Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence of temonera, sulphuhydryl variables and cefotaximase genes associated with β-lactamase producing escherichia coli in clinical isolates

Background: the occurrence of the different types of Extended spectrum beta Lactamase producing Escherichia coli with the, Sulphurhydryl variable, Temonera and the Cefotaximase have been on the rise Aim: The study was to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase gene resistance across the clinical isolates of hospitalized patients. Materials and Method: Three hundred and fifty isolates of Escherichia coli were received from different clinical specimens. The susceptibility profile of the isolates against 10 different antibiotics was examined, the MICs (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) for ceftazidime were also determined using micro-broth dilution assay. Isolates showing MIC ≥ 6 μg/ml for ceftazidime were screened for ESBL (PCT)phenotypic confirmatory test and subjected to PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to further. Results: By disk diffusion test, there was resistance to ceftazidime and cefotaxime were 180(51.4%) and 120 (34.2%) respectively. However, all strains were susceptible to imipenem. 250 isolates showed MICs≥ 6 μg/ml for ceftazidime of which 180 (72%) were positive for extended spectrum beta lactamase. The prevalence of Sulphurhydryl variable, Temonera and the Cefotaximase among these isolates were 17.1%, 6.6% and 17%, respectively. Conclusion: For the identification of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing isolates it is recommended that clinical laboratories adopt simple test based on Cinical laboratory standard institute recommendation for confirming extended spectrum beta lactamase production in enterobacteriacea species.
Concept of Spirituality: A Conventional Content Analysis

Introduction: Health is a holistic concept that incorporates physical, social, cultural, emotional, spiritual, mental, mystical, intrinsic, communicative, and cognitive dimensions. However, spirituality is the least understood and most challenged dimension of health. The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of spirituality. Method: In a conventional content analysis, 10 participants of the Quran and Medicine Congress were recruited. Data was collected with semi-structured interviews and narrative approach. Results: We recognized one theme, i.e. multidimensional concept of spirituality and its aspects, and two main subthemes, namely different perceptions of people about the concept of spirituality and various aspects of spirituality. Conclusion: Although this study provided a definition of spirituality and its dimensions, these concepts are ambiguous and have unclear domains. Therefore, further investigations are necessary to differentiate between aspects of spirituality.
Paleoecology of sublittoral Miocene echinoids from Sardinia: A case study for substrate controls of faunal distributions

Abstract A rich echinoid fauna within the middle Miocene carbonate sedimentary succession cropping out along the coast between Santa Caterina di Pittinuri and S'Archittu (central-western Sardinia) allows the comparison of faunal gradients and preservation potentials from both hard and soft substrata. Three echinoid assemblages are recognized. Faunal composition, as well as taphonomic and sedimentological features and functional morphological interpretation of the echinoid test indicate an outer sublittoral setting. Assemblage 1 represents a highly structured environment within the photic zone, with mobile substrata occupied by infaunal irregular echinoids, mainly spatangoids, and localized hard substrata, provided by rhodolith beds, with epibenthic regular echinoids represented by the co-occurrence of the diadematid Diadema Gray, 1825 and the toxopneustids Tripneustes L. Agassiz, 1841 and Schizechinus Pomel, 1869. Assemblage 2 shows a higher diversity of irregular echinoids, dominated by the clypeasteroids Echinocyamus van Phelsum, 1774 and Clypeaster Lamarck, 1801 and different spatangoids, with the minute trigonocidarid Genocidaris A. Agassiz, 1869 among regular echinoids. This assemblage points to a soft-bottom environment with moderate water-energy conditions, periodically affected by storms. A low-diversity echinoid fauna in Assemblage 3, dominated by the spatangoids Brissopsis L. Agassiz, 1840 and Ova Gray, 1825, documents a deeper, soft-bottom environment, possibly below storm-wave base. These results indicate that the diversity of echinoid faunas originating in sublittoral environments is related to: (1) the presence of both soft and hard substrata, (2) differential preservation potentials of the various echinoid taxa, (3) intense bioturbation, and (4) sediment deposition by sporadic storm events.
USE OF DECORRELATION PROCEDURE FOR SOURCE AND ECHO SUPPRESSION

The so-called semi-blind source separation (SBSS) is an extension of BSS when some signals can be directly and individually measured. SBSS can be used to implement multi-channel acoustic cancellation (MCAEC) without the need for double-talk detection. However, traditional MCAEC approaches based on least mean-square (LMS) lead to a non-unique solution due to correlated sources formed when a single far-end signal is captured by multiple microphones and played out through the near-end loudspeakers. The same nonuniqueness problem can be also expected during SBSS. In this study, the effect of using a decorrelation procedure for mitigating the nonuniqueness problem by applying a nonlinearity or a noise to the far-end reference signals is measured when BSS and stereophonic AEC (SAEC) are simultaneously implemented through SBSS. The simulation results show that the benefit, in terms of the misalignment and the echo return loss enhancement (ERLE), of using a decorrelation procedure can be significant for SBSS while not interfering with the source separation performance at all.
Trust and Emerging Democracy

The former communist societies of Eastern Central Europe (e.g. Poland) repeatedly experience barriers and blockades on the road toward an open, democratic, market society of the Western type. The author claims that most of the problems are due to the deficiency of cultural resources, the central of which is trust. A theory of trust is proposed, informed by the author's earlier work on `social becoming'. The `culture of distrust' is found to pervade Polish society at all levels of social life. Part of that syndrome derives from the legacy of real socialism, but more attention should be focused on current conditions: the new `risk environments', widespread anomie, inefficiency of political elites, and an enhanced feeling of relative deprivation after revolutionary elation and unrealistic hopes. To restore trust, an indispensable component of robust social tissue, the consistency of reforms must be safeguarded, the rule of law meticulously observed, integration with Western democracies speeded up and trust itself turned into a recognized social value.
Adjustment to Loss among Adolescents

The purpose of the present investigation was to explore the adjustment of adolescents who had experienced the death of a parent relative to those who had experienced parental divorce. A 3 (type of loss: parental death, parental divorce, and control) × 3 (age: early, middle, late) × 2 (gender) Multivariate analysis of covariance with socioeconomic status and social desirability as covariates was performed on the subscales of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL). Main effects for type of loss indicated that the parental death and divorce groups, although not differing from each other, scored significantly higher than the control group on the HSCL subscales of Somatization, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Depression. In contrast, only the parental death group scored significantly higher on the HSCL Interpersonal Sensitivity subscale which measures uneasiness and negative expectations regarding personal communications as well as interpersonal inadequacy and inferiority. These results indicate that parental death and divorce losses impair the intrapersonal adjustment of adolescents. In addition, findings suggest that parental death is unique in that it disturbs perceptions of interpersonal relationships, a fact which may result in isolation and rob adolescents of needed support at a time when relationships with others (e.g., peers, parents, teachers) are critical to adjustment, well-being, and identity development.
SEDATIVE ACTIVITY OF CANNABIS IN RELATION TO ITS Δ‘‐trans‐TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL AND CANNABIDIOL CONTENT

1 The oral sedative potencies of cannabis herb, crude ethanolic and petroleum‐ether fractions, were assayed against Δ′‐trans‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administered orally to mice, by measuring spontaneous motor activity over 30 min periods, at selected times, up to 6 h. 2 The THC contents of the extracts were determined chemically by gas‐liquid chromatography analysis and the B/C ratio (biological activity divided by chemical activity) calculated for each. The B/C values for cannabis herb, which contained THC but no CBD, was 4.47 and for ethanolic and petroleum‐ether extracts, 5.26 and 4.39, respectively. 3 The sedative potency expressed as SDA50, the dose required to give 50% effect over 6 h, was 1.06 (0.98 to 1.15) mg/kg for THC; 4.72 (4.22 to 5.27) mg/kg for cannabidiol and 1.26 (1.22 to 1.80) mg/kg for chlorpromazine. 4 An infusion of cannabis herb made with boiling water was shown to have sedative activity of very low potency. 5 When the cannabinoids were completely extracted from a sample of herb with petroleum‐ether the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the marc had some sedative activity; but the 70% ethanolic fraction had none. 6 The sedative activity of THC, cannabis herb and a water soluble fraction is blocked by aspirin, a cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitor, and restored by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). 7 The sedative effect of chlorpromazine is not blocked by aspirin.
Evidence for Amodal Representations after Bimodal Learning: Integration of Haptic-Visual Layouts into a Common Spatial Image

Abstract Participants learned circular layouts of six objects presented haptically or visually, then indicated the direction from a start target to an end target of the same or different modality (intramodal versus intermodal). When objects from the two modalities were learned separately, superior performance for intramodal trials indicated a cost of switching between modalities. When a bimodal layout intermixing modalities was learned, intra- and intermodal trials did not differ reliably. These findings indicate that a spatial image, independent of input modality, can be formed when inputs are spatially and temporally congruent, but not when modalities are temporally segregated in learning.
Manipulating reproductive effort leads to changes in female reproductive scheduling but not oxidative stress

The trade-off between reproductive investment and lifespan is the single most important concept in life-history theory. A variety of sources of evidence support the existence of this trade-off, but the physiological costs of reproduction that underlie this relationship remain poorly understood. The Free Radical Theory of Ageing suggests that oxidative stress, which occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of damaging Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and protective antioxidants, may be an important mediator of this trade-off. We sought to test this theory by manipulating the reproductive investment of female mice (Mus musculus domesticus) and measuring the effects on a number of life history and oxidative stress variables. Females with a greater reproductive load showed no consistent increase in oxidative damage above females who had a smaller reproductive load. The groups differed, however, in their food consumption, reproductive scheduling and mean offspring mass. Of particular note, females with a very high reproductive load delayed blastocyst implantation of their second litter, potentially mitigating the costs of energetically costly reproductive periods. Our results highlight that females use strategies to offset particularly costly periods of reproduction and illustrate the absence of a simple relationship between oxidative stress and reproduction.
Explaining Away Differences in Moral Judgment

Moral judgments about harm versus impurity differ in a number of nonsuperficial ways, as shown by dozens of studies, conducted by dozens of separate research labs, using a wide variety of methods and stimuli. Gray and Keeney attempt to explain away these differences by arguing that the “confounds” of severity and typicality may account for them all. This comment examines the evidence for this claim. Severity and typicality are undoubtedly important factors for moral judgment, but Gray and Keeney fail to demonstrate that they account for any (much less all) of the harm/impurity differences in the literature. Correlated ratings of “harm” and “impurity” are redundant with severity (.93 ≤ rs ≤ .97), merely tracking overall wrongness. The conclusion that harm and impurity judgments don’t meaningfully differ at all, that all the functional and cognitive differences in the literature are “illusions” resulting from confounds and “sampling bias,” is entirely unwarranted by the present studies.
A Novel HMM Distributed Classifier for the Detection of Gait Phases by Means of a Wearable Inertial Sensor Network

In this work, we decided to apply a hierarchical weighted decision, proposed and used in other research fields, for the recognition of gait phases. The developed and validated novel distributed classifier is based on hierarchical weighted decision from outputs of scalar Hidden Markov Models (HMM) applied to angular velocities of foot, shank, and thigh. The angular velocities of ten healthy subjects were acquired via three uni-axial gyroscopes embedded in inertial measurement units (IMUs) during one walking task, repeated three times, on a treadmill. After validating the novel distributed classifier and scalar and vectorial classifiers-already proposed in the literature, with a cross-validation, classifiers were compared for sensitivity, specificity, and computational load for all combinations of the three targeted anatomical segments. Moreover, the performance of the novel distributed classifier in the estimation of gait variability in terms of mean time and coefficient of variation was evaluated. The highest values of specificity and sensitivity (>0.98) for the three classifiers examined here were obtained when the angular velocity of the foot was processed. Distributed and vectorial classifiers reached acceptable values (>0.95) when the angular velocity of shank and thigh were analyzed. Distributed and scalar classifiers showed values of computational load about 100 times lower than the one obtained with the vectorial classifier. In addition, distributed classifiers showed an excellent reliability for the evaluation of mean time and a good/excellent reliability for the coefficient of variation. In conclusion, due to the better performance and the small value of computational load, the here proposed novel distributed classifier can be implemented in the real-time application of gait phases recognition, such as to evaluate gait variability in patients or to control active orthoses for the recovery of mobility of lower limb joints.
Containment domains: A scalable, efficient, and flexible resilience scheme for exascale systems

This paper describes and evaluates a scalable and efficient resilience scheme based on the concept of containment domains. Containment domains are a programming construct that enable applications to express resilience needs and to interact with the system to tune and specialize error detection, state preservation and restoration, and recovery schemes. Containment domains have weak transactional semantics and are nested to take advantage of the machine and application hierarchies and to enable hierarchical state preservation, restoration, and recovery. We evaluate the scalability and efficiency of containment domains using generalized trace-driven simulation and analytical analysis and show that containment domains are superior to both checkpoint restart and redundant execution approaches.
The effectiveness of psychosocial interventions delivered by general practitioners.

BACKGROUND Many patients visit their general practitioner (GP) because of problems that are psychosocial in origin. However, for many of these problems there is no evidence-based treatment available in primary care, and these patients place time-consuming demands on their GP. Therefore, GPs could benefit from tools to help these patients more effectively and efficiently. In this light, it is important to assess whether structured psychosocial interventions might be an appropriate tool for GPs. Previous reviews have shown that psychosocial interventions in primary care seem more effective that usual care. However, these interventions were mostly performed by health professionals other than the GP. OBJECTIVES To present a systematic review of the literature addressing the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions by general practitioners by assessing the clinical outcomes and the methodological quality of selected studies. SEARCH STRATEGY The literature search was conducted using the CCDAN Trials Register, the Cochrane Library and reference lists of relevant studies for citation tracking. Also, personal communication with experts took place. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials, controlled clinical trials and controlled patient preference trials addressing the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions by GPs for any problem or disorder. Studies published before January 2002 were eligible for entry. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Methodological quality was independently be assessed by two reviewers using the Maastricht-Amsterdam Criteria List and the CCDAN Quality Rating Scale. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of selected trials were independently extracted by two reviewers using a standardised data extraction form. Levels of evidence were used to determine the strength of the evidence available. Results from studies that reported similar interventions and outcome measures were meta-analysed. MAIN RESULTS Eight studies were included in the review. Selected studies addressed different psychosocial interventions for four distinct disorders or health complaints. There is good evidence that problem-solving treatment by general practitioners is effective for major depression. The evidence concerning the remaining interventions for other health complaints (reattribution or cognitive behavioural group therapy for somatisation, counselling for smoking cessation, behavioural interventions to reduce alcohol reduction) is either limited or conflicting. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS In general, there is little available evidence on the use of psychosocial interventions by general practitioners. Of the psychosocial interventions reviewed, problem-solving treatment for depression seems the most promising tool for GPs, although a stronger evidence-base is required and the effectiveness in routine practice remains to be demonstrated. More research is required to improve the evidence-base on this subject.
Retinal pericytes inhibit activated T cell proliferation.

PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that retinal pericytes (RPCs) are immunosuppressive; therefore, their loss of function under hyperglycemic conditions favors retinal inflammation and contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS Isolated mouse and human RPCs were tested in T cell function assays to evaluate their capability of inhibiting T cell responses. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, transwell systems, blocking mAbs against PD-L1 and IL-10 were used. The efficacy of RPCs in protecting retinal endothelial cells (RECs) from inflammation-induced apoptosis was assessed by apoptosis detection staining. Finally, to test whether hyperglycemic conditions impair the immunomodulatory activity of RPCs, RPCs pre-incubated in high glucose or methylglyoxal (MGO) were evaluated using the T cell proliferation assays. RESULTS RPCs profoundly inhibited activated T cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production. The T cell inhibitory activity of RPCs was decreased, but was not abolished, in transwell experiments. RPCs express PD-L1, and blocking PD-L1 reduced RPCs' efficacy of T cell inhibition. RPCs also produce IL-10, and neutralization of IL-10 reduced their immunosuppressive activity. There were significantly reduced numbers of inflammation-induced apoptosis-detected RECs in the presence of RPCs. Incubation of RPCs with either high glucose or MGO reduced the activity of RPCs to inhibit activated T cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS RPCs are highly immunosuppressive and they protected RECs from inflammation-mediated apoptosis. Hyperglycemic conditions impaired the T cell inhibitory activity of RPCs. These results reveal a new function of RPCs, and its regulation under hyperglycemic conditions. This may represent a novel mechanism by which RPCs contribute to preservation of retinal integrity in diseases, including DR.
Impact of Detection Method and Accompanying Ductal Carcinoma in Situ on Prognosis of T1a,bN0 Breast Cancer

Background: T1a,bN0 breast cancer is not easily detected. Before mammography became widespread, most cases were discovered only after the development of symptoms. The presence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) affects the detectability of associated invasive cancer; however, the prognostic value of concomitant DCIS is controversial. This study compared the characteristics of screening-detected and symptom-detected T1a,bN0 breast cancer, and investigated the impact of accompanying DCIS on detection and prognosis. Patients and Methods: Data were collected from a single hospital between 2000 and 2009. Of 5,690 primary breast cancers patients, 438 met the criteria for T1a,bN0M0. Logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic indicators and their association with the detection method. Survival analyses were performed to estimate distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Results: Tumors in 79 and 359 patients were detected by screening and development of symptoms, respectively. Symptomatic cancer patients were younger, more likely to receive a mastectomy, and had larger accompanying DCIS lesions; their 10-year DRFS rates were worse than those of patients with screening-detected tumors (91.1% vs. 100% respectively, p=0.049). Patients with large accompanying DCIS (≥2 cm) had markedly worse 10-year DRFS (77.1% vs. 97.4%, p<0.001) and BCSS (94.3% vs. 98.9%, p<0.001). Conclusion: T1a,bN0 breast cancers detected owing to symptoms are more likely to have larger accompanying DCIS. T1a,bN0 patients with large accompanying DCIS have worse DRFS and BCSS. It is important to consider associated DCIS size when evaluating prognosis in T1a,bN0 breast cancer patients.