Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of image characteristics on image recognition: a comparison of photographs and line drawings

Background: Photographs provide more information including colour, luminance, texture, and shading cues compared to line drawings. There is evidence that these additional cues facilitate image recognition in individuals with and without neurological deficits. Black-and-white line drawings and colour photographs are commonly used with individuals with aphasia in evaluation and treatment. Eye tracking provides an opportunity to assess the influence of these different image types on object recognition processes without relying on verbal responses. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in object recognition of photographs and line drawings were observed using eye-tracking measures. Specific goals were to compare the influence of (a) image type of the same target image presented as colour photograph and black-and-white line drawing and (b) degree of colour diagnosticity (high-colour diagnostic natural objects and low-colour diagnostic human-made objects) in multiple-choice image displays on language-mediated eye movements in language-normal adults. Methods & Procedures: Eye movements of 19 participants were recorded while they viewed 66 multiple-choice image displays of colour photographs and black-and-white line drawings presented with a verbal stimulus. Target images included high-colour diagnostic natural objects and low-colour diagnostic human-made objects. Outcomes & Results: Participants allocated significantly greater proportions of fixation duration and first-pass gaze duration to the photographs compared to line drawings. No significant differences were observed for colour diagnosticity differences within the colour or the black-and-white line drawing displays. Conclusions: Eye tracking indexed significant differences in fixation duration allocated to target images in displays that only differed with respect to image type and colour, and were otherwise carefully controlled for shape, size, orientation, and content conveyed. Results suggest that language-normal participants’ object recognition was facilitated by colour photographs compared to line drawings, highlighting the clinical relevance and the need for research of image design for clinical use with individuals with neurological impairments.
Susceptibility of hemolytic streptococci, other than those of group D, to eleven antibiotics in vitro.

There has been confusion in the literature in regard to (1) the relative activity of the available antibiotics against the different varieties of streptococci, and (2) the possible changes that may have occurred in the antibiotic susceptibility of streptococci isolated in different periods and that may have resulted from use of these agents. " "• -•In some instances, this may have been the result of failure to differentiate among the various species and the serologic groups and types of the streptococci. That species differences, even within the same serologic group, may be important with regard to antibiotic susceptibility was demonstrated in the instance of 3 human pathogenic species of enterococcus (group D streptococci). Even the specific types of hemolytic streptococci of group A are known to be crucial in the occurrence and spread of strains that are resistant to sulfadiazine. ------A previous paper from this laboratory dealt with the susceptibility of different varieties of streptococci that were isolated in 1949 and earlier to 7 antibiotics that were then available. Strains of the 3 major divisions (Swift), namely, hemolytic streptococci (mostly of group A), the viridans type of streptococci, and the enterococci, were each studied separately, and they varied in sensitivity to some of the antibiotics. The more recent study of the various species of enterococci was performed with strains that were isolated chiefly in 1954. The present study deals with the antibiotic susceptibility of hemolytic streptococci other than those of group D isolated during 1954 and 1955. It was designed with the following objectives: (1) to determine the relative susceptibility of these recently isolated strains to the currently available, clinically useful
Self-Esteem and Appraisals of Parental Behavior

Adolescents' levels of self-esteem as a function of their own versus their parents' appraisals of parental nurturance and parental authority were investigated. Results revealed that (a) both mothers'andfathers'nurturance (as perceived by the adolescents) were positively related to self-esteem, (b) based upon the adolescents' appraisals, parental authoritativeness was directly related to self-esteem whereas parental authoritarianism was inversely related to self-esteem, (c) adolescents' assessments of parental nurturance and authority were more strongly related to self-esteem than were the parents'assessments of these variables, and (d) regression analyses suggested that parental authority may be an important source of parental nurturance information for adolescents.
A Retrospective on the Information Systems Discipline in Australia

Information systems (IS) emerged as a discipline in the 1960s. It has struggled to define itself, its scope and its relationship with its neighbouring disciplines in the computing and management arenas. Despite that, it has grown into a diverse and busy community. The discipline in Australia numbers some 700 people, and it has had impacts on the international stage. This chapter charts key events in its first four decades, identifies what appear to the author to be the key themes, provides a body of references for future historians to consider in greater detail and from other perspectives and raises questions for the future.
From Individual to Group Territoriality: Competitive Environments Promote the Evolution of Sociality

In many animal species individuals compete for the sole possession of a breeding territory, whereas in other species communal territories are shared among same-sex conspecifics. Under what conditions does natural selection favor the evolution of individual territoriality, and under what conditions does it favor the evolution of sociality? We develop a self-consistent game-theoretic model that allows for feedbacks between evolutionary and population dynamics. In this model, nonresident floaters can chose between three strategies: they can wait for a territory vacancy to arise, they can try to forcefully take over an already-occupied territory, or they can share a territory with an established resident. We show that competitive environments initially favor the evolution of an aggressive (territorial) strategy. Yet as competition increases further, a shift occurs from aggressive to social strategies. Moreover, territory owners (residents) respond to the behavior of floaters, such that a feedback occurs in which residents adjust their degree of tolerance to the level of floater aggression and vice versa. This feedback resembles the dynamics of a biological market and eventually leads to the coexistence of aggressive and social floater strategies in the population. Such mixed equilibria commonly occur in nature.
Spontaneous retrograde migration of ureterovesical junction stone to the kidney; first ever reported case in the English literature in human

We present a case of spontaneous retrograde migration of ureterovesical junction stone to the kidney. A 26-year-old Bahraini male, diagnosed with left lower ureteric stone 7 months before this presentation. On his recent presentation, the stone has migrated down but not passed, confirmed on imaging. Operative removal was planned. X-ray kidney ureter bladder (KUB) in the morning of surgery did not reveal stone in the ureter, but the same shadow was seen in the kidney. An urgent computerized tomography-KUB was done, and this confirms the stone has migrated to the kidney. Surgery was canceled, and the stone was dealt with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and was fragmented in the first session. This retrograde migration of lower ureteric stone to the kidney is not reported in the English literature in human before.
Women in engineering.

The twenty-first century presents many new challenges in career development and choices in the workforce for men and women. Currently, women comprise nearly half of the United States labor force. United States women are employed in various career areas, ranging from the traditional careers for women, such as education and secretarial, to their growing numbers in business, law, and medicine (U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010). As technology becomes the driving force of the economy, it has become essential that science, technology, engineering, and mathematics are areas that more U.S. citizens should pursue. Although engineering is a very lucrative profession, many Americans, especially women, are not choosing engineering as a profession. Recent studies have shown no significant differences in math and science competency between men and women (Spelke, 2005; Hyde, Lindberg, Linn, Ellis, & Williams, 2008; McQueen, Clark, & Rumsey, 2008). Therefore other factors, such as social cultural influences seem to affect women’s career choices and preferences. The purpose of this study is to understand the meaning that women engineers make of the social cultural factors that influence their reasons for entering and remaining in the engineering profession. Studying the meaning of the sociocultural gender-linked influences on the experiences of women engineers is intended to provide a better understand to educators and employers. It is hoped that this understanding will enhance the recruitment of more
The Origins and Ethics of Maritime Archaeology – Part I

Abstract The ethics of maritime archaeology have been widely discussed, but tend to be couched in terms of the binary opposition between 'archaeologists' and 'treasure-hunters', 'acceptable' and 'unacceptable' behaviour. The reality is inevitably more complex, and all practitioners need to consider their motivations, the site-specific ethics of their work, and their responses – why do we do what we do, how and where do we do it, and what does this say about us both as individuals and a community? Drawing comparisons with archaeological practice in the UK, USA and Australia, this paper considers these issues in reference to the historical development and 'anthropology' of the discipline of maritime archaeology, and the recent growth of interest in 20th century wreck sites, particularly those associated with the two world wars.
JOKING MARKET WOMEN: CRITIQUING AND NEGOTIATING GENDER AND SOCIAL HIERARCHY IN KANKOSSA, MAURITANIA

ABSTRACT The streets of Kankossa's busy daily market often ring with laughter as female vegetable vendors joke with each other and passersby. This joking comes at a time when gender roles are shifting in Mauritania since it has become challenging for many men to provide for their families, causing women to take on roles as significant income earners. Likewise, as slavery has diminished over the last century, Ḥarāṭīn, a group consisting of ex-slaves or descendants of slaves, have been negotiating their places in the polity. To gain insight into the shifting social order, this article analyses examples of joking by Ḥarāṭīn market women who in this way engage with issues of gender and the social hierarchy. The social space of the market is a critical setting for such practices since it both facilitates their occurrence and also gives women's words weight because they are spoken in the presence of an audience. While jokes are always ambiguous, women's joking in front of others in this space makes their jokes bite, thus enabling them to give voice to deeply personal anxieties and make sense of changes in the social order. RÉSUMÉ Les rues du marché quotidien très fréquenté de Kankossa vibrent souvent au son des rires des vendeuses de légumes, qui plaisantent entre elles et avec les passants. Ces plaisanteries interviennent à une période où le rôle des sexes change en Mauritanie ; la difficulté, pour beaucoup d'hommes, de subvenir aux besoins de leur famille pousse les femmes à assumer le rôle de soutien de famille. De même, face au déclin de l'esclavage au cours du dernier siècle, les Ḥarāṭīn, qui regroupent des anciens esclaves ou descendants d'esclaves, négocient leur place dans l'organisation étatique. Pour mieux comprendre ce changement d'ordre social, cet article analyse des exemples de plaisanteries échangées au marché par les marchandes harāṭīn, qui traitent de genre et de hiérarchie sociale. L'espace social du marché est un cadre critique pour ces pratiques, car il facilite leur occurrence et donne du poids aux paroles des femmes parce qu'elles sont prononcées en présence d'un public. Les plaisanteries sont toujours ambigües, mais le fait que les femmes plaisantent ouvertement dans cet espace donne du mordant à leurs plaisanteries et leur permet ainsi d'exprimer des anxiétés extrêmement personnelles et de donner un sens aux changements de l'ordre social.
Flexible Object Models for Category-Level 3D Object Recognition

Today's category-level object recognition systems largely focus on fronto-parallel views of objects with characteristic texture patterns. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel framework for visual object recognition where object classes are represented by assemblies of partial surface models (PSMs) obeying loose local geometric constraints. The PSMs themselves are formed of dense, locally rigid assemblies of image features. Since our model only enforces local geometric consistency, both at the level of model parts and at the level of individual features within the parts, it is robust to viewpoint changes and intra-class variability. The proposed approach has been implemented, and it outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms for object detection and localization recently compared in [14] on the Pascal 2005 VOC Challenge Cars Test 1 data.
Group membership influences social control of perpetrators of uncivil behaviors

The present research examined bystanders' reactions to uncivil behaviors. We tested a proposed mediator of the effect by which bystanders are more likely to exert social control over in-group compared to out-group members. Participants were asked to report their likely reaction if they were to witness a woman throwing a plastic bottle into a flowerbed. Participants reported that they were more likely to express their disapproval to the woman if she was an in-group rather than an out-group member. This effect was mediated by the moral emotions that participants expected the woman to feel if they were to intervene: Participants expected the woman to feel more embarrassment and shame when she was an in-group member, and this explained why they were more likely to exert social control toward an in-group member than an out-group member. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Going Global? Internationalizing Australian Universities in a Time of Global Crisis

L'auteur analyse l'orientation de la politique engagee dans le secteur de l'enseignement superieur en Australie, qui a vu depuis 1980 une augmentation et une croissance exponentielle des inscriptions d'etudiants etrangers. Une analyse critique de cette internationalisation percue egalement comme etant une mondialisation de l'enseignement accompagne cette etude qui ne manque pas de traiter des questions relatives au financement des universites australiennes en comparaison avec d'autres pays anglophones presentant des conditions similaires.
Characterisation of Zimbabwean Armillaria using IGS-1 sequences and AFLP analysis

Armillaria root and butt rot disease is a common problem in peach orchards, tea and pine plantations in the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe. The species of Armillaria causing this disease have not been fully identified but it is believed that at least three species are involved. These included A. fuscipes (previously referred to as RFLP Group I) and two unnamed species known as RFLP Group II and RFLP Group III. The aim of the study was to use PCR-RFLP, sequences of the IGS-1 region of the rDNA operon and AFLP fingerprinting to characterize 27 Zimbabwean Armillaria isolates. PCR-RFLP tests showed that the isolates resided in five groups. Analysis of sequence data elucidated four groups, which were also supported by AFLP data. Thirteen isolates belonged to RFLP Group I, which is considered to represent A. fuscipes, four isolates were most similar to those previously referred to as Zimbabwean RFLP Group II and two isolates clustered most closely with RFLP Group III. The remaining isolates appear to represent Armillaria taxa not previously found in Zimbabwe.
From Subsistence Marketplaces Up, from General Macromarketing Theories Down

Marketing researchers have recently begun exploring the specific context of subsistence marketplaces in developing and emerging economies using a bottom-up approach. Such literature offers an increasing number of conceptual frameworks and theoretical approaches derived from or inspired by a sound understanding of the real-life contexts of subsistence marketplaces. This article draws attention to a complementary top-down approach that begins from basic thinking on marketing’s contribution to development and, through midrange theories, eventually connects with bottom-up insights into subsistence marketplaces. The top-down approach helps create a unique theoretical midrange for development-oriented research in marketing that is complementary to other disciplines in the development debate. A bottom-up and top-down shaped theoretical midrange promises transformative interventions that can attend to the specific context at hand, while connecting with basic marketing principles on development.
A long-term analysis of physician triage screening in the emergency department.

OBJECTIVES The problem of emergency department (ED) crowding is well recognized; however, little data exist on the sustainability of potential solutions, including physician triage and screening. The authors hypothesized that a physician triage screening program (Supplemented Triage and Rapid Treatment [START]) sustainably improves standard ED performance metrics. METHODS This retrospective, observational, before-and-after study compared performance measures over 4 years in a tertiary care urban academic medical center with approximately 90,000 annual ED visits. Patients seen between December 2006 and November 2010 were included. Outcome measures included length of stay (LOS) for ED patients, percentage of patients who left without completing assessment (LWCA), percentage of patients treated and dispositioned by START without using monitored beds, and door-to-room time. Descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS Median LOS for START patients was 56 minutes/patient lower when comparing 2010 to 2007 (p < 0.0001) and for non-START patients 22 minutes/patient lower (p < 0.0001). The percentage of patients who LWCA decreased from 4.8% to 2.9% (p < 0.0001) during the same time period. In START's first half-year, 18% of patients were discharged without using monitored beds. This increased to 29% by year 3. In addition, median door-to-room time decreased from 18.4 to 9.9 minutes during the same 3-year interval. CONCLUSIONS Physician screening appears to provide sustainable improvements in ED performance metrics including ED LOS, percentage of patients who LWCA, door-to-room time, and percentage of patients treated without using a monitored bed, despite increasing ED volume. Physician screening delivers additional incremental benefits for several years after implementation and can effectively increase ED capacity by allowing emergency physicians to more efficiently use monitored beds.
Of Rights and Roles: Police Interviews with Young Suspects in Northern Ireland

Although the rules governing police interviews with suspects in custody have been well regulated since the introduction of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) in England and Wales and Northern Ireland, concern has been expressed over the years about the vulnerable position of young suspects within the PACE regime and about the adequacy of the safeguards provided. This paper discusses the nature of police interviews with young people in Northern Ireland, drawing on the findings of a recent research project. The paper focuses particularly on the roles of the various participants (the interviewing officer(s), the appropriate adult and the solicitor) within the dynamics of advising young persons before and during the police interview and calls for a reconstruction of the role of the appropriate adult.
Impact Analysis in the Presence of Dependence Clusters Using Static Execute after in WebKit

Impact analysis based on code dependence can be an integral part of software quality assurance by providing opportunities to identify those parts of the software system that are affected by a change. Because changes usually have far reaching effects in programs, effective and efficient impact analysis is vital, which has different applications including change propagation and regression testing. Static Execute After (SEA) is a relation on program elements (procedures) that is efficiently computable and accurate enough to be a candidate for use in impact analysis in practice. To assess the applicability of SEA in terms of capturing real defects, we present results on integrating it into the build system of Web Kit, a large, open source software system, and on related experiments. We show that a large number of real defects can be captured by impact sets computed by SEA, albeit many of them are large. We demonstrate that this is not an issue in applying it to regression test prioritization, but generally it can be an obstacle in the path to efficient use of impact analysis. We believe that the main reason for large impact sets is the formation of dependence clusters in code. As apparently dependence clusters cannot be easily avoided in the majority of cases, we focus on determining the effects these clusters have on impact analysis.
Age- and sex-related effects on ankle–brachial index in a screened cohort of Japanese: the Okinawa Peripheral Arterial Disease Study (OPADS)

Aims Age-related change of ankle–brachial index (ABI) within the general population, especially <40 years, has not been determined in large population studies. We evaluated the value of the ABI by age- and sex-related differences in a screened cohort. Methods and results The ABI was examined in 13,211 participants (aged 21–89 years) in a health evaluation programme. The mean ABI was lower in women than in men at all ages. The ABI was lowest at <40 years, and increased with age; the maximum was at 60–69 years in both sexes. In participants <40 years, 186 (22%) of women and 108 (9.8%) of men had a borderline ABI (0.9–1.0). The prevalence of an ABI ≤0.9 in men increased with age, and sharply rose to 3.3% at ≥70 years. Conversely, women demonstrated a J-curve relationship, where the prevalence of an ABI ≤0.9 was lowest at 60–69 years (0.2%), and increased at <40 (0.9%) and ≥70 years (1.6%). The prevalence of atherosclerotic risk factors was higher in participants with an ABI ≤0.9 than those with an ABI >0.9 in men, both ≤60 and >60 years, and in women >60 years. In women ≤60 years, however, the prevalence of atherosclerotic risk factors in participants with an ABI >0.9 was as small as those with an ABI ≤0.9. Conclusion The ABI increased with age until 60–69 years, and was lower in women than in men. It is unlikely that a low ABI in younger healthy women always indicate that existence of arterial stenosis.