Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Satisfaction with daily activities after retirement in Europe

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the determinants of satisfaction with daily activities among retirees aged 65 years or older in 11 European countries. We use data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe on self-assessed satisfaction with daily activities and anchoring vignettes to correct for potential differences in response scales across countries and socio-demographic groups. On average, retired Europeans appear to be satisfied with their daily activities, but there are large differences across countries: respondents from Northern countries tend to be more satisfied than individuals from Central European or Mediterranean countries. Our analysis shows that correcting for response scale differentials alters the country ranking for satisfaction with daily activities but hardly affects the conclusions on the factors driving within-country differences between socio-demographic groups.
Making up Lost Ground: Challenges in Supporting the Educational Attainment of Looked after Children beyond Key Stage 4

Looked after children continue to perform poorly at school compared to their peers and care leavers are at increased risk of unemployment and poverty. Although there is a growing body of research on their education and recent studies have identified the factors associated with successful educational outcomes, less attention has been paid to whether, and if so how, the majority of children finishing Key Stage 41 with disappointing qualifications may be supported to make up any educational deficit beyond compulsory school-leaving age (currently 16 in the UK). Care leavers can exhibit remarkable resilience and leaving care may be an opportunity for positive change. Jennifer Driscoll reports on a small pilot study which explored young people's own accounts and explanations in relation to their educational experiences and attainment, together with their attitudes to and engagement with education, particularly with regard to their aspirations and motivation to persevere with it. The challenges for schools in providing support to young people who are notoriously self-reliant and resistant to accepting help are considered in the context of current tensions in educational policy.
Cardinal number and its representation: skills, concepts and contexts

Surprisingly little is known about the extent of children’s knowledge about number beyond their ability to recite, read and write numbers and count quantities of objects. There is little information on the extent to which children are aware of how number is used in their everyday environment or of how much they gain from such early exposure. The extent to which current curriculum frameworks build upon early number knowledge and provide early experience of practical problem‐solving is also unknown. Comparative research was carried out with children in the period before they begin their formal education. The findings suggest that young children may not be equipped with the concepts essential for representing number in the domains of counting and cardinality. The results have implications for early years curricula to ensure a secure base on which to successfully teach number operations and problem‐solving.
On reconfiguration-oriented approximate adder design and its application

Approximate circuit designs allow us to tradeoff computation quality (e.g., accuracy) and computational effort (e.g., energy), by exploiting the inherent error-resilience of many applications. As the computation quality requirement of an application generally varies at runtime, it is preferable to be able to reconfigure approximate circuits to satisfy such needs and save unnecessary computational effort. In this paper, we present a reconfiguration-oriented design methodology for approximate circuits, and propose a reconfigurable approximate adder design that degrades computation quality gracefully. The proposed design methodology enables us to achieve better quality-effort tradeoff when compared to existing techniques, as demonstrated in the application of DCT computing.
To compare the outcome (early) of neonates with birth asphyxia in-relation to place of delivery and age at time of admission.

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of birth asphyxia and short-term (early) outcome in relation to age at admission and place of delivery. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Paediatric Department, Neonatal Ward of Liaquat University Hospital (LUH) Hyderabad from January to December 2009. All babies were received at our nursery or delivered in LUH with birth asphyxia were included, while babies having major congenital abnormalities, with birth weight < 1800 gm or preterm were excluded. After consent and enrollment their detailed history including peri-natal history, Apgar score, resuscitation measures, problems and outcome were recorded on a pre-designed study proforma. Short-term outcome was measured after 7 hours as clinically improved, developed neurological disability (Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy stage II or III) or death. RESULTS The frequency was (n = 600; 25%) of LUMHS born and (n = 310; 61.63%) were received within 6 hours, (n = 272 45% were LUMHS born and n = 7 7% were out born), (n = 37; 38.95%) within 24 hours and (n = 9; 10.3%) after 24 hours. On initial neurological evaluation (n = 90; 15%) were normal while clinical signs of HIE were present in 85%, with (n = 180; 30%) in stage I, (n = 210; 35%) in Stage II and (n = 120; 20%) in stage III of HIE. Outcome was measured after 72 hours, around 53.3% (320) were normal, 31.6% (190) developed neurological disability, while 15% (90) babies expired. Outcome was better in Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences (LUMHS) born than out-born with statistically significant difference in terms of disability (Chi-square test P-value < 0.0001) but no difference was noted in terms of disability to death. There was a statistically improved outcome for babies received within 6 hours than those after 6 hours of birth (Chi-square test P-value < 0.0255). CONCLUSION Early recognition of birth asphyxia and timely referral to tertiary center can reduce morbidity and mortality.
A Multinational Economic Evaluation of rhDNase in the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis

Abstract Economic evaluations of Pharmaceuticals are increasingly being conducted in conjunction with randomized phase III clinical trials to meet the demand for pharmacoeconomic data when new products are launched. While the need for such data is often global, the trials in which relevant information may be collected are often conducted in only one or a limited number of countries. A critical issue is how data from pivotal clinical trials in one setting can serve as the basis for pharmacoeconomic evaluations in others. We address this issue and report on four economic evaluations that we undertook in conjunction with a recent U.S. phase III clinical trial of recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase), which is used to improve pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The objective of these evaluations was to estimate the potential impact of rhDNase therapy in France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom on the direct costs of medical care for the treatment of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in patients with CF. Analyses of economic impact were undertaken
Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of nifedipine administered by different routes in healthy volunteers.

Absolute bioavailability (F) of 10 mg nifedipine capsules was studied in six adult healthy male volunteers. The drug was given swallowed and sublingual and the results compared with data obtained when the drug was administered intravenously (0.015 mg/k). The pharmacokinetic profile of nifedipine was performed from venous blood samples obtained over a period of 8 hours, with a specific gas chromatographic assay. Besides bioavailability (F), also were calculated the peak plasma concentration (Cmax), the time to reach Cmax, (tmax), the clearance of the drug (CL), the apparent volume of distribution (V1), the elimination half-life (t1/2 beta), and the area under the curve (AUC). The F value was 44.5 + 7.5% and 48.7 + 8.3% for the swallowed and sublingual routes respectively; however, during the sublingual administration the mean Cmax was larger (92.9 +/- ng/ml), and mean tmax greater (1 h), than the data obtained following the swallowed administration (134.1 +/- 17.7 ng/ml and 0.5 h respectively; p less than 0.05). When nifedipine was administered intravenously the mean t1/2 beta was 2.063 +/- 0.24 h, the mean CL was 0.234 + 0.017 l/h.kg, and the mean V1 was 0.278 + 0.027 l/kg; these data did nat show the great individual variability reported by other authors. Due to the mean AUC, less than 450 ng.h/ml, the group of volunteers of this trial could be classified as rapid metabolizers. Finally, there was a significant linear correlation between nifedipine plasma concentrations and the changes observed in the heart rate blood pressure (r = 0.85; p less than 0.05).
Mercury. A history of quicksilver

The author bases his book on postgraduate lectures on the development of certain ideas in microbiology. Thus, each chapter deals with one topic, rather than a chronological sequence as is the usual way of presenting the history of a subject. The order of presentation is difficult to understand and seems to be quite arbitary. Some historical order should have been preserved here, so that the section on serology and immunology founded in the nineteenth century preceded those on chemotherapy, antibiotics, and bacterial genetics, which are products of the twentieth. There are chapters on virology and protozoology, with a note on mycology, but each is inadequate. A brief account of how microbiology has developed as a discipline and its influence on surgery (no mention of Lister in the index), public health and, industry would have been equally pertinent. Each chapter has a short list ofimportant papers or books representing primary and secondary sources, but they are not keyed to the text. Although it is ofinterest to have the main parts ofmicrobiology dealtwith separately, there is not sufficient cross-linking and the reader does not achieve an overview of advancement. It would seem that each chapter represents a lecture, but with little reference in it to those preceding and those ensuing. Moreover there are a number of factual errors, especially in the material dealing with the early period (Hooke's microscope did not reach x 300-x 500, p. 13) and distortions (Lister the elder is dismissed in three words, p. 15, and his name is not indexed, whereas he was of considerable importance in the history of microscopy). As a book for teacher-guided students this book may have a role, but those dealing with the history of microbiology already available seem to be quite adequate. The author has had lengthy experience with the problems of the use and abuse of mercury as seen in occupational medical practice, and is thus an ideal person to trace, as he does, the story of mercury from the earliest times to the present. He deals with it in medicine, science, and technology, and especially in the last two decades when increasing attention has been given to environmental pollution. Part I is concemed with the occurrence of mercury, the technology of it, its early history, its early chemistry, and with its use in instruments. These are the physical aspects of the metal; and the second section surveys its pharmacology, …
Application of Computer Simulation and Genetic Algorithms to Gene Interactive Rules for Early Detection and Prevention of Cancer

Through cellular signaling networks, genes regulate the expression of other genes, which eventually result in stable phenotype structures such as tumor or nontumor cells. Often, tumor and nontumor cellular networks contain some similar cancer-causing genes, but due to corresponding gene regulatory network (GRN) in tumor networks, they end up forming cancerous cells, whereas in nontumor networks, they do not. If basic gene regulatory function rules could be estimated, potential for cancer could be detected before it actually happens. If these regulations could be modified, there is a potential to alter them in a way that evolution of cancerous cells could be avoided. This paper builds on the previous work where GRNs for hepatocellular cancer were estimated from microarray data and were used to detect the potential for cancer before it is actually developed. It applies a genetic-algorithm-based mathematical approach to determine the optimum change to induce to the nature of network regulatory rules to prevent formation of cancerous tumors. The approach presented here is based on the utilization of probabilistic Boolean networks on two models of GRNs: one for tumor and one for nontumor producing structures.
Effect of hydrogen peroxide topical application on the enamel and composite resin surfaces and interface.

OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to analyze the superficial roughness and the interface between enamel and composite resin restorations after dental bleaching procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Black's class V cavities were made and restored with composite resin, and the whole set, enamel-restorative material, was treated with 35% hydrogen peroxide. Seven procedures of 30 min each were performed. A profilometric assessment was carried out before and after the treatment of each sample, and roughness scores were obtained. Treated and untreated samples were analyzed under scanning electronic microscope and images of their surface were obtained. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide caused no alteration in the interface between enamel and composite resin, Tetric Ceram, fillings and the topical application of 35% hydrogen peroxide on enamel and composite resin, Tetric Ceram, caused an alteration of their surface topography, featuring a predominance of depressions after the bleaching treatment.
Machine Learning based traffic congestion prediction in a IoT based Smart City

– In a smart city roads would be equipped with the sensors for analyzing the traffic flow. Hence, free ﬂowing of road traffic is important for faster connectivity and transportation systems. Few trafﬁc ﬂow prediction methods use Neural Networks and other prediction models which take presumably more time with manual intervention which are not suitable for many real-world applications. So, here, we propose a machine learning based traffic congestion prediction which can be used for analyzing the traffic and predicting the congestion on specific path and notifying well in advance the vehicles intending to travel on the congested path.
Weight-based discrimination, body dissatisfaction and emotional eating: The role of perceived social consensus

Objective: Discrimination can have a negative impact on psychological well-being, attitudes and behaviour. This research evaluates the impact of experiences of weight-based discrimination upon emotional eating and body dissatisfaction, and also explores whether people's beliefs about an ingroup's social consensus concerning how favourably overweight people are regarded can moderate the relationship between experiences of discrimination and negative eating and weight-related cognitions and behaviours. Research methods and procedures: 197 undergraduate students completed measures about their experiences of weight-based discrimination, emotional eating and body dissatisfaction. Participants also reported their beliefs concerning an ingroup's attitude towards overweight people. Results: Recollections of weight-based discrimination significantly contributed to emotional eating and body dissatisfaction. However, the relationships between experiencing discrimination and body dissatisfaction and emotional eating were weakest amongst participants who believed that the ingroup held a positive attitude towards overweight people. Discussion: Beliefs about ingroup social consensus concerning overweight people can influence the relationships between weight-based discrimination and emotional eating and body dissatisfaction. Changing group perceptions to perceive it to be unacceptable to discriminate against overweight people may help to protect victims of discrimination against the negative consequences of weight-based stigma.
GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis for Arabica Coffee Expansion in Rwanda

The Government of Rwanda is implementing policies to increase the area of Arabica coffee production. Information on the suitable areas for sustainably growing Arabica coffee is still scarce. This study aimed to analyze suitable areas for Arabica coffee production. We analyzed the spatial distribution of actual and potential production zones for Arabica coffee, their productivity levels and predicted potential yields. We used a geographic information system (GIS) for a weighted overlay analysis to assess the major production zones of Arabica coffee and their qualitative productivity indices. Actual coffee yields were measured in the field and were used to assess potential productivity zones and yields using ordinary kriging with ArcGIS software. The production of coffee covers about 32 000 ha, or 2.3% of all cultivated land in the country. The major zones of production are the Kivu Lake Borders, Central Plateau, Eastern Plateau, and Mayaga agro-ecological zones, where coffee is mainly cultivated on moderate slopes. In the highlands, coffee is grown on steep slopes that can exceed 55%. About 21% percent of the country has a moderate yield potential, ranging between 1.0 and 1.6 t coffee ha−1, and 70% has a low yield potential (<1.0 t coffee ha−1). Only 9% of the country has a high yield potential of 1.6–2.4 t coffee ha−1. Those areas are found near Lake Kivu where the dominant soil Orders are Inceptisols and Ultisols. Moderate yield potential is found in the Birunga (volcano), Congo-Nile watershed Divide, Impala and Imbo zones. Low-yield regions (<1 t ha−1) occur in the eastern semi-dry lowlands, Central Plateau, Eastern Plateau, Buberuka Highlands, and Mayaga zones. The weighted overlay analysis and ordinary kriging indicated a large spatial variability of potential productivity indices. Increasing the area and productivity of coffee in Rwanda thus has considerable potential.
Children's practice of computer-based composition1

Today's children live in a world where music in all its different forms has become a significant factor in their everyday life. This article describes a 2-year empirical study of nine 8-year-old Swedish children creating music with synthesiser and computer software. The aim of the study is to describe and clarify the creative processes of computer-based composition. The tasks given to the children were framed as invitations to create music to different pictures. Computer MIDI-files were systematically collected covering the sequence of the composition processes step by step: observations were made of their work; and interviews were carried out with each of the participants. In the analysis, five variations of the practise of composing were identified, each with a different object in the foreground of the activity: (i) the synthesiser and computer; (ii) personal fantasies and emotions; (iii) the playing of the instrument; (iv) the music itself; and (v) the task. The findings of the present study also give evidence that young children are able to create music with form and structure.
Appraisal Determinants of Emotions: Constructing a More Accurate and Comprehensive Theory

In order to move toward a more accurate, complete, and integrative theory of the causes of emotions, empirical evidence relevant to a recently proposed appraisal theory was examined, and hypotheses from several alternative appraisal theories were compared and tested. Given questions that focused on the cognitive causes of emotions rather than their phenomenological contents, 182 subjects rated the appraisal determinants of emotion experiences that they recalled. Results suggest that appraisals of unexpectedness (not unexpected/unexpected), situational state (motive-inconsistent/motiveconsistent), motivational state (aversive/appetitive), probability (uncertain/ certain), control potential (low/high), problem source (non-characterological/characterological factors), and agency (circumstances/other person/self), differentiate a large number of widely-discussed emotions. These results are used to formulate a revised, empirically grounded, and more comprehensive model that specifies which appraisals cause 17 .
Impact of Coil Embolization on Overall Management and Outcome of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE:We report on the consequences of introducing coil embolization for the total management of and outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS:In southern Sweden, a prospective analysis of all patients with SAH of verified aneurysmal origin was conducted during the 3 years when coiling was gradually being introduced. The incidence of acute or chronic hydrocephalus, vasospasm, delayed ischemic deterioration, and outcome at 3 to 6 months after bleeding was analyzed. RESULTS:Coiling of aneurysms was used progressively more compared with clipping during the study period. The number of patients subjected to coiling was 26 (36%) of 73 patients during calendar year 1997, 43 (53%) of 81 patients in 1999, and 55 (74%) of 74 patients in 2001 (P < 0.0001). Gradually, more elderly patients were admitted during the study period. Virtually all aneurysms located in the posterior circulation were treated by coil embolization, even at the start of the study, whereas aneurysms at all other locations were progressively more likely to be treated similarly. The incidence of hydrocephalus in the acute (average for all 3 yr, 39%) or chronic (16%) phase, vasospasm as measured by Doppler sonography (33%), and delayed ischemic deterioration (29%), as well as outcome at 3 to 6 months (61% good recovery, 13% deceased), did not change significantly during the study. The main cause of unfavorable outcome was the severity of the SAH. CONCLUSION:The increasing use of coil embolization for ruptured aneurysms in the anterior circulation did not have any significant impact on the overall incidence of SAH-related complications or outcome. The main determinant for outcome after SAH is still the severity of the SAH.
Responding to a 'Conquistadora': Readers talk about gender in Mexican secondary schools

Mexican classroom practices (reinforced by social convention) prescribe approved responses to historical and fictional characters in literature, mobilizing powerful preconceptions of gender. Although students may attempt to resist or subvert these representations, their opinions usually remain unexpressed. This paper presents the results of a study on gender and reading in Mexican secondary schools which also attempted to provide a space for readers to voice their own responses. Year 8 students were interviewed about an adolescent novel that relates the adventures of Maria de Estrada, a female conquistador . Analysis of the qualitative data drew upon poststructuralist and feminist criticism, together with reader-response theory, to consider conceptions about gender, the dynamics between the reader and the text and the expression of response. Results revealed some of the young people's concerns and anxieties about gender issues and how their understanding of these is constantly subjected to modifications by the media, education and life experiences. It is suggested that because students were also found to be aware of possible shifts in gender patterns, the discussion of alternative texts and characters could stimulate their critical skills and encourage them to become more vocal.