Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The dense multiple-vector tensor-vector product: An initial study

The product of a dense tensor with a vector in every mode except one, called a tensor-vector product, is a key operation in several algorithms for computing the canonical tensor decomposition. In these applications, it is even more common to compute a tensor-vector product with the same tensor and r concurrently available sets of vectors, an operation we refer to as a multiple-vector tensor-vector product (MTVP). Current techniques for implementing these operations rely on explicitly reordering the elements of the tensor in order to leverage available matrix libraries. This approach has two significant disadvantages: reordering the data can be expensive if only a small number of concurrent sets of vectors is available in the MTVP, and this requires excessive amounts of additional memory. In this work, we consider two techniques resolving these issues. Successive contractions are proposed to eliminate explicit data reordering, while blocking tackles the excessive memory consumption. The numerical experiments on a wide variety of tensor shapes indicate the effectiveness of these optimizations, clearly illustrating that the additional memory consumption can be limited to tolerable amounts, generally without sacrificing expeditious execution. For several fourth-order tensors, the additional memory requirements were three orders of magnitude smaller than competing implementations, while throughputs of upward of 75% of the peak performance of the computer system can be attained for large values of r.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF BRIGHT-RIMMED CLOUDS

A new radiative driven implosion (RDI) model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics technique is developed and applied to investigate the morphological evolutions of molecular clouds under the effect of ionizing radiation. This model self-consistently includes the self-gravity of the cloud in the hydrodynamical evolution, the UV radiation component in the radiation transferring equations, the relevant heating and cooling mechanisms in the energy evolution, and a comprehensive chemical network. The simulation results reveal that under the effect of ionizing radiation, a molecular cloud may evolve through different evolutionary sequences. Depending on its initial gravitational state, the evolution of a molecular cloud does not necessarily follow a complete morphological evolution sequence from type A→B→C, as described by previous RDI models. When confronted with observations, the simulation results provide satisfactory physical explanations for a series of puzzles derived from bright-rimmed clouds observations. The consistency of the modeling results with observations shows that the self-gravity of a molecular cloud should not be neglected in any investigation on the dynamical evolution of molecular clouds when they are exposed to ionizing radiation.
THE HUBBLE SEQUENCE BEYOND z = 2 FOR MASSIVE GALAXIES: CONTRASTING LARGE STAR-FORMING AND COMPACT QUIESCENT GALAXIES

We present Hubble Space Telescope NIC2 morphologies of a spectroscopic sample of massive galaxies at z ∼ 2.3 by extending our sample of 9 compact quiescent galaxies (re ∼ 0.9 kpc) with 10 massive emission-line galaxies. The emission-line galaxies are classified by the nature of their ionized emission; there are six star-forming galaxies and four galaxies hosting an active galactic nucleus (AGN). The star-forming galaxies are the largest among the emission-line galaxies, with a median size of re = 2.8 kpc. The three galaxies with the highest star formation rates (≳100 M☉ yr−1) have irregular and clumpy morphologies. The AGN host galaxies are more similar to the compact quiescent galaxies in terms of their structures (re ∼ 1.1 kpc) and spectral energy distributions. The total sample clearly separates into two classes in a color–mass diagram: the large star-forming galaxies that form the blue cloud, and the compact quiescent galaxies on the red sequence. However, it is unclear how or even if the two classes are evolutionary related. Three out of six massive star-forming galaxies have dense cores and thus may passively evolve into compact galaxies due to fading of outer star-forming regions. For these galaxies, a reverse scenario in which compact galaxies grow inside-out by star formation is also plausible. We do caution though that the sample is small. Nonetheless, it is evident that a Hubble sequence of massive galaxies with strongly correlated galaxy properties is already in place at z > 2.
Emigration of Highly Skilled Labor: Determinants & Impacts

This is an additional contribution to the large body of literature developed in the area of economics of skilled labor migration. It focuses on two major objectives that are the determinants of the migration and its likely impacts on developing economies. Within the framework of the new economics of skilled labor migration, this research has attempted to test empirically the relevance of some components of the most recent new economic models of skilled labor migration. Using available data from international organizations (World Bank, OECD, UNESCO…) and others, in both regressions analyzes and economic simulations, hypotheses have been tested and directions of empirical results identified for larger policy discussions. The theoretical models that have been given priority in these empirical investigations are mainly those of Beine & al, Stark (2005) & al, N. Duc Thanh (2004) and M. Schiff (2005). A major focus has been placed on the models suggested by Duc Thanh (2004) where useful specifications of the functional forms were made. This selected framework uses the similarities that have been observed between this model and that of Stark and Schiff. The empirical results that have been obtained confirm the role of relative wages, the availability of better opportunities such as jobs, the importance of the living conditions as well as the existence of more attractive working conditions in destination countries relative to source economies. Concerning the estimation of the impacts of skilled labor migrations for both developed and developing economies, the specifications have followed Beine, Stark and Duc Thanh models with special emphasis placed on this latter. Given the dynamic nature of Beine’s model and with the limits on the available time series, significant empirical results are obtained and tests of Beine’s propositions achieved. The regressions results using the subcomponent of the knowledge economic index have shown significantly the effects of both domestic education and the attractiveness of foreign relative wages as major determinants that support the explanation of the level of knowledge added by the tertiary sector in each economy. In the sense of these estimations, it appears clearly that any economy is under two major opposite effects. On one hand, there is the relative share of investment in education that affects positively the human capital formation in any country but with higher impact in developing economies. On the other hand, there is the magnitude of the relative wages that negatively affect the performance of developing economies as measured by the subcomponent of the knowledge economic index. These results have been first confirmed through regression analysis. These preliminary findings suggest that local, national, regional and international economic policies consider the new theoretical and empirical trends shown so far by these results.
Clinical features and treatment outcomes of Hodgkin's lymphoma in Hong Kong Chinese

Introduction Little information is available on the outcomes of Hodgkin's lymphoma in Chinese patients. We analyzed the clinical and histopathological characteristics, treatment types, clinical course and treatment outcomes of Hong Kong Chinese patients. Material and methods Patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosed from January 1991 to December 2010 were recruited. A retrospective analysis of these patients was performed. Results Sixty-seven Chinese patients (38 males and 29 females) were identified and the median age was 36 (range 16–80). Nodular sclerosis was the most common histology (54%), followed by mixed cellularity (36%). Twenty-four patients had early favorable, 20 patients had early unfavorable and 23 patients had advanced-stage diseases. The most common presentation was palpable lymph node or mass (85%) followed by fever, weight loss, night sweating and mediastinal mass. Ninety percent of patients received chemotherapy and 40% received radiotherapy as consolidation. Seven patients with stage I lymphoma received radiotherapy alone. ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine) was the most commonly used chemotherapeutic regimen. Following treatment, 87% of patients achieved complete remission. Six patients relapsed after first remission and 3 achieved second remission after re-induction therapy. The 5-year overall survival of the entire cohort was 89% and the freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) at 5 years was 82%. The 5-year overall survival rate for early favorable, early unfavorable and advanced stages was 95.7%, 95.0% and 74.7%, respectively. Conclusions Despite the relatively low incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma in Hong Kong Chinese, the treatment outcomes are comparable to Caucasian patients.
Compact trie clustering for overlap detection in news

We investigate document clustering through adaptation of Zamir and Etzioni’s approach to online web document clustering. Speciﬁcally we generalize the Sufﬁx Tree Clustering method to allow for a wider range of clustering techniques. We apply the modiﬁed technique to a corpus of news articles improving precision by 29% while running 8% faster than the original algorithm.
Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in and after the Soviet Union: The Mind Aflame

Introduction The Feel of the Game PART ONE: GENERAL APPROACHES AND ISSUES Ethnicity in the Soviet and Post-Soviet Context Soviet Ethnic Engineering Success and Failure Ethno-Politics in a Time of Transition Territories, Resources and Power Cultures and Languages in Conflict PART TWO: CASE STUDIES The Russians are Leaving Central Asia and Kazakhstan The Culture of Ethnic Violence The Osh Conflict The Anatomy of Ethnic Violence The Ingush-Ossetian Conflict Ambition and the Arrogance of Power The Chechen War (Part I) Ambition and the Arrogance of Power The Chechen War (Part II) PART THREE: GOVERNING CONFLICTING ETHNICITY Post-Soviet Nationalism What is Rossia? Identities in Transition Strategies for Ethnic Accord in Post-Soviet States PART FOUR: CONCLUSION: DESTROYING REALITY THROUGH THEORY (OR 'BACK TO THE IVORY TOWERS')
Superoxide production in rat hippocampal neurons: selective imaging with hydroethidine

Digital-imaging microfluorimetry of the oxidation of hydroethidine (HEt) to ethidium can be used to monitor superoxide (O2-) production selectively within individual rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons in culture and in brain slices. Under assay conditions, oxidation was not accomplished by hydroxyl radical, singlet O2, H2O2, or nitrogen radicals. Neuronal O2- production varied with metabolic activity and age. O2- generation increased after treatment with AMPA, kainic acid, and NMDA, and the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonylcyanide p- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl hydrazone, but usually not after depolarization (50 mM K+). O2- concentrations were sensitive to scavengers and nitric oxide. HEt oxidation was higher in Ca(2+)- containing versus Ca(2+)-free saline. However, Ca2+ ionophores did not increase oxidation greatly. H2O2 application produced a secondary increase in O2-. The major source of O2- under basal and stimulated conditions appeared to be the mitochondria. Consistent with this, ethidium staining in dendrites was punctate, colocalized with mitochondria, and blocked by CN-.
A continuum of premature death. Meta-analysis of competing mortality in the psychosocially vulnerable.

BACKGROUND Suicide may be an extreme expression of liability to death of any type. If true, suicide risk factors should also increase other mortality, and, given exposure, excess risk should be higher for suicide than for other mortality. METHODS Of 304 publications identified in Index Medicus (1966-June 1988) by the string (suicide) and (mortality or death) and (accidental or natural), 24 reported total and cause-specific mortality associated with exposure to 16 established suicide risk factors; reference scanning yielded 122 more. These 146 publications reported on 163 cohorts (total subjects = 1179 126) mortality. Meta-analysis gave random effects standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for natural, accidental and suicidal death, stratified over the 16 risk groups. RESULTS Overall, SMR were 8.6 (95% CI : 7.1-10.4) for suicide, 3.4 (95% CI : 2.9-4.0) for accidental and 2.1 (95% CI : 1.9-2.3) for natural death. Compatible with the first hypothesis, in most groups, mortality of any type was raised. Supporting the second hypothesis, excesses increased from lowest for natural death to highest for suicide. This trend was most pronounced following deliberate self-harm, intermediate in substance abusers, and weakest, but present, in bereaved and low social class cohorts and reversed in smokers and epileptic people. CONCLUSIONS Many suicide risks apply to any type of premature death, whilst also retaining some specificity for suicide. Primary prevention, targeting such generic risk factors, will not only reduce rates of suicide but also of other types of death. Conversely, when prevention focuses on specific outcomes-such as suicide-only, other types of mortality may increase.
WW Domain Folding Complexity Revealed by Infrared Spectroscopy

Although the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of proteins offers a convenient probe of protein folding, interpretation of the fluorescence spectrum is often difficult because it is sensitive to both global and local changes. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy offers a complementary measure of structural changes involved in protein folding, because it probes changes in the secondary structure of the protein backbone. Here we demonstrate the advantages of using multiple probes, infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy, to study the folding of the FBP28 WW domain. Laser-induced temperature jumps coupled with fluorescence or infrared spectroscopy have been used to probe changes in the peptide backbone on the submillisecond time scale. The relaxation dynamics of the β-sheets and β-turn were measured independently by probing the corresponding IR bands assigned in the amide I region. Using these wavelength-dependent measurements, we observe three kinetics phases, with the fastest process corresponding to the relaxation kinetics of the turns. In contrast, fluorescence measurements of the wild-type WW domain and tryptophan mutants exhibit single-exponential kinetics with a lifetime that corresponds to the slowest phase observed by infrared spectroscopy. Mutant sequences provide evidence of an intermediate dry molten globule state. The slowest step in the folding of this WW domain is the tight packing of the side chains in the transition from the dry molten globule intermediate to the native structure. This study demonstrates that using multiple complementary probes enhances the interpretation of protein folding dynamics.
Using Increases in Criminal Deportees from the US to Estimate the Effect of Crime on Economic Growth and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean

Previous empirical studies have uncovered little evidence that crime hinders development, possibly due to simultaneity problems. This paper uses the increase in criminal deportees from the US as an instrumental variable to identify the causal effect of crime on economic growth and development. An increase in the number of criminal deportees received by a country is shown to substantially increase that country’s homicide rate. Using panel data for a sample of 30 Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries, I show that the increase in crime is becoming a major obstacle to growth and development in the region.
Density Contrast Sedimentation Velocity for the Determination of Protein Partial-Specific Volumes

The partial-specific volume of proteins is an important thermodynamic parameter required for the interpretation of data in several biophysical disciplines. Building on recent advances in the use of density variation sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation for the determination of macromolecular partial-specific volumes, we have explored a direct global modeling approach describing the sedimentation boundaries in different solvents with a joint differential sedimentation coefficient distribution. This takes full advantage of the influence of different macromolecular buoyancy on both the spread and the velocity of the sedimentation boundary. It should lend itself well to the study of interacting macromolecules and/or heterogeneous samples in microgram quantities. Model applications to three protein samples studied in either H2O, or isotopically enriched H2 18O mixtures, indicate that partial-specific volumes can be determined with a statistical precision of better than 0.5%, provided signal/noise ratios of 50–100 can be achieved in the measurement of the macromolecular sedimentation velocity profiles. The approach is implemented in the global modeling software SEDPHAT.
Paracheck-pf® Test Versus Microscopy in the Diagnosis of Falciparum Malaria in Arbaminch Zuria Woreda of South Ethiopia

Background Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Rapid diagnostic tests such as Paracheck Pf are the major tools for falciparum malaria diagnosis as an alternative to microscopy in peripheral health facilities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Paracheck Pf against microscopy for diagnosis of P.falciparum infection and observe the persistence of the antigen for an elongated period. Methods Cross sectional study was undertaken in Arbaminch Zuria at Shele health center from October 2008 to January 2009. Paracheck-Pf versus microscopy comparison was done in conjunction with an artemisinin-based combination therapy efficacy monitoring for a period of 28 days. Standard microscopic procedures were done by experienced laboratory technicians and paracheck-Pf was performed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction. Results out of 1293 examined blood films, 400(31%) were found to be malaria positive. Considering microscopy as the gold standard, paracheck-pf showed sensitivity of 94.1 %( 95%CI: 89.9–98.3%) and specificity of 80.0% (95%CI: 67.6–92.4%). The positive and negative predictive values were 93.3 %( 95%CI: 88.8–97.8%) and 82.1% (95%CI: 70–94.1%), respectively. Comparing microscopy results 98.7 % (79/80), 60% (48/80), 48.1% (37/77), and 44.6 %( 33/74) were also found to be positive by paracheck-pf at days7, 14, 21, and 28, respectively. Conclusion Paracheck Pf® has a comparable diagnostic performance in detecting P. falciparum infections through the persistence of frequent false positivity is a limitation. Thus, this diagnostic test is not appropriate for monitoring of treatment effect.
The Effects of Housing Push Factors and Rent Expectations on Household Formation of Young Adults

Following a group of young adults aged 25â€“34 living with their parents in the American Housing Survey (AHS) data from 1985 through 1995, this paper investigates the effect of overcrowding and neighborhood satisfaction on household formation after controlling for local rental levels and their changes over time. Most of these except for local rent levels have not been tested before in models and hence this study enriches the knowledge on household formation and its consequent potential demand for rental and ownership housing units.
Sustainable solutions to homelessness: the Scottish Case

> > _ In the post-1997 period of devolved government to Scotland, both housing and homelessness have been high on the pol icy agenda. A Homelessness Task Force reviewed longstanding homelessness policy and legislation. The Scottish Executive fully accepted the recommendations of the Task Force and instigated an implementation programme to 2012, by which time there would be a duty on local authorities to ensure housing for all homeless households. This target, and the broader strategy for tackling and preventing homelessness, was held up as an exemplar for the rest of Europe. Five years into a ten year programme, this paper will examine progress on implementation and consider the potential for policy transfer with reference to other European countries. The paper will summarise the process of policy review and the key recommendations of the Homelessness Task Force which reported in 2002. It will then examine the legislative and other policy instruments adopted to ensure implementation, prior to assessing progress and the mechanisms in place to monitor and evaluate outcomes. Finally, the paper will raise some questions with regard to possible lessons for other countries seeking to tackle homelessness. Conclusions will reflect on the sustainability and transferability of the Scottish approach to homelessness and whether Scotland might also learn from its European neighbours1.
Angiomotin-like2 Gene (amotl2) Is Required for Migration and Proliferation of Endothelial Cells during Angiogenesis*

Background: Amotl2 is expressed in blood vessels, but its function in vasculature formation is unknown. Results: Amotl2 knockdown impairs intersegmental vessel growth in zebrafish embryos and in vitro tube formation of human endothelial cells. Conclusion: Amotl2 is required for angiogenesis by regulating cell polarity, migration, and proliferation in a way related to MAPK activation. Significance: Amotl2 plays important roles in regulating multiple behaviors of endothelial cells during angiogenesis. Angiogenesis involves sprouting, migration, and proliferation of endothelial cells. The angiomotin-like2 gene (amotl2) has been found in blood vessels in zebrafish embryos, but its function in angiogenesis and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that knockdown of amotl2 in zebrafish Tg(fli1:EGFP)y1 and Tg(fli1:nEGFP)y7 transgenic embryos impairs the intersegmental vessel growth and suppresses proliferation of endothelial cells. Transplantation experiments indicate that function of amotl2 in intersegmental vessel growth is cell-autonomous. AMOTL2 knockdown in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells also inhibits cell proliferation and migration and disrupts cell polarity, ultimately interrupting the formation of vascular tube-like structures. Amotl2 promotes MAPK/ERK activation via c-Src, which is dependent on phosphorylation of tyrosine residue at position 103 but independent of the C-terminal PDZ-binding domain. Taking together, our data indicate that Amotl2 plays a pivotal role in polarity, migration and proliferation of angiogenic endothelial cells.
CANTATAdb: A Collection of Plant Long Non-Coding RNAs

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a class of potent regulators of gene expression that are found in a wide array of eukaryotes; however, our knowledge about these molecules in plants is still very limited. In particular, a number of model plant species still lack comprehensive data sets of lncRNAs and their annotations, and very little is known about their biological roles. To meet these shortcomings, we created an online database of lncRNAs in 10 model plant species. The lncRNAs were identified computationally using dozens of publicly available RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) libraries. Expression values, coding potential, sequence alignments as well as other types of data provide annotation for the identified lncRNAs. In order to better characterize them, we investigated their potential roles in splicing modulation and deregulation of microRNA functions. The data are freely available for searching, browsing and downloading from an online database called CANTATAdb (http://cantata.amu.edu.pl, http://yeti.amu.edu.pl/CANTATA/).