Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gene expression profiles differentiating between breast cancers clinically responsive or resistant to letrozole.

PURPOSE Endocrine agents, such as letrozole, are established in the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer. However, response rates are only 50% to 70% in the neoadjuvant setting and lower in advanced disease. Thus there is a need to identify novel markers predicting for response and to understand molecular mechanisms of resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sequential tumor biopsies were taken before and after 10 to 14 days of neoadjuvant treatment with letrozole in patients with estrogen receptor-rich breast cancer. Expression profiles on high-density microarray chips were then related to clinical responses as assessed from tumor volume measurements after 3 months of treatment. RESULTS Of 52 patients, 37 (71%) were classified as having a clinical response to letrozole and 15 being clinically resistant. Bioinformatic analysis identified 205 covariables (69 baseline expression, 45 day 14 expression, and 91 change in expression with treatment) which differentiated between clinical responders and nonresponders. Hierarchical clustering using the variables separated responders and nonresponders into two distinct groups. Ontological assessment indicated that discriminating genes were enriched toward cellular biosynthetic processes. In particular, functional gene assessment showed ribosomal protein probes to have higher baseline expression in tumors responsive to letrozole and increased expression with treatment in nonresponding cases. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe genetic covariables and molecular processes discriminating between tumors clinically responsive and resistant to an aromatase inhibitor. The understanding of such molecular phenotypes will be important in optimizing the clinical use of aromatase inhibitors, both in terms of identifying responsive breast cancers and developing new agents to target resistance pathways.
Hate crimes in Pennsylvania, 1984–99: Case characteristics and police responses

To gain a better understanding of factors related to the occurrence and processing of hate crimes, we examined 2,031 hate-crime incidents reported to the Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission from 1984 to 1998. The results of multilevel random coefficient analyses indicated that the frequency and severity of hate incidents, as well as police involvement in response to hate crimes, were significantly related to individual-and community-level influences. Furthermore, some characteristics of victims, offenders, and offenses were significant predictors of local police involvement, the composition of a county's population moderated the processing of hate crimes. Implications for reporting, policy, and future research on hate crimes are discussed.
Men's Sex-Dominance Inhibition: Do Men Automatically Refrain From Sexually Dominant Behavior?

Men receive conflicting messages about their sexual roles in heterosexual relationships. Men are socialized to initiate and direct sexual activities with women; yet societal norms also proscribe the sexual domination and coercion of women. The authors test these competing hypotheses by assessing whether men inhibit the link between sex and dominance. In Studies 1a and b, using a subliminal priming procedure embedded in a lexical decision task, the authors demonstrate that men automatically suppress the concept of dominance following exposure to subliminal sex primes relative to neutral primes. In Studies 2 and 3, the authors show that men who are less likely to perceive sexual assertiveness as necessary, to refrain from dominant sexual behavior, and who do not invest in masculine gender ideals are more likely to inhibit dominant thoughts following sex primes. Implications for theories of automatic cognitive networks and gender-based sexual roles are discussed.
How does negative mood affect turnover intention? The interactive effect of self-monitoring and conflict perception

We propose that conflict perception mediates the relationship between negative mood and turnover intention and that trait self-monitoring is a moderator of this mediated relationship. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a repetitive-measure survey over 3 months with a total of 234 observations. We used a two-level hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) technique with measures of the previous time interval as controls. Our findings supported our hypothesis: for high self-monitors, the higher the person’s negative mood, the more frequent his or her perceived workgroup conflict, which results in a higher intention to leave. This relationship does not occur for low self-monitors. We conclude that, although negative mood may activate perceptions of negative work experiences, it leads to differential attitudinal outcomes for high versus low self-monitors.
La soddisfazione lavorativa e per la vita di medici e infermieri ospedalieri: relazioni con il senso di appartenenza all’azienda ospedaliera, le percezioni di efficacia collettiva e il sostegno sociale percepito

Questo lavoro si e posto l’obiettivo di indagare la relazione tra soddisfazione lavorativa, efficacia collettiva percepita riferita alla comunicazione ospedaliera e senso di appartenenza all’azienda in operatori sanitari ospedalieri evidenziando anche le differenze di genere, di ruolo (medici vs infermieri) e per azienda di afferenza. Ulteriore obiettivo e stato quello di indagare la relazione tra le variabili summenzionate riferite al contesto lavorativo e variabili riconducibili alla sfera personale, quali la soddisfazione per la vita e la percezione di sostegno familiare e amicale. Hanno partecipato 180 operatori sanitari equamente distribuiti per ruolo e afferenti a tre strutture sanitarie campane, differenti in termini di risorse e infrastrutture. Agli operatori e stato somministrato un questionario self-report per rilevare le variabili oggetto di studio. I risultati hanno evidenziato una relazione positiva e significativa tra la soddisfazione lavorativa e tutte le variabili considerate. Per quel che riguarda le differenze tra gruppi, effetti significativi sono emersi dall’effetto principale del ruolo e dell’azienda ospedaliera di afferenza. Si e riscontrato inoltre un effetto multivariato significativo dell’interazione tra "Ruolo e Azienda Ospedaliera di afferenza". La ricerca qui presentata ha sottolineato il ruolo del senso di appartenenza e dell’efficacia collettiva riferita alla comunicazione per il benessere personale e professionale degli operatori, evidenziando inoltre la necessita di interventi differenziati per ruolo e per contesto.
City mesh - Resilient first responder communication

Communication between first responders is vital to the success of large scale disaster management. But communication technologies used by first responders today do not scale well due to heterogeneity, point-to- point connections, and centralized communication structures. As the popularity of devices equipped with Wi-Fi grows, the number of access points (APs) in city centers increases as well. This communication infrastructure exists and should be used in city wide disasters as it is readily available in areas with high population density. In this paper, we investigate Wi-Fi access points in 5 major cities deployed in stores, bars, and restaurants. We want to answer the question if these APs can be used as a mesh networking backbone in disaster response. The main contributions of this paper are (i) the surveyed and analyzed public Wi-Fi layout of five major cities and (ii) the connectivity analysis of the city wide network topology.
Brugada Syndrome Phenotype Elimination by Epicardial Substrate Ablation

Background—Whether Brugada syndrome (BrS) depends on functional epicardial substrates, which may be definitively eliminated by radiofrequency ablation, remains unknown. Methods and Results—Patients with BrS underwent epicardial mapping to identify areas of abnormal electrograms as target for radiofrequency ablation. Substrate identification consisted in mapping right ventricle epicardial surface before and after flecainide (2 mg/kg per 10 minutes). After radiofrequency ablation, flecainide and remap confirmed elimination of abnormal substrate, BrS ECG pattern, and ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation inducibility. Flecainide testing was performed at each follow-up visits ⩽6 months. Fourteen patients with BrS, median age 39 years (30.3–42.3) with implantable cardioverter–defibrillator were enrolled. Low-voltage areas (<1.5 mV) were commonly identified on the anterior right free wall and right ventricular outflow tract, which increased after flecainide from 17.6 cm2 (12.1–24.2) to 28.5 cm2 (21.6–30.2; P=0.001). Similarly, areas with abnormal electrograms increased after flecainide from 19.0 (17.5–23.6) to 27.3 cm2 (24.0–31.2; P=0.001). After 23.8 minutes (18.1–28.5) of radiofrequency ablation, abnormal electrograms disappeared, whereas low-voltage areas were replaced by scar areas (<0.5 mV) of 25.9 cm2 (19.6–31.0). Substrate elimination resulted in BrS ECG pattern disappearance and no ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation inducibility without complications. After a median follow-up of 5 months (3.8–5.3), ECG remained normal despite flecainide. Conclusions—In patients with BrS, there is a relationship between abnormal ECG pattern, the extent of abnormal epicardial substrate, and ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation inducibility. Ablation of the substrate identified in the presence of flecainide can eliminate the BrS phenotype and warrants further study.
Event-related potentials and cognition: A critique of the context updating hypothesis and an alternative interpretation of P3

Abstract P3 is the most prominent of the electrical potentials of the human electroencephalogram that are sensitive to psychological variables. According to the most influential current hypothesis about its psychological significance [E. Donchin's], the “context updating” hypothesis, P3 reflects the updating of working memory. This hypothesis cannot account for relevant portions of the available evidence and it entails some basic contradictions. A more general formulation of this hypothesis is that P3 reflects the updating of expectancies. This version implies that P3-evoking stimuli are initially unexpected but later become expected. This contradiction cannot be resolved within this formulation. The alternative “context closure” hypothesis retains the concept of “strategic information processing” emphasized by the context updating hypothesis. P3s are evoked by events that are awaited when subjects deal with repetitive, highly structured tasks; P3s arise from subjects' combining successive stimuli into larger units. The tasks in which P3s are elicited can accordingly be classified in terms of their respective formal sequences of stimuli. P3 may be a physiological indicator of excess activation being released from perceptual control areas.
Neuropsychological Functioning in Patients with Asymptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

&NA; Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has an affinity for the central nervous system and has been implicated in a variety of neurological impairments. Analysis of cognitive functioning in children with asymptomatic congenital CMV infection, however, has revealed no general intellectual deficits. The present study was designed to explore neuropsychological test performance in these children, compared with healthy control subjects, providing data from more sensitive measures of neurocognitive functioning. The sample consisted of 109 children diagnosed with asymptomatic congenital CMV infection and 173 control subjects who were compared on tests measuring various aspects of perceptual and motor functioning, memory, problem solving, and traditional intelligence measures. Young (41NDASH6 yr) control patients performed significantly better on the Full‐Scale but not the Verbal or Performance intelligence quotient (IQ) measures than patients with asymptomatic congenital CMV infection, without accompanying consistent neuropsychological performance differences. However, no IQ or neuropsychological differences were found between groups of older children. The present study adds to the existing literature finding no reliable, lasting differences in IQ scores and adds to our knowledge by finding no reliable, lasting differences in neuropsychological test performance.
Generating Thrust with a Biologically-Inspired Robotic Ribbon Fin

We present experimental results of thrust produced by a robotic propulsor, the design of which is inspired by the ribbon fin of the South American black ghost knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons). This remarkably nimble fish moves by oscillating its ribbon fin rays out of phase and thereby passing a traveling wave along the fin's length. Combinations of thrust from the ribbon fin and body rolls produced by the two pectoral fins enable the black ghost to swim in nearly any direction without bending its body. The fish's agile locomotor system is tightly integrated with its omnidirectional, active sensing system. The robotic ribbon fin has eight individually actuated metal rays which are linked by a thin latex sheet. The experimental results demonstrate the effect of varying the propulsive wave's frequency, amplitude and length on the robotic fin's thrust production. We found that thrust production peaks at particular combinations of the three variables and that the fin could produce steady forward thrust, despite the relatively small number of rays. The robotic ribbon fin has potential application as a propulsor for future underwater vehicles, in addition to being a valuable scientific instrument in understanding the swimming mechanics of the black ghost and similar fish
Mentoring and Organisational Constraints as Predictors of Attitudes to Work in the Nigerian Public Health Sector

The present study examines work attitudes in the public health sector using the relative impact of mentoring and organisational constraints on job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Data was collected from 161 employees in a large government-owned hospital in south western Nigeria. Results of the hierarchical regression analysis (which controlled for the effects of relevant covariates) showed that when informal mentoring and perceived organisational constraints were entered in the second step, R2 for organisational commitment and job satisfaction increased from . 17 to . 45 (p = < .001), and from . 15 to . 49 (p = < .001), respectively. These findings suggest that work attitudes in the public health sector can be improved by facilitating mentoring relationships and removing organisational obstacles. The implications of these findings for policy formulation and effective health care delivery are explained.
Turbulence statistics in fully developed channel flow at low Reynolds number

A direct numerical simulation of a turbulent channel flow is performed. The unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically at a Reynolds number of 3300, based on the mean centreline velocity and channel half-width, with about 4 × 106 grid points (192 × 129 × 160 in x, y, z). All essential turbulence scales are resolved on the computational grid and no subgrid model is used. A large number of turbulence statistics are computed and compared with the existing experimental data at comparable Reynolds numbers. Agreements as well as discrepancies are discussed in detail. Particular attention is given to the behaviour of turbulence correlations near the wall. In addition, a number of statistical correlations which are complementary to the existing experimental data are reported for the first time.
An Analysis of the Correspondence between Imagined Interaction Attributes and Functions.

Imagined interaction (II) theory has been productive for communication and social cognition scholarship. There is, however, a yet untested assumption within II theory that the 8 attributes are related to all 6 functions and that II functions can be compared and contrasted in terms of II attributes. In addition, there is little research exploring the multidimensional nature of functions and attributes. This article tests the internal structure of II theory by investigating the relations among functions and attributes in 2 studies. Both studies revealed complex associations between the attributes and functions of IIs and provide partial confirmatory evidence for the theory. The discussion integrates findings from these 2 studies and provides avenues for future research.
The Grief Process as a Social Construct

The grief process was observed as a social construct during a 1981–82 field study of three widows support groups in Phoenix, Arizona. The grief process was accepted by widows and professionals as a fact that was not contestable. They shared the image of a survivor as a wayfarer through the territory of grief, and the grief process was seen as an aid for the widow on her journey. There were two forms of aid: as a timetable and as a guide. As a timetable, the grief process was a list of points of demarcation along the way with specified times for reaching each. Used as a timetable, the grief process contributed to widows' distress and concern about time and events. As a guide, the grief process was a series of sign posts the traveler could notice along the way to gauge her progress through grief; differences and changes were indicated over time but no appropriate durations were stipulated. Used as a guide, the grief process contributed to rebuilding widows' previously easy definition and placement of events within the flow of time. The investigator pointed out that the grief process was originally the product of scholarly writers and that these findings have implications for interactions among widows, popular writers, professionals, and researchers.
Chemoprotective potential of Coccinia indica against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity

Objective: Although cyclophosphamide (CP), an alkylating agent, is used in the treatment of cancer owing to its broad-spectrum efficacy, its metabolites exhibit severe undesired toxicities in normal cells. The present study was aimed to investigate the chemoprotective potential of Coccinia indica against CP-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Rodents were orally pre-treated with Coccinia indica extract (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) for five consecutive days. On 5th day, these animals were injected with CP (50 mg/kg i.p) and sacrificed after 24 hrs. for the evaluation of oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, micronucleus formation, and chromosomal aberrations. Results: We found that the CP significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased catalase and glutathione (GSH) levels in brain, and it was significantly reversed by Coccinia indica extract (400 and 600 mg/kg). Further, pre-treatment with Coccinia indica extract (200, 400, 600 mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently reduced micronuclei formation and incidence of aberrant cells. We also found that the CP-induced increase in the serum biomarker enzymes like alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alkaline aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly reduced by Coccinia indica extract. Conclusion: Thus, the present results indicate the protective effect of Coccinia indica extract against CP-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity, as well as hepatotoxicity.
Kidney-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Modulate Dendritic Cell Function to Suppress Alloimmune Responses and Delay Allograft Rejection

Background. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with immunoregulatory capacity that are present in most adult organs. We previously demonstrated that co-culture of C57BL/6 kidney-derived MSCs (KSCs) in syngeneic bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (DC) culture induced a DC phenotype (KSC-DC) with reduced major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II/increased CD80 expression and ability to suppress T-cell responses. Methods. To study their effects on allogeneic DCs, C57BL/6 KSCs were added to incipient BALB/c DC culture, with surface expression of MHC class II/CD80 measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The ability to stimulate T-cell responses was then assessed in an allogeneic mixed leukocyte response. Next, we isolated either BALB/c (donor) or C57BL/6 (recipient) KSC-DCs from co-culture and measured the tempo of rejection after cotransplantation with islet grafts in a mouse model of islet transplantation. Finally, we measured the effects of KSC-DC stimulation on B-cell proliferation and IgM/IgG production in allogeneic cultures. Results. C57BL/6 KSCs induced a BALB/c DC phenotype with significantly decreased MHC class II, increased CD80 expression, and decreased T-cell stimulatory capacity in the mixed leukocyte response (P<0.01 vs. control). Cotransplantation of donor (BALB/c) but not recipient (C57BL/6) KSC-DCs resulted in significant delay of rejection after islet transplantation (P<0.01 vs. control). Finally, stimulation by KSC-DCs resulted in significantly reduced B-cell proliferation and antibody production in allogeneic culture (P<0.01 vs. control). Conclusions. Our results highlight an important mechanism of MSC-based immunotherapy and its potential for use in clinical transplantation as prevention of rejection and possibly sensitization.
Examining Determinants of Efficacy Judgments as Factors in Health Promotion Message Design

Self-efficacy is a predictor of behavioral performance across a range of health domains, and research suggests that media messages can effectively boost efficacy; however, much is unknown regarding determinants of self-efficacy, and the message features with the greatest potential to alter efficacy perceptions. The authors of this article examined skill and motivation as determinants of efficacy and tested their effectiveness as message variables. Study 1 identified health behaviors that young adults felt unable to perform, as well as behavior barriers and facilitators. Study 2 isolated one behavior, exercise, and tested messages targeting either skill or motivation as a determinant of self-efficacy to exercise. Matched messages engendered greater general self-efficacy than unmatched messages, though no differences emerged on self-efficacy magnitude and strength measures. Follow-up data indicated that participants low in motivation exercised more than those low in skill regardless of message condition. Implications of these findings for health promotion efforts are discussed.
Cortical and subcortical glutathione levels in adults with autism spectrum disorder

Increased oxidative stress has been postulated to contribute to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, reports of alterations in oxidation markers including glutathione (GSH), the major endogenous antioxidant, are indirect, coming from blood plasma level measurements and postmortem studies. Therefore we used in‐vivo 3 Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ([1H]MRS) to directly measure GSH concentrations in the basal ganglia (BG) and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex of 21 normally intelligent adult males with ASD and 29 controls who did not differ in age or IQ. There was no difference in brain GSH between patients and controls in either brain area; neither did GSH levels correlate with measures of clinical severity in patients. Thus [1H]MRS measures of cortical and subcortical GSH are not a biomarker for ASD in intellectually able adult men. Autism Res 2016, 9: 429–435. © 2015 The Authors Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Autism Research.