Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The popularization and excommunication of Fred Hoyle's “life-from-space” theory

Fred Hoyle's life-from-space theory has been communicated by Hoyle and other commentators for nearly 50 years in a wide range of media, including science fiction and museums, as well as in the technical and popular press. This analysis uses Lewenstein's “web” model of science communication to demonstrate the connectedness of these media in a web within which life-from-space theory moves from niche to niche as different audiences become significant. Marginalization of the theory as a scientific idea meant a greater prominence in popular culture, and scientific approval made the public sphere redundant. On the basis of this case study, the paper assesses the value of the web as a research tool, and argues for science communication studies to look beyond traditional categories to embrace the wide variety of media and genres that contribute to the construction of science in the public.
Small Molecule Therapeutics Chloroquine Targets Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells via Inhibition of CXCR 4 and Hedgehog Signaling

Pancreaticductal adenocarcinoma isoneof thedeadliest carcinomasand is characterizedbyhighly tumorigenic and metastatic cancer stem cells (CSC). CSCs evade available therapies, which preferentially target highly proliferative and more differentiated progenies, leaving behind CSCs as a putative source for disease relapse. Thus, to identify potentiallymore effective treatment regimens,we screened established and new compounds for their ability to eliminateCSCs inprimarypancreatic cancer (stem) cells in vitro and correspondingpatient-derived pancreatic cancer tissue xenografts in vivo. Intriguingly, we found that in vitro treatment with the antimalarial agent chloroquine significantly decreased CSCs, translating into diminished in vivo tumorigenicity and invasiveness in a large panel of pancreatic cancers. In vivo treatment in combinationwith gemcitabine was capable of more effectively eliminating established tumors and improved overall survival. The inhibitory effect of chloroquinewasnot related to inhibitionofautophagy,butwasdue to inhibitionofCXCL12/CXCR4signaling, resulting in reducedphosphorylationofERKand STAT3. Furthermore, chloroquine showedpotent inhibition of hedgehog signaling bydecreasing theproductionof Smoothened, translating into a significant reduction in sonic hedgehoginduced chemotaxis and downregulation of downstream targets in CSCs and the surrounding stroma.Our study demonstrates that via to date unreported effects, chloroquine is an effective adjuvant therapy to chemotherapy, offeringmore efficient tumor elimination and improved cure rates. Chloroquine shouldbe further explored in the clinical setting as its success may help to more rapidly improve the poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(7); 1758–71. 2014 AACR.
Native language literacy and phonological memory as prerequisites for learning English as a foreign language

The aim of this study was to examine, with a longitudinal study design, the effects of phonological memory and native language (NL) literacy acquisition on learning English as a foreign language (FL). The subjects were 160 Finnish school children, who were 7-year-old first graders at the beginning of the study. Measures in the first grade were NL word recognition and listening comprehension; in the second grade, word recognition, reading comprehension, and phonological memory; and in the third grade, FL skills. The main result from the structural equation modeling was that both NL literacy and phonological memory have positive effects on FL learning. These skills explained 58% of the variance in English proficiency. Therefore, proficiency in NL literacy skills is highly significant for FL learning, although the orthographic regularity varied a lot (Finnish vs. English). On the basis of the results, it can be concluded that one way to promote FL learning is by diagnosing NL literacy skills early on and by providing training in NL literacy for at-risk children. In addition, the significant role of phonological memory in FL learning suggests that training in the FL phonology may enhance competence in the foreign language.
Entrincheiramento organizacional: construção e validação da escala

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo construir e validar a escala de entrincheiramento organizacional, construto de mesma base teorica do comprometimento de continuacao. Tres dimensoes foram propostas: ajustamentos a posicao social (APS), arranjos burocraticos impessoais (ABI) e limitacao de alternativas (LA). Os dados coletados com 721 trabalhadores foram submetidos a analises exploratorias e confirmatorias para a avaliacao psicometrica da escala. Os resultados indicam estabilidade, generalizabilidade e alta consistencia interna dos tres fatores, formados pelos vinte e dois itens restantes, e respaldam a decisao pela estrutura tridimensional. Estudos futuros com a escala validada poderao contribuir para um maior refinamento conceitual e empirico do entrincheiramento com a organizacao.
Integrating practice into Russian social work education: Institutional logics and curriculum regulation

Coming at the cusp of 20 years of social work training in Russia, this article analyses why education in universities is still so disconnected from the field of social work practice. Our attention focuses on institutional dynamics that shape the national regulation of social work education, limited practice content in curricula and the mixed impact of international co-operation. The research highlights that achieving broad agreement on the need for practice skills, service user prioritization and a strong values base must be the key focus when developing training in contexts where social work is relatively new.
MediaCloud: A New Paradigm of Multimedia Computing

Multimedia computing has attracted considerable attention with the rapid growth in the development and application of multimedia technology. Current studies have attempted to support the increasing resource consumption and computational overhead caused by multimedia computing. In this paper, we propose MediaCloud , a new multimedia computing paradigm that integrates the concept of cloud computing in handling multimedia applications and services effectively and efficiently. MediaCloud faces the following key challenges: heterogeneity, scalability, and multimedia Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning. To address the challenges above, first, a layered architecture of MediaCloud , which can provide scalable multimedia services, is presented. Then, MediaCloud technologies by which users can access multimedia services from different terminals anytime and anywhere with QoS provisioning are introduced. Finally, MediaCloud implementation and applications are presented, and media retrieval and delivery are adopted as case studies to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed MediaCloud design.
How High School Organization Influences the Equitable Distribution of Learning in Mathematics and Science.

Using a sample of 9,631 students in 789 U.S. high schools with three waves of data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, the study presented here was an extension of an earlier study that found positive effects for practices that are consistent with the restructuring movement on learning in the first two years of high school and on the equitable distribution of learning by social class. The current study identified the characteristics of high school organization that are positively related to learning in mathematics and science and to equity during the first and last two years of high school and investigated whether such organizational factors explain the results of the earlier study. It found that although students learn somewhat less in the last two years than in the first two years, several features of the social and academic organization of high schools are strongly associated with learning in both periods
The linguistic landscape of Brittany and Corsica: A comparative study of the presence of France's regional languages in the public space1

ABSTRACT The linguistic landscape (LL) is emerging as a method by which to examine language practices of multilingual communities. Based on empirical research, carried out in Brittany and on Corsica in the summer of 2007, this project seeks to examine the extent to which two of France's regional heritage languages mark the public space. In categorising the signs recorded, it is possible to detect trends in the use of Breton and Corsican for different purposes within the LL. Given France's recent language management strategies, we are able to differentiate between the way in which cityscapes are marked by those in positions of authority and those with limited power. It is also practicable to examine the differences in multilingual signs within the survey areas. Collectively, these approaches to the LL of Brittany and Corsica will provide an overview of language practices and the relationships between these languages of France.
Prepurchase Attribute Verifiability, Source Credibility, and Persuasion

Recent research has found that search and experience attribute claims are processed differently by consumers, with search attribute claims typically being more believable than experience attribute claims. It is, however, routinely the case that marketers desire to promote a product by making a claim featuring an experience attribute. The marketing literature has largely neglected the issue of how to enhance persuasion of experience attribute claims. The purpose of this research was to fill this void. We reason that source credibility impacts the receipt of experience claims and search claims differently and then report results of two experiments featuring two different types of sources in the context of two different categories which suggest that a source high in credibility can be employed to make experience claims more persuasive. The contributions our study makes to the persuasion literature and avenues for future research are discussed.
Central nervous system pathology in cases of leporine dysautonomia

erinary practices were finding it increasingly difficult to attract and retain recent graduates. To enable effective development of postgraduation strategies, in order to address the above deficiencies, further research is needed. The precise problems faced by recent graduates and their employers should be examined, and it should be established what constitutes good practice with regard to the integration of a recent graduate within a practice. The preferred and most effective mechanisms of review, assessment, self-assessment and development of recent veterinary graduates should be ascertained and CPD provision tailored to meet these requirements.
Comparative Study of Children's Self-Concepts and Parenting Stress Between Families of Children With Epilepsy and Asthma

&NA; The purpose of the present study was to conduct a comparative study on families of children with epilepsy and asthma with regard to the variables of children's self-concepts and parenting stress. While past research has indicated higher rates of behavioral problems in children with epilepsy, behavioral problems were associated primarily with children's self-concept. How an individual assesses his or herself impacts significantly upon self conceptualization and the attainment of a stable concept about oneself as an individual is a critical development factor during an individual's cognitive development stage. Nevertheless, specific factors related to such have not previously been well delineated. Forty-eight children, 8 to 13 years of age with epilepsy, and 54 children in the same age range with asthma were investigated for this study. Parents of subjects were also involved in this study. The self-concepts of subject children were assessed using the Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC). Parenting stress was measured using Abidin's Parenting Stress Index (PSI)/long form. Children's demographic variables and illness severity were also measured as potential risk factors. Results showed significant differences between the two groups in terms of self-concept and parenting stress, with epileptic children returning significantly lower self-concept scores in 3 SPPC subscales. Demographic variables and illness conditions were not found to be effective predictors of parenting stress. Level of parenting stress was revealed to be significantly associated with children's selfconcept in the epilepsy group. Results suggest that parents of children with epilepsy will benefit from coping strategies that may help lower parenting stress levels and influence positively upon children's self-concept. In addition to providing regular drug therapy, providing further support is needed.
Expression levels of UL16 binding protein 1 and natural killer group 2 member D affect overall survival in patients with gastric cancer following gastrectomy

UL16 binding protein 1 (ULBP1) expressed on the tumor cell surface binds to the natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptor presenting on natural killer (NK), cluster of differentiation (CD)8+ T, and γ δ T cells. However, the roles of ULBP1 and NKG2D expression and associated immune responses in gastric cancer are unclear. The present study investigated the associations between ULBP1 and NKG2D expression and clinical outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. The levels of ULBP1 and NKG2D expression were examined in human gastric cancer cell lines and gastric cancer tissues from 98 patients who underwent surgery from 2004 to 2008. MKN-74 cells expressed ULBP1 with ULBP2, −5, or −6. NKG2D was expressed at a higher level following activation of T cells and NK cells. Among the tissue sections positive for NKG2D expression, 6 patients were positive for CD8 and CD56. In all tissues, NKG2D-expressing cells were typically aCD8+ T cells. Patients with NKG2D expression in tumors exhibited significantly longer overall survival (OS) compared with patients without NKG2D expression in tumors (P=0.0217). The longest OS was observed in patients positive for ULBP1 and NKG2D, whereas the shortest OS was observed in patients negative for ULBP1 and NKG2D. The interaction between ULBP1 and NKG2D may improve OS in patients with gastric cancer, and may have applications in immunotherapy for the induction of adaptive immunity in patients with cancer. Additionally, ULBP1 and NKG2D may be useful as prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer.
Correlates of academic misconduct and CSR proclivity of students

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the fraud triangle, Machiavellianism, academic misconduct and corporate social responsibility (CSR) proclivity of students. Design/methodology/approach – The present study surveyed 471 university students. The study was cross-sectional and employed structural equation modelling in statistical modelling. Findings – The study provides evidence that perceived opportunity to cheat in examinations is the single most important factor accounting for significant variations in rationalization and academic misconduct. Similarly, low Machiavellians significantly get inclined to CSR ideals. The fraud triangle alone accounts for 36 per cent of the variations in academic misconduct, hence the error variance is 64 per cent of academic misconduct itself. This error variance increases to 78 per cent when a combination of perceived opportunity, rationalization, Machiavellianism is considered. Moreover, both Machiavellianism and academic misconduct account for .
A Comparison of the Cost-Effectiveness of Remifentanil Versus Fentanyl as an Adjuvant to General Anesthesia for Outpatient Gynecologic Surgery

The unique pharmacokinetic properties of remifentanil make it a potentially useful adjuvant during general anesthesia for ambulatory surgery. Fentanyl, inexpensive and easy to administer, is the most common opioid used for this purpose. As an adjuvant to general anesthesia for outpatient gynecologic surgery, we questioned if remifentanil was cost-effective as an alternative to fentanyl. Thirty-four patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopy or hysteroscopy were prospectively and randomly assigned to a standard practice (n = 18) or a study (n = 16) group. Standard practice patients received fentanyl (3 &mgr;g/kg) before induction; study patients received remifentanil by continuous infusion (0.5 &mgr;g · kg · min−1 at induction, then 0.2 &mgr;g · kg · min−1). Sevoflurane was titrated to a Bispectral index value of 40–55. We investigated recovery profiles, patient and health care professional satisfaction, and drug costs. The incidence of rescue antiemetic treatment (2 of 16 vs 8 of 18;P = 0.013) and the nausea visual analog scale scores during second stage recovery (0.2 vs 0.6;P = 0.044) were more frequent in the study group. However, the incidence of intraoperative adverse events and other postoperative sequelae, recovery times, pain and nausea visual analog scale scores, opioid analgesic dosage requirements in the postanesthetic care unit, and satisfaction survey responses were similar between groups. Perioperative drug costs per patient were $17.72 more in the remifentanil (vs fentanyl) group. Implications As an opioid adjuvant to general anesthesia for outpatient gynecologic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy, the benefits of remifentanil did not offset its added cost as compared with fentanyl.
A nonlinear equalization technique for frequency selective fading channels

We propose a new equalization technique based on nonlinear Hammerstein type filters to mitigate the intersymbol interference (ISI) effect. This technique is a nonlinear generalization of the linear equalizer. In the present work, linear frequency selective fading channels in presence of additive white gaussian noise are considered and BPSK modulation is employed. Comparison of the simulation results based on our proposed technique with the results obtained when linear equalizer is employed, shows that our technique leads to a considerably better BER performance at moderate and higher SNRs. We also show that our method presents a better MSE estimator than the linear structure.
Sources of Variability in Estimates of Predictive Validity

Level of Service (LS) is one of the most widely used general risk and need assessment tools in criminal justice agencies across North America. However, there is significant interstudy variability in the magnitude of the validity estimates. This study was conducted to examine possible sources of this variability. The predictive validity of LS risk and need increased with length of follow-up period and with investigator allegiance to LS. The combination of these two variables reveals consistent increases in mean predictive validity estimates from modest (in the .20s) through large (in the mid .30s) to very large (in the .40s) in samples of both male and female offenders. We hypothesized that the “allegiance effect” reflects the integrity of LS implementation and support provided by the agency for risk assessment. This is akin to the difference between “demonstration projects” and “practical” rehabilitation programming in the offender treatment research. Moreover, controls for Canadian versus non-Canadian evaluations reduced the effect of allegiance and length of follow-up to nonsignificant levels. Possible explanations for these findings include the degree of integrity in conducting risk and need assessments, the accuracy of recidivism as the criterion measure, and generalizability across international boundaries.
On the Integration of Grounding Language and Learning Objects

This paper presents a multimodal learning system that can ground spoken names of objects in their physical referents and learn to recognize those objects simultaneously from naturally co-occurring multisensory input. There are two technical problems involved: (1) the correspondence problem in symbol grounding - how to associate words (symbols) with their perceptually grounded meanings from multiple cooccurrences between words and objects in the physical environment. (2) object learning - how to recognize and categorize visual objects. We argue that those two problems can be fundamentally simplified by considering them in a general system and incorporating the spatio-temporal and cross-modal constraints of multimodal data. The system collects egocentric data including image sequences as well as speech while users perform natural tasks. It is able to automatically infer the meanings of object names from vision, and categorize objects based on teaching signals potentially encoded in speech. The experimental results reported in this paper reveal the effectiveness of using multimodal data and integrating heterogeneous techniques in machine learning, natural language processing and computer vision.
Comparison of Body Image between Athletes and Nonathletes: A Meta-Analytic Review

Due to the equivocal research examining body image between athletes and nonathletes and the serious negative effects of body image disturbance a metaanalytic review of the literature was undertaken (N = 78 studies, 294 effect sizes). A small effect was found which indicated that athletes had a more positive body image compared to the nonathletes. Examination of the moderator variables revealed that the magnitude of the effect size: (a) for unpublished research was larger compared to published research; (b) for comparison groups which were included within the study was smaller than for comparison groups based on normative data; (c) did not differ between the female athletes compared to the male athletes; (d) did not vary among the aesthetic, endurance, and ball game sport athletes; and (e) did not differ by age or body mass index. Possible explanations for the more positive body image of the athletes than the nonathletes are discussed.
Augmenting SDN by a multi-layer network model

As software functions can be separated from the device hardware, new techniques as SDN and NFV can be enabled in the management and operation of communication networks. However, the automatic configuration and SDN tools give only moderate information to the control or orchestration systems, and this can affect the performance and reliability of the managed network. The control and orchestration functions require a model, that may include all the network elements and their relations too, and so enables analysis or even design functions.
Role Stress in Working Women: Differential Effect on Selected Organizational Outcomes

The differential effects of role stress experienced by women were exam ined in terms of commitment to the organization, overall job satisfaction, satisfaction with specific aspects of the job, and personal-life satisfac tion. Role stress was significantly and negatively related to organiza tional commitment; overall job satisfaction; satisfaction with pay, work, co-workers, and supervision; and personal-life satisfaction. The t-tests analysis revealed significant mean differences between high and low role-stress groups on organizational commitment, overall job satisfac tion, and satisfaction with extrinsic aspects of the job. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for role management in the integration of women into modern work organizations.