Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A crack where the light gets in: a study of Health and Physical Education teachers' perspectives on fitness testing as a context for learning about health

Despite extensive critique, the teaching of Health and Physical Education (HPE) continues to be characterised by individualised and performative ideologies which are reflected in part by a continued focus upon fitness testing. There has been little attempt, however, to explore Australian HPE teachers' thoughts and reasoning for its privileged inclusion in their programmes. This paper draws on findings from a broader two-phase, mixed-method research project carried out in the state of Victoria which explored HPE teachers' perspectives on the Health Education–Physical Education (PE) nexus. Here we focus specifically on the data related to teachers' perspectives on fitness testing as a context for learning. The findings suggest that, firstly, many teachers felt unsure about why they used fitness testing, and that they needed more professional development (PD) to support the integration of Health Education and PE in HPE. Secondly, while teachers offered a range of justifications for their use, others were critical of fitness tests as an educational practice. Although based on a small sample, this study is the one of first that we are aware of to probe the beliefs, logics and ambivalences that HPE teachers feel towards fitness testing. These data suggest that rather than monolithically conservative or fixed, some HPE teachers' views are beginning to reflect the dangers and shortcomings of fitness testing as a context for learning. There are, at the very least, ‘cracks’ in the way HPE teachers think about fitness testing. These cracks represent opportunities for shifting HPE practice, most obviously through PD and less formal kinds of collegial dialogue. Perhaps most interesting of all, these data exemplify an instance where the theory/practice divide may not be so wide after all, and that what some teachers need most may simply be to be validated and encouraged in their already critically reflective thinking.
Language Variation Among Native Americans: Observations on Lakota English

have developed and can be described for the separate tribal language groups; indeed, the number of such varieties has been said to approach 200, the number of native American languages still spoken on the continent (Leap 1978). Thus there are, presumably, dialects of English spoken by the Navajo (Harvey 1974), the Isletan Tiwa (Leap 1973, 1974), the Cheyenne (Alford 1974), the Mohave (Penfield-Jasper 1982), the Yakima (Weeks 1975), the Mescalero (Dubois 1978), and the Pima (Miller 1977, Nelson-Barber 1982)-to name just a few which have been described as at least partially distinctive. The assumption behind these descriptions has been that native language grammatical forms and phonological constraints, as well as semantic notions and dis-
Introducing children's perspectives and participation in research

Over recent years, there has been increasing attention to the importance of involving children and listening to their voices and perspectives in research. The purpose of this monograph is to draw upon exemplary research with young children that is being undertaken in partnership with academics across the globe. The articles also seek to examine some of the critical issues and ethical dilemmas in this unique research paradigm. We are pleased to present discussion from a diverse range of research settings which includes Sweden, Iceland, Italy, Northern Ireland, the United Kingdom and Australia. The underlying philosophy of each article is that all young children have the competence to engage in research as sophisticated thinkers and communicators and that the inclusion of children's views are pivotal if we are to understand their life worlds.
Gifted and Talented Young Women: Antecedents and Correlates of Life Satisfaction

This study examined the antecedents and correlates of general life satisfaction as reported by 108 gifted and talented young women. Measures of socio-affective traits, instrumentality and expressiveness, and social self esteem were obtained across, three points in time; sophomore and junior years in high school and in young adulthood. The results of the longitudinal analyses supported the predicted centrality of instrumental self perception, not only to social self esteem but also to occupational confidence and general life satisfaction. Implications for counseling gifted and talented female adolescents are discussed.
Gifted Education

This article looks at the issue of gifted and talented education from the perspective of public policy. It asserts that the underachievement of gifted children is a national concern, as these children may someday benefit society in ways that are disproportionate to their share of the population. Perhaps more importantly, it concludes that gifted education need not be inequitable. In fact, in the current state of the affairs of the United States, I find tremendous variation in the resources districts receive from the state that go toward gifted education. The state is particularly important as it has the power to reduce inequalities between districts that are the result of wealth and other factors. Rather than exacerbating inequality, a larger distribution of the gifted and talented resources serves to ensure gifted children in both poor and rich districts have an opportunity to maximize their potential.
Transnational Passions: A Statistical Study of Norwegian Football Supporters

This essay is based on the central findings from a survey conducted among members of Norwegian supporter clubs for English football clubs in 2000. The Norwegian case of long distance support of English teams is probably the biggest and best organized of the transnational love affairs. Norwegian football fans’ anglophile liaisons form part of a personal football geography and history in which supporters have developed passionate relationships to football teams across national boundaries, mediated initially via impulses from television, radio, newspapers and magazines. Apart from an empirical presentation of survey data this article aims to explain changes in football support and its concomitant socio‐cultural orientations from a Norwegian perspective during the past 30 years. Of particular significance is the exponential increase in the consumption of English football in Norway, evident most especially in the ever‐escalating sales of football tourism to England. The essay also throws light on the recent massive increase in live TV coverage of English football matches on TV screens in Norway.
Interventions for common perinatal mental disorders in women in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of interventions to improve the mental health of women in the perinatal period and to evaluate any effect on the health, growth and development of their offspring, in low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries. METHODS Seven electronic bibliographic databases were systematically searched for papers published up to May 2012 describing controlled trials of interventions designed to improve mental health outcomes in women who were pregnant or had recently given birth. The main outcomes of interest were rates of common perinatal mental disorders (CPMDs), primarily postpartum depression or anxiety; measures of the quality of the mother-infant relationship; and measures of infant or child health, growth and cognitive development. Meta-analysis was conducted to obtain a summary measure of the clinical effectiveness of the interventions. FINDINGS Thirteen trials representing 20 092 participants were identified. In all studies, supervised, non-specialist health and community workers delivered the interventions, which proved more beneficial than routine care for both mothers and children. The pooled effect size for maternal depression was -0.38 (95% confidence interval: -0.56 to -0.21; I (2) = 79.9%). Where assessed, benefits to the child included improved mother-infant interaction, better cognitive development and growth, reduced diarrhoeal episodes and increased immunization rates. CONCLUSION In LAMI countries, the burden of CPMDs can be reduced through mental health interventions delivered by supervised non-specialists. Such interventions benefit both women and their children, but further studies are needed to understand how they can be scaled up in the highly diverse settings that exist in LAMI countries.
Alternative Splicing Controls Neuronal Expression of v-ATPase Subunit a1 and Sorting to Nerve Terminals*

Vacuolar proton ATPase accumulates protons inside various intracellular organelles such as synaptic vesicles; its membrane domain V0 could also be involved in membrane fusion. These different functions could require vacuolar proton ATPases possessing different V0 subunit a isoforms. In vertebrates, four genes encode isoforms a1–a4, and a1 variants are also generated by alternative splicing. We identified a novel a1 splice variant a1-IV and showed that the two a1 variants containing exon C are specifically expressed in neurons. Single neurons coexpress a2, a1-I, and a1-IV, and these subunit a isoforms are targeted to different membrane compartments. Recombinant a2 was accumulated in the trans-Golgi network, and a1-I was concentrated in axonal varicosities, whereas a1-IV was sorted to both distal dendrites and axons. Our results indicate that alternative splicing of exon N controls differential sorting of a1 variants to nerve terminals or distal dendrites, whereas exon C regulates their neuronal expression.
Recreation Participation and Conservation Attitudes: Differences Between Mail and Online Respondents in a Mixed-Mode Survey

This study reports a comparison of demographics, outdoor recreation activity patterns, and attitudes toward conservation issues collected via mail and online survey methods within a mixed-mode survey. Pennsylvania residents, randomly sampled by Survey Sampling, Inc., were invited in a pre-survey letter to complete the survey online, or through a paper survey mailed to their homes. Differences in outdoor recreation participation were generally small for wildlife-related activities, and were greater among non-wildlife-related outdoor recreation activities, with the Internet respondents generally reporting higher rates of participation. Analyses controlling for demographic variables showed a confounding influence on the relationships examined. Internet respondents tended to be younger, better educated, and more affluent. Conservation- related attitudes did not differ between the mail and online survey respondents and were more weakly related to demographic factors. Results suggest that online surveys can yield valid results when using appropriate sampling designs and implementing quality control procedures.
Gendering Municipal Government : Female Descriptive Representation and Feelings of Political Trust

Voter participation, political knowledge and efficacy, and feelings of political estrangement or alienation have all been linked to varying levels of racial/ethnic descriptive representation. The goal of this study is to investigate similar effects on feelings of political trust with regard to the descriptive representation of women in municipal government. Copyright (c) 2007 by the Southwestern Social Science Association.
Attributions Associated with Significant Turning Points in Premarital Relationship Development and Dissolution

The purpose of this study was to describe attributions about significant changes in involvement level during the course of permarital relationship development and dissolution. The Retrospective Interview Technique (RIT) (Fitzgerald & Surra, 1981) was employed to reconstruct, for 100 individuals, the history of serious, heterosexual, romantic relationships that had dissolved within the last twelve months. The average length of such relationships was 15.70 months. In all, 1,988 attributions were made concerning 797 significant turning points in these relationships. The attributions broke down as follows: 43 percent dyadic, 30 percent individual, 15 percent network, 12 percent circumstantial. Chi-square tests were conducted to test whether the distribution of the four types of attributions varied as a function of (1) stage of the relationship, (2) sign and magnitude of the change in the relationship, (3) gender and (4) initiator of the breakup of the relationship. Results indicate significant differences in the distributions of attributions for all four of these breakdowns. Discussion centres around the role of attributions in relationship development versus dissolution and around gender differences in romantic relationships.
Improvisation

This article explores and contextualizes improvisation in music from an educational perspective. First, recent brain research that sees improvisation as a distinct cognitive activity is examined and used to illustrate the importance and uniqueness of this often ignored area of music learning. Next, the implications for the music classroom are explored in light of the brain research findings as well as the common misconceptions associated with improvisation in music classrooms. Finally, some overarching principles to help guide the teaching of improvisation in any music classroom are offered.
Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Trigger Point Injections in Headache Management: Trigeminal Neuralgia Does Not Respond to Occipital Nerve Block

To the editor: We read the article by Jurno et al with great interest. Authors conducted a significant reduction of ankle-brachial index (ABI) in migraineurs. As compared with our data of ABI in migraineurs on physical check-up, we would like to comment on conclusions of Jurno et al. Oscillometric ABI was measured in 123 migraineurs (22 with aura [MA] and 101 without aura [MO]) and 118 controls. Female ratio was 80% in both groups. Mean age (SD) was 42.1 (8.4) years in migraineurs and 42.7 (9.5) years in controls. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile of migraineurs suggested 6 subjects in hypertension, 3 in diabetes mellitus, 13 in dyslipidemia, 18 in current smoking, and 14 in obesity. Only 1 woman with MO had ABI values lower than 0.9. Her age was 29 years and no CVD risk factors existed. Mean ABI (SD) was 1.05 (0.06) in migraineurs and 1.06 (0.07) in controls. There were no significant differences of ABI values between among 4 groups of migraine, MA, MO sufferers and controls on multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted by age, sex, and several CVD risk factors. Jurno et al disclosed mean ABI (SD) of 0.94 (0.11) in 50 migraineurs and 0.99 (0.09) in 38 controls. ABI values <0.9 was found in 24 migraineurs (48%) and 7 controls (18%). Using logistical regression, odds ratio of ABI <0.9 was 3.9 in the migraine group. We would like to know the age and CVD risk profile in migraineurs and controls with decreased ABI. Arterial pressure was obtained with an ultrasonic Doppler device whereas we measured oscillometric ABI. As compared with oscillometric ABI, sensitivity and specificity of Doppler ABI (<0.9) were higher. Mean age was 42.1 (8.4) years in our migraineurs and 36 (9.9) years of participants in the study of Jurno et al. Methodological differences of ABI measurement and age of migraineurs may lead to diverse results between 2 studies. Authors provide the possibility that existence of migraine contributes to lower ABI. Age distribution of migraineurs is suggested to peak from 20 to 50 years of age. Finally, long-term monitoring of ABI is needed whether atherosclerotic changes influence abnormal ABI in young or midlife migraineurs.We speculate that ABI abnormalities could play a crucial role in the dysregulation of vascular reactions in a part of migraineurs, rather than CVD risk or peripheral obstructive arterial disease.
Knowledge and Practice of Female Employee About Premenstrual Syndrome and its Effect on Daily Life Activities in EL-Minia University

Premenstrual syndrome is a common health problem affecting females and because of its cyclic occurrence it is postulated to have different effects on quality of life. Aim of this study was to assess the female employee knowledge and practice about premenstrual syndrome and its effect on daily life activities. Method and materials: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on one hundred and thirteen women. A specially designed self-administered questionnaire was developed which included socio-demographic data, obstetrical history, symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), source of information about PMS, its effect on daily life activities and work and management of premenstrual syndrome. Results: The study revealed that the mean age ± SD of the studied sample was (31.7 ± 9) years, ) 84.96 (% of the studied samples were normal age of menarche, (61.95%) of the females were taken information about PMS from mothers, (63.72%) of the studied samples were had an effect on work. The most common reported physical symptom of PMS (79.64%) was backache while the most common reported Psychiatric symptom (76.99%) was worry. The measures practiced by the studied sample to overcome symptoms of PMS were (warm drinks, warm bathing, sports and activities, comfortable and rest period and medications). PMS symptoms was significantly more intense in the single female participants. Conclusion, PMS had an effect on work and daily life activities of female employee working in ElMinia University. Health education, appropriate medical treatment and counseling services, as part and parcel of the overall health service, should be provided to the affected female. [Mona A.Abd EL-Hamid;. Diaa Ahmed El Moghazy; Manal F.Moustafa and. Ekbal A. Emam. Knowledge and Practice of Female Employee About Premenstrual Syndrome and its Effect on Daily Life Activities in ELMinia University. Life Sci J 2013;10(1):231-243] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 36
Toward Forgiveness: The Role of Shame, Guilt, Anger, and Empathy

This research explored forgiving and its relationship to adaptive moral emotional processes: proneness to shame, guilt, anger, and empathic responsiveness. Gender differences associated with forgiving were analyzed. Participants were 138 graduate students in a large northeastern urban university. Results revealed that guilt-proneness was positively related to Total Forgiveness, as were Empathetic Concern and Perspective Taking. A positive relationship between anger reduction and Overall Forgiveness was found. Guilt-proneness, anger reduction, and detachment informed the process of forgiveness for women. For men, age, shame-proneness, and pride in behavior informed the process of forgiveness. Implications and possible research are discussed.
Qualitatively Assessing Family Influence in Career Decision Making

Assessing influential factors in the family relative to career decision making is consistent with evolving postmodern approaches to career counseling. However, the challenge of measuring family influence is technically demanding considering the ongoing revolutionary changes in the structure of the family. Moreover, while measuring the impact of families on children, researchers may be inadvertently measuring the effects of children on the family. Nevertheless, currently available assessment methods are described and evaluated. Retrospective questionnaires, career genograms, Career-O-Grams, and critical incident techniques are reviewed. Although clinicians will find that qualitative assessment methods can be applied to career counseling, the tools are time consuming and demand a high level of clinical skill to use effectively. Researchers will discover that making generalizations from current qualitative methods may be difficult.
Zero momentum modes in discrete light-cone quantization

We consider the constrained zero modes found in the application of discrete light-cone quantization to the nonperturbative solution of quantum field theories. These modes are usually neglected for simplicity, but we show that their inclusion can be relatively straightforward, and, what is more, that they are useful for nonperturbative calculations of field-theoretic spectra. In particular, inclusion of zero modes improves the convergence of the numerical calculation and makes possible the direct calculation of vacuum expectation values, even when the zero modes are determined dynamically. We also comment on zero-mode contributions not included by discrete light-cone quantization, namely, zero-mode loops.
Use of the internet and an online personal health record system by US veterans: comparison of Veterans Affairs mental health service users and other veterans nationally

OBJECTIVE The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) operates one of the largest nationwide healthcare systems and is increasing use of internet technology, including development of an online personal health record system called My HealtheVet. This study examined internet use among veterans in general and particularly use of online health information among VA patients and specifically mental health service users. METHODS A nationally representative sample of 7215 veterans from the 2010 National Survey of Veterans was used. Logistic regression was employed to examine background characteristics associated with internet use and My HealtheVet. RESULTS 71% of veterans reported using the internet and about a fifth reported using My HealtheVet. Veterans who were younger, more educated, white, married, and had higher incomes were more likely to use the internet. There was no association between background characteristics and use of My HealtheVet. Mental health service users were no less likely to use the internet or My HealtheVet than other veterans. DISCUSSION Most veterans are willing to access VA information online, although many VA service users do not use My HealtheVet, suggesting more education and research is needed to reduce barriers to its use. CONCLUSION Although adoption of My HealtheVet has been slow, the majority of veterans, including mental health service users, use the internet and indicate a willingness to receive and interact with health information online.
The Effect of Lubricants on Powder Flowability for Pharmaceutical Application

Pharmaceutical tablets are manufactured through a series of batch steps finishing with compression into a form using a tablet press. Lubricants are added to the powder mixture prior to the tabletting step to ensure that the tablet is ejected properly from the press. The addition of lubricants also affects tablet properties and can affect the behavior of the powder mixture. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of lubricants on powder flowability as flowability into the tablet press is critical. Four lubricants (magnesium stearate, magnesium silicate, stearic acid, and calcium stearate) were mixed, in varying amounts, with spray-dried lactose. In addition, magnesium stearate was also mixed with placebo granules from a high-shear granulator. Measurements based on avalanche behavior indicated flowability potential and dynamic density and were more sensitive to changes in the mixture and provided a more accurate and reproducible indication of flowability than traditional static measurements. Of the tested lubricants, magnesium stearate provided the best increase in flowability even in the low amounts commonly added in formulations.
Gender Differences in Managers' Developmental Job Experiences

It has been suggested that one reason so few women have been promoted to senior management positions is that during their careers they experience fewer developmental job opportunities than men. To test this idea, we surveyed male and female managers about developmental components in their current jobs. Results suggest that men experience some greater task-related developmental challenges, but women experience greater developmental challenges stemming from obstacles they face in their jobs.