Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precise Power Measurement With a Single-Mode Waveguide Calorimeter in the 220–330 GHz Frequency Range

A calorimeter based on single-mode WR-03 waveguides is developed with the aim of establishing a measurement standard for terahertz (THz)-wave power over the frequency range of 220–330 GHz. Correction factors such as the thermal leakage are estimated by actual measurements. This calorimeter measures the absolute power of the THz waves by substituting dc power, based on the isothermal temperature control technique. A commercial power meter with a WR-03 waveguide is calibrated by direct comparison with the calorimeter at a power level of 0.1 mW. The calibration factors of the commercial power meter are evaluated in the frequency range, 220–330 GHz. The associated uncertainties of the calibration factors are estimated by combining the measurement uncertainty factors using the Monte Carlo method. The relative expanded uncertainties are less than 7.2% with a coverage factor of two.
Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α and Interleukin‐6 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

To explore the role of cytokines in tumor development and clinical manifestations, we examined the expressions of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in tumor tissues obtained from 57 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and their relationships to pathological grade and staging. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay on the tumor tissues demonstrated elevated concentrations of TNF‐α and IL‐6 proteins and upregulated mRNA levels were detected by the reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction method when compared to those in normal control tissues. These cytokines and their transcripts were localized in stromal macrophages and in the tumor cells in particular of the front area of tumor issues, possibly indicating active synthesis of these cytokines by tumor cells. Larger‐sized tumors (T3, 4) contained significantly greater levels of IL‐6 proteins than small‐sized tumors (T1, 2) (P < 0.05). The levels of these cytokines were significantly reduced in cases with effective pre‐treatment with radiation or anti‐cancer agents compared to those in the less effective group (P < 0.05, grade IIa vs. grade IV for both TNF‐α and IL‐6). The present study thus demonstrated enhanced expression of cytokines in OSCC tissues.
Three-dimensional integral equation approach to light scattering, extinction cross sections, local density of states, and quasi-normal modes

We present a numerical formalism for solving the Lippmann–Schwinger equation for the electric field in three dimensions. The formalism may be applied to scatterers of different shapes and embedded in different background media, and we develop it in detail for the specific case of spherical scatterers in a homogeneous background medium. In addition, we show how several physically important quantities may readily be calculated with the formalism. These quantities include the extinction cross section, the total Green’s tensor, the projected local density of states, and the Purcell factor as well as the quasi-normal modes of leaky resonators with the associated resonance frequencies and quality factors. We demonstrate the calculations for the well-known plasmonic dimer consisting of two silver nanoparticles and thus illustrate the versatility of the formalism for use in modeling of advanced nanophotonic devices.
Computation, Properties, and Realizability of the Characteristic Immittance Matrices of Nonuniform Multiconductor Transmission Lines

Power lines are longitudinally nonuniform, nonsymmetrical systems, where ordinary modal analysis, originally conceived for uniform multiconductor transmission lines (MTL), can be utilized only as a zeroth-order approximation. In this paper, we present an accurate analysis of nonuniform MTLs based on the frequency-domain transmission-matrix formalism for 2$n$-port systems, where two unequal characteristic immittance matrices need to be defined, one for forward propagation and another for backward propagation. This paper, focused on the characteristic (or surge) immittance matrices, shows how they can be computed, describes their general properties, and reveals, for the first time, that in some cases they may not be physically realizable, meaning that a matched termination made of purely passive lumped components may not exist. The matrix theory developed in the paper is illustrated with simulation results concerning three-phase power line configurations where resonance phenomena take place at certain critical frequencies.
Towards An Integrated Observing System For Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry At a Time of Change

Ocean biogeochemical cycles are currently undergoing fundamental changes - largely as a consequence of the addition of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The oceans are getting warmer, and their pH and oxygen levels are decreasing. Further changes may arise as a consequence of the perturbation of the global nitrogen cycle, leading to higher inputs of fixed nitrogen to the ocean by rivers and enhanced deposition of nitrogen to the surface ocean. These biogeochemical changes plus the concomitant changes in ocean circulation will have profound effects on some of the ocean's key services, i.e. its capability to mitigate climate change by removing anthropogenic CO 2 from the atmosphere, and its provision of important ecosystem services such as food and biodiversity. Documenting, understanding, and predicting these biogeochemical changes require a concerted and sustained observational effort that includes both the continuation of well-tested approaches and the development and implementation of novel systems. Of particular importance for the first set of approaches are the sustaining and extension of (i) a surface ocean volunteer ocean ship-based observing system primarily focusing on the determination of the air-sea exchange of CO 2 and upper ocean changes in carbonate chemistry, of (ii) an interior ocean research-ship based system focusing on large-scale interior changes of the ocean's biogeochemistry (carbon, oxygen, nutrients, etc), and of (iii) ship-based and moored time-series observations at key sites, including the coastal ocean. Of particular importance for the second set of approaches are (i) the accelerated improvement, development and implementation of new observational elements on the Argo array (especially oxygen, but also nutrient and bio-optical sensors), and (ii) the development, testing, and deployment of novel sensors for the ocean's carbon system. Concerted synthesis efforts involving also novel approaches for merging observations with biogeochemical models will ensure that these observational elements realize their synergistic potential.
Pratisyen hekimlerde tükenmişlik, işe bağli gerginlik ve iş doyumu düzeyleri

2 Il Saglik Mudurlugu Saglik Ocaklari Şube Mudurlugu, Samsun Amac: Bu calisma saglik ocaklarinda calisan pratisyen hekimlerde tukenme, ise bagli gerginlik ve is doyumu duzeylerinin bazi demografik ozellikler ve mesleksel degiskenlerle iliskisini arastirmak amaciyla planlanmistir. Yontem: Veriler 112 pratisyen hekimin 85 (% 75.9)'inden demografik veri formu, Maslach Tukenmislik Olcegi, Ise Bagli Gerginlik Olcegi ve Is Doyumu Olcegi formlari ile toplanmistir. Bulgular: Calismada yas gruplari, medeni durum ve calisilan saglik ocaginin bulundugu yerlesim birimi acisindan olcek puanlari arasinda fark bulunmamistir. Erkeklerin Maslach Tukenmislik Olcegi kisisel basari puani kadinlardan, 10 yil ve daha fazla suredir calisanlarin Ise Bagli Gerginlik Olcegi puani da 5 yildan daha az suredir calisanlarinkine gore istatistiksel olarak anlamli derecede yuksek bulunmustur. Yas ile ise bagli gerginlik; duygusal tukenme ile duyarsizlasma ve ise bagli gerginlik puanlari arasinda pozitif; duyarsizlasma ile kisisel basari; ise bagli gerginlik ile is doyumu arasinda negatif korelasyon bulunmustur. Sonuc: Medeni durum ve calisilan yerlesim birimi gibi demografik ozelliklerle duygusal tukenme, kisisel basari, duyarsizlasma, ise bagli gerginlik ve is doyumu arasinda bir iliski olmadigi, kisisel basarinin cinsiyetle, ise bagli gerginligin de yas ve calisma suresi ile iliskili oldugu soylenebilir. Objective: This study was planned to determine whether some demographic and occupational variables were related with burnout, work-related strain and work satisfaction. Methods: Data were collected from 85 (75.9%) of 112 general practitioners using demographic data form, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Work-Related Strain Inventory and Work Satisfaction Questionnaire. Results: There was no significant difference in emotional exhausting, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, work-related strain and work satisfaction scores according to age groups, marital status and working at the city center or not. The personal accomplishment scores of the men were significantly higher than the women, and the work-related strain scores of physicians who had been working for more than ten years were significantly higher than those who had been working for less than five years. There were positive correlations between age and work related strain scores; emotional exhausting, depersonalization and work related strain scores; and there were negative correlations between emotional exhausting and work satisfaction scores. Conclusion: While the marital status, working at the city center or not are not found related with emotional exhausting, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, work- related strain and work satisfaction, the gender is and the age and the years of experience are related with personal accomplishment and work-related strain, respectively.
Feeding Deterrent Effects of Catnip Oil Components Compared with Two Synthetic Amides Against Aedes aegypti

Abstract Recently, catnip, Nepeta cataria L. (Lamiaceae), essential oil has been formulated and marketed as an alternative repellent for protection against biting arthropods by several vendors. We isolated the major active components of catnip oil, E,Z- and Z,E-nepetalactone, and quantitatively measured their antibiting efficacy compared with the repellents N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and chiral (1S,2′S)-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (SS220) against the yellowfever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.), by using an in vitro assay and human volunteers at 24 nmol compound/cm2 (cloth or skin). Of all compounds tested in an in vitro assay, SS220 ranked as the most effective, whereas catnip oil and the nepetalactone compounds did not differ significantly from each other or from deet. However, in human volunteer bioassays, neither E,Z and Z,E-nepetalactone nor racemic nepetalactone deterred mosquito biting as effectively as SS220 or deet. All compounds differed significantly from the control. We conclude that catnip oil and nepetalactone isomers are significantly less effective than deet or SS220 in deterring the biting of Ae. aegypti.
Coherent Doppler narrowing in a thin vapor cell : observation of the Dicke regime in the optical domain

Single light beam transmission spectroscopy in an ultrathin dilute vapor cell ~10–100 mm! reveals subDoppler features. Indeed, atoms with fast ~normal! velocity undergo a short interaction between the cell walls, and are shown to be less absorbing because they have not reached their steady state of interaction with light. The effect is observed in the linear-response regime with a simple two-level system, as ensured from the ultralow level of light irradiation ~<1 mW/cm for the Cs D2 line! The effect, known for a long time in the microwave domain, is demonstrated here in the optical domain, and is extended to cell thicknesses large relative to the optical wavelength. @S1050-2947~98! 50105-9#
Ceo Transformational Leadership: The Role of Goal Importance Congruence in Top Management Teams

Using data from 94 top management teams, we found that dyadic goal importance congruence between CEOs and vice presidents (VPs) partially mediated the relationship of CEO transformational leadership with individual VPs’ attitudes, but not their performance. However, finer-grained analyses suggested it may be higher VP perceptions of goal importance, rather than the exact correspondence between CEO and VP goal importance ratings, that are associated with both CEO transformational leadership and VP attitudes. At the organizational level, CEO transformational leadership was positively related to within-team goal importance congruence, which in turn was positively related to organizational performance.
‘It's trying to manage the work’: a qualitative evaluation of recruitment processes within a UK multicentre trial

Objectives To explore trial site staff's perceptions regarding barriers and facilitators to local recruitment. Design Qualitative semi-structured interviews with a range of trial site staff from four trial sites in the UK. Interviews were analysed thematically to identify common themes across sites, barriers that could be addressed and facilitators that could be shared with other sites. Participants 11 members of staff from four trial sites: clinical grant Co-applicant (n=1); Principal Investigators (n=3); Consultant Urologist (n=1); Research Nurses (n=5); Research Assistant (n=1). Setting Embedded within an ongoing randomised controlled trial (the TISU trial). TISU is a UK multicentre trial comparing therapeutic interventions for ureteric stones. Results Our study draws attention to the initial and ongoing burden of trial work that is involved throughout the duration of a clinical trial. In terms of building and sustaining a research culture, trial staff described the ongoing work of engagement that was required to ensure that clinical staff were both educated and motivated to help with the process of identifying and screening potential participants. Having adequate and sufficient organisational and staffing resources was highlighted as being a necessary prerequisite to successful recruitment both in terms of accessing potentially eligible patients and being able to maximise recruitment after patient identification. The nature of the research study design can also potentially generate challenging communicative work for recruiting staff which can prove particularly problematic. Conclusions Our paper adds to existing research highlighting the importance of the hidden and complex work that is involved in clinical trial recruitment. Those designing and supporting the operationalisation of clinical trials must recognise and support the mitigation of this ‘work’. While much of the work is likely to be contextually sensitive at the level of local sites and for individual trials, some aspects are ubiquitous issues for delivery of trials more generally. Trial registration number ISRCTN No 92289221; Pre-results.
Imperfect durability and the Coase conjecture

This article considers a market served by a monopolist who sells a durable good that depreciates stochastically over time. We show that there exist three types of stationary equilibria: a Coase Conjecture equilibrium, a monopoly equilibrium, and a reputational equilibrium. When the depreciation rate is low, the Coase Conjecture equilibrium is the unique equilibrium. For intermediate values of the depreciation rate, all three equilibrium types coexist. When the depreciation rate is high, the monopoly equilibrium is the unique equilibrium. Consequently, when selling a good of sufficiently low durability, the monopolist does not lose any of her monopoly power. Furthermore, the steady-state output in the reputational equilibrium falls below the monopoly quantity. Hence, in durable goods markets, welfare losses due to monopoly power may be larger than in markets for perishables. Copyright (c)2008, RAND.
Productivity Growth of the Nontradable Sectors in China

Little is known about the total factor productivity of the nontradable sectors in China. In this paper we estimate productivity growth of the nontradable sectors by studying the relative price movements of the nontradable sectors vis-a-vis the tradable sectors, i.e. changes in the internal real exchange rate. We find that prices of the nontradable sectors have risen significantly faster than those of the tradable sectors since China's accession to the WTO, and as a result China's internal real exchange rate has appreciated faster than the renminbi real effective exchange rate. We also find that the nontradable sectors have seen much lower productivity growth than the tradable sectors. We argue that it is important to raise China's productivity growth in the nontradable sectors through policy actions to achieve growth rebalancing and containing inflationary pressures in the medium run.
Robust Tracking Through the Design of High Quality Fiducial Markers: An Optimization Tool for ARToolKit

Fiducial markers are images or landmarks placed in real environment, typically used for pose estimation and camera tracking. Reliable fiducials are strongly desired for many augmented reality (AR) applications, but currently there is no systematic method to design highly reliable fiducials. In this paper, we present fiducial marker optimizer (FMO), a tool to optimize the design attributes of ARToolKit markers, including black to white (B:W) ratio, edge sharpness, and information complexity, and to reduce inter-marker confusion. For these operations, the FMO provides a user friendly interface at the front-end and specialized image processing algorithms at the back-end. We tested manually designed markers and FMO optimized markers in ARToolKit and found that the latter were more robust. The FMO will be used for designing highly reliable fiducials in easy to use fashion. It will improve the application’s performance, where it is used.
Low Frequency of Rearrangements of the ret and trk Proto‐oncogenes in Japanese Thyroid Papillary Carcinomas

We investigated the frequency of rearrangements of the ret and trk proto‐oncogenes in Japanese thyroid tumors. DNAs from 38 thyroid papillary carcinomas and 14 follicular adenomas were analyzed by Southern blotting. Rearrangements of the ret and trk proto‐oncogenes were detected in one and two papillary carcinomas, respectively, but not in follicular adenomas. Analysis by a reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction method showed that the ret rearrangement‐positive tumor contained the PTC/refTPCchimeric transcript, which was reported to be found specifically in thyroid tumors and adenomatous goiter. We also found that rearranged mRNA of the trk proto‐oncogene was expressed at high levels in one of two trk rearrangement‐positive tumors. Our results indicated that the frequency of rearrangements of these proto‐oncogenes in Japanese papillary carcinomas was much lower than that in Italian patients.
The origin and dispersal pathway of the spotted sea hare Aplysia dactylomela (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) in the Mediterranean Sea

The spotted sea hare Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828 is a large and conspicuous opisthobranch sea slug that since 2002 has rapidly colonized the eastern Mediterranean, establishing populations in numerous localities. The source of the Mediterranean populations has been the subject of debate, with two main hypotheses considered (Atlantic and Red Sea origin). A recent study on the taxonomy of A. dactylomela has shown that the spotted sea hare is a complex of at least two genetically distinct species (A. dactylomela in the Atlantic and A. argus in the Indo-Pacific), facilitating the correct identification of Mediterranean specimens by molecular means. We used sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene to identify the Mediterranean individuals for the first time and to infer their origin. Our results confirmed that all the specimens collected in the Mediterranean belong to A. dactylomela and therefore have an Atlantic origin. The limited sample size does not allow identification of the dispersal pathway of A. dactylomela into the Mediterranean, but the colonization sequence is consistent with a “natural” dispersal event. This hypothesis is evaluated in light of local surface circulation patterns. Possible causes for the recent and rapid invasion of the eastern Mediterranean by A. dactylomela are discussed.
Species delimitation in the Drosophila aldrichi subcluster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) using DNA sequences

DNA sequence data has been successfully used to verify current species-level taxonomic hypotheses based on morphology and other characters. Setting species boundaries in the Drosophila repleta group has been challenging because this group contains several cryptic taxa and morphologically polymorphic populations. Mitochondrial (cox1 and nad2) and nuclear (sina and Marf) genes were employed to assess species limits for two traditionally recognized, closely related, and taxonomically problematical species, D. aldrichi and D. wheeleri. Both tree-based and character-based methods were used to show that D. wheeleri is indeed a distinct species; however, our data shows that D. aldrichi is a paraphyletic assemblage of two lineages as previously suggested based on patterns of reproductive isolation. One lineage is sister to D. wheeleri and includes populations originating from southern and western Mexico (western-aldrichi). The second, basal group also contains flies from southern Mexico, along with populations from the northern and eastern regions within the species boundaries traditionally described as D. aldrichi (eastern-aldrichi). The populations of D. aldrichi that were introduced into Australia were found to be included in the eastern-aldrichi group. Our results, particularly those based on the rapidly evolving mtDNA sequences, confirm the presence of at least two cryptic species previously referred as “D. aldrichi”.
The Inhibitory Effect of the Combination of Antineoplaston A‐10 Injection with a Small Dose of cis‐Diamminedichloroplatinum on Cell and Tumor Growth of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The inhibitory effects of a combination of Antineoplaston A‐10 Injection with a small dose of m‐diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) on cell and tumor growth was tested in in vitro and in vivo settings. A human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (KIM‐1) was used for the cell growth and transplanted tumor growth studies. In the cell growth study, one‐hour exposure of KIM‐1 cells to CDDP in the medium at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μg/ml inhibited cell growth dose‐dependently. Continuous exposure of cultured cells to Antineoplaston A‐10 Injection at concentrations of 4, 6, and 8 mg/ml also inhibited tumor growth dose‐dependently. The combination of 0.5 μg/ml CDDP and 6 mg/ml A‐10 Injection inhibited cell growth more than did each agent individually. Electron microscopic study showed well‐maintained organelle structures in Antineoplaston A‐10 Injection‐treated cells compared to CDDP‐treated cells. α‐Fetoprotein (AFP) production by 104 cells in 48 h increased in the A‐10 Injection‐treated and A‐10 Injection + CDDP‐treated groups as the concentration of these agents increased. In the tumor growth study, daily administration of Antineoplaston A‐10 Injection 75 mg with once a week administration of 20 μg of CDDP for 5 weeks inhibited transplanted tumor growth in athymic mice after 33 days of treatment, while administration of 75 mg of A‐10 Injection or 20 or 60 μg of CDDP alone showed no significant inhibition of tumor growth.
Linear Models: A Useful “Microscope” for Causal Analysis

Abstract This note reviews basic techniques of linear path analysis and demonstrates, using simple examples, how causal phenomena of non-trivial character can be understood, exemplified and analyzed using diagrams and a few algebraic steps. The techniques allow for swift assessment of how various features of the model impact the phenomenon under investigation. This includes: Simpson’s paradox, case–control bias, selection bias, missing data, collider bias, reverse regression, bias amplification, near instruments, and measurement errors.