Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secondary metabolites from Triclisia gilletii (De Wild) Staner (Menispermaceae) with antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract Triclisinone (2), a new ochnaflavone derivative, was isolated from the aerial parts of Triclisia gilletii, along with known drypemolundein B (1) and eight other known compounds. The chemical shifts of drypemolundein B (1) have been partially revised based on reinterpretation of NMR spectroscopic data. The eight other secondary metabolites are composed of: (+)-nonacosan-10-ol (3); stigmasterol (4), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylsitosterol (5), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylstigmasterol (6); oleanic acid (7); myricetin (8), quercetin (9) and 3-methoxyquercetin (10). Their structures were elucidated using IR, MS, NMR 1D and 2D, 1H and 13C and comparison with literature data. Furthermore, compounds 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9 and the crude extract were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Compounds 1, 2, 8 and 9 displayed moderate to very good activity against resistant strain (codified AC 45) of M. tuberculosis with minimum inhibitory concentrations MICs ranging from 3.90 to 62.5 μg/mL.
Antifungal effect of some salts against Fusarium oxysporum fsp. cepae, the causal agent of Fusarium Basal Rot of Onion

This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of 26 different salts as possible alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of Fusarium oxysporum fsp. cepae, the causal agent of Fusarium basal rot. A preliminary evaluation of the salts in vitro tests was performed at 2% (w/v). Among these salts, potassium acetate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate dibasic, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and trisodium phosphate enhanced the mycelial growth of the fungus compared to that of control (P ≤ 0.05). Except for diammonium phosphate, 15 other salts reduced mycelial growth to some extent (16.61-83.44%) (P ≤ 0.05). Ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate and sodium metabisulfite completely inhibited mycelial growth, therefore used for further testing in soil. There were no significant differences between the inhibitory effects of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate and sodium metabisulfite on the mycelial growth of the fungus (P ≤ 0.05). However, the LD50, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values found that sodium metabisulfite was more toxic to the fungus compared to two other salts. In soil tests, sodium metabisulfite completely inhibited the fungus at 0.4%. In contrast, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate was able to inhibit the fungus at the highest concentration used in the study (P ≤ 0.05). The present study showed that F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae grow both on acidic and basic pH values. The fungus grown without inhibition between pH 6 and 9, but significantly decreased at higher and lower pH values (P ≤ 0.05). At pH 12, the mycelial growth was completely inhibited. Normal 0 21 false false false TR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Normal Tablo"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
Particle-in-Cell Algorithms for Plasma Simulations on Heterogeneous Architectures

Within the fusion community, a large number of codes are in use to simulate various aspects of the plasma behaviour. Many codes have been written by physicists with a big emphasis on the physics without using the latest technologies available in computer science. For improving this situation, a project with acronym EUFORIA was created. The main target of this project is to increase the performance of key existing codes, either parallelizing the sequential codes or improving their parallelization. However, in general these codes were not thought for new supercomputers based on muticore architectures and only take advantage of the task level parallelism, basically using Message Passing Interface (MPI). In this paper we discuss several possible ways to apply hybrid parallelization techniques in fusion codes for exploiting new multiprocessor supercomputers under development.
Engagement of the Pd-1 Immunoinhibitory Receptor by a Novel B7 Family Member Leads to Negative Regulation of Lymphocyte Activation

PD-1 is an immunoinhibitory receptor expressed by activated T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells. Mice deficient in PD-1 exhibit a breakdown of peripheral tolerance and demonstrate multiple autoimmune features. We report here that the ligand of PD-1 (PD-L1) is a member of the B7 gene family. Engagement of PD-1 by PD-L1 leads to the inhibition of T cell receptor–mediated lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion. In addition, PD-1 signaling can inhibit at least suboptimal levels of CD28-mediated costimulation. PD-L1 is expressed by antigen-presenting cells, including human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with interferon γ, and activated human and murine dendritic cells. In addition, PD-L1 is expressed in nonlymphoid tissues such as heart and lung. The relative levels of inhibitory PD-L1 and costimulatory B7-1/B7-2 signals on antigen-presenting cells may determine the extent of T cell activation and consequently the threshold between tolerance and autoimmunity. PD-L1 expression on nonlymphoid tissues and its potential interaction with PD-1 may subsequently determine the extent of immune responses at sites of inflammation.
SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF CIRCULAR COLUMNS WITH LOW LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT RATIOS

Investigators tested two large-scale circular columns with low longitudinal reinforcement ratios under cyclic inelastic lateral displacements simulating seismic response. The first column had a longitudinal steel ratio of 0.5 percent--one-half that specified as a lower limit by American Concrete Institute (ACI) design rules--and was intended to investigate ductile flexural response of columns with low steel ratios. The second column, with 1.0 percent steel ratio, was intended to examine whether shear strength was influenced by steel ratio. Both columns performed well. The first column displayed stable flexural response at displacement ductilities up to or equal to 10 before failing in shear. The second column failed in shear at displacement ductilities up to or equal to 4, somewhat higher than the expected ductility level. Response of the two columns suggests that current lower design limits for steel ratio could be reduced without detrimental influence on flexural response, and that shear strength of columns does not seem to be influenced by longitudinal steel ratio.
Big-brained birds survive better in nature

Big brains are hypothesized to enhance survival of animals by facilitating flexible cognitive responses that buffer individuals against environmental stresses. Although this theory receives partial support from the finding that brain size limits the capacity of animals to behaviourally respond to environmental challenges, the hypothesis that large brains are associated with reduced mortality has never been empirically tested. Using extensive information on avian adult mortality from natural populations, we show here that species with larger brains, relative to their body size, experience lower mortality than species with smaller brains, supporting the general importance of the cognitive buffer hypothesis in the evolution of large brains.
rapid communication KCNJ 10 ( Kir 4 . 1 ) potassium channel knockout abolishes endocochlear potential

Marcus, Daniel C. , Tao Wu, Philine Wangemann, and Paulo Kofuji. KCNJ10 (Kir4.1) potassium channel knockout abolishes the endocochlear potential. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 282: C403–C407, 2002; 10.1152/ajpcell.00312. 2001. — Stria vascularis of the cochlea generates the endocochlear potential and secretes K . K is the main charge carrier and the endocochlear potential the main driving force for the sensory transduction that leads to hearing. Stria vascularis consists of two barriers, marginal cells that secrete potassium and basal cells that are coupled via gap junctions to intermediate cells. Mice lacking the KCNJ10 (Kir4.1) K channel in strial intermediate cells did not generate an endocochlear potential. Endolymph volume and K concentration ([K ]) were reduced. These studies establish that the KCNJ10 K channel provides the molecular mechanism for generation of the endocochlear potential in concert with other transport pathways that establish the [K ] difference across the channel. KCNJ10 is also a limiting pathway for K secretion.
1 SOLUBILITY OF WATER IN LUNAR BASALT AT LOW p H 2

We report the solubility of water in Apollo 15 basaltic ‘Yellow Glass’ and an iron-free basaltic analog composition at 1 atm and 1350 °C. We equilibrated melts in a 1-atm furnace with flowing H2/CO2 gas mixtures that spanned ~8 orders of magnitude in fO2 (from three orders of magnitude more reducing than the iron-wüstite buffer, IW−3.0, to IW+4.8) and ~4 orders of magnitude in pH2/pH2O (from 0.003 to 24). Based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), our quenched experimental glasses contain 69–425 ppm total water (by weight). Our results demonstrate that under the conditions of our experiments: (1) hydroxyl is the only H-bearing species detected by FTIR; (2) the solubility of water is proportional to the square root of pH2O in the furnace atmosphere and is independent of fO2 and pH2/pH2O; (3) the solubility of water is very similar in both melt compositions; (4) the concentration of H2 in our iron-free experiments is <~4 ppm, even at oxygen fugacities as low as IW−2.3 and pH2/pH2O as high as 11; (5) Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses of water in iron-rich glasses equilibrated under variable fO2 conditions may be strongly influenced by matrix effects, even when the concentration of water in the glasses is low; and (6) Our results can be used to constrain the entrapment pressure of lunar melt inclusions and the partial pressures of water and molecular hydrogen in the carrier gas of the lunar pyroclastic glass beads. We find that the most water-rich melt inclusion of Hauri et al. (2011) would be in equilibrium with a vapor with pH2O ~3 bar and pH2 ~8 bar. We constrain the partial pressures of water and molecular hydrogen in the carrier gas of the lunar pyroclastic glass beads to be 0.0005 bar and 0.0011 bar respectively. We calculate that batch degassing of lunar magmas containing initial volatile contents of 1200 ppm H2O (dissolved primarily as hydroxyl) and 4–64 ppm C would produce enough vapor to reach the critical vapor volume fraction thought to be required for magma
Non-antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia.

BACKGROUND Non-antiepileptic drugs have been used in trigeminal neuralgia management since the 1970s. OBJECTIVES The objective was to review systematically the efficacy of non-antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS (all to August 2005) and the Chinese Biomedical Retrieval System, the database of the Chinese Cochrane Center (The Cochrane Library, Issue 1 2005), conference paper databases and checked bibliographies. We handsearched ten Chinese journals. SELECTION CRITERIA We searched for randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors decided which trials fitted the inclusion criteria and graded methodological quality independently. MAIN RESULTS Nine trials of different non-antiepileptic drugs involving 223 participants were included. Each trial investigated one non-antiepileptic drug. Two trials tested baclofen. In one, more people gained 50% reduction from baseline than with placebo (relative risk 15.00, 95% CI 0.97 to 231.84, P value = 0.05). In the other, slightly more participants on baclofen had a 75% reduction in attacks on the 10th day compared with carbamazepine (relative risk 2.38, 95% CI 0.83 to 6.85, P value = 0.11). One trial showed no significant difference in reduction in average daily frequency of attacks with L-Baclofen compared with racemic baclofen. Tizanidine was investigated in two trials. In one, the proportion of people with reduction in the average number of paroxysms per day increased with tizanidine compared with placebo (relative risk 8.00, 95% CI 1.21 to 52.69, P value = 0.03). In the other, one of five participants improved in visual analog scale score with tizanidine and four of six with carbamazepine (relative risk 0.30, 95% CI 0.05 to 1.89, P value = 0.20). One study showed that the improvement in mean values of pain scores with tocainide was similar to that of carbamazepine. In one study more participants improved during the pimozide than the carbamazepine period (relative risk 1.78, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.28). In one study, proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% instillation into the eyes was not significantly different from placebo (relative risk 1.06, 95% CI 0.37 to 2.99, P value = 0.92). In another, there was moderate or marked improvement in seven of nine participants treated with clomipramine and three of nine with amitriptyline after a 12-week treatment (RR 2.33, 95% CI 0.87 to 6.27). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence from randomized controlled trials to show significant benefit from non-antiepileptic drugs in trigeminal neuralgia. More research is needed.
First Evidence of Placental Transfer of Ochratoxin A in Horses

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a renal mycotoxin and transplacental genotoxic carcinogen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the natural occurrence of OTA in equine blood samples and its placental transfer. For the assessment of OTA levels, serum samples were collected from 12 stallions, 7 cycling mares and 17 pregnant mares. OTA was found in 83% of serum samples (median value = 121.4 pg/mL). For the assessment of placental transfer, serum samples were collected from the 17 mares after delivery and from the umbilical cords of their foals, after foaling. Fourteen serum samples from pregnant mares contained OTA (median value = 106.5 pg/mL), but only 50% of their foals were exposed (median values = 96.6 pg/mL). HPLC analysis carried out on four serum samples (collected from two mares and their respective foals) supported the ELISA results on OTA placental transfer. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of OTA in horse serum samples and placental transfer in horses.
Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae Associated with Bacteremia among Patients with Pneumonia

ABSTRACT Some important virulence factors have been elucidated in Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. We investigated the relationship between virulence factors and multilocus sequence types (STs) and assessed the risk factors for bacteremia in patients with pneumonia due to K. pneumoniae. From April 2004 through April 2012, a total of 120 K. pneumoniae isolates from patients with pneumonia (23 with bacteremia and 97 without bacteremia) were collected from 10 medical institutions in Japan. Additionally, 10 strains of K. pneumoniae serotype K2 that were isolated >30 years ago were included in this study. These isolates were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and the characteristics of their virulence factors, such as hypermucoviscosity phenotype and RmpA and aerobactin production between patients with and without bacteremia, were examined. MLST analysis was performed on the 120 isolates from patients with pneumonia, and some sequence type groups were defined as genetic lineages (GLs). GL65 was more prevalent among patients with bacteremia (21.7%) than in those without bacteremia (7.2%). The majority of the strains with serotype K2 were classified into GL14 or GL65, and rmpA and the gene for aerobactin were present in all GL65-K2 strains but absent in all GL14-K2 strains. In a multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors for bacteremia included GL65 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 9.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.81 to 49.31), as well as neoplastic disease (AOR, 9.94; 95% CI, 2.61 to 37.92), immunosuppression (AOR, 17.85; 95% CI, 1.49 to 214.17), and hypoalbuminemia (AOR, 4.76; 95% CI, 1.29 to 17.61). GL65 was more prevalent among patients with bacteremia and was associated with the virulence factors of K. pneumoniae.
Noise modeling of transferred-substrate InP-DHBTs

This paper addresses noise modeling of transfersubstrate indium phosphide double heterobipolar transistors (InP DHBTs). Transistors with an emitter area of 0.8 × 6 μm2 (single-finger) and 2 × 0.8 × 6 μm2 (double-finger) are measured and simulated. It turns out that the correlation of shot-noise sources is negligible for these devices, although it was found in earlier works to be essential to describe GaAs HBT noise behavior. As a result, the work provides the basis for reliable extrapolation of noise performance beyond the frequency range provided by standard noise measurement equipment.
Candesartan prevents long-term impairment of renal function in response to neonatal partial unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Angiotensin II (ANG II) plays an important role in the development of obstructive nephropathy. Here, we examined the effects of the ANG II receptor type 1 (AT1R) blockade using candesartan on long-term renal molecular and functional changes in response to partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO). Newborn rats were subjected to severe PUUO or sham operation (Sham) within the first 48 h of life. Candesartan was provided in the drinking water (10 mg.kg(-1). day(-1)) from day 21 of life until 10 wk of age. Renal blood flow (RBF) was evaluated by MRI, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured using the renal clearance of (51)Cr-EDTA, and the renal expression of Na-K-ATPase and the collecting duct water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) was examined by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. At 10 wk of age, PUUO significantly reduced RBF (0.8 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.1 ml.min(-1). 100 g body wt(-1); P < 0.05) and GFR (37 +/- 16 vs. 448 +/- 111 microl.min(-1). 100 g body wt(-1); P < 0.05) compared with Sham. Candesartan prevented the RBF reduction (PUUO+CAN: 1.6 +/- 0.2 vs. PUUO: 0.8 +/- 0.1 ml.min(-1). 100 g body wt(-1); P < 0.05) and attenuated the GFR reduction (PUUO+CAN: 265 +/- 68 vs. PUUO: 37 +/- 16 microl.min(-1). 100 g body wt(-1); P < 0.05). PUUO was also associated with a significant downregulation in the expression of Na-K-ATPase (75 +/- 12 vs. 100 +/- 5%, P < 0.05) and AQP2 (52 +/- 15 vs. 100 +/- 4%, P < 0.05), which were also prevented by candesartan (Na-K-ATPase: 103 +/- 8 vs. 100 +/- 5% and AQP2: 74 +/- 13 vs. 100 +/- 4%). These findings were confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Consistent with this, candesartan treatment partly prevented the reduction in solute free water reabsorption and attenuated fractional sodium excretion in rats with PUUO. In conclusion, candesartan prevents or attenuates the reduction in RBF, GFR and dysregulation of AQP2 and Na-K-ATPase in response to congenital PUUO in rats, suggesting that AT1R blockade may protect the neonatally obstructed kidney against development of obstructive nephropathy.
Influence of time and temperature on reactions and transformations of muscovite mica

AbstractMembers of the mica group of clay minerals are important constituents of clays used as raw materials for the production of bricks, tiles, and clay pipes. Using muscovite, K2 Al4 (Si6 Al2 )O20 (OH)4 ), as the pure end member representative of the mica group, their thermal behaviour has been determined and is expressed as a time–temperature–transformation (TTT) diagram. Water loss occurs over a prolonged temperature range with no discrete event resulting in significant weight loss. The thermal decomposition of muscovite is dominated by the presence initially of the three sheet types which make up the layered mica structure. Initially γ-Al2O3 and then corundum form from the octahedrally co-ordinated aluminous sheet which is sandwiched by two tetrahedral sheets. With potassium from the interlayer site, the tetrahedral sheets break down to form a melt, from which leucite crystallises. Topotactic influences of this type account for the failure of muscovite to produce potassium feldspar and mullite as pr.
A Distributed Flow Control with Backward Propagation

In this paper, using an autonomous and distributed approach, we aim at realizing a control mechanism, which is scalable in terms of the network size, for joint optimization of the multi-path routing and bandwidth allocation (MRBA). Multi-path routing is to determine multiple paths from the source node to the sink node such that the traffic demand by the source node can be successfully transferred to the sink node as well as the total network cost can be minimized. Bandwidth allocation is to decide the amount of bandwidth assigned to the flow at every link along multi-paths from the source node to the sink node, which are chosen by the multi-path routing. In this paper, we propose a distributed and scalable flow control mechanism called DFC-BP (Distributed Flow Control with Backward Propagation), which simultaneously solves multi-path routing and bandwidth allocation. DFC-BP is an autonomous and decentralized hop-by-hop flow control mechanism which can minimize the total network cost utilizing the backward propagation from downstream nodes to upstream nodes. We also investigate the effectiveness of DFC-BP in terms of efficiency, transient performance, adaptability, and parameter sensitivity through simulation experiments. Our findings include that the total network cost realized by DFC-BP is comparable to that by a centralized heuristic algorithm, and that DFC-BP quickly adapts to the occurrence of multiple link failures.
The surgical management of vaginal vault prolapse

Dear Sir, Mr Dave suggests that a major degree of uterine descent is a major factor allowing vaginal oophorectomy. In fact of 64 patients with third degree descent, 24 had UnfaVoUrdbk factors such as obesity, nulliparity or an enlarged uterus, but oophorectomy at vaginal hysterectomy was achieved in every case. There is no doubt that marked descent makes the ovaries more accessible. However, the single most important factor is to begin the learning process with easy cases and to progress in stages to oophorectomy when there is little descent. In 428 patients with first and second degree uterine descent, vaginal oophorectomy was possible in 413 (96%). It was interesting to note that direct ablation of ovary at vaginal hysterectomy can be performed safely using a bipolar cautery. Shirish S. Sheth Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology King Edward Memorial Hospital & Sheth G.S. Medical College Parel Bombay 400 012 India effective treatment; certainly the world is not waiting for proof of that. Nevertheless, it is not too late for well-designed studies.