Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suppression of C3H/HeJ cell activation by lipopolysaccharide endotoxin

Earlier studies in our laboratory showed that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Salmonella typhi, which fails to activate B lymphocytes of C3H/HeJ mice, can suppress proliferation and polyclonal antibody synthesis by these cells when they are stimulated by polyclonal activators. In order to determine what stage of the cell cycle was blocked, resting B cells from C3H/HeJ spleens were activated by using different mitogens in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of LPS and analyzed by flow cytometry, using acridine orange to stain DNA and RNA. LPS was found to inhibit the progression of cells into the G1 stage of the cell cycle. Furthermore, [3H]uridine uptake studies showed that RNA synthesis is inhibited during the early phase of activation. These results indicate that inhibition by LPS of the signalling process occurs during a critical period of the cell cycle when the cells become susceptible to the inhibitory effects of LPS. To examine whether LPS acts only on B cells or whether it can suppress other immunocompetent cells from C3H/HeJ mice, studies were carried out on activated thymocytes and macrophages. LPS was found to inhibit thymocyte proliferation stimulated by concanavalin A or the combination of phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. Prostaglandin E2 synthesis by macrophages was also blocked by LPS. Thus, LPS is a potent inhibitor of the functioning of the major immunocompetent cells of C3H/HeJ mice.
Progression of periodontal disease in a maintenance population of smokers and non-smokers: a 3-year longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is accepted as an important factor that increases the risk for the initiation and progress of chronic periodontitis. However, the effect of cigarette smoking on the recurrence of disease in patients undergoing regular maintenance therapy is less understood. Therefore, we set out to assess disease progression longitudinally in smoking and non-smoking subjects with chronic periodontitis undergoing periodontal maintenance therapy every 3 to 4 months. METHODS A total of 108 subjects undergoing regular maintenance therapy for chronic periodontitis were followed over a 3-year period. Self-reports of smoking status were confirmed by analysis of exhaled carbon monoxide concentrations. Clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], clinical attachment loss [CAL], probing depth [PD], and tooth loss) were recorded at yearly reevaluation visits. The study was carried out in a university hospital setting. RESULTS Longitudinal measurements were obtained from 81 (75%) subjects. There were no differences in inflammatory indices at baseline or over time (PI and BOP; both P >0.05) between smokers (N = 16; age: 54 +/- 6 years) and non-smokers (N = 65; age: 59 +/- 14 years). Likewise, there was no difference between the smoking groups with respect to disease progression (measured as changes in prevalence [number] and proportion [percentage] of progressing sites and as mean CAL, PD, and tooth loss; all P >0.05). CONCLUSION In this small population, regular maintenance treatment in a cross-section of highly motivated subjects with chronic periodontitis seemed to be equally successful in preventing progressive periodontal tissue destruction in current smokers and current non-smokers.
[Epidemiologic characteristics of endemic nephropathy in Croatia in 2005].

INTRODUCTION Endemic nephropathy (EN) is chronic renal disease of unknown etiology, characterized with ominous onset and progressive clinical course. It occurs in rural areas in values of tributaries of the river Danube. According to the census from 2001, 10865 farmers live in Croatian endemic focus, i. e. 14 villages in Brod Posavina County. Apart from kidney impairment, high incidence of urothelial cancers is a hallmark of EN. Due to this, most agents that have been investigated were nephrotoxic and carcinogen. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS In the last 25 years approximately 70% of 13 Croatian endemic villages' inhabitants were examined following WHO criteria. In spring 2005, 1081 inhabitants of 3 endemic villages (Kaniza, Bebrina, Banovci) and control village of Klakar were examined using the same criteria, and persons were divided as follows: diseased of EN, suspect of having EN, at risk for EN and others. RESULTS In the group of 1081 persons, we found 25 diseased of EN (12 men and 13 women): Bebrina 11, Banovci 9, Kaniza 5 (chi2 = 8.06; p < 0.05). Prevalence of EN in Kaniza was 0.6%, Bebrina 2.1% and Banovci 2.3%, while prevalence of suspect of EN was 1.7%, 6%, 6%, respectively. One fifth of inhabitants were at risk of having EN. CONCLUSION This epidemiologic survey that was conducted in spring 2005 found out that prevalence of EN in Croatia is approximately the same as it was in the last decades. Apart from renal impairment, high incidence of urothelial cancers is characteristic of EN in this region. In addition to medical and scientific, we will need social and political help in elucidating the etiology of EN as well as in improving treatment and cure of this poor rural population.
Faculty and Student Perceptions of the Importance of Management Skills in the Hospitality Industry

(CC BY-NC 4.0) This article is licensed to you under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. When you copy and redistribute this paper in full or in part, you need to provide proper attribution to it to ensure that others can later locate this work (and to ensure that others do not accuse you of plagiarism). You may (and we encourage you to) adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any non-commercial purposes. This license does not permit you to use this material for commercial purposes. FACULTY AND STUDENT PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT SKILLS IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Evaluation of the Effect of Maxıllary Sinus Augmentatıon on the Maxillary Sınus Volume and Sinus Physiology: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Follow-Up

Sinus lift ameliyati posterior maksilladaki reziduel kemik miktarinin arttirilmasi icin yapilan islemdir. Sinus elevasyon ameliyatindan sonra hastalarin cogunda ameliyata bagli patoloji gelismese de bu ameliyat sinus fizyolojisi icin risk tasimaktadir. Ilgili bolgenin kemik kalinliginin olculmesinde KIBT daha net sonuclar vermektedir. Bu calismanin amaci sinus cerrahisi sonrasinda augmente edilmis kemik hacmi ve total sinus hacmini, krestal diseti kalinligi ve Schneiderian membran kalinligi arasindaki iliskini ucboyutlu olarak degerlendirmektir. Calismaya dahil edilmis 22 hastaya iki asamali sinus yukseltme ameliyati uygulanmis, ameliyat sonrasinda da herhangi bir komplikasyon gelismemistir. Tum hastalarin ameliyattan onceki ve sonraki KIBT goruntuleri detayli incelenmistir. Sinus kvitesinin ortalama greftlenmis kismi %14,87 olarak tespit edilmistir. Sinus kavitesinin osteomeatal uniteye ve dolayisiyla sinus fizyolojisine zarar vermeden greftlenmesi, sinusun greftlenebilir guvenli hacminin asilmadigi anlamina gelmektedir. Schneiderian membran kalinligi ve krestal diseti kalinligi arasinda korrelasyon tespit edilmemistir.
Outsourcing FrameNet to the Crowd

We present the first attempt to perform full FrameNet annotation with crowdsourcing techniques. We compare two approaches: the first one is the standard annotation methodology of lexical units and frame elements in two steps, while the second is a novel approach aimed at acquiring frames in a bottom-up fashion, starting from frame element annotation. We show that our methodology, relying on a single annotation step and on simplified role definitions, outperforms the standard one both in terms of accuracy and time.
Trends and Variability of Wheat Crop in Pakistan

The main focus of the study was to analyze trends and variability of wheat crop in Pakistan. Semi-log trend model was used to find trends and growth rate in area, yield and production of wheat crop whereas the variability was measured by Cuddy-Della Valle index of variability. The findings of the study illustrate that wheat area in Punjab, Sindh and Baluchistan was increased over the time whereas cultivated area of wheat in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province was marginally decreased during 1981-85 to 2011-15. The results show that there was substantial increase in wheat yield and production in all four provinces of Pakistan. The increase in wheat yield may due to the adoption of new varieties of wheat in the country over the time. It was also concluded from the results that area and yield of wheat in Baluchistan recorded the highest degree of variability whereas in Punjab province area and yield of wheat crop were noticed the lowest degree of variability. Similarly, the maximum variability in wheat production was recorded for Baluchistan province followed by Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Punjab. Mostly the variability in wheat production was due to the variability in wheat area and their yield.
Processing angry and neutral faces in post-traumatic stress disorder: an event-related potentials study

This study examined evoked response potentials (ERPs) to angry and neutral faces in 15 individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 15 age and sex-matched controls over temporal (T5,T6) and occipital (O1,O2) regions. Twenty faces with an angry expression were alternated with 20 faces with a neutral emotional expression. There were significantly larger early negative (N110) and late negative (N650) ERP components in controls to the angry compared to the neutral faces. The PTSD group did not display ERP differences between angry and neutral faces, and the amplitude of their negative waveforms were reduced relative to controls. These findings may reflect adaptive, rapid responding to potential threat in the controls, and a reduced capacity to discriminate between non-threat and generalized threat stimuli in PTSD.
Audiologic and tympanometric findings in children with cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the otologic and audiologic status of 50 children with repaired cleft lip, cleft palate, or both in Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. DESIGN Audiometric and tympanometric evaluation of 100 ears in 50 children were performed. Hearing levels < or = 15 dB and middle ear pressures between -50 to +50 decaPascals were considered to be normal. Results were examined according to cleft type and laterality. The least and most affected frequencies were calculated. A simple evaluation of speech characteristics including nasal resonance, nasal air escape, and errors of articulation was also performed. RESULTS Sixty-three of the 100 ears had normal hearing status, whereas 40 had normal middle ear pressures. No evidence was found to suggest that individual cleft type and laterality of the ear had any effect on hearing loss or middle ear disease. Two-thirds of the patients had normal or acceptable degree of language skills. CONCLUSION The final hearing status of patients with cleft palate is a result of a combination of surgical correction, developmental factors, and treatment of middle ear disease. Early and aggressive ventilation tube placement is the standard of cleft care in many countries. Our long-term hearing outcome is relatively good in a population not treated with routine insertion of ventilation tubes. The majority of patients also have satisfactory speech. Patients with cleft palate should have close follow-up for middle ear disease, but further research is warranted to determine the aggressive usage of ventilation tubes.
Senses of responsibility. A challenge for occupational and physical therapists in the context of ongoing professionalization.

The aim of this paper was to delineate different senses of responsibility in the therapeutic relationship between occupational and physical therapists and their patients, in the context of ongoing professionalization. To assist the analysis of the therapists' responsibilities, Ozar's guild and interactive relationship models were employed. The questions with regard to each model asked how the model might be used in order to describe the therapists' professional development in general, and specifically their professional responsibilities. Based on earlier findings, the professional development of the therapy groups has developed in line with both the guild and interactive models, i.e. some therapists have adopted the former and others the latter. Whether therapists in general, in recent years, have shifted their paradigm, and consequently also their choice of relationship model, is a question that necessitates further research. However, based on the results from the analysis here, it seems relevant to propose that therapists, with a renewed sense of urgency, should use Ozar's models as tools for reflection on the development of their professional responsibilities in the therapist-patient relationship, in the frame of a rehabilitation paradigm.
Prevention of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate-Induced Mechanical Nociception by Intrathecal Administration of Ketoprofen and Ketamine in Sheep

BACKGROUND:Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists reduce pain hypersensitivity when given by the intrathecal (i.t.) route, but their combined effects have hardly been studied. We assessed the effects of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug ketoprofen and the NMDA receptor channel blocker ketamine, given alone and in combination, on mechanical nociceptive thresholds in sheep implanted with indwelling cervical i.t. catheters. METHODS:Sheep were given, by i.t. catheter, ketoprofen (200–3200 &mgr;M; 100 &mgr;L) and ketamine (25–400 &mgr;M; 100 &mgr;L) alone or in combination (837.95–3350.78 &mgr;M; 100 &mgr;L; 0.955:0.045 proportion). They also received NMDA (2 mM; 100 &mgr;L) preceded by the highest concentration of ketoprofen and ketamine alone or in combination. Saline solution (0.9%; 100 &mgr;L) and xylazine (1.95 mM; 100 &mgr;L) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. RESULTS:Xylazine significantly increased the area under the nociceptive threshold versus time curve values (AUC) for 30, 60, and 180 min posttreatment. Ketoprofen and ketamine, alone and in combination, produced no significant effect on AUC values. NMDA alone decreased the AUC value for 30 min posttreatment. This pain hypersensitivity was prevented by preadministering ketoprofen and ketamine alone and in combination. CONCLUSIONS:In sheep, i.t. administration of ketoprofen and ketamine, alone or together, produced no hypoalgesia; however, they prevented NMDA-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Ketoprofen and ketamine may have therapeutic potential in conditions associated with persistent pain.
Protective Action of a Hydroalcoholic Extract of a Vinifera Grape Skin on Experimental Preeclampsia in Rats

Objective: This study was designed to determine the protective effects of a vinifera grape skins extract (GSE, 200 mg/kg/day) on the deleterious effect observed in experimental preeclampsia, a condition where reduced nitric oxide production and increase in oxidative stress are present. Methods: A condition similar to preeclampsia was induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by L-NAME (60 mg/kg/day, orally) in pregnant rats. Blood pressure (systolic, mean and diastolic) was measured with the tail cuff method on day 20 of pregnant control rats; pregnant rats treated with L-NAME, L-NAME plus GSE or GSE from day 13 to day 20 of pregnancy. Glucose was infused in anesthetized pregnant rats at day 20 and blood glucose and insulin were estimated at time zero, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after beginning of glucose infusion. The number of fetus alive was also estimated at day 20 of pregnancy. In parallel, blood pressure was measured in non-pregnant and in non-pregnant rats treated with L-NAME during 7 days. Results: Increase in arterial pressure, reduction of alive fetus at the end of pregnancy and increase in insulin resistance was observed in pregnant L-NAME rats but not in pregnant L-NAME plus GSE rats or in pregnant GSE rats. Increase in arterial pressure was also observed in non-pregnant L-NAME rats. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a protective effect of GSE in experimental preeclampsia since the deleterious effect induced by L‐NAME that is, increased in stillbirth, hypertension and insulin resistance were significantly reduced by oral treatment with the extract. Probably an endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect and an antioxidant action play an important role on the effects of GSE in experimental preeclampsia.
Physical Models of Layered Polar Firn Brightness Temperatures From 0.5 to 2 GHz

We investigate physical effects influencing 0.5-2 GHz brightness temperatures of layered polar firn to support the Ultra Wide Band Software Defined Radiometer (UWBRAD) experiment to be conducted in Greenland and in Antarctica. We find that because ice particle grain sizes are very small compared to the 0.5-2 GHz wavelengths, volume scattering effects are small. Variations in firn density over cm- to m-length scales, however, cause significant effects. Both incoherent and coherent models are used to examine these effects. Incoherent models include a “cloud model” that neglects any reflections internal to the ice sheet, and the DMRT-ML and MEMLS radiative transfer codes that are publicly available. The coherent model is based on the layered medium implementation of the fluctuation dissipation theorem for thermal microwave radiation from a medium having a nonuniform temperature. Density profiles are modeled using a stochastic approach, and model predictions are averaged over a large number of realizations to take into account an averaging over the radiometer footprint. Density profiles are described by combining a smooth average density profile with a spatially correlated random process to model density fluctuations. It is shown that coherent model results after ensemble averaging depend on the correlation lengths of the vertical density fluctuations. If the correlation length is moderate or long compared with the wavelength (~0.6x longer or greater for Gaussian correlation function without regard for layer thinning due to compaction), coherent and incoherent model results are similar (within ~1 K). However, when the correlation length is short compared to the wavelength, coherent model results are significantly different from the incoherent model by several tens of kelvins. For a 10-cm correlation length, the differences are significant between 0.5 and 1.1 GHz, and less for 1.1-2 GHz. Model results are shown to be able to match the v-pol SMOS data closely and predict the h-pol data for small observation angles.
Long-term outcome of triple therapy in Helicobacter pylori-related nonulcer dyspepsia: a prospective controlled assessment.

OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether triple therapy alters the history of Helicobacter pylori (HP)-related nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD). METHODS Forty-one young (<45 yr) dyspeptic patients were confirmed to be HP-related NUD by serology, rapid urease test, and antral biopsy. Endoscopy excluded the presence of ulcer. These cases were randomly plotted into control (n = 21) and triple therapy (n = 20) groups. In the former group, H2 blocker was given for 2 months and then intermittent antisecretory agents for up to 1 yr. In the latter group, 20 patients received a course of triple therapy and then were treated like the control group. The symptom scores (range: 0-10) were collected on enrollment, and at the end of 2nd, 6th, and 12th months. Each case had serial tests of HP IgG ELISA titer on start, at weeks 2, 4, and 8, at the 6th month, and at the end of the 1st yr. The second endoscopy was done in the 9th wk for eradication survey, and the third endoscopy, at the end of the 1st yr to resurvey the HP status. The histological gradings of biopsy specimens, sampled on each endoscopy, were compared. RESULTS In the triple therapy group, the rate of eradication of HP was 75%. At he end of the 2nd month, the HP-eradicated cases of the triple therapy group improved the symptom score more significantly then the noneradicated cases (2.42+/-1.37 vs.4.76+/-1.58, p <0.001). At the ends of the 6th month and 1st yr, the symptom scores of the eradicated cases improved more significantly than those of the control group (6th month, 0.61+/-1.18 vs.] 2.66+/-2.06; 1st yr, 0.82+/-1.17 vs.] 3.56+/-2.89, p <0.001). The decline trend of ELISA titers occurred only in eradicated cases and became significantly evident from the 4th wk (0.30+/-0.15 vs.] 0.49+/-0.07, p <0.05) and thereafter. Both acute and chronic pathological grading was improved in the triple group at the end of the 1st yr (acute, 1.95-0.46; chronic, 1.9-0.92; p <0,01) CONCLUSION Compared with control therapy at 1 yr, triple therapy showed greater symptomatic, serological, and histological improvements. Therefore, triple therapy is beneficial to symptomatic HP-related NUD.
Quantal Analysis of Endplate Potentials in Mouse Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

The isolated flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle from mice is extremely well suited to rapid acquisition of data and analysis of neurotransmitter release and action at neuromuscular junctions, because the muscle and its tibial nerve supply are simple to dissect and its constituent muscle fibers are short (<1 mm) and isopotential along their length. Methods are described here for dissection of FDB, stimulation of the tibial nerve, microelectrode recording from individual muscle fibers, and quantal analysis of endplate potentials (EPPs) and miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs). Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 1:429‐444 © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Selective Usage of VH Genes in Adult Human B Lymphocyte Repertoires

The authors have compared the VH gene utilization patterns among small resting immunocompetent B cells and large naturally activated B lymphocytes of healthy human adults. They employed a non‐radioactive RNA in situ hybridization technique that allows detection of VH gene family expression at the single cell level. Pokeweed mitogen stimulated and unmanipulated mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and spleen of unrelated individuals were hybridized to digoxigenin‐labelled antisense RNA probes specific for human VH families 1–6 and for the constant region genes Cμ and Cγ. The observed VH gene family utilization patterns did not correlate with the genomic complexity of human VH genes. The VH3 gene family was most frequently used among resting B cells in both peripheral blood and spleen. Among naturally activated lymphocytes the VH6 gene was markedly over‐represented, while expression of the VH1 and VH3 gene families was decreased. The data show that V‐region mediated selection participates in shaping the peripheral antibody repertoire in healthy adults.