Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards knowledge building: reflecting on teachers' roles and professional learning in communities of practice

This study was undertaken in conjunction with the Successful Integration of Learning Technologies (SILT) Project in Victorian state schools, and its purpose was to identify the forms of teachers’ professional practice that enhance knowledge building, in order to inform teacher development policy and pre-service education. Knowledge building is based on a constructivist approach to learning and teaching, and this, in conjunction with the spread of learning technologies, is said to have greatly changed the role of the teacher in the classroom: from the expert dispensing knowledge to the facilitator of student learning. Using an ethnographic approach based particularly on observation and reflective conversation with teacher participants, the study identified current and emerging roles of teachers using computers in their classrooms. Three substantive roles were identified: designing the learning environment, managing people and resources and mediating student learning. A fourth role, improving practice, captures the workplace learning that is recognised by all teachers in this study. Teachers demonstrated these interdependent roles to varying extents, individually and, in some cases, collaboratively. There were hints of specialisation that could lead to a future separation of roles, or aspects of roles. By recording single instances of emerging practices as well as the more frequent occurrences, the findings indicated a range of characteristics pertaining to each role, presented as a framework, which can inform teacher education and lifelong learning. In turn, these were considered in light of Wenger’s (1998) theory of communities of practice, in terms of individual classrooms and of schools as constellations of communities. Knowledge-building teachers were members of deep and strong local communities whose task was co-constructing knowledge. They recognised that technology could be used for consumption, (re)production and creation purposes, and they used open frameworks as structures, which allowed students to explore and construct knowledge. They also acted as brokers, crossing boundaries to communicate
Finding a preferred diverse set of Pareto-optimal solutions for a limited number of function calls

Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization aims at finding a diverse set of Pareto-optimal solutions whereof the decision maker can choose the solution that fits best to her or his preferences. In case of limited time (of function evaluations) for optimization this preference information may be used to speed up the search by making the algorithm focus directly on interesting areas of the objective space. The R-NSGA-II algorithm [1] uses reference points to which the search is guided specified according to the preferences of the user. In this paper, we propose an extension to R-NSGA-II that limits the Pareto-fitness to speed up the search for a limited number of function calls. It avoids to automatically select all solutions of the first front of the candidate set into the next population. In this way non-preferred Pareto-optimal solutions are not considered thereby accelerating the search process. With focusing comes the necessity to maintain diversity. In R-NSGA-II this is achieved with the help of a clustering algorithm which keeps the found solutions above a minimum distance ε. In this paper, we propose a self-adaptive ε approach that autonomously provides the decision maker with a more diverse solution set if the found Pareto-set is situated further away from a reference point. Similarly, the approach also varies the diversity inside of the Pareto-set. This helps the decision maker to get a better overview of the available solutions and supports decisions about how to adapt the reference points.
Neural Correlates of warning Warning signals influence motor processing

5 Figures 28 Pages (including references and figure captions) Summary When observers initiate responses to visual targets, they do so sooner when a preceding stimulus indicates that the target will appear shortly. This consequence of a warning signal may change neural activity in one of four ways. On the sensory side, the warning signal may speed up the rate at which the target is registered by the brain or enhance the magnitude of its signal. On the motor end, the warning signal may lower the threshold required to initiate a response or speed up the rate at which activity accumulates to reach threshold. Here, we describe which explanation is better supported. To accomplish this end, monkeys performed different versions of a cue-target task, while we monitored the activity of visuomotor and motor neurons in the superior colliculus. Although the cue target task was designed to measure the properties of reflexive spatial attention, there are two events in this task that produce non-specific warning effects: a central reorienting event (brightening of central fixation marker) that is used to direct attention away from the cue, and the presentation of the cue itself. Monopolizing upon these tendencies, we show that warning effects are associated with several changes in neural activity: the target-related response is enhanced, the threshold for initiating a saccade is lowered, and the rate at which activity accumulates towards threshold rises faster. Ultimately, the accumulation of activity towards threshold predicted behavior most closely. In the discussion, we describe the implications and limitations of these data for theories of warning effects and potential avenues for future research. 3 of 31 The study of warning effects is one of the oldest topics in the field of Psychology. Wundt (1881) observed that participants initiate responses sooner when a stimulus (the warning signal) indicates that the target will appear shortly (cited in Hackley & Valle-Inclán, 2003; James, 1890; Fig. 1A). Since this time, many different ideas have circulated regarding how warning signals exert their effect. Some researchers have proposed that warning signals influence sensory or perceptual processing, whereas others have proposed that warning signals influence response selection or the execution of action. In this study, our goal was to translate these different models into direct predictions that could be tested in single neuron neurophysiology (Fig. 1B). The sensory/perceptual accounts propose that a warning signal modifies how the target is processed in the brain. There are …
Functional role(s) of phagosomal Rab GTPases

Rab GTPases are at the central node of the machinery that regulates trafficking of organelles, including phagosomes. Thanks to the unique combination of high quality phagosome purification with highly sensitive proteomic studies, the network of Rab proteins that are dynamically associated with phagosomes during the process of maturation of this organelle is relatively well known. Whereas the phagosomal functions of many of the Rab proteins associated with phagosomes are characterized, the role(s) of most of these trafficking regulators remains to be identified. In some cases, even when the function in the context of phagosome biology is described, phagosomal Rab proteins seem to have similar roles. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the identity and function of phagosomal Rab GTPases, with a particular emphasis on new evidence that clarify these seemingly overlapping Rab functions during phagosome maturation.
A STUDY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC APPROACH USED BY ENGLISH TEACHER IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO LOW LEVEL STUDENTS AT SMP IN MALANG

This research concerns with the implementation of scientific approach used by English teacher in teaching English to low level students at SMP in Malang. In addition, the purposes of this research are to investigate the procedure of English teacher in implementing scientific approach; to identify the problems faced by the English teacher in implementing the scientific approach; and to find out the English teacherÂ’s solutions of the problems in implementing scientific approach in teaching English to low level students at SMP in Malang. This research used descriptive qualitative design because it was intended to know the implementation of scientific approach used by English teacher in teaching English. Furthermore, this research was used to describe the implementation of scientific approach used by English teacher in teaching English to low level students at SMP in Malang. Moreover, the instruments that used in this research were documentation, observation, and semi- or partially structured interview. Based on the result of data analysis, the researcher can conclude that the English teacher could apply the scientific approach but he could not apply in accordance with the Ministry of National Education and Culture. Furthermore, he implemented the scientific approach which was different from the rule from the Ministry of National Education and Culture. He put associating step after experimenting step. (1) Observing, (2) questioning, (3) experimenting, (4) associating, (5) networking or communicating. Therefore, the English teacher faced many problems like the students were not active in the class and the lack of time. The English teacher had tried to make the students active in certain way like doing activities outdoor, but it did not make all of them active. So, the class became the teacher-centered. Then the lack of time, the teacher had 2 hours (2X40 minutes) in each meeting. Furthermore, there was a schedule that 2 hours is divided into two, before and after break time. It also made the students did not focus in the material. In addition, the English teacher coped with the problems by guiding the students in every step. Further, the teacher asked the coordinator of the group to manage their member. This was the reason why the teacher mostly made the discussion in the group rather than individually in the class.
Crisis squeezes income and puts pressure on inequality and poverty

The OECD’s report on income inequality, Divided We Stand (2011), documented that the gap between rich and poor in OECD countries had widened continuously over the three decades to 2008, reaching an all-time high. New OECD data show that the global economic crisis has squeezed incomes from work and capital in most countries. Excluding the mitigating effects of the welfare state, via taxes and transfers on income, inequality has increased by more over the past three years to the end of 2010 than in the previous twelve. Tax-benefit systems, reinforced by fiscal stimulus policies, were able to absorb most of this impact and alleviate some of the pain. But, as the economic and especially the jobs crisis persists and fiscal consolidation takes hold, there is a growing risk that the most vulnerable in society will be hit harder as the cost of the crisis increases.
Essays on macroeconometric modelling: housing and financial markets in the light of inflation targeting monetary policy.Evidence from the United Kingdom

The aim of this study is to present four essays related to the macroeconometric modelling of specific relations within the economy of the United Kingdom for the period 1992-2012. The focal point of these essays is the link between inflation targeting monetary policy decision making and housing or financial prices. In particular, we investigate whether traditional channels of monetary policy are still in effect under the adopted monetary policy regime. At the same time, findings associated with the specific relation between both asset markets or with the various working assumptions which facilitate our investigation are also reported. The specific econometric methods employed include the development of structural vector autoregressive (SVAR), Markov regime-switching, as well as, multivariate generalised autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic (MGARCH) models. The formulation of these models is predicated upon the selection of appropriate approximations for all financial and macroeconomic indicators of interest. The main findings of the first essay suggest that under the inflation targeting monetary policy regime, innovations in the monetary policy instrument have no direct effect on the stock market as previously suggested by traditional channels of monetary policy. The said innovations though, appear to have a significant negative impact on the housing market. Furthermore, variation in the stock market can be explained by innovations in the housing market. Turning to the second essay, prominent among our results is the fact that innovations in fiscal policy have a significantly negative effect on the stock market (direct impact). In addition, the effects of monetary policy on the stock market also become negative (indirect impact). According to the third essay when both the stock and the housing market are in a highly volatile regime, then contractionary monetary policy pushes both markets to remain at that regime. Finally, the main outcome from the fourth essay is that the time-varying correlation between monetary policy and housing or financial prices becomes stronger during turbulent times. Overall, our findings suggest that within an inflation targeting monetary policy regime the effects of monetary policy decisions on the stock market strongly depend on the broader economic conditions. By contrast, traditional monetary policy channels with respect to the housing market appear to be in effect; however, broader economic conditions have a key role to play in this case as well.
Therapeutic effects of massage therapy and handling touch on caregivers of patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of massage therapy and Healing Touch on anxiety, depression, subjective caregiver burden, and fatigue experienced by caregivers of patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant. DESIGN Quasi-experimental repeated measures. SETTING Oncology/hematology outpatient clinic in a large midwestern city. SAMPLE 36 caregivers: 13 in the control group, 13 in the massage therapy group, and 10 in the Healing Touch group. Average age was 51.5 years; most participants were Caucasian. METHODS All caregivers completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Subjective Burden Scale, and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 before and after treatment consisting of two 30-minute massages or Healing Touch treatments per week for three weeks. Caregivers in the control group received usual nursing care and a 10-minute supportive visit from one of the researchers. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Anxiety, depression, subjective burden, fatigue, Healing Touch, massage therapy. FINDINGS Results showed significant declines in anxiety scores, depression, general fatigue, reduced motivation fatigue, and emotional fatigue for individuals in the massage therapy group only. In the Healing Touch group, anxiety and depression scores decreased, and fatigue and subjective burden increased, but these changes did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Caregivers can benefit from massage therapy in the clinic setting. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Oncology nurses care for both patients and their caregivers. Although some transplant programs provide services to support lay caregivers, studies indicate that these individuals continue to feel stressed by their situation. Massage might be one intervention that can be used by nurses to decrease feelings of stress in patients' caregivers.
Cloning and Characterization of Siglec-10, a Novel Sialic Acid Binding Member of the Ig Superfamily, from Human Dendritic Cells*

The Siglecs (sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins) are a subfamily of I-type lectins, which specifically recognize sialic acids. Nine members of the family have been identified thus far. We have obtained a novel cDNA clone from a human dendritic cell cDNA library encoding a protein with sequence and structural features of the Siglec family, hence designated as Siglec-10. The full-length Siglec-10 cDNA encodes a type 1 transmembrane protein containing four extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail with two classical immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs. The N-terminal V-set Ig domain has most of the amino acid residues typical of the Siglecs. Siglec-10 shows the closest homology to Siglec-5 and Siglec-3/CD33. Various cells and cell lines including monocytes and dendritic cells express Siglec-10. High levels of mRNA expression were seen in peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen, and liver. When expressed on COS-7 cells, Siglec-10 was able to bind human red blood cells and soluble sialoglycoconjugates in a sialic acid-dependent manner. The identification of Siglec-10 as a new Siglec family member and its expression profile, together with its sialic acid-dependent binding capacity, suggest that it may be involved in cell-cell recognition by interacting with sialylated ligands expressed on specific cell populations.
Echinacea as immunostimulatory agent in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) via earthen pond experiment.

Twelve hundred Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), average body weight of 4.5 ± 0.2 g, were used to investigate the effect of Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) on the growth rate and disease resistance of fish reared in earthen ponds. They were equally and randomly distributed in six circular earthen ponds (100 m) at a stocking rate of 2 fish m. Three ponds were randomly assigned for as treatment replicates and the remaining 3 ponds as controls. The control group (gp.1) was given a balanced diet while the treatment group (gp. 2) was given the same diet supplemented by Echinacea at a rate of 0.25 ppt on a dry weight basis. The fish were fed twice daily at a rate of 3% body weight per day for 6 months. Growth and survival rates were recorded at the end of the experiment. The immunostimlatory effects, of Echinacea, were determined from differences between treatment and control groups in survival rate, total and differential leukocytic counts and nitroblue tetrazolium values. A challenge test was conducted using 90 tilapia from each group (30 fish/replicate) by I/P inoculation with 0.5 ml suspension culture of the pathogen Pseudomonas fluorescens (10 bacteria ml ). The mortality rate was recorded for 7 days post-challenge. Group (2) showed a significant increase in body weight gain, specific growth rate, hematocrit values, lysozyme activities and total leukocytic counts, especially in terms of lymphocytes and eosinophils when compared with the control (gp. 1). The survival rate was significantly increased in gp. (2), with and without challenge, when compared with gp. (1). No significant changes were observed in the monocyte numbers and in the nitroblue tetrazolium test. It may be concluded that, Echinacea can be used as a growth enhancer, immunostimulant and a disease control agent in fish. It is recommended as a means of improving the tilapia aquaculture production under certain conditions.
Construction of Women’s Roles in Patriarchal Culture (Feminist study towards modern Indonesian novels)

Until this time, most women’s roles have been constructed by the community and subsequently socialized through literary works. In a patriarchal society, the roles of women are constructed only according to the patriarchal point of view. This study described how the roles of women were constructed in patriarchal culture contained in Indonesian novels such as Sitti Nurbaya by Marah Rusli, Azab dan Senggsara by Merari Siregar, Kehilangan Mestika by Hamidah, and Manusia Bebas by Suwarsih Djojopuspito. Based on the results of analysis on the four novels, it was found that in general women were constructed to fulfill the roles in the domestic world as wife, child, and mother, also play a role in the public who participate in the world of education and social organizations. The constructed role of women benefits men and corresponds to patriarchal ideology. Keywords— construction of women's role; patriarchal culture; feminist study; Indonesian novels
Generative models for access control policies: applications to role mining over logs with attribution

We consider a fundamentally new approach to role and policy mining: finding RBAC models which reflect the observed usage of entitlements and the attributes of users. Such policies are interpretable, i.e., there is a natural explanation of why a role is assigned to a user and are conservative from a security standpoint since they are based on actual usage. Further, such "generative" models provide many other benefits including reconciliation with policies based on entitlements, detection of provisioning errors, as well as the detection of anomalous behavior. Our contributions include defining the fundamental problem as extensions of the well-known role mining problem, as well as providing several new algorithms based on generative machine learning models. Our algorithms find models which are causally associated with actual usage of entitlements and any arbitrary combination of user attributes when such information is available. This is the most natural process to provision roles, thus addressing a key usability issue with existing role mining algorithms. We have evaluated our approach on a large number of real life data sets, and our algorithms produce good role decompositions as measured by metrics such as coverage, stability, and generality We compare our algorithms with traditional role mining algorithms by equating usage with entitlement. Results show that our algorithms improve on existing approaches including exact mining, approximate mining, and probabilistic algorithms; the results are more temporally stable than exact mining approaches, and are faster than probabilistic algorithms while removing artificial constraints such as the number of roles assigned to each user. Most importantly, we believe that these roles more accurately capture what users actually do, the essence of a role, which is not captured by traditional methods.
Comparative Search Reveals the Tradeoff between Eye Movements and Working Memory Use in Visual Tasks

The experiments reported here provide an insight into how the use of working memory is influenced when eye movements become ‘costlier’ in a visual task. In our comparative search paradigm, each half of the screen contains a column of simple geometrical objects of three sizes and forms. Participants have to detect whether the two halves of the screen are exactly identical or contain a difference. The eye movement data recorded from two experiments allows us to investigate working memory adaptation to varying costs of eye
Inequality and the Imperative for Inclusive Growth in Asia

Developing Asia’s rapid growth rates that have contributed to a remarkable decline in the incidence of poverty have also been accompanied by rising income and expenditure inequalities and persistence of high levels of nonincome inequalities. These inequalities could be traced to various dimensions of unevenness in the growth process. In turn, the unevenness arises from policy factors as well as from structural transformation associated with growth. Further, unevenness arises from constraints to access to public services and inputs like land and credit. To address these causes of inequalities, the paper advocates a strategy of inclusive growth. This strategy rests on three anchors, i.e., expanding opportunities, broadening access to opportunities, and social protection that acts as a safety net and a springboard. These anchors reinforce each other to facilitate a process of allowing all members of society to participate in, and contribute to, the growth process on an equal footing regardless of their individual circumstances. Public policy to address the disadvantages of circumstances and thereby ensure an even playing field for all is the bedrock of inclusiveness