Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Analysis of the patient safety culture in hospitals of the Spanish National Health System].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A safety culture is essential to minimize errors and adverse events. Its measurement is needed to design activities in order to improve it. This paper describes the methods and main results of a study on safety climate in a nation-wide representative sample of public hospitals of the Spanish NHS. MATERIAL AND METHOD The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of health professionals in a representative sample of 24 hospitals, proportionally stratified by hospital size. Results are analyzed to provide a description of safety climate, its strengths and weaknesses. Differences by hospital size, type of health professional and service are analyzed using ANOVA. RESULTS A total of 2503 responses are analyzed (response rate: 40%, (93% from professionals with direct patient contact). A total of 50% gave patient safety a score from 6 to 8 (on a 10-point scale); 95% reported < 2 events last year. Dimensions "Teamwork within hospital units" (71.8 [1.8]) and "Supervisor/Manager expectations and actions promoting safety" (61.8 [1.7]) have the highest percentage of positive answers. "Staffing", "Teamwork across hospital units", "Overall perceptions of safety" and "Hospital management support for patient safety" could be identified as weaknesses. Significant differences by hospital size, type of professional and service suggest a generally more positive attitude in small hospitals and Pharmacy services, and a more negative one in physicians. CONCLUSIONS Strengths and weaknesses of the safety climate in the hospitals of the Spanish NHS have been identified and they are used to design appropriate strategies for improvement.
IN VITRO COLONIZATION EXPERIMENTS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF MYCELIAL GROWTH ON A TUFF SUBSTRATUM BY A FUSARIUM SOLANI STRAIN ISOLATED FROM THE OPLONTIS (NAPLES, ITALY) ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE

In order to investigate the mycelial structure of rock-inhabiting fungi, an in vitro colonization test has been set with a low carbon source supply. A surface overlay documentation of the spreading colonies and their hyphal branching was observed both by metallurgical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy with the use of a fluorescent chitin and cellulose binding dye, calcofluor, during the whole experiment. The thickness of the fungal mat was also measured in central, medial and distal areas of the colony for each tuff tile, using a metallurgical microscope. Finally, after 20 days the tiles were also observed with CLS-microscope and all the photographic documentation was used for a segmentation image analysis on Fiji software to calculate the overlay and the volume of the mycelium. Our findings confirm that in vitro experiments coupled with microscopic observations are useful tools to evaluate and quantify fungal biomass on a stone substratum, especially in the early steps of fungal colonization.
Bounds On The Number Of States In Encoder Graphs For Input-constrained Channels

Lower bounds on the number of states are exhib- ited in a fixed rate finite-state encoder that maps unconstrained n-a4 sequences into a given set of constrained sequences, de- tined by a finite labeled graph G. In particular, one simple lower bound is given by min, max, x, where x = (xu) ranges over certain (nonnegative integer) approximate eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix for G. In some sense, our bounds are close to what can be realized by the state splitting algorithm, and in some cases, they are shown to be tight. In particular, these bounds are used to show that the smallest (in number of states) known encoders for the (1,7) and (2,7) runlength-limited sys- tems are indeed the smallest possible. For any given constrained set S of sequences, we apply these bounds to study the growth of the number of states in families of encoders whose rates ap- proach the capacity of S.
Basilar Artery Diameter and 5-Year Mortality in Patients With Stroke

Background and Purpose— Few and conflicting data exist on the case fatality rate in stroke patients with basilar artery dolichoectasia. We analyzed basilar artery characteristics (diameter, height of bifurcation, transverse position) and 5-year mortality (all-cause, nonstroke vascular, and stroke) in patients with brain infarction. Methods— The basilar artery diameter was measured with a 16-diopter lens in 466 consecutively recruited patients with brain infarction confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. The height of the bifurcation and the transverse position of the basilar artery were assessed on semiquantitative scales. Patients were followed up for a median of 5.3 years (range, 1.5 to 6.6) and were classified as having had stroke, nonstroke vascular, and nonvascular death according to the French national registry of death certificates. Results— Of the 157 deaths, 88 were vascular (including 54 stroke deaths). Basilar artery diameter was associated with an increased 5-year stroke mortality rate but not with all-cause or nonstroke vascular mortality. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of stroke mortality per 1-mm increase in basilar artery diameter was 1.23 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.41). A higher risk of stroke death was associated with basilar artery diameter at the 95th percentile (diameter >4.3 mm; adjusted HR 3.69; 95% CI, 1.63 to 8.38) and the height of bifurcation (adjusted HR for score >1, 2.08; 95% CI, 0.93 to 4.68) but not with transverse position. Conclusions— Basilar artery diameter was independently associated with cerebrovascular mortality. A diameter >4.3 mm may be a marker for a high risk of fatal stroke.
Collaborative brain-computer interfaces for target localisation in rapid serial visual presentation

The N2pc event-related potential appears on the opposite side of the scalp with respect to the visual hemisphere where an object of interest is located. In this paper, we propose a 2-user collaborative brain-computer interface that exploits this component for the automatic localisation of specific lateral targets in real aerial images displayed by means of the rapid serial visual presentation technique at speeds of 5-15 Hz. By combining the evidence from pairs of users using two different methods and with participant selection, we obtain absolute median improvements in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of up to 7.7% with respect to single-user BCIs.
Cohesive properties and electronic structure of 5d-transition-metal carbides and nitrides in the NaCl structure.

We present a study of the cohesive energy (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{coh}}$) and the enthalpy of formation (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}^{0}$H) of the NaCl-structure carbides and nitrides of the 5d transition metals, using ab initio linear-muffin-tin-orbitals total-energy calculations and an extensive analysis of thermochemical and phase-diagram data. The same approach has previously been applied to 3d- and 4d-transition-metal carbides and nitrides [Phys. Rev. B 43, 14 400 (1991); 45, 11 557 (1992)]. The results from our total-energy calculations and analyses of thermodynamic information are used in a detailed comparsion of theoretical (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{coh}}^{\mathrm{th}}$) and thermodynamic (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{coh}}^{\mathit{e}}$) cohesive energies. The difference \ensuremath{\delta}(${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{coh}}$)=${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{coh}}^{\mathrm{th}}$-${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{coh}}^{\mathit{e}}$ is positive for all compounds considered here and it decreases on going from the 3d- to the 5d-transition-metal series. The origin of errors in ab initio calculated atomic total energies is discussed. We show that by correcting atomic energies using spectroscopic data, we get a \ensuremath{\delta}(${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{coh}}$) that is remarkably constant over a large part of the 3d- and 4d-transition-metal series. \ensuremath{\delta}(${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{coh}}$) is less regular in the 5d series, which reflects errors introduced by treating f electrons as valence states in the beginning of this series.
Is She Angry? (Sexually Desirable) Women “See” Anger on Female Faces

Intrasexual conflict may pose unique challenges for women. Whereas men’s aggression tends to be physical and direct, women’s tends to be relational and indirect, particularly when directed toward other women. Moreover, women’s expressions of anger are often suppressed, perhaps particularly when other women are the targets. Thus, women may face difficulty anticipating anger and anger-based aggression from other women. How might women manage this challenge? The functional projection of emotion may facilitate useful behavior; for instance, “seeing” anger on people believed to pose threats to physical safety may help perceivers preempt or avoid physical harm. Given the threats that women face, we predicted that (a) women are biased to “see” anger on neutral female (but not male) faces and that (b) women who are likely targets of intrasexual aggression (i.e., sexually desirable or available women) show an exaggerated bias. We report three studies that support these hypotheses and, more broadly, illustrate the value of a functional approach to social cognition.
Title Genetic overlap between bipolar illness and event-relatedpotentials

Background. Electrophysiological endophenotypes are far less explored in bipolar disorder as compared to schizophrenia. No previous twin study of event-related potentials (ERPs) in bipolar illness has been reported. This study uses a twin design and advanced genetic model fitting analyses aiming to (1) assess and quantify the relationship of a range of ERP components with bipolar disorder with psychotic features, and (2) examine the source of the relationship (due to genetic or environmental factors). Method. P300, P50 suppression and mismatch negativity (MMN) were recorded in 10 discordant monozygotic (MZ) bipolar twin pairs, six concordant MZ bipolar twin pairs and 78 control twin pairs. Statistical analyses were based on structural equation modelling. Results. Bipolar disorder was significantly associated with smaller P300 amplitude and decreased P50 suppression. Genetic correlations were the main source of the associations, estimated to be x0.33 for P300 amplitude and 0.46 for P50 ratio. Individual-specific environmental influences were not significant. MMN and P300 latency were not associated with the illness. Conclusions. The results provide supporting evidence that P300 amplitude and P50 suppression ratio are ERP endophenotypes for bipolar disorder.
A multi-scale, multi-physics modeling framework to predict spatial variation of properties in additive-manufactured metals

The microstructure of additively manufactured (AM) metals has been shown to be heterogeneous and spatially non-uniform when compared to conventionally manufactured metals. Consequently, the effective mechanical properties of AM-metal parts are expected to vary both within and among builds. Here, we present a framework for simulating process–(micro)structure–property relationships of AM metals produced via direct laser deposition (DLD). The framework predicts grain nucleation and competitive growth as a function of thermal history for a multi-pass, multi-layer DLD process. The resulting three-dimensional microstructure is automatically sub-sampled to perform virtual mechanical testing throughout the build domain using a parallelized elasto-viscoplastic fast Fourier transform code, accounting for grain-boundary strengthening. The effective stress–strain response of each sub-sampled volume is automatically analyzed to extract effective mechanical properties, which are used to generate property maps showing the spatial variability of effective mechanical properties throughout the simulated build volume. As a demonstration, the framework is applied to different DLD stainless steel 316L build volumes having different process-induced microstructures. The multi-physics framework and property maps could provide a path toward qualification of AM-metal parts.
Polymorphism Identification and Improved Genome Annotation of Brassica rapa Through Deep RNA Sequencing

The mapping and functional analysis of quantitative traits in Brassica rapa can be greatly improved with the availability of physically positioned, gene-based genetic markers and accurate genome annotation. In this study, deep transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of Brassica rapa was undertaken with two objectives: SNP detection and improved transcriptome annotation. We performed SNP detection on two varieties that are parents of a mapping population to aid in development of a marker system for this population and subsequent development of high-resolution genetic map. An improved Brassica rapa transcriptome was constructed to detect novel transcripts and to improve the current genome annotation. This is useful for accurate mRNA abundance and detection of expression QTL (eQTLs) in mapping populations. Deep RNA-Seq of two Brassica rapa genotypes—R500 (var. trilocularis, Yellow Sarson) and IMB211 (a rapid cycling variety)—using eight different tissues (root, internode, leaf, petiole, apical meristem, floral meristem, silique, and seedling) grown across three different environments (growth chamber, greenhouse and field) and under two different treatments (simulated sun and simulated shade) generated 2.3 billion high-quality Illumina reads. A total of 330,995 SNPs were identified in transcribed regions between the two genotypes with an average frequency of one SNP in every 200 bases. The deep RNA-Seq reassembled Brassica rapa transcriptome identified 44,239 protein-coding genes. Compared with current gene models of B. rapa, we detected 3537 novel transcripts, 23,754 gene models had structural modifications, and 3655 annotated proteins changed. Gaps in the current genome assembly of B. rapa are highlighted by our identification of 780 unmapped transcripts. All the SNPs, annotations, and predicted transcripts can be viewed at http://phytonetworks.ucdavis. edu/.
Tissue‐specific regulation of zinc metabolism and metallothionein genes by interleukin 1

Interleukin 1 (IL 1) production is stimulated by infection, cellular injury, and inflammation. This cytokine directs a wide spectrum of host responses. Human interleukin 1α (IL 1α) was used to examine the time course of effects on zinc metabolism as part of the acute phase response. IL 1 produced a transient depression in the serum zinc concentration and increased serum ceruloplasmin. Metallothionein levels were increased in liver 14‐fold after IL 1. Increased expression of metallothionein‐1 and ‐2 genes following IL 1 were observed in liver, bone marrow, and thymus. Pulse‐labeling experiments with i.v. ‐administered 65Zn showed that IL 1 drastically altered zinc distribution kinetics among tissues. More 65Zn was taken up (and/or retained) by the liver, bone marrow, and thymus 6 h after IL 1, whereas correspondingly less 65Zn was found in bone, skin, and intestine. Uptake by other tissues was not affected by IL 1. Chromatography of cytosol from tissues with increased 65Zn uptake suggests the IL 1‐induced redistribution may be driven by enhanced metallothionein synthesis. Collectively, the results show that IL 1 regulates zinc metabolism and may direct its preferential, tissue‐specific distribution via elevated metallothionein‐1 and ‐2 gene expression. —Cousins, R. J.; Leinart, A. S. Tissue‐specific regulation of zinc metabolism and metallothionein genes by interleukin 1. FASEB J. 2: 2884‐2890; 1988.
Effectiveness of the open and closed kinetic chain exercises in the treatment of the patellofemoral pain syndrome

The aim of this study was to analyze the therapeutic effects of the open kinetic chain (OKC) and closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises to treat the patellofemoral syndrome (PFSD). For this, 24 volunteers, bearers of the PFSD were randomly divided in two groups: group I (n = 12) performed the OKC exercises; group II (n = 12) performed the CKC exercises. Both groups were submitted to eight consecutive weeks of treatment consisting of three weekly sessions performed in alternate days. To analyze the activation pattern of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and the vastus lateralis (VL) muscles, the electromyographic signals (EMG) were collected using bipolar surface electrodes quantified by the root mean square (RMS) normalized by the maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the quadriceps. The pain intensity and the functionality of the volunteers were assessed using scales. The analysis of the amounts of the VMO/VL ratio in both groups I and II showed no significant differences as to the pre- and post-treatment times in the concentric (p > 0.05) and eccentric (p > 0.05) phases of the OKC and CKC exercises. Despite of this, the VMO muscle presented a lower activation rate compared to the VL in the eccentric phase of the CKC exercise. It was found significant increases in the functionality (p < 0.05), and a reduction in the pain intensity (p < 0.05) between the pre- and post-treatment times in both groups, but group II showed higher amounts compared to group I in both variables. The results found in this study suggest that according to the conditions of the trial, the OKC and CKC exercises provoke no changes in the patterns of the EMG activation in the VMO and VL muscles. However, they promoted an improvement in the functionality and a reduction in the pain intensity after the eight week intervention, and the CKC exercises presented better performances than OKC exercises.
Regulation of emotions in the community: suppression and reappraisal strategies and its psychometric properties

Objective: The German Version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) has recently been published. The questionnaire investigates two common emotion regulation strategies (10 items) on two scales (suppression, reappraisal). Major aims of the study were to assess the reliability and factor structure of the ERQ, to determine population based norms and to investigate relations of suppression and reappraisal to anxiety, depression and demographic characteristics. Methods: In a representative community study (N=2524) we assessed emotion regulation strategies, anxiety, depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and demographic variables. The mean age of the participants was 49.4 (SD 18.2) years. 55.5% were female. The age-groups were represented in comparable proportions. The representativeness of the sample was ensured by drawings of ADM (Arbeitskreis Deutscher Marktforscher) samples und by comparison with the data of German Federal Statistical Office. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis could not fully confirm the original factor structure, we kept the original scaling, except a modification regarding item 8. Internal consistencies were acceptable for the original and the modified version: reappraisal (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.82) and suppression (alpha = 0.76). Norms are presented as percentile scores for age groups and gender. Reappraisal correlated negative with anxiety and depression, whereas we could find a positive relationship of suppression with anxiety and depression. In a linear regression model suppression was predicted by depression, a lower level of education, male gender, and lower income. Conclusions: The ERQ is a short instrument to assess emotion regulation strategies economically, e.g. in larger community based studies. We could demonstrate sufficient psychometric properties of the German version of the ERQ: reliability, factor structure and indicators for construct validity. Because of the cross sectional character of our study it remains unclear whether reappraisal is protective and suppression is unfavourable regarding mental health or whether life circumstances and psychic symptoms lead to a suppression of emotions.
Improvement in Intelligence Test Scores From 6 to 10 Years in Children of Teenage Mothers

Objective: This study investigates change in IQ scores among 290 children born to teenage mothers and identifies social, economic, and environmental variables that may be associated with change in intelligence test performance. Methods: The children of 290 teenage mothers (72% African-American and 28% European American) were assessed with the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale-4th Edition at ages 6 and 10. Results: The mean composite score at age 6 was 84.8 and 91.2 at age 10, an improvement of 6.4 points. Significant cross-sectional predictors at both ages 6 and 10 of higher Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale scores were maternal cognitive ability, school grade, white ethnicity, and caregiver education. Having more children in the household significantly predicted lower Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale scores at age 6. Higher satisfaction with maternal social support predicted higher Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale scores at age 10. Change in IQ scores was not related to maternal socioeconomic status, social support, home environment, ethnicity, or family interactions. Custodial stability was associated with an improvement in IQ scores, whereas increase in caregiver depression was related to decline in IQ scores. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that improvement in IQ scores of offspring of teenage mothers may be related to stability of maternal custody. More research is needed to determine the impact of the maturation of adolescent mothers’ parenting and the role of early education on improvement in cognitive abilities.
Learning Unitary Operators with Help From u(n)

A major challenge in the training of recurrent neural networks is the so-called vanishing or exploding gradient problem. The use of a norm-preserving transition operator can address this issue, but parametrization is challenging. In this work we focus on unitary operators and describe a parametrization using the Lie algebra u(n) associated with the Lie group U(n) of n × n unitary matrices. The exponential map provides a correspondence between these spaces, and allows us to define a unitary matrix using n2 real coefficients relative to a basis of the Lie algebra. The parametrization is closed under additive updates of these coefficients, and thus provides a simple space in which to do gradient descent. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this parametrization on the problem of learning arbitrary unitary operators, comparing to several baselines and outperforming a recently-proposed lower-dimensional parametrization. We additionally use our parametrization to generalize a recently-proposed unitary recurrent neural network to arbitrary unitary matrices, using it to solve standard long-memory tasks.
A Gaussian Tree Approximation for Integer Least-Squares

This paper proposes a new algorithm for the linear least squares problem where the unknown variables are constrained to be in a finite set. The factor graph that corresponds to this problem is very loopy; in fact, it is a complete graph. Hence, applying the Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm yields very poor results. The algorithm described here is based on an optimal tree approximation of the Gaussian density of the unconstrained linear system. It is shown that even though the approximation is not directly applied to the exact discrete distribution, applying the BP algorithm to the modified factor graph outperforms current methods in terms of both performance and complexity. The improved performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on the problem of MIMO detection.