Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovering Determinants of Project Participation in an Open Source Social Network

Successful open source software projects often require a steady supply of self motivated software developers. However, little work has been done from a relational/network perspective to study the factors that drive the developers to participate in OSS projects. In this paper, we investigate the participation dynamics in a social network, particularly in an online open source community called Ohloh. Through a REST-based API, we collected information about 11,530 open source software projects involving 94,330 developers. Using social network analysis and statistical analysis methods, we examine a set of social and technical factors in the Ohloh dataset, which we define as the determinants that significantly influence the developers’ participation choices. We found that the determinants include (1)homophily in programming language, (2)project mutual acquaintance, and (3)project age. In addition, our research findings provide the possibility of predicting developers’ participation choices based on the discovered determinants, and therefore can have important implications for OSS project management and in designing social network enabled recommendation systems.
Penyertaan komuniti dalam bidang keusahawanan luar bandar

Keusahawanan sering diiktiraf sebagai pemangkin dalam mengubah dan meningkatkan taraf hidup sesebuah komuniti. Bagi memastikan keberkesanannya, penyertaan komuniti dalam bidang keusahawanan adalah perlu, terutamanya dalam projek-projek pembangunan di kawasan luar bandar. Walau bagaimanapun, tahap penyertaan komuniti dalam bidang keusahawanan adalah masih rendah. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tahap penyertaan komuniti dalam keusahawanan, agar hala tuju penyertaan komuniti dalam bidang ini dapat dikenal pasti. Selain itu, faktor-faktor pelengkap lain yang menentukan trend ini di kawasan luar bandar juga dibincangkan. Melalui penyertaan aktif dalam kalangan ahli-ahli komuniti, diharapkan keusahawanan luar bandar akan maju ke arah kemakmuran dan kejayaan pembangunan kawasan luar bandar
Bias and MSE Analysis of the IV Estimator Under Weak Identification with Application to Bias Correction

We provide results on properties of the IV estimator in the presence of weak instruments, beginning with the derivation of analytical formulae for the asymptotic bias (ABIAS) and mean squared error (AMSE). We also obtain approximations for the ABIAS and AMSE formulae based on an asymptotic scheme; which, loosely speaking, requires the expectation of the first stage F-statistic to converge to a finite (possibly small) positive limit as the number of instruments approaches infinity. The approximations so obtained are shown, via regression analysis, to yield good approximations for ABIAS and AMSE functions. One consequence of the asymptotic framework adopted here is that when the sample size and the number of instruments are allowed to approach infinity in a particular sequential manner, we obtain consistent estimators for the ABIAS and AMSE. This in turn suggests a number of bias corrected OLS and IV estimators, which we outline and examine. We also note that, under stronger but more primitive conditions than used in this paper, our bias-corrected estimators can be justified on the basis of a pathwise asymptotic scheme which takes the number of instruments to infinity as a function of the sample size, although this particular result is proved elsewhere. Finally, we note that the bias-corrected IV estimators proposed here are also robust in the sense that they would remain consistent in a conventional asymptotic setup where the model is fully identified. A series of Monte Carlo experiments documents the gains in bias reduction when our bias adjusted estimators are used instead of standard IV and OLS estimators. JEL classification: C12, C22.
tuberculosis Mycobacterium Protect against High-Dose Lungs of Rhesus Macaques but Fails To Robust Cellular Immune Responses in the Aerosol Vaccination with AERAS-402 Elicits

Development of a vaccine against pulmonary tuberculosis may require immunization strategies that induce a high frequency of Ag-speciﬁc CD4 and CD8 T cells in the lung. The nonhuman primate model is essential for testing such approaches because it has predictive value for how vaccines elicit responses in humans. In this study, we used an aerosol vaccination strategy to administer AERAS-402, a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus (rAd) type 35 expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ags Ag85A, Ag85B, and TB10.4, in bacillus Calmette–Gue ´ rin (BCG)-primed or unprimed rhesus macaques. Immunization with BCG generated low puriﬁed protein derivative–speciﬁc CD4 T cell responses in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage. In contrast, aerosolized AERAS-402 alone or following BCG induced potent and stable Ag85A/b-speciﬁc CD4 and CD8 effector T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage that largely produced IFN- g , as well as TNF and IL-2. Such responses induced by BCG, AERAS-402, or both failed to confer overall protection following challenge with 275 CFUs M. tuberculosis Erdman, although vaccine-induced responses associated with reduced pathology were observed in some animals. Anamnestic T cell responses to Ag85A/b were not detected in blood of immunized animals after challenge. Overall, our data suggest that a high M. tuberculosis challenge dose may be a critical factor in limiting vaccine efﬁcacy in this model. However, the ability of aerosol rAd immunization to generate potent cellular immunity in the lung suggests that using different or more immunogens, alternative rAd serotypes with enhanced immunogenicity, and a physiological challenge dose may achieve protection against M. tuberculosis . The Journal of Immunology , 2014, 193: 000–000. T cell in NHPs
The meaning of home for Karen and Chin refugees from Burma: An interpretative phenomenological approach

Loss of home is common to all people from a refugee background yet we have little understanding of the diversity of meaning associated with this important concept. A phenomenological approach was used to explore experiences of home amongst Karen and Chin refugees residing in Brisbane. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine participants from Karen and Chin backgrounds. The participants comprised five females and four males (mean age 40 years, median length of time in Australia 1.33 years). Participants described their migration stories, including pre- and post-migration history. Analysis was conducted using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three superordinate themes, explicating the meaning of home for participants, were identified: home as the experience of a psychological space of safety and retreat; home as the socio-emotional space of relatedness to family; and home as geographical-emotional landscape. Loss of home was experienced as a multidimensional loss associated with emotional and physical disturbances. These findings, based upon a phenomenological paradigm, enhance understanding of the experience of being a refugee and of the suffering engendered by loss of home. They open up the possibility for conceptualizing refugee responses in terms of human suffering and meaning making.
Handbook of International Feminisms: Perspectives on Psychology, Women, Culture, and Rights

Although feminism has influenced psychological theory and practice across much of the world, their intersection has rarely been an easy one - particularly in post-colonial, and more recently, globalizing and transnational contexts. The Handbook of International Feminisms offers a dynamic and nuanced picture of the diversity of feminism and its challenges around the world, both inside and outside of academia. As seen in these pages, the very concept of ‘feminist psychology’ varies widely, as do the conditions under which it struggles or flourishes. Resistance to feminism may come from psychology in particular or the culture at large, in clashes between egalitarian ideals and longstanding cultural beliefs and practices that are inimical to women's interests. In some countries, the emergence of psychology and/or feminism is often seen as Western interference rather than welcome innovation. In others, activist psychologists are pressured to downplay aspects of their work or risk marginalization by the mainstream. Throughout this volume, the coverage is balanced between local context and global connection and commitment. Chapters analyze current and historical developments from: Brazil, India, Turkey, China, South Africa, Israel, New Zealand, Canada, Spain, Britain, Nordic regions, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, United States. As a comparative study, a call for new lines of communication, or a springboard for future interventions within psychology, the Handbook of International Feminisms is a significant volume for psychologists of women and gender, clinical, social, and developmental psychologists, researchers in women’s studies, and upper-level students in women’s studies and behavioral science courses.
A New Chemolithoautotrophic Arsenite-Oxidizing Bacterium Isolated from a Gold Mine: Phylogenetic, Physiological, and Preliminary Biochemical Studies

ABSTRACT A previously unknown chemolithoautotrophic arsenite-oxidizing bacterium has been isolated from a gold mine in the Northern Territory of Australia. The organism, designated NT-26, was found to be a gram-negative motile rod with two subterminal flagella. In a minimal medium containing only arsenite as the electron donor (5 mM), oxygen as the electron acceptor, and carbon dioxide-bicarbonate as the carbon source, the doubling time for chemolithoautotrophic growth was 7.6 h. Arsenite oxidation was found to be catalyzed by a periplasmic arsenite oxidase (optimum pH, 5.5). Based upon 16S rDNA phylogenetic sequence analysis, NT-26 belongs to theAgrobacterium/Rhizobium branch of the α-Proteobacteria and may represent a new species. This recently discovered organism is the most rapidly growing chemolithoautotrophic arsenite oxidizer known.
Exceeding individual working memory capacity restrains aided speech recognition performance - effects in complex listening situations and effects of acclimatization

Two experiments were carried out that investigated individual working memory capacity and speech recognition performance in noise. Experiment 1 (Lunner and Sundewall-Thoren, 2007) investigated relations between individual working memory capacity and aided speech performance with fast and slow release times and in steady-state and modulated noise backgrounds. Experiment 2 (Rudner, Foo, Ronnberg and Lunner, 2007) investigated relations between individual working memory capacity and aided speech recognition performance under matched conditions (testing with acclimatized hearing-aid release times) and mismatched conditions (testing with new/unacclimatized hearing-aid release times). The results in both experiments indicate that if individual working-memory capacity is exceeded - either because of ‘cognitive overload’ due to acoustic variations or because of testing with ‘cognitively mistuned’ hearing-aid settings - speech recognition performance drops. Furthermore, the results suggest that laboratory testing under steady-state conditions may underestimate the role of cognition.
Posttransplant HLA Alloreactivity in Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients—Incidences and Impact on Long‐Term Allograft Outcomes

Humoral alloreactivity is well established to predict adverse allograft outcomes. However, in some recipients, alloantibodies may also occur in the absence of graft dysfunction. We evaluated if and how often complement‐ and noncomplement‐fixing alloantibodies are detectable in stable recipients and whether, in this context, they affect long‐term outcomes. Sera obtained from 164 kidney transplant recipients at 2, 6 and 12 months were evaluated by FlowPRA screening and single‐antigen testing for detection of IgG‐ or C4d‐fixing HLA panel reactivity and donor‐specific antibodies (DSA). Applying stringent criteria, we selected 34 patients with an uneventful 1‐year course (no graft dysfunction or rejection) and excellent graft function at 12 months [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min and proteinuria ≤0.5 g/24 h]. Nine (27%) and 5 (15%) of these recipients tested positive by [IgG] and [C4d]FlowPRA screening, respectively. In five cases, DSA were identified. Frequencies of positive test results and DSA binding intensities were not significantly lower than those documented for patients who did not fulfill the above criteria. In recipients with an excellent 1‐year course, FlowPRA reactivity was not associated with lower eGFR or increased protein excretion during 68‐month median follow‐up. Our results suggest cautious interpretation of antibody monitoring in patients with normal‐functioning grafts.
Examination of Abiotic Drivers and Their Influence on Spartina alterniflora Biomass over a Twenty-Eight Year Period Using Landsat 5 TM Satellite Imagery of the Central Georgia Coast

We examined the influence of abiotic drivers on inter-annual and phenological patterns of aboveground biomass for Marsh Cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, on the Central Georgia Coast. The linkages between drivers and plant response via soil edaphic factors are captured in our graphical conceptual model. We used geospatial techniques to scale up in situ measurements of aboveground S. alterniflora biomass to landscape level estimates using 294 Landsat 5 TM scenes acquired between 1984 and 2011. For each scene we extracted data from the same 63 sampling polygons, containing 1222 pixels covering about 1.1 million m2. Using univariate and multiple regression tests, we compared Landsat derived biomass estimates for three S. alterniflora size classes against a suite of abiotic drivers. River discharge, total precipitation, minimum temperature, and mean sea level had positive relationships with and best explained biomass for all dates. Additional results, using seasonally binned data, indicated biomass was responsive to changing combinations of variables across the seasons. Our 28-year analysis revealed aboveground biomass declines of 33%, 35%, and 39% for S. alterniflora tall, medium, and short size classes, respectively. This decline correlated with drought frequency and severity trends and coincided with marsh die-backs events and increased snail herbivory in the second half of the study period.
Unsupervised modeling of user actions in a dialog corpus

In data-driven spoken dialog system development, developers should prepare a dialog corpus with semantic annotation. However, the labeling process is a laborious and time consuming task. To reduce human efforts, we propose an unsupervised approach based on non-parametric Bayesian Hidden Markov Model to the problem of modeling user actions. With the non-parametric model, system designers do not need to determine the number and type of user actions. In the experiments, we evaluated the clustering results by comparing them to the human annotation. We also tested a dialog system that used models trained from the automatically annotated corpus with a user simulation.
More dynamic object reclassification: Fickle∥

Reclassification changes the class membership of an object at run-time while retaining its identity. We suggest language features for object reclassification, which extend an imperative, typed, class-based, object-oriented language.We present our proposal through the language Fickle⋄⋄. The imperative features, combined with the requirement for a static and safe type system, provided the main challenges. We develop a type and effect system for Fickle⋄⋄ and prove its soundness with respect to the operational semantics. In particular, even though objects may be reclassified across classes with different members, there will never be an attempt to access nonexisting members.
Codeswitching and participant orientations in a Chinese as a foreign language classroom

Using a conversation analysis approach to codeswitching (CS; Auer, 1984, 1998), this study examines the relationship between participants' orientations to two in-class interactions and their CS practices in a Chinese as a foreign language classroom. Specifically, the analysis focuses on a teacher and one focal student's converging and diverging orientations towards two different types of classroom interaction: assessment talk and an instructed language learning activity. When a mismatch in their orientations occurs, the teacher and student deploy CS as an interactional resource to achieve a common pedagogical goal. CS is thus shown to be a constitutive interactional practice through which the teacher and student accomplish foreign language teaching and learning. Moreover, the close observation of teacher-student interaction in this study encourages language teaching professionals and classroom researchers to consider how CS indexes students' understanding of the pedagogical focus in different classroom activities and how its strategic deployment might foster language learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Visual Experience Induces Long-Term Potentiation in the Primary Visual Cortex

Stimulus-specific response potentiation (SRP) is a robust form of experience-dependent plasticity that occurs in primary visual cortex. In awake mice, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) recorded in layer 4 of binocular visual cortex undergo increases in amplitude with repeated presentation of a sinusoidal grating stimulus over days. This effect is highly specific to the experienced stimulus. Here, we test whether the mechanisms of thalamocortical long-term potentiation (LTP), induced with a theta burst electrical stimulation (TBS) of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, are sufficient to account for SRP. First, we demonstrate that LTP similarly enhances the amplitude of VEPs, but in a way that generalizes across multiple stimuli, spatial frequencies, and contrasts. Second, we show that LTP occludes the subsequent expression of SRP. Third, we reveal that previous SRP occludes TBS-induced LTP of the VEP evoked by the experienced stimulus, but not by unfamiliar stimuli. Finally, we show that SRP is rapidly and selectively reversed by local cortical infusion of a peptide that inhibits PKMζ, a constitutively active kinase known to maintain NMDA receptor-dependent LTP and memory. Thus, SRP is expressed by the same core mechanisms as LTP. SRP therefore provides a simple assay to assess the integrity of LTP in the intact nervous system. Moreover, the results suggest that LTP of visual cortex, like SRP, can potentially be exploited to improve vision.
Methane hydrate rock physics models for the Blake Outer Ridge

Seismic analyses of methane hydrate data from the Blake Outer Ridge indicate high Pwave velocity and anomalously low S-wave velocity in sediments containing methane hydrates. In an attempt to explain this observed P-wave and S-wave velocity structure at the transition from gas to hydrates, the effect of different hydrate models on elastic moduli and velocities are explored. After construction of an initial gas model, the properties of the hydrates are estimated using the bound averaging method together with the Voigt and Reuss bounds for elastic moduli. The result suggests that the hydrates becomes part of the rock matrix and softens the pores by fracturing. The additional formation of ice is required to obtain the desired P- to S-wave velocity ratio in the hydrate bearing sediments, indicating temperature conditions around the freezing point of water.
Near-Field Microwave Investigation of Electrical Properties of Graphene-ITO Electrodes for LED Applications

We propose a method to evaluate the electrical properties of nanoscale layered materials. This study is important for the potential application of these structures in light emitting diode electrodes. For this purpose we measure the reflection coefficient of a microwave signal recorded by a near-field Scanning Microwave Microscope. This method allows the non-contact measurement of the sheet resistance of the material under analysis. It provides detailed maps of the electrical properties of a micrometric area under test to assay its uniformity. In particular, we have applied this technique to a multilayer material composed by an Indium–Tin–Oxide film and few layer graphene.
Cultural and Instructional Influences on Figurative Language Comprehension by Inner City Children. Technical Report No. 335.

This study examined cultural and instructional influences on the comprehension of figurative language by elementary school children in Harlem, New York. Specifically, it examined children's exposure to and participation in the creative, verbal street game called "sounding" or "playing the dozens," and it studied the effects of a program of creative writing instruction provided by visiting writers. The results indicate that the special instruction tended to improve the figurative language comprehension of the children. Also, those children who frequently engaged in sounding comprehended figurative language better than those who did not. This latter effect could not be accounted for by differences in general language ability. The results are taken as support for a "language experience" view of the development of figurative language comprehension in preference to any strong form of a "cognitive constraints" view. In recent years psychologists have begun to study seriously the development of the comprehension of figurative, especially metaphorical, uses of language in children. What seems to have emerged from these efforts are two fundamentally different kinds of view. One, which might be called the "cognitive constraints view," is that the ability to properly understand metaphorical uses of language is primarily constrained by the child's level of cognitive development. Proponents of this view generally agree that genuine metaphor comprehension does not emerge until early adolescence This research was supported in part by a grant to Teachers and Writers Collaborative from the Ford Foundation, in part by the National Institute of Education under Contract No. NIE-400-8 1-0030 awarded to the Center for the Study of Reading at the University of Illinois, and in part by a Spencer Fellowship awarded to the first author by the National Academy of Education. The authors wish to thank the principals, teachers, and students from the three Harlem schools that cooperated in this study, P.S. 129, P.S. 154, and P.S. 197. We are indebted to the three writers from Teachers and Writers Collaborative who taught in these schools, Carole Bovoso, Abiodun Oyewole, and Cristobal Carambo. We also wish to acknowledge Marsha Taylor for her help in the early phases of the project, Lynn Fainsilber and Asgar Iran-Nejad for assistance in data analysis, and Roberta Ferrara, Kenneth Monteiro, and Jean Osborn for their helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Particular thanks are due to Marjorie Martus, formerly of the Ford Foundation, for her help, support, and encouragement throughout this project. Research in the Teaching of English, Vol. 19, No. 1, February 1985
Exploring the Research Behavior of University Professors Through Patent Data

This paper examines the behavior of academic researchers within the context of universityindustry relationships. Two aspects of a researcher’s behavior are explored: 1) the environmental effects of institution and sponsorship on research characteristics and 2) the anticipatory career behavior of a researcher. To investigate these issues we develop a formal utility model for a researcher. Using individual-level patent portfolio data for Stanford University researchers, we empirically test our model using categorical data analysis techniques. We find that environmental effects do not impact the appropriability of a researcher’s work but anticipatory career behavior does. These findings imply industry relationships with universities do not influence a researcher’s behavior and the migration of researchers from universities to industry can facilitate knowledge transfer.