Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two functional components of the hippocampal memory system

Abstract There is considerable evidence that the hippocampal system contributes both to (1) the temporary maintenance of memories and to (2) the processing of a particular type of memory representation. The findings on amnesia suggest that these two distinguishing features of hippocampal memory processing are orthogonal. Together with anatomical and physiological data, the neuropsychological findings support a model of cortico-hippocampal interactions in which the temporal and representational properties of hippocampal memory processing are mediated separately. We propose that neocortical association areas maintain shortterm memories for specific items and events prior to hippocampal processing as well as providing the final repositories of long-term memory. The parahippocampal region supports intermediate-term storage of individual items, and the hippocampal formation itself mediates an organization of memories according to relevant relationships among items. Hippocampal-cortical interactions produce (i) strong and persistent memories for events, including their constituent elements and the relationships among them, and (ii) a capacity to express memories flexibly across a wide range of circumstances.
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE PRACTICE IN INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL WORK FIELD PLACEMENTS

This article explores the conditions under which international social work field placements may be effectively administered. The positive and negative potential of international placements is examined. A review of empirical and theoretical literature in the related fields of service learning and international volunteering reveals that role taking, reflection, intensity, support, and reciprocity are important priorities if placements are to be "transformative" in ways that lead to respect for diversity and a strong commitment to social justice.
Using Hidden Markov Models to Generate Natural Humanoid Movement

This paper proposes a hidden Markov model (HMM) based approach to generate human-like movements for humanoid robots. Given human motion capture data for a class of movements, principal components are extracted for each class, and used as basis elements that in turn represent more general movements within each class. A HMM is also designed and trained for each movement class using the movement data. Humanoid movement is then generated by selecting the linear combination of basis elements that yields the highest probability for the trained HMM, subject to user-specified movement boundary conditions. The feasibility of our proposed method is demonstrated via case studies of various arm motions
Learner Autonomy and Selected Demographic Characteristics as They Relate to Life Satisfaction Among Older Adults in Malaysia

Malaysia currently has about three million senior citizens. United Nations statistics show that Malaysia is likely to reach aging nation status by the year 2035. It is important to address the issues that may have impact on the needs and concerns of this growing population. This study examined the relationships of life satisfaction, learner autonomy, and selected demographic variables of older adults in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. A convenience sample of 111 adults, age 50 or older, participated in this survey. Statistical analyses assessed relationships of demographic variables to Learner Autonomy Profile and Life Satisfaction Scores. Findings reveal ethnicity, education level and living area correlate significantly with the learner autonomy scores. Only education level was found to significantly correlate with life satisfaction. Results indicate a significant relationship of learner autonomy scores and life satisfaction scores. Implications for practice and recommendations for further study and public policy emphases are discussed.
Ordered Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding in G.fast Downstream

G.fast is an upcoming next generation DSL standard envisioned to use bandwidth up to 212 MHz. Far-end crosstalk (FEXT) at these frequencies greatly overcomes direct links. Its cancellation based on non-linear Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding (THP) proved to show significant advantage over standard linear precoding. This paper proposes a novel THP structure in which ordering of successive interference pre-cancellation can be optimized for downstream with non-cooperating receivers. The optimized scheme is compared to existing THP structure denoted as equal-rate THP which is widely adopted in wireless downlink. Structure and performance of both methods differ significantly favoring the proposed scheme. The ordering that maximizes the minimum rate (max-min fairness) for each tone of the discrete multi-tone modulation is the familiar V-BLAST ordering. However, V- BLAST does not lead to the global maximum when applied independently on each tone. The proposed novel Dynamic Ordering (DO) strategy takes into account asymmetric channel statistics to yield the highest minimum aggregated rate.
Pseudorabies Virus Infected Porcine Epithelial Cell Line Generates a Diverse Set of Host MicroRNAs and a Special Cluster of Viral MicroRNAs

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) belongs to Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily that causes huge economic loss in pig industry worldwide. It has been recently demonstrated that many herpesviruses encode microRNAs (miRNAs), which play crucial roles in viral life cycle. However, the knowledge about PRV-encoded miRNAs is still limited. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of both viral and host miRNA expression profiles in PRV-infected porcine epithelial cell line (PK-15). Deep sequencing data showed that the ∼4.6 kb intron of the large latency transcript (LLT) functions as a primary microRNA precursor (pri-miRNA) that encodes a cluster of 11 distinct miRNAs in the PRV genome, and 209 known and 39 novel porcine miRNAs were detected. Viral miRNAs were further confirmed by stem-loop RT-PCR and northern blot analysis. Intriguingly, all of these viral miRNAs exhibited terminal heterogeneity both at the 5′ and 3′ ends. Seven miRNA genes produced mature miRNAs from both arms and two of the viral miRNA genes showed partially overlapped in their precursor regions. Unexpectedly, a terminal loop-derived small RNA with high abundance and one special miRNA offset RNA (moRNA) were processed from a same viral miRNA precursor. The polymorphisms of viral miRNAs shed light on the complexity of host miRNA-processing machinery and viral miRNA-regulatory mechanism. The swine genes and PRV genes were collected for target prediction of the viral miRNAs, revealing a complex network formed by both host and viral genes. GO enrichment analysis of host target genes suggests that PRV miRNAs are involved in complex cellular pathways including cell death, immune system process, metabolic pathway, indicating that these miRNAs play significant roles in virus-cells interaction of PRV and its hosts. Collectively, these data suggest that PRV infected epithelial cell line generates a diverse set of host miRNAs and a special cluster of viral miRNAs, which might facilitate PRV replication in cells.
The myth of the scientist-practitioner: A reply to R. King (1998) and N. King and ollendick (1998)

Abstract There is strong support within the Australian Psychological Society and the American Psychological Association for the idea that evidence-based practice is not only needed, but that it is politically wise to use an empirical approach to recommend treatment options. R. King (1998) correctly argued that there is not sufficient evidence to support cognitive-behavioural therapy as a preferred treatment for depression and that the obtained effects may be explained by common therapeutic factors. N. King and Ollendick (1998) have supported the trend toward empirically validated treatments and consider it essential for educating psychologists, insurance companies, and the public. Further examination of the related literature shows that over 80% of the variance associated with positive therapeutic outcomes can be attributed to factors associated with the therapeutic alliance rather than specific treatments, but there is no certainty about the specifics of effective therapeutic interventions. Further, scie.
Iowa Tests of Music Literacy

1. To diagnose a student's individual strengths and weaknesses in six different dimensions of tonal and rhythmic aural perception and music literacy achievement. 2. To compare a student's tonal and rhythmic aural perception and music literacy achievement to his musical potential as indicated by Musical Aptitude Profile results. 3. To evaluate the extent of a student's continuous development from simple to complex tonal and rhythmic aural perception and music literacy achievement. 4. To determine a student's relative standing among other students in tonal and rhythmic aural perception and music literacy achievement.
Path sampling for particle filters with application to multi-target tracking

In recent work (arXiv:1006.3100v1), we have presented a novel approach for improving particle filters for multi-target tracking. The suggested approach was based on drift homotopy for stochastic differential equations. Drift homotopy was used to design a Markov Chain Monte Carlo step which is appended to the particle filter and aims to bring the particle filter samples closer to the observations. In the current work, we present an alternative way to append a Markov Chain Monte Carlo step to a particle filter to bring the particle filter samples closer to the observations. Both current and previous approaches stem from the general formulation of the filtering problem. We have used the currently proposed approach on the problem of multi-target tracking for both linear and nonlinear observation models. The numerical results show that the suggested approach can improve significantly the performance of a particle filter.
Correlational Study of McCarthy, Wisc, and Stanford-Binet Scales

A correlational study of scores on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and the Stanford-Binet was conducted as an effort to demonstrate validity for the McCarthy scales. While the Binet IQ was related to the McCarthy Verbal score and General Cognitive Index, the WISC subtest scores and IQs were significantly related to McCarthy scale scores. The results indicated a lack of specificity among McCarthy scale index measures and an ambiguous definition of the General Cognitive Index.
Scientists in an Environmental Controversy

The present context of public concern for the implications of technological advance brings special pressures to bear on the scientist. He may be called on in an advisory capacity on the basis of his technical expertise; or he may himself feel that the nature of his work obliges him to take a position on public issues. Involvement of scientists in political activity has long been a sensitive and divisive issue within the scientific community, and scientists have traditionally approached political issues with reluctance. 'Politics has been considered an alien element, essentially destructive of scientific endeavour. '3
Population transcript accumulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and elastase in sputa from patients with cystic fibrosis

The in vivo regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors during the chronic lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis is poorly understood. We have developed an approach for the analysis of transcript accumulation of individual virulence factors from the P. aeruginosa populations found in the sputa of patients with cystic fibrosis. This method has been named population transcript accumulation, since we examine the transcript accumulation patterns in RNA extracted from the total bacterial population found in the sputum samples. DNA probes specific for P. aeruginosa elastase (lasB) and exotoxin A (toxA) were used to examine the population transcript accumulation of 21 sputum samples taken from 10 patients. We detected three patterns of population transcript accumulation: lasB and toxA, lasB alone, and neither lasB nor toxA. We also measured the relative levels of elastase and exotoxin A transcript accumulation in 19 of these samples. In the six samples containing both toxA and lasB transcripts, we found that the levels of lasB transcripts were consistently higher than those of toxA. Differences in the stability of the two mRNA species could not completely account for the higher level of lasB population transcript accumulation, since we showed that the mRNA half-life of lasB (11 min) was similar to that of toxA (10 min). Finally, we showed that elastase transcripts could be detected in some samples which contained only mucoid isolates. This finding suggests that both mucoid and nonmucoid populations may be transcribing lasB in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis.
Self-Threat Magnifies the Self-Serving Bias: A Meta-Analytic Integration

Experiments testing the self-serving bias (SSB; taking credit for personal success but blaming external factors for personal failure) have used a multitude of moderators (i.e., role, task importance, outcome expectancies, self-esteem, achievement motivation, self-focused attention, task choice, perceived task difficulty, interpersonal orientation, status, affect, locus of control, gender, and task type). The present meta-analytic review established the viability and pervasiveness of the SSB and, more important, organized the 14 moderators just listed under the common theoretical umbrella of self-threat. According to the self-threat model, the high self-threat level of each moderator is associated with a larger display of the SSB than the low self-threat level. The model was supported: Self-threat magnifies the SSB.
Detection of peripheral HIV-1-specific memory B cells in patients untreated or receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy

Objectives: To examine whether polyclonal activation of circulating B cells, in a process that involves CD40–CD40 ligand and cytokine interactions, could induced HIV-1-specific memory B cells to synthesize HIV-1-specific antibodies. Methods: B cells from 26 HIV-1-infected patients were cultured with a CD40L-transfected cell line plus interleukins 2 and 10 and tested for their secretion of HIV-1- and Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies. Results: In vitro activated B lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected patients secreted anti-HIV-1-specific antibodies. B cells from HIV-1-infected patients as well as those from controls chronically infected by T. gondii synthesized T. gondii-specific antibodies. HIV-1-specific IgG-, IgA- or IgM-secreting B cells represented approximately 1 × 10−4 to 1 × 10−5 of total circulating B cells and 1 × 10−2 to 1 × 10−3 of immunoglobulin-secreting cells. HIV-1-specific memory B cells were found in 9/9 untreated patients and in 8/17 patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The other nine patients showed a normal CD40–CD40L B cell response and six of them produced T. gondii-specific antibody B cells. The follow-up of seven patients indicated that HIV-1-specific memory B cells became undetectable after 8 to 46 months of HAART, whereas T. gondii-specific memory B cells persisted in parasite coinfected patients. Conclusions: Circulating memory HIV-1-specific B cells were detected in untreated patients and in about half of the patients taking HAART, suggesting that persistent low-level ongoing viral replication is not sufficient to maintain HIV-1-specific memory B cells.
Interim Report of the Green Growth Strategy : Implementing our commitment for a sustainable future

Foreword The gravest crisis of our lifetimes is now receding, but this doesn't mean that we are going back to normal. Policy makers around the world are now confronting a triple and very delicate challenge: record unemployment, unsustainable fiscal deficits and low growth. All this in a context where environmental and climate concerns are becoming an increasingly important component of economic policy. Tackling these challenges efficiently will require a " policy hat trick " to generate the proper conditions for a sustainable growth path. But how can we achieve this when our traditional engines of growth are moving in slow motion? We need to rely on new sources of growth. There is no easy answer, but there are two clear opportunities that we can harness: innovation and green growth. In this challenging context, the decision taken by Ministers of 34 countries last year at the OECD Ministerial Meeting to develop a Green Growth Strategy was visionary. The mandate was clear: growth can ─ and should ─ go hand-in-hand with green. The multidisciplinary policy experience of the OECD made it the right place to begin. The OECD has been working on tackling environmental degradation and climate change from an economic perspective for several decades. Our experience points to the need for a broad, integrated mix of policies in order to achieve strong green growth. Market mechanisms will be crucial within such policy packages. Some of the most effective tools include getting the prices right, encouraging investment in green technologies and eliminating harmful policies, like fossil fuel subsidies. Promoting these instruments is among the smartest options. Broader policies to foster innovation will also be critical for creating new green industries, businesses and jobs. The OECD Green Growth Strategy will identify the key barriers that we need to overcome. It will develop practical policy tools for securing the shift to a greener economy. It will seek to be useful and accessible to OECD and emerging economies in their joint and individual ways to build a new sustainable growth path. This Interim Report provides first insights to better understand the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead and assesses some of the measures taken in the context of the crisis. It is the result of the work of OECD and partner countries. It has benefitted from the perspectives of business and civil society stakeholders. The 2010 Ministerial Council Meeting will be key for taking the …
Practical Idealism: An Oxymoron?

Prasad and Elmes (2005) provide an appealing critique of the ways in which current 'green' rhetoric may be used to deliver programmes which do little to protect the natural environment. The following paper will present evidence in support of their argument through reference to recent UK government proposals for the aviation industry. At the same time, it will be suggested that there are a variety of limitations with Prasad and Elmes' (2005) thesis, including a failure to address critique of the constructionist treatment of nature, an inappropriate use of Alvesson and Karreman's (2000) concept of mega-discourse, and a lack of attention to the tension between idealism and praxis. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2005.
Caregiving in counterpoint: reciprocal influences in the musical parenting of younger and older infants

In a national (US) telephone survey of parents of four‐month‐old to six‐month‐old infants (n = 2250), 904 respondents answered the question ‘Is there anything else you want to tell me about how or why you use music with your baby? ’ Qualitative analyses of responses generated descriptors, which were applied to Bornstein’s four caregiving domains to ascertain music’s role in parenting infants. Findings indicated a preponderance of Social Caregiving and a merging of Material with Nurturant caregiving, showing the use of music with young infants to be primary and basic. Study 2 examines data from a follow‐up written survey with the same participant pool. In responses to the same question from parents with infants 10–16 months old (n = 339), analyses revealed an even distribution between three domains: Social, Material, and a new merging of Nurturant with Didactic—indicating that parents were responding to children’s familiar musical behavior with teaching as well as socializing.
Perceived Innovation Attributes as Predictors of Innovativeness

Two studies are reported that apply diffusion theory to two new consumer products. The research objective in both studies was to discriminate buyers from nonbuyers using the personal characteristics of respondents and their perceptions of each new product and thereby also to assess the relative importance of the predictor variables. In both studies perceptual variables are found far more successful as predictors of the purchase outcome than respondent personal characteristics.
Urbanisation and labour markets in developing countries

This survey of predominantly economic research on urban labour forces in underdeveloped countries is designed for the undergraduate student of development studies. The non-specialist will find it succinct and comprehensible and frank in its exposure of the unsatisfactory state of current knowledge of this field. Sinclair demonstrates that research is hamstrung by conceptual confusion and indetermination: the terms used in analysis of Western labour forces (eg, 'employment/ 'job search') are now judged inappropriate, but scholars have not agreed upon fitting modifications. Concentrating his criticism upon the reference to 'formal' and 'informal' sectors in the urban economy, the author argues that modes of analysis are crude and often misleading. However, while pointing to examples of analytical refinement emerging in the literature, Sinclair does not commit himself to a final way of categorizing urban workers and their occupations. The last chapter cites studies which question the notions that it is easy for migrants to enter occupations in the informal sector and that they seek such employment as a 'last resort,' further reinforcing the judgment that scholars are far from comprehending the diversity presented by cities in the underdeveloped world. The impact of local and national policies upon changes in the labour force merits more attention than the few references Sinclair includes. This oversight suggests yet another weakness in the conception of the dynamic factors that shape urban labour markets.
Teacher and Student Attitudes toward Teacher Feedback

This study aims to explore students' attitudes toward teacher feedback. The study used a triangulation of participants and methods in which the practice of feedback was seen from the perspectives of students and teachers collected from the quantitative data (questionnaires) and qualitative data (open-ended items in questionnaires and interviews). A total of 100 students participated in filling in the questionnaires and 21 of them were interviewed using a semi-structured format. In addition, there were 20 teachers who completed the questionnaires and 10 of them were interviewed using the same semi-structured format. The findings show that generally teachers and students have a marked preference for teacher feedback. The high preference for teacher feedback was mainly the result of the respondents' positive attitudes towards teacher feedback. Interestingly, student preferences for teacher feedback also stemmed from their awareness that teachers control grades. The data collected from the questionnaires and interviews indicated that students preferred teacher feedback that was specific since this kind of feedback would facilitate students in the revision process. Students also show a high preference for feedback which focused on language. Compared to feedback on content, feedback on form was considered to be more helpful. Students often complained that teacher feedback on content tended to be general and sometimes, contradictory to student ideas. Moreover, the interview data illustrated that teacher feedback contributed greatly to students' emotional states particularly their motivation and attitudes towards writing.