Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of mandibular defects with autogenous bone and decellularized bovine bone grafts with freeze-dried bone marrow stem cell paracrine factors

The gold standard following segmental mandibulectomy is vascularized autologous bone graft in the form of the fibula flap. However, in bone reconstruction the use of autogenous bone does not always guarantee a successful outcome. The aim of the present investigation was to develop a novel biologically active bone (BAB) graft, and to use it for the reconstruction of large size defects of the mandible bone following tumor resection. In the first part of the present study, biologically active bone graft was developed by using human freeze-dried bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) paracrine factors and three-dimensional bone scaffold derived from cancellous bovine bone following decellularization. In the second part of the research, one male and three female patients with primary tumors of the mandible underwent hemimandibulectomy. The mandibular bone defects following tumor resection were reconstructed with autogenous rib grafts in three patients and BAB graft was used in one patient. The graft-host interfaces were covered with decellularized human amnion/chorion membrane graft. All patients were followed-up every five months following the reconstruction of the mandible, with no complications observed. Preliminary clinical investigations demonstrated that a BAB graft containing freeze-dried BMSC paracrine factors may be used for the reconstruction of large mandibular bone defects following tumor resection.
Gastrointestinal motility in the immediate postoperative period after intestinal transplantation, with special reference to acute rejection.

With the advent of a new immunosuppressive agent, FK 506, intestinal transplantation has become feasible, but with problems and complications. Gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility has been a problem after intestinal transplantation.1 However, its characteristics and mechanism are largely unknown, especially dysmotility developing during the immediate postoperative period. We studied the changes in GI motility in dogs for 2 weeks after intestinal autotransplantation and allotransplantation. The results were compared between both groups and correlation between intestinal dysmotility and histologic rejection was examined.
Cross-Modal Retrieval With CNN Visual Features: A New Baseline

Recently, convolutional neural network (CNN) visual features have demonstrated their powerful ability as a universal representation for various recognition tasks. In this paper, cross-modal retrieval with CNN visual features is implemented with several classic methods. Specifically, off-the-shelf CNN visual features are extracted from the CNN model, which is pretrained on ImageNet with more than one million images from 1000 object categories, as a generic image representation to tackle cross-modal retrieval. To further enhance the representational ability of CNN visual features, based on the pretrained CNN model on ImageNet, a fine-tuning step is performed by using the open source Caffe CNN library for each target data set. Besides, we propose a deep semantic matching method to address the cross-modal retrieval problem with respect to samples which are annotated with one or multiple labels. Extensive experiments on five popular publicly available data sets well demonstrate the superiority of CNN visual features for cross-modal retrieval.
Integrable Equations and Motions of Plane Curves

The connection between motion of space or plane curves and integrable equations has drawn wide interest in the past and many results have been obtained. The pioneering work is due to Hasimoto where he showed in [1] that the nonlinear Schrödinger equation describes the motion of an isolated non-stretching thin vortex filament. Lamb [2] used the Hasimoto transformation to connect other motions of curves to the mKdV and sine-Gordon equations. Lakshmanan [3] related the Heisenberg spin model to the motion of space curves in the Euclidean space. Langer and Perline [4] obtained the Schrödinger heirarchy from motions of the non-stretching thin vortex filament. Motions of curves in S2 and S3 were considered by Doliwa and Santini [5]. Nakayama [6, 7] investigated motions of curves in Minkowski space and obtained the Regge– Lund equation, a couple of systems of the KdV equations and their hyperbolic type. In contrast to the motions of curves in space, only two types of integrable equations have been shown to be associated to motions of plane curves. In fact, Goldstein and Petrich [8] discovered that the dynamics of a non-stretching string on the plane produces the recursion operator of the mKdV hierarchy. Nakayama, Segur and Wadati [9] obtained the sine-Gordon equation by considering a nonlocal motion. They also pointed out that the Serret–Frenet equations for curves in E2 and E3 are equivalent to the AKNS-ZS spectral problem without spectral parameter [10, 11]. It is commonly believed that the KdV equation does not occur in the motion of plane curves. The purpose of this paper is to study motions of plane curves in Klein geometries. These geometries are characterized by their associated Lie algebras of vector fields in E2. We shall see that the KdV, Harry–Dym and Sawada–Kotera hierarchies and the Kaup–Kupershmidt equation naturally arise from the motions of plane curves in affine, centro-affine and similarity geometries. The outline of this paper is as follows. In Section 2, we give a brief discussion on the Klein geometry. In Sections 3, 4, and 5, we discuss motion laws of plane curves respectively in affine, centro-affine and similarity geometries. Section 7 is concluding remarks about this work.
Getting to "no": strategies primary care physicians use to deny patient requests.

BACKGROUND Physicians need strategies for addressing patient requests for medically inappropriate tests and treatments. We examined communication processes that physicians use to deal with patient requests of questionable appropriateness. METHODS Data come from audio-recorded visits and postvisit questionnaires of standardized patient visits to primary care offices in Sacramento and San Francisco, California, and Rochester, New York, from May 2003 to May 2004. Investigators performed an iterative review of visit transcripts in which patients requested, but did not receive, an antidepressant prescription. Measurements include qualitative analysis of strategies for communicating request denial. The relationship between strategies and satisfaction reports in postvisit questionnaires was examined using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS Standardized patients requested antidepressants in 199 visits; the antidepressants were not prescribed in 88 visits (44%), 84 of which were available for analysis. In 53 of 84 visits (63%), physicians used 1 or more of the following 3 strategies that explicitly incorporated the patient perspective: (1) exploring the context of the request, (2) referring to a mental health professional, and (3) offering an alternative diagnosis. Twenty-six visits (31%) involved emphasis on biomedical approaches: prescribing a sleep aid or ordering a diagnostic workup. In 5 visits (6%), physicians rejected the request outright. Standardized patients reported significantly higher visit satisfaction when approaches relying on the patient perspective were used to deny the request (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Strategies for saying no may be used to communicate appropriate care plans, to reduce provision of medically inappropriate services, and to preserve the physician-patient relationship. These findings should be considered in the context of physician education and training in light of increasing health care costs.
Separation Times Analysis of Unsteady Boundary Layer Flow Past an Elliptic Cylinder Near Rear Stagnation Point

This paper describes the separation times for unsteady mixed convection flow over a cylinder of elliptic cross section when the major axis is horizontal (blunt orientation) and vertical (slender orientation) near rear stagnation point is studied. The unsteadiness is due to an impulsive motion of the free stream. The governing boundary layer equations are first reduced into a non-dimensional form and then, transformed into a set of non-similarity boundary layer equations, which are solved numerically using an efficient implicit finite-difference method known as the Keller-Box method. The numerical results of Keller-Box method are obtained for various values of Prandtl number, Pr, the mixed convection parameter, a and parameter for blunt and slender orientations, ω. The effects of these parameters on separation times are presented through graphs and tables.
Sports Fans and Media Use: Influence on Sports Fan Identification and Collective Self-Esteem

Research on sports fans has demonstrated a positive relationship between fan identification and self-esteem. The current investigation extended previous research by testing media use as a moderator. The author hypothesized that media use would be positively associated with measures of fan identification and collective self-esteem and also moderate the relationship between these 2 variables. This is because media use enhances positive distinctiveness for fans of sports teams, leading to higher collective self-esteem levels because of the ability to get up-to-date information about the team or player they support. Data gathered from student fans (N = 203) of a major U.S. west coast university football team confirmed the author’s expectations that sports fans’ use of 4 types of media—print, broadcast, online, and mobile phones—moderated the relationship between fan identification and collective self-esteem, with online media having the greatest impact on this relationship.
Membership role and subjective group dynamics: Impact on evaluative intragroup differentiation and commitment to prescriptive norms*

Two studies examined participants’ evaluations of ingroup or outgroup normative and deviant members and changes in agreement with a prescriptive norm. In Experiment 1 (N = 51), the normative target was either a full or marginal ingroup or outgroup member, and the deviant was a full member. In Experiment 2 (N = 113), both targets were full or marginal members, or one was a full member and the other was marginal. As predicted, maximal upgrading of normative members and downgrading of deviant members, as well as endorsement of the norm, occurred when both targets were full ingroup members. In contrast, the deviant was derogated least and the deviant’s position was endorsed most when the deviant target was a full ingroup member and the normative target was a marginal ingroup member. Evaluations of normative and deviant ingroup members mediated the effects of their role on participants’ agreement with the norm.
Transmission Capacities for Overlaid Wireless Ad Hoc Networks with Outage Constraints

We study the transmission capacities of two coexisting wireless networks (a primary network vs. a secondary network) that operate in the same geographic region and share the same spectrum. We define transmission capacity as the product among the density of transmissions, the transmission rate, and the successful transmission probability (1 minus the outage probability). The primary (PR) network has a higher priority to access the spectrum without particular considerations for the secondary (SR) network, where the SR network limits its interference to the PR network by carefully controlling the density of its transmitters. Assuming that the nodes are distributed according to Poisson point processes and the two networks use different transmission ranges, we quantify the transmission capacities for both of these two networks and discuss their tradeoff based on asymptotic analysis. Our results show that if the PR network permits a small increase of its outage probability, the sum transmission capacity of the two networks (i.e., the overall spectrum efficiency per unit area) will be boosted significantly over that of a single network.
Estimation of the Rate of Erosion of Valley Fill Deposits in a Part of the NW Lesser Himalaya

Depositional river terraces in tectonically active regions are used to determine the relative roles of tectonic and climatic changes in the landscape evolution of an area. Apart from providing evidences of tectonic and climatic shifts, these terraces over a long period act as a source of sediment, which is eroded from them. A terrace located in the Lesser Himalaya of known age and a small drainage network developed over it (indicating it to be the only source of erosion), was studied to estimate the rate of erosion. The rate of erosion was calculated by comparing the pre-erosion topography of the terrace modelled in this study by the present day topography of the terrace. Results show that these stored sediments in the form of a depositional terrace are being eroded at a rate of 190 tonnes/year. The results suggest that the rate at which these sediments are eroded is considerable and contributes significantly to the total sediment budget of the river.
Various scoring systems for predicting mortality in Intensive Care Unit.

CONTEXT Various scoring systems have been developed to predict mortality and morbidity in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), but different data has been reported so far. AIMS This retrospective clinical study aims to evaluate predictability of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), APACHE IV, Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS III) scoring systems regarding with mortality. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Sixteen bed surgical-medical ICU in university hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised 487 patients older than 18 years treated in ICU for at least 24 h. Age, gender, body weight, initial diagnosis, clinic of referral, intubation, comorbidities, APACHE II, APACHE IV, Glasgow coma scale, SAPS III scores, length of hospitalization before referral to ICU, length of stay in ICU, mechanical ventilation were recorded. RESULTS Most of the patients (54.6%) were consulted from operating room. The most frequent diagnosis was acute respiratory failure. Total mortality rate was 26%. Mortality rate was higher in patients admitted from wards other than surgery (48%) (P < 0.005). In the presence of comorbidities, mortality rate was higher with comorbidities than without (P < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated a significant positive relationship between length of stay in ICU, length of mechanical ventilation and high mortality risk in patients referred from emergency service (P < 0.05). Accuracy rates of predicting mortality were 81%, 79%, and 81% for APACHE II, APACHE IV, and SAPS III, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The investigated scoring systems are similar in sensitivity and specificity mortality prediction whereas the accuracy was higher for SAPS III and APACHE II than APACHE III in our patient population.
Skeletal Muscle Mass & Function in Older Women

Emelie Strandberg (2017): Skeletal Muscle Mass & Function in Older Women: Health-Enhancing Influences of Combined Resistance Exercise & Diet. Örebro Studies in Sport Sciences 26. Ageing is accompanied by a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength which may lead to impaired ability to perform activities of daily living in older adults. Although the exact cause of the gradual decline in muscle mass is unknown, identifying efficient strategies aiming to prevent age-related loss of muscle mass and strength is important in order to promote healthy ageing. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the effects of resistance training alone or combined with a healthy diet on skeletal muscle mass and function of healthy recreationally active older women and to determine mechanisms by which elevated systemic inflammation may contribute to the age-related decline of muscle mass in older adults. The combination of resistance training and a healthy diet induced gains in leg lean mass as well as greater gains in dynamic explosive force than resistance training alone in healthy recreationally active older women. The observed gains in leg lean mass were accompanied by increases in the size of type IIA muscle fibres together with down-regulation in gene expression of a pro-inflammatory factor (IL-1β) and upregulation in gene expression of a regulator of cellular growth (mTOR) in skeletal muscle of older women. Additionally, reduced muscle protein synthesis and size of muscle cells may mediate the detrimental effects of elevated circulating markers of inflammation on muscle mass in older adults. In conclusion, the present thesis depicts mechanistic links between elevated systemic marker of inflammation and muscle mass and provides new information on the effects of combined resistance training and healthy diet on muscle mass and strength in a group of healthy recreationally active older women. This knowledge is instrumental for development of strategies aiming to prevent age-related loss of muscle mass and function.
A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition

This tutorial provides an overview of the basic theory of hidden Markov models (HMMs) as originated by L.E. Baum and T. Petrie (1966) and gives practical details on methods of implementation of the theory along with a description of selected applications of the theory to distinct problems in speech recognition. Results from a number of original sources are combined to provide a single source of acquiring the background required to pursue further this area of research. The author first reviews the theory of discrete Markov chains and shows how the concept of hidden states, where the observation is a probabilistic function of the state, can be used effectively. The theory is illustrated with two simple examples, namely coin-tossing, and the classic balls-in-urns system. Three fundamental problems of HMMs are noted and several practical techniques for solving these problems are given. The various types of HMMs that have been studied, including ergodic as well as left-right models, are described. >
Development of a mouse computational model for MCNPx based on Digimouse (r) images and dosimetric assays

The aim of this study was to create and test a new mice 3D-voxel phantom named DM_BRA for mice and human first-estimation radiopharmaceutical dosimetry. Previously, the article reviews the state-of-art in animal model development. Images from Digimouse CT database were used in the segmentation and on the generation of the voxelized phantom. Simulations for validation of the DM_BRA model was performed at 0.015, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 4 MeV photons with heart-source. Specific Absorbed Fractions (SAF) data were compared with literature data. The organ masses of DM_BRA correlated well with existing models based on the same dataset; however, few small organ masses hold significant variations. The SAF data in most simulated cases were statistically equal to a significant level of 0.01 to the reference data.
Consensual Validity Parameters of the Zuckerman–Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire: Evidence From Self-Reports and Spouse Reports

One way of validating questionnaire responses is correlating them with ratings made by external assessors who know the ratee well: This is known as consensual validity. In this study, we assessed the consensual validity of the Zuckerman–Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ; Zuckerman, 2002; Zuckerman, Kuhlman, Joireman, Teta, & Kraft, 1993). A multitrait-multimethod matrix of self-reported and spouse reported personality ratings was used to establish convergent and discriminant validity by means of Campbell and Fiske's (1959) evaluative criteria. Self-reports of 86 men and 85 women were correlated with their spouses' reports. Intraclass correlations ranged from . 47 to . 63 for the 5 dimensions, providing strong evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. The results obtained favor the use of the ZKPQ as a valid self-report measure of personality traits.
The effect of judgment type and confidence scale on confidence-accuracy calibration in face recognition.

Confidence-accuracy calibration was examined for both absolute (recognizing single faces as old or new) and relative (selecting which of pairs of faces is old) judgments, using both full- (0%-100%) and half-range (50%-100%) confidence scales. The half-range confidence scale demonstrated superior calibration to the full-range scale, for which a confidence-accuracy association was evident only for the upper half (i.e., 50%-100%) of the scale. Good calibration was observed for the absolute judgment conditions, but the relative judgment conditions evidenced marked underconfidence. Also, in the absolute judgment conditions, good calibration for positive recognition decisions and poorer calibration for negative decisions was observed. These results are discussed in the context of theories of confidence and accuracy in face recognition memory and also of eyewitness identification research.
Assessment of valve haemodynamics, reverse ventricular remodelling and myocardial fibrosis following transcatheter aortic valve implantation compared to surgical aortic valve replacement: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study

Objective To compare the effects of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) on aortic valve haemodynamics, ventricular reverse remodelling and myocardial fibrosis (MF) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Design A 1.5 T CMR scan was performed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Setting University hospitals of Leeds and Leicester, UK. Patients 50 (25 TAVI, 25 SAVR; age 77±8 years) high-risk severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) patients. Main outcome measures Valve haemodynamics, ventricular volumes, ejection fraction (EF), mass and MF. Results Patients were matched for gender and AS severity but not for age (80±6 vs 73±7 years, p=0.001) or EuroSCORE (22±14 vs 7±3, p<0.001). Aortic valve mean pressure gradient decreased to a greater degree post-TAVI compared to SAVR (21±8 mm Hg vs 35±13 mm Hg, p=0.017). Aortic regurgitation reduced by 8% in both groups, only reaching statistical significance for TAVI (p=0.003). TAVI and SAVR improved (p<0.05) left ventricular (LV) end-systolic volumes (46±18 ml/m2 vs 41±17 ml/m2; 44±22 ml/m2 vs32±6 ml/m2) and mass (83±20 g/m2 vs 65±15 g/m2; 74±11 g/m2 vs 59±8 g/m2). SAVR reduced end-diastolic volumes (92±19 ml/m2 vs 74±12 ml/m2, p<0.001) and TAVI increased EF (52±12% vs 56±10%, p=0.01). MF reduced post-TAVI (10.9±6% vs 8.5±5%, p=0.03) but not post-SAVR (4.2±2% vs 4.1±2%, p=0.98). Myocardial scar (p≤0.01) and baseline ventricular volumes (p<0.001) were the major predictors of reverse remodelling. Conclusions TAVI was comparable to SAVR at LV reverse remodelling and superior at reducing the valvular pressure gradient and MF. Future work should assess the prognostic importance of reverse remodelling and fibrosis post-TAVI to aid patient selection.
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXV. Nomenclature, Classification, and Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Melatonin Receptors

The hormone melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) is synthesized primarily in the pineal gland and retina, and in several peripheral tissues and organs. In the circulation, the concentration of melatonin follows a circadian rhythm, with high levels at night providing timing cues to target tissues endowed with melatonin receptors. Melatonin receptors receive and translate melatonin's message to influence daily and seasonal rhythms of physiology and behavior. The melatonin message is translated through activation of two G protein-coupled receptors, MT1 and MT2, that are potential therapeutic targets in disorders ranging from insomnia and circadian sleep disorders to depression, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review summarizes the steps taken since melatonin's discovery by Aaron Lerner in 1958 to functionally characterize, clone, and localize receptors in mammalian tissues. The pharmacological and molecular properties of the receptors are described as well as current efforts to discover and develop ligands for treatment of a number of illnesses, including sleep disorders, depression, and cancer.