Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The dietary intake of a group of vegetarian children aged 7-11 years compared with matched omnivores

There is a lack of information concerning the diet of vegetarian children. The present study compared the dietary intake of fifty vegetarian children, aged 7–11 years, with fifty matched omnivores. Three 3 d food records were completed by each child at intervals of 6 months. The day after completing the record each child was interviewed to clarify food items and assess portion sizes. Food records were analysed using Microdiet (University of Salford). Finger-prick cholesterol and haemoglobin measurements were taken from a subsample of the group. Only one child's family was a member of the Vegetarian Society and almost one-third of vegetarian children had omnivorous parents (seventeen of fifty subjects). The energy intake (MJ) of the vegetarians was significantly lower than that of the omnivores, 7·6 (SD 1·05) and 8·0 (SD 1·36) respectively; there were no significant differences in Fe or fat intakes. For the vegetarians polyunsatnrated:saturated fat ratio (P:S 0·7 (SD 0·04)) and NSP intake (13·8 (SD 0·7) g/d) were significantly higher than those of the omnivores (P:S 0·5 (SD 0·02), NSP 10·3 (SD 0·4) g/d). There was no significant difference in cholesterol measurements (mmol/I) between the two groups: vegetarian 3·5 (SD 0·12), omnivores 3·7 (SD 0·15). The haemoglobin level (g/I) of the vegetarians (11·8 (SD 0·2)) was significantly below that of the omnivores (12·4 (SD 0·2)); 47·5% of the vegetarian children fell below the third percentile of the Dallman reference curves (Dallman & Siimes, 1979). The intake of the vegetarians more closely resembled current recommendations (Department of Health, 1991), although they need to be as aware as omnivores of the need to reduce fat intake. The haemoglobin levels of vegetarian children suggest that they need dietary advice to ensure optimal absorption of Fe.
THE BRIGHTEST GAMMA-RAY FLARING BLAZAR IN THE SKY: AGILE AND MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF 3C 454.3 DURING 2010 NOVEMBER

Since 2005, the blazar 3C 454.3 has shown remarkable flaring activity at all frequencies, and during the last four years it has exhibited more than one γ-ray flare per year, becoming the most active γ-ray blazar in the sky. We present for the first time the multi-wavelength AGILE, Swift, INTEGRAL, and GASP-WEBT data collected in order to explain the extraordinary γ-ray flare of 3C 454.3 which occurred in 2010 November. On 2010 November 20 (MJD 55520), 3C 454.3 reached a peak flux (E >100 MeV) of Fpγ = (6.8 ± 1.0) × 10−5 photons cm−2 s−1 on a timescale of about 12 hr, more than a factor of six higher than the flux of the brightest steady γ-ray source, the Vela pulsar, and more than a factor of three brighter than its previous super-flare on 2009 December 2–3. The multi-wavelength data make possible a thorough study of the present event: the comparison with the previous outbursts indicates a close similarity to the one that occurred in 2009. By comparing the broadband emission before, during, and after the γ-ray flare, we find that the radio, optical, and X-ray emission varies within a factor of 2–3, whereas the γ-ray flux by a factor of 10. This remarkable behavior is modeled by an external Compton component driven by a substantial local enhancement of soft seed photons.
Trauma-informed supervision: Historical antecedents, current practice, and future directions

ABSTRACT In this article, the author traces the development of the current emphasis on trauma-informed practice and care in behavioral and mental health treatment. Using the discrimination model of clinical supervision, the author then discusses the application of trauma-informed principles to supervision. Relevant research is cited, and case examples are employed to illustrate critical roles, responsibilities, and tasks. Challenges and future directions also are identified.
Combination of dasatinib and gemcitabine reduces the ALDH1A1 expression and the proliferation of gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells

Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is the standard for treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, intrinsic and acquired resistance to gemcitabine commonly occurs. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), one of the characteristic features of tumor-initiating and/or cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, is important in both intrinsic and acquired resistance to gemcitabine. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of dasatinib, an SRC inhibitor, and gemcitabine combination to inhibit the survivals of parental (MIA PaCa-2/P) and gemcitabine-resistant (MIA PaCa-2/GR) cell lines. In MIA PaCa-2/GR cells, the levels of phospho-SRC and ALDH1A1 were increased compared to MIA PaCa-2/P cells. Inhibition of SRC by dasatinib or siRNA synergistically enhanced gemcitabine-induced anti-proliferative effects and induced apoptotic cell death in these cells. Furthermore, combination of SRC inhibition (either by dasatinib or siRNA) and gemcitabine significantly decreased the levels of ALDH1A1 expression. These results suggest that dasatinib and gemcitabine combination may be a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome gemcitabine resistance by decreasing the levels of ALDH1A1 expression.
Revealing the Antecedents and Benefits of KMS Use: An Exploratory Study in a Petroleum Company in Oman

This pilot study aimed to explore technical and social antecedents and benefits of KMS use in a petroleum company in Oman. Data was collected through questionnaire given to KMS users. From the technical perspective, results uncovered that both knowledge utilizers and contributors were concerned about the system ease of use, speed and integration. Knowledge utilizers also valued knowledge richness in terms of relevancy and timeliness. From the social perspective, both knowledge utilizers and contributors considered time/availability as the major determinant of their behaviors. The results also suggested that knowledge utillizers valued the technical factors more than the social factors, whereas, knowledge contributors valued the social factors more than the technical factors. The study also revealed that KMS use resulted not only in individual benefits, but also organizational benefits. These achieved net benefits further boost KMS use.
An ideal hidden-activation mask for deep neural networks based noise-robust speech recognition

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are capable of modeling large acoustic variations. However, the performance on noisy data is still below humans' expectations. In this work, we present an ideal hidden-activation masking (IHM) approach to improve their noise robustness. This IHM is inspired by the existing spectral masking techniques. Instead of masking away the noise-dominant components in the spectral domain, we propose to discard DNNs' inconsistent hidden activations. The IHM is computed from the parallel data to identify hidden units that are immune to environment noise. DNNs then utilize it to improve their prediction robustness with the noise-invariant activations. Experimental results on the Aurora4 task have shown that the proposed IHM is both effective in reducing noise variations and robust to mask estimation errors.
Switching to preservative-free latanoprost: impact on tolerability and patient satisfaction

Patient satisfaction with glaucoma treatment has been poorly studied to date. Because glaucoma is a chronic condition in which the therapeutic response is dependent on adherence to treatment, patient acceptability is an important factor in achieving satisfactory outcomes. This multicenter, international (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Spain), epidemiological convenience sample survey among patients commencing treatment with preservative-free latanoprost collected data on patient satisfaction with particular regard to tolerability. A total of 1,541 patients were recruited who were predominantly elderly (74% were over 60 years of age) and female (61%). Most of the patients had previously received preserved topical glaucoma medication (69%), 6.7% had previously received preservative-free medication, whereas 24% had not previously been treated for glaucoma. The great majority of patients (>95%) were satisfied with the preservative-free latanoprost treatment. Among the patients who had previously received preserved medication, 73% of patients found preservative-free latanoprost to be better tolerated and 89% found it at least as easy to use as their prior treatment. Patient satisfaction (determined by a 0–100 mm visual analog scale) was improved by 47% on a switch from preserved treatment to preservative-free latanoprost. Intraocular pressure was similar in patients who had previously received preserved (18.3 mmHg), preservative-free (17.8 mmHg) glaucoma medication or who were naïve to treatment (20.3 mmHg). Preservative-free latanoprost provided effective reduction of intraocular pressure with better tolerability and patient satisfaction than preserved glaucoma medication. This tolerability profile can be expected to improve adherence to treatment in glaucoma patients.
The influence of horizontal boundaries on Ekman circulation and angular momentum transport in a cylindrical annulus

We present numerical simulations of circular Couette flow in axisymmetric and fully three-dimensional geometry of a cylindrical annulus inspired by Princeton magnetorotational instability (MRI) liquid gallium experiment. The incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved with the spectral element code Nek5000 incorporating realistic horizontal boundary conditions of differentially rotating rings. We investigate the effect of changing rotation rates (Reynolds number) and of the horizontal boundary conditions on flow structure, Ekman circulation and associated transport of angular momentum through the onset of unsteadiness and three-dimensionality. A mechanism for the explanation of the dependence of the Ekman flows and circulation on horizontal boundary conditions is proposed.
Galectin-3 Is a Negative Regulator of Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Inflammation1

Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that plays an important role in inflammatory diseases. It also interacts with the surface carbohydrates of many pathogens, including LPS. However, its role in infection is not fully understood. Data presented herein demonstrate for the first time that galectin-3 is a negative regulator of LPS-induced inflammation. Galectin-3 is constitutively produced by macrophages and directly binds to LPS. Galectin-3-deficient macrophages had markedly elevated LPS-induced signaling and inflammatory cytokine production compared with wild-type cells, which was specifically inhibited by the addition of recombinant galectin-3 protein. In contrast, blocking galectin-3 binding sites by using a neutralizing Ab or its ligand, β-lactose, enhanced LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression by wild-type macrophages. In vivo, mice lacking galectin-3 were more susceptible to LPS shock associated with excessive induction of inflammatory cytokines and NO production. However, these changes conferred greater resistance to Salmonella infection. Thus, galectin-3 is a previously unrecognized, naturally occurring, negative regulator of LPS function, which protects the host from endotoxin shock but, conversely, favors Salmonella survival.
Performances comparison between multilevel hierarchical and mesh FPGA interconnects

In this paper we evaluate a new multilevel hierarchical FPGA (MFPGA). The specific architecture includes two unidirectional programmable networks: A downward network based on the butterfly-fat-tree topology, and a special upward network. New tools are developed to place and route several benchmark circuits on this architecture. Comparison with the traditional symmetric, Manhattan mesh architecture shows that MFPGA can implement circuits with smaller area and better speed
Classifying Software Changes: Clean or Buggy?

This paper introduces a new technique for predicting latent software bugs, called change classification. Change classification uses a machine learning classifier to determine whether a new software change is more similar to prior buggy changes or clean changes. In this manner, change classification predicts the existence of bugs in software changes. The classifier is trained using features (in the machine learning sense) extracted from the revision history of a software project stored in its software configuration management repository. The trained classifier can classify changes as buggy or clean, with a 78 percent accuracy and a 60 percent buggy change recall on average. Change classification has several desirable qualities: 1) The prediction granularity is small (a change to a single file), 2) predictions do not require semantic information about the source code, 3) the technique works for a broad array of project types and programming languages, and 4) predictions can be made immediately upon the completion of a change. Contributions of this paper include a description of the change classification approach, techniques for extracting features from the source code and change histories, a characterization of the performance of change classification across 12 open source projects, and an evaluation of the predictive power of different groups of features.
Investigation of contact resistance influence on power cable joint temperature based on 3-D coupling model

Aiming at the overheating problem of cable joint, a 3-D finite element model of a single-core cable joint considering the coupling of electromagnetic field and temperature field has been built. In order to consider the heat losses generated by contact resistance of cable joint, the equivalent conductivity is calculated. The validity of the model and calculation method is verified by the comparison with analytical values.
Slip-flow pressure drop in microchannels of general cross section

In the present study, a compact analytical model is developed to determine the pressure drop of fully-developed, incompressible, and constant properties slip-flow through arbitrary cross section microchannels. An averaged first-order Maxwell slip boundary condition is considered. Introducing a relative velocity, the difference between the bulk flow and the boundary velocities, the axial momentum reduces to Poisson's equation with homogeneous boundary condition. Square root of area is selected as the characteristic length scale. The model of Bahrami et al. (2006, "Pressure Drop of Laminar, Fully Developed Flow in Microchannels of Arbitrary Cross Section," ASME J. Fluids Eng., 128, pp. 1036-1044), which was developed for no-slip boundary condition, is extended to cover the slip-flow regime in this study. The proposed model for pressure drop is a function of geometrical parameters of the channel: cross sectional area, perimeter, polar moment of inertia, and the Knudsen number. The model is successfully validated against existing numerical and experimental data collected from different sources in literature for several shapes, including circular, rectangular, trapezoidal, and double-trapezoidal cross sections and a variety of gases such as nitrogen, argon, and helium.
Rabi oscillations in the four-level double-dot structure under the influence of the resonant pulse

We study theoretically the quantum dynamics of an electron in the symmetric four-level double-dot structure under the influence of the monochromatic resonant pulse. The probability amplitudes of the eigenstates relevant for the quantum dynamics are found from the solution of the nonstationary Schr\"odinger equation. The first-order correction term to the solution obtained through the rotating-wave approximation is calculated. The three-level double-dot dynamics and the two-level single-dot dynamics, as well as the off-resonant excitation process, are derived from the general formulas for corresponding choices of the pulse and structure parameters. The results obtained may be applied to the solid-state qubit design.
Rate distortion optimized curve determination for curved wavelet image coding

The curved wavelet transform (CWT) was developed to enhance compactness of the wavelet transform (WT) representation. Curve determination is critical for the CWT because a well-defined curve set can increase the performance gain in terms of the rate-distortion (R-D). Conventionally, the image to be encoded is divided into blocks and the curve orientation in each block is independently determined through the minimization of its high-pass CWT energy. In this paper, we propose an R-D optimization algorithm for the curve determination, in which variable block size and the impact of neighboring blocks are taken into account. To reduce the computational cost, an alternative sampling strategy is exploited. Experiment results with natural images show that the proposed algorithm can provide better image quality, measured objectively or subjectively, compared to the conventional CWT coding algorithm. Importantly, the proposed approach overcomes the hurdles of computational cost and optimization at the global level opens the door for further performance enhancements of applications with the CWT.
Phase synchronization: from theory to data analysis

Synchronization of coupled oscillating systems means appearance of certain relations between their phases and frequencies. Here we use this concept in order to address the inverse problem and to reveal interaction between systems from experimental data. We discuss how the phases and frequencies can be estimated from time series and present techniques for detection and quantification of synchronization. We apply our approach to human posture control data of healthy subjects and neurological patients, to multichannel magnetoencephalography data and records of muscle activity of a Parkinsonian patient, and also use it to analyse the cardiorespiratory interaction in humans. By means of these examples we demonstrate that our method is effective for the analysis of systems interrelation from noisy nonstationary bivariate data and provides other information than traditional correlation (spectral) techniques. Published in: Handbook of Biological Physics, Elsevier Science, Series Editor A.J. Hoff, Vol. 4, Neuro-informatics, Editors: F. Moss and S. Gielen, Chapter 9, pp. 279-321, 2001. Preprint submitted to Elsevier Preprint 14 August 2001
Different types of spelling errors made by Kurdish EFL learners and their potential causes

The purpose of this study is to investigate various types of spelling errors and the causes of spelling inaccuracy of first year Kurdish college students found in their compositions. Participants are 40 Kurdish learners of English at two different universities, Koya University and Saladin University, who were studying English language and literature. The present study first displays general background about English writing system and definitions of related terms followed by an overview of Kurdish writing system and its orthography. In addition, differences between both languages’ writing systems have been shown as is likely to be the cause of Kurdish learners’ spelling mistakes. Spelling mistakes made by Kurdish college students are then classified into eight main categories and analysed statistically. The eight categories of English spelling mistakes incorporate Insertion, omission, substitutions, transposition, grapheme substitution, space inaccuracy, capitalisation and others. Despite lack of sufficient phonological and morphological knowledge in English the dissimilarity between English and Kurdish writing systems tends to be the main cause of spelling errors by first year Kurdish college students. It is significant for both students and instructors to be aware of the causes and types of English spelling mistakes so as to try to minimise them. It can be thought that knowing these causes would probably help not only English language learners but also its instructors to solve erroneous spellings to a large extent.
Maladaptive Bias for Extrahippocampal Navigation Strategies in Aging Humans

Efficient spatial navigation requires not only accurate spatial knowledge but also the selection of appropriate strategies. Using a novel paradigm that allowed us to distinguish between beacon, associative cue, and place strategies, we investigated the effects of cognitive aging on the selection and adoption of navigation strategies in humans. Participants were required to rejoin a previously learned route encountered from an unfamiliar direction. Successful performance required the use of an allocentric place strategy, which was increasingly observed in young participants over six experimental sessions. In contrast, older participants, who were able to recall the route when approaching intersections from the same direction as during encoding, failed to use the correct place strategy when approaching intersections from novel directions. Instead, they continuously used a beacon strategy and showed no evidence of changing their behavior across the six sessions. Given that this bias was already apparent in the first experimental session, the inability to adopt the correct place strategy is not related to an inability to switch from a firmly established response strategy to an allocentric place strategy. Rather, and in line with previous research, age-related deficits in allocentric processing result in shifts in preferred navigation strategies and an overall bias for response strategies. The specific preference for a beacon strategy is discussed in the context of a possible dissociation between beacon-based and associative-cue-based response learning in the striatum, with the latter being more sensitive to age-related changes.
Flip-Chip-Assembled Air-Suspended Inductors

This paper discusses high-performance planar suspended inductors for hybrid integration with microwave circuits. The inductors are fabricated using a silicon surface micromachining foundry process and assembled using flip-chip bonding. The silicon substrate is removed, leaving a metal inductor suspended 60 mum above the microwave substrate, thus reducing the parasitic capacitance and loss. Various rectangular, octagonal, and circular inductor geometries with one to five windings are designed with inductance values between 0.65 and 16 nH to demonstrate the flexibility of this technique. Measured self-resonant frequencies are between 5 and 34.8 GHz, with quality factors from 45 to 100. Equivalent circuits extracted from measurement for each inductor type show good agreement with measured impedance and full-wave simulations over frequency. The dc current handling limit is 200 mA
Between the Social and the Personal: Israeli Male Gay Parents, Surrogacy and Socio-Political Concepts of Parenthood and Gender

ABSTRACT This work focuses on the effects of dominant concepts of parenthood and gender on gay men who became parents through surrogacy. Based on the analysis of 39 in-depth, semistructured interviews with gay fathers, we show that gay fathers' parenting experiences are shaped by the heteronormative discourse on parenthood, yet they resist its gendered attributes. Gay parenthood is revealed as confronting the social concepts on parenthood, in particular on motherhood, and their socio-political meanings. The tension between the social concepts and the participants' perceptionsy leads them to confront their social environment and to construct alternative discourse to the social discourse of parenthood and gender, suggesting that gay parenthood subverts under existing concepts of parenthood, gender and their meanings within the state.