Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technical report: Insect remains from a Roman well at Hayton, East Yorkshire

Summary Following assessment, one of a group of five subsamples from the fills of a Roman timberlined well was selected for detailed analysis for insect and other macro-invertebrate remains. Insects were abundant and generally excellently preserved. It was argued that they represented both local and more distant habitats. The immediate surroundings seem to have been intensively used, with a limited fauna, and the wider landscape may have been used primarily for arable farming, as the evidence for grazing land was slight. There was little evidence of foul matter such as litter in livestock pens, almost no grain pests, and a limited fauna from buildings. Wood- or tree-associated species (other than the ubiquitous woodworm beetle) were very rare. Two bugs gave indications of temperatures above those of the mid 20 th century.
Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer: Make Them on Site or Have Them Delivered

Brisk fatty acid (FA) production by cancer cells is accommodated by the Warburg effect. Most breast and other cancer cell types are addicted to fatty acids (FA), which they require for membrane phospholipid synthesis, signaling purposes, and energy production. Expression of the enzymes required for FA synthesis is closely linked to each of the major classes of signaling molecules that stimulate BC cell proliferation. This review focuses on the regulation of FA synthesis in BC cells, and the impact of FA, or the lack thereof, on the tumor cell phenotype. Given growing awareness of the impact of dietary fat and obesity on BC biology, we will also examine the less‐frequently considered notion that, in addition to de novo FA synthesis, the lipolytic uptake of preformed FA may also be an important mechanism of lipid acquisition. Indeed, it appears that cancer cells may exist at different points along a “lipogenic‐lipolytic axis,” and FA uptake could thwart attempts to exploit the strict requirement for FA focused solely on inhibition of de novo FA synthesis. Strategies for clinically targeting FA metabolism will be discussed, and the current status of the medicinal chemistry in this area will be assessed. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2128–2141, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tizard Learning Disability Review More than pictures : developing an accessible resource

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of developing an accessible communication resource which enables people with a learning disability to reflect on their lives and raise issues of concern. Design/methodology/approach – The process of making the resource and the facets that contribute to making it accessible are explored, e.g. design specification, the relationship between pictures and meaning, the order in which concepts are presented. The paper goes on to describe how the resource is put into practice using the format of a “Talking Mat”. Talking Mats is a communication framework which has a strong evidence base that shows it improves the quality and quantity of information a person with a learning disability gives in a conversation. It provides practitioners with a consistent framework to support implementation. The impact of using the resource is explored through feedback from practitioners trained to use it and the stories that resulted. Findings – A well-constructed resource can support people with a learning disability to express their views on what matters to them at a specific time and raise concerns they may have. The individual views that have emerged from people are varied. This resource enabled them to be genuinely included in planning the steps required to bring about positive change in their lives. Originality/value – There is much emphasis on the development of accessible resources in the field of learning disability but little on the actual development process and the context of how resources are introduced. This paper aims to contribute to this knowledge base.
Data-Dependency Graph Transformations for Superblock Scheduling

The superblock is a scheduling region which exposes instruction level parallelism beyond the basic block through speculative execution of instructions. In general, scheduling superblocks is an NP-hard optimization and prior work includes both heuristic (polynomial-time) and optimal (enumerative) scheduling techniques. This paper presents a set of transformations to the data-dependency graph which significantly improves the results of heuristic and enumerative superblock scheduling. The graph transformations prune redundant and inferior schedules from the problem solution space. Heuristically scheduling the transformed data-dependency graphs yields significant reduction in expected execution time for hard superblocks. Also, enumeratively scheduling the transformed graphs is faster, and an optimal schedule is found for more problem instances within a bounded time. The transformations are applied to superblocks generated with the GNU compiler collection (GCC) using the SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks targeted to various processor models. The experimental results confirm that the transformations significantly improve the results for heuristic and enumerative superblock scheduling
Induction of Hair Growth by Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in 1,763 MHz Radiofrequency-Irradiated Hair Follicle Cells

Radiofrequency (RF) radiation does not transfer high energy to break the covalent bonds of macromolecules, but these low energy stimuli might be sufficient to induce molecular responses in a specific manner. We monitored the effect of 1,763 MHz RF radiation on cultured human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) by evaluating changes in the expression of cytokines related to hair growth. The expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA in hDPCs was significantly induced upon RF radiation at the specific absorption rate of 10 W/kg, which resulted in increased expression of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and cyclin D1 (CCND1) proteins and increased phosphorylation of MAPK1 protein. Exposure to 10 W/kg RF radiation 1 h per day for 7 days significantly enhanced hair shaft elongation in ex vivo hair organ cultures. In RF-exposed follicular matrix keratinocytes in the hair bulb, the expression of Ki-67 was increased, while the signal for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling was reduced. From these results, we suggest that 1,763 MHz RF exposure stimulates hair growth in vitro through the induction of IGF-1 in hDPCs.
On the source region of the lunar mare basalt

The lack of pervasive flooding of the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin raises questions about the mare basalt source region models, whether deep or shallow. This paper investigates the dichotomy between the nearside Imbrium-sized flooded basins and the unflooded SPA basin by modeling the effects of giant impacts on the dynamics of the lunar mantle. We allow an initially spherically symmetric Moon model to evolve through mantle convection for a few hundred million years and then let an Imbrium- or SPA-sized impact occur. The subsequent thermal convection in the lunar mantle resulting from the thermal energy introduced by an impact is determined for the next 100 m.y. The mantle is assumed to be incompressible, with an infinite Prandtl number and a temperature-dependent viscosity. It is shown that the mantle circulation induced by an Imbrium-sized impact can only slightly push aside the radioactive-rich potassium, rare earth element, and phosphorous (KREEP) layer from beneath the surrounding crust. This concentrates the radioactive elements beneath the low-thermal-conductive ejecta blanket and provides a suitable condition for enhancement of radioactive heating and subsequent partial melting and basaltic flow to the basin. On the other hand, a SPA-sized impact is capable of generating mantle circulation vigorous enough to strip away the KREEP layer from beneath the surrounding crust within a time period of 40 m.y. This removal prevents radioactive heating and partial melting beneath the surrounding crust, thus explaining the lack of flooding of SPA basin. These results are insensitive to the time of impacts but are strongly dependent on their sizes.
Right for the Right Reasons A final rejoinder on the Stern Review

Four authors of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change, and Dennis Anderson who provided advice and background papers for the Review, make a final rejoinder on the debate about the Review that has occupied recent issues of this journal. They respond to comments in the present issue by Carter et al., by Henderson, and by Tol and Yohe. Carter et al. continue to argue against a growing body of scientific evidence and a growing consensus on that same evidence. The source of their critique is, first, a distinctly partisan, and increasingly untenable, position on the broad range of available scientific evidence and, second, a mistrust of the international consensus-building exercise centred on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Henderson is also largely preoccupied with the latter, procedural issues. Tol and Yohe focus on economic arguments. Their critique is rather narrower in focus and concerns the way in which abatement costs were calculated in the supporting work carried out by Dennis Anderson. It rests on basic confusions and misconceptions, many of which were explained in previous contributions. However, readers of World Economics might be more interested in a broader reflection: how would the Stern team, following the debate of the last eight months, assess the approach, policies and arguments set out in the Review? Their view is that their analyses and policy proposals, and the arguments in support, are sound and have stood up well to scrutiny. In other words, they were right and for the right reasons. Central to many critiques of the Review is a fundamental misunderstanding of the role of formal, highly aggregated economic modelling. Nevertheless, the Stern team have argued strongly and in their view convincingly that, even within the confines of formal economic modelling, the concerns raised by a small group of commentators do not overturn their basic conclusion that the cost of action is much less than the cost of inaction. The critics here fall short by failing to simultaneously afford the necessary importance to issues of risk and ethics.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors: a new class of potential therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.

HDAC[2][1] inhibitors are members of a new class of agents that modulate the expression of genes by causing an increase in histone acetylation, thereby regulating chromatin structure and transcription [(1][2] [, 2)][3] . In this issue, Sandor et al. [(3)][4] describe the results of a Phase I study
A Business Process Perspective on IoT Implementation: Findings from a Comparative Case Analysis

The purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of Internet of Things (IoT) implementation. Based on an activity system theory perspective, this article sheds light on implementation activities as they are frequently performed by IoT solutions providers to uncover configurations thereof sufficient for achieving commercial success. We conduct an exploratory comparative case analysis and use fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to analyze data from a study with 52 IoT solution providers. FsQCA is a relatively novel, set theoretic method that has received increased interest in recent years. The results of the analysis indicate two sufficient configurations of factors. These configurations are conceivable as equifinal IoT implementation action repertoires for high commercial success. Knowledge of these action repertoires provides vision for complementarity effects among essential IoT implementation processes. In addition, it guides IoT solution providers by delineating design choices for IoT implementation.
A Fundamental Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies

The masses of supermassive black holes correlate almost perfectly with the velocity dispersions of their host bulges, Mbh ∝ σα, where α = 4.8 ± 0.5. The relation is much tighter than the relation between Mbh and bulge luminosity, with a scatter no larger than expected on the basis of measurement error alone. Black hole masses recently estimated by Magorrian et al. lie systematically above the Mbh-σ relation defined by more accurate mass estimates, some by as much as 2 orders of magnitude. The tightness of the Mbh-σ relation implies a strong link between black hole formation and the properties of the stellar bulge.
Effect of storage time and framework design on the accuracy of maxillary cobalt-chromium cast removable partial dentures

Statement of Problem: Inaccuracies in the fit of palatal major connectors may be related to distortion of the wax pattern due to prolonged storage time and faulty major connector design. Purpose: This in vitro study was carried out to find out the effect of storage time and major connector design on the accuracy of cobalt-chromium cast removable partial dentures (RPDs). Materials and Methods: A brass metal die with a Kennedy Class III, modification 1, the partially edentulous arch was used as a master die. Thirty-six refractory casts were fabricated from the master die. The refractory casts were divided into three groups (Group I: Anterior-posterior palatal bar, Group II: Palatal strap and Group III: Palatal plate) based on the design of maxillary major connector and subdivided into four groups (sub Group A: 01 h, sub Group B: 03 h, Sub Group C: 06 h, and sub Group D: 24 h) based on the storage time. For each group, 12 frameworks were fabricated. The influence of wax pattern storage time and the accuracy of the fit palatal major connector designs on the master die were compared. Casting defects (nodules/incompleteness) of the frameworks were also evaluated before finishing and polishing. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Results: The gap discrepancy was least in sub Group A (01 h) followed by sub Group B (03 h) and C (06 h) and most in sub Group D (24 h). Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05 in all locations L1–L5) in the fit of the framework were related to the design of the major connector. The gap discrepancy was least in Group I (anterior-posterior palatal bar) followed by Group II (palatal strap) and most in Group II (palatal plate). Conclusions: It is recommended that the wax patterns for RPD to be invested immediately on completion of the wax procedure. The selection of a major connector design is crucial for an accurate fit of RPD.
TRANSITIONAL CARDIAC CELLS OF THE CONDUCTIVE SYSTEM OF THE DOG HEART

Cardiac cells with distinctive electrophysiological and morphological features were found at the junctional region between Purkinje and ventricular cells of the dog heart. The electrophysiological exploration of these "transitional" cells revealed action potentials markedly different in configuration from those generated by Purkinje or by ventricular cells. The impaled cardiac cells which generated transitional action potentials were identified in serial sections and studied with the light and the electron microscopes. The transitional cells were found to be characterized cytologically by: (a) their subendocardial location, (b) their small diameter, (c) the absence of T system and sarcoplasmic reticulum, and (d) the lack of intercalated discs under the light microscope and the sparsity of specialized intercellular junctions under the electron microscope. Purkinje, transitional, and ventricular cells were found to be joined by gap junctions permeable to lanthanum. A quantitative difference in the extent and distribution of specialized intercellular junctions may be one of the factors responsible for the slow velocity of conduction characteristic of the Purkinje-ventricular junctional region.
QUANTIFYING THE ECOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF URBAN DENSIFICATION THROUGH MULTIPLE ENDMEMBER SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS , LANDSCAPE METRICS , AND FUZZY LOGIC

This paper introduces an integrative methodology that has been developed to measure temporal changes in urban morphology based on the techniques of multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA), landscape metrics, and fuzzy logic. In order to illustrate an application of the methodology, the paper uses two satellite images acquired in 1990 and 2000 for the metropolitan area of Los Angeles County, California, a megacity with complex morphological patterns that are rapidly changing due to a range of complex, interrelated forces of urbanization that are poorly understood. Through a wall-to-wall exercise, the paper discusses: (1) how the spatially continuous character of urban morphology in Los Angeles has been analyzed through the MESMA technique to capture and quantify within-class changes at the sub-pixel level; (2) how the magnitudes of changes have been assessed through fuzzy logic; and (3) how landscape metrics have been applied to quantify the ecological patterns of change at the census tract level.
Genetic polymorphisms in the renin–angiotensin system confer increased risk of stroke independently of blood pressure: a nested case–control study

Objective The renin–angiotensin system has a pathophysiological role in cardiovascular disease through a variety of processes. Polymorphisms in involved genes have been described and implicated in stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate two polymorphisms in two genes in the renin–angiotensin system and the risk of stroke. Design A nested case–control study using baseline data obtained from population-based surveys in northern Sweden was performed. There were 275 individuals without major concomitant disease who suffered a first ever stroke during follow-up and 549 controls matched for age, sex and domicile. Methods Blood samples obtained at baseline were analyzed for potential risk factors including the A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) gene and the functional insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene. Results Individuals with the AA genotype of the AT1R gene were at increased risk of ischemic stroke (odds ratio = 1.60; P = 0.005) compared with those with the AC and CC genotypes. The D allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism was associated with a higher risk of stroke (odds ratio = 1.58; P = 0.014). Conclusion In this prospective study, there was an association between A1166C polymorphism in the angiotensin II receptor gene and ischemic stroke. We also replicated previous observations that the D allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism was associated with increased risk of stroke. The observed elevated stroke risks conferred by these two polymorphisms are independent of each other and common risk factors such as blood pressure, diabetes, smoking and high cholesterol levels.
Evaluating User Activity in Enterprise Social Media Tad Hogg January

Organizations are deploying social media, such as blogs, to improve internal collaboration. Observing how users react to organizational work practices and com pany restructuring can help identify factors promoting effective use of social media within enterprises . This possibility is illustrated by two examples involving social media use at a large technology company, to identify how people attend to content and the robustness of communities formed through social media.
TRANSITIONS TO DEMOCRACY AND DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION: THEORETICAL AND COMPARATIVE ISSUES

In the 1980s, an extensive literature has emerged on transitions to democracy and democratic processes in Latin America. Latin Americans and Latin Americanists have produced ground breaking works that have enhanced understanding of these subjects. A number of differences of opinion, usually implicit and not articulated, have arisen. Considering the abundance and quality of the literature, a review of some major themes, debates, and disagreements is overdue. In response, this paper analyzes some of the key comparative and theoretical issues in the literature, in several cases challenging influential arguments.
Distinction between auroral substorm onset and traditional ground magnetic onset signatures

To evaluate whether ground magnetic responses traditionally viewed as signatures of substorm onset may be related to postonset auroral streamers rather than to substorm onset seen in aurora, we have analyzed ground magnetic and all‐sky image responses for 14 substorm onsets selected solely on imager coverage. We find evidence supporting this possibility, the response being approximately coincident for midlatitude positive bay and Pi2 pulsation enhancements and for abrupt auroral zone H decreases at stations near a streamer. These are all signatures of current wedge formation, indicating that substorm current wedge formation may be more of a response to plasma sheet flow channels associated with postonset streamers than to the process leading to auroral onset and that the current wedge may develop via a series of distinctly narrower wedge‐like structures. We also find evidence that periods of streamers can occur more than once during a substorm expansion phase and can give magnetic signatures of multiple onsets even if there are no additional auroral onsets. Furthermore, the peak auroral zone H decreases are seen in association with streamers and at times varying from just a few minutes to well over a half hour after substorm auroral onset if there is a prolonged period of streamers. This indicates that peak substorm AE and AL values are likely related to features of postonset streamers and their locations relative to observing stations and are not a measure of the strength of the substorm auroral onset processes. We discuss possible additional implications on substorm expansion phase development.
INTRICATED CROSS‐STRATIFICATION DUE TO INTERACTION OF A MEGA RIPPLE WITH ITS LEE‐SIDE SYSTEM OF BACKFLOW RIPPLES (UPPER‐POINTBAR DEPOSITS, LOWER RHINE)

SUMMARY1 Of the several uncommon types of large-scale cross-stratification encountered in Late Holocene upper-pointbar sandy deposits of the Rhine, one is examined in detail. This type is structurally bipartite as it consists of a relatively coarse-grained, upper interval of large-scale foresets, which indentate with the oppositely dipping small-scale foresets in the underlying finer interval. The lower interval is usually of smaller, and incidentally of the same thickness as the upper one. Together they constitute the so called “interwoven set”. The interwoven set is regarded as formed by a mega ripple (dune) with in front of it, a simultaneously active system of small-scale, oppositely moving, ripples propelled by the backflow branch of the mega ripple's lee-side vortex. Comparison of dip, strike, and principal bedding-plane (= horizontal) sections brought to light dissimilarity in the crestline orientations of the mega-ripple and backflow-ripple systems. The latter's oblique, or incidentally perpendicular orientation with respect to the mega-ripple front indicates a conspicious component of lateral water movement, which in the present outcrop was consistent from the left to the right, for the observer looking down(main)stream. It is suggested that this lateral water movement is due to the radial (transverse) flow in the bend of a meandering river. From the sense of the radial flow the river's bend configuration (here: right hand turn) can be inferred. Relative wander velocities of mega- and backflow-ripple systems were deduced from the configuration in a horizontal section made through the interaction zone of the two structural intervals.