Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Emotional Labor Strategies, Service Provider Hostility, and Service Quality

This article suggests that emotional labor strategies relate differently to negative emotions displayed by service providers during service interactions. The display of hostile emotions by service providers is expected to influence customer perception of service quality. Findings tested in a sample of 107 service provider–customer dyads show that only surface acting related positively to service provider displays of hostility. Surface acting was also related positively to customers' evaluation of service quality. The same relationships with deep acting failed to reach significance. Furthermore, the display of service provider hostility was negatively related with customer evaluations of service quality.
Measurement of the B^+ → ωℓ^+ν branching fraction with semileptonically tagged B mesons

We report a measurement of the branching fraction of the exclusive charmless semileptonic decay B^+→ωl^+ν, where l is either an electron or a muon. We use samples of B^+ mesons tagged by a reconstructed charmed semileptonic decay of the other B meson in the event. The measurement is based on a data set of 426.1 fb^(-1) of e^+e^- collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e^+e^- storage rings. We measure a branching fraction of B(B^+→ωl^+ν)=(1.35±0.21±0.11)×10^(-4), where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. We also present measurements of the partial branching fractions in three bins of q^2, the invariant-mass squared of the lepton-neutrino system, and we compare them to theoretical predictions of the form factors.
Gene therapy of the brain

Many chronic neurologic diseases do not respond to small molecule therapeutics, and have no effective long-term therapy. Gene therapy offers the promise of an effective cure for both genetic and acquired brain disease. However, the limiting problem in brain gene therapy is delivery to brain followed by regulation of the expression of the transgene. Present day gene vectors do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Consequently, brain gene therapy requires craniotomy and the local injection of a viral gene vector. However, there are few brain disorders that can be effectively treated with local injection. Most applications of gene therapy require global expression in the brain of the exogenous gene, and this can only be achieved with a noninvasive delivery through the BBB—the trans-vascular route to brain. An additional consideration is the potential toxicity of all viral and nonviral approaches, which may either integrate into the host genome and cause insertional mutagenesis or cause inflammation in the brain. Nonviral, noninvasive gene therapy of the brain is now possible with the development of a new approach to targeting therapeutic genes to the brain following an IV administration. This approach utilizes genetically engineered molecular Trojan horses, which ferry the gene across the BBB and into neurons. Global and reversible expression of therapeutic genes in the human brain without surgery and without viral vectors is now possible.
Early Development of Functional Spatial Maps in the Zebrafish Olfactory Bulb

In the adult olfactory bulb (OB), particular chemical classes of odorants preferentially activate glomeruli within loosely defined regions, resulting in a coarse and fractured “chemotopic” map. In zebrafish, amino acids and bile acids predominantly stimulate glomeruli in the lateral and medial OB, respectively. We studied the development of these spatial response maps in zebrafish. At 3 d postfertilization (dpf), the OB contained protoglomerular structures that became refined and more numerous during subsequent days. In a transgenic zebrafish line expressing the Ca2+ indicator protein inverse pericam, mainly in mitral cells, odor responses in the OB were first detected at 2.5-3 dpf. Already at this stage, amino acids and bile acids evoked activity predominantly in the lateral and medial OB, respectively. Two-photon Ca2+ imaging using a synthetic indicator was used to reconstruct activity patterns at higher resolution in three dimensions. Responses to amino acids and bile acids were detected predominantly in the lateral and medial OB, respectively, with little overlap. Between 2.5 and 6 dpf, the number of odor-responsive units increased, but the overall spatial organization of activity persisted. Hence, a coarse spatial organization of functional activity maps is established very early during OB development when glomeruli are not yet differentiated. This spatial organization is maintained during development and growth of neuronal circuits and may have important functions for odor processing in larvae, for the differentiation of glomeruli, and for the refinement of activity maps at later developmental stages.
Prevalence, associations, and predictors of apathy in adult survivors of infantile (<5 years of age) posterior fossa brain tumors.

BACKGROUND Apathy is associated with pervasive and disadvantageous effects on daily functioning. It has been observed transiently in some children after surgery for posterior fossa tumors. In this study, our objective was to examine prevalence, associations, and predictors of apathy in adult survivors of an infantile posterior fossa brain tumor (PFT). METHODS One hundred seventeen adult survivors of a childhood PFT diagnosed before age 5 years and 60 of their siblings were assessed in a cross-sectional study a mean of 32 years (range, 18-53 years) after survivors' initial tumor diagnoses, using the Marin Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), the Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for psychiatric disorders. RESULTS Marin Apathy Evaluation Scale, the Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence reached or exceeded a criterion score for clinically significant apathy in 35% of survivors, compared with 18% in a sibling comparison group. In both siblings and survivors, apathy was associated with lower verbal and full-scale IQ and, among survivors, with having undergone partial rather than total tumor resection (independent of irradiation status). Apathy was not related to presence of concurrent International Classification of Diseases, 10(th) Revision, depression. Female sex was associated with late apathy after a PFT, with increased likelihood of women reaching the apathy criterion relative to men if they were survivors. CONCLUSIONS Clinically significant and potentially treatable apathy occurs relatively commonly in adult survivors of an infantile childhood PFT, particularly women. Clinicians, including those managing posterior fossa pathology in very young children, should be aware of this association, and future research should clarify whether specific treatment-related variables are implicated in increasing this risk of apathy.
The role of acceptance and empowerment in promoting reconciliation from the perspective of the needs-based model

We propose that following a victimization episode, victims experience an enhanced need for power, whereas perpetrators experience an enhanced need for social acceptance. We present the needs-based model of reconciliation, according to which the reciprocal satisfaction of these needs may lead to improved relations between victims and perpetrators. We then use the model as an organizing framework for reviewing theories and empirical findings within the field of victim/perpetrator dynamics in general and reconciliation in particular. We also examine its applicability to various contexts including interpersonal and intergroup conflicts and conflicts between majority and minority groups within the same society. Finally, we conclude by discussing policy implications drawn from the model.
Supporting real-time speech on wireless ad hoc networks: inter-packet redundancy, path diversity, and multiple description coding

We consider the problem of supporting real-time traffic over packetized wireless ad hoc networks. Our specific emphasis is on speech, since this is a critical application in many scenarios such as emergency deployment of ad hoc networks. Standard retransmission-based Medium Access Control (MAC) strategies are poorly matched to speech applications, because the payload size for speech as well as for MAC-layer acknowledgements (ACKs) is small compared to the packet header, which contains a large synchronization preamble. In this paper, we show that inter-packet redundancy is significantly more efficient than traditional MAC layer retransmissions, in terms of both network capacity and end-to-end delay. The key observations regarding our design and results are as follows. Because of the small payloads, introducing redundancy across packets only increases the packet transmission time slightly, and hence has negligible impact on the packet collision rate. Thus, we obtain large gains from redundant transmission essentially "for free. " Because of the large packet header, elimination of ACKs leads to substantial bandwidth savings. Overall, a combination of inter-packet redundancy (at the MAC layer), path diversity (at the network layer), and multiple description source coding (at the application layer), is shown to provide significant improvements in bandwidth efficiency and delay.
GENDER STRATIFICATION IN CONTEMPORARY URBAN JAPAN

Japanese women participate in the labor force at rates similar to women in Western industrial nations but gender stratification patterns are sharper. Women in Japan are less apt to work as employees a tendency that increases with age. Likewise female employees tend to shift from larger to smaller firms across the life cycle whereas male employees do not. These aggregate patterns imply that Japanese women are seldom placed in career-track positions in large firms early in their careers. Analyses on labor market entry data from the 1984 Survey on Work Patterns substantiate this view. Although Japanese men and women enter large firms at equivalent rates upon leaving school 22% of men and only 7% of women enter career ladders. The majority of women enter large firms as clerical workers 3/4 of whom are in low-level assistant clerical positions. Causal processes governing entrance to large firms and career tracks are examined in the paper with particular attention to the relative returns to different levels and types of education for Japanese men and women. (authors)
Loss of Usp9x Disrupts Cortical Architecture, Hippocampal Development and TGFβ-Mediated Axonogenesis

The deubiquitylating enzyme Usp9x is highly expressed in the developing mouse brain, and increased Usp9x expression enhances the self-renewal of neural progenitors in vitro. USP9X is a candidate gene for human neurodevelopmental disorders, including lissencephaly, epilepsy and X-linked intellectual disability. To determine if Usp9x is critical to mammalian brain development we conditionally deleted the gene from neural progenitors, and their subsequent progeny. Mating Usp9xloxP/loxP mice with mice expressing Cre recombinase from the Nestin promoter deleted Usp9x throughout the entire brain, and resulted in early postnatal lethality. Although the overall brain architecture was intact, loss of Usp9x disrupted the cellular organization of the ventricular and sub-ventricular zones, and cortical plate. Usp9x absence also led to dramatic reductions in axonal length, in vivo and in vitro, which could in part be explained by a failure in Tgf-β signaling. Deletion of Usp9x from the dorsal telencephalon only, by mating with Emx1-cre mice, was compatible with survival to adulthood but resulted in reduction or loss of the corpus callosum, a dramatic decrease in hippocampal size, and disorganization of the hippocampal CA3 region. This latter phenotypic aspect resembled that observed in Doublecortin knock-out mice, which is an Usp9x interacting protein. This study establishes that Usp9x is critical for several aspects of CNS development, and suggests that its regulation of Tgf-β signaling extends to neurons.
Stem cells of the lower limb: Their role and potential in management of critical limb ischemia

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) contributes to decreased exercise tolerance, poor balance, impaired proprioception, muscle atrophy and weakness, with advanced cases resulting in critical limb ischemia (CLI) where the viability of the limb is threatened. Patients with a diagnosis of CLI have a poor life expectancy due to concomitant cardio and cerebrovascular diseases. The current treatment options to avoid major amputation by re-establishing a blood supply to the limb generally have poor outcomes. Human skeletal muscle contains both multipotent stem cells and progenitor cells and thus has a capacity for regeneration. Phase I and II studies involving transplantation of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells into CLI limbs show positive effects on wound healing and angiogenesis; the increase in quiescent satellite cell numbers observed in CLI muscle may also provide a sufficient in vivo source of resident stem cells. These indigenous cells have been shown to be capable of forming multiple mesodermal cell lineages aiding the repair and regeneration of chronically ischemic muscle. They may also serve as a repository for autologous transplantation. The behavior and responses of the stem cell population in CLI is poorly understood and this review tries to elucidate the potential of these cells and their future role in the management of CLI.
Inclusion ‐ in disabling schools

This article documents patterns of the learning conditions of pupils who have been administratively categorised as needing specially adapted teaching in upper secondary education. The context is in Norway under the latest major reform known as ‘Reform 94’. ‘Pupils with special needs’ covers a wide range of sub‐categories. The main category is used to identify those pupils the system identifies as needing ‘remedial teaching’. Patterns in learning conditions and processes are established by analysing longitudinal survey data following the 1995 intake cohort of pupils through their upper secondary education, analysing learning provisions during their transitions between course levels and school years. This is supplemented with interview data covering a period of one and a half‐year. This article analyses and discusses the results and attempts to explain the transformation of structural changes of schooling into didactic and specially adapted teaching. A central question is whether we are facing a paradox of inclusion in disabling schools.
New microbial spectrum of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis: clinical and laboratory aspects of an outbreak.

Red eye syndrome, commonly referred to as epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), occurs worldwide, affects a large number of individuals, is infectious, is often seasonal and is invariably considered to have a viral aetiology (adenovirus, enterovirus). 1 2 The diagnosis is mostly clinical, and laboratory investigations are rarely undertaken, owing to the self-limiting nature of the disease. Causes other than viral have never been considered. This communication describes a seasonal outbreak of EKC that clinically mimicked viral EKC but was proven through laboratory investigations to be microsporidial infection of the cornea. Corneal scrapings were examined in all cases by recommended procedures.3 Typical microsporidial spores were demonstrated …
Order and Magnitude Share a Common Representation in Parietal Cortex

The role of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in the representation of numerical magnitude is well established. Recently, there has also been speculation that the IPS is involved in the representation of ordinal information as well. These claims, however, overlook the fact that all neuroimaging paradigms in which participants make judgments about either magnitude and/or order result in a behavioral distance effect (i.e., the comparison is easier when the stimuli span a greater distance). This leaves open two possibilities: It may be that activation of the IPS is due to the mechanism that yields distance effects, or it may be that the IPS is involved in the representation of information about both magnitude and order. The current study used fMRI to compare a magnitude task in which participants show distance effects to an order-judgment task that yields reverse-distance effects. The results reveal activation of the IPS for both the magnitude and order tasks that is based on participants' strategies as opposed to the actual distance between the numbers. This leads to the conclusion that the IPS represents a mental number line, and that accessing this line can lead to distance effects when participants compare magnitudes and to reverse-distance effects when participants check for order.
Essays on group decision making under risk

Economic theory traditionally explains choice under risk through the preferences of the individual, yet many important economic decisions are made by groups. To increase our understanding of the implications of group decisions and enrich our theories accordingly, we need empirical and experimental evidence on groups. Although economists have conducted controlled laboratory experiments on individual choice for many decades, only recently have researchers begun to use the experimental method to study group decisions under risk. This thesis contributes to the study of group decision making under risk by providing a cross-disciplinary review of the growing literature on this topic, followed by three experiments on risk-taking by groups. The first experiment investigates the role of communication and peer effects, the second experiment investigates group composition, and the final experiment focuses on information sharing in groups.
Compensation Rigging by Powerful CEOs: A Reply and Cross-Sectional Evidence

Wan (2013) argues that the statistical inferences in our Journal of Finance (2011) paper are not robust, as we do not prove that it is powerful CEOs that rig incentive contracts. Wan makes the theoretical claim that the rigging results are consistent with ex-post optimal re-contracting. However, optimal re-contracting cannot explain the loss in firm value from contract switching we show in the paper. Nor do we know of a theory that would predict that ex-post realignment could be tested using our contract switching term in the wage function, like Wan does. On the empirical front, Wan's critique has at least three flaws. First, his standardized performance measures — different than ours — result in accounting returns being 14 percentage points higher than stock returns. Consequently, switching between measures, necessary for identification, is infrequent and outlier-based, not surprisingly delivering regression estimates different from ours. Second, he interprets selectively among insignificant coefficients to make his claims. Third, regardless of interpretation, basic mathematics casts doubt on the premise of his estimation strategy. Wan makes one valid point: our original work could have provided more extensive cross-sectional empirical support for our rigging claims. We take this opportunity to present new cross-sectional (between-firm) evidence and conclude even more strongly that powerful CEOs sway boards to load their incentive pay on more favorably performing measures.
Delay-dependent stability of reset control systems

This work presents results on the stability of time-delay systems under reset control. The case of delay-dependent stability is addressed by developing a generalization of previous stability results of reset systems without delays, and also the case of delay-independent stability. Stability conditions are given by using a set of LMIs and passivity properties. These conditions guarantee that the reset action does not destabilize the base LTI system. Finally, limitations and future directions are discussed by describing function analysis.
Facade Reconstruction Using Multiview Spaceborne TomoSAR Point Clouds

Recent advances in very high resolution tomographic synthetic aperture radar inversion (TomoSAR) using multiple data stacks from different viewing angles enables us to generate 4-D (space-time) point clouds of the illuminated area from space with a point density comparable to LiDAR. They can be potentially used for facade reconstruction and deformation monitoring in urban environment. In this paper, we present the first attempt to reconstruct facades from this class of data: First, the facade region is extracted using the density estimates of the points projected to the ground plane, the extracted facade points are then clustered into individual facades by means of orientation analysis, surface (flat or curved) model parameters of the segmented building facades are further estimated, and the geometric primitives such as intersection points of the adjacent facades are determined to complete the reconstruction process. The proposed approach is illustrated and validated by examples using TomoSAR point clouds generated from stacks of TerraSAR-X high-resolution spotlight images from two viewing angles, i.e., both ascending and descending orbits. The performance of the proposed approach is systematically analyzed. To explore the possible applications, we refine the elevation estimate of each raw TomoSAR point by using its more accurate azimuth and range coordinates and the corresponding reconstructed building facade model. Compared to the raw TomoSAR point clouds, significantly improved elevation positioning accuracy is achieved. Finally, a first example of the reconstructed 4-D city model is presented.
National Survey Results on Drug Use from the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975-1995. Volume II: College Students and Young Adults.

AUTHOR Johnston, Lloyd D. ; O'Malley, Patrick M. ; Bachman, Jerald G. TITLE National Survey Results on Drug Use from the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975-1995. Volume 1, Secondary School Students. INSTITUTION Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Inst. for Social Research. SPONS AGENCY National Inst. on Drug Abuse (DHHS/PHS), Rockville, MD. REPORT NO NIH-96-4139 PUB DATE 1996-00-00 NOTE 496p. ; For volume II, see CG 028 238. CONTRACT 3R01DA01411 PUB TYPE Numerical/Quantitative Data (110) Reports Research
How to repair speech repairs in an end-to-end system

If automatic speech processing wants to deal with spontaneous speech, it has to deal with disfluencies in general and speech repairs in particular as well. The paper describes the processing of speech repairs in the VERBMOBIL system and discusses the special requirements of real-time systems. With respect to this criterion, the VERBMOBIL approach and its results are compared to other work. All these results are based more or less on the evaluation of a stand alone process, not integrated in a speech system. The ultimate goal is, of course, the use and the evaluation of the impact of such a repair process in a real-time, end-to-end system. An evaluation method based on this idea is presented and some preliminary results are given.