Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of ten species of mosquito larvae to the parasitic nematode Romanomermis iyengari and its development

Ten species of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from five genera were exposed to preparasites of the tropical mermithid nematode species Romanomermis iyengari (Welch) (Nematoda: Mermithidae), a strain isolated in 1978 from Pondicherry. By exposing mosquito larvae during the second instar, nematode infection was invariably lethal, the rate being highest in Culex sitiens Wiedemann (95%) followed by Cx. quinquefasciatus Say (90%), Aedes aegypti (L.) (79%), Anopheles subpictus Grassi (64%), Ae. albopictus (Skuse) and Armigeres subalbatus Coquillett (62%), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Giles (57%), Mansonia annulifera (Theobald) (46%), An. stephensi Liston (40%) and An. culicifacies Giles (36%). When fourth‐instar larvae were exposed, the infection was highest in Ar. subalbatus (66%), followed by An. stephensi (52%), Cx. quinquefasciatus (47%), Ae. aegypti and An. subpictus (42%), Ae. albopictus (30%), An. culicifacies (29%), Cx. sitiens (24%), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (19%) and Ma. annulifera (8%), with 2–45% of infected culicines surviving to adulthood. The parasitic phase of the nematode lasted 5–7 days in all the host species, yielding 1.1–3.2 parasites per II instar and 1.1–2.5 parasites per IV instar. The overall output of parasites per 100 mosquito larvae (infected + uninfected) was highest for Ae. aegypti when mosquitoes were exposed during II instar (2.53 parasites/larva) and for Ar. subalbatus when mosquitoes were exposed during IV instar (1.65/larva), and lowest for Ma. annulifera exposed during IV instar (0.09/larva). For routine laboratory culture of R. iyengari it is convenient to employ Cx. quinquefasciatus as the host yielding 90–190 parasites/100 larva.
Goldenhar syndrome: clinical features with orofacial emphasis

OBJECTIVES Goldenhar syndrome (GS) is a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial anomalies in association with vertebral, cardiac, renal, and central nervous system defects. This paper describes GS features with special emphasis on oral characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS The clinical features of 6 patients with GS aged 3 months to 12 years are described, and a brief review of the literature about this genetic disorder is presented. RESULTS All patients demonstrated the classical triad of GS, including mandibular hypoplasia resulting in facial asymmetry, ear and/or eye malformation, and vertebral anomalies. In addition, renal and gastrointestinal abnormalities were observed in 2 patients. Regarding the oral involvement, 2 patients presented cleft lip and palate, and 1 patient had temporomandibular joint malformation. Malocclusion was found in all patients. CONCLUSION Our orofacial findings correlate with the reported cases in the literature, and point out that after diagnosis GS patients need to be examined for systemic abnormalities.
A fast multiple mode intermediate level circuit model for the prediction of shielding effectiveness of a rectangular box containing a rectangular aperture

This paper presents an intermediate level circuit model (ILCM) for the prediction of the shielding effectiveness (SE) of a rectangular box containing a rectangular aperture, irradiated by a plane wave. The ILCM takes into account multiple waveguide modes, and is thus suitable for use at high frequencies and/or relatively large boxes. Inter-mode coupling and reradiation from the aperture are taken into account. The aperture may be positioned anywhere in the front face of the box, and the SE at any point within the box may be found. The model is presented in such a way that existing ILCM techniques for modelling elements such as monopoles, dipoles, loops, or transmission lines may be seamlessly incorporated into the circuit model. Solution times using the ILCM technique are three orders of magnitude less than those required by traditional numerical methods such as FDTD, TLM, or MoM. Accuracy however is not significantly compromised. Comparing the circuit model with TLM over nine data sets from 4 MHz to 3 GHz resulted in an rms difference of 7.70 dB and mean absolute difference of 5.55 dB in the predicted SE values.
In Vivo Characterization of a Novel Phenylisothiocyanate Tropane Analog at Monoamine Transporters in Rat Brain

Previous studies have shown that the phenylisothiocyanate tropane analog 2-β-propanoyl-3-β-(2-naphthyl)-8-[4-isothiocyanato)benzyl]nortropane (HD-205) binds covalently to dopamine and serotonin transporters (DAT and SERT, respectively) in rat brain membranes (Biochem Pharmacol 74:336–344, 2007). The present study evaluated the irreversible effects of HD-205 in vivo in rats after intracranial injection. Rats were implanted with unilateral cannulae in rat striatum, and HD-205 (0.001–3 nmol) was administered by intrastriatal injection. In vitro autoradiography of DAT binding with [125I]2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane (RTI-55) on brain sections obtained 24 h after injection showed a highly localized blockade of binding in striatum, with maximal blockade of binding by 1 to 3 nmol HD-205. Similar blockade of SERT binding (using [3H]-citalopram) was observed in the same area. No blockade of DAT or SERT binding was observed after intrastriatal injections of the reversible analog 2-β-propanoyl-3-β-(2-naphthyl)-8-benzyl nortropane (HD-206), and HD-205 treatment had no effect on D2- and μ-opioid-stimulated guanosine 5′-O-(3-[35S]thio)-triphosphate binding in sections from the same animals. In a time course study, rats administered with 1 nmol HD-205 showed recovery of 50% DAT binding after 3 to 4 days postinjection, and full recovery after 6 weeks. Rats implanted with bilateral cannulae were tested for cocaine-induced locomotor activity. Two days after intrastriatal injection of 1 nmol of HD-205, systemic (20 mg/kg i.p.) cocaine-induced locomotor activity was not affected; however, locomotor activity induced by intrastriatal administration of cocaine (6 nmol) was eliminated. This strategy of site-specific chemical blockade of transporters could serve as a valuable tool to evaluate the neuroanatomical basis of DAT-mediated cocaine effects.
Dynamics of Mobile Service Adoption

This study utilized a newly developed handset-based mobile end-user research platform and obtained data from 548 Finnish smartphone users in 2006. In addition to descriptive adoption statistics, a path analysis model is developed that explains mobile service adoption contingent on a set of explanatory variables. The paper finds that user intentions have a strong impact on consequent adoption of the service. What is more, perceived hedonic benefits from the service are the strongest factor driving user intentions to use the service. The perceived technical capability to use the service and the role of the surrounding social network explain little why early-adopter users intend to use services. Interestingly multimedia services are strongly driven by newer more capable handsets and mobile Internet browsing benefits significantly from block or flat-rate (instead of usage-based) pricing plans for transmitted data. The paper develops several indices that measure time-varying characteristics of mobile services.
Uphill Racewalking at Iso-Efficiency Speed

Abstract Padulo, J, Annino, G, Tihanyi, J, Calcagno, G, Vando, S, Smith, L, Vernillo, G, La Torre, A, and D'Ottavio, S. Uphill racewalking at iso-efficiency speed. J Strength Cond Res 27(7): 1964–1973, 2013—The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gradients (0, 2, and 7%) on biomechanical parameters during racewalking (RW) at iso-efficiency speed (IES). During the experiment, 12 high-level athletes performed at IES on different slopes. The parameters studied were surface muscular activity (EMG) of 5 muscles of the leg using Muscle Lab (Boscosystem); kinematic parameters were collected using a high-speed camera (210 Hz) analyzed with Dartfish 5.5Pro; and heart rate (HR) was monitored with a Cardio Polar. The results showed step length (SL), step frequency (SF), and internal work (WINT) decreased with increased treadmill gradient: SL = ([0–2% = 3.48%, p = 0.158], [0–7% = 12.17%, p < 0.001]); SF = ([0–2% = 2.38%, p = 0.173], [0–7% = 6.07%, p < 0.01]); WINT = ([0–2% = 8.34%, p < 0.001], [0–7% = 22.81%, p < 0.0001]). Conversely, contact time (CT) and HR increased less significantly with the increased gradients: CT = ([0–2% = 2.46%, p = 0.198], [0–7% = 6.56%, p < 0.01]); HR = ([0–2% = 0.62%, p = 0.652], [0–7% = 3.25%, p < 0.05]). The knee angle (KE) increased, whereas ankle angle (AK) and hip angle (HP) decreased with the increased gradients: AK = ([0–2% = 1.69%, p < 0.001], [0–7% = 1.13%, p < 0.01]); HP = ([0–2% = 0.22%, p < 0.03], [0–7% = 0.16%, p = 0.456]); KE = ([0–2% = 1.01%, p < 0.001], [0–7% = 1.60%, p < 0.001]). Electromyography (EMG) significantly decreased with the increased gradients in the: tibialis anterior ([0–2% = 22.49%, p < 0.0001], [0–7% = 41.18%, p < 0.0001]) and rectus femoris ([0–2% = 15.35%, p < 0.0001], [0–7% = 29.13%, p< 0.0001]). In contrast, EMG activity was significantly increased in the vastus lateralis ([0–2% = 22.95%, p < 0.0001], [0–7% = 31.15%, p < 0.0001]), gastrocnemius medialis ([0–2% = 21.40%, p < 0.001], [0–7% = 48.37%, p < 0.0001]), and biceps femoris ([0–2% = 190.78%, p < 0.0001], [0–7% = 201.37%, p < 0.0001]). The results indicate that increasing the gradient to 2% did not elicit an increased HR in racewalkers; however, at a 7% gradient, greater muscle activity was required.
General Cardinality Genetic Algorithms

A complete generalization of the Vose genetic algorithm model from the binary to higher cardinality case is provided. Boolean AND and EXCLUSIVE-OR operators are replaced by multiplication and addition over rings of integers. Walsh matrices are generalized with finite Fourier transforms for higher cardinality usage. Comparison of results to the binary case are provided.
Physical Layer Performance Evaluation of Wireless Infrared-based LiFi Uplink

LiFi (light-fidelity) is recognised as a promising technology for the next generation wireless access network. However, little research effort has been spent on the uplink transmission system in LiFi networks. In this paper, an analytical framework for the performance analysis of an wireless infrared-based LiFi uplink at system level is presented. This work focuses on the performance of a single user who is randomly located in a network. Many important factors in practice are taken into account, such as front-end characteristics, channel path loss, link blockage and user device random orientations. In particular, accurate analytical expressions for the statistics of optical channel path loss has been derived. Based on this path loss statistics, the distribution of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the average achievable data rate are evaluated. A channel factor is defined as a quantity which only depends on the used devices, optical channel and noise power spectral density function (PSD). The result shows that with commercial front-end elements, an average data rate of up to 250 Mbps is achievable.
Effect of foreign not self DNA RNA on the Human Immune System in regard to Genetically Modified Plants

There are two different forms of the immune system in humans. The innate and the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system recognizes universal, evolutionary conserved patterns so called pathogen associated patterns (PAMP) via pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and is the so called “first line of defense”. DNA and RNA sequences are PAMPs which do have immuno-modulatory functions. Many PRR belong to the Toll-like-receptor (TLR) family. Where TLR 3 recognizes double stranded RNA, TLR7 and TLR8 recognize single-stranded RNA and TLR9 is a receptor for CpG DNA. Besides that there are TLR independent receptors which do also recognize DNA and RNA. Genetically modified plants carry man made synthetic genes (DNA sequences) which do not occur in any living species. Scientists do produce genetically modified plants but do not understand old and universal patterns of DNA sequences which are recognized by the immune system. Fragments of food DNA and fragments of synthetic sequences are not fully degraded during digestion but can be detected in the lymph system, the blood, and several organs like liver, spleen muscles. For food DNA from bacteria it was detected that the location of the food DNA coincided with the immunomodulatory activity of this bacterial food DNA. In this light the presence of fragments of synthetic DNA sequences from genetically modified plants in the blood, liver etc. is very likely to coincide with yet unknown immunomodulatory activity. As genetically modified plants contain synthetic DNA sequences which are new to the immune system the type of immunomodulatory activity might be quite different to those evolutionary evolved “natural food DNA sequences”. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was and is still very silent on this issue. So far immunomodulatory activity of synthetic DNA sequences from genetically modified plants have been excluded from the risk assessment. An exploratory focus (or a research program) is urgently needed to analyze the immunomodulatory activity of synthetic DNA sequences from genetically modified plants. The safety of genetically modified plants on human health cannot be determined, unless these urgent questions have been clarified.
Self-regulation therapy increases frontal gray matter in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: evaluation by voxel-based morphometry

Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder show executive function (EF) deficits, particularly in self-regulation skills, and abnormalities in brain regions critical for these skills. None of the validated EF interventions for these children has been evaluated with regards to impacts on brain structure. Twenty-nine children with FASD were assigned to either an immediate-treatment (TX) or delayed-treatment control (DTC) group (DTC). Nineteen typically developing children served as healthy controls (CT). All received a structural MRI scan and baseline neuropsychological testing, following which the TX group underwent 12 weekly 1.5-h sessions of the Alert Program for Self-Regulation(®). After treatment or a period of ~14 weeks, all received a repeat scan and post-intervention testing. Whole-brain and region-of-interest analyses using voxel-based morphometry evaluated group differences and changes over time in gray matter (GM). Exploratory analyses revealed significant group changes: (1) At baseline, combined TX and DTC groups demonstrated global GM reductions compared with the CT group. (2) Region-of-interest analysis using a frontal mask, comparing post-intervention to pre-intervention results, showed significantly increased GM in the left middle frontal gyrus (BA10), right frontal pole (BA11), and right anterior cingulate (BA32) in the TX group. Similar results were not found in the DTC or CT groups. (3) At post-intervention, both TX and CT groups showed larger GM volumes than the DTC group in the left superior frontal gyrus (BA9), which was smaller in the FASD group at baseline. These results suggested that Alert led to improvements in post-intervention testing of self-regulation skills and typical brain development in treated children.
Progesterone as a regulator of phosphorylation in the central nervous system

Abstract Progesterone exerts a variety of actions in the central nervous system under physiological and pathological conditions. As in other tissues, progesterone acts in the brain through classical progesterone receptors and through alternative mechanisms. Here, we review the role of progesterone as a regulator of kinases and phosphatases, such as extracellular-signal regulated kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3, protein phosphatase 2A and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10. In addition, we analyzed the effects of progesterone on the phosphorylation of Tau, a protein that is involved in microtubule stabilization in neurons.
Effects of bilateral subthalamic stimulation on cognitive function in Parkinson disease.

BACKGROUND Chronic bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is known to improve motor function in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). However, the possible effects of STN-DBS on neuropsychological functions have been studied less. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of STN-DBS on neuropsychological functions in PD. DESIGN Before-after trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifteen consecutive patients were assessed before and 3 months after implantation of stimulators for STN-DBS (postsurgical assessment with the stimulators switched on). Both assessments were performed with patients in a drug-free condition. The neuropsychological battery consisted of tests measuring memory and visuospatial and frontal functions. RESULTS The comparison between presurgical and postsurgical performance showed a moderate deterioration in verbal memory and prefrontal and visuospatial functions, and a moderate improvement in a prefrontal task and obsessive-compulsive traits. The motor state improved in all patients. CONCLUSION Therapy with STN-DBS improves motor symptoms in PD without any clinically relevant neuropsychological deterioration.
Pricing and Mispricing in the Cross-Section

This study examines the extent to which parsimonious and general cross-sectional valuation models, restricted to include only publicly-available historical accounting information, explain share pricing in the cross-section and identify mispriced shares. A model that includes historical book value components, earnings components, dividends, and growth explains a fairly large proportion of the cross-sectional variation in share prices, with an average adjusted R-square of 60.0 percent in annual estimations across the 21-year study period, 1988-2008. We find surprising variation in explanatory power across time, with R-squares ranging from roughly 24 percent in ‘bubble’ years like 1999 to roughly 70 percent in 2006. We also find these valuation models explain greater proportions of the variation in share prices among firms with less developed information environments (firms not covered by analysts), but smaller proportions of the variation in share prices among firms with richer information environments (firms with analyst coverage), suggesting these share prices impound additional information beyond these accounting fundamental variables. We also examine whether the residuals from these cross-sectional valuation models indicate model misspecification or mispricing. Portfolios based on the lowest (highest) quintile of value residuals each year generate an average annual size-adjusted return of 12.4 percent (2.4 percent). A hedge-portfolio strategy, controlling for other firm characteristics that explain returns, including size, market-to-book, accruals, and lagged returns generates an average annual abnormal return of 17.8 percent. This study contributes new evidence on the mapping of accounting fundamentals into share prices, as well as a new and straightforward approach to using accounting fundamentals to identify mispriced shares.
Activation of Nuclear Receptor Nur77 by 6-Mercaptopurine Protects Against Neointima Formation

Background— Restenosis is a common complication after percutaneous coronary interventions and is characterized by excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We have shown that the nuclear receptor Nur77 protects against SMC-rich lesion formation, and it has been demonstrated that 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) enhances Nur77 activity. We hypothesized that 6-MP inhibits neointima formation through activation of Nur77. Methods and Results— It is demonstrated that 6-MP increases Nur77 activity in cultured SMCs, which results in reduced [3H]thymidine incorporation, whereas Nur77 small interfering RNA knockdown partially restores DNA synthesis. Furthermore, we studied the effect of 6-MP in a murine model of cuff-induced neointima formation. Nur77 mRNA is upregulated in cuffed arteries, with optimal expression after 6 hours and elevated expression up to 7 days after vascular injury. Local perivascular delivery of 6-MP with a drug-eluting cuff significantly inhibits neointima formation in wild-type mice. Locally applied 6-MP does not affect inflammatory responses or apoptosis but inhibits expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and enhances protein levels of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 in the vessel wall. An even stronger inhibition of neointima formation in response to local 6-MP delivery was observed in transgenic mice that overexpressed Nur77. In contrast, 6-MP does not alter lesion formation in transgenic mice that overexpress a dominant-negative variant of Nur77 in arterial SMCs, which provides evidence for the involvement of Nur77-like factors. Conclusions— Enhancement of the activity of Nur77 by 6-MP protects against excessive SMC proliferation and SMC-rich neointima formation. We propose that activation of the nuclear receptor Nur77 is a rational approach to treating in-stent restenosis.
Decreased locomotor activity in mice expressing tTA under control of the CaMKIIα promoter

Transgenic mice in which the tetracycline transactivator (tTA) is driven by the forebrain‐specific calcium–calmodulin‐dependent kinase IIα promoter (CaMKIIα‐tTA mice) are used to study the molecular genetics of many behaviors. These mice can be crossed with other transgenic mice carrying a transgene of interest coupled to the tetracycline‐responsive promoter element to produce mice with forebrain‐specific expression of the transgene under investigation. The value of using CaMKIIα‐tTA mice to study behavior, however, is dependent on the CaMKIIα‐tTA mice themselves lacking a behavioral phenotype with respect to the behaviors being studied. Here we present data that suggest CaMKIIα‐tTA mice have a behavioral phenotype distinct from that of their wild‐type (WT) littermates. Most strikingly, we find that CaMKIIα‐tTA mice, both those with a C57BL/6NTac genetic background (B6‐tTA) and those with a 129S6B6F1/Tac hybrid genetic background (F1‐tTA), exhibit decreased locomotor activity compared with WT littermates that could be misinterpreted as altered anxiety‐like behavior. Despite this impairment, neither B6‐tTA nor F1‐tTA mice perform differently than their WT littermates in two commonly used learning and memory paradigms – Pavlovian fear conditioning and Morris water maze. Additionally, we find data regarding motor coordination and balance to be mixed: B6‐tTA mice, but not F1‐tTA mice, exhibit impaired performance on the accelerating rotarod and both perform as well as their WT littermates on the balance beam.
A single Vibrionales 16 S rRNA oligotype dominates 1 the intestinal microbiome in two geographically 2 separated Atlantic cod populations 3

separated Atlantic cod populations 3 Even Sannes Riiser, Thomas H.A. Haverkamp, Ørnulf Borgan, Kjetill S. 4 Jakobsen, Sissel Jentoft and Bastiaan Star 5 6 *Corresponding authors: (e.s.riiser@ibv.uio.no, bastiaan.star@ibv.uio.no) 7 8 1 Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, 9 University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. 10 Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1053, Blindern, N-0316 11 Oslo, Norway. 12 13