Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What you see is what you touch: visualizing touch screen interaction in the head-up display

Touch screens are increasingly used for secondary in-vehicle controls. While they are more flexible than traditional knobs and dials, interacting with them requires more visual attention. In this paper, we propose several variations of a concept we call "What You See Is What You Touch" (WYSIWYT), which allows touch screen interaction without removing one's eyes from the road. This becomes possible by showing both, the current content of the touch screen as well as the position of the user's hand in relation to it, within the car's head-up display (HUD). In an initial study we compared six different variations of this concept in a driving simulation mockup. After excluding some concept variations, we conducted a second study comparing the remaining ones with traditional touch interaction. The best performing variation obtains better subjective ratings without any significant disadvantages in driving performance.
Zircon, titanite, and apatite (U‐Th)/He ages and age‐eU correlations from the Fennoscandian Shield, southern Sweden

Craton cores far from plate boundaries have traditionally been viewed as stable features that experience minimal vertical motion over 100–1000 Ma time scales. Here we show that the Fennoscandian Shield in southeastern Sweden experienced several episodes of burial and exhumation from ~1800 Ma to the present. Apatite, titanite, and zircon (U‐Th)/He ages from surface samples and drill cores constrain the long‐term, low‐temperature history of the Laxemar region. Single grain titanite and zircon (U‐Th)/He ages are negatively correlated (104–838 Ma for zircon and 160–945 Ma for titanite) with effective uranium (eU = U + 0.235 × Th), a measurement proportional to radiation damage. Apatite ages are 102–258 Ma and are positively correlated with eU. These correlations are interpreted with damage‐diffusivity models, and the modeled zircon He age‐eU correlations constrain multiple episodes of heating and cooling from 1800 Ma to the present, which we interpret in the context of foreland basin systems related to the Neoproterozoic Sveconorwegian and Paleozoic Caledonian orogens. Inverse time‐temperature models constrain an average burial temperature of ~217°C during the Sveconorwegian, achieved between 944 Ma and 851 Ma, and ~154°C during the Caledonian, achieved between 366 Ma and 224 Ma. Subsequent cooling to near‐surface temperatures in both cases could be related to long‐term exhumation caused by either postorogenic collapse or mantle dynamics related to the final assembly of Rodinia and Pangaea. Our titanite He age‐eU correlations cannot currently be interpreted in the same fashion; however, this study represents one of the first examples of a damage‐diffusivity relationship in this system, which deserves further research attention.
Predicting Adolescent Anxiety Ratings From Infant Behavioral Style in Response to Expectancy Violation

Nearly 15 years after infants participated in an operant conditioning task, contact was once again established with the former participants to determine relations between infant behavior in response to expectancy violation during mobile conjugate reinforcement and reported anxiety ratings during adolescence. Shifting infants from a high-stimulation reinforcement contingency to a low-stimulation contingency violated expectancy during the learning task, which elicited negative reactivity, crying, in a number of infants. Original participants and 1 parent were later asked to complete a behavioral assessment questionnaire. Results were consistent with studies that have established relations between early negative reactivity and later internalizing behavior. Infant negative reactivity and poor environmental regulation together significantly contributed to the prediction of higher ratings on a later anxiety scale. Also, infant fear and crying were related and higher fear predicted higher anxiety. Findings also suggested fear is a distinct negative emotional reaction and even early in development can be differentiated from other negative reactivity styles.
Enhanced Bacterial Wilt Resistance in Potato Through Expression of Arabidopsis EFR and Introgression of Quantitative Resistance from Solanum commersonii

Bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is responsible for substantial losses in cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) crops worldwide. Resistance genes have been identified in wild species; however, introduction of these through classical breeding has achieved only partial resistance, which has been linked to poor agronomic performance. The Arabidopsis thaliana (At) pattern recognition receptor elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu) receptor (EFR) recognizes the bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern EF-Tu (and its derived peptide elf18) to confer anti-bacterial immunity. Previous work has shown that transfer of AtEFR into tomato confers increased resistance to R. solanacearum. Here, we evaluated whether the transgenic expression of AtEFR would similarly increase BW resistance in a commercial potato line (INIA Iporá), as well as in a breeding potato line (09509.6) in which quantitative resistance has been introgressed from the wild potato relative Solanum commersonii. Resistance to R. solanacearum was evaluated by damaged root inoculation under controlled conditions. Both INIA Iporá and 09509.6 potato lines expressing AtEFR showed greater resistance to R. solanacearum, with no detectable bacteria in tubers evaluated by multiplex-PCR and plate counting. Notably, AtEFR expression and the introgression of quantitative resistance from S. commersonii had a significant additive effect in 09509.6-AtEFR lines. These results show that the combination of heterologous expression of AtEFR with quantitative resistance introgressed from wild relatives is a promising strategy to develop BW resistance in potato.
Gynura procumbens Merr. decreases blood pressure in rats by vasodilatation via inhibition of calcium channels

INTRODUCTION: Gynura procumbens has been shown to decrease blood pressure via inhibition of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme. However, other mechanisms that may contribute to the hypotensive effect have not been studied. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the cardiovascular effects of a butanolic fraction of Gynura procumbens in rats. METHODS: Anaesthetized rats were given intravenous bolus injections of butanolic fraction at doses of 2.5–20 mg/kg in vivo. The effect of butanolic fraction on vascular reactivity was recorded in isolated rat aortic rings in vitro. RESULTS: Intravenous administrations of butanolic fraction elicited significant (p<0.001) and dose‐dependent decreases in the mean arterial pressure. However, a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the heart rate was observed only at the higher doses (10 and 20 mg/kg). In isolated preparations of rat aortic rings, phenylephrine (1×10‐6 M)‐ or potassium chloride (8×10‐2 M)‐precontracted endothelium‐intact and ‐denuded tissue; butanolic fraction (1×10‐6–1×10‐1 g/ml) induced similar concentration‐dependent relaxation of the vessels. In the presence of 2.5×10‐3 and 5.0×10‐3 g/ml butanolic fraction, the contractions induced by phenylephrine (1×10‐9–3×10‐5 M) and potassium chloride (1×10‐2–8×10‐2 M) were significantly antagonized. The calcium‐induced vasocontractions (1×10‐4–1×10‐2 M) were antagonized by butanolic fraction concentration‐dependently in calcium‐free and high potassium (6×10‐2 M) medium, as well as in calcium‐ and potassium‐free medium containing 1×10‐6 M phenylephrine. However, the contractions induced by noradrenaline (1×10‐6 M) and caffeine (4.5×10‐2 M) were not affected by butanolic fraction. CONCLUSION: Butanolic fraction contains putative hypotensive compounds that appear to inhibit calcium influx via receptor‐operated and/or voltage‐dependent calcium channels to cause vasodilation and a consequent fall in blood pressure.
The impacts of an outdoor orientation program on participants' self evaluated trait emotional intelligence

The Impacts of an Outdoor Orientation Program on Participants Self Evaluated Trait Emotional Intelligence. Coy James Belknap III In taking the applications of both emotional intelligence and outdoor orientation programs, this present study employed a quasi-experimental approach to study the change associated with first year students transitioning into a collegiate setting. In conveying multiple levels of University 101 curriculum in a dynamic outdoor setting, Adventure West Virginia (AWV) was utilized in order to gauge the elicited impacts associated with outdoor orientation upon students’ emotional intelligence, most specifically trait emotional intelligence (TEI). Four individual programs (Explore, Habitat, Wilderness and Odyssey) were studied, with elements of each trip and student characteristics taken into account during analysis. Overall, this study sought to identify the elements, if any, which helped in the raising of TEI and the factors that consist of this specialized construct. Measurements of differences between pre-test and post-test values of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQ-SF) were made. T-tests along with Chisquare analyses and ANOVA tables helped develop a framework for which significance was sought, as both evidence supporting the development of TEI and a student typology was desired. In all, this sought to gauge the elicited impacts of TEI all while developing a student profile, depicting the type of student participating in AWV. Results show significant increases in all TEI factors including Global TEI. These results were significant and support the notion that TEI can be raised, especially in relation to outdoor based collegiate orientation programs. The student typology assisted in breaking down and stratifying the TEI scores, with low, medium and high scores being accounted for. This diversification of students allowed for motivations to be implied, developing a student typology that incorporates TEI, motivations and student demographic data. Isolated analysis allowed for the elaboration of scores to be further simplified, with the stratified TEI scores paired along specific trip types within AWV. In all, Wilderness was the only program found to have adverse impacts upon TEI for AWV, actually lowering the construct within many of its factors.
Economic self-interest or cultural marginality? Anti-immigration sentiment and nativist political movements in France, Germany and the USA

Many previous studies of mass nativism have used abstract psychological explanations or sociological 'micro-theories' to account for public opposition to immigration or support for nativist political movements. On methodological and policy grounds, however, both of these approaches are unsatisfying. This article instead articulates two theories that usually avoid such pitfalls: first, economic self-interest and second, marginality (especially in its cultural version). The study tests these two explanations using public-opinion surveys on opposition to immigration in France, Germany, and the USA and polls on support for the French Front national , the German Republikaner , and California's Proposition 187. Multivariate analysis weakly supports economic self-interest but generally confirms the cultural if not economic form of marginality. These results may suggest that the current battles over immigration have as much to do with whose cultural values will triumph as with whose economic wellbeing will be protected.
Histopathologic Characteristics of Autoimmune Pancreatitis Based on Comparison With Chronic Pancreatitis

Objectives: To clarify the histopathologic characteristics of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), based on comparison with both chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (CAP) and chronic obstructive pancreatitis (COP). Methods: Three AIP patients, 17 CAP patients, and 19 COP patients were studied histopathologically. Results: There was a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, especially within and around the pancreatic ducts, and fibrosis associated with AIP, while there was fibrosis accompanied by mild inflammatory infiltration in both CAP and COP. Inter- and intralobular fibrosis admixed with acinar atrophy was observed in both AIP and COP, while interlobular fibrosis combined with a “cirrhosis-like” appearance was found in CAP. Obliterative phlebitis was found in AIP, while thrombosis of the splenic vein was exhibited in CAP. Conclusion: Autoimmune pancreatitis was histologically characterized by dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate combined with fibrosis, acinar atrophy, obliterative phlebitis, and ductal involvement.
Adolescent Light Cigarette Smoking Patterns and Adult Cigarette Smoking

Purpose Light cigarette smoking has had limited research. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between light smoking in adolescence with smoking in adulthood. Methods National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data, Waves I and IV, were analyzed. Previous month adolescent smoking of 1–5 cigarettes/day (cpd) (light smoking); 6–16 cpd (average smoking); 17 or more cpd (heavy smoking); and nonsmoking were compared with the outcome of adult smoking. Results At baseline, 15.9% of adolescents were light smokers, 6.8% were average smokers, and 3.6% were heavy smokers. The smoking patterns were significantly related to adult smoking. In logistic regression analyses, adolescent light smokers had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 2.45 (95% CI: 2.00, 3.00) of adult smoking; adolescent average or heavy smokers had AOR of 5.57 (95% CI: 4.17, 7.43) and 5.23 (95% CI: 3.29, 8.31), respectively. Conclusion Individuals who initiate light cigarette smoking during adolescence are more likely to smoke as young adults. Practical Implications When screening for tobacco use by adolescents, there is a need to verify that the adolescents understand that light smoking constitutes smoking. There is a need for healthcare providers to initiate interventions for adolescent light smoking.
Acting Up and Acting Out: Conduct Disorder and Competing Media Frames

This article compares diverse symbolic frames for the childhood psychiatric diagnosis “Conduct Disorder” (CD) found in the popular media with the dominant medicalized frame in the professional literature. Although vestiges of earlier frameworks remain, almost all professional accounts frame the disorder as a way of “acting out” the sick role. In contrast, the popular media use various culturally consistent frames, including delinquently “acting up. ” However, unlike other instances in which the public and professionals lack a common understanding about a health condition, there has been no overt contestation about the definition of CD. Social, policy, and theoretical implications are explored.
Access to semantic and episodic information from faces and voices: Does distinctiveness matter?

This study was aimed at investigating the role of stimulus distinctiveness on the retrieval of semantic and episodic information from familiar faces and voices. Distinctiveness of famous faces and voices was manipulated in order to assess its role as a potential underlying factor of face superiority. In line with previous findings, more semantic and episodic information was retrieved from faces than from voices. Semantic information was better retrieved from distinctive than from typical stimuli. Nevertheless, distinctiveness seemed to impact less than stimulus domain on the recall of semantic details. Indeed, more semantic information was retrieved from typical faces than from distinctive voices. The consistency of these results with current models of person recognition is discussed.
Cohort profile: maternal lifestyle and diet in relation to pregnancy, postpartum and infant health outcomes in Vietnam: A multicentre prospective cohort study

Purpose To determine modifiable maternal risk factors for adverse pregnancy, postpartum maternal and child health outcomes in Vietnam. Participants This prospective cohort study included pregnant women seeking prenatal care at six hospitals in three large cities in Vietnam. After enrolment, eligible participants who gave their consent to participate in the study were interviewed at 24–28 weeks' gestation. Glucose testing was conducted and blood pressure was measured during this period. Each participant will be assessed prospectively during their postnatal visits at delivery, 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, and will be followed up for 5 years. Findings to date Of 2248 eligible pregnant women, 2030 were recruited (participation rate 90.3%) between August 2015 and July 2016. All participants completed the baseline assessment. Their mean (SD) age was 27.6 (5.3) years. The mean pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was 20.2 (SD 2.6) kg/m2, with nearly two-thirds of participants having a normal pre-pregnancy BMI (18.5 to <23.0 kg/m2) and one-quarter being underweight (pre-pregnancy BMI <18.5 kg/m2). Overweight or obese mothers (pre-pregnancy BMI ≥23.0 kg/m2) accounted for 12.8%. No pregnant women reported smoking during their pregnancy while 13.4% of them had continued drinking. 22.8% of participants had hyperglycaemia. Their mean systolic blood pressure was 105.6 (SD 8.2) mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure was 67.4 (SD 7.5) mm Hg. Future plans The relationships of maternal lifestyle and nutritional status with the health outcomes of pregnancy, postpartum maternity and infants will be analysed. Meanwhile, participants will be closely tracked to minimise loss to follow-up.
The utility of a nebulised intra‐tracheal rat model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is of particular concern to immunodeficient patients, whose mortality rates may exceed 80%. The development of an animal model that faithfully reproduces the pathophysiology of IPA would improve the studies on diagnostic and therapeutic modes, and the use of rats as a possible model for IPA seems to have been largely overlooked. Such a model could be established with the MicroSprayer IA‐1B®. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (6–8 weeks old) were rendered immunodeficient by cyclophosphamide injections and a protein‐deficient diet. On day D0, they were anaesthetised by inhalation of 5% isoflurane and infected by the intra‐tracheal aerosolisation of 100 μl of an Aspergillus fumigatus spore suspension through a MicroSprayer IA‐1B®. This inoculation process was simple and rapid, with no deaths observed during or immediately after the procedure. The rats regained consciousness within 1 min. Follow‐up data including those for clinical factors (weight changes, mortality rate), biological factors (Aspergillus antigens) and histological factors were consistent with previous studies. The advantages of this model include the ease of animal manipulation, the reproducibility of infection and the potential for repeated blood sampling.
Formal analysis of departure procedure of air traffic control system

In recent years, the volume of air traffic has increased dramatically which caused for unwanted delay in flights at the airports during the departure and arrival process of aircrafts. In this paper we have proposed step by step modeling process for the departure of the aircraft with the coordination of the air traffic controllers. These controllers are responsible for safe and secure movement of the aircrafts. In this procedure initially the control of the aircraft is to the gate controller. Further after the operations of the gate controller the control is transfer to the ramp controller and the aircraft proceed for the departure in a series of the steps. The methodology used for this modeling process is VDM++ which is an object oriented model based formal approach. This method ensures the safety and correctness by identifying errors at early stages of systems designing. It also provides extremely valuable solution of problem and also improves the confidence of the quality of the software.
Ethnic Differences in Colorectal Cancer Screening

Abstract The present study was designed to assess ethnic disparities in CRC screening rates in a low-income population and to examine factors that could account for those differences. Participants were randomly selected and asked to complete a questionnaire about CRC screening. After controlling for gender, age, education, income, health insurance, and family history of CRC, differences in screening rates as a function of ethnicity remained. Physicians' recommendations and perceived efficacy of screening were also strong predictors of CRC screening. Psychological factors accounted in part for differences in screening rates between European Americans and Mexican Americans.
Goals, Expectations, and Satisfaction of Criminal Justice Majors: Implications for Faculty, Students, and Programs

Students majoring in criminal justice present an “embarrassment of riches” for academic programs, so little attention has been given to these students and their perspectives on criminal justice programs. However, the assessment movement in higher education and the ACJS encourage self‐examination and program improvement. Further, student satisfaction has been recognized as an important element in the discussion of school and program quality and effectiveness. The present paper presents data from an outcome survey of graduating seniors from a Midwestern public university, with a focus on the reasons why students chose the major, career plans upon graduation, and program satisfaction. The paper explores possible predictors of these variables and discusses the implications of these results for criminal justice faculty, students, and programs. *This paper is a revision of one presented at the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences annual meeting, March 9–13, 2004, Las Vegas, Nevada. The author wishes to thank the reviewers for their helpful comments.
Emotional Intelligence: Science and Myth

Emotional intelligence (EI) is one of the most widely discussed topics in current psychology. Although first mentioned in the professional literature nearly two decades ago, in the past five years it has received extensive media attention. The term "emotional intelligence" refers to the ability to identify, express and understand emotions; to assimilate emotions into thought; and to regulate both positive and negative emotions in oneself and others. Yet despite the flourishing research programs and broad popular interest, scientific evidence for a clearly identified construct of EI is sparse. It remains to be seen whether there is anything to EI that researchers in the fields of personality, intelligence, and applied psychology do not already know. This book offers a comprehensive critical review of EI. It examines current thinking on the nature, components, determinants and consequences of EI, and it evaluates the state of the art in EI theory, research, assessment and applications. The book highlights the extent to which empirical evidence supports EI as a valid construct and debunks some of the more extravagant claims that appear in the popular media. Finally, the book examines the potential use of EI to guide practical interventions in various clinical, occupational, and educational settings.