Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Passive Remote Triggering the Activity Cycle of a Wireless Sensor Node: A Method to Adapt the Use of Energy of the Node to the Application

A passive short-range remote triggered mode of operation for ultra-low power wireless sensor devices is proposed. When a triggering signal or coded sequence is detected, the node is enabled from sleep mode, which it is kept on standby in order to save energy. After a trigger command is received, the node turns on its power-consuming elements. The triggering schemes studied are based on passive circuits that allow ultra-low power operation in standby mode. The trigger detector is made up of two basic elements: a passive tuned filter and an active detector that converts the trigger signal to baseband. The active part of the circuit is a low power comparator that awakens the microcontroller unit of the node when it toggles its output. Two trigger schemes are presented: (a) a low frequency (LF-125 kHz) near field communications (NFC) link and (b) a RF frequency (868 MHz ISM band) link.
The space density of moderate-luminosity active galaxies at z= 3

We present an estimate of the space density of active galactic nuclei (AGN) at z = 3. Combining deep X-ray data with Lyman break galaxy (LBG) colour selection in the rest-frame ultraviolet makes for highly efficient identification of AGN in a narrow redshift range (z ∼ 2.5‐3.5). Using Chandra data from the Groth‐Westphal Strip (GWS) and the Hubble Deep Field North (HDF-N), we find a total of 15 X-ray-detected LBGs at z ∼ 3, the majority of which are unlikely to have been identified in blanket follow-up surveys of X-ray-detected objects. We find the comoving space density of moderate-luminosity AGN (MLAGN; L X = 10 43‐44.5 erg s −1 ) at z = 3t ob eaf actor of ∼10 higher than that of the most powerful objects. The available data are consistent with a roughly constant space density of MLAGN from z = 0.5 to 3, and they are also consistent with a mild decline in the space density above z = 1a spredicted by the luminosity-dependent density evolution models of Ueda et al. This strong AGN activity at z = 3a rgues against previous suggestions that the majority of black hole accretion occurs at low redshift. A further implication of our investigation is that, as far as can be determined from current data, the majority of the AGN population at z ∼ 3i sselected by the LBG dropout technique. Although this is sensitive to AGN with an ultraviolet excess arising from an accretion disc, it predominantly identifies star-forming galaxies. A significant fraction of X-ray sources seem likely to be hosted by these more typical LBGs, further strengthening the starburst‐AGN connection at high redshift. Ke yw ords: surveys ‐ galaxies: active ‐ cosmology: observations ‐ X-rays: diffuse background ‐ X-rays: galaxies.
Segmented nestedness in binary data

A binary matrix is fully nested if its columns form a chain of subsets; that is, any two columns are ordered by the subset relation, where we view each column as a subset of the rows indicated by the 1-entries. A binary matrix is k-nested if its columns can be partitioned into k pairwise disjoint blocks, each of which is fully nested. Such nested patterns are encountered, for example, in presence/absence patterns of species in ecological data. We study the automated discovery of k-nestedness on synthetic data and real ecological data. First, we show that k-nestedness can be efficiently discovered in a noisefree setting using a polynomial-time algorithm. Second, we show that it is NP-hard to find a k-nested matrix that minimizes the Hamming distance to a given dataset. Thus, it is likely that in the presence of noise no efficient algorithm exists for discovering k-nestedness in the general case. Third, we develop and evaluate multiple heuristic algorithms for discovering k-nestedness on noisy synthetic data. The methods based on a combination of singular value decomposition and k-means++ give the best performance in terms of structure discovery and noise tolerance. Fourth, we develop an MDL-based model selection technique for assessing nestedness, and discover k-nested structure in (a) paleontological data, and (b) geographical occurrence data for mammal species in Europe.
An Asymptotically Uniformly Most Powerful Test for LSB Matching Detection

This paper investigates the detection of information hidden in digital media by the least significant bit (LSB) matching scheme. In a theoretical context of known medium parameters, two important results are presented. First, based on the likelihood ratio test, we present a test that asymptotically maximizes the detection power whatever the embedding rate might be. Second, the statistical properties of this test are analytically calculated; it is particularly shown that the decision threshold which warrants a given probability of false-alarm is independent of inspected medium parameters. This provides an asymptotic upper-bound for the detection power of any test that aims at detecting data hidden with the LSB matching method. In practice, when detecting LSB matching, the unknown medium parameters have to be estimated. Based on a local model of digital media, a generalized likelihood ratio test is presented by replacing the unknown parameters by their estimation. Numerical results on large databases highlight the relevance of the proposed methodology and comparison with state-of-the-art detectors shows that the proposed tests perform well.
An indexing scheme for efficient camera angle invariant image retrieval

In specialized applications such as security, monitoring and surveillance, camera angle invariant image retrieval might be very useful. Typically, for shape-based angle invariant image retrieval, we need an object image at every angle where the shape of the image changes. This will generate a huge size of image database. Even worse, if we simply apply existing indexing schemes to this database, we will face serious performance problems due to the data size and data redundancy. In this paper, we propose a new indexing and matching scheme for shape-based angle invariant image retrieval, focusing on two types of camera movements: horizontal rotation and fixed rotation. To reduce the space requirement for indexing the huge database, we use two levels of indexing structures: (i) static indexing for horizontally rotated images for horizontal angle invariance, and (ii) dynamic indexing for fixedly rotated images for rotation invariance. Through the experiment, we show that our proposed scheme can achieve much better performance than other competing methods.
Monitoring Therapeutic Treatments against Burkholderia Infections Using Imaging Techniques

Burkholderia mallei, the etiologic agent of glanders, are Category B select agents with biothreat potential, and yet effective therapeutic treatments are lacking. In this study, we showed that CpG administration increased survival, demonstrating protection in the murine glanders model. Bacterial recovery from infected lungs, liver and spleen was significantly reduced in CpG-treated animals as compared with non-treated mice. Reciprocally, lungs of CpG-treated infected animals were infiltrated with higher levels of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes, as compared to control animals. Employing the B. mallei bioluminescent strain CSM001 and the Neutrophil-Specific Fluorescent Imaging Agent, bacterial dissemination and neutrophil trafficking were monitored in real-time using multimodal in vivo whole body imaging techniques. CpG-treatment increased recruitment of neutrophils to the lungs and reduced bioluminescent bacteria, correlating with decreased bacterial burden and increased protection against acute murine glanders. Our results indicate that protection of CpG-treated animals was associated with recruitment of neutrophils prior to infection and demonstrated, for the first time, simultaneous real time in vivo imaging of neutrophils and bacteria. This study provides experimental evidence supporting the importance of incorporating optimized in vivo imaging methods to monitor disease progression and to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic treatment during bacterial infections.
Assessing the Integration of Electricity Markets Using Principal Component Analysis: Network and Market Structure Effects

The major difficulties in assessing market power in electricity wholesale spot markets mean that great weight should be placed upon assessing market outcomes against the fundamental determinants of supply demand and competition. In this spirit we study whether the New Zealand market has been a national market or a set of local markets since its inception in 1996. Electricity markets generally have loop flows that require simultaneous assessment of prices at all nodes thereby limiting the informativeness of pair-wise nodal comparisons. We introduce principal component analysis to this application and show that it is a natural tool for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the presence of local markets. We find that increased competition induced some separation into local markets that was eliminated by transmission enhancement and the introduction of generation downstream from the constrained circuits. For most of the period New Zealand has had one national market.
Improving Channel Utilization by Exploiting Partially Overlapping Channels in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract-In IEEE 802.11 standard, the use of multi-channel is one of the most important characteristic features contributing to the improvement of the overall network throughput. However, the channel utilization based on the use of multi-channel is relatively low because most medium access control (MAC) protocols were designed based primarily on the application of non-overlapping channels. This paper analyzes the channel utilization for the schemes using both non-overlapping and overlapping channels. Based on the analysis, we propose a scheme to exploit overlapping channels with collision avoidance mechanism. The proposed scheme makes use of the non-overlapping channels to increase the network throughput and it also takes into account the transmissions on different channels in order to maximize the throughput. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Usage and Distribution for Commercial Purposes Requires Written Permission. Intestinal Anisakiasis Treated Successfully with Prednisolone and Olopatadine Hydrochloride

The clinical characteristic of gastrointestinal anisakiasis is severe abdominal pain after eating raw fish. Intestinal anisakiasis is more uncommon than gastric anisakiasis. Most patients with intestinal anisakiasis need hospitalization because anisakiasis can cause intestinal obstruction , ileus, peritonitis or intestinal perforation. We report a case of intestinal anisakiasis. A 43-year-old woman presented with symptoms of intermittent abdominal pain 2 days after eating raw fish. Her brother had eaten the same food and had been suffering from gastric ani-sakiasis. Abdominal ultrasonography in this patient showed localized jejunal wall thickening with dilated lumen of proximal jejunum and ascites. According to the clinical course and examinations, she was diagnosed with intestinal anisakiasis. Administration of prednisolone 5 mg/day and olopatadine hydrochloride 10 mg/day improved her symptoms quickly without hospitalization. Prednisolone was administered for 10 days, and olopatadine hydrochloride was administered for a total of 6 weeks according to ultrasonographic findings. Six months after the treatment, the abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated normal findings. This case demonstrates that ultrasonography was quite useful for the diagnosis and surveillance of intestinal anisakiasis. Furthermore, treatment with corticosteroid and an antiallergic agent could be an option for patients with intestinal anisakiasis.
Preserved Implicit Memory in Dementia: A Potential Model for Care

A growing body of evidence supports the presence of a preserved implicit memory (PIM) system for persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This article describes a new approach to dementia care, the PIM model, which translates evidence from implicit memory research into a practice model of dementia care. The PIM model predicts that function can be sustained longer for persons with AD through interventions and environments that activate an individual's PIM. Activation of PIM can occur with perceptual priming of familiar objects and reinforcement of learned motor skill memories within tasks. This practice model provides a new framework for planning and implementing dementia care that may preserve function for persons with Alzheimer's dementia.
Novel approach for anterior chamber angle analysis: anterior chamber angle detection with edge measurement and identification algorithm (ACADEMIA).

OBJECTIVE To describe a novel approach to measuring anterior chamber angle dimensions and configurations. METHODS Sixty-nine images were selected randomly from the ultrasound biomicroscopic image database to develop the algorithm. Thirty images were selected for further analyses. The value of each pixel of the 8-bit grayscale ultrasound biomicroscopic images was quantized into 0 (black) or 1 (white), and the edge points outlining the angle were detected and fitted with straight lines. The dimensions and profiles of anterior chamber angles were then measured. RESULTS The algorithm failed to identify the edge points correctly in 8 (11.6%) of 69 images because of strong background noise. Three basic types of angle configuration were identified based on the derived angle profiles: constant, increasing, and decreasing, which corresponded to flat, bowed forward, and bowed backward iris contours, respectively. The angle measurements demonstrated high correlation with trabecular-iris angle and angle opening distance 500 (calculated as the distance from the corneal endothelium to the anterior iris surface perpendicular to a line drawn at 500 mum from the scleral spur). The strongest association was found between the averaged angle derived from the angle profile and the angle opening distance 500 (r = 0.91). CONCLUSION The proposed algorithm has high correlations with angle opening distance and trabecular-iris angle with the added advantages of being fully automated, reproducible, and able to capture the characteristic angle configurations. However, good-quality ultrasound biomicroscopic images with high signal-to-noise ratio are required to identify the edge points correctly.
Total dose effects on CMOS active pixel sensors

Co60 irradiations have been carried out on test structures for the development of CMOS Active Pixel Sensors that can be used in a radiation environment. The basic mechanisms that may cause failure are presented. Ionization induced damage effects such as field leakage currents and dark current increase are discussed in detail. Two different approaches to overcome these problems are considered and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. Total dose results are presented on a pixel that can tolerate more than 200 kGy(Si) (20 Mrad(Si)) from a Co60 source.
Quantum magnetic algebra and magnetic curvature

The symplectic geometry of the phase space associated with a charged particle is determined by the addition of the Faraday 2-form to the standard dp ∧ dq structure on . In this paper, we describe the corresponding algebra of Weyl-symmetrized functions in operators satisfying nonlinear commutation relations. The multiplication in this algebra generates an associative product of functions on the phase space. This product is given by an integral kernel whose phase is the symplectic area of a groupoid-consistent membrane. A symplectic phase space connection with non-trivial curvature is extracted from the magnetic reflections associated with the Stratonovich quantizer. Zero and constant curvature cases are considered as examples. The quantization with both static and time-dependent electromagnetic fields is obtained. The expansion of the product by the deformation parameter , written in the covariant form, is compared with the known deformation quantization formulae.
Transcriptional slippage occurs during elongation at runs of adenine or thymine in Escherichia coli.

A run of 11 adenine or thymine residues at the 5' end of an out-of-frame lacZ gene causes a high level of beta-galactosidase expression in E. coli. This effect was not observed for a run of guanine residues. Reverse transcription of mRNA isolated from E. coli containing the run of 11 A's reveals heterogeneity of transcript length while reverse transcription of mRNA isolated from S. cerevisiae containing the same gene shows no heterogeneity. Protein sequencing of the beta-galactosidase molecules derived from the out-of-frame construct containing a run of adenines reveals the addition of a lysine at the run. A new method was developed where messages small enough to allow resolution of single nucleotide differences on an acrylamide gel are electrophoresed, electroblotted onto nylon and probed. This confirmed the reverse transcription results and showed that additional residues can be added to transcripts derived from DNA containing 10 or 11 thymine residues. A mechanism for slippage is discussed where the A-U rich RNA-DNA hybrid can denature during elongation and rehybridize in an offset position, causing the addition of extra residues to the transcript. Images
MORPHODYNAMIC VARIABILITY OF SURF ZONES AND BEACHES:

Wright, L.D. and Short, A.D., 1984. Morphodynamic variability of surf zones and beaches: A synthesis. Mar. Geol. , 56: 93--118. A synthesis of some results obtained over the period 1979---1982 from a study of beach and surf zone dynamics is presented. The paper deals with the different natural beach states, the process signatures associated with these states, environmental controls on modal beach state, and the temporal variability of beach state and beach profiles. Hydrodynamic processes and the relative contributions of different mechanisms to sediment transport and morphologic change differ dramatically as functions of beach state, that is depending on whether the surf zone and beach are reflective, dissipative or in one of several intermediate states. Depending on beach state, near bottom currents show variations in the relative dominance of motions due to: incident waves, subharmonic oscillations, infragravity oscillations, and mean longshore and rip currents. On reflective beaches, incident waves and subharmonic edge waves are dominant. In highly dissipative surf zones, shoreward decay of incident waves is accompanied by shoreward growth of infragravity energy; in the inner surf zone, currents associated with infragravity standing waves dominate. On intermediate states with pronounced bar-trough (straight or crescentic) topographies, incident wave orbital velocities are generally dominant but significant roles are also played by subharmonic and infragravity standing waves, longshore currents, and rips. The strongest rips and associated feeder currents occur in association with intermediate transverse bar and rip topographies. Long-term consecutive surveys of different beaches with contrasting local environmental conditions provide the data sets for empirical--statistical assessment of beach mobility, direction of change and response to environmental conditions. Conditions of persistently high wave energy combined with abundant and/or fine grained sediment results in maintaining highly dissipative states which exhibit very low mobility. Relatively low mobili ty is also associated with persistently low-steepness waves acting on coarsegrained beach sediments. In such cases, the modal beach state is reflective. The greatest degree of mobility is associated with intermediate but highly changeable wave conditions, medium grained sediment and a modest or meager sediment supply. Under such conditions, the beach and surf zone tend to alternate among the intermediate states and to exhibit well-developed bar trough and rhythmic topographies. A good association is *Contribution No. 1135 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. 0025-3227/84/$03.00 © 1984 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
Power of person-job fit: emotional labour for salespeople and its relation to job satisfaction

This study focused on the effect of person-job fit on the relationship between emotional labour and job satisfaction among salespeople in Turkey. Using survey data obtained from 204 salespeople working in different sectors, we analysed job satisfaction, person-job fit and three components of emotional labour, which are deep acting, surface acting and naturally felt emotions. We found that job satisfaction has a significant relationship positively with naturally felt emotions and negatively with surface acting. Although no significant moderation effect has been found for person-job fit, we found that person-job fit significantly mediates the relationship between job satisfaction and naturally felt emotions as well as the one between job satisfaction and surface acting.
The Maternal Dominance Hypothesis: Questioning Trivers and Willard

Thirty years ago, Trivers and Willard (1973) hypothesized that parental “condition” could be central in influencing the sex ratio of offspring, “good condition” being associated with the conception of males. However, I argue that “condition” is a distraction in this otherwise useful hypothesis, because it is merely a frequent indicator of dominance (a characteristic which often leads to priority access to resources); and that it is dominance, a biologically-based characteristic underpinned by testosterone, which is of interest. Shifting the focus from good condition to the dominance-testosterone link could help explain otherwise anomalous findings in the literature on the sex ratio. In addition, in female mammals, testosterone is hypothesized to have a role in reproductive processes such that the mother could influence or even control the sex of her offspring, conceiving whichever sex she is, at that time, and in that place, best suited to raise. Such a mechanism would confer an evolutionary advantage on those females able to make use of it.
The Self-Liking Brain: A VBM Study on the Structural Substrate of Self-Esteem

Abundant evidence suggests that self-esteem is an important personality resource for emotion regulation in response to stressful experiences. It was thus hypothesized that the relative grey matter volume of brain regions involved in responding to and coping with stress is related to individual differences in trait self-esteem. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging of 48 healthy adults in conjunction with voxel-based morphometry and diffeomorphic anatomical registration using exponentiated lie algebra (VBM-DARTEL), positive associations between self-esteem and regional grey matter volume were indeed found in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), right hippocampus, and left hypothalamus. In addition, self-esteem positively covaried with grey matter volume in the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), which has been implicated in pride and theory of mind. The results suggest that persons with low self-esteem have reduced grey matter volume in brain regions that contribute to emotion/stress regulation, pride, and theory of mind. The findings provide novel neuroanatomical evidence for the view that self-esteem constitutes a vital coping resource.
Form and Function: How Website Characteristics Impact User Behavior

This research aims to investigate the effects of website elements, visual appeal and ease of use, as central factors in website trust formation and subsequent behaviors. Drawing on existing theories and empirical findings in psychology, information systems, and human-computer interaction literature, a research model is developed and proposed to explain the relationships among website visual appeal and its ease of use with trust, perceived usefulness, and intention to purchase. To gather data, an online experiment was conducted to test the proposed model and hypotheses. The findings of the study reveal that even though both website visual appeal and ease of use are significant determinants for website trust, visual appeal produces a much stronger impact.