Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Negotiating Masculinity in a Women’s Space: Findings from a Qualitative Study of Male Partners Accompanying Women at the Time of Abortion

Although women are the focal point of abortion care, a woman’s male partner may accompany her to the abortion appointment. Using Connell’s “hierarchy of masculinities” framework, this study examines how male partners negotiate their identity and role in an unfamiliar setting while their female partners undergo an abortion. Twenty-seven in-depth interviews with male partners of women obtaining abortions at a community-based and a university-based abortion clinic were conducted. The interviews reflected the tension male partners felt while attempting to maintain characteristics of hegemonic masculinity (e.g., dominance, stoicism, ambition, and fatherhood) in an environment where their female partner’s needs were prioritized. Some male partners expressed distress about their inexperience with the process and procedure as well as their inability to participate or better care for their partners. Others negotiated alternative definitions of masculinity, emphasizing a duty and/or desire to provide support during his female partner’s pregnancy decision-making and abortion experience.
Cell size versus taxonomic composition as determinants of UV‐sensitivity in natural phytoplankton communities

Independent evidence from cultures, field studies, an: modeling suggests that cell size is a key factor determining the extent of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) damage of phytoplankton, with the greatest effects on small cells. We investigated this hypothesis in subarctic lake communities by measuring size‐dependent photosynthesis under different UVR treatments. Lakewater was exposed to near‐surface solar radiation in the presence or absence of UVA and UVB, and the phytoplankton was then fractionated into taxonomically distinct pico‐, nano‐, and microplankton size classes. The first part of the study was conducted in a large oligotrophic lake where UVA lowered photosynthesis on average by 32%, while UVB caused an additional 20% decrease. For the pooled data set, mean UVR inhibition of photosynthesis was lowest for the picoplankton and highest for microplankton, but the differences between size fractions were not significant. This photosynthetic assay was repeated in a shallow, mesotrophic coastal lake. This community was less inhibited by UVR (on average 10% inhibition); there was no difference in response between the pica‐ and nanoplankton fractions, whereas photosynthesis of the microplankton fraction was significantly enhanced under UVR. These results show that cell size is not a good index of UV sensitivity and that cyanobacteria‐dominated picophytoplankton are less sensitive to the impacts of rising UVB in the polar and subpolar regions than would be predicted from relationships based only on cell size.
Suicidality and Nonsuicidal High-Risk Behavior in Military Veterans: How Does PTSD Symptom Presentation Relate to Behavioral Risk?

Considerable attention has been devoted to investigating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicidality in military veterans, but nonsuicidal high-risk behaviors (HRBs), like reckless driving, are underexplored and contribute to elevated rates of premature death in this population. This study is the 1st to employ a structural equation modeling approach to investigate relationships between PTSD symptoms, suicidality, and HRBs in veterans. Data for this study were drawn from a sample of veterans living in Southern California. A multipronged sampling strategy was used to recruit 2,422 veterans, who completed an online battery. A structural equation model examining direct and indirect effects between 4 PTSD symptom factors, a suicidality factor, and an HRB factor was fitted to the data. We found positive direct effects for reexperiencing and negative cognitive–mood symptoms on suicidality and for hyperarousal symptoms on HRBs. We found a negative direct effect for avoidance on suicidality. Suicidality demonstrated a positive direct effect on HRBs. We detected positive indirect effects for reexperiencing and negative cognitive–mood symptoms on HRBs and a negative indirect effect for avoidance on HRBs through the suicidality pathway. Results show that distinct PTSD symptom clusters are associated with different risk profiles in military veterans. High rates of HRBs with the potential for lethal outcomes evident in our sample demonstrate the need for nuanced screening procedures. Veterans who do not meet full clinical criteria for PTSD may be at risk for premature mortality from suicide and HRBs in the context of reexperiencing, negative cognitive–mood, and hyperarousal symptoms.
Lyman Break Galaxies at z ∼ 5: Luminosity Function

We present the results of a search for Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at z » 5 in a 618 square-arcmin field including the Hubble Deep Field-North (HDF-N) taken by the Subaru Prime Focus Camera. Utilizing the published redshift data of the HDF-N and its flanking fields, the color selection criteria were chosen so that LBGs could be picked out most eciently and least contaminated by foreground objects. The numbers of detected LBG candidates were 96 in 23.0 • Ic (mag) • 24.5 and 310 in 23:0 • Ic • 25:5. There is a hint of a deficiency of bright blue galaxies, although it is not as clear as has been suggested for LBGs at z » 3 to 4. With 305 LBG candidates in a 575 square-arcmin field, the rest-frame UV luminosity function of LBGs at 4:4 < z < 5:3 was derived statistically by considering both the contamination by objects at the intermediate redshift and the incompleteness of the survey. The fraction of the contamination was estimated to be » 50% in the faintest magnitude range. The completeness of the survey was »80% at the bright part of the sample, and »20% in the faintest magnitude range (25:0<Ic•25:5). The luminosity function of LBG candidates at z » 5 did not show a significant dierence from those of LBGs at z » 3 and 4, though there might be a slight decrease in the fainter part. The UV luminosity density within the observational limit was 0.56—0.69 times smaller than that obtained for LBGs at z » 3, depending on the adopted cosmology and the integration range of the luminosity function. This decrease in the UV luminosity at z »5 compared to that at z »3 is due to the smaller number density of faint galaxies at z » 5. The similarity of the luminosity functions at redshifts 5 to 3 implies that
Signatures of Galaxy-Cluster Interactions: Spiral Galaxy Rotation Curve Asymmetry, Shape, and Extent

The environmental dependencies of the characteristics of spiral galaxy rotation curves are studied in this work. We use our large, homogeneously collected sample of 510 cluster spiral galaxy rotation curves to test the claim that the shape of a galaxy's rotation curve strongly depends on its location within the cluster, and thus presumably on the strength of the local intracluster medium and on the frequency and strength of tidal interactions with the cluster and cluster galaxies. Our data do not corroborate such a scenario, consistent with the fact that Tully-Fisher residuals are independent of galaxy location within the cluster; while the average late-type spiral galaxy shows more rise in the outer parts of its rotation curve than does the typical early-type spiral galaxy, there is no apparent trend for either subset with cluster environment. We also investigate as a function of cluster environment rotation curve asymmetry and the radial distribution of H II region tracers within galactic disks. Mild trends with projected cluster-centric distance are observed: (i) the (normalized) radial extent of optical line emission averaged over all spiral galaxy types shows a 4 ± 2% increase per Mpc of galaxy-cluster core separation, and (ii) rotation curve asymmetry falls by a factor of 2 between the inner and outer cluster for early-type spirals (a negligible decrease is found for late-type spirals). Such trends are consistent with spiral disk perturbations or even the stripping of the diffuse, outermost gaseous regions within the disks as galaxies pass through the dense cluster cores.
The Metadata Triumvirate: Social Annotations, Anchor Texts and Search Queries

In this paper, we study and compare three different but related types of metadata about Web documents: social annotations provided by readers of Web documents, hyperlink anchor text provided by authors of Web documents, and search queries of users trying to find Web documents. We introduce a large research data set called CABS120k, which we have created for this study from a variety of information sources such as AOL500k, the Open Directory Project, del.icio. us/Yahoo! , Google and the WWW in general. We use this data set to investigate several characteristics of said metadata including length, novelty, diversity, and similarity and discuss theoretical and practical implications.
The perceptual reality of synesthetic colors

Synesthesia is a remarkable, rare condition where an individual has multimodal perceptual experiences from a unimodal sensory event. We have studied such an individual, an adult male for whom achromatic words and alphanumeric characters are seen in vivid, reliable colors. We used a variety of perceptual tasks to document the perceptual reality of synesthetic colors and to begin to localize the stage of visual processing where this anomalous binding of externally specified form and internally generated color may take place. Synesthetic colors were elicited by forms defined solely by binocular cues or solely by motion cues, which implies a central locus of visual processing for synesthetic binding of form and color. Also included among our measurements was a difficult visual search task on which non-synesthetic subjects required an effortful search through the visual display. Our subject, in contrast to non-synesthetic subjects, accomplished the task with relative ease because the target of the search had a different synesthetic color from the distractors. Thus, synesthetic experiences appear to originate from a binding of color and form that takes place within central stages of visual processing.
Entrepreneurship, Wealth, Liquidity Constraints and Start-Up Costs

We study the effects of liquidity constraints and start-up costs on the relationship between wealth and the fraction of entrepreneurs in an economy. We develop a dynamic occupational choice model with endogenous wealth and entry into entrepreneurship. The model predicts that, with liquidity constraints, the probability of entering entrepreneurship is an increasing function of individual wealth while the introduction of start-up costs tends to flatten this relationship. The theoretical predictions can be tested on cross-sectional data with exogenous variation in liquidity constraints (e.g. access to credit) and business start-up costs. We use three highly comparable micro datasets (SHARE, ELSA and HRS) providing harmonized data on wealth and work status in 9 countries that characterized by very different levels of start-up costs and liquidity constraints. Our results support our theoretical predictions. While higher liquidity constraints yield a positive relationship with wealth profile for the fraction of workers in entrepreneurship, start-up costs weaken this relationship by depressing the marginal value of being an entrepreneur as a function of wealth. Countries with high start-up costs such as Italy, Spain and France have flatter wealth gradients.
Impact of home warfarin use on treatment patterns and bleeding complications for patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: observations from the CRUSADE quality improvement initiative.

AIMS To examine treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS) receiving long-term warfarin anticoagulation. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined acute medication and invasive cardiac procedure use and in-hospital outcomes among 101,078 patients with NSTE ACS included in the CRUSADE registry. On admission, 7201 patients (7%) were on home warfarin therapy. Compared with non-anticoagulated patients, these patients were older and had more comorbidities, but were less likely to receive acute antiplatelet and antithrombin medications. Patients on warfarin were also less likely to undergo coronary angiography (adjusted OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70-0.86) and percutaneous coronary intervention (adjusted OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.75-0.86), and had longer waiting times for these procedures when performed. Although patients on warfarin had higher rates of death and major bleeding compared with non-anticoagulated patients, these differences were no longer significant after multivariable adjustment [ORs 0.90 (95% CI 0.80-1.02) and 1.02 (95% CI 0.93-1.11)]. Among patients on warfarin, however, early use of antiplatelet medications was associated with increased transfusion risk. CONCLUSION Despite higher-risk characteristics, warfarin-anticoagulated patients are often more conservatively managed, as early use of antithrombotic therapies may be associated with increased bleeding. Further investigation is needed to determine the optimal choice of therapies for this population.
Retargeting T Cells to GD2 Pentasaccharide on Human Tumors Using Bispecific Humanized Antibody

Xu and colleagues describe a novel, fully humanized, aglycosylated bispecific antibody targeting GD2 pentasaccharide with femtomolar cytotoxic EC50 against cancer cell lines that activates T cells in situ, drives intravenous T cells and monocytes to infiltrate tumor stroma, and ablates neuroblastoma and melanoma xenografts. Anti-disialoganglioside GD2 IgG antibodies have shown clinical efficacy in solid tumors that lack human leukocyte antigens (e.g., neuroblastoma) by relying on Fc-dependent cytotoxicity. However, there are pain side effects secondary to complement activation. T-cell retargeting bispecific antibodies (BsAb) also have clinical potential, but it is thus far only effective against liquid tumors. In this study, a fully humanized hu3F8-BsAb was developed, in which the anti-CD3 huOKT3 single-chain Fv fragment (ScFv) was linked to the carboxyl end of the anti-GD2 hu3F8 IgG1 light chain, and was aglycosylated at N297 of Fc to prevent complement activation and cytokine storm. In vitro, hu3F8-BsAb activated T cells through classic immunologic synapses, inducing GD2-specific tumor cytotoxicity at femtomolar EC50 with >105-fold selectivity over normal tissues, releasing Th1 cytokines (TNFα, IFNγ, and IL2) when GD2(+) tumors were present. In separate murine neuroblastoma and melanoma xenograft models, intravenous hu3F8-BsAb activated T cells in situ and recruited intravenous T cells for tumor ablation, significantly prolonging survival from local recurrence or from metastatic disease. Hu3F8-BsAb, but not control BsAb, drove T cells and monocytes to infiltrate tumor stroma. These monocytes were necessary for sustained T-cell proliferation and/or survival and contributed significantly to the antitumor effect. The in vitro and in vivo antitumor properties of hu3F8-BsAb and its safety profile support its further clinical development as a cancer therapeutic, and provide the rationale for exploring aglycosylated IgG-scFv as a structural platform for retargeting human T cells. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(3); 266–77. ©2014 AACR.
Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Attenuates Glucocorticoid-Induced Suppression of Myogenic Differentiation In Vitro

Glucocorticoids are the only therapy that has been demonstrated to alter the progress of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common muscular dystrophy in children. However, glucocorticoids disturb skeletal muscle metabolism and hamper myogenesis and muscle regeneration. The mechanisms involved in the glucocorticoid-mediated suppression of myogenic differentiation are not fully understood. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is considered to play a central role as a negative regulator in myogenic differentiation. Here, we showed that glucocorticoid treatment during the first 48 h in differentiation medium decreased the level of phosphorylated Ser9-GSK-3β, an inactive form of GSK-3β, suggesting that glucocorticoids affect GSK-3β activity. We then investigated whether GSK-3β inhibition could regulate glucocorticoid-mediated suppression of myogenic differentiation in vitro. Two methods were employed to inhibit GSK-3β: pharmacological inhibition with LiCl and GSK-3β gene knockdown. We found that both methods resulted in enhanced myotube formation and increased levels of muscle regulatory factors and muscle-specific protein expression. Importantly, GSK-3β inhibition attenuated glucocorticoid-induced suppression of myogenic differentiation. Collectively, these data suggest the involvement of GSK-3β in the glucocorticoid-mediated impairment of myogenic differentiation. Therefore, the inhibition of GSK-3β may be a strategy for preventing glucocorticoid-induced muscle degeneration.
Recurrent extensions of self-similar Markov processes and Cram\'er's condition II

We prove that a positive self-similar Markov process $(X,\mathbb{P})$ that hits 0 in a finite time admits a self-similar recurrent extension that leaves 0 continuously if and only if the underlying L\'{e}vy process satisfies Cram\'{e}r's condition.
Searching for the reionization sources

ABSTRACT Using a reionization model simultaneously accounting for a number of experimental datasets, we investigate the nature and properties of reionization sources. Such model predictsthat hydrogen reionization starts at z ≈ 15, is initially driven by metal-free (PopIII) stars, andis 90% complete by z ≈ 8. We ﬁnd that a fraction f γ > 80% of the ionizing power at z ≥ 7comes from haloes of mass M 10 9 M ⊙ haloes, yielding f γ ≈ 60% at z = 6. Using Lyman-break broadband dropout techniques,J-banddetection of sources contributingto 50% (90%) of the ionizing powerat z ∼ 7.5requiresto reach a magnitude J 110,AB = 31.2(31.7), where ∼ 15(30) (PopIII) sources/arcmin 2 arepredicted. We conclude that z > 7 sources tentatively identiﬁed in broadband surveys arerelatively massive (M ≈ 10 9 M ⊙ ) and rare objects which are only marginally (≈ 1%) addingto the reionization photon budget.Key words: intergalactic medium cosmology: theory large-scale structure of Universe.
Cultural Differences in Brand Extension Evaluation: The Influence of Analytic versus Holistic Thinking

Consumers evaluate brand extensions by judging how well they fit with the parent brand. We examine this process across cultures. We predict that consumers from Eastern cultures, characterized by holistic thinking, perceive higher brand extension fit and evaluate brand extensions more favorably than do Western consumers, characterized by analytic thinking. Study 1 supports the existence of these cultural differences, with study 2 providing support for styles of thinking (analytic vs. holistic) as the drivers of cultural differences in brand extension evaluations.
Predictors of suicidal ideation among college students: A prospective cohort study

ABSTRACT This prospective cohort study investigated longitudinal predictors of suicidal ideation among college students. A non-clinical cohort of college students (N = 171) completed baseline and 3-month follow-up surveys. Depressive symptoms, worst-point suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt history significantly predicted follow-up suicidal ideation severity after adjusting covariates. Similarly, depressive symptoms and worst-point suicidal ideation (but not attempt history) were significant predictors of follow-up suicidal ideation intensity in an adjusted model. The results suggest that current depressive symptoms and lifetime worst-point suicidal ideation are independently valuable constructs that may provide relatively short-term predictive information when screening for suicidal ideation among college students.
BeppoSAX Observations of GRB 980425: Detection of the Prompt Event and Monitoring of the Error Box

We present BeppoSAX follow-up observations of GRB 980425 obtained with the Narrow Field Instruments (NFI) in 1998 April, May, and November. The first NFI observation has detected within the 8' radius error box of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) an X-ray source positionally consistent with the supernova 1998bw, which exploded within a day of GRB 980425, and a fainter X-ray source, not consistent with the position of the supernova. The former source is detected in the following NFI pointings and exhibits a decline of a factor of 2 in six months. If it is associated with SN 1998bw, this is the first detection of X-ray emission from a Type I supernova above 2 keV. The latter source exhibits only marginally significant variability. The X-ray spectra and variability of the supernova are compared with thermal and nonthermal models of supernova high-energy emission. Based on the BeppoSAX data, it is not possible to establish firmly which of the two detected sources is the GRB X-ray counterpart, although probability considerations favor the supernova.
Legitimacy of consumer associations and perceived vulnerability of their users: Effects on intentions to trust consumerist associations

The trust that people place in consumer associations to protect their interests in dealing with commercial entities is at the heart of the consumerist mission. It is therefore important to identify the factors underpinning this trust. The results of one qualitative study (51 respondents) and one quantitative study (315 individuals) reveal that intentions to trust a consumer association depend on its recognized degree of cognitive, pragmatic and moral legitimacy. Furthermore, the effect of pragmatic legitimacy on such intentions varies in accordance with the perceived vulnerability of consumers in dealing with commercial entities. However, perceived vulnerability does not moderate the relationship between cognitive and moral legitimacy and intentions to trust consumer associations: it has a direct influence on this response variable.
Examining the Influence of Teacher-Constructed and Student-Constructed Assignments on the Achievement Patterns of Gifted and Advanced Sixth-Grade Students

This study examined the relationship of different assignment structures (i.e., teacher-constructed and student-constructed) on the achievement patterns of 6th-grade gifted and advanced students in a Southwest suburban school. Through a descriptive case study design (Berg, 2004; Merriam, 1988), an action research approach (Stringer, 2004) and self-study methods, the teacher-researcher explored student perception of control, and its influence on motivation (i.e., achieving and underachieving performance patterns) for different assignment structures. Findings indicate that gifted underachievers and advanced underachievers, alike, preferred the student-constructed assignment structure and self-assessment. The majority of gifted achievers and advanced achievers preferred the student-constructed assignment structure as well; however, they were evenly divided on their preference of the teacher assessment and the self-assessment.
On the error estimates for the rotational pressure-correction projection methods

In this paper we study the rotational form of the pressure-correction method that was proposed by Timmermans, Minev, and Van De Vosse. We show that the rotational form of the algorithm provides better accuracy in terms of the H1-norm of the velocity and of the L2-norm of the pressure than the standard form.