Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subsequent pulmonary embolism: risk after a negative helical CT pulmonary angiogram--prospective comparison with scintigraphy.

PURPOSE To determine whether a helical computed tomographic (CT) scan that is negative for pulmonary embolism (PE) is a sufficiently reliable criterion to safely withhold anticoagulation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with negative helical CT scans were prospectively compared with patients with negative or low-probability scintigrams. In a 460-bed university hospital and clinic, 1,015 adult patients underwent either scintigraphy or helical CT for possible PE for 25 months. Five hundred forty-eight patients who had negative images and were not receiving anticoagulation therapy were prospectively followed up for 3 months for clinical, new imaging, death certificate, or autopsy evidence of subsequent PE. Ninety-seven patients were lost to follow-up. RESULTS Subsequent PE was found in two (1.0%) of 198 patients with negative CT scans, none of 188 patients with negative ventilation-perfusion (V-P) scans, and five (3.1%) of 162 patients with low-probability V-P scans (not statistically significant). Patients in the helical CT group were hospitalized more often, had more severe disease, had more substantial PE risk factors, and had a higher death rate. No deaths were attributed to PE in either group. CONCLUSION The frequency of clinical diagnoses of PE after a negative CT scan was low and similar to that after a negative or low-probability V-P scan. Helical CT is a reliable imaging tool for excluding clinically important PE.
Improving Small Object Proposals for Company Logo Detection

Many modern approaches for object detection are two-staged pipelines. The first stage identifies regions of interest which are then classified in the second stage. Faster R-CNN is such an approach for object detection which combines both stages into a single pipeline. In this paper we apply Faster R-CNN to the task of company logo detection. Motivated by its weak performance on small object instances, we examine in detail both the proposal and the classification stage with respect to a wide range of object sizes. We investigate the influence of feature map resolution on the performance of those stages. Based on theoretical considerations, we introduce an improved scheme for generating anchor proposals and propose a modification to Faster R-CNN which leverages higher-resolution feature maps for small objects. We evaluate our approach on the FlickrLogos dataset improving the RPN performance from 0.52 to 0.71 (MABO) and the detection performance from 0.52 to $0.67$ (mAP).
UTSW Small Animal Positron Emission Imager

A Small Animal Imager (SAI) for PET has been designed, built, tested in phantoms, and applied to investigations in mice and rats. The device uses principles based on gamma-ray induced scintillation in crossed fiber optic detectors connected to Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tubes (PSPMT). Each detector consists of an epoxied stack of 28 layers of 135 round 1 mm BCF-10 scintillating plastic fibers. The overlap region forms a 13.5times13. 5times2.8 cm3 detector volume. Scintillating light from the fibers is detected by two (X and Y directions) Hamamatsu R-2486 PSPMTs with 16 anode wires in each of two orthogonal directions. A centroid-finding algorithm gives the position of a light cluster on the face (photocathode) of a PSPMT. The accuracy of the reconstruction of an interaction position is essentially independent of light cluster position. This translates to a nearly isotropic photon response for the entire detector. The system has been used to test several 3D image reconstruction algorithms, software modifications, and improvements. The sensitivity (~12.6 cps/kBq at 9 cm inner diameter) and sub-millimeter spatial resolution (better than 1 mm in phantoms) obtained with an iterative algorithm incorporating system modeling make the SAI a relatively inexpensive high performance animal imager. The SAI is currently being used for imaging experiments in mice and rats
Multiple Growing Cell Structures

We present here a variant of B. Fritzke’s GCS (Growing Cell St ructures) — Multiple GCS (MGCS). In each insertion step of the GCS only one new cell is inserted in the middle of the edge connecting Maximum Resource Vertex (MSV) and the most distant node in th direct topological neighbourhood of MSV. But in our MGCS multiple new cells are inserted at the sam e ti e. The first new cell is inserted in the same way as in GCS. Besides that we insert the second new cell between the edge connecting the second MSV and it’s most distant direct topological neighbo urh od. In the same way we can insert the third and fourth new cells. Our goal is to speed up the converg ence of the learning process. Although multiple growing cell mechanism can reduce the required num ber of learning epochs, it can also lead to an increased network structure. Simulation results on so me neural network benchmarks (two-spiral problem, sonar–mine/rock separation problem, glass ident ifica ion problem, horse colic fate prediction, soybean disease recognition, credit card approval predict ion) indicate that, for many data sets, when the number of new cells is within three, the total performance of networks is at best, but that increasing the number of new cells beyond three has very little benefit and so metimes degrades performance.
Effects of vasopressin on electrolyte transport across isolated colon from normal and dexamethasone‐treated rats.

Vasopressin enhanced the absorption of Na+ and Cl‐ across the short‐circuited colon descendens from normal rats. This effect of vasopressin results from an increase in the mucosal to serosal movement of Na+ and Cl‐ and a decrease in the serosal to mucosal movement of Cl‐ and was accompanied with a decrease in the short‐circuit current (ISC). Neither the base‐line absorption of Na+ and Cl‐, the vasopressin‐induced increase in Na+ and Cl‐ absorption nor the decrease in ISC were inhibited by amiloride in the colon from normal rats. Colon descendens from rats treated for 3 days with dexamethasone had remarkably higher transmural potential difference (p.d.), tissue conductance (Gt) and ISC. The absorption of Na+ across the short‐circuited colon descendens from dexamethasone‐treated rats was increased 3‐fold when compared to colon from normal rats. The absorption of Cl‐ in normal rats was reversed to Cl‐ secretion in treated rats. Amiloride rapidly and reversibly decreased the p.d. , Gt and ISC in colon from dexamethasone‐treated rats. The transport of Na+ was nearly completely inhibited by amiloride in treated rats. In contrast to its enhancing effects on Na+ absorption in colon from normal rats vasopressin did not enhance Na+ absorption in colon from dexamethasone‐treated rats. This enhancement of Cl‐ absorption by vasopressin was retained in colon from treated rats. This enhancement of Cl‐ transport was due solely to a decrease in the serosal to mucosal movement of Cl‐ and was accompanied with a decrease in ISC and Gt. The results support the hypothesis that vasopressin causes inhibition of the electrogenic secretion of Cl‐ in colon from dexamethasone‐treated rats. Furthermore, the results suggest that the increase in the mucosal to serosal movement of Na+ and Cl‐ and the decrease in the serosal to mucosal movement of Cl‐ in colon from normal rats are caused by independent effects of vasopressin.
Cadets' Perceptions of Gymnastics Instruction for Officer Development

The United States Military Academy has offered gymnastics instruction since 1838. Gymnastics continues to be an integral component of the physical education curriculum. The purpose of this study was to investigate cadets' perceptions of their experiences in a required gymnastics course using the critical incident technique. Students described experiences in the gymnastics class that they believed had a positive or negative influence on their development as cadets and future Army officers. Key elements of their responses were classified into 16 positively perceived and 11 negatively perceived categories. The top positive categories were confidence, encouragement, fear management, modeling, additional instruction, and teamwork. The top negative categories included lack of time, helplessness, discouragement, lack of relevance, unfair grading, and injury. Key Words: Military Instruction, Student Perceptions, Critical Incident, United States Military Academy, Cadet, Physical Readiness Training, Gymnastics, and Motor Fitness
Antiretroviral therapy for tuberculosis control in nine African countries

HIV has increased the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) by up to sevenfold in African countries, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces the incidence of AIDS-related TB. We use a mathematical model to investigate the short-term and long-term impacts of ART on the incidence of TB, assuming that people are tested for HIV once a year, on average, and start ART at a fixed time after HIV seroconversion or at a fixed CD4+ cell count. We fit the model to trend data on HIV prevalence and TB incidence in nine countries in sub-Saharan Africa. If HIV-positive people start ART within 5 y of seroconversion, the incidence of AIDS-related TB in 2015 will be reduced by 48% (range: 37–55%). Long-term reductions depend sensitively on the delay to starting ART. If treatment is started 5, 2, or 1 y after HIV seroconversion, or as soon as people test positive, the incidence in 2050 will be reduced by 66% (range: 57–80%), 95% (range: 93–96%), 97.7% (range: 96.9–98.2%) and 98.4% (range: 97.8–98.9%), respectively. In the countries considered here, early ART could avert 0.71 ± 0.36 [95% confidence interval (CI)] million of 3.4 million cases of TB between 2010 and 2015 and 5.8 ± 2.9 (95% CI) million of 15 million cases between 2015 and 2050. As more countries provide ART at higher CD4+ cell counts, the impact on TB should be investigated to test the predictions of this model.
Attendance and Information System using RFID and Web-Based Application for Academic Sector

Recently, students attendance have been considered as one of the crucial elements or issues that reflects the academic achievements and the performance contributed to any university compared to the traditional methods that impose time-consuming and inefficiency. Diverse automatic identification technologies have been more in vogue such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). An extensive research and several applications are produced to take maximum advantage of this technology and bring about some concerns. RFID is a wireless technology which uses to a purpose of identifying and tracking an object via radio waves to transfer data from an electronic tag, called RFID tag or label to send data to RFID reader. The current study focuses on proposing an RFID based Attendance Management System (AMS) and also information service system for an academic domain by using RFID technology in addition to the programmable Logic Circuit (such as Arduino), and web-based application. The proposed system aims to manage student’s attendance recording and provides the capabilities of tracking student absentee as well, supporting information services include students grading marks, daily timetable, lectures time and classroom numbers, and other student-related instructions provided by faculty department staff. Based on the results, the proposed attendance and information system is time-effective and it reduces the documentation efforts as well as, it does not have any power consumption. Besides, students attendance RFID based systems that have been proposed are also analyzed and criticized respect to systems functionalities and main findings. Future directions for further researchers are focused and identified.
The Sign-Rank of AC^O

The sign-rank of a matrix A = [A<sub>ij</sub>] with plusmn1 entries is the least rank of a real matrix B = [B<sub>ij</sub>] with A<sub>ij</sub>B<sub>ij</sub> > 0 for all i, j. We obtain the first exponential lower bound on the sign-rank of a function in AC<sup>0</sup>. Namely, let f(x, y) = Lambda<sub>i=1</sub> <sup>m</sup> Lambda<sub>j=1</sub> <sup>m</sup> <sup>2</sup>(x<sub>ij</sub> Lambda y<sub>ij</sub>). We show that the matrix [f(x, y)]<sub>x,</sub> <sub>y</sub> has sign-rank 2<sup>Omega(m)</sup>. This in particular implies that Sigma<sub>2</sub> <sup>cc</sup>nsubeUPP<sup>cc</sup>, which solves a long-standing open problem posed by Babai, Frankl, and Simon (1986). Our result additionally implies a lower bound in learning theory. Specifically, let Phi<sub>1</sub>,. , Phi<sub>r</sub> : {0, 1}<sup>n</sup> rarrRopf be functions such that every DNF formula f : {0, 1}<sup>n</sup> rarr {-1, +1} of polynomial size has the representation f equiv sign(a<sub>1</sub>Phi<sub>1</sub> + hellip + a<sub>r</sub>Phi<sub>r</sub>) for some reals a<sub>1</sub>,. , a<sub>r</sub>. We prove that then r ges 2<sup>Omega(n</sup> <sup>1/3</sup> <sup>)</sup>, which essentially matches an upper bound of 2<sup>Otilde(n</sup> <sup>1/3</sup> <sup>)</sup> due to Klivans and Servedio (2001). Finally, our work yields the first exponential lower bound on the size of threshold-of-majority circuits computing a function in AC<sup>0</sup>. This substantially generalizes and strengthens the results of Krause and Pudlak (1997).
Scapular Resting Position and Gleno-Humeral Movement Dysfunction in Asymptomatic Racquet Players: A Case-Control Study

Background: Racquet sports, especially lawn tennis and badminton have been gaining popularity in Asian countries like India. With this increase in popularity, the injury rate in the sport has also increased. Objectives: The study will help detect the presence of gleno-humeral movement dysfunction and scapular resting position abnormality in asymptomatic racquet players, thus providing basis for screening the players and allow the clinician to determine if the asymmetry is a normal adaptation in the player or an abnormal change associated with injury. Materials and Methods: 46 asymptomatic professional players were divided into a study group of 23 players (16 tennis and 7 badminton) and control group of 23 football players. Assessment of passive gleno-humeral range of motion and distance of spine and inferior angle of scapula from corresponding spinous process were measured bilaterally and between groups. Results: There was statistically significant reduction in range of internal rotation (62.17 ± 8.09), extension (39.78 ± 4.12) and an increase in the external rotation (106.95 ± 7.49) of dominant compared to non-dominant arm of racquet players and a statistically significant decrease in internal rotation (78.69 ± 10.24), extension (44.78 ± 3.19), adduction (37.39 ± 6.54) and an increase in external rotation (102.6 ± 5.19) of dominant arm of racquet players compared to football players. Study also showed statistically significant increase in the spino-scapular distance at the level of inferior angle of scapula (10.23 ± 1.43) on dominant side compared to non-dominant. Conclusions: The dominant side scapula of asymptomatic racquet players showed increased external rotation and elevation as compared to the non-dominant side. Also, reduced shoulder internal rotation, extension and adduction and gain in shoulder external rotation was observed on the dominant side of racquet players when compared to the control group.
Evidence for sustained renal hypoxia and transient hypoxia adaptation in experimental rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury.

BACKGROUND Indirect evidence suggests that hypoxia contributes to the pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the cellular location and kinetics of hypoxia, as well as potential hypoxia adaptation are unclear. METHODS Rhabdomyolysis was induced in rats by IM glycerol (GLY) injection, which largely recapitulates the full clinical syndrome. Additional rats received IV myoglobin (MYO), in order to assess the contribution of MYO per se. We performed immunohistochemistry for hypoxia markers [pimonidazole (PIM) adducts and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs)] and the cell-protective HIF target gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Furthermore, we sought a potential negative feedback loop to terminate HIF activation, driven by HIF prolyl-hydroxylase-2 (PHD-2). RESULTS In GLY, progressive tubular injury, mainly of proximal tubules (PT), developed over time, but its extent was heterogeneous. PIM, HIFalpha and HO-1 were all absent in controls, but strongly positive in GLY, with a specific spatio-temporal pattern. In PT, (a) PIM was detectable throughout the study with a maximum at 6 h, (b) HIF was activated only at 3 h and (c) HO-1 and PHD-2 appeared at 6 h and persisted at a lower level at 24 h. Apart from tubular cast formation, MYO did not cause overt tissue damage, but led to strong activation of HIFs, in a pattern similar to 3 h of GLY. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that renal hypoxia occurs in rhabdomyolysis, and that MYO, at least partly, contributes to hypoxia generation. Since in the most affected tubules transcriptional hypoxia adaptation is transient and inhomogeneous, pharmacologic HIF enhancement holds the potential to improve outcome in rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI.
WORK-FAMILY CONFLICTS, FAMILY LEISURE ACTIVITIES, AND FAMILY FUNCTIONING IN HONG KONG*

Work is perceived to be a major barrier to the amount and quality of time available for family use. Both adequate time and quality time are important for the wellbeing of a family. Among the various patterns in the use of family time, there is ample evidence of a positive relationship between participation in family leisure and family functioning. Despite the persistent trend of long working hours in Hong Kong, how work affects the involvement of workers in family leisure is under-examined in the region. Guided by an ecological-systemic perspective, a random sample telephone survey was conducted in November 2010. A total of 1,002 respondents were successfully interviewed. From the results of the survey, it was found that work-family conflict has restricted involvement in family leisure activities and increased the burden on members of the family who are responsible for organising family leisure activities. Furthermore, work-family conflict, together with the burden of organising family leisure activities, has cumulative negative impact on family functioning. A family-friendly work policy, including childcare support, flexible working hours, and employer-sponsored family leisure activities, should be further promoted in Hong Kong.
Insecurity, Conformity and Community

James S. Coleman was the major proponent of rational choice theory. This article challenges the traditional reading of his work by showing that under the explicit theory of rational choice lay a latent non-rational theory of action. The article shows that instead of rationality, Coleman's psychological starting point was existential insecurity; that instead of the alleged mechanism of the maximization of utility, actors choose to conform to peer values and norms in order to alleviate insecurity; and that the optimal setting for action is provided by intimate and dense communities, rather than unregulated free markets. These three non-rational presuppositions are analyzed and it is suggested that they are crucial for understanding Coleman's assessment of modernity, social change and his call for the rational reconstruction of society.
Covariance among premating, post‐copulatory and viability fitness components in Drosophila melanogaster and their influence on paternity measurement

In polyandrous mating systems, male fitness depends on success in premating, post‐copulatory and offspring viability episodes of selection. We tracked male success across all of these episodes simultaneously, using transgenic Drosophila melanogaster with ubiquitously expressed green fluorescent protein (i.e. GFP) in a series of competitive and noncompetitive matings. This approach permitted us to track paternity‐specific viability over all life stages and to distinguish true competitive fertilization success from differential early offspring viability. Relationships between episodes of selection were generally not present when paternity was measured in eggs; however, positive correlations between sperm competitive success and offspring viability became significant when paternity was measured in adult offspring. Additionally, we found a significant male × female interaction on hatching success and a lack of repeatability of offspring viability across a focal male’s matings, which may underlay the limited number of correlations found between episodes of selection.
Cognitive Strategy-Specific Increases in Phosphorylated cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein and c-Fos in the Hippocampus and Dorsal Striatum

Extensive research has shown that the hippocampus and striatum have dissociable roles in memory and are necessary for “place” and “response” learning, respectively. In the present study, rats were trained on a cross maze task that could be solved by either a place or a response strategy, and the strategy used was determined by a probe trial. Phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) and c-Fos immunoreactivity (IR) were measured in the hippocampus and striatum either immediately or 1 hr after cross maze training. Immediately after training, pCREB-IR and c-Fos-IR were significantly higher in the hippocampus and striatum of trained rats than in control rats matched for motor activity, but the increase was independent of the strategy revealed at probe. One hour after training, however, pCREB-IR and c-Fos-IR were sustained in the hippocampal pyramidal and granule cell layers of place learners but returned to basal levels among response learners. In addition, pCREB-IR was sustained in the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum of response learners but returned to basal levels among place learners. There were no differences between place and response learners in c-Fos-IR in the striatum at either time point. The present results indicate that cross maze training causes an initial activation of transcription factors in both the hippocampus and striatum. Formation of memory for a place strategy, however, is related to sustained phosphorylation of CREB and expression of c-Fos for at least 1 hr in the hippocampus, whereas formation of memory for a response strategy is related to phosphorylation of CREB in the striatum.
Students' Motivation to Learn Chemistry: The Greek Case

Students’ motivation to learn chemistry and science in general is a complex construct that it can be conceptualized and assessed in at least five different dimensions. Research shows that motivation interacts closely with cognition and subsequently influences science learning and the level of scientific literacy. In this work, we make an attempt to identify factors that could positively influence students’ motivation to learn chemistry by focusing on research findings that are relevant to the Greek student population. Our analysis of the existing literature shows that these factors could be organized into three main categories: teaching approaches, educational tools, and non-formal educational material and activities. In addition, recent studies related to probing Greek students’ attitudes toward chemistry, indicate a low level of student motivation to engage in chemistry learning, a fact which could be related to the following issues: difficulty of the chemistry course, demanding curriculum in combination with little allocated teaching time, use of unattractive teaching methods, and lack of career opportunities. More in depth research is needed in order to directly assess students’ motivation to learn chemistry and quantify the relative importance as well as interrelation of the influencing factors proposed in this work.