Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on high temperature deformation behavior of wrought Ti40 alloy

Hot compression tests of wrought Ti40 alloy were conducted on the GLEEBLE hot working simulator.Micro-deformation mechanism and the manifestation of flow instability were investigated by means of processing map technology based on Prasad criterion at temperature 950℃~1100℃ and strain rate 0.001s-1~1.0s-1,and deformation parameters were optimized.The results show that the area of flow instability appears at low temperature and high strain rate.At temperature 950℃~1010℃ and strain rate 0.13s-1~1.0s-1,localized flowing may appear at the area of flow instability which should be avoided in practical hot working.Temperature 950℃~1100℃ and strain rate 0.001s-1~0.01s-1 are better range,in which the deformation mechanisms are mainly dynamic recrystallization accompanied with dynamic recovery.The optimum parameters are near 1050℃ and 0.001s-1 accompanying complete dynamic recrystallization.The deformation mechanisms of the regions beside those described above,are mainly dynamic recovery accompanied with dynamic recrystallization,and which can be selected for processing.
Demand-driven Alias Analysis : Formalizing Bidirectional Analyses for Soundness and Precision

A demand-driven approach to program analysis have been viewed as efficient algorithms to compute only the information required to serve a target demand. In contrast, an exhaustive approach computes all information in anticipation of it being used later. However, for a given set of demands, demand-driven methods are believed to compute the same information that would be computed by the corresponding exhaustive methods. We investigate the precision and bidirectional nature of demand-driven methods and show that: (a) demand-driven methods can be formalized inherently as bidirectional data flow analysis because the demands are propagated against the control flow and the information to satisfy the demands is propagated along the control flow. We extend the formalization of the Meet Over Paths solution to bidirectional flows. This formalization helps us to prove the soundness and precision of our analysis, and (b) since a demand-driven method computes only the required information to meet a demand, it should be able to reduce the imprecision caused by data abstractions and hence should be more precise than an exhaustive method. We show that while this is indeed the case with Java, for C/C++, the precision critically hinges on how indirect assignments are handled. We use this insight and propose a demand-driven alias analysis that is more precise than an exhaustive analysis for C/C++ too. We have chosen devirtualization as an application. Our measurements show that our method is not only more efficient but more precise than the existing demand-driven method, as well as the corresponding exhaustive method.
Piecewise Flat Embedding for Image Segmentation

We introduce a new multi-dimensional nonlinear embedding—Piecewise Flat Embedding (PFE)—for image segmentation. Based on the theory of sparse signal recovery, piecewise flat embedding with diverse channels attempts to recover a piecewise constant image representation with sparse region boundaries and sparse cluster value scattering. The resultant piecewise flat embedding exhibits interesting properties such as suppressing slowly varying signals, and offers an image representation with higher region identifiability which is desirable for image segmentation or high-level semantic analysis tasks. We formulate our embedding as a variant of the Laplacian Eigenmap embedding with an $L_{1,p} (0<p\leq 1)$L1,p(0<p≤1) regularization term to promote sparse solutions. First, we devise a two-stage numerical algorithm based on Bregman iterations to compute $L_{1,1}$L1,1-regularized piecewise flat embeddings. We further generalize this algorithm through iterative reweighting to solve the general $L_{1,p}$L1,p-regularized problem. To demonstrate its efficacy, we integrate PFE into two existing image segmentation frameworks, segmentation based on clustering and hierarchical segmentation based on contour detection. Experiments on four major benchmark datasets, BSDS500, MSRC, Stanford Background Dataset, and PASCAL Context, show that segmentation algorithms incorporating our embedding achieve significantly improved results.
Versican A-subdomain is required for its adequate function in dermal development

ABSTRACT Versican, a large chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan, serves as a structural macromolecule of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulates cell behavior. We determined the function of versican in dermal development using VcanΔ3/Δ3 mutant mice expressing versican with deleted A-subdomain of the N-terminal G1 domain. The mutant versican showed a decreased hyaluronan (HA)-binding ability and failed to accumulate in the ECM. In the early developmental stage, VcanΔ3/Δ3 dermis showed a decrease in versican expression as compared with WT. As development proceeded, versican expression further decreased to a barely detectable level, and VcanΔ3/Δ3 mice died at the neonatal period (P0). At P0, VcanΔ3/Δ3 dermis exhibited an impaired ECM structure and decreased cell density. While the level of collagen deposition was similar in both genotypes, collagen biosynthesis significantly decreased in VcanΔ3/Δ3 fibroblasts as compared with that in wild type (WT). Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling mediated through the Smad2/3-dependent pathway was down-regulated in VcanΔ3/Δ3 fibroblasts and a reduced TGFβ storage in the ECM was observed. Microarray analysis revealed a decrease in the expression levels of transcription factors, early growth response (Egr) 2 and 4, which act downstream of TGFβ signaling. Thus, our results suggest that A-subdomain is necessary for adequate versican expression in dermis and that versican is involved in the formation of the ECM and regulation of TGFβ signaling.
Semantic projection: recovering human knowledge of multiple, distinct object features from word embeddings

The words of a language reflect the structure of the human mind, allowing us to transmit thoughts between individuals. However, language can represent only a subset of our rich and detailed cognitive architecture. Here, we ask what kinds of common knowledge (semantic memory) are captured by word meanings (lexical semantics). We examine a prominent computational model that represents words as vectors in a multidimensional space, such that proximity between word-vectors approximates semantic relatedness. Because related words appear in similar contexts, such spaces - called "word embeddings" - can be learned from patterns of lexical co-occurrences in natural language. Despite their popularity, a fundamental concern about word embeddings is that they appear to be semantically "rigid": inter-word proximity captures only overall similarity, yet human judgments about object similarities are highly context-dependent and involve multiple, distinct semantic features. For example, dolphins and alligators appear similar in size, but differ in intelligence and aggressiveness. Could such context-dependent relationships be recovered from word embeddings? To address this issue, we introduce a powerful, domain-general solution: "semantic projection" of word-vectors onto lines that represent various object features, like size (the line extending from the word "small" to "big"), intelligence (from "dumb" to "smart"), or danger (from "safe" to "dangerous"). This method, which is intuitively analogous to placing objects "on a mental scale" between two extremes, recovers human judgments across a range of object categories and properties. We thus show that word embeddings inherit a wealth of common knowledge from word co-occurrence statistics and can be flexibly manipulated to express context-dependent meanings.
Household Cooking Practices as Risk Factor for Acute Respiratory Infections among Hospitalized Under-5 Children in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: Several studies have assessed the association between biomass fuel use and respiratory infection morbidity and mortality but very limited studies have investigated the practices involved in the use of these biomass fuels in relation to the acquisition of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among under-five children in Nigeria. This study was therefore designed to assess the association between household cooking practices and ARI among under-five children in Ibadan. Methods: A hospital based case-control study was undertaken. Two hundred and twenty (220) under-5 children with ARI (cases) and 220 without ARI (controls) were selected consecutively from children visiting OniMemorial Children Hospital and University College Hospital, Ibadan. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 220 mothers of recruited cases and controls to elicit vital information on household cooking practices and other factors that predispose children under-five to ARIs. Sixty-six consented cases and controls each were followed-up for household survey using an observational checklist. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression at p < 0.05. 8Results: The mean age of mothers of cases was 28.7 ± 5.6 years as compared to 30.3 ± 6.6 years for mothers of controls. Mean ages of cases and controls were 20.4 ± 14.7 and 20.3 ± 15.0 months respectively. More cases than controls belong to households with a household size greater than 5 persons (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.6– 3.6). A large proportion of household of cases than controls engage in inadequate cooking practices (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.6–3.5). Under-five children carried on the back while cooking were found to be thrice more likely to develop ARIs than children whose mothers do not carry while cooking. The odds ratios of acute respiratory infection were 8.2 (95% CI: 3.7-18.0) and 3.0 (95% CI: 1.3-6.9) in households using firewood and charcoal for cooking respectively. Children whose household cook in the same room where the child sleeps were found to have a 3-fold greater risk of ARIs than children belonging to household that has its separate kitchen. Conclusions: Inadequate household cooking practices play an important role in the acquisition of acute respiratory infections among under-five children. Increase awareness on the importance of good cooking practices with regard to prevention and control of ARIs among under-5 children is therefore recommended.
Anger, Smoking Behavior, and the Mediator Effects of Gender: An Investigation of Heavy and Moderate Smokers

ABSTRACT Background: The existing literature suggests the presence of a possible relationship between high anger levels and smoking behavior; however, there are no available data highlighting possible differences between moderate and heavy smokers and the putative effect of gender on smoking behavior. Objectives: The aims of the current study were to assess the relationship among anger, depression, and anxiety and smoking patterns taking into account the possible mediator role of gender. Methods: 150 smokers and 50 nonsmokers volunteers were recruited from the staff of the University of Messina, Italy. The final sample consisted of 90 smokers, divided in 50 heavy smokers (HS: more than 40 cigarettes per day), 40 moderate smokers (MS: 10–30 cigarettes per day), and 42 nonsmokers (NS). All subjects were assessed by State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Results: On anger, depression, and anxiety measures the HS group scored higher than MS and NS groups. HS showed higher than expected levels of trait-anger, a greater tendency to control anger reactions and to access to anger-management techniques. A moderate consumption of cigarettes (10–30 cigarettes per day) was not associated with negative emotions, as MS only showed higher than expected levels of state-anger. Cigarettes consumption was related to gender-specific anger features. Conclusions/Importance: Our study highlighted the importance of anger in smoking behavior and its related gender differences. Recognizing the link among anger, gender differences and smoking behavior could improve the knowledge for future-focused interventions on smoking cessation.
An analysis of tweets related to earthquakes, for the Romanian language

This paper provides an analysis of tweets and of their vocabulary in a specific emergency situation — earthquakes, moreover, the correlations between several words from messages and on the linear regressions between word usages and the intensity of the earthquakes. We analyzed the vocabulary used on tweets about Romanian earthquakes with the vocabulary of tweets used for other European earthquakes.
Organ weights and body composition in chickens as related to the energy and amino acid requirements: effects of strain, sex, and age.

Abstract Organ size and carcass composition were evaluated in White Rock (broilers) and Leghorn × RIR (light) males and females. Energy and amino acid requirements for these birds were calculated on the basis of this and previous information. Day-old chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery and were fed the diets designed according to National Research Council (NRC, 1977) recommendations. At weekly intervals 5 birds of each breed and sex were killed and the weights of various organs were recorded. Carcasses were homogenized and analyzed for protein and fat. The results are expressed as percent of live weight. Percent of feathers was significantly greater in the light cross than in broilers and in females than in males. There was no consistent breed or sex difference in liver, heart, and kidney weights. The intestine was relatively heavier in the broilers up to 4 weeks of age; this tendency was later reversed. The relative size of the spleen, gizzard, and proventriculus was greater in the light cross than in the broilers from 3 to 10 weeks of age. The concentration of carcass protein increased with age in both breeds and sexes and was significantly higher in the light breed than in the broilers. Carcass lipids increased with age in all cases. More fat was observed in the broilers than in the light breeds and in females than in males. The most remarkable increase in carcass fat started in the broiler females at the age of 7 weeks and continued until 10 weeks of age. The amino acid requirements, expressed on the basis of energy, were calculated from the weight curves and body composition data; they were highest for male broilers and lowest for the females of the light cross at 3 weeks of age.
Growth and protein‐rich food intake in infancy is associated with fat‐free mass index at 2–3 years of age

The reduction of infant protein intake and associated growth velocity is a recommended public health strategy for reducing the risk of childhood obesity. This study tests the hypothesis that infants’ growth and protein‐rich food (dairy, meat, fish and egg) intake influences childhood body size and composition at 2–3 years of age.
Epigenetic Dysregulation of the Dynamin-Related Protein 1 Binding Partners MiD49 and MiD51 Increases Mitotic Mitochondrial Fission and Promotes Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Implications

Background: Mitotic fission is increased in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a hyperproliferative, apoptosis-resistant disease. The fission mediator dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) must complex with adaptor proteins to cause fission. Drp1-induced fission has been therapeutically targeted in experimental PAH. Here, we examine the role of 2 recently discovered, poorly understood Drp1 adapter proteins, mitochondrial dynamics protein of 49 and 51 kDa (MiD49 and MiD51), in normal vascular cells and explore their dysregulation in PAH. Methods: Immunoblots of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (control, n=6; PAH, n=8) and immunohistochemistry of lung sections (control, n=6; PAH, n=6) were used to assess the expression of MiD49 and MiD51. The effects of manipulating MiDs on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were assessed in human and rodent PAH pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells with flow cytometry. Mitochondrial fission was studied by confocal imaging. A microRNA (miR) involved in the regulation of MiD expression was identified using microarray techniques and in silico analyses. The expression of circulatory miR was assessed with quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in healthy volunteers (HVs) versus patients with PAH from Sheffield, UK (plasma: HV, n=29, PAH, n=27; whole blood: HV, n=11, PAH, n=14) and then confirmed in a cohort from Beijing, China (plasma: HV, n=19, PAH, n=36; whole blood: HV, n=20, PAH, n=39). This work was replicated in monocrotaline and Sugen 5416-hypoxia, preclinical PAH models. Small interfering RNAs targeting MiDs or an miR mimic were nebulized to rats with monocrotaline-induced PAH (n=4–10). Results: MiD expression is increased in PAH pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, which accelerates Drp1-mediated mitotic fission, increases cell proliferation, and decreases apoptosis. Silencing MiDs (but not other Drp1 binding partners, fission 1 or mitochondrial fission factor) promotes mitochondrial fusion and causes G1-phase cell cycle arrest through extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2– and cyclin-dependent kinase 4–dependent mechanisms. Augmenting MiDs in normal cells causes fission and recapitulates the PAH phenotype. MiD upregulation results from decreased miR-34a-3p expression. Circulatory miR-34a-3p expression is decreased in both patients with PAH and preclinical models of PAH. Silencing MiDs or augmenting miR-34a-3p regresses experimental PAH. Conclusions: In health, MiDs regulate Drp1-mediated fission, whereas in disease, epigenetic upregulation of MiDs increases mitotic fission, which drives pathological proliferation and apoptosis resistance. The miR-34a-3p-MiD pathway offers new therapeutic targets for PAH.
Comparative genome and transcriptome analyses reveal adaptations to opportunistic infections in woody plant degrading pathogens of Botryosphaeriaceae

Abstract Botryosphaeriaceae are an important fungal family that cause woody plant diseases worldwide. Recent studies have established a correlation between environmental factors and disease expression; however, less is known about factors that trigger these diseases. The current study reports on the 43.3 Mb de novo genome of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and five other genomes of Botryosphaeriaceae pathogens. Botryosphaeriaceous genomes showed an expansion of gene families associated with cell wall degradation, nutrient uptake, secondary metabolism and membrane transport, which contribute to adaptations for wood degradation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in carbohydrate catabolism, pectin, starch and sucrose metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathways were induced during infection. Furthermore, genes in carbohydrate-binding modules, lysine motif domain and the glycosyl hydrolase gene families were induced by high temperature. Among these genes, overexpression of two selected putative lignocellulase genes led to increased virulence in the transformants. These results demonstrate the importance of high temperatures in opportunistic infections. This study also presents a set of Botryosphaeriaceae-specific effectors responsible for the identification of virulence-related pathogen-associated molecular patterns and demonstrates their active participation in suppressing hypersensitive responses. Together, these findings significantly expand our understanding of the determinants of pathogenicity or virulence in Botryosphaeriaceae and provide new insights for developing management strategies against them.
The Hypnotic, Anxiolytic, and Antinociceptive Profile of a Novel µ-Opioid Agonist

5′-4-Alkyl/aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives PILAB 1–12 were synthesized and a pharmacological screening of these derivatives was performed to identify a possible effect on the Central Nervous System (CNS) and to explore the associated mechanisms of action. The mice received a peritoneal injection (100 µmol/kg) of each of the 12 PILAB derivatives 10 min prior to the injection of pentobarbital and the mean hypnosis times were recorded. The mean hypnosis time increased for the mice treated with PILAB 8, which was prevented when mice were administered CTOP, a µ-opioid antagonist. Locomotor and motor activities were not affected by PILAB 8. The anxiolytic effect of PILAB 8 was evaluated next in an elevated-plus maze apparatus. PILAB 8 and midazolam increased a percentage of entries and spent time in the open arms of the apparatus compared with the control group. Conversely, a decrease in the percentages of entries and time spent in the closed arms were observed. Pretreatment with naloxone, a non-specific opioid antagonist, prior to administration of PILAB 8 exhibited a reverted anxiolytic effect. PILAB 8 exhibited antinociceptive activity in the hot plate test, and reduced reactivity to formalin in the neurogenic and the inflammatory phases. These data suggest that PILAB 8 can activate µ-opioid receptors to provoke antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice.
Maternal protein S activity is associated with massive hemorrhage during caesarean section: retrospective case-control study

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study is to identify any correlation between the maternal protein S (PS) activity, which decreases spontaneously during normal pregnancy, and the pregnancy outcome, especially the amount of bleeding during caesarean section (CS). Materials and methods: We analyzed 129 pregnant women who received elective CS at our hospital which is a tertiary perinatal center. The relationship between the amount of intraoperative hemorrhage and PS activity was estimated by simple linear regression. Univariate and multivariate analyses were also performed to determine whether or not the maternal PS activity was associated with massive hemorrhage (>1000 g). Results: The maternal PS activity correlated with the amount of intraoperative hemorrhage (p = .048, r = 0.175) and could be an independent predictor of massive hemorrhage (odds ratio 1.06; 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.12; p = .013). Conclusions: Maternal PS activity was associated with the amount of hemorrhage during CS and the occurrence of massive hemorrhage. PS activity reduction naturally occurring during pregnancy could contribute to alleviation of massive hemorrhage.
National patterns of care and predictors of neoadjuvant and concurrent chemotherapy use with definitive radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

To the authors' knowledge, the patterns of care for the radiotherapy‐based treatment of patients with stage III to IVB oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are poorly defined. The objective of the current study was to characterize the use and predictors of chemotherapy with radiotherapy for this population using the National Cancer Database.