Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure-function relationship in wheat dough – the impact of protein microstructure on rheology and processing performance

The understanding of food structure enables the engineering of specific nutritional, physical, and sensorial properties. The key factor herein is the relationship between structure and function which is well known for some artificial materials; however, food, and wheat cereal products in particular, consists of complex biopolymer matrixes, complicating the prediction of its behavior. Therefore, the current thesis presents a methodology developed specifically for dough microstructure quantification DoMiQ. This methodology enabled the extraction of quantitative structural features of the micrographs and thereby delivered the basis for a correlation analysis of the structure and functionality of wheat proteins in the dough matrix. In summary, the DoMiQ method enabled the extraction of the structural features of wheat dough protein microstructure and delivered a novel perspective of the dough system, an extended understanding of the dough matrix, as well as the development of a substantial structure-function relationship in cereal science.
Secondary prevention of heart disease in general practice : protocol of a randomised controlled trial of tailored practice and patient care plans with parallel qualitative , economic and policy analyses . [ ISRCTN 24081411 ]

Background: The aim of the SPHERE study is to design, implement and evaluate tailored practice and personal care plans to improve the process of care and objective clinical outcomes for patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD) in general practice across two different health systems on the island of Ireland. CHD is a common cause of death and a significant cause of morbidity in Ireland. Secondary prevention has been recommended as a key strategy for reducing levels of CHD mortality and general practice has been highlighted as an ideal setting for secondary prevention initiatives. Current indications suggest that there is considerable room for improvement in the provision of secondary prevention for patients with established heart disease on the island of Ireland. The review literature recommends structured programmes with continued support and follow-up of patients; the provision of training, tailored to practice needs of access to evidence of effectiveness of secondary prevention; structured recall programmes that also take account of individual practice needs; and patient-centred consultations accompanied by attention to disease management guidelines. Methods: SPHERE is a cluster randomised controlled trial, with practice-level randomisation to intervention and control groups, recruiting 960 patients from 48 practices in three study centres (Belfast, Dublin and Galway). Primary outcomes are blood pressure, total cholesterol, physical and mental health status (SF-12) and hospital re-admissions. The intervention takes place over two years and data is collected at baseline, one-year and twoyear follow-up. Data is obtained from medical charts, consultations with practitioners, and patient postal questionnaires. Published: 29 July 2005 Current Controlled Trials in Cardiovascular Medicine 2005, 6:11 doi:10.1186/ 1468-6708-6-11 Received: 02 June 2005 Accepted: 29 July 2005 This article is available from: http://cvm.controlled-trials.com/content/6/1/11 © 2005 Murphy et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Understanding the international great moderation

The majority of OECD countries has experienced a reduction in macroeconomic volatility during the last two decades. This period is also characterized by a gradual liberalization of the capital accounts in these countries. We first show that, on average, countries/periods with more open capital markets are associated with lower macroeconomic volatility. Second we provide a theory of why capital account liberalization can lead to less macroeconomic volatility. In a simple open economy setting we study the impact of more open capital markets on the transmission and the amplification of two types of shocks: financial and real. We find that, in any given country, greater international integration substantially reduces the amplification of financial shocks; we also find that this channel can quantitatively affect business cycles dynamics. Our findings suggest that up to 1/3 of the worldwide reduction in business cycle volatility can be explained by greater international financial integration.
1.25/2.5-Gb/s burst-mode clock recovery circuit with a novel dual bit-rate structure in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS

A burst-mode clock recovery circuit with a novel dual bit-rate structure is presented. It utilizes two gated-oscillators to align clock with data edges and can operate in half-rate clocking mode, doubling data throughput, as well as in full-rate clocking mode. The gated-oscillator reset-phase control scheme alters the starting phase of gated-oscillators repeatedly between 0deg and 180deg according to the current clock phase. A prototype chip was designed with 0.18-mum CMOS technology and 1.25/2.5-Gb/s dual-mode operation was verified in measurement
A Comparison of Different Approaches to Estimate Small-Scale Spatial Variation in Outdoor NO2 Concentrations

Background In epidemiological studies, small-scale spatial variation in air quality is estimated using land-use regression (LUR) and dispersion models. An important issue of exposure modeling is the predictive performance of the model at unmeasured locations. Objective In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of two LUR models (large area and city specific) and a dispersion model in estimating small-scale variations in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations. Methods Two LUR models were developed based on independent NO2 monitoring campaigns performed in Amsterdam and in a larger area including Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The measurement data of the other campaign were used to evaluate each model. Predictions from both LUR models and the calculation of air pollution from road traffic (CAR) dispersion model were compared against NO2 measurements obtained from Amsterdam. Results and conclusion The large-area and the city-specific LUR models provided good predictions of NO2 concentrations [percentage of explained variation (R2) = 87% and 72%, respectively]. The models explained less variability of the concentrations in the other sampling campaign, probably related to differences in site selection, and illustrated the need to select sampling sites representative of the locations to which the model will be applied. More complete traffic information contributed more to a better model fit than did detailed land-use data. Dispersion-model estimates for NO2 concentrations were within the range of both LUR estimates.
Conversion of cholesterol to androgens by rat testes: comparison of interstitial cells and seminiferous tubules.

Interstitial cells were separated from the tubules of testes of young and mature rats. When interstitial cells were incubated with cholesterol-7α-3H this substrate was converted to testosterone-3H and androstenedione-3H. Under similar conditions tubules from the same testes failed to convert cholesterol to either androgen. To the extent that cholesterol is the physiological precursor of steroid hormones, these results confirm previous evidence that interstitial cells represent the major and probably the only source of testicular androgens. In confirmation of a previous report, both interstitial cells and tubules were found to convert progesterone-4-14C to testosterone-14C and to androstenedione- 14C, although the physiological significance of this observation remains uncertain. (Endocrinology 84: 488, 1969)
A TV-Band Harmonic Rejection Mixer Adopting a $g_{m}$ Linearization Technique

A TV-band harmonic rejection mixer (HRM) adopting a novel g m linearization technique is proposed and its harmonic rejection ratio (HRR) over the mismatch parameters is analyzed numerically using simple vector diagrams. The operational mechanism of the proposed g m linearization technique is described and its effectiveness is proved with both simulation and measurement. Based on the proposed idea and analysis, a TV-band HRM is implemented with 90 nm CMOS technology. Measurements show 3-6 dB IIP3 improvement and 37-52 dBc HRR at 29 mA current in 1.2 V supply voltage.
Privacy Concerns and Information Disclosure: An Illusion of Control Hypothesis

Another example: Spiekermann, Grossklags and Berendt (2001) conducted an experiment on people’s privacy concerns and attitudes in the context of online shopping. They find that even the most privacy-aware and concerned subjects reveal a lot of private information, regardless of its relevance with respect to the product being bought. Quite daunting result, especially considering that in this study people were asked to sign a consent form allowing for their data to be sold to an unspecified third party. The Pew Internet & American Life Project published a survey in April 2007 (Pew Internet & American Life Project, 2007) about the use of online social networks by teenagers and, among their results, they report that: • 82% of surveyed profile creators posted their first name online and 29% also posted their last name (11% on publicly accessible profiles); • 79% included pictures of themselves; • 61% published the name of their city or town; • 29% posted their email address and 2% added a mobile number. Several possible explanations for this inconsistency:
Multiple Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System with Automatic Features Extraction Algorithm for Cervical Cancer Recognition

To date, cancer of uterine cervix is still a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. The current methods (i.e., Pap smear and liquid-based cytology (LBC)) to screen for cervical cancer are time-consuming and dependent on the skill of the cytopathologist and thus are rather subjective. Therefore, this paper presents an intelligent computer vision system to assist pathologists in overcoming these problems and, consequently, produce more accurate results. The developed system consists of two stages. In the first stage, the automatic features extraction (AFE) algorithm is performed. In the second stage, a neuro-fuzzy model called multiple adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (MANFIS) is proposed for recognition process. The MANFIS contains a set of ANFIS models which are arranged in parallel combination to produce a model with multi-input-multioutput structure. The system is capable of classifying cervical cell image into three groups, namely, normal, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). The experimental results prove the capability of the AFE algorithm to be as effective as the manual extraction by human experts, while the proposed MANFIS produces a good classification performance with 94.2% accuracy.
A systematic identification and analysis of scientists on Twitter

Metrics derived from Twitter and other social media—often referred to as altmetrics—are increasingly used to estimate the broader social impacts of scholarship. Such efforts, however, may produce highly misleading results, as the entities that participate in conversations about science on these platforms are largely unknown. For instance, if altmetric activities are generated mainly by scientists, does it really capture broader social impacts of science? Here we present a systematic approach to identifying and analyzing scientists on Twitter. Our method can identify scientists across many disciplines, without relying on external bibliographic data, and be easily adapted to identify other stakeholder groups in science. We investigate the demographics, sharing behaviors, and interconnectivity of the identified scientists. We find that Twitter has been employed by scholars across the disciplinary spectrum, with an over-representation of social and computer and information scientists; under-representation of mathematical, physical, and life scientists; and a better representation of women compared to scholarly publishing. Analysis of the sharing of URLs reveals a distinct imprint of scholarly sites, yet only a small fraction of shared URLs are science-related. We find an assortative mixing with respect to disciplines in the networks between scientists, suggesting the maintenance of disciplinary walls in social media. Our work contributes to the literature both methodologically and conceptually—we provide new methods for disambiguating and identifying particular actors on social media and describing the behaviors of scientists, thus providing foundational information for the construction and use of indicators on the basis of social media metrics.
A Geometric View on Constrained M-Estimators

We study the estimation error of constrained M-estimators, and derive explicit upper bounds on the expected estimation error determined by the Gaussian width of the constraint set. Both of the cases where the true parameter is on the boundary of the constraint set (matched constraint), and where the true parameter is strictly in the constraint set (mismatched constraint) are considered. For both cases, we derive novel universal estimation error bounds for regression in a generalized linear model with the canonical link function. Our error bound for the mismatched constraint case is minimax optimal in terms of its dependence on the sample size, for Gaussian linear regression by the Lasso.
Characterization of nano particle added composite panels manufactured from Eastern redcedar

The objective of this study was to evaluate properties of experimental particleboard panels manufactured from Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) using silicone dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles added modified starch as a binder. Nine different types of panels were manufactured having nanoparticle contents of 0%, 1%, and 3% at three density levels of 600, 700, and 800 kg/m3. Based on the findings in this work, nanoparticle content above 1% in the panels adversely influenced their mechanical properties. It appears that using nano added modified starch along with only 2% urea formaldehyde adhesive resulted in accepted mechanical characteristics in the form of bending and internal bond strength of the samples. Since no wax or other additives were used in panel manufacture their dimensional stability needs to be improved. Very low formaldehyde emission value of 0.07 ppm was determined for the panels suggesting that such approach results in potential of manufacturing value-added composite products with insignificant environmental and health concerns.
Inferolateral ST Elevation as a First Sign of Left Anterior Descending Artery Occlusion

Combined anterior and inferior ST elevation due to occlusion of wrapped left anterior descending artery (LAD) is well reported in the literature. However, there is rare literature mentioned about inferolateral ST elevation in this patient group. Herein, we report a case of acute proximal wrapped LAD occlusion with initial electrocardiographic sign of inferolateral ST elevation. The most likely mechanism of this electrocardiographic finding might be related to old anteroseptal myocardial infarction, combination with other coronary abnormality, such as chronic total occlusion of left circumflex artery that caused larger injury current in inferolateral than anteroseptal myocardium, and made anteroseptal leads reveal isoelectric pattern.
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 regulates formation of long lamellipodia in human keratinocytes

During wound healing, keratinocytes initiate migration from the wound edge by extending lamellipodia into a fibronectin-rich provisional matrix. While lamellipodia-like structures are also found in cultured keratinocytes exposed to epidermal growth factor (EGF), the signaling pathway that regulates the formation of these structures is not defined. In cultured human keratinocytes seeded on fibronectin, we found that protein-serine/threonine kinase inhibitors including staurosporine, induced concentration-dependent formation of extended lamellipodia (E-lams). The formation of E-lams was inhibited by the proteintyrosine kinase inhibitors herbimycin A and genistein and augmented by the protein-tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor sodium orthovanadate. Staurosporine treatment induced relocation of tyrosine phosphorylated phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) to the tips of lamellipodia where actin assembly was initiated. Consistent with an involvement of PLC-γ1 in E-lam formation, intracellular free calcium (Ca2+) was elevated during the formation of E-lams and conversely, E-lam formation was blocked by intracellular Ca2+ chelation with BAPTA/AM, but not by extracellular reduction of Ca2+ by EGTA. Notably, glycogen synthase kinase-3α/β (GSK-3α/β) was activated by staurosporine as evidenced by reduced phosphorylation on Ser-21/9. Suppression of GSK-3 activity by LiCl2 or by a specific chemical inhibitor, SB-415286, blocked E-lam formation but without altering cell spreading. Furthermore, GSK-3 inhibitors blocked both staurosporine- and EGF-induced keratinocyte migration in scratch-wounded cultures. We propose that GSK-3 plays a crucial role in the formation of long lamellipodia in human keratinocytes and is potentially a central regulatory molecule in epithelial cell migration during wound healing.
Geometric subgroups of mapping class groups

This paper is a study of the subgroups of the mapping class groups of Riemann surfaces, called "geometric" subgroups, corresponding to the inclusion of subsurfaces. Our analysis includes surfaces with boundary and with punctures. The centres of all the mapping class groups are calculated. We determine the kernel of inclusion-induced maps of the mapping class group of a subsurface, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for injectivity. In the injective case, we show that the commensurability class of a geometric subgroup completely determines up to isotopy the defining subsurface, and we characterize centralizers, normalizers, and commensurators of geometric subgroups.
The Adenovirus Type 3 Dodecahedron's RGD Loop Comprises an HSPG Binding Site That Influences Integrin Binding

Human type 3 adenovirus dodecahedron (a virus like particle made of twelve penton bases) features the ability to enter cells through Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans (HSPGs) and integrins interaction and is used as a versatile vector to deliver DNA or proteins. Cryo-EM reconstruction of the pseudoviral particle with Heparan Sulphate (HS) oligosaccharide shows an extradensity on the RGD loop. A set of mutants was designed to study the respective roles of the RGD sequence (RGE mutant) and of a basic sequence located just downstream. Results showed that the RGE mutant binding to the HS deficient CHO-2241 cells was abolished and unexpectedly, mutation of the basic sequence (KQKR to AQAS) dramatically decreased integrin recognition by the viral pseudoparticle. This basic sequence is thus involved in integrin docking, showing a close interplay between HSPGs and integrin receptors.
Association of the Colorectal CpG Island Methylator Phenotype with Molecular Features, Risk Factors, and Family History

Background: The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) represents a subset of colorectal cancers characterized by widespread aberrant DNA hypermethylation at select CpG islands. The risk factors and environmental exposures contributing to etiologic heterogeneity between CIMP and non-CIMP tumors are not known. Methods: We measured the CIMP status of 3,119 primary population-based colorectal cancer tumors from the multinational Colon Cancer Family Registry. Etiologic heterogeneity was assessed by a case–case study comparing risk factor frequency of colorectal cancer cases with CIMP and non-CIMP tumors using logistic regression to estimate the case–case odds ratio (ccOR). Results: We found associations between tumor CIMP status and MSI-H (ccOR = 7.6), BRAF V600E mutation (ccOR = 59.8), proximal tumor site (ccOR = 9; all P < 0.0001), female sex [ccOR = 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5–2.1], older age (ccOR = 4.0 comparing over 70 years vs. under 50; 95% CI, 3.0–5.5), and family history of CRC (ccOR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5–0.7). While use of NSAIDs varied by tumor CIMP status for both males and females (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.02, respectively), use of multivitamin or calcium supplements did not. Only for female colorectal cancer was CIMP status associated with increased pack-years of smoking (Ptrend < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI; Ptrend = 0.03). Conclusions: The frequency of several colorectal cancer risk factors varied by CIMP status, and the associations of smoking and obesity with tumor subtype were evident only for females. Impact: Differences in the associations of a unique DNA methylation–based subgroup of colorectal cancer with important lifestyle and environmental exposures increase understanding of the molecular pathologic epidemiology of this heavily methylated subset of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(3); 512–9. ©2015 AACR.
Adverse Selection in Dynamic Matching Markets

type="main"> We study the Akerlofian adverse selection problem in a dynamic matching model where the competitive situation varies across different meetings. The ‘lemons principle’ is shown to limit the high quality sales within a wider range of quality distributions than in the Walrasian benchmark. High quality goods can nevertheless be traded, albeit less frequently than the low quality goods. For certain quality distributions, there exists a ‘partially pooling’ steady state where high quality sellers are active whenever at least two buyers compete for the good. Otherwise, the model features cycles in a sense that high quality goods are traded only in non-consecutive periods.
Mutations of Epstein-Barr Virus gH That Are Differentially Able To Support Fusion with B Cells or Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT The core fusion machinery of all herpesviruses consists of three conserved glycoproteins, gB and gHgL, suggesting a common mechanism for virus cell fusion, but fusion of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with B cells and epithelial cells is initiated differently. Fusion with B cells requires a fourth protein, gp42, which complexes with gHgL and interacts with HLA class II, the B-cell coreceptor. Fusion with an epithelial cell does not require gp42 but requires interaction of gHgL with a novel epithelial cell coreceptor. Epithelial cell fusion can be inhibited by gp42 binding to gHgL and by antibodies to gH that fail to block B-cell fusion. This suggests that regions of gHgL initiating fusion with each cell are separable from each other and from regions involved in fusion itself. To address this possibility we mapped the region of gH recognized by a monoclonal antibody to gH that blocks EBV fusion with epithelial cells but not B cells by making a series of chimeras with the gH homolog of rhesus lymphocryptovirus. Proteins with mutations engineered within this region included those that preferentially mediate fusion with B cells, those that preferentially mediate fusion with epithelial cells, and those that mediate fusion with neither cell type. These results support the hypothesis that the core fusion function of gH is the same for B cells and epithelial cells and that it differs only in the way in which it is triggered into a functionally active state.