Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal Psychopathology Influences Infant Heart Rate Variability: Generation R Study

Objective: To assess the determinants of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in children. The autonomic nervous system as measured by HR and HRV is considered a biological marker of psychopathology in children. Methods: We examined the relationship of maternal psychopathology with infant HR and HRV. HR was recorded at 14 months in 528 infants. The high-frequency component of HRV was used as an indicator of cardiac vagal modulation. The presence of a lifetime maternal psychiatric diagnosis was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Presence of maternal psychiatric symptoms during pregnancy and 2 months after birth was assessed, using the Brief Symptom Inventory. Results: A maternal history of a psychiatric disorder was associated with a 0.24-standard deviation (SD) higher mean HR in the infant (&bgr; = 0.24, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.03, 0.4, p = . 025) and a 0.14-SD lower high-frequency power (&bgr; = −0.14, 95% CI = −0.6, −0.03, p = .003). Likewise, postnatal maternal anxiety and depression symptoms were associated with infant mean HR. A 1-point increase in the mean anxiety symptom score was associated with 0.14-SD higher mean HR in the infant (&bgr; = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.2, p = .004), and a 1-point increase in mean depression score with a 0.11-SD increase (&bgr; = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.2, p = .025). No significant associations of prenatal maternal affective symptoms with infants autonomic functioning were found. Conclusion: Maternal lifetime psychiatric diagnosis and postnatal psychiatric symptoms are associated with infant autonomic functioning, namely, higher mean HR and lower vagal modulation. ANS = autonomic nervous system; BSI = Brief Symptom Inventory; CIDI = Composite International Diagnostic Interview; HF = high frequency; HR = heart rate; HRV = heart rate variability; IBQ = Infant Behavior Questionnaire; WHO = World Health Organization.
‘I am going, with or without you’: autonomy in Bolivian transnational migrations

Autonomy has often been seen as a precondition for achieving gender equality, yet feminist scholarship has been rather ambivalent towards it. In this article, I explore this ambivalence by drawing on the experiences of migrant women, particularly mothers, focusing on the ways in which they negotiated their mobility with their partners. By analysing women's experiences of migration within a context of multi-sited and longitudinal, itinerant ethnography, I historicise their life accounts and place them within a broader framework of social and economic structural changes. On this basis I explore the concept of autonomy, particularly in relation to the exercise of women's agency within a context of market-oriented neoliberal reforms. I also question the potential of women's autonomy for gender equality and argue that there are at least two reasons for feminist scholars to continue being ambivalent towards autonomy.
Regulation of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene expression in endothelial cells and in vivo : a specific vascular action of insulin.

BACKGROUND The vasodilatory effect of insulin can be acute or increase with time from 1 to 7 hours, suggesting that insulin may enhance the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells. The objective of the present study was to characterize the extent and signaling pathways by which insulin regulates the expression of eNOS in endothelial cells and vascular tissues. METHODS AND RESULTS Physiological concentrations of insulin (10(-10) to 10(-7) mmol/L) increased the levels of eNOS mRNA, protein, and activity by 2-fold after 2 to 8 hours of incubation in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Insulin enhanced eNOS gene expression in microvessels isolated from Zucker lean rats but not from insulin-resistant Zucker fatty rats. Inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3 kinase) decreased the effect of insulin on eNOS gene expression, but a general protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, GF109203X or PKCbeta isoform inhibitor, LY333531 enhanced eNOS expression. In contrast, PKC activators inhibited both the activation by insulin of PI-3 kinase and eNOS mRNA levels. Overexpression of PKCbeta isoform in endothelial cells inhibited the stimulation by insulin of eNOS expression and PI-3 kinase activities in parallel. CONCLUSIONS Insulin can regulate the expression of eNOS gene, mediated by the activation of PI-3 kinase, in endothelial cells and microvessels. Thus, insulin may chronically modulate vascular tone. The activation of PKC in the vascular tissues as in insulin resistance and diabetes may inhibit PI-3 kinase activity and eNOS expression and may lead to endothelial dysfunctions in these pathological states.
Comment on “Robustness of proxy‐based climate field reconstruction methods” by Michael E. Mann et al.

] Mann et al. [2007a] (hereafter M07a) test the climatefield reconstruction (CFR) method known as regularizedexpectation maximization (RegEM) using pseudoproxiesderived from millennial simulations of past climate. Thesesimulations were derived from two General CirculationModels (GCMs) driven with natural and anthropogenicforcings: the National Center for Atmospheric ResearchClimate System Model (CSM) [Boville et al., 2001] andthe Hamburg Atmosphere-Ocean Coupled CirculationModel (ECHO-g) [Legutke and Voss, 1999]. There has beensome discussion about the amplitude of millennial changesin simulations from these two GCMs [Goosse et al., 2005;Mann et al., 2005; Osborn et al., 2006; Gonza´lez-Rouco etal. , 2006], particularly with regard to how it may impact theassessment of CFR methods in pseudoproxy experiments[Mannetal. ,2005;Mann,2007;Zoritaetal. ,2007;Mannetal. , 2007a, 2007b]. [
Using quality-improvement techniques to enhance patient education and counselling of diagnosis and management.

BACKGROUND Patients recall less than half the information provided to them by their physicians. AIMS The aim of this study was to use quality-improvement (QI) techniques to enhance patient understanding of diagnosis, management and follow-up at the end of the office visit. METHOD QI techniques including stakeholder analysis, process mapping and plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles were used in a pilot study in an outpatient endocrinology clinic specialising in bone disease. The impact of these interventions was evaluated by pre- and post-intervention patient surveys that included qualitative and quantitative data. RESULTS A team of endocrinology fellows and faculty with expertise in QI developed a series of tools to encourage conversation and interaction during the encounter and to serve as a reference for patients to take home through five PDSA cycles. The tools were iterations of written materials provided to patients at the end of the clinical encounter. In each cycle, the tools were modified according to feedback from patients and providers. Ninety-three patients participated in this study. Patients were surveyed after the implementation of two of the five cycles. Compared with pre-intervention, modifications during the two cycles were associated with a non-significant increase in patients' understanding of the reasons for testing (from 64% to 80% and 75%); management plan (from 61% to 86% and 79%); and future follow-up plans (from 64% to 86% and 81%); P > 0.05 for all three outcomes. Improvement was not seen in patients' knowledge of their diagnoses (from 74% to 73% and 70%; P > 0.05). CONCLUSION This pilot study shows how QI tools can be used for creating and initiating system improvements aimed at enhancing patient education and counselling.
The Community Question: The Intimate Networks of East Yorkers

The Community Question has set the agenda for much or much of sociology. It is the question of how large-scale social systemic divisions of labor affect the organization and content of primary ties. Network analysis is proposed as a useful approach to the Community Question, because, by focusing on linkages, it avoids the a priori confinement of analysis to solidary groupings and territorial units. Three contentions about the Question are evaluated: arguments that Community is Lost, Saved or Liberted. Data are presented about the structure and use of the "intimate" networks of 845 adult residents of East York, Toronto. Intimate networks are found to be prevalent, composed of both kin and nonkin, nonlocal, asymmetric, and of sparse density. Help in dealing with both emergencies and everyday matters is available from almost all intimate networks, but from only a minority of intimate ties. The data provide broad support for the Liberated argument, in conjunction with some portions of the Saved argument.
TribeFlow: Mining & Predicting User Trajectories

Which song will Smith listen to next? Which restaurant will Alice go to tomorrow? Which product will John click next? These applications have in common the prediction of user trajectories that are in a constant state of flux over a hidden network (e.g. website links, geographic location). Moreover, what users are doing now may be unrelated to what they will be doing in an hour from now. Mindful of these challenges we propose TribeFlow, a method designed to cope with the complex challenges of learning personalized predictive models of non-stationary, transient, and time-heterogeneous user trajectories. TribeFlow is a general method that can perform next product recommendation, next song recommendation, next location prediction, and general arbitrary-length user trajectory prediction without domain-specific knowledge. TribeFlow is more accurate and up to 413x faster than top competitors.
Social entrepreneurial leadership

Social entrepreneurial leaders are persons who create and manage innovative entrepreneurial organizations or ventures whose primary mission is the social change and development of their client group. The social enterprise’s activities and its client group’s activities can primarily be either economic or non‐economic, but the mission is social change and development. This paper examines research prospects in social entrepreneurial leadership and its relevance to mainstream entrepreneurship research and proposes useful cross‐ fertilization opportunities.
French Ambiguities in Understandings of Corruption: Concurrent Definitions

Abstract Our research adds new empirical evidence to the debate about the ‘grey area’ of social understandings of corruption. Focusing on French citizens' ambiguities regarding the definition of political corruption we examine the notion of ‘greyness’ and identify the situations that give rise to controversies concerning the social definition of behaviour as ‘corrupt’. We examine the controversies that may arise from variation in the perception of behaviours as being normal or deviant, as well as from differences in evaluations (ranging from excusable to inexcusable) of their gravity. We argue that there are certain behaviours that people perceive as being deviant but not necessarily punishable because they are somehow consistent with their values and norms or belong to the category of ‘petty favouritism’ that have few harmful consequences for the public interest. The paper is based on a multiple correspondence analysis of data deriving from a nationally representative sample survey carried out in France in February 2006 on citizens' perceptions of professional politicians, public office holders and political corruption. The analysis reveals the existence of four types of representation, the first two of which (manifested by 50.5% of respondents) are coherent from a normative point of view while the other two types (manifested by 49.5% of respondents) are characterised by different forms of normative ambiguity.
Baculoviruses Modulate a Proapoptotic DNA Damage Response To Promote Virus Multiplication

ABSTRACT The baculovirus Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) initiates apoptosis in diverse insects through events triggered by virus DNA (vDNA) replication. To define the proapoptotic pathway and its role in antivirus defense, we investigated the link between the host's DNA damage response (DDR) and apoptosis. We report here that AcMNPV elicits a DDR in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. Replication of vDNA activated DDR kinases, as evidenced by ATM-driven phosphorylation of the Drosophila histone H2AX homolog (H2Av), a critical regulator of the DDR. Ablation or inhibition of ATM repressed H2Av phosphorylation and blocked virus-induced apoptosis. The DDR kinase inhibitors caffeine and KU55933 also prevented virus-induced apoptosis in cells derived from the permissive AcMNPV host, Spodoptera frugiperda. This block occurred at a step upstream of virus-mediated depletion of the cellular inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein, an event that initiates apoptosis in Spodoptera and Drosophila. Thus, the DDR is a conserved, proapoptotic response to baculovirus infection. DDR inhibition also repressed vDNA replication and reduced virus yields 100,000-fold, demonstrating that the DDR contributes to virus production, despite its recognized antivirus role. In contrast to virus-induced phosphorylation of Drosophila H2Av, AcMNPV blocked phosphorylation of the Spodoptera H2AX homolog (SfH2AX). Remarkably, AcMNPV also suppressed SfH2AX phosphorylation following pharmacologically induced DNA damage. These findings indicate that AcMNPV alters canonical DDR signaling in permissive cells. We conclude that AcMNPV triggers a proapoptotic DDR that is subsequently modified, presumably to stimulate vDNA replication. Thus, manipulation of the DDR to facilitate multiplication is an evolutionarily conserved strategy among DNA viruses of insects and mammals.
VEEGAN: Reducing Mode Collapse in GANs using Implicit Variational Learning

Deep generative models provide powerful tools for distributions over complicated manifolds, such as those of natural images. But many of these methods, including generative adversarial networks (GANs), can be difficult to train, in part because they are prone to mode collapse, which means that they characterize only a few modes of the true distribution. To address this, we introduce VEEGAN, which features a reconstructor network, reversing the action of the generator by mapping from data to noise. Our training objective retains the original asymptotic consistency guarantee of GANs, and can be interpreted as a novel autoencoder loss over the noise. In sharp contrast to a traditional autoencoder over data points, VEEGAN does not require specifying a loss function over the data, but rather only over the representations, which are standard normal by assumption. On an extensive set of synthetic and real world image datasets, VEEGAN indeed resists mode collapsing to a far greater extent than other recent GAN variants, and produces more realistic samples.
Individual differences in language development: Implications for development and language.

Differences in characteristics of language development that have been identified in a number of recent studies are reviewed. In these studies, some children have been found to emphasize single words, simple productive rules for combining words, nouns and noun phrases, and referential functions; others use whole phrases and formulas, pronouns, compressed sentences, and expressive or social functions. The evidence for two styles of acquisition and their continuity over time is examined. Explanations in terms of hemispheric functions, cognitive maturation, cognitive style, and environmental context are considered, and an explanation in terms of the interaction of individual and environment in different functional contexts is suggested. Implications for development and the mastery of complex systems are discussed. A new consensus is emerging about the appropriate framework within which to view the important problems of language acquisition. In contrast to the prevailing view a decade ago that language development could only be understood within a linguistic, genetic, rule-testing, individual framework, students of child language today have increasingly accepted the premise of a developing social, cognitive, and communicative system within which language is gradually mastered. The implications o f this shift for our view of both language and development are important, as the burgeoning literature in the journals and in such recent edited collections a s Collins (1979), K . E . Nelson (1978, 1980), and Lock (1978) indicate. A sense o f the richness and interest o f the newer approaches can be gleaned from these sources. Here I would like to consider how the study of individual differences in development fits into this new framework and adds to it. Research reported in this article was supported in part by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. I would like to thank Ellen Tanouye for her valuable contribution to data collection and transcription and
Topic-based Multi-Document Summarization with Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis

We consider the problem of query-focused multidocument summarization, where a summary containing the information most relevant to a user’s information need is produced from a set of topic-related documents. We propose a new method based on probabilistic latent semantic analysis, which allows us to represent sentences and queries as probability distributions over latent topics. Our approach combines queryfocused and thematic features computed in the latent topic space to estimate the summaryrelevance of sentences. In addition, we evaluate several dierent similarity measures for computing sentence-level feature scores. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms the best reported results on DUC 2006 data, and also compares well on DUC 2007 data.
Call admission control with statistical multiplexing for aggregate MPEG traffic in a DVB-RCS satellite network

This paper presents a novel call admission control (CAC) algorithm based on the statistical multiplexing of VBR traffic. The proposed algorithm is called statistical multiplexing based on discrete bandwidth levels of GOP rate (SMDB) because the solution is based on the discretisation of the GOP rate in a set of bandwidth levels and on the time characteristics of discrete bandwidth levels of MPEG sources. SMDB is compared with another statistical CAC based on the normal/lognormal distribution of the GOP rate (SMND). SMDB overcomes SMND in many situations such as high variance around the average video traffic GOP rate of sources and heavy traffic load. The new CAC has been tested in the new generation satellite platform called digital video broadcasting via return channel satellite (DVB-RCS). A high system utilization and multiplexing gain respecting QoS constraints is obtained
A New Color Filter Array With Optimal Properties for Noiseless and Noisy Color Image Acquisition

Digital color cameras acquire color images by means of a sensor on which a color filter array (CFA) is overlaid. The Bayer CFA dominates the consumer market, but there has recently been a renewed interest for the design of CFAs . However, robustness to noise is often neglected in the design, though it is crucial in practice. In this paper, we present a new 2 × 3-periodic CFA which provides, by construction, the optimal tradeoff between robustness to aliasing, chrominance noise and luminance noise. Moreover, a simple and efficient linear demosaicking algorithm is described, which fully exploits the spectral properties of the CFA. Practical experiments confirm the superiority of our design, both in noiseless and noisy scenarios.
Motivations and Career Aspirations of MSW Students in Northern Ireland

During the past decade Northern Ireland, like other parts of the United Kingdom, experienced a fall in the numbers of students applying to social work programmes. In the same period employing agencies have had significant difficulties in recruiting and retaining staff, particularly in child and family care. It is anticipated that the introduction of the new BSW degree in Northern Ireland, alongside measures by employers to improve terms and conditions for staff, will help to alleviate recruitment and retention problems. There has, however, been little empirical research into the precise reasons for these problems or what effect qualifying social work education and training has on students' motivations and career aspirations. This paper reports on a three‐year study of MSW students at Queen's University, Belfast which examined the various factors affecting their motivation to pursue a career in social work. The study explores the impact on students of their experience of professional socialisation during training. The paper concludes with an analysis of the implications of the findings and highlights key factors which may help to inform the future design of qualifying programmes and address employers' concerns about recruitment and retention issues.
Bamboo shoot: Microbiology, Biochemistry and Technology of fermentation - a review

Dried-fermented, fermented-canned and fermented-sliced bamboo shoots form a customary grace of different cookeries of the South-East Asian countries. Bamboo shoots are high moisture product, low in fat, cholesterol and high in carbohydrates and dietary fibers. Many nutrients and active materials can be extracted from them. Hence, bamboo shoots are more valuable in pharmaceutical and food processing industries, and can be processed into different beverages, medicines, additives and health foods. The production of bamboo shoots is however, very seasonal and processing of bamboo shoots into various fermented products is too rudimentary, unorganized, non-standardized, region specific and lacks quality control over the final products. There is hardly any product that has created their way into the national and international markets, which is due to the lack of technological advancement in the field of bamboo shoot processing. In this article, the quality attributes of bamboo shoot, its biochemistry and microbiology with note on various traditional fermented food items has been well documented. It is expected that, further study on these aspects help to promote establishment of a bamboo shoot based processing units and will boost the socio-economic and cultural status of the people, along with preservation of the diverse dietary cultures of various ethnic tribes of the country.
A single-case study on the process and outcome of psychoanalysis

This study aimed to explore the specificity of psychoanalytic treatment by investigating one psychoanalysis over a period of its five years as well as two and five years after its termination. The patient and analyst were interviewed and the analyzand filled out questionnaires and self-rating scales every year during the treatment as well as at the follow-ups. The analyzand reported that he found “a space for himself in himself” in which he could contain a range of strong affects. The psychoanalytic relationship was stable and consistent, and the patient's initial complaints decreased significantly over time. “Reflective functioning scores” increased during the treatment; the self-ratings already showed positive changes in the first year of treatment, which were maintained throughout treatment as well as at the two- and five -year follow-ups.