Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grooming Cybervictims

Abstract The social and cultural communities of the Internet provide a virtual venue with unique perspectives on power, identity, and gender. This paper presents an overview of the benefits and risks of Web-based interactions for youth. As an illustrative example, the psychosocial effects of online grooming practices which are designed to lure and exploit children are discussed. Constructive solutions and a plan of action which foster protective and productive learning experiences are explored.
Changing Developing Country Trade Policies and WTO Engagement

This paper focuses on developments in the engagement of developing countries in the multilateral trading system in light of the recent re-issue of Robert Hudec’s seminal book, Developing Countries in the GATT Legal System. Starting in the late 1980s, just after Hudec published his book, a major shift occurred in the trade policies of many developing countries. The major drivers of the associated reforms and their consequences for the approaches taken towards participation in the global trade regime are discussed. As a result of both policy and technological changes, some of which could not have been foreseen by Hudec, trade-related policy priorities for developing countries today are different from those that are the primary focus of GATT/WTO disciplines and Hudec’s analysis.
Novel Design of Microstrip Bandpass Filters with a Controllable Dual-Passband Response: Description and Implementation

SUMMARY Novel microstrip dual-band bandpass filters with controllable fractional bandwidths and good in-between isolation are presented and implemented. A half-wavelength stepped-impedance resonator is firstly characterized, aiming at producing the two resonant frequencies at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz. Two types of coupled microstrip lines in the parallel and anti-parallel formats are then investigated in terms of unified equivalent J-inverter network. Extensive results are derived to quantitatively show their distinctive frequency-distributed coupling performances under different coupling lengths. The coupling degrees of these two coupled lines at the two resonances are properly adjusted to achieve the dual-passband response with varied or tunable bandwidths. In addition, the parallel coupled line is modeled to bring out a transmission zero between the two resonances so as to achieve the good in-between isolation. The three two-stage bandpass filters are initially designed to exhibit their dual-band response with changeable dual-band bandwidths. A three-stage dual-band filter is in final optimally designed and its predicted performance is confirmed in experi
BER Performance of Joint THP/pre-FDE

Recently, frequency-domain equalization (FDE) based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion has been attracting much attention to overcome the frequency-selective fading channel. The bit error rate (BER) performance of single- carrier (SC) transmission is significantly improved by using MMSE-FDE by obtaining the frequency-diversity gain while suppressing the inter-symbol interference (ISI). However, the residual ISI after MMSE-FDE limits the performance improvement. Recently, we have proposed a joint use of Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) and FDE reception (joint THP/FDE) to suppress the residual ISI. However, joint THP/FDE requires the channel state information (CSI) at both the transmitter and receiver. In this paper, we replace FDE reception by pre-FDE and propose joint THP/pre-FDE that requires the CSI at the transmitter only, while providing almost the same BER performance as joint THP/FDE.
Low Loss MMI Couplers for High Performance MZI Modulators

Optical splitters and combiners which can provide precise splitting with low loss, high thermal stability, large optical bandwidth, high compactness, and insensitivity to fabrication tolerances are essential components for high performance Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZI)-based optical modulators. In this letter, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the multimode interference (MMI) based structure and the reduction in optical loss achievable through the use of linear tapers at the input and output ports. Our data shows that losses can be reduced to below 1 dB/MMI without affecting the static extinction when employed in MZIs.
Money Supply, Inflation and Capital Accumulation in Nigeria

This study examines the relationship between money supply, inflation and capital accumulation in Nigeria between 1970 and 2010. The study investigated the long run relationship of the variables using Johasen cointegration test. As a follow up to this, Error Correction Model was conducted on the variables to capture their short run disequilibrium behavior. Cointegration test reveals that variables employed in the study share long run relationship. The result of the Error Correction Model indicates that money supply (both broad and narrow) has a positive relationship to capital accumulation in Nigeria. It implies that government should direct finances on investment in other to stimulate economic growth in the country. Also the intention of government on inflation targeting should not neglect the contribution of money growth to capital accumulation. Keywords: Money growth, Inflation, Capital accumulation, Cointegration test, Error Correction Model and Stability test.
Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of human complement C1s: a serine protease with a handle

C1s is the highly specific modular serine protease that mediates the proteolytic activity of the C1 complex and thereby triggers activation of the complement cascade. The crystal structure of a catalytic fragment from human C1s comprising the second complement control protein (CCP2) module and the chymotrypsin‐like serine protease (SP) domain has been determined and refined to 1.7 Å resolution. In the areas surrounding the active site, the SP structure reveals a restricted access to subsidiary substrate binding sites that could be responsible for the narrow specificity of C1s. The ellipsoidal CCP2 module is oriented perpendicularly to the surface of the SP domain. This arrangement is maintained through a rigid module–domain interface involving intertwined proline‐ and tyrosine‐rich polypeptide segments. The relative orientation of SP and CCP2 is consistent with the fact that the latter provides additional substrate recognition sites for the C4 substrate. This structure provides a first example of a CCP–SP assembly that is conserved in diverse extracellular proteins. Its implications in the activation mechanism of C1 are discussed.
Ursolic Acid Simultaneously Targets Multiple Signaling Pathways to Suppress Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells

Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid distributed in medical herbs, exerts antitumor effects and is emerging as a promising compound for cancer prevention and therapy, but its excise mechanisms of action in colon cancer cells remains largely unknown. Here, we identified the molecular mechanisms by which UA inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in human colon cancer SW480 and LoVo cells. Treatment with UA led to significant inhibitions in cell viability and clone formation and changes in cell morphology and spreading. UA also suppressed colon cancer cell migration by inhibiting MMP9 and upregulating CDH1 expression. Further studies showed that UA inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK proteins. Pretreatment with an Akt or ERK-specific inhibitor considerably abrogated the proliferation inhibition by UA. UA also significantly inhibited colon cancer cell COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. Pretreatment with a COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) abrogated the UA-induced cell proliferation. Moreover, we found that UA effectively promoted NF-κB and p300 translocation from cell nuclei to cytoplasm, and attenuated the p300-mediated acetylation of NF-κB and CREB2. Pretreatment with a p300 inhibitor (roscovitine) abrogated the UA-induced cell proliferation, which is reversed by p300 overexpression. Furthermore, UA treatment induced colon cancer cell apoptosis, increased the cleavage of PARP, caspase-3 and 9, and trigged the release of cytochrome c from mitochondrial inter-membrane space into cytosol. These results indicate that UA inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells through simultaneous modulation of the multiple signaling pathways such as MMP9/CDH1, Akt/ERK, COX-2/PGE2, p300/NF-κB/CREB2, and cytochrome c/caspase pathways.
Leaving Unemployment for Self-Employment: An Empirical Study

I: Facts, Institutional Arrangements and Evaluation Strategies. - 1 Overview and Introduction. - 2 Unemployment, Self-Employment and Bridging Allowance. - 2.1 Trends in Unemployment and Self-Employment in Germany. - 2.2 Causes of the Trends. - 2.2.1 Unemployment. - 2.2.2 Self-Employment. - 2.3 Bridging Allowance as an Active Labour Market Programme. - 2.3.1 Institutional Arrangements and Adjustments. - 2.3.2 Aim and Potential Impacts. - 3 Previous Empirical Findings on the Transition from Unemployment to Self-Employment. - 3.1 Analysis of Bridging Allowance. - 3.2 Further Empirical Findings. - 4 Evaluation Strategies. - 4.1 The Sample Selection Bias. - 4.2 Addressing the Sample Selection Bias. - 4.2.1 The Control Function Estimator. - 4.2.2 The Heckman Selection Model. - 4.3 Evaluation of Bridging Allowance at the Individual Level and at the Firm Level. - II: From Unemployment to Self-Employment. - 5 Theoretical Framework - An Extended Search Model. - 6 Determinants and Success of Self-Employment. - 6.1 The Empirical Model. - 6.2 The Discrete Hazard Rate Model with Unobserved Heterogeneity. - 6.2.1 The Hazard Rate in Discrete Time. - 6.2.2 Specifying Unobserved Heterogeneity. - 6.2.3 Testing the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) Assumption. - 6.3 Measuring the Success of Self-Employment. - 6.3.1 The Stability of Self-Employment. - 6.3.2 Income Effects of Self-Employment. - 6.4 Data, Sample and Variables. - 6.4.1 The German Socio-Economic Panel. - 6.4.2 Samples of Analysis. - 6.4.3 Variables, Definitions and Descriptives. - 6.5 Econometric Results. - 6.5. 1 Choice of the Number of Mass Points. - 6.5. 2 Determinants of Self-Employment. - 6.5. 3 Stability of Self-Employment and the Effects of Bridging Allowance. - 6.5. 4 The Development and Distribution of Income. - 6.6 Summary and Conclusions. - III: Firm Start-Ups by the Unemployed. - 7 Microeconomic Issues on Firm Start-Ups. - 8 Assessing the Impact of Bridging Allowance at the Firm Level. - 8.1 Econometric Modelling. - 8.1. 1 Firm Start-Ups and Selectivity. - 8.1. 2 Modelling Firm Survival. - 8.1. 3 Modelling Employment Growth. - 8.2 Data, Variables and Descriptives. - 8.2.1 Data. - 8.2.2 Firm Heterogeneity and Subsidisation of the Unemployed. - 8.2.3 Factors Influencing Company Success and Firm Selection. - 8.2. 4 Survival Probability and Employment Growth. - 8.3 Econometric Results. - 8.3.1 Start-Ups by the Unemployed. - 8.3.2 Firm Survival. - 8.3. 3 Employment Growth. - 8.4 Summary and Conclusions. - IV: Concluding Remarks. - 9 Political Options and Future Research. - A.1 Calculation of the IRR and SPIR. - A.2 Tables of Chapter 6. - A.3 Figures of Chapter 6. - A.4 Tables of Chapter 8. - List of Figures. - List of Tables.
Motivation for activity‐based costing implementation: Administrative and institutional influences

Purpose – This paper aims to explore how different motives for implementing activity based‐costing may affect the implementation process. It focuses on the factors that affect different stages of the implementation process.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses case studies of two different business units of the same company which approached ABC implementation with different motivations. It is informed by administrative theory and institutionalist framework which draws on concepts from both old institutional economics and new institutional sociologists theory.Findings – The paper shows how administrative and institutional factors affect different stages of the ABC implementation process and that the importance of success factors for implementation may depend on the level of implementation stage, and motivation for change. For instance, the quality of information system is very important at the adaptation and infusion stage.Research limitations/implications – The paper uses case studies that focus on.
PARA++ : C++ Bindings for Message Passing Libraries

The aim of Para++ is to provide a user-level C++ interface to message passing libraries, by encapsulating the notions of processes and inter-processes communications into specificC++ objects and streams. Actually, this abstraction level allows to implement Para++ with any kind of message passing library. Para++’s main idea is to add new C++ io-streams allowing inter-tasks communications. These streams support all generic scalar datatype (int, float, double,.), plus some mathematical datatypes (Vectors, Matrix,.). Para++ has been implemented on top of PVM [1] and MPI [2].
Chapter 22 Information Gain , Correlation and Support Vector Machines

We report on our approach, CBAmethod3E, which was submitted to the NIPS 2003 Feature Selection Challenge on Dec. 8, 2003. Our approach consists of combining filtering techniques for variable selection, information gain and feature correlation, with Support Vector Machines for induction. We ranked 13th overall and ranked 6th as a group. It is worth pointing out that our feature selection method was very successful in selecting the second smallest set of features among the top-20 submissions, and in identifying almost all probes in the datasets, resulting in the challenge’s best performance on the latter benchmark.
Are exchange rates macroeconomic phenomena

This paper argues that macroeconomic variables are relatively unimportant determinants of exchange rates. The argument hinges on the fact that bilateral exchange rate volatility differs widely across pairs of countries, but macroeconomic volatility is much more similar across countries, at least at short- and medium-term frequencies. For instance, the French Franc/German Deutschemark exchange rate has dramatically lower volatility than the Canadian dollar/German Deutschemark rate, although France and Canada have approximately equal macroeconomic volatility vis-a-vis Germany.
Linear Congruences and hyperbolic Systems of conservation Laws

S. I. Agafonov and E. V. Ferapontov have introduced a construction that allows naturally associating to a system of partial differential equations of conservation laws a congruence of lines in an appropriate projective space. In particular hyperbolic systems of Temple class correspond to congruences of lines that place in planar pencils of lines. The language of Algebraic Geometry turns out to be very natural in the study of these systems. In this article, after recalling the definition and the basic facts on congruences of lines, Agafonov-Ferapontov's construction is illustrated and some results of classification for Temple systems are presented. In particular, we obtain the classification of linear congruences in $\mathbb{P}^5$, which correspond to some classes of $T$-systems in 4 variables.
Npp1 promotes atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice

Ecto‐nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) generates inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a physiologic inhibitor of hydroxyapatite deposition. In a previous study, we found NPP1 expression to be inversely correlated with the degree of atherosclerotic plaque calcification. Moreover, function‐impairing mutations of ENPP1, the gene encoding for NPP1, are associated with severe, artery tunica media calcification and myointimal hyperplasia with infantile onset in human beings. NPP1 and PPi have the potential to modulate atherogenesis by regulating arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation and function, including increase of pro‐atherogenic osteopontin (OPN) expression. Hence, this study tested the hypothesis that NPP1 deficiency modulates both atherogenesis and atherosclerotic intimal plaque calcification. Npp1/ApoE double deficient mice were generated by crossing mice bearing the ttw allele of Enpp1 (that encodes a truncation mutation) with ApoE null mice and fed with high‐fat/high‐cholesterol atherogenic diet. Atherosclerotic lesion area and calcification were examined at 13, 18, 23 and 28 weeks of age. The aortic SMCs isolated from both ttw/ttw ApoE−/− and ttw/+ ApoE−/− mice demonstrated decreased Opn expression. The 28‐week‐old ttw/ttw ApoE−/− and ttw/+ ApoE−/− had significantly smaller atherosclerotic lesions compared with wild‐type congenic ApoE−/− mice. Only ttw/ttw but not ttw/+ mice developed artery media calcification. Furthermore in ttw/+ mice, there was a tendency towards increased plaque calcification compared to ApoE−/− mice without Npp1 deficiency. We conclude that Npp1 promotes atherosclerosis, potentially mediated by Opn expression in ApoE knockout mice.
Culture and the Brain

The goal of this article is to highlight recent work examining how culture affects neural activation. We suggest a framework for cultural neuroscience in which there are two objectives: culture mapping—or the mapping function from patterns characteristic of cultures to their neural processing—and source analysis—or the attempt to determine the sources of observed commonalities and differences. We review links between culture and the brain across fundamental domains of cognitive and social psychology.
Classes and Consequences of Multiple Maltreatment

While the overwhelming majority of research on the consequences of childhood maltreatment reports differential outcomes of specific maltreatment subtypes (e.g., physical abuse vs. emotional abuse) as though they are independent, maltreatment experiences often occur in combination. The present study evaluated multiple maltreatment experiences in a sample of 2,637 undergraduate students who reported on childhood maltreatment and current adjustment. The authors used latent class analysis to examine predominant patterns of multiple maltreatment experiences and investigated indices of psychosocial adjustment associated with those patterns. Results suggested that specific constellations of multiple maltreatment have qualitatively different associations with adjustment. Emotional abuse, alone or in combination with other maltreatment types, was especially salient for psychopathology (e.g., anxiety, depression), while a combination of physical and emotional abuse was most strongly associated with conduct-related problems (e.g., substance use, risky sexual behavior). These findings have both practical and empirical significance for understanding and classifying experiences of maltreatment.
Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus outbreak in a school in London, April–May 2009: an observational study

SUMMARY On 29 April 2009, an imported case of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection was detected in a London school. As further cases, pupils and staff members were identified, school closure and mass prophylaxis were implemented. An observational descriptive study was conducted to provide an insight into the clinical presentation and transmission dynamics in this setting. Between 15 April and 15 May 2009, 91 symptomatic cases were identified: 33 were confirmed positive for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection; 57 were tested negative; in one the results were unavailable. Transmission occurred first within the school, and subsequently outside. Attack rates were 2% in pupils (15% in the 11–12 years age group) and 17% in household contacts. The predominant symptoms were fever (97%), respiratory symptoms (91%), and sore throat (79%). Limited spread in the school may have been due to a combination of school closure and mass prophylaxis. However, transmission continued through household contacts to other schools.
Newsworkers Unite: Labor, Convergence, and North American Newspapers

Chapter 1 Convergence Considered Chapter 2 Convergence and Corporate Control Chapter 3 Convergence, Technology, and Labor Chapter 4 Mergers and More Mergers Chapter 5 A Partner for the Guild Chapter 6 Answering the Canadian Question Chapter 7 Convergence on Command Chapter 8 Convergence and Beyond
Multimarket Amenity Compensation and the Behavior of the Elderly

This paper did not have an abstract at publication. However, it shows that retirees move, as expected in the Roback model, to where amenities are largely capitalized into labor markets. To examine the extent that spurious correlations might be responsible, the mobility of the non-retired workers was examined, and for this sub-group the share of compensation occurring in the labor market versus the land market was non-significant.
Climatic Predictors of Temperature Performance Curve Parameters in Ectotherms Imply Complex Responses to Climate Change

Determining organismal responses to climate change is one of biology’s greatest challenges. Recent forecasts for future climates emphasize altered temperature variation and precipitation, but most studies of animals have largely focused on forecasting the outcome of changes in mean temperature. Theory suggests that extreme thermal variation and precipitation will influence species performance and hence affect their response to changes in climate. Using an information-theoretic approach, we show that in squamate ectotherms (mostly lizards and snakes), two fitness-influencing components of performance, the critical thermal maximum and the thermal optimum, are more closely related to temperature variation and to precipitation, respectively, than they are to mean thermal conditions. By contrast, critical thermal minimum is related to mean annual temperature. Our results suggest that temperature variation and precipitation regimes have had a strong influence on the evolution of ectotherm performance, so that forecasts for animal responses to climate change will have to incorporate these factors and not only changes in average temperature.
Risk Mitigation in Supply Chain Digitization: System Modularity and Information Technology Governance

Firms face significant risk when they adopt digital supply chain systems to transact and coordinate with their partners. Drawn upon modular systems theory, this study proposes that system modularity mitigates the risk of adopting digital supply chain systems and therefore motivates firms to digitize more of their supply chain operations. The study theorizes how the risk-mitigating effect of system modularity can be enhanced by the allocation of decision rights to the IT (information technology) unit. The main logic is that IT managers with more domain IT knowledge can better utilize their knowledge in decision making to achieve effective system modularity. We tested these theoretical propositions using a survey study of Chinese companies and found empirical support. We also found that the allocation of decision rights to the IT unit does not directly mitigate the perceived risk of digital supply chain systems, which highlights the role of decision allocation to the IT unit as a key moderator in risk mitigation. The study generates theoretical and practical implications on how IT governance and system modularity may jointly mitigate risk and foster supply chain digitization.
HLA Haplotype Mismatch Transplants and Posttransplant Cyclophosphamide

The use of high dose posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PT-CY) introduced by the Baltimore group approximately 10 years ago has been rapidly adopted worldwide and is becoming a standard for patients undergoing unmanipulated haploidentical (HAPLO) transplants. PT-CY has been used following nonmyeloablative as well as myeloablative conditioning regimens, for bone marrow or peripheral blood grafts, for patients with malignant and nonmalignant disorders. Retrospective comparisons of HAPLO grafts with conventional sibling and unrelated donor grafts have been published and suggest comparable outcome. The current questions to be answered include the use of PT-CY for sibling and unrelated donors transplant, possibly in the context of prospective randomized trial.