Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The truth about lies: What works in detecting high‐stakes deception?

In this paper, we provide our view of the current understanding of high-stakes lies often occurring in forensic contexts. We underscore the importance of avoiding widespread pitfalls of deception detection and challenging prevailing assumptions concerning strategies for catching liars. The promise and limitations of each of non-verbal/body language, facial, verbal/linguistic, and physiological channels in detecting deception are discussed. In observing the absence of a single cue or behavioural channel that consistently reveals deception, a holistic approach with concurrent attention to multiple channels of a target's behaviour (ideally videotaped for review) and changes from baseline behaviour is recommended whenever possible. Among the best-validated cues to be considered together include: illustrators, blink and pause rate, speech rate, vague descriptions, repeated details, contextual embedding, reproduction of conversations, and emotional ‘leakage’ in the face. While advocating a reliance on empirical evidence, we observe that few studies of high-stakes deception yet have been conducted. Further, some manifestations of lying are highly idiosyncratic and difficult to address in quantitative research, pointing to the need for keen observation skills, and psychological insight. A recurring theme is the need for the field to devise innovative approaches for studying high-stakes lies to promote ecological validity. Ultimately, such work will provide a strong foundation for the responsible application of deception research in forensic and security settings.
Early Childhood Family Intervention and Long-term Obesity Prevention Among High-risk Minority Youth

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that family intervention to promote effective parenting in early childhood affects obesity in preadolescence. METHODS: Participants were 186 minority youth at risk for behavior problems who enrolled in long-term follow-up studies after random assignment to family intervention or control condition at age 4. Follow-up Study 1 included 40 girls at familial risk for behavior problems; Follow-up Study 2 included 146 boys and girls at risk for behavior problems based on teacher ratings. Family intervention aimed to promote effective parenting and prevent behavior problems during early childhood; it did not focus on physical health. BMI and health behaviors were measured an average of 5 years after intervention in Study 1 and 3 years after intervention in Study 2. RESULTS: Youth randomized to intervention had significantly lower BMI at follow-up relative to controls (Study 1 P = .05; Study 2 P = .006). Clinical impact is evidenced by lower rates of obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile) among intervention girls and boys relative to controls (Study 2: 24% vs 54%, P = .002). There were significant intervention-control group differences on physical and sedentary activity, blood pressure, and diet. CONCLUSIONS: Two long-term follow-up studies of randomized trials show that relative to controls, youth at risk for behavior problems who received family intervention at age 4 had lower BMI and improved health behaviors as they approached adolescence. Efforts to promote effective parenting and prevent behavior problems early in life may contribute to the reduction of obesity and health disparities.
The braincase of Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Archosauria: Suchia)

Abstract The osteology of an almost complete braincase of the rauisuchian archosaur Prestosuchus chiniquensis from the Middle Triassic of Brazil is described for first time, based on two specimens (UFRGS-PV-0629-T and UFRGS-PV-0156-T). A comparative description with other taxa of rauisuchians is presented that forms the basis of a phylogenetic analysis. To perform the phylogenetic analysis, we describe and discuss each character codification for a modified version of the recent matrices of Gower (2002), Gower & Nesbitt (2006) and Brusatte et al. (2010). The analysis resulted in two most parsimonious trees that differ from the topologies recovered by Gower (2002) in a few aspects within Rauisuchia, and Prestosuchus chiniquensis was unequivocally depicted as deeply nested within Pseudosuchia, as the sister taxon of Batrachotomus kuperferzellensis in both topologies, supported by a single synapomorphy: the reduced to small fissure of the post-temporal fenestra between parietal, supraoccipital and exoccipital-opisthotic.
Stopping Criteria for Adaptive Finite Element Solvers

We consider a family of practical stopping criteria for linear solvers for adaptive finite element methods for symmetric elliptic problems. A contraction property between two consecutive levels of refinement of the adaptive algorithm is shown when a family of smallness criteria for the corresponding linear solver residuals are assumed on each level or refinement. More importantly, based on known and new results for the estimation of the residuals of the conjugate gradient method, we show that the smallness criteria give rise to practical stopping criteria for the iterations of the linear solver, which guarantees that the (inexact) adaptive algorithm converges. A series of numerical experiments highlights the practicality of the theoretical developments.
Baxter's Q-operator for the W-algebra WN

The q-oscillator representation for the Borel subalgebra of the affine symmetry is presented. By means of this q-oscillator representation, we give the free field realizations of Baxter's Q-operator for the W-algebra WN. We give functional relations of the T–Q operators, including the higher-rank generalization of Baxter's T–Q relation.
Eliminating noisy information in Web pages for data mining

A commercial Web page typically contains many information blocks. Apart from the main content blocks, it usually has such blocks as navigation panels, copyright and privacy notices, and advertisements (for business purposes and for easy user access). We call these blocks that are not the main content blocks of the page the noisy blocks. We show that the information contained in these noisy blocks can seriously harm Web data mining. Eliminating these noises is thus of great importance. In this paper, we propose a noise elimination technique based on the following observation: In a given Web site, noisy blocks usually share some common contents and presentation styles, while the main content blocks of the pages are often diverse in their actual contents and/or presentation styles. Based on this observation, we propose a tree structure, called Style Tree, to capture the common presentation styles and the actual contents of the pages in a given Web site. By sampling the pages of the site, a Style Tree can be built for the site, which we call the Site Style Tree (SST). We then introduce an information based measure to determine which parts of the SST represent noises and which parts represent the main contents of the site. The SST is employed to detect and eliminate noises in any Web page of the site by mapping this page to the SST. The proposed technique is evaluated with two data mining tasks, Web page clustering and classification. Experimental results show that our noise elimination technique is able to improve the mining results significantly.
Isotopic and trace element constraints on the composition and evolution of the lithosphere beneath the southwestern United States

The effects of subduction and crustal recycling on the composition and evolution of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the southwestern United States are recorded in the isotopic and trace element compositions of Cenozoic (<17 Ma) alkalic basalts from the Basin and Range and its tectonic boundaries to the west (Western Great Basin) and east (Colorado Plateau-Basin and Range transition zone). Basin and Range alkalic basalts are chemically similar to ocean island basalts, having high eNd and TiO2, with low Ba, Ba/Nb, and 87Sr/86Sr, which suggests an asthenospheric mantle origin. Lavas from the Western Great Basin and the Eastern Transition Zone have higher Ba contents coupled with higher Ba/Nb and lower TiO2 than Basin and Range basalts, characteristics typically associated with subduction zone magmas. Western Great Basin lavas typically have higher Ba/Nb, K/Ti, and Sr isotope ratios than basalts from the Eastern Transition Zone. Lavas from the northern portion of the Eastern Transition Zone (northern Arizona to central Utah) have unusually low 87Sr/86Sr combined with low 143Nd/144Nd and plot below and to the left of the mantle array, indicating low time-integrated Rb/Sr ratios in the source. Pb isotope ratios are distinct for each area. Basin and Range basalts exhibit only a small isotopic range, whereas transition zone basalts have overlapping to lower 206Pb/204Pb and higher 207Pb/204Pb. Linear distributions on Pb-Pb plots for both the Western Great Basin and the Eastern Transition Zone basalts yield source ages of 1.8 Ga, but basalts from the southeastern margin of the Colorado Plateau are displaced to lower 207Pb/204Pb, indicating a lower U/Pb ratio (μ1). Interaction between asthenospheric basaltic magmas and overlying crust appears to be unable to explain the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope trends since (1) correlations between 87Sr/86Sr and 1/Sr are riot observed, and (2) analyzed lower to midcrustal xenoliths, inferred lower to mid-crustal compositions and Proterozoic supracrustal rocks from the area do not form reasonable mixing end-members for both isotopes and trace elements. The high Ba/Nb, Rb/Sr, and K/Ti ratios in the transition zone basalts indicate that subduction processes have enriched the subcontinental lithosphere beneath the southwestern United States. The range in isotopic and trace element ratios suggest that enrichment processes ranged from fluid-dominated (Western Great Basin) to melt-dominated (Eastern Transition Zone). Although the effects of recent subduction cannot be dismissed, isotopic evidence suggests that these characteristics were largely imposed upon the lithosphere at about 1.8 Ga. Chemical differences in magmas that interacted with lithospheric mantle reflect ancient, rather than recent, subduction processes in the western United States. Geochemical boundaries in the lithosphere correspond to domains established during the Proterozoic which were ultimately assembled into western North America during Proterozoic and late Paleozoic time.
Rofecoxib Produces Intestinal but Not Gastric Damage in the Presence of a Low Dose of Indomethacin in Rats

Indomethacin in small doses is known to inhibit prostaglandin (PG) production, yet it does not damage the gastrointestinal mucosa. We examined whether a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor induces gastrointestinal damage in the presence of a low dose of indomethacin and investigated the ulcerogenic mechanism in relation to COX-2 expression. Rats with or without 18-h fasting were administered rofecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor; 10 or 30 mg/kg p.o.) in the absence or presence of indomethacin (3 mg/kg p.o.), and the gastric or intestinal mucosa was examined 8 and 24 h later, respectively. Neither indomethacin nor rofecoxib alone caused damage in the stomach or small intestine. However, indomethacin damaged the small intestine in the presence of rofecoxib, yet the same treatment did not damage the stomach. Indomethacin reduced the mucosal PGE2 content in both tissues, whereas rofecoxib did not. The COX-2 mRNA was up-regulated in the intestine but not the stomach after indomethacin treatment, and the reduced PGE2 content was significantly recovered later only in the small intestine, in a rofecoxib-inhibitable manner. Indomethacin produced hypermotility in the small intestine but not the stomach, whereas rofecoxib had no effect. These results suggest that the PG deficiency caused by a low dose of indomethacin produces hypermotility and COX-2 expression in the small intestine but not the stomach, resulting in damage when COX-2 is inhibited. It is assumed that the hypermotility response is a key event in the expression of COX-2 and thereby important in the development of mucosal damage in the gastrointestinal tract.
IMU-compensated image segmentation for improved vision-based control performance

Traditionally, image segmentation algorithms are viewed as black-box measurement sources. In this work, the system-level formulation of closed-loop tracking is reformulated under the assumption of access to physical sensor data in addition to the video stream. The scope is restricted to algorithms that iteratively minimize a functional to localize the target in each image frame. A nominal iterative algorithm is an open-loop system; IMU data is then used to generate a control to modify the algorithm's behavior and thus create a closed-loop system. Compensating using IMU data in a feedback setting creates the possibility of induced track loss, whereby the compensation effectively undoes the action of the motion control. This issue is overcome by solving an optimization program that exploits known control intent to separate ego-motion disturbances from the control. As a result, the reformulation proposed in this paper enables improved tracking of a fast-moving target even in the presence of strong disturbances/jitter in the camera platform.
Seismic imaging of the Canadian upper mantle

Upper-mantle structure beneath Canada is investigated at both large and smal l scales, using the broadband, three-component data set of the Canadian Na t iona l Seismograph Network. In the large-scale study, 500 surface-wave waveforms are processed using par t i t ioned wave form inversion, y ie ld ing an 5-wave velocity model of the Canad ian upper mantle w i t h resolution down to 400 k m . Th i s is the first surface-wave based 3-D model of Canada and offers improved resolution over the body-wave model of G r a n d (1994). The model displays two large-scale anomalies: a high-velocity structure beneath the Canad ian shield and platform associated w i t h the cratonic keel, and pronounced low velocities beneath the Cordi l le ra . The velocity contrast between these features is strong (~ 10%) and sharp, occurring over distances of 600 k m or less. H i g h velocities persist to depths of ~ 250 k m beneath the N o r t h Amer i can craton, which I interpret to represent the base of the continental keel. Moderate ly low velocities beneath the St Lawrence valley region and Labrador may be related to intracontinental volcanism and rift ing, respectively. A t smaller scales, seismic discontinuities in the upper mantle lead to the scattering of teleseismic P waves into Ps conversions and free-surface multiples. The teleseismic P-wave coda thus provides constraints on small-scale, layered upper-mantle structure, inc luding anisotropy and layer d ip . I develop an efficient high-frequency method for characterizing upper mantle structure beneath a single station i n the presence of interface dip and anisotropy, using it to model synthetic data and seismograms from C N S N station Y K W 3 (Yellowknife, N W T ) . In order to automate the recovery of upper-mantle models from C N S N datasets, I combine the forward-modeling scheme w i t h the Monte Carlo-based neighborhood a lgor i thm of Sambridge (1999) to invert receiver-function data. The combined approach is applied to synthetic waveforms, successfully constraining layer velocities and thicknesses, the degree and orientation of anisotropy, and the dip of interfaces. A p p l i e d to real data, the method provides strong constraints on crustal velocities and thicknesses beneath stations G A C (Quebec), S A D O (Ontario) , and U L M (Mani toba) . In addi t ion, i t is used to determine the orientation of anisotropic fabric beneath Y K W 3 , and the structural dip of the Cascadia subduct ion zone beneath stat ion P G C (southern Vancouver Island).
Multispacecraft observation of magnetic cloud erosion by magnetic reconnection during propagation

During propagation, Magnetic Clouds (MC) interact with their environment and, in particular, may reconnect with the solar wind around it, eroding away part of its initial magnetic flux. Here we quantitatively analyze such an interaction using combined, multipoint observations of the same MC flux rope by STEREO A, B, ACE, WIND and THEMIS on November 19-20, 2007. Observation of azimuthal magnetic flux imbalance inside a MC flux rope has been argued to stem from erosion due to magnetic reconnection at its front boundary. The present study adds to such analysis a large set of signatures expected from this erosion process. (1) Comparison of azimuthal flux imbalance for the same MC at widely separated points precludes the crossing of the MC leg as a source of bias in flux imbalance estimates. (2) The use of different methods, associated errors and parametric analyses show that only an unexpectedly large error in MC axis orientation could explain the azimuthal flux imbalance. (3) Reconnection signatures are observed at the MC front at all spacecraft, consistent with an ongoing erosion process. (4) Signatures in suprathermal electrons suggest that the trailing part of the MC has a different large-scale magnetic topology, as expected. The azimuthal magnetic flux erosion estimated at ACE and STEREO A corresponds respectively to 44% and 49% of the inferred initial azimuthal magnetic flux before MC erosion upon propagation. The corresponding average reconnection rate during transit is estimated to be in the range 0.12-0.22 mV/m, suggesting most of the erosion occurs in the inner parts of the heliosphere. Future studies ought to quantify the influence of such an erosion process on geo-effectiveness. ©2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Subcortical aphasia and neglect in acute stroke: the role of cortical hypoperfusion.

We have hypothesized that most cases of aphasia or hemispatial neglect due to acute, subcortical infarct can be accounted for by concurrent cortical hypoperfusion. To test this hypothesis, we demonstrate: (i) that pure subcortical infarctions are associated with cortical hypoperfusion in subjects with aphasia/neglect; (ii) that reversal of cortical hypoperfusion is associated with resolution of the aphasia; and (iii) that aphasia/neglect strongly predicts cortical ischaemia and/or hypoperfusion. We prospectively evaluated a consecutive series of 115 patients who presented within 24 h of onset or progression of stroke symptoms, with MRI sequences including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion weighted imaging (PWI), and detailed testing for aphasia or hemispatial neglect. The association between aphasia or neglect and cortical infarct (or dense ischaemia) on DWI and cortical hypoperfusion indicated by PWI, was evaluated with chi-squared analyses. Fisher exact tests were used for analyses with small samples. Cases of DWI lesion restricted to subcortical white matter and/or grey matter structures (n = 44) were examined for the presence of aphasia or neglect, and for the presence of cortical hypoperfusion. In addition, subjects who received intervention to restore perfusion were evaluated with DWI, PWI, and cognitive tests before and after intervention. Finally, the positive predictive value of the cognitive deficits for identifying cortical abnormalities on DWI and PWI were calculated from all patients. Of the subjects with only subcortical lesions on DWI in this study (n = 44), all those who had aphasia or neglect showed concurrent cortical hypoperfusion. Among the patients who received intervention that successfully restored cortical perfusion, 100% (six out of six) showed immediate resolution of aphasia. In the 115 patients, aphasia and neglect were much more strongly associated with cortical hypoperfusion (chi(2) = 57.3 for aphasia; chi(2) = 28.7 for neglect; d.f. = 1; P < 0.000001 for each), than with cortical infarct/ischaemia on DWI (chi(2) = 8.5 for aphasia; chi(2) = 9.7 for neglect; d.f. = 1; P < 0.005 for each). Aphasia showed a much higher positive predictive value for cortical abnormality on PWI (95%) than on DWI (62%), as did neglect (100% positive predictive value for PWI versus 74% for DWI). From these data we conclude that aphasia and neglect due to acute subcortical stroke can be largely explained by cortical hypoperfusion.
Dream Teens: Adolescents-Led Participatory Project in Portugal in the Context of the Economic Recession

This article describes the implementation process of a nationwide project to enhance young people’s participation and active citizenship in the context of Portugal’s economic recession. This project used an innovative Positive Youth Development approach that engaged Portuguese youth (aged 11-18 years) through social media tools to facilitate their civic engagement and development. Participants from all over the country were empowered (1) to design and conduct research activities on topics of their choice and about their life contexts and (2) to create ways to improve youth civic participation in their communities, while developing supportive interactions with adults and peers. Overall, youth were engaged in their activities, felt their voices were heard, and felt that they were viewed as experts of their own well-being and living contexts. Youth research actions and preliminary findings were then compiled in a set of recommendations that was formally received by a high commissioner of the Ministry of Health. The article concludes with a discussion of the next steps for the project and its limitations so far.
Replication study for the association of rs391300 in SRR and rs17584499 in PTPRD with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in a Japanese population

Genetic risk variants for type 2 diabetes; rs391300‐G in SRR and rs17584499‐T in PTPRD, have been identified by a genome‐wide association study using Han Chinese individuals living in Taiwan. In an attempt to know the effects of these two variants in conferring susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the Japanese, we carried out a replication study for the association of the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with type 2 diabetes in a Japanese population.
A comparative evaluation of modern fracture casting materials.

This paper reports on a comparative investigation into the mechanical and handling properties of a selection of currently marketed bandage-form casting materials. The aim of the investigation was to develop a quantitative evaluation of available materials for use in the particular application of femoral fracture bracing. A field survey of Northern Ireland hospitals was conducted which showed that certain handling properties were important to those actually using the materials. A series of engineering and handling tests were developed on the basis of the replies received and executed on each of the materials. It was found that all the modern synthetic casting materials performed better than plaster of Paris. The findings of the investigation and the results of the field survey will be of interest to anyone involved in the application of the new materials and also to those manufacturing them.