Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hitching a ride: First record of a Least Chipmunk ( Tamias minimus ) in eastern Nebraska

On 10 October 2016, a Least Chipmunk (Tamias minimus) was discovered in a residential area of Lincoln, Lancaster County, Nebraska. The closest populations of Least Chipmunks reside > 640 km to the west in northwestern Nebraska and southeastern Wyoming. The most parsimonious explanation for this unusual observation is that the chipmunk was transported to the city by humans. A likely scenario is that the chipmunk hitched a ride to Lincoln in a motor vehicle on 2 October 2016, when one of us drove 1500 km in a single day from Jackson, Teton County, Wyoming, after residing in that area for 10 days. To further support this hypothesis, the chipmunk ran multiple times to the wheel of a vehicle in the driveway when fleeing from a nearby birdfeeder in Lincoln. Seeking refuge in the wheel demonstrates that the individual was familiar with this unusual retreat and likely was a stowaway in the vehicle. We predict this dispersal event will not lead to an isolated, disjunct population in Lincoln.
Clinical applications of real-time FMRI neurofeedback training : premises, promises, and pitfalls

Neurofeedback training represents a form of biofeedback training with a history of over 50 years. During neurofeedback training participants aim to gain control over a feedback signal that represents the activity of a brain region or network of interest. As such, it holds promise for clinical translation as an add-on treatment for psychiatric and neurological conditions. Yet, currently available evidence for its therapeutic efficacy remains limited. Originally provided based on cortical signals measured with electroencephalography (EEG), methodological developments have allowed providing neurofeedback based on (cortical and subcortical) brain signals acquired from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The aim of this thesis was to test the feasibility and clinical efficacy of fMRI neurofeedback (fMRI-NF) training in a psychiatric population and to develop protocols that allow translating the technique to motor rehabilitation. Specifically, this thesis summarises the clinical and neuroimaging results from a randomised controlled trial conducted in patients suffering from depression. Depression represents a leading cause of disability in adults and epidemiological data indicates that up to one third of patients remain depressed after treatment. Another focus was the development of a motor imagery-based fMRI-NF protocol in healthy participants. This work has informed a proof-of-concept study for motor rehabilitation in stroke survivors, for which the methodology was preregistered on a public platform before data collection started to increase transparency. The thesis aims to address problematic research practices that have been attributed to the replication crisis in many areas of science, including a clear separation of planned and exploratory hypotheses and the use and adaptation of alternative statistical methods. A review chapter discusses potential electrophysiological target signatures for EEG-NF to improve motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease patients. The thesis concludes with a discussion of current premises, promises, and pitfalls in clinical applications of neurofeedback training and considerations for clinical trials development.
Mind the step: A more insightful and robust analysis of the sentencing process in England and Wales under the new sentencing guidelines

The ‘England and Wales Sentencing Guidelines’ aim to promote consistency by organizing the sentencing process as a sequence of steps, with initial judicial assessments subsequently adjusted to reflect relevant case characteristics. Yet, existing evaluations of the guidelines have failed to incorporate this structure adequately, instead concentrating solely on sentence outcomes. We use multivariate multilevel models to offer new insights into the decisions made throughout the sentencing process. Focusing on cases of assault sentenced at the Crown Court we show that the level of compliance with the guidelines is high. However, we also show that some case characteristics are being unduly considered at more than one stage of the sentencing process, meaning existing studies may be underestimating their true influence.
CYTOGENETIC BIOMARKERS APPLIED FOR OCCUPATIONAL CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT PhD THESES

2. Jakab M, Major J, Tompa A. (1995): Négyvégpontos genotoxikológiai monitorozás történeti és ipari kontroll populációban. Magyar Onkológia, 39:Suppl. 81. Abstract. (In Hungarian) 3. Major J, Jakab M, Tompa A. (1995): Daganat-rizikóbecslés citosztatikummal exponált egészségügyi dolgozókban. Magyar Onkológia, 39:Suppl. 84. Abstract. (In Hungarian) 4. Jakab M, Major J, Tompa A. (1995): Genotoxicological investigations in nurses preparing cytostatic infusions. Centr. Eur. J. Occup. Env. Med. 1:365. Abstract. 5. Major J, Jakab M, Megyesi Á, Tompa, A. (1996): Follow-up cytogenetic investigation of benzeneexposed workers: Dose-related changes in chromosome aberration yields. Centr. Eur. J. Occup. Env. Med. 2:76. Abstract. 6. Major J. (1997): A prevenciós szemlélet filozófiai háttere. Magyar Onkológia, 41:Suppl. 221. Abstract. (In Hungarian) 7. Jakab M, Major J, Tompa A. (1997): Négyvégpontos genotoxikológiai vizsgálatok citosztatikum gyártók és citosztatikumokkal exponált nõvérek körében. Magyar Onkológia, 41:Suppl. 226. Abstract. (In Hungarian) 8. Major J, Jakab M, Tompa A: Genotoxic effects of air pollution in different areas of Budapest, Hungary. Centr. Eur. J. Occup. Env. Med. 3:39. Abstract. 9. Jakab M, Major J, Tompa A. (1997): Follow-up four end-point genotoxicological monitoring among Adriamycin producing workers. Centr. Eur. J. Occup. Env. Med. 3:340. Abstract. 10. Major J., Jakab M. , Tompa A. (1999.): Járulékos citogenetikai végpontok alkalmazása a rizikóbecslésben. Magyar Onkológia, 43: 283. Abstract. (In Hungarian) 11. Tompa A. , Major J., Jakab M. (1999.): Környezeti és munkahelyi expozíciók együtthatásának következményei az egri kórházi nővérekre. Magyar Onkológia, 43: 283-284. (In Hungarian)
Determination of optimal thermal parameters for brushless permanent magnet motor design

This paper describes the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and lumped-circuit analysis in the optimisation of brushless permanent magnet servo-motor thermal design. As CFD is time consuming for data input and has long execution times a transient lumped-circuit package was developed to speed up the design process. CFD data relating to convection heat-transfer from various types of housing and flange mounted cooling plates has been used to formulate algorithms suitable for inclusion in the lumped-circuit model. This work has been used to-develop a range of servo-motors having improved torque per unit volume. This is achieved firstly by maximising the natural convection cooling using a radially finned housing. Secondly, the thermal resistance between winding and housing is minimised by the correct choice of internal dimensions and materials.
The Southern Hemisphere and equatorial region ionization response for a 22 September 1999 severe magnetic storm

Abstract. The ionospheric storm evolution process was monitored during the 22 September 1999 magnetic storm over the Australian eastern region, through measurements of the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) from seven Global Positioning Systems (GPS) stations. The spatial and temporal variations of the ionosphere were analysed as a time series of TEC maps. Results of our analysis show that the main ionospheric effect of the storm under consideration are: the long lasting negative storm effect during a magnetic storm at mid-latitude regions; the strong, positive disturbances during the storm's main phase at auroral latitude regions; the effects of storm-induced equatorward directed wind causing a positive disturbance at high and mid-latitude stations with appropriate time shift between higher and lower latitudes; daytime poleward movement of depleted plasma that causes temporary suppression of the equatorial anomaly during the start of the storm recovery phase; and prompt penetration of eastward electric fields to ionospheric altitudes and the production of nearly simultaneous TEC enhancement at all latitudes. In general, we found dominant negative disturbance over mid and high latitudes and positive disturbance at low latitudes. A comparison of storm-time behaviour of TEC determined from GPS satellites, and foF2 derived from ionosondes at a range of latitudes, showed reasonable agreement between the two independent measurements.
BMN operators from Wilson loop

We show that the BMN operators arise from the expansion of the Wilson loop in four-dimensional = 4 super Yang-Mills theory. The Wilson loop we consider is obtained from ``dimensional reduction'' of ten-dimensional = 1 super Yang-Mills theory, and it contains six scalar fields as well as the gauge field. We expand the Wilson loop twice. First we expand it in powers of the fluctuations around a BPS loop configuration. Then we further expand each term in the result of the first step in powers of the scalar field Z associated with the BPS configuration. We find that each operator in this expansion with large number of Z is the BMN operator. The number of fluctuations corresponds to the number of impurities, and the phase factor of each BMN operator is supplied correctly. We have to impose the locally supersymmetric condition on the loop for obtaining the complete form of the BMN operators including the correction terms with . Our observation suggests the correspondence between the Wilson loop and the string field.
Ram pressure stripping of spiral galaxies in clusters

We use three-dimensional SPH/N-body simulations to study ram pressure stripping of gas from spiral galaxies orbiting in clusters. We find that the analytic expectation of Gunn & Gott, relating the gravitational restoring force provided by the disc to the ram pressure force, provides a good approximation to the radius at which gas will be stripped from a galaxy. However, at small radii it is also important to consider the potential provided by the bulge component. A spiral galaxy passing through the core of a rich cluster, such as Coma, will have its gaseous disc truncated to ∼4 kpc, thus losing ∼80 per cent of its diffuse gas mass. The time-scale for this to occur is a fraction of a crossing time ∼107 yr. Galaxies orbiting within poorer clusters, or inclined to the direction of motion through the intracluster medium, will lose significantly less gas. We conclude that ram pressure alone is insufficient to account for the rapid and widespread truncation of star formation observed in cluster galaxies, or the morphological transformation of Sabs to S0s that is necessary to explain the Butcher–Oemler effect.
Evaluating Risk Assessment Instruments for Intimate Partner Stalking and Intimate Partner Violence

Research indicates that most stalking victims are harassed by a prior intimate partner and that this group of victims is at a higher risk for violence than other stalking victims. Furthermore, many researchers found a relationship between prior intimate partner stalking (IPS) and intimate partner violence (IPV). The present study focused on identification of overlapping and unique risk factors among IPS and IPV offenders. This was done by examining the accuracy and utility of abridged versions of the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER) and the Guidelines for Stalking Assessment and Management (SAM) in a sample of 158 low-risk offenders charged with crimes targeting an intimate partner. Follow-up ranged from one to 8.5 years; outcome variables were renewed (or continued) stalking and violent reoffending. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated that both instruments had weak, nonsignificant predictive validity for both violent or stalking reoffending when considered in isolation. However, each instrument added significantly to the logistic regression model when predicting stalking recidivism when entered after the PCL:SV and relevant covariates, but neither improved predictive accuracy when added after the other was already in the model. Neither instrument added to logistic regression models predicting violent reoffending. Analysis of individual items revealed that items measuring distress and violations of supervision (SAM) and violations of court orders (B-SAFER) were the most consistent predictors of renewed stalking but not violence. The findings of this study question the utility of these tools for predicting violent reoffending but provide qualified support for the prediction of stalking.
Separating hippocampal maps

The place elds of hippocampal cells in old animals sometimes change when an animal is removed from and then returned to an environment [Barnes et al., 1997]. The ensemble correlation between two sequential visits to the same environment shows a strong bimodality for old animals (near 0, indicative of remapping, and greater than 0.7, indicative of a similar representation between experiences), but a strong unimodality for young animals (greater than 0.7, indicative of a similar representation between experiences). One explanation for this is the multi-map hypothesis in which multiple maps are encoded in the hippocampus: old animals may sometimes be returning to the wrong map. A theory proposed by Samsonovich and McNaughton (1997) suggests that the Barnes et al. experiment implies that the maps are pre-wired in the CA3 region of hippocampus. Here, we o er an alternative explanation in which orthogonalization properties in the dentate gyrus (DG) region of hippocampus interact with errors in self-localization (reset of the path integrator on re-entry into the environment) to produce the bimodality. To appear in: Spatial Functions of the Hippocampal Formation and the Parietal Cortex, edited by Neil Burgess, Kathryn Je ery, and John O'Keefe. Oxford University Press. Author's current address: NSMA, University of Arizona, Life Sciences North Bldg, Rm. 384, PO Box 24-5115, Tucson AZ 85724. Electronic mail address: adr@nsma.arizona. edu Electronic mail address: dst@cs.cmu. edu
SUB-PIXEL LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES

Over the last few years, support vector machines (SVMs) have shown a great potential as classifiers for remotely sensed data. Generally, these have been used to perform conventional hard classification where each pixel is allocated to only one class. Remote sensing images, particularly at coarse spatial resolutions, are contaminated with mixed pixels that contain more than one class on the ground. Hard classification process may result in erroneous classification of images dominated by mixed pixels. Therefore, sub-pixel classification approaches that decompose the pixel into its class constituents in the form of class proportions have been advocated. In this paper, we propose a SVM based algorithm for sub-pixel land cover classification. The proposed SVM based algorithm uses probability estimates for multiclass classification by pairwise coupling. The algorithm is employed to produce sub-pixel land cover classification from a Landsat ETM+ image. Classification accuracy achieved is assessed using three measures, namely, the overall accuracy obtained from a fuzzy error matrix, the squared correlation coefficient, and the root mean squared error. The results are compared with the posterior probabilities derived from the maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) and the fuzzy classification based on MLC. Our experiments show that accuracy obtained from the proposed algorithm is significantly higher than the two bench-marked classifiers. Thus, the outputs from SVM based algorithm can be used to reflect the actual class composition of the pixels on ground.
Gauging the Impact of Gender Grammaticization in Different Languages: Application of a Linguistic-Visual Paradigm

Employing a linguistic-visual paradigm, we investigated whether the grammaticization of gender information impacts readers’ gender representations. French and German were taken as comparative languages, taking into account the male gender bias associated to both languages, as well as the comparative gender biases associated to their plural determiners (French: les [generic] vs. German: die [morphologically feminine]). Bilingual speakers of French and German had to judge whether a pair of facial images representing two men or a man and a woman could represent a gender stereotypical role noun prime (e.g., nurses). The prime was presented in the masculine plural form with or without a plural determiner. Results indicated that the overt grammaticization of the male gender in the masculine form dominated the representation of the role nouns (though interpretable as generic). However, the effect of the determiner was not found, indicating that only gender information associated to a human reference role noun had impacted readers’ representations. The results, discussed in the framework of the thinking-for-speaking hypothesis, demonstrated that linguistic-visual paradigms are well-suited to gauge the impact of both stereotype information and grammaticization when processing role nouns.
Parenting Stress Index

In This Issue . Healthy Families New York staff use the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) with families to help identify the stressors they may be experiencing with parenting. In this issue of The Link, we take a closer look at how we are using this tool. Read about how programs orient and train staff to use the PSI, how the PSI has helped home visitors to better help families, some tips gathered from interviews with home visitors and supervisors about how they effectively use the tool, and what we’ve learned about families from looking at the PSI data we’ve collected. We even have a PSI quiz for you take, but you can only get the answers by visiting the Healthy Families New York website at www.healthyfamiliesnewyork. org. This issue’s Milky Way focuses on how breastfeeding can decrease stress for new parents. We have a Spotlight on our colleagues at Healthy Families of Sullivan. And, as always, we share news and photos about the creative and important work going on in our statewide system.
2-Pentanone Production from Hexanoic Acid by Penicillium roqueforti from Blue Cheese: Is This the Pathway Used in Humans?

Production of 2-pentanone, a methylketone, is increased in fasting ketotic humans. Its origin is unknown. We hypothesised that it is formed via β-oxidation of hexanoic acid by the peroxisomal pathway proposed for methylketone-producing fungi and yeasts. We used Penicillium roqueforti cultured on fat (margarine) to investigate 2-pentanone production. Headspace gas of incubates of the mould with a range of substrates was analysed using solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Consistent with the proposed pathway, 2-pentanone was formed from hexanoic acid, hexanoyl-CoA, hexanoylcarnitine, and ethyl-3-oxohexanoic acid but not from ethylhexanoic, 2-ethylhexanoic, octanoic, or myristic acids, octanoylcarnitine, or pentane. However, the products from deuterated (D) hexanoic-D11 acid and hexanoic-2, 2-D2 acid were 9D- and 2D-2-pentanone, respectively, and not 8D- and 1D-2-pentanone as predicted. When incubated under 18O2/14N2, there was only a very small enrichment of [16O2]- with [18O2]-containing 2-pentanone. These are new observations. They could be explained if hydrogen ions removed from hexanoyl-CoA by acyl-CoA oxidase at the commencement of β-oxidation were cycled through hydrogen peroxide and reentered the pathway through hydration of hexenoyl-CoA. This would protect other proteins from oxidative damage. Formation of 2-pentanone through a β-oxidation cycle similar to Penicillium roqueforti would be consistent with observations in humans.
Effects of selected pesticides on calico scale and its natural enemies

Quesada, Carlos R. M.S., Purdue University, December 2013. Effects of Selected Pesticides on Calico Scale and its Natural Enemies. Major Professor: Clifford S. Sadof, College of Agriculture Calico scale (Eulecanium cerasorum) is an exotic pest of shade and ornamental trees. It feeds on phloem sap, reduces tree vigor and can ultimately kill trees. We observed effects of four foliar applied (bifenthrin, pyriproxyfen, chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole) and two soil applied pesticides (dinotefuran, imidacloprid) on calico scales and their natural enemies on infested thornless honeylocust trees (Gleditsia triacanthos inermis) over three years. Bifenthrin, dinotefuran and cyantraniliprole provided the largest reductions in scale populations when they were applied to egg laying females on branches early in the season. In contrast, bifenthrin and pyriproxyfen provided the most consistent reductions in scales when they were applied to settled scales on leaves later in the season. None of the insecticides reduced natural enemy abundance when they were applied to egg laying females. In contrast, bifenthrin and pyriproxyfen reduced natural enemy abundance when they were applied to settled scales on leaves. Laboratory assays indicated that foliar applications of bifenthrin were highly toxic to larval Chrysoperla rufilabris (Chrysopidae: Neuroptera), 4 DAT but not 50 DAT. In contrast, toxicity of pyriproxyfen and chlorantraniliprole were moderately toxic to C. rufilabris at 4 DAT and 50 DAT. This suggests physiological selectivity of a pesticide
Pseudolite Augmentation for GPS Aided Aerial Photogrammetry : An Analysis of Systematic Errors

GPS has been widely used as a geo-referencing tool in aerial surveying. However, the accuracy and availability of GPS positioning cannot meet the stringent requirements of large-scale photogrammetry. Ground-based pseudolites can strengthen measurement geometry for GPS based airborne geo-referencing systems. As a result, positioning accuracy and reliability can be improved, especially in the vertical component. However, as pseudolites are comparatively close to receivers, some challenging issues in systematic error analyses and modeling need to be further investigated. In this paper, the major systematic errors related to pseudolites, such as tropospheric delay, multipath and pseudolite location errors are analysed, and their impacts on the performance of an integrated GPS/Pseudolite airborne georeference system are presented.
Integrative Genomic Analysis Identifies Isoleucine and CodY as Regulators of Listeria monocytogenes Virulence

Intracellular bacterial pathogens are metabolically adapted to grow within mammalian cells. While these adaptations are fundamental to the ability to cause disease, we know little about the relationship between the pathogen's metabolism and virulence. Here we used an integrative Metabolic Analysis Tool that combines transcriptome data with genome-scale metabolic models to define the metabolic requirements of Listeria monocytogenes during infection. Twelve metabolic pathways were identified as differentially active during L. monocytogenes growth in macrophage cells. Intracellular replication requires de novo synthesis of histidine, arginine, purine, and branch chain amino acids (BCAAs), as well as catabolism of L-rhamnose and glycerol. The importance of each metabolic pathway during infection was confirmed by generation of gene knockout mutants in the respective pathways. Next, we investigated the association of these metabolic requirements in the regulation of L. monocytogenes virulence. Here we show that limiting BCAA concentrations, primarily isoleucine, results in robust induction of the master virulence activator gene, prfA, and the PrfA-regulated genes. This response was specific and required the nutrient responsive regulator CodY, which is known to bind isoleucine. Further analysis demonstrated that CodY is involved in prfA regulation, playing a role in prfA activation under limiting conditions of BCAAs. This study evidences an additional regulatory mechanism underlying L. monocytogenes virulence, placing CodY at the crossroads of metabolism and virulence.