Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Outcome Following Surgical Treatment of Intra-Articular Distal Humeral Fractures Through a Posterior Approach*

Background: While surgical repair is considered the standard of care of displaced intra-articular distal humeral fractures, most investigators have assessed its results with use of surgeon-based and/or radiograph-based outcome measures. The purpose of our study was to determine the functional outcome of fixation of displaced intra-articular distal humeral fractures with use of a standardized evaluation methodology consisting of objective testing of muscle strength and use of patient-based questionnaires (both limb-specific and general health-status questionnaires). Methods: We identified twenty-five patients (fourteen male and eleven female), with a mean age of forty-seven years, who had an isolated, closed, displaced, intercondylar, intra-articular fracture of the distal part of the humerus repaired operatively through a posterior approach and fixed with plates on both the medial and the lateral column. All patients returned for follow-up that included recording of a complete history, physical examination, radiographic examination, completion of both a limb-specific questionnaire (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH]) and a general health-status questionnaire (Short Form-36 [SF-36]), and objective muscle-strength testing. Results: The mean duration of follow-up was thirty-seven months (range, eighteen to seventy-five months). The mean flexion contracture was 25 degrees (range, 5 to 65 degrees), and the mean arc of flexion-extension was 108 degrees (range, 55 to 140 degrees). Significant decreases in mean muscle strength compared with that on the normal side were seen in both elbow flexion measured at 90 degrees (74 percent of normal, p = 0.01) and elbow extension measured at 45 degrees (76 percent of normal, p = 0.01), 90 degrees (74 percent of normal, p = 0.01), and 120 degrees (75 percent of normal, p = 0.01). The mean DASH score was 20 points, indicating mild residual impairment. The SF-36 scores revealed minor but significant decreases in the role-physical and physical function scores (p = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively) but no alteration of the mental component or mean scores. Six patients (24 percent) had a reoperation; three of them had removal of prominent hardware used to fix the site of an olecranon osteotomy. Conclusions: The surgical repair of an intra-articular distal humeral fracture is an effective procedure that reliably maintains general health status as measured by patient-based questionnaires. Our study quantified a decrease in the range of motion and muscle strength of these patients, which may help to explain the mild residual physical impairment detected by the limb-specific outcome measures and physical function components of the general health-status measures.
Accurately Identifying and Comparing Sustainable Tourists, Nature-Based Tourists, and Ecotourists on the Basis of Their Environmental Concerns

The current study, using a confirmatory factor analysis, developed a multi-item scale consisting of 3 dimensions that exhibited necessary reliability and validity. Based on this Nature-Based, Eco- and Sustainable Tourists (NES)-scale, and by utilizing a cluster analysis, the study identifies 4 distinct segments among a sample of the Norwegian population: nature-based tourists, ecotourists, sustainable tourists, and mass tourists. The analysis shows that while the ecotourists make up the largest segment, the mass tourists represent the smallest segment. Using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the resulting 4 segments are later compared on the basis of their environmental concerns. The findings suggest that the ecotourists are the most environmentally concerned whereas the mass tourists are the least environmentally concerned. Finally, based upon the overall findings of the study, a new inductive model is developed. This model highlights the interaction between different types of alternative tourists and mass tourists, by showing, inter alia, that nature-based tourism has over the years become a form of mass tourism. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are also discussed.
Family Planning in Substance Use Disorder Treatment Centers: Opportunities and Challenges

ABSTRACT Background: Alcohol, tobacco, and drug use during pregnancy can cause a range of adverse birth outcomes. Promoting family planning among women with substance use disorders (SUD) can help reduce substance exposed pregnancies. Objectives: We conducted qualitative research to determine the acceptability and feasibility of offering family planning education and services SUD treatment centers. Methods: Focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with clients, staff and medical providers at three treatment centers. Interviews were transcribed and data was analyzed using a flexible coding scheme. Results: Clients reported being interested in family planning services while they were in treatment. Most preferred to receive these services onsite. Providers also felt that services should be received onsite, though cited several barriers to implementation, including time constraints and staff levels of comfort with the subject. Conclusions/Importance: Women in SUD treatment are open to the integration of family planning services into treatment. Treatment centers have the opportunity to serve as models of client-centered health homes that offer a variety of educational, preventive, and medical services for women in both treatment and recovery.
Mentoring in higher education: does it enhance mentees’ research productivity?

Mentoring programs are increasingly widespread in academia. Still, comparatively little is known about their effects. With the help of a self-collected dataset of 368 researchers in two different fields and accounting for self-selection via matching techniques, we find mentees in formal mentoring programs to be more productive than comparable researchers who do not participate in a formal program – irrespective of whether these instead have an informal mentor or not. Informal mentoring relationships, to the contrary, do not positively affect mentees’ research productivity.
Non-Deliverable Forwards Market for Indian Rupee: An Empirical Study

This paper looks at NDF Rupee market more closely, focusing on activity in these markets overtime and reasons for possible growth. It empirically tests the linkages between spot, domestic forward and NDF markets for Indian Rupee using Granger causality tests, cointegration tests and ARCH-GARCH models, over the period January, 2007 to April, 2009. The paper looks at changes in dynamics of these linkages with advent of exchange traded currency derivatives markets in the country in September, 2008. Tests indicate that NDF markets are now exerting increased influence on the domestic currency markets through spillover effects and better information content. Thus, the policy makers may need to take a closer look at these markets as there could be risks in overlooking as the Indian regulators seek to keep short-term capital movements under control.
THE LEGITIMIZING POWER OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN THE SALVATION ARMY IN ENGLAND, 1865–1892

Since its inception the Salvation Army has relied heavily on external funds to survive. There is evidence to suggest that at the time of its founding, in 19th century England, and in its early years, financial statements played a powerful legitimizing role. This was crucial to an organization like The Salvation Army, newly formed and in desperate need of funds. This view is consistent with institutional theory, which emphasizes the importance of such legitimacy. However, it challenges the notion, prevalent in academic literature on accounting in religious organizations, that there is a resistance to the use of accounting as a “secular” activity in an organization with a “sacred” mission. The societal context of the early Salvation Army, the unique characteristics of William Booth, its founder, and its struggle for survival in its early years, all demonstrate an emphasis on an image of financial responsibility, and a reliance on the Army's audited financial statements to convey that image.
Testing Linear Factor Models on Individual Stocks Using the Average F Test

In this paper, we propose the average F -statistic for testing linear asset pricing models. The average pricing error, captured in the statistic, is of more interest than the ex post maximum pricing error of the multivariate F -statistic that is associated with extreme long and short positions and excessively sensitive to small perturbations in the estimates of asset means and covariances. The average F -test can be applied to thousands of individual stocks and thus is free from the information loss or the data-snooping biases from grouping. This test is robust to ellipticity, and more importantly, our simulation and bootstrapping results show that the power of the average F -test continues to increase as the number of stocks increases. Empirical tests using individual stocks from 1967 to 2006 demonstrate that the popular four-factor model (i.e. Fama-French three factors and momentum) is rejected in two sub-periods from 1967 to 1971 and from 1982 to 1986.
ANALYTICAL PROPERTIES OF EARNED ECONOMIC INCOME—A RESPONSE AND EXTENSION

Abstract This note welcomes and responds to Ken Peasnell's (1995) paper on the analytical properties of EEI. It clarifies Grinyer's thinking on a number of issues where it differs from the interpretation provided by Peasnell. The potential difficulties arising from the aggregation of flows of multiple mutually dependent projects under certainty is acknowledged and illustrated. Grinyer's 1987 paper proposed a solution to the problem which is amplified and developed further. The position of EEI under uncertainty is then considered. The paper considers the choice between a risk-adjusted and a risk-free rate of interest. It proposes the adoption of the latter and outlines the consequences for the concept of EEI. Peasnell discussed the reliability of EEI figures in an uncertain environment with possibilities of management manipulation of estimates. This issue is addressed and it is argued that relatively EEI may be more robust in this context than he implied.
Does life insurance activity promote economic development in India: an empirical analysis

Purpose – The role of financial institutions and financial intermediaries in fostering the economic growth by improving the efficiency of capital accumulation, encouraging savings and ultimately improving the productivity of the economy has been well accepted by now. Recent studies show that the insurance industry can improve the economic growth through financial intermediation, risk aversion and generating employment. This study aims to find the relationship between life insurance industry and economic development in India.Design/methodology/approach – The study uses the VAR‐VECM model to find out the long run and short run relationship (if any) between life insurance growth and economic growth along with Granger causality test to suggest any causal relationship.Findings – This study finds that there is long term relationship between life insurance industry and economic development in India. And the Granger causality test suggests that life insurance sector improves the overall economic development in In.
Forecasting the weekly time-varying beta of UK firms: GARCH models vs. Kalman filter method

This paper investigates the forecasting ability of three different Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models and the Kalman filter method. The three GARCH models applied are: bivariate GARCH, BEKK GARCH, and GARCH-GJR. Forecast errors based on 20 UK company's weekly stock return (based on time-varying beta) forecasts are employed to evaluate the out-of-sample forecasting ability of both the GARCH models and the Kalman method. Measures of forecast errors overwhelmingly support the Kalman filter approach. Among the GARCH models, GJR appears to provide somewhat more accurate forecasts than the two other GARCH models.
Vascular factors in dementia and apathy

The number of individuals suffering from dementia is expected to rise significantly in the future. Because so far no curative treatment exists, prevention remains paramount. A large body of evidence points to the direction of an important role of vascular risk factors in the aetiology of dementia and it has been hypothesized that these factors could represent an important target for dementia prevention in older individuals. This thesis presents the findings from the Prevention of Dementia by Intensive Vascular Care study, a large cluster-randomised controlled trial that was executed in primary care to assess whether nurse-led intensive vascular care compared to usual care can prevent dementia and all-cause disability in community-dwelling older adults. Although the intervention did not reduce the incidence of all-cause dementia, subgroup analyses suggested beneficial effects in individuals who were adherent to the intervention, especially those with untreated baseline hypertension. Vascular factors have also been assumed to contribute to the aetiology of apathy symptoms in old age. The second aim of this thesis was to assess whether symptoms of apathy and depression are differentially associated with future cardiovascular disease and stroke in community-dwelling older individuals and to assess potential mechanisms underlying these relationships. Symptoms of apathy, but not of depression, were associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk. Smoking, diabetes mellitus, and physical inactivity appeared to partly mediate this association. Specifically apathy symptoms were associated with concurrent low-grade inflammation. These findings suggest that apathy symptoms may be both a risk factor and marker for future cardiovascular disease.
Large Scale Document Categorization With Fuzzy Clustering

Clustering documents into coherent categories is a very useful and important step for document processing and understanding. The introducing of fuzzy set theory into clustering provides a favorable mechanism to capture overlapping among document clusters. Document dataset is commonly represented as a collection of high-dimensional vectors, which may not be able to fit into memory entirely, when the dataset is large and with a very high dimensionality. However, most of the existing fuzzy clustering approaches deal with small and static datasets. Some of them may have a good scalability but they are only effective for low dimensional data. The study presented in this paper is about new efforts on fuzzy clustering of large-scale and high-dimensional data—especially suitable for document categorization. To consider both large scale and high dimensionality into the problem formulation, our key idea is to incorporate document-tailored fuzzy clustering into a scheme, which is effective for dealing with a large-scale problem. We first identified three representative schemes in fuzzy clustering for handling large-scale data, namely sampling extension, single pass, and divide ensemble. The limitation of fuzzy C-means (FCM)-based approaches for a large document clustering are then investigated. Based on the study, we propose new approaches by incorporating each of hyperspherical FCM and fuzzy coclustering with the three scale-up schemes, respectively. This enables our new approaches to maintain effectiveness for high-dimensional data with an extended scalability. Extensive experimental studies with real-world large document datasets have been conducted and the results demonstrate that the proposed approaches perform consistently better over existing ones in document categorization.
Interrelation Between Structural and Electrical Properties in RuSr2GdCu2O 8±Z Prepared Under Different Annealing Conditions

The effect of annealing in flowing oxygen on the structural and electrical properties of the rutheno-cuprate RuSr 2GdCu2O8±z (Ru-1212) was investigated. The solid-state reaction method was used to synthesize the Ru-1212 compound at ambient pressure using temperatures between 960 and 1000 °C in air. Pure-phase samples were obtained and then annealed in flowing oxygen at 1060 °C for 0, 48, 72, or 168 hrs. The structural data of each sample were refined by the Rietveld method. Cell parameters, a and c, as well as the Cu-O(1) interatomic distances increase as the annealing time in flowing oxygen increases. The temperature-dependent electrical resistance of the sample that was not annealed in flowing oxygen shows semiconducting behavior. In contrast, samples annealed in flowing oxygen show superconducting transitions. All these results indicate that the structural and electrical properties of the Ru-1212 compound are related.
When are readership counts as useful as citation counts? Scopus versus Mendeley for LIS journals

In theory, articles can attract readers on the social reference sharing site Mendeley before they can attract citations, so Mendeley altmetrics could provide early indications of article impact. This article investigates the influence of time on the number of Mendeley readers of an article through a theoretical discussion and an investigation into the relationship between counts of readers of, and citations to, 4 general library and information science (LIS) journals. For this discipline, it takes about 7 years for articles to attract as many Scopus citations as Mendeley readers, and after this the Spearman correlation between readers and citers is stable at about 0.6 for all years. This suggests that Mendeley readership counts may be useful impact indicators for both newer and older articles. The lack of dates for individual Mendeley article readers and an unknown bias toward more recent articles mean that readership data should be normalized individually by year, however, before making any comparisons between articles published in different years.
The Service Recovery Process in the Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions Industry: A Conceptual Model

A great deal of scholarly attention is devoted to meeting buyers and meeting suppliers, yet there is a paucity of research focusing on meeting delegates. Although most meeting venues realize that it is in their best interest to recover failed service encounters, little scholarly guidance on how to do that is available. In an attempt to address this gap in meetings, incentives, conventions, and exhibitions research, this article presents a conceptual model of a service recovery process that meeting venues can adopt to address dissatisfied delegates.
Do Insurance Companies Possess an Informational Monopoly? Empirical Evidence from Auto Insurance

This article investigates the impact of policyholder tenure on contractual relationships in nonlife insurance markets. For a sample of auto insurance policies, we find that average risk decreases with policyholder tenure, but the effect is entirely due to the impact of observable information. We reject the hypothesis that the incumbent insurer is privately learning faster about quality of their policyholders. We highlight the importance of a public signal regarding policyholders' claims experiences and suggest alternative explanations for the unconditional relationships in the data.
Atrophy patterns in early clinical stages across distinct phenotypes of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) can present with distinct clinical variants. Identifying the earliest neurodegenerative changes associated with each variant has implications for early diagnosis, and for understanding the mechanisms that underlie regional vulnerability and disease progression in AD. We performed voxel‐based morphometry to detect atrophy patterns in early clinical stages of four AD phenotypes: Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA, “visual variant,” n = 93), logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA, “language variant,” n = 74), and memory‐predominant AD categorized as early age‐of‐onset (EOAD, <65 years, n = 114) and late age‐of‐onset (LOAD, >65 years, n = 114). Patients with each syndrome were stratified based on: (1) degree of functional impairment, as measured by the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale, and (2) overall extent of brain atrophy, as measured by a neuroimaging approach that sums the number of brain voxels showing significantly lower gray matter volume than cognitively normal controls (n = 80). Even at the earliest clinical stage (CDR = 0.5 or bottom quartile of overall atrophy), patients with each syndrome showed both common and variant‐specific atrophy. Common atrophy across variants was found in temporoparietal regions that comprise the posterior default mode network (DMN). Early syndrome‐specific atrophy mirrored functional brain networks underlying functions that are uniquely affected in each variant: Language network in lvPPA, posterior cingulate cortex‐hippocampal circuit in amnestic EOAD and LOAD, and visual networks in PCA. At more advanced stages, atrophy patterns largely converged across AD variants. These findings support a model in which neurodegeneration selectively targets both the DMN and syndrome‐specific vulnerable networks at the earliest clinical stages of AD. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4421–4437, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Price determinants for remanufactured electronic products: a case study on eBay UK

In this paper, we analyse the market determinants of price differentials between new and remanufactured products in Electronics using data on purchases made on eBay UK. The empirical analysis is carried out by means of linear regression methods, which are capable of controlling for the presence of collinearity among the explanatory variables. Our empirical results suggest that the seller reputation, length of warranties, proxies of demand and supply of remanufactured products, duration, end day of product listings as well as the availability of return policies are important determinants of price differentials. Most importantly, we find that the seller identity plays an important role, as our empirical results are predominantly driven by transactions carried out by non-manufacturer-approved vendors.
Structure of the XPC binding domain of hHR23A reveals hydrophobic patches for protein interaction

Rad23 proteins are involved both in the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway and in nucleotide excision repair (NER), but the relationship between these two pathways is not yet understood. The two human homologs of Rad23, hHR23A and B, are functionally redundant in NER and interact with xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) protein. The XPC–hHR23 complex is responsible for the specific recognition of damaged DNA, which is an early step in NER. The interaction of the XPC binding domain (XPCB) of hHR23A/B with XPC protein has been shown to be important for its optimal function in NER. We have determined the solution structure of XPCB of hHR23A. The domain consists of five amphipathic helices and reveals hydrophobic patches on the otherwise highly hydrophilic domain surface. The patches are predicted to be involved in interaction with XPC. The XPCB domain has limited sequence homology with any proteins outside of the Rad23 family except for sacsin, a protein involved in spastic ataxia of Charlevoix‐Saguenay, which contains a domain with 35% sequence identity.
Effect of pH and oxygen on biofilm formation in acute otitis media associated NTHi clinical isolates

Biofilms occur in animal models of acute otitis media (AOM) and in children with recurrent AOM (rAOM) and chronic otitis media with effusion (OME). We therefore studied the ability of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) strains from children to form biofilms in vitro under conditions we presumed occurred in the middle ear during AOM, rAOM, and OME.