Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Special Types of Invasive Breast Cancer, With Clinical Implications

Analysis of invasive breast cancers by histopathology has generally revolved around the analysis of individual characteristics such as nuclear pleomorphism and/or gland formation (grading) or categorization by specific histologic patterns (special type carcinomas). Recognition of special types of invasive breast carcinoma allows for the identification of women with an extremely good prognosis often approaching or equaling that of the general population of the same age (with unique problems for medullary). The distinguishing features of special types of breast cancer are present in complete or classic form in the pure examples of these cases, and the features recognizing these types may be present in lesser degrees in many carcinomas of no special type or not otherwise specified in which they often have important clinical correlates other than strong indicators of survival, such as recognizing the diffusely invasive feature of lobular and lobular-like cancers. Many other features have been noted as contenders for types of breast cancer (such as squamous, cystic, clear cell, histiocytoid, and lipid rich). These terms are not discussed here because they have no special clinical correlates relevant to diagnosis or prognosis. It should be reemphasized here that combined histologic grade (Nottingham system favored) with nuclear, glandular, and mitotic evaluation is expected by most authorities for clarification of diagnosis in all but rare, pure medullary cancers. 5,13,14,27 The Nottingham grade 11 interacts with nodal status to produce a very strong prognostic index. The mitotic count may be the most important part of the grading system, certainly for prognosis within 5 years of diagnosis. 22,26
Reduction of Binary Cubic and Quartic Forms

A reduction theory is developed for binary forms (homogeneous polynomials) of degrees three and four with integer coefficients. The resulting coefficient bounds simplify and improve on those in the literature, particularly in the case of negative discriminant. Applications include systematic enumeration of cubic number fields, and 2-descent on elliptic curves defined over the set of rational numbers. Remarks are given concerning the extension of these results to forms defined over number fields.
Inhibitory Effect of Tanshinone IIA on Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells

Background Anti-inflammation via inhibition of NF-κB pathways in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is one therapeutic approach to hepatic fibrosis. Tanshinone IIA (C19H18O3, Tan IIA) is a lipophilic diterpene isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, with reported anti-inflammatory activity. We tested whether Tan IIA could inhibit HSC activation. Materials and Methods The cell line of rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/ml). Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay. HSC-T6 cells were pretreated with Tan IIA (1, 3 and 10 µM), then induced by LPS (100 ng/ml). NF-κB activity was evaluated by the luciferase reporter gene assay. Western blotting analysis was performed to measure NF-κB-p65, and phosphorylations of MAPKs (ERK, JNK, p38). Cell chemotaxis was assessed by both wound-healing assay and trans-well invasion assay. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect gene expression in HSC-T6 cells. Results All concentrations of drugs showed no cytotoxicity against HSC-T6 cells. LPS stimulated NF-κB luciferase activities, nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65, and phosphorylations of ERK, JNK and p38, all of which were suppressed by Tan IIA. In addition, Tan IIA significantly inhibited LPS-induced HSCs chemotaxis, in both wound-healing and trans-well invasion assays. Moreover, Tan IIA attenuated LPS-induced mRNA expressions of CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1, iNOS, and α-SMA in HSC-T6 cells. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that Tan IIA decreased LPS-induced HSC activation.
Psoriasis and Diabetes: A Multicenter Study in 222078 Type 2 Diabetes Patients Reveals High Levels of Depression

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the association between psoriasis and disease outcome in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods. 222078 T2D patients (≥10 years old) from the prospective, multicenter diabetes patient registry were analyzed. Specific search items were used to identify psoriasis patients. Multiple regression models were fitted and adjusted for demographic confounder. Results. 232 T2D patients had comorbid psoriasis. After adjusting psoriasis patients revealed a higher BMI (31.8 [31.0; 32.6] versus 30.6 [30.5; 30.6] kg/m2, p = 0.004) and HbA1c (64.8 [62.1; 67.6] versus 59.0 [58.9; 59.1] mmol/mol, p < 0.0001). Insulin was used more frequently (62.3 [55.7; 68.5] versus 50.9 [50.7; 51.1] %, p = 0.001), only OAD/GLP-1 was similar, and nonpharmacological treatment was less common (13.3 [9.5; 18.3] versus 21.9 [21.7; 22.1] %, p = 0.002). Severe hypoglycemia (0.31 [0.238; 0.399] versus 0.06 [0.057; 0.060] events per patient-year, p < 0.0001), hypertension (86.1 [81.1; 90.0] versus 68.0 [67.8; 68.2] %, p < 0.0001), and thyroid disease (14.0 [10.1; 19.2] versus 4.6 [4.5; 4.7] %, p < 0.0001) were more prevalent. Depression occurred more often (10.5 [7.1; 15.2] versus 2.8 [2.7; 2.8] %, p < 0.0001). Conclusions. Clinical diabetes characteristics in psoriasis T2D patients were clearly worse compared to patients without psoriasis. Comorbid conditions and depression were more prevalent, and more intensive diabetes therapy was required.
Efficient Olfactory Coding in the Pheromone Receptor Neuron of a Moth

The concept of coding efficiency holds that sensory neurons are adapted, through both evolutionary and developmental processes, to the statistical characteristics of their natural stimulus. Encouraged by the successful invocation of this principle to predict how neurons encode natural auditory and visual stimuli, we attempted its application to olfactory neurons. The pheromone receptor neuron of the male moth Antheraea polyphemus, for which quantitative properties of both the natural stimulus and the reception processes are available, was selected. We predicted several characteristics that the pheromone plume should possess under the hypothesis that the receptors perform optimally, i.e., transfer as much information on the stimulus per unit time as possible. Our results demonstrate that the statistical characteristics of the predicted stimulus, e.g., the probability distribution function of the stimulus concentration, the spectral density function of the stimulation course, and the intermittency, are in good agreement with those measured experimentally in the field. These results should stimulate further quantitative studies on the evolutionary adaptation of olfactory nervous systems to odorant plumes and on the plume characteristics that are most informative for the ‘sniffer’. Both aspects are relevant to the design of olfactory sensors for odour-tracking robots.
Temporal Action Co-Segmentation in 3D Motion Capture Data and Videos

Given two action sequences, we are interested in spotting/co-segmenting all pairs of sub-sequences that represent the same action. We propose a totally unsupervised solution to this problem. No a-priori model of the actions is assumed to be available. The number of common sub-sequences may be unknown. The sub-sequences can be located anywhere in the original sequences, may differ in duration and the corresponding actions may be performed by a different person, in different style. We treat this type of temporal action co-segmentation as a stochastic optimization problem that is solved by employing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The objective function that is minimized by PSO capitalizes on Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) to compare two action sub-sequences. Due to the generic problem formulation and solution, the proposed method can be applied to motion capture (i.e., 3D skeletal) data or to conventional RGB videos acquired in the wild. We present extensive quantitative experiments on standard data sets as well as on data sets we introduced in this paper. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a remarkable increase in co-segmentation quality compared to all tested state of the art methods.
Loss of Coherence of Low Frequency Fluctuations of BOLD FMRI in Visual Cortex of Healthy Aged Subjects

Aging effects on blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) have been studied using task induced hemodynamic responses with controversial findings. The present study systematically investigated the normal aging effect in the visual cortex using 3 indices of low frequency fluctuations of resting state BOLD fMRI, i.e., amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC). These 3 resting state measurements were compared with task induced BOLD activation in the visual cortex of 2 groups of 10 young and 10 elderly subjects. Our results showed reduced functional connectivity and regional homogeneity of low frequency fluctuations of BOLD fMRI in aged subjects as compared to young subjects. While the mean magnitude of BOLD activation and the mean amplitude of low frequency fluctuations of BOLD fMRI did not vary between the 2 age groups, larger variances were observed in both measures in aged subjects. These data suggest that normal aging may be associated with “loss of coherence” of low frequency fluctuations of resting state BOLD fMRI in the visual cortex, and may affect task induced BOLD response through increased inter- and intra-subject variability.
A model of stimulus induced epileptic spike-wave discharges

Recent clinical and experimental evidence suggests that the spike-wave discharges (SWD) of absence seizures result from local activity within a hyperexcitable cortical region with rapid generalization through thalamocortical networks. The cortical focus is said to react more strongly to stimulation than other areas. We seek to develop a model which is in agreement with these recent experimental findings and suggest a possible explanation. In this study we extend an existing neural field model of thalamocortical interaction to account for multiple cortical regions which are connected according connectivity inferred from a clinically diagnosed epileptic patient. We stimulate at different model electrodes and investigate the resulting seizure duration. We observe that stimulation of only a small subset (11%) of model electrodes can lead to the rapid generalisation of SWD via both corticocortical and thalamocortical pathways. We find that the resulting model dynamics (seizure duration) varies significantly dependent upon the nodes stimulated and the amplitude of the stimulus. Our model indicates that heterogeneities in corticocortical connectivity could serve as a possible reason for the cortical focus and provides a platform for in silico hypothesis generation in complement to in vivo hypothesis validation.
Investigating the Impacts of Landuse-landcover (LULC) Change in the Pearl River Delta Region on Water Quality in the Pearl River Estuary and Hong Kong's Coast

Water quality information in the coastal region of Hong Kong and the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) is of great concern to the local community. Due to great landuse-landcover (LULC) changes with rapid industrialization and urbanization in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, water quality in the PRE has worsened during the last 20 years. Frequent red tide and harmful algal blooms have occurred in the estuary and its adjacent coastal waters since the 1980s and have caused important economic losses, also possibly threatening to the coastal environment, fishery, and public health in Hong Kong. In addition, recent literature shows that water nutrients in Victoria Harbor of Hong Kong have been proven to be strongly influenced by both the Pearl River and sewage effluent in the wet season (May to September), but it is still unclear how the PRE diluted water intrudes into Victoria Harbor. Due to the cloudy and rainy conditions in the wet season in Hong Kong, ASAR images will be used to monitor the PRE river plumes and track the intruding routes of PRE water nutrients. In this paper, we first review LULC change in the PRD and then show our preliminary results to analyze water quality spatial and temporal information from remote observations with different sensors in the coastal region and estuary. The study will also emphasizes on time series of analysis of LULC trends related to annual sediment yields and critical source areas of erosion for the PRD region since the 1980s.
Dental Plaque Accumulation and Periodontal Treatment Needs of Smokers

Organic deposits such as food residue, pellicle, dental plaque, and calculus can easily stick to the surface of smokers' teeth due to the tar content that sticks to the teeth, causing the tooth surface to become rough. This study aims to describe periodontal conditions through plaque accumulation and the need for periodontal treatment in smokers. Cross-sectional study at the Dental and Oral Hospital, University of North Sumatra, with a sample of 60 smokers. Plaque accumulation examination uses the Loe and Silness index and periodontal status needs use the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) index. The results of the periodontal status of smokers showed that 36.7% of smokers had a periodontal status score of 0 (healthy periodontium), 33.3% had a periodontal status score of 2 (supragingival calculus), 28.3% had a score of 1 (spontaneous bleeding) and 1.7 % had periodontal status with a score of 3 (pockets 4-5 mm). The results showed that 36.7% did not need treatment (TN 0), 35% of smokers needed better dental care at home/improved oral hygiene and tartar cleaning (TN II), and 28.3% of smokers only needed adequate dental care. better (TN I). The conclusion of this study is that the periodontal treatment needs of smokers at RSGM USU are based on the number of cigarettes and duration of smoking, which is most often found in periodontal status and treatment with scores of 0 and 2.
Paradigm Agreement and literature obsolescence: a Comparative Study in the literature of the dead Sea Scrolls

According to Kuhn's The structure of scientific revolutions normal science makes progress under a unifying paradigm while the humanities flounder among many competing paradigms. Bibliometric reference analysis is here used to test for evidence of this dichotomy in publishing and citation patterns. 227 critical (humanities) papers (with 13,355 references) drawn randomly from exhaustive Dead Sea Scrolls bibliographies are compared with 162 archaeological (scientific) papers (2,494 references) from the same population. References in critical papers (where‐lack of paradigm unity diffuses research and impedes assimilation of individual papers) in general (with and without inclusion of ancient classics) and articles in particular (with/without) are found, as hypothesised, to have significantly higher average ages than references in the archaeological papers. Reference density ratios adjusted for changes in number of citable and citing papers suggest no decline in use with age for critical sources as is true in archaeology. Archaeological, but not critical, references cluster on a research front and are concentrated in the years of data collection. Periodicals (not less‐timely monographs) account, as hypothesised, for significantly more archaeological than critical papers, references, and references in articles only.
IL-2 production in developing Th1 cells is regulated by heterodimerization of RelA and T-bet and requires T-bet serine residue 508

Interleukin (IL)-2 is the predominant cytokine that is produced by naive Th cells in a primary response. It is required for proliferation and differentiation of Th precursor cells into effector cells. Initial high-level IL-2 production is followed by its decline, and the concomitant induction of cytokines that are typical of the differentiated state. Although the factors that are responsible for the early induction of IL-2 are well defined, the mechanisms that are responsible for its down-regulation in later stages of Th development have not been studied as much. Previous work from our laboratory revealed a repressor function for the T-box transcription factor, T-bet, in IL-2 gene transcription. Here, we report that T-betS508 is required for the optimal repression of IL-2 production in developing Th1 cells. Phosphorylation of T-betS508 by casein kinase I and glycogen synthase kinase-3 kinases accompanies T-bet's interaction with the RelA nuclear factor–κB transcription factor. Heterodimerization of T-bet and RelA interferes with the binding of RelA to the IL-2 promoter, and hence, transcriptional activation of the IL-2 gene by RelA.
Higher-Level Steatosis Is Associated with a Greater Decrease in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatoic Liver Disease after Eight Weeks of a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) in Subjects Affected by Overweight and Obesity

The most common form of chronic liver disease, recently defined as MASLD, is strongly linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle changes are part of MASLD prevention. The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is a useful option for treating MASLD and reducing liver steatosis in patients with obesity. We assessed whether a greater degree of steatosis could have a positive or negative impact on how well 8 weeks of using the VLCKD improve steatosis and fibrosis in a patient population of overweight and obese individuals. Anthropometric parameters, along with changes in hormone and metabolic biomarkers, were also assessed both before and after the dietary change. The study population included 111 overweight (14.41%) or obese subjects (85.59%) aged between 18 and 64 years; the 75 women and 36 men involved were not taking any medicine. In both the raw (0.37 95% CI 0.21; 0.52) and the multivariate models (model a: 0.439 95% CI 0.26; 0.62; model b: 0.437 95% CI 0.25; 0.63), there was a positive and statistically significant correlation between the CAP delta value and the CAP before using the VLCKD. Additionally, the liver stiffness delta was found to be positively and statistically significantly correlated with liver stiffness before the use of the VLCKD in both models: the multivariate model (model a: 0.560 95% CI 0.40; 0.71; model b: 0.498 95% CI 0.34; 0.65) and the raw model (0.52 95% CI 0.39; 0.65). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, insulin resistance (measured by HOMA-IR), insulin, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass, were all decreased (p < 0.001) following the use of the VLCKD. However, following the use of the VLCKD, there was an increase in vitamin D levels. (p < 0.001). We found that using the VLCKD for 8 weeks has a greater effect on improving steatosis and fibrosis in subjects who initially have more severe forms of these conditions.
Graph theory based mobile network insight analysis framework

Even though Graph Theory has been extensively applied in various application domains, such as social network, security etc., research on how to utilize graph theory in mobile networks remains limited up to now. In this paper, we propose graph theory based network insight analysis framework which can give mobile operators insight about their networks, provide better network coverage, and optimize its infrastructure investments. We also use network coverage hole detection and node ranking as two use cases of such framework.
The Influence of Principal Pedagogical Competence and School Culture on Student Character Development in Madrasah

The school culture of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah is full of character development, and the role of the Principal as an educator with Pedagogical Competence is predicted to be able to develop students' character significantly. This study aims to prove the influence of the Principal's pedagogical competence and school culture on students' character development in Madrasah. The research was conducted through quantitative methods. The population and sample of the study were 60 people, taken from the entire madrasa academic community in Plaju District. Analysis of the data used is the Multiple Regression Test. The results showed that the Principal's pedagogical competence and school culture simultaneously significantly affected character development. However, based on the partial analysis, the Principal's pedagogical competence is less influential than the teacher's performance in character development. Â
Relationships between counterproductive work behavior, perceived justice and climate, occupational status, and leader-member exchange

The present work used Social Exchange Theory as a framework for understanding Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB). We sought to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by examining psychologically experienced organizational distributive justice and climate as predictors of counterproductive workplace behavior, while exploring whether immediate job and exchange characteristics - employee occupational level and leader-member exchange - can clarify these associations. Two studies were conducted in different organizations respectively: (1) a governmental electricity company and (2) a private company specializing in electronic device commerce. The results supported the hypotheses and indicated negative relationships between perceived organizational distributive justice, overall and ethical climates, and CWB. Importantly, the quality of perceived leader-member exchange and employee's occupational level were found to moderate the relationship between perceived distributional justice and organizational ethical climate (respectively) and counterproductive work behavior.
Host response modulation in periodontics.

Host response modulation (or host modulation) is a term that has been introduced to the dental profession relatively recently. In the periodontal context, and in very simple terms, it means modifying or modulating destructive or damaging aspects of the inflammatory host response that develops in the periodontal tissues as a result of the chronic challenge presented by the subgingival bacterial plaque. Host response modulation is routinely practised by our medical colleagues, who use host modulation strategies in the treatment of disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. And while the term host modulation has only recently started to be widely used in general dentistry, the concept was first introduced to the research community in the late 1980s and early 1990s (34, 107). Indeed, in 1990 Williams (107) stated that there are compelling data from studies in animals and human trials indicating that pharmacologic agents that modulate the host responses believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal destruction may be efficacious in slowing the progression of disease . Over the last two decades, a variety of pharmacological agents have been studied for a possible role as host modulators in the management of periodontal disease. These include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, bisphosphonates and the tetracycline family of compounds (and their chemically modified analogues). Newer agents that have the potential to be of benefit in periodontal treatment include anti-cytokine drugs (which have successfully been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis), soluble cytokine blockers and lipoxins. To date, only one systemic medication has been licensed specifically as a host response modulator for the treatment of periodontal disease, and that is subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (a focus in this review). The inclusion of host response modulation into periodontal management strategies is an exciting development with significant potential for improving treatment outcomes. It is likely that the future will see a range of host modulation therapies developed that target different aspects of the inflammatory pathogenic processes which occur in the diseased periodontium.