Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Colorization Using Neural Network Ensemble

This paper investigates into the colorization problem, which converts a grayscale image to a colorful version. This is a difficult problem and normally requires manual adjustment to achieve artifact-free quality. For instance, it normally requires human-labeled color scribbles on the grayscale target image or a careful selection of colorful reference images. The recent learning-based colorization techniques automatically colorize a grayscale image using a single neural network. Since different scenes usually have distinct color styles, it is difficult to accurately capture the color characteristics using a single neural network. We propose a mixture learning model representing the presence of sub-color-style within an overall image data set. We, therefore, ensemble multiple neural networks to obtain better color estimation performance than could be obtained from any of the constituent neural network alone. A two-step colorization strategy is utilized as an adaptive color style clustering followed by a neural network ensemble. To ensure artifact-free quality, a joint bilateral filtering-based post-processing step is proposed. Numerous experiments demonstrate that our method generates high-quality results comparable with state-of-the-art algorithms.
Vertical modeling of the nitrogen cycle in the eastern tropical South Pacific oxygen deficient zone using high‐resolution concentration and isotope measurements

Marine oxygen deficient zones (ODZs) have long been identified as sites of fixed nitrogen (N) loss. However, the mechanisms and rates of N loss have been debated, and traditional methods for measuring these rates are labor‐intensive and may miss hot spots in spatially and temporally variable environments. Here we estimate rates of heterotrophic nitrate reduction, heterotrophic nitrite reduction (denitrification), nitrite oxidation, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) at a coastal site in the eastern tropical South Pacific (ETSP) ODZ based on high‐resolution concentration and natural abundance stable isotope measurements of nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−). These measurements were used to estimate process rates using a two‐step inverse modeling approach. The modeled rates were sensitive to assumed isotope effects for NO3− reduction and NO2− oxidation. Nevertheless, we addressed two questions surrounding the fates of NO2− in the ODZ: (1) Is NO2− being primarily reduced to N2 or oxidized to NO3− in the ODZ? and (2) what are the contributions of anammox and denitrification to NO2− removal? Depth‐integrated rates from the model suggest that 72–88% of the NO2− produced in the ODZ was oxidized back to NO3−, while 12–28% of NO2− was reduced to N2. Furthermore, our model suggested that 36–74% of NO2− loss was due to anammox, with the remainder due to denitrification. These model results generally agreed with previously measured rates, though with a large range of uncertainty, and they provide a long‐term integrated view that compliments incubation experiments to obtain a broader picture of N cycling in ODZs.
Neurocognitive and Behavioral Predictors of Math Performance in Children With and Without ADHD

Objective: This study examined neurocognitive and behavioral predictors of math performance in children with and without ADHD. Method: Neurocognitive and behavioral variables were examined as predictors of (a) standardized mathematics achievement scores, (b) productivity on an analog math task, and (c) accuracy on an analog math task. Results: Children with ADHD had lower achievement scores but did not significantly differ from controls on math productivity or accuracy. N-back accuracy and parent-rated attention predicted math achievement. N-back accuracy and observed attention predicted math productivity. Alerting scores on the attentional network task predicted math accuracy. Mediation analyses indicated that n-back accuracy significantly mediated the relationship between diagnostic group and math achievement. Conclusion: Neurocognition, rather than behavior, may account for the deficits in math achievement exhibited by many children with ADHD.
The Extents of Coronary Heart Disease and the Severity of Newly Developed Dry Eye Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study

This study aimed to evaluate the potential association between coronary heart disease (CHD) severity and the subsequent dry eye disease (DED) with a different severity through the use of the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The CHD population was further divided into a severe CHD that had received coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery group and a mild CHD that had received medicine group, then matched with a 1:2 ratio, and 29,852 and 14,926 CHD patients were put into the severe CHD and mild CHD groups, respectively. The primary outcomes were the development of DED and severe DED after CHD diagnosis. The Cox proportional hazards regression was used to produce the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of DED and severe DED between groups. There were 3440 and 1276 DED cases in the mild CHD and severe CHD groups, respectively. And another 37 and 48 severe CHD events were observed in the mild and severe CHD groups, respectively. The incidence of severe DED in the severe CHD group was significantly higher compared to the mild CHD group (aHR: 5.454, 95% CI: 1.551–7.180, p = 0.0001). The cumulative probabilities of DED and severe DED were significantly higher in the severe CHD group than the mild CHD group (both p < 0.0001). In the subgroup analysis, the correlation between severe CHD and DED was higher in the patients aged older than 70 years (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, severe CHD is associated with a higher incidence of severe DED with a higher cumulative incidence.
REANALYSIS IN ADULT HERITAGE LANGUAGE

This study presents and analyzes the comprehension of relative clauses in child and adult speakers of Russian, comparing monolingual controls with Russian heritage speakers (HSs) who are English-dominant. Monolingual and bilingual children demonstrate full adultlike mastery of relative clauses. Adult HSs, however, are significantly different from the monolingual adult controls and from the child HS group. This divergent performance indicates that the adult heritage grammar is not a product of the fossilization of child language. Instead, it suggests that forms existing in the baseline undergo gradual attrition over the life span of a HS. This result is consistent with observations on narrative structure in child and adult HSs (Polinsky, 2008b). Evidence from word order facts suggests that relative clause reanalysis in adult HSs cannot be attributed to transfer from English.
The role of molybdenum in agricultural plant production.

BACKGROUND The importance of molybdenum for plant growth is disproportionate with respect to the absolute amounts required by most plants. Apart from Cu, Mo is the least abundant essential micronutrient found in most plant tissues and is often set as the base from which all other nutrients are compared and measured. Molybdenum is utilized by selected enzymes to carry out redox reactions. Enzymes that require molybdenum for activity include nitrate reductase, xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase and sulfite oxidase. SCOPE Loss of Mo-dependent enzyme activity (directly or indirectly through low internal molybdenum levels) impacts upon plant development, in particular, those processes involving nitrogen metabolism and the synthesis of the phytohormones abscisic acid and indole-3 butyric acid. Currently, there is little information on how plants access molybdate from the soil solution and redistribute it within the plant. In this review, the role of molybdenum in plants is discussed, focusing on its current constraints in some agricultural situations and where increased molybdenum nutrition may aid in agricultural plant development and yields. CONCLUSIONS Molybdenum deficiencies are considered rare in most agricultural cropping areas; however, the phenotype is often misdiagnosed and attributed to other downstream effects associated with its role in various enzymatic redox reactions. Molybdenum fertilization through foliar sprays can effectively supplement internal molybdenum deficiencies and rescue the activity of molybdoenzymes. The current understanding on how plants access molybdate from the soil solution or later redistribute it once in the plant is still unclear; however, plants have similar physiological molybdenum transport phenotypes to those found in prokaryotic systems. Thus, careful analysis of existing prokaryotic molybdate transport mechanisms, as well as a re-examination of know anion transport mechanisms present in plants, will help to resolve how this important trace element is accumulated.
UNIFORMLY MOST POWERFUL BAYESIAN TESTS.

Uniformly most powerful tests are statistical hypothesis tests that provide the greatest power against a fixed null hypothesis among all tests of a given size. In this article, the notion of uniformly most powerful tests is extended to the Bayesian setting by defining uniformly most powerful Bayesian tests to be tests that maximize the probability that the Bayes factor, in favor of the alternative hypothesis, exceeds a specified threshold. Like their classical counterpart, uniformly most powerful Bayesian tests are most easily defined in one-parameter exponential family models, although extensions outside of this class are possible. The connection between uniformly most powerful tests and uniformly most powerful Bayesian tests can be used to provide an approximate calibration between p-values and Bayes factors. Finally, issues regarding the strong dependence of resulting Bayes factors and p-values on sample size are discussed.
Over‐expression of the dominant‐negative isoform of Ikaros confers resistance to dexamethasone‐induced and anti‐IgM‐induced apoptosis

Summary. In previous studies, we demonstrated an over‐expression of the dominant‐negative isoform of the transcription factor Ikaros, Ik‐6, in patients with B‐cell malignancies, including blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. To investigate the consequence of over‐expression of Ik‐6 in B cells, we constructed Ik‐6 transfectants of the FDH‐1 and Ramos cell lines. FDH‐1, which was established from a patient with early pre‐B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, undergoes apoptosis with dexamethasone treatment, whereas Ramos undergoes apoptosis following anti‐IgM antibody treatment. Compared with the wild type, the over‐expression of Ik‐6 rendered the FDH‐1 and Ramos transfectants resistant to dexamethasone‐induced and anti‐IgM‐induced apoptosis respectively. An immunoblotting study demonstrated bcl‐2 upregulation in anti‐IgM‐induced Ramos Ik‐6 transfectants, but not in FDH‐1 Ik‐6 transfectants. Further investigations of the mechanism of leukaemogenesis associated with the over‐expression of Ik‐6 are warranted.
Tyrosine phosphorylation stimulates activity of human RAD51 recombinase through altered nucleoprotein filament dynamics

Significance Homologous recombination provides the most accurate means to repair genotoxic DNA lesions. It depends on the assembly of the RAD51 DNA strand exchange protein into a dynamic nucleoprotein filament. The c-Abl tyrosine kinase and its oncogenic counterpart BCR-ABL control RAD51 by phosphorylating tyrosine residues 54 and 315. A nonnatural phosphotyrosine mimetic was used to represent phosphorylated RAD51 and to parse out the importance of Y54 and Y315 phosphorylation. By combining biochemical and single-molecule analyses, we found that Y54 phosphorylation enhances the RAD51 DNA strand exchange activity by altering the nucleoprotein filament properties. In contrast, Y315 phosphorylation has little effect on the RAD51 activities. The DNA strand exchange protein RAD51 facilitates the central step in homologous recombination, a process fundamentally important for accurate repair of damaged chromosomes, restart of collapsed replication forks, and telomere maintenance. The active form of RAD51 is a nucleoprotein filament that assembles on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) at the sites of DNA damage. The c-Abl tyrosine kinase and its oncogenic counterpart BCR-ABL fusion kinase phosphorylate human RAD51 on tyrosine residues 54 and 315. We combined biochemical reconstitutions of the DNA strand exchange reactions with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to determine how the two phosphorylation events affect the biochemical activities of human RAD51 and properties of the RAD51 nucleoprotein filament. By mimicking RAD51 tyrosine phosphorylation with a nonnatural amino acid, p-carboxymethyl-l-phenylalanine (pCMF), we demonstrated that Y54 phosphorylation enhances the RAD51 recombinase activity by at least two different mechanisms, modifies the RAD51 nucleoprotein filament formation, and allows RAD51 to compete efficiently with ssDNA binding protein RPA. In contrast, Y315 phosphorylation has little effect on the RAD51 activities. Based on our work and previous cellular studies, we propose a mechanism underlying RAD51 activation by c-Abl/BCR-ABL kinases.
Nonviral transfer of the gene encoding coagulation factor VIII in patients with severe hemophilia A.

BACKGROUND We tested the safety of a nonviral somatic-cell gene-therapy system in patients with severe hemophilia A. METHODS An open-label, phase 1 trial was conducted in six patients with severe hemophilia A. Dermal fibroblasts obtained from each patient by skin biopsy were grown in culture and transfected with a plasmid containing sequences of the gene that encodes factor VIII. Cells that produced factor VIII were selected, cloned, and propagated in vitro. The cloned cells were then harvested and administered to the patients by laparoscopic injection into the omentum. The patients were followed for 12 months after the implantation of the genetically altered cells. An interim analysis was performed. RESULTS There were no serious adverse events related to the use of factor VIII-producing fibroblasts or the implantation procedure. No long-term complications developed, and no inhibitors of factor VIII were detected. In four of the six patients, plasma levels of factor VIII activity rose above the levels observed before the procedure. The increase in factor VIII activity coincided with a decrease in bleeding, a reduction in the use of exogenous factor VIII, or both. In the patient with the highest level of factor VIII activity, the clinical changes lasted approximately 10 months. CONCLUSIONS Implantation of genetically altered fibroblasts that produce factor VIII is safe and well tolerated. This form of gene therapy is feasible in patients with severe hemophilia A.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Wild Boars

ABSTRACT Eight Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from 117 wild boars were characterized and compared to livestock isolates. They belonged to sequence types ST133, ST425, and the new type ST1643. The spa types were t1181, t6782, and the new types t6384, t6385, and t6386. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and microarray-based genotyping confirmed the absence of important virulence/resistance genes.
Emerging Adults’ Lived Experience of Formative Family Stress

In this article, we use a phenomenology framework to explore emerging adults’ formative experiences of family stress. Fourteen college students participated in a qualitative interview about their experience of family stress. We analyzed the interviews using the empirical phenomenological psychology method. Participants described a variety of family stressors, including parental conflict and divorce, physical or mental illness, and emotional or sexual abuse by a family member. Two general types of parallel processes were essential to the experience of family stress for participants. First, the family stressor was experienced in shifts and progressions reflecting the young person’s attempts to manage the stressor, and second, these shifts and progressions were interdependent with deeply personal psychological meanings of self, sociality, physical and emotional expression, agency, place, space, project, and discourse. We describe each of these parallel processes and their subprocesses, and conclude with implications for mental health practice and research.
Stratigraphic architecture of the northern Oman continental margin - Mesozoic Hamrat Duru Group, Hawasina complex, Oman

The Triassic to Late Cretaceous deep-marine sediments of the Hamrat Duru Group, Oman Mountains, represent a subunit of the Hawasina nappe-complex which was deposited in a deep marine basin. During the Late Cretaceous SSW-directed obduction of the Semail Ophiolite, the Hawasina complex was emplaced onto the autochthonous cover of the Arabian basement, while the original configuration of the basin was destroyed. New lithostratigraphic results and high-resolution radiolarian and conodont biostratigraphy lead to a revised stratigraphic scheme of the Hamrat Duru Group which conforms with the standard stratigraphical nomenclature. The Hamrat Duru Group is divided into six formations: (1) The Early Triassic (Olenekian) to Late Triassic (Upper Norian) Zulla Formation (Limestone and Shale Member, Sandstone and Shale Member, Radiolarian Chert Member and Halobia Limestone Member); (2) The Late Triassic (late Norian to Rhaetian) Al Ayn Formation; (3) The Early Jurassic (late Pliensbachian) to Middle Jurassic (early Callovian) Guwayza Formation (Tawi Sadh Member and Oolitic Limestone Member); (4) Middle Jurassic (Callovian) to Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian? ) Sid’r Formation (Lower Member, Upper Member); (5) Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian? to Santonian? ) Nayid Formation; and (6) Late Jurassic (early Callovian) to Early (Late? ) Cretaceous Wahrah Formation. Most of the lithostratigraphic units (formations and members) show isochronous boundaries between the different outcrop areas. The stratigraphic architecture of the Hamrat Duru Group megasequence is controlled by alternating siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentation possibly related to the second-order sea-level variations. The sediments accumulated on the continental rise of the Arabian margin mostly by submarine sediment-gravity flows and hemipelagic to pelagic rainout. A close relationship of the evolution of the Arabian Platform and the adjoining slope and basinal environments is evident. Changes in carbonate supply, oceanographic circulation and/or variations in silica productivity resulted in two distinct phases of radiolarian sedimentation. The first phase corresponds to the Triassic late Anisian-early Norian time interval; the second started in the Early Jurassic late Pliensbachian and lasted, with some interruptions, up to the Late Cretaceous Coniacian. The litho- and biostratigraphic similarities between the Mesozoic Hamrat Duru Basin of the northern/central Oman Mountains and the Mesozoic Batain Basin of northeastern Oman are seen as related to Neo-Tethys-wide palaeoceanographic changes and suggest a strong interdependence of the two basins with the evolution of the Arabian Platform.
PressureText: pressure input for mobile phone text entry

Pressure sensitive buttons are appealing for reducing repetitive tasks such as text entry on mobile phone keypads, where multiple key presses are currently necessary to record an action. We present PressureText, a text-entry technique for a pressure augmented mobile phone. In a study comparing PressureText to MultiTap, we found that despite limited visual feedfback for pressure input, users overall performed equally well with PressureText as with MultiTap. Expertise was a determining factor for improved performance with PressureText. Expert users showed a 33.6% performance gain over novices. Additionally, expert users were 5% faster on average with PressureText than MultiTap, suggesting that pressure input is a valuable augmentation to mobile phone keypads.
Running head : SELF-ESTEEM IN DYSPHORIA

Although depression is characterized by low self-esteem as measured by questionnaires, research using implicit measures of self-esteem has failed to reveal the expected differences between depressed and non-depressed individuals. In this study, we used an implicit measure which enables the differentiation of ideal Self and actual Self-esteem, through the introduction of propositions: “I am” versus “I want to be”. We measured implicit relational associations about actual and ideal self in low (N=27) versus high dysphoric (N=29) undergraduates. Our data revealed that dysphoric individuals have a higher ideal-self-esteem, and lower actual selfesteem in comparison to healthy participants. The results underscore the need to go beyond simple associations and suggest that the use of individual–specific propositions could enhance our understanding of the implicit measurement of self-esteem. Furthermore, these results underscore the importance of actual versus ideal self-discrepancy theories, which might guide the content of therapeutic interventions.
Stability of MRI Paramagnetic Contrast Media: A Proton Relaxometric Protocol for Transmetallation Assessment

Laurent S, Vander Elst L, Copoix F, et al. Stability of MRI paramagnetic contrast media: A proton relaxometric protocol for transmetallation assessment. Invest Radiol 2001;36:115–122. rationale and objectives. The suitability of paramagnetic complexes as magnetic resonance contrast agents depends on various factors such as their relaxivity, stability, selectivity, and the inertness toward transmetallation by endogenous ions. The transmetallation of a series of 18 gadolinium complexes by the Zn2+ ion was studied in vitro by proton relaxometry. methods.Transmetallation was analyzed through the evolution of the paramagnetic longitudinal relaxation rate of water protons at 37° C in pH = 7 phosphate buffer solutions containing 2.5 mmol/L of the gadolinium complexes and 2.5 mmol/L zinc chloride. The measurements were performed at 0.47 T over a period of at least 3 days. results.The results confirm the high stability of macrocyclic systems and a high sensitivity of Gd–diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) derivatives to transmetallation by Zn2+ ions. The decreasing order of stability with respect to metal exchange is as follows: Gd-macrocyclics > Gd–C-functionalized DTPA > Gd-DTPA > primary and secondary Gd-DTPA bisamides. The ternary bisamide analyzed in this study [Gd-DTPA-1,11-bisbismethylamino-1,11-dioxo-3,6,9-triaza-3,6,9-tris(carboxymethyl)undecane] is more stable than the parent compound Gd-DTPA. conclusions.A simple relaxometric protocol has been successfully developed to study the in vitro transmetallation process of gadolinium complexes. The importance of the functionalization and substitution of the DTPA-like complexes is clearly shown.
Adolescent Peer Relations, Friendships, and Romantic Relationships: Do They Predict Social Anxiety and Depression?

This study examined multiple levels of adolescents' interpersonal functioning, including general peer relations (peer crowd affiliations, peer victimization), and qualities of best friendships and romantic relationships as predictors of symptoms of depression and social anxiety. An ethnically diverse sample of 421 adolescents (57% girls; 14 to 19 years) completed measures of peer crowd affiliation, peer victimization, and qualities of best friendships and romantic relationships. Peer crowd affiliations (high and low status), positive qualities in best friendships, and the presence of a dating relationship protected adolescents against feelings of social anxiety, whereas relational victimization and negative interactions in best friendships predicted high social anxiety. In contrast, affiliation with a high-status peer crowd afforded some protection against depressive affect; however, relational victimization and negative qualities of best friendships and romantic relationships predicted depressive symptoms. Some moderating effects for ethnicity were observed. Findings indicate that multiple aspects of adolescents' social relations uniquely contribute to feelings of internal distress. Implications for research and preventive interventions are discussed.