Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic SIMD vectorization of fast fourier transforms for the larrabee and AVX instruction sets

The well-known shift to parallelism in CPUs is often associated with multicores. However another trend is equally salient: the increasing parallelism in per-core single-instruction multiple-date (SIMD) vector units. Intel's SSE and IBM's VMX (compatible to AltiVec) both offer 4-way (single precision) floating point, but the recent Intel instruction sets AVX and Larrabee (LRB) offer 8-way and 16-way, respectively. Compilation and optimization for vector extensions is hard, and often the achievable speed-up by using vectorizing compilers is small compared to hand-optimization using intrinsic function interfaces. Unfortunately, the complexity of these intrinsics interfaces increases considerably with the vector length, making hand-optimization a nightmare. In this paper, we present a peephole-based vectorization system that takes as input the vector instruction semantics and outputs a library of basic data reorganization blocks such as small transpositions and perfect shuffles that are needed in a variety of high performance computing applications. We evaluate the system by generating the blocks needed by the program generator Spiral for vectorized fast Fourier transforms (FFTs). With the generated FFTs we achieve a vectorization speed-up of 5.5--6.5 for 8-way AVX and 10--12.5 for 16-way LRB. For the latter instruction counts are used since no timing information is available. The combination of the proposed system and Spiral thus automates the production of high performance FFTs for current and future vector architectures.
Gender Difference in the Level of HDL Cholesterol in Korean Adults

Background High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level varies with ethnicity and gender. In Korea there has not been an agreement on standards for HDL cholesterol level. Therefore, in order to establish a foundation for research on HDL cholesterol, we investigated the gender difference in HDL cholesterol level after adjusting associated factors. Methods The study population included 4,465 individuals (1,833 men, 2,632 women) representing 33,502,918 Koreans 20 years of age or older, who participated in the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. After stratifying by gender, we analyzed the HDL cholesterol level according to the general characteristics of the study population. Then we identified independent factors associated with HDL cholesterol level. After adjusting for covariates, we estimated the gender difference in HDL cholesterol level. Results We demonstrated that age, current smoking, body mass index, alcohol intake, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol level have significant impact on HDL cholesterol level. In addition, educational status was also an important factor for men, while fat intake was a significant factor for women. After adjusting associated factors, the means (standard errors) of HDL cholesterol level were 43.8 (0.2) mg/dL in men and 46.3 (0.2) mg/dL in women, respectively. Conclusion The mean gender difference in HDL level (2.5 mg/dL) in Korean adults was, therefore, less than those observed in previous western studies.
Reducing the Effect of Reaction Rate Constants on the Performance of Molecular Communication Networks

In this work we consider a molecular communication system based on free diffusion of molecules from transmitter to receiver. These molecules act as message carriers with information encoded in either the concentration or number of molecules. These molecules propagate through the medium to reach the receiver, where they react with a receiver molecular circuit which is a set of chemical reactions, to produce the output molecules. The number of these output molecules over time t is the output signal of the system. In this work we use reversible conversion (RC) type receiver molecular circuit which can be viewed as a linearized form of ligand-receptor binding. We realize the molecular communication system as an interconnection between the diffusion only (upstream) and reaction only (downstream) systems. In this work first we quantify the effect of reaction rate constants on the system performance. By using singular perturbation we find that the communication performance of the system changes with the variations in the association constant r (which depends on reaction rate constants) of the receiver circuit. We find that although the gain and capacity of the system is improved with the increase in r, the noise increases as well which results in lower signal to noise ratio (SNR). To overcome this problem and improve the system performance in terms of SNR and capacity we introduce an intermediate system of reactions between the upstream and downstream systems which is referred as phosphorylation cycle. By carefully choosing the parameter values of the intermediate system we can reduce the effect of the association constant r on behaviour of system.
SDN based Evolved Packet Core architecture for efficient user mobility support

In current generation LTE networks, user mobility leads to high levels of signaling traffic from the eNodeB (Evolved Node B) to the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) for maintaining the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) and Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) tunnel. Further, the presence of Packet Gateway (PGW) at the network edge introduces additional delay for every signaling procedure. In this paper, we propose an improved EPC architecture based on Software Defined Networking (SDN) concepts. This architecture (logically) centralizes the control plane functionality of EPC thereby eliminating the use of mobility management protocols and reducing mobility related signaling costs. The architecture utilizes the global network view feature of SDN for mobility management. The proposed architecture has been implemented in the ns-3 simulator framework. The results quantify the performance of the proposed architecture in terms of signaling cost, tunneling cost, handover latency and scalability.
Patterns of transnationalization and regulatory change beyond the EU : explaining cross-sectoral variation in Ukraine

This thesis seeks to explain cross-sectoral variation in convergence with EU rules in countries outside the EU that lack regulatory capacities and democratic development. In contrast to accounts predominant in the Europeanization literature, this study presents evidence to suggest that regulatory change in nonaccession countries is not doomed to failure despite high initial adaptation costs that cannot be mitigated by EU membership conditionality. Making use of qualitative research methods, I analyze variation in convergence with EU rules in Ukraine across four policy sectors (corporate governance, technical regulation, telecommunications and food safety). I find that cross-sectoral variation is a function of different patterns of transnationalization that can be deep, shallow or mixed, depending on the properties and combined effects of interactions between domestic and external actors. In policy sectors where the combined effects of strong economic conditionality, strong market incentives for European and local firms and multiplex capacity building increase the incentives and capacities of domestic public and private actors for regulatory change, convergence with EU rules is likely to reach high levels thanks to deep patterns of transnationalization. My findings have the following implications. 1) Instead of high-powered political incentives (membership conditionality), the EU has down-to-earth economic incentives at its disposal (economic conditionality) to shape regulatory change in non-accession countries. Tying market access to convergence with EU rules in an unambiguous manner is necessary to achieve high levels of convergence beyond the EU’s borders. 2) Analyzing the combined effects of conditionality, markets and capacity building is more fruitful for explaining cross-sectoral variation in convergence with EU rules than isolated analyses of each mechanism. 3) Convergence with EU rules is not just about creating another level of hierarchy in the markets and political systems of target countries. Rather, it is about creating institutions for governance arrangements in which public and private actors coordinate regulatory tasks. Hence, transnational interactions need to increase the incentives and capacities of public and private domestic actors for high levels of convergence. 4) In countries like Ukraine, Russia is not a countervailing hegemon that unfailingly seeks to obstruct convergence with EU rules. Rather, Russia should be conceived of as an adapative hegemon that promotes or obstructs convergence depending on the interests of Russian business. Jury: Adrienne Heritier (EUI), László Bruszt (EUI) (Supervisor), Jacint Jordana (Pompeu Fabra Barcelona), Tanja Börzel (Free University Berlin) (vie videolink)
Tumor genome analysis includes germline genome: Are we ready for surprises?

We sought to describe the spectrum of potential and confirmed germline genomic events incidentally identified during routine medium‐throughput somatic tumor DNA sequencing, and to provide a framework for pre‐ and post‐test consent and counseling for patients and families. Targeted tumor‐only next‐generation sequencing (NGS) had been used to evaluate for possible druggable genomic events obtained from consecutive new patients with metastatic gastroesophageal, hepatobiliary or colorectal cancer seen at the University of Chicago. A panel of medical oncologists, cancer geneticists and genetic counselors retrospectively grouped these patients (N = 111) based on probability of possessing a potentially inherited mutation in a cancer susceptibility gene, both prior to and after incorporating tumor‐only NGS results. High‐risk patients (determined from NGS results) were contacted and counseled in person by a genetic counselor (N = 21). When possible and indicated, germline genetic testing was offered. Of 8 evaluable high‐risk patients, 7 underwent germline testing. Three (37.5%) had confirmed actionable germline mutations (all in the BRCA2 gene). NGS offers promise, but poses significant challenges for oncologists who are ill prepared to handle incidental findings that have clinical implications for at risk family members. In this relatively small cohort of patients undergoing tumor genomic testing for gastrointestinal malignancies, we incidentally identified 3 BRCA2 mutations carriers. This report underscores the need for oncologists to develop a framework for pre‐ and post‐test communication of risks to patients undergoing routine tumor‐only sequencing.
A New Approach to Investigate the Association between Brain Functional Connectivity and Disease Characteristics of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Topological Neuroimaging Data Analysis

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently diagnosed by a diagnostic interview, mainly based on subjective reports from parents or teachers. It is necessary to develop methods that rely on objectively measureable neurobiological data to assess brain-behavior relationship in patients with ADHD. We investigated the application of a topological data analysis tool, Mapper, to analyze the brain functional connectivity data from ADHD patients. Methods To quantify the disease severity using the neuroimaging data, the decomposition of individual functional networks into normal and disease components by the healthy state model (HSM) was performed, and the magnitude of the disease component (MDC) was computed. Topological data analysis using Mapper was performed to distinguish children with ADHD (n = 196) from typically developing controls (TDC) (n = 214). Results In the topological data analysis, the partial clustering results of patients with ADHD and normal subjects were shown in a chain-like graph. In the correlation analysis, the MDC showed a significant increase with lower intelligence scores in TDC. We also found that the rates of comorbidity in ADHD significantly increased when the deviation of the functional connectivity from HSM was large. In addition, a significant correlation between ADHD symptom severity and MDC was found in part of the dataset. Conclusions The application of HSM and topological data analysis methods in assessing the brain functional connectivity seem to be promising tools to quantify ADHD symptom severity and to reveal the hidden relationship between clinical phenotypic variables and brain connectivity.
Automated Web Evaluation by Guideline Review

A novel approach is presented for automatically evaluating of the usability and accessibility (U&A) of web sites by performing a static analysis of their HTML code against U&A guidelines. The approach relies on separating guidelines evaluation logic from the evaluation engine. Due to this separation, the whole evaluation process can be divided into two main phases: specifying formal guidelines and web page evaluation. In the first phase, the formal structure of a guideline is expressed in terms of Guideline Definition Language (GDL). In the second phase, the web page is parsed to identify its contents and structure and link them to relevant guidelines to be evaluated on the page parsed. This approach enables the simultaneous evaluation of multiple guidelines selected on demand from different sources. It also optimises evaluation by automatically identifying common sub-structures among structured guidelines. It also supports the expression, by evaluators with different usability practises, of alternative evaluation strategies.
Pharmacological activation of CB2 receptors counteracts the deleterious effect of ethanol on cell proliferation in the main neurogenic zones of the adult rat brain

Chronic alcohol exposure reduces endocannabinoid activity and disrupts adult neurogenesis in rodents, which results in structural and functional alterations. Cannabinoid receptor agonists promote adult neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation. We evaluated the protective effects of the selective CB1 receptor agonist ACEA, the selective CB2 receptor agonist JWH133 and the fatty-acid amide-hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597, which enhances endocannabinoid receptor activity, on NPC proliferation in rats with forced consumption of ethanol (10%) or sucrose liquid diets for 2 weeks. We performed immunohistochemical and stereological analyses of cells expressing the mitotic phosphorylation of histone-3 (phospho-H3+) and the replicating cell DNA marker 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU+) in the main neurogenic zones of adult brain: subgranular zone of dentate gyrus (SGZ), subventricular zone of lateral ventricles (SVZ) and hypothalamus. Animals were allowed ad libitum ethanol intake (7.3 ± 1.1 g/kg/day) after a controlled isocaloric pair-feeding period of sucrose and alcoholic diets. Alcohol intake reduced the number of BrdU+ cells in SGZ, SVZ, and hypothalamus. The treatments (URB597, ACEA, JWH133) exerted a differential increase in alcohol consumption over time, but JWH133 specifically counteracted the deleterious effect of ethanol on NPC proliferation in the SVZ and SGZ, and ACEA reversed this effect in the SGZ only. JWH133 also induced an increased number of BrdU+ cells expressing neuron-specific β3-tubulin in the SVZ and SGZ. These results indicated that the specific activation of CB2 receptors rescued alcohol-induced impaired NPC proliferation, which is a potential clinical interest for the risk of neural damage in alcohol dependence.
INTRA-URBAN LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGES USING THE C 4 . 5 ALGORITHM

Nowadays, the availability of high-resolution images has increased the number of researches on urban land use and land cover classification. Most of them have used object oriented image analysis with successful results. Although object oriented analysis offers effective tools to represent the knowledge of the scene, the tasks of building semantic network and selecting attributes are time-consuming. These processes demand considerable prior knowledge of the scene and of the urban object characteristics. Therefore, we propose to use the C4.5 decision tree algorithm to help semantic network construction and attribute selection processes. This algorithm selects the best subset of attributes based on an entropy measure and organizes the classes in a decision tree structure. To evaluate the performance of C4.5 algorithm, we conduced a land cover classification in an urban area of São José dos Campos (São Paulo state, Brazil). Two experiments were performed, one based on specialist knowledge using E-Cognition 4.1TM system and the other based on the decision tree generated by C4.5 algorithm. Both provided similar results although the C4.5 experiment was faster than the other. * Corresponding author.
Personality and conflict in principal-agent relations based on subjective performance evaluations *

We analyze the role of conflict in principal-agent environments with subjective performance evaluations, reciprocal agents and endogenous feelings of entitlements. By explicitly modeling conflict as the reciprocal reaction of agents that feel unkindly treated, we reveal intriguing welfare effects associated with the agents’ personality and provide a rational for the widespread use of personality tests in recruitment and promotion processes. Finally, we extend our framework to allow principals to choose their evaluation procedure and show, for example, that even if it is costless to choose a high quality evaluation procedure, principals might not find it optimal to do so.
Routing Path Determination Using QoS Metrics and Priority Based Evolutionary Optimization

Last decade has noticed an enormous growth of Internet based information services and applications such as Email, Teleconferencing, Videophony or VoIP etc. All these applications have different QoS (Quality of Service) expectations (bandwidth, delay, jitter and reliability etc). The purpose and the benefits from these applications could be blemished if the underlying communication network does not fulfills the QoS requirements. However, different applications have different prioritized QoS requirements. Some applications put heavy demands of bandwidth, some require a more degree of reliability while some expect a negligible response time and so on. So there is always a need of routing strategy which is not only efficient and precise but guarantees the QoS measure as according to application's priorities also. Tackling the issue, this paper presents the use of priority based Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization algorithms to find the optimal routes for the data flows of various QoS classes via optimizing multiple QoS parameters namely response time, bandwidth requirements and reliability according to their importance for the application under consideration.
Implicit Contracts, Incentive Com-patibility, and Involuntary Unemployment

The theoretical foundations of efficiency wages are explored for a model with employees' performance unverifiable. The set of outcomes implementable by self-enforcing (perfect equilibrium) implicit bilateral contracts is characterized. Market equilibrium is then analyzed. Perfect equilibria exist with any division between firm and employee of the gains from employment and with unfilled vacancies and unemployed workers occurring together. A renegotiation proofness criterion ensures that either all workers are employed or all jobs filled, but any division of the gains is still possible. Restrictions on beliefs that result in a Walrasian outcome, and in an efficiency wage outcome, are explored. Copyright 1989 by The Econometric Society.
Exact Feedback Linearization of Stochastic Control Systems

This paper studies exact linearization methods for stochastic SISO affine controlled dynamical systems. The systems are defined as vectorfield triplets in Euclidean space. The goal is to find, for a given nonlinear stochastic system, a combination of invertible transformations which transform the system into a controllable linear form. Of course, for most nonlinear systems such transformation does not exist. We are focused on linearization by state coordinate transformation combined with feedback. The difference between Ito and Stratonovich systems is emphasized. Moreover, we define three types of linearity of stochastic systems -- g-linearity, sigma-linearity, and g sigma-linearity. Six variants of the stochastic exact linearization problem are studied. The most useful problem -- the Ito-g sigma linearization is solved using the correcting term, which proved to be a very useful tool for Ito systems. The results are illustrated on a numerical example solved with help of symbolic algebra.
Analytical Bounds on Maximum-Likelihood Decoded Linear Codes with Applications to Turbo-Like Codes: An Overview

Upper and lower bounds on the error probability of linear codes under maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding are shortly surveyed and applied to ensembles of codes on graphs. For upper bounds, focus is put on Gallager bounding techniques and their relation to a variety of other reported bounds. Within the class of lower bounds, we address de Caen? s based bounds and their improvements, sphere-packing bounds, and information-theoretic bounds on the bit error probability of codes defined on graphs. A comprehensive overview is provided in the monograph.
Some combinatorial aspects of the spectra of normally distributed random matrices

The vehicle air conditioning system comprises the usual compressor, evaporator and condenser connected together in operative relationship. Capillary tube refrigerant expansion means are provided between the condenser and evaporator. A suction accumulator is provided between the evaporator and compressor so that the system will be effective when the compressor operates at variable speeds, the condenser is subjected to variable ambient temperatures and the evaporator is subjected to a variable load.
Inferior short-term safety profile of endoscopic third ventriculostomy compared with ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND In small series, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been shown to potentially have efficacy similar to that of ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Therefore, some clinicians have advocated for ETV to avoid the potential long-term complications associated with VPS. Complication rates for these procedures vary widely based on limited small series data. OBJECTIVE We used a nationwide database that provides a comprehensive investigation of the perioperative safety of ETV for iNPH compared with VPS. METHODS We identified discharges with the primary diagnosis of iNPH (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 331.5 [ICD-9]) with ICD-9 primary procedure codes for VPS (02.34) and ETV (02.2) from 2007 to 2010. We analyzed short-term safety outcomes using univariate and hierarchical logistic regression analyses. RESULTS There were a total of 652 discharges for ETV for iNPH and 12,845 discharges for VPS for iNPH over the study period. ETV was associated with a significantly higher mortality (3.2% vs 0.5%) and short-term complication (17.9% vs 11.8%) rates than VPS despite similar mean modified comorbidity scores. On multivariate analysis, ETV alone predicted increased mortality and increased length of stay when adjusted for other patient and hospital factors. CONCLUSION This is the first study that robustly assesses the perioperative complications and safety outcomes of ETV for iNPH. Compared with VPS, ETV is associated with higher perioperative mortality and complication rates. This consideration is important to weigh against the potential benefit of ETV: avoiding long-term shunt dependence. Prospective, randomized studies are needed.