Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystal structures of N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (monoclinic polymorph) and N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide1

The title molecules, HL1 and HL2, differ in their conformation with the pyridine ring being inclined to the pyrazine ring by 61.34 (6) and 84.33 (12)°, respectively. The crystal packing is also slightly different, with molecules of HL1 linked by pairs of N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers, while for HL2 molecules are linked by N—H⋯N and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [010].
The Impact of Gender, Socioeconomic Status and Home Language on Primary School Children’s Reading Comprehension in KwaZulu-Natal

The current study constituted part of a larger, longitudinal, South African-based study, namely, The Road and Aircraft Noise Exposure on Children’s Cognition and Health (RANCH—South Africa). In the context of a multicultural South Africa and varying demographic variables thereof, this study sought to investigate and describe the effects of gender, socioeconomic status and home language on primary school children’s reading comprehension in KwaZulu-Natal. In total, 834 learners across 5 public schools in the KwaZulu-Natal province participated in the study. A biographical questionnaire was used to obtain biographical data relevant to this study, and the Suffolk Reading Scale 2 (SRS2) was used to obtain reading comprehension scores. The findings revealed that there was no statistical difference between males and females on reading comprehension scores. In terms of socioeconomic status (SES), learners from a low socioeconomic background performed significantly better than those from a high socioeconomic background. English as a First Language (EL1) speakers had a higher mean reading comprehension score than speakers who spoke English as an Additional Language (EAL). Reading comprehension is indeed affected by a variety of variables, most notably that of language proficiency. The tool to measure reading comprehension needs to be standardized and administered in more than one language, which will ensure increased reliability and validity of reading comprehension scores.
Polymorphism of the rod visual pigment between allopatric populations of the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus): a microspectrophotometric study

SUMMARY Absorbance spectra were measured by microspectrophotometry in retinal rods of sand gobies (Pomatoschistus minutus) from four allopatric populations (Baltic Sea, Swedish west coast, English Channel and Adriatic Sea). Mean (± s.e.m.) wavelengths of maximum absorbance (λmax) were 508.3±0.5 nm, 505.4±0.2 nm, 506.2±0.3 nm and 503.0±0.3 nm, respectively. Pairwise comparison between the populations (post-ANOVA Scheffe's test) shows that each of the λmax differences, except that between the Swedish west coast and the English Channel, is statistically significant (P<0.05). The shapes of the absorbance spectra indicated that the pigments were A1 rhodopsins with no measurable admixture of the A2 chromophore. Thus, the differences indicate polymorphism in the protein part (opsin) of the pigment. Convolution of A1 templates forλ max values 508.3 nm and 503.0 nm with quantum spectra of the downwelling light at two locations at the south-west coast of Finland indicated that a 13-19% improvement in quantum catch would accrue in the Baltic environment from the 5.3 nm red-shift of the rod pigment of Baltic compared with Adriatic sand gobies.
Association of Elevated Amyloid Levels With Cognition and Biomarkers in Cognitively Normal People From the Community.

IMPORTANCE The role of amyloid in the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathophysiology is of central interest to the design of randomized clinical trials. The presence of amyloid has become a prerequisite for enrollment in several secondary prevention trials for AD, yet the precise effect of elevated amyloid levels on subsequent clinical and biomarker events is less certain. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of elevated amyloid levels on subsequent changes in cognition and biomarkers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 564 cognitively normal individuals (median age, 78 years) from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, a population-based longitudinal study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, with serial cognitive data were selected for this study. The data used in this study were collected from January 12, 2006, to January 9, 2014. Individuals included in this study had undergone magnetic resonance imaging, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), and Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) PET at baseline were not cognitively impaired at baseline and had at least 1 clinical follow-up. A subset of 286 individuals also underwent serial imaging. Elevated amyloid level was defined as a standardized uptake value ratio of greater than 1.5 on PiB PET. Associations with baseline amyloid status and baseline and longitudinal change in clinical and imaging measures were evaluated after adjusting for age and hippocampal volume. APOE4 effects were also evaluated. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cognitive measures of memory, language, attention/executive function, visuospatial skills, PiB levels, hippocampal and ventricular volumes, and FDG-PET measures. RESULTS At baseline, 179 (31.7%) individuals with elevated amyloid levels had poorer cognition in all domains measured, reduced hippocampal volume, and greater FDG-PET hypometabolism. Elevated amyloid levels at baseline were associated with a greater rate of cognitive decline in all domains (0.04 to 0.09 z score units per year) except language and a greater rate of amyloid accumulation (1.6% per year), hippocampal atrophy (30 mm3 per year), and ventricular enlargement (565 mm3 per year). Elevated amyloid levels were also associated with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.7-5.0, and hazard ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.9-2.8, for PiB+ APOE4 carriers and PiB+ noncarriers, respectively, compared with PiB- noncarriers). These associations were largely independent of APOE4. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In persons selected from a population-based study, elevated amyloid levels at baseline were associated with worse cognition and imaging biomarkers at baseline and with greater clinical decline and neurodegeneration. These results have implications for the design of randomized clinical trials for AD.
Human Neuroscience Original Research Article Early (n170/m170) Face-sensitivity despite Right Lateral Occipital Brain Damage in Acquired Prosopagnosia

Compared to objects, pictures of faces elicit a larger early electromagnetic response at occipito-temporal sites on the human scalp, with an onset of 130 ms and a peak at about 170 ms. This N170 face effect is larger in the right than the left hemisphere and has been associated with the early categorization of the stimulus as a face. Here we tested whether this effect can be observed in the absence of some of the visual areas showing a preferential response to faces as typically identified in neuroimaging. Event-related potentials were recorded in response to faces, cars, and their phase-scrambled versions in a well-known brain-damaged case of prosopagnosia (PS). Despite the patient's right inferior occipital gyrus lesion encompassing the most posterior cortical area showing preferential response to faces (" occipital face area "), we identified an early face-sensitive component over the right occipito-temporal hemisphere of the patient that was identified as the N170. A second experiment supported this conclusion, showing the typical N170 increase of latency and amplitude in response to inverted faces. In contrast, there was no N170 in the left hemisphere, where PS has a lesion to the middle fusiform gyrus and shows no evidence of face-preferential response in neuroimaging (no left " fusiform face area "). These results were replicated by a magnetoencephalographic investigation of the patient, disclosing a M170 component only in the right hemisphere. These observations indicate that face-preferential activation in the inferior occipital cortex is not necessary to elicit early visual responses associated with face perception (N170/M170) on the human scalp.These results further suggest that when the right inferior occipital cortex is damaged, the integrity of the middle fusiform gyrus and/or the superior temporal sulcus – two areas showing face-preferential responses in the patient's right hemisphere – might be necessary to generate the N170 effect.
Biomechanical Mechanisms: Resolving the Apparent Conundrum of Why Individuals With Type II Diabetes Show Increased Fracture Incidence Despite Having Normal BMD

The article in this issue of the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research by Farr and colleagues(1) highlights how clinical technologies enable our ability to identify biomechanical mechanisms contributing to musculoskeletal health and disease. Given that fractures are a mechanical event, establishing biomechanical mechanisms is as important as establishing molecular mechanisms to advance our understanding of how a disease condition ultimately leads to increased risk of fracturing.
Ulnar shortening osteotomy for ulnar ideopathic impaction syndrome

Twenty-eight patients were treated by ulnar shortening osteotomy for static or dynamic ulnar impaction syndrome. Ulnar variance was measured on a true anteroposterior radiograph. There were 25 wrists that were too long, two neutral, and one that was short. Bones were shortened by a mean of 3.5 mm. Mean follow-up time was 29 months (range 7–60), all with confirmed consolidation. At final follow-up mean grip strength had improved from 67% to 75%, mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score from 40 (range 12–83) to 26 (range 0–61) and mean range of movement from 80% (range 40%–100%) to 88% (range 50%–100%). Smoking, age at operation, type of osteotomy (transverse or oblique), dominance of hand, and sex did not influence consolidation or functionality. Special attention was paid to the anatomy of the distal radioulnar joint and the inclination of the sigmoid notch of the radius. There was no correlation between the anatomy and the functional outcome scores. Mean consolidation time (10 months) (range 2–32) and return to work were longer than in similar studies. Our findings confirm the usefulness of ulnar shortening osteotomy in the relief of ulnocarpal impingement symptoms.
A Multi-theoretical Framework for Social Network-based Recommendation

Traditional recommender system research often explores customer demographics, product characteristics, and transactions in providing recommendations. This study investigates the recommendation problem based on social network information. In light of the social network theories on the formation of a social network and its impact on human behavior, we present a multi-theoretical framework to model multiple facets of social relations for recommendation. Taking a kernel-based framework, we design and select kernels describing individuals’ similarities projected by social network theories. Moreover, we employ a non-linear multiple kernel learning approach to combine the kernels to increase the dimension of models on assessing individuals’ opinions. We evaluate our proposed framework on a real-world movie review dataset. The experiments show that our framework provides more accurate recommendations than trust-based methods, the collaborative filtering approach, and individual kernels. Further analysis shows that kernels derived from contagion theory and homophily theory contribute a larger portion of the framework.
Successful treatment of pulmonary hemangioma with propranolol

Pulmonary hemangioma is a rare benign tumor of the lungs. Airway hemangiomas in particular may lead to feeding difficulties, barking cough, stridor, respiratory distress, and even acute airway obstruction. Hence, such hemangiomas usually require early and aggressive treatment; however, the treatment modalities employed so far have been associated with their own co‐morbidities and potential long‐term adverse effects for the developing child. Here, we report a case of 9‐month‐old girl who presented with dyspnea and diagnosed pulmonary hemangioma in the lower lobe of left lung. Propranolol is now used as a first line treatment for infantile hemangiomas by many practitioners so we experienced propranolol treatment. This case report argues the first case of pulmonary hemangioma treated with propranolol successfully. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:829–833. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of an In-Service Training Program Using the Routines-Based Interview

The focus of this study is an in-service training program rooted in routines-based early intervention and designed to improve the quality of goals and objectives on individualized plans. Participants were local intervention team members and other professionals who worked closely with each team. This training program involved a small number of trainees per group, providing multiple learning experiences across time and various opportunities for self-assessment and monitoring. We investigated (a) the perceptions of the participants about the strengths and weaknesses of the training program, (b) medium-term outcomes of the training with a comparison group, (c) and variables associated with the quality of goals and objectives. This study involved training more than 200 professionals, and results support the effectiveness of the program in improving the quality of goals and objectives, showing the importance of the routines-based interview in producing that improvement.
Drawing the True You: Redefining Self-Perception Using an Integrated, Multisensory Intervention

Abstract This article includes a description of a creative intervention to build and foster self-esteem in women who are addicted to drugs and alcohol. The author, while a counselor-in-training, was tasked with implementing a self-esteem psycho-education group for women with substance abuse addiction and criminal backgrounds at a women’s recovery center in the central United States. The resources provided and referenced did not seem adequate; therefore, the author developed The True You intervention as a way to creatively reveal and enhance the self-esteem of each group member. An example of the intervention and a discussion of the adaptations and limitations are provided.
Content-free cueing and 'Remembering Goals' Training : the rehabilitation of prospective memory deficits in a paediatric population

9 Introduction.11 The rehabilitation of prospective memory.12 Rationale and objective.13 Method.14 Eligibility criteria.14 Information sources.15 Search terms.16 Study selection and data collection process.16 Data items.16 Risk of bias in individual studies and across studies.17 Summary measures and planned method of analysis.18 Results.20 Study selection.20 Study characteristics.21 Content-specific cues.21 Content-free cues and metacognitive methods.23 Evidence of the possible remediation of prospective memory functioning.23 Discussion.33 Critique of research included in the review.33 Critique of review.34 THESIS 3 Trainee Number: 12/01017 Implications for clinical practice.35 Implications for theory and research.36 Conclusions.37 References.39 EMPIRICAL PAPER.46 Acknowledgements.47 Abstract.48. 48 Introduction.50 Prospective Memory.50 The Development of Prospective Memory in Children and Adolescents.53 Impairments in Prospective Memory Function in Children and Adolescents.53 The Rehabilitation of Prospective Memory in a Paediatric Population.55 Rationale and Aim of Current Study.58 Research Questions.59 Research Hypotheses.59 Method.60 Design.60 Participants.60 Inclusion and exclusion criteria.61 Sample Characteristics.62 Ethical Considerations for Empirical Research.65 Apparatus and Materials.65 Background assessment.65 Characterisation measures.65 User Consultation.68 Outcome Measures.68 THESIS 4 Trainee Number: 12/01017 Text messaging task.68 Real-life goal task.69 Behavioural questionnaire.69 Feedback.69 Procedure.70 Data Analysis Plan.73 Results.75 Sample Characteristics.75 Prospective Memory Task Performance.77 Hypothesis one: Daily prospective memory text-messaging task performance.77 Hypothesis two: Daily prospective memory real-life goal task performance.87 Exploratory Analysis of Subjective Rating Scales.92 Qualitative Feedback.96 Discussion.97 Methodological Critique and Direction for Future Research.99 Evaluation of study design.99 Evaluation of measures, sample, and analyses.100 Theoretical and Clinical Implications and Future Directions.103 Conclusion.106 References.107 Appendices.117 A. Description of Recruitment Difficulties.118 B. Flow Diagram of Recruitment Process.120 C. Proof of NHS and University Ethics Approval.121 THESIS 5 Trainee Number: 12/01017 D. Risk Protocol.127 E. Clinical Interview Proforma.129 F. Psychometric Properties of Neurocognitive Assessment.131 G. Intervention Feedback Form.134 H. Information Sheets.135 I. GMT Presentation and Handout.151 J. Summary of Qualitative Feedback.161 K. Subjective Experiences of Intervention.162 L. Dissemination Statement.163 THESIS 6 Trainee Number: 12/01017 List of Tables Literature review Table 1. Summary of studies pertaining to content-specific compensatory strategies included in the systematic review.25 Table 2. Summary of studies pertaining to content-free and metacognitive compensatory strategies included in the systematic review.31
MDR1 (multidrug resistence 1) can regulate GCS (glucosylceramide synthase) in breast cancer cells

Besides MDR1/P‐glycoprotein (MDR1/P‐gp), glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), an enzyme, which transfers UDP–glucose to ceramide to form glucosylceramide was also related with multidrug resistance (MDR) in breast cancer. Although many research showed that GCS could affect mdr1 in cancer cells, nobody knows that whether mdr1 can affect GCS in breast cancer. Our study aims to verify that.
MODELING USER ACCEPTANCE OF INTERNET BANKING IN MALAYSIA: A PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE (PLS) APPROACH

This study is the first empirical research that compares three well known technology adoption models in the in the field of e-banking. It aims to determine the dominant factor(s) which influence the user intention to use Internet banking. Three models (TAM, TPB and TRA) were used to test the impact of five factors (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control) on intention to adopt e-banking by 239 individual bank customers in Malaysia. Survey questions from prior studies were adopted and customized. Regression analyses were used for data analysis. Results reveal that the five factors have a direct positive effect on behavioral intention to use Internet banking. However, attitude toward behavior has the highest beta, followed by perceived usefulness, and subjective norm, while perceived behavioral control exerts the weakest effect. In testing the explanatory power of the different models, results found TAM model has the best explanatory power, followed by TPB and TRA models. Findings of the study should benefit banks in improving their use of e-banking technologies as a strategic weapon, and can be used to target more potential customers.
IMPACT OF PRESCRIBED ACTIVITY RESTRICTION DURING PREGNANCY ON WOMEN AND FAMILIES

Using grounded theory, I examined the experience of women and their families of prescribed activity restriction during pregnancy for treatment of preterm labor. The major finding in this study suggests that women and their families see themselves as "doing the best we can" as they attempt to balance the demands of activity restriction and the needs of individuals and the family. Invariably, maternal activity restriction resulted in increased emotional distress and, in some cases, family disruption. Those who succeeded in establishing a balance between these competing demands saw themselves as "doing okay" and found the emotional distress and family disruption to be manageable. In contrast, those who had difficulty balancing competing demands described themselves as "on the edge" and experienced uncomfortable levels of emotional distress and, occasionally, significant disruptions to the family. Conditions associated with these two modes of functioning, as well as consequences of this experience for women and their families, are identified.
Are Males and Elderly People more Consumer Ethnocentric

This paper explores the relationship between demographic variables and consumer ethnocentrism. A sample of 204 consumers was interviewed over a two-month period through a structured questionnaire administered through personal and telephone interviews. Consumer ethnocentrism was measured by the CETSCALE and the research hypotheses were rejected for the occupation, education and income variables. Gender and age were the only two significant demographic variables that were positively related to consumer ethnocentrism. Mauritians who were more ethnocentric were the males and those in the age group 50 – 59 years old.
Hormonal and metabolic characteristics of premenopausal women with a history of preeclamptic pregnancy

Objective. To investigate whether women with a history of preeclampsia have more signs of hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in the premenopausal period than women with history of normotensive pregnancies. Design. Case–control study. Setting. University Hospital. Sample. Eighteen women with a history of preeclamptic first pregnancy and 19 women with prior normotensive first pregnancy studied 23–24 years after delivery. Methods. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Matsuda's whole‐body insulin sensitivity index, serum concentrations of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone‐binding globulin, and total and free calculated testosterone were assessed. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotype was defined using Rotterdam criteria. Main outcome measures. Insulin sensitivity, metabolic syndrome and signs of hyperandrogenism. Results. Insulin sensitivity and total and free testosterone were similar in the two groups. However, in women with prior preeclampsia and FSH below the median, calculated free testosterone levels were higher than in women with prior preeclampsia and FSH above the median (median 13.4 range (8.0–22.5) vs. 7.1 (5.1–20.5), p = 0.03). Of the women with previous preeclampsia, 17% (3/18) had metabolic syndrome and 11% (2/18) PCOS, versus 11% (2/19) and 0% of the controls, respectively. Conclusions. In women with prior preeclampsia, premenopause was not associated with insulin resistance, but signs of hyperandrogenism were present if FSH was within a premenopausal level.
Surfactant protein A exhibits inhibitory effect on eosinophils IL-8 production.

Eosinophils are believed to be one of the important sources of cytokines such as IL-8 at the site of allergic inflammation. It has been demonstrated that pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays a potential role in modifying inflammation and the immune function. To verify the regulating effect of SP-A on eosinophil cytokine generation, we studied the effect of SP-A by determining of IL-8 production and expression stimulated with sIgA or PMA. SP-A purified from surfactant recovered from patients with alveolar proteinosis was added to eosinophils isolated by the negative selection method with immunomagnetic beads, and cultured for 24 h. The concentrations of IL-8 in the cell-free supernatants and cell lysates were then measured by ELISA. We also used a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the effect of SP-A on IL-8 mRNA expression. SP-A inhibited the secretion of IL-8 in a dose-dependent fashion. Suppression of IL-8 production by SP-A was significantly inhibited by SP-A antibody (PE10). SP-A also attenuated expression of IL-8 mRNA in eosinophils. These results indicate that SP-A might have the potential role to modify allergic inflammation by inhibiting IL-8 expression and production from eosinophils.