Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of glutamate agonist versus procaine microinjections into the basal forebrain cholinergic cell area upon gamma and theta EEG activity and sleep–wake state

Serving as the ventral, extra‐thalamic relay from the brainstem reticular activating system to the cerebral cortex, basal forebrain neurons, including importantly the cholinergic cells therein, are believed to play a significant role in eliciting and maintaining cortical activation during the states of waking and paradoxical sleep. The present study was undertaken in rats to examine the effects upon electroencephalogram (EEG) activity and sleep–wake state of inactivating basal forebrain neurons with microinjections of procaine versus activating them with microinjections of agonists of glutamate, which is the primary neurotransmitter of the brainstem reticular activating system. Microinjections into the basal forebrain were performed using a remotely controlled device in freely moving, naturally sleeping/waking rats during the day when they are asleep the majority of the time. Procaine produced a decrease in gamma (30–60 Hz) and theta (4–8 Hz) EEG activities, and an increase in delta (1–4 Hz) associated with a loss of paradoxical sleep, despite the persistence of slow wave sleep. α‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) produced an increase in gamma and a decrease in delta, while eliciting waking. In addition, NMDA, which has been shown in vitro to induce rhythmic bursting in the cholinergic cells, significantly increased theta activity. Following the microinjections of NMDA, c‐Fos protein, which has been shown to reflect neural activity, was found in numerous cholinergic, and also GABAergic (γ‐aminobutyric acid) and other non‐cholinergic neurons, in the substantia innominata and magnocellular preoptic nucleus near the microinjection cannulae. These results substantiate the role of cholinergic, possibly together with other, basal forebrain neurons in cortical activation, including elicitation of gamma and theta activities that underlie cortical arousal during waking and paradoxical sleep.
FAULTSIM : A fast , configurable memory-resilience simulator

Recent studies of DRAM failures in data centers and supercomputer environments have highlighted non-uniform failure modes in DRAM chips. Failures fall into different classes depending on the source of the failure (e.g., an I/O pin, rank, bank, row, column, or bit). These failures will be common in future memory technologies. To mitigate them, memory systems employ complex error correcting codes and fault repair mechanisms. One way to evaluate the relative potency of these mechanisms is with analytical models, which are time-consuming to derive. Therefore, we propose FaultSim, a configurable memory-reliability simulation tool for 2D and 3D-stacked memories. FaultSim uses Monte Carlo methods, real-world failure statistics and novel algorithms to accelerate evaluation of different resilience schemes. Using multi-granularity failure rates from field studies with BCH-1 (SECDED) and ChipKill codes, simulated results are within 0.41% and 1.13% of an approximate analytical model, respectively.
Design procedure of switched reluctance motor used for electric car drive

This paper presents a Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) design procedure for an electric car drive system. Determination of geometrical dimensions, calculation of static parameters as well as the losses and efficiency is discussed. A dynamic SRM model is outlined and used to calculate the output characteristics of torque and power as functions of the speed. It is shown that the designed SRM satisfies the performance requirements.
EVAPORATION FROM SIMULATED SOIL PORES: EFFECTS OF WETTABILITY, LIQUID ISLANDS, AND BREAKUP

Two-thirds of worldwide water withdrawals are for agriculture; this represents a key challenge in the food–energy– water nexus. In the U.S. Central High Plains, the Ogallala aquifer—the primary water source for agriculture—is depleting. Reducing water evaporation from soil provides an opportunity to decrease irrigation, thus conserving water resources. In this study, evaporation phenomena of 4 μL sessile water droplets were analyzed from a simulated soil pore created with 2.38 mm hydrophilic glass and hydrophobic Teflon beads. The experiments were conducted at 22◦C and 60% relative humidity. Two geometries were studied: symmetric (i.e., center-to-center spacing between the beads of 3.1 mm) and asymmetric (i.e., center-to-center spacings of 2.7 mm and 2.8 mm). Evaporation phenomena were recorded using a high-speed camera and evaporation times were recorded. Evaporation was faster from the hydrophilic pore (e.g., 34 min) compared to the hydrophobic pore (e.g., 42 min) in the symmetric configuration, due in part to greater air–water contact areas. Spacing between the beads affected evaporation, as evaporation rates to completely evaporate the droplet were slower for hydrophilic (e.g., 44 min) and hydrophobic (e.g., 56 min) pores in the asymmetric configuration. The formation of liquid island, projected area, liquid island contact angles, volume, and rupture strength of droplet were analyzed for all four combinations. The droplet retained its initial projected area, wetted length, and volume for a certain time during evaporation from Teflon pores (e.g., 5–10 min), while these parameters decreased simultaneously during evaporation from glass pores.
Acute Phase Haemolysis in Chronic Cold Agglutinin Disease

We previously described a paradoxical form of chronic cold agglutinin disease (CAD) in which haemolysis occurred during episodes of fever but only marginally during exposure to colds. In order to investigate the molecular basis for this response we performed a 12‐month prospective study of a patient with CAD and paradoxical haemolysis. Blood samples were collected monthly during health, and daily following hospitalization owing to hip fracture. During health we observed decreased levels of C3, undetectable C4, a non‐functional classical pathway and a normal alternative pathway. Increased concentrations of C1‐INH/C1rs complexes indicated continuous formation of C1‐antibody‐antigen complexes. There was a low‐grade temperature‐dependent fluctuating haemolysis as evidenced from measurements of lactate dehydrogenase. Following the hip fracture, the haemolysis increased. Levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, interferon (IFN)‐γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α increased as did C1‐INH, C3, C4, CRP, and lactate dehydrogenase. The results support our hypothesis stating that paradoxical haemolysis in CAD is controlled by the availability of early classical pathway complement molecules and that haemolysis following acute phase responses occurs as a consequence of increased complement synthesis.
Red but not white meat consumption is associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and lipid peroxidation in Brazilian middle-aged men

Background The influence of diet on metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress are not completely known. Design This cross-sectional study assessed the association of red meat and white meat consumption with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and lipid peroxidation in Brazilian middle-aged men. Methods A total of 296 subjects (age: 50.5 ± 5.0 years, body mass index: 25.8 ± 3.5 kg/m2) were evaluated. Anthropometry, lifestyle features, blood biochemical parameters, diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, a lipid peroxidation marker (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and triglycerides:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were assessed. Dietary intake was estimated by a food frequency questionnaire. Results The subjects included in the highest tertile red meat (≥81.5 g/d) and saturated fatty acid from red meat consumption (≥4.3 g/d) had higher occurrence of central obesity (nearly 60%, p < 0.01), hypertriglyceridaemia (nearly 43%, p < 0.01) and metabolic syndrome (35%, p < 0.01). They also had higher values of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, regardless of interfering factors. There were no associations of highest white meat tertile (≥39.4 g/d) and saturated fatty acid from white meat (≥1.0 g/d) consumption with the assessed parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusions Red meat consumption was cross-sectionally associated with the occurrence of central obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia, and metabolic syndrome as well as with higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, oxidized low-density lipoprotein concentrations and triglycerides:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. The content of saturated fatty acid from red meat consumption may be a factor that contributed to this relationship, while white meat consumption was not associated with metabolic syndrome and the assessed biomarkers.
Analytical Fragility Curves for Multispan Continuous Steel Girder Bridges in Moderate Seismic Zones

Multispan continuous steel girder bridges are one of the most common bridge types in the central and southeastern United States. Seismic fragility curves for these highway bridges are essential for risk assessment of highway transportation networks exposed to seismic hazards. This study focuses on developing and comparing fragility curves for seismically and nonseismically designed bridges that are common in this region. The primary differences between seismically and nonseismically designed bridges are the column details and bridge bearings. Detailed three-dimensional (3-D) nonlinear analytical models, which account for the nonlinear behavior of the column, girders, and abutments, are developed with the use of the OpenSees platform. The fragility curves are developed with a suite of ground motions representative of the seismic hazard in the region. Unlike most previous studies, the fragility curves are developed with geometric variations such as column height, deck width, and length considered to study the effect of these variations on the fragility curves within the same class of bridges. The results provide insight into the level of uncertainty introduced in the analysis of fragility curves for portfolios of bridges with the use of 3-D analytical models and nonlinear time–history analyses. Component and system fragility curves are obtained and are compared for the case of nonseismically and seismically designed bridges.
On Search Engine Evaluation Metrics

Die Suchmaschinen-Evaluationsforschung verfugt uber zahlreiche Mase. Erst in den letzten Jahren wurde die Frage aufgebracht, wie aussagekraftig einzelne Mase sind; in den meisten Fallen gibt es keine Untersuchungen zum Zusammenhang der Mase mit realen Nutzererlebnissen. Der erste Teil der Dissertation bietet einen Uberblick uber vorherige Publikationen zu Evaluationen von Evaluationsmasen sowie kritische Auseinandersetzungen mit einzelnen Studien und Ansatzen. Im zweiten Teil wird ein Meta-Evaluationsmas (Preference Identification Ratio/PIR) vorgestellt, das die Fahigkeit eines Evaluationsmases zum Erfassen von Nutzerpraferenzen abbildet. Zusatzlich wird ein Framework eingefuhrt, das es erlaubt, viele Evaluationsmase gleichzeitig unter Variation ihrer Parameter und Evaluationsansatzen zu untersuchen. Sowohl PIR als auch das Meta-Evaluationsframework werden im Rahmen einer Studie getestet, die interessante vorlaufige Ergebnisse vorweisen kann; insbesondere erscheint das Hinterfragen der Aussage von Masen oder ihren Parametern zweckmasig zu sein. Diese Evaluationsmethoden sollten ihrerseits im Hinblick auf die Ziele einer Untersuchung im Voraus evaluiert werden.
Aripiprazole for Maladaptive Behavior in Mental Retardation: Case Reports

OZET: Zekâ geriliinde gorulen davran›fl sorunlar› icin aripiprazol: Olgu bildirimleri Aripiprazol ozgul farmakolojik ozelliklere sahip yeni bir an- tipsikotik ilac olup, k›smi dopamin agonisti olarak etkinlik gosteren ve ucuncu kuflak antipsikotik olarak isimlendirilen dopamin sistem dengeleyicisidir. Bu makalede zekâ gerilii olan uc ergende gorulen davran›fl sorunlar›n›n aripiprazol ile tedavi sonuclar› sunulmaktad›r. Bu olgular›n ikisi zekâ gerilii ve yayg›n geliflimsel bozukluk tan›s›, biri yaln›z zekâ gerilii tan›s› ile aripiprazol 5-10 mg/gun dozlar›nda teda- viye al›nm›flt›r. Bir ayl›k ilac tedavisi yan›t› Sorun Davran›fllar Kontrol Listesi, Conners Ana-Baba Derecelendirme Olcei, Klinik Global ‹zlenim - Deiflim Olcei ile; ilac yan etkileri UKU Yan etki Derecelendirme Olcei ile deerlendirilmifltir. Aripiprazol'un bu uc olguda iyi tolere edilmifl ve belli du- zeylerde etkinlik gostermifl olmas› zihinsel yetersizlii ve yayg›n geliflimsel bozukluu olanlarda guvenli ve etkili ola- bilecei yonunde deerlendirilmifltir. Klinik olcumlere gore ancak bir hastan›n tedaviye yan›t verdii soylenebilse de dier iki olguda da olumlu deifliklikler (k›smi yan›t) izlen- mifltir. K›sa tedavi suresi, gorece dufluk ortalama tedavi dozlar›na ramen bu sonuclar tedavisi guc hasta grubunda aripiprazolun bir tedavi secenei oluflturabileceine iflaret etmektedir. Etkinlik ve guvenlik konular›n› inceleyen gele- cekteki klinik cal›flmalar aripiprazolun bu hasta grubunda yeni bir tedavi secenei olup olamayaca¤› sorusuna yan›t verebilecektir.
CXCL1/Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-2-Induced Angiogenesis In Vivo Is Mediated by Neutrophil-Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A1

The angiogenic activity of CXC-ELR+ chemokines, including CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL1/macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and CXCL1/growth-related oncogene-α in the Matrigel sponge angiogenesis assay in vivo, is strictly neutrophil dependent, as neutrophil depletion of the animals completely abrogates the angiogenic response. In this study, we demonstrate that mice deficient in the src family kinases, Hck and Fgr (hck−/−fgr−/−), are unable to develop an angiogenic response to CXCL1/MIP-2, although they respond normally to vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). Histological examination of the CXCL1/MIP-2-containing Matrigel implants isolated from wild-type or hck−/−fgr−/− mice showed the presence of an extensive neutrophil infiltrate, excluding a defective neutrophil recruitment into the Matrigel sponges. Accordingly, neutrophils from hck−/−fgr−/− mice normally migrated and released gelatinase B in response to CXCL1/MIP-2 in vitro, similarly to wild-type neutrophils. However, unlike wild-type neutrophils, those from hck−/−fgr−/− mice were completely unable to release VEGF-A upon stimulation with CXCL1/MIP-2. Furthermore, neutralizing anti-VEGF-A Abs abrogated the angiogenic response to CXCL1/MIP-2 in wild-type mice and CXCL1/MIP-2 induced angiogenesis in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay, indicating that neutrophil-derived VEGF-A is a major mediator of CXCL1/MIP-2-induced angiogenesis. Finally, in vitro kinase assays confirmed that CXCL1/MIP-2 activates Hck and Fgr in murine neutrophils. Taken together, these data demonstrate that CXCL1/MIP-2 leads to recruitment of neutrophils that, in turn, release biologically active VEGF-A, resulting in angiogenesis in vivo. Our observations delineate a novel mechanism by which CXCL1/MIP-2 induces neutrophil-dependent angiogenesis in vivo.
Effects of a parenteral supplement of folic acid and its interaction with level of feed intake on hepatic tissues and growth performance of young dairy heifers.

Forty-seven dairy heifers of approximately 10 d of age were assigned to a factorial experiment in which a supplement of folic acid (0 or 40 mg) administered weekly by i.m. injection and level of feed intake were the two factors studied. The heifers were weaned after 5 wk of experimentation. Following weaning, and until the end of the experiment, 11 wk later, they had ad libitum access to grass hay and concentrates at two different levels, ad libitum or restricted, to allow a body weight gain of 700 g/d. A supplement of folic acid (P less than .05) and ad libitum access to feed (P less than .05) increased the mean concentration of serum folates. Blood hemoglobin and packed cell volume were not affected by the level of feed intake. However, they were both increased (P less than .05) by the supplement of folic acid. Average daily gain was analyzed over three different periods: 0 to 5 wk (before weaning), 5 to 10 wk, and 10 to 16 wk. Average daily gain was increased by the supplement of folic acid during the second period (P less than .05) and by ad libitum access to feed during the last two periods (P less than .05). Ad libitum access to feed increased (P less than .05) weight of the liver, decreased the (P less than .05) concentrations of RNA and DNA, and increased (P less than .05) the ratios of protein/DNA and RNA/DNA. The supplement of folic acid decreased (P less than .05) weight of the liver and increased the ratio RNA/DNA (P less than .05). These effects of supplement of folic acid on growth performance and on hematological cells may reflect a lack of folic acid during the weeks after weaning.
On Disjoint Cycles

It is shown, that for each constant k ≥ 1, the following problems can be solved in O(n) time: given a graph G, determine whether G has k vertex disjoint cycles, determine whether G has k edge disjoint cycles, determine whether G has a feedback vertex set of size ≤ k. Also, every class \(\mathcal{G}\), that is closed under minor taking, or that is closed under immersion taking, and that does not contain the graph formed by taking the disjoint union of k copies of K3, has an \(\mathcal{O}\)(n) membership test algorithm.
The use of brain magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a computerized method of depicting the morphology of anatomic structures in cross-section. The basic principles of this technique were discovered by two American physicists, Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell, in 1946, who were subsequently awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1952 for their work. The difficulties inherent in developing the necessary technology to construct the large magnets with excellent field uniformity delayed the clinical application of MRI until 1979.
A Hydrophobic Domain in Glutamate Transporters Forms an Extracellular Helix Associated with the Permeation Pathway for Substrates*

Recent work has shown that cysteine residues introduced into domain 10, a highly hydrophobic segment in the excitatory amino acid transporter 1, react readily when hydrophilic sulfhydryl-modifying reagents are applied extracellularly. To investigate the functional contributions of this region, we mutated each residue in domain 10 (Ala446-Gly459) to cysteine and assessed the transport kinetics and inhibitor sensitivities of the mutant carriers. Modification of the introduced sulfhydryl group with membrane-impermeant methanethiosulfonate derivatives inhibited substrate transport by all but one functional cysteine mutant. Substrates and/or non-transported inhibitors block thiol modification of most mutants within this region, implying that access to the domain becomes restricted as a consequence of the binding of substrates and substrate analogs. An examination of the temperature dependence of substrate protection for one mutant (I453C) indicates that substrates prevent modification at a step prior to the large conformational changes associated with translocation. When superimposed on a helical model, mutants with similar attributes are positioned in close proximity. Our data are consistent with a model in which domain 10 exists as an α-helix at an aqueous interface of the translocation pathway, which can be directly occluded by substrates and inhibitors at an early step in the transport cycle.
Investigation of the matric suction role on the curing mechanism of foamed asphalt stabilised mixtures

Moisture content is of great importance for foamed asphalt stabilised mixtures, since it influences mixing, compaction, curing process and the structural performance. The curing process, in which water evaporates, is responsible for the increase of the bearing capacity of foamed mixtures. Although different loading resistance mechanisms contribute simultaneously to the layer stiffness, the aim of this research is to evaluate the influence of matric suction in the stiffness of two foamed asphalt mixtures that have been used as base course materials in experimental test sections. Filter paper, X-ray microcomputed tomography and triaxial resilient modulus tests were conducted at four moisture conditions. The filter paper test indicated an increase in the matric suction when water evaporated from the specimen, which was validated by the reduction of the air voids measured with microcomputed tomography. From triaxial resilient modulus and matric suction results, it was observed that although other mechanisms might be dominating the loading resistance of foamed mixtures, the matric suction influences the stiffness of these materials.
Faster Scaling Algorithms for Network Problems

This paper presents algorithms for the assignment problem, the transportation problem, and the minimum-cost flow problem of operations research. The algorithms find a minimum-cost solution, yet run in time close to the best-known bounds for the corresponding problems without costs. For example, the assignment problem (equivalently, minimum-cost matching in a bipartite graph) can be solved in $O(\sqrt {nm} \log (nN))$ time, where $n,m$, and N denote the number of vertices, number of edges, and largest magnitude of a cost; costs are assumed to be integral. The algorithms work by scaling. As in the work of Goldberg and Tarjan, in each scaled problem an approximate optimum solution is found, rather than an exact optimum.
Effects of Glucosamine and Nucleotide Association on Fibroblast: Extracellular Matrix Gene Expression

Glucosamine (Gluc) is a drug used as an anti-inflammatory in moderate forms of knee arthrosis. A further off label use of Gluc is in the anti-aging treatments associated with Polideoxirybonucleotide (PDRN) through intra-dermal injection for a procedure called bio-stimulation. An unexpected effect on cultured dermal fibroblasts, during an experimental study on the gene activation in aesthetic bio-stimulation, was observed. The results have potential application in orthopaedic medical therapy. Fibroblast primary cultures were carried out, seeding cells on a layer of Gluc or PDRN alone or in combination for 24 h. Real Time-PCR was performed to investigate several gene expressions. The MMP13 and the IGF-I gene expression in fibroblast cultures were strongly inhibited after 24 h of incubation with the association of Gluc and PDRN, whereas Gluc and PDRN alone produced a modest inhibition of IGF-I and an activation of MMP13. MMP13 is present in osteoarthritic cartilage and this enzyme plays a significant role in cartilage collagen degradation. IGF1 is involved in growth and development and is successfully used in tissue-engineering for cartilage repair. Based on the reported data, we infer that the association of Gluc and PDRN has a potential application in cartilage therapy. Additional basic science and clinical studies are needed to confirm this preliminary report.