Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cancer and pregnancy

What do you do to start reading cancer and pregnancy? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. It's not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this cancer and pregnancy.
A Comparison of South African National HIV Incidence Estimates: A Critical Appraisal of Different Methods

Background The interpretation of HIV prevalence trends is increasingly difficult as antiretroviral treatment programs expand. Reliable HIV incidence estimates are critical to monitoring transmission trends and guiding an effective national response to the epidemic. Methods and Findings We used a range of methods to estimate HIV incidence in South Africa: (i) an incidence testing algorithm applying the Limiting-Antigen Avidity Assay (LAg-Avidity EIA) in combination with antiretroviral drug and HIV viral load testing; (ii) a modelling technique based on the synthetic cohort principle; and (iii) two dynamic mathematical models, the EPP/Spectrum model package and the Thembisa model. Overall, the different incidence estimation methods were in broad agreement on HIV incidence estimates among persons aged 15-49 years in 2012. The assay-based method produced slightly higher estimates of incidence, 1.72% (95% CI 1.38 – 2.06), compared with the mathematical models, 1.47% (95% CI 1.23 – 1.72) in Thembisa and 1.52% (95% CI 1.43 – 1.62) in EPP/Spectrum, and slightly lower estimates of incidence compared to the synthetic cohort, 1.9% (95% CI 0.8 – 3.1) over the period from 2008 to 2012. Among youth aged 15-24 years, a declining trend in HIV incidence was estimated by all three mathematical estimation methods. Conclusions The multi-method comparison showed similar levels and trends in HIV incidence and validated the estimates provided by the assay-based incidence testing algorithm. Our results confirm that South Africa is the country with the largest number of new HIV infections in the world, with about 1 000 new infections occurring each day among adults aged 15-49 years in 2012.
Chronic Sarpogrelate Treatment Reveals 5-HT7 Receptor in the Serotonergic Inhibition of the Rat Vagal Bradycardia

Abstract: 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) modulates the cardiac parasympathetic neurotransmission, inhibiting the bradyarrhythmia by 5-HT2 receptor activation. We aimed to determine whether the chronic selective 5-HT2 blockade (sarpogrelate) could modify the serotonergic modulation on vagal cardiac outflow in pithed rat. Bradycardic responses in rats treated with sarpogrelate (30 mg·kg−1·d−1; orally) were obtained by electrical stimulation of the vagal fibers (3, 6, and 9 Hz) or intravenous (IV) injections of acetylcholine (1, 5, and 10 &mgr;g/kg). 5-HT7 receptor expression was quantified by Western blot in vagus nerve and right atrium. The IV administration of 5-HT (10–200 &mgr;g/kg) dose dependently decreased the vagally induced bradycardia, and agonists 5-CT (5-HT1/7), 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1A), or AS-19 (5-HT7) (50 &mgr;g/kg each) mimicked the 5-HT–induced inhibitory effect. Neither agonists CGS-12066B (5-HT1B), L-694,247 (5-HT1D), nor 1-phenylbiguanide (5-HT3) modified the electrically-induced bradycardic responses. Moreover, SB-258719 (5-HT7 antagonist) abolished the 5-HT–, 5-CT–, 8-OH-DPAT–, and AS-19–induced bradycardia inhibition; 5-HT or AS-19 did not modify the bradycardia induced by IV acetylcholine; and 5-HT7 receptor was expressed in both the vagus nerve and the right atrium. Our outcomes suggest that blocking chronically 5-HT2 receptors modifies the serotonergic influence on cardiac vagal neurotransmission exhibiting 5-HT as an exclusively inhibitory agent via prejunctional 5-HT7 receptor.
Defining competency – the role of standard setting

The responsibility to determine just who is competent to practice medicine, and at what standard, is great. Whilst there is still a period available for potential remediation, examinations at the completion of year three of the four‐year Graduate Entry Medical Programme (GEMP) at Flinders University of South Australia (FUSA) are high stakes and contain the majority of final summative assessment for the certification of student to doctor. Therefore, the medical school has recently examined its methods for certification, the clinical practice standards sought in its programme and how to determine these standards.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes: Boutique Science or Valuable Arrhythmia Model?

This article reviews the strengths and limitations of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) as models of cardiac arrhythmias. Specifically, the article attempts to answer the following questions: Which clinical arrhythmias can be modeled by iPSC-CM? How well can iPSC-CM model adult ventricular myocytes? What are the strengths and limitations of published iPSC-CM arrhythmia models? What new mechanistic insight has been gained? What is the evidence that would support using iPSC-CM to personalize antiarrhythmic drug therapy? The review also discusses the pros and cons of using the iPSC-CM technology for modeling specific genetic arrhythmia disorders, such as long QT syndrome, Brugada Syndrome, or Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia.
Somatostatin receptor‐1 induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits tumor growth in pancreatic cancer

Functional somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are lost in human pancreatic cancer. Transfection of SSTR‐1 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro. We hypothesize that stable transfection of SSTR‐1 may inhibit pancreatic cancer growth in vivo possibly through cell cycle arrest. In this study, we examined the expression of SSTR‐1 mRNA in human pancreatic cancer tissue specimens, and investigated the effect of SSTR‐1 overexpression on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and tumor growth in a subcutaneous nude mouse model. We found that SSTR‐1 mRNA was downregulated in the majority of pancreatic cancer tissue specimens. Transfection of SSTR‐1 caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 growth phase, with a corresponding decline of cells in the S (mitotic) phase. The overexpression of SSTR‐1 significantly inhibited subcutaneous tumor size by 71% and 43% (n = 5, P < 0.05, Student's t‐test), and inhibited tumor weight by 69% and 47% (n = 5, P < 0.05, Student's t‐test), in Panc‐SSTR‐1 and MIA‐SSTR‐1 groups, respectively, indicating the potent inhibitory effect of SSTR‐1 on pancreatic cancer growth. Our data demonstrate that overexpression of SSTR‐1 significantly inhibits pancreatic cancer growth possibly through cell cycle arrest. This study suggests that gene therapy with SSTR‐1 may be a potential adjuvant treatment for pancreatic cancer. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 2218–2223)
Material for : Learning to Predict Part Mobility from a Single Static Snapshot

Inmatrix form, the first type of constraint then translates toD[j,p,k]T W c (k ) − D[j,p, i]TW c (i ) > 0. We introduce a slack variable to transform it into a soft constraint, obtaining D[j,p,k]TW c (k ) − D[j,p, i]TW c (i ) + ξ j,p,i,k > 0 with ξ j,p,i,k > 0. We can also introduce a slack variable for the second type of constraint, obtaining (D[k,q, i] − D[j,p, i])TW c (i ) + εj,p,i,k,q > 0 with εj,p,i,k,q > 0.
Evaluation of root morphology and root canal configuration of premolars in the Turkish individuals using cone beam computed tomography

Objective: The aim of the present study is to assess the root and root canal morphology of maxillary and mandibular premolars in a Turkish population by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In this study, CBCT images of 2134 premolars (987 maxillary, 1147 mandibular) were obtained from 404 patients. Details of gender, age, number of roots and canals, and canal configuration in each root were recorded. The canal configuration was classified and evaluated according to Vertucci's criteria. Results: The majority of maxillary premolars had two separate roots; although, three roots were identified in 1% of maxillary first premolars. However, most of the mandibular premolars had a single root. The two canals (69.9%) and type I (62.6%) and type II (34.1%) configuration for upper first premolar, one canal (82.1%) and type I (77.6%) canal configuration for second premolar was the most prevalent root canal frequency. The most prevalent root canal frequency was the one canal (96.2%) and type I (94.2%) and type V (3.2%) configuration for mandibular first premolar, one canal (98.9%) and type I (98.9%) canal configuration for second premolar. There was no difference in the root canal configurations and the numbers of canals between the left and the right side of both females and males (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Recognition of morphology and anatomy of the root canal system is one of the most important factors for successful endodontic treatment. Preoperative CBCT examination allows determination of root canal configuration of premolar teeth and helps clinicians in root canal treatment.
Involvement of the Detoxifying Enzyme Lactoylglutathione Lyase in Streptococcus mutans Aciduricity

ABSTRACT Streptococcus mutans, a normal inhabitant of dental plaque, is considered a primary etiological agent of dental caries. Its main virulence factors are acidogenicity and aciduricity, the abilities to produce acid and to survive and grow at low pH, respectively. Metabolic processes are finely regulated following acid exposure in S. mutans. Proteome analysis of S. mutans demonstrated that lactoylglutathione lyase (LGL) was up-regulated during acid challenge. The LGL enzyme catalyzes the conversion of toxic methylglyoxal, derived from glycolysis, to S-d-lactoylglutathione. Methylglyoxal inhibits the growth of cells in all types of organisms. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between LGL and aciduricity and acidogenicity in S. mutans. An S. mutans isogenic mutant defective in lgl (LGLKO) was created, and its growth kinetics were characterized. Insertional inactivation of lgl resulted in an acid-sensitive phenotype. However, the glycolytic rate at pH 5.0 was greater for LGLKO than for S. mutans UA159 wild-type cells. LGL was involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal, illustrated by the absence of enzyme activity in LGLKO and the hypersensitivity of LGLKO to methylglyoxal, compared with UA159 (MIC of 3.9 and 15.6 mM, respectively). Transcriptional analysis of lgl conducted by quantitative real-time PCR revealed that lgl was up-regulated (approximately sevenfold) during the exponential growth phase compared with that in the stationary growth phase. Gene expression studies conducted at low pH demonstrated that lgl was induced during acidic growth (∼3.5-fold) and following acid adaptation (∼2-fold). This study demonstrates that in S. mutans, LGL functions in the detoxification of methylglyoxal, resulting in increased aciduricity.
Helicobacter pylori but not gastrin is associated with the development of colonic neoplasms

Recent studies have suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) constitutes a risk for the development of colonic neoplasia. Hypergastrinemia can be induced by H. pylori infection, and gastrin can act as putative promoter of colorectal carcinogenesis. Aim of our study was to assess whether H. pylori infection and/or increased serum gastrin levels are associated with the occurrence of colonic neoplasms. For this, we reviewed prospectively collected data of 377 patients with a minimum age of 50 years who underwent colonoscopy. H. pylori and CagA status were determined by serology. Serum gastrin levels were measured in fasting state by commercially available assay. In H. pylori infected patients (n = 138; 36.6%), the overall prevalence of colonic neoplasms was more frequent compared to H. pylori negative patients (n = 239; 63.4%) (OR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.76–4.24). H. pylori infection occurred more frequently in patients with hyperplastic polyps (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.23–5.74) and adenomas presenting with low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.14–2.99). Attributable risk for adenomas with high grade IEN and colorectal adenocarcinoma (n = 14) was not assessed due to the low number of cases. The expression of CagA was also associated with an increased risk for colonic neoplasms (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.29–3.94). Hypergastrinemia did not increase the risk for any colonic neoplasms and there was no difference in basal serum gastrin levels between H. pylori positive and negative patients. In conclusion, H. pylori infection, including CagA expression is associated with an increased risk for the development of colonic neoplasm.
Grappling the High Altitude for Safe Edible Bamboo Shoots with Rich Nutritional Attributes and Escaping Cyanogenic Toxicity

Consumption of bamboo species with high level of total cyanogenic content (TCC) in Asia by many ethnic groups is significantly associated with food poisoning and occasionally Konzo (a neurological disorder). Adequate characterization of edible bamboo species with low level of TCC and high nutritious attributes is required for consumer's safety as well as for the conservation of the gene pool. Here, we employed morphological descriptors, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, RAPD, and trnL-F intergenic spacer to characterize 15 indigenous edible bamboo species of north-east India. The study indicates that morphologically and genetically evolved edible bamboo species having large and robust bamboo-shoot texture and growing at low altitude contain high level of TCC, low antioxidant properties, and low levels of beneficial macronutrients and micronutrients. Importantly, Dendrocalamus species are shown to be rich in TCC irrespective of the growing altitude while Bambusa species are found to have moderate level of TCC. The findings clearly demonstrated that Chimonobambusa callosa growing at high altitude represents safe edible bamboo species with nutritious attributes.
Observational study to assess the effectiveness of postoperative pain management of patients undergoing elective cesarean section

Background: The study was designed to assess the strategy, effectiveness, and safety of postoperative pain management in patients undergoing elective cesarean section in the obstetric unit of our hospital. Materials and Methods: Patients having elective cesarean section from December 2008 to May 2009 were included in this observational study. We recorded patient's demographics, postoperative pain orders, and analgesia regime on the day of surgery. Anesthesia team, which included one of the investigators, assessed the overall pain since the time of surgery by visual analogue scale (VAS) and also recorded any complications since the time of surgery and patients’ satisfaction with the pain management. Results: A total of 263 patients were reviewed during the study period. Postoperative analgesia regime was started by the obstetric team in 81% of patients and in rest by the anesthesia team. The common modality of pain management was intravenous opioid infusion (94%) and coanalgesia was used in 99% of patients. The analysis of pain at rest by VAS was between 1 and 3 in 89.7%, 4 and 6 in 9.5%, and 7 and 10 in 0.8% of patients. The VAS on movement was 1–3 in 60.1%, 4–6 in 33.1%, and 7–10 in 6.8% of patients. Patients’ opinion regarding postoperative pain management was satisfactory in 91.6% of patients and unsatisfactory in 8.4% of patients. Overall, 9% of patients had minor complications, which responded well to treatment. Conclusion: The regime for postoperative pain management was mostly started and followed by the obstetric team at the hospital. Although the postoperative pain management was adequate in terms of patients’ safety, it was not effective according to the goal set by Joint Commission on Accreditation of uniformly low pain score of not more than 3 out of 10 both at rest and with movement.
Fertility of Lactating Dairy Cows Treated with Ovsynch after Presynchronization Injections of PGF2α and GnRH

Abstract Synchronization of ovulation (Ovsynch) using GnRH and PGF 2α allows control of follicle growth, corpus luteum regression, and ovulation, but resulting pregnancy rates vary. This study examined whether presynchronization to allow initiation of Ovsynch during diestrus would improve pregnancy rates at timed artificial insemination (AI). Lactating dairy cows (n = 427), 69 to 75 d postpartum, were randomly assigned to two groups by parity. Control cows received Ovsynch (GnRH, d 0; PGF 2α , d 7; GnRH, d 9; timed AI 16h after second GnRH). Treated cows received presynchronization injections of PGF 2α and GnRH, 10 and 7 d, respectively, before starting Ovsynch. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed 36 d after AI. Progesterone (P 4 ) concentrations from a subset of cows (n = 84) were determined in serum samples collected on d 0, 3, and 7 of Ovsynch. Presynchronization increased the percentages of cows with ≥1ng/ml serum P 4 compared with control cows at first injection of GnRH (d 0; 93 vs. 56%) and on d 3 (90.7 vs. 51.2%) during Ovsynch. On day of PGF 2α , d 7 during Ovsynch, percentages of cows with ≥1ng/ml serum P 4 were similar (95.3%, treated vs. 82.9%, control) but more treated cows had ≥2ng/ml serum P 4 (95.3 vs. 63.4%). However, pregnancy to timed AI was similar between treated (41.5%) and control cows (38.3%). Cows with above-average milk production had greater pregnancy rate (45.8 vs. 33.8%) compared with lower producing cows. Although presynchrony increased the proportion of cows with luteal function at onset of Ovsynch, pregnancy rate to timed AI was not improved. Cows with above-average milk production had greater fertility at timed AI than herdmates with lower milk production.
The full moon and motorcycle related mortality: population based double control study

Abstract Objective To test whether a full moon contributes to motorcycle related deaths. Design Population based, individual level, double control, cross sectional analysis. Setting Nighttime (4 pm to 8 am), United States. Participants 13 029 motorcycle fatalities throughout the United States, 1975 to 2014 (40 years). Main outcome measure Motorcycle fatalities during a full moon. Results 13 029 motorcyclists were in fatal crashes during 1482 relevant nights. The typical motorcyclist was a middle aged man (mean age 32 years) riding a street motorcycle with a large engine in a rural location who experienced a head-on frontal impact and was not wearing a helmet. 4494 fatal crashes occurred on the 494 nights with a full moon (9.10/night) and 8535 on the 988 control nights without a full moon (8.64/night). Comparisons yielded a relative risk of 1.05 associated with the full moon (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.09, P=0.005), a conditional odds ratio of 1.26 (95% confidence interval 1.17 to 1.37, P<0.001), and an absolute increase of 226 additional deaths over the study interval. The increase extended to diverse types of motorcyclists, vehicles, and crashes; was accentuated during a supermoon; and replicated in analyses from the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. Conclusion The full moon is associated with an increased risk of fatal motorcycle crashes, although potential confounders cannot be excluded. An awareness of the risk might encourage motorcyclists to ride with extra care during a full moon and, more generally, to appreciate the power of seemingly minor distractions at all times.
Increased anticipatory but decreased consummatory brain responses to food in sisters of anorexia nervosa patients

Background We have previously shown increased anticipatory and consummatory neural responses to rewarding and aversive food stimuli in women recovered from anorexia nervosa (AN). Aims To determine whether these differences are trait markers for AN, we examined the neural response in those with a familial history but no personal history of AN. Method Thirty-six volunteers were recruited: 15 who had a sister with anorexia nervosa (family history) and 21 control participants. Using fMRI we examined the neural response during an anticipatory phase (food cues, rewarding and aversive), an effort phase and a consummatory phase (rewarding and aversive tastes). Results Family history (FH) volunteers showed increased activity in the caudate during the anticipation of both reward and aversive food and in the thalamus and amygdala during anticipation of aversive only. FH had decreased activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, the pallidum and the superior frontal gyrus during taste consumption. Conclusions Increased neural anticipatory but decreased consummatory responses to food might be a biomarker for AN. Interventions that could normalise these differences may help to prevent disorder onset.
Efficient Virus Detection Using Dynamic Instruction Sequences

In this paper, we present a novel approach to detect unknown virus using dynamic instruction sequences mining techniques. We collect runtime instruction sequences from unknown executables and organize instruction sequences into basic blocks. We extract instruction sequence patterns based on three types of instruction associations within derived basic blocks. Following a data mining process, we perform feature extraction, feature selection and then build a classification model to learn instruction association patterns from both benign and malicious dataset automatically. By applying this classification model, we can predict the nature of an unknown program. We also build a program monitor which is able to capture runtime instruction sequences of an arbitrary program. The monitor utilizes the derived classification model to make an intelligent guess based on the information extracted from instruction sequences to decide whether the tested program is benign or malicious. Our result shows that our approach is accurate, reliable and efficient.
Age-related hearing impairment and frailty in Alzheimer's disease: interconnected associations and mechanisms

Among potentially modifiable age-related conditions linked to dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and late-life cognitive disorders, age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) or presbycusis is the most widely diffused sensory disorder and one of the principal causes of chronic disability in older adults (Gates and Mills, 2005). The impairments of peripheral (sensory or strial) and central (predominantly neural) auditory pathways, diagnosed with different procedures, are often variously imbricated in determining ARHI, with mixed clinical findings (Gates and Mills, 2005). A growing body of epidemiological evidence linking ARHI with late-life cognitive disorders (Panza et al., 2015a) suggested the potential for correcting hearing loss so that elders can function better also from a cognitive point of view with appropriate treatment. ARHI is also a substantial marker for frailty in older age, another age-related clinical condition for identifying older persons at elevated risk for numerous adverse health outcomes such as falls, institutionalization, hospitalization, disability, and death (Rodriguez-Manas, 2013). Frailty is as a multidimensional syndrome characterized by a nonspecific state of vulnerability, reduced multisystem physiological reserve, and decreased resistance to stressors (Rodriguez-Manas, 2013). Although there is no consensus regarding the operational definition of frailty, in general, two are the most frequently used approaches: the first is the physical or “phenotypic” model of frailty, while the second is based on deficit accumulation, measured with the so called frailty indexes, and defined as an accumulation of health-related deficits and disorders (Rodriguez-Manas, 2013). However, also psychological, cognitive and social factors are part of this multidimensional syndrome, with great influence on its definition and treatment. Cognition has already been suggested as a possible component of frailty with increased risk of adverse outcomes. Therefore, the prevention of cognitive-related adverse outcomes including delirium (Eeles et al., 2012) and late-life cognitive disorders (Robertson et al., 2013; Panza et al., 2015b) may be possible also through frailty prevention.