Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fc gamma receptor binding profile of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in immune complexes suggests a role for FcγRI in the pathogenesis of synovial inflammation.

OBJECTIVES Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we studied binding of ACPA-IgG immune complexes (IC) to individual Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) to identify potential effector mechanisms by which ACPA could contribute to RA pathogenesis. METHODS ACPA-IgG1 and control IgG1(IgG1 depleted of ACPA-IgG1) were isolated from plasma and synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients by affinity chromatography using CCP2 peptides. Subsequently, IC were generated using fluorescently labelled F(ab')2 fragments against the F(ab')2 region of IgG, or by using citrullinated fibrinogen. IC were incubated with FcγR-transfected CHO cell lines or neutrophils from healthy donors. FcγR binding of IC was analysed by flow cytometry in the presence or absence of specific blocking antibodies. RESULTS ACPA-IgG1 IC predominantly bound to FcγRI and FcγRIIIA on FcγR-transfected CHO cell lines, while much lower binding was observed to FcγRIIA and FcγRIIB. ACPA-IgG1 IC showed reduced binding to FcγRIIIA compared to control IgG1 IC, in line with enhanced ACPA-IgG1 Fc core-fucosylation. Neutrophils activated in vitro to induce de novo expression of FcγRI showed binding of ACPA-IgG IC, and blocking studies revealed that almost 30% of ACPA-IgG IC binding to activated neutrophils was mediated by FcγRI. CONCLUSIONS Our studies show that ACPA-IgG1 IC bind predominately to activating FcγRI and FcγRIIIA, and highlight FcγRI expressed by activated neutrophils as relevant receptor for these IC. As neutrophils isolated from SF exhibit an activated state and express FcγRI in the synovial compartment, this IC-binding could contribute to driving disease pathogenesis in RA.
First and Second Births among Immigrants and Their Descendants in Switzerland

BACKGROUND The fertility of immigrants and their descendants is a crucial determinant of population dynamics, particularly where migrants are numerous and ethnically diverse, as in Switzerland. This paper analyses the transition to the first and second births of immigrants and their descendants and compares them with each other and with the native population. METHODS Using survival analysis and drawing on data from the Family and Generation Survey (FGS-2013), we disaggregate the fertility indicators of intensity and timing by ethnic minority and by birth order, controlling for a variety of sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Our results show that while there is no substantive difference in the probability and timing of first births between immigrants, their descendants, and Swiss natives, firstgeneration immigrants become parents younger and more often. Quite unexpectedly, we found that for migrants a second child is less frequent and comes after a longer birth interval than for Swiss natives, independently of whether or not they are born in Switzerland. 1 Université de Lausanne, Switzerland. E-Mail ederandres.guarinrojas@unil.ch. 2 Université de Lausanne, Switzerland. Guarin, Bernardi & Schmid: First and second child among immigrants and their descendants in Switzerland 248 http://www.demographic-research.org CONCLUSIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS This pattern of a delayed second birth for immigrants and their descendants differs from those observed in other European countries (Kulu et al. 2017). Our paper contributes to the literature by examining the heterogeneous fertility trajectories of different groups of migrants and their children. Our results by ethnic group and generation document fertility distribution in a highly diversified migration context, where new migrant groups are joining more established groups and where integration and family policies are weak, compared with the rest of Europe.
The Relationship Between Concurrent Speech Segregation, Pitch-Based Streaming of Vowel Sequences, and Frequency Selectivity

Simultaneous and sequential segregation form the basis of auditory scene analysis and are likely involved in concurrent speech segregation. However, previous work showed that speech-in-noise perception wasu ncorrelated with simultaneous segregation, whereas it appeared to be related to the pure-tone fusion threshold of sequential streaming. The current study aimed to clarify the relationships between pitch-based speech-in-speech segregation , pitch-based streaming, and frequencyselectivity.T wenty-three listeners with close to normal hearing were involved. Speech-in-speech perception wasmeasured using words presented in atime-reversed single talker background , with various pitch differences between target and masker.Streaming performance wasmeasured using an objective order-naming task on vowel sequences. Auditory filter widths were derivedusing anotch-noise method. Results showed acorrelation between the effect of pitch on speech-in-speech perception and the effect of pitch on streaming performance. However, frequencyselectivity wasfound to correlate with average speech-in-speech perception butnot with streaming, and only in the region of the second formant. These latter results are consistent with the hypothesis that pitch-based streaming probably relies on pitch discrimination, which is only poorly correlated to frequencyselectivity.Further,these results suggest that mild impairments in frequencyselectivity do not systematically impair pitch-based streaming.
Does intrauterine crowding affect locomotor development? A comparative study of motor performance, neuromotor maturation and gait variability among piglets that differ in birth weight and vitality

In polytocous species, such as pigs, the growth of an individual fetus is affected by competition from its littermates and the sow. This intrauterine competition greatly influences postnatal traits such as birth weight and vitality (physical strength). A lowered vitality is most often observed among low birth weight piglets. Since it has been argued that locomotion might be key to unraveling vitality-related differences, we compared gait development in piglets with a low birth weight and low vitality (L piglets) with piglets with a normal birth weight and normal vitality (N piglets) by means of spatio-temporal gait analysis during locomotion at self-selected speed. Video recordings of L and N piglets walking along a corridor at ten time points (between birth and 96 h after birth) were made and the footfalls were digitized. Hence, self-selected speed, spatio-temporal characteristics and gait symmetry were analyzed to compare motor performance, neuromotor maturation (motor task, interlimb and intralimb coordination) and gait variability for L and N piglets. The analysis included both absolute and normalized data (according to the dynamic similarity concept), to distinguish neuromotor maturation from effects caused by growth. Results indicate that intrauterine crowding affects locomotion, mainly by impairing growth in utero, with a lowered motor performance during the first 96 h of age as a consequence. A difference in neuromotor skills was also visible, though only for swing and stance duration, implying a difference in neuromotor development in utero. However, further maturation during the first days after birth does not seem to be affected by intrauterine crowding. We can therefore conclude that L piglets might be considered a smaller and fictitious younger version of N piglets.
DIETARY INTAKE AND SELF-REPORTING IN RELATION TO EATING BEHAVIOUR IN OBESE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS

Background: Underreporting of food intake is important in obese and type 2 diabetes (DM) subjects and could be associated with psychological factors. Objectives: to compare reported energy intake in obese and type 2 diabetes patients and analyze the influencing factors on low energy reporting (LER); to investigate the possible association of Three Factor Eating Inventory (TFEI) scores with energy reporting, body weight, diabetes status, age and gender. Materials and methods: Resting metabolic rate (indirect calorimetry), food intake (seven day food diary) energy reporting level, chronic dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger (TFEI) were assessed in 131 adult (45 obese; 59 obese with type 2 diabetes; 27 non-obese with type 2 diabetes), aged between 21 and 75 years, with mean (±SE) body mass index from 24.5±1.14 to 38.0±0.7. Results: The percentage of LER was 89% in obese, 90% in obese DM and 74% in non-obese DM groups. LER was associated with high body weight (BW) in obese and with restrain in type 2 diabetes groups. Obesity was associated with disinhibition, whereas diabetes was significant predictor for hunger and restraint (p<0.001). Positive correlation was found for hunger and restraint (r = 0.294, p<0.001) and hunger and disinhibition (r = 0.533, p< 0.001). Female gender was related to higher scores of all TFEI factors (p<0.001). Conclusion: Low energy reporting was associated with obesity. Disinhibition was related to body weight, whereas restraint and hunger to diabetes. Eating behaviour should be considered for a complex treatment of obesity and diabetes.
Linking Diabetic Complications to Sorbitol Oxidation, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Suppression

Significance: Numerous clinical trials implicate a key role for hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Recent studies support the importance of oxidative stress in mediating these complications. Although it is well known that hyperglycemia increases the rates of glucose metabolism via glycolysis and the sorbitol pathway, the importance of their contributions to oxidative stress and diabetic complications remains controversial. Recent advances and critical issues: The major objectives of this review are to draw attention to: 1) recent advances supporting the importance of oxidative stress linked to increased sorbitol oxidation in fueling oxidative stress evoked by hyperglycemia, 2) important caveats to interpretations of experimental observations using flawed experimental protocols and methods and/or inappropriate surrogate animal models of diabetes (i.e. galactosemia) thought to challenge or refute an important role for the sorbitol pathway in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and 3) speculations not supported by credible evidence. The first enzyme in the sorbitol pathway is Aldose Reductase (AR), which converts glucose to sorbitol. Sorbitol is then reduced to fructose by Sorbitol Dehydrogenase (SDH) coupled to transfer of electrons and protons to oxidized cytoplasmic Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+c) to form NADHc, the reduced form of NAD. NADHc fuels production of superoxide by NADHc-fueled NAD(P)H oxidases causing oxidative stress which impairs the activity of numerous enzymes including Na+K+/ATPase resulting in Metabolic Suppression. Oxidative stress and Metabolic Suppression play key roles in mediating diabetic complications. Future directions: This scenario has important implications for the design and optimization of future therapies for prevention and treatment of diabetic complications, e.g. endogenous antioxidants C-peptide and pyruvate and more efficacious inhibitors of sorbitol production and sorbitol oxidation.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Human Lung Cancer

Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) exist in human tumor cell lines and solid tumor tissues, and it has been suggested that NO may play important roles in growth, progression or metastasis of tumors. We investigated the activity and distribution of NOS in a series of human lung cancer and normal lung tissues. Seventy‐two primary lung cancer samples (44 cases of adenocarcinoma, 18 of squamous cell carcinoma, 4 of large cell carcinoma, 2 of small cell carcinoma, 2 of adenosquamous carcinoma, and 2 of carcinoids) and corresponding normal lung samples were obtained from surgically treated patients. In normal lung tissues, little NOS activity was observed with no correlation between the patients' age and NOS activity. The total NOS activities in lung adenocarcinoma samples were significantly higher than those in other types of lung cancers or normal lung samples (P<0.05), Analysis by tumor grade of the adenocarcinoma samples revealed no significant difference of NOS activity between grades. TNM classification showed that, although T stage did not correlate with NOS activity, cancer tissues from patients with N2 disease tended to have lower activity than those from patients with NO or Nl disease. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the intensity of NOS immunoreactivity correlated with NOS activity. These results suggest that NO may play an important role in the metabolism and behavior of lung cancers, especially adenocarcinoma.
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Credit Market Competition and the Nature of Firms

Empirical studies show that competition in the credit markets has important effects on the entry and growth of firms in nonfinancial industries. This paper explores the hypothesis that the availability of credit at the time of a firm’s founding has a profound effect on that firm’s nature. I conjecture that in times when financial capital is difficult to obtain, firms will need to be built as relatively solid organizations. However, in an environment of easily available financial capital, firms can be constituted with an intrinsically weaker structure. To test this conjecture, I use confidential data from the U.S. Census Bureau on the entire universe of business establishments in existence over a thirty-year period; I follow the life cycles of those same establishments through a period of regulatory reform during which U.S. states were allowed to remove barriers to entry in the banking industry, a development that resulted in significantly improved credit competition. The evidence confirms my conjecture. Firms constituted in post-reform years are intrinsically frailer than those founded in a more financially constrained environment, while firms of pre-reform vintage do not seem to adapt their nature to an easier credit environment. Credit market competition does lead to more entry and growth of firms, but also to complex dynamics experienced by the population of business organizations.
Impact of Cover, Copy, and Compare on fluency outcomes for students with disabilities and math deficits: A review of the literature

ABSTRACT Fluency, a combination of response accuracy and speed, enables students to work efficiently through academic tasks. Students with disabilities and math deficits often struggle to learn math facts fluently. Although issues with fluency frequently coexist with a disability, problems gaining fluency also stem from a lack of practice and appropriate rehearsal activities routinely included in curricula. Absence of math fact fluency leads to future problems with higher level math curricula and tasks necessary for successful living and employment. Cover, Copy, and Compare (CCC), a self-managed intervention, has demonstrated promise toward increasing math facts fluency. The present literature review examines the implementation of CCC as a fluency intervention for students who have disabilities or who demonstrate skill deficits in math facts and its subsequent impact on such students' fluency outcomes. Results from the literature review indicate CCC increased fluency levels for all of the participants. The evidence suggests CCC interventions may help students acquire and practice diverse math content.
Diverse foraging strategies by a marine top predator : Sperm whales exploit pelagic and demersal habitats in the Kaik ō ura submarine canyon

The submarine canyon off Kaikōura (New Zealand) is an extremely productive deep-sea habitat, and an important foraging ground for male sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). We used high-resolution archival tags to study the diving behaviour of sperm whales, and used the echoes from their echolocation sounds to estimate their distance from the seafloor. Diving depths and distance above the seafloor were obtained for 28 dives from six individuals. Whales foraged at depths between 284 and 1433 m, targeting mesopelagic and demersal prey layers. The majority of foraging buzzes occurred within one of three vertical strata: within 50 m of the seafloor, mid-water at depths of 700–900 m, and mid-water at depths of 400–600 m. Sperm whales sampled during this study performed more demersal foraging than that reported in any previous studies – including at Kaikōura in further inshore waters. This suggests that the extreme benthic productivity of the Kaikōura Canyon is reflected in the trophic preferences of these massive top predators. We found some evidence for circadian patterns in the foraging behaviour of sperm whales, which might be related to vertical movements of their prey following the deep scattering layer. We explored the ecological implications of the whales’ foraging preferences on their habitat use, highlighting the need for further research on how submarine canyons facilitate top predator hot-
Culture at work in post-Soviet Russia

Purpose – This chapter examines how the kollektiv, a form of workplace organization established in the Soviet Union, continues to shape cultural expectations of work in post-Soviet Russia. Methodology/Approach – This chapter describes a workplace ethnography conducted in a college department in Novosibirsk, Russia in 1999–2000 and 2002, with follow-up trips in 2005–2006. Participant observation is combined with interviews of teachers and students in the department. Findings – The kollektiv established in the Soviet Union has persisted in modified form in post-Soviet Russia. Instead of a means of Party control, the kollektiv became popularly associated with the group cohesion that arises from frequent social interaction. This sense of cohesion, accompanied by attendant habits of sharing holidays with work colleagues, has persisted to varying degrees among adults in Russia today. Furthermore, the structure of the kollektiv has been maintained for students in schools and colleges, so that new generations of Russian youth are raised to expect to work in cohesive small groups. Their behaviors and expectations contribute to the persistence of the kollektiv in Russian society in the present and near future. Originality/Value of the paper – This chapter makes two unique contributions: (1) it adds a focus on white-collar work to the predominantly blue-collar and service occupations studied in Russia to date and (2) it presents workplace ethnography of academics, a group rarely studied ethnographically.
Heat shock proteins expressed in the marsupial Tasmanian devil are potential antigenic candidates in a vaccine against devil facial tumour disease

The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), the largest extant carnivorous marsupial and endemic to Tasmania, is at the verge of extinction due to the emergence of a transmissible cancer known as devil facial tumour disease (DFTD). DFTD has spread over the distribution range of the species and has been responsible for a severe decline in the global devil population. To protect the Tasmanian devil from extinction in the wild, our group has focused on the development of a prophylactic vaccine. Although this work has shown that vaccine preparations using whole DFTD tumour cells supplemented with adjuvants can induce anti-DFTD immune responses, alternative strategies that induce stronger and more specific immune responses are required. In humans, heat shock proteins (HSPs) derived from tumour cells have been used instead of whole-tumour cell preparations as a source of antigens for cancer immunotherapy. As HSPs have not been studied in the Tasmanian devil, this study presents the first characterisation of HSPs in this marsupial and evaluates the suitability of these proteins as antigenic components for the enhancement of a DFTD vaccine. We show that tissues and cancer cells from the Tasmanian devil express constitutive and inducible HSP. Additionally, this study suggests that HSP derived from DFTD cancer cells are immunogenic supporting the future development of a HSP-based vaccine against DFTD.
Suppression of the unsteady vortex wakes of a circular cylinder pair by a doublet‐like counter‐rotation

The present investigation examines the suppression of unsteady, two‐dimensional wake instabilities of a pair of identical circular cylinders, placed side‐by‐side normal to freestream at a low Reynolds number of 150. It is found that when the cylinders are counter‐rotated, unsteady vortex wakes can be completely suppressed. At fast enough rotational speeds, a virtual elliptic body is produced by a closed streamline, strongly resembling a doublet potential flow. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating mortality from external causes using data from retrospective surveys: A validation study in Niakhar (Senegal)

Background: In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), data on causes of death is often inaccurate or incomplete. In this paper, we test whether adding a few questions about injuries and accidents to mortality questionnaires used in representative household surveys would yield accurate estimates of the extent of mortality due to external causes (accidents, homicides, or suicides). Methods: We conduct a validation study in Niakhar (Senegal), during which we compare reported survey data to high-quality prospective records of deaths collected by a health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS). Results: Survey respondents more frequently list the deaths of their adult siblings who die of external causes than the deaths of those who die from other causes. The specificity of survey data is high, but sensitivity is low. Among reported deaths, less than 60% of the deaths classified as due to external causes by the HDSS are also classified as such by survey respondents. Survey respondents better report deaths due to road-traffic accidents than deaths from suicides and homicides. Conclusions: Asking questions about deaths resulting from injuries and accidents during surveys might help measure mortality from external causes in LMICs, but the resulting data displays systematic bias in a rural population of Senegal. Future studies should 1) investigate whether similar biases also apply in other settings and 2) test new methods to further improve the accuracy of survey data on mortality from external causes. Contribution: This study helps strengthen the monitoring of sustainable development targets in LMICs by validating a simple approach for the measurement of mortality from external causes.
Attenuated psychotic symptom interventions in youth at risk of psychosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Attenuated psychotic symptoms (APSs) have been the primary emphasis in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis for assessing symptomology and determining subsequent transition to a psychotic disorder. Previous reviews primarily focused on the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) on APS; however, a comprehensive assessment of other interventions to date is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of all intervention studies examining APS in CHR youth.
A 0.0013mm2 10b 10MS/s SAR ADC with a 0.0048mm2 42dB-rejection passive FIR filter

This work presents a small-size 10b 10MS/s SAR ADC with an integrated passive anti-aliasing filter, consuming 39. 2μW overall in 65nm CMOS. A new DAC layout technique is used to achieve better matching without using area-expensive unit elements, resulting in a minimum ADC chip area of 36 × 36μm while achieving 9.18b ENOB. A 4× time-interleaved 15-tap passive FIR filter is implemented with switched-capacitors, realizing >42dB out-of-band rejection and 4× decimation, while occupying only 53×90μm. Both components are not only small in chip area, but also offer competitive power-efficiency.