Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Ovariectomy and Naproxen Treatment on the Strength of Femoral Midshaft and Molar Alveolar Region in Rats

El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar los efectos de la ovariectomia y el tratamiento con naproxeno sobre la masa y la competencia biomecanica del femur y hueso mandibular. Fueron utilizadas ratas Sprague-Dawley, la que se dividieron en cinco grupos: referencia, ovariectomizadas simuladas, ovariectomizadas, ovariectomizadas simuladas + tratamiento naproxeno, ovariectomizadas + tratamiento naproxeno. Las mandibulas y los femures de las ratas fueron extraidos y se determino la densidad mineral osea (DMO) de las muestras extraidas. Los volumenes y pesos de la ceniza fueron estimados. Las cargas maximas de las mandibulas y femures se determinaron utilizando un ensayo de flexion de tres puntos. La ovariectomia disminuyo la densidad mineral osea de la diafisis media del femur; sin embargo, el naproxeno impidio esta disminucion. Ninguna ovariectomia sin tratamiento de naproxeno afecto a la DMO en la region alveolar molar. La carga maxima se encontro significativamente disminuida en las diafisis femoral media, pero por el tratamiento de naproxeno no se produjo esta disminucion. La carga maxima de la region alveolar molar no cambio en ninguna condicion. El naproxeno previene los cambios de resistencia causados por la ovariectomia de la diafisis media del femur. Sin embargo, ni la ovariectomia ni el naproxeno tienen un efecto en la region alveolar molar de la mandibula.
Influence of bullying and teacher-student relationship on school engagement: Analysis of an explanatory model

Abstract The present study investigated the influence of bullying involvement and teacher-student relationship on school engagement, through the analysis of an explanatory model. For this, 426 students (from 6th to 9th grades) from four public schools located in a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, answered the Escala de Violência Escolar – Versão Estudante (School Violence Scale – Student Version), the Escala de Relação Professor-Aluno (Teacher – Student Relationship Scale) and the School Engagement Scale. Results from a Path Analysis indicated that bullying involvement has a direct negative impact on school engagement, and that teacher-student relationship has a direct positive impact on school engagement. Moreover, teacher-student relationship may mediate the negative effects of bullying on school engagement. These data confirm the importance of positive social relationships in school for student engagement. However, the proposed model explains 32% of the variance of school engagement, indicating that other variables not investigated in this study may also be relevant.
A quantitative comparison of linear and non-linear models of motor cortical activity for the encoding and decoding of arm motions

Many models have been proposed for the motor cortical encoding of arm motion. In particular, recent work has shown that simple linear models can be used to approximate the firing rates of a population of cells in primary motor cortex as a function of the position, velocity, and acceleration of the hand. Here we perform a systematic study of these linear models and of various non-linear generalizations. Specifically we consider linear Gaussian models, Generalized Linear Models (GLM), and Generalized Additive Models (GAM) of neural encoding. We evaluate their ability to represent the relationship between hand motion and neural activity, by looking at the likelihood of observed patterns of neural firing in a test data set and by evaluating the decoding performance of the different models (i.e. in terms of the error in reconstructing hand position from firing rates). To provide a level playing field for evaluating the decoding performance, we test all the models using a general recursive Bayesian estimator known as the particle filter, thus isolating the effect of the encoding model on reconstruction accuracy.
Effects of intensity of arm training on hemiplegic upper extremity motor recovery in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: To investigate the effects of different intensities of arm rehabilitation training on the functional recovery of hemiplegic upper extremity. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Interventions: Thirty-two stroke patients meeting the enrolment criteria were randomly divided into three groups: group A (n = 11), group B (n = 10) and group C (n = 11). Each group received arm training for 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours a day respectively, 5 days per week, for a period of six weeks. Main measures: Motor function was assessed by Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Action Research Arm Test and Barthel Index, carried out before treatment, two weeks, four weeks and six weeks after treatment. Results: When comparing the three groups, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment improvement was more significant in group C (20.50 ± 7.84) than that in group A (11.90 ± 6.52 ) and group B (13.80 ± 6.41) after four weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). The Action Research Arm Test score improvement was more significant in group C (7.30 ± 2.95) than in group A (3.30 ± 2.91 ) (P < 0.05). After six weeks of treatment, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Action Research Arm Test score improvements were more significant in group C (24.50 ± 7.96, 10.90 ± 3.60) and group B (19.70 ± 7.09, 8.70 ± 4.62) than in group A (13.00 ± 6.38, 5.30 ± 3.40) (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences of Barthel Index among the three groups (P > 0.05). In each group, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Action Research Arm Test and Barthel Index scores increased significantly after six weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions: An increase in the intensity of arm training might improve the motor function of the arm after stroke.
Effect of trust of business social responsibility on business performance of small scale industries: Structural equation modelling approach

The objective of this paper is to provide links between Trust of Business Social Responsibility on business performance. Specifically the relationship between Trust of BSR on business performance of Small Scale Industries was examined in this study. This study comprised samples from 800 owners/managers of Small Scale Industries. A cross sectional design was employed to examine the influence of Trust of BSR on Business performance. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 18 and AMOS graphics version 18.The result of this study shows that all variables achieved measurement model; Composite Reliability and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) are all above yardsticks of 0.7 and 0.5 respectively.The results of hypothesized relationships revealed that Trust of BSR was significantly related to Business performance.Finally, the model indices satisfied the adoption of using Structural Equation Modeling.The utilization of cross-sectional study served as one shortcoming and adoption of only Small Scale Industries owners/managers in Kano state Nigeria limits the generalizability of the findings.A significant implication of this research is the finding which gives light to owners/managers of Small Scale Industries to focus on Trust of BSR which in consequential lead to Business Performance.The findings are new and distinctive from previous research.The result of this research is based on a sample of Small Scale Industries owners/managers in Kano, Nigeria.The result is very imperative to academics and practitioners of Small Scale Industries worldwide.
FUNDAMENTAL RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GLUTEN NETWORKS PREPARED WITH WATER OR SODIUM CHLORIDE FROM VITAL WHEAT GLUTENS OF DIFFERENT ORIGINS

Vital wheat gluten is an ingredient used in the bakery industry. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of different vital wheat glutens (VGA and VGB) through fundamental rheological tests. Gluten networks prepared with VGA and VGB, and also of wheat flour fortified with 5 and 7 % vital glutens (VGA and VGB) were evaluated, with or without sodium chloride. In the fundamental tests, the gluten network showed higher G’ values when prepared with water than with salt. In all fundamental rheological tests, VGA was better than VGB. The differences found among the samples can be associated with the protein composition and quality of the vital wheat glutens. These tests are a good tool to evaluate the differences between vital wheat glutens. RESUMO – O glúten vital é um ingrediente utilizado na indústria de panificação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de diferentes glútens vitais (GVA e GVB) através de testes reológicos fundamentais. Foram avaliadas amostras de glúten úmido preparadas com GVA e GVB, e também de farinha de trigo fortificada com 5 e 7 % dos glútens vitais (GVA e GVB), com ou sem NaCl. Nos testes fundamentais, as redes de glúten preparadas com água mostraram valores de G’ superiores quando comparadas com o sal. Em todos os testes reológicos fundamentais, GVA foi melhor que GVB. As diferenças encontradas entre as amostras podem estar relacionadas com a composição proteica e a qualidade dos glútens vitais. Estes testes são uma boa ferramenta para avaliar as diferenças entre glútens vitais de trigo.
Market Integration and Price Transmission in Tajikistan's Wheat Markets: Rising Like Rockets but Falling Like Feathers?

The extent of market integration and transmission of food price shocks is a major determinant of price stability and overall food security, particularly in developing countries. Few studies have examined these issues for countries in Central Asia, however. This paper aims to fill this gap by examining wheat market integration and price transmission in Tajikistan, the most food-insecure country in Central Asia. In particular, in this study we measure how well wheat market prices in Tajikistan are integrated with international and regional markets, as well as domestically with each other. Subsequently, we assess the nature of price transmission between these markets. Using horizontal price transmission analysis and asymmetric price relationships, a.k. a. rockets and feathers, we demonstrate how prices change in peripheral food-shortage markets compared to markets located in zones with abundant local production.
Impact of unimportant attributes in stated choice surveys

Despite growing interest in the notion that respondents in stated choice surveys may make their decisions on the basis of only a subset of the presented attributes, the impact of any unimportant attributes on the estimates of other valuations is somewhat unclear. This paper presents evidence from a two stage survey where the second stage eliminates attributes deemed unimportant in the first stage. Our analysis shows no evidence of systematic differences between the results of the two stages. This leads to the conclusion that, up to a point where respondent burden may become an issue, analysts should include all attributes that may be relevant, and allow the respondent to filter out those that play no role.
Carbon dioxide‐mediated vasomotion of extra‐cranial cerebral arteries in humans: a role for prostaglandins?

Cerebral blood flow increases during hypercapnia and decreases during hypocapnia; it is unknown if vasomotion of the internal carotid artery is implicated in these responses. Indomethacin, a non‐selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor (used to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis), has a unique ability to blunt cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity, while other cyclooxygenase inhibitors have no effect. We show significant dilatation and constriction of the internal carotid artery during hypercapnia and hypocapnia, respectively. Indomethacin, but not ketorolac or naproxen, reduced the dilatatory response of the internal carotid artery to hypercapnia The differential effect of indomethacin compared to ketorolac and naproxen suggests that indomethacin inhibits vasomotion of the internal carotid artery independent of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition.
Reproducing Crystal Binding Modes of Ligand Functional Groups Using Site-Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation (SILCS) Simulations

The applicability of a computational method, Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation (SILCS), to identify regions on a protein surface with which different types of functional groups on low-molecular weight inhibitors interact is demonstrated. The method involves molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a protein in an aqueous solution of chemically diverse small molecules from which probability distributions of fragments types, termed FragMaps, are obtained. In the present application, SILCS simulations are performed with an aqueous solution of 1 M benzene and propane to map the affinity pattern of the protein for aromatic and aliphatic functional groups. In addition, water hydrogen and oxygen atoms serve as probes for hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor affinity, respectively. The method is tested using a set of 7 proteins for which crystal structures of complexes with several high affinity inhibitors are known. Good agreement is obtained between FragMaps and the positions of chemically similar functional groups in inhibitors as observed in the X-ray crystallographic structures. Quantitative capabilities of the SILCS approach are demonstrated by converting FragMaps to free energies, termed Grid Free Energies (GFE), and showing correlation between the GFE values and experimental binding affinities. For proteins for which ligand decoy sets are available, GFE values are shown to typically score the crystal conformation and conformations similar to it more favorable than decoys. Additionally, SILCS is tested for its ability to capture the subtle differences in ligand affinity across homologous proteins, information which may be of utility toward specificity-guided drug design. Taken together, our results show that SILCS can recapitulate the known location of functional groups of bound inhibitors for a number of proteins, suggesting that the method may be of utility for rational drug design.
Asymptotics of solutions of the Neumann problem in a domain with closely posed components of the boundary

The Neumann problem for the Poisson equation is considered in a domain Ωε ⊂ R with boundary components posed at a small distance ε > 0 so that in the limit, as ε → 0, the components touch each other at the point O with the tangency exponent 2m ≥ 2. Asymptotics of the solution uε and the Dirichlet integral ‖∇xuε; L(Ωε)‖ are evaluated and it is shown that main asymptotic term of uε and the existence of the finite limit of the integral depend on the relation between the spatial dimension n and the exponent 2m. For example, in the case n < 2m− 1 the main asymptotic term becomes of the boundary layer type and the Dirichlet integral has no finite limit. Some generalization are discussed and certain unsolved problems are formulated, in particular, non-integer exponents 2m and tangency of the boundary components along smooth curves. AMS subject classification: primary 35J25, secondary 46E35,35J20.
Spina bifida cystica: selective management in Zaria, Nigeria

Summary Management of spina bifida cystica in Zaria, Nigeria is selective. Over a period of 11 years, 77 children with this defect, 54 meningocoeles and 23 myelomeningocoeles, 66 (86%) situated in the lumbosacral region, were treated operatively. Forty-two (55%) had surgery in the neonatal period and 91% within 6 months of birth. Postoperative complications occurred in 19 of 68 patients (28%), including mild hydrocephalus, which resolved spontaneously (six, 9%), wound infection (six, 9%), leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (four, 6%) and meningitis (three, 4%). Mortality was 3% from both meningitis and cardiac arrest. Of 32 patients followed up for 3–5 years, 20 with meningocoeles were normal. Of 12 with myelomeningocoele, four had varying degrees of lower limb weakness, three double incontinence, two faecal incontinence, two had progressive hydrocephalus plus paralysis and double incontinence, and one had urinary incontinence. Therefore, 38% were functionally disabled and could not be adequately rehabilitated owing to poor facilities. While management of spina bifida cystica is more aggressive now in most developed countries, ours remains selective due to difficulty with multidisciplinary care and rehabilitation. Even with our selective management, the care of patients with functional handicap remains a challenge.
Statins in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review

Background and Purpose Statins have pleiotropic effects of potential neuroprotection. However, because of lack of large randomized clinical trials, current guidelines do not provide specific recommendations on statin initiation in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The current study aims to systematically review the statin effect in AIS. Methods From literature review, we identified articles exploring prestroke and immediate post-stroke statin effect on imaging surrogate markers, initial stroke severity, functional outcome, and short-term mortality in human AIS. We summarized descriptive overview. In addition, for subjects with available data from publications, we conducted meta-analysis to provide pooled estimates. Results In total, we identified 70 relevant articles including 6 meta-analyses. Surrogate imaging marker studies suggested that statin might enhance collaterals and reperfusion. Our updated meta-analysis indicated that prestroke statin use was associated with milder initial stroke severity (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval], 1.24 [1.05-1.48]; P=0.013), good functional outcome (1.50 [1.29-1.75]; P<0.001), and lower mortality (0.42 [0.21-0.82]; P=0.0108). In-hospital statin use was associated with good functional outcome (1.31 [1.12-1.53]; P=0.001), and lower mortality (0.41 [0.29-0.58]; P<0.001). In contrast, statin withdrawal was associated with poor functional outcome (1.83 [1.01-3.30]; P=0.045). In patients treated with thrombolysis, statin was associated with good functional outcome (1.44 [1.10-1.89]; P=0.001), despite an increased risk of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (1.63 [1.04-2.56]; P=0.035). Conclusions The current study findings support the use of statin in AIS. However, the findings were mostly driven by observational studies at risk of bias, and thereby large randomized clinical trials would provide confirmatory evidence.
The semantics of power and ARM multiprocessor machine code

We develop a rigorous semantics for Power and ARM multiprocessor programs, including their relaxed memory model and the behaviour of reasonable fragments of their instruction sets. The semantics is mechanised in the HOL proof assistant. This should provide a good basis for informal reasoning and formal verification of low-level code for these weakly consistent architectures, and, together with our x86 semantics, for the design and compilation of high-level concurrent languages.
Early Evolution of Ionotropic GABA Receptors and Selective Regimes Acting on the Mammalian-Specific Theta and Epsilon Subunits

Background The amino acid neurotransmitter GABA is abundant in the central nervous system (CNS) of both invertebrates and vertebrates. Receptors of this neurotransmitter play a key role in important processes such as learning and memory. Yet, little is known about the mode and tempo of evolution of the receptors of this neurotransmitter. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic relationships of GABA receptor subunits across the chordates and detail their mode of evolution among mammals. Principal Findings Our analyses support two major monophyletic clades: one clade containing GABAA receptor α, γ, and ε subunits, and another one containing GABAA receptor ρ, β, δ, θ, and π subunits. The presence of GABA receptor subunits from each of the major clades in the Ciona intestinalis genome suggests that these ancestral duplication events occurred before the divergence of urochordates. However, while gene divergence proceeded at similar rates on most receptor subunits, we show that the mammalian-specific subunits θ and ε experienced an episode of positive selection and of relaxed constraints, respectively, after the duplication event. Sites putatively under positive selection are placed on a three-dimensional model obtained by homology-modeling. Conclusions Our results suggest an early divergence of the GABA receptor subunits, before the split from urochordates. We show that functional changes occurred in the lineages leading to the mammalian-specific subunit θ, and we identify the amino acid sites putatively responsible for the functional divergence. We discuss potential consequences for the evolution of mammals and of their CNS.
All‐trans retinoic acid significantly reduces the incidence of early hemorrhagic death during induction therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia

Abstract: Early hemorrhagic death (within the first 10 d of treatment [EHD]) is reported as the main cause of death during induction therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In order to evaluate possible differences in the incidence of EHD during induction regimens based on all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA), we retrospectively analyzed a consecutive series of 86 APL patients, diagnosed and treated at our Institution from 1982. Forty‐three patients received combination chemotherapy with anthracyclines and cytosine arabinoside (January 1982 to December 1991), while induction of the remaining 43 was based on ATRA alone or on a combination of ATRA and anthracyclines (January 1992 to October 1996). There were significantly less induction deaths in the ATRA group [9 (chemotherapy group‐CT) vs. 2 (ATRA group‐RA) overall and 8(CT) vs. 1(RA) of EHD; p=0.01]. Hemostatic evaluations showed an earlier reduction of d‐dimer in the ATRA group. No cases of morphological resistance were observed in the ATRA group after induction. In addition, the number of relapses occurring in the first 24 months from the achievement of complete remission (CR) was significantly lower in the ATRA group (15 vs. 7; p=0.01), with a disease free survival at 2 yr of 67% vs. 31%. In conclusion, ATRA appears to be able to significantly reduce the incidence of EHD, increasing the number of possible long‐term remissions.
Speculative bubbles and crashes： Fundamentalists and positive‐feedback trading

Abstract In this paper, we develop and examine a simple interactive agent‐based model, where the distribution of returns generated from the model takes into account two stylized facts about financial markets： fat tails and volatility clustering. Our results indicate that the risk tolerance of fundamentalists and the relative funding rate of positive‐feedback traders versus fundamentalists are key factors determining the path of price fluctuations. Fundamentalists are more able to dominate the market when they are more willing than positive‐feedback traders to take risks. In addition, more crises occur as positive‐feedback traders face higher funding costs compared to fundamentalists. Our model suggests that fundamentalists cause heavier tails, and positive‐feedback traders cause the formation of speculative bubbles. Our model also indicates that traders’ attitudes toward risk vary across time and market. The generally low level of risk bearing by fundamentalists could explain the frequent occurrence of bubbles.