Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Major advances in exploration geochemistry, 1998–2007

ABSTRACT Exploration geochemistry continues to be a major contributor to mineral exploration programs at all scales. The decade has spanned a complete economic cycle in the minerals industry, during which there has been a change in exploration emphasis from the dominance of Au and diamonds to the addition of a range of base metals and the recent revival of U exploration. Increasing metal prices and the development of new geochemical techniques have allowed exploration activity to expand in previously under-explored terrains, including those characterized by thick, transported regolith cover. There has been significant evolution and refinement of geochemical dispersion models for transported regolith, especially processes associated with oxidizing sulphide mineralization. These models have prompted further developments in sampling methods, analytical techniques and approaches to anomaly detection. The routine measurement of fundamental soil and groundwater properties, such as pH, has been demonstrated to assist in detecting geochemical and mineralogical effects of buried mineralization on regolith. New lithogeochemical techniques have been developed for terrane selection and early discrimination of potentially mineralized units. The production of regolith-landform maps, including 3-D models, and more detailed techniques for differentiating the origin and nature of regolith materials now underpins the design of exploration programs in a number of terrains. Various exploration techniques, such as biogeochemistry and soil gas, have been revitalized by the application of new technologies. Ongoing improvements to detection limits and the reliability of multi-element analytical methods have permitted development and routine application of a wide range of selective geochemical extraction methods aimed at detecting subtle geochemical haloes developed in transported regolith cover. The results from a plethora of selective extraction orientation studies have, however, indicated the reliability of such methods to be uncertain, especially in arid terrains. Low-density geochemical mapping of large regions has been undertaken by government agencies for a variety of resource, environmental and health purposes, including attracting mineral exploration. Such maps typically demonstrate the dominance of underlying geology on regional geochemical patterns in regolith, even in industrialized regions. Philosophical and numerical approaches to defining and detecting geochemical anomalies continue to be reviewed. There is a need to supplement classical parametric outlier-detection approaches, routinely applied to geochemical data, with statistical techniques that reflect a recognition that subtle, multivariate patterns related to the geochemical effects of mineralization may emanate from within the main data cloud and not outlying or distinct clusters.
Balancing exploration and exploitation of knowledge through an unlearning context

Purpose – SMEs may be trapped in a suboptimal stable equilibrium, as many overloaded managers are cutting back on their resources and may be over‐investing in the development of exploration and exploitation processes rather than investing in mechanisms to facilitate an unlearning context. This paper proposes an unlearning context to manage an appropriate balance between exploratory processes and exploitative processes.Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines the relationship between and significance of two key factors of organisational learning (the exploration and exploitation of knowledge) within an unlearning context, and their effects on the improvement of the performance of SMEs. These relationships are examined through an empirical investigation of 229 SMEs in the Spanish metal sector.Findings – The results indicate that the effects of exploration and exploitation of knowledge on organizational performance are mediated through an unlearning context.Originality/value – The findings provide i.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Protect the Salivary Gland from Radiation Damage by Inhibiting Activation of Protein Kinase C-δ

In patients undergoing irradiation (IR) therapy, injury to nontumor tissues can result in debilitating, and sometimes permanent, side effects. We have defined protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) as a regulator of DNA damage–induced apoptosis and have shown that phosphorylation of PKCδ by c-Abl and c-Src activates its proapoptotic function. Here, we have explored the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) of c-Src and c-Abl to block activation of PKCδ for radioprotection of the salivary gland. Dasatinib, imatinib, and bosutinib all suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of PKCδ and inhibited IR-induced apoptosis in vitro. To determine whether TKIs can provide radioprotection of salivary gland function in vivo, mice were treated with TKIs and a single or fractionated doses of irradiation. Delivery of dasatinib or imatinib within 3 hours of a single or fractionated dose of irradiation resulted in >75% protection of salivary gland function at 60 days. Continuous dosing with dasatinib extended protection to at least 5 months and correlated with histologic evidence of salivary gland acinar cell regeneration. Pretreatment with TKIs had no impact on clonogenic survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells, and in mice harboring HNSCC cell–derived xenografts, combining dasatinib or imatinib with fractionated irradiation did not enhance tumor growth. Our studies indicate that TKIs may be useful clinically to protect nontumor tissue in HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy, without negatively impacting cancer treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1989–98. ©2017 AACR.
Effects of excessive similarity feedback on subsequent mood, pursuit of difference, and preference for novelty or scarcity

The present study aimed at achieving a modified replication of Fromkin's studies (1970 , 1972) by testing the following hypotheses: Subjects who would receive extreme similarity feedback would (a) feel a stronger negative mood, (b) more strongly desire to be different , and (c) more strongly prefer novel or scarce experiences and commodities to familiar or plentiful ones, as compared to subjects who received moderate similarity feedback . The subjects received bogus test results describing them as either moderately or extremely similar to other participants who had taken the same test. After receiving the feedback, they had a chance to report their mood, desire to be different, and preferences for " psychedelic " experiences and commodities that were systematically manipulated to be high or low in novelty and unavailability . Hypotheses (a) and (b) were confirmed, but Hypothesis (c) was not supported despite the successful novelty and scarcity manipulations. The significance of the present modification in the manipulation of similarity feedback was discussed in terms of explaining the inconsistency of results between the previous studies and the present research.
Forecasting stock market volatility with non-linear GARCH models: a case for China

This paper studies the performance of the GARCH model and two of its non-linear modifications to forecast China's weekly stock market volatility. The models are the Quadratic GARCH and the Glosten, Jagannathan and Runkle models which have been proposed to describe the often observed negative skewness in stock market indices. It is found that the QGARCH model is best when the estimation sample does not contain extreme observations such as the stock market crash, and that the GJR model cannot be recommended for forecasting.
When the Underwriter Is the Market Maker: An Examination of Trading in the IPO Aftermarket

This paper examines aftermarket trading of underwriters and unaffiliated market makers in the three-month period after an IPO. We find that the lead underwriter is always the dominant market maker; he takes substantial inventory positions in the aftermarket trading, and co-managers play a negligible role in aftermarket trading. The lead underwriter engages in stabilization activity for less successful IPOs, and uses the overallotment option to reduce his inventory risk. Compensation to the underwriter arises primarily from fees, but aftermarket trading does generate positive profits, which are positively related to the degree of underpricing. Copyright The American Finance Association 2000.
Augmenting End-to-End Dialog Systems with Commonsense Knowledge

Building dialog agents that can converse naturally with humans is a challenging yet intriguing problem of artificial intelligence. In open-domain human-computer conversation, where the conversational agent is expected to respond to human responses in an interesting and engaging way, commonsense knowledge has to be integrated into the model effectively. In this paper, we investigate the impact of providing commonsense knowledge about the concepts covered in the dialog. Our model represents the first attempt to integrating a large commonsense knowledge base into end-to-end conversational models. In the retrieval-based scenario, we propose the Tri-LSTM model to jointly take into account message and commonsense for selecting an appropriate response. Our experiments suggest that the knowledge-augmented models are superior to their knowledge-free counterparts in automatic evaluation.
On the meaning and measurement of maximization

Building on Herbert Simon’s critique of rational choice theory, Schwartz et al. (2002) proposed that when making choices, some individuals — maximizers — search extensively through many alternatives with the goal of making the best choice, whereas others — satisficers — search only until they identify an option that meets their standards, which they then choose. They developed the Maximization Scale (MS) to measure individual differences in maximization, and a substantial amount of research has now examined maximization using the MS, painting a picture of maximizers that is generally negative. Recently, however, several researchers have criticized the MS, and almost a dozen new measures of maximization have now been published, resulting in a befuddling and contradictory literature. We seek to clarify the confusing literature on the measurement of maximization to help make sense of the existing findings and to facilitate future research. We begin by briefly summarizing the understanding of maximizers that has emerged through research using Schwartz et al.’s MS. We then review the literature on the measurement of maximization, attempting to identify the similarities and differences among the 11 published measures of maximization. Next, we propose a two-component model of maximization, outlining our view of how maximization should be conceptualized and measured. Our model posits that maximization is best understood as the pursuit of the maximization goal of choosing the best option through the maximization strategy of alternative search; other constructs such as decision difficulty and regret are best considered outcomes or causes — rather than components — of maximization. We discuss the implications of our review and model for research on maximization, highlighting what we see as pressing unanswered questions and important directions for future investigations.
Computed tomography and ultrasound in parapneumonic effusions and empyema.

AIM Imaging of pleural empyema by ultrasound (US) or computed tomography (CT) is used to confirm the diagnosis and facilitate drainage. However, the information gained from US and CT may also have prognostic significance. The aim of the present study was to determine if CT and US appearances correlated with the severity of infection as determined by established microbiological and biochemical indicators, and to establish whether either technique could predict those patients who will fail drainage and require surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients with parapneumonic effusions were assessed. All had thoracic CT and the results of thoracic US were available in 36 patients. Imaging features were compared to the stage of the effusion and clinical outcome. RESULTS At US, 7/36 (19%) pleural collections were anechoic, 5/36 (14%) were hyperechoic without septae and 24/36 (67%) were hyperechoic with septae. There was no relationship between US appearances and the presence of pus, the effusion stage or the need for surgical treatment. On CT pleural enhancement was seen in all patients. There was evidence of pleural thickening in 46/50 (92%) and thickening of extrapleural fat in 38/50 (76%). There was a trend for mean pleural thickness to increase with an increasing stage of pleural infection. However, a wide range of appearances were seen and overall the thickness of pleural/extrapleural tissues was not significantly related to the stage of effusion or to the requirement for surgery. CONCLUSIONS Although US and CT have established roles in the investigation of parapneumonic effusions, neither technique reliably identifies the stage of pleural infection or predicts those patients who subsequently require surgical intervention after failed management by chest tube drainage and intrapleural fibrinolytics. Kearney, S. E. (2000). Clinical Radiology 55, 542-547.
The role of image representations in vision to language tasks

Abstract Tasks that require modeling of both language and visual information, such as image captioning, have become very popular in recent years. Most state-of-the-art approaches make use of image representations obtained from a deep neural network, which are used to generate language information in a variety of ways with end-to-end neural-network-based models. However, it is not clear how different image representations contribute to language generation tasks. In this paper, we probe the representational contribution of the image features in an end-to-end neural modeling framework and study the properties of different types of image representations. We focus on two popular vision to language problems: The task of image captioning and the task of multimodal machine translation. Our analysis provides interesting insights into the representational properties and suggests that end-to-end approaches implicitly learn a visual-semantic subspace and exploit the subspace to generate captions.
Housing Inequalities under Market Deepening: The Case of Guangzhou, China

Escalating housing prices in China's major metropolises have brought widespread discontents. There is a general impression that housing inequality is rising, and that housing has become increasingly out of reach of ordinary households. Yet, much of the literature on urban housing in China is based on data generated in the early reform period. Very little has been written about what has happened since the 1998 housing reform when both the production and the consumption of housing became primarily market based. The present paper aims to address this deficiency with reference to surveys conducted in Guangzhou in 1996, 2001, and 2005. Quality-adjusted inequality indices including the Gini coefficient and the Theil index are computed to compare housing inequality before and after the ending of welfare allocation of housing at the turn of the century. Quite unexpectedly, the results show only a modest increase in inequality in housing consumption.
Cardiac Troponin I in Asphyxiated Neonates

Background: Cardiac troponins T (cTnT) and I (cTnI) are well-established markers in detecting myocardial ischemic damage in adults. Perinatal asphyxia is associated with cardiac dysfunction. Objectives: To evaluate serum concentrations of cTnI in asphyxiated neonates and to investigate whether cTnI is correlated with the traditional markers of asphyxia. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 13 asphyxiated neonates (umbilical artery pH <7.18 and either a 1-min Apgar score <4 or a 5-min Apgar score <7) and 39 controls. Data on gestation, birth weight, sex, Apgar scores, mode of delivery, umbilical pH, creatinine, serum activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, and QTc interval were investigated. Results: Median (range) cTnI concentrations were significantly higher in asphyxiated neonates with respect to healthy infants: 0.36 µg/l (0.05–11) versus 0.04 µg/l (0.04–0.06); p < 0.01. In asphyxiated babies, no statistically significant correlations were found between concentrations of cTnI and the other markers of asphyxia. Conclusions: In asphyxiated neonates, cTnI concentrations are higher with respect to healthy infants, suggesting the presence of myocardial damage in this group of high-risk patients. cTnI does not correlate with the traditional markers of asphyxia.
Building a sustainability strategy into the business

Purpose – This paper aims to present a case study of how a global consumer company, with over 300 brands sold in 180 countries, and 138,000 employees, is building sustainability into the rhythm of its business. This goes beyond social investment programs, addressing sustainability in product design, manufacturing operations, employee engagement and stakeholder partnerships.Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes the process Procter & Gamble has gone through to define its sustainability strategy and goals, gain global alignment, build sustainability strategies and accountability into its business units, and regional and functional organizations, and then raise the bar by increasing its goals for 2012.Findings – Experience in implementing sustainability shows the importance of the following factors: being explicit about sustainability and its importance: keeping a broad definition of sustainability; ensuring that sustainability is not added work; eliminating trade‐offs between performance, value a.
HABITAT SELECTION AS AN EVOLUTIONARY GAME

Under habitat selection, mobile foragers may not only possess behavioral flexibility that allows them to utilize habitats selectively or opportunistically, but they may also possess heritable traits that influence their performance within each habitat. A game theoretic model is developed that investigates this evolutionary dimension of habitat selection. The model follows that of Rosenzweig (1987b) and considers a patchy environment containing two distinct habitat types. Behaviorally, foragers may be selective or opportunistic; morphologically, foragers possess traits that represent a trade‐off between performance in the two habitat types. Depending on the environment's structure, one of three types of communities emerges as the ESS: (1) a single generalist species that behaves opportunistically, (2) two species that are extreme specialists on habitat 1 and 2, respectively; behaviorally, these species are selective on their respective habitat types, and (3) one generalist species that behaves opportunistically and one specialist species that behaves selectively on its preferred habitat. Community (1) emerges when habitat selection is costly, community (2) emerges when habitat selection is cost‐free, and community (3) emerges when the relative abundances or productivities of the two habitat types are lopsided.
The adoption of corporate governance mechanisms: a test of competing diffusion models

We develop alternative diffusion models of two corporate governance mechanisms-joint venture and M-form organizational structure-using relevant concepts from the resource-based theory. Using data on joint venture adoption from one homogeneous industry information technology sector and employing both linear and nonlinear estimations, we test the explanatory power of the internal-influence model in comparison with a competing model of external-influence. Our empirical results support the internal-influence model in this sector with additional evidence for generalizability provided through a multisector sample of joint venture formation. In contrast, empirical results on the diffusion of M-form structure are more consistent with the external-influence model.
Discovery of FIXa inhibitors by combination of pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and 3D-QSAR modeling

Abstract Human Coagulation Factor IXa (FIXa), specifically inhibited at the initiation stage of the blood coagulation cascade, is an excellent target for developing selective and safe anticoagulants. To explore this inhibitory mechanism, 86 FIXa inhibitors were selected to generate pharmacophore models and subsequently SAR models. Both best pharmacophore model and ROC curve were built through the Receptor–Ligand Pharmacophore Generation module. CoMFA model based on molecular docking and PLS factor analysis methods were developed. Model propagations values are q2 = 0.709, r2 = 0.949, and r2pred = 0.905. The satisfactory q2 value of 0.609, r2 value of 0.962, and r2pred value of 0.819 for CoMSIA indicated that the CoMFA and CoMSIA models are both available to predict the inhibitory activity on FIXa. On the basis of pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and 3D-QSAR modeling screening, six molecules are screened as potential FIXa inhibitors.
Community-Based Participatory Health Survey of Hanford, WA, Downwinders: A Model for Citizen Empowerment

Residents around the Hanford, WA, plutonium production facility have long suspected damage to their health due to radioactive releases from the plant. From 1944 to 1986 the government denied environmental contamination, let alone any health impact. An alliance of residents (Downwinders), physicians, scientists, and social justice activists designed, distributed, collected, and analyzed a health survey concerning persons who had been at risk for exposure to internally lodged radioisotopes. This community-participatory health study suggests an excess of illnesses among Hanford Downwinders. These findings cast doubts on conclusions drawn from a widely publicized government study: that radioactive emissions from Hanford did not lead to increases in thyroid disease. The described collaborative grass-roots project may serve as a model for identifying health effects among other populations exposed to radioactive fallout or other environmental contaminants. Concomitantly, a community-participatory survey can provide a sense of validation and empowerment by affording affected populations valuable data in support of their demands for large-scale epidemiological studies of environmental links to their health problems, followed by remedial actions.
Fleet deployment optimization for liner shipping Part 2. Implementation and results

We use linear programming (LP) for solving the problem of the optimal deployment of an existing fleet of multipurpose or fully containerized ships, among a given set of routes, including information for lay-up time, if any, and type and number of extra ships to charter, based on a detailed and realistic model for the calculation of the operating costs of all the ship types in every route and on a suitable LP formulation developed in earlier work of the authors. The optimization model is also applicable to the problem of finding the best fleet compostion and deployment, in a given set of trade routes, which may be the case when a shipping company is considering new or modified services, or a renewal of the existing fleet. In addition, two promising mixed linear-integer programming formulations are suggested.
Performance Evaluation of Spatial Modulation and QOSTBC for MIMO Systems

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems require simplified architectures that can maximize design parameters without sacrificing system performance. Such architectures may be used in a transmitter or a receiver. The most recent example with possible low cost architecture in the transmitter is spatial modulation (SM). In this study, we evaluate the SM and quasi-orthogonal space time block codes (QOSTBC) schemes for MIMO systems over a Rayleigh fading channel. QOSTBC enables STBC to be used in a four antenna design, for example. Standard QO-STBC techniques are limited in performance due to self-interference terms; here a QOSTBC scheme that eliminates these terms in its decoding matrix is explored. In addition, while most QOSTBC studies mainly explore performance improvements with different code structures, here we have implemented receiver diversity using maximal ratio combining (MRC). Results show that QOSTBC delivers better performance, at spectral efficiency comparable with SM.