Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CCAAT/Enhancer‐Binding Protein β Expressed by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Regulates Early B‐Cell Lymphopoiesis

The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein β (C/EBPβ) regulates the differentiation of a variety of cell types. Here, the role of C/EBPβ expressed by bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) in B‐cell lymphopoiesis was examined. The size of the precursor B‐cell population in bone marrow was reduced in C/EBPβ‐knockout (KO) mice. When bone marrow cells from C/EBPβ‐KO mice were transplanted into lethally irradiated wild‐type (WT) mice, which provide a normal bone marrow microenvironment, the size of the precursor B‐cell population was restored to a level equivalent to that generated by WT bone marrow cells. In coculture experiments, BMMSCs from C/EBPβ‐KO mice did not support the differentiation of WT c‐Kit+ Sca‐1+ Lineage− hematopoietic stem cells (KSL cells) into precursor B cells, whereas BMMSCs from WT mice did. The impaired differentiation of KSL cells correlated with the reduced production of CXCL12/stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 by the cocultured C/EBPβ‐deficient BMMSCs. The ability of C/EBPβ‐deficient BMMSCs to undergo osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation was also defective. The survival of leukemic precursor B cells was poorer when they were cocultured with C/EBPβ‐deficient BMMSCs than when they were cocultured with WT BMMSCs. These results indicate that C/EBPβ expressed by BMMSCs plays a crucial role in early B‐cell lymphopoiesis. Stem Cells 2014;32:730–740
Model Predictive MRAS Estimator for Sensorless Induction Motor Drives

This paper presents a novel predictive model reference adaptive system (MRAS) speed estimator for sensorless induction motor (IM) drives applications. The proposed estimator is based on the finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) principle. The rotor position is calculated using a search-based optimization algorithm which ensures a minimum speed tuning error signal at each sampling period. This eliminates the need for a proportional-integral (PI) controller which is conventionally employed in the adaption mechanism of MRAS estimators. Extensive experimental tests have been carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimator using a 2.2-kW IM with a field-oriented control (FOC) scheme employed as the motor control strategy. Experimental results show improved performance of the MRAS scheme in both open- and closed-loop sensorless modes of operation at low speeds and with different loading conditions including regeneration. The proposed scheme also improves the system robustness against motor parameter variations and increases the maximum bandwidth of the speed loop controller.
Lobbying on accounting issues: Preparer/user imbalance in the case of the Operating and Financial Review

The lack of user response in written submissions on accounting standards has been noted in previous research. That lack of user response has limited empirical investigations with the result that lobbying by users has to be understood largely from theoretical literature in the political and social arena. Aims to add empirical data to the understanding of the user perspective, taking as a focus for the investigation the lobbying of the UK Accounting Standards Board in respect of the Operating and Financial Review. Four issues are chosen for analysis: usefulness to users, effectiveness of voluntary compliance, confidentiality and provision of forward‐looking information. Shows that the ASB’s responses on these four major issues are rational in terms of the relative intensity of lobbying. Using interview methods to obtain user responses shows that a different perception of lobbying intensity may be derived from a comparison of preparer and user responses, such that preparers’ views may have given too negative an impression to the ASB. The relative persuasive power of different arguments is shown to depend on how the comparison is undertaken. Uses the quantitative analysis of responses as a base from which to explore the potential for strategic lobbying to disguise self‐interested motivation and provides some insight on the lack of user response.
Differential effects of STAT5 and PI3K/AKT signaling on effector and memory CD8 T-cell survival

During viral infection, effector CD8 T cells contract to form a population of protective memory cells that is maintained by IL-7 and IL-15. The mechanisms that control effector cell death during infection are poorly understood. We investigated how short- and long-lived antiviral CD8 T cells differentially used the survival and cell growth pathways PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT5. In response to IL-15, long-lived memory precursor cells activated AKT significantly better than short-lived effector cells. However, constitutive AKT activation did not enhance memory CD8 T-cell survival but rather repressed IL-7 and IL-15 receptor expression, STAT5 phosphorylation, and BCL2 expression. Conversely, constitutive STAT5 activation profoundly enhanced effector and memory CD8 T-cell survival and augmented homeostatic proliferation, AKT activation, and BCL2 expression. Taken together, these data illustrate that effector and memory cell viability depends on properly balanced PI3K/AKT signaling and the maintenance of STAT5 signaling.
Return Behavior in Emerging Stock Markets

This article investigates the behavior of stock returns in the twenty stock markets represented in the International Finance Corporation's Emerging Markets Data Base. The aim is to test for return anomalies and predictability. Using statistical methodologies that have identified seasonal and size-based return differences, as well as general return predictability in industrial markets, the authors find that these emerging markets display few of the same anomalies. In particular, the authors find limited evidence of turn-of-the-tax-year effects and small-firm effects. The authors do find, however, evidence of return predictability.
Comparison of Standardized Uptake Values in Normal Structures Between PET/CT and PET/MRI in a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital: A Prospective Study.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare standardized uptake values (SUVs) of normal tissues using MR attenuation-corrected versus CT attenuation-corrected (18)F-FDG PET in a pediatric population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty-five patients (21 boys; mean age, 13.3 years) referred for 47 PET/CT scans were recruited to undergo PET/MRI. MR attenuation correction was performed using an automated three-segment model. ROIs were drawn over nine normal structures to estimate SUV(min), SUV(mean), and SUV(max). Pearson rank correlation coefficients were calculated to compare SUVs obtained from MR and CT attenuation correction. In nine patients who underwent multiple PET/MRI studies, coefficients of variance and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate intrapatient SUV(max) variation. RESULTS Mean (± SD) time to imaging after FDG injection was 108 ± 17 minutes for PET/CT and 61 ± 6 minutes for PET/MRI. PET/MRI SUVs in all tissues were lower than those for PET/CT (mean difference, -28.9% ± 31.1%; p < 0.05). Very high or high correlation between PET/MRI and PET/CT SUV(max) was found in brain (r = 0.72), myocardium (r = 0.95), and bone marrow (r = 0.85) (p < 0.001). Moderate correlation was found in liver (r = 0.54), fat (r = 0.41), mean blood pool (r = 0.40), and psoas muscle (r = 0.38) (p < 0.01). Weak correlation was found in lung (r = 0.12) and iliacus muscle (r = 0.12). Compared with PET/CT, PET/MRI systematically undermeasured SUV. In nine patients who underwent multiple PET/MRI examinations, moderate or strong agreement was found in the SUV(max) of six of nine tissues, similar to the corresponding PET/CT examinations. CONCLUSION Our study showed overall high correlation for SUV measurements obtained from MR attenuation correction compared with CT attenuation correction, although PET/MRI underestimated SUV compared with PET/CT. SUVs measured from PET/MRI indicated good intrapatient reliability.
A Test Of The Easterbrook Hypothesis Regarding Dividend Payments And Agency Costs

Easterbrook (1984) argues that dividend payments may be an ambiguous signal unless the market can distinguish growing firms from disinvesting firms. Shares of growing firms that announce both financing and dividend increases are predicted to rise more in value than shares of firms announcing a dividend increase alone. We examine the relation between prior financing activity and the market response to initial dividends and find evidence consistent with the Easterbrook agency cost model.
The Impact of Bankers on the Board on Corporate Dividend Policy: Evidence from an Emerging Market

This study collects data from Taiwan publicly traded corporations that have banker directors between 2003 and 2007, together with a matching sample consisting of firms without banker directors. Variables used to construct empirical analyses are from the Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ) database. The results indicate that there is a negative relationship between the presence of banker directors and the likelihood of dividend payment. This study contributes to lacuna in the existing banking literature by providing evidence on how banks influence listed corporate dividend policy in emerging markets.
Structuring Users' Self-Report Responses to Website Designs

A two-dimensional framework is proposed as a basis for assessing users' self-report responses to website designs. This incorporates two features that have been consistently identified in the psychology and design literatures: (a) a processing sequence and (b) a distinction between cognition and affect. Suggested advantages include increased clarity with regard to the identification of self-report constructs, stronger links to relevant literature, and improved “actionability” of designs. To examine this framework empirically, a study was conducted for which participants were required to imagine selecting a psychology university degree program and to provide a series of ratings of the designs of five department websites. The proposed framework enabled the identification of distinct and interpretable patterns of users' responses. In this regard, a number of consistencies with recent conceptualizations of user experience were noted. Implications and limitations of the proposed approach were considered.
Cell Differentiation and Matrix Organization in Engineered Teeth

Embryonic dental cells were used to check a series of criteria to be achieved for tooth engineering. Implantation of cultured cell-cell re-associations led to crown morphogenesis, epithelial histogenesis, organ vascularization, and root and periodontium development. The present work aimed to investigate the organization of predentin/dentin, enamel, and cementum which formed and mineralized after implantation. These implants were processed for histology, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray microanalysis, and electron diffraction. After two weeks of implantation, the re-associations showed gradients of differentiating odontoblasts. There were ciliated, polarized, and extended cell processes in predentin/dentin. Ameloblasts became functional. Enamel crystals showed a typical oriented arrangement in the inner and outer enamel. In the developing root, odontoblasts differentiated, cementogenesis occurred, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts interacted with the root surface and newly formed bone. The implantation of cultured dental cell re-associations allows for reproduction of complete functional differentiation at the cell, matrix, and mineral levels.
Why do Europeans Work (Much) Less? It is Taxes and Government Spending

We develop and calibrate a theoretical model that explains per capita hours worked and output growth as a function of three fiscal policy variables. Differences in income taxes, productive government expenditures, and nonemployment transfers are sufficient to answer the question why Europeans work (much) less than Americans and why some Europeans work less than others. Differences in taste for leisure have little role to play given the actual variation of these three policy variables. (JEL E24, E62, J22, O41)
Nonprofit Governance and Accountability

Drawing on comparative case studies, this article critiques the positioning of accountability as a benign and straightforward governance function. From a critical management studies perspective, I offer a conceptualization of the relationship between governance and accountability in which issues of power, beliefs about the nature of organizing, and social relations are integral features. The article clarifies how principal-agent governance assumptions, based on a central logic of unitarism, can drive narrow compliance-based interpretations of accountability. Such an approach appears at odds with the values embedded in the social missions of many nonprofits insofar as they prioritize small sections of powerful stakeholders over sustained periods of time. Conversely, a pluralist logic appears to create space for broad accountability to multiple stakeholders. Here, expressive, values-based accountability is seen as a source of legitimacy and can produce complex relationships, which challenge the instrumental orientation to social relations that principal-agent theories assume.
Inter‐ and Intra‐Household Earnings Differentials Among Homosexual and Heterosexual Couples

We present earnings differentials between homosexuals and heterosexuals. In line with previous research, we find that gay males earn less than heterosexual males, and that lesbians earn more than heterosexual females. However, when combining the individuals into households, our results are strikingly different: very small earnings differentials between gay households and heterosexual households are found. Lesbian households earn considerably less. The largest earnings inequalities between spouses are found among gay males followed by heterosexuals. Studying sexual orientation and earnings is complex, and household earnings have to be taken into consideration when conclusions are drawn.
Smoking behavior and related factors among Japanese nursing students: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND Although there have been several surveys on smoking behavior among Japanese nursing students, most have been cross-sectional studies. No longitudinal studies, such as a prospective cohort study, have ever been carried out. We therefore conducted a cohort study on, and analyzed smoking behavior and related factors among, Japanese nursing students. METHODS A survey on smoking behavior using a confidential questionnaire was conducted on nursing students at two vocational schools of nursing and two nursing colleges/universities located in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Another survey was subsequently conducted in the same manner among the same subjects 1 year later. The surveys were conducted between 1997 and 1999. RESULTS Over the 1-year period, the prevalence of smoking among nursing students increased by 10% for students at the vocational schools of nursing (n = 224) and by 3% for students at the nursing colleges/universities (n = 222). The average score for nicotine dependence for students who were daily smokers at both time points rose from 3.6 to 4.4 (P < 0.05). Two factors found to significantly predict smoking behavior were having friends who smoke and living alone. CONCLUSION Smoking prevalence is increasing among Japanese nursing students. Smoking prevention and cessation interventions should be instituted in all nursing training programs.
Do Immigrants Compete with Natives

The paper analyses the impact of foreign workers on the Italian labour market. We address the issue of whether immigrants from less developed countries are complementary or substitutes to domestic workers. We construct a data set on immigrant workers from the Administrative Social Security Archive which starts in 1986, before the general amnesty of 1990-91, when a large share of illegal immigrants were granted working permits, and end in 1995. A two-stage procedure devised by Moulton is applied to yearly cross-sections of wages by industry and region. Our results show that the inflow of immigrants raises the wages of native manual workers (i.e. it has a complementary effect), and this effect is larger in small firms and in the north of the country. We postulate that the positive impact on native wages is due to the existence of labour constraints on the side of firms. Firms are unable to expand their output because they cannot find native workers who are willing to undertake certain (typically low-skilled) jobs. Immigrants help to fill this gap. This view is reinforced by the fact that over a 'crucial threshold' of the share of foreign work (7.7-12 percent) additional inflows in the labour market of foreign work have a negative effect on native wages (i.e. they compete with natives). Copyright Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1999.
EDI Implementation in JIT and Non‐JIT Manufacturing Firms: A Comparative Study

To compete successfully in the global market, firms are adopting new technologies and manufacturing strategies. The Just‐in‐Time (JIT) philosophy and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) are two recent developments that can help these firms. The success of JIT depends on timely and effective exchange of information between the manufacturing firm and its trading partners. The literature suggests that EDI, as a communication tool, can meet this demand. However, no study investigates the impact of EDI in the JIT environment. Also, the literature lacks a thorough investigation of the EDI benefits realized by JIT and non‐JIT manufacturing firms. This empirical study examines these issues. It is found that the reason for choosing EDI and the benefits realized by JIT firms differ from those of the non‐JIT firms. Further analysis suggests that JIT firms benefit more from EDI that non‐JIT firms.
This Time It’s Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly-Chapter 1

Throughout history, rich and poor countries alike have been lending, borrowing, crashing--and recovering--their way through an extraordinary range of financial crises. Each time, the experts have chimed, "this time is different"--claiming that the old rules of valuation no longer apply and that the new situation bears little similarity to past disasters. We stress that premise is wrong. Covering sixty-six countries across five continents, This Time Is Different presents a comprehensive look at the varieties of financial crises, and guides us through eight astonishing centuries of government defaults, banking panics, and inflationary spikes--from medieval currency debasements to today's subprime catastrophe. We argue that financial combustions are universal rites of passage for emerging and established market nations. The authors draw important lessons from history to show us how much--or how little--we have learned. We document that financial fallouts occur in clusters and strike with surprisingly consistent frequency, duration, and ferocity. We examine the patterns of currency crashes, high and hyperinflation, and government defaults on international and domestic debts--as well as the cycles in housing and equity prices, capital flows, unemployment, and government revenues around these crises. While countries do weather their financial storms, we show that short memories make it all too easy for crises to recur.
Pay Secrecy and Effort Provision

Pay secrecy is often justified on the ground of concerns about the detrimental consequences of intra-firm pay comparisons for work morale and performance. Surprisingly, however, there isonly limited empirical evidence that the availability of pay comparison information is detrimental for effort provision. In this paper we study pay comparison effects in a gift-exchange game laboratory experiment where an employer is matched with two symmetric employees. We compare effort choices made by employees in a ‘pay secrecy’ treatment and in two ‘public wages’ treatments where employees are informed of the wage paid to the coworker. In one ‘public wages’ treatments the employer can choose both wages she pays to the employees, while in the other treatment the wage paid to one employee is regulated exogenously. We show that pay disclosure can be detrimental for effort provision if employees are treated unequally.
Determining the importance of key criteria in web usability

Purpose – This research aims to investigate the relative importance of five key criteria in assessing web usability. These criteria are navigation, download speed, personalization, ease of use, and accessibility. It is believed that these factors play a significant role in assessing web usability.Design/methodology/approach – This study utilized a scenario‐based, multi‐criteria decision‐making approach. The method (policy capturing) utilizes multiple scenarios to determine the relative importance of the criteria of interest. Based on the responses to these scenarios (assessing web usability), linear regressions, and Tukey's honestly significant differences were utilized to determine the relative importance of the five web usability criteria.Findings – The research indicated that, as expected, ease of use was the criteria that the respondents considered most important in assessing web usability. Interestingly, personalization and customization was consistently reported as the least important criteria. It w.
Physical aggression in dementia patients and its relationship to depression.

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the frequency of physically aggressive behavior in community-residing patients with dementia and its relationship to depression. METHOD A consecutive series of 541 patients with DSM-IV-defined dementia underwent comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluation and were rated on the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, the Mini-Mental State, the Psychogeriatric Dependency Rating Scale, and the General Medical Health Rating. RESULTS Physically aggressive behavior was exhibited by 79 patients in the 2 weeks before evaluation. Aggressive behavior was closely associated with moderate to severe depression, male gender, and greater impairment in activities of daily living, even after adjustment for delusions, hallucinations, sleep disturbance, and severity of cognitive impairment. After adjustment for depression, gender, and impairment in activities of daily living, there was no association between physically aggressive behavior and the presence of either delusions or hallucinations. CONCLUSIONS A substantial minority of patients with dementia exhibit physically aggressive behavior, and this aggression is strongly linked with the presence of depressive symptoms. It is possible that the identification and treatment of depression in dementia may be a means of preventing and managing physically aggressive behavior.