Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prognostic and pathologic significance of quantitative protein expression profiling in human gliomas.

PURPOSE Analysis of tumor-derived genetic lesions has provided insights into molecular pathogenesis of human gliomas. Because these changes represent only one of several mechanisms that alter gene expression during tumorigenesis, it is likely that further information will be obtained from a careful analysis of important regulatory proteins present in these tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We have quantified the levels of key cell cycle/signaling proteins in 94 prospectively collected, meticulously preserved, "snap frozen" glioma specimens and have compared these levels with histopathological data and patient outcome. RESULTS The results of these experiments confirm that the levels of wild-type tumor suppressor proteins, such as p53, pRB, PTEN, p14(ARF), and p16(INK4), are lost or severely reduced in most gliomas, and that epidermal growth factor receptor, 2human telomerase reverse transcriptase, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 are overexpressed frequently and with a few exceptions, almost exclusively, in glioblastomas. In addition, we report frequent underexpression of E2F-1 (in 55% of gliomas) and cyclin E overexpression (in 26% of gliomas), which have not yet been reported on the genomic level. Several of these markers significantly correlated with histopathological grade, and the levels of five proteins showed significant association with patient outcome. In particular, overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor, human telomerase reverse transcriptase, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, and cyclin E was largely restricted to glioblastomas and was significantly associated with reduced patient survivals. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the quantitation of cell cycle/signaling proteins from meticulously preserved glioma specimens provides further insights into the molecular pathogenesis of human gliomas and yields valuable prognostic information.
Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Assault on Dating Partners

This paper examines the prevalence and correlates of dating partner violence in a cohort of 1,736 university students from Hong Kong and the United States. The participants completed the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale and the Personal and Relationships Profile to report on the rates of occurrence of physical assault and injury. The differences between the two sites were compared using independent t-tests. Logistic regression was employed to predict the presence or absence of physical assault in the previous year of reporting based on the demographic variables. Results showed that more Hong Kong students reported physical assault than did US students. A combination of the perpetrator-related demographic characteristics, and relationship and personal factors accounted for the differences in the preceding-year prevalence of physical assault perpetration in the two samples. To further investigate dating violence in diverse social settings, cultural factors correlated to dating violence should be taken into consideration.
A macro-micro controller for pallet picking by an articulated-frame-steering hydraulic mobile machine

This paper addresses the macro-micro configuration of a mobile manipulation problem for a forklift; specifically, it investigates pallet picking with visual feedback. A manipulator with limited degrees of freedom and differential constraint mobility, together with the large dimensions of the machine, requires reliable visual feedback (pallet pose) and navigation from relatively large distances. It has been shown that the problem can be divided into two parts in order to solve the related issues based on path following theories and visual servoing. Moreover, visual pallet detection is non-real-time and unreliable, especially due to large distances, unfavorable vibrations, and fast steering. To address these issues, we introduce a simple and efficient method that integrates the vision output with odometry and realizes a smooth and nonstop transition from global navigation to visual servoing. Real-world implementation on a small-sized forklift demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed macro-micro architecture.
The Effect on Cumulative Language Acquisition Increase for English Language Learner Students in Kindergarten through Third Grade Who Attended Multiple Years of Summer Remediation Programs.

x CHAPTER 1. INTORDUCTION TO THE STUDY 1 Studies That Have Addressed the Problem 4 Deficiencies in the Studies 8 The Significance of the Study for Particular Audiences 9 The Purpose of the Study 11 Research Question 13 Null Hypothesis 14 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 15 Introduction 15
Methylotrophy in a Lake: from Metagenomics to Single-Organism Physiology

ABSTRACT This review provides a brief summary of ongoing studies in Lake Washington (Seattle, WA) directed at an understanding of the content and activities of microbial communities involved in methylotrophy. One of the findings from culture-independent approaches, including functional metagenomics, is the prominent presence of Methylotenera species in the site and their inferred activity in C1 metabolism, highlighting the local environmental importance of this group. Comparative analyses of individual genomes of Methylophilaceae from Lake Washington provide insights into their genomic divergence and suggest significant metabolic flexibility.
Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften Leipzig Dynamical scaling in Smoluchowski ’ s coagulation equations : uniform convergence

We consider the approach to self-similarity (or dynamical scaling) in Smoluchowski’s coagulation equations for the solvable kernels K(x, y) = 2, x+ y and xy. We prove the uniform convergence of densities to the self-similar solution with exponential tails under the regularity hypothesis that a suitable moment have an integrable Fourier transform. For the discrete equations we prove uniform convergence under optimal moment hypotheses. Our results are completely analogous to classical local convergence theorems for the normal law in probability theory. The proofs are simple and rely on the Fourier inversion formula and the solution by the method of characteristics for the Laplace transform.
The Multifaceted Effects of Agmatine on Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury through Modulations of BMP-2/4/7 Expressions in Neurons and Glial Cells

Presently, few treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI) are available and none have facilitated neural regeneration and/or significant functional improvement. Agmatine (Agm), a guanidinium compound formed from decarboxylation of L-arginine by arginine decarboxylase, is a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator and been reported to exert neuroprotective effects in central nervous system injury models including SCI. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the multifaceted effects of Agm on functional recovery and remyelinating events following SCI. Compression SCI in mice was produced by placing a 15 g/mm2 weight for 1 min at thoracic vertebra (Th) 9 segment. Mice that received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Agm (100 mg/kg/day) within 1 hour after SCI until 35 days showed improvement in locomotor recovery and bladder function. Emphasis was made on the analysis of remyelination events, neuronal cell preservation and ablation of glial scar area following SCI. Agm treatment significantly inhibited the demyelination events, neuronal loss and glial scar around the lesion site. In light of recent findings that expressions of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are modulated in the neuronal and glial cell population after SCI, we hypothesized whether Agm could modulate BMP- 2/4/7 expressions in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and play key role in promoting the neuronal and glial cell survival in the injured spinal cord. The results from computer assisted stereological toolbox analysis (CAST) demonstrate that Agm treatment dramatically increased BMP- 2/7 expressions in neurons and oligodendrocytes. On the other hand, BMP- 4 expressions were significantly decreased in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes around the lesion site. Together, our results reveal that Agm treatment improved neurological and histological outcomes, induced oligodendrogenesis, protected neurons, and decreased glial scar formation through modulating the BMP- 2/4/7 expressions following SCI.
Identification and Modeling of Genes with Diurnal Oscillations from Microarray Time Series Data

Behavior of living organisms is strongly modulated by the day and night cycle giving rise to a cyclic pattern of activities. Such a pattern helps the organisms to coordinate their activities and maintain a balance between what could be performed during the "day” and what could be relegated to the "night. ” This cyclic pattern, called the "Circadian Rhythm,” is a biological phenomenon observed in a large number of organisms. In this paper, our goal is to analyze transcriptome data from Cyanothece for the purpose of discovering genes whose expressions are rhythmic. We cluster these genes into groups that are close in terms of their phases and show that genes from a specific metabolic functional category are tightly clustered, indicating perhaps a "preferred time of the day/night” when the organism performs this function. The proposed analysis is applied to two sets of microarray experiments performed under varying incident light patterns. Subsequently, we propose a model with a network of three phase oscillators together with a central master clock and use it to approximate a set of "circadian-controlled genes” that can be approximated closely.
Socio-economic factors related to moral reasoning in childhood and adolescence: the missing link between brain and behavior

Neuroscientific and psychological research on moral development has until now developed independently, referring to distinct theoretical models, contents, and methods. In particular, the influence of socio-economic and cultural factors on morality has been broadly investigated by psychologists but as yet has not been investigated by neuroscientists. The value of bridging these two areas both theoretically and methodologically has, however, been suggested. This study aims at providing a first connection between neuroscientific and psychological literature on morality by investigating whether socio-economic dimensions, i.e., living socio-geographic/economic area, immigrant status and socio-economic status (SES), affect moral reasoning as operationalized in moral domain theory (a seminal approach in psychological studies on morality) and in Greene et al. (2001) perspective (one of the main approaches in neuroethics research). Participants were 81 primary school (M = 8.98 years; SD = 0.39), 72 middle school (M = 12.14 years; SD = 0.61), and 73 high school (M = 15.10 years; SD = 0.38) students from rural and urban areas. Participants' immigrant status (native vs. immigrant) and family SES level were recorded. Moral reasoning was assessed by means of a series of personal and impersonal dilemmas based on Greene et al. (2001) neuroimaging experiment and a series of moral and socio-conventional rule dilemmas based on the moral domain theory. Living socio-geographic/economic area, immigrant status and SES mainly affected evaluations of moral and, to a higher extent, socio-conventional dilemmas, but had no impact on judgment of personal and impersonal dilemmas. Results are mainly discussed from the angle of possible theoretical links and suggestions emerging for studies on moral reasoning in the frameworks of neuroscience and psychology.
Temperature–Moisture Dependence of the Deep Convective Transition as a Constraint on Entrainment in Climate Models

AbstractProperties of the transition to strong deep convection, as previously observed in satellite precipitation statistics, are analyzed using parcel stability computations and a convective plume velocity equation. A set of alternative entrainment assumptions yields very different characteristics of the deep convection onset boundary (here measured by conditional instability and plume vertical velocity) in a bulk temperature–water vapor thermodynamic plane. In observations the threshold value of column water vapor above which there is a rapid increase in precipitation, referred to as the critical value, increases with temperature, but not as quickly as column saturation, and this can be matched only for cases with sufficiently strong entrainment. This corroborates the earlier hypothesis that entraining plumes can explain this feature seen in observations, and it places bounds on the lower-tropospheric entrainment. Examination of a simple interactive entrainment scheme in which a minimum turbulent entrai.
Savings and financial sector development: panel cointegration evidence from Africa

The paper uses different measures of financial sector development (FSD) for a dynamic heterogeneous panel of 17 African countries to examine the impact of FSD on private savings. An innovative econometric methodology is also employed related to a series of cointegration tests within a panel. This is an important contribution, since traditional panel data analysis adopted in previous studies suffers from serious heterogeneity bias problems. The empirical results obtained vary considerably among countries in the panel, thus highlighting the importance of using different measures of FSD rather than a single indicator. The evidence is rather inconclusive, although in most of the countries in the sample, a positive relationship between FSD and private savings seems to hold. The empirical analysis also suggests that a change in government savings is offset by an opposite change in private savings in most of the countries in the panel, thus confirming the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis. Liquidity constraints do not seem to play a vital role in most of the African countries in the group, since the relevant coefficient is negative and significant in only a small group of countries.
The effects of operational parameters on flue gas recirculation iron ore sintering process: sensitivity analysis based on numerical simulation and industrial onsite experimental validation

ABSTRACT A one-dimensional mathematical model is adopted to analyse influences of operational parameters on process performance during flue gas recirculation sintering (FGRS). Simulation results show that FGRS can enhance combustion characteristics and improve distribution of heat. Subsequently, the sensitivity coefficient is used to study contribution of operational parameters to quality and productivity of sintered ore. Sensitivity analysis shows the order of sensitivity of productivity is O2 content > gas supply > temperature, while that of quality is O2 content > temperature > gas supply. The optimal regulation strategy is that O2 content should be controlled first before temperature and that gas supply should be closely controlled. The optimum O2 content range is 19–20 vol.-% and the optimum temperature is around 200°C. Gas supply of FGRS should increase by 4.17%. Finally, an industrial test was carried out, which indicated that the optimal regulation strategy is reasonable.
Reverse traceroute

Traceroute is the most widely used Internet diagnostic tool today. Network operators use it to help identify routing failures, poor performance, and router misconfigurations. Researchers use it to map the Internet, predict performance, geolocate routers, and classify the performance of ISPs. However, traceroute has a fundamental limitation that affects all these applications: it does not provide reverse path information. Although various public traceroute servers across the Internet provide some visibility, no general method exists for determining a reverse path from an arbitrary destination. In this paper, we address this longstanding limitation by building a reverse traceroute system. Our system provides the same information as traceroute, but for the reverse path, and it works in the same case as traceroute, when the user may lack control of the destination. We use a variety of measurement techniques to incrementally piece together the path from the destination back to the source. We deploy our system on PlanetLab and compare reverse traceroute paths with traceroutes issued from the destinations. In the median case our tool finds 87% of the hops seen in a directly measured traceroute along the same path, versus only 38% if one simply assumes the path is symmetric, a common fallback given the lack of available tools. We then illustrate how we can use our reverse traceroute system to study previously unmeasurable aspects of the Internet: we present a case study of how a content provider could use our tool to troubleshoot poor path performance, we uncover more than a thousand peer-to-peer AS links invisible to current topology mapping efforts, and we measure the latency of individual backbone links with average error under a millisecond.
EXTRACTION OF NICKEL FROM A MIXED NICKEL-COBALT HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATE

The extraction of nickel from a mixed nickel-cobalt hydroxide precipitate (MHP) was conceived and experimentally explored. The effect of sulphuric acid concentration, leaching time, leaching temperature and stirring speed on nickel extraction was investigated. After 60 min leaching time, more than 90% of nickel and approximately 80% of cobalt were taken into the leach solution under the following conditions: 0.75M sulphuric acid concentration, 30°C leaching temperature and 400 rpm stirring speed. pH of the leach slurry was determined as 1.23 under the conditions explored. It was observed that there is no beneficial effect of leaching temperature and stirring speed on the extraction of nickel from the MHP sample. The XRD pattern of the fresh MHP sample revealed the data and peak of the sample widening which is indicative of amorphous solid structure.
Management Quality and Firm Hierarchy in Industry Equilibrium

I incorporate a monitoring-based firm hierarchy into an industry equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms. I then use the theory to study aggregate impacts of an economy-wide improvement in monitoring efficiency. This shock generates a selection effect, which favors more hierarchical (i.e., more layers) firms. Interestingly, these implications depend on firms' heterogeneous choices about their hierarchy and completely disappear when firms are homogeneous in terms of the number of layers inside the hierarchy.
Slepian-Wolf coding over broadcast channels

We discuss reliable transmission of a discrete memoryless source over a discrete memoryless broadcast channel, where each receiver has side information (of arbitrary quality) about the source unknown to the sender. When there are K=2 receivers, the optimum coding strategy using separate and stand-alone source and channel codes is to build two independent binning structures and send bin indices using degraded message sets through the channel, yielding a full characterization of achievable rates. However, as we show with an example, generalization of this technique to multiple binning schemes does not fully resolve the K>2 case. Joint source-channel coding, on the other hand, allows for a much simpler strategy (i.e., with no explicit binning) yielding a successful single-letter characterization of achievable rates for any Kges2. This characterization, which utilizes a trivial outer bound to the capacity region of general broadcast channels, is in terms of marginal source and channel distributions rather than a joint source-channel distribution. This contrasts with existing results for other multiterminal scenarios and implies that optimal schemes achieve "operational separation. " On the other hand, it is shown with an example that an optimal joint source-channel coding strategy is strictly advantageous over the combination of stand-alone source and channel codes, and thus "informational separation" does not hold
Control of Central Nervous System Viral Persistence by Neutralizing Antibody

ABSTRACT Replication of the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus within the central nervous system is controlled by cellular immunity. However, following initial clearance, virus reactivates in the absence of humoral immunity. Viral recrudescence is prevented by the transfer of antiviral antibody (Ab). To characterize the specificity and biological functions of Ab critical for maintaining viral persistence, monoclonal Abs specific for the viral spike, matrix, and nucleocapsid proteins were transferred into infected B-cell-deficient mice following initial virus clearance. Neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) but not IgA anti-spike Ab suppressed virus recrudescence, reduced viral antigen in most cell types except oligodendroglia, and was associated with reduced demyelination. Nonneutralizing monoclonal Abs specific for the spike, matrix, and nucleocapsid proteins did not prevent recrudescence, demonstrating that neutralization is critical for maintaining JHM mouse hepatitis virus persistence within the central nervous system. Ab-mediated protection was not associated with alterations in virus-specific T-cell function or inflammation. Furthermore, neutralizing Ab delayed but did not prevent virus recrudescence. These data indicate that following acute viral clearance cellular immunity is ineffective in controlling virus recrudescence and suggest that the continued presence of neutralizing Ab is the essential effector in maintaining viral persistence within the central nervous system.
Urban Schools " In It for the Long Haul " : How Teacher Education Can Contribute to Teacher Retention in High-Poverty

This study explores a constellation of factors that contribute to the retention of teachers in high-poverty, urban schools. It focuses on one cohort of the University of California at Berkeley's Multicultural Urban Secondary english Credential and Ma Program, analyzing qualitative and quantitative data to track the careers of 26 novice teachers through their 5th year after receiving their credential. The authors reconsider the categories traditionally used to determine whether teachers stay or leave and offer ways to track those who stay or leave high-poverty, urban schools, including the use of a category of " movers " to describe teachers who leave urban classroom teaching yet remain active in urban education. They conclude with a discussion of factors that seem to contribute to teachers staying in high-poverty, urban schools and educational settings. Besides a state scholarship program, these include (a) a sense of mission, which was reinforced and developed by the teacher education program; (b) a disposition for hard work and persistence, which was reinforced and developed by the teacher education program; (c) substantive preparation that included both the practical and the academic and harmony between the two; (d) training in assuming the reflective stance of a teacher researcher; (e) the opportunity, given the high demand for teachers in high-poverty schools, to be able to change schools or districts yet still remain in their chosen profession; and (f) ongoing support from members of the cohort as well as other supportive professional networks across the years. O ur nation's high-poverty, urban schools are in urgent need of dedicated and skilled teachers who are willing to commit to these schools long enough to make a significant difference in school quality and student performance. although there is little disagreement about this need, there is much disagreement about how best to recruit, train, and most importantly retain teachers to effectively serve our nation's most underserved children (Darling-Hammond, 1999; Levine, 2006). emergency credential policies and other teacher recruiting programs have been relatively successful in placing new teachers in urban schools. But are we really achieving a durable urban teaching corps, consisting of urban teachers whose classroom experience and expertise match their initial enthusiasm? according to recent statistics, the answer is " no. " a New York state study showed that across many dimensions of qualification, including experience level, " urban schools have teachers with lesser qualifications " (Lankford, Loeb, & Wyckoff, 2002, p. 44) and, furthermore, …