Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finite and periodic orbits of shift radix systems

RESUME. Pour r = (r 0 , . , r d-1 ) ∈ ℝ d , nous definissons la fonction T r : ℤ d → ℤ d , z = (z 0 , . , Z d-1 ) ↦ (z 1 ,., z d-1 , - [rz]), ou rz est le produit scalaire des vecteurs r et z. Si chaque orbite de Tr se termine par 0, nous dirons que τ r est un shift radix system. Il est bien connu que chaque orbite de τ r est ultimement periodique si le polynome t d + r d-1 t d-1 + ··· + r 0 associe a r est contractant. D'autre part, si ce polynome a au moins une racine en dehors du disque unite, il existe des vecteurs initiaux qui conduisent a des orbites non-bornees. Le present article considere les cas restants pour les proprietes de periodicite des applications Tr pour des vecteurs r associes a des polynomes dont les racines ont un module superieur ou egal a un, avec egalite dans au moins un cas. Nous montrons que pour une large classe de vecteurs r appartenant a la famille precedente, l'ultime periodicite des orbites est equivalente au fait que Ts est un shift radix system ou a une autre structure prescrite d'orbite pour un certain parametre s dependant de r. Ces resultats sont combines avec de nouveaux resultats algorithmiques dans le but de caracteriser les vecteurs r de la classe precedente qui donnent des orbites ultimement periodiques pour chaque valeur initiale. En particulier, nous donnons la description de ces vecteurs r pour le cas d = 3. Cela conduit a des ensembles qui semblent avoir une structure tres compliquee.
Chondrosarcoma of the larynx.

BACKGROUND Chondrosarcoma of the larynx is a rare tumor. The most common symptom is hoarseness. Treatment is controversial. OBJECTIVES To describe six patients with laryngeal chondrosarcoma from a single center. METHODS The medical records of a major tertiary hospital were reviewed for all patients with laryngeal chondrosarcoma diagnosed and treated from 1959 to 2010. Data on background, clinical treatment and outcome were collected. RESULTS Six patients, all males with a mean age of 53.3 years, were identified. Partial laryngectomy was performed in three patients, and total laryngectomy, local excision, and partial cricoidectomy in one patient each. Four patients had a permanent tracheostomy after surgery. One patient required postoperative chemotherapy and one radiotherapy. Follow-up time was 12-216 months (mean 102 months). Recurrence developed in two patients 2 and 8 years after initial treatment and was treated by salvage surgery in both patients. One patient died during the follow-up from an unrelated cause. The others are currently alive. CONCLUSIONS This study supports earlier reports recommending initial treatment with partial or total laryngectomy for laryngeal chondrosarcoma. Long-term follow-up for recurrence is advised. We recommend preserving the larynx, if possible, even if a permanent tracheostomy is necessary.
Associations of somatic symptom attribution in Turkish patients with major depression

Abstract Background: There are differences across ethno-cultural groups in the degree of somatization among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Studies showed that the attribution style of somatic symptoms is an important predictor of health outcome in depressed patients. Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate associations of psychologizing, normalizing and somatizing attribution styles as measured by the Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire (SIQ) in Turkish patients with MDD. Methods: Ninety patients who were diagnosed with a major depressive episode using a semi-structured interview were administered the SIQ to assess attribution styles, each of which was regressed on age, gender, educational level, depressive symptom severity, tendency for somatosensory amplification, current somatic symptoms and alexithymia. Results: Scores on somatizing, psychologizing and normalizing attribution subscales of the SIQ were strongly correlated with each other. Somatosensory amplification and alexithymia were independent correlates of somatizing attributions. Higher levels of psychologizing and normalizing attributions were both related to more severe symptoms of depression and to somatosensory amplification. Conclusions: These results suggested that patients with higher levels of depressive symptoms were more likely to engage in a greater diversity of attribution styles as measured by the SIQ in our sample. Independent correlates of somatic symptom attribution in patients with MDD were found to be different from Western countries, suggestive of disparate cultural characteristics and help-seeking pathways and behaviour in Turkey.
Initial design and optimization of broad-band and dual-band square-to-circular waveguide transitions

This paper presents guidelines for the design of square-to-circular waveguide transitions. Based on an algorithm developed for rectangular waveguide transformers, performances of initial and optimized transitions are presented. Although a direct transition from square to circular waveguide provides already a reasonable return loss, it is shown that more sections are required for broad-band and dual-band transitions. Verification of design and analysis procedures is provided through comparison with the commercially available field solver HFSS.
Length of Stay After Overlapping Surgery.

min D deficiency (<10 ng/mL) (P = .002). It is possible that vitamin D supplementation may provide benefit for acute respiratory infections among individuals with very low 25-hydroxyvitamin D status. Severe vitamin D deficiency was rare in our trial because the active control group received standard-dose vitamin D supplementation. Given these results, future vitaminD supplementation trials may be justified in using a placebo group to address these important questions. This post hoc analysis was not considered in the trial power calculation, and only 32% of the study population had an end-of-summer baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration less than 30 ng/mL. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether high-dose vitamin D supplementation provides benefit for populations with lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations.
The development and validation of an age-structured model for the evaluation of disease control strategies for intestinal helminths

Summary Epidemiological modelling can be a useful tool for the evaluation of parasite control strategies. An age-structured epidemiological model of intestinal helminth dynamics is developed. This model includes the explicit representation of changing worm distributions between hosts as a result of treatment, and estimates the morbidity due to heavy infections. The model is used to evaluate the effectiveness of different programmes of age-targeted community chemotherapy in reducing the amount of morbidity due to helminth infection. The magnitude of age-related heterogeneities is found to be very important in determining the results of age-targeted treatment programmes. The model was verified using field data from control programmes for Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura, and was found to provide accurate predictions of prevalence and mean intensities of infection during and following different control regimes.
Bridging the tenant-provider gap in cloud services

The disconnect between the resource-centric interface exposed by today's cloud providers and tenant goals hurts both entities. Tenants are encumbered by having to translate their performance and cost goals into the corresponding resource requirements, while providers suffer revenue loss due to un-informed resource selection by tenants. Instead, we argue for a "job-centric" cloud whereby tenants only specify high-level goals regarding their jobs and applications. To illustrate our ideas, we present Bazaar, a cloud framework offering a job-centric interface for data analytics applications. Bazaar allows tenants to express high-level goals and predicts the resources needed to achieve them. Since multiple resource combinations may achieve the same goal, Bazaar chooses the combination most suitable for the provider. Using large-scale simulations and deployment on a Hadoop cluster, we demonstrate that Bazaar enables a symbiotic tenant-provider relationship. Tenants achieve their performance goals. At the same time, holistic resource selection benefits providers in the form of increased goodput.
Genetic and environmental relationships among somatic cell count, bacterial infection, and clinical mastitis.

Incidence of bacterial infection in 9784 lactations of 7763 cows in 31 herds, SCC in 32,448 lactations of 19,764 cows from 54 herds, and incidence of first parity mastitis recorded in the first lactations of 148,143 cows in 828 herds were analyzed. Bacterial infection was analyzed dichotomously by both threshold and linear models. The effects of parity, season, stage of lactation, and parity by stage of lactation interaction on SCC were estimated. Heritability of mean lactation log SCC--corrected for the effects of parity, season, and stage of lactation--varied from . 13 to . 27 for all parities in different data sets. Heritability of bacterial infection was . 04 for the threshold model and . 02 for the linear models. Heritability of field-recorded mastitis was . 01. The genetic correlation between bacterial infection and SCC was near unity, but the genetic correlation between SCC and mastitis was . 3. Selection for lowered SCC should reduce incidence of bacterial infection by 2% per unit of selection intensity.
Meta-synthesis of research on information seeking behaviour

Introduction. Meta-synthesis methods may help to make more sense of information behaviour research evidence. Aims and objectives. The objectives are to: 1) identify and examine the theoretical research strategies commonly used in information behaviour research; 2) discuss meta-synthesis methods that might be appropriate to the type of research studies normally encountered in information behaviour research; and 3) propose some approaches. Method. The methods are literature-review based, with reflection and discussion of an existing meta-synthesis of research on women's information behaviour. Analysis. Information behaviour reviews are categorised according to prevailing paradigm and these paradigms mapped to those used in reviews of meta-synthesis in social science. Results. The range of inquiry paradigms used in information behaviour research is varied, with a strong emphasis on psychological (positivistic) approaches and constructivism. There are many approaches to meta-synthesis and the choice depends on the desired outcomes, as the example meta-synthesis illustrates. Conclusions. Meta-synthesis approaches, such as meta-ethnography and critical interpretative synthesis, may be applied to research in information behaviour.
New and Existing Curriculum-Based Writing Measures: Technical Features Within and Across Grades

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to examine technical features of new and existing curriculum-based measures of written expression in terms of writing task, duration, and scoring procedures. Twenty-five third-, 43 fifth-, and 55 seventh- graders completed passage-copying tasks in 1.5 min and picture, narrative, and expository writing prompts in 3–7 min. Samples were scored quantitatively. Measures that yielded sufficient alternate-form reliability were examined to determine which had sufficient criterion validity, and those with sufficient criterion validity were examined to determine which detected growth from fall to spring. Different types of tasks yielded varying levels of technical adequacy at each grade, with longer durations having stronger technical adequacy for older students and more complex scoring procedures having stronger technical adequacy for all students. Narrative writing appeared most promising in terms of its technical adequacy across grades. Implications for monitoring progress within and across grades are discussed.
Glucose Regulation of Free Ca2+ in the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Mouse Pancreatic Beta Cells*

Free Ca2+ was measured in organelles of individual mouse pancreatic beta cells loaded with the low affinity indicator furaptra. After removal of cytoplasmic indicator by controlled digitonin permeabilization the organelle Ca2+was located essentially in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), >90% being sensitive to inhibition of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases. The Ca2+ accumulation in the ER of intact beta cells depended in a hyperbolic fashion on the glucose concentration with half-maximal and maximal filling at 5.5 and >20 mm, respectively. Also elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ by K+ depolarization significantly enhanced the Ca2+ accumulation. In permeabilized beta cells 1–3 mm ATP caused rapid Ca2+ filling of the ER reaching almost 500 μm. At 50 nm,Ca2+ ER became half-maximally filled at 45 μmATP, whereas only 3.5 μm ATP was required at 200 nm Ca2+. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate induced a rapid release of about 65% of the ER Ca2+, and its precursor phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate was found to slowly mobilize 75% by another mechanism. It is concluded that glucose is an efficient stimulator of Ca2+ uptake in the ER of pancreatic beta cells both by increasing ATP and cytoplasmic Ca2+. Because physiological concentrations of cytoplasmic ATP are in the mm range, Ca2+ sequestration can be anticipated to be modulated by factors reducing its ATP sensitivity.
Densification of chlorine-doped continuous CNT sheet/polyvinylidene fluoride sandwich film and improvement of the mechanical and dielectric properties

The compact structure of a chlorine-doped continuous CNT sheet/polyvinylidene fluoride (Cl-CNT sheet/PVDF) was successfully optimized by means of a hot-press treatment to improve the mechanical and dielectric properties with a high densification degree. Then, the densified Cl-CNT sheet/PVDF dielectric layer was inserted between two PVDF insulating layers to fabricate a sandwich composite. It was found that the dielectric and mechanical properties were effectively enhanced, with a dielectric permittivity of 40.4 (@102 Hz), a dielectric loss of 0.16 (@102 Hz), a tensile strength of 139 MPa, and a tensile modulus of 4.4 GPa under a hot-pressing pressure of 20 MPa. Furthermore, the densified Cl-CNT sheet/PVDF was used as an electrode in a multilayer sandwich composite film, and good performance was obtained. The improvement mechanism was discussed and the studied CNT composite and other dielectric composites were compared. It demonstrates great potential for applications in dielectric and electrode materials to achieve structural and functional integration.
Molecular diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in dogs

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a life-threatening fungal disease that can occur in dogs. The aim of this study was to provide a preliminary genetic characterisation of Pneumocystis carinii f.sp. 'canis' (P. canis) in dogs and thereby develop a reliable molecular protocol to definitively diagnose canine PCP. We investigated P. canis in a variety of lung specimens from dogs with confirmed or strongly suspected PCP (Group 1, n = 16), dogs with non-PCP lower respiratory tract problems (Group 2, n = 65) and dogs not suspected of having PCP or other lower respiratory diseases (Group 3, n = 11). Presence of Pneumocystis DNA was determined by nested PCR of the large and small mitochondrial subunit rRNA loci and by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay developed using a new set of primers. Molecular results were correlated with the presence of Pneumocystis morphotypes detected in cytological/histological preparations. Pneumocystis DNA was amplified from 13/16 PCP-suspected dogs (Group 1) and from 4/76 dogs of control Groups 2 and 3 (combined). The latter four dogs were thought to have been colonized by P. canis. Comparison of CT values in 'infected' versus 'colonized' dogs was consistent with this notion, with a distinct difference in molecular burden between groups (CT ≤ 26 versus CT range (26 <CT < 35), respectively). Phylogenetic analyses showed that P. canis is specifically 'canine' associated, being separated from other mammalian Pneumocystis species, thereby confirming the accuracy of qPCR amplicon for Pneumocystis in dogs. Using qPCR, Pneumocystis DNA can be detected in specimens from the respiratory tract and a CT value can be interpreted to distinguish infection versus colonization.
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis: current practice and future perspectives

Purpose of review To review recent developments in the noninvasive determination of fetal genetic loci via the use of fetal cells or cell-free nucleic acids in maternal blood, and provide an overview of the possibilities for future clinical applications. Recent findings Noninvasive prenatal fetal sex or Rhesus D status determination via the analysis of cell-free fetal DNA is now offered by a number of European centres. The detection of fetal loci not completely disparate from maternal ones, such as point mutations, however, is more complex due to the preponderance of maternal cell-free DNA. Promising approaches to overcome this drawback include specialized PCR protocols employing peptide-nucleic acid clamps, mass spectrometry or the enrichment of fetal cell-free DNA sequences by size-fractionation. The discovery of cell-free fetal mRNA has opened up the exciting possibility of noninvasive detection of Down's syndrome, as well as examination of fetal gene expression profiles. Summary The noninvasive determination of Mendelian disorders such as thalassemia or cystic fibrosis, and Down's syndrome may soon become a clinical reality. Noninvasive fetal profiling technologies could lead to the development of a new generation of highly specific tools for the detection of pregnancies at risk for preeclampsia or preterm labour.
A three-way catalyst system for a five-stroke engine

Abstract This paper presents the results of research on the development of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system for a turbocharged five-stroke engine. This engine was designed and constructed at Cracow University of Technology. A characteristic feature of the five-stroke engine is the use of an additional expansion process to increase overall efficiency. A challenge for a catalytic converter is the fact that it has a low exhaust gas temperature. Two three-way catalytic converters were tested – one with a ceramic support and the second with a metal support. The results of the tests showed that the reactor with a ceramic support obtains an acceptable conversion efficiency starting with an exhaust gas temperature of 280°C. For the metal-support reactor, a few percent increase in torque and a decrease in the brake-specific fuel consumption of the engine was obtained; however, the converter itself did not show signs of operation even with an exhaust gas temperature of over 380°C. The performed analyses highlighted directions of further development works in this area.
Robust Model for sea surface current simulation from radarsat-1 SAT data

This paper was utilized robust model to simulate sea surface current pattern. The horizontal surface velocity model was modified based on the Doppler frequency theory to model the sea surface current velocity. The robust model was implemented on the SAR image at two different modes (Wide- 3 and Standard-2). The results of the study were validated using real time ocean current measurements by using AWAC equipment. It was found that the velocity and direction of the current changed through the period of the study according to the changing of Doppler frequency shift used in the model to extract the sea surface current velocity and direction from the two SAR images. At the inshore area, the velocity of current extracted based on the Wide-3 mode varied between 0.22 m/s to 0.25 m/s with the average of 0.24 m/s, while based on the Standard-2 mode it varied between 0.52 m/s to 0.65 m/s with an average velocity of 0.56 m/s.
Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication in Treatment‐Resistant Hypertension Undergoing Renal Denervation

Background Adherence to medication has been repeatedly proposed to represent a major cause of treatment‐resistant hypertension (TRH); however, treatment decisions such as treating TRH with renal denervation depend on accurate judgment of adherence. We carefully analyzed adherence rates to medication before and after renal denervation and its effect on blood pressure (BP) control. Methods and Results Eighty patients with TRH were included in 2 prospective observational studies that assessed the difference of potential antihypertensive and nephroprotective effects of renal denervation. To compare prescribed with actual medication intake (representing a measure of adherence), we analyzed urine samples collected at baseline and at 6 months after renal denervation for antihypertensive compounds or metabolites (by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry). In addition to office BP, 24‐hour ambulatory BP and central hemodynamics (central systolic pressure, central pulse pressure) were assessed. Informed consent for analyses of urine metabolites was obtained from 79 of 80 patients. Actual intake of all antihypertensive drugs was detected at baseline and at 6 months after renal denervation in 44 (56%) and 52 (66%) patients, respectively; 1 drug was missing in 22 (28%) and 17 (22%) patients, respectively, and ≥2 drugs were missing in 13 (16%) and 10 (13%) patients, respectively. At baseline, 24‐hour ambulatory BP (P=0.049) and central systolic BP (P=0.012) were higher in nonadherent patients. Adherence did not significantly change overall (McNemar‐Bowker test, P=0.362). An increase in adherence was observed in 21 patients, and a decrease was observed in 11 patients. The decrease in 24‐hour ambulatory BP was not different in those with stable adherence 6 months after renal denervation (n=41, −7±13 mm Hg) compared with those with increased adherence (n=21, −10±13 mm Hg) and decreased adherence (n=11, −7±14 mm Hg) (P>0.20). Our study is limited by the relatively small sample size and potentially by the specific health environment of our university center (Northern Bavaria, Germany). Conclusions Nonadherence to medication among patients with TRH was relatively low: ≈1 of 6 patients with TRH did not take ≥2 of the prescribed drugs. Adherence pattern did not change significantly after renal denervation and had no impact on the overall observed BP changes, supporting the concept that renal denervation is an effective treatment in patients with TRH. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifiers: NCT00888433, NCT01442883 and NCT01687725.
Histidine pairing at the metal transport site of mammalian ZnT transporters controls Zn2+ over Cd2+ selectivity

Zinc and cadmium are similar metal ions, but though Zn2+ is an essential nutrient, Cd2+ is a toxic and common pollutant linked to multiple disorders. Faster body turnover and ubiquitous distribution of Zn2+ vs. Cd2+ suggest that a mammalian metal transporter distinguishes between these metal ions. We show that the mammalian metal transporters, ZnTs, mediate cytosolic and vesicular Zn2+ transport, but reject Cd2+, thus constituting the first mammalian metal transporter with a refined selectivity against Cd2+. Remarkably, the bacterial ZnT ortholog, YiiP, does not discriminate between Zn2+ and Cd2+. A phylogenetic comparison between the tetrahedral metal transport motif of YiiP and ZnTs identifies a histidine at the mammalian site that is critical for metal selectivity. Residue swapping at this position abolished metal selectivity of ZnTs, and fully reconstituted selective Zn2+ transport of YiiP. Finally, we show that metal selectivity evolves through a reduction in binding but not the translocation of Cd2+ by the transporter. Thus, our results identify a unique class of mammalian transporters and the structural motif required to discriminate between Zn2+ and Cd2+, and show that metal selectivity is tuned by a coordination-based mechanism that raises the thermodynamic barrier to Cd2+ binding.