Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Killing and Antibiofilm Activity of Encapsulated Cinnamaldehyde against Candida albicans

Candida sp. impelled opportunistic infection in immune-compromised patients ensuing from asymptomatic colonization to pathogenic forms. Moreover, slow spread of Candida species inducing refractory mucosal and invasive infections brings acute resistance to antifungal drugs. Hence, here we probed the effect of encapsulated preparation of cinnamaldehyde (CNMA) in multilamellar liposomes (ML) against Candida albicans. The efficacy of ML-CNMA against Candida biofilm was assessed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, as well as light microscopy and its percent inhibition, was determined by XTT [2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] and crystal violet assay. ML-CNMA showed more fungicidal activity than free CNMA as well as multilamellar liposomal amphotericin B (ML-Amp B), which was further confirmed by spot test assay and Log-logistic dose–response analysis. Antifungal activity was driven by reactive oxygen species and cellular damage by sustained release of CNMA. Effect on hyphal formation during 48 h in presence/absence of ML-CNMA was observed under a microscope and further substantiated by RT-PCR by amplifying HWP1, the gene responsible for hyphal wall protein formation. Apoptotic programmed cell death was analyzed by FACS analysis which was further confirmed by cytochrome C release assay. This study elucidates the mechanistic insight of the enhanced antifungal activity of ML preparation of CNMA against Candida infections.
Green Tea Extract Modulates Actin Remodeling via Rho Activity in an In vitro Multistep Carcinogenic Model

Alteration of actin polymerization and loss of actin filaments is a marker of cellular dedifferentiation and early malignant transformation. To study this phenomenon, an in vitro human urothelial model consisting of two cell lines, HUC-PC and MC-T11, were incorporated into the study design. These two cell lines have different malignant transformation potential. The effect of green tea extract (GTE), a potential anticancer agent, on actin remodeling was investigated. Upon exposure to the carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), the untransformed HUC-PC undergoes malignant transformation whereas the transformed MC-T11 progresses from noninvasive to invasive tumor. GTE induces actin polymerization in MC-T11 cells in a dose-responsive manner, but this effect is less obvious in the untransformed, more differentiated HUC-PC cells, which natively have higher actin polymerization status. In contrast, GTE antagonizes carcinogen 4-ABP induced actin depolymerization and stress fiber disruption in HUC-PC cells. In MC-T11 cells, GTE inhibits 4-ABP induced motility by increasing cell adhesion and focal adhesion complex formation. The effect of GTE on actin remodeling seems to be mediated by the stimulation of small GTP-binding protein Rho activity, because C3 exoenzyme, a specific inhibitor for Rho, blocks GTE-mediated Rho activation and stress fiber formation in MC-T11 cells. This study shows that GTE exerts an effect on cytoskeletal actin remodeling and provides further support for the use of GTE as a chemopreventive agent.
THE EFFECT OF A CRISIS ON THE EMERGENCE OF CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP: A LABORATORY STUDY.

A model relating "crisis" to the emergence of charismatic leadership and perceived leadership effectiveness was examined within an experimental setting. Path analyses revealed that subjects who experienced a crisis during a group task selected leaders more on the basis of their charismatic appeal than those who did not experience a crisis. In turn, leaders perceived to be more charismatic received higher ratings of effectiveness and satisfaction. The implications for further research and theory are discussed.
The ellipsoidal technique for design centering and region approximation

A technique for design centering and feasible region approximation is introduced. The technique exploits concepts for generating a sequence of ellipsoids of decreasing volumes. It preserves the property of containing the feasible region, assuming that it is convex. It can continue reducing volume whether the ellipsoid center is feasible or not. The technique converges to an ellipsoid whose center is the required design center, and its Hessian matrix can be used to give the preferable covariance matrix, assuming a multinormal distribution of parameters. An ellipsoidal region approximation can be obtained by scaling the final ellipsoid which facilitates an inexpensive yield estimate using the monte Carlo method. Numerical and practical examples are considered to illustrate the technique. <<ETX>>
A Deterministic Blind Receiver for MIMO OFDM Systems

In this paper a deterministic parallel factor (PARAFAC) receiver is proposed, for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. We show that the received signal forms a 4-way tensor whose dimensions are space, time, and frequency, and can be written as a sum of tensor products (over paths and users) of four tensors representing the channel (for two of them), the symbols, and the modulation. Parameters of this model are identified via an alternating least squares (ALS) algorithm, called DEBRE, whose identifiability conditions are pointed out
Defining and Measuring Spousal Esteem

This study tested the hypothesis that spousal esteem and disparagement are psychological states that track the costs and benefits of marriage to a particular person. Three separate data sources were used. First, 214 married participants reported on their personality, the esteem they held for their spouse, and issues the couple disagreed about. Second, participants provided information on their spouse's personality and behaviors their spouse performed that upset them. Third, couples were interviewed by two interviewers, who subsequently provided independent ratings of each participant's personality. Esteem held for a spouse negatively covaried with (a) spousal personality characteristics associated with cost-infliction, such as disagreeableness and emotional instability; 09) spousal sources of upset, such as physical abuse and inconsiderateness; and (c) frequency of conflict in six domains, including jealousy, affection, and money.
How Women Make Diplomacy: The British Embassy in Paris, 1815–1841

British diplomatic wives of the early nineteenth century were under increasing pressure to perform their public duties to higher standards of accountability. This article examines the embassies in Paris led by two women—Elizabeth Stuart and Harriet Granville—to ascertain how they negotiated the expectations of their post with respect to class and gender norms. Their records illustrate how new standards of state service could be set for women and how women’s hospitality work in the service of diplomacy could make it a more consultative political domain.
Evaluation of the analytical performance of the nova StatSensor creatinine meter for blood testing.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE For reliability of laboratory results, all methods, instruments, and reagents should be evaluated The Nova StatSensor creatinine meter is a hand-held device for determination of creatinine concentration in the whole blood Therefore, the device has to be validated or verified before performing. MATERIAL AND METHOD Observational analysis method with cross sectional design was used in this evaluation. The commercial reagents and coded samples were prepared for linearity, precision, accuracy, and interference studies. RESULTS The linear measurement range of 1.3 to 9.5 mg/dL was verified with the recovery results between 91.6 to 105.0%. Total imprecision demonstrated by coefficient of variation (CV) was 6.4 to 8.9 CV%. Linear regression was y = 0.946x + 0.103, r = 0.992, r2 = 0.984. The bias was calculated from our data using regression equation. Our results demonstrated the accuracy was acceptable. Glucose level of 200 mg/dL and 400 mg/dL created the high difference between baseline creatinine (1.2 mg/dL and 2.8 mg/dL) and creatinine measured in the presence of interference was 25.0%, 16.7%, 14.3%, and 19.7% respectively. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the device provides reliable creatinine measurement and could be used in point-of-care testing. Use of this device in diabetic patients with high glucose level of > or = 200 mg/dL is not recommended
Reciprocal Regulation of Dopamine D1 and D3 Receptor Function and Trafficking by Heterodimerization

Colocalization of dopamine D1 (D1R) and D3 receptors (D3R) in specific neuronal populations suggests that their functional cross-talk might involve direct interactions. Here we report that the D1R coimmunoprecipitates with the D3R from striatal protein preparations, suggesting that they are clustered together in this region. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET2), we further suggest the existence of a physical interaction between D1R and D3R. Tagged D1R and D3R cotransfected in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells generated a significant BRET2 signal that was insensitive to agonist stimulation, suggesting that they form a constitutive heterodimer. D1R and D3R regulate adenylyl cyclase (AC) in opposite ways. In HEK 293 cells coexpressing D1R and D3R, dopamine stimulated AC with higher potency and displaced [3H]R-(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (SCH23390) binding with higher affinity than in cells expressing the D1R. In HEK 293 cells individually expressing D1R or D3R, agonist stimulation induces internalization of D1R but not of D3R. Heterodimerization with D3R abolishes agonist-induced D1R cytoplasmic sequestration induced by selective D1R agonists and enables internalization of the D1R/D3R complex in response to the paired stimulation of both D1R and D3R. This mechanism involves β-arrestin binding because it was blocked by mutant β-arrestinV53D. These data suggest that as a result of dimerization, the D3R is switched to the desensitization mechanisms typical of the D1R. These data give a novel insight into how D1R and D3R may function in an integrated way, providing a molecular mechanism by which to converge D1R- and D3R-related dysfunctions.
Interactive effects of vernalization, photoperiod and light intensity on reproductive development of wheat cultivars.

The interactive effects of vernalization, photoperiod and light intensity on the length of the apex or spike and main shoot, and the diameter of the main shoot of five different wheat ( Triticum aestivumL.) cultivars (Cukurova-86, Atay-85, Lancer, Haymana-79 and Bezostaya-1) having different biological characters were investigated. The research was carried out in four independent experiments, which were the combinations of two different photoperiods (12 and 16 h.d .-1 ) and light intensities (200 µmol m -2 s -1 and 500 µmol m -2 s -1 PFD) with different vernalization periods. At the end of each photoperiod and light intensity treatment, supplementary illuminance, which was arranged to be 35% of main light regime, was applied for two hours. Vernalization treatment was applied for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days at 2 ±1°C in a dark cold room at 80% humidity and also 90 days only in the short day-low light intensity experiments. In all experimens; ear emergence was completed in Cukurova-86 and Atay-85 in the control and all vernalization treatments while it was completed in Lancer, Haymana-79 and Bezostaya-1 in 30, 45 and 60 days of vernalization treatment. Since the spike development was slow in short day conditions and the required radiation was provided by high light intensity, the longest spike was obtained in the short day-high light intensity experiment. The shortest spike was obtained in the long day-high light intensity experiment. Low light intensity accelerated the transition of the apex from the vegetative to the reproductive stage through an effect probably similar to that of vernalization, only in short day conditions. The length of the main shoot increased because of a longer flower development stage in low light intensity than that in the high light intensity, independent photoperiod. The thickest diameter of all cultivars was obtained in short day-high light intensity. The length of the apex or spike, main shoot, and diameter of main shoot decreased with increasing vernalization periods in spring type cultivars, but increased in winter cultivars with increasing vernalization periods because winter cultivars were in their vegetative phase until they reached the required vernalized period. After these periods, the length of apex or spike and diameter of main shoot decreased with increasing vernalization periods.
Effects of reinforcer distribution during response elimination on the resurgence of an extinguished instrumental response

Resurgence is the relapse of an extinguished instrumental behavior that can occur when an alternative behavior that was introduced to replace it is itself extinguished. In a typical resurgence experiment, rats are trained to make a response (R1) for food reinforcers. In a second phase, responses on R1 are no longer reinforced, but a new response (R2) is introduced and responses on it are reinforced. During a third phase, reinforcement for R2 is removed and behavior on R1 often returns (or “resurges”) despite remaining on extinction. The current experiments were designed to examine the effects of the temporal distribution of reinforcers delivered during Phase 2 on later resurgence. The role of these alternative reinforcers is central to theories that have been proposed to account for resurgence. The experiments provided a special opportunity to contrast predictions made by the Shahan-Sweeney Model (Shahan & Sweeney, 2011) and a contextual account of resurgence (Winterbauer & Bouton, 2010). Experiments 1 and 2 examined resurgence when alternative reinforcement during Phase 2 was delivered according to the same set of daily reinforcement schedules presented in different orders. That is, one group received rich reinforcement rates that were gradually thinned to leaner ones (Group Thinning) and another group received lean rates that were gradually increased to richer ones (Group Reverse Thinning). Both procedures weakened resurgence compared to that in a group that received the richest rate (a variable interval, or VI 10-s schedule that arranged for a reinforcer to be available for a response every 10s on average) during all of the Phase 2 sessions. However, the forward thinning procedure was more effective than the reverse thinning procedure at eliminating the resurgence effect. Experiment 3 examined resurgence when alternative reinforcement was only available for R2 during every other session. The results indicated that daily alternations of a VI 10-s schedule with an extinction schedule for R2 weakened resurgence compared to groups that either received the same average rate over the entire phase (VI 17.5-s) or that received the same terminal rate (VI 10-s) in every session. The Shahan-Sweeney model cannot account for several of the current results. Instead, the results are most consistent with a contextual account of resurgence. That is, resurgence can be conceptualized as an ABC renewal effect in which extinguished R1 behavior returns when an animal is removed from an extinction “context” provided by R2 reinforcement. Lean reinforcement rates at any time during Phase 2 allow the animal to learn to inhibit R1 under conditions that generalize to the extinction conditions that prevail during the resurgence test. The results also suggest that experience with alternating extinction sessions or lean reinforcement rates close to the final resurgence test are especially effective at eliminating the resurgence effect.
Optional expletive subjects in Swedish

This article investigates the use of non-referential subjects in contemporary Swedish. Given that Swedish has developed a strong subject requirement, expletive subjects are expected to be used in all clauses which lack a referential subject. In spoken Swedish, however, expletive and quasi-argument subjects are optional in utterances where there is an initial det ‘it’ which is linked to an empty position inside a finite or non-finite complement. The paper establishes that there are certain similarities between these examples and tough constructions but that the examples involving finite complements cannot be subsumed under a predication analysis which seems appropriate for the tough cases. Based on a number of authentic recorded examples, I discuss the processing of utterances with fronted anaphoric pronouns and point to certain similarities with parasitic gaps. The paper closes with a comparison with other Germanic languages.
Determinants of Household Costs Associated With Childhood Diarrhea in 3 South Asian Settings

In addition to being a major cause of mortality in South Asia, childhood diarrhea creates economic burden for affected households. We used survey data from sites in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan to estimate the costs borne by households due to childhood diarrhea, including direct medical costs, direct nonmedical costs, and productivity losses. Mean cost per episode was $1.82 in Bangladesh, $3.33 in India, and $6.47 in Pakistan. The majority of costs for households were associated with direct medical costs from treatment. Mean costs understate the distribution of costs, with 10% of cases exceeding $6.61, $8.07, and $10.11 in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, respectively. In all countries there was a trend toward lower costs among poorer households and in India and Pakistan there were lower costs for episodes among girls. For both poor children and girls this may reflect rationing of care, which may result in increased risks of mortality.
Parathyroid hormone-related peptide expression in rat collagen-induced arthritis.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a well-established animal model for rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS CIA was induced in female dark agouti rats. Inguinal (ILNs) and popliteal (PLNs) lymph nodes and distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) were retrieved at different time points. Tissues were processed for detection of PTHrP and cell marker proteins by immunohistochemistry. Lymph node RNA was extracted, and PTHrP mRNA quantified using competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Hyperplasia of ILNs was observed 2 days after injection, coinciding with the peak in PTHrP expression in ILNs (1240 +/- 373 gene copies/ng RNA vs normal 339 +/- 120, P < 0.05). Hyperplasia of PLNs was first seen at 1 day after onset of arthritis, coinciding with the peak in PTHrP expression in PLNs (2267 +/- 697 vs normal 781 +/- 136, P < 0.01). PTHrP expression in PLNs remained increased 5 days after onset (1361 +/- 302 vs normal 781 +/- 136, P < 0.05). In both PLNs and ILNs PTHrP protein was localized to high endothelial venules, lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. In DIP joint synovium PTHrP staining was first detected on day 10 after onset, and was most abundant at day 20 after onset, at sites of bone resorption and deposition, where it was localized to neutrophils, cells of monocyte lineage and osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS Changes in ILN and PLN PTHrP mRNA expression suggest that elevated levels of the cytokine are associated with aggravation of the inflammatory immune response. Changes in PTHrP in DIP joints indicate its involvement in late rather than early pathogenic events in CIA joints.
Animals and organizations

ions, exemplified by the gesture of ‘this is not a bite’. Massumi (2014) argues that through play we can deterritorialise ourselves and enter the ‘animal existential territory’ (p. 55). Play and becoming animal are both aspects of biophilia. Existing research within the field of organization studies on power and resistance has sadly neglected the significance of the animal in these relations. This Special Issue is in part a response to this neglect, highlighting the active role of animal agency in the process of organization. We have already discussed how animals come to be seen as passive actors not as a result of natural behaviour but as the result of a process of ‘de-animalization’ in the industrial slaughterhouse where they are systematically stripped of any agency or value other than as a commodity in a capitalist circuit of exchange (Hamilton and McCabe, 2016). In contrast to those studies in this Special Issue which investigate the treatment of animals as food (Baran et al, 2016; Hamilton and McCabe, 2016) and as feral pests (Hillier and Byrne, 2016), one paper investigates the active agency of animals showing how they are ‘constitutively entangled’ within organizing processes in the construction industry (Sage et al., 2016). This study by Daniel Sage and his colleagues shows that the animal other is not simply excluded from organization and that in addition to processes of exclusion, other processes of ‘disturbance’ and ‘invitation’ exist in organizations that reveal a range of approaches to negotiating human-animal boundaries. The active agency of animals in organizations is the subject of another paper in this Special Issue; a paper that explores the role played by Olly the cat when she is invited to live in an international airport (O’Doherty, 2016). The cat acts as a companion animal for some, as a public relations opportunity for others and also as a disruptive creature which becomes the focus for competing expressions of organizational politics. Both articles thus reveal the animal as an active participant in the dynamics of organizational micro politics and in the negotiation of organizational boundaries. This introduction began by considering examples of animals as both victims of modern industrial capitalism and as rebels who occasionally turn against their human keepers. This final section of the introduction has highlighted the role of animals in subverting the prevailing biosocial order of the modern world, in terms of, (1) animal resistance that represents a critique of the social order as a ‘world turned upside down’; (2) strategies of resistance that express biophilia, a friendliness towards life; and (3) strategies of resistance that embody a becoming animal. Animals are not simply to be protected by their human masters, rather animality and becoming animal are rich sources of rebellious and revolutionary action. These propositions rediscover animality as an ethics which expresses a respect of the animal other and a friendliness towards life.
DJ‐1‐deficient mice show less TH‐positive neurons in the ventral tegmental area and exhibit non‐motoric behavioural impairments

Loss of function of DJ‐1 (PARK7) is associated with autosomal recessive early‐onset Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the major age‐related neurological diseases. In this study, we extended former studies on DJ‐1 knockout mice by identifying subtle morphological and behavioural phenotypes. The DJ‐1 gene trap‐induced null mutants exhibit less dopamine‐producing neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). They also exhibit slight changes in behaviour, i.e. diminished rearing behaviour and impairments in object recognition. Furthermore, we detected subtle phenotypes, which suggest that these animals compensate for the loss of DJ‐1. First, we found a significant upregulation of mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activities, a mechanism known to protect against oxidative stress. Second, a close to significant increase in c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1 phosphorylation in old DJ‐1‐deficient mice hints at a differential activation of neuronal cell survival pathways. Third, as no change in the density of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive terminals in the striatum was observed, the remaining dopamine‐producing neurons likely compensate by increasing axonal sprouting. In summary, the present data suggest that DJ‐1 is implicated in major non‐motor symptoms of PD appearing in the early phases of the disease—such as subtle impairments in motivated behaviour and cognition—and that under basal conditions the loss of DJ‐1 is compensated