Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probability of successful larval dispersal declines fivefold over 1 km in a coral reef fish

A central question of marine ecology is, how far do larvae disperse? Coupled biophysical models predict that the probability of successful dispersal declines as a function of distance between populations. Estimates of genetic isolation-by-distance and self-recruitment provide indirect support for this prediction. Here, we conduct the first direct test of this prediction, using data from the well-studied system of clown anemonefish (Amphiprion percula) at Kimbe Island, in Papua New Guinea. Amphiprion percula live in small breeding groups that inhabit sea anemones. These groups can be thought of as populations within a metapopulation. We use the x- and y-coordinates of each anemone to determine the expected distribution of dispersal distances (the distribution of distances between each and every population in the metapopulation). We use parentage analyses to trace recruits back to parents and determine the observed distribution of dispersal distances. Then, we employ a logistic model to (i) compare the observed and expected dispersal distance distributions and (ii) determine the relationship between the probability of successful dispersal and the distance between populations. The observed and expected dispersal distance distributions are significantly different (p < 0.0001). Remarkably, the probability of successful dispersal between populations decreases fivefold over 1 km. This study provides a framework for quantitative investigations of larval dispersal that can be applied to other species. Further, the approach facilitates testing biological and physical hypotheses for the factors influencing larval dispersal in unison, which will advance our understanding of marine population connectivity.
Neural correlates of strategy use during auditory working memory in musicians and non‐musicians

Working memory (WM) performance in humans can be improved by structuring and organizing the material to be remembered. For visual and verbal information, this process of structuring has been associated with the involvement of a prefrontal–parietal network, but for non‐verbal auditory material, the brain areas that facilitate WM for structured information have remained elusive. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, this study compared neural correlates underlying encoding and rehearsal of auditory WM for structured and unstructured material. Musicians and non‐musicians performed a WM task on five‐tone sequences that were either tonally structured (with all tones belonging to one tonal key) or tonally unstructured (atonal) sequences. Functional differences were observed for musicians (who are experts in the music domain), but not for non‐musicians – The right pars orbitalis was activated more strongly in musicians during the encoding of unstructured (atonal) vs. structured (tonal) sequences. In addition, data for musicians showed that a lateral (pre)frontal–parietal network (including the right premotor cortex, right inferior precentral sulcus and left intraparietal sulcus) was activated during WM rehearsal of structured, as compared with unstructured, sequences. Our findings indicate that this network plays a role in strategy‐based WM for non‐verbal auditory information, corroborating previous results showing a similar network for strategy‐based WM for visual and verbal information.
Interaction of atomic wave packets with four-wave mixing: detection of rubidium and potassium wave packets by coherent ultraviolet emission.

The observation of an atomic wave packet by use of a coherent, nonlinear-optical process is reported. Wave packets formed in K or Rb vapor by two-photon excitation of ns and (n-2)dstates (n=8 for K; n=11 , 12 for Rb) with red (~620-nm) , 80-100-fs pulses were detected by four-wave mixing in pump-probe experiments. The temporal behavior of the wave packet is observed by monitoring the coherent UV radiation generated near the alkali mp(2)P? (2)S(1/2) (7</=m</=12 for Rb; 5</=m</=7 for K) resonance transitions when a probe pulse is scattered by the wave packet established by the earlier (identical) pump pulse. The spatial and spectral characteristics of the UV emission are well described by axially phase-matched four-wave mixing, and all the prominent frequency components of the wave packets are associated with energy differences between pairs of excited states for which Diota=0 or Diota=2 . These results demonstrate that the wave packet modulates chi((3))of the medium, thus rendering the wave packet detectable.
Saccharomyces boulardii Improves Intestinal Cell Restitution through Activation of the α2β1 Integrin Collagen Receptor

Intestinal epithelial cell damage is frequently seen in the mucosal lesions of inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Complete remission of these diseases requires both the cessation of inflammation and the migration of enterocytes to repair the damaged epithelium. Lyophilized Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb, Biocodex) is a nonpathogenic yeast widely used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, we determined whether Sb could accelerate enterocyte migration. Cell migration was determined in Sb force-fed C57BL6J mice and in an in vitro wound model. The impact on α2β1 integrin activity was assessed using adhesion assays and the analysis of α2β1 mediated signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that Sb secretes compounds that enhance the migration of enterocytes independently of cell proliferation. This enhanced migration was associated with the ability of Sb to favor cell-extracellular matrix interaction. Indeed, the yeast activates α2β1 integrin collagen receptors. This leads to an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of cytoplasmic molecules, including focal adhesion kinase and paxillin, involved in the integrin signaling pathway. These changes are associated with the reorganization of focal adhesion structures. In conclusion Sb secretes motogenic factors that enhance cell restitution through the dynamic regulation of α2β1 integrin activity. This could be of major importance in the development of novel therapies targeting diseases characterized by severe mucosal injury, such as inflammatory and infectious bowel diseases.
ADAPTIVE NOISE CANCELLATION AND BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION

The use of adaptive noise cancellers (ANCs) to reduce the noise level prior to source separation is investigated in this paper. The foetal electrocardiogram (ECG) extraction problem in particular is addressed, which as well as with noise, is compounded by the non-stationary nature of the measurements. Consequently, computer simulations show that the combined Kalman filter and natural gradient algorithm [1], cascaded with a parallel ANC network, leads to a technique that can significantly improve separation performance. Moreover, it is shown that in some cases, the performance of the method is better than that of the JADE algorithm [2].
Poly(lactide acid) composites reinforced with fibers obtained from different tissue types of Picea sitchensis

Received 18 March 2009; accepted 22 May 2009DOI 10.1002/app.30819Published online 7 July 2009 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). ABSTRACT: Wood ﬁbers vary in their properties acrossspecies, across trees of the same species, and within singletrees. This work takes advantage of wood ﬁbers reinforc-ing poly(lactic acid) composites that originate from differ-ent tissue types of the species Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis). Fibers were prepared with high temperaturethermo-mechanical processing (TMP) from juvenile,mature, and compression wood tissues of Sitka spruce.Composites were made by solution casting with sub-sequent hot-pressing. Thermal as well as mechanicalproperties were determined using differential scanningcalorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA),and tensile testing. The obtained results showed that thechemical and physical properties of different tissue-typeSitka spruce ﬁbers have signiﬁcant effects on the thermaland mechanical properties of the Polylactic acid (PLA)/Sitka ﬁber composites. To increase interfacial compatibil-ity between the hydrophilic ﬁbers and the hydrophobicpolymer matrix, the ﬁbers were treated with vinyltrime-thoxysilane (VTMO), while PLA was modiﬁed with 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). It was foundthat PLA/Sitka composites treated with VTMO and MDIexhibited improved thermal and mechanical properties,compared to the unmodiﬁed control. The work also dem-onstrates that there is potential to improve biobased com-posites by utilizing the natural variability of wood ﬁbers.
Exercise Capacity of Mice Genetically Lacking Muscle Glycogen Synthase

The glucose storage polymer glycogen is generally considered to be an important source of energy for skeletal muscle contraction and a factor in exercise endurance. A genetically modified mouse model lacking muscle glycogen was used to examine whether the absence of the polysaccharide affects the ability of mice to run on a treadmill. The MGSKO mouse has the GYS1 gene, encoding the muscle isoform of glycogen synthase, disrupted so that skeletal muscle totally lacks glycogen. The morphology of the soleus and quadriceps muscles from MGSKO mice appeared normal. MGSKO-null mice, along with wild type littermates, were exercised to exhaustion. There were no significant differences in the work performed by MGSKO mice as compared with their wild type littermates. The amount of liver glycogen consumed during exercise was similar for MGSKO and wild type animals. Fasting reduced exercise endurance, and after overnight fasting, there was a trend to reduced exercise endurance for the MGSKO mice. These studies provide genetic evidence that in mice muscle glycogen is not essential for strenuous exercise and has relatively little effect on endurance.
A role for dietary saccharide intake in cognitive performance

Abstract Objective: The current study investigated the relationship between dietary intake of saccharides and cognitive performance. Design: The study used a cross-sectional correlational design in which the relationship between saccharide intake and cognitive performance was investigated among younger and middle-aged adults. Methods: Forty-two young adults (18–30 years) and 42 middle-aged adults (45–62 years) completed a food diary on three non-consecutive days during 1 week in order to estimate dietary saccharide intake. In addition, participants completed a battery of cognitive measures that included measures assessing memory (verbal and visuo-spatial recall and recognition, working memory), speed of processing, attention and general cognitive ability. Results and conclusion: Results indicated that saccharide intake was related to performance only in verbal memory recall, and only for the middle-aged adults. Importantly, saccharide intake remained a significant predictor of verbal memory performance after controlling for education and health factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and exercise.
Corotation Resonance and Diskoseismology Modes of Black Hole Accretion Disks

We demonstrate that the corotation resonance affects only some nonaxisymmetric g-mode oscillations of thin accretion disks, since it is located within their capture zones. Using a more general (weaker radial WKB approximation) formulation of the governing equations, such g-modes, treated as perfect fluid perturbations, are shown to formally diverge at the position of the corotation resonance. For the known g-modes with moderate values of the radial mode number and axial mode number (and any vertical mode number), the corotation resonance lies well outside their trapping region (and inside the innermost stable circular orbit), so the observationally relevant modes are unaffected by the resonance. The axisymmetric g-mode has been seen by Reynolds & Miller in a recent inviscid hydrodynamic accretion disk global numerical simulation. We also point out that the g-mode eigenfrequencies approximately obey the harmonic relation σ ∝ m for axial mode numbers | m| ⩾ 1.
New Experimental Data for Enthalpy of Reaction and Temperature- and Degree-of-Cure-Dependent Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity of the Hercules 3501-6 Epoxy System

Measurements of enthalpy of reaction and temperature- and degree-of-cure-dependent specific heat and thermal conductivity are reported for a commercial epoxy resin system (Hercules 3501-6 resin). A Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) was used to determine heat of reaction and specific heat while the line source method was employed for thermal conductivity. The measured heat of reaction of 508±19J/g is compared with conflicting data previously reported by others. Specific heat is reported in the temperature range of 320–550 K and at degrees of cure 20, 40, 74 and 100%. Both raw data and polynomial curve fits are reported. Thermal conductivity is reported in the temperature range of 298–500 K and at degrees of cure 11.5, 51.2 and 100%. These data are found to be independent of degree of cure within experimental error over this range. The data are represented by K e = (0.202 + 6:122 × 10−3 T− 4:8107 × 10−5 T 2 + 1.248 × 10−7 T 3− 1.043 × 10−10 T 4)(W/mK) The fractional uncertainty (based on two standard deviations) of the measured enthalpy of reaction, specific heat and thermal conductivity is estimated to be less than ±3.7, ±5 and ±11.8%, respectively.
A prospective study to assess in vivo optical coherence tomography imaging for early detection of chemotherapy‐induced oral mucositis

Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and severe complication of many cancer therapies. Currently, prediction and early detection are not possible and objective monitoring remains problematic. Goal of this prospective study is to assess non‐invasive imaging using optical coherence tomography (OCT) for early detection and evaluation of chemotherapy‐induced OM in 48 patients, 12 of whom developed clinical mucositis.
Relativistic Monte Carlo

Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) is a popular Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm that generates proposals for a Metropolis-Hastings algorithm by simulating the dynamics of a Hamiltonian system. However, HMC is sensitive to large time discretizations and performs poorly if there is a mismatch between the spatial geometry of the target distribution and the scales of the momentum distribution. In particular the mass matrix of HMC is hard to tune well. In order to alleviate these problems we propose relativistic Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, a version of HMC based on relativistic dynamics that introduce a maximum velocity on particles. We also derive stochastic gradient versions of the algorithm and show that the resulting algorithms bear interesting relationships to gradient clipping, RMSprop, Adagrad and Adam, popular optimisation methods in deep learning. Based on this, we develop relativistic stochastic gradient descent by taking the zero-temperature limit of relativistic stochastic gradient Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. In experiments we show that the relativistic algorithms perform better than classical Newtonian variants and Adam.
Microstructural Alterations in Bearing Steels under Rolling Contact Fatigue: Part 2—Diffusion-Based Modeling Approach

The microstructure of rolling element bearings can experience significant transformation when subjected to repetitive contact cycling. In Part 1 of this article, a detailed overview of the known microstructure alteration phenomena was presented and the different mechanisms for describing them proposed by various investigators were critically reviewed. It is agreed generally that the primary path of these structural changes is the decay of martensite due to carbon diffusion, leading to the formation of ferrite and lenticular carbides. Furthermore, these altered regions in the material microstructure can be stress concentration regions leading to crack initiation and propagation. In this article, a J2-based elastic–plastic Voronoi finite element model (previously developed by the authors) is coupled with a carbon diffusion–based model. Using Fick's law for stress-assisted diffusion, the dispersion of carbon in the bearing microstructure is evaluated. A backward Euler finite difference scheme is employed to solve the partial differential equations. The model can accurately predict the onset of martensitic decay and formation of the white etching bands along with their distinctive orientation. A comparison of the numerical results shows good corroboration with experimental observations.
Mining related queries from Web search engine query logs using an improved association rule mining model

finding relevant information on a given topic on the Web is becoming increasingly difficult. Web search engines hence become one of the most popular solutions available on the Web. However, it has never been easy for novice users to organize and represent their information needs using simple queries. Users have to keep modifying their input queries until they get expected results. Therefore, it is often desirable for search engines to give suggestions on related queries to users. Besides, by identifying those related queries, search engines can potentially perform optimizations on their systems, such as query expansion and file indexing. In this work we propose a method that suggests a list of related queries given an initial input query. The related queries are based in the query log of previously submitted queries by human users, which can be identified using an enhanced model of association rules. Users can utilize the suggested related queries to tune or redirect the search process. Our method not only discovers the related queries, but also ranks them according to the degree of their relatedness. Unlike many other rival techniques, it also performs reasonably well on less frequent input queries.
Endplate denervation correlates with Nogo-A muscle expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients

Data from mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) suggest early morphological changes in neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), with loss of nerve–muscle contact. Overexpression of the neurite outgrowth inhibitor Nogo‐A in muscle may play a role in this loss of endplate innervation.
Fabrication, characterization, properties and theoretical analysis of ceramic/PVDF composite flexible films with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss

Calcium barium zirconate titanate (Ba0.95Ca0.05Zr0.15Ti0.85O3, BCZT) ceramic particles were prepared by a conventional solid-state method. BCZT powders were modified by dopamine through a chemical coating method. The composite flexible films based on dopamine@BCZT and polyvinylidene fluoride were fabricated via a solution casting method. The microstructure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. A precision impedance analyzer and a dielectric withstand voltage test were used to test the dielectric constant, loss tangent, and breakdown strength. TEM results showed that dopamine was uniformly coated on the surface of BCZT particles with an average thickness of 20 nm. SEM results showed that the ceramic particles were dispersed homogeneously in the matrix. The dielectric constant increased with the increase of BCZT contents, while the loss tangent remained constant in the frequency range of 103 to 105 Hz. Different theoretical models were employed to predict the effective dielectric constants of the composite films, and the estimated results were compared with the experimental data. Weibull distribution was used to analyze the dielectric breakdown strength, and the results showed that the breakdown strength decreased then stayed over 60 kV mm−1.
Effects of Light Ethanol Consumption During Pregnancy: Increased Frequency of Minor Anomalies in the Newborn and Altered Contractility of Umbilical Cord Artery

This study explores the effects of light maternal ethanol consumption during pregnancy on the appearance of minor malformations in neonates as well as on the contractile properties of their umbilical cord arteries (UCAs). Clinical external findings of newborns of women declaring light ethanol consumption during any period of their pregnancies [ethanol-exposed group (E group), n = 79] were compared with those of nonexposed mothers [nonexposed to ethanol group (NE group), n = 100]. Women who smoked or had any associated pathology were excluded. E group mothers consumed, on average, 200–250 mL ethanol/trimester (upper limit 700 mL/trimester). Sixty-six percent of the neonates in the E group presented at least one minor malformation (retromicrognathia and minor anomalies of the auricular/preauricular area were the more common), whereas only 16% of the NE group did (p = 0.0000). The percentage of children exhibiting Apgar scores <7 was significantly greater in the E group (11% versus 2%, p = 0.0119). UCAs from the E group developed significantly less contractile force (p < 0.05) than those of the NE group when exposed to 1 μM serotonin (5-HT) or to a high K+ depolarizing solution. This difference persisted after inhibition of endothelial release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin. In conclusion, even light drinking should be considered a risk during pregnancy.
Recoding Color Transfer as A Color Homography

Color transfer is an image editing process that adjusts the colors of a picture to match a target picture's color theme. A natural color transfer not only matches the color styles but also prevents after-transfer artifacts due to image compression, noise, and gradient smoothness change. The recently discovered color homography theorem proves that colors across a change in photometric viewing condition are related by a homography. In this paper, we propose a color-homography-based color transfer decomposition which encodes color transfer as a combination of chromaticity shift and shading adjustment. A powerful form of shading adjustment is shown to be a global shading curve by which the same shading homography can be applied elsewhere. Our experiments show that the proposed color transfer decomposition provides a very close approximation to many popular color transfer methods. The advantage of our approach is that the learned color transfer can be applied to many other images (e.g. other frames in a video), instead of a frame-to-frame basis. We demonstrate two applications for color transfer enhancement and video color grading re-application. This simple model of color transfer is also important for future color transfer algorithm design.
T-S Model-based Relaxed Reliable Stabilization of Networked Control Systems with Time-varying Delays under Variable Sampling

This paper investigates the reliable stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear networked control systems (NCSs) under variable sampling with variant state and network delays. An equivalent continuous-time uncertain fuzzy system with both state and input time varying delays, subject to possible actuator faults, is derived based on the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) model and the input delay method. In order to obtain much less conservative results for the delay system transformed, a more relaxed stabilizability condition of a delay-free T-S system and a tighter bounding lemma for some derivative terms of the constructed functional are utilized for closed-loop stability determination of the NCS under variable sampling. Delay-dependent fault-tolerant stabilization conditions formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities for the possibly faulty network-based system are derived by employing a novel Lyapunov- Krasovskii (L-K) functional, which makes good use of the information of both the lower and upper bounds on the two interval delays. An example is provided to show the validity of the obtained results.