Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetics of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Approche de la dystrophie musculaire progressive de Duchenne en genetique moleculaire: localisation du gene sur la bande chromosomique Xp21, clonage de segment de DNA du locus DMD, carte genetique, analyse des mutations, depistage des porteurs et diagnostic prenatal
Comment on "Wandering Minds: The Default Network and Stimulus-Independent Thought"

Mason et al. (Reports, 19 January 2007, p. 393) attributed activity in certain regions of the “resting” brain to the occurrence of mind-wandering. However, previous research has demonstrated the difficulty of distinguishing this type of stimulus-independent thought from stimulus-oriented thought (e.g., watchfulness). Consideration of both possibilities is required to resolve this ambiguity.
The relationship between levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and physical self-perception in adolescent girls

There is a universal concern about the rapid decline in the physical activity levels of children, particularly adolescent girls. There is evidence of an increase in juvenile obesity that is associated with numerous health risks. During adolescence the majority of psychological problems associated with obesity stem from a disturbance in the self-concept. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between fitness, body composition and physical selfperception of a sample of 167 adolescent girls (14-17 years), and to compare these results with the results of similar studies from around the world. The results show a significant positive relationship (r = 0.47; P < 0.01) between levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical self-perception and significant negative relationships between percentage body fat and physical self-perception (r = -0.35; p < 0.01), as well as body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (r = -0.47; P < 0.01). The results clearly illustrate the current prevalence of obesity associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness (due to inactivity) and low selfperception. The importance of being physically active for the physical and psychological well-being of adolescents is a valuably preventive and treatment measure.
New generalizations and explanations in language and gender research

Gendered linguistic practices emerge as people engage in social practices that construct them not only as girls or boys, women or men – but also as, e.g., Asian American or heterosexually active. Adequate generalizations about gendered language use and explanations of such generalizations require understanding the place of particular linguistic practices in the life of what Lave & Wenger 1991 and Wenger 1998 call a Community of Practice: a group whose joint engagement in some activity or enterprise is sufficiently intensive to give rise over time to a repertoire of shared practices. Eckert's ethnographic/sociolinguistic workin pre-adolescent and adolescent communities of practice illustrates ways in which gender and other aspects of identity are co-constructed. We use these and other sociolinguistic data to suggest some of the many different kinds of generalizations, emerging from studies of language and gender, that look to communities of practice.
Video Preference Assessment of Students with Autism for Watching Self, Adults, or Peers

The preferences of students with autism for watching themselves, a familiar adult, or a familiar peer in video recordings were examined. A multi-stimulus video preference assessment was used to evaluate the preferences of five students with autism. Three video options of a preferred activity (e.g., vacuuming) or daily/routine activity (e.g., snack time) were available to students via a computer-based program. Results showed that collectively there was minimal difference between the three video choices across the five students. However, in their individual scores, preferences varied among the students and activities, providing a framework for discussion of individual preference assessments when using video for instructional programs and reinforcement of task performance and behavior.
The Feature of Distribution and Clonality of TCR γ/δ Subfamilies T Cells in Patients with B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Restricted T-cell receptor (TCR) Vα/Vβ repertoire expression and clonal expansion of αβ T cells especially for putative tumor-associated antigens were observed in patients with hematological malignancies. To further characterize the γδ T-cell immune status in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), we investigated the distribution and clonality of TCR Vγ/Vδ repertoire in peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM), and lymph node (LN) from patients with B-NHL. Four newly diagnosed B-NHL cases, including three with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and one with small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), were enrolled. The restrictive expression of TCR Vγ/Vδ subfamilies with different distribution patterns could be detected in PB, BM, or LN from all of four patients, and partial subfamily T cells showed clonal proliferation. At least one clonally expanded Vδ subfamily member was found in PB from each patient. However, the expression pattern and clonality of TCR Vγ/Vδ changed in different immune organs and showed individual feature in different patients. The clonally expanded Vδ5, Vδ6, and Vδ8 were detected only in PB but neither in BM nor LN while clonally expanded Vδ2 and Vδ3 could be detected in both PB and BM/LN. In conclusion, the results provide a preliminary profile of distribution and clonality of TCR γ/δ subfamilies T cells in PB, BM, and LN from B-NHL; similar clonally expanded Vδ subfamily T cells in PB and BM may be related to the same B-cell lymphoma-associated antigens, while the different reactive clonally expanded Vγ/Vδ T cells may be due to local immune response.
ACT: a graphical dialogue annotation comparison tool

Although there are a number of tools for annotating dialogue, little work has been done in visualizing differences among annotations. Visualization of differences in annotation should help in doing consensus annotation, refining an annotation scheme and training novice annotators. In this paper, we present a graphical Annotation Comparison Tool (ACT), which displays multiple annotations side by side and highlights the differences. The differences our tool currently captures are utterance segmentation, utterance order, speech repairs and utterance categories.
Leaf day respiration: low CO2 flux but high significance for metabolism and carbon balance.

Contents 986 I. 987 II. 987 III. 988 IV. 991 V. 992 VI. 995 VII. 997 VIII. 998 References 998 SUMMARY: It has been 75 yr since leaf respiratory metabolism in the light (day respiration) was identified as a low-flux metabolic pathway that accompanies photosynthesis. In principle, it provides carbon backbones for nitrogen assimilation and evolves CO2 and thus impacts on plant carbon and nitrogen balances. However, for a long time, uncertainties have remained as to whether techniques used to measure day respiratory efflux were valid and whether day respiration responded to environmental gaseous conditions. In the past few years, significant advances have been made using carbon isotopes, 'omics' analyses and surveys of respiration rates in mesocosms or ecosystems. There is substantial evidence that day respiration should be viewed as a highly dynamic metabolic pathway that interacts with photosynthesis and photorespiration and responds to atmospheric CO2 mole fraction. The view of leaf day respiration as a constant and/or negligible parameter of net carbon exchange is now outdated and it should now be regarded as a central actor of plant carbon-use efficiency.
Relative contributions of noise burst and vocalic transitions to the perceptual identification of stop consonants

A set of three perceptual experiments is described. These experiments were designed to provide identification scores on CV sequences for French. Original stimuli were augmented with acoustic “monsters” where burst were excised or replaced. The first identification task shows that information carried by vocalic transitions can be overwritten by burst information. The importance of this phenomenon is inversely proportional to vowel aperture. The second experiment shows that these results are almost insensitive to relative amplitudes between the burst and the vowel. In the third experiment we manipulated the voice onset time (VOT) of the monsters using high quality analysis-resynthesis. Stimuli with a very short VOT were perceived as bilabials but VOT manipulation did not affect the /t/-/k/ confusions. These experiments claim for a dynamic model of stop identification where burst and vocalic transitions both contribute and compete to the phonetic decision.
The Novel Oral Drug Subetta Exerts an Antidiabetic Effect in the Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rat: Comparison with Rosiglitazone

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential antidiabetic effects of two-component drug Subetta and its components (release-active dilutions of antibodies to β-subunit insulin receptor (RAD of Abs to β-InsR) and to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (RAD of Abs to eNOS)) in Goto-Kakizaki (Paris colony) (GK/Par) diabetic rats. Subetta was administered orally for 28 days once daily (5 mL/kg) and compared to its two components (2.5 mL/kg), Rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg), and vehicle (5 mL water/kg). At day 28, fasting plasma glucose levels were significantly decreased only in Subetta and Rosiglitazone groups as compared to vehicle (P < 0.01): 147 ± 4 mg/dL and 145 ± 4 mg/dL and 165 ± 4 mg/dL, respectively. The data of glucose tolerance test showed that Subetta and RAD of Abs to β-InsR (similar to Rosiglitazone) prevented significantly (P < 0.01) the age-related spontaneous deterioration of glucose tolerance as seen in the control group. Subetta and RAD of Abs to β-InsR did not significantly modify the glucose-induced insulin secretion. Chronic administration of Subetta and RAD of Abs to β-InsR improves glucose control, to an extent similar to that of Rosiglitazone. We hypothesize that Subetta and RAD of Abs to β-InsR mostly act via an insulin-sensitizing effect upon target tissues.
The Development of Children’s Ethnic Identity in Immigrant Chinese Families in Canada

Parents’ role in children’s ethnic identity development was examined among 95 immigrant Chinese families with young adolescents living in Canada. Children reported their feelings of ethnic identity and perceptions of parental family obligation expectations. Parents reported their family obligation expectations; parents and children reported on parenting practices. Mothers’ expectations, but not fathers’, were positively associated with children’s feelings of ethnic identity. This relation was mediated by children’s perceptions of parental expectations, suggesting that children must first perceive their parents’ expectations for these expectations to influence their ethnic identity. More positive parenting practices were related to stronger feelings of ethnic identity. Mothers’ parenting practices moderated the relations between mothers’ expectations and children’s ethnic affirmation and belonging. The results suggest immigrant mothers’ family obligation expectations provide an avenue for positive family identification and ethnic culture learning opportunities that may encourage children’s ethnic identity development.
Factors associated with posttraumatic stress among peacekeeping soldiers

This study aimed to investigate positive and negative consequences of peacekeeping operations, help-seeking behaviour among peacekeepers, PTSD prevalence rates and factors associated with PTSD symptoms. A sample of 3,481 peacekeeping soldiers who participated in various peacekeeping operations was investigated on average 6 years following their deployment. The prevalence of PTSD was 5.6% overall, with 8.0% among peacekeepers of the former Yugoslavia and 3.7% among peacekeepers who went to Cambodia. Twelve percent received professional help during deployment. The majority reported positive consequences of the deployment as well (e.g., a broadening of their horizon [82%], increased self-confidence [52%]). The following variables were significantly associated with current PTSD symptoms: lower level of education, being single, more traumatic situations during deployment, feeling more powerless and threatened, the idea that the mission had become meaningless, having had no control over the situation, and the use of professional help during deployment.
Outcomes of cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder in a clinical setting: A 10-year experience from a specialist OCD service for children and adolescents

Controlled studies show that cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an efficacious treatment for young people with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). More evidence is needed for effectiveness in clinical settings. We conducted a case note review of 318 patients attending an OCD clinic. Outcomes for 75 patients who received treatment in the clinic were analysed. Following acute treatment, total CYBOCS (Children Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale) score was significantly reduced (22.6 to 10.9, p = .0001). Gains were maintained at long-term follow-up. Our results suggest that CBT is an effective treatment for child and adolescent OCD delivered in a clinical setting.Key Practitioner Message:Cognitive behaviour therapy delivered in a clinical setting appears to be an effective treatment for child and adolescent obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)This study only reports on a subset of patients seen for assessment, and complete samples are needed for a fuller understanding of effectivenessIn this sample, concurrent or previously prescribed medication does not influence the good response to cognitive behaviour therapyFurther studies are needed of treatment outcomes of paediatric OCD in clinical settingsTreatment refractory/resistant patients need further research and possibly additional or individually tailored interventions
Genetic and educational assortative mating among US adults

Significance It is well established that individuals are more similar to their spouses than other individuals on important traits, such as education level. The genetic similarity, or lack thereof, between spouses is less well understood. We estimate the genome-wide genetic similarity of spouses and compare the magnitude of this value to a comparable measure of educational similarity. We find that spouses are more genetically similar than two individuals chosen at random but this similarity is at most one-third the magnitude of educational similarity. Furthermore, social sorting processes in the marriage market are largely independent of genetic dynamics of sexual selection. Understanding the social and biological mechanisms that lead to homogamy (similar individuals marrying one another) has been a long-standing issue across many fields of scientific inquiry. Using a nationally representative sample of non-Hispanic white US adults from the Health and Retirement Study and information from 1.7 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms, we compare genetic similarity among married couples to noncoupled pairs in the population. We provide evidence for genetic assortative mating in this population but the strength of this association is substantially smaller than the strength of educational assortative mating in the same sample. Furthermore, genetic similarity explains at most 10% of the assortative mating by education levels. Results are replicated using comparable data from the Framingham Heart Study.
Adenoviral Augmentation of Elafin Protects the Lung Against Acute Injury Mediated by Activated Neutrophils and Bacterial Infection1

During acute pulmonary infection, tissue injury may be secondary to the effects of bacterial products or to the effects of the host inflammatory response. An attractive strategy for tissue protection in this setting would combine antimicrobial activity with inhibition of human neutrophil elastase (HNE), a key effector of neutrophil-mediated tissue injury. We postulated that genetic augmentation of elafin (an endogenous inhibitor of HNE with intrinsic antimicrobial activity) could protect the lung against acute inflammatory injury without detriment to host defense. A replication-deficient adenovirus encoding elafin cDNA significantly protected A549 cells against the injurious effects of both HNE and whole activated human neutrophils in vitro. Intratracheal replication-deficient adenovirus encoding elafin cDNA significantly protected murine lungs against injury mediated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vivo. Genetic augmentation of elafin therefore has the capacity to protect the lung against the injurious effects of both bacterial pathogens resistant to conventional antibiotics and activated neutrophils.
Work-Related Smartphone Use and Well-Being in the Evening

Recent research has revealed that use of smartphones for work in the evening is associated with lower well-being. In this study, based on self-determination theory, we examined the role of autonomous and controlled motivation for well-being in the evening. Hierarchical regression analyses using data from 1,714 working individuals revealed that work-related smartphone usage in the evening was positively related to psychological detachment, but unrelated to recovery and negative affect, and negatively related to positive affect. Autonomous motivation for smartphone usage in the evening was positively related to recovery, psychological detachment, and positive affect. Controlled motivation was significantly related to positive and negative affect in the expected direction. These results indicate that the motivation behind individuals’ smartphone use in the evening matters for their well-being.
Training Non-native Second Language Teachers: The Case of Anglophone FSL Teacher Candidates

This study documents the experiences of anglophone French as a second language (FSL) teacher candidates during their pre-service program. The authors describe how this group of non-native FSL teacher candidates felt about the adequacy of their FSL skills, their need for some level of second language (L2) support, and the maintenance of their L2 skills during their teaching careers. Participants represented three teaching divisions (elementary through secondary school), interviewed separately in focus groups. Most students felt that their L2 skills were adequate. In all cases, students expressed a need for some form of FSL support; although they felt responsible for maintaining their L2 themselves, they recognized the need for some level of organizational support. Results are similar to those of studies of non-native ESL teachers and raise many issues that should be addressed in a wider forum to ensure the continuation and improvement of quality FSL education. Cet article présente les résultats d'une recherche portant sur l'expérience vécue par des étudiants anglophones inscrits à un programme universitaire de formation initiale visant à la certification pour l'enseignement du français langue seconde (FLS). Les auteures décrivent le niveau de satisfaction des étudiants quant à leur compétence en FLS, leurs besoins en matière de soutien dans la langue seconde (L2) ainsi que leurs attentes en ce qui concerne le maintien de leur compétence en FLS pendant leur carrière d'enseignants. Les participants, qui représentaient trois paliers d'enseignement (de l'élémentaire au secondaire), ont été interviewés dans des groupes de discussion correspondant au palier d'enseignement auquel ils étaient inscrits. La plupart d'entre eux ont trouvé leur compétence en FLS adéquate. Tous ont exprimé le besoin d'avoir du soutien dans leur L2. Bien qu'ils se soient considérés comme responsables du maintien de leur L2, ils ont reconnu la nécessité d'un certain soutien organisationnel. Des résultats semblables ont été obtenus dans des études portant sur les enseignants d'anglais langue seconde qui ne sont pas des locuteurs natifs de l'anglais et soulèvent des questions servant d'amorce à une discussion plus large dans le but d'assurer le maintien et l'amélioration d'une formation des enseignants de FLS de qualité.
The Dynamic of Songs in Intergroup Conflict and Proximity: The Case of the Israeli Disengagement from the Gaza Strip

This study explores intergroup dynamics through group singing during the Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip. Interviews with 14 protesters and 14 security force members showed how different genres of songs affected intergroup conflict or proximity. When protesters sang Israeli folk songs, rhythmic Jewish religious songs and protest songs, these songs evoked negative feelings among security force members, thus increasing intergroup conflict. When protesters expressed pain and sadness through singing slow, quiet, spiritual songs, these songs evoked empathy on the part of security force members, thus increasing intergroup proximity. This dynamic is discussed in the light of socio-psychological studies and the emotional influences of music.
Association Between Resistance to Bt Cotton and Cadherin Genotype in Pink Bollworm

Abstract Two strains of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), each derived in 1997 from a different field population, were selected for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin Cry1Ac in the laboratory. One strain (MOV97-R) originated from Mohave Valley in western Arizona; the other strain (SAF97-R) was from Safford in eastern Arizona. Relative to a susceptible laboratory strain, Cry1Ac resistance ratios were 1700 for MOV97-R and 520 for SAF97-R. For the two resistant strains, larval survival did not differ between non-Bt cotton and transgenic cotton producing Cry1Ac. In contrast, larval survival on Bt cotton was 0% for the two unselected parent strains from which the resistant strains were derived. Previously identified resistance (r) alleles of a cadherin gene (BtR) occurred in both resistant strains: r1 and r3 in MOV97-R, and r1 and r2 in SAF97-R. The frequency of individuals carrying two r alleles (rr) was 1.0 in the two resistant strains and 0.02 in each of the two unselected parent strains. Furthermore, in two hybrid strains with a mixture of susceptible (s) and r alleles at the BtR locus, all survivors on Bt cotton had two r alleles. The results show that resistance to Cry1Ac-producing Bt cotton is associated with recessive r alleles at the BtR locus in the strains of pink bollworm tested here. In conjunction with previous results from two other Bt-resistant strains of pink bollworm (APHIS-98R and AZP-R), results reported here identify the cadherin locus as the leading candidate for molecular monitoring of pink bollworm resistance to Bt cotton.
The Wisdom of Consumer Crowds

Past theories of consumer innovation and creativity were devised before the emergence of the profound collaborative possibilities of technology. With the diffusion of networking technologies, collective consumer innovation is taking on new forms that are transforming the nature of consumption and work and, with it, society and marketing. We theorize, examine, dimensionalize, and organize these forms and processes of online collective consumer innovation. Extending past theories of informationalism, we follow this macro-social paradigm shift into grassroots regions that have irrevocable impacts on business and society. Business and society need categories and procedures to guide their interactions with this powerful and growing phenomenon. We classify and describe four types of online creative consumer communities—Crowds, Hives, Mobs, and Swarms. Collective innovation is produced both as an aggregated byproduct of everyday information consumption and as a result of the efforts of talented and motivated groups of innovative e-tribes.