Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Male infertility: a critical review of pharmacologic management

Introduction: Male factor infertility contributes partially and solely to the problem of childlessness in around 50% of the cases. Unfortunately, 30 – 50% of the etiologies of male infertility are unknown and therefore, no specific therapy can be instituted. Evidence-based medical therapy for male infertility is an attractive research area where a large number of clinical trials, controlled and uncontrolled, using different types of medications have been conducted yielding variable results and outcomes. Areas covered: In this review, we summarize and evaluate the most important and most recent information pertaining to the use of different medications in male infertility and assign level of evidence to these medications. An extensive literature search was performed using the search engines: Pubmed, Science-direct, Ovid and Scopus. Expert opinion: Male infertility represents a very challenging area of clinical medicine. Many different types of medications have been tried and very few have had satisfactory results. There is a huge need to advance and develop andrologic diagnostic techniques, focusing on the metabolomics and proteomics of the sperm, seminal plasma, and testicular tissue. Clarification of the causes of idiopathic male infertility and the discovery of novel molecular targets will help guide future innovative development of new pharmacologic agents.
Single-shot intraoperative local anaesthetic infiltration does not reduce morphine consumption after total hip arthroplasty: a double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized study.

BACKGROUND The infiltration of local anaesthetic (LA), ketorolac, and epinephrine has been suggested to be effective for analgesia after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The part of action of each component of the mixture remains unclear. We investigated the contribution of infiltration of ropivacaine alone on the morphine consumption during the first 24 h after surgery. METHODS Sixty patients undergoing primary THA were included in this prospective randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial, after IRB approval and informed consent. Surgical and general anaesthetic management were standardized. At the end of surgery, 80 ml of ropivacaine 0.2% (160 mg) or saline was infiltrated. The primary endpoint was morphine consumption 24 h after surgery. The secondary endpoints were: visual analogue scale scores and opioid side-effects at H2, H4, H8, H12, H24, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, rehabilitation programme progress, chronic pain level, analgesic consumption, and surgical result at 3 months and 1 yr after surgery. The observation period was 1 yr. RESULTS Groups were similar for patient characteristic and perioperative characteristics. The ropivacaine wound infiltration did not reduce morphine consumption at 24 h [median (25th and 75th inter-quartile) 27 (17-37) mg in the ropivacaine group vs 24 (18-34) mg in the placebo group, P=0.51] or its side-effects. No effect was found on rehabilitation progress or chronic pain after 3 months or 1 yr, but these were not the main endpoints of the study. CONCLUSIONS Ropivacaine infiltration alone did not reduce morphine consumption at 24 h after operation nor did it improve postoperative rehabilitation.
Toward a Conceptual Framework of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy: An Overview of the Conceptual and Theoretical Literature

The United States is a diverse country with constantly changing demographics. The noticeable shift in demographics is even more phenomenal among the school-aged population. The increase of ethnic-minority student presence is largely credited to the national growth of the Hispanic population, which exceeded the growth of all other ethnic minority group students in public schools. Scholars have pondered over strategies to assist teachers in teaching about diversity (multiculturalism, racism, etc.) as well as interacting with the diversity found within their classrooms in order to ameliorate the effects of cultural discontinuity. One area that has developed in multicultural education literature is culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP). CRP maintains that teachers need to be non-judgmental and inclusive of the cultural backgrounds of their students in order to be effective facilitators of learning in the classroom. The plethora of literature on CRP, however, has not been presented as a testable theoretical model nor has it been systematically viewed through the lens of critical race theory (CRT). By examining the evolution of CRP among some of the leading scholars, the authors broaden this work through a CRT infusion which includes race and indeed racism as normal parts of American society that have been integrated into the educational system and the systematic aspects of school relationships. Their purpose is to infuse the tenets of CRT into an overview of the literature that supports a conceptual framework for understanding and studying culturally relevant pedagogy. They present a conceptual framework of culturally relevant pedagogy that is grounded in over a quarter of a century of research scholarship. By synthesizing the literature into the five areas and infusing it with the tenets of CRT, the authors have developed a collection of principles that represents culturally relevant pedagogy.
Security of the energy supply of the EU: a breaking point in integration?

Increasing dependency of the EU on imported energy resources has been a major challenge for the EU energy security. The crisis between Russia and Ukraine in 2006 has brought the issue of security of energy supply to the agenda of the EU, which also raised questions over the reliability of Russia as the major energy supplier of the EU. Upon this background, the EU has developed various mechanisms in line with the diversification strategy of the EU energy policy. However, threats to the energy security of the Member States have led them to pursue national energy policies undermining the efforts for relieving the heavy dependency on the Russian energy resources at the EU level. Thus, in line with the theoretical framework of liberal intergovernmentalism, national preferences of the Member States rather than the supranational entrepreneurship have prevailed in the EU energy security policy. Divergence of the key interests of the leading Member States of the EU in the energy security has constituted the breaking point in further integration in the energy policy. The Caspian region energy resources are considered to be significant in the context of the diversification strategy of the EU. Energy strategies that would entail Turkey as an energy corridor between the Caspian region and the EU have significant potential to contribute to the security of energy supply of the EU.
The Perugia Tunes

We present 7 new tunes of the pT-ordered shower and underlying-event model in Pythia 6.4. These "Perugia" tunes update and supersede the older "S0" family. The new tunes include the updated LEP fragmentation and flavour parameters reported on by H. Hoeth at this workshop. The hadron-collider specific parameters were then retuned (manually) using Tevatron min-bias data from 630, 1800, and 1960 GeV, Tevatron Drell-Yan data at 1800 and 1960 GeV, as well as SPS min-bias data at 200, 540, and 900 GeV. In addition to the central parameter set, related tunes exploring systematically soft, hard, parton density, and color structure variations are included. Based on these variations, a best-guess prediction of the charged track multiplicity in inelastic, nondiffractive minimum-bias events at the LHC is made.
Gastric cáncer: Overview

Gastric cancer ranks fourth in incidence and second in mortality among all cancers worldwide. Despite the decrease in incidence in some regions of the world, gastric cancer continues to present a major clinical challenge due to most cases being diagnosed in advanced stages with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The development of gastric cancer is a complex and multifactorial process involving a number of etiological factors and multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. Among the predisposing factors are: Helicobacter pylori infection, high salt intake, smoking, and in a small percentage of patients, a familial genetic component. More than 95% of stomach cancer cases are adenocarcinomas, which are classified into two major histologic types: intestinal and diffuse. Intestinal type adenocarcinoma is preceded by a sequence of gastric lesions known as Correa´s cascade and is the histologic type associated with the global decrease in gastric cancer rates. Diffuse type adenocarcinomas have a more aggressive behavior and worse prognosis than those of the intestinal type. According to the anatomical location, adenocarcinomas are classified as proximal (originating in the cardia) and distal (originating in the body and antrum). This classification seems to recognize two different clinical entities. Surgical resection of the tumor at an early stage is the only effective treatment method. Therefore, the identification and surveillance of patients at risk may play a significant role in survival rates. Anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy has been shown to be an effective measure in the prevention of gastric cancer.
Spatial Understanding in Immersive Virtual Environments

In this study, we examined the perception and understanding of spatial volumes within immersive and non-immersive virtual environments by comparison with representation using conventional media. We examined the relative effectiveness of these conditions in enabling the translation to a tangible representation, through a series of design experiments. Students experienced, assessed, and analysed spatial relationships of volumes and spaces and subsequently constructed real models of these spaces. The goal of our study is to identify how designers perceive space in Virtual Environments (VEs). We explore issues of quality, accuracy and understanding of reconstructing architectural space and forms. By comparison of the same spatial performance task undertaken within a Head Mounted Display, screen-based and real 2D environment, we are able to draw some conclusions about spatial understanding in immersive VE activity.
Altered Structural-functional Maturation of the Right Amygdala in HealthyAdolescents Exposed to Traumatic Events

Trauma is defined as a physical or psychological threat or assault to an individual’s physical integrity, sense of self, safety or survival or to the physical safety of a significant other. The most common long-term mental health conditions resulting from trauma are post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. A number of studies using neuroimaging methodologies have implicated the amygdala and hippocampus in emotion processing in mood disorders, and adult depression studies suggest amygdala-hippocampal functional connectivity deficits. However, while trauma contributes to depression in a variety of ways, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying exposure to traumatic experiences have been poorly studied. In order to address this question, we used voxel based morphometry (VBM) and spectral dynamic causal modelling (spectral DCM; spDCM) approaches to analyse structural and restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging and examine grey matter volume, white matter volume, and effective connectivity within the amygdala-hippocampal network in adolescents without psychiatric diagnoses, who had or had not been previously exposed to traumatic life events. Our results indicated greater intrinsic connectivity within the right amygdala in individuals with traumatic experiences compared to controls. Likewise we observed reduced white matter volume within the same region in those individuals, compared with controls. Together, these findings are suggestive of altered maturation of the right amygdala in healthy adolescents following trauma exposure. We interpret such brain changes as a plausible mechanism that may make individuals more vulnerable to developing psychopathology later in life.
Psychological health, stressors and coping mechanism of engineering students

ABSTRACT Psychological distress is frequent among young college students which affects their cognitive, physical and emotional well-being. Data was collected from 76 (38 male and 38 female) M.tech and Ph.D. students of Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India. The purpose of thisresearch paper is to examine the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in male and female engineering students. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and informal interview method were explored to determine the factors responsible for stress among students and also to determine the coping mechanism of the students of a technical institution of India. t-Test is used to examine the significant difference in the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in male and female students. The finding suggests that female students are more stressed and depressed and anxious than male students.
Virtues that work : ethical organisational culture as a context for occupational well-being and personal work goals

Huhtala, Mari Virtues that work: Ethical organisational culture as a context for occupational well-being and personal work goals Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2013, 103 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Education, Psychology and Social Research ISSN 0075-4625; 479) ISBN 978-951-39-5359-1 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-5360-7 (PDF) Yhteenveto: Toimivat hyveet: Eettinen organisaatiokulttuuri työhyvinvoinnin ja henkilökohtaisten työtavoitteiden kontekstina Ethical virtues representing the quality of ethical organisational culture were investigated as a context for psychological outcomes. The primary aims of this research were to examine the validity of the Corporate Ethical Virtues (CEV) scale in a Finnish context, to study how ethical organisational culture is associated with occupational well-being (experiences of ethical strain, burnout, and work engagement) and personal work goals, and to investigate ethical organisational culture as a shared phenomenon in different work units within one organisation. The research utilised two different data sets: 902 Finnish managers from different organisations, and employees from one public sector organisation, comprising altogether 2146 respondents from 245 different work units. The CEV scale was found to be a valid instrument for assessing ethical organisational culture in Finnish organisations. Further, the results showed that ethical culture was connected in several ways with psychological outcomes. First, stronger ethical culture associated with lower ethical strain (the prevalence of ethical dilemmas and stress caused by these dilemmas) which, in turn, was related to lower job exhaustion (the core dimension of burnout). Second, stronger ethical culture had a direct association with higher work engagement. Third, stronger ethical culture was related to employees’ having organisational goals (personal aspirations related to the success of their organisation) and goals related to gaining influence on a societal level. Fourth, an organisational culture that was perceived as less ethical associated with an increased probability of employees’ having goals unrelated to the organisation, namely career-ending, job change and progression. Finally, ethical organisational culture emerged as a shared phenomenon in different work units. The level of agreement among employees belonging to the same work unit ranged from 12% (capability to behave ethically) to 27% (commitment to behaving ethically). To summarise, ethical culture was found to have significant associations with different psychological outcomes at both the individual and work unit levels. Thus it has a significant role in promoting and maintaining occupational well-being.
Quantitative Analysis of Business Success Indicators in the Banking Sector of the Republic of Serbia

Identification of an appropriate set of indicators of the banking sector to be analyzed has to be observed in terms of the needs of different users. For the purpose of managing financial systems, methods for early detection of problems in banks are essential in order to protect the interests of citizens and the entire system. From the standpoint of the interests of shareholders, it is necessary to apply the method of performance comparison with competing banks in order to identify the causes of inefficiency in operations and causes of action to improve efficiency. Finally, in terms of individual users of banking services, quality of a bank shall assess the level of risk in the business, as well as the assessment of a specific risk. Some aspects of bank performance, such as liquidity and capital adequacy, are of great importance for the stability of the entire sector and their minimum values are prescribed by the National Bank of Serbia. On the other hand, financial performance and profitability indicators are essential for long-term and successful pursuit of banking business. In this paper, we use regression analysis to evaluate the influence of some of these indicators on the financial result of the banking sector in Serbia. The period that is analyzed is post 2000, immediately after the reform of the banking sector. For the purpose of analysis, the entire period is divided in two sub-periods: (1) the period from 2000 to 2008, and (2) the period after 2008, which was characterized by a negative impact of the global economic crisis.
ON THE NEW THEORY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR

This essay advocates a reformulation of the theory of consumer behavior, based on the household production function approach suggested in Becker's "A Theory of the Allocation of Time" [1]. The case for the reformulation rests, in part, on inadequacies of the traditional theory of choice, and more importantly, on the new approach's capacity to generate a wide range of cogent testable hypotheses and to provide the social scientist with tools relevant for understanding a broad spectrum of observed human behavior.
Analysis of M-ary phase-shift keying with diversity reception for land-mobile satellite channels

An analytical technique well suited to numerical analysis is presented for computing the average bit-error rate (BER) and outage probability of M-ary phase-shift keying (PSK) in the land-mobile satellite channel (LMSC) with microdiversity reception. Closed-form expressions are found for L-branch microdiversity using both selection diversity combining (SDC) and maximal ratio combining (MRC). These expressions are extended to include both M-ary coherent PSK (M-PSK) and differential PSK [M-differential PSK (DPSK)]. Following previous empirical studies, the LMSC is modeled as a weighted sum of Rice and Suzuki distributions. Numerical results are provided illustrating the achievable performance of both M-PSK and M-DPSK with diversity reception. Using measured channel parameters, the performance in various mobile environments for various satellite elevation angles is also found.
Dry Matter Partitioning in Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.) As Influenced by Different Light Levels

3 Abstract: Low light responses of eight garden pea genotypes were investigated in the present experiment in terms of dry matter accumulation and partitioning in the plant. The light treatments consisted of (i) 100% photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) measured in the open field and (ii) 25%, (iii) 50%, (iv) 75% reduction of natural PAR obtained by using mosquito nets of variable color and mesh number. Among the genotype tested in the experiment Per cent of dry matter allocation to leaf and stem was increased in IPSA1, P30, P51 and local white due to reduction of PAR, whereas it was decreased in rest of the genotypes. Reducing light levels to 25% PAR also increased the percent dry matter investment to seed, such as IPSA1, IPSA2, IPSA3 and J1, whereas the investment to seed was less affected by reducing light treatment in P51 and local white. Most of the genotypes (e.g. IPSA3, P30, P51, P52 and local white) showed increased total dry matter production (TDM) under 75% PAR level compared to 100% but reduced with further reduction of PAR. The highest quantity of reduction in TDM under 25% PAR level was found in IPSA3 (about 80%). The results lead to suggest that among the eight garden pea genotypes tested in the present experiment P30 and local white performed better under low light environment whereas IPSA3 was found as sensitive to reducing light intensity.
Assessing Contradictions: Methodological Challenges when Mapping Symbolic Boundaries

In this article, we address the methodological question of making sense of contradictions in sociological analysis. Focusing on the scholarly debate about generating and interpreting data on symbolic boundaries – the ways in which social actors evaluate, categorise and judge others – we argue in favour of the continued relevance of the qualitative interview. We discuss how we can move beyond merely mapping attitudinal stances and deal with inconsistencies and contradictions in interviewees’ accounts when classifying others. Rather than seeing contradictions as reflecting a fundamentally unreliable and invalid method of studying people’s feelings, thoughts and attitudes, we argue that they can be viewed as reflecting existing contradictions that people grapple with in everyday life. To illustrate our methodological points, we conduct a small-scale empirical analysis of bodily distinction and symbolic boundaries among a sample of physically active, upper-class men in Norway. Highlighting tensions between interviewees’ honourable and visceral narratives, our analysis explores how such tensions can be teased out by using certain interviewing techniques. We argue that interviewees’ contradictory accounts are connected to the level of abstraction in the phrasing of interview questions. We thus emphasise the importance of methodological reflexivity in studying symbolic boundaries.
Evaluation of an Android-based mHealth system for population surveillance in developing countries

OBJECTIVE In parts of the developing world traditionally modeled healthcare systems do not adequately meet the needs of the populace. This can be due to imbalances in both supply and demand--there may be a lack of sufficient healthcare and the population most at need may be unable or unwilling to take advantage of it. Home-based care has emerged as a possible mechanism to bring healthcare to the populace in a cost-effective, useful manner. This study describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a mobile device-based system to support such services. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mobile phones were utilized and a structured survey was implemented to be administered by community health workers using Open Data Kit. This system was used to support screening efforts for a population of two million persons in western Kenya. RESULTS Users of the system felt it was easy to use and facilitated their work. The system was also more cost effective than pen and paper alternatives. DISCUSSION This implementation is one of the largest applications of a system utilizing handheld devices for performing clinical care during home visits in a resource-constrained environment. Because the data were immediately available electronically, initial reports could be performed and important trends in data could thus be detected. This allowed adjustments to the programme to be made sooner than might have otherwise been possible. CONCLUSION A viable, cost-effective solution at scale has been developed and implemented for collecting electronic data during household visits in a resource-constrained setting.