Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Granger Causality Analysis of the CEE Stock Markets Including Nonsynchronous Trading Effects

This paper focuses on friction in trading processes in the context of the implications of nonsynchronous trading effects, especially in the CEE stock markets. We analyze the Granger causality, and we investigate both the whole sample May 2004 – April 2012 and two equal subsamples: the ‘crisis’ period and the ‘post-crisis’ period. Our results show several causal relationships in the whole sample period, in the case of the group of the biggest CEE stock market indexes and the group of the three Baltic market indexes. Moreover, to accommodate the ‘nonsynchronous trading effect II’ in the Granger causality tests, we propose a version of a VAR model with a modified dynamic structure of lags for the CEE and US stock market indexes. We observe a pronounced feedback relationship for almost all of the analyzed models, both in the whole sample period and in the two subsamples. In light of our results, it seems that taking into account the ‘nonsynchronous trading effect II’ plays a crucial role in examining the lead-lag relationships among the world stock markets. JEL Classification: C32, C58, G15
Working on the Work Framework for Engagement: Impacting Students' Perceived Learning, Attitudes toward School, and Achievement

A quasi-experimental, pre-test post-test nonequivalent control group study was utilized to determine the difference in students’ perceived learning, attitudes toward school, and achievement when participating in classes utilizing engagement design qualities as compared to students in classes not utilizing engagement design qualities. To inform the relationship between student engagement, perceived learning, attitudes toward school, and achievement, Csikszentmihalyi’s Theory of Flow was utilized as a theoretical framework along with the implementation of Schelchty’s Working on the Work (WOW) Framework with 178 third grade students in a Metro-Atlanta school system. A perceived learning questionnaire, the Elementary Form of the Battle Student Attitude Scale, and an expert validated mathematics assessment were analyzed to determine the differences in students that participated in traditional instruction and WOW instruction. Perceived learning and achievement scores were analyzed utilizing an independent samples t test. Student attitudes were analyzed through ANCOVA to control for covariance on the Battle Student Attitude Scale Elementary Form.
Direct-write bioprinting of cell-laden methacrylated gelatin hydrogels

Fabrication of three dimensional (3D) organoids with controlled microarchitectures has been shown to enhance tissue functionality. Bioprinting can be used to precisely position cells and cell-laden materials to generate controlled tissue architecture. Therefore, it represents an exciting alternative for organ fabrication. Despite the rapid progress in the field, the development of printing processes that can be used to fabricate macroscale tissue constructs from ECM-derived hydrogels has remained a challenge. Here we report a strategy for bioprinting of photolabile cell-laden methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels. We bioprinted cell-laden GelMA at concentrations ranging from 7 to 15% with varying cell densities and found a direct correlation between printability and the hydrogel mechanical properties. Furthermore, encapsulated HepG2 cells preserved cell viability for at least eight days following the bioprinting process. In summary, this work presents a strategy for direct-write bioprinting of a cell-laden photolabile ECM-derived hydrogel, which may find widespread application for tissue engineering, organ printing and the development of 3D drug discovery platforms.
Le Caire : mise en place d'une ville moderne, 1867-1907 : des intérêts khédiviaux aux sociétés privées

Entre 1867 et 1907, la ville du Caire est animee par de tres fortes mutations. Elle devient la capitale de l'Egypte tandis que sa surface urbanisee et sa population doublent. Cette periode est constituee de deux temps. D'abord, le khedive Ismail, fascine par les recentes transformations de Paris, s'attache a renouveler l'espace urbain cairote. Malgre les fortes reticences des investisseurs prives, ses services parviennent a mettre en place des nouveaux quartiers dont l'etendue depasse le quart de la vieille ville. Simultanement, le khedive fait re��aliser plusieus parcs et jardins et de nombreux edifices publics. Ces bouleversements sont interrompus en 1876 par la banqueroute des finances khediviales et la mise en place de la Caisse de la dette publique qui s'en suit. A partir de cette date, l'Etat se desengage tres fortement des travaux d'edilite. Il limite ses activites a la mise en place d'une legislation que ses services, faute de moyens financiers, s'averent incapables de faire respecter. Le processus d'urbanisation, alors tres ralenti, reprend vers 1890. A partir de cette date, la ville connait une forte croissance qui est brusquement stoppee par une crise des valeurs boursieres au debut de l'annee 1907. Pour ces deux periodes, je me suis attache a saisir les relations entre l'Etat et les investisseurs prives. Au cours de la premiere, ce sont les volontes du khedive qui determinent l'urbanisation: il tente d'instrumentaliser les interventions privees au service de ses ambitions. A partir de 1876, l'ineffectivite de la legislation et les effets induits par les restrictions budgetaires imposees par le Service de la dette favorisent le developpement des entreprises privees; au tournant du siecle, ce sont elles qui maitrisent l'urbanisation du Caire.
Relativity Experiments in the Solar System

Recent theoretical works on alternative metric theories of gravity give greater significance to solar-system tests of General Relativity. In particular, it is suggested that the post-Newtonian parameter $\gamma$ ought to be determined with great precision in order to discover possible preferred frame effects or effects related to a tensor-scalar theory of gravitation. In this work we focus on a future experiment, based on Doppler tracking of an interplanetary spacecraft near superior conjunction.
Coronary Vessel Development Is Dependent on the Type III Transforming Growth Factor &bgr; Receptor

Transforming growth factor (TGF)&bgr; receptor III (TGF&bgr;R3), or &bgr;-glycan, binds all 3 TGF&bgr; ligands and inhibin with high affinity but lacks the serine/threonine kinase domain found in the type I and type II receptors (TGF&bgr;R1, TGF&bgr;R2). TGF&bgr;R3 facilitates signaling via TGF&bgr;R1/TGF&bgr;R2 but also has been suggested to play a unique and nonredundant role in TGF&bgr; signaling. Targeted deletion of Tgfbr3 revealed a requirement for Tgfbr3 during development of the coronary vessels. Coronary vasculogenesis is significantly impaired in null mice, with few vessels evident and numerous, persistent blood islands found throughout the epicardium. Tgfbr3-null mice die at embryonic day 14.5, the time when functional coronary vasculature is required for embryo viability. However, in null mice nascent coronary vessels attach to the aorta, form 2 coronary ostia, and initiate smooth muscle recruitment by embryonic day 14. Analysis of earlier developmental stages revealed defects in the epicardium. At embryonic day 13.5, these defects include an irregular and hypercellular epicardium with abundant subepicardial mesenchyme and a thin compact zone myocardium. Tgfbr3-null mice also displayed other defects in coronary development, including dysmorphic and distended vessels along the atrioventricular groove and subepicardial hemorrhage. In null mice, vessels throughout the yolk sac and embryo form and recruit smooth muscle in a pattern indistinguishable from heterozygous or wild-type littermates. These data demonstrate a requirement for Tgfbr3 during coronary vessel development that is essential for embryonic viability.
Spin-1/2 isotropic XY chain with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in random lorentzian transverse field

The exact results for thermodynamical properties of one-dimensional spin-1/2 isotropic XY model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in random lorentzian transverse field are obtained. This permits to discuss some approximate methods of disordered spin systems theory. The approximate scheme of examining the thermodynamics of one-dimensional spin-1/2 XXZ Heisenberg model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in random lorentzian field is suggested.
A Foot-Based Reanalysis of Edge-inTonal Phenomena in Bambara

Zoll cites the case of Kukuya, with trisyllabic patterns of LLL, HHH, HLL, LLH and LHL. The absence of *HHL and LHH motivates the ranking of CLASH > LAPSE, as these patterns violate CLASH Hausa non-derived trisyllabic forms require the opposite ranking. The tone patterns are LHL, HLH, LHH and HHL, but there are no *LLH or *HLL patterns, which violate LAPSE. Nevertheless, edge-in forms as in (1c,d) are hard to reconcile with OTM as they violate CLASH and LAPSE equally:
The provision of mobility and independence education to children with visual impairment in mainstream schools

This two-phase study investigates the provision of mobility and independence (M&I) education for children with visual impairment in mainstream schools in the United Kingdom (UK). Phase I collected data (through questionnaires and interviews) from professionals involved in M&I education in order to obtain a UK-wide picture of provision and service delivery. The analysis particularly noted that many different professionals and agencies were found to be involved in M&I education and the scope and organisation of services differed across the country. It is argued that this complexity resulted in an inconsistent and patchy level of provision across the UK. Given the range of professionals involved in M&I education, Phase II explored whether distinct ideologies were observable when different professionals described their practice. Techniques of discourse analysis were applied to transcripts from interviews with six participants from a range of professional backgrounds. Findings include evidence of administrative, charitable/philanthropic, rights, professional and educational discourses, as well as discourses linked to the social and individualistic models of disability, and diverse categorisation of children. The key finding that different professionals have different ways of talking about what they do has implications for the type and nature of services that children receive.
Pre-Exposure Gene Expression in Baboons with and without Pancytopenia after Radiation Exposure

Radiosensitivity differs in humans and likely among primates. The reasons are not well known. We examined pre-exposure gene expression in baboons (n = 17) who developed haematologic acute radiation syndrome (HARS) without pancytopenia or a more aggravated HARS with pancytopenia after irradiation. We evaluated gene expression in a two stage study design where stage I comprised a whole genome screen for messenger RNAs (mRNA) (microarray) and detection of 667 microRNAs (miRNA) (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) platform). Twenty candidate mRNAs and nine miRNAs were selected for validation in stage II (qRT-PCR). None of the mRNA species could be confirmed during the validation step, but six of the nine selected candidate miRNA remained significantly different during validation. In particular, miR-425-5p (receiver operating characteristic = 0.98; p = 0.0003) showed nearly complete discrimination between HARS groups with and without pancytopenia. Target gene searches of miR-425-5p identified new potential mRNAs and associated biological processes linked with radiosensitivity. We found that one miRNA species examined in pre-exposure blood samples was associated with HARS characterized by pancytopenia and identified new target mRNAs that might reflect differences in radiosensitivity of irradiated normal tissue.
Silver-Coated Endotracheal Tubes Be the Answer? Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: Could

Correction Contact me if this article is corrected. Citations Contact me when this article is cited. This article has been cited 1 time. Topic collections Contact me when new articles are published in these topic areas. Drug Therapy Bacterial Infections; Critical Care/ Intensive Care Medicine; Adult Critical Care; Disease; Pneumonia; Statistics and Research Methods; Infectious Diseases; Drug Therapy, Other; Pulmonary Diseases; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides dissociate from cationic lipids before entering the nucleus.

Antisense oligonucleotides complementary to specific mRNA sequences are widely used inhibitors of gene expression in vitro and in vivo . In vitro cationic lipids have been demonstrated to increase the pharmacological activity of antisense oligonucleotides by increasing cellular uptake and facilitating nuclear accumulation. We have investigated the intracellular fate of oligonucleotide/cationic lipid complexes using fluorescently labeled lipids and oligonucleotides targeted to protein kinase C-alpha. After addition to cells the lipids initially co-localized with the oligonucleotide on the cell surface and in fine punctate structures within the cytoplasm. At later times the oligonucleotide began to accumulate in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm. In contrast, the cationic lipid remained localized to the cell surface and the cytoplasm and was never found in the nucleus. Expression of protein kinase C-alpha mRNA did not begin to decline until after oligonucleotide was seen in the nucleus. This was also coincident with the transient appearance of a smaller mRNA transcript believed to result from RNase H cleavage of protein kinase C-alpha mRNA. These data suggest that although cationic lipids facilitate uptake of oligonucleotides, the complex must disassociate before the oligonucleotide can gain access to the nucleus and induce degradation of targeted mRNA.
The Evolution of Coordination under Inertia

This paper models the phenomenon of inertia driven by individual strategy switching costs in a stochastic evolutionary context. Kandori, Mailath, and Rob's (1993) model of a finite population of agents repeatedly playing a 2x2 symmetric coordination game is extended to allow for such inertia. Taking noise to the limit, a number of new short- to medium-run equilibria emerge, centred around the mixed-strategy equilibrium. Thus, unusually, an evolutionary model is seen to provide some justification for the controversial concept of mixed-strategy equilibrium. However, Kandori, Mailath, and Rob's long-run selection of the risk-dominant equilibrium continues to hold, both under fixed-rate mutations and under state-dependent mutations driven by stochastic switching costs. The key to this is the satisfaction of Blume's (1999) "skew-symmetry" of the noise process, which is shown to be crucial even under simultaneous strategy revisions. In fact, the presence of the new short-run equilibria can under certain conditions serve to reduce the expected waiting time before the risk-dominant equilibrium is reached - an instance of Ellison's (2000) idea that evolution is more rapid when it can proceed via a series of small "steps" between extremes. This suggests inertia to be a surprisingly efficient phenomenon, and also serves to moderate the force of the Ellison (1993) critique of excessively long transition times in models with vanishing noise.
The Boundaries of Welfare: European Integration and the New Spatial Politics of Social Protection

To what extent has the process of European integration re-drawn the boundaries of national welfare states? What are the effects of such re-drawing? Boundaries count: they are essential in bringing together individuals, groups, and territorial units, and for activating or strengthening shared ties between them. If the profile of boundaries changes over time, we might expect significant consequences on bonding dynamics, i.e. on the way solidarity is structured in a given political community. The book addresses these two questions in a broad historical and comparative perspective. The first chapter sets out a novel theoretical framework which re-conceptualizes the welfare state as a 'bounded space' characterized by a distinct spatial politics. This reconceptualization takes as a starting point the 'state-building tradition' in political science and in particular the work of Stein Rokkan. The second chapter briefly outlines the early emergence and expansion of European welfare states till World War II. Chapters 3 and 4 analyse the relationship between domestic welfare state developments and the formation of a supranational European Community between the 1960s and the 2000s, illustrating how the process of European integration has increasingly eroded the social sovereignty of the nation-state. Chapter 5 focuses on new emerging forms of sub-national and trans-national social protection, while Chapter 6 discusses current trends and future perspectives for a re-structuring of social protection at the EU level. While there is no doubt that European integration has significantly altered the boundaries of national welfare, de-stabilizing delicate political and institutional equilibria, the book concludes by offering some suggestions on how a viable system of multi-level social protection could possibly emerge within the new EU wide boundary configuration.
Aerial shaking performance of wet Anna's hummingbirds

External wetting poses problems of immediate heat loss and long-term pathogen growth for vertebrates. Beyond these risks, the locomotor ability of smaller animals, and particularly of fliers, may be impaired by water adhering to the body. Here, we report on the remarkable ability of hummingbirds to perform rapid shakes in order to expel water from their plumage even while in flight. Kinematic performance of aerial versus non-aerial shakes (i.e. those performed while perching) was compared. Oscillation frequencies of the head, body and tail were lower in aerial shakes. Tangential speeds and accelerations of the trunk and tail were roughly similar in aerial and non-aerial shakes, but values for head motions in air were twice as high when compared with shakes while perching. Azimuthal angular amplitudes for both aerial and non-aerial shakes reached values greater than 180° for the head, greater than 45° for the body trunk and slightly greater than 90° for the tail and wings. Using a feather on an oscillating disc to mimic shaking motions, we found that bending increased average speeds by up to 36 per cent and accelerations of the feather tip up to fourfold relative to a hypothetical rigid feather. Feather flexibility may help to enhance shedding of water and reduce body oscillations during shaking.
Biological Activity and Molecular Structures of Bis(benzimidazole) and Trithiocyanurate Complexes

1-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)-N-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)methanamine (abb) and 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethylsulfanylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazole (tbb) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis. These bis(benzimidazoles) have been further used in combination with trithiocyanuric acid for the preparation of complexes. The crystal and molecular structures of two of them have been solved. Each nickel atom in the structure of trinuclear complex [Ni3(abb)3(H2O)3(μ-ttc)](ClO4)3·3H2O·EtOH (1), where ttcH3 = trithiocyanuric acid, is coordinated with three N atoms of abb, the N,S donor set of ttc anion and an oxygen of a water molecule. The crystal of [(tbbH2)(ttcH2)2(ttcH3)(H2O)] (2) is composed of a protonated bis(benzimidazole), two ttcH2 anions, ttcH3 and water. The structure is stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds. These compounds were primarily synthesized for their potential antimicrobial activity and hence their possible use in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria or yeasts (fungi). The antimicrobial and antifungal activity of the prepared compounds have been evaluated on a wide spectrum of bacterial and yeast strains and clinical specimens isolated from patients with infectious wounds and the best antimicrobial properties were observed in strains after the use of ligand abb and complex 1, when at least 80% growth inhibition was achieved.
Title Coping mediates the association between type D personality and perceived health in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease

Background Increasing evidence show that Type D personality is a risk factor for morbidity, mortality, and quality of life of patients with coronary vascular disease. Few studies examined coping as a potential behavioral mechanism to explain the harmful effect of Type D personality. Purpose This study examined the association between Type D personality, coping, and perceived health among Chinese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods One hundred seventeen CHD patients completed the assessments on Type D personality, coping, perceived severity of CHD, and morale. Results There was no difference on severity of coronary artery stenosis between Type D and non-Type D patients. Compared to the non-Type D patients, the Type D patients perceived higher severity of CHD (5.31±2.41 versus 4.45± 2.17, p<0.05) and lower morale (12.67±4.71 versus 15.00± 4.43, p<0.05), and used less confrontation (16.90±5.39 versus 20.88±4.95, p<0.001) and more acceptance–resignation coping (10.16±3.50 versus 8.35±3.48, p<0.05). Mediation analyses showed that confrontation coping mediated the association between Type D personality and perceived severity of disease, and acceptance–resignation coping mediated the association between Type D personality and morale after controlling for age, gender, and clinical variables. Conclusion The Type D patients used maladaptive coping in response to disease. These coping strategies fully mediated the association between Type D personality and perceived health. Implications for integrating coping training into the intervention for patients with a Type D personality are discussed.
Choice Set Considerations in Models of Recreation Demand: History and Current State of the Art

In the past two decades, multi-site random utility models have emerged as the popular choice among environmental economists for modeling the behavior of recreation consumers. The potential for flexible patterns of substitution between various recreation alternatives, whether these alternatives are different activities or different locations to engage in a single activity, has made random utility modeling of recreation behavior the preferred alternative to traditional single good demand models. Because random utility models are driven by the pattern of substitution between recreation alternatives, the set of alternatives assumed to be available to the recreator has the potential to affect the conclusions drawn from any empirical analysis. In particular, recent research has shown that the set of alternative sites (or choice set) assumed to be available to a recreator can has a significant impact on the estimated economic value of a recreational trip. In the context of a multi-site recreation decision, the fundamental issue surrounding the definition of the appropriate choice set is, "How do we as researchers capture variation in the set of alternatives individuals consider when making recreation choices while maintaining the tractability of the estimation process and without compromising the integrity of the data and the underlying behavior? " In an attempt to formalize the issues associated with choice set definition in the context of random utility recreation demand models and the subsequent estimation of amenity values, the National Marine Fisheries Service commissioned a workshop of experts in the field of recreation demand analysis.1 The workshop was designed to organize the issues of choice set definition in random utility models of recreation demand, to propose a set of guidelines for the assessment of choice set issues, to design a set of research questions for future research, and to begin to address some of these issues. The following is a compilation of these questions along with brief description of the current state of thinking in the literature, and a summary of the articles included in this special issue of Marine Resource Economics. This is not de-