Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of the concept hierarchy model with search logs for query recommendation on intranets

A concept hierarchy created from a document collection can be used for query recommendation on Intranets by ranking terms according to the strength of their links to the query within the hierarchy. A major limitation is that this model produces the same recommendations for identical queries and rebuilding it from scratch periodically can be extremely inefficient due to the high computational costs. We propose to adapt the model by incorporating query refinements from search logs. Our intuition is that the concept hierarchy built from the collection and the search logs provide complementary conceptual views on the same search domain, and their integration should continually improve the effectiveness of recommended terms. Two adaptation approaches using query logs with and without click information are compared. We evaluate the concept hierarchy models (static and adapted versions) built from the Intranet collections of two academic institutions and compare them with a state-of-the-art log-based query recommender, the Query Flow Graph, built from the same logs. Our adaptive model significantly outperforms its static version and the query flow graph when tested over a period of time on data (documents and search logs) from two institutions' Intranets.
Determinants of Attitude to Volunteering in Psychiatry: Results of a Public Opinion Survey in Switzerland

Background: The United Nations proclaimed 2001 the “international Year of Volunteers”. Little is known about factors influencing the attitude to volunteering in psychiatry. However, knowledge about these factors is important as target groups to be addressed by an awareness and promotion campaign could be identified. Aims: To determine the influence of demographic, psychological and sociological factors on the attitude to volunteering in psychiatry. Methods: Multiple logistic regression analysis of the results of opinion survey conducted on a representative population sample in Switzerland (n = 1737). Results: Public attitude is mostly positive. It depends, however, on the form of volunteering. Two explanatory models for volunteering in psychiatry were found: first, the “antipathetic person” having social distance to and negative stereotypes towards the mentally ill. Second, the “people with social responsibility and commitment” who have former experience in volunteering, a positive attitude to community psychiatry, interest in mass media, a social profession and perceive discrimination of mentally ill persons. Age and gender are significant predictors. Conclusions: An awareness and promotion campaign to use the vast potential of people willing to volunteer in psychiatry can be primarily focused on those with a basic interest in social issues. Volunteering must be limited in time and responsibility. Contacting people with a positive attitude by mass media is a promising way.
Toward a neurology of grammar

This commentary makes a case for a connection between the hierarchically organized skills emphasized in Greenfield's (1991t) target article and rhythmic skills utilized in music. It also links hierarchical organization with automated processing. Implicit is the notion that lower levels of a hierarchy become automatic, as they go under control of higher levels of organization.
Cities of Europe: changing contexts, local arrangements, and the challenge to urban cohesion

Table of Contents of the CD.Notes on Contributors.Acknowledgments. Series Editors' Preface.Foreword: Saskia Sassen.Introducing European Cities.1 Introduction: Cities of Europe: Changing Contexts, Local Arrangements, and the Challenge to Social Cohesion: Yuri Kazepov.2 The European City: A Conceptual Framework and Normative Project: Hartmut Haussermann and Anne Haila.Part I The Changing Context of European Cities.3 Urban Social Change: A Socio-Historical Framework of Analysis: Enzo Mingione.4 Social Morphology and Governance in the New Metropolis: Guido Martinotti.5 Capitalism and the City: Globalization, Flexibility, and Indifference: Richard Sennett.6 Urban Socio-Spatial Configurations and the Future of European Cities: Christian Kesteloot.Part II The Spatial Impact of Ongoing Transformation Processes.7 The Dynamics of Social Exclusion and Neighbourhood Decline: Welfare Regimes, Decommodification, Housing, and Urban Inequality: Alan Murie.8 Social Exclusion, Segregation, and Neighborhood Effects: Sako Musterd and Wim Ostendorf.9 Segregation and Housing Conditions of Immigrants in Western European Cities: Ronald van Kempen.10 Gentrification of Old Neighborhoods and Social Integration in Europe: Patrick Simon.Part III Social Exclusion, Governance, and Social Cohesion in European Cities.11 Elusive Urban Policies in Europe: Patrick Le Gales.12 Changing Forms of Solidarity: Urban Development Programs in Europe: Jan Vranken.13 Challenging the Family: The New Urban Poverty in Southern Europe: Enrica Morlicchio.14 Minimum Income Policies to Combat Poverty: Local Practices and Social Justice in the "European Social Model": Marisol Garcia.Visual Paths Through Urban Europe (CD-Rom). Index
Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. Displays Anti-Inflammatory Responses during Chemically Induced Rat Mammary Tumorigenesis through Simultaneous and Differential Regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways

Trianthema portulacastrum, a medicinal and dietary plant, has gained substantial importance due to its various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. We have recently reported that a characterized T. pofrtulacastrum extract (TPE) affords a considerable chemoprevention of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis though the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. The objective of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory mechanisms of TPE during DMBA mammary carcinogenesis in rats by monitoring cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Mammary tumors were harvested from our previous study in which TPE (50–200 mg/kg) was found to inhibit mammary tumorigenesis in a dose-response manner. The expressions of intratumor COX-2, HSP90, NF-κB, inhibitory kappaB-alpha (IκBα) and Nrf2 were determined by immunohistochemistry. TPE downregulated the expression of COX-2 and HSP90, blocked the degradation of IκBα, hampered the translocation of NF-κB from cytosol to nucleus and upregulated the expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 during DMBA mammary carcinogenesis. These results in conjunction with our previous findings suggest that TPE prevents DMBA-induced breast neoplasia by anti-inflammatory mechanisms mediated through simultaneous and differential modulation of two interconnected molecular circuits, namely NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways.
Structural Health and Stability Assessment of High-Speed Railways via Thermal Dilation Mapping With Time-Series InSAR Analysis

Thermal dilation is a vital component of deformation along the extensive railway network infrastructure. To monitor subtle deformation, the synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technique has been adopted as a space-borne geodetic tool. However, InSAR applications in railway stability surveillance have been largely limited by the sparseness of detectable point-like targets (PTs). Moreover, only one-dimensional linear displacements in radar line-of-sight direction can be measured by a single data stack. To address these issues, we developed an improved persistent scatterers InSAR approach that can retrieve thermal dilation effects with an increased number of PTs along the railways. This proposed strategy effectively combines SAR amplitude, interferometric phase, and the spatial information of railway structures to maximize the number of PTs. A least square fitting of the residual phase obtained by iterative spatial-temporal filtering with respect to temperature difference is used to estimate the thermal dilation of metal and concrete-asphalt materials. To validate the effectiveness of this approach, case studies using ENVISAT ASAR (ASAR) and TerraSAR-X (TSX) datasets were carried out on the railways of Beijing–Tianjin, Beijing–Shanghai, and Shanghai–Hangzhou. Subsidence velocity, gradient, and thermal dilation were used to identify hazardous grades along each railway. Furthermore, linear deformation rates in two dimensions, i.e., vertical and west-east directions, along Shanghai–Hangzhou Railway were inverted from ascending ASAR and descending TSX observations to reveal track conditions at a high level of detail.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the Binding of the Hox Protein Ultrabithorax and the Hox Cofactor Homothorax in Drosophila

Hox genes encode a family of transcription factors that are key developmental regulators with a highly conserved role in specifying segmental diversity along the metazoan body axis. Although they have been shown to regulate a wide variety of downstream processes, direct transcriptional targets have been difficult to identify and this has been a major obstacle to our understanding of Hox gene function. We report the identification of genome-wide binding sites for the Hox protein Ultrabithorax (Ubx) using a YFP-tagged Drosophila protein-trap line together with chromatin immunoprecipitation and microarray analysis. We identify 1,147 genes bound by Ubx at high confidence in chromatin from the haltere imaginal disc, a prominent site of Ubx function where it specifies haltere versus wing development. The functional relevance of these genes is supported by their overlap with genes differentially expressed between wing and haltere imaginal discs. The Ubx-bound gene set is highly enriched in genes involved in developmental processes and contains both high-level regulators as well as genes involved in more basic cellular functions. Several signalling pathways are highly enriched in the Ubx target gene set and our analysis supports the view that Hox genes regulate many levels of developmental pathways and have targets distributed throughout the gene network. We also performed genome-wide analysis of the binding sites for the Hox cofactor Homothorax (Hth), revealing a striking similarity with the Ubx binding profile. We suggest that these binding profiles may be strongly influenced by chromatin accessibility and provide evidence of a link between Ubx/Hth binding and chromatin state at genes regulated by Polycomb silencing. Overall, we define a set of direct Ubx targets in the haltere imaginal disc and suggest that chromatin accessibility has important implications for Hox target selection and for transcription factor binding in general.
E-cadherin endocytosis regulates the activity of Rap1: a traffic light GTPase at the crossroads between cadherin and integrin function

The coordinate modulation of cadherin and integrin functions plays an essential role in fundamental physiological and pathological processes, including morphogenesis and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional crosstalk between cadherins and integrins are still elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the small GTPase Rap1, a crucial regulator of the inside-out activation of integrins, is a target for E-cadherin-mediated outside-in signaling. In particular, we show that a strong activation of Rap1 occurs upon adherens junction disassembly that is triggered by E-cadherin internalization and trafficking along the endocytic pathway. By contrast, Rap1 activity is not influenced by integrin outside-in signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the E-cadherin endocytosis-dependent activation of Rap1 is associated with and controlled by an increased Src kinase activity, and is paralleled by the colocalization of Rap1 and E-cadherin at the perinuclear Rab11-positive recycling endosome compartment, and the association of Rap1 with a subset of E-cadherin-catenin complexes that does not contain p120ctn. Conversely, Rap1 activity is suppressed by the formation of E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell junctions as well as by agents that inhibit either Src activity or E-cadherin internalization and intracellular trafficking. Finally, we demonstrate that the E-cadherin endocytosis-dependent activation of Rap1 is associated with and is required for the formation of integrin-based focal adhesions. Our findings provide the first evidence of an E-cadherin-modulated endosomal signaling pathway involving Rap1, and suggest that cadherins may have a novel modulatory role in integrin adhesive functions by fine-tuning Rap1 activation.
Storytelling: Language Experience for Meaning Making.

As a professional storyteller I always marvel at the magic and power of sto ries. Whenever I look out at my audi ence I see that eager anticipation on their faces, and as soon as we begin, that wonderful magic of story takes us to another place as the story is woven into the listeners' lives and be comes a part of their experiences. The limits of how far a particular story will affect a per son depend not only on the depth and breadth of the story, but also on what the listener brings to the story. "Storytelling at best is co creation" (Baker and Greene, 1977), a power ful and enjoyable language experience.
Challenges in Implementing the Integrated Community-Based Outpatient Therapeutic Program for Severely Malnourished Children in Rural Southern Ethiopia

Currently, treatment of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition is managed in the integrated Community based Outpatient Therapeutic Program (C-OTP) using ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs). The aim of this study was to determine challenges in implementing the critical steps in C-OTP and caregivers’ perceptions of service provision in southern Ethiopia. A total of 1048 caregivers of children admitted to the OTP and 175 Health Extension Workers (HEWs) from 94 selected health posts were included in the study. Program admission, follow-up and exit information was collected from caregivers during home visits. HEWs were interviewed at their respective health posts. Only 46.6% (481/1032) were given the recommended amount of RUTF and 19.3% (196/1015) were given antibiotics on admission. During C-OTP participation 34.9% (316/905) had uninterrupted provision of the recommended amount of RUTF. Of the children who left the program, 220/554 (39.7%) exited the program in line with the national recommendation. Caregivers (42.9% (394/918) and HEWs (37.1%, 62/167) perceive that RUTFs were being sold as a commodity. Inadequate provision and unintended usage of RUTFs, lack of antibiotics and inappropriate exit from the program were major constraints. For successful saving of lives, adequate resources must be allocated, and providers must be trained regularly, and supervised properly.
Teratogenic Effects of Topiramate in a Zebrafish Model

Topiramate is commonly used for treating epilepsy in both children and adults. Recent clinical data suggests that administration of topiramate to women during pregnancy increases the risk of oral clefts in their offspring. To better understand the potential effects of topiramate, we dosed adult female zebrafish with topiramate, and investigated the altered morphologies in adult females and their offspring. It showed that topiramate-treated female fish had reduced oocyte maturation, and the survival rates of their offspring were seriously decreased during embryogenesis. In addition, around 23% of offspring displayed cartilage malformation in the craniofacial area, such as loss of ceratobranchial cartilages as well as impaired ceratohyal, Meckel’s cartilage and ethmoid plate development. Moreover, mineralization of ceratohyal, Meckel’s cartilage, and vertebrae were downregulated during bone development. Taken together, we concluded that topiramate impaired oogenesis in the maternal reproductive system, and then caused offspring cartilage malformation or bone dysplasia.
Neural Aspects of Sentence Comprehension: Syntactic Complexity, Reversibility, and Reanalysis

Broca's area is preferentially activated by reversible sentences with complex syntax, but various linguistic factors may be responsible for this finding, including syntactic movement, working-memory demands, and post hoc reanalysis. To distinguish between these, we tested the interaction of syntactic complexity and semantic reversibility in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of sentence–picture matching. During auditory comprehension, semantic reversibility induced selective activation throughout the left perisylvian language network. In contrast, syntactic complexity (object-embedded vs. subject-embedded relative clauses) within reversible sentences engaged only the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) and left precentral gyrus. Within irreversible sentences, only the LIFG was sensitive to syntactic complexity, confirming a unique role for this region in syntactic processing. Nonetheless, larger effects of reversibility itself occurred in the same regions, suggesting that full syntactic parsing may be a nonautomatic process applied as needed. Complex reversible sentences also induced enhanced signals in LIFG and left precentral regions on subsequent picture selection, but with additional recruitment of the right hemisphere homolog area (right inferior frontal gyrus) as well, suggesting that post hoc reanalysis of sentence structure, compared with initial comprehension, engages an overlapping but larger network of brain regions. These dissociable effects may offer a basis for studying the reorganization of receptive language function after brain damage.
Bright Splinters of the Mind: A Personal Story of Research with Autistic Savants

1. Outline. 2. Talent and intelligence. 3. Autism and special abilities. 4. Poetry. 5. Foreign languages. 6. Calendar calculations. 7. Date memory. 8. Numbers. 9. Drawing. 10. Pictorial strategies. 11. Two savant artists. 12. Musical memory and improvisation. 13. Autism and savant ability revisited. Index.
Bayesian inference for recurrent events data using time‐dependent frailty

In medical studies, we commonly encounter multiple events data such as recurrent infection or attack times in patients suffering from a given disease. A number of statistical procedures for the analysis of such data use the Cox proportional hazards model, modified to include a random effect term called frailty which summarizes the dependence of recurrent times within a subject. These unobserved random frailty effects capture subject effects that are not explained by the known covariates. They are typically modelled constant over time and are assumed to be independently and identically distributed across subjects. However, in some situations, the subject‐specific random frailty may change over time in the same manner as time‐dependent covariate effects. This paper presents a time‐dependent frailty model for recurrent failure time data in the Bayesian context and estimates it using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Our approach is illustrated by a data set relating to patients with chronic granulomatous disease and it is compared to the constant frailty model using the deviance information criterion. Copyright 2004 © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mature teratoma of the spinal cord in adults: An unusual case

Intraspinal mature teratomas rarely occur in adults. The present study describes an unusual case of adult intradural mature teratoma, which was completely resected. A 22-year-old female presented with an intermittent pinching pain in the lower right shank that had lasted for three months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results indicated a multicystic mass extending from the T12 to L2 vertebrae, and the tumors were certified as teratomas by a histopathological examination. The level of pain experienced by the patient was improved following the surgery. The present study also compared the literature concerning adult intradural mature teratoma, summarized the basic clinical characteristics and theory of origin of adult intradural mature teratoma and reviewed the available treatments for this disease.
Customers ’ Intention to Use Electronic Payment System for Purchasing

The purpose of this research was to study the factors of characteristic of business, website quality and trust affected intention to use electronic payment systems for online purchasing. This survey research used questionnaire as a tool to collect the data of 300 customers who purchased online products and used an electronic payment system. The descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data. The results revealed that customers had a good opinion towards the characteristic of the business and website quality. However, they have a moderate opinion towards trust and intention to repurchase. In addition, the characteristics of the business affected the purchase intention the most, followed by website quality and the trust with statistical significance at 0.05 level. For particular, the terms of reputation, communication, information quality, perceived risk and word of mouth affected the intention to use the electronic payment system. In contrast, the terms of size, system quality and service quality did not affect intention to use an electronic payment system. Keywords—Electronic payment, intention, online purchasing, trust.
[Aberrometry due dilated pupils--Which mydriatic should be used?].

BACKGROUND For a wavefront-based LASIK procedure aberrometric measurements are necessary via a dilated pupil. The more dilated the pupil is the more aberrations can be identified. There are different mydriatic eyedrops used to dilate the pupil. It is unclear so far which mydriatic is best for measuring aberrations before LASIK. METHODS We performed aberrometry measurements on 50 eyes under the following different conditions: physiological mydriasis under mesopic environment, tropicamide-induced dilation, phenylephrine-induced dilation, and cyclopentolate-induced dilation. The wavefront measurements were compared with the respective subjective refraction (sr). RESULTS The refractive myopic error measured by aberrometry was less than after subjective refraction depending on the mydriatic used. Phenylephrine-induced mydriasis resulted in 0.19 D less myopia, tropicamide induced 0.35 D less myopia, and cyclopentolate 0.42 D less on the average. The aberrometry measurements under mesopic conditions led to 0.24 D less myopia than measured subjectively. CONCLUSION Using cyclopentolate eyedrops wavefront analysis results in a considerable difference in the preoperative refractive error compared to the standard subjective refraction. Regarding the average differences in refraction the aberrometry measurements after neosynephrine-induced dilation of the pupil usually resemble the subjective refractive error. For practical reasons we would like to recommend aberrometry measurements under mesopic conditions without applying mydriatics provided the pupillary diameter is at least 6 mm.
A Body Worth Defending: Immunity, Biopolitics, and the Apotheosis of the Modern Body

Acknowledgments ix Opening Up a Few Concepts: Introductory Ruminations 1 1. Living Before and Beyond the Law, or A Reasonable Organism Defends Itself 32 2. A Body Worth Having, or A System of Natural Governance 68 3. A Policy called Milieu, or The Human Organism's Vital Space 130 4. Incorporating Immunity, or The Defensive Poetics of Modern Medicine 206 Conclusion: Immune Communities, Common Immunities 269 Notes 283 Bibliography 323 Index 359