Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Memorable Messages of Social Support That Former High School Athletes Received From Their Head Coaches

Social support is an important resource that coaches provide to athletes. However, the specific messages that coaches utilize to support athletes have remained overlooked. This study examines the memorable messages (i.e., enduring and influential messages) of informational, esteem, and emotional support that former high school athletes recall receiving from their head coaches. To accomplish this purpose, messages were inductively derived from 102 former high school athletes via open-ended questionnaires. These data were subjected to open and axial coding. Results indicate that athletes recall informational support messages that tell them how to play, be successful, and relate to others; esteem support messages that emphasize their abilities to succeed, encourage intangible qualities, and reinforce relationships with others; and emotional support messages that improve their well-being, praise them, help improve their performances, and deal with their poor performances. This study ultimately reinforces the use of message-based approaches for understanding athlete–coach interactions as well as highlights the specific types of prosocial messages that coaches can utilize to support athletes and improve their coaching effectiveness.
The trade-offs of emotional reactivity for youths' social information processing in the context of maternal depression

Although research demonstrates that emotional experiences can influence cognitive processing, little is known about individual differences in this association, particularly in youth. The present study examined how the emotional backdrop of the caregiving environment, as reflected in exposure to maternal depression and anxiety, was linked to biases in youths' cognitive processing of mother-referent information. Further, we investigated whether this association differed according to variation in youths' emotional reactivity to stress. Youth (50 boys, 46 girls; M age = 12.36, SD = 1.05) completed a behavioral task assessing cognitive bias. Semi-structured interviews were administered to assess (a) youths' emotional reactivity to naturally occurring stressors, and (b) maternal depression and anxiety. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that emotional reactivity to interpersonal stressors moderated the linkage between maternal depression and cognitive bias such that maternal depression predicted a greater negative bias in youth exhibiting high and average, but not low, levels of emotional reactivity. At low levels of maternal depression, youth with heightened interpersonal emotional reactivity showed a greater positive cognitive bias. This pattern of effects was specific to interpersonal (but not non-interpersonal) emotional reactivity and to maternal depression (but not anxiety). These findings illuminate one personal characteristic of youth that moderates emotion-cognition linkages, and reveal that emotional reactivity both enhances and impairs youths' cognitive processing as a function of socialization context.
Special Sorrows: The Diasporic Imagination of Irish, Polish, and Jewish Immigrants in the United States.

Conventional wisdom would have us believe that every immigrant to the United States became American, by choice and with deliberate speed. Yet, as Special Sorrows shows us, this is simply untrue. In this compelling revisionist study, Matthew Frye Jacobson reveals tenacious attachments to the Old World and explores the significance of homeland politics for Irish, Polish, and Jewish immigrants at the turn of the twentieth century. Drawing on Yiddish, Polish, and English-language sources, Jacobson discovers the influence of nationalist ideologies in the overt political agendas of such ethnic associations as the Knights of Zion and the Polish Falcons, as well as in newspapers, vernacular theater, popular religion, poetry, fiction, and festivals, both religious and secular. In immigrant communities, he finds that nationalism was a powerful component of popular sensibility. A captivating example of Jacobson's thesis is immigrant reaction to American intervention in Cuba. Masculinist/militarist strains of nationalist culture met with the keen impulse to aid a subjugated people. The three national groups, rich with memories of their own subjugation, found an unlikely outlet in the Caribbean. But when the U.S. war for Cuban liberation was followed by a crusade for Philippine subjugation, immigrants faced a dilemma: some condemned the American empire rich in Old World parallels; others dismissed the Filipinos as racial others and embraced the glories of conquest. In effect, the crucible of American imperialism was vital to many immigrants' Americanization, in the sense of passionate participation in national politics, pro or con. This work answers the call of scholars to recover the full experience of these immigrants. It adds to the tapestry of America's turn-of-the-century political culture and restores an essential transnational dimension to questions of ethnic identity and behavior.
Changes in Keratin Expression during Metastatic Progression of Breast Cancer: Impact on the Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells

Purpose: Circulating tumor cells (CTC) might function as early markers for breast cancer metastasis or monitoring therapy efficacy. Enrichment and identification of CTCs are based on epithelial markers that might be modulated during epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Little is known about the expression of keratins in CTCs and whether all CTCs can be detected with antibodies directed against a limited panel of keratins. Experimental Design: Protein expression of keratin 2, 4–10, 13–16, 18, and 19 were assessed by a cocktail of antibodies (C11, AE1, AE3, and K7) and keratin antibodies C11 and A45-B/B3 alone in 11 breast cancer cell lines and 50 primary breast carcinomas and their lymph node metastases. Furthermore, CTCs were assessed in blood of 70 metastatic breast cancer patients. Results: Claudin-low cell lines did not show expression of normal breast epithelial keratins but were positive for K14 and K16, detected by the cocktail only. Primary breast carcinomas showed changes in keratin expression during metastatic progression to the lymph nodes. In 35 of 70 patients CTCs were identified, of which 83%, 40%, and 57% were identified by the cocktail, C11 and A45-B/B3, respectively. Identification of CTCs by the cocktail was associated with shorter survival (P < 0.01). In silico analyses revealed association between KRT16 expression and shorter relapse-free survival in metastatic breast cancer. Conclusion: Breast cancer cells show a complex pattern of keratin expression with potential biologic relevance. Individual keratin antibodies recognizing only a limited set of keratins inherit the risk to miss biologically relevant CTCs in cancer patients, and antibody cocktails including these keratins are therefore recommended. Clin Cancer Res; 18(4); 993–1003. ©2012 AACR.
Rigidity of tame rational functions

We introduce and establish some basic properties of the tame rational functions. The class of these functions contains all the rational functions with no recurrent critical points in their Julia sets. For tame non-exceptional functions we prove that the Lipschitz conjugacy, the same spectra of moduli of derivatives at periodic orbits and con-formal conjugacy are mutually equivalent. We prove also the following rigidity result: If h is a Borel measurable invertible map which conjugates two tame functions f and g a.e. and if h transports conformal measure m f to a measure equivalent to m g then h extends from a set of full measure m f to a conformal homeomorphism of neighbourhoods of respective Julia sets. This extends D. Sullivan's rigidity theorem for holomorphic expanding repellers. We provide also a few lines proof of E. Prado's theorem that two generalized polynomial-like maps at zero Teichm uller's distance are holomorphically conjugate.
A Longitudinal Comparison of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Among Military Service Components

The purpose of this study was to longitudinally investigate PTSD and depression between Reserve, National Guard, and active duty continuously and dichotomously. The study consisted of Millennium Cohort Study participants and used self-reported symptoms. Repeated measures modeling assessed PTSD and depression continuously and dichotomously over time. A subanalysis among only recently deployed personnel was conducted. Of the 52,653 participants for the PTSD analysis, the adjusted PCL-C means were 34.6 for Reservists, 34.4 for National Guardsmen, and 34.7 for active duty members, respectively. Of the 53,073 participants for depression analysis, the adjusted PHQ-9 means were 6.8, 6.7, and 7.2, respectively. In dichotomous models, Reservists and National Guardsmen did not have a higher risk of PTSD or depression compared with active duty members. Among deployers, Reservists and National Guardsmen had higher odds (odds ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence limit [CL] [1.01, 1.34] and OR = 1.19, 95% CL [1.04, 1.36], respectively) of screening positive for PTSD, but not depression. Although Reserve and National Guard deployers had modestly increased odds of PTSD compared with active duty members, overall there were minimal differences in the risk and symptom scores of PTSD and depression between service components.
A Large-scale Analysis of the Mnemonic Password Advice

How to choose a strong but still easily memorable password? An often recommended advice is to memorize a random sentence (the mnemonic) and to concatenate the words’ initials: a so-called mnemonic password. The paper in hand analyzes the effectiveness of this advice—in terms of the obtained password strength—and sheds light on various related aspects. While it is infeasible to obtain a sufficiently large sample of human-chosen mnemonics, the password strength depends only on the distribution of certain character probabilities. We provide several pieces of evidence that these character probabilities are approximately the same for human-chosen mnemonics and sentences from a web crawl and exploit this connection for our analyses. The presented analyses are independent of cracking software, avoid privacy concerns, and allow full control over the details of how passwords are generated from sentences. In particular, the paper introduces the following original research contributions: (1) construction of one of the largest corpora of human-chosen mnemonics, (2) construction of two web sentence corpora from the 27.3 TB ClueWeb12 web crawl, (3) demonstration of the suitability of web sentences as substitutes for mnemonics in password strength analyses, (4) improved estimation of password probabilities by position-dependent language models, and (5) analysis of the obtained password strength using web sentence samples of different sentence complexity and using 18 generation rules for mnemonic password construction. Our findings include both expected and less expected results, among others: mnemonic passwords from lowercase letters only provide comparable strength to mnemonic passwords that exploit the 7-bit visible ASCII character set, less complex mnemonics reduce password strength in offline scenarios by less than expected, and longer mnemonic passwords provide more security in an offline but not necessarily in an online scenario. When compared to passwords generated by uniform sampling from a dictionary, distributions of mnemonic passwords can reach the same strength against offline attacks with less characters.
MSH6 Mutations Arise in Glioblastomas during Temozolomide Therapy and Mediate Temozolomide Resistance

Purpose: Over the past few years, the alkylating agent temozolomide has become the standard-of-care therapy for patients with glioblastoma, the most common brain tumor. Recently, large-scale cancer genome sequencing efforts have identified a hypermutation phenotype and inactivating MSH6 mismatch repair gene mutations in recurrent, post-temozolomide glioblastomas, particularly those growing more rapidly during temozolomide treatment. This study aimed to clarify the timing and role of MSH6 mutations in mediating glioblastoma temozolomide resistance. Experimental Design:MSH6 sequence and microsatellite instability (MSI) status were determined in matched prechemotherapy and postchemotherapy glioblastomas identified by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as having posttreatment MSH6 mutations. Temozolomide-resistant lines were derived in vitro through selective growth under temozolomide, and the MSH6 gene was sequenced in resistant clones. The role of MSH6 inactivation in mediating resistance was explored using lentiviral short hairpin RNA knockdown and MSH6 reconstitution. Results:MSH6 mutations were confirmed in posttreatment TCGA glioblastomas but absent in matched pretreatment tumors. The posttreatment hypermutation phenotype displayed a signature bias toward CpC transitions and was not associated with MSI. In vitro modeling through exposure of an MSH6 wild-type glioblastoma line to temozolomide resulted in resistant clones; one clone showed an MSH6 mutation, Thr1219Ile, that had been independently noted in two treated TCGA glioblastomas. Knockdown of MSH6 in the glioblastoma line U251 increased resistance to temozolomide cytotoxicity and reconstitution restored cytotoxicity in MSH6-null glioma cells. Conclusions:MSH6 mutations are selected in glioblastomas during temozolomide therapy both in vitro and in vivo and are causally associated with temozolomide resistance.
Bread and Bullet

Standard economics omits the role of narratives (the stories that people tell themselves and others) when they make all kinds of decisions. Narratives play a role in understanding the environment; focusing attention; predicting events; motivating action; assigning social roles and identities; defining power relations; and establishing and conveying social norms. This paper describes the role narratives play in decision making, as it also juxtaposes this description against the backdrop of the Bolshevik-spawned narrative that played a critical role in the history of Russia and the Soviet Union in the 20th Century.
Connecting Enterprise Architecture with Strategic Planning Processes: Case Study of a Large Nordic Finance Organization

The business environment is changing faster than ever before. Successful navigation in these treacherous waters requires both business agility and capability to govern strategy-driven business transformation. Enterprise Architecture (EA) is an approach providing insight and overview to manage the complexity of an organization and to aid strategic decision-making. Studies have tried to bridge the gap between EA and strategy, but very few empirical studies have been published on the subject. In this exploratory case study, we provide an empirical view of how EA can be connected to the strategic planning process and bring value to an organization. The findings are based on 13 interviews conducted in a large Nordic financial services group. This study strengthens the view that although EA could provide significant value in the strategy formulation phase it is still mainly a tool for translating the strategy into actions. EA can thus provide the most value in the strategy implementation phase of the strategic planning process.
Victim satisfaction with restorative justice

Evaluative studies have demonstrated that victims of crime are satisfied with their participation in a restorative intervention. Meanwhile, the explanation of victim satisfaction with restorative practices remains to be established. In this article, we study factors contributing to victim satisfaction with the restorative approach and ask to what extent victim satisfaction is simply due to procedural justice. Procedural justice theory predicts that the perceived fairness of a conflict resolution procedure is not only explained by the favourability of its outcome, but also by the appreciation of procedural factors, such as trust, neutrality, respect and voice, and that procedures can be assessed irrespective of their outcome. We conducted semi-directive interviews with 34 victims of violent crime who participated in victim–offender mediation, family group conferencing or victim–offender encounters in Canada and Belgium. We found that appreciation of a restorative approach is related to it being perceived as procedurally just. However, it is also related to other factors, namely the restorative approach being flexible, providing care, centring on dialogue and permitting pro-social motives to be addressed. These factors are not accounted for by the procedural justice model. Therefore, procedural justice partially but not entirely explains victim satisfaction with restorative practices.
The Effect of Divergent Corporate Governance on Global Diversification Wealth Effect across Industries

The more profound global diversification wealth eff ect for acquiring firm shareholders in the last decade as well as corporate governance characterist ics are found varying with the industry affiliation s of the acquirers. The divergent corporate governance a ross industries appears to explain the differenti al wealth effect. Manufacturing industries benefit th e most through globalization but their gain is not affected by corporate governance factors. Both are believed to be the consequence of their industry characteristics, such as more abundant firm-specifi c and information-based assets, internalization, an d ownership advantages. Corporate governance charact e istics do impact cross-border diversification firm value gain for non-manufacturing firms. Bette r corporate governance scheme in place does lead to greater shareholder wealth increase. Among non-man ufacturing industries, external corporate governance system is especially vital for non-servi c firms.
Haemochromatosis mutations in North‐East Scotland

The HFE gene and its mutations C282Y and H63D cause hereditary haemochromatosis (HH). Among 54 affected individuals from North‐East Scotland, 91% were homozygous for C282Y and 5.5% were compound heterozygotes for C282Y and H63D. The general population allele frequencies were high (8% and 15.7% for C282Y and H63D respectively). Although it is likely that HH is under diagnosed, these figures suggest that disease expression is variable, and many of those with the genetic predisposition HH will never develop the clinical consequences of iron overload. This has implications for diagnosis and predictive testing.
Claudin-2 as a mediator of leaky gut barrier during intestinal inflammation

The epithelial tight junction determines the paracellular water and ion movement in the intestine and also prevents uptake of larger molecules, including antigens, in an uncontrolled manner. Claudin-2, one of the 27 mammalian claudins regulating that barrier function, forms a paracellular channel for small cations and water. It is typically expressed in leaky epithelia like proximal nephron and small intestine and provides a major pathway for the paracellular transport of sodium, potassium, and fluid. In intestinal inflammation (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), immune-mediated diseases (celiac disease), and infections (HIV enteropathy), claudin-2 is upregulated in small and large intestine and contributes to diarrhea via a leak flux mechanism. In parallel to that upregulation, other epithelial and tight junctional features are altered and the luminal uptake of antigenic macromolecules is enhanced, for which claudin-2 may be partially responsible through induction of tight junction strand discontinuities.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Dual Specificity Phosphatase, MKP-5*

A group of dual specificity protein phosphatases negatively regulates members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily, which consists of three major subfamilies, MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. Nine members of this group of dual specificity phosphatases have previously been cloned. They show distinct substrate specificities for MAPKs, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. Here we have cloned and characterized a novel dual specificity phosphatase, which we have designated MKP-5. MKP-5 is a protein of 482 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 52.6 kDa and consists of 150 N-terminal amino acids of unknown function, two Cdc25 homology 2 regions in the middle, and a C-terminal catalytic domain. MKP-5 binds to p38 and SAPK/JNK, but not to MAPK/ERK, and inactivates p38 and SAPK/JNK, but not MAPK/ERK. p38 is a preferred substrate. The subcellular localization of MKP-5 is unique; it is present evenly in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. MKP-5 mRNA is widely expressed in various tissues and organs, and its expression in cultured cells is elevated by stress stimuli. These results suggest that MKP-5 is a novel type of dual specificity phosphatase specific for p38 and SAPK/JNK.
Adaptation of Sensory Neurons to Hyalectin and Decorin Proteoglycans

Proteoglycans are abundantly expressed in the pathways of developing and regenerating neurons, yet the responses of neurons to specific proteoglycans are not well characterized. We have shown previously that one chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG), aggrecan, is potently inhibitory to sensory axon extension in short-term assays and that over time, embryonic neurons adapt to aggrecan-mediated inhibition through the transcriptional upregulation of integrin expression (Condic et al., 1999). Here, we have compared the response of embryonic sensory neurons to structurally distinct CSPGs that belong to either the hyalectin (or lectican) family of large, aggregating proteoglycans or the decorin (or small leucine-rich proteoglycan) family of smaller proteoglycans. Both of these structurally diverse proteoglycan families are expressed in developing embryos and inhibit outgrowth of embryonic sensory neurons in short-term cultures. These results document a previously uncharacterized inhibitory function for the decorin-family proteoglycan biglycan. Interestingly, embryonic neurons adapt to these diverse proteoglycans over time. Adaptation is associated with upregulation of select integrin α subunits in a proteoglycan-specific manner. Overexpression of specific integrin α subunits improves neuronal regeneration on some but not all decorin-family CSPGs, suggesting that neurons adapt to inhibition mediated by closely related proteoglycans using distinct mechanisms. Our findings indicate that CSPGs with diverse core proteins and distinct numbers of chondroitin sulfate substitution sites mediate a similar response in sensory neurons, suggesting that increased integrin expression may be an effective means of promoting axonal regeneration in the presence of diverse inhibitory proteoglycan species in vivo.