Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eruption times and patterns of permanent teeth in school children of India.

AIM To study the eruption pattern of permanent teeth excluding third molars in school children of Mysore, South India. OBJECTIVES To compare the eruption times determined with previous studies. To determine range of variation of the eruption time of each tooth and evaluate if any preponderance exists in the eruption timings of maxillary and mandibular teeth and between boys and girls. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a descriptive cross sectional study. A random sample of 5007 school children in the age group of 5-14 years was selected. The mean age of eruption of individual permanent teeth was recorded and results were analyzed using Probit analysis. RESULTS The study population included 2371 boys constituting 47.26% and 2636 girls constituting 52.65% of the total sample. In the age group of 5 years, one of the permanent teeth was found to be erupted. In the age group of 14 years, all the permanent teeth except third molar had erupted. Girls showed early tooth eruption compared to boys. Mandibular teeth erupted earlier than maxillary teeth in both the sexes. Right and left sided teeth erupted at the same time in both the arches. CONCLUSION The mean ages of eruption obtained from the present study are strikingly comparable with those of other investigators in different populations across the world. Since the current study involves a large sample of children, the data reported in this study could be used as standards when assessing permanent tooth eruption in Indian children.
Effects of Teacher-Constructed Pre- and Post-Graphic Organizer Instruction on Sixth-Grade Science Students’ Comprehension and Recall

AbstractThis investigation compares the effectiveness of three instructional procedures for facilitating sixth graders’ comprehension and retention of science content: (a) use of teacher-constructed graphic organizers (GO) before text reading (pre-GO), (b) use of teacher-constructed graphic organizers after text reading (post-GO), and (c) use of a traditional form of instruction consisting of frequent questions and text-oriented discussion interjected before, during, and after text reading. The results indicate that all three groups were comparable on daily probe measures and an immediate posttest; however, the pre-GO group outperformed the post-GO group on a delayed posttest measure. The overall results suggest that teacher-constructed graphic organizers, whether presented prior to or following textual reading, appear no more effective than traditional instruction in increasing sixth-grade children’s comprehension and retention of science content-area information. The present findings fail to corroborate.
The Effect of Experimenter Evaluation on Self-Evaluation within the Social Loafing Paradigm

Abstract Szymanski and Harkins (1987) have demonstrated that the potential for self-evaluation is sufficient to eliminate the social loafing effect. In the current research, the motivational potency and limits of this self-evaluation effect were examined by allowing participants to choose the conditions under which they would work. In our experiment, participants were attracted by the possibility of self-evaluation, but they rejected the possibility of evaluation by the experimenter. When the potential for experimenter and self were combined, participants also rejected it, even though it meant passing up the opportunity for self-evaluation. These results suggest that the potential for self-evaluation is a potent, but fragile, source of motivation. The participants′ concern over the potential for experimenter evaluation captures their attention to the extent that they pass up the possibility of self-evaluation. Implications and limitations of these effects are discussed.
Análise da percepção do estado de saúde dos idosos da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte

OBJECTIVE: To analyze how the elderly population in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte perceive their own health situation. METHODOLOGY: Data from the Household Sample Survey (PAD/MG) were used held in 2009 by Joao Pinheiro Foundation. It was examined and interviewed a random sample of 963 people aged 60 years or more residents in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte. The dependent variable was self-perceived of health status and the independent variables were: diseases that require constant monitoring, smoking, regular physical activity, working, pension benefits and education. A descriptive analysis and statistical analysis of association were conducted by means of Chi-square and T Student. RESULTS: The study interviewed 963 people aged 60 years or greater; 58.2% of the sample are women, mean age of 69.4 years and 44% reported health status as "very good or good" and 10.7% "bad or very bad". From the subjects who reported having health problems that require constant monitoring (n=960), 42% suffer of arterial hypertension; 78.5% can be considered illiterate; 67.9% received retirement or pension in the reference month of the survey; 25% reported performing regular physical activity; 10.7% declared their health state as being "bad or very bad". The self-perception of health status is worse among the elderly reporting chronic diseases, poor education, lack of working habits and reduced physical activity ((P<0,05). These results can be considered as crucial information to help in the search for implementing better government funded programs to assist the elderly population of Minas Gerais.
Task type as a moderator of positive/negative feedback effects on motivation and performance: A regulatory focus perspective

Applying Higgins' regulatory focus theory, we hypothesized that the effect of positive/negative feedback on motivation and performance is moderated by task type, which is argued to be an antecedent to situational regulatory focus (promotion or prevention). Thus, first we demonstrated that some tasks (e.g., tasks requiring creativity) are perceived as promotion tasks, whereas others (e.g., those requiring vigilance and attention to detail) are perceived as prevention tasks. Second, as expected, our tests in two studies of the moderation hypothesis showed that positive feedback increased self-reported motivation (meta-analysis across samples: N = 315, d = 0.43) and actual performance (N = 55, d = 0.67) among people working on promotion tasks, relative to negative feedback. Positive feedback, however, decreased motivation (N = 318, d = −0.33) and performance (N = 55, d = −0.37) among individuals working on prevention tasks, relative to negative feedback. These findings suggest that (a) performance of different tasks can affect regulatory focus and (b) variability in positive/negative feedback effects can be partially explained by regulatory focus and task type. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Readiness of Graduates from the Faculty of Education at Palacky University for Primary School Pupils with Behavioral Problems*

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore if former students of the Faculty of Education, Palacky University, Olomouc are prepared for these risk situations (aggression, behavioural problems) in their classes. The following text is research-based. The aim of this research is to answer the following questions: Are the graduates from the Faculty of Education, Palacky University, Olomouc prepared to work with pupils with behavioural problems? ~Are they able to address these pupils properly? ~Can they recognize pupils with more serious discipline problems who need the care of other professionals, and do they know who to turn to in this case? The survey concludes that graduates from the Faculty of Education, Palacky University, who are ready to teach in primary schools, lack the theoretical preparation relating to discipline.
Engaging with change : a process study of family therapy

It is argued that current attempts to investigate the process of family therapy might benefit from the application of discursive and narrative analytic techniques. An example of such an analysis is given, taking the work of an experienced family therapist with one family seeking help in dealing with the aftermath of a marital separation. ‘ The theme of how to deal with change’as it materializes in the discussions during therapy is selected for detailed examination in this paper. It is argued that there are two main discourses on this theme evident in the family's discussions, one being that the separation has occurred and its consequences should now he left to arise naturally; the other being that the effects of the separation need to be actively managed. It is suggested that this analytic procedure can dramatize the subtle changes in family discourses during therapy; its limitations in terms of generalizability, and the difficulties of dealing with huge amounts of complex material, are also noted.
Does Diversification Improve Bank Efficiency ?

In 1952, Nobel Laureate Harry Markowitz, . , demonstrated mathematically why putting all your eggs in one basket is an unacceptably risky strategy and why diversification is the nearest an investor or business manager can ever come to a free lunch. That revelation touched off the intellectual movement that revolutionized Wall Street, corporate finance, and business decisions around the world; its effects are still being felt today.
Narratives of practice and the construction of identity in teaching

The importance of the concept of professional identity lies in its relationship to professional knowledge and action, but these links are complex. A traditional notion of identity is of something essential about ourselves, a fixed and stable core of ‘self’. More recently, however, identity has been seen as an ongoing and performative process in which individuals draw on diverse resources to construct selves. This process is seen as emerging in and through narratives of practice. This paper, based on research into teachers’ professional identities in relation to behaviour management, presents a narrative analysis showing how ‘Dan’ draws on available resources to construct himself as a teacher and how this process is shaped by the institutions in which he is situated.
Some debates and challenges in the literature on action learning: the state of the art since Revans

Action learning has travelled in some new directions and become an evolving practice since Revans first articulated his great idea. This paper focuses on some key challenges in the literature, some of which relate to these more recent directions in theory and practice. In particular, we consider the persistent problem of defining action learning and the varieties in practice which are in evidence, the nature of ‘action’ in action learning and the developing theory and practice of critical action learning as contrasted with the ‘classical’ approach to action learning. These debates are chosen for consideration here because they appear to strike at the heart of what action learning is for and because they are in evidence across a range of action learning literature. Some implications of these debates for human resource development (HRD) are also considered, including the potential action learning has for making a contribution to organizational learning, especially in treating ‘wicked’ problems and ill-structured challenges.
The Intergenerational Transmission of Spouse Abuse: A Meta‐Analysis

This study uses meta-analytic procedures to examine the relationship between growing up in a violent home and subsequently becoming part of a violent marital relationship. Our meta-analysis examines published and unpublished research studies that investigate the relationship between witnessing or experiencing family violence in childhood and receiving or perpetrating violence in an adult heterosexual cohabiting or marital relationship. The findings of this meta-analysis suggest there is a weak-to-moderate relationship between growing up in an abusive family and becoming involved in a violent marital relationship. Differential effects of gender and sample type are also discussed.
Language choice as a significant aspect of talk organization: The orderliness of language alternation

A common assumption in research on talk, especially in research on talk among bilingual speakers, is that people speak languages. This assumption leads to a serious issue of the orderliness of language alternation among bilingual speakers, of the possibility of conducting a conversational activity in two languages. To account for the orderliness of this type of talk, most researchers (e.g., Gumperz 1982, Myers-Scotton 1993b) have tended to focus on the symbolic dimension of language and argued that language alternation is not random for it is socioculturally significant. While language alternation does indeed have a symbolic dimension, it is also an instance of practical action and it is on this level that issues of its feasibility arise. As a consequence, another tradition of research (e.g., Auer 1984, 1988, 1995), which investigates talk among bilingual speakers as an instance of practical action, is fast developing. The problem with this tradition is that, drawing on the concept of language as an analytical tool, it can account only for some instances of language alternation. Therefore, this article comes in the thrust of this second research perspective and suggests ways of overcoming that difficulty. More specifically, the article argues for the need to suspend the concept of language, to see talk as an orderly activity and language choice as a significant aspect of that order. it argues that the concept of medium of an interactional episode, rather than that of language, can allow the analyst to account for the orderliness of language alternation, for the possibility of conducting a conversation in two languages.
Image Matting with Local and Nonlocal Smooth Priors

In this paper we propose a novel alpha matting method with local and nonlocal smooth priors. We observe that the manifold preserving editing propagation [4] essentially introduced a nonlocal smooth prior on the alpha matte. This nonlocal smooth prior and the well known local smooth prior from matting Laplacian complement each other. So we combine them with a simple data term from color sampling in a graph model for nature image matting. Our method has a closed-form solution and can be solved efficiently. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our method produces more accurate results according to the evaluation on standard benchmark datasets.
Consistency and reliability of the auditory vocal hallucination rating scale (AVHRS)

Dear Editor Assessing characteristics of auditory vocal hallucinations (AVH) is a key issue in psychiatric clinical practice and research. Recently, a review of assessment tools for AVH has been published (Ratcliff et al. 2011), describing two structured interviews and eight selfreport instruments. Meanwhile, the auditory vocal hallucinations rating scale (AVHRS) (Jenner & Van de Willige, 2002) developed since 1996 has been used in adolescent and adult patient research (Van de Willige et al. 1996; Jenner & Van de Willige, 2001) and in research on non-clinical children (Bartels-Velthuis et al. 2010, 2011, 2012). We examined the consistency, the inter-rater reliability and the discriminative power of the AVHRS.
Liminality and in/exclusion: exploring the work of teaching assistants

This is an exploratory study concerned with understanding the role and experiences of teaching assistants (TAs) within primary schools. The analysis suggests that TAs are constructed within a policy discourse that tends to posit their role as peripheral to teaching and learning. I offer an alternative account, deploying a concept of liminality which acknowledges the creative, open, ambiguous and ambivalent nature of the TA’s role. My argument is supported by an interpretation of data drawn from a small qualitative study of TAs within two selected multi‐ethnic inner‐city schools. It draws attention to the boundary work of TAs, both within schools and between the inside and outsides, the schools and their wider social and cultural contexts, which is important in understanding processes of in/exclusion within schools and the TAs’ contributions, both overt and hidden.
Effect of Nutrient Restriction and Re-Feeding on Calpain Family Genes in Skeletal Muscle of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

Background Calpains, a superfamily of intracellular calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, are involved in the cytoskeletal remodeling and wasting of skeletal muscle. Calpains are generated as inactive proenzymes which are activated by N-terminal autolysis induced by calcium-ions. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we characterized the full-length cDNA sequences of three calpain genes, clpn1, clpn2, and clpn3 in channel catfish, and assessed the effect of nutrient restriction and subsequent re-feeding on the expression of these genes in skeletal muscle. The clpn1 cDNA sequence encodes a protein of 704 amino acids, Clpn2 of 696 amino acids, and Clpn3 of 741 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis of deduced amino acid sequences indicate that catfish Clpn1 and Clpn2 share a sequence similarity of 61%; catfish Clpn1 and Clpn3 of 48%, and Clpn2 and Clpn3 of only 45%. The domain structure architectures of all three calpain genes in channel catfish are similar to those of other vertebrates, further supported by strong bootstrap values during phylogenetic analyses. Starvation of channel catfish (average weight, 15–20 g) for 35 days influenced the expression of clpn1 (2.3-fold decrease, P<0.05), clpn2 (1.3-fold increase, P<0.05), and clpn3 (13.0-fold decrease, P<0.05), whereas the subsequent refeeding did not change the expression of these genes as measured by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Calpain catalytic activity in channel catfish skeletal muscle showed significant differences only during the starvation period, with a 1.2- and 1.4- fold increase (P<0.01) after 17 and 35 days of starvation, respectively. Conclusion/Significance We have assessed that fasting and refeeding may provide a suitable experimental model to provide us insight into the role of calpains during fish muscle atrophy and how they respond to changes in nutrient supply.
Deadlock avoidance for free choice Multi-Reentrant Flow Lines: Critical Siphons & Critical Subsystems

This paper has two contributions. First, we present an analysis of deadlock avoidance for a generalized case of multi reentrant flow line systems (MRF) called the free choice multi reentrant flow line systems (FMRF). In FMRF, some tasks have multiple resource choices; hence routing decisions have to be made and current results in deadlock avoidance do not hold. This analysis is based on the so-called circular waits (CW) of the resources in the system. For FMRF, the well known notions of critical siphons and critical subsystems must be generalized and we redefine these objects for such systems. Our second contribution provides a matrix formulation that efficiently computes the objects required for deadlock avoidance. A MAXWIP dispatching policy is formulated for deadlock avoidance in FMRF systems. According to this policy, deadlock in FMRF is avoided by limiting the work in progress (WIP) in the critical subsystems of each CW. A main contribution of this paper is a matrix formulation for direct and efficient computation of Petri net objects.
Stratospheric polar warming by ENSO in winter: A statistical study

Applying Linear Discriminant Analysis on 47 years of NCEP stratospheric temperature data from 1959 to 2005, we find that the warm‐ENSO (“El Niño”) years are significantly warmer also in the stratosphere at the Northern Hemisphere polar and midlatitudes than the cold‐ENSO (“La Niña”) years, during winter. Specifically, the zonal mean, December‐February mean, 10–50 hPa mean temperature, when projected onto the coherent spatial structure that best distinguishes the two ENSO groups, classified according to the equatorial Pacific‐ocean Cold Tongue Index, is 4°K warmer in the polar stratosphere in the warm‐ENSO mean than in the cold‐ENSO mean. The difference is statistically significant at above the 95% confidence level. This is the first time statistical significance has been established for ENSO's influence on the polar stratosphere. A surprising result is that the ENSO perturbation to the polar stratosphere is comparable in magnitude to the better‐known QBO perturbation, which is 3.8°K between easterly QBO mean and the westerly QBO mean.
Effect of the Number of Pre-Utilization Functions on Functional Fixedness in Problem Solving

Functional fixedness is essentially a particular species of set or Einstellung wherein it becomes difficult to use an object in a new and unusual way because of prior experience with it within a specialized and habitual functional context. The available handful of investigations of the functional fixedness effect were conducted within one or the other of two major methodological paradigms. The earlier one, historically, is the "one-object" paradigm. Here, two groups are typically given a problem to solve, the principal difficulty of which lies in the fact that a familiar object must be used in a radically non-specialized way in order to solve the problem
Complementary Analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteome by Two-dimensional Electrophoresis and Isotope-coded Affinity Tag Technology *

Classical proteomics combined two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) for the separation and quantification of proteins in a complex mixture with mass spectrometric identification of selected proteins. More recently, the combination of liquid chromatography (LC), stable isotope tagging, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has emerged as an alternative quantitative proteomics technology. We have analyzed the proteome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a major human pathogen comprising about 4,000 genes, by (i) 2-DE and mass spectrometry (MS) and by (ii) the isotope-coded affinity tag (ICAT) reagent method and MS/MS. The data obtained by either technology were compared with respect to their selectivity for certain protein types and classes and with respect to the accuracy of quantification. Initial datasets of 60,000 peptide MS/MS spectra and 1,800 spots for the ICAT-LC/MS and 2-DE/MS methods, respectively, were reduced to 280 and 108 conclusively identified and quantified proteins, respectively. ICAT-LC/MS showed a clear bias for high Mr proteins and was complemented by the 2-DE/MS method, which showed a preference for low Mr proteins and also identified cysteine-free proteins that were transparent to the ICAT-LC/MS method. Relative quantification between two strains of the M. tuberculosis complex also revealed that the two technologies provide complementary quantitative information; whereas the ICAT-LC/MS method quantifies the sum of the protein species of one gene product, the 2-DE/MS method quantifies at the level of resolved protein species, including post-translationally modified and processed polypeptides. Our data indicate that different proteomic technologies applied to the same sample provide complementary types of information that contribute to a more complete understanding of the biological system studied.