Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond extended dynamical mean-field theory: Dual boson approach to the two-dimensional extended hubbard model

The dual boson approach [Ann. Phys. 327, 1320 (2012)] provides a means to construct a diagrammatic expansion around the extended dynamical mean-field theory (EDMFT). In this paper, we present the numerical implementation of the approach and apply it to the extended Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor interaction $V$. We calculate the EDMFT phase diagram and study the effect of diagrams beyond EDMFT on the transition to the charge-ordered phase. Including diagrammatic corrections to the EDMFT polarization shifts the EDMFT phase boundary to lower values of $V$. The approach interpolates between the random phase approximation in the weak coupling limit and EDMFT for strong coupling. Neglecting vertex corrections leads to results reminiscent of the EDMFT+$GW$ approximation. We however find significant deviations from the dual boson results already for small values of the interaction, emphasizing the crucial importance of fermion-boson vertex corrections.
Long‐term trends in sunshine duration over Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau in Southwest China for 1961–2005

Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau (YGP), a low latitude highland region, covers the two provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou in Southwest China, where a cooling trend in the annual mean surface air temperature since the mid‐20th century was reported as a notable phenomenon of regional climate against the global warming. In this study on the regional climate, we applied the data of sunshine duration and cloud amount from 184 stations across the YGP from year 1961 to 2005. It was found that, over this 45 year period, annual sunshine duration decreased mostly north of 24°N on the YGP with the negative trends reaching −11.8% per decade, while during the same period it increased with the positive trends reaching +3.5% per decade at the stations concentrated on the southwestern YGP. An overall decline in annual sunshine duration over the northern YGP dramatically accelerated from the 1970s to 80s with its maximum rate in the 1980s, but has remarkably decelerated since the 1990s so that going into the 21st century the annual sunshine duration has ceased or even reversed its downward tendency. The evolution of annual mean cloud amount on the YGP was shown to be insignificant and even in decline over the 45 years, exerting less of an influence on the decreasing trends in the annual sunshine duration. The consistent patterns of sunshine duration trends and surface temperature changes on the YGP support the hypothesis that aerosol loading in the atmosphere could be involved in the surface cooling trend.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-a ! Downregulates Protein S Secretion in Human Microvascular and Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells But Not in the HepG-2 Hepatoma Cell Line

Protein S deficiency, which is associated with thrombosis, can either be inherited or acquired. Recently, we reported that a decrease in free protein S was observed in 19 of 25 persons with HIV/AIDS. The proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), has been reported to be elevated in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and has been shown to induce a procoagulant state on the surface of endothelial cells. We report here that recombinant TNF-a (rTNF-a) downregulated protein S synthesis in the SV-4OT transfected human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) model system by approximately 70% and in primary human umbilical vein and dermal microvascular endothelial cell cultures by approximately 50%. Using the HMEC1 model, Northern blot analysis showed a decrease in protein S RNA at 24 hours that was corroborated by Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline.

OBJECTIVE The aim was to update the guidelines for the management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum published previously in 2007. A summary of changes between the 2007 and 2012 version is identified in the Supplemental Data (published on The Endocrine Society's Journals Online web site at http://jcem.endojournals.org). EVIDENCE This evidence-based guideline was developed according to the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force, grading items level A, B, C, D, or I, on the basis of the strength of evidence and magnitude of net benefit (benefits minus harms) as well as the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to describe both the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. CONSENSUS PROCESS The guideline was developed through a series of e-mails, conference calls, and one face-to-face meeting. An initial draft was prepared by the Task Force, with the help of a medical writer, and reviewed and commented on by members of The Endocrine Society, Asia and Oceania Thyroid Association, and the Latin American Thyroid Society. A second draft was reviewed and approved by The Endocrine Society Council. At each stage of review, the Task Force received written comments and incorporated substantive changes. CONCLUSIONS Practice guidelines are presented for diagnosis and treatment of patients with thyroid-related medical issues just before and during pregnancy and in the postpartum interval. These include evidence-based approaches to assessing the cause of the condition, treating it, and managing hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, gestational hyperthyroidism, thyroid autoimmunity, thyroid tumors, iodine nutrition, postpartum thyroiditis, and screening for thyroid disease. Indications and side effects of therapeutic agents used in treatment are also presented.
The "neutral" community structure of planktonic herbivores, tintinnid ciliates of the microzooplankton, across the SE Tropical Pacific Ocean

Abstract. We assessed the community characteristics of a group of planktonic herbivores across a species-rich area, the SE Pacific Ocean. A series of 22 stations between the Marquise Islands (7° S 142° W) and the coast of Chile (35° S 73° W) was sampled during the BIOSOPE cruise in 2004. We examined the relationships between taxonomic diversity, morphological diversity, patterns of tintinnid species assemblage, and phytoplankton abundance. Tintinnid community characteristics were estimated from large volume (20–60 l) discrete depth sampling and phytoplankton were characterized based on HPLC pigment signatures. Across the transect, average water column concentrations of tintinnids ranged from 2–40 cells l−1 or 8–40 ng C l−1, and were positively related to chlorophyll a concentrations which varied between 0.07–2 µg l−1. Large numbers of tintinnid taxa were found, 18–41 species per station, yielding a total of 149 species. Among stations, morphological and taxonomic diversity metrics co-varied but were not significantly related to phytoplankton diversity estimated using a pigment-based size-diversity metric. Taxonomic diversity of tintinnids, as H' or Fishers' alpha, was inversely related to chlorophyll concentration and positively to the depth of the chlorophyll maximum layer. Species abundance distributions were compared to geometric, log-series and log-normal distributions. For most stations, the observed distribution most closely matched log-series, coherent with the neutral theory of random colonization from a large species pool. Occurrence rates of species were correlated with average abundance rather than specific characteristics of biomass or lorica oral diameter (mouth) size. Among stations, species richness was correlated with both the variety of mouth sizes (lorica oral diameters) as well as numbers of species per mouth size, also consistent with random colonization.
Blind Symbol Synchronization for OFDM Systems Using Cyclic Prefix in Time-Variant and Long-Echo Fading Channels

In this paper, blind symbol synchronization for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems based on the cyclic prefix (CP), considering time-variant long-echo fading channels, is introduced. The basic idea of our contribution is to obtain an estimate of channel-tap powers using the correlation characteristics of the CP. The maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation of the correlation characteristics is derived and employed for channel-tap power estimation. An intersymbol-interference (ISI) metric is minimized using the estimate of channel-tap powers. The metric, which is based on the statistical properties of received samples, turns the mobility factor into a coefficient, which can be simply compensated. The metric is suitable for both short- and long-echo channels. The performance is analyzed. The proposed algorithm has moderate complexity. Simulations confirm the advantages of the proposed estimator.
Effects of Ohmic Heating on Denaturation of Whey Proteins Solutions : Influence on Whey-Derived Products

Ohmic heating is one of the earliest applications of electricity in thermal processing of food and is receiving increased attention because of its uniform heating of liquids with faster heating rates, which presumably enables obtaining products of a superior quality to those processed by conventional heating technologies. Given the biochemical structure of proteins, it is expectable that ohmic heating and its moderate electric fields will influence their properties and hence their behavior. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of moderate electric fields on denaturation and aggregation of whey proteins and its subsequent effects in whey-derived products. Results presented here show that ohmic heating led to lower whey protein denaturation at the early stages of heating, kinetically traduced by lower values of n and k, when compared to those from conventional heating (p < 0.05) under equivalent heating rate and holding times. Furthermore, whey protein aggregation (measured by dynamic light scattering in terms of aggregate size) was found to decrease with the presence of moderate electric fields applied during ohmic heating at 85 oC, up to 30 min. Edible films prepared from ohmic heated film forming solutions present a decrease of water vapor permeability of 10%, when compared with films produced through conventional heating.
Comparative Performances of HIV-1 RNA Load Assays at Low Viral Load Levels: Results of an International Collaboration

ABSTRACT Low-level viremia during antiretroviral therapy and its accurate measurement are increasingly relevant. Here, we present an international collaboration of 4,221 paired blood plasma viral load (pVL) results from four commercial assays, emphasizing the data with low pVL. The assays compared were the Abbott RealTime assay, the Roche Amplicor assay, and the Roche TaqMan version 1 and version 2 assays. The correlation between the assays was 0.90 to 0.97. However, at a low pVL, the correlation fell to 0.45 to 0.85. The observed interassay concordance was higher when detectability was defined as 200 copies/ml than when it was defined as 50 copies/ml. A pVL of ∼100 to 125 copies/ml by the TaqMan version 1 and version 2 assays corresponded best to a 50-copies/ml threshold with the Amplicor assay. Correlation and concordance between the viral load assays were lower at a low pVL. Clear guidelines are needed on the clinical significance of low-level viremia.
Triangular arbitrage in foreign exchange rate forecasting markets

The non-existence of triangular arbitrage in an efficient foreign exchange markets is widely believed. In this paper, we deploy a forecasting model to predict foreign exchange rates and apply the triangular arbitrage model to evaluate the possibility of an arbitrage opportunity. Surprisingly, we substantiate the existence of triangular arbitrage opportunities in the exchange rate forecasting market even with transaction costs. This also implies the inefficiency of the market and potential market threats of profit-seeking investors. In our experiments, neural network based model with back-propagation (BP-NN) is used for exchange rate forecasting.
Caries experience and treatment needs in a 6- to 12-year-old urban population in relation to socio-economic status.

OBJECTIVE To report caries experience in the permanent dentition among Mexico City elementary school children and undertakes a comparative analysis of dental caries experience and treatment needs of children of different socio-economic status (SES). RESEARCH DESIGN SES was established according to an official measure of economic well-being, that of the family income being high enough to allow the child to attend school in a private institution as opposed to a public school. PARTICIPANTS A probabilistic sample of 4,048 6- to 12-year-old children (47.2% females) was examined using the 1987 WHO caries criteria (546 attended private schools and 3,502 were public school children). RESULTS The proportion of caries-free 12-year-old children was 28.6% and 9.5% in the private and public schools, respectively (P < 0.01). In 12-year-old children, DMFT was 2.78 (SD 2.9) and 4.64 (SD 3.2) in the private and public school groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Higher treatment needs were found among public schoolchildren (TN = 83.0%) compared with private schoolchildren (TN = 27.6%) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Dental caries and treatment needs were considerably higher in children of lower SES. Differences in dietary patterns and toothpaste use could be the more likely explanations for these findings, indicating markedly unequal burdens of disease according to socio-economic status. Special efforts should be developed to improve the oral health status in Mexico City children by implementing preventive health promotion and treatment programmes.
Kiputz IX: Un Conjunto Singular de Bisonte Estepario (Bison priscus Bojanus, 1827) del Pleistoceno Superior de la Península Ibérica

Abstract. KIPUTZ IX: A UNIQUE ASSEMBLAGE OF STEPPE BISON (BISON PRISCUS BOJANUS, 1827) REMAINS FROM THE UPPER PLEISTOCENE OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA. Kiputz IX is an upper Pleistocene site that has provided the richest set of steppe bison remains in the Iberian Peninsula. This paper provides a metric study of the postcranial skeleton of 18 individuals that conform this tafocenosis. The comparison with other European sets, near in space and time, allows the attribution of this material to the subspecies Bison priscus mediator Hilzheimer. The robustness index of the metacarpus diaphysis indicates the existence of a clear sexual dimorphism and a balance between sexes within the sample. The stage of dental substitution makes evident that the sample is dominated by juvenile and subadult specimens, with a low proportion of adult individuals. The absolute chronology of the remains and its association with an important sample of reindeer confirm that the preferential biotope of this species was the steppe. The bison sample from Kiputz IX constitutes a good basis for comparative studies of large bovid populations from middle and upper Pleistocene of Europe.
8;21 translocation in acute granulocytic leukaemia: cytological, cytochemical and clinical features

Summary. Thirty patients with the 8;21 translocation and three with closely related variants have been studied. Ages ranged from 3 to 64 years (mean 28±3). Thirty‐one were entered into the MRC's 8th Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Trial. Twenty‐nine (88%) achieved complete remission. Marrow smears from most patients showed granulocytic maturation (M2, FAB classification) with characteristic abnormalities, but at least six showed predominantly myeloblastic (M1) morphology. The blast cells were markedly heterogeneous with regard to size and nuclear cytoplasmic ratio. Typical staining patterns were observed in the blast cells using Sudan black B and diaminobenzidine peroxidase stains, and to a lesser extent with periodic acid‐Schiff and chloroacetate esterase. Butyrate esterase was negative in all cases. Auer rods were present in the granulocyte precursors in 31 cases and in eosinophil precursors in two cases. In most cases the existence of the translocation was predicted from the cytological and cytochemical findings. Seven patients developed solid leukaemic deposits, principally in the mastoid cavities, orbital cavities or thoracic spine (extradural).
Coordination of hypoxia adaptation and iron homeostasis in human pathogenic fungi

In mammals, hypoxia causes facilitated erythropoiesis that requires increased iron availability with established links between oxygen and iron in regulation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor. Therefore, cellular responses to hypoxia and iron starvation are linked in mammals and are host conditions that pathogens encounter during infection. In human pathogenic fungi, molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia adaptation and iron homeostasis have been investigated. However, the interconnected regulation of hypoxia adaptation and iron homeostasis remains to be fully elucidated. This review discusses the potential transcriptional regulatory links between hypoxia adaptation and iron homeostasis in human pathogenic fungi. Transcriptome analyses demonstrate that core regulators of hypoxia adaptation and iron homeostasis are involved in regulation of several common genes responsible for iron acquisition and ergosterol biosynthesis. Importantly, iron starvation increases susceptibility of fungal cells to antifungal drugs and decreased levels of ergosterol, while key hypoxia regulators are also involved in responses to antifungal drugs and mediating ergosterol levels. We suggest that pathogenic fungi have developed a coordinated regulatory system in response to hypoxia and iron starvation through (i) regulation of expression of hypoxia-responsive and iron-responsive genes via cross-linked key regulators, and/or (ii) regulation of factors involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. Thus, both oxygen and iron availability are intimately tied with fungal virulence and responses to existing therapeutics and further elucidation of their interrelationship should have significant clinical implications.
New palaeontological data from the excavation of the Late Glacial Glencrieff miring bone deposit, North Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand

The avifauna from the Glencrieff swamp deposit in North Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand, is described. Radiocarbon ages of moa bones bracket miring at the site to between 10,000 and 12,000 (uncalibrated) years BP. Heavy-footed moa (Pachyornis elephantopus) and eastern moa (Emeus crassus) dominated the moa assemblage at the site, while South Island giant moa (Dinornis robustus) and stout-legged moa (Euryapteryx curtus, formerly E. gravis (in part)) were rare. The total assemblage from the site consists of at least 1896 bones from 18 species of birds, of which nine are extinct and a further three locally extinct. In addition, we report on the discovery of the oldest known moa gizzard contents, the palynology of the Glencrieff deposit and comment on significant recent changes in site preservation conditions that are threatening the continued preservation of this significant fossil deposit.
Continuous hp Finite Elements Based on Generalized Eigenfunctions

In this paper we present a new class of hp finite elements for product and simplicial geometries in R based on generalized eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator. Due to simultaneous orthogonality of the generalized eigenfunctions under both the H 0 and L 2 products, such finite elements have outstanding conditioning properties for second order elliptic problems. Analysis is accompanied by numerical examples, including comparisons to other popular sets of higher-order shape functions for both hp and spectral elements. AMS subject classification: 35B50, 65N60
Pediatric distal humeral fractures and complications of treatment in Finland: a review of compensation claims from 1990 through 2010.

BACKGROUND The distal part of the humerus is the second most common fracture location in children. Complications are more common than with other pediatric fractures and are mostly related to inappropriate diagnosis and treatment. METHODS On the basis of data from 1990 through 2010 in the national registry of inpatient care treatment in Finland, we calculated the number of children less than seventeen years of age who were treated under anesthesia for a distal humeral fracture (reduction with or without internal fixation) and the number of treatment institutions. We analyzed compensation claims concerning the treatment of these fractures that were received by the Patient Insurance Centre. The risk of a complication of treatment and the number of avoidable complications of treatment were assessed. RESULTS A total of 7909 children underwent a procedure under anesthesia to treat a distal humeral fracture. Claims were filed for 117 patients (118 fractures, including seventy-four supracondylar, nineteen epicondylar, nineteen condylar, and six T-type), and compensation was granted for eighty-three (71%) of the patients. Deformity (forty-nine), delayed treatment (twenty), nerve injury (seventeen), and infection (seven) were the most common reasons for compensation. On reevaluation of the claims, ninety patients were assessed as having had complications of treatment. In our opinion, complications could have been avoided for eighty-six (96%) of these patients. CONCLUSIONS We believe that improving the quality of primary assessment and operative technique would decrease the number of complications in the treatment of pediatric distal humeral fractures. Centralizing operative treatment to tertiary hospitals should be considered.
Superhydrophobic resistance to dynamic freshwater biofouling inception

Superhydrophobic nanotextured surfaces have gained increased usage in various applications due to their non-wetting and self-cleaning abilities. The aim of this study was to investigate nanotextured surfaces with respect to their resistance to the inception of freshwater biofouling at transitional flow conditions. Several coatings were tested including industry standard polyurethane (PUR), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), capstone mixed polyurethane (PUR + CAP) and nanocomposite infused polyurethane (PUR + NC). Each surface was exposed to freshwater conditions in a lake at 4 m s−1 for a duration of 45 min. The polyurethane exhibited the greatest fouling elements, in terms of both height and number of elements, with the superhydrophobic nanocomposite based polyurethane (PUR + NC) showing very little to no fouling. A correlation between the surface characteristics and the degree of fouling inception was observed.
Influence of Incubation Time, Inoculum Size, and Glucose Concentrations on Spectrophotometric Endpoint Determinations for Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, and Itraconazole

ABSTRACT We addressed the influence of the incubation time (24 h versus 48 h), starting inoculum size (standard inoculum size, ∼103 CFU/ml, versus large inoculum size, ∼104 CFU/ml), and supplementation with 2% glucose of RPMI 1640 medium on the spectrophotometric determination of the MICs of amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole. We compared the MICs determined spectrophotometrically with those determined by the standard broth macrodilution method (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards approved guideline M27-A). The agreement between the results of the spectrophotometric and standard methods for amphotericin B testing was 100%; this agreement was independent of the inoculum size and incubation time. On the other hand, the agreement for the results for fluconazole testing and itraconazole testing was dependent on the inoculum size and incubation time. With large inoculum size, excellent agreement can be achieved at 24 h. With standard inoculum size, acceptable agreement can be achieved only at 48 h. In contrast to previous observations, the addition of 2% glucose did not have any significant impact on the growth density at 24 h, nor did it improve the agreement with the standard method. Furthermore, supplemental glucose might falsely elevate the MIC at 48 h.