Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
'True' fasting serum insulin level, insulin resistance syndrome and coronary artery disease

BackgroundIncreased fasting serum insulin level not associated with hypoglycemia is considered to be a practical indicator of the insulin resistance syndrome, a frequent risk factor for atherosclerosis in industrialized countries. However, in most studies, insulin was measured by using antibodies which cross-react with proinsulin and 31/32. 32/33 split products of insulin. We re-examined the correlations between the insulin resistance syndrome and 'true' fasting serum insulin level. MethodsWe studied 242 post-menopausal women (age 63 ± 8 years), a population in whom insulin resistance syndrome is particularly frequent. Serum insulin was measured by a recent specific microparticle immunoassay. ResultsThere was a significant correlation between elevated 'true' fasting serum insulin level and various constituents of the insulin resistance syndrome, such as obesity. dyslipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia, increased apolipoprotein B and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 concentrations), increased serum glucose, uric acid levels, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type I concentration, as well as increased frequency of diabetes There was also a correlation between insulin level and various manifestations of coronary artery disease. patients in the highest quartile of 'true' insulin level had significantly more entirely occluded coronary arteries than in the lowest one. Similarly, in the highest insulin quartile more patients had occluded arteries with lumen diameter stenoses greater than 50% (P < 0.05) and more of them had history of previous myocardial infarction approaching the level of significance (P=0.0587) than in the lowest one. Most of these correlations were also noted in nondiabetic people. ConclusionsAn increase of 'true' fasting serum insulin level is a useful practical index to identify patients with the insulin resistance syndrome exposed to increased risk of coronary artery disease.
Delay-Optimal Probabilistic Scheduling for Low-Complexity Wireless Links With Fixed Modulation and Coding: A Cross-Layer Design

A fundamental trade-off lies between the average queueing delay and the power consumption when transmitting stochastically arriving data over a fading channel. Providing real-time services on low-energy-supply and low-complexity devices has attracted much attention from both academia and industry, for its extensive use in transportation, manufacturing, living, and so on. In this paper, we investigate a joint channel-and-buffer-aware probabilistic scheduling policy, which is generalized from conventional deterministic scheduling, in order to optimize the delay-power trade-off without paying the cost of high complexity. In particular, we focus on communication systems with a given fixed modulation and coding scheme, where power adaptation is adopted to compensate the bad channel state. We formulate a Markov reward process (MRP) to analyze the average delay and power consumption, based on which we minimize the average delay, given a certain power constraint via linear programming (LP). By solving the LP problem, optimal delay-power trade-off curves are obtained under a threshold-based scheduling policy.
The relationship between two types of impaired emotion processing: repressive coping and alexithymia

The constructs of repressive coping and alexithymia are both related to impaired emotion processing, yet individuals with a repressive coping style (repressors) score lower than controls on standard self-report measures of alexithymia. A large body of evidence indicates that repressors avoid negative affect. Therefore, the current study examined the relationship between repressive coping and alexithymia by using independently-rated interviews with the aim of bypassing repressors’ tendency of avoiding negative affect. Results showed that repressors scored high on alexithymia, similar to anxious individuals on the independently-rated interview, but scored low on alexithymia on a questionnaire measure. Our findings confirm a link between alexithymia and repressive coping and stress the need for non-standard measures in exploring the nature of the relationship between repressive coping and alexithymia.
Titan II: an IPcomp processor for 10-Gbps networks

Data compression techniques can alleviate low-bandwidth problems in multigigabit networks, and are especially useful when combined with encryption. The Titan II is a hardware compressor/decompressor core capable of speeds of up to 10 gigabits per second. Its compression algorithm is a variation of the Lempel-Ziv (LZ) algorithm that uses part of the previous input stream as the dictionary.
Instrumented Functional Reach Test Differentiates Individuals at High Risk for Parkinson’s Disease from Controls

The functional reach (FR) test as a complex measure of balance including limits of stability has been proven to differentiate between patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and controls (CO). Recently, it has been shown that the instrumentation of the FR (iFR) with a wearable sensor may increase this diagnostic accuracy. This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating whether the iFR has the potential to differentiate individuals with high risk for PD (HRPD) from CO, as the delineation of such individuals would allow for, e.g., early neuromodulation. Thirteen PD patients, 13 CO, and 31 HRPD were investigated. HRPD was defined by presence of an enlarged area of hyperechogenicity in the mesencephalon on transcranial sonography and either one motor sign or two risk and prodromal markers of PD. All participants were asked to reach with their right arm forward as far as possible and hold this position for 10 s. During this period, sway parameters were assessed with an accelerometer (Dynaport, McRoberts) worn at the lower back. Extracted parameters that differed significantly between PD patients and CO in our cohort [FR distance (shorter in PD), anterior–posterior and mediolateral acceleration (both lower in PD)] as well as JERK, which has been shown to differentiate HRPD from CO and PD in a previous study, were included in a model, which was then used to differentiate HRPD from CO. The model yielded an area under the curve of 0.77, with a specificity of 85%, and a sensitivity of 74%. These results suggest that the iFR can contribute to an assessment panel focusing on the definition of HRPD individuals.
Building phylogenetic trees from frequent subgraph mining techniques on reaction hypergraphs

Huge advances in experimental techniques have resulted in increasing amounts of biological network data being made available. Different kinds metabolic networks are just some of these. Analyzing the network topology of these metabolic networks across taxa can uncover important biological information that is independent of other currently available biological information. This study explores topological similarities between metabolic networks of different taxa to build phylogenetic trees. Similarities between graphs were determined using frequent subgraph mining techniques. Phylogenetic trees were then built based on the frequent subgraphs among reaction hypergraphs of different taxa. Experimental results show phylogenetic trees that bear a striking resemblance to those obtained from sequence comparisons.
The Eisenstein ideal in Hida''s ordinary Hecke algebra

For p ≥ 5 a prime and i 6≡ 0 (mod p − 1) let Tord par,(i) denote Hida’s ordinary Hecke algebra acting on the space of p-ordinary cusp forms of tame level one, arbitrary weight k, and tame nebentypus equal to ω(i−k) (where ω is the Teichmuller character). Let IEis denote the Eisenstein ideal in T ord par,(i) , that is, the ideal generated by the elements Tl − 1 − 〈l〉l−1 (for l a prime distinct from p) and the element Up− 1. Let Lp(ω, 1− s) denote the Kubota-Leopoldt p-adic L-function. In this note we give a simple proof of the fact that there is a canonical isomorphism Λ(i)/Lp(ω i, 1 − s) = Tord par,(i) /IEis (a result originally established in [10]) and use this isomorphism to give a direct proof of the main result of [9]. Our proof of the isomorphism depends on constructing a certain element in the full Hecke algebra T(i) which one can think of as being the “universal constant term” of a (not necessarily cuspidal) p-adic modular form.
Evaluating Data Filter on Cross-Project Defect Prediction: Comparison and Improvements

Cross-project defect prediction (CPDP) is a field of study where a software project lacking enough local data can use data from other projects to build defect predictors. To support CPDP, the cross-project data must be carefully filtered before being applied locally. Researchers have devised and implemented a plethora of various data filters for the improvement of CPDP performance. However, it is still unclear what data filter strategy is most effective, both generally and specifically, in CPDP. The objective of this paper is to provide an extensive comparison of well-known data filters and a novel filter devised in this paper. We perform experiments on 44 releases of 14 open-source projects, and use Naive Bayes and a support vector machine as the underlying classifier. The results demonstrate that the data filter strategy improves the performance of cross-project defect prediction significantly, and the hierarchical select-based filter proposed performs significantly better. Moreover, when using appropriate data filter strategy, the defect predictor built from cross-project data can outperform the predictor learned by using within-project data.
Dex-Net 2.0: Deep Learning to Plan Robust Grasps with Synthetic Point Clouds and Analytic Grasp Metrics

To reduce data collection time for deep learning of robust robotic grasp plans, we explore training from a synthetic dataset of 6.7 million point clouds, grasps, and analytic grasp metrics generated from thousands of 3D models from Dex-Net 1.0 in randomized poses on a table. We use the resulting dataset, Dex-Net 2.0, to train a Grasp Quality Convolutional Neural Network (GQ-CNN) model that rapidly predicts the probability of success of grasps from depth images, where grasps are specified as the planar position, angle, and depth of a gripper relative to an RGB-D sensor. Experiments with over 1,000 trials on an ABB YuMi comparing grasp planning methods on singulated objects suggest that a GQ-CNN trained with only synthetic data from Dex-Net 2.0 can be used to plan grasps in 0.8sec with a success rate of 93% on eight known objects with adversarial geometry and is 3x faster than registering point clouds to a precomputed dataset of objects and indexing grasps. The Dex-Net 2.0 grasp planner also has the highest success rate on a dataset of 10 novel rigid objects and achieves 99% precision (one false positive out of 69 grasps classified as robust) on a dataset of 40 novel household objects, some of which are articulated or deformable. Code, datasets, videos, and supplementary material are available at http://berkeleyautomation.github. io/dex-net .
Multiple sclerosis disease activity correlates with gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging provides a method of visualizing multiple sclerosis plaques, but the age and activity of these plaques cannot be determined with routine magnetic resonance images. Gadolinium DTPA is a paramagnetic contrast agent that does not cross an intact blood–brain barrier. We studied 16 patients with multiple sclerosis, using magnetic resonance imaging, gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomographic scans. Gadolinium enhancement of multiple sclerosis plaques correlated with the clinical activity of the disease and corresponded anatomically with the symptoms and signs. We conclude that gadolinium enhancement of magnetic resonance images is a promising tool in the investigation of multiple sclerosis lesions and that it may provide a method for objective follow‐up in clinical trials.
The impact and implications of the growth in residential user-to-user traffic

It has been reported worldwide that peer-to-peer traffic is taking up a significant portion of backbone networks. In particular, it is prominent in Japan because of the high penetration rate of fiber-based broadband access. In this paper, we first report aggregated traffic measurements collected over 21 months from seven ISPs covering 42% of the Japanese backbone traffic. The backbone is dominated by symmetric residential traffic which increased 37%in 2005. We further investigate residential per-customer trafficc in one of the ISPs by comparing DSL and fiber users, heavy-hitters and normal users, and geographic traffic matrices. The results reveal that a small segment of users dictate the overall behavior; 4% of heavy-hitters account for 75% of the inbound volume, and the fiber users account for 86%of the inbound volume. About 63%of the total residential volume is user-to-user traffic. The dominant applications exhibit poor locality and communicate with a wide range and number of peers. The distribution of heavy-hitters is heavy-tailed without a clear boundary between heavy-hitters and normal users, which suggests that users start playing with peer-to-peer applications, become heavy-hitters, and eventually shift from DSL to fiber. We provide conclusive empirical evidence from a large and diverse set of commercial backbone data that the emergence of new attractive applications has drastically affected traffic usage and capacity engineering requirements.
Rapid induction of apoptosis in B‐cell lymphoma by functionally isolated human antibodies

Novel panning and screening methodology was devised to isolate high affinity human recombinant scFv antibody fragments with functionally associated properties in B lymphoma cells. The approach was used to generate a panel of apoptosis‐inducing antibodies specific for antigens differentially expressed in B lymphoma vs. T leukaemia cells. The selections resulted in an antibody pool with near perfect selectivity (>99%) for the B lymphoma target cells. Randomly picked clones (72) revealed 7 unique antibody genotypes. Six of these rapidly induced apoptosis in target cells. Following the conversion to full IgGs, the antibodies were shown to be specific for HLA‐DR/DP, the B‐cell receptor μ chain and for CD54/ICAM‐1. The latter receptor was not previously associated with apoptotic properties in B‐cell lymphomas. Anti‐ICAM‐1 IgG induced apoptosis in a broad range of B lymphoma cell lines and were shown by immunohistochemistry to bind strongly to B lymphoma tissue obtained from 5 different B lymphoma patients. The recombinant IgG antibodies had affinities in the subnanomolar (0.3 nM) to nanomolar (3 nM) range. The described technology is generally applicable for the rapid isolation of high affinity human antibodies with specificity for differentially expressed cell surface receptors with intrinsic negative or positive signalling properties from naïve phage libraries. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Footprints of the sun: memory of UV and light stress in plants

Sunlight provides the necessary energy for plant growth via photosynthesis but high light and particular its integral ultraviolet (UV) part causes stress potentially leading to serious damage to DNA, proteins, and other cellular components. Plants show adaptation to environmental stresses, sometimes referred to as “plant memory. ” There is growing evidence that plants memorize exposure to biotic or abiotic stresses through epigenetic mechanisms at the cellular level. UV target genes such as CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) respond immediately to UV treatment and studies of the recently identified UV-B receptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) confirm the expedite nature of UV signaling. Considering these findings, an UV memory seems redundant. However, several lines of evidence suggest that plants may develop an epigenetic memory of UV and light stress, but in comparison to other abiotic stresses there has been relatively little investigation. Here we summarize the state of knowledge about acclimation and adaptation of plants to UV light and discuss the possibility of chromatin based epigenetic memory.
Microstructured Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring Applications

We first shortly review the state-of-the-art of microstructured optical fiber Bragg grating (MOFBG) sensors for structural health monitoring applications. We then focus on a specific microstructured optical fiber (MOF) design to which we refer as OButterflyO MOF. This fiber is highly birefringent and encodes the transverse strain into the spectral distance between the two Bragg peaks reflected by a fiber Bragg grating fabricated in this fiber. Since the birefringence of that MOF is not sensitive to temperature changes, the transverse strain measurement is independent of temperature variations. We subsequently discuss the potential of our MOFBG sensors for structural health monitoring related applications, including three-dimensional strain measurements within composite materials, cure monitoring and residual strain quantification following composite material manufacturing, shear stress measurements in lap joints and temperature insensitive vibration monitoring.
Reducing Features to Improve Code Change-Based Bug Prediction

Machine learning classifiers have recently emerged as a way to predict the introduction of bugs in changes made to source code files. The classifier is first trained on software history, and then used to predict if an impending change causes a bug. Drawbacks of existing classifier-based bug prediction techniques are insufficient performance for practical use and slow prediction times due to a large number of machine learned features. This paper investigates multiple feature selection techniques that are generally applicable to classification-based bug prediction methods. The techniques discard less important features until optimal classification performance is reached. The total number of features used for training is substantially reduced, often to less than 10 percent of the original. The performance of Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers when using this technique is characterized on 11 software projects. Naive Bayes using feature selection provides significant improvement in buggy F-measure (21 percent improvement) over prior change classification bug prediction results (by the second and fourth authors [28]). The SVM's improvement in buggy F-measure is 9 percent. Interestingly, an analysis of performance for varying numbers of features shows that strong performance is achieved at even 1 percent of the original number of features.
Loss of Mecp2 in Substantia Nigra Dopamine Neurons Compromises the Nigrostriatal Pathway

Mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) result in Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked disorder that disrupts neurodevelopment. Girls with RTT exhibit motor deficits similar to those in Parkinson's disease, suggesting defects in the nigrostriatal pathway. This study examined age-dependent changes in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) from wild-type, presymptomatic, and symptomatic Mecp2+/− mice. Mecp2+ neurons in the SN in Mecp2+/− mice were indistinguishable in morphology, resting conductance, and dopamine current density from neurons in wild-type mice. However, the capacitance, total dendritic length, and resting conductance of Mecp2− neurons were less than those of Mecp2+ neurons as early as 4 weeks after birth, before overt symptoms. These differences were maintained throughout life. In symptomatic Mecp2+/− mice, the current induced by activation of D2 dopamine autoreceptors was significantly less in Mecp2− neurons than in Mecp2+ neurons, although D2 receptor density was unaltered in Mecp2+/− mice. Electrochemical measurements revealed that significantly less dopamine was released after stimulation of striatum in adult Mecp2+/− mice compared to wild type. The decrease in size and function of Mecp2− neurons observed in adult Mecp2+/− mice was recapitulated in dopamine neurons from symptomatic Mecp2−/y males. These results show that mutation in Mecp2 results in cell-autonomous defects in the SN early in life and throughout adulthood. Ultimately, dysfunction in terminal dopamine release and D2 autoreceptor-dependent currents in dopamine neurons from symptomatic females support the idea that decreased dopamine transmission due to heterogeneous Mecp2 expression contributes to the parkinsonian features of RTT in Mecp2+/− mice.
The AOSpine North America Geriatric Odontoid Fracture Mortality Study

Study Design. Retrospective, multicenter cohort study. Objective. Assess for differences in short- and long-term mortality between operative and nonoperative treatment for elderly patients with type II odontoid fractures. Summary of Background Data. There is controversy regarding whether operative or nonoperative management is the best treatment for elderly patients with type II odontoid fractures. Methods. This is a retrospective study of consecutive patients aged 65 years or older with type II odontoid fracture from 3 level I trauma centers from 2003–2009. Demographics, comorbidities, and treatment were abstracted from medical records. Mortality outcomes were obtained from medical records and a public database. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results. A total of 322 patients were included (mean age, 81.8 yr; range, 65.0–101.5 yr). Compared with patients treated nonoperatively (n = 157), patients treated operatively (n = 165) were slightly younger (80.4 vs. 83.2 yr, P = 0.0014), had a longer hospital (15.0 vs. 7.4 d, P < 0.001) and intensive care unit (1.5 vs. 1.1 d, P = 0.008) stay, and were more likely to receive a feeding tube (18% vs. 5%, P = 0.0003). Operative and nonoperative treatment groups had similar sex distribution (P = 0.94) and Charlson comorbidity index (P = 0.11). Within 30 days of presentation, 14% of patients died, and at maximal follow-up (average = 2.05 yr; range = 0 d–7.02 yr), 44% had died. On multivariate analysis, nonoperative treatment was associated with higher 30-day mortality (HR = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.51–5.94, P = 0.0017), after adjusting for age (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.05–1.14; P < 0.0001), male sex (P = 0.69), and Charlson comorbidity index (P = 0.16). At maximal follow-up, there was a trend toward higher mortality associated with nonoperative treatment (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.97–1.89, P = 0.079), after adjusting for age (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.05–1.10; P < 0.0001), male sex (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.10–2.16; P = 0.012), and Charlson comorbidity index (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.16–1.40; P < 0.0001). Conclusion. Surgical treatment of type II odontoid fracture in this elderly population did not negatively impact survival, even after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities. The data suggest a significant 30-day survival advantage and a trend toward improved longer-term survival for operatively treated over nonoperatively treated patients. Level of Evidence: 4