Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Off-the-Shelf Cultural Symbols

Abstract One hundred and ninety-one British, 71 Greek and 91 people of differing nationalities were exposed to three print advertisements for a cold and influenza remedy and three advertisements for the services of an accommodation agency. The first advertisement for each product was taken directly from a newspaper; the second and third respectively added to this advertisement pictures of (a) a relevant, and (b) an irrelevant mythological character. Respondents' cognitive, affective and conative reactions to the six advertisements were then assessed.
Optimal importance density for position location problem with non-Gaussian noise

State-space representation of positioning problems has enabled the use of particle filters to probabilistically estimate the location from the noisy sensor measurements. However, in particle filtering, the choice of the motion and sensor models, as well as the importance density used, are crucial for a good approximation. In this work, we have used Gaussian Mixtures to model the prior and likelihood densities, as they can be used for a wide range of distributions and can capture the multimodality of the densities. Additionally, with GMM prior and likelihood densities, we were able to evaluate and use the Optimal Importance Density for particle filters, which resolves the degeneracy of particles and sample impoverishment. We have provided simulation results based on field measurements to illustrate the validity of our models and the improvements made by using our proposed importance density.
HIV‐associated chronic immune activation

Systemic chronic immune activation is considered today as the driving force of CD4+ T‐cell depletion and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A residual chronic immune activation persists even in HIV‐infected patients in which viral replication is successfully inhibited by anti‐retroviral therapy, with the extent of this residual immune activation being associated with CD4+ T‐cell loss. Unfortunately, the causal link between chronic immune activation and CD4+ T‐cell loss has not been formally established. This article provides first a brief historical overview on how the perception of the causative role of immune activation has changed over the years and lists the different kinds of immune activation characteristic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The mechanisms proposed to explain the chronic immune activation are multiple and are enumerated here, as well as the mechanisms proposed on how chronic immune activation could lead to AIDS. In addition, we summarize the lessons learned from natural hosts that know how to ‘show AIDS the door’, and discuss how these studies informed the design of novel immune modulatory interventions that are currently being tested. Finally, we review the current approaches aimed at targeting chronic immune activation and evoke future perspectives.
Even with time, conflict adaptation is not made of expectancies

In conflict tasks, congruency effects are modulated by the sequence of preceding trials. This modulation has been interpreted as a strategic reconfiguration of cognitive control, depending on the amount of conflict encountered on the very last trial, and occurring unconditionally whenever there is time to produce it (Notebaert et al., 2006). Jiménez and Méndez (2013) arranged a 4-choice Stroop task with a response-to-stimulus interval (RSI) of 0 ms, and they found that, under these conditions, congruency effects may become dissociated from the explicit expectancies assessed over analogous, but independent, trials. The present study generalizes this phenomenon to a condition with larger RSI, and it shows that participants’ performance does not rely on expectancies unless the task includes a specific requirement to generate and report on these expectancies. The results are interpreted as providing new insights with respect to the status of conflict adaptation effects.
A Fickian diffusion transport process with features of transport catalysis. Doxorubicin transport in human red blood cells

The transport of the antineoplastic drug doxorubicin (Adriamycin) in human red blood cells was investigated by measuring the net efflux from loaded cells. Previous data indicated that doxorubicin transport was a Fickian diffusion transport process of the electrically neutral molecule through the lipid domain of the cell membrane (Dalmark, 1981 [In press]). However, doxorubicin transport showed saturation kinetics and a concentration-dependent temperature dependence with nonlinear Arrhenius plots. The two phenomena were related to the doxorubicin partition coefficient between 1-octanol and a water phase. This relationship indicated that the two phenomena were caused by changes in the physiochemical properties of doxorubicin in the aqueous phase and were not caused by interaction of doxorubicin with cell membrane components. The physicochemical properties of doxorubicin varied with concentration and temperature because of the ability of doxorubicin to form polymers by self-association in aqueous solution like other planar aromatic molecules through pi-electron orbital interaction. The hypothesis is proposed that doxorubicin transport across cell membranes takes place by simple Fickian diffusion.
Measuring Competition: Inconsistent definitions, inconsistent results.

There is a developing literature examining how charter schools, through the effects of competition, impact performance in public school districts and district-run public schools, also known as the second-level effects of competition. What follows is an examination of how competition is measured in this literature that offers a critique of existing approaches to that measurement. Findings in these studies are problematized by inconsistent findings in other, similar studies; inconsistencies which may be due to inconsistent definitions and metrics of competition. I suggest a more specific definition of competition and suggest that other disciplines may offer guidance in the pursuit of a more consistent measurement of competitive effects.
Generation of χ(2) solitons from the Airy wave through the parametric instability.

Spontaneous creation of solitons in quadratic media by the downconversion (i.e., parametric instability against the generation of fundamental-frequency excitations) from the truncated Airy-wave (AW) mode in the second-harmonic component is studied. Parameter regions are identified for the generation of one, two, and three solitons, with additional small-amplitude "jets. " Shares of the total power carried by individual solitons are found. Also considered are soliton patterns generated by the downconversion from a pair of AWs bending in opposite directions.
An Analysis of the Working Memory Capacity Paradox

In the literature on working memory (WM), a paradox exists according to which very similar memory tasks provide support for very different estimates of working memory capacity. The current paper analyses the conflicting estimates of a capacity of 4+/-1 with a capacity of 1. To this end a dynamic process model of short-term recognition is used to generate data to which exponential speed-accuracy trade-off functions are fitted. The results show that even though the process model has a capacity larger than one, the exponential SAT functions indicate a one-chunk hypothesis. Further nested modeling reveals, counter to the dominant belief, that retrieval rate is insensitive to differences in WM capacity. The resolution of the WM capacity paradox lies in the choice of dependent measure.
Knee surgery costs in football, floor ball, European team handball and ice hockey

The purpose of this study was first, to identify the health costs of knee surgery related to different sports (football, floor ball, European team handball and ice hockey) among players at competitive level in Stockholm 1997. Information was retrieved from three different databases, one containing information on all players in different sports, another one containing information on all surgery performed at S:t Görans Hospital, Stockholm, and a third one containing information on all surgery performed in Stockholm. The National Registration Number (NRN) was used to identify the patients. The NRN is a unique personal identifier assigned to all Swedish residents, which allows linkage between different registers and databases. In Stockholm in 1997, 6781 surgical procedures related to the knee were performed at a cost of SEK (Swedish Crowns) 39 026 657. On players in all studied sports, 762 knee surgical procedures were performed on 657 patients in Stockholm at a cost of SEK 4 884 076. At S:t Görans Hospital, 319 knee surgical procedures were performed on 288 patients, and 293 (92%) of these were directly related to sport participation. It was also found that only 74% of anterior cruciate ligament injuries that resulted in a surgical intervention were reported to the insurance company. Conclusion: The average cost for knee surgery in the studied sports was low. Knee surgery costs for European team handball players were the highest compared with other sports studied.
Homosexuality Identity Formation

A six-stage model of homosexual identity formation is outlined within the framework of interpersonal congruency theory. Stages are differentiated on the basis of the person's perceptions of his/her own behavior and the actions that arise as a consequence of this perception. The person is seen to have an active role in the acquisition of a homosexual identity. Alternative paths of development are proposed within each stage. The notion that people can accept homosexuality as a positively valued status is assumed. Several factors believed to be influential in determining whether a person takes one line of development or another are discussed. The model is intended to be applies to both female and male homosexuals.
A Group Support Systems Approach to Cognitive Mapping

Cognitive maps are valuable tools for understanding individual and group perceptions. But developing such maps is a resource-intensive activity. To reduce required resources, group support system (GSS) technology is proposed as an aid in uncovering cognitive maps. A GSS session was used to develop a cognitive map of users of object-oriented (OO) techniques perceptions of OO system complexity. Seven participants identified concepts and categories, categorized the concepts, rated category importance, and defined relationships between categories. The data collected and analyses performed provide the basis for a cognitive map of the participants' perceptions of OO system complexity. A comparison with similar individual cognitive mapping results supports further investigation of using the GSS approach for identifying perceptions of complexity.
The influence of attachment and emotional support in end‐stage cancer

The impact of attachment style and emotional support on negative affect in 67 end‐stage cancer patients was examined via self‐report inventory. Path analysis revealed high levels of both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were associated with lower levels of emotional support which, in turn, had a major adverse influence on patients' negative affect. In addition, attachment anxiety was also directly associated with distress. The discussion emphasises the importance of attachment theory and emotional support within the context of terminal cancer. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mitral Annular and Coronary Artery Calcification Are Associated with Mortality in HIV-Infected Individuals

Background HIV infection increases cardiovascular risk. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) and mitral annular calcification (MAC) identify patients at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between MAC, CAC and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. Methods and Results We studied 152 asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and computed tomography (CT). MAC was identified on TTE using standardized criteria. Presence of CAC, CAC score and CAC percentiles were determined using the modified Agatston criteria. Mortality data was obtained from the Social Security and National Death Indices (SSDI/NDI). The median age was 49 years; 87% were male. The median duration of HIV was 16 years; 84% took antiretroviral therapy; 64% had an undetectable viral load. CVD risk factors included hypertension (35%), smoking (62%) and dyslipidemia (35%). Twenty-five percent of individuals had MAC, and 42% had CAC. Over a median follow-up of 8 years, 11 subjects died. Subjects with CAC had significantly higher mortality compared to those with MAC only or no MAC. The Harrell’s C-statistic of CAC was 0.66 and increased to 0.75 when MAC was added (p = 0.05). MAC, prior CVD, age and HIV viral load were independently associated with higher age- and gender-adjusted CAC percentiles in an adjusted model (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusion In HIV patients, the presence of MAC, traditional risk factors and HIV viral load were independently associated with CAC. Presence of CAC and MAC may be useful in identifying HIV-infected individuals at higher risk for death.
Parenting Education for Incarcerated Mothers.

A parenting curriculum developed for incarcerated mothers was evaluated using a pretest, posttest, follow-up design with 57 women incarcerated in state prisons. Developmental psychologists delivered a 72-session curriculum focused on parenting issues unique to incarcerated parents. Each class met for 2 hours and followed a prepared curriculum that was experiential and discussion-based. In assessments at the end of the course and at an 8-week follow-up, mothers showed significant improvements over their pretest scores in parenting attitudes, self-esteem, and legal knowledge regarding parental rights and responsibilities. Mothers' open-ended comments showed they gained an understanding that children need love, letters, and consistency and that they should show the caregivers respect, gratitude, and support. There was no change in frequency of letters written home, however, despite much emphasis on letter-writing during the course.
Convergence of Narcissism Measures From the Perspective of General Personality Functioning

The construct of narcissism has a lengthy history and has been operationalized and measured by a variety of instruments. In this study, five narcissism scales were compared in terms of alternative conceptualizations of narcissism offered by C. C. Morf and F. Rhodewalt (2001), D. L. Paulhus (2001), and S. Vazire and D. C. Funder (2006), using the domains and facets of the five-factor model as a common point of comparison. The findings provided little support for the conceptualizations of Morf and Rhodewalt or Vazire and Funder. Support was obtained for the conceptualization of Paulhus, particularly as assessed by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and, secondarily, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory—III. Implications for the assessment and conceptualization of narcissism are discussed.
Using Naive Bayes with AdaBoost to Enhance Network Anomaly Intrusion Detection

Classical intrusion detection system tends to identify attacks by using a set of rules known as signatures defined before the attack, this kind of detection is known as misuse intrusion detection. But reality is not always quantifiable, and this drives us to a new intrusion detection technique known as anomaly intrusion detection, due to the difficulties of defining normal pattern for random data frames, anomaly detection suffer from false positives, where normal traffic behavior is mistaken and classified as an attack and cause a great deal of manpower to manual sort the attacks. In this paper we construct a network based anomaly intrusion detection system using naive Bayes as weak learners enhanced with AdaBoost (Adaptive Boosing machine learning algorithm), experiment using KDD ’99 cup data proved that our IDS can achieve extremely low False Positive and has acceptable detection rate.
Minimizing Sensing Decision Error in Cognitive Radio Networks using Evolutionary Algorithms

Cognitive radio (CR) is envisioned as a promising paradigm of exploiting intelligence for enhancing efficiency of underutilized spectrum bands. In CR, the main concern is to reliably sense the presence of primary users (PUs) to attain protection against harmful interference caused by potential spectrum access of secondary users (SUs). In this paper, evolutionary algorithms, namely, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) are proposed to minimize the total sensing decision error at the common soft data fusion (SDF) centre of a structurally-centralized cognitive radio network (CRN). Using these techniques, evolutionary operations are invoked to optimize the weighting coefficients applied on the sensing measurement components received from multiple cooperative SUs. The proposed methods are compared with each other as well as with other conventional deterministic algorithms such as maximal ratio combining (MRC) and equal gain combining (EGC). Computer simulations confirm the superiority of the PSO-based scheme over the GA-based and other conventional MRC and EGC schemes in terms of detection performance. In addition, the PSO-based scheme also shows promising convergence performance as compared to the GA-based scheme. This makes PSO an adequate solution to meet real-time requirements.
Psychological Review

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Racial Variations in Ethnic Identity among the Children of Immigrants in Canada

Using data from the Ethnic Diversity Survey, we study the impact of parental human capital, family socialization, co-ethnic friendship, and experience of discrimination on ethnic identity formation among the children of immigrants from diverse ethnic backgrounds. In addition, we examine the extent to which these factors account for racial variations in ethnic identity attainment. The results show that racial minority children of immigrants are more likely to attain ethnic identity than their white counterparts. We also find racial variation is explained by parental human capital, family socialization, co-ethnic friendship, and past experience of discrimination. We discuss implications of our findings for Canada’s multiculturalism policy, which promotes the formation and maintenance of ethnic identity. Dans cette étude, nous utilisons les données de l’Enquête sur la diversité ethnique pour examiner l’impact du capital humain des parents, la socialisation familiale, les rapports entre amis de différentes ethnies, et l’expérience de la discrimination sur la formation de l’identité ethnique des enfants d’immigrants de diverses origines ethniques. Nous cherchons aussi à voir si ces facteurs expliquent les variations raciales dans la construction de l’identité ethnique. Les résultats montrent que les enfants d’immigrants de minorité raciale sont plus susceptibles de se forger une identité ethnique que leurs homologues blancs. De plus, les quatre facteurs expliquent la variation raciale. Nous discutons des implications de nos résultats pour la politique canadienne du multiculturalisme.
A design for adaptive web service evolution

In this paper, we define the problem of simultaneously deploying multiple versions of a web service in the face of independently developed unsupervised clients. We then propose a solution in the form of a design technique called Chain of Adapters and argue that this approach strikes a good balance between the various requirements. The Chain of Adapters technique is particularly suitable for self-managed systems since it makes many version-related reconfiguration tasks safe, and thus subject to automation.
Linear Network Coding Reduces Buffering in High-Speed Ethernet Parallel Transmission Systems

Parallel transmission is a known technique of transmitting flows over multiple paths from a source towards the same destination. In high-speed Ethernet standards, for instance, large bandwidth flows are inverse-multiplexed into multiple lower-speed flows and transmitted in parallel. However, when flows traverse different paths, attention needs to be paid to the resulting differential delay, which requires computationally expensive path optimizations and large buffering at the receiver. In this paper, we show analytically that linear network coding can significantly reduce the buffering in high-speed Ethernet systems at a price of en/decoding overhead, while relaxing the requirements on path optimality. We implement the proposed decoding buffer model according to the IEEE 802.3ba standard, and show that linear network coding reduces the buffer size up to 40% as compared to systems without coding. With linear network coding, input interfaces of the destination node can deploy relatively smaller buffers, which is critical for wider practical deployment of high-speed Ethernet systems at 100 Gbps and beyond.
The Prosody of Focus in Paraguayan Guaraní1

In many languages, prosodic prominence indicates which expressions of an utterance are focused. This study explores the prosody of focus in Paraguayan Guaraní (Tupí-Guaraní) through two production and two perception experiments conducted with native speakers of Guaraní in Paraguay. The results of the production experiments suggest that prosodic prominence is realized by stressed syllable duration, f0 slope, and pitch accent type. While the perception experiments provide evidence that Paraguayan Guaraní listeners attend to these properties in prosodic prominence perception, they also show that listeners are not at ceiling in identifying the prosodically most prominent expression from the acoustic signal alone. These results are consistent with recent findings about prosodic prominence perception in other languages and provide empirical support from an American indigenous language for the hypothesis that non-acoustic factors, such as word frequency and information status, also play a role in prominence perception. [Keywords: Paraguayan Guaraní, focus, prosody, prominence perception]