Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Smartphone-Sensor Behavior for Human Activity Recognition

The proliferation of smartphones has significantly facilitated people’s daily life, and diverse and powerful embedded sensors make smartphone a ubiquitous platform to acquire and analyze data, which may also provide great potential for efficient human activity recognition. This paper presents a systematic performance analysis of motion-sensor behavior for human activity recognition via smartphones. Sensory data sequences are collected via smartphones, when participants perform typical and daily human activities. A cycle detection algorithm is applied to segment the data sequence for obtaining the activity unit, which is then characterized by time-, frequency-, and wavelet-domain features. Then both personalized and generalized model using diverse classification algorithms are developed and implemented to perform activity recognition. Analyses are conducted using 27 681 sensory samples from 10 subjects, and the performance is measured in the form of F-score under various placement settings, and in terms of sensitivity to user space, stability to combination of motion sensors, and impact of data imbalance. Extensive results show that each individual has its own specific and discriminative movement patterns, and the F-score for personalized model and generalized model can reach 95.95% and 96.26%, respectively, which indicates our approach is accurate and efficient for practical implementation.
An Atypical Calcaneal Fracture in a Child: A Literature Review Concerning the Treatment

Calcaneal fractures are considered uncommon accounting for 0.005-0.41% of all children fractures. Few reports concerning treatment are available. Most of these fractures are non-displaced/minimally displaced and are associated with a fall of less than 1 m. The aim of this case report was to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of a child calcaneal fracture, an atypical presentation despite the high energy mechanism of trauma. A 7-year-old child fell from a 5-m ladder with all his weight on his right heel. Significantly hind-foot reduced range of motion associated with a lateral/plantar calcaneal swelling and pain was found. Neurovascular examination and other parts of the body were normal. Radiograph showed an undisplaced calcaneal body fracture and computed tomography confirmed no subtalar joint involvement. A splint followed by plaster was applied. Weight bearing and deambulation were not allowed. After 4 weeks, no pain and limping was reported by the child’s parents. Plaster was removed and radiograph showed fracture consolidation. Patient had no complaints of pain, no restrictions in range of motion and normal walking. Limping in children is a difficult complaint to assess. Differential diagnoses of a calcaneal fractures should be performed, even without a history of trauma or a history of trivial trauma.
Seasonal variation of N2O fluxes at a tropical savannah site: Soil consumption of N2O during the dry season

Soil fluxes of N2O were measured during the dry season in a scrub-grass savannah and in a nearby semideciduous forest in the savannah climatic region of Venezuela. In contrast with a significant emission recorded previously in the rainy season, during the dry season a net consumption of −2.6±2.7×109 N2O molecules cm−2 s−1 was recorded at the savannah site. After watering a net emission of N2O was observed. The forest soil produced signicantly less N2O compared with the rainy season. As in the rainy season the addition of NH4Cl did not affect the fluxes. Larger emissions were recorded after the application of nitrate. However, the increase was lower than the enhancement produced during the rainy season. The comparison between both seasons indicates that the N2O fluxes strongly depend on the rain pattern of the region, and that during the dry season the bacterial activity or bacterial population responsible for the production of N2O must be low. At present we do not know the mechanism by which dry savannah soil consumes atmospheric N2O. This potential sink is of the same order as the production of N2O due to savannah vegetation burning.
Sucrose Translocation in the Sugar Beet.

7. PLATENIUS, H. AND J. E. KNOTT. 1935. The pungency of the onion bulb as influenced by the stage of development of the plant. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 33: 481-83. 8. SAGHIR, A. R. , L. K. MANN, R. A. BERNHARD, AND J. V. JACOBSEN. 1964. Determination of aliphatic monoand disulfides in Allium by gas chromatography and their distribution in the common food species. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 84: 386-98. 9. SAGHIR, A. R. 1964. Volatiles in A llium. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of California, Davis, California. 10. SEMMLER, F. W. 1892. Uber das atherische ol des Knoblauchs (Allium satizum). Arch. Pharm. 230: 434-48. 11. VIRTANEN, A. I. AND E. J. MATIKKALA. 1959. The isolation of S-methyl-cysteine sulphoxide and S-npropyl cysteinis sulphoxide from onion (Allium cepa) and the antibiotic activity of crushed onion. Acta Chemica Scanid. 13: 1898-1900. 12. VIRTANEN, A. I. 1962. Some organic sulfur compounds in vegetables and their significance in human nutrition. Angew. Chenm, Intern. Ed. 1: 299305. 13. WERTHEIM, T. 1844. Untersuchung des Knoblauchols. Ann. Chem. und Pharm. 51: 289-315. 14. YAMAGUCHI, M. , S. SHANNON, F. D. HOWARD, AND M. A. JOSLYN. 1965. Factors affecting the formation of a pink pigment in purees of onion. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 86: In press.
The population genetics of speciation: the evolution of hybrid incompatibilities.

Speciation often results from the accumulation of "complementary genes," i.e., from genes that, while having no deleterious effect within species, cause inviability or sterility when brought together with genes from another species. Here I model speciation as the accumulation of genic incompatibilities between diverging populations. Several results are obtained. First, and most important, the number of genic incompatibilities between taxa increases much faster than linearly with time. In particular, the probability of speciation increases at least as fast as the square of the time since separation between two taxa. Second, as Muller realized, all hybrid incompatibilities must initially be asymmetric. Third, at loci that have diverged between taxa, evolutionarily derived alleles cause hybrid problems far more often than ancestral alleles. Last, it is "easier" to evolve complex hybrid incompatibilities requiring the simultaneous action of three or more loci than to evolve simple incompatibilities between pairs of genes. These results have several important implications for genetic analyses of speciation.
Response of well-aquifer systems to Earth tides

The water level in a well open to an artesian aquifer responds to pressure-head fluctuations caused by the dilatation of the aquifer. Based on hydrologic considerations, it is shown that (1) most well-aquifer systems respond to disturbances with periods of less than several days as if the well were drilled into a medium of infinite or partially bounded extent, and (2) the representation of an aquifer as a finite cavity is unrealistic for most well-aquifer systems. The amplitude of tidal water level fluctuations in well-aquifer systems depends on the dilatation and the specific storage of the aquifer. Analysis of the dilatation caused by the earth tide is based on the assumptions that (1) the latitudinal and longitudinal strains caused by the earth tide are determined by the elastic properties of the earth as a whole and are largely independent of the elastic properties of a near surface aquifer, and (2) the vertical strain of a near surface aquifer depends on Poisson's ratio (or the Lame constants) for the aquifer and the latitudinal and longitudinal strains. The tidal dilatation can be computed from equilibrium tide theory provided that Poisson's ratio is known. The amplitude of the tidal dilatation produced by the large semidiurnal wave, M2, is approximately 1 × 10−8. It is not unusual to have earth-tide fluctuations in wells corresponding to M2 with an amplitude of 1 to 2 cm. The fact that tidal water-level fluctuations depend upon the specific storage of the aquifer explains the variation in amplitude which troubled others. The specific storage and the porosity of the aquifer can be computed from an analyses of earth-tide fluctuations if Poisson's ratio for the aquifer is known. Computations of specific storage and porosity are presented for three artesian wells for which tidal harmonic analysis of hydrograph data was published by Melchior. The results of these calculations appear to be better than one might reasonably expect.
Processing/formulation parameters determining dispersity of chitosan particles: an ANNs study

Abstract Although a great number of studies may be found in literature about the parameters affecting the size of chitosan nanoparticles, no systematic work so far has detailed the factors affecting the polydispersity of chitosan as an important factor determining the quality of many preparations. Herein, using artificial neural networks (ANNs), four independent variables, namely, pH and concentration of chitosan solution as well as time and amplitude of sonication of the solution were studied to determine their influence on the polydispersity of solution. We found that in an ultrasound prepared nanodispersion of chitosan, all the four input parameters have reverse but non-linear relation with the polydispersity of the nanoparticles.
Oxidative Stress as a Trigger for Growth Phase-Specific σE-Dependent Cell Lysis in Escherichia coli

σE, encoded by rpoE, causes lysis of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells at the early stationary phase in Escherichia coli. However, the factors that trigger this lysis phenomenon remain unidentified. In this study, we found that the defective strain of katE, encoding catalase, exhibited a σE-dependent cell lysis phenotype, showing a decrease in turbidity of cell culture and an increase in accumulation of proteins in the culture medium as well as an increase in rpoE expression. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species became maximal at the transition period from exponential to stationary phases, and VBNC cells gradually increased after that period. In the wild-type strain, both sodA, encoding superoxide dismutase, and katE plasmid clones almost completely suppressed cell lysis, largely reduced reactive oxygen species, and substantially increased culturable cells. Consistent results were obtained in a defective strain of rseA, encoding an anti-σE, in which σE is constitutively expressed. These results suggest that oxidative stress is a major factor responsible for VBNC cell formation and cell lysis at the early stationary phase. Therefore, we assume that oxidative stress that has accumulated in the transition period gives rise to VBNC cells, which are in turn lysed by a σE-dependent process.
Runoff generation from successive simulated rainfalls on a rocky, semi‐arid, Mediterranean hillslope

Runoff generation in a Mediterranean carbonate rock environment—the Judaean Mountains, West Bank and Israel—was studied by a 2 day sprinkling experiment on an 18 × 10 m2 plot. During the first day, three spells of 24·1 mm h−1 (12·3 mm), 27·8 mm h−1 (12·3 mm) and 14·4 mm h−1 (12·5 mm) were applied, almost saturating the runoff plot. On the second day, 20 h later, two spells of 18·7 mm h−1 (34·3 mm) and 35·2 mm h−1 (25·4 mm) followed. Surface runoff was a combination of infiltration excess runoff from rocky portions of the plot and saturation excess runoff from areas covered by soil. Soil saturation was accelerated by lateral runoff from adjacent rocky areas. Once the plot was saturated, 80–90% of the applied rainfall became surface runoff. Significantly different concentrations of chloride, sulphate, and nitrate ions in the sprinkled water on two successive days served as tracers. During the second day a two‐component hydrograph separation pointed to the importance of shallow reservoirs playing active parts in runoff generation. About 14% of the flow collected during the second day originated from water applied during the first day. During the second day of sprinkling, both water sources obviously mixed in saturated soil reservoirs and contributed in variable percentages to surface flow. It is hypothesized that, at least during high‐magnitude rainfall, the steep rocky slopes investigated might be regarded as flood‐generating zones rather than areas of pronounced recharge into the underlying Yarkon–Taninim aquifer. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolutionary transitions to new DNA methyltransferases through target site expansion and shrinkage

DNA-binding and modifying proteins show high specificity but also exhibit a certain level of promiscuity. Such latent promiscuous activities comprise the starting points for new protein functions, but this hypothesis presents a paradox: a new activity can only evolve if it already exists. How then, do novel activities evolve? DNA methyltransferases, for example, are highly divergent in their target sites, but how transitions toward novel sites occur remains unknown. We performed laboratory evolution of the DNA methyltransferase M.HaeIII. We found that new target sites emerged primarily through expansion of the original site, GGCC, and the subsequent shrinkage of evolved expanded sites. Variants evolved for sites that are promiscuously methylated by M.HaeIII [GG(A/T)CC and GGCGCC] carried mutations in ‘gate-keeper’ residues. They could thereby methylate novel target sites such as GCGC and GGATCC that were neither selected for nor present in M.HaeIII. These ‘generalist’ intermediates were further evolved to obtain variants with novel target specificities. Our results demonstrate the ease by which new DNA-binding and modifying specificities evolve and the mechanism by which they occur at both the protein and DNA levels.
Fine-Scale Movements of the Broadnose Sevengill Shark and Its Main Prey, the Gummy Shark

Information on the fine-scale movement of predators and their prey is important to interpret foraging behaviours and activity patterns. An understanding of these behaviours will help determine predator-prey relationships and their effects on community dynamics. For instance understanding a predator's movement behaviour may alter pre determined expectations of prey behaviour, as almost any aspect of the prey's decisions from foraging to mating can be influenced by the risk of predation. Acoustic telemetry was used to study the fine-scale movement patterns of the Broadnose Sevengill shark Notorynchus cepedianus and its main prey, the Gummy shark Mustelus antarcticus, in a coastal bay of southeast Tasmania. Notorynchus cepedianus displayed distinct diel differences in activity patterns. During the day they stayed close to the substrate (sea floor) and were frequently inactive. At night, however, their swimming behaviour continually oscillated through the water column from the substrate to near surface. In contrast, M. antarcticus remained close to the substrate for the entire diel cycle, and showed similar movement patterns for day and night. For both species, the possibility that movement is related to foraging behaviour is discussed. For M. antarcticus, movement may possibly be linked to a diet of predominantly slow benthic prey. On several occasions, N. cepedianus carried out a sequence of burst speed events (increased rates of movement) that could be related to chasing prey. All burst speed events during the day were across the substrate, while at night these occurred in the water column. Overall, diel differences in water column use, along with the presence of oscillatory behaviour and burst speed events suggest that N. cepedianus are nocturnal foragers, but may opportunistically attack prey they happen to encounter during the day.
RADIAL PALSY SIMULATING VOLKMANN'S CONTRACTURE IN A NEWLY‐BORN BABY

Baby H. , female, birth weight 6 pounds 2 ounces, had an estimated gestation period of 39 weeks. Presentation, vertex. Labour induced on account of pre-eclampsia by artificial rupture of membranes. Pitocin was administered later on account of slow progress. Episiotoniy was performed. The delivery was spontaneous. The mother was 30 years old and this was her first pregnancy. At birth the baby’s general condition was satisfactory and regular rhythmic respirations were established at once. When examined ten minutes after delivery the infant was noted to have a right wrist drop (Fig. 1). Discoloration and bruising were features of the lateral supracondylar aspect of the right upper arm, and the right lateral aspect of the thorax (Fig. 2). The affected tissues in the arm and thorax were in approximately the same horizontal plane. Those in the arm were characterized by purple discoloration, slight depression of the skin surface with apparent adhesion of the skin to deeper structures which were slightly indurated. In some respects the local findings in the arm resembled those of scleroderma. By way of contrast the lesions in the wall of the right thorax consisted of uncomplicated contusions. Re-examined at the age of 36 hours signs were observed suggestive of shortening of the flexor tendons of the right hand. Extension of the wrist was accompanied by flexion of the fingers, and flexion of the wrist was accompanied by extension of the fingers (Fig. 3). Movements at the elbow and shoulder joints were normal. The radial pulse was readily palpable. No local treatment was instituted but the infant was kept under periodic observation. At the age of 5 weeks the findings were unchanged except in that there were extremely limited voluntary movements of the wrist and fingers of the right hand. Signs suggestive of shortening of the flexor tcndons disappeared by the age of 8 weeks and those of wrist drop by the age of 3 months. The sclerematous area on the right arm disappeared gradually and was no longer visible within 2 months of birth. Recovery was confirmed as being complete at the time of final examination at the age of 4 months.
Head and neck cancer: clinical usefulness and accuracy of PET/CT image fusion.

PURPOSE To compare diagnostic accuracy of attenuation-corrected positron emission tomography (PET) with fused PET and computed tomography (CT) in patients with head and neck cancer and to evaluate the effect of PET/CT findings on patient care. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies of 68 patients were reviewed by two physicians in consensus. Focal fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the head and neck on attenuation-corrected PET images was graded as benign, equivocal, or malignant. CT and PET/CT images were then reviewed, and initial findings were amended if necessary. Comparison was performed on a lesion-by-lesion basis. Accuracy was evaluated on the basis of follow-up and histopathologic findings. Potential effects on patient care were assessed by a head and neck surgeon. PET and PET/CT accuracy was compared with a McNemar test adjusted for clustering. RESULTS A total of 157 foci with abnormal FDG uptake were noted, two of which were seen only on PET/CT images. PET/CT images were essential in determining the exact anatomic location for 100 lesions (74% better localization in regions previously treated surgically or with irradiation vs 58% in untreated areas; P =.06). On the basis of PET findings alone, 45 lesions were considered benign; 39, equivocal; and 71, malignant. With PET/CT, the fraction of equivocal lesions decreased by 53%, from 39 of 155 to 18 of 157 (P <.01). PET/CT had a higher accuracy of depicting cancer than did PET (96% vs 90%, P =.03). Six proved malignancies were missed with PET, but only one was missed with PET/CT. PET/CT findings altered the care for 12 (18%) of 68 patients. CONCLUSION PET/CT is more accurate than PET alone in the detection and anatomic localization of head and neck cancer and has the clear potential to affect patient care.
The Akt inhibitor MK2206 synergizes, but perifosine antagonizes, the BRAF(V600E) inhibitor PLX4032 and the MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 in the inhibition of thyroid cancer cells.

PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to explore optimal combinations of currently actively developed drugs for dually targeting the Ras → Raf → MAPK kinase (MEK) → MAPK/ERK (MAPK) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathways as effective treatments for thyroid cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We tested the combinations of the Akt inhibitors MK2206 or perifosine with the BRAF(V600E) inhibitor PLX4032 or the MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 in thyroid cancer cells harboring both the BRAF(V600E) and PIK3CA mutations. RESULTS We found that MK2206 could potently, when used alone, and synergistically, when combined with either PLX4032 or AZD6244, inhibit thyroid cancer cell growth with all the combination index values lower than 1. Perifosine could potently inhibit thyroid cancer cell growth when used alone, but a strong antagonism occurred between this drug and PLX4032 or AZD6244 in the inhibition of thyroid cancer cell growth with all combination index values higher than 1. Combinations of MK2206 with PLX4032 or AZD6244 dramatically enhanced G1 cell cycle arrest induced by each drug alone. However, G2 cell cycle arrest uniquely induced by perifosine alone and G1 cell cycle arrest induced by PLX4032 or AZD6244 were both reversed by combination treatments, providing a mechanism for their antagonism. All these drugs could correspondingly inhibit the MAPK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signalings, confirming their expected target effects. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated, unexpectedly, opposite outcomes of MK2206 and perifosine in their combinational treatments with BRAF(V600E)/MEK inhibitors in thyroid cancer cells. The data may help appropriate selection of these prominent drugs for clinical trials of combination therapies for thyroid cancer.
Three-Dimensional Excavation and Recent Rupture History along the Cholame Segment of the San Andreas Fault

A paleoseismic study conducted along the Cholame segment of the San Andreas fault provides evidence for three earthquakes and the amount of lateral offset for the most recent event (1857 Fort Tejon earthquake). Excavations at the Las Yeguas (LY4) site include five fault-perpendicular, two parallel, and several hand-dug trenches. Abruptly truncated sand and silt layers that are not correlative across the fault zone constrain the timing of the penultimate event (L2) between cal. A.D. 1030-1300 and 1390-1460. Vertical offset, shearing, and fracturing of silty sand and gravel units that overlie L2 and historical artifacts that bracket the timing of the MRE (L1) provide evidence that the most recent ground-rupturing event, L1, occurred between cal. A.D. 1390-1460 and ∼1865. L1 is likely the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake. Tectonic silt-filled fractures that dissect historic gray-tan silt and sand suggest a ground shaking or a triggered slip event (L0), which occurred after L1. Three-dimensional excavation of an alluvial fan edge (unit 4) indicates that 3.0 ± 0.70 m of near-fault brittle slip occurred during the 1857 earthquake at this site.