Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serological changes in immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM and Escherichia coli antibodies in the young pig.

The variation in serum levels of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM has been studied during the early development of the young pig using radial immunodiffusion assays with specific rabbit antisera. Antibodies against Escherichia coli 08 and 0141 were assayed by antiglobulin haemagglutination and bactericidal techniques. Bactericidal activity could be measured in pre-colostral piglet serum and this was partially eliminated by absorption with specific rabbit anti-IgG-globulin serum. This activity was associated with an IgG component identified in low molecular weight protein fraction isolated from Sephadex G-200. Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM acquired from the colostrum began to decline after the first day. Antibacterial antibodies were mainly associated with IgM and these declined rapidly in the 1st week of life with an apparent half-life of 1.3 days. Levels of IgM increased after the first week but IgA and IgG continued to decline with no evidence of an increase in serum level until about the 4th week. In colostrum deprived pigs, serum levels of IgA and IgG increase from birth but IgM could not be assayed before the 3rd week.
Psychological Assessment Instruments for Use with Human Infants.

Today, both in the United States and in Europe, there is considerable interest in infant behavioral assessment. In this country this interest has had historical roots primarily within the framework of early American growth studies, particularly those of Gesell and Bayley. Many research pa pers have been concerned with infant assessment, but to date a literature review has not appeared. This paper attempts a review and integration of the literature in the hope of putting into perspective the research of several decades.
Securing OFDM over Wireless Time-Varying Channels Using Subcarrier Overloading with Joint Signal Constellations

A method of overloading subcarriers by multiple transmitters to secure OFDM in wireless time-varying channels is proposed and analyzed. The method is based on reverse piloting, superposition modulation, and joint decoding. It makes use of channel randomness, reciprocity, and fast decorrelation in space to secure OFDM with low overheads on encryption, decryption, and key distribution. These properties make it a good alternative to traditional software-based information security algorithms in systems where the costs associated with such algorithms are an implementation obstacle. A necessary and sufficient condition for achieving information theoretic security in accordance with channel and system parameters is derived. Security by complexity is assessed for cases where the condition for information theoretic security is not satisfied. In addition, practical means for implementing the method are derived including generating robust joint constellations, decoding data with low complexity, and mitigating the effects of imperfections due to mobility, power control errors, and synchronization errors.
High-Frequency Stimulation of the Anterior Subthalamic Nucleus Reduces Stereotyped Behaviors in Primates

Growing evidence shows that dysfunction of the limbic basal ganglia (BG) network is implicated in repetitive behaviors, such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's syndrome (TS), in humans. Because deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the posterior subthalamic nucleus (STN), which modulates the sensorimotor BG network, is beneficial in movement disorders, stimulation of the anterior, limbic STN might improve intractable behavioral disorders. We therefore evaluated the effect of anterior STN stimulation on the repetitive behaviors induced in two monkeys after bicuculline-induced dysfunction of the limbic external globus pallidus. DBS in the anterior STN dramatically reduced the stereotypies, but had no effect on the performance of a simple food retrieval task. Stimulations outside the STN were less effective in reducing the stereotypies. Electrode trajectories, reconstructed postmortem, confirmed that the effective contacts were in the anterior STN. DBS in the limbic STN might therefore provide relief from the severe stereotyped behaviors observed in OCD and TS.
Bodily maps of emotions

Significance Emotions coordinate our behavior and physiological states during survival-salient events and pleasurable interactions. Even though we are often consciously aware of our current emotional state, such as anger or happiness, the mechanisms giving rise to these subjective sensations have remained unresolved. Here we used a topographical self-report tool to reveal that different emotional states are associated with topographically distinct and culturally universal bodily sensations; these sensations could underlie our conscious emotional experiences. Monitoring the topography of emotion-triggered bodily sensations brings forth a unique tool for emotion research and could even provide a biomarker for emotional disorders. Emotions are often felt in the body, and somatosensory feedback has been proposed to trigger conscious emotional experiences. Here we reveal maps of bodily sensations associated with different emotions using a unique topographical self-report method. In five experiments, participants (n = 701) were shown two silhouettes of bodies alongside emotional words, stories, movies, or facial expressions. They were asked to color the bodily regions whose activity they felt increasing or decreasing while viewing each stimulus. Different emotions were consistently associated with statistically separable bodily sensation maps across experiments. These maps were concordant across West European and East Asian samples. Statistical classifiers distinguished emotion-specific activation maps accurately, confirming independence of topographies across emotions. We propose that emotions are represented in the somatosensory system as culturally universal categorical somatotopic maps. Perception of these emotion-triggered bodily changes may play a key role in generating consciously felt emotions.
Renal Effects of Nitroprusside and Hydralazine in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure

SUMMARYThe acute effects of nitroprusside infusion and intravenous hydralazine on renal hemodynamics and function were evaluated in nine male patients with severe, low cardiac output, congestive heart failure (CHF). Both drugs resulted in marked systemic hemodynamic improvement. Nitroprusside had a more profound effect on pulmonary artery pressure, while hydralazine produced a greater elevation in cardiac output. Significant decreases in both systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure with increases in stroke volume and stroke work index were noted with both drugs. Total renal resistance decreased and renal blood flow (RBF) significantly increased with both drugs, while the distribution of cardiac output to the kidney remained depressed. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not change significantly with either drug, although increases in GFR were seen in selected patients in whom RBF increased by more than 10% from control. The fraction of plasma filtered decreased toward normal with both drugs and excretion of total cations was significantly increased. These changes all represent improvements in systemic and renal hemodynamic abnormalities occurring in patients with CHF; their maintenance during long-term therapy would facilitate patient management.
Examining Differences in Death Rates for Medicaid and Non-Medicaid Nursing Home Residents

Objectives:The purpose of this work was to examine differences in the probability of death for Medicaid and privately funded nursing home residents, controlling for differences in facility, market, and resident characteristics. Methods:Given that Medicaid residents are more likely to die in nursing facilities, the probability of dying within 1 or 2 years is estimated using a series of probit models, controlling for whether a resident is Medicaid-funded or privately-funded. As resident characteristics, market attributes, facility characteristics, and facility fixed effects are sequentially added to the specifications, the gap in the probability of death between Medicaid and private-pay residents is considered. Results:The overall mortality rate for Medicaid residents was 14.8% points higher than the death rate for privately funded residents. When considering death within 1 year and 2 years, Medicaid resident death rates were 4.2% and 7.8% higher, respectively. The apparent difference in mortality declines as one controls for resident, market, and facility characteristics. Both facility characteristics and facility fixed effects are relatively important in explaining differences in death rates between Medicaid and private-pay residents. Conclusions:Differences in death rates between Medicaid and private-pay residents are relatively small, suggesting that residents with different payment sources are not treated differently in nursing homes in ways that impact the probability of death. However, policymakers may want to look more closely at whether Medicaid residents are segregated into lower-quality facilities.
Literature Review: Historic Environment, Sense of Place, and Social Capital

This literature review considers whether it is possible to identify relationships between the historic environment, sense of place and social capital. It asks the following questions: 1. What theories can we find to explain the relationship between sense of place, historic environment and social capital? 2. What evidence can we find to explain the relationship between sense of place, historic environment and social capital? 3. What is the quality of this evidence and these theories? If international, how applicable are they to the UK? 4. Are there any key studies which are of particular relevance to this project? 5. What conclusions can we draw from this literature review to inform the questions to be asked in the research undertaken by CURDS?
Arc Welding Health Effects, Fume Formation Mechanisms, and Characterization Methods

2.1 Routes of exposure Workers can be exposed by inhaling, ingesting, and coming into skin contact with the fume. All three can be important contributors to disease outcome. Inhalation is the primary, but not only, route of exposure. Welding worker exposures are usually measured in the breathing zone. To evaluate actual exposure, the filter or other sampling media should be placed under the welding helmet (sample adapters are available). As the worker lifts up and puts down the helmet, the device collects a more representative sample. Particle size affects respirability, but virtually all welding fume is in the respirable range. However, it's important to note that the mass collected in typical exposure measurements is not all metal fume. A study found that worker welding fume exposure was 25-55% of the mass collected was metal fume, with the balance of the metal mass collected was due grinding and spattering (Linden & Surakka, 2009). Workers can also be exposed to welding-related metals through ingestion and skin contact. This needs to be taken into account when evaluating worker exposure as welders eating with dirty hands or eating or drinking contaminated food/liquids can ingest a significant dose. This route is important because lung cancer has been associated with human consumption of drinking water containing high levels of arsenic and chromium. Additionally, a number of metals (including beryllium, chromium and cobalt), can directly affect the skin (irritation and allergic impacts) or be absorbed through the skin and cause
An assisted driver model. Towards developing driver assistance systems by allocating support dependent on driving situations

Partially automated driving is expected to increase traffic efficiency. How-ever, automation causes human factors concerns. One concern is the reduced operability during transitions between automation level, e.g. when failures occur. These concerns ask for a more justifiable implementation of automation for automobile appliances. As a first step towards applicable solutions for driver support, we developed the assisted driver model. The attempt with this model was to answer: what driving situations are in need for what kind of support? The influence of different levels of automation on task performance, were used to define 7 recommended support types relevant for driver assistance. For the allocation of recommended support types to distinguished driving situations we then considered the prerequisites to provide good operability in terms of the avoidance of errors and familiarity with driving circumstances. An assessment of adaptive cruise con-trol showed the model‟s potential to help developing advanced driver assistance systems whilst anticipating concerns associated with the appliance of partial automation.
Detection of Tumor-derived DNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid

Abstract. The sensitivity of PCR-based methods for the detection of DNA offers opportunities for tumor diagnosis from the small amounts of tumor-derived DNA released into body fluids. We report the detection of tumor DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of two patients with intracranial neoplasms. One patient had a metastatic breast carcinoma which contained amplified HER-2/neu genes, and amplified HER-2/neu gene sequences were present in her CSF. The other patient had a glioblastoma which contained amplified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genes, and amplified EGFR gene sequences were present in her CSF. This report demonstrates that CSF sometimes contains tumor-derived DNA and suggests that PCR examination of CSF DNA may be diagnostically useful.
Clonidine Pretreatment Reduces the Systemic Toxicity of Intravenous Bupivacaine in Rats

Backgrounds:Clonidine prolongs the duration of sensory and motor block induced by bupivacaine, and this association, in constant infusion by the epidural route, is used for postoperative analgesia. After a near-fatal intravenous bolus of bupivacaine in dogs, clonidine improves ventricular electrophysiologic parameters, but probably worsens bupivacaine induced bradycardia and depression of the myocardial contractility. The current study, using a rodent animal model, evaluated the influence of clonidine pretreatment on the systemic toxic effects of bupivacaine overdose induced by a constant intravenous infusion. Methods:Twenty Wistar male rats were anesthetized with thiopental, and controlled ventilation was started with an equal mixture of O2 and N2O. Electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), and invasive arterial blood pressure were continuously recorded. Clonidine (5 µg/kg) or saline was injected intravenously in a randomized fashion. After 15 min, an intravenous infusion of bupivacaine was started at 2 mg · kg−1 · min−1. The time of occurrence of the bupivacaine-induced toxic events was recorded and the doses were calculated. Ten (five in each group) additional rats, pretreated according to the same protocol, were killed at the time of the first dysrhythmia, for blood sampling and plasma bupivacaine concentration measurement. Results:Clonidine reduced heart rate and arterial blood pressure before bupivacaine infusion (P < 0.05). The threshold doses at the first QRS modification (11.3 ± 5.6 vs. 2.1 ± 0.9 mg/kg) and the first dysrhythmia (40.6 ± 15.3 vs. 8.48 ± 3.7 mg/kg), the increase In EEG total spectral power (33.3 ± 21.9 vs. 8.2 ± 5.1 mg/kg), the 25 and 50% reduction in baseline mean arterial pressure and heart rate, the isoelectric EEG (58.6 ± 14 vs. 22 ± 6.6 mg/kg), and the final systole (99 ± 16 vs. 51.8 ± 14.5 mg/kg) were significantly greater in the clonidine group than in the saline group (P < 0.01). The time between the first dysrhthymia and 50% reduction of baseline mean arterial blood pressure was not different between the groups. In the additional series, the first dysrhythmia occurred later (10.9 ±4.5 vs. 3.2 + 1.0 min, P < 0.01) and plasma bupivacaine levels were greater (18.7 ± 8.0 vs. 7.8 ± 3.2 µg/ml, P < 0.01) in the clonidine group than in the saline group. Conclusions:In this model, clonidine given prophylactically delays the toxic manifestations of bupivacaine overdose and does not accentuate the subsequent hypotension.
An Empirical Taxonomy of the Decision-Making Processes Concerning Strategic Applications of Information Systems

The strategic potential of information systems (IS) is now well recognized. However, there has been little explicit research on the process through which managers decide to develop IS applications that may provide strategic benefits. Consequently, several divergent views exist about this process, including those that consider it as a planned process, as a process that ignores formal planning methodologies, as a process that takes place incrementally, and as a process that occurs accidentally. This paper addresses this divergence of views by using strategic IS decisions in eightyone companies to generate an empirical taxonomy including five alternative ways of making strategic IS decisions. The five decision-making processes--namely, planned, provincial, incremental, fluid, and political--seem quite distinct, in terms of the activities involved and the influences encountered, as well as the conditions under which they are used. Thus, the paper suggests to managers deciding on potentially strategic systems that no one process should be considered universally applicable. Instead, any one of five processes comprising the taxonomy may be used, depending on the specific circumstances.
Evolution of Stress With Film Thickness in Co Films on InP(001)

We investigated the stress evolution of a Co/InP(001) by a highly sensitive optical deflection-detecting system in an ultra high vacuum (UHV) chamber. Stress results are analyzed and discussed by correlating to the growth morphology obtained from scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements and to the structure of the Co/InP obtained from high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements. Abrupt compressive stress, which is seen at the initial stage of the Co growth, might be due to the effect of the adsorption of Co on the InP. Subsequent tensile stress is closely related to the formation of continuous film by the coalescence of Co islands on the InP as shown in STM images. In addition, it is observed from HRTEM images that the lattice relaxation along the c-axis of hcp Co has an effect on tensile stress.
Surface Electromyography of the Vastus Lateralis, Biceps Femoris, and Gluteus Medius Muscle in Sound Dogs During Walking and Specific Physiotherapeutic Exercises.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the muscle activity patterns of the vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), and gluteus medius (GM) during walking and specific physiotherapeutic exercises in clinically sound, healthy dogs without lameness. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. ANIMALS Clinically sound dogs (n = 10). METHODS Surface electromyography was performed during walking and exercises (11% incline and decline, walking over cavaletti) within a defined study area. The maximal, minimal, and mean muscle potentials reflecting activity during each motion cycle were compared among the exercises. RESULTS During swing phase, maximal VL activity was higher during cavaletti walking compared with walking over ground or incline. Cavaletti walking had an earlier occurrence of the maximum VL activity than did walking over ground or decline. Compared with walking over ground, incline walking had higher minimal GM activity during the 1st half of stance phase and an earlier occurrence of maximal activity during the 2nd half of stance phase. Cavaletti walking had earlier maximal GM activity in swing phase than did walking over ground. Differences between decline and incline walking were seen in all 3 phases of the motion cycle; namely, higher minimal and mean activities occurred during incline walking, and higher maximum activity occurred in the 1st half of stance phase during incline walking. Compared with decline walking, cavaletti walking showed higher minimal and mean activities in the 2nd half of stance phase and higher maximal and mean activities in swing phase. CONCLUSION Cavaletti and incline walking exercises increases the VL and GM muscle activity.
The influence of self-esteem and self-efficacy on sexual risk-taking behaviour in school-going adolescents in the Durban Metropolitan area.

Adolescents engaging in sexual risk behaviours may experience negative psychological and social outcomes, and there can be consequent interference with the accomplishment of developmental tasks. Identified risk influences for sexual risk behaviour range from intrapersonal factors to social normative behaviours and contextual/environmental issues. This study focuses on two areas of intrapersonal factors namely, self-esteem and selfefficacy in understanding sexual behaviours in a sample of school going adolescents. The sample was made up of learners who were in grades nine, ten and eleven from a school in the Durban Metropolitan area (N=259). The results of the study indicated that adolescents who had never engaged in sexual intercourse (primary abstinence) have higher self-esteem and self-efficacy than those adolescents who had previously engaged in sexual intercourse. Also, the findings indicated that that there is no association between levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy, and sexual risk behaviours in relation to the dimensions of condom use, number of sexual partners and age of sexual debut of those who are sexually active. These findings are essentially supportive of the fact that involvement in the sexual domain is mediated by self-esteem and self-efficacy for adolescents who are not sexually active. Intervention programmes should be aimed at increasing self-esteem and self-efficacy at a primary school level, prior to sexual debut, to delay the age of sexual debut, thereby protecting against sexual risk behaviours.
Phase I study of CAL-101, an isoform-selective inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase P110d, in patients with previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

6631 Background: The class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate cellular functions relevant to oncogenesis. Expression of the PI3K p110δ isoform (PI3Kδ) is restricted to cells of hematopoietic origin. CAL-101 is an isoform-selective inhibitor of PI3Kδ that induces apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. METHODS This phase I study evaluated CAL-101 in patients with previously treated hematologic cancers. CAL-101 was administered orally 1 or 2 times per day (QD or BID) continuously in 28-day cycles, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Efficacy analyses were based on standard criteria. RESULTS At data cutoff, the study had enrolled 54 patients with CLL. Patient characteristics included: median [range] age of 62 [37-82] years; 82% males; 72% with refractory disease, 81% with bulky disease, 36% with del(17p), and a median [range] of prior therapies of 5 [2-15]. CAL-101 dose levels were 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, and 350 mg BID; and 300 mg QD. The median [range] of CAL-101 treatment cycles was 8 [1-19]. Grade ≥3 adverse events included pneumonia (24%), neutropenia (24%), thrombocytopenia (7%), neutropenic fever (7%), anemia (6%) and ALT/AST increase (6%). CAL-101 reduced lymphadenopathy by ≥50% in 80% of patients. A transient increase of >50% from baseline in peripheral absolute lymphocyte counts occurred in 58% of patients. The overall intention-to-treat response rate by IWCLL 2008 criteria was 26%. Medians for duration of response and progression-free survival had not been reached (>11 months), with 46% of patients continuing on treatment. CAL-101 reduced constitutive overexpression of phospho-AKT in patient CLL cells and normalized plasma concentrations of CCL3, CCL4, and CXCL13. PK analyses showed minimal increases in plasma Cmax and AUC at doses >150 mg BID. Accrual is ongoing and updated data will be presented. CONCLUSIONS CAL-101, an oral PI3Kδ-selective inhibitor, shows acceptable safety and promising clinical activity in heavily pretreated patients with CLL. Dose-response assessments support the 150 mg BID dose for future single-agent and combination chemo/immunotherapy studies.