Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithm for vision-based vehicle detection and classification

Recent years, many vision-based vehicle detection methods have been proposed. But just a few of them paid attention to vehicle type classification in a real-time video, which is an important part in intelligent traffic system. The Haar features and Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features have been proposed as useful features for vehicle detection respectively. In this paper, we propose a method based on combined the Haar features and HOG features to detect vehicles in videos and classify them into two types. The experiment results show that this method can classify and detect the vehicles in multi-orientations with good classification results, and it verified the effectiveness of the propose method with real vehicle samples.
O 2 cost of contractility but not of mechanical energy increases with temperature in canine left ventricle

Mikane, Takeshi, Junichi Araki, Shunsuke Suzuki, Ju Mizuno, Juichiro Shimizu, Satoshi Mohri, Hiromi Matsubara, Masahisa Hirakawa, Tohru Ohe, and Hiroyuki Suga. O2 cost of contractility but not of mechanical energy increases with temperature in canine left ventricle. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 46): H65–H73, 1999. —We investigated the effects of myocardial temperature on left ventricular (LV) mechanoenergetics in the excised, cross-circulated canine heart. We used the framework of the LV contractility (Emax)-pressure-volume area (PVA; a measure of total mechanical energy)-myocardial oxygen consumption (VO2) relationship. We have shown this framework to be useful to integrative analysis of the mechanoenergetics of a beating heart. In isovolumic contractions at a constant pacing rate, increasing myocardial temperature from 30 to 40°C depressed Emax and increased the oxygen cost of Emax, which was enhanced by dobutamine, in a linear manner. However, the slope of the VO2-PVA relation (reciprocal of contractile efficiency) and its VO2 intercept remained constant. Q10 values of Emax, the oxygen cost of Emax, and the oxygen cost of PVA were 0.4, 2.1 and 1.0, respectively, around normothermia. We conclude that the temperature-dependent processes of cross-bridge cycling and Ca21 handling integratively depress Emax and augment its oxygen cost without affecting the oxygen cost of PVA as myocardial temperature increases by 10°C around normothermia.
Tumor-induced MDSC act via remote control to inhibit L-selectin-dependent adaptive immunity in lymph nodes

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) contribute to an immunosuppressive network that drives cancer escape by disabling T cell adaptive immunity. The prevailing view is that MDSC-mediated immunosuppression is restricted to tissues where MDSC co-mingle with T cells. Here we show that splenic or, unexpectedly, blood-borne MDSC execute far-reaching immune suppression by reducing expression of the L-selectin lymph node (LN) homing receptor on naïve T and B cells. MDSC-induced L-selectin loss occurs through a contact-dependent, post-transcriptional mechanism that is independent of the major L-selectin sheddase, ADAM17, but results in significant elevation of circulating L-selectin in tumor-bearing mice. Even moderate deficits in L-selectin expression disrupt T cell trafficking to distant LN. Furthermore, T cells preconditioned by MDSC have diminished responses to subsequent antigen exposure, which in conjunction with reduced trafficking, severely restricts antigen-driven expansion in widely-dispersed LN. These results establish novel mechanisms for MDSC-mediated immunosuppression that have unanticipated implications for systemic cancer immunity. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.17375. 001
Studies on respiration and glycolysis in transplanted hepatic tumors of the rat.

Summary In a continuation of studies on glycolytic and respiratory interrelationships in a series of rat hepatomas ranging widely in growth rate and degree of differentiation, whole, fortified homogenates of these tissues were incubated at 28°C in the presence of fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP), 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), and exogenous hexokinase; respiration, lactate formation, and uptake of 2-DG were measured. Preliminary studies with this model system established that uptake of 2-DG was a valid measure of ATP formation. On the assumption that each mole of lactate formed from FDP leads to production of 2 moles of ATP via phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase, glycolytic phosphorylation was estimated as twice that of lactate, and respiratory phosphorylation was calculated as the difference between total ATP and glycolytic ATP formation. Without exogenous substrate, respiration was high in homogenates of well-differentiated tumors, and low in those of poorly differentiated tumors. In both tumor types respiration was coupled with ATP formation, yielding P/O ratios of 1 to 2. Addition of FDP to liver homogenates resulted in moderate lactate and glycolytic ATP formation, the latter being formed largely at the expense of respiratory phosphorylation. In homogenates of well-differentiated tumors, lactate formation and glycolytic phosphorylation were low, and neither respiration nor respiratory phosphorylation was decreased. In contrast, homogenates of the poorly differentiated hepatomas exhibited high lactate formation, and though respiration was increased somewhat by FDP addition, essentially all of the ATP was formed via glycolysis. It thus appears that, in this system, transphosphorylating enzymes of glycolysis are a major site of glycolytic control, presumably through competition with the respiratory ADP acceptors for the available ADP. Further evidence for such competition was obtained by intermixing the supernatant and particulate fractions. Replacement of particles from a low-respiring, poorly differentiated tumor by particles from a high-respiring, well-differentiated tumor resulted in a pronounced Pasteur effect; respiration was increased, together with respiratory ATP production, while glycolysis was markedly decreased. However, when particles of a high-respiring tumor were replaced with particles of a low-respiring tumor, respiration and respiratory phosphorylation were decreased and glycolysis was markedly increased. These findings provide evidence for the suggestion offered many years ago by Johnson and by Lynen that the Pasteur effect may reflect competition for ADP and inorganic phosphate (P 1 ) at the transphosphorylating sites of glycolysis and respiration. They also suggest that the high aerobic glycolysis which is, in general, characteristic of highly dedifferentiated tumors may be, in part, a resultant of their low respiratory activity and high levels of glycolytic transphosphorylating enzymes.
Mangled lower extremity: can we trust the amputation scores?

BACKGROUND Limb injuries represent a constant and severe problem. Several lower limb injuries are more frequent than upper limb injuries. Over time, in an attempt to quantify the severity of traumas and to establish guidelines for the decision whether to save or amputate a mangled extremity, several scoring systems have been reported. Most refer to bone fractures, soft tissue damage, vascular, nerves and tendon lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Articles dealing with mangled lower extremities published in the last 15 years were analyzed. Other inclusion criteriaincluded:articles reporting MESS, PSI, LSI, and Gustillo-Anderson scores, studies based on groups of more than 25 patients, and English language articles. We tried to determine if there was good correlation between amputation recommendations and various scores of injury, with regard to combat wounds and civilian injuries, in adult and pediatric groups. RESULTS Thirty-two papers fulfilled our criteria; in 17 of these, correlation between mangled extremity scores and the decision to amputate or salvage the limb was well-defined. Good correlation between MESS and amputation was found in 25% of the papers. The highest correlation was found for pediatric injuries and combined adult and pediatric combat injuries. CONCLUSIONS The mangled extremity is a long-lasting, unsolved problem, with much debate and a large number of protocols and scoring systems, but with no unanimously-accepted solution. Many mangled extremities are borderline cases, and the decision to amputate or to salvage a limb must be carefully assessed. With advances in the medical field over the last 15 years, more mangled lower extremities are salvaged, especially in civilian injuries.
Resource Reservation for Mixed Criticality Systems

This paper presents a reservation-based approach to sched- ule mixed criticality systems in a way that guarantees the schedulability of high-criticality tasks independently of the behaviour of low-criticality tasks. Two key ideas are presented: first, to reduce the system uncer- tainty and advance the time at which a high-criticality task reveals its actual execution time, the initial portion of its code is handled by a ded- icated server with a bandwidth reserved for the worst-case, but with a shorter deadline; second, to avoid the pessimism related to off-line budget allocation, an efficient reclaiming mechanism, namely the GRUB algo- rithm (6), is used to exploit the budget left by high-criticality tasks in favor of those low-criticality tasks that can still complete within their deadline.
Contextual influences on nurses’ decision-making in cases of physical restraint

Background: In order to fully understand nurses’ ethical decision-making in cases of physical restraint in acute older people care, contextual influences on the process of decision-making should be clarified. Research questions: What is the influence of context on nurses’ decision-making process in cases of physical restraint, and what is the impact of context on the prioritizing of ethical values when making a decision on physical restraint? Research design: A qualitative descriptive study inspired by the Grounded Theory approach was carried out. Participants and research context: In total, 21 in-depth interviews were carried out with nurses working on acute geriatric wards in Flanders, Belgium. Ethical considerations: The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Leuven. Findings: Relationships with nursing colleagues and the patient’s family form an inter-personal network. Nurses also point to the importance of the procedural–legal context as expressed in an institutional ethics policy and procedures, or through legal requirements concerning physical restraint. Furthermore, the architectural structure of a ward, the availability of materials and alternatives for restraint use can be decisive in nurses’ decision-making. All interviewed nurses highlighted the unquestionable role of the practical context of care. Context can have a guiding, supportive, or decisive role in decision-making concerning the application of physical restraint. Discussion: The discussion focuses on the role of the inter-personal network of nurses on the process of decision-making. Conclusion: An institutional ethics policy and a value-supportive care environment can support nurses in their challenge to take ethically sound decisions.
Code Equivalences Between Network Codes With Link Errors and Index Codes With Side Information Errors

In this paper, new code equivalence relationships between a network code and an index code are studied. First, for a given index coding instance, equivalent network coding instances are derived, where an index code achieving the maximum acyclic induced subgraph bound is converted to the corresponding network code and vice versa. Then, the code equivalence results are generalized to erroneous cases for both a given network coding instance and a given index coding instance, that is, code equivalences between a network code with link errors and an index code with side information errors.
Antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of different caffeine products

The antioxidant activity of water extracts (cold and hot) of six caffeine products were carried out. The extracts were screened for total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS methods and reducing power method at 50 and 100 µg/ml after 15 and 30 min using BHA and Caffeine as standard compounds. The results indicated that, the hot water extracts for different caffeine products showed high antioxidant activity more than cold extracts and this activity was time and concentration dependent. In addition, the activity was higher against ABTS radical more than DPPH and reducing power methods. Also, there is positive correlation between the antioxidant and reducing compounds presented in water extracts of different caffeine products. The results of HPLC showed that fresh tea leaves are rich in flavanol monomers known as catechins. The most abundant catechin derivatives in green tea are EGC, EGCG and GC. On the other hand, EGCG and GC are major catechin derivative in different caffeine product except El-Fakher tea and Cacao. Generally, these beverages had high antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents and could be important dietary sources of antioxidant phenolic for prevention of diseases caused by oxidative stress. Key words: Caffeine product, antioxidant activity, phenolic contents.
Cultural encounters: learning from cross-disciplinary science and development practice in ecosystem health

Overcoming challenges to ecosystem health calls for breaking down disciplinary and professional barriers. Through reflection on a research and development project to address pesticide-related concerns in northern Ecuador, this article presents challenges encountered and accommodations made, ranging from staff recruitment, through baseline assessments and community education activities, to mobilising for policy change. In so doing, it exposes underlying problems of paradigm and process inherent in bringing researchers and development practitioners together, in addition to the problematic role of advocacy that is associated with joint research and development initiatives in the fields of agriculture and health.
Individual Differences in Judgment Accuracy in Personnel Selection

The judgment accuracy of assessors has been an enduring research topic in personnel selection studies. Assessors produce ratings that affect the quality of personnel selection decisions. Although it is well known that assessors differ in judgment accuracy, we do not yet understand why this is so. This dissertation drew on social cognition literature and judgment accuracy models (Funder, 1999) to study assessor constructs that may predict their judgment accuracy in personnel selection. In order to advance contemporary practices designed to select and train assessors, an integrative profile of the ‘good judge’, informed by empirical evidence, is needed. The dissertation therefore presents four studies – one systematic review and three empirical studies – that investigated individual difference constructs in judgment accuracy within a personnel selection context. First, a systematic review of empirical literature was conducted, which, in addition to determining what we know and do not know about the good judge, identified focal constructs for further empirical research. In the subsequent empirical investigations, the role of specific individual difference constructs in judgment accuracy was explored. The dissertation advances an understanding of how dispositional reasoning (the complex knowledge of traits, behaviors, and situations’ potential to elicit traits into manifest behaviors) and personality trait chronic accessibility (the degree to which individuals differ in the readiness with which constructs are utilized in information processing of behavioral stimulus input) may be characteristics of the good judge in personnel selection. The general project goal was to determine the extent to which assessor individual differences are able to explain judgment accuracy in personnel selection ratings.
PHYSICAL EXERCISE, GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY AND LIFE SATISFACTION IN ADOLESCENCE PRÁCTICA FÍSICA, AUTOEFICACIA GENERAL Y SATISFACCIÓN VITAL EN LA ADOLESCENCIA

The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between physical exercise, general self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Research participants are 2079 adolescents from the city of Malaga (Spain), aged between 14 and 17 years (M=15.62; ST= .95). It is a cross-sectional study, in which surveys are used to collect data. The instruments include a questionnaire about sociodemographic variables and physical exercise, the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Results show that people who are physically active have higher levels of general self-efficacy and life satisfaction and that there is a positive relationship between these constructs. Also, there are significant differences in the perception of self-efficacy depending on the frequency of physical exercise per week and the social context in which the exercise is carried out.
Teacher Praise: A Functional Analysis

Classroom-process data indicate that teachers’ verbal praise cannot be equated with reinforcement. Typically, such praise is used infrequently, without contingency, specificity, or credibility. Often it is not even intended as reinforcement, and even when it is, it frequently has some other function. The meanings and functions of behaviors typically included under the category of teacher praise are determined by the degree of congruence between verbal and nonverbal components and by the context in which the interaction occurs. Much teacher praise is determined more by teachers’ perceptions of student needs than by the quality of student conduct or performance. Considerations of classroom feasibility and probable student response to teachers’ attempts at social reinforcement suggest that teacher praise should remain infrequent, but that it could be made much more effective. Attribution theory is an important supplement to social learning/reinforcement theory for suggesting guidelines for praising effectively.
Control of RNA initiation and elongation at the HIV-1 promoter.

THE HIV-l PROMOTER . 718 Distal Enhancer Sequences . 718 T Cell Activation Signals and NF-KlJ . 721 The Basal Promoter: Spl, TATA, and the Initiator. 722 Downstream Elements: LBP-l, 1ST, and TAR . 723 TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION BY TAT THROUGH TAR . 724 Domain Structure of Tat . 724 Structure of TAR RNA . 727 Recognition of Tat by TAR in vivo and in vitro . 730 Binding of Cellular Factors to TAR RNA . 731 Cellular Factors that Interact with Tat 733 Mechanism of Trans-activation by Tat . 734
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Neural mechanisms of impulse control in sexually risky adolescents

The consequences of risky sexual behavior are of public concern. Adolescents contribute disproportionately to negative consequences of risky sexual behavior. However, no research has examined the neural correlates of impulse control and real-world engagement in risky sexual behavior in this population. The aim of the present study was to examine this question. Twenty sexually active adolescents performed an impulse control task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan and risky sexual behaviors were assessed through self-report. Sexual riskiness ratings were negatively associated with activation in the prefrontal cortex during response inhibition. These results suggest that diminished engagement of impulse control circuitry may contribute to sexual riskiness in adolescents.
Deep Sequencing of the T-cell Receptor Repertoire Demonstrates Polyclonal T-cell Infiltrates in Psoriasis

It is well known that infiltration of pathogenic T-cells plays an important role in psoriasis pathogenesis. However, the antigen specificity of these activated T-cells is relatively unknown. Previous studies using T-cell receptor polymerase chain reaction technology (TCR-PCR) have suggested there are expanded T-cell receptor (TCR) clones in psoriatic skin, suggesting a response to an unknown psoriatic antigen. Here we describe the results of high-throughput deep sequencing of the entire αβ- and γδ- TCR repertoire in normal healthy skin and psoriatic lesional and non-lesional skin. From this study, we were able to determine that there is a significant increase in the abundance of unique β- and γ- TCR sequences in psoriatic lesional skin compared to non-lesional and normal skin, and that the entire T-cell repertoire in psoriasis is polyclonal, with similar diversity to normal and non-lesional skin. Comparison of the αβ- and γδ- TCR repertoire in paired non-lesional and lesional samples showed many common clones within a patient, and these close were often equally abundant in non-lesional and lesional skin, again suggesting a diverse T-cell repertoire. Although there were similar (and low) amounts of shared β-chain sequences between different patient samples, there was significantly increased sequence sharing of the γ-chain in psoriatic skin from different individuals compared to those without psoriasis. This suggests that although the T-cell response in psoriasis is highly polyclonal, particular γδ- T-cell subsets may be associated with this disease. Overall, our findings present the feasibility of this technology to determine the entire αβ- and γδ- T-cell repertoire in skin, and that psoriasis contains polyclonal and diverse αβ- and γδ- T-cell populations.
NF-κB-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses

Activation of mammalian innate and acquired immune responses must be tightly regulated by elaborate mechanisms to control their onset and termination. MicroRNAs have been implicated as negative regulators controlling diverse biological processes at the level of posttranscriptional repression. Expression profiling of 200 microRNAs in human monocytes revealed that several of them (miR-146a/b, miR-132, and miR-155) are endotoxin-responsive genes. Analysis of miR-146a and miR-146b gene expression unveiled a pattern of induction in response to a variety of microbial components and proinflammatory cytokines. By means of promoter analysis, miR-146a was found to be a NF-κB-dependent gene. Importantly, miR-146a/b were predicted to base-pair with sequences in the 3′ UTRs of the TNF receptor-associated factor 6 and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 genes, and we found that these UTRs inhibit expression of a linked reporter gene. These genes encode two key adapter molecules downstream of Toll-like and cytokine receptors. Thus, we propose a role for miR-146 in control of Toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling through a negative feedback regulation loop involving down-regulation of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 protein levels.
Evaluation of Primary School Teachers' Technological Self-Efficacy

Article History: Received 01.12. 2011 Received in revised form 04.07. 2012 Accepted 22.02. 2013 Available online 10.04. 2013 The purpose of this study is to determine the technological self-efficacy of primary school teachers, and compare their technological efficiencies depending on gender and professional experience variables. The study was quantitative descriptive and survey method was applied to collect data. The data of the study was gathered through personal information questionnaire and “Technology Self-Efficacy Scale”. The results of the research showed that technology self-efficacy beliefs of teacher were in the mid level. In addition, it was found that while technology self-efficacy beliefs of teachers did not differ in gender, but there became a difference depending on their professional experience. © 2013 IOJES. All rights reserved