Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on hotel revenue management without explicitly incorporating competition

This paper analyzes the possibility of applying model that is not explicitly incorporate competition in hotel Revenue Management. Three scenarios are evaluated; (i) each seller understands how its own price affects its own demand but does not directly account for how its competitor's price does, (ii) each seller knows the total market size, and tries to learn how its own price affects demand, while failing to directly account for the effect of its competitor's prices, and (iii) the seller has no information regarding parameters of demand model. The demand is considered as stochastic. The result shows that the model that does not incorporate competition explicitly is only representative for the short-run market response. However, oligopoly model still gives better results.
When does intraspecific trait variation contribute to functional beta‐diversity?

Intraspecific trait variation (ITV) is hypothesized to play an important role in community assembly and the maintenance of biodiversity. However, fundamental gaps remain in our understanding of how ITV contributes to mechanisms that create spatial variation in the functional‐trait composition of communities (functional β‐diversity). Importantly, ITV may influence the perceived importance of environmental filtering across spatial scales. We examined how ITV contributes to functional β‐diversity and environmental filtering in woody plant communities in a temperate forest in the Ozark ecoregion, Missouri, USA. To test the hypothesis that ITV contributes to changes in the perceived importance of environmental filtering across scales, we compared patterns of functional β‐diversity across soil‐resource and topographic gradients at three spatial grains and three spatial extents. To quantify the contribution of ITV to functional β‐diversity, we compared patterns that included ITV in five traits (leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf water content, leaf toughness and chlorophyll content) to patterns based on species‐mean trait values. Functional β‐diversity that included ITV increased with spatial extent and decreased with spatial grain, suggesting stronger environmental filtering within spatially extensive landscapes that contain populations locally adapted to different habitats. In contrast, functional β‐diversity based on species‐mean trait values increased with spatial extent but did not change with spatial grain, suggesting weaker environmental filtering among larger communities which each contain a variety of habitats and locally adapted populations. Synthesis. Although studies typically infer community assembly mechanisms from species‐mean trait values, our study suggests that mean trait values may mask the strength of assembly mechanisms such as environmental filtering, especially in landscape‐scale studies that encompass strong environmental gradients and locally adapted populations. Our study highlights the utility of integrating ITV into studies of functional β‐diversity to better understand the ecological conditions under which trait variation within and among species contributes most strongly to patterns of biodiversity across spatial scales.
Reduction of Negative and Positive Association Rule Mining and Maintain Superiority of Rule Using Modified Genetic Algorithm

Association rule mining play important rule in market data analysis and also in medical diagnosis of correlated problem. For the generation of association rule mining various technique are used such as Apriori algorithm, FP-growth and tree based algorithm. Some algorithms are wonder performance but generate negative association rule and also suffered from Superiority measure problem. In this paper we proposed a multi-objective association rule mining based on genetic algorithm and Euclidean distance formula. In this method we find the near distance of rule set using Euclidean distance formula and generate two class higher class and lower class . the validate of class check by distance weight vector. Basically distance weight vector maintain a threshold value of rule itemsets. In whole process we used genetic algorithm for optimization of rule set. Here we set population size is 1000 and selection process validate by distance weight vector. Our proposed algorithm distance weight optimization of association rule mining with genetic algorithm compared with multi-objective association rule optimization using genetic algorithm. Our proposed algorithm is better rule set generation instead of MORA method.
Viral dsRNA‐activated human dendritic cells produce IL‐27, which selectively promotes cytotoxicity in naïve CD8+ T cells

Viral recognition programs DCs to express Signal 3 molecules that promote the differentiation of effector CD8+ T cells. Besides IL‐12, another DC‐derived IL‐12 family member, IL‐27, has been reported to contribute herein, but its specific role is not well understood. Here, we show that whereas IL‐12 potently induces inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IFN‐γ and TNF‐α, but not IL‐2), IL‐27 excels in inducing proliferation and a cytotoxic profile (GrB, cytotoxicity of target cells) in human naïve CD8+ T cells. Compared with bacterial cell‐wall peptidoglycan, viral dsRNA‐mimic poly (I:C) is superior in priming human BDCA1+ peripheral blood DCs to produce IL‐12 and IL‐27, which promote inflammatory cytokines and a cytotoxic profile in differentiating CD8+ T cells, respectively. These data support the concept that viral dsRNA‐activated human DCs produce IL‐27 to act as a specialized procytotoxic, antiviral cytokine in the development of effector CD8+ T cells.
Person-Organization Fit and Incentives: A Causal Test

We investigate the effects of organizational culture and personal value orientations on performance under individual and team contest incentives. We develop a model of regard for others and in-group favoritism predicting interaction effects between organizational culture and personal values in the contest games. The predictions are tested in a computerized lab experiment with exogenous control of both organizational culture and incentives. In line with our theoretical model we find that prosocial (proself) orientated subjects exert more (less) effort in team contests in the primed prosocial organizational culture condition, relative to the neutrally primed baseline condition. Further, when the prosocial organizational culture is combined with individual contest incentives, prosocial subjects no longer outperform their proself counterparts. These findings provide a first, affirmative, causal test of person-organization fit theory. They also suggest the importance of a 'triple-fit' between personal preferences, organizational culture and incentive mechanisms for prosocially orientated individuals.
Climate-Driven Variation in the Intensity of a Host-Symbiont Animal Interaction along a Broad Elevation Gradient

Gradients of environmental stress may affect biotic interactions in unpredictable ways responding to climate variation, depending on the abiotic stress tolerance of interacting partners. Here, we study the effect of local climate on the intensity of feather mites in six mountain passerines along a 1400 m elevational gradient characterized by shifting temperature and rainfall. Although obligatory symbionts of warm-blooded organisms are assumed to live in mild and homeothermic environments, those inhabiting external, non-blood-irrigated body portions of the host organism, such as feather mites, are expected to endure exposure to the direct influence of a fluctuating climate. As expected, feather mite intensity declined with elevation in all bird species, a pattern that was also found in cold-adapted passerines that have typical alpine habits. The elevation cline was mainly explained by a positive effect of the average temperature upon mite intensity in five of the six species studied. Precipitation explained less variance in mite intensity than average temperature, and showed a negative correlation in half of the studied species. We found no climate-driven migration of mites along the wings of birds, no replacement of mite species along elevation gradients and no association with available food resources for mites (estimated by the size of the uropygial gland). This study suggests that ectosymbionts of warm-blooded animals may be highly sensitive to climatic variation and become less abundant under stressful environmental conditions, providing empirical evidence of the decline of specialized biotic interactions among animal species at high elevations.
Interconnection between Wheat ABCC13 Transporter and Auxin-Related Genes during Lateral Root Development

TaABCC13 is member of wheat ABCC subclass of transporters. The RNAi mediated silencing of this transporter in wheat results in lowering of seed phytic acid level and other developmental defects. In addition to that, wheat ABCC13 was involved in cadmium detoxification as evident by the complementation assays in yeast. The appearance of early lateral roots in these transgenic seedlings speculated the possibility for studying the role of localized auxin-mediated effects. In the current study, firstly, the expression of auxin related genes was studied in the transgenic roots. Enhanced expression of genes pertaining to either auxin biosynthesis or its transport was observed in transgenic wheat seedling roots suggesting the direct effect of the hormone. Further, the early emergence of lateral roots in transgenic wheat seedlings was affected due to the presence of auxintransport inhibitor suggesting the direct effect of hormones in root development. In conclusion, herein we provide the novel evidence for the auxin mediated regulation of lateral root emergence in TaABCC13:RNAi seedlings.
Optimal Admission Control and Sequencing in a Make-to-Stock/Make-to-Order Production System

In this paper, we address the problem of admission control and sequencing in a production system that produces two classes of products. The first class of products is made-to-stock, and the firm is contractually obliged to meet demand for this class of products. The second class of products is made-to-order, and the firm has the option to accept (admit) or reject a particular order. The problem is motivated by suppliers in many industries who sign contracts with large manufacturers to supply them with a given product and also can take on additional orders from other sources on a make-to-order basis.We model the joint admission control/sequencing decision in the context of a simple two-classM/ M/1 queue to gain insight into the following problems: 1. How should a firm decide (a) when to accept or reject an additional order, and (b) which type of product to produce next? 2. How should a firm decide what annual quantity of orders to commit to when signing a contract to produce the make-to-stock products?
Bandgap-Engineered in Indium–Gallium–Oxide Ultraviolet Phototransistors

The electrical performance of amorphous indium gallium oxide (a-IGO) thin-film transistors applied as deep-ultraviolet (DUV) phototransistors is investigated. It was found that the bandgap of a-IGO can be engineered by altering its chemical composition. The performance of the phototransistors depended strongly on In2O3 content in the IGO film. When the indium content increases from 21% to 31%, the phototransistor cutoff red-shifted from 280 to 320 nm. The DUV-to-visible rejection ratio and photoresponsivity of the fabricated phototransistors were ~105 and 0.18 A/W.
D19S Mutation of the Cationic, Cysteine-Rich Protein PAF: Novel Insights into Its Structural Dynamics, Thermal Unfolding and Antifungal Function

The cysteine-rich, cationic, antifungal protein PAF is abundantly secreted into the culture supernatant of the filamentous Ascomycete Penicillium chrysogenum. The five β-strands of PAF form a compact β-barrel that is stabilized by three disulphide bonds. The folding of PAF allows the formation of four surface-exposed loops and distinct charged motifs on the protein surface that might regulate the interaction of PAF with the sensitive target fungus. The growth inhibitory activity of this highly stable protein against opportunistic fungal pathogens provides great potential in antifungal drug research. To understand its mode of action, we started to investigate the surface-exposed loops of PAF and replaced one aspartic acid at position 19 in loop 2 that is potentially involved in PAF active or binding site, with a serine (Asp19 to Ser19). We analysed the overall effects, such as unfolding, electrostatic changes, sporadic conformers and antifungal activity when substituting this specific amino acid to the fairly indifferent amino acid serine. Structural analyses revealed that the overall 3D solution structure is virtually identical with that of PAF. However, PAFD19S showed slightly increased dynamics and significant differences in the surface charge distribution. Thermal unfolding identified PAFD19S to be rather a two-state folder in contrast to the three-state folder PAF. Functional comparison of PAFD19S and PAF revealed that the exchange at residue 19 caused a dramatic loss of antifungal activity: the binding and internalization of PAFD19S by target cells was reduced and the protein failed to trigger an intracellular Ca2+ response, all of which are closely linked to the antifungal toxicity of PAF. We conclude that the negatively charged residue Asp19 in loop 2 is essential for full function of the cationic protein PAF.
Accuracy of Intraoral Digital Impressions for Whole Upper Jaws, Including Full Dentitions and Palatal Soft Tissues

Intraoral digital impressions have been stated to meet the clinical requirements for some teeth-supported restorations, though fewer evidences were proposed for larger scanning range. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy (trueness and precision) of intraoral digital impressions for whole upper jaws, including the full dentitions and palatal soft tissues, as well as to determine the effect of different palatal vault height or arch width on accuracy of intraoral digital impressions. Thirty-two volunteers were divided into three groups according to the palatal vault height or arch width. Each volunteer received three scans with TRIOS intraoral scanner and one conventional impression of whole upper jaw. Three-dimensional (3D) images digitized from conventional gypsum casts by a laboratory scanner were chose as the reference models. All datasets were imported to a specific software program for 3D analysis by "best fit alignment" and "3D compare" process. Color-coded deviation maps showed qualitative visualization of the deviations. For the digital impressions for palatal soft tissues, trueness was (130.54±33.95)μm and precision was (55.26±11.21)μm. For the digital impressions for upper full dentitions, trueness was (80.01±17.78)μm and precision was (59.52±11.29)μm. Larger deviations were found between intraoral digital impressions and conventional impressions in the areas of palatal soft tissues than that in the areas of full dentitions (p<0.001). Precision of digital impressions for palatal soft tissues was slightly better than that for full dentitions (p = 0.049). There was no significant effect of palatal vault height on accuracy of digital impressions for palatal soft tissues (p>0.05), but arch width was found to have a significant effect on precision of intraoral digital impressions for full dentitions (p = 0.016). A linear correlation was found between arch width and precision of digital impressions for whole upper jaws (r = 0.326, p = 0.034 for palatal soft tissues and r = 0.485, p = 0.002 for full dentitions). It was feasible to use the intraoral scanner to obtain digital impressions for whole upper jaws. Wider dental arch contributed to lower precision of an intraoral digital impression. It should be confirmed in further studies that whether accuracy of digital impressions for whole upper jaws is clinically acceptable.
Promising neuroprotective strategies for traumatic spinal cord injury with a focus on the differential effects among anatomical levels of injury

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition of motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. The significant cost associated with the management and lifetime care of patients with SCI also presents a major economic burden. For these reasons, there is a need to develop and translate strategies that can improve outcomes following SCI. Given the challenges in achieving regeneration of the injured spinal cord, neuroprotection has been at the forefront of clinical translation. Yet, despite many preclinical advances, there has been limited translation into the clinic apart from methylprednisolone (which remains controversial), hypertensive therapy to maintain spinal cord perfusion, and early decompressive surgery. While there are several factors related to the limited translational success, including the clinical and mechanistic heterogeneity of human SCI, the misalignment between animal models of SCI and clinical reality continues to be an important factor. Whereas most clinical cases are at the cervical level, only a small fraction of preclinical research is conducted in cervical models of SCI. Therefore, this review highlights the most promising neuroprotective and neural reparative therapeutic strategies undergoing clinical assessment, including riluzole, hypothermia, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, glibenclamide, minocycline, Cethrin (VX-210), and anti-Nogo-A antibody, and emphasizes their efficacy in relation to the anatomical level of injury. Our hope is that more basic research will be conducted in clinically relevant cervical SCI models in order to expedite the transition of important laboratory discoveries into meaningful treatment options for patients with SCI.
Cultural enrichment: Connecting African American elementary children to academic achievement

CULTURAL ENRICHMENT: CONNECTING AFRICAN AMERICAN ELEMENTARY CHILDREN TO ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT by DEBORAH L. WINSTON May 2012 Advisor: Dr. Janice E. Hale Major: Curriculum and Instruction Degree: Doctor of Philosophy The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reported academic achievement and participation in extracurricular, community-based and religious activities among African American elementary school children. The study further sought to examine the impact of participation in extracurricular, community-based, and religious activities on the students’ school behavior, goal orientation and academic-related perceptions, beliefs, and strategies. A nonexperimental, descriptive research design was used in this study. Two surveys, the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales (PALS) and a short demographic survey were used to collect data from the students in the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades who were attending a public school academy located in an urban area in a large Midwestern state. A total of 102 students participated in the study. The sample included 36 fourth grade, 33 fifth grade, and 33 sixth grade students. The students were between 8 and 13 years of age, with the fourth grade students ranging from 8 to 11 years, fifth grade students ranging from 9 to 12 years, and sixth grade students ranging from 10 to 13 years. The findings of the study indicated that the students were involved in many school-based
Prevalence and Characteristics of Chronic Intensive Care–Related Pain: The Role of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

Objective:There is only limited knowledge about chronic pain conditions resulting from critical care. Experimental and clinical data suggest a close relationship between inflammation and pain perception. Since sepsis is the most severe form of systemic inflammation, the primary objective was to evaluate chronic pain states and functional impairment of septic and nonseptic patients 6 months after discharge from ICU. Second, we aimed to obtain the total prevalence and characteristics of chronic ICU-related pain. Design:Case-control study. Setting:Observational study in long-term survivors of mixed surgical and medical ICUs. Patients:Septic and nonseptic survivors of critical care (n = 207) and healthy controls (n = 46). Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:We collected comprehensive information on patients’ past and present pain 6 months after ICU discharge by means of the German pain questionnaire. Pain intensity levels and pain interference ratings were compared between septic and nonseptic patients and healthy controls. We found no differences in prevalence, severity, and interference of pain between septic and nonseptic patients. However, both patient groups differed significantly from controls. In secondary analysis, a third of all patients reported chronic clinically relevant pain associated with the ICU stay 6 months after ICU discharge. Half of these patients experienced chronic pain conditions before ICU admission and reported additional sources of pain. Most important, 16% of all patients had no preexisting pain condition and now experience chronic ICU-related pain. The majority of patients with chronic ICU-related pain reported a high degree of disabling pain, limiting daily activities. Conclusions:A high percentage of former ICU patients develop chronic pain conditions associated with critical care. These patients differ significantly from control data in terms of pain intensity and show high levels of interference with pain. The presence of sepsis per se seems to play a marginal role for the development of chronic ICU-related pain.
Gambling behaviors among youth involved in juvenile and family courts

Problem gambling currently affects between 5-7% of youth ages 12-18 (Hardooon & Derevensky, 2002); however, rates of problem gambling among youth who are involved with the Juvenile Justice System are more than twice that of school sample rates (Lieberman & Cuadrado, 2002). Furthermore, disordered gambling often co-occurs with substance use and criminal activity (Huang & Boyer, 2007), issues that are compounded in the Juvenile Justice population. The current study assessed gambling behaviors and risk factors of 145 youth involved in juvenile, juvenile drug, and family courts. Results indicated that nearly 13% of these youth are currently problem gamblers, and that males and African-Americans had higher problem gambling rates than female and Caucasian youth. Furthermore, gambling-related crime, substance use, scope of gambling activities, and time in detention facilities were all predictive of problem gambling severity, while suicidal ideation, urban environment, and lottery sales per capita were not. Finally, having a parent with a gambling problem also emerged as a risk factor; however, the risk was greater for males than for females. These results present a distinct need for youth to be screened for gambling problems upon entering and exiting the Juvenile Justice System, and for prevention and intervention services to be offered within juvenile and family court settings. Furthermore, communities need to take an active role in preventing youth gambling problems through increasing public awareness and insuring that appropriate and accurate messages reflecting gambling opportunities and outcomes are presented. INDEX WORDS: Problem gambling, Youth, Juvenile Justice System, South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised for Adolescents, Substance use, Delinquency GAMBLING BEHAVIORS AMONG YOUTH INVOLVED IN JUVENILE AND FAMILY COURTS