Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Developmental Scale to Assist in the Prevention of Learning Disability1,2

THIS research is part of a pilot study which hypothesized that children with problems in perceptual-motor, bodily schema, and/ or language development can be identified by kindergarten age and then trained in areas of deficit. The Sapir Developmental Scale (c) (Sapir, 1966) mas used t o identify children with developmental lags a t the kindergarten age. Levels of development have been considered good predictors of intellectual and academic growth (Gesell, 1925). Emphasis has been placed on perceptual-motor functioning (Silver and Hagin, 1965), visual perception (Frostig, 1965) , bodily schema (Kephart, 1960), language development (Deutsch, 1964) , and sensory integration (Birch and Lefford, 1963) , and their relationship to reading and intelligence. The following hypotheses mill be tested; (1) developmental differences can be identified a t the kindergarten level; (2) they tend
The impact of political cues on information seeking and the need for cognitive closure

The impact of political cues on information seeking and the need for cognitive closure. ii To Mandy iii The human understanding when it has once adopted an opinion (either as being the received opinion or as being agreeable to itself) draws all things else to support and agree with it. Francis Bacon The New Organon iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to thank all of the people who contributed to me getting to this point. I want to thank my parents, Jeff and Marie, for providing a nurturing environment and always encouraging me to read and learn. I want to thank my advisor, Paul Windschitl, for choosing to take a chance on a student who didn't even know how to apply to grad school correctly and for teaching me the value of being deliberate. Finally, I want to thank my amazing wife Mandy. She has supported me in every way possible: financially, intellectually, and emotionally. Thank you for allowing me to always take a chance in the pursuit of my dreams. I love you and owe you everything. v ABSTRACT Previous research has demonstrated that the political ideology one adopts is strongly influenced by three social-cognitive motives: motives to reduce uncertainty, manage threats, and experience solidarity. The goal of the current studies was to examine the possibility that this relationship might also work in reverse, with political ideology influencing social-cognitive motives. To this end, four studies examined the impact of conservative cues on need for cognitive closure (NFCC), a measure of motivation to reduce uncertainty, and tested between three accounts of the impact of conservative cues on selective exposure (SE) to confirming information, the primary measure of NFCC in the current studies. Studies 1-3 examined how exposure to the American flag, a conservative cue, impacted SE (Studies 1 and 3) and the accessibility of NFCC (Study 2). Study 4 examined how exposure to partisan news sources impacted SE. Exposure to conservative cues may increase SE by making political group membership salient, resulting in the defensive engagement in SE to maintain a positive view of one's political in-group (social identity account), or by priming the political stereotype that conservatives are high in NFCC, which individuals (stereotype priming account) or only conservatives (active self-concept account) assimilate towards. The four studies produced mixed results, but overall, were most supportive of the stereotype priming account. Specifically, there was evidence that exposure to conservative cues increased SE …
Xingxueanthus: An Enigmatic Jurassic Seed Plant and Its Implications for the Origin of Angiospermy

The origin of angiosperms has been tantalizing botanists for centuries. Despite the efforts of palaeobotanists, most of the pre‐Cretaceous angiosperms are regarded either non‐convincing or misdated. The applications of SEM and LM (light microscope) enable us to recognize a coalified fossil plant, Xingxueanthus sinensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Haifanggou Formation (Middle Jurassic, >160 Ma) in western Liaoning, China. Xingxueanthus is an “inflorescence” with more than 20 female units spirally arranged. Each female unit is situated in the axil of a bract. The female unit is composed of an ovule‐container and a style‐like projection at the top. There is a vertical column bearing several ovules in the ovule‐container. The general morphology and the internal structure of Xingxueanthus distinguish itself from any known fossil and extant gymnosperms, and its structures are more comparable to those of angiosperms. Xingxueanthus, if taken as a gymnosperm, would represent a new class, demonstrate an evolutionarily advanced status of ovule‐protection in gymnosperms never seen before, and provide new insights into the origin of angiospermy. Alternatively, if taken as an angiosperm, together with Schmeissneria, it would increase the diversity of Jurassic angiosperms, which has been underestimated for a long time, and suggest a much earlier origin of angiospermy than currently accepted.
POLITICAL IDEOLOGY AND CONSUMER PREFERENCES

OF DISSERTATION POLITICAL IDEOLOGY AND CONSUMER PREFERENCES Despite continued polarization along political party lines, it remains unclear how differences in political ideology impact the choices consumers make. The results of seven studies indicate that political ideology profoundly influences the way consumers think and behave. Liberals and conservatives are systematically drawn to distinct choice preferences where liberals prefer hedonic, novel, and desirable options, while conservatives prefer utilitarian, status quo, and feasible options. These findings are robust for multiple measures of political ideology across multiple choice sets. Differences in behavior are explained by the amount of deliberation used for a given decision. Liberals deliberate more than conservatives as they are more open to information while conservatives have a lower tolerance for ambiguous information. Implications for consumers, marketers, and policy makers are provided.
Throughput and Fairness of Collision Avoidance Protocols in Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract : Wireless ad hoc networks have received increasing interest in recent years because of their potential to be used in a variety of applications without the aid of any pre-existing network infrastructure. Due to the scarce channel bandwidth available in ad hoc networks, the design of efficient and effective medium access control (MAC) protocols that regulate nodes' access to a shared channel has become the subject of active research in recent years. Many MAC protocols have been proposed to mitigate the adverse effects of hidden terminals through collision avoidance. In Section 1, The authors present an analytical modeling to derive the saturation throughput of these sender-initiated collision avoidance protocols in multi-hop ad hoc networks with nodes randomly placed according to a two-dimensional Poisson distribution. They show that the sender-initiated collision-avoidance scheme achieves much higher throughput than the ideal CSMA scheme with a separate channel for acknowledgments. They also show that the collision-avoidance scheme can accommodate far fewer competing nodes within a region in a network infested with hidden terminals than in a fully connected network, if reasonable throughput is to be maintained. Simulations of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol and one of its variants validate the predictions made in the analysis. The simulation results also reveal the fairness problem in IEEE 802.11, which refers to the severe throughput degradation of some nodes due to their unfavorable locations in the network and the commonly used binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm that always favors the node that last succeeds. Section 2 introduce a framework to address the fairness problem and propose a topology-aware fair access (TAFA) scheme to realize the framework. Simulation results show that TAFA can solve the fairness problem in UDP-based applications with negligible degradation in throughput. Section 3 concludes this chapter with directions for future work.
An efficient method for distributing wind speeds over heterogeneous terrain

High spatial variability of wind over mountain landscapes can create strong gradients in mass and in energy fluxes at the scale of tens of metres. Variable winds are often cited as the cause of high heterogeneity in snow distribution in non‐forested mountain locations. Distributed models capable of capturing the variability in these fluxes require a time series of distributed wind data at a comparably fine spatial scale. Application of atmospheric and surface wind flow models in these regions has been limited by our ability to represent this complex process in a computationally efficient manner. Simplified models based on terrain and vegetation parameters are not as explicit as more complex, fluid‐flow models, but are computationally efficient for real‐time operational use. We developed and applied a simplified wind model based on analysis of upwind terrain to predict wind speeds across diverse topographies at three mountainous research locations. Each site was instrumented with a network of wind sensors to capture the full range of wind variability present. Differences in upwind topography were significantly related (p < 0·0001) to wind‐speed differences between sites. Wind speeds at each sensor location were modelled from each of the other intra‐site locations as if data from only one sensor were available. The wind model explained 69% of the observed variance with a mean absolute prediction error of 0·8 m/s, 19% of the observed wind mean. These results were very encouraging given the inherent complexity and profound variability of processes determining wind patterns in these systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sparse Temporal Difference Learning Using LASSO

We consider the problem of on-line value function estimation in reinforcement learning. We concentrate on the function approximator to use. To try to break the curse of dimensionality, we focus on non parametric function approximators. We propose to fit the use of kernels into the temporal difference algorithms by using regression via the LASSO. We introduce the equi-gradient descent algorithm (EGD) which is a direct adaptation of the one recently introduced in the LARS algorithm family for solving the LASSO. We advocate our choice of the EGD as a judicious algorithm for these tasks. We present the EGD algorithm in details as well as some experimental results. We insist on the qualities of the EGD for reinforcement learning.
The Need for a “ Psychoanalytic Psychology ” in the Cognitive Science Field

Cognitive science has incorporated seminal concepts of psychoanalysis without acknowledging this influence. This article covers psychoanalytic ideas already incorporatedimplicitly or explicitly-in modern cognitive psychology, as well as ideas whose inclusion would benefit the cognitive field. These include the emphasis on mental models, mind-body interaction, unconscious processes, dual processes of thought, and naturalistic research milieus. The article discusses reasons why the psychoanalytic roots of these ideas have not been acknowledged and shows how the theories of multiple coding and the referential process provide a basis for bridging the psychoanalytic and cognitive science fields. Finally, it is argued that scientific psychology requires a subfield of psychoanalytic psychology that covers the integration of information-processing functions, including somatic and emotional processes, in the context of an individual’s overall goals.
Semantic Segmentation Tree for Image Content Representation

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for representing image content by constructing a hierarchy of semantic image regions, called a Semantic Segmentation Tree (SSeg-tree). First, the hill-manipulation algorithm divides an image into several visually coherent segments (small regions), which form the leaves of the SSeg-tree. Then, the method groups these segments based on well-defined spatio-visual grouping rules to produce bigger and more semantic regions, which form the intermediate nodes of the SSeg-tree. The SSeg-tree is a region-based description of the image semantic content that could be useful in many applications such as CBIR and filtering unwanted objects.
Spatial-Temporal NDVI Variation of Different Alpine Grassland Classes and Groups in Northern Tibet from 2000 to 2013

The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can usually be used as a good proxy for evaluating potential variability in regional ecosystems and under climate change. We used 16-day MODIS-NDVI composite satellite data with 250-m resolution for the period 2000 to 2013 to assess the temporal and spatial variation of the NDVI among different alpine grassland classes and groups in northern Tibet. The annual average NDVI of the whole alpine grassland area in northern Tibet generally increased slightly from 2000 to 2003, and the annual average NDVI values ranged from 0.112 to 0.492 across all alpine grassland groups and years. The NDVI clearly decreased from the southeastern to the northwestern areas, with 22.50% of total grasslands significantly having increased or decreased, while 77.50% presented little change during 2000–2013. Both temperature and precipitation were key factors that controlled the NDVI variations of the entire alpine grassland. However, for different alpine grassland classes and groups, the NDVI displayed different correlation patterns with temperature and precipitation. Our results demonstrate that the NDVI variations of alpine grassland generally increased slightly but differed among different classes and groups. Although temperature and precipitation were the driving forces influencing the NDVI of the entire alpine grassland, it was more difficult to define the driving forces for the individual classes and groups, and more detailed analyses covering prolonged observation periods are still needed.
Term Pregnancy: A Period of Heterogeneous Risk for Infant Mortality

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the trend of maternal racial and ethnic differences in mortality for early-term (37 0/7 to 38 6/7 weeks of gestation) compared with full-term births (39 0/7 to 41 6/7 weeks of gestation). METHODS: We analyzed 46,329,018 singleton live births using the National Center for Health Statistics U.S. period-linked birth and infant death data from 1995 to 2006. Infant mortality rates, neonatal mortality rates, and postneonatal mortality rates were calculated according to gestational age, race and ethnicity, and cause of death. RESULTS: Overall, infant mortality rates have decreased for early-term and full-term births between 1995 and 2006. At 37 weeks of gestation, Hispanics had the greatest decline in infant mortality rates (35.4%; 4.8 per 1,000 to 3.1 per 1,000) followed by 22.4% for whites (4.9 per 1,000 to 3.8 per 1,000); blacks had the smallest decline (6.8%; 5.9 per 1,000 to 5.5 per 1,000) as a result of a stagnant neonatal mortality rate. At 37 weeks compared with 40 weeks of gestation, neonatal mortality rates increase. For Hispanics, the relative risk is 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0–3.3); for whites, the relative risk is 2.6 (95% CI 2.2–3.1); and for blacks, the relative risk is 2.9 (95% CI 2.2–3.8). Neonatal mortality rates are still increased at 38 weeks of gestation. At both early- and full-term gestations, neonatal mortality rates for blacks are 40% higher than for whites and postneonatal mortality rates 80% higher, whereas Hispanics have a reduced postneonatal mortality rate when compared with whites. CONCLUSION: Early-term births are associated with higher neonatal, postneonatal, and infant mortality rates compared with full-term births with concerning racial and ethnic disparity in rates and trends. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Distinct Effects of Lexical and Semantic Competition during Picture Naming in Younger Adults, Older Adults, and People with Aphasia

Producing a word requires selecting among a set of similar alternatives. When many semantically related items become activated, the difficulty of the selection process is increased. Experiment 1 tested naming of items with either multiple synonymous labels (“Alternate Names,” e.g., gift/present) or closely semantically related but non-equivalent responses (“Near Semantic Neighbors,” e.g., jam/jelly). Picture naming was fastest and most accurate for pictures with only one label (“High Name Agreement”), slower and less accurate in the Alternate Names condition, and slowest and least accurate in the Near Semantic Neighbors condition. These results suggest that selection mechanisms in picture naming operate at two distinct levels of processing: selecting between similar but non-equivalent names requires two selection processes (semantic and lexical), whereas selecting among equivalent names only requires one selection at the lexical level. Experiment 2 examined how these selection mechanisms are affected by normal aging and found that older adults had significantly more difficulty in the Near Semantic Neighbors condition, but not in the Alternate Names condition. This suggests that aging affects semantic processing and selection more strongly than it affects lexical selection. Experiment 3 examined the role of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) in these selection processes by testing individuals with aphasia secondary to stroke lesions that either affected the LIFG or spared it. Surprisingly, there was no interaction between condition and lesion group: the presence of LIFG damage was not associated with substantively worse naming performance for pictures with multiple acceptable labels. These results are not consistent with a simple view of LIFG as the locus of lexical selection and suggest a more nuanced view of the neural basis of lexical and semantic selection.
Closed mitral valvotomy: early results and long-term follow-up of 3724 consecutive patients.

Between 1956 and 1980 closed mitral valvotomies were performed in 3724 consecutive patients (male:female ratio 1.1:1) with mitral stenoses. Their ages ranged from 6 to 69 years, with a mean (SD) of 27.3 (9.3). Mitral stenosis in the younger age group is a unique condition and a great majority of these patients rapidly develop significant pulmonary hypertension and congestive cardiac failure. In this study a large number of subjects belonged to functional class IV (41.5%). Hospital mortality was 1.5% over the last 5 years. After valvotomy, 11 patients (0.3%) developed severe mitral regurgitation that made valve replacement necessary in the immediate postoperative period. Early postoperative embolism occurred in 0.4% of those who were in atrial fibrillation and had preoperative anticoagulation whereas it occurred in 0.95% of those in sinus rhythm who had no anticoagulation. Late postoperative embolism occurred at a rate of 0.3 to 1.6 per 1000 patients per year over a 20 year period. Rheumatic reactivity occurred at a rate of 1.3 to 2.2 per 1000 patients per year during the same period. Rate of occurrence of restenosis varied from 4.2 to 11.4 per 1000 patients per year between the fifth and fifteenth year of follow-up. Closed transventricular revalvotomy for restenosis was accomplished in 130 subjects with a 6.7% mortality. Excellent symptomatic improvement was evident in 86% of long-term survivors at the end of 15 years. Actuarial survival was 95%, 93.1%, 89.5%, and 84.2% at 6, 12, 18, and 24 years, respectively, after closed mitral valvotomy. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
T cells expressing an anti-B-cell maturation antigen chimeric antigen receptor cause remissions of multiple myeloma.

Therapies with novel mechanisms of action are needed for multiple myeloma (MM). B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is expressed in most cases of MM. We conducted the first-in-humans clinical trial of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting BCMA. T cells expressing the CAR used in this work (CAR-BCMA) specifically recognized BCMA-expressing cells. Twelve patients received CAR-BCMA T cells in this dose-escalation trial. Among the 6 patients treated on the lowest 2 dose levels, limited antimyeloma activity and mild toxicity occurred. On the third dose level, 1 patient obtained a very good partial remission. Two patients were treated on the fourth dose level of 9 × 10(6) CAR(+) T cells/kg body weight. Before treatment, the first patient on the fourth dose level had chemotherapy-resistant MM, making up 90% of bone marrow cells. After treatment, bone marrow plasma cells became undetectable by flow cytometry, and the patient's MM entered a stringent complete remission that lasted for 17 weeks before relapse. The second patient on the fourth dose level had chemotherapy-resistant MM making up 80% of bone marrow cells before treatment. Twenty-eight weeks after this patient received CAR-BCMA T cells, bone marrow plasma cells were undetectable by flow cytometry, and the serum monoclonal protein had decreased by >95%. This patient is in an ongoing very good partial remission. Both patients treated on the fourth dose level had toxicity consistent with cytokine-release syndrome including fever, hypotension, and dyspnea. Both patients had prolonged cytopenias. Our findings demonstrate antimyeloma activity of CAR-BCMA T cells. This trial was registered to www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT02215967.
Utilización del autoaprendizaje basado en métodos cooperativos para la enseñanza del marketing en carreras de ingeniería.

1 Departamento de Organizacion Industrial e Investigacion Comercial de Mercados. Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales de la Universidad de Valladolid. Paseo del Cauce s/n, 47011 Valladolid. psangulo@eis.uva. es, debenito@eis.uva. es, arauzo@eis.uva. es Departamento de Ingenieria Civil. Escuela Politecnica Superior. EPS (La Milanera) carretera de Villadiego s/n, 09001 Burgos. rdelolmo@ubu.es
The RNA Binding Protein Tudor-SN Is Essential for Stress Tolerance and Stabilizes Levels of Stress-Responsive mRNAs Encoding Secreted Proteins in Arabidopsis[C][W][OA]

This study describes the role of Tudor-SN in optimal stress tolerance throughout the life cycle of Arabidopsis. It finds evidence suggestive of new mechanisms regulating the metabolism of mRNAs entering the secretory pathway. Tudor-SN (TSN) copurifies with the RNA-induced silencing complex in animal cells where, among other functions, it is thought to act on mRNA stability via the degradation of specific dsRNA templates. In plants, TSN has been identified biochemically as a cytoskeleton-associated RNA binding activity. In eukaryotes, it has recently been identified as a conserved primary target of programmed cell death–associated proteolysis. We have investigated the physiological role of TSN by isolating null mutations for two homologous genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. The double mutant tsn1 tsn2 displays only mild growth phenotypes under nonstress conditions, but germination, growth, and survival are severely affected under high salinity stress. Either TSN1 or TSN2 alone can complement the double mutant, indicating their functional redundancy. TSN accumulates heterogeneously in the cytosol and relocates transiently to a diffuse pattern in response to salt stress. Unexpectedly, stress-regulated mRNAs encoding secreted proteins are significantly enriched among the transcripts that are underrepresented in tsn1 tsn2. Our data also reveal that TSN is important for RNA stability of its targets. These findings show that TSN is essential for stress tolerance in plants and implicate TSN in new, potentially conserved mechanisms acting on mRNAs entering the secretory pathway.