Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Creativity in Computer Environments

This study investigated the effects of a theoretically based Logo environment on creativity. Seventy-three eight-year-old children were tested to assess pretreatment level of creativity and achievement and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Logo computer programming, comparison (nonLogo creativity treatment), or nontreatment control. After 25 weeks of treatment, the Logo programming group had significantly higher scores than either of the other groups on the total assessment of figural creativity, and both the Logo and comparison group had significantly higher scores than the control group on verbal creativity. Certain aspects of both figural and verbal creativity (e.g., originality) were more strongly affected than other aspects (e.g., fluency). This extends previous research by indicating that certain Logo environments can enhance creativity in verbal, as well as figural, domains. These results militate against the sole acceptance of a domain-specific hypothesis of Logo’s influence on creative performance (i.e., enhancement of figural associative networks); instead, both this domain-specific hypothesis and a process-based hypothesis (i. e., metacomponential enhancement) received some support. An implication is that certain computer environments may offer unique opportunities for the enhancement of both figural and verbal creativity.
Development and Validation of the Personal Strengths Inventory Using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses

The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of the scores on a brief strengths-based assessment, the 22-item Personal Strengths Inventory (PSI). In Study 1, findings from exploratory factor analysis of 410 adolescents provided evidence for a five-factor solution—social competence (four items), emotional awareness (five items), goal setting (six items), emotional regulation (four items), and empathy (three items). Preliminary evidence of convergent validity was also reported. In Study 2, results from confirmatory factor analysis of 598 adolescents provided additional support for the results obtained from Study 1. Moderate to high reliability coefficients were obtained for the PSI scores. The results are discussed in comparison with other research on social—emotional competence, and further research is suggested.
New waves of immigration to small towns and rural areas in Portugal

In the last decade the geography of immigration to Portugal has undergone profound change. In particular there has been a diversification of sending countries, and Eastern Europe, especially the Ukraine, Moldova, Romania and Russia, has become a major origin of migrants. The majority have settled in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, but there is dispersal to all parts of the country. This paper examines recent immigration trends to small towns and rural areas in Portugal and discusses its effects on regional development. The study is based upon the analysis of official data sources and interviews carried out in municipalities located in the Alentejo region. This region remains rural with a significant ageing population and is undergoing a process of demographic decline. Following the analysis of the settlement patterns and the integration of immigrants in the labour market, some remarks are made about future trends of immigration to rural regions experiencing population loss, and its impacts upon the regional development process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial Analysis of Trees Composition, Diversity and Richnesss in the Built up Areas of University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

The study investigated the spatial analysis of trees composition, diversity and richness in the built up area of University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Four quadrats of 25m x 25m size were laid randomly in each of the three parks and inventories of trees ≥10cm girth at breast height were taken and used to calculate the species composition, diversity and richness. Results showed that species composition and diversity in Abuja Park was the highest with 134 species and 0.866 respectively while the species richness was highest in Choba Park with a value of 2.496. The correlation between the size of park (spatial coverage) and species composition was 0.99 while the correlation between the size of the park and species diversity was 0.78. There was direct relationship between species composition and diversity while the relationship between species composition and species richness was inversely proportional. Rational use of these resources is encouraged. Keywords—Built up area, composition, diversity, richness, spatial analysis, urban tree.
Mast Cells Regulate Wound Healing in Diabetes

Diabetic foot ulceration is a severe complication of diabetes that lacks effective treatment. Mast cells (MCs) contribute to wound healing, but their role in diabetes skin complications is poorly understood. Here we show that the number of degranulated MCs is increased in unwounded forearm and foot skin of patients with diabetes and in unwounded dorsal skin of diabetic mice (P < 0.05). Conversely, postwounding MC degranulation increases in nondiabetic mice, but not in diabetic mice. Pretreatment with the MC degranulation inhibitor disodium cromoglycate rescues diabetes-associated wound-healing impairment in mice and shifts macrophages to the regenerative M2 phenotype (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, nondiabetic and diabetic mice deficient in MCs have delayed wound healing compared with their wild-type (WT) controls, implying that some MC mediator is needed for proper healing. MCs are a major source of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in mouse skin, but the level of VEGF is reduced in diabetic mouse skin, and its release from human MCs is reduced in hyperglycemic conditions. Topical treatment with the MC trigger substance P does not affect wound healing in MC-deficient mice, but improves it in WT mice. In conclusion, the presence of nondegranulated MCs in unwounded skin is required for proper wound healing, and therapies inhibiting MC degranulation could improve wound healing in diabetes.
A Case‐Control Study of Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma and the Herbicide 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2, 4‐D) in Eastern Nebraska

To evaluate the role of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), we conducted a population-based, case-control study in 66 counties in eastern Nebraska. Telephone interviews were conducted with 201 white men diagnosed with NHL between July 1, 1983, and June 30, 1986, and with 725 controls. There was a 50% excess of NHL among men who mixed or applied 2,4-D (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5; 95% confidence interval = 0.9, 2.5). The risk of NHL increased with the average frequency of use to over threefold for those exposed 20 or more days per year (p for trend = 0.051). Adjusting for use of organophosphate insecticides lowered the risk estimate for frequent users (OR = 1.8), but adjustment for fungicide use increased the risk estimate (OR = 4.5). Simultaneous adjustment for organophosphates and fungicides yielded an OR of 3.1 for farmers who mixed or applied 2,4-D more than 20 days per year. Risk also increased with degree of exposure, as indicated by application method and time spent in contaminated clothing, but not with the number of years of 2,4-D use or failure to use protective equipment. Although other pesticides, especially organophosphate insecticides, may be related to NHL, the risk associated with 2,4-D does not appear to be explained completely by these other exposures
Predicting Needs: A Longitudinal Investigation of the Relation between Student Characteristics, Academic Paths, and Self-Authorship

Using a survey of self-authorship (Pizzolato, 2004), this longitudinal study investigated to what extent particular student characteristics (e.g., demographics characteristics, academic preparation characteristics) and the college environment (i.e., academic and living environment) influence self-authorship development. Findings in this exploratory study with 368 undergraduate students suggest that when subscales of self-authorship were explored some student characteristics (e.g., sex, prior academic experiences, being a transfer student) and the college academic environment significantly predicted various subscales of self-authorship development. This research adds to our understanding of the complexity of self-authorship and what contributes to students' development of self-authorship.
'Commitment' and Motivation in Primary School Teachers.

ABSTRACT Analysis of the use made by ninety‐three primary school teachers of the word ‘commitment’ revealed that they were using it in four different senses‐‐as caring, a concern for occupational competence, personal identification as ‘teacher’, and career‐continuance. The first two involve a readiness to devote personal resources (e.g. time, money) to work; the last two suggest an intention to make a career in teaching. All suggest different motives for entering and remaining in teaching. ‘Commitment’ is also used as a means of distinguising between individuals and groups of teachers.
Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) Lung Disease in Two Inner City Community Hospitals: Recognition, Prevalence, Co-Infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) and Pulmonary Function (PF) Improvements After Treatment

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to separate MAC lung disease from colonization and to define indications for treatment. Materials and Methodology: Over 4 years, we evaluated patients who had positive MAC cultures, MAC infection and coinfection with MTB. In the first study, 42 immunocompetent patients with sputum or BAL culture positive only for MAC during a single year (2004) were reviewed. On clinical and radiographic review, they were classified as disease related to MAC, likely related to MAC or unrelated to MAC. In the second study, we reviewed all immunocompetent patients, during two years (2004-2005), whose respiratory secretions cultured both MTB and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). In the last study, we evaluated pulmonary function (PF) in patients with MAC infection before and after therapy (2006- 2007). PF was evaluated in patients following ATS guidelines. Results: Lung disease was related/likely related to MAC in 21 patients (50%) and not related in 21 (50%). In patients with MAC-related lung disease, the primary physician did not consider the diagnosis except when that physician was a pulmonologist. Half of those with MAC-related lung disease were smokers, white and US-born. There were 12 immunocompetent patients with MTB and NTM cultures. Eleven were non-white and all were foreign-born. Presentation and clinical course were consistent with MTB. All 8 patients with abnormal PF improved. Conclusions: The prevalence of MAC lung infection in two inner city hospitals was four times higher than that of TB. The indication for treatment of MAC infection should also rely heavily on clinical and radiological evidence when there is only one positive sputum culture. The diagnosis was considered only when the admitting physician was a pulmonologist. Most patients with combined infection were clinically consistent with MTB and responded to anti MTB treatment alone. Treatment with anti-MAC therapy improved PF in those patients whose PF was abnormal to begin with.
The Impact of Corporations on the Settlement of Migrant Workers: Koreans in Alabama, USA

In this article, I examine how the short-term and long-term settlement patterns of South Korean migrant workers differ by their migration mechanisms: corporate driven or individual driven. Using 42 in-depth interviews conducted in Alabama in the USA from June 2012 to January 2014, I find that the migrants have different experiences throughout their settlement depending on their corporate contexts of migration. The findings suggest that corporate-driven migrants have a better set-up in the first place due to organisational assistance while individual-driven migrants are more susceptible to various problems. Such disparities continue to have impacts on the migrants' life trajectories in the long run. This indicates that to what extent the employers are involved in the migration and settlement processes and the way in which they treat the workers can create inequalities among migrant workers.
Gender Differences in Seff-Perceptions: Convergent Evidence from Three Measures of Accuracy and Bias

This research assessed gender differences in the accuracy of self-perceptions. Do males and females with equal ability have similar self-perceptions of their ability? Three measures of accuracy were used: accuracy of self-evaluations, calibration for individual questions, and response bias. As hypothesized, for a masculine task, significant gender differences were found for all three measures: Females' self-evaluations of performance were inaccurately low, their confidence statements for individual questions were less wel calibrated than males; and their response bias was more conservative than males'. None of these gender differences were found for feminine and neutral tasks. As hypothesized, strong self-consistency tendencies were found. Expectancies emerged as an important predictor of self-evaluations of performance for both genders and could account for females' inaccurately low self-evaluations on the masculine task. How females' inaccurate self-perceptions might negatively affect achievement behavior and curtail their participation in masculine domains is discussed.
Standing up for an affective account of emotion

This paper constitutes a defence of an affective account of emotion. I begin by outlining the case for thinking that emotions are just feelings. I also suggest that emotional feelings are not reducible to other kinds of feelings, but rather form a distinct class of feeling state. I then consider a number of common objections that have been raised against affective accounts of emotion, including: (1) the objection that emotion cannot always consist only of feeling because some emotions—for example, indignation and regret—necessarily have a cognitive component (say, the perception of a lost opportunity in the case of regret); (2) the objection that emotion cannot consist only of feeling because in order to explain how emotions have intentional objects we will have to recognise that emotion consists of cognition; and (3) the objection that emotion cannot consist only of feeling because emotion, but not feeling, can be variously assessed or evaluated. However, I demonstrate how an affective account of emotion might be successfully defended against all of the objections that are cited.
Hydroa vacciniforme presenting in an adult successfully treated with cyclosporin A

Hydroa vacciniforme (HV) is a rare photodermatosis first described by Bazin in the mid‐nineteenth century.1 It typically presents in childhood and resolves during adolescence. Rarely, however, symptoms may persist into adult life.2, 3 We now describe a patient with this condition presenting unusually for the first time at the age of 58 years and responding to treatment with cyclosporin A.
Socialization Tactics and Newcomer Information Acquisition

Research on organizational socialization has usually focused on what organizations do to socialize newcomers or on what newcomers do to socialize themselves. The purpose of this study was to integrate these two perspectives of socialization by investigating the relationships between socialization tactics, newcomers' information acquisition (i.e. feedback and observation) and socialization outcomes. Consistent with previous research, socialization tactics and information acquisition were related to socialization outcomes. Furthermore, institutionalized socialization was positively related to the frequency of newcomers' feedback and observation and the frequency of newcomers' feedback and observation was found to mediate several of the relationships between socialization tactics and outcomes. These results suggest that what newcomers can do to socialize themselves (e.g. acquire information through feedback and observation) is partly a function of what organizations do to socialize newcomers (e.g. the use of specific socialization tactics). The implications of these findings are discussed for the development of a more complete and integrated theory of organizational socialization.
“It’s Not Scary”

To increase their research skills and confidence, students in a nonresearch-focused elective MSW course gathered qualitative data through cross-ethnic interviews for a formal research project. Qualitative findings from a focus group of students were used to examine the perspectives of the students, all but one of whom were women, about (a) changes in their knowledge of and attitudes toward research, (b) the struggles they experienced, and (c) whether such projects should be integrated into other courses. Implications for social work educators who are seeking to empower social work students, especially women, to conduct research are discussed.
Performance Attributions and Changes in Self-Esteem Following Self-Handicapping with Alcohol Consumption

This experiment investigated the attribution and self-esteem effects predicted by the self-handicapping hypothesis as applied to alcohol consumption. Eighty male normal drinkers first performed an unsolvable intellectual task and received non-contingent success feedback. Three independent variables were then manipulated in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design: (1) beverage administration (given alcohol or given nonalcohol), (2) instructions regarding beverage content (told alcohol or told nonalcohol), and (3) performance feedback on an unsolvable retest administered after the beverage manipulations (success or failure). Consistent with the self-handicapping hypothesis, told-alcohol subjects who received failure feedback attributed their retest performances more to beverage (i.e., alcohol) consumption and less to general ability than did the other experimental groups. Told-alcohol subjects also reported higher self-esteem than did told-nonalcohol subjects, and failure-feedback subjects made greater beverage and lo.
Antecedents of Behavioral Intention of Virtual Community Participation: An Empirical Study

Virtual communities (VCs) have emerged as a new form of business model in the electronic business field. Understanding the motivations behind members’ participation is essential for VC organizers. VC participation behavioral intention is a major factor to shape VC participation behavior and it is very important to investigate factors influencing VC behavioral intention. Using the Triandis model of interpersonal behavior, this paper investigated antecedents of behavioral intention to participate in VCs. The results showed that affect, social factors, and perceived consequences are effective in explaining the behavioral intention to participate in VCs. The result also raised the issue of different types of communities’ interaction effects on different strength of relationships.
Cutaneous vascular reflexes during exercise in the heat.

Eight relatively fit men performed cycle ergometer exercise (50% VO2max) for 30 min at 35 degrees C, less than 40% rh. To determine the importance of changes in cardiac filling pressure on the cutaneous vascular responses during exercise, we compared data from eight control (normovolemic) and four hypovolemic (19.5% decrease in plasma volume (PV) induced by diuretics) experiments. Cardiac output was maintained at 13.9 +/- 0.8 l.min-1 during steady state exercise in the two conditions. However, heart rate was higher (P less than 0.05) and stroke volume (SV) was slightly, although not statistically lower during hypovolemic exercise. Forearm venous compliance (FVC) was significantly lower during hypovolemic exercise than during control exercise (P less than 0.05). The increases in forearm blood flow and arterial blood pressure during exercise were not affected significantly by hypovolemia. FVC and SV in both conditions were linearly related to changes in central venous pressure during exercise (r2 = 0.88 and 0.78, respectively). Since changes in arterial pressure during exercise were not correlated with the observed arteriomotor and venomotor responses, we concluded that low pressure baroreceptors may have induced peripheral vascular reflexes, which act to maintain cardiac output during exercise in the heat.
Feasibility of pervasive monitoring of nonverbal information in daily office activity

To allow robots and agents to serve users with less-distractive timing, the systems need to estimate the communication status of human social activity. Nonverbal information has the potential to be used to estimate communication status without recording conversational content. In this study, we prototyped a pervasive speaker estimation system and examined the feasibility of automatic estimation of nonverbal information. Analysis of 5-hour of unconstrained activity in a laboratory demonstrated 90% speaker ID estimation accuracy and a less than 8.5% error rate for the durations and frequencies of utterances excluding short utterances of less than 1 s. The feasibility of automatic analysis of turn-taking patterns in daily office activity has also been suggested.
Reprogramming of plants during systemic acquired resistance

Genome-wide microarray analyses revealed that during biological activation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in Arabidopsis, the transcript levels of several hundred plant genes were consistently up- (SAR+ genes) or down-regulated (SAR− genes) in systemic, non-inoculated leaf tissue. This transcriptional reprogramming fully depended on the SAR regulator FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE1 (FMO1). Functional gene categorization showed that genes associated with salicylic acid (SA)-associated defenses, signal transduction, transport, and the secretory machinery are overrepresented in the group of SAR+ genes, and that the group of SAR− genes is enriched in genes activated via the jasmonate (JA)/ethylene (ET)-defense pathway, as well as in genes associated with cell wall remodeling and biosynthesis of constitutively produced secondary metabolites. This suggests that SAR-induced plants reallocate part of their physiological activity from vegetative growth towards SA-related defense activation. Alignment of the SAR expression data with other microarray information allowed us to define three clusters of SAR+ genes. Cluster I consists of genes tightly regulated by SA. Cluster II genes can be expressed independently of SA, and this group is moderately enriched in H2O2- and abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive genes. The expression of the cluster III SAR+ genes is partly SA-dependent. We propose that SA-independent signaling events in early stages of SAR activation enable the biosynthesis of SA and thus initiate SA-dependent SAR signaling. Both SA-independent and SA-dependent events tightly co-operate to realize SAR. SAR+ genes function in the establishment of diverse resistance layers, in the direct execution of resistance against different (hemi-)biotrophic pathogen types, in suppression of the JA- and ABA-signaling pathways, in redox homeostasis, and in the containment of defense response activation. Our data further indicated that SAR-associated defense priming can be realized by partial pre-activation of particular defense pathways.