Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowing and Caring about Politics: Gender and Political Engagement

This paper demonstrates that women are less politically interested, informed, and efficacious than men and that this gender gap in political engagement has consequences for political participation. Only when gender differences in political interest, information, and efficacy are considered along with gender differences in resources can we explain the relatively small disparity between the sexes with respect to political activity. When we searched for the origins of the gender gap in political engagement, we found that it can be explained only partially by gender differences in factors such as education that are associated with political engagement Furthermore, these gender differences in political orientation seem to be specific to politics-rather than the manifestation of general personal attributes Investigation of the extent to which the cues received by males and females that politics is a man's world are responsible for the gender gap in political engagement yielded results that were suggestive, but mixed.
Effects of Spatial Disorientation on Cognitive Functions

Abstract : Spatial Disorientation is well known by fliers but, generally it is too difficult to overcome. Even if it is managed, a pilot might still be at risk of serious dangers. After simulating Spatial Disorientation in laboratory conditions, any impairment of cognitive functions of the pilots was examined in order to find out whether Spatial Disorientation has any negative effect on cognitive functions. Two groups of, totally 82 pilot candidates who were to have Spatial Disorientation training in Turkish Aeromedical Center, were given WAIS-DSST (Wechier Adult's Intelligent Scale - Digit Symbol Substitution Test) or LCT (Letter Cancellation Test) to measure the differences of attention and percept after Spatial Disorientation. Both test results show that Spatial Disorientation causes impairment of cognitive functions.
Teaching Students with Mild Disabilities: What Affects Attitudes of Future Physical Educators?

This study assessed the association between demographic attributes (gender, age, year in school, experience with students with disabilities, perceived competence in teaching students with disabilities, and academic preparation regarding individuals with disabilities) of undergraduate physical education majors and their attitudes toward teaching students labeled educable mentally retarded (EMR), learning disabled (LD), and behaviorally disordered (BD). Future physical educators (n = 226) were asked to complete the Physical Educators’ Attitudes Toward Teaching the Handicapped questionnaire, and 174 (77%) agreed. Data were collected on the first day of classes of a 16-week semester. Results from forward stepwise multiple-regression procedures showed that perceived competence and academic preparation regarding individuals with disabilities were the best predictors of favorable attitudes in general, and for EMR and LD. Results also showed that for BD, age and year in school were the best predictors of favorabl.
Job stress among middle‐aged health care workers and its relation to sickness absence

The aim of this study is to examine differences between the perception of job stress by Flemish health care workers (HCW), aged between 35 and 59 years, and a control group of employees with a similar education and of the same age and gender (controls). This perception was prospectively related to sickness absence. This study is based on the Belstress study, a larger epidemiological survey on perceived job stress and health. The study group consists of 315 nurses (55 men and 260 women) from two public hospitals. The control group consists of 612 non-nurses (110 men and 502 women). Perception of job stress is measured with the scales of the ‘job demand–control–support (JDCS)’ model of R. Karasek. Perception of job stress showed an increased score for ‘job demand’ and a decreased score for ‘decision latitude’ among HCW in comparison with controls. The combination of these two factors resulted in a higher proportion of subjects in the job strain category in comparison with the controls. In contrast to controls we found among HCW an important positive association between absenteeism and job demand and a clear negative association between sickness absence and social support. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teacher workload: using ICT to release time to teach

Teacher workload has been a recurrent concern in education in England and Wales for a number of years. One possible solution that has been put forward is the greater use of information and communications technology (ICT). In the spring of 2002, the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) launched a 1‐year initiative called the Transforming School Workforce (TSW) Pathfinder Project, and this was evaluated by a team from the University of Birmingham. One of the ways of reducing teachers' workload envisaged by the DfES was increased use of ICT. The data presented in this article comes from the aforementioned evaluation and concerns teachers changing perceptions of, access to, issues relating to training in, and use of ICT, and their beliefs concerning the use of ICT. Overall, teachers believed the TSW Project helped to reduce workload, making them more productive as teachers. Changes likely to have contributed to this included: far greater access to ICT facilities both in terms of hardware at home, and sole access at school; increased daily use of ICT by teachers; an increase in teachers' confidence in the use of ICT and changes in teachers' views on the quality of ICT training (although their satisfaction with training received was still not high).
T-Cadherin Mediates Low-Density Lipoprotein-Initiated Cell Proliferation Via the Ca2+-Tyrosine Kinase-Erk1/2 Pathway

The GPI-anchored protein T-cadherin was found to be an atypical LDL binding site that is expressed in various types of cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and neurons. Notably, the expression of T-cadherin was reduced in numerous types of cancers, although it was up-regulated in tumor-penetrating blood vessels, atherosclerotic lesions, and during neointima formation. Despite these intriguing findings, our knowledge of the physiological role and the signal transduction pathways associated with this protein is limited. Therefore, T-cadherin was overexpressed in the human umbilical vein-derived endothelial cell line EA.hy926, the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293, and LDL-initiated signal transduction, and its consequences were elucidated. Our data revealed that T-cadherin serves as a receptor specifically for LDL. Following LDL binding to T-cadherin, mitogenic signal transduction was initiated that involved activation of PLC and IP3 formation, which subsequently yielded intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Downstream to these early phenomena, activation of tyrosine kinase(s) Erk 1/2 kinase, and the translocation of NFκB toward the nucleus were found. Finally, overexpression of T-cadherin in HEK293 cells resulted in accelerated cell proliferation in an LDL-dependent manner, although cell viability was not influenced. Because LDL uptake was not facilitated by T-cadherin, our data suggest that T-cadherin serves as a signaling receptor for LDL that facilitates an LDL-dependent mitogenic signal in the vasculature.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Mechanism and consequences of slow desorption of organic compounds from sediments

The kinetics of slow desorption were studied for 4 soils and 4 sediments with widely varying characteristics (organic carbon (OC) content 0.5-50%, organic matter (OM) aromatic content 7-37%), for 3 chlorobenzenes and 5 PCBs. Slowly and very slowly desorbing fractions ranged from 1 -50% (slow) and 3-40% (very slow) of the total amount sorbed, and were observed for all compounds and all soils and sediments. In spite of the wide variations in sorbate Kow (factor 1000) and sorbent characteristics, the rate constants of slow ( k ^ , around 10 h) and very slow (kverystow, 10 -10" h') desorption appeared to be rather constant among the sorbates and sorbents (both within a factor of 5). There was a good correlation (r above 0.9) between the distribution over the slow, very slow and rapid sediment fractions and log K^, indicating that sorbate hydrophobicity may be important for this distribution. No correlation could be found between sorbent characteristics (organic carbon (OC), N, and O in the organic matter, polarity index C/(N+0), OC aromaticity as determined by CP-MAS C-NMR) and slow desorption parameters (slowly/very slowly desorbing fractions + corresponding rate constants). The absence of i) a correlation between k ^ and kvefystow, respectively, and OC content, and ii) the narrow range of k ^ and k « ^ , ^ values, indicate that intra-organic matter diffusion is not the mechanism of slow or very slow desorption, because on the basis of this mechanism it would be expected that increasing OC content would lead to longer diffusion pathlengths and, consequently, to smaller rate constants. In addition, it was tested whether Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) would reveal a glass transition in the soils/sediments. In spite of the sensitivity of the equipment used (changes in heat flow in the micro-Watt range were measurable), a glass transition was not observed. This means that activation enthalpies of slow desorption can be calculated from desorption measurements at various temperatures; in the present study these values ranged from 60-100 kJ/mol among the various soils and sediments studied.
Thermal dependence of bioengineered glufosinate tolerance in cotton

Abstract Tolerance to glufosinate has been bioengineered into cotton through the expression of a gene encoding the enzyme phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT). Studies were conducted to determine thermal limitations on herbicide efficacy in bioengineered cotton. The 50% inhibition (I50) of glufosinate of the target-site enzyme glutamine synthetase was thermally dependent with the lowest values between 25 and 35 C. Larger values of I50 were measured above and below the 25 to 35 C range. The apparent Michaelis constant KM of the enzyme PAT was relatively stable from 15 to 30 C and increased more rapidly from 30 to 45 C. The two components in combination suggest the aggregate tolerance to glufosinate would not be thermally limited between 15 and 45 C. The thermal dependence of the aggregate tolerance in cotton suggests that glufosinate would not damage the crop over a range of temperatures. This prediction is in agreement with the results of field studies carried out over a number of years, which showed the glufosinate-tolerant cotton to be undamaged by glufosinate over a wide range of temperatures. Nomenclature: Glufosinate; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘SeedCo 9023’, ‘DeltaPine 458’.
COMPARING ENGLISH IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD AND LATIN IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE: IS LINGUISTIC IMPERIALISM A NEW PHENOMENON?

Some scholars support the existence of a close similarity between the role played by Latin in the Roman Empire and by English in the contemporary world as supra-local languages, by resorting to the assumption of a close similarity between the Roman Empire and today’s globalized world. However, an overview on these two historical phenomena shows substantial differences. First of all, Latin was the supra-local language par excellence only in the Western part of the empire, because in the Eastern part this role was mostly played by Greek. In addition, during the Roman Empire Latin was the language of the administration, but on the whole it did not have a notable clout, since the actors that had traditionally played a key-role in spreading languages in Modern Europe were absent: the concept of national language was unknown, there was no compulsory education, and nothing comparable to mass-media existed. By focusing on the contemporary globalized society, one can observe that language is crucial in legitimizing the institutions, in supporting specific economic powers and the cultures related to such powers. In particular, the current linguistic imperialism of English is strictly bound to those economic powers that interlock with (and take advantage of) political, military, educational structures and mass-media (as significantly witnessed by the processes of McDonaldization and Coca-Colonization). The present comparison between past and present situations is not limited to these situations as such, but is aimed at better highlighting the respective differences: in this case, the recourse to the past is useful to see the contemporary issues concerning multilingualism under a different viewpoint. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7220/2335-2027.7. 1
On opposing effects of emotion on contextual or relational memory

An extensive literature has firmly established the role of emotion on memory. For example, behavioral experiments have shown robustly that emotional stimuli are better remembered than neutral stimuli (see Mather and Sutherland, 2011). Mechanisms identified for such enhancements in memory include prioritized initial perceptual processing of emotional stimuli (Nummenmaa et al., 2006; Phelps et al., 2006), and amygdala (AMY)-dependent neurohormonal changes that modulate memory processes supported by the hippocampus (HC) and surrounding medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures (McGaugh, 2000), leading to memory enhancements for emotional material (Dolcos et al., 2012) as well as making such information more resistant to forgetting over time (Dolcos et al., 2005; Ritchey et al., 2008). A caveat to the above-mentioned phenomena is that they tend to be concerned with the remembering of individual items in isolation, such as a word or an image. But interest in the effects of emotion on memory for real-world events, involving more than solitary items, has led to research on emotion's effects on memory for items in the context of or in relation to other items (contextual or relational information). Puzzlingly, while this recent research has confirmed the enhancing effects of emotion on memory for individual items, outcomes for the effects of emotion on memory for accompanying contextual or relational information have been contradictory, with some studies showing enhanced remembering, while others reporting impaired performances, and some reporting no effect of emotion. In this article, we highlight two issues that that may help toward resolving the seeming contradictions in the pattern of results in this literature. The first is the need for a more nuanced conceptualization and nomenclature of the types of memory representations being tested. The second is the necessity of considering the differential engagement of HC-dependent, relational memory representations (Cohen and Eichenbaum, 1993; Cohen et al., 1999; Eichenbaum and Cohen, 2001), as opposed to item memory representations, that might be taxed by various experiments.
The Development of a Preselection Physical Fitness Training Program for Canadian Special Operations Regiment Applicants

Abstract Carlson, MJ and Jaenen, SP. The development of a preselection physical fitness training program for canadian special operations regiment applicants. J Strength Cond Res 26(7): S2–S14, 2012—Special Operations Forces (SOF) soldiers must undergo a rigorous selection process that requires high levels of physical fitness and stamina to complete. Physical preparedness is crucial for an applicant's performance during a selection process; preselection physical training programs for SOF applicants must be specific to the demands of the selection process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical demands of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment (CSOR) Assessment Center (AC) to develop an evidence-based physical fitness program to assist future applicants to CSOR with their physical preparation. Seventy-one men volunteered to undergo a battery of fitness tests before attending the CSOR AC. Forty-six (mean [SD]: age 26.2 [4.4] years, height 176.5 [7.4] cm, body mass 82.4 [10.1] kg) of the 71 participants further volunteered to participate in the characterization of the physical demands of the AC. Heart rate (HR) data were collected during the physically demanding sessions, and a subsequent task and physiological analysis was conducted to determine key performance variables for exercise prescription. The physically demanding sessions ranged in length from 26.38 (4.24) minutes to 668.52 (30.09) minutes, with the mean HR data ranging from 169.81 (6.64) to 97.51 (6.65) b·min−1, respectively. Key predictors of completion of the AC were V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak (&bgr;exp: 5.92; confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–31.0), and 1-repetition maximum (1RM) squats (&bgr;exp: 5.16; CI: 1.2–22.2). The information derived from this study provided the foundation for the design of an evidence-based preparatory training program for future applicants that is reflective of the physical demands of the selection process.
The in‐between: exposing everyday learning at work

Much has been written about how space and time are integral to understanding social relations, in particular about associations between space and understanding learning in workplaces. Drawing from a research study exploring everyday learning at work, this paper looks beyond what is generally understood as work situations by turning to those spaces and times where ‘social’ and ‘work’ overlap, such as breaks in tearooms. These spaces are not so work orientated that they can be described as ‘workspaces’, nor are they entirely social. The nexus between work and the social, of being a worker and a social being, of engaging in legitimate work and socializing are put forward as rich expanses for everyday learning. The paper draws on interviews and observational data from four work sites within one organization. It undertakes an exploration of the intersection of space, time and informal learning with regard to the social/work spaces located at work. It argues that a key location for everyday learning at work is at the points of intersection between work and social spaces and that it is necessary to abandon simplistic dichotomies between work, social and learning space.
Investigation of Frequency Dependent Noise Performance Metrices for Gate Electrode Work function Engineered Recessed Channel MOSFET

This paper discusses the noise assessment, using ATLAS device simulation software, of a gate electrode work function engineered recessed channel (GEWE-RC) MOSFET involving an RC and GEWE design integrated onto a conventional MOSFET. Furthermore, the behavior of GEWE-RC MOSFET is compared with that of a Recessed Channel(RC) MOSFET having the same device parameters. This paper thus optimizes and predicts the feasibility of a novel design, i.e., GEWE-RC MOSFET for high-performance applications where device scaling and noise reduction are a major concern. The noise metrics taken into consideration are: minimum noise figure, optimum source impedance and noise conductance. The statistical tools auto correlation and cross correlation are also analysed owing to the random nature of noise.
Recombinant Expression of tatABC and tatAC Results in the Formation of Interacting Cytoplasmic TatA Tubes in Escherichia coli*

The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system of bacteria and plant plastids serves to translocate folded proteins across energized biological membranes. In Escherichia coli, the three components TatA, TatB, and TatC mediate this membrane passage. Here we demonstrate that TatA can assemble to form clusters of tube-like structures in vivo. While the presence of TatC is essential for their formation, TatB is not required. The TatA tubes have uniform outer and inner diameters of about 11.5 nm and 6.7 nm, respectively. They align to form a crystalline-like structure in which each tube is surrounded by six TatA tubes. The tube structures become easily detectable even at only a 15-fold overexpression of the tatABC genes. The TatA tubes could also be visualized by fluorescence when untagged TatA was mixed with low amounts of TatA-GFP. The structures were often found in contact with the cell poles. Because TatC is most likely polar in E. coli, as demonstrated by a RR-dependent targeting of translocation-incompatible Tat substrates to the cell poles, and because TatC is required for the formation of aligned TatA tubes, it is proposed that the TatA tubes are initiated at polarly localized TatC.
Computational model predictions of level dependent changes in vowel identification with addition of rate-place cue

A signal processing model based on temporal cues of auditory-nerve fibers had been developed to understand the level dependent changes in vowel identification scores. To this study, the rate-place cues of auditory-nerve fibers were added to the existing temporal model of vowel identification. The model includes the human version of the auditory-nerve model, with added rate-place cues, along with the neural network to identify vowels. The model predictions of vowel identification across levels with only temporal cues are compared with the model predictions with both temporal and rate-place cues of auditory-nerve fibers. This paper also analyses the vowel identification scores from the perspective of auditory-nerves corresponding to first and second formants (F1 and F2) besides the entire spectrum of auditory-nerve fibers. The model prediction revealed that the representation of second formant (F2) was improved with added rate-place cues especially at low-to-mid levels and could be associated with lower acoustic energy of F2. Thus, this paper possibly explains the role of rate-places cues for vowel identification scores across levels.
Maggie’s day: a small‐scale analysis of English education policy

Policy sociologists typically research at large scale. This paper presents an example of a policy analysis which illuminates how policy is embedded in single incidents, lives and places. The case in point concerns the policy fetish for ‘closing the gap and raising the bar’. This rhetoric is taken to mean improving the learning of all students, while at the same time producing a more equitable, quality education system. In the case in point, we mobilise an ethnographic fragment and the spatial theory of Henri Lefebvre in order to examine the ways in which the policy technology of transforming students into measurable data plays out in the life of one group of Year 10 girls in a struggling English comprehensive school. We argue that our analysis demonstrates that in this very particular case, the pedagogies intended to promote attainment actually accomplished the reverse. We suggest that, following this example, policy sociologists might gain from further research at the micro/vernacular levels of schooling.
Comparing Positive and Negative Alcohol Expectancies in Male and Female Social Drinkers

Negative alcohol expectancy has been poorly represented in empirical studies of alcohol consumption because (i) conceptions of negative expectancy have been limited and, as a result, (ii) tools to measure it have been crude. In developing the Negative Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (NAEQ), McMahon and Jones have addressed this neglect. This paper demonstrates that when measured appropriately, negative expectancy rather than positive expectancy (as measured by the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire, AEQ) appears to be associated with consumption in social drinkers.Multiple stepwise regression analyses showed that for 163 subjects (81 males, 82 females): gender and proximal negative expectancies (those surrounding consumption) were associated with the consumption measure, units/session; gender and distal negative expectancies (those relating to the 'next day') were associated with sessions/week; gender and both proximal and distal negative expectancies were associated with units/week. For males: association.