Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Good, the Bad, the Ugly: Human Rights Violators in Comparative Perspective

ABSTRACT A large and growing wave of scholarship has focused attention on a variety of contemporary forms of slavery. Early attention went to victims of sexual exploitation, though this is starting to slowly change with a growing body of work on labor exploitation. Previous studies focused exclusively on international trafficking and on the Global South whereas newer studies emphasize domestic trafficking and exploitation in the Global North. This article, and the special issue it introduces, suggests that it is high time scholars and advocates broaden their scope to more clearly focus on perpetrators and on the emancipation process. Perpetrators are too often thought of as “criminals of the worst sort,” a cultural shorthand that reduces understanding and thereby hampers both theory and practice of emancipation. For its part, emancipation is too often thought of as either “freedom” or the binary opposite of slavery. Here too, reality is more complex and fraught. In this article, I argue that a human rights approach to slaveholders and emancipation would improve greatly on the status quo.
Curriculum-Based Measurement of Oral Reading: An Evaluation of Growth Rates and Seasonal Effects Among Students Served in General and Special Education

Abstract. Curriculum-based measurement of oral reading (CBM-R) is often used to benchmark growth in the fall, winter, and spring. CBM-R is also used to set goals and monitor student progress between benchmarking occasions. The results of previous research establish an expectation that weekly growth on CBM-R tasks is consistently linear throughout the academic year. The patterns of CBM-R growth were examined for a large sample of students (N = 3808) from both general education and special education populations in second to sixth grades. Results support four general conclusions: (a) annual growth is more substantial within the general education population; (b) growth is more substantial in earlier elementary grades; (c) more growth occurs in the fall than the spring season (i.e., seasonal effect), especially within the early primary general education population; and (d) the seasonal effect is less pronounced within the special education population. Estimates of growth within and across seasons are presented and implications are discussed.
Do calcium and vitamin D intake influence the effect of cycling on bone mass through adolescence?

INTRODUCTION Cycling has been associated with decreased bone mass during adolescence. Calcium (Ca) and vitamin D (VitD) intake are associated to bone mass and may be important confounders when studying bone mass. AIM To clarify the effect that Ca and VitD may have on bone mass in adolescent cyclists. METHODS Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) of 39 male adolescents (20 cyclists) were measured. Ca and VitD intake were also registered. Different ANCOVA analyses were performed in order to evaluate the influence of Ca and VitD on BMC and BMD. RESULTS Cyclists showed lower values of BMC and BMD than controls at several sites and when adjusting by Ca, Wards triangle BMD appeared also to be lower in cyclists than controls. CONCLUSION Nutritional aspects might partially explain differences regarding bone mass in adolescent cyclists and should be taken into account in bone mass analysis as important confounders.
Teaching Children With Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to determine the types and frequency of music and special education workshops held at state music educators association (MEA) conferences. Specifically, the researchers sought to determine the following within the past 10 years: (a) states that offered music and special education workshops at their MEA conferences, (b) frequency of music and special education workshops at each MEA conference, (c) frequency of music and special education workshops by music classroom type or IDEA disability category, and (d) significant differences in frequency of music and special education workshops between state MEAs with and state MEAs without a Special Learners Chair. There were 226 conference programs obtained from 2004 to 2013, of which 33 states (73%) provided at least one conference program and 12 states (27%) provided all programs. Within the provided conference programs, there were 300 music and special education sessions listed. Furthermore, most sessions were those that gave special education information without being specific to an individual music area or disability (n = 149 or 50%). When the data were analyzed by music area or individual disability category, sessions pertaining to general music (n = 43.5 or 14.5%) or autism (n = 36.5 or 12%) were most frequent. Furthermore, results are discussed within the article.
Achieving Seventh-Order Amplitude Accuracy in Leapfrog Integrations

The leapfrog time-stepping scheme makes no amplitude errors when integrating linear oscillations. Unfortunately, the Robert‐Asselin filter, which is used to damp the computational mode, introduces first-order amplitude errors. The Robert‐Asselin‐Williams (RAW) filter, which was recently proposed as an improvement, eliminates the first-order amplitude errors and yields third-order amplitude accuracy. However, it has not previously been shown how to further improve the accuracy by eliminating the third- and higher-order amplitude errors. Here, it is shown that leapfrogging over a suitably weighted blend of the filtered and unfiltered tendencies eliminates the third-order amplitude errors and yields fifth-order amplitude accuracy. It is further shown that the use of a more discriminating (1, 24, 6, 24, 1) filter instead of a( 1,22, 1) filter eliminates the fifth-order amplitude errors and yields seventh-order amplitude accuracy. Other related schemes are obtained by varying the values of the filter parameters, and it is found that several combinations offer an appealing compromise of stability and accuracy. The proposed new schemes are tested in numerical integrations of a simple nonlinear system. They appear to be attractive alternatives to the filtered leapfrog schemes currently used in many atmosphere and ocean models.
Seeing like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed

In contrast, Houston's book has a clear overarching theoretical agenda. His work is designed to demonstrate that "the formation of the UDF and revolutionary developments [during the 1980s] accorded with the Leninist/ Gramscian model of a united-front strategy —increasing the complexity of civil society by establishing mass organizations, creating a historical bloc in opposition to the ruling bloc, and expanding the revolutionary consciousness of the masses" (27). This theoretical argument is not fully satisfying, however. For example, Houston is willing to say that the revolutionary strategy was employed even if activists were not conscious of it. His goal is not to prove that they were trying to use it or even that it worked—just that it was used. Second, and more problematic, he does not offer the appropriate type of evidence to prove the existence of an expanding revolutionary consciousness. Consciousness lies within individuals. Yet this study lacks data from the individual level such as surveys from the period or interviews with participants. Protest actions are interpreted as evidence of revolutionary consciousness, an interpretation this reviewer finds unconvincing. These works will appeal to different audiences. Houston's book, with its summaries of a wide variety of UDF affiliates, can inform those needing a general picture of protest activity of the 1980s. Those who are particularly interested in employing Leninist/Gramscian theory to cases may also want to read it. Van Kessel's book, on the other hand, will serve readers interested in diving deep into the realities of South African protest actions at the local level. Her work urges us to problematize common jargon of the period such as "the community," "the people," and "the struggle"; in so doing, it inspires further research. Kim Lanegran Hood College Frederick, Maryland
Bond graph modelling for chemical reactors

In this paper we present a bond graph model of a continuous stirred tank reactor which represents the reaction kinetics as well as the heat and mass transport phenomena in the reactor. The consequences of reticulation of the phenomena and of the systematic use of the power conjugated variables on the formulation of the thermodynamic properties, the reaction kinetics and the energy and mass transport are shown. A classical example of chemical reaction is chosen to illustrate this approach: the equilibrated reaction of hydrogen and iodine in hydrogen iodide.
Religiosity and Social Desirability

A series of five studies explored the meaning of the positive relationship between End religiosity and the Crowne-Marlowe Social Desirability Scale (SDS). Among the more noteworthy findings were the observations that 1) End religiosity was largely unrelated to measures conceptually associated with social desirability response sets; 2) neither End nor the SDS yielded any important evidence of a relationship with rnaladaptive psychological functioning; 3) students at a religious college were less socially anxious than students at a public state university, a result contradicting the idea that religious persons are especially sensitive to evaluation by others; and 4) a substantial number of SDS items appear confounded by a religious relevance dimension. Use of the SDS in statistical control procedures may therefore be inappropriate in studies examining religiosity; and as a consequence, attempts to link the End orientation with exaggerated social desirability concerns may need to proceed with caution.
A Danish adaptation of the Pain Coping Questionnaire for children: preliminary data concerning reliability and validity

The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of a Danish translation of the Pain Coping Questionnaire (PCQ) for children in Danish children. The PCQ was translated using a translation‐back‐translation method. The subjects were 352 healthy children and 40 children with juvenile arthritis (JA), aged 8–17 y. Sixteen of the JA children were divided into a high‐pain group (n= 7) and a low‐pain group (n= 9). The results were factor analysed using principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Clinical pain intensity was measured using visual analogue scales (VAS) from the Varni/Thompson Pediatric Pain Questionnaire. Experimental pain was induced using a cold pressor pain paradigm and outcome measures were pain intensity, pain discomfort and tolerance to cold pressor pain. A seven‐factor solution emerged as the most consistent factor structure. Four subscales, Seeking Social Support (SSS), Cognitive Distraction (CD), Externalizing (EXT) and Internalizing/Catastrophizing (INT), corresponded with the parallel subscales proposed by Reid et al. (Pain 1998; 76: 83–96). Two subscales, Positive Self‐Statements (PSS) and Behavioral Distraction (BD), were composed of four of the five items from the previously proposed subscales. One subscale, Information Seeking/Problem Solving (IP), consisted of items from two subscales proposed by Reid et al., i.e. Information Seeking and Problem Solving. Internal consistencies of the subscales were acceptable, with reliability coefficients ranging from 0.60 (BD) to 0.83 (IP) and with test‐retest reliabilities between 0.59 and 0.78. Low‐pain JA patients showed significantly higher levels of BD than High‐pain JA patients (p < 0.05). Greater utilization of PSS and BD was associated with less patient‐reported present pain and less average everyday pain (p < 0.05‐0.01), and greater utilization of INT was significantly associated with higher experimental pain intensity (p < 0.01). These preliminary findings provide support for the reliability and validity of the Danish modification of the PCQ in a Danish population and for the hypothesis that paediatric pain‐coping strategies are associated with the intensity of clinical and experimental pain.
Significance of ST-segment Depression during Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia

Background: ST-segment depression in ECG is a common finding during paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The exact mechanism and etiology of this ST-segment depression is not always evident. In this study we have tried to evaluate the significance of ST-segment depression during supraventricular tachycardia. Methods: Hospitalized patients for elective electrophysiological study with previous (EPS) history of supraventricular tachycardia with or without ST-segment depression were evaluated clinically, by coronary angiogram and EPS. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods and comparison made between groups with ST-segment depression (Group A) and without ST-segment depression (Group B). Results: Total number of patients was 66. Equal number of patients (33) was in each group. The mean age of patients was 43.8 years. There was female predominance (M:F ratio 2:3). The mean heart rate during supraventricular tachycardia was 161 beats/min. Age, sex, coronary artery disease risk factors and heart rate during an episode of supraventricular tachycardia did not have any significant influence on ST-segment depression. Significant coronary artery disease was found in two patients in Group A and one patient in Group B. Electrophysiological study revealed that Atrio ventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT) and AV nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) were present in 28 (42.4%) and 38 (57.6%) cases respectively. Patients of group A exhibit AVRT significantly more than patients of group B.The sensitivity of ST-segment depression in correctly diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD) was 66.7% while the specificity was 50.8%. The sensitivity of ST-segment depression in correctly differentiating AVRT was 83.3% while the specificity was 66.7%. The positive predictive value (PPV) and Negative predictive value (NPV) of the test were 75% and 76.9% respectively. Conclusion: ST-segment depression during episode of supraventricular tachycardia is a poor indicator of coronary artery disease. Presence of ST-segment depression can differentiate AVRT from AVNRT. However, >2 mm ST-segment depression was proved to be an excellent predictor of AVRT. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/cardio.v7i2. 22249 Cardiovasc. j. 2015; 7(2): 93-97
A job demands-resources perspective on salespersons’ market intelligence activities in new product development

Research shows that R&D's use of sales’ market intelligence positively influences innovation performance. However, little is known about whether this effect hinges on salespersons’ engagement towards and perceptions of market intelligence activities (MIA). Moreover, research remains incomplete regarding the drivers of salespersons’ MIA engagement. Using dyadic data from 359 salespersons and 239 R&D managers in a multi-level model based on the job demands-resources theory, we demonstrate that the positive effect of R&D's use of sales’ market intelligence on innovation performance is especially pronounced when salespersons’ market intelligence generation is high and role ambiguity is low. We also show that although salespersons’ self-set MIA goals are a strong driver of their MIA engagement, not assigning salespersons MIA goals may be a double-edged sword: in the short run, salespersons might engage in MIA voluntarily. However, in the long run, they could incur psychological costs in terms of role ambiguity and conflict, preventing them from engaging in MIA.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism influences the association of the methylome with maternal anxiety and neonatal brain volumes

Abstract Early life environments interact with genotype to determine stable phenotypic outcomes. Here we examined the influence of a variant in the brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) gene (Val66Met), which underlies synaptic plasticity throughout the central nervous system, on the degree to which antenatal maternal anxiety associated with neonatal DNA methylation. We also examined the association between neonatal DNA methylation and brain substructure volume, as a function of BDNF genotype. Infant, but not maternal, BDNF genotype dramatically influences the association of antenatal anxiety on the epigenome at birth as well as that between the epigenome and neonatal brain structure. There was a greater impact of antenatal maternal anxiety on the DNA methylation of infants with the methionine (Met)/Met compared to both Met/valine (Val) and Val/Val genotypes. There were significantly more cytosine–phosphate–guanine sites where methylation levels covaried with right amygdala volume among Met/Met compared with both Met/Val and Val/Val carriers. In contrast, more cytosine–phosphate–guanine sites covaried with left hippocampus volume in Val/Val infants compared with infants of the Met/Val or Met/Met genotype. Thus, antenatal Maternal Anxiety × BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism interactions at the level of the epigenome are reflected differently in the structure of the amygdala and the hippocampus. These findings suggest that BDNF genotype regulates the sensitivity of the methylome to early environment and that differential susceptibility to specific environmental conditions may be both tissue and function specific.
Endothelial-Specific Transgenesis of TNFR2 Promotes Adaptive Arteriogenesis and Angiogenesis

Objective—We have previously shown that the tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) protein is highly upregulated in vascular endothelium in response to ischemia, and a global deletion of TNFR2 in mice blunts ischemia-induced arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. However, the role of endothelial TNFR2 is not defined. In this study, we used endothelial cell (EC)–specific transgenesis of TNFR2 (TNFR2-TG) in mice to determine the in vivo function of TNFR2 in arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. Methods and Results—In a femoral artery ligation model, TNFR2-TG mice had enhanced limb perfusion recovery and ischemic reserve capacity. TNFR2-TG mice also exhibited significantly enhanced arteriogenesis in the upper limb, whereas capillary formation and maturation in the lower limb were associated with reduction in cellular apoptosis and increased proliferation. Consistently, ischemia-induced TNFR2-dependent bone marrow tyrosine kinase in chromosome X–vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 proangiogenic signaling was augmented in TNFR2-TG mice. To further determine whether EC-expressed TNFR2 is sufficient to mediate ischemia-induced angiogenesis, we crossed TNFR2-TG with TNFR2-deficient mice to generate TNFR2-knockout (KO)/TG mice, in which only vascular ECs express TNFR2. The EC-expressed TNFR2 partially rescued the defects of TNFR2-KO in ischemia-induced angiogenic signaling and flow recovery. Conclusion—These in vivo data support a critical role for endothelial TNFR2 in ischemia-mediated adaptive angiogenesis. Therefore, specific expression and activation of TNFR2 in ECs may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of vascular diseases such as coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial disease.
Distribution and kinetics of amylin in humans.

The aim of the study was to determine the apparent volume of distribution (VTOT), total body clearance (CL), fractional clearance, and mean residence time (MRT) of the beta-cell hormone amylin. We therefore performed an intravenous injection of 50 micrograms of human synthetic amylin (amlintide) in nine healthy male subjects during suppression of endogenous amylin release by intravenous somatostatin (0.06 microgram.kg-1.min-1). The plasma levels of amylin concentrations over time were analyzed using three-exponential curves. VTOT was 173 +/- 16 ml/kg and was not different from that of insulin reported in the literature (157 ml/kg). MRT was 27.7 +/- 2.1 min and thus two times the reported value for insulin (14.1 min) and C-peptide (16.4 min). CL and fractional CL were 6.2 +/- 0.2 ml.kg-1.min-1 and 0.038 +/- 0.003 min-1, respectively. Fractional CL is therefore definitely lower than that reported for insulin (0.12-0.2 min-1) but is, however, in the range of that of C-peptide (0.05 min-1). In conclusion, clearance of amylin is similar to that reported for C-peptide and much slower than insulin, indicating that the commonly used molar insulin-to-amylin ratio does not reflect the correct relationship of the two peptides.
Some Effects of Salience and Time Upon Interpersonal Hostility and Attraction During Social Isolation 1,2

The effects of salience and time upon both positive and negative interpersonal attitudes under conditions of social isolation were investigated. It was predicted that polarization of attitudes would be facilitated by increased salience and time. One hundred twenty Ss interacted with either an insulting or complimenting confederate. Working in isolation, Ss next performed tasks designed to engender high or low salience of the confederate for either 10 seconds, 1 minute, or 4 minutes. Dependent measures reflected affective and cognitive components of attitudes toward the confederate. The results strongly supported the hypothesis that salience positively affects polarization of attitudes in isolation. The effects of time were not as predicted. IN AN EARLY publication Newcomb (1947) suggested that people who acquire a hostile attitude toward another person frequently react by severing or reducing communication with the other person, with the result that the hostile attitude is barricaded against change in a more positive direction. He termed this phenomenon autistic hostility. Some subsequent research tended to support the autistic hostility hypothesis (Kelly, 1950; Thibaut and Coules, 1952).
C‐reactive protein‐derived peptide 201–206 inhibits neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells and platelets through CD32

The role of CRP as a regulator of inflammation is not fully understood. Structural rearrangement in CRP results in expression of potent proinflammatory actions. Proteolysis of CRP yields the C‐terminal peptide Lys201‐Pro‐Gln‐Leu‐Trp‐Pro206. Here, we investigated the impact of this peptide on neutrophil interactions with endothelial cells and platelets, critical inflammatory events triggering acute coronary artery disease. CRP peptide 201–206 induced L‐selectin shedding from human neutrophils and inhibited L‐selectin‐mediated neutrophil adhesion to TNF‐α‐activated HCAECs under nonstatic conditions. CRP peptide 201–206 also attenuated shear‐induced up‐regulation of platelet P‐selectin expression, platelet capture of neutrophils, and subsequent homotypic neutrophil adhesion in human whole blood. Anti‐CD32 but not anti‐CD16 or anti‐CD64 mAb effectively prevented the inhibitory actions of CRP peptide 201–206. Substitution of Lys201, Gln203, or Trp205 with Ala in CRP peptide 201–206 resulted in loss of the biological activities, whereas peptides in which Pro202, Leu204, or Pro206 was substituted with Ala retained biological activity. We identified amino acid residues involved in CRP peptide 201–206‐FcγRII (CD32) interactions, which mediate potent antineutrophil and antiplatelet adhesion actions, and these findings open up new perspectives for limiting inflammation and thrombosis underlying coronary artery disease.