Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous Collateral Axonal Sprouting Re-Innervates the Skin Component and Restores Sensation of Denervated Swine Osteomyocutaneous Alloflaps

Reconstructive transplantation such as extremity and face transplantation is a viable treatment option for select patients with devastating tissue loss. Sensorimotor recovery is a critical determinant of overall success of such transplants. Although motor function recovery has been extensively studied, mechanisms of sensory re-innervation are not well established. Recent clinical reports of face transplants confirm progressive sensory improvement even in cases where optimal repair of sensory nerves was not achieved. Two forms of sensory nerve regeneration are known. In regenerative sprouting, axonal outgrowth occurs from the transected nerve stump while in collateral sprouting, reinnervation of denervated tissue occurs through growth of uninjured axons into the denervated tissue. The latter mechanism may be more important in settings where transected sensory nerves cannot be re-apposed. In this study, denervated osteomyocutaneous alloflaps (hind- limb transplants) from Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-defined MGH miniature swine were performed to specifically evaluate collateral axonal sprouting for cutaneous sensory re-innervation. The skin component of the flap was externalized and serial skin sections extending from native skin to the grafted flap were biopsied. In order to visualize regenerating axonal structures in the dermis and epidermis, 50um frozen sections were immunostained against axonal and Schwann cell markers. In all alloflaps, collateral axonal sprouts from adjacent recipient skin extended into the denervated skin component along the dermal-epidermal junction from the periphery towards the center. On day 100 post-transplant, regenerating sprouts reached 0.5 cm into the flap centripetally. Eight months following transplant, epidermal fibers were visualized 1.5 cm from the margin (rate of regeneration 0.06 mm per day). All animals had pinprick sensation in the periphery of the transplanted skin within 3 months post-transplant. Restoration of sensory input through collateral axonal sprouting can revive interaction with the environment; restore defense mechanisms and aid in cortical re-integration of vascularized composite allografts.
Leadership from the file room to the board room : A grounded theory inquiry into the influences of a leadership development program on participants

iii! Acknowledgements iv! List of Tables ix! List of Figures x! Prologue 1! Chapter One: Context 2! Before the Beginning 2! Playing with the Relationship between Improvisation and Leadership 3! I Wanted to Reflect on my Practice 6! The Background Story of this Leadership Development Program 8! My Relationship to this Program 21! Chapter Two: Review(er) of the Literature 24! The Purpose of a Literature Review 24! Introduction 24! Major Topics 26! Leadership 26! Individual leader trait theories 32! Situational leadership theories 32! Psychoanalytical theories of leadership 33! Humanistic leadership theories 33! Transformational leadership theories 34! Organizational culture 45! Leadership development 60! Conclusion 70! Chapter Three: Research Approach, Methodology, and Methods 72! How I Began 72!
Tradeoffs in the Design of Single Chip Multiprocessors

By the end of the decade, as VLSI integration levels continue to increase, building a multiprocessor system on a single chip will become feasible. In this paper, we propose to analyze the tradeoos involved in designing such a chip, and speciically address whether to allocate available chip area to larger caches or to large numbers of processors. Using the dimensions of the Alpha 21064 microprocessor as a basis, we determine several candidate conngurations which vary in cache size and number of processors, and evaluate them in terms of both processing power and cycle time. We then investigate ne tuning the architecture in order to further improve performance, by trading oo the number of processors for a larger TLB size. Our results show that for a coarse-grain execution environment, adding processors at the expense of cache size improves performance up to a point. We then show that increasing TLB size at the expense of the number of processors can further improve performance.
Effectiveness of Dietary Allergen Exclusion Therapy on Eosinophilic Colitis in Chinese Infants and Young Children ≤ 3 Years of Age

Eosinophilic colitis is a well recognized clinical entity mainly associated with food allergies. Empiric treatment options include dietary allergen exclusion (extensively hydrolyzed protein formula and elimination diet), anti-allergy medications (antihistamines and leukotriene receptor antagonists) and corticosteroids. We evaluated the effectiveness of dietary antigen exclusion on clinical remission of eosinophilic colitis in infants and young children. We retrospectively reviewed charts of all infants and children ≤3 years of age who were diagnosed with eosinophilic colitis (defined as mucosal eosinophilia ≥20 hpf−1) from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2013 at a tertiary children’s hospital in China. Forty-nine children were identified with eosinophilic colitis. Elemental formula, simple elimination diet or combination therapy resulted in clinical improvement in 75%, 88.2% and 80% of patients, respectively. In conclusion, eosinophilic colitis in infants and children ≤3 years of age responded well to dietary allergen exclusion.
Minkowski's object - a starburst triggered by a radio jet

New radio and optical images of Minkowski's object, a peculiar blue object near the elliptical galaxy NGC 541 in the cluster Abell 194, are presented. The observations show that the object is a region with bright optical line and continuum emission which are morphologically related and associated with a radio jet emanating from NGC 541. Optical emission is brightest near the edges of the jet, correlated with the absence of polarized radio emission, and filamentary downstream where the radio jet is deflected and decollimated. Minkowski's object exhibits unusually bright optical continuum emission, and its spectrum resembles those of galaxies dominated by giant H II regions. Observations of the prototypical starburst galaxy NGC 7714 (Weedman et al., 1981) confirm that the optical emission from Minkowski's object is caused by the photoionization of gas by type O and B stars. 71 references.
Receiver design for multiuser CDMA systems with space-time coding and imperfect state information

Considering that existing space-time coded CDMA (STC-CDMA) system has high decoding complexity, we design a low-complexity multiuser receiver scheme for imperfect channel state information (CSI) in this paper. The scheme can make full use of the complex orthogonality of STC to simplify the high decoding complexity of the existing scheme, and achieve almost the same performance as the existing scheme. Compared with full-diversity STC-CDMA, the given full-rate STC-CDMA can realize full data rate, low complexity and partial diversity, and form efficient spatial interleaving. Thus the system performance will be improved greatly when concatenated with the channel coding. Simulation results show that the designed receiver scheme is valid and reasonable, the multiuser system performance with imperfect CSI is worse than that with perfect CSI due to the estimation error. Moreover, the full-rate STC-CDMA has lower BER than those full-diversity STC-CDMA systems on the condition of same system throughput and concatenation of channel code.
Intrinsic Motivation Psychological and Neuroscientific Perspectives Bachelor Degree Project in Cognitive Neuroscience Level C, 15 Ects Spring Term 2012

Submitted by Pauli Saari to the University of Skövde as a final year project towards the degree of B.Sc. in the School of Humanities and Informatics. The project has been supervised by Pilleriin Sikka. 120520 I hereby certify that all material in this final year project which is not my own work has been identified and that no work is included for which a degree has already been conferred on me. Abstract The aim of this essay is to give an overview of the topic of intrinsic motivation based on psychological and neuroimaging research. More specifically, the objective is to give an overview of the various benefits of intrinsic motivation, discuss its relationship to extrinsic rewards, and review the existing neuroimaging research that has explicitly explored intrinsic motivation. A positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and persistence, conceptual learning, creativity and both hedonic as well as eudaimonic well-being has been demonstrated. A wealth of studies has shown that extrinsic rewards undermine intrinsic motivation, while the validity of these findings has been debated. Initial neuroimaging studies concerning the neural basis of intrinsic motivation have been conducted, showing unique activations in the intrinsic motivation conditions in e.g. the anterior precuneus and the right insular cortex. Conceptual and methodological problems have been discussed, and it is suggested that the neuroscientific findings mentioned above can be interpreted in terms of the neural distinction between wanting and liking, rather than in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and that psychological research can draw on neuroscientific findings in order to make its research more precise.
Life Satisfaction

We analyze the determinants of global life satisfaction in two countries (The Netherlands and the U.S.), by using both self-reports and responses to a battery of vignette questions. We find global life satisfaction of happiness is well-described by four domains: job or daily activities, social contacts and family, health, and income. Among the four domains, social contacts and family have the highest impact on global life satisfaction, followed by job and daily activities and health. Income has the lowest impact. As in other work, we find that American response styles differ from the Dutch in that Americans are more likely to use the extremes of the scale (either very satisfied or very dissatisfied) than the Dutch, who are more inclined to stay in the middle of the scale. Although for both Americans and the Dutch, income is the least important determinant of global life satisfaction, it is more important in the U.S. than in The Netherlands. Indeed life satisfaction varies substantially more with income in the U.S. than in The Netherlands.
A Gravity Model of Barriers to Trade in New Zealand

There are many costs associated with international trade. These costs act as barriers to trade and affect the level of trade. This paper first provides a brief discussion of the state-of- the-art methods used to measure trade costs and to quantify their impact on trade. It then empirically investigates the role of a range of barriers to New Zealand’s trade within the framework of a gravity model of trade. The analysis covers New Zealand’s trade with around 200 trade partners over the years 2001 to 2006, and includes tariffs and a number of non-trade policy factors such as property rights, financial market sophistication, corruption, and a range of measures related to infrastructure quality. The empirical evidence both in the literature and in this study highlights the growing importance of nonpolicy induced barriers to trade.
Evolutionary Nonnegative Matrix Factorization Algorithms for Community Detection in Dynamic Networks

Discovering evolving communities in dynamic networks is essential to important applications such as analysis for dynamic web content and disease progression. Evolutionary clustering uses the temporal smoothness framework that simultaneously maximizes the clustering accuracy at the current time step and minimizes the clustering drift between two successive time steps. In this paper, we propose two evolutionary nonnegative matrix factorization (ENMF) frameworks for detecting dynamic communities. To address the theoretical relationship among evolutionary clustering algorithms, we first prove the equivalence relationship between ENMF and optimization of evolutionary modularity density. Then, we extend the theory by proving the equivalence between evolutionary spectral clustering and ENMF, which serves as the theoretical foundation for hybrid algorithms. Based on the equivalence, we propose a semi-supervised ENMF (sE-NMF) by incorporating a priori information into ENMF. Unlike the traditional semi-supervised algorithms, a priori information is integrated into the objective function of the algorithm. The main advantage of the proposed algorithm is to escape the local optimal solution without increasing time complexity. The experimental results over a number of artificial and real world dynamic networks illustrate that the proposed method is not only more accurate but also more robust than the state-of-the-art approaches.
A Versatile Building Block: the Cmos Dierential Dierence Amplier

| An extension of the op-amp concept featuring two dierential inputs is presented. In a closed-loop environment this circuit forces two oating voltages to the same value, and thus has many i n teresting applications in the ana-log circuit domain. The formal description of such a circuit, its nonidealities and restrictions are given. A monolithic integration of this dierential dierence amplier (DDA) in a double-poly CMOS technology and the measured characteristics are described. Many applications of this circuit, including a voltage comparator with oating inputs, a voltage inverter without resistors and an instrumentation am-plier with only two external gain determining resistors are discussed.
ExB Themis: Extensive Feature Extraction from Word Alignments for Semantic Textual Similarity

We present ExB Themis – a word alignmentbased semantic textual similarity system developed for SemEval-2015 Task 2: Semantic Textual Similarity. It combines both string and semantic similarity measures as well as alignment features using Support Vector Regression. It occupies the first three places on Spanish data and additionally places second on English data. ExB Themis proved to be the best multilingual system among all participants.
Quicksilver/OCaml: A Poor Man's Type-Safe and Abstraction-Secure Communication Library (Work in Progress)

We present Quicksilver/OCaml, an Objective Caml library for communicating data in a possibly hostile network environment without losing type safety or abstraction. It is entirely implemented at user level, i.e., without modifying the compiler or the runtime at all. The key ideas are (1) representing types by (tuples of) functions, (2) abstraction by encryption, and (3) distinction of type representations for input and output. We show by examples that the library is useful for implementing applications where not only safety, but also security against malicious attackers is required.
The spectrum of an asymmetric annihilation process

In recent work on nonequilibrium statistical physics, a certain Markovian exclusion model called an asymmetric annihilation process was studied by Ayyer and Mallick. In it they gave a precise conjecture for the eigenvalues (along with the multiplicities) of the transition matrix. They further conjectured that to each eigenvalue, there corresponds only one eigenvector. We prove the first of these conjectures by generalizing the original Markov matrix by introducing extra parameters, explicitly calculating its eigenvalues, and showing that the new matrix reduces to the original one by a suitable specialization. In addition, we outline a derivation of the partition function in the generalized model, which also reduces to the one obtained by Ayyer and Mallick in the original model.
Survival and Death in International Trade - Discrete-Time Durations of EU Imports

In the existing literature, the duration of trade has typically been analyzed using either descriptive Kaplan-Meier methods or a Cox regression approach. While the latter has the advantage of allowing for explanatory variables, it is designed for the analysis of continuous duration times, whereas trade flows are observed for discrete time intervals. The purpose of this paper is to point out why it is inappropriate to analyze the duration of trade with continuous- rather than discrete-time models, and to illustrate the implications of the model choice in an empirical application to EU trade. Briefly, there are three major problems with the continuous-time models. First, such models face problems in the presence of many tied duration times, with a risk of biased estimation coefficients and standard errors. Second, it is very difficult to properly control for unobserved heterogeneity, which can cause spurious duration dependencies, as well as parameter biases. Third, the Cox model – which, by far, is the most commonly used model – imposes the restrictive and empirically questionable assumption of proportional hazards. By contrast, discrete-time models, such as probit, logit and complementary log-log models have no difficulty dealing with ties; unobserved heterogeneity can easily be controlled for; and one is not forced to assume proportional hazards. Applying both continuous- and discrete-time models to detailed data on imports to EU15 countries from 139 exporters for the period 1962-2006, we find evidence in support of the arguments against the Cox model, and conclude that researchers that use a Cox model might run a serious risk of getting incorrect results.
Step Counting Investigation with Smartphone Sensors

Over the past 25 years, cellphones have gone from being devices without even a display which are only used for calling, to all-in-one devices capable of doing everything. They can not only do everything, but they are able to perform so well that they have singlehandedly eradicated product lines like IPods, Pagers, most digital cameras and for that matter, even reduced the need for a laptops. On the other hand, they are still lagging in terms of ﬁtness tracking, more speciﬁcally step counters. Step Counters, in some form, have been around since at least the last 400 years [1]. They used to be and are still available as standalone devices whose sole or major responsibility was to track the number of steps taken by a user. Today’s dedicated ﬁtness trackers seem to have a really high accuracy rate of around 97% [8]. Smartphone sensors on the other hand, are still playing catch up. Even though the quality of the MEMS on smartphone sensors have improved dramatically over the past 10 years or so, the step counts from even the ﬂagship phones on the market today still have really high error rates. There is a need to improve the quality of the step counters in smartphones and this is the problem being tackled in this project.
How people revisit web pages: empirical findings and implications for the design of history systems

We report on users' revisitation patterns to World Wide Web (web) pages, and use the results to lay an empirical foundation for the design of history mechanisms in web browsers. Through history, a user can return quickly to a previously visited page, possibly reducing the cognitive and physical overhead required to navigate to it from scratch. We analysed 6 weeks of detailed usage data collected from 23 users of a well-known web browser. We found that 58% of an individual's pages are revisits, and that users continually add new web pages into their repertoire of visited pages. People tend to revisit pages just visited, access only a few pages frequently, browse in very small clusters of related pages and generate only short sequences of repeated URL paths. We compared different history mechanisms, and found that the stack-based prediction method prevalent in commercial browsers is inferior to the simpler approach of showing the last few recently visited URLs with duplicates removed. Other predictive approaches fare even better. Based on empirical evidence, eight design guidelines for web browser history mechanisms were then formulated. When used to evaluate the existing hypertext-based history mechanisms, they explain why some aspects of today's browsers seem to work well, and other's poorly. The guidelines also indicate how history mechanisms in the web can be made even more effective.f1f1This article is a major expansion of a conference paper (Tauscher & Greenberg, 1997). This research reported in this article was performed as part of an M.Sc. project (Tauscher, 1996).
MedWeaver: integrating decision support, literature searching, and Web exploration using the UMLS Metathesaurus

Integrating functions from disparate and widely-distributed information systems has been an interest of the medical informatics community for some time. Barriers to progress have included the lack of network-accessible information sources, inadequate methods for inter-system messaging, and lack of vocabulary translation services. With the advent of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the evolution of the National Library of Medicine's Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), it is now possible to develop applications that integrate functions from diverse, distributed systems. In this paper we describe one such system, MedWeaver, a WWW application that integrates functions from a decision support application (DXplain), a literature searching system (WebMedline), and a clinical Web searching system (CliniWeb) using the UMLS Metathesaurus for vocabulary translation. This system demonstrates how application developers can design systems around anticipated clinical information needs and then draw together the needed content and functionality from diverse sources.