Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Choosing Daughters: Exploring Why Mothers Favor Adult Daughters over Sons

This article uses quantitative and qualitative data from 424 mothers' relationships with 1,494 adult children to explore gender differences in mothers' choices of children as sources of support and closeness. Despite strong theoretical arguments regarding the priority of the mother– daughter tie, empirical research has not provided consistent support for this pattern. This article explores whether inconsistent findings regarding the priority of mother–daughter relationships result from the way in which intergenerational affect is generally measured. In contrast to traditional measures that ask parents to rate their closeness to each child, the measures used here ask mothers to choose among their children. This method revealed a consistent pattern of preference for daughters over sons as sources of emotional and instrumental support, primarily on the basis of shared values and gender-specific similarities.
School Reform Through Bilingual Education: Problems and Some Solutions in Evaluating Programs

The origins of bilingual education are as varied as the community, societal, and political settings in which they are located. In the United States, for example, the recent resurgence of interest in bilingual education has largely been a consequence of a society which claims to provide equal opportunity to all. It has come to be recognized that equal educational opportunity to minority-language children whose facility in the school language (English) is limited can best be achieved through the provision of instruction in the children's dominant language while proficiency in English is being developed. In Canada, however, the recent growth of bilingual education has largely been a consequence of political entities which are committed to providing services in the country's two official languages. Bilingualism holds the promise of economic rewards through both increased job opportunities and financial bonuses. For French-Canadians, who without bilingual schooling have formed the base of Canada's bilingual population, this implies that French will continue to be the language of instruction. For English-Canadians, however, the school is coming to be seen as a potential vehicle for the attainment of bilingual skills. Although teaching French as a subject has been included in the curriculum of many English-Canadian schools, it has provided disappointing results for those whose goal was bilingualism. ' Consequently, mainly at the initiative of parents, programs of bilingual education for Anglophones have been started in many communities across Canada. One of these programs, referred to as an "early French immersion program," begins at the kindergarten level (age 5). The pupils entering
Psychosocial work environment and psychological well‐being: assessment of the buffering effects in the job demand–control (–support) model in BELSTRESS

The Karasek Job Demand–Control model has as its central tenet the so-called ‘strain hypothesis’, stating that the most adverse health outcomes are to be expected in ‘high strain’ jobs characterized by high job demands and low job control. Later, this model was elaborated, stating that ‘isolated’ high strain workers experiencing low worksite social support are even more worse off. This is labelled the ‘iso-strain hypothesis’. However, in the literature, the question was raised whether a high level of job control may (1) mitigate or buffer the effects of high job demands on psychological well-being, or alternatively whether (2) a high level of social support may buffer the negative impact of high strain on psychological well-being. In this study among 16 335 male workers and 5084 female workers in Belgium, four indicators of psychological well-being are considered: feelings of depression, feelings of fatigue, sleep problems and use of psychoactive drugs. Both in men and in women, the general strain hypothesis and the iso-strain hypothesis alike are corroborated regarding the cross-sectional associations adjusted for age, level of education and living situation. This is most clear with respect to feelings of depression, less so with respect to the use of psychotropic drugs. The buffer hypotheses however are definitely not supported by our data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When less is more

Easterbrook’s (1959) cue-utilization theory has been widely used to explain the inverted U-shaped relationship, initially established by Yerkes and Dodson, between emotional arousal and performance. The basic tenet of the theory assumes that high levels of arousal lead to restriction of the amount of information to which agents can pay attention. One fundamental derivative of the theory, as typically conceived in psychology, is the assumption that restriction of information or the ability to process a smaller set of data is fundamentally disadvantageous. To explore the merits of this point, we first argue that the relationship depicted by this collapsed version of the Yerkes-Dodson law is far too simplistic to account for the complex relationship between various cognitive functions and emotional arousal. Second, conceptualization of arousal as a unidimensional construct needs to be rejected. Finally, and most importantly, we challenge the notion that having more information available is necessarily preferable to having less information.
Expanding the Evidence Base in Transplantation: The Complementary Roles of Randomized Controlled Trials and Outcomes Research

Transplantation offers a unique opportunity to demonstrate the complementary roles of randomized controlled trials and outcome research. The surgery and collaboration necessary for the transplant procedure makes randomization and blinding difficult. Because essentially every recipient is included in a transplant registry, sampling bias is minimized. Regulatory agencies generally do not consider outcomes research when assessing efficacy of new drugs or medical interventions. This workgroup summary examines the suitability of outcomes research to complement results of randomized controlled trials and related issues: efficacy versus effectiveness, internal versus external validity, data types, limitations, and analysis methodologies. Many advances in outcomes research have been pioneered in transplantation. A case is made for regulatory and reimbursement authorities to use outcomes research when making efficacy, effectiveness, and coverage decisions in transplantation.
NK 1 . 1 + cells are important for the development of protective immunity against MHC I-deficient , HPV 16-associated tumours

Loss or downregulation of MHC class I molecules on tumour cells is a common mechanism by which tumours can escape T-cell mediated immune responses. In this study, we examined the role of different immune cell lineages in the development of immunity against tumours of the same aetiology but with different MHC class I expression. In vivo depletion of CD8+ cells, but not of CD4+ or NK1.1+ cells in the immunization period resulted in complete elimination of the protective effects of immunization with irradiated TC-1 cells (MHC class I-positive cell line) against the TC-1 tumour challenge. After immunization with irradiated TC-1/A9 or with MK16 tumour cells (MHC class I-deficient sublines) a remarkable dependence on the presence of NK1.1+ cells was observed, while the tumour growth inhibition after CD4+ or CD8+ depletion was not efficient. Cytotoxic activity induced by TC-1 cell immunization was significantly abrogated in the CD8+ and CD4+ but not NK1.1+ cell-depleted mice, as compared to the immunized only controls. After MK16 or TC-1/A9 cell immunization, NK1.1+ but not CD8+ and CD4+ cell-depleted mice displayed significant reduction of specific cytotoxicity. Mice immunized with TC-1 cells showed similar percentage of IFNÁ producing cells in CD8+, CD4+ and NK1.1+ cell populations. On the other hand, the highest proportion of IFNÁ producing cells after immunization with TC-1/A9 or MK16 cells was concentrated into the NK1.1positive spleen cell population. Our data demonstrate that the development of immunity against MHC class I-deficient tumours is highly dependent on the activity NK1.1+ cell population.
Child Abuse, Imagination and Hypnotizability

Our research was designed to provide a rigorous test of J. R. Hilgard's hypothesis that hypnotizability is related to a history of physical punishment and to imaginative involvements. College students who reported a history of physical abuse (N = 21) and sexual abuse (N = 23) were compared with control subjects who either lost a parent by way of death or divorce (N = 20) or who were from intact homes (N = 35), under test conditions that minimized the possibility that context effects would prejudice the findings. No support was found for the hypothesis that increased hypnotizability was associated with a history of physical or sexual abuse: All of the groups were indistinguishable on measures of objective and subjective response to hypnosis. However, consistent with Hilgard's hypothesis, physically and sexually abused subjects were found to be more fantasy-prone than subjects in both nonabused control conditions.
Social Identity and Self-Categorization Processes in Organizational Contexts

Although aspects of social identity theory are familiar to organizational psychologists, its elaboration, through self-categorization theory, of how social categorization and prototype-based depersonalization actually produce social identity effects is less well known. We describe these processes, relate self-categorization theory to social identity theory, describe new theoretical developments in detail, and show how these developments can address a range of organizational phenomena. We discuss cohesion and deviance, leadership, subgroup and sociodemographic structure, and mergers and acquisitions.
Bimolecular Complementation of Paramyxovirus Fusion and Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Proteins Enhances Fusion: Implications for the Mechanism of Fusion Triggering

ABSTRACT For paramyxoviruses, entry requires a receptor-binding protein (hemagglutinin-neuraminidase [HN], H, or G) and a fusion protein (F). Like other class I viral fusion proteins, F is expressed as a prefusion metastable protein that undergoes a refolding event to induce fusion. HN binding to its receptor triggers F refolding by an unknown mechanism. HN may serve as a clamp that stabilizes F in its prefusion state until HN binds the target cell (the “clamp model”). Alternatively, HN itself may undergo a conformational change after receptor binding that destabilizes F and causes F to trigger (the “provocateur model”). To examine F-HN interactions by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), the cytoplasmic tails of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) F and HN were fused to complementary fragments of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Coexpression of the BiFC constructs resulted in fluorescence; however, coexpression with unrelated BiFC constructs also produced fluorescence. The affinity of the two halves of YFP presumably superseded the F-HN interaction. Unexpectedly, coexpression of the BiFC F and HN constructs greatly enhanced fusion in multiple cell types. We hypothesize that the increase in fusion occurs because the BiFC tags bring F and HN together more frequently than occurs in a wild-type (wt) scenario. This implies that normally much of wt F is not associated with wt HN, in conflict with the clamp model for activation. Correspondingly, we show that wt PIV5 fusion occurs in an HN concentration-dependent manner. Also inconsistent with the clamp model are the findings that BiFC F does not adopt a postfusion conformation when expressed in the absence of HN and that HN coexpression does not provide resistance to the heat-induced triggering of F. In support of a provocateur model of F activation, we demonstrate by analysis of the morphology of soluble F trimers that the hyperfusogenic mutation S443P has a destabilizing effect on F.
Relational and Individual Well-Being Among Cohabitors and Married Individuals in Midlife

This study uses data from the Norwegian NorLAG study (N = 2,455) to examine differences in relationship quality and psychological well-being between middle-aged cohabitors and married persons. The authors question whether previous results linking cohabitation as compared with marriage to lower well-being will replicate in Norway, where cohabitation is much more widespread and socially accepted and where the legal system increasingly treats cohabitation and marriage as equal. The authors find that never-married cohabitors but not formerly married cohabitors report lower levels of relational and subjective well-being compared with their married counterparts. In this way, cohabitation per se is not qualitatively different from marriage. The presence of children and union duration have previously been linked to greater discontentment among cohabitors, but this is not evinced in this study.
Homicides Exceptionally Cleared and Cleared by Arrest

This is an exploratory study of exceptional clearances using homicide data from Chicago from 1988 through 1995. The focus of the analysis is on homicide cases in which the offender is detained by police, but later released because the prosecution refuses to prosecute. On the basis of a bivariate and logit analysis, it appears that cases barred to prosecution predominately involve either domestic altercations or other types of altercations.
Determinants of behavioral intention to use course blogs

This paper examines how attitude interacts with factors affecting intention in course blogs. Based on technology acceptance and knowledge sharing, we develop a model which comprises nine constructs and eight research hypotheses, with attitude as a mediating construct. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze survey data collected from 340 primary school students in Taiwan. Attitude is the pivot of the factors influencing intention. The results show that, in order of importance, reciprocity, perceived ease of use, reputation, and expected association are the major factors contributing to attitude, whereas perceived usefulness, altruism, and trust have no significant influence on attitude. This study makes a contribution in understanding how educators and e-learning service providers can reinforce learners' attitude in an attempt to achieve the intention of continued course blog usage.
Toward a Comprehensive Atlas of the Physical Interactome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae*S

Defining protein complexes is critical to virtually all aspects of cell biology. Two recent affinity purification/mass spectrometry studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have vastly increased the available protein interaction data. The practical utility of such high throughput interaction sets, however, is substantially decreased by the presence of false positives. Here we created a novel probabilistic metric that takes advantage of the high density of these data, including both the presence and absence of individual associations, to provide a measure of the relative confidence of each potential protein-protein interaction. This analysis largely overcomes the noise inherent in high throughput immunoprecipitation experiments. For example, of the 12,122 binary interactions in the general repository of interaction data (BioGRID) derived from these two studies, we marked 7504 as being of substantially lower confidence. Additionally, applying our metric and a stringent cutoff we identified a set of 9074 interactions (including 4456 that were not among the 12,122 interactions) with accuracy comparable to that of conventional small scale methodologies. Finally we organized proteins into coherent multisubunit complexes using hierarchical clustering. This work thus provides a highly accurate physical interaction map of yeast in a format that is readily accessible to the biological community.
Chemokine C10 Promotes Disease Resolution and Survival in an Experimental Model of Bacterial Sepsis

ABSTRACT Previous studies have suggested that the C-C chemokine C10 is involved in the chronic stages of host defense reactions. The present study addressed the role of C10 in a murine model of septic peritonitis, induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Unlike other C-C chemokines, C10 levels in the peritoneal wash were increased approximately 30-fold above baseline levels at 48 h after CLP surgery. Immunoneutralization of peritoneal C10 levels with polyclonal anti-C10 antiserum during CLP-induced peritonitis negatively impacted mouse survival over 4 days. In contrast, when 500 ng of recombinant murine C10 was administered immediately after CLP surgery, the 4-day survival rate increased from 20% to over 60%. The C10 therapy appeared to facilitate a rapid and significant enhancement of the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and a later increase in interleukin-13 (IL-13) levels in the peritoneal cavity. In vitro studies showed that the combination of IL-1β and C10 markedly augmented TNF-α synthesis by peritoneal macrophages and that C10 synthesis was induced in these cells following their exposure to IL-13. At 24 h after CLP surgery, only 25% of C10-treated mice were bacteremic versus 85% of the control group that exhibited dissemination of bacteria into the circulation. The lack of bacteremia in C10-treated mice appeared to be related, in part, to in vitro evidence that C10 significantly enhanced the bacterial phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. In addition, in vivo evidence suggested that C10 therapy significantly reduced the amount of material that leaked from the damaged gut. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that the C10 chemokine rapidly promotes disease resolution in the CLP model through its direct effects on the cellular events critically involved in host defense during septic peritonitis.
Targeted NGF siRNA Delivery Attenuates Sympathetic Nerve Sprouting and Deteriorates Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats with Myocardial Infarction

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is involved in nerve sprouting, hyper-innervation, angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, and preservation of cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). Positively modulating NGF expression may represent a novel pharmacological strategy to improve post-infarction prognosis. In this study, lentivirus encoding NGF short interfering RNA (siRNA) was prepared, and MI was modeled in the rat using left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Rats were randomly grouped to receive intramyocardial injection of lentiviral solution containing NGF-siRNA (n = 19, MI-SiNGF group), lentiviral solution containing empty vector (n = 18, MI-GFP group) or 0.9% NaCl solution (n = 18, MI-control group), or to receive thoracotomy and pericardiotomy (n = 17, sham-operated group). At 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk after transduction, rats in the MI-control group had higher levels of NGF mRNA and protein than those in the sham-operated group, rats in the MI-GFP group showed similar levels as the MI-control group, and rats in the MI-SiNGF group had lower levels compared to the MI-GFP group, indicating that MI model was successfully established and NGF siRNA effectively inhibited the expression of NGF. At 8 wk, echocardiographic and hemodynamic studies revealed a more severe cardiac dysfunction in the MI-siRNA group compared to the MI-GFP group. Moreover, rats in the MI-siRNA group had lower mRNA and protein expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and growth-associated protein 43-positive nerve fibers (GAP-43) at both the infarcted border and within the non-infarcted left ventricles (LV). NGF silencing also reduced the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and decreased the arteriolar and capillary densities at the infarcted border compared to the MI-GFP group. Histological analysis indicated a large infarcted size in the MI-SiNGF group. These findings suggested that endogenous NGF silencing attenuated sympathetic nerve sprouting and angiogenesis, enlarged the infarct size, aggravated cardiac dysfunction, and potentially contributed to an unfavorable prognosis after MI.
The elephant in the room: mapping the latent communication pattern in European Union studies

European Union (EU) studies is known as a fragmented and interdisciplinary field. Drawing on bibliometric methods, this article presents a novel approach to examining the alleged lines of fragmentation in EU studies. It maps the network structure arising from the citation practices in journals concerned with EU studies by analysing 2,561 documents, containing 66,162 references, published in four authoritative EU journals in the period 2003–2010. The article finds: (1) a complex network of EU and non-EU sources clustering around different bordering disciplines, particularly Political Science, Comparative Politics, International Relations and Public Administration; (2) that the two core journals – Journal of European Public Policy and Journal of Common Market Studies – play an integrating function by holding the various subfields of EU studies together; and (3) a transatlantic divide in communication practices of EU scholars.
Intimate Work

Although the job and career functions of workers' networks have been well documented, there is little understanding of the social support that workers provide to their network members. This article addresses this gap by developing a typology of social support that workers provide to their network members. Drawing on interview data from 40 employees, the author identifies six types of social support that vary in terms of their intimacy, emotional energy expended, nonemotional resources required, frequency of expression, and function. The author concludes by discussing the implications of this typology for our understanding of workplace intimacy and the benefits of informal networks in work organizations.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Multiresistant Taxonomic Outlier Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA7

Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA7 is a non-respiratory human isolate from Argentina that is multiresistant to antibiotics. We first sequenced gyrA, gyrB, parC, parE, ampC, ampR, and several housekeeping genes and found that PA7 is a taxonomic outlier. We report here the complete sequence of the 6,588,339 bp genome, which has only about 95% overall identity to other strains. PA7 has multiple novel genomic islands and a total of 51 occupied regions of genomic plasticity. These islands include antibiotic resistance genes, parts of transposons, prophages, and a pKLC102-related island. Several PA7 genes not present in PAO1 or PA14 are putative orthologues of other Pseudomonas spp. and Ralstonia spp. genes. PA7 appears to be closely related to the known taxonomic outlier DSM1128 (ATCC9027). PA7 lacks several virulence factors, notably the entire TTSS region corresponding to PA1690-PA1725 of PAO1. It has neither exoS nor exoU and lacks toxA, exoT, and exoY. PA7 is serotype O12 and pyoverdin type II. Preliminary proteomic studies indicate numerous differences with PAO1, some of which are probably a consequence of a frameshift mutation in the mvfR quorum sensing regulatory gene.
Gender moderates the self-regulatory consequences of suppressing emotional reactions to sexism

This study examined whether members of low-status, stigmatized groups are less susceptible to the negative cognitive consequences of suppressing their emotional reactions to prejudice, compared with members of high-status, non-stigmatized groups. Specifically, we examined whether regulating one s emotional reactions to sexist comments—an exercise of self-regulation—leaves women less cognitively depleted than their male counterparts. We hypothesized that the greater practice and experience of suppressing emotional reactions to sexism that women are likely to have relative to men should leave them less cognitively impaired by such emotion suppression. Results were consistent with this hypothesis. Moreover, these results suggest that our social group memberships may play an important role in determining which social demands we find depleting.