Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Humanitarianism as a Politics of Life

On March 28, 2003, as on the last Friday of every month, the board of administrators of Medecins sans frontieres (MSF; Doctors without Borders) met between five and eleven o’clock in the organization’s head office on the first floor of a building in the eleventh arrondissement of Paris. On that particular evening a peculiar atmosphere of expectation and excitement reigned. There was of course the customary rapid overview of the situation in a number of “missions” in various parts of the world where the organization intervenes, followed by a more in-depth examination, with discussion of various specific topics concerning the running of the association and its humanitarian activities. The construction of the “international movement” was also raised: it referred to the network of sections in twenty countries, of which six are actually in a position to conduct operations, and which strives to ensure a coherence of identity and policy in the work of each national body beyond the details of local history and culture. The DNDi (Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative) program was another issue addressed: this is an original project that the organization had instigated two years earlier in order to establish, in international collaboration with private charitable foundations and public partners, a program of research and development similar
Tracking year-to-year changes in intestinal nematode communities of rufous mouse lemurs (Microcebus rufus)

SUMMARY While it is known that intestinal parasite communities vary in their composition over time, there is a lack of studies addressing how variation in component communities (between-hosts) manifests in infracommunities (within-host) during the host lifespan. In this study, we investigate the changes in the intestinal parasite infracommunities in wild-living rufous mouse lemurs (Microcebus rufus) from Ranomafana National Park in southeastern Madagascar from 2010 to 2012. We used high-throughput barcoding of the 18S rRNA gene to interrogate parasite community structure. Our results show that in these nematode communities, there were two frequently occurring putative species and four rarer putative species. All putative species were randomly distributed over host individuals and they did not occur in clear temporal patterns. For the individuals caught in at least two different years, there was high turnover of putative species and high variation in fecal egg counts. Our study shows that while there was remarkable variation in infracommunities over time, the component community was relatively stable. Nevertheless, the patterns of prevalence varied substantially between years in each component community.
Employee empowerment in construction: an implementation model for process improvement

The business environment of construction organisations has undergone significant change over the last 50 years. As a result, construction management has had to respond to issues such as increasing levels of client expectation, globalisation of the construction economy, cut‐throat competition, and tight margins, plus the “inherent” obstacles to operating in the sector, such as separation of design and construction, fragmented production methods, adversarial relationships, and a reluctance to innovate and take up information technology. Furthermore, the problems of poor and unstructured training, multi‐tiered management systems, and poor communication provide less than optimal conditions for achieving high quality products in good time and to budget. One approach to addressing these issues is through the concept of employee empowerment. This paper presents an overview of the empowerment concept in the context of construction management, highlighting the hurdles, an implementation process, and achievable benefits.
The Innovative Firm: Nexus of Communities and Creativity

The following contribution aims to analyze the sources of creativity in a modern, highly innovative and “stylised” company that does not rely on traditional sources of innovation (large R&D units, research cooperative agreements, R&D contracts with university centres, etc.). We show that the theories of the innovative firm have to be coupled with the understanding of local innovative processes. We consider communities (and in particular knowing communities) as relevant units of analysis to tackle our understanding of the innovative organization and to further analyze firms as a complex ecology of communities (inside and in-between communities of specialists) within the external environment (in “spaces and places” fostering and supporting innovation).
Deception and Britain's road to war in Iraq

Ever since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, there has been a widely shared public perception in the UK and beyond that the British Government lied in making the case for war. One major theme has been the view that the Blair Government lied about the strength of the intelligence about alleged Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and the extent of the WMD capabilities claimed by that intelligence. A second theme that has received less attention has been the view that the Blair Government lied in claiming that its actions at the United Nations (UN) were aimed at securing peaceful Iraqi compliance with its disarmament obligations. Instead, most think that the UK was actually committed to a policy of regime change by force, which the British Government accepts would have been illegal, and did not want the 'UN route' to produce a peaceful outcome. The article argues that the conceptual focus of the discussion needs to be broadened from lying to also considering deception by omission and deception by distortion as part of a campaign of organized political persuasion. It argues that, on the WMD intelligence, it is now apparent that a campaign of deceptive organised political persuasion was conducted by UK officials. With respect to the UN route, there is mounting though not conclusive evidence that the Blair Government ran a campaign of deception on this issue as well to pave Britain's road to war in Iraq.
Numerical Simulation of Split Vane in a 60 Fuel Rod Bundle of VVER-440 Reactor and Survey the Effect of Large Length Split Vane (LLSV) and Half-Length Split Vane (HLSV) on Heat Transfer Distribution

3 Abstract: In the present study, the fuel bundle in the VVER-440 nuclear reactor is simulated and thermo- hydraulic parameters such as heat transfer coefficient; pressure drop and temperature of fuel rods are estimated. The most research that has been done is related to split vanes of square fuel bundle; however our objective in this study is to investigate split vanes of triangular fuel bundle. Due to lack of experimental results, the validity of CFD analysis of calculation is performed with three models of turbulence. The results showed that using split vane over the triangular fuel bundle led to decrease heat transfer coefficient while heat transfer coefficient is increased in square array fuel bundle.
The Military Expenditure-External Debt Nexus: New Evidence From A Panel Of Middle Eastern Countries

This paper examines the impact of military expenditure and income on external debt for a panel of six Middle Eastern countries; namely, Oman, Syria, Yemen, Bahrain, Iran, and Jordan, over the period 1988 to 2002. Using Pedroni's (2004) test for panel cointegration, we find that there is a long-run relationship between external debt, military expenditure and income. The estimated long-run elasticities suggest that an increase in military expenditure contributes to a rise in external debt, while an increase in income helps the Middle Eastern countries to pay off their external debt.
The (absent) politics of neo-liberal education policy

Despite its ideological saturation, recent neo-liberal education policy has been deeply depoliticising in the sense of reducing properly political concerns to matters of technical efficiency. This depoliticisation is reflected in the hegemony of a managerial discourse and the decontestation of terms like ‘quality’ and ‘effectiveness’, as well as in the apparent consensus around the necessity of particular practices, such as the adoption of ‘standards’ and the implementation of high-stakes testing regimes. The reduction of the political to the technical is not only anti-political but also anti-democratic, with violence often unrecognised behind appeals to consensus, commonsense and ‘rationality’. This study draws on the work of political theorists like Mouffe and Rancière to critique the depoliticisation reflected in recent Australian federal government recent education policy, particularly its notion of an ‘education revolution’ that pre-empts politics through a utopian harmonisation of difference and a reduction of the political to the merely technical and instrumental. This article concludes with some potential starting points for crossing, or traversing, fantasies in education which, along with a recognition of the inescapability of social and political antagonisms, could serve as a basis for a renewed emphasis on the importance of the political in education policy.
Industry Practices and Event Logging: Assessment of a Critical Software Development Process

Practitioners widely recognize the importance of event logging for a variety of tasks, such as accounting, system measurements and troubleshooting. Nevertheless, in spite of the importance of the tasks based on the logs collected under real workload conditions, event logging lacks systematic design and implementation practices. The implementation of the logging mechanism strongly relies on the human expertise. This paper proposes a measurement study of event logging practices in a critical industrial domain. We assess a software development process at Selex ES, a leading Finmeccanica company in electronic and information solutions for critical systems. Our study combines source code analysis, inspection of around 2.3 millions log entries, and direct feedback from the development team to gain process-wide insights ranging from programming practices, logging objectives and issues impacting log analysis. The findings of our study were extremely valuable to prioritize event logging reengineering tasks at Selex ES.
Mothers' Self-Reports of Perinatal Complications

We examined the correspondence between mothers' self-reports of perinatal information and the events as recorded in hospital charts. In addition, we examined the ability of these data to predict newborns' 1- and 5-min Apgar (Apgar & James, 1962) Composite scores. The zero-order correlations between mothers' reports and the same bits of information in the chart ranged from . 42 to 1.00. Moreover, 91% of the correlations exceeded . 90. Multiple-regression analyses showed that a linear composite of mothers' reports of perinatal information and prior medical histories accounted for a significant amount of the variability in 1- and 5-min Apgar scores. The results were interpreted as lending support to the clinical and research utility of structured maternal reports of perinatal information.
Isolated central nervous system relapse of systemic lymphoma (SCNSL): clinical features and outcome of a retrospective analysis

We analyzed clinical outcome of patients with an isolated central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) relapse after systemic non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). All 23 patients with an isolated secondary CNSL (SCNSL) treated at two institutions from 04/2003–12/2007 were included into this analysis. At cerebral relapse, 15/23 patients were treated with a regimen consisting of high-dose methotrexate (Bonn protocol). After a median follow-up of 6.5 months (range 1–68), 15/23 (65%) patients with SCNSL had relapsed or progressed. HD (high-dose)- methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapy according to the Bonn protocol is effective concerning response rates; however, overall survival of patients with SCNSL seems to be impaired in comparison to relapses in primary CNSL (PCNSL).
Robustness of ISS systems to inputs with limited moving average: Application to spacecraft formations

We provide a theoretical framework that fits realistic challenges related to spacecraft formation with disturbances. We show that the input‐to‐state stability of such systems guarantees some robustness with respect to a class of signals with bounded average‐energy, which encompasses the typical disturbances acting on spacecraft formations. Solutions are shown to converge to the desired formation, up to an offset, which is somewhat proportional to the considered moving average of disturbances. In the presence of fast peaking perturbations, the approach provides a tighter evaluation of the disturbances' influence, which allows for the use of more parsimonious control gains. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
`In the Belly of the Beast'

This article explores how female graduate engineers construct femininities in male-dominated organizations. By applying a dynamic relational understanding of gender it is argued that different versions of femininities are constructed through associations to sameness and difference. The graduate engineering profession is closely connected to hegemonic masculinity, not least by the strong representation of technology and a management system itself heavily connected to current hegemonic masculinity. The female engineers stand in a position which can be described as `the dilemma of difference' that arises when women choose to construct themselves as more or less different from men, or more or less visible as women. They negotiate whether the meaning of gender should mean sameness or difference from men, and they negotiate how to relate to hegemonic masculinity. This inuences the different strategies they choose.
International Comparisons of the Prevalence of Chronic Bronchitis

Epidemiological investigations have so far been unable to distinguish between the effects of the various common air pollutants. In the earlier incidents each pollutant was found to have increased in similar proportion. The position is now changing and the ratio of smoke to sulphur dioxide in London is falling. Levels of sulphur dioxide show no decrease, however, and in crowded areas of tall buildings may well be increasing. In co-operation with Dr Lawther and his staff at the MRC Air Pollution Research Unit a detailed study is being made ofthe mortality and morbidity data of the past four years. It is hoped that by the use of the techniques described in this paper, and by taking the years 1958-60 as a base line for comparing the effects of more recent changes in air pollution, it will be possible to assess the relative importance of the smoke and sulphur compounds in the atmosphere. This should supplement the experimental studies now being carried out in the Unit of the effects of various mixtures of pollutants on man.
HOME PLACEMENT TESTING OF LAMB CONDUCTED IN SIX COUNTRIES

Consumer placement tests, which are used to assess products in an appropriate context, were performed in 36 households comprising 2 to 8 persons in England, France, Greece, Iceland, Italy and Spain using leg joints from 2 types of lamb raised in each of those countries. Ratings of odor, tenderness, juiciness, flavor and overall liking were different among lamb types and overall, the least tender was the least liked. Variations in ratings of cooking odor given by the cook only, which were most marked by the Greek and Spanish panels, were correlated with assessments of the other qualities given by the whole household. Variations in liking were less among individuals within a household than between households and reduced as the number of individuals in a household increased. The structure of a panel is important and should be taken into account when analyzing and concluding from consumer placement tests.
Evidence for local control of gene expression in the epidermal differentiation complex

Abstract: The epidermal differentiation complex (EDC), located on chromosomal band 1q21, consists of at least 43 genes that are expressed during keratinocyte differentiation. Indicative of a role for chromatin structure in tissue specificity of EDC gene expression, we identified an inverse correlation between expression and DNA methylation for two EDC genes (S100A2 and S00A6) in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. 5‐azacytidine (5AC) and sodium butyrate (NaB) are two agents known to promote ‘open’ chromatin structure. To explore the relationship between chromatin structure and keratinocyte differentiation, we treated normal human keratinocytes (NHK) with 5AC or NaB, or with protocols known to promote their terminal differentiation. We then measured the steady‐state mRNA levels for several S100 genes, small proline rich region‐1, ‐2, and ‐3, loricrin, and involucrin by Northern blotting. 5AC and NaB each markedly increased expression of SPRR1/2 and involucrin in NHK. In contrast, expression of S100A2 was reduced by both agents, and by induction of keratinocyte differentiation. Moreover, while the clustered EDC genes displayed a general tendency to be expressed in epithelial cells, they displayed different patterns of cell type‐specific expression. These results indicate that local, gene‐specific factors play an important role in the regulation of EDC gene expression in the keratinocyte lineage and during keratinocyte terminal differentiation.
Gaining the insight of workaholism, its nature and its outcome: A literature review

The current study is about exploring the insight of the term ‘workaholism’. Since its inception workaholism has grabbed the attention of the academicians. But recently the organizations are also getting concerned about the workaholic people as the managers are facing complexity in terms of managing such work addicted employees. These workaholic employees face greater amount of difficulties both in their work and family life due to their excessive obsession towards work. As a result they face several physical and psychological problems, and at the same time the organizations suffer in terms of productivity. Though this phenomenon is critically important for the development and growth of the employees and also the employers, very few initiatives were taken to explain the term workaholism along with its nature and impact. Several scholars have defined workaholism from different context, which sometimes create perplexity among the scholars and professionals. Thus the present study takes an initiative to explore the definition of workaholism, its nature, its antecedents, and its outcomes through literature review.
Making parallel lines meet

The extracellular matrix is constructed beyond the plasma membrane, challenging mechanisms for its control by the cell. In plants, the cell wall is highly ordered, with cellulose microfibrils aligned coherently over a scale spanning hundreds of cells. To a considerable extent, deploying aligned microfibrils determines mechanical properties of the cell wall, including strength and compliance. Cellulose microfibrils have long been seen to be aligned in parallel with an array of microtubules in the cell cortex. How do these cortical microtubules affect the cellulose synthase complex? This question has stood for as many years as the parallelism between the elements has been observed, but now an answer is emerging. Here, we review recent work establishing that the link between microtubules and microfibrils is mediated by a protein named cellulose synthase-interacting protein 1 (CSI1). The protein binds both microtubules and components of the cellulose synthase complex. In the absence of CSI1, microfibrils are synthesized but their alignment becomes uncoupled from the microtubules, an effect that is phenocopied in the wild type by depolymerizing the microtubules. The characterization of CSI1 significantly enhances knowledge of how cellulose is aligned, a process that serves as a paradigmatic example of how cells dictate the construction of their extracellular environment.
Inclusive education: teacher perspectives from Malaysia

This paper reports on a survey of views of inclusive education expressed by nearly 300 Malaysian primary school teachers involved in remedial literacy and numeracy education under the country's Literacy and Numeracy Strategy. Overall, the views expressed were positive towards the principle of inclusion. However, despite common professional development on special educational needs, these teachers lacked a common consensus about the benefits of inclusion; they expressed concern about the lack of teacher skills in this area; and they articulated a negative view of children with disabilities and their families. The paper concludes that further professional development is required to address these shortcomings, and that, given the lack of sufficient teacher educators in this area, it seems likely that the government's aim of implementing inclusive education remains a distant goal.
Successful tolerance induction under CD40 ligation in a rodent small bowel transplant model: first report of a study with the novel antibody AH.F5

Background. Intestinal transplantation has been hampered by high rates of intestinal allograft rejection. One mechanism of altering rejection in other organ transplant models has been blockade of second set T-cell costimulatory signals. AH.F5, a novel hamster anti-rat monoclonal antibody to CD154, blocks CD40-dependent T-cell costimulation. We hypothesized that blockade of this pathway might abrogate rejection in a rodent orthotopic survival model of intestinal transplantation. Methods. Eight groups were studied with different dosing schema, including syngeneic transplants (group 1), untreated allogeneic transplants (group 2), allogeneic transplants plus multiple doses of AH.F5 alone given IV or s.c. (groups 3 and 4), allogeneic transplants plus donor splenocyte preconditioning with and without single dose AH.F5 (groups 5 and 6), and donor splenocyte preconditioning followed by multiple doses of AH.F5 with and without thymectomy (groups 7 and 8). Results. Control animals all died within 12 days of transplantation, whereas antibody-alone and splenocytes-alone resulted in modest prolongation of survival to 16 days. Only animals treated with splenocytes before transplantation and AH.F5 survived long-term (>60 days, group 8). These animals tolerated donor-specific skin grafts, rejected third-party grafts, and fed normally. However, their weight gain was subnormal and they demonstrated intestinal muscular thickening, which might represent chronic rejection. Thymectomy prevented the induction of tolerance. Conclusions. AH.F5 prevents acute intestinal allograft rejection in combination with donor-specific splenocyte preconditioning. We achieved long-term survival and the animals appeared tolerant. Central conditioning is essential for success with this antibody when used alone. Further studies with different dosing regimens or second agents seem warranted.
Non-Greedy L21-Norm Maximization for Principal Component Analysis

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most important unsupervised methods to handle high-dimensional data. However, due to the high computational complexity of its eigen-decomposition solution, it is hard to apply PCA to the large-scale data with high dimensionality, e.g., millions of data points with millions of variables. Meanwhile, the squared L2-norm based objective makes it sensitive to data outliers. In recent research, the L1-norm maximization based PCA method was proposed for efficient computation and being robust to outliers. However, this work used a greedy strategy to solve the eigenvectors. Moreover, the L1-norm maximization based objective may not be the correct robust PCA formulation, because it loses the theoretical connection to the minimization of data reconstruction error, which is one of the most important intuitions and goals of PCA. In this paper, we propose to maximize the L21-norm based robust PCA objective, which is theoretically connected to the minimization of reconstruction error. More importantly, we propose the efficient non-greedy optimization algorithms to solve our objective and the more general L21-norm maximization problem with theoretically guaranteed convergence. Experimental results on real world data sets show the effectiveness of the proposed method for principal component analysis.