Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter Four Clusters of Interdependent Routines: a Horizontal Perspective and Its Post-acquisition Transfer Implications

In high-velocity environments such as high-technology industries, firms often engage in acquisitions to gain access to new capabilities as sources of competitive advantage. Prior research has shown, however, that attempts at post-acquisition capability transfer tend to present formidable challenges. Based on an in-depth, longitudinal case study design, this research reveals that the success of post-acquisition capability transfer crucially depends on recognizing the importance of the clusters of interdependent routines—that is, deliberate learning mechanisms aimed at experience accumulation, articulation, and codification—that constitute the microfoundations of the capability in question. More specifically, these findings demonstrate that by having a horizontal perspective toward such deliberate learning mechanisms—and thus acknowledging their interdependencies—the importance of synthesizing a practice-based approach for sharing tacit knowledge and a routine-based approach for codifying knowledge becomes evident, when aiming for capability development. As a result, these findings illustrate that both practice-based and routine-based theories are necessary to explain post-acquisition capability transfer implications and, thus, enhance capability transfer.
Leveraging Technology to Develop Creative Leadership Capacity

Leaders must think creatively and facilitate the creative work of others, but traditional approaches to developing leaders have not fully addressed this need. A key problem with regard to developing creative and innovative leadership capacity is the lack of clearly articulated objectives for developmental programs. Moreover, novel developmental tools and techniques may be necessary to develop these capacities. We provide a synthesis of what the existing literature indicates must be developed to facilitate creative and innovative leadership. We present the requisite knowledge and skills—complete with developmental objectives, learning prompts, and reflection questions—in a practical, summarized format. Next, we explore how creative/innovative leadership capacity in organizations might be enhanced by leveraging technology via simulations, e-mentoring, multisource feedback, social media, and succession planning programs. The design and implementation of a creative/innovative leadership program requires a shared investment by key stakeholders—senior executives, employees, managers/leaders, mentors, information technology experts, and human resource development professionals. We review the key concerns for these stakeholders and outline specific considerations for human resource development professionals.
The use of beta-tricalcium phosphate, white MTA, white Portland cement and calcium hydroxide for direct pulp capping of primary pig teeth.

AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the response of the pulp of primary pig teeth after capping with beta-tricalcium phosphate (ss-TCP), white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA), white Portland cement (WPC) and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)(2)]. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty teeth of two 3-month old pigs were capped with these materials. Three weeks later, the animals were killed and the specimens were prepared for histological examination and evaluation of inflammatory cell response, tissue disorganization, hard tissue formation and bacteria presence was performed. The data collected from the histological examinations were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn multiple comparison tests. RESULTS There was no significant difference between ss-TCP, WMTA, WPC and CH in terms of primary pulp response, hard tissue formation and normal pulp tissue preservation. CONCLUSION Beta-tricalcium phosphate, WMTA and WPC in primary pig teeth are as effective as Ca(OH)(2) in primary pig teeth capping.
Negative cultural capital and homeless young people

This article examines the ways in which homeless young people find a sense of self-worth and dignity within the conditions of youth homelessness. It notes that, while homeless young people seek a space where they do not feel marginalised and can attain a form of social status and cultural competence, they also engage in practices and acts of defiant independence that appear counter-productive and self-destructive. The author, utilising ethnographic research with homeless young people, including interviews, focus groups and participant observation over a 12-month period, finds that conventional concepts of cultural capital cannot explain this contradictory behaviour. He posits instead the concept of negative cultural capital as a way of explaining why homeless young people struggle for recognition in ways that collude in reinforcing their marginalisation.
Examining Academic and Athletic Motivation Among Student Athletes at a Division I University

Academic motivation as a predictor of academic performance for college athletes has been debated in the literature. This study examined the utility of academic and athletic motivation as a key variable in predicting academic performance among 211 college athletes at a Division I institution in the Midwest. After controlling for background characteristics, results revealed that ACT score, ethnicity, and academic motivation were significant in the regression model.
An Incomplete-Data Quasi-Likelihood Approach to Haplotype-Based Genetic Association Studies on Related Individuals

We propose an incomplete-data, quasi-likelihood framework for estimation and score tests that accommodates both dependent and partially observed data. The motivation comes from genetic association studies, where we address the problems of estimating haplotype frequencies and testing association between a disease and haplotypes of multiple, tightly linked genetic markers, using case-control samples containing related individuals. We consider a more general setting in which the complete data are dependent with marginal distributions following a generalized linear model. We form a vector, Z, whose elements are conditional expectations of the elements of the complete-data vector, given selected functions of the incomplete data. Assuming that the covariance matrix of Z is available, we create an optimal linear estimating function based on Z, which we solve by an iterative method. This approach addresses key difficulties in haplotype frequency estimation and testing problems in related individuals: (a) dependence that is known but can be complicated; (b) data that are incomplete for structural reasons, as well as possibly missing, with different amounts of information for different observations; (c) the need for computational speed to analyze large numbers of markers; and (d) a well-established null model but an alternative model that is unknown and is difficult to specify fully in related individuals. For haplotype analysis, we give sufficient conditions for consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator and asymptotic χ2 null distribution of the score test. We apply the method to test for association of haplotypes with alcoholism in the GAW 14 COGA data set.
Saúde mental e vulnerabilidade social: a direção do tratamento

O objetivo do texto e refletir sobre as relacoes entre saude mental e vulnerabilidade social a partir do encontro da Psiquiatria Biologica com a Reforma Psiquiatrica. Problematizamos o conceito de saude mental, o conceito de vulnerabilidade social, os manuais diagnosticos, as pesquisas epidemiologicas, tendo como pano de fundo as Politicas Publicas de Saude. Identificamos a necessidade de superacao da logica tecnico-cientifico tradicional incorporando a singularidade e saberes ligados aos sujeitos que sao afetados pelo sofrimento.
Vygotsky, Tutoring and Learning.

Abstract This paper starts with a selective examination of research into individualised tutoring. We articulate theoretical and empirical evidence to support the conclusion that a set of common principles governs such tutoring. These principles apply to the provision of tutorial support for preschool aged children through to adult learners in a number of domains. In support of these claims, we bring together and relate research and theory from both face to‐face teaching and computer‐based tutoring situations. However, we also try to articulate some of the limits of our current knowledge. We suggest that the principles identified apply mainly to procedural learning in well‐structured domains. We examine the idea that other learning goals, such as the development of skills in self‐regulation, need to be derived from a different model of the learning process.
Orthographic Processing and Visual Sequential Memory in Unexpectedly Poor Spellers.

Does unexpectedly poor spelling in adults result from inferior visual sequential memory? In one experiment, unexpectedly poor spellers performed significantly worse than better spellers in the immediate reproduction of sequences of visual symbols, but in a second experiment, the effect was not replicated. Poor spellers were also no worse at the immediate recognition of symbol sequences. Overall, the results indicate that inferior visual memory is not characteristic of unexpectedly poor spellers. However, they do have less efficient orthographic processing skill: they were significantly slower and more error prone than better spellers at classifying both regularly and strangely spelt words, as well as at detecting letter transpositions in long words. They can thus be considered as subtly worse word readers than better spellers. While the findings question the notion of unexpectedly poor spelling in relation to normal adults, they provide confirmation of the intimate relationship between reading and spelling processes.
Biogenesis and Transmembrane Orientation of the Cellular Isoform of the Scrapie Prion Protein

Considerable evidence suggests that the scrapie prion protein (PrP) is a component of the infectious particle. We studied the biogenesis and transmembrane orientation of an integral-membrane form of PrP in a cell-free transcription-linked translation-coupled translocation system programmed with a full-length PrP cDNA cloned behind the SP6 promoter. Translation of SP6 transcripts of the cDNA or of native mRNA from either normal or infected hamster brain in the absence of dog pancreas membranes resulted in the synthesis of a single PrP immunoreactive polypeptide (each polypeptide was the same size; Mr, 28,000), as predicted from the known sequence of the coding region. In the cotranslational presence of membranes, two additional forms were observed. Using peptide antisera specific to sequences from the amino- or the carboxy-terminal domain of PrP together with proteinase K or endoglycosidase H digestion or both, we showed that one of these forms included an integrated and glycosylated form of PrP (Mr = 33,000) which spans the bilayer twice, with domains of both the amino and carboxy termini in the extracytoplasmic space. By these criteria, the other form appeared to be an unglycosylated intermediate of similar transmembrane orientation. The PrP cell-free translation products did not display resistance to proteinase K digestion in the presence of nondenaturing detergents. These results suggest that the PrP cell-free translation products most closely resemble the normal cellular isoform of the protein, since its homolog from infected brain was proteinase K resistant. The implications of these findings for PrP structure and function are discussed.
MobiL-AUV: AUV-Aided Localization Scheme for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we present the mobile autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-aided efficient localization scheme for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Localization is one of the major issues in UWSNs as it is important in some large scale applications to know the accurate position of sensor nodes. It is more difficult to localize a node in underwater environment compared to terrestrial. The global positioning system (GPS) signals can not travel underwater, so in UWSNs the use of GPS service for localization is not feasible. The sensor nodes deployed in underwater network are greatly affected by water currents. Due to water currents the sensor nodes move freely. In order to find the accurate position of sensor nodes, we introduce an effective localization solution. An AUV-aided localization technique which helps to localize ordinary nodes with less localization error is introduced in this paper. Three mobile AUVs are introduced in proposed scheme, that act as a reference nodes. These mobile AUVs are deployed in underwater network at predefined depth. The mobile AUVs accelerate towards the surface to find their three dimensional coordinates with the help of GPS satellite and dive back to underwater network. These mobile nodes act as reference nodes and are responsible for the localization of ordinary unlocalized nodes. By exploiting spatial correlation, the ordinary nodes predict their mobility pattern. Mobile AUVs provide enough coverage to the underwater network, which results in efficient localization.
The biological significance of HLA‐DP gene variation in haematopoietic cell transplantation

Although it has been over 25 years since HLA‐DP was mapped to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), its biological functions remain ill‐defined. We sought to test the hypothesis that HLA‐DP functions in a manner similar to that of other class II genes by measuring the risk of clinically severe grades III–IV acute graft‐vs.‐host disease (GVHD) associated with recipient HLA‐DP disparity after haematopoietic cell transplantation. HLA‐DPB1 exon 2 was sequenced in 205 patients who underwent transplantation from HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1 and ‐DQB1 allele‐matched unrelated donors. HLA‐DPB1 mismatched recipients experienced a significantly increased risk of acute GVHD compared with HLA‐DP‐identical transplants. Patients who were mismatched for a single HLA‐DPB1 allele had an odds ratio (OR) of 1·0 (0·5, 2·2; P = 0·99) and patients who were mismatched for two alleles had an OR of 2·2 (1·0, 4·9; P = 0·06) for developing acute GVHD. Compared with matched and single‐allele mismatched transplants, patients who were mismatched for two DPB1 alleles had an OR of 2·2 (1·2, 4·1; P = 0·01). HLA‐DP plays an important role in the alloimmune response. A threshold effect of multiple HLA‐DP disparities is evident in determining the risk of acute GVHD after haematopoietic cell transplantation from unrelated donors.
DeepCoder: Semi-parametric Variational Autoencoders for Facial Action Unit Intensity Estimation

Variational (deep) parametric auto-encoders (VAE) have shown a great potential for unsupervised extraction of latent representations from large amounts of data. Human face exhibits an inherent hierarchy in facial representations (encoded in facial action units (AUs) and their intensity). This makes VAE a sophisticated method for learning facial features for AU intensity estimation. Yet, most existing methods apply classifiers learned separately from the encoded features. On the other hand, non-parametric (probabilistic) approaches, such as Gaussian Processes (GPs), typically outperform their parametric counterparts, but cannot deal easily with large amounts of data. In this paper, we propose a novel VAE semi-parametric modeling framework, named DeepCoder, which combines the modeling power of parametric (convolutional) and nonparametric (ordinal GPs) VAEs, for joint learning of (1) latent representations at multiple levels in a task hierarchy, and (2) classification of multiple ordinal outputs (AUs intensities). We show on benchmark datasets for AU intensity estimation that the proposed DeepCoder significantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches, and related parametric VAEs, deep learning and parametric models.
Cluster Development and Promotion of Business Development Services ( BDS ) : UNIDO ’ s Experience in India

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions, figures and estimates set forth are the responsibility of the authors and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or carrying the endorsement of UNIDO. The designations Adeveloped@ and Adeveloping@ economies are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by UNIDO. The PSD Technical Working Papers Series is a series of occasional papers arising from the work of the Private Sector Development Branch of the Investment Promotion and Institutional Capacity Building Division (IPC/PSD) of UNIDO. It is intended as an informal means of communicating important insights and findings from the technical cooperation and research activities of the Branch to a wider public of interested development practitioners, policy-makers and academics. The Branch would welcome comments and suggestions on the issues raised in these papers, which may be addressed to:
Assessing the organizational climate and contractual relationship for perceptions of support for innovation

The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between organizational climate and perceptions of support for innovation, considering that the relationship may be moderated by the type of labor contract the employees have. This moderating effect may have its origins in the perception of reality and the type of knowledge applied on the job. The results drawn from empirical research among 312 observations of the employees in 80 offices of a Spanish financial company enable us to verify, on the one hand, that an organizational climate characterized by support, cohesion and intrinsic recognition favors perceptions of support for innovation; and, on the other hand, that there are differences in the dimensions of climate that favor perceptions of support for innovation depending on the employees' contractual relationship with the organization.
Keeping science on top in drug evaluation.

The approval, prescribing, and safety surveillance of prescription drugs involve a complicated mix of science, regulatory law, clinical judgment, business, and politics. Dr. Jerry Avorn writes that though the quiet voice of science may often be no match for powerful vested interests or ideology, some encouraging signs may be in the air.
Experiences with Autonomy: Learners’ Voices on Language Learning

This article focuses on the experiences of Grade 12 students using a language portfolio based on the principles and guidelines of the European Language Portfolio (ELP) in their second language classes in a large urban high school. As part of a larger action-research project, focus group interviews were conducted to gather data related to experiences and perceptions regarding second language learning. In particular, the research questions focused on the learners’ experiences with the language portfolio and its potential role in contributing to learner autonomy. Three overarching themes emerged from the data collected from learners who participated in this study. These themes related to general perceptions of learning, to language learning experiences, and to experiences with the language portfolio. The article concludes with a discussion of the pedagogical linkages to learner autonomy and suggests implications for educators who wish to promote learner autonomy. Cet article traite des expériences des élèves de la douzième année qui se servaient d’un portfolio langagier basé sur le Portfolio européen des langues (PEL) dans les cours de langues dans une grande école secondaire urbaine. Faisant partie d’un projet de recherche-action plus large, les chercheurs ont effectué des entrevues lors de groupes de discussion avec les élèves afin de recueillir des données traitant des expériences et des perceptions vis-à-vis l’apprentissage des langues secondes. En particulier, les questions de recherche examinaient les expériences des élèves par rapport au portfolio et au potentiel de ce dernier à contribuer au développement d’apprenants autonomes. Trois thèmes ont été dégagés lors de l’analyse des donnés. Ces thèmes étaient reliés aux perceptions générales de l’acte d’apprentissage des élèves, aux expériences d’apprentissage des langues, et aux expériences avec le portfolio langagier. Cet écrit se conclut par une discussion des liens pédagogiques avec le développement de l’autonomie des apprenants et propose des implications pour les éducateurs désirant promouvoir cette autonomie.
Answering distance queries in directed graphs using fast matrix multiplication

Let G = (V, E, w) be a weighted directed graph, where w : E /spl rarr/ {-M, . , 0, . , M}. We show that G can be preprocessed in O/spl tilde/(Mn/sup /spl omega//) time, where /spl omega/ < 2.376 is the exponent of fast matrix multiplication, such that subsequently, each distance /spl delta/(u, v) in the graph, where u, v /spl epsi/ V, can be computed exactly in O(n) time. We also present a tradeoff between the processing time and the query answering time. As a very special case, we obtain an O/spl tilde/(Mn/sup /spl omega//) time algorithm for the single source shortest paths (SSSP) problem for directed graphs with integer weights of absolute value at most M. For sufficiently dense graphs, with small enough edge weights, this improves upon the O(m/spl radic/n log M) time algorithm of Goldberg. We note that even the case M = 1, in which all the edge weights are in {-1, 0, +1}, is an interesting case for which no improvement over Goldberg's O(m/spl radic/n) algorithm was known. Our new O/spl tilde/(Mn/sup /spl omega//) algorithm is faster whenever m > n/sup /spl omega/- 1/2 / /spl sime/ n/sup 1.876/.