Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a workshop to address drugs and alcohol in the workplace

PurposeRisky alcohol and other drug (AOD) use is ubiquitous in some workplace cultures, and is associated with considerable risks to health, safety and productivity. A workplace drug and alcohol first aid program was developed to support supervisors and managers to recognize and respond appropriately to AOD problems, increase knowledge of AOD and reduce the stigma associated with AOD. The purpose of this paper is to undertake an evaluation to assess the program’s efficacy.Design/methodology/approachA self-report survey was administered to program participants before (T1), immediately after (T2) and three months following program completion (T3). Changes in alcohol/drug-related knowledge, role adequacy, motivation and personal views were examined using repeated measures ANOVA.FindingsA total of 109 participants took part in the program, with only 26 completing scores at all three time points. Mean scores increased significantly (p<0.05) between T1 and T2 for knowledge (12.7–16.0), role adequacy (11.8–17.4), motivation (9.7–10.4) and personal views (9.0–9.6). Significant improvements were maintained at T3 for knowledge (15.1) and role adequacy (17.3). Practical implicationsDrug and alcohol first aid programs offer a potentially valuable initiative to improve the knowledge, skills and understanding of managers and supervisors in tackling workplace AOD risks, associated stigma and improving help seeking.Originality/valueWorkplace programs for managers can facilitate organization-wide responses to the reduction of AOD-related problems, increase implementation of appropriate policy and interventions, minimize associated harms and stigma and reduce negative imposts on productivity and profit.
Prior Expectations Evoke Stimulus Templates in the Primary Visual Cortex

Sensory processing is strongly influenced by prior expectations. Valid expectations have been shown to lead to improvements in perception as well as in the quality of sensory representations in primary visual cortex. However, very little is known about the neural correlates of the expectations themselves. Previous studies have demonstrated increased activity in sensory cortex following the omission of an expected stimulus, yet it is unclear whether this increased activity constitutes a general surprise signal or rather has representational content. One intriguing possibility is that top–down expectation leads to the formation of a template of the expected stimulus in visual cortex, which can then be compared with subsequent bottom–up input. To test this hypothesis, we used fMRI to noninvasively measure neural activity patterns in early visual cortex of human participants during expected but omitted visual stimuli. Our results show that prior expectation of a specific visual stimulus evokes a feature-specific pattern of activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) similar to that evoked by the corresponding actual stimulus. These results are in line with the notion that prior expectation triggers the formation of specific stimulus templates to efficiently process expected sensory inputs.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Lead Poisoning in Young Children in Bangladesh

Lead poisoning is a major public-health problem in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the extent of and risk factors for elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in children in Bangladesh during September 2007–July 2009. The study included 919 children aged less than 16 years. The children were recruited from six urban locations in Dhaka and one rural area in Chirirbandar, Dinajpur. In total, 495 (54%) children had high BLLs (>10 µg/dL), with higher BLLs observed among children aged 5-9 years compared to children of other ages (p<0.001). The BLLs among children in urban Dhaka were significantly higher than those in rural areas (13.45±8.21 µg/dL vs 7.29±6.25 µg/dL, p<0.001). The high BLLs correlated with low body mass index (r=-0.23, p<0.001) and low haemoglobin status (r=-0.10, p=0.02). On bivariate analysis, proximity to industry (p<0.001), drinking-water from municipal supply or tubewell (p<0.001), brass or lead water-taps (p<0.001), use of melamine plate (p=0.001), and indigenous medicinal (kabiraji) treatments (p=0.004) significantly correlated with higher BLLs. Proximity to industry and the use of indigenous medicines remained significant predictors of high BLLs after controlling for the confounders. Several risk factors appropriate for future educational interventions to prevent exposure to lead poisoning were identified.
Use of effective play-space by U12 FC Barcelona players: an observational study combining lag sequential analysis and T-pattern detection

ABSTRACT This observational methodology study had a substantive and a methodological aim. The substantive aim was to analyse the use of overall and effective play-space (EP-S) in the construction of offensive sequences ending in a shot by under-12 (U12) FC Barcelona (FCB) players. Analysis of EP-S helps to contextualise play in terms of a player’s relationship with the ball and other players on the pitch. The data analysed corresponded to all the matches played by FCB during an international U12 tournament. The reliability and generalisability of the data were confirmed. The methodological aim was to illustrate the complementary use of two of the most common diachronic techniques in observational methodology: lag sequential analysis and T-pattern detection. The software for both techniques (GSEQ and Theme, respectively) is free. The patterns detected for the use of space in general and EP-S using both techniques show that FCB’s U12 team exhibits certain features of play that the senior team is well known for, namely, elaborate play; frequent use of the wings to widen the area of play and press forward to ultimately break through the last line of defense; and recovery of the ball in forward positions within the EP-S of both teams, enabling rapid completion of sequences ending in a shot. We also detected behaviours that reflect a playing style adapted to the smaller size of the pitch used in 7-a-side soccer (e.g. the use of distant shots from within the rival team’s EP-S).
Traveling from South to North: the relationships between historical nostalgia, novelty seeking, and attitudes to visit North Korea

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to investigate the roles of historical nostalgia and novelty seeking influencing attitude to visit North Korea in the range of South Korean tourists. Based on previous studies, 8 hypotheses were derived and two theoretical research models were proposed. The originally proposed model and its rival were tested using the data collected from 200 South Koreans. The results showed that 1) historical nostalgia positively affects novelty seeking, 2) novelty seeking has a full mediating effect between historical nostalgia and cognitive / affective attitudes. 3) affective attitude positively affects cognitive attitude, and 4) cognitive and affective attitudes significantly affect behavioral attitude. This research is expected to newly introduce the concept of historical nostalgia and its impact on tourists’ behaviors in tourism study and contribute to the tourism development and marketing of North Korea in the future.
Wild Mallards Have More “Goose-Like” Bills Than Their Ancestors: A Case of Anthropogenic Influence?

Wild populations of the world’s most common dabbling duck, the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), run the risk of genetic introgression by farmed conspecifics released for hunting purposes. We tested whether bill morphology of free-living birds has changed since large-scale releases of farmed mallards started. Three groups of mallards from Sweden, Norway and Finland were compared: historical wild (before large-scale releases started), present-day wild, and present-day farmed. Higher density of bill lamellae was observed in historical wild mallards (only males). Farmed mallards had wider bills than present-day and historical wild ones. Present-day wild and farmed mallards also had higher and shorter bills than historical wild mallards. Present-day mallards thus tend to have more “goose-like” bills (wider, higher, and shorter) than their ancestors. Our study suggests that surviving released mallards affect morphological traits in wild population by introgression. We discuss how such anthropogenic impact may lead to a maladapted and genetically compromised wild mallard population. Our study system has bearing on other taxa where large-scale releases of conspecifics with ‘alien genes’ may cause a cryptic invasive process that nevertheless has fitness consequences for individual birds.
Ultrasonographic characteristics of thyroid nodules: prediction of malignancy.

BACKGROUND High-resolution real-time ultrasonography (US) can detect characteristics of thyroid nodules, but the US differentiation between malignant nodules and benign nodules is not well described. HYPOTHESIS Ultrasonography is useful for predicting malignancy of thyroid nodules. DESIGN A retrospective study of 329 thyroid nodules (> or =5 mm) in 309 patients comparing US characteristics and pathological results. SETTING A center for the treatment of thyroid diseases where about 1400 thyroid operations are performed per year. PATIENTS Between January 1 and June 30, 1999, 309 patients were examined by US before thyroidectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The US characteristics to predict malignancy for both follicular and nonfollicular neoplasms by means of multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The sensitivity of preoperative US diagnosis was 86.5% for nonfollicular neoplasms and 18.2% for follicular neoplasms. The specificity was 92.3% and 88.7%, respectively. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, margin, shape, echo structure, echogenicity, and calcification were reliable indication of malignancy in nonfollicular neoplasms. According to a receiver operating characteristic curve constructed from this multiple logistic regression analysis, the best point not to overlook malignancy is the point at which sensitivity is 94% and specificity is 87%. The probability of malignancy at this point is greater than 0.2. For follicular neoplasms, ultrasonographic diagnosis was unreliable, even when multiple logistic regression analysis was applied. CONCLUSION We can predict malignancy of nonfollicular neoplasms of the thyroid by using multiple logistic regression analysis based on only 5 features: margin, shape, echo structure, echogenicity, and calcification.
Using Scrum in Distributed Agile Development: A Multiple Case Study

Distributed agile development (DAD) has received increasing interest both in industry and academia as global software development (GSD) is becoming main-stream. However, agile methods and in particular agile practices have been designed for collocated software development, and are thus not directly applicable to DAD. In this paper, we present findings from a multiple case study on agile practices in two small and one mid-sized distributed Scrum project. Based on an interview study of 19 project team members, we describe how Scrum practices, such as daily scrums, backlogs, and sprints were successfully adopted to distributed development. We also describe supporting GSD practices employed, such as frequent visits and multiple communication modes that the projects used. Finally, we depict the challenges and benefits the case projects reported, as well as lessons learned from applying Scrum in distributed settings.
Evidence for Tidal Interaction and a Supergiant H I Shell in the Local Group Dwarf Galaxy NGC 6822

We present a wide-field, high spatial and velocity resolution map of the entire extended H I distribution of the Local Group dwarf galaxy NGC 6822. The observations were obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array in mosaicking mode. The interstellar medium of NGC 6822 is shaped by the presence of numerous H I holes and shells, including a supergiant shell, and the effects of tidal interaction in the form of a tidal arm and an infalling or interacting H I complex. The H I shell is situated outside the optical galaxy and occupies roughly a quarter of the area of the main H I disk. It measures 2.0 × 1.4 kpc, making it one of the largest supergiant H I shells ever found. The giant hole shows no signs of expansion, and no obvious creation mechanism is evident from our data. If star formation was the cause, an energy equivalent of ~100 supernovae (1053 ergs) is needed to create the hole. We derive an upper limit for the age of order 100 Myr. The presence of a possible tidal arm indicates that NGC 6822 may recently have undergone some interaction. An H I complex located in the northwest of the galaxy may be the interaction partner. We argue that it is likely that these features were created about 100 Myr ago in an event that also enhanced the star formation rate.
A study on the sources of sexual knowledge acquisition among high school students in northwest Iran.

BACKGROUND Considering the importance of sexual drive among teenagers, parental and societal concerns about teenagers' sexual drives, particularly in religious communities such as Iran is of practical importance; therefore, this present research was designed to study students' sources of sexual knowledge acquisition. METHODS This research was carried out among 2600 high school students in the cities of Tabriz, Urmia, and Ardabil in Northwest Iran. Students were selected through a multi-staged randomized sampling method in Tabriz and by the convenience method in Ardabil and Urmia. The instrument was a self-administered questionnaire, which included 19 different resources. The resources were categorized into seven main groups and the results were statistically analyzed with SPSS version 11.5 software. RESULTS Based on the mean score of each of the seven main groups of resources, the ranking order of the resources was as follows: 1) immediate friends and peers 2) pictures, magazines, and books 3) audiovisual (CDs, foreign movies, satellite programs, and the Internet) 4) school trainings 5) physicians, clergy, and counseling centers 6) family (parents and siblings) and 7) close family members. The differences between the resources were statistically significant (P value= 0.0001). CONCLUSION Results of the present study emphasize that teenagers should be educated in different areas of sexual problems with the help of parents, schools, and official sources and centers in the society as confident sources of obtaining sexual knowledge. There is a need to prepare a codified educational curriculum in different levels in order to offer teenagers' sexual education in the form of books or specific school credits.
Sex–linked inheritance of hearing and song in the Belgian Waterslager canary

Belgian Waterslager canaries have less sensitive hearing at high frequencies and produce songs with more energy at low frequencies than wild–type canaries. A backcross pedigree between Belgian Waterslager canaries and a domestic strain with wild–type song revealed inheritance patterns consistent with a factor of major effect located on the Z sex chromosome affecting both poor high–frequency hearing at 4 kHz and the relative energy in the spectra of the learned songs of males. Hearing thresholds at 4 kHz were significant predictors of the relative amount of song energy at 4 kHz for individual males. One hypothesis for the mechanistic basis of this correlation between hearing and song abnormalities is that a reduction in the ability to hear higher–frequency songs biases males towards learning lower–frequency songs.
Spotlight on Age‐Diversity Climate: The Impact of Age‐Inclusive HR Practices on Firm‐Level Outcomes

This study investigates the emergence and the performance effects of an age-diversity climate at the organizational level of analysis. Building upon Kopelman and colleagues� (Kopelman, Brief, & Guzzo, 1990) climate model of firm productivity as well as Cox's (1994) interactional model of cultural diversity, we hypothesize a positive influence of age-inclusive HR practices on the development of an organization-wide age-diversity climate, which in turn should be directly related to collective perceptions of social exchange and indirectly to firm performance and employees� collective turnover intentions. The assumed relationships are tested in a sample of 93 German small and medium-sized companies with 14,260 employees participating. To circumvent common source problems, information for the various constructs was gathered from 6 different sources. To test our assumed relationships, we applied structural equation modeling and executed bootstrapping procedures to test the significance of the indirect effects. We received support for all assumed relationships. The paper concludes with practical recommendations on how to establish and make use of a positive age-diversity climate.
The chemical evolution of a Milky Way-like galaxy: the importance of a cosmologically motivated infall law

Aims. We aim to find a cosmologically motivated infall law to understand if the ΛCDM cosmology can reproduce the main chemical characteristics of a Milky Way-like spiral galaxy. Methods. We test several different gas infall laws, starting from that suggested in the two-infall model for the chemical evolution of the Milky Way, but focusing on laws derived from cosmological simulations which follows a concordance ΛCDM cosmology. By means of a detailed chemical evolution model for the solar vicinity, we study the effects of the different gas infall laws on the abundance patterns and the G-dwarf metallicity distribution. Results. The cosmological gas infall law, derived from dark matter halos having properties compatible with the formation of a disk galaxy like the Milky Way, and assuming that the baryons assemble like dark matter, resembles the infall law suggested by the twoinfall model. In particular, it predicts two main gas accretion episodes. Minor infall episodes are predicted to have followed the second main one but they are of little significance compared to the previous two. By means of this cosmologically motivated infall law, we study the star formation rate, the SNIa and SNII rate, the total amount of gas and stars in the solar neighbourhood and the behaviour of several chemical abundances. We find that the results of the two-infall model are fully compatible with the evolution of the Milky Way with cosmological accretion laws. We derive that the timescale for the formation of the stellar halo and the thick disk must have not been longer than 2 Gyr, whereas the disk in the solar vicinity assembled on a much longer timescale (∼6 Gyr). Conclusions. A gas assembly history derived from a DM halo, compatible with the formation of a late-type galaxy from the morphological point of view, can produce chemical properties in agreement with the available observations.
Thermal right-handed sneutrino dark matter in the FD-term model of hybrid inflation

We compute the relic abundance of the right-handed sneutrinos in the supersymmetric F-D-term model of hybrid inflation. As well as providing a natural solution to the mu- and gravitino overabundance problems, the F-D-term model offers a new viable candidate to account for the cold dark matter in the Universe: the lightest right-handed sneutrino. In particular, the F-D-term model predicts a new quartic coupling of purely right-handed sneutrinos to the Higgs doublets that thermalizes the sneutrinos and makes them annihilate sufficiently fast to a level compatible with the current cosmic microwave background data. We analyze this scenario in detail and identify favourable regions of the parameter space within the framework of minimal supergravity, for which the lightest right-handed sneutrino becomes the thermal dark matter, in agreement with WMAP observations of cosmological inflation. Constraints derived from direct dark matter searches experiments are presented.
Recovering RSA private keys on implementations with tampered LSBs

The theoretical security that modern encryption algorithms are providing, leads researchers to new attack scenarios which are more implementation centric. By discovering hardware or software flaws that can recover some information about the decryption key, cryptanalysts try to exploit this knowledge. Therefore, many side channel attacks have appeared, illustrating that the concept of having secure code or even embedding all cryptographic functions in hardware modules, in many cases in not adequate. The aim of this work is to illustrate how partial information can be used to exploit the extracted information, leading to full reconstruction of the private key of RSA, for some implementations of the algorithm where the LSB has been selected to fit several constraints. More precisely, we study the case where the LSB half of the primes is identical or when there is a linear equation that mixes the LSB halves of the two primes.
Linux kernel support to exploit phase change memory

Recently, phase change memory (PRAM) has been developed as a next generation memory technology. Because PRAM can be accessed as word-level using memory interface of DRAM and offer more density compared to DRAM, PRAM is expected as an alternative main memory device. Moreover, it can be used as additional storage of system because of its non-volatility. However, PRAM has several problems. First, the access latency of PRAM is still not comparable to DRAM. It is several times slower than that of DRAM. Second, PRAM can endure hundreds of millions of writes per cell. Therefore, if PRAM does not be managed properly, it has negative impact on the system performance and consistency. In order to solve these problems, we consider the Linux kernel level support to exploit PRAM in memory and storage system. We use PRAM with a small size DRAM and both PRAM and DRAM are mapped into single physical memory address space in Linux. Then, the physical memory pages, which are used by process, are selectively allocated based on the access characteristics. Frequently updated hot segment pages are stored in DRAM. PRAM is used for read only and infrequently updated pages. Consequently, we minimize the performance degradation caused by PRAM while reducing 50% energy consumption of main memory. In addition, the non-volatile characteristic of PRAM is used to support file system. We propose the virtual storage that is a block device interface to share the non-volatile memory pages of PRAM as a storage alternative. By using 256MB PRAM for virtual storage, we can decrease more than 40% of access time of disk.