Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FSW characterization of 6082 aluminium alloys sheets

Purpose: The purpose of the investigations was to elaborate a set of FSW parameters for connecting 6082 aluminium alloy sheets allowing to produce welds of highest strength. Design/methodology/approach: The FSW was tried at different speeds and at additional cooling. The welds microstructure was studied using optical and scanning electron microscopes. The mechanical properties of produced connections are discussed regarding their tensile test and microhardness measurements. Findings: The FSW welds, aside some zigzag lines connected probably with the incorporation of the surface oxides, were found to be devoid of any macro defects. The weld microstructure showed strong grain refining with the smallest of ~14 µm located in their centre. The highest ultimate tensile strength of such connections of ~230 MPa was obtained for experiments performed at a linear velocity of 710 rpm, rate of rotation 560 mm/min and applied intensive cooling of the joined plates. The welds showed lowest hardness in the centre rising by ~20% at its sides. The friction stir welding connections retain plastic properties of 6082 aluminium alloy presenting ductile fracture. Research limitations/implications: In the further studies bending tests and transmission electron microscopy investigations are planned. Additionally, the stability of microstructure of the welds at higher temperature will be analysed. Practical implications: The elaborated parameters for FSW of 6082 welding can be applied as starting data for industry FSW tests for such alloy. Originality/value: The results of present experiments are adding new information on FSW of the aluminium alloys, especially 6082 type. The applied welding parameters provide good quality of welds.
High levels of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine appear in normal human epidermis after a single dose of ultraviolet radiation

Major photoproducts induced by carcinogenic ultraviolet (UV) radiation are the cylobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine–pyrimidone (6–4) photoproducts (6–4PPs). 8‐Hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) is also a DNA base‐modified product generated by reactive oxygen species in conditions of ultraviolet stress. Although UVB‐induced CPDs and 6–4PPs have been investigated in animal and human skin, little is known about the role of 8‐OHdG in UVB‐induced human skin damage or carcinogenesis. Normal human skin from three volunteers was exposed to UV radiation, and the time course of induction and removal of 8‐OHdG was examined by immunohistochemical analysis with catalysed signal amplification on formalin‐fixed paraffin sections. Formation of CPDs and 6–4PPs was also examined by immunostaining on the same skin specimens. Control epidermis with no exposure to UV radiation showed little nuclear staining of 8‐OHdG, but an increased level of 8‐OHdG was clearly observed in epidermis biopsied after irradiation. Induced 8‐OHdG can rapidly be removed from nucleus during the first 24–48 h, as the staining intensity diminished gradually, almost reaching the control level by 72–96 h after irradiation. Staining for CPDs or 6–4PPs revealed induction of these photoproducts in human skin, although 6–4PP‐positive cells disappeared more rapidly than those that stained for CPDs or 8‐OHdG. Together with protective effect of antioxidants, our results indicate that not only CPDs and 6–4PPs but also 8‐OHdG may play a significant part in UV carcinogenesis.
Social psychological research and the Internet : the promise and peril of a new methodological frontier

The Internet has expanded people's ability to connect with others. People can connect to those with whom they have existing social ties, as well as make new connections with others who may share similar interests and ideologies. These connections can be achieved through a variety of means and with varying levels of social involvement, such as viewing or creating personal web pages, posting to online discussion forums, and communicating via e-mail or instant messaging. These unprecedented advances in communication and the proliferation of Internet-based technologies have led many social psychologists to take advantage of the power of the Internet in their research. In a similar vein, access to large numbers of potential research participants as well as increased access to special populations have lured many to explore the potential of collecting data to test social psychological hypotheses using web-based samples. The Internet allows for generalization beyond the college student subject pool, with the benefits of experimental manipulation, audio and visual presentation of stimuli, live and spontaneous interaction between participants, and higher degrees of complexity than is possible with other methods of data collection typically used outside of the traditional social psychological laboratory. There are many reasons to be excited about the methodological possibilities of using the Internet as a medium for social psychological research. The range of possibilities for conducting research is expanding at approximately the same rate as information technology is expanding. Just as there are increasingly more ways to obtain information and data in general, there is also a growing number of ways to obtain social psychological data. The goal of this chapter is to provide a review of how social psychologists are currently using the web and to present some specific examples of translational,
Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase EGL-4 controls body size and lifespan in C. elegans

We designed an automatic system to measure body length, diameters and volume of a C. elegans worm. By using this system, mutants with an increased body volume exceeding 50% were isolated. Four of them are grossly normal in morphology and development, grow longer to be almost twice as big, and have weak egg-laying defects and extended lifespan. All the four mutants have a mutation in the egl-4 gene. We show that the egl-4 gene encodes cGMP-dependent protein kinases. egl-4 promoter::gfp fusion genes are mainly expressed in head neurons, hypodermis, intestine and body wall muscles. Procedures to analyze morphology and volume of major organs were developed. The results indicate that volumes of intestine, hypodermis and muscle and cell volumes in intestine and muscle are increased in the egl-4 mutants, whereas cell numbers are not. Experiments on genetic interaction suggest that the cGMP-EGL-4 signaling pathway represses body size and lifespan through DBL-1/TGF-β and insulin pathways, respectively.
Enceladus' Water Vapor Plume

The Cassini spacecraft flew close to Saturn's small moon Enceladus three times in 2005. Cassini's UltraViolet Imaging Spectrograph observed stellar occultations on two flybys and confirmed the existence, composition, and regionally confined nature of a water vapor plume in the south polar region of Enceladus. This plume provides an adequate amount of water to resupply losses from Saturn's E ring and to be the dominant source of the neutral OH and atomic oxygen that fill the Saturnian system.
Cytotoxic and Cytolytic Cnidarian Venoms. A Review on Health Implications and Possible Therapeutic Applications

The toxicity of Cnidaria is a subject of concern for its influence on human activities and public health. During the last decades, the mechanisms of cell injury caused by cnidarian venoms have been studied utilizing extracts from several Cnidaria that have been tested in order to evaluate some fundamental parameters, such as the activity on cell survival, functioning and metabolism, and to improve the knowledge about the mechanisms of action of these compounds. In agreement with the modern tendency aimed to avoid the utilization of living animals in the experiments and to substitute them with in vitro systems, established cell lines or primary cultures have been employed to test cnidarian extracts or derivatives. Several cnidarian venoms have been found to have cytotoxic properties and have been also shown to cause hemolytic effects. Some studied substances have been shown to affect tumour cells and microorganisms, so making cnidarian extracts particularly interesting for their possible therapeutic employment. The review aims to emphasize the up-to-date knowledge about this subject taking in consideration the importance of such venoms in human pathology, the health implications and the possible therapeutic application of these natural compounds.
Bouncing Cosmologies with Dark Matter and Dark Energy

We review matter bounce scenarios where the matter content is dark matter and dark energy. These cosmologies predict a nearly scale-invariant power spectrum with a slightly red tilt for scalar perturbations and a small tensor-to-scalar ratio. Importantly, these models predict a positive running of the scalar index, contrary to the predictions of the simplest inflationary and ekpyrotic models, and hence, could potentially be falsified by future observations. We also review how bouncing cosmological space-times can arise in theories where either the Einstein equations are modified or where matter fields that violate the null energy condition are included.
TRANSFORMING ACTIVITIES AND BASE COMPOSITION OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEATES FROM STRAINS OF MORAXELLA AND MIMA.

Fourteen strains of Moraxella and possibly allied organisms were studied: M. liquefaciens, M. bovis, M. nonliquefaciens, oxidase-positive and oxidasenegative strains of Mima polymorpha and Herellea vaginicola. Classical bacteriological characteristics, capacity to undergo genetic transformation (resistance to 500 μg. dihydrostreptomycin/ml.), and DNA base composition were examined. Moraxella nonliquefaciens and Mima polymorpha var. oxidans were transformable (2 strains at frequencies of 1-4%). Attempts to elicit transformation of the remaining organisms were unsuccessful. The ability of DNA preparations from M. polymorpha var. oxidans to elicit high frequencies of transformation of Moraxella nonliquefaciens, and vice versa, indicated their close relationship. Moreover, their DNA base contents were indistinguishable (about 44·4% guanine + cytosine, 6 strains). The G + C contents averaged 43·1% for 3 oxidase-negative Mima polymorpha strains and 39·8% for 2 Herellea vaginicola strains.
In vitro fermentability and antioxidant capacity of the indigestible fraction of cooked black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), lentils (Lens culinaris L.) and chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.).

BACKGROUND Pulses represent an important source of protein, as well as digestible and indigestible carbohydrates. Little information is available on the indigestible carbohydrates and antioxidant capacity of legume seeds. The cooked seeds of three pulses (black bean, chickpea and lentil) were evaluated for their indigestible fraction (IF), polyphenols content, antioxidant capacity and in vitro fermentability, including short-chain fatty acid production. RESULTS The insoluble indigestible fraction (IIF) was higher than the soluble counterpart (soluble indigestible fraction, SIF). The SIF value was highest in black beans, while no difference was observed between chickpeas and lentils. Black beans and lentils had higher polyphenols content than chickpeas. The IF of black beans exhibited the lowest and chickpeas the highest associated polyphenols content. Condensed tannins were retained to some extent in the IF that exhibited significant antioxidant capacity. The total IF of the three pulses produced short chain fatty acids (SCFA) after 24 h of in vitro fermentation by human colonic microflora. IF from black bean and lentil were best substrates for the fermentative production of butyric acid. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the IF of pulses might be an important source of bioactive compounds.
Influence of Mild Hypothermia on Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage in the Immature Rat

ABSTRACT: Recent studies in adult animals have shown that even small decreases in brain or core temperature ameliorate the damage resulting from hypoxic-ischemic insults. To determine the effect of minor reductions in ambient temperature either during or after an hypoxic-ischemic insult on the brain of the immature rat, 7-d-postnatal rat pups underwent unilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by exposure to hypoxia in 8% oxygen for 3 h. Control animals were maintained at 37°C during hypoxia-ischemia. Intraischemic hypothermia was induced during the insult at temperatures of 34°C and 31°C. Postischemic hypothermia was induced by exposing rat pups that underwent hypoxia at 37°C to recovering environments of 34°C and 31°C. Temperatures were recorded every 15 min from thermistor probes placed in the ipsilateral hemisphere and rectally. Neuropathologic alterations were assessed at 30 postnatal d. During hypoxia, animals became poikilothermic. Brain damage occurred in 90% of rat pups exposed to hypoxia-ischemia at 37°C. Cerebral injury significantly decreased with decreasing temperatures during hypoxia-ischemia (p < 0.01). Only 30% of rats had brain damage when exposed to hypoxia-ischemia at 34°C, and none of the rats exposed at 31°C had brain damage. In contrast, there was no difference in the extent of cerebral injury between rat pups recovered under hypothermic conditions of either 34°C or 31°C compared with those recovered at 37°C. The results indicate that reductions in temperature of 3 to 6°C have a protective effect during but not immediately after hypoxia-ischemia. These findings have important implications about the thermoregulatory control of the sick newborn infant.
Defining hormesis

Much confusion surrounds the concept of hormesis and what its biological meaning represents. This paper provides a definition of hormesis that addresses its historical foundations, quantitative features, and under-lying evolutionary and toxicologically based mechanistic strategies. Hormesis should be considered an adaptive response characterized by biphasic dose responses of generally similar quantitative features with respect to amplitude and range of the stimulatory response that are either directly induced or the result of compensatory biological processes following an initial disruption in homeostasis. Given the limited magnitude of the stimulatory response (i.e., usually 30–60% greater than controls at maximum), heightened study design and replication requirements are often necessary to ensure reliable judgments on causality. Even though hormesis is considered an adaptive response, the issue of beneficial/harmful effects should not be part of the definition of hormesis, but reserved to a subsequent evaluation of the biological and ecological context of the response.
The Role of Perceived E-Collaborative Performance in an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Model

Online web technologies are adopted to improve students' collaborative work. However, the factors that affect students' engagement in online collaboration e-collaboration have not been understood in previous studies. This research aimed to examine the extent to which students' intentions to e-collaborate can be explained by the theory of planned behavior. A sample of secondary and tertiary students was used N = 175. The results from the partial least square approach to structural equation modeling PLS-SEM indicated that the path coefficients of the relationships partially reinforced the a priori construction of the hypothesized model. In brief, attitudes toward e-collaboration and subjective norms were positively and significantly related to e-collaborative intentions, while perceived behavioral control indirectly predicted e-collaborative intentions via perceived e-collaborative performance. Research and practical implications have been presented in the paper.
Dental Health Status of HIV-Positive Patients and Related Variables in Southeast Iran

Background Different factors can be responsible for the increased prevalence of dental caries and missing teeth in HIV-positive patients. Objectives This study evaluates dental health status and its relationship with social, behavioral, and medical factors in HIV-positive patients under the coverage of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in Southeast Iran. Patients and Methods In a cross-sectional study, the dental health status of 119 HIV-positive patients was assessed in accordance with WHO indices and included decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT). A questionnaire on different social, behavioral, and medical variables was filled out for every case and the relationship and correlation of the variables to dental health status were investigated using One-way ANOVA, the Kruskal Wallis test, the t-test, the Mann-Whitney test, Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient, and Pearson correlation. Results The mean value of DMFT index was 11.87 ± 8.08, where the mean values of decayed and missing teeth were 8.42 ± 5.44 and 3.43 ± 4.07, respectively. DMFT index, decayed, and missing teeth correlated only with age (P < 0.0001, P = 0.009, P < 0.0001) and duration of HIV involvement (P = 0.004, P = 0.031, P = 0.007). Conclusions The dental health status of HIV-positive patients in this region was almost inappropriate. Most social, behavioral, and medical factors had no influence on dental health; only a correlation between dental health, age, and duration of HIV involvement was observed.
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Unsteadiness on Three-Dimensional Flow of an Oldroyb-B Fluid

A spectral relaxation method used with bivariate Lagrange interpolation is used to find numerical solutions for the unsteady three-dimensional flow problem of an Oldroyd-B fluid with variable thermal conductivity and heat generation. The problem is governed by a set of three highly coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. The method, originally used for solutions of systems of ordinary differential equations is extended to solutions of systems of nonlinear partial differential equations. The modified approach involves seeking solutions that are expressed as bivariate Lagrange interpolating polynomials and applying pseudo-spectral collocation in both independent variables of the governing PDEs. Numerical simulations were carried out to generate results for some of the important flow properties such as the local skin friction and the heat transfer rate. Numerical analysis of the error and convergence properties of the method are also discussed. One of the benefits of the proposed method is that it is computationally fast and gives very accurate results after only a few iterations using very few grid points in the numerical discretization process.
Detecting Static and Dynamic Differences between Eyes-Closed and Eyes-Open Resting States Using ASL and BOLD fMRI

Resting-state fMRI studies have increasingly focused on multi-contrast techniques, such as BOLD and ASL imaging. However, these techniques may reveal different aspects of brain activity (e.g., static vs. dynamic), and little is known about the similarity or disparity of these techniques in detecting resting-state brain activity. It is therefore important to assess the static and dynamic characteristics of these fMRI techniques to guide future applications. Here we acquired fMRI data while subjects were in eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) states, using both ASL and BOLD techniques, at two research centers (NIDA and HNU). Static brain activity was calculated as voxel-wise mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) using ASL, i.e., CBF-mean, while dynamic activity was measured by the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of BOLD, i.e., BOLD-ALFF, at both NIDA and HNU, and CBF, i.e., CBF-ALFF, at NIDA. We showed that mean CBF was lower under EC than EO in the primary visual cortex, while BOLD-ALFF was higher under EC in the primary somatosensory cortices extending to the primary auditory cortices and lower in the lateral occipital area. Interestingly, mean CBF and BOLD-ALFF results overlapped at the visual cortex to a very small degree. Importantly, these findings were largely replicated by the HNU dataset. State differences found by CBF-ALFF were located in the primary auditory cortices, which were generally a subset of BOLD-ALFF and showed no spatial overlap with CBF-mean. In conclusion, static brain activity measured by mean CBF and dynamic brain activity measured by BOLD- and CBF-ALFF may reflect different aspects of resting-state brain activity and a combination of ASL and BOLD may provide complementary information on the biophysical and physiological processes of the brain.
End-to-end Network for Twitter Geolocation Prediction and Hashing

We propose an end-to-end neural network to predict the geolocation of a tweet. The network takes as input a number of raw Twitter metadata such as the tweet message and associated user account information. Our model is language independent, and despite minimal feature engineering, it is interpretable and capable of learning location indicative words and timing patterns. Compared to state-of-the-art systems, our model outperforms them by 2%-6%. Additionally, we propose extensions to the model to compress representation learnt by the network into binary codes. Experiments show that it produces compact codes compared to benchmark hashing algorithms. An implementation of the model is released publicly.
Design and Creation of Superwetting/Antiwetting Surfaces

Recent achievements in the construction of surfaces with special wettabilities, such as superhydrophobicity, superhydrophilicity, superoleophobicity, superoleophilicity, superamphiphilicity, superamphiphobicity, superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity, and reversible switching between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity, are presented. Particular attention is paid to superhydrophobic surfaces created via various methods and surfaces with reversible superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity that are driven by various kinds of external stimuli. The control of the surface micro‐/nanostructure and the chemical composition is critical for these special properties. These surfaces with controllable wettability are of great importance for both fundamental research and practical applications.
Incoherence-Optimal Matrix Completion

This paper considers the matrix completion problem. We show that it is not necessary to assume joint incoherence, which is a standard but unintuitive and restrictive condition that is imposed by previous studies. This leads to a sample complexity bound that is orderwise optimal with respect to the incoherence parameter (as well as to the rank r and the matrix dimension n up to a log factor). As a consequence, we improve the sample complexity of recovering a semidefinite matrix from O(nr2 log2 n) to O(nr log2 n), and the highest allowable rank from Θ(√n/ log n) to Θ(n/ log2 n). The key step in proof is to obtain new bounds in terms of the ℓ∞,2-norm, defined as the maximum of the row and column norms of a matrix. To illustrate the applicability of our techniques, we discuss extensions to singular value decomposition projection, structured matrix completion and semisupervised clustering, for which we provide orderwise improvements over existing results. Finally, we turn to the closely related problem of low-rank-plus-sparse matrix decomposition. We show that the joint incoherence condition is unavoidable here for polynomialtime algorithms conditioned on the planted clique conjecture. This means it is intractable in general to separate a rank-ω(√n) positive semidefinite matrix and a sparse matrix. Interestingly, our results show that the standard and joint incoherence conditions are associated, respectively, with the information (statistical) and computational aspects of the matrix decomposition problem.