Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome Replication in Thermococcus kodakarensis Independent of Cdc6 and an Origin of Replication

The initiation of DNA replication is typically tightly regulated by proteins that form initiation complexes at specific sequences known as replication origins. In Archaea and Eukaryotes, Cdc6, a near-universally conserved protein binds and facilitates the origin-dependent assembly of the replicative apparatus. TK1901 encodes Cdc6 in Thermococcus kodakarensis but, as we report here, TK1901 and the presumed origin of replication can be deleted from the genome of this hyperthermophilic Archaeon without any detectable effects on growth, genetic competence or the ability to support autonomous plasmid replication. All regions of the genome were equally represented in the sequences generated by whole genome sequencing of DNA isolated from T. kodakarensis strains with or without TK1901, inconsistent with DNA initiation occurring at one or few origins, and instead suggestive of replication initiating at many sites distributed throughout the genome. We were unable to generate strains lacking the recombination factors, RadA or RadB, consistent with T. kodakarensis cells, that are oligoploid (7–19 genomes per cell), employing a recombination-based mechanism of DNA replication. Deletion of the previously presumed origin region reduced the long-term viability of cultures supporting the possibility that retaining an origin-based mechanism of DNA initiation provides a survival mechanism for stationary phase cells with only one genome.
Separating depersonalisation and derealisation: the relevance of the “lesion method”

Objectives: Depersonalisation (DP) and derealisation (DR) are often met with in patients with a wide range of localisable neurological conditions. This suggests that the “lesion method” might be a valid approach to study the neurobiology of DP/DR. However, the fact that anxiety can trigger DP/DR makes it difficult to establish whether the presence of DP/DR in neurological patients is mainly determined by coexisting anxiety or by lesion location. To overcome this difficulty, we suggest the study of neurological phenomena, which although not considered as DP/DR, bear enough phenomenological resemblance with them as to warrant their use as models. Methods: One patient with “visual hypoemotionality” and another with “hemiasomatognosia” are described in detail together with a selective literature review. Results: Complaints of patients with visual hypoemotionality are indistinguishable from those of patients with “visual derealisation”. There is also a phenomenological overlap between “asomatognosia” and the symptom of “body alienation”, which is a central feature of depersonalisation. Conclusions: Phenomenological similarities between visual hypoemotionality and DR suggest that a disruption of the process by means of which perception becomes emotionally coloured may be an underlying mechanism in both conditions. Likewise, phenomenological overlaps with asomatognosia suggest that DP might result from parietal mechanisms disrupting the experience of body ownership and agency. These findings give validity to the notion that DP and DR may have distinct neurobiological mechanisms.
Effects of Age, Acoustic Challenge, and Verbal Working Memory on Recall of Narrative Speech

Background/Study Context: A common goal during speech comprehension is to remember what we have heard. Encoding speech into long-term memory frequently requires processes such as verbal working memory that may also be involved in processing degraded speech. Here the authors tested whether young and older adult listeners’ memory for short stories was worse when the stories were acoustically degraded, or whether the additional contextual support provided by a narrative would protect against these effects. Methods: The authors tested 30 young adults (aged 18–28 years) and 30 older adults (aged 65–79 years) with good self-reported hearing. Participants heard short stories that were presented as normal (unprocessed) speech or acoustically degraded using a noise vocoding algorithm with 24 or 16 channels. The degraded stories were still fully intelligible. Following each story, participants were asked to repeat the story in as much detail as possible. Recall was scored using a modified idea unit scoring approach, which included separately scoring hierarchical levels of narrative detail. Results: Memory for acoustically degraded stories was significantly worse than for normal stories at some levels of narrative detail. Older adults’ memory for the stories was significantly worse overall, but there was no interaction between age and acoustic clarity or level of narrative detail. Verbal working memory (assessed by reading span) significantly correlated with recall accuracy for both young and older adults, whereas hearing ability (better ear pure tone average) did not. Conclusion: The present findings are consistent with a framework in which the additional cognitive demands caused by a degraded acoustic signal use resources that would otherwise be available for memory encoding for both young and older adults. Verbal working memory is a likely candidate for supporting both of these processes.
Development of social behavior in young zebrafish

Adult zebrafish are robustly social animals whereas larva is not. We designed an assay to determine at what stage of development zebrafish begin to interact with and prefer other fish. One week old zebrafish do not show significant social preference whereas most 3 weeks old zebrafish strongly prefer to remain in a compartment where they can view conspecifics. However, for some individuals, the presence of conspecifics drives avoidance instead of attraction. Social preference is dependent on vision and requires viewing fish of a similar age/size. In addition, over the same 1–3 weeks period larval zebrafish increasingly tend to coordinate their movements, a simple form of social interaction. Finally, social preference and coupled interactions are differentially modified by an NMDAR antagonist and acute exposure to ethanol, both of which are known to alter social behavior in adult zebrafish.
Other Cultures: Aims, Methods and Achievements in Social Anthropology

Part 11. Introduction and Background2. Social Anthropology and Some Other Sciences of Man3. What Social Anthropologists Study: the Need for Theory4. Explanation in Social Anthropology: Social Function and Social Structure5. Beliefs and Values6. FieldworkPart 21. Kinship2. Marriage and Affinity3. Social Control: Political Organization4. Social Control: Law and Social Sanctions5. Economic and Property Relations6. The Field of Ritual: Magic7. The Field of Ritual: Religion8. Social Change9. Conclusion and Assessment
Application of Probiotic Bacteria for Controlling Pathogenic Bacteria in Fairy Shrimp Branchinella thailandensis culture

The use of probiotic bacteria for controlling black disease in fairy shrimp, Branchinella thailandensis, was studied. The bacterial antagonistic activities were tested with Aeromonas hydrophila WS1 which is pathogenic to fairy shrimp. The crossstreak method showed that after 48 hours, Bacillus W120 was the strongest inhibitor of A. hydrophila WS1. Bacillus W120 was characterized and confirmed as B. vallismortis by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Competition, by using nutrient for growth, between B. vallismortis and A. hydrophila WS1 in vitro was studied. The amount of A. hydrophila WS1 co-cultured in nutrient broth with B. vallismortis W120 decreased by 84.14% after 48 hours. The toxicity of B. vallismortis W120 was tested by immersion challenge of fairy shrimp in bacteria suspension at concentrations of 1 ×10, 1 ×10 and 1 ×10 CFU/ml for 72 hours but no mortality was found in any treatment. Fairy shrimp were fed with feed containing B. vallismortis W120 at concentrations of 1 × 10, 1 × 10 and 1 × 10 CFU/ml for 7 days, and then challenged with A. hydrophila WS1. Fairy shrimp fed with B. vallismortis W120 at every concentration had a significantly higher survival rate than the control group, and the cumulative mortality rates among each B. vallismortis W120-treated group were not significantly different in every experiment period . These results suggest that B. vallismortis W120 can be applied as an effective probiotic in fairy shrimp culture to control the pathogenic bacteria, A. hydrophila WS1, by feeding shrimp this probiotic bacteria daily at a concentration of 1 × 10 CFU/ml .
The Effect of Mindfulness Training on Mental Rumination and Depression of the Students of Isfahan University

*E-mail: Azargoon_h@yahoo.com هديكچ رضاح شهوژپ فده ، نييعت شزومآ يشخبرثا نهذ يهاگآ دوـب يركفراوخـشن و يگدرـسفا شهاك رب . دنيارف شزومآ نهذ يهاگآ ساسارب هيرظن دش انب ليدزيت يتخانش ياه ه ا تس . روـظنم نـيا هب 36 راـميب يگدرسفا هب لاتبم ) 12 و درم 24 نز ( رد يفداصت روط هب 2 لرتنك و شيامزآ هورگ تفرگ رارق دـن . هـيلك و نامرد زاغآ زا شيپ ناراميب نآ زا سپ ، فا همانشسرپ ود يگدرس دـندرك رـپ ار يركفراوخـشن و كب . رد يهورگ تروص هب شزومآ 8 هسلج ) هتفه هتعاس ود هسلج كي يا ( ماـجنا شياـمزآ هورـگ يور رب ديدرگ . زا يكاح سنايراووك ليلحت جياتن يشخبرثا شور ينامرد يتخانش رب ينتبم نهذ يهاگآ دوب ؛ هب ارمن رد هك يروط لصاح ت همانشسرپ زا اه اـب هسياقم رد شيامزآ هورگ يركف راوخشن و يگدرسفا ي دش هدهاشم يرادانعم توافت لرتنك هورگ ) 01 / 0 p< . ( روكذـم شور داد ناـشن يفيك تادهاشم نينچمه تسا رثؤم يگدرسفا زا يريگشيپ نينچمه و زكرمت ندرب لااب رد .
Workers' compensation recipients with carpal tunnel syndrome: the validity of self-reported health measures.

OBJECTIVES This study compared the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of self-reported measures of health related quality of life in recipients and non-recipients of workers' compensation who have carpal tunnel syndrome. METHODS Patients with carpal tunnel syndrome complete questionnaires at study enrollment and 6 months later scales measuring symptom severity functional status, and satisfaction were included. The scales internal consistency, validity, and responsiveness were assessed. RESULTS The internal consistencies for each scale were high (Cronbach's alpha .88 to .96) and virtually identical in recipients and nonrecipients of workers' compensation. The correlations between self-reported and objectively measured grip strength were . 32 in recipients and . 30 in nonrecipients; these correlations were not influenced by whether workers' compensation recipients were out of work. Correlations between changes in scale scores and three indicators of perceived improvement were higher in recipients (.48 to .69) than in nonrecipients (.19 to .41) CONCLUSIONS The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of these measures were comparable in nonrecipients and recipients of workers compensation, these data support the use of self-report measures in studies of workers.
Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context

This article describes briefly the Hofstede model of six dimensions of national cultures: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity, Long/ Short Term Orientation, and Indulgence/Restraint. It shows the conceptual and research efforts that preceded it and led up to it, and once it had become a paradigm for comparing cultures, research efforts that followed and built on it. The article stresses that dimensions depend on the level of aggregation; it describes the six entirely different dimensions found in the Hofstede et al. (2010) research into organizational cultures. It warns against confusion with value differences at the individual level. It concludes with a look ahead in what the study of dimensions of national cultures and the position of countries on them may still bring. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. This article is available in Online Readings in Psychology and Culture: http://scholarworks.gvsu. edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8
Catalytic activity of bovine seminal ribonuclease is essential for its immunosuppressive and other biological activities.

Bovine seminal ribonuclease (BS-RNase) is a homologue of RNase A with special biological properties, including potent immunosuppressive activity. A mutant BS-RNase was created in which His-119, the active-site residue that acts as a general acid during catalysis, was changed to an aspartic acid. H119D BS-RNase formed a dimer with quaternary structure similar to that of the wild-type enzyme but with values of kcat. and kcat. /Km for the cleavage of UpA [uridylyl(3'-->5')adenosine] that were 4 x 10(3)-fold lower. The mutant protein also demonstrated dramatically decreased immunosuppressive, anti-tumour, aspermatogenic, and embryotoxic activities. The catalytic activity of BS-RNase is therefore necessary for its special biological properties.
Inflammatory pain models with capsaicin or glutamate injections: Are they comparable and reproducible?

Human inflammatory pain models, such as capsaicin (intradermal injection, topical patch or capsule), are used to investigate effectiveness of novel analgesics. As the active component of hot chilli peppers, capsaicin activates transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1). The effect of capsaicin is characterized by a burning or tingling sensation that involves the activation of polymodal C and A-delta nociceptive fibers. The use of capsaicin through a patch (8% single dose daily or 0.075% four times daily), intradermal injection or delivery through lipid-polymer nanoparticules causes a dramatic loss of epidermal nerve fibers leading to degeneration (see Fig. 1). However, discontinuation of capsaicin treatment is followed by regeneration of epidermal nerve fibers with sensory function returning to baseline (Fig. 1). Chronic capsaicin treatment results in functional desensitization to mechanical, thermal or chemical noxious stimuli that have been shown to alleviate pain associated with neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy and osteoarthritis. Interestingly, local release of the neurotransmitter, glutamate, might induce painful sensation (secondary hyperalgesia and allodynia) through activation of the N-methyl D-aspartate receptors on peripheral primary afferents. The glutamate and N-methyl D-aspartate receptor signaling pathway plays a critical role in pain transmission, and can lead to the development of central sensitization. During inflammation, there is an increase in glutamate release and glutamate receptor density. In addition, peripheral activation of A-delta and polymodal C nociceptive fibers at low or high intensity stimulates the release of glutamate. However, there are only a few studies evaluating the neurodegenerative effect of glutamate accumulation through increased vesicular glutamate transporter in drosophilia or cultured hippocampal neurons. Thus, similar to capsaicin, intradermal administration of glutamate would induce secondary hyperalgesia and allodynia in human clinical settings. A major concern if inflammatory substances cause hyperalgesia and allodynia is the reproducibility of preclinical and clinical observations. Several investigators reported variability in the response to intradermal and topical capsaicin that could be due to subject numbers and/or variability attributed to non-responders. Furthermore, although the capsaicin model is frequently used in pharmacological profiling of novel analgesic compounds, direct comparison between capsaicin and glutamate in causing hyperalgesia and allodynia would be desirable. In this issue of CEPP, Nilsson et al. report the comparison and reproducibility of capsaicin and glutamate in healthy humans. A total of 20 healthy male volunteers were subjected
Do current environmental conditions explain physiological and metabolic responses of subterranean crustaceans to cold?

SUMMARY Subterranean environments are characterized by the quasi absence of thermal variations (±1°C within a year), and organisms living in these biotopes for several millions of years, such as hypogean crustaceans, can be expected to have adapted to this very stable habitat. As hypogean organisms experience minimal thermal variation in their native biotopes, they should not be able to develop any particular cold adaptations to cope with thermal fluctuations. Indeed, physiological responses of organisms to an environmental stress are proportional to the amplitude of the stress they endure in their habitats. Surprisingly, previous studies have shown that a population of an aquatic hypogean crustacean, Niphargus rhenorhodanensis, exhibited a high level of cold hardiness. Subterranean environments thus appeared not to be following the classical above-mentioned theory. To confirm this counter-example, we studied seven karstic populations of N. rhenorhodanensis living in aquifers at approximately 10°C all year round and we analysed their behavioural, metabolic and biochemical responses during cold exposure (3°C). These seven populations showed reduced activities, and some cryoprotective molecules were accumulated. More surprisingly, the amplitude of the response varied greatly among the seven populations, despite their exposure to similar thermal conditions. Thus, the overall relationship that can be established between the amplitude of thermal variations and cold-hardiness abilities of ectotherm species may be more complex in subterranean crustaceans than in other arthropods.
Cytogenetic analysis of two locariid species (Teleostei, Siluriformes) from Iguatemi River (Parana River drainage) in Brazil

Abstract Fishes of the Loricariidae family, known as “cascudos”, constitute an endemic group in Neotropical freshwaters. In this study, were cytogenetically examined two species of Loricariidae (Pterygoplichthys anisitsi Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 and Farlowella amazonum (Günther, 1864) belonging to Hypostominae and Loricariinae subfamilies respectively) from Iguatemi River. Our study provide the first description regarding C-band and fluorochromic analysis in Farlowella amazonum. In Farlowella amazonum, diploid number was 58 chromosomes, with single Ag-NOR and heterochromatic blocks in centromeric regions of some chromosomes and large subtelomeric blocks were evidenced on the long arm of the pair 27, being this region CMA3+/DAPI-. The Pterygoplichthys anisitsi showed diploid number equal 52 chromosomes, with single Ag-NOR and heterochromatic blocks in centromeric and telomeric regions of some chromosomes and conspicuous large telomeric blocks on the long arm of the pair 10, being this region CMA3+/DAPI-. The results show that karyotype formula is nonconservative in Pterygoplichthys anisitsi and Farlowella amazonum.
Low-loss and bend-insensitive terahertz fiber using a rhombic-shaped core.

A novel porous-core photonic crystal fiber is presented, and its guiding properties are numerically investigated by using the finite element method. It is demonstrated that by introducing a rhombic-shaped core made of circular air holes inside the conventional hexagonal cladding, it is possible to obtain very low bending loss of 3.04×10-11 cm-1 at the operating frequency of 1.0 THz. In addition to this, low effective material loss of 0.089 cm-1 and very small confinement loss of 1.17×10-3 dB/cm are achieved for optimal design parameters. Other guiding properties, including effective area, dispersion, and higher order mode characteristics are also discussed thoroughly. The design of this porous fiber is relatively simple, since it contains fewer air holes and consists of circular air holes only. Due to promising wave-guiding properties, the proposed fiber would have a great potential for terahertz imaging and flexible communication applications.
The Economics of Internet Search

This lecture provides an introduction to the economics of Internet search engines. After a brief review of the historical development of the technology and the industry, I describe some of the economic features of the auction system used for displaying ads. It turns out that some relatively simple economic models provide significant insight into the operation of these auctions. In particular, the classical theory of two-sided matching markets turns out to be very useful in this context.
Non-muscle myosin IIB (Myh10) is required for epicardial function and coronary vessel formation during mammalian development

The coronary vasculature is an essential vessel network providing the blood supply to the heart. Disruptions in coronary blood flow contribute to cardiac disease, a major cause of premature death worldwide. The generation of treatments for cardiovascular disease will be aided by a deeper understanding of the developmental processes that underpin coronary vessel formation. From an ENU mutagenesis screen, we have isolated a mouse mutant displaying embryonic hydrocephalus and cardiac defects (EHC). Positional cloning and candidate gene analysis revealed that the EHC phenotype results from a point mutation in a splice donor site of the Myh10 gene, which encodes NMHC IIB. Complementation testing confirmed that the Myh10 mutation causes the EHC phenotype. Characterisation of the EHC cardiac defects revealed abnormalities in myocardial development, consistent with observations from previously generated NMHC IIB null mouse lines. Analysis of the EHC mutant hearts also identified defects in the formation of the coronary vasculature. We attribute the coronary vessel abnormalities to defective epicardial cell function, as the EHC epicardium displays an abnormal cell morphology, reduced capacity to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and impaired migration of epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs) into the myocardium. Our studies on the EHC mutant demonstrate a requirement for NMHC IIB in epicardial function and coronary vessel formation, highlighting the importance of this protein in cardiac development and ultimately, embryonic survival.