Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systemic RNAi in the small hive beetle Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), a serious pest of the European honey bee Apis mellifera.

BACKGROUND Aethina tumida is a serious pest of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) in North America and Australia. Here we investigate whether Laccase 2, the phenoloxidase gene essential for cuticle sclerotisation and pigmentation in many insects, and vacuolar-ATPase V-type subunit A, vital for the generation of proton gradients used to drive a range of transport processes, could be potential targets for RNAi-mediated control of A. tumida. RESULTS Injection of V-ATPase subunit A (5 ng) and Laccase 2 (12.5 ng) dsRNAs resulted in 100% larval mortality, and qPCR confirmed significant decreases and enhanced suppression of transcript levels over time. Oral delivery of V-ATPase subunit A dsRNA in solutions resulted in 50% mortality; however, gene suppression could not be verified. We suggest that the inconsistent RNAi effect was a consequence of dsRNA degradation within the gut owing to the presence of extracellular nucleases. Target specificity was confirmed by a lack of effect on survival or gene expression in honey bees injected with A. tumida dsRNAs. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show evidence for systemic RNAi in A. tumida in response to injected dsRNA, but further research is required to develop methods to induce RNAi effects via ingestion. © 2016 Crown copyright. Pest Management Science © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Soil-transmitted nematode infections and mebendazole treatment in Mafia Island schoolchildren

Abstract In August 2000, a cross-sectional study was performed to assess the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted nematode infections in schoolchildren on Mafia Island. Hookworm infection was widespread (72.5% prevalence) whereas Trichuris trichiura was less prevalent (39.7%) and Ascaris lumbricoides was present at a low prevalence (4.2%), mainly in urban areas. In a subsample of the study population, both Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale were found, although N. americanus was more prevalent. This survey was followed by a parasitological evaluation of mebendazole treatment using a single, 500-mg dose. The data on outcome were used for comparison with those from recent studies of similar treatment regimens in the neighbouring island of Pemba, Zanzibar, where periodic chemotherapy with mebendazole to schoolchildren has been implemented as part of a helminth-control programme since 1994. A higher efficacy of mebendazole against hookworm infection was found in Mafia Island (where a cure 'rate' of 31.3% and an egg-reduction 'rate' of 78.1% were recorded) when compared with that observed in Pemba Island, possibly indicating that hookworms may be developing mebendazole resistance on Pemba Island as a result of intense exposure to the drug there.
Multicultural Perspectives on Self-Determination From Youth, Parent, and Teacher Focus Groups

Numerous curricula and programs have been developed to foster the self-determination of youth with disabilities. Virtually all are rooted in mainstream U.S. values, leading to questions of their relevance and efficacy for culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) youth who hold different values. To help fill a research gap on cultural influences on self-determination, a focus group methodology was used to explore the perceptions of a diverse range of youth with emotional and/or behavioral disorders, parents, and teachers, totaling 122 participants in Hawaii and Washington, DC. Transcript analysis identified a variety of cultural themes. However, individual variability within ethnic groups underlines the need to adhere to the principle of individualization when promoting self-determination.
Organizational Evaluation and Authority

Authority systems in formal organizations are analyzed in terms of the process by which the performance of organizational participants is evaluated. Authority is viewed as authorization to attempt to control the behavior of others, and rests in four different kinds of authority rights, each of which is a component of the evaluation process. Authority systems are defined in terms of the distribution of these rights among participants. The theory specifies certain problems in the evaluation process, which make the authority system incompatible with participants' achievement of evaluations acceptable to them. Incompatible authority systems are postulated to be unstable and to remain so until the incompatibility is resolved. A set of indices is developed for the identification of unstable systems. This theory is the basis of a current study of authority systems in five organizations. W. Richard Scott is associate professor and Sanford M. Dornbusch is professor of sociology at Stanford University. Bruce C. Busching is assistant professor of sociology at the University of Wisconsin and James D. Laing is assistant professor of political science at Stanford University.
Associations of psychological, functional, and biological factors with age changes in the self-perceived health of old persons

This research investigates the associations of psychological and biological factors with the self-perceived health of old persons. Participants were 411 residents of 11 retirement homes in Zagreb, Croatia: 104 men, 307 women, aged 56–96 years (average 79) at baseline, mobile, and not diagnosed with dementia. The variables measured, at baseline and at 2-year follow-up, were sociodemographics, self-perceived health, functional ability, cognitive function, depression, and social participation. Biochemical variables were measured from vein blood sample at baseline. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses explained 33%–38% of self-perceived health variance. Functional ability, depressive symptoms, and age were significant predictors of self-perceived health in all analyses. Two biological cardiovascular risk factors variables – glucose and urea – were significantly associated with self-perceived health.
Workplace Hazards, Unions, and Coping Styles

Coping styles influence levels of stress. This study examines how workers cope with hazards at work and whether unions help work ers cope more effectively with those hazards. We surveyed 237 workers at a chemical plant in Louisiana and found that perceived exposure to fire and explosions at work increased workers' levels of anxiety. Problem-focused strategies to cope with those potential risks reduced anxiety and depression. Aside from supervisory or managerial authority, which is not available to most workers, we found that only one factor effectively moves workers who are in subordinate positions to actively cope with hazards: membership in an independent labor union. These findings suggest that union growth could indirectly reduce job stress by giving workers the voice to cope effectively with job hazards.
Comparison of very-high-frequency ultrasound assessment of radial arterial wall layers after first and repeated transradial coronary procedures

Background Transradial coronary procedure (TRP) traumatizes the radial artery (RA), especially resulting in changes to arterial wall morphology. This study explored the significance of the early onset of traumatic effects to wall layers of the RA following the first TRP (FTRP) and repeat TRP (RTRP) using very-high-frequency ultrabiomicroscopy (VHFUBM). Methods A total of 1431 patients that received TRP were divided into the FTRP group that comprised 781 patients and the RTRP group that comprised 650 patients depending on the number of procedures. Two-dimensional RA images were acquired by 30–55 MHz ultrasound one day before and one day after the procedure. Results After TRP, the incidence of intimal tears, medial dissections and external elastic lamina fracture were greater in the RTRP (P < 0.001). The RTRP group showed significantly thicker intimal thickness (IT), media thickness (MT), adventitia thickness and all complex layer thicknesses as compared with the FTRP group (P < 0.001). Conclusions Multivariate linear regression analysis discovered that repeated TRP and other observations were independent predictors of increased IT in post-operative RA. VHFUBM provides an approach to study structural and histopathological injury in the wall layers of RA which showed increased trauma to the RA following RTRP.
Seasonal cycles of ozone and oxidized nitrogen species in northeast Asia 2. A model analysis of the roles of chemistry and transport: OZONE AND SPECIATED NOyIN A GLOBAL CTM

Received 13 November 2001; revised 18 May 2002; accepted 20 May 2002; published 11 December 2002. [1] The dominant factors controlling the seasonal variations of ozone (O3) and three major oxidized nitrogen species, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and nitric acid (HNO3), in northeast Asia are investigated by using a three-dimensional global chemical transport model to analyze surface observations made at Rishiri Island, a remote island in northern Japan. The model was evaluated by comparing with observed seasonal variations, and with the relationships between O3, CO, and PAN. We show that the model reproduces the chemical environment at Rishiri Island reasonably well, and that the seasonal cycles of O3, CO, NOy species, and VOCs are well predicted. The impact of local emissions on some of these constituents is significant, but is not the dominant factor affecting the seasonal cycles. The seasonal roles of chemistry and transport in controlling O3 and PAN are revealed by examining production/destruction and import/ export/deposition fluxes in the boundary layer over the Rishiri region. For O3, transport plays a key role throughout the year, and the regional photochemical contribution is at most 10% in summer. For PAN, in contrast, transport dominates in winter, while in-situ chemistry contributes as much as 75% in summer. It is suggested that the relative contribution of transport and in-situ chemistry is significantly different for O3 and PAN, but that the wintertime dominance of transport due to the long chemical lifetimes of these species is sufficient to drive the seasonal cycles of springtime maximum and summertime minimum characteristic of remote sites. INDEX TERMS: 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution—urban and regional (0305); 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere— constituent transport and chemistry; 9320 Information Related to Geographic Region: Asia; KEYWORDS: tropospheric ozone, oxidized nitrogen, seasonal cycle, transport, photochemistry Citation: Tanimoto, H. , O. Wild, S. Kato, H. Furutani, Y. Makide, Y. Komazaki, S. Hashimoto, S. Tanaka, and H. Akimoto, Seasonal cycles of ozone and oxidized nitrogen species in northeast Asia, 2, A model analysis of the roles of chemistry and transport, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D23), 4706, doi:10.1029/2001JD001497, 2002.
Human Adenovirus Type 36 Enhances Glucose Uptake in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Human Skeletal Muscle Cells Independent of Insulin Signaling

OBJECTIVE—Human adenovirus type 36 (Ad-36) increases adiposity but improves insulin sensitivity in experimentally infected animals. We determined the ability of Ad-36 to increase glucose uptake by human primary skeletal muscle (HSKM) cells. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The effect of Ad-36 on glucose uptake and cell signaling was determined in HSKM cells obtained from type 2 diabetic and healthy lean subjects. Ad-2, another human adenovirus, was used as a negative control. Gene expression and proteins of GLUT1 and GLUT4 were measured by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Role of insulin and Ras signaling pathways was determined in Ad-36–infected HSKM cells. RESULTS—Ad-36 and Ad-2 infections were confirmed by the presence of respective viral mRNA and protein expressions. In a dose-dependent manner, Ad-36 significantly increased glucose uptake in diabetic and nondiabetic HSKM cells. Ad-36 increased gene expression and protein abundance of GLUT1 and GLUT4, GLUT4 translocation to plasma membrane, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity in an insulin-independent manner. In fact, Ad-36 decreased insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine phosphorylation and IRS-1–and IRS-2–associated PI 3-kinase activities. On the other hand, Ad-36 increased Ras gene expression and protein abundance, and Ras siRNA abrogated Ad-36–induced PI 3-kinase activation, GLUT4 protein abundance, and glucose uptake. These effects were not observed with Ad-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS—Ad-36 infection increases glucose uptake in HSKM cells via Ras-activated PI 3-kinase pathway in an insulin-independent manner. These findings may provide impetus to exploit the role of Ad-36 proteins as novel therapeutic targets for improving glucose handling.
Nearly Optimum Prefiltering in Clock Recovery

Previous authors have found that jitter-free operation is achievable with appropriate pulse shaping when the nonlinearity in the timing recovery circuit is a square-law rectifier. In this paper we consider the general case of an arbitrary nonlinearity and we show that a class of pulses can still be found which provide very good jitter performance. Comparisons are made with previous results.
[Studies on the cervical facet joints using arthrography of the cervical facet joint (author's transl)].

In order to elucidate the pathological changes of the cervical facet joint probably representing one of the causes of the neck and shoulder pain, the author developed the arthrography of the cervical facet joint and applied this method to 157 joints of 83 patients. Eight cadavers were also used to evaluate the method based on an anatomical basis. Cervical facet joints of patients with tenderness on the lateral side of the neck were studied. The technic used in this method using X-ray T.V. was described and the arthrograms obtained on the dissected specimens were compared with the anatomical findings. The arthrogram of the middle and lower cervical facet joint was classified into the type with regular joint margin, the type with slightly irregular one and the type with irregular one, or the type with sharp lateral margin and the type with unsharp one. In 80% of the 142 joints in total, a communicating pathway was found from the facet joint to the interlaminar portion, interspinous portion, contralateral facet joint, para-extradural space and cervical extradural space. These arthrograms were analyzed. The visualization of the atlanto-axial joint was also achieved. Even in normal subject, a communication to the contralateral side via the surface of the axial spine was demonstrated.
Analysing the offence locations and residential base of serial arsonists in New Zealand

Abstract The purpose of the present paper was to test the applicability of the Canter and Larkin (1993) circle theory of environmental range for offending by serial arsonists in New Zealand. Police files for 45 serial arsonists convicted between 1988 and 2003 were obtained, and maps were produced for each offender indicating arson sites as well as the home address at the time of offending. Criminal range circles produced according to the Canter and Larkin method encompassed all offences in 84% of cases, consistent with prior research. Offenders were classified as marauders or commuters depending on whether the home base was contained within the criminal range circle. Contrary to previous research, a predominant marauder pattern was not found; the present sample was equally divided between marauders and commuters. Regressions of distance between home base and furthest offence on the distance between the two furthest offences yielded a slope of 0.93, indicating that for marauder offenders, the home base ten.
Histological correlation of microcalcifications in breast biopsy specimens.

HYPOTHESIS Nonpalpable malignant-appearing microcalcifications discovered by mammography geographically target the location of the most important abnormality within the breast. Core needle or open biopsy of these microcalcifications will sample or remove underlying proliferative or invasive disease. DESIGN A prospective database of 403 consecutive patients undergoing breast biopsy for nonpalpable abnormalities from July 1, 1994, to December 31, 1996, was reviewed to identify biopsies done for indeterminate microcalcifications. Specimens showing atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ, or invasive carcinoma were identified and reviewed by 1 pathologist. The position of microcalcifications larger than 100 microm were recorded in reference to the histological findings. SETTING A 450-bed referral community teaching hospital in rural Wisconsin. PATIENTS Indeterminant microcalcifications were identified on mammograms in 167 (41.4%) of 403 patients. Sixty-one (36.5%) of 167 biopsy specimens contained atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ, or invasive carcinoma, and the slides of these 61 initial breast biopsy specimens were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relationship of breast histopathological findings to microcalcifications. RESULTS In these 61 specimens, 82 areas of atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ, or invasive carcinoma were noted. The microcalcifications correlated with these areas in 43 (52%) of 82 areas on slide review and were present in the most important abnormality in 33 (54%) of 61 biopsy specimens. CONCLUSIONS Indeterminant microcalcifications identified by mammography may not target the exact location of underlying breast disease. Careful evaluation of the entire biopsy specimen and close follow-up of patients with benign pathologic findings are recommended.
Power Relations, Technical Writing Theory, and Workplace Writing

Technical writing theory and research about communication in large organizations mostly ignore from-the-top control of rhetoric. The usual emphasis on an individual writer negotiating with a known audience and generally free to decide on matters of style, organization, and so on can hide the ways that power relations often silently control internal rhetoric. Conclusions are based on two case studies: In the later Middle Ages, professional letters had to conform to a rhetorical format that necessarily foregrounded unequal power relations. In a contemporary nuclear power station, similar power relations purposely obscure writer and audience while procedures dictate format and content.
Growth Enhancing Versus Dissociative States of Consciousness: A Questionnaire Study

Evidence is found in normative samples for the separation widely observed in qualitative individual and special group studies between transpersonal, growth-enhancing states of consciousness and more conflicted dissociated states. These two patterns of transformative states of consciousness are shown to be different manifestations of a background, bivalent dimension of absorption/openness to experience, identified in current personality research as a defining feature of individual variability. Further dialogue among transpersonalists, clinical psychologists, and personality researchers is needed if we are to better understand the relations between integrative versus disintegrative states of consciousness and their common rooting in normative individual differences.
Do Private Religious Practices Moderate the Relation Between Family Conflict and Preadolescents’ Depression and Anxiety Symptoms?

We extended past research that focused on the relation between family conflict and preadolescents’ depressive and anxiety symptoms. In a sample of 160 11- to 12-year-olds, we examined whether private religious practices moderated the relations between family conflict and preadolescents’ depressive and anxiety symptoms. Although preadolescents’ depressive and anxiety symptoms were not significantly associated with their private religious practices, preadolescents’ private religious practices moderated the relations between: (a) both mother- and preadolescent-reported family conflict and preadolescents’ anxiety symptoms; and (b) both mother- and preadolescent-reported family conflict and preadolescents’ depression symptoms. The relation between family conflict and depression and anxiety symptoms was significantly stronger for preadolescents low, versus high, in their private religious practices. Preadolescents’ sex was not differentially related to these findings. Results highlight the role that private religious practices may play in moderating the relation between family conflict and preadolescents’ internalizing symptoms. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Mechanistic analysis for time-dependent effects of cinacalcet on serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone levels in 5/6 nephrectomized rats

This study investigates the time‐dependent effects of cinacalcet on serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in 5/6 nephrectomized (NX) rats with experimental chronic renal insufficiency. In this study, 5/6 NX male, Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with vehicle or cinacalcet (10 mg/kg, oral, 1× daily). On Day 0 (before treatment), Day 12 and 13 after treatment (to approximate the clinical practice), and also at 0, 1, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours after the last dosing, blood was collected for analysis. After 12 or 13 days of cinacalcet treatment, modest changes were observed in serum Ca and phosphorus (Pi), while PTH decreased by >45% to Sham levels (152 ± 15 pg/mL). Detailed mapping found that cinacalcet caused a significant time‐dependent decrease in serum Ca following dosing, reaching a lowest point at 8 hours (decrease by 20% to 8.43 ± 0.37 mg/dL), and then returning to normal at 24 hours. Cinacalcet also caused a significant increase in serum Pi levels (by 18%). To investigate the potential mechanism of action, a broad approach was taken by testing cinacalcet in a panel of 77 protein‐binding assays. Cinacalcet interacted with several channels, transporters, and neurotransmitter receptors, some of which are involved in brain and heart, and may impact Ca homeostasis. Cinacalcet dose‐dependently increased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA expression by 48% in cardiomyocytes, but had no significant effects on left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac function. The results suggest that cinacalcet's hypocalcemic effect may be due to its nonspecific interaction with other receptors in brain and heart.
Communicative language teaching revisited: discourses in conflict and foreign national teachers

In this paper I discuss some of the competing and conflicting discourses of language education that exist at present in England. I begin by focussing on two of these discourses, one emanating from the Department for Education and Skills (DfES), via the National Curriculum, and the other, put forth by foreign language specialists at British universities. I then move on to discuss data collected during my ongoing study of French, German and Spanish nationals teaching foreign languages in London secondary schools. These data form a third competing discourse of language education, one that is more akin to that of academics than that of the DfES. I end by suggesting that as their numbers increase, these teachers might act as catalysts for change in foreign language education, in particular as regards the role of grammar.