Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bandwidth Efficient Three-User Cooperative Diversity Scheme Based on Relaying Superposition Symbols

Recently, Cooperative diversity in wireless communication systems has gained much attention. A simple two-user cooperative diversity scheme called decode-and-forward cooperation scheme has been presented by Laneman (2004). Each user has one partner to decode its information and retransmit it by employing repeti-tion coding. This scheme can offer diversity order of two. But the bandwidth efficiency is low. In this paper, we propose a bandwidth efficient three-user cooperative diversity scheme based on relaying superposition symbols. Each user has two partners and each partner relays superposition symbols of the other two users instead of repetition. Thus, the bandwidth efficiency is improved compared to the baseline decode- and-forward cooperative diversity scheme presented by Laneman. Moreover, the proposed scheme can also offer diversity order of two. Then, in order to improve the system performance, a new constellation labeling for the superposition 8PSK modulation is designed. It is a simple way to exploit the symbol mapping diver-sity and a gain of about 2 dB can be obtained. Furthermore, the performance improvement comes at no addi-tional power or bandwidth expense.
Rheological and transport properties of airway secretions in cystic fibrosis‐relationships with the degree of infection and severity of the disease

Abstract. It has recently been suggested that in cystic fibrosis (CF), there is no rheological abnormality of airway secretions other than that associated with purulence, and that the apparent inhibition in the mucociliary transport rate might be partly due to a ciliary inhibitor present in these secretions. In order to ascertain this assumption, expectorated airway secretions were collected without salivary contamination in twenty‐four CF patients and the rheological properties were measured. Using a photometric method, the effects of CF sputum samples were analysed on the ciliary beat frequency (Fm) of the frog palate, and we measured their mucociliary transport rate (TR). In all but one CF sputum, TR and Fm were lower than that of the control frog mucus (median TR: 18±7 and 11±6 mm min‐1; median Fm: 12±3 and 11±3 Hz, respectively). In the eighteen patients in whom the rheological properties were outside the range for optimal mucociliary transport, the clinical Shwachman score was significantly (P<0±05) lower (median score: 66±2 points) than in the six patients with optimal rheologic properties (median score: 73 points). In the eleven CF patients with superinfection, the apparent viscosity (±0) was significantly higher (P<0±01; median ±0: 24±4 Pa. s) and TR, expressed as a percentage of the reference value, was significantly lower (P<0±05; median Tr: 54±5%) in comparison with the values obtained for the thirteen non‐superinfected CF patients (median ±0, 15 Pa. s and median TR: 66% respectively). The CF patients with markedly hypervis‐cous sputum (±0 higher than 30 Pa. s) exhibited a low Shwachman score.
Physicochemical and functional properties of a protein isolate produced from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) meal by ultrafiltration.

BACKGROUND The protein isolate obtained from safflower meal by aqueous extraction and ultrafiltration was evaluated for its physicochemical and functional properties. RESULTS Protein, ash and moisture contents of the safflower protein isolate were 901, 51 and 45 g kg(-1) respectively. Its water and oil absorption capacities were 2.22 mL H(2) O g(-1) protein and 2.77 mL oil g(-1) protein respectively. Least gelation concentration was 20 g kg(-1) at pH 2, 6, 8 and 10 but 100 g kg(-1) at pH 4. Emulsifying properties were also affected by the pH: emulsifying activity and emulsion stability at pH 6 were 82.5 and 100% respectively. The highest foaming capacity (126%) occurred at pH 2; however, it increased by 104% with the addition of 0.25 g glucose g(-1) protein to the foam system. CONCLUSION In the light of its functional properties found in this study, safflower protein isolate produced by ultrafiltration is recommended for use as an ingredient in food products such as salad dressing, meat products, mayonnaise, cakes, ice cream and desserts.
Preferential KAT1-KAT2 Heteromerization Determines Inward K+ Current Properties in Arabidopsis Guard Cells*

Guard cells adjust their volume by changing their ion content due to intense fluxes that, for K+, are believed to flow through inward or outward Shaker channels. Because Shaker channels can be homo- or heterotetramers and Arabidopsis guard cells express at least five genes encoding inward Shaker subunits, including the two major ones, KAT1 and KAT2, the molecular identity of inward Shaker channels operating therein is not yet completely elucidated. Here, we first addressed the properties of KAT1-KAT2 heteromers by expressing KAT1-KAT2 tandems in Xenopus oocytes. Then, computer analyses of the data suggested that coexpression of free KAT1 and KAT2 subunits resulted mainly in heteromeric channels made of two subunits of each type due to some preferential association of KAT1-KAT2 heterodimers at the first step of channel assembly. This was further supported by the analysis of KAT2 effect on KAT1 targeting in tobacco cells. Finally, patch-clamp recordings of native inward channels in wild-type and mutant genotypes strongly suggested that this preferential heteromerization occurs in planta and that Arabidopsis guard cell inward Shaker channels are mainly heteromers of KAT1 and KAT2 subunits.
Combined intravenous and intra-arterial r-TPA versus intra-arterial therapy of acute ischemic stroke: Emergency Management of Stroke (EMS) Bridging Trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of combined intravenous (IV) and local intra-arterial (IA) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA) therapy for stroke within 3 hours of onset of symptoms. METHODS This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multi-center Phase I study of IV r-TPA or IV placebo followed by immediate cerebral arteriography and local IA administration of r-TPA by means of a microcatheter. Treatment activity was assessed by improvement on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score (NIHSSS) at 7 to 10 days. The Barthel Index, modified Rankin Scale, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale measured 3-month functional outcome. Arterial recanalization rates and their relation to total r-TPA dose and time to lysis were measured. Rates of life-threatening bleeding, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or other bleeding complications assessed safety. RESULTS Thirty-five patients were randomly assigned, 17 into the IV/IA group and 18 into the placebo/IA group. There was no difference in the 7- to 10-day or the 3-month outcomes, although there were more deaths in the IV/IA group. Clot was found in 22 of 34 patients. Recanalization was better (P=0. 03) in the IV/IA group with TIMI 3 flow in 6 of 11 IV/IA patients versus 1 of 10 placebo/IA patients and correlated to the total dose of r-TPA (P=0.05). There was no difference in the median treatment intervals from time of onset to IV treatment (2.6 vs 2.7 hours), arteriography (3.3 vs 3.0 hours), or clot lysis (6.3 vs 5.7 hours) between the IV/IA and placebo/IA groups, respectively. A direct relation between NIHSSS and the likelihood of the presence of a clot was identified. Eight ICHs occurred; all were hemorrhagic infarctions. There were no parenchymal hematomas. Symptomatic ICH within 24 hours occurred in 1 placebo/IA patient only. Beyond 24 hours, symptomatic ICH occurred in 2 IV/IA patients only. Life-threatening bleeding complications occurred in 2 patients, both in the IV/IA group. Moderate to severe bleeding complications occurred in 2 IV/IA patients and 1 placebo/IA patient. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study demonstrates combined IV/IA treatment is feasible and provides better recanalization, although it was not associated with improved clinical outcomes. The presence of thrombus on initial arteriography was directly related to the baseline NIHSSS. This approach is technically feasible. The numbers of symptomatic ICH were similar between the 2 groups, which suggests that this approach may be safe. Further study is needed to determine the safety and effectiveness of this new method of treatment. Such studies should address not only efficacy and safety but also the cost-benefit ratio and quality of life, given the major investment in time, personnel, and equipment required by combined IV and IA techniques.
Calibration‐induced uncertainty of the EPIC model to estimate climate change impact on global maize yield

Understanding the interactions between agricultural production and climate is necessary for sound decision‐making in climate policy. Gridded and high‐resolution crop simulation has emerged as a useful tool for building this understanding. Large uncertainty exists in this utilization, obstructing its capacity as a tool to devise adaptation strategies. Increasing focus has been given to sources of uncertainties for climate scenarios, input‐data, and model, but uncertainties due to model parameter or calibration are still unknown. Here, we use publicly available geographical data sets as input to the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model (EPIC) for simulating global‐gridded maize yield. Impacts of climate change are assessed up to the year 2099 under a climate scenario generated by HadEM2‐ES under RCP 8.5. We apply five strategies by shifting one specific parameter in each simulation to calibrate the model and understand the effects of calibration. Regionalizing crop phenology or harvest index appears effective to calibrate the model for the globe, but using various values of phenology generates pronounced difference in estimated climate impact. However, projected impacts of climate change on global maize production are consistently negative regardless of the parameter being adjusted. Different values of model parameter result in a modest uncertainty at global level, with difference of the global yield change less than 30% by the 2080s. The uncertainty subjects to decrease if applying model calibration or input data quality control. Calibration has a larger effect at local scales, implying the possible types and locations for adaptation.
The longer term value of creativity judgements in computational creativity

During research to develop the Standardised Procedure for Evaluating Creative Systems (SPECS) methodology for evaluat- ing the creativity of ‘creative’ systems, in 2011 an evaluation case study was carried out. The case study investigated how we can make a ‘snapshot’ decision, in a short space of time, on the creativity of systems in various domains. The systems to be evaluated were presented at the International Computational Creativity Conference in 2011. Evaluation was performed by people whose domain expertise ranges from expert to novice, depending on the system. The SPECS methodology was used for evaluation, and was compared to two other creativity evaluation methods (Ritchie’s criteria and Colton’s Creative Tripod) and to results from surveying people’s opinion on the creativity of the systems under investigation. Here, we revisit those results, considering them in the context of what these systems have contributed to computational creativity development. Five years on, we now have data on how influential these systems were within computational creativity, and to what extent the work in these systems has influenced further developments in computational creativity research. This paper investigates whether the evaluations of creativity of these systems have been helpful in predicting which systems will be more influential in computational creativity (as measured by paper citations and further development within later computational systems). While a direct correlation between evaluative results and longer term impact is not discovered (and perhaps too simplistic an aim, given the factors at play in determining research impact), some interesting alignments are noted between the 2011 results and the impact of papers five years on.
Algebraically closed groups of large cardinality

Let M be a countable algebraically closed group, κ an uncountable cardinal. We will prove in this paper the following theorems. Theorem 1. There is an algebraically closed group N of cardinality κ which is ∞ – ω-equivalent to M. Theorem 2. There is an algebraically closed group N of cardinality κ which is ∞ – ω-equivalent to M, and contains a free abelian group of cardinality κ. Theorem 3. There are 2κ nonisomorphic algebraically closed groups of cardinality κ which are ∞ – ω-equivalent to M. Theorem 4. There is an algebraically closed group N of cardinality κ which is ∞ – ω-equivalent to M and satisfies: Every subgroup of N of uncountable reqular cardinality contains a free subgroup of the same cardinality. Theorems 2 and 4 illustrate Theorem 3 by exhibiting two groups N ≡ ∞ωM of cardinality κ which are nonisomorphic by obvious reasons. We state and prove Theorem 1 separately in order to give an easy example of our principal tool: the use of automorphisms instead of indiscernibles (see §2).
Multivariate Multiscale Dispersion Entropy of Biomedical Times Series

Due to the non-linearity of numerous physiological recordings, non-linear analysis of multi-channel signals has been extensively used in biomedical engineering and neuroscience. Multivariate multiscale sample entropy (MSE–mvMSE) is a popular non-linear metric to quantify the irregularity of multi-channel time series. However, mvMSE has two main drawbacks: (1) the entropy values obtained by the original algorithm of mvMSE are either undefined or unreliable for short signals (300 sample points); and (2) the computation of mvMSE for signals with a large number of channels requires the storage of a huge number of elements. To deal with these problems and improve the stability of mvMSE, we introduce multivariate multiscale dispersion entropy (MDE–mvMDE), as an extension of our recently developed MDE, to quantify the complexity of multivariate time series. We assess mvMDE, in comparison with the state-of-the-art and most widespread multivariate approaches, namely, mvMSE and multivariate multiscale fuzzy entropy (mvMFE), on multi-channel noise signals, bivariate autoregressive processes, and three biomedical datasets. The results show that mvMDE takes into account dependencies in patterns across both the time and spatial domains. The mvMDE, mvMSE, and mvMFE methods are consistent in that they lead to similar conclusions about the underlying physiological conditions. However, the proposed mvMDE discriminates various physiological states of the biomedical recordings better than mvMSE and mvMFE. In addition, for both the short and long time series, the mvMDE-based results are noticeably more stable than the mvMSE- and mvMFE-based ones. For short multivariate time series, mvMDE, unlike mvMSE, does not result in undefined values. Furthermore, mvMDE is faster than mvMFE and mvMSE and also needs to store a considerably smaller number of elements. Due to its ability to detect different kinds of dynamics of multivariate signals, mvMDE has great potential to analyse various signals.
Using Log-Linear Models to Analyze the Use of Hedonic Information Technologies on Corporate Websites

The Internet allows combining various multimedia applications in order to create a holistic online experience. Companies integrate utilitarian and hedonic elements in their Websites in order to improve their overall effectiveness and efficiency. In this exploratory research paper we present the results of a longitudinal study, in which we analyze the use of four different hedonic information technologies (wallpapers/screensavers, e-cards, sweepstakes, online games) on corporate websites. We differentiate between sites which offer high and low involvement products. We use log-linear models to visualize our results and to show which combinations of hedonic instruments are most popular over time. Our results show that in general companies have reduced the application of hedonic instruments over time while simultaneously specific combinations of instruments have become quite popular.
Growth restriction and gender influence cerebral oxygenation in preterm neonates

Objective To investigate the effect of fetal growth restriction and gender on cerebral oxygenation in preterm neonates during the first 3 days of life. Design Case–control study. Setting Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, The Netherlands. Patients 68 (41 males) small for gestational age (SGA) (birth weight <10th percentile) and 136 (82 males) appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (birth weight 20th–80th percentile) neonates, matched for gender, gestational age, ventilatory and blood pressure support. Methods Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy throughout the first 72 h of life were compared between SGA and AGA neonates. The effect of gender was also explored within these comparisons. Results SGA neonates demonstrated higher rScO2 (71% SEM 0.2 vs 68% SEM 0.2) and lower cFTOE (0.25 SEM 0.002 vs 0.29 SEM 0.002) than AGA neonates. There was an independent effect of gender on rScO2 and cFTOE, resulting in the finding that SGA males displayed highest rScO2 and lowest cFTOE (73% SEM 0.3 respectively 0.24 SEM 0.003). AGA males and SGA females showed comparable rScO2 (69% SEM 0.2 vs 69% SEM 0.4) and cFTOE (0.28 SEM 0.002 vs 0.28 SEM 0.004). AGA females showed lowest rScO2 and highest cFTOE (66% SEM 0.2 respectively 0.30 SEM 0.002). Conclusions Growth restriction and gender influence cerebral oxygenation and oxygen extraction in preterm neonates throughout the first 3 days of life.
Legal Protection of the Legitimate Buyer of Rights over Land Acting in Good Faith

In 2009 land office of Malang city has issued certificates of land number 174,078 fields with an area of 71,862,761 m 2 and certificate of ownership flats in a number 1,075 of fields. Amount of land rights has been certified has increased from year to year, it is proving public awareness of the importance of land registration in order to achieve legal certainty and legal protection has increased. However, increasing public awareness of the land registration does not affect the existing land problems in society. Cases relating to land are still a lot going on. BPN based on the data; there are approximately 13,000 cases of land or a land dispute in Indonesia unresolved. Until the period of January - June 2011, approximately 1,333 new cases of 14,337 cases that could be solved. The cases above indicate that the purpose of land registration in the UUPA and PP 24/1997 has not been fully achieved. People still do not get the legal protection of their land rights.
Ages of Onset of Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Fragile X Premutation Carriers.

OBJECTIVE FMR1 premutation carriers of both genders have a high lifetime prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders, however little is known regarding the onset ages of these conditions. This study compared onset ages of mood and anxiety disorders in premutation carriers with typical onset ages of the same disorders in the general population. METHODS Eighty-one premutation carriers (42% men; average age 62, SD 10) with and without FXTAS completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR. Onset ages of mood and anxiety disorders were compared to the corresponding typical population onset ages using the signed rank test. RESULTS Overall median onset ages of MDD (46 years old, p < 0.0001), panic disorder (40 years old, p = 0.0067), and specific phobia (11.5 years old, p = 0.0003) were significantly higher in premutation carriers compared to the general population. Median MDD onset ages in male carriers (52 years old) and those with FXTAS (49.5 years old) were significantly higher relative to the general population (median 32, both p < 0.0001). Tremor and ataxia emerged significantly later than MDD and the anxiety disorders studied. CONCLUSION Depressive and anxiety disorders in premutation carriers have a later onset compared to the general population, but precede the onset of motor symptoms. This may be due to progressive mRNA toxicity in the limbic system, white matter changes leading to neuronal dysconnectivity, and interaction with environmental factors. Psychosocial factors may be protective. Further research is needed to understand the full spectrum of psychiatric phenotypes in FMR1 premutation carriers.
Specific Learning Disabilities and Psychiatric Comorbidities in School Children in South India

Background: Specific learning disabilities (SLDs) are an important cause of academic underachievement in children and are also associated with comorbidities like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which further have an impact on the child's education. Aims: To estimate the prevalence and psychosocial profile and psychiatric comorbidities in children with SLD in two settings, i.e., on special (remedial) education and schools and to compare the findings with normal children. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in schools situated in urban and semi-urban areas and special education schools. A total of 96 children were chosen for the study. After taking informed consent from the parents, the details about socioeconomic status, family, developmental history, and school history of the children were collected on a semi-structured pro forma and then the children were screened for SLD. They were administered colored/standard progressive matrices and Malin's intelligence scale for assessing their intelligence quotient and NIMHANS SLD index and developmental psychopathology checklist to study psychopathology. Chi-square test and ANOVA were done. Results: The prevalence of SLD in schools is found out to be 6.6%. There was a significant association with prematurity, cesarean section, delayed speech, and family history of SLD. Among comorbidities of SLD, association with ADHD alone has been found to be significant. Conclusion: The most common type of SLD is combined type comorbid with ADHD. There is a need for early identification of learning disabilities in schools so that with early recognition and remedial intervention children can be helped with to cope with studies.
Overreporting of Deaths From Coronary Heart Disease in New York City Hospitals, 2003

Introduction New York City has one of the highest reported death rates from coronary heart disease in the United States. We sought to measure the accuracy of this rate by examining death certificates. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional validation study by using a random sample of death certificates that recorded in-hospital deaths in New York City from January through June 2003, stratified by neighborhoods with low, medium, and high coronary heart disease death rates. We abstracted data from hospital records, and an independent, blinded medical team reviewed these data to validate cause of death. We computed a comparability ratio (coronary heart disease deaths recorded on death certificates divided by validated coronary heart disease deaths) to quantify agreement between death certificate determination and clinical judgment. Results Of 491 sampled death certificates for in-hospital deaths, medical charts were abstracted and reviewed by the expert panel for 444 (90%). The comparability ratio for coronary heart disease deaths among decedents aged 35 to 74 years was 1.51, indicating that death certificates overestimated coronary heart disease deaths in this age group by 51%. The comparability ratio increased with age to 1.94 for decedents aged 75 to 84 years and to 2.37 for decedents aged 85 years or older. Conclusion Coronary heart disease appears to be substantially overreported as a cause of death in New York City among in-hospital deaths.