Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A speckle-based approach to compressive hyperspectral imaging

Incorporating wavelength information into a monochrome image is of great interest for imaging spectroscopy. Here, we show that by exploiting the properties of multiple scattering materials, we can encode spectral information in a CMOS image, where the spectral resolution obtained is only limited by the scattering strength of the material. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate this technique using a thin multiple scattering layer of gallium phosphide nanowires and a microlens array. We achieve a spectral resolution of approximately 4 nm and a reconstructed image containing 64 pixels. We demonstrate that a computational technique which is commonly used in compressive sensing can be used to reconstruct both sparse and dense spectra, when undersampling and oversampling a signal, respectively. This method provides an ultra-compact solution to obtaining both spatial and spectral information in one measurement, for potential use in portable spectroscopy.
Linear Regression With Shuffled Data: Statistical and Computational Limits of Permutation Recovery

Consider a noisy linear observation model with an unknown permutation, based on observing <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y = \Pi ^{*} A x^{*} + w$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x^{*} \in {\mathbb {R}} ^{d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is an unknown vector, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Pi ^{*}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is an unknown <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n \times n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> permutation matrix, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$w \in {\mathbb {R}} ^{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is additive Gaussian noise. We analyze the problem of permutation recovery in a random design setting in which the entries of matrix <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are drawn independently from a standard Gaussian distribution and establish sharp conditions on the signal-to-noise ratio, sample size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and dimension <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula> under which <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Pi ^{*}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is exactly and approximately recoverable. On the computational front, we show that the maximum likelihood estimate of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Pi ^{*}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is NP-hard to compute for general <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, while also providing a polynomial time algorithm when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d =1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Plasma Membrane Aquaporins Play a Significant Role during Recovery from Water Deficit1

The role of plasma membrane aquaporins (PIPs) in water relations of Arabidopsis was studied by examining plants with reduced expression of PIP1 and PIP2 aquaporins, produced by crossing two different antisense lines. Compared with controls, the double antisense (dAS) plants had reduced amounts of PIP1 and PIP2 aquaporins, and the osmotic hydraulic conductivity of isolated root and leaf protoplasts was reduced 5- to 30-fold. The dAS plants had a 3-fold decrease in the root hydraulic conductivity expressed on a root dry mass basis, but a compensating 2.5-fold increase in the root to leaf dry mass ratio. The leaf hydraulic conductance expressed on a leaf area basis was similar for the dAS compared with the control plants. As a result, the hydraulic conductance of the whole plant was unchanged. Under sufficient and under water-deficient conditions, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, plant hydraulic conductance, leaf water potential, osmotic pressure, and turgor pressure were similar for the dAS compared with the control plants. However, after 4 d of rewatering following 8 d of drying, the control plants recovered their hydraulic conductance and their transpiration rates faster than the dAS plants. Moreover, after rewatering, the leaf water potential was significantly higher for the control than for the dAS plants. From these results, we conclude that the PIPs play an important role in the recovery of Arabidopsis from the water-deficient condition.
SmartShuttle: Optimizing off-chip memory accesses for deep learning accelerators

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) accelerators are rapidly growing in popularity as a promising solution for deep learning based applications. Though optimizations on computation have been intensively studied, the energy efficiency of such accelerators remains limited by off-chip memory accesses since their energy cost is magnitudes higher than other operations. Minimizing off-chip memory access volume, therefore, is the key to further improving energy efficiency. However, we observed that sticking to minimizing the accesses of one data type as many prior work did cannot fit the varying shapes of convolutional layers in CNNs. Hence, there exists a dilemma of minimizing the accesses of which data type. To overcome the problem, this paper proposed an adaptive layer partitioning and scheduling scheme, called SmartShuttle, to minimize off-chip memory accesses for CNN accelerators. Smartshuttle can adaptively switch among different data reuse schemes and the corresponding tiling factor settings to dynamically match different convolutional layers. Moreover, SmartShuttle thoroughly investigates the impact of data reusability and sparsity on the memory access volume. The experimental results show that SmartShuttle processes the convolutional layers at 434.8 multiply and accumulations (MACs)/DRAM access for VGG16 (batch size = 3), and 526.3 MACs/DRAM access for AlexNet (batch size = 4), which outperforms the state-of-the-art approach (Eyeriss) by 52.2% and 52.6%, respectively.
Evaluating a Web-Based Self-Management Intervention in Heart Failure Patients: A Pilot Study

Background Web-based interventions may have the potential to support self-care in patients with chronic disease, yet little is known about the feasibility of Web-based interventions in patients with heart failure (HF). Objective The objective of our study was to develop and pilot a Web-based self-care intervention for patients with HF. Methods Following development and pretesting, we pilot tested a Web-based self-care intervention using a randomized controlled design. A total of 28 participants completed validated measures of HF knowledge, self-care, and self-efficacy at baseline and 1-month follow-up. Results Change scores and effect size estimates showed that the mean differences in HF knowledge (d=0.06), self-care (d=0.32), and self-efficacy (d=0.37) were small. Despite email reminders, 7 of 14 participants (50%) of the sample accessed the site daily and 4 of 14 (28%) had no record of access. Conclusions Larger randomized controlled trials are needed that attend to all sources of self-efficacy and include more comprehensive educational tools to improve patient outcomes.
Distributed Primary and Secondary Power Sharing in a Droop-Controlled LVDC Microgrid With Merged AC and DC Characteristics

In an ac microgrid, a common frequency exists for coordinating active power sharing among droop-controlled sources. A common frequency is absent in a dc microgrid, leaving only the dc source voltages for coordinating active power sharing. That causes sharing error and poorer voltage regulation in dc microgrids, which in most cases, are solved by a secondary control layer reinforced by an extensive communication network. To avoid such an infrastructure and its accompanied complications, this paper proposes an alternative droop scheme for low-voltage dc microgrid with both primary power sharing and secondary voltage regulation merged. The main idea is to introduce a non-zero unifying frequency and a second power term to each dc source by modulating its converter with both a dc and a small ac signal. Two droop expressions can then be written for the proposed scheme, instead of the single expression found in the conventional droop scheme. The first expression is for regulating the ac frequency and active power generated, while the second is for relating the dc voltage to the second power term. The outcomes are better active power sharing and average voltage regulation in the dc microgrid, coordinated by the common injected ac frequency. These expectations have been validated by results obtained from simulations.
Novel therapies for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Part 2. Addressing the incretin defect in the clinical setting in 2013 (新型2型糖尿病治疗药物：第2部分. 2013年临床上针对肠促胰岛素缺陷的治疗药物)

The present short review summarizes and updates clinical experience with two classes of drugs introduced for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus over the past 8 years: (i) the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists; and (ii) the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors. Both classes of agents address the so called “incretin defect” in patients with T2DM.
Spinal anesthesia in infants and children: A one year prospective audit

Context and Aims: Spinal anesthesia though gaining popularity in children, the misconceptions regarding its safety and feasibility can be better known with greater use and experience. The objective of this study was to evaluate the success rate, complications and hemodynamic stability related to pediatric spinal anesthesia. Materials and Methods: In this 1-year prospective study, 102 pediatric patients aged 6 months to 14 years undergoing infraumbilical and lower extremity surgery were included. Spinal anesthesia was administered using hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg (for child < 5 kg), 0.4 mg/kg (for 5-15 kg), 0.3 mg/kg (for >15 kg) in L4-L5 space under all aseptic precautions after sedation. Demographic data, vital parameters, supplemental sedation, number of attempts for lumbar puncture, sensory-motor block characteristics, and complications were noted. Results: Spinal anesthesia was successful in 98 (97.1%) patients. Remaining 4 (3.9%) were failures and were given general anesthesia. Lumbar puncture was successful in first attempt (60 [58.82%]) or 2nd attempt (42 [41.18%]). There was no significant change in vital parameters. Mean peak sensory level was T 6.35 ± 1.20 (T4-T8). Mean sensory level at the end of surgery was T 8.11 ± 1.42 (T6-T10). Modified Bromage score was 3 in 98 (96.08%) patients. Sensory and motor block recovery was complete in all patients. Mean time to two segment regression was 43.97 ± 10.72 (30-70) min. Mean time to return Bromage score to 0 was 111.95 ± 20.54 (70-160). Mean duration of surgery was 52.5 ± 16.056 (25-95) min. Incidence of complications was minimal with hypotension occurring in 2 (2%) and shivering in 3 (2.9%) patients. Conclusion: Pediatric spinal anesthesia is a safe and effective anesthetic technique for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries of shorter duration (<90 min) with high success rate. Owing to, its early motor recovery, it can be a preferred technique for day case surgeries in the pediatric population.
Severity of Yin deficiency syndrome and autonomic nervous system function in cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the distribution of symptoms related to Yin deficiency syndrome (YDS), and to analyze the relationship between the severity of YDS and the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in cancer patients. SETTING Outpatient clinic in a teaching hospital in central Taiwan. SUBJECTS Eighty (80) patients had been diagnosed with cancer by pathologic and clinical findings. METHOD The severity of YDS in each subject was evaluated by a questionnaire consisting of 12 items concerning symptoms and signs related to YDS, scored from 1 to 4 points. OUTCOME MEASURES The total score for all 12 items represented the severity of YDS. ANS function in each subject was evaluated by measuring heart rate variability (HRV), including time-frequency analysis. We coded the collected questionnaire material and performed statistical analysis (description analysis, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients) using SPSS v.12. 0 software. RESULTS The highest total YDS score was 36 points and the lowest was 10 points. The 3 most common YDS signs were dry mouth (58.8%), sleeplessness with annoyance (56.3%), and flush over face in the afternoon (22.5%). The total YDS scores had a significantly positive correlation with heart rate (HR), but had significantly negative correlation with the standard deviation of the 5-minute mean R-R intervals (SDANN), total HRV power, power in the very low frequency band, and in the low frequency band. CONCLUSIONS The above results suggest that the severity of YDS in cancer patients was associated with increased HR and decreased ANS activity. There is a possibility that the disturbance of ANS function may contribute to the occurrence of YDS in cancer patients.
Viral Epidemics in a Cell Culture: Novel High Resolution Data and Their Interpretation by a Percolation Theory Based Model

Because of its relevance to everyday life, the spreading of viral infections has been of central interest in a variety of scientific communities involved in fighting, preventing and theoretically interpreting epidemic processes. Recent large scale observations have resulted in major discoveries concerning the overall features of the spreading process in systems with highly mobile susceptible units, but virtually no data are available about observations of infection spreading for a very large number of immobile units. Here we present the first detailed quantitative documentation of percolation-type viral epidemics in a highly reproducible in vitro system consisting of tens of thousands of virtually motionless cells. We use a confluent astroglial monolayer in a Petri dish and induce productive infection in a limited number of cells with a genetically modified herpesvirus strain. This approach allows extreme high resolution tracking of the spatio-temporal development of the epidemic. We show that a simple model is capable of reproducing the basic features of our observations, i.e., the observed behaviour is likely to be applicable to many different kinds of systems. Statistical physics inspired approaches to our data, such as fractal dimension of the infected clusters as well as their size distribution, seem to fit into a percolation theory based interpretation. We suggest that our observations may be used to model epidemics in more complex systems, which are difficult to study in isolation.
Computing on data streams

In this paper we study the space requirement of algorithms that make only one (or a small number of) pass(es) over the input data. We study such algorithms under a model of data streams that we introduce here. We give a number of upper and lower bounds for problems stemming from queryprocessing, invoking in the process tools from the area of communication complexity.
Glucocorticoids reduce renal NHE8 expression

The proximal tubule reabsorbs most of the filtered bicarbonate which is mediated in large part by Na+/H+ exchange (NHE). We have previously demonstrated that there is an isoform switch during postnatal maturation from NHE8 to NHE3 that is concordant with the postnatal increase in serum glucocorticoid levels. To examine if glucocorticoids may be responsible for this isoform switch, we administered dexamethasone daily to mice at 7–10 days of age, a time prior to the normal isoform switch. We show that compared to vehicle‐treated controls, dexamethasone caused a premature increase in renal NHE3 and decrease in NHE8 mRNA, total protein, and brush border membrane protein abundance. To examine if there was a direct epithelial action of dexamethasone on NHE8, we studied normal rat kidney (NRK) cells in vitro which express NHE8 on their apical membrane. Dexamethasone decreased NHE8 mRNA, total protein, and apical protein abundance. Dexamethasone also decreased Na+/H+ exchanger activity. These studies provide evidence that glucocorticoids may play a role in the developmental isoform switch from NHE8 to NHE3 and cause a decrease in NHE8 expression and activity.
DISPERSION OF FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) AT HIGH AND LOW DENSITIES AND CONSEQUENCES OF MISMATCHING DISPERSIONS OF WILD AND STERILE FLIES

Abstract Both wild and released (sterile) Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and wild Bactrocera papayae (Drew and Hancock) in Australia had patchy distributions and comparisons with predictions of the negative binomial model indicated that the degree of clumping was sometimes very high, particularly at low densities during eradication. An increase of mean recapture rate of sterile B. tryoni on either of 2 trap arrays was not accompanied by a reduction in its coefficient of variation and when recapture rates were high, the percentage of traps catching zero decreased only slightly with increase in recapture rate, indicating that it is not practicable to decrease the heterogeneity of dispersion of sterile flies by increasing the number released. There was often a mismatch between the dispersion patterns of the wild and sterile flies, and the implications of this for the efficiency of the sterile insect technique (SIT) were investigated with a simulation study with the observed degrees of mismatch obtained from the monitoring data and assuming the overall ratio of sterile to wild flies to be 100:1. The simulation indicated that mismatches could result in the imposed rate of increase of wild flies being up to 3.5 times higher than that intended (i.e., 0.35 instead of 0.1). The effect of a mismatch always reduces the efficiency of SIT. The reason for this asymmetry is discussed and a comparison made with host-parasitoid and other systems. A release strategy to counter this effect is suggested.
The Efficacy of Omega–3 Fatty Acids on Cognitive Function in Aging and Dementia: A Systematic Review

We systematically reviewed the published literature on the effects of omega–3 fatty acids on measures of cognitive function in normal aging, incidence and treatment of dementia. Computerized databases were searched for published literature to identify potentially relevant studies with the intent to conduct a meta-analysis. We screened 5,865 titles, reviewed 497 studies of which 49 underwent a detailed review, and found 5 studies that pertained to our objectives. We included controlled clinical trials and observational studies, including prospective cohort, case-control, and case series designs; we excluded case reports. We had no language restrictions. We abstracted data on the effects of omega–3 fatty acids and on study design, relevant outcomes, study population, source, type, amount, and duration of omega–3 fatty acid consumption, and parameters of methodological quality. A single cohort study has assessed the effects of omega–3 fatty acids on cognitive function with normal aging and found no association for fish or total omega–3 consumption. In four studies that assessed the effects of omega–3 fatty acids on incidence and treatment of dementia, a trend in favor of omega–3 fatty acids (fish and total omega–3 consumption) toward reducing risk of dementia and improving cognitive function was reported. The available data are insufficient to draw strong conclusions about the effects of omega–3 fatty acids on cognitive function in normal aging or on the incidence or treatment of dementia. However, limited evidence suggests a possible association between omega–3 fatty acids and reduced risk of dementia.
Optimization of Conjunctive Predicates for Main Memory Column Stores

Optimization of queries with conjunctive predicates for main memory databases remains a challenging task. The traditional way of optimizing this class of queries relies on predicate ordering based on selectivities or ranks. However, the optimization of queries with conjunctive predicates is a much more challenging task, requiring a holistic approach in view of (1) an accurate cost model that is aware of CPU architectural characteristics such as branch (mis)prediction, (2) a storage layer, allowing for a streamlined query execution, (3) a common subexpression elimination technique, minimizing column access costs, and (4) an optimization algorithm able to pick the optimal plan even in presence of a small (bounded) estimation error. In this work, we embrace the holistic approach, and show its superiority experimentally. Current approaches typically base their optimization algorithms on at least one of two assumptions: (1) the predicate selectivities are assumed to be independent, (2) the predicate costs are assumed to be constant. Our approach is not based on these assumptions, as they in general do not hold.
Arginine Vasopressin and Copeptin in Perinatology

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a major role in the homeostasis of fluid balance, vascular tonus, and the regulation of the endocrine stress response. The measurement of AVP levels is difficult due to its short half-life and laborious method of detection. Copeptin is a more stable peptide derived from the same precursor molecule, is released in an equimolar ratio to AVP, and has a very similar response to osmotic, hemodynamic, and stress-related stimuli. In fact, copeptin has been propagated as surrogate marker to indirectly determine circulating AVP concentrations in various conditions. Here, we present an overview of the current knowledge on AVP and copeptin in perinatology with a particular focus on the baby’s transition from placenta to lung breathing. We performed a systematic review of the literature on fetal stress hormone levels, including norepinephrine, cortisol, AVP, and copeptin, in regard to birth stress. Finally, diagnostic and therapeutic options for copeptin measurement and AVP functions are discussed.
An integrative review of nurses' prosocial behaviours contributing to work environment optimization, organizational performance and quality of care

AIM To rigorously review the literature on the prosocial workplace behaviours of nurses. BACKGROUND Prosocial workplace behaviours, predominantly organisational citizenship behaviours have been theoretically and empirically found to promote individual and group level performance in various industries. However, little consensus exists in the literature regarding the impact of nurses' workplace behaviours on the work environment and organisational performance. EVALUATION An integrative literature review was conducted on studies between 1980 and 2016. Nineteen articles were included related to nurses' prosocial behaviours and performance. RESULTS A positive relationship was noted between workplace behaviours and individual level performance and unit level performance. Albeit multifactorial, leadership and the social structure of the work environment are important factors contributing to the workplace behaviour-performance relationship. CONCLUSIONS Prosocial behaviours influence the social functioning of the work environment and offer insights into the delivery of quality care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse managers should recognize the influence of leadership style and characteristics in the work environment that encourage employee participation in prosocial behaviours. These additional voluntary efforts by nursing staff may improve organisational effectiveness and quality of care. Inclusion of these behaviours in performance reviews and as cultural norms may help to foster a more collaborative work environment.
Exploiting Semantics in Neural Machine Translation with Graph Convolutional Networks

Semantic representations have long been argued as potentially useful for enforcing meaning preservation and improving generalization performance of machine translation methods. In this work, we are the first to incorporate information about predicate-argument structure of source sentences (namely, semantic-role representations) into neural machine translation. We use Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) to inject a semantic bias into sentence encoders and achieve improvements in BLEU scores over the linguistic-agnostic and syntax-aware versions on the English–German language pair.