Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Onset and maturation of fetal heart rate response to the mother’s voice over late gestation.

BACKGROUND Term fetuses discriminate their mother’s voice from a female stranger’s, suggesting recognition/learning of some property of her voice. Identification of the onset and maturation of the response would increase our understanding of the influence of environmental sounds on the development of sensory abilities and identify the period when speech and language might influence auditory processing. AIM To characterize the onset and maturation of fetal heart rate response to the mother’s voice. METHODS 143 fetuses from 29 to 40 weeks gestational age (GA) received a standardized protocol: no-sound pre-voice baseline (2 min), audio recording of their mother reading a story (2 min), no-sound post-voice (2 min). The voice was delivered 10 cm above the maternal abdomen at an average of 95 dB A; heart rate was recorded continuously. RESULTS For data analyses, fetuses were categorized into four age groups: 29–31, 32–34, 35–37, and > 37 weeks GA. Onset of response to the mother’s voice occurred at 32–34 weeks GA. From 32 to 37 weeks GA, there was an initial heart rate decrease followed by an increase. At term, there was a response shift to an initial heart rate increase. The percentage of fetuses responding increased over gestation from 46% at 32–34 weeks GA to 83% at term. CONCLUSION A relatively long latency and sustained duration of the heart rate response suggest auditory processing, the formation of neural networks, above the level of the brainstem.
And the Winner Is: Inviting Hollywood into the Neuroscience Classroom

Both short excerpts from, and full-length presentation of feature films have been used with success in undergraduate instruction. Studies of such use of films has revealed that incorporation of film viewing within courses can promote both content mastery and the development of critical thinking skills. This article discusses and provides examples of successful use of two methods that may be used to incorporate a variety of full-length feature films into neuroscience instruction. One, the “neuro-cinema” pairs the presentation of a film featuring extensive neuroscience content with primary literature reading assignments, group discussion and writing exercises. The second, a neuroscience film series, features group discussion of movies of perhaps more limited relevance to neuroscience. An additional goal of this article is provide the reader with initial resources for the selection of potential film titles for use in neuroscience education. Three extensive tables are included to provide a wide range of title suggestions appropriate for use in activities such as the neuro-cinema, the neuroscience film series, or for more limited use as short “clips” in classroom instruction.
Sex Differences in Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendations for Antisocial Personality and Somatization Disorders

This study investigated the influence of patient sex on clinicians' diagnostic and treatment decisions for two disorders, antisocial personality and somatization disorder. These disorders have substantial differences in prevalence rates for females and males. One hundred-nineteen licensed clinical psychologists each received case histories depicting antisocial personality and somatization disorders. Half of the subjects received cases describing females; half received cases describing males. The clinicians were less likely to diagnose antisocial personality correctly for female than for male patients. Patient sex did not influence correct diagnosis of somatization disorder. Across diagnoses, females received more favorable prognoses, recommendations for lengthier treatment, and stronger endorsements for nondirective therapy. Males were recommended more strongly for group therapy. Clinicians were more likely to recommend individual psychotherapy, nondirective therapy, and an insight-oriented approach for w.
Review of mifamurtide in the treatment of patients with osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone. The disease, however, is very rare with less than 2,000 expected patients at all age groups per year within the European Union and the United States of America. With multimodal therapy, which combines multiagent chemotherapy and complete resection of all macroscopically detectable tumors, about 60%–70% of patients with localized osteosarcoma can be cured. The prognosis, however, is still poor for patients with synchronous or metachronous metastatic or nonresectable primary disease, with reported 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rates of less than 30%. Overall, the EFS rate has been rather stable since the introduction of combination chemotherapy including doxorubicin, cisplatin, high-dose methotrexate with leukovorin rescue, and/or ifosfamide. Mifamurtide, a modulator of innate immunity, which activates macrophages and monocytes, which in turn release chemicals with potential tumoricidal effects, may help to control microscopic metastatic disease and has been safely given together with standard adjuvant chemotherapy to patients with high-grade osteosarcoma. Results of the recently published intergroup study 0133 trial from the Children’s Cancer and Pediatric Oncology Groups suggest that mifamurtide is a medicine that deserves further investigation in this orphan disease.
Reactance Theory: A Test with Collegiate Drinking

Reactance theory suggests that attempting to prevent alcohol consumption among underage college students will create reactance motivation and lead to increased drinking among such students. Since July of 1987, it has been illegal throughout the USA for those under 21 yr. of age to purchase alcohol. In a national sample of 3,375 college students during the 1987–1988 academic year, significantly more underage students were found to drink. This relationship is in marked contrast to the pattern documented by research extending back to the early 1950s and is interpreted as supporting reactance theory.
Trauma—Revisited: Ferenczi and Modern Psychoanalysis

The notion of Trauma emerged in all of its importance in Ferenczi’s work. Subsequent papers by Freud and after the Second World War by post-Freudians such as Winnicott, Balint, Klein, Heimann, Fairbairn, Bion, Ogden, and others have become our travelling companions. With reference to scattered remarks in Ferenczi’s (1932) Clinical Diary and in some of his less known works, this account reconstructs the dramatic process of the analysis of Ferenczi’s highly important patient, his colleague “R.N. ” (Elizabeth Severn). It shows how much we can learn from these historical documents and from the experience that underlies them. Comments, remarks and questions take us to the very heart of Ferenczi’s psychoanalytical thinking. They may well provide a stimulus for thinking again about some important topics that have to do with psychoanalysis as it is practiced in contemporary society and the problems of human relationships and emotions in general.
Optimal surgical treatment of breast cancer: Implications for local control and survival

Improvements in the local control of primary breast cancer have been shown to improve long‐term survival. The role of surgical therapy in maximizing local control includes: appropriate patient selection for breast conservation; tumor resection with pathologically free margins; careful staging with sentinel node biopsy; appropriate use of axillary dissection; and meticulous surgical technique to achieve these goals. Each component of surgical therapy has the potential for maximizing local control, and therefore for extending survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:677‐686. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SYNTAX Score Predicts the Left Ventricle Thrombus Development in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for First Anterior Myocardial Infarction

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between left ventricular thrombus (LVT) developments and the SYNTAX score (SS) in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for first anterior wall ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: We enrolled 160 patients. All participants were evaluated by serial transthoracic echocardiography. Baseline clinical, echocardiographic, and procedural features of PPCI were analyzed to find predictors of LVT development. Results: The LVT was detected in 32 (20%) patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and SS-I were found to be independent predictors of LVT development. Receiver–operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a cutoff value >19.5 for SS-I (area under the curve: 0.697, 95% confidence interval 0.620-0.767, P < .001) with a specificity of 45.3% and a sensitivity of 84.3%. Conclusion: High SS which was obtained through diagnostic angiogram of PPCI may be associated with LVT development in patients with first anterior wall STEMI.
Social Class of Men, Women and Families

An increased interest in the social class position of women has followed the increased labour force participation of married women. But if more than one member of a family is assigned a class position independently of the other members, the two basic factors of class position, according to Lockwood, work situation and market situation, do not necessarily coincide, since the work situation relates uniquely to the individual, while the market situation refers to the family or household. It is suggested that work position, based on the occupations of individuals, should be used as an indicator of the work situation, and that class position, based on information about the occupations of those family members who carry the economic responsibility of the household, should be used as the indicator of the market situation. A way for ascribing a class position to families, and thereby to family members, is developed. It utilizes the work positions of both spouses and is based on an order of dominance, where occupations high in this order are presumed to influence the market situation of the family more than occupations of lower levels. Class positions of single individuals or families are thought to be rather stable over time. Although women are shown to have looser attachments to the labour market, we do not find more intragenerational mobility among women than among men, neither in terms of work position nor in terms of class.
Women's Work: The Role of Grandparents in Inter-Generational Transfers

This article surveys the role of grandparents in providing a continuing level of material support in 61 households with dependent children in an inner city area. It concludes that assistance is structured by gender, income level, household financial organisation, residential proximity, need and ideology. In terms of the provision of continuing support to households with young children, grandparents are important but grandmothers give more assistance than grandfathers and they direct it where it is most needed. It is important for grandmothers to have access to paid work. The ideology of assistance is differentiated by class. In professional families the married couple is the unit of transfer but for working class families the solidarity of female relatives, in particular, of daughters and mothers and mothers-in-law, is more important.
Retinal Identification Based on an Improved Circular Gabor Filter and Scale Invariant Feature Transform

Retinal identification based on retinal vasculatures in the retina provides the most secure and accurate means of authentication among biometrics and has primarily been used in combination with access control systems at high security facilities. Recently, there has been much interest in retina identification. As digital retina images always suffer from deformations, the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), which is known for its distinctiveness and invariance for scale and rotation, has been introduced to retinal based identification. However, some shortcomings like the difficulty of feature extraction and mismatching exist in SIFT-based identification. To solve these problems, a novel preprocessing method based on the Improved Circular Gabor Transform (ICGF) is proposed. After further processing by the iterated spatial anisotropic smooth method, the number of uninformative SIFT keypoints is decreased dramatically. Tested on the VARIA and eight simulated retina databases combining rotation and scaling, the developed method presents promising results and shows robustness to rotations and scale changes.
Forms of present time orientation and satisfaction with life in the context of attitudes toward past and future

The relationships between forms of present time orientation (active concentration, hedonism, and fatalism) and satisfaction with life were examined. Data from 320 participants on time orientation measures and two satisfaction with life measures were analyzed using regression and canonical analyses. Unlike hedonism and fatalism, active present time orientation was associated with greater satisfaction with life and with more effective achievement of goals.
Restoration of Central Blood Volume: Application of a Simple Concept and a Simple Device to Counteract Cardiovascular Instability in Syncope and Hemorrhage

Abstract : The inability to tolerate upright standing posture due to development of severe orthostatic hypotension and syncope is a clinical problem that has plagued astronauts and military personnel in their austere operational environments as well as millions of people worldwide. More critically, hemorrhagic shock remains a leading cause of death in both civilian and battlefield trauma. Central hypovolemia and cardiovascular collapse (insufficiency) are the common features shared by syncope and hemorrhagic shock. It is therefore clear that the development of an effective countermeasure against the onset of syncope or hemorrhagic shock should focus on the simple concept of functionally restoring central blood volume. Although replacing blood or fluids may be beneficial in a clinical setting, it can prove impossible in operational settings such as a spacecraft and battlefields.
Development of Zinc Finger Domains for Recognition of the 5′-ANN-3′ Family of DNA Sequences and Their Use in the Construction of Artificial Transcription Factors*

In previous studies we have developed Cys2-His2 zinc finger domains that specifically recognized each of the 16 5′-GNN-3′ DNA target sequences and could be used to assemble six-finger proteins that bind 18-base pair DNA sequences (Beerli, R. R., Dreier, B., and Barbas, C. F., III (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97, 1495–1500). Such proteins provide the basis for the construction of artificial transcription factors to study gene/function relationships in the post-genomic era. Central to the universal application of this approach is the development of zinc finger domains that specifically recognize each of the 64 possible DNA triplets. Here we describe the construction of a novel phage display library that enables the selection of zinc finger domains recognizing the 5′-ANN-3′ family of DNA sequences. Library selections provided domains that in most cases showed binding specificity for the 3-base pair target site that they were selected to bind. These zinc finger domains were used to construct 6-finger proteins that specifically bound their 18-base pair target site with affinities in the pm to low nm range. When fused to regulatory domains, these proteins containing various numbers of 5′-ANN-3′ domains were capable of specific transcriptional regulation of a reporter gene and the endogenous humanERBB-2 and ERBB-3 genes. These results suggest that modular DNA recognition by zinc finger domains is not limited to the 5′-GNN-3′ family of DNA sequences and can be extended to the 5′-ANN-3′ family. The domains characterized in this work provide for the rapid construction of artificial transcription factors, thereby greatly increasing the number of sequences and genes that can be targeted by DNA-binding proteins built from pre-defined zinc finger domains.
Issues Related to HIV Stigma in Nepal

ABSTRACT We conducted a qualitative study to understand and describe experiences of people living with HIV and AIDS with regard to HIV-associated stigma in Nepal. The study has revealed four key themes associated with HIV stigma: a hierarchy of stigma (sexual transmission and women stigmatized more than injecting-drug transmission and men); exclusion and rejection (denial of care services, rejection from family); death as a form of punishment (untimely death is seen as a punishment for something done wrong in the past); and Mumbaiya disease (caught from working in “other places”). Cultural contexts are the best ways to understand HIV stigma in Nepal along with socially and culturally established gender roles. This study has confirmed that stigma manifests at different levels: individual, social, and structural, with denial and rejection being a key mechanism of stigma.
Neuroendocrine and Sympathoadrenal Response to Thermal Trauma

Abstract : The previous chapters have described many alterations in secreted hormones and metabolic processes that occur for weeks to months after major burn injury. Interpretation of these alterations can be bewildering; however, many of the findings can be simplified and/or unified to a certain extent if they are viewed as part of an overall alteration in central nervous system (CNS) function characterized by modified control settings.
Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing Predicts Incidence of Diabetes

OBJECTIVE—To examine the relationship of retinal vascular caliber to incident diabetes in a population-based cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study recruited adults aged 25+ years across Australia in 1999–2000, with a follow-up 5 years later in 2004–2005. Participants' glycemic status was classified using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h oral glucose tolerance (2-h plasma glucose [2hPG]) tests. Diabetes was diagnosed if FPG was ≥7.0 mmol/l or 2hPG was ≥11.1 mmol/l. Retinal vascular caliber was measured from baseline retinal photographs using a computer-assisted program. RESULTS—Of the 803 participants without diabetes at baseline, 108 (13.4%) developed diabetes at follow-up: 7 (2.8%) of 246 participants with normal glucose tolerance, 9 (13.6%) of 66 participants with impaired fasting glucose, and 92 (18.7%) of 491 participants with impaired glucose tolerance. After multivariate analysis, participants with narrower retinal arteriolar caliber had a higher risk of diabetes (odds ratio 2.21 [95% CI 1.02–4.80], comparing smallest versus highest arteriolar caliber tertiles, P = 0.04 for trend). There was no association between retinal venular caliber and incident diabetes. CONCLUSIONS—Narrower retinal arteriolar caliber predicted risk of diabetes. These data provide further evidence that microvascular changes may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Employment Pattern Pressure for Pragmatic Change in Universities: Azerbaijan Case Study

This work reflects the results of a student survey and focus‐group discussions and in‐depth interviews with educators and policy practitioners to examine the connections between the higher education system and labour market demands in Azerbaijan. A notion of an Index of Students’ Optimism regarding employment prospects has been introduced in this study. It is found that private university students are much more optimistic about employment opportunities as compared with their public university fellows. Available options are considered for the Azerbaijan state policy modernization in the higher education area that would promote students’ capacity to cope with competitive challenges in the job market.
The Impact of Private Schools on Educational Attainment in the State of São Paulo

This study uses a comprehensive dataset on secondary school students in Brazil to examine the impact of private school enrollment on educational attainment in São Paulo. The results show that private school students (across all levels of tuition) perform better than their public school counterparts on Brazil’s high school exit exam, even after reducing sample selection bias via a variety of propensity score matching models. Ultimately, the author concludes that the significant achievement gains provided by low-fee and high-fee private secondary schools in Brazil strengthen the demand for private schooling despite recent increases in public spending.
Follicular Dendritic Cell-Specific Prion Protein (PrPc) Expression Alone Is Sufficient to Sustain Prion Infection in the Spleen

Prion diseases are characterised by the accumulation of PrPSc, an abnormally folded isoform of the cellular prion protein (PrPC), in affected tissues. Following peripheral exposure high levels of prion-specific PrPSc accumulate first upon follicular dendritic cells (FDC) in lymphoid tissues before spreading to the CNS. Expression of PrPC is mandatory for cells to sustain prion infection and FDC appear to express high levels. However, whether FDC actively replicate prions or simply acquire them from other infected cells is uncertain. In the attempts to-date to establish the role of FDC in prion pathogenesis it was not possible to dissociate the Prnp expression of FDC from that of the nervous system and all other non-haematopoietic lineages. This is important as FDC may simply acquire prions after synthesis by other infected cells. To establish the role of FDC in prion pathogenesis transgenic mice were created in which PrPC expression was specifically “switched on” or “off” only on FDC. We show that PrPC-expression only on FDC is sufficient to sustain prion replication in the spleen. Furthermore, prion replication is blocked in the spleen when PrPC-expression is specifically ablated only on FDC. These data definitively demonstrate that FDC are the essential sites of prion replication in lymphoid tissues. The demonstration that Prnp-ablation only on FDC blocked splenic prion accumulation without apparent consequences for FDC status represents a novel opportunity to prevent neuroinvasion by modulation of PrPC expression on FDC.
A Polytomous Item Response Theory Analysis of Social Physique Anxiety Scale

The present study investigated the social physique anxiety scale’s factor structure and item properties using confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory. An additional aim was to identify differences in response patterns between groups (gender). A large sample of high school students aged 11–15 years (N = 1,529) consisting of n = 562 males and n = 967 females. Confirmatory factor analysis and polytomous item response theory examined the structure of the scale. Items shown to be invariant across were identified using multidimensional differential item functioning methods. Graded response model results showed that item parameters were high with low associated standard errors. Multidimensional differential item functioning results revealed six items are biased in favor of either men (33%) or women (17%). The primary source of differential item functioning related to the item composition, and internal (male) or external (female) frames of reference.
Doing business in the NHS: exploring dentists’ decisions to practise in the public and private sectors

Through discussion of the findings of a national study of general dental practitioners this paper explores the beliefs, values and practices of dentists, the factors that influence their decisions to practise in the public and/or private sectors, and their experiences of making the transition towards increased private practice. In examining particularly their ideological beliefs, attitudes to business and entrepreneurial behaviour, it considers the appropriateness in sociological thinking of the division between perspectives which have perceived professional behaviour as primarily motivated by economic self-interest and occupational control, and those which have considered professional behaviour to be characterised by altruistic values and a public-spirited concern for patient welfare.