Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environment for Development Discussion Paper Series March 2008 EfD DP 08-02 Does Context Matter More for Hypothetical Than for Actual Contributions ? Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment

We investigated the importance of the social context for people’s voluntary contributions to a national park in Costa Rica, using a natural field experiment. Some subjects make actual contributions while others state their hypothetical contribution. Both the degree of anonymity and information provided about the contributions of others influence subject contributions in the hypothesized direction. We found a substantial hypothetical bias with regard to the amount contributed. However, the influence of the social contexts is about the same when the subjects make actual monetary contributions as when they state their hypothetical contributions. Our results have important implications for validity testing of stated preference methods: a comparison between hypothetical and actual behavior should be done for a given social context.
ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION LIMIT FOR KINETIC EQUATIONS WITH DEGENERATE COLLISION FREQUENCY

This paper is devoted to hydrodynamic limits for collisional linear kinetic equations. It is a classical result that under certain conditions on the collision operator, the long time/small mean free path asymptotic behavior of the density of particles can be described by diffusion-type equations. We are interested in situations in which the degeneracy of the collision frequency for small velocities causes this limit to break down. We show that the appropriate asymptotic analysis leads to an anomalous diffusion regime.
Compensating for Dynamic Supply Disruptions: Backup Flexibility Design

by employing the Renyi’s Theorem, we demonstrate that when disruptions are relatively long (if they occur), backing up the suppliers for which the expected wasted backup capacity is minimum provides the best backup exibility design. We also develop easy-to-compute and yet eective indices that (a) guide the supply chain designer in deciding which suppliers to backup, and (b) provide insights into the role of various factors such as inventory holding and shortage costs, purchasing costs, suppliers reliabilities, and product demand distributions in designing backup exibility.
GATA3 Is a Sensitive and Specific Marker of Benign and Malignant Mesonephric Lesions in the Lower Female Genital Tract

GATA3 is a transcription factor critical for embryogenesis, development, and cell differentiation. Recent studies have suggested that GATA3 is a sensitive and relatively specific biomarker for urothelial and breast carcinomas, with most Müllerian carcinomas being negative. We investigated GATA3 expression in mesonephric/Wolffian remnants and tumors in the female genital tract. A western blot was performed to assess specificity for the GATA3 antibody. GATA3 immunohistochemistry was performed on 59 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mesonephric samples, including 17 mesonephric remnants (MR; 11 cervical and 6 fallopian tube), 15 mesonephric hyperplasias, 21 mesonephric carcinomas, and 6 female adnexal tumors of probable Wolffian origin. Thirty conventional endocervical adenocarcinomas (ENDO-CA), 9 gastric-type cervical adenocarcinomas, and 165 endometrial adenocarcinomas (EM-CA) were also evaluated. GATA3 nuclear intensity and extent of staining was evaluated. The western blot revealed GATA3 expression in seminal vesicle and cell lines derived from breast and urothelial carcinomas, but not in other cell lines including ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers. All cervical MRs and mesonephric hyperplasias, 5/6 (83%) fallopian tube MRs, and 20/21 (95%) mesonephric carcinomas were GATA3 positive, although with great variability in both intensity (weak to strong) and extent (1+ to 3+) of staining. Only 1/6 (17%) female adnexal tumors of probable Wolffian origin showed weak multifocal staining. One of 30 (3%) usual-type ENDO-CAs and 3/165 EM-CAs exhibited weak-moderate GATA3 immunoreactivity; all gastric-type cervical adenocarcinomas were negative. GATA3 is a highly sensitive and specific marker for mesonephric lesions in the lower genital tract; however, its utility in the upper genital tract may be more limited. In addition, GATA3 can aid in distinguishing lower genital mesonephric lesions from usual-type and gastric-type ENDO-CAs and uterine EM-CAs.
Clustering of Complex Networks and Community Detection Using Group Search Optimization

Group Search Optimizer(GSO) is one of the best algorithms, is very new in the field of Evolutionary Computing. It is very robust and efficient algorithm, which is inspired by animal searching behaviour. The paper describes an application of GSO to clustering of networks. We have tested GSO against five standard benchmark datasets, GSO algorithm is proved very competitive in terms of accuracy and convergence speed.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES COMPETITION, INNOVATION AND GROWTH WITH LIMITED COMMITMENT

We would like to thank Francesco Caselli, Hugo Hopenhayn, Boyan Jovanovic, Narayana Kocherlachota, Omar Licandro, Michele Boldrin, Stephen Parente and seminar participants at CEMFI, CEPR Macroeconomic Symposium in Cyprus, London School of Economics, ITAM, Monetary Conference at Banco of Portugal, NBER Summer Institute, SED meeting in Budapest, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, University of Porto, University of Southern California, University of Toronto and World Congress in London. Marimon acknowledges support from Ente Luigi Einaudi, Fundacion BBVA and Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia. Quadrini acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Simultaneous measurements of cerebral oxygenation changes during brain activation by near‐infrared spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy young and elderly subjects

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) both allow non‐invasive monitoring of cerebral cortical oxygenation responses to various stimuli. To compare these methods in elderly subjects and to determine the effect of age on cortical oxygenation responses, we determined motor‐task‐related changes in deoxyhemoglobin concentration ([HHb]) over the left motor cortex in six healthy young subjects (age 35 ± 9 years, mean ± SD) and five healthy elderly subjects (age 73 ± 3 years) by NIRS and blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) fMRI simultaneously. The motor‐task consisted of seven cycles of 20‐sec periods of contralateral finger‐tapping at a rate as fast as possible alternated with 40‐sec periods of rest. Time‐locked averages over the seven cycles were used for further analysis. Task‐related decreases in [HHb] over the motor cortex were measured by NIRS, with maximum changes of −0.83 ± 0.38 μmol/L (P < 0.01) for the young and −0.32 ± 0.17 μmol/L (P < 0.05) for the elderly subjects. The BOLD‐fMRI signal increased over the cortex volume under investigation with NIRS, with maximum changes of 2.11 ± 0.72% (P < 0.01) for the young and 1.75 ± 0.71% (P < 0.01) for the elderly subjects. NIRS and BOLD‐fMRI measurements showed good correlation in the young (r = −0.70, r2 = 0.48, P < 0.001) and elderly subjects (r = −0.82, r2 = 0.67, P < 0.001). Additionally, NIRS measurements demonstrated age‐dependent decreases in task‐related cerebral oxygenation responses (P < 0.05), whereas fMRI measurements demonstrated smaller areas of cortical activation in the elderly subjects (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that NIRS and fMRI similarly assess cortical oxygenation changes in young subjects and also in elderly subjects. In addition, cortical oxygenation responses to brain activation alter with aging. Hum. Brain Mapping 16:14–23, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaksi Antarmanusia melalui Media Sosial Facebook Mengenai Topik Keagamaan

Human interaction has shifted with the advent of new media, the internet, especially with the presence of social media. The keyword of social media is a medium intended to share among individuals in order to achieve a better quality of life. The resarch aims finding human interaction trend influenced by social media i.e. Facebook, by looking at the content of the message delivered in sensitive issues phenomena, such as religious belief. Data analysis has been done through descriptive qualitative based on Martin Buber. These result indicates that interaction model can be established if the content of the message delivered in accordance with the wishes of communication, often obtained a description of the interaction that can be done by users against other users so that the purpose of the use of social media can be achieved.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPS BERBASIS NILAI BUDAYA USING UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

Produk bahan ajar IPS berbasis nilai budaya Using untuk siswa kelas IV SDN 01 Kemiri Kecamatan Singojuruh Kabupaten Banyuwangi dikembangkan berdasarkan KTSP SK 1 KD 1.4. Bahan ajar yang dibuat berupa modul belajar siswa dan modul panduan guru dengan judul “Keanekaragaman suku bangsa dan budaya”. Kelayakan produk bahan ajar berbasis nilai budaya Using diukur berdasarkan tingkat validitas, kemenarikan, keefektifan, dan keterterapan produk. Tingkat validitas diperoleh dari hasil uji validasi ahli, persentase validitas dari ah l i bahasa untuk modul belajar siswa adalah 97,92% (sangat valid) dan modul panduan guru adalah 96,43% (sangat valid), persentase dari ahli desain untuk modul belajar siswa adalah 88,89% (sangat valid) dan modul panduan guru adalah 94,44% (sangat valid), dan persentase dari ahli isi untuk modul belajar siswa adalah 97,32% (sangat valid) dan modul panduan guru adalah 97,73% (sangat valid). Tingkat kemenarikan diukur dari uji coba perorangan yang mendapatkan skor 78,33% (cukup menarik) dan uji coba kelompok kecil memperoleh persentase skor 85,71% (menarik). Tingkat keefektifan bahan ajar diukur dari aktivitas belajar siswa yang mendapatkan persentase skor 91,56% (sangat aktif) dan hasil belajar siswa mendapatkan persentase skor 80,49% (tuntas). Tingkat keterterapan produk bahan ajar diukur berdasarkan angket tanggapan guru yang mendapatkan persentase skor 93,18% (sangat baik) untuk modul belajar siswa dan 89,29% (sangat baik) untuk modul belajar guru, sedangkan angket tanggapan siswa mendapatkan persentase skor 76,80% (cukup baik).
Interneurons and Beta‐Amyloid in the Olfactory Bulb, Anterior Olfactory Nucleus and Olfactory Tubercle in APPxPS1 Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Impaired olfaction has been described as an early symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroanatomical changes underlying this deficit in the olfactory system are largely unknown. Given that interneuron populations are crucial in olfactory information processing, we have quantitatively analyzed somatostatin‐ (SOM), parvalbumin‐ (PV), and calretinin‐expressing (CR) cells in the olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, and olfactory tubercle in PS1 x APP double transgenic mice model of AD. The experiments were performed in wild type and double transgenic homozygous animal groups of 2, 4, 6, and 8 months of age to analyze early stages of the pathology. In addition, beta‐amyloid (Aβ) expression and its correlation with SOM cells have been quantified under confocal microscopy. The results indicate increasing expressions of Aβ with aging as well as an early fall of SOM and CR expression, whereas PV was decreased later in the disease progression. These observations evidence an early, preferential vulnerability of SOM and CR cells in rostral olfactory structures during AD that may be useful to unravel neural basis of olfactory deficits associated to this neurodegenerative disorder. Anat Rec, 296:1413‐1423, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient implementations of minimum-cost flow algorithms

This paper presents efficient implementations of several algorithms for solving the minimum-cost network flow problem. Various practical heuristics and other important implementation aspects are also discussed. A novel result of this work is the application of Goldberg's recent partial augment-relabel method in the cost-scaling algorithm. The presented implementations are available as part of the LEMON open source C++ optimization library (\url{this http URL}). The performance of these codes is compared to well-known and efficient minimum-cost flow solvers, namely CS2, RelaxIV, MCF, and the corresponding method of the LEDA library. According to thorough experimental analysis, the presented cost-scaling and network simplex implementations turned out to be more efficient than LEDA and MCF. Furthermore, the cost-scaling implementation is competitive with CS2. The RelaxIV algorithm is often much slower than the other codes, although it is quite efficient on particular problem instances.
Pick from here!: an interactive mobile cart using in-situ projection for order picking

Order Picking is not only one of the most important but also most mentally demanding and error-prone tasks in the industry. Both stationary and wearable systems have been introduced to facilitate this task. Existing stationary systems are not scalable because of the high cost and wearable systems have issues being accepted by the workers. In this paper, we introduce a mobile camera-projector cart called OrderPickAR, which combines the benefits of both stationary and mobile systems to support order picking through Augmented Reality. Our system dynamically projects in-situ picking information into the storage system and automatically detects when a picking task is done. In a lab study, we compare our system to existing approaches, i.e, Pick-by-Paper, Pick-by-Voice, and Pick-by-Vision. The results show that using the proposed system, order picking is almost twice as fast as other approaches, the error rate is decreased up to 9 times, and mental demands are reduced up to 50%.
Essays on growth, unemployment and financial development

Le sujet de cette these porte sur l’analyse de l’heterogeneite et des dynamiques du chomage regional, des consequences de chocs negatifs sur la croissance economique et du lien entre le developpement financier et la croissance au niveau des entreprises et des pays. Le chapitre 1 montre les dynamiques distributionnelles du chomage regional Europeen. Conjointement avec Robert Beyer, nous etudions le comportement des taux de chomage regionaux autour de l’introduction de l’Euro et la crise financiere mondiale. En plus, nous examinons les contributions europeennes et nationales aux changements relatives dans le temps. Le chapitre 2 propose une analyse empirique de la convergence de la croissance economique de l’Europe de l’Ouest et des pays en transition. Dans ce travail en collaboration avec Olivier Damette et Mathilde Maurel, nous etudions la capacite a sortir d’une periode de recession. En plus, nous analysons une non linearite potentielle dans le processus de sortie. Le chapitre 3 centre son analyse sur l’etude des contraintes financieres internes de la croissance des entreprises en Serbie. Conjointement avec Milos Markovic, nous etudions le degre de dependance aux flux de liquidite des entreprises serbes pour leurs activites d’expansion et les comparons avec ceux des firmes belges. Enfin, dans le chapitre 4, j’explore la relation entre le developpement financier et la croissance economique dans les pays en transition. Dans un cadre de causalite Granger en panel, j’analyse les effets de differents indicateurs financiers sur le PIB par tete et inversement.
A 1.5V 20/30 Gb/s CMOS backplane driver with digital pre-emphasis

A high-speed input comparator and output driver with adjustable pre-emphasis for applications in serial interchip communications over backplanes at 20 Gb/s is presented. The circuit was implemented in 130-nm CMOS and consumes 140 mW from a 1.5-V supply. It has over 30 dB dynamic range with a sensitivity of 20 mVp-p and a differential output swing of 700 mVp-p at 20 Gb/s. The output driver features a novel digital pre-emphasis circuit with independent pulse height and width control. Other features include 30%-70% eye-crossing control and adjustable output swing between 170 mVp-p and 350 mVp-p per side at data rates up to 30 Gb/s.
Distribution of syndecan-1 protein in developing mouse teeth

Syndecan-1 is a cell surface proteoglycan involved in the regulation of various biological processes such as proliferation, migration, condensation and differentiation of cells, intercellular communication, and morphogenesis. The extracellular domain of syndecan-1 can bind to extracellular matrix components and signaling molecules, while its intracellular domain interacts with cytoskeletal proteins, thus allowing the transfer of information about extracellular environment changes into the cell that consequently affect cellular behavior. Although previous studies have shown syndecan-1 expression during precise stages of tooth development, there is no equivalent study regrouping the expression patterns of syndecan-1 during all stages of odontogenesis. Here we examined the distribution of syndecan-1 protein in embryonic and post-natal developing mouse molars and incisors. Syndecan-1 distribution in mesenchymal tissues such as dental papilla and dental follicle was correlated with proliferating events and its expression was often linked to stem cell niche territories. Syndecan-1 was also expressed in mesenchymal cells that will differentiate into the dentin producing odontoblasts, but not in differentiated functional odontoblasts. In the epithelium, syndecan-1 was detected in all cell layers, by the exception of differentiated ameloblasts that form the enamel. Furthermore, syndecan-1 was expressed in osteoblast precursors and osteoclasts of the alveolar bone that surrounds the developing tooth germs. Taken together these results show the dynamic nature of syndecan-1 expression during odontogenesis and suggest its implication in various processes of tooth development and homeostasis.
Increased IGF1 levels in relation to heart failure and cardiovascular mortality in an elderly population: impact of ACE inhibitors.

OBJECTIVE There are conflicting results regarding the association of circulating IGF1 with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. We assessed the relationship between IGF1 levels and heart failure (HF), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and CV mortality in an elderly population taking into account the possible impact of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 851 persons aged 66-81 years, in a rural Swedish municipality, were subjected to medical history, clinical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and fasting plasma samples. They were then followed for 8 years. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Patients on ACE inhibitors had higher IGF1 levels compared with those without ACE inhibitors. In patients on ACE inhibitors, higher IGF1 values were found in patients with an ejection fraction (EF) <40% compared with EF ≥40%, in patients with higher proBNP levels in quartile 4 vs 1, and in patients with IHD when compared to those without ACE inhibitors (P<0.001). In patients without ACE inhibitors, no relationship was found between IGF1 levels and HF or IHD. In multivariate regression, only ACE inhibitors, ECG changes characteristic for IHD, and gender had a significant impact on IGF1. Patients with higher IGF1 levels in quintiles 4 and 5 compared to quintiles 1 and 2 had a 50% higher risk for CV death (P=0.03). This was significant after adjustment for well-known CV risk factors and ACE inhibitors (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that treatment with ACE inhibitors in an elderly population is associated with increased IGF1 levels, especially in patients with impaired cardiac function or IHD. High IGF1 levels tend to be associated with an increased risk for CV mortality.
Regional Indexing Approach for Mobile Objects

In many applications, the precise locations of moving objects are not needed. Not only are the exact coordinate locations of moving objects not needed, the exact coordinate locations may sometimes be distorted due to the inaccuracy of the tracking system. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an efficient index structure for the moving objects in outdoor cellular space based on their regional aspects. The idea of the Topographical Outdoor (star) tree (or TO*-tree) is based on the adjacency between outdoor areas (or cells). The basic development in this approach is that it takes into account the differences between the outdoor cells. The idea is to differentiate the groupings of moving objects in high-density areas such as city centers, from those in other low-density areas such as suburbs. Also, the new method proposed in this approach includes the temporal aspect of the index, which allows the processing of temporal queries. The initial experiments suggest that the TO*-tree performs more efficiently and for less cost compared with the original topographical outdoor-tree.
Influence of Nitrogen Content on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of TiN Thin Films

Titanium nitride coatings have been used very successfully in a variety of applications because of their excellent properties, such as hard and decorative coatings and also diffuse barriers in semiconductor technology. These coatings are of interest because they exhibit a number of properties similar to metals (such as goods electrical conductivity) while retaining characteristics (covalent bonds, hardness and melting point) found in insulating materials. In this work, TiN films have been deposited by RF reactive magnetron sputtering (13.56 MHz) from a titanium metallic target at different nitrogen partial pressures (4mTorr to 10mTorr). We’ve been studied the effect of the sputtering pressure and nitrogen partial pressure on the properties of titanium nitride films prepared by RF reactive magnetron sputtering. The deposited films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) , micro-indentation and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR).
Caracterização eletrofisiológica da audição em indivíduos com Síndrome de Down

Introduction Few studies have performed Brainstem (BAEP) and P300 Auditory Evoked Potentials simultaneously to assess central auditory pathways in normal hearing individuals with Down syndrome (DS), mainly because of the difficulty in applying these procedures to this population. Previous studies have suggested that individuals with DS might present different patterns of response compared with those of individuals with typical development; nevertheless, the identification of these potentials would be crucial for the establishment of an accurate audiological diagnosis. Purpose To characterize BAEP and P300 in normal-hearing individuals with DS. Methods BAEP and P300 were analyzed in 17 individuals with DS and in 21 individuals with typical development aged 7 to 15 years. The results were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed using descriptive measures and hypothesis tests. Results In the quantitative analysis, latency values were lower in the BAEP for the DS group, with statistically significant difference for wave V and interpeaks III-V and I-V; there were no significant differences in the P300 latency values. In the qualitative analysis, there were a larger number of individuals with early values for BAEP latencies and late latencies for P300 in the DS group; both comparisons showed statistically significant differences. Conclusion Children and adolescents with DS can present early responses to the components of BAEP, suggesting that their auditory pathway requires less time for the neural transmission of acoustic stimuli to the brainstem. Concerning P300, individuals with DS may present increased latencies, suggesting impairment in the central auditory pathway for the cortical processing of auditory information.