Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Legitimation of Power

Preface to the 2nd edition. - Preface to the 1st edition. - Introduction. - PART I: THE CRITERIA FOR LEGITIMACY. - 1. Towards a Social-Scientific Concept of Legitimacy. - 2. Power and its need of Legitimation. - 3. The Intellectual Structure of Legitimacy. - 4. Social Science and the Social Construction of Legitimacy. - PART II: LEGITIMACY IN THE MODERN STATE. - 5. Dimensions of State Legitimacy. - 6. Crisis Tendencies of Political Systems. -7. Modes of Non-Legitimate Power. - 8. Legitimacy in Political Science and Political Philosophy. - 9. The Legitimation of Power in the 21st Century. - PART III: LEGITIMACY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY. - 10. Legitimacy Within the State. - 11. Legitimacy Beyond the State.
Influence of Refuse Sites on the Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella Serovars in Seagulls

ABSTRACT Wild animals are well-known reservoirs of Campylobacter and Salmonella. We investigated the influence of insalubrious diets on the prevalence of both enterobacteria in seagulls. Campylobacter occurrence in gull chicks sampled along the northeastern Iberian coast was directly related to the degree of refuse consumption. High Salmonella values from the sampling sites did not reflect any dietary relationship.
Long-Term Continuous Monitoring of the Broad-Line Radio Galaxies 3C 390.3 and 3C 120 with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer

We present a study of the flux and spectral variability of the two broad-line radio galaxies (BLRGs) 3C 390.3 and 3C 120, observed almost daily with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer for nearly 2 months each in 1996 and 1997, respectively. Our original motivation for this study was to search for systematic differences between BLRGs and their radio-quiet counterparts, the Seyfert galaxies, whose temporal and spectral behavior is better studied. We find that both 3C 390.3 and 3C 120 are highly variable but in different ways, and we quantify this difference by means of a structure function analysis. 3C 390.3 is significantly more variable than 3C 120, despite its jet's larger inclination angle, implying either that the X-ray variability is not dominated by the jet or that two different variability processes are simultaneously at work in 3C 390.3. We perform an energy-selected and time-resolved analysis based on the fractional variability amplitude and find that the variability amplitude of both objects is strongly anticorrelated with the energy. This last result, along with the correlated change of the photon index with the X-ray continuum flux, can be qualitatively explained within the scenario of thermal Comptonization, generally invoked for radio-quiet active galaxies. Moreover, the time-resolved and energy-selected fractional variability analysis shows a trend opposite to that observed in jet-dominated active galactic nuclei (blazars), suggesting only a minor contribution of the jet to the X-ray properties of BLRGs. Time-averaged spectral analysis indicates the presence of a strong resolved Fe Kα line with a centroid at 6.4 keV and a weak (Ω/2π ≃ 0.1-0.4) reflection component in both objects. The overall PCA+HEXTE spectra are best fitted with the constant density ionization model of Ross & Fabian, but with a modest ionization parameter. We perform a time-resolved spectral analysis of 3C 390.3 with the aim of constraining the delay between Fe Kα line and continuum variability; however, the limited signal-to-noise ratio of the line flux hampers a thorough study of the line variability.
Relation between content and composition of coalworkers' lungs and radiological appearances

Rossiter, C. E. (1972). Brit. J. industr. Med.,29, 31-44. Relation between content and composition of coalworkers' lungs and radiological appearances. The relation between radiological category of simple pneumoconiosis and dust content of the lung has been studied on a mixed group of 221 miners, of whom 76 had progressive massive fibrosis radiologically. The average radiological scores based on 11 independent readings for the films showing simple pneumoconiosis only were related, by multiple regression, to the coal, mineral, quartz, and iron contents of the lungs. Three subgroups were found which showed differing relations. Films of poor technique tended to be read in the middle categories whatever the content of the lungs. The lungs of Scottish miners all contained soot, from working in naked light pits, and their radiological scores were much higher than expected from the lung dust contents. The few films showing nodular sized small opacities were also over-read, suggesting that nodularity may be some response to dust other than simple accumulation. There were 98 subjects in the resulting homogeneous group of cases with simple pneumoconiosis only. On a revised scale to correct for slight non-linearity, the regression coefficients of radiological score on the total mineral and coal contents of the lung were in the ratio of 3·8 to 1. The iron content did not add much to this regression relation even though by itself it correlated well with the amount of simple pneumoconiosis. Probably most of the variation of radiological appearance with iron reflects variation with coal and mineral. The mineral and quartz contents were highly correlated (r = 0·96), but relations including quartz were not as close fitting as those including mineral. There was a small, but significant, residual relation of radiological score to years in coalmining. The background categories of simple pneumoconiosis in the 76 radiographs showing some evidence of progressive massive fibrosis were generally read higher than expected from the relation to dust content derived from the simple pneumoconiosis cases only. This was most true for those showing most evidence of progressive massive fibrosis.
Similarity and Categorisation: Getting Dissociations in Perspective

Dissociations between similarity and categorization have constituted critical counter-evidence to the view that categorization is similarity-based. However, there have been difficulties in replicating such dissociations. This paper reports three experiments. The first provides evidence of a double dissociation between similarity and categorization. The second and third show that by asking participants to make their judgments from particular perspectives, this dissociation disappears or is much reduced. It is argued that these data support a perspectival view of concepts, in which categorization is similarity-based, but where the dimensions used to make similarity and categorization judgments are partially fixed by perspective.
Initial Experience With the 5×300-mm Proteus Embolic Capture Angioplasty Balloon in the Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Disease

Purpose To describe the use of the 5×300-mm Proteus embolic capture angioplasty (ECA) balloon catheter to reduce embolic burden in complex TASC II (TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus) C and D femoropopliteal interventions. Methods A non-randomized safety and feasibility study was conducted at 2 centers enrolling 15 subjects (9 women; mean age 72.5±9.5 years, range 53–85) suffering from Rutherford-Becker category 2 to 4 occlusive disease. Of the 20 lesions in 15 limbs, 16 were TASC II D and 4 were TASC II C. Average baseline stenosis was 95%±12%; 16 lesions were totally occluded. Half of the lesions were de novo, 5 were restenotic, and 5 were in-stent stenoses. Average lesion length was 284±50 mm. In addition to using the ECA device, 18 of the target lesions were treated with stents and 4 with rotational thrombectomy devices. Distal angiography was performed before and after use of the ECA device to locate any periprocedural embolic events. Results Procedural success was achieved in 100% lesions. The ECA balloon was used for predilation in 11 lesions and for postdilation in 9. No distal embolization or flow-limiting vessel dissections were observed despite the complex nature of the cases. Three non-device-related complications were reported (pseudoaneurysm, myocardial infarction, acute renal failure) and resolved without sequelae within 30 days. Analysis of the particles recovered from 5 ECA balloons demonstrated a mean 257±185 particles, with a mean major axial dimension of 0.54±0.04 mm (range 0.11–7.54). There were a mean 7.67±6.03 particles >2 mm in diameter, and all samples contained 1 to 3 particles >4 mm in diameter. Conclusion In this small series, the 5×300-mm ECA embolic capture balloon catheter was an effective tool for avoiding embolic events in long peripheral lesions, with a good safety profile. The device might be considered as part of routine clinical practice for complex TASC II C/D femoropopliteal lesions.
Gender and Local Political Interest: Some International Comparisons

Since the 1970s, political science research suggests no significant gender differences in overall levels of participation. For example, an examination of current rates of conventional political participation and voter turnout indicates little difference between men and women in either the United States, Great Britain, West Germany, Italy or other western industrial nations.1 Despite this disappearance of gender differences in political participation, however, both national and international research suggests an enduring gender gap in political interest. Regardless of country of origin, women remain less politically interested than men.2
Tensions between student and institutional conceptions of postgraduate research

Universities assume that the conceptions of research represented in their policies and plans are universally applicable. However, if individual postgraduate research students experience significant tension between their understandings about research and those of the institution, and this tension impedes on‐time completion, then the institutions may be faced with a research funding shortfall. In both Australia and the UK, government research funding is contingent on on‐time student completion. With this imperative in mind, an in‐depth longitudinal analysis of the experience of three female postgraduate research students was undertaken to explore the question: how universally applicable to individual students' conceptions are institutional conceptions of postgraduate research? The investigation found that the gap between the students' understandings about research and those of the university was so wide and persistent that on‐time completion did not occur. As the gap was qualitatively different for each of .
Granovetter Was Right

Using a longitudinal research design, the authors investigate the impact of the relative growth or decline of a job seeker’s predisplaced industry on the use of personal contacts in the job search process. They also examine the effect of a job seeker’s network on important job search outcomes, including occupational status and salary following reemployment. Results reveal the subsequent emergence of distinct networking strategies and outcomes dependent on industry growth. Job seekers displaced fromgrowing industries tend to focus their search on the inclusion of weak ties. Their counterparts, displaced fromdeclining industries, indicate the tendency to connect with strong ties. However, job seekers in declining industries who made the more difficult connections with weakly tied contacts reaped important benefits in terms of salary following reemployment. The theoretical and practical implications for conducting a job search in a contemporary environment are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.
Translational studies for exercise in high-risk pregnancy: Pre-eclampsia model

ABSTRACT Objective: Reviewed literature regarding exercise effects on pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders, analyzing basic science perspectives and clinical studies. Methods: Scientific databases were accessed by research strategy combining Medical Subject Headings terms. Studies published between 2000 and 2015, in English, Portuguese, and Spanish language, were considered. Results: Studies were classified into: recommendations for exercise on high-risk pregnancy; animal models for hypertension in pregnancy; exercise on hypertensive disorders in animal models and pregnant women. Conclusion: There are several animal models to mimic hypertensive disorders in pregnancy; however, clinical studies are still needed for exercise recommendation in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders.
"Slaves with white collars": Persistent performances of masculinity in crisis

Recent trends in popular culture suggest an emerging discourse of professional masculinity in crisis. This essay examines two illustrative films, Fight Club and In the Company of Men, whose characters bemoan the impending demise of the masculine businessman. To revive him, they (re)turn to what we call a "civilized/primitive" masculinity, embodied by the hardened white man who finds healing in wounds. This subjectivity shrouds the race and class hierarchy on which it rests by overtly appealing to gender division. The current discourse of dominant men in crisis bears remarkable resemblance to historical narratives of masculinity in decline. Ultimately, we argue that this pattern reveals chronic conflicts embedded in particular performances of masculinity and thus, potential vulnerabilities in patriarchal capitalism.
The Leisure Attitude Scale: psychometrics properties of a short version for adolescents and young adults

It is crucial to study the components of attitudes to leisure because positive attitudes tend to be associated with greater engagement in leisure. The aim of this article was to develop and validate a short version of the Leisure Attitude Scale (Ragheb M. G., & Beard, J. G. (1982). Measuring leisure attitude. Journal of Leisure Research, 14(2), 155–167) and evaluate its psychometric properties. A total of 542 adolescents and young adults participated in this study. The Leisure Attitude Scale-Short Version (LAS-SV) showed good reliability and validity. The confirmatory factor analysis presented acceptable values and confirmed the factorial structure of Ragheb and Beard (1982).
Criteria used by adults and children to categorize subtypes of play

Play subtypes of Activity and Pretend have been proposed yet no empirical study has determined the criteria that identify and differentiate these two play subtypes. Children (n=98) and adults (n=38) were shown 10 video examples of human and other primate. Activity and Pretend play and asked to identify which of six criteria (positive affect, non‐literality, communication/intimacy, practice, physical context and social context) best characterized play. Results showed a significant difference between criteria used by participants to categorize Activity and Pretend play. Specifically, among all participants Pretend play was categorized according to behavioural (non‐literality), motivational (communication/intimacy) and contextual (both social and physical) criteria. On the other hand, no one criterion was associated significantly more with Activity than Pretend play. No differences were found between adult and child participants in play criteria used to categorize each play subtype. A multidimensional definition of Pretend play is proposed and research into the definitional qualities of Activity play is recommended.
Aerial transmission of mycobacteria.

The Henderson apparatus was used to expose mice to aerosols of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv), M. kansasii (strain P1), another photochromogenic mycobacterium (P8), and two strains of nonphotochromogenic mycobacteria (T-39 and P2). Organisms were enumerated in the bacterial slurries before and after nebulization in a Collison nebulizer, in air samples from the equipment during nebulization, and in the lungs of animals killed at various intervals after exposure. A Goldberg rotating drum was used to test the ability of the organisms to survive aerial suspension. The mycobacteria withstood aerosolization and aerial suspension about equally well and were found in equivalent numbers in lungs from animals killed immediately after exposure. The numbers of organisms in lungs of animals killed three days later were approximately the same, but thereafter lung clearance rates varied considerably. By the eleventh day, the atypical mycobacteria had been reduced in numbers (with the exception of the photochromogeni.
Critical readings: progress files and the production of the autonomous learner

Progress files represent a major policy initiative involving the use of Personal Development Planning (PDP) aimed at the production of autonomous learners who are capable of planning for their own career and personal futures. The paper is organized in three parts and argues for a more critical approach, which locates PDP as part of broader shifts within educational policy and practice. The first part of the paper explores the lack of conceptual clarity associated with the term PDP. It argues that ‘evidence’ of ‘what works’ is unlikely to yield useful knowledge for practitioners as long as this evidence is based on untheorized accounts of PDP. The second part of the paper explores the concept of reflection, which underpins PDP, and argues for greater critical engagement with the conditions of reflection and an understanding of the limitations of reflection. The final part of the paper takes up the broader theme of individualization and returns to the major theme of the paper that the sorts of autonomy that.
Not seeing eye to eye: Differences in supervisor and subordinate perceptions of and attributions for psychological contract breach.

This study examines supervisor and subordinate perceptions of and attributions for psychological contract breach. The data suggest that supervisor and subordinate perceptions are most likely to differ on the extent to which the organization violated its obligations to provide fair pay, advancement opportunities, and a good employment relationship. In addition, the results indicate that the greater the degree of psychological contract breach reported by subordinates, the less committed they are to the organization and the lower their job performance (as rated by their supervisor). Moreover, when psychological contract breach is perceived, supervisors' and subordinates' attributions regarding the reasons for the breach are likely to differ. Specifically, the findings suggest that subordinates are more likely to attribute breach to the organization's intentional disregard for the commitments that it had made to the employee, while supervisors are more inclined to attribute breach to situations beyond the organization's direct control. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secondary School Students' Attitudes Towards Science

Abstract Four hundred and fifty‐one students' attitudes towards science were investigated. Two types of instruments (questionnaire and Attitude Scale) were used to collect the data. The results show that the students in general hold a favourable attitude towards science; male students have more positive attitude towards science than female students; the type of school (science‐school, single‐sex school or general secondary school) attended have an effect on the students' attitudes to science. The low enrollment in science is not due to the lack of interest or negative attitudes to the subject but may be due to some other variables that need to be investigated.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders at the wrist as a function of angles, forces, repetitiveness and movement velocities.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationship between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders at the wrists and the characteristics of the work conditions in terms of angles, forces, repetitiveness, and movement velocities. METHODS Nine workplaces were selected and the prevalence of wrist disorders was determined by means of a questionnaire for both arms separately, along with characteristics of the 335 subjects (age, weight, height, seniority). A work analysis was performed on subjects selected at random from each workplace by recording, for both wrists during a representative number of work cycles, the angles both in radial and ulnar deviations and in flexion-extension and the surface electromyogram on the hand flexors of the forearm. Repetitiveness (defined as the number of transitions per minute) and movement velocities (in deviation and flexion-extension) were derived from the recordings of the angles. RESULTS All the derived variables were highly correlated, greater angles and greater forces being associated with greater velocities and higher repetitiveness. A multivariate linear regression model for the prediction of the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders of the wrist was constructed (R = 0.904). Height, weight, seniority, angles in radial-ulnar deviation, and forces were significant and independent predictors of the prevalence. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of wrist disorders is significantly linked to wrist angles in deviation and to forces exerted. Due to their high correlation with force, the repetitiveness indices and velocities, as defined, do not appear to play an additional role. Further research is needed to find alternative ways of characterizing repetitiveness.
Constitutionalist Political Science: Rediscovering Storing’s Philosophical Moderation

In an era concerned with dysfunction in American politics, polarization, and the relevance of academia for ameliorating these problems, the fiftieth anniversary of a debate about American political science permits rediscovery of the philosophical balance and breadth of Herbert Storing. His constitutionalist political science embodied a broad conception of American principles that emphasized founding debates and their continuing echoes in policies and thought, as well as a post-Progressive appreciation for assessing ends and enduring truths of free government. Storing’s science anticipates, but contrasts favorably with, the narrower methodological pluralism of the recent Perestroika movement; it developed a philosophical moderation that analyzed alternatives and extremes in both ideas and politics but appreciated intellectual and political blending that sought higher middle grounds; and it focused on leadership or statesmanship in a way that addresses worries over dysfunction, a leadership crisis, and academic relevance more constructively than alternative models of American political science.
Positivity and well-being among community-residing elders and nursing home residents: what is the optimal affect balance?

OBJECTIVES To explore whether a ratio of positive to negative affect, from the work of Fredricksen and Losada, could predict high levels of well-being in elderly samples and especially in nursing home residents despite multiple chronic health conditions, consonant with Ryff and Singer's notion of "flourishing under fire. " METHOD We used two samples: a probability sample of community-residing elders and a sample from nursing homes. We calculated ratios of positive to negative affect in each sample and measured well-being with social interaction, mental health, life satisfaction, and general well-being. RESULTS The positivity ratio of 2.9 differentiated high levels of well-being in both the samples, as in previous research on younger samples. DISCUSSION Although we expected the positivity ratio to perform less well among nursing home residents, we found that it differentiated residents with high well-being just as well as in the community sample. The ability to regulate positive affect to maintain a relative ratio of positive over negative affect appears to be an important aspect of successful adjustment in late life. Further research is needed on objective indicators of quality of life and on whether intra-individual shifts in affect balance are coupled with shifts in indicators of positive mental health.