Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Updraft fixed-bed gasification of softwood pellets: mathematical modelling and comparison with experimental data

This paper presents a one dimensional steady state mathematical model for the simulation of a small scale fixed-bed gasifier. The model is based on a set of differential equations describing the entire gasification process of softwood pellets and is solved by a two step iterative method. The main features of the model are: homogeneous and heterogeneous combustion and gasification reactions, one step global pyrolysis kinetics and drying, heat and mass transfer in the solid and gas phases as well as between phases, heat loss, particle movement and shrinkage within the bed. The model is used to simulate a laboratory scale fixed-bed updraft gasifier. Good agreement is achieved between prediction and measurements for the axial temperature profiles. The prediction of the composition and particularly of the tar content of the producer gas is imprecise due to insufficient data regarding the product composition of primary pyrolysis of softwood pellets. Therefore, the tar ratio of the primary pyrolysis reaction has been reduced and the remaining reported tar ratio undergoes a secondary reaction forming lighter gases and finally the model is in good agreement with experimental data.
Understanding the budyko equation

The Budyko equation has achieved iconic status in hydrology for its concise and accurate representation of the relationship between annual evapotranspiration and long-term-average water and energy balance at catchment scales. Accelerating anthropogenic land-use and climate change have sparked a renewed interest in predictive applications of the Budyko equation to analyze future scenarios important to water resource management. These applications, in turn, have inspired a number of attempts to derive mathematical models of the Budyko equation from a variety of specific assumptions about the original Budyko hypothesis. Here, we show that the Budyko equation and all extant models of it can be derived rigorously from a single mathematical assumption concerning the Budyko hypothesis. The implications of this fact for parametric models of the Budyko equation also are explored.
Affecting Factors on Problematic Drinking of College Students

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine affecting factors on problematic drinking of college students. Methods: The subjects were 258 college students. Data collected from November 28 through December 9, 2016. Collected data were analyzed with Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: Problematic drinking based on general characteristics showed statistically significant difference in gender, age, grade, resident type, major GPA, having smoke and drinking cost. The factors affecting problematic drinking were as follows: high drinking costs, low major GPA, smoker, drinking refusal self-efficacy and drinking motivation. The explanatory power of theses factors was 54.3%. Conclusions: This findings suggest that in order to reduce the problematic drinking of college students, it is necessary to develop and apply a reducing drinking program considering individual factors, cognitive factors, and socio-cultural factors and it should be approached from a diverse and comprehensive viewpoint including smoking cessation education.
Increased prefrontal cortex activity during negative emotion regulation as a predictor of depression symptom severity trajectory over 6 months.

IMPORTANCE Emotion regulation is critically disrupted in depression, and the use of paradigms that tap into these processes may uncover essential changes in neurobiology during treatment. In addition, because neuroimaging outcome studies of depression commonly use only baseline and end-point data-which are more prone to week-to-week noise in symptomatology-we sought to use all data points over the course of a 6-month trial. OBJECTIVE To examine changes in neurobiology resulting from successful treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Double-blind trial examining changes in the neural circuits involved in emotion regulation resulting from 1 of 2 antidepressant treatments during a 6-month trial. Twenty-one patients with major depressive disorder and without other Axis I or Axis II diagnoses were scanned before treatment and 2 and 6 months into treatment at the university's functional magnetic resonance imaging facility. INTERVENTIONS Venlafaxine hydrochloride extended release (with doses of up to 300 mg) or fluoxetine hydrochloride (with doses of up to 80 mg). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Neural activity, as measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of an emotion regulation paradigm, as well as regular assessments of symptom severity using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. For use of all data points, slope trajectories were calculated for rate of change in depression severity and for rate of change in neural engagement. RESULTS The depressed individuals who showed the steepest decrease in depression severity over the 6-month period were the same individuals who showed the most rapid increases in activity in Brodmann area 10 and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity when regulating negative affect over the same time frame. This relationship was more robust when using only the baseline and end-point data. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Changes in prefrontal cortex engagement when regulating negative affect correlate with changes in depression severity over 6 months. These results are buttressed by calculating these statistics, which are more reliable and robust to week-to-week variation than are difference scores.
Why Do Some Students Become More Engaged in Collaborative Wiki Writing? The Role of Sense of Relatedness

This study aims to investigate the role of sense of relatedness in students' engagement in using wikis in collaborative writing. Hong Kong secondary school students (N = 422) participated in the study and answered questionnaires about their sense of relatedness and their level of engagement when using wikis for open collaborative project work. Results from the regression analyses showed that students' sense of relatedness with their teacher and peers facilitated their engagement in the collaborative wiki writing environment. The results were also consistent with the educational psychology research findings in a traditional classroom setting. Most importantly, the result from this study showed the possible linkage between IT in education research and the educational psychology literature. Implications of psychological factors on students' learning in technologically-enriched learning environments are discussed.
The effects of neuron morphology on graph theoretic measures of network connectivity: the analysis of a two-level statistical model

We developed a two-level statistical model that addresses the question of how properties of neurite morphology shape the large-scale network connectivity. We adopted a low-dimensional statistical description of neurites. From the neurite model description we derived the expected number of synapses, node degree, and the effective radius, the maximal distance between two neurons expected to form at least one synapse. We related these quantities to the network connectivity described using standard measures from graph theory, such as motif counts, clustering coefficient, minimal path length, and small-world coefficient. These measures are used in a neuroscience context to study phenomena from synaptic connectivity in the small neuronal networks to large scale functional connectivity in the cortex. For these measures we provide analytical solutions that clearly relate different model properties. Neurites that sparsely cover space lead to a small effective radius. If the effective radius is small compared to the overall neuron size the obtained networks share similarities with the uniform random networks as each neuron connects to a small number of distant neurons. Large neurites with densely packed branches lead to a large effective radius. If this effective radius is large compared to the neuron size, the obtained networks have many local connections. In between these extremes, the networks maximize the variability of connection repertoires. The presented approach connects the properties of neuron morphology with large scale network properties without requiring heavy simulations with many model parameters. The two-steps procedure provides an easier interpretation of the role of each modeled parameter. The model is flexible and each of its components can be further expanded. We identified a range of model parameters that maximizes variability in network connectivity, the property that might affect network capacity to exhibit different dynamical regimes.
Structured programming in Cobol: an approach for application programmers

Techniques for designing and writing Cobol programs are presented. Previous work in structured programming is drawn upon and adapted. The presentation is informal: the terminology is nonmathematical as far as possible, no theorems are proved, and examples are used frequently. Top-down program design is implemented through the use of structured flowcharts, disciplined specifications, and step by step verification. A well-formed Cobol program is defined. The proper use of the GO TO and other Cobol coding practices are discussed.
Furniture Models Learned from the WWW

In this article, we investigate how autonomous robots can exploit the high quality information already available from the WWW concerning 3-D models of office furniture. Apart from the hobbyist effort in Google 3-D Warehouse, many companies providing office furnishings already have the models for considerable portions of the objects found in our workplaces and homes. In particular, we present an approach that allows a robot to learn generic models of typical office furniture using examples found in the Web. These generic models are then used by the robot to locate and categorize unknown furniture in real indoor environments.
Cholesterol Dependent Uptake and Interaction of Doxorubicin in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

Methods of fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy—including intensity and lifetime (FLIM) images—are used to examine uptake, intracellular location and interaction of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells as a function of cholesterol content. By comparing cells with natural and decreased cholesterol levels after 2 h or 24 h incubation with doxorubicin, we observed that higher fluorescence intensities and possibly shortened fluorescence lifetimes—reflecting increased uptake of the drug and more pronounced drug response—are concomitant with higher membrane fluidity.
On the Secrecy Capacity Region of the 2-user Z Interference Channel with Unidirectional Transmitter Cooperation

In this work, the role of unidirectional limited rate transmitter cooperation is studied in the case of the 2-user Z interference channel (Z-IC) with secrecy constraints at the receivers, on achieving two conflicting goals simultaneously: mitigating interference and ensuring secrecy. First, the problem is studied under the linear deterministic model. The achievable schemes for the deterministic model use a fusion of cooperative precoding and transmission of a jamming signal. The optimality of the proposed scheme is established for the deterministic model for all possible parameter settings using the outer bounds derived by the authors in a previous work. Using the insights obtained from the deterministic model, a lower bound on the secrecy capacity region of the 2-user Gaussian Z-IC are obtained. The achievable scheme in this case uses stochastic encoding in addition to cooperative precoding and transmission of a jamming signal. The secure sum generalized degrees of freedom (GDOF) is characterized and shown to be optimal for the weak/moderate interference regime. It is also shown that the secure sum capacity lies within 2 bits/s/Hz of the outer bound for the weak/moderate interference regime for all values of the capacity of the cooperative link. Interestingly, in case of the deterministic model, it is found that there is no penalty on the capacity region of the Z-IC due to the secrecy constraints at the receivers in the weak/moderate interference regimes. Similarly, it is found that there is no loss in the secure sum GDOF for the Gaussian case due to the secrecy constraint at the receiver, in the weak/moderate interference regimes. The results highlight the importance of cooperation in facilitating secure communication over the Z-IC.
Estimating differential expression from multiple indicators

Regardless of the advent of high-throughput sequencing, microarrays remain central in current biomedical research. Conventional microarray analysis pipelines apply data reduction before the estimation of differential expression, which is likely to render the estimates susceptible to noise from signal summarization and reduce statistical power. We present a probe-level framework, which capitalizes on the high number of concurrent measurements to provide more robust differential expression estimates. The framework naturally extends to various experimental designs and target categories (e.g. transcripts, genes, genomic regions) as well as small sample sizes. Benchmarking in relation to popular microarray and RNA-sequencing data-analysis pipelines indicated high and stable performance on the Microarray Quality Control dataset and in a cell-culture model of hypoxia. Experimental-data-exhibiting long-range epigenetic silencing of gene expression was used to demonstrate the efficacy of detecting differential expression of genomic regions, a level of analysis not embraced by conventional workflows. Finally, we designed and conducted an experiment to identify hypothermia-responsive genes in terms of monotonic time-response. As a novel insight, hypothermia-dependent up-regulation of multiple genes of two major antioxidant pathways was identified and verified by quantitative real-time PCR.
The Relationship between the Golden Spiny Mouse Circadian System and Its Diurnal Activity: An Experimental Field Enclosures and Laboratory Study

Examples of animals that switch activity times between nocturnality and diurnality in nature are relatively infrequent. Furthermore, the mechanism for switching activity time is not clear: does a complete inversion of the circadian system occur in conjunction with activity pattern? Are there switching centers downstream from the internal clock that interpret the clock differently? Or does the switch reflect a masking effect? Answering these key questions may shed light on the mechanisms regulating activity patterns and their evolution. The golden spiny mouse (Acomys russatus) can switch between nocturnal and diurnal activity. This study investigated the relationship between its internal circadian clock and its diurnal activity pattern observed in the field. The goal is to understand the mechanisms underlying species rhythm shifts in order to gain insight into the evolution of activity patterns. All golden spiny mice had opposite activity patterns in the field than those under controlled continuous dark conditions in the laboratory. Activity and body temperature patterns in the field were diurnal, while in the laboratory all individuals immediately showed a free‐running rhythm starting with a nocturnal pattern. No phase transients were found toward the preferred nocturnal activity pattern, as would be expected in the case of true entrainment. Moreover, the fact that the free‐running activity patterns began from the individuals' subjective night suggests that golden spiny mice are nocturnal and that their diurnality in their natural habitat in the field results from a change that is downstream to the internal clock or reflects a masking effect.
Gender Differences in Coping and Internalizing Symptoms Between Adolescents With a Parent Diagnosed With Depression

The current study examines a sample of children ranging from 916 years in age with at least one parent that has been diagnosed with depression. The study 's primary focus is to assess whether the re are whether there are gender differences in internalizing symptoms, gender differences in coping styles, if there is an association beo'Veen coping strategy and internali zing symptoms, and if there are gender differences in relation to coping style and symptoms. The findings indicate there are no gender differences in the reporting of internali zing symptoms. However, boys report more use of di sengagement while girl s report more primary control coping. Secondary control coping has no signifi cant reported gender difference, and it was found to have the greatest inverse relationship with internali zing symptoms as reported by both genders and parent and child . There are no significant interacti ons between gender and coping style to predict internali zing symptoms.
Putting the N in dinoflagellates

The cosmopolitan presence of dinoflagellates in aquatic habitats is now believed to be a direct consequence of the different trophic modes they have developed through evolution. While heterotrophs ingest food and photoautotrophs photosynthesize, mixotrophic species are able to use both strategies to harvest energy and nutrients. These different trophic modes are of particular importance when nitrogen nutrition is considered. Nitrogen is required for the synthesis of amino acids, nucleic acids, chlorophylls, and toxins, and thus changes in the concentrations of various nitrogenous compounds can strongly affect both primary and secondary metabolism. For example, high nitrogen concentration is correlated with rampant cell division resulting in the formation of the algal blooms commonly called red tides. Conversely, nitrogen starvation results in cell cycle arrest and induces a series of physiological, behavioral and transcriptomic modifications to ensure survival. This review will combine physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic data to assess the mechanism and impact of nitrogen metabolism in dinoflagellates and to compare the dinoflagellate responses with those of diatoms.
Disseminated aspergillosis involving the brain: distribution and imaging characteristics.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Systemic invasive aspergillosis involves the brain through hematogenous dissemination. A retrospective review of 18 patients with aspergillosis involving the brain was performed in order to present imaging findings and thereby broaden the understanding of the distribution and imaging characteristics of brain Aspergillus infection and to facilitate its early diagnosis. METHODS The neuroimaging studies of 17 biopsy- or autopsy-proved cases and one clinically diagnosed case were examined retrospectively by two neuroradiologists. The studies were evaluated for anatomic distribution of lesions, signal characteristics of lesions, enhancement, hemorrhage, and progression on serial studies (when performed). Medical records, biopsy reports, and autopsy findings were reviewed. RESULTS Thirteen of 18 patients had involvement of the basal nuclei and/or thalami. Nine of the 10 patients with lesions at the corticomedullary junction also had lesions in the basal nuclei or thalami. Callosal lesions were seen in seven patients. Progression of lesion number and size was seen in all 11 patients in whom serial studies had been performed. Enhancement was minimal or absent in most cases. There was gross hemorrhage in eight of the 18, and definite ring-enhancement in three. CONCLUSION Among our cases, lesions in perforating artery territories were more common than those at the corticomedullary junction. Ring enhancement and gross hemorrhage may be present, but are not necessary for the prospective diagnosis.
Blind equalization and frequency offset estimation in OFDM systems exploiting guard interval redundancy

We introduce a new low-complexity equalizer for OFDM systems, which in the presence of a guard interval, utilizes existing redundancy in the time domain to completely eliminate intersymbol-interference. We prove that the usage of this guard interval redundancy is sufficient to obtain a zero-forcing time domain equalizer of the channel. The main advantage of this approach resides in its simplicity as the equalizer coefficients are estimated using a second-order least square fitting (LSF). In addition, to fully exploit the data information, we propose to use the previous LSF based equalizer in conjunction with a constant modulus algorithm (CMA). This equalizer is then adapted to take into account the frequency offset and hence allows the joint mitigation of the ISI and frequency offset effects.
Universal Luttinger Liquid Relations in the 1D Hubbard Model

We study the 1D extended Hubbard model with a weak repulsive short-range interaction in the non-half-filled band case, using non-perturbative Renormalization Group methods and Ward Identities. At the critical temperature, T = 0, the response functions have anomalous power-law decay with multiplicative logarithmic corrections. The critical exponents, the susceptibility and the Drude weight verify the universal Luttinger liquid relations. Borel summability and (a weak form of) Spin-Charge separation is established.
The Cat’s in the Cradle: 5 Personality Types’ Influence on Work-Family Conflict of Nurses

The purposes of this research were to investigate the influence from 5 personality types toward the Work-Family Conflict (WFC) on the nurses. During October to November in 2014, 100 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents to collect data in the A. Makkasau General Hospital Parepare by utilized nonprobability sampling method that is purposive sampling. Statistical tool that utilized in this research was SPSS version 20 for Windows software. The multiple regression analysis result shows that Conscientiousness was significant and negatively influencing for t-value around -2.142 with significance level for 0.035. Neuroticism is positively contributing to WFC with t-value around 2.656 and significance level for 0.010. Extraversion was negatively influencing and did not bring significant impact on WFC with t-value around -. 0 730 and significance level for 0.468. Agreeableness was negatively influencing and did not significantly contributing to the WFC with t-value around 1.897 and significance level on 0.062. Openness to Experience was negatively influencing with t-value around -. 0767 with significance level on 0.445. The findings suggest that 1) Conscientiousness was significantly and negatively influencing the WFC, which means supported by hypothesis 1; 2) Neuroticism also significantly and positively contributing to the WFC, which means supported the Hypothesis 2; 3) Organization should be able to realize that the economic costs from WFC are high and should be able to deal with the problems by implementing work flexibility for example. Personality role and benefit from work and family would not reduce an individual responsibility on organization. Thus, it can help employees to balance their working and personal life. Personality types also can help whether to increase or minimize the WFC itself also will maximize the program of the organization effectively. As an example, a training program will help a neurotic type employee to understands their on how to perceive a negative experience.