Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controlling self healing cellular networks using fuzzy logic

Wireless cellular communication networks is undergoing a transition from being a simply optional voice communication to becoming a necessity in our everyday lives. In order to ensure uninterrupted high Quality of Experience for subscribers, network operators must ensure 100% reliability of their networks without any discontinuity either for planned maintenance or breakdown. This paper demonstrates self healing capability to the fault recovery process for each cell. It is proposed to compensate cells in failure by neighboring cells optimizing their coverage with antenna reconfiguration and power compensation resulting in filling the coverage gap and improving the QoS for users. The right choice of these reconfigured parameters is determined through a process involving fuzzy logic control and reinforcement learning. Results show an improvement in the network performance for the area under outage as perceived by each user in the system.
Experimental Fast-Tracking of Morphological Analysers for Nguni Languages

The development of natural language processing (NLP) components is resource-intensive and therefore justifies exploring ways of reducing development time and effort when building NLP components. This paper addresses the experimental fast-tracking of the development of finite-state morphological analysers for Xhosa, Swati and (Southern) Ndebele by using an existing morphological analyser prototype for Zulu. The research question is whether fast-tracking is feasible across the language boundaries between these closely related varieties. The objective is a thorough assessment of recognition rates yielded by the Zulu morphological analyser for the three related languages. The strategy is to use techniques comprising several cycles of the following steps: applying the analyser to corpus data from all languages, identifying failures, and implementing the respective changes in the analyser. Tests show that the high degree of shared typological properties and formal similarities among the Nguni varieties warrants a modular fast-tracking approach. Word forms recognized by the Zulu analyser were mostly adequately interpreted. Therefore, the focus lies on providing adaptations based on failure output analysis for each language. As a result, the development of analysers for Xhosa, Swati and Ndebele is considerably faster than the creation of the Zulu prototype. The paper concludes with comments on the feasibility of the experiment, and the results of the evaluation.
TBP loading by AF4 through SL1 is the major rate-limiting step in MLL fusion-dependent transcription

ABSTRACT Gene rearrangement of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene causes leukemia by inducing the constitutive expression of a gene subset normally expressed only in the immature haematopoietic progenitor cells. MLL gene rearrangements often generate fusion products of MLL and a component of the AF4 family/ENL family/P-TEFb (AEP) complex. MLL-AEP fusion proteins have the potential of constitutively recruiting the P-TEFb elongation complex. Thus, it is hypothesized that relieving the promoter proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II is the rate-limiting step of MLL fusion-dependent transcription. AEP also has the potential to recruit the mediator complex via MED26. We recently showed that AEP activates transcription initiation by facilitating TBP loading to the TATA element through the SL1 complex. In the present study, we show that the key activity responsible for the oncogenic property of MLL-AEP fusion proteins is the TBP loading activity, and not the mediator recruitment or transcriptional elongation activities. Thus, we propose that TBP loading by AF4 through SL1 is the major rate-limiting step in MLL fusion-dependent transcription.
Seasonal Depletion of the Dissolved Iron Reservoirs in the Sub‐Antarctic Zone of the Southern Atlantic Ocean

Seasonal progression of dissolved iron (DFe) concentrations in the upper water column was examined during four occupations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. DFe inventories from euphotic and aphotic reservoirs decreased progressively from July to February, while dissolved inorganic nitrogen decreased from July to January with no significant change between January and February. Results suggest that between July and January, DFe loss from both euphotic and aphotic reservoirs was predominantly in support of phytoplankton growth (iron‐to‐carbon uptake ratio of 16 ± 3 μmol/mol), highlighting the importance of the “winter DFe reservoir” for biological uptake. During January to February, excess loss of DFe relative to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (iron‐to‐carbon uptake ratio of 44 ± 8 μmol/mol and aphotic DFe loss rate of 0.34 ± 0.06 μmol·m−2·day−1) suggests that scavenging is the dominant removal mechanism of DFe from the aphotic, while continued production is likely supported by recycled nutrients.
The Metabolism and Toxicity of Furosemide in the Wistar Rat and CD-1 Mouse: a Chemical and Biochemical Definition of the Toxicophore

Furosemide, a loop diuretic, causes hepatic necrosis in mice. Previous evidence suggested hepatotoxicity arises from metabolic bioactivation to a chemically reactive metabolite that binds to hepatic proteins. To define the nature of the toxic metabolite, we examined the relationship between furosemide metabolism in CD-1 mice and Wistar rats. Furosemide (1.21 mmol/kg) was shown to cause toxicity in mice, but not rats, at 24 h, without resulting in glutathione depletion. In vivo covalent binding to hepatic protein was 6-fold higher in the mouse (1.57 ± 0.98 nmol equivalent bound/mg protein) than rat (0.26 ± 0.13 nmol equivalent bound/mg protein). In vivo covalent binding to mouse hepatic protein was reduced 14-fold by a predose of the cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibitor, 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT; 0.11 ± 0.04 nmol equivalent bound/mg protein), which also reduced hepatotoxicity. Administration of [14C]furosemide to bile duct-cannulated rats demonstrated turnover to glutathione conjugate (8.8 ± 2.8%), γ-ketocarboxylic acid metabolite (22.1 ± 3.3%), N-dealkylated metabolite (21.1 ± 2.9%), and furosemide glucuronide (12.8 ± 1.8%). Furosemide-glutathione conjugate was not observed in bile from mice dosed with [14C]furosemide. The novel γ-ketocarboxylic acid, identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, indicates bioactivation of the furan ring. Formation of γ-ketocarboxylic acid was P450-dependent. In mouse liver microsomes, a γ-ketoenal furosemide metabolite was trapped, forming an N-acetylcysteine/N-acetyl lysine furosemide adduct. Furosemide (1 mM, 6 h) became irreversibly bound to primary mouse and rat hepatocytes, 0.73 ± 0.1 and 2.44 ± 0.3 nmol equivalent bound/mg protein, respectively, which was significantly reduced in the presence of ABT, 0.11 ± 0.03 and 0.21 ± 0.1 nmol equivalent bound/mg protein, respectively. Furan rings are part of new chemical entities, and mechanisms underlying species differences in toxicity are important to understand to decrease the drug attrition rate.
Altered Psychobiological Responsiveness in Women With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Objective Although stress has been considered an important pathophysiological factor in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), there is incomplete understanding of its physiological mechanisms. The current study was designed to compare diurnal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in IBS patients and controls and their psychobiological response to a psychosocial stressor. Methods Basal and stimulated HPA axis activity was assessed in 57 women with IBS and 20 matched controls. Psychiatric comorbidity was assessed using a standardized clinical interview. Salivary morning cortisol and diurnal profile were obtained, and the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was administered. Levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were measured before and within 1 hour after the stressor. Overall stress experience and stress related to the TSST were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Results All subjects showed intact circadian variation of cortisol. However, IBS patients with predominant diarrhea exhibited substantially heightened cortisol levels at awakening (p < .03) and a blunted cortisol awakening response. In response to the TSST, patients exhibited significantly blunted cortisol (p < .05) and slightly attenuated ACTH secretion compared with controls. During the recovery period, ACTH levels were significantly lower (p < .04) in patients than those in healthy subjects. Women with IBS perceived higher stress susceptibility than control subjects did (p < .01). Conclusions The enhanced morning cortisol levels in one subgroup of IBS patients may indicate an association between basal HPA axis activity and predominant bowel habit. The downregulated HPA axis reactivity in IBS after the TSST suggests a downregulated sensitivity of the endocrine system. On the contrary, all subjective stress ratings were increased in the IBS group, which may indicate increased stress susceptibility.
Variation in performance of oxygen therapy devices

Oxygen therapy by face mask, nasal cannula or nasal catheter has been widely practised in medicine since the end of the eighteenth century. Most methods of administration do not permit control or knowledge of dosage. Tndeed, it has been commented that oxygen 'is still perhaps probably the most misused of all drugs' 1. It is accepted practice that control over inspired oxygen concentration is necessary in ventilatory failure, particularly with regard to keeping the inspired oxygen concentration below 35 per cent. It is equally accepted practice however, that control is unnecessary in other clinical circumstances when devices delivering as high a concentration as possible are considered desirable. Unfortunately the interpretation of measurements made on patients receiving unknown doses of oxygen is not completely satisfactory. Even assessment of the patient from the end of the bed would be more easy if his inspired oxygen concentration was known. The principal object of previous studies of oxygen therapy techniques has been to compare one device with the next 21 1. Variation in performance of oxygen therapy devices from patient to patient, i.e. between-patient variation, has been described in these studies. However, breath-to-breath variation of inspired oxygen concentration in a given patient, i.e withinpatient variation, has not been given prominence in the literature. This study was therefore conducted in order to investigate the occurrence of this phenomenon during oxygen administration with a variety of devices. The problems of dead space and rebreathing during oxygen therapy have been well covered by other authors3,7.8,12. In particular Bethune & Collis, using either a model patient-device system7 or a subject trained to breathe a constant tidal volume 8, have elegantly demonstrated the dead space characteristics of the devices under such idealised circumstances. Various methods have been described by previous authors to determine inspired oxygen concentrations during clinical oxygen therapy. Some of these have theoretical objections, while others are too cumbersome for repeated clinical application. Inspiratory sampling at the lips394 or in the nasopharynx 3 may be erroneous due to streaming. Continuous mixed sampling of both inspiratory and expiratory gas'0>13 patently does not
Limits to sustained energy intake. XV. Effects of wheel running on the energy budget during lactation

SUMMARY The capacity of animals to dissipate heat may constrain sustained energy intake during lactation. We examined these constraints at peak lactation in MF1 mice that had ad libitum access to food, or that had to run a pre-set target on running wheels to obtain ad libitum access to food. The voluntary distance run decreased sharply during pregnancy and peak lactation. When lactating females were provided with 80% of their estimated food requirements, and had to run pre-set distances of 2, 4 or 6 km before given access to additional ad libitum food, most of them did not complete the running target during late lactation and the mice with the highest targets failed to reach their targets earlier in lactation. There were consequently significant group differences in asymptotic food intake (2 km, 16.97±0.40 g day−1; 4 km, 14.29±0.72 g day−1; and 6 km, 12.65±0.45 g day−1) and weaned litter masses (2 km, 71.11±2.39 g; 4 km, 54.63±4.28 g and 6 km, 47.18±2.46 g). When the females did run sufficiently to gain ad libitum food access, their intake did not differ between the different distance groups or from controls that were not required to run. Thus, despite being physically capable of running the distances, mice could not exercise sufficiently in lactation to gain regular ad libitum access to food, probably because of the risks of hyperthermia when combining heat production from exercise with thermogenesis from lactation.
A Study of the Effects of Educational and Administrative-Organizational Factors on the Students' Work Commitment

Work commitment in the organizations is a factor which leads to the development of discipline, sense of duty, morality, and improvement of human relationships at work. The existence of ethics in the organization, having commitment to the tasks and playing professional roles and behaviors in the best way and with no external control, cause inner peace and satisfaction. High level of work commitment in an organization will guarantee a rise in the productivity, the realization of sustainable development, the evolution of human cultural, the management stability, the economic order and the achievement of short-term and long-term goals of the organization. Several factors affect the various aspects of work commitment. This study aims to investigate the impact and the role of educational and administrative-organizational factors on the students’ work commitment. The study is descriptive-correlational. The sample included 800 students of public universities in Isfahan, including University of Technology, University of Medical Sciences and the University of Isfahan who were selected using a sampling method proportional to size (438 girls and 362 boys). The research tool was the researcher-made questionnaire containing 30 questions in two educational and administrative-organizational aspects. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed using multivariate correlation coefficient (regression) method. The results showed that academic and administrative-organizational factors respectively affect the students’ work commitment (P< 0.05).
On Objects , Aspects , and Specifications Addressing their Collaboration

Aspect-oriented programming enables addressing of crosscutting concerns in a modular fashion. However, for utilizing that type of modularity effectively, we need to design architectures that enable well-considered use of aspects. This calls for new types of methodologies that enable the treatment of both aspects and objects as firstclass citizens, instead of currently advocated approaches like UML that primarily place the focus on object-oriented architecture only, leaving aspects only a role as add-on facilities. In this paper, we sketch an approach where the relation of aspects and objects is defined already in the specification phase, thus allowing balancing between their role in the design. The approach is derived from experiences gained with the specification language DisCo, which was originally targeted as a formal specification method for reactive systems. so s1 s2 . Figure 1. Execution as a state sequence
Quasi-stationary distributions and population processes

This survey concerns the study of quasi-stationary distributions with a specific focus on models derived from ecology and population dynamics. We are concerned with the long time behavior of different stochastic population size processes when 0 is an absorbing point almost surely attained by the process. The hitting time of this point, namely the extinction time, can be large compared to the physical time and the population size can fluctuate for large amount of time before extinction actually occurs. This phenomenon can be understood by the study of quasi-limiting distributions. In this paper, general results on quasi-stationarity are given and examples developed in detail. One shows in particular how this notion is related to the spectral properties of the semi-group of the process killed at 0. Then we study different stochastic population models including nonlinear terms modeling the regulation of the population. These models will take values in countable sets (as birth and death processes) or in continuous spaces (as logistic Feller diffusion processes or stochastic Lotka-Volterra processes). In all these situations we study in detail the quasi-stationarity properties. We also develop an algorithm based on Fleming-Viot particle systems and show a lot of numerical pictures.
Discovery of Pulsations and a Possible Spectral Feature in the X-Ray Emission from Rotating Radio Transient J1819–1458

PSR J1819-1458 is a rotating radio transient (RRAT) source with an inferred surface dipole magnetic field strength of 5 × 1013 G and a 4.26 s spin period. We present XMM-Newton observations of the X-ray counterpart of this source, CXOU J181939.1-145804, in which we identify pulsations and a possible spectral feature. The X-ray pulsations are at the period predicted by the radio ephemeris, providing an unambiguous identification with the radio source and confirmation of its neutron star nature. The X-ray pulse has a 0.3-5 keV pulsed fraction of 34% and is aligned with the expected phase of the radio pulse. The X-ray spectrum is fit well by an absorbed blackbody with kT = 0.14 keV with the addition of an absorption feature at 1 keV, with total absorbed flux of 1.5 × 10-13 ergs cm-2 s-1 (0.3-5 keV). This absorption feature is well modeled by a Gaussian or resonant cyclotron scattering model, but its significance is dependent on the choice of continuum model. We find no evidence for any X-ray bursts or aperiodic variability on timescales of 6 ms to the duration of the observation and can place the most stringent limit to date of ≤3 × 10-9 ergs cm-2 s-1 on the absorbed 0.3-5 keV flux of any bursts.
Just showing up is not enough: Homework adherence and outcome in cognitive-behavioral therapy for cocaine dependence.

OBJECTIVE Homework in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) provides opportunities to practice skills. In prior studies, homework adherence was associated with improved outcome across a variety of disorders. Few studies have examined whether the relationship between homework adherence and outcome is maintained after treatment end or is independent of treatment attendance. METHOD This study combined data from 4 randomized clinical trials of CBT for cocaine dependence to examine relationships among homework adherence, participant variables, and cocaine use outcomes during treatment and at follow-up. The data set included only participants who attended at least 2 CBT sessions to allow for assignment and return of homework (N = 158). RESULTS Participants returned slightly less than half (41.1%) of assigned homework. Longitudinal random effects regression suggested a greater reduction in cocaine use during treatment and through 12-month follow-up for participants who completed half or more of assigned homework (3-way interaction), F(2, 910.69) = 4.28, p = . 01. In multiple linear regression, the percentage of homework adherence was associated with greater number of cocaine-negative urine toxicology screens during treatment, even when accounting for baseline cocaine use frequency and treatment attendance; at 3 months follow-up, multiple logistic regression indicated homework adherence was associated with cocaine-negative urine toxicology screen, controlling for baseline cocaine use and treatment attendance. CONCLUSIONS These results extend findings from prior studies regarding the importance of homework adherence by demonstrating associations among homework and cocaine use outcomes during treatment and up to 12 months after, independent of treatment attendance and baseline cocaine use severity. (PsycINFO Database Record
HOXBES2: A Novel Epididymal HOXB2 Homeoprotein and Its Domain-Specific Association with Spermatozoa1

Abstract The sperm from the testis acquires complete fertilizing ability and forward progressive motility following its transit through the epididymis. Acquisition of these characteristics results from the modification of the sperm proteome following interactions with epididymal secretions. In our attempts to identify epididymis-specific sperm plasma membrane proteins, a partial 2.83-kb clone was identified by immunoscreening a monkey epididymal cDNA library with an agglutinating monoclonal antibody raised against washed human spermatozoa. The sequence of the 2.83-kb clone exhibited homology to the region between 1 and 1097 bp of the homeobox gene, Hoxb2. This sequence was found to be species conserved, as revealed by RT-PCR analysis. To obtain a full-length clone of the sequence, 5′ RACE-PCR (rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR) was carried out using rat epididymal RNA as the template. It resulted in a full-length 1.657-kb cDNA encoding a 32.9-kDa putative protein. The protein designated HOXBES2 exhibited homology to the conserved 61-amino acid homeodomain region of the HOXB2 homeoprotein. However, characteristic differences were noted in its amino and carboxyl termini compared with HOXB2. A putative 30-kDa protein was detected in the tissue extracts from adult rat epididymis and caudal spermatozoa, and a 37-kDa protein was detected in the rat embryo when probed with a polyclonal antibody against HOXB2 protein. Multiple tissue Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis further indicated its expression in the cytoplasm of the principal and basal epithelial cells, with maximal expression in the distal epididymal segments. Northern blot analysis detected a single ~2.5-kb transcript from the adult epididymis. Indirect immunofluorescence localized the protein to the acrosome, midpiece, and equatorial segments of rat caudal and ejaculated human and monkey spermatozoa, respectively. In conclusion, we have identified and characterized a novel epididymal homeoprotein different from HOXB2 protein and hereafter referred to as HOXBES2, (HOXB2 homeodomain containing epididymis-specific sperm protein) with a probable role in fertilization.