Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations between empathy and big five personality traits among Chinese undergraduate medical students

Background Empathy promotes positive physician-patient communication and is associated with improved patient satisfaction, treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. It has been suggested that personality traits should be taken into consideration in programs designed to enhance empathy in medical education due to the association found between personality and empathy among medical students. However, the associations between empathy and big five personality traits in medical education are still underrepresented in the existing literature and relevant studies have not been conducted among medical students in China, where tensions in the physician-patient relationship have been reported as outstanding problems in the context of China’s current medical reform. Thus, the main objective of this study was to examine the associations between empathy and big five personality traits among Chinese medical students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical university in Northeast China in June 2016. Self-reported questionnaires including the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and Big Five Inventory (BFI) and demographic characteristics were distributed. A total of 530 clinical medical students became our final subjects. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to explore the effects of big five personality traits on empathy. Results Results of this study showed that big five personality traits accounted for 19.4%, 18.1%, 30.2% of the variance in three dimensions of empathy, namely, perspective taking, empathic concern and personal distress, respectively. Specifically, agreeableness had a strong positive association with empathic concern (β = 0.477, P<0.01), and a moderate association with perspective taking (β = 0.349, P<0.01). Neuroticism was strongly associated with personal distress (β = 0.526, P<0.01) and modestly associated with perspective taking (β = 0.149, P<0.01). Openness to experience had modest associations with perspective taking (β = 0.150, P<0.01) and personal distress (β = -0.160, P<0.01). Conscientiousness had a modest association with perspective taking (β = 0.173, P<0.01). Conclusion This study revealed that big five personality traits were important predictors of self-reported measures of both cognitive and affective empathy among Chinese medical students. Therefore, individualized intervention strategies based on personality traits could be integrated into programs to enhance empathy in medical education.
A robust moving object tracking

This paper extends the work in [4] by introducing the neighborhood querying process for reducing the effects of sensor observation errors. The objective of this work is to track moving objects by using one-bit information from sensor nodes that provide information whether an object is moving towards a group of sensors or moving away. In [3], they allowed that sensor nodes make observation errors but did not introduce the methodology to handle this problem. In this work, we use the neighborhood query process to mitigate the effects of observation errors. The process is based on neighboring information that can be used to confirm whether the current observed data are correct or not. After that, it is the responsibility of the support vector machine to classify groups of data and particle filters to track objects that follow the direction of the vector perpendicular to the optimal hyper plane obtained by the support vector machine.
Glucose Intolerance in Pregnancy and Future Risk of Pre-Diabetes or Diabetes

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that any degree of abnormal glucose homeostasis detected on antepartum screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) should be associated with an increased risk of postpartum pre-diabetes or diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this prospective cohort study, 487 women underwent 1) antepartum GDM screening by a glucose challenge test (GCT) and a diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 2) postpartum metabolic characterization by OGTT at 3 months after delivery. Four baseline glucose tolerance groups were defined on the basis of the antepartum GCT/OGTT: 1) GDM (n = 137); 2) gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) (n = 91); 3) abnormal GCT with normal glucose tolerance on an OGTT (abnormal GCT NGT) (n = 166); and 4) normal GCT with NGT on an OGTT (normal GCT NGT) (n = 93). RESULTS—The prevalence of postpartum glucose intolerance (pre-diabetes or diabetes) increased across the groups from normal GCT NGT (3.2%) to abnormal GCT NGT (10.2%) to GIGT (16.5%) to GDM (32.8%) (Ptrend < 0.0001). On logistic regression analysis, all three categories of abnormal glucose homeostasis in pregnancy independently predicted postpartum glucose intolerance: abnormal GCT NGT odds ratio (OR) 3.6 (95% CI 1.01–12.9); GIGT OR 5.7 (1.6–21.1); and GDM OR 14.3 (4.2–49.1). Furthermore, both in pregnancy and at 3 months postpartum, insulin sensitivity (ISOGTT) and pancreatic β-cell function (insulinogenic index/homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) progressively decreased across the groups from normal GCT NGT to abnormal GCT NGT to GIGT to GDM (all Ptrend < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS—Any degree of abnormal glucose homeostasis in pregnancy independently predicts an increased risk of glucose intolerance postpartum.
Study of Marital Satisfaction in Students Based on Psychological Components of Attachment Style, Perfectionism and Conflict Resolution

The purpose of this study was to predict marital satisfaction in students based on the psychological components of attachment style, perfectionism and conflict resolution. This is an applied research in terms of objective and method and a descriptive-correlational study in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all married students studying in universities of Tehran in 2017 which were calculated on the basis of Cohen, Kergeci, and Morgan table (1970) of 252 people. The data collection tools were A rich’s Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1998), Hazen and Shew (1993), Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire, Ahwaz Perfectionism Scale (1999), and Rahim's Conflict Coping Style Questionnaire (1995). In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics Incides and methods were used. So, In order to describe the collected data, the mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution tables, and to analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used by SPSS software. In general, the findings showed that there is a relationship between marital satisfaction and commitment and attachment styles and conflict resolution and perfectionism. Also, the results indicate that secure attachment is associated with a higher degree of marital satisfaction than anxious-avoidant and anxious-ambivalent attachment. Secure attachment styles have a positive relationship with marital satisfaction and anxious-avoidant and anxious-ambivalent attachment styles have a negative relationship with marital satisfaction.
Anticipated Travel Time, Information Acquisition, and Actual Experience: Hanshin Expressway Route Closure, Osaka-Sakai, Japan

Travel time is one of the most fundamental and important determinants of travel behavior. However, the travel time on which a travel decision is based is a subjective one (i.e., it is an anticipated travel time). A conceptual model of the formation of an anticipated travel time through information acquisition and initial driving experience is proposed. Day-to-day data of anticipated travel times were collected during a closure of the Hanshin Expressway Sakai Route, a toll road connecting the central business districts of Osaka and Sakai, which is located approximately 20 km south of the Osaka route closure. A test was conducted of the information dominance hypothesis (i.e., as drivers acquire more information on travel time, they can predict travel time more precisely and refer less to anticipated travel times used in the past to anticipate travel times) and the experience dominance hypothesis (i.e., influences of information not from driving experience on anticipated travel time is weaker with actual driving experience than without actual experience). Although word of mouth information does not have impacts consistent with these two hypotheses, results with other types of information support both hypotheses.
USING THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY, AND HEALTH TO PREDICT PARTICIPATION IN ADULTS WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE: THE ROLE OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL

OF DISSERTATION USING THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY, AND HEALTH TO PREDICT PARTICIPATION IN ADULTS WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE: THE ROLE OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL Participation is generally considered the ultimate rehabilitation outcome and, for individuals with progressive illnesses, elucidating the factors that impact participation is critical. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic degenerative, neurological condition affecting nearly 1 million people in the United States, making PD the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. PD has a profound negative effect on functioning and activity, but limited literature exists assessing the relationship between PD and community participation. The purpose of this study was to use the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a framework for explaining how PD affects participation. Additionally, because the ICF explains the impact of chronic illness and disability as consisting of interactions between different contextual and disease-related factors, this investigation also addressed whether the personal factors, Positive Psychological Capital (PsyCap), mediated the relationship between functioning with PD and community participation. A total of 114 individuals were surveyed from peer-led PD support groups in a Midwestern state. The study examined the individual and collective contributions of demographic characteristics, activities/functioning, environmental factors, and personal factors on community participation. Results from the hierarchical regression analysis suggest that demographic characteristics account for only 15% of the variance in participation, but when functioning was added to the model, 65% of the variance was accounted for. The addition of environmental and personal covariates did not result in any significant change in overall variance in participation. These results, along with the strong, positive linear correlations between functioning and participation (r = .78), indicate that functioning largely predicts an individual’s participation. The study also sought to identify any mediating effect of personal factors (PsyCap) on the relationship between functioning and participation. The results indicated that the completely standardized indirect coefficient was not significant, b = . 065, SE = . 0617, 95% CI = -. 213, . 029, with 0 falling within the CI, which confirms no significant effect of the mediator PsyCap. The study contributes new knowledge to the association between the symptoms associated with PD and one’s community participation. Clearly, functioning is the primary predictor of participation. The lack of mediation of PsyCap, again, supports the strength of the relationship between functioning and participation. Although PsyCap did not mediate the relationship, implications for future research are discussed.
An investigation into the effect of denture adhesives on incisal bite force of complete denture wearers using pressure transducers - a clinical study

PURPOSE Study was conducted to determine and assess the effect of different type of denture adhesives on the incisal bite force of complete denture wearers until the dislodgement of upper denture, using pressure transducer. MATERIALS AND METHODS 30 patients out of 100 were included in the study. Based on the Kapur's method of scoring denture retention and stability, these patients were divided into 3 groups- Group A - Clinically good dentures; Group B - Clinically fair dentures; and Group C - Clinically poor dentures. A custom made occlusal force meter was constructed based on the load cell type of pressure transducers. Different adhesives (powder, paste and adhesive strips) were used in the study. Complete denture wearers were asked to bite on the load cell and the readings of incisal bite force were recorded. The readings of incisal bite force were subjected to statistical analysis using Repeated measures ANOVA followed by post-hoc bonferroni test. RESULTS The result suggests that denture adhesives improved the incisal bite force of complete denture wearers significantly The incisal bite force (in kg) in Group A without using adhesives, with powder adhesive, with paste adhesive and with adhesive strips was found to be 2.48 (± 0.16), 3.43 (± 0.11), 6.01 (± 0.11), 3.22 (± 0.09) respectively. The incisal bite force (in kg) in Group B without using adhesives, with powder adhesive, with paste adhesive and with adhesive strips was found to be 1.87 (± 0.18), 3.35 (± 0.14), 5.34 (± 0.18), 3.21 (± 0.12) respectively. The incisal bite force (in kg) in Group C without using adhesives, with powder adhesive, with paste adhesive and with adhesive strips was found to be 1.00 (± 0.17), 3.07 (± 0.14), 4.37 (± 0.26), 2.99 (± 0.14) respectively. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that the use of denture adhesive was found to be significantly effective in improving the incisal bite force of complete dentures until the dislodgement of upper denture. Fittydent paste adhesive was found to be more effective than the powder and strips adhesives. The improvement in incisal bite force was found to be higher in Group C in comparison to that of Group A and Group B.
Shaping ability of reciprocating single-file and full-sequence rotary instrumentation systems in simulated curved canals

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shaping ability of three nickel-titanium systems in simulated curved canals. Materials and Methods: Sixty simulated canals were prepared to apical size 25 with Reciproc, S5, and twisted file (TF) instruments. Standardized pre and postoperative images were taken using a digital camera, were superimposed and aberrations were recorded. Material removal was measured at five points: The canal orifice, halfway to the orifice, beginning of the curve, the apex of the curve, and end-point. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov, analysis of variance, and Tukey tests. Results: The mean total width of the prepared canals in the Reciproc group was greater than the TF and S5 groups at halfway to the orifice, the beginning of the curve, the apex of the curve, and the end-point (P < 0.05). Mean absolute transportation was always <0.16 mm; however, significant differences occurred between the three systems at the orifice, halfway to the orifice, and the beginning of the curve (P < 0.05). TF created minimal absolute transportation at halfway to the orifice and the beginning of the curve, and greater absolute transportation at the orifice compared with the Reciproc and S5 instruments. However, the difference between the S5 and TF groups was not statistically significant at halfway to the orifice (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Under the conditions of the study, Reciproc produced widest canal shapes. TF provided more centered apical preparation and maintained the original canal shape well.
Creating and Characterizing a Diverse Corpus of Sarcasm in Dialogue

The use of irony and sarcasm in social media allows us to study them at scale for the first time. However, their diversity has made it difficult to construct a high-quality corpus of sarcasm in dialogue. Here, we describe the process of creating a large- scale, highly-diverse corpus of online debate forums dialogue, and our novel methods for operationalizing classes of sarcasm in the form of rhetorical questions and hyperbole. We show that we can use lexico-syntactic cues to reliably retrieve sarcastic utterances with high accuracy. To demonstrate the properties and quality of our corpus, we conduct supervised learning experiments with simple features, and show that we achieve both higher precision and F than previous work on sarcasm in debate forums dialogue. We apply a weakly-supervised linguistic pattern learner and qualitatively analyze the linguistic differences in each class.
Treatment of ischaemic stroke with prostacyclin.

Ten patients with ischaemic stroke were treated with prostacyclin (2.5-5.0 ng/kg/min i.v. in 6 h courses 4-10 times during 1-2.5 days). In all patients a dramatic regression of hemiplegia, or hemiparesis, or aphasia occurred in the first few hours of prostacyclin infusion. Four to eight weeks later 6 patients left the clinic without neurological deficit; 3 patients had minor residual hemiparesis in upper limbs. In one patient, the occlusion of the contralateral carotid artery led to his death. It is considered that an antagonism may exist between endogenous cerebral prostanoids and prostacyclin and may have been responsible for the beneficial effects of prostacyclin therapy.
FIRM VERSUS INDIVIDUAL HETEROGENEITY: LOCUS OF KNOWLEDGE AND RENT APPROPRIATION *

Knowledge-based arguments have assumed that organizations embody the knowledge, which leads to a competitive advantage. We theoretically contrast this organizational tradition with an alternative approach, which builds from the primacy of individuals. We argue that the individual is the locus of knowledge. Furthermore, given the prevailing assumption of rent appropriation by key individuals in organizations, we develop a model, which suggests that several factors moderate the extent to which individuals appropriate rents. We discuss our arguments in light of three, generally overlooked, theoretical considerations: purposive actors, mechanisms and nested heterogeneity.
Informal learning, organizational commitment and self-efficacy

Purpose This paper aims to explore a mediating effect of self-efficacy between individuals’ informal learning and their organizational commitment. Informal learning between individuals is critical in the workplace because sharing knowledge and expertise is directly related to employee’s attitude and organizational benefits such as enhanced performance and productivity. Of the many factors affecting organizational commitment, this research focuses on effects of informal learning and a mediating role of self-efficacy. Design/methodology/approach To address these research questions, this research analyzes survey data of 317 Korean workers. Through structural equation model analysis, the authors examine how informal learning affects employee commitment to organizations, where individual self-efficacy works as a mediator. Findings The analysis confirms that informal learning increases self-efficacy, whereas no directly influences organizational commitment. The analysis also demonstrates that self-efficacy mediates the relationship between informal learning and organizational commitment. This study confirms the positive relationship between informal learning and self-efficacy, whereas no direct relationship between informal learning and organizational commitment. Research limitations/implications This study has several limitations in terms of methodology. Data collection mainly relied on a survey method, which is a single source and raises the concern of common method bias. Therefore, future studies may use different types of data to solve the problem of common method biases. In addition, the study design was cross-sectional; therefore, it was unable to eliminate the biases caused by simultaneous data. Future studies can adopt a longitudinal design using different time stages to collect data in order to eliminate this bias. Originality/value The main reasons for the high rate of informal learning through activities such as on-the-job training, coaching, mentoring and community of practice include the increase in the efficiency of learning and reduction in learning costs by integrating learning and work and the effectiveness of informal learning in terms of improving performance. This research seeks to demonstrate how informal learning in the workplace influences employees’ commitment to the organization through self-efficacy.
Tight Measurement Bounds for Exact Recovery of Structured Sparse Signals

Standard compressive sensing results state that to exactly recover an s sparse signal in R^p, one requires O(s. log(p)) measurements. While this bound is extremely useful in practice, often real world signals are not only sparse, but also exhibit structure in the sparsity pattern. We focus on group-structured patterns in this paper. Under this model, groups of signal coefficients are active (or inactive) together. The groups are predefined, but the particular set of groups that are active (i.e., in the signal support) must be learned from measurements. We show that exploiting knowledge of groups can further reduce the number of measurements required for exact signal recovery, and derive universal bounds for the number of measurements needed. The bound is universal in the sense that it only depends on the number of groups under consideration, and not the particulars of the groups (e.g., compositions, sizes, extents, overlaps, etc.). Experiments show that our result holds for a variety of overlapping group configurations.
Overparenting, Emotional Distress, and Subjective Well-Being: Facets of Emotional Distress Tolerance as Mediators

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iii DEDICATION . iv LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION . 1 Psychological Functioning in Emerging Adulthood . 2 Emotional Distress . 2 Subjective Well-Being . 3 Emotional Distress Tolerance . 4 Overparenting . 8 Statement of Purpose . 11 Research Questions and Hypotheses . 12 CHAPTER II – METHODOLOGY. 14 Participants . 14 Measures . 14 Demographic Questionnaire . 14 The Helicopter Parenting Instrument (HPI) . 15 Distress Tolerance Scale) . 15 vi Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales – 21 item . 16 Satisfaction with Life Scale . 17 Procedures . 17 CHAPTER III RESULTS . 19 Bivariate Correlation Analyses . 19 Mediation Analyses . 21 CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION . 25 ;Limitations . 28 Areas for Future Research . 29 Conclusions . 30 APPENDIX A – DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIONNAIRE . 31 APPENDIX B – IRB Approval Letter . 34 APPENDIX C – Electronic Informed Consent . 35 REFERENCES . 37
Visualization of hyperspectral images

Hyperspectral images provide an innovative means for visualizing information about a scene or object that exists outside of the visible spectrum. Among other capabilities, hyperspectral image data enable detection of contamination in soil, identification of the minerals in an unfamiliar material, and discrimination between real and artificial leaves in a potted plant that are otherwise indistinguishable to the human eye. One of the drawbacks of working with hyperspectral data is that the massive amounts of information they provide requiring efficient means of being processed. In this study wavelet analysis was used to approach this problem by investigating the capabilities it provides for producing a visually appealing image from data that have been reduced in the spatial and spectral dimensions. We suggest that a procedure for visualizing hyperspectral image data that uses the peaks of the spectral signatures of pixels of interest provides a promising method for visualization. Using wavelet coefficients and data from the hyperspectral bands produces noticeably different results, which suggests that wavelet analysis could provide a superior means for visualization in some instances when the use of bands does not provide acceptable results.