Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Canada-France Deep Fields III: Photometric Redshift Distribution to I(AB) ~ 24

We compute accurate redshift distributions to I(AB) = 24 and R(AB) = 24.5 using photometric redshifts estimated from six-band UBVRIZ photometry in the Canada-France Deep Fields-Photometric Redshift Survey (CFDF-PRS). Our photometric redshift algorithm is calibrated using hundreds of CFRS spectroscopic redshifts in the same fields. The dispersion in redshift is \sigma/(1+z) \la 0.04 to the CFRS depth of I(AB) = 22.5, rising to \sigma/(1+z) \la 0.06 at our nominal magnitude and redshift limits of I(AB) = 24 and z \le 1.3, respectively. We describe a new method to compute N(z) that incorporates the full redshift likelihood functions in a Bayesian iterative analysis and we demonstrate in extensive Monte Carlo simulations that it is superior to distributions calculated using simple maximum likelihood redshifts. The field-to-field differences in the redshift distributions, while not unexpected theoretically, are substantial even on 30' scales. We provide I(AB) and R(AB) redshift distributions, median redshifts, and parametrized fits of our results in various magnitude ranges, accounting for both random and systematic errors in the analysis.
Reward Processing and Risky Decision Making in the Aging Brain

Despite the graying of the world population and increasing relevance of decision competence across the life span, scant research has focused on whether or how reward processing and risky decision making may change across adulthood. Here, we review studies that have examined how age influences psychological and neural responses to financial incentives and risk. The findings suggest that while processing of basic rewards may be maintained across the adult life span, learning about new rewards may decline as a function of age. Further, these behavioral changes can be linked to relative preservation of striatal function in the face of age-related declines in the connectivity of the prefrontal cortex to the striatum. This frontostriatal disconnection may impair risky decision making, both in the laboratory and the real world. In addition to informing theory about how affect and cognition combine to guide choice, these novel findings imply that a deeper understanding of how the aging brain processes incentives may eventually inform the design of more targeted and effective decision aids for individuals of all ages.
‘Invisible’ bilingualism – ‘invisible’ language ideologies: Greek teachers' attitudes towards immigrant pupils' heritage languages

This paper presents data from two studies – a nationwide quantitative research and an ethnographic study – on Greek schoolteachers' attitudes towards immigrant pupils' bilingualism. The quantitative data come from a large-scale questionnaire survey, which aimed at the investigation of the needs and requirements for the implementation of a pilot programme teaching migrant languages in Greek state schools. The findings provide an updated comprehensive view on how Greek teachers perceive their pupils' bilingualism and the inclusion of their heritage languages in the state school. Complementing and enhancing the quantitative data, the analysis of four teachers' semi-structured interviews, which were conducted in the context of the ethnographic study, provides insights into their language ideologies, which underlie their language views and school practices.
Multiple pathways to burnout: Cognitive and emotional scenarios in teacher burnout

Abstract This article introduces a conceptually derived model, “Multipathway to Burnout (MPB)”, which describes the optional paths of burnout sensation as it moves from low to high levels of severity. The MPB model specifies how, as a result of stress, burnout in teachers can develop in a “pincer-movement” with two identifiable “flanks”: Cognitive (personal and professional sense of nonaccomplishment), and Emotional (sense of overload and emotional exhaustion). Both flanks, either separately, or in conjunction, may lead to a battery of responses, including an expressed urge to quit the job or the profession. The model was empirically tested in a cross-sectional study, employing path analysis techniques.
Behavioral and neurochemical analysis of ongoing bone cancer pain in rats

Abstract Cancer-induced bone pain is described as dull, aching ongoing pain. Ongoing bone cancer pain was characterized after intratibial injection of breast cancer cells in rats. Cancer produced time-dependent bone remodeling and tactile hypersensitivity but no spontaneous flinching. Conditioned place preference (CPP) and enhanced dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell was observed after peripheral nerve block (PNB) selectively in tumor-bearing rats revealing nociceptive-driven ongoing pain. Oral diclofenac reversed tumor-induced tactile hypersensitivity but did not block PNB-induced CPP or NAc DA release. Tumor-induced tactile hypersensitivity, and PNB-induced CPP and NAc DA release, was blocked by prior subcutaneous implantation of a morphine pellet. In sham rats, morphine produced a modest but sustained increase in NAc DA release. In contrast, morphine produced a transient 5-fold higher NAc DA release in tumor bearing rats compared with sham morphine rats. The possibility that this increased NAc DA release reflected the reward of pain relief was tested by irreversible blockade of rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) &mgr;-opioid receptors (MORs). The rACC MOR blockade prevented the morphine-induced transient increased NAc DA release in tumor bearing rats but did not affect morphine-induced effects in sham-operated animals. Consistent with clinical experience, ongoing cancer pain was controlled by morphine but not by a dose of diclofenac that reversed evoked hypersensitivity. Additionally, the intrinsic reward of morphine can be dissociated from the reward of relief of cancer pain by blockade of rACC MOR. This approach allows mechanistic and therapeutic assessment of ongoing cancer pain with likely translation relevance.
Overlapping jurisdictions, disputed territory, unsettled state: the perplexing case of citizenship in Kosovo

This paper examines the nascent citizenship regime in Kosovo since the country's declaration of independence in 2008. It argues that the defining characteristics of the Kosovan citizenship are: (1) adoption of the ‘new-state’ model (i.e. inclusion into its citizenship of all Kosovo residents); (2) tension between civic and multicultural conceptions of citizenship on the one side, and ethno-national conceptions on the other; and (3) contested nature and overlapping jurisdictions. In addition, it claims that the present legal, political and territorial dispute in Kosovo seriously undermines the consolidation of Kosovo's citizenship regime and has turned Kosovo into a territory of de facto shared sovereignties (condominium-like constellations).
Varieties of Serous Surface Papillary Carcinoma of the Peritoneum in Northern Germany: A Thirty‐Year Autopsy Study

From a total of 62,858 autopsy files kept over a 30-year period (1961-1990), all cases that met the following criteria were extracted: (a) main tumor masses in the peritoneum with no evidence of origin from any adjacent organ; (b) histologic features suggestive of serous ovarian carcinoma; (c) ovaries definitely recognizable as having either no tumorous involvement or tumor confined to the surface and cortex of the ovaries; and (d) in patients with a history of abdominal operations, availability of slides and reports. From 670 stages III and IV serous carcinomas of the ovary, we retrieved 57 cases (8%) of serous surface papillary carcinoma (SSPC) of the peritoneum. All SSPCs occurred in women with an age range from 47 to 84 years (median 66 years). Eight cases (14%) were grade I, 36 (63%) were grade II, and 13 (23%) were grade III. Histologically, four cases (7%) resembled malignant epithelial mesothelioma in major parts of the tumor, and in one case endometrioid differentiation of the tumor was conspicuous. Additional histochemical and immunohistochemical examinations were performed in 30 cases of SSPC. In 14 cases (47%) neutral mucosubstances were identified by periodic acid-Schiff positivity after diastase predigestion, and in 16 cases (53%) acid mucosubstances were identified by alcian blue staining. In one of these cases the alcian blue-positive substances were abolished under predigestion by testicular hyaluronidase. Tumor cells stained positive for cytokeratin (100% of the cases), B72.3 (90%), Ber-EP4 (83%), CD 15 (57%), placental alkaline phosphatase (53%), CA 125 (43%), vimentin (23%), and carcinoembryonic antigen (10%). The survival rates at 1 year for SSPC (0%) were significantly shorter (p = 0.03) in comparison with stages III and IV ovarian carcinomas (34%). Problems of definition and differential diagnosis of SSPC are discussed.
Preliminary Results of the Scale of Self-Perception for School Children (SPSC)

The author describes the characteristics of established methods for measuring the child's self-perception. She points out that in creating the instruments for measuring the self-perception of preschool children and children in the lower grades of elementary school, it is necessary to take into account some of their developmental psychological characteristics, such as short-span attention, inconsistency in their answers, tendency to give socially acceptable answers, etc. A new self-report instrument, the Scale of Self-Perception for School Children (SPSC) is described. The scale was tested in research which involved 240 children attending the first to fourth grades of elementary school (they are from 7 to 11 years old). The purpose of the study is to investigate the psychometric properties of SPSC. Dimensionality, internal consistency, and validity of the scale were adequate. Girls rated themselves higher on academic competence and artistic aesthetic competence and interest in artistic activities, while boys rated themselves higher on negative behaviour and motor competence. Significant grade differences were found in self-perception of anxiousness and social acceptance. Replication studies using clinical groups and samples from different cultures will be needed to assess the generalizability of the results.
Identification and Validation of Reference Genes for Transcript Normalization in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) Defense Responses

Strawberry (Fragaria spp) is an emerging model for the development of basic genomics and recombinant DNA studies among rosaceous crops. Functional genomic and molecular studies involve relative quantification of gene expression under experimental conditions of interest. Accuracy and reliability are dependent upon the choice of an optimal reference control transcript. There is no information available on validated endogenous reference genes for use in studies testing strawberry-pathogen interactions. Thirteen potential pre-selected strawberry reference genes were tested against different tissues, strawberry cultivars, biotic stresses, ripening and senescent conditions, and SA/JA treatments. Evaluation of reference candidate’s suitability was analyzed by five different methodologies, and information was merged to identify best reference transcripts. A combination of all five methods was used for selective classification of reference genes. The resulting superior reference genes, FaRIB413, FaACTIN, FaEF1α and FaGAPDH2 are strongly recommended as control genes for relative quantification of gene expression in strawberry. This report constitutes the first systematic study to identify and validate optimal reference genes for accurate normalization of gene expression in strawberry plant defense response studies.
Successful Physical Activity Programming for Students with Autism

The purpose of this article is to describe a successful physical activity program for students with autism. The content of this program, known as Success in Physical Activity, focuses on two areas: physical fitness and motor ability. Development of this activity program was based on adaptations of the Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communications-Handicapped Children (TEACCH) recreational structure program. The TEACCH recreational structure program includes the following elements: physical structure, schedules, and task organization. Each element is modified to adhere to the physical education environment and to accommodate the unique characteristics and preferences of students with autism.
Union Revitalization Strategies in Comparative Perspective

This introductory article provides a preliminary explanation of the cross-national similarities and differences of union revitalization strategies discussed in this special issue. Differences in the institutional context of industrial relations as well as state policies and employer strategies explain some major differences in how national unions are responding to the current socio-economic challenges. However, our findings reveal that union responses are also influenced by their own internal structures. In particular, we use insights of the social movement literature to highlight the importance of the cognitive or `framing' processes through which unions as actors translate and act upon changes in the environment.
Managing Relationships of the Republic of Science and the Kingdom of Industry.

Purpose – This article investigates the reasons for collaboration and the barriers to cooperation between universities and industry organizations. In an increasingly integrated world, cooperation between universities and companies is likely to grow in forthcoming years.Design/methodology/approach – The approach taken in this article differs from previous works in the sense that it reveals the psychological frameworks that academics and managers hold about collaborating with each other. Data come from a survey of academic and managerial staff working in several universities and companies in Portugal and Finland.Findings – Overall results show that academics still see companies as information sources for their researches, but they are also willing to participate in joint projects in which academic knowledge is not the sole output.Originality/value – Provides information for companies and universities with regard to how to embark on such cooperative endeavors.
Cardiac and coronary CT comprehensive imaging approach in the assessment of coronary heart disease

Cardiac CT is a rapidly advancing technology. Non-invasive CT coronary angiography is an established technique for assessing coronary heart disease with accuracy similar to invasive coronary angiography. CT myocardial perfusion imaging can now identify perfusion defects in animal models and humans. MRI is the current ‘gold standard’ for the assessment of myocardial viability, but it is now also possible to assess delayed enhancement by CT. This has led to the possibility of a ‘one-stop shop’ for cardiovascular imaging that would provide information on anatomy, function, perfusion and viability in one rapid diagnostic test at a radiation dose equivalent to contemporary nuclear medicine imaging. This review discusses the current status of ‘one-stop shop’ cardiac CT assessment, clinical utility and directions for future research.
The Impact of an Assigned Performance Goal on Feedback Seeking Behavior

This study was designed to test the impact of an assigned performance goal on feedback seeking behavior. Subjects brainstormed uses for two common objects. During the first brainstorming trial, all subjects performed without an explicit performance goal. For the second trial, half of the participants were assigned a goal. Feedback seeking behavior was defined as an intermedi- ate count of production taken by a subject as he or she worked on the task. Results showed that (a) subjects in the assigned goal condition were more likely to seek feedback about their performance than subjects who worked without a goal; and (b) among subjects in the goal condition, those who sought feedback were more likely to meet their goal than subjects who did not. These results support Ashford and Cummings's (1983) view that feed- back is sought because it is a resource that can be used to meet goals.
Human Papillomavirus 16 E5 Modulates the Expression of Host MicroRNAs

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a prerequisite of developing cervical cancer, approximately half of which are associated with HPV type 16. HPV 16 encodes three oncogenes, E5, E6, and E7, of which E5 is the least studied so far. Its roles in regulating replication and pathogenesis of HPV are not fully understood. Here we utilize high-throughput screening to coordinately investigate the effect of E5 on the expression of host protein-coding and microRNA genes. MicroRNAs form a class of 22nt long noncoding RNAs with regulatory activity. Among the altered cellular microRNAs we focus on the alteration in the expression of miR-146a, miR-203 and miR-324-5p and their target genes in a time interval of 96 hours of E5 induction. Our results indicate that HPV infection and subsequent transformation take place through complex regulatory patterns of gene expression in the host cells, part of which are regulated by the E5 protein.
MULTI-TEMPORAL LANDSAT IMAGE CLASSIFICATION AND CHANGE ANALYSIS OF LAND COVER IN THE TWIN CITIES (MINNESOTA) METROPOLITAN AREA

This paper describes the methods and results of classifications of multi-temporal Landsat TM/ETM+ data of the seven-county Twin Cities Metropolitan Area of Minnesota for 1986, 1991 and 1998. The overall classification accuracies were 95% for the three years, and the change detection accuracy was 88-90%. The classifications showed that the amount of urban or developed land increased from 25.8% to 30.6% of the total area between 1986 and 1998. The results are being used to project future growth patterns, analyze landscape diversity and fragmentation, and examine relationships to factors such as distance to highway. The classifications have provided an economical and accurate way to quantify, map and analyze changes over time in land cover.
How Has Empirical Monetary Policy Analysis Changed after the Financial Crisis?

In the wake of the Great Recession, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate (FFR) target essentially to zero and resorted to unconventional monetary policy. With the nominal FFR constrained by the zero lower bound (ZLB) for an extended period, empirical monetary models cannot be estimated as usual. In this paper, we consider whether the standard empirical model of monetary policy can be preserved without breaks. We consider whether alternative policy instruments (e.g., a long-term interest rate) can be considered substitutes for the FFR over the ZLB period. Furthermore, we compare the shadow rates proposed in Krippner [2012] and Wu and Xia [2016] as alternative measures of the stance of monetary policy. We ask whether the shadow rate is a sufficient representation of the policy instrument or if the financial crisis requires other modifications. We find that, when using a dataset that spans both the pre-ZLB and ZLB periods, the shadow rate acts as a fairly good proxy for monetary policy by producing impulse responses of macro indicators similar to what we’d expect based on the post-WWII, non-ZLB benchmark and by displaying stable parameter estimates when compared to this benchmark.
Histologic Findings of Antibody‐Mediated Rejection in ABO Blood‐Group‐Incompatible Living‐Donor Kidney Transplantation

The purpose of this study was to characterize the histology of antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) in ABO blood‐group‐incompatible (ABOI) kidney transplants as well as on protocol biopsies performed at the time of stable allograft function. Between 5/99 and 1/02, we performed 32 ABOI kidney transplants (13 A2, 19 non‐A2 blood‐group living donors). Nineteen biopsies were performed for allograft dysfunction, and 127 protocol biopsies were performed 0, 3, 7, 14, 28 days and 3 and 12 months post transplant. Twenty‐five of 32 patients have functioning allografts (mean 585 days post transplant). Nine of 32 (28%) developed clinical AMR. Biopsy revealed glomerular thrombi (78%), mesangiolysis (78%), peritubular capillary C4d staining (56%) and neutrophil infiltration (67%), interstitial hemorrhage and necrosis (56%) and arteriolar thrombi (33%). Subclinical AMR was diagnosed by protocol biopsies in four patients. Findings consisted of glomerular thrombi (100%), mesangiolysis (25%), and C4d staining (100%). In late protocol biopsies performed 214–420 days post transplant, mild mesangiolysis was seen in 2/17 (11.7%), and C4d immunostaining was detected in 3/12 (25%). AMR is characterized by glomerular thrombi, mesangiolysis, peritubular capillary neutrophil infiltration interstitial hemorrhage, necrosis, and C4d deposition. Glomerular thrombi appear early in AMR and may appear prior to graft dysfunction.
Adaptive Smart Neural Network Tracking Control of Wheeled Mobile Robots

Adaptive smart neural network controller design is presented in this paper for wheeled mobile robots with unknown dynamics. The controller is constructed at the dynamical level. The smart neural control scheme is designed such that the current control action not only can utilize the knowledge that neural networks learned from the past experience, but also keep the learning ability in the operational phase and finish the same control task in a 'smarter' way. The proposed neural control scheme can act smartly in the operational phase after the networks have been well trained in the training phase, in a way similar to the control process of human in learning to accomplish some complicated control tasks. All the system states are shown to be able to track the desired trajectory. Numerical simulation is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method
Patterns of agonistic interactions in three species of macaque (Macaca mulatta, M. fascicularis, M. tonkeana)

Patterns of aggression and response to aggression were studied in three groups ofmacaques living in semiliberty, each group representing a different species: Macacamulatta, M fascicularis, and M tonkeana. In Macaca mulatta, intensity of aggressionis high G>iting is frequent) and symmetry in aggression is low: the aggressee most oftenflees or submits. In Macaca tonkeana, in contrast, biting is exceptional, aggression isvery often bidirectional, and appeasement behaviors are frequently observed. Inter-mediate patterns are found in Macaca fascicularis with, in addition, especially frequentmild forms of submission. It is argued that relationships exist between intensity ofaggression, symmetry in aggression, and development of behaviors controlling aggres-sion. Whether balances between these variables are species-speciric is discussed.Key words: aggression, control of aggression, interspecific comparisons, macaques
A Review on Biomarkers for Treatment Response in Major Depressive Disorder

Despite the significance of major depressive disorder, objective procedures for selecting optimal treatments are lacking, there is a need for reliable and objective measures capable of differentiating between those who may or may not respond to specific treatments. Studies using neuroimaging, neurocognitive, and electrophysiologic measures have found that pre-treatment differences among depressed patients are related to subsequent clinical response to antidepressant drugs. Besides some clinical features and biological markers, the modern methods of brain imaging and quantitative electroencephalogram might be useful in prediction of treatment response.