Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification Codes as an Adverse Drug Event Surveillance System

Background:Adverse drug events (ADEs) are one of the most frequent causes of iatrogenic injury. Because International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes are routinely assigned to inpatient discharges, they could provide a method to detect ADEs within a hospital, a state, and the nation. Objective:The objective of this study was to determine validity of selected ICD-9-CM codes in identifying inpatient ADEs. Research Design:An expert panel identified 416 ICD-9-CM codes to represent ADEs (flagged ADE codes). Retrospective chart review using a structured tool was performed to ascertain code performance in detecting ADEs. Subjects:Subjects included 3103 inpatients from all 41 acute care hospitals in Utah in 2001: 1961 inpatients sampled randomly (random sample) and 1142 inpatients sampled from the discharge records with at least one flagged ADE code (flagged sample). Measures:Measures were ADEs identified by structured review. Results:The flagged sample yielded 1122 flagged ADE codes recorded in patient charts with 704 representing ADEs (63%). Two hundred eighty-six of the 704 verified ADE codes (41%) were determined to be inpatient ADEs. In the random sample, 32 of 58 ADEs (55%) causing hospital admission were detected by the ADE-flagged codes. Only 23 of 224 inpatient ADEs had been assigned a flagged ADE code (10%). Conclusions:Flagged ADE codes have an overall positive predictive value of 63% and detect just over half of ADEs causing hospital admission. These codes have a positive predictive value of 25% for inpatient ADEs but detect only 10% of overall inpatient ADEs. Flagged ADE codes provide an imperfect but immediately available ADE surveillance system.
Developmental Dyscalculia Is a Familial Learning Disability

Whereas current evidence attests to a genetic component in the etiology of dyslexia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little is known about the role of genetics in developmental dyscalculia (DC). The objective of this study was to determine the familial aggregation of DC. Siblings and parents of children with DC were assessed for arithmetic, reading and attention disorders. The criteria for DC were an IQ higher than 85, poor performance in arithmetic, and a significant discrepancy between arithmetic achievement and IQ. The study group was composed of 39 children with DC, 21 mothers, 22 fathers, 90 siblings, and 16 second-degree relatives. We found that 66% of mothers, 40% of fathers, 53% of siblings, and 44% of second-degree relatives had DC. The intraclass correlation between the sib pairs was . 27. A 95% confidential interval (CI) for the prevalence of DC among siblings of DC probands (see Note 1) ranged from 40% to 64%, indicating a familial prevalence almost tenfold higher than expected for the general population. IQ and attention problems were not risk factors for DC. We conclude that DC, like other learning disabilities, has a significant familial aggregation, suggesting a role for genetics in the evolution of this disorder.
Idiosyncratic Cash Flows and Systematic Risk

We show that unpriced cash flow shocks contain information about future priced risk. A positive idiosyncratic shock decreases the sensitivity of firm value to priced risk factors and simultaneously increases firm size and idiosyncratic risk. A simple model can therefore explain book-to-market and size anomalies, as well as the negative relation between idiosyncratic volatility and stock returns. Empirically, we find that anomalies are more pronounced for firms with high idiosyncratic cash flow volatility. More generally, our results imply that any economic variable correlated with the history of idiosyncratic shocks can help to explain expected stock returns.
Utilizing Usernames for Sex Categorization in Computer-Mediated Communication: Examining Perceptions and Accuracy

As more interpersonal interactions move online, people increasingly get to know and recognize one another by their self-selected identifiers called usernames. Early research predicted that the lack of available cues in text based computer-mediated communication (CMC) would make primitive categories such as biological sex irrelevant in online interactions. Little is known about the types of perceptions people make about one another based on this information, but some limited research has shown that questions about gender are the first to be asked in online interactions and sex categorization has maintained salience. The current project was designed to examine the extent to which individuals might include obvious gender information in their usernames, as well as how easily gender could be attributed from usernames. Seventy-five coders were asked whether or not they could assign 298 people to a sex category based only on their username, and then to rate how confident they were in making the attribution. Results indicated that coders were fairly inaccurate in making these attributions, but moderately confident. Additionally, the results indicated that neither women nor men were more accurate in attributing gender from usernames, and that neither women nor men tended to use more obvious gender markers in their usernames. Additionally, those who did use obvious gender markers in their username tended to have less experience with computer chat. The results are discussed in conjunction with the limitations of the present investigation, and possibilities for future research.
The Inevitable Stability of Software Change

Real software systems change and become more complex over time. But which parts change and which parts remain stable? Common wisdom, for example, states that in a well-designed object-oriented system, the more popular a class is, the less likely it is to change from one version to the next, since changes to this class are likely to impact its clients. We have studied consecutive releases of several public domain, object-oriented software systems and analyzed a number of measures indicative of size, popularity, and complexity of classes and interfaces. As it turns out, the distributions of these measures are remarkably stable as an application evolves. The distribution of class size and complexity retains its shape over time. Relatively little code is modified over time. Classes that tend to be modified, however, are also the more popular ones, that is, those with greater Fan-In. In general, the more "complex" a class or interface becomes, the more likely it is to change from one version to the next.
A continuum model of lipid bilayers

We study a one-dimensional continuum model for lipid bilayers. The system consists of water and lipid molecules; lipid molecules are represented by two ‘beads’, a head bead and a tail bead, connected by a rigid rod. We derive a simplified model for such a system, in which we only take into account the effects of entropy and hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions. We show that for this simple model membrane-like structures exist for certain choices of the parameters, and numerical calculations suggest that they are stable.
Bimodal Emotion Recognition using Speech and Physiological Changes

With exponentially evolving technology it is no exaggeration to say that any interface for human-robot interaction (HRI) that disregards human affective states and fails to pertinently react to the states can never inspire a user’s confidence, but they perceive it as cold, untrustworthy, and socially inept. Indeed, there is evidence that HRI is more likely to be accepted by the user if it is sensitive towards the user’s affective states, as expression and understanding of emotions facilitate to complete the mutual sympathy in human communication. To approach the affective human-robot interface, one of the most important prerequisites is a reliable emotion recognition system which guarantees acceptable recognition accuracy, robustness against any artifacts, and adaptability to practical applications. Emotion recognition is an extremely challenging task in several respects. One of the main difficulties is that it is very hard to uniquely correlate signal patterns with a certain emotional state because even it is difficult to define what emotion means in a precise way. Moreover, it is the fact that emotion-relevant signal patterns may widely differ from person to person and from situation to situation. Gathering “ground-truth” dataset is also problematical to build a generalized emotion recognition system. Therefore, a number of assumptions are generally required for engineering approach to emotion recognition. Most research on emotion recognition so far has focused on the analysis of a single modality, such as speech and facial expression (see (Cowie et al., 2001) for a comprehensive overview). Recently some works on emotion recognition by combining multiple modalities are reported, mostly by fusing features extracted from audiovisual modalities such as facial expression and speech. We humans use several modalities jointly to interpret emotional states in human communication, since emotion affects almost all modes, audiovisual (facial expression, voice, gesture, posture, etc.), physiological (respiration, skin temperature etc.), and contextual (goal, preference, environment, social situation, etc.) states. Hence, one can expect higher recognition rates through the integration of multiple modalities for emotion recognition. On the other hand, however, more complex classification and fusion problems arise. In this chapter, we concentrate on the integration of speech signals and physiological measures (biosignals) for emotion recognition based on a short-term observation. Several advantages can be expected when combining biosensor feedback with affective speech. First
Is early Class III protraction facemask treatment effective? A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial: 3-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of early class III protraction facemask treatment in children under 10 years of age at 3-year follow-up. DESIGN Multicentre randomized controlled trial. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Seventy-three patients were randomly allocated, stratified for gender, into early class III protraction facemask group (PFG) (n = 35) and a control/no treatment group (CG) (n = 38). OUTCOMES Dentofacial changes were assessed from lateral cephalograms and occlusal changes using the peer assessment rating (PAR). Self-esteem was assessed using the Piers-Harris children's self-concept scale, and the psychosocial impact of malocclusion with oral aesthetic subjective impact score (OASIS) questionnaire. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) signs and symptoms were also recorded. The time points for data collection were at registration (DC1), 15 months later (DC2) and 3 years post-registration (DC3). RESULTS The following mean skeletal and occlusal changes occurred from the class III starting point to DC3 (3-year follow-up): SNA, PFG moved forwards +2·3° (CG forward +1·6°; P = 0·14); SNB, PFG moved forwards +0·8° (CG forward +1·5°, P = 0·26); ANB, PFG class III base improved +1·5° (CG stayed about the same at +0·1°; P = 0·001). This contributed to an overall difference in ANB between PFG and CG of +1·4° in favour of early protraction facemask treatment. The overjet was still improved by +3·6 mm in the PFG and changed a small amount +1·1 mm in the CG (P = 0·001). A 21% improvement in PAR was shown in the PFG and the CG worsened by 8·4% (P = 0·02). There was no increase in self-esteem (Piers-Harris score) for PFG compared with the CG (P = 0·56) and no statistically significant difference in the impact of malocclusion (OASIS) between groups in terms of the changes from DC1 to DC3 (P = 0·18). TMJ signs and symptoms were very low at DC1 and DC3. CONCLUSIONS The favourable effect of early class III protraction facemask treatment undertaken in patients under 10 years of age, is maintained at 3-year follow-up in terms of ANB, overjet and % PAR improvement. The direct protraction treatment effect at SNA is still favourable although not statistically significantly better than the CG. Seventy per cent of patients in PFG had maintained a positive overjet which we have defined as ongoing treatment success. Early protraction facemask treatment does not seem to influence self-esteem or reduce the patient's personal impact of their malocclusion at 3-year follow-up.
Subfertility in Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis and the Outcome of Fertility Assessments

Subfertility is frequently encountered among female rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and has been associated with disease activity and antirheumatic drugs. However, little is known about the results of the fertility assessments in these women. Our aim was to study the outcome of fertility assessments in subfertile women with RA.
Studies on mechanical, rheological, thermal and morphological properties of in situ silica-filled butadiene rubber composites

Silica is introduced in butadiene rubber (BR) in situ by solution sol–gel method at low and high content. This results in uniformly dispersed spherically shaped silica in rubber matrix as revealed from Scanning electron microscopy study. Incorporation of in situ silica imparts moderate reinforcement to BR composite. Mechanical property and silica distribution are eventually improved by using a silane coupling agent as a surface modifier. Thermal, rheological, morphological, mechanical and melting behaviours of the composites are evaluated and analysed in a comparative manner.
IEEE 802.11 e contention-based channel access (EDCF) performance evaluation

IEEE 802.11 e medium access control (MAC) is an emerging supplement to the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) standard to support quality-of-service (QoS). The 802.11e MAC is based on both centrally-controlled and contention-based channel accesses. In this paper, we evaluate the contention-based channel access mechanism, called enhanced distributed coordination function (EDCF), in comparison with the 802.11 legacy MAC. The ECDF provides differentiated channel access to frames with different priorities. We also consider an optional feature of the EDCF, called contention-free burst (CFB), which allows multiple MAC frame transmissions during a single transmission opportunity (TXOP). Through our simulation study, we conclude that the EDCF can provide differentiated channel access for different traffic types. Furthermore, the CFB is found to enhance the EDCF performance by increasing the overall system throughput and achieving more acceptable streaming quality in terms of frame losses and delays.
Pathological complete remission in patients with oesophagogastric cancer receiving preoperative 5‐fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and docetaxel

The aim of this study was to determine the pathological complete remission (pCR) rate, and its relationship to clinical outcome, in patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach or oesophagogastric junction receiving preoperative 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and docetaxel (FLOT) every 2 weeks. Data from these patients who received at least one cycle of preoperative FLOT followed by surgery were prospectively collected in three German centres. Outcome analyses were conducted and tumour samples were evaluated for pathological remission by a central pathologist. A total of 46 patients were included in this analysis. All patients had clinical T3‐ and/or N+‐stages and 11 (23.9%) had distant metastases (M1). After a median of 4 (range 2–8) preoperative cycles, 8 of 46 patients (17.4%) achieved a pCR. The pCR rate was highest in tumours of intestinal type histology (30.8%) and in those located in the oesophagogastric junction (30.4%) and lowest in patients with diffuse/mixed type tumours (0%) or tumours located in the stomach (4.3%; p < 0.05 for both comparisons). Patients with pCR had 100% probability of overall and disease‐free survival (DFS) during the observation period, which was significantly higher (p = 0.037 and p = 0.009, respectively) than the survival probability in patients without pCR. In conclusion, treatment intensification using FLOT was associated with significant pCR rates in patients with oesophagogastric cancer. The distribution of pCR appeared to be significantly different according to histological type and location of the tumours.
WATCH IT: a community based programme for obese children and adolescents

Background: The WATCH IT programme was developed to address the needs of obese children from disadvantaged communities in Leeds and has been running since January 2004. Results of the pilot phase, prior to a randomised controlled trial, are presented. Methods: A process evaluation to assess success of implementation was conducted in December 2004. User views (parent and child) were obtained by semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Change in BMI SD score was calculated for children attending between January 2004 and November 2005. Results: A total of 94 children (49 girls, 45 boys), mean age (SD) 12.2 (2.0) years attended. They were moderately to severely obese (mean BMI SDS 3.09 (0.45), with low quality of life and self-image scores. There was a significant reduction in overweight at 6 months (ΔBMI SD −0.07), especially for teenagers (ΔBMI SD −0.13) and girls (ΔBMI SD −0.07). The programme was successfully implemented. By December 2004 mean attendance was 2.1 (0.7) clinics per month, and sports sessions 3.3 (1.7) sessions per month. Fourteen children dropped out and non-attendance was low (only 7.5% sessions missed in 12 months). Qualitative research indicated significant appreciation of the service, with reported increase in self-confidence and friendships, and reduction in self-harm. Conclusion: WATCH IT offers a model for a community based service for obese children. The programme suggests that effective care can be delivered by health trainers supervised by health professionals, and so potentially provides a cost effective programme within children’s communities. These findings are encouraging, and need to be substantiated by extension to other locations and evaluation by randomised controlled trial.
Dark Matter Substructure within Galactic Halos

We use numerical simulations to examine the substructure within galactic and cluster mass halos that form within a hierarchical universe. Clusters are easily reproduced with a steep mass spectrum of thousands of substructure clumps that closely matches the observations. However, the survival of dark matter substructure also occurs on galactic scales, leading to the remarkable result that galaxy halos appear as scaled versions of galaxy clusters. The model predicts that the virialized extent of the Milky Way's halo should contain about 500 satellites with circular velocities larger than the Draco and Ursa Minor systems, i.e., bound masses ≳108 M☉ and tidally limited sizes ≳1 kpc. The substructure clumps are on orbits that take a large fraction of them through the stellar disk, leading to significant resonant and impulsive heating. Their abundance and singular density profiles have important implications for the existence of old thin disks, cold stellar streams, gravitational lensing, and indirect/direct detection experiments.
Sensitivity to Object Impossibility in the Human Visual Cortex: Evidence from Functional Connectivity

Processing spatial configuration is a fundamental requirement for object recognition. Using fMRI, the neural basis underlying this ability was examined while human participants viewed possible and visually similar, but spatially impossible, objects presented for either long or short exposure duration. Response profiles in object-selective cortical regions exhibited sensitivity to object possibility, but only for the long exposure duration. Contrary, functional connectivity, indexed by the pairwise correlations between activation profiles across ROIs, revealed sensitivity to possibility, evident in enhanced correlations for impossible compared with possible objects. Such sensitivity was found even following a brief exposure duration, which allowed only minimal awareness of possibility. Importantly, this sensitivity was correlated with participants' general spatial ability as assessed by an independent neuropsychological test. These results suggest that the visual system is highly susceptible to objects' 3-D structural information even with minimal perceptual awareness. Such sensitivity is captured at the level of functional connectivity between object-selective regions, rather than the absolute level of within-region activity, implicating the role of interregional synchronization in the representation of objects' 3-D structure.
Undifferentiated and differentiated adipose‐derived stem cells improve nerve regeneration in a rat model of facial nerve defect

Autologous nerve grafting is the current procedure used for repairing facial nerve gaps. As an alternative to this method, tissue engineering cell‐based therapy using induced pluripotent stem cells, Schwann cells and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells has been proposed. However, these cells have major problems, including tumorigenesis in induced pluripotent stem cells and invasiveness and limited tissue associated with harvesting for the other cells. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs), which can be harvested easily and repeatedly by a minimally invasive liposuction procedure. The ASCs had characteristics of mesenchymal tissue lineages and could differentiate into Schwann‐like cells that were relatively simple to isolate and expand in culture. In an in vivo study, a silicone conduit containing undifferentiated ASCs, differentiated ASCs or Schwann cells were transplanted, embedded in a collagen gel and the efficacy of repair of a 7 mm‐gap in the rat facial nerve examined. Morphometric quantification analysis of regenerated facial nerves after a regeneration period of 13 weeks showed that undifferentiated ASCs, differentiated ASCs, and Schwann cells had similar potential for nerve regeneration. Furthermore, the functional recovery of facial nerve regeneration using a rat facial palsy scoring system in the three groups was close to that in autologous nerve graft positive controls. These findings suggest that undifferentiated and differentiated ASCs may both have therapeutic potential in facial nerve regeneration as a source of Schwann cells in cell‐based therapy performed as an alternative to autologous nerve grafts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nearly Orthogonal Waveforms for MIMO FMCW Radar

Herein is proposed a set of nearly orthogonal waveforms based on offset linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals for multiple-input, multiple-output frequency modulated continuous wave (MIMO FMCW) radar operation. The orthogonality of sounding signals is a critical point for many multi-channel radar applications because the interference between signals can significantly limit the radar's ability for observation of weak targets in the presence of strong targets and clutter. High orthogonality for the proposed waveforms can be obtained by using de-ramping processing in the MIMO FMCW radar receiver. The experimental results presented demonstrate that a high orthogonality level is achievable for a specific multi-channel FMCW radar.