Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Truth is Longer Than a Lie: Children's Experiences of Abuse and Professional Interventions

1. The power of children's voices. 2. The silencing of children. 3.Child-centred practice: the foundation to effective research with children who have been abused. 4. The ethics of listening to children in research. 5. A chance to be heard: involving children who have been abused in research. 6. Children's voices: their views on abuse and the impact of abuse. 7. Children's voices: their views about making disclosures, about abusers and about non-offending parents. 8. Children's voices: Their experiences of professional intervention. 9. Children as hostages to abuse. 10. Children's vulnerability to abuse: a double-edged issue. 11. The complexity of listening professionally to children. 12. The way forward. References. Index.
Highly Efficient Perovskite Nanocrystal Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by a Universal Crosslinking Method

The preparation of highly efficient perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting diodes is shown. A new trimethylaluminum vapor-based crosslinking method to render the nanocrystal films insoluble is applied. The resulting near-complete nanocrystal film coverage, coupled with the natural confinement of injected charges within the perovskite crystals, facilitates electron-hole capture and give rise to a remarkable electroluminescence yield of 5.7%.
The Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder and its presence predicts poor prognosis. The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is among the most frequent causes of hyponatremia and is caused by a variety of disorders and pathomechanisms, mostly related to malignancy, pulmonary, or neurologic disorders. The introduction of small molecule vasopressin receptor-2 (VR2) antagonists, so called vaptans, into clinical medicine for the treatment of SIADH makes a reliable diagnosis of SIADH mandatory. This requires structured assessment of essential and supplemental criteria of SIADH, an approach that is currently frequently neglected in clinical routine. Hypertonic saline remains the gold standard in the initial treatment of symptomatic SIADH with severe neurological deficits. However, correction of hyponatremia needs to be slow (<10-12 mmol/l within the first 24 h, and <18 mmol/l within the first 48 h, respectively) to avoid osmotic myelinolysis. Fluid restriction and demeclocyclin have been the most widely used treatments for chronic hyponatremia in SIADH. However, fluid restriction suffers from poor long-term acceptance and demeclocyclin lacks broad availability and has been associated with safety concerns. In controlled clinical trials vaptans have been shown to be efficacious both during short-term and long-term administration (up to 12 months) for mild to moderate SIADH with an acceptable safety profile. However, clinical experience with vaptans in SIADH outside of carefully monitored clinical trials remains still rather limited. Thus, careful postmarketing surveillance will be crucial to fully appreciate the risks and benefits of this new class of drugs in SIADH.
Shape matching: similarity measures and algorithms

Shape matching is an important ingredient in shape retrieval, recognition and classification, alignment and registration, and approximation and simplification. This paper treats various aspects that are needed to solve shape matching problems: choosing the precise problem, selecting the properties of the similarity measure that are needed for the problem, choosing the specific similarity measure, and constructing the algorithm to compute the similarity. The focus is on methods that lie close to the field of computational geometry.
Effects of Competition, Predation, and Dispersal on Species Richness at Local and Regional Scales

This study explores the consequences of predator‐mediated coexistence among competitors for patterns of incidence and diversity at local and regional scales. We develop a model that draws on elements of metapopulation models of competitors and food chains by allowing competitors to coexist locally in the presence of predators but not in their absence. The model predicts that predators promote regional coexistence by greatly expanding the range of conditions under which two competitors persist at equilibrium. Predators could have positive or negative effects on mean local diversity within the region depending on their dispersal rates, those of the prey, and their effects on prey extinction rates. The presence of predators increased the abundance of inferior competitors, thereby expanding the conditions for positive relationships between local and regional diversity. The model also predicted positive correlations between local diversity of predators and prey. These predictions were supported by patterns of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish species richness among lakes. The model may help to resolve the apparent contrast between linear patterns of local and regional richness and experimental evidence for strong invasion resistance and rapid dispersal in zooplankton.
The School-Years Screening Test for the Evaluation of Mental Status Test-reliability and cognitive functioning stability

The study investigated the test-reliability and cognitive functioning stability (argued to be separate concepts) of the School-Years Screening Test for the Evaluation of Mental Status for 5 to 8 year old children (n = 135) utilising two different models. The models developed by Heise and Wiley and Wiley are introduced to the field of psychological research and test development. Age and total testing time were considered within these models. Test-reliability was high and cognitive functioning was found to be stable between initial and subsequent testing sessions.
IGF-I in grazing dairy ewes during late pregnancy and lactation and its correlation to biochemical markers of bone metabolism

We investigated the infl uence of late pregnancy and lactation on bone metabolism in grazing dairy sheep, by measuring concentrations of minerals and bone markers in blood serum. The research was performed on ten cross-breed ewes (Istrian × East-Friesian). The concentrations of total Ca, inorganic P, total Mg, the activity of total alkaline phosphatase (AP) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), concentrations of carboxyterminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), insulin-like growth factor - I (IGF-I) and 17- β estradiol (E2) were determined in the blood serum. The results showed signifi cantly lower Ca concentrations in blood during lactation and P concentrations in the period of late lactation. Late lactation was characterized by the lowest CTx concentration and higher BAP activity. The obtained results are related to a decrease in the degree of bone resorption and an increase in the deposition of minerals in the bone tissue during late lactation. The increased concentration of CTx, with the simultaneous decrease in BAP activity in the period of late pregnancy and early lactation indicate a high magnitude of bone resorption. The concentration of IGF-I in the blood serum of the ewes is positively correlated with the activities of the total AP and BAP and the total Ca and Mg, which could be related to the activity of IGF-I on the osteoblasts and the release of minerals from the bones. The results of the present study show a relationship between concentrations of IGF-I and bone remodelling markers in the blood serum of dairy ewes, and their mutual correlation with changes in estradiol concentration.
Decline of medical student idealism in the first and second year of medical school: a survey of pre-clinical medical students at one institution

Background Idealism declines in medical students over the course of training, with some studies identifying the beginning of the decline in year 3 of US curricula. Purposes This study tested the hypothesis that a decline in medical student idealism is detectable in the first two years of medical school. Methods We sought to identify differences in survey responses between first-year (MS1) and second-year (MS2) medical students at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of academic year 2010 on three proxies for idealism, including items asking about: (a) motivations for pursuing a medical career; (b) specialty choice; and (c) attitudes toward primary care. Principle component analysis was used to extract linear composite variables (LCVs) from responses to each group of questions; linear regression was then used to test the effect of on each LCV, controlling for race, ethnicity, rural or urban origins, gender, and marital status. Results MS2s placed more emphasis on status/income concerns (β=0.153, p<0.001), and much less emphasis on idealism as a motivator (β=−0.081, p=0.054), in pursuing a medical career; more likely to consider lifestyle and family considerations (β=0.098, p=0.023), and less likely to consider idealistic motivations (β=−0.066, p=NS); and were more likely to endorse both negative/antagonistic (β=0.122, p=0.004) and negative/sympathetic (β=0.126, p=0.004) attitudes toward primary care. Conclusions The results are suggestive that idealism decline begins earlier than noted in other studies, implying a need for curricular interventions in the first two years of medical school.
A differentially coherent PN code acquisition receiver for CDMA systems

New differentially coherent detectors for acquisition of direct sequence spread-spectrum signals are introduced. These detectors are alternatives to the noncoherent detectors that have been considered almost exclusively in the past. The proposed detectors are suitable for commercial code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems which operate with a relatively large noise floor and provide a surprisingly large signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement over the noncoherent detectors of approximately 5 dB. Under the random code sequence assumption, an exact analysis of the differentially coherent detection performance for both full period correlation (FPC) and partial period correlation (PPC) is carried out. The detector performance in terms of detection and false alarm probabilities for both partial and full period correlations is investigated, and the results are compared with those of classical noncoherent detection. The mean acquisition time for both single-dwell and multiple-dwell acquisition schemes are compared with their noncoherent counterparts.
A web-based clinical trial management system for a sham-controlled multicenter clinical trial in depression

Background Clinical trial investigators and sponsors invest vast amounts of resources and energy into conducting trials and often face daily challenges with data management, project management, and data quality control. Rather than waiting months for study progress reports, investigators need the ability to use real-time data for the coordination and management of study activities across all study team members including site investigators, oversight committees, data and safety monitoring boards, and medical safety monitors. Web-based data management systems are beginning to meet this need but what distinguishes one system from the other are user needs/requirements and cost. Purpose To illustrate the development and implementation of a web-based data and project management system for a multicenter clinical trial designed to test the superiority of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation versus sham for the treatment of patients with major depression. Methods The authors discuss the reasons for not using a commercially available system for this study and describe the approach to developing their own web-based system for the OPT-TMS study. Timelines, effort, system architecture, and lessons learned are shared with the hope that this information will direct clinical trial researchers and software developers towards more efficient, user-friendly systems. Results The developers use a combination of generic and custom application code to allow for the flexibility to adapt the system to the needs of the study. Features of the system include: central participant registration and randomization; secure data entry at the site; participant progress/study calendar; safety data reporting; device accounting; monitor verification; and user-configurable generic reports and built-in customized reports. Limitations Hard coding was more time-efficient to address project-specific issues compared with the effort of creating a generic code application. As a consequence of this strategy, the required maintenance of the system is increased and the value of using this system for other trials is reduced. Conclusion Web-based central computerized systems offer time-saving, secure options for managing clinical trial data. The choice of a commercially available system or an internally developed system is determined by the requirements of the study and users. Pros and cons to both approaches were discussed. If the intention is to use the system for various trials (single and multi-center, phases I—III) across various therapeutic areas, then the overall design should be a generic structure that simplifies the general application with minimal loss of functionality.
The importance of employee participation and perceptions of changes in procedures in a teamworking intervention

Abstract The powerful positive results of implementing teamwork are not always achieved. It has been suggested that attempts to implement theories regarding teamwork do not always lead to those theories being put into practice, and as a result positive outcomes are not always found. The participation of employees in the development and implementation of an intervention may help to ensure that changes take place. In this longitudinal study (N=583) of teamwork implementation in Denmark we examined the links between pre-intervention working conditions and well-being, levels of participation in planning and implementation, employees' reports of changes in procedures, and intervention outcomes. Pre-intervention levels of autonomy and job satisfaction predicted the degree of employee participation in the planning and implementation of the intervention. Pre-intervention well-being and social support were linked directly to the degree to which employees reported changes in existing work practices concerning teamwork. In addition, participation and changes in work procedures were significantly associated with post-intervention autonomy, social support and well-being. The results indicate that employee participation in intervention processes is crucial in what appears to be an important association with perceived changes in procedures and, therefore, in intervention outcomes.
Vehicle Exhaust Gas Clearance by Low Temperature Plasma-Driven Nano-Titanium Dioxide Film Prepared by Radiofrequency Magnetron Sputtering

A novel plasma-driven catalysis (PDC) reactor with special structure was proposed to remove vehicle exhaust gas. The PDC reactor which consisted of three quartz tubes and two copper electrodes was a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The inner and outer electrodes firmly surrounded the outer surface of the corresponding dielectric barrier layer in a spiral way, respectively. Nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) film prepared by radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering was coated on the outer wall of the middle quartz tube, separating the catalyst from the high voltage electrode. The spiral electrodes were designed to avoid overheating of microdischarges inside the PDC reactor. Continuous operation tests indicated that stable performance without deterioration of catalytic activity could last for more than 25 h. To verify the effectiveness of the PDC reactor, a non-thermal plasma(NTP) reactor was employed, which has the same structure as the PDC reactor but without the catalyst. The real vehicle exhaust gas was introduced into the PDC reactor and NTP reactor, respectively. After the treatment, compared with the result from NTP, the concentration of HC in the vehicle exhaust gas treated by PDC reactor reduced far more obviously while that of NO decreased only a little. Moreover, this result was explained through optical emission spectrum. The O emission lines can be observed between 870 nm and 960 nm for wavelength in PDC reactor. Together with previous studies, it could be hypothesized that O derived from catalytically O3 destruction by catalyst might make a significant contribution to the much higher HC removal efficiency by PDC reactor. A series of complex chemical reactions caused by the multi-components mixture in real vehicle exhaust reduced NO removal efficiency. A controllable system with a real-time feedback module for the PDC reactor was proposed to further improve the ability of removing real vehicle exhaust gas.
Moult speed constrains the expression of a carotenoid‐based sexual ornament

We investigated the effect of moult speed on the expression of a sexually selected, carotenoid‐based feather ornament in the rock sparrow (Petronia petronia). We experimentally accelerated the moult speed of a group of birds by exposing them to a rapidly decreasing photoperiod and compared the area and the spectral characteristics of their ornaments with those of control birds. Birds with accelerated moulting rate showed a smaller yellow patch with lower yellow reflectance compared to their slow‐moulting counterparts. Considering that the time available for moulting is usually constrained between the end of the breeding season and migration or wintering, carotenoid feather ornaments, whose expression is mediated by moult speed, may convey long term information about an individual's condition, potentially encompassing the previous breeding season. Furthermore, the observed trade‐off between moult speed and ornament expression may represent a previously unrecognized selective advantage for early breeding birds.
iMinerva: A Mathematical Model of Distributional Statistical Learning

Statistical learning refers to the ability to identify structure in the input based on its statistical properties. For many linguistic structures, the relevant statistical features are distributional: They are related to the frequency and variability of exemplars in the input. These distributional regularities have been suggested to play a role in many different aspects of language learning, including phonetic categories, using phonemic distinctions in word learning, and discovering non-adjacent relations. On the surface, these different aspects share few commonalities. Despite this, we demonstrate that the same computational framework can account for learning in all of these tasks. These results support two conclusions. The first is that much, and perhaps all, of distributional statistical learning can be explained by the same underlying set of processes. The second is that some aspects of language can be learned due to domain-general characteristics of memory.
Anomalous in-plane polarization dependence of optical gain in compressively strained GaInAsP-InP quantum-wire lasers

In-plane polarization anisotropy of optical gain in compressively strained GaInAsP-InP quantum wire (Q-wire) lasers including elastic strain relaxation induced band mixing is studied. The interaction between two-dimensional (2-D) quantum confinement and elastic strain relaxation effects is found to be complex depending qualitatively also on the wire width. Additional valence band mixing due to strain relaxation has a strong influence on the polarization dependence of optical gain. In the absence of elastic strain relaxation, gain is the maximum for tranverse electric (TE) polarization with the electric field parallel to the wire axis (TE/sub /spl par//), in agreement with the existing theory. On the other hand, when strain relaxation is strong, contrary to the existing theory, valence band mixing causes the gain to be the maximum in TE polarization with the electric field normal to the wire axis (TE/sub /spl perp//). Moreover, Q-wire lasers without suppression of strain relaxation are more likely to exhibit ground-state lasing for TE/sub /spl perp// polarization. These results suggest that in the presence of strong strain relaxation, a laser cavity parallel to the wire axis would provide higher gain. Therefore, the appropriate orientation of the laser cavity in strained GaInAsP-InP Q-wire lasers should be decided after carefully studying the polarization dependence of gain. Our calculation also shows that strong strain relaxation causes in-plane polarization anisotropy to show complex, nonmonotonic dependence on the wire width. Consequently, in such structures, in-plane polarization anisotropy may not be regarded as a direct measure of 2-D confinement effects.
Modeling Thermal Comfort and Optimizing Local Renewal Strategies—A Case Study of Dazhimen Neighborhood in Wuhan City

Modeling thermal comfort provides quantitative evidence and parameters for effective and efficient urban planning, design, and building construction particularly in a dense and narrow inner city, which has become one of many concerns for sustainable urban development. This paper aims to develop geometric and mathematical models of wind and thermal comfort and use them to examine the impacts of six small-scale renewal strategies on the wind and thermal environment at pedestrian level in Dazhimen neighborhood, Wuhan, which is a typical case study of urban renewal project in a mega-city. The key parameters such as the solar radiation, natural convection, relative humidity, ambient crosswind have been incorporated into the mathematical models by using user-defined-function (UDF) method. Detailed temperature and velocity distributions under different strategies have been compared for the optimization of local renewal strategies. It is concluded that five rules generated from the simulation results can provide guidance for building demolition and reconstruction in a neighborhood and there is no need of large-scale demolition. Particularly, combining the local demolition and city virescence can both improve the air ventilation and decrease the temperature level in the study area.
Horizontal Workplace Aggression and Coworker Social Support Related to Work-Family Conflict and Turnover Intentions

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact pdxscholar@pdx.edu. Recommended Citation Van Dyck, Sarah Elizabeth, "Horizontal Workplace Aggression and Coworker Social Support Related to Work-Family Conflict and Turnover Intentions" (2013). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 652.
Improved Identity Based Online/Offline Signature Scheme

Online/offline signatures are used in many applications where the signer must respond quickly once the message to be signed is presented. The idea is to split the signing process into two phases: The first phase is performed offline before the message to be signed is available and the second phase is performed online after the message to be signed is provided. Recently, an identity-based online/offline signature scheme was proposed for authentication for routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Network. Unfortunately, we show that this scheme is insecure in the paper, it is universally forgeable. Anyone can produce a forged signature on arbitrary message without the private key of a signer and a valid signature of a message. To overcome the drawback, an improved scheme is proposed. A security analysis shows that the proposed scheme is proved secure against existential forgery on an adaptively chosen message attack under the assumption of Computational Diffie Hellman in the random oracle model.