Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A History of Artists' Film and Video in Britain

In recent years the use of film and video by British artists has come to widespread public attention. Jeremy Deller, Douglas Gordon, Steve McQueen and Gillian Wearing all won the Turner Prize (in 2004, 1996, 1999 and 1997, respectively) for work made on video. This fin-de-siecle explosion of activity represents the culmination of a long history of work by less well-known artists and experimental filmmakers. Ever since the invention of film in the 1890s, artists have been attracted to the possibilities of working with moving images, whether in pursuit of visual poetry, the exploration of the art form's technical challenges, the hope of political impact, or the desire to reinvigorate such time-honored subjects as portraiture and landscape. Their work represents an alternative history to that of commercial cinema in Britain - a tradition that has been only intermittently written about until now.This major new book is the first comprehensive history of artists' film and video in Britain. Structured in two parts ('Institutions' and 'Artists and Movements'), it considers the work of some 300 artists, including Kenneth Macpherson, Basil Wright, Len Lye, Humphrey Jennings, Margaret Tait, Jeff Keen, Carolee Schneemann, Yoko Ono, Malcolm Le Grice, Peter Gidal, William Raban, Chris Welsby, David Hall, Tamara Krikorian, Sally Potter, Guy Sherwin, Lis Rhodes, Derek Jarman, David Larcher, Steve Dwoskin, James Scott, Peter Wollen and Laura Mulvey, Peter Greenaway, Patrick Keiller, John Smith, Andrew Stones, Jaki Irvine, Tracy Emin, Dryden Goodwin, and Stephanie Smith and Ed Stewart.Written by the leading authority in the field, "A History of Artists' Film and Video in Britain, 1897-2004" brings to light the range and diversity of British artists' work in these mediums as well as the artist-run organizations that have supported the art form's development. In so doing it greatly enlarges the scope of any understanding of "British cinema" and demonstrates the crucial importance of the moving image to British art history.
INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE THROUGH FACEBOOK

Previous studies do not investigate the factors affecting small and medium enterprises (SMEs) competitive intelligence through Facebook in the context of Malaysia. This article surveys the use of Facebook for Competitive Intelligence in the context of Malaysia. Data were collected based on the following factors: Logo, wallpaper, Pictures and Description, Inbound Communication, Aesthetics and Visual Quality, Network Scope and Reach, Interaction Quality and Language Use through Facebook. Five SMEs located in Malaysia were selected for the research. It was found that Pizza Hut Facebook page has the largest network scope and reach with 763,114 followers. The success of having this followership could be attributed to competitive prices and promotions offered by the SMEs, Use of translator to translate Chines language to English which makes it possible to communicate with other races not necessarily in Malaysia, quality and description of pictures displayed on the cover page of Pizza Hut's Facebook page, short and minimally interactive post on the Facebook page. The major factors that deserved more attention from SMEs for successful competitive intelligence are Language use, quality pictures and description, inbound communication and, aesthetics and visual Quality.
Key ingredients for the effective implementation of Six Sigma program

Six Sigma is a business strategy and a systematic methodology, use of which leads to breakthrough in profitability through quantum gains in product/service quality, customer satisfaction and productivity. The concept of implementing Six Sigma processes was pioneered at Motorola in the 1980s and the objective was to reduce the number of defects to as low as 3.4 parts per million opportunities. For the effective implementation of Six Sigma projects in organisations, one must understand the critical success factors that will make the application successful. This paper presents the key ingredients, which are essential for Six Sigma implementation. These ingredients are generated from a pilot survey conducted in the UK manufacturing and service organisations.
Australian Evidence on Student Expectations and Perceptions of Introductory Business Finance

This study examines the differences in perceptions and expectations between students at the Caulfield and Peninsula campuses of Monash University with different entrance criteria and degree availability to determine whether two different introductory finance subjects should be offered rather than one. Results reported in this study suggest that students at the Caulfield campus are interested in studying a challenging introductory finance subject, whereas students at the Peninsula campus perceived that introductory finance is 'difficult'. Capital structure and cost of capital topics are statistically significantly ranked higher by Caulfield students than Peninsula students. The results reported in this study revealed that two different introductory finance subjects would be more effective. The core subject at the finance major campus (Caulfield) follows a traditional structure with more emphasis on finance theory, whereas the new subject at the non-finance campus (Peninsula) places greater emphasis on applications. Copyright (c) The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2006 AFAANZ.
Age of onset and sexual orientation in transsexual males and females.

INTRODUCTION With regard to transsexual developments, onset age (OA) appears to be the starting point of different psychosexual pathways. AIM To explore differences between transsexual adults with an early vs. late OA. METHODS Data were collected within the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence using the Dutch Biographic Questionnaire on Transsexualism (Biografische Vragenlijst voor Transseksuelen) and a self-constructed score sheet according to the DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition, Text Revision) criteria of Gender Identity Disorder (GID) and Gender Identity Disorder in Childhood (GIDC). One hundred seventy participants were included in the analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Transsexual adults who, in addition to their GID diagnosis, also fulfilled criteria A and B of GIDC ("a strong cross-gender identification,""persistent discomfort about her or his assigned sex") retrospectively were considered as having an early onset (EO). Those who fulfilled neither criteria A nor B of GIDC were considered as having a late onset (LO). Participants who only fulfilled criterion A or B of GIDC were considered a residual (RES) group. RESULTS The majority of female to males (FtMs) appeared to have an early OA (EO = 60 [77.9%] compared to LO = 10 [13%] and to RES = 7 [9.1%]). Within male to females (MtFs), percentages of EO and LO developments were more similar (EO = 36 [38.7%], LO = 45 [48.4%], RES = 12 [12.9%]). FtMs presented to gender clinics at an earlier age than MtFs (28.04 to 36.75). The number of EO vs. LO transsexual adults differed from country to country (Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway). CONCLUSION OA has a discriminative value for transsexual developments and it would appear that retrospective diagnosis of GIDC criteria is a valid method of assessment. Differences in OA and sex ratio exist between European countries.
Leverage and Strategic Preemption: Lessons from Entry Plans and Incumbent Investments

This paper empirically investigates the effect of leverage on strategic preemption. Using new data on entry plans and incumbent investments from the American casino industry, I find that high leverage prevents incumbents from responding to entry threats. Facing the same set of entry plans, low-leverage incumbents expand physical capacity (by 30%), whereas high-leverage incumbents do not. This difference in investment matters because capacity installations preempt eventual entry. Stock market reactions to withdrawn plans imply that effective preemption increases incumbent firm value by 5%. My findings suggest that leverage matters for industry composition, not just firm-level investment.
Development and Testing of a Conceptual Model Regarding Men’s Access to Health Care

Epidemiologic data suggest men often experience excessive morbidity and early mortality, possibly compromising family and community health over the lifespan. Moreover, the negative financial/economic consequences affected by poor male health outcomes also has been of great concern in the United States and abroad. Early and consistent access to preventative health care may improve health outcomes; however, men are far less likely to access these services. The purpose of this study was to understand what factors preclude men from accessing health care. We surveyed 485 participants using a 58-item online survey built from a conceptual model previously developed by the researchers using hegemonic masculinity theory, the theory of normative contentment, and the health belief model. For men, three items significantly (ps < .05) predicted whether they had seen a health care provider in the past year: “I/Men do not access healthcare because I do not think there is anything wrong with me,” “My health is only about me,” and “I/Men do not access healthcare because most men in my family do not access healthcare. ” Other correlations of practical significance also were noted. Results suggest gender norms and masculine ideals may play a primary role in how men access preventative health care. Future programming targeting males should consider barriers and plan programs that are gender-sensitive in addition to being gender-specific. Clinical implications are discussed.
Intracerebral Transplantation of Differentiated Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Hemiparkinsonian Monkeys

To explore stem cell therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), three adult rhesus monkeys were first rendered hemiparkinsonian by unilateral intracarotid 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) infusion. Five months postinfusion, they were given MRI-guided stereotaxic intrastriatal and intranigral injections of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled cultures of dopaminergic neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells (DA-hES cells). The animals were immunosuppressed using daily oral cyclosporine (CsA). Three months later, viable grafts were observed at the injection sites in one animal, while no obvious grafts were present in the other two monkeys. The surviving grafts contained numerous GFP-positive cells that were positively labeled for nestin and MAP2 but not for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), NeuN, or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The grafted areas in all animals showed dense staining for GFAP, CD68, and CD45. These results indicated that xenografts of human stem cell derivatives in CsA-suppressed rhesus brain were mostly rejected. Our study suggests that immunological issues are obstacles for preclinical evaluation of hES cells and that improved immunosuppression paradigms and/or alternative cell sources that do not elicit immune rejection are needed for long-term preclinical studies.
Galactosemic Neuropathy in Transgenic Mice for Human Aldose Reductase

We studied the functional consequences of an enhanced polyol pathway activity, elicited with galactose feeding, on the peripheral nerve of transgenic mice expressing human aldose reductase. Nontransgenic littermate mice were used as controls. With a quantitative immunoassay, the expression level of human aldose reductase in the sciatic nerve was 791 ± 44 ng/mg protein (mean ± SE), about 25% of that in human sural nerve. When the transgenic mice were fed food containing 30% galactose, significant levels of galactitol accumulated in the sciatic nerve. Galactose feeding of nontransgenic littermate mice led to a 10-fold lower accumulation of galactitol. Galactose feeding for 16 weeks caused a significant and progressive decrease in motor nerve conduction velocity in transgenic mice to 80% of the level of galactose-fed littermate mice, which was not significantly different from that of galactose-free littermate mice. A morphometric analysis of sciatic nerve detected > 10% reduction of mean myelinated fiber size but no alterations of myelinated fiber density in galactose-fed transgenic mice compared with other groups. The functional and structural changes that develop in galactose-fed transgenic mice are similar to those previously reported in diabetic animals. The results of these studies suggest that transgenic mice expressing human aldose reductase may be a useful model not only for defining the role of the polyol pathway in diabetic neuropathy but also for identifying and characterizing effective inhibitors specific for human aldose reductase.
Measuring Socio-economic Status in the Millennium Villages: The Role of Asset Index Choice

How are poverty analyses and poverty traps assessments affected by the choice among conventional methods of asset index construction? To address this question, this article uses panel data from four sites in the Millennium Villages Project (MVP) in Malawi, Tanzania, Mali and Ghana to study the relationship between eight asset indices and the sensitivity of findings related to poverty rates, poverty transitions and poverty traps to the index used. We find that although estimations of poverty rates and transitions are largely consistent across indices, evidence of poverty traps can be conditional on which asset index is used. The asset indices studied include structural income, principal components, factor analysis and a reduced set of assets reflecting the portfolio assessed in the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data.
Does generic advertising work? A systematic evaluation of the Danish campaign for fresh fish

Abstract Before and after the 3‐year generic advertising campaign for fresh fish in Denmark, representative consumer samples were surveyed with regard to their attitudes towards fresh fish, perceived family norms, availability of fresh fish in shops, meal preparation skills, intentions to buy fresh fish, and actual consumption frequencies. In the pre‐campaign survey (effective N = 641), significant determinants of consumption frequency were availability in shops, meal preparation skills, and intentions to buy fresh fish. Consistent with the intended effects of the campaign, availability in shops and meal preparation skills lost their influence in the post‐campaign survey (effective N = 523). Instead, family norms were the only direct as well as indirect (mediated by intention to buy) influences on consumption frequency. Mean levels of intention to buy and consumption frequency were significantly higher after the campaign.
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS AN INSTRUMENT TO EMPOWERING SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are reckoned as the main player in domestic economic activities. This paper tries to contribute to the development and understanding of SMEs by encompassing social entrepreneurship as an empowering instrument. Considering the latest thought for intellectual milieu, this paper discloses the buried interlocking principles for social entrepreneurship by Islamic doctrine. The plot of current research is generated by few related frameworks that are in line with the Islamic notion which reviews the roles and obstacles of SMEs development. Given the extensive attentions on Islamic values, this paper reveals that every Muslim entrepreneur and related supporting agent must change their old vision into the new one- that they should work more productively. Besides, in many countries, several programs to empower SMEs have practically exposed its significant need and development. Therefore, a number of policies, initiatives and objectives are drawn to build social entrepreneurship to empower SMEs. However, empowering SMEs can change Muslim entrepreneurs’ vision regarding fair production which is attributed by Islam. Therefore, there is a need to a condition in which the cooperation between Islamic financial institutions and SMEs is naturally embedded in social capital structure.
Price Pressure and Overnight Seasoned Equity Offerings

Between 2009 and 2014, 75% of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) were announced and issued overnight, compared to 27% between 2000 and 2008. Overnight issuers obtain a higher SEO offer price because they experience more favorable pre-offer returns. Consistent with these favorable returns being due to the avoidance of pre-issue selling pressure, non-overnight issuers experience a 2.5% pre-issue stock-price decline that reverses within 7 days. This post-issue reversal is increasing in SEO offer size and bigger following large pre-issue price declines. In contrast, returns following overnight offerings are less positive and unrelated to SEO offer size or pre-issue returns.
Shareholder Protection: The Role of Multiple Large Shareholders

Manuscript Type. Empirical. Research Question/Issue. This paper addresses the effect of having multiple large shareholders on shareholder protection. More specifically, we examine to what extent this effect depends on whether such large shareholders are beneficiary or fiduciary. Research Findings/Insights. Analyzing longitudinal, hand‐collected data covering Swiss listed companies, we find that having several large shareholders leads to overall higher shareholder protection (i.e. adoption of more formal corporate governance mechanisms). This is because large shareholders have an interest in putting more formal governance mechanisms in place when there is another large shareholder that might try to extract rents at the expense of others. Moreover, we find that this effect is driven by the presence of several beneficiary shareholders, i.e. shareholders that invest their own wealth in the company in contrast to dispersed ownership and fiduciary shareholders, i.e. shareholders acting on behalf of others. Theoretical/Academic Implications. Building on recent developments in agency theory, this paper contributes to the corporate governance literature by empirically showing that potential “principal‐principal” conflicts among large shareholders lead to overall better shareholder protection in terms of more formal governance mechanisms being adopted. This finding contrasts with situations in which there is only one large shareholder that does not have an interest in strengthening formal corporate governance. Our findings imply, however, that the characteristics of the large shareholders matter: Fiduciary shareholders in the Swiss setting are mostly passive buy‐and‐hold shareholders and therefore do not engage extensively in improving shareholder protection. Beneficiary shareholders, in contrast, directly intervene in the governance of the firm (i.e. governance by voice), so that in the presence of multiple beneficiary shareholders, more formal governance mechanisms help to monitor not only management but the other large shareholders as well. In addition, more formal governance mechanisms serve as a platform to coordinate their diverging objectives. Practitioner Implications. We demonstrate the influence of a second (or several) large beneficiary shareholder(s), on corporate governance and the benefit to all shareholders. In addition, we propose the strengthening of governance mechanisms as a platform to reconcile conflicting interests among prominent shareholders and contribute to the debate on the allocation of certain voting privileges to long‐term shareholders.
AML1 Interconnected Pathways of Leukemogenesis

The AML1 transcription factor, identified by the cloning of the translocation t(8;21) breakpoint, is one of the most frequent targets for chromosomal translocations in leukemia. Furthermore, polysomies and point mutations can also alter AML1 function. AML1, also called CBFα2, PEBPα2 or RUNX1, is thus implicated in a great number of acute leukemias via a variety of pathogenic mechanisms and seems to act either as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene. Characterization of AML1 knockout mice has shown that AML1 is necessary for normal development of all hematopoietic lineages and alterations in the overall functional level of AML1 can have a profound effect on hematopoiesis. Numerous studies have shown that AML1 plays a vital role in the regulation of expression of many genes involved in hematopoietic cell development, and the impairment of AML1 function disregulates the pathways leading to cellular proliferation and differentiation. However, heterozygous AML1 mutations alone may not be sufficient for the development of leukemia. A cumulative process of mutagenesis involving additional genetic events in functionally related molecules, may be necessary for the development of leukemia and may determine the leukemic phenotype. We review the known AML1 target genes, AML1 interacting proteins, AML1 gene alterations and their effects on AML1 function, and mutations in AML1-related genes associated with leukemia. We discuss the interconnections between all these genes in cell signaling pathways and their importance for future therapeutic developments.
Immunosuppressive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nicotine Administered by Patch in an Animal Model

ABSTRACT To study the immunological effects of nicotine, there are several rodent models for chronic nicotine administration. These models include subcutaneously implanted miniosmotic pumps, nicotine-spiked drinking water, and self-administration via jugular cannulae. Administration of nicotine via these routes affects the immune system. Smokers frequently use nicotine patches to quit smoking, and the immunological effects of nicotine patches are largely unknown. To determine whether the nicotine patch affects the immune system, nicotine patches were affixed daily onto the backs of Lewis rats for 3 to 4 weeks. The patches efficiently raised the levels of nicotine and cotinine in serum and strongly inhibited the antibody-forming cell response of spleen cells to sheep red blood cells. The nicotine patch also suppressed the concanavalin A-induced T-cell proliferation and mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ by spleen cells, as well as the fever response of animals to subcutaneous administration of turpentine. Moreover, immunosuppression was associated with chronic activation of protein tyrosine kinase and phospholipase C-γ1 activities. Thus, in this animal model of nicotine administration, the nicotine patch efficiently raises the levels of nicotine and cotinine in serum and impairs both the immune and inflammatory responses.
Not Just Domestic Engineers: An Exploratory Study of Homemaker Entrepreneurs

There are millions of homemakers in the United States, but there is scant research on the entrepreneurial activities of this important segment of the population. Using data collected through the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED), this article explores and discusses the significant differences between full–time homemakers who intend to start businesses and a comparison group of non–homemakers who intend to start businesses. In addition to providing a revealing look at this subset of future entrepreneurs, this study illustrates the power of the PSED to allow exploration of unique entrepreneur groups. Following our data analyses, we discuss implications and future research directions to better understand this unique subset of entrepreneurial individuals who are pursuing new ventures.