Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EEG Vigilance Regulation Patterns and Their Discriminative Power to Separate Patients with Major Depression from Healthy Controls

Background/Aim: Recently, a framework has been presented that links vigilance regulation, i.e. tonic brain arousal, with clinical symptoms of affective disorders. Against this background, the aim of this study was to deepen the knowledge of vigilance regulation by (1) identifying different patterns of vigilance regulation at rest in healthy subjects (n = 141) and (2) comparing the frequency distribution of these patterns between unmedicated patients with major depression (MD; n = 30) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 30). Method: Each 1-second segment of 15-min resting EEGs from 141 healthy subjects was classified as 1 of 7 different vigilance stages using the Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig. K-means clustering was used to distinguish different patterns of EEG vigilance regulation. The frequency distribution of these patterns was analyzed in independent data of 30 unmedicated MD patients and 30 matched HCs using a χ2 test. Results: The 3-cluster solution with a stable, a slowly declining and an unstable vigilance regulation pattern yielded the highest mathematical quality and performed best for separation of MD patients and HCs (χ2 = 13.34; p < 0.001). Patterns with stable vigilance regulation were found significantly more often in patients with MD than in HCs. Conclusion: A stable vigilance regulation pattern, derived from a large sample of HCs, characterizes most patients with MD and separates them from matched HCs with a sensitivity between 67 and 73% and a specificity between 67 and 80%. The pattern of vigilance regulation might be a useful biomarker for delineating MD subgroups, e.g. for treatment prediction.
500 Friends and Still Friending: The Relationship between Facebook and College Students’ Social Experiences

I conducted two studies that investigated Facebook and its relationship to college students’ social experiences. The first study focused on the associations between Facebook use and homesickness and friendsickness, while the second study explored the Facebook status and its relationship to the personality characteristics shyness, loneliness and a sense of belonging. Participants included 220 college students. Higher levels of Facebook use were related to higher levels of friendsickness and a greater connection to the Facebook status was related to higher levels of loneliness and shyness. Overall, Facebook had a negative relationship with college students’ social experiences. Facebook and College Social Experiences 3 Study One The transition to college is a major event in a teenager’s life. Freshmen must adjust to a plethora of new situations and experiences such as the academic setting and academic pressures of the institution, new living arrangements as well as new interests and activities. In addition, two of biggest adjustments are coping with changing relationships with family and friends. College students are faced with the challenge of leaving old friends behind and creating new social support systems as well as adjusting to leaving home and the new familial relations that result. Two phenomena that occur during the transition to college related to leaving friends and family behind are homesickness and friendsickness.
Bounded modified realizability

Abstract We define a notion of realizability, based on a new assignment of formulas, which does not care for precise witnesses of existential statements, but only for bounds for them. The novel form of realizability supports a very general form of the FAN theorem, refutes Markov's principle but meshes well with some classical principles, including the lesser limited principle of omniscience and weak König's lemma. We discuss some applications, as well as some previous results in the literature.
Is It Morally Acceptable for a System to Lie to Persuade Me?

Given the fast rise of increasingly autonomous artificial agents and robots, a key acceptability criterion will be the possible moral implications of their actions. In particular, intelligent persuasive systems (systems designed to influence humans via communication) constitute a highly sensitive topic because of their intrinsically social nature. Still, ethical studies in this area are rare and tend to focus on the output of the required action. Instead, this work focuses on the persuasive acts themselves (e.g. "is it morally acceptable that a machine lies or appeals to the emotions of a person to persuade her, even if for a good end? "). Exploiting a behavioral approach, based on human assessment of moral dilemmas -- i.e. without any prior assumption of underlying ethical theories -- this paper reports on a set of experiments. These experiments address the type of persuader (human or machine), the strategies adopted (purely argumentative, appeal to positive emotions, appeal to negative emotions, lie) and the circumstances. Findings display no differences due to the agent, mild acceptability for persuasion and reveal that truth-conditional reasoning (i.e. argument validity) is a significant dimension affecting subjects' judgment. Some implications for the design of intelligent persuasive systems are discussed.
Variant Bernard-Soulier syndrome associated with a homozygous mutation in the leucine-rich domain of glycoprotein IX.

We describe a new variant of Bernard-Soulier syndrome. The patient (W.K.) showed the classic bleeding symptoms together with absence of platelet agglutination to restocetin plus von Willebrand factor, whereas aggregation to ADP, collagen, and arachidonic acid was normal. Platelets were markedly larger than normal and the patient had life-long thrombocytopenia. Surface-labeling of the platelets and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed reduced but detectable amounts of glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V present;however, there was markedly less GPIX (2% +/- 1% of normal) than GPIb alpha, Ib beta, or V (7% +/- 2% of normal). This disproportion was confirmed by Western blotting. Sequence analysis was performed after polymerase chain reaction amplification of the coding region of the GPIX and GPI b alpha genes from the patient. A point mutation (A-->G) was found in GPIX converting 45Asn to Ser within the leucine-rich domain. No mutations were found in GPIb alpha. Both alleles of GPIX contained the same defect, which was confirmed by the appearance of a new cleavage site for the restriction enzyme Fnu4HI. This substitution did not affect glycosylation at the neighboring 44Asn as judged by the distribution on two-dimensional gels but did appear to change the conformation of the leucine-rich domain, thus reducing surface expression of the complex. The relationship between GPIb and GPV was not affected, indicating that GPIX does not regulate this. This homozygous mutation in GPIX indicates that, among other possible functions, the leucine-rich domains present on all components of GPIb-IX-V may play a role in the assembly and surface expression of the complex.
Just between the two of us : clinical intuition as a non-conscious process

Intuition is a phenomenon widely acknowledged within psychological therapy, and yet it remains poorly understood. Historically its subjective and nonrational nature has prevented it from entering into mainstream psychological research, and to date studies of the phenomenon have concentrated on; proving the existence of intuition, anecdotal or descriptive accounts, and the measurement of accuracy. Research attempting to provide a comprehensive understanding of the process of intuition within the therapeutic dyad, and a theory of how information arrives in the unconscious mind of the therapist, is sparse. An argument is put forward for the importance of pursuing research in this area. Using grounded theory and unstructured interviewing of experienced practitioners, this study explores the emergence and process of intuition in the therapeutic dyad. A case is made for the importance of recognising the contributions of the advances in the study of neuroscience and for considering the intersubjective nature of the therapeutic process in understanding the phenomenon. Using examples from participants it explores their subjective experiences and offers a theory of intuition as a non-conscious process, emerging between client and therapist, and experienced on a physiological, affective and cognitive level. Furthermore it suggests that intuition might be understood as a convergence of many systems and that this may be best explained through an application of complexity theory. The limitations of the study are discussed and suggestions are put forward for future research. Lastly the implications of this study are discussed from the viewpoint of clinical practice and the training of practitioners, and the importance of the acceptance of the process of intuition as a natural and integral process within the therapeutic relationship is explored.
A baseline study of potentially malicious activity across five network telescopes

This paper explores the Internet Background Radiation (IBR) observed across five distinct network telescopes over a 15 month period. These network telescopes consisting of a /24 netblock each and are deployed in IP space administered by TENET, the tertiary education network in South Africa covering three numerically distant /8 network blocks. The differences and similarities in the observed network traffic are explored. Two anecdotal case studies are presented relating to the MS08-067 and MS12-020 vulnerabilities in the Microsoft Windows platforms. The first of these is related to the Conficker worm outbreak in 2008, and traffic targeting 445/tcp remains one of the top constituents of IBR as observed on the telescopes. The case of MS12-020 is of interest, as a long period of scanning activity targeting 3389/tcp, used by the Microsoft RDP service, was observed, with a significant drop on activity relating to the release of the security advisory and patch. Other areas of interest are highlighted, particularly where correlation in scanning activity was observed across the sensors. The paper concludes with some discussion on the application of network telescopes as part of a cyber-defence solution.
Comparisons and Perceived Deprivation in Ethnic Minority Settings

Two studies investigated comparison choices among ethnic minorities and majorities. The perceived status of the self vis-àvis different comparison targets also was assessed. Antecedents and consequences of comparisons and relative deprivation were examined. Predictions were derived from social comparison, stigma, social identity, and relative deprivation research. Two surveys were conducted, one in London with mainly Asian participants (N = 235) and one in Germany with Turkish and Aussiedler participants (N = 166) and German majority members (N = 351). Participants preferred intragroup and temporal comparisons (with other ingroup members and with the self in the past) to various types of cross-group comparisons (with outgroup members). Perceived similarity and contact with a target positively predicted interest in comparing with this target, and perceived higher status of the target was a negative predictor. Some evidence was found that feelings of deprivation depend on comparison choices. Deprivation negatively predicted self-esteem and life satisfaction. Deprivation and group identification were negatively correlated.
Causes and Consequences of Heterogeneity in Infant Feeding Practices among Indigenous Andean Women a

Population variation in maternal work schedules milk output, presence of surrogate caretakers, supplemental feeding patterns, and maternal-infant co-sleeping very likely affects suckling duration and frequency. There can be large differences, even in relatively homogenous rural indigenous populations that affect fertility, maternal-infant health, and intervention programs. Findings were presented on suckling patterns and on heterogeneity in fecundity and socioeconomic status (SES) and feeding practices among three rural Quechua communities in Nunoa, Peru. Mothers and infants were from low SES and mid SES households. The suckling time to the nearest second among 10 infants showed longer and more frequent nursing sessions in the morning and reduced feeding during the night. Duration of suckling was associated with infant's age, and declined with increasing age of the infant. Interval duration was not associated with infant's age. Mother's age was found to be associated with afternoon suckling duration. Younger mothers had shorter afternoon sessions, perhaps because there were older adolescent women who cared for older mothers' children in the afternoon or older mothers produced less milk and thus required longer suckling times. Afternoon interval duration did not vary with infant's or mother's age. Maternal recall of suckling duration and frequency was considered inaccurate, as a result of recall and observational comparisons of duration and frequency for a sample of 9 women. Postpartum amenorrhea averaged 18.8 months for median duration. Mid SES women had a postpartum amenorrhea period of 8.8 months compared to 21.6 months for low SES women. Mid SES women had shorter breast feeding durations during the day of 16.6 months compared to 23.6 months for low SES women, and during the night, 2.4 years versus 3.6 years. About 40% of both low and mid SES women used bottle feeding and began bottle feeding at the same age of 5 months. Solid food was introduced at 13 months for both groups of women.
Design of Multistar Many-to-Many Distribution Networks

We consider the problem of designing a distribution network to facilitate the repeated movement of shipments from many origins to many destinations. A sufficient number of the origin-destination shipments require less than the capacity of a vehicle, so that consolidation of shipments is economical. We consider the case in which consolidation takes place at terminals, and we assume each shipment moves through exactly one terminal on its way from its origin to its destination. Then, a major design decision is to determine the best number of terminals. We develop a continuous approximation method to estimate transportation costs as a function of the number of terminals. We use the continuous approximation method to choose the number of terminals that minimizes the sum of terminal cost and transportation cost. Numerical results indicate that the design resulting from the continuous approximation method facilitates operations with lower cost than those resulting from a widely used integer programming based design.
Synchronous Generator Load Angle Measurement and Estimation

UDK 621.313. 322.076. 3 IFAC 5.5. 4; 2.4. 2 Original scientific paper The article is focused on a load angle measurement and estimation in excitation control systems of synchronous generator. Load angle is measured by digital encoder. The estimation method is based on synchronous generator parameters given by the corresponding voltage-current vector diagram. The estimation results were compared with the measured ones. The estimation method gives satisfactory accuracy for load angles less then 120°°el. Load angle control in excitation systems improves the stability of a synchronous generator in capacitive operating mode.
Equivalence of Virtual Synchronous Machines and Frequency-Droops for Converter-Based MicroGrids

Over the last decade, frequency-droop-based control schemes have become the preferred solution in microgrids dominated by power electronic converters. More recently, the concept of virtual synchronous machines (VSMs) has emerged as an effective method for adding virtual inertia to the power system through the control of power electronic converters. These two approaches have been developed in two separate contexts, but present strong similarities. In fact, they are equivalent under certain conditions, as demonstrated in this letter. Analysis of this equivalence provides additional physics-based insight into the tuning and operation of both types of controllers.
Pegylated Interferon Fractal Pharmacokinetics: Individualized Dosing for Hepatitis C Virus Infection

ABSTRACT Despite recent advances in hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapeutics, the combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEGIFN/RBV) remains the cornerstone of treatment. Optimization and individualization of PEGIFN dosing could improve outcomes. Week one PEGIFN serum concentrations in 42 HCV genotype 1-infected patients treated with conventional PEGIFN/RBV were analyzed using multicompartmental pharmacokinetic models. For each patient, pharmacokinetic parameter estimates, weight, age, interleukin-28B (IL-28B) single-nucleotide polymorphism, CD4 count, baseline HCV RNA, gender, race, and HIV status were examined using classification and regression tree analysis to identify factors predictive of sustained viral response (SVR). Survival analysis was performed to compare the time to undetectable viral load in patients with and without the highest scoring predictor. PEGIFN concentrations varied at least 87-fold. Pharmacokinetics were best described by a two-compartment model with an 8.4-h absorption lag. Patient weight correlated with PEGIFN systemic clearance based on fractal geometry relationships. SVR was achieved in 36% of patients; a PEGIFN cumulative 1-week area under the curve (AUC) of ≤0.79 mg · h/liter scored highest in predicting poor response, followed by a weight of ≥93.7 kg. Patients with a PEGIFN AUC of >0.79 mg · h/liter achieved undetectable viral load more rapidly than those with a lower AUC (hazard ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 2.04). PEGIFN exhibits wide pharmacokinetic variability, mainly driven by patient weight, so that the standard dose may not reach levels needed to achieve SVR. Optimizing dose to patient weight and PEGIFN AUC in the first week offers a solution to improve SVR and to potentially shorten duration of therapy.
POTASSIUM TRANSPORT IN THE FRESHWAT POLYMORPHA

has sh toward from t Dietz freshwater bivalves are sensitive to the potassium concentration of fresh water (Imlay, 1973; Daum et al. 1979), D. polymorpha exhibit a low tolerance towards elevated potassium concentrations (Fisher et al. 1991). In a study of potassium transport in two unionids and a corbiculid, Dietz and Byrne (1990) hypothesized that excess potassium in the blood may depolarize excitable tissue and ultimately determine tolerance limits for freshwater bivalves with respect to environmental potassium concentrations. However, the mode of action of potassium toxicity remains unclear and little information is available regarding changes in zebra mussel ion transport in response to changes in ambient potassium concentrations (Fisher et al. 1991). Several studies have investigated the effects of ion depletion on bivalve physiology and the subsequent changes in ion transport rates (Krogh, 1939; Murphy and Dietz, 1976; Scheide tz, 1982 ly low to d Walker letion w (Krogh, This study examines the effects of potassium concentration in the acclimation medium on temporal changes in D. polymorpha blood ion composition and total potassium content of the tissue. The effects of potassium and rubidium concentration on the transepithelial membrane potential and unidirectional transport are also investigated. Ultimately, these studies provide insight into the mechanisms of bivalve adaptation to the freshwater environment.
Oligodendroglial Cells Express and Secrete Reelin

Oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitor cells (OPCs) give rise to the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), the OL. To examine molecular changes involved in OPC differentiation, a microarray analysis was performed at several time points during OPC maturation. The results revealed significant expression levels of mRNA for reelin, one reelin receptor, very low density lipoprotein receptor (Vldlr), and the cytoplasmic adaptor molecule, disabled homolog 1 (Dab1). The expression of these proteins in oligodendroglial (ODG) cells was confirmed by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. It was also discovered that both progenitors and mature OLs secrete reelin. Although there is no known effect of reelin on ODG cells, the data suggest that these cells may be a source of reelin in the CNS. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous Procaine Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section

OR CESAREAN section, spinal anesthesia F has advantages over general anesthesia. I t reduces the incidence of aspiration asphyxia and pneumonia, complications more likely to occur with general anesthesia;l-G it provides adequate relaxation with minimal disturbance of physiologic functions of mother and fetus; it decreases blood loss by not affecting uterine tone and contractions; and it does not depress the respiratory center of the fetus. Notwithstanding these advantages, many anesthesiologists and obstetricians are reluctant to use spinal anesthesia for cesarean section because of the everpresent danger of high spinal anesthesia with resultant cardiovascular collapse and respiratory paralysis. Total spinal block, as a complication of spinal, caudal, lumbar epidural, or paravertebral block, has been reported to be the third most frequent cause of maternal death.7
The relation between Health and Wellbeing

This study examined health measures and wellbeing. Aim of the study was to examine the relation between different forms of physical health, knowing the diagnosed condition, self-rated health, health limitations, care consumption and life style, and emotional, social and psychological wellbeing. The study draws on data of a representative panel (Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences of CentERdata). 1599 Dutch adults (ages 18-87) filled out the MHC-SF, a health questionnaire and a social integration and leisure questionnaire. The study used ANOVA, correlation, and regression analysis. The results indicate that there was a negative correlation between physical health and wellbeing. The correlation between the health measures and emotional wellbeing was the largest. Except for life style, emotional wellbeing had the highest coherence with the health measures. The largest differences of means within the different forms of wellbeing were found in the self-rated health. This means that the differences in emotional wellbeing are the largest within the self-rated health, compared to the other health measures, thus between a bad and an excellent self-rated health. The results of the regression analysis showed the same, self-rated health independently adds significantly to all forms of wellbeing. This is the only measure of health that added significantly to all forms of wellbeing, whereas health limitations added significantly to only emotional wellbeing, and lifestyle to social wellbeing. This showed that self-rated health is the most important health measure related to the different forms of wellbeing. In conclusion, emotional wellbeing has shown to be the most important form of wellbeing and self-rated health is the health measure with the highest correlation. However, the other forms of wellbeing should be considered as well in future research, as they were found to be significantly correlated as well to the different health measures.
Rx-to-OTC Switch Movement

The medications that are being made available upon demand are not just those that &dquo;relieve symptoms of minor, self-limiting conditions. &dquo; They include medications of substantial importance that &dquo;prevent diseases&dquo; and &dquo;manage chronic conditions&dquo; (Young 1988, 6). 5 Future switches are likely to continue in this direction. For example, Shering Plough Health Care will apply to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to sell oral contraceptives over the counter (Angier 1993). Neither are the financial dimensions of the Rx-to-OTC switch trivial. Switched