Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural Analysis of Leishmania infantum chagasi Promastigotes Forms Treated In Vitro with Usnic Acid

Leishmaniasis is considered by the World Health Organization as one of the infectious parasitic diseases endemic of great relevance and a global public health problem. Pentavalent antimonials used for treatment of this disease are limited and new phytochemicals emerge as an alternative to existing treatments, due to the low toxicity and cost reduction. Usnic acid is uniquely found in lichens and is especially abundant in genera such as Alectoria, Cladonia, Evernia, Lecanora, Ramalina, and Usnea. Usnic acid has been shown to exhibit antiviral, antiprotozoal, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antileishmanial activity of usnic acid on Leishmania infantum chagasi promastigotes and the occurrence of drug-induced ultrastructural damage in the parasite. Usnic acid was effective against the promastigote forms (IC50 = 18.30 ± 2.00 µg/mL). Structural and ultrastructural aspects of parasite were analyzed. Morphological alterations were observed as blebs in cell membrane and shapes given off, increasing the number of cytoplasmic vacuoles, and cellular and mitochondrial swelling, with loss of cell polarity. We concluded that the usnic acid presented antileishmanial activity against promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum chagasi and structural and ultrastructural analysis reinforces its cytotoxicity. Further, in vitro studies are warranted to further evaluate this potential.
The Effect of Neutrino Radiation on Magnetorotational Instability in Proto-Neutron Stars

Neutrino radiation takes a major role in the momentum, heat, and lepton transports in proto-neutron stars (PNSs). These diffusive processes affect the growth of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in PNSs. We perform a local linear analysis for the axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric MRI including the effects of neutrino transport and ohmic dissipation. We find that the MRI can grow even in the multidiffusive situations that are realized in neutrino-loaded PNSs. When the toroidal magnetic component dominates over the poloidal one, nonaxisymmetric MRI modes grow much faster than axisymmetric modes. These results suggest the importance of the nonaxisymmetric MRI in PNSs. Thus, understanding the three-dimensional nonlinear evolution of the MRI is necessary for revealing the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae.
Factors Associated with Perpetration of Physical Intimate Partner Violence among College Students: Russia and Lithuania

ABSTRACT This study examined factors associated with physical IPV perpetration in Russia and Lithuania. The data from the International Dating Violence Study 2001–2006 were analyzed (N= 818). Male and female perpetrators as compared to non-perpetrators of physical IPV have a higher prevalence of being perpetrators of other forms of IPV. Perpetrators of physical IPV as compared to non-perpetrators are more likely to have been victims of IPV. Male and female ‘intimate terrorist’ perpetrators exhibit different characteristics. Factors associated with IPV are different between male and female perpetrators. Interventions should focus on victimization and perpetration.
SPACECRAFT ATTITUDE CONTROL USING MAGNETIC ACTUATORS

" Each of us has the cause to think with deep gratitude of those who have lighted the flame within us. " Albert Schweitzer Dedicated to those who made this possible: Mother Invisible means of power Acknowledgements First and foremost, I'd like to thank my advisor Dr. Ossama Abdelkhalik for his support. I am blessed to be acquainted with a person whose help, support and knowledge has made me a better person and help better position myself. His technical insights and adept guidance have been of immense help in my research work. He has been of great support to me in accommodating my schedule. I have also been deeply inspired by his perseverance and commitment to work. I would like to thank Dr. Mo Rastgaar and Dr. Nilufer Onder for serving on my committee, and for their invaluable guidance for completion of my report. I would also like to thank Michigan Tech Aerospace Enterprise, for having given me an opportunity for being a part of the project from which I was inspired to pursue my report. I'd like to thank my relatives for their love and support. I would like to acknowledge Mr. Shangyan Zou's help in my understanding of the satellite kinematics code. Thanks to Mr. Brandon Jackson, the report and work of whom, I often referred, throughout the course of my research. I'd like to thank Sudhir Chandramouli for his help in my transition from India to the United States of America and his support throughout my stay so far. Finally thanks to my friends Subramanya Datta for fuelling the thought of pursuing an advanced degree in the United States of America and Karthik N.R for his logistical help in obtaining necessary forms and documentation for me back in India.
INVITED PAPER Special Section on Analog Circuits and Related Topics Low Voltage Analog Circuit Design Techniques: A Tutorial

SUMMARY Low voltage (LV) analog circuit design techniques are addressed in this tutorial. In particular, (i) technology considerations; (ii) transistor model capable to provide performance and power tradeoffs; (iii) low voltage implementation techniques capable to reduce the power supply requirements, such as bulk-driven, floating-gate, and self-cascode MOSFETs; (iv) basic LV building blocks; (v) multi-stage frequency compensation topologies; and
Everolimus-eluting stents in interventional cardiology

Bare metal stents have a proven safety record, but limited long-term efficacy due to in-stent restenosis. First-generation drug-eluting stents successfully countered the restenosis rate, but were hampered by concerns about their long-term safety. Second generation drug-eluting stents have combined the low restenosis rate of the first generation with improved long-term safety. We review the evolution of drug-eluting stents with a focus on the safety, efficacy, and unique characteristics of everolimus-eluting stents.
Are Stroke Biomarkers Seeing Brain Vessels in Patients With Ischemic Stroke?: A C-Reactive Protein and Homocysteine Study

Background and Purpose— The significance of asymptomatic coronary artery atherosclerosis burden (CAB) in the interpretation of stroke biomarker results is unknown. We investigated biomarker values to determine if they are related to cerebral atherosclerosis with consideration of CAB. Methods— We prospectively recruited patients with noncardioembolic ischemic cerebrovascular disease who had no history of coronary artery disease. Patient-based vascular assessment was conducted using MRA for the cerebral arteries and cardiac CT angiography for the coronary arteries. Biomarkers including the C-reactive protein and homocysteine were measured. Results— A total of 178 patients were included in the study. The extracranial carotid stenosis was associated with the highest quartile of C-reactive protein (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.04–4.55), whereas age was the only predictor of the highest quartile of homocysteine (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11). However, with consideration of CAB, CAB (≥2 segments with ≥50% stenosis) remained the only independent predictor for the highest quartile of C-reactive protein (OR, 8.69; 95% CI, 2.41–31.30) and homocysteine (OR, 11.44; 95% CI, 2.61–50.11). Conclusions— Our data emphasize the importance of CAB in biomarker studies of patients with ischemic stroke.
LSDA: Large Scale Detection through Adaptation

A major challenge in scaling object detection is the difficulty of obtaining labeled images for large numbers of categories. Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as clear winners on object classification benchmarks, in part due to training with 1.2M+ labeled classification images. Unfortunately, only a small fraction of those labels are available for the detection task. It is much cheaper and easier to collect large quantities of image-level labels from search engines than it is to collect detection data and label it with precise bounding boxes. In this paper, we propose Large Scale Detection through Adaptation (LSDA), an algorithm which learns the difference between the two tasks and transfers this knowledge to classifiers for categories without bounding box annotated data, turning them into detectors. Our method has the potential to enable detection for the tens of thousands of categories that lack bounding box annotations, yet have plenty of classification data. Evaluation on the ImageNet LSVRC-2013 detection challenge demonstrates the efficacy of our approach. This algorithm enables us to produce a >7.6K detector by using available classification data from leaf nodes in the ImageNet tree. We additionally demonstrate how to modify our architecture to produce a fast detector (running at 2fps for the 7.6K detector). Models and software are available at lsda.berkeleyvision. org.
Galaxies and subhaloes in ΛCDM galaxy clusters

We combine 10 high-resolution resimulations of cluster-sized dark haloes with semi-analytic galaxy formation modelling in order to compare the number density and velocity dispersion profiles of cluster galaxies with those of dark matter substructures (subhaloes). While the radial distribution of galaxies follows closely that of the dark matter, the distribution of dark matter subhaloes is much less centrally concentrated. The velocity dispersion profiles of galaxies are also very similar to those of the dark matter, while those for subhaloes are biased high, particularly in the inner regions of clusters. We explain how these differences, already clearly visible in earlier work, are a consequence of the formation of galaxies at the centres of dark matter haloes. Galaxies and subhaloes represent different populations and are not directly comparable. Evolution produces a complex and strongly position-dependent relation between galaxies and the subhaloes in which they reside. This relation can be properly modelled only by appropriate physical representation of the galaxy formation process.
Review: Modulating the unfolded protein response to prevent neurodegeneration and enhance memory

Recent evidence has placed the unfolded protein response (UPR) at the centre of pathological processes leading to neurodegenerative disease. The translational repression caused by UPR activation starves neurons of the essential proteins they need to function and survive. Restoration of protein synthesis, via genetic or pharmacological means, is neuroprotective in animal models, prolonging survival. This is of great interest due to the observation of UPR activation in the post mortem brains of patients with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, tauopathies and prion diseases. Protein synthesis is also an essential step in the formation of new memories. Restoring translation in disease or increasing protein synthesis from basal levels has been shown to improve memory in numerous models. As neurodegenerative diseases often present with memory impairments, targeting the UPR to both provide neuroprotection and enhance memory provides an extremely exciting novel therapeutic target.
Fibrations and homotopy colimits of simplicial sheaves

We show that homotopy pullbacks of sheaves of simplicial sets over a Grothendieck topology distribute over homotopy colimits; this generalizes a result of Puppe about topological spaces. In addition, we show that inverse image functors between categories of simplicial sheaves preserve homotopy pullback squares. The method we use introduces the notion of a sharp map, which is analogous to the notion of a quasi-fibration of spaces, and seems to be of independent interest.
Proteasome Inhibition with Bortezomib Depletes Plasma Cells and Autoantibodies in Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis

Bortezomib, an inhibitor of proteasomes, has been reported to reduce autoantibody titers and to improve clinical condition in mice suffering from lupus-like disease. Bortezomib depletes both short- and long-lived plasma cells; the latter normally survive the standard immunosuppressant treatments targeting T and B cells. These findings encouraged us to test whether bortezomib is effective for alleviating the symptoms in the experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) model for myasthenia gravis, a disease that is characterized by autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) of skeletal muscle. Lewis rats were immunized with saline (control, n = 36) or Torpedo AChR (EAMG, n = 54) in CFA in the first week of an experimental period of 8 wk. After immunization, rats received twice a week s.c. injections of bortezomib (0.2 mg/kg in saline) or saline injections. Bortezomib induced apoptosis in bone marrow cells and reduced the amount of plasma cells in the bone marrow by up to 81%. In the EAMG animals, bortezomib efficiently reduced the rise of anti-AChR autoantibody titers, prevented ultrastructural damage of the postsynaptic membrane, improved neuromuscular transmission, and decreased myasthenic symptoms. This study thus underscores the potential of the therapeutic use of proteasome inhibitors to target plasma cells in Ab-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Magnetic induction in a turbulent flow of liquid sodium: mean behaviour and slow fluctuations

We study the flow response to an externally imposed homogeneous magnetic field in a turbulent swirling flow of liquid sodium -- the VKS2 experiment in which magnetic Reynolds numbers Rm up to 50 are reached. Induction effects are larger than in the former VKS1 experiment. At Rm larger than about 25, the local amplitude of induced field components supersedes that of the applied field, and exhibits non-Gaussian fluctuations. Slow dynamical instationarities and low-frequency bimodal dynamics are observed in the induction, presumably tracing back to large scale fluctuations in the hydrodynamic flow.
Reciprocating (More) Specifically to You: The Role of Benefactor's Identifiability on Direct and Upstream Reciprocity

Research suggests that benefiting from someone's voluntary, intentional, costly effort encourages reciprocal prosocial behavior, as well as promoting upstream reciprocity, that is, increases reciprocal actions by the recipient for the benefit of an unrelated third party. The current study examines the role of the identifiability of the benefactor in determining the extent to which people engage in direct and upstream reciprocity. Results of three studies reveal that while an identified benefactor tends to engender greater direct reciprocal reactions than an unidentified one, this strong reaction toward the identified benefactor does not hold to the same extent when upstream reciprocity is considered (regardless of identification of the third party). On the other hand, when the benefactor is unidentified, levels of direct and upstream reciprocity remain similar. Moderated-mediation analysis suggests that ethical commitment associated with the universal norm of reciprocity explains the decrease in prosociality between reactions toward the benefactor himself or herself and toward a third party under the identified condition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TIME INTEGRATION AND STEADY-STATE CONTINUATION METHOD FOR LUBRICATION EQUATIONS

The partial di erential equations describing the evolution of thin liquid lms on solid substrates in lubrication approximation are highly non-linear. Thus, the classical semi-implicit time integrator with a constant linear part fails due to a strong variation of the Jacobian between two consecutive time-steps. We propose to integrate the equations using an exponential propagation. This method requires to evaluate the rightmost eigenvalues of the Jacobian Matrix. Because the discretized system is large and sparse, we adapt di erent classical iterative methods (Chebyschev acceleration, shift-invert Cayley transform). We show that the Cayley transform is the most powerful method. Furthermore, the rightmost spectrum determined in such a way can also be employed in a continuation technique that allows to follow steady state solutions in parameter space. In this way time stepping and bifurcation analysis can be coupled. The resulting common numerical framework is exempli ed using (i) dewetting on a horizontal homogeneous substrate, and (ii) the depinning of pinned drops. Both examples are treated in twoand three-dimensional settings.
On Optimization of Wireless Mesh Networks using Genetic Algorithms

Next generation fixed wireless networks are most likely organized in a mesh structure. The performance of these mesh networks is mainly influenced by the routing scheme and the channel assignment. In this paper, we focus on the routing and channel assignment in large-scale Wireless Mesh Networks to achieve a max-min fair throughput allocation. As most optimization approaches fail to optimize large wireless mesh network deployments, we investigate the usability of genetic algorithms for this approach. The results show the influence of the genetic operators on the resulting network solution and underline the advantages of a genetic optimization when applied carefully. Keywords-Wireless Mesh Networks, Planning, Optimization, Routing, Genetic Algorithms
Perceptual Modelling for Low-Rate Audio Coding

Sophisticated audio coding paradigms incorporate human perceptual effects in order to reduce data rates, while maintaining high fidelity of the reconstructed signal. Auditory masking is the phenomenon that is the key to exploiting perceptual redundancy in audio signals. Most auditory models conservatively estimate masking, as they were developed for medium to high rate coders where distortion can be made inaudible. At very low coding rates, more accurate auditory models will be beneficial since some audible distortion is inevitable. This thesis focuses on the application of human perception to low-rate audio coding. A novel auditory model that estimates masking levels is proposed. The new model is based on a study of existing perceptual literature. Among other features, it represents transient masking effects by tracking the temporal evolution of masking components. Moreover, an innovative bit allocation algorithm is developed that considers the excitation of quantization noise in the allocation process. The new adaptive allocation scheme is applicable with any auditory model that is based on the excitation pattern model of masking.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING BERBANTUANMEDIA PEMBELAJARAN FLASHCARD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASILBELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI SMA DI KABUPATENBOYOLALI

Penelitian dan pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan model pembelajaran, menghasilkan prototype model pembelajaran, mengetahui hasil uji coba prototype model pembelajaran, serta keefektifitas model pembelajaran. Prosedur penelitian yang digunakan mengacu design and development research menurut Borg and Gall yang meliputi 8 tahap pegembangan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam uji lapangan adalah stratified cluster random sampling. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 3 Sekolah yang sudah dikategorikan tinggi, sedang dan rendah menurut peringkat sekolah di kabupaten Boyolali. Penerapan model pembelajaran project-based learning berbantuan media pembelajaran flashcard terdiri dari 3 (tiga) tahap dan menggunakan metode one group pretest-postest. Tahap pertama adalah uji coba terbatas yang terdiri dari 12 siswa dan tahap kedua adalah uji coba luas terdiri dari 24 siswa, menunjukan hasil yang efektif. Tahap ketiga adalah uji coba lapangan kategori sekolah sedang dan rendah, menunjukkan hasil yang efektif. Sedangkan untuk kategori sekolah tinggi kurang efektif. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan menyimpulkan: (1) model pembelajaran project-based learning berbantuan media pembelajaran flashcard yang dikembangkan telah dinyatakan valid. (2) model pembelajaran project-based learning berbantuan media pembelajaran flaschard yang telah dikembangkan terbukti efektif meningkatkan hasil belajar. Kata kunci: model pembelajaran, media pembelajaran flashcard, hasil belajar
Integrating Identities: Ethnic and Academic Identities among Diverse College Students

Background/Context Students of Color continue to be underrepresented at the undergraduate level. Recent research has demonstrated the importance of non-academic psychosocial factors for understanding college experiences. One factor, identity, is a broad, multidimensional construct that comprises numerous distinct domains, including political, religious, gender, ethnic, and academic identities. Two identity domains that are particularly relevant for college Students of Color are ethnic and academic identities. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study In the present study we focused on identity development processes in college and how they differ between Students of Color and White students. Specifically, our study examined four hypotheses: Compared with White students, Students of Color would 1) report higher levels of ethnic identity and 2) endorse higher levels of ethnic-academic identity integration, and that the group difference in ratings of ethnic-academic identity integration would be both 3) mediated and 4) moderated by ethnic identity. Research Design This study was a cross-sectional survey of 282 college students in the U.S. (69% women, M age = 19.65, SD =2.78, Range = 18-39; 90% born in the U.S.). Participants were categorized as either White (54%) or as a Student of Color (47%). Participants completed rating-scale measures of ethnic identity exploration and commitment, academic identity, and ethnic-academic identity integration. Findings/Results Findings in the study supported our four hypotheses: 1) Students of Color reported higher levels of ethnic identity than White students, 2) Students of Color reported greater integration between their ethnic and academic identities than White students, 3) this difference was partially explained by Students of Color having stronger ethnic identities than White students, and 4) ethnic identity moderated the relation between ethnicity and ethnic-academic identity integration, such that ethnic identity predicts greater ethnicity-academic identity integration for Students of Color and White students, but the association is stronger for Students of Color. Conclusions/Recommendations Ethnic minority college students endorse higher levels of integration between their ethnic background and academic major. The ability for students to integrate their ethnic and academic identities may provide students with a sense of belonging during their college years. Both ethnicity and the academic environment play a role in the ways in which students feel belonging and pursue their academic careers. Thus, it is important to examine experiences of belonging in an academic context.
Recent transcriptome-wide mapping of UPF1 binding sites reveals evidence for its recruitment to mRNA before translation

The ATP-dependent RNA helicase UPF1, a key factor in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), was so far thought to be recruited specifically to NMD-targeted mRNAs by aberrantly terminating ribosomes. However, two recent publications reporting independently transcriptome-wide mapping of UPF1 occupancy on RNA challenge this model and instead provide evidence that UPF1 binds to mRNA already before translation. According to the new data, UPF1 appears to initially bind all mRNAs along their entire length and gets subsequently stripped off the coding sequence by translating ribosomes. This re-poses the question of where and how UPF1 engages with mRNA and how the NMD-targeted transcripts are selected among the UPF1-bound mRNAs.