Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Situational and dispositional coping: an examination of their relation to personality, cognitive appraisals, and psychological distress

Reliable data on the relationships between situational and dispositional coping strategies are sparse. In order to address this gap in the literature, this study examined the determinants and adaptational outcomes of both types of coping. Two hundred and thirty‐three students completed, along with measures of situational and dispositional coping, measures of personality, cognitive appraisals, and psychological distress, the latter variable being evaluated concurrently and prospectively (10 weeks). Results showed that personality shared as much variance with situational as with dispositional coping, but the patterns of relationships were rather different. In addition, cognitive appraisals were found to add significant incremental validity in predicting situational coping beyond trait coping, but primary appraisals were redundant with personality traits, in particular neuroticism. Finally, in spite of the significant amount of variance shared between the two types of coping, they both accounted for individual differences in concomitant and prospective psychological distress, and the relation between dispositional coping and distress was partially mediated by situational coping. The implications of these findings for understanding the relationships between the two types of coping strategy are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency and Inadequacy among Women of Childbearing Age in the United States

Objective. To examine the prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy among US women of childbearing age. Methods. Data from 1,814 female participants (20–44 y) in the 2003–2006 NHANES were analyzed to estimate the age-adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for vitamin D deficiency (defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <12.0 ng/mL) and inadequacy (defined as 25(OH)D: 12.0–<20.0 ng/mL). Results. The age-adjusted prevalence was 11.1% (95% CI: 8.8–14.0%) for vitamin D deficiency and 25.7% (95% CI: 22.3–29.5%) for vitamin D inadequacy. Race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic white and obesity were associated with increased risks, whereas dietary supplement use, milk consumption of ≥1 time/day, and potential sunlight exposure during May-October were associated with decreased risks for both vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy (P < 0.05). Current smoking and having histories of diabetes and cardiovascular disease were also associated with an increased risk for vitamin D deficiency (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Among women of childbearing age, periconceptional intervention programs may focus on multiple risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy to ultimately improve their vitamin D nutrition.
MicroRNA-92a Controls Angiogenesis and Functional Recovery of Ischemic Tissues in Mice

Of Life, Limb, and a Small RNA Gene expression in mammals is controlled not only by proteins but by small noncoding RNAs called microRNAs. The involvement of these RNAs provides powerful clues about the molecular origins of human diseases and how they might be treated. Ischemic diseases arise from an inadequate blood supply. Bonauer et al. (p. 1710, published online 21 May) find that a specific microRNA that is expressed in the cells lining blood vessels (called miR-92a) functions to repress the growth of new blood vessels. MiR-92a probably acts through effects on expression of integrins, proteins involved in cell adhesion and migration. In mouse models in which an inadequate blood supply had caused damage either to heart or limb muscle, therapeutic inhibition of miR-92a led to an increase in blood vessel density in the damaged tissues and enhanced functional recovery. Inhibition of a microRNA that represses blood vessel growth enhances the recovery of tissue damaged by an inadequate blood supply. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to translational repression or degradation. Here, we show that the miR-17~92 cluster is highly expressed in human endothelial cells and that miR-92a, a component of this cluster, controls the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Forced overexpression of miR-92a in endothelial cells blocked angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In mouse models of limb ischemia and myocardial infarction, systemic administration of an antagomir designed to inhibit miR-92a led to enhanced blood vessel growth and functional recovery of damaged tissue. MiR-92a appears to target mRNAs corresponding to several proangiogenic proteins, including the integrin subunit alpha5. Thus, miR-92a may serve as a valuable therapeutic target in the setting of ischemic disease.
A Importância Estratégica dos Relacionamentos de Negócios em Redes de Empresas: Uma Visão Baseada no Rbv - Resource Based View

Esse trabalho visa discutir a importância dos relacionamentos estrategicos de negocios de forma cooperativa, pois se tem tornado um importante antecedente de sucesso nos negocios. Estudos mostram que aliancas e parcerias possuem um importante papel na moldagem das vantagens competitivas baseadas em recursos da empresa. Para a concretizacao dos objetivos propostos nesse estudo, iniciou-se uma investigacao em duas redes imobiliarias e adotou-se como pilar metodologico, a tipologia qualitativa de investigacao, por fornecer a melhor adequacao ao fenomeno observado. Foram utilizados como instrumento: entrevista semi-estruturada, pesquisa bibliografica e observacao nao-participante. Conclui-se que os relacionamentos se mostraram importantes e estrategicos para empresas que estao atuando em formato de redes. Como consequencia direta, o acesso aos parceiros e aos recursos que esses possuem pode ser considerado, como o mais estrategico dos pontos analisados. Como limite metodologico deve ser citado o fato de a pesquisa ser de cunho qualitativo. Os resultados tem pouco campo de generalizacao se comparados a pesquisas quantitativas. A maior implicacao pratica que se pode advir dessa pesquisa e levar aos gestores que estao participando de uma rede, a importância estrategica que os relacionamentos possuem. Os gestores deverao considerar, dentro da formulacao das suas estrategias, o desenvolvimento e a manutencao de relacionamentos para: terem acessos aos parceiros da rede e aos recursos que esses possuem; e construirem uma posicao forte dentro da rede de forma a poderem influenciar outros parceiros. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v9i2. 2174
Host Differences Affecting Resistance and Susceptibility of the Second Generation of a Pekin Duck Flock to Duck Hepatitis A Virus Genotype 3

Earlier work suggested the possibility to anti duck hepatitis A virus genotype 3 (DHAV-3) using the resistance breeding strategy. Here, we report the creation of the second generations of a resistant Pekin duck flock (designated Z8R2) and a highly susceptible Pekin duck flock (designated Z8S2) and the investigation of their responses to DHAV-3. Experimental infection with DHAV-3 at 7 days of age resulted in a high mortality (66.3%) in 11 susceptible Z8S2 families and an extremely low mortality rate (2.67%) in 32 Z8R2 families, indicating that Z8R2 exhibits strong resistance to DHAV-3, while Z8S2 is highly susceptible to the virus. Detection of DHAV-3 in the liver between 1 and 60 hours post inoculation (hpi) suggests that DHAV-3 can be replicated rapidly and efficiently in the liver of Z8S2, whereas the replication of the virus in the liver of Z8R2 is suppressed greatly. High levels of serum biochemical markers (e.g., ALT, AST, ALP and GGT) were detected in Z8S2 at 24 hpi, which were significantly higher than those in Z8R2. Analysis of transcripts in the liver revealed that the expression levels of several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (e.g., TLR4/7, RIG-1 and MDA5) and cytokines (e.g., IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-α, and IFN-γ) in Z8S2 were significantly higher than those in Z8R2 at 12 and 24 hpi. Together these findings suggest that Z8R2 and Z8S2 Pekin ducks, which were derived from the same Z8 line, exhibit disparate pathogenic outcomes following DHAV-3 infection. Therefore, it is possible to select a Pekin duck flock resistant to DHAV-3 employing the strategy described here. It is likely that the high viral load and the strong inflammatory response correlate with the high susceptibility of Z8S2 Pekin ducks to DHAV-3.
Felt Obligation Towards Parents in Mexican-American and Anglo-American Young Adults

The present study compares self-reports of felt obligation towards parents, cultural attitudes about family functioning and perceptions of family interactions in a sample of 100 Mexican-American and Anglo-American young adults. On average, Mexican-American men and women reported significantly higher levels of familism, more collectivist attitudes and more helping behavior in relationships with parents than did Anglo-Americans, while Anglo respondents reported having more contact with social systems outside the family system. Mexican-American young adults generally reported feeling significantly more obligated to avoid conflict, provide assistance and strive for self-sufficiency in their relationships with parents than did Anglo-Americans. Cultural attitudes of familism and collectivism were related to reports of felt obligation for Mexican-American respondents but not for Anglo-American respondents. Implications of results for family development theory are discussed.
Issues and Party Support in Multiparty Systems

We investigate the relationship between party issue position and mass evaluation of political parties in multiparty systems. In so doing, we engage two competing theories of mass-elite linkage: the directional theory and the traditional spatial theory of elections. The alternate models are evaluated with survey data gathered in Norway in 1989. The data collection is unique in providing extensive information on the issue positions of all parties with potential for achieving representation in the parliament. Results suggest that the directional theory provides a better description of the relationship. Consistent with directional theory, we find that when parties occupy a centrist position on an issue they are not evaluated on the basis of that issue. Voters neither love nor hate a party in the middle. Thus, in order to build support on the basis of issues, parties must offer some strong stands.
Job demands and work-related psychological responses among Malaysian technical workers: The moderating effects of self-efficacy

Abstract Job design has long been found to affect the work-related psychological responses of employees, such as psychological strain, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions, but scholars have begun to question whether established theoretical relations regarding job design continue to hold given the enormous changes in the nature of work during the past two decades. It is also increasingly recognized that individual differences affect work behaviours in substantial ways, but few studies on work design have investigated these differences. We addressed these concerns with a two-wave longitudinal study among 245 technical workers at a telecommunications company in Malaysia, a country that has a collectivist culture and a high power distance between managers and subordinates. We examined the moderating effects of job control and self-efficacy on the relationships between job demands and employee responses. The results failed to support the job demands-control model, as job control variables did not moderate the impact of demands on employee work-related psychological responses. However, self-efficacy moderated their impact on psychological strain (although not on job satisfaction or turnover intentions). Our findings provide insight into the moderating effect of self-efficacy, and suggest that practitioners interested in reducing psychological strain should consider making efforts to increase self-efficacy among employees.
The stable carbon isotopic composition of organic material in platform derived sediments: implications for reconstructing the global carbon cycle

In pelagic carbonate sediments, the degree to which the δ13C values of inorganic and organic fractions co‐vary has been used to interpret rates of production, burial and decomposition of organic carbon. This relationship is relatively consistent through time, permitting estimates of organic carbon production and preservation. However, as the majority of pelagic sediments older than 200 Myr have been subducted, carbonate sediments deposited in epeiric seas and platforms are often substituted for pelagic carbonates in analyses of ancient global carbon cycling. There are well‐known pitfalls to using shallow marine carbonate materials, including diagenesis, semi‐isolation of depositional environments and input of different types of sediments with varying inorganic δ13C (δ13Cinorganic) values, which can obscure any global signatures. One method used to assess whether global changes in δ13C are accurately represented by δ13Cinorganic records is to examine variations in the δ13C of co‐occurring organic material (δ13Corganic). If a δ13Corganic record co‐varies with a co‐occurring δ13Cinorganic record, it is argued that the signals must be related to variations in the global carbon cycle. This assumption has been investigated by analysing the isotopic composition of the organic carbon preserved in the uppermost 150 m of periplatform sediments recovered during ODP Leg 166 from the western margin of Great Bahama Bank. The δ13Corganic values measured in this study were compared to previously published δ13Cinorganic records measured on identical samples, thus allowing a study of the correlation between the two records through time. These analyses showed that the correlation coefficient between δ13Cinorganic and δ13Corganic increased from the proximal location (Site 1005, r2 = 0·1), to the distal site (Site 1006, r2 = 0·63). The importance of platform‐derived carbonate and organic material at the proximal location, Site 1005, is reflected in the absence of a co‐variation between inorganic and organic δ13C records, which exhibit no correlation on the platform itself. In contrast, the co‐variance in δ13C values at the basinal location, Site 1006, is explained by a two‐point mixing model, which demonstrates the importance of both pelagic and platform‐derived carbonate and organic carbon in generating the positive correlation between the organic and inorganic δ13C values; this results in a correlation between δ13Cinorganic and δ13Corganic records at Site 1006 that is unrelated to global carbon cycling. Such data question the applicability of using δ13Corganic values to support the ability of δ13Cinorganic values to record global carbon cycling in carbonates recovered from environments where multiple sources of carbonate and organic carbon contribute to the bulk δ13C signal.
Identification and Characterization of Poly(I:C)-induced Molecular Responses Attenuated by Nicotine in Mouse Macrophages

To further our understanding of the effects of nicotine on the molecular responses of macrophages during virus or virus-like infections, poly(I:C)-stimulated macrophage-like RAW264.2 cells or mouse primary peritoneal macrophages were challenged with nicotine; and their molecular responses were evaluated using a qRT-PCR array, antibody array, ELISA, Western blotting, and Ca2+ imaging. Of 51 genes expressed in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) pathways, mRNA expression of 15 genes in RAW264.7 cells was attenuated by nicotine, of which mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β was confirmed to be attenuated in peritoneal macrophages. Concurrently, nicotine treatment attenuated the release of IL-6 and TNF-α from poly(I:C)-stimulated macrophages. However, when poly(I:C)-stimulated macrophages were challenged with nicotine plus α-bungarotoxin (α-BTX), secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α was found to be in a level seen with poly(I:C) stimulation only, indicating that α7-nAChR, a highly Ca2+ permeable ion channel sensitive to blockade by α-BTX, is involved in this process. Furthermore, results from an antibody array indicated that nicotine treatment attenuated the phosphorylation of 82 sites, including Thr286 on CaMKIIα, from poly(I:C)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, of which 28 are expressed in the downstream cascade of Ca2+ signaling. Coincidentally, poly(I:C)-stimulated macrophages showed attenuated expression of phosphorylated CaMKIIα when pretreated with nicotine. In addition, nicotine attenuated intracellular Ca2+ signal from poly(I:C)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Collectively, these results indicate that poly(I:C)-induced molecular responses of macrophages could be significantly attenuated by nicotine.
Detection of security related affect and behaviour in passenger transport

Surveillance of drivers, pilots or passengers possesses significant potential for increased security within passenger transport. In an automotive setting the interaction can e.g. be improved by social awareness of an MMI. As further example security marshals can be efficiently positioned guided by according systems. Within this scope the detection of security relevant behavior patterns as aggressiveness or stress is discussed. The focus lies on real-life usage respecting online processing, subject independency, and noise robustness. The approach introduced employs multivariate time-series analysis for the synchronization and data reduction of audio and video by brute-force feature generation. By combined optimization of the large audiovisual space accuracy is boosted. Extensive results are reported on aviation behavior, as well as in particular for the audio channel on numerous standard corpora. The influence of noise will be discussed by representative carnoise overlay.
Escherichia coli Isolate Coproducing 16S rRNA Methylase and CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Isolated from an Outpatient in the United States

High-level resistance to aminoglycosides mediated by the production of 16S rRNA methylase among various gram-negative pathogens has been increasingly reported ([4][1]). Six 16S rRNA methylase enzymes have been identified: RmtA to RmtD, ArmA, and NpmA ([4][1], [9][2]). We recently described the
How can you compare! On negated comparisons as comparisons

Abstract Results from 3 experiments argue in favor of the view that, when relevant to contextual information, negated concepts are retained rather than suppressed (Giora 2006, 2007; Giora et al. 2007). It is this retainability of negated information that allows for negated comparisons to come across as similarly appropriate as their affirmative counterparts (Experiment 1), and be as similarly sensitive to degree of prototypicality, as found earlier for affirmative statements (Experiments 2–3); it is also this retainability of negated information that accounts for the readings times of targets involving a prototypical property of the negated source, which were speedier than those involving a less prototypical one (Experiment 3).
Gender Dimensions of Poverty and Coping Options among Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Nigeria

The study examines gender dimensions of poverty and the coping options among smallholder farmers in Eastern Nigeria. Primary data used in this study were collected through interview schedule a well-structured questionnaire administered on 199 respondents using a multistage random sampling technique. Seven major autonomous communities were covered in the survey. Analytical tools employed include simple descriptive statistics, probit model and the coping strategies use index (CSUI) generated based on the information gathered from respondents. The result of descriptive analysis shows that there were more female respondents (56.3%) than the male respondents (43.7%) in the study area. Most of the households were headed by male respondents (71%) as compared to the female respondents (29%). More women also had their major occupation as farming (56%) than the men (42%), with more men (13.8%) having tertiary level of education than the women (10.2%). Also, more female respondents were poor (43.7%) as compared to their male counterparts (33.3%). The results of the probit analysis shows that age, gender, level of education, major occupation, household size, amount of remittances received and extension services had significant effect on the poverty status of the respondents. Meanwhile, of the 11 coping strategies available in the study area, the study shows that relying on less expensive clothes which had a percentage of 11.2 was the widely used option by majority of the respondents. This is closely followed by spending of savings, reduction of in diversity of dietary intake, reduction in the number of meals taken per day and reduction of the quantity of food consumed respectively. The respective percentages of these strategies are 10.5, 10.2, 10.2, and 10.1. It is therefore recommended that improvement in human capacity building through investment in education should be priotized. Also, policies made to assist smallholder famers in the study area should be gender-mainstreamed. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n27p49
A social relations analysis of participation in small groups

Two approaches to explaining the relation between interaction and participator judgments in small groups are examined. The first, expectations states theory, suggests that participator judgments are consistent across raters for a given target, and that such ratings are a function of the heuristic processing of social information. The second approach, the local management model, assumes more thoughtful processing of members' behaviors, leading to uniqueness in how perceivers evaluate targets as participators. A social relations analysis of participator assessments in same- and mixed-sex groups revealed consensus in participator judgments; uniqueness also played a role in how members perceived each other as useful participators. In addition, consensus was correlated with participation, but not with sex. The discussion addresses the necessity and sufficiency of each model as well as the conditions under which each model would better fit the data.
The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Emission Line-selected z ∼ 2.5 Galaxies Is Less Than 15%

Recent work suggests that strong emission line, star-forming galaxies (SFGs) may be significant Lyman continuum leakers. We combine archival Hubble Space Telescope broadband ultraviolet and optical imaging (F275W and F606W, respectively) with emission line catalogs derived from WFC3 IR G141 grism spectroscopy to search for escaping Lyman continuum (LyC) emission from homogeneously selected z ∼ 2.5 SFGs. We detect no escaping Lyman continuum from SFGs selected on [O ii] nebular emission (N = 208) and, within a narrow redshift range, on [O iii]/[O ii]. We measure 1σ upper limits to the LyC escape fraction relative to the non-ionizing UV continuum from [O ii] emitters, fesc ≲ 5.6%, and strong [O iii]/[O ii] > 5 ELGs, fesc ≲ 14.0%. Our observations are not deep enough to detect fesc ∼ 10% typical of low-redshift Lyman continuum emitters. However, we find that this population represents a small fraction of the star-forming galaxy population at z ∼ 2. Thus, unless the number of extreme emission line galaxies grows substantially to z ≳ 6, such galaxies may be insufficient for reionization. Deeper survey data in the rest-frame ionizing UV will be necessary to determine whether strong line ratios could be useful for pre-selecting LyC leakers at high redshift.