Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lay Activism and Activism Intentions in a Faculty Union

Prior conceptual work on union renewal places activism in a central role. Understanding of activism’s antecedents, however, remains limited. This study uses a sample of faculty union members at a large public university, thus providing considerable diversity in work settings within a single employer organization. Using survey and archival data, this study explores the role of selected contextual factors on faculty labor activism. A tentative but interesting finding is that linkages to other activists appear to be a stronger predictor of individual activism than does departmental membership density. That is, it seems that “subcultures of apathy” can exist in even high membership density settings and that social ties to activists may spur members to heightened levels of activism.
How much heterogeneity can the welfare state endure? The influence of heterogeneity on attitudes to the welfare state

Cultural and economic heterogeneity is often seen as a major threat to modern welfare states. This article contributes to the discussion of how much heterogeneity the welfare state can endure by theoretically and empirically focusing on the relationship between different levels of national identity and the support for welfare state policies. We analyse the effect of different types of national identity on attitudes towards taxation and redistribution. We show that it is the subjective aspect of national identity, or social cohesion, that in fact matters for predicting attitudes to the welfare state. In comparison, more objective measures of heterogeneity like the inequality of income distribution, language fractionalisation or the percentage of foreign-born individuals do not have any effect on attitudes to the welfare state.
Live Prefetching for Mobile Computation Offloading

Mobile computation offloading refers to techniques for offloading computation intensive tasks from mobile devices to the cloud so as to lengthen the formers’ battery lives and enrich their features. The conventional designs fetch (transfer) user-specific data from mobiles to the cloud prior to computing, called offline prefetching. However, this approach can potentially result in excessive fetching of large volumes of data and cause heavy loads on radio-access networks. To solve this problem, the novel technique of live prefetching, which seamlessly integrates the task-level computation prediction and prefetching within the cloud-computing process of a large program with numerous tasks, is proposed in this paper. The technique avoids excessive fetching but retains the feature of leveraging prediction to reduce the program runtime and mobile transmission energy. By modeling the tasks in an offloaded program as a stochastic sequence, stochastic optimization is applied to design fetching policies to minimize mobile energy consumption under a deadline constraint. The policies enable real-time control of the prefetched-data sizes of candidates for future tasks. For slow fading, the optimal policy is derived and shown to have a threshold-based structure, selecting candidate tasks for prefetching and controlling their prefetched data based on their likelihoods. The result is extended to design close-to-optimal prefetching policies to fast fading channels. Compared with fetching without prediction, live prefetching is shown theoretically to always achieve reduction on mobile energy consumption.
PROCEDURAL RATIONALITY IN THE STRATEGIC DECISION‐MAKING PROCESS*

Despite the central place of rationality in the organization theory, strategic management, and decision-making literatures, we know relatively little about why some strategic decision-making procedures are more rational than others. This question was addressed in a study of 57 strategic decisions in 24 companies, using a multiple-informant, structured interview protocol. Results indicate that environmental competitive threat, perceived external control of the organization, and the uncertainty of the strategic issues being addressed are related to procedural rationality. Surprisingly, some of these relationships were in the opposite direction from our predictions. These results are interpreted within a framework that emphasizes the link between procedural rationality and managerial discretion.
The maternal perspective for five Slovenian regions: The importance of regional sampling

Abstract Background: The Slovenian territory is geographically positioned between the Alps, Adriatic Sea, Pannonian basin and the Dinaric Mountains and, as such, has served as a passageway for various populations in different periods of time. Turbulent historic events and diverse geography of the region have produced a diverse contemporary population whose genetic analysis could provide insight into past demographic events. Aim: The aims of this study were to characterize the Slovenian mitochondrial gene pool at the micro-geographic level and to compare it with surrounding populations. Subjects and methods: A total of 402 individuals from five Slovenian regions were analysed in this study by typing HVR I, HVR II and coding region polymorphisms of mtDNA. Results: Analysis revealed 47 haplogroups and sub-haplogroups, the most common of which were H*, H1, J1c, T2 and U5a. Intra-population comparisons revealed a sharp gradient of the J1c haplogroup between Slovenian regions, with a peak frequency of 24.5% being observed in the population of the Littoral Region. Conclusion: The sharp gradient of the J1c haplogroup between Slovenian regions is in line with the archaeological horizon known as Impressed Ware culture and could, therefore, represent a genetic trace of the early Neolithic expansion route along the East Adriatic coastal region.
Processos cognitivos na leitura de palavras em crianças : relações com compreensão e tempo de leitura

interdependent processes compose the reading. The present study analyzed the preferential usage on one of the reading routes (Dual Route Cognitive Reading Model) and the possible relations with reading comprehension and reading time in 76 children from second and third grades, in a Elementary private school. The reading of isolated words, comprehension and textual reading time were evaluated. Four groups were identified according with the skills of word reading: good readers in both routes (phonological and lexical), poor readers in both routes, preferably lexical readers and preferably phonological readers. The group of good readers in both routes was the fastest in textual reading. There werenit significant differences among the groups in reading comprehension, except in the third grade. It was concluded that both reading routes were functional in the sample, however the phonological route seems to be better developed than the lexical route, which is in expansion, suggesting a developmental process of the reading skills.
EXPLORING BEGINNING INFERENCE WITH NOVICE GRADE 7 STUDENTS

This study documented efforts to facilitate ideas of beginning inference in novice grade 7 students. A design experiment allowed modified teaching opportunities in light of observation of components of a framework adapted from that developed by Pfannkuch for teaching informal inference with box plots. Box plots were replaced by hat plots, a feature available with the software TinkerPlots TM . Data in TinkerPlots files were analyzed on four occasions and observed responses to tasks were categorized using a hierarchical model. The observed outcomes provided evidence of change in students' appreciation of beginning inference over the four sessions. Suggestions for change are made for the use of the framework in association with the intervention and the software to enhance understanding of beginning inference. 1. LITERATURE REVIEW The word "inference" can convey many shades of meaning, depending on the context in which it is used and the adjectives that may be placed in front of it. A dictionary such as Chambers (Kirkpatrick, 1983) suggests an inference is "that which is inferred or deduced: the act of drawing a conclusion from premises: consequence: conclusion" (p. 644). For a statistician it is the premises that are important. For David Moore (1991) statistical inference is the "formal methods for drawing conclusions from data taking into account the effects of randomization and other chance variation" (p. 330). The parts of Moore's definition that preclude it from most of the school curriculum are the "formal" methods, the "randomization," and the "chance" variation to the extent that it relies on formal probability. Within the statistics education community, the phrase "formal inference" is usually used synonymously with "statistical inference" in Moore's sense. This usage leads to attempts to define "informal inference. " Certainly at the middle school level replacing "formal methods" with "informal methods" is appropriate as the mathematics required for formal methods is not available to students. The question of what constitute appropriate informal methods is then a matter for debate among statistics educators. Although randomization may be introduced to middle school students through chance devices such as coins and dice, the link to the need for random methods generally may be difficult for students to grasp and even more difficult to implement during data collection activities. Chance variation is an idea that is accessible in an intuitive fashion but nearly impossible to connect to numerical values that would express degrees of uncertainty.
Effects of Brand Labeling on Ratings of Product Quality

The product quality of two status-oriented brands of carbonated bottled water and of one low-status popularly-priced brand was rated by 24 college students each in brand labeled and unlabeled conditions. The results supported the influence of product image on consumers' judgments of product quality, but it was suggested that the salience of such extrinsic cues might depend on the breadth of the consumers' evaluative frame of reference for judging particular classes of products.
Reverberant Speech Enhancement by Temporal and Spectral Processing

This paper presents an approach for the enhancement of reverberant speech by temporal and spectral processing. Temporal processing involves identification and enhancement of high signal-to-reverberation ratio (SRR) regions in the temporal domain. Spectral processing involves removal of late reverberant components in the spectral domain. First, the spectral subtraction-based processing is performed to eliminate the late reverberant components, and then the spectrally processed speech is further subjected to the excitation source information-based temporal processing to enhance the high SRR regions. The objective measures segmental SRR and log spectral distance are computed for different cases, namely, reverberant, spectral processed, temporal processed, and combined temporal and spectral processed speech signals. The quality of the speech signal that is processed by the temporal and spectral processing is significantly enhanced compared to the reverberant speech as well as the signals that are processed by the individual temporal and spectral processing methods.
Moonlighters: A Product of Deprivation or Aspiration?

Le double emploi (ou le fait de recevoir un revenu supplementaire a cote d'un emploi principal) est communement reconnu comme un phenomene courant. Cependant, ses effets sur la sante, le bien-etre et l'efficacite au travail des employes n'ont jamais ete reellement approfondis. Certains travaux ont deja suggere que le double emploi etait source de tension aupres des employes et de compromis quant a leur engagement au travail et leur fonction. D'autres discussions ont considere ce phenomene comme la source de satisfaction legitime et benefique que ne peut fournir le travail principal. En realite, de nombreuses compagnies dependent de la disponibilite du double emploi provenant d'autres firmes et cela sans se soucier des resultats. Les resultats obtenus ici le furent a travers une enquete effectuee aupres d'employes manuels de six firmes industrielles en utilisant un questionnaire qu'ils devaient completer. Les employes faisant double emploi furent automatiquement identifies par le biais d'une question concernant les revenus additionnels. Le taux de double emploi qui s'est degage de l'etude fut de 15% soit trois fois superieur a celui rapporte dans les statistiques gouvernementales. Les comparaisons entre tenants et non-tenants de double emploi ne revelent aucune difference significative quant au besoin d'accomplissement sur le lieu du travail principal ou a l'exterieur, sur la sante mentale, la performance au travail, l'absenteisme ou la possible mobilite d'emploi. Des differences significatives se degagent seulement quant a l'activite sociale volontaire et des preferences concernant des previsions de travail plus flexibles, dans les deux cas favorisant ceux qui ont un double emploi. Les resultats demontrent le peu d'inquietude au niveau de la direction des compagnies quant aux consequences nefastes du travail a l'exterieur. Les raisons possibles a cela incluent la selection naturelle des niveaux d'engagements exterieurs sans graves consequences et le developpement de la part des tenants de double emploi d'experiences supplementaires les aidant a mieux s'organiser et a sauver temps et energie. Les implications relatives a des etudes futures dans d'autres types d'organisation, de couches demographiques differentes sont egalement prises en consideration.
Sentence Segmentation in Narrative Transcripts from Neuropsychological Tests using Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks

Automated discourse analysis tools based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) aiming at the diagnosis of language-impairing dementias generally extract several textual metrics of narrative transcripts. However, the absence of sentence boundary segmentation in the transcripts prevents the direct application of NLP methods which rely on these marks in order to function properly, such as taggers and parsers. We present the first steps taken towards automatic neuropsychological evaluation based on narrative discourse analysis, presenting a new automatic sentence segmentation method for impaired speech. Our model uses recurrent convolutional neural networks with prosodic, Part of Speech (PoS) features, and word embeddings. It was evaluated intrinsically on impaired, spontaneous speech as well as normal, prepared speech and presents better results for healthy elderly (CTL) (F1 = 0.74) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients (F1 = 0.70) than the Conditional Random Fields method (F1 = 0.55 and 0.53, respectively) used in the same context of our study. The results suggest that our model is robust for impaired speech and can be used in automated discourse analysis tools to differentiate narratives produced by MCI and CTL.
Targeting Catalase but Not Peroxiredoxins Enhances Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Apoptosis in K562 Cells

Despite considerable efficacy of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treatment, other non-APL leukemias, such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), are less sensitive to As2O3 treatment. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here we show that relative As2O3-resistant K562 cells have significantly lower ROS levels than As2O3-sensitive NB4 cells. We compared the expression of several antioxidant enzymes in these two cell lines and found that peroxiredoxin 1/2/6 and catalase are expressed at high levels in K562 cells. We further investigated the possible role of peroxirdoxin 1/2/6 and catalase in determining the cellular sensitivity to As2O3. Interestingly, knockdown of peroxiredoxin 1/2/6 did not increase the susceptibility of K562 cells to As2O3. On the contrary, knockdown of catalase markedly enhanced As2O3-induced apoptosis. In addition, we provide evidence that overexpression of BCR/ABL cannot increase the expression of PRDX 1/2/6 and catalase. The current study reveals that the functional role of antioxidant enzymes is cellular context and treatment agents dependent; targeting catalase may represent a novel strategy to improve the efficacy of As2O3 in CML treatment.
Introduction, comparison, and validation of Meta‐Essentials: A free and simple tool for meta‐analysis

We present a new tool for meta‐analysis, Meta‐Essentials, which is free of charge and easy to use. In this paper, we introduce the tool and compare its features to other tools for meta‐analysis. We also provide detailed information on the validation of the tool. Although free of charge and simple, Meta‐Essentials automatically calculates effect sizes from a wide range of statistics and can be used for a wide range of meta‐analysis applications, including subgroup analysis, moderator analysis, and publication bias analyses. The confidence interval of the overall effect is automatically based on the Knapp‐Hartung adjustment of the DerSimonian‐Laird estimator. However, more advanced meta‐analysis methods such as meta‐analytical structural equation modelling and meta‐regression with multiple covariates are not available. In summary, Meta‐Essentials may prove a valuable resource for meta‐analysts, including researchers, teachers, and students.
Stability of Persistence Diagrams

The persistence diagram of a real-valued function on a topological space is a multiset of points in the extended plane. We prove that under mild assumptions on the function, the persistence diagram is stable: small changes in the function imply only small changes in the diagram. We apply this result to estimating the homology of sets in a metric space and to comparing and classifying geometric shapes.
Network interactions explain effective encoding in the context of medial temporal damage in MCI

Selective dysfunction in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) results in a relatively circumscribed impairment in episodic memory. Previously, we found that activation extent in MTL during encoding correlated with subsequent recognition (hit rate) in controls but not in MCI patients (Mandzia et al. [2009]: Neurobiol Aging 30:717–730). Here, we examined whether functional connectivity amongst MTL and cortical regions might better explain differences in subsequent recognition success. Participants underwent fMRI scanning during picture encoding, and multivariate analysis was used to characterize the relationship between network activations and recognition. Both patients and controls activated a canonical MTL encoding network. However, this network correlated with hit rate only for controls. In MCI patients, recognition variability was best explained by the engagement of an additional network including BA 20. We propose that this pattern represents functional reorganization caused by reduced efficiency in the MTL network. Our findings suggest that understanding brain‐behavior relationships in neurological disorders requires examination of large‐scale networks, even when dysfunction is relatively focal as in MCI. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hidden Markov model analysis reveals better eye movement strategies in face recognition

Here we explored eye movement strategies that lead to better performance in face recognition with hidden Markov models (HMMs). Participants performed a standard face recognition memory task with eye movements recorded. The durations and locations of the fixations were analyzed using HMMs for both the study and the test phases. Results showed that in the study phase, the participants who looked more often at the eyes and shifted between different regions on the face with long fixation durations had better performances. The test phase analyses revealed that an efficient, short first orienting fixation followed by a more analytic pattern focusing mainly on the eyes led to better performances. These strategies could not be revealed by analysis methods that do not take individual differences in both temporal and spatial dimensions of eye movements into account, demonstrating the power of the HMM approach.
Changes in Bovine Dentin Mineral with Sodium Hypochlorite Treatment

Dentin powders from bovine incisors were treated with 10% NaClO solution. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) indicated the removal of organic material from the dentin sample following the treatment, since the exothermic reaction at 320°C had disappeared. X-ray diffraction studies revealed a change in the crystallinity of the dentin crystals and the formation of calcite after the treatment. Infrared absorption analysis showed that the band due to carbonate ions was weakened after the treatment, while atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis showed that magnesium ions had been dissolved from the dentin sample. The a-axis lengths of treated and heated dentin samples differed from those of untreated and heated samples. Whitlockite was always found in the untreated/heated samples, whereas it was absent in the treated/heated samples. The unit cell dimensions of the whitlockite indicated the partial substitution of magnesium for calcium. Magnesium ions seemed to be more effective than carbonate ions in forming whitlockite. These results showed that some magnesium and carbonate ions were removed from the dentin crystal structure upon NaClO treatment, while at the same time organic materials were removed from the dentin sample. It was suggested that crystals in the NaClO-treated dentin were similar to enamel crystals from a crystallographic viewpoint.
Expression analysis reveals a role for hydrophobic or epicuticular wax signals in pre-penetration structure formation of Phakopsora pachyrhizi

Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the most devastating foliar diseases affecting soybean production worldwide. Even though several resistance sources have been identified in soybean, they do not show resistance to all races of P. pachyrhizi. Identification of genes that confer nonhost resistance (NHR) against P. pachyrhizi in another legume species will provide an avenue to engineer soybean to have durable and broad spectrum resistance against P. pachyrhizi strains. Recently, we identified a Medicago truncatula gene, IRG1 (INHIBITOR OF RUST GERM-TUBE DIFFERENTIATION1), that when mutated inhibits the growth of P. pachyrhizi. IRG1 encodes a Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger transcription factor that controls wax-biosynthesis-related genes. The irg1 mutant shows a complete loss of abaxial epicuticular wax crystals and surface hydrophobicity, resulting in the inhibition of pre-penetration structure formation. In order to confirm the role of surface hydrophobicity in the formation of pre-penetration structures, we examined the expression profiles of P. pachyrhizi putative pre-penetration structure-development-related genes on a solid surface or a M. truncatula abaxial leaf surface. Interestingly, the expression of kinase family genes was upregulated on the hydrophobic surface and M. truncatula wild-type leaf surface, but not on the M. truncatula irg1 mutant leaf surface, suggesting that these genes play a role in P. pachyrhizi pre-penetration structure development. In addition, our results suggest that hydrophobicity on the M. truncatula leaf surface may function as a key signal to induce the P. pachyrhizi genes involved in pre-penetration structure development.