Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Characterization of a kind of Orthogonal Vector-Valued Wavelet Packets with Compact Support

In this article, the notion of vector-valued multiresolution analysis is introduced and the definition of orthogonal vector-valued wavelet packets is proposed. The characteristics of the vector-valued wavelet packets has been investigated and three orthogonality formulas regarding the wavelet packets are derived. In particular, it is shown how to obtain a new orthogonal basis of the vector-valued function space from these wavelet packets.
This Paper Is Included in the Proceedings of the 12th Usenix Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (osdi '16). Efficient Network Reachability Analysis Using a Succinct Control Plane Representation Efficient Network Reachability Analysis Using a Succinct Control Plane Representatio

— To guarantee network availability and security , operators must ensure that their reachability policies (e.g., A can or cannot talk to B) are correctly implemented. This is a difficult task due to the complexity of network configuration and the constant churn in a net-work's environment, e.g., new route announcements arrive and links fail. Current network reachability analysis techniques are limited as they can only reason about the current " incarnation " of the network, cannot analyze all configuration features, or are too slow to enable exploration of many environments. We build ERA, a tool for efficient reasoning about network reachability. Instead of reasoning about individual incarnations of the network, ERA directly reasons about the network " control plane " that generates these incarnations. We address key expres-siveness and scalability challenges by building (i) a succinct model for the network control plane (i.e., various routing protocols and their interactions), and (ii) a repertoire of techniques for scalable (taking a few seconds for a network with > 1000 routers) exploration of this model. We have used ERA to successfully find both known and new violations of a range of common intended polices.
Synergistic effects of hypoxia and increasing CO2 on benthic invertebrates of the central Chilean coast

Ocean acidification and hypoxic events are an increasing worldwide problem, but the synergetic effects of these factors are seldom explored. However, this synergetic occurrence of stressors is prevalent. The coastline of Chile not only suffers from coastal hypoxia but the cold, oxygen-poor waters in upwelling events are also supersaturated in CO2, a study site to explore the combined effect of ocean acidification and hypoxia. We experimentally evaluated the metabolic response of different invertebrate species (2 anthozoans, 9 molluscs, 4 crustaceans, 2 echinoderms) of the coastline of central Chile (33°30’S, 71°37’W) to hypoxia and ocean acidification within predicted levels and in a full factorial design. Organisms were exposed to 4 different treatments (ambient, low oxygen, high CO2, and the combination of low oxygen and high CO2) and metabolism was measured after 3 and 6 days. We show that the combination of hypoxia and increased pCO2 reduces the respiration significantly, compared to a single stressor. The evaluation of synergistic pressures, a more realistic scenario than single stressors, is crucial to evaluate the effect of future changes for coastal species and our results provide the first insight on what might happen in the next 100 years.
AV-Courant Algebroids and Generalized CR Structures

Abstract We construct a generalization of Courant algebroids that are classified by the third cohomology group ${{H}^{3}}(A,\,V)$ , where $A$ is a Lie Algebroid, and $V$ is an $A$ -module. We see that both Courant algebroids and ${{\text{ }\! \! \varepsilon\! \! \text{ }}^{1}}(M)$ structures are examples of them. Finally we introduce generalized $\text{CR}$ structures on a manifold, which are a generalization of generalized complex structures, and show that every $\text{CR}$ structure and contact structure is an example of a generalized $\text{CR}$ structure.
The Distribution of Shortrun Commodity Price Movements

The statistical properties of daily closing futures prices for nine commodities are studied. Two hypotheses are examined: Price changes are normally distributed, and prices follow a random walk process. Normality is tested by estimating kurtosis, the R/S statistic, and characteristic exponents. The Gaussian hypothesis is rejected in a large proportion of cases. Randomness is tested by using the turning point test and the phase length test. Both tests reject the random walk hypothesis.
International Financial Reporting Standard and Value Relevance of Accounting Information in Quoted Cement Firms in Nigeria

With growing adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) by most countries, researchers has not relent effort in finding out empirically how the standard has added value to the relevance of financial information reporting to users. This study empirically examines whether the mandatory adoption of IFRS has improved the value relevance of financial information in the financial statements of quoted cement companies in Nigeria. The population constituted the five listed cement company listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange(NSE) as at the year 2010 sample were selected based on the activeness of company the NSE that is only four cement companies are active as at 2013. Data were extracted from financial statement figures of 2010 and 2011 (preadoption of IFRS) and 2012 and 2013 (post-adoption of IFRS). Descriptive statistics and regression were conducted to analyze the effect of IFRS adoption on the accounting information quality using Stata version 12.The study finds that the earning per share, book value of equity and share prices of Cement Company have significantly improved following IFRS adoption, although earnings per share proved more significant compared to book value of equity. The study further suggests that earnings per share and book value of equity are relevant in determining the value of shares in Nigerian Cement Company in the post IFRS era. However, this study is limited since it is not generalizable beyond the limits of the listed cement. In addition, the study only examines the effect of IFRS adoption on reported earnings and book values of equity. -----------------------------------------------------------------------* Corresponding author. E-mail address:ltmltmltm@yahoo.co.uk .
Subaru Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Quadruple Lenses PG 1115+080 and B1422+231: Limits on Substructure Lensing

We present mid-infrared imaging at 11.7 μm for the quadruple lens systems PG 1115+080 and B1422+231 using the cooled mid-infrared camera and spectrometer (COMICS) attached on the Subaru Telescope. These lensed QSOs are characterized by their anomalous optical and radio flux ratios, as obtained for A1 and A2 images of PG 1115+080 and A, B, and C images of B1422+231, respectively, i.e., such flux ratios are hardly able to be reproduced by lens models with a smooth mass distribution. Our mid-infrared observations for these images have revealed that the mid-infrared flux ratio A2/A1 of PG 1115+080 is virtually consistent with smooth lens models (but inconsistent with the optical flux ratio), whereas for B1422+231, the mid-infrared flux ratios among the A, B, and C images are in good agreement with the radio flux ratios. We also identify a clear infrared bump in the spectral energy distributions of these QSOs, thereby indicating that the observed mid-infrared fluxes originate from a hot dust torus around a QSO nucleus. Based on the size estimate of the dust torus, we place limits on the mass of a substructure in these lens systems causing the anomalous optical or radio flux ratios. For PG 1115+080, the mass of a substructure inside an Einstein radius ME is ≲16 M☉, corresponding to either a star or a low-mass CDM subhalo having a mass of M ≲ 2.2 × 104 M☉ inside a radius of 100 pc if modeled as a singular isothermal sphere (SIS). For B1422+231, we obtain ME ≳ 209 M☉, indicating that a CDM subhalo is more likely, having a mass of M ≳ 7.4 × 104 M☉.
Predictive Value of Interim PET/CT in DLBCL Treated with R-CHOP: Meta-Analysis

Objective. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive value of interim 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy. Methods. We searched for articles published in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Scopus, and Ovid database from inception to March 2014. Articles related to interim PET/CT in patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy were selected. PFS with or without OS was chosen as the endpoint to evaluate the prognostic significance of interim PET/CT. Results. Six studies with a total of 605 cases were included. The sensitivity of interim PET/CT ranged from 21.2% to 89.7%, and the pooled sensitivity was 52.4%. The specificity of interim PET/CT ranged from 37.4% to 90.7%, and the pooled specificity was 67.8%. The pooled positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 1.780 and 0.706, respectively. The explained AUC was 0.6978 and the Q * was 0.6519. Conclusions. The sensitivity and specificity of interim PET/CT in predicting the outcome of DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy were not satisfactory (52.4% and 67.8%, resp.). To improve this, some more work should be done to unify the response criteria and some more research to assess the prognostic value of interim PET/CT with semiquantitative analysis.
Detecting Financial Stability Vulnerabilities in Due Time: Can Simple Indicators Identify a Complex Issue?

This paper analyzes the resilience of credit institutions to instances of financial instability based on simple publicly available balance sheet and income statement figures. In the course of the recent financial crisis and the related credit turmoil, the loss absorption capacity of the global financial system has been stretched to its limit. Globally active financial institutions, many of them systemically relevant, needed government support to keep their capital ratios above regulatory and/or market required minima. Central banks had to step in to provide liquidity when large parts of the financial markets ceased to function. From an ex-post perspective, the crisis provided a real stress scenario which we use to explain bank performance by examining simple indicators such as capitalization, liquidity, funding structure and asset-side exposure. To cover systemically important European banks we choose a subset from the bank sample used by the European Banking Association for the EU-wide stress-testing exercise in 2011. We add three Austrian banks to arrive at a sample of 90 European banks in total (including altogether six Austrian banks). To measure bank performance, we use return on average assets, return on average equity, operating profits, required government support and equity prices. We show that these performance measures can be explained adequately by our simple indicators. We are able to identify the strong, respectively weak, banks that did not, respectively did, need government support in 2009. Regarding the other performance measures we give a forecast for 2011 about which banks are expected to perform well, ordinarily and poorly.
Factors Affecting Academic Performance of Undergraduate Students at International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Bangladesh

This study was conducted to examine different factors influencing socio-economic background and the academic performance of undergraduate students enrolled at International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC) with a view to assessing their individual performances and improvements. The assessment covers comparative achievements of different faculties of IIUC-Shariah & Islamic Studies, Business Administration, Science & Engineering, Arts &Humanities and Laws. The data were collected from 200 undergraduate students from different faculties of International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC) through separate structured questionnaire using the simple random sampling technique. For analysis, simple percentage and linear regression model were run to evaluate comparative importance of the factors. The result shows that over all CGPA of IIUC student is 3.25 (Out of 4.00). Regression results of academic performance of students have varied from faculty to faculty. The result also reveals that age, gender, past academic track, medium of education and absence in the classes have also influenced the academic performances of a student. The study has covered the period of academic year Autumn-2013 to Spring-2014. Keywords: Socio-economic Background, Regression, Faculties, IIUC, Bangladesh.
Development and Applications of a Comprehensive Land Use Classification and Map for the US

Land cover maps reasonably depict areas that are strongly converted by human activities, but typically are unable to resolve low-density but widespread development patterns. Data products specifically designed to resolve land uses complement land cover datasets and likely improve our ability to understand the extent and complexity of human modification. Methods for developing a comprehensive land use classification system are described, and a map of land use for the conterminous United States is presented to reveal what we are doing on the land. The comprehensive, detailed and high-resolution dataset was developed through spatial analysis of nearly two-dozen publicly-available, national spatial datasets – predominately based on census housing, employment, and infrastructure, as well as land cover from satellite imagery. This effort resulted in 79 land use classes that fit within five main land use groups: built-up, production, recreation, conservation, and water. Key findings from this study are that built-up areas occupy 13.6% of mainland US, but that the majority of this occurs as low-density exurban/rural residential (9.1% of the US), while more intensive built-up land uses occupy 4.5%. For every acre of urban and suburban residential land, there are 0.13 commercial, 0.07 industrial, 0.48 institutional, and 0.29 acres of interstates/highways. This database can be used to address a variety of natural resource applications, and I provide three examples here: an entropy index of the diversity of land uses for smart-growth planning, a power-law scaling of metropolitan area population to developed footprint, and identifying potential conflict areas by delineating the urban interface.
The power log-GARCH model

Exponential models of autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) are attractive in empirical analysis because they guarantee the non-negativity of volatility, and because they enable richer autoregressive dynamics. However, the currently available models exhibit stability only for a limited number of conditional densities, and the available estimation and inference methods in the case where the conditional density is unknown hold only under very specific and restrictive assumptions. Here, we provide results and simple methods that readily enables consistent estimation and inference of univariate and multivariate power log-GARCH models under very general and non-restrictive assumptions when the power is fixed, via vector ARMA representations. Additionally, stability conditions are obtained under weak assumptions, and the power log-GARCH model can be viewed as nesting certain classes of stochastic volatility models, including the common ASV(1) specification. Finally, our simulations and empirical applications suggest the model class is very useful in practice.
Adopting the Transformational Leadership Perspective in a Complex Research Environment.

Transformational Leadership is a popular topic among leadership scholars, but for research administrators, Transformational Leadership might seem like an enigmatic approach given its various contexts. Research administrators might think the transformational approach is only for executives, or that they do not have enough staff to call themselves transformational leaders, or that organizational transformations belong at the level of chief executive or the board. Bass (1990) noted that transformational leadership can be taught, learned, and practiced. The following argument supports this statement, promotes Transformational Leadership as an acceptable approach for research administrators, illustrates how different philosophies can be integrated into Transformational Leadership, and provides an illustration of the various ways Transformational Leadership can be applied.
Randomized controlled trial comparing morphine or clonidine with bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in children undergoing upper abdominal surgery.

BACKGROUND Various additives have been used to increase the duration of analgesia provided by bupivacaine administered by single-shot caudal injection in children. METHODS A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled study in 50 ASA I-II children (34 boys and 16 girls) aged 1-6 yr undergoing upper abdominal surgery was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups to receive either morphine 30 µg kg⁻¹ (MB) or clonidine 2 µg kg⁻¹ (CB) in bupivacaine 0.2% (1.25 ml kg⁻¹) for caudal analgesia. The duration of analgesia (FLACC scale) and sedation and side-effects such as vomiting, itching, respiratory depression, hypotension, and bradycardia were observed. RESULTS The mean duration of analgesia was 16.5 (3.6) h in the CB group compared with 10.2 (2.3) h (P<0.01) in the MB group. Subjects who received clonidine (CB) were sedated for longer [7.1 (0.8) h] compared with the MB group [3.8 (0.7) h; P<0.01]. Vomiting was observed in 4% and 12% of subjects in the CB and MB groups, respectively. Sixteen per cent of subjects reported itching in the MB group (P=0.03), and none in the CB group. No hypotension, bradycardia, or respiratory depression was observed in any subjects. CONCLUSIONS Caudal clonidine 2 µg kg⁻¹ in bupivacaine 0.2% provides a longer duration of analgesia and sedation compared with caudal morphine 30 µg kg⁻¹ in bupivacaine 0.2% without significant side-effects in children undergoing upper abdominal surgery.
CATEGORIZATION OF POVERTY IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA IN THE PERIOD 2006-2010

The aim of this paper is overviewing a real picture of poverty in Serbia in the period 2006- 2010, using the data of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (consumer price index - CPI) and the Social Inclusion and Poverty Reduction Unit (Cabinet of Deputy Prime Minister for European Integration of RS), as well as research results of relevant domestic and foreign literature. The percentage of the poor is categorized by: type of settlements, regional distribution, household type, age and participation of children and adults, level of education, and socio-economic status of the household. Survey results from 2010 pointed out that poverty is widespread among people living in rural area (13.6%), particularly among children under 13 years of age (13.7%), in Central Serbia (12.0%), in multi-member households (16.4%) and in households where the head has a lower educational level (14,2%) or is unemployed (17.9%). The fact that poor live in rural areas should not lead to deterioration of the principle of equality in the rights for all citizens of the Republic of Serbia.
Targeting Wolman Disease and Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease: Disease Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Development

Wolman disease (WD) and cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) are lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) caused by a deficiency in lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) due to mutations in the LIPA gene. This enzyme is critical to the proper degradation of cholesterol in the lysosome. LAL function is completely lost in WD while some residual activity remains in CESD. Both are rare diseases with an incidence rate of less than 1/100,000 births for WD and approximate 2.5/100,000 births for CESD. Clinical manifestation of WD includes hepatosplenomegaly, calcified adrenal glands, severe malabsorption and a failure to thrive. As in CESD, histological analysis of WD tissues reveals the accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) and esterified cholesterol (EC) in cellular lysosomes. However, the clinical presentation of CESD is less severe and more variable than WD. This review is to provide an overview of the disease pathophysiology and the current state of therapeutic development for both of WD and CESD. The review will also discuss the application of patient derived iPSCs for further drug discovery.
Strategic Formation of Airline Alliances

This paper looks at the endogenous formation of airline alliances by means of a two-stage game where first airlines decide whether to form an alliance and then fares are determined. The authors analyse the effects and the strategic formation of airline alliances when two complementary alliances, following different paths, may be formed to serve a certain city-pair market. Alliances hurt rivals and decrease interline fares. Most interestingly, and contrary to what might be expected, the formation of alliances may be unprofitable in a competitive context. This is likely to happen when competition is significant and economies of traffic density are low. © 2007 LSE and the University of Bath
CEO Tenure and Firm Value

Our study is the first to provide systematic evidence of a hump-shaped CEO tenure-firm value relation. Cross-sectionally, firm value starts to decline after fewer years of CEO tenure in more dynamic industries, if CEOs are less adaptable to changes, and in the presence of lower labor market frictions. Overall, the dynamics of CEO-firm match quality appear to be a first-order driver of the CEO tenure-firm value association, as explained by CEO characteristics (adaptability), firm/industry characteristics (dynamism), and labor market characteristics that facilitate optimal matching between firms and CEOs.
The impact of different types of market orientation on product innovation performance: Evidence from Chinese manufacturers

Purpose – This study aims to examine the role of responsive market orientation and proactive market orientation in product innovation performance directly and indirectly via innovativeness, as well as the moderating effect of environmental turbulence in the market orientation‐product innovation performance link among Chinese manufacturing firms.Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey was conducted among 227 manufacturing firms in mainland China. A total of 11 hypotheses related to responsive and proactive market orientation, innovativeness and new product success as well as moderating environmental variables are examined by structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression techniques.Findings – The research results show that: both proactive market orientation and responsive market orientation have a positive total effect in improving product innovation performance; the direct path dominates the total effect of responsive MO on new product success, while proactive MO impacts product inn.
Performance Persistence in Private Equity Funds

Performance persistence in the private equity industry is not long-lived. Current fund performance is positively and significantly associated with the performance of the first follow-on fund, but the magnitude of persistence substantially declines afterwards. Persistence, if any, is largely driven by relatively underperforming funds. Furthermore, excessive fund growth, conditional on past performance, erodes persistence, and the commonality of market conditions between two successive funds partially explains performance persistence. The findings are not conclusive about whether general partners have proprietary skills, but have important implications for the capital allocation decisions of investors in the private equity industry.