Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Programming for Scalable Web Architectures

Web architectures are an important asset for various large-scale web applications, such as social networks or e-commerce sites. Being able to handle huge numbers of users concurrently is essential, thus scalability is one of the most important features of these architectures. Multicore processors, highly distributed backend architectures and new web technologies force us to reconsider approaches for concurrent programming in order to implement web applications and full scalability demands. While focusing on dierent stages of scalable web architectures, we provide a survey of competing concurrency approaches and point to their adequate usages.
Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: Enlarging genus Homo

What do functionally important DNA sites, those scrutinized and shaped by natural selection, tell us about the place of humans in evolution? Here we compare ≈90 kb of coding DNA nucleotide sequence from 97 human genes to their sequenced chimpanzee counterparts and to available sequenced gorilla, orangutan, and Old World monkey counterparts, and, on a more limited basis, to mouse. The nonsynonymous changes (functionally important), like synonymous changes (functionally much less important), show chimpanzees and humans to be most closely related, sharing 99.4% identity at nonsynonymous sites and 98.4% at synonymous sites. On a time scale, the coding DNA divergencies separate the human–chimpanzee clade from the gorilla clade at between 6 and 7 million years ago and place the most recent common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees at between 5 and 6 million years ago. The evolutionary rate of coding DNA in the catarrhine clade (Old World monkey and ape, including human) is much slower than in the lineage to mouse. Among the genes examined, 30 show evidence of positive selection during descent of catarrhines. Nonsynonymous substitutions by themselves, in this subset of positively selected genes, group humans and chimpanzees closest to each other and have chimpanzees diverge about as much from the common human–chimpanzee ancestor as humans do. This functional DNA evidence supports two previously offered taxonomic proposals: family Hominidae should include all extant apes; and genus Homo should include three extant species and two subgenera, Homo (Homo) sapiens (humankind), Homo (Pan) troglodytes (common chimpanzee), and Homo (Pan) paniscus (bonobo chimpanzee).
A COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONNAIRE MEASURE OF DRIVER STRESS AND AFFECT

The study aimed to validate the DSI (Driver Stress Inventory) against self-reports of accidents and convictions, driving behaviour and coping, in British and North American samples. The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire was used to assess self-reports of potentially hazardous behaviours. A 3-item preferred speed scale validated against objective driving speed by West, French, Kemp and Elander (1993) is also included. It was predicted that Aggression and Thrill-seeking should be the scales most strongly related to hazardous behaviours, and to maladaptive coping strategies. Finally, a general personality questionnaire was included in the study to verify that the DSI dimensions were distinct from existing personality dimensions. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 896859.
GENETIC DIVERGENCE OF JESSO-BALAM RICE (Oryza sativa L.) OF BANGLADESH

In total 27 genotypes of Jesso-Balam pure line rice germplasm were studied for fourteen morpho-physiological and four physico-chemical characters at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, during T. Aman 2009 and T. Aman 2011 seasons. According to principal component scores, the two-dimensional scatter diagram (Z 1 -Z 2 ) has apparently distributed the genotypes into seven clusters. According to Mahalanobis D2 statistic for the studied characters, the genotypes were clubbed into seven groups. The highest number of genotypes (6) were included in clusters I and III and the lowest two (2) in cluster V and VII. It was also revealed that no duplicate was existed among the genotypes. The intra-cluster distance was maximum (0.77) in cluster III and minimum (0.28) in cluster VII, while the maximum intercluster distance (28.37) was observed between the clusters III and IV and the minimum (2.49) between the clusters I and VII. The cluster V has produced the highest means for plant height (148.18 cm), straw yield per hill (39.97 g), panicle length (28.14 cm) and protein content (9.61%). But, the cluster IV has showed the highest means for seedling height (69.5 cm), flag and penultimate leaf area (1059.5 cm2), culm diameter (5.8 cm), filled grain number per panicle (3.64), grain length (8.63 mm) and 1000-grain weight (21.78 g), while the cluster VII had the highest means for grain yield per hill (31.27 g) and effective tiller number per hill (13.5) and the lowest mean for days to maturity (144). Therefore, the genotypes of cluster V need to be crossed with the genotypes of cluster IV or cluster VII, for developing new Balam rice with maximum other good characters. Finally, it could be concluded that the studied Jesso-Balam pure lines germplasm is a good source of valuable genes. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 5 (1): 22-27, June, 2015
Cooperation-Competition and Self-Esteem

Several empirical studies have demonstrated that among Black and White U.S. children high self-esteem is associated with competitiveness. To test the generality of that relationship, the correlation of self-esteem and cooperation-competition was assessed among two generations of Mexican-American children and an Anglo-American comparison group. Among second-generation Mexican-American children, who display a cultural norm of cooperativeness, high self-esteem was significantly correlated with cooperativeness; among Anglo-American children, who display a cultural norm of competitiveness, high self-esteem was associated with competitiveness; among third-generation Mexican-American children, who do not demonstrate clear cooperation-competition norms, no clear relationship between self-esteem and cooperation-competition was found. Results do not support the generality of a self-esteem cooperation-competition relationship; rather, they are consistent with the interpretation that self-esteem is partially a function of the extent to which children live up to their cultural norms.
Neither phylogenomic nor palaeontological data support a Palaeogene origin of placental mammals

O'Leary et al. (O'Leary et al. 2013 Science 339, 662–667. (doi:10.1126/science.1229237)) performed a fossil-only dating analysis of mammals, concluding that the ancestor of placentals post-dated the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary, contradicting previous palaeontological and molecular studies that placed the ancestor in the Cretaceous. They incorrectly used fossil ages as species divergence times for crown groups, while in fact the former should merely form minimum-age bounds for the latter. Statistical analyses of the fossil record have shown that crown groups are significantly older than the oldest ingroup fossil, so that fossils do not directly reflect the true ages of clades. Here, we analyse a 20 million nucleotide genome-scale alignment in conjunction with a probabilistic interpretation of the fossil ages from O'Leary et al. Our combined analysis of fossils and molecules demonstrates that Placentalia originated in the Cretaceous.
Kinematics, Dynamics, and Energetics of Rowing and Flapping Propulsion in Fishes1

Abstract The shape and motion of the pectoral fins vary considerably among fishes that swim in the labriform mode. Pectoral fin motion in fishes is highly variable, but one conspicuous axis of this variation is the rowing-flapping axis. At one extreme of this axis, paddle-shaped fins row back and forth in a plane that is parallel to fish motion, while at the other extreme, wing-shaped fins flap up and down in a plane that is perpendicular to fish motion. We have used two fish, the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and the bird wrasse (Gomphosus varius), that fall near the extremes of the rowing-flapping axis to study the dynamic, energetic, and ecological and evolutionary consequences of this kinematic variation. Our work confirms some traditionally held assumptions about rowing and flapping dynamics and energetics but reject others. A computer simulation experiment of virtual rowing and flapping appendages makes several predictions about differences in maneuvering performance and swimming energetics between rowing and flapping, which, in turn, make predictions about the behavior and ecological distribution of fishes that vary along the rowing-flapping axis. Both laboratory and field studies of labrid swimming ability and distribution support these predictions.
Ultraviolet Wavelength Dependence of Photomorphological and Photosynthetic Responses in Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract Among the photomorphological responses in plants induced by ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB; 290 nm–320 nm) are leaf asymmetry, leaf thickening and cotyledon curling. We constructed an action spectrum of cotyledon curling in light-grown Brassica napus to characterize the UVB photoreceptor that initiates this response. Cotyledon curling was also characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. Peak efficiency for this response occurred between 285 and 290 nm. Additionally, UVB-induced changes in epidermal cells from A. thaliana cotyledons were assessed because they are the likely site of UVB photoreception that leads to curling. Investigation of cellular structure, chlorophyll a fluorescence and chlorophyll concentration indicated that cotyledon curling is not concomitant with gross cellular damage or inhibition of photosynthesis, which only occurred in response to wavelengths <280 nm. Many UVB effects are apparently an indirect consequence of UVB radiation, dependent on UVB-mediated increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) that either act as a signal in the UVB transduction pathway or cause oxidative damage. The cotyledon curling response was impeded by ascorbate and cystine, ROS scavengers and was promoted by H2O2, a ROS. We suggest that following absorption by a UVB chromophore, ROS are generated via photosensitization, ultimately leading to cotyledon curling.
Genome-wide DNA methylome analysis reveals novel epigenetically dysregulated non-coding RNAs in human breast cancer

The development of human breast cancer is driven by changes in the genetic and epigenetic landscape of the cell. Despite growing appreciation of the importance of epigenetics in breast cancers, our knowledge of epigenetic alterations of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in breast cancers remains limited. Here, we explored the epigenetic patterns of ncRNAs in breast cancers via a sequencing-based comparative methylome analysis, mainly focusing on two most popular ncRNA biotypes, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and miRNAs. Besides global hypomethylation and extensive CpG islands (CGIs) hypermethylation, we observed widely aberrant methylation in the promoters of ncRNAs, which was higher than that of protein-coding genes. Specifically, intergenic ncRNAs were observed to contribute a large slice of the aberrantly methylated ncRNA promoters. Moreover, we summarized five patterns of ncRNA promoter aberrant methylation in the context of genomic CGIs, where aberrant methylation occurred not only on the CGIs, but also flanking regions and CGI sparse promoters. Integration with transcriptional datasets, we found that the ncRNA promoter methylation events were associated with transcriptional changes. Furthermore, a panel of ncRNAs were identified as biomarkers that were able to discriminate between disease phenotypes (AUCs>0.90). Finally, the potential functions for aberrantly methylated ncRNAs were predicted based on similar patterns, adjacency and/or target genes, highlighting that ncRNAs and coding genes coordinately mediated pathways dysregulation in the development and progression of breast cancers. This study presents the aberrant methylation patterns of ncRNAs, which will be a highly valuable resource for investigations at understanding epigenetic regulation of breast cancers. [Supplemental material is available online at www.genome. org. ]
Globalization and Social Work Education and Practice: Exploring Australian Practitioners' Views

The process of globalization is a controversial movement supported by some due to the potential cross-national benefits, but criticized by others because of the fragmented or uneven distribution of those benefits. As many social workers interact with clients who may be affected by globalization processes, we were interested to investigate their educational preparedness and practice views on this topic. Sixty-six social workers completed a questionnaire which explored the relationship between local and international issues. Practitioner responses indicated a strong interest in the topic and widespread agreement that there is a link between local and global issues on clients in their daily practice. Also, while there was a diversity of opinion on educational preparedness for global practice, practitioner responses again indicated general agreement that ongoing education would be useful. The paper concludes with some suggestions to further enhance the knowledge and education of social workers for global practice.
Omega-3 fatty acid supplements improve the cardiovascular risk profile of subjects with metabolic syndrome, including markers of inflammation and auto-immunity

Objective — Fish-oil contains high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids that have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties.We have evaluated the effects of purified omega-3 fatty acid supplements on several anthropometric and biochemical parameters, including heat shock protein (Hsp) 27 antibody titres in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Methods — Subjects (n=120) with metabolic syndrome (mean age of 52.9± 11.9years) were randomly allocated to one of two groups: sixty subjects were given 1gram of fish oil as a single capsule, containing 180mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 120mg docosahexaenoic acid daily for 6months. Control subjects did not receive any supplementation over the same period. Results — The study was completed by 47subjects in the intervention group and 42subjects in the control group.Treatment with omega 3supplements was associated with a significant fall in body weight (P<0.05), systolic blood pressures (P<0.05), serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.05), and total cholesterol (P<0.05), triglycerides (P<0.05), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P<0.01), and Hsp27 antibody titres (P<0.05). No significant changes were observed in the control group. Conclusion — It appears that omega 3 improves the cardiovascular risk profile of subjects with metabolic syndrome, having effects on weight, systolic blood pressure, lipid profile and markers of inflammation and autoimmunity.
3-D seismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features; the coherence cube

Seismic data are usually acquired and processed for imaging reflections. This paper describes a method of processing seismic data for imaging discontinuities (e.g., faults and stratigraphic features). One application of this nontraditional process is a 3-D volume, or cube, of coherence coefficients within which faults are revealed as numerically separated surfaces. Figure 1 compares a traditional 3-D reflection amplitude time slice with the results of the new method. To our knowledge, this is the first published method of revealing fault surfaces within a 3-D volume for which no fault reflections have been recorded.
Impact of Diabetes and Hyperglycemia on Survival in Advanced Breast Cancer Patients

Purpose. We examined the impact of diabetes and hyperglycemia on cancer-specific survival of patients with metastatic or recurrent breast cancer (BC). Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of 265 patients with advanced BC receiving palliative chemotherapy. BC-specific mortality was compared for diabetic and nondiabetic patients as well as for patients that presented hyperglycemia during treatment. Results. No difference was observed between the diabetic and nondiabetic patients in terms of overall survival (OS). A difference in OS was observed between nondiabetic patients and diabetic patients who had hyperglycemia. The OS was greater in diabetic patients with proper metabolic control than diabetic patients with hyperglycemia. The risk of death was higher in patients with mean glucose levels >130 mg/dL during treatment. Several factors were associated with poor OS: tumor stage, hormone-receptor-negative tumors, HER2 negative disease, multiple metastatic sites, presence of visceral metastases, and mean glucose >130 mg/dL. Conclusion. Elevated glucose levels are associated with a poor outcome in diabetic and nondiabetic patients in contrast to patients with normoglycemic levels, conferring an elevated risk of death. According to these results, clinicians should monitor glucose levels during treatment for advanced breast cancer disease and take action to maintain normal glucose levels.
Splitting of the Body Image as Somesthetic Aura Symptom in Migraine

Splitting of the body image was illustrated as a somesthetic aura symptom in three of the 562 entries to the national Migraine Art competitions, confirming previous descriptions of this rare phenomenon in the migraine literature. In this type of self-experienced paroxysmal body schema disturbance, the own body is perceived as being split, usually in the mid-line, into two halves that may be displaced or separated from each other. Splitting of the body image most frequently applies to the migraine sufferer's head. The said phenomenon, the pathomechanisms of which are obscure, must not be confused with the visual illusion of illusory splitting.
Assimilation of Ultramafic Rock in Subduction-Related Magmatic Arcs

Assimilation of ultramafic rock by fractionating magma may be an important process in the genesis of subduction-related magmatic arcs. Physical conditions, characterized by low viscosity, fractionating mafic magma, and high wall rock temperatures, are favorable for interaction between magma and rock in the upper mantle. Kinetic and equilibrium constraints determine the availability of wall rock for reaction and the ratio of mass assimilated vs. mass crystallized (Ma/Mc). The exact value of MaiMe is difficult to predict but, in general, should vary from near 1.0 to about 0.4 for mafic magma reacting with peridotite at high temperature. For any positive value of MaiMe, the effect of assimilation of magnesian rock in fractionating magma is to produce a less iron-enriched, more alkaline derivative liquid than would be produced by crystal fractionation alone. A method is presented for evaluating the effect of combined assimilation and crystal fractionation (AFC) which permits continuously changing values for the crystal/liquid distribution coefficient, Ma/Mc, and the composition of the assimilate, unlike modified versions of the integrated Rayleigh equations in which these parameters must be constant over the entire crystallization interval. A comparison of the concentration of compatible vs. incompatible elements shows that, in principle, even in the absence of isotopic or trace element discriminants, magma series produced by AFC may be distinguished from those derived by crystal fractionation alone. In AFC, the concentration of a compatible element in many cases approaches a steady state value, while the concentration of an incompatible element increases exponentially.
A comparison of computer conferences with face-to-face meetings for small group business decisions

Abstract This study reports on the evaluation of four meeting techniques for decision-making by small groups. Two face-to-face and two computer conferencing techniques were evaluated by small groups solving business cases. Particular groups varied widely in their satisfaction with different meeting techniques, but there was no significant difference in the quality of the group decisions.
Improving Social Connection Through a Communities-of-Practice-Inspired Cognitive Work Analysis Approach

Objective: Increasingly, people work in socially networked environments. With growing adoption of enterprise social network technologies, supporting effective social community is becoming an important factor in organizational success. Background: Relatively few human factors methods have been applied to social connection in communities. Although team methods provide a contribution, they do not suit design for communities. Wenger’s community of practice concept, combined with cognitive work analysis, provided one way of designing for community. Method: We used a cognitive work analysis approach modified with principles for supporting communities of practice to generate a new website design. Over several months, the community using the site was studied to examine their degree of social connectedness and communication levels. Results: Social network analysis and communications analysis, conducted at three different intervals, showed increases in connections between people and between people and organizations, as well as increased communication following the launch of the new design. Conclusion: In this work, we suggest that human factors approaches can be effective in social environments, when applied considering social community principles. Application: This work has implications for the development of new human factors methods as well as the design of interfaces for sociotechnical systems that have community building requirements.
Analysis of secondary structure and self‐assembly of amelogenin by variable temperature circular dichroism and isothermal titration calorimetry

Amelogenin is a proline‐rich enamel matrix protein known to play an important role in the oriented growth of enamel crystals. Amelogenin self‐assembles to form nanospheres and higher order structures mediated by hydrophobic interactions. This study aims to obtain a better insight into the relationship between primary–secondary structure and self‐assembly of amelogenin by applying computational and biophysical methods. Variable temperature circular dichroism studies indicated that under physiological pH recombinant full‐length porcine amelogenin contains unordered structures in equilibrium with polyproline type II (PPII) structure, the latter being more populated at lower temperatures. Increasing the concentration of rP172 resulted in the promotion of folding to an ordered β‐structured assembly. Isothermal titration calorimetry dilution studies revealed that at all temperatures, self‐assembly is entropically driven due to the hydrophobic effect and the molar heat of assembly (ΔHA) decreases with temperature. Using a computational approach, a profile of domains in the amino acid sequence that have a high propensity to assemble and to have PPII structures has been identified. We conclude that the assembly properties of amelogenin are due to complementarity between the hydrophobic and PPII helix prone regions. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SAID: Plasmaspheric short circuit of substorm injections

We present magnetically‐conjugate Cluster/DMSP observations of subauroral ion drifts (SAID) after the onset of a weak substorm on 18 March 2002 that confirm and expand on the previous Cluster/DMSP results. The outer side of the SAID channel is aligned with the plasmapause and its outer edge marks the dispersionless boundary of the electron precipitation. The SAID's inner edge co‐locates with a sharp decrease in the flux of the injected ions whose minimum energy increases with the electric potential. Downward ionospheric FACs flow within the channel, mainly near its outer side, concentrating near the density maxima. The SAID peak co‐locates either with that in the density or lies on the outer wall of the trough. The overall SAID features are consistent with a short circuiting of the substorm injection front over the plasmasphere and subsequent formation of a turbulent overlap region.