Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Body Temperature on Neural Activity in the Hippocampus: Regulation of Resting Membrane Potentials by Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4

Physiological body temperature is an important determinant for neural functions, and it is well established that changes in temperature have dynamic influences on hippocampal neural activities. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms have never been clarified. Here, we show that hippocampal neurons express functional transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), one of the thermosensitive TRP (transient receptor potential) channels, and that TRPV4 is constitutively active at physiological temperature. Activation of TRPV4 at 37°C depolarized the resting membrane potential in hippocampal neurons by allowing cation influx, which was observed in wild-type (WT) neurons, but not in TRPV4-deficient (TRPV4KO) cells, although dendritic morphology, synaptic marker clustering, and synaptic currents were indistinguishable between the two genotypes. Furthermore, current injection studies revealed that TRPV4KO neurons required larger depolarization to evoke firing, equivalent to WT neurons, indicating that TRPV4 is a key regulator for hippocampal neural excitabilities. We conclude that TRPV4 is activated by physiological temperature in hippocampal neurons and thereby controls their excitability.
Management values at the Southern Sun Group

South African companies need to become increasingly competitive and productive in the global economy while complying with the statutory requirements of a range of labour legislation. Implementation of the requirements of the Employment Equity Act is likely to result in greater diversity within companies and increasing representation of different race groups at all levels. As management practices may need to be tailored to harness, for competitive advantage, the diverse values that employees bring to the workplace, it was the objective of the present exploratory study to measure similarities and differences in values for managers in the Southern Sun Group, a prominent hotel group in South Africa. The methodology involved obtaining a convenience sample of 68 managers from three race groups, and having them complete the VSM94 instrument (Hofstede, 1994) with the aim of investigating similarities and differences in values between such groups. The findings indicate that managers in the sample evidence both similar and different values along the Hofstede (1994) values dimensions. The study addresses the implications for the Southern Sun Group of managing an increasingly diverse workforce. Where differences in value orientations are apparent, recommendations are made to the management of the Southern Sun Group as to how management practices could be adapted to effectively respond to these differences.
The cardiac sphincter in the cat

A study of the function of the lower end of the oesophagus in the cat confirms that it behaves as a true physiological sphincter, even though histological evidence for such a structure is absent. Sphincteric action is a function of the circular muscle fibres in the lowest 2 cm. of the oesophagus. Reflex changes in tone of the sphincter are mediated through the autonomic nervous system. The effects of possible neurohumoral transmitters, nerve stimulation, and antagonists have been studied.
Underpricing of Privatised IPOs: The Australian Experience

We investigate the price performance of initial public offerings (IPOs) of formerly state-owned companies in Australia. On average, privatised IPOs in Australia are underpriced by about 11%, which is not significantly different from the magnitude of underpricing of the privately-owned IPOs and that of privatised share offerings in other OECD countries. While it appears that the magnitude of underpricing is correlated with the size of issues and the party affiliation of the presiding government, cross-sectional analysis of our sample does not support some traditional theoretical explanations of underpricing for privatised IPOs—only the market sentiment prior to the listing is identified as a significant factor in determining the degree of underpricing. We also investigate the impact of a two-tiered pricing structure on the performance of IPOs.
Agreeing to disagree? Explaining self–other disagreement on leadership behaviour

ABSTRACT Leadership research tends to treat differences among ratings of the same leaders as measurement error. Our study makes such varying perceptions of leadership behaviour its main phenomenon of investigation. We conceptualize divergent leadership ratings based on the difference between managers’ self-ratings and team members’ assessments of leadership behaviour. Using data from three German public organizations on 51 teams and 190 leader–follower dyads, we find that divergent leadership ratings are a function of managers’ motivation, their use of managerial reflection routines, and team members’ personality. The findings point to the importance of using multisource feedback and developing managers’ self- and other-awareness.
An Ontology based Agent Generation for Information Retrieval on Cloud Environment

Retrieving information or discovering knowledge from a well organized data center in general is requested to be familiar with its schema, structure, and architecture, which against the inherent concept and characteristics of cloud environment. An effective approach to retrieve desired information or to extract useful knowledge is an important issue in the emerging information/knowledge cloud. In this paper, we propose an ontology-based agent generation framework for information retrieval in a flexible, transparent, and easy way on cloud environment. While user submitting a flat-text based request for retrieving information on a cloud environment, the request will be automatically deduced by a Reasoning Agent (RA) based on predefined ontology and reasoning rule, and then be translated to a Mobile Information Retrieving Agent Description File (MIRADF) that is formatted in a proposed Mobile Agent Description Language (MADF). A generating agent, named MIRA-GA, is also implemented to generate a MIRA according to the MIRADF. We also design and implement a prototype to integrate these agents and show an interesting example to demonstrate the feasibility of the architecture.
Metallicities and radial velocities of five open clusters including a new candidate member of the Monoceros stream

Near-infrared spectra of 133 red giant stars from 10 Galactic open clusters and two Galactic globular clusters spanning 2.2dex in metallicity and 11Gyr in age are presented. We combine this sample with 10 clusters from Cole and collaborators to investigate the CaII triplet line strengths and their relation to cluster metallicity and position along the red giant branch. We show that characterizing the stellar surface gravity using Ks-band photometry (relative to the horizontal branch) taken from the Two Micron All-Sky Survey allows for metallicity measurements at least as precise as those derived using V- or I-band data. This has the great advantage that uniform photometry and reliable astrometry are available for a large number of clusters. Using Ks-band photometry also reduces the effect of differential reddening within a given cluster. We find no significant evidence for age or metallicity effects to the linear CaII triplet-metallicity relationship over the small range in magnitudes studied when homogeneous reference metallicities are used. We derive the first spectroscopic metallicity and new radial velocity estimates for five open clusters: Berkeley81, Berkeley99, IC1311, King2 and NGC7044. King2 has an anomalous radial velocity compared with the local disc population. We discuss the possibility that it is part of the Monoceros tidal stream.
Improving Predictions for Helium Emission Lines

We have combined the detailed He I recombination model of Smits with the collisional transitions of Sawey & Berrington in order to produce new accurate helium emissivities that include the effects of collisional excitation from both the 2 3S and 2 1S levels. We present a grid of emissivities for a range of temperature and densities along with analytical fits and error estimates. These grids eliminate the necessity of making corrections for collisional enhancements as in the work of Clegg or Kingdon & Ferland for lines with upper levels below n=5. For densities greater than ne≈106 cm-3, inclusion of collisional excitation from the 2 1S level is also necessary if accuracies of greater than a few percent are required. Atomic data for a model atom with 29 levels (nmax=5) are presented that match the recombination model of Smits to within 5% over the temperature range T=5000-20,000 K. Collisional effects are calculated self-consistently using the algorithm of Almog & Netzer. This model atom will be useful in models of radiative transfer. A notable feature of this technique is an algorithm that calculates the "indirect" recombination rates, the recombination to individual levels that go through n>nmax first. Fits accurate to within 1% are given for the emissivities of the brightest lines over a restricted range for estimates of primordial helium abundance. We characterize the analysis uncertainties associated with uncertainties in temperature, density, fitting functions, and input atomic data. We estimate that atomic data uncertainties alone may limit abundance estimates to an accuracy of ~1.5%; systematic errors may be greater than this. This analysis uncertainty must be incorporated when attempting to make high-accuracy estimates of the helium abundance. For example, in recent determinations of the primordial helium abundance, uncertainties in the input atomic data have been neglected. Finally, we compare our theoretical calculations to the measured strengths of a few dozen helium emission lines in three nebulae, Orion (NGC 1976) and the planetary nebulae NGC 6572 and IC 4997. Incorporation of collisional effects yields noticeable improvements for some lines, but some notable discrepancies remain.
A young double stellar cluster in an HII region, emerging from its parent molecular cloud ,

Aims. We investigate the star formation occurring in the region towards IRAS 07141-0920 contained in the HII region Sh2-294 (S294). We report the discovery ��� of a new young double stellar cluster, and we describe its properties. Methods. High-resolution optical UBVRI and Hα images obtained with ALFOSC mounted on the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), near-infrared JHKS images obtained with NOTCam at the Nordic Optical Telescope, and VLT/ISAAC images obtained through the H2 (2.12 µm) filter were all used to make photometric and morphological studies of the point sources and the nebula seen towards Sh2-294. Identification of PMS members was done using three different methods: comparison with isochrones in optical colour−magnitude diagrams and detection of either near-IR excess or Hα emission. Results. The optical images reveal an emission nebula rich in morphological details. The nebula is composed mainly of ultraviolet scattered light and of Hα emission with local morphological features conveying an impression of strong dynamical complexity. Contrasting with the bright parts of the nebula, opaque patches are seen. They appear elongated, filamentary, or clumpy. Our optical photometry confirms that the identification of the illuminator of the nebula is likely to be a B0.5V star located at a distance of about 3.2 kpc. Our high-resolution near-IR images reveal an embedded cluster, extending about 2 pc and exhibiting sub-clustering: a denser, more condensed, subcluster surrounding the optical high-mass B0.5V illuminator star; and a more embedded, optically invisible, subcluster located towards the eastern, dark part of the nebula and including the luminous MSX source G224.1880+01.2407, a massive protostellar candidate that could be the origin of jets and extended features seen at 2.12 µm. The double cluster appears to be clearing the remaining molecular material of the parent cloud, creating patches of lower extinction and allowing some of the least reddened members to be detected in the optical images. We find 12 main-sequence (MS) and 143 pre-main sequence(PMS) members. The most massive star fits a 4 Myr, post-MS isochrone. The age of the optically selected PMS population is estimated to be 7− 8M yr. The IR-excess population shows sub-clustering on scales as small as 0.23 pc and is probably much younger.
THE IMPACT OF MICROCREDIT ON POVERTY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT: A CASE STUDY OF BANGLADESH

The microcredit program in Bangladesh is a unique innovation of credit delivery designed to enhance the income generating activities of the poor. Its uniqueness is reflected in its collateral-free group-based lending strategy. The program extends small loans to poor people, mainly women, for self-employment activities thus allowing clients to achieve a better quality of life. This program is regarded as a very exciting anti-poverty tool for the poorest, especially for women. This study investigates the impact of microcredit on economic indicators as well as consumption behaviour of the borrowers. It further analyses the impact of microcredit on women’s empowerment. Primary data has been collected from the borrowers of two major microcredit institutions in Bangladesh. Alongside the borrowers, data have also been collected from non-borrowers of the same village to compare the impact between borrowers and control group. The empirical work has used sophisticated econometric techniques. Five different econometric methods OLS, 2SLS, Probit, Tobit and SURE estimators have been applied to the sample
Further evaluations of Weil sums

where Fq denotes the finite field of q elements (q = p e for p a prime) and f ∈ Fq[X]. In a recent article [2] the author gave explicit evaluations of all Weil sums with f(X) = aX α+1 and p odd. These were obtained mostly through generalising methods used by Carlitz in [1] who obtained explicit evaluations of Weil sums with f(X) = aX + bX, p odd. In this article we complete the work begun in [2]. By generalising some of the methods employed by Carlitz in [1] we obtain explicit evaluations of the exponential sums
Drug and Alcohol Dependence

BACKGROUND: Alcoholism is characterized by impaired decision-making (i.e., choosing intoxication in the face of mounting negative consequences). This impairment may involve a reduced brain response to the negative consequences of behavior, which supports an inclination to engage in risky behaviors. The feedback error-related negativity (F-ERN) is hypothesized to reflect the valence attached to the negative consequences of behavior. Performance on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) measures risk-taking propensity. We recorded F-ERNs during the BART and during a BART simulation, where individuals observed the rewards and consequences of (someone else’s) BART performance. METHODS: EEGs were recorded on 22 actively drinking, treatment-naïve alcoholics during the BART and BART simulation. F-ERNs were measured and their association with psychological and alcohol use measures was examined. RESULTS: F-ERNs over fronto-central electrode sites were observed to balloon pops in the BART and BART simulation. F-ERNs during the BART were more than twice the amplitude of F-ERNs during the BART simulation. Smaller F-ERN amplitudes from the BART (but not the BART simulation) were associated with a greater family history density of alcohol problems. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a possible link between the genetic vulnerability toward developing alcoholism and the brain’s response to the negative consequences of behavior.
Receptive field analysis and orientation selectivity of postsynaptic potentials of simple cells in cat visual cortex

Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) were recorded from cat striate cortical cells by the whole-cell in vivo recording technique using patch-clamp electrodes. EPSPs and IPSPs evoked by flashing bars on the receptive field at different positions and orientations revealed the spatial structure of the excitatory and inhibitory inputs. The elongation of the excitatory input field (length:width ratio) was found to be minimal (mean ratio of 1.7) and much lower than those reported for spike discharges. Two-dimensional receptive field response profiles of early PSPs were recorded by flashing a small spot of light over a square matrix covering the receptive field. These recordings also showed only mild degrees of elongations of the receptive field. Such elongations could be the result of either an excitatory input from the geniculate that is already biased for orientation or an excitatory convergence from a limited number of LGN fields arranged in a row. In most first- order cells, we found that inhibition was contributing significantly to orientation selectivity. Often prominent IPSPs could be evoked by stimuli of nonoptimum orientations. Presence of inhibition could also be inferred by the way that EPSPs were sharply cut off by inhibition. When the amplitude of an EPSP was measured at different latencies after its onset, the EPSP was found to be very broadly tuned to orientation at the beginning, but showing increasing orientation selectivity with time. It is proposed that this progressive development of orientation selectivity is due to (1) inhibitory inputs arriving after the first wave of excitation, (2) intracortical excitatory inputs from other cells tuned to similar orientations, and (3) voltage-sensitive mechanisms such as NMDA channels.
Teaching as inquiry: Understandings and challenges towards a professional way of being

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES. vii ABBREVIATIONS . viii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Rationale . 1 Research Aims . 4 Research Questions . 5 The thesis outline . 5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 Teaching as inquiry: defining an effective pedagogy . 8 Teaching as inquiry: teacher professional learning and development . 15 Teaching as inquiry: a mechanism for sustained school improvement through leaders creating organisational learning . 20 The leadership for learning context . 23 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY . 31 The Research Design and Sample Selection . 32 Base-line Questionnaire Sampling . 34 School Sampling . 34 Semi-structured Interview Sampling . 36 Research Methods . 37 Data Analysis . 41 Reliability and validity . 44 Ethical Issues . 46 CHAPTER FOUR: SETTING THE SCENE FOR RESEARCH FINDINGS . 50 Documentary analysis findings from official documents . 50 The Kiwi Leadership Model (KLP) – a model of educational leadership . 51 The Professional Standards for Primary Principals . 53 The Registered Teacher Criteria and Handbook . 55 Base-line questionnaire findings. 61 Question Items . 61
Rapid Remission in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma of the Nasal Type by the Bortezomib plus CHOP Therapy

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is rare and difficult to treat for its high relapse rate. The authors report a case of PTCL of the skin, regarding which clinical and pathological features, treatment, and prognosis were discussed. A 66-year-old woman was admitted with complaints of enlarging erythematous noduloplaques on the right anterior tibial skin for one year and similar lesions on the left for 6 months. Surgical resection of right leg lesion and biopsy of enlarged inguinal lymph nodes histologically indicated a PTCL of the nasal type. The patient was treated by CHOP plus bortezomib, reached complete remission just after two courses of chemotherapy and then received another two as consolidation. The patient remained in remission for 11 months until local relapse. As for cutaneous lesions, detailed lymph node examination and prompt tissue biopsy are judicious choices prior to any medical management. The chemotherapy consisting of bortezomib and CHOP is safe and efficient in PTCL of the skin.
Using Eye-Tracking to Investigate Strategy and Performance of Expert and Novice Control Room Operators

The strategies of expert and novice petrochemical control room operators were investigated using eye-tracking as they monitored and corrected a crude refinement simulation. Plotted scan paths were used to investigate the differences in eye behavior of three expert control room operators and six novice students. The effects of expertise and interface type on participant eye movements were evaluated. Scan path analysis revealed that monitoring strategy and interface type influenced how quickly participants were able to detect changes on-screen, though monitoring strategy did not depend on expertise level. Overall, eye-tracking successfully identified the effects of monitoring strategy and interface type on performance.
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions Correlation of Burnout Syndrome with Specific Coping Strategies, Behaviors, and Spiritual Attitudes among Interns at Yale

2015, National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board of the Republic of Korea This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to determine the correlation of burnout syndrome with specific coping strategies, behaviors, and spiritual attitudes among interns in internal medicine, primary care, and internal medicine/pediatrics residency programs at two institutions. Methods: Intern physicians completed anonymous voluntary surveys prior to starting the internship in June 2009 and in the middle of the internship in February 2010. Three validated survey instruments were used to explore burnout, coping, and spiritual attitudes: the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the COPE Inventory, and the Hatch Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale. The interns were in programs at the (84.9%) (P< 0.0001), and that of high depersonalization increased from 42/66 (63.6%) to 45/53 (84.9%) (P= 0.01). Interns who employed the strategies of acceptance and active coping were less likely to experience emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (P< 0.05). Perceptions of high personal accomplishment was 75.5% and was positively correlated with total scores on the Hatch Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale, as well as the internal/fluid and existential/meditative domains of that instrument. Specific behaviors did not impact burnout. Conclusion: Burnout increased during the intern year. Acceptance, active coping, and spirituality were correlated with less burnout. Specific behaviors were not correlated with burnout domains.
Cheating and Incentives: Learning from a Policy Experiment

We use a database generated by a policy intervention that incentivized learning as measured by standardized exams to investigate empirically the relationship between cheating by students and cash incentives to students and teachers. We adapt methods from the education measurement literature to calculate the extent of cheating, and show that cheating is more prevalent under treatments that provide monetary incentives to students (versus no incentives, or incentives only to teachers), both in the sense of a larger number of cheating students per classroom and in the sense of more cheating relations per classroom. We also provide evidence of learning to cheat, with both the number of cheating students per classroom and the average number of cheating relations increasing over the years under treatments that provide monetary incentives to students.