Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Priorities for Marine Biodiversity Conservation

In recent decades, many marine populations have experienced major declines in abundance, but we still know little about where management interventions may help protect the highest levels of marine biodiversity. We used modeled spatial distribution data for nearly 12,500 species to quantify global patterns of species richness and two measures of endemism. By combining these data with spatial information on cumulative human impacts, we identified priority areas where marine biodiversity is most and least impacted by human activities, both within Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) and Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ). Our analyses highlighted places that are both accepted priorities for marine conservation like the Coral Triangle, as well as less well-known locations in the southwest Indian Ocean, western Pacific Ocean, Arctic and Antarctic Oceans, and within semi-enclosed seas like the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas. Within highly impacted priority areas, climate and fishing were the biggest stressors. Although new priorities may arise as we continue to improve marine species range datasets, results from this work are an essential first step in guiding limited resources to regions where investment could best sustain marine biodiversity.
Gay Marriage: for Better or for Worse?: What We've Learned from the Evidence

Opponents of same-sex marriage in the United States claim that allowing gays and lesbians to marry would undermine the institution of marriage, weaken family structures, and cause harm to children. Drawing from 17 years of data and experience with same-sex marriage in Scandinavia (in the form of registered partnerships), Gay Marriage: For Better or for Worse? is the first book to present empirical evidence about the effects of same-sex marriage on society. Spedale and Eskridge find that the evidence refutes conservative defense-of-marriage arguments and, in fact, demonstrates that the institution of marriage may indeed benefit from the legalization of gay marriage. If we look at the proof from abroad, the authors show, we must conclude that the sanctioning of gay marriage in the United States would neither undermine marriage as an institution, nor harm the wellbeing of our nation's children. "A very interesting book that people should read. " -Bill O'Reilly, Host, The O'Reilly Factor "Whatever your views are now on same-sex marriage, this is the book to read to be informed about why same sex couples want legal recognition and what legal union means to them and to the larger community. Spedale and Eskridge give detailed accounts of the effects of registered partnerships in Scandinavia-and along the way, offer fascinating and engaging pictures of many people's lives. " -Martha Minow, Jeremiah Smith Jr. Professor, Harvard Law School "Spedale and Eskridge illuminate with remarkable even-handedness a debate that tends to generate more heat than light. They provide a cogent analysis of conservative arguments that same-sex matrimony threatens conventional marriage, and argue persuasively that enabling same-sex partners to marry may actually strengthen that beleaguered institution. " -John Podesta, President and CEO, Center for American Progress "An important and timely contribution. It should be required reading for anyone interested in the future of families in America. " -Martha Albertson Fineman, Robert W. Woodruff Professor, Emory Law School
Older Widows And The Life Course: Multiple Narratives Of Hidden Lives

Introduction: the experience of later life widowhood Becoming and being an older widow The social world of older widows Conceptualising and re-conceptualising widowhood Researching later life widowhood Out in the field Twenty older widows Me, myself History and me Me and my social world Me now Multiple narratives of later life widowhood Reflecting Conclusion Bibliography Index.
COMPARISON OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS AND VECTORCARDIOGRAMS IN CONGENITAL AORTIC STENOSIS*†

In a previous study (Hugenholtz, Lees, and Nadas, 1962) correlations between the resting hemodynamic state in congenital aortic stenosis (AS) and the cube vectorcardiogram showed great accuracy in predicting the presence of left ventricular hypertension. Results were better than those obtained by the standard electrocardiogram in a study of a larger group of similar patients (Braun-wald et al., 1963). QRS
Two-Component Jet Models of Gamma-Ray Burst Sources

Recent observational and theoretical studies have raised the possibility that the collimated outflows in gamma-ray burst (GRB) sources have two distinct components: a narrow (opening half-angle θj,n), highly relativistic (initial Lorentz factor ηn ≳ 102) outflow, from which the gamma-ray emission originates, and a wider (θj,w ≲ 3θj,n), moderately relativistic (ηw ~ 10) surrounding flow. Using a simple synchrotron emission model, we calculate the R-band afterglow light curves expected in this scenario and derive algebraic expressions for the flux ratios of the emission from the two jet components at the main transition times in the light curve. For viewing angles θobs < θj,n we find that the contribution of the wide component to the optical afterglow is negligible if its kinetic energy Ew is significantly smaller than that of the narrow component, En, as expected for the jet core and cocoon outflow components in the collapsar jet breakout model. However, if Ew/En > 1 [but the isotropic equivalent energy ratio Eiso,w/Eiso,n = (Ew/En)(θj,n/θj,w)2 remains <1], as expected for the decoupled neutron (wide) and proton (narrow) components in an initially neutron-rich, hydromagnetically accelerated jet model, then the narrow component only dominates the early afterglow and the wide component takes over after its nominal deceleration time tdec,w (typically ~0.1-1 days). Given that tdec,w is comparable to the jet break time tjet,n of the narrow component for characteristic parameter values, the emergence of the wide component at tdec,w may mask the jet break in the narrow component at tjet,n, which in turn may lead to an overestimate of the gamma-ray energy emitted by the source and hence of the required gamma-ray emission efficiency. We apply this scheme also to X-ray flash sources, which we interpret as GRB jets viewed at an angle θobs > θj,n. Finally, we argue that a neutron-rich hydromagnetic outflow may naturally give rise to repeated brightening episodes in the afterglow light curve as observed in GRB 021004 and GRB 030329.
The relationship between independence, inclusion and well-being: the perspective of older citizens living in Coventry, U.K.

Independence, inclusion and wellbeing are commonly seen in a complementary relationship in policy and research literature. This paper examines the meaning of these terms for older citizens living in Coventry and the implications for policy implementation. The data presented, obtained from a large community survey of citizens of 55 years and over living in Coventry, found that although most survey participants were able to function independently, participate in ordinary community life and enjoyed reasonable physical and mental health, many others experienced a series of significant barriers to inclusion and wellbeing. The paper concludes that there is no automatic convergence between independence, inclusion and wellbeing at the level of the individual citizen and that to address this issue, more socially inclusive rather than individualistic forms of independence may be more appropriate goals for local public agencies
Clinical Interventions in Aging Dovepress Intramedullary versus Extramedullary Fixation in the Management of Subtrochanteric Femur Fractures: a Meta-analysis

Background: Intramedullary and extramedullary fixation methods are used in the management of subtrochanteric femur fractures. However, whether intramedullary or extramedullary fixation is the primary treatment for subtrochanteric femur fractures in adults remains debatable. databases were searched separately for all relevant studies published before January 1, 2015. No language restriction was applied. Prospective randomized controlled trials that compared intramedullary or extramedullary internal fixation to repair subtrochanteric femur fractures in adults were included. We determined intraoperative data, postoperative complications, fracture fixation complications, wound infection, hospital stay days, and final outcome measures to assess the relative effects of different internal fixation methods for the treatment of subtrochanteric femur fractures in adults. Results: Six studies were included in our meta-analysis. The relative risks (RRs) of revision in the intramedullary group compared with the extramedullary group. No significant differences were found between the intramedullary group and extramedullary group for intraoperative data, postoperative complications, wound infection, hospital stay days or final outcome measures. Conclusion: In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that there was no significant difference in intraoperative data, postoperative complications, wound infection, hospital stay days or final outcome measures between intramedullary and extramedullary internal fixation. However, a significant decrease occurred in the rate of fracture fixation complications for patients treated with intramedullary internal fixation, especially in elderly patients. Some differences were not significant, but the treatment of elderly subtrochanteric femur fractures using intramedullary internal fixation is recommended.
High‐Dose Intravenous Corticosteroid Treatment for Patients with Diamond‐Blackfan Syndrome Resistant or Refractory to Conventional Treatment

Five out of eight patients with congenital pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), who became refractory or did not respond to conventional prednisone treatment (2 mg/kg), responded to high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone administration. The drug was given daily 30 mg/kg for 3 days, 20 mg/kg for 4 days, then subsequently 10, 5, and 2 mg/kg for a week, followed by 1 mg/kg until the hemoglobin level reached 12 g/dl. In the other three patients, although normoblasts appeared in the bone marrow, hemoglobin elevation was not observed. These three patients finally responded fully to a dose of 100 mg/kg intravenously. Therefore, we believe that resistance to corticosteroids could be overcome by increasing the dose in patients with Diamond-Blackfan syndrome. Four of these patients have been off the treatment for 2–13 months. Seven recurrences occurred in three patients 6–9 months following discontinuation of the treatment. However, all again responded to the same regimen.
Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Chronic Neuropathic or Radicular Pain: An Interaction of Pain and Age

A growing body of empirical research has confirmed an association between chronic pain and cognitive dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to determine whether cognitive function is affected in patients with a diagnosis of chronic neuropathic or radicular pain relative to healthy control participants matched by age, gender, and years of education. We also examined the interaction of pain with age in terms of cognitive performance. Some limitations of previous clinical research investigating the effects of chronic pain on cognitive function include differences in the pain and cognitive scale materials used, and the heterogeneity of patient participants, both in terms of their demographics and pathological conditions. To address these potential confounds, we have used a relatively homogenous patient group and included both experimental and statistical controls. We have also specifically investigated the interaction effect of pain and age on cognitive performance. Patients (n = 38) and controls (n = 38) were administered a battery of cognitive tests measuring IQ, spatial and verbal memory, attention, and executive function. Educational level, depressive symptoms, and state anxiety were assessed as were medication usage, caffeine, and nicotine consumption to control for possible confounding effects. Both the level of depressive symptoms and the state anxiety score were higher in chronic pain patients than in matched control participants. Chronic pain patients had a lower estimated IQ than controls, and showed impairments on measures of spatial and verbal memory. Attentional responding was altered in the patient group, possibly indicative of impaired inhibitory control. There were significant interactions between chronic pain condition and age on a number of cognitive outcome variables, such that older patients with chronic pain were more impaired than both age-matched controls and younger patients with chronic pain. Chronic pain did not appear to predict performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, which was used a measure of executive function. This study supports and extends previous research indicating that chronic pain is associated with impaired memory and attention. Perspective: Compared to healthy control participants, patients with chronic neuropathic or radicular pain showed cognitive deficits which were most pronounced in older pain patients.
Cryptosporidium parvum Among Coprolites from La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos (600–800 CE), Rio Zape Valley, Durango, Mexico

Abstract In the present study, 90 coprolites from La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos (CMC) were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for 3 diarrhea-inducing protozoan parasites, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, and Cryptosporidium parvum, to determine whether these parasites were present among the people who utilized this cave 1,200–1,400 yr ago. These people, the Loma San Gabriel, developed as a culture out of the Archaic Los Caracoles population and lived throughout much of present-day Durango and Zacatecas in Mexico. The Loma San Gabriel persisted through a mixed subsistence strategy of hunting-gathering and agricultural production. The results of ELISA testing were negative for both E. histolytica and G. duodenalis across all coprolites. A total of 66/90 (∼73% prevalence) coprolites tested positive or likely positive for C. parvum. The high prevalence of C. parvum among CMC coprolites contributes to our growing knowledge of the pathoecology among the Loma San Gabriel who utilized CMC. Herein, we report the successful recovery of C. parvum coproantigens from prehistoric coprolites. The recovery of these coproantigens demonstrates the existence of C. parvum in Mesoamerica before European contact in the 1400s.
HMGB1 Localization during Experimental Periodontitis

Aim. This study sought to investigate the in vitro expression profile of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in murine periodontal ligament fibroblasts (mPDL) stimulated with LPS or IL-1β and in vivo during ligature- or LPS-induced periodontitis in rats. Material and Methods. For the in vivo study, 36 rats were divided into experimental and control groups, and biopsies were harvested at 7–30 d following disease induction. Bone loss and inflammation were evaluated. HMGB1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and Western blot. Results. Significant increases in mPDL HMGB1 mRNA occurred at 4, 8, and 12 h with protein expression elevated by 24 h. HMGB1 mRNA expression in gingival tissues was significantly increased at 15 d in the LPS-PD model and at 7 and 15 d in the ligature model. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a significant increase in the number of HMGB1-positive cells during the experimental periods. Conclusion. The results show that PDL cells produce HMGB1, which is increased and secreted extracellularly after inflammatory stimuli. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that HMGB1 may be associated with the onset and progression of periodontitis, suggesting that further studies should investigate the potential role of HMGB1 on periodontal tissue destruction.
Mode-Target Games: Reactive Synthesis for Control Applications

In this paper, we introduce a class of linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications for which the problem of synthesizing controllers can be solved in polynomial time. The new class of specifications is an LTL fragment that we term <italic>Mode Target</italic> (MT) and is inspired by numerous control applications where there are modes and corresponding (possibly multiple) targets for each mode. We formulate the problem of synthesizing a controller enforcing an MT specification as a game and provide an algorithm that requires <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(\sum _i t_i n^2)$</tex-math></inline-formula> symbolic steps, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of states in the game graph, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t_i$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of targets corresponding to mode <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i$</tex-math></inline-formula>.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: Correlation Between the Foveal Avascular Zone and Visual Acuity.

PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) evaluated with optical coherence angiography (OCT-A). METHODS The study was a prospective consecutive case series including 24 patients with CRVO. All patients received either aflibercept or ranibizumab intravitreal injections prior to analysis. Best-corrected visual acuity and FAZ were evaluated in eyes without macular edema. The FAZ areas were evaluated with OCT-A in both the superficial and deep capillary plexus layers by using 3 × 3-mm images of the macula. Disruption of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) was also analyzed. RESULTS The mean superficial FAZ area measured 0.76 mm2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50-1.13). The mean deep FAZ area measured 1.12 mm2 (95% CI 0.77-1.47). In a multivariable analysis a negative correlation was found between the BCVA and the superficial FAZ area (r = -0.54, P = 0.03). The correlation between the BCVA and deep FAZ area did not meet statistical significance (r = -0.43, P = 0.09). In a multivariable analysis, disruption of the ellipsoid zone was significantly correlated to a larger superficial FAZ area (r = 0.68, P = <0.001) and poor visual acuity (r = 0.75, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Optical coherence tomography-A is a novel technique that allows segmented evaluation of the FAZ in patients with CRVO providing additional prognostic information. The FAZ areas were enlarged both in the superficial and the deep capillary networks. A significant correlation was found between BCVA and the FAZ area in CRVO patients without macular edema (ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02274259).
International Medical Case Reports Journal Diagnostic Dilemma; Report of a Bizarre Case of Advanced Scalp and Face Angiosarcoma and Literature Review

A 36-year-old male painter presented to our service in 2007 with an ulcerated solitary scalp swelling of 8 months' duration. The mass was a dormant, painless, pea-sized growth, which he had had since childhood and which he bruised in a passenger motorcycle road traffic accident 8 months prior to presentation. The accident caused it to flare up and progressively increase in size, with associated pain, contact bleeding, and ulceration. A work-up for excision biopsy was proposed, but the patient defaulted and presented 2 years later with an increased number of lesions all around the scalp and face and in an obviously deteriorating clinical status with regional lymph node involvement at this stage. An incisional biopsy was then carried out and the histological reports came out with three different diagnoses of glioblastoma multiforme, poorly differentiated angiosarcoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, constituting a major diagnostic dilemma for our service.
Lymphoproliferative immune function in the Sydney Blood Bank Cohort, infected with natural nef/long terminal repeat mutants, and in other long‐term survivors of transfusion‐acquired HIV‐1 infection

Objectives:To assess T-helper cell immune function (proliferation) in members of the Sydney Blood Bank Cohort (SBBC) compared with other individuals with transfusion- and sexually acquired HIV-1 infection and with matched HIV-negative controls. Design and methods:Decreasing CD4 counts and T-helper cell function are associated with disease progression. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from study subjects were assayed for in vitro proliferative responses to HIV-1-derived antigens, recall antigens and alloantigen. T-helper cell function and CD4 counts in members of the SBBC were followed longitudinally. Results:Proliferative responses and CD4 counts from members of the SBBC were similar to or better than those of other transfusion- or sexually-acquired HIV-1-positive long-term non-progressors (LTNP), including the HIV-negative matched SBBC control groups. However, individuals with disease progression had reduced or undetectable proliferative responses to recall antigens but a conserved response to alloantigen; they also had low CD4 counts and low CD4 : CD8 ratios. In the SBBC, these immune parameters were usually stable over time. Conclusions:The unique SBBC with natural nef/long terminal repeat deletions in the HIV-1 genome were genuine LTNP without showing signs of disease progression. They appeared to be a group distinct from the tail-end of the normal distribution of disease progression rates, and may remain asymptomatic indefinitely. The SBBC virus may form the basis of a live attenuated immunotherapeutic or immunoprophylactic HIV vaccine.
Complexity and implementation aspects of filter bank multicarrier A potential technology enabler of next generation radio systems

Multicarrier modulations considered for 5G include filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (fOFDM), filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) and cyclic convolution based FBMC. In these modulations, to achieve better spectral containment compared to conventional OFDM, individual or groups of subcarriers are combined and shaped with a filter. This increases the computational complexity compared to OFDM. In this contribution, a comparison of this complexity is evaluated for these different modulation schemes. In addition to the complexity analysis, the suitability of FBMC for specific 5G usecases is also demonstrated in this work via two experimental implementations. Both use-cases aim at exploiting the unused fragmented spectrum in bands below 1 GHz. FBMC exploits efficiently the underutilized fragmented spectrum while guaranteeing superior interference protection to coexisting primary transmissions. These key characteristics can satisfy critical requirements existing 4G and future 5G systems. Keywords—multi-carrier modulations, 5G, fragmented spectrum; efficient-agile waveforms
mHealth: Technology for nursing practice, education, and research

Mobile health (mHealth) is a rapidly growing field providing the potential to enhance patient education, prevent disease, enhance diagnostics, improve treatment, lower health care costs and increase access to health care services, and advance evidence-based research. For the field of nursing the potential capabilities of mHealth are not only for patient care but for delivery of nursing education to our future practicing nurses, providing a means of communication between healthcare professionals located close and at greater geographic distances, and provides access to information and personal monitoring for geographically isolated clients. Although mHealth capabilities’ value appears significant for training, and practice, there remains a significant need for research and evaluation of the devices that now appearing in the health care marketplace. The National Institute of Nursing Research’s strategic plan includes supporting research to develop and test the flood of health apps to assist clients in the management of their health. The purposes of this paper are to: 1) discuss the importance of mHealth in nursing practice, education, and research, and 2) describe the mHealth initiatives underway at the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing as exemplars to stimulate mHealth research and promote nursing role in providing health care to patients in this age of information technology.