Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavior Analysis in Love Model of Romeo and Juliet with Time Delay

Abstract We say that human have an animal of emotion. There are various k ind in the emotion of human. One of among them, love has been studied in sociology and psychology a s a matter of great concern. In this paper, wepropose a novel love model with the delay time as response time for love. We also consider it in the Romeo and Juliet of love model to analyze their romantic behaviors. F irst we consider the Juliet only have a time delay, Romeo only have a time delay, and both Romeo and Juliet have a time delay. We represent their behaviors astime series and phase portrait, and we analyze their difference . Key Words : Periodic Motion, Quasi-Periodic Motion, Time-series, Phase P ortrait, Love Equation, Romeo, JulietReceived: Dec. 23, 2014Revised : Apr. 2, 2015Accepted: Apr. 7, 2015 † Corresponding author(ycbae@chonnam.ac.kr) 1. 서 론 우리가 살고 있는 세계는 복잡한 구조를 갖는 복잡계이다. 이러한 복잡한 구조 속에서 사람은 동물과는 다른 특성과 감정을 가지고 있다. 특히 사랑이라는 감정은 다른 동물에게는 존재하지 않는 독특한 감정영역의 하나이다. 따라서 사람은 사랑을 할 수 있고 또한 사랑을 받으면서 살아가는 존재이다. 사람들 사이에서 행해지는 사랑의 종류는 많이 있지만 그중에서도 남녀 간의 사랑은 사람의 감정 종류만큼 다양하고 많은 형태로 나타낸다. 더 큰 문제점은 이들 사랑을 모두 계량화하거나 수식화할 수 없다는 문제점이 존재한다. 이러한 상황에서 많은 연구자들에 의해 사랑에 대한 다양한 연구를 수행해 왔으며 앞으로도 많은 연구를 진행할 것으로 예상하고 있다. 지금까지 사랑에 대하여 생물학적, 생리학적, 철학적, 윤리적, 종교적인 연구가 있었지만 수학적으로 모델링하고 이들의 거동을 해석한 경우는 거의 없었다[1]. 사랑을 하나의 감정의 영역이므로 감정에 대한 수학적 표현에 대한 연구로서 중독 모델[2,3], 행복 모델[4-6], 사랑 모델[1,7-9]] 등이 연구되었다. 이들 연구들은 모두 시간 변화량에 대한 지각 등의 변화량을 중심으로 중독, 행복, 사랑에 대한 정의를 한 후 이 정의로부터 2차원의 미분 방정식을 유도하여 이들 거동으로부터 선형 또는 비선형적인 특성이 있음을 보인 것이 특징이다. 사람의 감정이외에 시스템에서 비선형적인 거동에 대한 연구[10-15]는 많이 진행해왔었으나 이는 사람이 아닌 시스템에 대한 것으로 사람의 감정과는 다른 영역의 해석이다. 사랑방정식에 대해서는 수학자들은 수학적 관점에서 사랑에 대한 정의를 해결하고자 하는 노력을 지속[1,5]하였으며 그 대표적으로 로미오와 줄리엣의 사랑을 들 수 있다[1,7-9]. 이들 로미
Deep Chandra Observation of the Pulsar Wind Nebula Powered by Pulsar PSR J1846–0258 in the Supernova Remnant KES 75

We present the results of detailed spatial and spectral analysis of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) in supernova remnant Kes 75 (G29.7–0.3) using a deep exposure with Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The PWN shows a complex morphology with clear axisymmetric structure. We identified a one-sided jet and two bright clumps aligned with the overall nebular elongation, and an arclike feature perpendicular to the jet direction. We interpret the arc as an equatorial torus or wisp and the clumps could be shock interaction between the jets and the surrounding medium. Spatial modeling of the features with a torus and jet model indicates a position angle 207°± 8° for the PWN symmetry axis. The lack of any observable counter jet implies a flow velocity larger than 0.4 c. Comparing to an archival observation 6 yr earlier, some small-scale features in the PWN demonstrate strong variability: the flux of the inner jet doubles, and the peak of the northern clump broadens and shifts 2″ outward. As recently reported from RXTE observations, magnetar-like bursts of the central pulsar occurred coincidentally 7 days before the Chandra exposure. Accompanied with the bursts is a temporary increase in the pulsar flux: during the Chandra observation, the pulsar luminosity is 6 times larger than in quiescent state, and shows substantial spectral softening from Γ = 1.1 to 1.9 with an emerging thermal component.
Evaluation of Anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Aims. Sleep disorders have recently become a significant public health problem worldwide and have deleterious health consequences. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep-related breathing disorders. We aimed to evaluate anthropometric measurements, glucose metabolism, and cortisol levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Materials and Methods. A total of 50 patients with a body mass index ≥30 and major OSA symptoms were included in this study. Anthropometric measurements of the patients were recorded and blood samples were drawn for laboratory analysis. A 24-hour urine sample was also collected from each subject for measurement of 24-hour cortisol excretion. Patients were divided equally into 2 groups according to polysomnography results: control group with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) <5 (n = 25) and OSA group with an AHI ≥5 (n = 25). Results. Neck and waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, late-night serum cortisol, morning serum cortisol after 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test, and 24-hour urinary cortisol levels were significantly higher in OSA patients compared to control subjects. Newly diagnosed DM was more frequent in patients with OSA than control subjects (32% versus 8%, p = 0.034). There was a significant positive correlation between AHI and neck circumference, glucose, and late-night serum cortisol. Conclusions. Our study indicates that increased waist and neck circumferences constitute a risk for OSA regardless of obesity status. In addition, OSA has adverse effects on endocrine function and glucose metabolism.
Analysis of Secure Key Storage Solutions on Android

Mobile phones are increasingly used for security sensitive activities such as online banking or mobile payments. This usually involves some cryptographic operations, and therefore introduces the problem of securely storing the corresponding keys on the phone. In this paper we evaluate the security provided by various options for secure storage of key material on Android, using either Android's service for key storage or the key storage solution in the Bouncy Castle library. The security provided by the key storage service of the Android OS depends on the actual phone, as it may or may not make use of ARM TrustZone features. Therefore we investigate this for different models of phones. We find that the hardware-backed version of the Android OS service does offer device binding -- i.e. keys cannot be exported from the device -- though they could be used by any attacker with root access. This last limitation is not surprising, as it is a fundamental limitation of any secure storage service offered from the TrustZone's secure world to the insecure world. Still, some of Android's documentation is a bit misleading here. Somewhat to our surprise, we find that in some respects the software-only solution of Bouncy Castle is stronger than the Android OS service using TrustZone's capabilities, in that it can incorporate a user-supplied password to secure access to keys and thus guarantee user consent.
Segregation and overlap of callosal and association neurons in frontal and parietal cortices of primates: a spectral and coherency analysis

The spatial relations between selected classes of association and callosal neurons were studied in the frontal and parietal lobes of the macaque monkey using retrogradely transported fluorescent dyes. Fast blue and nuclear yellow were injected in the left frontal (areas 4 and 6) and right posterior parietal (area 5) cortices, respectively. These injections led to the retrograde labeling, in the right frontal cortex, of callosal neurons projecting homotopically and association neurons projecting to ipsilateral area 5; in the left superior parietal lobule, of callosal neurons projecting to contralateral area 5 and association neurons projecting to the ipsilateral frontal lobe. In both frontal and parietal cortices, callosal and association neurons were located in layers III and V-VI; a few neurons were also found in layer II. The contribution of layers V-VI to the callosum was significantly higher in areas 4 and 6 than in area 5. Only a small number of neurons (less than 1%) were double labeled. Spectral analyses were used to characterize the spatial periodicities of the distributions of callosal and association neurons. In areas 4, 6, and 5, both association and callosal spectra were dominated by a strong elevation in the range of low spatial frequencies, corresponding to periodicities in cell density with a peak-to-peak distance of about 8 mm. This indicated an arrangement of these corticocortical cells in the form of bands. The latter displayed various shapes and orientations and were composed of more discrete assemblies of cell clusters of about 400–1000 microns width. Their presence was revealed in the power spectra by a small elevation in the range of high spatial frequencies. The coherency analysis assessed the degree of linear relationships for each spatial frequency, and therefore the degree of similarity, between callosal and association cell distributions, together with their phase relations. Little coherency was found in areas 4 and 6 between bands of callosal and association neurons, which suggests that the 2 cell populations are differently and independently distributed in the tangential domain, with no simple phase relations. The overall mean coherency was higher in area 5 than in the frontal cortex: callosal and association bands were more similar in shape, with more extensive zones of overlap. These data indicate that callosal and association neurons share common principles of spatial organization despite the great regional variability of their interrelations in the tangential cortical domain. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Effect of Blood on Apical Microleakage of Epiphany and AH26: An In Vitro Study

INTRODUCTION: Blood contamination of the canal during preparation can be a major problem in endodontics; this may result in apical microleakage. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of blood on apical microleakage of a resin-based root canal sealer (AH26) and a polymer-based root canal sealer (Epiphany). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, 50 decoronated central incisors and canine teeth were prepared by RaCe rotary system and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10). Groups A1 and A2 were obturated by Epiphany/Resilon and AH26/Gutta-percha, respectively. The obturations were performed with a single cone technique after drying root canals. In B1 and B2 groups, the test groups, 0.02cc citrated human blood was injected into dried root canals and they were obturated in the same manner. Ten specimens were served as positive and negative controls (n=5). The apical leakage was measured by means of a computerized fluid filtration method after 1 day and 3 weeks. The data was analyzed by One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Independent Sample t-test and univariate analysis. Statistical significances were preset at α=0.05. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in apical microleakage of the two sealers after 1 day and 3 weeks in dry and blood environment (P>0.05). Sealer and environment had no interaction (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Blood contamination has no significant effect on the apical microleakage of Epiphny and AH26.
The strength of collusion: A conceptual framework for interpreting hybrid social orders

By moving away from dualistic perspectives that see social order as the product of strong states but not weak states, this article develops a conceptual framework for interpreting hybrid social orders, i.e. those established by both legal and extra-legal actors. The initial premise is that hybrid forms of social domination resulting from the interaction between legal and extra-legal actors, and regulated by a combination of rational bureaucratic and neo-patrimonial rules, produce relevant economic and political outcomes such as job creation, the supply of basic services and the production of authority. Especially in contexts of continuous economic crisis, ethnic segregation, social marginalization and persistent inequality, these outcomes have ordering effects both in terms of reducing uncertainty and regulating social expectations. Furthermore, in such social contexts, socially tolerated illegal markets play a decisive role. Supported by recent and innovative research, this article concludes with hypotheses intended to promote further research.
Effects of Ready-to-Eat-Cereals on Key Nutritional and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Background In many countries breakfast cereals are an important component of breakfast. This systematic review assesses the contribution of consumption of ready-to eat cereal (RTEC) to the recommended nutrient intake. Furthermore, the effects of RTEC consumption on key health parameters are investigated as well as health promoting properties of RTEC. Method The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL have been searched up till 16th of June 2015. Randomized controlled trials were excluded if RTEC were used during hypocaloric diets, if RTEC were eaten at other times than breakfast and if breakfasts included other products than RTEC, milk and fruit. Observational studies were excluded when “breakfast cereals” were not defined or their definition included cooked cereals. From cross-sectional studies only data concerning energy and nutrient intake as well as micronutrient status were used. Results From 4727 identified citations 64 publications met the inclusion criteria of which 32 were cross-sectional studies, eight prospective studies and 24 randomized controlled trials. Consumption of RTEC is associated with a healthier dietary pattern, concerning intake of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, fat and micronutrients, however total sugar intake is higher. Persons consuming RTEC frequently (≥ 5 times/week) have a lower risk of inadequate micronutrient intake especially for vitamin A, calcium, folate, vitamin B 6, magnesium and zinc. Evidence from prospective studies suggests that whole grain RTEC may have beneficial effects on hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Consumption of RTEC with soluble fiber helps to reduce LDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic men and RTEC fortified with folate can reduce plasma homocysteine. Discussion One of the review’s strengths is its thorough ex/inclusion of studies. Limitations are that results of observational studies were based on self-reported data and that many studies were funded by food-industry. Conclusion Consumption of RTEC, especially of fiber-rich or whole grain RTEC, is implicated with several beneficial nutritional and health outcomes. The effect on body weight, intestinal health and cognitive function needs further evaluation. Of concern is the higher total sugar intake associated with frequent RTEC consumption.
Powdery Mildew Resistance in Tomato by Impairment of SlPMR4 and SlDMR1

Genetic dissection of disease susceptibility in Arabidopsis to powdery and downy mildew has identified multiple susceptibility (S) genes whose impairment results in disease resistance. Although several of these S-genes have been cloned and characterized in more detail it is unknown to which degree their function in disease susceptibility is conserved among different plant species. Moreover, it is unclear whether impairment of such genes has potential in disease resistance breeding due to possible fitness costs associated with impaired alleles. Here we show that the Arabidopsis PMR4 and DMR1, genes encoding a callose synthase and homoserine kinase respectively, have functional orthologs in tomato with respect to their S-gene function. Silencing of both genes using RNAi resulted in resistance to the tomato powdery mildew fungus Oidium neolycopersici. Resistance to O. neolycopersici by SlDMR1 silencing was associated with severely reduced plant growth whereas SlPMR4 silencing was not. SlPMR4 is therefore a suitable candidate gene as target for mutagenesis to obtain alleles that can be deployed in disease resistance breeding of tomato.
THE X-RAY PROPERTIES OF TYPICAL HIGH-REDSHIFT RADIO-LOUD QUASARS

We report spectral, imaging, and variability results from four new XMM-Newton observations and two new Chandra observations of high-redshift (z ≳ 4) radio-loud quasars (RLQs). Our targets span lower, and more representative, values of radio loudness than those of past samples of high-redshift RLQs studied in the X-ray regime. Our spectral analyses show power-law X-ray continua with a mean photon index, 〈Γ〉 = 1.74 ± 0.11, that is consistent with measurements of lower redshift RLQs. These continua are likely dominated by jet-linked X-ray emission, and they follow the expected anticorrelation between photon index and radio loudness. We find no evidence of iron Kα emission lines or Compton-reflection continua. Our data also constrain intrinsic X-ray absorption in these RLQs. We find evidence for significant absorption (NH ≈ 1.7 × 1022cm−2) in one RLQ of our sample (SDSS J0011+1446); the incidence of X-ray absorption in our sample appears plausibly consistent with that for high-redshift RLQs that have higher values of radio loudness. In the Chandra observation of PMN J2219−2719 we detect apparent extended (∼14 kpc) X-ray emission that is most likely due to a jet; the X-ray luminosity of this putative jet is ≈2% that of the core. The analysis of a 4.9 GHz Very Large Array image of PMN J2219−2719 reveals a structure that matches the X-ray extension found in this source. We also find evidence for long-term (450–460 days) X-ray variability by 80%–100% in two of our targets.
Job Creation, Job Destruction and Growth of Newly Established, Privatized and State-Owned Enterprises in Transition Economies: Survey Evidence from Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania

This paper reports new and unique firm level survey evidence to investigate the micro economic nature of the growth process and structural change in three transition countries, Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary. In particular we investigate gross job creation and destruction in newly established private (de novo) firms and "traditional" ones, being state owned and privatized firms and find that the de novo private firms are the most dynamic ones in terms of job creation. In addition, we find that job reallocation in the early years of transition occurs predominantly between sectors, while later on in the transition more within sector job reallocation is observed. After controlling for size and life cycle effects we find that de novo private firms consistently outperform the state owned and privatized enterprises. In addition, we find that state owned enterprises are not significantly different in their employment behavior from privatized firms. We find mixed effects of competition on employment growth. They vary according to sector and country. Finally, we find evidence that suggests efficiency wage payments are important for employment growth in Hungary, but not in Romania and Bulgaria.
Rewarding Duopoly Innovators: The Price of Exclusivity

We study an environment where a duopoly develops innovations that build on one another. The quality of innovations is private information, so optimal rewards take the form of rights to produce the resulting products. There is a tradeo between encouraging one rm to work on its innovations by granting it promised rights, and the fact that those rights deteriorate the rights of its competitors. We study constrained e cient allocations and show that they result in nearpermanent monopolization: eventually one rm is promised nearly everything, and the competitor is almost completely ignored. This occurs because backloading rewards is an e cient incentive device. We interpret our results in three ways. First, if one thinks of our allocations as o ering policy guidance, then protection is state-dependent as in [1], generating heterogeneity in patent protection in the absence of heterogeneity in innovation opportunities. We show how this protection can be simply implemented by allowing rms to buy additional protection. Second, if the rms are able to contract ex ante, our allocations can be interpreted as a patent pooling arrangement between the rms, where one rm comes to dominate pool membership. Finally, one can interpret the optimal evolution of the duopoly as competition for the market, where static competition is not the key form ∗We thank participants at numerous seminars and conferences for helpful comments. This paper was previously titled Optimal Patent Policy with Recurrent Innovators. †UCLA. ‡University of Toronto.
Translating testimonial claims into evidence for category-based induction

Inductive generalizations about the properties of kinds are based on evidence. But evidence can come either from our observations, or from the testimony of knowledgeable informants. The current study explores how we combine information from these two sources to make inductive inferences. Participants learned about a novel object category, and observed the property occur with some frequency in a sample of category members. Different groups of participants also heard an informant making either Generic, Quantified, or Specific claims about the prevalence of the property. Participants who heard generic claims were more resistant to a straightforward use of statistical evidence in their generalizations. Moreover, participants who rated the informant as more knowledgeable (across conditions) gave higher prevalence estimates. The results suggest two pathways through which testimony translates into evidence for category learning, and raise questions on how to best combine evidence from these different sources into a common representational form.
Folding Properties in Off-Lattice Protein Models

The thermodynamic behavior of an oo-lattice model for protein folding is probed in two and three dimensions. The model has only two types of residues, hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Our ability to map out the thermodynamics of the oo-lattice models relies heavily upon the eeciency of the simulated tempering algorithm. In this approach, the temperature is a uctuating variable, enabling the crossing of free energy barriers. In absence of local interactions, native structure formation does not occur in 3D. By including sequence independent local interactions, which qualitatively reproduce local properties of real proteins, the dominance of a native state for many sequences is observed. As in lattice model approaches, folding takes place by gradual compactiication, followed by a sequence dependent folding transition. In contrast to earlier studies using lattice models, our results convincingly demonstrate that one does not need more than two types of residues to generate sequences with good thermodynamic folding properties in 3D. A statistical analysis of hydrophobicity patterns is performed. Deviations from randomness are found for real proteins. The same type of deviations from randomness are found for good-folding sequences in 2D. An interpretation of the deviations is given in terms of an Ising model.