Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The social identity of hospital consultants as managers.

PURPOSE This paper aims to explore hospital consultants' social identification, in terms of perceptions of their position in society, the salient targets for their social identification and how this appears to influence their perceptions of management activities and change. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH A purposeful sample of 15 hospital consultants from a wide range of specialities and work locations in Ireland were recruited. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were undertaken and thematic analysis was used to interpret the interview data. FINDINGS The paper finds that all interviewees perceived public attitudes towards hospital consultants, as a group, to be negative. Twelve interviewees derived most sense of belonging from group membership within their immediate work area. These groups seemed to represent sources of validation and esteem and enabled consultants to exercise control over their work. Many consultants, however, described a sense of detachment from their employing health boards. Management, as a salient target for social group identification, was perceived as associated with powerlessness and lack of respect. Interviewees generally viewed involvement in management with little enthusiasm and considerable caution. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This paper shows that management approaches to hospital consultants could benefit from awareness that their social identity may already be under threat. Assaults on core professional values in the communication surrounding change are likely to provoke resistance. Existing work groups, with which consultants identify, could serve as a less threatening means to engage them with issues of cost and quality than externally imposed structures. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This paper informs ways in which hospital consultants could be more successfully involved in health service management.
Analysis of the Arabidopsis MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING Gene Family: MAF2 Prevents Vernalization by Short Periods of Cold Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.009506. Online version contains Web-only data.

The Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) gene is a key floral repressor in the maintenance of a vernalization response. In vernalization-sensitive genetic backgrounds, FLC levels are high, and they decline after exposure to long cold periods. Four FLC paralogs (MAF2 [MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING2] to MAF5) are arranged in a tandem array on the bottom of Arabidopsis chromosome V. We used a reverse genetics approach to analyze their functions. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies indicate that MAF2 acts as a floral repressor. In particular, maf2 mutant plants display a pronounced vernalization response when subjected to relatively short cold periods, which are insufficient to elicit a strong flowering response in the wild type, despite producing a large reduction in FLC levels. MAF2 expression is less sensitive to vernalization than that of FLC, and its repressor activity is exerted independently or downstream of FLC transcription. Thus, MAF2 can prevent premature vernalization in response to brief cold spells. Overexpression of MAF3 or MAF4 produces alterations in flowering time that suggest that these genes also act as floral repressors and might contribute to the maintenance of a vernalization requirement. However, the final gene in the cluster, MAF5, is upregulated by vernalization. Therefore, MAF5 could play an opposite role to FLC in the vernalization response.
Autoimmune Response as a Mechanism for a Dobzhansky-Muller-Type Incompatibility Syndrome in Plants

Epistatic interactions between genes are a major factor in evolution. Hybrid necrosis is an example of a deleterious phenotype caused by epistatic interactions that is observed in many intra- and interspecific plant hybrids. A large number of hybrid necrosis cases share phenotypic similarities, suggesting a common underlying mechanism across a wide range of plant species. Here, we report that approximately 2% of intraspecific crosses in Arabidopsis thaliana yield F1 progeny that express necrosis when grown under conditions typical of their natural habitats. We show that several independent cases result from epistatic interactions that trigger autoimmune-like responses. In at least one case, an allele of an NB-LRR disease resistance gene homolog is both necessary and sufficient for the induction of hybrid necrosis, when combined with a specific allele at a second locus. The A. thaliana cases provide insights into the molecular causes of hybrid necrosis, and serve as a model for further investigation of intra- and interspecific incompatibilities caused by a simple epistatic interaction. Moreover, our finding that plant immune-system genes are involved in hybrid necrosis suggests that selective pressures related to host–pathogen conflict might cause the evolution of gene flow barriers in plants.
Breeding blueberries for a changing global environment: a review

Today, blueberries are recognized worldwide as one of the foremost health foods, becoming one of the crops with the highest productive and commercial projections. Over the last 100 years, the geographical area where highbush blueberries are grown has extended dramatically into hotter and drier environments. The expansion of highbush blueberry growing into warmer regions will be challenged in the future by increases in average global temperature and extreme fluctuations in temperature and rainfall patterns. Considerable genetic variability exists within the blueberry gene pool that breeders can use to meet these challenges, but traditional selection techniques can be slow and inefficient and the precise adaptations of genotypes often remain hidden. Marker assisted breeding (MAB) and phenomics could aid greatly in identifying those individuals carrying adventitious traits, increasing selection efficiency and shortening the rate of cultivar release. While phenomics have begun to be used in the breeding of grain crops in the last 10 years, their use in fruit breeding programs it is almost non-existent.
Investigation of Smoothness-Increasing Accuracy-Conserving Filters for Improving Streamline Integration through Discontinuous Fields

Streamline integration of fields produced by computational fluid mechanics simulations is a commonly used tool for the investigation and analysis of fluid flow phenomena. Integration is often accomplished through the application of ordinary differential equation (ODE) integrators-integrators whose error characteristics are predicated on the smoothness of the field through which the streamline is being integrated, which is not available at the interelement level of finite volume and finite element data. Adaptive error control techniques are often used to ameliorate the challenge posed by interelement discontinuities. As the root of the difficulties is the discontinuous nature of the data, we present a complementary approach of applying smoothness-increasing accuracy-conserving filters to the data prior to streamline integration. We investigate whether such an approach applied to uniform quadrilateral discontinuous Galerkin (high-order finite volume) data can be used to augment current adaptive error control approaches. We discuss and demonstrate through a numerical example the computational trade-offs exhibited when one applies such a strategy.
Mobile IP and Ad Hoc Networks: An Integration and Implementation Experience

Mobile IP has been widely accepted as a standard to support IP mobility in a wireless Internet environment to keep a session connected when a mobile host roams from subnet to subnet. Another emerging wireless network architecture that is gaining more and more popularity is the mobile ad hoc network (MANET) , which can be flexibly deployed in almost any environment without the need of infrastructure base stations. In order to move to an all-IP environment, there seems to be a growing demand to integrate these two architectures together. Typically, mobile hosts are served by access points that can connect to them directly (in one hop). In this paper, we propose to extend access points to multiple MANETs, each as a subnet of the Internet, and discuss how to support Mobile IP in such environment. Such integration is beneficial to both societies. From Mobile IP’s prospective, Forei gn Agents’ service areas are not limited to hosts within a single (wireless) hop any more. From MANET’s prospective, mobile hosts can immediately enjoy tremendous services already existing on the Internet through Mobile IP. This article reports our integration and implementation experience based on IEEE 802.11b wireless LANs. Issues such as overlapping of MANETs, dynamic adjustment of mobile agents’ service coverages, support of local broadcast and various communication scenarios are addressed. Discussion also covers required adjustments of Mobile IP to support such architecture.
Recommendations of generic names in Diaporthales competing for protection or use

In advancing to one name for fungi, this paper treats generic names competing for use in the order Diaporthales (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes) and makes a recommendation for the use or protection of one generic name among synonymous names that may be either sexually or asexually typified. A table is presented that summarizes these recommendations. Among the genera most commonly encountered in this order, Cytospora is recommended over Valsa and Diaporthe over Phomopsis. New combinations are introduced for the oldest epithet of important species in the recommended genus. These include Amphiporthe tiliae, Coryneum lanciforme, Cytospora brevispora, C. ceratosperma, C. cinereostroma, C. eugeniae, C. fallax, C. myrtagena, Diaporthe amaranthophila, D. annonacearum, D. bougainvilleicola, D. caricae-papayae, D. cocoina, D. cucurbitae, D. juniperivora, D. leptostromiformis, D. pterophila, D. theae, D. vitimegaspora, Mastigosporella georgiana, Pilidiella angustispora, P. calamicola, P. pseudogranati, P. stromatica, and P. terminaliae.
Self-Reconfiguration Property of a Mixed Signal Controller for Improving Power Quality Compensation During Light Loading

This paper proposes a FPAA-FPGA/DSP-based mixed signal controller that achieves superior performance when compared with conventional digital controllers in power quality compensation. This includes adaptive signal conditioning and programmability on-the-fly, higher flexibility, parallel computation capability, and easy implementation. In practical applications, the power quality compensator may suffer from poor compensation performance, particularly during light loading. The adaptive signal gain and programmable on-the-fly functions of the mixed signal controller are intended to improve the system compensation performance, which cannot be achieved by using conventional digital controllers alone. In this study, an approximate total harmonic distortion (ATHD) is proposed to determine the total harmonic distortion value more quickly, reducing the evaluation time of the power quality compensation system performance. With hysteresis pulse width modulations, when the hysteresis error margin is designed, the ATHD can be determined instantaneously. Finally, representative simulation and experimental results of a three-phase four-wire center-split hybrid active power filter are presented. These verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed mixed signal controller in improving current quality compensation performance during light load conditions, compared with a conventional digital controller.
Stigma Beliefs of Asian Americans with Depression in an Internet Sample

Objective: To study the beliefs of Asian Americans with depression about stigma associated with depression treatment among friends, employers, and family. Method: Participants completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) anonymously on the Internet. In this cross-sectional design, those who screened positive for depression were asked questions regarding stigma (n = 68 656). We used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare Asian Americans with whites and also to make comparisons by age and sex. Further, we stratified for Asian Americans and used ANOVA and ANCOVA to compare age and sex. We used linear regression to assess how stigma beliefs were associated with self-reported need for depression treatment. Results: Asian Americans overall had greater stigma beliefs than did whites for all 3 stigma outcomes (P < 0.001), especially those related to family. Although this same pattern existed for subjects aged between 16 and 29 years and between 30 and 45 years (P < 0.001), among those aged under 16 years, this existed for family stigma (P < 0.001) but not for friends or employer stigma. In our stratified analyses among Asian Americans, male participants had greater stigma beliefs than did female participants for friends (P < 0.001) and employer (P < 0.05) but not for family. Conclusions: The pattern of Asian Americans having greater stigma levels than whites may be changing among younger Asian Americans because of acculturation. Also, among Asian Americans, unlike previous research showing no sex differences for stigma, we show that male participants had greater stigma levels than did female participants. Future directions should include measuring stigma after culture-specific interventions.
Development and Validation of a Scale Assessing Mental Health Clinicians' Experiences of Associative Stigma.

OBJECTIVE Mental health professionals who work with people with serious mental illnesses are believed to experience associative stigma. Evidence suggests that associative stigma could play an important role in the erosion of empathy among professionals; however, no validated measure of the construct currently exists. This study examined the convergent and discriminant validity and factor structure of a new scale assessing the associative stigma experiences of clinicians working with people with serious mental illnesses. METHODS A total of 473 clinicians were recruited from professional associations in the United States and participated in an online study. Participants completed the Clinician Associative Stigma Scale (CASS) and measures of burnout, quality of care, expectations about recovery, and self-efficacy. RESULTS Associative stigma experiences were commonly endorsed; eight items on the 18-item scale were endorsed as being experienced "sometimes" or "often" by over 50% of the sample. The new measure demonstrated a logical four-factor structure: "negative stereotypes about professional effectiveness," "discomfort with disclosure," "negative stereotypes about people with mental illness," and "stereotypes about professionals' mental health. " The measure had good internal consistency. It was significantly related to measures of burnout and quality of care, but it was not related to measures of self-efficacy or expectations about recovery. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the CASS is internally consistent and shows evidence of convergent validity and that associative stigma is commonly experienced by mental health professionals who work with people with serious mental illnesses.
Floating-Point Butterfly Architecture Based on Binary Signed-Digit Representation

Fast Fourier transform (FFT) coprocessor, having a significant impact on the performance of communication systems, has been a hot topic of research for many years. The FFT function consists of consecutive multiply add operations over complex numbers, dubbed as butterfly units. Applying floating-point (FP) arithmetic to FFT architectures, specifically butterfly units, has become more popular recently. It offloads compute-intensive tasks from general-purpose processors by dismissing FP concerns (e.g., scaling and overflow/underflow). However, the major downside of FP butterfly is its slowness in comparison with its fixed-point counterpart. This reveals the incentive to develop a high-speed FP butterfly architecture to mitigate FP slowness. This brief proposes a fast FP butterfly unit using a devised FP fused-dot-product-add (FDPA) unit, to compute AB ± CD ± E, based on binary-signed-digit (BSD) representation. The FP three-operand BSD adder and the FP BSD constant multiplier are the constituents of the proposed FDPA unit. A carry-limited BSD adder is proposed and used in the three-operand adder and the parallel BSD multiplier so as to improve the speed of the FDPA unit. Moreover, modified Booth encoding is used to accelerate the BSD multiplier. The synthesis results show that the proposed FP butterfly architecture is much faster than previous counterparts but at the cost of more area.
The elusive concept of the symptom cluster.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To provide an integration and synthesis of literature on the definition and importance of the symptom cluster, theoretical frameworks to explain it, analysis strategies to identify it, interventions to alleviate it, and suggestions for future research. DATA SOURCES A literature review from 1995-2007 was conducted using MEDLINE. Clinical guidelines, descriptive research, intervention studies of multiple symptoms, and theoretical and conceptual articles were examined. Articles were reviewed if at least two of the four symptoms of interest were examined in relation to one or more other symptoms. Conceptual models were included if they explained or allowed for the notion of a symptom cluster. DATA SYNTHESIS Four symptoms were examined as a candidate symptom cluster for this analysis: fatigue, insomnia, pain, and depression. Symptom clusters were identified by expert opinion, group comparisons, shared variance among symptoms (including factor analysis and mediation analysis), identification of subgroups, influence of symptoms on patient outcomes, or the identification of a common underlying mechanism. Regardless of the method chosen for identifying a symptom cluster, the substantial evidence showed that various combinations of the target symptoms formed a symptom cluster. CONCLUSIONS Although the findings suggest that fatigue, insomnia, pain, and depression constitute a viable cluster for further study, more research is needed to define the cluster and describe its underlying mechanisms. Addressing multiple symptoms is beneficial in reducing negative patient outcomes; however, more work needs to be done to understand the efficacy of intervention for symptom clusters. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING When conducting symptom assessment, healthcare providers should address the four symptoms (fatigue, insomnia, pain, and depression) targeted in this review because evidence of clustering exists. Guidelines provided by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network for fatigue and distress provide algorithms and decision trees for assessment and management.
Local properties of self-dual harmonic 2-forms on a 4-manifold

Abstract We prove a Moser-type theorem for self-dual harmonic 2-forms on closed 4-manifolds, and use it to classify local forms on neighborhoods of singular circles on which the 2-form vanishes. Removing neighborhoods of the circles, we obtain a symplectic manifold with contact boundary—we show that the contact form on each S1 × S2, after a slight modification, must be one of two possibilities.
Partial Cystectomy after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Contemporary Experience

Objective. To report our contemporary experience with partial cystectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients and Methods. Retrospective review of patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and partial cystectomy for urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 1995 to 2013. Log-rank test and Cox regression models were used to analyze variables possibly associated with recurrence-free, advanced recurrence-free (free from recurrence beyond salvage with intravesical therapy or radical cystectomy), and overall survival. Results. All 36 patients had a solitary tumor <5 cm in size. Twenty-one patients (58%) achieved cT0 following neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 7 (33%) having residual disease at PC. At last follow-up, 19 (53%) patients had recurrence, 15 (42%) had advanced recurrence, 10 (28%) died of disease, and 22 (61%) maintained an intact bladder. Median follow-up of those who were with no evidence of disease was 17 months. On univariable analysis, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy positive nodes on imaging and positive surgical margin at partial cystectomy were both associated with worse recurrence-free, advanced recurrence-free, and overall survival. Five-year recurrence-free, advanced recurrence-free, and overall survival were 28%, 51%, and 63%, respectively. Conclusion. Partial cystectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy provides acceptable oncologic outcomes in highly selected patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Non‐ulcer dyspepsia: myths and realities

Dyspepsia can be defined as the presence of upper abdominal pain or discomfort; other symptoms referable to the proximal gastrointestinal tract, such as nausea, early satiety, and bloating, may also be present. Symptoms may or may not be meal related. To be termed chronic, dyspepsia should have been present for three months or longer. Over half the patients who present with chronic dyspepsia have no evidence of peptic ulceration, other focal lesions, or systemic disease and are diagnosed as having non‐ulcer (or functional) dyspepsia. Non‐ulcer dyspepsia is a heterogeneous syndrome. It has been proposed that this entity can be subdivided into a number of symptomatic clusters or groupings that suggest possible underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. These groupings include ulcer‐like dyspepsia (typical symptoms of peptic ulcer are present), dysmotility (stasis)‐like dyspepsia (symptoms include nausea, early satiety, bloating, and belching that suggest gastric stasis or small intestinal dysmotility), and reflux‐like dyspepsia (heartburn or acid regurgitation accompanies upper abdominal pain or discomfort).
Slower Lower Limb Blood Pooling Increases Orthostatic Tolerance in Women with Vasovagal Syncope

Background and Aim: Slower lower limb blood pooling and associated blunted sympathetic activation has been detected in healthy women prone to orthostatic syncope. Whether these findings are true also for patients with vasovagal syncope (VVS) is unknown. The aim was to investigate initial blood pooling time (poolingtime, time to 50% of total blood pooling) together with hemodynamic responses and orthostatic tolerance during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in VVS and healthy controls. Methods and Results: Fourteen VVS women (25.7 ± 1.3 years) and 15 healthy women (22.8 ± 0.8 years) were subjected to single-step and graded LBNP to pre-syncope. Lower limb blood pooling (ml · 100 ml−1), poolingtime (s), hemodynamic responses and LBNP-tolerance were evaluated. LBNP induced comparable lower limb blood pooling in both groups (controls, 3.1 ± 0.3; VVS, 2.9 ± 0.3 ml · 100 ml−1, P = 0.70). In controls, shorter poolingtime correlated to higher LBNP-tolerance (r = –0.550, P < 0.05) as well as better maintained stroke volume (r = –0.698, P < 0.01) and cardiac output (r = –0.563, P < 0.05). In contrast, shorter poolingtime correlated to lower LBNP-tolerance in VVS (r = 0.821, P < 0.001) and larger decline in stroke volume (r = 0.611, P < 0.05). Furthermore, in controls, shorter poolingtime correlated to baroreflex-mediated hemodynamic changes during LBNP, e.g., increased vasoconstriction (P < 0.001). In VVS, poolingtime was not correlated with LBNP-induced baroreceptor unloading, but rather highly correlated to resting calf blood flow (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Shorter poolingtime seems to elicit greater sympathetic activation with a concomitant higher orthostatic tolerance in healthy women. The contrasting findings in VVS indicate a deteriorated vascular sympathetic control suggesting well-defined differences already in the initial responses during orthostatic stress.