Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
n-Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Inducing Expression of Lymphoid Enhancer Factor 1

Environmental hormones play important roles in regulating the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, drug resistance, and breast cancer risk; however, their precise role in human breast cancer cells during cancer progression remains unclear. To elucidate the effect of the most widely used industrial phthalate, n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), on cancer progression, we evaluated the results of BBP treatment using a whole human genome cDNA microarray and MetaCore software and selected candidate genes whose expression was changed by more than ten-fold by BBP compared with controls to analyze the signaling pathways in human breast cancer initiating cells (R2d). A total of 473 genes were upregulated, and 468 were downregulated. Most of these genes are involved in proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis signaling. BBP induced the viability, invasion and migration, and tube formation in vitro, and Matrigel plug angiogenesis in vivo of R2d and MCF-7. Furthermore, the viability and invasion and migration of these cell lines following BBP treatment was reduced by transfection with a small interfering RNA targeting the mRNA for lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1; notably, the altered expression of this gene consistently differentiated tumors expressing genes involved in proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular impact of the environmental hormone BBP and suggest possible strategies for preventing and treating human breast cancer.
Support for managing design-time decisions

The desirability of maintaining multiple stakeholders' interests during the software design process argues for leaving choices undecided as long as possible. Yet, any form of underspecification, either missing information or undecided choices, must be resolved before automated analysis tools can be used. This paper demonstrates how constraint satisfaction problem solution techniques (CSTs) can be used to automatically reduce the space of choices for ambiguities by incorporating the local effects of constraints, ultimately with more global consequences. As constraints typical of those encountered during the software design process, we use UML consistency and well-formedness rules. It is somewhat surprising that CSTs are suitable for the software modeling domain since the constraints may relate many ambiguities during their evaluation, encountering a well-known problem with CSTs called the k-consistency problem. This paper demonstrates that our CST-based approach is computationally scalable and effective-as evidenced by empirical experiments based on dozens of industrial models
Social influence in groups: A comparative application of relational framing theory and the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion

Normative influence, as opposed to informational influence, in groups often diminishes decision-making outcomes. Despite the important effect of social influence on group performance, prior research on social influence in groups has largely focused on variable analytic conditions that affect influence, instead of on theoretical explanations of the use of social influence. This paper addressed that limitation by applying Relational Framing Theory (Dillard, Solomon, & Samp, 1996) and the Elaboration Likelihood Model (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986) to social influence in groups. A 3 (group interaction goal: task, group, control)×2 (involvement: high or control) factorial design experiment was conducted to test the applicability of these two theories. Results demonstrated that neither theory predicted the occurrence of normative and informational statements in discussion. Additional tests, however, showed greater general support for Relational Framing Theory.
Dermoscopic evaluation of nodular melanoma.

IMPORTANCE Nodular melanoma (NM) is a rapidly progressing potentially lethal skin tumor for which early diagnosis is critical. OBJECTIVE To determine the dermoscopy features of NM. DESIGN Eighty-three cases of NM, 134 of invasive non-NM, 115 of nodular benign melanocytic tumors, and 135 of nodular nonmelanocytic tumors were scored for dermoscopy features using modified and previously described methods. Lesions were separated into amelanotic/hypomelanotic or pigmented to assess outcomes. SETTING Predominantly hospital-based clinics from 5 continents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratios for features/models for the diagnosis of melanoma. RESULTS Nodular melanoma occurred more frequently as amelanotic/hypomelanotic (37.3%) than did invasive non-NM (7.5%). Pigmented NM had a more frequent (compared with invasive non-NM; in descending order of odds ratio) symmetrical pigmentation pattern (5.8% vs 0.8%), large-diameter vessels, areas of homogeneous blue pigmentation, symmetrical shape, predominant peripheral vessels, blue-white veil, pink color, black color, and milky red/pink areas. Pigmented NM less frequently displayed an atypical broadened network, pigment network or pseudonetwork, multiple blue-gray dots, scarlike depigmentation, irregularly distributed and sized brown dots and globules, tan color, irregularly shaped depigmentation, and irregularly distributed and sized dots and globules of any color. The most important positive correlating features of pigmented NM vs nodular nonmelanoma were peripheral black dots/globules, multiple brown dots, irregular black dots/globules, blue-white veil, homogeneous blue pigmentation, 5 to 6 colors, and black color. A model to classify a lesion as melanocytic gave a high sensitivity (>98.0%) for both nodular pigmented and nonnodular pigmented melanoma but a lower sensitivity for amelanotic/hypomelanotic NM (84%). A method for diagnosing amelanotic/hypomelanotic malignant lesions (including basal cell carcinoma) gave a 93% sensitivity and 70% specificity for NM. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE When a progressively growing, symmetrically patterned melanocytic nodule is identified, NM needs to be excluded.
Cholinergic Control of Nerve Growth Factor in Adult Rats: Evidence from Cortical Cholinergic Deafferentation and Chronic Drug Treatment

Abstract: It is well documented that nerve growth factor (NGF) plays an important role in maintaining functions of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that cholinergic activity controls NGF levels in cholinoceptive neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. To address that question, we used both cholinergic deafferentation of cerebral cortex and hippocampus by cholinergic immunolesion with 192IgG‐saporin and chronic pharmacological treatment of sham‐treated and immunolesioned rats with the cholinergic agonist pilocarpine and the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine. We observed an increase in NGF protein levels in the cortex and hippocampus after cholinergic immunolesions and also after muscarinic receptor blockade by chronic intracerebroventricular scopolamine infusion in sham‐treated rats after 2 weeks. There was no further increase in the accumulation of NGF after scopolamine treatment of immunolesioned rats. Chronic infusion of pilocarpine had no effect on cortical and hippocampal NGF protein levels in sham‐treated rats. In rats with cholinergic immunolesions, however, pilocarpine did prevent the lesion‐induced accumulation of NGF. There was no effect of cholinergic lesion and drug treatment on cortical or hippocampal NGF mRNA levels, consistent with the importance of NGF retrograde transport as opposed to its de novo synthesis. This study provides strong evidence for the hypothesis that there is cholinergic control of cortical and hippocampal NGF protein but not mRNA levels in adult rats.
Diagnosing myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms: laboratory testing strategies to exclude other disorders

Introduction: The 2008 World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms includes the diagnostic category, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN), which encompasses those rare clonal myeloid proliferations that at initial presentation, show overlapping myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic features, making classification as either a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) problematic. There are four main subcategories, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), atypical chronic myeloid leukemia, BCR‐ABL1‐negative (aCML), juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable (MDS/MPN‐U), which also includes the provisional entity, refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts associated with marked thrombocytosis (RARS‐T). Notably, the morphological features typical of MDS/MPNs are not specific and can be seen in other myeloid neoplasms at presentation or as part of disease progression or transformation.
Simplified arc-fault model: the gearing pace model

The paper refers to recently published arc models defining the arc voltage and the arc current. It is generally recognized that the arc-fault impedance is a resistance and the arc current contains harmonics; therefore, the resulting fault impedance has a larger magnitude and a power factor much closer to unity than a short circuit in the bolted-fault circuit. To simplify past approaches of arc modeling, this work suggests considering the arc current as the fundamental harmonic. The arc voltage is modeled as a RMS voltage, Va, across a pure resistance; in this paper, the RMS arc voltage is defined as a function of gap width and bolted-fault current. The arc resistance and phase angle of the arc-fault circuit can be determined when the RMS arc voltage and the bolted-fault circuit impedance values are known. The behavior of the arc current is obtainable as an extension of bolted short-circuit analysis. Like a soldier has to gear the pace if by chance he introduces himself in the marching troupe, so he solves jumping or rubbing the feet, analogously the fault current does the same. With this approach, the behavior of the arc fault can be easily understood and the arc fault parameters such as conduction angle, peak value, and decreasing-to-zero value can be easily evaluated.
Downregulation of Par3 and aPKC function directs cells towards the ICM in the preimplantation mouse embryo

Generation of inside cells that develop into inner cell mass (ICM) and outside cells that develop into trophectoderm is central to the development of the early mouse embryo. Critical to this decision is the development of cell polarity and the associated asymmetric (differentiative) divisions of the 8-cell-stage blastomeres. The underlying molecular mechanisms for these events are not understood. As the Par3/aPKC complex has a role in establishing cellular polarity and division orientation in other systems, we explored its potential function in the developing mouse embryo. We show that both Par3 and aPKC adopt a polarized localization from the 8-cell stage onwards and that manipulating their function re-directs cell positioning and consequently influences cell fate. Injection of dsRNA against Par3 or mRNA for a dominant negative form of aPKC into a random blastomere at the 4-cell stage directs progeny of the injected cell into the inside part of the embryo. This appears to result from both an increased frequency by which such cells undertake differentiative divisions and their decreased probability of retaining outside positions. Thus, the natural spatial allocation of blastomere progeny can be over-ridden by downregulation of Par3 or aPKC, leading to a deceased tendency for them to remain outside and so develop into trophectoderm. In addition, this experimental approach illustrates a powerful means of manipulating gene expression in a specific clonal population of cells in the preimplantation embryo.
Simple magic: Synthesis and in-memory Mapping of logic execution for memristor-aided logic

This paper presents a novel approach for designing and implementing in-memory logic operations. The uniqueness of this work is the development of SIMPLE, a framework that optimizes the execution of an arbitrary logic function, while considering all the constraints involved in performing it within a memristive memory. SIMPLE automatically generates a defined sequence of atomic memristor-aided logic NOR operations, whose implementation can be facilitated efficiently within the memory. Motivated to overcome the memory-CPU bottleneck, this approach designs an optimal solution in terms of performance by exploiting the parallelism of the memristor-aided logic NOR gates. SIMPLE achieves performance speedups of 1.94x compared to a previous work and 1.48x compared to a naïve optimization based on standard synthesis tools.
When Challenging Art Gets Liked: Evidences for a Dual Preference Formation Process for Fluent and Non-Fluent Portraits

Although fluency theory predominates psychological research on human aesthetics, its most severe limitation may be to explain why art that challenges or even violates easy processing can nevertheless be aesthetically rewarding. We discuss long-standing notions on art’s potential to offer mental growth opportunities and to tap into a basic epistemic predisposition that hint at a fluency counteracting aesthetic pleasure mechanism. Based on divergent strands of literature on empirical, evolutionary, and philosophical aesthetics, as well as research on disfluency, we presumed that challenging art requires deliberate reflexive processing at the level of “aboutness” in order to be experientially pleasing. Here, we probed such a cognitive mastering mechanism, achieved by iterative cycles of elaboration, as predicted by our model of aesthetic experiences. For the study, two kinds of portraits were applied, one associable to a high fluency and one to a high stimulation potential (according to results of an extensive rating study). In Experiment 1, we provided a repeated evaluation task, which revealed a distinctive preference effect for challenging portraits that was absent in the visual exposition conditions of a familiarity and a mere exposure task (Experiment 2). In a follow-up task (Experiment 3) this preference effect was observed with a novel and more encompassing pool of portraits, which corroborated its stability and robustness. In an explorative stimulus-transfer task (Experiment 4), we investigated the presumed underlying mechanism by testing whether the observed effect would generalize onto novel portraits of the same artist-specific styles. Results discounted an alternative interpretation of a perceptual adaptation effect and hinted at meaning-driven mental activity. Conjointly, findings for inexperienced viewers were indicative of an elaboration based mastering mechanism that selectively operated for mentally challenging portraits. Moreover, findings were in line with a dual-process view of human preference formation with art. Theoretical implications and boundary conditions are discussed.
Comparing the Neural Correlates of Conscious and Unconscious Conflict Control in a Masked Stroop Priming Task

Although previous studies have suggested that conflict control can occur in the absence of consciousness, the brain mechanisms underlying unconscious and conscious conflict control remain unclear. The current study used a rapid event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging design to collect data from 24 participants while they performed a masked Stroop priming task under both conscious and unconscious conditions. The results revealed that the fronto-parietal conflict network, including medial frontal cortex (MFC), left and right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and posterior parietal cortex (PPC), was activated by both conscious and unconscious Stroop priming, even though in MFC and left DLPFC the activations elicited by unconscious Stroop priming were smaller than conscious Stroop priming. The findings provide evidence for the existence of quantitative differences between the neural substrates of conscious and unconscious conflict control.
Intersection theory on M̄1,4 and elliptic Gromov-Witten invariants

We find a new relation among codimension 2 algebraic cycles in the moduli space M1,4, and use this to calculate the elliptic Gromov-Witten invariants of projective spaces CP and CP. Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik, Gottfried-Claren-Str. 26, D-53225 Bonn, Germany Current address: Department of Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-2730 E-mail address: getzler@math.nwu. edu License or copyright restrictions may apply to redistribution; see https://www.ams. org/journal-terms-of-use
Associated with the Past?

In this article, we test the effect of communist-era legacies on the large and temporally resilient deficit in civic participation in post-communist countries. To do so, we analyze data from 157 surveys conducted between 1990 and 2009 in twenty-four post-communist countries and forty-two non-post-communist countries. The specific hypotheses we test are drawn from a comprehensive theoretical framework of the effects of communist legacies on political behavior in post-communist countries that we have previously developed. Our analysis suggests that three mechanisms were particularly salient in explaining this deficit: first, the demographic profile (including lower religiosity levels) of post-communist countries is less conducive to civic participation than elsewhere. Second, the magnitude of the deficit increases with the number of years an individual spent under communism but the effects were particularly strong for people socialized in the post-totalitarian years and for those who experienced communism in their early formative years (between ages six and seventeen). Finally, we also find that civic participation suffered in countries that experienced weaker economic performance in the post-communist period, though differences in post-communist democratic trajectories had a negligible impact on participation. Taken together, we leave behind a potentially optimistic picture about civic society in post-communist countries, as the evidence we present suggests eventual convergence toward norms in other non post-communist countries.
The HOME Inventory and Family Demographics.

Il s'agit pour les auteurs d'etablir des correspondances entre les scores obtenus au «HOME Inventory» (echelle evaluant les relations parent enfant ainsi que les caracteristiques ecologiques de l'environnement familial) et certaines variables demographiques telles que le sexe, la race, le statut socio-economique, le taux d'habitation et l'ordre de naissance
Fluvoxamine: a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Fluvoxamine is the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor with the largest database in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, a severe, and often chronic, anxiety disorder associated with substantial impairment in functioning. The selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors represent a first-line treatment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. These agents work primarily by blocking the re-uptake of serotonin into the presynaptic nerve terminal, which is believed to be mediated by their effects on the serotonin transport system. In the last two decades, the anti-obsessional effect of fluvoxamine has been tested in several double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-comparison studies, demonstrating its superior efficacy over obsessions and compulsions compared with non-serotonergic antidepressants (i.e., desipramine) and equal efficacy to clomipramine (a tricyclic antidepressant with potent serotonin re-uptake inhibition) and other selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (paroxetine and citalopram). However, compared with clomipramine, the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor fluvoxamine showed fewer side effects and better tolerability. This reflects the poor affinity of this compound for adrenergic, muscarinic, cholinergic or histaminergic receptors.
Adolescent Religiosity and Contraceptive Usage.

Religiosity appears to be an important factor in explaining variations in sexual activity and contraceptive usage among adolescents. While adolescents religious commitment diminishes their propensity to engage in sexual intercourse it is associated with less effective contraceptive usage among those who do become sexually active. The data used in the present analysis were collected as part of an intergenerational panel study of mothers and children in which families were selected by a sample of the July 1961 birth records of 1st 2nd and 4th-born white children in the Detroit metropolitan area. In addition to an initial personal interview with the mothers 5 telephone reinterviews were obtained over an 18-year period. In 1980 a full personal interview was also conducted with the child born in 1961. Results from logistic regression analysis controlling for frequency of recent sexual activity parental socioeconomic status and parental marital stability determined that never-married sexually experienced taeenage girls regularly attending religious services were less likely to have used an effective medical method of contraception than those who were rarely attending religious services. There was a striking difference in exposure to sexual relations among frequent and infrequent church attenders. Of those never-married young women who attended religious services once or more/week 38.8% had had sexual intercourse. In contrast 65.4% of those who went to church less than monthly had experienced sexual relations. Adolescents expressed commitment to religion appears to be related to sexyak exoeruebce Religious affiliation does not appear to play an important role determining sexual ecperience.
Evaluation of Accent Convergence and Divergence in Cooperative and Competitive Intergroup Situations

In this paper a link is made between two different research fields: sociolinguistics and intergroup relations. The experiment presented tests the hypothesis that accent convergence is considered more natural in an intergroup cooperation situation and accent divergence more natural in an intergroup competition situation. Sixty-eight subjects from a Swiss regional ethnolinguistic group participated in four experimental conditions: (1) intergroup cooperation-accent convergence; (2) intergroup cooperation–accent divergence; (3) intergroup competition-accent convergence; (4) intergroup competition–accent divergence. The hypothesis that accent divergence would be evaluated more favourably than accent convergence during intergroup competition was verified. The ingroup member was perceived more favourably during competition when his accent diverged from the outgroup member's than during cooperation when his accent converged toward the accent of the outgroup member.
Low Self-Control, Staged Opportunity, and Subsequent Fraudulent Behavior

Since its conception, A General Theory of Crime has attracted a considerable amount of interest among criminologists. At this particular juncture, the extant research literature has generally been supportive of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s theory. However, opportunity, a critical element of low-self-control theory, remains conspicuously untested. Although some empirical studies have examined this theoretical concept, they have neglected to take into consideration the issue of temporal ordering. The current investigation addressed this oversight by presenting a pool of research participants with an actual and controlled opportunity to commit fraudulent behavior in a natural setting.