Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dating of Archean auriferous quartz vein deposits in the Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada; 40 Ar/ 39 Ar evidence for a 70- to 100-m.y.-time gap between plutonism-metamorphism and mineralization

The Sigma mine at Val d9Or, Quebec, in the Abitibi belt is typical of vein-type gold deposits in Archcan greenstone belts. Although the relative timing of gold mineralization with respect to magmatism, metamorphism, deformation, and hydrothermal events in the mine is well documented, precise isotopic age constraints have, until recently, been lacking. This paper presents the results of a 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating study of the Sigma mine and of the Davidson-Tisdale deposit in the Abitibi belt. In the Sigma mine, dates on metamorphic amphibole indicate that the regional metamorphism, which predates the vein formation, occurred at ca. 2.68 Ga. Muscovite from the gold-bearing quartz veins yields a "plateau" date of 2579 + or - 9 Ma (2Sigma ), whereas biotite from the veins shows disturbed, saddle-shaped, age spectra. The mild disturbance of the biotite is attributed to later diabase dike emplacement, and a 40 Ar/ 39 Ar date on a dike indicates that this event is younger than 2.3 Ga. Thermal effects of the Grenville orogeny (1.2-1.0 Ga) may also be present. A muscovite separate from a gold-bearing quartz vein at the Davidson-Tisdale deposit yields a 2607 + or - 10 Ma (2Sigma ) plateau date. Although the amphibole and muscovite dates at the Sigma mine bracket the gold mineralization event at between ca. 2.68 and 2.58 Ga, a number of tectonothermal histories are possible for this time interval. It is concluded, based on all evidence, that the muscovite plateau dates are the time of vein and gold formation, which thus occurred in the Sigma mine ca. 100 m.y. , and in the Davidson-Tisdale deposit ca. 70 m.y. , after syn- to post-tectonic magmatism and regional metamorphism.
In-vitro antimicrobial activity of selected honeys on clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori.

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium incriminated in gastroduodenal ulcers, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma imposing a major burden on health care systems worldwide. Honeys have been shown to have in vitro activity against microorganisms and suitable for use in ulcers, infected wounds and burns. OBJECTIVE The study was aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial potential of honeys (Manuka™, Capillano®, Eco- and Mountain) at different concentrations (10%v/v, 20%v/v, 50%v/v and 75%v/v) against clinical isolates of H. pylori. METHODS H. pylori was isolated from gastric biopsies of patients with gastroduodenal pathologies following standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates to different honey varieties was determined by the disk diffusion assay. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the most potent honey was determined by the agar dilution method. Data were analysed using the Fisher exact test and statistical significance considered at p<0.05. RESULTS All the four honey varieties exhibited antibacterial activity. The strongest inhibitory activity (82.22%) was demonstrated by Mountain honey at 75%v/v, followed by Capillano® and Manuka™ honeys (75.56%), and Eco-honey (73.36%) at the same concentration. However, no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was noted between the honeys at different concentrations. The MIC and MBC concentrations of Mountain honey were in the range 0.117 - 0. 938ì/mL and 0.366 - 2. 965ìg/mL respectively. The antimicrobial potential of these honeys at different concentrations were highly comparable to clarithromycin, the positive control. CONCLUSION These honeys may contain compounds with therapeutic potential against our local isolates of H. pylori.
Requirement of Smurf-mediated endocytosis of Patched1 in sonic hedgehog signal reception

Cell surface reception of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) must ensure that the graded morphogenic signal is interpreted accordingly in neighboring cells to specify tissue patterns during development. Here, we report endocytic sorting signals for the receptor Patched1 (Ptch1), comprising two ‘PPXY’ motifs, that direct it to degradation in lysosomes. These signals are recognized by two HECT-domain ubiquitin E3 ligases, Smurf1 and Smurf2, which are induced by Shh and become enriched in Caveolin-1 lipid rafts in association with Ptch1. Smurf-mediated endocytic turnover of Ptch1 is essential for its clearance from the primary cilium and pathway activation. Removal of both Smurfs completely abolishes the ability of Shh to sustain the proliferation of postnatal granule cell precursors in the cerebellum. These findings reveal a novel step in the Shh pathway activation as part of the Ptch1 negative feedback loop that precisely controls the signaling output in response to Shh gradient signal. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.02555. 001
Humidification factors from laboratory studies of fresh smoke from biomass fuels

[1] Measurements of smoke aerosol humidification factors were performed in a laboratory for different biomass fuel types and burn conditions. Two nephelometers simultaneously measured dry and humidified light scattering coefficients (bsp(dry) and bsp(RH), respectively), providing the first observations of the temporal evolution of the humidification factor (f(RH) = bsp(RH)/bsp(dry)) for fresh (minutes-old) smoke. Hygroscopic characteristics of the smoke aerosols varied with fuel type and fire conditions, with the mean f(RH) ranging from 1.01 to 1.95 for fresh minutes-old smoke for the relative humidity (RH) range of 70–94%. These f(RH) values exhibited temporal variability, with some fuels alternating from hygroscopic to nonhygroscopic within minutes. Humidograms were also obtained, demonstrating that smoke from different fuels begins to take up water at different RH values. Humidification factors for hour-old smoke ranged from 1.10 to 1.51 for RH > 90%. Finally, light-absorbing carbon mass measured with a multiwavelength aethalometer demonstrated different spectral responses as a function of fuel type. These laboratory experiments demonstrate the complexity of smoke hygroscopicity from young fires and are essential for understanding the radiative effects of biomass burning in the ambient atmosphere.
Ensemble controllability by Lie algebraic methods

We study possibilities to control an ensemble (a parameterized family) of nonlinear control systems by a single parameter-independent control. Proceeding by Lie algebraic methods we establish genericity of exact controllability property for finite ensembles, prove sufficient approximate controllability condition for a model problem in R3 , and provide a variant of Rashevsky−Chow theorem for approximate controllability of control-linear ensembles.
Ultrastructural features of invasion in chick embryo liver metastasis of Yoshida ascites hepatoma.

Establishment of metastatic growth by Yoshida Ascites Hepatoma 7974 in the chick embryo liver has been studied with light and electron microscopy. Tumor cells lie as emboli within the sinusoids for the first 24 hr and then begin to divide and invade the parenchyma by 48 hr after inoculation. At this time, tumor cells are seen to extend pseudopodia beneath the endothelium, which in many instances is disrupted by the advancing tumor. There is a concurrent loss of tight junctions and epithelial organization of the tumor cell islands. By 72 hr after inoculation, tumor cells are well established in the parenchyma, in intimate contact with hepatic cells. The parenchymal cells, however, show no obvious ill effects of this host-parasite interaction.
Anatomical Findings in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty for Idiopathic Femoral Head Osteonecrosis.

BACKGROUND Osteonecrosis of the femoral head has a host of etiologies. However, in 30% of the cases, no underlying etiology is identified and the process is considered "idiopathic. " Our hypothesis was that osseous anatomical abnormalities might be frequently found in patients with femoral head osteonecrosis. METHODS A retrospective, 1:2 matched, case-control study was undertaken to compare ninety patients with idiopathic osteonecrosis who had undergone lower-limb computed tomography (CT) prior to undergoing total hip arthroplasty with 180 control patients matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) who had undergone lower-limb computed tomography scanning at our radiology department for any reason except articular or bone disease. Preoperative CT scans were performed for all patients to evaluate femoral offset, femoral neck-shaft angle, femoral neck version, femoral head diameter, acetabular coverage estimated with use of the lateral center-edge angle, acetabular version, and acetabular diameter. The mean age was forty-five years, 69% of the patients were men, and the mean BMI was 26 kg/m2. RESULTS Anatomical "abnormalities" associated with osteonecrosis were determined to be a femoral neck-shaft angle of <129° (likelihood ratio [LR] = 3.6), femoral neck version of >17° (LR = 3.8), a lateral center-edge angle of <32° (LR = 5.7), and acetabular version of <19° (LR = 1.38). A combination of three of the four anatomical "abnormalities" was found in 73% of the patients with osteonecrosis but only 11% of the control cases (LR = 6). CONCLUSIONS This 1:2 matched, anatomical study suggests that acetabular and femoral anatomical factors, in isolation or combination, can be found in a large percentage of cases of "idiopathic" osteonecrosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, isolated or combined abnormalities of the hip were observed in the group of patients with osteonecrosis. Those elements may help surgeons to understand the process underlying idiopathic osteonecrosis and thus require further investigation.
Low‐wavenumber spectral characteristics of velocity and temperature in the atmospheric surface layer

The structure of atmospheric surface layer turbulence at low wavenumbers was analyzed using 56 Hz triaxial velocity and temperature measurements above a uniform dry lake bed. A key feature of this experiment was the small roughness length of the surface that resulted in a small roughness Reynolds number. Under near-neutral atmospheric stability conditions, a −1 power law was observed in both measured velocity and temperature spectra which is consistent with previously proposed dimensional analysis for rough and smooth turbulent boundary layer flows. The wavenumber at which the −1 power law terminates and the −5/3 power law commences was derived as a function of the Kolmogorov and von Karman constants. Good agreement between the predicted and the measured transition wavenumber from −1 to −5/3 was noted for fully rough-flow conditions. However, this was not the case for other roughness conditions. The similarity theory constants for the neutral case were determined and they compared favorably with other laboratory and field studies. For unstable atmospheric conditions, directional dimensional analysis was used to predict the slopes of the power spectra of temperature and velocity. It was demonstrated that for moderately unstable conditions, the temperature and vertical velocity power spectra exhibited a −1 power law, but the longitudinal velocity exhibited a −2 power law. The agreement between predicted and measured power laws was within experimental errors. Some differences between the constants determined from this experiment and other experiments are also discussed.
Oil and Gas Migration--Chemical and Physical Constraints

Primary migration of oil in aqueous solution is not possible because the composition of dissolved hydrocarbons is vastly different from that of crude oils. Migration of oil solubilized in surfactant micelles is also rejected because of the large amount of surfactant required, and because there has been no demonstration that micelles are formed in source rocks. Migration by oil-droplet expulsion also is not feasible, because of the high interfacial forces of small droplets within fine-grained source rock; in addition, at least 7.5% organic matter by volume would need to be converted to oil to attain 30% oil saturation required for separate-phase flow; even higher oil saturations would be required for "squeezing" oil from pores. It is proposed that oil and gas are generated in, and flow from, source rock in a three-dimensional organic-matter (kerogen) network. Oil or gas flowing in this hydrophobic network would not be subject to interfacial forces until it entered the much larger water-filled pores in the reservoir rock. Oil saturation in the kerogen for oil flow to occur is indicated to be from 4 to 20%. Secondary migration of separate-phase oil and gas should occur by buoyancy, when their saturations attain 20 to 30% along the upper or lower surfaces of the reservoir rock. Oil or gas entering at the lower surface would intermittently cross the rock when the buoyancy head became sufficient. Efficient migration from source to trap could then occur as rivulets along the upper few centimeters in the reservoir rock. The volume of conducting reservoir rock attaining oil or gas saturation during secondary migration should be small, with most of the pores remaining water filled. In contrast, secondary migration of gas or oil in solution would be very inefficient and require large volumes of water. Unless all pores in the reservoir rock attained 20 to 30% gas or oil saturation, separate-phase flow could not occur, and oil and gas would remain locked in the pores and would not form reservoirs in trap positions. Attaining a 30% pore volume (PV) gas or oil saturation would require a flow of about 90 to 200 PV of gas-saturated water, and 15,000 to 200,000 PV of oil-saturated water. Residual gas and oil in cores taken along suspected secondary-migration pathways should show this residual gas or oil saturation, and recovered water should always contain equilibrium concentration of dissolved hydrocarbons, but this has seldom been observed. The proposed mechanisms of primary migration of oil and gas through a kerogen network, and secondary migration by separate-phase buoyant flow do not require the flow of water. Water flow probably disperses water-soluble constituents instead of concentrating them in reservoir traps.
Giant Desiccation Polygons of Great Basin Playas

Several previous investigators have recognized giant polygonal fissure patterns in 6 playas of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province (Great Basin). This paper extends the study to 39 playas in Oregon, Nevada, California, Arizona, and New Mexico, with observations on the physical and mineralogical features of fissured and nonfissured areas. Fissures are often 5 m deep and the polygons may attain a width of 300 m. These giant mud cracks develop in clay playas and are attributed to desiccation phenomena. As dehydration proceeds from the surface downward and penetrates the capillary fringe above the water table, shrinkage occurs, which ultimately results in rupture at depth that extends upward to the surface. The mineral constituents of sediments in both the fissured and nonfissured areas are predominantly clay minerals, carbonates, salines, and analcite, with fine grains of quartz, feldspar, and ferro-magnesian silicates. Fissured playas possess significantly greater quantities of clay and carbonate minerals as compared to nonfissured playas. The clay minerals, carbonates, and analcite are primarily present in <2μ size fraction. This colloidal aggregate is believed to exert a major influence on the physical behavior of the sediments which contain the giant polygons. In particular, the dehydration to an almost dry condition of a clay mass, in which the water content may exceed the mineral content, results in a major loss of volume. The shrinkage leads to rupture with the formation of fissures. The fissures form orthogonal polygons characteristic of volume change in a largely uniform horizontal mass with one surface exposed.
Organizational Capabilities , Strategic Orientation , Strategy Formulation Quality , Strategy Implementation and Organizational Performance in Brazilian Textile Industries

This research analyses how the interaction between strategy capabilities, strategy types, strategy formulation quality and strategy implementation capability affects organizational performance in the Brazilian textiles companies. A conceptual framework was proposed and tested, with data from 211 firms. It was found a support for links between organizational capabilities and strategies types. It was found an inter-relationship between generic strategies, revealing the use of combined strategies by Brazilian textiles companies. It was also found a relationship between strategy implementation capability and strategy formulation quality. It was identified that management capability and market performance have a statistically significant relationship with financial performance.
Aspects épidémiologiques des accidents vasculaires cérébraux (AVC) aux urgences de l'institut de cardiologie d'Abidjan (ICA)

Introduction L'objectif de notre étude était de décrire les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et les Facteurs de Risque cardio-Vasculaires (FRV) des patients admis pour accidents vasculaires cérébraux (AVC) dans un service autre que celui de la neurologie. Méthodes Étude transversale rétrospective sur une période de 2 ans (janv. 2010 et déc. 2011), réalisée aux urgences de l'institut de cardiologie d'Abidjan. Résultats Il s'agissait de 176 adultes avec un âge moyen de 60 ans, une prédominance féminine. Les facteurs de risque majeurs retrouvés étaient l'hypertension artérielle dans 86,4% des cas, le diabète dans 11,4% des cas, le tabagisme dans 2,2% des cas. Les motifs de consultation étaient la perte de connaissance dans 36,4% des cas, l'hémiplégie dans 31,8% des cas, les céphalées dans 17,4% des cas, les vertiges dans 10,9% et les palpitations dans 2,2% des cas. La tension artérielle systolique moyenne était à 174 mmHg, la tension artérielle diastolique moyenne était à 105 mmHg et la pression pulsée moyenne était à 70 mmHg. Les AVC étaient associés à une arythmie complète par fibrillation auriculaire dans 11,4% des cas. Les AVC ischémiques représentaient 84,1%. L’évolution aux urgences a été marquée par un décès dans 17% (30) des cas. Conclusion Les AVC constituent un problème majeur de santé publique. Malgré sa prédominance féminine, ils (AVC) touchaient 44% des hommes dans notre étude lorsqu'on sait qu'en Afrique l'activité sociale repose sur les hommes. Ils restent une pathologie grave par la forte létalité.
Isolation, structural assignment and synthesis of (SE)-2-methyloctyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propenoate from the marine soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi

A new metabolite 1 has been isolated from the marine soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi along with two known diterpenoids 2 and 3 and cholesterol 4. The structure of 1 was determined by means of detailed spectroscopic analysis and unambiguously confirmed to have the S configuration by the synthesis of both enantiomers using 4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone auxiliaries. (S)- and (R)-1, 3 and some of the synthetic intermediates were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against human lung cancer (A549), prostate cancer (DU145), cervical cancer (HeLa) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines in an in vitro bioassay.
A cross-sectional study

The myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is considered the most common musculoskeletal condition. The lumbopelvic pain (LPP) is established as one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders. Nevertheless, previous research has not yet studied the contractibility changes by tensiomyography between myofascial trigger point (MTrP) types and normal tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the tensiomyography, sonoelastography, and pressure pain threshold (PPT) differences between the palpation area of active and latent MTrPs with regards to control points in the lumbar erector spinae muscles of subjects with LPP. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. A convenience sample of 60 points (20 active MTrPs, 20 latent MTrPs, and 20 control points) was registered bilaterally in the lumbar erector spinae muscles from subjects with nonspecific LPP. The palpation order of active MTrPs, latent MTrPs, or control points was randomized for each side. The outcome assessors were blinded to the order or point type. The outcome measurements order for each point was sonoelastography manual strain index, tensiomyography, and PPT, separated by 15 minutes. Five contractile objective parameters were: maximal radial displacement (Dm), contraction time (Tc), sustain time (Ts), delay time (Td), and half-relaxation time (Tr). Tensiomyography parameters did not show any statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between active MTrPs, latent MTrPs, and control points. Nevertheless, PPT and sonoelastography showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between all point types, except for active and latent MTrPs PPT comparison (P= 0.091). Regarding the active MTrPs, a moderate positive correlation was observed between PPT and Dm (P=0.047; tB=0.450). Considering the control points, a moderate positive correlation was shown between sonoelastography and Td (P=0.044; tB= 0.328). The tensiomyography contractile properties did not seem to show differences, while the sonoelastography and mechanosensitivity presented a higher stiffness and a lower PPT, respectively, between the palpation area of active and latent MTrPs with regards to control points in the lumbar erector spinae muscles of subjects with LPP. Considering the correlations, further research is needed regarding the muscle contractile properties modifications under MPS treatments, especially Dm in active MTrPs and Td in normal sites. Abbreviations: Dm = maximal radial displacement, LPP = lumbopelvic pain, MPS = myofascial pain syndrome, MTrP = myofascial trigger point, PPT= pressure pain threshold, Tc= contraction time, Td= delay time, Tr= half-relaxation time, Ts= sustain time.
The Sedimentology of a Braided River

ABSTRACT A straight, four-mile tract of the Donjek River, Yukon, Canada is braided throughout, discharging about 50,000 cfs in flood. The active part of the tract shows upper regime flow in the main channels, and lacks vegetation. Higher, older levels are former river courses, partly or completely vegetated, with continuous flow (principally lower regime) only in the main channels. Comparing channel (width:depth) and topographic indices, the younger surfaces are more strongly dissected because of active channel cutting, whereas channels on older levels are subject to infilling. The sediments vary from clays to coarse gravels; most are poorly sorted. CM plots permit division into three main groups: silt and mud of low energy environments such as abandoned channels, gravel of high energy channel-bar complexes, and a variable intermediate group which fills channels under medium-energy conditions. Seven facies are distinguished on textural, floral, and sedimentary structural characteristics. Facies relations are mostly gradational within channels, commonly fining upwards. They are more complex between channels, and invariably erosional. The origin and directional significance of hierarchical orders of sedimentary structures were studied. Six hundred and sixty measurements of small-scale structures (mostly ripples) show moderate within-bar and between-bar variation, and give a grand vector mean 22 degrees from the river trend. Bisectors of channel directional arcs (maximum and average ranges) approximate the river trend within 5 degrees.