Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does the number of persuasive technology principles used in web-based interventions concerning mental health affect the effectiveness : a meta-analysis

Background: Research has shown that web-based interventions concerning mental health can be effective, although there is a broad range in effect sizes. Why some interventions are more effective than others is not clear. Persuasive technology is one of the aspects which has a positive influence on changing attitude and/or behavior, and can contribute to better outcomes. According to the Persuasive Design Model there are various principles that can be deployed. It is unknown whether the number of principles used in a web-based intervention affect the effectiveness. Another issue in web-based interventions is adherence. Little is known about the relationship of adherence on the effectiveness of web-based interventions. Objective: This study will examine whether there is a relationship between the number of persuasive technology principles used in web-based interventions and the effectiveness. Also the influence of the adherence rate on effectiveness of web-based interventions is investigated. Methods: A within-group (WG) and between-group (BG) meta-analysis were performed and subsequently a subgroup analysis regarding the relationship between the number of persuasive technology principles and effectiveness. The influence of adherence on the effectiveness was examined through a meta-regression analysis. Results: For the WG meta-analysis 40 treatment groups were included. The BG meta-analysis included 19 studies. The mean pooled effect size in the WG meta-analysis was large and significant (Hedges’ g = 0.94), while for the BG meta-analysis this was moderate to large and significant (Hedges’ g = 0.78) in favor of the web-based interventions. With regard to the number of persuasive technology principles the differences between the effect sizes in the subgroups were significant in the WG subgroup analysis for the total number of principles as well as the number of principles in the three categories Primary Task Support, Dialogue Support, and Social Support. In the BG subgroup analyses only the difference in the Primary Task Support was significant. An increase in the total number of principles and Dialogue Support principles yielded larger effect sizes in the WG subgroup analysis, indicating that more principles lead to better outcomes. The number of principles in the Primary Task Support (WG and BG) and Social Support (WG) did not show an upward trend but had varying effect sizes. The association between adherence and effectiveness was not significant. Conclusions: Despite several limitations in this study it can be concluded that the number of persuasive technology principles affects the effectiveness of web-based interventions concerning mental health. An increase in adherence rate does not seem to be associated with larger effect sizes. The findings of this study give direction to future research.
The influence of temperament and character profiles on specialty choice and well-being in medical residents

Background Multiple factors influence the decision to enter a career in medicine and choose a specialty. Previous studies have looked at personality differences in medicine but often were unable to describe the heterogeneity that exists within each specialty. Our study used a person-centered approach to characterize the complex relations between the personality profiles of resident physicians and their choice of specialty. Methods 169 resident physicians at a large Midwestern US training hospital completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Clusters of personality profiles were identified without regard to medical specialty, and then the personality clusters were tested for association with their choice of specialty by co-clustering analysis. Life satisfaction was tested for association with personality traits and medical specialty by linear regression and analysis of variance. Results We identified five clusters of people with distinct personality profiles, and found that these were associated with particular medical specialties Physicians with an “investigative” personality profile often chose pathology or internal medicine, those with a “commanding” personality often chose general surgery, “rescuers” often chose emergency medicine, the “dependable” often chose pediatrics, and the “compassionate” often chose psychiatry. Life satisfaction scores were not enhanced by personality-specialty congruence, but were related strongly to self-directedness regardless of specialty. Conclusions The personality profiles of physicians were strongly associated with their medical specialty choices. Nevertheless, the relationships were complex: physicians with each personality profile went into a variety of medical specialties, and physicians in each medical specialty had variable personality profiles. The plasticity and resilience of physicians were more important for their life satisfaction than was matching personality to the prototype of a particular specialty.
Person/organization job‐fitting and affective commitment to the organization

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine the mediation effect of the psychological contract (PC) on the relationship between person–organization (P‐O) fit, person–job (P‐J) fit and affective commitment to the organization (organizational affective commitment or OAC). Design/methodology/approach – The empirical data for the study were collected using self‐administered questionnaires with 960 participants from 16 large companies in the UAE. Respondents were asked to provide their perceptions of the main concepts used in the study.Findings – The results indicate that P‐O fit and P‐J fit were positively related to the OAC. In addition, the PC was found to be a partial mediator between P‐O fit, P‐J fit and OAC.Research limitations/implications – The findings imply that managers should take into consideration the P‐O fit when selecting new employees.Originality/value – Since little is known about the process by which UAE organizations promote the P‐J fit, P‐O fit or OAC, this article contribute to the liter.
Phasic Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens in Response to Pro-Social 50 kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Rats

Rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) that are thought to serve as situation-dependent affective signals and accomplish important communicative functions. In appetitive situations, rats produce 50 kHz USVs, whereas 22 kHz USVs occur in aversive situations. Reception of 50 kHz USVs induces social approach behavior, while 22 kHz USVs lead to freezing behavior. These opposite behavioral responses are paralleled by distinct brain activation patterns, with 50 kHz USVs, but not 22 kHz USVs, activating neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). The NAcc mediates appetitive behavior and is critically modulated by dopaminergic afferents that are known to encode the value of reward. Therefore, we hypothesized that 50 kHz USVs, but not 22 kHz USVs, elicit NAcc dopamine release. While recording dopamine signaling with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, freely moving rats were exposed to playback of four acoustic stimuli via an ultrasonic speaker in random order: (1) 50 kHz USVs, (2) 22 kHz USVs, (3) time- and amplitude-matched white noise, and (4) background noise. Only presentation of 50 kHz USVs induced phasic dopamine release and elicited approach behavior toward the speaker. Both of these effects, neurochemical and behavioral, were most pronounced during initial playback, but then declined rapidly with subsequent presentations, indicating a close temporal relationship between the two measures. Moreover, the magnitudes of these effects during initial playback were significantly correlated. Collectively, our findings show that NAcc dopamine release encodes pro-social 50 kHz USVs, but not alarming 22 kHz USVs. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that these call types are processed in distinct neuroanatomical regions and establish a functional link between pro-social communicative signals and reward-related neurotransmission.
Interleukin-4 regulates lipid metabolism by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis

Long-term cytokine-mediated inflammation is a risk factor for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our previous studies reveal significant associations between promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin (IL)-4 and T2DM, as well as between SNPs in genes encoding IL-4/IL-4 receptor and high density lipoproteins. Our animal study reveals that IL-4 regulates glucose/lipid metabolism by promoting glucose tolerance and inhibiting lipid deposits. The above results strongly suggest the involvement of IL-4 in energy homeostasis. In the present study, we focus on examining the regulatory mechanism of IL-4 to lipid metabolism. Our results show that IL-4 inhibits adipogenesis by downregulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α. Additionally, IL-4 promotes lipolysis by enhancing the activity and translocation of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) in mature adipocytes, which suggests that IL-4 plays a pro-lipolytic role in lipid metabolism by boosting HSL activity. Our results demonstrate that IL-4 harbors pro-lipolysis capacity by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation as well as by promoting lipolysis in mature adipocytes to decrease lipid deposits. The above findings uncover the novel roles of IL-4 in lipid metabolism and provide new insights into the interactions among cytokine/immune responses, insulin sensitivity, and metabolism.
The evolution of root-zone moisture capacities after deforestation: a step towards hydrological predictions under change?

Abstract. The core component of many hydrological systems, the moisture storage capacity available to vegetation, is impossible to observe directly at the catchment scale and is typically treated as a calibration parameter or obtained from a priori available soil characteristics combined with estimates of rooting depth. Often this parameter is considered to remain constant in time. Using long-term data (30–40 years) from three experimental catchments that underwent significant land cover change, we tested the hypotheses that: (1) the root-zone storage capacity significantly changes after deforestation, (2) changes in the root-zone storage capacity can to a large extent explain post-treatment changes to the hydrological regimes and that (3) a time-dynamic formulation of the root-zone storage can improve the performance of a hydrological model. A recently introduced method to estimate catchment-scale root-zone storage capacities based on climate data (i.e. observed rainfall and an estimate of transpiration) was used to reproduce the temporal evolution of root-zone storage capacity under change. Briefly, the maximum deficit that arises from the difference between cumulative daily precipitation and transpiration can be considered as a proxy for root-zone storage capacity. This value was compared to the value obtained from four different conceptual hydrological models that were calibrated for consecutive 2-year windows. It was found that water-balance-derived root-zone storage capacities were similar to the values obtained from calibration of the hydrological models. A sharp decline in root-zone storage capacity was observed after deforestation, followed by a gradual recovery, for two of the three catchments. Trend analysis suggested hydrological recovery periods between 5 and 13 years after deforestation. In a proof-of-concept analysis, one of the hydrological models was adapted to allow dynamically changing root-zone storage capacities, following the observed changes due to deforestation. Although the overall performance of the modified model did not considerably change, in 51 % of all the evaluated hydrological signatures, considering all three catchments, improvements were observed when adding a time-variant representation of the root-zone storage to the model. In summary, it is shown that root-zone moisture storage capacities can be highly affected by deforestation and climatic influences and that a simple method exclusively based on climate data can not only provide robust, catchment-scale estimates of this critical parameter, but also reflect its time-dynamic behaviour after deforestation.
Learning and Behavior

1. Introduction: Learning to Change. 2. The Study of Learning and Behavior. 3. Pavlovian Conditioning. 4. Pavlovian Applications. 5. Operant Learning: Reinforcement. 6. Reinforcement: Beyond Habit. 7. Schedules of Reinforcement. 8. Operant Learning: Punishment. 9. Operant Applications. 10. Observational Learning. 11. Generalization, Discrimination, and Stimulus Control. 12. Forgetting. 13. The Limits of Learning.
Ranibizumab for High-Risk Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) in monotherapy or associated with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) versus conventional PRP, for high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) without vitreoretinal traction. Procedures: Multicenter randomized trial, with 3 treatment arms: PRP versus IVR alone and PRP + IVR combined treatment. Follow-up was performed at months 3, 6 and 12. Results: Thirty-five subjects were randomized and 32 used for analysis. Complete regression of neovessels elsewhere occurred in 100% (PRP + IVR), 75% (IVR) and 69.2% (PRP) and for neovessels of the disk in 44.4% (PRP + IVR), 37.5% (IVR) and 30.8% (PRP). During the 1-year duration of treatment, there was no need for laser rescue treatment in IVR-treated eyes. Conclusions: This trial suggests that the use of IVR is safe and may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of eyes with high-risk PDR. Message: Ranibizumab appears to have a place in the treatment of PDR.
Dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma: The experience of the Rizzoli Institute

Dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma (DPOS) is a variant of osteosarcoma in which a high‐grade sarcoma coexists with a conventional parosteal osteosarcoma (c‐POS), either at presentation (synchronous type) or at the time of recurrence (metachronous type). Only approximately 60 patients have been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinicopathologic and radiographic features of a relatively large number of patients with DPOS in an attempt to define further the histologic and biologic behavior of this rare entity.
highlighted topics Genome and Hormones: Gender Differences in Physiology Invited Review: Estrogens effects on the brain: multiple sites and molecular mechanisms

and J 2001. —Besides their well-established actions on reproductive functions, estrogens exert a variety of actions on many regions of the nervous system that inﬂuence higher cognitive function, pain mechanisms, ﬁne motor skills, mood, and susceptibility to seizures; they also appear to have neuroprotective actions in relation to stroke damage and Alzhei- mer’s disease. Estrogen actions are now recognized to occur via two different intracellular estrogen receptors, ER- a and ER- b , that reside in the cell nuclei of some nerve cells, as well as by some less well-charac- terized mechanisms. In the hippocampus, such nerve cells are sparse in number and yet appear to exert a powerful inﬂuence on synapse forma- tion by neurons that do not have high levels of nuclear estrogen receptors. However, we also ﬁnd nonnuclear estrogen receptors outside of the cell nuclei in dendrites, presynaptic terminals, and glial cells, where estrogen receptors may couple to second messenger systems to regulate a variety of cellular events and signal to the nuclear via transcriptional regulators such as CREB. Sex differences exist in many of the actions of estrogens in the brain, and the process of sexual differentiation appears to affect many brain regions outside of the traditional brain areas involved in reproductive functions. Finally, the aging brain is responsive to actions of estrogens, which have neuroprotective effects both in vivo and in vitro. However, in an animal model, the actions of estrogens on the hippocampus appear to be somewhat attenuated with age. In the future, estrogen actions over puberty and in pregnancy and lactation should be further explored and should be studied in both the hypothal- amus and the extrahypothalamic regions.
Introducing love: gender, sexuality and power

My dearest Winnie, Your beautiful photo still stands about two feet above my left shoulder as I write this note. I dust it carefully every morning, for to do so gives me the pleasant feeling that I’m caressing you as in the old days. I even touch your nose with mine to recapture the electric current that used to flush through my blood whenever I did so . (Letters to Winnie, in Fatima Meer’s authorised biography of Nelson Mandela, Higher Than Hope, 1988: 339).
A ryanodine receptor-dependent Cai2+ asymmetry at Hensen's node mediates avian lateral identity

In mouse, the establishment of left-right (LR) asymmetry requires intracellular calcium (Cai2+) enrichment on the left of the node. The use of Cai2+ asymmetry by other vertebrates, and its origins and relationship to other laterality effectors are largely unknown. Additionally, the architecture of Hensen's node raises doubts as to whether Cai2+ asymmetry is a broadly conserved mechanism to achieve laterality. We report here that the avian embryo uses a left-side enriched Cai2+ asymmetry across Hensen's node to govern its lateral identity. Elevated Cai2+ was first detected along the anterior node at early HH4, and its emergence and left-side enrichment by HH5 required both ryanodine receptor (RyR) activity and extracellular calcium, implicating calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) as the novel source of the Cai2+. Targeted manipulation of node Cai2+ randomized heart laterality and affected nodal expression. Bifurcation of the Cai2+ field by the emerging prechordal plate may permit the independent regulation of LR Cai2+ levels. To the left of the node, RyR/CICR and H+V-ATPase activity sustained elevated Cai2+. On the right, Cai2+ levels were actively repressed through the activities of H+K+ ATPase and serotonin-dependent signaling, thus identifying a novel mechanism for the known effects of serotonin on laterality. Vitamin A-deficient quail have a high incidence of situs inversus hearts and had a reversed calcium asymmetry. Thus, Cai2+ asymmetry across the node represents a more broadly conserved mechanism for laterality among amniotes than had been previously believed.
Substance Abuse Among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Adolescents

Abstract Recent studies have indicated that substance abuse is a growing problem among youth and that the problem is even greater among gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and questioning youth. The origins of substance abuse in sexual minority teens may be linked with feeling marginalized by society, seeking relief for feelings of depression and isolation, or desiring alleviation of the chronic stress associated with being stigmatized both interpersonally and intrapersonally. Prevention and intervention efforts can be successful in working with sexual minority adolescents in jeopardy of developing substance abuse problems. School-based clubs or groups for sexual minority youth are one effective mode of prevention. School psychologists are uniquely poised to address this problem through education, prevention, and intervention efforts.
Teaching Competency of Secondary School Teachers In Relation To Emotional Intelligence

The study was designed to examine the relationship between teaching competency and emotional intelligence of secondary school teachers. Participants were 100 secondary school teachers who completed the General Teaching Competency Scale (GTCS), and Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS). The findings of the study reveal a significant positive relationship between teachers' teaching competency and their emotional intelligence. But insignificant difference is found between teaching competency as well as between emotional intelligence of secondary school teachers teaching in government and private schools. The study also indicated that teaching competency and emotional intelligence are not influenced by gender.
The abject single: exploring the gendered experience of singleness in Britain

Abstract This paper explores the gendered experience of singleness in Britain through a theoretical and empirical understanding of the abject. Drawing on the writings of Judith Butler, we argue that singleness is culturally pathologised as an abject ‘other’, a liminal state which renders the legitimation of the single subject unintelligible. Through 14 active interviews with British singles, we demonstrate how our participants negotiate their marginal status vis-à-vis the marketplace and the broader society that continue to uphold heterosexual partnership as a normative form of intimacy. Our data uncovers persistent and powerful gender stereotypes of how singles ought to organise their lives and conform both to social, as well as market-driven pressures. We therefore highlight research gaps in the experience of singleness and critique the heteronormative framework that remains dominant, yet concealed, in gender research.
Nosocomial Clustering of NDM-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 340 Strains in Four Patients at a South Korean Tertiary Care Hospital

ABSTRACT In November 2010, NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (NDMKP) was identified for the first time in South Korea from four patients with no history of traveling abroad who stayed for 21 to 205 days in a tertiary care hospital. All were sequence type (ST) 340 and had nearly identical XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. The bla NDM-1-carrying plasmids were in the IncN group, with sizes ranging from 50 to 200 kb. These findings suggest that NDMKP had already been introduced into South Korea before this clustering was found.
Text, Topics, and Turkers: A Consensus Measure for Statistical Topics

Topic modeling is an important tool in social media analysis, allowing researchers to quickly understand large text corpora by investigating the topics underlying them. One of the fundamental problems of topic models lies in how to assess the quality of the topics from the perspective of human interpretability. How well can humans understand the meaning of topics generated by statistical topic modeling algorithms? In this work we advance the study of this question by introducing Topic Consensus: a new measure that calculates the quality of a topic through investigating its consensus with some known topics underlying the data. We view the quality of the topics from three perspectives: 1) topic interpretability, 2) how documents relate to the underlying topics, and 3) how interpretable the topics are when the corpus has an underlying categorization. We provide insights into how well the results of Mechanical Turk match automated methods for calculating topic quality. The probability distribution of the words in the topic best fit the Topic Coherence measure, in terms of both correlation as well as finding the best topics.