Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stereotyping among Hispanics and Anglos

U.S. Navy recruits (Hispanics and Anglos) provided autostereotypes and heterostereotypes of blacks, whites, and several Hispanic ethnic groups, by judging on a ten-point scale how likely it was for each of fifteen traits to be a characteristic of a given stimulus group. All autostereotypes were favorable. The Anglos had a more uniform, though not especially intensive, autostereotype than the Hispanics. The Anglo heterostereotype of Hispanics was generally positive but not uniform. The Hispanic heterostereotype of Anglos was positive and uniform. All groups were ethnocentric, in that they assigned more positive attributes to the auto- than the heterostereotype. On several traits there was convergence of the auto- and heterostereotypes. The data are consistent with the theoretical argument of Campbell (1967) and Triandis and Vassiliou (1967) concerning the way stereotypes emerge.
Women's and Men's Career Referents: How Gender Composition and Comparison Level Shape Career Expectations

This study examines how women’s and men’s career referents, the people they see as having similar careers, affect career expectations. We raise two questions. First, what is the relative effect of the gender composition and comparison level of career referents on such expectations? Second, what happens to career expectations when women and men identify career referents at the same comparison level? Current research suggests that women have lower career expectations than men because they compare themselves with women who hold lower-level positions than the career referents identified by men. Thus, if women and men identify with similar level career referents, their career expectations should be equal. However, this chain of reasoning has not been tested. Using data collected from a large organization, we identify both the specific individuals women and men perceive as having similar careers and these referents’ career levels, defined as their hierarchical level in the firm. The results show that the level of career referents is more important than their gender composition in explaining individuals’ career expectations. In contrast to extant explanations, the results show that even when women identify career referents at the same levels as men, they still exhibit significantly lower career expectations. Drawing on social comparison theory, we speculate this occurs because men’s expectations are bolstered by extreme upward comparisons, whereas women’s expectations are dampened, perhaps because they see high achieving others as representing a less probable goal.
The JAK-STAT pathway and hematopoietic stem cells from the JAK2 V617F perspective

Janus kinases (JAKs) are non-receptor tyrosine kinases essential for activation of signaling mediated by cytokine receptors that lack catalytic activity, including receptors for erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, most interleukins and interferon. Upon hormone binding, JAKs phosphorylate tyrosine residues in the receptor cytoplasmic domains and in JAKs themselves leading to recruitment and activation of downstream signaling proteins such as signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT). The JAK-STAT pathway is important for functional hematopoiesis and several activating mutations in JAK proteins have recently been described as underlying cause of blood disorders. One of the best studied examples is the JAK2 V617F mutant which is found in 95% of polycythemia vera patients and 50% of patients suffering from essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. Much effort has been made to understand how the JAK2 V617F affects hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) renewal and lineage differentiation, since convincing evidence has been provided to support the notion that the mutation is acquired at the HSC level. We discuss several in vivo models that support contrary conclusions with respect to the advantage given to HSCs by JAK2 V617F. Moreover, we provide the current knowledge about STAT5 activation and its link to HSC expansion as well as amplification of the erythroid compartment. Evidence for both JAK2 V617F mutated HSCs exhibiting skewed differentiation potential and for amplification occurring after erythroid commitment has been provided, and we will discuss whether this evidence is relevant for the disease.
More Than Mazel? Luck and Agency in Surviving the Holocaust

The canonical explanation for how Jews survived during the Holocaust involves some form of luck. To explore and deepen an understanding of episodic moments of luck, this article presents and discusses survivor Jerry Rawicki's close calls with death during the Holocaust. The first author examines Jerry's perspective as a survivor and her own perspective as a collaborative witness to his stories, as well as how these stories fit together within the broader literature about luck and survival. She suggests possible consequences of regarding luck as the sole explanation of survival and contends that agency and luck can go hand in hand even under oppressive structural conditions, such as the Holocaust. She concludes by reflecting on why Jerry and she might understand survival differently and on the importance of considering both positions in compassionate collaborative research.
What People Think About the Management of Sex Offenders in the Community

The research on which this article is based examines public attitudes towards the reintegration of sex offenders into the community. Data were gathered using a variety of methods: an online, predominantly qualitative questionnaire, a postal questionnaire, predominantly quantitative, and meetings with community groups, such as residents' associations. The postal questionnaire was sent to employers (for distribution to staff) and mailed to 5,000 households in the north-west of England; a total of 979 people responded to both the online and postal questionnaires. This study is one of the largest surveys in the UK on what people think about the reintegration of sex offenders into the community post-conviction. The research findings indicate that people are not as punitive towards sex offenders as is assumed. However, feelings of insecurity in terms of the way sex offenders are managed in the community were expressed with a belief in the veracity of community notification strategies. Concern was also expressed in relation to how the community reintegration of sex offenders takes place.
Factors affecting the detection and treatment of occlusal caries using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System.

OBJECTIVE To assess the variability in diagnosis and treatment of occlusal caries among dental practitioners in Kuwait using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria. METHODS A representative random sample of 156 dentists were interviewed. After completing a survey that included information about their gender, age, years in practice, place of practice, place of dental education, and specialty, practitioners examined four separately mounted molars (I-IV) for probable occlusal caries according to the ICDAS-II visual criteria. They were then asked to answer a set of questions related to their diagnosis and treatment of each tooth. The teeth were then histologically sectioned, and two independent investigators evaluated the depth of the caries according to Hintze and Wenzel's histologic criteria. RESULTS According to the histologic examination, tooth I and III had caries into enamel, while tooth II and IV had caries into dentin. About 50% of the participants diagnosed teeth with enamel caries as sound. About 60% of the participants correctly diagnosed teeth with caries extending into dentin. A restorative treatment modality was recommended for enamel caries by approximately 50% of the participants and for dentin caries by more than 80% of the participants. Dentists with a specialty in restorative dentistry had a tendency to underdiagnose enamel caries, while general practitioners and other specialists tended to overtreat enamel caries. CONCLUSIONS There was an evident variability in the diagnosis and treatment choices of occlusal caries among dentists working in Kuwait. Among the factors studied, the specialty of the participants was the only factor that had an effect on the participants' diagnosis and treatment of occlusal caries.
Some Conceptual Issues and Problems in the Comparison of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe

In this article it is argued that the conceptualization of anti-immigrant parties has been inadequate. Starting from the non-theoretical concept of anti-immigrant parties, three main concepts are discussed and defined: protest parties, racist parties and extreme-right parties. Each of these concepts has its own emphasis and highlights a specific feature of a political family in statu nascendi. Protest parties are non-revolutionary anti-system parties; racist parties are single-issue parties, while extreme-right parties are revolutionary anti-system parties. The article develops a typology of anti-immigrant parties that runs from the general and diffuse (protest parties) to the specific (racist) and ideologically articulate (extreme right). The concepts are not nested but are overlapping, yet they allow us to differentiate between different types of anti-immigrant parties in Western Europe. Protest parties are primarily a product of political alienation, racist parties arise from misgivings about national immigration policy, while extreme-right parties implicitly or explicitly present a political tradition that reacts against the spirit of international capitalism. Researchers who concentrate on electorates tend to use the concept of protest party, those who study militants tend towards the concept of racist parties while those who analyse party programmes and ideology often use the label extreme right.
Short Packets Over Block-Memoryless Fading Channels: Pilot-Assisted or Noncoherent Transmission?

We present nonasymptotic upper and lower bounds on the maximum coding rate achievable when transmitting short packets over a Rician memoryless block-fading channel for a given requirement on the packet error probability. We focus on the practically relevant scenario in which there is no a priori channel state information available at the transmitter or at the receiver. An upper bound built upon the min–max converse is compared with two lower bounds: the first one relies on a noncoherent transmission strategy in which the fading channel is not estimated explicitly at the receiver and the second one employs pilot-assisted transmission (PAT) followed by maximum-likelihood channel estimation and scaled mismatched nearest-neighbor decoding at the receiver. Our bounds are tight enough to unveil the optimum number of diversity branches that a packet should span so that the energy per bit required to achieve a target packet error probability is minimized, for a given constraint on the code rate and the packet size. Furthermore, the bounds reveal that noncoherent transmission is more energy efficient than PAT, even when the number of pilot symbols and their power is optimized. For example, in Rayleigh fading, for the case when a coded packet of 168 symbols is transmitted using a channel code of rate 0.48-bits/channel use, over a block-fading channel with block size equal to eight symbols, PAT requires an additional 1.2 dB of energy per information bit to achieve a packet error probability of 10−3 compared with a suitably designed noncoherent transmission scheme. Finally, we devise a PAT scheme based on punctured tail-biting quasi-cyclic codes and ordered-statistics decoding, whose performance is close (1-dB gap at 10−3 packet error probability) to the ones predicted by our PAT lower bound. This shows that the PAT lower bound provides useful guidelines on the design of actual PAT schemes.
TransG : A Generative Model for Knowledge Graph Embedding

Recently, knowledge graph embedding, which projects symbolic entities and relations into continuous vector space, has become a new, hot topic in artificial intelligence. This paper addresses a new issue of multiple relation semantics that a relation may have multiple meanings revealed by the entity pairs associated with the corresponding triples, and proposes a novel Gaussian mixture model for embedding, TransG. The new model can discover latent semantics for a relation and leverage a mixture of relation component vectors for embedding a fact triple. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first generative model for knowledge graph embedding, which is able to deal with multiple relation semantics. Extensive experiments show that the proposed model achieves substantial improvements against the state-of-the-art baselines.
Synthesis, characterization and pH-controllable methotrexate release from biocompatible polymer/silica nanocomposite for anticancer drug delivery

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop pH-responsive silica nanoparticles by imidazole-based ionic liquid for controlled release of methotrexate. In this article, we synthesized pH-responsive cationic silica nanoparticles by graft copolymerization of vinyl functionalized silica nanoparticles and methacrylic acid (MAA) monomer. Imidazole-based ionic liquid (Im-IL) was verified by 1HNMR and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The synthesized functionalized silica particles were characterized and confirmed by various technologies including the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the infrared spectroscopy (IR) and the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). SEM results reveal the uniformity in size/shape of silica particles. This nanosystem is modified for targeted delivery of an anticancer agent methotrexate. The nanocomposite-MTX complex was formed at physiological pH (7.4) due to the electrostatic interactions between anionic carboxylic group of MTX molecules and cationic rings in carrier, while, the release of which can be achieved through the cleavage of the nanocomposite-MTX complex by protonation of carboxyl groups in the MTX segment that are sensitive to variations in external pH at weak acidic conditions. FT-IR spectroscopy showed the presence of light interactions between the silicate silanols and the drug. MCF7 cells were incubated with the MTX-free nanocomposite and MTX-loaded nanocomposite at various concentrations for 24, 48 and 72 h, and the data showed that the nanocomposites themselves did not affect the growth of MCF7 cells. Antitumor activity of the MTX-loaded nanocomposites against the cells was kept over the whole experiment process. The results showed that the MTX could be released from the fibers without losing cytotoxicity.
Coming home: Challenges in family reintegration for trafficked women

This article presents challenges in family reintegration for returning Moldovan trafficking victims based on qualitative interviews with 19 victims of trafficking and 31 service providers, looking specifically at points of tension in reuniting with children and spouses. One main source of conflict is when migration expectations are unrealized; another is stressed behaviours of victims when they return. To avoid being stigmatized and blamed for association with prostitution and failed migration, most victims prefer to keep their trafficking a secret. However, this means that families may not understand or appreciate what they are going through in the post-trafficking stage and misinterpret stress, anxiety and trauma symptoms as aggression and hostility. Further, two additional factors – financial problems and stigma – add extra strain on family relationships. In terms of assistance needs, it is crucial to include a perspective on the family situation when working with trafficking victims.
Distinguishing symptom profiles in adolescent ADHD using an objective cognitive test battery

UNLABELLED Currently diagnosis and assessment of ADHD relies on clinical interview and subjective ratings. Standardized objective cognitive tests can provide additional information about ADHD and help distinguish symptom profiles. OBJECTIVE To assess the cognition of adolescent ADHD subtypes using a standardized cognitive test battery. STUDY GROUP Seventy-two ADHD combined subtype, 58 ADHD predominantly inattentive subtype and 130 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. METHODS Cognitive differences between ADHD subtypes were examined according to 1. symptom dimensions (inattentive versus hyperactivity/impulsivity scores) and 2. category (ADHDcom vs. ADHDin). We examined whether cognitive performance would discriminate symptom profiles (from each other and from healthy controls), and whether these profiles could predict test performance. All subjects completed the standardized and fully computerized IntegNeuro test battery using a touch-screen protocol. These tests span the domains of sensori-motor, attention, executive function, language and memory, and have robust construct validity compared to traditional paper-and-pencil tests. The results highlighted the consistency with which performance varied across symptom profiles, irrespective of categorical or dimensional definitions. ADHDcom was primarily distinguished from ADHDin by increased errors and response variability in response inhibition and (to a lesser extent) selective attention tasks. Inattentive symptoms were more likely to predict cognitive performance and there is an indication that despite the same criteria, these symptoms may be more severe in the ADHDcom subtype. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the specificity of cognitive deficits, which differentiate ADHD subtypes in adolescence. This study provides consistent evidence that accuracy and response variability in an executive function (response inhibition) task may best distinguish the common ADHD subtypes.
Intelligibility of Non-Natively Produced Dutch Words: Interaction between Segmental and Suprasegmental Errors

Abstract In the field of second language research many adhere to the idea that prosodic errors are more detrimental to the intelligibility of non-native speakers than segmental errors. The current study reports on a series of experiments testing the influence of stress errors and segmental errors, and a combination of these, on native processing of words produced by intermediate speakers of Dutch as a second language with either Mandarin Chinese or French as mother tongue. The results suggest that both stress and segmental errors influence processing, but suprasegmental errors do not outweigh segmental errors. It seems that a more ‘foreign’ generic pronunciation leads to a greater impact of (supra)segmental errors, suggesting that segmental and prosodic deviations should not be viewed as independent factors in processing non-native speech.
The prognostic significance of p53, p27kip1, p21waf1, HER‐2/neu, and Ki67 proteins expression in gastric cancer: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 121 Arab patients

The variability of prognosis within a pathological stage of gastric cancer (GC) at presentation, underscores the need for specific biological markers to identify subgroups of patients with aggressive course for intensive treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first study from an Arab population reporting on the relationship of p53, p27kip1, p21waf1, HER‐2/neu, and Ki67 expression, and clinicopathological features and their prognostic significance.
Patient report on information given, consultation time and safety in primary care

Objective To analyse the frequency of adverse events to treatment reported by patients in relation to consultation time, attention from their usual doctor and information provided by their doctor about treatment. Design Descriptive study. Patients were invited to respond to a telephone survey. Setting 21 Primary Care health centres in Spain. Participants 15 282 patients attended by GPs or paediatricians (error of 1% for p=q=0.50, α 95%) were selected at random from the total consultations recorded in 1 month. For sampling, quotas were assigned for type of attention, age and sex. In the case of children (under 14 years), the survey was answered by their parents. Main outcome measures Patients' report on frequency of unexpected or adverse reaction to a treatment; whether informed or not about possible complications of the treatment and precautions to take; consultation time; and whether or not patient is usually seen by the same doctor. Results 1557 (17.6%, CI 95% 16.8 to 18.4%) of the adults and 867 (13.7%, 95% CI 12.8 to 14.5%) of the children reported adverse or unexpected reactions to the treatment according to patients' reports. Consultation time (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.5), doctor rotation at the health centre (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.85 to 2.25) and information on treatment precautions (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.53) determine the higher risk of adverse reactions to treatment. Conclusions Planning at health centres should involve the monitoring of mean consultation time and doctor rotation as indirect indicators of safety. Furthermore, protocols related to the information provided to patients should be reviewed.
Programmable Low-Power Multicore Coprocessor Architecture for HEVC/H.265 In-Loop Filtering

The High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) in-loop filtering is designed to reduce coding artifacts caused by image transforms and quantizations. HEVC in-loop filtering is divided to the deblocking filter and the sample adaptive offset filter, and these two filters take about 20% of total decoding time. This paper presents a very low-power (39 mW) programmable coprocessor architecture to HEVC in-loop filtering, targeting especially embedded devices. The solution consists of three identical tiny application specific instruction set processor cores that are able to process 30 Full-HD intra-luma frames/s when the operating frequency is 350 MHz. The cores are fully programmable by C-language, which allows easy software modifications and updates. Although the cores have been designed for in-loop filtering, they are also capable of signal processing tasks that demand high performance. In terms of energy efficiency, the proposed architecture falls clearly between application-specified integrated circuits and conventional embedded processors, and thus forms a new-generation solution for HEVC in-loop filtering.
Threats to validity and reliability in mixed methods accounting research

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the threats to quality in mixed methods accounting research, wherein quantitative and qualitative approaches are combined in data collection, analysis and interpretation. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is framed according to three perspectives. The authors first synthesize the threats to validity and reliability in quantitative and qualitative parts of mixed methods research using the quality standards of each; they then introduce an integrative framework of mixed methods research quality by Teddlie and Tashakkori. Thereafter, they address the specific threats to quality that come to the fore when inferences from the quantitative and qualitative components of the study are combined to form meta-inferences using a legitimation framework by Onwuegbuzie and Johnson. Findings - The authors' analysis not only indicates a wide range of threats to the validity and reliability of mixed methods research in a range of categories, but also clarifies how the three perspectives described in this paper are linked and supplement each other. Research limitations/implications - Methodological research published in English over the last decade is emphasized to create an approach to assess mixed methods accounting research. The frameworks analyzed could still be studied in greater detail. Additional perspectives on the validity and reliability of mixed methods research could also be studied and developed. Practical implications - This paper furthers our understanding of such new developments in methodological research, which may be of great importance to those conducting or evaluating empirical research. Originality/value - Based on a comprehensive synthesis, this paper presents and analyzes theoretical frameworks potentially useful for scholars, students and practitioners. It focuses on both traditional and novel areas of validity and reliability in mixed methods research.