Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Speed Profiles During Training and Competition in Elite Wheelchair Rugby Players.

PURPOSE To investigate the speed profiles of individual training modes in comparison with wheelchair rugby (WCR) competition across player classifications. METHODS Speed profiles of 15 international WCR players were determined using a radio-frequency-based indoor tracking system. Mean and peak speed (m/s), work:rest ratios, and the relative time spent in (%) and number of high-speed activities performed were measured across training sessions (n = 464) and international competition (n = 34). Training was classified into 1 of 4 modes: conditioning (n = 71), skill-based (n = 133), game-related (n = 151), and game-simulation drills (n = 109). Game-simulation drills were further categorized by the structured duration, which were 3-min game clock (n = 44), 8-min game clock (n = 39), and 10-min running clock (n = 26). Players were grouped by their International Wheelchair Rugby Federation classification as either low-point (≤1.5; n = 8) or high-point players (≥2.0; n = 7). RESULTS Conditioning drills were shown to exceed the demands of competition, irrespective of classification (P ≤ .005; effect size [ES] = 0.6-2.0). Skill-based and game-related drills underrepresented the speed profiles of competition (P ≤ .005; ES = 0.5-1.1). Mean speed and work:rest ratios were significantly lower during 3- and 8-min game-simulation drills in relation to competition (P ≤ .039; ES = 0.5-0.7). However, no significant differences were identified between the 10-min running clock and competition. CONCLUSIONS Although game-simulation drills provided the closest representation of competition, the structured duration appeared important since the 10-min running clock increased training specificity. Coaches can therefore modify the desired training response by making subtle changes to the format of game-simulation drills.
Convex Foliated Projective Structures and the Hitchin Component for PSL(4,R)

In this article we give a geometric interpretation of the Hitchin component for PSL(4,R) in the representation variety of a closed oriented surface of higher genus. We show that representations in the Hitchin component are precisely the holonomy representations of properly convex foliated projective structures on the unit tangent bundle of the surface. From this we also deduce a geometric description of the Hitchin component the symplectic group PSp(4,R).
The role of the insulin-like growth factor pathway in ETV6-NTRK3-mediated transformation

Congenital fibrosarcoma (CFS) and cellular congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) are pediatric spindle cell malignancies that are characterized by two specific cytogenetic abnormalities: trisomy of chromosome 11 and a t(12;15)(pl3;q25) rearrangement. The t(12;15) translocation creates a transcriptionally active fusion gene that encodes a chimeric protein, ETV6-NTRK3 (EN). This fusion oncogene transforms NIH3T3 fibroblasts through constitutive activation of the Ras-MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway. In this study we demonstrate that trisomy 11 correlates with high expression of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) in CFS and C M N tumor samples using Northern blotting. We provide evidence that an intact IGF signaling axis is essential for EN-mediated transformation by expression of E N in IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) knockout murine fibroblasts. In the absence of IGF-IR, E N is only partially transforming as measured by colony formation in soft agar. We have investigated the signaling pathways activated by IGF-IR and the E N fusion protein in NIH3T3 and IGF-IR knockout murine fibroblasts (R-cells) and we have found significant overlap and interdependence between these two pathways. Along with constitutive activation of the R a s M A P K pathway, E N transformation is also dependent on constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3' kinase (PI-3K)-Akt survival pathway as demonstrated through the use of the specific PI-3K blocking agents, LY294002 and wortmannin, that revert transformation. The levels of activation of these key transformation pathways are significantly reduced in the absence of IGF-IR. In the presence and absence of IGF-IR, however, E N appears to interact with the major downstream substrate of IGF-IR, the insulin-receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. IRS-1 appears to be a substrate for the kinase domain of E N as it is constitutively
Diagnosis of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis and septic arthritis: 20 years experience at the University Children's Hospital Basel.

OBJECTIVE To review the diagnostic experience with acute haematogenous osteomyelitis (AHOM) and/or septic arthritis at our institution. METHODS Retrospective review of the medical records of those patients with a bacteriologically and/or radiologically confirmed diagnosis, hospitalised in the University Children's Hospital Basel, Switzerland between January 1980 and July 2000. RESULTS 90 patients (61% males), 4 weeks to 14 years of age, met the inclusion criteria. Median duration of disease prior to hospitalisation was 3 days (range 0-14); 88% were admitted during the first week after onset of complaints. 81 patients received no antimicrobial therapy prior to hospitalisation and are the subject of this presentation. ESR (1st hour in mm; median 36; range 11-124), CRP (mg/l; median 64; range 0-221) and WBC (x 10(9)/l; median 13; range 5-34) were elevated in 100%, 82% and 58% of patients, respectively. Blood cultures (BC) and/or tissue cultures (TC) were performed in 79 (98%) patients. Overall, bacteria were isolated from 53 patients (65%) with Staph. aureus as the most frequent organism (n = 31; 50%). BC were performed in 67 patients and yielded 35 (52%) positive cultures; TC (n = 47) yielded 27 (57%) isolates. In 34 patients with both BC and TC performed, only 12 (35%) were positive in both tests. Diagnostic findings were observed in 23 (59%) of 39 plain radiographs, 31 (56%) of 55 sonograms, 39 (89%) of 44 99mTc-labeled bone scans and 4 (100%) of 4 MRI. 41 patients with diagnostic radiological findings had consecutive TC yielding 30 (73%) bacteriological isolates. Median duration of hospitalisation was 15 days (range 2-66). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the diagnostic procedures of choice should be 1) early bone scan or MRI, 2) BC and 3) TC. Of supportive laboratory parameters, ESR and CRP were most valuable in our hands.
"Low-risk" prediction rule for pediatric oncology patients presenting with fever and neutropenia.

PURPOSE To prospectively derive and validate a clinical prediction rule to allow a more tailored approach to the management of pediatric oncology outpatients presenting with fever and neutropenia. PATIENTS AND METHODS The clinical prediction rule was derived over a 1-year period and then validated over the following 8 months in a new set of fever and neutropenia episodes. Patients were excluded if they presented with comorbidity or an abnormal chest x-ray (CXR). RESULTS Significant bacterial infection (SBI; defined as any blood or urine culture positive for bacteria, interstitial or lobar consolidation on CXR, or unexpected death from infection) was documented in 43 of the 227 episodes. Multivariate analysis found four significant factors: bone marrow disease, general appearance unwell on initial examination, monocyte count less than 0.1 x 10(9)/L, and peak oral or oral equivalent temperature greater than 39 degrees C. Only the monocyte count contributed to determining a low-risk group, excluding SBI with 84% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 61% to 100%), 42% specificity (95% CI, 38% to 46%), and a negative predictive value of 92% (95% CI, 76% to 100%). If the monocyte count was >/= 0.1 x 10(9)/L at the time of presentation (low risk), the incidences of SBI and bacteremia were 8% and 5%, respectively, versus 25% and 17% in the high-risk group. When validated in a new population of 136 episodes of fever and neutropenia, the incidences of SBI and bacteremia in the low-risk group were 12% and 5%, respectively, and 25% and 19% in the high-risk group. CONCLUSION Pediatric oncology outpatients with fever and neutropenia who present with an initial monocyte count of >/= 0.1 x 10(9)/L and do not have comorbidity or an abnormal CXR at the time of presentation are at lower risk for SBI and can be considered for less aggressive initial therapy.
The Multiple Immune-Evasion Genes of Murine Cytomegalovirus Are Not Redundant

Both human cytomegaloviruses (HCMVs) and murine cytomegaloviruses (MCMVs) encode multiple genes that interfere with antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, and thus protect infected targets from lysis by virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). HCMV has been shown to encode four such genes and MCMV to encode two. MCMV m152 blocks the export of class I from a pre-Golgi compartment, and MCMV m6 directs class I to the lysosome for degradation. A third MCMV gene, m4, encodes a glycoprotein which is expressed at the cell surface in association with class I. Here we here show that m4 is a CTL-evasion gene which, unlike previously described immune-evasion genes, inhibited CTLs without blocking class I surface expression. m152 was necessary to block antigen presentation to both Kb- and Db-restricted CTL clones, while m4 was necessary to block presentation only to Kb-restricted clones. m152 caused complete retention of Db, but only partial retention of Kb, in a pre-Golgi compartment. Thus, while m152 effectively inhibited Db-restricted CTLs, m4 was required to completely inhibit Kb-restricted CTLs. We propose that cytomegaloviruses encode multiple immune-evasion genes in order to cope with the diversity of class I molecules in outbred host populations.
Geomorphology of Scour Holes at Tidal Channel Confluences

The morphology of scour holes at tidal channel confluences was investigated through high‐resolution acoustic mapping of the channel network in the Venice Lagoon (Italy). Our investigation identified 29 confluence scours ranging in depth from 7 to 26 m and characterized by different confluence geometry and scour properties. Scours were found at the confluence of two or more channels, having equal or unequal bed heights and a diverse confluence planform geometry. The main morphological characteristics of the scours were compared to literature data from fluvial environments. Like in rivers, the scour depth tends to increase with the angle of the confluence. Moreover, the maximum depth of the confluence scours in the Venice Lagoon is positively correlated with the tidal prism of the channels joining the confluence. The investigation of the seafloor features in the scour holes highlighted that, generally, small‐ and medium‐scale bedforms are present on the gentle slope. The scours' seafloor roughness indicated that in tidal channels both ebb and flood flows combine in shaping the confluence morphology. In addition, the analysis of historical bathymetric datasets dating back to the 1800s allowed us to analyze the morphological evolution of two of these erosive features. Our findings revealed the century‐scale morphological dynamics of scour holes, as a consequence of changes in the flow regime.
Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics of the Nklobisson Artificial Lake in Yaounde, Cameroon

The deterioration of water quality in lakes constitutes an environmental problem faced by humanity. The Nkolbisson artificial lake which is located downstream of the Abiergue and Mintotomo streams in Yaounde is under the influence of various forms of pollution, mostly resulting from human activities. There is proliferation of algae on the lake surface that consumes the available oxygen in the lake. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the different forms of pollutants in the lake, in order to propose efficient solutions for a suitable management strategy, basing on the physico-chemical and biological analysis. The lake retains an average of 2535.49 tons/year of suspended solids in the rainy season and 1438.05 tons/year in the dry season. The range of dissolved oxygen (5.2 - 3.8 mg/l); pH (7.8 - 6.8); temperature (23.9°C - 23.1°C); electrical conductivity (266.1 - 87.3 μS/cm); turbidity (22.3 - 10 UNT); suspended solid (240 - 40 mg/l); BOD (55 - 8 mg/l); COD (76 - 87.3 mg/l). Biologically, faecal coliforms fluctuates between (42 × 102 - 425 × 103 FCU/100 ml), faecal streptococci (8 × 103 - 158 × 103 FCU/100 ml) and total Coliform (15 × 103 - 78 × 106 FCU/100 ml) evidence that, the studied lake is highly polluted. Consequently the lake retains an average of 2888.7 tons/year of suspended matter.
Behavior Change Techniques in Physical Activity eHealth Interventions for People With Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of premature death and disability in Europe, accounting for 4 million deaths per year and costing the European Union economy almost €196 billion annually. There is strong evidence to suggest that exercise-based secondary rehabilitation programs can decrease the mortality risk and improve health among patients with CVD. Theory-informed use of behavior change techniques (BCTs) is important in the design of cardiac rehabilitation programs aimed at changing cardiovascular risk factors. Electronic health (eHealth) is the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for health. This emerging area of health care has the ability to enhance self-management of chronic disease by making health care more accessible, affordable, and available to the public. However, evidence-based information on the use of BCTs in eHealth interventions is limited, and particularly so, for individuals living with CVD. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to assess the application of BCTs in eHealth interventions designed to increase physical activity (PA) in CVD populations. Methods A total of 7 electronic databases, including EBSCOhost (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, and CINAHL Complete), Scopus, and Web of Science (Core Collection) were searched. Two authors independently reviewed references using the software package Covidence (Veritas Health Innovation). The reviewers met to resolve any discrepancies, with a third independent reviewer acting as an arbitrator when required. Following this, data were extracted from the papers that met the inclusion criteria. Bias assessment of the studies was carried out using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias within Covidence; this was followed by a narrative synthesis. Results Out of the 987 studies that were identified, 14 were included in the review. An additional 9 studies were added following a hand search of review paper references. The average number of BCTs used across the 23 studies was 7.2 (range 1-19). The top three most frequently used BCTs included information about health consequences (78%, 18/23), goal setting (behavior; 74%, 17/23), and joint third, self-monitoring of behavior and social support (practical) were included in 11 studies (48%, 11/23) each. Conclusions This systematic review is the first to investigate the use of BCTs in PA eHealth interventions specifically designed for people with CVD. This research will have clear implications for health care policy and research by outlining the BCTs used in eHealth interventions for chronic illnesses, in particular CVD, thereby providing clear foundations for further research and developments in the area.
Investigation of 17 candidate genes for personality traits confirms effects of the HTR2A gene on novelty seeking

Genes involved in serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission have been hypothesized to affect different aspects of personality, but findings from genetic association studies did not provide conclusive results so far. In previous studies, however, only one or a few polymorphisms within single genes were investigated neglecting the possibility that the genetic associations might be more complex comprising several genes or gene regions. To overcome this limitation, we performed an extended genetic association study analyzing 17 serotonergic (SLC6A4, HTR1A, HTR1B, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A, HTR6, MAOA, TPH1, TPH2) and dopaminergic genes (SLC6A3, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, COMT, MAOA, TH, DBH), which have been previously reported to be implicated with personality traits.
Slow strain waves in blocky geological media from GPS and seismological observations on the Amurian plate

Abstract. Based on the statistical analysis of spatiotemporal distribution of earthquake epicenters and perennial geodetic observation series, new evidence is obtained for the existence of slow strain waves in the Earth. The results of our investigation allow us to identify the dynamics of seismicity along the northern boundary of the Amurian plate as a wave process. Migration of epicenters of weak earthquakes (2 ≤ M ≤ 4) is initiated by the east–west propagation of a strain wave front at an average velocity of 1000 km yr−1. We have found a synchronous quasi-periodic variation of seismicity in equally spaced clusters with spatial periods of 3.5 and 7.26° comparable with the length of slow strain waves. The geodetic observations at GPS sites in proximity to local active faults show that in a number of cases, the GPS site coordinate seasonal variations exhibit a significant phase shift, whereas the time series of these GPS sites differ significantly from a sinusoid. Based on experimental observation data and the developed model of crustal block movement, we have shown that there is one possible interpretation for this fact that the trajectory of GPS station position disturbance is induced by migration of crustal deformation in the form of slow waves.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CAMEL MILK AS ANTI-DIABETIC SUPPLEMENT: BIOCHEMICAL, MOLECULAR AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY

Background: Diabetes is a serious disease affects human health. Diabetes in advanced stages is accompanied by general weakness and alteration in fats and carbohydrates metabolism. Recently there are some scientific trends about the usage of camel milk (CM) in the treatment of diabetes and its associated alterations. CM contains vital active particles with insulin like action that cure diabetes and its complications but how these effects occur, still unclear. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five adult male rats of the albino type divided into five equal groups. Group 1 served as a negative control (C). Group 2 was supplemented with camel milk (CM). Diabetes was induced in the remaining groups (3, 4 and 5). Group 3 served as positive diabetic control (D). Group 4 served as diabetic and administered metformin (D+MET). Group 5 served as diabetes and supplemented with camel milk (D+CM). Camel milk was supplemented for two consecutive months. Serum glucose, leptin, insulin, liver, kidney, antioxidants, MDA and lipid profiles were assayed. Tissues from liver and adipose tissues were examined using RT-PCR analysis for the changes in mRNA expression of genes of carbohydrates and lipid metabolism. Pancreas and liver were used for immunohistochemical examination using specific antibodies. Results: Camel milk supplementation ameliorated serum biochemical measurements that altered after diabetes induction. CM supplementation up-regulated mRNA expression of IRS-2, PK, and FASN genes, while down-regulated the expression of CPT-1 to control mRNA expression level. CM did not affect the expression of PEPCK gene. On the other hand, metformin failed to reduce the expression of CPT-1 compared to camel milk administered rats. Immunohistochemical findings revealed that CM administration restored the immunostaining reactivity of insulin and GLUT-4 in the pancreas of diabetic rats. Conclusion: CM administration is of medical importance and helps physicians in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Metoclopramide-enhanced analgesia for prostaglandin-induced termination of pregnancy.

We previously determined that a single dose of metoclopramide could significantly reduce the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) morphine requirements of women undergoing prostaglandin-induced termination of pregnancy. In the present study, we evaluated whether repeated doses of metoclopramide would further reduce pain and accelerate expulsion of the fetus. After intraamnionic injection of prostaglandin, patients were randomly allocated to receive either 10 mg of intravenous metoclopramide (n = 17) or saline (n = 15), concurrent with the initiation of PCA. A second, identical dose was administered 4 h later. Data included visual analogue scale scores for pain 45 min after each administration of metoclopramide or saline and visual analogue scale and sedation scores every 2 h for the first 10 h, amount of morphine delivered by PCA pump, time of fetal and placental passage, and hospital discharge. Metoclopramide-treated patients experienced significantly earlier fetal and placental passage (P < 0.05). This was associated with a 66% reduction in PCA morphine received by the time of fetal delivery (P < 0.05). In addition, patients in the metoclopramide group were discharged from the hospital significantly sooner (P < 0.05). This difference included fewer second-day hospital stays (P < 0.05). Visual analogue scale scores measured 45 min after each infusion of the study agent were reduced from baseline in the metoclopramide group only (P < 0.05). No significant intergroup differences were noted with respect to pain or interval morphine usage. We conclude that repeated doses of metoclopramide significantly reduce the duration of induced labor and therefore the total PCA morphine requirements. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An RFID Indoor Positioning Algorithm Based on Bayesian Probability and K-Nearest Neighbor

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used in outdoor environmental positioning. However, GPS cannot support indoor positioning because there is no signal for positioning in an indoor environment. Nowadays, there are many situations which require indoor positioning, such as searching for a book in a library, looking for luggage in an airport, emergence navigation for fire alarms, robot location, etc. Many technologies, such as ultrasonic, sensors, Bluetooth, WiFi, magnetic field, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), etc., are used to perform indoor positioning. Compared with other technologies, RFID used in indoor positioning is more cost and energy efficient. The Traditional RFID indoor positioning algorithm LANDMARC utilizes a Received Signal Strength (RSS) indicator to track objects. However, the RSS value is easily affected by environmental noise and other interference. In this paper, our purpose is to reduce the location fluctuation and error caused by multipath and environmental interference in LANDMARC. We propose a novel indoor positioning algorithm based on Bayesian probability and K-Nearest Neighbor (BKNN). The experimental results show that the Gaussian filter can filter some abnormal RSS values. The proposed BKNN algorithm has the smallest location error compared with the Gaussian-based algorithm, LANDMARC and an improved KNN algorithm. The average error in location estimation is about 15 cm using our method.