Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Two‐Drug Therapy in Intractable Epilepsy

Summary: The effects of reducing two‐drug treatment to single‐drug therapy were studied prospectively in 36 patients with intractable complex partial seizures. In 30 patients (83%) this was possible without an increase in seizure frequency. In six patients (17%) the number of seizures was higher during single‐drug therapy. The slow transfer was not complicated by unwanted withdrawal effects. The plasma concentration of the single drug was raised if necessary until clinical drug toxicity was observed. An improvement in seizure control was surprisingly noted in 13 patients (36%). In two patients seizures were completely controlled. In one patient a seizure reduction of 87% was observed. The number of patients with clinical side effects was similar during two‐drug and single‐drug therapy. The number of side effects was lower during single‐drug therapy. Reduction of polypharmacy may be beneficial for patients with intractable epilepsy.
Effect of intraoperative intravenous acetaminophen vs. intramuscular meperidine on pain and discharge time after paediatric dental restoration

Background and objective: Enteral acetaminophen (paracetamol) has limited analgesic efficacy due to its delayed absorption and sub‐therapeutic plasma concentration. Intravenous (i.v.) acetaminophen solves this issue and could thus provide adequate analgesia as a single agent. We compared intraoperative i.v. acetaminophen with intramuscular (i.m.) meperidine with regard to postoperative analgesia and readiness for discharge in paediatric patients undergoing day care dental restoration. Methods: Forty children were randomized, in this double‐blind study, to receive acetaminophen 15 mg kg−1 i.v. (Group A) or meperidine 1 mg kg−1 i.m. (Group M) after anaesthesia induction and before surgery. All patients received midazolam 0.5 mg kg−1 orally 30 min preoperatively and fentanyl 1 μg kg−1 i.v. immediately after induction. Anaesthesia was induced with either sevoflurane inhalation or propofol 3 mg kg−1 i.v. and was maintained with sevoflurane. Postoperatively, the objective pain scale, Ramsay sedation score, and Aldrete score were determined every 5 min until readiness for recovery room discharge (defined as achieving an Aldrete score of 10). Results: Group A had slightly higher pain scores during early recovery compared with Group M (estimated marginal means: 3 ± SEM 0.4 vs. 2 ± SEM 0.4, respectively (95% CI for difference: 0.4, 2.6), P = 0.012 for F‐test). In contrast, Ramsay scores were higher in Group M than in Group A during assessment period (estimated marginal means: 4 ± SEM 0.3 vs. 2 ± SEM 0.4, respectively (95% CI for difference: −2.3, −0.3), P = 0.013 for F‐test). Group A patients achieved an Aldrete score of 10 sooner than those in Group M (5 ± SEM 2 vs. 16 ± SEM 4 min, respectively (95% CI for difference: −9, −14), P = 0.009). Conclusion: Compared with i.m. meperidine, intraoperative i.v. acetaminophen resulted in slightly higher pain scores but earlier readiness for recovery room discharge in paediatric patients undergoing dental restoration. The potential economic benefit of early recovery room discharge needs to be further explored.
Factors Associated with Participation in Diabetes Education: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to 2009

Background A recent study revealed that the participation rate in diabetes education among diabetic patients was only about 50% in Korea. We investigated the factors associated with participation in diabetes education. Methods The study included 1,255 patients (≥19 years old) diagnosed with diabetes drawn from the total Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to 2009 population comprising 30,705 individuals. We compared age, sex, and age- and sex-adjusted clinical characteristics in patients who had received diabetes education versus those who had not. Results Of the 1,255 patients, 19.8% (n=248) had received diabetes education. Patients in the group who received diabetes education were younger, diagnosed at an earlier age, had a longer diabetes duration and were more likely to be using insulin therapy compared with the group who did not receive diabetes education (P<0.001). The group who received diabetes education included fewer manual workers (P<0.001) but more college graduates (P=0.004) compared with the group who did not receive diabetes education. Logistic regression analysis revealed that longer diabetes duration increased the likelihood of receiving diabetes education (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.06; P=0.004). Junior high school (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.91; P=0.026) and elementary school education levels (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.65; P=0.001) versus college graduation were inversely correlated with participation in diabetes self-management education. Non-insulin therapy reduced the likelihood of receiving diabetes education (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.64; P<0.001). Conclusion Longer diabetes duration, insulin therapy, and higher education level were positively associated with the completion of diabetes education.
DIRECT SPECTRUM OF THE BENCHMARK T DWARF HD 19467 B

HD 19467 B is presently the only directly imaged T dwarf companion known to induce a measurable Doppler acceleration around a solar-type star. We present spectroscopy measurements of this important benchmark object taken with the Project 1640 integral field unit at Palomar Observatory. Our high-contrast R ≈ 30 observations obtained simultaneously across the JH bands confirm the cold nature of the companion as reported from the discovery article and determine its spectral type for the first time. Fitting the measured spectral energy distribution to SpeX/IRTF T dwarf standards and synthetic spectra from BT-Settl atmospheric models, we find that HD 19467 B is a T5.5 ± 1 dwarf with effective temperature K. Our observations reveal significant methane absorption affirming its substellar nature. HD 19467 B shows promise to become the first T dwarf that simultaneously reveals its mass, age, and metallicity independent from the spectrum of light that it emits.
School racial composition and academic achievement: the case of Hmong LEP students in the USA

The existence of the achievement gap is more than just a black–white issue; contrary to stereotypes, it is a concern within Asian homes. Hmong students underachieve in comparison with many East Asian students. Traditional cultural practices and poverty have been identified as explanatory factors. Our data suggest that a more critical factor might be within‐school segregation. Utilising a racial exposure statistic, it was found that the more diverse a school became, the higher the achievement of Hmong limited English proficient (LEP) students. This study provides theoretical explanations for this finding and implications for Hmong student achievement.
Transfer learning for WiFi-based indoor localization

The WiFi-based indoor localization problem (WILP) aims to detect the location of a client device given the signals received from various access points. WILP is a complex and very important task for many AI and ubiquitous computing applications. A major approach to solving this task is through machine learning, where upto-date labeled training data are required in a large scale indoor environment. In this paper, we identify WILP as a transfer learning problem, because the WiFi data are highly dependent on contextual changes. We show that WILP can be modeled as a transfer learning problem for regression modeling, where we identify several important cases of knowledge transfer that range from transferring the localization models over time, across space and across client devices. We also share our working experience in WILP and transfer learning research in a realistic problem solving setting, and discuss a data set we have made public for advancing this research.
The Enchantment of the Charismatic Leader: Charisma Reconsidered as Aesthetic Encounter

This article takes a novel approach to understanding the phenomenon of charisma by viewing it through the frame of the aesthetic category of the sublime. It draws similarities between the account of the sublime as theorized by the Enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant, and the theory of charismatic authority as rendered by Max Weber. The resulting analysis contributes insight into the phenomenon in three ways: it serves to locate the experience of charisma as a relational encounter rather than one situated solely within the leader him or herself, it highlights contextual factors which contribute to the experience of charismatic leadership, and it suggests a new way of distinguishing between generative and degenerative forms of charisma based in its relational quality rather than in outcomes associated it. The article concludes that, interpreted as an expression of the sublime, charismatic leadership functions as a means by which followers are empowered to wake up to their own sense of agency to respond in radical ways during times of crisis.
MYD88 L265P Mutations, But No Other Variants, Identify a Subpopulation of DLBCL Patients of Activated B-cell Origin, Extranodal Involvement, and Poor Outcome

Purpose: Mutations in MYD88 are found in different lymphoproliferative disorders associated with particular biologic characteristics and clinical impact. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of MYD88 mutations and its clinical impact in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Experimental Design: The incidence, clinicobiological features, and outcome of 213 patients (115 M/98 F; median age, 65 years) with DLBCL treated with immunochemotherapy in a single institution according to MYD88 mutational status as assessed by an allele-specific PCR assay were analyzed. The cell of origin (COO) was determined in 129 cases by gene expression. Results: MYD88 mutations were found in 47 cases (22%), including L265P in 39 and S219C and M232F in 4 cases, respectively. Patients with MYD88 L265P were older, presenting frequent extranodal involvement, and mostly corresponded to activated B-cell like (ABC) subtype, whereas no preference in COO was observed in patients with other MYD88 mutations. Five-year overall survival (OS) for MYD88 wild-type, MYD88 L265P, and other variants was 62%, 52%, and 75%, respectively (P = 0.05). International Prognostic Index (IPI) (HR, 2.71; P < 0.001) and MYD88 L265P (HR, 1.786; P = 0.023) were independent variables predicting OS in the multivariate analysis. However, MYD88 L265P lost its independent value when COO was included in the model. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that MYD88 L265P mutations, but no other variants, identify a subgroup of DLBCL mainly of ABC origin, with extranodal involvement and poor outcome. Clin Cancer Res; 22(11); 2755–64. ©2016 AACR.
Differential regional haemodynamic changes during mineralocorticoid hypertension

Background Primary aldosteronism is a cause of hypertension in up to 10% of hypertensive patients, but the mechanisms by which excess aldosterone raises arterial pressure remain unclear. Objective To investigate the systemic and regional haemodynamic changes during the development and maintenance of aldosterone-induced hypertension and the effect of sympathetic and vasopressin blockade. Methods Responses to intravenous infusion of aldosterone (10 μg/h) for 4 weeks were determined in five conscious sheep. The effects of sympathetic blockade with propranolol and phentolamine or vasopressin V1-receptor blockade with SR59049 were investigated in six further sheep infused with aldosterone. Results Aldosterone progressively increased the mean arterial pressure by 20 mmHg over 4 weeks (P < 0.001). The changes in cardiac output were variable between animals, resulting in no overall significant change. Total peripheral conductance was significantly decreased due to selective reductions in mesenteric conductance (from 6.17 ± 0.27 to 4.46 ± 0.15 ml/min per mmHg, P < 0.001) and iliac conductance (from 1.54 ± 0.21 to 1.27 ± 0.15 ml/min per mmHg, P < 0.001). In contrast, renal and coronary conductance were unchanged and renal blood flow increased from 290 ± 17 to 350 ± 28 ml/min (P < 0.01) and coronary blood flow from 34.7 ± 3.0 to 44.6 ± 2.5 ml/min (P < 0.05). These aldosterone-induced changes were not inhibited by sympathetic or vasopressin V1-receptor blockade. Conclusion Excess aldosterone caused a slow progressive increase in arterial pressure, which in the long term depended on reduced total peripheral conductance. This resulted from vasoconstriction in the gut and skeletal muscle, but not the kidney. These effects were not mediated by the sympathetic nervous system or vasopressin.
DHEA and Its Transformation into Androgens and Estrogens in Peripheral Target Tissues: Intracrinology

A new understanding of the endocrinology of menopause is that women, at menopause, are not only lacking estrogens resulting from cessation of ovarian activity but have also been progressively deprived for a few years of androgens and some estrogens originating from adrenal DHEA and androstenedione (4-dione). In fact, serum DHEA decreases by about 60% between the maximal levels seen at 30 years of age to the age of menopause. This decreased secretion of DHEA and DHEA-S by the adrenals is responsible for a parallel decrease in androgen and estrogen formation in peripheral tissues by the steroidogenic enzymes specifically expressed in each cell type in individual target tissues. This new field of endocrinology, called intracrinology, describes the local synthesis of androgens and estrogens made locally in each cell of each peripheral tissue from the adrenal precursors DHEA and 4-dione. These androgens and estrogens exert their action in the same cells where their synthesis takes place and they are released from these target cells only after being inactivated. To further understand the effect of DHEA in women, DHEA has been administered in postmenopausal women for 12 months. Such treatment resulted in increased bone formation and higher bone mineral density accompanied by elevated levels of osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation. Vaginal maturation was stimulated, while no effect was observed on the endometrium. Preclinical studies, on the other hand, have shown that, due to its predominant conversion into androgens, DHEA prevents the development and inhibits the growth of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat, a model of breast cancer. DHEA also inhibits the growth of human breast cancer ZR-75-1 xenografts in nude mice. The inhibitory effect of DHEA on breast cancer is due to an androgenic effect of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone made locally from DHEA. When used as replacement therapy, DHEA is free of the potential risk of breast and uterine cancer, while it stimulates bone formation and vaginal maturation and decreases insulin resistance. The combination of DHEA with a fourth generation SERM, such as EM-652 (SCH 57068), a compound having pure and potent antiestrogenic activity in the mammary gland and endometrium, could provide major benefits for women at menopause (inhibition of bone loss and serum cholesterol levels) with the associated major advantages of preventing breast and uterine cancer. A widely used application of intracrinology is the treatment of prostate cancer where the testicles are blocked by an LHRH agonist while the androgens made locally in the prostate from DHEA are blocked by a pure antiandrogen. Such treatment, called combined androgen blockade, has led to the first demonstration of a prolongation of life in prostate cancer.
Studies in Retroactive Inhibition: I. The Temporal Course of the Inhibitory Effects of Interpolated Learning

Resume L'experience principal rapporte dans cet article a eu comme but la determination des quantites de l'inhibition retroactive apres des intervalles de 20 minutes, d'une heure, de 24, de 48, et de 144 heures. Soixante sujets ont subi la condition de repos ou ils n'ont rien appris dans le laboratoire dans l'intervalle entre l'apprentissage d'une liste de 10 adjectifs a un critere de trois epreuves successives par la methode d'anticipation et le reapprentissage de la liste au meme critere. Quarante sujets ont subi la condition de travail qui n'a differe de la condition de repos qu'a un seul egard: immediatement apres l'apprentissage parfait de la premiere liste on a fait repeter dix fois une seconde liste de 10 adjectifs. Dans une experience de controle 12 sujets ont subi la condition de repos et celle de travail toutes deux aux intervalles de 20 minutes, de 24 et de 144 heures. Les resultats de l'epargne dans les deux experiences cedent des quantites d'inhibition lesquelles varient irregulierement dans .
Attainment of Syntactic and Morphological Accuracy by Advanced Language Learners

The present study examines the relationship between syntactic development, or complexity, and overall accuracy evidenced in the written English of advanced adult foreign language learners. Similar acquisition profiles were found to exist for 30 learners across five language groups: Arabic, Chinese, Korean, Malay, and Spanish. Syntactic complexity, measured in number of clauses per T-unit, is found to be similar in all five groups. These advanced foreign language learners, who show similar patterns of error distribution, all show relative strength in syntax, what Newport, Gleitman, and Gleitman (1977) call a universal design feature of language, but relative weakness in morphology, which is always a language-specific system.
Dietary fat and risk for advanced age-related macular degeneration.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between intake of total and specific types of fat and risk for advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness in adults. DESIGN A multicenter eye disease case-control study. SETTING Five US clinical ophthalmology centers. PATIENTS Case subjects included 349 individuals (age range, 55-80 years) with the advanced, neovascular stage of AMD diagnosed within 1 year of their enrollment into the study who resided near a participating clinical center. Control subjects included 504 individuals without AMD but with other ocular diseases. Controls were from the same geographic areas as cases and were frequency-matched to cases by age and sex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relative risk for AMD according to level of fat intake, controlling for cigarette smoking and other risk factors. RESULTS Higher vegetable fat consumption was associated with an elevated risk for AMD. After adjusting for age, sex, education, cigarette smoking, and other risk factors, the odds ratio (OR) was 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-3.74) for persons in the highest vs those in the lowest quintiles of intake (P for trend,.007). The risk for AMD was also significantly elevated for the highest vs lowest quintiles of intake of monounsaturated (OR, 1.71) and polyunsaturated (OR, 1.86) fats (Ps for trend,.03 and.03, respectively). Higher consumption of linoleic acid was also associated with a higher risk for AMD (P for trend,.02). Higher intake of omega-3 fatty acids was associated with a lower risk for AMD among individuals consuming diets low in linoleic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid (P for trend,.05; P for continuous variable,.03). Similarly, higher frequency of fish intake tended to reduce risk for AMD when the diet was low in linoleic acid (P for trend,.05). Conversely, neither omega-3 fatty acids nor fish intake were related to risk for AMD among people with high levels of linoleic acid intake. CONCLUSION Higher intake of specific types of fat--including vegetable, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats and linoleic acid--rather than total fat intake may be associated with a greater risk for advanced AMD. Diets high in omega-3 fatty acids and fish were inversely associated with risk for AMD when intake of linoleic acid was low.
Responsiveness of two participation measures in an outpatient rehabilitation setting

Abstract Objective: The responsiveness of a new participation measure, the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation (USER-Participation) was compared with that of the Impact on Particpation and Autonomy (IPA). Furthermore, the concurrent validity of these two measures was assessed. Method: Participants were patients with brain injury or neuromuscular disease, who received occupational therapy as part of a multidisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation programme. They completed the IPA and the USER-Participation at the start and end of the programme, and at three-month follow-up. Responsiveness was analysed using the effect size (ES) and the standardized response mean (SRM). Results: Responsiveness figures were small to moderate (–0.4 to 0.5) and similar for the IPA and the USER-Participation. The USER-Participation showed a consistent result, with Frequency scores declining and Restriction and Satisfaction scores inclining over time, and the IPA showed mixed results, with the different domain scores both inclining and declining over time. Correlations between IPA and USER-Participation scales were all significant, but by far strongest for the USER-Participation Satisfaction scale (–0.64 to –0.81). Conclusion: The USER-Participation was at least as responsive as the IPA. Further, satisfaction with participation as measured with the USER-Participation is highly similar to the concept of autonomy in participation as measured with the IPA.
Aggressive venous neointimal hyperplasia in a pig model of arteriovenous graft stenosis.

BACKGROUND Vascular access dysfunction is the most important cause of morbidity and hospitalization in the hemodialysis population in the United States at a cost of well over one billion dollars per annum. Venous neointimal hyperplasia characterized by stenosis and subsequent thrombosis, is the major cause of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) dialysis graft failure. Despite the magnitude of the problem, there are currently no effective therapies for the prevention or treatment of venous neointimal hyperplasia in PTFE dialysis grafts. We believe that this is partly due to the lack of a validated large animal model of arteriovenous stenosis that could be used to test out novel interventions. METHODS Seven-centimeter PTFE loop grafts were placed between the femoral artery and vein of domestic pigs. The grafts were removed at 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days after surgery and subjected to a detailed histological and immunohistochemical examination. RESULTS Significant neointimal hyperplasia and venous stenosis developed by 28 days at the graft-vein anastomosis. There was minimal neointimal hyperplasia at the graft-artery anastomosis. Venous neointimal hyperplasia (VNH) was characterized by (a) the presence of smooth muscle cells/myofibroblasts; (b) angiogenesis within both the neointima and adventitia; and (c) the presence of an active macrophage cell layer lining the PTFE graft material. These results are very similar to the human lesion previously described by us in dialysis patients. CONCLUSIONS We have developed and validated a pig model of venous neointimal hyperplasia that is very similar to the human lesion. We believe that this is an ideal model in which to test out novel interventions for the prevention and treatment of clinical hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction.