Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does workplace bullying matter? A descriptive study of the lived experience of the female professional target

The phenomenon of workplace bullying continues to receive attention from both scholars and practitioners. Research into workplace bullying began in Europe in the 1990s, with U.S. interest beginning in the 2000s. Practitioners’ level of interest in workplace bullying has been slower in the United States than other countries, which is similar to the scholarly attention. The attention has been increasing due to the significant negative consequences for the target, organization, colleagues who witnessed the bullying behavior, and society. In addition to multiple terms used to identify workplace bullying and the negative consequences, there are also multiple definitions. In order to aid in further research, this study identified four requirements in order for the participant to be considered a target of a workplace bully. Utilizing this definition, 20 targets were recruited to participate in an in-depth, semistructured interview. To describe the lived experience of the female professional target of workplace bullying, qualitative methodology was deployed with a phenomenological approach. The findings of this research study both supported and contradicted the existing literature. The findings supported the literature related to the bullying behaviors and target actions. Where these findings contradicted existing research was in regard to finite impact on the target, the target’s actions, the organization’s actions, and actions by colleagues who witnessed the bullying. Specifically, these findings were more concentrated versus the broader findings related to all targets of workplace bullying. The findings portrayed the workplace bully’s, and in some instances, the organization’s, relentless pursuit to terminate the target; while the target typically received only indirect support from colleagues. The participant’s continued focus on the reasons for being a target led to strong documentation of the situation that results in target learning from the experience. In essence, the lived experiences of female professional targets of workplace bullying are different. In the end, bullying in the workplace matters and must be addressed to eliminate the negative consequences for the presence of the phenomenon in an organization.
The Legalization of Rotational 24-hour Care Work in Austria: Implications for Migrant Care Workers

Abstract:Migrant care work in private households has become an important, but often illegal, source of long-term care provision in several European countries. The 2007 reform of “24-hour care work” in Austria was a comprehensive attempt to regularize previously illegal arrangements. Building on in-depth interviews with migrant care workers from Slovakia and Bulgaria, this article explores the impacts of the legalization for their decisions to work in this sector, for social protection, career plans, and working conditions. It is argued that the reform was successful in terms of take-up and providing social protection, while career and working conditions remain highly precarious.
Root Causes of Disparities and Recommendations for Focusing HIT on the Elimination of Health Care Disparities

Racial and ethnic disparities in health care have been consistently documented in the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of many common clinical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. The 2003 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare, defines disparities as differences in treatment between racial, ethnic or other demographic groups that are not directly attributable to variation in clinical needs or patient preferences and persist even after adjustment for socioeconomic factors. The IOM report Crossing the Quality Chasm has highlighted equity—the absence of disparities—as a key pillar of quality. Although some improvements have been achieved, persistent health care disparities in quality and access, which vary in magnitude and pattern within minority subpopulations, were recently documented in the 2009 AHRQ National Healthcare Disparities Report. Health care disparities have a multidimensional etiology. Unequal Treatment highlighted health system (for example, patients having difficulty navigating the health care system), provider (challenging doctor-patient communication due to language barriers or cultural beliefs, provider stereotyping of patients), and patient factors (mistrust) as particularly pertinent (Table 1, page 439). Quality improvement (QI) has been proposed as an important strategy to reduce or eliminate health care disparities. Health information technology (HIT) refers to a conglomeration of technologies such as electronic health records (EHRs), which include computerized provider order entry (CPOE), electronic clinical decision support tools, and clinical documentation such as physician notes and discharge summaries; personal health records (PHRs); technology for the management of chronic conditions (such as the use of e-mail, text messaging, or remote monitoring); population health tools (such as patient disease registries, and telemedicine); and data warehouse tools. There has been an acceleration of HIT implementation in the United States with the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, the Health Information Health Care Disparities
A dynamic algorithm for wildfire mapping with NOAA/AVHRR data

A wildfire-mapping algorithm is proposed based on fire dynamics, called the dynamic algorithm. It is applied to daily NOAA/AVHRR/HRPT data for wildland areas (scrub, chaparral, grassland, marsh, riparian forest, woodland, rangeland and forests) in California for September and October 1999. Daily AVHRR images acquired from two successive days are compared for active fire detection and burn scar mapping. The algorithm consists of four stages: data preparation; hotspot detection; burn scar mapping; and final confirmation of potential burn scar pixels. Preliminary comparisons between the result mapped by the dynamic algorithm and the fire polygons collected by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection through ground survey indicate that the algorithm can track burn scars at different developmental stages at a daily level. The comparisons between wildfire mapping results produced by a modified version of an existing algorithm and the dynamic algorithm also indicate this point. This is the major contribution of this algorithm to wildfire detection methods. The dynamic algorithm requires highly precise registration between consecutive images.
Recent developments in research and treatment for social phobia (social anxiety disorder)

Purpose of review This review covers three themes of research that brought fresh data useful for clinical practice in a handicapping anxiety disorder: social phobia. Recent findings deriving from basic biological research, new forms of psychological therapies, and recent psychopharmacology controlled trials are reviewed. Recent findings The basic neuroimaging research suggests that greater activation of the amygdala to novel versus familiar faces may be an underlying trait marker for social phobia. Social phobia may represent a phenotype that expresses a genetically driven trait of social withdrawal, which may be related to infantile inhibited temperament (Kagan's syndrome). The development of virtual reality therapy as therapeutic tool for social phobia appeared promising in one controlled, but not randomized, study. A controlled study suggests that social phobias in children can be effectively treated with cognitive behavioural therapy. This represents an extension of the work done with adults. Venlafaxine appears an effective short-term treatment for social anxiety disorder in two controlled studies. A new compound, pregabalin, appeared clearly effective in a positive controlled study. This trial marks the advent of a new pharmacological lineage for social phobia. Both venlafaxine and pregabalin, however, have been studied in short-term studies. Longer follow-up and relapse prevention studies are warranted. Summary Neuroimaging research points to a temperamental basis for social phobia. Virtual reality therapy is an emerging tool to carry out exposure treatment. Group cognitive behavioural therapy can be extended successfully to children. Venlafaxine and pregabalin have a proven short-term effectiveness in social phobia. Abbreviations CBT: cognitive behavioural therapy; CGI: Clinical Global Impression; LSAS: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; VRT: virtual reality therapy.
How people with Alzheimer’s disease express their sense of self: Analysis using Rom Harré’s theory of selfhood

The aim of this study was to use Harré’s social constructionist theory of selfhood to describe how people with mild and moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) express their sense of self. The findings show that Self 1, the embodied sense of being a person, was expressed fluently by participants through the use of first-person indexicals. Self 2, the experienced personal attributes and life narrative, had undergone changes. Those changes were not entirely for the worse; participants had also developed new skills in managing life with AD. In a lifetime perspective, those changes were minor and participants perceived themselves to be basically the same people that they were before having AD. When constructing Self 3, the social personae, participants usually described being supported by others, but sometimes described being exposed to malignant positioning. They also feared that they might become more exposed to negative attitudes as their AD progressed. However, participants were understanding towards the offensive behaviours of others.
ALFRED MARSHALL LECTURE USING AND ABUSING ECONOMIC THEORY

Economic theory is often abused in practical policy-making. There is frequently excessive focus on sophisticated theory at the expense of elementary theory; too much economic knowledge can sometimes be a dangerous thing. Too little attention is paid to the wider economic context, and to the dangers posed by political pressures. Superficially trivial distinctions between policy proposals may be economically significant, while economically irrelevant distinctions may be politically important. I illustrate with some disastrous government auctions, but also show the value of economic theory. (JEL: A11, B4, D44, L96)
The Case against Accuracy Estimation for Comparing Induction Algorithms

We analyze critically the use of classi cation accuracy to compare classi ers on natural data sets, providing a thorough investigation using ROC analysis, standard machine learning algorithms, and standard benchmark data sets. The results raise serious concerns about the use of accuracy for comparing classi ers and draw into question the conclusions that can be drawn from such studies. In the course of the presentation, we describe and demonstrate what we believe to be the proper use of ROC analysis for comparative studies in machine learning research. We argue that this methodology is preferable both for making practical choices and for drawing scienti c conclusions.
Natural Killer Dendritic Cells Enhance Immune Responses Elicited by α-Galactosylceramide-Stimulated Natural Killer T Cells

Natural killer dendritic cells (NKDCs) possess potent anti-tumor activity, but the cellular effect of NKDC interactions with other innate immune cells is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the interaction of NKDCs and natural killer T (NKT) cells is required for the anti-tumor immune responses that are elicited by α-galactosylceramide (α-GC) in mice. The rapid and strong expression of interferon-γ by NKDCs after α-GC stimulation was dependent on NKT cells. Various NK and DC molecular markers and cytotoxic molecules were up-regulated following α-GC administration. This up-regulation could improve NKDC presentation of tumor antigens and increase cytotoxicity against tumor cells. NKDCs were required for the stimulation of DCs, NK cells, and NKT cells. The strong anti-tumor immune responses elicited by α-GC may be due to the down-regulation of regulatory T cells. Furthermore, the depletion of NKDCs dampened the tumor clearance mediated by α-GC-stimulated NKT cells in vivo. Taken together, these results indicate that complex interactions of innate immune cells might be required to achieve optimal anti-tumor immune responses during the early stages of tumorigenesis.
Reanalysis of Eurasian Population History: Ancient DNA Evidence of Population Affinities

ABSTRACT Mitochondrial hypervariable region I genetic data from ancient populations at two sites in Asia—Linzi in Shandong (northern China) and Egyin Gol in Mongolia—were reanalyzed to detect population affinities. Data from 51 modern populations were used to generate distance measures (FST's) to the two ancient populations. The tests first analyzed relationships at the regional level and then compiled the top regional matches for an overall comparison to the two probe populations. The reanalysis showed that the Egyin Gol and Linzi populations have clear distinctions in genetic affinity. The Egyin Gol population as a whole appears to bear close affinities with modern populations of northern East Asia. The Linzi population seems to have some genetic affinities with the West, as suggested by the original analysis, although the original attribution of “European-like” seems to be misleading. We suggest that the Linzi individuals are potentially related to early Iranians, who are thought to have been widespread in parts of Central Eurasia and the steppe regions in the first millennium b.c., although some significant admixture between a number of populations of varying origin cannot be ruled out. We also examine the effect of sequence length on this type of genetic data analysis and discuss the results of previous studies on the Linzi sample.
Is social media use related to sleep quality, self-esteem, anxiety and depression in adolescence?

Recent evidence is increasingly linking social media use with various aspects of wellbeing, particularly in adolescents. The current study aims to add to this literature by investigating how adolescents’ social media use relates to sleep quality, self-esteem, anxiety and depression levels. Furthermore, this study is the first to examine how emotional investment in social media relates to these aspects of wellbeing. 467 adolescents completed questionnaire measures of overall and nighttime social media use, as well as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Social Media Use Integration Scale. Overall social media use, nighttime social media use and emotional investment in social media were each significantly related to poorer sleep quality, lower self-esteem, and higher anxiety and depression levels. Together, social media measures explained 13.5% of the variance in sleep quality, and nighttime social media use was a significant predictor of poor sleep quality after controlling for anxiety, depression and self-esteem. These results highlight both the timing of social media use and emotional investment in social media as important factors that merit further investigation with relation to adolescent wellbeing. The results of this study have the potential to inform interventions aimed at improving adolescents’ sleep quality or educating young people and parents about healthy social media use.
Pharmacotherapeutic options for the management of myocardial infarction

The pharmacological treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including unstable angina, non-ST- and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI) is dynamic and continues to evolve. Expert guidelines based on the results of clinical trials for the management of different types of ACS have been published. In both ST-segment elevation and non-ST-segment elevation MI, aspirin/clopidogrel, heparin/low molecular weight heparin/direct thrombin inhibitors, β-blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are part of the routine regimens. In patients with ST-segment elevation MI, eligibility for thrombolytic therapy needs to be determined and utilised as soon as possible. In patients with non-ST-segment elevation MI, the risks of thrombolytic therapy outweigh the benefits. The use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors has become increasingly important. The use of antihyperlipidaemic agents for the prevention of secondary events in both types of patients continue to be essential and the early aggressive use of lipid-lowering therapy also plays a role in improving endothelial function and stabilising atherosclerotic plaques.
Number and arithmetic skills in children with Down syndrome

It is clear that arithmetic and number skills are areas of particular difficulty for individuals with Down syndrome. Studies of arithmetic development in typically developing children suggest that a pre-verbal “number sense” system and counting skills provide two critical foundations for the development of arithmetic. Studies of children with Down syndrome suggest that the development of both these foundational skills present difficulties for them, though these conclusions are based on relatively small samples of children. It would seem that further studies of arithmetic and number skills in children with Down syndrome, involving larger samples of children and broader ranges of measures, are badly needed.
Classification of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease revisited.

The sporadic form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) has been classified on the basis of the molecular mass of the protease-resistant scrapie prion protein (PrP(Sc)), which can be type 1 or type 2, and the genotype at the methionine (M)/valine (V) polymorphic codon 129, which can be MM, MV or VV. In one classification proposed by Parchi et al., [Parchi P, Giese A, Capellari S, Brown P, Schulz-Schaeffer W, Windl O, Zerr I , Budka H , Kopp N , Piccardo P , Poser S , Rojiani A , Streichemberger N , Julien J , Vital C , Ghetti B , Gambetti P , Kretzschmar H . Classification of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease based on molecular and phenotypic analysis of 300 subjects. Ann Neurol 1999; 46: 224-33. ] the most common subtype of sCJD, designated sCJDMM1, is viewed as a single entity. Two other classifications proposed by Collinge et al. [Collinge J, Sidle KC, Meads J, Ironside J, Hill AF. Molecular analysis of prion strain variation and the aetiology of 'new variant' CJD. Nature 1996; 383: 685-90. ] and Zanusso et al., [Zanusso G, Farinazzo A, Fiorini M, Gelati M, Castagna A, Righetti PG, Rizzuto N, Monaco S . pH-dependent prion protein conformation in classical Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 40377-80. ] respectively, subdivide sCJDMM1 into two subtypes on the basis of the different molecular mass and phenotypic characteristics, primarily disease duration. To resolve this discrepancy, we divided a group of 22 subjects with confirmed sCJDMM1 according to Parchi et al. into two sub-populations according to whether the disease duration was <5 months (short-duration subjects) or >7 months (long-duration subjects). We then examined the PrP(Sc) molecular mass under the conditions that allowed wide variability of the pH of the PrP(Sc) preparations as well as under stringent pH conditions, using high-resolution gel electrophoresis. We also compared the characteristics of the PrP(Sc) associated with the short- and long-duration subjects using two-dimensional immunoblot, conformational stability immunoassay and sucrose gradient fractionation. Finally, the two sub-populations were also compared with regard to their clinical and pathological features including the lesion profiles. When sample homogenization and protease digestion were performed under stringent pH conditions, the PrP(Sc) molecular mass did not differ between short- and long-duration sCJDMM1 subjects. The conformational characteristics of the protease-resistant PrP(Sc) as well as the clinical and pathological phenotypes were also homogeneous except for the more severe lesions of the long-duration cases. We therefore conclude that the variability of the PrP(Sc) molecular mass underlying the division of sCJDMM1 into two subtypes is largely due to pH variations during tissue preparation, and sCJDMM1 with short and long disease duration have similar phenotypes and PrP(Sc) characteristics. These data indicate that the differentiation of sCJDMM1 into two subgroups is not currently justified.
(Healthy) Ageing: Focus on Iodothyronines

The activity of the thyroid gland diminishes during ageing, but a certain tissue reserve of T3 and its metabolites is maintained. This reserve is thought to play a regulatory role in energy homeostasis during ageing. This review critically assesses this notion. T3 was thought to act predominantly through pathways that require transcriptional regulation by thyroid hormone receptors (TRs). However, in recent years, it has emerged that T3 and its metabolites can also act through non-genomic mechanisms, including cytosolic signaling. Interestingly, differences may exist in the non-genomic pathways utilized by thyroid hormone metabolites and T3. For instance, one particular thyroid hormone metabolite, namely 3,5-diiodo-l-thyronine (T2), increases the activity of the redox-sensitive protein deacetylase SIRT1, which has been associated with improvements in healthy ageing, whereas evidence exists that T3 may have the opposite effect. Findings suggesting that T3, T2, and their signaling pathways, such as those involving SIRT1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), are associated with improvements in diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance emphasize the potential importance of the thyroid during ageing and in ageing-associated metabolic diseases.
Organic Poise? Capitalism as Law

The “and” that has characterized multi- and inter-disciplinary legal scholarship over the last half century identifies law as, to some determinable extent, a system, structure, discourse, and/or field of its own, coupled with, hence cognitively open to, other such systems – economy, polity, society – but like them manifesting operative closure. Applying the conjunction to law and capitalism represents the two elements under inspection as phenomenally distinct. The application of systems theory seems quite appropriate to the determination of relations among different operative categories of action in any given society – law, economy, and so forth. But “capitalism” is not an operative category of action. It is an encompassing, holistic characterization of a particular type of society that is is both institutionally and ideationally specific. So, although the critique of functionalism is correct to disparage theories of lock-step operative responsiveness between one system (law) and another (economy), it is worth investigating to what extent, just as “‘medieval law looked, smelled, and acted medieval’ … capitalist law looks, smells, and acts capitalist. ” Accepting this as a task for legal history, this paper offers preliminary thoughts on how that task might be conceptualized.