Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulated secretion of a serine protease that activates an extracellular matrix-degrading metalloprotease during fertilization in Chlamydomonas

During fertilization in the biflagellated alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, gametes of opposite mating types adhere to each other via agglutinin molecules located on their flagellar surfaces, generating a sexual signal that induces several cellular responses including cell wall release. This cell contact-generated signal is mediated by cAMP and release of the wall, which is devoid of cellulose and contains several hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, is due to the activation of a metalloprotease, lysin. Although we originally assumed that lysin would be stored intracellularly in a compartment structurally separate from its substrate, recently we showed that lysin is stored in the periplasm as an inactive, higher relative molecular mass precursor, prolysin (Buchanan, M.J., S. H. Imam, W. A. Eskue, and W. J. Snell. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 108:199-207). Here we show that conversion of prolysin to lysin is due to a cellular, nonperiplasmic enzyme that has the properties of a serine protease. Release of this serine protease into the periplasm is induced by incubation of gametes in dibutyryl cAMP. This may be one of the few examples of regulated secretion of a protease in a eucaryotic microorganism and a novel example of regulated secretion in a plant system.
Policy Impact of IEA Research

We are concerned in this essay with the effects of various IEA studies. The history of the IEA has been considered elsewhere, as has the substantive analysis of many IEA reports and documents. ' The association has been one of the most influential research efforts in the history of educational research, and it certainly has done the best-known international research on education. It is, therefore, useful to explore the policy impact of the IEA over the years. It is particularly relevant to consider this topic as a new series of IEA studies is about to be released in a period when there is great concern about educational "standards" and "excellence" in many countries.
Computer anxiety and attitudes towards microcomputer use

Abstract Survey data gathered from 187 participants were used to examine the relationship between demographic variables, computer training and experience, management support and system quality and computer anxiety, and attitudes toward microcomputers. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the quality of the computer-based information system which represents the interface and the interaction between the participants and the system has a strong positive effect on attitudes toward microcomputers, and a significant reduction on computer anxiety. Computer training contributes strongly to decrease in computer anxiety and has an indirect effect on attitudes toward microcomputers. However, computer experience and management support were found to affect the attitudes toward microcomputers directly. Among the demographic variables, gender was the only one which correlated highly with computer anxiety. Implications for the design of information and decision support systems and future resea.
Lay beliefs about disordered eating

Although “disordered eating,” as a set of psychiatric conditions, implicitly evaluates components of a social phenomenon, little attention has been paid to the boundaries between socially accepted and abnormal eating. Lay knowledge and evaluations of the formal criteria for a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia were therefore examined. The results show that although males and females know more about anorexia nervosa than bulimia, the DSM-III criteria for anorexia nervosa, which involve the determined pursuit of slimness and a body image disturbance, were judged by very few people to be both uncommon and abnormal. Bulimia, however, seems to be much closer to what is commonly judged to involve unusual behavior.
A Modwied Scoring Algorithm for the PDQ-R: Psychiatric Symptomatology and Substance Use in Adolescents with Personality Disorders

A study was conducted to investigate the extent to which adolescents diagnosed with one or more personality disorders on a self-report instrument are at an elevated risk for psychiatric symptomatology and psychoactive substance abuse. A modified version of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised (PDQ-R), the Revised Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), and a standard retrospective substance use diary were administered to 441 undergraduate students, 181 and 166 of whom participated in 1- and 2-month follow-up sessions at which the SCL-90-R and the substance use diary were read ministered. Results were that (a) personality disorder prevalence estimates produced by the modified PDQ-R approximated those obtained by previous researchers who have administered structured clinical interviews to general community samples; and (b) individuals diagnosed with one or more personality disorders by the modified PDQ-R manifested higher levels of psychiatric symptomatology and substance use at both baseline and follow-up than did nondiagnosed subjects.
The ties that bind? Exploring the basic principles of worker-owned organizations in practice

The Mondragon Cooperative Experience has been one of the worker-owned alternative organizations that has received the most attention in the academic world. Despite its economic success, this experience has also been wrought with its own share of tensions and internal paradoxes. Surprisingly, the perspective of worker–member–owners in the analysis of those inconsistencies in Mondragon has been given very little prominence. Similarly, the equivalence between the formal policies defined in that experience and the day-to-day activity has been widely taken for granted in the literature. This article aims to fill this gap and contribute to the literature by analyzing the extent to which Mondragon’s basic cooperative principles are applied in the daily practice from the perspective of worker–member–owners. To that end, in-depth interviews were conducted with worker–member–owners of Mondragon outside their working environment. An interpretative analysis provides evidence of a decoupling of cooperative principles from the workers’ daily activity. Furthermore, a tacit and non-formal principle frequently surfaces in the interviews: the principle of the primacy of secure membership and guaranteed employment. This seems to be the most solid tie that binds members to their organization, in a context with growing individualization and precarious employment conditions, together with a ubiquitous managerial discourse that encourages shallow forms of workplace participation. This work contributes to the broader field of organizational theory and sheds light on the dissociation process in formal policies of organizations governed by alternative founding principles. It also tries to contribute to the study of the sustainability of such alternative organizations.
The Rewards of Caregiving for Communally Motivated Parents

Research on the provision of need-based care in communal relationships has focused exclusively on adult close relationships. For the first time, we extend communal theory to the parent–child relationship to understand how communally motivated parents feel when giving care to their children. In a cross-sectional study (N = 696), a 10-day experience sampling study (N = 118), and an experimental study (N = 367), we found that communally motivated parents felt more authentic than less communally motivated parents when providing care to their children; in turn, feeling more authentic was associated with greater emotional well-being, parent–child relationship quality, and responsiveness to a child’s needs. These effects could not be attributed to child-centrism, idealization of parenthood, care difficulty, children’s mood, or the specific caregiving behavior in which parents engaged. The findings of the current studies contribute to an emerging body of research on parenting and well-being by highlighting for whom parenting may be maximally rewarding and why.
The effect of emotional bias in attentional processes

The attentional blink (AB) is an important paradigm to probe attention, observed when a subject tries to change the focus of their attention as fast as possible from one target input to another, when a rapid stream of targets is presented. The movement of attention to a second target (T2) is most difficult at about 200-500 msecs after detection or recognition of a first target (T1). This period is the blink, when there is little awareness of T2. We present a simulation that probes the control aspect of the movement of attention through the blink. We then show how the simulation can be extended by addition of an emotional bias, and how this can help ameliorate the blink for emotionally affective stimuli.
ROAD EXTRACTION FROM LIDAR DATA IN RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL AREAS OF ONEIDA COUNTY, NEW YORK

Since roads play an important role in many application areas, up-to-date road databases are critical. Automated road extraction using many different types of remote sensing data has been explored. Recently, lidar data has proven advantageous for road extraction and researchers have extracted roads from lidar data alone as well as fused with passive imagery. This paper considers techniques to extract roads from lidar data exclusively and explores the impact of land use on the accuracy of the derived road network. To support this goal, roads were extracted from lidar data for six study sites—three residential and three commercial—within Oneida County, NY. The accuracy of generated results was computed and comparison tests were performed. These results showed high levels of accuracy for the raster road cluster delineation, with lower accuracy for the vector centerlines. The comparative analysis showed that land use was a factor in road delineation accuracy for both the raster and vector stages of analysis.
A Different Kind of Reading Instruction: Using Visualizing to Bridge Reading Comprehension and Critical Literacy

Many literacy teachers are creating contexts for students to learn and use a range of reading comprehension strategies. As useful as reading strategy instruction is, relatively little has been documented on the ways in which reading strategies can become tools for critical literacy. In this paper, the author illustrates how a reading strategy can become a tool for critical literacy, focusing on the specific strategy of visualizing. Drawing on data collected from a yearlong qualitative study of three after-school book clubs for adolescent girls, the author discusses how adolescents visualize texts and what happens when they share their visualizations. In sharing their visualizations, the adolescents were sharing how they “see” people and the world, and why they see that way. The author argues for a different kind of reading instruction, one in which reading strategies are seen as resources to be used for exploring written texts and texts of students' lives.
The role of the dentate gyrus in the formation of contextual representations

The hippocampus is involved in encoding and integrating contextual information. Recently, it has been suggested that the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG) hippocampal subregion may mediate the formation of contextual representations of the spatial environment through a conjunctive encoding process whereby incoming multimodal information is integrated into a single higher‐order representation. Despite anatomical evidence in support of this claim, behavioral evidence is limited. Therefore, a contextual associative learning paradigm was used to determine whether the dDG supports the formation of integrated contextual representations. Male Long‐Evans rats were randomly assigned as controls or to receive bilateral intracranial infusions of colchicine into the dDG. Following recovery from surgery, each rat was tested on an appetitive task that required animals to form an association between a cue (odor) and a context to receive a food reward. Each rat received 10 trials per day and was tested for 10 consecutive days. Upon completion of testing, animals were tested on an additional two‐choice olfactory and contextual discrimination task. The testing order was counterbalanced across animals. Results showed that control animals successfully acquired the contextual associative learning task for olfactory stimuli as indicated by improved performance across the 10 testing days. In contrast, animals with dDG lesions were impaired in the ability to acquire the odor‐context associations. Results from follow‐up odor and context discrimination tests indicated that both groups acquired the discriminations at similar rates. Therefore, it is unlikely that deficits in performance on the contextual associative learning task were due to an inability to discriminate between odors or contexts. The present findings provide further support for DG involvement in the formation of conjunctive contextual representations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Turnover intention and performance in China: The role of positive affectivity, Chinese values, perceived organizational support and constructive controversy

This study examines antecedents of turnover intention and job performance in China. The total sample consisted of 153 employees in a toy manufacturing factory in South China. Data from matched supervisor and subordinate responses supported the hypotheses that the workplace experience of perceived organizational support related to turnover intention which in-turn related to individual job performance. Findings also indicated that the employees with traditional values and positive affectivity related significantly to perceived organizational support.
Mechanism of TiO2 nanoparticle‐induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been used historically for evaluating the toxicity of environmental and aqueous toxicants, and there is an emerging literature reporting toxic effects of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) in zebrafish embryos. Few researches, however, are focused on the neurotoxicity on adult zebrafish after subchronic exposure to TiO2 NPs. This study was designed to evaluate the morphological changes, alterations of neurochemical contents, and expressions of memory behavior‐related genes in zebrafish brains caused by exposures to 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/L TiO2 NPs for 45 consecutive days. Our data indicated that spatial recognition memory and levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, and 5‐hydroxytryptamine were significantly decreased and NO levels were markedly elevated, and over proliferation of glial cells, neuron apoptosis, and TiO2 NP aggregation were observed after low dose exposures of TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, the low dose exposures of TiO2 NPs significantly activated expressions of C‐fos, C‐jun, and BDNF genes, and suppressed expressions of p38, NGF, CREB, NR1, NR2ab, and GluR2 genes. These findings imply that low dose exposures of TiO2 NPs may result in the brain damages in zebrafish, provide a developmental basis for evaluating the neurotoxicity of subchronic exposure, and raise the caution of aquatic application of TiO2 NPs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 163–175, 2016.
Interactions of Human Organic Anion Transporters with Diuretics

The tubular secretion of diuretics in the proximal tubule has been shown to be critical for the action of drugs. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms for the tubular excretion of diuretics, we have elucidated the interactions of human organic anion transporters (hOATs) with diuretics using cells stably expressing hOATs. Diuretics tested were thiazides, including chlorothiazide, cyclothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, and trichlormethiazide; loop diuretics, including bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, and furosemide; and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, including acetazolamide and methazolamide. These diuretics inhibited organic anion uptake mediated by hOAT1, hOAT2, hOAT3, and hOAT4 in a competitive manner. hOAT1 exhibited the highest affinity interactions for thiazides, whereas hOAT3 did those for loop diuretics. hOAT1, hOAT3, and hOAT4 but not hOAT2, mediated the uptake of bumetanide. hOAT3 and hOAT4, but not hOAT1 mediated the efflux of bumetanide. hOAT1 and hOAT3, but not hOAT2 and hOAT4 mediated the uptake of furosemide. In conclusion, it was suggested that hOAT1 may play an important role in the basolateral uptake of thiazides, and hOAT3 in the uptake of loop diuretics. In addition, it was also suggested that bumetanide taken up by hOAT3 and/or hOAT1 is excreted into the urine by hOAT4.
Children's attributions of moral emotions to victimizers : Some data, doubts and suggestions

The main goal of this research was to re-examine contradictions between several published studies of age-related changes in children's attributions of moral emotions to transgressors, and to analyse the robustness of young children's tendency to fall into the happy victimizer pattern (i.e. to expect a wrongdoer to feel good rather than bad after having committed a certain moral transgression). Ninety children of three age levels (i.e. 4-, 6- and 8-year-olds) were first confronted with two stories involving a wrongdoer, and then judged how the story's character felt. Next, the children were presented with additional opportunities designed to lessen the incidence of young children's attributions of positive (i.e. immoral) emotions to the victimizer. Although a developmental trend from positive to negative emotions was evident, children at all ages were more likely to attribute positive rather than negative emotions to the victimizer. However, older children changed their initial attributions of positive feelings into negative emotions more often than did younger children. These results are discussed in comparison with the findings of related studies, and also in relation to theoretical accounts of young children's morality.
Health-promoting schools and mental health issues: a survey of New Zealand schools

In New Zealand, schools are implementing a variety of strategies in an attempt to address factors that adversely influence students’ learning. The purpose of this article is to present the findings of a study that sought to determine the extent to which schools were able not only to identify health issues influencing learning, but also to use a health-promoting schools (HPS) approach to address them. The article reports the findings of a survey of 318 New Zealand schools that sought teachers’ perceptions of mental health issues and the strategies schools had in place to address these. It discusses New Zealand teachers’ perceptions of how issues relating to mental health, including relationships with others, bullying and family trauma, impact on learning. It explores teachers’ self-reported awareness of relationships between the elements of HPS and educational outcomes, and identifies a range of HPS strategies that schools used to address mental health barriers to learning.
Outcomes of a Community– and Home-Based Intervention for Safe Motherhood and Newborn Care

Mothers and their home birth attendants residing in rural Uttar Pradesh (UP), India, were taught to recognize and take action to resolve selected maternal and neonatal life-threatening problems. Community mobilization efforts were designed to reduce delays in transport to emergency obstetric care (EOC) referral units and to increase use of family planning. Retention of knowledge and skills for recognition and intervention for maternal bleeding and newborn sepsis was enhanced when pictorial depictions of the problem or take action message or both were used as memory aids. Advocacy efforts for use of EOC facilities were less successful. The community health promotion and home-based life-saving skills education efforts tested are recommended for replication.
Up-regulation of GABAB Receptor Signaling by Constitutive Assembly with the K+ Channel Tetramerization Domain-containing Protein 12 (KCTD12)*

Background: KCTD12 regulates agonist potency and kinetics of GABAB receptor signaling. Results: KCTD12 stably associates with GABAB receptors as early as in the endoplasmic reticulum and reduces constitutive receptor internalization from the cell surface. Conclusion: KCTD12 increases GABAB receptor surface expression and the magnitude of receptor signaling. Significance: KCTD12 not only regulates agonist potency and kinetics but also the magnitude of GABAB receptor signaling. GABAB receptors are the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) for GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Native GABAB receptors comprise principle and auxiliary subunits that regulate receptor properties in distinct ways. The principle subunits GABAB1a, GABAB1b, and GABAB2 form fully functional heteromeric GABAB(1a,2) and GABAB(1b,2) receptors. Principal subunits regulate forward trafficking of the receptors from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane and control receptor distribution to axons and dendrites. The auxiliary subunits KCTD8, -12, -12b, and -16 are cytosolic proteins that influence agonist potency and G-protein signaling of GABAB(1a,2) and GABAB(1b,2) receptors. Here, we used transfected cells to study assembly, surface trafficking, and internalization of GABAB receptors in the presence of the KCTD12 subunit. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and metabolic labeling, we show that GABAB receptors associate with KCTD12 while they reside in the endoplasmic reticulum. Glycosylation experiments support that association with KCTD12 does not influence maturation of the receptor complex. Immunoprecipitation and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer experiments demonstrate that KCTD12 remains associated with the receptor during receptor activity and receptor internalization from the cell surface. We further show that KCTD12 reduces constitutive receptor internalization and thereby increases the magnitude of receptor signaling at the cell surface. Accordingly, knock-out or knockdown of KCTD12 in cultured hippocampal neurons reduces the magnitude of the GABAB receptor-mediated K+ current response. In summary, our experiments support that the up-regulation of functional GABAB receptors at the neuronal plasma membrane is an additional physiological role of the auxiliary subunit KCTD12.
Sun Protection Behaviors Associated with Self-Efficacy, Susceptibility, and Awareness among Uninsured Primary Care Patients Utilizing a Free Clinic

Background. Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in the United States (US). However, knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes regarding sun protection vary among the general population. The purpose of this study is to examine sun protection behaviors of low-income primary care patients and assess the association between these health behaviors and the self-efficacy, susceptibility, and skin cancer awareness. Methods. Uninsured primary care patients utilizing a free clinic (N = 551) completed a self-administered survey in May and June 2015. Results. Using sunscreen was the least common tactic among the participants of this study. Skin cancer awareness and self-efficacy are important to improve sun protection behaviors. Spanish speakers may have lower levels of skin care awareness compared to US born and non-US born English speakers. Male and female participants use different sun protection methods. Conclusion. It is important to increase skin cancer awareness with self-efficacy interventions as well as education on low-cost sun protection methods. Spanish speaking patients would be a target population for promoting awareness. Male and female patients would need separate gender-specific sun protection education. Future studies should implement educational programs and assess the effectiveness of the programs to further promote skin cancer prevention among underserved populations.