Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Augment Immunopathology and Gastritis in Chronic Helicobacter pylori Infection

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells produce inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic granzymes in response to by-products of microbial riboflavin synthesis. Although MAIT cells are protective against some pathogens, we reasoned that they might contribute to pathology in chronic bacterial infection. We observed MAIT cells in proximity to Helicobacter pylori bacteria in human gastric tissue, and so, using MR1-tetramers, we examined whether MAIT cells contribute to chronic gastritis in a mouse H. pylori SS1 infection model. Following infection, MAIT cells accumulated to high numbers in the gastric mucosa of wild-type C57BL/6 mice, and this was even more pronounced in MAIT TCR transgenic mice or in C57BL/6 mice where MAIT cells were preprimed by Ag exposure or prior infection. Gastric MAIT cells possessed an effector memory Tc1/Tc17 phenotype, and were associated with accelerated gastritis characterized by augmented recruitment of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, and non-MAIT T cells and by marked gastric atrophy. Similarly treated MR1−/− mice, which lack MAIT cells, showed significantly less gastric pathology. Thus, we demonstrate the pathogenic potential of MAIT cells in Helicobacter-associated immunopathology, with implications for other chronic bacterial infections.
The evidence–practice gap in specialist mental healthcare: Systematic review and meta-analysis of guideline implementation studies

Background Clinical practice guidelines are not easily implemented, leading to a gap between research synthesis and their use in routine care. Aims To summarise the evidence relating to the impact of guideline implementation on provider performance and patient outcomes in mental healthcare settings, and to explore the performance of different strategies for guideline implementation. Method A systematic review of randomised controlled trials, controlled clinical trials and before-and-after studies comparing guideline implementation strategies v. usual care, and different guideline implementation strategies, in patients with severe mental illness. Results In total, 19 studies met our inclusion criteria. The studies did not show a consistent positive effect of guideline implementation on provider performance, but a more consistent small to modest positive effect on patient outcomes. Conclusions Guideline implementation does not seem to have an impact on provider performance, nonetheless it may influence patient outcomes positively.
HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis and Condomless Sex: Disentangling Personal Values From Public Health Priorities

Daily HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective form of HIV protection that remains unknown and inaccessible for many people in the United States despite receiving federal approval over five years ago. PrEP is supported by the public health community, but forgoing condoms while taking PrEP has proven controversial; this controversy may be contributing to the lag in PrEP uptake. We argue that limiting PrEP access based on anticipated or actual sexual behavior contradicts the goals of public health research and practice and is not scientifically justified. As evidence for the effectiveness of novel forms of biomedical HIV protection emerges, public health professionals need to accept new definitions of “protected sex” and ensure that their personal values do not override empirical evidence when determining public health priorities.
Vapor phase synthesis of Al-doped titania powders

The role of aluminum as dopant in gas phase synthesis of titania powders was experimentally investigated in an aerosol flow reactor between 1300 and 1700 K. Titania was produced by vapor phase oxidation of titanium tetrachloride in the presence of dopant aluminum trichloride vapor. The presence of aluminum altered the particle morphology from polyhedral to irregular crystals. Energy dispersive analysis and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the powders were mixtures of crystalline titania and amorphous alumina. Analysis by XPS indicated significant enrichment of aluminum on the particle surface. Some aluminum titanate (up to 17% by volume) was formed at 1700 K when a high concentration of AlCl_3 was used (AlCl_3/TiCl_4 ≥ 0.07). Measurements of lattice parameters by x-ray diffraction indicated that aluminum formed a solid solution in titania. While titania synthesized in the absence of aluminum was about 90% anatase, the introduction of aluminum resulted in pure rutile at AlCl_3/TiCl_4 = 0.07. The effects of aluminum on titania phase composition and morphology are explained by the creation of oxygen vacancies in the titania crystallites and by the enhancement of the sintring rate of titania grains.
Paternal isodisomy of chromosome 3 unmasked by autosomal recessive microcoria‐congenital nephrosis syndrome (Pierson syndrome) in a child with no other phenotypic abnormalities

Paternal Isodisomy of Chromosome 3 Unmasked by Autosomal Recessive Microcoria-Congenital Nephrosis Syndrome (Pierson Syndrome) in a Child With no Other Phenotypic Abnormalities Verena Matejas, Jutta Muscheites, Marianne Wigger, Hans-J€urgen Kreutzer, Horst Nizze, and Martin Zenker* Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis, Rostock, Germany Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Rostock, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Germany
Comparison of mobility and user satisfaction between a microprocessor knee and a standard prosthetic knee: a summary of seven single-subject trials

Insufficient evidence of the benefits provided by costlier microprocessor knees (MPKs) over nonmicroprocessor knees (NMPKs) often causes concern when considering MPK prescription. Thus, more studies are needed to demonstrate differences between MPKs and NMPKs and define sensitive outcomes to guide MPK prescription. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of switching from NMPK to MPK on measures of mobility and preference. Seven long-term NMPK users (all men, ages 50–84, 3–64 years postamputation) participated in this study, which use a single-subject design (ABA or BAB; A=NMPK, B=MPK). Mobility was assessed with the Amputee Mobility Predictor, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), L-Test, 6-Min Walk Test (6MWT) with Physiological Cost Index, and self-selected normal and very fast gait speeds. The preference between NMPK and MPK was evaluated by the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) and the visual analog scale. Mobility improved with the MPK in six of seven participants, which was most often captured with BBS (median: +6 points) and 6MWT (median: +63 m). These improvements typically exceeded minimal clinically important difference or minimal detectable change thresholds. Most participants scored the MPK higher on the PEQ (median: +20 points) and six of seven expressed a global preference toward MPK. In the BAB group, the Amputee Mobility Predictor and BBS correlated with perception of change on several PEQ domains (&Rgr;≥0.59). In conclusion, MPKs may provide better outcomes and user satisfaction, particularly in those with lower mobility function. BBS and 6MWT were found to be the most sensitive measures to capture changes in mobility while using MPK for several weeks.
Preventing infections due to intravascular catheters in burn victims

Venous catheters are associated with severe complications that present high morbidity and mortality rates. The objective of this study was to identify the available scientific evidence regarding nursing interventions for the prevention of infections related to the presence of central or peripheral venous catheters in burn patients. We performed a search of the PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information and Cochrane databases from March 2008 to March 2009. There is only limited evidence regarding interventions that may have a positive impact in preventing venous catheter-related infection in burn victims. We recommend the interpretation of the CDC guidelines as a basis to organize protocols to prevent catheter-related infection in burns.
Factor analyzing the Norwegian MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery

The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) assesses seven cognitive domains with 10 subtests. This domain structure has not been demonstrated. Three factors have been produced in US samples. We examined the dimensional structure of the Norwegian MCCB. In addition, we studied the contribution of each subtest to the battery sum score.
Strengthening the laboratory diagnosis of pathogenic Corynebacterium species in the Vaccine era

Over the last three decades, successful implementation of the diphtheria vaccination in the developed and developing countries has reduced the infections caused by the toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, but a concomitant increase in the invasive infections due to the nontoxigenic strains was seen. In addition, the recent reports on the emergence of nontoxigenic toxin gene‐bearing strains, having the potential to revert back to toxigenic form poses a significant threat to human beings. Besides infections caused by C. diphtheriae, the emergence of the respiratory, cutaneous and invasive infections by related pathogenic Corynebacterium species like C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis, complicate the diagnosis and management of infection. These observations together with the widespread prevalence of diphtheria in the vaccine era, necessitates the strengthening of the epidemiological surveillance and laboratory diagnosis of the pathogen. This review provides the overview of the advantages and limitations of different molecular methods and the role of MALDI‐TOF in the laboratory diagnosis of Diphtheria. The contribution of next generation sequencing technology and different genotyping techniques in understanding the pathogenicity, transmission dynamics and epidemiology of the C. diphtheriae is discussed.
EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) propose recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and are the product of a joint effort by the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO). They update a position statement based on the 2009 EASL Special Conference [1] . The data have been retrieved by an extensive PubMed search up to April 2015. The final statements are graded according to the level of evidence and strength of recommendation, which are adjustable to local regulations and/or team capacities ( table 1 ) [2] . In particular, screening for NAFLD in the population at risk should be in the context of the available resources, considering the burden for the national healthcare systems and the currently limited effective treatments. The document is intended both for practical use and for advancing the research and knowledge of NAFLD in adults, with specific reference to paediatric NAFLD, whenever necessary. The final purpose is to improve patient care and awareness of the importance of NAFLD, and to assist stakeholders in the decision-making process by providing evidence-based data, which also takes into consideration the burden of clinical management for the healthcare system. Received: November 4, 2015 Accepted: November 4, 2015 Published online: April 8, 2016
Death rituals, religious beliefs, and grief of Turkish women

ABSTRACT Grief following a death loss is a common experience that all individuals face at some point in life. There, however, are only a few in-depth studies regarding grief in cultures around the world and specific roles that rituals and beliefs related to death may have in the grieving process. Results of interview data from eight grieving Turkish women revealed three themes: (a) metaphors of loss, (b) funeral rituals, and (c) rituals in relation to control and personal factors. Overall, participants’ sense of control appeared to influence their grief experiences and perceptions of rituals.
Perinatal depression

Abstract: Perinatal depression is a common condition with significant adverse maternal, fetal, neonatal, and early childhood outcomes. The perinatal period is an opportune time to screen, diagnose, and treat depression. Improved recognition of perinatal depression, particularly among low-income women, can lead to improved perinatal health outcomes.
High radio-frequency properties and variability of brightest cluster galaxies

We consider the high radio-frequency (15–353 GHz) properties and variability of 35 brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). These are the most core-dominated sources drawn from a parent sample of more than 700 X-ray selected clusters, thus allowing us to relate our results to the general population. We find that ≥6.0 per cent of our parent sample (≥15.1 per cent if only cool-core clusters are considered) contain a radio source at 150 GHz of at least 3 mJy (≈1×10^(23) W Hz^(−1) at our median redshift of z ≈ 0.13). Furthermore, ≥3.4 per cent of the BCGs in our parent sample contain a peaked component (Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum, GPS) in their spectra that peaks above 2 GHz, increasing to ≥8.5 per cent if only cool-core clusters are considered. We see little evidence for strong variability at 15 GHz on short (week–month) time-scales although we see variations greater than 20 per cent at 150 GHz over six-month time frames for 4 of the 23 sources with multi-epoch observations. Much more prevalent is long-term (year–decade time-scale) variability, with average annual amplitude variations greater than 1 per cent at 15 GHz being commonplace. There is a weak trend towards higher variability as the peak of the GPS-like component occurs at higher frequency. We demonstrate the complexity that is seen in the radio spectra of BCGs and discuss the potentially significant implications of these high-peaking components for Sunyaev–Zel‘dovich cluster searches.
New developments in laser-based photoemission spectroscopy and its scientific applications: a key issues review

The significant progress in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) in last three decades has elevated it from a traditional band mapping tool to a precise probe of many-body interactions and dynamics of quasiparticles in complex quantum systems. The recent developments of deep ultraviolet (DUV, including ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet) laser-based ARPES have further pushed this technique to a new level. In this paper, we review some latest developments in DUV laser-based photoemission systems, including the super-high energy and momentum resolution ARPES, the spin-resolved ARPES, the time-of-flight ARPES, and the time-resolved ARPES. We also highlight some scientific applications in the study of electronic structure in unconventional superconductors and topological materials using these state-of-the-art DUV laser-based ARPES. Finally we provide our perspectives on the future directions in the development of laser-based photoemission systems.
Health Experiences of Immigrant Visible Minority Women: A Literature Review

This literature review on the health experiences of visible minority women is based on a critical review of the international English language peer-reviewed publications from 1980 to 2011. The overall goal was to gather understanding of immigrant women's employment and health experiences. The key findings from the review specific to health are: (a) There is variation in definition and meaning of health across cultures; (b) Immigrant visible minority women experience several barriers to accessing healthcare services including discrimination; (c) There is a paradigm clash between Western bio-medical principles and Eastern holistic approach to health. Social work practice implications are discussed.
Bioavailability of tomato polyphenols is enhanced by processing and fat addition: Evidence from a randomized feeding trial.

SCOPE Tomato contains a variety of phenolics associated with health-promoting properties. However, the effects of processing and the addition of oil during tomato sauce preparation on microbial metabolism of phenolics in the small intestine are still unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS An open, controlled, randomized, and crossover feeding trial with 40 healthy volunteers was carried out to analyze the metabolites in plasma and urine after the consumption of tomato and tomato sauces, with tomato sauce enriched with refined olive oil (ROOE) and without refined olive oil (oil-free: OF). Ten phenolics in plasma and 93 metabolites in urine were quantified. Processing tomatoes into sauce enhanced the bioavailability of flavanones, flavanols, and some hydroxycinnamic acids, as reflected by the increase in the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve. An increase in their plasma half-life was also observed, particularly after ingestion of ROOE, possibly favored by enterohepatic circulation. A wide variety of gut microbial metabolites was also detected, namely flavanones, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, hydroxyphenylpropanoic acids, hydroxyphenylacetic acids, and hydroxybenzoic acids. CONCLUSIONS Flavanones and flavonols in ROOE presented higher bioavailability, suggesting that the processing undergone by the raw tomato improved their absorption.
Label‐free optical detection of age‐related and diabetic oxidative damage in human aqueous humors

In this study, we investigate the biochemical characteristics of oxidative stress in age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) by analyzing aqueous humors. Nondiabetic cataract aqueous humor was used as the control. The level of oxidative damage was evaluated based on changes in Raman spectral intensity. Seven prominent peaks were detected at 1002, 1043, 1062, 1352, 1419, 1454, and 1656 cm−1. We proposed four multimodal biomarkers to distinguish these peaks based on the ratios of Raman intensities in two wavelengths, including CHO (C–O stretching or C–O–H bending modes), AG (adenine and guanine), PRO‐AG (protein and AG), and PHEα (phenylalanine symmetric ring breath and amide I α‐helix) markers. The presence of oxidative damage was detected by CHO and AG markers associated with C–O stretching, C–O–H bending modes in carbohydrates (1043 cm−1), and the nucleic acids adenine and guanine (1352 cm−1), respectively. DR‐related oxidative damage was identified by PRO‐AG and PHEα markers associated with adenine, guanine, and protein components (1419 and 1454 cm−1) and amide I α‐helix protein structure (1656 cm−1), respectively. AMD‐related oxidative damage was identified by four biomarkers. Four multimodal biomarkers with simple linear threshold values achieved high sensitivity of 100% and high specificity of 100% for classifying oxidative stress‐induced AMD and DR diseases. Therefore, Raman‐based label‐free optical detection is effective for detecting the presence of age‐related or diabetic oxidative damage in aqueous humor.
Fabrication of metal nanopatterns for organic field effect transistor electrodes by cracking and transfer printing

In this paper, we demonstrate a novel method for fabricating metal nanopatterns using cracking to address the limitations of traditional techniques. Parallel crack arrays were created in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold using a combination of surface modification and control of strain fields. The elastic PDMS containing the crack arrays was subsequently used as a stamp to prepare nanoscale metal patterns on a substrate by transfer printing. To illustrate the functionality of this technique, we employed the metal patterns as the source and drain contacts of an organic field effect transistor. Using this approach, we fabricated transistors with channel lengths ranging from 70–600 nm. The performance of these devices when the channel length was reduced was studied. The drive current density increases as expected, indicating the creation of operational transistors with recognizable properties.
Dielectric behaviour of polluted porcelain insulators

The dielectric behaviour of polluted porcelain insulators is investigated by means of experimental tests and simulation methods. The elaboration of the experimental results, using well known mathematical models of polluted insulators, leads to the identification of the arc constants. It was found out that the arc constants are independent of the insulator type and of the experimental pollution procedure (salt fog or solid layer cool fog method). This allows the formulation of a generalised simulation model of polluted insulators. The critical parameters for the flashover (voltage, current and gradient) are computed by means of the developed model, using only the geometric dimensions of the insulator, the pollution severity and the arc constants. Different types of porcelain insulators are investigated and the variation of the critical parameters upon the density of the pollution layer is determined. The influence of the geometrical dimensions and of the shape of the insulator to the critical parameters is also investigated. Furthermore, analytical relations are defined, between the computed critical parameters and the salt deposit density as well as the dimensions, the shape and the type of the insulator.
Gaze Control During Interceptive Actions With Different Spatiotemporal Demands

It is widely accepted that the sources of information used to guide interceptive actions depend on conflicting spatiotemporal task demands. However, there is a paucity of evidence that shows how information pick-up during interceptive actions is adapted to such conflicting constraints. The present study therefore examined the effects of systematic manipulations of spatiotemporal constraints on performance, timing and gaze in an in situ interceptive action. To this end, expert futsal goalkeepers faced penalty kicks taken from 10 m and 6 m. With the more lenient spatiotemporal constraints (i.e., kicks from 10 m), the goalkeepers saved more kicks, initiated their actions later, and looked longer toward ball relative to the penalty takers’ body. Furthermore, analysis of gaze patterns showed that interindividual variations in information pick-up were related to the unfolding of the penalty taker’s action, revealing a less variable, funnel-like gaze pattern toward the end of the action. These findings are interpreted to reflect that changes in spatiotemporal demands induce the differential use of information for the accurate control of interceptive actions.
Serial Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Transient Global Amnesia?

166 Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ¦ Volume 9 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ January-March 2018 to other mechanisms and origins such as neoplastic, infectious, toxic‐metabolic, ictus‐related changes. Hence, considering the controversies in this area, evaluation of serial imaging changes in diffusion‐restricted regions may be a reasonable way of understanding the responsible mechanism. However, the authors did not make any explanation about the possible mechanism underlying this completely normalization of DWI abnormality? [1] For instance, in ischemia model, we would expect to see the effects of pseudonormalization (baseline apparent diffusion coefficient values and hyperintense DWI) in the 2nd week of the clinical presentation (corresponding to the time of second MRI). Technical problems may also be a possible explanation which might be clarified by a third MRI follow‐up? I wonder if the authors may also include the T2‐weighted images (if present) for a better evaluation of the underlying pathophysiology. I would also like to remark that the DWI sections, illustrated in the report (DWI at presentation and 10 days after), are not similar which complicates a proper interpretation of the lesion evolution. Of note, the proper demonstration of the follow‐up image is also important to distinguish the initial lesions from possible DWI artifacts. Future reports of larger case series including follow‐up imaging results may provide crucial contributions regarding the unknown aspects of TGA pathophysiology.