Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Compression Stockings on Running Performance in Men Runners

Kemmler, W, von Stengel, S, Köckritz, C, Mayhew, J, Wassermann, A, and Zapf, J. Effect of compression stockings on running performance in men runners. J Strength Cond Res 23(1): 101-105, 2009-The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of below-knee compression stockings on running performance in men runners. Using a within-group study design, 21 moderately trained athletes (39.3 ± 10.9 years) without lower-leg abnormities were randomly assigned to perform a stepwise treadmill test up to a voluntary maximum with and without below-knee compressive stockings. The second treadmill test was completed within 10 days of recovery. Maximum running performance was determined by time under load (minutes), work (kJ), and aerobic capacity (ml·kg−1·min−1). Velocity (km·h−1) and time under load were assessed at different metabolic thresholds using the Dickhuth et al. lactate threshold model. Time under load (36.44 vs. 35.03 minutes, effect size [ES]: 0.40) and total work (422 vs. 399 kJ, ES: 0.30) were significantly higher with compression stockings compared with running socks. However, only slight, nonsignificant differences were observed for &OV0312;o2max (53.3 vs. 52.2 ml·kg−1·min−1, ES: 0.18). Running performance at the anaerobic (minimum lactate + 1.5 mmol·L−1) threshold (14.11 vs. 13.90 km·h−1, ES: 0.22) and aerobic (minimum lactate + 0.5 mmol·L−1) thresholds (13.02 vs. 12.74 km·h−1, ES: 0.28) was significantly higher using compression stockings. Therefore, stockings with constant compression in the area of the calf muscle significantly improved running performance at different metabolic thresholds. However, the underlying mechanism was only partially explained by a slightly higher aerobic capacity.
Differential Predictive Modeling for Racial Disparities in Breast Cancer

The primary objective of disparities research is to model the differences across multiple groups and identify the groups that behave significantly different from each other. Independently generating various decision trees for different subsets of the data will not allow us to study the impact of the various attributes on these different subgroups. We propose a novel technique for inducing similar decision trees for different subpopulations and also develop a new distance metric between two decision trees which measures the difference in the underlying data distributions of these subgroups. The proposed framework is evaluated by analyzing the racial disparities in breast cancer. Our method was able to rank different populations with respect to the disparity and detect the attributes that are most responsible for such differences.
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells secrete CXCL5 cytokine with neurotrophic effects on cavernous nerve regeneration.

INTRODUCTION Previously we reported that paracrine actions likely mediated the therapeutic effects of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on a rat model of cavernous nerve (CN) injury. AIM To identify potential neurotrophic factors in ADSC's secretion, test the most promising one, and identify the molecular mechanism of its neurotrophic action. METHODS Rat major pelvic ganglia (MPG) were cultured in conditioned media of ADSC and penile smooth muscle cells (PSMCs). Cytokine expression in these two media was probed with a cytokine antibody array. CXCL5 cytokine was quantified in these two media by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Activation of Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) by CXCL5 was tested in neuroblastoma cell lines BE(2)C and SH-SY5Y as well as in Schwann cell line RT4-D6P2T by Western blot. Involvement of CXCL5 and JAK/STAT in ADSC-conditioned medium's neurotrophic effects was confirmed with anti-CXCL5 antibody and JAK inhibitor AG490, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Neurotrophic effects of ADSC and PSMC-conditioned media were quantified by measuring neurite length in MPG cultures. Secretion of CXCL5 in these two media was quantified by ELISA. Activation of JAK/STAT by CXCL5 was quantified by densitometry on Western blots for STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation. RESULTS MPG neurite length was significantly longer in ADSC than in PSMC-conditioned medium. CXCL5 was secreted eight times higher in ADSC than in PSMC-conditioned medium. Anti-CXCL5 antibody blocked the neurotrophic effects of ADSC-conditioned medium. CXCL5 activated JAK/STAT concentration-dependently from 0 to 50 ng/mL in RT4-D6P2T Schwann cells. At 50 ng/mL, CXCL5 activated JAK/STAT time-dependently, peaking at 45 minutes. AG490 blocked these activities as well as the neurotrophic effects of ADSC-conditioned medium. CONCLUSIONS CXCL5 was secreted by ADSC at a high level, promoted MPG neurite growth, and activated JAK/STAT in Schwann cells. CXCL5 may contribute to ADSC's therapeutic efficacy on CN injury-induced ED.
Statin Effects on LDL and HDL Cholesterol in South Asian and White Populations

Inasmuch as statins appear to exhibit altered efficacy in some Asian populations (predominantly East Asian), current lipid guidelines recommend the use of lower statin doses in all Asians. Whether this should also apply to South Asians, a population at high risk for coronary heart disease, remains unclear. The authors evaluated the lipid‐modifying effects of statins in South Asian and white patients with established coronary heart disease. Atorvastatin (median dose = 20 mg/d in both groups) produced similar decreases in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) in South Asian (43%) and white (41%) patients and raised high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c) by 19% in South Asians and by 12% in whites. Simvastatin (median dose = 20 mg/d in both groups) reduced LDL‐c by 35% in South Asians and by 37% in whites while raising HDL‐c by 12% in both groups. Using a multiple linear regression model (atorvastatin equivalent), the expected decrease in LDL‐c for 10 mg atorvastatin and 20 mg atorvastatin was similar between the groups. Results indicate that atorvastatin and simvastatin, at commonly prescribed doses, modulate LDL‐c and HDL‐c levels to a similar degree in both South Asians and whites with documented coronary heart disease. These findings suggest that South Asian patients may be treated with atorvastatin and simvastatin at doses typically applied to white patients.
Backus and gilbert method for vector fields

This report describes the theory of Backus and Gilbert with special emphasis for the case of vector fields as required for the solution of the electromagnetic inverse problem. A description of the method is presented with the detailed mathematical derivation of the coefficients that determine the solution for the retrieval of vector fields. Such derivation, to our knowledge, has never been reported in the literature. We also identify some crucial points that can (and had) lead to misuse of this solution and describe some disadvantages of this theory for the case of vector fields suggesting some alternatives to deal with them. Hum. Brain Mapping 7:161–165, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective harmonic elimination for a NPC converter using modified carrier signals

The Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) modulation scheme is a very useful method to eliminate some lower harmonics of the output signals in a NPC converter, but as it is an offline method its implementation in a system sometimes is very hard to do. Instead of use the SHE modulation, in this paper it is proposed an approximation of the SHE scheme to a carrier based modulation that is an easier method to implement in a power system.
History of Big Bang Cosmology , Part 6 : The Accelerating Universe , Dark Energy , and Einstein ' s Enigma

The Original Cosmological Constant As we have seen, in 1917 Einstein boldly launched modern cosmology by applying general relativity to the entire universe. He disposed of the Newtonian problem at infinity by invoking a closed geometry. [2] For his model to be consistent with contemporary astronomical data that suggested a static universe, Einstein reluctantly introduced an extra term that opposed gravity, a “cosmological constant” Λ > 0. It had to be small because its presence was not needed at galactic and smaller scales; in SI units, Λobs ≤ 10 -35 s-2. [7] To oppose gravity it exerts negative pressure,
A construction of non-binary WOM codes based on integer programming

In this paper, we propose a construction of non-binary WOM (Write-Once-Memory) codes for q-level WOM storages based on integer programming. The WOM codes discussed in this paper are fixed rate (n, q, M, t∗)-WOM codes where messages in an alphabet of size M can be sequentially written in n-cells at least t∗-times. The proposed construction has the two features. First, it possesses a systematic method to determine the encoding regions needed to construct the codes. Second, the proposed construction includes a labeling method for cell states by using integer programming. The novel WOM codes with n = 2 and M = 8 constructed by the proposed construction achieve the number of writes t<sup>∗</sup> that meets the known upper bound in the range 4 ≤ q ≤ 8. They are thus optimal in terms of the number of writes t<sup>∗</sup>. One of advantages of the proposed construction is flexibility. It can be used for high dimensional cases as well. For example, the new (n = 3,q = 7,M = 7,t∗ = 8)-WOM code provides larger t∗ than that of the known (3, 7, 7, 7)-WOM code.
A New Approach for English-Chinese Named Entity Alignment

Traditional word alignment approaches cannot come up with satisfactory results for Named Entities. In this paper, we propose a novel approach using a maximum entropy model for named entity alignment. To ease the training of the maximum entropy model, bootstrapping is used to help supervised learning. Unlike previous work reported in the literature, our work conducts bilingual Named Entity alignment without word segmentation for Chinese and its performance is much better than that with word segmentation. When compared with IBM and HMM alignment models, experimental results show that our approach outperforms IBM Model 4 and HMM significantly.
Learning Bilingual Word Representations by Marginalizing Alignments

We present a probabilistic model that simultaneously learns alignments and distributed representations for bilingual data. By marginalizing over word alignments the model captures a larger semantic context than prior work relying on hard alignments. The advantage of this approach is demonstrated in a cross-lingual classification task, where we outperform the prior published state of the art.
Efficient Kernel Machines Using the Improved Fast Gauss Transform

The computation and memory required for kernel machines with N training samples is at least O(N2). Such a complexity is significant even for moderate size problems and is prohibitive for large datasets. We present an approximation technique based on the improved fast Gauss transform to reduce the computation to O(N). We also give an error bound for the approximation, and provide experimental results on the UCI datasets.
Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications Computing Communities in Large Networks Using Random Walks

Dense subgraphs of sparse graphs (communities), which appear in most real-world complex networks, play an important role in many contexts. Computing them however is generally expensive. We propose here a measure of similarity between vertices based on random walks which has several important advantages: it captures well the community structure in a network, it can be computed efficiently, and it can be used in an ag-glomerative algorithm to compute efficiently the community structure of a network. We propose such an algorithm, called Walktrap, which runs in time O(mn 2) and space O(n 2) in the worst case, and in time O(n 2 log n) and space O(n 2) in most real-world cases (n and m are respectively the number of vertices and edges in the input graph). Extensive comparison tests show that our algorithm surpasses previously proposed ones concerning the quality of the obtained community structures and that it stands among the best ones concerning the running time.
Surface Microstructuring for controlled Drug Release in coronary Stents

This thesis introduces a novel type of electrochemical microstructuring for 316L stainless steel. The microstructuring methods were developed as a basis for a drug eluting coronary stent system. Coronary stents are used in order to dilate narrowed arteries. In order to prevent inflammation reactions, which lead to an excessive proliferation of cells and thus to a renarrowing of the artery, the new generation of stents are coated with drugs. The aim of this thesis was to create three dimensional microstructures on the surface as a basis for drug coatings. The microstructures are supposed to provide a protection for the drug during the implantation process and, moreover, control the release of the drug by providing microdepots retaining a certain amount of the drug. It was found that suitable microstructures can be generated by a combined etching method comprising a first electrochemical grain boundary etching step followed by an isotropic etching step. The first step is performed with nitric acid and creates a microgrid of narrow grain boundary furrows. These furrows are hollowed out by a second etching step, carried out either with phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid or oxalic acid. The generated structures were found to be superior or equal in terms of corrosion properties and cell proliferation behavior compared to conventional grit blasted stents. It was shown that the in vitro release behavior could be substantially decelerated, with up to three times more drug retention after the first week of release in comparison to grit blasted stents.
Does n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy increase the IQ of children at school age? Follow-up of a randomised controlled trial

Introduction Despite recommendations that pregnant women increase their docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake to support fetal brain development, a recent systematic review found a lack of high-quality data to support the long-term effects of DHA supplementation on children's neurodevelopment. Methods and analysis We will assess child neurodevelopment at 7 years of age in follow-up of a multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial of DHA supplementation in pregnancy. In 2010–2012, n=2399 Australian women with a singleton pregnancy <21 weeks’ gestation were randomised to receive 3 capsules daily containing a total dose of 800 mg DHA/day or a vegetable oil placebo until birth. N=726 children from Adelaide (all n=97 born preterm, random sample of n=630 born at term) were selected for neurodevelopmental follow-up and n=638 (preterm n=85) are still enrolled at 7 years of age. At the 7-year follow-up, a psychologist will assess the primary outcome, IQ, with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Second Edition. Specific measures of executive functioning (Fruit Stroop and the Rey Complex Figure), attention (Test of Everyday Attention for Children), memory and learning (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), language (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fourth Edition) and basic educational skills (Wide Range Achievement Test, Fourth Edition) will also be administered. Caregivers will be asked to complete questionnaires measuring behaviour and executive functioning. Families, clinicians and research personnel are blinded to group assignment with the exception of families who requested unblinding prior to the follow-up. All analyses will be conducted according to the intention-to-treat principal. Ethics and dissemination All procedures will be approved by the relevant institutional ethics committees prior to start of the study. The results of this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journal publications and academic presentations. Trial registration numbers ACTRN12605000569606 and ACTRN12614000770662.
MicroRNA-30a increases tight junction protein expression to suppress the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis by targeting Slug in breast cancer

The epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition is a prerequisite for conferring metastatic potential during tumor progression. microRNA-30a (miR-30a) expression was significantly lower in aggressive breast cancer cell lines compared with non-invasive breast cancer and non-malignant mammary epithelial cell lines. In contrast, miR-30a overexpression reversed the mesenchymal appearance of cancer cells to result in a cobblestone-like epithelial phenotype. We identified Slug, one of the master regulators of EMT, as a target of miR-30a using in silico prediction. Reporter assays indicated that miR-30a could bind to the 3′-untranslted region of Slug mRNA. Furthermore, we linked miR-30a to increased expression of claudins, a family of tight junction transmembrane proteins. An interaction between Slug and E-box in the claudin promoter sequences was reduced upon miR-30a overexpression, further leading to reduction of filopodia formation and decreased invasiveness/metastasis capabilities of breast cancer cells. Consistently, delivery of miR-30a in xenografted mice decreased tumor invasion and migration. In patients with breast cancer, a significantly elevated risk of the miR-30alow/CLDN2low/FSCNhigh genotype was observed, linking to a phenotypic manifestation of larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and advanced tumor stage among patients. In conclusion, the miR-30a/Slug axis inhibits mesenchymal tumor development by interfering with metastatic cancer cell programming and may be a potential target for therapy in breast cancer.
Whole cell kinetics of ureolysis by Sporosarcina pasteurii

Ureolysis drives microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). MICP models typically employ simplified urea hydrolysis kinetics that do not account for cell density, pH effect or product inhibition. Here, ureolysis rate studies with whole cells of Sporosarcina pasteurii aimed to determine the relationship between ureolysis rate and concentrations of (i) urea, (ii) cells, (iii) NH4+ and (iv) pH (H+ activity).
Establishment of reference localization system based on boundary recognition of wireless sensor network

Understanding the energy consumption of individual tasks in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is an important aspect for a network deployment. The fundamental task of WSNs is to gather data in the long-term manner. All additive processes such as routing and localization should not significantly affect the life time of the WSN. It was already proved that concurrent anchor free localization algorithms have great localization accuracy but also suffer from the high communication cost. We have performed a detailed analysis of a well-known AFL (Anchor-Free Localization) algorithm to show its excessive energy dissipation. We have proposed a novel BRL (Boundary Recognition aided localization) that significantly optimizes a communication cost of the selection of the reference nodes which are used for subsequent nodes localization. The main idea of the algorithm is to successfully identify the nodes lying on the boundary. Only these nodes subsequently cooperate in the reference nodes selection process and thus decrease the energy load of the network.
Tighter Bounds for Structured Estimation

Large-margin structured estimation methods minimize a convex upper bound of loss functions. While they allow for efficient optimization algorithms, these convex formulations are not tight and sacrifice the ability to accurately model the true loss. We present tighter non-convex bounds based on generalizing the notion of a ramp loss from binary classification to structured estimation. We show that a small modification of existing optimization algorithms suffices to solve this modified problem. On structured prediction tasks such as protein sequence alignment and web page ranking, our algorithm leads to improved accuracy.
Deciphering Dynamics of Epidemic Spread: The Case of Influenza Virus

In this paper, we have proposed and analyzed a simple model of Influenza spread with an asymptotic transmission rate. Existence and uniqueness of solutions are established and shown to be uniformly bounded for all non-negative initial values. We have also found a sufficient condition which ensures the persistence of the model system. This implies that both susceptible and infected will always coexist at any location of the inhabited domain. This coexistence is independent of values of the diffusivity constants for two subpopulations. The global stability of the endemic equilibrium is established by constructing a Lyapunov function. By linearizing the system at the positive constant steady-state solution and analyzing the associated characteristic equation, conditions for Hopf and Turing bifurcations are obtained. We have also studied the criteria for diffusion-driven instability caused by local random movements of both susceptible and infective subpopulations. Turing patterns selected by the reaction–diffusion system under zero flux boundary conditions have been explored. Numerical simulations show that contact rate, β which is related to the reproduction number , plays an important role in spatial pattern formation. It was found that diffusion has appreciable influence on spatial spread of epidemics. The wave of chaos appears to be a dominant mode of disease dispersal. This suggests a bidirectional spread for influenza epidemics. The epidemic propagates in the form of nonchaotic and chaotic waves as observed in H1N1 incidence data of positive tests in 2009 in the United States. We have conducted numerical simulations to confirm the analytic work and observed interesting behaviors. This suggests that influenza has a complex dynamics of spatial spread which evolves with time.
Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases by Chlamydocin Induces Apoptosis and Proteasome-Mediated Degradation of Survivin

The naturally occurring cyclic tetrapeptide chlamydocin is a very potent inhibitor of cell proliferation. Here we show that chlamydocin is a highly potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, inhibiting HDAC activity in vitro with an IC50 of 1.3 nM. Like other HDAC inhibitors, chlamydocin induces the accumulation of hyperacetylated histones H3 and H4 in A2780 ovarian cancer cells, increases the expression of p21cip1/waf1, and causes an accumulation of cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In addition, chlamydocin induces apoptosis by activating caspase-3, which in turn leads to the cleavage of p21cip1/waf1 into a 15-kDa breakdown product and drives cells from growth arrest into apoptosis. Concomitant with the activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of p21cip1/waf1, chlamydocin decreases the protein level of survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family that is selectively expressed in tumors. Although our data indicate a potential link between degradation of survivin and activation of the apoptotic pathway induced by HDAC inhibitors, stable overexpression of survivin does not suppress the activation of caspase-3 or cleavage of p21cip1/waf1 induced by chlamydocin treatment. The decrease of survivin protein level is mediated by degradation via proteasomes since it can be inhibited by specific proteasome inhibitors. Taken together, our results show that induction of apoptosis by chlamydocin involves caspase-dependent cleavage of p21cip1/waf1, which is strikingly associated with proteasome-mediated degradation of survivin.