Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowing and Interpreting Prekindergarten Policy: A Bakhtinian Analysis.

Many state-funded prekindergarten (preK) programs are implemented through school-community partnerships, which has been promoted as a way to increase preK access, to meet the needs of families, and to ensure program quality (Schumacher, Ewen, Hart, & Lombardi, 2005). In spite of the potential benefits of such partnerships, there are also challenges to bringing together the K-12 and ECE systems (McCabe & Sipple, 2011). In this paper I use Bakhtin’s (1981) notions of authoritative and internally persuasive discourse to analyze the discourse that staff members at a Lakeville, Wisconsin, ECE partner site used to situate their approach to assessment in opposition to state and district assessment policy. ECE partner site staff drew on their institution’s long history and strong sense of best practice in early education to characterize required preK assessments as unnecessary, too aligned with the elementary grades, and a duplication of other approaches to assessment that they valued. Yet, even as they resisted the assessments, ECE partners’ internally persuasive discourse shifted slightly over time; staff members conceded that some aspects of the assessment policy had a positive effect on their program. This discursive analysis provides insight into some of the challenges associated with bringing together the ECE and K-12 systems. It points to the need for policy to address the particular challenges faced by ECE partners as they encounter new mandates in public preK and for the need to ensure that partnerships are characterized by mutual understanding.
Understanding Entrepreneurial Achievement Motivation through Big Five Personality Factors: A Study of Students Pursuing Professional Education

Entrepreneurial growth can be accelerated by understanding what makes a would-be entrepreneur. This study is an attempt to understand Big Five personality factors of students pursuing professional education and their entrepreneurial achievement motivation. In this study 133 university students from Delhi NCR were surveyed to examine the relationship between their entrepreneurial achievement motivation and Big Five personality traits. The study shows that the entrepreneurial achievement motivation is a function of conscientiousness among Big Five personality dimensions. Our research suggests that creating a structured environment with clear policies may encourage students to be organized, disciplined, and proactive about learning and being an entrepreneur.
Identification of Inappropriately Reprogrammed Genes by Large-Scale Transcriptome Analysis of Individual Cloned Mouse Blastocysts

Although cloned embryos generated by somatic/embryonic stem cell nuclear transfer (SECNT) certainly give rise to viable individuals, they can often undergo embryonic arrest at any stage of embryogenesis, leading to diverse morphological abnormalities. In an effort to gain further insights into reprogramming and the properties of SECNT embryos, we performed a large-scale gene expression profiling of 87 single blastocysts using GeneChip microarrays. Sertoli cells, cumulus cells, and embryonic stem cells were used as donor cells. The gene expression profiles of 87 blastocysts were subjected to microarray analysis. Using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering, the gene expression profiles were clearly classified into 3 clusters corresponding to the type of donor cell. The results revealed that each type of SECNT embryo had a unique gene expression profile that was strictly dependent upon the type of donor cells, although there was considerable variation among the individual profiles within each group. This suggests that the reprogramming process is distinct for embryos cloned from different types of donor cells. Furthermore, on the basis of the results of comparison analysis, we identified 35 genes that were inappropriately reprogrammed in most of the SECNT embryos; our findings demonstrated that some of these genes, such as Asz1, Xlr3a and App, were appropriately reprogrammed only in the embryos with a transcriptional profile that was the closest to that of the controls. Our findings provide a framework to further understand the reprogramming in SECNT embryos.
Predicting Relationship Satisfaction in Romantic and Non-Romantic Dyads: The Impact of Attachment Style and Partner Behaviors

The social support literature has a primary focus on the impact of objective partner behaviors on both relationship quality and the well-being of each partner. In contrast, the adult attachment literature stresses the relational impact of key intrapsychic processes. Very little research attention, however, has been accorded to the interrelationships that may exist between attachment style and social support. The present study, therefore, examines the relative contributions of attachment style and partner behaviors on reported relationship satisfaction, as well as the manner in which these contributions may differ across different relationship types – romantic dyads, friendships, and familial relationships. Participants were recruited from the popular crowd-sourcing website, Amazon Mechanical Turk, and structural equation modeling was employed to analyze hypothesized causal and mediational pathways. Attachment style and partner behaviors were each significantly associated with relationship satisfaction, with partner behaviors appearing to partially mediate the relationship between attachment style and relationship satisfaction. In general, avoidant attachment was more strongly associated with adverse partner behaviors – and with reduced relationship satisfaction – than was anxious attachment. However, the pattern of such effects varied somewhat across relationship type, with avoidant attachment being strongly predictive of negative partner behaviors only within the context of romantic relationships. Moreover, only relationship satisfaction with a romantic partner (as opposed to friend or family member) was predictive of life satisfaction. These findings are generally consistent with previous research indicating that attachment style and partner supportive behaviors each impact relationship satisfaction, yet they suggest a differential importance of attachment style and partner behaviors across different types of relationships.
Exploring the potential of contemplative pedagogy in health professional education

Introduction: Although interest in and use of contemplative pedagogy is growing, particularly in the US, its potential to contribute to current dialogues about higher education and, in particular, the development of education for health professionals has not received much attention. The aim of this paper is to introduce contemplative pedagogy to educators working within health professional education so that the merits of such an approach can be more extensively debated. What is contemplative pedagogy? The aim of contemplative pedagogy is the development of students? first-person experience of knowing as a counterbalance and compliment to the objective, third-person, didactic approach, which dominates higher education. Through contemplative practice, students? learning becomes connected to their own sense of meaning and personal values. I start by exploring the concept of contemplative pedagogy. Examples of contemplative practices are briefly introduced so that the reader can better envisage how contemplation can be introduced into the classroom. Discussion and conclusions: I argue that contemplative pedagogy could help overcome the gap between theory and practice and assist educators in equipping students to care compassionately and effectively in dynamic and demanding healthcare contexts. I finish by emphasising the need for more research to investigate the efficacy of incorporating contemplative pedagogy in the education of health professionals.
Bioaccumulation Of Trace Metals In Water, Sediment And Crab (Callinectes) From Sombreiro River, Niger Delta, Nigeria.

Thetrace metal burden in surface water, sub-tidal sediment and edible crab - Callinectes in the lower (brackish/ sea water) reaches of the Sombreiro River was studied over a three month period. Sediments had a higher concentration of metals than water, with the concentration ranging from 0.022±0.006 - 340.66±106.21mg/kg and 0.002±0.001 - 0.99±0.104 mg/l respectively. It was revealed that Callinectes from the study area bioaccumulates all the heavy metals investigated from water and Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn from sediment. The concentration of all the heavy metals under investigation- Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb and Zn were below their stated limits in water and sediment, however, the metal body load of Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the tissue of Callinectes were above their stated limits, as such its consumption poses a health risk to consumers.
Overcoming Endpoint Bias in Climate Change Communication: The Case of Arctic Sea Ice Trends

ABSTRACT Unusually cold winters, a slowing in upward global temperatures, or an increase in Arctic sea ice extent are often falsely cast as here-and-now disconfirmation of the scientific consensus on climate change. Such conclusions are examples of “end point bias,” the well documented psychological tendency to interpret a recent short-term fluctuation as a reversal of a long-term trend. End point bias poses a challenge to those trying to communicate cross-decade climate warming trends. In this study, we demonstrate that exposure to misleading scientific information on FoxNews.com that evokes end point bias can affect the beliefs of liberals and moderates as well as conservatives. We also show that the leveraging-involving-visualizing-analogizing communication model can reduce the effects of endpoint bias among moderates and liberals at the same time as it dampens both the ideological and endpoint biasing of conservatives.
Scholarly Communication in AERA Journals, 1931 to 2014

Scientific disciplines build on social structures, such as scholarly associations and scholarly journals, that facilitate the formation of communities of specialists. Analyses of such social structures can thus also be used to shed light on the morphogenesis of scientific specializations. The authors analyze how two journals of the American Educational Research Association, the Review of Educational Research and the American Educational Research Journal, organized communication around education in the period between 1931 and 2014. The authors focus on three interrelated aspects: (a) the changing structures of authority and authorship, (b) the national-versus-global orientation of these journals and of the association, and (c) the features of the citation networks of both journals and the ties between education research and other fields of research, especially psychology and sociology. The authors’ analyses of these interrelated aspects of the communication process enable them to provide an outline of the morphology of the community of education researchers and to raise reflectivity about the social conditions that control education research.
Proving as a Computable Procedure

Godel's incompleteness theorem states that every finitely-presented, consistent, sound theory which is strong enough to include arithmetic is incomplete. In this paper we present elementary proofs for three axiomatic variants of Godel's incompleteness theorem and we use them (a) to illustrate the idea that there is more than "complete vs. incomplete" there are degrees of incompleteness, and (b) to discuss the implications of incompleteness and computer-assisted proofs for Hilbert's Programme. We argue that the impossibility of carrying out Hilbert's Programme is a thesis and has a similar status to the Church-Turing thesis.
How Data Use for Accountability Undermines Equitable Science Education.

Purpose When school leaders advance strategic plans focused on improving educational equity through data-driven decision making, how do policies-as-practiced unfold in the daily work of science teachers? The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This ethnographic study examines how data-centric accountability and improvement efforts surface as practices for 36 science teachers in three secondary schools. For two years, researchers were embedded in schools alongside teachers moving through daily classroom practice, meetings with colleagues and leaders, data-centric meetings, and professional development days. Findings Bundled initiatives created consequences for science educators including missed opportunities to capitalize on student-generated ideas, to foster science sensemaking, and to pursue meaningful and equitable science learning. Problematic policy-practice intersections arose, in part, because of school leaders’ framing of district and school initiatives in ways that undermined equity in science education. Practical implications From the perspective of science education, this paper raises an alarming problem for equitable science teaching. Lessons learned from missteps seen in this study have practical implications for others attempting similar work. The paper suggests alternatives for supporting meaningful and equitable science education. Originality/value Seeing leaders’ framing of policy initiatives, their bundling of performance goals, equity and accountability efforts, and their instructional coaching activities from the point of view of teachers affords unique insight into how leadership activities mediate policies in schools.
Exploring school stress in middle childhood: interpretations, experiences, and coping

Abstract With increased academic and social challenges at school, middle childhood can be a particularly stressful time. The present study explored how a sample of children from a supportive learning environment interpreted, experienced and reported coping with everyday stress at school. Using a phenomenological approach, third graders attending an elementary school in the United States participated in semi-structured interviews in which they could discuss the nature of stress, stressful moments at school, and their responses to different situations. Despite nearly optimal learning conditions, child reports included a range of school stressors. Children’s interpretations of ‘stress’ seemed inextricably linked to their learning and social obstacles at school; those daily experiences were further linked to coping strategies. The discussion section emphasises the importance of understanding how children interpret and report stress and coping, and how pastoral care can support young students.
Does the mismatch negativity operate on a consciously accessible memory trace?

A change-related component of the auditory evoked response long thought to be preattentive and preconscious may actually require consciousness. The extent to which the contents of short-term memory are consciously accessible is a fundamental question of cognitive science. In audition, short-term memory is often studied via the mismatch negativity (MMN), a change-related component of the auditory evoked response that is elicited by violations of otherwise regular stimulus sequences. The prevailing functional view of the MMN is that it operates on preattentive and even preconscious stimulus representations. We directly examined the preconscious notion of the MMN using informational masking and magnetoencephalography. Spectrally isolated and otherwise suprathreshold auditory oddball sequences were occasionally random rendered inaudible by embedding them in random multitone masker “clouds. ” Despite identical stimulation/task contexts and a clear representation of all stimuli in auditory cortex, MMN was only observed when the preceding regularity (that is, the standard stream) was consciously perceived. The results call into question the preconscious interpretation of MMN and raise the possibility that it might index partial awareness in the absence of overt behavior.
Near-Infrared Observations of the Extremely Red Object Cl 0939+4713B: An Old Galaxy at z ∼ 1.58?

Near-infrared imaging and spectroscopic observations of the extremely red object Cl 0939+4713B (R-K ∼ 7 mag) have been obtained with the Near Infrared Camera on the Keck I Telescope of the W. M. Keck Observatory. The imaging shows a slightly elongated structure, while the spectroscopy shows a continuum break that allows us to determine a redshift of z = 1.58 for this system. The fits of a range of models to the infrared spectrum suggest that it is predominantly an old (>109 yr) stellar system that suffers little extinction, while the measured R and I magnitudes suggest an age of ∼3 × 108 yr. The limit on the equivalent width of any emission line in the infrared spectrum suggests that Cl 0939+4713B is not an actively star-forming galaxy. This system, though similar in R-K color to the object HR 10 (also known as J1645+46), is much different in morphology and emission-line strengths, demonstrating the heterogeneity of extremely red extragalactic objects selected on the basis of large R-K values.
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Ampliﬁcation for Rickettsia typhi (the Causal Agent of Murine Typhus): Problems with Diagnosis at the Limit of Detection

Murine typhus is a ﬂea-borne disease of worldwide distribution caused by Rickettsia typhi . Although treatment with tetracycline antibiotics is effective, treatment is often misguided or delayed due to diagnostic difﬁculties. As the gold standard immunoﬂuorescence assay is imperfect, we aimed to develop and evaluate a loop-mediated isothermal ampliﬁcation (LAMP) assay. LAMP assays have the potential to fulﬁll the WHO ASSURED criteria (affordable, sensitive, speciﬁc, user friendly, robust and rapid, equipment free, deliverable to those who need them) for diagnostic methodologies, as they can detect pathogen-derived nucleic acid with low technical expenditure. The LAMP assay was developed using samples of bacterial isolates ( n (cid:2) 41), buffy coat specimens from R. typhi PCR-positive Lao patients ( n (cid:2) 42), and diverse negative controls ( n (cid:2) 47). The method was then evaluated prospectively using consecutive patients with suspected scrub typhus or murine typhus ( n (cid:2) 266). The limit of detection was (cid:2) 40 DNA copies/LAMP reaction, with an analytical sensitivity of < 10 DNA copies/reaction based on isolate dilutions. Despite these low cutoffs, the clinical sensitivity was disappointing, with 48% (95% conﬁdence interval [95% CI], 32.5 to 62.7%) (speci-ﬁcity, 100% [95% CI, 100 to 100%]) in the developmental phase and 33% (95% CI, 9.2 to 56.8%) (speciﬁcity, 98.5% [95% CI, 97.0% to 100%]) in the prospective study. This low diagnostic accuracy was attributed to low patient R. typhi bacterial loads (median, 210 DNA copies/ml blood; interquartile range, 130 to 500). PCR-positive but LAMP-negative samples demonstrated signiﬁcantly lower bacterial loads than LAMP-positive samples. Our ﬁndings highlight the diagnostic challenges for diseases with low pathogen burdens and emphasize the need to integrate pathogen biology with improved template production for assay development strategies.
Contexts and embeddings for closed shallow action graphs

Action calculi, which have a graphical presentation, were introduced to develop a theory shared among different calculi for interactive systems. The -calculus, the -calculus, Petri nets, the Ambient calculus and others may all be represented as action calculi. This paper develops a part of the shared theory. A recent paper by two of the authors was concerned with the notion of reactive system, essentially a category of process contexts whose behaviour is presented as a reduction relation. It was shown that one can, for any reactive system, uniformly derive a labelled transition system whose associated behavioural equivalence relations (e.g. trace equivalence or bisimilarity) will be congruential, under the condition that certain relative pushouts exist in the reactive system. In the present paper we treat closed, shallow action calculi (those with no free names and no nested actions) as a generic application of these results. We define a category of action graphs and embeddings, closely linked to a category of contexts which forms a reactive system. This connection is of independent interest; it also serves our present purpose, as it enables us to demonstrate that appropriate relative pushouts exist. Complemented by work to be reported elsewhere, this demonstration yields labelled transition systems with behavioural congruences for a substantial class of action calculi. We regard this work as a step towards comparable results for the full class.
Resource Allocation and Contract Resolution in the Spanish Bankruptcy System

In this study we analyze the factors which, once a bankruptcy procedure begins in Spain, explain the results observed after the re-negotiation of the contracts between the debtor and the creditors. The multinomial logit model is used in order to specify the functional relationship between the financial characteristics of the firm and the outcomes observed in the bankruptcy system: a) restructuring; b) failed attempts to restructure which end in dismissal; and c) liquidations. The evidence (159 bankrupt firms have been included in the study) suggests that the processes of reassignment are not simply the result of chance, but rather that they result from a decision-making process where information which is contained in the financial statements is taken into account (the cases of liquidation reflect a greater deterioration in terms of historical trajectory of profits, measured by the reserves, as well as by a lesser capacity of the current generation of resources). Additionally, we connect to the corporate finance approach to contracts as a guide for analyzing the restructuring agreements agreed upon between the debtor and the non-privileged (also called ordinary) creditors. The results indicate that, the non-privileged creditors renounce a very significant part of the value of the debt and that there exists a positive relationship between the economic quality of the firm and the collection expectations by the creditors. Finally, the possibility that the creditors exercise ex post control over the managers is not foreseen.
Simulations of parametric response of bridge stay cables

In this paper, nonlinear implicit finite element analyses are used to explore parametric excitation of a bridge stay cable resulting from cyclic motion of the deck. Parametric excitation is excitation of a cable mode with deck motion at near twice the frequency of the excited mode. Third-mode parametric frequency response curves are consistently predicted when the finite element mesh is sufficiently small. With low damping, large-amplitude parametric response develops quickly. Reaction moments at the deck and tower increase by a factor of two when large-amplitude motion ensues from parametric excitation.