Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No improvement in suboptimal vitamin A status with a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin A supplementation in children with sickle cell disease.

BACKGROUND Suboptimal vitamin A status is prevalent in children with type SS sickle cell disease (SCD-SS) and is associated with hospitalizations and poor growth and hematologic status. The supplemental vitamin A dose that optimizes suboptimal vitamin A status in this population is unknown. OBJECTIVE The efficacy of Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) doses (based on age and sex) of vitamin A (300, 400, or 600 μg retinyl palmitate/d) or vitamin A + zinc (10 or 20 mg zinc sulfate/d) compared with placebo to optimize vitamin A status was assessed in children aged 2.0-12.9 y with SCD-SS and a suboptimal baseline serum retinol concentration (<30 μg/dL). DESIGN In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, vitamin A status (serum retinol, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, and relative-dose-response test) and disease-related illness events were assessed. RESULTS Twelve months of vitamin A supplementation at the doses recommended for healthy US children (based on age and sex) failed to improve serum retinol values in either group (vitamin A: n = 23; vitamin A + zinc: n = 18) compared with placebo (n = 21). By 12 mo, the increase (±SD) in serum retinol (3.6 ± 2.8 μg/dL) in those taking 600 μg vitamin A/d was significantly different from the decrease (±SD; -2.8 ± 2.4 μg/dL) in those taking 300 μg/d, which possibly suggests a dose-response relation (P < 0.05) with RDA doses. CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo, 12 mo of vitamin A supplementation at the RDA for healthy children did not improve serum retinol values in children with SCD-SS, which possibly suggests that higher doses are needed. However, the existence of alternative conclusions emphasizes the need for future research.
Evaluation of fetal serum thiol/disulphide homeostasis in deliveries complicated by nuchal cord

Abstract Aim: To investigate the serum thiol/disulphide homeostasis in deliveries complicated by nuchal cord (NC) and to compare the results with healthy deliveries (without NC). Methods: This prospective controlled study included 48 pregnant women complicated by NC and 48 similar gestational aged healthy pregnant women during labor. Fetal umbilical cord serum samples were collected during labor and the thiol/disulphide homeostasis was measured by using an automated assay method. The patients were followed up until end of the delivery and perinatal outcomes were recorded. Results: Fetal umbilical cord native thiol, total thiol, and disulphide levels as well as disulphide/native thiol and disulphide/total thiol ratios are impaired in labor with the presence of NC. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of maternal and gestational age at delivery and maternal number of gravida and parity, fetal gender, fifth Apgar scores <7, mode of delivery and fetal birth weight between groups. The group of patients with NC had higher emergency C/S numbers indicated for fetal distress and lower first Apgar scores <7. There were no neonatal intensive care unit admissions among these babies. Conclusions: Maternal serum thiol/disulphide homeostasis reflect transient effects of NC during labor regardless of labor type. Vaginal delivery can be safely and successfully performed in pregnancies complicated with NC.
Spatial Variation in the Twinning Rate in Sweden, 1751–1850

Abstract Strong geographical variations in the twinning rate have been presented in the literature. In general, the rate is high among people of African origin, intermediate among Europeans and low among most Asiatic populations. In Europe, a progressive increase has occurred in the twinning rate from south to north, with a minimum around the Basque provinces. The highest twinning rates in Europe have been found among Nordic populations with the exception of the Saamis (Lapps). Within larger populations, some small isolated subpopulations have been identified to have extreme, mainly high, twinning rates. In this study, we investigated the regional variation of the twinning rate in Sweden. We analysed twinning rates for different counties for the period 1751–1850. From the middle of the 19th century, the environmental and genetic differences have decreased and the regional twinning rates have converged towards a common decreased level. The models applied have the geographical coordinates as regressors. The optimal model for the twinning rate has the longitude, the latitude and their product as regressors, indicating both horizontal and vertical trends. According to this model, the maximum twinning rate in Sweden is located in the eastern part of central Sweden, mainly on the island of Gotland and in the counties around Stockholm. Relatively low twinning rates are seen in the western and northern parts of Sweden.
News text classification model based on topic model

In modern society, some famous news websites such as Sina and Times server to provide information every day for millions of users. But with the continuous development of information technology, the amount of disorder data is increasing. How to organize the text and make automatically text classification has become a challenge. The traditional manual classification of news text not only consumes a lot of human and financial resources, but also hardly achieved classification task quickly. In this paper, the paper mainly makes a research about the news text classification. It proposes a news text classification model based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Due to the dimension of the news texts is too high, this model uses topic model to make text dimension reduced and get features. At the same time, the paper also makes a research on Softmax regression algorithm to solve multi-class of text problems in our life and make it as model's classifier. The paper evaluates proposed model on a real news dataset and the result of the experiment shows the improved model performs relatively well. The model can effectively reduce the features dimension of the news text and get good classification results.
Personality and comorbidity of common psychiatric disorders

Background We know little about the degree to which comorbidity, so commonly seen among psychiatric disorders, arises from variation in normal personality. Aims To study the degree to which variation in normal personality accounts for the comorbidity of eight common psychiatric and substance use disorders. Method Internalising disorders (major depression, generalised anxiety and panic disorders, phobias), externalising disorders (alcohol and drug dependence, anti-social personality and conduct disorders) and personality dimensions of neuroticism, extraversion and novelty seeking were assessed in 7588 participants from a population-based twin registry. The proportion of comorbidity explained by each personality dimension was calculated using structural equation modelling. Results Neuroticism accounted for the highest proportion of comorbidity within internalising disorders (20–45%) and between internalising and externalising disorders (19–88%). Variation in neuroticism and novelty seeking each accounted for a modest proportion (10–12% and 7–14%, respectively) of the comorbidity within externalising disorders. Extraversion contributed negligibly Conclusions High neuroticism appears to be a broad vulnerability factor for comorbid psychiatric disorders. Novelty seeking is modestly important for comorbid externalising disorders.
Jaws and Dental Panoramic Radiographic Findings in the Elderly in Kerman, Iran

1 Associate Professor of Oral Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran. 2 Associate Professor of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Radiology, Dental School, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran. 3 Dentist, Dental School, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran. International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Science (IJDOS) ISSN: 2377-8075
Introducing Two Vietnamese Datasets for Evaluating Semantic Models of (Dis-)Similarity and Relatedness

We present two novel datasets for the low-resource language Vietnamese to assess models of semantic similarity: ViCon comprises pairs of synonyms and antonyms across word classes, thus offering data to distinguish between similarity and dissimilarity. ViSim-400 provides degrees of similarity across five semantic relations, as rated by human judges. The two datasets are verified through standard co-occurrence and neural network models, showing results comparable to the respective English datasets.
Development of Evidence-Based Surveillance Intervals After Radiofrequency Ablation of Barrett's Esophagus.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Barrett's esophagus (BE) recurs in 25% or more of patients treated successfully with radiofrequency ablation (RFA), so surveillance endoscopy is recommended after complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CEIM). The frequency of surveillance is informed only by expert opinion. We aimed to model the incidence of neoplastic recurrence, validate the model in an independent cohort, and propose evidence-based surveillance intervals. METHODS We collected data from the United States Radiofrequency Ablation Registry (US RFA, 2004-2013) and the United Kingdom National Halo Registry (UK NHR, 2007-2015) to build and validate models to predict the incidence of neoplasia recurrence after initially successful RFA. We developed 3 categories of risk and modeled intervals to yield 0.1% risk of recurrence with invasive adenocarcinoma. We fit Cox proportional hazards models assessing discrimination by C statistic and 95% confidence limits. RESULTS The incidence of neoplastic recurrence was associated with most severe histologic grade before CEIM, age, endoscopic mucosal resection, sex, and baseline BE segment length. In multivariate analysis, a model based solely on most severe pre-CEIM histology predicted neoplastic recurrence with a C statistic of 0.892 (95% confidence limit, 0.863-0.921) in the US RFA registry. This model also performed well when we used data from the UK NHR. Our model divided patients into 3 risk groups based on baseline histologic grade: non-dysplastic BE; indefinite for dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia; or intramucosal adenocarcinoma. For patients with low-grade dysplasia, we propose surveillance endoscopy at 1 and 3 years after CEIM; for patients with high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal adenocarcinoma, we propose surveillance endoscopy at 0.25, 0.5, and 1 year after CEIM, then annually. CONCLUSION In analyses of data from the US RFA and UK NHR for BE, a much-attenuated schedule of surveillance endoscopy would provide protection from invasive adenocarcinoma. Adherence to the recommended surveillance intervals could decrease the number of endoscopies performed yet identify unresectable cancers at rates less than 1/1000 endoscopies.
A construct divided: prosocial behavior as helping, sharing, and comforting subtypes

The development and maintenance of prosocial, other-oriented behaviors has been of considerable recent interest. Though it is clear that prosocial behaviors emerge early and play a uniquely important role in the social lives of humans, there is less consensus regarding the mechanisms that underlie and maintain these fundamental acts. The goal of this paper is to clarify inconsistencies in our understanding of the early emergence and development of prosocial behavior by proposing a taxonomy of prosocial behavior anchored in the social-cognitive constraints that underlie the ability to act on behalf of others. I will argue that within the general domain of prosocial behavior, other-oriented actions can be categorized into three distinct types (helping, sharing, and comforting) that reflect responses to three distinct negative states (instrumental need, unmet material desire, and emotional distress). In support of this proposal, I will demonstrate that the three varieties of prosocial behavior show unique ages of onset, uncorrelated patterns of production, and distinct patterns of individual differences. Importantly, by differentiating specific varieties of prosocial behavior within the general category, we can begin to explain inconsistencies in the past literature and provide a framework for directing future research into the ontogenetic origins of these essential social behaviors.
On the popularity of the USB flash drive-shaped electronic cigarette Juul

Introduced in mid 2015, Juul is currently the most popular electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) with a market share of 49.6% (last four weeks as of 27 January 2018) and year-over-year growth of over 700% based on Nielsen market data.1 Juul is a compact closed system device charged via USB (figure 1) and comes with disposable flavoured pods each of which contains 0.7 mL with 5% nicotine by weight. Each pod is nearly equivalent to one pack of cigarettes or 200 puffs according to official Juul documentation (from http://www.juulvapor.com), which also states that Juul is specifically ‘designed with smokers in mind’ and is ‘for adult smokers seeking a satisfying alternative to cigarettes’. To order Juul online, age verification (+21 years) is required and implemented through a third-party verification service provider. The purpose of this letter is to describe initial observations of recent Juul-related messages on two different social networks (Twitter and Reddit) and traditional media. Figure 1 (A) Juul device as it fits in a palm (courtesy: UW Daily). (B) Juul connected to a MacBook Air via a USB charger (courtesy: Juul Labs website). We collected 250 873 tweets mentioning the word ‘juul’ and its variants ‘juuling’ and ‘juuled’ from 19 October 2017 and 14 February 2018 using Twitter’s free-streaming API service. Due to rate limits imposed by Twitter Inc. on free data collection using their API, this dataset does not represent an exhaustive set of tweets matching our keywords during that period. This is also a filtered set and excludes tweets generated by organisations and users whose user name contains ‘juul’ (potentially part of their actual name). Only a third of the data (84 729 tweets) represent unique tweets, the rest arising from the retweet mechanism. The duplicates from the top 10 retweeted messages account for 29% of the full dataset (72 521 retweets). Next, we make some observations …
Coparenting in the Family of Origin and New Parents’ Couple Relationship Functioning

To better understand the long-term implications of coparenting quality for adult child outcomes, we examined the associations between coparenting quality in the family of origin (Generation 1; G1), and attachment avoidance and anxiety and perceived relationship functioning of new parents (Generation 2; G2) using a dyadic approach. Dual-earner families expecting their first child (n = 182) were followed across the transition to parenthood and assessed at the third trimester of pregnancy (3T) and 9 months after childbirth (9M). At 3T, parents reported on the coparenting quality in their families of origin, and attachment avoidance and anxiety. At 9M, the participants reported their perceptions of couple relationship functioning—dyadic adjustment and negative interaction. We found that at 9M, G1’s coparenting quality predicted not only G2’s own perceptions but also G2’s partners’ perceptions of relationship functioning. Further, mediational analyses showed that parents’ G1 coparenting quality was associated with higher G2 self- and partner-perceived dyadic adjustment and lower G2 self-perceived negative interaction through G2 parents’ lower attachment anxiety and avoidance. G1 coparenting quality was negatively associated with G2 partner-perceived negative interaction through G2 parents’ lower attachment anxiety. Our findings suggest that coparenting relationships have long-term implications for human development even into adulthood.
Hierarchical Variational Memory Network for Dialogue Generation

Dialogue systems help various real applications interact with humans in an intelligent natural way. In dialogue systems, the task of dialogue generation aims to generate utterances given previous utterances as contexts. Among various spectrums of dialogue generation approaches, end-to-end neural generation models have received an increase of attention. These end-to-end neural generation models are capable of generating natural-sounding sentences with a unified neural encoder-decoder network structure. The end-to-end structure sequentially encodes each word in an input context and generates the response word-by-word deterministically during decoding. However, lack of variation and limited ability in capturing long-term dependencies between utterances still challenge existing approaches. In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical variational memory network (HVMN), by adding the hierarchical structure and the variational memory network into a neural encoder-decoder network. By emulating human-to-human dialogues, our proposed method can capture both the high-level abstract variations and long-term memories during dialogue tracking, which enables the random access of relevant dialogue histories. Extensive experiments conducted on three large real-world datasets verify a significant improvement of our proposed model against state-of-the-art baselines for dialogue generation.
Fear and the Safety Net: Evidence from Secure Communities

We study the effects of Secure Communities, an immigration enforcement program that dramatically increased interior removals of Hispanic non-citizens from the United States, on participation in means-tested social insurance programs among co-ethnic citizens. Exploiting county-level variation in the roll-out of enforcement together with its ethnic-specificity, we find that Hispanic-headed citizen households significantly reduced their participation in two large federal safety net programs. Our results are most consistent with network effects that propagate fear through minority communities rather than stigma or lack of benefit information.
[Nucleotide polymorphism rs4880 of the SOD2 gene and the risk of male infertility].

Objective To investigate the correlation of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4880 of the superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene with the risk of male infertility. METHODS This casecontrol study included 519 male patients with idiopathic infertility (aged 19－40 ［28.93±4.93］ years) in the case group and 338 fertile men (aged 19－40 ［28.40±4.25］ years) in the control group. We collected the clinical data, genotyped the SNP rs4880 of the SOD2 gene by Sequenom Mass Array, and analyzed the association of different genotypes with male infertility using the logistic regression model. RESULTS Statically significant differences were observed between the case and control groups in the level of folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) (［4.72±2.51］ vs ［15.65±17.24］ U/L, P< 0.01), the percentage of progressively mobile sperm (［9.12±13.5］ vs ［41.95±9.03］%, P< 0.01), and sperm concentration (［12.95±24.38］ vs ［72.88±45.60］ ×106/ml, P< 0.01), but not in other parameters. No correlation was found between male infertility and the heterozygous genotype TC (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.65－1.25, P = 0.516) or the homozygous genotype CC (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 0.38－5.81, P = 0.566) as compared with the wild genotype TT, and similar results were obtained in the analysis of the subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The SNP rs4880 of the SOD2 gene was not correlated with male infertility, which, however, is to be supported by further studies with larger samples from more areas.
Factors Influencing Attitudes towards People Living with HIV/AIDS in Zambia: Does HIV Testing Matter?

Background: In spite of the increase in the number of people testing for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) remains one of the major obstacles in the fight against HIV/AIDS. This paper examines the factors that influence HIV testing in Zambia and looks into detail whether testing for HIV reduces stigma and discrimination against PLWH. Methods: The data used in this paper were drawn from the 2005 Zambia Sexual Behaviour Survey conducted by MEASURE Evaluation and the Central Statistical Office, Zambia. This is a nationally representative survey whose main objective is to obtain national estimates on a number of key indicators important for monitoring progress of the national HIV/AIDS/STDs programme. The study was conducted among women aged 15-49 years and among men aged 15-59. Our analysis is based on 3,982 men and women aged 15-49 years. Results: Results show that HIV testing is not the most significant factor in inculcating tolerant attitudes towards PLWH. The most influential factors are level of education and knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Multivariate results also show that respondents who are young, from Nyanja-speaking ethnic groups, with low HIV/AIDS knowledge levels, less than secondary education, and those with high risk sexual behaviour had lower odd-logs of having more than less tolerant attitudes towards PLWH. On the other hand, health workers and those from Region 1, and males who had ever tested for HIV had higher odd-logs of having more than less tolerant attitudes towards PLWH. Conclusions: This paper demonstrates that HIV testing alone is not the most influential factor towards achievement of positive attitudes towards PLWH. Ideally, apart from learning about one’s status, a person who has undergone the counselling process during testing should also have more tolerant attitudes towards people infected with HIV. Therefore, there is need to ensure that counselling is emphasised before and after testing for HIV in order to change attitudes towards PLWH.
Unidirectional hybridization and reproductive barriers between two heterostylous primrose species in north-west Yunnan, China.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Heteromorphy in flowers has a profound effect on breeding patterns within a species, but little is known about how it affects reproductive barriers between species. The heterostylous genus Primula is very diverse in the Himalaya region, but hybrids there have been little researched. This study examines in detail a natural hybrid zone between P. beesiana and P. bulleyana. METHODS Chloroplast sequencing, AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers and morphological comparisons were employed to characterize putative hybrids in the field, using synthetic F1s from hand pollination as controls. Pollinator visits to parent species and hybrids were observed in the field. Hand pollinations were conducted to compare pollen tube growth, seed production and seed viability for crosses involving different morphs, species and directions of crossing. KEY RESULTS Molecular data revealed all hybrid derivatives examined to be backcrosses of first or later generations towards P. bulleyana: all had the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of this species. Some individuals had morphological traits suggesting they were hybrids, but they were genetically similar to P. bulleyana; they might have been advanced generation backcrosses. Viable F1s could not be produced with P. bulleyana pollen on P. beesiana females, irrespective of the flower morphs used. Within-morph crosses for each species had very low (<10 %) seed viability, whereas crosses between pin P. bulleyana (female) and pin P. beesiana had a higher seed viability of 30 %. Thus genetic incompatibility mechanisms back up mechanical barriers to within-morph crosses in each species, but are not the same between the two species. The two species share their main pollinators, and pollinators were observed to fly between P. bulleyana and hybrids, suggesting that pollinator behaviour may not be an important isolating factor. CONCLUSIONS Hybridization is strongly asymmetric, with P. bulleyana the only possible mother and all detected hybrids being backcrosses in this direction. Partial ecological isolation and inhibition of heterospecific pollen, and possibly complete barriers to F1 formation on P. beesiana, may be enough to make F1 formation very rare in these species. Therefore, with no F1 detected, this hybrid zone may have a finite life span as successive generations become more similar to P. bulleyana.