Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Rates of Embryo and Growth of Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) and Mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) Larvae through Early Juvenile Stages

Abstact of a thesis at the University of Miami Thesis supervised by Professor Daniel D. Benetti No. of pages in text. (38) Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) and mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) are top pelagic predators known for exhibiting rapid rates of development and growth throughout all life stages. Metabolic rates of embryonic stages of both species were studied to determine and compare the relationship between their metabolism and growth during early developmental stages. Metabolic rates (0.246 ± 0.035 µL O 2 /egg/hr) and weight-specific metabolic rates (2.562 ± 0.364 µL O 2 /mg dry weight/hr) of cobia embryos were not significantly different than metabolic rates (0.345 ± 0.05 µL O 2 /egg/hr) and weight-specific metabolic rates (2.199 ± 0.321 µL O 2 /mg dry weight/hr) of mahi embryos. Growth rates, length-weight relationship and condition factors were also determined and compared during the first 30 days post-hatching (DPH) of cobia and mahi larvae. Cobia larvae had an absolute growth rate (AGR) in length of 0.901 mm/day and wet weight of 4.2 mg/day. Length and weight specific growth rates (SGR) of cobia larvae were 7.37%/day and 21.7%/d, respectively. Mahi larvae had a length AGR of 0.965 mm/day, weight AGR of 10.57 mg/day, length SGR of 6.3%/day and weight SGR of 23.2%/day. No significant difference was found between cobia and mahi larval growth rates in length (ANCOVA; p<0.05). In weight, however, mahi larvae grew significantly faster than cobia larvae, F(1, 57) = 29.165, p < 0.001). Cobia and mahi larvae exhibit allometric growth rates, and their length (x) – weight (Y) relationships are best expressed by the following power equations: Cobia: Y = 0.01x 2.7433 r 2 = 0.9887 n = 792 Mahi: Y = 0.0024x 3.4474 r 2 = 0.9808 n = 720 Condition factor (K) for cobia larvae dropped from 1.03 to 0.37, while mahi larvae K value increased from 0.52 to 0.96 during the period studied (30 days post-hatch), when both species had reached juvenile stages. Metabolic rates and weight-specific metabolic rates of both cobia and mahi embryos were found to be higher than those reported for most other teleosts in the literature. Likewise, larvae of both species exhibit faster rates of development in length and weight than those reported for most other fish, and comparable to those of high performance pelagic species like tunas. iii Ad Majoren Dei Gloriam… To my parents who influenced and inspired me… To my brother who …
Akhlak Guru dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Islam (Teacher’s Good Behaviour in Teaching and Learning the Islamic Education)

Artikel ini berdasarkan kajian kes kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk meneroka dan memerihalkan cara guru Pendidikan Islam melaksanakan akhlak mulia berdasarkan teori al-Ghazali dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Pendidikan Islam. Data dikumpul menggunakan kaedah pemerhatian, temu bual, dan analisis dokumen dengan tiga orang peserta kajian terdiri dari guru Pendidikan Islam tingkatan empat daripada tiga buah sekolah dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik persampelan bertujuan. Antara kriteria pemilihan yang digunakan ialah mempunyai ijazah sarjana muda serta diploma perguruan dari universiti tempatan atau institut pendidikan yang setaraf. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa guru Pendidikan Islam sentiasa mengamalkan akhlak mulia dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran di bilik darjah seperti kasih sayang, ikhlas, nasihat, berhikmah dalam usaha menegur kesilapan, pengajaran bertahap dan beramal dengan ilmu. Namun begitu cara penyampaian dan tingkah laku guru mengikut kaedah mereka yang tersendiri. Hasil kajian telah menghasilkan ‘Qudwah Hasanah Akhlak guru’ yang diharapkan menjadi panduan kepada semua guru di Malaysia khususnya dan di dunia Islam umumnya. Kata kunci: Akhlak guru, pengajaran dan pembelajaran, Pendidikan Islam, al-Ghazali ABSTRACT This article, based on a series of qualitative case studies, aims to explore and describe how Islamic Education teachers perform in accordance to al-Ghazali’s teaching and learning theory. The data underpinning the study was collected by purposive sampling, observation, interviews, and document analysis from three Form Four Islamic Education teachers from three schools. Selection criteria for the teaching staff included the need to have bachelor’s degree and a diploma in teaching. The findings of the study found that these Islamic Education teachers practiced al-Ghazali’s methods of teaching and learning in the classroom by displaying care and sincerity and offering admonitory wisdom, in short, by becoming an exemplary role model. The actual style and method of delivery, however were personal to the teacher. The study concludes that by assessing these teaching behaviours, it is possible to produce a ‘Good Behaviour Qudwah Hasanah’, which could become a guide to all teachers in the Islamic world and elsewhere. Keywords: Teachers’ good behaviour, teaching and learning, Islamic education, al-Ghazali
Analytic Thought Training Promotes Liberalism on Contextualized (But Not Stable) Political Opinions

Previous research revealed that inducing an intuitive thinking style led people to adopt more conservative social and economic attitudes. No prior study, however, has shown a causal effect of analytic cognitive style (ACS) on political conservatism. It is also not clear whether these cognitive-style manipulations influence stable or contextualized (less stable) political attitudes differentially. The current research investigated the causal effect of ACS on both stable and contextualized political opinions. In Experiment 1, we briefly trained participants to think analytically (or not) and assessed their contextualized and stable political attitudes. Those in the analytic thinking group responded more positively to liberal (but not conservative) arguments on contextualized opinions. However, no significant change occurred in stable opinions. In Experiment 2, we replicated this basic finding with a larger sample. Thus, the results demonstrate that inducing ACS causally influences contextualized liberal attitudes, but not stable ones.
Wavelet Transform Effect on MIMO-OFDM System Performance

Although latest generations for mobile communications systems have provided flexible expansion in system capacity, they faced great challenge in performance enhancement especially in the presence of bad fading channel conditions. In this paper a modified MIMO OFDM system will be introduced that is capable of mitigating fading channel distortion even in its worst conditions. In most recent researches Wavelet Transform (WT) was applied in stead of OFDM technology but in this paper both WT and OFDM technologies were applied together in order to have more performance enhancement. MIMO technology and various channel equalization techniques such as phase equalization (PE) and maximal ration equalization (MRE) will be applied in the proposed system for the purpose of performance enhancement. Obtained results from proposed system simulation showed acceptable BER performance at low SNR.
The Inflammatory Chemokine CCL5 and Cancer Progression

Until recently, inflammatory chemokines were viewed mainly as indispensable “gate keepers” of immunity and inflammation. However, updated research indicates that cancer cells subvert the normal chemokine system and these molecules and their receptors become important constituents of the tumor microenvironment with very different ways to exert tumor-promoting roles. The CCR5 and the CCL5 ligand have been detected in some hematological malignancies, lymphomas, and a great number of solid tumors, but extensive studies on the role of the CCL5/CCR axis were performed only in a limited number of cancers. This review summarizes updated information on the role of CCL5 and its receptor CCR5 in cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and highlights the development of newer therapeutic strategies aimed to inhibit the binding of CCL5 to CCR5, to inhibit CCL5 secretion, or to inhibit the interactions among tumor cells and the microenvironment leading to CCL5 secretion.
Explicit modular invariant two-loop superstring amplitude relevant for R-4

In this note we derive an explicit modular invariant formula for the two loop 4-point amplitude in superstring theory in terms of a multiple integral (7 complex integration variables) over the complex plane which is shown to be convergent. We consider in particular the case of the leading term for vanishing momenta of the four graviton amplitude, which would correspond to the two-loop correction of the R-4 term in the effective Action. The resulting expression is not positive definite and could be zero, although we cannot see that it vanishes.
STUDIES ON THE BINDING BETWEEN STREPTOCOCCAL M PROTEIN AND ANTIBODY

A method for detecting type-specific antibody to type 12 β-hemolytic streptococci is described. The method is based on the utilization of a partially purified I131 labeled streptococcal acid extract and the solubility of this extract in 40 per cent saturated ammonium sulfate as compared to the insolubility of antibody and antigen-antibody complexes at this salt concentration. The salient features of this technique are: (a) When absorbed sera were used, no non-type-specific reaction with antigen occurred. (b) The sensitivity of the system allowed detection of type-specific antibody in hyperimmune antisera that had been diluted 1200-fold. (c) The method does not rely on secondary manifestations of antigen-antibody interaction for the detection of antibody. (d) As little as 0.03 µg of M12 protein was detected when soluble unlabeled M protein was used to inhibit the reaction between I131 M12 protein and anti-M12 antibody. (e) The kinetics of the reaction between M protein and anti-M antibody can be studied, thereby making information available as to the quality as well as the quantity of antibody produced in this antigen-antibody system.
Dense, Ionized, and Neutral Gas Surrounding Sagittarius A*

We present high-resolution H41α hydrogen recombination line observations of the 1. ′2 (3 pc) region surrounding Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) at 92 GHz using the Millimeter Array at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) with an angular resolution of 7′′ × 3′′ and velocity resolution of 13 km s-1. New observations of H31α, H35α, H41α, and H44α lines were obtained using the NRAO 12 m telescope, and their relative line strengths are interpreted in terms of various possible emission mechanisms. These NRAO 12 m measurements are the most extensive recombination line survey of this region to date. These OVRO data also represent the highest angular resolution and the highest sensitivity observations of Sgr A West in hydrogen recombination line and continuum emission at millimeter wavelengths. Observations of HCO+(J = 1 → 0) transition at 89 GHz are obtained simultaneously with a 40% improved angular resolution and 4-15 times improved sensitivity over the previously published results, and the distribution and kinematics of the dense molecular gas in the circumnuclear disk (CND) are mapped and compared with those of the ionized gas. The line brightness ratios of the hydrogen recombination lines are consistent with purely spontaneous emission from Te ~ 7000 K gas with ne ~ 2 × 104 cm-3 near LTE condition. A virial analysis suggests that the most prominent molecular gas clumps in the CND have mean densities on the order of 107 cm-3, sufficient to withstand the tidal shear in the Galactic center region. Therefore, these clumps may survive over several dynamical times, and the CND may be a dynamically stable structure. We estimate a total gas mass of about 3 × 105 M☉ for the CND. Our combined analysis of the new high-resolution H41α and HCO+ images and our kinematic model demonstrates a widely spread physical and dynamical link between the molecular gas in the CND and the ionized gas, including along the eastern rim of the CND where a gap was previously suggested.
The construction of hegemonic masculinity in the Semiotic Landscape of a CrossFit ‘Cave’

A Semiotic Landscape analysis, whereby a community or environment’s signage is photographed for linguistic and visual analysis, is a useful means of discovering power relationships within that community’s language use. While Semiotic Landscapes and their predecessor, Linguistic Landscapes, are traditionally used to explore differences between dominant and minority languages in a community, this research extends the concept to analyse hegemonic masculinity at a CrossFit gym. It also shifts the analysis from an outdoor landscape to an indoor, more private setting. Using an autoethnographic approach, the author argues that while many of the CrossFit signs are designed to appear as humorous entertainment or motivation, they simultaneously encourage the subordination of women and certain men, and the naturalizing of a particular view of hegemonic masculinity, as embodied by the ideal CrossFit male.
Throughput Analysis of IEEE802.11 Multi-Hop Ad Hoc Networks

In multi-hop ad hoc networks, stations may pump more traffic into the networks than can be supported, resulting in high packet-loss rate, re-routing instability and unfairness problems. This paper shows that controlling the offered load at the sources can eliminate these problems. To verify the simulation results, we set up a real 6-node multi-hop network. The experimental measurements confirm the existence of the optimal offered load. In addition, we provide an analysis to estimate the optimal offered load that maximizes the throughput of a multi-hop traffic flow. We believe this is a first paper in the literature to provide a quantitative analysis (as opposed to simulation) for the impact of hidden nodes and signal capture on sustainable throughput. The analysis is based on the observation that a large-scale 802.11 network with hidden nodes is a network in which the carrier-sensing capability breaks down partially. Its performance is therefore somewhere between that of a carrier-sensing network and that of an Aloha network. Indeed, our analytical closed-form solution has the appearance of the throughput equation of the Aloha network. Our approach allows one to identify whether the performance of an 802.11 network is hidden-node limited or spatial-reuse limited
Ras controls melanocyte expansion during zebrafish fin stripe regeneration

SUMMARY Regenerative medicine for complex tissues like limbs will require the provision or activation of precursors for different cell types, in the correct number, and with the appropriate instructions. These strategies can be guided by what is learned from spectacular events of natural limb or fin regeneration in urodele amphibians and teleost fish. Following zebrafish fin amputation, melanocyte stripes faithfully regenerate in tandem with complex fin structures. Distinct populations of melanocyte precursors emerge and differentiate to pigment regenerating fins, yet the regulation of their proliferation and patterning is incompletely understood. Here, we found that transgenic increases in active Ras dose-dependently hyperpigmented regenerating zebrafish fins. Lineage tracing and marker analysis indicated that increases in active Ras stimulated the in situ amplification of undifferentiated melanocyte precursors expressing mitfa and kita. Active Ras also hyperpigmented early fin regenerates of kita mutants, which are normally devoid of primary regeneration melanocytes, suppressing defects in precursor function and survival. By contrast, this protocol had no noticeable impact on pigmentation by secondary regulatory melanocyte precursors in late-stage kita regenerates. Our results provide evidence that Ras activity levels control the repopulation and expansion of adult melanocyte precursors after tissue loss, enabling the recovery of patterned melanocyte stripes during zebrafish appendage regeneration.
Mouse Nkrp1-Clr Gene Cluster Sequence and Expression Analyses Reveal Conservation of Tissue-Specific MHC-Independent Immunosurveillance

The Nkrp1 (Klrb1)-Clr (Clec2) genes encode a receptor-ligand system utilized by NK cells as an MHC-independent immunosurveillance strategy for innate immune responses. The related Ly49 family of MHC-I receptors displays extreme allelic polymorphism and haplotype plasticity. In contrast, previous BAC-mapping and aCGH studies in the mouse suggest the neighboring and related Nkrp1-Clr cluster is evolutionarily stable. To definitively compare the relative evolutionary rate of Nkrp1-Clr vs. Ly49 gene clusters, the Nkrp1-Clr gene clusters from two Ly49 haplotype-disparate inbred mouse strains, BALB/c and 129S6, were sequenced. Both Nkrp1-Clr gene cluster sequences are highly similar to the C57BL/6 reference sequence, displaying the same gene numbers and order, complete pseudogenes, and gene fragments. The Nkrp1-Clr clusters contain a strikingly dissimilar proportion of repetitive elements compared to the Ly49 clusters, suggesting that certain elements may be partly responsible for the highly disparate Ly49 vs. Nkrp1 evolutionary rate. Focused allelic polymorphisms were found within the Nkrp1b/d (Klrb1b), Nkrp1c (Klrb1c), and Clr-c (Clec2f) genes, suggestive of possible immune selection. Cell-type specific transcription of Nkrp1-Clr genes in a large panel of tissues/organs was determined. Clr-b (Clec2d) and Clr-g (Clec2i) showed wide expression, while other Clr genes showed more tissue-specific expression patterns. In situ hybridization revealed specific expression of various members of the Clr family in leukocytes/hematopoietic cells of immune organs, various tissue-restricted epithelial cells (including intestinal, kidney tubular, lung, and corneal progenitor epithelial cells), as well as myocytes. In summary, the Nkrp1-Clr gene cluster appears to evolve more slowly relative to the related Ly49 cluster, and likely regulates innate immunosurveillance in a tissue-specific manner.
The Empirical Validity of the Common European Framework of Reference Scales: An Exemplary Study for the Vocabulary and Fluency Scales in a Language Testing Context

In spite of the widespread use of Common European Framework of Reference for language learning, teaching, and assessment (CEFR) scales, there is an overwhelming lack of evidence regarding their power to describe empirical learner language (Fulcher 2004; Hulstijn 2007). This article presents results of a study that focused on the empirical robustness (i.e. the power of level descriptions to capture what learners actually do in a language test) of the CEFR vocabulary & fluency scales (A2-B2). Data stem from an Italian & German oral proficiency test (Abel et al. 2012). Results show that the empirical robustness was flawed: Some scale contents were hardly observable or so evenly distributed that they could not distinguish between learners. Contradictory/weak correlations among scale features and heterogeneous cluster solutions suggest that scales did not consistently capture typical learner behaviour. Often, learner language could not be objectively described by any level description. Also, it was only partially possible to link scale contents to research-based measures of fluency and vocabulary. Given the importance of CEFR levels in many high-stakes contexts, the results suggest the need of a large empirical validation project.
Optimal size of battery energy storage and monotonic charging/discharging strategies for wind farms

This paper focuses on the development of a monotonic charge/discharge strategy to optimize the capacity of a large-scale battery energy storage system (BESS) integrated with a large wind farm to smooth out the intermittent wind farm output for effective power dispatch to the electricity grid. Since a large-scale BESS is rather expensive, adopting such strategy for optimal sizing of the BESS has become critically important. The paper proposes a constraint-based monotonic charge/discharge strategy for multiple batteries of a BESS and determines the optimal capacity of each individual battery satisfying a set of given operating constraints. The effectiveness of the strategy is confirmed with data analysis taken from an actual wind farm. The strategy is generic enough to be applicable to other intermittent generation sources such as solar PV farms.
The effect of planning time on cognitive processes, monitoring behavior, and quality of L2 writing

This article reports on a study in which stimulated recall data and quantitative measures of complexity, accuracy and fluency (CAF) were used to address three interconnected questions in different planning conditions: (1) how learners share their limited attentional capacity with different cognitive processes of ‘planner/proposer’, ‘translator’ and ‘evaluator/reviser’, (2) what kinds of self-repairs are more prone to be utilized by L2 writers, and (3), which condition can provide a better work plan for producing high quality narratives in terms of CAF triad. Sixty intermediate L2 writers narrated a picture story task in four types of planning conditions. The results show that while on-line planning induced the most cognitive processes of planning, translating and evaluating, pre-task planning reduced the number of processes at the time of writing. Moreover, the results reveal that pre-task planning significantly reduced the amount of self-repair when compared to on-line planning, which activated more error repairs, rephrasing repairs and different information repairs. The CAF measures disclose that enhancement of all measures at the same time could not be attained even with the provision of both pre- and on-line planning simultaneously and therefore lend support to the Overload Hypothesis and the Limited Attentional Capacity Model. The implications of these outcomes are discussed, and suggestions for further research are advanced.
Learning Spatial Invariance with the Trace Rule in Nonuniform Distributions

Convolutional models of object recognition achieve invariance to spatial transformations largely because of the use of a suitably defined pooling operator. This operator typically takes the form of a max or average function defined across units tuned to the same feature. As a model of the brain's ventral pathway, where computations are carried out by weighted synaptic connections, such pooling can lead to spatial invariance only if the weights that connect similarly tuned units to a given pooling unit are of approximately equal strengths. How identical weights can be learned in the face of nonuniformly distributed data remains unclear. In this letter, we show how various versions of the trace learning rule can help solve this problem. This allows us in turn to explain previously published results and make recommendations as to the optimal rule for invariance learning.