Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure and Mechanism of the Saposin-like Domain of a Plant Aspartic Protease*

Many plant aspartic proteases contain an additional sequence of ∼100 amino acids termed the plant-specific insert, which is involved in host defense and vacuolar targeting. Similar to all saposin-like proteins, the plant-specific insert functions via protein-membrane interactions; however, the structural basis for such interactions has not been studied, and the nature of plant-specific insert-mediated membrane disruption has not been characterized. In the present study, the crystal structure of the saposin-like domain of potato aspartic protease was resolved at a resolution of 1.9 Å, revealing an open V-shaped configuration similar to the open structure of human saposin C. Notably, vesicle disruption activity followed Michaelis-Menten-like kinetics, a finding not previously reported for saposin-like proteins including plant-specific inserts. Circular dichroism data suggested that secondary structure was pH-dependent in a fashion similar to influenza A hemagglutinin fusion peptide. Membrane effects characterized by atomic force microscopy and light scattering indicated bilayer solubilization as well as fusogenic activity. Taken together, the present study is the first report to elucidate the membrane interaction mechanism of plant saposin-like domains whereby pH-dependent membrane interactions resulted in bilayer fusogenic activity that probably arose from a viral type pH-dependent helix-kink-helix motif at the plant-specific insert N terminus.
Online Mathematics Methods Course Evaluation: Student Outcomes, Generalization, and Pupil Performance

NCLB requires states to provide highly qualified educators for all students. Highly qualified educators should have content knowledge in the areas they teach and the pedagogical expertise to produce student educational gains. In this study, researchers examined the effects of an online mathematics methods class on preservice teachers' knowledge of instructional planning, classroom instructional planning performance; and classroom pupil outcomes in mathematics. Preservice teachers acquired instructional planning skills taught through online instruction and utilized these skills in a subsequent classroom placement. Instructional planning combined with classroom supervision contributed to an increase in pupil's mathematics performance. Results are discussed in terms of participant acquisition of online course materials, classroom application of course materials, and pupil outcomes in mathematics.
T‐cell phenotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood and lymph nodes in pulmonary sarcoidosis – indication for an airborne antigen as the triggering factor in sarcoidosis

Abstract. Darlington P, Haugom‐Olsen H, von Sivers K, Wahlström J, Runold M, Svjatoha V, Porwit A, Eklund A, Grunewald J (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden). T‐cell phenotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood and lymph nodes in pulmonary sarcoidosis – indication for an airborne antigen as the triggering factor in sarcoidosis. J Intern Med 2012; 272: 465–471.
[Neonatal chronic lung disease]

OBJECTIVE: The author presents a review about neonatal chronic lung disease, with particular emphasis on pathophysiology and outpatient follow up. METHODS: The most relevant articles concerning the disorder were selected through Medline search, from the initial description of the disease, in 1967.RESULTS: Neonatal chronic lung disease is a condition with growing incidence due to progressive increase in survival of preterm infants. Neonatal chronic lung disease pathophysiology involves several factors, but prematurity and respiratory assistance to the newborn seem to play a major role in the pathogenic process. The treatment of neonatal chronic lung disease is complex and must be individualized. Diuretics, corticosteroids and bronchodilators are the most frequently used drugs, but their indication and timing for use remain controversial. Patient follow-up after hospital discharge is essential for a good prognosis, and must include nutritional and social aspects. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal chronic lung disease is still a condition scarcely known among pediatricians, particularly regarding treatment after hospital discharge. Severe cases should be treated in specialized centers with advanced laboratory and management resources. The prognosis is remarkably variable and also related to the presence of other prematurity sequelae and prompt intervention on the complications.
The spatial separation of the poor in Canadian cities

We used the 1991 Canadian census to examine the extent of spatial separation of the poor in Canadian cities. Although there were no extensive areas of blight, decay, or housing abandonment, we found high spatial separation of poor visible minorities in the selected cities. The index of dissimilarity indicates high segregation of poor blacks and moderate separation of poor Asians from the nonpoor population. We tested the effects of three major structural factors—racial and ethnic segregation, income segregation, and urban redevelopment—and found that racial and ethnic residential patterns are related strongly to the spatial separation of poor persons. The relationship between income segregation and spatial separation of the poor is not significant, however. We also found that the relationship between urban redevelopment and spatial separation of the poor pertains only to blacks. These findings suggest that blacks are vulnerable in the process of urban redevelopment.
Risk Factors for Pressure Ulcers Including Suspected Deep Tissue Injury in Nursing Home Facility Residents: Analysis of National Minimum Data Set 3.0.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to characterize and compare risk factors associated with pressure ulcers (PrUs), including suspected deep tissue injury (sDTI), in nursing home (NH) residents in the United States. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the 2012 Minimum Data Set (MDS 3.0). SETTING: Medicareor Medicaid-certified NHs in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Nursing home residents (n = 2,936,146) 18 years or older with complete PrU data, who received comprehensive assessments from January to December 2012. MEASUREMENTS: Pressure ulcer by stage was the outcome variable. Explanatory variables (age, gender, race and ethnicity, body mass index, skin integrity, system failure, disease, infection, mobility, and cognition) from the MDS 3.0 were aligned with the 4 elements of Defloor_s conceptual model: compressive forces, shearing forces, tissue tolerance for pressure, and tissue tolerance for oxygen. RESULTS: Of 2,936,146 NH residents who had complete data for PrU, 89.9% had no PrU; 8.4% had a Stage 2, 3, or 4 or unstagable PrU; and 1.7% had an sDTI. The MDS variables corresponding to the 4 elements of Defloor_s model were significantly predictive of both PrU and sDTI. Black residents had the highest risk of any-stage PrU, and Hispanic residents had the highest risk of sDTI. Skin integrity, system failure, infection, and disease risk factors had larger effect sizes for sDTI than for other PrU stages. CONCLUSIONS: The MDS data support Defloor_s model and inform clinicians, educators, researchers, and policymakers on risk factors associated with PrUs and sDTI in NH residents in the United States participating in Medicare and Medicaid.
Cyber victimization and adolescent self‐esteem: The role of communication with parents

Internet use has increased rapidly in recent years, and has inevitably led to some negative outcomes, notably cyber bullying and cyber victimization. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cyber victimization and parent–adolescent communication on self-esteem, and the moderating role of parent–adolescent communication in the relationship between cyber victimization and self-esteem among Turkish adolescents. The participants were 337 adolescents with a mean age of 16.37, (SD = 0.89). The results of hierarchical regression analysis reveal that self-esteem was predicted negatively by cyber victimization, but positively by mother–adolescent communication. Results also indicate the moderating roles of parent–adolescent communication in the links between cyber victimization and self-esteem. The findings indicate a need to consider the parent–adolescent relationship while working with victimized youth, and the implications for research and practice are discussed.
Alcohol Use, Suicidal Behavior, and Risky Activities Among Adolescents

Secondary-data analyses were conducted with the National Adolescent Student Health Survey to investigate relations between alcohol use, suicidal ideation and attempts, and risky (dangerous) activities among early (8th graders) and mid-adolescents (10th graders). Higher levels of alcohol use were associated with increases in the frequency of suicidal ideation and attempts across grade levels and for sex. Similarly, higher levels of alcohol use were associated with more frequent involvement in risky activities (e.g., swimming alone, taking someone else's medication) across grade levels and for sex. Logistic-regression models indicated that sex, alcohol use, and risky behaviors were significant predictors of suicidal ideation and attempts. Particularly salient were findings for heavy alcohol-using, high risk-taking female adolescents who had attempted suicide. For 8th graders, the probability of having attempted suicide for this subgroup was 0.52 and for 10th graders this subgroup was 0.47.
Male-to-Female Transgender Youth

Abstract Thirty-one male-to-female transgender youth reported on their gender identity, gender expression, gender atypicality, and their parents' responses. Youth felt, acted, and were told they were different between eight and nine years of age. Many were called sissies and told to change their behavior by parents; more gender-atypical youth reported childhood parental abuse.
Involvement of corticostriatal glutamatergic terminals in striatal dopamine release elicited by stimulation of δ‐opioid receptors

We have previously shown that striatal dopamine release induced locally by a δ‐opioid receptor agonist was totally inhibited by a glutamate N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist, indicating the involvement of glutamatergic receptors in this effect. The aim of the present study was to specify this mechanism. Firstly, we investigated the effect of [D‐Pen2,D‐Pen5]‐enkephalin (DPDPE) on glutamate release in rats by intrastriatal microdialysis. The infusion of DPDPE (10 µm) enhanced the glutamate content in dialysate by approximately 34%, an effect which did not appear to result from inhibition of glutamate uptake. We then considered the consequences of a unilateral thermocoagulation of the frontal cortex on either glutamate or dopamine release induced by stimulation of δ‐opioid receptors 2 days later. This lesion, which decreased the glutamate content in ipsilateral striatum by approximately 30%, totally prevented the increase in dialysate levels of glutamate induced by DPDPE. Moreover, whereas DPDPE (10 µm) was found to increase the striatal dopamine release in intact animals by approximately 59%, this effect was also completely suppressed by the cortical lesion. Finally, we studied the effect of the lesion on the [3H]‐DPDPE binding to striatal membranes prepared from the whole striatum. In the ipsilateral striatum a significant decrease in this [3H]‐DPDPE binding (by approximately 18%) was found 2 days after the lesion. Our results indicate that the increase in striatal dopamine release induced by DPDPE probably depends on glutamate release from corticostriatal glutamatergic afferents in response to the stimulation of δ‐opioid receptors located on terminals of these neurons.
ALA Inhibits ABA-induced Stomatal Closure via Reducing H2O2 and Ca2+ Levels in Guard Cells

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a newly proved natural plant growth regulator, is well known to improve plant photosynthesis under both normal and stressful conditions. However, its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Stomatal closure is one of the major limiting factors for photosynthesis and abscisic acid (ABA) is the most important hormone in provoking stomatal closing. Here, we showed that ALA significantly inhibited ABA-induced stomatal closure using wild-type and ALA-overproducing transgenic Arabidopsis (YHem1). We found that ALA decreased ABA-induced H2O2 and cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation in guard cells with stomatal bioassay, laser-scanning confocal microscopy and pharmacological methods. The inhibitory effect of ALA on ABA-induced stomatal closure was similar to that of AsA (an important reducing substrate for H2O2 removal), CAT (a H2O2-scavenging enzyme), DPI (an inhibitor of the H2O2-generating NADPH oxidase), EGTA (a Ca-chelating agent), and AlCl3 (an inhibitor of calcium channel). Furthermore, ALA inhibited exogenous H2O2- or Ca2+-induced stomatal closure. Taken together, we conclude that ALA inhibits ABA-induced stomatal closure via reducing H2O2, probably by scavenging, and Ca2+ levels in guard cells. Moreover, the inhibitive effect of ALA on ABA-induced stomatal closure was further confirmed in the whole plant. Finally, we demonstrated that ALA inhibits stomatal closing, but significantly improves plant drought tolerance. Our results provide valuable information for the promotion of plant production and development of a sustainable low-carbon society.
On the hardness of finding symmetries in Markov decision processes

In this work we address the question of finding symmetries of a given MDP. We show that the problem is Isomorphism Complete, that is, the problem is polynomially equivalent to verifying whether two graphs are isomorphic. Apart from the theoretical importance of this result it has an important practical application. The reduction presented can be used together with any off-the-shelf Graph Isomorphism solver, which performs well in the average case, to find symmetries of an MDP. In fact, we present results of using NAutY (the best Graph Isomorphism solver currently available), to find symmetries of MDPs.
Accountability and the New Commercial Agenda

Abstract Accountability is examined in the light of an emerging commercial agenda. Specific to this agenda are new business strategies which involve a loosening of accounting controls. It is this loosening of accounting controls which presages some shift away from hierarchical accountability and opens up the opportunity for lateral accountability . However, the authors show how hierarchical accountability orientates managers towards surveillance of "decisions" within a dyadic structure of superior-subordinates. It is argued that, given this orientation, managers are likely to subvert practices which develop in the name of lateral accountability into acting as a "supplement" for more intensive surveillance. To guard against this danger the authors explore an "image" of business drawn from concepts of community, affiliation and self-audit to replace the prevailing "stakeholder-decisions" model.
Worst cases for correct rounding of the elementary functions in double precision

We give the results of a four-year search for the worst cases for correct rounding of the major elementary functions in double precision. These results allow the design of reasonably fast routines that will compute these functions with correct rounding, at least in some interval, for any of the four rounding modes specified by the IEEE-754 standard. They will also allow one to easily test libraries that are claimed to provide correctly rounded functions.
Quejas somáticas, estados de ánimo y conciencia emocional en adolescentes

Las quejas somaticas constituyen un problema frecuente en adolescentes, aunque solo en algunos casos es posible encontrar una causa medica clara. Por ello, existe una atencion creciente hacia los factores psicologicos que podrian estar relacionados. Dos areas del funcionamiento emocional son los principales referentes a este respecto: estados de animo negativos y conciencia emocional. En este trabajo se analizaba si la conciencia emocional contribuia a la prediccion de las quejas somaticas, independientemente del estado de animo. Los participantes en este estudio, 441 adolescentes entre los 13 y los 15 anos de edad, cumplimentaron cuestionarios de autoinforme sobre quejas somaticas, estados de animo y conciencia emocional. Los resultados mostraron que la conciencia emocional presentaba una limitada contribucion independiente en la prediccion de quejas somaticas. Esta contribucion estaba moderada por los estados de animo, a excepcion de dos aspectos de la conciencia emocional: conciencia corporal de las emociones y predisposicion a tener en cuenta las emociones de los demas. Estos resultados refuerzan la hipotesis de que la conciencia emocional precede a los estados afectivos, los cuales, a su vez, poseen un efecto en la percepcion que los jovenes tienen sobre su salud. Somatic complaints, mood states, and emotional awareness in adolescents. Health complaints are a common problem in adolescents, but a medical cause can only be found in few cases. Therefore, increasing attention is paid to psychological factors that might be related. Two areas of emotional functioning are frequently referred to in this respect: negative mood and emotional awareness. In this study, we examined whether emotional awareness contributes uniquely to the prediction of somatic complaints over and above negative mood. Self-report questionnaires of somatic complaints, mood states, and emotional awareness were completed in class by 441 adolescents, between 13 and 15 years old. Results showed that emotional awareness only presents a limited unique contribution to the prediction of somatic complaints. This contribution is moderated by mood states, except for two aspects of emotional awareness: bodily awareness of emotions and attending to others’ emotions. This strengthens the hypothesis that emotional awareness precedes affective states, which, in turn, have an effect on youngsters’ health perceptions.
The Effect on Behavior of Variation in the Amount of Play Equipment1

ONSIDERABLE information on childhood play is now available. Investigations have afforded data as to types of occupations in which children engage, kinds of play materials used, time spent in different activities, types of social participation and sex and age differences. More than a hundred such studies have recently been classified by Hurlock (3). Similar tendencies in play behavior have been noted in situations that are somewhat alike. Few direct comparisons, however, have as yet been attempted with experimental variations in play equipment in the same or comparable groups of subjects. There is need for more specific information as to the advantages and disadvantages of different types of play situations. Are children, for example,
Men are Real, Women are ‘Made up’: Beauty Therapy and the Construction of Femininity

Beauty therapy as an industry is multi-faceted; as a set of practices it is complex. The beauty industry has been the subject of much critique but comparatively little empirical study. Based upon research with beauty therapists themselves, this article investigates the complex relationship between femininity and beauty. The beauty industry is located within debates about the body and leisure. The growth in the beauty industry is also linked to the commodification of body practices. Despite remaining critical of the role of beauty in the lives of women, we also emphasise the fact that women are not ‘cultural dopes’ (Davis, 1991). The actual experiences of beauty treatments and the testimonies of women involved in the industry paint a picture of competing discourses and contradictory outcomes. This is not least because both clients and therapists deny being concerned with beauty, but rather aim to provide ‘pampering’, ‘treatment’ or ‘grooming’. The beauty salon may be seen as the site of both compliance with, and escape from, a feminine ideal. The role of class, ethnicity and age in breaking down the monolithical concept of beauty and in fragmenting the experiences of beauty practices are also discussed.
Predictors of individual adaptation to high‐volume or high‐intensity endurance training in recreational endurance runners

The aim of this study was to investigate factors that can predict individual adaptation to high‐volume or high‐intensity endurance training. After the first 8‐week preparation period, 37 recreational endurance runners were matched into the high‐volume training group (HVT) and high‐intensity training group (HIT). During the next 8‐week training period, HVT increased their running training volume and HIT increased training intensity. Endurance performance characteristics, heart rate variability (HRV), and serum hormone concentrations were measured before and after the training periods. While HIT improved peak treadmill running speed (RSpeak) 3.1 ± 2.8% (P < 0.001), no significant changes occurred in HVT (RSpeak: 0.5 ± 1.9%). However, large individual variation was found in the changes of RSpeak in both groups (HVT: −2.8 to 4.1%; HIT: 0–10.2%). A negative relationship was observed between baseline high‐frequency power of HRV (HFPnight) and the individual changes of RSpeak (r = −0.74, P = 0.006) in HVT and a positive relationship (r = 0.63, P = 0.039) in HIT. Individuals with lower HFP showed greater change of RSpeak in HVT, while individuals with higher HFP responded well in HIT. It is concluded that nocturnal HRV can be used to individualize endurance training in recreational runners.
Examining the relationship between children's active play imagery and basic psychological needs

The present study examined relationships between the three types of active play imagery (fun, capability, and social) and the three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness). A total of 253 children (118 males; 134 females; 1 missing) aged 7–14 years old (Mage = 10.35, SD = 2.26) completed the Children's Active Play Imagery Questionnaire and the Basic Needs Questionnaire for Children. Results of the structural equation modelling analysis revealed that capability imagery was positively related to the need for competence, social imagery was positively related to the need for relatedness, and fun imagery was positively associated with the need for competence. The results from this study suggest that imagery can serve a motivating role in children's active play.
Infrared Image Colorization Based on a Triplet DCGAN Architecture

This paper proposes a novel approach for colorizing near infrared (NIR) images using a Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) architecture. The proposed approach is based on the usage of a triplet model for learning each color channel independently, in a more homogeneous way. It allows a fast convergence during the training, obtaining a greater similarity between the colored NIR image and the corresponding ground truth. The proposed approach has been evaluated with a large data set of NIR images and compared with a recent approach, which is also based on a GAN architecture where all the color channels are obtained at the same time.