Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mapping Drug Overdose Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics in the Community.

INTRODUCTION Drug use and drug overdose have increased at an alarming rate. OBJECTIVE To identify demographic and neighborhood social and economic factors associated with higher risk of overdose. These findings can be used to inform development of community programs and appropriately devote resources to prevent and treat drug abuse. METHODS The electronic health records of all patients seen in the emergency department or admitted to the hospital for a drug overdose in 2016 at Gundersen Health System in La Crosse, Wisconsin, were reviewed retrospectively. Patient data collected included age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance type, overdose intention (intentional, unintentional), drug involved, and total charge for the episode of care. Patient residence was geocode mapped to census tract to analyze the relationship of drug overdose to neighborhood characteristics. Overdose rates were calculated by census tract and compared by several sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Four hundred nineteen patients were included in this study. Forty percent of overdoses were unintentional. Patients who were older, male, nonwhite, and who had no insurance were more likely to have unintentional overdoses. Opiates and heroin were most commonly present in unintentional overdoses, whereas benzodiazepines and sedatives were more common in intentional overdoses. Patients living in census tracts with a higher percentage of residents with some college also had a higher rate of unintentional overdose. Rates of overdose at the census tract level varied and were higher in tracts with lower median income, low income inequality ratio, high percentage of college attendance, and higher percentage of nonwhite residents. The average charge per overdose was $14,771 (median = $9,497) and totaled $6,188,923 for the year. CONCLUSIONS This study provides demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic detail about drug overdose in the community that can be used to focus future treatment and prevention interventions.
A System's Perspective Towards an Architecture Framework for Safe Automated Vehicles

With an increasing degree of automation, automated vehicle systems become more complex in terms of functional components as well as interconnected hardware and software components. Thus, holistic systems engineering becomes a severe challenge. Emergent properties like system safety are not solely arguable in singular viewpoints such as structural representations of software or electrical wiring (e.g. fault tolerant). This states the need to get several viewpoints on a system and describe correspondences between these views in order to enable traceability of emergent system properties. Today, the most abstract view found in architecture frameworks is a logical description of system functions which structures the system in terms of information flow and functional components. In this article we extend established system viewpoints towards a capability-based assessment of an automated vehicle and conduct an exemplary safety analysis to derive behavioral safety requirements. These requirements can afterwards be attributed to different viewpoints in an architecture frameworks and thus be integrated into a development process for automated vehicles.
Prevalence and predictors of unsolicited exposure to and involvement in online sexual activites among young Internet users in Lagos metropolis

The study draws empirical evidence from adolescents (aged 10 to 19 years) and young adults (20 to 24 years) who use the Internet in exploring the relationship between two sets of independent variables – background characteristics and context of Internet use and two sets of dependent variables – unsolicited exposure to online materials with sexual contents, and involvement in online sexual activities. The background characteristics explored in the study are age, sex, autonomy (whether living alone or with parents), access to funds and parent-child communication, while the Internet use context variables are place of access, all-night Internet use and intensity of use. The study reveals that close to half of the subjects had been involved in at least one online sexual activity with intensity and time of Internet use as the strongest predictors of involvement. doi: 10.11564/27-1-3
Generating Music using an LSTM Network

A model of music needs to have the ability to recall past details and have a clear, coherent understanding of musical structure. Detailed in the paper is a neural network architecture that predicts and generates polyphonic music aligned with musical rules. The probabilistic model presented is a Bi-axial LSTM trained with a kernel reminiscent of a convolutional kernel. When analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, this approach performs well in composing polyphonic music. Link to the code is provided.
Effects of Comorbid Depression and Diabetes on Cognitive Decline Among Older Mexican Americans

Objectives—To assess the relationship between comorbid depression and diabetes and cognitive decline among Mexican Americans age 65 and over. Design—Retrospective cohort study with longitudinal analysis. Setting—Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and California Participants—Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (HEPESE). Measurements—Cognition was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Depression was defined as a score ≥16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Diabetes was defined as according to self-reported history or taking insulin or oral hypoglycemic medication. Results—Participants with depression and diabetes, depression only, diabetes only, and neither condition declined an average of 6.5, 4.4, 7.8, and 4.2 points on the MMSE, respectively, across the six examination waves. Participants with diabetes or comorbid diabetes and depression declined an average of 0.18 points per year (P<0.01) and 0.25 points per year, respectively, on the MMSE compared to participants with neither condition. Depression was associated with significantly greater cognitive decline (β̂ =−0.11, P<0.05) after excluding participants with baseline cognitive impairment (MMSE≤17). The odds for developing severe cognitive impairment Correspondence should be addressed to Brian Downer, PhD: University of Texas Medical Branch, Sealy Center on Aging, Galveston, TX, 77555-0177. brdowner@utmb.edu. Phone: 1-859-747-3559. Fax: (409) 772-8931. Correspondence can be addressed to Soham Al Snih, MD, PhD soalsnih@utmb.edu. Phone: (409) 266-9691. Conflict of Interest: The editor in chief has reviewed the conflict of interest checklist provided by the authors and has determined that the authors have no financial or any other kind of personal conflicts with this paper. Author Contributions: Downer, Al Snih, Markides: study conception and design. Downer: data analysis. Markides: data acquisition. All authors were involved in the interpretation of data, substantive edits, and manuscript preparation. All authors have given final approval of this version of the manuscript. Sponsor’s Role: The sponsors did not play any role in the design, methods, subject recruitment, data collection, analysis, or preparation of this manuscript. HHS Public Access Author manuscript J Am Geriatr Soc. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 January 01. Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016 January ; 64(1): 109–117. doi:10.1111/jgs.13883. A uhor M anscript
Alteration of primary cilia in COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major economic and social concern worldwide because of its impact on mortality and morbidity [1]. COPD is characterised by airway epithelium remodelling, a hallmark of dysregulated airway epithelium plasticity [2]. There are currently no available therapeutics to restore the integrity and functionality of the epithelium. Therefore, novel sources of investigation are becoming crucial to understand the alterations at the root of COPD initiation. Non-motile primary cilia are solitary sensor organelles playing a critical role in cell cycle control, proliferation, polarity and differentiation, particularly of ciliated cells possessing motile cilia [3, 4]. Primary cilia are assembled on different types of human cells depending on their state and activities in response to cellular quiescence where they relay extracellular signals and retract upon cell cycle re-entry [5]. Alterations of primary cilium structure and function are responsible for ciliopathies [6, 7]. Primary cilia may be crucial in determining outcomes during airway epithelial cell differentiation thus we hypothesised that primary cilia are present in adult epithelial cells and may play a key role in airway plasticity. First, we investigated the presence and localisation of primary cilia in the bronchial epithelium. Secondly, we analysed the relationships between primary cilia and clinical, functional and histological characteristics of non-COPD and COPD patients. Non-differentiated airway epithelial cells display primary cilia and their number is associated with COPD features http://ow.ly/wiGH30jDbeG
Camelina, a Swiss knife for plant lipid biotechnology

Camelina has emerged in the last decade as a multipurpose crop plant particularly suitable for engineering new lipids for diverse uses, including feed, biofuel and green chemistry. The rebirth of this ancient crop was based on several intrinsic favorable characteristics: robust agronomic qualities, attractive oil profile, genetic proximity with the model plant arabidopsis, ease of genetic transformation by floral dip. The need to increase both the production and diversity of plant oils, while improving the sustainability of agricultural systems, has been the driving forces behind the ever-increasing investment in camelina research. Worldwide interest in engineering camelina has led to the development of a remarkable pipeline that allows the rapid production and phenotyping of new lines; it includes specific tools, such as databases, collections of natural accessions, methods of genetic transformation and lipid analysis. Implementation of numerous metabolic pathways in camelina for the production of novel lipids has highlighted the potential as well as the versatility of this new "old" oilseed crop that is well on the way to becoming an ideal plant chassis for lipid synthetic biology.
The attention habit: how reward learning shapes attentional selection

There is growing consensus that reward plays an important role in the control of attention. Until recently, reward was thought to influence attention indirectly by modulating task‐specific motivation and its effects on voluntary control over selection. Such an account was consistent with the goal‐directed (endogenous) versus stimulus‐driven (exogenous) framework that had long dominated the field of attention research. Now, a different perspective is emerging. Demonstrations that previously reward‐associated stimuli can automatically capture attention even when physically inconspicuous and task‐irrelevant challenge previously held assumptions about attentional control. The idea that attentional selection can be value driven, reflecting a distinct and previously unrecognized control mechanism, has gained traction. Since these early demonstrations, the influence of reward learning on attention has rapidly become an area of intense investigation, sparking many new insights. The result is an emerging picture of how the reward system of the brain automatically biases information processing. Here, I review the progress that has been made in this area, synthesizing a wealth of recent evidence to provide an integrated, up‐to‐date account of value‐driven attention and some of its broader implications.
Behavior of a fluorescent analogue of calmodulin in living 3T3 cells

We have prepared and partially characterized a lissamine-rhodamine B fluorescent analogue of calmodulin, LRB-CM. The analogue had a dye/protein ratio of approximately 1.0 and contained no free dye or contaminating labeled proteins. LRB-CM was indistinguishable from native calmodulin upon SDS PAGE and in assays of phosphodiesterase and myosin light chain kinase. The emission spectrum of LRB-CM was insensitive to changes in pH, ionic strength, and temperature over the physiological range, but the apparent quantum yield was influenced somewhat by divalent cation concentration. LRB-CM injected into living Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts became associated with nitrobenzoxadiazole- phallacidin staining stress fibers in some interphase cells. LRB-CM and acetamidofluorescein-labeled actin co-injected into the same cell both became associated with fibers in some cells, but in most cases association of the two analogues with fibers was mutually exclusive. This suggests that calmodulin may differ from actin in the timing of incorporation into stress fibers or that we have distinguished distinct populations of stress fibers. We were able to detect no direct interaction of LRB-CM with actin by fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FRAP) of aqueous solutions. Interaction of LRB-CM with myosin light chain kinase also was not detected by FRAP. This suggests that the mean lifetime of the calmodulin-myosin light chain kinase complex is too short to affect the diffusion coefficient of calmodulin. We examined various fluorescent derivatives of proteins and dextrans as suitable control molecules for quantitative fluorescent analogue cytochemistry in living cells. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans were found to be preferable to all the proteins tested, since their mobilities in cytoplasm were inversely dependent on molecular size and there was no evidence of binding to intracellular components. In contrast, FRAP of LRB-CM in the cytoplasm of living 3T3 cells suggested that the analogue interacts with intracellular components with a range of affinities. The mobility of LRB-CM in the cytoplasm was sensitive to treatment of the cells with trifluoperazine, which suggests that at least some of the intracellular binding sites are specific for calmodulin in the calcium-bound form. FRAP of LRB-CM in the nuclei of living 3T3 cells indicated that the analogue was highly mobile within the nucleus but entered the nucleus from the cytoplasm much more slowly than fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran of comparable molecular size and much more slowly than predicted from its mobility in cytoplasm.
Pollinator attractiveness increases with distance from flowering orchids

Orchids are extraordinary among plants because many species are pollinated through sexual duplicity by producing flowers that mimic female insects to lure unsuspecting males. Previous work showed that sexual deception by the orchid Chiloglottis trapeziformis can have a negative impact on its wasp pollinator Neozeleboria cryptoides. We report that female wasps may be capable of mitigating the cost of the orchids' deception. Although male wasps quickly habituated to areas planted with unrewarding flower decoys, we found that the effectiveness of the chemical cue used by the wingless females to attract males increases with increasing distance from an orchid patch. The apparent specificity of the males' site–based avoidance strategy means that females emerging in areas occupied by flowering orchids could, potentially, leave the orchid colony by walking to increase their attractiveness.
Impacts of Stress, Self-Efficacy, and Optimism on Suicide Ideation among Rehabilitation Patients with Acute Pesticide Poisoning

Background The high incidence of pesticide ingestion as a means to commit suicide is a critical public health problem. An important predictor of suicidal behavior is suicide ideation, which is related to stress. However, studies on how to defend against stress-induced suicidal thoughts are limited. Objective This study explores the impact of stress on suicidal ideation by investigating the mediating effect of self-efficacy and dispositional optimism. Methods Direct and indirect (via self-efficacy and dispositional optimism) effects of stress on suicidal ideation were investigated among 296 patients with acute pesticide poisoning from four general hospitals. For this purpose, structural equation modeling (SEM) and bootstrap method were used. Results Results obtained using SEM and bootstrap method show that stress has a direct effect on suicide ideation. Furthermore, self-efficacy and dispositional optimism partially weakened the relationship between stress and suicidal ideation. Conclusion The final model shows a significant relationship between stress and suicidal ideation through self-efficacy or dispositional optimism. The findings extended prior studies and provide enlightenment on how self-efficacy and optimism prevents stress-induced suicidal thoughts.
Flexible Live‐Wire: Image Segmentation with Floating Anchors

We introduce Flexible Live‐Wire, a generalization of the Live‐Wire interactive segmentation technique with floating anchors. In our approach, the user input for Live‐Wire is no longer limited to the setting of pixel‐level anchor nodes, but can use more general anchor sets. These sets can be of any dimension, size, or connectedness. The generality of the approach allows the design of a number of user interactions while providing the same functionality as the traditional Live‐Wire. In particular, we experiment with this new flexibility by designing four novel Live‐Wire interactions based on specific primitives: paint, pinch, probable, and pick anchors. These interactions are only a subset of the possibilities enabled by our generalization. Moreover, we discuss the computational aspects of this approach and provide practical solutions to alleviate any additional overhead. Finally, we illustrate our approach and new interactions through several example segmentations.
Physiological maturity of seeds and colorimetry of the fruits of Allophylus edulis [ ( A . St .-Hil . , A . Juss . & Cambess . ) Hieron . ex Niederl . ]

This study aimed to determine the physiological maturity of A. edulis seeds, check if this is achieved in the same maturation stage, regardless of the collection region and, colorimetry of the fruit can be indicative of the time of harvest. Fruits were harvested in three counties of the western region of Paraná and visually classified into five ripening stages according to the color of the pericarp with the help of a digital colorimeter. Analyzed seed variables included morphological characteristics, germination and vigor. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. The maximum dry matter accumulation of seeds was reached when the fruits reached the color orange. With the advance of the ripening process, red color fruits had seeds with lesser moisture content, coinciding with the maximum germination percentage and speed, besides generating seedlings with larger size and biomass accumulation. The green spectrum allowed to discriminate maturity from different places of harvest. A. edulis seeds with physiological maturity should be harvested when fruits present the red color, independent of the harvesting region or, with reflectance values between 28.0 and 49.2 nm in the green range of the color spectrum.
The BRAF V600E mutation is an independent prognostic factor for survival in stage II and stage III colon cancer patients.

BACKGROUND Molecular markers in colon cancer are needed for a more accurate classification and personalized treatment. We determined the effects on clinical outcome of the BRAF mutation, microsatellite instability (MSI) and KRAS mutations in stage II and stage III colon carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Stage II colon carcinoma patients (n = 106) treated with surgery only and 258 stage III patients all adjuvantly treated with 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy were included. KRAS mutations in codons 12 and 13, V600E BRAF mutation and MSI status were determined. RESULTS Older patients (P < 0.001), right-sided (P = 0.018), better differentiated (P = 0.003) and MSI tumors (P < 0.001) were significantly more frequent in stage II than stage III. In both groups, there was a positive association between mutated BRAF and MSI (P = 0.001) and BRAF mutation and right-sided tumors (P = 0.001). Mutations in BRAF and KRAS were mutually exclusive. In a multivariate survival analysis with pooled stage II and stage III data, BRAF mutation was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival [hazards ratio (HR) = 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25-0.8 for OS and HR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.22-0.99]. KRAS mutation conferred a poorer disease-free survival (HR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.38-0.97). CONCLUSIONS The V600E BRAF mutation confers a worse prognosis to stage II and stage III colon cancer patients independently of disease stage and therapy.
Qualitative longitudinal study of episodic disability experiences of older women living with HIV in Ontario, Canada

Objectives To examine the episodic disability experiences of older women living with HIV over time. Design Qualitative longitudinal study, conducting semistructured in-depth interviews on four occasions over a 20-month time frame. Inductive thematic analyses were conducted cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Setting Participants were recruited from HIV community organisations in Canada. Participants 10 women aged 50 years or older living with HIV for more than 6 years. Results Two major themes related to the episodic nature of the women’s disability. Women were living with multiple and complex sources of uncertainty over time including: unpredictable health challenges, worrying about cognition, unreliable weather, fearing stigma and the effects of disclosure, maintaining housing and adequate finances, and fulfilling gendered and family roles. Women describe strategies to deal with uncertainty over time including withdrawing and limiting activities and participation and engaging in meaningful activities. Conclusions This longitudinal study highlighted the disabling effects of HIV over time in which unpredictable fluctuations in illness and health resulted in uncertainty and worrying about the future. Environmental factors, such as stigma and weather, may put older women living with HIV at a greater risk for social isolation. Strategies to promote dealing with uncertainty and building resilience are warranted.