Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autonomous evasive maneuvers triggered by infrastructure-based detection of pedestrian intentions

We present an active pedestrian protection system that performs an autonomous lane-keeping evasive maneuver in urban traffic scenarios when collision avoidance by braking is no longer possible. The system focuses on pedestrians standing at the curb and intending to cross the street despite an approaching car. It is demonstrated that the evasive maneuver of the car can be initiated before the pedestrian's foot hits the lane, by means of video-based motion contour histograms of oriented gradients and stationary detection. Using clothoid-based real-time trajectory planning and a lateral control of the car, combining feedforward and feedback control, the difference between the driven and the calculated trajectories is kept below 10 cm at maximum lateral accelerations of 4 ms-2 and -5 ms-2. We present the technical realization of the system and its precision with respect to intention recognition and driven trajectories. A case study showed that the system reacted faster than human drivers in five out of 11 cases, with an average time gain of 214 ms, even though the drivers were able to pay the utmost attention to the behavior of the crossing pedestrian.
Retrieval-induced forgetting and unwanted thought intrusions

The act of retrieving an existing memory has been found to inhibit the recall of related memories, a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that individuals with a strong RIF effect might be better at suppressing unwanted intrusive thoughts. In Experiment 1 the relationship between RIF and the prevalence of intrusive thoughts was investigated using a sample of 58 normal British participants, who completed three different questionnaires to measure their susceptibility to intrusive thoughts, obsessional thoughts, and impulsive thoughts. Their susceptibility to RIF was also measured, using the standard procedure introduced by Anderson, Bjork, and Bjork (1994). The results showed a significant RIF effect, and, although no significant correlations were found between RIF strength and any of the three measures of intrusive thoughts, there was some evidence to suggest a possible relationship between RIF and intrusive thoughts. In an effort to clarify these inconclusive findings, Experiment 2 investigated the relationship between RIF and intrusive thoughts in a different and more varied population sample, consisting of 90 normal members of the Greek population. Experiment 2 confirmed the RIF effect, but no significant association was found between RIF and intrusive thoughts. These findings therefore offer no support for the hypothesis that RIF assists the suppression of intrusive thoughts in normal individuals.
The binding of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the DNA, RNA, and proteins of transformable cells in culture.

Summary The binding of several labeled carcinogenic hydrocarbons to macromolecular constituents of various cells involved in systems for chemical carcinogenesis in vitro was studied. The hydrocarbons were firmly bound to the DNA, RNA, and proteins of cultured embryonic cells from C3H mice and hamsters and of various cells derived from C3H mouse prostates. The extent of binding in the embryonic cells was very similar to that previously found with mouse skin in vivo. Chemically and spontaneously transformed cells bound 5 to 10 times less hydrocarbon than did the parental nontransformed prostate cells, although less malignant variants obtained from highly malignant clones bound the hydrocarbons to two-thirds the extent of the nontransformed cells. In a series of 5 hydrocarbons, benzo[a]pyrene was bound to proteins to the highest extent, and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene was bound most to nucleic acids. The weakly carcinogenic dibenz[a,c]anthracene was bound to all constituents in all cells to a greater extent than its more carcinogenic isomer, dibenz[a,h]anthracene. There was no significant difference in the binding of hydrocarbons to exponentially growing and nongrowing cells, and the binding was stable and persisted up to 5 weeks when there was no cell growth. However, in growing cells part of the bound material was partitioned by cell division, but some was also lost.
Comprometimento e justiça organizacional: um estudo de suas relações com recompensas assimétricas

Este trabajo tuvo por proposito investigar las implicaciones de la concesion diferenciada de beneficios y remuneracion a dos grupos de empleados, que ejercian funcion identica en una misma empresa, sobre la percepcion de justicia distributiva y de comprometimiento organizacional. A modo de soporte teorico, fueron explotados los constructos de justicia y comprometimiento organizacional. El estudio empirico fue efectuado en una organizacion de la industria bancaria, y tuvo por objeto los datos de una survey realizada junto a una muestra de 679 personas, escindida en dos grupos por distinciones contractuales: el pre-98, con 304 individuos, y el post-98, con 379. La diversidad de los dos grupos, con perfiles bien distintos y con diferencias significativas de beneficios, se revelo bastante proficua para analisis comparativos. como instrumento de levantamiento de datos, fue utilizado un cuestionario compuesto de variables demograficas, de las escalas trifactoriales de comprometimiento en la organizacion y de la dimension de percepcion de justicia distributiva.
Entrepreneurial Risk and Strategic Decision Making

Risk taking has long been a central theme of the entrepreneurship literature. However, research on the risk propensity of entrepreneurs has met with virtually no empirical support even though entrepreneurs consistently engage in risky events. This article attempts to resolve this paradox by examining entrepreneurial risk through the lens of cognitive psychology and decision making. The author proposes that entrepreneurial risk may be explained by recognizing that entrepreneurs use biases and heuristics more, which is likely to lead them to perceive less risk in a given decision situation. The data indicate that entrepreneurs do indeed use representativeness more in their decision making and are more overconfident than managers in large organizations. These findings provide a new perspective for understanding how entrepreneurs deal with the inordinate amount of risk associated with starting new ventures.
War-Related Loss and Suffering in Israeli Society: An Historical Perspective

T SITUATION OF PROTRACTED MILITARY conflict and ensuing existential threat, in which Israel has been involved since its inception, has informed its ethos, social institutions, and public discourse in a myriad ways. ' The routinization of military and "security" considerations as self-evident, integral aspects of social reality is predicated on a special state of mind, designated "civilian militarism" or "cognitive militarism. "' This pattern of militarism may be viewed as a significant cultural meaning system incorporated by many Israelis as a master-schema for articulating a wide range of experiences as security-relevant. In this essay, we are concerned with the articulation of a painful set of experiences associated with the dire consequences of Israel's wearisome cycle of wars and bloodshed. We are specifically interested in the ways warrelated suffering has been constructed, represented, and coped with in Israel over the years. We look diachronically at the management of loss and distress in three areas: the commemoration and representation of fallen soldiers; the emotional expressions of bereavementpatterns of mourning and grief over the dead; and, the manifestation and handling of combatbased psychic trauma. Looking at the emerging patterns in these three domains as socially constructed and historically situated, our aim is twofold. First, we purport to follow and document the variations in these patterns, from shifting forms of memorialization on the collective level to changes in expressive mood on the individual level. Second, we seek to unravel the value orientations informing these patterns and the dynamics underlying their alteration. Our argument is that the converging trajectories of change in these domains bespeak of a significant turn in Israeli
Relational coordination among home healthcare professions and goal attainment in nursing care.

AIM To examine whether interprofessional coordination is related to goal attainment in home visit nursing care. METHODS Self-administered questionnaire surveys were administered to home visit nursing agencies in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, from July to December 2014. Nurses evaluated their interprofessional coordination with professional groups (nursing colleague and managers, home doctors, care managers, home care workers, visiting therapists, day service and day care professionals, visiting bath professionals, and short stay professionals) using the Japanese version of the Relational Coordination Scale (RCS-J). Goal attainment across all clients during the most recent 3 months was measured with a rating scale ranging from incompletely attained (0) to completely attained (10). Data were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 83 nurses in 14 agencies responded, and data from 74 nurses were analyzed. The mean RCS-J and goal attainment scores were 3.59 (standard deviation = 0.47) and 6.51 (1.40), respectively. The RCS-J scores of the low and high goal attainment groups were 3.41 (0.46) and 3.73 (0.42), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that RCS-J scores were positively associated with goal attainment (odds ratio, 5.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.65-19.79). CONCLUSION The finding of this study suggest that well-coordinated professionals may fulfill client needs better than poorly coordinated professionals do. Future research is needed to determine whether similar results are obtained in individual clients using a well-validated goal attainment scale.
Inpatient Portals for Hospitalized Patients and Caregivers: A Systematic Review

Patient portals, web-based personal health records linked to electronic health records (EHRs), provide patients access to their healthcare information and facilitate communication with providers. Growing evidence supports portal use in ambulatory settings; however, only recently have portals been used with hospitalized patients. Our objective was to review the literature evaluating the design, use, and impact of inpatient portals, which are patient portals designed to give hospitalized patients and caregivers inpatient EHR clinical information for the purpose of engaging them in hospital care. Literature was reviewed from 2006 to 2017 in PubMed, Web of Science, CINALPlus, Cochrane, and Scopus to identify English language studies evaluating patient portals, engagement, and inpatient care. Data were analyzed considering the following 3 themes: inpatient portal design, use and usability, and impact. Of 731 studies, 17 were included, 9 of which were published after 2015. Most studies were qualitative with small samples focusing on inpatient portal design; 1 nonrandomized trial was identified. Studies described hospitalized patients’ and caregivers’ information needs and design recommendations. Most patient and caregiver participants in included studies were interested in using an inpatient portal, used it when offered, and found it easy to use and/or useful. Evidence supporting the role of inpatient portals in improving patient and caregiver engagement, knowledge, communication, and care quality and safety is limited. Included studies indicated providers had concerns about using inpatient portals; however, the extent to which these concerns have been realized remains unclear. Inpatient portal research is emerging. Further investigation is needed to optimally design inpatient portals to maximize potential benefits for hospitalized patients and caregivers while minimizing unintended consequences for healthcare teams.
The role of tRNA and ribosome competition in coupling the expression of different mRNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Protein synthesis translates information from messenger RNAs into functional proteomes. Because of the finite nature of the resources required by the translational machinery, both the overall protein synthesis activity of a cell and activity on individual mRNAs are controlled by the allocation of limiting resources. Upon introduction of heterologous sequences into an organism—for example for the purposes of bioprocessing or synthetic biology—limiting resources may also become overstretched, thus negatively affecting both endogenous and heterologous gene expression. In this study, we present a mean-field model of translation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the investigation of two particular translational resources, namely ribosomes and aminoacylated tRNAs. We firstly use comparisons of experiments with heterologous sequences and simulations of the same conditions to calibrate our model, and then analyse the behaviour of the translational system in yeast upon introduction of different types of heterologous sequences. Our main findings are that: competition for ribosomes, rather than tRNAs, limits global translation in this organism; that tRNA aminoacylation levels exert, at most, weak control over translational activity; and that decoding speeds and codon adaptation exert strong control over local (mRNA specific) translation rates.
On Tacit Knowledge in Academia.

will not be enough. Any person entering a new group with the ambition of becoming a fully fledged, competent member has to learn to comply with its fundamental cultural rules. This applies also to academic departments. To function smoothly within the group of teachers, fellow-students and secretaries, the student needs a considerable amount of know-how. Most of it will be acquired slowly through the interaction with others and without anyone ever making a deliberate effort to teach others and without anyone ever making a deliberate effort to teach the newcomer the rules of the game. Nonetheless, failure to comply with these implicit rules will undoubtedly affect the student's standing within the group. In some disciplines and some departments, such a student will forever remain an outsider. If so, this may considerably increase his or her difficulties in making the grade. In other cases the consequences may be less serious, but they are bound to be felt.
The Relationship between Bullying Behaviours and High School Dropout in Cape Town, South Africa

Bullying is generally defined as largely unprovoked, negative physical or psychological actions perpetrated repeatedly over time between bully/ies and victims. Bullying can lead to fear of school, absenteeism, and stunted academic progress, which in turn are precursors to dropping out of school. This paper's aim is to report rates of bullying behaviour, and to investigate whether bullying behaviour predicts high school dropout in Cape Town, South Africa. Stratified, proportional sampling yielded 39 from a total of 214 schools, from which 40 learners were randomly selected from the combined class list of two, randomly chosen, Grade 8 classes in each of the 39 participating schools. Thus 1 470 learners (from a total of 181 018) completed a self-report questionnaire in 1997, and were followed-up in 2001. This report focuses on those learners who had dropped out of school between 1997 and 2001 (n = 776; 55.2%). Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between bullying behaviours and dropout, controlling for factors known to be strongly related to high school dropout, namely age, socioeconomic status, race, or ethnicity, being raised by a single parent, repeating a grade, and substance use. Odds ratios and 95 per cent confidence intervals were calculated, taking the clustering of schools into account. In 1997, 52% of the boys and 37% of the girls had been involved in bullying behaviours. Of the three bullying categories (bully, victim, and bully—victim), girls but not boys in the ‘bully—victim’ category were significantly more likely to drop out of school (OR 1.82; CI 1.09–3.04, and when controlling for confounders OR 2.60; CI 1.32–5.10). The pervasiveness of both high school dropout and bullying behaviour points to an urgent need for future research, and intervention in these areas.
“We Want Them to Be as Heterosexual as Possible”

This article examines heterosexual fathers’ descriptions of conversations with their teen children about sexuality and their perceptions of their teen children’s sexual identities. We show that fathers construct their own identities as masculine and heterosexual in the context of these conversations and prefer that their children, especially sons, are heterosexual. Specifically, fathers feel accountable for their sons’ sexuality and model and craft heterosexuality for them, even as many encourage their sons to stay away from heterosexual relationships and sex until they are older. Fathers are more accepting of homosexuality for their daughters yet question the authenticity of teen lesbian identity and do not recognize their daughters’ sexuality as agentic. They instead construct their daughters as sexually passive and vulnerable and position themselves as their daughters’ protectors. The findings illustrate the complexities of heteronormativity in a context of shifting, frequently contested gender and sexual landscapes.
Examining Cultural Validity of the Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI) in Italy

The problem-solving inventory (PSI) is the most widely used applied problem-solving measure in the United States. Although a great deal of validity and reliability information exists for the PSI, much of this data has been collected in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine the PSI’s psychometric estimates with a large sample of Italian high school students across geographically representative regions of Italy. Results revealed a similar but slightly different PSI factor structure in the Italian PSI, as well as sex differences (which have been rarely found in the U.S. samples) and different associations with intelligence. In addition to providing useful psychometric information for an Italian PSI, this study identifies the complexities of problem-solving appraisal cross-culturally. Finally, this investigation also serves to underscore the necessity to examine the cultural validity of assessment instruments used in the increasing number of cross-national studies: the widespread practice of simply translating inventories developed in one country and then using them in other cultural contexts can create significant methodological problems.
Osteological and Genetic Analysis of the Extinct Ezo Wolf (Canis Lupus Hattai) from Hokkaido Island, Japan

The Ezo wolf (Canis lupus hattai Kishida, 1931) is an extinct subspecies that inhabited Hokkaido in Japan until the middle of the Meiji Period. Because there are very few preserved skeletons, no osteological and/or genetic analyses of the Ezo wolf have been conducted. In this study, 20 cranial and eight mandibular characters were measured on Ezo wolf skeletons, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was analyzed to assess genetic relationships between the Ezo wolf and other wolf lineages, including the Japanese wolf on Honshu. The morphological study showed that the Ezo wolf is larger than the Japanese wolf and similar in size to the grey wolf of the Asian and American Continents. MtDNA control sequences (751 bp) from two Ezo wolves were identical to those from the Canadian grey wolf. The morphological and genetic characters indicate that the ancestor of the Ezo wolf was genetically related to that of the grey wolf in Canada.
The impact of work-family policies on women's employment: a review of research from OECD countries

All industrialized countries, as well as many developing and transition countries, have policies in place to support work-family reconciliation such as care-related leaves, policies that increase the quality or availability of flexible and alternative work arrangements, and childcare supports. While work-family policies share common elements across borders, the extent and nature of supports vary widely across countries. This cross-national diversity in policies has supported a substantial body of research on the effect of different policy designs on women's labor market outcomes and, increasingly, on men's take-up of work-family provisions. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of this research and to draw out implications in terms of policy designs that seem to maximize women's labor force participation, narrow the gender gap in earnings, and increase men's participation in caregiving at home. The paper reviews the research literature on leave policies, flexible and/or alternative work arrangements and childcare supports, and highlights the implications of policy designs for male take-up. The paper then discusses the growing literature on adverse and unintended consequences of work-family policies for gender equality and concludes by highlighting gaps in current knowledge.
Consensus under general convexity

A method is proposed to characterize contraction of a set through orthogonal projections. For discrete-time multi-agent systems, quantitative estimates of convergence (to a consensus) rate are provided by means of contracting convex sets. Required convexity for the sets that should include the values that the transition maps of agents take is considered in a more general sense than that of Euclidean geometry.
Unionized Employees'Perceptions of Role Stress and Fairness during Organizational Downsizing: Consequences for Job Satisfaction, Union Satisfaction and Well-Being

Although a number of studies have shown that the stres and insecurity associated with downsizing may have detrimental consequences for employee work attitudes and well-being, little is known about the consequences for union attitudes. Using questionnaire data from a Swedish hospital, we investigated the relative importance of downsizing-related variables and factors associated with fan treatment for job satisfaction, ulnion satisfaction and well -being. Downsizing characteristics wore negatively associated with job satisfaction and well-being but unrelated to union satisfaction. Fan treatment from the hospital predicted job satisfaction while fan treatment from the union was positively associated with both union satisfaction and well-being. Although there was no evidence that f ainess could moderate the negative effects of downsizing stress on outeomes, the results indicate that an active role by unions in the downsizing proess may have beneficial consequences not only for members'union attitudes but also for their well-being.