Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regional hemodynamics during postexercise hypotension. I. Splanchnic and renal circulations.

Moderate exercise elicits a relative postexercise hypotension that is caused by an increase in systemic vascular conductance. Previous studies have shown that skeletal muscle vascular conductance is increased postexercise. It is unclear whether these hemodynamic changes are limited to skeletal muscle vascular beds. The aim of this study was to determine whether the splanchnic and/or renal vascular beds also contribute to the rise in systemic vascular conductance during postexercise hypotension. A companion study aims to determine whether the cutaneous vascular bed is involved in postexercise hypotension (Wilkins BW, Minson CT, and Halliwill JR. J Appl Physiol 97: 2071-2076, 2004). Heart rate, arterial pressure, cardiac output, leg blood flow, splanchnic blood flow, and renal blood flow were measured in 13 men and 3 women before and through 120 min after a 60-min bout of exercise at 60% of peak oxygen uptake. Vascular conductances of leg, splanchnic, and renal vascular beds were calculated. One hour postexercise, mean arterial pressure was reduced (79.1 +/- 1.7 vs. 83.4 +/- 1.8 mmHg; P < 0.05), systemic vascular conductance was increased by approximately 10%, leg vascular conductance was increased by approximately 65%, whereas splanchnic (16.0 +/- 1.8 vs. 18.5 +/- 2.4 ml.min(-1). mmHg(-1); P = 0.13) and renal (20.4 +/- 3.3 vs. 17.6 +/- 2.6 ml.min(-1). mmHg(-1); P = 0.14) vascular conductances were unchanged compared with preexercise. This suggests there is neither vasoconstriction nor vasodilation in the splanchnic and renal vasculature during postexercise hypotension. Thus the splanchnic and renal vascular beds neither directly contribute to nor attenuate postexercise hypotension.
BOOSTING ALGORITHMS: REGULARIZATION, PREDICTION AND MODEL FITTING

We present a statistical perspective on boosting. Special emphasis is given to estimating potentially complex parametric or nonparametric models, including generalized linear and additive models as well as regression models for survival analysis. Concepts of degrees of freedom and corresponding Akaike or Bayesian information criteria, particularly useful for regularization and variable selection in high-dimensional covariate spaces, are discussed as well. The practical aspects of boosting procedures for fitting statistical models are illustrated by means of the dedicated open-source software package mboost. This package implements functions which can be used for model fitting, prediction and variable selection. It is flexible, allowing for the implementation of new boosting algorithms optimizing user-specified loss functions.
Bioremediation of Atrazine Herbicide Contaminated Soil Using Different Bioremediation Strategies

This study evaluated the bioremediation of atrazine herbicide contaminated agricultural soil under different bioremediation strategies using indigenous Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger as bioaugmentation agents and poultry droppings as biostimulation agent. The results showed that bioaugmentation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bioaugmentation with Bacillus subtilis, bioaugmentation with Aspergillus niger, bioaugmentation with bacterial-fungal consortium (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger) , biostimulation with poultry droppings, and combined biougmentation and biostimulation (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and poultry droppings) resulted in maximum atrazine biodegradation of about 97%, 95%, 84%, 99%, 100% and 100%, respectively. The kinetics of atrazine biodegradation in the soil were modelled using first-order kinetic model and the biodegradation half-life estimated. The first order kinetic model adequately described the kinetics of atrazine biodegradation in soil under the different bioremediation strategies. The rate constants ( k1 ) of atrazine biodegradation in soil subjected to bioaugmentations with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, and bacterial-fungal consortium ranges between 0.059 day-1 and 0.191 day-1 while for that subjected to natural bioattenuation, biostimulation and combined bioaugmentation and biostimulation are 0.026 day-1, 0.164 day- 1 and 0.279 day-1, respectively. The half-life ( 2 t1/ ) of atrazine biodegradation in soil under natural bioattenuation was obtained to be 26.7 days. This was reduced to between 2.5 and 11.7 days under the application of bioaugmentation, biostimulation and combined bioaugmentation and biostimulation strategies. The bioremediation efficiencies of the different bioremediation strategies in influencing atrazine biodegradation or removal is of the following order: Combined bioaugmentation and biostimulation > Bioaugmentation with bacterial-fungal consortium > Biostimulation with poultry droppings > Bioaugmentation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa > Bioaugmentation with Bacillus subtilis > Bioaugmentation with Aspergillus niger > Natural bioattenuation. Keywords : Atrazine; Bioaugmentation; Bioremediation; Biostimulation
A Newly Uncovered Group of Distantly Related Lysine Methyltransferases Preferentially Interact with Molecular Chaperones to Regulate Their Activity

Methylation is a post-translational modification that can affect numerous features of proteins, notably cellular localization, turnover, activity, and molecular interactions. Recent genome-wide analyses have considerably extended the list of human genes encoding putative methyltransferases. Studies on protein methyltransferases have revealed that the regulatory function of methylation is not limited to epigenetics, with many non-histone substrates now being discovered. We present here our findings on a novel family of distantly related putative methyltransferases. Affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry shows a marked preference for these proteins to associate with various chaperones. Based on the spectral data, we were able to identify methylation sites in substrates, notably trimethylation of K135 of KIN/Kin17, K561 of HSPA8/Hsc70 as well as corresponding lysine residues in other Hsp70 isoforms, and K315 of VCP/p97. All modification sites were subsequently confirmed in vitro. In the case of VCP, methylation by METTL21D was stimulated by the addition of the UBX cofactor ASPSCR1, which we show directly interacts with the methyltransferase. This stimulatory effect was lost when we used VCP mutants (R155H, R159G, and R191Q) known to cause Inclusion Body Myopathy with Paget's disease of bone and Fronto-temporal Dementia (IBMPFD) and/or familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Lysine 315 falls in proximity to the Walker B motif of VCP's first ATPase/D1 domain. Our results indicate that methylation of this site negatively impacts its ATPase activity. Overall, this report uncovers a new role for protein methylation as a regulatory pathway for molecular chaperones and defines a novel regulatory mechanism for the chaperone VCP, whose deregulation is causative of degenerative neuromuscular diseases.
The object of knowledge: The role of objects in biomedical innovation

Understanding innovation in the biomedical field requires an appreciation of its highly interactive nature and of the many professional and organizational boundaries that create barriers to interaction and the sharing of knowledge. Yet, research to date has directed much less attention to understanding the intricacies of interactive biomedical innovation in practice, than it has to exploring the factors influencing innovation at an institutional level. Drawing upon empirical research and taking an approach informed by symbolic interactionism and a practice-based perspective on knowledge and learning, this article offers insights into the processes involved in supporting knowledge sharing by focusing on `objects' and the varying roles they play (instrumental and symbolic) in enabling (or potentially disabling) interaction amongst groups and organizations involved in biomedical innovation projects.
Sequential point trees

In this paper we present sequential point trees, a data structure that allows adaptive rendering of point clouds completely on the graphics processor. Sequential point trees are based on a hierarchical point representation, but the hierarchical rendering traversal is replaced by sequential processing on the graphics processor, while the CPU is available for other tasks. Smooth transition to triangle rendering for optimized performance is integrated. We describe optimizations for backface culling and texture adaptive point selection. Finally, we discuss implementation issues and show results.
miR-183 Inhibits UV-Induced DNA Damage Repair in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells by Targeting of KIAA0101

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which miR-183 may contribute to the phenotypic alterations associated with stress-induced senescence of human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. Methods Changes in gene expression induced by miR-183 in HTM cells were evaluated by gene array analysis, confirmed by quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR), and analyzed by MetaCore pathway analysis. Effects of miR-183 on cell proliferation were assessed by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and DNA damage by CometAssay after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in primary HTM cells, and confirmed in human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) and HeLa cells. A plasmid expressing KIAA0101 without its 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) was cotransfected with miR-183 to evaluate the role of KIAA0101 on the effects induced by miR-183. Results miR-183 affected the expression of multiple genes involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA damage response in HTM cells. Forced expression of miR-183 in HTM and HDF resulted in a significant decrease in proliferation in primary HTM and HDF cells but not in HeLa cells. In all cell types tested, overexpression of miR-183 resulted in increased DNA damage under UV irradiation. Expression of KIAA0101 lacking the 3′-UTR region partially prevented the effects of miR-183 on cell proliferation and completely reversed the effects on UV-induced DNA damage. Conclusions Our results suggest that the observed up-regulation of miR-183 after stress-induced senescence in HTM cells may contribute to reinforce cellular senescence by inhibiting cell cycle progression through multiple gene targets and limiting the DNA repair mechanisms through inhibition of KIAA0101.
Management of diverse weed flora of wheat by herbicide combinations

A field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Gwalior, India during Rabi (winter) seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 to evaluate the bio-efficacy of different herbicides to control diverse weed flora especially Phalaris minor in wheat. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design, replicated three times, and consisted of 12 treatments including four treatment as pendimethalin (0.75 kg/ ha) as pre-emergence (PE); sulfosulfuron (0.025 kg/ha), metribuzin (0.21 kg/ha), clodinafop (0.06 kg/ha) as post-emergence (PoE) used individually and six of different herbicidal combinations as pendimethalin + metribuzin (1.0 + 0.175 kg/ ha PE), pendimethalin + sulfosulfuron (1.0 + 0.018 kg/ha PE and PoE), sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron (0.03 + 0.002 kg/ha at 5 WAS), pinoxaden + metsulfuron (0.06 + 0.004 kg/ha at 5 WAS), mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron(0.012 + 0.0024 kg/ha at 5 WAS), clodinafop + metsulfuron (0.06 + 0.004 kg/ha at 5 WAS), weedy check and as two hand weedings at 30 and 60 DAS. The highest mortality of weeds and the maximum grain yield of 5.00 t/ha and 4.07 t/ha with 38.2%, 31.0% increase in grain yield over weedy check were recorded with two hand weedings at 30 and 60 DAS (weed free) followed by herbicidal combination as pinoxaden + metsulfuron (0.06 + 0.004 kg/ha at 5 WAS) as PoE application during 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively. Whereas, the highest B:C ratio of (3.69) was obtained with pinoxaden + metsulfuron (pre-mix) followed by sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron (3.67).
Negative selection of human germinal center B cells by prolonged BCR cross-linking

The antigen receptors on T and B lymphocytes can transduce both agonist and antagonist signals leading either to activation/survival or anergy/death. The outcome of B lymphocyte antigen receptor (BCR) triggering depends upon multiple parameters which include (a) antigen concentration and valency, (b) duration of BCR occupancy, (c) receptor affinity, and (d) B cell differentiation stages. Herein, using anti- immunoglobulin kappa and lambda light chain antibodies, we analyzed the response of human naive, germinal center (GC) or memory B cells to BCR cross-linking regardless of heavy chain Ig isotype or intrinsic BCR specificity. We show that after CD40-activation, anti-BCR (kappa + gamma) can elicit an intracellular calcium flux on both GC and non-GC cells. However, prolonged BCR cross-linking induces death of CD40- activated GC B cells but enhances proliferation of naive or memory cells. Anti-kappa antibody only kills kappa + GC B cells without affecting surrounding gamma + GC B cells, thus demonstrating that BCR- mediated killing of GC B lymphocytes is a direct effect that does not involve a paracrine mechanism. BCR-mediated killing of CD40-activated GC B cells could be partially antagonized by the addition of IL-4. Moreover, in the presence of IL-4, prestimulation through CD40 could prevent subsequent anti-Ig-mediated cell death, suggesting a specific role of this combination in selection of GC B cells. This report provides evidence that in human, susceptibility to BCR killing is regulated along peripheral B cell differentiation pathway.
Detecting change in dynamic fitness landscapes

Change detection enables an evolutionary algorithm operating in a dynamic environment to respond with undertaking necessary steps for maintaining its performance. We consider two major types of change detection, population-based and sensor-based. For population-based we show its relation to statistical hypothesis testing and analyze it using receiver-operating characteristics. For sensor-based the relationship between detection success and number of employed sensors is studied and the dimensionality problem is addressed. Finally, we discuss how both types of change detection compare to each other.
Serial dependencies act directly on perception.

There is good evidence that biological perceptual systems exploit the temporal continuity in the world: When asked to reproduce or rate sequentially presented stimuli (varying in almost any dimension), subjects typically err toward the previous stimulus, exhibiting so-called "serial dependence. " At this stage it is unclear whether the serial dependence results from averaging within the perceptual system, or at later stages. Here we demonstrate that strong serial dependencies occur within both perceptual and decision processes, with very little contribution from the response. Using a technique to isolate pure perceptual effects (Fritsche, Mostert, & de Lange, 2017), we show strong serial dependence in orientation judgements, over the range of orientations where theoretical considerations predict the effects to be maximal. In a second experiment we dissociate responses from stimuli to show that serial dependence occurs only between stimuli, not responses. The results show that serial dependence is important for perception, exploiting temporal redundancies to enhance perceptual efficiency.
Dismantling the fence for social justice? Evidence based on the inequity of urban green space accessibility in the central urban area of Beijing

Gated communities have become a common feature in recent decades and have been shown to lead to social inequality to the detriment of the poorest social classes. Because access to urban green space is crucial for both physical health and spiritual pleasure, it is often regarded as an indicator of social justice; however, there are many references to the current inequity in urban green space accessibility. Our study aimed first to measure the potential spatial accessibility of green space in the central urban area of Beijing; then to evaluate the socio-economic disparities in green space accessibility; and finally, to assess the effect of the policy of “opening up gated residential communities” on urban green space accessibility. We adopt the Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment to assess the spatial accessibility of green spaces in each residential zone in the central area of Beijing, and the ordinary least squares model was used to evaluate the inequity in accessibility caused by socio-economic disparities. The results reveal that lower income residential zones have remarkably lower access to green spaces. Next, by comparing the differences in accessibility equity between two comparable scenarios in which all communities have dismantled their fences, we unexpectedly find that the inequity of access to urban green space does not improve but becomes more pronounced. We attribute this result to socio-spatial polarization. Our findings can be used by urban planners to target current urban planning system reform and by policymakers to focus closely on the gradual spatial polarization between the rich and the poor.
Telemedicine for Epilepsy: A Useful Contribution

Telemedicine is the practice of medicine when the doctor and the patient are not in the same place, by using modern communication technology. These technologies are nothing more complicated than e-mail for asynchronous communication and videoconferencing equipment for interactions in real time. In neurology, realtime telemedicine uses videoconferencing equipment connected usually at a bandwidth of 384 kbit/s over ISDN lines and provides images that, although not of television quality, are easily interpretable. The patient is at a location remote from the neurologist with a nurse or other doctor; the neurologist can take a history, watch and direct a neurologic examination, review any radiologic images, and reach a diagnosis and management plan. Such real-time teleneurology should be seen not as an end in itself but as a solution to a problem (1). It has proved itself in solving a number of specific neurologic problems; reduced access to a neurologist for acute neurologic admissions to hospitals without a resident neurologist, wasted neurologist travel time in outpatient neurology, and access to intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for rural patients with acute stroke. In the first of these, real-time teleneurology for unselected acute neurologic admissions to a rural hospital with no on-site neurologist was associated with reduced length of inpatient stay compared with conventional care (2). In the second, the investigation rate of a cohort of new neurologic outpatients managed by telemedicine, although higher than a conventionally managed cohort, was well within the range of that of other neurologists (3,4). Finally, a number of studies have shown that using telemedicine can enable rural stroke patients to receive intravenous tPA within the required 3-h time window (5–7). Patients with epilepsy also may have a problem in accessing specialist care. In the developing world, very few
PCNA stimulates catalysis by structure-specific nucleases using two distinct mechanisms: substrate targeting and catalytic step

The sliding clamp Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) functions as a recruiter and organizer of a wide variety of DNA modifying enzymes including nucleases, helicases, polymerases and glycosylases. The 5′-flap endonuclease Fen-1 is essential for Okazaki fragment processing in eukaryotes and archaea, and is targeted to the replication fork by PCNA. Crenarchaeal XPF, a 3′-flap endonuclease, is also stimulated by PCNA in vitro. Using a novel continuous fluorimetric assay, we demonstrate that PCNA activates these two nucleases by fundamentally different mechanisms. PCNA stimulates Fen-1 by increasing the enzyme's binding affinity for substrates, as suggested previously. However, PCNA activates XPF by increasing the catalytic rate constant by four orders of magnitude without affecting the KM. PCNA may function as a platform upon which XPF exerts force to distort DNA substrates, destabilizing the substrate and/or stabilizing the transition state structure. This suggests that PCNA can function directly in supporting catalysis as an essential cofactor in some circumstances, a new role for a protein that is generally assumed to perform a passive targeting and organizing function in molecular biology. This could provide a mechanism for the exquisite control of nuclease activity targeted to specific circumstances, such as replication forks or damaged DNA with pre-loaded PCNA.
Contribution of Kinins to Endotoxin Shock in Unanesthetized Rhesus Monkeys

The effects of endotoxin (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas pseudomallei) were studied in 18 unanesthetized rhesus monkeys restrained in primate chairs. Indwelling arterial and venous catheters were used for hemodynamic measurements and blood sampling. Whole blood kinin, plasma kininogen, lysosomal enzymes, complete blood counts, and blood gas tensions were measured. Within an hour of beginning the infusion of the endotoxin, the mean arterial pressure and systemic peripheral resistance decreased significantly in the 18 experimental monkeys compared to 13 control monkeys. These early changes were associated with significant elevation in whole blood kinin concentration and a decrease in plasma kininogen. All of these early changes were most marked in the animals that died. Granulocytopenia occurred within 15 minutes, and the concentration of free lysosomal enzyme in the plasma rose 2 hours after endotoxin infusion. The preterminal phase of shock was characterized by a low peripheral vascular resistance and decreasing cardiac output without elevation of kinin levels. These findings support the hypothesis that kinins play a pathogenetic role in the early phase of endotoxin-induced shock and that the severity of the early phase may influence the animal's survival. The relation of kinins to other vasoactive substances released after endotoxin-induced shock is unknown.
Title Modeling and assessing climatic trends

Climate studies often fit linear trends to data. In many cases simplifying assumptions such as independent errors and constant variance are used. We review a variety of approaches to estimating linear trends, and illustrate with US temperature data how oversimplified assumptions may lead to false significance. We outline a variety of methods to fit nonlinear trend models. Using the Berkeley Earth global data set we show that a bent cable fit is better than a linear fit for this series. We also review spatial and spatiotemporal trend models in mean, variance and extremes, as well as models with long term memory structure.
Fingerprinting websites using remote traffic analysis

Recent work has shown that traffic analysis of data carried on encrypted tunnels can be used to recover important semantic information. As one example, attackers can find out which website, or which page on a website, a user is accessing simply by monitoring the traffic patterns. We show that traffic analysis is a much greater threat to privacy than previously thought, as such attacks can be carried out remotely. In particular, we show that, to perform traffic analysis, adversaries do not need to directly observe the traffic patterns. Instead, they can send probes from a far-off vantage point that exploit a queuing side channel in routers. We demonstrate the threat of such remote traffic analysis by developing a remote website fingerprinting attack that works against home broadband users. Because the observations obtained by probes are more noisy than direct observations, we had to take a new approach to detection that uses the full time series data contained in the observation, rather than summary statistics used in previous work. We perform k-nearest neighbor classification using dynamic time warping (DTW) distance metric. We find that in our experiments, we are able to fingerprint a website with 80% accuracy in both testbed and target system. This shows that remote traffic analysis represents a real threat to privacy on the Internet.