Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectrum allocation and optimization in femtocell networks

Two-tier femtocell networks have been shown to provide superior performance in terms of indoor user coverage and data rate as compared to conventional macrocellular networks. Nevertheless, when macrocells and femtocells share the whole spectrum, macrocellular communication links suffer severely from inter-tier interference, further exacerbated in dense femtocell network deployments. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate optimal subchannel allocation strategies and characterize their dependence on network density in two-tier femtocell networks. In this paper, we consider a joint subchannel scheme, in which the whole spectrum is shared by both tiers, as well as a disjoint subchannel scheme, whereby disjoint sets of subchannels are assigned to each tier. We derive analytical expressions for the performance of different spectrum allocation schemes in terms of success probability and per-tier network throughput. Furthermore, we formulate the aggregate network throughput maximization problem subject to quality of service constraints in terms of success probabilities and per-tier minimum rate, and provide practically relevant solutions and insights on the optimal spectrum allocation scheme. Our results indicate that with closed access femtocells, the optimized joint and disjoint subchannel schemes provide the highest throughput among all schemes in sparse and dense femtocell network, respectively.
Introduction of the euro in CEE countries – is it economically justifiable? The Croatian case

This article analyses correlation of demand and supply shocks between the EMU and the CEECs in order to see whether there is some degree of business cycle coordination between them. The main interest is to investigate the impact on Croatia and compare it with other CEECs. Information on the correlation of demand and supply shocks between the EMU and CEECs is important if a country wants to join the monetary union, since synchronisation of business cycles and policy coordination will have a significant impact on willingness to enter the monetary union (unless the decision is a political one). We employ structural vector autoregression in order to identify demand and supply shocks and analyse their correlation, size and speed of adjustment. The results indicate that at the moment Croatia is far from ready for the common monetary policy of the EMU, while among other CEE countries Slovenia and Latvia have the closest connection between their business cycles and those of the EMU.
Compact subsets of spaces of holomorphic functions.

In [1] compactness criteria in function spaces are investigated for general coorbit spaces. As an application it is shown that a bounded and closed subset A ⊂ F := {f : f is entire and Z C |f(z)|2e−|z| dλ(z) < ∞} is compact if and only if ∀2 > 0 ∃ a compact subset C ⊂ Cn with Z CC |f(z)|2e−|z| dλ(z) < 2 ∀f ∈ A. The methods of [1] cannot be easily adopted for the spaces Fm := {f : f is entire and Z C |f(z)|2e−|z|m dλ(z) < ∞} and the Bergman-spaces B2(Ω). Here Ω is a bounded domain. We will be able to derive a generalization of the above mentioned result to the spaces Fm and B2(Ω). Furthermore we will be able to derive a sufficient compactness conditions for subsets A of the Fock-space in terms of the Taylor-expansion of the functions f ∈ A. We will introduce increasing norm-spaces, that are a natural generalization of the above mentioned spaces. The main result will be proven for increasing norm-spaces and the results for the spaces Fm and B2(Ω) will follow from this result. 1. Preliminaries In [1] compactness criteria in function spaces are investigated for general coorbit spaces. As an application [1] considers the special case of the Fock-space F := {f : f is entire and ∫ C |f(z)|2e−|z|2 dλ(z) < ∞}. We will equip F with the topology induced by the inner product (f, g) = ∫ C f(z)g(z)e−|z| 2 dλ(z), where f, g ∈ F . Here λ denotes the Lebesgue-measure on C. The approach from [1] has the disadvantage that it makes use of unitary representations of the underlying spaces. In the case of the Fock-space the Fock-Bargmann 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 46B50.
Iron Overload Disorders: Treatment Options for Patients Refractory to or Intolerant of Phlebotomy

Iron overload disorders involve excess accumulation of iron in body tissues as a result of hereditary and nonhereditary diseases. If left untreated, tissue iron deposition can result in organ damage. Treatment options such as phlebotomy, chelating agents, and erythrocytapheresis can prevent complications and target organ damage. Although phlebotomy is the gold standard for iron overload treatment in the setting of hereditary hemochromatosis, this procedure is usually not feasible for other iron overload conditions, especially those associated with anemia. With the introduction of newer, oral chelating agents, more options are available for patients refractory to or intolerant of parenteral chelating agents.
How Do Analyst Recommendations Respond to Major News?

Abstract We examine how analysts respond to public information when setting stock recommendations. We model the determinants of analysts' recommendation changes following large stock price movements. We find evidence of an asymmetry following large positive and negative returns. Following large stock price increases, analysts are equally likely to upgrade or downgrade. Following large stock price declines, analysts are more likely to downgrade. This asymmetry exists after accounting for investment banking relationships and herding behavior. This result suggests recommendation changes are “sticky” in one direction, with analysts reluctant to downgrade. Moreover, this result implies that analysts' optimistic bias may vary through time.
Retinoic acid receptor-beta as a prognostic indicator in stage I non-small-cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE Retinoids are pivotal in the growth and differentiation of certain epithelial tissues, interacting with nuclear retinoid receptors (the retinoic acid receptors [RARs] and retinoid X receptors [RXRs]), which function as transcription factors. RAR-beta mRNA is undetectable by in situ hybridization (ISH) in 50% of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC). RAR-beta may suppress tumorigenicity. Therefore, we hypothesized that loss of expression of RAR-beta gene in stage I NSCLC is a prognostic factor of a poor clinical outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed RAR-beta mRNA levels (by ISH using a digoxigenin-labeled antisense riboprobe) in specimens from 185 consecutive patients with completely resected clinical/radiographic stage I NSCLC for whom clinical follow-up data were available. RESULTS One hundred fifty-six patients who met the criteria of pathologic stage I NSCLC and positivity for RXR-alpha mRNA (used as a control to assess RNA degradation) and who had adequate follow-up could be evaluated. RAR-beta mRNA expression was undetectable in 51 patients, weakly positive in 64 patients, and strongly positive in 41 patients. Overall survival of the 41 patients with strongly positive RAR-beta was significantly worse than for the 115 patients with weak or absent RAR-beta (P =.045). CONCLUSION Unexpectedly, strong RAR-beta expression was associated with a significantly worse outcome of early-stage NSCLC. The mechanisms underlying this clinically and biologically important finding should be further explored.
At least some protist species are not ubiquitous

Body size is one of the main regulators of the ecological characteristics of living organisms, including their biogeography. The ‘ubiquity hypothesis’ for microorganisms states that they are widely distributed, if not cosmopolitan, due to their small size that allows passive dispersal, in contrast to large organisms that are limited by geographical barriers in their active dispersal. Such idea, summarized in the tenet ‘Everything is everywhere, but the environment selects’, has driven most of the research in biogeography for microscopic organisms in the last decades, spurring a debate on whether there are fundamental differences in the biogeography of small and large organisms or not (Fenchel & Finlay 2004; Foissner 2008; Hortal 2011). The strong focus on the ubiquity hypothesis may have been often abused to provide a rationale for otherwise descriptive work on the spatial distribution of microscopic organisms; nevertheless, such focus also provides a framework to understand the mechanisms originating and maintaining biodiversity in space. The reliability of the analyses on unknown and understudied organisms is improving, and Heger et al. (2013) is a splendid example on small unicellular eukaryotes of what should be done to overcome the major problems and ambiguities that heated the debate on the ubiquity hypothesis.
A Review of Calcium Antagonists and Atherosclerosis

Many detailed studies have demonstrated that calcium antagonists can suppress development of diet-induced atherosclerosis in the thoracic aorta of animals. A number of possible mechanisms have been proposed based on in vitro work, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Alteration of serum lipid levels and blood pressure does not appear to be the common pathway. Differing effects between calcium antagonists of different classes indicate that the voltage-dependent calcium channel-blocking action common to all calcium antagonists is not the sole mechanism. Preliminary results of several major quantitative angiographic studies in human coronary artery disease have recently become available and indicate that calcium antagonists are able to retard the progression of existing lesions in humans also. There is also evidence that calcium antagonists may prevent the development of new lesions and, in some cases, induce lesion regression. Longer follow-up and further trials are required to assess the appropriateness of widespread clinical application of these agents in coronary artery disease, to determine the optimal timing for their introduction, and to define their mechanism of action in influencing the natural history of atherosclerosis.
Institutional Environments for Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Emerging Economies in Eastern Europe

In this article, we sought to empirically validate an instrument for measuring country institutional profiles for the promotion of entrepreneurship in a sample of 254 business students from three emerging economies: Bulgaria, Hungary, and Latvia. Results from the confirmatory factor analysis suggest high reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the instrument. Further, we find important differences in the three dimensions (regulatory, cognitive, and normative) of the institutional profiles across the three emerging economies, reflecting their idiosyncratic cultural norms and values, traditions, and institutional heritage in promoting entrepreneurship. Implications for future research, managerial practice, and public policy are discussed.
Patterns in litter fall and litter decomposition along an altitudinal gradient in the Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary, Central Himalaya

Patterns in litter fall and litter decomposition were studied along an altitudinal gradient in the Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary of central Himalaya. The study area was stratified into three broad altitudinal zones: lower (1600–1900 m), mid (1900–2100 m), and higher (2100–2400 m), based on the occurrence of major forest types (e.g. chir pine, chir oak and oak). Three plots of 100 × 100 m were selected in each altitudinal zone and the amount of litter was measured by placing five litter traps of 1 × 1 m randomly on the forest floor at each site. Litter decomposition was studied using the nylon bags technique. The results reveal that production of litter decreases with elevation in the Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary. At lower elevations, the litter is primarily composed of chir pine needles and woody litter, and is highest in June and lowest in January. There was a similar trend in litter production at mid elevations, whereas at higher elevations, the maximum litter fall was recorded in May. There are variations in decomposition rates, and the most rapid dry weight loss begins with the onset of the rainy season and continues into the post-monsoon period up to November. The rate of decomposition in the study area is lower than in other central Himalayan forests due to the location, which forms a transition zone between temperate and sub-tropical forest.
Estimating the cost-effectiveness of a classroom-based abstinence and pregnancy avoidance program targeting preadolescent sexual risk behaviors

Previous research has suggested that school-based pregnancy prevention programs that provide sexual education and related forms of support and foster life skill development are effective in improving preadolescents' attitudes toward abstinence and contraception. However, there has been limited research on the cost-effectiveness of such programs. This study used an economic approach to estimate the short- and long-term cost-effectiveness of a school-based pregnancy prevention education program by controlling for various influential factors, including predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. The results of this study indicate that school-based health education intervention improves preadolescents' attitudes toward abstinence and pregnancy avoidance through contraceptive use. The findings also indicate that the program is cost-efficient and demonstrate its net benefits based on its long-term impact. The findings demonstrate that spending US$1000 on school-based health education intervention fosters the prevention of 13.67 unintended pregnancies among preadolescents. Sexual abstinence helps society avoid the associated public welfare, socioeconomic, and medical/health-care costs of such pregnancies. The implication of this study is that these school-based health education programs should be widely implemented in high-risk neighborhoods.
Bayesian Analysis of a Regime Switching In-Mean Effect for the Polish Stock Market

The study aims at a statistical verification of breaks in the risk-return relationship for shares of individual companies quoted at the Warsaw Stock Exchange. To this end a stochastic volatility model incorporating Markov switching in-mean effect (SV-MS-M) is employed. We argue that neglecting possible regime changes in the relation between expected return and volatility within an ordinary SV-M specification may lead to spurious insignificance of the risk premium parameter (as being 'averaged out' over the regimes). Therefore, we allow the volatility-in-mean effect to switch over different regimes according to a discrete homogeneous two- or three-state Markov chain. The model is handled within Bayesian framework, which allows to fully account for the uncertainty of model parameters, latent conditional variances and state variables. MCMC methods, including the Gibbs sampler, Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and the forward-filtering-backward-sampling scheme are suitably adopted to obtain posterior densities of interest as well as marginal data density. The latter allows for a formal model comparison in terms of the in-sample fit and, thereby, inference on the 'adequate' number of the risk premium regimes.
Clustering in foreign exchange markets : price, trades and traders

The aim of this thesis is to study three types of clustering in foreign exchange markets, namely in price, trades arrivals and investors decisions. We investigate the statistical properties of the EBS order book for the EUR/USD and USD/JPY currency pairs and the impact of a ten-fold tick size reduction on its dynamics. A large fraction of limit orders are still placed right at or halfway between the old allowed prices. This generates price barriers where the best quotes lie for much of the time, which causes the emergence of distinct peaks in the average shape of the book at round distances. Furthermore, we argue that this clustering is mainly due to manual traders who remained set to the old price resolution. Automatic traders easily take price priority by submitting limit orders one tick ahead of clusters, as shown by the prominence of buy (sell) limit orders posted with rightmost digit one (nine). The clustering of trades arrivals is well-known in financial markets and Hawkes processes are particularly suited to describe this phenomenon. We raise the question of what part of market dynamics Hawkes processes are able to account for exactly. We document the accuracy of such processes as one varies the time interval of calibration and compare the performance of various types of kernels made up of sums of exponentials. Because of their around-the-clock opening times, FX markets are ideally suited to our aim as they allow us to avoid the complications of the long daily overnight closures of equity markets. One can achieve statistical significance according to three simultaneous tests provided that one uses kernels with two exponentials for fitting an hour at a time, and two or three exponentials for full days, while longer periods could not be fitted within statistical satisfaction because of the non-stationarity of the endogenous process. Fitted timescales are relatively short and endogeneity factor is high but sub-critical at about 0.8. Most agent-based models of financial markets implicitly assume that the agents interact through asset prices and exchanged volumes. Some of them add an explicit trader-trader interaction network on which rumors propagate or that encode groups that take common decisions. Contrarily to other types of data, such networks, if they exist, are necessarily implicit, which makes their determination a more challenging task. We analyze transaction data of all the clients of two liquidity providers, encompassing several years of trading. By assuming that the links between agents are determined by systematic simultaneous activity or inactivity, we show that interaction networks do exist. In addition, we find that the (in)activity of some agents systematically triggers the (in)activity of other traders, defining lead-lag relationships between the agents. This implies that the global investment flux is predictable, which we check by using sophisticated machine learning methods.
The State of Agribusiness Teaching, Research, and Extension at the Turn of the Millennium

mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, and strategic alliances; and a general industrialization mentality unfolds. This need for agribusiness research has been alluded to or implied by the comments of leaders in academia and industry (Armbruster; Barry; Boehlje; Drabenstott; Eidman; Urban 1991, 1998). With many departments facing retirements in the next few years, this is an opportune time to examine the future direction of agricultural economics and agribusiness. Ten years ago, following the release of the National Agribusiness Education Commission Lincoln Report, debate in the agricultural economics profession centered on the question "Is agribusiness something that we as agricultural economists should be doing? " (Downey). Today, the question has become "How do we incorporate agribusiness into our departments and existing programs? " Furthermore, although the emphasis of the Lincoln Report was on education, there have been ramifications on agribusiness research and extension/outreach efforts because most faculty have split appointments. This article provides a baseline of the current state of agribusiness teaching, research, and extension/outreach programs around the country and suggests implications for the future direction of agribusiness. We present the results of a survey of agricultural economics department heads from around the United S ates. The following section describes the survey methodology, the questions included, and the response rate. We then report the results a d discuss outcomes and implications. The concluding section provides insights into the direction for agribusiness within agricultural economics departments over the next five years.
HYPOTHALAMIC DIGOXIN, HEMISPHERIC CHEMICAL DOMINANCE, AND EATING BEHAVIOR

The isoprenoid pathway produces an endogenous membrane Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitor, digoxin, which can regulate neurotransmitter and amino acid transport. Digoxin synthesis and neurotransmitter patterns were assessed in eating disorders. The patterns were compared in those with right hemispheric and left hemispheric dominance. The serum HMG CoA reductase activity, RBC membrane Na+-K+ ATPase activity, serum digoxin, magnesium, tryptophan catabolites (serotonin, quinolinic acid, strychnine, and nicotine), and tyrosine catabolites (morphine, dopamine, and noradrenaline) were measured in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, right hemispheric dominant, left hemispheric dominant, and bihemispheric dominant individuals. Digoxin synthesis was increased with upregulated tryptophan catabolism and downregulated tyrosine catabolism in those with anorexia nervosa and right hemispheric chemical dominance. Digoxin synthesis was reduced with downregulated tryptophan catabolism and upregulated tyrosine catabolism in those with bulimia nervosa and left hemispheric chemical dominance. The membrane Na+-K+ ATPase activity and serum magnesium were decreased in anorexia nervosa and right hemispheric chemical dominance while they were increased in bulimia nervosa and left hemispheric chemical dominance. Hypothalamic digoxin and hemispheric chemical dominance play a central role in the regulation of eating behavior. Anorexia nervosa represents the right hemispheric chemically dominant/hyperdigoxinemic state and bulimia nervosa the left hemispheric chemically dominant/hypodigoxinemic state.
The Effect of Age on Portfolio Choices: Evidence Form an Italian Pension Fund

Optimal Portfolio Theory prescribes that investors reduce their exposure to financial market risk as they get near to retirement. To assess the effect of ageing on portfolio choices, we study the case of an Italian defined contribution pension fund during the period 2002-08. We find that on average the willingness to hold risky assets does indeed significantly decrease with age, but we also document that inertial behaviour is quite widespread, and can be very costly.
Third Party Intervention and the Bargaining Behavior of Group Representatives

The present study compared the effects of content, process, and passive types of third party intervention on the bargaining behavior of pairs of group representatives. The setting was a simulated school board-teachers' union dispute over a new contract. Each side was represented by one person who was instructed to bargain tenaciously and to obtain as much as possible. The job of the representatives was either in jeopardy (high accountability) or not (low accountability). In the content intervention condition, a reasonable settlement was suggested to the representatives by the third party. In the process intervention condition, he taught them how to paraphrase. In the passive condition he had them take a break from their negotiations. For the high accountable representatives, as predicted, the order of effectiveness of the interventions (number of agreements, average joint profit, and speed of resolution), from most to least, was content, process, and passive. Contrary to expectations, the process intervention did not produce the highest average joint profit for the low accountability representatives. The representatives who did reach agreement in the low accountability process and content conditions, however, achieved higher joint profits than the representatives in the passive condition. Directions for further research were indicated.