Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The optimal effect-site concentration of sufentanil for laryngeal mask insertion during induction with target-controlled propofol infusion at 4.0 μg/mL

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the optimal effect-site concentration (Ce) of sufentanil for satisfactory insertion of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) when administered with a target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol at 4.0 μg/mL. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 adult patients scheduled for minor elective surgery were enrolled in this study. All patients received induction with a combination of propofol and sufentanil TCI. The TCI of sufentanil was started at a target Ce of 0.1 ng/mL. After equilibrium with the plasma concentration, the TCI of propofol was initiated, targeting a preset Ce of 4.0 μg/mL. After the loss of consciousness, LMA was inserted and assessed by an experienced Anesthesiologist. The Ce of sufentanil for the next patient was guided by modified Dixon's up-and-down method using 0.05 ng/mL as a step size. The Ce of sufentanil required for successful LMA insertion in 50% of adults (EC50) was determined by calculating the midpoint concentration of all independent pairs of patients after at least seven crossover points. Results: The optimal Ce (EC50) of sufentanil for LMA insertion during propofol induction using target Ce of 4 μg/mL was 0.16 ng/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.12-0.20). There was a significant reduction in propofol induced pain score P = 0.0275 and insignificant hemodynamic changes. Conclusion: Ce of sufentanil required for successful LMA insertion in 50% of patients (EC50) using propofol target Ce of 4.0 μg/mL was 0.16 ng/mL (95% CI = 0.12-0.20) with a significant reduction in the propofol induced pain and hemodynamic stability.
Attentive Language Models

In this paper, we extend Recurrent Neural Network Language Models (RNN-LMs) with an attention mechanism. We show that an “attentive” RNN-LM (with 11M parameters) achieves a better perplexity than larger RNN-LMs (with 66M parameters) and achieves performance comparable to an ensemble of 10 similar sized RNN-LMs. We also show that an “attentive” RNN-LM needs less contextual information to achieve similar results to the state-of-the-art on the wikitext2 dataset.
Linear Quadratic Optimal and Risk-Sensitive Control for Vehicle Active Suspensions

This paper is concerned with time-domain optimal control of active suspensions. The optimal control problem formulation is generalized by incorporating both road disturbances (ride quality) and a representation of driver inputs (handling quality) into the optimal control formulation. A regular optimal control problem as well as a risk-sensitive exponential optimal control performance index is considered. Emphasis is placed on practical considerations including the issue of state estimation in the presence of load disturbances (driver inputs).
Helena Antipoff (1892-1974) : A synthesis of swiss and Soviet psychology in the context of Brazilian education

Helena Antipoff played an important role in the development of a sociocultural perspective in educational psychology in Brazil. Drawing on her previous training in Paris, Geneva, and Petrograd, she proposed an original explanation for the high rates of school failure in the public system, from 1929 onward, when she became chairwoman of one of the first laboratories of psychology established in the country. This article focuses on her work, divided into 3 periods: the experience in Europe (1909-1929), the critique of the public educational system in Brazil (1929-1945), and the proposal of alternatives (1945-1974). Her contribution to the analysis of the development of intellectual skills in children, based on cultural and environmental factors, is related to the influence of Genevan interactionists and of Soviet cultural-historical theory, within the context of a critical view of the Brazilian educational system.
Reliability of Repeated Sprint Exercise in Non-Motorised Treadmill Ergometry

Although repeated sprint tests are relatively common, there have been few investigations of repeated sprint exercise using non-motorised treadmill ergometry. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of a repeated sprint procedure using this apparatus. Ten healthy, active males, performed three repeated sprint tests (six repetitions of 6 s sprints with 30 s recovery) on three separate occasions. Performance as determined by maximal speed, average force production, and fatigue were compared across the three trials. Maximal speed and average force were not significantly different between visits (p < 0.05) and a variety of reliability measures suggested good agreement (e.g., coefficient of variations no more than 5 %). The fatigue indices for maximal speed and for average force were generally less reliable (coefficients of variation around 30 % in both cases). In conclusion, measures of performance (maximal speed and average force) can provide reliable results in a repeated sprint protocol but the reliability of fatigue measures appears to be low.
Mapping of Transrectal Ultrasonographic Prostate Biopsies

Objective. Mapping of transrectal ultrasonographic (TRUS) prostate biopsies is of fundamental importance for either diagnostic purposes or the management and treatment of prostate cancer, but the localization of the cores seems inaccurate. Our objective was to evaluate the capacities of an operator to plan transrectal prostate biopsies under 2‐dimensional TRUS guidance using a registration algorithm to represent the localization of biopsies in a reference 3‐dimensional ultrasonographic volume. Methods. Thirty‐two patients underwent a series of 12 prostate biopsies under local anesthesia performed by 1 operator using a TRUS probe combined with specific third‐party software to verify that the biopsies were indeed conducted within the planned targets. Results. The operator reached 71% of the planned targets with substantial variability that depended on their localization (100% success rate for targets in the middle and right parasagittal parts versus 53% for targets in the left lateral base). Feedback from this system after each series of biopsies enabled the operator to significantly improve his dexterity over the course of time (first 16 patients: median score, 7 of 10 and cumulated median biopsy length in targets of 90 mm; last 16 patients, median score, 9 of 10 and a cumulated median length of 121 mm; P = .046). Conclusions. In addition to being a useful tool to improve the distribution of prostate biopsies, the potential of this system is above all the preparation of a detailed “map” of each patient showing biopsy zones without substantial changes in routine clinical practices.
‘The Ferringees are flying—the ship is ours!’

This article is part of a broader project that seeks to ‘read against the grain’ in reconstructing the experiences of convicts transported overseas to prisons and penal settlements in South and Southeast Asia during the nineteenth century. In many ways, convict ships are empty archival spaces. Colonial officials recorded their departure and arrival, and enumerated and described the convicts on board, often in meticulous detail. However, the limitations of these records make the experiences of convict men and women on board transportation vessels more difficult to access. This article will attempt to do so through an analysis of convict ship mutinies. From the 1830s there were more than a dozen incidents in which convicts rose against their captains and made a bid for freedom. These mutinies were trans-gressive acts that reveal much about convict journeys into transportation: the limitations of colonial regulation of convict vessels, conditions on board ship, and the alliances forged between convicts and crew. They also reveal the multidimensional nature of the convict middle passage, and dispel simplistic notions of single convict identities and experiences.
Neural and Behavioral Discrimination of Sound Duration by Cats

Sound duration is important for distinguishing auditory object. Previous studies on the neural representation of duration have usually lacked psychophysical data obtained from the same species; hence, the correspondence between neural and behavioral discrimination of duration remains obscure. We addressed this issue in cats by using the signal detection theory to investigate both neural activities in the primary auditory cortex (A1) and the cat's behavioral performance. We found that 320 ms duration can be well discriminated from 10 ms duration by some A1 neurons with specific response patterns: sustained response extended proportionally with the increase of stimulus duration and the On–Off response synchronizing stimulus onset and offset. Neurons with only On response cannot discriminate duration. The discrimination performance of both sustained and On–Off responses deteriorated as the target duration decreased from 320 to 20 ms and the percentage of discriminative neurons (correct rate >0.75) decreased from 40 to 2%. Compared with the psychophysical results, we found that the psychometric functions of cats well matched the neurometric functions of most sustained-response neurons and a small number of On–Off-response neurons. Pooling the spikes of multiple units improved neural discrimination, which may be attributable to the salience (noise reduction) of the responses in pooled data. Our results suggest that the sustained and Off responses of A1 neurons underlie the duration discrimination behavior of cats.
Meta‐analyses of love scales: Do various love scales measure the same psychological constructs?

Abstract: Two statistical meta-analyses synthesized 33 empirical studies which investigated the correlation between relationship satisfaction and two types of love: Erotic Love and Companionate Love, measured by various love scales based on four major theories by Rubin, Lee, Hatﬁeld, and Sternberg. The results drawn by the Hunter-Schmidt method showed that satisfaction was highly correlated with Erotic Love, but that its correlation with Companionate Love was unclear due to heterogeneity in the total sample of the all Companionate Love studies. A moderator analysis indicated a potential moderator, that is, theoretical differences between Lee's Color Theory of Love and the other three theories. The result suggested that a Companionate Love named “Storge” in the Color Theory should not be mixed up with other friendship-style loves deﬁned by other theories as the Storge subscale would measure a different psychological construct.
"Speaking as a Heterosexual": (How) Does Sexuality Matter for Talk-in-Interaction?

This article focuses on the ways in which heterosexuality is routinely deployed as a taken-for-granted resource in ordinary interactions. Using the foundational data sets of conversation analysis (CA), this article analyzes the conversational practices through which cointeractants, in the course of accomplishing other activities, routinely produce themselves and each other as heterosexual. These practices include heterosexual topic talk and person reference terms: husband and wife; in-law terminology; identification of the other with reference to their spouse; the production of heterosexual "couples"; and the use of locally initial proterms. Finally, this article discusses the implications both for CA and for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender studies of the ways in which a normative taken-for-granted heterosexual world is produced and reproduced in everyday talk-in-interaction and suggests that the research reported here further opens up the analytic possibilities of CA for studying culture, understood as constructed through and by particular practices for managing interaction.
2007 Presidential Address—The End(s) of Testing

This expanded version of the 2007 Presidential Address for the American Educational Research Association approaches changes in assessment and accountability from the perspective of achieving balance. The author identifies unresolved conceptual and practical issues in the use of assessment in the schools and describes approaches intended to mitigate problems or improve practice. An example is given from formative assessment research that integrates some of these approaches (Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing, at the University of California, Los Angeles). International examples of performance and assessment are also reviewed. The author suggests that secondary school assessment be modified to focus students on acquiring concrete Qualifications that certify important accomplishments, with a wide choice of Qualification areas. She argues that using concrete accomplishments and restructuring tests will help schools and their students to regain needed balance.
Students’ use of power in the classroom: An investigation of student power, teacher power, and teacher immediacy

The purposes of this study were to examine: (1) students’ use of power to gain compliance from instructors, (2) the association between students’ use of power and their instructors’ power, and (3) students’ use of power and the nonverbal immediacy of the instructor. The results revealed that even though students did not feel they had a great amount of influence with their instructors, they used a variety of behavior alteration techniques (BATs) to gain compliance from them. Specifically, students reported using prosocial strategies most frequently and antisocial techniques least frequently. The results also revealed a positive association between students’ overall sense of power and their perception of their teachers’ power. Instructors’ use of reward power was also related to students’ use of prosocial BATs. Conversely, instructors’ use of coercive power was associated with students’ antisocial BATs. Finally, students tended to use expert power more with nonverbally immediate teachers than nonimmediate teachers. Students’ use of BATs did not depend upon the nonverbal immediacy of the instructor. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.
Effects of profound early institutional deprivation: An overview of findings from a UK longitudinal study of Romanian adoptees

A randomly selected sample of 165 children from Romania (of whom 144 had been reared in institutions) who were adopted by UK families, with placement before the age of 42 months, was studied at 4, 6, and 11 years of age. Comparisons were made with a sample of 52 non-institutionalized UK children adopted before the age of 6 months, who were studied in the same way. The paper briefly summarizes circumstances at the time of adoption and then reports findings at age 11, focusing on changes between 6 and 11. Marked catch-up in psychological functioning was evident following adoption, but significant problems continued in a substantial minority of the children placed after the age of 6 months. The theoretical implications of the findings are considered, and the policy implications are noted.
“Honey, We Don't Do Men”

This research examines the effects of gender role stereotypes on the provision of services to adult, noninstitutionalized male victims of sexual assault. Thirty sexual assault crisis providers in a major Southeastern city participated in in-depth interviews focusing on their experiences with male sexual assault victims, their attitudes toward these men, and the services provided by their organizations. Although official reports of male sexual assault victims are relatively uncommon, our research confirms that male victims do exist and that they are more numerous than official statistics indicate. Moreover, our findings suggest that traditional gender role stereotypes, lack of responsiveness to male victims, and gaps in service provision prevent sexually assaulted men from getting the help they need.
Le populisme ? Neuf réponses

Les AA. s'accordent sur le flou du concept de populisme. Son rapport avec le fascisme est rappele. Il est revelateur d'une crise de representation et d'un ecart entre les elites dirigeantes et le peuple. La reference et l'appel au peuple depourvu de toute barriere de classe, de toute mediation et depolitise est une des caracteristiques du populisme. Celui-ci repose aussi bien sur des references a la democratie directe que sur le culte du chef. Il s'articule autant autour de l'identite que de la protestation et des ressentiments nes des crises. Le caractere illusoire du pouvoir pretendant s'exercer directement « au nom du peuple » est mis en evidence
Decomposing and connecting object representations in 5‐ to 9‐year‐old children's drawing behaviour

This study aimed at specifying the content of the representational redescription (RR) process assumed by Karmiloff-Smith (1992) with respect to the emergence of interrepresentational flexibility in children’s drawing behaviour. We hypothesized that the RR process included part-whole decomposition processes that are essential to the ability to produce cross-categorical drawings. We presented 5- to 9-year-old children with either a two-part (TP) or a several-part (SP) decomposition task involving a house and a man (experimental conditions) or with no such decomposition task (control condition), prior to a connection task (drawing a man-house). The results showed that connection performances were better in children who had previously decomposed the objects into two parts than in children assigned to the control group. This positive ‘priming’ effect was attributed to the activation of part-whole analysis processes that further facilitated the management of complex connections between the objects. From a domain-general perspective, drawing has been used to study internal representational changes and to reveal the constraints acting on such changes. Since Karmiloff-Smith’s (1990) pioneering work on children’s drawings of ‘non-existent objects’, much interest has been devoted to the study of children’s ability to produce representational innovations in their drawings. Challenging children to innovate elicits considerable modifications of their internal object representations. The extent to which children can transform their internal representations was taken as valuable evidence of the degree of representational flexibility present at that age. Karmiloff-Smith (1990) asked children who had acquired full behavioural control of the drawing of some familiar objects to introduce innovations in their habitual way of drawing (drawing ‘non-existent objects’). She showed that changes introduced by the young children (4–6 years) involved deletions and changes in size and shape of elements, whereas older children (8–10 years) changed position and orientation of
A Visual Servoing approach for road lane following with obstacle avoidance

This paper presents a local navigation strategy with obstacle avoidance applied to autonomous robotic automobiles in urban environments, based on the validation of a Visual Servoing controller in a Dynamic Window Approach. Typically, Visual Servoing applications do not consider velocity changes to stop the robot in danger situations or avoid obstacles, while performing the navigation task. However, in several urban conditions, these are elements that must be deal with to guarantee the safe movement of the car. As a solution for this problem, in this work a line following Visual Servoing controller will be used to perform road lane following tasks and its control outputs will be validated in an Image-Based Dynamic Window Approach. The final solution is a validation scheme for the Visual Servoing velocities which allows the obstacle avoidance, taking into account the car kinematics and some dynamics constraints. Experiments in simulation and with a full-sized car show the viability of the proposed methodology.
Electronic monitoring and voice prompts improve hand hygiene and decrease nosocomial infections in an intermediate care unit*

ObjectiveTo determine whether electronic monitoring of hand hygiene and voice prompts can improve hand hygiene and decrease nosocomial infection rates in a surgical intermediate care unit. DesignThree-phase quasi-experimental design. Phase I was electronic monitoring and direct observation; phase II was electronic monitoring and computerized voice prompts for failure to perform hand hygiene on room exit; and phase III was electronic monitoring only. SettingNine-room, 14-bed intermediate care unit in a university, tertiary-care institution. All patient rooms, utility room, and staff lavatory were monitored electronically. ParticipantsAll healthcare personnel including physicians, nurses, nursing support personnel, ancillary staff, all visitors and family members, and any other personnel interacting with patients on the intermediate care unit. All patients with an intermediate care unit length of stay >48 hrs were followed for nosocomial infection. InterventionsElectronic monitoring during all phases, computerized voice prompts during phase II only. Measurements and Main ResultsWe evaluated a total of 283,488 electronically monitored entries into a patient room with 251,526 exits for 420 days (10,080 hrs and 3,549 patient days). Compared with phase I, hand hygiene compliance in patient rooms improved 37% during phase II (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.83) and 41% in phase III (odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.84). When adjusting for patient admissions during each phase, point estimates of nosocomial infections decreased by 22% during phase II and 48% during phase III; when adjusting for patient days, the number of infections decreased by 10% during phase II and 40% during phase III. Although the overall rate of nosocomial infections significantly decreased when combining phases II and III, the association between nosocomial infection and individual phase was not significant. ConclusionsElectronic monitoring provided effective ongoing feedback about hand hygiene compliance. During both the voice prompt phase and postintervention phase, hand hygiene compliance and nosocomial infection rates improved suggesting that ongoing monitoring and feedback had both a short-term and, perhaps, a longer-term effect.
Blood pressure normalization is associated with normal left ventricular mass but not carotid geometry: the ICARe Dicomano Study

Objective While many studies have examined the relation between antihypertensive treatment and ventricular hypertrophy, relatively few data are available regarding changes in arterial structure due to blood pressure reduction. Therefore, we compared normotensive to untreated hypertensive subjects to uncontrolled (treated with elevated blood pressure values) or controlled (treated with normal blood pressure values) hypertensive older subjects. Patients Community-dwellers (age ≥ 65 years) of a small town in Italy (Dicomano) underwent extensive clinical examination, echocardiography, carotid ultrasonography, and applanation tonometry. Of the 614 participants, 173 subjects were normotensive; among the hypertensive subjects, 225 were untreated (51%), 177 (40%) were uncontrolled, and only 39 (9%) were controlled. Results The majority of treated hypertensive subjects were on monotherapy (82%). Subjects with a history of coronary artery disease or stroke were more frequently treated. Controlled hypertensives had left ventricular mass index similar to normotensives but lower than uncontrolled and untreated hypertensives. There were no differences among the three hypertensive groups in carotid artery structure. Only the pressure-independent stiffness index was reduced in the treated hypertensive subjects compared to untreated hypertensives, with no difference between controlled and uncontrolled subjects. Conclusions In our community-based, older population, antihypertensive treatment was associated with a normal left ventricular mass only when blood pressure was well controlled. In contrast, carotid artery remodeling and atherosclerosis were independent of antihypertensive treatment as well as of achievement of satisfactory blood pressure control. However, antihypertensive treatment was associated with significantly higher carotid compliance even in the absence of detectable changes in carotid structure.