Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Listeriosis Infection of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in a Diabetic Patient

A rare case of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) infected by Listeria monocytogenes in a 72-year-old male diabetic farmer, is reported. Our patient had a history of a recent pneumonia that could have been caused by Listeria too. Aneurysm infection was manifested by fever and abdominal and back pain, which prompted investigation with CT scanning that revealed a 4.9 cm AAA with typical signs of infection. He underwent urgent AAA repair with aortobifemoral bypass grafting and had an uneventful course. Aneurysm content microbiology revealed Listeria monocytogenes and following a 9-week course of antibiotics our patient remains asymptomatic 11 months later.
Galaxy clustering in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS): a first comparison with the APM Galaxy Survey

We compare the large-scale galaxy clustering in the new Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) early data release (EDR) with the clustering in the APM Galaxy Survey. We cut out pixel maps (identical in size and shape) from the SDSS and APM data to allow a direct comparison of the clustering. Here we concentrate our analysis on an equatorial SDSS strip in the South Galactic Cap (EDR/SGC) of 166 deg 2 , 2°. 5 wide and 65° long. Only galaxies with Petrosian magnitudes 16.8 < g' < 19.8 are included to match the surface density of the 17 < b J < 20 APM pixel maps (median depth of ∼400 h - 1 Mpc). Both the amplitude and the shape of the angular two-point function and variance turn out to be in very good agreement with the APM on scales smaller than 2° (or ≤ 15 h - 1 Mpc). The three-point function and skewness are also in excellent agreement within a 90 per cent confidence level. On the one hand these results illustrate that the EDR data and SDSS software pipelines work well and are suitable to carry out analysis of large-scale clustering. On the other hand they confirm that large-scale clustering analysis is becoming 'repeatable' and therefore that our conclusions for structure formation models seem to stand on solid scientific grounds.
Rethinking play and pedagogy in early childhood education: Concepts, contexts and cultures

© 2011 Sue Rogers for selection and editorial material. Individual chapters, the contributors. All rights reserved. Bringing together a collection of chapters from international experts in the field of early childhood education, Rethinking Play and Pedagogy in Early Childhood Education seeks to explore how play in the Early Years is valued as a means of learning. The book discusses how play is presented, transformed by institutional and pedagogical discourses and ultimately experienced by children. Adopting cultural, conceptual and contextual approaches to play and pedagogy across its chapters, this book addresses contemporary emerging issues surrounding play and pedagogy including: the application of critical and socio-cultural analyses to play in early childhood renewed interest in the aesthetic, creative and affective dimensions of play in early childhood education competing discourses of 'performativity', market forces, social reconstruction and child-centredness children's voice and participation within educational settings globalization, migration and cultural pluralism the role of digital technology in early childhood education diversity, identity and social justice within early childhood settings. With international appeal and relevance, this book will be of interest to students taking undergraduate, Masters and doctoral courses in early childhood education, childhood and education studies as well as academic teachers and researchers, policy-makers and international agencies working with young children.
Interactions of Pex7p and Pex18p/Pex21p with the Peroxisomal Docking Machinery: Implications for the First Steps in PTS2 Protein Import

ABSTRACT Peroxisomal PTS2-dependent matrix protein import starts with the recognition of the PTS2 targeting signal by the import receptor Pex7p. Subsequently, the formed Pex7p/cargo complex is transported from the cytosol to the peroxisomal docking complex, consisting of Pex13p and Pex14p. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the latter event is thought to require the redundant Pex18p and Pex21p. Here we mapped the Pex7p interaction domain of Pex13p to its N-terminal 100 amino acids. Pex18p and Pex21p also interacted with this region, albeit only in the presence of Pex7p. Expression of an N-terminally deleted version of Pex13p in a pex13Δ mutant failed to restore growth on fatty acids due to a specific defect in the import of PTS2-containing proteins. We further show by yeast two-hybrid analysis, coimmunoprecipitation, and in vitro binding assays that Pex7p can bind Pex13p and Pex14p in the absence of Pex18p/Pex21p. The PTS2 protein thiolase was shown to interact with Pex14p but not with Pex13p in a Pex7p- and Pex18p/Pex21p-dependent manner, suggesting that only Pex14p binds cargo-loaded PTS2 receptor. We also found that the cytosolic Pex7p/thiolase-containing complex includes Pex18p. This complex accumulated in docking mutants but was absent in cells lacking Pex18p/Pex21p, indicating that Pex18p/Pex21p are required already before the docking event.
Philosophy of the Social Sciences: Towards Pragmatism

Acknowledgements. Introduction. Chapter 1. Emile Durkheim's naturalism. Introduction. An uneasy relationship with positivism. How to be a proper sociologist. Application: the study of suicide. Evaluation. Further reading. Bibliography. Chapter 2. Max Weber's interpretative method. Introduction. Transcending the Methodenstreit. Ideal types and different types of action. Application: the Protestant Ethic. Evaluation. Further reading. Bibliography. Chapter 3. Karl Popper's falsificationism. Introduction. What science is about. The controversy with Kuhn. How to make social science scientific. The problem with historicism and utopianism. Methodological individualism. Evaluation. Further reading. Bibliography. Chapter 4. Critical realism. The realist bandwagon. Realism, reality and causality. Creative scientists at work. Contributions to social theory. Application: British politics. Evaluation. Further reading. Bibliography. Chapter 5. Critical Theory. Introduction. The Early Frankfurt School. Jurgen Habermas. Further reading. Bibliography. Chapter 6. Richard Rorty and Pragmatism. Introduction. American pragmatism and Rorty. The myth of scientific method. The new left and the cultural left. Evaluation. Further reading. Bibliography. Chapter 7. A Pragmatist philosophy of the social sciences. Outline of a pragmatist view. Cultural anthropology. Archaeology. History and social sciences. Some concluding remarks. Notes. References and Bibliography. Index
Encyclopedia of children, adolescents, and the media

From Internet censorship to sex and violence on television and in video games to debates over rock lyrics, the media and their affect on children and adolescents is one of the most widely debated issues in our society. The Encyclopedia of Children, Adolescents, and the Media presents state-of-the-art research and ready-to-use facts on the media's interaction with children and adolescents. With over 400 entries, the two volumes of this resource cover the traditional and electronic media and their controversial impact - for good and ill - on children and adolescents. Key features include: - provides cross-disciplinary coverage from the fields of psychology, education, media studies and communication, sociology and public policy; - offers a cross-cultural perspective with internationally contributing authors; - includes entries covering television, film, video games, the Internet, magazines and music; - explores complex and difficult topics such as violence, sex, rating systems and warning labels, attention-deficit disorder, body image and eating disorders, popular music lyrics, advertising, digital music downloading, parental involvement, policymaking and child development.
Immunosuppressive factor(s) specific for L-glutamic acid50-L-tyrosine50 (GT). III. Generation of suppressor T cells by a suppressive extract derived from GT-primed lymphoid cells

Injection of mice with L-glutamic acid50-L-tyrosine50 (GT)- or L- glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT)-specific suppressor T- cell factor (GT-TsF or GAT-TsF) up to 5 wk before antigenic challenge challenge suppresses GT-methylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA) and GAT- MBSA plaque-forming cells responses. T suppressor cells are responsible for the suppression induced by the suppressive extract as demonstrated by adoptive transfer and sensitivity to anti-Thy-1 and complement treatment. We conclude that suppressive extract induces specific suppressor T cells. The material responsible for generation of suppressor T cells is a product of the I subregion of the H-2 complex. We have excluded that suppressive quantities of antigens are present in the extract. A/J mice, which can neither be suppressed by GT nor make GT-TsF can be suppressed by BALB/c GT-tsf. Spleen cells from BALB/c GT TsF-primed A/J mice can adoptively transfer suppression to normal syngeneic recipients. A/J mice appear to be genetically defective in cells involved in factor production. These results are discussed in the light of a two-step model for induction of antigen-specific suppressor cells.
ATP Release from Vascular Endothelia Occurs Across Cx43 Hemichannels and Is Attenuated during Hypoxia

Background Extracellular ATP is an important signaling molecule for vascular adaptation to limited oxygen availability (hypoxia). Here, we pursued the contribution of vascular endothelia to extracellular ATP release under hypoxic conditions. Methodology, Principal Findings We gained first insight from studying ATP release from endothelia (HMEC-1) pre-exposed to hypoxia. Surprisingly, we found that ATP release was significantly attenuated following hypoxia exposure (2% oxygen, 22±3% after 48 h). In contrast, intracellular ATP was unchanged. Similarly, lactate-dehydrogenase release into the supernatants was similar between normoxic or hypoxic endothelia, suggesting that differences in lytic ATP release between normoxia or hypoxia are minimal. Next, we used pharmacological strategies to study potential mechanisms for endothelial-dependent ATP release (eg, verapamil, dipyridamole, 18-alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid, anandamide, connexin-mimetic peptides). These studies revealed that endothelial ATP release occurs – at least in part - through connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannels. A real-time RT-PCR screen of endothelial connexin expression showed selective repression of Cx43 transcript and additional studies confirmed time-dependent Cx43 mRNA, total and surface protein repression during hypoxia. In addition, hypoxia resulted in Cx43-serine368 phosphorylation, which is known to switch Cx43 hemi-channels from an open to a closed state. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, these studies implicate endothelial Cx43 in hypoxia-associated repression of endothelial ATP release.
The emergence of hydrogeophysics for improved understanding of subsurface processes over multiple scales

Geophysics provides a multidimensional suite of investigative methods that are transforming our ability to see into the very fabric of the subsurface environment, and monitor the dynamics of its fluids and the biogeochemical reactions that occur within it. Here we document how geophysical methods have emerged as valuable tools for investigating shallow subsurface processes over the past two decades and offer a vision for future developments relevant to hydrology and also ecosystem science. The field of “hydrogeophysics” arose in the late 1990s, prompted, in part, by the wealth of studies on stochastic subsurface hydrology that argued for better field‐based investigative techniques. These new hydrogeophysical approaches benefited from the emergence of practical and robust data inversion techniques, in many cases with a view to quantify shallow subsurface heterogeneity and the associated dynamics of subsurface fluids. Furthermore, the need for quantitative characterization stimulated a wealth of new investigations into petrophysical relationships that link hydrologically relevant properties to measurable geophysical parameters. Development of time‐lapse approaches provided a new suite of tools for hydrological investigation, enhanced further with the realization that some geophysical properties may be sensitive to biogeochemical transformations in the subsurface environment, thus opening up the new field of “biogeophysics. ” Early hydrogeophysical studies often concentrated on relatively small “plot‐scale” experiments. More recently, however, the translation to larger‐scale characterization has been the focus of a number of studies. Geophysical technologies continue to develop, driven, in part, by the increasing need to understand and quantify key processes controlling sustainable water resources and ecosystem services.
Bihemispheric Leftward Bias in a Visuospatial Attention-Related Network

Asymmetry of spatial attention has long been described in both disease (hemispatial neglect) and healthy (pseudoneglect) states. Although right-hemisphere specialization for spatial attention has been suggested, the exact neural mechanisms of asymmetry have not been deciphered yet. A recent functional magnetic resonance imaging study from our laboratory serendipitously revealed bihemispheric left-hemifield superiority in activation of a visuospatial attention-related network. Nineteen right-handed healthy adult females participated in two experiments of visual half-field presentation. Either facial expressions (experiment 1) or house images (experiment 2) were presented unilaterally and parafoveally for 150 ms while subjects were engaging a central fixation task. Brain regions previously associated with a visuospatial attention network, in both hemispheres, were found to be more robustly activated by left visual field stimuli. The consistency of this finding with manifestations of attention lateralization is discussed, and a revised model based on neural connectivity asymmetry is proposed. Support for the revised model is given by a dynamic causal modeling analysis. Unraveling the basis for attention asymmetry may lead to better understanding of the pathogenesis of attention disorders, followed by improved diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, the proposed model for asymmetry of visuospatial attention might provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying functional brain lateralization in general.
Antifertility Activity of the Ethanolic Extract of Cassia occidentalis, Derris brevipes Variety Brevipes and Justicia simplex

3 Abstract: The powdered roots of Derris brevipes variety coriacea and its ethanolic extract were screened for antifertility activity in proven fertile female rats at 200 and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively following an oral dose on day 1 to 7 of pregnancy. Both doses of the root powder of Derris brevipes variety coriacea showed 50% anti-implantation activity and the number of litters born were reduced significantly. The ethanolic extract exhibited 40% anti-implantation activity, when given orally at 600mg/kg body weight. The rats, which continued their pregnancy, did not deliver any litters after their full term. Hence, the combined antifertility (anti-implantation and abortifacient) activity of the ethanolic extract was 100%. The results suggest that the ethanolic extract possesses more abortifacient type effect than the anti-implantation activity. The ethanolic extract also exhibited weak estrogenic activity when given alone when tested in immature ovariectomised female albino rats. But, when given along with ethinyl estradiol, it exhibited slight antiestrogenic activity. Histological and biochemical estimations confirmed this activity.
Switch from Enfuvirtide to Raltegravir Lowers Plasma Concentrations of Darunavir and Tipranavir: a Pharmacokinetic Substudy of the EASIER-ANRS 138 Trial

ABSTRACT We compared tipranavir and darunavir concentrations measured at steady state in 20 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients enrolled in the EASIER-ANRS 138 clinical trial who switched from enfuvirtide to raltegravir while maintaining the same background regimen. The geometric mean ratios of the observed predose concentration (Ctrough), maximum concentration of drug observed in plasma (Cmax), and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) before (day 0) and after (week 24) the switch were 0.49, 0.76, and 0.67 and 0.82, 0.68, and 0.64 for tipranavir and darunavir, respectively. The virologic consequences of these drug interactions have yet to be determined.
Detecting repeated patterns using Partly Locality Sensitive Hashing

Repeated patterns are useful clues to learn previously unknown events in an unsupervised way. This paper presents a novel method that detects relatively long variable-length unknown repeated patterns in a motion sequence efficiently. The major contribution of the paper is two-fold: (1) Partly Locality Sensitive Hashing (PLSH) [1] is employed to find repeated patterns efficiently and (2) the problem of finding consecutive time frames that have a large number of repeated patterns is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem which is solved via Dynamic Programming (DP) in polynomial time O(N1+1/α) thanks to PLSH where N is the total amount of data. The proposed method was evaluated by detecting repeated interactions between objects in everyday manipulation tasks and outperformed previous methods in terms of accuracy or computational time.
GLOBAL STABILITY WITH A STATE-DEPENDENT DELAY IN RATE CONTROL

We characterize the stability conditions with an arbitrary statedependent time-varying round-trip delay in the context of single-flow and singleresource for Kelly’s optimization based rate control scheme using invariance techniques. It is shown that the stability conditions with an arbitrary fixed delay are sufficient for the stability of the system with a state-dependent time-varying delay.
Mechanistic Insights into Hsp 104 Potentiation *

Potentiated variants of Hsp104, a protein disaggregase from yeast, can dissolve protein aggregates connected to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying Hsp104 potentiation remain incompletely defined. Here, we establish that 2–3 subunits of the Hsp104 hexamer must bear an A503V potentiating mutation to elicit enhanced disaggregase activity in the absence of Hsp70. We also define the ATPase and substratebinding modalities needed for potentiated Hsp104A503V activity in vitro and in vivo. Hsp104A503V disaggregase activity is strongly inhibited by the Y257A mutation that disrupts substrate binding to the nucleotide-binding domain 1 (NBD1) pore loop and is abolished by the Y662A mutation that disrupts substrate binding to the NBD2 pore loop. Intriguingly, Hsp104A503V disaggregase activity responds to mixtures of ATP and adenosine 5 -( -thio)-triphosphate (a slowly hydrolyzable ATP analogue) differently from Hsp104. Indeed, an altered pattern of ATP hydrolysis and altered allosteric signaling between NBD1 and NBD2 are likely critical for potentiation. Hsp104A503V variants bearing inactivating Walker A or Walker B mutations in both NBDs are inoperative. Unexpectedly, however, Hsp104A503V retains potentiated activity upon introduction of sensor-1 mutations that reduce ATP hydrolysis at NBD1 (T317A) or NBD2 (N728A). Hsp104T317A/A503V and Hsp104A503V/N728A rescue TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43), FUS (fused in sarcoma), and -synuclein toxicity in yeast. Thus, Hsp104A503V displays a more robust activity that is unperturbed by sensor-1 mutations that greatly reduce Hsp104 activity in vivo. Indeed, ATPase activity at NBD1 or NBD2 is sufficient for Hsp104 potentiation. Our findings will empower design of ameliorated therapeutic disaggregases for various neurodegenerative diseases.
Envelope-Constrained Neutralization-Sensitive HIV-1 After Heterosexual Transmission

Heterosexual transmission accounts for the majority of human immunodeficiency virus–1 (HIV-1) infections worldwide, yet the viral properties that determine transmission fitness or outgrowth have not been elucidated. Here we show, for eight heterosexual transmission pairs, that recipient viruses were monophyletic, encoding compact, glycan-restricted envelope glycoproteins. These viruses were also uniquely sensitive to neutralization by antibody from the transmitting partner. Thus, the exposure of neutralizing epitopes, which are lost in chronic infection because of immune escape, appears to be favored in the newly infected host. This reveals characteristics of the envelope glycoprotein that influence HIV-1 transmission and may have implications for vaccine design.
Vasopressin mRNA regulation in individual hypothalamic nuclei: a northern and in situ hybridization analysis

The present study examines the relative levels of vasopressin (AVP) mRNA within the paraventricular (PVN), supraoptic (SON), and suprachiasmatic (SCN) nuclei of the rat hypothalamus, and details the rates at which these levels change over the course of a 6 d salt- loading regimen. The quantitation of vasopressin mRNA was achieved by using three different procedures: (1) cell-free translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate or (2) Northern analysis of poly(A)RNAs isolated from micro-punch dissected SON, PVN, and SCN, and (3) in situ hybridization histochemistry. The former involved the quantitative immunoprecipitation of the neurophysin precursors containing arginine8- vasopressin (AVP) or oxytocin, and the latter two techniques employed a radiolabeled synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to the 3′ region of the AVP mRNA. Both the cell-free studies and the Northern gel analyses detected a sevenfold increase of AVP mRNA in the SON, a fivefold increase in the PVN, and no significant change in the SCN following 6 d of salt-loading. After the initiation of salt-drinking, these increases were shown to occur between 24 and 48 hr in the SON and between 48 and 72 hr in the PVN. The in situ hybridization studies revealed the anatomically correct hybridization of either 32P- or 3H- labeled AVP oligonucleotide to magnocellular perikarya within both the SON and PVN. Autoradiographic grains could be shown to be confined to the cytoplasm of these cells, and could be co-localized with immunoreactivity directed against the carboxy terminus of the AVP percursor. Comparison of x-ray level autoradiograms of control and 6 day salt-loaded SON revealed up to a sevenfold increase in specific signal in the salt-loaded sections. It is concluded that the response of AVP mRNA to osmotic stimuli in the three hypothalamic nuclei is heterogeneous, and that this heterogeneity can be explained by separating AVP neurons into two systems: one responsible for eliciting the antidiuretic actions of AVP via plasma AVP levels, and the other involved in CNS activities not directly involved with antidiuresis.