Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroimmune regulation of ventilator-induced lung injury.

RATIONALE Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) contributes to the mortality in patients with acute lung injury by increasing inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that stimulation of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway may be an attractive way to attenuate inflammatory injury. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of vagus nerve signaling in VILI and establish whether stimulation of the vagus reflex can mitigate VILI. METHODS We performed bilateral vagotomy in a mouse model of high-tidal volume-induced lung injury. We performed pharmacological and electrical vagus nerve stimulation in a rat model of VILI following ischemia/reperfusion injury. To determine the contribution of the alpha 7 acetylcholine nicotinic receptor to pulmonary cell injury, we exposed human bronchial epithelial cells to cyclic stretch in the presence of specific agonist or antagonist of the alpha 7 receptor. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Vagotomy exacerbates lung injury from VILI in mice as demonstrated by increased wet-to-dry ratio, infiltration of neutrophils, and increased IL-6. Vagal stimulation attenuates lung injury in rats after ischemia/reperfusion injury ventilated with high-volume strategies. Treatment of both mice and rats with the vagus mimetic drug semapimod resulted in decreased lung injury. Vagotomy also increased pulmonary apoptosis, whereas vagus stimulation (electrical and pharmacological) attenuated VILI-induced apoptosis. In vitro studies suggest that vagus-dependent effects on inflammation and apoptosis are mediated via the α7 nicotinc acetylcholine receptor-dependent effects on cyclic stretch-dependent signaling pathways c-jun N-terminal kinase and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 6. CONCLUSIONS Stimulation of the cholinergic antiinflammatory reflex may represent a promising alternative for the treatment of VILI.
Labeled RTDP: Improving the Convergence of Real-Time Dynamic Programming

RTDP is a recent heuristic-search DP algorithm for solving non-deterministic planning problems with full observability. In relation to other dynamic programming methods, RTDP has two benefits: first, it does not have to evaluate the entire state space in order to deliver an optimal policy, and second, it can often deliver good policies pretty fast. On the other hand, RTDP final convergence is slow. In this paper we introduce a labeling scheme into RTDP that speeds up its convergence while retaining its good anytime behavior. The idea is to label a state s as solved when the heuristic values, and thus, the greedy policy defined by them, have converged over s and the states that can be reached from s with the greedy policy. While due to the presence of cycles, these labels cannot be computed in a recursive, bottom-up fashion in general, we show nonetheless that they can be computed quite fast, and that the overhead is compensated by the recomputations avoided. In addition, when the labeling procedure cannot label a state as solved, it improves the heuristic value of a relevant state. This results in the number of Labeled RTDP trials needed for convergence, unlike the number of RTDP trials, to be bounded. From a practical point of view, Labeled RTDP (LRTDP) converges orders of magnitude faster than RTDP, and faster also than another recent heuristic-search DP algorithm, LAO*. Moreover, LRTDP often converges faster than value iteration, even with the heuristic h = 0, thus suggesting that LRTDP has a quite general scope.
Pain management following spinal surgeries: An appraisal of the available options

Spinal procedures are generally associated with intense pain in the postoperative period, especially for the initial few days. Adequate pain management in this period has been seen to correlate well with improved functional outcome, early ambulation, early discharge, and preventing the development of chronic pain. A diverse array of pharmacological options exists for the effective amelioration of post spinal surgery pain. Each of these drugs possesses inherent advantages and disadvantages which restricts their universal applicability. Therefore, combination therapy or multimodal analgesia for proper control of pain appears as the best approach in this regard. The current manuscript discussed the pathophysiology of postsurgical pain including its nature, the various tools for assessment, and the various pharmacological agents (both conventional and upcoming) available at our disposal to respond to post spinal surgery pain.
Mid-Holocene palaeolimnological record of a Southern Hemisphere subtropical lake spanning the last ~6000 years: Lake Jennings, Fraser Island, Australia

The study of climate mechanisms in the Southern Hemisphere during the Holocene remains an area of active research that lacks the spatial and temporal connectivity characteristic of Northern Hemisphere research. The subtropical/temperate climate transition zone of eastern Australia provides a unique location to investigate long-term environmental changes during the Holocene. Lake Jennings on Fraser Island was used to investigate climate change in this transition zone using palaeolimnological techniques. The beginning of the Lake Jennings record (~6000 to 3500 cal. yBP), is characterised by fluctuations in geochemical signals, an abundance of sponge spicules, and a lack of diatom species. Results suggest gradually increasing precipitation and water depth, which affect nutrient cycling. However, the biological functioning of the lake is difficult to interpret due to the absence of diatoms, possibly a result of turbidity, dissolution and/or predation by freshwater sponges. During the late Holocene, ~3500 cal. yBP to present, precipitation and water depth of the lake decreases to present day levels. Within this section of the core nutrient cycling changes, as indicated by the geochemical results, and a series of more intense wet and dry events took place before stabilising at present day levels. Other palaeoecological studies within the Southern Hemisphere have noted changes in geochemical and biological attributes within similar latitudes, confirming the notion of climate forced environmental change in aquatic ecosystems. This continuous ~6000 year record from Lake Jennings shows distinct changes in aquatic communities, confirming a trend of drying in subtropical eastern Australia through the late Holocene.
Short-term retention of relational memory in amnesia revisited: accurate performance depends on hippocampal integrity

Traditionally, it has been proposed that the hippocampus and adjacent medial temporal lobe cortical structures are selectively critical for long-term declarative memory, which entails memory for inter-item and item-context relationships. Whether the hippocampus might also contribute to short-term retention of relational memory representations has remained controversial. In two experiments, we revisit this question by testing memory for relationships among items embedded in scenes using a standard working memory trial structure in which a sample stimulus is followed by a brief delay and the corresponding test stimulus. In each experimental block, eight trials using different exemplars of the same scene were presented. The exemplars contained the same items but with different spatial relationships among them. By repeating the pictures across trials, any potential contributions of item or scene memory to performance were minimized, and relational memory could be assessed more directly than has been done previously. When test displays were presented, participants indicated whether any of the item-location relationships had changed. Then, regardless of their responses (and whether any item did change its location), participants indicated on a forced-choice test, which item might have moved, guessing if necessary. Amnesic patients were impaired on the change detection test, and were frequently unable to specify the change after having reported correctly that a change had taken place. Comparison participants, by contrast, frequently identified the change even when they failed to report the mismatch, an outcome that speaks to the sensitivity of the change specification measure. These results confirm past reports of hippocampal contributions to short-term retention of relational memory representations, and suggest that the role of the hippocampus in memory has more to do with relational memory requirements than the length of a retention interval.
Acknowledgments in Human-Computer Interaction

Acknowledgments are relatively rare in human computer interaction. Are people unwilling to use this human convention when talking to a machine, or is their scarcity due to the way that spoken-language interfaces are designed? We found that, given a simple spoken-language interface that provided opportunities for and responded to acknowledgments, about half of our subjects used acknowledgments at least once and nearly 30% used them extensively during the interaction.
IFN-λ receptor 1 expression is induced in chronic hepatitis C and correlates with the IFN-λ3 genotype and with nonresponsiveness to IFN-α therapies

Liver biopsies from patients with chronic hepatitis C reveal high IFN-λR1 expression, which can be induced with IFN-α and is associated with elevated ISG expression, the IFN-λ3 minor alleles, and nonresponsiveness to peg-IFN-α and ribavirin therapy.
Facetnet: a framework for analyzing communities and their evolutions in dynamic networks

We discover communities from social network data, and analyze the community evolution. These communities are inherent characteristics of human interaction in online social networks, as well as paper citation networks. Also, communities may evolve over time, due to changes to individuals' roles and social status in the network as well as changes to individuals' research interests. We present an innovative algorithm that deviates from the traditional two-step approach to analyze community evolutions. In the traditional approach, communities are first detected for each time slice, and then compared to determine correspondences. We argue that this approach is inappropriate in applications with noisy data. In this paper, we propose FacetNet for analyzing communities and their evolutions through a robust unified process. In this novel framework, communities not only generate evolutions, they also are regularized by the temporal smoothness of evolutions. As a result, this framework will discover communities that jointly maximize the fit to the observed data and the temporal evolution. Our approach relies on formulating the problem in terms of non-negative matrix factorization, where communities and their evolutions are factorized in a unified way. Then we develop an iterative algorithm, with proven low time complexity, which is guaranteed to converge to an optimal solution. We perform extensive experimental studies, on both synthetic datasets and real datasets, to demonstrate that our method discovers meaningful communities and provides additional insights not directly obtainable from traditional methods.
Differentially private data release for data mining

Privacy-preserving data publishing addresses the problem of disclosing sensitive data when mining for useful information. Among the existing privacy models, ∈-differential privacy provides one of the strongest privacy guarantees and has no assumptions about an adversary's background knowledge. Most of the existing solutions that ensure ∈-differential privacy are based on an interactive model, where the data miner is only allowed to pose aggregate queries to the database. In this paper, we propose the first anonymization algorithm for the non-interactive setting based on the generalization technique. The proposed solution first probabilistically generalizes the raw data and then adds noise to guarantee ∈-differential privacy. As a sample application, we show that the anonymized data can be used effectively to build a decision tree induction classifier. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed non-interactive anonymization algorithm is scalable and performs better than the existing solutions for classification analysis.
Analyses of Pretherapy Peripheral Immunoscore and Response to Vaccine Therapy

Refined subsets of peripheral blood immune cells were assessed prior to therapy in two clinical trials. The resultant “peripheral immunoscores,” compiled through methodology potentially generalizable to other trials, were correlated with clinical benefit in patients receiving vaccine therapy. Tumor immunoscore analyses, especially for primary colorectal cancer and melanoma lesions, provide valuable prognostic information. Metastatic lesions of many carcinoma types, however, are often not easily accessible. We hypothesized that immune cells in peripheral blood may differ among individual patients with metastatic disease, which, in turn, may influence their response to immunotherapy. We thus analyzed immune cell subsets within peripheral blood mononuclear cells to determine if a "peripheral immunoscore" could have any prognostic significance for patients before receiving immunotherapy. Patients with metastatic breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive docetaxel ± PANVAC vaccine. In another trial, prostate cancer patients with metastatic bone lesions were randomly assigned to receive a bone-seeking radionuclide ± PROSTVAC vaccine. Predefined analyses of "classic" immune cell types (CD4, CD8, natural killer cells, regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and ratios) revealed no differences in progression-free survival (PFS) for either arm in both trials. Predefined analyses of refined immune cell subsets for which a biologic function had been previously reported also showed no significant prognostic value in PFS for patients receiving either docetaxel or radionuclide alone; however, in patients receiving these agents in combination with vaccine, the peripheral immunoscore of refined subsets revealed statistically significant differences in PFS (P < 0.001) for breast cancer patients receiving docetaxel plus vaccine, and in prostate cancer patients receiving radionuclide plus vaccine (P = 0.004). Larger randomized studies will be required to validate these findings. These studies, however, provide the rationale for the evaluation of refined immune cell subsets to help determine which patients may benefit most from immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(9); 755–65. ©2016 AACR.
Mediating Social Anxiety and Disordered Eating: The Role of Expressive Suppression

Social anxiety and disordered eating frequently overlap, and evidence suggests that emotional suppression may be an important mediating factor. The present study examines the relationships among social anxiety, emotional suppression, and disordered eating in a non-clinical sample of 160 undergraduate women. Participants completed self-report measures for social anxiety, disordered eating, expressive suppression, depression, and negative affect. Results from mediation analyses indicate that the relationship between social anxiety and disordered eating is fully mediated by expressive suppression. Findings are consistent with a displacement theory in which unexpressed negative affect is shifted towards the body, thereby promoting symptoms of disordered eating.
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD): some psychometric data for a Swedish sample

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) was evaluated in a Swedish population sample. The purpose of the study was to compare the HAD with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Spielberger's State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). A secondary aim was to examine the factor structure of the HAD. The results indicated that the factor structure was quite strong, consistently showing two factors in the whole sample as well as in different subsamples. The correlations between the total HAD scale and BDI and STAI, respectively, were stronger than those obtained using the different subscales of the HAD (the anxiety and depression subscales). As expected, there was also a stronger correlation between the HAD and the non‐physical items of the BDI. It was somewhat surprising that the factor analyses were consistently extracting two factors,‘depression’ and ‘anxiety’, while on the other hand both BDI and STAI tended to correlate more strongly with the total HAD score than with the specific depression and anxiety HAD subscales. Nevertheless, the HAD appeared to be (as was indeed originally intended) a useful clinical indicator of the possibility of depression and clinical anxiety.
Linking Social Values of Wild Reindeer to Planning and Management Options in Southern Norway

Norway is home to the last remaining populations of wild mountain reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus ) in Europe. Concerns over anthropogenic and natural drivers have led to change in the management regime from a population-based model to an area-based model. More complex management goals, increasing involvement of stakeholders, and larger management units call for improved knowledge about reindeer-related values. We examined the responses of 1000 respondents to 39 statements of attitudes and values associated with wild reindeer presence and the management situation in two reindeer regions of southern Norway. We used a partial least-squares path modeling approach to examine the nexus between the attraction of wild reindeer, sustainability concerns, utilitarian and non-utilitarian values, conflicts, and attitudes toward hunting. The results show that local concepts of the sustainability of reindeer are based on opinions about the ecological requirements as well as the roles reindeer can play in the social and economic development of the communities. The attraction of reindeer is a function of consumptive as well as non-consumptive objectives. Segments of the community with different consumptive orientations can share ideas about the attraction of reindeer, but diverge in their interpretation of the sustainability of the species. Improved knowledge about the diversity and complexity of value orientations associated with wild reindeer can be a useful tool for developing multi-objective management frameworks with a diversity of stakeholders who may share similar values and interests, although they have different experience and knowledge bases.
A diagnostic marker for speech delay associated with otitis media with effusion: backing of obstruents

A companion paper in this issue reported diagnostic accuracy findings for a marker (the Intelligibility‐Speech Gap) to identify speech delay associated with otitis media with effusion (SD‐OME). The present paper reports findings for another possible diagnostic marker for SD‐OME—Backing of Obstruents. Conversational speech samples and citation forms from 48 speech‐delayed children with positive and negative histories for OME were analysed using both perceptual and acoustic methods. The perceptual findings indicated significant trends for backing to be more prevalent in children with positive compared to negative histories of OME. Among a number of candidate speech error variables, lowered first spectral moments on lingual stops and sibilant fricatives as obtained from moments analysis emerged as a promising acoustic correlate of backing. Positive and negative predictive values, and sensitivity and specificity values for the acoustic marker, were above 75% for each of three stimulus words targeting /k/, /z/ and /∫/. Discussion considers alternative explanatory perspectives on the ontogenetic development of backing in children who have experienced the fluctuant hearing loss associated with early recurrent OME.
Perspectives on disparities in depression care

&NA; Depression is a major public health problem and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Compounding the high rates of morbidity and mortality and treatment challenges associated with depression are the tremendous disparities in quality of mental health care that exist between the majority of the population and those of racial and ethnic minorities. Although more study data are available on depression care for African Americans than for other groups, racial and ethnic minorities overall are less likely than whites to receive an accurate diagnosis, to receive care according to evidence‐based guidelines, and to receive an antidepressant upon diagnosis. Multiple factors contribute to these disparities, among them socioeconomic and cultural issues and prejudices among patients and health care providers. Closing the gap that exists between what depression care is and what depression care could be begins with clinicians' recognizing the relevance of culture to care. Opportunities exist within the broader context of medical education, including continuing medical education (CME), to prepare health care professionals to address the myriad issues related to managing depression.
J un 2 01 5 Survival Probabilities at Spherical Frontiers

Motivated by tumor growth and spatial population genetics, we study the interplay between evolutionary and spatial dynamics at the surfaces of three-dimensional, spherical range expansions. We consider range expansion radii that grow with an arbitrary power-law in time: R(t) = R0(1 + t/t ), where Θ is a growth exponent, R0 is the initial radius, and t ∗ is a characteristic time for the growth, to be affected by the inflating geometry. We vary the parameters t and Θ to capture a variety of possible growth regimes. Guided by recent results for two-dimensional inflating range expansions, we identify key dimensionless parameters that describe the survival probability of a mutant cell with a small selective advantage arising at the population frontier. Using analytical techniques, we calculate this probability for arbitrary Θ. We compare our results to simulations of linearly inflating expansions (Θ = 1 spherical Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piscunov waves) and treadmilling populations (Θ = 0, with cells in the interior removed by apoptosis or a similar process). We find that mutations at linearly inflating fronts have survival probabilities enhanced by factors of 100 or more relative to mutations at treadmilling population frontiers. We also discuss the special properties of “marginally inflating” (Θ = 1/2) expansions.
Variation in selected properties of industrial grade particleboard

Information about the variability of physical and mechanical properties of industrial grade particleboard is seldom made available. In this study, 3/8 inch particle board was obtained for evaluation from seven different sources that commonly supply the same kitchen cabinet manufacturer. The following properties were investigated for each of these sources: Young's modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), surface bond strength, screw withdrawal from both the face and the edge, density, linear expansion, and moisture content (MC). For each property, the mean and associated coefficient of variation (COV) was determined for each source. Additionally, a multiple-range test at α = 0.05 was applied to compare results among suppliers. All suppliers met minimum requirements of MOR, MOE, and IB for American National Standards Institute grade 1-M-1 particle board, but only five suppliers met those values specified for the 1-M-2 grade (.)
SPECIAL ASPECTS OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE IN ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS AND WOMEN Medical Treatment and Reperfusion Therapy in Octogenarians

This article summarizes the main developments reported during the year 2012 concerning ischemic heart disease, together with the most relevant innovations in the management of acute cardiac patients. 2012 Sociedad Española de Cardiologı́a. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved. Actualización en cardiopatı́a isquémica y cuidados crı́ticos cardiológicos