Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Logic-Based Approach for the Verification of UML Timed Models

This article presents a novel technique to formally verify models of real-time systems captured through a set of heterogeneous UML diagrams. The technique is based on the following key elements: (i) a subset of Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, called Coretto UML (C-UML), which allows designers to describe the components of the system and their behavior through several kinds of diagrams (e.g., state machine diagrams, sequence diagrams, activity diagrams, interaction overview diagrams), and stereotypes taken from the UML Profile for Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded Systems; (ii) a formal semantics of C-UML diagrams, defined through formulae of the metric temporal logic Tempo Reale ImplicitO (TRIO); and (iii) a tool, called Corretto, which implements the aforementioned semantics and allows users to carry out formal verification tasks on modeled systems. We validate the feasibility of our approach through a set of different case studies, taken from both the academic and the industrial domain.
Effect of Acid, Pepsin, and Bile Acid on the Stenotic Progression of Traumatized Subglottis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Gastroesophageal reflux disease is related to various laryngeal sequelae. However, there is a lack of established reflux animal models covering longer observation periods. We evaluated the effects of acid, pepsin, and bile acid on healing of the traumatized subglottis in a simulated reflux model.METHODS:In the first experiment, 48 rabbits were inflicted with a posterior subglottic injury using a diode laser, and there were 10 unwounded controls. After catheter insertion under transoral endoscopic guidance, animals were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: acid reflux (pepsin 0.3 mg/mL + taurodeoxycholic acid 0.155 mg/mL + acid pH 2); nonacid reflux (pepsin + taurodeoxycholic acid + pH 6); saline reflux; and unwounded control. Animals received catheter irrigation with 3 mL of a mixed solution or saline, twice daily for 6 wk. In the second experiment, 36 animals were inflicted with a subglottic injury followed by acid or saline reflux treatment and were sacrificed after 1, 2, and 4 wk for time-serial observations. Gross and histological findings were compared among the different groups.RESULTS:Catheter-related problems were minor. Most animals received laryngopharyngeal irrigation with the solutions well, and 19 were excluded. Inflammation scores, fibrosis, thickening, and luminal stenosis were greatest in the acid reflux group (p < 0.005). Values were not different between the nonacid reflux and saline reflux groups (p > 0.1). CONCLUSIONS:Our data suggest that subglottic wound healing is significantly affected by pepsin and bile acid only under acidic conditions. This implies that acid-suppressive therapy can prevent further subglottic inflammation and stenosis by laryngeal reflux.
Knots in Condensed Matters

We propose two types of topologically stable knot solitons in condensed matters, one in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates and one in two-gap superconductors. We identify the knot in Bose-Einstein condensates as a twisted vorticity flux ring and the knot in two-gap superconductors as a twisted magnetic flux ring. In both cases we show that there is a remarkable interplay between topology and dynamics which transforms the topologcal stability to the dynamical stability, and vise versa. We discuss how these knots can be constructed in the spin-1/2 condensate of 87Rbatoms and in two-gap superconductor of MgB2.
Factor structure and correlates of the acceptance of cosmetic surgery scale among South Korean university students.

BACKGROUND Research on the acceptance of cosmetic surgery has focused on relatively affluent Western samples, to the exclusion of non-Western samples and any potential cross-cultural differences. While rates of cosmetic surgery in South Korea have risen sharply in the past decade, mirroring rates in other East Asian nations, little is known about attitudes toward cosmetic surgery in the Korean population. OBJECTIVES To examine the factor structure and correlates of a Korean adaptation of the previously-published Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS). METHODS South Korean university students (N = 267) completed the ACSS, as well as included Korean translations of measures for actual vs. ideal body weight discrepancy, body appreciation, sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, and demographics. RESULTS The Korean ACSS reduced to a two-factor solution, mirroring results among other non-Western samples, although a one-factor solution was deemed more plausible. Compared to men, women had significantly higher total scores, suggesting that they were more accepting of cosmetic surgery. A multiple regression showed that, after controlling for the effects of participant sex, the only significant predictor of acceptance of cosmetic surgery was general body appreciation, suggesting that some may view cosmetic surgery as a means of enhancing their body image. CONCLUSIONS The results reveal important global information for plastic surgeons-not only on the treatment of non-Western patients but on the South Korean market, in which the cosmetic surgery industry remains unregulated. Given the popularity and acceptance of cosmetic surgery in South Korea, there is an urgent need for regulatory intervention to ensure patient safety and satisfaction.
Asynchronous gossip algorithms for stochastic optimization

We consider a distributed multi-agent network system where the goal is to minimize an objective function that can be written as the sum of component functions, each of which is known partially (with stochastic errors) to a specific network agent. We propose an asynchronous algorithm that is motivated by random gossip schemes where each agent has a local Poisson clock. At each tick of its local clock, the agent averages its estimate with a randomly chosen neighbor and adjusts the average using the gradient of its local function that is computed with stochastic errors.We investigate the convergence properties of the algorithm for two different classes of functions. First, we consider differentiable, but not necessarily convex functions, and prove that the gradients converge to zero with probability 1. Then, we consider convex, but not necessarily differentiable functions, and show that the iterates converge to an optimal solution almost surely.
Efficient predicated bug signature mining via hierarchical instrumentation

Debugging is known to be a notoriously painstaking and time-consuming task. An essential and yet expensive process in debugging is bug isolation. As one major family of automatic bug isolation, statistical bug isolation approaches have been well studied in the past decade. A recent advancement in this area is the introduction of bug signature that provides contextual information to assist in debugging and several bug signature mining approaches have been reported. All these approaches instrument the entire buggy program to produce profiles for debugging. Consequently, they often incur hefty instrumentation and analysis cost. However, as in fact major part of the program code is error-free, full-scale program instrumentation is wasteful and unnecessary. In this paper, we devise a novel hierarchical instrumentation (HI) technique to perform selective instrumentation so as to enhance the efficiency of statistical debugging. We employ HI technique to predicated bug signature mining (called MPS) recently developed and propose an approach called HIMPS. The empirical study reveals that our technique can achieve around 40% to 60% saving in disk storage usage, time and memory consumption, and performs especially well on large programs. It greatly improves the efficiency of bug signature mining, making a step forward to painless debugging.
Suicidal Behavior and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Major Depression

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with psychiatric illness, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and completed suicide. We investigated the relationship between mild TBI and other risk factors for suicidal behavior in major depressive episode. We hypothesized that mild TBI would be associated with suicidal behavior at least partly because of shared risk factors that contribute to the diathesis for suicidal acts. Depressed patients (N = 325) presenting for treatment were evaluated for psychopathology, traumatic history, and suicidal behavior. Data were analyzed using Student t -test, chi-square statistic, or Fisher exact test. A backward stepwise logistic regression model (N = 255) examined the relationship between attempter status and variables that differed in the TBI and non-TBI patients. Forty-four percent of all subjects reported mild TBI. Subjects with TBI were more likely to be male, have a history of substance abuse, have cluster B personality disorder, and be more aggressive and hostile compared with subjects without TBI. They were also more likely to be suicide attempters, although their suicidal behavior was not different from that of suicide attempters without TBI. Attempt status was mostly predicted by aggression and hostility, but not the presence of TBI. Of note, for males, a history of TBI increased the likelihood of being a suicide attempter, whereas the risk was elevated for females regardless of TBI history. Our data suggest that suicidal behavior and TBI share antecedent risk factors: hostility and aggression. Future studies may yield confirmation using a prospective design.
Personality and Psychological Disorders

Chapter 1 Connecting personality and disorder Chapter 2 Description, classification and models of disorder Chapter 3 Personality dimensions: description and biology Chapter 4 Personality disorders Chapter 5 Mood and anxiety disorders Chapter 6 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Chapter 7 Addictive Disorders Chapter 8 Eating disorders Chapter 9 Psychotic disorders
What Is the Proof? A Methodological Review of Studies That Have Utilized Social Stories.

Autism Partnership Foundation Abstract: Social stories are a commonly empirically evaluated and implemented procedure to increase pro-social behaviors and decrease aberrant behaviors for individuals diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Despite their widespread use there have been questions raised to the soundness of the research methodology and the results which have been demonstrated within these research studies. This paper is a methodological review of 41 studies that evaluated social stories for individuals diagnosed with autism. We classified each study as one that utilized either a case study design, a reversal design, or a multiple baseline design. After classification we evaluated each study across multiple methodological dimensions and used this analysis to determine if a study showed either a clear demonstration, partial demonstration, or if there was no clear demonstration that the social story was responsible for behavior change. Results of this analysis indicated that the majority of studies either showed only a partial demonstration or no clear demonstration that the social story procedure was responsible for the behavior change. Based upon this analysis recommendations for clinicians and future researchers are discussed. In 1993, Gray and Garand introduced social stories as a strategy that could be used to increase positive behaviors and reduce aber- rant behaviors for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Social sto- ries are a systematic form of intervention in which a teacher writes a brief text that de- scribes a targeted behavior to be displayed by the student, when the student should display the desired behavior, why the student should display the targeted behavior, and how dis- playing the behavior will affect others in his or
Mechanism of lumen enlargement during intracoronary stent implantation: an intravascular ultrasound study.

BACKGROUND Intravascular ultrasound analysis has assessed mechanisms of lumen enlargement after nonstent interventions, but not after stenting. METHODS AND RESULTS Preintervention and postintervention intravascular ultrasound was used to study 25 de novo native coronary lesions treated with single MultiLink stents without preatheroablation. External elastic membrane, lumen, and plaque and media (P&M) areas were measured every 1 mm to include the lesion and reference segments that were 5 mm proximal and distal to it. Lesion mean lumen area increased from 4.0+/-1.0 mm(2) before the intervention to 8.8+/-2.0 mm(2) after the intervention (P<0.0001) as a result of an increase in mean external elastic membrane area (14. 2+/-2.7 to 16.1+/-3.0 mm(2), P<0.0001) and a decrease in mean P&M area (10.2+/-2.2 to 7.2+/-1.8 mm(2), P<0.0001). The decrease in lesion P&M was accompanied by an increase in both proximal reference mean P&M (7.0+/-1.9 to 8.4+/-2.0 mm(2), P<0.0001) and distal reference mean P&M (5.8+/-2.1 to 7.2+/-2.1 mm(2), P<0.0001). Volumetric analysis showed an axial redistribution of plaque away from the center of the lesion toward the reference segments to increase the plaque burden in both the proximal and distal reference segments. Total (lesion plus reference) mean P&M decreased from 8. 6+/-2.1 to 7.5+/-1.8 mm(2) (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The mechanisms of lumen enlargement after stenting involved (1) significant axial redistribution of plaque from the lesion into the reference segments, (2) vessel expansion, and (3) either plaque embolization or compression.
Dimension-Free L2 Maximal Inequality for Spherical Means in the Hypercube

We establish the maximal inequality claimed in the title. In combinatorial terms this has the implication that for sufficiently small e > 0, for all n, any marking of an e fraction of the vertices of the n-dimensional hypercube necessarily leaves a vertex x such that marked vertices are a minority of every sphere centered at x.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology and Clinical Analysis of 34 Cases with Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis

The clinical characteristics and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytological features of 34 hospitalized patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) were studied. Most patients presented with signs of meningeal irritation (19 cases) and intra-cranial hypertension (23 cases). Computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed brain parenchymal lesions, hydrocephalus and leptomeningeal enhancement (nine, six and eight cases, respectively). The CSF changes included high opening pressure (21 cases), increased white blood cell count (23 cases), elevated protein levels (25 cases) and low glucose levels (17 cases). Malignant cells were found in all CSF specimens and 32 cases had malignant cells in their initial CSF examinations. High serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) occurred in 11 patients. Signs of meningeal irritation and intra-cranial hypertension were common. It is concluded that serum CEA measurement along with CT and MRI scanning are helpful in the diagnosis of LC. Crucially, however, CSF cytology could be the most important technique for the diagnosis of LC.
An adaptive and efficient dimensionality reduction algorithm for high-dimensional indexing

The notorious "dimensionality curse" is a well-known phenomenon for any multidimensional indexes attempting to scale up to high dimensions. One well known approach to overcoming degradation in performance with respect to increasing dimensions is to reduce the dimensionality of the original dataset before constructing the index. However, identifying the correlation among the dimensions and effectively reducing them is a challenging task. We present an adaptive multilevel mahalanobis-based dimensionality reduction (MMDR) technique for high-dimensional indexing. Our MMDR technique has three notable features compared to existing methods. First, it discovers elliptical clusters using only the low-dimensional subspaces. Second, data points in the different axis systems are indexed using a single B/sup +/-tree. Third, our technique is highly scalable in terms of data size and dimensionality. An extensive performance study using both real and synthetic datasets was conducted, and the results show that our technique not only achieves higher precision, but also enables queries to be processed efficiently.
Modeling and analysis of web usage and experience based on link-level measurements

Internet traffic monitoring and analysis have been playing a crucial role in understanding and characterizing user behavior on the web. In particular, ON-OFF models capture the essential phases of user communication with web servers. The OFF phases reflect both deliberate and accidental gaps in the traffic flow. In this paper, we present a passive monitoring and analysis method devised to assist in the identification of such traffic gaps that may result in the degradation of Quality of Experience (QoE). Our first contribution consists in a revised ON-OFF model to cater for OFF times reflecting accidental gaps which are induced by the network. Second, a wavelet-based criterion is proposed to differentiate between the network-induced traffic gaps and user think times. The proposed method is intended to be implemented in near-real-time as it does not require any deep packet inspection. Both web service providers and network operators may use this method to obtain objective evidence of the appearance of QoE problems from link-level measurements.
Trazodone for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Evidence‐based medicine is an important way of allowing the reader to judge clearly whether a treatment has a place in a particular condition, and to see what faults were present in the various trials of its efficacy. It is often rather unsettling to read in a meta‐analysis or in a systematic literature review how poorly constructed many trials are. The authors from Minneapolis have carried out such a study into the use of trazodone in male erectile dysfunction. They draw attention to the poor quality of many of the trials and give their reasons for this observation. They suggest that trazodone may be helpful in men with this condition, possibly at higher doses and in men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction.
Expression of mRNA for plasminogen activators and protease nexin‐1 in innervated and denervated mouse skeletal muscle

Plasminogen activators (urokinase‐type, u‐PA and tissue‐type, t‐PA) are serine proteases that have been suggested to play important roles in synaptic remodeling. The enzymatic activity of u‐PA in particular has previously been shown to increase dramatically after denervation of skeletal muscle. Using 32P‐labeled riboprobes and Northern blots the expression of mRNA for u‐PA, t‐PA and the inhibitor protease nexin‐1 (PN‐1) has been studied in innervated and 1–10‐days denervated hind‐limb muscle from mouse. Using RNA extracted from innervated and 6‐days‐denervated mouse hemidiaphragm muscles the expression of these mRNAs has also been investigated in synaptic and extrasynaptic muscle regions. For both u‐PA and t‐PA the observed autoradiographic signals were similar for RNA extracted from innervated and denervated leg muscles. The signals were also similar for RNA extracted from perisynaptic and extrasynaptic regions of hemidiaphragm muscle but u‐PA signals were lower in denervated than in innervated hemidiaphragm. No such difference was observed for t‐PA. PN‐1 mRNA levels were also found to decrease after denervation in the hemidiaphragm but no substantial decrease was observed in denervated hind‐limb muscles. No difference was observed between PN‐1 expression in perisynaptic and extrasynaptic regions. The effect of denervation on PA enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle is therefore likely to be mediated at some post‐transcriptional level. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:457–463, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectrum Sensing Technique for Cognitive Radio Systems with Selection Diversity

In this paper, we consider complementary sensing nodes to increase the spectrum sensing efficiency of cognitive radio (CR) systems. As the CR system has no prior knowledge about the operation of the licensed network, it is difficult to employ efficient diversity techniques such as the selection diversity. In this paper, by jointly designed with a medium access layer protocol, we propose a sensor node selection technique on the channel where the primary user is active. Collaborated with the mode of operation defined for CR nodes, the proposed scheme selects the dedicated sensing node for the channel with the best sensing performance. Numerical results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is almost the same as the cooperative spectrum sensing while our proposed scheme requires only one sensing node for the spectrum sensing.
Statistical evaluation of essential/toxic metal levels in the blood of valvular heart disease patients in comparison with controls

ABSTRACT The present study was designed to investigate the role of selected essential and toxic metals in the onset/prognosis of valvular heart disease (VHD). Nitric acid–perchloric acid based wet digestion procedure was used for the quantification of the metals by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Comparative appraisal of the data revealed that average levels of Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Li, Mn and Zn were significantly higher in blood of VHD patients, while the average concentration of Ca was found at elevated level in controls (P < 0.05). However, Cu, Mg, Na, Sr and Pb depicted almost comparable levels in the blood of both donor groups. The correlation study revealed significantly different mutual associations among the metals in the blood of VHD patients compared with the controls. Multivariate statistical methods showed substantially divergent grouping of the metals for the patients and controls. Some significant differences in the metal concentrations were also observed with gender, abode, dietary/smoking habits and occupations of both donor groups. Overall, the study demonstrated that disproportions in the concentrations of essential/toxic metals in the blood are involved in pathogenesis of the disease.