Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New directions in instantiation-based theorem proving

We consider instantiation-based theorem proving whereby instances of clauses are generated by certain inferences, and where inconsistency is detected by proposition tests. We give a model construction proof of completeness by which restrictive inference systems as well as admissible simplification techniques can be justified. Another contribution of the paper are inference systems that allow one to also employ decision procedures for first-order fragments more complex than propositional logic. The decision provides for an approximate consistency test, and the instance generation inference system is a means of successively refining the approximation.
Analysis of Drug Resistance Determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Beijing, China

Background The rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) isolates among Enterobacteriaceae isolates, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae, have risen substantially worldwide. Methodology/Principal Findings To better understand the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in K. pneumoniae, we analyzed the drug resistance determinants for K. pneumoniae isolates collected from the 306 Hospital, a tertiary-care hospital in Beijing, China, for the period of September 1, 2010-October 31, 2011. Drug susceptibility testing, PCR amplification and sequencing of the drug resistance determinants were performed. Conjugation experiments were conducted to examine the natural ability of drug resistance to disseminate among Enterobacteriaceae strains using a sodium azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53 strain as a recipient. Among the 223 consecutive non-repetitive K. pneumoniae isolates included in this study, 101 (45.3%) were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) positive. The rates of MDR, XDR, and PDR isolates were 61.4% (n = 137), 22.0% (n = 49), and 1.8% (n = 4), respectively. Among the tested drug resistance-associated genes, the following ones were detected at relatively high rates bla CTX-M-10 (80, 35.9%), aacC2 (73, 32.7%), dhfr (62, 27.8%), qnrS (58, 26.0%), aacA4 (57, 25.6%), aadA1 (56, 25.1%). Results from conjugation experiments indicate that many of the drug resistance genes were transmissible. Conclusions/Significance Our data give a “snapshot” of the complex genetic background responsible for drug resistance in K. pneumoniae in China and demonstrate that a high degree of awareness and monitoring of those drug resistance determinants are urgently needed in order to better control the emergence and transmission of drug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates in hospital settings.
Pharmacological Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Activation of RISK and Mitochondrial Pathways

Although the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain- (NOD-) like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been recently detected in the heart, its role in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (IR) is still controversial. Here, we investigate whether a pharmacological modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome exerted protective effects in an ex vivo model of IR injury. Isolated hearts from male Wistar rats (5-6 months old) underwent ischemia (30 min) followed by reperfusion (20 or 60 min) with and without pretreatment with the recently synthetized NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor INF4E (50 μM, 20 min before ischemia). INF4E exerted protection against myocardial IR, shown by a significant reduction in infarct size and lactate dehydrogenase release and improvement in postischemic left ventricular pressure. The formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex was induced by myocardial IR and attenuated by INF4E in a time-dependent way. Interestingly, the hearts of the INF4E-pretreated animals displayed a marked improvement of the protective RISK pathway and this effect was associated increase in expression of markers of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate for the first time that INF4E protected against the IR-induced myocardial injury and dysfunction, by a mechanism that involves inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in the activation of the prosurvival RISK pathway and improvement in mitochondrial function.
Impact of Hepatitis B Exposure on Sustained Virological Response Rates of Highly Viremic Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Aim. To evaluate the impact of hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) seropositivity in sustained virological response (SVR) rates in treatment-naïve, chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with high pretreatment viral load (>800000 IU/mL). Methods. 185 consecutive CHC patients (14.4% cirrhotics, 70.2% prior intravenous drug users) treated with pegylated interferon-a2b plus ribavirin, for 24 or 48 weeks based on viral genotype, were retrospectively analyzed. SVR was confirmed by undetectable serum HCV-RNA six months after the end of treatment schedule. Results. Thirty percent of CHC/HBsAg-negative patients were anti-HBc-positive. Anti-HBc positivity was more prevalent in cirrhotic, compared to noncirrhotic patients (76.9% versus 19.5%, P < .05). Serum HBV-DNA was detected in the minority of anti-HBc-positive patients (1.97%). Overall, 62.1% of patients exhibited SVR, while 28.6% did not; 71.4% of non-SVRs were infected with genotype 1. In the univariate analysis, the anti-HBc positivity was negatively associated with treatment outcome (P = .065). In the multivariate model, only the advanced stage of liver disease (P = .015) and genotype-1 HCV infection (P = .003), but not anti-HBc-status (P = .726), proved to be independent predictors of non-SVR. Conclusion. Serum anti-HBc positivity does not affect the SVR rates in treatment-naïve CHC patients with high pretreatment viral load, receiving the currently approved combination treatment.
Joint training of speech separation, filterbank and acoustic model for robust automatic speech recognition

Robustness is crucial for automatic speech recognition systems in real-world environments. Speech enhancement/separation algorithms are normally used to enhance noisy speech before recognition. However, such algorithms typically introduce distortions unseen by acoustic models. In this study, we propose a novel joint training approach to reduce this distortion problem. At the training stage, we first concatenate a speech separation DNN, a filterbank and an acoustic model DNN to form a deeper network, and then jointly train all of them. This way, the separation frontend and filterbank can provide enhanced speech desired by the acoustic model. In addition, the linguistic information contained in the acoustic model can have a positive effect on the frontend and filberbank. Besides the commonly used log mel-spectrogram feature, we also add more robust features for acoustic modeling. Our system obtains 14.1% average word error rate on the noisy and reverberant CHIME-2 corpus (track 2), which outperforms the previous best result by 8.4% relatively.
C-mediated Signaling-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase via Protein Kinase 6 O Regulation of Expression of the DNA Repair Gene Updated

O6-Alkylguanine is the major mutagenic and cytotoxic DNA lesion induced by alkylating agents, including 2-chloroethyl-jV-nitrosoureabased antitumor drugs. This lesion is repaired by O'-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), the expression of which is highly variable in both normal tissues and in tumor cells. The promoter of the human MGMT gene was found to contain two putative activator protein (AP)-l sites. Here, we show that the level of MGMT mRNA in HeLa S3 cells was increased 3-5-fold by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (TPA) and 1,2diacyl-sn-glycerol (DAG), which are activators of protein kinase C (PKC), as well as by okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases. The PKC inhibitor l-(5-isoquinoline sulfonyD-2-mcthylpiperazine-HCI eliminated MGMT activation by TPA and DAG but not by OA. Prior down-regula tion of PKC abolished subsequent effects of TPA or DAG. The results indicate AP-1 to be involved in regulation of MGMT expression. This hypothesis was supported by showing AP-1 binding to two target se quences of the MGMT promoter and transactivation of the MGMT promoter upon cotransfection with c-fos and c-jun in F9 cells. That TPA-mediated induction of MGMT caused increased cellular resistance to 2-chloroethyl-/V-nitrosourea suggests a therapeutic significance for PKCmediated MGMT modulation.
Predicting and controlling the Ebola infection

We present a comparison between two different mathematical models used in the description of the Ebola virus propagation currently occurring in West Africa. In order to improve the prediction and the control of the propagation of the virus, numerical simulations and optimal control of the two models for Ebola are investigated. In particular, we study when the two models generate similar results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Industrial Metabolism: Restructuring for Sustainable Development

Part 1 General Implications: Industrial metabolism - theory and policy industrial restructuring in industrial countries The case of India Evolution, sustainability and industrial metabolism. Patr 2 Case Studies: Sweden 1880-1980 The Rhine Basin Switzerland United States 1880-1980. Part 3 Further Implications: The precaution principle in environmental management, Transfer of clean(er) technologies to developing countries A plethora of paradigms.
Gastroprotective effects of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal hemorrhagic lesions in rats

Corchorus olitorius is a medicinal plant traditionally utilized as an antifertility, anti‐convulsive, and purgative agent. This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of an ethanolic extract of C. olitorius against ethanol‐induced gastric ulcers in adult Sprague Dawley rats.
Exploring the effects of training facilitators of dementia-family support programs

ABSTRACT Dementia patients have various caregiving needs, which can be serious sources of stress for their families. The increasing numbers of dementia patients and their families mean that new interventions are required to help families provide these complex caregiving needs. Facilitators of dementia-family support programs struggle to provide various health and social services while facing diverse challenges when running these programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the self-efficacy, competence, and target complaints when operating a dementia-family support program among facilitators who had participated in a facilitator training program. The study had a one-group pretest and posttest design, and data from 32 facilitators at 28 community dementia centers were analyzed. We used a self-reported questionnaire to collect quantitative and qualitative data before and after participating in the training program. The self-efficacy and competence of the facilitators increased after participating in the training program and operating their own dementia-family support program. Target complaints that represented challenges to operating a dementia-family support program were divided into five categories, and most of them decreased at the posttest. This study has demonstrated the advantages of providing a training program to facilitators, which resulted in improvements in self-efficacy, competence, and difficulties when they were operating a dementia-family support program.
A New Data-Aided Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation Algorithm for OFDM Systems

This paper proposes a new data-aided carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation scheme for OFDM communications suitable for frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed method is based on the transmission of a specially designed synchronization symbol that creates a particular signal structure between the received observation samples at the receiver. This structure is exploited to derive a very accurate maximum likelihood (ML) CFO estimator. To reduce the estimation complexity, a simplified version with lower computational load is derived which exhibits only a moderate loss in accuracy. This simplified version could typically be employed in the acquisition phase while the original version would allow for a very accurate subsequent tracking phase. Simulations over frequency-selective fading channels confirm the superiority of the proposed method compared to most recent algorithms presented in the literature
An alternative view of the deconvolution problem

The deconvolution kernel density estimator is a popular technique for solving the deconvolution problem, where the goal is to estimate a density from a sample of contaminated observations. Although this estimator is optimal, it suffers from two major drawbacks: it converges at very slow rates (inherent to the deconvolution problem) and can only be calculated when the density of the errors is completely known. These properties, however, follow from a classical asymptotic view of the problem which lets the sample size n ! 1 but where the error variance � 2 is supposed to be fixed. We argue that, in many situations, a more appropriate way to derive asymptotic properties for the deconvolution problem is to consider that both � 2 ! 0 and n ! 1. In this context, not only do the rates of convergence of the deconvolution kernel density estimator improve considerably, but it is also possible to consistently estimate the target density with only little knowledge of the error density. In particular, the deconvolution kernel density estimator becomes robust against error misspecification and a low-order approximation developed in the literature becomes consistent. We propose a data-driven procedure for the low- order method and investigate the numerical performance of the various estimators on simulated and real data examples.
Performance culture meets police culture: the relationship between political ideologies, police reform and police culture

This thesis explores successive police reform agendas over the period 1979 – 2012 in terms of the relationship between political ideology, police reform and police occupational culture. The thesis addresses the interplay between ideologically driven police reform and the reception of reform agendas within the central mindset of policing. It examines the significance of political and economic drivers in police reform agendas and literature on police occupational culture, with emphasis upon change and reform and the response within the police. As a means of exploring the relationship between reform and police culture the thesis gathers data through empirical research based upon documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. Research upon street and management cops (Reuss-Ianni 1983) and the analytical model of cultural knowledge and change outlined by Chan (1997), was used to analyse and present the research findings. The main conclusions concern how ideology in police reform agendas was received by police occupational culture. Utilising the theoretical frameworks of Reuss-Ianni and Chan, the thesis argues that the ideology in police reform agendas is received and assessed through cultural knowledge. This places into context documented features of police occupational culture such as the sense of mission, conservatism, resistance to change and the street – management divide. As a result, this thesis contributes to the understanding of police occupational culture through the prism of reform and the implications for practice, outlining how ideologically driven police reform agendas are received and interpreted through police occupational culture.
Inhibitor p27 in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Frequent Loss of Expression of the Cyclin-dependent Kinase

p27 is a member of the Cip1/Kip1 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and is a potential tumor suppressor gene. Low levels of p27 are associated with poor prognosis in a variety of tumors, including breast, colon, prostate, and lung carcinomas. In the present study, p27 protein expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in a series of 82 epithelial ovarian tumors [16 classified as low malignant potential (LMP) and 66 classified as primary ovarian adenocarcinomas]. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed frequent loss of p27 expression in primary ovarian adenocarcinomas (33%), with respect to LMP tumors (6%;P 5 0.0009). In addition to nuclear staining, cytoplasmic localization of p27 was noted in 45 (55%) of 82 cases. p27 levels inversely correlated with cdk2 kinase activity in a representative subset of tumors. When the clinical outcome of the patients was evaluated in relationship to p27 status, we observed a significant correlation between presence of p27 staining and a longer time to progression (P 5 0.032 by log-rank test). These data indicate that loss of p27 is a frequent event in ovarian carcinomas as compared with LMP tumors, suggesting that these tumor types may have different pathogenesis. p27 levels may also represent a useful prognostic marker for predicting disease recurrence in primary ovarian carcinomas.
STOPPING THE SPRAWL How Winnipeg Could Benefit from Metropolitan Growth Management Strategies for a Slow- Growth Region

Richard Lennon recently returned from studies in Toronto at York University, from which he will soon receive his M.A. in Political Science. His research interests have focused on urban and regional planning, economics from a public policy perspective, and federal and provincial politics. He is currently employed as a data analyst/research associate for a Win-nipeg market research firm. Council of Canada for support and encouragement, but accept full responsibility for errors, omissions and lapses in logic, judgement or good taste.
The decentering component of mindfulness reduces reactions to mental imagery.

Four experiments examined whether reactions to mental imagery can be reduced by the mindfulness component of decentering, that is, the insight that experiences are impermanent mental states. In Experiments 1a, 1b, and 1c, participants vividly imagined an unpleasant autobiographical event or a rewarding food. When instructed to adopt a decentering perspective in comparison to an immersed perspective during imagery, participants experienced less negative affect and fewer cravings to eat. In Experiment 2, participants were exposed to an attractive or a neutral food, and we assessed salivation and eating-related imagery. Although imagery did not differ between groups, the attractive food elicited less salivation in decentering relative to control participants. We suggest that decentering can make one’s imagery of consuming a food and of reliving of negative experiences less compelling, and thus reduce affective responses to both unpleasant and rewarding imagery, even if the imagery itself is kept active in mind.
Dynamical Friction and the Evolution of Satellites in Virialized Halos: The Theory of Linear Response

The evolution of a small satellite inside a more massive truncated isothermal spherical halo is studied using both the theory of linear response for dynamical friction and N-body simulations. The analytical approach includes the effects of the gravitational wake, the tidal deformation, and the shift of the barycenter of the primary, thereby unifying the local and global interpretations of dynamical friction. The N-body simulations follow the evolution of both rigid and live satellites within larger systems. Sizes, masses, orbital energies, and eccentricities are chosen as expected in hierarchical clustering models for the formation of structures. Results from this coupled approach are applicable to a vast range of astrophysical problems, from galaxies in galaxy clusters to small satellites of individual galaxies. The main contribution to the drag results from the gravitational pull of the overdensity region trailing the satellite's path, since the stellar response to the external perturbation remains correlated over a time shorter than the typical orbital period. The analytical approach and the N-body experiments demonstrate that there is no significant circularization of the orbits and that the dynamical friction timescale is weakly dependent of the circularity, ε. While the theory and the N-body simulations give a complete description of the orbital decay of satellites, a good fitting formula for the orbital decay time is where Jcir and rcir are, respectively, the initial orbital angular momentum and the radius of the circular orbit with the same energy as the actual orbit. Tidal stripping can reduce the satellite's mass by 60% after the first pericentric passage, increasing the orbital decay time. The e factor takes that effect into account and should be removed in the simplified case of rigid satellites. In cosmologically relevant situations, our model gives orbital decay times larger by a factor of 2 than most previous estimates. For peripheral orbits in which the apocenter is larger than the virial radius of the primary decay, the tidal field and the shift of the barycenter become important. In this case, τDF needs to be further increased by at least ≃50%. The final fate of a satellite is determined by its robustness against the effect of tides. While low-density satellites are disrupted over a time comparable to the decay time of their rigid counterparts, satellites with small cores can survive up to a Hubble time within the primary, regardless of the initial choice of orbital parameters. Dwarf spheroidal satellites of the Milky Way, such as Sgr A and Fornax, have already suffered mass stripping, and with their present masses, the sinking times exceed 10 Gyr even if they are on very eccentric orbits.
Investigating generalizability of results from a randomized controlled trial of the management of chronic widespread pain: the MUSICIAN study

Abstract The generalisability of randomised controlled trials will be compromised if markers of treatment outcome also affect trial recruitment. In a large trial of chronic widespread pain, we aimed to determine the extent to which randomised participants represented eligible patients, and whether factors predicting randomisation also influenced trial outcome. Adults from 8 UK general practices were surveyed to determine eligibility for a trial of 2 interventions (exercise and cognitive behavioural therapy [CBT]). Amongst those eligible, logistic regression identified factors associated with reaching the randomisation step in the recruitment process. The main trial analysis was recomputed, weighting for the inverse of the likelihood of reaching the randomisation stage, and the numbers needed to treat were calculated for each treatment. Eight hundred eighty-four persons were identified as eligible for the trial, of whom 442 (50%) were randomised. Several factors were associated with the likelihood of reaching the randomisation stage: higher body mass index (odds ratio: 1.99; 0.85-4.61); more severe/disabling pain (1.90; 1.21-2.97); having a treatment preference (2.11; 1.48-3.00); and expressing positivity about interventions offered (exercise: 2.66; 1.95-3.62; CBT: 3.20; 2.15-4.76). Adjusting for this selection bias decreased the treatment effect associated with exercise and CBT but increased that observed for combined therapy. All were associated with changes in numbers needed to treat. This has important implications for the design and interpretation of pain trials generally.