Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wh-Movement in Children with Grammatical SLI: A Test of the RDDR Hypothesis

This article presents a test of the proposal that a subgroup of children with GRAMMATICAL-SPECIFIC LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT (G-SLI) have optional movement (the REPRESENTATIONAL DEFICIT FOR DEPENDENT RELATIONS (RDDR) account, van der Lely 1998) by investigating wh-movement in fifteen G-SLI subjects and twenty-four younger children matched on language abilities (LA controls). The RDDR/optional movement account predicts that G-SLI subjects would have deficits with both wH-operator and Q-feature movement and therefore would have particular problems producing object questions. We elicited 36 questions balanced for subject and object questions and WH-words (who, which, what). The G-SLI subjects were significantly impaired in producing WH-questions, showing particular difficulties with object questions in relation to the control children. The majority of G-SLI subjects (80%) evinced both wh-operator and T/Q-feature movement errors whereas only one control child (4%) did so, yet on occasion all the G-SLI subjects used appropriate movement operations to satisfy the wh-criterion. We conclude that the RDDR account whereby movement is optional is consistent with the findings of correct and incorrect wh-question formation. Thus, this first test of the RDDR account of G-SLI is supported by the findings. We discuss the possible underlying nature of a grammar that could cause such optionality, the implications for normal and impaired language acquisition, and the generalizability of the findings to other groups of children with SLI. We propose that in the face of no movement, the wh-word and, on occasion, do are merged in situ in the CP, and function as an interrogative adjunct.
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestrisgum Mutants: Effects on Xanthan Biosynthesis and Plant Virulence

ABSTRACT Xanthan is an industrially important exopolysaccharide produced by the phytopathogenic, gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. It is composed of polymerized pentasaccharide repeating units which are assembled by the sequential addition of glucose-1-phosphate, glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and mannose on a polyprenol phosphate carrier (L. Ielpi, R. O. Couso, and M. A. Dankert, J. Bacteriol. 175:2490–2500, 1993). A cluster of 12 genes in a region designated xpsI or gumhas been suggested to encode proteins involved in the synthesis and polymerization of the lipid intermediate. However, no experimental evidence supporting this suggestion has been published. In this work, from the biochemical analysis of a defined set of X. campestris gum mutants, we report experimental data for assigning functions to the products of the gum genes. We also show that the first step in the assembly of the lipid-linked intermediate is severely affected by the combination of certain gum and non-gum mutations. In addition, we provide evidence that the C-terminal domain of the gumD gene product is sufficient for its glucosyl-1-phosphate transferase activity. Finally, we found that alterations in the later stages of xanthan biosynthesis reduce the aggressiveness of X. campestris against the plant.
A test of the teaching-learning style mesh hypothesis in a Chinese MBA

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine if “fit” and “non-fit” between authoritarian versus demonstrator teaching and visual versus verbal learning preferences differ in impact on Chinese MBA student academic performance in a large local urban Chinese university setting. In addition, the role of Chinese cultural behavioral tendencies in dictating specific teaching and learning style preferences among Chinese MBA students is also examined. Design/methodology/approach – Subjects were 135 Chinese MBA students that indicated their learning style preference (verbal or visual) and predominant teaching style encountered (authoritarian or demonstrator). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) main effects were used to identify the best teaching style and best learning style. ANOVA interaction effects were used to test the meshing hypothesis (i.e. teaching-learning style “fit” versus “non-fit” conditions). Findings – The results provided support for the mesh hypothesis – teaching style – learning style fit does m.
DYNAMIC SEPARATION CONTROL IN A LOW-SPEED ASYMMETRIC DIFFUSER WITH VARYING DOWNSTREAM BOUNDARY CONDITION

This paper presents an experimental investigation into the effect of a varying downstream boundary condition on dynamic separation control in a twodimensional low-speed asymmetric diffuser. The potential for coupling between the downstream boundary condition and the separation dynamics is relevant, for example, in using separation control to enable more aggressive serpentine aircraft inlets, where the compressor may be close to the separation point. Separation control in the experiment is obtained using spanwise unsteady forcing from a single tangential actuator located directly upstream of the separation point. The downstream boundary condition simulates the dominant quasi-steady and reflection characteristics of a compressor. Although the boundary condition affects the uncontrolled pressure recovery, the optimal forcing frequency is shown to depend only on the mass flow rate and not on either the presence, impedance, or location of the downstream boundary condition. At the conditions tested herein, we therefore conclude that the mechanism underlying dynamic separation control is local in nature, and is not influenced by global system dynamics.
AKR1B10 overexpression in breast cancer: Association with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and patient survival and its potential as a novel serum marker

Aldo‐keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) is a secretory protein that is upregulated with tumorigenic transformation of human mammary epithelial cells. This study demonstrated that AKR1B10 was overexpressed in 20 (71.4%) of 28 ductal carcinomas in situ, 184 (83.6%) of 220 infiltrating carcinomas and 28 (87.5%) of 32 recurrent tumors. AKR1B10 expression in breast cancer was correlated positively with tumor size (p = 0.0012) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0123) but inversely with disease‐related survival (p = 0.0120). Univariate (p = 0.0077) and multivariate (p = 0.0192) analyses both suggested that AKR1B10, alone or together with tumor size and node status, is a significant prognostic factor for breast cancer. Silencing of AKR1B10 in BT‐20 human breast cancer cells inhibited cell growth in culture and tumorigenesis in female nude mice. Importantly, AKR1B10 in the serum of breast cancer patients was significantly increased to 15.18 ± 9.08 ng/ml [n = 50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 12.60–17.76], with a high level up to 58.4 ng/ml, compared to 3.34 ± 2.27 ng/ml in healthy donors (n = 60; 95% CI, 2.78–3.90). In these patients, AKR1B10 levels in serum were correlated with its expression in tumors (r = 0.8066; p < 0.0001). Together our data suggests that AKR1B10 is overexpressed in breast cancer and may be a novel prognostic factor and serum marker for this deadly disease.
Supporting interface customization using a mixed-initiative approach

We describe a mixed-initiative framework designed to support the customization of complex graphical user interfaces. The framework uses an innovative form of online GOMS analysis to provide the user with tailored customization suggestions aimed at maximizing the user's performance with the interface. The suggestions are presented non-intrusively, minimizing disruption and allowing the user to maintain full control. The framework has been applied to a general user-productivity application. A formal user evaluation of the system provides encouraging evidence that this mixed-initiative approach is preferred to a purely adaptable alternative and that the system's suggestions help improve task performance.
Internet Addiction: Debating the Diagnosis

While the Internet has revolutionized the process of information gathering and communication in society, there has been mounting concern in the literature as to the effect of the medium on the individual. Researchers appear torn as to whether an individual can actually develop an addiction to the Internet. This report will review this controversy in detail, including proposed definitional criteria for problematic Internet use, explanatory theories of the manifestation of problematic Internet use, measures of problematic Internet use, and groups with a higher vulnerability of developing problematic Internet use. The report will conclude by identifying gaps in the literature, areas for future research, and implications for human service agencies and treatment providers.
Controllability and Stability in the Self-Serving Attributions of Sport Spectators

Abstract Spectators often attribute their athletic team's victories to internal causes and its losses to external causes (e.g., A. H. Hastorf & H. Cantril, 1954; R. R. Lau, 1984; L. Mann, 1974). This self-serving attributional pattern is most common among fans with a strong psychological attachment to their team (D. L. Wann & T. J. Dolan, 1994). The authors examined the relationships among identification, game outcome, and controllable and stable attributions. Their 1st hypothesis was that high-identification fans after a victory, compared with high-identification fans after a loss and low-identification fans after either outcome, would be more likely to exhibit self-serving attributional patterns by attributing their team's successes to controllable and stable causes. Their 2nd hypothesis was that high-identification fans would be more likely than low-identification fans to attribute their team's successes to internal causes and its failures to external causes. U.S. college students high and low in identification first watched their university's men's basketball team win or lose a contest and then completed measures of identification and attribution. The results confirmed the hypotheses.
Forming Social Justice Projects: Student Activists Reflect on Coalition-Building

Student activists share their experiences with racism and more specifically, their attempts to form school diversity initiatives. The author outlines a problematic lack of engagement of student activists in the scholarly literature on social justice, particularly related to their undervalued role as leaders in school-based antiracist coalitions. Excerpts from in-depth interviews with seven student participants in western Canadian schools offer new understandings on the potential of school-based activists. They explain the challenges and successes in building and sustaining activist coalitions and in pursuing their social justice efforts beyond school. Their contributions represent new voices to join the ongoing conversation in educational research and community activism.
Considering Pre-service Teacher Disposition Towards Mathematics

Thepush to ensure pre-service teachers are numerate, on face value, isappropriate. However, the way in which numeracy is described is of greatimportance as it will determine what is assessed and potentially how it isassessed. The way numeracy is described will also impact on how pre-serviceeducators assist pre-service teachers to develop their numeracy. This paperproposes that numeracy incorporates mathematical skills and disposition towardsmathematics. A discussion of what disposition towards mathematics is and how itmay be measured is provided, together with the proposition that addressingpre-service teacher disposition towards mathematics may help pre-serviceteachers to develop their numeracy – numeracy that reflects willingness toactually use mathematics in the real world. Suggestions on how this may beachieved are outlined.
Progression in comorbidity before hemodialysis initiation is a valuable predictor of survival in incident patients.

BACKGROUND Most studies investigate the association between the baseline Romano-Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and survival on hemodialysis (HD). Few consider the effect of progression in the CCI score (CCIp) on patient survival before HD initiation. That is CCIp = CCI-1 - CCI-3, where CCI(-1) is the CCI score in the first year before HD initiation, and CCI-3 is the CCI score in the third year before HD initiation. The present study investigated whether CCIp affects the survival of incident HD patients. METHODS Using the National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database of Taiwan, we recruited 7391 adult incident HD patients in the year 2006 for this historical cohort study. We followed the cohort until the end of 2007. Using the Romano-Charlson method, each comorbidity was assigned a score of 1, 2, 3 or 6. The scores were then summed to produce a total score (CCI), which predicts mortality. The log-rank test and a Cox regression model were used to analyze the association between CCIp and survival, and the risk markers of survival. RESULTS Diabetes, ulcers, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease and cerebrovascular disease were the most common comorbid conditions. The median CCI-3 was 2 (interquartile range 0-3). The overall survival rate in 1 year was 82.8%. In incident patients with a CCI-3 score of <3, the rate was 85.1%, and in patients with a CCI-3 score of ≥ 3, the rate was 76.8%. Each increase of one point in the CCI-3 score (HR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.42-2.01) and the CCIp (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.17-1.27) affected survival in HD patients. CONCLUSIONS The CCI-3 and CCIp before HD initiation are valuable predictors of survival in incident patients.
Drug therapy in the heart transplant recipient: part I: cardiac rejection and immunosuppressive drugs.

Survival after heart transplantation has improved considerably over the past 20 years. Half of all patients now live >9 years, and ≈25% live ≥17 years.1 Currently, ≈20 000 heart transplant recipients live in the United States.2 Improved longevity means prolonged immunosuppression and the concomitant use of drugs to prevent or treat the long-term complications of immunosuppressive agents, such as infection, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, renal insufficiency, diabetes, osteoporosis, gout, and malignancies. In 1989, heart transplant recipients surviving 1 year were reported to be taking 16±6 drug doses per day (prescription and nonprescription). 3 In 2001, heart transplant recipients surviving an average of 76 months were taking 7 prescription drugs (range, 2 to 14), along with a number of nonprescription drugs.4 Thus, despite prolonged survival, heart transplant recipients continue to take multiple medications. With the large number of heart transplant recipients in the community and the increasing number of immunosuppressive and nonimmunosuppressive drugs used by these patients, it is important that the general cardiologist understand these drugs, their side effects, and the very real potential for drug–drug interactions. These interactions may result in adverse events caused by supratherapeutic and subtherapeutic drug concentrations. In this series, we review mechanisms and types of rejection, immunosuppressive drugs commonly used in the heart transplant recipient, common medical problems after transplantation, and clinically significant drug–drug interactions. A brief review of known immunologic mechanisms leading to graft rejection highlights the action of individual immunosuppressive drugs, as well as the rationale for combination therapy5–8 (Figure). The rejection of a transplanted organ is primarily a T-lymphocyte (T-cell)–mediated event, although humoral (B-cell) responses also contribute. The exception is hyperacute rejection, which occurs when preformed antibodies to human leukocyte antigens (HLA) result in an immediate and catastrophic rejection. Immune recognition of donor antigens that differ from those of …
Support vector machine classification of Parkinson's disease and essential tremor subjects based on temporal fluctuation

Tremor is a common symptom shared in both Parkinson's disease (PD) and Essential tremor (ET) subjects. The differential diagnosis of PD and ET tremor is important since the realization of treatment depends on specific medication. A novel feature is developed based on a hypothesis that tremor of PD subject has a larger fluctuation during resting than action task. Tremor signal is collected using a triaxial gyroscope sensor attached to subject's finger during kinetic and resting task. The angular velocity signal is analyzed by transforming a one-dimensional to two-dimensional signal using a relation of signal and its delay versions. Tremor fluctuation is defined as the area of 95% confidence ellipse covering the two-dimensional signal. The tremor fluctuation during kinetic and resting task is used as classification features. The support vector machine is used as a classifier and tested with 10-fold cross-validation. This novel feature provides a perfect PD/ET classification with 100% accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.
Occupation and risk of parkinsonism: a multicenter case-control study.

BACKGROUND We examined risk of parkinsonism in occupations (agriculture, education, health care, welding, and mining) and toxicant exposures (solvents and pesticides) putatively associated with parkinsonism. OBJECTIVE To investigate occupations, specific job tasks, or exposures and risk of parkinsonism and clinical subtypes. DESIGN Case-control. SETTING Eight movement disorders centers in North America. PARTICIPANTS Inclusion criteria were parkinsonism (>or=2 cardinal signs), diagnosis within 8 years of recruitment (to minimize survival bias), and ability to participate in detailed telephone interviews. Control subjects were primarily nonblood relatives or acquaintances of patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES This multicenter case-control study compared lifelong occupational and job task histories to determine associations with parkinsonism and certain clinical subtypes (postural instability and gait difficulty and age at diagnosis <or=50 years). RESULTS Findings in 519 cases and 511 controls were analyzed. Work in agriculture, education, health care, or welding was not associated with increased risk of parkinsonism. Unexpected increased risks associated with legal, construction and extraction, or religious occupations were not maintained after adjustment for duration. Risk of parkinsonism increased with pesticide use (odds ratio, 1.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-3.21), use of any of 8 pesticides mechanistically associated with experimental parkinsonism (2.20; 1.02-4.75), and use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.59; 1.03-6.48). None of the specific occupations, job tasks, or task-related exposures were associated with younger age at diagnosis (<or=50 years). Ever working in business and finance, legal occupations, construction and extraction, or transportation and material moving was associated with postural instability and gait difficulty subtype of parkinsonism. Tobacco use was inversely associated with parkinsonism risk. CONCLUSION The association of disease risk with pesticides support a toxicant-induced cause of parkinsonism.
Fluid resuscitation in severe sepsis and septic shock: An evidence-based review

Objective:In 2003, critical care and infectious disease experts representing 11 international organizations developed management guidelines for fluid resuscitation in severe sepsis and septic shock that would be of practical use for the bedside clinician, under the auspices of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, an international effort to increase awareness and improve outcome in severe sepsis. Design:The process included a modified Delphi method, a consensus conference, several subsequent smaller meetings of subgroups and key individuals, teleconferences, and electronic-based discussion among subgroups and among the entire committee. Methods:The modified Delphi methodology used for grading recommendations built on a 2001 publication sponsored by the International Sepsis Forum. We undertook a systematic review of the literature graded along five levels to create recommendation grades from A to E, with A being the highest grade. Pediatric considerations to contrast adult and pediatric management are in the article by Parker et al. on p. S591. Conclusion:Fluid resuscitation of severe sepsis may consist of natural or artificial colloids or crystalloids. Fluid challenge should be administered and repeated based on response (increase in blood pressure and urine output) and tolerance (evidence of intravascular volume overload).
Hate Thy Neighbor: Move-In Violence and the Persistence of Racial Segregation in American Housing

Despite increasing racial tolerance and national diversity, neighborhood segregation remains a very real problem in cities across America. Scholars, government officials, and the general public have long attempted to understand why segregation persists despite efforts to combat it, traditionally focusing on the issue of “white flight,” or the idea that white residents will move to other areas if their neighborhood becomes integrated. In Hate Thy Neighbor, Jeannine Bell expands upon these understandings by investigating a little-examined but surprisingly prevalent problem of “move-in violence:” the anti-integration violence directed by white residents at minorities who move into their neighborhoods. Apprehensive about their new neighbors and worried about declining property values, these residents resort to extra-legal violence and intimidation tactics, often using vandalism and verbal harassment to combat what they view as a violation of their territory. Hate Thy Neighbor is the first work to seriously examine the role violence plays in maintaining housing segregation, illustrating how intimidation and fear are employed to force minorities back into separate neighborhoods and prevent meaningful integration. Drawing on evidence that includes in-depth interviews with ordinary citizens and analysis of Fair Housing Act cases, Bell provides a moving examination of how neighborhood racial violence is enabled today and how it harms not only the victims, but entire communities. By finally shedding light on this disturbing phenomenon, Hate Thy Neighbor not only enhances our understanding of how prevalent segregation and this type of hate-crime remain, but also offers insightful analysis of a complex mix of remedies that can work to address this difficult problem.
The Effects of Prior-knowledge and Online Learning Approaches on Students’ Inquiry and Argumentation Abilities

This study investigated the effects of students’ prior science knowledge and online learning approaches (social and individual) on their learning with regard to three topics: science concepts, inquiry, and argumentation. Two science teachers and 118 students from 4 eighth-grade science classes were invited to participate in this research. Students in each class were divided into three groups according to their level of prior science knowledge; they then took either our social- or individual-based online science learning program. The results show that students in the social online argumentation group performed better in argumentation and online argumentation learning. Qualitative analysis indicated that the students’ social interactions benefited the co-construction of sound arguments and the accurate understanding of science concepts. In constructing arguments, students in the individual online argumentation group were limited to knowledge recall and self-reflection. High prior-knowledge students significantly outperformed low prior-knowledge students in all three aspects of science learning. However, the difference in inquiry and argumentation performance between low and high prior-knowledge students decreased with the progression of online learning topics.