Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mediating effects of family on sport in international development contexts

The role of family in influencing sports behaviour is widely recognized. This article extends this body of knowledge by examining how the family influences young people’s responses to sport programmes operating in international development contexts. Recognizing the central role of the family as a social institution, the article highlights the cultural significance and specificity of the family, and the importance of this to sport programmes which aim to foster social change. Drawing on empirical data from studies in India, Zambia and Brazil, the multiple and contradictory roles that families play in relation to three sport programmes are analysed. It is shown that while families may support and even extend the positive impact of programmes, they might equally resist them, and in some cases may even be a source of the problems that such initiatives seek to alleviate. The article concludes that locating young people’s experiences of and responses to sport within their family context is an important step in developing a better understanding of the social and cultural environment within which international development programmes operate.
Risk Factors for Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants

Objective: Spontaneous intestinal perforations (SIP) in extremely low birth weight infants are distinctly different from necrotizing enterocolitis. The etiology of SIP is not well understood. Our objective was to identify perinatal therapeutic interventions that may increase the risk of spontaneous intestinal perforations. Methods: Medical records of extremely low birth weight infants (BW<1000g) admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit during 42-month period were studied. Infants with radiologic or histologic diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis were excluded. Information collected included maternal and infant demographics, perinatal risk factors, clinical findings and interventions, and exposure to medications before and after delivery. Chi square and paired t-tests were used to compare SIP patients to those with no perforation (NP). Mean values are given with standard error of the mean. Results: There were 13 SIP and 165 NP. There were more male infants (84.6% vs 49.1%, p<0.025) and more out born infants (61.5% vs 39.9%, p<0.05) in the SIP group. The use of maternal tertbutaline was higher in the SIP group (30.8% vs 9.1%, p<0.015). Early treatment with indomethacin (0-3days) was significantly higher in the SIP group (69.2% vs 27.9%, p=0.002). Hypotension requiring dopamine was significantly higher in the SIP group (69.2% vs 34.6%, p=0.017). Combined exposure to antenatal steroids and postnatal indomethacin was significantly higher in the SIP group (69.2% vs 36.4%, p=0.019), as was the combined early treatment with hydrocortisone and indomethacin (7.7% vs 0.6%, p=0.02). Conclusions: Early use of indomethacin, and co-exposure to antenatal or postnatal steroids is related to development of spontaneous intestinal perforation in extremely low birth weight infants. Prenatal exposure to maternal terbutaline and postnatal use of dopamine for hypotension increases the risk for SIP in these infants.
Authority Role of a Functional Manager: The Controller.

In this study of the controller's decision-making authority, controllers, their peers, and superiors in 25 firms were interviewed for their perceptions of the controller's authority in specific decisions. The data indicate that controllers do not have the same authority in all their functions or in the various decisions within those functions. Also controllers, their peers, and superiors have different perceptions of the controller's authority. A comparison is made with the findings of an earlier study on personnel managers, and some implications are noted.
Processive Pectin Methylesterases: The Role of Electrostatic Potential, Breathing Motions and Bond Cleavage in the Rectification of Brownian Motions

Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) hydrolyze the methylester groups that are found on the homogalacturonan (HG) chains of pectic polysaccharides in the plant cell wall. Plant and bacterial PMEs are especially interesting as the resulting de-methylesterified (carboxylated) sugar residues are found to be arranged contiguously, indicating a so-called processive nature of these enzymes. Here we report the results of continuum electrostatics calculations performed along the molecular dynamics trajectory of a PME-HG-decasaccharide complex. In particular it was observed that, when the methylester groups of the decasaccharide were arranged in order to mimic the just-formed carboxylate product of de-methylesterification, a net unidirectional sliding of the model decasaccharide was subsequently observed along the enzyme’s binding groove. The changes that occurred in the electrostatic binding energy and protein dynamics during this translocation provide insights into the mechanism by which the enzyme rectifies Brownian motions to achieve processivity. The free energy that drives these molecular motors is thus demonstrated to be incorporated endogenously in the methylesterified groups of the HG chains and is not supplied exogenously.
Ground Delay Program Analytics with Behavioral Cloning and Inverse Reinforcement Learning

Historical data are used to build two types of models that predict Ground Delay Program implementation decisions and produce insights into how and why those decisions are made. More specifically, behavioral cloning and inverse reinforcement learning models are built that predict hourly Ground Delay Program implementation at Newark Liberty International and San Francisco International airports. Data available to the models include actual and scheduled air traffic metrics and observed and forecasted weather conditions. The developed random forest models are substantially better at predicting hourly Ground Delay Program implementation for these airports than the developed inverse reinforcement learning models. However, all of the models struggle to predict the initialization and cancellation of Ground Delay Programs. The structure of the models are also investigated in order to gain insights into Ground Delay Program implementation decision making. Notably, characteristics of both types of model suggest that.
Analyzing task‐dependent brain network changes by whole‐brain psychophysiological interactions: A comparison to conventional analysis

While fMRI activation studies contrasting task conditions regularly assess the whole brain, this is usually not true for studies analyzing task‐dependent brain connectivity changes by psychophysiological interactions (PPI). Here we combine standard PPI (sPPI) and generalized PPI (gPPI) with a priori brain parcellation by spatially constrained normalized cut spectral clustering (NCUT) to analyze task‐dependent connectivity changes in a whole brain manner, and compare the results to multiseed conventional PPI analyses over all activation peaks in an episodic memory recall task. We show that, depending on the chosen parcellation frame, the whole‐brain PPI approach is able to detect a large amount of the information that is detected by the conventional approach. Over and above, whole‐brain PPI allows identification of several additional task‐modulated connections, particularly from seed regions without significant activation differences between conditions. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5071–5082, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Farmyard Manure and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Growth , Yield and Moisture Stress Tolerance of Rain-fed Lowland Rice

The effect of integrated farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizers on growth, yield, and terminal moisture stress tolerance of rain-fed lowland rice was assessed in a field experiment carried out at Fogera plains, in north-western Ethiopia during the main cropping seasons of 2010 and 2011. Treatments were factorial combinations of three rates of FYM (0, 7.5, and 15 t ha), three rates of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 kg N ha) and three rates of phosphorus (0, 50, and 100 kg P2O5 ha). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design replicated three times per treatment. Data were collected on rice yield and yield components. Leaf area index (LAI), Crop Growth Rate (CGR), Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) and harvest index (HI) were computed. Economic analysis was also performed by estimating costs of alternative uses of FYM and inorganic fertilizers as well as grain and straw prices. Analysis of the results revealed that applying FYM at 15 t ha combined with 120 kg N ha and 100 kg P2O5 ha increased grain yield by 123% and 38% compared to the negative (00-0 kg ha FYM-N-P2O5) and positive (0-120-100 kg ha FYM-N-P2O5) controls, respectively. Similarly; LAI, CGR, NAR, the number of filled spikelets per panicle, N and P uptake,biomass yield, and grain protein content as well as agrophysiological efficiency of N and P were significantly enhanced in response to increasing the rates of FYM and inorganic N and P fertilizers. It was observed that 15 t ha FYM combined with 120 kg N ha and 100 kg P2O5 ha resulted in the maximum grain yield, grain protein content, and terminal moisture stress escape. Though grain yield continued increasing significantly upto the highest combinations, results of the economic analysis showed that the maximum net benefit was obtained in response to the application of 7.5 t ha FYM combined with 120 kg N ha and 100 kg P2O5 ha.
Measuring the ABCs of Leisure Experience: Awareness, Boredom, Challenge, Distress

Abstract The psychometric properties of four aspects of leisure experience (Awareness, Boredom, Challenge, Distress), originally identified and tested with adolescents, were investigated with college students. Findings indicated that the original subscales were internally consistent and could be applied, with minor modification, irrespective of gender, ethnicity, college major, or employment. Interrelationships among the four leisure constructs of Awareness, Boredom, Challenge, and Distress were found to vary as a function of both gender and ethnicity, yielding different profiles of African-American, Asian-American, European-American, and Hispanic-American male and female students.
Visual attention, emotion, and action tendency: Feeling active or passive

Several visual and emotional processes reflect similar underlying patterns of cortical activation. Characteristic individual perceptual style was measured by lateral attentional errors in a standard visual line-bisecting task. The direction of error indicates a predominance of activation in the contralateral prefrontal cortex. Individual differences in mood were measured by the self-endorsement of emotional adjectives. A total of 27 right-handed adults responded to the trait version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). As predicted, rightward errors in visual line bisecting correlated positively and significantly with the Positive Affect subscale. The scale adjectives determined and strong had significant correlations with the visual bisecting measure. The negative affect subscale was correlated with neither the line bisecting measure nor the positive subscale. An extension from trait to state measures tested the self-description of current affect using related synonyms and antonyms in a subset of 22 of the participants. Active, dominant, mighty, powerful, and strong were significantly associated with rightward bisecting errors, whereas passive and cooperative were correlated with errors in the opposite direction. The results were incompatible with the valence model (positive-negative), direction model (approach-withdrawal), and movement model (approach-resistance) of the lateral prefrontal substrate of emotion. The action tendency model (active approach-passive yielding) was supported.
THE ACCIDENTAL BEHAVIORIST: A REVIEW OF THE NEW BEHAVIORISM BY JOHN STADDON

Staddon contends that behavior analysis may profit from theory, by which he means theory that includes assumed elemental processes allowing derivation of observed patterns of results. Behavior analysts who consider that our field has matured to the point where we are secure in our descriptive grasp of a range of phenomena will tend to agree. Unfortunately, the book's positive message is almost lost in a morass of distracting criticisms of Skinner and behavior analysis in general. Instead of recognizing the growth and maturation of the field, Staddon writes as if the field has stagnated and blames that stagnation on what he takes to be Skinner's antipathy toward theory. Neither has behavior analysis become stagnated, nor should Skinner be blamed for any shortcomings. Instead of acknowledging Skinner's foundational contributions to the field, however, Staddon devotes most of this book to bashing Skinner and fails to distinguish his own view of theory based on internal states from theory in cognitive psychology, treating theoretical models and unseen processes as the “true” subject of inquiry and behavior as only an indicator.
Quality of Care During a Community-wide Experiment in Prospective Payment to Hospitals

To determine whether a community-wide experiment in hospital prospective payment adversely affected quality of care, availability and outcomes of care were studied in Rochester, NY from 1980 to 1984. During this 5-year period, prospective payment contained hospital expenditures in a community that was already below the national average in health-care costs. Access to necessary care was maintained, and there were increased admissions for management of maternal illness and acute myocardial infarction. Rates of inpatient elective surgery declined. Outcomes of care remained stable, including neonatal deaths, ischemic heart disease deaths, deaths from five selected surgical conditions, and rates of adverse outcomes from sentinel medical and surgical conditions. These results indicated that prospective payment programs in which incentives to decrease marginal or unneeded care are linked with a community-wide effort to plan for the delivery of services can be financially and clinically successful.
Do we really understand coaching? How can we make it work better?

Coaching has enormous benefits for both organisations and for the individuals they employ. When good coaching is widespread, the whole organisation can learn new things more quickly and therefore can adapt to change more effectively. Individuals not only learn the new skills they are coached in, they also become better and proactive learners. For coaching to be effective in an organisation, a supportive climate is required; one where coaching is regarded as a normal part of managing and where greater importance is placed on learning from mistakes than on blaming people for them. This is too often overlooked by many organisations which wish to introduce coaching. Effective coaching requires that both organisations and the learning establishments that support them adopt a more informed strategy to develop coaches and to build and maintain a climate where coaching can happen.
Patterns of adaptive performance by individuals with autism spectrum disorders on the Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised (SIB-R)

Abstract There has been an increase in the past several years of the number of people diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autism spectrum diagnoses include autism, Asperger’s Disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. There are several measures of adaptive functioning that are given to individuals with an ASD, but one that is not often used is the Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised (SIB-R). The 25 participants in this study were clients from a psychology clinic and a private psychology practice; all data obtained were archival. This study examines subscores on the SIB-R and their correlations between Full IQ scores and Verbal IQ scores, to assess the convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity of the SIB-R with ASD clients and to describe the typical profile seen in this group. Results suggest that the SIB-R could be useful as a source of diagnostically relevant information for individuals with ASDs.
Strategies for Prevention and Management of Hypertension throughout Life

Hypertension has been acknowledged as one of the greatest and established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. In this special article, strategies for the prevention and management of hypertension throughout human’s life were discussed. Studies showing the relationship of birth weight and height increase in childhood to future blood pressure suggest that both environments during pregnancy and during childhood and adolescence are important to prevent hypertension. The promotion of a DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) dietary pattern, rich in fruits and vegetables, is important not only for treatment of high blood pressure but also for long-term prevention of blood pressure rise as well. Blood pressure measured in young adulthood can effectively predict long-term risks of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, so population-wide primary prevention of high blood pressure for young adults is important. Recent large scale cohort studies confirmed that detection and evaluation of hypertension based mainly on systolic blood pressure remains the most practical and easy approach in the general population for young adult, middle-aged, and older men and women. Researchers in Asia are desired to establish high-quality epidemiologic evidences for Asian for the prevention and management of hypertension.
Lost talent : unrealized educational aspirations and expectations among U.S. youths

L'A. presente un certain nombre de donnees collectees aux Etats-Unis en 1980 concernant l'enseignement secondaire et superieur et etudie le non-developpement de certaines aptitudes dans le cadre du systeme scolaire. Il examine les variables comme le sexe, la race, l'âge, l'origine sociale et montre que ce phenomene concerne surtout les eleves qui ont des attentes sur le plan educationnel qui ne correspondent pas a leurs aspirations, qui doivent modifier leur projet dans le temps ou qui ne seront pas capables de le realiser
Conceituando o capital social em relação a crianças e jovens: é diferente para meninas?

This paper describes a research project that explored the relevance of Putnam's (1993) definition of social capital (as consisting of social networks, norms of trust, reciprocity, civic engagement and participation in communities) with children and young people in disadvantaged areas. Also, the paper presents data from an empirical sociological study that attempted to explore the meaning and relevance of different aspects of "social capital" for 12-15 year olds living in two deprived areas of a town in SE England. It is based on young people's descriptions of their everyday lives, and focuses on four elements: accounts of parents and the centrality of mothers; gender differences in accounts of the meaning and nature of friendship; gender differences in experiences of neighbourhood spaces and local facilities; and gender differences in young people's aspirations for the future.
Measuring psychosocial risk in families caring for a child with cancer: The psychosocial assessment tool (PAT2.0)

The Psychosocial Assessment Tool 2.0 (PAT2.0) is a recently developed screening measure for assessing psychosocial risk in families caring for a child with cancer. This study aimed to assess the external validity of the PAT2.0 in an Australian pediatric oncology sample. Further aims included examining mothers' and fathers' PAT2.0 scores, change in psychosocial risk over time, and the relationship between treatment intensity and psychosocial risk.
Explaining Change: Theorizing and Testing Dynamic Mediated Longitudinal Relationships

Many disciplines of scholarship have developed theories that involve dynamic mediated (and multilevel) relationships among constructs. However, most research does not hypothesize or test these dynamic relationships in a manner consistent with theory. In this article, the authors address this disconnect by first noting the theoretical and methodological limitations of ignoring dynamic mediated (and multilevel) relationships. Specifically, the authors show that theory testing suffers and statistical conclusions are often erroneous when dynamic mediation is ignored. The authors then present several ways of conceptualizing dynamic mediated relationships and then turn to summarizing two statistical models for analyzing such data. They conclude with a brief example from a team performance context.
Prediction of transmitting abilities for Holstein type traits.

Heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations among 14 linear type traits were estimated from Holstein Association data by multiple trait REML. Data used for parameter estimation were records of 779,391 daughters of 871 sires included in the January 1988 sire evaluation. Each daughter was represented by her appraisal closest to 30 mo of age. Highest heritability was . 37 for stature, and lowest was . 10 for foot angle. Gains in reliability from using correlated traits in multiple trait prediction were large for some traits (up to 60% for foot angle for cows). Final score variance parameters were estimated from 953,596 records, which were 43% of records included in the national sire evaluation. Sire models that adjusted or did not adjust for merit of mates were compared. Heritability of final score was . 27 with adjustment for merit of mates by subtraction of predicted transmitting ability of dam from daughter's record compared with . 29 if mate was ignored. Evaluations for type for several popular older sires were reduced moderately by adjustment for merit of mates, but estimated genetic trend increased slightly. An improved genetic grouping procedure that considers group effects as inherited was adapted for use in sire models. Parameter estimates and models presented were implemented by the Holstein Association for computing July 1988 genetic evaluations for linear traits and final score.
Self-Discrepancy Monitoring and its Impact on Negative Mood: An Experimental Investigation

Background: The perception of self-discrepancies between the actual self and the ideal self has been defined as a cognitive risk factor for depression (Higgins, 1987). In this view, self-discrepancy monitoring (SDM) refers to the voluntary re-orientation of attention towards detecting discrepancies between ideal and actual selves, even in a positive situation. Aims: The goal of this study was to explore the impact of SDM on levels of mood in the face of positive stimuli. Method: Two clinical and two non-clinical samples were recruited from two different European countries (Italy and Romania). All participants were asked to focus on a past positive experience, and were then randomly allocated to one of two induction tasks. The experimental condition consisted of monitoring discrepancies between personal goals and the recalled positive experience, while the control condition consisted of observing what the participant was feeling. Results: The findings show that, after recalling a positive memory, SDM leads to a significant decrease in mood over a short period independent of the severity of depressive symptoms. This effect is partially mediated by the concurrent change in levels of brooding. Conclusions: Self-discrepancy monitoring in response to positive stimuli tends to lower current mood independent of the initial level of depressive symptoms, and seems to be a global trigger of emotional distress that does not refer only to a depressed cognitive style.