Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Benign positional vertigo

We report the clinical and oculographic features in 240 patients with benign positional vertigo (BPV). In each case, after a rapid position change from the sitting to head-hanging position, a stereotyped torsional paroxysmal positional nystagmus was visually observed and recorded with electronystagmography (ENG). The mean age of onset was 54 years, with a range of 11 to 84 years. In slightly more than one-half of the cases (122/240) a likely diagnosis was determined. The most common identifiable causes were head trauma (17%) and viral neurolabyrinthitis (15%). Females outnumbered males approximately two to one in the idiopathic group. Abnormalities on bithermal caloric testing were found in 47% of patients. Only two patients, both with well-documented neurologic disorders, had central signs on ENG. Our data are consistent with a peripheral, posterior semicircular canal origin of BPV.
Bis[4-amino-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamidato]-κ2 N,N′;κN-aquabis(dimethylformamide-κO)cadmium(II) monohydrate

In the title compound, [Cd(C10H9N4O2S)2(C3H7NO)2(H2O)]·H2O, the CdII ion displays a grossly distorted octahedral (or irregular) mer-CdN3O3 coodination polyhdron arising from its coordination by one N,N′-bidentate sulfadiazinate anion, one monodentate sulfadiazinate anion, two O-bonded dimethylformamide molecules and one water molecule. A short Cd⋯N contact [2.890 (3) Å] to the monodentate sulfadiazinate ion also occurs. The dihedral angles between the planes of the aromatic rings of the anions are 86.81 (14) and 68.65 (14)°. The crystal structure features intermolecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds.
Interplay of growth rate and xylem plasticity for optimal coordination of carbon and hydraulic economies in Fraxinus ornus trees.

Efficient leaf water supply is fundamental for assimilation processes and tree growth. Renovating the architecture of the xylem transport system requires an increasing carbon investment while growing taller, and any deficiency of carbon availability may result in increasing hydraulic constraints to water flow. Therefore, plants need to coordinate carbon assimilation and biomass allocation to guarantee an efficient and safe long-distance transport system. We tested the hypothesis that reduced branch elongation rates together with carbon-saving adjustments of xylem anatomy hydraulically compensate for the reduction in biomass allocation to xylem. We measured leaf biomass, hydraulic and anatomical properties of wood segments along the main axis of branches in 10 slow growing (SG) and 10 fast growing (FG) Fraxinus ornus L. trees. Branches of SG trees had five times slower branch elongation rate (7 vs 35 cm year-1), and produced a higher leaf biomass (P < 0.0001) and thinner xylem rings with fewer but larger vessels (P < 0.0001). On the contrary, we found no differences between SG and FG trees in terms of leaf-specific conductivity (P > 0.05) and xylem safety (Ψ50 ≈ -3.2 MPa). Slower elongation rate coupled with thinner annual rings and larger vessels allows the reduction of carbon costs associated with growth, while maintaining similar leaf-specific conductivity and xylem safety.
Evolution of Herbivory in a Carnivorous Clade of Minnows (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): Effects on Gut Size and Digestive Physiology

We constructed a phylogeny for 10 minnow species (family Cyprinidae) previously revealed to be members of sister genera with different dietary affinities and used the phylogeny to examine whether the evolution of digestive tract size and physiology is correlated with the evolution of diet in these fishes. We studied a total of 11 taxa: four herbivorous species in the genus Campostoma and six largely carnivorous species in the genus Nocomis, including two populations of Nocomis leptocephalus, the carnivorous Chattahoochee River drainage population and the herbivorous Altamaha River drainage population. Thus, we were able to compare digestive tract size and physiology among sister genera (Campostoma and Nocomis) and among sister taxa (N. leptocephalus Chattahoochee and N. leptocephalus Altamaha) in dietary and phylogenetic contexts. The herbivorous taxa had longer digestive tracts and higher activity of the carbohydrases amylase and laminarinase in their guts, whereas the carnivorous species had higher chitinase activity. Phylogenetic independent‐contrast analysis suggested that the evolution of amylase and chitinase activities was correlated with the evolution of diet in these species, whereas trypsin and lipase activities showed no pattern associated with diet or phylogenetic history. Concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids were low in all taxa, indicating that these fishes rely largely on endogenous digestive mechanisms to subsist on their respective diets. Subtle differences in tooth shape were observed between species in the two genera. Overall, our results suggest that dietary specialization can be observed on the level of anatomy and physiology of the digestive tracts of fishes but that such differences are most appropriately viewed in comparisons of closely related species with different diets.
The effect of MHD turbulence on massive protoplanetary disk fragmentation

Massive disk fragmentation has been suggested to be one of the mechanisms leading to the formation of giant planets. While it has been heavily studied in quiescent hydrodynamic disks, the effect of MHD turbulence arising from the magnetorotational instability (MRI) has never been investigated. This paper fills this gap and presents 3D numerical simulations of the evolution of locally isothermal, massive and magnetized disks. In the absence of magnetic fields, a laminar disk fragments and clumps are formed due to the effect of self-gravity. Although they disapear in less than a dynamical timescale in the simulations because of the limited numerical resolution, various diagnostics suggest that they should survive and form giant planets in real disks. When the disk is magnetized, it becomes turbulent at the same time as gravitational instabilities develop. At intermediate resolution, no fragmentation is observed in these turbulent models, while a large number of fragments appear in the equivalent hydrodynamical runs. This is because MHD turbulence reduces the strength of the gravitational instability. As the resolution is increased, the most unstable wavelengths of the MRI are better resolved and small scale angular momentum transport starts to play a role: fragments are found to form in massive and turbulent disks in that case. All of these results indicate that there is a complicated interaction between gravitational instabilities and MHD turbulence that influences disk fragmentation processes.
Seasonal Migration as a Substitute for, or Precursor to, Permanent Migration

Seasonal migration to national amenity areas is a major form of cyclical migration in the United States. This article examines conditions under which seasonal movement serves as a substitute for, or precursor to, permanent migration among winter visitors to recreational vehicle (RV) parks in the Phoenix, Arizona area. Ties to the home community, ties to the seasonal residence, demographic characteristics, and commitment to a mobile lifestyle are specified as determinants of expectations of moving to Phoenix on a permanent basis. The model is tested using survey data for a sample of 1,001 winter visitors in Phoenix RV parks. Results of a discriminant analysis indicate that place ties and position in the life cycle condition expectations of permanently migrating to a seasonal residence.
A GOOD ALGORITHM FOR LEXICOGRAPHICALLY OPTIMAL FLOWS IN MULTI-TERMINAL NETWORKS

Let a network have several sources and sinks. For any flow f let of and rf denote the vectors of net flows out of the sources and into the sinks, respectively, arranged in order of increasing magnitude. Our algorithm computes an f for which both of and rf are lexicographic maxima. For a net- work with n nodes this algorithm terminates within 0(nS) operations.
Success Factors in ERP Systems Implementations. Result of Research on the Polish ERP Market

In the article the problem of success factors in ERP systems implementations has been discussed. The review of the literature concerning success factors has been discussed and a collection of potential ERP implementation success factors was identified. Next, the result of research has been presented where respondents have been asked about their opinion about the importance of subsequent factors for the implementation success and about the factors’ appearance in researched implementation projects. There were two groups of respondents: the first consisted of people from Polish enterprises implementing ERP systems and the second comprised experts working in ERP systems suppliers. The synthetic measure of implementation success was constructed and the analysis of the factors’ impact on the implementation project success was performed. Then, on the basis of this analysis, the most influential factors for the ERP implementation success were selected.
Stability and deposition tendency of colloidal wood resin

The influence of the chemical composition of dispersed wood resin obtained from Norway spruce and Scots pine on its colloidal stability and deposition tendency was studied. The ability of dissolved glucomannans to stabilise colloidal resin against aggregation with simple electrolytes was also examined. Free fatty acids increased the stability of wood resin against aggregation at pH 5. At pH 8 no significant differences in the stability between different compositions were found, except for the dispersion of resin from pine heartwood, which was considerably more stable against NaCl additions than other dispersions. Different preparations of glucomannans were shown to be effective stabilisers of colloidal wood resin against aggregation as well as deposition (at pH 5 ) . Additions of free fatty acids increased the deposition tendency at pH 5 , but decreased the deposition tendency at pH 8, when CaC12 was not present in the dispersions. The addition of CaClz increased the amount of deposit both at pH 5 and pH 8.
Design and control of a soft and continuously deformable 2D robotic manipulation system

In this paper we describe the design, fabrication, control, and experimental validation of a soft and highly compliant 2D manipulator. The arm consists of several body segments actuated using bi-directional fluidic elastomer actuators and is fabricated using a novel composite molding process. We use a cascaded PI and PID computation and novel fluidic drive cylinders to provide closed-loop control of curvature for each soft and highly compliant body segment. Furthermore, we develop algorithms to compute the arm's forward and inverse kinematics in a manner consistent with piece-wise constant curvature continuum manipulators. These computation and control systems enable this highly compliant robot to autonomously follow trajectories. Experimental results with a robot consisting of six segments show that controlled movement of a soft and highly compliant manipulator is feasible.
An Õ(mn) Gomory-Hu tree construction algorithm for unweighted graphs

We present a fast algorithm for computing a Gomory-Hu tree or cut tree for an unweighted undirected graph G = (V,E). The expected running time of our algorithm is Õ(mc) where |E| = m and c is the maximum u-vedge connectivity, where u,v ∈ V. When the input graph is also simple (i.e., it has no parallel edges), then the u-v edge connectivity for each pair of vertices u and v is at most n-1; so the expected running time of our algorithm for simple unweighted graphs is Õ(mn). All the algorithms currently known for constructing a Gomory-Hu tree [8,9] use n-1 minimum s-t cut (i.e., max flow) subroutines. This in conjunction with the current fastest Õ(n20/9) max flow algorithm due to Karger and Levine [11] yields the current best running time of Õ(n20/9n) for Gomory-Hu tree construction on simpleunweighted graphs with m edges and n vertices. Thus we present the first Õ(mn) algorithm for constructing a Gomory-Hu tree for simple unweighted graphs.We do not use a max flow subroutine here; we present an efficient tree packing algorithm for computing Steiner edge connectivity and use this algorithm as our main subroutine. The advantage in using a tree packing algorithm for constructing a Gomory-Hu tree is that the work done in computing a minimum Steiner cut for a Steiner set S ⊆ V can be reused for computing a minimum Steiner cut for certain Steiner sets S' ⊆ S.
PREVALENCE OF TORUS MANDIBULARIS AMONG VARIOUS ETHNIC GROUPS IN KARACHI CITY: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of torus mandibularis in dental patients with regard to ethnic population in Karachi city. This study was undertaken at a dentistry teaching hospital of Karachi. Eight hundred subjects were clinically examined, presenting for their common dental health issues with the diagnosis of torus mandibularis (TM). This study was conducted from January 2011 to March 2012. The location, position and clinical presentation of torus mandibularis were recorded, related to age and sex of various ethnic populations. Subjects participated in the study were 365 (45.6%) males and 435 (54.3%) females. Its overall prevalence in the study subjects was 8.6%. The mean age of patient was 41.79 and STD±16.61. Torus mandibularis was observed in both genders with females having predominance. Urdu speaking population showed higher frequency of TM as compared to other ethnic sample.
Prolonged Antigen Expression following DNA Vaccination Impairs Effector CD8+ T Cell Function and Memory Development1

After priming, naive T cells undergo a program of expansion, contraction, and memory formation. Numerous studies have indicated that only a brief period of antigenic stimulation is required to fully commit CD8+ T cells to this program. Nonetheless, the persistence of Ag may modulate the eventual fate of CD8+ T cells. Using DNA delivery, we showed previously that direct presentation primes high levels of effector CD8+ T cells as compared with cross-presentation. One explanation now revealed is that prolonged cross-presentation limits effector cell expansion and function. To analyze this, we used a drug-responsive system to regulate Ag expression after DNA injection. Reducing expression to a single burst expanded greater numbers of peptide-specific effector CD8+ T cells than sustained Ag. Consequences for memory development were assessed after boosting and showed that, although persistent Ag maintained higher numbers of tetramer-positive CD8+ T cells, these expanded less (∼4-fold) than those induced by transient Ag expression (∼35-fold). Transient expression at priming therefore led to a net higher secondary response. In terms of vaccine design, we propose that the most effective DNA-based CD8+ T cell vaccines will be those that deliver a short burst of Ag.
A home‐based progressive resistance exercise programme for patients with venous leg ulcers: a feasibility study

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a home‐based exercise programme and examine the effects on the healing rates of venous leg ulcers. A 12‐week randomised controlled trial was conducted investigating the effects of an exercise intervention compared to a usual care group. Participants in both groups (n = 13) had active venous ulceration and were treated in a metropolitan hospital outpatients clinic in Australia. Data were collected on recruitment from medical records, clinical assessment and questionnaires. Follow‐up data on progress in healing and treatments were collected fortnightly for 12 weeks. Calf muscle pump function data were collected at baseline and 12 weeks from recruitment. Range of ankle motion data were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks from recruitment. This pilot study indicated that the intervention was feasible. Clinical significance was observed in the intervention group with a 32% greater decrease in ulcer size (P = 0·34) than the usual care group, and a 10% (P = 0·74) improvement in the number of participants healed in the intervention group compared to the usual care group. Significant differences between groups over time were observed in calf muscle pump function parameters [ejection fraction (P = 0·05), residual volume fraction (P = 0·04)] and range of ankle motion (P = 0·01). This pilot study is one of the first to examine and measure clinical healing rates for participants involved in a home‐based progressive resistance exercise programme. Further research is warranted with a larger multi‐site study.
Roles of Non-catalytic Subunits in Gβγ-induced Activation of Class I Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Isoforms β and γ*

By using purified preparations we show that nanomolar concentrations of Gβγ significantly stimulated lipid kinase activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) β and PI3Kγ in the presence as well as in the absence of non-catalytic subunits such as p85α or p101. Concomitantly, Gβγ stimulated autophosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of PI3Kγ (EC50, 30 nm; stoichiometry ≥0.6 mol of Pi/mol of p110γ), which also occurred in the absence of p101. Surprisingly, we found that p101 affected the lipid substrate preference of PI3Kγ in its Gβγ-stimulated state. With phosphatidylinositol as substrate, p110γ but not p101/p110γ was significantly stimulated by Gβγ to form PI-3-phosphate (EC50, 20 nm). The opposite situation was found when PI-4,5-bisphosphate served as substrate. Gβγ efficiently and potently (EC50, 5 nm) activated the p101/p110γ heterodimer but negligibly stimulated the p110γ monomer to form PI-3,4,5-trisphosphate. However, this weak stimulatory effect on p110γ was overcome by excess concentrations of Gβγ (EC50, 100 nm). This finding is in accordance with the in vivo situation, where activated PI3K catalyzes the formation of PI-3,4,5-trisphosphate but not PI-3-phosphate. We conclude that p101 is responsible for PI-4,5-bisphosphate substrate selectivity of PI3Kγ by sensitizing p110γ toward Gβγ in the presence of PI-4,5-P2.
The Pleiotropic Role of the 26S Proteasome Subunit RPN10 in Arabidopsis Growth and Development Supports a Substrate-Specific Function in Abscisic Acid Signaling Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.009217.

The 26S proteasome is an essential protease complex responsible for removing most short-lived intracellular proteins, especially those modified with polyubiquitin chains. We show here that an Arabidopsis mutant expressing an altered RPN10 subunit exhibited a pleiotropic phenotype consistent with specific changes in 26S proteasome function. rpn10-1 plants displayed reduced seed germination, growth rate, stamen number, genetic transmission through the male gamete, and hormone-induced cell division, which can be explained partially by a constitutive downregulation of the key cell cycle gene CDKA;1. rpn10-1 also was more sensitive to abscisic acid (ABA), salt, and sucrose stress and to DNA-damaging agents and had decreased sensitivity to cytokinin and auxin. Most of the phenotypes can be explained by a hypersensitivity to ABA, which is reflected at the molecular level by the selective stabilization of the short-lived ABA-signaling protein ABI5. Collectively, these results indicate that RPN10 affects a number of regulatory processes in Arabidopsis likely by directing specific proteins to the 26S proteasome for degradation. A particularly important role may be in regulating the responses to signals promulgated by ABA.
The Influence of Through-the-Thickness Binder Yarn Count on Fibre Volume Fraction, Crimp and Damage Tolerance within 3D Woven Carbon Fibre Composites

This paper presents a study into the influence of the Through-The-Thickness (T-T-T) binder yarn count on the fibre volume fraction (Vf), crimp and damage tolerance within 3D woven carbon fibre composites. Three fabrics were woven with varying binder yarn counts; the first had 1x12k binders, the second had 2x6k binders (two individual 6k tows laid on top of one another into the structure to form one tow) and the third had 1x6k binder tows. Dry fabric compress tests conducted on the three 3D woven fabrics showed that a power law can be successful utilised to predict Vf and identify the required pressure to achieve a specific Vf. All three fabrics achieved Vf‘s in the range of 45–47% however the 2x6k binder fabric had higher %CV's compared to the other fabrics. The degree of crimp within the three 3D woven fabrics was shown to be highest within the 1x12k binder fabric followed by the 1x6k binder fabric with the 2x6k binder fabric having the lowest percentage crimp. Compression after Impact (CAI) tests were conducted and showed that impact depth was significantly influenced by impact location on the T-T-T binders with impact depth differences up to 97% observed. It was shown that impact location and depth played no major role in the CAI strength of the composite. CAI strength was observed to be highest within the 2x6 k binder composite followed by the 1x6k binder composite with the 1x12k composite having the lowest CAI values.
Query capabilities of the Karma provenance framework

Provenance metadata in e‐Science captures the derivation history of data products generated from scientific workflows. Provenance forms a glue linking workflow execution with associated data products, and finds use in determining the quality of derived data, tracking resource usage, and for verifying and validating scientific experiments. In this article, we discuss the scope of provenance collected in the Karma provenance framework used in the LEAD Cyberinfrastructure project, distinguishing provenance metadata from generic annotations. We further describe our approaches to querying for different forms of provenance in Karma in the context of queries in the first provenance challenge. We use an incremental, building‐block method to construct provenance queries based on the fundamental querying capabilities provided by the Karma service centered on the provenance data model. This has the advantage of keeping the Karma service generic and simple, and yet supports a wide range of queries. Karma successfully answers all but one challenge query. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Know your enemy: the risk of unauthorized access in smartphones by insiders

Smartphones store large amounts of sensitive data, such as SMS messages, photos, or email. In this paper, we report the results of a study investigating users' concerns about unauthorized data access on their smartphones (22 interviewed and 724 surveyed subjects). We found that users are generally concerned about insiders (e.g., friends) accessing their data on smartphones. Furthermore, we present the first evidence that the insider threat is a real problem impacting smartphone users. In particular, 12% of subjects reported a negative experience with unauthorized access. We also found that younger users are at higher risk of experiencing unauthorized access. Based on our results, we propose a stronger adversarial model that incorporates the insider threat. To better reflect users' concerns and risks, a stronger adversarial model must be considered during the design and evaluation of data protection systems and authentication methods for smartphones.