Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Mineral Nutrition in Alleviation of Drought Stress in Plants

Water, the most important component of life, is rapidly becoming a critically short commodity for humans and crop production. Limited water supply is one of the major abiotic factors that adversely affect agricultural crop production worldwide. Drought stress influences the normal physiology and growth of plants in many ways. It results in an increase of solute concentration outside the roots compared to the internal environment of the root and causes reverse osmosis. As a result, the cell membrane shrinks from the cell wall and may eventually lead to death of the cell. Water stress tends to shrink away from the interface with water-absorbing roots, creating a gap in the soil-plant-air continuum. As the plant continues to lose water via transpiration, water is drawn from root cells resulting in shrinkage of cell membranes and results in decreased integrity of the cell membrane and the living cell may be destroyed. Drought stress inhibits photosynthesis in plants by closing stomata and damaging the chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic apparatus. It disturbs the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defence, causing accumulation of ROS which induces oxidative stress to proteins, membrane lipids and other cellular component. Mineral elements have numerous functions in plants including maintaining charge balance, electron carriers, structural components, enzyme activation, and providing osmoticum for turgor and growth . In this paper, an overview of some macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium), micronutrients (Zinc, Boron, Copper) and silicon has been discussed in detail as how these nutrients play their role in decreasing the adverse effects of drought in crop plant.
Immune activation by nucleic acids: A role in pregnancy complications

Cell‐free self‐DNA or RNA may induce an immune response by activating specific sensing receptors. During pregnancy, placental nucleic acids present in the maternal circulation further activate these receptors due to the presence of unmethylated CpG islands. A higher concentration of cell‐free foetal DNA is associated with pregnancy complications and a higher risk for foetal rejection. Cell‐free foetal DNA originates from placental trophoblasts. It appears in different forms: free, bound to histones in nucleosomes, in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and in extracellular vesicles (EVs). In several pregnancy complications, cell‐free foetal DNA triggers the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and this production results in a cellular and humoral immune response. This review discusses preeclampsia, systemic lupus erythematosus, foetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and obesity in pregnancy from an immunological point of view and closely examines the different pathways that result in maternal inflammation. Understanding the role of cell‐free nucleic acids, as well as the biogenesis of NETs and EVs, will help us to specify their functions or targets, which seem to be important in pregnancy complications. It is still not clear whether higher concentrations of cell‐free nucleic acids in the maternal circulation are the cause or consequence of various complications. Therefore, further clinical studies and, even more importantly, animal experiments that focus on the involved immunological pathways are needed.
Spectral stability under removal of small capacity sets and applications to Aharonov–Bohm operators

We first establish a sharp relation between the order of vanishing of a Dirichlet eigenfunction at a point and the leading term of the asymptotic expansion of the Dirichlet eigenvalue variation, as a removed compact set concentrates at that point. Then we apply this spectral stability result to the study of the asymptotic behaviour of eigenvalues of Aharonov-Bohm operators with two colliding poles moving on an axis of symmetry of the domain.
Ten-year clinical outcomes of first-generation drug-eluting stents: the Sirolimus-Eluting vs. Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization (SIRTAX) VERY LATE trial.

AIMS Compared with bare metal stents, first-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) are associated with an increased risk of late restenosis and stent thrombosis (ST). Whether this risk continues or attenuates during long-term follow-up remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We extended the follow-up of 1012 patients [sirolimus-eluting stent (SES): N = 503 and paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES): N = 509] included in the all-comers, randomized Sirolimus-Eluting vs. Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization (SIRTAX) trial to 10 years. Follow-up was complete in 895 patients (88.4%) at 10 years. At 1, 5, and 10 years of follow-up, rates of ischaemia-driven target lesion revascularization (ID-TLR) were 8.1%, 14.6% and 17.7%, respectively, and rates of ST were 1.9%, 4.5% and 5.6%, respectively. The annual risks of ID-TLR and definite ST were significantly higher between 1 and 5 years as compared with the 5- to 10-year period [ID-TLR: 1.8% vs. 0.7%/year, hazard ratio (HR) 0.36, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 0.21-0.62, P < 0.001; definite ST: 0.67% vs. 0.23%/year, HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.13-0.75, P = 0.01]. The attenuation of the risk of ID-TLR and ST beyond 5 years was independent of age. Major adverse events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and ID-TLR) occurred in 33.7% of SES- and 33.8% of PES-treated patients (P = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS During long-term follow-up through 10 years, the annual risks of ID-TLR and definite ST significantly decreased beyond 5 years after first-generation DES implantation. These findings may have important implications for secondary prevention after percutaneous coronary intervention with first-generation DES including long-term antiplatelet therapy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00297661.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF MALVA SYLVESTRIS L.

The leaves and petioles of Malva sylvestris L. were analyzed for their proximate composition, fatty acid composition, mineral content, total flavonoids and mucilage. The antioxidant capacities of samples were estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu (FC), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) radical scavenging assays. The anti-nutritive compounds, tannin and nitrate were also quantified. The results showed that linolenic, linoleic, palmitic and oleic acids were measured more than 82% of total fatty acids in leaves and petioles. GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract revealed that 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol was the major compound in the extract. Analysis of variance was showed that genotype and plant part were important sources of variability in the measured properties. Finally, antioxidant capacities of the Malva sylvestris L. were compared with spinach.
Supplemental information : Mermin-Wagner fluctuations in 2 D amorphous solids

In a recent comment, M. Kosterlitz described how the discrepancy about the lack of broken translational symmetry in two dimensions doubting the existence of 2D crystals and the first computer simulations foretelling 2D crystals at least in tiny systems, motivated him and D. Thouless to investigate melting and suprafluidity in two dimensions [Jour. of Phys. Cond. Matt. 28, 481001 (2016)]. The lack of broken symmetries proposed by D. Mermin and H. Wagner is caused by long wavelength density fluctuations. Those fluctuations do not only have structural impact but additionally a dynamical one: They cause the Lindemann criterion to fail in 2D and the mean squared displacement not to be limited. Comparing experimental data from 3D and 2D amorphous solids with 2D crystals we disentangle Mermin-Wagner fluctuations from glassy structural relaxations. Furthermore we can demonstrate with computer simulations the logarithmic increase of displacements predicted by Mermin and Wagner: periodicity is not a requirement for Mermin-Wagner fluctuations which conserve the homogeneity of space on long scales.
The Relationship between Psychosocial Factors and Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis

Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disorder in some regions of the world, with over 2.3 million people diagnosed worldwide. Cognitive impairment is one of the earliest symptoms to present in the course of the disease and can cause significant morbidity. We proposed a study to explore the psychosocial predictors of cognitive impairment in MS patients in Saudi Arabia, a previously unexplored patient population. Methods Demographic data, depression scale (PHQ9), symptom burden (PHQ15), anxiety (GAD7), disease duration, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) scores were collected from 195 patients in a neurology clinic in Ryiadh, Saudi Arabia. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify variables that are significantly associated with cognitive impairment. Results Variables that were identified to be significantly associated with cognition, p < 0.05, were education level, disease duration, and family history. Discussion Both education level and disease duration were variables identified in previous studies. We showed family history to be a significant variable, and no association was found with depression or anxiety, which is unique to our study population. Conclusions We identified several psychosocial predictors that are associated with cognition in our patient population. It was also noted that a difference exists between patient populations, highlighting the need for further studies in specific geographical regions.
Response to Long-Term NaHCO3-Derived Alkalinity in Model Lotus japonicus Ecotypes Gifu B-129 and Miyakojima MG-20: Transcriptomic Profiling and Physiological Characterization

The current knowledge regarding transcriptomic changes induced by alkalinity on plants is scarce and limited to studies where plants were subjected to the alkaline salt for periods not longer than 48 h, so there is no information available regarding the regulation of genes involved in the generation of a new homeostatic cellular condition after long-term alkaline stress. Lotus japonicus is a model legume broadly used to study many important physiological processes including biotic interactions and biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, we characterized phenotipically the response to alkaline stress of the most widely used L. japonicus ecotypes, Gifu B-129 and MG-20, and analyzed global transcriptome of plants subjected to 10 mM NaHCO3 during 21 days, by using the Affymetrix Lotus japonicus GeneChip®. Plant growth assessment, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll a fluorescence transient (OJIP) analysis and metal accumulation supported the notion that MG-20 plants displayed a higher tolerance level to alkaline stress than Gifu B-129. Overall, 407 and 459 probe sets were regulated in MG-20 and Gifu B-129, respectively. The number of probe sets differentially expressed in roots was higher than that of shoots, regardless the ecotype. Gifu B-129 and MG-20 also differed in their regulation of genes that could play important roles in the generation of a new Fe/Zn homeostatic cellular condition, synthesis of plant compounds involved in stress response, protein-degradation, damage repair and root senescence, as well as in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and TCA. In addition, there were differences between both ecotypes in the expression patterns of putative transcription factors that could determine distinct arrangements of flavonoid and isoflavonoid compounds. Our results provided a set of selected, differentially expressed genes deserving further investigation and suggested that the L. japonicus ecotypes could constitute a useful model to search for common and distinct tolerance mechanisms to long-term alkaline stress response in plants.
Comparing Active and Passive Distraction-Based Music Therapy Interventions on Preoperative Anxiety in Pediatric Patients and Their Caregivers

Background Young children who experience high levels of preoperative anxiety often exhibit distress behaviors, experience more surgical complications, and are at a higher risk for developing a variety of negative postoperative consequences. A significant factor in pediatric preoperative anxiety is the level of anxiety present in their caregivers. Active and passive music therapy interventions addressing anxiety prior to invasive procedures have been met with success. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative effectiveness of two distraction-based music therapy interventions on reducing preoperative anxiety in young pediatric surgical patients and their caregivers. Methods A total of 40 pediatric patient and caregiver dyads undergoing ambulatory surgery were included in this study. Pediatric preoperative anxiety was measured pre- and post-intervention using the modified Yale Pediatric Anxiety Scale, while caregiver anxiety was measured through self-report using the short-form Strait-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y6. Participants were randomized to either an active or passive intervention group for a preoperative music therapy session. Results Results indicated a significant reduction in preoperative anxiety for both patients and their caregivers regardless of intervention type. Neither active nor passive music therapy interventions were significantly more effective than the other. Conclusions For future studies, the researchers recommend an increased sample size, controlling for various factors such as sedative premedication use, and testing interventions with patients in various stages of development.
Effect of Stacking Sequence and Lay-Up Angle on Free Edge Stresses Around a Hole in a Laminated Plate Under Tension

One mode of failure in fiber reinforced laminated plates is delamination initiating at a free edge. Experimental results and theoretical stress investi gations found in the literature indicate that the interlaminar normal stress, σ z , is a factor in this mode of failure. In this paper, the stress behavior around a circular hole in a laminated plate is investigated using a three- dimensional finite element stress analysis. First, computed results for the tangential strain distribution around a circular hole for a (0/±45/0) s lamin ate under uniaxial loading are compared with laboratory data to provide a level of confidence in the analysis. Next, attention is focused on the inter laminar normal stress distribution around the free edge of the circular hole and the effects of changes in stacking sequence and lay-up angle. Initially, laminates with stacking sequences of (0/90) s are analyzed. Graphite/epoxy laminates of the type (02/±θ/∓θ) S , (±θ/∓θ/0 2) S , (902/±θ/∓θ) 2 , and (±θ/∓θ/902) S where θ is 30° , 45°, and 60° are also considered. Each lamin ate is subjected to a uniaxial stress loading distant to a hole.
Broker Fixed: The Racialized Social Structure and the Subjugation of Indigenous Populations in the Andes

Responding to calls to return racial analysis to indigenous Latin America, this article moves beyond the prejudicial attitudes of dominant groups to specify how native subordination gets perpetuated as a normal outcome of the organization of society. I argue that a naturalized system of indirect rule racially subordinates native populations through creating the position of mestizo ‘authoritarian intermediary’. Natives must depend on these cultural brokers for their personhood, while maintaining this privileged position requires facilitating indigenous exploitation. Institutional structures combine with cultural practices to generate a vicious cycle in which increased village intermediary success increases native marginalization. This racialized social structure explains my ethnographic findings that indigenous villagers continued to support the same coterie of mestizos despite their regular and sometimes extreme acts of peculation. My findings about the primacy of race suggest new directions for research into indigenous studies, ethnic mobilizations, and the global dimensions of racial domination.
Hand dermatitis among nurses at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Background: Hand dermatitis is a frequently reported problem among health nurses and other health care professionals worldwide. There is paucity of data regarding this problem in our area. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hand dermatitis among nursing staff in a University hospital, the factors associated with it and its impact. Methods: Self-administered questionnaire was distributed to nurses in different departments of a University Hospital in Jeddah. Results: Out of 181 nurses who completed the questionnaire, 14 (7.73%) nurses reported having symptoms of hand dermatitis. Nurses who reported hand dermatitis were more likely to have past history of eczema, allergic rhinitis and other allergies. Generally there were no considerable effect of hand dermatitis on daily activity, finance and psychological burden. Conclusions: Hand dermatitis among nurses represents a problem. Despite the fact that the frequency of hand dermatitis was not as high as the frequencies reported in some previous studies, it is still considered an issue that needs addressing and solving. Incidence of hand dermatitis among nurses might need to be confirmed clinically and compared to the general population in our area in future studies.
Psychosocial and Leadership Identities Among Leaders of Identity-Based Campus Organizations

In this article, we describe a qualitative study of identities of 18 college students leading identity-based campus organizations at 1 large public institution. Identity-based organizations are those registered student groups whose mission includes serving the educational, cultural, social, or other needs and interests of students from a given psychosocial identity (e.g., race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation). We observed 2 paths that students followed through their leadership experience: (1) A “parallel” path in which students experienced their psychosocial identity and their leadership identity separately, and (2) a “merged” path in which students merged these identities into a sense of being, for example, a “gay leader” or a “Latina activist. ” Based on our findings that student leaders in identity-based organizations experience both psychosocial identities and leadership identities as salient—whether parallel or merged—we make recommendations for higher education practice, policy, and research.
HPV and HPV Vaccine Education Intervention: Effects on Parents, Healthcare Staff, and School Staff

Background: Increasing knowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine is a potentially important way to increase vaccination rates, yet few education interventions have addressed these topics. We report the results of an education intervention targeting three key groups who have contact with adolescent females. Methods: We conducted HPV education intervention sessions during 2008 and 2009 in Guilford County, North Carolina. Parents (n = 376), healthcare staff (n = 118), and school staff (n = 456) attended the one-time sessions and completed self-administered surveys. Analyses used mixed regression models to examine the intervention's effects on participants' self-rated HPV knowledge, objectively assessed HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge, and beliefs about HPV vaccine. Results: Participants had relatively low levels of objectively assessed HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge prior to the intervention. The education intervention increased self-rated HPV knowledge among all three key groups (all P < 0.001), and objectively assessed knowledge about many aspects of HPV and HPV vaccine among healthcare and school staff members (all P < 0.05). Following the intervention, more than 90% of school staff members believed HPV and HPV vaccine education is worthwhile for school personnel and that middle schools are an appropriate venue for this education. Most parents (97%) and school staff members (85%) indicated they would be supportive of school-based vaccination clinics. Conclusions: Our education intervention greatly increased HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge among groups influential to the HPV vaccination behaviors of adolescent females. Impact: Education interventions represent a simple yet potentially effective strategy for increasing HPV vaccination and garnering stronger support for school-based vaccination clinics. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(11); 2354–61. ©2011 AACR.
Underdiagnosis and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective study

Background Retrospective studies based on clinical data and without spirometric confirmation suggest a poorer prognosis of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The impact of undiagnosed COPD in these patients is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of COPD – previously or newly diagnosed – in patients with IHD treated with PCI. Methods Patients with IHD confirmed by PCI were consecutively included. After PCI they underwent forced spirometry and evaluation for cardiovascular risk factors. All-cause mortality, new cardiovascular events, and their combined endpoint were analyzed. Results A total of 133 patients (78%) male, with a mean (SD) age of 63 (10.12) years were included. Of these, 33 (24.8%) met the spirometric criteria for COPD, of whom 81.8% were undiagnosed. IHD patients with COPD were older, had more coronary vessels affected, and a greater history of previous myocardial infarction. Median follow-up was 934 days (interquartile range [25%–75%]: 546–1,160). COPD patients had greater mortality (P=0.008; hazard ratio [HR]: 8.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.76–44.47) and number of cardiovascular events (P=0.024; HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.04–3.33), even those without a previous diagnosis of COPD (P=0.01; HR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.12–2.83). These differences remained after adjustment for sex, age, number of coronary vessels affected, and previous myocardial infarction (P=0.025; HR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.08–3.1). Conclusion Prevalence and underdiagnosis of COPD in patients with IHD who undergo PCI are both high. These patients have an independent greater mortality and a higher number of cardiovascular events during follow-up.
The Impact of Three Cognitive Training Programs on Driving Cessation Across 10 Years: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose of the Study Driving is important for older adults' health and well-being, yet little research has examined interventions to maintain driving mobility. As fluid cognitive abilities are strongly linked to driving, targeted cognitive training interventions may impact driving mobility longitudinally. This study assessed the effects of three different cognitive training programs (reasoning, speed of processing, and memory) on driving cessation in older adults across 10 years (n = 2,390). Design and Methods Cox regression analyses evaluated the impact of each program relative to a no-contact control group with intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses. The effects of randomization to additional booster sessions were also examined. Subsample analyses repeated these models in participants who were at-risk for driving mobility declines. Results There were no training (n = 2,390) or booster training (n = 1,540) effects on driving cessation with ITT analyses. Individuals at-risk for future mobility declines were 49% (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28, 0.94; n = 336) less likely to cease driving after speed of processing training and 55% (HR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.86; n = 324) less likely to quit driving subsequent to reasoning training. Additional booster sessions for speed of processing training resulted in a 70% reduction of driving cessation (HR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.82; n = 252) in the subsample analyses. There were no significant effects of memory training. Implications Some cognitive interventions transfer to maintained driving among those at-risk for mobility declines due to cognitive impairment. Future research should identify moderators and mediators of training and transfer effects.