Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extremal Subsets of {1, ..., n} Avoiding Solutions to Linear Equations in Three Variables

We refine previous results to provide examples, and in some cases precise classifications, of extremal subsets of $\{1,. ,n\}$ containing no solutions to a wide class of non-invariant, homogeneous linear equations in three variables, i.e.: equations of the form $ax+by=cz$ with $a+b \neq c$.
Reporting Sexual Assault to the Police: Victim Experiences and the Potential for Procedural Justice

Sexual assault is a largely underreported crime (Bachman, 1998). Fear of mistreatment by the legal system – particularly the police – deters many victims from reporting (Campbell, 2008). Victims who report to the police often cite negative experiences (Filipas & Ullman, 2001), which may be harmful to post-assault adjustment (Campbell, 2005) and reduce willingness to provide information during the investigation (Patterson, 2011). The procedural justice perspective suggests that for crime victims in general, satisfaction with police encounters influence views toward the police and outcomes related to the investigation of crimes (Parsons & Bergin, 2010), yet this has not been studied specifically for sexual assault victims. This study used a mixed-methods design of survey and semi-structured interviews of community sexual assault victims to explore the relationship between victims’ experiences with detectives during the investigation, and several outcomes including satisfaction with the detective, cooperation with the investigation, views of the police, future reporting, and recovery. This study also examined victims’ reporting decisions, and demographic differences between victims who reported and victims who did not report. Qualitative results suggest that pre-existing views of the police contribute to victims’ decision to report sexual assault to the police. Results showed that victims considered several factors in the decision to report, victims who expressed concerns of mistreatment and expressed negative views of the police tended to not report the assault. Quantitative findings showed differences in reporting based on gender and sexual identity, but not race or age. Results from regression analyses showed that procedural justice during detective-victim interactions significantly predicts victims’ satisfaction with the detective, cooperation with the investigation, positive views of the police, willingness to report future crimes, and recovery. Qualitative results underscored relationships between the quality of detective-victim interactions and the positive outcomes identified in the quantitative results, qualitative findings revealed that some of the outcomes associated with procedural justice are more complex than anticipated when looking specifically at detective interactions with sexual assault victims. Implications for practice and directions for future research in light of these findings are discussed, including recommendations made by interview participants on improving the police response to victims who report.
Non-Invasive Evaluation of Heart Function with Four-Dimensional Echocardiography

Background The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy and feasibility of left ventricular systolic function determined by four-dimensional echocardiography (4DE). Methods Latex balloons were sewn into the left ventricle (LV) of 20 freshly harvested pig hearts which were then passively driven by a pulsatile pump apparatus. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), global area strain (GAS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) derived from 4DEand two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE)-derived LVEF were quantified at different stroke volumes (SV) 30–70 ml and correlated with sonomicrometry data. Results In all comparisons, GLS, GCS, GAS, 2DE-LVEF, and 4DE-LVEF demonstrated strong correlations with sonomicrometry data (r = 0.77, r = 0.89, r = 0.79, r = 0.93, r = 0.96, all P <0.001). Bland-Altman analyses showed slight overestimations of echo-derived GLS, GCS, 2DE-LVEF and 3DE-LVEF over sonomicrometry values (bias = 2.88, bias = 3.99, bias = 3.37, bias = 2.78, respectively). Furthermore, there is better agreement between GCS, 4D LVEF and sonomicrometry values compared with GLS and 2D LVEF. Conclusion Four-dimensional echocardiography accurately assesses LV function. GCS derived by 4DE is a potential alternative parameter to quantify LV systolic function.
Innovating and diffusing Internet commerce through user engagement: an empirical study of massively multiplayer online games

ABSTRACT By embedding marketing tools in systems, this study investigates the effect of user engagement on the innovation and diffusion of online games. The associated marketing tools are related sets of toolkits, which are basic building units that empower users to operate interfaces efficiently, thus making the interfaces user-friendly. The distinct types of engaging toolkits (trial-and-error, solution-space, user-friendly, module library, translation and diffusion) promote online performance by enhancing word-of-mouth (WOM) reputation and versioning speed. A widely used social networking website in Taiwan dedicated to online games, www.gamer. com.tw, is investigated in this study. The results indicate that WOM reputation is higher for online games that have engaged players by providing more module-library, translation and diffusion marketing toolkits compared to those with fewer toolkits. Moreover, versioning speed was higher for online games embedded with more trial-and-error, solution-space, user-friendly and translation toolkits compared to those with fewer toolkits. These results reveal the unequal efficacy of embedded marketing tools for user engagement in the online context and have implications for research and practice related to online product development and Internet service marketing strategies. These results can be referenced in strategies for creating interfaces that facilitate user-generated creativeness, innovations and communications.
Aurora B but Not Rho/MLCK Signaling Is Required for Localization of Diphosphorylated Myosin II Regulatory Light Chain to the Midzone in Cytokinesis

Non-muscle myosin II is stimulated by monophosphorylation of its regulatory light chain (MRLC) at Ser19 (1P-MRLC). MRLC diphosphorylation at Thr18/Ser19 (2P-MRLC) further enhances the ATPase activity of myosin II. Phosphorylated MRLCs localize to the contractile ring and regulate cytokinesis as subunits of activated myosin II. Recently, we reported that 2P-MRLC, but not 1P-MRLC, localizes to the midzone independently of myosin II heavy chain during cytokinesis in cultured mammalian cells. However, the mechanism underlying the distinct localization of 1P- and 2P-MRLC during cytokinesis is unknown. Here, we showed that depletion of the Rho signaling proteins MKLP1, MgcRacGAP, or ECT2 inhibited the localization of 1P-MRLC to the contractile ring but not the localization of 2P-MRLC to the midzone. In contrast, depleting or inhibiting a midzone-localizing kinase, Aurora B, perturbed the localization of 2P-MRLC to the midzone but not the localization of 1P-MRLC to the contractile ring. We did not observe any change in the localization of phosphorylated MRLC in myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK)-inhibited cells. Furrow regression was observed in Aurora B- and 2P-MRLC-inhibited cells but not in 1P-MRLC-perturbed dividing cells. Furthermore, Aurora B bound to 2P-MRLC in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that Aurora B, but not Rho/MLCK signaling, is essential for the localization of 2P-MRLC to the midzone in dividing HeLa cells.
The Minnesota robotic visual tracker: a flexible testbed for vision-guided robotic research

Most early research in robotic visual tracking, especially prior to 1990, separated the vision processing and robot control aspects of the system. Attempts to solve the problem close the control loop by incorporating the output of the vision processing as an input to the control subsystem. The controlled active vision framework describes one such approach wherein dynamic target, camera, and environmental factors are incorporated via adaptive controllers that utilize the sum-of-squared differences (SSD) optical flow measurements as an input to the control loop. This paper describes work at the University of Minnesota's Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Vision Laboratory in developing the Minnesota Robotic Visual Tracker (MRVT), a controlled active vision robotic testbed. In addition, enhancements to the basic SSD algorithm are presented that produce order-of-magnitude improvements over previously reported results. <<ETX>>
Cerebral Blood Flow Measurement in Cerebrovascular Occlusive Diseases

In order to evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF) patterns among individual patients with increased statistical confidence, CBF measurements were carried out using thel3JXe-inhalation method and external head detectors. F( values representing gray matter flow from 3 to 6 head detectors were averaged to form 16 different regions for each cerebral hemisphere. Normative values were obtained from 46 healthy volunteers, and data from individual regions were analyzed for absolute blood flow rates (ml/ lOOg/min), for concordance between right and left hemispheres and as percent of mean hemispheric flow. CBF measurements were then carried out among 37 patients with cerebrovascular occlusive diseases, and results were compared with normative values. A high incidence of abnormal flows were detected among symptomatic patients with intracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion and those with extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion. By using the above method for data analysis, it was possible to delineate hypoper-fused areas among these patients. Even though theU3Xe-inhalation method has inherent limitations, this is a practical and safe method for measurement of CBF which can provide reliable information useful for management of patients with cerebrovascular occlusive diseases, particularly when the results are present-ed with statistical confidence. Stroke Vol 15, No 5, 1984
A Metaheuristic Scheduler for Time Division Multiplexed Networks-on-Chip

This paper presents a metaheuristic scheduler for inter-processor communication in multi-processor platforms using time division multiplexed (TDM) networks on chip (NOC). Compared to previous works, the scheduler handles a broader and more general class of platforms. Another contribution, which has significant practical implications, is the minimization of the TDM schedule period by over-provisioning bandwidth to connections with the smallest bandwidth requirements. Our results show that this is possible with only negligible impact on the schedule period. We evaluate the scheduler with seven different applications from the MCSL NOC benchmark suite. In the special case of all-to-all communication with equal bandwidths on all communication channels, we obtain schedules with a shorter period than reported in previous work.
Determinants of Entrepreneurship Motivation for Students at Educational Institution and Education Personnel in Indonesia

The main problem of entrepreneurship education in Indonesia is that most young generation thinks that they continue to pursue an education in universities, including in Educational Institutions Teaching Personnel (LPTKs), that they aspire to become civil servants / civilian government officials, not to become entrepreneurs. Furthermore, it is argued that entrepreneurial learning in universities not be able to change the mind-set of college graduates from job seekers to job inventors. Therefore, this study assumes that the factors that cause alumni of educational institutions to engage in entrepreneurial activities are because of the strong desire or motivation for entrepreneurs who have been instilled or "formed" since those who are students or when pursuing learning at college, including at the State University of Makassar (Universitas Negeri Makassar/UNM). This study aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurship learning on student entrepreneurship motivation at UNM. This research is Explanatory Research with Survey approach. Number of the student population as many as 654 students of UNM who proposed Student Creativity Program (PKM), with 242 samples obtained by proportional random sampling technique. Data collection techniques used observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The results of the study found that there is a significant positive effect of the entrepreneurial pursuit of student entrepreneur motivation of UNM. Based on the focus and locus of this study it is clear that UNM's vision of "education and entrepreneurship" has "colored" the preparation of mission, objectives, policies and curriculum content in each study program. Similarly, its output and impact (effects), both the instructional effect and the nurturent effect can foster attitudes and entrepreneurial motivation for students. Thus, the results of this study are expected to contribute to the formation of creative, innovative and educated young entrepreneurs in the future.
The origin of thalamic inputs to the arcuate premotor and supplementary motor areas

We have used retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase to examine the origin of thalamic input to the two premotor areas with the densest projections to the motor cortex: the arcuate premotor area (APA) and the supplementary motor area (SMA). Retrograde transport demonstrated that the two premotor areas and the motor cortex each receive thalamic input from separate, cytoarchitectonically well defined subdivisions of the ventrolateral thalamus. According to the nomenclature of Olszewski (Olszewski, J. (1952) The Thalamus of the Macaca mulatta. An Atlas for Use with the Stereotaxic Instrument, S. Karger, AG, Basel), input to the APA originates largely from area X, input to the SMA originates largely from the pars oralis subdivision of nucleus ventralis lateralis (VLo), and that to the motor cortex originates largely from the pars oralis subdivision of nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis (VPLo). These observations, when combined with prior studies on the termination of various subcortical efferents in the thalamus, lead to the following scheme of connections: (1) rostral portions of the deep cerebellar nuclei project to the motor cortex via VPLo; (2) caudal portions of the deep cerebellar nuclei project to the APA via area X; and (3) the globus pallidus projects to the SMA via VLo. Thus, each thalamocortical pathway is associated with a distinct subcortical input.
Social judgments based on a series of encounters in healthy and schizophrenia participants.

Many studies of social perception and judgment have required individuals to make evaluations of social parameters (such as trustworthiness) based on static presentations of social stimuli (faces). In the current study, we assessed whether individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls differed on their judgments of others based on a series of encounters, which more closely simulated the development of impressions of others based on multiple interactions over time. Twenty-eight healthy controls and 29 individuals with schizophrenia completed 25 gambling interactions with three different partners -- one who reciprocated about equally (neutral), one who gave the subject more money (positive), and one who kept more money for themselves (negative). After interacting with each partner, subjects indicated how much they liked, trusted, and would like to play again with each partner; these judgments were combined to create a social evaluation variable. Analyses found that both healthy controls and individuals with schizophrenia rated the positive partner most positively, the negative partner most negatively, and the neutral partner between these levels. Additionally, while individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls did not differ in their ratings of gambling partners, individuals with schizophrenia had a different gambling strategy compared to healthy controls; the amount gambled with each partner did not differ for individuals with schizophrenia, whereas healthy controls gambled the most with the positive partner, gambled less with the neutral partner, and the least with the negative partner. These results suggest that individuals with schizophrenia did not adjust their behavior with the different gambling partners despite evaluating the partners similarly to the healthy controls. The results of this study are discussed within the context of social judgment and decision making.
VERY COLD DUST IN GALAXIES

We present multi–filter far infrared photometry of active and inactive galaxies obtained with ISOPHOT. We find that the far infrared and submillimeter spectrum of the active galaxies can be described by a single modified black–body at a color temperature of 31.5 ± 2.8K. The ratio of infrared luminosity to gas mass, LIR/Mgas, where the latter quantity has been obtained from 1.3 mm observations within the central 11′′ is about 90L / M . In contrast, the spectral energy distributions of inactive spirals require, apart from warm dust of 31.8 ± 2.8K, an additional very cold component of at most 12.9± 1.7K. Determining the gas mass from 1.3 mm dust continuum maps that cover the optical extent of the inactive spirals we find LIR/Mgas ∼ 3L / M , a factor ∼ 30 lower than for the active galaxies.
An Architecture for IEEE 802.16 MAC Scheduler Design

The scheduling algorithm for IEEE 802.16 broadband wireless access system has been left open in the standard. In this paper, we consider three criteria that we have identified as important criteria for an 802.16 scheduler: Service Type differentiation, dynamic sub-frame partition and Subscriber Station differentiation. We investigate the scheduler design from a general perspective, based on these three criteria.
Relative mortality in U.S. Medicare beneficiaries with Parkinson disease and hip and pelvic fractures.

BACKGROUND Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects gait and postural stability, resulting in an increased risk of falling. The purpose of this study was to estimate mortality associated with demographic factors after hip or pelvic (hip/pelvic) fracture in people with Parkinson disease. A secondary goal was to compare the mortality associated with Parkinson disease to that associated with other common medical conditions in patients with hip/pelvic fracture. METHODS This was a retrospective observational cohort study of 1,980,401 elderly Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with hip/pelvic fracture from 2000 to 2005 who were identified with use of the Beneficiary Annual Summary File. The race/ethnicity distribution of the sample was white (93.2%), black (3.8%), Hispanic (1.2%), and Asian (0.6%). Individuals with Parkinson disease (131,215) were identified with use of outpatient and carrier claims. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of death associated with demographic and clinical variables and to compare mortality after hip/pelvic fracture between patients with Parkinson disease and those with other medical conditions associated with high mortality after hip/pelvic fracture, after adjustment for race/ethnicity, sex, age, and modified Charlson comorbidity score. RESULTS Among those with Parkinson disease, women had lower mortality after hip/pelvic fracture than men (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]) = 0.62 to 0.64), after adjustment for covariates. Compared with whites, blacks had a higher (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.16) and Hispanics had a lower (HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81 to 0.95) mortality, after adjustment for covariates. Overall, the adjusted mortality rate after hip/pelvic fracture in individuals with Parkinson disease (HR = 2.41, 95% CI = 2.37 to 2.46) was substantially elevated compared with those without the disease, a finding similar to the increased mortality associated with a diagnosis of dementia (HR = 2.73, 95% CI = 2.68 to 2.79), kidney disease (HR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.60 to 2.72), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR = 2.48, 95% CI = 2.43 to 2.53). CONCLUSIONS Mortality after hip/pelvic fracture in Parkinson disease varies according to demographic factors. Mortality after hip/pelvic fracture is substantially increased among those with Parkinson disease.
Study on the Characteristics of Gas Molecular Mean Free Path in Nanopores by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

This paper presents studies on the characteristics of gas molecular mean free path in nanopores by molecular dynamics simulation. Our study results indicate that the mean free path of all molecules in nanopores depend on both the radius of the nanopore and the gas-solid interaction strength. Besides mean free path of all molecules in the nanopore, this paper highlights the gas molecular mean free path at different positions of the nanopore and the anisotropy of the gas molecular mean free path at nanopores. The molecular mean free path varies with the molecule’s distance from the center of the nanopore. The least value of the mean free path occurs at the wall surface of the nanopore. The present paper found that the gas molecular mean free path is anisotropic when gas is confined in nanopores. The radial gas molecular mean free path is much smaller than the mean free path including all molecular collisions occuring in three directions. Our study results also indicate that when gas is confined in nanopores the gas molecule number density does not affect the gas molecular mean free path in the same way as it does for the gas in unbounded space. These study results may bring new insights into understanding the gas flow’s characteristic at nanoscale.
Inhibition of photosynthesis by high temperature in oak (Quercus pubescens L.) leaves grown under natural conditions closely correlates with a reversible heat‐dependent reduction of the activation state of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

Inhibition of the net photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate (Pn) by high temperature was examined in oak (Quercus pubescens L.) leaves grown under natural conditions. Combined measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence were employed to differentiate between inhibition originating from heat effects on components of the thylakoid membranes and that resulting from effects on photosynthetic carbon metabolism. Regardless of whether temperature was increased rapidly or gradually, Pn decreased with increasing leaf temperature and was more than 90% reduced at 45 °C as compared to 25 °C. Inhibition of Pn by heat stress did not result from reduced stomatal conductance (gs), as heat-induced reduction of gs was accompanied by an increase of the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). Chl a fluorescence measurements revealed that between 25 and 45 °C heat-dependent alterations of thylakoid-associated processes contributed only marginally, if at all, to the inhibition of Pn by heat stress, with photosystem II being remarkably well protected against thermal inactivation. The activation state of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) decreased from about 90% at 25 °C to less than 30% at 45 °C. Heat stress did not affect Rubisco per se, since full activity could be restored by incubation with CO2 and Mg2+. Western-blot analysis of leaf extracts disclosed the presence of two Rubisco activase polypeptides, but heat stress did not alter the profile of the activase bands. Inhibition of Pn at high leaf temperature could be markedly reduced by artificially increasing Ci. A high Ci also stimulated photosynthetic electron transport and resulted in reduced non-photochemical fluorescence quenching. Recovery experiments showed that heat-dependent inhibition of Pn was largely, if not fully, reversible. The present results demonstrate that in Q. pubescens leaves the thylakoid membranes in general and photosynthetic electron transport in particular were well protected against heat-induced perturbations and that inhibition of Pn by high temperature closely correlated with a reversible heat-dependent reduction of the Rubisco activation state.