Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Genic Basis of Yeast Fitness Variation by Simultaneous Forward and Reverse Genetics

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the best studied eukaryote in molecular and cell biology, but its utility for understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic variation in natural populations is limited by inefficient association mapping due to strong and complex population structure. To overcome this challenge, we generated genome sequences for 85 strains and performed a comprehensive population genomic survey of a total of 190 diverse strains. We identified considerable variation in population structure among chromosomes and identified 181 genes that are absent from the reference genome. Many of these nonreference genes are expressed and we functionally confirmed that two of these genes confer increased resistance to antifungals. Next, we simultaneously measured the growth rates of over 4,500 laboratory strains, each of which lacks a nonessential gene, and 81 natural strains across multiple environments using unique DNA barcode present in each strain. By combining the genome-wide reverse genetic information gained from the gene deletion strains with a genome-wide association analysis from the natural strains, we identified genomic regions associated with fitness variation in natural populations. To experimentally validate a subset of these associations, we used reciprocal hemizygosity tests, finding that while the combined forward and reverse genetic approaches can identify a single causal gene, the phenotypic consequences of natural genetic variation often follow a complicated pattern. The resources and approach provided outline an efficient and reliable route to association mapping in yeast and significantly enhance its value as a model for understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation and evolution in natural populations.
The Existence of a Second Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Specifies Subpopulations of Glutamatergic Neurons

Before their exocytotic release during stimulation of nerve terminals, nonpeptide neurotransmitters are loaded into synaptic vesicles by specific transporters. Recently, a protein initially identified as brain-specific Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate transporter I (BNPI) has been shown to represent a vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT1). In this study, we investigated whether a highly homologous "differentiation-associated Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate transporter" (DNPI) is involved in glutamatergic transmission. Vesicles isolated from BON cells expressing recombinant DNPI accumulated l-glutamate with bioenergetical and pharmacological characteristics identical to those displayed by VGLUT1 and by brain synaptic vesicles. Moreover, DNPI localized to synaptic vesicles, at synapses exhibiting classical excitatory features. DNPI thus represents a novel vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT2). The distributions of each VGLUT transcript in brain were highly complementary, with only a partial regional and cellular overlap. At the protein level, we could only detect either VGLUT1- or VGLUT2-expressing presynaptic boutons. The existence of two VGLUTs thus defines distinct subsets of glutamatergic neurons.
Are populist parties fostering women’s political representation in Poland? A comment on Kostadinova and Mikulska

In a recent contribution to Party Politics, Kostadinova and Mikulska analyze women’s political representation by populist parties in Poland and Bulgaria. The presented findings for Poland suggest that the main right-wing populist party PiS (1) elected more women to parliament, (2) nominated more women to promising ballot positions, and (3) that voters of PiS were more likely to support women in the elections compared to leftists parties. We disagree with all three findings. While the first finding is due to an error in the descriptive statistics, we argue that the other two findings are the result of an inappropriate research design. We replicate the analysis based on an altered research design and show that PiS did not elect more women to parliament, did not nominate more women to promising ballot positions and that voters of PiS were not more likely to vote for female candidates.
Image correction for atomic force microscopy images with functionalized tips

It has been demonstrated that atomic force microscopy imaging with CO-functionalized tips provides unprecedented resolution, yet it is subject to strong image distortions. Here we propose a method to correct for these distortions. The lateral force acting on the tip apex is calculated from three-dimensional maps of the frequency shift signal. Assuming a linear relationship between lateral distortion and force, atomic force microscopy images could be deskewed for different substrate systems.
Scattering-parameter models and representations for microwave mixers

We present straightforward models and representations for RF and image mixers, and develop simple rules for transforming electrical problems involving mixers and signals at several frequencies into equivalent single-frequency problems. We show how those models, representations, and rules can be applied to mixer characterization with vector network analyzers, and how they relate to more general descriptions based on scattering parameters currently in use.
Effect of 5-Aminosalicylate Use on Colorectal Cancer and Dysplasia Risk: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Observational Studies

OBJECTIVES:We performed a systematic review with metaanalysis of observational studies evaluating the association between 5-ASA use and colorectal cancer (CRC) or dysplasia among patients with ulcerative colitis.METHODS:We conducted a search of Medline Embase Biosis, Web of Science, Cochrane Collaboration, manually reviewed the literature, and consulted with experts. Studies were included if they 1) evaluated and clearly defined exposure to 5-aminosalicylates in patients with ulcerative colitis, 2) reported CRC or dysplasia outcomes, 3) reported relative risks or odds ratio or provided data for their calculations. Quantitative analysis using a random-effects model is presented.RESULTS:Nine studies (3 cohort, 6 case–control) containing 334 cases of CRC, 140 cases of dysplasia, and a total of 1,932 subjects satisfied all inclusion criteria. Five studies reported CRC outcomes alone, two studies reported separate cancer and dysplasia outcomes, and two studies reported a combined outcome of CRC or dysplasia. All primary estimates are homogenous. Pooled analysis showed a protective association between use of 5-aminosalicylates and CRC (OR = 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37–0.69) or a combined endpoint of CRC/dysplasia (OR 0.51; 95% CI: 0.38–0.69). 5-ASA use was not associated with a lower risk of dysplasia, although only two studies evaluated this outcome (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.41–3.43). CONCLUSION:Pooled results of observational studies support a protective association between 5-aminosalicylates and CRC or a combined endpoint of CRC/dysplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis. Additional studies analyzing the effect of 5-ASA on risk of dysplasia are needed.
Dynamic cardiomyoplasty in patients.

Dynamic cardiomyoplasty has been used to correct cardiac defects, augment contraction of weakened myocardium, and support circulation of end-stage heart disease patients by using their own skeletal muscle after electric conditioning. Five patients, each with a history of myocardial infarction and diffused coronary artery disease, underwent the application of the left latissimus dorsi muscle over the anterolateral wall or around the ventricles. In all patients the left latissimus dorsi muscle was dissected free from all insertions with careful preservation of the thoracodorsal nerve and vessels. The freed muscle flap was internalized into the thoracic cavity with the humeral tendinous end of the muscle sutured to the periosteum of the second or third rib after subperiosteum resection of a portion of the rib. The muscle flap was used in three of the five patients for ventricular wall repair after aneurysmectomy. In the other two patients the muscle was applied over the ventricles for functional augmentation. The skeletal muscle was electrically conditioned to contain mainly fatigue-resistant muscle fibers and was stimulated to contract synchronously with the heart. All patients survived the operation, with immediate improvement of ventricular function for those who had had aneurysmectomy. A significant increase in ejection fraction was observed in three of the five patients when the pacemaker was turned on. One patient died of sudden ventricular arrhythmia 2 months after the operation. The last patient is doing well at 6 weeks after operation. The first patient has been followed up for more than 3 years and continues to do well. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Contrails of Small and Very Large Optical Depth

This work deals with two kinds of contrails. The first comprises a large number of optically thin contrails near the tropopause. They are mapped geographically using a lidar to obtain their height and a camera to obtain azimuth and elevation. These high-resolution maps provide the local contrail geometry and the amount of optically clear atmosphere. The second kind is a single trail of unprecedentedly large optical thicknessthatoccurs atalowerheight.Thelatterwasobservedfortuitouslywhenanaircraftmovingalongthe wind direction passed over the lidar, thus providing measurements for more than 3 h and an equivalent distance of 620 km. It was also observed by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) sensors. The lidar measured an optical depth of 2.3. The corresponding extinction coefficient of 0.023 km 21 and ice water content of 0.063 g m 23 are close to the maximum values found for midlatitude cirrus. The associated large radar reflectivity compares to that measured by ultrasensitive radar, thus providing support for the reality of the large optical depth.
Progress and Problems in Large-Scale Atmospheric Dynamics

is published by Princeton University Press and copyrighted, © 2007, by Princeton University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher, except for reading and browsing via the World Wide Web. Users are not permitted to mount this file on any network servers.
Treatment of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tibial Avulsion Fractures Through a Modified Open Posterior Approach: Operative Technique and 12- to 48-Month Outcomes

Objectives: To report clinical and functional outcomes following fixation of tibial posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures through a modified open posterior approach when combined with a rehabilitation program emphasizing early range of motion. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Level I trauma center. Patients: From March 4, 2000 to May 8, 2003, there were 16 cases of PCL tibial avulsion injuries presented to our institution, with 10 patients available for follow up at 12 to 48 months (mean 28 months). Intervention: Fixation of tibial PCL avulsion fractures was with a lag screw and washer placed through a modified open posterior approach. Range of motion was begun on postoperative day 1. Main Outcome Measurements: Clinical stability, range of motion, gastrocnemius muscle strength, radiographic appearance, and each patient's overall health-related quality of life (using the musculoskeletal functional assessment tool) were evaluated at final follow up. Results: The average musculoskeletal functional assessment score was 14. (Musculoskeletal functional assessment scores range from 0-100, with higher scores indicating poorer function.) All patients achieved union of their fracture and had clinically stable knees at the latest follow-up. Flexion difference greater than 10 degrees (P = 0.16), extension difference greater than 2 degrees (P = 0.38), and heel raise difference more than 8 repetitions (P = 0.23) were not demonstrated in comparison to the normal side. Conclusions: Treatment of tibial PCL avulsion fractures, which includes fixation through a modified open posterior approach and early postoperative range of motion, results in healing of the fracture, good functional outcomes, stability to posterior draw testing, and does not lead to gastrocnemius weakness or significant range of motion deficits at 12 to 48 months postoperatively.
Domain a′ of Bombyx mori Protein Disulfide Isomerase Has Chaperone Activity

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized multifunctional enzyme that can function as a disulfide oxidase, a reductase, an isomerase, and a chaperone. The domain organization of PDI is abb′xa′c, with two catalytic (CxxC) motifs and a KDEL ER retention motif. The members of the PDI family exhibit differences in tissue distribution, specificity, and intracellular localization. We previously identified and characterized the PDI of Bombyx mori (bPDI) as a thioredoxin-like protein that shares primary sequence homology with other PDIs. Here we compare the reactivation of inactivated rRNase and sRNase by bPDI and three bPDI mutants, and show that bPDI has mammalian PDI-like activity. On its own, the N-terminal a domain does not retain this activity, but the a′ domain does. This is the first report of chaperone activity only in the a′ domain, but not in the a domain.
Suicide Attempts 1970—75: Updating a United States Study and Comparisons with International Trends

This paper brings up to date a 1970 study of suicide attempters coming to a major emergency room in an United States urban community and reviews international trends in suicide attempts. Results of the study and the review of the international literature indicate that the high rates of suicide attempts that were observed in 1970 are continuing into 1975. The incidence of suicide attempts continues to be a public health problem primarily among young women. Pill ingestion, usually barbiturates and psychotropic drugs, continues to be the most common method used.
The Impact of the Components of the Locus of Control in Internet Addiction, Case of Albania

Aim. This study aim to give an overview about the phenomenon of internet addiction in adolescents in Albania and also to study the impact of the components of the locus of control in internet addiction. Methods. The sample of the study consisted of 1156 adolescents, aged 15-18, in the city of Tirana. The data was collected through the application of the Internet Addiction Scale, Kimberly Young, which was composed of 20 items, and The Levenson locus of Control Scale, which is composed by 24 items. The obtained data are analyzed with SPSS software. Results. This study show us that a large number of adolescents in Albania have a high risk to develop internet addiction in the nearest future and adolescents with internal locus of control have 35% less probability to develop internet addition than those with external locus of control (powerful others, chance).
Heterogeneity of Glutamine Synthetase Polypeptides in Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Glutamine synthetases from roots, nodules, and leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. have been purified to homogeneity and their polypeptide composition determined.The leaf enzyme is composed of six polypeptides. The cytosolic fraction contains two 43,000 dalton polypeptides and the chloroplastic enzyme is formed by four 45,000 dalton polypeptides. Root glutamine synthetase consists only of the same two polypeptides of 43,000 dalton that are present in the leaf enzyme. The nodule enzyme is formed by two polypeptides of 43,000 dalton, one is common to the leaf and root enzyme but the other is specific for N(2)-fixing nodule tissue. The two glutamine synthetase forms of the nodule contain a different proportion of the 43,000 dalton polypeptides.
Studies on habituation to cold pain.

It was possible to produce habituation to cold in a group of human subjects by immersing the left hand in cold water for minutes twice a day for 19 days. The right hand did not adapt. Another group of subjects was exposed similarly with the difference that an anxiety test (mental arithmetic test) was always given simultaneously with the cold-water test. In this second group the original blood pressure response, i.e. for the first day, was greater than in the first group because of the cumulative effects of the two tests. After 19 days definite evidence was obtained for adaptation to these two tests administered together. However, when these tests were given separately to the second group, no adaptation was evident; adaptation occurred only to both tests given simultaneously. These results indicate that no adaptation develops to cold per se if the subjects are distracted from cold discomfort. It was also found that adaptation of one hand to cold water not only failed to induce adaptation in the opposite ha.
Alignment of multiple chromosomes along helical ParA scaffolding in sporulating Streptomyces hyphae

The dynamic, mitosis‐like segregation of bacterial chromosomes and plasmids often involves proteins of the ParA (ATPase) and ParB (DNA‐binding protein) families. The conversion of multigenomic aerial hyphae of the mycelial organism Streptomyces coelicolor into chains of unigenomic spores requires the synchronous segregation of multiple chromosomes, providing an unusual context for chromosome segregation. Correct spatial organization of the oriC‐proximal region prior to septum formation is achieved by the assembly of ParB into segregation complexes (Jakimowicz et al., 2005; J Bacteriol 187: 3572–3580). Here, we focus on the contribution of ParA to sporulation‐associated chromosome segregation. Elimination of ParA strongly affects not only chromosome segregation but also septation. In wild type hyphae about to undergo sporulation, immunostained ParA was observed as a stretched double‐helical filament, which accompanies the formation of ParB foci. We show that ParA mediates efficient assembly of ParB complexes in vivo and in vitro, and that ATP binding is crucial for ParA dimerization and interaction with ParB but not for ParA localization in vivo. We suggest that S. coelicolor ParA provides scaffolding for proper distribution of ParB complexes and consequently controls synchronized segregation of several dozens of chromosomes, possibly mediating a segregation and septation checkpoint.
A comparative study of parallel and distributed Java projects for heterogeneous systems

During the last few years, the concepts of cluster computing and heterogeneous networked systems have received increasing interest. The popularity of using Java for developing parallel and distributed applications that run on heterogeneous distributed systems has also grown rapidly. This paper is a survey of the current projects in parallel and distributed Java. These projects' main common objective is to utilize the available heterogeneous systems to provide high performance computing using Java. These projects were studied, compared and classified based on the approaches used. The study shows three major approaches. One is to develop a system that replaces the Java virtual machine (JVM) or utilizes the available parallel infrastructure such as MPI or PVM. Another is to provide seamless parallelization of multi-threaded applications. The third is to provide a pure Java implementation by adding classes and features that support parallel Java programming. In addition, a number of open issues are identified and discussed in this paper.
Chapter 2. Adolescents' Attitudes Toward the Computer

Dans ce second chapitre, l'auteur tente de definir les attitudes des eleves envers l'objet ordinateur et l'informatique en general. L'objectif est ici de determiner l'interet de l'eleve dans son interaction avec l'informatique, les programmes qu'il utilise et les magazines qu'il lit en rapport avec sa pratique de l'informatique.
Effects of cultural values and beliefs on the resolution of ethical dilemmas: a U.S.-Turkey comparison

ii Preface iv Acknowledgements v INTRODUCTION 1 PRIOR LITERATURE 7 THEORY DEVELOPMENT AND HYPOTHESES 12 A Framework of Ethical Dilemmas 12 Economic prosperity versus social justice. 14 Collective welfare versus individual rights. 18 Rights of the privileged versus rights of the disadvantaged. 25 Cross-Cultural and Within Cultural Differences 28 Cultural Values and Beliefs as Determinants of Ethical Preferences 32 Effect of collectivism and inequality justification on the preference for economic prosperity over social justice. 33 Effect of collectivism and inequality justification on the preference for collective welfare over individual rights. 39 Effect of collectivism and inequality justification on the preference for rights of the disadvantaged over those of the privileged. 47 Collectivism and Inequality Justification as Mediators 50 METHOD 54 Design and Pretest of the Ethical Dilemma Scenarios 54 Scenario development. 55 Pretest of the scenarios 56
A dual step transfer model: Sport and non-sport extracurricular activities and the enhancement of academic achievement

This paper explores the influence that school sport and non-sport extracurricular activities (ssEC and nsEC) can have on academic achievement. A central thesis of this paper is that, despite the literature on the perceived and presumed benefits of school sport and of non-sport activities, theorising a model of the process by which the benefit is attained, which we conceptualise as a case of transfer, has been neglected. Cognisant of the long-standing literature on transfer and the recent resurgence in transfer research, we present a dual step transfer hypothesis by which ssEC and nsEC activities confer academic achievement benefits. Key to this dual step transfer hypothesis is the influence these activities have on non-cognitive skills, whereby the activity promotes non-cognitive skills (i.e., motivational-social skills), which in turn promote learning and academic achievement. We present an overview of transfer from the early discussions framing transfer to either mental muscle or identical elements mechanisms, to more recent discussions and new perspectives on what counts as transfer. To this discussion we compare research linking academic achievement to school physical education, school sport and school non-sport activities. We place particular emphasis on extracurricular activities and the potential influence they can have on non-cognitive characteristics. In making our argument we weigh up the relative support for dual step transfer within extant literature on both areas, and in doing so return to take a position on the long-standing and divergent framing of transfer in terms of either mental muscle or identical elements mechanisms.