Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transient Interaction of Hsp90 with Early Unfolding Intermediates of Citrate Synthase

At normal temperatures, Hsp90 is one of the most abundant proteins in the cytosol of various eucaryotic cells. Upon heat shock, the level of Hsp90 is increased even more, suggesting that it is important for helping cells to survive under these conditions. However, studies so far have been almost exclusively concerned with the function of Hsp90 under non-stress conditions, and therefore only little is known about the role of Hsp90 during heat shock. As a model for heat shock in vitro, we have monitored the inactivation and subsequent aggregation of dimeric citrate synthase (CS) at elevated temperatures. Hsp90 effectively “stabilized” CS under conditions where the enzyme is normally inactivated and finally aggregates very rapidly. A kinetic dissection of the unfolding pathway of CS succeeded in revealing two intermediates which form and subsequently undergo irreversible aggregation reactions. Hsp90 apparently interacts transiently with these highly structured early unfolding intermediates. Binding and subsequent release of the intermediates favorably influences the kinetic partitioning between two competing processes, the further unfolding of CS and the productive refolding to the native state. As a consequence, CS is effectively stabilized in the presence of Hsp90. The significance of this interaction is especially evident in the suppression of aggregation, the major end result of thermal unfolding events in vivo and in vitro. These effects, which are ATP-independent, seem to be a general function of members of the Hsp90 family, since yeast and bovine Hsp90 as well as the Hsp90 homologue from Escherichia coli gave similar results. It seems likely that this function also reflects the role of Hsp90 under heat shock conditions in vivo. We therefore propose that members of the Hsp90 family convey thermotolerance by transiently binding to highly structured early unfolding intermediates, thereby preventing their irreversible aggregation and stabilizing the active species.
Vortex dynamics and angular momentum transport in accretion disks

An evolutive coding process using a pseudo-random discontinuous function for coding remote controls, such as for automobiles. A message containing at least two pseudo-random values calculated by the pseudo-random discontinuous function is transmitted. Preferably the pseudo-random values are successive values of the pseudo-random discontinuous function, and the message optionally includes a code derived as a function of a specific base code associated with the system. The general preferred form of complete code message may take the form T(C) plus FA(C,n-1), plus FA(C,n) where T is a continuous function and FA is a pseudo-random discontinuous function.
Centre De Referència En Economia Analítica Barcelona Economics Working Paper Series Frames and Games Frames and Games

Decision-makers are sometimes influenced by the way in which choice situations are presented to them or " framed. " This can be seen as an important challenge to the social sciences, since strong and pervasive framing effects would make it difficult to study human behavior in a synthetic or theoretic manner. We present results from experiments with dilemma games designed to shed light on the effects of several frame variations. We study, among others, the particular public bad frame used by Andreoni (1995) and two more naturalistic frames involving stories. Our results show that none of the frame manipulations have a significant effect on average behavior, but we do find some effects on extreme behavior. We also find that incentives do matter where frames do not matter. Acknowledgements: The authors thank the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Cultura (SEC2002-01352) and the Barcelona Economics Program of CREA for financial help and David Rodríguez for very skillful research assistance.
Diet and IVF pilot study: Short‐term weight loss improves pregnancy rates in overweight/obese women undertaking IVF

Obesity worsens and modest weight loss improves female fertility. Overweight women were randomised to lifestyle or standard treatment pre‐in vitro fertilisation with treatment cessation at embryo transfer. There was a greater reduction in weight (P < 0.001) for lifestyle treatment (−3.8 ± 3.0 kg, P < 0.001) compared with no changes for standard treatment (−0.5 ± 1.2 kg, P = 0.092). Both the intervention (−5.3 ± 4.6 cm) and control (−3.5 ± 3.5 cm) group had reductions in waist circumference (P < 0.001) with no differences between the two groups (P = 0.215). The overall pregnancy rate was 53% (20/38) for the intervention and control group combined.
An in-session exploration of ruptures in working alliance and their associations with clients’ core conflictual relationship themes, alliance-related discourse, and clients’ postsession evaluations

Abstract This exploratory study examined (a) the relationship among the occurrence of ruptures in the working alliance, the emergence of client's core conflictual relationship themes (CCRT), and focus of discourse within therapeutic sessions and (b) the relationship between ruptures in the working alliance and client's postsession evaluations of session's smoothness and depth. The authors included 151 sessions from five therapies conducted in a student counseling center. Sessions were content analyzed by independent raters, and a self-report questionnaire was given to clients after each session. Ruptures were positively related to the emergence of clients’ CCRT during the session, but only when the therapist was addressed as the “other. ” Sessions with ruptures were characterized by heightened discussion of working alliance components and were evaluated as less smooth than sessions without ruptures. Findings are discussed, and the importance of ruptures in working alliance for therapeutic change is emphasized.
cost utility analysis of immunosuppressive regimens in adult renal transplant recipients in england and Wales

Background: End-stage renal disease is the irreversible final stage of chronic kidney disease and is fatal when not managed by either transplantation or dialysis. Transplantation is generally preferred over dialysis. However, to prevent graft rejection or loss, lifelong immunosuppression is required. Tacrolimus is currently the cornerstone of post-transplantation immunosuppression. The study aim was to carry out an economic evaluation of immunosuppression, including more recent agents such as a once-daily prolonged-release formulation of tacrolimus (Advagraf™) and belatacept, relative to a twice-daily immediate-release formulation of tacrolimus (Prograf™). Methods: A model was constructed comprising six states: onset of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection, functioning graft with or without a biopsy-confirmed acute rejection, non-functioning graft (dialysis), re-transplantation, and death. Data on clinical effectiveness were derived from a systematic literature review and the model captured the effects of patient adherence to immunosuppressant therapy on graft survival using relative risk of graft survival and published data on adherence in patients using Advagraf and Prograf. In the base case, the time horizon was 25 years and one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: The analysis demonstrated that Prograf was cost-effective when compared with cyclosporin and belatacept and was more effective than sirolimus, but would not be considered cost-effective against sirolimus. The modeled improvement in the adherence profile of patients using Advagraf relative to Prograf resulted in both improved clinical outcomes and reduced costs. Conclusion: Prograf was more clinically effective than cyclosporin, belatacept, and sirolimus, supporting its current positioning as the mainstay of immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant recipients. Based on improved patient adherence with Advagraf, the model projected that Advagraf would be both more effective and less costly than Prograf. Replacing Prograf with Advagraf as the standard of care for post-transplant immunosuppression could likely result in both cost savings and improved clinical outcomes.
Genome size and base composition in Medicago sativa and M. truncatula species.

The genome size (1C value) and base composition of 14 ecotypes of two species of tetraploid and diploid Medicago have been assessed by flow cytometry. These parameters vary both between and within species. The diploid annual Medicago truncatula Gaertn. had the smallest genome of the group studied (which also covered M. sativa L. subsp. sativa, M. sativa L. subsp. caerulea (Less. ex Ledeb.) Schmalh. , M. sativa L. subsp. quasifalcata Sinsk. , M. sativa L. subsp. x varia (Martyn) Arcangeli; however, its ecotypes revealed substantial intraspecific variation. The smallest M. truncatula genome observed was ecotype 108-1 with 1C = 0.49 pg and 38.1% GC and the largest was Jemalong with 1C = 0.57 pg and 38.6% GC. The degree of polysomaty in these Medicago was low, although in some tissues the frequency of cells with 4C nuclei reached 50%.
Factors affecting capture of the white pine cone beetle, Conophthorus coniperda (Schwarz) (Col., Scolytidae) in pheromone traps

Abstract: The white pine cone beetle, Conophthorus coniperda, is a serious pest of seed orchards. The sex pheromone (+)‐trans‐pityol, (2R,5S)‐2‐(1‐hydroxy‐1‐methylethyl)‐5‐methyltetrahydrofuran, shows considerable promise to manage the cone beetle populations in seed orchards. Our work confirms that pityol is an effective attractant to capture male C. coniperda. Traps need to be placed in the tree crown, preferably in the cone‐bearing region, to trap out more insects. Japanese beetle traps were superior to the Lindgren funnel traps in capturing insects and trap colour had no significant effect. Commercially available bubble caps for dispensing pheromone were as effective as the experimental ‘vial and wick’ and the glass capillary tube units. Pityol released at about 0.1 mg ṁ day−1 (100 female equivalents) was effective, and higher (more expensive) rates did not significantly improve trap catch.
Preliminary design of the SAFE platform

Safe is a clean-slate design for a secure host architecture. It integrates advances in programming languages, operating systems, and hardware and incorporates formal methods at every step. Though the project is still at an early stage, we have assembled a set of basic architectural choices that we believe will yield a high-assurance system. We sketch the current state of the design and discuss several of these choices.
High levels of serum HER-2/neu and YKL-40 independently reflect aggressiveness of metastatic breast cancer.

PURPOSE To evaluate serum levels of HER2 (an epithelial growth factor) and YKL-40 (a growth factor participating in inflammation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix) in relation to outcome in patients with their first diagnosis of recurrent breast cancer. DESIGN Serum HER2 and YKL-40 levels were measured in 100 patients referred with their first metastatic manifestation of breast cancer before first line anthracycline-based therapy and related to response to therapy, metastatic pattern, time to progression, and overall survival. During the observation period of 64-84 months, 89 patients died of breast cancer. RESULTS The patients had higher serum HER2 and YKL-40 levels than healthy females (P < 0.0001). Serum HER2 was elevated in 32% of the patients and serum YKL-40 in 30%. These patients were more sick (P < 0.01) and more often had parenchymal involvement (P < 0.0005), especially liver metastases (P < 0.00005). In multivariate Cox analysis, high serum levels of HER2 or YKL-40 or lack of estrogen receptors independently doubled the relative risk of progression and dying (P < 0.001) even after accounting for other independent prognostic variables, such as axillary nodal involvement at primary diagnosis, liver metastases, and more than two metastatic sites. Fewer patients with high serum HER2 or YKL-40 or lack of estrogen receptors responded with a complete remission on chemotherapy (P = 0.005, 0.036, and 0.006). In these patients, high serum YKL-40 was a stronger predictor of survival than high serum HER2 or lack of estrogen receptors. CONCLUSIONS High serum HER2 and YKL-40 independently identified subgroups of patients with metastatic breast cancer with a poor prognosis.
Early detection of myocardial involvement by non-contrast T1ρ mapping of cardiac magnetic resonance in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective This study aims to determine the effectiveness of T1ρ in detecting myocardial fibrosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients by comparing with native T1 and extracellular volume (ECV) fraction. Methods T2DM patients (n = 35) and healthy controls (n = 30) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance. ECV, T1ρ, native T1, and global longitudinal strain (GLS) values were assessed. Diagnostic performance was analyzed using receiver operating curves. Results The global ECV and T1ρ of T2DM group (ECV = 32.1 ± 3.2%, T1ρ = 51.6 ± 3.8 msec) were significantly higher than those of controls (ECV = 26.2 ± 1.6%, T1ρ = 46.8 ± 2.0 msec) (all P < 0.001), whether there was no significant difference in native T1 between T2DM and controls (P = 0.264). The GLS decreased significantly in T2DM patients compared with controls (−16.5 ± 2.4% vs. −18.3 ± 2.6%, P = 0.015). The T1ρ and native T1 were associated with ECV (Pearson’s r = 0.50 and 0.25, respectively, both P < 0.001); the native T1, T1ρ, and ECV were associated with hemoglobin A1c (Pearson’s r = 0.41, 0.52, and 0.61, respectively, all P < 0.05); and the ECV was associated with diabetes duration (Pearson’s r = 0.41, P = 0.016). The AUC of ECV, T1ρ, GLS, and native T1 were 0.869, 0.810, 0.659, and 0.524, respectively. Conclusion In T2DM patients, T1ρ may be a new non-contrast cardiac magnetic resonance technique for identifying myocardial diffuse fibrosis, and T1ρ may be more sensitive than native T1 in the detection of myocardial diffuse fibrosis.
Information Processing in Bible Study Groups

This paper focuses on information processing in Christian Bible study groups through surveys of three Midwestern churches. By considering the significance of the small group as integral to the vitality of religious organizations, this paper will consider how these groups process information from sermons, books, and peers. This processing is considered in three parts: pre-discussion, local discussion, and post-discussion. Pre-discussion information processing includes all of the topic-specific information that members of these groups obtain prior to meeting as a group. This information is either unique to an individual or shared among many individuals in a group, and the nature of this information affects how it is used in actual discussion. Because of the religious nature of these groups, the paper will explore the authoritative nature of information used, and whether or not this nature affects processing of information. Results show that Bible study groups report a significantly larger than expected quantity of unique information, but also that this information is continuously corrected by what is considered biblically correct. It is concluded that members join Bible study groups primarily for spiritual and relational purposes, but that this purpose does not restrain members from debate and discussion.
Prognostic evaluation of metallothionein expression in human colorectal neoplasms.

AIM: To investigate the role of metallothionein in colorectal tumours and the possible relation with other factors associated with tumour progression: expression of cathepsin D (CD), CD44, p53, Rb, bcl-2, c-erbB-2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), proliferation indices (Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)), and conventional clinicopathological variables. METHODS: The immunohistochemical expression of metallothionein was investigated in 23 cases of colorectal adenoma and 94 adenocarcinomas. Metallothionein expression was examined by the avidinbiotin peroxidase immunoperoxidase (ABC) using the monoclonal mouse antibody E9, on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. RESULTS: Positive metallothionein expression (> 5% of neoplastic cells) was observed in 30.4% of adenomas and 25.5% of adenocarcinomas, while 8.7% of adenomas and 14.9% carcinomas showed focal metallothionein positivity. In contrast, 60.9% of adenomas and 59.6% of carcinomas almost completely lacked metallothionein expression. In the series of adenocarcinomas, metallothionein expression was inversely correlated with CD44 in neoplastic cells (p = 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference of metallothionein expression, or the other variables examined, between adenocarcinomas and adenomas. CONCLUSIONS: Metallothionein expression does not seem to indicate aggressive biological behaviour in colorectal adenocarcinomas, in comparison with the other types of carcinoma. The inverse correlation with CD44 could suggest that the decreased metallothionein expression may contribute to the metastatic spread of the lymph node involvement in colorectal cancer. Metallothionein expression does not seem to represent an independent prognostic marker in colorectal cancer.
Centenarians as super-controls to assess the biological relevance of genetic risk factors for common age-related diseases: A proof of principle on type 2 diabetes

Genetic association studies of age-related, chronic human diseases often suffer from a lack of power to detect modest effects. Here we propose an alternative approach of including healthy centenarians as a more homogeneous and extreme control group. As a proof of principle we focused on type 2 diabetes (T2D) and assessed allelic/genotypic associations of 31 SNPs associated with T2D, diabetes complications and metabolic diseases and SNPs of genes relevant for telomere stability and age-related diseases. We hypothesized that the frequencies of risk variants are inversely correlated with decreasing health and longevity. We performed association analyses comparing diabetic patients and non-diabetic controls followed by association analyses with extreme phenotypic groups (T2D patients with complications and centenarians). Results drew attention to rs7903146 (TCF7L2 gene) that showed a constant increase in the frequencies of risk genotype (TT) from centenarians to diabetic patients who developed macro-complications and the strongest genotypic association was detected when diabetic patients were compared to centenarians (p_value = 9.066*10−7). We conclude that robust and biologically relevant associations can be obtained when extreme phenotypes, even with a small sample size, are compared.
Aerosol radiative forcing and the accuracy of satellite aerosol optical depth retrieval

[1] The minimum acceptable accuracy of the top of the atmosphere radiative flux of ΔF = 0.5 W/m2 leads to the required accuracy in satellite based aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval of about Δτ = 0.015 over the land and Δτ = 0.010 over the ocean. None of the current operational satellite based instruments for AOD retrieval has been able to achieve this accuracy. The RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of the AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) is typically between 0.06 and 0.15, while the RMSE of the MODIS (Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) over the land has been estimated to be Δτ = 0.05 + 0. 2τ, which varies between Δτ = 0.07 and Δτ = 0.21 within the limit of usual aerosol optical depth between τ = 0.1 and τ = 0.8. The Department of Energy research satellite instrument, the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI), is capable of retrieving aerosol optical depth with an accuracy of Δτ = 0.03 using an off nadir view at medium scattering angles. Theoretical analysis suggests that the uncertainties in aerosol phase function (due to uncertainties in aerosol shape, size distribution and optical properties) are the major obstacles for accurate aerosol optical depth retrieval. These uncertainties lead to a much larger error in aerosol optical depth retrieval at large scattering angles (usually at close to nadir view) than at off nadir views at medium scattering angles. On the basis of our theoretical analysis and on MTI experience, we suggest that in order to achieve the required accuracy in AOD retrieval, future satellite instruments using a single or dual-view AOD retrieval algorithm should use off-nadir views at medium scattering angles (between 50° and 100°).
A study of information seeking and retrieving. II. Users, questions, and effectiveness

The objectives of the study were to conduct a series of observations and experiments under as real‐life a situation as possible related to: (1) user context of questions in information retrieval; (2) the structure and classification of questions; (3) cognitive traits and decision making of searchers; and (4) different searches of the same question. The study is presented in three parts: Part I presents the background of the study and describes the models, measures, methods, procedures and statistical analyses used. Part II is devoted to results related to users, questions and effectiveness measures, and Part III to results related to searchers, searches and overlap studies. A concluding summary of all results is presented in Part III. © 1988 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Spiking Neural Network Methodology and System for Learning and Comparative Analysis of EEG Data From Healthy Versus Addiction Treated Versus Addiction Not Treated Subjects

This paper introduces a method utilizing spiking neural networks (SNN) for learning, classification, and comparative analysis of brain data. As a case study, the method was applied to electroencephalography (EEG) data collected during a GO/NOGO cognitive task performed by untreated opiate addicts, those undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for opiate dependence and a healthy control group. Methods: the method is based on an SNN architecture called NeuCube, trained on spatiotemporal EEG data. Objective: NeuCube was used to classify EEG data across subject groups and across GO versus NOGO trials, but also facilitated a deeper comparative analysis of the dynamic brain processes. Results: This analysis results in a better understanding of human brain functioning across subject groups when performing a cognitive task. In terms of the EEG data classification, a NeuCube model obtained better results (the maximum obtained accuracy: 90.91%) when compared with traditional statistical and artificial intelligence methods (the maximum obtained accuracy: 50.55%). Significance: more importantly, new information about the effects of MMT on cognitive brain functions is revealed through the analysis of the SNN model connectivity and its dynamics. Conclusion: this paper presented a new method for EEG data modeling and revealed new knowledge on brain functions associated with mental activity which is different from the brain activity observed in a resting state of the same subjects.