Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTERFERENCE EFFECTS OF ANXIETY AND AFFECTIVE PROCESSING ON WORKING MEMORY: BEHAVIORAL AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL ACCOUNTS

of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science INTERFERENCE EFFECTS OF ANXIETY AND AFFECTIVE PROCESSING ON WORKING MEMORY: BEHAVIORAL AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL ACCOUNTS By David Andrew Stigge-Kaufman May, 2005 Chair: William M. Perlstein Major Department: Clinical and Health Psychology Emotionally salient information is often given preferential processing in attention and perception. While this offers many benefits, it can become problematic in disorders of anxiety when threat-related processing is excessive and dysfunctional. Affective processing has been shown to modulate higher-level cognitive functions like working memory, although the nature of these effects is poorly understood for both anxious and healthy individuals alike. This study examined whether affective interference impairs representations in working memory (WM) and whether this impairment is greater in response to interfering emotional stimuli that have intrinsic clinical or evolutionary relevance. High-fear participants and low-fear controls performed a novel delayed matching-to-sample (DMS) task involving high and low WM “loads” and the presentation of interference pictures of varying valence (pleasant, neutral, unpleasant, and clinically/evolutionarily-relevant threat) during the delay. Error rates, reaction time (RT),
Coordinating compass-based and nest-based flight directions during bumblebee learning and return flights

SUMMARY Bumblebees tend to face their nest over a limited range of compass directions when learning the nest's location on departure and finding it on their approach after foraging. They thus obtain similar views of the nest and its surroundings on their learning and return flights. How do bees coordinate their flights relative to nest-based and compass-based reference frames to get such similar views? We show, first, that learning and return flights contain straight segments that are directed along particular compass bearings, which are independent of the orientation of a bee's body. Bees are thus free within limits to adjust their viewing direction relative to the nest, without disturbing flight direction. Second, we examine the coordination of nest-based and compass-based control during likely information gathering segments of these flights: loops during learning flights and zigzags on return flights. We find that bees tend to start a loop or zigzag when flying within a restricted range of compass directions and to fly towards the nest and face it after a fixed change in compass direction, without continuous interactions between their nest-based and compass-based directions of flight. A preferred trajectory of compass-based flight over the course of a motif, combined with the tendency of the bees to keep their body oriented towards the nest automatically narrows the range of compass directions over which bees view the nest. Additionally, the absence of interactions between the two reference frames allows loops and zigzags to have a stereotyped form that can generate informative visual feedback.
Preliminary screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of Anatolian Heptaptera species

The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts prepared from the fruits, aerial parts, and roots of Heptaptera anatolica (Boiss.) Tutin, (Umbelliferae), H. anisoptera (DC.) Tutin, H. cilicica (Boiss. & Balansa) Tutin (endemic), and H. triquetra (Vent.) Tutin were tested for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and antioxidant activities. AChE inhibition was evaluated using ELISA microplate reader at 500, 1000, and 2000 μg mL−1. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test and Fe+2-ferrozine test system for metal chelating power at the same concentrations. Total phenol contents of the extracts were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. At 2000 μg mL−1, only the aerial parts and fruits of H. anatolica showed moderate anti-AChE effect (61.97% and 49.80%, respectively), while the aerial parts and fruits of H. triquetra had the highest DPPH scavenging effect (80.48% and 86.19%, respectively). All of the methanol extracts exhibited significant ferrous ion-chelating effect varying between 72.97% and 92.36%, whereas only four of the ethyl acetate extracts exerted chelating effect over 70%. These results indicate that Heptaptera species could be a good source for antioxidant compounds.
Peer and Friends and Career Decision Making: A Critical Analysis

6 Abstract: Peer and friends are important aspect of socialization process and their influence and pressure has also received wide acknowledgement in shaping and molding the course of an individual life. The current discourse is based on content analysis as well as field information which explores the nature, level and extent of peer and friends influence in career decision making process of an individual. The data has been collected through library method i.e. searching relevant books, journals, articles, news papers and even internet sources while field information has been obtained through questionnaire from 100 students using random sampling method. All the collected information have critically analyzed, debated and explained to produce theory for generalization while the field information has been analyzed in the form of frequencies and percentages through chi-square test. The analysis and discussion thus give rise to an argument that although family i.e. parents and other family members primarily geared and transformed the behavior of the children in multiple ways, however; peer influence is an asset for developing career opportunities and decision making among youth.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AHP AND FUZZY AHP M ODELS FOR M ULTICRITERIA INVENTORY CLASSIFICATION

A systematic approach to the inventory controland classification may have a significant influence on company competitiveness. In practice, all inventories cannot be controlled with equal attention. In order to efficiently control the inventory items and to determine the suitable ordering policies forthem, multicriteria inventory classification is used. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is one of the best ways for deciding among the complex criteria structure in different levels. FuzzyAnalytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is a synthetic extension of classical AHP method when the fuzziness of the decision makers is considered. In this paper, a comparative analysis of AHP and FAHP for multi-criteria inventory classification model has been presented.To accredit the proposed models, those were implemented for the 351 raw materials of switch gear section of Energypac Engineering Limited (EEL), a large power engineering company of Bangladesh.
Early Career Outcomes of Graduate Employees: the Effect of Mentoring and Ingratiation

Underpinned by the growing recognition of influence processes or a careerist orientation in the determination of career success, this study examined the effect of career-oriented mentoring, ingratiation and their interaction term on the career success measures of salary, number of promotions received and career satisfaction. Data were obtained through structured questionnaires from graduate employees ("N"e 432) working full-time in Hong Kong. Results of the ordinary least-squares regression analyses revealed a non-significant effect of career-oriented mentoring, ingratiation and their interaction term on salary. Career-oriented mentoring was, however, significantly positively related to number of promotions received and career satisfaction. Although the results reinforced the dominance of the traditional determinants of career success, the significant effect of career-oriented mentoring on two of the career success measures may help to paint a more realistic picture of the process of career success in organizations. Limitations of the study, directions for future research and implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright 1996 Basil Blackwell Ltd.
A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness

Abstract Objectives: The study aimed to compare the efficacy of eight weekly sessions of a self-administered online CBT treatment (cCBT; n=51) to a therapist-assisted email CBT treatment (eCBT; n=50) in University students. Design: The design was a randomised parallel group trial. The study randomised participants with symptoms of depression to one of two available treatments. Method: Participants were offered eight weekly sessions of either cCBT or eCBT. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) at pre-and post-treatment, at weeks 16 and 32 follow-up. The Working Alliance Inventory-Short Form (WAI-SR) was completed at weeks 2, 4, and 6. Results: For both groups, pre-post within group effect sizes reported were large for the BDI-II and the CORE-OM and these were maintained at follow-up. Perceptions of working alliance were similar in each group, but Bond was significantly stronger for the eCBT condition. WAI.
Discrimination of Lexical Tones in the First Year of Life

In the current study, we examined the developmental course of the perception of non-native tonal contrast. We tested 4, 6 and 12-month-old Dutch infants on their discrimination of Chinese low-rising tone and low-dipping tone using the visual fixation paradigm. The infants were tested in two conditions that differed in terms of degree of variability. The 4-month-olds did not show discrimination effect in either condition. The 6- and 12-month-old infants, however, discriminated the tones in both conditions. The improvement of perception might be the result of cognitive development carried over from learning the native phonology. Infants can become better listeners in general in the first year of life, as well as get cognitively better equipped in dealing with the variable input in speech in general.
Assessment of 4% ocimum sanctum and 0.2% chlorhexidine irrigation as an adjunct to scaling & root planing in management of chronic periodontitis - a randomized controlled trial

Background: Ocimum sanctum is a plant which is of great medicinal value and has various properties for curing and preventing disease.Hence a study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Ocimum sanctumon bacterial plaque and its comparison with Chlorhexidine gluconate which is considered as the gold standard. Materials and Methods:30 chronic periodontitis patients were randomized into two groups. Group A received scaling and root planing plus intra-pocket irrigation of Ocimum sanctum (n= 15) and Group B received scaling and root planing plus intra-pocket irrigation with Chlorhexidine gluconate (n = 15). Clinical parameters including the plaque index, gingival index, pocket probing depth and clinical attachment level were assessed at baseline and 30 days. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 17. Statistical significance of P ≤ 0.001 was considered. Results:Our data showed that Ocimum sanctum was equally effective in reducing periodontal indices as chlorhexidine. Significant reduction in all clinical parameters were observed over a period of four weeks in both the test and the control groups. Conclusion:The results of the present study revealed that subgingival irrigation with 4% Ocimum sanctum may prove to be effective owing to its ability in reducing plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation and bleeding andhas no side effects as compared to chlorhexidine. Keywords: Chlorhexidine, Ocimum sanctum, Irrigation, Periodontitis
Computing Time-Dependent Bid Prices in Network Revenue Management Problems

We propose a new method to compute bid prices in network revenue management problems. The novel aspect of our method is that it naturally provides dynamic bid prices that depend on how much time is left until departure. We show that our method provides an upper bound on the optimal total expected revenue and that this upper bound is tighter than the one provided by the widely known deterministic linear programming approach. Furthermore, it is possible to use the bid prices computed by our method as a starting point in a dynamic programming decomposition-like idea to decompose the network revenue management problem by the flight legs and to obtain dynamic and capacity-dependent bid prices. Our computational experiments indicate that the proposed method improves on many standard benchmarks.
The allure of secret relationships

Two surveys and a laboratory experiment examined the role of secrecy in attraction to relationships. In the first survey, respondents reported that past relationships they currently continued to think about were more likely to have been secret than ones they no longer pondered. In the second survey, those respondents who indicated that a past relationship had been secret also reported that it continued to be a target of their obsessive preoccupation. The laboratory experiment explored attraction between mixed-sex couples who were induced to play footsie under a table in the presence of another couple. When this was secret, greater attraction for the partner was reported than when it was not
ATP-dependent nucleosome unwrapping catalyzed by human RAD51

Double-strand breaks (DSB) occur in chromatin following replication fork collapse and chemical or physical damage [Symington and Gautier (Double-strand break end resection and repair pathway choice. Annu. Rev. Genet. 2011;45:247–271.)] and may be repaired by homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining. Nucleosomes are the fundamental units of chromatin and must be remodeled during DSB repair by HR [Andrews and Luger (Nucleosome structure(s) and stability: variations on a theme. Annu. Rev. Biophys. 2011;40:99–117. )]. Physical initiation of HR requires RAD51, which forms a nucleoprotein filament (NPF) that catalyzes homologous pairing and strand exchange (recombinase) between DNAs that ultimately bridges the DSB gap [San Filippo, Sung and Klein. (Mechanism of eukaryotic HR. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2008;77:229–257.)]. RAD51 forms an NPF on single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Although the single-stranded DNA NPF is essential for recombinase initiation, the role of the dsDNA NPF is less clear. Here, we demonstrate that the human RAD51 (HsRAD51) dsDNA NPF disassembles nucleosomes by unwrapping the DNA from the core histones. HsRAD51 that has been constitutively or biochemically activated for recombinase functions displays significantly reduced nucleosome disassembly activity. These results suggest that HsRAD51 can perform ATP hydrolysis-dependent nucleosome disassembly in addition to its recombinase functions.
Trading Land: A Review of Approaches to Accounting for Upstream Land Requirements of Traded Products

Land use is recognized as a pervasive driver of environmental impacts, including climate change and biodiversity loss. Global trade leads to “telecoupling” between the land use of production and the consumption of biomass‐based goods and services. Telecoupling is captured by accounts of the upstream land requirements associated with traded products, also commonly referred to as land footprints. These accounts face challenges in two main areas: (1) the allocation of land to products traded and consumed and (2) the metrics to account for differences in land quality and land‐use intensity. For two main families of accounting approaches (biophysical, factor‐based and environmentally extended input‐output analysis), this review discusses conceptual differences and compares results for land footprints. Biophysical approaches are able to capture a large number of products and different land uses, but suffer from a truncation problem. Economic approaches solve the truncation problem, but are hampered by the limited disaggregation of sectors and products. In light of the conceptual differences, the overall similarity of results generated by both types of approaches is remarkable. Diametrically opposed results for some of the world's largest producers and consumers of biomass‐based products, however, make interpretation difficult. This review aims to provide clarity on some of the underlying conceptual issues of accounting for land footprints.
The Tripartite Model in Childhood and Adolescence: Future Directions for Developmental Research

The tripartite model proposed by L. A. Clark and D. Watson (1991) describes the common and unique features of anxiety and depression by delineating their relation with the dimensions of negative affect, positive affect, and physiological hyperarousal. Although this model was initially developed for adults, researchers have been increasingly interested in its applicability to a younger age range. However, several problems have hindered meaningful systematic research and forestalled conclusions regarding the validity of the model in childhood and adolescence. This article provides a review of these difficulties, along with a number of recommendations for future research, in order to enhance a firm understanding of the development of the tripartite dimensions, their interrelations, and their relations to anxiety, depression, and other Axis I disorders across the life span.
Championing Diversity: The Influence of Personal and Organizational Antecedents

The purpose of this research was to examine antecedents of championing diversity (i.e., extra-role behaviors aimed at ensuring the success of diversity initiatives). In Study 1 (N = 170 students), race and sex were marginally related to championing diversity, while extraversion, racial prejudice, and sexual prejudice held stronger associations with the behavior. In Study 2 (N = 299 employees), racial prejudice, sexual prejudice, and coworker support for diversity were all predictive of championing behavior. The findings suggest that both personal and social factors influence people’s championing behaviors. Contributions, limitations, and future directions are advanced. jasp_598 788.810
Low‐Probability Flood Risk Modeling for New York City

The devastating impact by Hurricane Sandy (2012) again showed New York City (NYC) is one of the most vulnerable cities to coastal flooding around the globe. The low‐lying areas in NYC can be flooded by nor'easter storms and North Atlantic hurricanes. The few studies that have estimated potential flood damage for NYC base their damage estimates on only a single, or a few, possible flood events. The objective of this study is to assess the full distribution of hurricane flood risk in NYC. This is done by calculating potential flood damage with a flood damage model that uses many possible storms and surge heights as input. These storms are representative for the low‐probability/high‐impact flood hazard faced by the city. Exceedance probability‐loss curves are constructed under different assumptions about the severity of flood damage. The estimated flood damage to buildings for NYC is between US$59 and 129 millions/year. The damage caused by a 1/100‐year storm surge is within a range of US$2 bn–5 bn, while this is between US$5 bn and 11 bn for a 1/500‐year storm surge. An analysis of flood risk in each of the five boroughs of NYC finds that Brooklyn and Queens are the most vulnerable to flooding. This study examines several uncertainties in the various steps of the risk analysis, which resulted in variations in flood damage estimations. These uncertainties include: the interpolation of flood depths; the use of different flood damage curves; and the influence of the spectra of characteristics of the simulated hurricanes.
Deliberate self-harm: a comparison of first-time cases and cases with a prior history

Abstract Objective: Eighty one patients admitted following deliberate self-harm were assessed using a semi-structured interview. The aim of the study was to compare clinical and social profiles of the 42 patients who had committed self harm for the first time with those of the 39 who had committed self harm in the past. Method: The patients were assessed jointly by a psychiatrist and either a community psychiatric nurse or a social worker. A description of past suicidal behaviour, socio demographic information, medical and psychiatric history were recorded. Suicide intent was assessed both from the clinical interview and rated objectively using Pierce's suicide intent scale. Psychiatric diagnoses were made using the ICD 9 classification. Results: The entire group had experienced difficulties in sustaining relationships. This problem was significantly more widespread in repeaters with increased use of physical violence in their relationship. More patients with a previous history claimed to have death wishes at the time of self harm, and asserted that they would harm themselves again compared with patients without a previous history. Clinical predictions regarding future self harming behaviour were in line with the patient's stated intentions. Conclusion: The persistent desire to commit self harm and more widespread relational difficulties amongst the patients with a previous history suggests a need for different treatment strategies and outcome measures for the two groups.
Dimensionality Reduction: A Comparative Review

In recent years, a variety of nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques have been proposed that aim to address the limitations of traditional techniques such as PCA and classical scaling. The paper presents a review and systematic comparison of these techniques. The performances of the nonlinear techniques are investigated on artificial and natural tasks. The results of the experiments reveal that nonlinear techniques perform well on selected artificial tasks, but that this strong performance does not necessarily extend to real-world tasks. The paper explains these results by identifying weaknesses of current nonlinear techniques, and suggests how the performance of nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques may be improved.
Gene expression changes governing extreme dehydration tolerance in an Antarctic insect

Among terrestrial organisms, arthropods are especially susceptible to dehydration, given their small body size and high surface area to volume ratio. This challenge is particularly acute for polar arthropods that face near-constant desiccating conditions, as water is frozen and thus unavailable for much of the year. The molecular mechanisms that govern extreme dehydration tolerance in insects remain largely undefined. In this study, we used RNA sequencing to quantify transcriptional mechanisms of extreme dehydration tolerance in the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica, the world’s southernmost insect and only insect endemic to Antarctica. Larvae of B. antarctica are remarkably tolerant of dehydration, surviving losses up to 70% of their body water. Gene expression changes in response to dehydration indicated up-regulation of cellular recycling pathways including the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome and autophagy, with concurrent down-regulation of genes involved in general metabolism and ATP production. Metabolomics results revealed shifts in metabolite pools that correlated closely with changes in gene expression, indicating that coordinated changes in gene expression and metabolism are a critical component of the dehydration response. Finally, using comparative genomics, we compared our gene expression results with a transcriptomic dataset for the Arctic collembolan, Megaphorura arctica. Although B. antarctica and M. arctica are adapted to similar environments, our analysis indicated very little overlap in expression profiles between these two arthropods. Whereas several orthologous genes showed similar expression patterns, transcriptional changes were largely species specific, indicating these polar arthropods have developed distinct transcriptional mechanisms to cope with similar desiccating conditions.