Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of temperature on pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) resistance to natural enemy attack

Abstract The ability to resist or avoid natural enemy attack is a critically important insect life history trait, yet little is understood of how these traits may be affected by temperature. This study investigated how different genotypes of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, a pest of leguminous crops, varied in resistance to three different natural enemies (a fungal pathogen, two species of parasitoid wasp and a coccinellid beetle), and whether expression of resistance was influenced by temperature. Substantial clonal variation in resistance to the three natural enemies was found. Temperature influenced the number of aphids succumbing to the fungal pathogen Erynia neoaphidis Remaudière & Hennebert, with resistance increasing at higher temperatures (18 vs. 28°C). A temperature difference of 5°C (18 vs. 23°C) did not affect the ability of A. pisum to resist attack by the parasitoids Aphidius ervi Haliday and A. eadyi Starý, González & Hall. Escape behaviour from foraging coccinellid beetles (Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville) was not directly influenced by aphid clone or temperature (16 vs. 21°C). However, there were significant interactions between clone and temperature (while most clones did not respond to temperature, one was less likely to escape at 16°C), and between aphid clone and ladybird presence (some clones showed greater changes in escape behaviour in response to the presence of foraging coccinellids than others). Therefore, while larger temperature differences may alter interactions between Acyrthosiphon pisum and an entomopathogen, there is little evidence to suggest that smaller changes in temperature will alter pea aphid–natural enemy interactions.
The Effect of Repeated Reading With Pairs of Students in a Large-Group Setting on Fluency and Comprehension for Students At Risk for Reading Failure

Problem. Some students are failing to develop acceptable reading skills; however, instructional time allocated to reading fluency can increase reading comprehension. The purpose of this study was to compare students who received repeated reading with pairs of students in a large-group setting with those who did not in terms of reading fluency, rates of reading fluency growth, and reading comprehension for students at risk for reading failure in a school in a Midwestern mid-sized city. Method. An experimental pretest-posttest with control group design was used with grade level stratified (2nd, 3rd, and 4th grade) intervention (N = 27) and control (N = 30) groups. All students were at risk for reading failure based onDynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills Oral Reading Fluency (DORF). Socioeconomic data indicated 82% of the school's students were eligible for the federal free or reduced-price lunch program. The students were homogenously paired and engaged in repeated reading in a large group using fiction and nonfiction stories at their instructional level. The study consisted of 32 sessions, 15 minutes per day, 3 to 4 days per week, over 7 weeks. The three dependent variables were pre- and posttest performance on the DORF, DORF progressing monitoring slope, and the Group Reading Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation (GRADE). Results. The ANCOVA result for DORF was nonsignificant, F (1, 54) = . 40, p = . 529, partial = . 01. The omnibus test of the 2 × 3 ANCOVA for DORF progress monitoring slope was nonsignificant, F (2, 47) = 2.49, p = . 094, partial η >2 = . 10, indicating no significant interaction between the treatment condition and grade level. There was no significant main effect for grade level, F (2, 47) = . 294, p = . 746, partial η 2 = . 01, but a significant main effect for condition was found, F (1, 47) = 7.80, p = . 008, partial η2 = . 14, Cohen's d = 0.72. Students in the intervention group had a statistically significant steeper slope for rates of reading fluency growth, along with a medium to large effect size. The ANCOVA for GRADE was nonsignificant, F (1, 52) = 3.34, p = . 074, partial η2 = . 06. Conclusions. The theory of automaticity as applied to reading development was supported by the results. Repeated reading with pairs of students in a large-group setting was an effective intervention for rates of reading fluency growth (slope) for students at risk for reading failure; however, significant results were not found on pre- and posttests for fluency and comprehension. The short length of the study and sensitivity of the comprehension measure may not have allowed sufficient opportunity to detect changes in difference between the groups in these areas. This study demonstrated that one adult was able to facilitate the development of reading fluency with a classroom of students who were below standard.
A Bayesian Information Criterion for Portfolio Selection

The mean-variance theory of Markowitz (1952) indicates that large investment portfolios naturally provide better risk diversification than small ones. However, due to parameter estimation errors, one may find ambiguous results in practice. Hence, it is essential to identify relevant stocks to alleviate the impact of estimation error in portfolio selection. To this end, we propose a linkage condition to link the relevant and irrelevant stock returns via their conditional regression relationship. Subsequently, we obtain a BIC selection criterion that enables us to identify relevant stocks consistently. Numerical studies indicate that BIC outperforms commonly used portfolio strategies in the literature.
Profil Kemampuan Membaca Siswa Kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar (SD) Dan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (Mi) Ditinjau Dari Jenis Sekolah Dan Jenis Kelamin

This study wanted to test the reading ability of students in grade 5 elementary school and madrasah, aged 9-11 years in terms of gender and type of school. Data collection tool tests the ability to read and the data entry student sex and type of school that consists of Elementary and MI. Research subjects amounted to 71 students from two schools, which consists of 43 elementary school students and 28 students MI. The results of data analysis showed that there was no difference between reading ability between men and women (p> 0.05). In review of the types of schools that is students from elementary school and MI (p> 00.5) and no difference in reading ability. Key words: Ability to read, gender, type of school
Reforming Educational Policy With Applied Social Research

Policy researchers have traditionally assumed that applied research produces authoritative and socially relevant knowledge and affects policy by affecting discrete decisions. The authors investigate these assumptions in the light of case materials from educational policy research and find them lacking in explanatory force. They suggest that, since premises about the relationship between applied research and policy are faulty, the traditional rationale for social science in the service of the state may not be adequate. The authors propose an alternative conception of policy research based on a notion of the research process as a form of discourse about the nature of society and its problems.
Autonomic and emotional responses of graduate student clinicians in speech-language pathology to stuttered speech.

BACKGROUND Fluent speakers and people who stutter manifest alterations in autonomic and emotional responses as they view stuttered relative to fluent speech samples. These reactions are indicative of an aroused autonomic state and are hypothesized to be triggered by the abrupt breakdown in fluency exemplified in stuttered speech. Furthermore, these reactions are assumed to be the basis for the stereotypes held by different communicative partners towards people who stutter. AIMS To examine the autonomic and emotional reactions of graduate student clinicians in speech-language pathology as they viewed fluent and severe stuttered speech samples. METHODS & PROCEDURES Twenty-one female graduate student clinicians in speech-language pathology participated in this study. Each participant viewed four 30-s video samples (two fluent and two stuttered speech samples) while their autonomic responses (skin conductance response (SCR) and heart rate (HR)) were concurrently captured. Furthermore, emotional responses to stuttered and fluent speech samples were captured using the self-assessment manikin (SAM) and a rating scale with nine bipolar adjectives reflecting one's feelings. OUTCOMES & RESULTS An increase in SCR and deceleration in HR was observed as graduate clinicians viewed stuttered speech samples versus fluent speech samples and the differences were statistically significant. In addition, results from the self-rating scales showed that participants had negative feelings (e.g., emotionally aroused, unpleasant, embarrassed, uncomfortable, etc.) while viewing stuttered speech. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS Findings suggest that graduate student clinicians in speech-language pathology demonstrated altered autonomic and emotional responses similar to those manifested by fluent and stuttered speakers as they viewed stuttered speech samples. Collectively, these findings support the contention that the inherent nature of stuttered speech triggers a visceral reaction in a listener, irrespective of their background and knowledge about the disorder.
The Nordic Comparative Study on Sectorized Psychiatry–length of in‐patient stay

øiesvold T, Saarento O, Sytema S, Christiansen L, Göstas G, Lönnerberg O, Muus S, Sandlund M, Hansson L. The Nordic Comparative Study on Sectorized Psychiatry — length of in‐patient stay. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999: 100: 220–228. © Munksgaard 1999.
Impaired Growth and Force Production in Skeletal Muscles of Young Partially Pancreatectomized Rats: A Model of Adolescent Type 1 Diabetic Myopathy?

This present study investigated the temporal effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on adolescent skeletal muscle growth, morphology and contractile properties using a 90% partial pancreatecomy (Px) model of the disease. Four week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to Px (n = 25) or Sham (n = 24) surgery groups and euthanized at 4 or 8 weeks following an in situ assessment of muscle force production. Compared to Shams, Px were hyperglycemic (>15 mM) and displayed attenuated body mass gains by days 2 and 4, respectively (both P<0.05). Absolute maximal force production of the gastrocnemius plantaris soleus complex (GPS) was 30% and 50% lower in Px vs. Shams at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively (P<0.01). GP mass was 35% lower in Px vs Shams at 4 weeks (1.24±0.06 g vs. 1.93±0.03 g, P<0.05) and 45% lower at 8 weeks (1.57±0.12 vs. 2.80±0.06, P<0.05). GP fiber area was 15–20% lower in Px vs. Shams at 4 weeks in all fiber types. At 8 weeks, GP type I and II fiber areas were ∼25% and 40% less, respectively, in Px vs. Shams (group by fiber type interactions, P<0.05). Phosphorylation states of 4E-BP1 and S6K1 following leucine gavage increased 2.0- and 3.5-fold, respectively, in Shams but not in Px. Px rats also had impaired rates of muscle protein synthesis in the basal state and in response to gavage. Taken together, these data indicate that exposure of growing skeletal muscle to uncontrolled T1DM significantly impairs muscle growth and function largely as a result of impaired protein synthesis in type II fibers.
Proteome Adaptation to High Temperatures in the Ectothermic Hydrothermal Vent Pompeii Worm

Taking advantage of the massive genome sequencing effort made on thermophilic prokaryotes, thermal adaptation has been extensively studied by analysing amino acid replacements and codon usage in these unicellular organisms. In most cases, adaptation to thermophily is associated with greater residue hydrophobicity and more charged residues. Both of these characteristics are positively correlated with the optimal growth temperature of prokaryotes. In contrast, little information has been collected on the molecular ‘adaptive’ strategy of thermophilic eukaryotes. The Pompeii worm A. pompejana, whose transcriptome has recently been sequenced, is currently considered as the most thermotolerant eukaryote on Earth, withstanding the greatest thermal and chemical ranges known. We investigated the amino-acid composition bias of ribosomal proteins in the Pompeii worm when compared to other lophotrochozoans and checked for putative adaptive changes during the course of evolution using codon-based Maximum likelihood analyses. We then provided a comparative analysis of codon usage and amino-acid replacements from a greater set of orthologous genes between the Pompeii worm and Paralvinella grasslei, one of its closest relatives living in a much cooler habitat. Analyses reveal that both species display the same high GC-biased codon usage and amino-acid patterns favoring both positively-charged residues and protein hydrophobicity. These patterns may be indicative of an ancestral adaptation to the deep sea and/or thermophily. In addition, the Pompeii worm displays a set of amino-acid change patterns that may explain its greater thermotolerance, with a significant increase in Tyr, Lys and Ala against Val, Met and Gly. Present results indicate that, together with a high content in charged residues, greater proportion of smaller aliphatic residues, and especially alanine, may be a different path for metazoans to face relatively ‘high’ temperatures and thus a novelty in thermophilic metazoans.
Accounting education and quality dimensions: A field research in Turkey Muhasebe eğitimi ve kalite boyutları: Türkiye alan araştırması

Rules, regulations and operating characteristics regarding the accounting information system which they use during the life work are transferred to the individuals with the conception of lifelong learning in the accounting education. In this way, individuals acquires sufficient accounting information in their professional careers and professional exams. No doubt, the success is directly related to personal competencies of individuals and the quality of education received. The quality of accounting education is concerned with the level of realization of the expectations from the individuals who take or took accounting education. This study focuses on education quality dimensions referring to accounting education. The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature on the quality of accounting education by examining periodicals on the scope and quality of accounting education made in Turkey. In studies conducted in Turkey, it is investigated that the expectations of students and businesses from accounting education and the quality dimensions held by the universities such as the number of lecturers, course duration, and physical facilities. Ozet Hayat boyu ogrenme anlayisi ile muhasebe egitiminde, bireylere calisma hayati suresince kullanacaklari, muhasebe bilgi sistemine iliskin kural, yasal duzenleme ve isleyis ozellikleri aktarilmaktadir. Bu sayede bireyler profesyonel kariyerlerinde ve mesleki sinavlarda yeterli muhasebe bilgisi edinmektedir. Şuphesiz ki muhasebe egitimi alan bireylerin profesyonel kariyerlerinde ve mesleki sinavlardaki basarisi kisisel yetkinlikler ve alinan egitimin kalitesiyle dogrudan ilgilidir. Muhasebe egitiminde kalite; muhasebe egitimiyle hem egitim alanlarin hem de muhasebe egitimi almis kisilerden beklentilerin karsilanma duzeyiyle ilgilidir. Bu calismada muhasebe egitimine deginilerek egitimde kalite boyutlari uzerinde durulmaktadir. Bu calismanin amaci, Turkiye’de yapilmis muhasebe egitimi ve kalite kapsaminda sureli yayinlar incelenerek muhasebe egitim kalitesi uzerine literature katki saglanmasidir. Turkiye’de yapilmis calismalarda ogrencilerin ve isletmelerin muhasebe egitiminden beklentileri, universitelerin sahip oldugu ogretim uyesi, ders sureleri, ve fiziki imkanlar gibi kalite boyutlarinin arastirildigi gorulmektedir.
Parascedosporium and its relatives: phylogeny and ecological trends

The genus Scedosporium and its relatives comprising microascalean anamorphs with slimy conidia were studied. Graphium and Parascedosporium also belong to this complex, while teleomorphs are found in Pseudallescheria, Petriella, Petriellopsis, and Lophotrichus. Species complexes were clearly resolved by rDNA ITS sequencing. Significantly different ecological trends were observed between resolved species aggregates. The Pseudallescheria and Scedosporium prolificans clades were the only lineages with a marked opportunistic potential to mammals, while Petriella species were associated primarily with soil enriched by, e.g. dung. A consistent association with bark beetles was observed in the Graphium clade. The ex-type strain of Rhinocladium lesnei, CBS 108.10 was incorrectly implicated by Vuillemin (1910) in a case of human mycetoma; its sequence was identical to that of the ex-type strain of Parascedosporium tectonae, CBS 127.84.
Sex differences in foreign language text comprehension : The role of interests and prior knowledge

The scores obtained by female students on the national foreign language examinations in the Netherlands have been slightly but consistently lower than those of male students. The present research among 2980 high school students tested the hypothesis that, owing to sex differences in prior knowledge and interests, the topic of a text is an important factor explaining these sex-based differences. To measure prior knowledge, the students' reading and TV habits, academic subject choice, self-reported knowledge, and interest concerning the text topics were assessed. A total of 11 different English reading passages-including 5 texts with a ''male'' topic, and 6 texts with a ''female'' topic-were selected. On all the male reading comprehension measures, and on five of the six female tests, significant differences were found in the expected direction. Moreover, these sex-based differences appeared to be largely due to sex differences in reading habits. Although there was only an indirect relation between the students' reading preference and the text comprehension score on related topics, this study suggests that differences between the sexes in prior knowledge contribute to sex differences in foreign language reading comprehension.
An improved design of optical LIFO buffer with switched delay lines

The lack of optical buffer is still one of the main problems that hinder the development of all optical networks. One approach to this problem is to emulate the behavior of optical buffers by using optical switches and fiber delay lines (SDL). Current works on this topic have demonstrated the feasibility of constructing SDL-based First In First Out (FIFO) buffer, Priority buffer, etc. The Last In First Out (LIFO) buffer is another important network component for congestion control and QoS guarantee, and parallel and cascade architectures have been peoposed for the efficient design of such optical buffer [1], [2]. The recent work in [3] showed that it is possible to use M fiber delay lines (FDLs) to construct a LIFO buffer of size B = (3/2) · 2M/2 − 1 and B = 2(M+1)/2 − 1 when M is even and odd, respectively. In this paper, we improve the work in [3] by providing a more efficient construction of SDL-based optical LIFO buffer. We first show that with a single stage feedback structure consisted of one (M + 1) × (M + 1) crossbar switch and M FDLs connecting M outputs of the crossbar back to M its inputs, we are able to construct a LIFO buffer of size B = 2 · 2M/2 − 2 and B = (3/2) · 2(M+1)/2 − 2 when M is even and odd, respectively. This is achieved through adopting a properly delay length setting for each FDL and a careful packets scheduling among FDLs, as well as exploiting the nice function of simultaneous packet reading and witting a FDL can support. We further show that if we adopt a cascade of smaller switches rather than a single (M+1)×(M+1) big switch, the new LIFO design can be implemented with much lower complexity in terms of the total number of basic 2 × 2 switch elements.
The Parenting Task: Parent's Concerns and Where They Would Seek Help

ABSTRACT Governments are concerned to promote positive parenting but it is difficult to know how and where to target the necessary support. How should we listen to the concerns expressed by parents themselves? Social work and health care professionals and those involved in developing parenting programmes tend to base their interventions on their experiences with families already in crisis. This paper reports on a survey of the views of two groups of parents: a community sample and a small group of parents involved in a young parent's project. Issues, which concern the parents, are identified as well as consideration of which agencies might be best placed to address these. Parents were most likely to approach their children's school or doctor for information, advice, or support. Parents were found to be reluctant to approach social work agencies.
Immunotherapy of house dust mite allergy

ABSTRACT House dust mite (HDM) is a predominant source of indoor aeroallergen worldwide, which induces allergic diseases including allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic asthma, atopic eczema and other allergic skin diseases. Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only potential disease-modifying treatment of HDM allergic subjects. However, AIT remains underused due to no universally accepted allergen standardization and a shortage of rigorous clinical studies to confirm safety and efficacy. With the effort of doctors and researchers in allergy field, efficacy, safety, standardization and strategy of AIT are being continuously developed. This review presents the updated research based on recently published trials and meta-analyses.
Alcohol and ADH2 in Israel: Ashkenazis, Sephardics, and recent Russian immigrants.

OBJECTIVE Jews drink less than other Caucasians and have a higher prevalence of ADH2*2, an allele of an alcohol dehydrogenase gene that protects against heavy drinking. The relationship of ADH2 polymorphisms to lifetime maximum number of drinks per occasion was investigated in recent Russian immigrants to Israel (exposed to heavier drinking in their country of origin), other Israeli Ashkenazis, and Sephardics. METHOD Seventy-five randomly sampled Israelis participated in a structured interview. ADH2 was genotyped for 68 subjects. RESULTS ADH2*2 predicted less drinking; however, associations between ADH2 and drinking appeared to differ across the groups, consistent with differences in environmental exposure to heavy drinking. CONCLUSIONS The findings support a protective effect for ADH2*2 against heavy drinking in Jewish samples but also suggest the importance of environment. Future work should investigate interactions between genes and the environment in larger samples.
SiC BJT driver applied to a 2 kW inverter: Performances and limitations

The control of a SiC bipolar transistor may look like the control of its Si counterpart, but not quite in fact. This paper presents a discrete base driver for a SiC bipolar transistor and validates its performances in ambient temperature while the SiC BJT is operated at high temperature. Performances and limitations of a 2 kW SiC-BJT based inverter are investigated.