Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lck regulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of the T cell receptor subunits and ZAP-70 in murine thymocytes

The Src-family and Syk/ZAP-70 family of protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) are required for T cell receptor (TCR) functions. We provide evidence that the Src-family PTK Lck is responsible for regulating the constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of the TCR zeta subunit in murine thymocytes. Moreover, ligation of the TCR expressed on thymocytes from Lck-deficient mice largely failed to induce the phosphorylation of TCR- zeta, CD3 epsilon, or ZAP-70. In contrast, we find that the TCR-zeta subunit is weakly constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated in peripheral T cells isolated from Lck-null mice. These data suggest that Lck has a functional role in regulation of TCR signal transduction in thymocytes. In peripheral T cells, other Src-family PTKs such as Fyn may partially compensate for the absence of Lck.
Students' choice of college major and their perceived fairness of the procedure: evidence from Turkey

This study investigated the relative influence of factors and persons in college major choice and procedural justice perceptions of 449 undergraduate students enrolled in 1 private and 2 public universities in Turkey. Results showed that students found themselves to be the most influential person in their choice of college major, followed by parents/other family members. With regard to the factors, interest in the subject, guaranteed employment, expected earnings in the field, the university entrance exam score, and a prestigious career were ranked, respectively. Striking differences were found among majors. Findings also suggested that, whereas male and female students' choices were influenced by very similar factors and persons, female students declared more procedural justice.
The complexity of the outer face in arrangements of random segments

We investigate the complexity of the outer face in arrangements of line segments of a fixed length in the plane, drawn uniformly at random within a square. We derive upper bounds on the expected complexity of the outer face, and establish a certain phase transition phenomenon during which the expected complexity of the outer face drops sharply as a function of the total number of segments. In particular we show that up till the phase transition the complexity of the outer face is almost linear in n, and that after the phase transition, the complexity of the outer face is roughly proportional to pn. Our study is motivated by the analysis of a practical point-location algorithm (so-called walk-along-a-line point-location algorithm) and indeed, it explains experimental observations of the behavior of the algorithm on arrangements of random segments.
COMPARISON OF THE ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE AND MORPHINE *

Abstract : DMSO produces analgesia in rats on tests that typically only detect the analgesic effects of potent narcotic analgesic drugs (i.e. the hot-plate and tail-flick tests). There seem to be two components of this analgesic effect; one component related to a local effect and the other component related to a systemic effect. If only the feet are exposed to DMSO, the rat becomes analgesic on the hot-plate and tail-flick. If a greater surface body is exposed, the rat becomes analgesic on both the hot plate and tail flick indicating a central action, because the tail did not come into contact with the DMSO. In one study on patients the authors conclude that the analgesic effect of DMSO arises from a central, not local, analgesic effect. The analgesic effects of DMSO are not consistently blocked by naloxone indicating that these analgesic effects of DMSO are not consistently blocked by naloxone indicating that these analgesic effects of DMSO do not have the same mechanism of action as morphine.
Diagnostic value of neutrophil-lymphocyte and albumin-globulin ratios in canine soft tissue sarcoma.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the ability of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albumin-to-globulin ratio to differentiate soft tissue sarcoma from benign soft tissue tumours. METHODS A retrospective study of pretreatment haematology and biochemistry in dogs diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma or benign soft tissue tumours. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albumin-to-globulin ratio were compared between the two groups. In dogs diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma, the relationship of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albumin-to-globulin ratio to histological tumour grade (I to III) was assessed. RESULTS In the dogs with soft tissue sarcoma (n=22), the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly increased and the albumin-to-globulin ratio decreased compared to those with benign soft tissue tumours (n=14). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albumin-to globulin ratio were not useful as predictors of tumour grade in dogs diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albumin-to globulin ratio may aid with diagnosis and optimal treatment planning. Further investigation into their prognostic implications is warranted.
Threats of Workplace Violence and the Buffering Effect of Social Support

Based on the perspective of the psychological contract, this study among 2,782 constabulary officers tested the hypothesis that threats of workplace violence lead to reduced job investments (i.e., affective organizational commitment and dedication). Multilevel analyses showed negative relationships between threats of workplace violence (individually experienced and as expressed in an unsafe climate) and job investments. Peer support was related to more job investments and buffered an unsafe climate, that is, the negative relationship between an unsafe climate and reduced job investments was stronger for employees with low levels of peer support. Experiencing an unsafe climate at the aggregate level by the cumulative experience of threat by employees can perhaps be thought of as facing a common enemy, and it has been shown that this has consequences for employees' attitudes that can be buffered by peer support.
Changes and challenges in music education: reflections on a Norwegian arts-in-education programme

With a recent research study on a Norwegian arts-in-education programme The Cultural Rucksack as its starting point, this article addresses policy changes in the fields of culture and education and possible implications these could have on music education in schools. Familiar debates on the quality of education and the political measures taken to improve this quality have put the arts under pressure in educational systems. Political commitment to external arts and culture programmes aimed at schools, together with the prominent position given to artists and the field of culture in arts education issues, may bring about fundamental changes in the terms and conditions for music in schools. Addressing the issues of music teacher professionalism, the position of music in general education and the foundations for music education in Norway, this article discusses potential changes and challenges for music education in the wake of these policy changes.
Fibronectin receptors of phagocytes. Characterization of the Arg-Gly- Asp binding proteins of human monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes

We have defined the cell surface molecules of human monocytes and PMN that bind to the chymotryptic cell binding domain of Fn and to a synthetic peptide, KYAVTGRGDS, based on the sequence of Fn, by affinity chromatography. Monocytes express two receptors that differ in their affinity for CBD-Sepharose and peptide-Sepharose, but that both recognize the RGD sequence. Only a single receptor is purified from PMN, which resembles the monocyte surface molecule that binds to peptide-Sepharose. These receptors are not part of the Mac-1, LFA-1, p(150,95) family, but do have homology to the platelet Fn receptor, gpIIb/IIIa. Interestingly, the antigenic crossreactivity between gpIIb/IIIa and the phagocyte receptors purified on peptide-Sepharose is largely in the beta chain of the receptors. The alpha chains appear to be distinct, based on molecular weight, antigenic analysis, and ligand specificity. This receptor also seems to be the surface molecule on monocytes that is critical for phagocytosis enhancement by Fn. Thus, we have defined the phagocyte Fn receptor that transduces the signal for increased phagocytosis by monocytes; it may be a third member of a family of adhesion molecules that includes the gpIIb/IIIa of platelets and the vitronectin receptor of fibroblasts.
Vocational education and training in schools in victoria: an appraisal six years down the track

Abstract This article examines the impact of an initiative designed to integrate vocational education and training in the senior school leaving certificate in the Australian state of Victoria. Drawing on two studies of senior secondary school students conducted by the Educational Outcomes Research Unit at the University of Melbourne, it attempts to assess whether, on the basis of data available to date, the VET in Schools programme has been a success. The article describes the programme's features and the way it has attempted to integrate general and vocational education within a common leaving certificate – the Victorian Certificate of Education. It presents data comparing the attitudes to workplace learning of students enrolled in the VET in Schools programme and students not enrolled in the programme. Finally, it presents data on the labour market and study destinations of students graduating from the programme. The article finds that the programme has been remarkably successful in terms of enrolment growth, positive attitudes to workplace learning and successful transitions to work and further study.
Domestic Violence and Housing Rights: A Reinterpretation of the Right to Housing

This article examines the connections between domestic violence and the right to housing. While much attention has been paid to domestic violence as a violation of civil and political rights, little has been given to its unquestionable links to the socioeconomic conditions surrounding and leading to the violence. The author suggests that the universally accepted human right to housing specifically includes the right to live free from domestic violence; therefore, this right is blatantly violated when domestic violence occurs. The prevention and eradication of domestic violence should consequently start with the protection of women's right to adequate housing. However, an analysis of the currently existing international instruments addressing violence against women, read together with their main interpretations, will disclose their limitation for women's protection from domestic violence. With an almost exclusive focus on civil and political rights, such instruments disregard women's housing and property rights in their provisions and do not protect battered women where they most need it: at home. Thus, the article also identifies some normative challenges and makes some observations about the solutions that require increased study and attention by international organizations and human rights organizations working with women's rights.
Efficient Synthesis of β-Aryl-γ-lactams and Their Resolution with (S)-Naproxen: Preparation of (R)- and (S)-Baclofen

An efficient synthesis of enantiomerically-pure β-aryl-γ-lactams is described. The principal feature of this synthesis is the practical resolution of β-aryl-γ-lactams with (S)-Naproxen. The procedure is based on the Michael addition of nitromethane to benzylidenemalonates, which was easily obtained, followed by the reduction of the γ-nitroester in the presence of Raney nickel and the subsequent saponification/decarboxylation reaction. The utility of this methodology was highlighted by the preparation of enantiomerically-pure (R)- and (S)-Baclofen hydrochloride.
MODELING THE MIXTURE OF IRT AND PATTERN RESPONSES BY A MODIFIED HYBRID MODEL1

This study demonstrates the utility of a HYBRID psychometric model, which incorporates both item response theoretic and latent class models, for detecting test speededness. The model isolates where in a sequence of test items examinee response patterns shift from ones providing reasonable estimates of ability to those best characterized by a random response pattern. The study applied the HYBRID model to three distinct data sets: (1) simulated data representing the performance of 3,000 examinees on a 70-item test; (2) data from a statewide field test (n=5997 of a 40 item reading comprehension test with a fixed time limits; and (3) data from a study of urban university students (n=752) who took a similar 40-item reading comprehension test under varying time limits. The HYBRID model successfully identified “switch points” in examinee's item response patterns in all three data sets. This paper discusses applications of the model used to detect speededness and to provide adjusted estimates of item parameters and examinee abilities.
Utility of Leflunomide in the Treatment of Complex Cytomegalovirus Syndromes

Background. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia that is resistant or refractory to the standard antiviral therapy still constitutes a major threat to high-risk transplant recipients. In addition, multiple CMV recurrences may lead to neutropenia because of repeated courses of therapy with ganciclovir derivatives. Leflunomide, a drug for rheumatoid arthritis, has been reported to have anti-CMV activity. This study reports on its use in 17 transplant recipients with complex CMV syndromes who had failed or were intolerant to other therapies. Methods. Single-center, retrospective study. Clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical record. CMV DNA viral loads were performed by quantitative hybrid capture assay. Results. Leflunomide was initiated after a median of three episodes of CMV viremia, with a mean peak viral load of 245,826 copies/mL. Initial clearance of CMV viremia was observed in 14 of 17 patients (82%), and 9 of 17 (53%) patients achieved a long-term suppression of CMV recurrences. Higher peak viral load and higher viral load at the start of leflunomide therapy were associated with failure to suppress viremia. The duration of leflunomide therapy ranged from 1 to 24 months (median 3.5 months, interquartile range 2.6–7 months), and the mean time to an undetectable CMV-DNA was 1.9 months. Adverse effects included diarrhea (35%), anemia (18%), and increased liver function tests (12%). Conclusions. Leflunomide, alone or in combination, has potential utility in treatment of complex CMV syndromes and in long-term suppression of viremia. The optimal duration of therapy and the balance of risks and benefits are not yet known.
Constructing identities: perceptions and experiences of male primary headteachers

This article presents research undertaken with male headteachers in early years schools within the UK and explores several influential discourses in relation to male headteachers’ identities. The article discusses the ways in which different identities are constructed for headteachers by parents, governors and wider society, and also how a variety of discourses impact on men’s professional lives. It seeks to examine themes inherent in headteachers’ discourses as they reflect upon their roles and experiences within the school context and consider the practice of identity construction. The article notes that tensions are increased as a result of multiple, frequently conflicting identities, for example the pressure to present both distant and caring personae. The article concludes that the role of headship functions to protect men from the denigration to which other male teachers are sometimes subject. However, it may operate to distance them from the closer relationships which they frequently desire. As such the role is characterised by complexity.
Online and free! Ten years of online machine translation: origins, developments, current use and future prospects

Marking the ten-year anniversary of the launch of Babel Fish, the first ever free online machine translation (MT) service that went live on the Internet in late 1997, this paper sketches the background that led to its development, giving an account of its origins and of the early stages of its evolution. Several competitors have entered the field of web-based MT over the last decade, and the paper offers a review of the most significant contributions in the literature with a particular focus on two key issues: firstly, the role that these online MT tools have played in meeting the translation needs of the users, and secondly the impact that they have had on the MT-related industry and business. Information coming from a variety of sources, including data on current usage supplied by the online MT providers themselves for the purposes of this study, testifies to the massive increase in the use of the leading multilingual online MT services over the last ten years. On this basis, the conclusion assesses the future prospects of Internet-based MT.
The other in educational research: some postmodern implications for educational practice, theory, research and professionalism

Abstract This article explores various questions through examining such postmodern thinkers as Derrida, Lacan and, in particular, Levinas. Can educational research be an ethical practice? Should educational research be about putting the other first? What is the responsibility of the educational researcher for the educators' responsibility? What is the place of educational research – does it help or hinder an exploration of the most effective expressions of the educationalist desire to help? Is it possible to bring out the good and the goods? Is it possible to have justice and action? Are most theories merely perpetuating violence? Have educational theories and research with fields of knowledge, territories and ownership of educational subject disciplines replaced traditional thinking? Are we part of the new academic police attempting to control language, thought and culture – appropriating differences? Instead, is there a basis on which educational researchers can assist educators to educate in an embodied way so that they help others not do violence to others? Is it possible for researchers and educators ‘not to interrupt their own and other continuity, not to play roles in which they no longer recognise themselves and whereby they betray not only their commitments, but their own substance? ’ Can our ethical postmodern practice stop educational research from reverting to technique-orientated mechanism of professional vested interests and, instead, find a better way for us all to put the other first?
Family Functioning, Parenting Style, and Child Behavior in Kin Foster Care

Face-to-face interviews with 120 predominantly African American kin caregivers of children in the child welfare system revealed significant associations between family functioning and child behavior problems. Caregivers who reported healthier family functioning tended to report lower levels of behavior problems by the children in their care. Healthier family functioning related to roles and affective involvement were associated with lower levels of child behavior problems, but, surprisingly, less healthy family functioning related to behavior control was also associated with lower levels of child behavior problems. Caregiver ratings of their parenting styles were related to family functioning but not to their ratings of the child's behavioral functioning. Results of this study suggest several implications for child welfare practice and future research.
Onset-Rime Units in Visual Word Recognition in Spanish Normal Readers and Children With Reading Disabilities

This study focuses on the effects of intrasyllabic units on lexical decision performance in normal readers (NR) and children with reading disabilities (RD) in a transparent orthography. Thirty Spanish children (15 NR, 15 with RD) were selected. An experiment was conducted to test whether onset- and rime-like units may be involved in visual word recognition in children with RD in comparison to NR. Previous research using a reading-level-match design has demonstrated that Spanish children with RD have more difficulties in analyzing spoken words into phonemes. Based on this empirical evidence we suggest that children with RD would have more need for larger units (e.g., onset-rime) in visual word recognition; however, NR would not need multiletter units because their phonemic awareness can be helpful in word decoding in a transparent orthography. The findings suggested that Spanish children with RD do not use correspondences based on higher level units such as onsets and rimes in a transparent orthography.
Calcium deficiency-induced secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteopenia are rapidly reversible with calcium supplementation in growing rabbit pups

The reversibility of osteopenia secondary to isolated Ca deficiency (CaDef) is still not clear. We studied the effect of severe CaDef on Ca homeostasis and bone accrual in a ‘hypercalcaemic’ animal, the rabbit, during the post-weaning period and its reversibility on Ca supplementation. Male Belgian 5-week-old rabbit pups were fed CaDef diet (0·026% Ca) for 10 weeks. As compared with those fed with a normal chow diet (0·45% Ca), CaDef pups developed significant hypocalcaemia (P<0·05), hypocalciuria (urinary Ca 76 (sem 12) V 17 (sem 1) mg/l;P<0·005), hypophosphataemia (serum inorganic P 100 (sem 6) V. 65 (sem 4) mg/l; P<0·005), secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) (serum intact parathyroid hormone human equivalent 18·2 (sem 1·4) V. 125·0 (sem 4·5) pg/ml; P<0·001) and elevated serum calcitriol levels (34·0 (sem 3·9) V. 91·0 (sem 1·0) pg/ml; v<0·005). Elevated urinary C-terminal telopeptide of class I collagen (P<0·005) and total serum alkaline phosphatase (P<0·005) suggested increased bone turnover. There was a significantly lower gain in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in the whole body and lumbar spine in vivo, and various sub-regions of the femur and tibia in vitro.Supplementation of adequate Ca (0·45% Ca) after 15 weeks on the normal diet resulted in rapid catch-up growth, and resolution of SHPT. Rapid gain in various BMD and BMC parameters continued at 30 weeks of age, and both were comparable with those in rabbits on a normal diet. We conclude that Ca deficiency-induced SHPT and poor bone accrual in growing rabbit pups are rapidly reversible with Ca supplementation. The present study indicates that early intervention may be a more appropriate window period for human nutritional corrective measures.
Adaptive Massive Access Management for QoS Guarantees in M2M Communications

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications have many applications, such as in smart grid, health monitoring/alerting, and intelligent transportation. Due to unique characteristics that are different from the traditional human-to-human communications, numerous design challenges have to be tackled in M2M. A critical issue is that of dealing with the massive access of machine-type communication (MTC) devices while guaranteeing the desired quality of service (QoS). In this paper, we group MTC devices into clusters based on their QoS requirement. By utilizing the time-controlled M2M feature, we formulate the problem of massive access with QoS guarantee as a queuing problem. We derive an overflow probability estimation model by applying a large deviation principle and then propose an online-measurement-based adaptive massive access management for deciding the amount of resources allocated for each cluster. The proposed method bases the decision on the observed traffic workload with no prior knowledge of its statistics. We conduct the simulations in multicluster scenarios with distinct maximum tolerable delay and corresponding acceptable probability in a long-term evolution system. The simulation results show the adaptability of the proposed massive access management regime to the variations in the traffic workload; thus, it is capable of accommodating dynamic propagation conditions and unknown traffic characteristics, particularly in burst-by-burst communications.