Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuregulin 1-Beta Cytoprotective Role in AML 12 Mouse Hepatocytes Exposed to Pentachlorophenol

Neuregulins are a family of growth factor domain proteins that are structurally related to the epidermal growth factor. Accumulating evidence has shown that neuregulins have cyto- and neuroprotective properties in various cell types. In particular, the neuregulin-1 βeta (NRG1-β) isoform is well documented for its anti-inflammatory properties in rat brain after acute stroke episodes. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an organochlorine compound that has been widely used as a biocide in several industrial, agricultural, and domestic applications. Previous investigations from our laboratory have demonstrated that PCP exerts both cytotoxic and mitogenic effects in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells, primary catfish hepatocytes and AML 12 mouse hepatocytes. We have also shown that in HepG2 cells, PCP has the ability to induce stress genes that may play a role in the molecular events leading to toxicity and tumorigenesis. In the present study, we hypothesize that NRG1-β will exert its cytoprotective effects in PCP-treated AML 12 mouse hepatocytes by its ability to suppress the toxic effects of PCP. To test this hypothesis, we performed the MTT-cell respiration assay to assess cell viability, and Western-blot analysis to assess stress-related proteins as a consequence of PCP exposure. Data obtained from 48 h-viability studies demonstrated a biphasic response; showing a dose-dependent increase in cell viability within the range of 0 to 3.87 μg/mL, and a gradual decrease within the concentration range of 7.75 to 31.0 μg/mL in concomitant treatments of NRG1-β+PCP and PCP. Cell viability percentages indicated that NRG1-β+PCP-treated cells were not significantly impaired, while PCP-treated cells were appreciably affected; suggesting that NRG1-β has the ability to suppress the toxic effects of PCP. Western Blot analysis demonstrated the potential of PCP to induce oxidative stress and inflammatory response (c-fos), growth arrest and DNA damage (GADD153), proteotoxic effects (HSP70), cell cycle arrest as consequence of DNA damage (p53), mitogenic response (cyclin-D1), and apoptosis (caspase-3). NRG1-β exposure attenuated stress-related protein expression in PCP-treated AML 12 mouse hepatocytes. Here we provide clear evidence that NRG1-β exerts cytoprotective effects in AML 12 mouse hepatocytes exposed to PCP.
Central nervous system oxygen toxicity during routine hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

We read the recent article by Hampson and Atik regarding CNS toxicity during HBO2 (1). CNS toxicity has been a concern of specialists in HBO2 therapy for a long time despite its low incidence. In that article, it was very interesting that the role of the equipment used in HBO2 therapy on CNS toxicity was emphasized as a contributing factor to the condition, as being a cause of risk of toxicity. It is obvious that the incidence of CNS toxicity may depend on chamber conditions and treatment protocols. The article cites the study of Welslau in 1996 in which it was reported that out of a population of 107,264 patients, the overall incidence of CNS toxicity was 1 in 6704 (2). In that study, emergency conditions were included. In the present study, the incidence of CNS oxygen toxicity was reported at a rate of 1 in 3388 even though emergency conditions were excluded and it is clear that treatment protocol is a risk factor. The Hampson and Atik results were consistent with those of Welslau only when the same protocol was used. This point makes the importance of the treatment protocol on CNS oxygen toxicity clear. We thought this subject should be stressed more. We would like to summarize our results of 36,500 patient treatments performed in our Hospital between 1996 and 2003. The incidence of CNS toxicity was three seizures in 36,500 patient treatments. Emergency conditions such as DCS, CO poisoning etc. were included. All treatments were carried out in a Galeazzi 17-person multiplace hyperbaric chamber. Our protocol was 90 minutes of oxygen in three 30 minute periods with 5 minutes air breaks at 2.36 ATA for routine sessions. We used US Navy recompression tables to treat DCS. We used 75 minutes of oxygen in three 25 minute periods with 5 minutes air breaks at 2.8 ATA protocol for emergency situations especially gas gangrene and CO poisoning. We used 100% of oxygen via mask for routine therapy. In emergency cases we used a hood, ventilator or mask. The first of the three toxicity cases was a twenty-two year old man with sacral decubitus ulcers. A seizure was seen in the 30 session of HBO2 therapy in the course; then therapy was discontinued. We transferred him to the neurology department where anticonvulsive therapy was carried out and after three days he died from status epilepticus. The second case was a fourteenyear old boy with crush syndrome of the toes of his left foot. In this case, the seizure was
Language learning as a site for belonging: a narrative analysis of Korean adoptee-returnees

Abstract Through analyzing narratives of Korean heritage language (HL) users, this article explores whether and to what degree these language users experience social inclusion and a sense of belonging in Korean society. We expand the field of HL research by investigating the experiences of four Korean-born, US-raised adoptee-returnees who currently reside in Seoul, South Korea and speak Korean as an additional language. We employ ethnographically-informed narrative inquiry by drawing on interviews, observations, and the personal experience of the second author (a member of this community) to explore how adoptee-returnees’ learning of Korean as a HL affects their settlement success, social recognition, and sense of ethnic and cultural belonging in the country of their birth. The participants’ narratives show that they feel distanced by Korean citizens in daily interactions, and that they connect more closely with people on the margins of Korean society, including other Korean adoptees. Despite this apparent lack of social inclusion, adoptee-returnees do claim belonging through their participation in the third place of the adoptee-returnee social network in Seoul in a myriad of ways.
The Routine of Mass Murder in China

Using data obtained from 165 mass murders in China, this research examines the crime of mass murder through a routine activities perspective as it relates to the location of where they occur (rural areas), while taking into consideration the motivation (revenge and profit), and most common weapon (knife) used. This adds to the literature on mass murders and routine activities theory from an area (China) where little academic research has been published regarding this crime.
Phonological Encoding in Monosyllabic and Bisyllabic Mandarin Word Production:Implicit Priming Paradigm Study

A number of different models have been proposed to account for how a word is processed at the stage of phonological encoding.Based on speech error data,Dell's model assumes that the phonological unit includes a phoneme,segment,and syllable.In contrast,Levelt et al.'s model postulates that the phonological unit might include an onset,nucleus,and coda.Previous studies suggest that different languages might have different phonological encoding units in speech production.Moreover,the role of the syllable in production across different languages is still a rather controversial issue.Speech error data in Chinese indicate that the syllable plays a more important role in production in Chinese than it does in English or Dutch.Therefore,using an implicit priming paradigm,the present study investigated the stage of phonological encoding,especially focusing on the role of the syllable in Chinese word production.Four sets of word pairs served as experimental stimuli.Each set consisted of four pairs.The first word of a pair was the cue word,while the second was the response word.In the homogeneous conditions,four response words in a set shared certain phonological properties.For instance,the four response words in a set were 夕阳(sunset,/xi1yang2/),媳妇(wife,/xi2fu1/),喜事(good news,/xi3shi4/),and 细胞(cell,/xi4bao1/),which shared the first syllable.The heterogeneous conditions used the same word pairs,but assigned them to sets in which there were no shared properties.Participants were asked to memorize the sets of four pairs of associated words,after which they were presented with the cue words,and were required to produce the response words.Five different homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions were used in experiments 1 to 5,respectively.Experiments 1 and 2 examined implicit priming for the shared onset and shared rime and tone,respectively,in monosyllabic word production.The results indicated that a reliable shared rime and tone inhibition effect was obtained,but no onset shared facilitation or inhibition effect was observed.Experiments 3,4,and 5 examined implicit priming for the shared syllable,shared tone,and shared syllable and tone,respectively,in bisyllabic word production.The results showed that the shared syllable and the shared syllable and tone produced a significant facilitation effect compared to the heterogeneous condition,whereas no significant priming effect was found in the shared tone homogeneous condition.The results suggest that the syllable alone and the combination of syllable and tone are units of phonological encoding in Chinese word production.The syllable priming effect might occur at the stage of phonological encoding,rather than at the phonetic encoding stage in word production.The tone alone is not one of the units of the phonological encoding stage,and tone functions like stress in English or Dutch and is only a part of the metrical frame in Chinese.
Multiattribute Evaluation of Program Alternatives Within Special Education

This paper reports on the use of multiattribute evaluation techniques for assisting policy and program decision makers in special education in determining program effectiveness and efficiency. Illustrative procedures and techniques are drawn from a case study on the costs, outcomes, and cost-utility of special education programs that serve students with substantial disabilities across three alternative Minnesota administrative structures (i.e., an independent school district, an intermediate school district, and a special education cooperative). Several recommendations are made with regard to the utility of the methodology for both policy and administrative decision makers.
Distinct electrocortical and behavioral evidence for increased attention to threat in generalized anxiety disorder

Background: Neural activity is increasingly used in addition to behavioral measures to study anxiety and attentional biases toward threatening stimuli. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) might be particularly useful because of their excellent temporal resolution. In particular, the late positive potential (LPP) reflects increased attention to emotional stimuli—and was recently found to be larger with increasing state anxiety. This study sought to examine the LPP among individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: Fifteen individuals with GAD and 15 healthy controls (HCs) viewed briefly presented pairs of aversive and neutral pictures that were presented to the left and right of, as well as above and below, fixation on each trial; ERP and behavioral measures were recorded as participants indicated whether the horizontal or vertical image pairs were the same or different. Results: Aversive pictures presented in unattended locations were associated with more errors overall, and this effect was larger in GAD than HC participants. Moreover, aversive targets elicited larger LPPs across all participants; this difference was larger in GAD than HC participants when distracters were neutral. Conclusions: Threatening stimuli presented in both target and distracting spatial locations have a greater impact on GAD than HC participants. Behavioral and ERP measures provide complimentary indices of attention toward threat in GAD. In terms of attentional control theory, behavioral interference indexes impaired processing effectiveness, whereas the LPP might index reduced processing efficiency in GAD. Both measures may provide unique windows onto how increased stimulus‐driven attention to threat impacts and characterizes GAD. Depression and Anxiety, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mental health, sleep quality, drinking motives, and alcohol-related consequences: a path-analytic model.

OBJECTIVE Poor mental health, sleep problems, drinking motivations, and high-risk drinking are prevalent among college students. However, research designed to explicate the interrelationships among these health risk behaviors is lacking. This study was designed to assess the direct and indirect influences of poor mental health (a latent factor consisting of depression, anxiety, and stress) to alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences through the mediators of global sleep quality and drinking motives in a comprehensive model. METHOD Participants were 1,044 heavy-drinking college students (66.3% female) who completed online surveys. RESULTS A hybrid structural equation model tested hypotheses involving relations leading from poor mental health to drinking motives and poorer global sleep quality to drinking outcomes. Results showed that poor mental health significantly predicted all four subscales of drinking motivations (social, coping, conformity, and enhancement) as well as poor sleep. Most of the drinking motives and poor sleep were found to explain alcohol use and negative alcohol consequences. Poor sleep predicted alcohol consequences, even after controlling for all other variables in the model. The hypothesized mediational pathways were examined with tests of indirect effects. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to assess concomitantly the relationships among three vital health-related domains (mental health, sleep behavior, and alcohol risk) in college students. Findings offer important implications for college personnel and interventionists interested in reducing alcohol risk by focusing on alleviating mental health problems and poor sleep quality.
Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation Suppresses the Effect of Melatonin on the Release of LH from the Ovine Pars Tuberalis Explants—Ex Vivo Study

The secretion of the hormone melatonin reliably reflects environmental light conditions. Among numerous actions, in seasonal breeders, melatonin may regulate the secretion of the gonadotropins acting via its corresponding receptors occurring in the Pars Tuberalis (PT). However, it was previously found that the secretory activity of the pituitary may be dependent on the immune status of the animal. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the role of melatonin in the modulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion from the PT explants collected from saline- and endotoxin-treated ewes in the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle. Twelve Blackhead ewes were sacrificed 3 h after injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 400 ng/kg) or saline, and the PTs were collected. Each PT was cut into 4 explants, which were then divided into 4 groups: I, incubated with ‘pure’ medium 199; II, treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (100 pg/mL); III, treated with melatonin (10 nmol/mL); and IV, incubated with GnRH and melatonin. Melatonin reduced (p < 0.05) GnRH-induced secretion of LH only in the PT from saline-treated ewes. Explants collected from LPS-treated ewes were characterized by lower (p < 0.05) GnRH-dependent response in LH release. It was also found that inflammation reduced the gene expression of the GnRH receptor and the MT1 melatonin receptors in the PT. Therefore, it was shown that inflammation affects the melatonin action on LH secretion from the PT, which may be one of the mechanisms via which immune/inflammatory challenges disturb reproduction processes in animals.
When Sarcasm Stings

The use of sarcasm sometimes lessens and sometimes enhances the negativity inherent in a sarcastic statement. Using a realistic conversational format, participants read either a sarcastic or a non-sarcastic aggressive argument between same-gendered interlocutors, and rated the pragmatic goals being expressed using a range of measures taken from previous studies. A factor analysis meaningfully grouped the dependent variables into separate factors, one of which indexed “victimization” and a second of which indexed “relational aggression. ” The sarcastic version was perceived as more victimizing and more relationally aggressive, contrary to the muting hypothesis. Secondary analyses demonstrated that participants perceived the negative comment of the aggressor as more humorous and less aggressive when taking the perspective of the aggressor than when taking the perspective of the victim, and that male participants reported greater use of sarcasm in everyday life, but did not produce more when given the opportunity to do so.
Summary of the multilevel interventions in health care conference.

Patient outcomes are a primary measure by which we assess healthcare delivery quality. Those outcomes are influenced by numerous other factors in the multilevel context of care described in this monograph (1). Factors include policies that enable or impede health-care access, social support from friends and family, processes of health-care teams, organizational procedures in settings where care is delivered, and the environmental context where these behaviors occur. A few years ago, an internal team of researchers at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) within the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences recognized the importance of studying the context in which health care is received to intervene on multiple levels of influence. However, the science of multilevel interventions was in an early stage of development. Thus, the NCI researchers (henceforth “the NCI planning team”) reached out to the extramural community to identify expertise that would help advance this science. The collaborations led to a set of draft articles presented at a conference titled Multilevel Interventions in Health Care: Building a Foundation for Future Research (Las Vegas, NV, March 4–5, 2011). Comments from that conference led to the final articles presented in this issue. The purpose of this article is to describe the relationship between the research articles and the conference to provide richer context for this monograph. We include a summary of the conference events to reflect the complementary development of the articles, to promote more open discussion of the issues among researchers, and to acknowledge the contribution of the meeting participants. In addition, this article summarizes the history behind the conference, its structure, the themes that developed there, and efforts that began after the conference to encourage discussion about multilevel interventions.
Cerebral Atrophy Measurement in Clinically Isolated Syndromes and Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Comparison of Registration‐Based Methods

Background and Purpose. Brain atrophy is a proposed marker of disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Many magnetic resonance imaging‐based methods of atrophy quantification exist, but their relative sensitivity and precision is unclear. Our aim was to compare atrophy rates from the brain boundary shift integral (BBSI), structural image evaluation, using normalization of atrophy (SIENA) (both registration‐based methods) and segmented brain volume difference, in patients with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS), relapsing remitting MS (RRMS), and controls. Methods. Thirty‐seven CIS patients, 30 with early RRMS and 16 controls had T1‐weighted volumetric imaging at baseline and 1 year. Brain atrophy rates were determined using segmented brain volume difference, BBSI, and SIENA. Results. BBSI and SIENA were more precise than subtraction of segmented brain volumes and were more sensitive distinguishing RRMS subjects from controls. A strong correlation was observed between BBSI and SIENA. Atrophy rates were greater in CIS and RRMS subjects than controls (RRMS P < .001). With all methods, significantly greater atrophy rates were observed in CIS patients who developed clinically definite MS relative to subjects who did not. Conclusion. Registration‐based techniques are more precise and sensitive than segmentation‐based methods in measuring brain atrophy, with BBSI and SIENA providing comparable results.
Salience and Self-Inference: The Role of Biased Recollections in Self-Inference Processes

The present research extended the applicability of cognitively based and affectively based self-inference processes into the domain of specific trait inferences. In particular, the salience of past thoughts and feelings or past behaviors vis-a-vis religious matters was manipulated by inducing subjects to agree with a set of cognitive-affective or behavioral statements that were either proreligious or antireligious in nature. Subjects' subsequent self-inferences in the domain of religiousness were then assessed. Relatively “pure” cognitive-affective and behavioral statements were utilized, and differences in the abstractness of these two types of items were controlled by means of identical generic content. Nevertheless, results showed that salient cognitive and affective reactions had more of an impact on subjects' self-inferences than did salient behavioral reactions. Hence, this phenomenon cannot be accounted for by differences in the relative abstractness of thoughts and feelings in contrast to overt be.
Empirical support for problem–solution coevolution in a parametric design environment

Abstract This paper describes the results of a protocol study exploring problem–solution coevolution in a parametric design environment (PDE). The study involved eight participants who completed a defined architectural design task using Rhino and Grasshopper software: a typical PDE. The method of protocol analysis was employed to study the cognitive behaviors that occurred while these designers were working in the PDE. By analyzing the way in which the designers shifted between “problem” and “solution” spaces in the PDE, characteristics of the coevolutionary design process are identified and discussed. Results of this research include two potentially significant observations. First, the coevolution process occurs frequently within the design knowledge level (i.e., when using Rhino) and within the rule algorithm level (i.e., when using Grasshopper) of the parametric design process. Second, the designers’ coevolution process was focused on the design knowledge level at the beginning of the design session, while they focused more on the rule algorithm level toward the end of the design session. These results support an improved understanding of the design process that occurs in PDEs.
A Preliminary Study on Standardizing the K-Bayley- III Expressive Communication Scale

배경 및 목적: 본 연구는 Bayley-III 표현언어척도를 한국형으로 표준화하기 위한 예비연구로서, 한국어 발달 및 한국 문화 특성을 반영하는 한국형 베일리 영유아 발달검사 제3판(K-Bayley-III) 표현언어척도 예비연구본을 제작하고, 문항분석 및 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하여 국내 적용가능성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: Bayley-III 표현언어척도.
EFFICIENT AND EQUITABLE DEPARTURE SCHEDULING IN REAL-TIME : NEW APPROACHES TO OLD PROBLEMS

The efficient scheduling of departure runways is an important part of surface operations planning, with the goa l of increasing the throughput of airports. Departure scheduli ng is a complex problem that needs to address the needs of diverse stakeholders including the airport operators, air traffic c ontrol and the airlines. The challenge lies in optimizing differen t objective functions such as maximizing departure throughput , minimizing average delay, and ensuring fairness among the airl ines, while simultaneously enforcing wake-vortex separation mi i a, safely accommodating active runway crossings by arrival ai rcraft, and complying with downstream flow constraints impos ed by the terminal airspace, in a dynamic and uncertain environ ment. This paper presents a new class of techniques based on dynamic programming that can determine, in real-time, effic i nt departure schedules that satisfy the various upstream and d ownstream constraints imposed on the departure runway system, thereby providing a valuable asset to departure management .