Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Technology and Economic Change: The Impact of The Printing Press

The printing press was the great innovation in early modern information technology, but economists have found no macroeconomic evidence of its impact. This article exploits city-level data. Between 1500 and 1600, European cities where printing presses were established in the 1400s grew 60% faster than otherwise similar cities. Cities that adopted printing in the 1400s had no prior advantage, and the association between adoption and subsequent growth was not due to printers choosing auspicious locations. These findings are supported by regressions that exploit distance from Mainz, Germany--the birthplace of printing--as an instrument for adoption. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.
Sex differences in androgen receptors of the human mamillary bodies are related to endocrine status rather than to sexual orientation or transsexuality.

In a previous study we found androgen receptor (AR) sex differences in several regions throughout the human hypothalamus. Generally, men had stronger nuclear AR immunoreactivity (AR-ir) than women. The strongest nuclear labeling was found in the caudal hypothalamus in the mamillary body complex (MBC), which is known to be involved in aspects of cognition and sexual behavior. The present study was carried out to investigate whether the sex difference in AR-ir of the MBC is related to sexual orientation or gender identity (i.e. the feeling of being male or female) or to circulating levels of androgens, as nuclear AR-ir is known to be up-regulated by androgens. Therefore, we studied the MBC in postmortem brain material from the following groups: young heterosexual men, young homosexual men, aged heterosexual castrated and noncastrated men, castrated and noncastrated transsexuals, young heterosexual women, and a young virilized woman. Nuclear AR-ir did not differ significantly between heterosexual and homosexual men, but was significantly stronger than that in women. A female-like pattern of AR-ir (i.e. no to weak nuclear staining) was observed in 26- to 53-yr-old castrated male-to-female transsexuals and in old castrated and noncastrated men, 67--87 yr of age. In analogy with animal studies showing strong activational effects of androgens on nuclear AR-ir, the present data suggest that nuclear AR-ir in the human MBC is dependent on the presence or absence of circulating levels of androgen. The group data were, moreover, supported by the fact that a male-like AR-ir (i.e. intense nuclear AR-ir) was found in a 36-yr-old bisexual noncastrated male-to-female transsexual and in a heterosexual virilized woman, 46 yr of age, with high levels of circulating testosterone. In conclusion, the sexually dimorphic AR-ir in the MBC seemed to be clearly related to circulating levels of androgens and not to sexual orientation or gender identity. The functional implications of these alterations are discussed in relation to reproduction, cognition, and neuroprotection.
ACCEPTED VERSION OF THE MANUSCRIPT: Analysis of genetic parameters of carcass traits and daily gain of native breed pigs raised in Poland

The aim of the study was to determine genetic parameters of live performance traits in pigs of three native breeds maintained in Poland. As part of the conservation programmes, the Puławska (Puł), Złotnicka White (ZW) and Złotnicka Spotted (ZS) breeds are monitored for productivity based on performance test results of these breeds. The study included 6042 gilts and 2406 boars of the Puławska breed, 866 Złotnicka White gilts, and 903 Złotnicka Spotted gilts. The genetic parameters were estimated separately for each breed, and also separately for sexes in the case of the Puławska breed. The components (co) variance and genetic parameters were estimated using the REML method for the animal model taking into account different combination of fixed and random effects. Convergence of the iterative process was achieved by the selection of AIREML algorithm. The coefficients of genetic and phenotypic correlations between measurements of slaughter traits and daily gain were low for all breed groups. In turn, the relationships between backfat thickness measurements and carcass meat percentage were estimated as high. Only the correlations of slaughter traits with loin eye height were not uniform for the analysed breed groups. The coefficients of heritability (h 2 ) were high and intermediate for all breeds and sexes. The highest heritability coefficients were obtained for daily gain (0.58 in ZW to 0.80 in Puł gilts), followed by backfat
Long-term prevention of criminality in siblings of serious and violent juvenile offenders: a 25-year follow-up to a randomized clinical trial of multisystemic therapy.

OBJECTIVE Family-based treatment models that have shown effectiveness with juvenile offenders may also lead to reduced criminality in siblings of those offenders. However, the lasting effects of such treatments on siblings have not been evaluated. In the present study, the authors examined criminal outcomes for siblings of serious and violent juvenile offenders who had participated on average 25.0 years earlier in a clinical trial of multisystemic therapy (MST; Borduin et al., 1995). METHOD Participants were 129 closest-in-age siblings of individuals who were originally randomized to MST or individual therapy (IT) during adolescence. Arrest and incarceration data were obtained in middle adulthood when siblings were on average 38.4 years old. RESULTS Intent-to-treat analyses showed that arrest rates were significantly lower for siblings in the MST condition than in the IT condition (43.3% vs. 72.0%, respectively). In addition, siblings in the IT condition were about 3 times as likely to be convicted of a felony and more than twice as likely to be sentenced to incarceration and probation. CONCLUSION The present study represents the longest follow-up to date of sibling participants in an MST clinical trial and demonstrates that the positive impact of an evidence-based treatment for serious and violent juvenile offenders can extend to other family members. Implications of the authors' findings for policymakers and service providers are discussed.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTING DATE PALM POLLEN AND ITS AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON FAYOUMI COCKS PERFORMANCE DURING GROWTH PERIOD

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementing date palm pollen (DPP) and it's aqueous extract (DPPE) on Fayoumi cocks growth performance, antioxidant status, immune response, meat quality and economical efficiency. A total number of 180 – day old cocks, were divided to 6 groups, each had 30 chicks in 3 replicates. The 1 group was fed a basal diet (Control group), 2 group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.0125% Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 3 and 4 groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% and 0.3% DPP, respectively and 5 and 6 groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% and 0.3% DPPE, respectively. The growth trail lasted for 12 weeks of age. The results obtained reveal that chicks fed either 0.1% DPP (T3) or 0.1% DPPE (T5) recorded an improvement in final live weight by 4.93% and 2.88% as well as enhancing feed conversion ratio during overall period (1-12 wks) by 6.94% and 2.02% respectively compared to control. While, Newcastle disease virus titer did not affected significantly by any supplementation studied. Chicks fed dietary 0.0125% BHT, 0.1% DPP and 0.1% DPPE recorded significantly lower serum total cholesterol compared to control group. All groups recorded a significant decline in MDA values in chicks' tissue in relative to control. In opposite, total antioxidant capacity in tissue was increased significantly by 5.05% and 7.03% in T3 and T5, respectively relative to the control. Chicks fed 0.0125% BHT, 0.1% DPP and 0.1% DPPE achieved significantly higher hemoglobin values compared to control. Finally, two groups of T3 (0.1% DPP) and T5 (0.1% DPPE) recorded the highest economical return being (118.8%) and (102.15%), respectively compared to control. Conclusion: supplementing Fayoumi cocks diet with either 0.1% DPP or DPPE could enhance performance, antioxidant status, meat quality as well as increasing economical profit.
Effects of a life skills intervention for increasing physical activity in adolescent girls.

BACKGROUND Although adolescence is a time when physical activity levels decline, few interventions have targeted high school-aged girls in the school setting. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a life skills-oriented physical activity intervention for increasing overall physical activity in high school-aged girls. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Baltimore magnet high school. PARTICIPANTS A total of 221 ninth-grade girls, 83.0% of whom were African American. Intervention Participants were randomized to an 8-month physical intervention conducted in physical education class or to a standard physical education class (control). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported estimated daily energy expenditure (physical activity), self-reported sedentary activities (television viewing and computer or Internet use), cardiorespiratory fitness, and selected cardiovascular disease risk factors. RESULTS Intervention classes spent 46.9% of physical education class time in moderate to vigorous activity compared with 30.5% of time for control classes (P<.001). There were no significant between-treatment group differences for mean daily energy expenditure (P = .93), moderate-intensity energy expenditure (P = .77), or hard to very hard energy expenditure (P = .69). The proportion of participants who spent 3 or more hours viewing television during school days declined from 22.3% to 17.0% in the intervention group, but remained at 26.7% for the control group (P = .03). Both groups improved their cardiorespiratory fitness (P<.001). CONCLUSION A life skills-oriented physical education curriculum may need to be combined with other approaches to increase the magnitude of effects on physical activity behavior in predominantly African American high school-aged girls.
The effect of varying the screening interval on false positives and duration of undiagnosed disease in a screening programme for type 2 diabetes

Objectives The aims of this study were to quantify the proportion of people diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes by standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, in a hypothetical screening programme, who would actually be false positives (false positive percentage), and the effect on the false positive percentage of varying the time between repeat screens. We also calculated the duration in person years of exposure to undiagnosed disease in the population for each screening interval. Setting Ely, Cambridgeshire, UK. Methods We used the glucose tolerance data from 965 participants of the Ely Diabetes Project, who were tested 4.5 years apart, to calculate the population's between and within person variance for 2 hour plasma glucose, and constructed a probability matrix of observed v true glucose tolerance categories. The progression of the population between glucose tolerance categories was modelled assuming exponential times to progression. Results After one year, 47.5% of test positives were disease free: almost half of those labelled with diabetes would not have the disease. For a 5 year interval, the false positive percentage was 27.6%, but the population would have been exposed to undiagnosed diabetes for 144 person years. Conclusions Screening can be associated with both benefit and harm; the balance is dependent on characteristics of the disease and the screening programme. This study has quantified the trade off between exposure to undiagnosed diabetes and false positive results to inform the debate about screening for type 2 diabetes.
On the existence of a spectrum of policies that subsumes the least recently used (LRU) and least frequently used (LFU) policies

Sam H. Nohs Sang Lyul Mint t Department of Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 151-742, Korea http://ssrnet.snu. ac.kr http://archi.snu. ac.kr We show that there exists a spectrum of block replacement policies that subsumes both the Least Recently Used (LRU) and the Least Frequently Used (LFU) policies. The spectrum is formed according to how much more weight we give to the recent history than to the older history, and is referred to as the LRFU (Least Recently/Frequently Used) policy. Unlike many previous policies that use limited history to make block replacement decisions, the LRFU policy uses the complete reference history of blocks recorded during their cache residency. Nevertheless, the LRFU requires only a few words for each block to maintain such history. This paper also describes an implementation of the LRFU that again subsumes the LRU and LFU implementations. The LRFU policy is applied to buffer caching, and results from trace-driven simulations show that the LRFU performs better than previously known policies for the workloads we considered. This point is reinforced by results from our integration of the LRFU into the FreeBSD operating system.
Exploring effective notification mechanisms for infected IoT devices

Many Internet of Things (IoT) devices that are currently on the market lack security and therefore many of them got infected with malware to launch powerful distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. Notifications from Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to their customers play a crucial role in the fight to clean up the malware infected IoT devices. It is, however, difficult for the employees of abuse departments to explain how to cleanup an IoT malware infection to a non-technical customer and provide usable action steps to clean up the infection. In particular, because there is no “one size fits all” cleanup solution, due to the heterogeneous nature of the IoT devices. The abuse department of the Dutch ISP KPN would like to know how to notify customers with IoT malware infections and how to explain the cleanup of infected IoT devices to the customers. Therefore, the objective of this research is to make a recommendation to KPN on what notification mechanism to adopt by providing insight into: (1) how to increase the effectiveness of IoT malware notifications from an ISP to its customers in terms of IoT malware cleanup; and (2) how users perceive an IoT malware notification from their ISP. To this end, an experiment has been conducted with 190 retail customers with infected IoT devices to measure the difference in cleanup among IoT malware notifications sent via different channels and with different messages. To explore the reactions of the customers to the different notification mechanisms, telephone interviews have been conducted and the communication logs between KPN and the customers in the experiment have been analysed. We have compared the influence of the notification channel on cleanup and the reactions of customers by comparing customers that received: (1) email notifications; and (2) a combination of walled garden and email notifications. The different notification messages that have been compared in this study include: (1) the walled garden notification content that KPN’s abuse department uses to notify its customers with an IoT malware infection; and (2) a newly composed more actionable walled garden notification message which clearly defines the steps that need to be taken while avoiding technical terms. It is found that a combination of a walled garden and email notification with an actionable content is the most effective in terms of IoT malware cleanup. Furthermore, the walled garden notification is most effective in getting customers to read and react to the IoT malware notification, yet it sometimes results in customers having a low satisfaction with the service they receive. The more actionable notification content results in better understanding and trust from the customer compared to a less actionable content of the notification. However, customers’ understanding of the notification content and the satisfaction with the quarantine event remain a challenge.
WHICH FACTORS MAKE DIGITAL LEARNING PLATFORMS SUCCESSFUL?

Digital and networked technologies infiltrate all aspects of our lives, and thus also how we are consuming and providing knowledge. In particular, digital learning platforms connect the real with the digital place for learning and teaching. They allow for an innovative combination of different learning concepts and learning structures through the consistent use of the possibilities of digitalization. Furthermore, digital learning platforms democratize education because they ensure equal access by heterogeneous user groups through interaction, communication, and sharing of knowledge. Our paper investigates which factors affect the successful use of such platforms for both knowledge consumers and knowledge providers. In particular, we examine the motivations of learners and teachers based on a literature review and an empirical study ( N =486). If all participants are taken into consideration, there are various supporting factors but also obstacles to the successful implementation of digital learning platforms. The main goal behind our approach is to understand and describe what contributes to a successful participation in such platforms. As a next step, these success factors might be translated into a set of requirements for a digital learning platform.
A 6–10 mW Power Amplifier at 290–307.5 GHz in 250 nm InP HBT

A 290-307.5 GHz solid-state power-amplifier MMIC is presented demonstrating 6-10 mW Pout for Pin <; 0.8 mW. PDC is 848 mW. This represents 10-12 dB of large-signal gain across 18 GHz of high-power bandwidth. This 3-stage amplifier has peak 23.5 dB S21 gain at 299 GHz, a 1 dB bandwidth from 292-303 GHz, and a 3 dB bandwidth from 285-306 GHz. A power-cascode cell topology is used for the PA unit cell and 2:1 Wilkinson power combining of these cells (32 um HBT output periphery) achieves the RF powers claimed. The insertion loss demonstrated by the combiner is 0.45-0.5 dB from 255-330 GHz-this improves upon state-of-the-art for on-wafer 2:1 combining at these frequencies by 0.3-0.7 dB. This work represents the first demonstration of a 300 GHz power cascode cell topology with output power and output power density (W/mm) competitive with state-of-the-art PAs with 10 mW Pout.
Cytoplasmic and nuclear parathyroid hormone-related proteins are opposing prognostic factors in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who have undergone curative resection.

OBJECTIVE Parathyroid hormone-like related protein was a prognostic factor for non-small-cell lung cancer, but the results were conflicting. The present study was to examine the role of cytoplasmic and nuclear parathyroid hormone-like related protein in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who have undergone surgical therapy. METHODS The expression of parathyroid hormone-like related protein was examined by immunohistochemical staining in 56 patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer. The impact of parathyroid hormone-like related protein expression on cancer recurrence and survival was assessed in combination with clinicopathologic features. RESULTS Patients with a high expression of cytoplasmic parathyroid hormone-like related protein had a significantly unfavorable prognosis in both disease-free survival (median 16.7 vs. 58.0 months, P = 0.029) and overall survival (median 31.6 months vs. not reached, P = 0.046). In contrast, the patients with high expression of nuclear parathyroid hormone-like related protein had favorable disease-free survival (median 35.1 vs. 19.9 months, P = 0.069) and a significantly better overall survival (median not reached vs. 36.9 months, P = 0.033). There was no correlation between the expression of cytoplasmic and nuclear parathyroid hormone-like related protein (P = 1.00). Furthermore, multivariate analysis using a Cox regression model confirmed that high expression of cytoplasmic parathyroid hormone-like related protein (disease-free survival, hazard ratio: 1.973, P = 0.079; overall survival, hazard ratio: 2.461, P = 0.067) and nuclear parathyroid hormone-like related protein (disease-free survival, hazard ratio: 0.436, P = 0.029; overall survival, hazard ratio: 0.375, P = 0.018) were independently prognostic factors for disease-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSION Cytoplasmic and nuclear parathyroid hormone-like related protein play opposing prognostic roles for the disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with early non-small-cell lung cancer who have undergone curative resection.
The Drosophila homeotic target gene centrosomin (cnn) encodes a novel centrosomal protein with leucine zippers and maps to a genomic region required for midgut morphogenesis.

The products of the homeotic genes in Drosophila are transcription factors that are necessary to impose regional identity along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing embryo. However, the target genes under homeotic regulation that control this developmental process are largely unknown. We have utilized an immunopurification method to clone target genes of the Antennapedia protein (ANTP). We present here the characterization of centrosomin (cnn), one of the target genes isolated using this approach. The spatial and temporal expression of the cnn gene in the developing visceral mesoderm (VM) of the midgut and the central nervous system (CNS) of wild-type and homeotic mutant embryos is consistent with the idea that cnn is a homeotic target. In the VM, Antp and abdominal-A (abd-A) negatively regulate cnn, while Ultrabithorax (Ubx) shows positive regulation. In the CNS, cnn is regulated positively by Antp and negatively by Ubx and abd-A. Characterization of a cDNA encoding CNN predicts a novel structural protein with three leucine zipper motifs and several coiled-coil domains exhibiting limited homology to the rod portion of myosin. Immunocytochemical results demonstrate that the cnn encoded protein is localized to the centrosome and the accumulation pattern is coupled to the nuclear and centrosome duplication cycles of cleavage. In addition, evidence suggests that the expression of the cnn gene in the VM correlates with the morphogenetic function of Ubx in that tissue, i.e., the formation of the second midgut construction. The centrosomal localization of CNN and the involvement of microtubules in midgut morphogenesis suggest that this protein may participate in mitotic spindle assembly and the mechanics of morphogenesis through an interaction with microtubules, either directly or indirectly.
In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer during natural cycles.

OBJECTIVE To report the results of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET) performed during natural cycles. STUDY DESIGN A prospective clinical study. RESULTS Thirty-two cycles were started in 19 patients who had regular ovulatory cycles and tubal factors or unexplained infertility only as the cause of infertility. Egg collection was performed in 12 cycles, and four pregnancies resulted from ET in eight cycles. The pregnancy rates were 12.5% per cycle initiated, 33.3% per retrieval cycle and 50% per transfer. CONCLUSION Natural cycle IVF/ET offers a low-cost alternative to patients with infertility.