Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of the ubiquitin-binding domain of Polη in Rad18-independent translesion DNA synthesis in human cell extracts

In eukaryotic cells, the Rad6/Rad18-dependent monoubiquitination of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) plays an essential role in the switching between replication and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). The DNA polymerase Polη binds to PCNA via a consensus C-terminal PCNA-interacting protein (PIP) motif. It also specifically interacts with monoubiquitinated PCNA thanks to a recently identified ubiquitin-binding domain (UBZ). To investigate whether the TLS activity of Polη is always coupled to PCNA monoubiquitination, we monitor the ability of cell-free extracts to perform DNA synthesis across different types of lesions. We observe that a cis-syn cyclobutane thymine dimer (TT-CPD), but not a N-2-acetylaminofluorene-guanine (G-AAF) adduct, is efficiently bypassed in extracts from Rad18-deficient cells, thus demonstrating the existence of a Polη-dependent and Rad18-independent TLS pathway. In addition, by complementing Polη-deficient cells with PIP and UBZ mutants, we show that each of these domains contributes to Polη activity. The finding that the bypass of a CPD lesion in vitro does not require Ub-PCNA but nevertheless depends on the UBZ domain of Polη, reveals that this domain may play a novel role in the TLS process that is not related to the monoubiquitination status of PCNA.
The impact of family cohesion on behavioral board processes: an examination of family firm heterogeneity

This study examines variations across family firms in behavioral board processes. We present a framework which clarifies how control on the one hand, and trust as a facilitator of advice on the other, can be employed in a complementary manner by boards in their relationship with the CEO. Building on this framework, we develop hypotheses on the association between family cohesion and these behavioral processes within family firm boards. The empirical results suggest that boards operating under cohesive family bonds to the CEO have a better understanding of those domains where the CEO is trustworthy and of those domains where control is required. Moreover, cohesive family bonds appear to stimulate advice interactions between the board and the CEO. A downside of strong family cohesion seems to be its negative influence on the effectiveness of the control exercised by boards over the family CEO.
Reconstruction Schemes for High Quality Raycasting of the Body-Centered Cubic Grid

The body-centered cubic (BCC) grid has received attention in the volume visualization community recently due to its ability to represent the same data with almost 30% fewer samples as compared to the Cartesian cubic (CC) grid. In this paper we present several resampling strategies for raycasting BCC grids. These strategies range from 2D interpolation in planes to piece-wise linear (barycentric) interpolation in a tetrahedral decomposition of the grid to trilinear and sheared trilinear interpolation. We compare them to raycasting with comparable resampling techniques in the commonly used CC grid in terms of computational complexity and visual quality.
Spaces of Violence and (In)justice in Haiti: A Critical Legal Geography Perspective on Rape, UN Peacekeeping, and the United Nations Status of Forces Agreement

Abstract The UN has no standing military forces and borrows troops and police to create UN peacekeeping forces for deployment into emergency situations. The countries that contribute these forces retain jurisdictional control over those individuals, such that neither the UN nor the state receiving peacekeeping forces may prosecute them for alleged crimes committed while they are deployed. This paper examines spaces of violence associated with the rape of civilians by UN peacekeeping forces in Haiti. We consider how the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA), by which troop-contributing countries retain jurisdiction over their troops, create legal spaces in which victims and their home countries are marginalized from legal procedure and justice. A critical legal geography perspective, and insights on the practical application of jurisdiction provide a useful lens for assessing assemblages of violence and the spatial dissonance of justice illustrated by two case studies of civilian rape by UN peacekeeping forces. Although this legal arrangement makes sense according to the logic of international security, we conclude that the legal framework of UN SOFAs should be reconsidered to increase the potential for justice for survivors of rape by peacekeepers.
Leptospirosis among river water rafters in Satoon, southern Thailand.

OBJECTIVE To assess epidemiology and risk factors for leptospirosis infection among the rafting participants in southern Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD Prospective observation of the patients who participated in rafting in southern Thailand was conducted between January and December 2010. Demographic, clinical data as well as potential risk factors were collected Indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for specific leptospirosis IgG detection were examined immediately after rafting and two to three weeks after first samples. Microagglutination Test (MAT) was performed to confirm diagnosis in cases with seroconversion. RESULTS One hundred fifty eight rafting participants enrolled to the present study of which 150 complied with the protocol and were analyzed Eleven patients had serological evidence of leptospirosis infection accounting for 7.3% while only three patients were symptomatic. Various serovars are responsible for infection while serovar Icterohemorrhagiae is most common. Persistence of abrasion wound/laceration wound were likely to be risk factors for infection with p < 0.05. CONCLUSION The laboratory findings in the present study demonstrated that leptospirosis was associated with rafting and a contaminated environment.
Research on Software Trust Analysis Based on Behavior

SUMMARY In this paper, we propose a new trusted modeling approach based on state graphs. We introduce a novel method of deriving state-layer from a system call sequence in terms of probability and statistics theory, and we identify the state sequence with the help of Hidden Markov Model (HMM). We generate state transition graph according to software executing process and pruning rules. Then, we separate local function graphs according to software speciﬁc functions by semantic analysis. The state-layer is a bridge between the basic behaviors and the upper layer functions of software to compensate semantic faults. In addition, a pruning strategy of formulating state graphs is designed to precisely describe each piece of software functions. Finally, a detecting system based on our model is proposed, and a case study of RSS software reveals how our system works. The results demonstrate that our trusted model describes software behaviors successfully and can well detect un-trust behaviors, anomaly behaviors, and illegal input behaviors. key words: trust, software behavior, system
The Portuguese version of the Basic Empathy Scale (BES): Dimensionality and measurement invariance in a community adolescent sample

Abstract Empathy is the heightened ability to cognitively perceive and/or affectively share the emotions of others, which has been consistently associated with desirable social interactions. This paper aimed to test the bi-factorial structure of a Portuguese version of the Basic Empathy Scale and examine its variation by gender and age using a large community sample (n = 1029) of adolescents. The two-factor model, originally developed and supported by other cross-cultural validations, presented good fit indicators which was similar across genders and adolescent age groups. Girls were more empathic than boys and younger adolescents were more empathic than the older ones. Further support for the validity of the new scale comes from its relations to measures of social skills and aggression which were similar to theoretical predictions. In conclusion, the Portuguese version of the BES is a consistent and valid instrument for the assessment of empathy in samples of adolescents aged 12–18 years old in Portugal, which can now be used in cross-cultural studies of this important psychological construct.
A Corpus-Based Functional Analysis of Complex Nominal Groups in Written Business Discourse: The Case of "Business"

This paper uses a case study approach to explore the internal structure of complex nominal groups in written business discourse. A one-million word corpus of banks' corporate annual reports was compiled, and complex nominal groups with business as head noun were analyzed in terms of functions and logical relationships. The analysis shows that in the business English texts, complex nominal groups have distinctive functional and logical structures as well as particular patterns of co-occurrences among multiple premodification. Classification was found to be the main function of the experiential structure, with sub-modification used for further specifying the head referent. The co-occurrences of premodifiers also show the tendencies of functional associations underlying the configuration of the experiential structure. These findings suggest the distinctive register features of the informational writing in the written business discourse. The paper concludes with pedagogical implications of the findings for the teaching of business English to language learners.
Economic Impacts of Immigration : A Survey Sari Pekkala

This paper surveys recent empirical studies on the economic impacts of immigration. The survey rst examines the magnitude of immigration as an economic phenomenon in various host countries. The second part deals with the assimilation of immigrant workers into host-country labor markets and concomitant e¤ects for natives. The paper then turns to immigrations impact for the public nances of host countries. The nal section considers emerging topics in the study of immigration. The survey particularly emphasizes the recent experiences of Northern Europe and Scandinavia and relevant lessons from traditional destination countries like the US. JEL Classi cation: H53, J23, J31, J61, J68. Key Words: immigration, assimilation, employment, unemployment, earnings, social bene ts, welfare, labor market outcomes, public sector. Comments are appreciated and can be sent to sari.pekkala@gmail.com and wkerr@hbs.edu. The authors are grateful to David Autor, Jennifer Hunt, Robert E.B. Lucas, and Mark Partridge for helpful comments. This research was funded in Finland by the Ministry of Labour, Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Social A¤airs and Health, the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities, and The Finnish National Fund for Research and Development (Sitra). Part of the research was conducted while Sari Kerr was on sabbatical graciously funded by the Yrjö Jahnsson foundation. Additional support through Harvard Business School Research is gratefully acknowledged. An earlier version of this survey was circulated as VATT Working Paper 362 by Sari Pekkala.
Beneficial effects of metformin on primary cardiomyocytes via activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase.

BACKGROUND Metformin has become a cornerstone in the treatment of patients with type-2 diabetes. Accumulated evidence suggests that metformin supports direct cardiovascular effects. The present study aimed to investigate if metformin has beneficial effects on primary cardiomyocytes damaged by H2O2, and reveal the potential mechanism of action of metformin. METHODS Cardiomyocytes were incubated in the presence of 100 µmol/L H2O2 for 12 hours. Cardiomyocytes were pretreated with metformin at different concentrations and time and with aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) (500 µmol/L), an adenosine monophophate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist for 60 minutes before the addition of H2O2. Other cells were preincubated with compound C (an AMPK antagonist, 20 µmol/L) for 4 hours. The viability and apoptosis of cells were analyzed. AMPK, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 were analyzed using immunblotting. RESULTS Metformin had antagonistic effects on the influences of H2O2 on cell viability and attenuated oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Metformin also increased phosphorylation of AMPK and eNOS, and reduced the expression of TGF-β1, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. CONCLUSIONS Metformin has beneficial effects on cardiomyocytes, and this effect involves activation of the AMPK-eNOS pathway. Metformin may be potentially beneficial for the treatment of heart disease.
Optimal Nerve Growth Factor Trophic Signals Mediated by Synergy of TrkA and p75 Receptor-Specific Ligands

Nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor-mediated signaling was studied using specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as ligands that discriminate between the receptors TrkA and p75. mAb-induced trophic signals were compared with the signals of the natural ligand NGF. In cells expressing TrkA but no p75 receptors (TrkA+p75−), binding of TrkA with mAb 5C3 leads to optimal signals. In cells expressing both TrkA and p75 (TrkA+ p75+), binding of TrkA with mAb 5C3 leads to significant but suboptimal signals, and optimal trophic signals are obtained by concomitant binding of TrkA and p75 with mAbs 5C3 and MC192. In TrkA+p75+ cells, binding of anti-p75 mAb MC192 also enhances the trophic effect of suboptimal concentrations of NGF. In contrast, in cells expressing p75 receptors singly (TrkA− p75+), binding with mAb MC192 or NGF causes very limited or no trophic effects. Thus, the data support the hypothesis that unbound p75 may modulate TrkA trophic signals. Importantly, the data also demonstrate for the first time that in multireceptor systems appropriate combinations of anti-receptor mAbs can fully mimic the signals of a polypeptide growth factor.
Aerosol size confines climate response to volcanic super‐eruptions

Extremely large volcanic eruptions have been linked to global climate change, biotic turnover, and, for the Younger Toba Tuff (YTT) eruption 74,000 years ago, near‐extinction of modern humans. One of the largest uncertainties of the climate effects involves evolution and growth of aerosol particles. A huge atmospheric concentration of sulfate causes higher collision rates, larger particle sizes, and rapid fall out, which in turn greatly affects radiative feedbacks. We address this key process by incorporating the effects of aerosol microphysical processes into an Earth System Model. The temperature response is shorter (9–10 years) and three times weaker (−3.5 K at maximum globally) than estimated before, although cooling could still have reached −12 K in some midlatitude continental regions after one year. The smaller response, plus its geographic patchiness, suggests that most biota may have escaped threshold extinction pressures from the eruption.
Investigating Reported Data Practices in Early Childhood

The importance of collecting and using data for educational decision making is clear. However, little information has been gathered about the systematic collection and use of data in early childhood. The purpose of this study was to explore teacher perceptions of data collection practices in early childhood. Participants included 137 early childhood professionals from five programs. Participants completed an online survey on current methods for data collection, analysis, and use, as well as if systems were in place, to support specific types of activities. The early childhood professionals who participated in the survey indicated that the vast majority of the items related to data collection practices were important; interestingly, overall importance ratings were higher than overall frequency items for all practices. The findings, limitations, and contributions to the literature are discussed.
Aesthetic Responses to Repetition in Unfamiliar Music

Listeners who lacked special expertise in contemporary art music were presented with 1-minute excerpts of music by Luciano Berio and Elliott Carter in either their original, unaltered versions or in modified versions such that segments within the excerpt repeated immediately or after a delay. They were asked to rate each excerpt's enjoyability, interest, and artistry on 7-point Likert-like scales. Listeners rated the excerpts in both repetition conditions as more enjoyable, interesting, and artistic than the original, unaltered versions, suggesting that repetitiveness is an important factor in aesthetic responses to unfamiliar styles.
Disability in the Workplace

Similar to other identities, disability identity can be complex and exist at varying levels of integration with other identities, including an occupational identity. Yet existing empirical research in the management and social science literature on disability in the workplace reveals a lack of appreciation for the complexity of disability identity. In the following review, we move toward a broader conceptualization of disability identity in the workplace by integrating theoretical perspectives on disability identity across disciplines with existing research on disability-related experiences in the workplace. We propose that a worker’s decision to adopt a disability identity in the workplace depends on various factors that function at the intraindividual, interpersonal, organizational, and societal levels. We then draw on a more complex conceptualization of disability identity to inform existing research on disclosure and requests for accommodations, worker safety and well-being, and understanding responses to employment opportunities among workers with disabilities. Finally, we recommend several new avenues of research incorporating a broader view of disability identity and recommend organizational practices that are informed by a dynamic identity perspective.
Validation of the Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Cancer Module.

OBJECTIVE The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Cancer Module were investigated. METHODS This instrument and the Generic Core Scales were administered to 359 pediatric patients with cancer (5-18 years) and 413 parents of such patients (2-18 years old). RESULTS Seven and eight factors were, respectively, identified for the patient and parent versions. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were respectively . 89 and . 92 for the total scale, and respectively . 75-. 90 and . 76-. 93 for the subscales of the patient and parent versions. Test-retest reliability coefficients exceeded . 60 for most cases. The total/subscale scores of the Cancer Module significantly correlated with those of the Generic Core Scales. Some of the subscales could distinguish between on-treatment and off-treatment patients. CONCLUSIONS The psychometric properties of the patient and parent versions of the Chinese PedsQL Cancer Module were found acceptable.
Distraction, Exposure Therapy, Counterconditioning, and Topical Anesthetic for Acute Pain Management During Needle Sticks in Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

A behavior therapy approach for obtaining cooperation during needle sticks was provided to 8 pediatric patients with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Therapy was provided during mock needle sticks. Hand lotion was applied to simulate topical anesthetic. Distracting activities established relaxation while needle stick materials were gradually introduced. Positive reinforcement was provided for cooperation. Behavioral distress was ignored, blocked, or redirected. After cooperating with mock needle sticks, needle sites were prepared with topical anesthetic (EMLA), then therapists and medical staff implemented the behavioral protocol while completing the actual needle stick(s). Observational measures of cooperation and interfering were obtained. Results were replicated across 8 children and evaluated using paired samples t tests. Initially, all children were uncooperative with needle sticks. With treatment, behavioral distress decreased, and patients cooperated with mock and actual needle sticks. Results support the effectiveness of behavior therapy for promoting cooperation in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities during needle sticks.
Message Passing Algorithms for Upper and Lower Bounding the Coded Modulation Capacity in a Large-Scale Linear System

The coded modulation (CM) capacity represents the maximum achievable data rate for a CM scheme assuming optimal decoding at the receiver. It is an important analytical tool, providing theoretic limits for near-optimum transceiver design. Next generation wireless communications systems with the use of new technologies, such as massive antennas and nonorthogonal waveforms, tend to be large scale. However, the conventional ways developed for evaluating the CM capacity of small-scale systems expose exponential complexity with respect to the system's input dimension. Therefore, they become infeasible when the input dimension increases by one or two orders of magnitude in large-scale systems of interest. This letter resorts to a lower and upper bound of the CM capacity, allowing for a computationally efficient evaluation with polynomial complexity. In particular, two message passing algorithms, namely expectation propagation (EP) and variational message passing (VMP), are applied to evaluate the bounds. Two applications are examined in the end. The presented results bring valuable information about the system design, allowing one to evaluate the impact of suboptimal implementation in the overall system performance.
Gigantic Cutaneous Horns of the Scalp: Lesions With a Gross Similarity to the Horns of Animals: A Report of Four Cases

Gigantic cutaneous horns, grossly similar to the horns seen in animals, are exceedingly rare in humans. After finding one case in practice, we searched our departmental files for similar cases and examined them grossly and microscopically. Four cases were identified. All occurred as solitary lesions in older women on the parietal–occipital region of the scalp. They had a growth history of up to 30 years; the women hid these horns in their hair. Grossly, the horns were yellow–grey, and there were shallow furrows running along the length of the horns. The length ranged from 17 to 25 cm, and the width was up to 2.5 cm. All four lesions showed similar histologic changes. Microscopically, the gigantic horns consisted of a mixture of squamous epithelial cells and tricholemmal keratinized debris. In one case the base of the horn was directly connected with a mass composed of benign tricholemmal cysts of the scalp. Mitoses were common, but atypical mitoses were not observed. The nuclei of the squamous cells were bland without pleomorphism, hyperchromasia, or atypia. Follow-up of all patients was uneventful: all patients were well and without signs of recurrence or metastasis 2–15 years after the surgical excision. Gigantic cutaneous horns are rare and benign. We think that they represent an extremely well-differentiated variant of proliferating tricholemmal tumor with an unusual and remarkable gross pattern.