Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Extrusion Conditions on the Physicochemical Properties of Extruded Red Ginseng

The effects of variable moisture content, screw speed and barrel temperature on the physicochemical properties of red ginseng powder extrudates were investigated. The raw red ginseng powders were processed in a co-rotating intermeshing twin-screw extruder. Primary extrusion variables were feed moisture content (20 and 30%), screw speed (200 and 250 rpm) and barrel temperature (115 and 130°C). Extruded red ginseng showed higher crude saponin contents (6.72~7.18%) than raw red ginseng (5.50%). Tested extrusion conditions did not significantly affect the crude saponin content of extrudates. Increased feed moisture content resulted in increased bulk density, specific length, water absorption index (WAI), breaking strength, elastic modulus and crude protein content and decreased water solubility index (WSI) and expansion (p<0.05). Increased barrel temperature resulted in increased total sugar content, but decreased reducing sugar content in the extrudate (p<0.05). Furthermore, increased barrel temperature resulted in increased amino acid content and specific length and decreased expansion and bulk density of extrudates only at a higher feed moisture content. The physicochemical properties of extrudates were mainly dependent on the feed moisture content and barrel temperature, whereas the screw speed showed a lesser effect. These results will be used to help define optimized process conditions for controlling and predicting qualities and characteristics of extruded red ginseng.
Molecular identification of Mycoplasma synoviae from seroprevalent commercial breeder farms at Chittagong district, Bangladesh

Aim: Worldwide, Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is an important pathogen of poultry, especially for chicken and turkey. It causes respiratory tract infection and infectious sinusitis. The study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of MS infection with associated risk factors and identification of MS organism in unvaccinated flocks of commercial breeder farms of the Chittagong district, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 365 serum samples were collected and tested for MS using serum plate agglutination (SPA) test for determination of MS seroprevalence. On the other hand, tracheal swabs were collected from each seropositive flocks for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the presence of MS organism. Results: Among the farms, the highest prevalence was found to be 69% and the lowest prevalence was 28% with the average 60%. The seroprevalence of MS infection in breeder farms was highest 70% with the flock size >10,000 birds, whereas it was lowest 57% in the flocks ranging from 4000 to 7000. According to age group, the prevalence was found highest 70% in >60 weeks age group of birds and lowest 42% in 10-19 weeks group. The seroprevalence of MS in winter season was found as highest as 64%, whereas it was found lowest 60% in the summer season. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) among the seroprevalence of MS in different breeder farms, flock size, and age groups, but there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the winter, summer, and rainy season. To confirm the presence of MS in the samples, PCR test was applied using specific primers to amplify a 214 bp region of the 16S rRNA gene of the organism. In PCR, all seropositive flocks showed a positive result for MS. Conclusion: As the plate agglutination test result showed 100% similar with PCR result, it can be suggested that agglutination test is better than molecular and culture techniques for MS detection and it is also cheaper and less time-consuming method.
Current issues in mentoring

The article provides an overview of current issues in mentoring. After drawing on suggestions from participants at a mentoring conference, the article moves on to examine some key emerging questions concerning the value of formal mentoring, the role of training and the experience of mentroing in different countries. The article concludes with a consideration of methodology and how we can come to know what people’s experience is of mentoring.
Urban Regeneration in the Post-Socialist Context: Budapest and the Search for a Social Dimension

Based on a case study of Budapest, the authors discuss how regeneration strategies are being negotiated within post-socialist transformation contexts. Post-socialist transformation is in many ways a pronounced case of globalization and accommodation to market-driven logics of urban development. The example of regeneration strategies in Budapest highlights many of the contradictions involved in realizing socially sustainable and integrated regeneration strategies in post-socialist countries. Weak levels of state intervention, institutional fragmentation and powerful market incentives to promote speculative redevelopment tend to hinder the emergence of an affective social dimension. At the same time, the case studies presented here also provide evidence for incremental processes of learning that reflect local socio-spatial realities as well as “grander” designs of urban regeneration. This essay thus addresses processes of experimentation that are taking place in Budapest within a tense political space characterized by market-driven redevelopment, administrative fragmentation, autocratic governing styles and new multiactor approaches—partly funded by the European Union—to socially inclusive regeneration.
Demographic and High-Risk Behaviors associated with HPV and HPV Vaccine Awareness among Persons Aged 15-74 Years in Puerto Rico.

OBJECTIVE Studies of human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness in Puerto Rico (PR) are limited and are of interest given low HPV vaccine uptake in this population. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine factors associated to HPV and HPV vaccine awareness among persons aged 15-74 years living in Puerto Rico. METHODS We analysed data from a sub-sample of 1,476 men and women who participated in a 2008 population-based island-wide household survey and who completed an HPV module. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with HPV and HPV vaccine awareness. RESULTS Overall, 37.2% of participants had heard about HPV and 33.4% had heard of the vaccine. Multivariate logistic regression showed that women were more likely to have heard of HPV (OR adjusted: 4.54; 95% CI=3.45, 5.98) or of the HPV vaccine (OR adjusted: 6.15; 95% CI=4.50, 8.40) as compared to men. HPV awareness was also lower among older adults, persons with lower income and with lower educational attainment, those without children and smokers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In 2008, two years after the introduction of the first HPV vaccine in PR and the US, public awareness about HPV infection and the HPV vaccine was lower in Hispanics in PR as compared to other populations. Identified high-risk populations should be targeted in preventive care strategies. Future efforts should increase HPV knowledge and vaccine use in this population in order to maximize the impact of vaccination programs.
Investigations of temperament at three to seven years: the Children's Behavior Questionnaire.

This article reviews evidence on the reliability and validity of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), and presents CBQ data on the structure of temperament in childhood. The CBQ is a caregiver report measure designed to provide a detailed assessment of temperament in children 3 to 7 years of age. Individual differences are assessed on 15 primary temperament characteristics: Positive Anticipation, Smiling/Laughter, High Intensity Pleasure, Activity Level, Impulsivity, Shyness, Discomfort, Fear, Anger/Frustration, Sadness, Soothability, Inhibitory Control, Attentional Focusing, Low Intensity Pleasure, and Perceptual Sensitivity. Factor analyses of CBQ scales reliably recover a three-factor solution indicating three broad dimensions of temperament: Extraversion/Surgency, Negative Affectivity, and Effortful Control. This three-factor solution also appears to be reliably recovered in ratings of children in other cultures (e.g., China and Japan). Evidence for convergent validity derives from confirmation of hypothesized relations between temperament and socialization-relevant traits. In addition, parental agreement on CBQ ratings is substantial. The CBQ scales demonstrate adequate internal consistency, and may be used in studies requiring a highly differentiated yet integrated measure of temperament for children in this age range.
Personality of young drivers in Oman: Relationship to risky driving behaviors and crash involvement among Sultan Qaboos University students

ABSTRACT Objective: Drivers’ behaviors such as violations and errors have been demonstrated to predict crash involvement among young Omani drivers. However, there is a dearth of studies linking risky driving behaviors to the personality of young drivers. The aim of the present study was to assess such traits within a sample of young Omani drivers (as measured through the behavioral inhibition system [BIS] and the behavioral activation system [BAS]) and determine links with aberrant driving behaviors and self-reported crash involvement. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sultan Qaboos University that targeted all licensed Omani's undergraduate students. A total of 529 randomly selected students completed the self-reported questionnaire that included an assessment of driving behaviors (e.g., Driver Behaviour Questionnaire, DBQ) as well as the BIS/BAS measures. Results: A total of 237 participants (44.8%) reported involvement in at least one crash since being licensed. Young drivers with lower BIS–Anxiety scores and higher BAS–Fun Seeking tendencies as well as male drivers were more likely to report driving violations. Statistically significant gender differences were observed on all BIS and BAS subscales (except for BAS–Fun) and the DBQ subscales, because males reported higher trait scores. Though personality traits were related to aberrant driving behaviors at the bivariate level, the constructs were not predictive of engaging in violations or errors. Furthermore, consistent with previous research, a supplementary multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only driving experience was predictive of crash involvement. Conclusions: The findings highlight that though personality traits influence self-reported driving styles (and differ between the genders), the relationship with crash involvement is not as clear. This article further outlines the key findings of the study in regards to understanding core psychological constructs that increase crash risk.
Conflicts between Socialist States

Many Soviet and marxist authors have attempted to demonstrate the impossibility of 'antagonistic conflicts' (including wars) between socialist states. Nevertheless, the first application of military force in relations between states governed by communist parties took place about sixty years ago when a Red Army regiment invaded Tannu-Tuva. So far there have been two outright wars between socialist states. This article studies in detail eleven conflictual dyads among the socialist countries after 1945 The USSR is the most frequent participant and most conflicts were related to the smaller countries' dependent relations with the socialist superpower. A majority of them also have roots in pre-revolutionary politics. The lack of a machinery for conflict resolution among the socialist states has contributed to a resort to arms. The socialist countries have also been unwilling to turn to independent international arbitration. However, the socialist versus non-socialist dichotomy is gradually losing its saliency. In the long run a transition to communism in a Marxian sense may provide a reconciliation between Marx and the Kantian belief that international political democracy is a precondition for international peace
An Elementary School Violence Prevention Program

Abstract This article details the implementation and empirical evaluation of an elementary school violence program. The problem of school violence and the significance and focus of the study are discussed. The general research question in this study was to examine the potential for a computer-mediated anger management program to enhance or improve the conflict resolution skills of youth with aggressive behavior problems in an elementary school setting. This study employed an 8-week computer-mediated anger management program, called SMART Talk (Students Managing Anger Resolution Together), for teaching conflict resolutions skills. This program was derived from a meta-analysis (Scheckner et al., 2002) due to its large effect size, statistical significance, and computer-mediated execution in order to verify past results with a more specifically defined population of at-risk (i.e., aggressive) students. Overall, the results suggest that participants in the intervention group significantly reported more intentions to use nonviolent strategies in a future conflict than students in the control group. Further research is recommended in order to assess the replicability of this study to other populations. Recommendations include longer intervention duration, larger sample size, multiple school settings, and multi-systemic implementation (i.e., teacher and parent workshops) as well as longitudinal studies.
The Role of an Interactive Book Reading Program in the Development of Second Language Pragmatic Competence

The development of pragmatic competence in another language is significant to second (L2) and foreign language (FL) learners’ ability to communicate successfully in the target language. Although a great deal of research has focused on defining and comparing the content of pragmatic competence across culture groups, far less attention has been given to examining its development. Our study is a partial response to this gap. The purpose of the study was to investigate the connection between Korean children's participation in an interactive book reading program and their development of pragmatic competence in English. We found that their participation led to significant changes over a 4–month period in the mean number of words, utterances, and talk management features as measured by the changes in children's use of these during role play sessions. The findings suggest that participation in such reading programs provides opportunities for the development of at least some aspects of L2 pragmatic competence.
Popular Misconceptions about Suicide: How Popular are they?

This study explores the prevalence of misconceptions about suicide in a sample of 643 United States residents who were administered the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ). Responses to the twenty SOQ items concerning various misconceptions were analyzed for percentage of endorsement and differential endorsement as related to gender, age, and ethnic background. The results indicate that misconceptions about suicide are not as prevalent as suggested by the literature; that significant differences exist among groups differing in age and ethnic background, but not in gender; and that several misconceptions may in fact not be misconceptions.
Machine Learning-Based Antenna Selection in Wireless Communications

This letter is the first attempt to conflate a machine learning technique with wireless communications. Through interpreting the antenna selection (AS) in wireless communications (i.e., an optimization-driven decision) to multiclass-classification learning (i.e., data-driven prediction), and through comparing the learning-based AS using k -nearest neighbors and support vector machine algorithms with conventional optimization-driven AS methods in terms of communications performance, computational complexity, and feedback overhead, we provide insight into the potential of fusion of machine learning and wireless communications.
Influences on leadership behaviour: a binomial logit model

Purpose - The purpose of this article is to review what influences leaders' behaviours and why leaders behave in certain ways and not in other ways. Using a range of job characteristics such as the different leadership styles utilised in conducting various tasks and the leaders' age and gender for example, and employing a binomial logit analysis on a survey data, this research focuses on a range of possible influences on leadership behaviours. Design/methodology/approach - To investigate the influences on leadership behaviour, a questionnaire was constructed with leadership behaviour, leadership style, job satisfaction and some demographic questions. The population for the study comprised employees from various sizes of UK companies from a wide range of industries. The questionnaire was administered mainly, but not only, to managers and leaders in the Key British Enterprises. Findings - The paper found that a number of the leadership style dimensions and other explanatory variables were significantly related with some of the individual leadership behaviour types. For example, intellectual stimulation was positively and significantly related to delegative leadership which is a characteristic of creative organisations that have confidence in the abilities of its workforce. However, it does not find a direct gender effect on leadership behaviour. Originality/value - Collecting data from over 400 managers from a wide range of industries in the UK and reviewing the relevant literature on influences on leadership behaviour, the study found among other things, that delegative leadership style is significantly related to all the four transformational leadership factors. Delegative leadership is therefore judged to be a very popular leadership style that many managers practice in their organisations while consultative and participative leadership styles remain the least favourite and directive leadership style lies in-between in a scheme of widespread application within organisations.
Clinical Evaluation of Complications in Implant-Supported Dentures: A 4-Year Retrospective Study

Background Implants that can be used in the prosthetic rehabilitation of full and partial edentulous patients are now frequently used due to advances in dentistry. Despite advanced methods of applications, failures and complications can still be seen. The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical prosthetic values and complications that occurred during 4-year follow-up in implant-supported restorations. Material/Methods This retrospective study included 40 patients who received oral rehabilitation with an implant-supported prosthesis. A total of 162 implants were placed: 99 in the maxilla and 63 in the mandible. The prosthetic and surgical data were recorded. Data including prosthetic complications and implant loss were recorded and statistically analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Results In total, 159 implants (98.14%) survived, 3 implants (1.86%) failed, and 100% of the protheses were successful. There were 62 dental implants used as abutments for removable dentures and 97 for fixed dentures. The most frequent prosthetic complications after placement of an implant-supported prosthesis were loss of retention, mucositis, abutment screw loosening, and fracture. Patient satisfaction after prosthesis use was also evaluated, showing that satisfaction was systematically increased. Conclusions To minimize the frequency of complications, protocols must be established from diagnosis to the completion of treatment and follow-up of implant-supported prostheses, especially in terms of adequate technical steps and careful radiographic evaluation of the components.
Gender and relationships: Influences on agentic and communal behaviors

The present research examined the moderating influence of situations involving friends and romantic partners on gender differences in interpersonal behaviors reflecting agency and communion. Behavior was studied in three situations varying in social role and dyadic gender composition: same-sex friendships, opposite-sex friendships, and romantic relationships. To obtain multiple events representing each relationship situation, participants recorded information about their interpersonal interactions during a 20-day period using an event-contingent recording procedure. Results indicated gender differences consistent with gender stereotypes when men and women were interacting with same-sex friends; men with men were more dominant and women with women were more agreeable. In interactions with romantic partners, gender differences in communal behavior were opposite to gender stereotypes; women were less agreeable and more quarrelsome than men with their romantic partners. Results are considered in reference to developmental socialization theory, social role theory, and studies of gender differences in marital relationships.
Richness and diversity of intestinal metazoan communities in brown trout Salmo trutta compared to those of eels Anguilla anguilla in their European heartlands

The hypothesis that intestinal helminth communities in freshwater brown trout are dissimilar in composition and structure to those in the European eel was tested by an analysis of component communities from 72 localities and of infracommunities from 34 localities in the British Isles and Norway. Derived indices were then compared with published data from eels. Composition of helminth communities differed considerably between the two hosts as a group of 4 species occurred commonly in trout and so gave greater predictability to the community composition. These 4 species were trout specialists and in 97% of the localities a trout specialist dominated the community rather than a generalist acanthocephalan as is typical for eels. By contrast all measures of community structure and indices of richness and diversity indicated that helminth communities in trout were isolationist in character, species poor and exhibited low diversity at both component and infracommunity levels. All values of indices for trout helminth communities were strikingly similar to those obtained from eels. Evidence of interspecific interactions within the trout helminth communities and a limit of 4 to infracommunity species richness further enhanced the similarities and suggested a common determinant of community structure. The hypothesis was thus supported in respect of species composition but refuted in respect of community structure.
Bosonic mean-field theory of quantum Heisenberg spin systems: Bose condensation and magnetic order.

We discuss the mean-field approach to the quantum Heisenberg ferromagnet and antiferromagnet on bipartite lattices using the Schwinger boson representation, with the constraints imposed on the average. The low-dimensional results of Arovas and Auerbach (Phys. Rev. B. 38, 316 (1988)) are derived simply by using a Hartree-Fock decomposition and the Peierls variational principle. We study the models below their critical temperatures in three dimensions (and at zero temperature in {ital d}=2 dimensions) by identifying magnetic ordering with Bose condensation of the Schwinger bosons. This novel interpretation enables us to compute the low-temperature (in the ordered regime) thermodynamic properties and dispersion relations, which agree with the results of spin-wave theory. We also extract critical properties that are related to those of the spherical model. A brief discussion of the limitations of the approach is also presented.