Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Image microarrays (IMA): Digital pathology's missing tool

Introduction: The increasing availability of whole slide imaging (WSI) data sets (digital slides) from glass slides offers new opportunities for the development of computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) algorithms. With the all-digital pathology workflow that these data sets will enable in the near future, literally millions of digital slides will be generated and stored. Consequently, the field in general and pathologists, specifically, will need tools to help extract actionable information from this new and vast collective repository. Methods: To address this limitation, we designed and implemented a tool (dCORE) to enable the systematic capture of image tiles with constrained size and resolution that contain desired histopathologic features. Results: In this communication, we describe a user-friendly tool that will enable pathologists to mine digital slides archives to create image microarrays (IMAs). IMAs are to digital slides as tissue microarrays (TMAs) are to cell blocks. Thus, a single digital slide could be transformed into an array of hundreds to thousands of high quality digital images, with each containing key diagnostic morphologies and appropriate controls. Current manual digital image cut-and-paste methods that allow for the creation of a grid of images (such as an IMA) of matching resolutions are tedious. Conclusion: The ability to create IMAs representing hundreds to thousands of vetted morphologic features has numerous applications in education, proficiency testing, consensus case review, and research. Lastly, in a manner analogous to the way conventional TMA technology has significantly accelerated in situ studies of tissue specimens use of IMAs has similar potential to significantly accelerate CAD algorithm development.
Unreliability of difference scores: A paradox for measurement of change.

The use of difference scores to measure change in experimental research has often been faulted on the grounds that errors of measurement are additive. In research concerned with differences between experimental treatment groups, the loss in reliability due to calculation of difference scores is not a valid concern because the power of tests of significance is maximum when the reliability of the difference scores is zero.
Inhibition of host cell RNA polymerase III-mediated transcription by poliovirus: inactivation of specific transcription factors

The inhibition of transcription by RNA polymerase III in poliovirus-infected cells was studied. Experiments utilizing two different cell lines showed that the initiation step of transcription by RNA polymerase III was impaired by infection of these cells with the virus. The observed inhibition of transcription was not due to shut-off of host cell protein synthesis by poliovirus. Among four distinct components required for accurate transcription in vitro from cloned DNA templates, activities of RNA polymerase III and transcription factor TFIIIA were not significantly affected by virus infection. The activity of transcription factor TFIIIC, the limiting component required for transcription of RNA polymerase III genes, was severely inhibited in infected cells, whereas that of transcription factor TFIIIB was inhibited to a lesser extent. The sequence-specific DNA-binding of TFIIIC to the adenovirus VA1 gene internal promoter, however, was not altered by infection of cells with the virus. We conclude that (i) at least two transcription factors, TFIIIB and TFIIIC, are inhibited by infection of cells with poliovirus, (ii) inactivation of TFIIIC does not involve destruction of its DNA-binding domain, and (iii) sequence-specific DNA binding by TFIIIC may be necessary but is not sufficient for the formation of productive transcription complexes.
Consumer perceptions of the effectiveness of food risk management practices: A cross-cultural study

Abstract Consumer perceptions of food hazards and how the associated risks are managed are likely to be an important determinant of consumer confidence in food safety. While there is a body of research that examines public perceptions of various types of food hazards, less attention has been directed to understanding how the public perceives food risk management practices. Utilizing elements of the repertory grid approach in focus group discussions, this research explored public attitudes regarding the effectiveness of current food risk management practices in four European countries (Denmark, Germany, Greece and the UK). While the issue of food safety did not emerge as a key factor in everyday food choice, participants were concerned about health aspects of food. There were three main factors that participants considered to be evidence of ‘good’ food risk management: the existence of identifiable control systems that respond quickly to contain a risk, the instigation of preventive measures and the availability of information that offers individuals the ability to exercise informed choice. These evaluations were similar in each of the countries under consideration and were linked to ideas regarding the controllability of risks and to questions of who is responsible for managing the risks.
Emergent Behaviors Over Signed Random Dynamical Networks: State-Flipping Model

Recent studies from social, biological, and engineering network systems have drawn attention to the dynamics over signed networks, where each link is associated with a positive/negative sign indicating trustful/mistrustful, activator/inhibitor, or secure/malicious interactions. We study asymptotic dynamical patterns that emerge among a set of nodes that interact in a dynamically evolving signed random network. Node interactions take place at random on a sequence of deterministic signed graphs. Each node receives positive or negative recommendations from its neighbors depending on the sign of the interaction arcs, and updates its state accordingly. Recommendations along a positive arc follow the standard consensus update. As in the work by Altafini, negative recommendations use an update where the sign of the neighbor state is flipped. Nodes may weight positive and negative recommendations differently, and random processes are introduced to model the time-varying attention that nodes pay to these recommendations. Conditions for almost sure convergence and divergence of the node states are established. We show that under this so-called state-flipping model, all links contribute to a consensus of the absolute values of the nodes, even under switching sign patterns and a dynamically changing environment. A no-survivor property is established, indicating that every node state diverges almost surely if the maximum network state diverges.
The Role of Gender, Ethnicity, and Age in Intergroup Behavior in a Naturalistic Setting

Cette recherche analyse le role du genre, de l’appartenance ethnique et de l’âge dans le choix d’une place dans un bus de Singapour. Dans chacune des 1,239 observations, un passager pouvait s’asseoir sur l’une des deux places libres situees a cote d’un voyageur assis pres d’une vitre. On notait les caracteristiques de l’arrivant et des deux personnes assises. L’impact du groupe d’appartenance apparut en ce qui concerne le genre et aussi de facon tres nette pour les personnes du groupe ethnique majoritaire. Pour ce qui est de l’âge, les jeunes etaient regulierement preferes. Les femmes tenaient compte plus que les hommes du genre, de l’âge et de l’appartenance ethnique. Quand les deux passagers-fenetre relevaient de la meme categorie, des differences interessantes apparaissaient: les femmes ne voyaient pas d’inconvenient a s’asseoir pres de l’un des deux hommes, mais les hommes evitaient de s’asseoir pres de l’une des deux femmes. Si les futurs voisins avaient a peu pres le meme âge, c’est le groupe d’appartenance qui determinait le choix. This study examined the role of gender, ethnicity, and age in seating preferences of bus commuters in Singapore. In each of 1,239 observations, a commuter chose to sit next to one of two available window commuters. The characteristics of the chooser and the two window commuters were recorded. In-group preference was found with respect to gender and was also clearly present for choosers in the majority ethnic group. In the case of age, there was consistent preference for younger over older persons. Compared to males, females exhibited more consistent gender, ethnicity, and age effects. When both window commuters were from the same category, interesting contrasts were observed. Females do not mind sitting next to one of two males but males avoid sitting next to one of two females. If both window commuters are from the same age group, in-group attraction emerges.
The Effect of Doping on the Voltage Holdoff Performance of Alumina Insulators in Vacuum

Alumina ceramics doped with various combinations of Cr, Mn, and Ti were fabricated into hollow cylindrical insulators, then assembled into vacuum diodes and tested with 25 ¿s voltage pulses. Four doped alumina ceramics with total dopant levels of 2.6 to 4.7% wt and partial Cr plus Ti dopant levels of 1.0 to 2.4% performed very well. They had voltage holdoffs significantly better (25 to 40%) than plain alumina ceramics. Ceramics with total dopant levels of 5.3 to 5.6% performed only slightly better than plain alumina. Ceramics with partial Cr plus Ti dopant levels of 3.8 to 4.0% had significantly improved voltage holdoff capabilities, but undesirably high permanent failure rates (19 to 33%). Ceramics with total dopant levels greater than 7% performed very poorly, nearly all suffered permanent damage from breakdowns. These results suggest that desirable upper limits for doping are 5% for total dopants and 3% for Cr and Ti combined. Thus, doping a 94% Al203 alumina ceramic with appropriate amounts of Cr, Mn, and Ti can significantly improve the voltage holdoff capability, of insulators fabricated from such ceramics. These doped ceramic insulators are suitable for use in ultrahigh vacuum applications.
Predicting Quality Point Averages in Master's Degree Programs in Education

mine the quality point average prediction schemes that are in use by regional state universities. In studies conducted by Nunnery and Aldmon (1964), Owens and Roaden (1966), and Herbert (1967), the undergraduate quality point average (UQPA) was found to be the best predictor of graduate quality point average (GQPA). Miller (1970) summarized a number of predictive studies in which the Miller Analogies Test (MAT) has been used to predict GQPA. Herbert (1967) indicated a need for studies of the prediction of GQPA using a combination of the UQPA, MAT, and the National Teacher Examinations (NTE). Miller (1970) reported a correlation of . 71 between the MAT scores and weighted total scores of the Common Examination of the NTE.
Understanding Music Sharing Behavior in China: Development of an Instrument

In this paper we propose a research model, set of constructs, and instrument for collecting data in China to investigate online behavior in the usage of file sharing technologies by music consumers. Recent studies associated with music download were focused, for the most part, on highly infrastructure-developed countries. Since technology maturity, market conditions, and economical situations in developing countries are different from those of developed countries; we developed a model for investigation online behavior in Chinese music consumers. As a pilot study to test the constructs in our model and its suitability for use in China, we surveyed 152 people the United States. We found the constructs robust for further investigation. The instrument was revised based upon the results of factor analysis and reliability testing and translated into Chinese. Data was further collected from 439 people in China. Results show that the constructs satisfy the reliability testing as well as preliminary regression analysis for the Chinese sample.
Pulsed I-V on TFETs: Modeling and Measurements

Most experimental reports of tunneling field-effect transistors show defect-related performance degradation. Charging of oxide traps causes Fermi-level pinning, and Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH)/trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) cause unwanted leakage current. In this paper, we study these degradation mechanisms using the pulsed I-V technique. Our simulations show pulsed I-V can fully suppress oxide trap charging, unlike SRH and TAT. We discuss several circuit-related pitfalls, and we demonstrate improved transfer characteristics by suppressing oxide trap charging using cryogenic pulsed I-V.
Error Rate Performance of Multilevel Signals with Coherent Detection

In this paper, coherent detection for multilevel correlated signaling sets in additive white Gaussian noise is addressed. From the decision rule, a general analytical expression for the symbol error probability (SEP) is derived, which is in the form of a single integral. Our new result is not only in agreement with a known equivalent expression, but it also has a much simpler analytical form. The structure of the correlation matrix under consideration of the signaling set is quite generic, including various known signaling sets as special cases. Hence the derived SEP expression is useful for analyzing the performance of various coherent modulation schemes such as multilevel phase-shift and frequency-shift keying. Specific correlation structures which minimize the SEP are also studied. Based on eigendecomposition or LU decomposition, generic methods for constructing a correlated signaling set for any correlation matrix under consideration are also provided.
Sensation Seeking among Medium- and Low-Risk Sports Participants

Sensation seeking of 35 participants in a medium-risk sport (rugby) and of 32 in a low-risk sport (marathon running) were compared. The rugby players' estimations of the risk involved in rugby were lower than the marathon runners' perceptions of risk in rugby. Although rugby players scored significantly higher over-all on Sensation Seeking, the only significant difference between the two groups on the four subscales of Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale, was found on the Thrill and Adventure Seeking subscale, on which rugby players scored significantly higher.
Drug-related Deaths and the ‘Special Deaths’ of Late Modernity

The literature on dying and bereavement has long recognized that the features of some deaths make them especially difficult to grieve.The defining features of such deaths and bereavement are that there is often a high level of trauma, they may be socially stigmatizing or existentially problematic, and the grief is frequently ‘disenfranchized’. These deaths are special because they occur outside of attempts to create ontological security that have been suggested as a central feature of late modernity. In this article we argue that drug-related deaths represent one example of special deaths. Our argument is illustrated through three case studies taken from a small scale empirical study conducted by one of the authors. From this, a beginning typology for the ‘special deaths’ of late modernity is suggested. It is argued that better understanding of these deaths is a necessary feature of the theoretical revision of death in late modernity.
Socialization into the Workplace: A Newcomer's Chitchat with Colleagues on Facebook Status Updates

This qualitative study examines how workplace socialization can be addressed through a newcomer’s linguistic practice in chitchat on Facebook status updates. Based on Wenger’s (1998) framework of Communities of Practice and Gee’s (2011) model of discourse analysis, it investigates over 60 status updates made by a new employee and his colleagues spread over five months. Results suggest that the newcomer chitchats with his colleagues in three arbitrary manners, and that he irregularly moves back and forth to the integrated membership. Sometimes he highlights the newcomer status through chitchat, while in other times he behaves like a core member in the community. However, the majority of his practice fall into a relatively moderate range between the new and the integral. Behind his participation in chitchat is the characteristic psyche and behavior during socialization into the workplace. A model of language and communication in workplace socialization is further suggested upon an in-depth elaboration on the data analysis. It is concluded that chitchatting in status updates can function as the gateway to understand workplace socialization. More studies are needed to explore how workplace socialization can be addressed through other speech events in computer-mediated environments.
EO-Performance relationships in Reverse Internationalization by Chinese Global Startup OEMs: Social Networks and Strategic Flexibility

Due to the context-sensitive nature of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), it is imperative to in-depth explore the EO-performance mechanism in China at its critical, specific stage of economic reform. Under the context of “reverse internationalization” by Chinese global startup original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), this paper aims to manifest the unique links and complicated interrelationships between the individual EO dimensions and firm performance. Using structural equation modeling, we found that during reverse internationalization, proactiveness is positively related to performance; risk taking is not statistically associated with performance; innovativeness is negatively related to performance. The proactiveness-performance relationship is mediated by Strategic flexibility and moderated by social networking relationships. The dynamic and complex institutional setting, coupled with the issues of overcapacity and rising labor cost in China may explain why our distinctive results occur. This research advances the understanding of how contingent factors (social network relationships and strategic flexibility) facilitate entrepreneurial firms to break down institutional barriers and reap the most from EO. It brings new insights into how Chinese global startup OEMs draw on EO to undertake reverse internationalization, responding the calls for unraveling the heterogeneous characteristics of EO sub-dimensions and for more contextually-embedded treatment of EO-performance associations.
The epidemiology of total hip replacement in the Netherlands and Sweden

By combining data from the Discharge registers and the census bureaus in The Netherlands and Sweden, we calculated the age-specific incidences of primary total hip replacement (THR), studied the demographic profile of the population receiving THR and predicted demands. In the period 1986-1997, the number of THRs increased by 20% in Sweden to 10,000 operations (113/100,000 inhabitants) and by 68% to 17,400 operations (112/100,000 inhabitants) in The Netherlands. Of this increase 3% and 15% could be explained by changes in the age-profile and size of the population, respectively. Although the overall incidence of THR was similar in both countries in 1997, we found that, after correction for differences in population structure, the incidence of THR was 20% higher in The Netherlands. In Sweden, relatively more men were operated on than in The Netherlands. We also found that in Sweden, but not in the Netherlands, relatively more older people were operated on in 1997 than in 1987. Assuming no further change in the age- and sex-specific arthroplasty rates, the predicted annual number of total hip replacements by the year 2020 will increase by at least one fourth in Sweden and almost one half in The Netherlands.
Color-Direction Patch-Sparsity-Based Image Inpainting Using Multidirection Features

This paper proposes a color-direction patch-sparsity-based image inpainting method to better maintain structure coherence, texture clarity, and neighborhood consistence of the inpainted region of an image. The method uses super-wavelet transform to estimate the multi-direction features of a degraded image, and combines with color information to construct the weighted color-direction distance (WCDD) to measure the difference between two patches. Based on the WCDD, the color-direction structure sparsity is defined to obtain a more robust filling order and more suitable multiple candidate patches are searched. Then, the target patches are sparsely represented by the multiple candidate patches under neighborhood consistency constraints in both the color and the multi-direction spaces. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on tasks such as scratch removal, text removal, block removal, and object removal. The effects of super-wavelet transforms and direction features are also investigated.
Amphibious hearing in ringed seals (Pusa hispida): underwater audiograms, aerial audiograms and critical ratio measurements

ABSTRACT Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) are semi-aquatic marine mammals with a circumpolar Arctic distribution. In this study, we investigate the amphibious hearing capabilities of ringed seals to provide auditory profiles for this species across the full range of hearing. Using psychophysical methods with two trained ringed seals, detection thresholds for narrowband signals were measured under quiet, carefully controlled environmental conditions to generate aerial and underwater audiograms. Masked underwater thresholds were measured in the presence of octave-band noise to determine critical ratios. Results indicate that ringed seals possess hearing abilities comparable to those of spotted seals (Phoca largha) and harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), and considerably better than previously reported for ringed and harp seals. Best sensitivity was 49 dB re. 1 µPa (12.8 kHz) in water, and −12 dB re. 20 µPa (4.5 kHz) in air, rivaling the acute hearing abilities of some fully aquatic and terrestrial species in their respective media. Critical ratio measurements ranged from 14 dB at 0.1 kHz to 31 dB at 25.6 kHz, suggesting that ringed seals – like other true seals – can efficiently extract signals from background noise across a broad range of frequencies. The work described herein extends similar research on amphibious hearing in spotted seals recently published by the authors. These parallel studies enhance our knowledge of the auditory capabilities of ice-living seals, and inform effective management strategies for these and related species in a rapidly changing Arctic environment. Summary: Psychophysical experiments with trained ringed seals show acute hearing abilities in both air and water, which are comparable to those of other phocid seals and considerably better than previously reported for this species.
Upregulation of Prostaglandin Receptor EP1 Expression Involves Its Association with Cyclooxygenase-2

While many signals cause upregulation of the pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase -2 (COX-2), much less is known about mechanisms that actively downregulate its expression. We have recently shown that the prostaglandin EP1 receptor reduces the expression of COX-2 in a pathway that facilitates its ubiquitination and degradation via the 26S proteasome. Here we show that an elevation of COX-2 intracellular levels causes an increase in the endogenous expression of prostaglandin EP1. The increase in EP1 levels does not occur at the transcriptional level, but is rather associated with complex formation between the receptor and COX-2, which occurs both in vitro and in mammalian tissues. The EP1-COX-2 complex is disrupted following binding of arachidonic acid to COX-2 and accompanied by a parallel reduction in EP1 levels. We propose that a transient interaction between COX-2 and EP1 constitutes a feedback loop whereby an increase in COX-2 expression elevates EP1, which ultimately acts to downregulate COX-2 by expediting its proteasomal degradation. Such a post translational mechanism may serve to control both the ligand-generating system of COX-2 and its reception system.