Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lukasiewicz-Moisil Many-Valued Logic Algebra of Highly-Complex Systems

The fundamentals of Lukasiewicz-Moisil logic algebras and their applications to complex genetic network dynamics and highly complex systems are presented in the context of a categorical ontology theory of levels, Medical Bioinformatics and self-organizing, highly complex systems. Quantum Automata were defined in refs.[2] and [3] as generalized, probabilistic automata with quantum state spaces [1]. Their next-state functions operate through transitions between quantum states defined by the quantum equations of motions in the SchrAodinger representation, with both initial and boundary conditions in space-time. A new theorem is proven which states that the category of quantum automata and automata-homomorphisms has both limits and colimits. Therefore, both categories of quantum automata and classical automata (sequential machines) are bicomplete. A second new theorem establishes that the standard automata category is a subcategory of the quantum automata category. The quantum automata category has a faithful representation in the category of Generalized (M,R)-Systems which are open, dynamic biosystem networks [4] with de¯ned biological relations that represent physiological functions of primordial(s), single cells and the simpler organisms. A new category of quantum computers is also defined in terms of reversible quantum automata with quantum state spaces represented by topological groupoids that admit a local characterization through unique, quantum Lie algebroids. On the other hand, the category of n-Lukasiewicz algebras has a subcategory of centered n-Lukasiewicz algebras (as proven in ref. [2]) which can be employed to design and construct subcategories of quantum automata based on n-Lukasiewicz diagrams of existing VLSI. Furthermore, as shown in ref. [2] the category of centered n-Lukasiewicz algebras and the category of Boolean algebras are naturally equivalent. A `no-go' conjecture is also proposed which states that Generalized (M,R)-Systems complexity prevents their complete computability (as shown in refs. [5]-[6]) by either standard, or quantum, automata.
Collegiate Ice Hockey Players' Perceptions of the Delivery of an Applied Sport Psychology Program

This study examined collegiate male ice hockey players’ (N = 27, mean age = 22.4 years) perceptions of factors associated with the delivery of a sport psychology program. Participants were engaged in semistructured interviews. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and inductively analyzed. Results revealed that in terms of program delivery, the athletes had favorable perceptions of the absence of the (technical) coaching staff from sport psychology meetings and raised time demand issues. The sport psychology consultant was perceived to fulfill multiple roles (e.g., teammate, liaison, co-coach), and as being socially and emotionally involved with the team. Other results pertaining to the consultant reflected the importance of respect and communication skills. Implications for practitioners working in team settings are discussed.
The Added Diagnostic Value of Liquid Gastric Emptying Compared with Solid Emptying Alone

The medical literature states that solid gastric-emptying studies are more sensitive for the detection of gastroparesis than are liquid studies; thus, liquid studies are rarely required. However, we have seen patients with normal solid but delayed liquid emptying. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a study of clear liquid gastric empting has added value for the diagnosis of gastroparesis over a study of solid emptying alone. Methods: A total of 101 patients underwent both solid and liquid gastric-emptying studies, acquired sequentially on the same day. A 30-min (1-min frames) liquid study (300 mL of water with 7.4 MBq [0.2 mCi] of 111In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) was followed by a standardized 4-h solid-meal study (a 99mTc-sulfur colloid–labeled egg-substitute sandwich meal). Emptying was quantified as a best-fit exponential emptying rate (T1/2) for liquids and percentage emptying at 4 h for solid empting. Thirty healthy volunteers underwent a study of clear liquid emptying to establish normal values. The results of the liquid and solid studies were compared. 111In liquid downscatter into the subsequent 99mTc solid meal results was analyzed. Results: The upper range of normal for clear liquid emptying (T1/2) for healthy volunteers was 22 min (mean ± 3 SDs) and 19 min (mean ± 2 SDs). Of 101 patients, delayed emptying was found in 36% of liquid and 16% of solid studies. Of all patients with normal solid emptying, 32% had delayed liquid emptying. 111In downscatter into the 99mTc window was not generally significant. Conclusion: For the detection of gastroparesis, a 30-min study of clear liquid gastric-emptying has considerable added diagnostic value over a study of solid emptying alone.
Investigation of Short Time Scale Variation of Solar Radiation Spectrum in UV, PAR, and NIR Bands due to Atmospheric Aerosol and Water Vapor

Long terms variation of solar insolation had been widely studied. However, its parallel observations in short time scale is rather lacking. This paper aims to investigate the short time scale evolution of solar radiation spectr um (UV, PAR, and NIR bands) due to atmospheric aerosols and water vapors. A total of 25 days of global and diffused solar spectrum ranges from air mass 2 to 6 were collected using ground-based spectrometer with shadowband technique. The result shows that variation of solar radiation is the least in UV fraction, followed by PAR and the most in NIR. Broader variations in PAR and NIR are associated with the short time scale fluctuations of aerosol and water vapors. The corresponding daily evolution of UV, PAR, and NIR fractions implies that aerosol and water vapors variation could also be responsible for the deviation pattern in the Langley-plot analysis.
Robust Cognitive Change

Abstract Two major challenges facing researchers interested in cognitive change are that measures of change are often not very reliable, and they may reflect effects of prior test experience in addition to the factors of primary interest. One approach to dealing with these problems is to obtain multiple measures of change on parallel versions of the same tests in a measurement burst design. A total of 783 adults performed three parallel versions of cognitive tests on two occasions separated by an average of 2.6 years. Performance increased substantially across the three sessions within each occasion, and for all but vocabulary ability these within-occasion improvements were considerably larger than the between-occasion changes. Reliabilities of the changes in composite scores were low, but averages of the three changes had larger, albeit still quite modest, reliabilities. In some cognitive abilities individual differences were evident in the relation of prior test experience and the magnitude of longitudinal change. Although multiple assessments are more time consuming than traditional measurement procedures, the resulting estimates of change are more robust than those from conventional methods, and also allow the influence of practice on change to be systematically investigated. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–8)
Cyclical Chromatin Looping and Transcription Factor Association on the Regulatory Regions of the p21 (CDKN1A) Gene in Response to 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3*S⃞

The nuclear receptor vitamin D receptor (VDR) is known to associate with three vitamin D response element (VDREs)-containing regions within the CDKN1A (p21) gene region. Here we show in MDA-MB453 breast cancer cells that the natural VDR ligand 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 causes cyclical transcription factor binding and chromatin looping of distal VDREs to the transcription start site (TSS) of the p21 gene, leading to cyclical accumulation of the p21 mRNA. At the chromatin level, association of the mediator protein MED1 precedes both the peaks of VDR binding to VDREs and phosphorylated RNA polymerase (p-Pol II) to the TSS. The loss of co-repressor NCoR1-histone deacetylase (HDAC) 3 complex and inhibitory chromatin looping from VDREs to the TSS are also initial events followed by increased acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 9 at the TSS prior to initiation of transcription. Simultaneous to VDR and p-Pol II peaks, chromatin loops between VDREs and the TSS are formed, and the lysine demethylase LSD1 and the histone acetyltransferase CBP are enriched in both regions. This is followed by a moderate peak in p21 transcript accumulation, repeated in cycles of 45-60 min. The transcript accumulation pattern is disturbed by siRNA inhibition of the mediator protein MED1, LSD1, NCoR1, or various HDACs, whereas CBP appears unnecessary for the response. Inhibition of MED1, HDAC4, or LSD1 by siRNA also attenuates ligand-induced chromatin looping. In conclusion, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates p21 transcription by inducing cyclical chromatin looping that depends on both histone deacetylation and demethylation.
Factors mediating powerful voltage attenuation along CA1 pyramidal neuron dendrites

We performed simultaneous patch‐electrode recordings from the soma and apical dendrite of CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices, in order to determine the degree of voltage attenuation along CA1 dendrites. Fifty per cent attenuation of steady‐state somatic voltage changes occurred at a distance of 238 μm from the soma in control and 409 μm after blocking the hyperpolarization‐activated (H) conductance. The morphology of three neurons was reconstructed and used to generate computer models, which were adjusted to fit the somatic and dendritic voltage responses. These models identify several factors contributing to the voltage attenuation along CA1 dendrites, including high axial cytoplasmic resistivity, low membrane resistivity, and large H conductance. In most cells the resting membrane conductances, including the H conductances, were larger in the dendrites than the soma. Simulations suggest that synaptic potentials attenuate enormously as they propagate from the dendrite to the soma, with greater than 100‐fold attenuation for synapses on many small, distal dendrites. A prediction of this powerful EPSP attenuation is that distal synaptic inputs are likely only to be effective in the presence of conductance scaling, dendritic excitability, or both.
Concanavalin A—induced T‐cell—mediated hepatic injury in mice: The role of tumor necrosis factor

Concanavalin A activates T lymphocytes in vitro and causes T‐cell‐dependent hepatic injury in mice. T lymphocytes were previously identified as effector cells of concanavalin A‐induced liver injury. Here we report that hepatic injury is characterized by apoptotic cell death. On concanavalin A challenge, the cytokines tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF α), interleukin‐2, granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor, and interferon‐γ were detectable in the circulation of the mice. Pretreatment of mice with anti‐mouse TNF‐α antiserum protected them from concanavalin A‐induced liver injury. Nude mice failed to release TNF‐α or interleukin‐2 after concanavalin A challenge and were protected from liver injury. Lymph node cell transfer from responder mice to resistant nude mice resulted in susceptibility of the latter towards concanavalin A, i.e., to induction of cytokine release and hepatotoxicity. These experiments suggest that immunocompetent T cells play a pivotal role in concanavalin A‐stimulated TNF‐α release in vivo. After intravenous administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled concanavalin A to mice, the most fluorescence was found within the liver. In vitro, concanavalin A stimulation of separate cultures of mouse lymph node cells or nonparenchymal liver cells induced the release of minute amounts of TNF, whereas stimulation of cocultures of these cells resulted in production of substantial amounts of TNF‐α. These findings may explain the hepatotropic effect of concanavalin A. In conclusion, T‐cell‐dependent concanavalin A‐induced apoptotic liver injury in mice is related to immunological and cytokinemediated disorders and possibly to autoreactive hepatic processes. (Hepatology 1995;21:190–198).
AMPA receptors in the medial amygdala are critical for establishing a neuroendocrine memory in the female rat

We sought to examine AMPA receptor (AMPAR) function in the medial posterodorsal amygdala (MePD), as glutamate neurotransmission is critical for the neural response to vaginal–cervical stimulation that initiates pregnancy or pseudopregnancy. Female rats were infused with the AMPAR antagonist CNQX or vehicle directly into the MePD via bilaterally implanted cannulae, then either returned to their homecage (HC), or received 15 mounts‐without‐intromissions (MO) or 15 intromissions (15I) from a male. Expression of the activity marker EGR‐1 was used to determine the CNQX concentration which would prevent mating‐induced activation of MePD neurons. Separate cannulated females received CNQX infusions into the MePD prior to receiving 15I, and the oestrous cycle length was monitored by daily vaginal lavages. Infusion of CNQX (500 nm) blocked mating‐induced neural activation and lengthened the oestrous cycle, demonstrating AMPAR involvement in the formation of pseudopregnancy. To further explore this involvement, separate groups of 15I, MO and HC females were killed 90 min or 3 h after testing treatment. Brain sections were immunolabeled for AMPAR‐subunit GluR1 phosphorylated at one of two sites (Serine‐831 or Serine‐845), or total GluR1 and GluR2, and immunofluorescence intensity was measured in the MePD, hippocampus and hypothalamus. A mating‐induced increase in Serine‐831 phosphorylation after 3 h was observed only in the MePD, whereas there was no effect on Serine‐845 phosphorylation. Additionally, we observed a time‐dependent increase in total GluR1 staining intensity. These results suggest an increased AMPAR function in the MePD after receipt of VCS, and a role for AMPAR in the neural response to VCS resulting in pseudopregnancy.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS ON SURVIVAL OF BREAST CANCER PATIENTS

The molecular basis of metastatic potential of human breast carcinoma cells can be useful information to determine the practical implications in the diagnosis, determining prognosis and treatment of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of aggressive biological behavior and metastatic potential in breast carcinoma among a number of intrinsic biomarkers of tumor cells. We used routine formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tumor samples; sections were stained immunohistochemically to determine the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2/neu, Ki67, p53 and cathepsin D in 66 breast carcinoma patients. The result of the quantitative immunohistochemical assays were correlated with clinical and histological data such as patient age, tumor size, axillary lymph node status, tumor grade, the therapeutic regimens and survival rates. Univariate analysis revealed a statistically significant relation between tumor size and overexpression of p53, and between tumor grade and PR status, p53 status and Ki67. In multivariate analysis the independent factors predicting for tumor grade were Ki67 and PR status. Among patients with ER expression, negative p53 or Ki67 status, tumors with lower grades and negative axillary lymph nodes (or < 4 involved lymph nodes), there was a higher survival rate (either disease free or overall); however, relationship was not statistically significant, most probably due to the low number of studied patients. In conclusion, Ki67 was an independent factor to predict tumor grade in our study; the use of this proliferation activity marker in routine approach to patients with breast cancer is recommended, at least to evaluate the accuracy of tumor grading by mitotic count.
Exploring the Boundaries of Adventure Therapy: International Perspectives. Proceedings of the International Adventure Therapy Conference (1st, Perth, Australia, July 1997).

This article introduces the seventh generation of facilitation in adventure-based experiential education. Hypnotic language forms the basis of this next generation and provides a powerful tool for the transfer of learning in adventure therapy. This next generation allows the therapeutic adventure practitioner to use the experiential language of the client to enhance the isomorphic connections of the adventure activity and to draw upon and develop the unconscious resources of the client to support the goals of the client. This article provides a basic outline of hypnotic language and examples of its use in adventure therapy.
Predictive model of axillary lymph node involvement in women with small invasive breast carcinoma

Axillary lymph node involvement (ALNI) remains the most accurate predictive factor for recurrence risk and survival in patients with invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) and is an essential element in therapeutic decisions. However, axillary dissection (AD) is responsible for several side effects and is now discussed in small IBC. The objective of this study was to define a predictive model of ALNI by using clinical and histologic variables available before surgery.
Cardioprotective Effects of Tannic Acid on Isoproterenol‐Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats: Further Insight into ‘French Paradox’

Tannic acid (TA) is a polyphenolic compound, which has shown diverse pharmacological effects with antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic and antibactericidal properties. However, cardioprotective effects of TA have not been reported. To investigate the protective effects of TA, rats were administered TA for 7 days and then intoxicated with isoproterenol (ISO). Myocardial ischemia injury was indicated by changes in electrocardiographic (ECG) patterns, morphology and cardiac marker enzymes. Furthermore, protein expression levels of c‐fos, c‐jun, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), cleaved‐caspase‐3 and ‐9 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and activities of apoptosis‐related proteins Bax, Bcl‐2, caspase‐3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) were detected by Western blot. Pretreatment with TA ameliorated changes in morphology and ECG, reduced activities of marker enzymes, suppressed overexpression of apoptosis‐related proteins, upregulated expression of antioxidants. Moreover, TA pretreatment contributed to the decrease in ratio of Bax/Bcl‐2, as well as reduced expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, caspase‐3, cleaved‐caspase‐3 and ‐9. TA displayed cardioprotective effects, which may be attributed to lowering of Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio, c‐fos and c‐jun expression and inhibition of NF‐κB activation, as well as oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. These findings provide further insight into the ‘French paradox’ and the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of TA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dependence of solder joint reliability on solder volume, Composition and printed circuit board surface finish

Thermal fatigue and room temperature isothermal mechanical performance of various Pb-free and SnPb solder joints were examined. Various solder alloys doped with Ni (SN100C) and Mn (SAC105-Mn and SACM) were evaluated and compared to SAC105, SAC 205 SAC 305 and SAC 405 and eutectic SnPb alloys. Solder spheres ranging from 10 to 20 mils were reflowed on various printed circuit board (PCB) surface finishes such as copper organic solderability preservative (Cu-OSP) and electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG). The mechanical behavior of these solder joints was evaluated in low speed and high speed shear tests, and also in shear fatigue test. The effect of isothermal aging was examined. Custom made ball grid array (BGA) packages with the same alloys and sizes were tested in accelerated thermal cycling (ATC) test. The results from room temperature mechanical tests were correlated to package level ATC results obtained for the thermal cycling profile of -40/125°C. The effect of solder volume and composition on the solidification temperature of each solder joint was carefully measured by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Precipitate sizes and distributions were analyzed using backscattered scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sn grain morphology was characterized by polarized light microscopy (PLM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Investigation of the lifetimes of various solder joints in room temperature fatigue and accelerated thermal cycling tests showed distinct dependences of lifetime on solder composition. Distinct increases in lifetimes with increases in Ag content were observed. Results suggested the recrystallization and failure mechanism in Pb-free solder joints are strongly affected by Ag3Sn precipitates. Combination of Cu/ENIG surface finishes generally resulted in some improvement in thermal fatigue performances. Results also showed that solder volume can greatly affect the microstructure and performance of SAC solder joints in mechanical and ATC tests. Larger samples generally solidified at higher temperatures and revealed different Sn grain morphologies than smaller samples, which generally undercooled more. Addition of dopants generally reduced the undercooling, resulting in different solder joint microstructures. The effect of variation in solder composition and volume and PCB surface finish on solder joint microstructure and lifetime was carefully evaluated.
Poor Prognosis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Decreased Expression of AHRR

Background The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) repressor (AHRR), a member of growing superfamily, is a basic-helix-loop-helix/Per-AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT)-Sim (bHLH-PAS) protein. Recently, AHRR has been proposed to function as a putative new tumor suppressor gene based on some relevant studies in multiple types of human cancers. This current study aims to investigate AHHR expression and its prognostic significance in primary gastric adenocarcinoma. Methodology/Principal Findings The expression level of AHRR was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. It was clearly showed that the expression status of AHRR was reduced in tumor tissue samples compared with that in matched adjacent non-tumor tissue samples by RT-qPCR (P = 0.0423) and western blotting analysis (P = 0.004). Moreover, data revealed that AHRR without exon 8 (the active isoform) was the predominant form either in tumor tissues (66.7%, 8/12) or in matched adjacent non-tumor tissues (100.0%, 12/12), and the mRNA level of this isoform was significantly reduced in tumor tissues (P = 0.006). Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that AHRR expression was significantly decreased in 175 of 410 (42.7%) gastric adenocarcinoma cases. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that decreased expression of AHRR was significantly associated with poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Conclusions/Significance Our data suggests that, in primary gastric adenocarcinoma, AHRR may play as a suppressor gene and its expression status has the potential to be an independent prognostic factor.