Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in battered women: A shelter sample

A sample of 77 battered women in shelters was examined for the presence or absence of a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. Self-report data were obtained on battery characteristics, extent of intrusion and avoidance, depression, anxiety, and general psychopathology. Eight-four percent of the sample met the DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD according to self-report. The reported subjective distress regarding the battery experience was positively correlated with presence and degree of PTSD, intrusion, depression, anxiety, and general psychopathology. Extent of abuse was positively related to presence and degree of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and overall symptom distress. Length of the abusive relationship was least related to the outcome variables. The results of this study indicated that the shelter population of battered women is at high risk for post-traumatic stress disorder and this is linked with characteristics of the battery experience. The usefulness of these findings with regards to diagnosis and treatment is discussed.
Migration, Sexual Behavior and the Risk of HIV in Kenya

The association of migration with AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa is well documented, yet the social and behavioral mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. Using data from the 1993 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey, this article examines whether migrants are more likely than nonmigrants to have multiple recent sexual partners and not use condoms with those partners. Results indicate that migration is a critical factor in high-risk sexual behavior and that its importance varies by gender and by the direction of movement. Independent of marital and cohabitation status, social milieu, awareness of AIDS, and other crucial influences on sexual behavior, male migrants between urban areas and female migrants within rural areas are much more likely than nonmigrant counterparts to engage in sexual practices conducive to HIV infection. In rural areas, migrants from urban places are more likely than nonmigrants to practice high-risk sex. Given the predominance of men in urban migration and the large volume of circulatory movement between urban and rural areas, these results have serious implications for HIV transmission throughout Kenya.
Factors associated with work status at 5 and 10 years after heart transplantation

White‐Williams C, Wang E, Rybarczyk B, Grady KL. Factors associated with work status at 5 and 10 years after heart transplantation. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: E599–E605. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Trait-State Interactions in the Etiology of Nightmares

Various personality and psychopathology traits are associated with nightmare frequency. This study investigated whether trait variables might also account for individual differences in the longitudinal relationship between daily mood and nightmare incidence each night. Forty-two participants (35 women, 7 men; mean age 40.10 years) reported having nightmares at least once per month and completed a 14-day dream and mood (anxiety and depression) log. Within-subject correlations between state anxiety and nightmare incidence or absence the following night and between state depression and nightmare incidence or absence were computed. None of the trait measures had significant correlations with these within-subject correlations. However, when only participants scoring above the group median on Hartman’s thin boundariness were analyzed, thin boundariness, Symptom Checklist— Global Severity, adverse life events, and childhood adversity were associated with the incidence of nightmares as a function of state anxiety or depression on a night-by-night basis, with correlation coefficients between . 43 and . 52. This supports the hypothesis of trait predispositions for a nightmare reaction to daily state anxiety or depression.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish "Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation" questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE The Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scale is a self-administered outcome questionnaire used to determine level of pain and disability in wrist problems. The scale includes pain (PRWE-P) and function (PRWE-F) subscales, the latter consisting of specific function (PRWE-SF) and usual (PRWE-UF) function. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish versionof the PRWE scale. METHODS Permission was sought and received from the original author of the PRWE for a Turkish translation for use in the study. The study included 110 patients (85 female and 25 male; mean age: 50.8±1.53 years; range: 18 to 85) with distal radius fracture, carpal tunnel syndrome, wrist ganglion cyst, De Quervain syndrome, Kienböck disease, and connective lesions affecting the wrist, all of whom completed the Turkish version of both the PRWE (PRWE-T) and the Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand scale (DASH). Reliability and validity of the PRWE-T scale were evaluated via an internal consistency analysis and a factor analysis respectively. The level of correlation between PRWE-T and DASH scores was also examined. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.86, 0.82 and 0.88 for PRWE-P, PRWE-F and PRWE-T respectively for the scale and all subscales. The PRWE-T scale was found to be highly reliable. A statistically significant correlation was found between PRWE-T and DASH in the criterion-related validity analysis (Spearman's rho=0.9). CONCLUSION The PRWE-T was found to be valid and reliable. It is therefore suggested for use in evaluating patient-based pain and disability levels in routine clinical practice.
The Structure and Stability of Perceived Togetherness in Elderly People during a 5-Year Follow-Up

The objective of this study was to study the structure andstability of perceived togetherness using cross-sectional and longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis models. Togetherness was measured with the self-administered Social Provision Scale (SPS). The sample consisted of 111 persons interviewed in connection with the Evergreen project’s 5-year follow-up at ages 80 and 85. One and two-factormodels were specified separately at two different pointsof measurement. The stability of the factor models’ structure and the level of latent factors was studied using longitudinal factor analysis models. The two-factor model fit the data better than the one-factor model. Perceived togetherness was differentiated into factors of emotional and social togetherness. The structure of perceived togetherness remainedunchanged during the 5-year follow-up. In terms of means, the latent factors showed a statistically highly significant decline in time (i.e. perceived togetherness decreased with increasing age).
Initial Stability of Modular Acetabular Components. Comparative In-vitro Study with Polyethylene and Ceramic Liners - Primärstabilität modularer acetabulärer Komponenten. Eine In-vitro-Vergleichsstudie mit Pfanneneinsätzen aus Polyethylen und Keramik

Modular acetabular components with alumina ceramic liners are currently used in total hip arthroplasty, but concerns have emerged regarding their high stiffness, which could cause impairment of stability, stress-shielding phenomena, and loosening. The purpose of the present biomechanical investigation was to compare the in-vitro initial stability of a modular press-fit acetabular component using a polyethylene liner and using an alumina liner. The initial stability was investigated by measuring the micromotion between the implant and the acetabulum during the application of physiological load (2.39 kN). The micromotion of the acetabular component was investigated in 10 acetabuli using a polyethylene liner and in 10 acetabuli using an alumina liner. Micromotion was assessed at the level of the Os ilium, Os pubis, and Os ischium using 3 electromagnetic transducers. The transducers have a sensitivity of 1 micron and a range of measurement of 500 microns. All implants have been fixed on human pelves made of polyurethane. Measurement of implant micromotion showed stable conditions at the level of the three main sectors of the acetabulum during all tests. No statistically significant differences of results were observed between the group of specimens with polyethylene liner and the group of specimens with alumina liner. The mean micromotion values of the uncemented cups were similar to the mean micromotion values of 10 cemented cups investigated to achieve comparative data of stability. In conclusion, the modular acetabular components inserted using an alumina liner showed a satisfactory initial stability in-vitro. The results do not contrast with those achieved using the same cup inserted with a polyethylene liner.
Family dynamics and cochlear implant: a case study / Dinámica familiar e implante coclear: estudio de casos

Abstract The article presents the results of a study whose main objective is to understand the family dynamics of children with profound pre-language bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, who benefit from a cochlear implant. We started with a longitudinal research design of case studies, lasting three years, which was both descriptive and analytical. We developed the fieldwork with five families that have a child with profound hearing loss, who received a cochlear implant before two years of age. We used questionnaires, in-depth interviews and data collection strategies. Among the conclusions found we highlight the following: the more information parents have, the more they will use attitudes of self-competence to favour their children’s development; the advantages that the implanted device has brought to each family varies considerably depending on the knowledge they have about deafness and also depending on the expectations that each one of them has created; the location of the family residence is presented as a conditioning factor in relation to family dynamics.
Detection of Oseltamivir-Resistant Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1)pdm2009 in Brazil: Can Community Transmission Be Ruled Out?

Although surveillance efforts that monitor the emergence of drug-resistant strains of influenza are critical, systematic analysis is overlooked in most developing countries. We report on the occurrence of strains of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with resistance and decreased susceptibility to oseltamivir (OST) in Brazil in 2009, 2011 and 2012. We found 7 mutant viruses, 2 with the mutation S247N and other 5 with the mutation H275Y. Most of these viruses were from samples concentrated in the southern region of Brazil. Some of these resistant viruses were detected prior to the initiation of OST treatment, suggesting that community transmission of mutant viruses may exist. Moreover, we show that one of these OST-resistant (H275Y) strains of A(H1N1)pdm09 was discovered in the tri-border region between Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, highlighting that this strain could also be found in other Latin American countries. Our findings reinforce the importance of enhanced antiviral resistance surveillance in Brazil and in other Latin American countries to confirm or rule out the community transmission of OST-resistant strains of A(H1N1)pdm09.
Regulation of Epithelial Stem Cell Replacement and Follicle Formation in the Drosophila Ovary

Though much has been learned about the process of ovarian follicle maturation through studies of oogenesis in both vertebrate and invertebrate systems, less is known about how follicles form initially. In Drosophila, two somatic follicle stem cells (FSCs) in each ovariole give rise to all polar cells, stalk cells, and main body cells needed to form each follicle. We show that one daughter from each FSC founds most follicles but that cell type specification is independent of cell lineage, in contrast to previous claims of an early polar/stalk lineage restriction. Instead, key intercellular signals begin early and guide cell behavior. An initial Notch signal from germ cells is required for FSC daughters to migrate across the ovariole and on occasion to replace the opposite stem cell. Both anterior and posterior polar cells arise in region 2b at a time when ∼16 cells surround the cyst. Later, during budding, stalk cells and additional polar cells are specified in a process that frequently transfers posterior follicle cells onto the anterior surface of the next older follicle. These studies provide new insight into the mechanisms that underlie stem cell replacement and follicle formation during Drosophila oogenesis.
Automatic Seed Word Selection for Unsupervised Sentiment Classification of Chinese Text

We describe and evaluate a new method of automatic seed word selection for un-supervised sentiment classification of product reviews in Chinese. The whole method is unsupervised and does not require any annotated training data; it only requires information about commonly occurring negations and adverbials. Unsupervised techniques are promising for this task since they avoid problems of domain-dependency typically associated with supervised methods. The results obtained are close to those of supervised classifiers and sometimes better, up to an F1 of 92%.
The Role of Perinatal and Other Prognostic Factors in the Appearance of Brain Tumors in Childhood

Primary central nervous system neoplasm’s, most of which brain located, are considered the most common solid cancer in children in developed countries, including several histologic subtypes. Brain tumors are the second most common cancer after leukemia as the leading cause of death in childhood [1]. They account for approximately 20% of newly diagnosed cases annually in the United States [2]. Although several epidemiological studies have investigated brain tumours in children, still not much is known about their causes [3-9]. Due to bimodality of the age distribution of brain tumors, and because of the significant difference in the distribution of histological types in children and adults, it is likely that different risk factors are important for children compared with adults [10]. Moreover, it has been reported that several perinatal factors play a role in the appearance of benign and malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) in childhood [1,3,11].
Physical Culture, Physical Education and Relational Analysis

ABSTRACT This paper argues for the recovery of a notion of physical culture that can serve the purposes of relational analysis in social research. The recovery of the notion is undertaken through a brief etymology of the term, and through an historical overview of shifts in physical culture during the twentieth century. The recovered notion is described as one dimension of corporeal discourse, concerned with meaning‐making in and around the body centred on sport, physical recreation and exercise as three institutionalized, codified forms of physical activity. Various uses are described of this definition of physical culture within a program of relational research centred on school physical education. The paper concludes with a comment on some of the work that remains to be done in preparing the notion of physical culture for operationalization in relational social research in the physical activity field. [1] David Kirk was formerly at the Department of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queenland, .
The social inclusion meme in higher education: are universities doing enough?

Universities in the developed world have engaged in many attempts to transform unequal social relations, inherited from the past, through restructuring their tertiary education systems. On the whole, this endeavour has been generated by national governments. Discourses about ‘diversity’ and ‘social inclusion’ have driven this policy drive, and they present as a moral imperative whilst obscuring the socio-cultural dynamics which generate both academic success and failure. Whilst all universities are required to embrace social inclusion rhetorically, their practices vary enormously. This paper examines the foundation of the arguments which employ both social and individual benefits of mass tertiary education, and discusses the impact of massification on universities themselves. It explores the ways in which low socio-economic status (LSES) students experience universities, and argues that a socio-cultural impasse has generated a strongly stratified tertiary sector where non-elite institutions cater for disproportionally high numbers of LSES students. Finally, the paper makes a judgement about the collective responsibility universities should have for increasing the participation of LSES students.
Vulnerable, Exposed and Invisible: A Study of Violence and Abuse against Women with Physical Disabilities

Women with disabilities have for a long time been a neglected group within disability research, gender studies and research on violence. This paper presents the first part of a 3-year research project on violence and abuse against women with physical disabilities. The main contributions of this paper are, first, an attempt to create a comprehensive typology of abuse based on a classification of personal and structural abuse. Secondly, a mapping of the social context of the abuse with a special focus on the arenas of abuse, the time perspectives and the consequences for the women. And thirdly, an attempt to illustrate that depending on the situation the risk of being abused may be related to the women's disability, their gender, their age and the hierarchical structures of society and the institutions with which they come into contact.
Détermination et latence de la réponse oculomotrice à deux stimulus simultanés ou successifs selon leur excentricité relative

Resume Le but de ces experiences est de degager certains facteurs de l'organisation de l'exploration oculaire, lies aux caracteristiques spatiales et temporelles des stimulations visuelles. Des enregistrements electro-oculographiques ont permis d'analyser les reponses de fixation suscitees par diverses combinaisons de signaux peripheriques discrets. On observe un effet important de la position relative des stimulus dans le champ visuel. Ainsi le regard se porte toujours spontanement sur le plus proche de deux signaux (d'apparence identique en vision marginale) qui apparaissent simultanement dans la meme direction. Les resultats d'une seconde experience montrent qu'une saccade declenchee en reponse a un signal peut etre, jusqu'a une phase tardive du deroulement de son temps de latence, ajustee a un signal complementaire qui apparait plus pres et dans la meme direction. Des hypotheses concernant les processus d'elaboration de la reponse oculo-motrice de fixation sont proposees.
Does Innovation Success Influence Social Interactions? An Experimental Test in House Sparrows

In group-living animals, individuals may benefit from the presence of an innovative group-mate because new resources made available by innovators can be exploited, for example by scrounging or social learning. As a consequence, it may pay off to take the group-mates' problem-solving abilities into account in social interactions such as aggression or spatial association, for example because dominance over an innovative group-mate can increase scrounging success, while spatial proximity may increase the chance of both direct exploitation and social learning. In this study, we tested whether the individuals' innovation success influences their social interactions with group-mates in small captive flocks of house sparrows (Passer domesticus). First, we measured the birds' actual problem-solving success in individual food-extracting tasks. Then, we manipulated their apparent problem-solving success in one task (by allowing or not allowing them to open a feeder repeatedly) while a new, unfamiliar group-member (focal individual) had the opportunity to witness their performance. After this manipulation, we observed the frequency and intensity of aggression and the frequency of spatial associations between the focal individuals and their manipulated flock-mates. Although flock-mates behaved according to their treatments during manipulations, their apparent problem-solving success did not affect significantly the focal individuals' agonistic behaviour or spatial associations. These results do not support that sparrows take flock-mates' problem-solving abilities into account during social interactions. However, focal individuals attacked those flock-mates more frequently that had higher actual problem-solving success (not witnessed directly by the focal individuals), although aggression intensity and spatial association by the focal birds were unrelated to the flock-mates' actual success. If this association between flock-mates' actual innovativeness and focal individuals' aggression is not due to confounding effects, it may imply that house sparrows can use more subtle cues to assess the group-mates' problem-solving ability than direct observation of their performance in simple foraging tasks.
Diet and asthma in Dutch school children (ISAAC-2)

Background: The rise in the prevalence of asthma in western societies may be related to changed dietary habits. Epidemiological studies in children have shown inverse associations of asthma related outcomes with intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy and whole grain products, and fish. In contrast to most previous studies, we used both questionnaire and clinical data to define asthma. Methods: Intake of the abovementioned foods was studied in relation to asthma in 598 Dutch children aged 8–13 years. Dietary intake was estimated using a parent completed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Current wheeze and current asthma were defined based on questionnaire data. More complex end points were defined using information on bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and atopic sensitisation as well. Linear associations were studied using logistic regression analysis and odds ratios presented for the highest versus the lowest tertile of intake. In the final models, adjustments were made for maternal educational level, foreign descent, and total energy intake. Results: The intake of whole grain products and of fish was inversely associated with asthma. Adjusted odds ratios for the independent associations with whole grains and fish were 0.46 (95% CI 0.19 to 1.10) and 0.34 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.85) for current asthma and 0.28 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.99) and 0.12 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.66) for atopic asthma with BHR. Similar results were observed for current wheeze and atopic wheeze with BHR. Intake of (citrus) fruits, vegetables, and dairy products showed no clear associations with asthma end points. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a high intake of whole grain products and fish may have a protective effect against asthma in children.
Humour styles, personality, and well‐being among Lebanese university students

This research examined the structure and correlates of the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) in Lebanese university students. Four humour factors were found, as in the original Canadian samples: Affiliative, Self‐Enhancing, Aggressive, and Self‐Defeating humour. Scale reliabilities were generally acceptable, and inter‐correlations among the scales were low. Lebanese participants scored lower than Canadians on Affiliative and Self‐Enhancing humour and lower than Belgians on Affiliative and Aggressive humour. As in Canadian and Belgian samples, males reported significantly more use of Aggressive and Self‐Defeating humour than did females. Humour styles correlated differentially, and generally as predicted, with horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism, attachment styles, perceived health, and psychological well‐being. Overall, the findings support the cross‐cultural stability of the HSQ as well as the differential relationship of these humour styles with culture‐related personality traits and psychological well‐being. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.