Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attributes And Characteristics That Contribute To Successful Female Leadership In Secondary Education

The current research indicates that gender underrepresentation in upper management is a broad, global issue. According to data from the Iowa Department of Education (2010), most female principals (50.4%) are at the elementary level while only 23.7% female principals are at the secondary level and 76.3% males. The underrepresentation of females can be noted in business, the armed forces, higher education, around the world, and in public education. Limited research has been done on women in educational leadership, with even less in regard to women leadership at the secondary level. Based on the large number of females represented in the teaching occupation, it would seem logical that the proportion of female leaders in education would be reflective of the profession as a whole, whether it is at the elementary, secondary level, or central office. Through the lens of Critical Feminist Theory and multiple case qualitative design, this researcher examined the lives and experiences of four women who have maintained successful and effective careers in secondary education. By gathering in-depth information of actual successful secondary female principals the researcher was able to add to the current literature and accomplish four objectives: (a) Create an awareness of the skill set, style, and background needed that allows a female educator to consider and pursue a secondary principalship, (b) Offer necessary information for female educators who pursue a secondary principalship to be aware and prepared for the obstacles and challenges they will encounter, (c) Encourage females who fear advancement in secondary education due to stereotypes and/or leave the profession due to negative experiences, and (d) Provide substantive information to administrator preparation programs that will assist in designing instruction to support women interested in becoming secondary principals.
A generic tool-supported framework for coupling task models and interactive applications

Task models are a very powerful artefact describing users' goals and users' activity and contain numerous information extremely useful for designing usable interactive application. Indeed, task models is one of the very few means for ensuring effectiveness of the application i.e. that the application allows users to reach their goals and perform their tasks. Despite those advantages, task models are usually perceived as a very expensive artefact to build that has to be thrown away as soon as the interactive application has been designed, i.e. right after the early stages of the design process are performed. However, tasks models can also be of great help for instance when used to support training material production, for training of operators and for providing tasks and goals oriented contextual help while the interactive application is being used . This paper proposes a tool-supported framework for exploiting task models throughout the development process and even when the interactive application is deployed and used. To this end, we introduce a framework for connecting task models to an existing, executable, interactive application. The main contribution of the paper lies in the definition of a systematic correspondence between the user interface elements of the interactive application and the low level tasks in the task model. Depending on the fact that the code of the application is available or not, the fact that the application has been prepared at programming time for such integration or not, we propose different alternatives to perform such correspondence (in a tool-supported way). This task-application integration allows the exploitation of task models at run time bringing in the benefits listed above to any interactive application. The approach, the tools and the integration are presented on a case study of a Flight Control Unit (FCU) used in aircraft cockpits.
Spectral Reflectance of Palauan Reef-Building Coral with Different Symbionts in Response to Elevated Temperature

Spectral reflectance patterns of corals are driven largely by the pigments of photosynthetic symbionts within the host cnidarian. The warm inshore bays and cooler offshore reefs of Palau share a variety of coral species with differing endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (genus: Symbiodinium), with the thermally tolerant Symbiodinium trenchii (S. trenchii) (= type D1a or D1-4) predominating under the elevated temperature regimes inshore, and primarily Clade C types in the cooler reefs offshore. Spectral reflectance of two species of stony coral, Cyphastrea serailia (C. serailia) and Pachyseris rugosa (P. rugosa), from both inshore and offshore locations shared multiple features both between sites and to similar global data from other studies. No clear reflectance features were evident which might serve as markers of thermally tolerant S. trenchii symbionts compared to the same species of coral with different symbionts. Reflectance from C. serailia colonies from inshore had a fluorescence peak at approximately 500 nm which was absent from offshore animals. Integrated reflectance across visible wavelengths had an inverse correlation to symbiont cell density and could be used as a relative indicator of the symbiont abundance for each type of coral. As hypothesized, coral colonies from offshore with Clade C symbionts showed a greater response to experimental heating, manifested as decreased symbiont density and increased reflectance or “bleaching” than their inshore counterparts with S. trenchii. Although no unique spectral features were found to distinguish species of symbiont, spectral differences related to the abundance of symbionts could prove useful in field and remote sensing studies.
Dogs motivate obese children for physical activity: key elements of a motivational theory of animal-assisted interventions

Background: There is empirical evidence that the presence of a companion animal can have a positive impact on performance. The available evidence can be viewed in terms of differing hypotheses that attempt to explain the mechanisms behind the positive effects. Little attention has been given to motivation as a potential mode of action with regards to human-animal interactions. First we give an overview of evidence that animals might promote motivation. Second we present a study to examine the effect of a therapy dog on exercise performance in children with obesity. Methods: Twelve children, aged 8–12 years old, were randomly assigned to two groups in a crossover design: dog-group and human confederate group. Several types of physical activities via accelerometer and subjective ratings of wellbeing, satisfaction, and motivation were assessed. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance for repeated measures on one factor. Results: The main effect of condition was significant for all performance variables. There was less passive behavior and more physical activity for all performance variables in the presence of the dog than in that of the human confederate. Between dog- and human- condition there was no difference in the subjective rating of motivation, wellbeing, or satisfaction. Discussion: The results demonstrate that the presence of a therapy dog has the potential to increase physical activity in obese children. Task performance as a declarative measure was increased by the presence of the dog in comparison to a human confederate, but self-report measures of motivation, satisfaction or wellbeing did not differ between the two conditions. Therefore, it stands to reason that a dog could trigger implicit motives which enhance motivation for activity. The results of our study indicate the potentially beneficial effect of incorporating dogs into outpatient training for obese children.
New psychological contracts in the world of work: economic citizens or victims of the market?

Purpose – The aim of the paper is to present the causes and manifestations of the changed conditions of work for employees since the 1990s with a particular focus on the situation in Germany. These changes are characterized by a higher demand for expertise and a lower protection against life risks for employees. The paper seeks to address some of the issues surrounding this.Design/methodology/approach – The desire to realize an individual concept of personal identity in work life is argued to be the main driving force of individual career development. It is set in relation to new normative guiding principles of employment (protean career model, boundaryless career model, employability construct). Findings – Empirical studies support the importance of an individual work identity concept for individual career development. The political and, more importantly, the economic situation in Germany, Europe and other parts of the world has dramatically changed since 1989. The prospective demographic changes in Germa.
Rationales and Futures for Computers in African Schools and Universities. CITE Report No. 100.

Organized in three parts, this paper examines rationales for introducing computers into schools and universities in African countries and compares these rationales with those being advanced in industrial countries. Part 1 asks whether developing countries in Africa need computers and why, and supylies some answers. Part 2 looks critically and in detail at the main rationales for putting computers in schools. Lastly, part 3 looks at the experiences of four African countries: Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, and Zimbabwe. This review leads to two questions: what should happen next regarding computers in African schools and universities and what is going to happen next? A 50-item reference list is included. (Author/DB) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** RATIONALES AND FUTURES FOR COMPUTERS IN AFRICAN SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES David Hawkridge Institute of Educational Technology The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION AND FERTILITY BEHAVIOR: GENDER FOCUSED STUDY OF SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES

The present study aims to analyze the impact of male and female labor force participation and resultant impact on fertility rate. Three South Asian countries including Pakistan, India and Bangladesh have been selected for conducting the present study focused on year 1984 to 2013. Secondary data analysis was done and regression analysis was run for estimation of the impact of variables on fertility rate. Fixed Effect Model was also applied to draw results. The major finding of the study shows that female labor force participation has negative impact on fertility rate as compared to Male Labor Force Participation. It is suggested that female labor force participation should be encouraged in order to control fertility rate which ultimately decreases population growth in result.
Exploring sources of competitive advantage: e-business applications within the Chinese real estate industry

Purpose – To investigate the key sources of competitive advantage gained from e‐business applications by Chinese real estate developers and whether the value chain theory and its related theories can explain this phenomenon.Design/methodology/approach – A key issue in e‐business is how established companies can gain competitive advantage. Despite the interest in e‐business applications, few empirical studies have been carried out to look at how “clicks‐and‐mortar” approaches offer competitive advantages, especially from specific industry perspectives. By using a qualitative case study approach this study addresses this.Findings – The study shows that the value chain framework is useful to identify and categorize possible e‐business application areas. Moreover, this categorization makes identification of key sources of competitive advantage explicit. However, this framework cannot fully explain the success of e‐business applications nor the realization of intended motivations.Research limitations/implicati.
Linear prediction models with graph regularization for web-page categorization

We present a risk minimization formulation for learning from both text and graph structures which is motivated by the problem of collective inference for hypertext document categorization. The method is based on graph regularization formulated as a well-formed convex optimization problem. We present numerical algorithms for our formulation, and show that such combination of local text features and link information can lead to improved predictive accuracy.
Overexpression of Bcl2 in Osteoblasts Inhibits Osteoblast Differentiation and Induces Osteocyte Apoptosis

Bcl2 subfamily proteins, including Bcl2 and Bcl-XL, inhibit apoptosis. As osteoblast apoptosis is in part responsible for osteoporosis in sex steroid deficiency, glucocorticoid excess, and aging, bone loss might be inhibited by the upregulation of Bcl2; however, the effects of Bcl2 overexpression on osteoblast differentiation and bone development and maintenance have not been fully investigated. To investigate these issues, we established two lines of osteoblast-specific BCL2 transgenic mice. In BCL2 transgenic mice, bone volume was increased at 6 weeks of age but not at 10 weeks of age compared with wild-type mice. The numbers of osteoblasts and osteocytes increased, but osteoid thickness and the bone formation rate were reduced in BCL2 transgenic mice with high expression at 10 weeks of age. The number of BrdU-positive cells was increased but that of TUNEL-positive cells was unaltered at 2 and 6 weeks of age. Osteoblast differentiation was inhibited, as shown by reduced Col1a1 and osteocalcin expression. Osteoblast differentiation of calvarial cells from BCL2 transgenic mice also fell in vitro. Overexpression of BCL2 in primary osteoblasts had no effect on osteoclastogenesis in co-culture with bone marrow cells. Unexpectedly, overexpression of BCL2 in osteoblasts eventually caused osteocyte apoptosis. Osteocytes, which had a reduced number of processes, gradually died with apoptotic structural alterations and the expression of apoptosis-related molecules, and dead osteocytes accumulated in cortical bone. These findings indicate that overexpression of BCL2 in osteoblasts inhibits osteoblast differentiation, reduces osteocyte processes, and causes osteocyte apoptosis.
Examining the Convergence in the Economic Growth of Indian States

After crossing the Hindu growth rate in the 1990s, the Indian economy has been experiencing a consistent and increasing growth of national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) both at current and constant prices. This growth in the national level GDP is resulting in a high growth rate of the State Domestic Product (SDP) of various states. However, it will also be interesting to find out whether there is a convergence in the economic growth of the Indian states or not. National level data indicates that the growth rate of the country is over 8% in the Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Five Years Plans, except some bad years and it is expected that the annual growth rate will go even further in the Eleventh Plan. But whether this growth is for all or it is just for some states—is the objective of the present study. This has been done by taking the SDP of 18 Indian states into consideration. The paper calculates the growth rate of all the 18 states for the period of 1980-81 to 2004-05. The entire period has been divided into two parts: 1980-81 to 1990-91 and 1991-92 to 2004-05. The period 1980-81 to 1990-91 can be referred to as the pre-Globalization, Liberalization, and Privatization (GLP), whereas the period 1991-92 to 2004-05 can be referred to as the post-GLP period. This bifurcation has been done for finding out the differences in the convergence of growth rate between pre- and post-GLP. In the pre-GLP period the national level as well as the state level growth rate in per capita GDP was less than that in the post-GLP period. So it will be interesting to see whether the increase in the annual growth rate of the country has led to the convergence or divergence in the growth rate of SDP.
TOWARDS AN INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF ACCOUNTING CHANGE IN THE ROYAL TOBACCO FACTORY OF SEVILLE

This paper is initially informed by an institutional sociological framework to analyze changes in accounting practices that took place in the Royal Tobacco Factory (RTF) of Seville during the period 1760–1790. We argue that the significantly greater development and use of accounting practices during that period can be linked to the move to the much larger and more purposefully built new factories, the decline in total tobacco consumption, and the pressure to increase revenue for the Spanish Crown while reducing production cost and maintaining high product quality to deter entry. These new accounting practices were developed in part with the intent of improving factory efficiency, but importantly, they enhanced the external legitimacy of the RTF in the face of the events mentioned above and contributed to the long survival of the RTF as a monopolist.
MicroRNA-29a induces insulin resistance by targeting PPARδ in skeletal muscle cells

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) induces metabolic syndrome, which is often characterized by insulin resistance (IR), in adults. Previous research has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play a role in the target genes involved in this process, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we examined miRNA profiles using samples of skeletal muscles from both IUGR and control rat offspring whose mothers were fed either a protein-restricted diet or a diet which involved normal amounts of protein during pregnancy, respectively. miR-29a was found to be upregulated in the skeletal muscles of IUGR offspring. The luciferase reporter assay confirmed the direct interaction between miR-29a and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ). Overexpression of miR-29a in the skeletal muscle cell line C2C12 suppressed the expression of its target gene PPARδ, which, in turn, influenced the expression of its coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). Thus, PPARδ/PGC-1α-dependent signals together reduced insulin-dependent glucose uptake and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Overexpression of miR-29a also caused a decrease in levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), the most important glucose transporter in skeletal muscle, which partially induced a decrease insulin-dependent glucose uptake. These findings provide evidence for a novel micro-RNA-mediated mechanism of PPARδ regulation, and we also noted the IR-promoting actions of miR-29a in skeletal muscles of IUGR.
Neurolymphomatosis Caused by Nasal-type Extranodal Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma

To the Editor: Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a clinical disorder that presents with peripheral neuropathy due to lymphomatous infiltration of the nerves. NL is generally associated with B-cell lymphomas, and T‐cell lymphoma is extremely rare. Nasal type extranodal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKL) is a rare lymphoma associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), which is more common in East Asia than in the West. [1] Central nervous system (CNS) lesions are occasionally observed as sites of ENKL involvement, and extranodal involvement often leads to an unfavorable prognosis. [2,3] Here, a rare case of NL associated with ENKL that mainly presented as progressive multiplex painful mononeuropathy with multiple white matter lesions is reported.
Precise Radial Velocities of Giant Stars. II. Pollux and Its Planetary Companion

It has long been speculated that the observed periodic radial velocity pattern for the K giant Pollux might be explained in terms of an orbiting planetary companion. We have collected 80 high-resolution spectra for Pollux at Lick Observatory yielding precise radial velocities with a mean error of 3.8 m s-1, providing the most comprehensive and precise data set available for this star. Our data confirm the periodicity previously seen in the radial velocities. We derive a period of 589.7 ± 3.5 days and, assuming a primary mass of 1.86 M☉, a minimum companion mass of 2.9 ± 0.3MJup, consistent with earlier determinations. No evidence for any periodicities is visible in our analysis of the shapes of the spectral lines via the bisector method, so we conclude that evidence is accumulating and compelling for a planet around Pollux. However, some final doubt remains about this interpretation, because nonradial pulsations that might be present in giant stars could in principle also explain the observed radial velocities, while the accompanying bisector variations might be too small to be detectable with current data.
High Seroprevalence of Human Herpesviruses in HIV-Infected Individuals Attending Primary Healthcare Facilities in Rural South Africa

Seroprevalence data of human herpesviruses (HHVs) are limited for sub-Saharan Africa. These are important to provide an indication of potential burden of HHV-related disease, in particular in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals who are known to be at increased risk of these conditions in the Western world. In this cross-sectional study among 405 HIV-infected and antiretroviral therapy naïve individuals in rural South Africa the seroprevalence of HHVs was: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (98%), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (87%), varicella zoster virus (VZV) (89%), and 100% for both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Independent factors associated with VZV seropositivity were low educational status and having children. Lack of in-house access to drinking water was independently associated with positive HSV-1 serostatus, whereas Shangaan ethnicity was associated with HSV-2 seropositivity. Increasing age was associated with higher IgG titres to both EBV and CMV, whereas CD4 cell count was negatively associated with EBV and CMV IgG titres. Moreover, IgG titres of HSV-1 and 2, VZV and CMV, and CMV and EBV were positively correlated. The high HHV seroprevalence emphasises the importance of awareness of these viral infections in HIV-infected individuals in South Africa.