Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wanting and Liking: Observations from the Neuroscience and Psychology Laboratory

Abstract Different brain mechanisms seem to mediate wanting and liking for the same reward. This may have implications for the modular nature of mental processes, and for understanding addictions, compulsions, free will and other aspects of desire. A few wanting and liking phenomena are presented here, together with discussion of some of these implications.
Corporate Brand Management Imperatives: Custodianship, Credibility, and Calibration

Marshaling case study research insights, this article advances our knowledge of the strategic management of corporate brands. Strategic corporate brand management requires commitment to three critically important imperatives: senior management custodianship; the building and maintaining of brand credibility; and the dynamic calibration of seven identities constituting the corporate brand constellation. This article draws on research dating back to the 1990s and is also informed by the identity-based view of corporate brands perspective and by recent scholarship on the AC4ID Test–a strategic, diagnostic, corporate brand management framework.
The Determinants of Borrowing by Newly Exchange-listed Firms in Romania: When Adverse Selection Meets Cronyism

Analysis of 580 Romanian firms listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange and RASDAQ during 1997 and 1998 reveals that corporate borrowing was influenced by budget constraints, adverse selection and ownership structure. These exchange-listed corporations carried a very low level of short-term debt, were relatively profitable, paid very little dividend and relied mostly on internal capital. The negative relationship between financing needs and new borrowing suggests that severe adverse selection might have played a significant role here. Firms owned by Romanian nationals appeared to have easier access to credit than those owned by foreign investors, management or employees or other Romanian institutional investors: this finding testifies to political cronyism.
(De)Composing Public Value: In Search of Basic Dimensions and Common Ground

ABSTRACT In re-emphasizing public organizations’ societal and related normative functions, public value (PV) discourse is one way of approaching public sector performance. Although PV research is flourishing, empirical studies are still lacking. We provide evidence of the basic dimensions of PV creation in Germany's Federal Labor Agency. The results suggest a three-part factor structure and a second-order factor, indicating a broad notion of performance across different constituencies. The factors provide a framework to measure any public organization's perceived PV contribution. Our study complements the existing process perspective of PV, as developed by Moore (1995).
The Roots of Civil Society: A Model of Voluntary Association Prevalence Applied to Data on Larger Contemporary Nations

Based on a literature review, a theory of voluntary association prevalence in nations of the world is proposed. Greater associational prevalence is hypothesized to result from certain societal background factors (greater population size, and more favorable historical/cultural/environmental interface), aspects of basic societal structure (more permissive political control, greater modernization, more developed non-associational organizational field, and greater ethno-religious heterogeneity), and societal mobilization factors (aggregate resource mobilization for associations, aggregate social cohesion). Archival data on larger contemporary nations strongly confirm most of the model independently for two separate time periods, the 1970s and early 1990s. The ethno-religious heterogeneity variable is not confirmed as significant. No suitable data were available to test aggregate social cohesion as part of the empirical model tested. The results have important policy implications for the roots of civil society, political pluralism, and participatory democracy, partially as manifestations of social capital in a society.
Transurethral Vaporization–Resection of the Prostate versus Standard Transurethral Prostatectomy: Comparative Changes in Histopathological Features of the Resected Specimens

Objectives: Transurethral vaporization resection of the prostate (TUVRP) is a recent modification of the standard transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). TUVRP uses a band electrode coupled to a high electrocuting energy to achieve simultaneous resection, vaporization and coagulation of the prostate. We evaluated the histopathological resection specimens of patients treated with TUVRP to see whether the higher energy used will result in thermal artifacts that will interfere with the pathological evaluation of the prostate, and compared the results to TURP specimens. Material and Methods: The histopathological specimens of 50 patients that underwent TUVRP or TURP were reviewed. Artifactual pathological patterns that were identified in the specimens included: abnormal cellular orientation and spindling, artifactual cellular detachment from the underlying basement membrane, atypical cytological changes or areas of stromal coagulative necrosis. Each identified pattern was awarded 1 point. The severity of cautery artifact was graded into mild, moderate or severe according to the sum of points in each specimen. Results: Mild cautery artifact changes were noted in 1 patient who underwent TURP. Moderate changes were noted in 21 patients in each TURP and TUVRP groups while severe changes were noted in 4 and 3 patients undergoing TUVRP and TURP respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with regard to the severity of the cauterization– induced changes. Conclusions: The quality of histopathological specimens produced by TUVRP is similar to the standard TURP. It seems that the higher energy use in electrovaporization technique does not result in greater thermal injury to the tissues possibly because of the cooling effect of the irrigation fluids used intraoperatively.
Selection and the evolution of industry

Proposes a theory that explains why smaller firms have higher and more variable growth rates than larger firms. Relying on employer heterogeneity and market selection to generate patterns of employer growth and failure, the model states that efficient firms grow and survive while inefficient firms decline and fail, regardless of firm size. However, firms that fail are actually firms that, if given more time to succeed, would have grown more slowly. These slow growing firms are most often smaller firms. Also provided is a behavior characterization of entry and prices in equilibrium, which is defined as a pair of functions that characterize optimal output and exit behavior of firms. (SFL)
Cardiovascular and noncardiovascular comorbidities in patients with chronic heart failure

A broad spectrum of concomitant disorders may complicate heart failure adding further morbidity and mortality risk. Comorbidities may be subdivided into cardiovascular and noncardiovascular. The first group includes hypertension, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, arrhythmias and valvular heart disease. Noncardiovascular comorbidities include respiratory, endocrine, metabolic, nutritional, renal, hematopoietic, neurological as well as musculoskeletal conditions. In recent years, advances in the treatment of heart failure have not been attended by important changes in management of its comorbidities. They now seem to be major causes of the poor prognosis of heart failure patients. In this review we provide an updated summary of the epidemiological, pathophysiological and clinical characteristics of comorbidities as well as their potential impact for heart failure treatment.
Are Auditors' Judgments Sufficiently Regressive?

The primary purpose of this paper is to test for the use of the representativeness heuristic by auditors in situations in which its use will lead to judgments that systematically depart from the Bayesian optimal responses. No explicit representation of payoffs was made, nor were subjects typically asked to choose a course of action. Thus it cannot be concluded that use of the representativeness heuristic in the experimental situations tested is not cost effective. To the extent, however, that one is willing to assume that action choices are sensitive to judgments of outcome probabilities, and these action choices have differential expected payoffs, a finding of extensive heuristic use by auditors would suggest further research to assess the economic consequences of such use.
Performance of laser sintered Ti–6Al–4V implants with bone-inspired porosity and micro/nanoscale surface roughness in the rabbit femur

Long term success of bone-interfacing implants remains a challenge in compromised patients and in areas of low bone quality. While surface roughness at the micro/nanoscale can promote osteogenesis, macro-scale porosity is important for promoting mechanical stability of the implant over time. Currently, machining techniques permit pores to be placed throughout the implant, but the pores are generally uniform in dimension. The advent of laser sintering provides a way to design and manufacture implants with specific porosity and variable dimensions at high resolution. This approach enables production of metal implants that mimic complex geometries found in biology. In this study, we used a rabbit femur model to compare osseointegration of laser sintered solid and porous implants. Ti–6Al–4V implants were laser sintered in a clinically relevant size and shape. One set of implants had a novel porosity based on human trabecular bone; both sets had grit-blasted/acid-etched surfaces. After characterization, implants were inserted transaxially into rabbit femora; mechanical testing, micro-computed tomography (microCT) and histomorphometry were conducted 10 weeks post-operatively. There were no differences in pull-out strength or bone-to-implant contact. However, both microCT and histomorphometry showed significantly higher new bone volume for porous compared to solid implants. Bone growth was observed into porous implant pores, especially near apical portions of the implant interfacing with cortical bone. These results show that laser sintered Ti–6Al–4V implants with micro/nanoscale surface roughness and trabecular bone-inspired porosity promote bone growth and may be used as a superior alternative to solid implants for bone-interfacing implants.
Endogenous Exchange Rate Volatility, Trading Volume and Interest Rate Differentials in a Model of Portfolio Selection

This paper considers a portfolio model of exchange rate determination and focuses on endogenous sources of exchange rate volatility. It is shown that, in addition to volatility transmitted by conditionally heteroskedastic interest rates, the larger the serial correlation in interest rates the stronger the effect of interest rate differentials on exchange rate volatility. These features are supported by the data. The paper also looks at the volume-volatility relationship implied by the model. Copyright 1999 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Human resource management and business strategy links: an empirical study

Over recent years there has been an increasing interest in the field of human resource management. Currently, the literature encourages the consideration of human resources as strategic factors, not only because they play important role in strategy implementation, also because they are beginning to be reckoned as sources of sustainable competitive advantage. Relationships between human resource management and strategy have been studied from different perspectives. This article focuses on one of them. It examines matches between human resource practices and types of business strategy. The question addressed is: do human resource management practices vary with business strategy? To answer this question, empirical research was developed. Using data collected from 200 Spanish companies, this paper demonstrates significant associations between some human resource practices and business strategy in companies. Reported results support some of the previously established relationships. Implications for future rese.
The impact of deep brain stimulation on tinnitus

Background: Tinnitus is a disorder of the nervous system that cannot be adequately treated with current therapies. The effect of neuromodulation induced by deep brain stimulation (DBS) on tinnitus has not been studied well. This study investigated the effect of DBS on tinnitus by use of a multicenter questionnaire study. Methods: Tinnitus was retrospectively assessed prior to DBS and at the current situation (with DBS). From the 685 questionnaires, 443 were returned. A control group was one-to-one matched to DBS patients who had tinnitus before DBS (n = 61). Tinnitus was assessed by the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) and visual analog scales (VAS) of loudness and burden. Results: The THI decreased significantly during DBS compared to the situation prior to surgery (from 18.9 to 15.1, P < .001), which was only significant for DBS in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The THI in the control group (36.9 to 35.5, P = 0.50) and other DBS targets did not change. The VAS loudness increased in the control group (5.4 to 6.0 P < .01). Conclusion: DBS might have a modulatory effect on tinnitus. Our study suggests that DBS of the STN may have a beneficial effect on tinnitus, but most likely other nuclei linked to the tinnitus circuitry might be even more effective.
Efficacy of Monetary Policy and Limited Asset Market Participation: Neoclassical vs. Keynesian Effects

A common wisdom argues that limited asset market participation reduces the efficacy of monetary policy. This paper investigates this issue in the context of the New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. Despite limited participation actually reduces effects of interest rate policies by reducing the effect on inter-temporal allocation of consumption, we find an opposite result. Monetary policy becomes more effective as long as the share of agents who cannot access to the financial market increases. The reason has a very Keynesian flavor.
Motives and Outcomes in Family Business Succession Planning

The family business succession planning literature routinely assumes two main motives on the part of incumbents: family business continuity across generations and family harmony. The cross–tabulation of these motives produces a typology consisting of four distinct combinations of motives for succession planning. In turn, these combinations suggest four outcomes of succession planning, framed as institutionalization, implosion, imposition, and individualization. The first two outcomes—institutionalization and implosion—are fully elucidated in the literature. The other two—imposition and individualization—are routinely overlooked. The proposed typology highlights the repertoire of motives that inform succession planning, and how they promote distinct succession outcomes.
In vitro comparison of a novel external fixator and traditional full-limb transfixation pin cast in horses.

OBJECTIVE To compare the mechanical properties and failure modes of a standardized short oblique distal radial metaphyseal osteotomy stabilized using either a transfixation pin cast (TPC), a modular-sidebar external skeletal fixator (ESF), or a solid-sidebar ESF (modular- or solid-ESF, respectively) using static or cyclic axial loading to failure. STUDY DESIGN In vitro study. ANIMALS Equine cadaver forelimbs. METHODS A 30 degrees oblique distal radial osteotomy was created and stabilized using 1 of the 3 fixation methods: (1) TPC, (2) modular-ESF, or (3) solid-ESF. Limbs were tested using static (TPC, modular-ESF, and solid-ESF) or cyclic (TPC and solid-ESF) axial loading to failure. The stiffness, yield load, yield displacement, failure load, and failure displacement for static loading and the cycles to failure for cyclic loading at 75% failure load were obtained. Data were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Level of significance was P<. 05. RESULTS The solid-ESF had a greater stiffness, higher yield and failure load and a lower yield and failure displacement than the TPC (P=.01) and the modular-ESF (P=.02). TPC had a higher yield load, failure load, and yield displacement than the modular-ESF (P=.01). Mean cycles to failure for TPC was 2996+/-657 at a load of 16,000 N and for solid-ESF 6560+/-90 cycles at a load of 25,000 N. CONCLUSIONS The solid-ESF was stiffer and stronger than the TPC and modular-ESF and failed at a greater number of cycles in axial loading compared with the TPC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study is an initial step in evaluating the solid-ESF. Further testing needs to be performed, but this fixation may offer a viable alternative to the traditional TPC for stabilization of long bone fractures in adult horses.
Has Financial Deregulation Revived the Permanent Income/Life Cycle Hypothesis?

The permanent income/life cycle hypothesis is tested using Australian data for periods covering the regulated and deregulated financial systems. The hypothesis is rejected for the entire sample period. Further investigation reveals that the rejection is confined to the period in which the financial system was regulated. The evidence points to liquidity constraints as being the cause of this rejection although the existence of myopic consumers may also be a possibility.
Structural Reforms and Labour‐Market Outcomes: International Panel‐Data Evidence

This paper explores the impact of structural reforms on a comprehensive set of macro-level labor-market outcomes, including the unemployment rate, the average wage index, and overall and female employment levels and labor force participation rates. Together these outcome variables capture the overall health of the labor market and the aggregate welfare of workers. Yet, there seems to be no other comprehensive empirical investigation in the existing literature of the impact of structural reforms at the cross-country macro level on labor-market outcomes other than the unemployment rate. Data were collected from a variety of sources, including the World Bank World Development Indicators, the International Monetary Fund International Financial Statistics, and the International Labor Organization Key Indicators of the Labor Market. The resulting dataset covers up to 88 countries, the majority being developing, for 10 years on either side of structural reforms that took place between 1960 and 2001. After documenting the average trends across countries in the labor-market outcomes up to 10 years on either side of each countrys structural reform year, the authors run fixed-effects ordinary least squares as well as instrumental variables regressions to account for the likely endogeneity of structural reforms to labor-market outcomes. Overall the results suggest that structural reforms lead to positive outcomes for labor. Unlike related literature, the paper does not find conclusive evidence on unemployment. Redistributive effects in favor of workers, along the lines of the Stolper-Samuelson effect, may be at work.
Impact of individual coping strategies and organisational work–life balance programmes on Australian employee well-being

This paper examines several individual coping strategies and employees' perception of organisational provision of work–life balance (WLB) programmes with a sample of 700 Australian employees. The combined effects of individual coping strategies and organisational provision of WLB programmes on employee affective well-being are examined, using structural equation modelling. Results indicate that individuals with positive attitudes and life coping strategies were more capable of achieving overall well-being. Both monetary- and non-monetary-based organisational WLB provision had no direct association with employee well-being, but had indirect effects via individual coping strategies to help employees achieve better well-being. Employee well-being was found to have a stronger association with individual effort than organisational deliberation in providing WLB programmes. Theoretical and practical implications of these study outcomes are discussed.
COMING CLEAN…AND CLEANING UP? EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF SELF-POLICING

As regulators increasingly embrace cooperative approaches to governance, voluntary public-private partnerships and self-regulation programs have proliferated. However, because few have been subjected to robust evaluation, little is known about whether these innovative approaches are achieving their objectives. In the context of a nationwide self-policing program that encourages companies to voluntarily self-disclose regulatory violations, we examine the behaviors of facilities and regulators to gain empirical insights on the theoretical promise of self-policing. We find that regulators reduce their scrutiny over selfpolicing facilities, and especially over facilities with strong past compliance records. We also find that self-policing is associated with subsequent improvements in compliance records.
The electrogenic sodium pump.

No wonder you activities are, reading will be always needed. It is not only to fulfil the duties that you need to finish in deadline time. Reading will encourage your mind and thoughts. Of course, reading will greatly develop your experiences about everything. Reading electrogenic sodium pump is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages. The advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
Demographics of Idiopathic Clubfoot: Is There a Seasonal Variation?

A seasonal variation in the incidence of idiopathic clubfoot has been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a seasonal variation existed in the authors' population. The medical records of 245 children who presented with idiopathic clubfoot were reviewed. Expected month of birth, month of conception, and season of birth were determined. National Vital Statistics Reports for Births: Final Data for 2001 provided comparison data. The authors' group differed from the national data, with a male predominance and a greater percentage of mothers less than 25 years old at delivery, but was similar in regard to infants born preterm, cesarean delivery, and low birthweight. Analysis failed to identify a monthly or seasonal variation in the authors' population.