Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Text Type, Text Length and Text Difficulty on Vocabulary Retention through Glossing

Vocabulary plays a pivotal role in the EFL classrooms, but the outcome for recalling the vocabulary items are not satisfactory. As a result, the current study aims at examining the effects of glossing on different types of texts with different difficulty levels and varying lengths on vocabulary retention. In a quasi-experimental within subject design two types of text, namely, expository and narrative, three difficulty levels of easy, standard and difficult and two text lengths, including short and long were utilized. Forty-one participants were exposed to the 12 texts and then took the post-test. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences in vocabulary retention of students (F 7.72), p=. 05. The findings of post- hoc analysis Tukey test indicated that the texts which were short with regard to length, easy with regard to difficulty, and expository with respect to type helped students retain the glossed words better than other texts.
Black Holes in Pseudobulges and Spheroidals: A Change in the Black Hole-Bulge Scaling Relations at Low Mass

We investigate the relationship between black hole mass and host galaxy properties for active galaxies with the lowest black hole masses currently known in galaxy nuclei. HST imaging confirms that the host galaxies have correspondingly low luminosity; they are ~1 mag below L*. In terms of morphology, ~60% of the members of the sample are disk dominated, and all of these are consistent with containing a bulge or (more likely) pseudobulge, while the remainder are compact systems with no discernible disk component. In general, the compact components of the galaxies do not obey the fundamental plane of giant elliptical galaxies and classical bulges, but rather are less centrally concentrated at a given luminosity, much like spheroidal galaxies. Our results strongly confirm that a classical bulge is not a requirement for a nuclear black hole. At the same time, the observed ratio of black hole to bulge mass is nearly an order of magnitude lower in this sample than that seen for classical bulges. While the MBH-σ* relation appears to continue to low mass, it seems that black hole-galaxy scaling relations do depend on galaxy structure.
A Comprehensive Radio and Optical Study of Abell 2256: Activity from an Infalling Group

Abell 2256 is a nearby (z ≈ 0.06), rich cluster of galaxies with fascinating observed properties across a range of wavelengths. Long believed to represent a cluster merger, recent X-ray and optical results have suggested that in addition to the primary cluster and subcluster there is evidence for a third, poorer system. We present wide-field high-sensitivity 1.4 GHz VLA radio observations of Abell 2256 in conjunction with optical imaging and additional spectroscopy. Over 40 cluster radio galaxies are identified, with optical spectroscopy indicating the emission source (star formation or active galactic nucleus) for most of them. While the overall fraction of galaxies exhibiting radio emission is consistent with a large sample of other nearby clusters, we find an increase in the activity level of galaxies belonging to the third system (hereafter "the Group"). Specifically, the Group has relatively more star formation than both the primary cluster and main subcluster. The position of the Group is also coincident with the observed cluster radio relic. We suggest that the Group recently (∼0.3 Gyr) merged with the primary cluster and that this merger, not the ongoing merger of the primary and the main subcluster, might be responsible for many of the unusual radio properties of Abell 2256. Furthermore, the greater star formation activity of the Group suggests that the infall of groups is an important driver of galaxy evolution in clusters.
Determinants of Overall and Progression-Free Survival of Nigerian Patients with Philadelphia-Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Objective. The tyrosine kinase inhibitors have markedly changed the disease course for patients with Ph+ and/or BCR-ABL1 + chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This study was embarked upon to assess the long-term effects of imatinib therapy on survival in adult Nigerian patients with CML. Methods. All adult patients on imatinib (400–600 mg) seen from July 2003 to December 2010 were assessed. Male/female distribution was 171/101, with a median age of 38 (range, 20–75) years. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were determined using the Kaplan-Meier techniques. Results. Of all the 272 patients, 205 were in chronic phase, 54 in accelerated phase, and five in blastic phase, at commencement of imatinib. As at December 2010, 222 were alive. OS at 1 and 5 years was 94% and 63%, while PFS was 89% and 54%, respectively. Similarly, amongst the 205 patients in chronic phase, OS at 1 and 5 years was 97% and 68%, while PFS was 92% and 57%. Conclusion. Imatinib's place as first-line therapy in the treatment of CML has further been reinforced in our patients, with improved survival and reduced morbidity, comparable with outcomes in other populations.
Rapid Global Expansion of the Fungal Disease Chytridiomycosis into Declining and Healthy Amphibian Populations

The fungal disease chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, is enigmatic because it occurs globally in both declining and apparently healthy (non-declining) amphibian populations. This distribution has fueled debate concerning whether, in sites where it has recently been found, the pathogen was introduced or is endemic. In this study, we addressed the molecular population genetics of a global collection of fungal strains from both declining and healthy amphibian populations using DNA sequence variation from 17 nuclear loci and a large fragment from the mitochondrial genome. We found a low rate of DNA polymorphism, with only two sequence alleles detected at each locus, but a high diversity of diploid genotypes. Half of the loci displayed an excess of heterozygous genotypes, consistent with a primarily clonal mode of reproduction. Despite the absence of obvious sex, genotypic diversity was high (44 unique genotypes out of 59 strains). We provide evidence that the observed genotypic variation can be generated by loss of heterozygosity through mitotic recombination. One strain isolated from a bullfrog possessed as much allelic diversity as the entire global sample, suggesting the current epidemic can be traced back to the outbreak of a single clonal lineage. These data are consistent with the current chytridiomycosis epidemic resulting from a novel pathogen undergoing a rapid and recent range expansion. The widespread occurrence of the same lineage in both healthy and declining populations suggests that the outcome of the disease is contingent on environmental factors and host resistance.
Disclosing accommodation needs: exploring experiences of higher education students with disabilities

ABSTRACT Despite increased access, students with disabilities in higher education face barriers and report greater dissatisfaction than peers without disabilities [Mullins and Preyde 2013; Strnadová, Hájková, and Květoňová 2015]. Many U.S. institutions require students to present faculty with documentation prior to receiving academic accommodations; qualitative research indicates that this process of disclosing and requesting accommodations is uncomfortable. The current study sought to identify specific areas of discomfort associated with the accommodation request process and to identify individual differences related to apparentness of condition. One-hundred and fifty-five students from 2 universities responded to a survey addressing disclosing, requesting and using accommodations. Survey results indicated that participants lacked opportunities to privately disclose to faculty and revealed a significant relationship between lack of private disclosure opportunities and increased discomfort. Participants also reported discomfort and disrespectful treatment when disclosing to peers, echoing previous research and underscoring the need for private disclosure opportunities. Students with mental health related nonapparent disabilities reported significantly higher discomfort when disclosing and more negative peer interactions than students with apparent conditions or nonapparent learning difficulties. Findings highlight barriers present in systems that require students to present accommodation documentation and emphasise the role of peers in fostering inclusive environments.
Best N-term approximation in electronic structure calculations.I. One-electron reduced density matrix

We discuss best N -term approximation spaces for one-electron wavefunctions and reduced density matrices ρ emerging from Hartree-Fock and density functional theory. The approximation spaces for anisotropic wavelet tensor product bases have been recently characterized by Nitsche in terms of tensor product Besov spaces. We have used the norm equivalence of these spaces to weighted spaces of wavelet coefficients to proof that both and ρ are in for all with . Our proof is based on the assumption that the possess an asymptotic smoothness property at the electron-nuclear cusps.
Cultured myoblasts from patients affected by myotonic dystrophy type 2 exhibit senescence-related features: ultrastructural evidence

Myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by the expansion of the tetranucleotidic repeat (CCTG)n in the first intron of the Zinc Finger Protein-9 gene. In DM2 tissues, the expanded mutant transcripts accumulate in nuclear focal aggregates where splicing factors are sequestered, thus affecting mRNA processing. Interestingly, the ultrastructural alterations in the splicing machinery observed in the myonuclei of DM2 skeletal muscles are reminiscent of the nuclear changes occurring in age-related muscle atrophy. Here, we investigated in vitro structural and functional features of satellite cell-derived myoblasts from biceps brachii, in the attempt to investigate cell senescence indices in DM2 patients by ultrastructural cytochemistry. We observed that in satellite cell-derived DM2 myoblasts, cell-senescence alterations such as cytoplasmic vacuolization, reduction of the proteosynthetic apparatus, accumulation of heterochromatin and impairment of the pre-mRNA maturation pathways occur earlier than in myoblasts from healthy patients. These results, together with preliminary in vitro observations on the early onset of defective structural features in DM2 myoblast derived-myotubes, suggest that the regeneration capability of DM2 satellite cells may be impaired, thus contributing to the muscular dystrophy in DM2 patients.
Fluvastatin Enhances the Inhibitory Effects of a Selective AT1 Receptor Blocker, Valsartan, on Atherosclerosis

We investigated the effects of a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl–coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) on the inhibitory effects of an angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1) blocker on atherosclerosis and explored cellular mechanisms. We gave apolipoprotein E null mice a high-cholesterol diet for 10 weeks and measured atherosclerotic plaque area and lipid deposition. Neither 1 mg/kg per day of valsartan nor 3 mg/kg per day of fluvastatin had any effect on blood pressure or cholesterol concentration; however, both drugs decreased plaque area and lipid deposition after 10 weeks. We then reduced the doses of both drugs to 0.1 mg/kg per day and 1 mg/kg per day, respectively. At these doses, neither drug had an effect on atherosclerotic lesions. When both drugs were combined at these doses, a significant reduction in atherosclerotic lesions was observed. Similar inhibitory effects of valsartan or fluvastatin on the expressions of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits p22phox and p47phox, production of superoxide anion, the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression were observed. These results suggest that concomitant AT1 receptor and cholesterol biosynthesis blockade, particularly when given concomitantly, blunts oxidative stress and inflammation independent of blood pressure or cholesterol-related effects.
Enhancement of Hardware-Software Partition for Embedded Multiprocessor FPGA Systems

In this paper, we propose an enhancement partition method that incorporates formal partition, fitting system constraints and hardware orient partition algorithm to solve partitioning issue for embedded multiprocessor FPGA systems. With formal partition, we can rapidly obtain a set of partitioning results that satisfy the system constraints on the number of processors. To fit various system constraints, we find out all partition result sets by fitting system constraints. Finally, hardware orient partition can provide a nearly best partition result for designer to develop multiprocessors system-on-a-chip system. Experiment results show that the proposed method can obtain the fitting best partitioning result than other partitioning method using JPEG encoding system example.
Does Early Algebra Matter? The Effectiveness of an Early Algebra Intervention in Grades 3 to 5

A cluster randomized trial design was used to examine the effectiveness of a Grades 3 to 5 early algebra intervention with a diverse student population. Forty-six schools in three school districts participated. Students in treatment schools were taught the intervention by classroom teachers during regular mathematics instruction. Students in control schools received only regular mathematics instruction. Using a three-level longitudinal piecewise hierarchical linear model, the study explored the impact of the intervention in terms of both performance (correctness) and strategy use in students’ responses to written algebra assessments. Results show that during Grade 3, treatment students, including those in at-risk settings, improved at a significantly faster rate than control students on both outcome measures and maintained their advantage throughout the intervention.
Subtitling multilingual films: the case of "Inglourious Basterds"

Rooted in the Descriptive Translation Studies paradigm, this paper starts by discussing some of the main subtitling constraints that impinge on the translator’s task and moves on to analyse the various strategies employed in the subtitled Spanish version of Tarantino’s multilingual film "Inglourious Basterds". Bearing in mind that the film was made with English, as the predominant language, and is peppered with German, French and Italian scenes, this analysis aims to examine how the combination of the SLs is reflected through subtitles. In order to resort to triangulation, a quantitative analysis of data is contrasted with a subtitler’s interview of the Spanish version, analysed qualitatively. In doing so, it is hoped to shed some light on what the final product received by the audience is like as far as multilingual films are concerned.
Mini-FLOTAC, an Innovative Direct Diagnostic Technique for Intestinal Parasitic Infections: Experience from the Field

Background Soil-transmitted helminths and intestinal protozoa infection are widespread in developing countries, yet an accurate diagnosis is rarely performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recently developed mini–FLOTAC method and to compare with currently more widely used techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections in different settings. Methodology/Principal Findings The study was carried out in Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh, India, and in Bukumbi, Tanzania. A total of 180 pupils from two primary schools had their stool analyzed (n = 80 in Dharamsala and n = 100 in Bukumbi) for intestinal parasitic infections with three diagnostic methods: direct fecal smear, formol-ether concentration method (FECM) and mini-FLOTAC. Overall, 72% of the pupils were positive for any intestinal parasitic infection, 24% carried dual infections and 11% three infections or more. The most frequently encountered intestinal parasites were Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Giardia intestinalis, hookworm, (and Schistosoma mansoni, in Tanzania). Statistically significant differences were found in the detection of parasitic infections among the three methods: mini-FLOTAC was the most sensitive method for helminth infections (90% mini-FLOTAC, 60% FECM, and 30% direct fecal smear), whereas FECM was most sensitive for intestinal protozoa infections (88% FECM, 70% direct fecal smear, and 68% mini-FLOTAC). Conclusion/Significance We present the first experiences with the mini-FLOTAC for the diagnosis of intestinal helminths and protozoa. Our results suggest that it is a valid, sensitive and potentially low-cost alternative technique that could be used in resource-limited settings — particularly for helminth diagnosis.
Agent-based economic models and econometrics

Abstract This paper reviews the development of agent-based (computational) economics (ACE) from an econometrics viewpoint. The review comprises three stages, characterizing the past, the present, and the future of this development. The first two stages can be interpreted as an attempt to build the econometric foundation of ACE, and, through that, enrich its empirical content. The second stage may then invoke a reverse reflection on the possible agent-based foundation of econometrics. While ACE modeling has been applied to different branches of economics, the one, and probably the only one, which is able to provide evidence of this three-stage development is finance or financial economics. We will, therefore, focus our review only on the literature of agent-based computational finance, or, more specifically, the agent-based modeling of financial markets.
Family interaction and the development of borderline personality disorder: A transactional model

Although no prospective epidemiological studies have evaluated the relationship between family interactions and the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD), there is considerable evidence for the central role of family interactions in the development of BPD. This paper describes the role of family interactions or processes, especially those that might be regarded as invalidating or conflictual, negative or critical, and the absence of more validating, positive, supportive, empathic interactions, in the development of BPD. Perhaps more importantly, the proposed model considers how these parental and family behaviors transact with the child's own behaviors and emotional vulnerabilities, resulting in a developmental model of BPD that is neither blaming of the family member with BPD nor of her or his parents and caregivers, and has important and specific implications for both prevention and intervention.
Asynchronous fixed-grid scanning with dynamic codes

In this paper, we examine several methods for including dynamic, contextually-sensitive binary codes within indirect selection typing methods using a grid with fixed symbol positions. Using Huffman codes derived from a character n-gram model, we investigate both synchronous (fixed latency highlighting) and asynchronous (self-paced using long versus short press) scanning. Additionally, we look at methods that allow for scanning past a target and returning to it versus methods that remove unselected items from consideration. Finally, we investigate a novel method for displaying the binary codes for each symbol to the user, rather than using cell highlighting, as the means for identifying the required input sequence for the target symbol. We demonstrate that dynamic coding methods for fixed position grids can be tailored for very diverse user requirements.
A model-based approach to the development of distributed control systems

Distributed Control Systems (DCS) are a class of application with specific characteristics. This type of system is used in industrial environments to control manufacturing processes. Usually they comprise a controller, a fieldbus network, and a set of Of-The-Shelf (OTS) components, interfacing process signals with real-time QoS requirements. In this paper we present a Model Driven Development (MDD) method that targets this category of systems. This method focuses on the critical stages of DCS development. Namely, the specification of system requirements, the choice of OTS modules and fieldbus system, and the validation of the design using real-time analysis tools. This MDD method uses the Unified modelling Language (UML) as support notation, including the extensions defined in the UML Profile for Schedulability, Performance and Time Specification.
A Comparative Analysis of Fixed Income Unit Trust Funds versus Equity Unit Trust Funds in Malaysia

This study examines the relationship between fixed income unit trust funds and equity unit trust funds for the period of January 2006 to October 2012. The performance of both types of funds are then compared to the market benchmark to determine whether they outperformed the market benchmark. The performance comparisons are made over several categories of equity sample namely overall equity, growth equity and value equity. The Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI) is used as the market benchmark for equity funds and fixed income funds with additional market benchmark of Maybank 12-month fixed deposit. A total of 31 fixed income funds and 57 overall equity funds which are made up of 37 growth equity and 20 value equity are evaluated by using three performance measures namely Treynor index, Sharpe index and Jensen index. The results indicate that the mean returns of equity funds are higher than the fixed income funds and market benchmark of KLCI. Nevertheless, when equity funds are compared against fixed income funds using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, Sharpe and Treynor ratios produce significant results. This means that the performance of fixed income funds varies from the performance of equity funds. However the Jensen index produces insignificant result. When the sample categorised into different equity types of funds, the finding shows a conflicting result. The Sharpe and Jensen ratios indicate insignificant results for growth equity funds sample. This means that the performance of fixed income funds is not different from that of equity funds in comparison to Treynor that shows a significant result. As for the value equity, Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen produce results that are significant. This means that the performance of fixed income funds varies from that of equity funds.
Towards a typological theory of organizational IT innovation adoption

Through a review and synthesis of literature in IS and reference disciplines, a typological theory of organizational IT innovation adoption is developed. The theory goes beyond simple linear additive (or multiplicative) effects in the traditional paradigm of IT innovation research, and proposes that Ideal Types of IT adoption are outcomes of synergy among four typology constructs: IT Adoption Mechanism, Diffusion Source, IT Innovation Characteristics, and Organizational Characteristics. It then describes the resulting four ideal types (holistic configurations), namely, IT adoption for Efficiency Increment, IT adoption for Organizational Transformation, IT adoption for Compliance, and IT adoption for Prestige. This theory aims at resolving a number of limitations and inconsistencies found in the traditional paradigm of IT innovation diffusion research.
Electrode Circuits for Frequency- and Code-Division Multiplexed Impedance Tomography

Traditional impedance tomography measurement systems make sequential four-terminal impedance measurements. Potentially faster frequency- and code-division multiplexed impedance measurement systems require that simultaneous current injection and voltage measurement take place at all terminals, making four-terminal measurements difficult. We describe an electrode interface circuit that simultaneously implements balanced current injection, and current and potential measurement, allowing four-terminal measurements on sets of multiple electrodes using these faster techniques. Circuit results show that accurate simultaneous four-terminal measurements are possible, thereby enabling faster impedance tomography systems.