Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Signature Tree Construction and Analysis

Advanced database application areas, such as computer aided design, office automation, digital libraries, data-mining, as well as hypertext and multimedia systems, need to handle complex data structures with set-valued attributes, which can be represented as bit strings, called signatures. A set of signatures can be stored in a file, called a signature file. In this paper, we propose a new method to organize a signature file into a tree structure, called a signature tree, to speed up the signature file scanning and query evaluation. In addition, the average time complexity of searching a signature tree is analyzed and how to maintain a signature tree on disk is discussed. We also conducted experiments, which show that the approach of signature trees provides a promising index structure
Power calculations for genetic association studies using estimated probability distributions.

The determination of the power of-or of an appropriate sample size for-genetic association studies that exploit linkage disequilibrium requires many assumptions. Some of the more important assumptions include the linkage-disequilibrium strength among alleles at the observed marker-locus sites and a potential trait-influencing locus, the frequencies of the marker locus and trait-influencing alleles, and the ultimate density of the marker locus "map" (i.e., the number of bases between marker loci) necessary in order to identify, with some confidence, trait-influencing alleles. I consider an approach to assessment of the power and sample-size requirements of genetic case-control association study designs that makes use of empirically derived estimates of the distributions of important parameters often assumed to take on arbitrary values. My proposed methodology is extremely general and flexible and ultimately can provide realistic answers to questions such as "How many markers and/or how many individuals might it take to identify, with confidence, a disease gene, via linkage-disequilibrium and association methods from a candidate region or whole genome perspective? " I showcase aspects of the proposed methodology, using information abstracted from the literature.
Galactic Chemical Evolution of Heavy Elements: From Barium to Europium

We follow the chemical evolution of the Galaxy for elements from Ba to Eu, using an evolutionary model suitable for reproducing a large set of Galactic (local and nonlocal) and extragalactic constraints. Input stellar yields for neutron-rich nuclei have been separated into their s-process and r-process components. The production of s-process elements in thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch stars of low mass proceeds from the combined operation of two neutron sources: the dominant reaction 13C(α, n)16O, which releases neutrons in radiative conditions during the interpulse phase, and the reaction 22Ne(α, n)25Mg, marginally activated during thermal instabilities. The resulting s-process distribution is strongly dependent on the stellar metallicity. For the standard model discussed in this paper, there is a sharp production of the Ba-peak elements around Z ≃ Z☉/4. Concerning the r-process yields, we assume that the production of r-nuclei is a primary process occurring in stars near the lowest mass limit for Type II supernova progenitors. The r-contribution to each nucleus is computed as the difference between its solar abundance and its s-contribution, given by the Galactic chemical evolution model at the epoch of the formation of the solar system. We compare our results with spectroscopic abundances of elements from Ba to Eu at various metallicities (mainly from F and G stars), showing that the observed trends can be understood in the light of present knowledge of neutron capture nucleosynthesis. Finally, we discuss a number of emerging features that deserve further scrutiny.
How Often Should Reputation Mechanisms Update a Trader's Reputation Profile?

Reputation mechanisms have become an important component of electronic markets, helping to build trust and elicit cooperation among loosely connected and geographically dispersed economic agents. Understanding the impact of different reputation mechanism design parameters on the resulting market efficiency has thus emerged as a question of theoretical and practical interest. Along these lines, this note studies the impact of the frequency of reputation profile updates on cooperation and efficiency. The principal finding is that, in trading settings with pure moral hazard and noisy ratings, if the per-period profit margin of cooperating sellers is sufficiently high, a mechanism that does not publish every single rating it receives but rather only updates a trader's public reputation profile every k transactions with a summary statistic of a trader's most recent k ratings can induce higher average levels of cooperation and market efficiency than a mechanism that publishes all ratings as soon as they are posted. This paper derives expressions for calculating the optimal profile updating interval k, discusses the implications of this finding for existing systems, such as eBay, and proposes alternative reputation mechanism architectures that attain higher maximum efficiency than the, currently popular, reputation mechanisms that publish summaries of a trader's recent ratings.
Prevention of Divorce-Related Problems in Dutch 4- to 8-Year-Olds

Objective: Parental divorce has strong impacts on children. Evidence-based programs to support young children after parental divorce are rare. The U.S.-developed Children of Divorce Intervention Program (CODIP) is one of these. CODIP’s effectiveness outside the U.S. setting is to be further replicated. This study aimed at cultural adaptation of CODIP for Dutch 4- to 8-year-olds, evaluation of the feasibility of adapted CODIP-Netherlands modules (CODIP-NL) in the Dutch setting, and comparison with U.S. results. Methods: A pilot study (N = 43) was conducted, comprising nine CODIP-NL groups. Results: Results showed intermediate and end users to be satisfied. Outcomes improved regarding mother-, teacher-, and group leader–reported child functioning. Standardized effect estimates were smaller than those found in the United States. Conclusions: CODIP-NL seems to be a feasible and satisfactory method to reduce divorce-related problems in Dutch 4- to 8-year-olds. This study could provide guidance to researchers interested in adapting research-based interventions to different cultural settings.
On three types of dialect variation, and their implications for linguistic theory. Evidence from verb clusters in Swiss German dialects.

Dialectology and typology are both concerned with the empirical investigation of the variability of grammars. In the present paper I will argue that three basic types of dialect variation must be distinguished. The distinction between diatopic, conditioned and free variation reveals many more different systematic arrangements of structural options than a purely non-geographical enumeration of phenomena would. Therefore, the distinction proposed here allows us to make more precise statements concerning the typologically relevant issue as to which grammatical features can combine, and how they combine. The study is based on evidence from Swiss German verb clusters and their geographical distribution. I will show that transitions from one to another pattern are gradual, yet follow a certain systematicity. From these facts, specific requirements for an architecture of grammar emerge: a grammar must allow for variable outputs and preference directions. I will propose a way how these requirements can be satisfied within an Optimality theoretic setting. 1. Introductory remarks: Dialectology and typology 2. The limitations of microscopic variation 3. The geography of Swiss German verb clusters 4. Three types of dialect variation 5. Variable output grammars and Optimality Theory 6. Conclusion 1. Introductory remarks: Dialectology and typology At first glance, typology and dialectology seem to be two linguistic subdisciplines between which not much interaction is possible. Traditionally, typological work has indeed not influenced dialectological work much, and vice versa. In recent times, however, the picture has changed. The contribution that dialects and dialect variation may make to
A List-Based Strategy for Optimal Replica Placement in Data Grid Systems

Data replications is a typical strategy for improving access performance and data availability in data grid systems. Current works on data replication in grid systems focus on the infrastructure for data replication and the mechanism of replicas creation and deletion.The important problem of choosing suitable locations for placing replicas in data grids has not been fully studied. This paper addresses replica placement problem in data grids when given a sequence of priority lists that specify the forwarding policies for data requests. We propose the concept of priority list to address two issues. First, a user may have limited authority in accessing the resources, and thus his/her data requests should be prohibited from accessing some of the sites. Second, a static policy may not satisfy a data request with special requirements (e.g. quality of service requirement). In this priority-list-based model we propose a placement algorithm that finds optimal locations for replicas so that the workload among the replicas is balanced. We also propose an algorithm that determines the minimum number of replicas when the maximum workload capacity of each replica is given.
Leveraging percolation theory to single out influential spreaders in networks

Among the consequences of the disordered interaction topology underlying many social, technological, and biological systems, a particularly important one is that some nodes, just because of their position in the network, may have a disproportionate effect on dynamical processes mediated by the complex interaction pattern. For example, the early adoption of a commercial product by an opinion leader in a social network may change its fate or just a few superspreaders may determine the virality of a meme in social media. Despite many recent efforts, the formulation of an accurate method to optimally identify influential nodes in complex network topologies remains an unsolved challenge. Here, we present the exact solution of the problem for the specific, but highly relevant, case of the susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model for epidemic spreading at criticality. By exploiting the mapping between bond percolation and the static properties of the SIR model, we prove that the recently introduced nonbacktracking centrality is the optimal criterion for the identification of influential spreaders in locally tree-like networks at criticality. By means of simulations on synthetic networks and on a very extensive set of real-world networks, we show that the nonbacktracking centrality is a highly reliable metric to identify top influential spreaders also in generic graphs not embedded in space and for noncritical spreading.
For Peer Review Early Harsh Parenting Predicts Parent Reports of Deceitful- Callous Behavior in Early Childhood

Background: The relationship between parenting and the development of antisocial behavior in children is well established. However, the evidence for associations between dimensions of parenting and callous unemotional (CU) traits is mixed. As CU traits appear critical to understanding a subgroup of youth with antisocial behavior, more research addressing the link between early parenting and CU traits is needed. Methods: The current study investigated the longitudinal prediction between measures of harsh and positive parenting, and early CU behavior. Data from mother-child dyads (N=731) were collected from a multi-ethnic, high-risk sample with young children, and included self-reported and multi-method observed parenting. CU behavior was assessed using a previously validated measure of deceitful-callous behavior (Hyde et al., in press). Results: The results support the importance of observed harsh parenting and parent-reported harshness for deceitful-callous behavior development, but not for dimensions of positive parenting. Conclusions: The current findings have implications for developmental psychopathology and early interventions for antisocial behavior. The results also raise a number of issues about measuring emerging CU behavior in very young children, including the complex interrelation between parent perceptions and reports of child behavior, parent reactions, and the subsequent development of severe antisocial behavior.
Testing knowledge sharing effectiveness: trust, motivation, leadership style, workplace spirituality and social network embedded model

Abstract The aim of this inquiry is to investigate the relationships among the antecedents of knowledge sharing effectiveness under the position of non-academic staff of higher learning institutions through an empirical test of a conceptual model consisting of trust, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, leadership style, workplace spirituality and online social network. This study used the respondents from the non-academic staff of higher learning institutions in Malaysia (n = 200), utilizing a self-administered survey questionnaire. The structural equation modeling approach was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The outcomes indicate that all the antecedents play a substantial function in knowledge sharing effectiveness. In addition, perceived risk plays a mediating role between trust and knowledge sharing effectiveness. On the other hand, this research also proved the communication skill also plays a mediating role between leadership style and knowledge sharing effectiveness. This study contributes to pioneering empirical findings on knowledge sharing literature under the scope of the non-academic staff perspective.
Making the Method Fit: an Industrial Experience in Adopting Feature-oriented Domain Analysis (foda)

As a result of applying this process to the avionics domain, two key insight were gained: the need for integrated hypermedia tool support to represent domain knowledge and the need to support the capture and analysis of “operational requirements” or scenarios. In 1993, ADAGE developed a Tcl/Tk-based scenario-based domain analysis tool called DOMAIN (Domain Models All INtegrated). In 1994, a java-based version of this same tool was completed. Both tools had built-in support for object-oriented patterns that would form the micro-architectures of subsystems in the overall software architecture.
Gut immunity: its development and reasons and opportunities for modulation in monogastric production animals

Abstract The intestine performs the critical roles of nutrient acquisition, tolerance of innocuous and beneficial microorganisms, while retaining the ability to respond appropriately to undesirable microbes or microbial products and preventing their translocation to more sterile body compartments. Various components contribute to antimicrobial defenses in the intestine. The mucus layer(s), antimicrobial peptides and IgA provide the first line of defense, and seek to trap and facilitate the removal of invading microbes. If breached, invading microbes next encounter a single layer of epithelial cells and, below this, the lamina propria with its associated immune cells. The gut immune system has developmental stages, and studies from different species demonstrate that innate capability develops earlier than acquired. In addition, various factors may influence the developmental process; for example, the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, antimicrobials, maternally derived antibodies, host genetics, and various stressors (e.g. feed deprivation). Therefore, it is clear that particularly younger (meat-producing) animals are reliant on innate immune responses (as well as passive immunity) for a considerable period of their productive life, and thus focusing on modulating appropriate innate responses should be an intervention priority. The gut microbiota is probably the most influential factor for immune development and capability. Interventions (e.g. probiotics, prebiotics, antibodies, etc.) that appropriately modulate the composition or activity of the intestinal microbiota can play an important role in shaping the desired functionality of the innate (and acquired) response. In addition, innate immune mediators, such as toll-like receptor agonists, cytokines, etc., may provide more specific ways to suitably modulate the response. A better understanding of mucosal immunology, signaling pathways, and processes, etc., will provide even more precise methods in the future to boost innate immune capability and minimize any associated (e.g. nutrient) costs. This will provide the livestock industry with more effective options to promote robust and efficient productivity.
Polypharmacy and hospitalization among older home care patients.

BACKGROUND One of the major goals of home care is the prevention of hospitalization. The objective of this study was to examine the relation between medication use (number, type, and inappropriateness) and hospitalization among home care patients older than 65 years. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 833 discharged older home care patients was performed. These patients were consecutive discharges from a single home care agency who either (a) returned to independent self-care or care of the family (S/F Care group) or (b) were admitted to the hospital (Hospitalized group). Medication assessment within these two groups included total number of medications (prescription and nonprescription); degree of polypharmacy (percentage of patients taking 5 or more, 7 or more, and 10 or more medications); and prevalence for different types of medications, including different types of inappropriate medications. Inappropriate medications were designated according to a list that was previously developed through a modified Delphi consensus technique by a panel of 13 experts in geriatric pharmacology and has been utilized in other studies. Student's t test was used for continuous variables and chi-square test was used for categorical variables to evaluate for differences between the S/F Care group and the Hospitalized group (p <.05). For comparisons of types of medications, p < . 01 was used for significant differences, because of the high number of comparisons made. RESULTS Of 833 discharges, 644 (77.3%) returned to self-care or care of the Family (S/F Care group) and 189 (22.7%) were hospitalized. The Hospitalized group, compared with the S/F Care group, was taking a higher number of medications (mean +/- SD: 6.6+/-3.9 vs 5.7+/-3.4, p = .004), and had a higher percentage of patients taking 7 or more medications (46% vs 26%, p = .002) and 10 or more medications (21% vs 10%, p = .005), but not 5 or more medications. Only three types of medications were more commonly used among patients in the Hospitalized group than among patients in the S/F Care group: clonidine (4.2% vs 1.1%, p = .004); mineral supplements (23.8% vs 14.8%, p = .003); and metoclopramide (5.8% vs 2.0%, p = .006). The Hospitalized group had a lower percentage of patients taking inappropriate medications than did the S/F Care group (20% vs 27%, p = .040), but none of the types of inappropriate medications was used more often in either group. CONCLUSIONS This study shows a relationship between high levels of polypharmacy and hospitalization. Although it cannot be determined from this study whether a higher number of medications was an indicator of sicker patients at risk for hospitalization, or whether a higher number of medications might have directly led to hospitalization, polypharmacy should still be considered a marker for older home care patients for whom prevention of hospitalization is the goal.
A magnetohydrodynamical model for the formation of episodic jets

Episodic ejection of plasma blobs has been observed in many black hole systems. While steady, continuous jets are believed to be associated with large-scale open magnetic fields, what causes the episodic ejection of blobs remains unclear. Here by analogy with the coronal mass ejection on the Sun, we propose a magnetohydrodynamical model for episodic ejections from black holes associated with the closed magnetic fields in an accretion flow. Shear and turbulence of the accretion flow deform the field and result in the formation of a flux rope in the disc corona. Energy and helicity are accumulated and stored until a threshold is reached. The system then loses its equilibrium and the flux rope is thrust outward by the magnetic compression force in a catastrophic way. Our calculations show that for parameters appropriate for the black hole in our Galactic centre, the plasmoid can attain relativistic speeds in about 35 min.
Pathophysiology and molecular aspects of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the West. In Brazil, it is the fifth cause of cancer, with more than 55,000 cases and 26,000 deaths per year. At Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - HCFMUSP, diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma represents 49.7% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases. Initially, the classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma was based on morphology, but advances in immunology and molecular medicine allowed the introduction of a biological classification for these diseases. As for other cancers, non-Hodgkin lymphoma involves patterns of multifactorial pathogenesis with environmental factors, as well as genetic, occupational and dietary factors, contributing to its development. Multiple lesions involving molecular pathways of B-cell proliferation and differentiation may result in the activation of oncogenes such as the BCL2, BCL6, and MYC genes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes such as p53 and INK4, as well as other important transcription factors such as OCT-1 and OCT-2. A dramatic improvement in survival was seen after the recent introduction of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. The association of this antibody to the cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin and prednisolone (CHOP) regimen has increased overall survival of diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma patients by 20%. However, 50% of all diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma patients remain incurable, creating a demand for more research with new advances in treatment. Thus, it is important to know and understand the key factors and molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma.