Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Model of Turbulence in Magnetized Plasmas: Implications for the Dissipation Range in the Solar Wind

This paper studies the turbulent cascade of magnetic energy in weakly col- lisional magnetized plasmas. A cascade model is presented, based on the assumptions of local nonlinear energy transfer in wavenumber space, critical balance between linear propagation and nonlinear interaction times, and the applicability of linear dissipation rates for the nonlinearly turbulent plasma. The model follows the nonlinear cascade of energy from the driving scale in the MHD regime, through the transition at the ion Lar- mor radius into the kinetic Alfven wave regime, in which the turbulence is dissipated by kinetic processes. The turbulent fluctuations remain at frequencies below the ion cy- clotron frequency due to the strong anisotropy of the turbulent fluctuations, kk ≪ k⊥ (implied by critical balance). In this limit, the turbulence is optimally described by gy- rokinetics; it is shown that the gyrokinetic approximation is well satisfied for typical slow solar wind parameters. Wave phase velocity measurements are consistent with a kinetic Alfven wave cascade and not the onset of ion cyclotron damping. The conditions under which the gyrokinetic cascade reaches the ion cyclotron frequency are established. Cas- cade model solutions imply that collisionless damping provides a natural explanation for the observed range of spectral indices in the dissipation range of the solar wind. The dis- sipation range spectrum is predicted to be an exponential fall off; the power-law behav- ior apparent in observations may be an artifact of limited instrumental sensitivity. The cascade model is motivated by a programme of gyrokinetic simulations of turbulence and particle heating in the solar wind.
Exploring the Mechanism for Prototype Elicitation Effect in Insight

This study selected logogriph(a riddle about a Chinese Character) problem as the material and investigated the theory of the activation of prototypal matters in insight problem solving through the "X vs.X(X=3,6,9)" learning and testing experimental paradigm,and explored whether the activation of prototypal matters was effected by the increasing of the amount of learning and the elicitation index.The results showed that:(1) the activation of prototypal matters wasn't effected evidently by the increasing of the amount of learning;(2) "elicitation " was an effective index and it greatly effected the activation of prototypal matters;(3) the results supported the idea that the activation of the prototypal matters came as a result of automatic processing and the activation of heuristic information in prototypal matters maybe the result of automatic processing.
The effects of self-regulated learning intervention on students’ motivation in learning history

In academic and educational field, self-regulated learning (SRL) has drawn great interest for educational research in the past few decades because of its characteristics that could influence students learning behavior and their achievement levels. Previous studies have revealed the importance of SRL by linking it to positive motivation, application of appropriate learning strategies and desirable academic outcomes. SRL studies in Malaysia mainly focus on the examination of factors and predictors that affect students SRL. No research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of SRL strategies intervene students motivation and use of learning strategies in learning. As such, the main purpose of this study is to investigate student motivational level and use of learning strategies in learning History before and after intervention program. In order to attain comprehensive picture and rich information for teachers and policy makers to design appropriate learning contexts in schools, SRL strategies used in this study has been integrated into form four History. This is a pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design which consists of 58 form four students from a secondary school. Thirty (30) of them were in experimental group and twenty eight (28) were in control groups. Sequential quantitative and qualitative data collections were engaged. Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was used as research instrument to collect quantitative data in this study whereas Self-regulated learning Interview Schedule (SRLIS) was used as qualitative research instrument. T-test was used as statistical method to analyze quantitative data and thematic transcription was used to analyze qualitative data. Statistic findings indicate that mean score of student motivation and use of learning strategies increased significantly after intervention of SRL strategies.
Factors a ff ecting the outcome of territorial contests between hatchery and naturally reared coho salmon parr in the laboratory

In aquarium experiments using coho salmon as a model species, prior residents dominated intruders of the same size but intruders with a 6% length advantage were equally matched against prior residents. Prior winning experience (distinct from individual recognition) also strongly influenced competitive success and overcame a prior residence effect. Coho salmon reared in a hatchery dominated size-matched fish from the same parental population reared in a stream. Hatchery-reared salmon also dominated naturally spawned salmon, even when the wild salmon were prior residents. Thus the combined effects of greater size and rearing experience of hatchery-produced salmon were sufficient to overcome a wild salmon’s advantage of prior residence. Efforts to rehabilitate salmonid populations must consider such behavioural interactions if displacement of wild fish is to be prevented.
The Condensed matter physics of QCD

Important progress in understanding the behavior of hadronic matter at high density has been achieved recently, by adapting the techniques of condensed matter theory. At asymptotic densities, the combination of asymptotic freedom and BCS theory make a rigorous analysis possible. New phases of matter with remarkable properties are predicted. They provide a theoretical laboratory within which chiral symmetry breaking and confinement can be studied at weak coupling. They may also play a role in the description of neutron star interiors. We discuss the phase diagram of QCD as a function of temperature and density, and close with a look at possible astrophysical signatures.
Electrophysiological estimates of the time course of semantic and phonological encoding during implicit picture naming.

Two different event-related potential (ERP) components were used to investigate the temporal processing of semantic and phonological encoding during implicit picture naming. Participants were shown pictures and carried out a dual choice go/nogo decision based on semantic information (i.e., whether the picture was of an object or an animal) and phonological information (i.e., whether the picture's name starts with a vowel or a consonant). In addition to the already established lateralized readiness potential (LRP; related to response preparation), we introduce the N200 (presumably related to response inhibition) as a tool for measuring online language processing. Both, the LRP and the N200 data indicated that semantic processing began earlier than phonological processing. The data are discussed in the context of language production models. Therein, the LRP and N200 results, taken together, favor a serial or cascaded processing model of language production in contrast to a parallel processing account.
Reliability of astrophysical jet simulations in 2D. On inter-code reliability and numerical convergence

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: M. Krause and M. Camezind, 'Reliability of astrophysical jet simulations in 2D', Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 380 (III): 789-804, December 2001, the version of record is available online at doi: DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20011452. © ESO 2001
The Telework as an Organizational Innovation in the Entities of the Third Sector

This article discusses the role of the telework as an organizational innovation incorporated to the activities of the third sector as well as in the creation of networks and links between these entities. The telework has become a tool that has produced important changes in the traditional organization of the work, and has improved the inter-and intra-organizational communication, in addition to promoting the creation of extensive networks of collaboration in the third sector. The online connection and the provision made in telework mode have also served for the creation of a higher density of contacts between the entities that are grouped in the third sector, done so that it benefits the transmission of information and collaborative practices in providing services to the citizens. Its effectiveness consists in the speed that prints the response capacity of the social economy entities.
Development of the Platysma Muscle and the Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System (Human Specimens at 8–17 Weeks of Development)

There is controversy regarding the description of the different regions of the face of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and its relationship with the superficial mimetic muscles. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of the platysma muscle and the SMAS in human specimens at 8–17 weeks of development using an optical microscope. Furthermore, we propose to study the relationship of the anlage of the SMAS and the neighbouring superficial mimetic muscles. The facial musculature derives from the mesenchyme of the second arch and migrates towards the different regions of the face while forming premuscular laminae. During the 8th week of development, the cervical, infraorbital, mandibular, and temporal laminae are observed to be on the same plane. The platysma muscle derives from the cervical lamina and its mandibular extension enclosing the lower part of the parotid region and the cheek, while the SMAS derives from the upper region. During the period of development analyzed in this study, we have observed no continuity between the anlage of the SMAS and that of the superficial layer of the temporal fascia and the zygomaticus major muscle. Nor have we observed any structure similar to the SMAS in the labial region.
When Does Cognitive Functioning Peak? The Asynchronous Rise and Fall of Different Cognitive Abilities Across the Life Span

Understanding how and when cognitive change occurs over the life span is a prerequisite for understanding normal and abnormal development and aging. Most studies of cognitive change are constrained, however, in their ability to detect subtle, but theoretically informative life-span changes, as they rely on either comparing broad age groups or sparse sampling across the age range. Here, we present convergent evidence from 48,537 online participants and a comprehensive analysis of normative data from standardized IQ and memory tests. Our results reveal considerable heterogeneity in when cognitive abilities peak: Some abilities peak and begin to decline around high school graduation; some abilities plateau in early adulthood, beginning to decline in subjects’ 30s; and still others do not peak until subjects reach their 40s or later. These findings motivate a nuanced theory of maturation and age-related decline, in which multiple, dissociable factors differentially affect different domains of cognition.
Identification and Function Prediction of Novel MicroRNAs in Laoshan Dairy Goats

MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous small RNAs that play important roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation by directing degradation of mRNAs or facilitating repression of target gene translation. In this study, three small RNA cDNA libraries from the mammary gland tissues of Laoshan dairy goats (Capra hircus) were constructed and sequenced, individually. Through Solexa high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we obtained 50 presumptive novel miRNAs candidates, and 55,448 putative target genes were predicted. GO annotations and KEGG pathway analyses showed the majority of target genes were involved in various biological processes and metabolic pathways. Our results discovered more information about the regulation network between miRNAs and mRNAs and paved a foundation for the molecular genetics of mammary gland development in goats.
Exact Relation Between Continuous and Discrete Linear Canonical Transforms

Linear canonical transforms (LCTs) are a family of integral transforms with wide application in optical, acoustical, electromagnetic, and other wave propagation problems. The Fourier and fractional Fourier transforms are special cases of LCTs. We present the exact relation between continuous and discrete LCTs (which generalizes the corresponding relation for Fourier transforms), and also express it in terms of a new definition of the discrete LCT (DLCT), which is independent of the sampling interval. This provides the foundation for approximately computing the samples of the LCT of a continuous signal with the DLCT. The DLCT in this letter is analogous to the DFT and approximates the continuous LCT in the same sense that the DFT approximates the continuous Fourier transform. We also define the bicanonical width product which is a generalization of the time-bandwidth product.
Narcissism, Self-Esteem, and the Positivity of Self-Views: Two Portraits of Self-Love

The authors hypothesized that both narcissism and high self-esteem are associated with positive self-views but each is associated with positivity in different domains of the self. Narcissists perceive themselves as better than average on traits reflecting an agentic orientation (e.g., intellectual skills, extraversion) but not on those reflecting a communal orientation (e.g., agreeableness, morality). In contrast, high-self-esteem individuals perceive themselves as better than average both on agentic and communal traits. Three studies confirmed the hypothesis. In Study 1, narcissists rated themselves as extraverted and open to experience but not as more agreeable or emotionally stable. High-self-esteem individuals rated themselves highly on all of these traits except openness. In Study 2, narcissists (but not high-self-esteem individuals) rated themselves as better than their romantic partners. In Study 3, narcissists rated themselves as more intelligent, but not more moral, than the average person. In contrast, high-self-esteem individuals viewed themselves as more moral and more intelligent.
KOMUNIKASI LINTAS BUDAYA ANTARA PEDAGANG LOKAL DENGAN WISATAWAN ASING DI PANTAI SANUR

It is interesting to do research about the interaction between the local seller and the foreigners. The sellers who generally have Balinese cultural and basic educational background, every day to communicate with the tourists who have a language and a different culture. Based on the back ground of the problem, this research can be indicated into: (1) How is the pattern of cross-cultural communication with foreign tourists with local traders at Sanur Beach? (2) What are the factors which are supporting and threat the local traders in communicating with foreign tourists on the beaches of Sanur? This research was conducted in the area of Sanur beach, which are in Semawang, Sindu, and Padang Galak. This research is used purposive sampling based on certain informants criteria. The type of this research is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. In this study, presented the concept of patterns of communication, cross-cultural adaptation process, interpersonal communication, behavior in communication, the concept of cross-cultural communication. The conclusion of this research as follows: Model of cross-cultural communications of local traders with the foreign tourists that traders use communication with non-verbal language such as waving, handshakes, smiles and eye contact. Local traders also used verbal language by using short English sentences without paying attention to the pattern of correct English. Some things can be a cross-cultural communications support between trader and foreign tourists are cultural vendors’ factors at Sanur beach who have an open character and friendly towards strangers. Another factor is the economic factor needs traders are trying to communicate with the settlers. While considered as a limiting factor is the lack of mastering a good English As well as the lack of understanding of the excellent service to the tourists.
ON DARK PEAKS AND MISSING MASS: A WEAK-LENSING MASS RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MERGING CLUSTER SYSTEM A520,

Merging clusters of galaxies are unique in their power to directly probe and place limits on the self-interaction cross-section of dark matter. Detailed observations of several merging clusters have shown the intracluster gas to be displaced from the centroids of dark matter and galaxy density by ram pressure, while the latter components are spatially coincident, consistent with collisionless dark matter. This has been used to place upper limits on the dark matter particle self-interaction cross-section of order 1 cm2 g−1. The cluster A520 has been seen as a possible exception. We revisit A520 presenting new Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys mosaic images and a Magellan image set. We perform a detailed weak-lensing analysis and show that the weak-lensing mass measurements and morphologies of the core galaxy-filled structures are mostly in good agreement with previous works. There is, however, one significant difference: We do not detect the previously claimed “dark core” that contains excess mass with no significant galaxy overdensity at the location of the X-ray plasma. This peak has been suggested to be indicative of a large self-interaction cross-section for dark matter (at least ∼5σ larger than the upper limit of 0.7 cm2 g−1 determined by observations of the Bullet Cluster). We find no such indication and instead find that the mass distribution of A520, after subtraction of the X-ray plasma mass, is in good agreement with the luminosity distribution of the cluster galaxies. We conclude that A520 shows no evidence to contradict the collisionless dark matter scenario.
Hormones and Social Motivation

P sychologists have long understood that research on the biological systems of social behavior is critical to our understanding of human social functioning. In his 1967 book titled The Biological Basis of Personality, for example, Hans Eysenck reviewed the extant research on personality and physiology and called for continued research on the topic. Despite the importance that Eysenck placed on biology, biological processes were largely ignored by social and personality psychologists in the following several decades. In recent years, however, psychologists have begun to examine links between biology, personality, and social behavior. As a result, new discoveries about personality and social processes are emerging that could not have emerged with traditional social psychology methods alone. Along with advances in molecular genetics, social neuroscience, and behavioral endocrinology, the potential contributions of biological research to social psychology are greater than they’ve ever been. Social endocrinology is an emerging interdisciplinary field that bridges behavioral endocrinology (the study of the interaction between hormones and behavior) with social and personality psychology. Over a century of animal research has shown that variation in hormone levels influences a variety of social behaviors. For example, testosterone increases aggression and dominance behavior in many species (Giammanco, Tabacchi, Giammanco, Di Majo, & La Guardia, 2005). Testosterone levels also rise during periods of high competition such as the mating season (Wingfield, Hegner, Dufty, & Ball, 1990), and these testosterone rises promote further dominance (Trainor, Bird, & Marler, 2004). Other animal studies show that oxytocin and progesterone promote affiliative behavior, such as parental care, social bonding, and monogamy (Bartz & Hollander, 2006). It has also been well established that glucocorticoids increase during periods of physical and
A 12-Week Exercise Program for Pregnant Women with Obesity to Improve Physical Activity Levels: An Open Randomised Preliminary Study

Objective To evaluate whether a 12-week supervised exercise program promotes an active lifestyle throughout pregnancy in pregnant women with obesity. Methods In this preliminary randomised trial, pregnant women (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) were allocated to either standard care or supervised training, from 15 to 27 weeks of gestation. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry at 14, 28 and 36 weeks, while fitness (oxygen consumption (VO2) at the anaerobic threshold), nutrition (caloric intake and macronutrients percentage) and anthropometry were assessed at 14 and 28 weeks of gestation. Analyses were performed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results A total of fifty (50) women were randomised, 25 in each group. There was no time-group interaction for time spent at moderate and vigorous activity (pinteraction = 0.064), but the exercise group’s levels were higher than controls’ at all times (pgroup effect = 0.014). A significant time-group interaction was found for daily physical activity (p = 0.023); similar at baseline ((22.0 ± 6.7 vs 21.8 ± 7.3) x 104 counts/day) the exercise group had higher levels than the control group following the intervention ((22.8 ± 8.3 vs 19.2 ± 4.5) x 104 counts/day, p = 0.020) and at 36 weeks of gestation ((19.2 ± 1.5 vs 14.9 ± 1.5) x 104 counts/day, p = 0.034). Exercisers also gained less weight than controls during the intervention period despite similar nutritional intakes (difference in weight change = -0.1 kg/week, 95% CI -0.2; -0.02, p = 0.016) and improved cardiorespiratory fitness (difference in fitness change = 8.1%, 95% CI 0.7; 9.5, p = 0.041). Conclusions Compared with standard care, a supervised exercise program allows pregnant women with obesity to maintain fitness, limit weight gain and attenuate the decrease in physical activity levels observed in late pregnancy. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01610323
Members' Stickiness Intention of Online Group Buying Marketplace

Group buying is emerging as a new online buying model, in which an initiator takes the initiative and other users participate through a virtual community. A group of people who have the same need buy products online together, taking advantage of numbers to get bargains. Website stickiness, the website's ability to retain online customers and prolong the duration of each stay, is one of the key factors to e-commerce success. How to maintain members' stickiness becomes a critical issue in Information Systems (IS) study. Therefore, we aim to explore members' stickiness intention by linking justice theory and trust. The research model is based on Social cognition theory (SCT) and trust related literature. This study posits trust in marketplace, trust in initiator, and conformity as environmental influences, while collective efficacy is viewed as personal influences. We validate that member perceived distributive justice, procedure justice, and interactional justice have impact on their trust in marketplace and trust in initiator. Besides, member's perceived trust, conformity, and collective efficacy have influence on their stickiness intention.
Closed-form sums for some perturbation series involving hypergeometric functions

Infinite series of the type are investigated. Closed-form sums are obtained for ? a positive integer, ? = 1, 2, 3, . The limiting case of b ? , after y is replaced with x2/b, leads to This type of series appears in the first-order perturbation correction for the wavefunction of the generalized spiked harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian These results have immediate applications to perturbation series for the energy and wavefunction of the spiked harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian