Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A multi-componential methodology for exploring emotions in learning

Studies on emotions in learning are often based on interviews conducted after the learning. Therefore, these do not capture the multi-componential nature of emotions and how emotions are related to the process of learning. We see emotions as dimensional and multi-componential responses to a personally meaningful events and situation. In this methodologically frontline study we developed a multi-componential methodology, which provides complementary information about emotions during learning. In this study, by using a within subject design of one person, we focused on emotions during the professional identity learning. In a laboratory setting, the subject was shown personally meaningful video extracts from a learning situation she had participated earlier. The data were gathered by using (i) self-reports of emotions via the Emotion Circle (EC) online assessment, (ii) measures of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity via Electro-Dermal Activity (EDA) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), (iii) behavioural registration of facial expression and gaze, and (iv) the Stimulated Recall Interview (SRI). Self-reports of emotions via EC, as well as the emotion-driven SRI were found to be productive, not only in detailing and explaining emotions experienced during watching the videos, but also in bringing about reflective learning and novel insight. EDA and HRV provided complementary information from the subject’s ANS activity during the learning process. EDA seemed to be a valid indicator of active and agentic learning, while HRV was found to be a promising indicator of creative and reflective learning.
Loopy Belief Propagation for Approximate Inference: An Empirical Study

Recently, researchers have demonstrated that "loopy belief propagation" -- the use of Pearl's polytree algorithm in a Bayesian network with loops -- can perform well in the context of error-correcting codes. The most dramatic instance of this is the near Shannon-limit performance of "Turbo Codes" -- codes whose decoding algorithm is equivalent to loopy belief propagation in a chain-structured Bayesian network. In this paper we ask: is there something special about the error-correcting code context, or does loopy propagation work as an approximate inference scheme in a more general setting? We compare the marginals computed using loopy propagation to the exact ones in four Bayesian network architectures, including two real-world networks: ALARM and QMR. We find that the loopy beliefs often converge and when they do, they give a good approximation to the correct marginals. However, on the QMR network, the loopy beliefs oscillated and had no obvious relationship to the correct posteriors. We present some initial investigations into the cause of these oscillations, and show that some simple methods of preventing them lead to the wrong results.
BCI competition 2003-data set IIb: enhancing P300 wave detection using ICA-based subspace projections for BCI applications

An algorithm based on independent component analysis (ICA) is introduced for P300 detection. After ICA decomposition, P300-related independent components are selected according to the a priori knowledge of P300 spatio-temporal pattern, and clear P300 peak is reconstructed by back projection of ICA. Applied to the dataset IIb of BCI Competition 2003, the algorithm achieved an accuracy of 100% in P300 detection within five repetitions.
Surgical staging and treatment of early ovarian cancer: long-term analysis from a randomized trial.

A long-term follow-up analysis of the randomized clinical trial Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Ovarian Neoplasm (ACTION) from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer was undertaken to determine whether the original results with a median follow-up of 5.5 years could be verified after longer follow-up with more events. In the ACTION trial, 448 patients with early ovarian cancer were randomly assigned, after surgery, to adjuvant chemotherapy or to observation (no further treatment). The original analysis found that adjuvant chemotherapy improved recurrence-free survival but not overall survival and found in a subgroup analysis that completeness of surgical staging was an independent prognostic factor, with better recurrence-free and overall survival among those with complete (optimal) surgical staging. After a median follow-up of 10.1 years, we analyzed the more mature data from the ACTION trial and found support for most of the main conclusions of the original analysis, except that overall survival after optimal surgical staging was improved, even among patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio of death = 1.89, 95% confidence interval = 0.99 to 3.60; overall two-sided log-rank test P = .05). More cancer-specific deaths were observed among nonoptimally staged patients (40 [27%] of the 147 deaths in the observation arm and 11 [14%] of the 76 deaths in the adjuvant chemotherapy arm) than among optimally staged patients (seven [9%] of the 75 deaths in the observation arm and 11 [14%] of the 76 deaths in the adjuvant chemotherapy arm) (two-sided chi(2) test for heterogeneity, P = . 06). Thus, completeness of surgical staging in patients with early ovarian cancer was found to be statistically significantly associated with better outcomes, and the benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy appeared to be restricted to patients with nonoptimal surgical staging.
The selective poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1(2) inhibitor, CEP-8983, increases the sensitivity of chemoresistant tumor cells to temozolomide and irinotecan but does not potentiate myelotoxicity

The effect of the potent and selective poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 [and PAR polymerase-2] inhibitor CEP-8983 on the ability to sensitize chemoresistant glioblastoma (RG2), rhabdomyosarcoma (RH18), neuroblastoma (NB1691), and colon carcinoma (HT29) tumor cells to temozolomide- and camptothecin-induced cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and G2-M arrest and on the potentiation of chemotherapy-induced myelotoxicity was evaluated using in vitro assays. In addition, the effect of the prodrug CEP-9722 in combination with temozolomide and/or irinotecan on PAR accumulation and tumor growth was also determined using glioblastoma and/or colon carcinoma xenografts relative to chemotherapy alone. CEP-8983 sensitized carcinoma cells to the growth-inhibitory effects of temozolomide and/or SN38 increased the fraction of and/or lengthened duration of time tumor cells accumulated in chemotherapy-induced G2-M arrest and sensitized tumor cells to chemotherapy-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. A granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit colony formation assay showed that coincubation of CEP-8983 with temozolomide or topotecan did not potentiate chemotherapy-associated myelotoxicity. CEP-9722 (136 mg/kg) administered with temozolomide (68 mg/kg for 5 days) or irinotecan (10 mg/kg for 5 days) inhibited significantly the growth of RG2 tumors (60%) or HT29 tumors (80%) compared with temozolomide or irinotecan monotherapy, respectively. In addition, CEP-9722 showed “stand alone” antitumor efficacy in these preclinical xenografts. In vivo biochemical efficacy studies showed that CEP-9722 attenuated PAR accumulation in glioma xenografts in a dose- and time-related manner. These data indicate that CEP-8983 and its prodrug are effective chemosensitizing agents when administered in combination with select chemotherapeutic agents against chemoresistant tumors. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(8):2290–302]
Factors Determining the Retention of Academic Staff in Universities

This paper examines the critical factors that determine the retention of academic staff at Makerere and Kyambogo universities in Uganda. The study was prompted by reportedly persistent low levels of academic staff retention in the two public universities in the recent past. The investigation followed the positivist research paradigm. The study employed the descriptive cross-sectional survey design where data were collected using an adapted self-administered questionnaire from 298 academic staff proportionately drawn from the two universities studied. The staff respondents were sampled through stratified random sampling technique. The data were analysed with the use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations as well as inferential statistics like student t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and regression analyses. Study findings revealed that respondent’s marital status (F = 0.288; p = 0.750 > 0.05), age (F = 0.748; p = 0.560 > 0.05), experience (F= 0.270; p = 0.841 > 0.05), education level (F = 0.528; p = 0.663 > 0.05), and interpersonal relationships (B = 0.003; p = 0.957 > 0.05) had statistically no significant effect on the retention of academic staff in the two universities. However, respondent’s gender (t = 2.556; p= 0.006 < 0.05), terms of work (B = 0.163; p = 0.005< 0.05) and work-life balance (B = 0.318; p= 0.000 < 0.05) were found to have statistically significant effects on the retention of academic staff. Thus, it was concluded that certain factors were more critical than others in determining the retention of academic staff, other factors notwithstanding. The researchers therefore recommended that the management of the two universities should design engendered policies that would improve on the terms of work, favourably treat men and women, and allow for optimal work-life balance amongst their academic staff. Keywords: Academic staff, Retention, Factors, Demographic characteristics, Interpersonal relationships, Terms of work, Work-life balance DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-8-07 Publication date :March 31 st 2019
Online Project based Instruction in English Language Learning: Theory and Practice

T he aim of this research paper is to investigate the effect of online project based instruction on English language learning. It provides theoretical background about online project based learning, and then clarifies how it can be used for developing English language. Project-based learning-powered by contemporary technologies is a strategy certain to turn traditional classrooms upside down. When students learn by engaging in real world projects, every aspect of their experience will change. The teacher's role shifts, he or she is no longer the content expert and student behavior also changes. Instead of following the teacher's lead, learners pursue their own questions to create their own meaning, even the boundaries of the classroom change. Teachers still design the project as the framework for learning, but students may wind up using technology to access and analyze information from all corners of the globe.
SteerBench: a benchmark suite for evaluating steering behaviors

Steering is a challenging task, required by nearly all agents in virtual worlds. There is a large and growing number of approaches for steering, and it is becoming increasingly important to ask a fundamental question: how can we objectively compare steering algorithms? To our knowledge, there is no standard way of evaluating or comparing the quality of steering solutions. This paper presents SteerBench: a benchmark framework for objectively evaluating steering behaviors for virtual agents. We propose a diverse set of test cases, metrics of evaluation, and a scoring method that can be used to compare different steering algorithms. Our framework can be easily customized by a user to evaluate specific behaviors and new test cases. We demonstrate our benchmark process on two example steering algorithms, showing the insight gained from our metrics. We hope that this framework can grow into a standard for steering evaluation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Analysis of the Candida albicans Homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MNN9, Required for Glycosylation of Cell Wall Mannoproteins

ABSTRACT The fungal cell wall has generated interest as a potential target for developing antifungal drugs, and the genes encoding glucan and chitin in fungal pathogens have been studied to this end. Mannoproteins, the third major component of the cell wall, contain mannose in either O- or N-glycosidic linkages. Here we describe the molecular analysis of the Candida albicans homolog ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae MNN9, a gene required for the synthesis of N-linked outer-chain mannan in yeast, and the phenotypes associated with its disruption. CaMNN9 has significant homology with S. cerevisiae MNN9, including a putative N-terminal transmembrane domain, and represents a member of a similar gene family in Candida. CaMNN9 resides on chromosome 3 and is expressed at similar levels in both yeast and hyphal cells. Disruption of both copies of CaMNN9 leads to phenotypic effects characteristic of cell wall defects including poor growth in liquid media and on solid media, formation of aggregates in liquid culture, osmotic sensitivity, aberrant hyphal formation, and increased sensitivity to lysis after treatment with β-1,3-glucanase. Like all members of the S. cerevisiae MNN9 gene family theCamnn9Δ strain is resistant to sodium orthovanadate and sensitive to hygromycin B. Analysis of cell wall-associated carbohydrates showed the Camnn9Δ strain to contain half the amount of mannan present in cell walls derived from the wild-type parent strain. Reverse transcription-PCR and Northern analysis of the expression of MNN9 gene family members CaVAN1and CaANP1 in the Camnn9Δ strain showed that transcription of those genes is not affected in the absence ofCaMNN9 transcription. Our results suggest that, while the role MNN9 plays in glycosylation in bothCandida and Saccharomyces is conserved, loss ofMNN9 function in C. albicans leads to phenotypes that are inconsistent with the pathogenicity of the organism and thus identify CaMnn9p as a potential drug target.
A cross-layer view of wireless multicast optimization

We consider a system of multiple multicast transmitters with possibly overlapping receivers. We introduce a stationary policy that allocates the transmission rates and powers of every transmitter with the objective to maximize the overall user utility, which is measured in terms of the total average rate of each receiver. We show optimality of this policy by employing the theory of stochastic approximation for any utility function that is strictly concave and increasing in the average rate. The introduced policy is opportunistic in nature as it capitalizes on the variations of the wireless channel that are induced by fading. Specifically, we show through a set of simulations that the average throughput under unicast traffic observes a benefit under fading. Our results further indicate that this benefit is mitigated when multicast traffic is considered.
What the CERAD Battery Can Tell Us about Executive Function as a Higher-Order Cognitive Faculty

Executive function (EF) is believed to control or influence the integration and application of cognitive functions such as attention and memory and is an important area of research in cognitive aging. Recent studies and reviews have concluded that there is no single test for EF. Results from first-order latent variable modeling have suggested that little, if any, variability in cognitive performance can be directly (and uniquely) attributed to EF; so instead, we modeled EF, as it is conceptualized, as a higher-order function, using elements of the CERAD neuropsychological battery. Responses to subtests from two large, independent cohorts of nondemented elderly persons were modeled with three theoretically plausible structural models using confirmatory factor analysis. Robust fit statistics, generated for the two cohorts separately, were consistent and support the conceptualization of EF as a higher-order cognitive faculty. Although not specifically designed to assess EF, subtests of the CERAD battery provide theoretically and empirically robust evidence about the nature of EF in elderly adults.
Counselor Professional Identity Development: Narratives from a Professional Event

The goal of a one-day professional event was to enhance counselor professional identity (CPI) development through a panel discussion on CPI, professional and career information in sessions and booths, and networking breaks to connect Master’s students, doctoral students, and counseling professionals. Narrative analysis of eight interviews with event attendees, event leaders, and event speakers (i.e., practicing counselors) revealed themes of commitment, community, defining my professional self, and ambiguity and affirmation. Implications for best practices in CPI development and future research are discussed. Author's Notes Jenny L. Cureton, Department of Applied Psychology & Counselor Education, University of Northern Colorado; Hannah Davis, Department of Applied Psychology & Counselor Education, University of Northern Colorado; Victoria Giegerich, Department of Counselor Education and Supervision, Kent State University. Jenny L. Cureton is now at Department of Counselor Education and Supervision, Kent State University. Hannah Davis is now at Thrive Counseling Center of Colorado. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jenny L. Cureton, Department of Counselor Education and Supervision, Kent State University, 310 White Hall PO Box 5190 Kent OH 44240-0001. E-mail: jcureton@kent.edu
Two Is Not Always Better Than One

Over the past two decades, there has been an upsurge in theoretical frameworks alluding to the existence of two different processing systems that supposedly operate according to different rules. This article critically examines the scientific advance offered by these theories (in particular advances in the domains of reasoning, decision making, and social cognition) and questions their theoretical coherence as well as the evidence for their existence. We scrutinize the conceptual underpinnings of two-system models and explicate the assumptions underlying these models to see whether they are reasonable. We also evaluate the empirical paradigms used to validate two-system models and ponder about their explanatory strength and predictive power. Given the popularity of these models, we discuss the appeal of two-system theories and suggest potential reasons for their prevalence. We comment on the potential costs associated with these models and allude to the desired nature of potential alternatives. We conclude that two-system models currently provide little scientific advance, and we encourage researchers to adopt more rigorous conceptual definitions and employ more stringent criteria for testing the empirical evidence in support for two-system theories.
Genomewide Rapid Association Using Mixed Model and Regression: A Fast and Simple Method For Genomewide Pedigree-Based Quantitative Trait Loci Association Analysis

For pedigree-based quantitative trait loci (QTL) association analysis, a range of methods utilizing within-family variation such as transmission-disequilibrium test (TDT)-based methods have been developed. In scenarios where stratification is not a concern, methods exploiting between-family variation in addition to within-family variation, such as the measured genotype (MG) approach, have greater power. Application of MG methods can be computationally demanding (especially for large pedigrees), making genomewide scans practically infeasible. Here we suggest a novel approach for genomewide pedigree-based quantitative trait loci (QTL) association analysis: genomewide rapid association using mixed model and regression (GRAMMAR). The method first obtains residuals adjusted for family effects and subsequently analyzes the association between these residuals and genetic polymorphisms using rapid least-squares methods. At the final step, the selected polymorphisms may be followed up with the full measured genotype (MG) analysis. In a simulation study, we compared type 1 error, power, and operational characteristics of the proposed method with those of MG and TDT-based approaches. For moderately heritable (30%) traits in human pedigrees the power of the GRAMMAR and the MG approaches is similar and is much higher than that of TDT-based approaches. When using tabulated thresholds, the proposed method is less powerful than MG for very high heritabilities and pedigrees including large sibships like those observed in livestock pedigrees. However, there is little or no difference in empirical power of MG and the proposed method. In any scenario, GRAMMAR is much faster than MG and enables rapid analysis of hundreds of thousands of markers.
Governance in Exchange: Contract Law and Its Alternatives

Conceptual debate centering on the efficacious nature of contract law for regulating exchange has prompted recent emphasis on alternative modes of governance. The emergence of this interest has been bolstered in marketing through current focus on exchange relationships versus transactions. Scholars in both marketing and law are examining the use of varying forms of integration, self-interest stakes (i.e., credible commitments), social norms, ethics, effects of reputation, and other governance elements. The authors examine this trend and empirically investigate factors relating to the use of different governance approaches and their interrelationships. In particular, a simulated channel environment is used to test hypotheses relating to the effect of environmental uncertainty, relational interaction, and the interrelationship of different governance mechanisms (i.e., hierarchical authority and social norms). The authors report on the conceptual foundations and methodology underlying this research along with key results and implications for public policy and marketing. Their findings provide insight for informing policy underlying contract law and antitrust.
Reputation and Adverse Selection, Theory and Evidence from eBay

How can actors in a marketplace introduce mechanisms to overcome possible inefficiencies caused by adverse selection? Using a unique dataset that follows sellers on eBay over time, I show that reputation is a major determinant of variations in price. I develop a model of firm dynamics where firms have heterogeneous qualities unobservable by consumers. Reputation is used as a signal of private information. I structurally estimate the model to uncover buyers' utility and sellers' costs and qualities. Removing the reputation mechanism increases low-quality sellers' marketshare, lowers prices, and consequently reduces the market size by 61% and consumer surplus by 48%.
Developmental trajectories of boys' delinquent group membership and facilitation of violent behaviors during adolescence

Being part of a delinquent group has been shown to facilitate the expression of an individual's own delinquent propensities. However, this facilitation effect has not been investigated from a developmental perspective within a population heterogeneity model. Using a semiparametric mixture model with data from the Montreal Longitudinal Experimental Study, this article addresses important issues in the developmental trends of membership to delinquent groups. We explore how the rate of violent behaviors follows delinquent peer group trajectories and investigate a differential facilitation effect of delinquent peers on violence across multiple developmental pathways. Results suggest that 25% of males followed a childhood or an adolescence delinquent group affiliation trajectory. These two groups account for most of the violent acts assessed during adolescence. In addition, the rate of violent behaviors follows these developmental trajectories. Controlling for these delinquent group trajectories, we also found that being involved in a delinquent group at any specific time during adolescence is associated with an increased rate of violent behaviors, and that leaving these groups results in a decrease in violent behaviors. This facilitation effect appears homogeneous over time and across developmental trajectories. Results are discussed from a social interactional perspective.