Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comorbid Diseases Interact with Breast Cancer to Affect Mortality in the First Year after Diagnosis—A Danish Nationwide Matched Cohort Study

Background Survival of breast cancer patients with comorbidity, compared to those without comorbidity, has been well characterized. The interaction between comorbid diseases and breast cancer, however, has not been well-studied. Methods From Danish nationwide medical registries, we identified all breast cancer patients between 45 and 85 years of age diagnosed from 1994 to 2008. Women without breast cancer were matched to the breast cancer patients on specific comorbid diseases included in the Charlson comorbidity Index (CCI). Interaction contrasts were calculated as a measure of synergistic effect on mortality between comorbidity and breast cancer. Results The study included 47,904 breast cancer patients and 237,938 matched comparison women. In the first year, the strongest interaction between comorbidity and breast cancer was observed in breast cancer patients with a CCI score of ≥4, which accounted for 29 deaths per 1000 person-years. Among individual comorbidities, dementia interacted strongly with breast cancer and accounted for 148 deaths per 1000 person-years within one year of follow-up. There was little interaction between comorbidity and breast cancer during one to five years of follow-up. Conclusions There was substantial interaction between comorbid diseases and breast cancer, affecting mortality. Successful treatment of the comorbid diseases or the breast cancer can delay mortality caused by this interaction in breast cancer patients.
Population‐Based Incidence of Sudden Cardiac and Unexpected Death Before and After the 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami in Iwate, Northeast Japan

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal impact of the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami on the incidence of sudden cardiac and unexpected death (SCUD). Methods and Results We surveyed the impact of the disaster on the incidence and clinical characteristics of SCUD in Iwate. To perform complete identification of SCUD for 8 weeks before and 40 weeks after the disaster, medical records and death certificates relevant to SCUD were surveyed in the study area. Compared with the previous year's rate, the incidence (per 10 000 person‐year) of SCUD for the initial 4 weeks after the disaster (acute phase) was double (33.5 vs 18.9), and thereafter the rate returned to the previous level. Significant relationships were found between weekly numbers of SCUD and seismic activity (intensity, r=0.43; P<0.005: frequency, r=0.46; P<0.002). The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of SCUD in the acute phase was significantly increased compared with that of previous years (1.71, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.16). Increased SIRs were predominantly found in female subjects (1.73, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.37), the elderly (1.73, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.27), and residents living in the tsunami‐stricken area (1.83, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.46). In addition, SIRs for weekdays (1.71, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.24) and nights‐mornings (2.09, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.86) were amplified. Conclusions The present results suggest that the magnitude of a disaster, related stress, and population aging may cause a temporary increase in the incidence of SCUD with amplification of ordinary weekly and circadian variations.
Clustered Caching for Improving Performance and Energy requirements in NoC based Multiprocessors

Advancement in semiconductor technology is allowing to run larger applications on chip multiprocessors. Parallelism is achieved by running different threads of applications on separate processors. This leads to coherence issues of shared data. As wire delays are dominating in current SoCs, added communication over the interconnect also adds to latency and power requirements. In this paper we propose to form small size clusters of cores which will share the same high-level cache instead of one global, large-size banked cache. Experimental evaluation shows that clustering gives improvement in performance and power requirements. Research on application mapping on NoC has shown that assigning nearby cores to an application improves performance. We performed experiments by localising an application within a cluster and obtained improvements in performance as well as power.
Non-Lethal Heat Shock Increased Hsp70 and Immune Protein Transcripts but Not Vibrio Tolerance in the White-Leg Shrimp

Non-lethal heat shock boosts bacterial and viral disease tolerance in shrimp, possibly due to increases in endogenous heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and/or immune proteins. To further understand the mechanisms protecting shrimp against infection, Hsp70 and the mRNAs encoding the immune-related proteins prophenoloxidase (proPO), peroxinectin, penaeidin, crustin and hemocyanin were studied in post-larvae of the white-leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, following a non-lethal heat shock. As indicated by RT-qPCR, a 30 min abrupt heat shock increased Hsp70 mRNA in comparison to non-heated animals. Immunoprobing of western blots and quantification by ELISA revealed that Hsp70 production after heat shock was correlated with enhanced Hsp70 mRNA. proPO and hemocyanin mRNA levels were augmented, whereas peroxinectin and crustin mRNA levels were unchanged following non-lethal heat shock. Penaeidin mRNA was decreased by all heat shock treatments. Thirty min abrupt heat shock failed to improve survival of post-larvae in a standardized challenge test with Vibrio harveyi, indicating that under the conditions of this study, L. vannamei tolerance to Vibrio infection was influenced neither by Hsp70 accumulation nor the changes in the immune-related proteins, observations dissimilar to other shrimp species examined.
Assessing the Impact of ICT-based Solutions for Carers in Europe : Preliminary Findings from the CARICT Project

Some evidence suggests that information and communication technologies (ICT) can be an efficient mean to improve not only the quality of care provided to dependent older people but also the support for informal carers and privately employed care workers. However, there is a lack of research on ICT-based initiatives and their impact on carers in the European context. Moving from the preliminary findings of the CARICTproject, the paper discusses the first attempt that has been made in Europe to assess the impact of ICTbased initiatives for carers. First, an overview of the developed methodological framework is presented: it includes both a conceptual framework and an impact assessment methodology (IAM) for evaluating multidimensional outcome. Furthermore, an overview of ICT-based solutions in Europe is provided through the analysis of 52 operational initiatives and selected as good practices. Finally, some recommendations and guidelines for further research in the field are discussed.
Stock Dividends and Splits: Anticipation, Signaling, and Market Response

The literature on stock distributions has documented that there is a positive stock market response to the announcement of a stock distribution and a negative relation between the market response and the presplit price of the stock. The positive market reaction has been attributed to (1) the benefits that may result from a lower per share stock price and (2) a signal from management about their favorable private information. The negative correlation between the market reaction and the presplit price may indicate (1) that the firm's share price affects the extent to which the market anticipates the distribution and/or (2) that the share price acts as an inverse proxy for the credibility of the signal. Empirical evidence supports both the anticipation and credibility-of-signal hypotheses. The anticipation effect can exist only if the anticipated event has cash flow consequences for investors. Therefore, the evidence supporting an anticipation effect implies that the positive market reaction to stock distributions is partly due to trading range benefits. Likewise, the credibility-of-signal model presupposes a decision by management to signal the market. Thus, the evidence also implies that the market reaction is partly due to a favorable signal from management.
Unsupervised learning for robust Bitcoin fraud detection

The rampant absorption of Bitcoin as a cryptographic currency, along with rising cybercrime activities, warrants utilization of anomaly detection to identify potential fraud. Anomaly detection plays a pivotal role in data mining since most outlying points contain crucial information for further investigation. In the financial world which the Bitcoin network is part of by default, anomaly detection amounts to fraud detection. This paper investigates the use of trimmed k-means, that is capable of simultaneous clustering of objects and fraud detection in a multivariate setup, to detect fraudulent activity in Bitcoin transactions. The proposed approach detects more fraudulent transactions than similar studies or reports on the same dataset.
Human Races: Classifying People vs Understanding Diversity

The idea that all humans naturally belong to one of a few biological types or races that evolved in isolation was unchallenged for centuries, but large-scale modern studies failed to associate racial labels with recognizable genetic clus- ters. Recently, the conclusions of those studies have been questioned by authors who argue that racial classification has objective scientific bases and is indispensable in epidemiology and genetics. However, no classificatio n is useful if the classification units are vague or controversial , and no consensus was ever reached on the number and definition of the human races. The available studies show that there is geographic structure in human genome diversity, and that it is possi- ble to infer with reasonable accuracy the continent of origin from an individual's multilocus genotype. However, clear-cut genetic boundaries between human groups, which would be necessary to recognise these groups as relatively isolated mating units which zoologists would call races, have not been identified so far. On the contrary, allele frequencies and synthetic descriptors of genetic variation appear distributed in gradients over much of the planet, which points to gene flow, rather than to isolation, as the main evolutionary force shaping human genome diversity. A better understanding of patterns of human diversity and of the underlying evolutionary processes is important for its own sake, but is also indis- pensable for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools designed for the individual genotype, rather than for ill- defined race-specific genotypes.
Testing Predictability and Nonlinear Dependence in the Indian Stock Market

This paper suggests a systematic approach to studying predictability and nonlinear dependence in the context of the Indian stock market, one of the most important emerging stock markets in the world. The proposed approach considers nonlinear dependence in returns and envisages appropriate specification of both the conditional first- and second-order moments, so that final conclusions are free from any probable statistical consequences of misspecification. To this end, a number of rigorous tests are applied on the returns, based on four major daily indices of the Indian stock market. It is found that the Indian stock market is predictable, and this observed lack of efficiency is due to serial correlation, nonlinear dependence, day-of-the week effects, parameter instability, conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH), daily-level seasonality in volatility, the short-term interest rate (in some subperiods of some indices), and some dynamics in the higher-order moments.
TWO-FLUID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF CONVERGING H i FLOWS IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM. II. ARE MOLECULAR CLOUDS GENERATED DIRECTLY FROM A WARM NEUTRAL MEDIUM?

Formation of interstellar clouds as a consequence of thermal instability is studied using two-dimensional two-fluid magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We consider the situation of converging, supersonic flows of warm neutral medium in the interstellar medium that generate a shocked slab of thermally unstable gas in which clouds form. We find, as speculated in Paper I, that in the shocked slab magnetic pressure dominates thermal pressure and the thermal instability grows in the isochorically cooling, thermally unstable slab that leads to the formation of H i clouds whose number density is typically n ≲ 100 cm−3, even if the angle between magnetic field and converging flows is small. We also find that even if there is a large dispersion of magnetic field, evolution of the shocked slab is essentially determined by the angle between the mean magnetic field and converging flows. Thus, the direct formation of molecular clouds by piling up warm neutral medium does not seem to be a typical molecular cloud formation process, unless the direction of supersonic converging flows is biased to the orientation of mean magnetic field by some mechanism. However, when the angle is small, the H i shell generated as a result of converging flows is massive and possibly evolves into molecular clouds, provided gas in the massive H i shell is piled up again along the magnetic field line. We expect that another subsequent shock wave can again pile up the gas of the massive shell and produce a larger cloud. We thus emphasize the importance of multiple episodes of converging flows, as a typical formation process of molecular clouds.
Impact of Parental Socio-Economic Status on Students' Educational Achievements at Secondary Schools of District Malir, Karachi

2 Abstract: Education is the lifeline for efficient and stable working of human society. Education help develop individual personality making the person knowledgeable, competent, capable and skillful. Parents with high socio-economic status often have more success in preparing their young children for school because they typically have access to a wide range of resources to promote and support status often lack the financial, social and educational supports that characterize families with high socio-economic status. Poor resources could not promote and support children's development and school readiness. Parents may have inadequate skills for such activities as reading to and with their children and they may lack information about childhood immunizations and nutrition. Inadequate resources and limited access to available resources can negatively affect families' decisions regarding their young children's development and learning. As a result, children from families with low socio-economic status are less prepared than their peers from families with medium or high socio-economic status. This article attempted to find out the impact of parental socio-economic status on the student's educational achievements at secondary schools of district Malir, Karachi.
The JCMT Nearby Galaxies Legacy Survey – III. Comparisons of cold dust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, molecular gas and atomic gas in NGC 2403

We used 3.6, 8.0, 70, 160 µm Spitzer Space Telescope data, James Clerk Maxwell Telescope HARP-B COJ =(3-2) data, National Radio Astronomy Observatory 12 meter telescope CO J =(1-0) data, and Very Large Array HI data to investigate the relations among PAHs, cold (� 20 K) dust, molecular gas, and atomic gas within NGC 2403, an SABcd galaxy at a distance of 3.13 Mpc. The dust surface density is mainly a function of the total (atomic and molecular) gas surface density and galactocentric radius. The gas-to-dust ratio monotonically increases with radius, varying from � 100 in the nucleus to � 400 at 5.5 kpc. The slope of the gas-to-dust ratio is close to that of the oxygen abunda nce, suggesting that metallicity strongly affects the gas-to-dust ratio within this galaxy. The exponential scale length of the radial profile for the CO J =(3-2) emission is statistically identical to the scale len gth for the stellar continuum-subtracted 8 µm (PAH 8 µm) emission. However, CO J =(3-2) and PAH 8 µm surface brightnesses appear uncorrelated when examining sub-kpc sized regions.
Reducing iteration using candidate list

Ants are a fascinating creature that demonstrates a capability of finding food and bring it back to their nest. Their ability as a colony to find paths or routes to the food sources has inspired a newly developed algorithm called dynamic ant colony system 3 level updates (DACS3). The principle of cooperation and the behavior of a single ant finding path has been the backbone in this algorithmic development. Ants communicate to each other through a chemical substance called pheromone. Manipulating and empowering this substance is the trivial factor in finding the best solution. However, a long searching time required by DACS3 to find the best solution is a problem factor that needs to be addressed. Thus, adding a suitable strategy like candidate list concept would helps DACS3 improve itspsila performance. Traveling salesman problem (TSP) was used as a case study to show the capability of the algorithm in order to find the best solution in terms of the shortest distance. At the end of this paper, we presented an experimental result on several benchmark data to show improvement of DACS3 algorithm.
Exchange Rate Puzzles: A Review of the Recent Theoretical and Empirical Developments

This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of the theoretical and empirical developments that have taken place over the last two decades in an attempt to address the exchange rate puzzles. Specifically, it discusses the nonlinear and Bayesian econometric techniques, dynamic general equilibrium models, and the market microstructure approach that have been designed to address the three exchange rate puzzles, namely, the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) puzzle, the exchange rate disconnect puzzle and the exchange rate determination puzzle. The paper concludes that the exchange rate puzzles are likely to be less puzzling, if researchers decide to move to nonlinear econometric frameworks and micro-founded general equilibrium models.
Pit formation and rapid changes in surface morphology of sympathetic neurons in response to nerve growth factor

Scanning and transmission electron microscope studies were carried out on the rapid cell surface responses of cultured newborn rat sympathetic neurons to nerve growth factor (NGF), a substance that promotes their survival and differentiation. The somas of sympathetic neurons continuously exposed to NGF or deprived of the factor for 4-5 h have a very smooth surface. After readdition of NGF to the latter type of cultures, there is rapidly initiated a transient, sequential change in the cell surface. Microvilli and small ruffles appear within 30 s and are most prominent by 1 min. By 3 min of exposure, the microvilli and ruffles decrease in prominence, and by 7 min the somal surface is again smooth. By 30 s after NGF readdition, as increase in the number of 60- tp 130-nm coated pits is also detectable. This increase reaches a maximum of about threefold from 0.5 to 3 min and then gradually decreases. Alterations in the surface did not occur on the nonneuronal cell types present in the cultures and were not observed in response to another basic protein (cytochrome c) or to physical manipulation. Changes in cell surface architecture induced by NGF in normal sympathetic neurons and, as previously described, in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells indicate that such responses may present or reflect primary events in the mechanism of the factor's action.
Characterization of high-resolution aerosol mass spectra of primary organic aerosol emissions from Chinese cooking and biomass burning

Abstract. Aerosol mass spectrometry has proved to be a powerful tool to measure submicron particulate composition with high time resolution. Factor analysis of mass spectra (MS) collected worldwide by aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) demonstrates that submicron organic aerosol (OA) is usually composed of several major components, such as oxygenated (OOA), hydrocarbon-like (HOA), biomass burning (BBOA), and other primary OA. In order to help interpretation of component MS from factor analysis of ambient OA datasets, AMS measurements of different primary sources is required for comparison. Such work, however, has been very scarce in the literature, especially for high resolution MS (HR-MS) measurements, which performs improved characterization by separating the ions of different elemental composition at each m/z in comparison with unit mass resolution MS (UMR-MS) measurements. In this study, primary emissions from four types of Chinese cooking (CC) and six types of biomass burning (BB) were simulated systematically and measured using an Aerodyne High-Resolution Time-of-Flight AMS (HR-ToF-AMS). The MS of the CC emissions show high similarity, with m/z 41 and m/z 55 being the highest signals; the MS of the BB emissions also show high similarity, with m/z 29 and m/z 43 being the highest signals. The MS difference between the CC and BB emissions is much bigger than that between different CC (or BB) types, especially for the HR-MS. The O/C ratio of OA ranges from 0.08 to 0.13 for the CC emissions and from 0.18 to 0.26 for the BB emissions. The UMR ions of m/z 43, m/z 44, m/z 57, and m/z 60, usually used as tracers in AMS measurements, were examined for their HR-MS characteristics in the CC and BB emissions. In addition, the MS of the CC and BB emissions are also compared with component MS from factor analysis of ambient OA datasets observed in China, as well as with other AMS measurements of primary sources in the literature. The MS signatures of cooking and biomass burning emissions revealed in this study can be used as important reference for factor analysis of ambient OA datasets, especially for the relevant studies in East Asia.
Structural Based Analyses of the JC Virus T-Antigen F258L Mutant Provides Evidence for DNA Dependent Conformational Changes in the C-Termini of Polyomavirus Origin Binding Domains

The replication of human polyomavirus JCV, which causes Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, is initiated by the virally encoded T-antigen (T-ag). The structure of the JC virus T-ag origin-binding domain (OBD) was recently solved by X-ray crystallography. This structure revealed that the OBD contains a C-terminal pocket, and that residues from the multifunctional A1 and B2 motifs situated on a neighboring OBD molecule dock into the pocket. Related studies established that a mutation in a pocket residue (F258L) rendered JCV T-ag unable to support JCV DNA replication. To establish why this mutation inactivated JCV T-ag, we have solved the structure of the F258L JCV T-ag OBD mutant. Based on this structure, it is concluded that the structural consequences of the F258L mutation are limited to the pocket region. Further analyses, utilizing the available polyomavirus OBD structures, indicate that the F258 region is highly dynamic and that the relative positions of F258 are governed by DNA binding. The possible functional consequences of the DNA dependent rearrangements, including promotion of OBD cycling at the replication fork, are discussed.
Note on the Stability of Long-Run Money Demand: Is the Interest Elasticity Really Constant?

This note reexamines the recent evidence by Hoffman, Rasche and Tieslau (1995) that cointegrating M1 demand relationships are stable in postwar industrial countries particularly when the restriction of a unit income elasticity is imposed. We apply Gregory and Hansen's (1996) residual-based test for cointegration with a possible break in the cointegrating vector in an unknown timing. Under a bivariate model where the restriction is imposed, the empirical evidence consistently suggests the possibility of a shift in the interest elasticity in postwar U.S., Canada, and (weakly) Japan.