Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gravitational N-body Simulations

Gravitational N-body simulations, that is numerical solutions of the equations of motions for N particles interacting gravitationally, are widely used tools in astrophysics, with applications from few body or solar system like systems all the way up to galactic and cosmological scales. In this article we present a summary review of the field highlighting the main methods for N-body simulations and the astrophysical context in which they are usually applied.
Functional subdivision of feline spinal interneurons in reflex pathways from group Ib and II muscle afferents; an update

A first step towards understanding the operation of a neural network is identification of the populations of neurons that contribute to it. Our aim here is to reassess the basis for subdivision of adult mammalian spinal interneurons that mediate reflex actions from tendon organs (group Ib afferents) and muscle spindle secondary endings (group II afferents) into separate populations. Re‐examining the existing experimental data, we find no compelling reasons to consider intermediate zone interneurons with input from group Ib afferents to be distinct from those co‐excited by group II afferents. Similar patterns of distributed input have been found in subpopulations that project ipsilaterally, contralaterally or bilaterally, and in both excitatory and inhibitory interneurons; differences in input from group I and II afferents to individual interneurons showed intra‐ rather than inter‐population variation. Patterns of reflex actions evoked from group Ib and II afferents and task‐dependent changes in these actions, e.g. during locomotion, may likewise be compatible with mediation by premotor interneurons integrating information from both group I and II afferents. Pathological changes after injuries of the central nervous system in humans and the lineage of different subclasses of embryonic interneurons may therefore be analyzed without need to consider subdivision of adult intermediate zone interneurons into subpopulations with group Ib or group II input. We propose renaming these neurons ‘group I/II interneurons’.
NEAR-INFRARED OBSERVATIONS OF GQ LUP b USING THE GEMINI INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROGRAPH NIFS

We present new JHK spectroscopy (R ∼ 5000) of GQ Lup b, acquired with the Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph and the adaptive optics system ALTAIR at the Gemini North telescope. Angular differential imaging was used in the J and H bands to suppress the speckle noise from GQ Lup A; we show that this approach can provide improvements in signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) by a factor of 2–6 for companions located at subarcsecond separations. Based on high-quality observations and Global Astrometric lnterferometer for Astrophysics synthetic spectra, we estimate the companion effective temperature to Teff = 2400 ± 100 K, its gravity to log g = 4.0 ± 0.5, and its luminosity to log(L/L☉) = −2.47 ± 0.28. Comparisons with the predictions of the DUSTY evolutionary tracks allow us to constrain the mass of GQ Lup b to 8–60 MJup, most likely in the brown dwarf regime. Compared with the spectra published by Seifahrt and collaborators, our spectra of GQ Lup b are significantly redder (by 15%–50%) and do not show important Paβ emission. Our spectra are in excellent agreement with the lower S/N spectra previously published by McElwain and collaborators.
A multicentre, double-blind randomized crossover comparative study on the efficacy and safety of dofetilide vs sotalol in patients with inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia and ischaemic heart disease.

BACKGROUND Antiarrhythmic drugs are still used for the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, in combination with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators or without them. AIM OF THE STUDY In a double-blind randomized crossover design, the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of oral dofetilide or oral sotalol were compared in 135 patients with ischaemic heart disease and inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia. METHODS The inducibility of ventricular tachycardia was determined by programmed electrophysiological stimulation at baseline. Patients were then blindly randomized to receive either oral dofetilide 500 microg twice daily or oral sotalol 160 mg twice daily, for 3 to 5 days. Suppression of inducible ventricular tachycardia on the drug was then assessed by programmed electrophysiological stimulation. After a wash-out period of at least 2.5 days, the patients received the alternative treatment for 3 to 5 days. Suppression of inducible ventricular tachycardia on the alternate drug was again determined by programmed electrophysiological stimulation. Selection of long-term treatment was allocated blindly according to programmed electrophysiological stimulation results. RESULTS During the acute phase, 128 patients received both dofetilide and sotalol. Sixty-seven patients were responders to either drug. Forty-six patients (35.9%) were responders to dofetilide compared with 43 (33.6%) to sotalol (P=ns). Only 23 patients responded to both dofetilide and sotalol. Adverse events, deemed to be treatment related, were seen in 2.3% of patients receiving dofetilide and 8.6% of patients receiving sotalol (P=0.016). Three patients on dofetilide had torsade de pointes. Two patients receiving sotalol died during the acute phase (one was arrhythmic death, and the other was due to heart failure). During the long-term phase, two of 42 patients (4.8%) receiving dofetilide and three of 27 patients (11.1%) receiving sotalol withdrew from treatment due to lack of efficacy. Overall, during the long-term phase, 23.8% of the patients receiving dofetilide and 37.0% of the patients receiving sotalol, withdrew from treatment with a similar pattern of withdrawals for the two drugs. CONCLUSION Dofetilide was as efficacious as sotalol in preventing the induction of sustained ventricular tachycardia. There was no concordance in the response rate in two-thirds of the patients. Dofetilide was significantly better tolerated during the acute phase than sotalol. Both dofetilide and sotalol were well tolerated during the long term with no statistically significant difference in the adverse events.
Mobile Access of Wide-Spectrum Networks: Design, deployment and experimental evaluation

Wireless networks increasingly utilize diverse spectral bands that exhibit vast differences in both transmission range and usage. In this work, we present MAWS (Mobile Access of Wide-Spectrum Networks), the first scheme designed for mobile clients to evaluate and select both APs and spectral bands in wide-spectrum networks. Because of the potentially vast number of spectrum and AP options, scanning may be prohibitive. Consequently, our key technique is for clients to infer channel quality and spectral usage for their current location and bands using limited measurements collected in other bands and at other locations. We experimentally evaluate MAWS via a widespectrum network that we deploy, a testbed providing access to four bands at 700 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, the spectrum of these bands is the widest to be spanned to date by a single operational access network. A key finding of our evaluation is that under a diverse set of operating conditions, mobile clients can accurately predict their performance without a direct measurement at their current location and spectral bands.
FOURIER COEFFICIENTS OF HALF-INTEGRAL WEIGHT MODULAR FORMS MODULO

S. Chowla conjectured that every prime p has the property that there are infinitely many imaginary quadratic fields whose class number is not a multiple of p. Gauss’ genus theory guarantees the existence of infinitely many such fields when p = 2, and the work of Davenport and Heilbronn [D-H] suffices for the prime p = 3. In addition, the DavenportHeilbronn result demonstrates that a positive proportion of such fields have this property. Using an elementary argument based on the Kronecker recurrence relations, Hartung [Ha] proved that for any odd prime p there are indeed infinitely many such fields whose class numbers are not multiples of p. His argument has been employed in other similar studies [Ho1,Ho2, Ho-On]. It is easy to capture the flavor of the Kronecker relations: if r(n) denotes the number of representations of a positive integer n as a sum of three squares, then
Rural gentrification and networks of capital accumulation—A case study of Jackson, Wyoming

A spatial reorganization of agriculture has been underway throughout the 20th century, and this reorganization has accelerated in the context of neoliberal trade arrangements such as NAFTA and the European Union. Global production networks now characterize today’s agricultural industry resulting in devalorized rural production spaces in specific locales. At the same time, surplus capital accumulated in contemporary global cities and regional urban centers continuously seeks out new spaces for investment in potentially profitable rent gaps. These parallel forces stimulate the re-purposing of rural industrial spaces from agricultural to residential uses in much the same way as occurred in former manufacturing neighborhoods in many urban centers. Using Jackson, Wyoming as a case study, this paper illustrates these processes through a framework based largely on theorizations of gentrification in urban contexts. In doing so, the case study brings supply side explanations of gentrification more explicitly into the United States’ rural gentrification literature and further highlights how contemporary processes of rural gentrification represent new geographies of capital accumulation. The Jackson case study further demonstrates the ways in which these flows of capital produce rural space in a relational sense by linking the local rural to the national and global through complex networks of capital investment operating at multiple scales.
A global reanalysis of nuclear parton distribution functions

We determine the nuclear modifications of parton distribution functions of bound protons at scales Q2 ≥ 1.69 GeV2 and momentum fractions 10−5 ≤ x ≤ 1 in a global analysis which utilizes nuclear hard process data, sum rules and leading-order DGLAP scale evolution. The main improvements over our earlier work EKS98 are the automated χ2 minimization, simplified and better controllable fit functions, and most importantly, the possibility for error estimates. The resulting 16-parameter fit to the N = 514 datapoints is good, χ2/d.o. f = 0.82. Within the error estimates obtained, the old EKS98 parametrization is found to be fully consistent with the present analysis, with no essential difference in terms of χ2 either. We also determine separate uncertainty bands for the nuclear gluon and sea quark modifications in the large-x region where they are not stringently constrained by the available data. Comparison with other global analyses is shown and uncertainties demonstrated. Finally, we show that RHIC-BRAHMS data for inclusive hadron production in d+Au collisions lend support for a stronger gluon shadowing at x < 0.01 and also that fairly large changes in the gluon modifications do not rapidly deteriorate the goodness of the overall fits, as long as the initial gluon modifications in the region x ~ 0.02−0.04 remain small.
Identification of New Protein Interactions between Dengue Fever Virus and Its Hosts, Human and Mosquito

The four divergent serotypes of dengue virus are the causative agents of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. About two-fifths of the world's population live in areas where dengue is prevalent, and thousands of deaths are caused by the viruses every year. Dengue virus is transmitted from one person to another primarily by the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Recent studies have begun to define how the dengue viral proteins interact with host proteins to mediate viral replication and pathogenesis. A combined analysis of these studies, however, suggests that many virus-host protein interactions remain to be identified, especially for the mosquito host. In this study, we used high-throughput yeast two-hybrid screening to identify mosquito and human proteins that physically interact with dengue proteins. We tested each identified host protein against the proteins from all four serotypes of dengue to identify interactions that are conserved across serotypes. We further confirmed many of the interactions using co-affinity purification assays. As in other large-scale screens, we identified some previously detected interactions and many new ones, moving us closer to a complete host - dengue protein interactome. To help summarize and prioritize the data for further study, we combined our interactions with other published data and identified a subset of the host-dengue interactions that are now supported by multiple forms of evidence. These data should be useful for understanding the interplay between dengue and its hosts and may provide candidates for drug targets and vector control strategies.
Iminosugars Inhibit Dengue Virus Production via Inhibition of ER Alpha-Glucosidases—Not Glycolipid Processing Enzymes

It has long been thought that iminosugar antiviral activity is a function of inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident α-glucosidases, and on this basis, many iminosugars have been investigated as therapeutic agents for treatment of infection by a diverse spectrum of viruses, including dengue virus (DENV). However, iminosugars are glycomimetics possessing a nitrogen atom in place of the endocyclic oxygen atom, and the ubiquity of glycans in host metabolism suggests that multiple pathways can be targeted via iminosugar treatment. Successful treatment of patients with glycolipid processing defects using iminosugars highlights the clinical exploitation of iminosugar inhibition of enzymes other than ER α-glucosidases. Evidence correlating antiviral activity with successful inhibition of ER glucosidases together with the exclusion of alternative mechanisms of action of iminosugars in the context of DENV infection is limited. Celgosivir, a bicyclic iminosugar evaluated in phase Ib clinical trials as a therapeutic for the treatment of DENV infection, was confirmed to be antiviral in a lethal mouse model of antibody-enhanced DENV infection. In this study we provide the first evidence of the antiviral activity of celgosivir in primary human macrophages in vitro, in which it inhibits DENV secretion with an EC50 of 5 μM. We further demonstrate that monocyclic glucose-mimicking iminosugars inhibit isolated glycoprotein and glycolipid processing enzymes and that this inhibition also occurs in primary cells treated with these drugs. By comparison to bicyclic glucose-mimicking iminosugars which inhibit glycoprotein processing but do not inhibit glycolipid processing and galactose-mimicking iminosugars which do not inhibit glycoprotein processing but do inhibit glycolipid processing, we demonstrate that inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident α-glucosidases, not glycolipid processing, is responsible for iminosugar antiviral activity against DENV. Our data suggest that inhibition of ER α-glucosidases prevents release of virus and is the primary antiviral mechanism of action of iminosugars against DENV.
An analysis of different resources and programmes supporting at-risk families in Spain

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to present an overview of the existing family support resources in Spain for at-risk families. We analysed 64 family support services from 16 agencies belong to 11 regions of Spain. In a second phase, 20 positive parenting programmes were analysed in depth to ascertain the extent to which they met evidence-based programme quality criteria. Our results suggest that services for at-risk families are delivered by public, local and social agencies. Most interventions were psycho-educational and aimed at parental training. The analysis of the positive parenting programmes’ quality showed both strengths and weaknesses. Most programmes relied on a previous needs analysis and interventions were, to some extent, outlined in a manual. Nevertheless, few programmes have been evaluated according to evidence-based programme criteria. In light of these results, we discuss several practical implications for services and family support policies aimed at at-risk families.
Origin and Role of DNA Damage in Varicocele

Varicocele is considered as one of the main etiologies of male infertility. Along with altered semen parameters, increased DNA fragmentation is believed to play an important role in varicocele-induced infertility. DNA damage may result from intra- or extra-testicular factors. Among these, apoptosis, abnormal chromatin packaging and oxidative stress are the most researched and are addressed in this review. Significant evidence suggests that varicoceles have a harmful effect on testicular function and a varicocelectomy not only prevents progressive decline in testicular function, but also reverses the damage. However, the degree to which varicocele repair improves pregnancy rates and the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) remains controversial. Therefore, the role of varicocele repair on DNA fragmentation is also discussed.
Corporate Governance Reforms and Executive Compensation Determination: Evidence from the UK

This paper examines the effect that the ‘Cadbury reforms’ have had on the pay determination process of executives in the UK. Our results suggest that, on average, the impact has been disappointing. The relationship between pay and performance remains weak and the link to firm size has, if anything, been strengthened. However, our results suggest considerable heterogeneity in the impact of the reforms, and for those firms above median employment the link between pay and profits appears to have been reinforced.
Choose Celebity or Common People? The Influence of Endorser Type on Instagram User's Purchase Intention

This study aimed to examine whether purchase intention based on online consumer analysis was higher than based on micro-celebrity endorsement on Instagram and whether purchase intention based on microcelebrity analysis was higher than based on micro-celebrity endorsement and online consumer review on Instagram. The celebrity studied in this study was micro-celebrity on Instagram that was a new phenomenon especially in Indonesia. This study used online experimental method between-subjects design where the endorser type was varied between three groups (micro-celebrity endorsement, online consumer review, micro-celebrity review). The participants of this study were 540 women Instagram user aged 18-25 years old. The result showed that the average score of purchase intention on online consumer review group was significantly higher than micro-celebrity endorsement, t(358) = -2,20. Meanwhile, average score of purchase intention on micro-celebrity review was not significantly higher than microcelebrity endorsement and online consumer review on Instagram t(537) = 0,86, p >. 05 (1-tailed). Thus, we found that purchase intention based on online consumer review was higher than micro-celebrity endorsement. However, purchase intention based on micro-celebrity review was not higher than microcelebrity endorsement and online consumer review on Instagram. This result can be used as a basis for determining appropriate marketing strategy, especially on Instagram.
Brief Announcement: Improved Approximation Algorithms for Scheduling Co-Flows

Co-flow scheduling is a recent networking abstraction introduced to capture application-level communication patterns in datacenters. In this paper, we consider the offline co-flow scheduling problem with release times to minimize the total weighted completion time. Recently, Qiu, Stein and Zhong (SPAA, 2015) obtained the first constant approximation algorithms for this problem with a deterministic 67/3-approximation and a randomized (9 + 16√2)/3 ≅ 16.54-approximation. In this paper, we improve upon their algorithm to yield a deterministic 12-approximation algorithm. For the special case when all release times are zero, we obtain a deterministic 8-approximation and a randomized (3+2√2) ≅ 5.83-approximation.
DOIS MESTRES NA PERIFERIA DO CAPITALISMO: Michael Löwy e Mariátegui

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir alguns dos desdobramentos da interpretação da teoria do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado do capitalismo, presente em várias passagens da obra de Michael Löwy, a fim de indicar sua importância para a renovação crítica do marxismo latino-americano. Para tanto, buscaremos avançar por três momentos: 1) em primeiro lugar, iremos apresentar os delineamentos gerais da teoria do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado na obra de Löwy; 2) na sequência, vamos destacar a importância do contexto histórico latino-americano entre os anos de 1959 e 1979 no esforço interpretativo e político de Löwy, balizado, sobretudo, pela atualização da teoria do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado; finalmente, 3) argumentaremos que a fecundidade da interpretação de Löwy, no tocante ao contexto latino-americano, advém de sua familiaridade com o pensamento do marxista peruano José Carlos Mariátegui.
The phase transition in inhomogeneous random intersection graphs

We analyze the component evolution in inhomogeneous random intersection graphs when the average degree is close to 1. As the average degree increases, the size of the largest component in the random intersection graph goes through a phase transition. We give bounds on the size of the largest components before and after this transition. We also prove that the largest component after the transition is unique.
A model for smooth viewing and navigation of large 2D information spaces

Large 2D information spaces, such as maps, images, or abstract visualizations, require views at various level of detail: close ups to inspect details, overviews to maintain (literally) an overview. Users often change their view during a session. Smooth animations enable the user to maintain an overview during interactive viewing and to understand the context of separate views. We present a generic model to handle smooth image viewing. The core of the model is a metric on the effect of simultaneous zooming and panning, based on an estimate of the perceived velocity. Using this metric, solutions for various problems are derived, such as the optimal animation between two views, automatic zooming, and the parametrization of arbitrary camera paths. Optimal is defined here as smooth and efficient. Solutions are based on the shortest paths of a virtual camera, given the metric. The model has two free parameters: animation speed and zoom/pan trade off. A user experiment to find good values for these is described. Finally, it is shown how the model can be extended to deal also with rotation and nonuniform scaling.
Seasonal effects on the critical period for weed removal and okra performance on Tithonia diversifolia (Helmsl) A. Gray infested field.

Field experiments were conducted during dry and rainy reasons at the Ladoke Akintola of Technology Ogbomoso to understudy the effects of seasons on okra performance and the critical period for weed removal in Okra on Tithonia diversifolia infested fields. The randomised complete block experiment had ten weeding regimes (treatments) throughout the experimental period. Results of the experiments showed that better growth and yield of Okra occurred during the rainy season than the dry season. Okra performance was not significantly (P=0.05) affected during the rainy seasons when Tithonia weed competition did not exceed 4 WAP. However, during the dry season, okra performance was only comparable to the control when infestation did not exceed 2 weeks after planting (WAP). During the rainy season, weeding beyond the 4th WAP was luxurious while in the dry season luxurious weeding occurred beyond 2 WAP. Similarly, one single weeding that kepts the crop weed free for the first 2 WAP was as inadequate as not weeding at all during the rainy season while in the dry season delayed weeding beyond 2 WAP led to damages that could not be reversed by subsequent clean weeding.