Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rigorous analysis of delta-sigma modulators for fractional-N PLL frequency synthesis

In this paper, rigorous analyses are presented for higher order multistage noise shaping (MASH) Delta-Sigma (/spl Delta//spl Sigma/) modulators, which are built out of cascaded first-order stages, with rational DC inputs and nonzero initial conditions. Asymptotic statistics such as the mean, average power, and autocorrelation of the binary quantizer error are formulated using a nonlinear difference equation approach. An important topic of interest considered here is the fractional-N phase-locked-loop frequency synthesis applications, where the input to the modulator has to be a rational constant. It has been mathematically shown that, regardless of the initial conditions, first-order and second-order MASH /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulators with rational DC inputs cannot sufficiently randomize the quantization error samples, and, therefore, are not suitable for fractional-N synthesis applications. An irrational initial condition imposed on the first accumulator of a third or higher order MASH modulator, on the other hand, annihilates the tones throughout the whole output spectrum, and provides a very smooth noise shaping. Simulation results are provided to support the theoretically derived results. Implementation issues of the irrational initial condition in the digital domain are also discussed and investigated together with the effect of finite accumulator size on the noise-shaping quality factor.
Fronto-Parietal Contributions to Phonological Processes in Successful Artificial Grammar Learning

Sensitivity to regularities plays a crucial role in the acquisition of various linguistic features from spoken language input. Artificial grammar learning paradigms explore pattern recognition abilities in a set of structured sequences (i.e., of syllables or letters). In the present study, we investigated the functional underpinnings of learning phonological regularities in auditorily presented syllable sequences. While previous neuroimaging studies either focused on functional differences between the processing of correct vs. incorrect sequences or between different levels of sequence complexity, here the focus is on the neural foundation of the actual learning success. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants were exposed to a set of syllable sequences with an underlying phonological rule system, known to ensure performance differences between participants. We expected that successful learning and rule application would require phonological segmentation and phoneme comparison. As an outcome of four alternating learning and test fMRI sessions, participants split into successful learners and non-learners. Relative to non-learners, successful learners showed increased task-related activity in a fronto-parietal network of brain areas encompassing the left lateral premotor cortex as well as bilateral superior and inferior parietal cortices during both learning and rule application. These areas were previously associated with phonological segmentation, phoneme comparison, and verbal working memory. Based on these activity patterns and the phonological strategies for rule acquisition and application, we argue that successful learning and processing of complex phonological rules in our paradigm is mediated via a fronto-parietal network for phonological processes.
PENGARUH SELF-EFFICACY GURU DAN KREATIVITAS GURU TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR PADA MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI

AbstractThe problem in this research is the declining student achievement in economic subjects seen from the UN (National Examination) SMA throughout Ciamis District. The method used was a survey, while technical analysis of test data using path analysis. Samples used as many as 33 teachers.The results showed that teachers’ self-efficacy and motivation to learn in the medium category, while the creativity of teachers in the low category.The conclusion of the study are (1) self-efficacy of teachers negatively affect students’ motivation, (2) creativity teachers have a positive influence on the students motivation, (3) self-efficacy of teachers have a positive influence on student achievement. (4) the creativity of teachers have a positive influence on student achievement. (5) students’ motivation negative effect on student achievement.AbstrakArtikel ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keprihatinan terhadap menurunnya prestasi belajar siswa pada Matapelajaran Ekonomi dilihat dari nilai UN (Ujian Nasional) anak-anak SMA Negeri se-Kabupaten Ciamis. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey, sedangkan teknis analisis data menggunakan uji path analysis. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 33 guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) self-efficacy guru berpengaruh negatif terhadap motivasi belajar siswa, (2) kreativitas guru berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi belajar siswa, (3) self-efficacy guru berpengaruh positif terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, (4) kreativitas guru berpengaruh positif terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. (5) motivasi belajar siswa berpengaruh negatif terhadap prestasi belajar siswa.Pengutipan: Adirestuty, F. , Wirandana, E. (2016). Pengaruh Self-Efficacy Guru dan Kreativitas Guru terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa dan Implikasinya terhadap Prestasi Belajar pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi. SOSIO DIDAKTIKA: Social Science Education Journal, 3(2), 2016, 158-165. doi:10.15408/sd.v3i2. 4017.Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.15408/sd.v3i2. 4017
Noether's theorem and time-dependent quantum invariants

The time-dependent integrals of motion, linear in position and momentum operators, of a quantum system are extracted from Noether's theorem prescription by means of special time-dependent variations of coordinates. For the stationary case of the generalized two-dimensional harmonic oscillator, the time-independent integrals of motion are shown to correspond to special Bragg-type symmetry properties. A detailed study for the nonstationary case of this quantum system is presented. The linear integrals of motion are constructed explicitly for the case of varying mass and coupling strength. They are also obtained from Noether's theorem. The general treatment for a multi-dimensional quadratic system is indicated and it is shown that the time-dependent variations that give rise to the linear invariants, as conserved quantities, satisfy the corresponding classical homogeneous equations of motion for the coordinates.
AEROBIC STABILITY OF SILAGE

Many factors affect the silage fermentation process. For example, the DM content and buffering capacity of the crop to be ensiled, the amount of fermentable sugar available at ensiling and the type and numbers of microorganisms that dominate the fermentation process can markedly affect fermentation. However, Woolford (1990) stated that “the single most important factor which influences the efficiency with which forage crops are conserved as silage is the degree of anaerobiosis achieved in the completed silo”. Rapid removal of air from the forage mass and the ability to prevent air from infiltrating the silage mass during storage and feedout can have profound effects on feed quality. Excessive exposure to air at the start of fermentation prolongs the metabolism of unwanted microbes that thrive in air and delays the growth of beneficial bacteria that produce lactic acid. This can lead to undesirable fermentations and a loss in nutritive value. Prolonged infiltration of air during storage or feedout into the silage mass can lead to aerobic spoilage. Silage that is unstable when exposed to air heats rapidly and spoils leading to a loss of DM and nutrients with the potential for production of undesirable compounds. Aerobic spoilage during storage often is responsible for the majority of total DM lost in forage conserved as silage and may be as high as 30-40%. Even short term exposure to air results in losses. For example, DM losses from corn silage exposed to air for just 1 to 2 d was measured to be as high as 6% (Ranjit and Kung, 2000). In addition, much of the readily spoiled DM is of high quality. Besides an economic loss of nutrients, feeding spoiled silage to ruminants depresses nutrient intake and decreases production (Hoffman and Ocker, 1997; Whitlock et al., 2000). Preventing silage from spoiling when it is exposed to air can improve the efficiency of a farm by preserving forage as high quality silage that is palatable to cows.
The Psychology Department Model Advisement Procedure: A Comprehensive, Systematic Approach to Career Development Advisement

The MAP (Model Advisement Procedure) is a comprehensive, systematic approach to developmental student advisement. The MAP was implemented to improve advisement consistency, improve student preparation for internships/senior projects, increase career exploration, reduce career uncertainty, and, ultimately, improve student satisfaction with the post-graduate preparation offered by the program. The MAP structures each advisement session with a set of advisement questions, handouts, activities to complete between advisement sessions, and a place to record information for future advisement sessions. The present report is intended to describe the development of the MAP and the resources it offers. Further, we report on preliminary post-implementation assessment of the new advisement procedures. Although the effects were largely non-significant, the results indicated that students’ career exploration was more likely to be the result of the encouragement of advisors after the implementation of the MAP. Moreover, narrative data indicate that students are pleased with the new advisement procedures and the information/tools provided to them.
Cognitive Resources Necessary for Motor Control in Older Adults Are Reduced by Walking and Coordination Training

We examined if physical exercise interventions were effective to reduce cognitive brain resources recruited while performing motor control tasks in older adults. Forty-three older adults (63–79 years of age) participated in either a walking (n = 17) or a motor coordination (n = 15) intervention (1 year, 3 times per week) or were assigned to a control group (n = 11) doing relaxation and stretching exercises. Pre and post the intervention period, we applied functional MRI to assess brain activation during imagery of forward and backward walking and during counting backwards from 100 as control task. In both experimental groups, activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during imagery of forward walking decreased from pre- to post-test (Effect size: −1.55 and −1.16 for coordination and walking training, respectively; Cohen’s d). Regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between initial motor status and activation change in the right DLPFC (R2 = 0.243, F(3,39) = 4.18, p = 0.012). Participants with lowest motor status at pretest profited most from the interventions. Data suggest that physical training in older adults is effective to free up cognitive resources otherwise needed for the control of locomotion. Training benefits may become particularly apparent in so-called dual-task situations where subjects must perform motor and cognitive tasks concurrently.
Social stigmatisation,cultural coercion, and peer pressure faced by Pacific student reporters: A Wansolwara student press case study in problem-based learning

This set of three case studies, with elements of problem-based learning, examines how the University of the South Pacific (USP) journalism students deal with social pressure applied by their peers, and the impact on learning. This is becoming an urgent and increasing concern due to the new, global realities of trolling and cyber bullying. This article is part of ongoing research into applied learning and teaching through the USP journalism student training newspaper, Wansolwara. The first case study deals with social stigmatisation, the second with intimidation, and the third with assault and cyber bullying. This article argues that social pressures are both a threat and an opportunity. As unpleasant as the hostile reactions are, they are a reality of practising journalism. Student reporters’ exposure to such confronting situations provides an early taste of real world journalism. The learning outcomes show that the experience toughens students’ resolve. For those bearing the brunt of the vitriol, coping mechanisms such as guidance by lecturers, support from the fellow journalism students, family encouragement, and due recognition of their journalistic work, are critical. This article contends that unlike physical harm, psychological harm to student journalists is overlooked. This trend is risky, especially in the digital media age, and needs to be addressed.
Beyond Removal: Critically Engaging in Research on Geographies of Homelessness in the City of Rio de Janeiro

Abstract: The ongoing reconstruction of the city of Rio de Janeiro has already involved innumerous acts of removal. In the so-called “marvelous city” during the last few years people have been evicted from occupied buildings, families have been displaced from their (favela) neighborhoods and homeless people have been forcefully detained. These acts of removal cannot be seen as a unique exception, but rather as a common practice implemented systematically throughout the city’s history. Looking beyond these acts of removal, the paper traces the conditions and bases for the legitimation of the removal of homeless people and the dominant narratives about and representations of them as non-citizens and urban others. By reflecting on research on homelessness in this context, the possibilities of and obstacles to critically engaged research are discussed in order to make sense of the logic of removal. Thus, acknowledging knowledge from homeless people proves to be essential for research in order to challenge urban power relations that normalize these practices of removal. Resumo: A reconstrução em marcha na cidade do Rio de Janeiro tem envolvido inúmeras ações de remoção. Ocorreram despejos de imóveis ocupados, deslocamentos de favelas, assim como, ações violentas de recolhimentos da população em situação de rua, com o intuito de preservar a imagem e o mito da “cidade maravilhosa”. Estas remoções não podem ser entendidas como uma infeliz exceção, mas como uma prática comum implementada sistematicamente na história da cidade. Olhando além destas ações de remoção, esse artigo persegue as condições e as bases de legitimação para remover a população em situação de rua, por meio de narrativas dominantes e representações que os definem como não cidadãos. Ao refletir acerca da investigação sobre a população em situação de rua neste contexto, as possibilidades e obstáculos para um engajamento crítico da pesquisa estão sendo discutidos com o objetivo de compreender os sentidos das lógicas da remoção. Deste modo, reconhecer o conhecimento da população em situação de rua demonstra ser essencial para a contribuição de pesquisas que desafiam as relações de poder que naturalizam as práticas de remoção.
Complete linear weingarten surfaces of Bryant type. A plateau problem at infinity

In this paper we study a large class of Weingarten surfaces which includes the constant mean curvature one surfaces and flat surfaces in the hyperbolic 3-space. We show that these surfaces can be parametrized by holomorphic data like minimal surfaces in the Euclidean 3-space and we use it to study their completeness. We also establish some existence and uniqueness theorems by studing the Plateau problem at infinity: when is a given curve on the ideal boundary the asymptotic boundary of a complete surface in our family? and, how many embedded solutions are there?
Assessing biodiversity with species accumulation curves; inventories of small reptiles by pit-trapping in Western Australia

We examined 11 non-linear regression models to determine which of them best fitted curvilinear species accumulation curves based on pit-trapping data for reptiles in a range of heterogeneous and homogenous sites in mesic, semi-arid and arid regions of Western Australia. A well-defined plateau in a species accumulation curve is required for any of the models accurately to estimate species richness. Two different measures of effort (pit-trapping days and number of individuals caught) were used to determine if the measure of effort influenced the choice of the best model(s). We used species accumulation curves to predict species richness, determined the trapping effort required to catch a nominated percentage (e.g. 95%) of the predicted number of species in an area, and examined the relationship between species accumulation curves with diversity and rarity. Species richness, diversity and the proportion of rare species in a community influenced the shape of species accumulation curves. The Beta-P model provided the best overall fit (highest r 2 ) for heterogeneous and homogeneous sites. For heterogeneous sites, Hill, Rational, Clench, Exponential and Weibull models were the next best. For homogeneous habitats, Hill, Weibull and Chapman-Richards were the next best models. There was very little difference between Beta-P and Hill models in fitting the data to accumulation curves, although the Hill model generally over-estimated species richness. Most models worked equally well for both measures of trapping effort. Because the number of individuals caught was influenced by both pit-trapping effort and the abundance of individuals, both measures of effort must be considered if species accumulation curves are to be used as a planning tool. Trapping effort to catch a nominated percentage of the total predicted species in homogeneous and heterogeneous habitats varied among sites, but even for only 75% of the predicted number of species it was generally much higher than the typical effort currently being used for terrestrial vertebrate fauna surveys in Australia. It was not possible to provide a general indication of the effort required to predict species richness for a site, or to capture a nominated proportion of species at a site, because species accumulation curves are heavily influenced by the characteristics of particular sites.
Connection, special objects and congruence: the perspectives of young children from disadvantaged communities on participation in early childhood education settings

ABSTRACT This study contributes to child voice research that seeks to understand the early childhood education and care (ECEC) experiences of young children. Forty-seven children from seven disadvantaged communities in NSW Australia, including urban, rural and remote areas, participated in a face-to-face interview guided by Ecocultural theory. The children were asked to describe their experiences of the routines and activities of the ECEC service they attended. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed three main themes: connectedness (the importance to children of feeling connected to their peers and carers); special objects (the importance of things from home and ownership) and congruence (the extent to which the centre reflected or contradicted their home environment). Discussion of these findings includes implications for practice.
Distinguishing Bipolar Depression from Unipolar Depression in Youth: Preliminary Findings.

Abstract Objectives: To identify mood symptoms that distinguishes bipolar disorder (BP) depression versus unipolar depression in youth during an acute depressive episode. Methods: Youth with BP (N = 30) were compared with youth with unipolar depression (N = 59) during an acute depressive episode using the depression and mania items derived from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for Children (K-SADS)-Present Version. The results were adjusted for multiple comparisons, and any significant between-group differences in demographic, nonmood comorbid disorders, and psychiatric family history. Results: In comparison with unipolar depressed youth, BP depressed youth had significantly higher scores in several depressive symptoms and all subsyndromal manic symptoms, with the exception of increased goal-directed activity. Among the depressive symptoms, higher ratings of nonsuicidal physical self-injurious acts and mood reactivity, and lower ratings of aches/pains, were the symptoms that best dis.
Visual search for featural singletons: No top-down modulation, only bottom-up priming

The present study investigated the effect of top-down knowledge on search for a feature singleton (a “pop-out target”). In a singleton detection task, advance cueing of the dimension of upcoming singleton resulted in cueing costs and benefits (Experiment 1). When the search for the singleton stayed the same but only the response requirements were changed, advance cueing failed to have an effect (Experiments 2 and 3). In singleton search only bottom-up priming plays a role (Experiments 4 and 5). We conclude that expectancy-based, top-down knowledge cannot guide the search for a featural singleton. Bottom-up priming that does facilitate search for a featural singleton cannot be influenced by top-down control. The study demonstrates that effects often attributed to early top-down guidance may represent effects that occur later in processing or represent bottom-up priming effects.
THE UTILITY OF THE NEO-PI-3 IN A SAMPLE OF SOUTH AFRICAN ADOLESCENTS

Psychological tests, particularly personality tests, are routinely employed for career guidance and counselling, in university selection procedures and therapeutic settings with adolescents. The NEO-PI-3 is the newest revision in the NEO family of personality instruments and has been revised to suit adolescent populations. This research explored the utility of the NEO-PI-3 in a convenience sample of 329 learners from a public school in Johannesburg, South Africa. Utility was established using a mixed methods approach where internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the NEO-PI-3 was explored using Cronbachâ€™s alpha and exploratory factor analysis. Learners were also asked to comment on the appropriateness of the NEO-PI-3 items. These comments were subjected to thematic analysis. Reliability coefficients for the NEO-PI-3 scales were variable. The factor structure for this sample was incongruent with cross-cultural samples but a five factor solution resembling the normative sample was found once the Compliance facet was removed. 36.2% of the sample reported experiencing difficulty with understanding words and items on the NEO-PI-3. The most dominant theme identified amongst the learners was a lack of understanding of items and words. This was followed by problems with item construction, questionnaire length and the repetitive nature of items. The results suggest that the NEO-PI-3 may not be used in its current form in the South African context. Further research and possible test adaption would be needed before using the instrument.
The Optimal Leaf Biochemical Selection for Mapping Species Diversity Based on Imaging Spectroscopy

Remote sensing provides a consistent form of observation for biodiversity monitoring across space and time. However, the regional mapping of forest species diversity is still difficult because of the complexity of species distribution and overlapping tree crowns. A new method called “spectranomics” that maps forest species richness based on leaf chemical and spectroscopic traits using imaging spectroscopy was developed by Asner and Martin. In this paper, we use this method to detect the relationships among the spectral, biochemical and taxonomic diversity of tree species, based on 20 dominant canopy species collected in a subtropical forest study site in China. Eight biochemical components (chlorophyll, carotenoid, specific leaf area, equivalent water thickness, nitrogen, phosphorus, cellulose and lignin) are quantified by spectral signatures (R2 = 0.57–0.85, p < 0.01). We also find that the simulated maximum species number based on the eight optimal biochemical components is approximately 15, which is suitable for most 30 m × 30 m forest sites within this study area. This research may support future work on regional species diversity mapping using airborne imaging spectroscopy.