Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of gender-based stereotype threat on leader-follower relations

This thesis explores the effects of gender-based leader stereotypes on leaderfollower relations in terms of the implications of shared identity between the leader and the followers (team and/or gender). Four experiments assessed followers’ attitudes toward their leaders when the leaders’ genders were under conditions of stereotype threat as compared to advantage (Studies 1 and 2), nothreat (Study 3) or control (Study 4). Experimental conditions were invoked using text-based stereotype manipulations. In Study 1 (where stereotypes favoured male leaders, thus implicitly representing threat for females) and Study 2 (where stereotypes manipulated advantage/threat for both genders), undergraduates in mixed-sex teams rated team leaders’ presentations. In Study 3, undergraduates in single-sex teams (under conditions of stereotype threat or no-threat) predicted their team leader’s performance, indicated leader-follower proximity (leader’s prototypicality, leader identification and collective threat), and reported perceived self-efficacy for leadership. Similar measures were obtained in Study 4, where corporate employees selected an effective leader from their work experience, prior to exposure to stereotype manipulations (threat or control). The student studies had three main findings. First, male leaders benefitted from the ratings of high team identifiers (a) in the context of male advantage/ female stereotype threat and (b) when males were under threat relative to the advantage condition. The benefit of team identification was not evident for female leaders. Second, male leaders benefitted from female followers’ ratings under threat compared to the advantage condition. In contrast, female leaders under stereotype threat were downgraded by female followers relative to advantage or no-threat conditions. Third, stereotype threat negatively affected high team identifiers’ self-efficacy for leadership. In the corporate study, male respondents’ choice of an effective leader was more likely to be a male whereas there was no gender difference in the leaders chosen by female respondents. Drawing on role congruity theory and a social identity framework, the thesis analyses and finds evidence suggesting that stereotype threat as collective threat contributed to followers’ relatively negative attitudes toward female leaders in terms of leader-follower relations. Gergely Czukor, submitted thesis, 01-10-2013 3
Test enrichment for path delay faults using multiple sets of target faults

Test sets for path delay faults in circuits with large numbers of paths are typically generated for path delay faults associated with the longest circuit paths. We show that such test sets may not detect faults associated with the next-to-longest paths. This may lead to undetected failures since shorter paths may fail without any of the longest paths failing. In addition, paths that appear to be shorter may actually be longer than the longest paths if the procedure used for estimating path length is inaccurate. We propose a test enrichment procedure that increases significantly the number of faults associated with the next-to-longest paths that are detected by a (compact) test set. This is achieved by allowing the underlying test generation procedure the flexibility of detecting or not detecting the faults associated with the next-to-longest paths. Faults associated with next. -to-longest paths are detected without increasing the number of tests beyond that required to detect the faults associated with the longest paths. The proposed procedure thus improves the quality of the test set without increasing its size.
Mundane Heterosexualities: From Theory to Practices

Unmasking Heterosexuality Theories of Heterosexuality Reconsidered A Heterosexual Life: Agency and Structure Heterosexuality Across the Twentieth Century Getting the Story Straight Getting it Together? Carnal and Romantic Discourses What's Sex Got to do with it? Heterosexuality as an Organising Principle Nothing Natural? At Home with Heterosexuality Different Heterosexualities: Different Histories Conclusion Index
Growth of long bones in renal failure: roles of hyperparathyroidism, growth hormone and calcitriol.

BACKGROUND The treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (2 degrees HPT) associated with chronic renal failure adversely affects skeletal growth. METHODS We assessed epiphyseal growth plate morphology by quantitative histology and measured mRNA levels for selected markers of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation by in situ hybridization in the growth plate cartilage of subtotally nephrectomized rats with either mild or advanced 2 degrees HPT. RESULTS The width of the growth plate cartilage in the proximal tibia and mRNA levels for PTH/PTHrP receptor were unchanged in rats with mild 2 degrees HPT, however, they were markedly less in nephrectomized rats with advanced 2 degrees HPT than in intact controls. Treatment with growth hormone 10 IU/kg/day increased growth plate thickness both in mild and in advanced 2 degrees HPT and raised mRNA levels for type II and type X collagen in rats with advanced 2 degrees HPT. The administration of calcitriol 50 ng/kg/day attenuated these responses in animals with advanced 2 degrees HPT. Overall, PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA levels did not correspond to the serum levels of PTH indicating that PTH/PTHrP receptor expression is down-regulated in renal failure by a PTH-independent mechanism. CONCLUSION Calcitriol counteracts the trophic actions of growth hormone on epiphyseal growth plate cartilage and modifies chondrocyte differentiation in vivo, and these mechanisms may contribute to disturbances in longitudinal bone growth in renal failure.
A monoamine-regulated Klebsiella aerogenes operon containing the monoamine oxidase structural gene (maoA) and the maoC gene

The Klebsiella aerogenes gene maoA, which is involved in the synthesis of monoamine oxidase, was induced by tyramine and the related compounds, subjected to catabolite and ammonium ion repression, and cloned. The nucleotide sequence of the region involved in monoamine oxidase synthesis was determined. Two open reading frames, the maoA gene and a hitherto unknown gene (maoC), were found. These are located between a potential promoter sequence and a transcriptional terminator sequence. A region of the Escherichia coli chromosome that was highly homologous to the Klebsiella maoA gene was found. The potential maoA gene is located at 30.9 min on the E. coli chromosome. Analysis of the amino acid sequences of the first 11 amino acids from the N terminus of the purified monoamine oxidase agrees with those deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the maoA gene. The leader peptide extends over 30 amino acids and has the characteristics of a signal sequence. Primer extension and S1 nuclease mapping of transcripts generated in vivo suggests that the tyramine-induced mRNA starts at a site 62 bases upstream from the ATG initiation codon of the maoC gene. In the putative promoter region, a high degree of similarity to the consensus sequence for the binding site of cyclic AMP receptor protein was found. Thus, the mao region is composed of two cistrons, and the mao operon is regulated by monoamine compounds, glucose, and ammonium ions.
When I drank too much: young people in their 20s tell their stories

Young males and females aged 20 from different social groups who live in different parts of Sweden were interviewed with a focus group methodology. The groups were formed by various friendship networks. As alcohol consumption has increased steeply in this age group during the past few years, our aim was to examine the ways in which young people informally reason about alcohol. This sub-study shows how they communicate their experiences of occasional excessive drinking in the form of stories. The value systems underlying the stories are studied by analysing the accounts offered for excessive drinking. The moral conveyed by the stories is that those who drink too much risk being regarded as morally questionable in our culture. At the same time, the extent to which the listeners accept the accounts shows the conditions under which this kind of behaviour can be met with understanding and seen as an involuntary, reasonable reaction to an outer pressure or other circumstances that the storyteller cannot control.
Hyperactivity : Why Won't My Child Pay Attention

HYPERACTIVITY AND ITS CAUSES. What Is Hyperactivity? Evaluating the Child for Hyperactivity. What Causes Hyperactivity? PORTRAIT OF THE HYPERACTIVE CHILD. Is Tim Hyperactive or Just Four Years Old? Are Friends an Impossible Dream for the Hyperactive Child? The Hyperactive Child at School: Fitting a Round Peg into a Square Hole. The Hyperactive Child at Home: The Scapegoat. The Hyperactive Teenager and Adult: Who Will Succeed and Who Will Fail? What Else Can Go Wrong for Hyperactive Children? WHAT CAN PARENTS DO? The Impossible Dream: Four Steps to Successful Parenting. The Need for Many Treatments. A Reasoned and Reasonable Approach to Using Medication with Hyperactive Children. AFTERWORD. Final Thoughts on Hyperactivity. Appendix. Index.
Duality between the dynamics of line-like brushes of point defects in 2D and strings in 3D in liquid crystals

We analyze the dynamics of dark brushes connecting point vortices of strength ±1 formed in the isotropic–nematic phase transition of a thin layer of nematic liquid crystals, using a crossed polarizer set up. The evolution of the brushes is seen to be remarkably similar to the evolution of line defects in a three-dimensional nematic liquid crystal system. Even phenomena like the intercommutativity of strings are routinely observed in the dynamics of brushes. We test the hypothesis of a duality between the two systems by determining exponents for the coarsening of total brush length with time as well as shrinking of the size of an isolated loop. Our results show scaling behavior for the brush length as well as the loop size with corresponding exponents in good agreement with the 3D case of string defects.
Characterization of the bacterial population structure in an anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge system on the basis of respiratory quinone profiles

Bacterial respiratory quinones were used as biomarkers for studying the bacterial population structure, especially the content of Acinetobacter species, in a laboratory-scale anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge system and in the standard aerobic system. All tested sludges contained both ubiquinone and menaquinone, with a molar ratio of about 1:0.5. High-performance liquid chromatography showed that ubiquinone with eight isoprene units (Q-8) was present as the predominant ubiquinone, Q-10 was the second most common type, and Q-9 and other homologs were minor components in the anaerobic-aerobic sludge and the standard aerobic sludge. Bacteriological examination indicated that, in both sludge systems, Q-8-containing bacteria constituted a large proportion of the aerobic heterotrophic bacterial flora, but only a few strains with Q-9 were found. These findings demonstrate that the population of Acinetobacter species, which contain Q-9 as the major quinone, is negligible in those environments. The present results suggest that the introduction of anaerobic conditions into the aerobic batch process has little influence on the bacterial community structure.
Effect of environmental noise and music on dexmedetomidine-induced sedation in dogs

Background Previous studies in human patients suggest depth of sedation may be affected by environmental noise or music; however, related data in domestic animals is limited. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of noise and music on dexmedetomidine-induced (DM- 10 µg/kg, IM) sedation in 10 dogs. Methods In a crossover design, post-DM injection dogs were immediately subjected to recorded human voices at either 55–60 decibel (dB) (Noise 1) or 80–85 dB (Noise 2); classical music at 45–50 dB (Music); or background noise of 40–45 dB (Control+). Control− included IM saline injection and exposure to 40–45 dB background noise. Sedation was assessed via monitoring spontaneous behavior and accelerometry (delta-g) throughout three 20-min evaluation periods: baseline, noise exposure, and post-treatment. Sedation was further assessed during two restraint tests at 30 min (R1) and 40 min (R2) post-injection. A mixed model for crossover design was used to determine the effect of noise exposure and time on either spontaneous behavior scores or delta-g. The restraint scores were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results Spontaneous behavior scores indicated less sedation during Noise 2 compared to Control+ (P = 0.05). R2 restraint scores for all DM treatments except Noise 2 indicated significantly higher sedation than Control− [C+ (P = 0.003), M (P = 0.014) and N1 (P = 0.044)]. Discussion Results suggest that the quality of sedation is negatively impacted by high-intensity noise conditions (80–85 dB), but exposure to music did not improve sedation in this population of research dogs.
Ocular blood flow alteration in glaucoma is related to systemic vascular dysregulation

Aims: To investigate the source of ocular blood flow alterations in glaucoma. Methods: In 56 patients with open angle glaucoma, blood flow parameters were obtained from both eyes in the ophthalmic and central retinal artery by means of colour Doppler imaging, as well as in the choroidal circulation and the neuroretinal rim of the optic nerve by means of laser Doppler flowmetry. Based on these haemodynamic parameters, a cluster analysis (two groups) was performed and differences with regard to risk factors were assessed between clusters. Results: Ocular blood flow data in the two clusters indicated that the two groups (cluster 1 = 26 patient with higher blood flow values; cluster 2 = 30 patients with lower blood flow values) differed mainly in choroidal and optic nerve blood flow. No differences in sex distribution, propensity to have normal tension glaucoma, age, endothelin-1 plasma levels, visual field damage, intraocular pressure, or systemic blood pressure parameters were observed between the two clusters. However, 12 patients (46%) from the cluster with high ocular blood flow values showed a vasospastic response in nailfold capillaroscopy, while such a response was observed in 24 patients (80%) of the cluster with low ocular blood flow values. This difference in vasospastic propensity was statistically significant (p = 0.0121). Conclusions: Ocular blood flow alterations in glaucoma patients seem, at least partly, to be related to a systemic vascular dysregulation.
Semantic Integration in Heterogeneous Databases Using Neural Networks

One important step in integrating heterogeneous databases is matching equivalent attributes: Determining which fields in two databases refer to the same data. The meaning of information may be embodied within a. database model, a conceptual schema, application programs, or data contents. Integration involves extracting semantics, expressing them as metadata, and matching semantically equivalent data elements. We present a procedure using a classifier to categorize attributes according to their field specifications and data values, then train a neural network to recognize similar attributes. In our technique, the knowledge of how to match equivalent data elements is “discovered” from metadata , not “pre-programmed”.
A preliminary study on the social and emotional experience of parents of children with cleft lip and palate

There are very few studies that describe the emotional and social experiences of parents of children with cleft lip and? or palate who are undergoing treatment. To understand these circumstances, 34 parents of children with cleft lip and? or palate were surveyed to find out about the parents? social and emotional experiences of having children with this physical disorder. The research was carried out using structured questionnaires that parents completed during a support group meeting. The questionnaires included questions on the reactions of people toward the child, parents? emotional reactions, social support, coping strategies and resources used. Results of the study indicated that parents do need some assistance during the early stages of treatment. Furthermore, pediatricians play a very important role in the follow-up of treatment, empowerment of parents, and dissemination of information on the child? s condition. Contrary to much speculation, the parents reported that they are generally not stigmatized, and took a proactive approach towards finding out information about the disorder, and also about caring for their children. The study concluded by indicating that future studies would need to have larger samples, span a wider age groups, focus on the children? s first 12 months, and also their experiences when they begin to attend school.
Soluble E‐selectin and eosinophil cationic protein are distinct serum markers that differentially represent clinical features of atopic dermatitis

The serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), soluble E‐selectin (sE‐selectin), soluble CD14 (sCD14) and interleukin (IL)‐4 are known to be elevated in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, little is known of the mutual relationship between these factors. To elucidate the clinical and mutual relevance of these markers, we examined the serum levels of ECP, sE‐selectin, sCD14 and IL‐4 as compared with eruption scores, itch scores, total IgE and numbers of peripheral eosinophils in patients with AD (n = 43), non‐atopic eczema (n = 24) and urticaria (n = 13) and in normal individuals (n = 45). In 27 patients with AD the levels of these markers were compared before and after treatment. Levels of ECP were elevated only in the patients with AD, whereas the sE‐selectin levels were higher not only in AD but also in non‐atopic eczema in a severity‐dependent manner. The levels of both markers significantly diminished after treatment. Significant correlations existed between ECP levels and numbers of eosinophils, sE‐selectin levels and itch scores, and sE‐selectin levels and IgE levels. No significant changes were observed in the sCD14 and IL‐4 levels. Taken together, sE‐selectin and ECP are good but distinct serum markers that reflect different clinical features of AD.
Lift-based paddling in diving grebe.

To examine the hydrodynamic propulsion mechanism of a diving great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus), the three-dimensional kinematics was determined by digital analysis of sequential video images of dorsal and lateral views. During the acceleration phase of this foot-propelled bird, the feet move through an arc in a plane nearly normal to the bird's line of motion through the water, i.e. the toes move dorsally and medially but not caudally relative to the water. The kinematics of the grebe's lobed feet is different from that in anseriforms, whose feet move in a plane mostly parallel to the bird's line of progress through the water. Our results suggest that the foot-propelled locomotor mechanism of grebes is based primarily on a lift-producing leg and foot stroke, in contrast to the drag-based locomotion assumed previously. We suggest that the lift-based paddling of grebes considerably increases both maximum swimming speed and energetic efficiency over drag-based propulsion. Furthermore, the results implicate a new interpretation of the functional morphology of these birds, with the toes serving as a self-stabilizing multi-slotted hydrofoil during the power phase.
Integrating Nursing Quality with Achievement and Aptitude: Towards Assessing Nursing Potential

The study integrated the qualities of nursing students (N=227) with their aptitude and academic achievement in a tripartite model. A battery of tests called in the Assessment for Nursing Potential (ANP) composed of the (a) Nursing Quality Scale (NQS) with factors on caring, compassion, commitment and connectedness; (b) Achievement test; and (c) Aptitude test was used in the study. Using a three-wave longitudinal design, the NQS was first administered followed by the aptitude, then the achievement tests. The effects of the nursing qualities on achievement and aptitude were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The first model indicates that nursing quality as a latent factor has no significant effects on both achievement and aptitude, obtaining a moderate goodness of fit (RMSEA=.09). However, when the same model was tested including the effect of aptitude on achievement, it resulted to a better fit (RMSEA=.06). In the second model, aptitude has a significant effect on achievement, p<. 05. The model explains that attitudinal characteristics of nurses are independent of cognitive abilities such as their aptitude and achievement, and thus supports the belief that it is possible to integrate them in assessing nursing potential. Although effective nurses may possess the necessary characteristics such as caring, compassion, commitment, and connectedness, these quality traits do not affect their abilities.
Preventive intervention with the recently bereaved.

To study the effectiveness of preventive intervention in lowering postbereavement morbidity, 200 widows were assessed in the early weeks following their husbands' deaths. Subjects at risk for postbereavement morbidity were selected and randomly allocated to experimental (N = 31) and control (N = 33) groups. Specific support for grief and encouragement of mourning was carried out with the experimental group during the first three months; no intervention was given to the control group. All were followed up 13 months later with a validated health questionnaire. There was a significant lowering of morbidity in the intervention group as compared to the control group (P less than .02). The most significant impact of intervention occurred with the subgroup of intervention and control subjects who perceived their social networks as very nonsupportive during the bereavement crisis (P less than .001).
n-Butyrate, a cell cycle blocker, inhibits the replication of polyomaviruses and papillomaviruses but not that of adenoviruses and herpesviruses

Small DNA viruses are dependent on the interaction of early proteins (such as large T antigen) with host p53 and Rb to bring about the G1-to-S cell cycle transition. The large DNA viruses are less dependent on host regulatory genes since additional early viral proteins (such as viral DNA polymerase, DNA metabolic enzymes, and other replication proteins) are involved in DNA synthesis. A highly conserved domain of large T antigen (similar to the p53-binding region) exclusively identifies papovavirus, parvovirus, and papillomaviruses from all other larger DNA viruses and implies a conserved interaction with host regulatory genes. In this report, we show that 3 to 6 mM butyrate, a general cell cycle blocker implicated in inhibition of the G1-to-S transition, inhibits DNA replication of polyomavirus and human papillomavirus type 11 but not the replication of larger DNA viruses such as adenovirus types 2 and 5, herpes simplex virus type 1, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus, which all bypass the butyrate-mediated cell cycle block. This butyrate effect on polyomavirus replication is not cell type specific, nor does it depend on the p53 or Rb gene, as inhibition was seen in fibroblasts with intact or homozygous deleted p53 or Rb, 3T6 cells, keratinocytes, C2C12 myoblasts, and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, butyrate did not inhibit expression of polyomavirus T antigen. The antiviral effect of butyrate involves a form of imprinted state, since pretreatment of cells with 3 mM butyrate inhibits human papillomavirus type 11 DNA replication for at least 96 h after its removal. Butyrate, therefore, serves as a molecular tool in dissecting the life cycle of smaller DNA viruses from that of the larger DNA viruses in relation to the cell cycle.