Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emissions of Black Carbon, Organic, and Inorganic Aerosols From Biomass Burning in North America and Asia in 2008

[1] Reliable assessment of the impact of aerosols emitted from boreal forest fires on the Arctic climate necessitates improved understanding of emissions and the microphysical properties of carbonaceous (black carbon (BC) and organic aerosols (OA)) and inorganic aerosols. The size distributions of BC were measured by an SP2 based on the laser-induced incandescence technique on board the DC-8 aircraft during the NASA ARCTAS campaign. Aircraft sampling was made in fresh plumes strongly impacted by wildfires in North America (Canada and California) in summer 2008 and in those transported from Asia (Siberia in Russia and Kazakhstan) in spring 2008. We extracted biomass burning plumes using particle and tracer (CO, CH3CN, and CH2Cl2) data. OA constituted the dominant fraction of aerosols mass in the submicron range. The large majority of the emitted particles did not contain BC. We related the combustion phase of the fire as represented by the modified combustion efficiency (MCE) to the emission ratios between BC and other species. In particular, we derived the average emission ratios of BC/CO = 2.3 ± 2.2 and 8.5 ± 5.4 ng m−3/ppbv for BB in North America and Asia, respectively. The difference in the BC/CO emission ratios is likely due to the difference in MCE. The count median diameters and geometric standard deviations of the lognormal size distribution of BC in the BB plumes were 136–141 nm and 1.32–1.36, respectively, and depended little on MCE. These BC particles were thickly coated, with shell/core ratios of 1.3–1.6. These parameters can be used directly for improving model estimates of the impact of BB in the Arctic.
Demand for Child Healthcare in Nigeria

Nigeria with an estimated $350 per capital annually still ranks near the bottom 158 out of 177 countries in the UN Human Capital Development Index in terms of per capita income, with more than half of the population living in poverty. Over the past decade U5MR is estimated to be 201 deaths/1000 lives births, the high rates of child mortality especially the 0-5 years shows the total breakdown of social and economic well-being of the country. This paper examined child health care demand in Nigeria using the Nested Multinomial Logit Model estimation technique. The study used parents’ education as a proxy for child education, while the decision to make a choice of the health facilities was also assumed to be that of the House-Hold head. The study found out that female child has a higher probability of seeking health care facility ahead of their male counterpart. Also, the household head educational level was found to be a determinant of health care seeking behavior of the child. Empirical evidence also revealed that that the probability of seeking healthcare increases with household size and that demand for child health care in Nigeria is non linear in nature. Based on this, the paper recommends the need to show greater commitment to child health care and that government should reduce the problems militating against effective performance of the health sector such as, inefficiency, wasteful use of resources, low quality of service and poor enabling environment.
Efficacy of language assessment in Alzheimer’s disease: comparing in-person examination and telemedicine

Background: With the large number of aging individuals requiring screening of cognitive functions for dementing illnesses, there is a necessity for innovative evaluation approaches. One domain that should allow for online, at a distance, examination is speech and language dysfunction, if the auditory and visual transmission is of sufficient quality to allow adequate patient participation and reliable, valid interpretation of signs and symptoms (Duffy et al 1997). Objective: Examine the effectiveness of language assessment in mild Alzheimer’s patients using telemedicine (TM) compared with traditional in-person (IP) assessment. Design: Ten patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease, enrolled at a Geriatric Memory Clinic received a battery of standard language tests under two conditions: face-to-face and via satellite TM. Results: Comparison of TM and IP testing conditions were assessed within each for scores on each test in the two conditions. On each of the five language tasks, the Wilcoxon signed ranks test indicated no significant difference on performance between the TM and IP conditions for each participant. Overall acceptance of the TM evaluation in an elderly population was rated at a high level except for one individual. Conclusion: Telemedicine can improve access to speech and language evaluation services which is relevant to both dementia and other neurological diseases of the elderly. In particular, this specific assessment tool can be used to provide evaluations in under-served rural areas.
Effects of albumin‐conjugated PYY on food intake: the respective roles of the circumventricular organs and vagus nerve

The mechanism and routes through which peptide tyrosine‐tyrosine (PYY) exerts its anorectic effects are still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the roles of the area postrema (AP), subfornical organ (SFO) and vagus nerve in mediating the anorectic effect of PYY using PYY3‐36 conjugated to human serum albumin (PYY3‐36‐HSA) in rats. PYY3‐36‐HSA is a large molecule that does not penetrate the blood–brain barrier, and thus provides a useful tool to discriminate between the central (brain) and peripheral actions of this peptide. PYY3‐36‐HSA induced significant reductions in food and body weight gain up to 24 h after administration. The anorectic effect of PYY3‐36‐HSA was delayed for 2 h in rats in which both AP and SFO were ablated, while lesion of either of these circumventricular organs in isolation did not influence the feeding responses to PYY3‐36‐HSA. The PYY3‐36‐HSA‐induced anorectic effect was also reduced during the 3‐ to 6‐h period following subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Lesions of AP, SFO and AP/SFO as well as subdiaphragmatic vagotomy blunted PYY3‐36‐HSA‐induced expression of c‐fos mRNA in specific brain structures including the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, central amygdala, lateral–external parabrachial nucleus and medial nucleus of the solitary tract. In addition, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy inhibited the neuronal activation induced by PYY3‐36‐HSA in AP and SFO. These findings suggest that the anorectic effect and brain neuronal activation induced by PYY3‐36‐HSA are dependent on integrity of AP, SFO and subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve.
Linking organizational justice to affective commitment: the role of perceived supervisor support in Chinese higher education settings

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the relationship between organizational justice (OJ), perceived supervisor support (PSS), and affective commitment (AC) among university teachers. 426 teachers from 5 universities of China were sampled to complete the measures. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and bootstrap analysis were employed to test the hypotheses. The results showed that university teachers’ perception of OJ positively predicted their AC; moreover, PSS partially mediated the relationship between OJ and AC among university teachers.
MEASUREMENT OF IODINE CELL PURITY AND ABSOLUTE FREQUENCY SHIFTS FOR LASER STABILIZATION

This contribution deals with the investigation of uncertainties achievable through stabilization of lasers using saturated absorption in iodine vapour. The main focus is on the iodine cell technology and evaluation. We present results from two independent methods for the measurement of the purity of molecular iodine in absorption cells. The purity was tested by improved method based on measurement of induced fluorescence and evaluation by the Stern-Volmer formula. Original measurement setup was upgraded with a system for compensation of unwanted effects of back-reflected and scattered light and multimode regime of the pumping laser. The modified arrangement results in a significant improvement of reproducibility. The evaluation of absolute frequency shifts caused by iodine cells was measured by direct frequency comparison of iodine-stabilized frequency doubled Nd:YAG lasers. The absolute frequency shift of a reference laser system was calibrated by frequency comparison with a stabilized optical comb locked to the radiofrequency etalon, the measuring system consists of a commercial laser and our stabilization system with 3f technique. Correct function of the stabilization setup was verified through the evaluation of the Allan standard deviations. A series of measurements with a special refillable iodine cell was conducted on both experimental setups for three various levels of impurities. Results of both methods are in a very good correlation and show very high purity of iodine in measured cells. The results also help for definition of procedures for improving iodine cell manufacturing technology at the Institute of Scientific Instruments.
Essential Stuffs for the Cause of Metallic Corrosion in Mineral Oils

Metallic corrosion is a prominent interrogation regarding most of industries and even small scale applications of ferrous metals since the corrosion process is modified by some specific compounds which have been found from the natural environment. Mineral oil is a chemical compound that more prone to cause the metallic corrosion due to some specific corrosive properties of mineral oils. There were expected to enquire the impact of two different types of mineral oils on the corrosion rate of seven different types of ferrous metals. According to the methodology of the research the chemical compositions of ferrous metals, foremost corrosive properties of both mineral oils, corrosion rates of similar sized metal coupons after certain time period, qualitative analysis of the corrosion, decay of metals into the mineral oils during the corrosion and the variations of the hardness of metal coupons due to the corrosion were tested by standard methods and instruments. The lower corrosion rates from stainless steels in both mineral oils were obtained as the inceptive results of the experiment with a few of another confirmation observation regarding each investigation.
Comparative recommender system evaluation: benchmarking recommendation frameworks

Recommender systems research is often based on comparisons of predictive accuracy: the better the evaluation scores, the better the recommender. However, it is difficult to compare results from different recommender systems due to the many options in design and implementation of an evaluation strategy. Additionally, algorithmic implementations can diverge from the standard formulation due to manual tuning and modifications that work better in some situations. In this work we compare common recommendation algorithms as implemented in three popular recommendation frameworks. To provide a fair comparison, we have complete control of the evaluation dimensions being benchmarked: dataset, data splitting, evaluation strategies, and metrics. We also include results using the internal evaluation mechanisms of these frameworks. Our analysis points to large differences in recommendation accuracy across frameworks and strategies, i.e. the same baselines may perform orders of magnitude better or worse across frameworks. Our results show the necessity of clear guidelines when reporting evaluation of recommender systems to ensure reproducibility and comparison of results.
Somatization vs. Psychologization of Emotional Distress: A Paradigmatic Example for Cultural Psychopathology

This paper describes the developing area of cultural psychopathology, an interdisciplinary field of study focusing on the ways in which cultural factors contribute to the experience and expression of psychological distress. We begin by outlining two approaches, often competing, in order to provide a background to some of the issues that complicate the field. The main section of the paper is devoted to a discussion of depression in Chinese culture as an example of the types of questions that can be studied. Here, we start with a review of the epidemiological literature, suggesting low rates of depression in China, and move to the most commonly cited explanation, namely that Chinese individuals with depression present this distress in a physical way. Different explanations of this phenomenon, known as somatization, are explored and reconceptualized according to an increasingly important model for cross-cultural psychologists: the cultural constitution of the self. We close by discussing some of the contributions, both theoretical and methodological, that can be made by cross-cultural psychologists to researchers in cultural psychopathology. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. This article is available in Online Readings in Psychology and Culture: http://scholarworks.gvsu. edu/orpc/vol10/iss2/3
Exploring Stimulus Variability in Applicant Attractiveness

Previous research on physical attractiveness bias in job applicant evaluations has ignored three important issues. First, the sex-typing of the positions for which applicants are evaluated is usually weak despite the need to provide strongly male and female-typed positions in testing for beauty is beastly effects. Second, the samples of stimuli used in the manipulations of applicant sex, attractiveness, and sex-typing of the job are small. Third, the statistical analyses used in testing hypotheses fail to incorporate variability among both human participants and stimuli. The present research corrected for these three omissions in an experiment in which participants evaluated the suitability of applicants who were physically attractive or unattractive, male or female, and were applying for a male-typed or female-typed position. The experimental design was a within-person 2 (applicant sex) X 2 (applicant attractiveness) X 2 (sex-type of job) ANOVA. Each participant received a set of eight applicants with the photograph used in the manipulation of sex and attractiveness and the type of job randomly drawn from a pool of photographs and jobs. Consistent with the recommendations of Clark (1973), the hypotheses were tested using as subjects the human participants (F1 analyses), pictures (F2 analyses), positions (F2 analyses), and picture-position combinations (F2 analyses). Also, quasi-Fs were conducted to incorporate variability of both human participants and stimuli. All the analyses revealed an attractiveness bias in which the attractive candidates were evaluated more favorably than unattractive candidates. A job sex-type X applicant sex interaction revealed that males were evaluated more favorably for male-typed positions and females for female-typed positions. Also found were main effects for applicant sex and job-type, although these effects were subsumed by the job sex-type X applicant sex interaction. The analyses of the ratings of suitability were consistent with chi-square analyses of best- and worst-fit choices. The findings suggest that the bias against attractive applicants is robust across stimuli as well as human participants. No
Parents Reporting Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Young Children With Disabilities: Informing Systems Transformation

This study provides new insights regarding the associations and risk factors of nine specific adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and young children (0–5 years of age) with disabilities. Utilizing the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) dataset (N = 14,494), we conducted descriptive analysis and regressions with complex survey weighting procedure. The results suggested that one in three children (35.0%) with disabilities would have at least one ACE. The prevalence rates of experiencing the nine specific ACEs were much higher for children with disabilities. Importantly, the five most prevalent ACEs for children with disabilities were hard to cover basic food and housing (40.9%), parental divorce (24.3%), alcohol/drug problems (11.1%), parent or guardian incarceration (10.6%), and adult abuse (6.8%), which were all related to family challenges. We identified several key child/family risk factors (e.g., child age, marital status, adult health) that helped inform cross-system screening, referral, and collaboration opportunities. A discussion about policy implication and further research directions is provided.
The functional organization of the ventral visual pathway and its relationship to object recognition

Humans recognize objects at an astonishing speed and with remarkable ease. However, the functional organization of the system that enables this remarkable human ability is not well understood. Here we examine whether the human ventral stream is organized more around stimulus content or recognition task. We scanned subjects while they performed one of two tasks: object detection (objects versus textures) or subordinate identification (e.g. pigeons versus birds). In order to limit success at recognition, pictures were presented briefly and then masked. For each subject we searched for cortical regions where activity was correlated with correct answers, separately for each category and task. Analysis by task revealed that, for each category, regions correlated with correct detection and correct identification were similar. However, analysis by stimulus revealed that different patterns of activation across occipitotemporal areas were correlated with successful identification of different categories. Analysis of regions whose activity was correlated with face recognition revealed a higher signal for faces (compared to birds and guitars) only in trials in which faces were perceived, but not in trials in which faces were not detected. Overall, these results indicate that the functional organization of higher-order areas in the human ventral stream is organized more around stimulus content than recognition task. These results provide new insights into the representations underlying our ability visually to recognize objects.
The large APEX bolometer camera LABOCA

A new facility instrument, the Large APEX Bolometer Camera (LABOCA), developed by the Max-Planck-Institut f&diaeru;r Radioastronomie (MPIfR, Bonn, Germany), has been commissioned in May 2007 for operation on the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope (APEX), a 12 m submillimeter radio telescope located at 5100 m altitude on Llano de Chajnantor in northern Chile. For mapping, this 295-bolometer camera for the 870 micron atmospheric window operates in total power mode without wobbling the secondary mirror. One LABOCA beam is 19 arcsec FWHM and the field of view of the complete array covers 100 square arcmin. Combined with the high efficiency of APEX and the excellent atmospheric transmission at the site, LABOCA offers unprecedented capability in large scale mapping of submillimeter continuum emission. Details of design and operation are presented.
Unethical sales behavior neutralization: the impact of salesperson role variables and moderating effects of role relationship orientation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between salesperson role perceptions and use of neutralization techniques, given the relationship orientation of the salesperson. Direct relationships between salesperson role conflict, role ambiguity, role task self-efficacy and a salesperson’s propensity to use neutralizations to attribute their unethical selling behavior are tested. The moderating effects of role-relationship orientation on the aforementioned relationships are also explored Design/methodology/approach Survey data were collected from 163 (cross-industry, B2B/B2C non-retail) salespeople. Results were analyzed and seven hypotheses were tested using SmartPLS to estimate and evaluate a (partial least squares) structural model. Findings The study findings conclude that role ambiguity, role task self-efficacy and role relationship orientation directly impact a salesperson’s tendency to use neutralization techniques to justify unethical sales behavior. Role relationship orientation serves to moderate the relationship between role conflict and neutralization use. Research limitations/implications This research integrates attribution and role theories to isolate the conditions where salespeople are prone to use neutralization techniques to justify their unethical behavior. Salesperson role relationship orientation is explored to understand the moderating effects on the salesperson role–neutralization relationships. Practical implications Sales managers are provided guidance (e.g. training and coaching) to help salespeople navigate feelings of negative role perceptions (role conflict, role ambiguity, role self-efficacy) to minimize the impact on justification of unethical sales behaviors. Originality/value This research builds on the sales and ethics literatures by incorporating role and attribution theory to better understand how salespeople approach dealing with their own unethical behavior and the implications on maintaining relationships with their customers.
a morphological approach to interactive storytelling

Few attempts have yet been made to implement a story engine for guiding interactive drama. Most of them rely on the computer’s ability to generate the story in full detail. By focusing on story guidance at the level of morphological functions as defined by Russian formalist Vladimir Propp, we take a different approach. We do not attempt to provide a model for generating stories in detail. Instead, we expect human authors to create specific interactive scenarios for each function in advance. Our primary concerns are high-level guidance of plot, as well as finding the best compromise between author input and machine generation. By providing access to the story model itself, we allow authors to control the story at all levels of detail. Our first prototype features a wide variety of plots being generated from a limited number of scenes.
DPAgg: A Dynamic Partition Aggregation on Multicore Processor in Main-Memory Database

Multicore processor provides an opportunity of query performance enhancement in database by parallel processing. However, the increasing of cores and computing performance of multicore processor can't be utilized efficiently because of the bottleneck of memory access. It is known to all that aggregation is one of the most important operators in database. In this paper, we present a new dynamic partition aggregation algorithm. It's a group by value based partition algorithm like most the state-of-art parallel aggregation algorithms. First, the algorithm introduces dynamic partition strategy into aggregation in order to make it more adaptive to different characteristic data. Second, it sets the optimized cache level to L2 not last level cache. Third, the improvements that are proposed for Radix-Clustered hash join are also been modified and applied into aggregation in order to reduce overhead cost of partition operations. Our experiments show the superiority of our dynamic partition aggregation algorithm on multicore processor.
Vision localization system for mobile robot with velocities and acceleration estimator

The paper presents a localization system for a mobile robot using the vision system and LED markers and considers the problem of velocity and acceleration estimation in the case of planar motions. Theoretical considerations include the principle of measurement and the details of Kalman estimator with illustrations based on experimental setup. The presented measurement system can be used for a realization of advanced control algorithms for skid-steering mobile robots where significant slippage phenomenon appears.