Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Specific Activation of Dendritic Cells Enhances Clearance of Bacillus anthracis following Infection

Dendritic cells are potent activators of the immune system and have a key role in linking innate and adaptive immune responses. In the current study we have used ex vivo pulsed bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDC) in a novel adoptive transfer strategy to protect against challenge with Bacillus anthracis, in a murine model. Pre-pulsing murine BMDC with either recombinant Protective Antigen (PA) or CpG significantly upregulated expression of the activation markers CD40, CD80, CD86 and MHC-II. Passive transfusion of mice with pulsed BMDC, concurrently with active immunisation with rPA in alum, significantly enhanced (p<0.001) PA-specific splenocyte responses seven days post-immunisation. Parallel studies using ex vivo DCs expanded from human peripheral blood and activated under the same conditions as the murine DC, demonstrated that human DCs had a PA dose-related significant increase in the markers CD40, CD80 and CCR7 and that the increases in CD40 and CD80 were maintained when the other activating components, CpG and HK B. anthracis were added to the rPA in culture. Mice vaccinated on a single occasion intra-muscularly with rPA and alum and concurrently transfused intra-dermally with pulsed BMDC, demonstrated 100% survival following lethal B. anthracis challenge and had significantly enhanced (p<0.05) bacterial clearance within 2 days, compared with mice vaccinated with rPA and alum alone.
The study of autism as a distributed disorder.

Past autism research has often been dedicated to tracing the causes of the disorder to a localized neurological abnormality, a single functional network, or a single cognitive-behavioral domain. In this review, I argue that autism is a "distributed disorder" on various levels of study (genetic, neuroanatomical, neurofunctional, behavioral). "Localizing" models are therefore not promising. The large array of potential genetic risk factors suggests that multiple (or all) emerging functional brain networks are affected during early development. This is supported by widespread growth abnormalities throughout the brain. Interactions during development between affected functional networks and atypical experiential effects (associated with atypical behavior) in children with autism further complicate the neurological bases of the disorder, resulting in an "exponentially distributed" profile. Promising approaches to a better characterization of neural endophenotypes in autism are provided by techniques investigating white matter and connectivity, such as MR spectroscopy, diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI), and functional connectivity MRI. According to a recent hypothesis, the autistic brain is generally characterized by "underconnectivity. " However, not all findings are consistent with this view. The concepts and methodology of functional connectivity need to be refined and results need to be corroborated by anatomical studies (such as DTI tractography) before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
Cutting parameter optimization in milling operations by various solution methods

Parameter optimization in metal cutting processes plays a key role in satisfying quality requirements of machined parts at low cost. This paper addresses multi-pass face-milling operations. A variety of solution methods including integer programming, nonlinear programming, and genetic algorithms are applied for solving a mathematical model which is based on minimum unit production cost to seek optimal values of cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and the number of passes. Through a case study, it has been shown that our methods are effective and generate lower production cost compared with the methods from the literature.
Recurrence of a Refractory Chronic Subdural Hematoma after Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization That Required Craniotomy

Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization has been performed to treat refractory chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) with good reported outcomes. We have treated three cases of CSDH with MMA embolization to date, but there was a postoperative recurrence in one patient, which required a craniotomy for hematoma removal and capsulectomy. MMA embolization blocks the blood supply from the dura to the hematoma outer membrane in order to prevent recurrences of refractory CSDH. Histopathologic examination of the outer membrane of the hematoma excised during craniotomy showed foreign-body giant cells and neovascular proliferation associated with embolization. Because part of the hematoma was organized in this case, the CSDH did not resolve when the MMA was occluded, and the development of new collateral pathways in the hematoma outer membrane probably contributed to the recurrence. Therefore, in CSDH with some organized hematoma, MMA embolization may not be effective. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be performed in these patients before embolization.
Impact of multiuser diversity and channel variability on adaptive OFDM

A downlink radio interface for cellular packet data systems with wide area coverage and high spectral efficiency is evaluated. A slotted OFDM radio interface is used, in which time-frequency bins are allocated adaptively to different mobile users within a downlink beam, or sector, based on their channel quality. Frequency division duplex (FDD) is assumed, which requires channel prediction in the terminals and feedback of this information to a packet scheduler. The adaptive modulation scheme is optimized by a novel approach which maximizes the throughput, including also the ARQ part of the transmission. A theoretical evaluation of the resulting multiuser diversity under some idealized assumptions shows that the spectral efficiency increases significantly with the number of active users. The simulations indicate that the loss of performance due to channel variability within the bins for vehicular users in frequency-selective fading environments is rather small.
SURGERY FOR MOVEMENT DISORDERS

The two major problems with searching for any information on the internet on movement disorders (or indeed any other subject) are that of “data overload”, and finding good quality information that is pitched at the correct level. WEMOVE is quite simply the most outstanding website on all subjects related to movement disorders. It avoids both of the above issues with high quality information that is appropriate for both a medical and lay audience (http://www.wemove.org/). It includes …
MOTIVASI PESERTA SENAM AEROBIK DI ERISTY MANAGEMENT KOTA SEMARANG TAHUN 2013

Motivation to be studied by the researchers is the aspect of physiological needs , safety needs aspects , aspects of social needs , esteem needs aspects, and aspects of actualization needs. The approach used in this study uses a qualitative research approach which means it will explain a phenomenon that occurs in aerobics participants. Data collection methods used in this study is a questionnaire survey method, observation and documentation. Methods of data analysis using descriptive percentages. The results of the analysis of research data, the level of motivation of participants overall aerobic Eristy Management Semarang in 2013 are as follows : 1) the physiological aspect as much as 86 % or some 52 people with a very good category, 2) security aspect as much as 81 % or 49 people with the good category, 3) the social aspect as much as 76 % or 46 people with either category, 4) Aspects of the award as much as 76 % or 46 people with a good category, 5) Aspects of actualization as much as 76 % or 46 people with both categories . The conclusion is the motivation of participants in the aerobic exercise Eristy Management Semarang in 2013 is due to physiological needs, amounting to 86 % or 52 people. The aerobics participants have very high motivation to maintain a healthy body and fitness.
Subpopulations of GABAergic neurons containing parvalbumin, calbindin D28k, and cholecystokinin in the rat hippocampus

The possible coexistence of calbindin D28k with parvalbumin and of calbindin D28k with cholecystokinin was studied in nonpyramidal cells of the rat dorsal hippocampal formation. Neighbouring Vibratome sections were immunostained either for calbindin D28k and parvalbumin or for calbindin D28k and cholecystokinin. The cells, halved during sectioning, were identified in both sections immunostained for different antigens. The coexistence of calbindin D28k and parvalbumin in the same neuron was rare throughout the hippocampal formation with the exception of stratum oriens of the CA1 region, where 9.6% of the parvalbumin‐immunoreactive cells also contained calbindin D28k. In stratum radiatum of the CA3 region, calbindin D28k and cholecystokinin coexisted in 12.5% and 21.2% of the calbindin D28k and cholecystokinin‐immunoreactive cells, respectively. In other regions of the hippocampal formation, the two markers coexisted in less than 5% of the cells of either type. The present results demonstrate that calbindin D28k‐, parvalbumin‐ and cholecystokinin‐containing nonpyramidal cells represent largely nonoverlapping cell populations and may thus be involved in different inhibitory circuits.
Interdisciplinary Research Among U.S. Doctoral Graduates: An Examination of Definitions, Measurement, Early Career Outcomes, and Sex Differences

by Morgan M. Millar, Ph.D. Washington State University May 2011 Chair: Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson Interdisciplinary research has become quite popular in recent years, yet there are many unanswered questions about it. This dissertation aims to address some of these unanswered questions about interdisciplinary research, including what it is, how to measure it, who is doing it, and what effects it has on the careers of individuals who use it. The first analysis uses cognitive interview data to determine how doctoral candidates conceptualize interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research. Additionally, this analysis examines an item from the Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED) as a potential indicator of interdisciplinary dissertation research. The interview results suggest that this questionnaire item is a reasonable indicator of interdisciplinary research. Additionally, this analysis finds that interdisciplinary research is a complex topic, and individuals’ ideas about what it is vary widely. This diversity of ideas has consequences for measurement, as well as for the successful promotion of interdisciplinarity. The second analysis of this dissertation uses data from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR), a follow-up survey to the SED, to examine the effects of interdisciplinary dissertation research on a variety of early career outcomes among doctoral graduates in the sciences and social sciences. The results suggest that interdisciplinary doctoral graduates are more likely than noninterdisciplinary graduates to become employed in academia, as opposed to other employment arenas,
Association between tenofovir exposure and reduced kidney function in a cohort of HIV-positive patients: results from 10 years of follow-up.

BACKGROUND Some studies have shown that tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), a drug widely used in highly active antiretroviral therapy, is associated with kidney dysfunction, but the magnitude of the effect and its clinical impact is still being debated. Our objective was to evaluate the association between long-term TDF exposure and kidney dysfunction in a cohort of 1043 human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients followed up for 10 years and to quantify the loss in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients exposed to TDF in comparison with those exposed to other antiretroviral therapies. METHODS Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR) for the association between TDF and kidney dysfunction (defined as eGFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model and generalized estimating equations. Mean loss in eGFR attributable to TDF by cumulative years of exposure was estimated using linear regressions. RESULTS Tenofovir exposure increased the risk of kidney dysfunction by 63% (HR, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-2.10). The cumulative eGFR loss directly attributable to TDF after 1, 2, 3, and 4 years of TDF exposure was -3.05 (P = .017), -4.05 (P = .000), -2.42 (P = .023), and -3.09 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (P = .119), respectively, which shows that most of the loss occurred during the first years of exposure. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, TDF exposure was associated with reduced kidney function, but the loss in eGFR attributable to TDF is relatively mild in a long-term perspective.
Asymptotic exactness of parameter-dependent lyapunov functions: An error bound and exactness verification

This paper provides an approximate approach to a robust semidefinite programming problem with a functional variable and shows its asymptotic exactness. This problem covers a variety of control problems including a robust stability/performance analysis with a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function. In the proposed approach, an approximate semidefinite programming problem is constructed based on the division of the set of parameter values. This approach is asymptotically exact in the sense that, as the resolution of the division becomes higher, the optimal value of the constructed approximate problem converges to that of the original problem. Our convergence analysis is quantitative. In particular, this paper gives an a priori upper bound on the discrepancy between the optimal values of the two problems. Moreover, it discusses how to verify that an optimal solution of the approximate problem is actually optimal also for the original problem.
THE RHETORIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN ESSAYS MADE BY EFL UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

This study was aimed at analyzing the similarities and differences between English and Indonesian essays made by EFL undergraduate students. The problems rise from the transfer of first language (L1) cultural conventions to second language (L2) performance. Three rhetorical aspects: general patterns of thought (linear or non-linear), development of ideas, and coherence were compared and analyzed by using content analysis. The results of the analysis showed that EFL students devoted similar rhetoric features in writing English and Indonesian essays. The rhetoric similarity was shared in the use of linearity and non-linearity of ideas, the development of ideas in the whole essays as well as the coherence quality.
External and Internal Coaches’ Perspectives About Overcoming Barriers to Universal Interventions

School-wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) has been widely adopted in schools across the nation. One reason might be the availability of statewide training and implementation support infrastructures in many states across the country. However, even with the availability of support, some schools experience barriers typical to systems change activities. The research purpose of this study was to investigate how problems with staff and administrator buy-in of the universal intervention manifest and are resolved from the perspective of internal and external coaches. A second purpose of this study was to investigate the similarities and differences in how external and internal coaches view staff buy-in issues and the process for research. A total of 18 participants (9 external and 9 internal SWPBS coaches) participated in the study. Findings suggest commonalities across the types of (a) barriers participants encountered, (b) climate and systems influences, and (c) strategies used to resolve barriers. The findings also suggest the importance of staff having firsthand successes and the need for universal teams to “stick with” implementation over a period of several years before changes in staff resistance were evident.
Human-Specific SNP in Obesity Genes, Adrenergic Receptor Beta2 (ADRB2), Beta3 (ADRB3), and PPAR γ2 (PPARG), during Primate Evolution

Adrenergic-receptor beta2 (ADRB2) and beta3 (ADRB3) are obesity genes that play a key role in the regulation of energy balance by increasing lipolysis and thermogenesis. The Glu27 allele in ADRB2 and the Arg64 allele in ADRB3 are associated with abdominal obesity and early onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in many ethnic groups. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) is required for adipocyte differentiation. Pro12Ala mutation decreases PPARG activity and resistance to NIDDM. In humans, energy-expense alleles, Gln27 in ADRB2 and Trp64 in ADRB3, are at higher frequencies than Glu27 and Arg64, respectively, but Ala12 in PPARG is at lower frequency than Pro12. Adaptation of humans for lipolysis, thermogenesis, and reduction of fat accumulation could be considered by examining which alleles in these genes are dominant in non-human primates (NHP). All NHP (P. troglodytes, G. gorilla, P. pygmaeus, H. agilis and macaques) had energy-thrifty alleles, Gly16 and Glu27 in ADRB2, and Arg64 in ADRB3, but did not have energy-expense alleles, Arg16, Gln27 and Trp64 alleles. In PPARG gene, all NHP had large adipocyte accumulating type, the Pro12 allele. Conclusions These results indicate that a tendency to produce much more heat through the energy-expense alleles developed only in humans, who left tropical rainforests for savanna and developed new features in their heat-regulation systems, such as reduction of body hair and increased evaporation of water, and might have helped the protection of entrails from cold at night, especially in glacial periods.
Effect of black polyethylene shade covers on the evaporation rate of agricultural reservoirs

The potential use of shade covers to reduce evaporation from agricultural reservoirs motivated this study on the effect of black polyethylene shade on the evaporation rate from a small water body (Class-A pan) and of its driving variables. Evaporation was measured hourly in two pans during the summer in Cartagena (Spain), along with the measurements of air temperature and humidity, water temperature, solar radiation and wind speed. The first pan was uncovered whereas the second pan was covered with black polyethylene shade as either a single or double-layer. The main factors influencing reduced evaporation (mass transfer coefficient and surface-to-air vapour pressure deficit) were analyzed, focusing on the changes in the uncovered pan. In the shaded pan there was a decrease in daily evaporation of 75 and 83% for single and double-layer shade respectively. Condensation on the shade was considerable and was 14 and 21% of the daily evaporation losses for the single and double-layer shade respectively. It was concluded that (i) black polyethylene shade appears to be an efficient way to reduce evaporative loss from agricultural reservoirs, and (ii) an economic analysis of their implementation under the current scarce water supply, for agriculture, in southern Spain justified their use.
TERMINAL FLOWER2, an Arabidopsis Homolog of HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1, Counteracts the Activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T by CONSTANS in the Vascular Tissues of Leaves to Regulate Flowering Time Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.016

The flowering time of plants is tightly regulated by both promotive and repressive factors. Molecular genetic studies using Arabidopsis have identified several epigenetic repressors that regulate flowering time. TERMINAL FLOWER2 (TFL2), which encodes a homolog of HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1, represses FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) expression, which is induced by the activator CONSTANS (CO) in response to the long-day signal. Here, we show that TFL2, CO, and FT are expressed together in leaf vascular tissues and that TFL2 represses FT expression continuously throughout development. Mutations in TFL2 derepress FT expression within the vascular tissues of leaves, resulting in daylength-independent early flowering. TFL2 can reduce FT expression even when CO is overexpressed. However, FT expression reaches a level sufficient for floral induction even in the presence of TFL2, suggesting that TFL2 does not maintain FT in a silent state or inhibit it completely; rather, it counteracts the effect of CO on FT activation.
Characterization of ESBL- and AmpC-Producing and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Mouflons (Ovis orientalis musimon) in Austria and Germany

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of β-lactamase producing or fluoroquinolone-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae in European mouflons (Ovis orientalis musimon). The mouflon samples originated from nasal and perineal swabs and/or organ samples in cases of a suspected infection. Only one of the 32 mouflons was tested positive for the presence of Enterobacteriaceae that displayed either an ESBL/AmpC phenotype or were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The positively tested swab originated from a sample of the jejunal mucosa of a four-year old female mouflon. Two different colony morphotypes were identified as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. These isolates were phenotypically and genotypically characterized in detail by a polyphasic approach. Both isolates were multi-drug resistant. The E. coli isolate belonged to the phylogenetic group B1 and sequence type (ST) 744 and harboured the β-lactamase genes blaCTX-M-15 and blaOXA-1. The K. pneumoniae, identified as ST11, harboured the β-lactamase genes blaSHV-11, blaOXA-1, and blaDHA-1 as well as the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene qnrB55. The present study demonstrates that wild animals can acquire human-derived resistance determinants and such findings may indicate environmental pollution with resistance determinants from other sources.
To be or not to be? Pupils' explanations of the malleability of their academic competencies

Purpose: The present study set out to examine the grounds on which pupils explain their possibilities of improving their competencies in mathematics and Finnish. Sample: A total of 103 girls and boys of the third grade (age nine years) and the sixth grade (age 12 years), children of academically and vocationally educated parents, were interviewed. Design and method: The children were asked to rate their potential for improving their academic competencies on both intrapersonal and normative criteria and to give reasons for their ratings. The reasons given were content-analysed based on the data itself. Results: Effort was the most frequently cited explanation by far, and the ratings on intrapersonal criteria were explained with partly different factors and in more variable ways than those on normative criteria. Conclusions: The findings suggest that reference to effort is an explanation that helps the pupil to deal with the threat of a low academic self-concept determined on normative grounds and thus to retain a quantum of hope in regard to her/his prospects of personal development.
The M Segment of the 2009 New Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus Is Critical for Its High Transmission Efficiency in the Guinea Pig Model

ABSTRACT A remarkable feature of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus is its efficient transmissibility in humans compared to that of precursor strains from the triple-reassortant swine influenza virus lineage, which cause only sporadic infections in humans. The viral components essential for this phenotype have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to determine the viral factors critical for aerosol transmission of the 2009 pandemic virus. Single or multiple segment reassortments were made between the pandemic A/California/04/09 (H1N1) (Cal/09) virus and another H1N1 strain, A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) (PR8). These viruses were then tested in the guinea pig model to understand which segment of Cal/09 virus conferred transmissibility to the poorly transmissible PR8 virus. We confirmed our findings by generating recombinant A/swine/Texas/1998 (H3N2) (sw/Tx/98) virus, a representative triple-reassortant swine virus, containing segments of the Cal/09 virus. The data showed that the M segment of the Cal/09 virus promoted aerosol transmissibility to recombinant viruses with PR8 and sw/Tx/98 virus backgrounds, suggesting that the M segment is a critical factor supporting the transmission of the 2009 pandemic virus.