Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diketonylpyridinium Cations as a Support of New Ionic Liquid Crystals and Ion-Conductive Materials: Analysis of Counter-Ion Effects

Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) allow the combination of the high ionic conductivity of ionic liquids (ILs) with the supramolecular organization of liquid crystals (LCs). ILCs salts were obtained by the assembly of long-chained diketonylpyridinium cations of the type [HOOR(n)pyH]+ and BF4−, ReO4−, NO3−, CF3SO3−, CuCl42− counter-ions. We have studied the thermal behavior of five series of compounds by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and hot stage polarized light optical microscopy (POM). All materials show thermotropic mesomorphism as well as crystalline polymorphism. X-ray diffraction of the [HOOR(12)pyH][ReO4] crystal reveals a layered structure with alternating polar and apolar sublayers. The mesophases also exhibit a lamellar arrangement detected by variable temperature powder X-ray diffraction. The CuCl42− salts exhibit the best LC properties followed by the ReO4− ones due to low melting temperature and wide range of existence. The conductivity was probed for the mesophases in one species each from the ReO4−, and CuCl42− families, and for the solid phase in one of the non-mesomorphic Cl− salts. The highest ionic conductivity was found for the smectic mesophase of the ReO4− containing salt, whereas the solid phases of all salts were dominated by electronic contributions. The ionic conductivity may be favored by the mesophase lamellar structure.
Others’ environmental concern as a social determinant of green buying

Purpose – This paper aims to achieve a better understanding of the social dimension underlying green purchasing behavior by assessing the impact of environmental concern ascribed to relevant others. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted among 468 French interviewees. Using a scenario, respondents were asked to choose between two similar products: one is very fashionable but harmful to the environment and the other has comparable features with a lower negative impact on the environment. In parallel, respondents had to cite four relevant others and to make several attributions about them. Environmental concern was one of these attributions. Findings – Ascribed environmental concern increases the probability to choose the product with a low environmental impact over the more harmful alternative. This process is mediated by perceived social risk and self-incongruity associated with the environmentally unfriendly product. Research limitations/implications – Conclusions are drawn on the basis of .
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Dis Aquat Org Shedding of Renibacterium Salmoninarum by Infected Chinook Salmon Oncorh Ynch Us Tscha Wytscha

Laboratory studies of the transmission and pathogenesis of Renlbactenurn salmonmarum may descnbe more accurately what is occurring in the natural environment if test fish are infected by waterborne R salmoninarum shed from Infected flsh To quantify bacterial sheddlng by chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tschawytscha at 13°C in freshwater, groups of fish were injected mtrapentoneally wlth R salmoni-narum at either 1 3 X 106 colony formlng unlts (('FU) fish-' (high-dose injection group) or 1 5 X 103 CFU fish (low-dose ~nlection group) R salmoninarum Infection levels were measured in the exposed flsh by the enzyme-l~nked imrnunosor-bent assay (BKD-ELISA) At regular intervals for 30 d , the numbers of R salmoninarum shed by the injected fish were calculated on the basis of testlng water samples by the membrane f~ltration-fluorescent ant~body test (MF-FAT) and bac-teriological culture Mean BKD-ELISA optical dens~ties (ODs) for flsh in the low-dose injection group were not different from those of control fish (p > 0 05) and no R salmon~narum were detected in water samples taken up to 30 d after inlec-tion of fish in the low-dose group By 12 d after inlection a proportion of the flsh from the high-dose Infection group had high (BKD-ELISA OD 2 1000) to severe (BKD-ELISA OD 2 2 000) R salmonlnarurn infection levels, and bactena were detected In the water by both tests However, measurable levels of R salmonlnarum were not consistently detected in the water u n t ~ l a proportion of the fish maintained high to severe infection levels for an additional 8 d The concentrations of R salmoninarum in the water samples ranged from undetectable up to 994 cells ml-' on the b a s ~ s of the MF-FAT, and up to 1850 CFU m1 ' on the basis of bactenological culture The results suggest that chinook salmon infected with R salmonlnarum by inlection of approx~mately 1 X lob CFU fish-' can be used as the source of infection In cohabitat~on challenges beginning 20 d after ~nlection Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) of salmonids is a chronic, granulomatous infection caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Renibacterium salrnoninarum (Fryer & Sanders 1981). Because of the slow growth of 'Addressee for correspondence. the organism, infected fish may remain free of clinical signs until the final stages of the disease. R. salmoni-narum can be transmitted vertically (Evelyn et al. 1986), and horizontally from affected fish in freshwater (Mitchum & Sherman 1981, Bell et …
Literature and the Right in Postwar France. The Story of the "Hussards"

It has long been assumed that France was dominated by the political left wing and by Existentialism throughout the 1940s and 1950s. This is the first book to re-evaluate the impact of the vigorous and unrepentant right-wing cultural and literary movement during the postwar period.In this revealing study, the author concentrates on three neglected but significant writers who constitute the group known as the 'Hussards': Roger Nimier, Antoine Blondin and Jacques Laurent. He offers a detailed analysis of the work of the 'Hussards' and others on the fringe of this iconoclastic group who aggressively (and sometimes violently) opposed Existentialism while adopting a tradition from the 1920s full of nostalgia for lost values. Students and scholars will find that this book fills an important gap in French literary and cultural history of the postwar period.
MAKING ANIMALS ALCOHOLIC: SHIFTING LABORATORY MODELS OF ADDICTION

The use of animals as experimental organisms has been critical to the development of addiction research from the nineteenth century. They have been used as a means of generating reliable data regarding the processes of addiction that was not available from the study of human subjects. Their use, however, has been far from straightforward. Through focusing on the study of alcoholism, where the nonhuman animal proved a most reluctant collaborator, this paper will analyze the ways in which scientists attempted to deal with its determined sobriety and account for their consistent failure to replicate the volitional consumption of ethanol to the point of physical dependency. In doing so, we will see how the animal model not only served as a means of interrogating a complex pathology, but also came to embody competing definitions of alcoholism as a disease process, and alternative visions for the very structure and purpose of a research field.
Widely Targeted Metabolomics Based on Large-Scale MS/MS Data for Elucidating Metabolite Accumulation Patterns in Plants

Metabolomics is an ‘omics’ approach that aims to analyze all metabolites in a biological sample comprehensively. The detailed metabolite profiling of thousands of plant samples has great potential for directly elucidating plant metabolic processes. However, both a comprehensive analysis and a high throughput are difficult to achieve at the same time due to the wide diversity of metabolites in plants. Here, we have established a novel and practical metabolomics methodology for quantifying hundreds of targeted metabolites in a high-throughput manner. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (TQMS), which monitors both the specific precursor ions and product ions of each metabolite, is a standard technique in targeted metabolomics, as it enables high sensitivity, reproducibility and a broad dynamic range. In this study, we optimized the MRM conditions for specific compounds by performing automated flow injection analyses with TQMS. Based on a total of 61,920 spectra for 860 authentic compounds, the MRM conditions of 497 compounds were successfully optimized. These were applied to high-throughput automated analysis of biological samples using TQMS coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). By this analysis, approximately 100 metabolites were quantified in each of 14 plant accessions from Brassicaceae, Gramineae and Fabaceae. A hierarchical cluster analysis based on the metabolite accumulation patterns clearly showed differences among the plant families, and family-specific metabolites could be predicted using a batch-learning self-organizing map analysis. Thus, the automated widely targeted metabolomics approach established here should pave the way for large-scale metabolite profiling and comparative metabolomics.
B2C E-Commerce Acceptance: The Moderating Effect of Gender

The objective of this paper is to test the moderating effect of gender on e-purchasing behaviour. With this aim, we analyse a group of e-customers (males and females) with experience in online shopping through an extended Technology Acceptance Model. The results obtained show that there are significant differences derived from gender ecustomer. The attitude of males has a greater influence on their intention to purchase online. Females give more importance to the effect of ease of use on attitude. The most important perceptions, self-efficacy and perceived usefulness, are the same in the behaviour of any e-customer.
Abstract 16635: Exercise Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Identify Impaired Pulmonary Vascular and Right Ventricular Reserve in Patients With Normalized Resting Hemodynamics After Pulmonary Endarterectomy

Introduction: Although pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the most efficacious treatment for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), patients with normalized pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) after successful PEA do not always regain a normal exercise capacity. Methods: 26 healthy controls, 15 CTEPH patients and 7 patients with a normalized mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) post-PEA (25 mmHg) first underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing to determine peak VO2 and maximal power (Pmax). Then, cardiac MRI with simultaneous invasive mPAP measurement was performed during supine bicycle exercise at 25%, 50% and 66% of Pmax. Biventricular volumes were obtained from endocardial tracings using in-house developed software. Cardiac output (CO) was calculated as stroke volume x heart rate, ejection fraction (EF) as SV / EDV %, tPVR as mPAP / CO and PA compliance (CPA) as stroke volume / PA pulse pressure. Results: In post-PEA patients, resting tPVR was higher than in controls (P=0.01) but lower than in CTEPH patients (P<0.0001). The slope of mPAP/CO plots was steeper in post-PEA patients than in controls (P<0.0001) and similar to CTEPH (Figure 1A). Relative to controls, resting RVEF was reduced in CTEPH (P<0.0001), but not in post-PEA patients (P=1.0), whilst peak exercise RVEF was reduced both in post-PEA and CTEPH patients (both P<0.0001; Figure 1B). Resting CPA was higher in controls than post-PEA and CTEPH patients (P<0.0001) and correlated strongly with VO2max (R2=0.82, P<0.0001). Despite controls demonstrating the greatest reductions in CPA during exercise, values still remained higher than the resting values in CTEPH and post-PEA patients (p<0.01). Conclusion: Despite normal resting measures, pulmonary vascular and RV responses to exercise are abnormal in post-PEA patients. Although CPA decreases during exercise in healthy subjects, CPA is significantly lower in CTEPH and post PEA patients at rest and throughout exercise. [][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Bmc Medical Research Methodology Open Access Clinical Trial Participant Characteristics and Saliva and Dna Metrics

Background: Clinical trial and epidemiological studies need high quality biospecimens from a representative sample of participants to investigate genetic influences on treatment response and disease. Obtaining blood biospecimens presents logistical and financial challenges. As a result, saliva biospecimen collection is becoming more frequent because of the ease of collection and lower cost. This article describes an assessment of saliva biospecimen samples collected through the mail, trial participant demographic and behavioral characteristics, and their association with saliva and DNA quantity and quality.
Beyond Linguistic Equivalence. An Empirical Study of Translation Evaluation in a Translation Learner Corpus

The realisation that fully automatic translation in many settings is still far from producing output that is equal or superior to human translation has lead to an intense interest in translation evaluation in the MT community. However, research in this field, by now, has not only largely ignored the tremendous amount of relevant knowledge available in a closely related discipline, namely translation studies, but also failed to provide a deeper understanding of the nature of "translation errors" and "translation quality". This paper presents an empirical take on the latter concept, translation quality, by comparing human and automatic evaluations of learner translations in the KOPTE corpus. We will show that translation studies provide sophisticated concepts for translation quality estimation and error annotation. Moreover, by applying well-established MT evaluation scores, namely BLEU and Meteor, to KOPTE learner translations that were graded by a human expert, we hope to shed light on properties (and potential shortcomings) of these scores. 1 Translation quality assessment In recent years, researchers in the field of MT evaluation have proposed a large variety of methods for assessing the quality of automatically produced translations. Approaches range from fully automatic quality scoring to efforts aimed at the development of "human" evaluation scores that try to exploit the (often tacit) linguistic knowledge of human evaluators. The criteria according to which quality is estimated often include adequacy, the degree of meaning preservation, and fluency, target language correctness (Callison-Burch et al., 2007). The goals of both "human" evaluation and fully automatic quality scoring are manifold and cover system optimisation as well as benchmarking and comparison. In translation studies, the scientific (and prescientific) discussion on how to assess the quality of human translations has been going on for centuries. In recent years, the development of appropriate concepts and tools has become even more vital to the discipline due to the pressing needs of the language industry. However, different from the belief, typical to MT, that the "goodness" of a translation can be scored on the basis of linguistic criteria alone, the notion of "translation quality", in translation studies, has assumed a multi-faceted shape, distancing itself from a simple strive for equivalence and embracing concepts such as functional, stylistic and pragmatic appropriateness as well as textual coherence. In this section, we provide an overview over approaches to translation quality assessment developed in MT and translation studies to specify how "quality" is being defined in both fields and which methods and features are used. Due to the amount of available literature, this overview is necessarily incomplete, but still insightful with respect to differences and commonalities between MT and human translation evaluation.
Reduced-order modeling of index-1 vibrational systems using interpolatory projections

Large sparse second order index-1 descriptor systems arise in various disciplines of science and engineering, such as constraint mechanics or multibody dynamics, mechatronics (where mechanical and electrical elements are coupled), but also RLC circuit design. Simulation, controller design and design optimization are only some applications of such models. Either of these tasks, just like any other many-query situation becomes unfeasible when the system is high dimensional. This paper discusses an algorithm to obtain a reduced state space model of a large sparse second order index-1 system using an interpolatory projection method based on the iterative rational Krylov algorithm (IRKA). In each iteration of this algorithm, we need to solve a number of linear systems. The main contribution of this paper is to solve these linear systems by exploiting the sparsity of the original model, which reduces the computational cost drastically. The algorithm is applied to a micro-mechanical piezo-actuated structural FEM model of a certain building block of a machine tool. Numerical experiments with a complex 3d model of an adaptive spindle support (a piezo-mechanical multiphysics system) show the effectivity and efficiency of the techniques.
The Distribution of Wages in Poland, 1992-2002

This paper analyses the changes in the size distribution of wages in Poland over a decade of transition. Until about 1998 there were some forces tending to increase wage inequality and other forces contracting it. The result was a relatively constant level of inequality. Privatisation was the main force tending to increase wage inequality, partly because it generated major increases in the relative wages of professional and managerial workers. We demonstrate how private firms tend to pay less at the bottom end of the wage distribution and more at the top end. The main force contracting the variance of wages was the decline, between 1992 and 1998 in labour market participation of those with low levels of education. Wage inequality seems to have increased since 2000. Suggestively, whereas privatisation has continued, the decline in participation has halted.
A Pseudospectral Method with Edge Detection Free Postprocessing for 2 d Hyperbolic Heat Transfer ∗

Under the governing equations of Hyperbolic Heat Transfer thermal disturbances travel with a finite speed of propagation and are visible as sharp discontinuities in the solution profiles. Due to the well-known Gibbs phenomenon, the numerical solution of hyperbolic heat transfer problems by high order numerical methods such as pseudospectral methods will feature non-physical numerical oscillations. For pseudospectral methods, postprocessing methods have been developed to lessen or even eliminate the effects of the Gibbs phenomenon. The most powerful postprocessing methods require that the exact location of the discontinuities be known. Due to the reflection and interaction of thermal waves, the solutions of multi-dimensional hyperbolic heat transfer problems often have very complex features which make accurately locating discontinuities difficult or even impossible. The application of an edge detection free postprocessing method which is effective for this type of problem is discussed. ∗This work was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-0609747 †Department of Mathematics, Marshall University, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755. e-mail: sarra@marshall.edu
Sinkhorn Distances: Lightspeed Computation of Optimal Transport

Optimal transportation distances are a fundamental family of parameterized distances for histograms. Despite their appealing theoretical properties, excellent performance in retrieval tasks and intuitive formulation, their computation involves the resolution of a linear program whose cost is prohibitive whenever the histograms' dimension exceeds a few hundreds. We propose in this work a new family of optimal transportation distances that look at transportation problems from a maximum-entropy perspective. We smooth the classical optimal transportation problem with an entropic regularization term, and show that the resulting optimum is also a distance which can be computed through Sinkhorn-Knopp's matrix scaling algorithm at a speed that is several orders of magnitude faster than that of transportation solvers. We also report improved performance over classical optimal transportation distances on the MNIST benchmark problem.
Image and word on the street: a reflexive, phased approach to combining participatory visual methods and qualitative interviews to explore resilience with street connected young people in Guatemala City

ABSTRACT We present an argument for reflexively combining participatory visual methods with each other, alongside qualitative ethnographic interviewing, in exploring resilience with street-connected young people who attend two voluntary educational outreach projects in Guatemala City. We present primary research in the form of three case studies selected from a wider, mixed-methods study. The case studies adopt an approach that is rooted in phenomenology, incorporating participatory photography, participatory drawing, and image-elicited interviewing. We discuss the advantages of combining visual methods with qualitative interviewing in ways that respond to the developing phases of research and to the sensory and technological preferences of participants. We also outline the potential benefits of this approach for psychological research into resilience, place, and community, and for benefitting voluntary outreach organisations with whom we collaborated.
Sourcing for Supplier Effort and Competition Cuihong

As suppliers provide more value in today’s supply chains, eliciting supplier cost-reduction efforts and inducing supplier competition are two important levers for a buyer to reduce sourcing costs. In this paper, we study a buyer’s sourcing strategy considering supplier effort and competition. The buyer has two instruments in her strategy: the composition of the supply base and the contracting mechanism. In our model, two suppliers are available to be included in the supply base. The buyer invests in the suppliers’ capacity, facing uncertain market demand. The suppliers invest cost-reduction efforts, the realized production cost to be uncertain and private information. In the supply base design, the buyer determines the number of suppliers (one or two) in the supply base, and the capacity to be invested in each supplier. In the contracting mechanism design, the buyer chooses the time of price and capacity decisions, either before or after suppliers’ effort investment. We find that a supply base with symmetric capacity is effective at inducing supplier competition, while a supply base with asymmetric capacity is better at motivating supplier effort, when the capacity is invested before supplier effort. As a result, the buyer may invest in capacity for only one supplier (sole sourcing), equal capacities for both suppliers (symmetric dual sourcing), or positive but unequal capacities for both suppliers (asymmetric dual sourcing), even though the suppliers are ex ante identical. We characterize the conditions for each structure, and show that asymmetric dual sourcing should be considered only with uncertain demand. As the buyer’s investment influences supplier competition, we find that increasing demand uncertainty may cause the supply base structure to shift away from dual sourcing towards sole sourcing, while reducing the total capacity. Finally, we investigate the buyer’s joint decisions concerning the supply base and contracting mechanism. We find that, as supplier cost uncertainty or the cost of supplier effort increases, the buyer prefers greater supplier competition in the supply base and favors more decision delays in the contracting mechanism. In the result, sole sourcing combined with capacity and price commitments, and dual sourcing combined with ex post capacity and price decisions, often emerge as two optimal sourcing strategies.