Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plants adapted to warmer climate do not outperform regional plants during a natural heat wave

Abstract With ongoing climate change, many plant species may not be able to adapt rapidly enough, and some conservation experts are therefore considering to translocate warm‐adapted ecotypes to mitigate effects of climate warming. Although this strategy, called assisted migration, is intuitively plausible, most of the support comes from models, whereas experimental evidence is so far scarce. Here we present data on multiple ecotypes of six grassland species, which we grew in four common gardens in Germany during a natural heat wave, with temperatures 1.4–2.0°C higher than the long‐term means. In each garden we compared the performance of regional ecotypes with plants from a locality with long‐term summer temperatures similar to what the plants experienced during the summer heat wave. We found no difference in performance between regional and warm‐adapted plants in four of the six species. In two species, regional ecotypes even outperformed warm‐adapted plants, despite elevated temperatures, which suggests that translocating warm‐adapted ecotypes may not only lack the desired effect of increased performance but may even have negative consequences. Even if adaptation to climate plays a role, other factors involved in local adaptation, such as biotic interactions, may override it. Based on our results, we cannot advocate assisted migration as a universal tool to enhance the performance of local plant populations and communities during climate change.
On metric ramsey-type phenomena

This paper deals with Ramsey-type theorems for metric spaces. Such a theorem states that every n point metric space contains a large subspace which can be embedded with some fixed distortion in a metric space from some special class.Our main theorem states that for any ε>0, every n point metric space contains a subspace of size at least n1-ε which is embeddable in an ultrametric with O(log(1/ε)/ε distortion. This in particular provides a bound for embedding in Euclidean spaces. The bound on the distortion is tight up to the log(1/ε) factor even for embedding in arbitrary Euclidean spaces. This result can be viewed as a non-linear analog of Dvoretzky's theorem, a cornerstone of modern Banach space theory and convex geometry.Our main Ramsey-type theorem and techniques naturally extend to give theorems for classes of hierarchically well-separated trees which have algorithmic implications, and can be viewed as the solution of a natural clustering problem.We further include a comprehensive study of various other aspects of the metric Ramsey problem.
Intracranial Neurophysiological Correlates Related to the Processing of Faces

Face perception and recognition is an intriguing ability, already present in neonates. Numerous studies in patients with brain lesions identified the temporo-occipital cortex as the crucial structure for this capacity. Analysis of electrical signals (EEG) inside the brain of patients implanted with intracranial electrodes for diagnostic purposes allows researchers to describe the temporal and spatial organization of responses to various aspects of face processing in human subjects. Several findings have emerged and appear relevant for cerebral organization in general: (1) Selective face responses were obtained from the basal temporo-occipital cortex at around 200 ms (N200); however, other structures such as the lateral temporal lobe and frontal cortex also participate in face recognition and perception tasks. (2) Each structure has a distinct "response profile"; that is, with respect to a given task certain structures respond strongly, others less or not at all. This profile might change with a different task, although the physical parameters of the stimuli remain the same. (3) The right hemispheric predominance of face processing, as suggested by patient data and studies in healthy volunteers, seemed to be restricted to its early stages (i.e., before 100-150 ms). (4) Recognition of faces might be associated with differential intracranial responses, despite an incorrect overt response, reflecting neurophysiological correlates of implicit memory. (5) The more the stimulus resembled a complete human face, the earlier and larger the N200 response was found, in particular over the basal temporobasal cortex. Analysis of electrical signals from intracranial electrodes might help to improve our understanding of the underlying physiological and anatomical constraints of cognitive processes.
Experimental studies on the dorsal nerve of the penis of the rat.

Dorsal nerves of the rat penis were studied in osmium tetroxide-treated sections for number and diameter distribution of myelinated fibers. The mean count in four nerves was 1423 fibers. The percentage distribution of diameters was unimodal with the peak at 5-6 μ. Counts taken at different levels of the nerve showed a proximo-distal decrease in the number of fibers but no difference in the percentage a distribution of fiber diameters. The compound action potential of the dorsal nerve exhibited potential waves with conduction velocities between 62 and 10 meters/second, which correlates well with the histological data. Counts of myelinated fibers in the dorsal nerve of four animals 14, 26, 38 and 70 days after section of the ipsilateral pudendal nerve revealed complete degeneration at 14 days, progressive regeneration at 26 and 38 days, and complete recovery at 70 days. The percentage distribution of diameters in the nerves at different stages of regeneration was essentially the same. The rate of regeneration expressed as percentage of the total number of fibers from day 14 to day 36 was approximately 1.2% day and from day 36 to day 70 approximately 2.2% /day.
Respiratory resistance by end-inspiratory occlusion and forced oscillations in intubated patients.

Measurement of respiratory impedance by the forced oscillation technique (FOT) in intubated patients requires corrections for the flow-dependent resistance, inertance, and air compression inside the endotracheal tube (ETT). Recently, we published a method to correct respiratory impedance for the mechanical contribution of the ETT. To validate this correction, we compared the respiratory resistance obtained with this method (Rfo) to the intrinsic (Rmin) and total resistances (RT) measured by the airway-occlusion technique (OCT) in 16 intubated sedated paralyzed ventilated patients. The FOT was applied at functional residual capacity in the 4- to 32-Hz frequency range, whereas the OCT was performed at the end of a normal constant-flow inspiration. Rmin corrected with Rfo measured at 16 and 32 Hz [Rfo(16) = 1.10 x Rmin + 0.10 cmH2O.s. l-1, r = 0.96, P < 0.001; Rfo(32) = 0.93 x Rmin + 0.72 cmH2O.s. l-1, r = 0.97, P < 0.001]. RT corrected with Rfo at 4 Hz [Rfo(4) = 1.11 x RT - 1.48 cmH2O.s. l-1; = 0.92; P < 0.001]. We conclude that the FOT improved by correction for the behavior of the ETT is in good agreement with the OCT in intubated patients.
Regulatory circuit based on autogenous activation-repression: roles of C-boxes and spacer sequences in control of the PvuII restriction-modification system

Type II restriction-modification (R-M) systems comprise a restriction endonuclease (REase) and a protective methyltransferase (MTase). After R-M genes enter a new cell, MTase must appear before REase or the chromosome will be cleaved. PvuII and some other R-M systems achieve this delay by cotranscribing the REase gene with the gene for an autogenous transcription activator (the controlling or ‘C’ protein C.PvuII). This study reveals, through in vivo titration, that C.PvuII is not only an activator but also a repressor for its own gene. In other systems, this type of circuit can result in oscillatory behavior. Despite the use of identical, symmetrical C protein-binding sequences (C-boxes) in the left and right operators, C.PvuII showed higher in vitro affinity for OL than for OR, implicating the spacer sequences in this difference. Mutational analysis associated the repression with OR, which overlaps the promoter −35 hexamer but is otherwise dispensable for activation. A nonrepressing mutant exhibited poor establishment in new cells. Comparing promoter-operator regions from PvuII and 29 R-M systems controlled by C proteins revealed that the most-highly conserved sequence is the tetranucleotide spacer separating OL from OR. Any changes in that spacer reduced the stability of C.PvuII-operator complexes and abolished activation.
Constituents of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) as Potential Candidates for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders and Schizophrenia

Anxiety disorders and schizophrenia are common public health issues. The dried stigma of the plant Crocus sativus L. , (C. sativus) commonly known as saffron are used in folk medicine for various purposes. Several lines of evidence suggest that C. sativus, crocins and safranal are implicated in anxiety and schizophrenia. Here, I intend to critically review advances in research of these emerging molecules for the treatment of anxiety and schizophrenia, discuss their advantages over currently used anxiolytics and neuroleptics, as well remaining challenges. Current analysis shows that C. sativus and its components might be a promising class of compounds for the treatment of the above mentioned psychiatric diseases.
WordRev: Finding word-level structures in a sea of bit-level gates

Systems are increasingly being constructed from off-the-shelf components acquired through a globally distributed and untrusted supply chain. Often only post-synthesis gate-level netlists or actual silicons are available for security inspection. This makes reasoning about hardware trojans particularly challenging given the enormous scale of the problem. Currently, there is no mature methodology that can provide visibility into a bit-level design in terms of high-level components to allow more comprehensive analysis. In this paper, we present a systemic way of automatically deriving word-level structures from the gate-level netlist of a digital circuit. Our framework also provides the possibility for a user to specify sequences of word-level operations and it can extract the collection of gates corresponding to those operations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a system-on-a-chip (SoC) design consisting of approximately 400,000 IBM 12SOI cells and several open-source designs.
A task-driven algorithm for configuration synthesis of modular robots

This paper presents a time-efficient, task-based configuration synthesis algorithm for modular robot manipulators. One of the main challenges in modular manipulators is to find possible combinations of modules that are able to complete given tasks while avoiding obstacles in the environment. Most studies on modular robots focus on obtaining combinations of modules to achieve a given task without considering the required path planning in an environment with obstacles. In contrast to previous works, we present a configuration synthesis method for modular manipulators, considering collision detection and path planning in task space. Our simulations show that our approach finds possible combinations with reduced computational time compared to previous techniques.
Study of the Molecular Dynamics of Multiarm Star Polymers with a Poly(ethyleneimine) Core and Poly(lactide) Multiarms

Multiarm star polymers, denoted PEIx-PLAy and containing a hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) core of different molecular weights x and poly(lactide) (PLA) arms with y ratio of lactide repeat units to N links were used in this work. Samples were preconditioned to remove the moisture content and then characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). The glass transition temperature, Tg, is between 48 and 50 °C for all the PEIx-PLAy samples. The dielectric curves show four dipolar relaxations: γ, β, α, and α′ in order of increasing temperature. The temperatures at which these relaxations appear, together with their dependence on the frequency, allows relaxation maps to be drawn, from which the activation energies of the sub-Tg γ- and β-relaxations and the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann parameters of the α-relaxation glass transition are obtained. The dependence of the characteristic features of these relaxations on the molecular weight of the PEI core and on the ratio of lactide repeat units to N links permits the assignation of molecular motions to each relaxation. The γ-relaxation is associated with local motions of the –OH groups of the poly(lactide) chains, the β-relaxation with motions of the main chain of poly(lactide), the α-relaxation with global motions of the complete assembly of PEI core and PLA arms, and the α′-relaxation is related to the normal mode relaxation due to fluctuations of the end-to-end vector in the PLA arms, without excluding the possibility that it could be a Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars type ionic peak because the material may have nano-regions of different conductivity.
On the Dangers of Averaging Across Subjects When Using Multidimensional Scaling or the Similarity-Choice Model

When ratings of judged similarity or frequencies of stimulus identification are averaged across subjects, the psychological structure of the data is fundamentally changed. Regardless of the structure of the individual-subject data, the averaged similarity data will likely be well fit by a standard multidimensional scaling model, and the averaged identification data will likely be well fit by the similarity-choice model. In fact, both models often provide excellent fits to averaged data, even if they fail to fit the data of each individual subject. Thus, a good fit of either model to averaged data cannot be taken as evidence that the model describes the psychological structure that characterizes individual subjects. We hypothesize that these effects are due to the increased symmetry that is a mathematical consequence of the averaging operation.
Production and perception of incredulity in yes-no question intonation in Taiwan Mandarin

This study intends to investigate the effect of incredulity on yes-no question intonation in Taiwan Mandarin. Mandarin yes-no question is formed by adding the sentence-final particle -ma , and it usually sounds incredulous when -ma is absent. To examine how incredulity interacts with -ma , three question conditions were designed, including neutral question with - ma , incredulous question with -ma , and incredulous question without -ma . For the production experiment, an elicitation task was conducted, and pitch realizations were measured. In the perception experiment, listeners performed a forced-choice judgment task on incredulity. Results showed that incredulity was closely associated with pitch height, and there exhibited a gradient relationship. In addition, the question particle - ma also exerted an effect on the production and perception of incredulity.
Principal Stratification -- Uses and Limitations

Pearl (2011) asked for the causal inference community to clarify the role of the principal stratification framework in the analysis of causal effects. Here, I argue that the notion of principal stratification has shed light on problems of non-compliance, censoring-by-death, and the analysis of post-infection outcomes; that it may be of use in considering problems of surrogacy but further development is needed; that it is of some use in assessing “direct effects”; but that it is not the appropriate tool for assessing “mediation. ” There is nothing within the principal stratification framework that corresponds to a measure of an “indirect” or “mediated” effect.
Fabrication and Temperature Characteristics of Thermal Regenerated Fiber Bragg Grating

Exposure to high temperature environments can result in the decay of fiber Bragg grating (FBG). In this paper, thermal regenerated fiber Bragg grating has been fabricated through conventional hydrogen loading FBG. The highest sustainable temperature of the grating is more than 800°C. The results of calibration experiments show that in the range of -60°C to 700°C the variation of Bragg wavelength fits quadratic function well. Fitting precision can reach as large as 0.9997 and maximal repeatability error of temperature is less than 1°C.
Effect of Brand Associations on Consumer Reactions to Unknown On-Line Brands

The temporal and spatial separation between on-line retail brands and their customers means that on-line transactions are characterized by uncertainty, anonymity, and lack of control. The resulting high perception of risk and fear of opportunism make trust a crucial element of electronic commerce. New on-line brands have a substantial barrier to the initiation of transactions by consumers because they are relatively unknown in comparison to their established and known counterparts. This study focuses on how new on-line brands can persuade consumers to engage in on-line transactions. Drawing on the branding and social psychology literature, an experiment was designed to ascertain how association with well-known brands increases customers' trust of an unknown on-line brand, along with other desirable behaviors, such as bookmarking, intention to purchase, and willingness to provide personal information. The results obtained from a sample of 265 subjects faced with the decision of buying a travel package from an unknown online travel agency show that association and similarity with a known brand are factors that promote customers' trust and behavioral intentions. The implications for theory and managerial activities are discussed.
Acute kidney injury in hospitalized children with proteinuria: A multicenter retrospective analysis

Background and objective Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in hospitalized pediatric patients. Previous studies focused on adults found that proteinuria detected during an admission urinalysis is fit to serve as an indicator for AKI and associated clinical outcomes. The objective of this study is to evaluate if proteinuria on the first day of hospital services in hospitalized children is associated with AKI, need for renal replacement therapy, shock and/or antibiotic use, critical care services, and all-cause mortality at 30 days, hypothesizing that it is associated with these outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX electronic health record data of patients 2 to 18 years of age who underwent urinalysis laboratory testing on hospital admission, had three subsequent days of hospital or critical care services billing codes and creatinine laboratory values, and no pre-existing renal-related complex chronic condition. This study evaluated for the frequency, odds, and severity of AKI as defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes modified criteria and assessed for associated clinical outcomes. Results This study included 971 pediatric subjects [435 (44.7%) with proteinuria]. Proteinuria on the first day of hospital services was associated with an increased odds for higher severity AKI on any day of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] 2.41, CI 1.8–3.23, p<0.001), need for renal replacement therapy (OR 4.58, CI 1.69–12.4, p = 0.001), shock and/or antibiotic use (OR 1.34, CI 1.03–1.75, p = 0.033), and all-cause mortality at 30 days post-admission (OR 10.0, CI 1.25–80.5, p = 0.013). Conclusion Children with proteinuria on the first day of hospital care services may have an increased odds of higher severity AKI, need for renal replacement therapy, shock and/or antibiotic use, and all-cause mortality at 30 days post-admission, with no significant association found for critical care services, mechanical intubation, or inotrope or vasopressor use.
Development of opioid analgesic tolerance in rat to extended-release buprenorphine formulated for laboratory subjects

Buprenorphine in an extended-release formulation intended for use in laboratory subjects is frequently administered to rats to provide extended analgesia without repeated handling. While levels of buprenorphine may persist in serum once extended-release buprenorphine has been introduced, exposure to opioids can cause opioid tolerance or opioid-induced hypersensitivity. This work examined the analgesic duration and efficacy of a single administration of extended-release buprenorphine intended for use in laboratory subjects in models of inflammatory pain and post-operative pain and the development of opioid tolerance in rat. After subcutaneous administration of 1 mg/kg extended-release buprenorphine, analgesic efficacy did not persist for the expected 72 hours. No changes were observed in mechanical thresholds in the hindpaws that were contralateral to the injury, suggesting a lack of centrally mediated opioid-induced hypersensitivity. To determine whether opioid tolerance arose acutely after one exposure to extended-release buprenorphine, we conducted the warm water tail flick assay; on Day 1 we administered either saline or extended-release buprenorphine (1 mg/kg) and on Day 3 we quantified the standard buprenorphine dose-response curve (0.1–3 mg/kg). Rats previously given extended-release buprenorphine displayed decreased analgesic responses after administration of standard buprenorphine as compared to the robust efficacy of standard buprenorphine in control subjects. Males appeared to show evidence of acute opioid tolerance, while females previously exposed to opioid did not demonstrate a decreased response at the doses examined. Taken together, these results suggest that opioid tolerance arises quickly in male rats after exposure to the extended-release formulation of buprenorphine. This tolerance may account for the brief period of antinociception observed.
Novel Markers of Xylogenesis in Zinnia Are Differentially Regulated by Auxin and Cytokinin1[W]

The characterization of in vitro xylogenic cultures of zinnia (Zinnia elegans) has led to major discoveries in the understanding of xylem formation in plants. We have constructed and characterized a subtractive library from zinnia cultures enriched in genes that are specifically expressed at the onset of secondary wall deposition and tracheary element (TE) programmed cell death. This Late Xylogenesis Library (LXL) consisted of 236 nonredundant cDNAs, 77% of which encoded novel sequences in comparison with the 17,622 expressed sequence tag sequences publicly available. cDNA arrays were constructed to examine dynamic global gene expression during the course of TE formation. As a first step in dissecting auxin and cytokinin signaling during TE differentiation, macroarrays were probed with cDNAs from cells cultured in different hormonal conditions. Fifty-one percent of the LXL genes were induced by either auxin or cytokinin individually, the large majority by auxin. To determine the potential involvement of these categories of genes in TE differentiation, multiplex in situ-reverse transcription-PCR was performed on cells for two genes encoding putative cell wall proteins: Gibberellin stimulated transcript-1, induced by auxin alone, and expansin 5, induced by cytokinin alone. All transcriptionally active TEs expressed both genes, indicating that, although these genes may not be considered as specific markers for TE differentiation per se, they are nevertheless an integral part of TE differentiation program. Among the non-TE population, four different gene expression-based cell types could be distinguished. Together, these results demonstrate the underlying complexity of hormonal perception and the existence of several different cell types in in vitro TE cell cultures.