Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep brain stimulation in DYT1 dystonia: a 10-year experience.

BACKGROUND Globus Pallidus Interna (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for DYT1-associated dystonia, but long-term results are lacking. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term effects of GPi DBS in patients with DYT1 dystonia. METHODS A retrospective chart review (cohort study) of 47 consecutive DYT1+ patients treated by a single surgical team over a 10-year period and followed for up to 96 months (mean, 46 months) was performed. Symptom severity was quantified with the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) motor (M) and disability (D) sub-scores. RESULTS As measured with the BFMDRS (M), symptom severity was reduced to less than 20% of baseline after 2 years of DBS therapy (P = .001). The disability scores were reduced to <30% of baseline (P = .001). Symptomatic improvement was durable throughout available follow-up. Sixty-one percent of patients had discontinued all dystonia-related medications at their last follow-up. Ninety-one percent had discontinued at least 1 class of medication. Infections requiring removal and later reimplantation of hardware occurred in 4 of 47 patients (8.5%). Hardware malfunction including lead fractures occurred in 4 of 47 cases (8.5%). Lead revision to address poor clinical response was performed in 2 of 92 implanted leads (2.2%). CONCLUSION GPi DBS is an effective therapy for DYT1-associated torsion dystonia. Statistically significant efficacy is maintained for up to 7 years. Neurologic complications are rare, but long-term hardware-related complications can be significant.
Adrenergic Polymorphism and the Human Stress Response

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis. Does common genetic variation at human TH alter autonomic activity and predispose to cardiovascular disease? We undertook systematic polymorphism discovery at the TH locus, and then tested variants for contributions to sympathetic function and blood pressure. We resequenced 80 ethnically diverse individuals across the TH locus. One hundred seventy‐two twin pairs were evaluated for sympathetic traits, including catecholamine production and environmental (cold) stress responses. To evaluate hypertension, we genotyped subjects selected from the most extreme diastolic blood pressure percentiles in the population. Human TH promoter haplotype/reporter plasmids were transfected into chromaffin cells. Forty‐nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one tetranucleotide repeat were discovered, but coding region polymorphism did not account for common phenotypic variation. A block of linkage disequilibrium spanned four common variants in the proximal promoter. Catecholamine secretory traits were significantly heritable, as were stress‐induced blood pressure changes. In the TH promoter, significant associations were found for urinary catecholamine excretion, as well as blood pressure response to stress. TH promoter haplotype #2 (TGGG) showed pleiotropy, increasing both norepinephrine excretion and blood pressure during stress. In hypertension, a case–control study (1266 subjects, 53% women) established the effect of C‐824T in determination of blood pressure. We conclude that human catecholamine secretory traits are heritable, displaying joint genetic determination (pleiotropy) with autonomic activity and finally with blood pressure in the population. Catecholamine secretion is influenced by genetic variation in the adrenergic pathway encoding catecholamine synthesis, especially at the classically rate‐limiting step, TH. The results suggest novel pathophysiological links between a key adrenergic locus, catecholamine metabolism, and blood pressure, and suggest new strategies to approach the mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of systemic hypertension.
A Sensor Fusion Method Based on an Integrated Neural Network and Kalman Filter for Vehicle Roll Angle Estimation

This article presents a novel estimator based on sensor fusion, which combines the Neural Network (NN) with a Kalman filter in order to estimate the vehicle roll angle. The NN estimates a “pseudo-roll angle” through variables that are easily measured from Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors. An IMU is a device that is commonly used for vehicle motion detection, and its cost has decreased during recent years. The pseudo-roll angle is introduced in the Kalman filter in order to filter noise and minimize the variance of the norm and maximum errors’ estimation. The NN has been trained for J-turn maneuvers, double lane change maneuvers and lane change maneuvers at different speeds and road friction coefficients. The proposed method takes into account the vehicle non-linearities, thus yielding good roll angle estimation. Finally, the proposed estimator has been compared with one that uses the suspension deflections to obtain the pseudo-roll angle. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed NN and Kalman filter-based estimator.
The Public’s Compass

Since most Americans are politically unsophisticated, but political attitudes are reasonably predictable, what is it that guides political behavior? This study suggests it is moral judgment. The article first lays down the mechanisms explaining the role of morality in attitude strength, extremity of attitude, tendency to issue voting, and participation, and then examines the extent these are accounted for by moral convictions. Sentimental and reasoned moral convictions are strong political cues, available to both ideological sides, and independent of political sophistication. Since political attitudes may be based on moral judgments that occur very quickly, via emotional and intuitive responses, coherent public opinion does not require unusual levels of political competence and motivation.
Mobile advertising adoption by multinationals: Senior executives' initial responses

Purpose – Although the wireless internet attracts more and more interest from marketers and researchers, there is little empirical evidence of multinational corporations’ (MNCs) adoption of push‐type mobile advertising in global markets. The aim of this study is to fill this research gap, by conducting an empirical survey of the perceptions of MNCs operating in Europe regarding SMS‐based mobile advertising adoption.Design/methodology/approach – The study proposes six basic constructs which are thought to influence MNCs’ decision‐making process on mobile advertising adoption. On this base, a structured questionnaire is developed. The data are obtained by telephone interviews from 53 senior executives of MNCs’ subsidiaries in Spain.Findings – Hierarchical regression analysis reveals that branding strategy, facilitating conditions, and security and costs are the strongest determinants of MNCs’ mobile advertising adoption. Furthermore, discriminant analysis indicates that Japanese, American, and European firm.
Investment and Capital Market Imperfections: An International Comparison

Is investment cash-flow sensitivity affected by a country’s capital market imperfection? We take 42 countries as our sample and collect six imperfect capital market measures (ICAM), ie. , the stock market capitalization ratio, number of publicly-listed firm, stock turnover ratio, bank loan ratio, long-term debt ratio and the interest spread. Using a two-step approach, negative relationships between the sensitivity and the six imperfect capital market measures are found, but are significant only when the number of publicly-listed firms, the bank loan ratio, and the turnover ratio are used as the imperfect capital market measure. We also find that the bad “legal environment indicators (macro governance)” increases cash-flow sensitivity. The fast real GDP growth, however, has no effect on the cash-flow sensitivities. Hence, an increase in capital market depth and better macro governance will reduce the cash-flow sensitivity. keywords: cash flow sensitivity, capital market imperfection, financial constraints, macro governance JEL: G20, G31, O12, O16
Personality and Endocrine Activation in Military Stress Situations

The objective of this study was to identify personality traits that predict coping in stressful military settings and to examine if personality clusters found in U.S. pilot populations could be replicated in Norwegian Army (n = 35) and Air Force (n = 44) cadets. All participants completed the Personality Characteristic Inventory (PCI), and stable personality profiles corresponding to those found in U.S. pilot populations were identified. The Air Force cadets performed two stressful exercises, and serum levels of cortisol and testosterone were measured before and after the exercises. Afterwards, the cadets evaluated their own physical performance. Thirty-eight of the 44 Air Force cadets could be classified into the PCI personality clusters that related differentially to the physiological stress response. Cadets characterized by strong instrumental and expressive traits (the “right stuff”) had lower cortisol values and larger testosterone–cortisol ratios than others, which is interpreted as indicative of su.
Play and its Pedagogical Potential in a Preschool Institution

U odgoju i obrazovanju djeteta rane dobi igra ima neprocjenjivu ulogu. Ona predstavlja «zonu sljedeceg razvoja» djeteta i moguci prijelaz u visu fazu njegova kognitivnog i socijalnog razvoja pa je u ustanovi ranog odgoja valja shvacati kao integralni dio odgojno-obrazovnog procesa. To implicira osiguranje adekvatnih uvjeta za igru i razvoj iskustava igranja, sto ukljucuje kreiranje sigurnog mjesta i pozitivog ozracja za igru, ponudu «otvorenih» materijala primjerenih razlicitim razvojnim razinama djece, uvažavanje i osnaživanje individualnih znacajki i specificnih mogucnosti djece, osiguravanje dovoljno neprekinutog vremena, iskazivanje iskrenog interesa za aktivnosti i postignuca djece, osnaživanje suradnje među djecom, osiguravanje dovoljno vremena za samoorganizaciju aktivnosti i osiguravanja vremena za pažljivo slusanje i promatranje djece u igri. Vrste igara, njihovu složenost i odgojno-obrazovnu vrijednost moguce je razmatrati iz razlicitih perspektiva, tj. sagledavati u okviru razlicitih teorijskih pristupa. U ovom radu igra ce se razmatrati iz dvije okvirne perspetive, spoznajne i socijalne. Raspravljat ce se o preduvjetima u ustanovi ranog odgoja potrebnim za njezino nesmetano odvijanje i njezin pedagoski potencijal.
Pacific trench motions controlled by the asymmetric plate configuration

We present a novel explanation for absolute trench‐normal motions of slabs surrounding the Pacific. Rapid subduction‐zone retreat on the eastern side of the Pacific and slow advance in the west can result from the large‐scale asymmetric plate configuration. We use simple fluid dynamics to explain the mechanical background of this hypothesis, and we use the results of a simple finite difference scheme to estimate the effect on trench motion velocities. The hypothesis is based on two key assumptions. First, we follow the concept of plate‐scale horizontal counterflow in the asthenosphere driven by accretion of asthenosphere into lithosphere and by plate motion. Second, we assume that horizontally wide slabs without large slab windows drift passively in the mantle flow field and do not retreat as a result of flow around the slab. If the asthenosphere transfers flow‐related horizontal shear stress into deeper levels of the mantle, an asymmetry in the plate configuration leads to different net pressure forces on the two slabs and thus affects the retreat behavior. In an ocean with an asymmetric ridge position, the slab of the smaller plate should retreat faster than the slab of the large plate, which may even advance. Also, the domain of a slower moving plate should collapse faster than the domain of the faster plate. Our model explains the counterintuitive negative correlation between slab age and retreat velocity observed in the Pacific. It also accords with the topographic asymmetry of the ridge flanks along the Pacific rise.
Nomophobia: an emerging issue in medical institutions?

Abstract Background: Nomophobia is No Mobile Phone Phobia – the fear of being without a mobile device or beyond mobile phone contact. The time and money wastage by medical students is a negative aspect of mobile phone dependence. This time can be utilized for academic and recreational activities. Aim: To assess the prevalence of Nomophobia in the students in 1st year MBBS. Methods: Study area: A medical college in Pune city. Study period: December 2015 to February 2016. A cross-sectional study was carried out on all the students of 1st year MBBS. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed statistically by simple proportions using SPSS v20. Results: A total of 145 students were monitored according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Amongst all the participants, 45.5% were males (66/145) and 54.5% were females (79/145). Mild Nomophobia was found in 17.9% students whereas 60% had moderate and 22.1% had severe Nomophobia. Amongst the males, 56.06% and 24.24% had moderate and severe Nomophobia, respectively while in females, moderate and severe Nomophobia was found to be 63.25% and 20.25%, respectively. Conclusion: Nomophobia is found to be prevalent in students of 1st year MBBS.
A Search for High Energy Neutrinos from Active Galactic Nuclei

We report the results of a search for neutrino-induced particle cascades using a deep ocean water Čerenkov detector. Previous results using this instrument have demonstrated its effectiveness for tracking cosmic-ray muons in depths up to 4.2 km. Here we analyze the same data to search for the possible signature of ultra-high energy neutrinos. Potentially detectable fluxes of such neutrinos are predicted to come from active galactic nuclei according to some models. The effective mass of the detector, a string of seven 40 cm photomultipliers at 5.2 m spacing, is found through simulation analysis to be surprisingly large: greater than 10 tons of water at incident neutrino energies of 10 GeV . We find no evidence for neutrino-induced cascades in ∼ 20 hrs of operation. Although the limit implied by this observation is the strongest yet for predictions of active galatic nuclei (AGN) neutrinos at energies above 100 TeV, perhaps the more intriguing result is that the power of these techniques can be exploited to test these AGN models in a relatively short time. Subject headings: Active galactic nuclei: neutrinos : cosmic rays
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Xx(x) 1 –7 Empathizing with a Dissimilar Other: the Role of Self–other Distinction in Sympathetic Responding

Can we empathize effectively with someone who has a different sensitivity to social/physical events from ours (e.g., disabled people) and provide help that is truly needed by the person? Or when trying to empathize with a dissimilar other, are we susceptible to an egocentric bias to overproject ourselves onto the target, which may lead us to underreact (e.g., fail to help) or overreact (e.g., provide unnecessary or unwanted " help ") in such cases? This article reports a psy-chophysiological experiment to examine our ability to control the egocentric bias when empathizing with a dissimilar other. Appropriate self–other distinction in empathy is critical to respond to the suffering of another (Batson, 2009). Physicians who oversynchronize with patients cannot provide effective treatments (Cheng et al., 2007); parents who " own " problems of their child often fail to address the child's needs effectively (Gordon, 2000). Stotland (1969) argued that we could employ two different perspectives in these situations— the " imagine self " or the " imagine other " perspective. The " imagine self " perspective implies putting ourselves into the shoes of the target to imagine how we would perceive and feel about the situation, while the " imagine other " perspective maintains the self–other distinction to imagine how the situation is perceived and felt by the target himself or herself. Batson, Early, and Salvarini (1997) showed that participants who employed the " imagine self " perspective when learning about others' urgent needs exhibited not only empathic concern (EC; other-oriented feelings of sympathy) but also greater personal distress (PD; self-oriented feelings of personal anxiety) than did participants with the " imagine other " perspective. Batson (1991) argued that PD, which promotes self-focused attention, may prevent the observer from fully attending to the target's experience and providing adequate help. a self–other distinction may be drawn naturally when we interact with someone " who does not feel like us. " Yet somewhat paradoxically , we often have to rely on some kind of self-projection even more when we try to empathize with a dissimilar other than with a similar other (Nickerson, 1999). To illustrate, suppose that we notice a blind person with a white cane who Abstract Can we empathize effectively with someone who has a different sensitivity to physical events from ours? Or, are we susceptible to an egocentric bias in overprojection, which may lead us to under-or overreact in such cases? …
THE ION-INDUCED CHARGE-EXCHANGE X-RAY EMISSION OF THE JOVIAN AURORAS: MAGNETOSPHERIC OR SOLAR WIND ORIGIN?

A new and more comprehensive model of charge-exchange induced X-ray emission, due to ions precipitating into the Jovian atmosphere near the poles, has been used to analyze spectral observations made by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The model includes for the first time carbon ions, in addition to the oxygen and sulfur ions previously considered, in order to account for possible ion origins from both the solar wind and the Jovian magnetosphere. By comparing the model spectra with newly reprocessed Chandra observations, we conclude that carbon ion emission provides a negligible contribution, suggesting that solar wind ions are not responsible for the observed polar X-rays. In addition, results of the model fits to observations support the previously estimated seeding kinetic energies of the precipitating ions (∼0.7–2 MeV u−1), but infer a different relative sulfur-to-oxygen abundance ratio for these Chandra observations.
Beyond Social Graphs: User Interactions in Online Social Networks and their Implications

Social networks are popular platforms for interaction, communication, and collaboration between friends. Researchers have recently proposed an emerging class of applications that leverage relationships from social networks to improve security and performance in applications such as email, Web browsing, and overlay routing. While these applications often cite social network connectivity statistics to support their designs, researchers in psychology and sociology have repeatedly cast doubt on the practice of inferring meaningful relationships from social network connections alone. This leads to the question: “Are social links valid indicators of real user interaction? If not, then how can we quantify these factors to form a more accurate model for evaluating socially enhanced applications? ” In this article, we address this question through a detailed study of user interactions in the Facebook social network. We propose the use of “interaction graphs” to impart meaning to online social links by quantifying user interactions. We analyze interaction graphs derived from Facebook user traces and show that they exhibit significantly lower levels of the “small-world” properties present in their social graph counterparts. This means that these graphs have fewer “supernodes” with extremely high degree, and overall graph diameter increases significantly as a result. To quantify the impact of our observations, we use both types of graphs to validate several well-known social-based applications that rely on graph properties to infuse new functionality into Internet applications, including Reliable Email (RE), SybilGuard, and the weighted cascade influence maximization algorithm. The results reveal new insights into each of these systems, and confirm our hypothesis that to obtain realistic and accurate results, ongoing research on social network applications studies of social applications should use real indicators of user interactions in lieu of social graphs.
Mr. Right & Superman: Effect of Implicit Followership on Employee’s Behaviors

领导者的内隐追随（Leaders’ Implicit Followership Theories，LIFTs）是领导者对员工的特质和行为特征所持有的假设。 从内隐追随的视角出发，有助于更深入分析“领导者和员工如何感知、决策和行动”的领导过程，是真正从员工出发的视角。 本文主要从内隐追随的视角对员工行为的影响因素进行了探讨，同时检验了领导一成员交换的中介作用及心理授权的调节作用。 通过对19家企业的278名员工的分析发现：（1）领导者积极的内隐追随与员工的角色内行为和组织公民行为显著正相关。 （2）领导一成员交换在领导者积极的内隐追随与员工角色内行为和组织公民行为之间均起到部分中介的作用。 （3）心理授权正向调节了领导一成员交换对领导者积极的内隐追随与员工角色内行为和组织公民行为关系的影响；更进一步，心理授权调节了领导一成员交换对领导者积极的内隐追随与角色内行为关系的中介作用。 本文的研究结果不仅拓展了内隐理论、认知理论在领导学研究的应用，而且丰富了社会交换理论的内容。
Trans-obturator-tape procedure - ‘inside out or outside in’: current concepts and evidence base

Purpose of review Surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence has become very popular as a consequence of the good results given by the minimally invasive tension-free vaginal tape. This has attracted great attention from industry, resulting in a proliferation of new slings and different implantation techniques. This review focuses on published literature on the two trans-obturator procedures, outside in or inside out, recently described. Recent findings Tension-free vaginal tape was originally reported as a very safe procedure. However, analyses performed in Scandinavia and Austria and several clinical case reports have emphasized the risk of serious complications, related to the penetration of the retropubic space. Two new surgical approaches have been introduced maintaining the position under the mid-urethra of the tension-free vaginal tape but reducing or even eliminating complications related to the penetration of the retropubic space by placing the tape between the two obturator foramens, from outside to inside or from inside to outside. Summary Efficacy reported results are very close to those reported in most of the observational series of tension-free vaginal tape. Both trans-obturator procedures have been reported with very few complications. Anatomical dissections have shown that these two procedures can be very safe, but that the tip of the tunneller could injure the bladder, the urethra or the obturator pedicle. Surgeons have to respect the key points of the procedures. No evidence-based conclusion can yet be drawn on these two procedures. Long-term follow-up trials and tracker studies including very large cohorts of patients are needed.
Immunological Potential of Helix vulgaris and Rapana venosa Hemocyanins

A new hemocyanin was isolated from the hemolymph of garden snails Helix vulgaris, composed of two isoforms, HvH1 and HvH2 separated on an ion exchange column DEAE-Sepharose 6CL. Structural and immunological properties of Helix vulgaris hemocyanin were studied in comparison with molluscan Hcs Rapana venosa and Megathura crenulata. The possibility of using HvH and RvH as carriers of small molecules (haptens) in immunizing protocols was studied in comparison with KLH, which is a widely used, highly immunogenic carrier protein. By using HvH as a carrier of the well-known hapten TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid), an increasing with time production of hapten-specific TFN-γ was detected in splenocyte cultures of mice, which lasted longer than in case of KLH and RvH carriers. Also, use of HvH or RvH as a carrier of the hapten ProTα[101–109] (i.e., the synthetic C-terminal fragment of the poorly immunogenic protein prothymosin alpha) showed that antisera of higher titres than that of the control conjugate (ProTα[101–109]-KLH) were obtained immediately after the second bleeding. HvH and RvH may prove to be useful for the development of new antiviral, antibacterial and antitumor vaccines, since they seem to launch strong and specific immune response against the conjugated antigens.