Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasma prolactin response to d-fenfluramine is blunted in bulimic patients with frequent binge episodes

Background. Abnormalities of brain serotonin (5-HT) transmission have been implicated in the pathophysiology of bulimia nervosa (BN), but no conclusive data have yet been provided. The purpose of this study was to assess 5-HT transmission via the measurement of the prolactin (PRL) response to the specific 5-HT releasing agent d-fenfluramine (d-FEN) in both patients with BN and comparison subjects. Methods. According to a double-blind placebo-controlled design, plasma PRL response to d-FEN was measured in 14 drug-free bulimics and 14 matched healthy controls. In both patients and controls, eating-related psychopathology, depressive and obsessive–compulsive symptoms, and aggressiveness were measured by rating scales. Results. Baseline plasma levels of PRL and 17β-oestradiol were significantly reduced in bulimic patients, whereas basal plasma levels of cortisol did not significantly differ from healthy controls. PRL response to d-FEN was not different between patients and controls as groups, but it was significantly blunted in bulimics with high frequency bingeing ([ges ]2 binge episodes per day; N=7) as compared to both those with low frequency bingeing ([les ]1 binge episode per day; N=7) and matched controls. A significant negative correlation emerged between the frequency of binge episodes and the hormone response to d-FEN. Moreover, although patients scored higher than healthy subjects on rating scales assessing depressive and obsessive–compulsive symptoms and aggressiveness, no significant correlation was found between these measures and the PRL response to d-FEN. Conclusions. These results support the idea that serotonin transmission is impaired in bulimic patients with frequent binge episodes.
Epidemiology of Post-Traumatic Limb Amputation: A National Trauma Databank Analysis

The purpose of this study was to examine the epidemiology and outcomes of posttraumatic upper (UEA) and lower extremity amputations (LEA). The National Trauma Databank version 5 was used to identify all posttraumatic amputations. From 2000 to 2004 there were 8910 amputated patients (1.0% of all trauma patients). Of these, 6855 (76.9%) had digit and 2055 (23.1%) had limb amputation. Of those with limb amputation, 92.7 per cent (1904/2055) had a single limb amputation. LEA were more frequent than UEA among patients in the single limb amputation group (58.9% vs 41.1%). The mechanism of injury was blunt in 83 per cent; most commonly after motor vehicle collisions (51.0%), followed by machinery accidents (19.4%). Motor vehicle collision occupants had more UEA (54.5% vs 45.5%, P < 0.001), whereas motorcyclists (86.2% vs 13.8%, P < 0.001) and pedestrians (91.9% vs 8.1%, P < 0.001) had more LEA. Patients with LEA were more likely to require discharge to a skilled nursing facility; whereas those with UEA were more likely to be discharged home. Traumatic limb amputation is not uncommon after trauma in the civilian population and is associated with significant morbidity. Although single limb amputation did not impact mortality, the need for multiple limb amputation was an independent risk factor for death.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEPRIBADIAN HARDINESS DENGAN BURNOUT PADA PERAWAT GAWAT DARURAT DI RUMAH SAKIT PANTIWILASA CITARUM

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Tipe Kepribadian Hardiness dengan Burnout pada Perawat Gawat Darurat di Rumah Sakit Pantiwilasa Citarum. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah ada hubungan negatif antara Tipe Kepribadian Hardiness dengan Burnout pada Perawat Gawat Darurat di Rumah Sakit Pantiwilasa. Populasinya adalah perawat di pantiwilasa Citarum bagian ICU, HCU, IGD, usianya antara 21-39 tahun. Subjek penelitian menggunakan studi populasi. Jumlah subjek penelitian yang diambil yaitu 38 orang. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode skala. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah teknik Product Moment. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diketahui bahwa kepribadian hardiness berkorelasi negatif dengan burnout pada perawat gawat darurat dengan sebesar -0,890 (p<0,01), dengan demikian hipotesis penelitian diterima. Sumbangan efektif kepribadian hardiness terhadap burnout pada perawat gawat darurat sebesar 79,2%.
The taurine transporter: mechanisms of regulation

Taurine transport undergoes an adaptive response to changes in taurine availability. Unlike most amino acids, taurine is not metabolized or incorporated into protein but remains free in the intracellular water. Most amino acids are reabsorbed at rates of 98–99%, but reabsorption of taurine may range from 40% to 99.5%. Factors that influence taurine accumulation include ionic environment, electrochemical charge, and post‐translational and transcriptional factors. Among these are protein kinase C (PKC) activation and transactivation or repression by proto‐oncogenes such as WT1, c‐Jun, c‐Myb and p53. Renal adaptive regulation of the taurine transporter (TauT) was studied in vivo and in vitro. Site‐directed mutagenesis and the oocyte expression system were used to study post‐translational regulation of the TauT by PKC. Reporter genes and Northern and Western blots were used to study transcriptional regulation of the taurine transporter gene (TauT). We demonstrated that (i) the body pool of taurine is controlled through renal adaptive regulation of TauT in response to taurine availability; (ii) ionic environment, electrochemical charge, pH, and developmental ontogeny influence renal taurine accumulation; (iii) the fourth segment of TauT is involved in the gating of taurine across the cell membrane, which is controlled by PKC phosphorylation of serine 322 at the post‐translational level; (iv) expression of TauT is repressed by the p53 tumour suppressor gene and is transactivated by proto‐oncogenes such as WT1, c‐Jun, and c‐Myb; and (v) over‐expression of TauT protects renal cells from cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity.
The Expression of Fibroblast Activation Protein in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas Is Associated with Synchronous Lymph Node Metastases

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is a heterogeneous and complex disease that frequently develops distant metastases. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a serine peptidase the expression of which in cancer-associated fibroblasts has been associated with higher risk of metastases and poor survival. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of FAP in metastatic CCRCC (mCCRCC). A series of 59 mCCRCC retrospectively collected was included in the study. Metastases developed either synchronous (n = 14) or metachronous to renal disease (n = 45). Tumor specimens were obtained from both primary lesion (n = 59) and metastases (n = 54) and FAP expression was immunohistochemically analyzed. FAP expression in fibroblasts from primary tumors correlated with FAP expression in the corresponding metastatic lesions. Also, primary and metastatic FAP expression was correlated with large tumor diameter (>7cm), high grade (G3/4), high stage (pT3/4), tumor necrosis and sarcomatoid transformation. The expression of FAP in primary tumors and in their metastases was associated both with synchronous metastases and also with metastases to the lymph nodes. FAP expression in the primary tumor was correlated with worse 10-year overall survival. Immunohistochemical detection of FAP in the stromal tumor fibroblasts could be a biomarker of early lymph node metastatic status and therefore could account for the poor prognosis of FAP positive CCRCC.
Visual Imagery and Familiarity Ratings for 203 Sayings

Two attributes on which words have been widely scaled are imagery value and familiarity. One reason much memory research has used single words rather than more complex verbal material may be the ready availability of such scaled normative material. The purpose of this study was to provide a list of sentences that have been scaled on visual imagery and familiarity to facilitate the extension of memory research to more complex material. In this study, 203 sayings (e.g., Haste makes waste) were rated on 7-point scales for visual imagery (VI) by 51 students and for familiarity (F) by 50 students. The sayings are listed, with their individual means and standard deviations for VI and F. Also reported are the overall mean and standard deviation for VI and F, the correlation between VI and F, reliability data, and comparisons with studies that have scaled single words for VI and F. These ratings should help researchers extend verbal-learning and memory research beyond single words.
Household responses to economic change: migration and maquiladora work in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico

Le but de cet article est d'aider a la comprehension des relations existantes entre la migration professionnelle et les strategies economiques des menages populaires urbains. L'exemple etudie est Ciudad Juarez, Mexique, et son industrie « maquiladora » (industrie d'assemblage sous douane) qui a contribue au changement de la demande de l'emploi. L'analyse compare des menages dont les femmes travaillent dans la maquiladora a des menages dont les femmes travaillent dans d'autres secteurs, afin de relever les differences dans les schemas de migration et de determiner les valeurs des strategies economiques que ces menages ont choisi
Relación familia – escuela: una comprensión al sentido que le dan los docentes desde sus prácticas pedagógicas en la Institución Educativa el Horro de Anserma, Caldas.

This research realizes of the sense that give teachers in the pedagogical practices to the family –school relationship. It was held in the Horro Educational Institution, which is located in the Horro village in the municipality of Anserma, Caldas. The research was woven in the group of education and pedagogy of the Master: Education and Human Development at the Manizales University and CINDE. The methodology was qualitative, based on ethnographic complementarity approach Authors: Murcia and Jaramillo (2008), whose sequence the pre configuration, the configuration and reconfiguration of reality. As a reference taken into account: the art from the pedagogical practices, family-school-family relationship from rural school teaching practices regarding further within the framework the concept of school education, family relationship occurs school, teaching practices, sense, and family. Similarly, a rigorous analysis of the instruments is done to account for the intended purpose
Domestic Saving and International Capital Flows Reconsidered

A long literature since Feldstein and Horioka's seminal contribution documents the strong correlation of domestic saving and investment rates since the 1960s. According to conventional wisdom, the result provides evidence of international capital market imperfections. The macroeconomic theory of small open economies prescribes a relationship between the composition of aggregate demand and its relative price structure, a linkage hitherto ignored in the saving-investment literature. Theory and evidence also suggest a role for growth and demographic effects, well known in previous studies. If one controls for these effects, the standard correlation of saving and investment disappears. International capital markets may be better integrated than once thought, and the former correlations may have been spurious. The pattern of domestic investment rates is better explained by domestic price distortions and other variables than by domestic saving constraints.
An assessment of the herd-level impact of the Theileria orientalis (Ikeda) epidemic of cattle in New Zealand, 2012–2013: a mixed methods approach

Abstract AIM: To estimate incidence risk, cumulative mortality and case fatality rate within herds affected by bovine anaemia associated with Theileria orientalis infection (TABA), in New Zealand during the early phase of the epidemic (August 2012–September 2013). METHODS: A mixed methods approach was utilised to integrate data from various sources, including a detailed questionnaire carried out on 18 dairy farms which had experienced cases of TABA; a brief telephone survey of an additional 139 case farms; and data extracted from a Ministry for Primary Industries database for a further 42 case farms. The subsequent analysis determined incidence risk, cumulative mortality and case fatality rates for beef and dairy herds. RESULTS: Data were analysed from 196/263 (74%) known case farms at the date of closing the questionnaires. These farms contained 99,505 cattle; 2,847 animals were reported with clinical disease, and a further 590 animals were recorded as having died from TABA. The within-herd incidence risk, cumulative mortality and case fatality rate were consistent between the three data sources, did not differ between beef and dairy herds, and were estimated to be 0.97 (inter-quartile range (IQR) 0.36–2.07)%, 0.23 (IQR 0.00–0.66)% and 16.67 (IQR 0.00–33.33)%, respectively. There was substantial variability in the level of impact, with 22 farms severely affected (incidence risk >5% and cumulative mortality >5%). CONCLUSIONS: The mixed methods approach was effective in dealing with the disparate data sources. The inclusion of the majority of farms known to be affected at the time the questionnaires were performed implies that the information is likely to be representative. The collective outputs of the analyses represent the best estimate available of within-herd measures of disease frequency in the early phase of the epidemic in New Zealand. The limitations of the data imply that their primary application may be to inform the design of subsequent structured observational field studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results of this study provide information on the impact of TABA on cattle farms during the emergence and early spread of the disease, as well as for generating hypotheses on causal mechanisms and risk factors that may influence the course of disease.
Involvement of Abscisic Acid in the Coordinated Regulation of a Stress-Inducible Hexose Transporter (VvHT5) and a Cell Wall Invertase in Grapevine in Response to Biotrophic Fungal Infection[W]

Biotrophic fungal and oomycete pathogens alter carbohydrate metabolism in infected host tissues. Symptoms such as elevated soluble carbohydrate concentrations and increased invertase activity suggest that a pathogen-induced carbohydrate sink is established. To identify pathogen-induced regulators of carbohydrate sink strength, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure transcript levels of invertase and hexose transporter genes in biotrophic pathogen-infected grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaves. The hexose transporter VvHT5 was highly induced in coordination with the cell wall invertase gene VvcwINV by powdery and downy mildew infection. However, similar responses were also observed in response to wounding, suggesting that this is a generalized response to stress. Analysis of the VvHT5 promoter region indicated the presence of multiple abscisic acid (ABA) response elements, suggesting a role for ABA in the transition from source to sink under stress conditions. ABA treatment of grape leaves was found to reproduce the same gene-specific transcriptional changes as observed under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Furthermore, the key regulatory ABA biosynthetic gene, VvNCED1, was activated under these same stress conditions. VvHT5 promoter::β-glucuronidase-directed expression in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was activated by infection with powdery mildew and by ABA treatment, and the expression was closely associated with vascular tissue adjacent to infected regions. Unlike VvHT1 and VvHT3, which appear to be predominantly involved in hexose transport in developing leaves and berries, VvHT5 appears to have a specific role in enhancing sink strength under stress conditions, and this is controlled through ABA. Our data suggest a central role for ABA in the regulation of VvcwINV and VvHT5 expression during the transition from source to sink in response to infection by biotrophic pathogens.
Dorsal striatal size, shape, and metabolic rate in never-medicated and previously medicated schizophrenics performing a verbal learning task.

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography were used to study the size and metabolic rate of the caudate and the putamen in 18 patients with schizophrenia (n=16) or schizo-affective disorder (n=2) and 24 age- and sex-matched control subjects. METHODS The patients were either never medicated (n=7) or drug free (n=11) for a median of 3 weeks. During uptake of fludeoxyglucose F 18, all patients performed a serial verbal learning test. Positron emission tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans were coregistered, and the caudate and the putamen were traced on the magnetic resonance image. RESULTS The striatum had a significantly lower relative metabolic rate in schizophrenics than in controls. Never-medicated patients had lower metabolic rates in the right putamen (ventral part of the dorsal striatum) than previously medicated patients. The caudate was significantly smaller in never-medicated patients than in controls and largest in previously medicated patients. Patients with higher relative metabolic rates in the putamen scored higher on the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale. CONCLUSIONS The findings are consistent with reports of striatal enlargement in previously medicated patients and size increases after neuroleptic treatment. Never-medicated patients, in contrast, had ventral striatal structures that were smaller and less active than those observed in controls and previously medicated patients.
Analysis of the movement of prescription drugs to over-the-counter status.

BACKGROUND The transition of prescription drugs (Rx) to over-the-counter (OTC) status is a very complex and multifaceted process involving many parties and many issues. This article examines the regulatory history and process and presents a review of the issues involved, using recent Rx-to-OTC conversions as examples. FINDINGS Data are presented on the growth of the OTC market and the impact recently switched products have had on this market growth. Drug product characteristics that make drug products amenable to OTC conversion are described. Reasons are presented for why more and more prescription drug products are being reviewed as candidates for OTC conversion. A list of high-profile Rx-to-OTC products is provided, along with a discussion of new proposals for OTC conversions and those products that have not been approved for OTC conversion. CONCLUSION Conversion of prescription products to over-the-counter availability can have an impact on prescription-drug-benefit costs and on total health care costs. There are opportunities and limitations for managed care organizations in the coverage and promotion of OTC products as therapeutic alternatives to prescription-only drugs.
Web-Based Self-Help for Preventing Mental Health Problems in Universities: Comparing Acceptance and Commitment Training to Mental Health Education.

OBJECTIVE This study sought to test the feasibility of a web-based Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) prototype prevention program called ACT on College Life (ACT-CL). METHOD A sample of 234 university students was randomized to either the ACT-CL website or a mental health education (MHE) website. RESULTS Findings indicated a lower level of user engagement and satisfaction ratings with the prototype of ACT-CL than the MHE website. There were no significant differences between conditions on outcome measures at post or follow-up. However, statistical trends suggested the MHE condition actually led to greater remission of severe symptoms than the ACT-CL condition among those with severe symptoms at baseline. There were no differences between conditions on ACT process of change measures. Changes in psychological flexibility were predictive of changes in mental health across conditions, but relations dissipated over time. Furthermore, greater engagement in some components of ACT-CL predicted improvements in psychological flexibility, though not on mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The effects of the ACT-CL program on mental health outcomes and ACT process measures were largely equivalent to those of an education website, although there was a lower level of program engagement with ACT-CL. Findings are discussed in the context of feasibility issues and lessons learned for program revisions.
Scholars Commons @ Laurier Scholars Commons @ Laurier

We consider a laser model consisting of a single four-level or three-level atom, an optical cavity, and an incoherent pump. Results for photon statistics for varying pump levels are obtained using a quantum trajectory algorithm. In particular, we calculate the mean photon number, Fano factor ~ which is the variance over the mean ! We examine that the behavior of the single-atom device as b , the fraction of spontaneous emission into the lasing mode, is varied. Typical values considered for b are 0.01 , b , 1.0. We ﬁnd that for large enough b , lasing action, with properties similar to those predicted by semiclassical theories that factorize atom-ﬁeld correlations and use a small-noise approximation, can occur. Squeezing can occur as b is increased. There is no evidence of a sharp phase transition from weakly excited thermal light to coherent light at a particular pump power. This is consistent with work on many-atom lasers with b values in the range considered here. As b is increased, the output goes from quasithermal light to coherent and ﬁnally to squeezed light, progressing into a fully quantum-mechanical regime. We also consider the effects of cavity damping and spontaneous emission rates on these results. @ S1050-2947 ~ 99 ! 06510-5 #
In Vitro Toxicity of Netilmicin and Ofloxacin on Corneal Epithelial Cells

Purpose. To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect of the aminoglycoside antibiotic netilmicin on rabbit corneal epithelial cells (SIRC) compared with ofloxacin, a commonly used fluoroquinolone ocular antibiotic. Methods. SIRC cell cultures were incubated for 8 to 72 h in the presence and absence of netilmicin (1.5, 3, and 6 mg/mL) and equal concentrations of ofloxacin. Cell viability in treated and untreated SIRC cells was measured by both neutral red and MTT colorimetric assays at 8, 24, and 72 h, whereas changes in cell morphology were examined at 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours by the use of phase-contrast microscopy. Results. Netilmicin, at all tested concentrations, failed to alter SIRC cell viability or morphology. In contrast, all concentrations of ofloxacin caused statistically significant dose- and time-dependent reductions in cell viability even after 8 h. After 72 h there was complete loss of cell viability. Morphologic examination of SIRC cells after 8 h of incubation with ofloxacin revealed that the fluoroquinolone antibiotic, at all concentrations, produced large numbers of dead cells, compromised intercellular contacts, and altered general morphology. After 48 h the cell monolayer was observed to be completely destroyed. Conclusion. Netilmicin, at the concentrations used, is an antibiotic devoid of obvious cellular toxicity and may also be considered as a suitable first-choice drug in the treatment of those pathologies that compromise the integrity of the ocular surface.