Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Podoplanin and Clusterin Are Reliable Markers of Nonneoplastic Synovium at Various Sites

Introduction. Clusterin (CLU) has been noted to mark synovium adjacent to tenosynovial tumors, and studies suggest that podoplanin (PP) is upregulated in inflammatory arthritis. Characterization of synovial staining with CLU and PP in various nonneoplastic disease states has not been described. Methods. A microarray was created from paraffin-embedded human synovium, including 19 normal/noninflammatory (10 weight-bearing joints, 8 non-weight-bearing joints), 9 rheumatoid arthritis, 10 synovial cysts, and 3 osteoarthritis and stained with PP (D2-40) and CLU. Staining intensity was graded semiquantitatively (0-3+). Results. PP and CLU stained synovium in 88% and 95% cases, respectively. PP and CLU showed moderate to strong (3+) staining in 26% and 19% of noninflammatory and 44% and 0% of inflammatory synovia, respectively (P < .01). Conclusions. PP and CLU are reliable markers of human synovium and can confirm its presence in limited specimens. Although CLU was more sensitive, PP may be more useful in the setting of chronic inflammation.
On the capacity modelling in 3G mobile wireless communications systems and beyond

Capacity issue was a major motivation behind the introduction of the present 3G mobile communication systems such as the wideband CDMA (WCDMA). However, the rapid increase in the number of connections and demand for high-speed multimedia communication services supported is contradicting with the limited resources allocated by these systems. WCDMA is an interference-limited system, which means that the capacity bounds of these systems as well as coverage boundaries are continuously changing according to traffic conditions. WCDMA is designed to provide variable data rates, which further complicate the capacity analysis. Active user capacity analysis in the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network of WCDMA is essential for different stages ranging from the initial network planning to the proper resource management of the operating network. The determination of upper bounds on the network's active-user capacity is needed to determine the traffic handling capability of the network and later in determining its performance. Amongst the motivations for WCDMA is the possibility for capacity increase with the use of directional smart antennas to reduce the interference and therefore gain capacity increase. These are typically complex systems. One type that is simple enough yet beneficial in gaining capacity and coverage improvements in the WCDMA environment is called the Switched Beam Smart Antenna (SBSA). This work is about the analysis of the capacity/ coverage problem of WCDMA in a multiservice environment with the use of omnidirectional antennas at the base stations or with SBSAs. The analysis produced a distinctive model for the capacity and coverage in both cases whereby the number of users in each of the services, their coverage radii, activities, rates and other parameters in a multi-service UMTS environment are related together at the boundaries of operation. The model provides a useful tool to analyse traffic and for radio resource management in UMTS especially that it links the problem of capacity sharing using WCDMA to the well-studied ATM statistical multiplexing theories. The model with SBSA was used as a tool to asses the improvement gains against complexity when the antenna at the base station is of the switched beam type.
MiR-486 Regulates Lactation and Targets the PTEN Gene in Cow Mammary Glands

Mammary gland development is controlled by several genes. Although miRNAs have been implicated in mammary gland function, the mechanism by which miR-486 regulates mammary gland development and lactation remains unclear. We investigated miR-486 expression in cow mammary gland using qRT-PCR and ISH and show that miR-486 expression was higher during the high-quality lactation period. We found that miR-486 targets phosphoinositide signaling in the cow mammary gland by directly downregulating PTEN gene expression and by altering the expression of downstream genes that are important for the function of the mammary gland, such as AKT, mTOR. We analyzed the effect of β-casein, lactose and triglyceride secretion in bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs) transfected by an inhibitor and by mimics of miR-486. Our results identify miR-486 as a downstream regulator of PTEN that is required for the development of the cow mammary gland.
Neural Circuitry of Impulsivity in a Cigarette Craving Paradigm

Impulsivity has been shown to play a pivotal role in the onset, pattern of consumption, relapse and, most notably, craving of illicit and licit drugs such as cigarette smoking. The goal of this study was to examine the neurobiological influence of trait impulsivity during cue-induced cigarette craving. Thirty-one chronic smokers passively viewed appetitive smoking-related and neutral images while being scanned and reported their feelings of craving. They completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, a measure of trait impulsivity. We conducted functional connectivity analyses using the psycho-physiological interaction method. During the processing of smoking stimuli, participants presented increased activations in the cingulate and prefrontal cortices. We observed a significant positive relationship between impulsivity scores and reported craving. A negative correlation was observed between the impulsivity score and activity in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) as well as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) presented a negative connectivity with the PCC. Consistent with the view that the PCC is related to the ability to resist cigarette craving, our results suggest that high impulsive smokers have greater difficulty in controlling their cravings, and that this weakness may be mediated by lower PCC activity. Moreover, we argue that the less PCC activity, the greater the probability of a stronger emotional, physiological, and biased attentional response to smoking cues mediated by insula, dACC, and DLPFC activity. This is the first study on this topic, and so, results will need to be replicated in both licit and illicit drug abusers. Our findings also highlight a need for more emphasis on the PCC in drug addiction research, as it is one of the most consistently activated regions in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies examining the neural correlates of cue-induced alcohol, drug, and tobacco cravings.
Determinan Keberadaan Jentik di Wilayah Pedesaan Endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue

Background: The presence of larvae in the home environment is influenced by physical, biological, chemical and behavioral factors. This study to determine the factors that affect the presence of larvae and species of mosquitoes found in endemic areas of DHF. This research is an analytical research with cros sectional approach. Methods: a sample of 90 houses drawn from 15 homes around 6 dengue cases and characteristics of PSN breeding and behavioral areas. Identification of species by single larval method. Result: Based on statistik test, there is no relation between, location of breeding place (p = 0,71) and presence of cover (p = 0,245) with larva. The presence breeding type (p = 0,008), of predators (p = 0,009), color’s wall (p = 0,030), pH (p = 0,000), TDS (p = 0,044) and PSN (p = 0,000) in larvae. Species were aedes aegypti (77,,8 %), aedes albopitus (13,3 %), and culex gellidus (8,9 %). Conclusion: factors affecting the presence of larva include presence of predators, and PSN behavior.
Possible role of angiogenesis suppression in rats model of non alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective:to evaluate development of angiogenesis in rats of NAFLD and to determine the protective effects of antiangiogenic therapy (sorafenib) in preventing the progression of NAFLD. Methods: 45 Albino rats (200-300 g) were divided into 3 groups (15 rats for each): Group I: Control group fed on an ordinary diet. Group II: rats received high fat, high fructose diet (HFD,HFr) with DEN ( twice weekly for 8 weeks, ip). Group III: rats received HFD, HFr + DEN + sorafenib orally for 8 weeks. Biochemical, histopathologial, and immunohistopathological examination were studied. Results: high fat, high fructose diet with DEN resulted in a significant elevation in the serum cholesterol, TG, LDL, and AST, and ALT, significantly lower levels of HDL and Albumin together with a significant decrease in hepatic GSH, Histopathological examination revealed that liver of untreated rats showed severe fatty infilteration (grade3). Immunohistochemical examination of liver of untreated NAFLD rats showed strong staining reactions against VEGF, α- SMA, CD31, and Caspase3 antibodies. Oral administration of sorafenib alleviated all these parameters.
Investigating the Mutual Effects of Depression and Spiritual Well-being on Quality of Life in Hospice Patients with Cancer and Family Caregivers Using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model

vi Chapter One: Introduction 1 Specific Aims and Hypothesis 4 Definition of Terms 5 Significance to Nursing 5 Chapter Two: Review of Literature 7 Conceptual Framework 7 Quality of Life in Hospice Patients with Cancer 8 Quality of Life in Family Caregivers 10 Depression in Hospice Patients with Cancer 12 Depression in Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients 14 Spirituality in Cancer Patients 15 Vague Definition of Spirituality 15 Insufficient Spiritual Care in Cancer Patients 15 Spirituality in Family Caregivers 17 Summary 18 Chapter Three : Methods 20 Research Design 20 Setting and Subjects 20 Instruments for Both Patients and Caregivers. 21 Center for Epidemiological Study-Depression Scale 21 Spiritual Needs Inventory 21 Patient Instruments 22 Hospice Quality of Life Index-14 22 Family Caregivers Instruments 23 The Short-Form 12 Health Survey. 23 Demographic data 23 Procedures 23 Statistical Analysis Plan 24
Genetic Evidence for an Interaction between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Matrix and α-Helix 2 of the gp41 Cytoplasmic Tail

ABSTRACT The incorporation of envelope (Env) glycoproteins into virions is an essential step in the retroviral replication cycle. Lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), encode Env glycoproteins with unusually long cytoplasmic tails, the functions of which have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examine the effects on virus replication of a number of mutations in a helical motif (α-helix 2) located near the center of the HIV-1 gp41 cytoplasmic tail. We find that, in T-cell lines, small deletions in this domain disrupt the incorporation of Env glycoproteins into virions and markedly impair virus infectivity. Through the analysis of viral revertants, we demonstrate that a single amino acid change (34VI) in the matrix domain of Gag reverses the Env incorporation and infectivity defect imposed by a small deletion near the C terminus of α-helix 2. These results provide genetic evidence, in the context of infected T cells, for an interaction between HIV-1 matrix and the gp41 cytoplasmic tail and identify domains of both proteins involved in this putative interaction.
Prevalence of aerobic bacteria in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from healthy pigs.

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in pigs to assess bacterial contamination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) obtained by use of the method and to determine the aerobic bacterial species in bronchoalveolar airways of healthy pigs. Bacterial contamination of BALF caused by insertion of the bronchoscope was evaluated, using a chromogenic bacterial tracer strain, and was found to be 0.22% of total colony-forming units (CFU), with range between 0 and 1.6%. A total of 164 pulmonary-healthy pigs from 6 closed herds were selected. The BALF obtained from these pigs were examined bacteriologically. Bacteria could not be isolated from 10.4% of all BALF; 5.5% of the BALF samples yielded pure cultures; and 84.1% yielded mixed aerobic bacterial growth. In BALF from 29.2% of the pigs, < or = 5 x 10(2) CFU of bacteria/ml were isolated. The total number of bacteria in BALF from 50% of the pigs varied between 5 x 10(2) and 10(3) CFU/ml; 10.4% of BALF samples contained between 10(3) CFU/ml and 5 x 10(3) CFU/ml. More than 1 bacterial species were isolated from a single lung lavage of 84.1% of the pigs. Up to 6 species were isolated from a single BALF sample. A total of 443 bacterial isolates were differentiated into 25 bacterial genera and species. Samples of BALF yielded staphylococci (67.6%: Staphylococcus hyicus from 13.4% of the samples and S aureus from 2.4%), alpha-hemolytic streptococci (49.4%), Escherichia coli (42.1%), non-hemolytic streptococci (26.2%), Klebsiella spp (18.3%), micrococci (12.8%), and Coryneformes (11.0%). Other bacterial species were found, but less frequently. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
KARAKTER MORFOLOGI DAUN BEBERAPA JENIS POHON PENGHIJAUAN HUTAN KOTA DI KOTA MALANG

Abstrak Daun tumbuhan sukulen atau xerofit juga dapat mengalami peralihan fungsi menjadi organ penyimpan air. Warna hijau pada daun berasal dari kandungan klorofil pada daun. Klorofil adalah senyawa pigmen yang berperan dalam menyeleksi panjang gelombang cahaya yang energinya diambil dalam fotosintesis. Sebenarnya daun juga memiliki pigmen lain, misalnya karoten (berwarna jingga), xantofil (berwarna kuning), dan antosianin (berwarna merah, biru, atau ungu, tergantung derajat keasaman). Daun tua kehilangan klorofil sehingga warnanya berubah menjadi kuning atau merah (dapat dilihat dengan jelas pada daun yang telah gugur). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Nopember 2014. Lokasi pengambilan sampel dilakukan di hutan kota Malabar di kota Malang. Lokasi hutan kota ini terpolusi oleh kendaraan bermotor dari berbagai arah dan dari berbagai jenis kendaraan bermotor. Bahan yang digunakan adalah jenis daun pohon sampel. Alat yang digunakan adalah: Kantong sampel, kertas label, alat tulis, gunting, isolasi, meteran/penggaris, gunting, dan kamera. Daun dari sepuluh (10) jenis pohon diidentifikasi karakter morfologi daun untuk mengetahui sifat-sifat daun (Tjitrosoepoemo, 1990). Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: Metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan morfologi daun di hutan kota Malabar memiliki bentuk daun sangat beragam, umumnya berupa helaian, bisa tipis atau tebal. Gambaran dua dimensi daun dapat digunakan sebagai pembeda bagi bentuk-bentuk daun. Bentuk dasar daun membulat, dengan variasi cuping menjari atau menjadi elips dan memanjang. Bentuk ekstremnya bisa meruncing panjang. Daun juga bisa bermodifikasi menjadi duri.
Four-way TOA and software-based trilateration of IEEE 802.11 devices

In this paper we present an algorithm that measures the round trip times of IEEE 802.11 MAC packets in order to trilaterate WLAN nodes.We show that if we use packet sequences (e.g., RTS, CTS, DATA and ACK) instead of packet pairs (e.g., DATA and ACK), the TOA measurements can be implemented more easily and a higher observation rate can be achieved. In addition, the receiver and any listening third node can measure the round trip times. We present the open source software ldquoGoodtryrdquo that implements this algorithm and overcomes the low clock resolution and other implementation constraints of off-the-shelf IEEE 802.11 cards. Experimental results show that our software-based trilateration has an accuracy of about four meters.
Relation between ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein, diabetes and periodontal disease in patients with and without myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of diabetes and periodontal disease in us-CRP, an inflammatory marker in patients with and without acute myocardial infarction (AMI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted in 401 subjects aged between 30 and 75 years, living in Bogotá D.C. (Colombia). Patients arriving at the emergency room of the San Ignacio University Hospital with AMI were included into the case group. The control group was defined as those subjects without AMI. The following blood tests were performed: complete blood count (CBC), glycemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides, cHDL, cLDL, and us-CRP. Patients with infections or antibiotic treatment within the last three months, who had received periodontal treatment within the six months prior to the study entry, had oral ulcerations, or less than seven teeth were excluded from the study. Periodontal disease was diagnosed based on the 1999 Armitage's classification. RESULTS The mean us-CRP value found in diabetic patients with severe chronic periodontitis was 5.31 mg/L (SD 6.82), and 2.38 mg/L (SD 4.42) in non-diabetic patients, being statistically significant (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION Diabetes had an impact in periodontal disease and us-CRP. In patients with AMI, DM and PD considerably increased the us-CRP.
Efficacy and Safety of Moxifloxacin as an Additive in Optisol-GS a Preservation Medium for Corneal Donor Tissue

Purpose: To assess the endothelial toxicity and the microbiological efficacy of moxifloxacin (250 μg/mL) as an additive to Optisol-GS®. Methods: Five hundred nine donor rims were studied. One half of each donor rim was placed in standard Optisol-GS® and the other half of the rim in Optisol-GS® fortified with moxifloxacin (250 μg/mL). All rims were refrigerated for 24 hours at 3°C and placed in thioglycolate broth and incubated at 37°C for 7 days. One pair of donor buttons not used in transplantation stored in each solution was examined for endothelial changes by using electron microscopy (EM). A second pair of cornea buttons was examined for toxicity by endothelial staining with 0.3% trypan blue and 0.2% alizarin red. All endothelial cells that stained (nonviable cells) and nonstained cells (viable cells) were counted, and the ratio of nonviable cells was calculated. Results: The rate of culture-positive donor rims in the Optisol-GS® group was 11.9% (61/509) and in the moxifloxacin-fortified Optisol-GS® media was 2.5% (13/509). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01; χ2 test). There was no difference in the cellular morphology of the button stored in moxifloxacin-fortified Optisol-GS® compared with Optisol-GS® using EM. In the bioassay, the rate of nonviable cells in the moxifloxacin-fortified media compared with the control media was nonsignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Moxifloxacin (250 μg/mL) seems to be safe as an additive agent for cornea storage media. It significantly reduces the rate of positive rim cultures and shows no signs of endothelial cytotoxicity as viewed by EM and by a bioassay of trypan blue and alizarin red.
Cytotoxic activity of the sub-fraction 2125 from Vernonia scorpioides against Sarcoma 180 tumor cells in mice

O efeito da sub-fracao SF-2125 obtida do extrato das folhas de Vernonia scorpioides foi investigado em camundongos portadores do tumor ascitico Sarcoma 180 (S180). Os animais foram tratados com SF-2125 na concentracao de 5 mg/kg, administrada por vias intraperitoneal e intravenosa durante o desenvolvimento do tumor. O tratamento com SF-2125 5 mg/kg i.p. aumentou o tempo de vida dos animais, manteve seu peso corporal e o tumor na forma ascitica nao teve desenvolvimento. O tratamento intravenoso nao reduziu o volume do tumor.
Linear relationship between electrical systole, mechanical systole, and heart rate.

The relationship between the duration of electrical systole (QT) and heart rate (HR) and the relationship between the QT interval and total electromechanical systole (QS2) were studied in the resting state in 200 patients (100 males and 100 females) without evidence of cardiovascular disease. A linear relationship was found between the QT and HR in males and females (males, QT = 521 msec - 2.0 HR, r = .91; females, QT = 511 msec - 1.8 HR, r = .90). In 20 male and 20 female subjects, the relationship between QT and QS2 was studied. The QT was slightly shorter but paralleled the QS2 (males QT = 529 msec - 2.1 HR, QS2 = 541 msec - 2.2 HR; females QT = 511 msec - 1.9 HR, QS2 = 540 msec - 2.0 HR). Thus, over the physiologic range of resting HR, a linear relationship exists between QT and HR. The QT interval is slightly shorter but parallels the QS2 in patients without heart disease. These linear relationships permit a direct comparison of the duration of electrical and mechanical systole.
Quantification of mutant huntingtin protein in cerebrospinal fluid from Huntington's disease patients.

BACKGROUND Quantification of disease-associated proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been critical for the study and treatment of several neurodegenerative disorders; however, mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT), the cause of Huntington's disease (HD), is at very low levels in CSF and, to our knowledge, has never been measured previously. METHODS We developed an ultrasensitive single-molecule counting (SMC) mHTT immunoassay that was used to quantify mHTT levels in CSF samples from individuals bearing the HD mutation and from control individuals in 2 independent cohorts. RESULTS This SMC mHTT immunoassay demonstrated high specificity for mHTT, high sensitivity with a femtomolar detection threshold, and a broad dynamic range. Analysis of the CSF samples showed that mHTT was undetectable in CSF from all controls but quantifiable in nearly all mutation carriers. The mHTT concentration in CSF was approximately 3-fold higher in patients with manifest HD than in premanifest mutation carriers. Moreover, mHTT levels increased as the disease progressed and were associated with 5-year onset probability. The mHTT concentration independently predicted cognitive and motor dysfunction. Furthermore, the level of mHTT was associated with the concentrations of tau and neurofilament light chain in the CSF, suggesting a neuronal origin for the detected mHTT. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that mHTT can be quantified in CSF from HD patients using the described SMC mHTT immunoassay. Moreover, the level of mHTT detected is associated with proximity to disease onset and diminished cognitive and motor function. The ability to quantify CSF mHTT will facilitate the study of HD, and mHTT quantification could potentially serve as a biomarker for the development and testing of experimental mHTT-lowering therapies for HD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable. FUNDING CHDI Foundation Inc.; Medical Research Council (MRC) UK; National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR); Rosetrees Trust; Swedish Research Council; and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.
Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus on the basis of coagulase gene polymorphisms

Staphylocoagulase, a major phenotypic determinant of Staphylococcus aureus, exists in multiple allelic forms, in part because of the existence of gene variants within the 3'-end coding region. This region contains a series of repeating 81-bp DNA sequences which differ both in the number of tandem repeats and the location of AluI restriction sites among different isolates. Utilizing this finding, we developed a novel typing method for S. aureus based on polymerase chain reaction amplification of the variable region of the coagulase gene followed by AluI restriction enzyme digestion and analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Among 30 S. aureus isolates studied initially, a total of 10 distinct RFLP patterns were observed. There was excellent correlation of the RFLP patterns with typing of these isolates by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis at 20 chromosomal loci. This coagulase RFLP method was used to analyze an additional 39 S. aureus isolates and successfully traced the source of an outbreak of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections at a local hospital.