Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
METAPRAGMATICS IN A COURTROOM GENRE

Taking as a starting point a broad conception of metapragmatics (Lucy 1993), this study describes a wide range of reflexive elements in closing arguments of criminal trials, and on the basis of their habitual use by trial lawyers, it enquires about the general underlying function as part of the sociocultural practice (Bourdieu 1990). The corpus of was collected at twenty-two criminal trials observed and recorded by the researcher. Five kinds of metapragmatic indexes – from the maximally explicit to the implicit – are identified and analyzed in their interactional, situational and societal context: (1) performatives, which count as official acts by the trial lawyer, (2) formulations and other evaluations of speech, (3) descriptions of aspects of the sociocultural practice and allusions to the principles governing the event, (4) strategic descriptions of contextual conditions, which are exploited with group identity and relational effects, and (5) style. The analysis reveals that these metapragmatic features contextualize the communication as expressing a specific social capital, and at the same time, they contribute to define what does not count as legitimate practice. Apart from the specific effects of individual types of indexes, in closing arguments metapragmatic indexes basically function signaling that the social actor and the practice they are engaged in rightfully belong to the social field of the law.
FDG-PET in the staging and prognosis of T-cell lymphoma.

e18502 Background: We have previously reported that fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography scan (FDG-PET) is almost universally positive in patients (pts) with T-cell lymphoma (Feeney, Amer J Roentgenol, 2010 195: 333). In the current analysis we examined the role of FDG-PET in initial staging and at interim (int) evaluation as a prognostic factor for pts with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). METHODS We reviewed the PTCL database at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center to identify pts with mature T or NK lymphomas with PET scans as part of initial staging or relapse (N=91), and a subset of pts with repeat PET for int restaging while treated with curative intent (N=50). RESULTS The frequency of specific T-cell histologies included in this analysis were: PTCL-NOS (N=35); angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (N=17); anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK-1+ (N=10) and ALK-1- (N=11); HTLV-1 associated lymphoma (N=7); NK/T cell lymphoma (N=5); other (N=6). Seventy three pts were newly diagnosed, 18 had relapsed disease. FDG-PET during pre-treatment staging was positive in 97% of pts. Compared to CT-based evaluation, stage, if PET-based, would be altered in staging 10 pts (11%): 3 pts were upstaged and 7 pts downstaged. PET-based staging did not alter treatment for any pt. PET identified new disease sites in 46 pts (50%). Most frequently identified additional sites were: other nodal (N=24); bone (N=8); skin (N=7); nasopharynx (N=3); spleen (N=3); and lung (N=2). After a median of 4 cycles of chemotherapy, 50 pts underwent int PET. Treatment regimens included CHOP (N=19); CHOP/ICE (N=24); other (N=7). At median follow up of 2.2 years, pts with negative int PET had superior OS and PFS compared to pts with positive int PET. Eighty five percent of pts with negative int PET were alive at median follow up vs. 44% with positive int PET, and 73% of pts with negative int PET were progression free vs. 24.3% with positive int PET. CONCLUSIONS In this data set, PET was positive at initial staging in most pts with PTCL. Additional disease sites were found by PET in 50% of pts but stage was impacted on in only 11% of pts, with no alteration in treatment. Int FDG-PET predicted for both OS and PFS. Achieving a negative int PET seems to be an important predictor of outcome in pts with PTCL.
Exogenous Signal-Independent Nuclear IκB Kinase Activation Triggered by Nkx3.2 Enables Constitutive Nuclear Degradation of IκB-α in Chondrocytes

ABSTRACT NF-κB is a multifunctional transcription factor involved in diverse biological processes. It has been well documented that NF-κB can be activated in response to various stimuli. While signal-inducible NF-κB activation mechanisms have been extensively characterized, exogenous signal-independent intrinsic NF-κB activation processes remain poorly understood. Here we show that IκB kinase β (IKKβ) can be intrinsically activated in the nucleus by a homeobox protein termed Nkx3.2 in the absence of exogenous IKK-activating signals. We found that ubiquitin chain-dependent, but persistent, interactions between Nkx3.2 and NEMO (also known as IKKγ) can give rise to constitutive IKKβ activation in the nucleus. Once the Nkx3.2-NEMO-IKKβ complex is formed in the nucleus, IKKβ-induced Nkx3.2 phosphorylation at Ser148 and Ser168 allows βTrCP to be engaged to cause IκB-α ubiquitination independent of IκB-α phosphorylation at Ser32 and Ser36. Taken together, our results provide a novel molecular explanation as to how an intracellular factor such as Nkx3.2 can accomplish persistent nuclear IKK activation to enable intrinsic and constitutive degradation of IκB in the nucleus in the absence of exogenous NF-κB-activating signals, which, in turn, plays a role in chondrocyte viability maintenance.
Perceiving stimulus displacements across saccades

The visual world appears stable despite frequent retinal image movements caused by saccades. Many theories of visual stability assume that extraretinal eye position information is used to spatially adjust perceived locations across saccades, whereas others have proposed that visual stability depends upon coding of the relative positions of objects. McConkie and Currie (1996) proposed a refined combination of these views (called the Saccade Target Object Theory) in which the perception of stability across saccades relies on a local evaluation process centred on the saccade target object rather than on a remapping of the entire scene, with some contribution from memory for the relative positions of objects as well. Three experiments investigated the saccade target object theory, along with an alternative hypothesis that proposes that multiple objects are updated across saccades, but with variable resolution, with the saccade target object (by virtue of being the focus of attention before the saccade and residing near the fovea after the saccade) having priority in the perception of displacement. Although support was found for the saccade target object theory in Experiment 1, the results of Experiments 2 and 3 found that multiple objects are updated across saccades and that their positions are evaluated to determine perceived stability. There is an advantage for detecting displacements of the saccade target, most likely because of visual acuity or attentional focus being better near the fovea, but it is not the saccade target alone that determines the perception of stability and of displacements across saccades. Rather, multiple sources of information appear to contribute.
Verbal Ability and Persistent Offending: A Race-specific Test of Moffitt’s Theory

Theoretical questions linger over the applicability of the verbal ability model to African-Americans and the social control theory hypothesis that educational failure mediates the effect of verbal ability on offending patterns. Accordingly, this paper investigates whether verbal ability distinguishes between offending groups within the context of Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy. Questions are addressed with longitudinal data spanning childhood through young-adulthood from an ongoing national panel, and multinomial and hierarchical Poisson models (overdispersed). In multinomial models, low verbal ability predicts membership in a life-course-persistent-oriented group relative to an adolescent-limited-oriented group. Hierarchical models indicate that verbal ability is associated with arrest outcomes among White and African-American subjects, with effects consistently operating through educational attainment (high school dropout). The results support Moffitt’s hypothesis that verbal deficits distinguish adolescent-limited- and life-course-persistent-oriented groups within race, as well as the social control model of verbal ability.
EXPERTISE AND DECISION‐MAKING IN THE LINKING OF CAR CRIME SERIES

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether experienced car crime investigators have special expertise in the linking of car crime and what characterises effective decision‐making in this context. Groups of experienced car crime investigators, experienced other investigators, novice participants, and naive participants attempted to link 10 series of three car crimes while thinking aloud. The results showed that experience had an effect on actual and self‐assessed linking accuracy but not on processing speed. Linking accuracy was also related to the use of a limited subset of case characteristics. Characteristics used in successful linking were included in a multidimensional scaling analysis which showed that these characteristics could be used to link the cases together also automatically. The implications of the findings for car crime investigation and for the creation of automated decision‐support systems were discussed.
Antibody Response and Protection Induced by Immunization with Smooth and Rough Strains in Experimental Salmonellosis '

as reproducible. Experiments which studied the effects of antigen type (live or heatkilled), antigen dose, and the route of immunization indicated that the most rapid and highest antibody response was achieved with live, smooth organisms injected by the intraperitoneal route. Living vaccines of rough strains of either S. typhimurium or S. enteritidis induced antibodies directed against the corresponding smooth organisms. The response to the rough strains was apparently due to antibody production rather than to the simple release of preformed natural antibody. The duration of protection conferred by the rough strain vaccines was closely correlated with the endotoxic content of the immunizing strain. Smooth heat-killed vaccines and a rough live vaccine protected against homologous but not heterologous challenge. In contrast, immunization with a smooth live vaccine protected mice against both homologous and heterologous challenge infections. Protection was not due to a local effect in the peritoneal cavity, since mice were also protected against subcutaneous challenge. The secondary antibody response, induced in immunized animals by the virulent challenge infection, was demonstrated to be rapid and potent, and hence a factor to be considered in protection.
Importance of Ocean Heat Uptake Efficacy to Transient Climate Change

Abstract This article proposes a modification to the standard forcing–feedback diagnostic energy balance model to account for 1) differences between effective and equilibrium climate sensitivities and 2) the variation of effective sensitivity over time in climate change experiments with coupled atmosphere–ocean climate models. In the spirit of Hansen et al. an efficacy factor is applied to the ocean heat uptake. Comparing the time evolution of the surface warming in high and low efficacy models demonstrates the role of this efficacy in the transient response to CO2 forcing. Abrupt CO2 increase experiments show that the large efficacy of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory’s Climate Model version 2.1 (CM2.1) sets up in the first two decades following the increase in forcing. The use of an efficacy is necessary to fit this model’s global mean temperature evolution in periods with both increasing and stable forcing. The intermodel correlation of transient climate response with ocean heat uptake efficac.
A GALS FFT processor with clock modulation for low-EMI applications

With the growth in complexity of digital CMOS circuits, the steep current fluctuations introduced by numerous transistors switching with clock signals are proven to be a significant source of electromagnetic interference (EMI). In recent years the reduction in EMI noise from high speed digital ICs has already gained intensive research attention. In this paper the pausible clocking based globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) design with phase and frequency modulation on the locally generated clocks is proposed as a systematic solution to EMI reduction. As a practical example, a 64-point Radix-23 pipelined GALS FFT processor was implemented using the IHP 130nm CMOS technology for low-EMI applications. The on-chip measurements demonstrate 13dB attenuation at the clock fundamental frequency and more than 20dB attenuation at higher clock harmonics, in comparison with the synchronous design.
Writing strategy instruction with gifted students: Effects of goals and feedback on self-efficacy and skills.

This study investigated the influence of goal setting and progress feedback on self‐efficacy and writing achievement. Children received writing strategy instruction over sessions and were given a goal of learning to use the strategy of writing paragraphs. Half of the strategy goal children periodically received feedback on their progress in strategy learning. The strategy goal with progress feedback exerted the greatest impact on achievement outcomes to include transfer. The strategy goal without progress feedback provided some benefits compared with the paragraph goal. Future research suggestions and implications for classroom practice are discussed.
Patterns of elemental excretion in long term balance studies.

Abstract Duplicate self chosen complete daily diets (including water and beverages) and total daily urinary and fecal excreta of two men for a period of 50 weeks have been analyzed for 22 elements. Although the actual items of food and drink chosen by these individuals differed considerably and the variation in elemental intake and excretion was quite wide, when considered over this long period, the patterns of excretion were remarkably similar. For those elements excreted almost entirely in urine, the ratio of the amount excreted in urine to the total amount ingested agrees very well with the ICRP-59 values for f1, the fraction absorbed from the gut of the amount ingested. For other elements the ratio is not a valid estimate of f1 since reexcretion of the absorbed element into the gut is not taken into account. Estimation of the amounts of strontium and calcium which are absorbed and reexcreted into the gut within a period of 24 days after ingestion have been made from a study of the correlation between the fecal output of these elements and the intake by ingestion in the previous 24 days. The value for f1 for strontium, including reexcretion into the gut, has been estimated as 0.34 which agrees very well with the accepted value of 0.3. The value estimated for calcium is below the accepted value, indicating that there are components of endogenous excretion which continue to occur after 24 days.
Early Spelling Acquisition: Does Writing Really Beat the Computer?

This research evaluated the efficacy of handwriting, letter tiles, and computer-based instruction on the early spelling acquisition of normal achieving (NLD) and learning disabled (LD) elementary students. The study replicated and extended the Cunningham and Stanovich (1990) study. Forty-eight primary-grade students (24 non-learning disabled; 24 learning disabled) received spelling training under three experimental conditions that involved different types of instructional activity: writing, sorting letter tiles, or typing on the computer. Results indicated no significant differences between the LD and NLD groups on words spelled correctly for any of the three conditions. Since the number of spelling words learned was low across conditions and groups, the number of correctly learned bigrams was examined. No within-group differences emerged for condition (writing, tile, computer); however, significant differences between the groups were found on number of bigrams learned for writing, tile, and computer, with the NLD group outperforming the LD group on all three conditions. Statistically significant time effects for bigrams were also noted for all three conditions. Unlike the Cunningham and Stanovich (1990) study, results did not replicate the superiority of the handwriting condition for the NLD group, nor was the handwriting condition found to be significantly more effective for the LD group.
Disruption of hierarchical predictive coding during sleep

Significance Sleeping disrupts the conscious awareness of external sounds. We investigated the stage of processing at which this disruption occurs. In the awake brain, when a regular sequence of sounds is presented, a hierarchy of brain areas uses the available regularities to predict forthcoming sounds and to respond with a series of “prediction error” signals when these predictions are violated. Using simultaneous recordings of electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography signals, we discovered that both short-term and long-term brain responses to auditory prediction errors are disrupted during non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep; however, the brain still exhibits detectable auditory responses and a capacity to habituate to frequently repeated sounds. Thus, sleep appears to selectively affect the brain’s prediction and error detection systems. When presented with an auditory sequence, the brain acts as a predictive-coding device that extracts regularities in the transition probabilities between sounds and detects unexpected deviations from these regularities. Does such prediction require conscious vigilance, or does it continue to unfold automatically in the sleeping brain? The mismatch negativity and P300 components of the auditory event-related potential, reflecting two steps of auditory novelty detection, have been inconsistently observed in the various sleep stages. To clarify whether these steps remain during sleep, we recorded simultaneous electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic signals during wakefulness and during sleep in normal subjects listening to a hierarchical auditory paradigm including short-term (local) and long-term (global) regularities. The global response, reflected in the P300, vanished during sleep, in line with the hypothesis that it is a correlate of high-level conscious error detection. The local mismatch response remained across all sleep stages (N1, N2, and REM sleep), but with an incomplete structure; compared with wakefulness, a specific peak reflecting prediction error vanished during sleep. Those results indicate that sleep leaves initial auditory processing and passive sensory response adaptation intact, but specifically disrupts both short-term and long-term auditory predictive coding.
Silica immobilization of Geobacter sulfurreducens for constructing ready‐to‐use artificial bioelectrodes

Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) rely on the control of interactions between microorganisms and electronic devices, enabling to transform chemical energy into electricity. We report a new approach to construct ready‐to‐use artificial bioelectrodes by immobilizing Geobacter sulfurreducens cells in composite materials associating silica gel and carbon felt fibres. Viability test confirmed that the majority of bacteria (ca. 70 ± 5%) survived the encapsulation process in silica and that cell density did not increase in 96 h. The double entrapment within the silica–carbon composite prevented bacterial release from the electrode but allowed a suitable mass transport (ca. 5 min after electron donor pulse), making the electrochemical characterization of the system possible. The artificial bioelectrodes were evaluated in three‐electrode reactors and the maximum current displayed was ca. 220 and 150 μA cm−3 using acetate and lactate as electron donors respectively. Cyclic voltammetry of acetate‐fed bioelectrodes revealed a sigmoidal catalytic oxidation wave, typical of more advanced‐stage biofilms. The presence of G. sulfurreducens within composites was ascertained by SEM analysis, suggesting that only part of the bacterial population was in direct contact with the carbon fibres. Preliminary analyses of the transcriptomic response of immobilized G. sulfurreducens enlightened that encapsulation mainly induces an osmotic stress to the cells. Therefore, ready‐to‐use artificial bioelectrodes represent a versatile time‐ and cost‐saving strategy for microbial electrochemical systems.
Faculty advising examined: Enhancing the potential of college faculty as advisors.

About the Editor. About the Contributors. National Academic Advising Association Endorsement. American Association for Higher Education Endorsement. Preface. Acknowledgments. 1 Advising as teaching (Gary L. Kramer, Brigham Young University). 2 Faculty Advising: Practice and Promise (Wesley R. Habley, ACT). 3 The Importance of Faculty Advising: A CEO and CAO Perspective (Robert E. Glennen, Emporia State University). 4 Expectations and Training of Faculty Advisors (Faye Vowell & Phillip J. Farren, Western New Mexico University). 5 The Role of Evaluation and Reward in Faculty Advising (Victoria A. McGillin, Wheaton College). 6 Organizational Models and Delivery Systems for Faculty Advising (Margaret C. King, Schenectady County Community College). 7 Managing and Leading Faculty Advising to Promote Success (David H. Goldenberg, University of Hartford & Steve B. Permuth, University of South Florida). 8 Resources to Improve Faculty Advising on Campus (Betsy McCalla-Wriggins, Rowan University). 9 Outstanding Faculty Advising Programs: Strategies That Work (Franklin P. Wilbur, Syracuse University). 10 Evolution and Examination: Philosophical and Cultural Foundations for Faculty Advising (Susan H. Frost & Karen E. Brown-Wheeler, Emory University). 11 Practical Legal Concepts for Faculty Advising (Wesley R. Habley, ACT). 12 Faculty Advising and Technology (Eric R. White and Michael J. Leonard). Bibliography. Index.
A construção social dos papéis sexuais femininos

This review is an attempt to provide a holistic, but by no means exhaustive, picture of gender roles in Brazil. We begin by tracing the historical-political role of women from colonial Brazil through the modern womens movement, highlighting three current issues: family planning, child care, and violence against women. Next, we examine the cultural norms of machismo and marianismo. Finally, we discuss the strides women have made in Brazil in the last decade (since the Consitution of 1988), calling attention to one issue that has been largely ignored: sexual harassment.
Developing glocally informed diversity and equity discourses: examining inequity via autobiographical reflection

This study responds to the need for glocally informed discourses on diversity and equity that draw upon internationally situated, local narratives to contribute to larger analyses. Such work is vital so that cross-national educational discourses do not become infused with PISA score comparisons or globally dominant perspectives alone. This local qualitative case study employs narrative inquiry with observation and document analyses to examine one accomplished multicultural teacher educator’s US-based practice. This study demonstrates the benefit of engaging teachers in autobiographical reflection as a supportive precursor for appreciating and learning from students’ diverse backgrounds, and critically analyzing societal inequities, such as the institutionalized use of inaccurate or incomplete text-based narratives. Promising practices are offered for how teacher educators across international settings might help teachers to navigate complex personal and institutional spaces while working to ‘reconstruct society toward greater equity in race, class, gender, and disability’.