Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of tracheostomy and laryngectomy airway emergencies

Adult tracheostomy and laryngectomy airway emergencies are uncommon, but do lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The National Tracheostomy Safety Project incorporates key stakeholder groups with multi‐disciplinary expertise in airway management. , the Intensive Care Society, the Royal College of Anaesthetists, ENT UK, the British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, the College of Emergency Medicine, the Resuscitation Council (UK) the Royal College of Nursing, the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Respiratory Care and the National Patient Safety Agency. Resources and emergency algorithms were developed by consensus, taking into account existing guidelines, evidence and experiences. The stakeholder groups reviewed draft emergency algorithms and feedback was also received from open peer review. The final algorithms describe a universal approach to managing such emergencies and are designed to be followed by first responders. The project aims to improve the management of tracheostomy and laryngectomy critical incidents.
Impact of fasting plasma glucose levels on gastric cancer incidence in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama study.

OBJECTIVE Several studies have shown associations between diabetes and various types of cancer other than gastric cancer. The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the impact of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels on gastric cancer occurrence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 2,466 Japanese subjects aged > or =40 years were stratified into three groups according to FPG tertiles (<5.3 mmol/l, low FPG; 5.3-5.8 mmol/l, modest FPG; >5.8 mmol/l, high FPG) and followed up prospectively for 9 years. RESULTS During the follow-up, 66 subjects experienced gastric cancer. In men, the age-adjusted incidences were significantly higher in the modest-FPG (7.0 per 1,000 person-years, P < 0.05) and high-FPG (7.2, P < 0.05) groups than in the low-FPG group (2.2). In women, the high-FPG group also had a significantly higher age-adjusted incidence of gastric cancer compared with the low-FPG group (2.5 vs. 0.8, P < 0.05). The multivariate analysis with Cox's proportional hazards model revealed that the risks of gastric cancer in the modest-FPG (relative risk [RR] 2.3 [95% CI 1.1-5.0]) and high-FPG (3.1 [1.5-6.4]) groups were significantly higher than that in the low-FPG group, even after adjusting for other comprehensive risk factors, including Helicobacter pylori status, smoking, and dietary factors. However, this FPG-cancer association was observed only among H. pylori-seropositive subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a modest increase in FPG is a risk factor for gastric cancer and that hyperglycemia is a possible cofactor increasing the risk posed by Helicobacter pylori infection.
A New Model for the Evolution of Light Elements in an Inhomogeneous Galactic Halo

We present predictions of the evolution of the light elements, Li, Be, and B, in the early epochs of the Galactic halo, using a model of supernova-induced chemical evolution based on contributions from supernovae (SNe) and cosmic rays (CRs), as recently proposed by Tsujimoto et al. and Suzuki et al. This model has the great advantage of treating various elements self-consistently, even under inhomogeneous conditions, as might arise from stochastic star formation processes triggered by SN explosions. The most important prediction from our model is that the abundances of light elements in extremely metal-poor stars might be used as age indicators in the very early stages of an evolving halo population, at times when the abundances of heavy elements ("metallicity") in most stars are dominated by local metal enrichment due to nearby SN events, and is poorly correlated with age. Plots of the expected frequency distribution of stars in the age versus elemental abundance diagram show that the best "cosmic clock" is the 6Li abundance. We have derived relationships among various cosmic-ray parameters such as energy input to CRs by SNe, the spectral shape of the CRs, and the chemical composition in CRs, and find that we can reproduce very well recent observations of 6Li, Be, and B in metal-poor stars. Although our model is successful for certain sets of cosmic-ray parameters, larger energy should be absorbed by energetic particles from each SN than required to the current situation of Galactic disk. We discuss an alternative hypothesis of active galactic nuclei activity in the early Galaxy as another possible accelerator of CRs.
A Computer‐Based Model for the Regulation of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Activation

Abstract Computer simulations and mathematical modeling of biological processes are becoming increasingly popular, and yet the complexity of the biochemical systems or the differences between experimental setups make it very difficult to establish a standard formula for these modeling projects. Before we can start using computer‐based models for predictions or targeted experiment designs, it is very important to establish a reliable model on which those predictions can be based and experimentally tested. Here we attempt to present a computer model for the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade which is consistent with previously published experimental results. In this study we have focused our attention to a generic MAPK ERK (extracellular signal‐regulated kinase) pathway activated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in an attempt to understand how receptors may achieve different activation kinetics of the MAPK signaling. We successfully show that the level of receptor expression is one key determinant in this regulation, and that the binding affinity of the active receptor to adaptor proteins can have a small but albeit direct effect on the downstream activation.
A Four-Way Microstrip Filtering Power Divider With Frequency-Dependent Couplings

A four-way microstrip power divider is designed with bandpass filtering response. The synthesized inline filter has a generalized Chebyshev response, where frequency-dependent couplings are utilized. All of the critical parameters, including the characteristic impedances and electrical lengths, can be determined by our derived closed-form formulas. By extending the inline filter, the configuration of four-way power divider is obtained. Then, three isolation resistors are properly selected according to the even-/odd-mode analysis. The proposed four-way filtering power divider has low in-band insertion loss and high frequency selectivity. It can provide the in-band return loss and isolation between outputs better than 16.7 and 17.5 dB, respectively .
The Visual Orbit and Evolutionary State of 12 Bootis

We report on the determination of the visual orbit of the double-lined spectroscopic binary system 12 Bootis with data obtained by the Palomar Testbed Interferometer in 1998 and 1999. 12 Boo is a nearly equal-mass double-lined binary system whose spectroscopic orbit is well known. We have estimated the visual orbit of 12 Boo from our interferometric visibility data fitted both separately and in conjunction with archival and CORAVEL radial velocity data. Our 12 Boo orbit is in good agreement with the spectroscopic results, and the physical parameters implied by a combined fit to our visibility data and radial velocity data result in precise component masses. In particular, the orbital parallax of the system is determined to be 27.09 ± 0.41 mas, and masses of the two components are determined to be 1.435 ± 0.023 M☉ and 1.409 ± 0.020 M☉, respectively. Somewhat remarkably, even though the two components are nearly equal mass, the system exhibits a significant brightness difference between the components in the near-infrared and visible. We attribute this brightness difference to evolutionary differences between the two components in their transition between main-sequence and giant evolutionary phases, and based on theoretical isochrones we can estimate a system age. Further, because the atmospheres of the two components are becoming more convective, we suggest the system components are currently at or near synchronous rotation, and the system orbit is in the process of circularizing.
The Motivational Salience of Faces Is Related to Both Their Valence and Dominance

Both behavioral and neural measures of the motivational salience of faces are positively correlated with their physical attractiveness. Whether physical characteristics other than attractiveness contribute to the motivational salience of faces is not known, however. Research with male macaques recently showed that more dominant macaques’ faces hold greater motivational salience. Here we investigated whether dominance also contributes to the motivational salience of faces in human participants. Principal component analysis of third-party ratings of faces for multiple traits revealed two orthogonal components. The first component (“valence”) was highly correlated with rated trustworthiness and attractiveness. The second component (“dominance”) was highly correlated with rated dominance and aggressiveness. Importantly, both components were positively and independently related to the motivational salience of faces, as assessed from responses on a standard key-press task. These results show that at least two dissociable components underpin the motivational salience of faces in humans and present new evidence for similarities in how humans and non-human primates respond to facial cues of dominance.
Clairvoyant embedding in one dimension

Let v, w be infinite 0‐1 sequences, and m˜ a positive integer. We say that w is m˜ ‐embeddable in v , if there exists an increasing sequence (ni:i≥0) of integers with n0=0 , such that 1≤ni−ni−1≤m˜ , w(i)=v(ni) for all i≥1 . Let X and Y be coin‐tossing sequences. We will show that there is an m˜ with the property that Y is m˜ ‐embeddable into X with positive probability. This answers a question that was open for a while. The proof generalizes somewhat the hierarchical method of an earlier paper of the author on dependent percolation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 47, 520–560, 2015
Effective bounds from ineffective proofs in analysis: An application of functional interpretation and majorization

Abstract We show how to extract effective bounds Φ for ⋀u1⋀v ≤ytu⋁wηG0-sentences which depend on u only (i.e. ⋀u⋀v ≤y, tu⋁w ≤η ΦuG0) from arithmetical proofs which use analytical assumptions of the form (ϒ, δ, ρ, and τ are arbitrary finite types, η ≤ 2, G0 and F0 are quantifier-free, and s and t are closed terms). If τ ≤ 2, (*) can be weakened to This is used to establish new conservation results about weak Konig's lemma. Applications to proofs in classical analysis, especially uniqueness proofs in approximation theory, will be given in subsequent papers.
Deletion discussions in Wikipedia: decision factors and outcomes

Deletion of articles is a common process in Wikipedia, in order to ensure the overall quality of the encyclopedia. Yet, there is a need to better understand the procedures in order to promote the best decisions without unnecessary community work. In this paper, we study deletion in Wikipedia, drawing from factor analysis, and taking an in-depth, content-analysis-based approach. We address three research questions: First, what factors contribute to the decision about whether to delete a given article? Second, when multiple factors are given, what is the relative importance of those factors? Third, what are the outcomes of deletion discussions, both for articles and for the community? We find that multiple factors contribute to the assessment of an article, and we discuss their relative frequency. Further, we show how the assessment timeline focuses attention on improving borderline articles that have the potential to meet Wikipedia's content inclusion policies, and we highlight the role of novice contributors in this improvement process.
Finding the Energy Efficient Curve: Gate Sizing for Minimum Power under Delay Constraints

A design scenario examined in this paper assumes that a circuit has been designed initially for high speed, and it is redesigned for low power by downsizing of the gates. In recent years, as power consumption has become a dominant issue, new optimizations of circuits are required for saving energy. This is done by trading off some speed in exchange for reduced power. For each feasible speed, an optimization problem is solved in this paper, finding new sizes for the gates such that the circuit satisfies the speed goal while dissipating minimal power. Energy/delay gain (EDG) is defined as a metric to quantify the most efficient tradeoff. The EDG of the circuit is evaluated for a range of reduced circuit speeds, and the power-optimal gate sizes are compared with the initial sizes. Most of the energy savings occur at the final stages of the circuits, while the largest relative downsizing occurs in middle stages. Typical tapering factors for power efficient circuits are larger than those for speed-optimal circuits. Signal activity and signal probability affect the optimal gate sizes in the combined optimization of speed and power.
A network model of channel competition in fracture dissolution

During dissolution in porous or fractured rock, a positive feedback between fluid transport and chemical reactions at the mineral surfaces may lead to the formation of pronounced, wormhole‐like channels. As the dissolution proceeds the channels interact, competing for the available flow, and eventually the growth of the shorter ones ceases. Thus the number of channels decreases with time while the characteristic distance between them increases, which leads to a scale‐invariant, power‐law distribution of channel lengths. A simple resistor network model of the evolution of dissolving channels is constructed and its properties studied. The results are compared with pore‐scale simulations of fracture dissolution using a microscopic, three‐dimensional numerical model. Despite its simplicity, the resistor model is found to retain the essential features of the nonlinear interaction between the channels.
The quest for lower alcoholic wines

Wine industry is engaged in finding technological ways to decrease alcohol concentration in wines without spoiling their organoleptic properties. Such challenge requires, among other strategies, modification of the yeast strains carrying out the fermentation. In this issue of Microb. Biotechnol. , Goold and colleagues have reviewed one of the most straightforward yeast modification, altering its metabolism to produce glycerol instead of alcohol.
Technology-enhanced learning in coaching: a review of literature

Abstract The purpose of this review was to address the central theme of technology-enhanced learning (TEL) in coaching. “Technology-enhanced learning” (TEL), has become a widely-accepted term for describing the interface between digital technology and teaching. The aim was to consider the evidence of TEL in coach education, and where appropriate the wider educational field. The review sought to contribute to an evidence base of suggestions that can be promoted and developed inside and outside of coach development structures and interventions for TEL. In addition, the review sought to outline future areas for research, and to stimulate debate about the implementation and effectiveness of technology-enhanced coach learning. The review utilised a critical methodology, using principles of systematic review to gather evidence pertaining to TEL in coaching. From this number, and considering the inclusion criteria, 64 articles were included and reviewed in detail. The review revealed how despite the use of technology in coaching, teaching and learning the evidence of their efficacy is weak, and the use of TEL in coaching requires further longitudinal research that considers learner, pedagogy and pedagogic design in context, in order to understand its potential impact on optimising coach development pedagogies, and therefore, contributing to a discourse of effective coach learning.
EFL
 Teacher Development Facilitated by Lesson Study: A Chinese Perspective

of grade retention on academic performance and behavioral development. Development and Psychopathology, 13(2), 297–315. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0954579401002061 Penfield, R. D. (2010). Test-based grade retention: Does it stand up to professional standards for fair and appropriate test use? Educational Researcher, 39(2), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X10363007 Robb, L. (2011). The myth of learn to read/read to learn. Scholastic Instructor. Available at http://www.scholastic. com/teachers/article/myth-learn-readreadlearn Schwerdt, G. , West, M. R. , & Winters, M. A. (2017). The effects of test-based retention on student outcomes over time: Regression discontinuity evidence from Florida. Journal of Public Economics, 152, 154–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpu beco.2017. 06.004 Weyer, M. (2018, June). A look at third-grade reading retention policies. LegisBrief, 26(21). Available at http://www.ncsl. org/documents/legisbriefs/2018/june/ LBJune2018_A_Look_at_Third_Grade_Reading_Retention_Policies_goID32459. pdf Winters, M. A. (2012). Florida defeats the skeptics: Test scores show genuine progress in the Sunshine State. Education Next, 12(4), 64–67. Available at http:// educationnext.org/files/ednext_20124_winters. pdf
Capacity Characterization for State-Dependent Gaussian Channel With a Helper

The state-dependent point-to-point Gaussian channel with a helper is first studied, in which a transmitter communicates with a receiver via a state-corrupted channel. The state is not known to the transmitter nor to the receiver, but known to a helper noncausally, which then wishes to assist the receiver to cancel the state. Differently from the previous work that characterized the capacity only in the infinite state power regime, this paper explores the general case with arbitrary state power. A lower bound on the capacity is derived based on an achievable scheme that integrates direct state subtraction and single-bin dirty paper coding. By analyzing this lower bound and further comparing it with the existing upper bounds, the capacity of the channel is characterized for a wide range of channel parameters. Such an idea of characterizing the capacity is further extended to study the two-user state-dependent multiple access channel with a helper. By comparing the derived inner and outer bounds, the channel parameters are partitioned into appropriate cases, and for each case, either segments on the capacity region boundary or the full capacity region are characterized.
Retrieving and Modifying Traumatic Memories: Recent Research Relevant to Three Controversies

The purpose of this article is to review recent research that is relevant to three controversies concerning memory for trauma. First, we briefly review the debate about recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse, summarizing a third interpretation distinct from both the repression and false-memory accounts. Second, we address new findings related to claims that memories of trauma, especially in people with posttraumatic stress disorder, are especially fragmented and disorganized. Third, we discuss research designed to test whether eye movements in eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy are effective.
The first order absolute moment in low-level image processing

The first order absolute moment provides a ridge map similar to the one provided by the GoG (gradient of Gaussian) filter. However, unlike the GoG filter, the first order absolute moment provides ridges at both edges and lines and gives rise to local extrema of the ridges at line endings, corners and junctions. Furthermore, a class of filters is obtained by introducing three low-pass filters at three different stages of the original filter. A thresholding procedure and the zero-crossing maps of an equivalent LoG (Laplacian of Gaussian) filter are obtained by combining the recovered edge information.
Predictors of Antenatal Care, Skilled Birth Attendance, and Postnatal Care Utilization among the Remote and Poorest Rural Communities of Zambia: A Multilevel Analysis

Objective Optimal utilization of maternal health-care services is associated with reduction of mortality and morbidity for both mothers and their neonates. However, deficiencies and disparity in the use of key maternal health services within most developing countries still persist. We examined patterns and predictors associated with the utilization of specific indicators for maternal health services among mothers living in the poorest and remote district populations of Zambia. Methods A cross-sectional baseline household survey was conducted in May 2012. A total of 551 mothers with children between the ages 0 and 5 months were sampled from 29 catchment areas in four rural and remote districts of Zambia using the lot quality assurance sampling method. Using multilevel modeling, we accounted for individual- and community-level factors associated with utilization of maternal health-care services, with a focus on antenatal care (ANC), skilled birth attendance (SBA), and postnatal care (PNC). Results Utilization rates of focused ANC, SBA, and PNC within 48 h were 30, 37, and 28%, respectively. The mother’s ability to take an HIV test and receiving test results and uptake of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria were positive predictors of focused ANC. Receiving ANC at least once from skilled personnel was a significant predictor of SBA and PNC within 48 h after delivery. Women who live in centralized rural areas were more likely to use SBA than those living in remote rural areas. Conclusion Utilization of maternal health services by mothers living among the remote and poor marginalized populations of Zambia is much lower than the national averages. Finding that women that receive ANC once from a skilled attendant among the remote and poorest populations are more likely to have a SBA and PNC, suggests the importance of contact with a skilled health worker even if it is just once, in influencing use of services. Therefore, it appears that in order for women in these marginalized communities to benefit from SBA and PNC, it is important for them to have at least one ANC provided by a skilled personnel, rather than non-skilled health-care providers.
The Analysis Of Elliptical Construction In The Transporter Refueled Movie: Discourse Approach

ABSTRACT This research is about the analysis of elliptical construction found in The Transporter Refueled movie. The objectives are 1) To derive the types of elliptical construction that are found in The Transporter Refueled movie, 2) To explain the context and reason of elliptical construction that are found in The Transpoerter Refueled movie. In this research, the writer uses a descriptive qualitative research as the type of the research. The data are utterances that contain elliptical construction found in The Trasnporter Refueled movie. The writer applies observation and document analysis method in order to collect the data. Based on the result of the data analysis, the writer analyzes 41 utterances that contain elliptical construction found in The Transporter Refueled movie. From the analysis, the writer found that 1) There are three types of ellipsis found in The Transporter Refueled movie, that are nominal ellipsis, verbal ellipsis, and clausal ellipsis, 2) There are three types of context found in The Transporter Refueled movie, that are situational context, background knowledge context, and co-textual context. As the result, there will be many verbal ellipsis found in The Transporter Refueled movie. Besides, there are also identified nominal ellipsis and clausal ellipsis. Keywords:cohesion, nominal ellipsis, verbal ellipsis, clausal ellipsis