Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gendered vulnerabilities to a neglected disease: A comparative investigation of the effect of women’s legal economic rights and social status on malaria rates

Although seldom noted in scholarly accounts, malaria represents a leading cause of death and underdevelopment in poor nations. Enormous cross-national variation in malaria rates across its endemic zones suggests the importance of large-scale factors in explaining comparative disease trends. While the biological vulnerability of women and children to malaria is often acknowledged, the literature has yet to investigate how gender inequalities contribute to patterns of malaria prevalence. Utilizing structural equation modeling on a sample of 90 less-developed nations and engaging insights from gender stratification perspectives, we consider the influence of both legal economic status and social dimensions of women’s status on malaria rates. We find that women’s legal economic status has an indirect relationship on malaria rates by enhancing women’s social standing and strengthening general health provisions. The results suggest that addressing issues of gender inequality in poor nations is central to tackling this persistent pandemic.
THE LOW LEVEL OF DEBRIS DISK ACTIVITY AT THE TIME OF THE LATE HEAVY BOMBARDMENT: A SPITZER STUDY OF PRAESEPE

We present 24 μm photometry of the intermediate-age open cluster Praesepe. We assemble a catalog of 193 probable cluster members that are detected in optical databases, the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), and at 24 μm, within an area of ∼2.47 deg2. Mid-IR excesses indicating debris disks are found for one early-type and for three solar-type stars. Corrections for sampling statistics yield a 24 μm excess fraction (debris disk fraction) of 6.5% ± 4.1% for luminous and 1.9% ± 1.2% for solar-type stars. The incidence of excesses is in agreement with the decay trend of debris disks as a function of age observed for other cluster and field stars. The values also agree with those for older stars, indicating that debris generation in the zones that emit at 24 μm falls to the older 1–10 Gyr field star sample value by roughly 750 Myr. We discuss our results in the context of previous observations of excess fractions for early- and solar-type stars. We show that solar-type stars lose their debris disk 24 μm excesses on a shorter timescale than early-type stars. Simplistic Monte Carlo models suggest that, during the first Gyr of their evolution, up to 15%–30% of solar-type stars might undergo an orbital realignment of giant planets such as the one thought to have led to the Late Heavy Bombardment, if the length of the bombardment episode is similar to the one thought to have happened in our solar system. In the Appendix, we determine the cluster's parameters via bootstrap Monte Carlo isochrone fitting, yielding an age of 757 Myr (±36 Myr at 1σ confidence) and a distance of 179 pc (±2 pc at 1σ confidence), not allowing for systematic errors.
Relatives of psychiatric inpatients – do physical violence and suicide attempts of patients influence family burden and participation in care?

A common concern of psychiatric patients’ relatives is that patients might be a danger to themselves or others. The aim of this study was to investigate family burden and relatives’ participation in care in relation to physical violence towards others and suicide attempts by psychiatric inpatients before admission. Information concerning violence and suicide attempts by the patients prior to admission was collected from the medical records of 155 acutely voluntarily and involuntarily admitted psychiatric inpatients. Relatives were interviewed a month after admission, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Violence towards other persons and suicide attempts were recorded in 16% and 17% of the cases, respectively. There were no differences between relatives of patients who had been violent and other relatives regarding burden and participation in care. Relatives of patients with suicide attempts more often stated they had been prevented from having own company, worried about suicide attempts by the patient, had mental health problems of their own, and had own need for care and support. It was concluded that violence of acutely admitted psychiatric patients, targeted at other people, was not associated with burden of family, but the results corroborate the need for psychiatric services to involve and support relatives of psychiatric patients with suicidal behaviour.
Pruning the Volterra Series for Behavioral Modeling of Power Amplifiers Using Physical Knowledge

This paper presents an efficient and effective approach to pruning the Volterra series for behavioral modeling of RF and microwave power amplifiers. Rather than adopting a pure "black-box" approach, this model pruning technique is derived from a physically meaningful block model, which has a clear linkage to the underlying physical behavior of the device. This allows all essential physical properties of the PA to be retained, but significantly reduces model complexity by removing unnecessary coefficients from the general Volterra series. A reduced-order model of this kind can be easily extracted from standard time/frequency-domain measurements or simulations, and may be simply implemented in system-level simulators. A complete physical analysis and a systematic derivation are presented, together with both computer simulations and experimental validations
User needs in the performance of prescribed home exercise therapy

Musculoskeletal disorders are a globally significant health problem affecting millions. Physiotherapy, including prescribed exercises performed independently by patients in their homes, is a key treatment for many sufferers. However, many fail to complete home exercises, prolonging recovery periods or accelerating decline. Pervasive health technologies, capable of monitoring users in their homes, are ideally suited to address this problem. This paper describes user research with a group of three physiotherapists and eleven current physiotherapy patients to understand the problems and user needs underlying non-compliance with home exercise regimes. The user research adopted a speed dating approach and culminated with recommendations relating to the design of feedback, scheduling systems and privacy.
Denominal Verbs in Ojibwe

This paper argues that denominal verb formation in Ojibwe is similar to nominal incorporation: a complex nominal (containing inflectional and derivational affixes) incorporates into a verb. This process differs from denominalization in languages such as English where denominal verbs are the result of the concatenation of derivational affixes and nouns that are simple roots. This paper contributes to ongoing discussion on the composition of words in polysynthetic languages, the nature of nominal incorporation, and the relationship between morphology and syntax. [KEYWORDS: denominal verbs, nominal incorporation, Ojibwe, Algonquian]
Video Cultures: Television Sociology in the “New TV” Age

We argue that the most significant and influential research on television over the past five decades positions the medium as a key site for addressing the complex interrelationship between culture and institutional/organizational power. Granting that such work is theoretically and methodologically diverse, we employ an organizational frame that groups political-economic approaches on the one hand and cultural approaches on the other. Political-economic approaches largely attend to issues of power at a macro level, focusing on how ownership and control of television along with the organization of television production practices shape and influence content; cultural approaches focus more on the expressive and symbolic dimensions of television programming and reception. At the same time, contemporary changes in the medium threaten to make past research on television appear quaint and anachronistic. The industry's transformation of television into continually emerging sets of multifaceted digital-interactive .
Determinant Behavioural Factors for Cassava Consumption among Adultsin Southern Zambia

Objective: To evaluate behavioral factors those significantly determine intentions to consume cassava among adults in southern Zambia. Design: A cross-sectional study with a multistage design based on the theory of planned behavior and health belief models. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire targeting heads of households between February and April, 2008. Setting: The study was performed in three fragile food-deficit prone districts of Kalomo, Siavonga, and Namwala located in southern Zambia. Participants: A total of 298 (150 males and 148 females) heads of households aged between 15 and 49 years were interviewed from the initially 304 that were selected proportional to district population sizes. Main outcome measures: Same variables explained cassava consumption behavior intention in all three districts and among both male and female respondents. Possessing knowledge and an understanding of the health value of cassava were the best predictors for intention to consume cassava. Conclusion: To effectively promote cassava consumption, nutrition education should focus on increasing the knowledge levels of the adult population. This knowledge should be on the health values of cassava.
Randomized comparison of extraperitoneal and transperitoneal access for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

PURPOSE Although extraperitoneal robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is gaining popularity, the majority of these procedures are performed transperitoneally. The purpose of this study was to compare the transperitoneal and extraperitoneal approaches for RARP. PATIENTS AND METHODS We randomized 62 consecutive patients undergoing RARP into two equal groups according to the route of access. The groups were evaluated for age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentration, total operating time, estimated blood loss, specimen weight, pathologic Gleason score and stage, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and surgical-margin status. RESULTS No significant differences were noted the extraperitoneal and transperitoneal groups with respect total operative time (181 v 191 minutes), blood loss (199 v 163 mL), pathologic Gleason score (6.6 v 6.7), specimen weight (53 v 48 g), or positive-margin status (0 v 1 patient). There were no significant differences in age (56 v 59 years) or PSA (7.8 v 6.1 ng/dL). However, the BMI was significantly higher in the extraperitoneal group (29.8 v 26.5 kg/m(2); P < 0.01). The only complication in the study was a urine leak, which occurred in the transperitoneal group and was managed conservatively. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences in operative parameters in the two groups. Choice of access should be based on patient characteristics as well as surgeon preference. Patients who have had abdominal operations are best suited for the extraperitoneal route. Surgeons should be familiar with both approaches in order to provide patients with the best care.
PRIMARY CUTANEOUS HISTOPLASMOSIS. REPORT OF A CASE.

Histoplasmosis was considered a rare and always fatal disease for many years after it was first described by Darling in 1906. However, recent epidemiological studies in the United States have revealed that in some states in the endemic area 60% to 70% of males aged 17 through 21 years have been infected with Histoplasma capsulatum . 1 The respiratory tract is the usual portal of entry of the fungus with the primary lesion occurring in the lungs. 2 Cases of histoplasmosis having skin lesions have been reported, but the skin lesions were usually the result of dissemination of the infection. 3,4 The purpose of this paper is to report a case of primary cutaneous histoplasmosis which resulted from direct inoculation of the fungus through the skin. Report of Case On Jan 12, 1959, a 32-year-old white male who had recently moved into the endemic area for histoplasmosis assisted with an autopsy
Validating a brief measure of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory

Zimbardo and Boyd (1999) developed the 56-item Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI). It has become the leading measure used in the study of subjective time. In this article, we report an abbreviated ZTPI that only includes 15 total items (SZTPI-15). We tested the psychometric characteristics of the SZTPI-15 by focusing on: (a) convergent and discriminant validity, (b) external validity, (c) test–retest reliability and (d) self-peer ratings. On the basis of these tests, the results demonstrated that the short version was less reliable than the standard ZTPI but showed impressive psychometric convergence with the standard ZTPI.
Inhibition of Recall Responses through Complementary Therapies Targeting CD8+ T-Cell- and Alloantibody-Dependent Allocytotoxicity in Sensitized Transplant Recipients

Allospecific T memory cell responses in transplant recipients arise from environmental exposure to previous transplantation or cross-reactive heterologous immunity. Unfortunately, these memory responses pose a significant barrier to the survival of transplanted tissue. We have previously reported that concurrent inhibition of CD154 and LFA-1 suppresses primary CD8-dependent rejection responses that are not controlled by conventional immunosuppressive strategies. We hypothesized that CD154- and LFA-1-mediated inhibition, by targeting activation as well as effector functions, may also be efficacious for the control of alloreactive CD8+ T-cell responses in sensitized hosts. We found that treatment with anti-LFA-1 mAb alone enhanced transplant survival and reduced CD8-mediated cytotoxicity in sensitized CD4 KO recipients. However, treatment with anti-CD154 mAb alone did not have an effect. Notably, when both CD4- and CD8-dependent rejection pathways are operative (wild-type sensitized recipients), LFA-1 significantly inhibited CD8-mediated in vivo allocytotoxicity but did not correspond with enhanced hepatocyte survival. We hypothesized that this was due to alloantibody-mediated rejection. When anti-LFA-1 mAb treatment was combined with macrophage depletion, which we have previously reported impairs alloantibody-mediated parenchymal cell damage, in vivo cytotoxic effector function was significantly decreased and was accompanied by significant enhancement of hepatocyte survival in sensitized wild-type recipients. Therefore, LFA-1 is a potent therapeutic target for reduction of CD8-mediated cytotoxicity in sensitized transplant recipients and can be combined with other treatments that target non-CD8-mediated recall alloimmunity.
Jet and Net: A Comparison of Native-Speaking English Teachers Schemes in Japan and Hong Kong.

Both Japan and Hong Kong seek to enhance the English standard of their secondary school students by implementing a native-speaking English teachers scheme, named the JET (Japan Exchange and Teaching) Programme in Japan and the NET (Native-speaking English Teachers) Scheme in Hong Kong. However, the implications of these programmes seem to be sociopolitical more than educational. As for Japan, JET is a consequence of an explicit political strategy to promote international relationships. The Japanese Government is keen to bring up a generation that is able to understand other countries yet retain Japanese national consciousness. On the surface, the Hong Kong NET Scheme seems to be a more straightforward language improvement programme. However, the Japanese experience suggests another level of analysis. The Hong Kong Government is never as explicit as Japan as to what it wants to achieve through the NET Scheme. Though NET is claimed to be a language improvement scheme, there is no evidence to show how effect.
A Model of Public Response to Marketplace Advocacy

The proposed model of public response to marketplace advocacy accounted for approximately 80% of variance in attitude toward a campaign promoting the coal industry. Marketplace advocacy is used by corporate interests to generate support for risk-related products, and the findings indicate trust in the message sponsor and perceptions of industry accountability are key to lay audiences' negotiation of these messages. Perceptions of trust and accountability led to favorable persuasion coping outcomes for the sponsor—identification with positive message themes and favorable evaluation of the information in the message—which in turn led to positive attitudes toward the campaign.
Supporting the 7th-Year Undergraduate

Administrators at 4-year, public institutions of higher education commonly negotiate a balance between the oft-competing goals of access and excellence. This is heightened within minority–majority campuses, such as Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs), serving substantial numbers of first-generation degree seekers and low-income students. Administrators are obliged to support the needs of a “non-traditional” student body, while they are simultaneously and increasingly called to innovate and support efforts to leverage institutional prestige and ranking. This article describes the case of an associate dean who attempts to advise a 7th-year undergraduate. Drawing from the insights of the student’s tumultuous baccalaureate pathway, the contributions of a colleague advising students with similar challenges, as well as the demonstrated best practices of other HSIs, the administrator prepares recommendations for the institution’s strategic planning committee.
Consistency errors in p-values reported in Spanish psychology journals.

BACKGROUND Recent reviews have drawn attention to frequent consistency errors when reporting statistical results. METHOD We have reviewed the statistical results reported in 186 articles published in four Spanish psychology journals. Of these articles, 102 contained at least one of the statistics selected for our study: Fisher-F , Student-t and Pearson-c 2 . RESULTS Out of the 1,212 complete statistics reviewed, 12.2% presented a consistency error, meaning that the reported p-value did not correspond to the reported value of the statistic and its degrees of freedom. In 2.3% of the cases, the correct calculation would have led to a different conclusion than the reported one. In terms of articles, 48% included at least one consistency error, and 17.6% would have to change at least one conclusion. In meta-analytical terms, with a focus on effect size, consistency errors can be considered substantial in 9.5% of the cases. CONCLUSION These results imply a need to improve the quality and precision with which statistical results are reported in Spanish psychology journals.
Continuity and change in moral meaning‐making—a transactional approach

In recent years, research within the sociocultural perspective on moral learning has contributed important knowledge about how individuals develop their moral ability by participating in sociocultural activities. To a lesser extent, sociocultural research has focused on the role of individual continuity in these processes. The purpose of this article is to contribute to the progress of the sociocultural perspective by suggesting an approach that allows for an in situ analysis of how individuals' prior experiences take part in the processes of moral meaning‐making, which also takes sociocultural activity into consideration. The philosophical and methodological basis for this approach consists of a combination of Dewey's transactional perspective on meaning‐making and Wittgenstein's first‐person perspective on language use. The article contains an empirical example that illustrates this approach. This analysis shows how prior experiences are re‐actualised in an event and thus participate in the process of moral meaning‐making, as well as contributing to the substance of the meanings made.
Interests, Work Values, and Occupations

This study examined whether a measure of person–environment (P-E) fit predicted worker ratings of work attitudes and supervisor ratings of performance. After combining extant data elements and expert ratings of interest and work value characteristics for each occupation in the O*NET system, the authors generated a “Fit Index”—involving profile correlations between individual interest and work value score profiles and corresponding occupational profiles—for each occupation. The authors then conducted an extensive field study of 503 adult workers and 219 supervisors. The construct validity of the fit scores was supported by the patterns of over 477,000 scores across same, similar, and dissimilar occupations. Results also supported the association of person–occupation fit with desirable work attitudes and outcomes, and the incremental validity of fit when including a measure of integrity. These results add support to the idea that P-E fit can be useful in personnel staffing.
The influence of smartphone addiction on mental health, campus life and personal relations - Focusing on K university students

Since the smartphone was first released in 2009, its common use has made everyday life convenient but caused many social problems. In this article, we surveyed the status of smartphone usage and identified the influence of smartphone addiction on mental health, campus life and personal relations of university students. We gave the methods to prevent smartphone addiction, which could be used as basic materials for solving the problems. We found the smartphone addiction syndrome cause problems of mental health, campus life and personal relations in many ways. In addition to significant direct effects, smartphone addiction has significant indirect effects on personal relations via mental health and campus life as a medium.
Work and retirement in an ageing world: the case of older workers in the UK

One of the key consequences of an ageing world has been to cast research and policy spotlights onto the ‘older workforce’. Approaches have differed between countries, but common supply-oriented initiatives include encouraging people to work longer by removing barriers to entering, or remaining in, work, and providing disincentives to leave work ‘early’, i.e. before or at retirement age. Less attention has been paid to the demand for older workers, although various legislative approaches have prevailed upon employers to adopt fairer employment practices or to manage actively their ageing workforce. Using the case of the United Kingdom as its starting point, this article draws upon an international body of research to appraise critically some of the key contemporary concerns and debates surrounding the employability of older workers, taken here to mean those aged 50 years and over. It questions the extent to which the hold on early retirement is weakening; investigates employers’ practices and attitudes towards older workers; examines trends in age discrimination; and takes into account the often neglected voice in these debates—that of the older workers themselves. The article concludes by considering some implications for current and future attempts to alter the balance between work and the rest of our lives.