Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[A study on the relationship between solvent abusers and alcoholism in the parental generation].

In recent years, attention has been paid to the fact that alcoholism and/or drug addiction runs in families. Few studies have investigated the relationship between solvent abuse in adolescents and alcoholism in their parents. Two hundred and ten solvent abusers who came to Serigaya-en, alcoholism and drug addiction treatment hospital, during from 1983 to 1989, were examined from the following two standpoints. The proportion of solvent abusers with alcoholic parents (A group), what characteristics the solvent abusers in A group had as compared with those whose parents were not alcoholic (NA group). The findings were summarized as follows; 21.4% of the subjects had an alcoholic (FH-RDC) parent. They were approximately two years older than those in the NA group at the first examination. The solvent abusers of the A group presented with: 1) more experiences of parental death and/or separation prior to the age of 15; 2) a higher frequency of school refusal in elementary or junior high school; 3) poorer socioeconomic status; 4) a longer duration of solvent abuse; 5) more abuse of addictive drugs other than solvent; 6) a more severe psychopathology; 7) a higher incidence of chronic organic diseases among their parents; 8) a higher incidence of solvent abuse among their siblings. The present study indicates that: 1) many a solvent abuser come from alcoholic families; 2) parental alcoholism is responsible not only for solvent abuse, but also for the development of addictions, (e.g., prolonged solvent abuse, developing into alcoholism or poly-substance abuse); 3) clinical and socioeconomic deterioration occurs not merely in the individual abusers but also in other family members, especially in the A group. The results lead the author to stress the importance of focusing the therapy upon the family itself.
Megasphaera elsdenii on the performance of steers adapting to a high-concentrate diet, using three or five transition diets.

Megasphaera elsdenii (M.e.) NCIMB 41125 is a robust lactate utilizing strain of M.e . that is effective in minimizing the risk of ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle. When dosed orally, cattle adapt smoothly to increasing concentrates in the diet, the incidence of digestive disturbances, morbidity and mortality is reduced, and carcass yield improves. One could therefore expect that the smooth transition should benefit overall performance. Dosing with the organism also provides the opportunity of a reduction in the time necessary for adaptation, rendering a further decrease in the cost of feeding. These two objectives were tested with 80 yearling crossbred steers blocked by weight before allotment to the respective treatments. The trial design was a randomized 2 × 2 factorial of two drench treatments ( M.e . vs. placebo) and two adaptation periods (17 vs. 8 days). In the M.e . treatment, 40 steers were dosed orally on day 1 of the trial with 200 mL inoculum containing 10 11 cells. In the placebo treatment, the other 40 steers were dosed orally with only the 200 mL inoculum. In the 17-day transition period, five diets (5–transition) were used, which increased progressively in concentrate percentage, whereas in the 8-day transition period only three of the five diets were fed (3–transition). The steers were fed individually for 63 days before being transferred to group pens and fed until day 95, when they were slaughtered. Dry matter intake was not affected by dose or transition treatment. Body weight at 28 days and 63 days did not differ between dose and transition treatments; neither did ADG and FCR. Hot carcass weight was higher in M.e. steers than in placebo steers. None of the parameters differed significantly between the 5–transition and the 3–transition treatments. It was concluded that dosing with M.e . NCIMB 41125 should provide a small benefit to performance of feedlot cattle, with a further benefit in cost savings as dosing with the organism should allow a shorter adaptation period. Keywords: Steers, transition diets, feed intake, body weight, growth, growth, carcass characteristics
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Released from a Platinum Coil with a Polyvinyl Alcohol Core Enhances Cellular Proliferation and Vascular Wall Thickness: An in Vitro and in Vivo Study

OBJECTIVEWe developed a new type of platinum coil that has a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) core to absorb and release various biologically active materials for the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. We evaluated its efficacy as an embolic material with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in an in vitro and in vivo study. METHODSA small PVA thread was inserted into the central space of the primary coil. This coil was named the PVA-core coil. Ten-millimeter segments of the PVA-core coil were used in this study. PVA-core coils were immersed in a bFGF solution for 1 hour. The PVA-core coil, which absorbed bFGF in the PVA-core, was named the FGF-core coil. Initially, the dose of bFGF released from the PVA core into saline was measured by performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the in vitro study, FGF-core coils, PVA-core coils, and unmodified coils were cultured with fibroblasts (NIH3T3), and then their surfaces were observed with electron microscopy. In the in vivo study, each coil was implanted into a rat common carotid artery. The rats were killed, and the arterial lumen was histologically examined at 14 and 28 days after coil implantation. RESULTSBFGF was released from the PVA core into saline within 24 hours by performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Electron microscopic findings demonstrated remarkable cellular adhesion to the surfaces of the FGF-core coils, but no adhesion to the surfaces of the PVA-core coils and the unmodified coils was found. Histologically, remarkable cell proliferation in the vascular lumen was demonstrated in the common carotid arteries of the FGF-core coil implantation group at the 14th and 28th days. Cellular components proliferated around the implanted coil, and these components mainly stained blue with Masson trichrome. These changes did not occur in the PVA-core coil group and the unmodified coil group. CONCLUSIONWe suggest that FGF-core coils may be effective in inducing fibrotic changes inside aneurysms. These coils may be used as an embolic material to cure cerebral aneurysms.
Explanation and Experiment in Social Psychological Science: Realism and the Social Constitution of Action

This book is about explanation and experiment in a science of human action. It aims to provide a philosophy of social psychological science that both embodies sound principles of scientific reasoning and is sensitive to the social psychological dimensions of human action. The guiding principle of this book is the belief that the logical forms of causal explanation and experimental evaluation can be ef fectively employed in the scientific analysis of meaningful human action. According to most accounts, social psychological science has been in a more or less constant state of crisis for the past decades, having been subject to a host of criticisms on moral, political, methodological, and philosophical grounds. Many of these critiques have been directed against the still dominant conception of social psychological enquiry as a causal and objective scientific discipline that is closely analogous to (if not to be identified as a branch ot) the natural sciences. Thus, many of the most vigorous debates have concerned the nature of explanation and the utility of experimentation in a social psychological discipline. "
Color Image Demosaicing Using Iterative Residual Interpolation

A recently developed demosaicing methodology, called residual interpolation (RI), has demonstrated superior performance over the conventional color-component difference interpolation. However, it has been observed that the existing RI-based methods fail to fully exploit the potential of RI strategy on the reconstruction of the most important G channel, as only the R and B channels are restored through the RI strategy. Since any reconstruction error introduced in the G channel will be carried over into the demosaicing process of the other two channels, this makes the restoration of the G channel highly instrumental to the quality of the final demosaiced image. In this paper, a novel iterative RI (IRI) process is developed for reconstructing a highly accurate G channel first; in essence, it can be viewed as an iterative refinement process for the estimation of those missing pixel values on the G channel. The key novelty of the proposed IRI process is that all the three channels will mutually guide each other until a stopping criterion is met. Based on the restored G channel, the mosaiced R and B channels will be, respectively, reconstructed by exploiting the existing RI method without iteration. Extensive simulations conducted on two commonly-used test datasets for demosaicing algorithms have demonstrated that our algorithm has achieved the best performance in most cases, compared with the existing state-of-the-art demosaicing methods on both objective and subjective performance evaluations.
The association between enamel fluorosis and dental caries in U.S. schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND The authors assessed the association between enamel fluorosis and dental caries to determine if there is any beneficial effect of enamel fluorosis in U.S. schoolchildren. METHODS The authors used data from a National Institute of Dental Research survey of the oral health of U.S. children conducted in 1986 and 1987 to determine the prevalence of caries and mean decayed, missing or filled surfaces on permanent maxillary right first molars in children 7 to 17 years of age who had a history of a single residence. (To date, this is the only national oral health data set in the United States with detailed information on fluoride exposures.) They examined the association between enamel fluorosis and caries using logistic regression analysis, controlling for potential confounders in communities with water at or above optimal fluoridation levels and in communities with nonfluoridated or suboptimally fluoridated water. RESULTS Permanent maxillary right first molars with fluorosis consistently had lower levels of caries experience than did normal molars. Adjusted odds ratios for caries prevalence in molars with fluorosis were 0.71 (95 percent confidence interval [CI], 0.56-0.89) in communities with nonfluoridated or suboptimally fluoridated water and 0.89 (95 percent CI, 0.74-1.06) in communities with water at or above optimal fluoridation levels. CONCLUSION This study's findings suggest that molars with fluorosis are more resistant to caries than are molars without fluorosis. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The results highlight the need for those considering policies regarding reduction in fluoride exposure to take into consideration the caries-preventive benefits associated with milder forms of enamel fluorosis.
Mouse CD8+ CD122+ T Cells with Intermediate TCR Increasing with Age Provide a Source of Early IFN-γ Production

Although CD8+ IL-2Rβ (CD122)+ T cells with intermediate TCR reportedly develop extrathymically, their functions still remain largely unknown. In the present study, we characterized the function of CD8+ CD122+ T cells with intermediate TCR of C57BL/6 mice. The proportion of CD8+ CD122+ T cells in splenocytes gradually increased with age, whereas CD8+ IL-2Rβ-negative or -low (CD122−) T cells conversely decreased. The IFN-γ production from splenocytes stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3 Ab in vitro increased with age, whereas the IL-4 production decreased. When sorted CD8+ CD122+ T cells were stimulated in vitro by the anti-CD3 Ab, they promptly produced a much larger amount of IFN-γ than did CD8+ CD122− T cells or CD4+ T cells, whereas only CD4+ T cells produced IL-4. The depletion of CD8+ CD122+ T cells from whole splenocytes greatly decreased the CD3-stimulated IFN-γ production and increased the IL-4 production, whereas the addition of sorted CD8+ CD122+ T cells to CD8+ CD122+ T cell-depleted splenocytes restored the IFN-γ production and partially decreased IL-4 production. It is of interest that CD8+ CD122+ T cells stimulated CD4+ T cells to produce IFN-γ. The CD3-stimulated IFN-γ production from each T cell subset was augmented by macrophages. Furthermore, CD3-stimulated CD8+ CD122+ T cells produced an even greater amount of IFN-γ than did liver NK1.1+ T cells and also showed antitumor cytotoxicity. These results show that CD8+ CD122+ T cells may thus be an important source of early IFN-γ production and are suggested to be involved in the immunological changes with aging.
Platelets and white blood cell subpopulations among patients with myocardial infarction and unstable angina

Platelet (PLT)-endothelial cell and PLT-leukocyte interactions at lesion-prone sites might trigger a local inflammatory response early in the genesis of atherosclerosis and contribute to plaque destabilization leading to acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The aim of this study was to assess the PLT count, mean PLT volume (MPV), PLT mass, white blood cell (WBC; including eosinophils) and plasma interleukin (IL)-5, in patients with ACS and controls. PLT count, MPV, PLT mass, WBC and eosinophil percentage were determined in 167 consecutive patients with ACS (86 with acute myocardial infarction, AMI, and 81 unstable angina, UA) and 83 controls. Plasma IL-5 was measured in some patients and controls. Patients were considered in subgroups depending on smoking status and if they had or did not have diabetes mellitus (DM). The PLT count was lower in the UA and AMI groups although this did not always achieve significance. The MPV was significantly raised in all patient groups except in DM non-smokers with UA or AMI. All AMI patients had significantly higher WBC counts compared with controls. The percentage of eosinophils was lower in the UA and AMI groups although this did not always achieve significance. Plasma IL-5 levels were significantly increased in the UA and AMI groups. In conclusion, patients with ACS present with changes in the count of several cell types. These cells may become therapeutic targets and these changes may also act as markers of myocardial damage or prognosis.
A type 2 cytokine axis for thymus emigration

In the thymus, stromal microenvironments support a developmental program that generates mature T cells ready for thymic exit. The cellular and molecular specialization within thymic stromal cells that enables their regulation of specific stages of thymocyte development is poorly understood. Here, we show the thymic microenvironment expresses the type 2 IL-4R complex and is functionally responsive to its known ligands, IL-4 and IL-13. Absence of IL-4R&agr; limits thymocyte emigration, leading to an intrathymic accumulation of mature thymocytes within medullary perivascular spaces and reduced numbers of recent thymic emigrants. Thymus transplantation shows this requirement maps to IL-4R&agr; expression by stromal cells, and we provide evidence that it regulates thymic exit via a process distinct from S1P-mediated migration. Finally, we reveal a cellular mechanism by which IL-4+IL-13+ invariant NKT cells are necessary for IL-4R&agr; signaling that regulates thymic exit. Collectively, we define a new axis for thymic emigration involving stimulation of the thymic microenvironment via type 2 cytokines from innate T cells.
Identification of Temporal and Region-Specific Myocardial Gene Expression Patterns in Response to Infarction in Swine

Molecular mechanisms associated with pathophysiological changes in ventricular remodelling due to myocardial infarction (MI) remain poorly understood. We analyzed changes in gene expression by microarray technology in porcine myocardial tissue at 1, 4, and 6 weeks post-MI. MI was induced by coronary artery ligation in 9 female pigs (30–40 kg). Animals were randomly sacrificed at 1, 4, or 6 weeks post-MI (n = 3 per group) and 3 healthy animals were also included as control group. Total RNA from myocardial samples was hybridized to GeneChip® Porcine Genome Arrays. Functional analysis was obtained with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) online tool. Validation of microarray data was performed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). More than 8,000 different probe sets showed altered expression in the remodelling myocardium at 1, 4, or 6 weeks post-MI. Ninety-seven percent of altered transcripts were detected in the infarct core and 255 probe sets were differentially expressed in the remote myocardium. Functional analysis revealed 28 genes de-regulated in the remote myocardial region in at least one of the three temporal analyzed stages, including genes associated with heart failure (HF), systemic sclerosis and coronary artery disease. In the infarct core tissue, eight major time-dependent gene expression patterns were recognized among 4,221 probe sets commonly altered over time. Altered gene expression of ACVR2B, BID, BMP2, BMPR1A, LMNA, NFKBIA, SMAD1, TGFB3, TNFRSF1A, and TP53 were further validated. The clustering of similar expression patterns for gene products with related function revealed molecular footprints, some of them described for the first time, which elucidate changes in biological processes at different stages after MI.
Age‐related motor dysfunction and neuropathology in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive degeneration of the striatonigral, olivo‐ponto‐cerebellar, and autonomic systems. Glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) containing alpha‐synuclein represent the hallmark of MSA and are recapitulated in mice expressing alpha‐synuclein in oligodendrocytes. To assess if oligodendroglial expression of human wild‐type alpha‐synuclein in mice (proteolipid promoter, PLP‐SYN) could be associated with age‐related deficits, PLP‐SYN and wild‐type mice were assessed for motor function, brain morphometry, striatal levels of dopamine and metabolites, dopaminergic loss, and distribution of GCIs. PLP‐SYN displayed age‐related impairments on a beam‐traversing task. MRI revealed a significantly smaller brain volume in PLP‐SYN mice at 12 months, which further decreased at 18 months together with increased volume of ventricles and cortical atrophy. The distribution of GCIs was reminiscent of MSA with a high burden in the basal ganglia. Mild dopaminergic cell loss was associated with decreased dopamine turnover at 18 months. These data indicate that PLP‐SYN mice may recapitulate some of the progressive features of MSA and deliver endpoints for the evaluation of therapeutic strategies. Synapse 68:98–106, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recover Canonical-View Faces in the Wild with Deep Neural Networks

Face images in the wild undergo large intra-personal variations, such as poses, illuminations, occlusions, and low resolutions, which cause great challenges to face-related applications. This paper addresses this challenge by proposing a new deep learning framework that can recover the canonical view of face images. It dramatically reduces the intra-person variances, while maintaining the inter-person discriminativeness. Unlike the existing face reconstruction methods that were either evaluated in controlled 2D environment or employed 3D information, our approach directly learns the transformation from the face images with a complex set of variations to their canonical views. At the training stage, to avoid the costly process of labeling canonical-view images from the training set by hand, we have devised a new measurement to automatically select or synthesize a canonical-view image for each identity. As an application, this face recovery approach is used for face verification. Facial features are learned from the recovered canonical-view face images by using a facial component-based convolutional neural network. Our approach achieves the state-of-the-art performance on the LFW dataset.
Human endothelial lecitin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression is not associated with impairment of endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity in conduit vessels.

UNLABELLED The cellular uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) is mediated through the oxidized LDL receptor-1, LOX-1. We investigated whether circulating factors link LOX-1 expression in endothelial cells and impaired endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity (EDVR) as functional indicator of atherogenesis. EDVR was measured as flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery in 27 patients with a known history of cardiovascular disease. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated with bradykinin or prostacyclin in the presence of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) or with serum of each patient for four hours. Total mRNA and protein extracts were analysed for LOX-1 and eNOS expression relative to the expression in medium-treated cells and corrected for GAPDH expression. RESULTS Prostacyclin and bradykinin did not modulate LOX-1 basal expression but were able to prevent significantly the up-regulation of LOX-1 expression by TNF-α, in HUVEC in vitro. Impaired EDVR was associated significantly with reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression in HUVEC (r=0.788, P<0.001), diabetes (P=0.024), and smoking status (yes/no, P=0.047). In contrast, no such association was established with LOX-1 mRNA (r=0.292, P=0.138) or with LOX-1 protein expression in HUVEC (r=0.201, P=0.312). CONCLUSIONS Using a combination of in vitro experiments with in vivo measurements, we found no evidence that endothelial LOX-1 expression and EDVR mediated through circulating factors were associated.
Bmc Medical Informatics and Decision Making Privacy-preserving Record Linkage Using Bloom Filters

Background: Combining multiple databases with disjunctive or additional information on the same person is occurring increasingly throughout research. If unique identification numbers for these individuals are not available, probabilistic record linkage is used for the identification of matching record pairs. In many applications, identifiers have to be encrypted due to privacy concerns.