Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Gender Gap in Internet Use: Why Men Use the Internet More Than Women - A Literature Review

There is a gender gap in Internet use: Two thirds of users are males, and males account for 77% of on-line time. This article reviews related research to explain these differences. From childhood on, males are more experienced with computers and have more favorable attitudes toward computers than do females. These gender differences in computer experiences and attitudes as well as the masculinization of the computer culture may be transferred to Internet use and attitudes. In fact, the Internet culture was developed by its earliest users, primarily male scientists, mathematicians, and technologically sophisticated computer hackers. This culture can be discomforting and alien to females. For example, netiquette norms tolerate uncensored hostility and even harassment, which women may find offensive. Gendered linguistic differences also affect Internet discussion groups. Linguistic analysis of on-line academic discussion groups found males' postings were status enhancing and adversarial whereas females' post.
La agresión injustificada como antecedente del acoso entre iguales: una investigación en Escuelas Infantiles de Chile (Unjustified aggression as an antecedent of bullying: an investigation in infant schools in Chile)

This article examines the interpersonal aggression in a sample of girls and boys from 4 to 6 years old that attend to second label in primary school in the Bio-Bio Region, Concepcion. Children nominated themselves and their peers for the roles of aggressor, victim and defender from vignettes which depict four situations of aggression: indirect relational aggression, direct physical aggression, direct verbal aggression and indirect verbal aggression. The results express that Chilean preschoolers tented to be aggressive using direct aggression (relational, physical and verbal aggression), rather than indirect verbal aggression in agreement with the previous studies carried out with the same procedures. The aggressor role is more common in boys than girls, being the direct physical aggression the most frequent. However, there are no gender differences in the victim role. On the other hand, girls were nominated in the roles of outsider and they used more frequently the relational direct aggression than others sorts of aggression.
Overlapping Schwarz Preconditioners for Spectral N´ ed´ elec Elements for a Model Problem in H(curl)

A two-level overlapping domain decomposition method is analyzed for a Nédélec spectral element approximation of a model problem appearing in the solution of Maxwell’s equations. The overlap between subdomains can consist of entire spectral elements or rectangular subsets of spectral elements. For fixed relative overlap and overlap made from entire elements, the condition number of the method is bounded, independently of the mesh size, the number of subregions, the coefficients and the degree of the spectral elements. In the case of overlap including just parts of spectral elements, a bound linear in the degree of the elements is proven. It is assumed that the coarse and fine mesh are quasi-uniform and shape-regular and that the domain is convex. Arguments that would not require quasi-uniformity of the coarse mesh and convexity of the domain are mentioned. Our work generalizes results obtained for lower-order Nédélec elements in Toselli [Numer. Math. (2000) 86:733-752]. Numerical results for the two-level algorithm in two dimensions are also presented, supporting our analysis.
Tigecycline Reduces Ethanol Intake in Dependent and Nondependent Male and Female C57BL/6J Mice.

BACKGROUND The chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) paradigm is valuable for screening compounds for efficacy to reduce drinking traits related to alcohol use disorder (AUD), as it measures alcohol consumption and preference under physical dependence conditions. Air control-treated animals allow simultaneous testing of similarly treated, nondependent animals. As a consequence, we used CIE to test the hypothesis that tigecycline, a semisynthetic tetracycline similar to minocycline and doxycycline, would reduce alcohol consumption regardless of dependence status. METHODS Adult C57BL/6J female and male mice were tested for tigecycline efficacy to reduce ethanol (EtOH) consumption using a standard CIE paradigm. The ability of tigecycline to decrease 2-bottle choice of 15% EtOH (15E) versus water intake in dependent (CIE vapor) and nondependent (air-treated) male and female mice was tested after 4 cycles of CIE vapor or air exposure using a within-subjects design and a dose-response. Drug doses of 0, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg in saline were administered intraperitoneally (0.01 ml/g body weight) and in random order, with a 1-hour pretreatment time. Baseline 15E intake was re-established prior to administration of subsequent injections, with a maximum of 2 drug injections tested per week. RESULTS Tigecycline was found to effectively reduce high alcohol consumption in both dependent and nondependent female and male mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that tigecycline may be a promising drug with novel pharmacotherapeutic characteristics for the treatment of mild-to-severe AUD in both sexes.
Reconstruction of a beech population bottleneck using archival demographic information and Bayesian analysis of genetic data

Range expansion and contraction has occurred in the history of most species and can seriously impact patterns of genetic diversity. Historical data about range change are rare and generally appropriate for studies at large scales, whereas the individual pollen and seed dispersal events that form the basis of geneflow and colonization generally occur at a local scale. In this study, we investigated range change in Fagus sylvatica on Mont Ventoux, France, using historical data from 1838 to the present and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analyses of genetic data. From the historical data, we identified a population minimum in 1845 and located remnant populations at least 200 years old. The ABC analysis selected a demographic scenario with three populations, corresponding to two remnant populations and one area of recent expansion. It also identified expansion from a smaller ancestral population but did not find that this expansion followed a population bottleneck, as suggested by the historical data. Despite a strong support to the selected scenario for our data set, the ABC approach showed a low power to discriminate among scenarios on average and a low ability to accurately estimate effective population sizes and divergence dates, probably due to the temporal scale of the study. This study provides an unusual opportunity to test ABC analysis in a system with a well‐documented demographic history and identify discrepancies between the results of historical, classical population genetic and ABC analyses. The results also provide valuable insights into genetic processes at work at a fine spatial and temporal scale in range change and colonization.
Clinical and genetic characteristics of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 variant in the Japanese population.

OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is commonly associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), and the occurrence of both T1D and AITD in a patient is defined as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 variant (APS3v). We aimed to clarify the differences in the clinical and genetic characteristics of APS3v patients and T1D patients without AITD [T1D/AITD(-)] in the Japanese population. DESIGN/PATIENTS Our subjects were 54 APS3v patients and 143 T1D/AITD(-) patients who were consecutively diagnosed at Nagasaki University Hospital from 1983 to the present. RESULTS A remarkable female predominance, a slow and older age onset of T1D, and a higher prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies were observed in APS3v patients compared to T1D/AITD(-) patients. The older onset age of T1D in APS3v patients was associated with a higher proportion of slow-onset T1D. Among the two major susceptible human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II haplotypes in Japanese T1D, DRB1*0405-DQB1*0401, but not DRB1*0901-DQB1*0303, was associated with APS3v patients. Furthermore, DRB1*0803-DQB1*0601 was not protective in patients with APS3v. The frequencies of the GG genotype in +49G>A and +6230G>A polymorphism in the CTLA4 gene were significantly higher in T1D/AITD(-) patients, but not in APS3v patients, compared to control subjects. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we found notable differences in the clinical and genetic characteristics of APS3v patients and T1D/AITD(-) patients in the Japanese population, and the differences in the clinical characteristics between the two groups may reflect distinct genetic backgrounds including the HLA DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes and CTLA4 gene polymorphisms.
Predicting and Evaluating the Popularity of Online News

With the expansion of the Internet, more and more people enjoys reading and sharing online news articles. The number of shares under a news article indicates how popular the news is. In this project, we intend to find the best model and set of feature to predict the popularity of online news, using machine learning techniques. Our data comes from Mashable, a well-known online news website. We implemented 10 different learning algorithms on the dataset, ranging from various regressions to SVM and Random Forest. Their performances are recorded and compared. Feature selection methods are used to improve performance and reduce features. Random Forest turns out to be the best model for prediction, and it can achieve an accuracy of 70% with optimal parameters. Our work can help online news companies to predict news popularity before publication.
The utility of thyroglobulin washout studies in predicting cervical lymph node metastases: One academic medical center's experience

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is useful for evaluating cervical lymph nodes for metastases from thyroid carcinomas. Reports have illustrated that with application of standardized technique and appropriate cutoffs, thyroglobulin (TG) washout studies increase the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in identifying lymph node metastases. This project describes our experience at an academic medical center utilizing needle wash thyroglobulin analyses as an ancillary to FNAC.
Transgressions, Guilt, and Forgiveness: A Model of Seeking Forgiveness

While there has been increasing interest in the psychology of interpersonal forgiveness, the majority of the research has focused on the forgiveness process from the perspective of the victim. However, since by its very nature, forgiveness involves at least two individuals it is vital to begin to understand forgiveness from the perspective of the transgressor. The current study examines the situational factors that influence when and why offenders will seek forgiveness. Participants recalled an incident where they were the transgressor and responded to a questionnaire that assessed their perceptions and the characteristics of the offense. Then, their intention of seeking forgiveness was measured. It was found that a number of factors, including the severity of the transgression, relational closeness and rumination influenced the likelihood of seeking forgiveness. Furthermore, it was found that a number of these relationships were mediated by feelings of guilt, demonstrating the importance of guilt in motivating the seeking of forgiveness.
Enhancing dependability in avionics using virtualization

Software in avionics has always been totally separated from open-world software, in order to avoid any interaction that could corrupt critical on-board systems. However, new aircraft generations need more interaction with off-board systems to offer extended services, which makes these information flows potentially dangerous. In this paper, we present a case study (identified in the ArSec project) that requires bidirectional communication between critical on-board systems and untrusted off-board systems. We propose the use of virtualization to ensure dependability of critical applications despite such communication.
DMFT index assessment, plaque pH, and microbiological analysis in children with special health care needs, India

Aim: To assess the DMFT index of children with Special Health Care Needs (SHCN) in Navi Mumbai. To correlate the DMFT index with Streptococcus mutans count in the supragingival bacterial biofilm and with plaque pH. Materials and Methods: Dental examination of 158 patients aged 5–18 years was conducted to determine the DMFT/dmft index. Supragingival plaque samples were collected from the buccal surfaces of all teeth. The samples were inoculated in mitis salivarius bacitracin agar medium and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Supragingival plaque was collected from interproximal sites of the molar area (preferably mandibular) for conducting plaque pH test. Chi-square test and Pearson's correlation were used to find the significance of the study parameters on categorical scale between the two groups. Results: The mean DMFT recorded was 4.90 ± 4.63 and the mean dmft recorded was 1.77 ± 3.14. Mean number of S. mutans colony-forming units found was 2.961 × 104. Mean plaque pH recorded was 6.2. Conclusion: No statistically significant correlation was found between the DMFT index with the number of S. mutans and plaque pH.
Usefulness of argon plasma coagulation ablation subsequent to endoscopic snare papillectomy for ampullary adenoma

Endoscopic snare papillectomy (ESP) is an effective treatment for ampullary adenoma. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is widely used as an additional method to control bleeding or ablate the residual tumor. However, the efficacy of this procedure has not yet been fully evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of APC as an additional method to ESP.
Dominance and Health The Role of Social Rank in Physiology and Illness

This chapter focuses on the role of social rank—the relative position of an individual within a social hierarchy—on physiology and health. In the realm of behavioral endocrinology, the study of the interaction between hormones and behavior, researchers wishing to study power have found it difficult to operationally define and quantify what it means to have power in an animal population, and have turned to studying dominance and rank within social hierarchies (Lewis, 2002). Dominance refers to behaviors directed at increasing or maintaining one’s social rank in relation to others in the hierarchy. Highranking or dominant individuals generally (but not always) hold power over others, whereas lowranking or subordinate individuals generally do not.1 Although dominance generally has been viewed as synonymous with power in the literature, Lewis has done an outstanding job in attempting to disentangle the two concepts. She presents the following case:
prediction of fault count data using genetic programming

Software reliability growth modeling helps in deciding project release time and managing project resources. A large number of such models have been presented in the past. Due to the existence of many models, the models' inherent complexity, and their accompanying assumptions; the selection of suitable models becomes a challenging task. This paper presents empirical results of using genetic programming (GP) for modeling software reliability growth based on weekly fault count data of three different industrial projects. The goodness of fit (adaptability) and predictive accuracy of the evolved model is measured using five different measures in an attempt to present a fair evaluation. The results show that the GP evolved model has statistically significant goodness of fit and predictive accuracy.
Human antibody responses of patients living in endemic areas for schistosomiasis to the tegumental protein Sm29 identified through genomic studies

Surface proteins of schistosomes are exposed to host tissues and thus present as potential candidate molecules for the development of new intervention strategies. Herein, we have identified a new tegumental protein of Schistosoma mansoni, termed Sm29. In silico analysis revealed a signal peptide, three glycosylation sites and a transmembrane region on Sm29 amino acid sequence. Sm29 transcription in mammalian developmental stages cDNA libraries of S. mansoni was verified by PCR using specific primers for Sm29 nucleotide sequence and it revealed the presence of transcripts in schistosomula and adult worm stages of the parasite. Sm29 (40–169) fragment was produced in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography to be used in the immunological assays. Confocal microscopy confirmed bioinformatic studies, revealing that Sm29 is a membrane‐bound protein localized on the tegument of S. mansoni adult worm. ELISA was performed using rSm29 protein to investigate the antibody isotype profile to Sm29 in sera of patients living in endemic areas for schistosomiasis. IgG1 and IgG3 subclass antibodies to rSm29 were predominant in sera of individuals naturally resistant to infection and resistant to re‐infection whereas low levels of IgM, IgA or IgE were measured. Since, IgG1 and IgG3 are involved in parasite killing and in protective immunity the findings reported here suggest the use of Sm29 as a potential candidate vaccine against schistosomiasis.
Pandemic Influenza A H1N1 2009 Infection versus Vaccination: A Cohort Study Comparing Immune Responses in Pregnancy

Background With the emergence of H1N1 pandemic (pH1N1) influenza, the CDC recommended that pregnant women be one of five initial target groups to receive the 2009 monovalent H1N1 vaccine, regardless of prior infection with this influenza strain. We sought to compare the immune response of pregnant women to H1N1 infection versus vaccination and to determine the extent of passive immunity conferred to the newborn. Methods/Findings During the 2009-2010 influenza season, we enrolled a cohort of women who either had confirmed pH1N1 infection during pregnancy, did not have pH1N1 during pregnancy but were vaccinated against pH1N1, or did not have illness or vaccination. Maternal and umbilical cord venous blood samples were collected at delivery. Hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAI) for pH1N1 were performed. Data were analyzed using linear regression analyses. HAIs were performed for matched maternal/cord blood pairs for 16 women with confirmed pH1N1 infection, 14 women vaccinated against pH1N1, and 10 women without infection or vaccination. We found that pH1N1 vaccination and wild-type infection during pregnancy did not differ with respect to (1) HAI titers at delivery, (2) HAI antibody decay slopes over time, and (3) HAI titers in the cord blood. Conclusions Vaccination against pH1N1 confers a similar HAI antibody response as compared to pH1N1 infection during pregnancy, both in quantity and quality. Illness or vaccination during pregnancy confers passive immunity to the newborn.
Gender differences in emotional intelligence : are you smart as you think emotionally

The emotional intelligence (EQ) has been linked to positive aspects (e.g., self esteem, achievement, and psychological well-being) of an individual. Importance of gender differences in actual and self-perceived EQ level help to understand these aspects. The sample of this study comprised of 60 undergraduates’ students (30 males and 30 females) from University Tunku Abdul Rahman. By using stratified random sampling under probability sampling, Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQueSF) and qualitative survey questions have been utilized to measure actual and selfperceived EQ level in gender. Findings indicated that there is no significant gender difference in actual and self-estimated EQ level. However, both genders perceived males have higher EQ level compared to females where seven main themes (emotionality, cognition/mentality, personality/characteristic, biology, self-control, culture/belief, and research findings) of explanation have been clinched. Discussion focuses on genders’ perception differences and future study on implications and corollaries of such thinking pattern should be investigated.
Food-related behavior, physical activity, and dietary intake in First Nations1 – a population at high risk for diabetes

Objective. To describe determinants of diet-related behavior and physical activity in First Nations for development of culturally appropriate diabetes prevention programs. Design. Cross-sectional 24-hour dietary recalls (n=129), random household risk factor surveys of primary food preparers/shoppers (n=133), and accelerometry (n=81) were assessed in First Nations adults. Setting. Nine Anishinaabe (Ojibwe and Oji-Cree) First Nations in northwestern Ontario, Canada. Results. Descriptive statistics (mean, SD, range) were calculated for all outcomes (dietary intake, psychosocial determinants of diabetes risk factors, dietary behaviors, physical activity, and body mass index, BMI) and t-tests were performed to examine differences in means between remote and semi-remote communities. Regression models adjusting for sociodemographic factors were also fit for the outcome measures. Respondents reported high-energy intake (2676 and 2060 kcal/day for men and women, respectively) and acquired higher fat/higher sugar/lower fiber foods up to 30 times more often than healthier alternatives. Over 80% of respondents were overweight or obese (BMI >25 kg/m2) with no significant difference between remote and semi-remote communities. Employment and having diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance were positively associated with BMI. Food intention scores were positively associated with healthy food acquisition scores. Younger respondents in semi-remote communities were more likely to have higher knowledge scores. Food intention scores were predicted by outcome expectations; outcome expectations by self-efficacy. Conclusions. Diabetes prevention programs for First Nations should focus on improving physical activity and dietary intake by targeting specific risk group needs. Food knowledge, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and intention are important factors in understanding those needs.
Distribution of intramyocellular lipids in human calf muscles as determined by MR spectroscopic imaging

In this study the distribution of intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) in human calf muscles was determined by 1H‐MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) measurements. An obstacle for MRSI measurements in the calf, including different muscles, is the inevitable inclusion of regions with high concentrations of extramyocellular lipids (EMCL). This can lead to signal bleeding and consequently to unpredictable overlaps of IMCL resonances with EMCL in voxels of interest. The results of this study show that signal bleeding from EMCL can be substantially reduced in voxels from calf muscles by the application of a lipid extrapolation (LE) procedure (Haupt et al., Magn Reson Med 1996;35:678). The spectra of all voxels located within muscle tissue were fitted, and the metabolite values were assigned to one of 10 different muscles based on image segmentation. Significant IMCL differences between some muscles were obtained, with high values in m. soleus and two to three times lower values in the tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, and gastrocnemius muscles. In addition to gross differences between muscles, significant intersubject differences were observed in both IMCL content and distribution over different muscles. A significant correlation between fiber orientation (obtained from orientation‐dependent dipolar coupling of creatine and taurine resonances) and IMCL content was found, indicating that IMCL content is directly correlated to biomechanical properties. Magn Reson Med 51:253–262, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.