Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Prospective, Randomized Evaluation of Arthroscopic Stabilization versus Nonoperative Treatment in Patients with Acute, Traumatic, First-Time Shoulder Dislocations *

Background Nonoperative treatment of traumatic shoulder dislocations leads to a high rate of recurrent dislocations. Hypothesis Early arthroscopic treatment for shoulder dislocation will result in a lower recurrence rate than nonoperative treatment. Study Design Prospective, randomized clinical trial. Methods Two groups of patients were studied to compare nonoperative treatment with arthroscopic Bankart repair for acute, traumatic shoulder dislocations in young athletes. Fourteen nonoperatively treated patients underwent 4 weeks of immobilization followed by a supervised rehabilitation program. Ten operatively treated patients underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with a bioabsorbable tack followed by the same rehabilitation protocol as the nonoperatively treated patients. The average follow-up was 36 months. Results Three patients were lost to follow-up. Twelve nonoperatively treated patients remained for follow-up. Nine of these (75%) developed recurrent instability. Six of the nine have required subsequent open Bankart repair for recurrent instability. Of the nine operatively treated patients available for follow-up, only one (11.1%) developed recurrent instability. Conclusions Arthroscopic stabilization of traumatic, first-time anterior shoulder dislocations is an effective and safe treatment that significantly reduces the recurrence rate of shoulder dislocations in young athletes when compared with conventional, nonoperative treatment.
An Approach to the Problem of Annotation of Research Publications

An approach to multiple labelling research papers is explored. We develop techniques for annotating/labeling research papers in informatics and computer sciences with key phrases taken from the ACM Computing Classification System. The techniques utilize a phrase-to-text relevance measure so that only those phrases that are most relevant go to the annotation. Three phrase-to-text relevance measures are experimentally compared in this setting. The measures are: (a) cosine relevance score between conventional vector space representations of the texts coded with tf-idf weighting; (b) popular characteristic of probability of term generation BM25; and (c) an in-house characteristic of conditional probability of symbols averaged over matching fragments in suffix trees representing texts and phrases, CPAMF. In an experiment conducted over a set of texts published in journals of the ACM and manually annotated by their authors, CPAMF outperforms both the cosine measure and BM25 by a wide margin.
Impact of beverage consumption, age, and site dependency on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements in perimenopausal women: a prospective study

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the best site for bone mineral density (BMD) measurements based on T-scores, age, and beverage consumption. Material and methods In this prospective study, 271 women stratified by age (average age: 61.9 years) underwent dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning of their lumbar spine, hips, and forearms. Osteoporosis was defined as a BMD of 2.5 standard deviations or more below the mean peak bone mass based on a reference population of adult women (translated as a T-score ≤ –2.5), as measured by DEXA. Participants were also evaluated regarding alcohol and caffeine consumption by a semiquantitative questionnaire. Results A significant discrepancy was observed in the classification of osteoporosis at different locations, with hip and forearm showing the best correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.627, p < 0.001). In addition, for participants over 50 years of age, hip and forearm showed the best correlation. Significant correlations were also noted between forearm T-scores and caffeine consumed and, to a lesser extent, the level of alcohol consumption. In the group ≤ 50 years of age, lumbar spine and forearm T-scores were only associated with alcohol consumption. In the group over 50 years of age, hip and forearm T-scores were only associated with caffeine consumption. Conclusions Bone mineral density measurements at the hip and forearm correlated with caffeine consumption in elderly Taiwanese women. This is an important finding since age and caffeine consumption are known risk factors for osteoporosis.
Arabidopsis Chromatin-Associated HMGA and HMGB Use Different Nuclear Targeting Signals and Display Highly Dynamic Localization within the Nucleus[W]

In plants, the chromatin-associated high mobility group (HMG) proteins occur in two subfamilies termed HMGA and HMGB. The HMGA proteins are characterized by the presence of four AT-hook DNA binding motifs, and the HMGB proteins contain an HMG box DNA binding domain. As architectural factors, the HMG proteins appear to be involved in the regulation of transcription and other DNA-dependent processes. We have examined the subcellular localization of Arabidopsis thaliana HMGA, HMGB1, and HMGB5, revealing that they localize to the cell nucleus. They display a speckled distribution pattern throughout the chromatin of interphase nuclei, whereas none of the proteins associate with condensed mitotic chromosomes. HMGA is targeted to the nucleus by a monopartite nuclear localization signal, while efficient nuclear accumulation of HMGB1/5 requires large portions of the basic N-terminal part of the proteins. The acidic C-terminal domain interferes with nucleolar targeting of HMGB1. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments revealed that HMGA and HMGB proteins are extremely dynamic in the nucleus, indicating that they bind chromatin only transiently before moving on to the next site, thereby continuously scanning the genome for targets. By contrast, the majority of histone H2B is basically immobile within the nucleus, while linker histone H1.2 is relatively mobile.
Minimum number of operations under a general number representation for digital filter synthesis

In this work, we introduce an algorithm for the optimization of the number of operations in the multiplier block of a digital filter based on a general number representation for the coefficients. In common subexpression elimination algorithms, constants are generally represented with the minimum number of non-zero digits based on their CSD, or MSD representations. We observe that these representations may yield a solution far from the minimum. The general number representation used in our algorithm considers a much larger set of alternative implementations of a constant, which includes the CSD and MSD representations. To cope with the increased search space, we propose model simplification and problem reduction techniques. In this paper, we show that the proposed exact algorithm using general number representation achieves a significant reduction in the number of operations, which can be up to 15 % with respect to the solutions obtained under MSD representation.
The Promotion of Resilience in the Face of Adversity

Resilience is a concept that suggests that some individuals have a relatively good psychological outcome despite suffering risk experiences that would be expected to bring about serious sequelae. In other words, resilience implies relative resistance to environmental risk experiences, or the overcoming of stress or adversity. It is not strictly social competence or positive mental health. Essentially, it is an interactive concept that involves the combination of serious risk experiences and a relatively positive psychological outcome despite those experiences (Cicchetti, Rogosch, Lynch, & Holt, 1993; Luthar, 2003; Masten, Best, Garmezy, 1990; Masten, 2001; Rutter, 1985; Rutter, 1987; Rutter, 1990; Rutter, 1999; Rutter, 2000a; Rutter, 2003; Werner & Smith, 1982; 1992). RESILIENCE AND CONCEPTS OF RISK AND PROTECTION Extensive research has been conducted into risk and protection factors as they operate in relation to the development of psychopathology (see Sameroff, Chapter 3 in this book). The findings show that, although the risk effects of most individual experiences are quite small, their cumulative effect may be great. To a considerable extent, adverse outcomes can be predicted on the basis of the overall number of risk factors (Fergusson, Horwood & Lynskey, 1994; Rutter, 1978; Williams, Anderson, McFie & Silva, 1990). It is therefore necessary to ask whether the concept of resilience is just a fancy way of reinventing the old and well-established concepts of risk and protection. Clearly, this is not the case.
Extent of Preoperative False Lumen Thrombosis Does Not Influence Long‐Term Survival in Patients With Acute Type A Aortic Dissection

Background Partial thrombosis of the false lumen has been related to aortic growth, reoperations, and death in the chronic phase of type B and repaired type A aortic dissections. The impact of preoperative false lumen thrombosis has not been studied previously. We used data from a contemporary, multinational database on aortic dissections to evaluate whether different degrees of preoperative false lumen thrombosis influenced long‐term prognosis. Methods and Results We examined the records of 522 patients with surgically treated acute type A aortic dissections who survived to discharge between 1996 and 2011. At the preoperative imaging, 414 (79.3%) patients had patent false lumens, 84 (16.1%) had partial thrombosis of the false lumen, and 24 (4.6%) had complete thrombosis of the false lumen. The annual median (interquartile range) aortic growth rates were 0.5 (−0.3 to 2.0) mm in the aortic arch, 2.0 (0.2 to 4.0) mm in the descending thoracic aorta, and similar regardless of the degree of false lumen thrombosis. The overall 5‐year survival rate was 84.7%, and it was not influenced by false lumen thrombosis (P=0.86 by the log‐rank test). Independent predictors of long‐term mortality were age >70 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 4.56, P=0.012) and postoperative cerebrovascular accident, coma, and/or renal failure (HR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.40 to 4.92, P=0.003). Conclusions Patients with acute type A aortic dissection who survive to discharge have a favorable prognosis. Preoperative false lumen thrombosis does not influence long‐term mortality, reintervention rates, or aortic growth.
Sparse Spectrum Gaussian Process Regression

We present a new sparse Gaussian Process (GP) model for regression. The key novel idea is to sparsify the spectral representation of the GP. This leads to a simple, practical algorithm for regression tasks. We compare the achievable trade-offs between predictive accuracy and computational requirements, and show that these are typically superior to existing state-of-the-art sparse approximations. We discuss both the weight space and function space representations, and note that the new construction implies priors over functions which are always stationary, and can approximate any covariance function in this class.
Oil, the Economy, and the Stock Market

We quantify the time-varying effects of oil-price shocks on the U.S. economy, Federal Reserve policy, and global equity markets. While the first-round impact of oil-price shocks on U.S. economic growth has not changed materially over time, their formerly-negative second-round effects are notably absent over the past 25 years given oil's near-zero impact on long-term inflation expectations. Since oil-price shocks now represent a less-stagflationary policy tradeoff, we show why the Federal Reserve should lower short-term interest rates in response to an oil-price shock under certain (but not all) macro scenarios. For domestic and international stocks, simple regressions reveal the anticipated inverse relationship, with a 10% increase in oil prices associated with a statistically significant 1.5% lower total return. However, the stock market's reaction varies dramatically depending on the source of the oil-price shock, with global stocks - in particular the industrial and materials sectors - responding quite favorably to oil-price increases attributed to global-demand shocks. A key implication is that oil-price increases do not uniformly lead to lower stock returns. Interestingly, our oil-price decomposition suggests that oil's recent surge cannot be explained by supply disruptions, global demand fundamentals, or the depreciation of the U.S. dollar.
Effects of Large Clostridial Cytotoxins on Activation of RBL 2H3-hm1 Mast Cells Indicate Common and Different Roles of Rac in FcεRI and M1-Receptor Signaling

Using Rho GTPases-inhibiting clostridial cytotoxins, we showed recently in RBL cells that the GTPase Rac is involved in FcεRI (high-affinity receptor for IgE) signaling and receptor-mediated calcium mobilization, including influx via calcium release-activated calcium channels. Here, we studied the role of Rho GTPases in muscarinic M1 receptor signaling in RBL 2H3-hm1 cells. Clostridium difficile toxin B, which inactivates Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, and Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin, which inhibits Rac but not Rho, blocked M1-mediated exocytosis, indicating that Rac but not Rho is involved in the regulation of receptor-mediated exocytosis. Although antigen-induced FcεRI stimulation caused tyrosine phosphorylation of the Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav, M1 stimulation by carbachol activated Rac independently of Vav. The Rac-inactivating toxins blocked M1 receptor-induced membrane translocation of the pleckstrin homology domain of protein kinase B, which is a phosphoinositide 3-kinase effector. The M1-induced calcium release from internal stores was not affected by toxin B; however, the subsequent calcium influx from the extracellular space was inhibited. The data suggest that besides capacitative calcium entry, the M1 signaling pathway activates further calcium entry channels with mechanisms that are not affected by the inhibition of Rac.
The Effects of Employee Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Turnover on Organizational Effectiveness

This study addresses the issue of whether positive employee attitudes and behaviors influence business outcomes or whether positive business outcomes influence positive employee attitudes and behaviors. We hypothesize that employee satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, and employee turnover influence profitability and customer satisfaction. Data were gathered from the units of a regional restaurant chain via employee surveys, manager surveys, customer surveys, and organizational records. Cross-lagged regression analyses show that employee attitudes and behaviors at Time 1 are related to organizational effectiveness at Time 2. Additional cross-lagged regression analyses show no significant relationship between organizational effectiveness at Time 1 and the employee attitudes and behaviors at Time 2. These results add to the evidence that HR outcomes influence business outcomes, rather than the other way around.
Work psychology: understanding human behaviour in the workplace (5th ed)

The fifth edition of this market-leading textbook retains its popular blend of theory, research and examples. Substantially revised and updated with extensive new material that reflects contemporary research and debate, the book offers an accessible and fascinating examination of human behaviour in today’s workplace. Covering a broad range of core topics, the book is suitable for undergraduate students in business, management, and psychology as well as those studying for professional qualifications.
2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine (MPEP) reverses maze learning and PSD-95 deficits in Fmr1 knock-out mice

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is caused by the lack of expression of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), which results in intellectual disability and other debilitating symptoms including impairment of visual-spatial functioning. FXS is the only single-gene disorder that is highly co-morbid with autism spectrum disorder and can therefore provide insight into its pathophysiology. Lack of FMRP results in altered group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) signaling, which is a target for putative treatments. The Hebb-Williams (H-W) mazes are a set of increasingly complex spatial navigation problems that depend on intact hippocampal and thus mGluR-5 functioning. In the present investigation, we examined whether an antagonist of mGluR-5 would reverse previously described behavioral deficits in fragile X mental retardation 1 knock-out (Fmr1 KO) mice. Mice were trained on a subset of the H-W mazes and then treated with either 20 mg/kg of an mGluR-5 antagonist, 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine (MPEP; n = 11) or an equivalent dose of saline (n = 11) prior to running test mazes. Latency and errors were dependent variables recorded during the test phase. Immediately after completing each test, marble-burying behavior was assessed, which confirmed that the drug treatment was pharmacologically active during maze learning. Although latency was not statistically different between the groups, MPEP treated Fmr1 KO mice made significantly fewer errors on mazes deemed more difficult suggesting a reversal of the behavioral deficit. MPEP treated mice were also less perseverative and impulsive when navigating mazes. Furthermore, MPEP treatment reversed post-synaptic density-95 (PSD-95) protein deficits in Fmr1 KO treated mice, whereas levels of a control protein (β-tubulin) remained unchanged. These data further validate MPEP as a potentially beneficial treatment for FXS. Our findings also suggest that adapted H-W mazes may be a useful tool to document alterations in behavioral functioning following pharmacological intervention in FXS.
Epidemiology and outcome of acute respiratory failure in intensive care unit patients

ObjectivesTo summarize the prevalence of various forms of acute respiratory failure in acutely ill patients and review the major factors involved in the outcome of these patients. Data Sources and SelectionMEDLINE search for published studies reporting the prevalence or outcome for patients with acute respiratory failure and cited reference studies and abstracts from a recent international meeting in the intensive care medicine field. Data Synthesis and ExtractionFrom the selected articles, information was obtained regarding the prevalence of acute respiratory failure, including acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury as defined by the North American-European Consensus Conference, the outcome, and the factors influencing mortality rates in this population of patients. ConclusionsThe prevalence of acute respiratory failure varies according to the definition used and the population studied. Nonsurvivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome die predominantly of respiratory failure in <20% of cases. The relatively high mortality rates of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome are primarily related to the underlying disease, the severity of the acute illness, and the degree of organ dysfunction.
Five-year outcome of outpatient psychotherapy with borderline patients

Background. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness. Due to scepticism about the effectiveness of its treatment, the care of these patients is neglected. In this study we evaluated the effect of treatment 5 years after its ending, of patients with BPD. Method. Thirty subjects were treated twice weekly for 1 year by psychotherapy based on the ‘Conversational Model’ of Hobson. Outcome measures included time in hospital, number of episodes of violence and self-harm, number of medical appointments, drug use and work history. A ‘morbidity budget’ made up of these items was collated for the year before treatment, the year following treatment, and for the year preceding the 5-year follow-up. Additional measures included DSM-III criteria and a self-report of symptoms. These outcomes were compared to a hypothetical natural history of BPD constructed from the DSM scores of 150 borderline patients aged between 18 and 52 years. Results. Except for one measure, the improvements evident 1 year following treatment were maintained 4 years later. This improvement was not predicted by the hypothetical natural history. Conclusion. A particular form of treatment of BPD has relatively long-lasting, beneficial effects.
Get the Fat Out!

Obesity is associated with increased risk of a number of cancers in humans, but the mechanism(s) responsible for these associations have not been established. It is estimated that 68% of adults are overweight or obese and that obesity may be causative in 4% to 7% of cancers in the United States. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the association between obesity and cancer including adipose-directed signaling (e.g., mTOR, AMPK), production of factors (e.g., insulin growth factor 1, fibroblast growth factor 1, and/or chronic inflammation associated with obesity. Huffman and colleagues used surgical methods to determine if visceral fat was causally related to intestinal tumorigenesis in the Apc1638/N+ mouse in a manner independent of confounding factors such as caloric restriction. They found that caloric restriction could extend survival in both male and female Apc1638/N+ mice but found that surgical removal of visceral fat was only effective in reducing macroadenomas in females. The results of this study do not identify the specific mechanism of association between visceral fat and intestinal carcinogenesis in female mice but do support the rationale for future cancer prevention trials that evaluate pharmacologic and behavioral strategies to reduce abdominal obesity in humans. Cancer Prev Res; 6(3); 161–4. ©2013 AACR.
Social work and the media: A collaborative challenge

The news media play a substantial role in providing the public with information about social workers, the people they serve and the public perception of issues affecting vulnerable people. This information provides a platform for public discussion and performs a key role in making public opinion about what social workers do and how well they do it. Negative and inaccurate news reporting undermines public confidence in service provision, profoundly challenges the professionalism of social workers, thereby increasing risk to the vulnerable. Resolving this conflict is challenging; social workers and journalists each have motivations, accountabilities and structural issues that lead to the inaccurate media portrayal of social work-related stories. This article focuses on the potential of interprofessional education to better manage these barriers, producing socially responsive journalists, media savvy social workers and a collaborative approach towards social justice and democracy. It offers a sampling of interprofessional education projects between schools of social work and journalism, and makes a case for further study in New Zealand.
Initiating a Caregiving Relationship: Pregnancy and Childbirth Factors as Predictors of Maternal Sensitivity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relations between pregnancy and childbirth factors and subsequent quality of maternal interactive behavior in a sample of 116 full-term infants and their mothers. Mothers reported on the conditions of childbirth when infants were 6-8 months of age, and their interactive behavior was observed during a home visit at 12 months. Results showed that mothers who did not report health problems during pregnancy and who had longer pregnancies, shorter hospital stays, natural deliveries, and infants with greater birthweight were found to be more sensitive during interactions with infants at 12 months. All these relations held after accounting for socio-economic factors and maternal psychological distress, except for the effect of type of delivery. This pattern of results, however, was almost exclusively due to mothers who already had at least one other child. Very few such relations were found among primiparous mothers.