Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Management of Adult Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Soft tissue sarcomas are a relatively rare, heterogeneous group of tumors arising from mesenchymal tissues and occurring almost anywhere in the body. The rate of progression and likelihood of hematogenous dissemination, usually to the lung, is determined primarily by tumor grade. The likelihood of regional spread is low. Pretreatment evaluation includes computed tomography of the primary site and chest and magnetic resonance imaging of the primary tumor. The mainstay of treatment is surgery; wide excision for low-grade lesions and wide or radical (compartmental) resection for high-grade tumors. Often, these procedures cannot be achieved either because of the location and extent of the sarcoma or anticipated functional deficit. Adjuvant preoperative and/or postoperative radiotherapy improves the likelihood of local control and preserves function when adequate margins cannot be achieved with surgery alone. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy is unclear; however, some data suggest the doxorubicin containing regimens may improve the likelihood of cure for high-grade lesions, particularly large tumors arising in the extremities. Prognosis is influenced by a variety of factors, including age, tumor size, histologic grade, depth (superficial or deep), histologic subtype, and site. Approximately 90% and 98% of recurrences are observed within 5 years and 10 years, respectively. Five-year overall survival rates range from approximately 60% to 80%.
Adequacy of Peritoneal Dialysis in the Pediatric Patient

T he ability to define an approach to the provision of"adequate" peritoneal dialysis in the pediatric population has been hindered by a number offactors. Foremost among these factors has been the limited availability of information accurately characterizing the solute transport capacity of the peritoneal membrane in children. In addition, the absence of definitive longitudinal clinical outcome data coupled to clearance data has precluded the ability to select any measure of dialysis adequacy as being predictive of well-being, morbidity, or mortality. This paper will address the current status of both issues. The peritoneal equilibration test (PET) has been popularized by Twardowski et al. (1) as a means of characterizing a patient's peritoneal membrane solute transport capacity in comparison to adult population norms. However, the adult PET procedure has not been considered applicable to the pediatric population for two reasons. First, there has been a well-acknowledged but unproven perception that the solute transport function of the pediatric peritoneal membrane, especially that of the infant, is different from that of the adult (2). The second reason relates to the fact that in the "standardized" adult procedure, a fixed exchange volume of2000 mL is used in all patients (1). This approach does not allow for mo dification of the exchange volume to reflect differences in body size of the patient and contributes to the limited usefulness of the procedure in children. Unfortunately, a lack of consensus on the most appropriate scaling factor (body weight vs body surface area) to use in pediatric kinetic studies has historically resulted in widely discrepant results (36). However, direct measurements of the peritoneal membrane by Putiloff et al. (7,8) more than lOO
Critical masses in the decollectivisation of post-Soviet agriculture

Decollectivisation in post-Soviet agriculture has generally been slow except for islands of complete individualisation. Our model interlinks two types of critical mass phenomena that can explain these outcomes. First, positive network externalities reshape decollectivisation incentives after a sufficient number of reform pioneers shift to private farming. Second, workers have preferences for behaving in conformity with their social reference group. This allows collective farm managers interested in cementing their own power to manipulate reference groups by limiting workers' horizons. We provide empirical support with a threshold regression based on a unique data set of regional reform outcomes in Moldova. Oxford University Press and Foundation for the European Review of Agricultural Economics 2009; all rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org, Oxford University Press.
Accuracy of Eyewitness Memory Under Leading Questioning: The Effects of Hypnosis and Anxiety

Hypnosis has gained substantial support in the psychological community, as well as related health professions. The intense renewal of interest in hypnosis has also affected our legal-judicial system. Many police investigators trained in hypnosis operate from an exactcopy memory theory. They claim eyewitness eyewitness retrieve veridically stored memory traces from long-term memory, if questioned under hypnosis. Conversely, other researchers ascribe to a reconstructive memory theory. They believe hypnosis increases the likelihood of eliciting erroneous memories from eyewitnesses, especially under leading questioning. The purpose of the present investigation was to test the effects of hypnotic induction and anxiety on the accuracy of subjects' memory for eyewitnessed events when questioned with leading, non-leading, and embedded misinformation questions.
Contracting and regulatory issues in the oil and gas and metallic minerals industries

This article looks at key regulatory and contractual issues in the oil and gas and also metal minerals industries. It provides an overview of contract types and discusses several state-of-the-art issues. In discussing contract types, it first provides a brief historical backdrop. It then turns to the major contract types. Both the history of traditional concessions and the enumerated present-day contract types are common to oil and gas and also metal mineral extraction. For this reason, they will be discussed together. Among state-of-the-art issues, the article considers (1) contract renegotiations, mainly with regard to Bolivia, Ecuador and the Venezuela; (2) the proposed Iraqi oil law; and (3) the handling of human rights and environmental issues by projects.
C+O detonations in thermonuclear supernovae: interaction with previously burned material

In the context of explosion models for type Ia Supernovae, we present one- and two-dimensional simulations of fully resolved detonation fronts in degenerate C+O White Dwarf matter including clumps of previously burned material. The ability of detonations to survive the passage through sheets of nuclear ashes is tested as a function of the width and composition of the ash region. We show that detonation fronts are quenched by microscopically thin obstacles with little sensitivity to the exact ash composition. Front-tracking models for detonations in macroscopic explosion simulations need to include this effect in order to predict the amount of unburned material in delayed detonation scenarios.
Genetic interactions between CDC7 and CDC28: growth inhibition of cdc28‐1N by Cdc7 point mutants

Background: Cdc7 kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a nuclear phosphoprotein, regulates initiation of chromosomal DNA replication. Overexpression of kinase‐negative Cdc7 point mutants (T281E, D182N and D163N) arrests the cell cycle of the wild‐type Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells at the G1/S boundary. This is caused by titration of a regulatory protein, Dbf4, from the wild‐type Cdc7, which leads to inactivation of its kinase activity.
Resilience, Moorings and International Student Mobilities – Exploring Biographical Narratives of Social Science Students in the UK

Abstract Whilst research into the changing landscape of the UK Higher Education (HE) has produced a burgeoning literature on ‘internationalisation’ and ‘transnational student mobility’ over the past few years, still fairly little is known about international students’ experiences on their way to and through the UK higher and further education. Frequently approaching inter- and transnational education as ‘neutral’ by-products of neoliberal globalisation, elitism and power flows, much HE policy and scholarly debate tend to operate with simplistic classifications of ‘international students’ and therefore fail to account for the multifaceted nature of students’ aspirations, mobilities and life experiences. Drawing on the notion of ‘resilience’ and insights from the ‘new mobilities paradigm’, this paper envisages alternative student mobilities which run parallel or counter to the dominant flows of power, financial and human capital commonly associated with an emerging global knowledge economy. Engaging with ‘resilient’ biographies of social science students studying at three UK HE institutions, the paper challenges narrow student classification regimes and calls for a critical re-evaluation of the relationship between international student mobility and other contemporary forms of migration, displacement and diaspora.
Journeys into Recovery: Family Narratives of First Episode Psychosis and Behavioural Family Therapy

This thesis explores the journeys undertaken by families when someone experiences a first episode of psychosis (FEP), and the family seeks help and receives treatment. A review of the literature on families' experiences of help-seeking for FEP provides a focus on the beginning of this time. The literature is synthesised to reveal a journey through the early help-seeking experience, and the extent to which experiences are shared between carers and individuals with FEP is explored. The empirical research paper provides insight into families' experiences further along on their journey; presenting a qualitative study on family narratives of FEP and Behavioural Family Therapy (BFT). Families completing BFT were interviewed, and narrative analysis was used to identify their shared narratives and the subplots within these. A broad narrative of the journey from illness to recovery is presented, with subplots within each broad phase of the journey considered. The extent to which narratives can provide evidence of effectiveness in BFT is explored, as well as consideration of how such narratives may aid recovery. The role of parental power in maintaining family narratives is considered, and further research and clinical implications are discussed. The reflective review paper presents a reflective background and critique of the literature review and empirical research study, as well as an extended discussion of some points within these. The author's journey through the creation of this thesis is presented, within the wider context of clinical psychology research. Decisions made during creation of the thesis are elucidated, and the limitations and value of the thesis are considered. This reflective journey begins with the author's own epistemological position, and consideration of how this influenced the thesis, and ends with consideration of personal learning points gained during completion of the thesis.
Revisiting Chase Termination for Existential Rules and their Extension to Nonmonotonic Negation

Existential rules have been proposed for representing ontological knowledge, specifically in the context of Ontology- Based Data Access. Entailment with existential rules is undecidable. We focus in this paper on conditions that ensure the termination of a breadth-first forward chaining algorithm known as the chase. Several variants of the chase have been proposed. In the first part of this paper, we propose a new tool that allows to extend existing acyclicity conditions ensuring chase termination, while keeping good complexity properties. In the second part, we study the extension to existential rules with nonmonotonic negation under stable model semantics, discuss the relevancy of the chase variants for these rules and further extend acyclicity results obtained in the positive case.
An Epidemiological Study of Malware Encounters in a Large Enterprise

We present an epidemiological study of malware encounters in a large, multi-national enterprise. Our data sets allow us to observe or infer not only malware presence on enterprise computers, but also malware entry points, network locations of the computers (i.e., inside the enterprise network or outside) when the malware were encountered, and for some web-based malware encounters, web activities that gave rise to them. By coupling this data with demographic information for each host's primary user, such as his or her job title and level in the management hierarchy, we are able to paint a reasonably comprehensive picture of malware encounters for this enterprise. We use this analysis to build a logistic regression model for inferring the risk of hosts encountering malware; those ranked highly by our model have a >3x higher rate of encountering malware than the base rate. We also discuss where our study confirms or refutes other studies and guidance that our results suggest.
A GOOD TEACHER – MEDICAL STUDENTS VIEWS

Lectures have been the most common form of teaching and learning since ancient times. Success of lecturing sessions is inextricably linked with the excellent teaching process. The objective of our study was to find out medical students views about good teacher.The study instrument was a self-administered questionnaire. The study design was cross sectional. 86 pre-clinical M.B. B.S students volunteered to take part in the study. The questionnaire required the respondents to rate 15 parameters and responses were based on a 5 point Likertscale. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis of data and results were expressed as percentage. Among females, majority 30 (63.9%) agreed for use of technology by teachers followed by 29(61.8%) strongly agreeing for teacher summarizing topic at the end of the class, 28(59.7%) for teacher to use simple language and 27(57.4%) for teacher to have good sense of humour. Among males, majority 36 (92.16%) strongly agreed for teacher to have good sense of humour followed by 29(74.3%) for teacher summarising topic at the end of the lecture, 27(69.1%) for teacher to have command on subject. Students views should be considered and follow up studies should be carried out so that appropriate changes in teaching style can be made to justify the place of lecture as a mode of instruction in undergraduate medical education.
The Enigma of Categories 1a20ff and Why It Matters

Perhaps no passage in Aristotle has excited more attention in recent years, or aroused more controversy, than the second paragraph of Chapter 2 of the Categories, from which the above quotation is taken. I want to offer a fresh assessment of this recent discussion, as well as some thoughts on why the controversy remains philosophically important. Paradoxically, I shall offer my fresh assessment by presenting some of the discussion of an ancient commentator, Ammonius. After we have learned what we can from Ammonius, I shall say a little about why it matters which interpretation of Cat Ia20ff we accept.
Oxidative and antioxidative defense system in testicular torsion/detorsion

Aim: The present study was aimed to assess the early effects of ischemia/reperfusion injury on the oxidants and anti-oxidant defense status in rat testicular tissue by measuring MDA, glucose-6-phosphte dehydrogenase activity and reduced glutathione levels in a designated time frame sequel to reperfusion. Animals were divided randomly into six groups (12 animals per group) in the following order: Group I: Sham-operated control group (Cso) without the application of the torsion. Group 2: Torsion-induced ischemia group (T30 m): Ischemia was induced through the torsion of spermatic cord for a period of 30 min. Group 3: One hour reperfusion group after detorsion (T30 mR1 h). Group 4: Twenty-four hour reperfusion group after detorsion (T30 mR24 h). Group 5: Forty-eight hours reperfusion group after detorsion (T30mR48h). Group 6: One week reperfusion group after detorsion (T30mR1wk). Results and Discussion: The oxidant-antioxidant system of the testicular tissue is altered during torsion as well as detorsion which results in the altered activities involved in the key enzyme of hexose monophosphate shunt pathway, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity along with a reduction of glutathione (G.SH) content. The increase in G6PDH activity during torsion and followed by an increase in detorsion indicates the tissue's response to counter the oxidant stress caused by reduced blood supply. Continued exposure to such oxidant stressed physiological state of a tissue may lead to decreased capacity of the tissue to perform its physiological function such as testicular steroidogenesis and spermiogenesis shown in the present study.
Problem-Based Learning, Part 3: Making Sense of and Managing Disjunction

This is the third of three papers which explores the growing influence of problem-based learning (PBL) within professional curricula. Part 1 documented the emergence of PBL in a climate of world-wide change. Part 2 presented the model of Dimensions of Learner Experience and argued that it offers a framework for broadening current understandings of learner experience on diverse PBL programmes. Part 3 discusses the findings of the study, which extend earlier work around the concept of disjunction in learning, and the notion of enabling and disabling forms in relation to three different understandings of learner stance. Disjunction is a concept seen by many as a starting point for learning and, in this study, particular issues appeared to arise from PBL, often in the form of paradoxes, which prompted different forms of disjunction. The study concludes by suggesting that the concept of learner stances offers a framework that challenges current understandings of learner experience on programmes that adopt PBL. It argues that PBL may prompt new forms of transition in relation to students' past, present and future constructions of learning and of themselves as learners.
Relationship of personality characteristics to glucose regulation in adults with diabetes.

&NA; Personality characteristics were assessed in 139 diabetic adults (insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus = 84, non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus = 55) to determine whether a relationship existed between glucose regulation and the measured psychological features. Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) was used to evaluate personality while glycated hemoglobin provided an estimate of recent glucose control. Mean glycated hemoglobin (gHb) for the sample was 11.4%. A significant difference (p = 0.03) in gHb levels was observed comparing subjects with extreme personality features (mean = 11.9%) with those subjects with average personality profiles (mean = 10.9%). Post hoc statistical testing identified opportunistic, alienated, and explosive temperaments as the personality features most often associated with poor glucose control. The TPQ appeared to be a particularly useful predictor of poorer glucose regulation in the subset of patients who were self‐referred.
Direct reticular projections of trigeminal sensory fibers immunoreactive to CGRP: potential monosynaptic somatoautonomic projections

Few trigeminal sensory fibers project centrally beyond the trigeminal sensory complex, with only projections of fibers carried in its sensory anterior ethmoidal (AEN) and intraoral nerves described. Fibers of the AEN project into the brainstem reticular formation where immunoreactivity against substance P and CGRP are found. We investigated whether the source of these peptides could be from trigeminal ganglion neurons by performing unilateral rhizotomies of the trigeminal root and looking for absence of label. After an 8–14 days survival, substance P immunoreactivity in the trigeminal sensory complex was diminished, but we could not conclude that the sole source of this peptide in the lateral parabrachial area and lateral reticular formation arises from primary afferent fibers. Immunoreactivity to CGRP after rhizotomy however was greatly diminished in the trigeminal sensory complex, confirming the observations of others. Moreover, CGRP immunoreactivity was nearly eliminated in fibers in the lateral parabrachial area, the caudal ventrolateral medulla, both the peri-ambiguus and ventral parts of the rostral ventrolateral medulla, in the external formation of the nucleus ambiguus, and diminished in the caudal pressor area. The nearly complete elimination of CGRP in the lateral reticular formation after rhizotomy suggests this peptide is carried in primary afferent fibers. Moreover, the arborization of CGRP immunoreactive fibers in these areas mimics that of direct projections from the AEN. Since electrical stimulation of the AEN induces cardiorespiratory adjustments including an apnea, peripheral vasoconstriction, and bradycardia similar to those seen in the mammalian diving response, we suggest these perturbations of autonomic behavior are enhanced by direct somatic primary afferent projections to these reticular neurons. We believe this to be first description of potential direct somatoautonomic projections to brainstem neurons regulating autonomic activity.
Comparison of the short term efficacy and tolerability of lovastatin and simvastatin in the management of primary hypercholesterolemia.

OBJECTIVES To compare the safety and efficacy of lovastatin and simvastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. METHODS Fourteen Canadian centres participated in this double-blind, randomized, parallel-design study with a six-week screening period, a four-week placebo baseline period and an 18-week active treatment period. Patients were included in the study if their total cholesterol (TC) was at least 6.2 mmol/L and total triglycerides (TG) were 4.0 mmol/L or less at baseline. Half of the patients were in stratum I (TC 6.2 to 7.8 mmol/L at baseline and placebo period) and half in stratum II (TC greater than 7.8 mmol/L). The initial dose of lovastatin or simvastatin (20 and 10 mg/day, respectively) was doubled if the patient's cholesterol was greater than 5.2 mmol/L after six and/or 12 weeks, to a maximum of 80 mg/day lovastatin or 40 mg/day simvastatin. Of 298 randomized patients, two had baseline data only (and were excluded from the efficacy analysis), while 77 were treated with lovastatin and 74 with simvastatin in stratum I, and 72 were on lovastatin and 75 on simvastatin in stratum II. RESULTS In stratum I, both lovastatin and simvastatin lowered TC (-26.0% in both the lovastatin and simvastatin groups), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-33.4% in lovastatin and -34.4% in simvastatin), TG (-11.4% in lovastatin and -16.2% in simvastatin), apolipoprotein (apo)-B (-24.8% in lovastatin and -26.3% in simvastatin) and the TC:high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio (from 6.65 to 4.73 in lovastatin and from 6.45 to 4.46 in simvastatin), and increased HDL cholesterol (+3.6% in lovastatin and +7.8% in simvastatin) and apo-A1 (+6.3% in lovastatin and +9.0% in simvastatin) with P < 0.001 in all within-group tests except for HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05). Similar results were obtained in stratum II for TC (-30.7% in lovastatin and -30.3% in simvastatin), LDL cholesterol (-37.6% in lovastatin and -36.8% in simvastatin), TG (-21.9% in lovastatin and -16.9% in simvastatin), apo-B (-32.0% in lovastatin and -31.7% in simvastatin), TC:HDL cholesterol ratio (from 8.62 to 5.47 in lovastatin and from 8.96 to 5.77 in simvastatin), HDL cholesterol (+9.7% in lovastatin and +7.5% in simvastatin) and apo-A1 (+7.2% in lovastatin and +8.8% in simvastatin), with P < 0.001 in all within-group tests. Serious adverse events (clinical and laboratory) were reported in four patients in the lovastatin group and three in the simvastatin group. The most reported nonserious adverse effects were gastrointestinal tract (15 patients in the lovastatin group and 16 in the simvastatin group) and musculoskeletal (14 patients in the lovastatin group and 11 in the simvastatin group). Medication was withdrawn in eight patients. CONCLUSIONS Both lovastatin and simvastatin were found to be effective and well tolerated in each stratum. However, there were no significant differences between lovastatin and simvastatin in the treatment of moderate or severe primary hypercholesterolemia.