Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic divergence analysis of lime

Genetic divergence of 40 lime accessions was estimated using D2 and principal component analysis. The genotypes under study fell into 6 clusters. The distribution pattern indicated that the maximum number of genotypes were included in cluster III and the minimum number in cluster VI. The inter cluster distance in most of the cases were higher than the intra cluster distance indicating wider genetic diversity among the accessions of different groups. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and III (1568.51) followed by cluster II and VI (1223.72) showing wide diversity among the groups. The highest intra-cluster distance was observed for the cluster III and the lowest for the cluster VI. Leaf area and number of stamen showed maximum contribution towards total divergence among the genotypes.
Exploring the construct validity of the two versions of the Resilience Scale in an Portuguese adolescent sample

The Resilience Scale (RS) is an instrument developed by Wagnild and Young (1993) to access resilience levels. This study aims to explore the construct validity of the two existing versions of the RS. In a Portuguese sample of adolescents from public schools (n=180),, who participated in a Portuguese study about prevention of adolescent depression, both versions were assessed for dimensionality, reliability and concurrent validity. The Principal Components Analysis showed, for each version, one factor solution, respectively with 23 items (RS23) and 13 items (RS13). Good reliability was also found for both versions. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by significant positive correlations between resilience and flourishing scores and negative correlations between resilience, anxiety and depressive symptoms scores.
Design and Implementation of a FPGA-Based AC Servo System

A resolver-based high-performance digital AC servo system realized by using field-programmable logic array (FPGA) is proposed. The intact vector control strategy of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is described with Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) and implemented on one-chip FPGA in accordance with the modern EDA design methodology, which realizes the high density and miniaturization of the AC servo system. In addition, the detailed designs of basic modules such as resolver module, vector transformation, PI regulator and SVPWM module are presented. Simulation and Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has excellent dynamic and steady-state performance
Novel Biomarkers for Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) may be classified in 2 groups: (1) those representing changes in renal function (e.g., serum creatinine or cystatin C and urine flow rate) and (2) those reflecting kidney damage (e.g., kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), interleukin-18, etc.). According to these 2 fundamental criteria, 4 subgroups have been proposed: (1) no marker change; (2) damage alone; (3) functional change alone; and (4) combined damage and functional change. Therefore, a new category of patients with “subclinical AKI” (that is, an increase in damage markers alone without simultaneous loss of kidney function) has been identified. This condition has been associated with higher risk of adverse outcomes (including renal replacement therapy and mortality) at followup. The ability to measure these physiological variables may lead to identification of patients at risk for AKI and early diagnosis of AKI and may lead to variables, which may inform therapeutic decisions.
EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FINANCIAL STRUCTURES IN EUROPE: A CORPORATE FINANCE PERSPECTIVE

The comparative performance of different systems of corporate governance, in turn, has been at the core of recent debates on how to reform financial market institutions. So far, the literature has treated the discussion of internal and external financial structures largely in isolation. However, few attempts have been made so far to combine these two strands of the literature and to analyze the interaction between internal and external financial structures. In this paper we argue that these linkages are important with the support of a stylized model featuring ex post asymmetries between domestic and foreign investors in the credit market. This simple model is able to generate an equity bias in capital imports relative to the internal financing structure. The intuition is that competition from the equity market drives the contractual interest rate in the credit market down to a level where foreign creditors can no longer cover their cost of collecting on defaulting loans. Thus, only domestic creditors, who do not face such a cost, can compete with equity in equilibrium. Foreign creditors get crowded out. As a result, the overall financing structure of the economy reflects the indifference of firms between the two sources of financing in equilibrium, but capital imports consist only of equity.
Counting colored planar maps free-probabilistically

Our main result is an explicit operator-theoretic formula for the number of colored planar maps with a fixed set of stars each of which has a fixed set of half-edges with fixed coloration. The formula bounds the number of such colored planar maps well enough to prove convergence near the origin of generating functions arising naturally in the matrix model context. Such convergence is known but the proof of convergence proceeding by way of our main result is relatively simple. Besides Voiculescu's generalization of Wigner's semicircle law, our main technical tool is an integration identity representing the joint cumulant of several functions of a Gaussian random vector. The latter identity in the case of cumulants of order 2 reduces to one well-known as a means to prove the Poincare inequality. We derive the identity by combining the heat equation with the so-called BKAR formula from constructive quantum field theory and rigorous statistical mechanics.
Regulation of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 production in response to placental ischemia/hypoxia: role of angiotensin II

While soluble fms‐like tyrosine‐1 (sFlt‐1) is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension during preeclampsia, the mechanisms leading to the enhanced sFlt‐1 production remain unclear. A recent report suggests exogenous angiotensin II (ANGII) stimulates sFlt‐1 production in pregnant rats, however, the role of endogenous ANGII in mediating the placental production of sFlt‐1 in response to placental ischemia remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of endogenous ANGII in mediating the placental production of sFlt‐1 in response to placental ischemia in pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats. To this end we compared sFlt‐1 and ANGII levels from placental explants collected from normal pregnant (NP) and Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) rats. sFlt‐1 (3271 ± 264 vs. 2228 ± 324 pg/mL, P < 0.05) and ANGII levels (43.2 ± 2.8 vs. 26.7 ± 1.9 pg/mL, P < 0.05) were higher in placental explants from RUPP rats versus NP rats. Administration of Losartan, an angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist, (10 mg/day for 5 days) to RUPP rats significantly reduced plasma levels of sFlt‐1 (1432 ± 255 pg/mL, P < 0.05) when compared with untreated control rats (3431 ± 454 pg/mL). In addition, RUPP‐induced hypertension was significantly reduced (113 ± 2 mmHg vs. 139 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05). In conclusion, placental sFlt‐1 and ANGII production are significantly elevated in response to placental ischemia in pregnant rats. In addition, AT1 receptor activation, by endogenous ANGII, appears to play an important role in mediating the placental production of sFlt‐1 in response to placental ischemia in pregnant rats.
Binding Site on Membrane Cofactor Protein Identification of the Streptococcal M Protein

GordonA. Fischetti, Chris Bagley, Bruce E. Loveland and David L.Thomas G. Duthy, Dean A. Male, Dale Christiansen, Vince Eleni Giannakis, T. Sakari Jokiranta, Rebecca J. Ormsby,http://www.jimmunol.org/content/168/9/4585J Immunol€2002; 168:4585-4592; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/168/9/4585.full#ref-list-1This article cites 49 articles, 27 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
The forest of merger history trees associated with the formation of dark matter haloes

We describe a simple, efficient algorithm that allows one to construct Monte Carlo realizations of merger histories of dark matter haloes. The algorithm is motivated by the excursion set model for the conditional and unconditional halo mass functions. The forest of trees constructed using this algorithm depends on the underlying power spectrum. For Poisson or white-noise initial power spectra, the forest has exactly the same properties as the ensemble of trees described by Sheth. In this case, many ensemble-averaged higher order statistics of the tree distribution can be computed analytically. For Gaussian initial conditions with more general power spectra, mean properties of our forests closely resemble the mean properties expected from the excursion set approach. For these more general initial conditions, our algorithm shows how to write down simple, analytic approximations to some higher order statistical quantities associated with the forest. These higher order statistics generated using our algorithm, and the associated analytic approximations, are in good agreement with what is measured in numerical simulations of hierarchical gravitational clustering.
Security Analysis of Encrypted Virtual Machines

Cloud computing has become indispensable in today's computer landscape. The flexibility it offers for customers as well as for providers has become a crucial factor for large parts of the computer industry. Virtualization is the key technology that allows for sharing of hardware resources among different customers. The controlling software component, called hypervisor, provides a virtualized view of the computer resources and ensures separation of different guest virtual machines. However, this important cornerstone of cloud computing is not necessarily trustworthy or bug-free. To mitigate this threat AMD introduced Secure Encrypted Virtualization, short SEV, which transparently encrypts a virtual machines memory. In this paper we analyse to what extend the proposed features can resist a malicious hypervisor and discuss the tradeoffs imposed by additional protection mechanisms. To do so, we developed a model of SEV's security capabilities based on the available documentation as actual silicon implementations are not yet on the market. We found that the first proposed version of SEV is not up to the task owing to three design shortcomings. First the virtual machine control block is not encrypted and handled directly by the hypervisor, allowing it to bypass VM memory encryption by executing conveniently chosen gadgets. Secondly, the general purpose registers are not encrypted upon vmexit, leaking potentially sensitive data. Finally, the control over the nested pagetables allows a malicious hypervisor to closely monitor the execution state of a VM and attack it with memory replay attacks.
Inhibition of endocannabinoid metabolism attenuates enhanced hippocampal neuronal activity induced by kainic acid

The endogenous cannabinoid system regulates neuronal excitability. The effects of inhibiting fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme responsible for metabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide, on kainic acid (KA)‐induced neuronal activity were investigated in the rat in vivo, using the selective FAAH inhibitor URB597. Hippocampal neuronal ensemble unit activity was recorded in isoflurane‐anesthetized rats using 16‐wire microelectrode arrays. Separate groups of rats were administered with single doses of KA alone, KA and URB597 (0.3 or 1 mg kg−1, i.p.), or URB597 (1 mg kg−1) alone. The role of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor in mediating the effects of URB597 was explored using the CB1 selective antagonists AM251, either alone or prior to KA and URB597 (1 mg kg−1) administration, and SR141716A, administered prior to KA and URB597 (1 mg kg−1). Neuronal firing and burst firing rates were examined in animals with confirmed dorsal hippocampal placements. KA induced an increase in both firing and burst firing rates, effects which were attenuated by URB597 in a dose‐related manner. Pretreatment with AM251 or SR141716A partly attenuated the URB597‐mediated effects on firing and burst firing rate. Rats treated with AM251 or URB597 alone did not exhibit any significant change in either firing or burst firing rates compared with basal activity. These results suggest that the inhibition of endocannabinoid metabolism can suppress hyperexcitability in the rat hippocampus, partly via a CB1 receptor‐mediated mechanism. Synapse 62:746–755, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
VOSA: Virtual Observatory SED Analyzer. An application to the Collinder 69 open cluster

Context. The physical properties of almost any kind of astronomical object can be derived by fitting synthetic spectra or photometry extracted from theoretical models to observational data. Aims. We want to develop an automatic procedure to perform this kind of fitting to a relatively large sample of members of a stellar association and apply this methodology to the case of Collinder 69. Methods. We combine the multiwavelength data of our sources and follow a work-flow to derive the physical parameters of the sources. The key step of the work-flow is performed by a new VO-tool, VOSA. All the steps in this process are done in a VO environment. Results. We present this new tool, and provide physical parameters such as T eff , gravity, luminosity, etc. for ~170 candidate members of Collinder 69, and an upper-limit for the age of this stellar association. Conclusions. This kind of study of star forming regions, clusters, etc. produces a huge amount of data, very tedious to analyse using the traditional methodology. Thus, they are excellent examples of where to apply the VO techniques.
How Involved Should They Be? Students with ASD in Postsecondary Settings and Their Family Members

We investigated the need for family member involvement for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in postsecondary settings. We also looked at the perceived needed and fulfilled roles of family members and if family member involvement resulted in positive outcomes for postsecondary students with ASD. We surveyed 211 postsecondary Disability Support Professionals (DSPs) through the AHEAD organization. Using a mixed methods approach including inductive content analysis, results primarily indicated that there is a need for family members to be involved non-academically with students with ASD. We discuss roles that DSPs think family members should fulfill versus roles that DSPs think that family members are actually fulfilling. It is apparent that DSPs think family member involvement is important but must be balanced with increasing the independence of students with ASD while enrolled in school.
A Toxicology for the 21st Century—Mapping the Road Ahead

The landmark publication by the National Research Council putting forward a vision of a toxicology for the 21st century in 2007 has created an atmosphere of departure in our field. The alliances formed, symposia and meetings held and the articles following are remarkable, indicating that this is an idea whose time has come. Most of the discussion centers on the technical opportunities to map pathways of toxicity and the financing of the program. Here, the other part of the work ahead shall be discussed, that is, the focus is on regulatory implementation once the technological challenges are managed, but we are well aware that the technical aspects of what the National Academy of Science report suggests still need to be addressed: A series of challenges are put forward which we will face in addition to finding a technical solution (and its funding) to set this vision into practice. This includes the standardization and quality assurance of novel methodologies, their formal validation, their integration into test strategies including threshold setting and finally a global acceptance and implementation. This will require intense conceptual steering to have all pieces of the puzzle come together.
GMRES/CR and Arnoldi/Lanczos as Matrix Approximation Problems

The GMRES and Arnoldi algorithms, which reduce to the CR and Lanczos algorithms in the symmetric case, both minimize ||p(A)b|| over polynomials p of degree n. The difference is that p is normalized at z=0 for GMRES and at z=infinity for Arnoldi. Analogous "ideal GMRES" and "ideal Arnoldi" problems are obtained if one removes b from the discussion and minimizes ||p(A)|| instead. Investigation of these true and ideal approximation problems gives insight into how fast GMRES converges and how the Arnoldi iteration locates eigenvalues.
Phylogenetic methods and aetosaur interrelationships: a rejoinder.

FARRIS, J. S. , AND M. KÄLLERSJÖ. 1998. Asymmetry and explanations. Cladistics 14:159–166. FARRIS, J. S. , M. KÄLLERSJÖ, AND J. E. DE LAET. 2001. Branch lengths do not indicate support—Even in maximum likelihood. Cladistics 17:298–299. FELSENSTEIN, J. 1993. PHYLIP: Phylogeny inference package, version 3.5c. Documentation and program. Department of Genetics, Univ. Washington, Seattle. KIMURA, M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J. Mol. Evol. 16:111–120.
An empirical model for the development and equilibrium morphology of current ripples in fine sand

A flume study on the development and equilibrium morphology of current ripples in fine sand (D50 = 0·238 mm) was performed to extend an empirical model for current ripple stability in 0·095 mm sand to larger grain sizes. The results of the flume experiments agree with the very fine sand model that current ripple development from a flat bed is largely independent of flow velocity. At all flow velocities, ripples evolve from incipient, through straight, sinuous and non‐equilibrium linguoid, to equilibrium linguoid plan morphology. The time needed to achieve an equilibrium linguoid plan form is related to an inverse power of flow velocity and ranges from several minutes to more than hundreds of hours. Average equilibrium height and length are 17·0 mm and 141·1 mm respectively. These values are about 20% larger than in very fine sand. Equilibrium ripple height and length are proportional to flow velocity near the stability field of dunes. In the same velocity range, a characteristic grouping of ripples with smaller ripples migrating on the upstream face of larger ripples was observed.
Wild Anopheles funestus Mosquito Genotypes Are Permissive for Infection with the Rodent Malaria Parasite, Plasmodium berghei

Background Malaria parasites undergo complex developmental transitions within the mosquito vector. A commonly used laboratory model for studies of mosquito-malaria interaction is the rodent parasite, P. berghei. Anopheles funestus is a major malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa but has received less attention than the sympatric species, Anopheles gambiae. The imminent completion of the A. funestus genome sequence will provide currently lacking molecular tools to describe malaria parasite interactions in this mosquito, but previous reports suggested that A. funestus is not permissive for P. berghei development. Methods An A. funestus population was generated in the laboratory by capturing female wild mosquitoes in Mali, allowing them to oviposit, and rearing the eggs to adults. These F1 progeny of wild mosquitoes were allowed to feed on mice infected with a fluorescent P. berghei strain. Fluorescence microscopy was used to track parasite development inside the mosquito, salivary gland sporozoites were tested for infectivity to mice, and parasite development in A. funestus was compared to A. gambiae. Results P. berghei oocysts were detectable on A. funestus midguts by 7 days post-infection. By 18–20 days post-infection, sporozoites had invaded the median and distal lateral lobes of the salivary glands, and hemocoel sporozoites were observed in the hemolymph. Mosquitoes were capable of infecting mice via bite, demonstrating that A. funestus supports the complete life cycle of P. berghei. In a random sample of wild mosquito genotypes, A. funestus prevalence of infection and the characteristics of parasite development were similar to that observed in A. gambiae-P. berghei infections. Conclusions The data presented in this study establish an experimental laboratory model for Plasmodium infection of A. funestus, an important vector of human malaria. Studying A. funestus-Plasmodium interactions is now feasible in a laboratory setting. This information lays the groundwork for exploitation of the awaited genome sequence of A. funestus.
CEO Wrongdoing: A Review of Pressure, Opportunity, and Rationalization

Wrongdoing, and specifically that which is committed by top executives, has attracted scholars for decades for a number of reasons. Among them, the consequences of wrongdoing are widespread for organizations and the people in and around them. Due to the vast array of consequences, there continues to be new questions and additional scholarly attempts to uncover why it occurs. In this review, we build upon previous efforts to synthesize the body of literature regarding the antecedents of CEO wrongdoing utilizing a framework that sheds light on the status of the literature and where unanswered questions remain. We apply the Fraud Triangle, a framework drawn from the accounting literature, to derive conclusions about what we know about the pressures faced by CEOs, the opportunities afforded to CEOs to commit wrongdoing, and contributing factors to a CEO’s ability to rationalize misbehavior. We organize the literature on these conceptual antecedents of CEO wrongdoing around internal (e.g., compensation structure and organizational culture) and external (e.g., shareholder pressure and social aspirations) forces. In doing so, we integrate findings from a variety of disciplines (i.e., accounting, finance, and sociology) but remain focused on management scholarship since the last review of organizational wrongdoing to provide an updated state of the literature. This review offers a clear framework and a common language; it highlights gaps in the literature and specific directions for future research with the ultimate goal of understanding why CEOs engage in wrongdoing.