Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of Interpersonal Skills in Contemporary Policing: Are Police Adequately Prepared

Statement of Problem It is argued that many of today's police are substantially ill-prepared in meeting the demands within contemporary policing philosophies (Linfoot, 2007, 2008). An area of much criticism rests with their ability to effectively and efficiently communicate within their areas of official responsibility with significant impact to overall performance at combating crime and countering terrorism. Within this realm, numerous areas with direct and indirect relationship to interpersonal and communication skills are explored and examined as possibly being contributory toward police communicative deficit. Some researchers argue recruiting, selection, and hiring practices do not adequately identify those possessing adequate interpersonal skills (Decicco, 2000; Means & Lowry, 2011; Means, Lowry, & Conroy, 2011a, 2011b; Ortmeier & Meese III, 2010), while other research demonstrates notably absent consideration for interpersonal and communication skills assessment (Henson, Reyns, Klahm IV, & Frank, 2010; Sanders, 2003, 2008; White, 2008; White & Escobar, 2008). Other scholars allege inadequate interpersonal and communication training of personnel is contributory (Meadows, 1987; Walters, 2003; Woods, 2000), while others argue higher education is the remedy to this inadequacy (Dominey & Hill, 2010; Ortmeier & Meese III, 2010; Paynich, 2009; Schmalleger, 2009).
What Is Culinary Medicine and What Does It Do?

Over the past 35 years, a new enthusiasm has emerged about the relationship of food, eating, and cooking to personal health and wellness. Though there are few peerreviewed publications, grant monies, books, or biomedical journals entitled ‘‘culinary medicine,’’ there are thousands of peer-reviewed publications, found mainly in mainstream medical journals that form its published research base. How can the emerging field of culinary medicine be helpfully described?
Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness

Significance The use of light-emitting electronic devices for reading, communication, and entertainment has greatly increased recently. We found that the use of these devices before bedtime prolongs the time it takes to fall asleep, delays the circadian clock, suppresses levels of the sleep-promoting hormone melatonin, reduces the amount and delays the timing of REM sleep, and reduces alertness the following morning. Use of light-emitting devices immediately before bedtime also increases alertness at that time, which may lead users to delay bedtime at home. Overall, we found that the use of portable light-emitting devices immediately before bedtime has biological effects that may perpetuate sleep deficiency and disrupt circadian rhythms, both of which can have adverse impacts on performance, health, and safety. In the past 50 y, there has been a decline in average sleep duration and quality, with adverse consequences on general health. A representative survey of 1,508 American adults recently revealed that 90% of Americans used some type of electronics at least a few nights per week within 1 h before bedtime. Mounting evidence from countries around the world shows the negative impact of such technology use on sleep. This negative impact on sleep may be due to the short-wavelength–enriched light emitted by these electronic devices, given that artificial-light exposure has been shown experimentally to produce alerting effects, suppress melatonin, and phase-shift the biological clock. A few reports have shown that these devices suppress melatonin levels, but little is known about the effects on circadian phase or the following sleep episode, exposing a substantial gap in our knowledge of how this increasingly popular technology affects sleep. Here we compare the biological effects of reading an electronic book on a light-emitting device (LE-eBook) with reading a printed book in the hours before bedtime. Participants reading an LE-eBook took longer to fall asleep and had reduced evening sleepiness, reduced melatonin secretion, later timing of their circadian clock, and reduced next-morning alertness than when reading a printed book. These results demonstrate that evening exposure to an LE-eBook phase-delays the circadian clock, acutely suppresses melatonin, and has important implications for understanding the impact of such technologies on sleep, performance, health, and safety.
Control of DC bus voltage with a Modular Multilevel Converter

Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) are becoming increasingly popular with the development of HVDC connection and, in the future, Multi Terminal DC grid. A lot of publications have been published about this topology these last years since it was first proposed. Few of them are addressing explicitly the two different roles that are held by this converter in a HVDC link: controlling the power or controlling the DC voltage level. Most of the time, the DC-bus voltage is supposed to be constant. In an HVDC link, this corresponds to the substation which controls the power. This paper addresses the cases when the voltage is regulated by the converter and presents the different ways of voltage control.
Discrete-rate adaptive modulation with optimum switching thresholds for space-time coded multipleinput multiple-output system with imperfect channel state information

The performance analysis of a space-time coded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with variable-rate adaptive modulation over flat Rayleigh fading channels for both perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) is presented. In this study, the optimum fading gain switching thresholds for attaining maximum spectrum efficiency (SE) subject to an average bit error rate (BER) constraint are derived. The existence and uniqueness of the Lagrange multiplier in the constrained SE optimisation is studied. It is shown that the Lagrange multiplier does exist and is unique for imperfect CSI. On the other hand, the Lagrange multiplier will be unique if the existence condition for MIMO under perfect CSI is satisfied. A practical iterative algorithm based on Newton's method for finding the Lagrange multiplier is proposed. By the switching thresholds, closed-form expressions of the SE and average BER are obtained. Simulation results for SE and BER are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. The results show that the space-time block coded MIMO system using adaptive modulation (AM-STBC-MIMO) with average BER constraint provides SE better than AM-STBC-MIMO with fixed thresholds, and AM-STBC-MIMO using a BER upper bound, but it has performance degradation in SE for imperfect CSI.
His and Hers : How Military Spouses Experience Physical, Psychological, and Relational Health

Within military couples military personnel and their civilian spouses experience both common and unique complexities due to their connection to the military; however the literature to date has only scratched the surface in investigating how the health of both members of the couple is influenced by this experience. The purpose of the present study was to extend what is currently known about the interface between biological psychological and relational health for military couples. Trends within the literature reveal that civilian spouses often face significant challenges as a result of their connection to the military at a comparable level to their military husbands. The present study found that distress depression and physiological stress were significant predictors of wives' relational health factors (i.e. marital quality and marital satisfaction) but did not predict husbands' relational health. It is recommended that systemic assessments be developed to fully capture how each spouse's individual experiences inform the couple's relational health. In addition general mental health assessments including distress screenings should be implemented regularly for civilian spouses seeking services at military medical facilities. Lastly primary care military medical clinics should adopt an integrated care model to consider and treat medical and mental health concerns concurrently.
Genetic Relationship between Milk Production, Calving Ease and Days Open at First Parity in Holstein Cows

Data containing 14,188 lactation and reproductive records of Korean Holstein cows at first parity distributed across 3,734 herd-year-season groups were analyzed to get genetic (co)variance estimates for milk yield, fat yield, calving ease, and days open. Milk and Fat yields were adjusted to 305 d. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated in two different animal models on which were included direct genetic effects (Model 1) and direct+maternal genetic effects (Model 2) using REML algorithms. Milk and fat yields were affected by age at first calving as linear and quadratic. Heritability estimates of direct effects were 0.25 for milk yield, 0.17 for fat yield, 0.03 for calving ease and 0.03 for days open in Model 2. These estimates for maternal effects were 0.05, 0.08, 0.04 and less than 0.01 for each corresponding trait. Milk productions at first lactation were to show genetically favorable correlation with calving ease and days open for direct genetic effects (-0.24 - -0.11). Moreover, calving ease was correlated with days open of 0.30 for direct genetic effects. Correlations between direct and maternal effects for each trait were negatively correlated (-0.63 - -0.32). This study suggested that maternal additive genetic variance would be not ignorable for genetic evaluation of milk production as well as reproductive traits such as calving ease and days open at first parity. Furthermore, difficult calving would genetically influence the next conception.
Effect of husbandry system on broken bones and bone strength in hens

The effects of rearing system, forced moulting and three different layer housing systems on broken bones and bone strength, were examined in hens at the end of lay. Weak bones and broken bones were more common in battery hens which had been reared to point of lay on deep litter rather than in cages. The incidence of old breaks was greater in perchery birds (14 per cent) than in tiered terrace birds (5 per cent), and there was also a difference between their incidence in two types of perchery design (17 per cent and 11 per cent). Moulting was associated with a transient decline in bone strength, followed by an increase in strength during the second lay.
READING TRENDS AND IMPROVING READING SKILLS AMONG STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA

Reading skills are important throughout our lifespan, particularly as we respond to new demands and changes in jobs and reading for pleasure or recreational has been found to improve reading comprehension, writing style, vocabulary, and grammatical development. Lack of literacy skills including reading causes problems for living, working and survival in general. Malaysian National Literacy Survey reported that Malaysians still read an average of two books a year which is very alarming. Through reading, we acquire new ideas and knowledge, obtain needed information, relax the minds, and improve our command of language and vocabulary. The general trend of reading is for examinations rather than for information or pleasure. Research has proven that Malaysian do not read enough and the mainstream of readers are students reading books for examinations rather than knowledge and pleasure. This paper will attempt to show the readings trends and relate the importance of reading and conditioning this behavior towards a habitual way of life amongst Malaysian students. Certain past and current research will be used as a platform to provide solutions to improve and increase the intensity of reading amongst Malaysians. The paper concludes that some of the methods of improving reading among students participation in classes, homework to improve reading comprehension developing the survey, question, read, recite and review (SQ3R) method and peer teaching. The holy grail of reading begins at home as parents promote the reading skill and later into a habit for their children.
The Hillary Clinton effect

If successful role models undo stereotype threat effects by providing reassurance that group members can “take care of themselves,” then the same real-world role model might inspire those who think she deserved success, but fail to inspire those who think she did not. In a pilot study, some women participants listed Hillary Clinton high among women who deserved their success; others listed her high among women who did not deserve their success. The former participants, but not the latter, claimed her success came from internal and stable causes and would inspire them in difficult situations. In the main study, women rated how much Hillary Clinton deserved her success. One month later, they were placed under mathematics stereotype threat, read a factual biography of Hillary Clinton, and took a GRE-Q test. Those who had earlier claimed Clinton deserved her success scored as well as a test-only control group; those who had earlier claimed she did not deserve her success scored as poorly as a threat-only control group. The results are seen as contributing to theories of role models, stereotype threat, and attribution.
Fetal Hemoglobin Response to Hydroxyurea in Yemeni Sickle Cell Disease Patients

To assess the Hb F response to hydroxyurea (HU) in Yemeni sickle cell disease, 86 patients attending hospitals in Sana'a City, Yemen, were studied. Group I (short-term follow-up, n = 21) were treated with 500 mg/day HU for 3–6 months; group II (long-term, n = 26) were treated with 500 mg/day HU for 8–48 months; group III were untreated (n = 39). Hb F levels were monitored using cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Group I showed significant increase in Hb F level after treatment (10.0 ± 5.8 to 13.8 ± 5.9%). Hb F level increased significantly with treatment in group II when compared to group III. The increase in Hb F level was associated with increased hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Hydroxyurea, even at a low dose, appears to be effective in raising Hb F levels in Yemeni sickle cell disease patients without any association of major side effects. Further study is required to investigate its maximum tolerated dose and its effects on increase in Hb F, frequency of acute crisis and any long-term toxicity.
A 5-year follow-up comparative analysis of the efficacy of various osseointegrated dental implant systems: a systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials.

PURPOSE To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in failure rates between various root-formed osseointegrated dental implant systems after 5 years of loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search was conducted for all randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) comparing different implant systems with a follow-up of 5 years. The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched. Several dental journals were also searched by hand. Written contacts were established with authors of the identified RCTs and with more than 55 oral implant manufacturers and personal contacts to identify unpublished RCTs. No language restriction was applied. The last electronic search was conducted on February 1, 2005. Screening of eligible studies, quality assessment, and data extraction were conducted in duplicate. Results were expressed as random effect models using weighted mean differences for continuous outcomes and relative risk for dichotomous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Ten RCTs were identified. Four of these RCTs, reporting results from a total of 204 patients, were considered suitable for inclusion. Six different implant types were compared. On a per-patient rather than a per-implant basis, there were no statistically significant differences, with the exception of more marginal bone loss around early loaded Southern implants when compared to early loaded Steri-Oss implants (mean difference -0.35 mm; 95% CI -0.70 to -0.01). However, the difference disappeared in the meta-analysis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS There were no clinical differences among implant systems. However, these findings are based on only 4 RCTs with few participants. More RCTs should be conducted with larger patient samples.
Reduced Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway Flux in Recombinant Xylose-Utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Improves the Ethanol Yield from Xylose

ABSTRACT In recombinant, xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae, about 30% of the consumed xylose is converted to xylitol. Xylitol production results from a cofactor imbalance, since xylose reductase uses both NADPH and NADH, while xylitol dehydrogenase uses only NAD+. In this study we increased the ethanol yield and decreased the xylitol yield by lowering the flux through the NADPH-producing pentose phosphate pathway. The pentose phosphate pathway was blocked either by disruption of the GND1 gene, one of the isogenes of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, or by disruption of the ZWF1 gene, which encodes glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Decreasing the phosphoglucose isomerase activity by 90% also lowered the pentose phosphate pathway flux. These modifications all resulted in lower xylitol yield and higher ethanol yield than in the control strains. TMB3255, carrying a disruption of ZWF1, gave the highest ethanol yield (0.41 g g−1) and the lowest xylitol yield (0.05 g g−1) reported for a xylose-fermenting recombinant S. cerevisiae strain, but also an 84% lower xylose consumption rate. The low xylose fermentation rate is probably due to limited NADPH-mediated xylose reduction. Metabolic flux modeling of TMB3255 confirmed that the NADPH-producing pentose phosphate pathway was blocked and that xylose reduction was mediated only by NADH, leading to a lower rate of xylose consumption. These results indicate that xylitol production is strongly connected to the flux through the oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway.
Esteatose hepática em crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso: relação com os componentes da síndrome metabólica

Introducao: O excesso de peso na infância particularmente na adolescencia esta relacionado com varias co-morbidades, tais como dislipidemia, hipertensao arterial sistemica, resistencia a insulina, Sindrome Metabolica (SM) e Doenca Hepatica Gordurosa Nao Alcoolica. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalencia de esteatose hepatica (EH), perfil das enzimas hepaticas e sua associacao com os componentes da sindrome metabolica em criancas e adolescentes com excesso de peso. Metodologia: Estudo transversal envolvendo 152 criancas e adolescentes atendidas no sistema unico de saude do municipio de Campina Grande-PB. Para a comparacao entre os grupos de acordo com a presenca ou nao da esteatose hepatica ou da sindrome metabolica foi utilizado o teste do Qui-quadrado ou o de Fisher e a analise de variância. A capacidade das enzimas hepaticas para identificarem a esteatose hepatica ou a sindrome metabolica foi avalida atraves da curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). A analise estatistica foi realizada no SPSS versao 17.0 e considerado um intervalo de confianca de 95%. Resultados: A EH foi observada em 25,9% das criancas e adolescentes com sobrepeso/obesidade, sendo mais frequente entre as criancas (29,2%), do sexo masculino (28,3% ) e nos obesos graves (30,1%). Em relacao as enzimas hepaticas, foi observada a associacao de EH com o Gama-GT com o ponto de corte de 24U/L (p=0,040). As medias das enzimas hepaticas aumentaram significativamente de acordo com a presenca e o grau da esteatose. Os valores medios de ALT e Gama-GT foram estatisticamente superiores no grupo com SM. Observou-se um maior valor medio de insulina e HOMA-IR (p=0,001) e uma tendencia de PAS mais elevada (p=0,052) nos que tinham EH. Nenhuma das enzimas hepaticas apresentaram um bom ponto de corte para o diagnotico da EH. Ja o Gama-Gt no valor de 19,5 U/L foi um bom preditor da SM. Conclusoes: A elevada prevalencia de EH na populacao estudada (25,9%) e a ausencia de um ponto de corte adequado das enzimas hepaticas para o diagnostico desta condicao contribuem para levantar evidencias sobre a necessidade de se realizar a ultrassonografia em criancas e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade como criterio para avaliacao da esteatose hepatica. Alteracoes em enzimas hepaticas, principalmente a Gama-GT, apresentam associacao com a sindrome metabolica, e isoladamente com os triglicerideos.
Drama as a Teaching Technique in the Second Language Classroom

What we learn is influenced and organized by emotions and mind-sets involving expectancy, personal biases and prejudices, self-esteem, and the need for social interaction. The brain ceaselessly performs many functions simultaneously (Omstein & Thompson, 1984). Thoughts, emotions, imagination, and predisposition operate concurrently. Thus, emotions and cognition cannot be separated (Omstein & Sobel, 1987; Lakoff, 1987; McGuinness & Pribram, 1980; Halgren, 1983). As a pedagogical process, drama can provide the means for connecting students’ emotions and cognition. With drama as a teaching technique in the classroom, students’ own concerns, interests, and needs are recognized. Through drama, an instructor can challenge students to expand their knowledge. Verriour says “the teacher structures the drama to expand students’ current spheres of reference and increase their understanding, so that each drama provides them with new experiences and fresh perspectives from which to reflect on these experiences” (1985b, p. 150). Drama allows students to take risks with language and experience the connection between thought and action. According to Verriour: “The teacher’s primary aim is to devise dramatic situations which encourage students to engage in independent thinking in order to gain fresh insights about themselves and their world” (1985b, p. 150). Each of us learns our native language through multiple interactive experiences involving vocabulary and grammar. It is shaped both by internal processes and by social interaction (Vygotsky, 1978). Drama provides active communication among students and between students and instructors. Verriour argues that “Drama can also provide both teacher and students opportunities for actively negotiating meanings in situations which require abstract, reflective thought and language” (1985a, p. 186). This article discusses a proficiency problem of some graduates of the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC). The author discusses a simple study which was conducted in a DLIFLC classroom. The author presents the results of the study and discusses them. At the end of the article the author offers recommendations and a proposed lesson plan.
New Moves: Targeting physical and mental well-being in people with mental illness

The New Moves program, developed by The Schizophrenia Fellowship of NSW, specifically targets the physical health and recovery needs of people with a mental illness. New Moves engages participants in exercise activities that target cardiovascular fitness and strength training. Activities are performed in a group environment with peer support, which encourages social interaction and interpersonal skill development. By participating in the preparation of healthy meals and a variety of educational discussion topics, participants learn skills to manage their physical health and long term recovery better. Program evaluation has found significant benefits to physical health, social well-being and quality of life.