Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semantic Type Effects on Crossing Movement in German

Recently, the status of (1b) as a violation of a grammatical constraint has been 10 questioned (e.g., Hofmeister et al. (2007)). The idea is that crossing movement as 11 in (1b) is just more difficult to process than its non-crossing counterpart (1a), and 12 that the perception of this processing difficulty is responsible for the (dramatically) 13 reduced acceptability of (1b). Proponents of a grammatical account of the contrast in 14 (1) need not deny a processing difficulty difference in (1) – they might rather claim 15 that this processing difficulty difference has been grammaticalized in English. 16 Some evidence for the correctness of a grammaticalization analysis of (1) comes 17 from a comparison of English with Czech, German, and Russian. On the one hand, 18 there is experimental evidence that genuine superiority effects are absent in Czech 19 (Meyer (2004)), German (Fanselow et al. (accepted)) and Russian (Fedorenko & 20 Gibson (submitted)). The two sentences in German (3) do not differ in acceptability. 21 Therefore, there is no constraint at work in German or Russian syntax that blocks 22 crossing movement. 23
Generating Consistent Buildings: A Semantic Approach for Integrating Procedural Techniques

Computer games often take place in extensive virtual worlds, attractive for roaming and exploring. Unfortunately, current virtual cities can strongly hinder this kind of gameplay, since the buildings they feature typically have replicated interiors, or no interiors at all. Procedural content generation is becoming more established, with many techniques for automatically creating specific building elements. However, the integration of these techniques to form complete buildings is still largely unexplored, limiting their application to open game worlds. We propose a novel approach that integrates existing procedural techniques to generate such buildings. With minimal extensions, individual techniques can be coordinated to create buildings with consistently interrelated exteriors and interiors, as in the real world. Our solution offers a framework where various procedural techniques communicate with a moderator, which is responsible for negotiating the placement of building elements, making use of a library of semantic classes and constraints. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach by presenting several examples featuring the integration of a façade shape grammar, two different floor plan layout generation techniques, and furniture placement techniques. We conclude that this approach allows one to preserve the individual qualities of existing procedural techniques, while assisting the consistency maintenance of the generated buildings.
Using analytic hierarchy process approach in ontological multicriterial decision making - Preliminary considerations

In this paper we consider combining ontologically demarcated information with Saaty's Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) [1] for the multicriterial assessment of offers during contract negotiations. The context for the proposal is provided by the Agents in Grid project (AiG; [2]), which aims at development of an agent-based infrastructure for efficient resource management in the Grid. In the AiG project, software agents representing users can either (1) join a team and earn money, or (2) find a team to execute a job. Moreover, agents form teams, managers of which negotiate with clients and workers terms of potential collaboration. Here, ontologically described contracts (Service Level Agreements) are the results of autonomous multiround negotiations. Therefore, taking into account relatively complex nature of the negotiated contracts, multicriterial assessment of proposals plays a crucial role. The AHP method is based on pairwise comparisons of criteria and relies on the judgement of a panel of experts. It .
Application of combined electric- and magnetic-conductor ground planes for antenna performance enhancement

This paper investigates the application of three different ground planes for antenna performance enhancement. They are the conventional perfect electric conductor (PEC), the perfect magnetic conductor (PMC), and their combination. A half-wavelength dipole in free space is considered as the reference case, and its performance over these ground planes is investigated and compared. It is shown that by using a combined PMC-PEC ground plane, one can achieve a better performance. Next, a microstrip patch antenna is considered as the source and is placed over a high-impedance surface (HIS) or an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). Here too, adding a PEC ground plane on the periphery of the HIS or AMC improves the antenna gain significantly. As well, the superiority of AMC ground planes, consisting of grounded dielectric slabs loaded with periodic metallic patches without shorting pins (vias), is investigated in detail. Simulation results show that use of such artificial ground planes can enhance the microstrip patch antenna gain and bandwidth remarkably. These enhancements are confirmed by measurement, and high gains of 10.4 dBi and input impedance bandwidths of 28% are measured.
Network Stochastic Programming for Valuing Reservoir Storage

Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signators, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. The stochastic nature of hydrologic inflows complicates the simultaneous optimization of hydropower for a multi-stage, multi-reservoir system. The expected value of hydropower must be simultaneously optimized over all time steps and scenarios. Previous research (Stochastic Programming with Recourse) has represented alternative inflow scenarios with a tree structure that branches after each time step and grows exponentially. This research replaces the tree structure with a network structure that grows only linearly as the number of time steps modeled increases. Benders Decomposition allows both the tree structure and the network structure to be optimized as a series of subproblems-one for each arc in the scenario structure. Using this network representation, an 8-week network stochastic programming model of the Tennessee River Basin converged rapidly to an upper bound on hydropower value. This research also provided preliminary results for a lower bound calculation as well as a goal programming solution. The network structure may also be a suitable replacement for the tree structure in stochastic applications outside of hydropower optimization. Acknowledgements The completion of this thesis would not have been possible without the support of many people. I would like to thank my advisors, Balaji Rajagopalan, Edith Zagona and Ken Strzepek for their feedback and support. I would also like to especially thank Tim Magee for his guidance and devotion of time throughout this project. 4 I would like to acknowledge the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) for providing funding for this project. Specifically, I am grateful to Suzanne Biddle for her communication, feedback and willingness to provide data regarding the Tennessee Valley when needed. In addition, I would like to thank the Center for Advanced Decision Support in Water and Environmental Systems (CADSWES) for also providing funding and the use of their resources. I am indebted to all of the staff at CADSWES for their technical advice and support. Finally, I would to thank my wife Anna, as well as the rest of my family, for enduring with me throughout this project and always being there for encouragement.
Analytic problems for elliptic curves

We consider some problems of analytic number theory for elliptic curves which can be considered as analogues of classical questions around the distribution of primes in arithmetic progressions to large moduli, and of the question of twin primes. This leads to some local results on the distribution of the group structures of elliptic curves defined over a prime finite field, exhibiting an interesting dichotomy for the occurence of the possible groups. (Note : This paper was initially written in 2000/01, but after a four year wait for a referee report, it is now withdrawn and deposited in the arXiv).
SNAP Participants’ Eating Patterns over the Benefit Month: A Time Use Perspective

Individuals receiving monthly benefits through the U.S. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) often fall short of food at the end of the month and some report feelings of hunger. To investigate this situation, we used time diaries from the 2006–08 American Time Use Survey and Eating & Health Module to identify the timing of days where respondents reported no eating occurrences. Analysis includes descriptive statistics, a logit model, and a simulated benefit month. We found that SNAP participants were increasingly more likely than nonparticipants to report a day with no eating occurrences over the benefit issuance cycle. This supports the view that there is a monthly cycle in food consumption associated with the SNAP monthly benefit issuance policy.
Broadband Distributed-Feedback Quantum Cascade Laser Array Operating From 8.0 to 9.8 $\mu$ m

An ultra-broadband distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser array was fabricated, using a heterogeneous cascade based on two bound-to-continuum designs centered at 8.4 and 9.6 mum. This array emitted in a range over 220 cm-1 near a 9-mu m wavelength, operated in pulsed mode at room temperature. The output power of the array varied between 100- and 1100-mW peak intensity.
Th1-Induced CD106 Expression Mediates Leukocytes Adhesion on Synovial Fibroblasts from Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients

This study tested the hypothesis that subsets of human T helper cells can orchestrate leukocyte adhesion to synovial fibroblasts (SFbs), thus regulating the retention of leukocytes in the joints of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients. Several cell types, such as monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes, T and B lymphocytes, SFbs and osteoclasts participate in joint tissue damage JIA. Among T cells, an enrichment of classic and non-classic Th1 subsets, has been found in JIA synovial fluid (SF), compared to peripheral blood (PB). Moreover, it has been shown that IL-12 in the SF of inflamed joints mediates the shift of Th17 lymphocytes towards the non-classic Th1 subset. Culture supernatants of Th17, classic and non-classic Th1 clones, have been tested for their ability to stimulate proliferation, and to induce expression of adhesion molecules on SFbs, obtained from healthy donors. Culture supernatants of both classic and non-classic Th1, but not of Th17, clones, were able to induce CD106 (VCAM-1) up-regulation on SFbs. This effect, mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, was crucial for the adhesion of circulating leukocytes on SFbs. Finally, we found that SFbs derived from SF of JIA patients expressed higher levels of CD106 than those from healthy donors, resembling the phenotype of SFbs activated in vitro with Th1-clones supernatants. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that classic and non-classic Th1 cells induce CD106 expression on SFbs through TNF-α, an effect that could play a role in leukocytes retention in inflamed joints.
DISCERNING THE PHYSICAL ORIGINS OF COSMOLOGICAL GAMMA-RAY BURSTS BASED ON MULTIPLE OBSERVATIONAL CRITERIA: THE CASES OF z = 6.7 GRB 080913, z = 8.2 GRB 090423, AND SOME SHORT/HARD GRBs

The two high-redshift gamma-ray bursts, GRB 080913 at z = 6.7 and GRB 090423 at z = 8.2, recently detected by Swift appear as intrinsically short, hard GRBs. They could have been recognized by BATSE as short/hard GRBs should they have occurred at z ⩽ 1. In order to address their physical origin, we perform a more thorough investigation on two physically distinct types (Type I/II) of cosmological GRBs and their observational characteristics. We reiterate the definitions of Type I/II GRBs and then review the following observational criteria and their physical motivations: supernova (SN) association, specific star-forming rate (SFR) of the host galaxy, location offset, duration, hardness, spectral lag, statistical correlations, energetics and collimation, afterglow properties, redshift distribution, luminosity function, and gravitational wave signature. Contrary to the traditional approach of assigning the physical category based on the gamma-ray properties (duration, hardness, and spectral lag), we take an alternative approach to define the Type I and Type II Gold Samples using several criteria that are more directly related to the GRB progenitors (SN association, host galaxy type, and specific SFR). We then study the properties of the two Gold Samples and compare them with the traditional long/soft and short/hard samples. We find that the Type II Gold Sample reasonably tracks the long/soft population, although it includes several intrinsically short (shorter than 1 s in the rest frame) GRBs. The Type I Gold Sample only has five GRBs, four of which are not strictly short but have extended emission. Other short/hard GRBs detected in the Swift era represent the BATSE short/hard sample well, but it is unclear whether all of them belong to Type I. We suggest that some (probably even most) high-luminosity short/hard GRBs instead belong to Type II. Based on multiple observational criteria, we suggest that GRB 080913 and GRB 090423 are more likely Type II events. In general, we acknowledge that it is not always straightforward to discern the physical categories of GRBs, and re-emphasize the importance of invoking multiple observational criteria. We cautiously propose an operational procedure to infer the physical origin of a given GRB with available multiple observational criteria, with various caveats laid out.
Performance analysis of IEEE 802.11p in urban environments using a multi-agent model

IEEE 802.11p is a technology used for communication between cars, related to security issues, warning of incidents or mere exchange of different types of information. Future cars will have the ability to communicate to other cars and roadside data systems to spread information about congestion, road conditions and accidents. They will also access travel-related Internet services, publicity from business nearby, tourist information or even exchange user files. In this paper a highly configurable agent based simulator that models communication between cars in an urban environment will be presented. Using it, different measurements will be taken, which will allow us to analyze this technology in different scenarios.
Reduced Lateral Mobility of Lipids and Proteins in Crowded Membranes

Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of the E. coli outer membrane proteins FhuA, LamB, NanC, OmpA and OmpF in a POPE/POPG (3∶1) bilayer were performed to characterise the diffusive nature of each component of the membrane. At small observation times (<10 ns) particle vibrations dominate phospholipid diffusion elevating the calculated values from the longer time-scale bulk value (>50 ns) of 8.5×10−7 cm2 s−1. The phospholipid diffusion around each protein was found to vary based on distance from protein. An asymmetry in the diffusion of annular lipids in the inner and outer leaflets was observed and correlated with an asymmetry in charged residues in the vicinity of the inner and outer leaflet head-groups. Protein rotational and translational diffusion were also found to vary with observation time and were inversely correlated with the radius of gyration of the protein in the plane of the bilayer. As the concentration of protein within the bilayer was increased, the overall mobility of the membrane decreased reflected in reduced lipid diffusion coefficients for both lipid and protein components. The increase in protein concentration also resulted in a decrease in the anomalous diffusion exponent α of the lipid. Formation of extended clusters and networks of proteins led to compartmentalisation of lipids in extreme cases.
Bin-Hash Indexing: A Parallel Method for Fast Query Processing

This paper presents a new parallel indexing data structure for answering queries. The index, called Bin-Hash, offers extremely high levels of concurrency, and is therefore well-suited for the emerging commodity of parallel processors, such as multi-cores, cell processors, and general purpose graphics processing units (GPU). The Bin-Hash approach first bins the base data, and then partitions and separately stores the values in each bin as a perfect spatial hash table. To answer a query, we first determine whether or not a record satisfies the query conditions based on the bin boundaries. For the bins with records that can not be resolved, we examine the spatial hash tables. The procedures for examining the bin numbers and the spatial hash tables offer the maximum possible level of concurrency; all records are able to be evaluated by our procedure independently in parallel. Additionally, our Bin-Hash procedures access much smaller amounts of data than similar parallel methods, such as the projection index. This smaller data footprint is critical for certain parallel processors, like GPUs, where memory resources are limited. To demonstrate the effectiveness of Bin-Hash, we implement it on a GPU using the data-parallel programming language CUDA. The concurrency offered by the Bin-Hash index allows us to fully utilize the GPU's massive parallelism in our work; over 12,000 records can be simultaneously evaluated at any one time. We show that our new query processing method is an order of magnitude faster than current state-of-the-art CPU-based indexing technologies. Additionally, we compare our performance to existing GPU-based projection index strategies.
Dose and number of applications that maximize fungicide effective life exemplified by Zymoseptoria tritici on wheat – a model analysis

Two key decisions that need to be taken about a fungicide treatment programme are (i) the number of applications that should be used per crop growing season, and (ii) the dosage that should be used in each application. There are two opposing considerations, with control efficacy improved by a higher number of applications and higher dose, and resistance management improved by a lower number of applications and lower dose. Resistance management aims to prolong the effective life of the fungicide, defined as the time between its introduction onto the market for use on the target pathogen, and the moment when effective control is lost due to a build‐up of fungicide resistance. Thus, the question is whether there are optimal combinations of dose rate and number of applications that both provide effective control and lead to a longer effective life. In this paper, it is shown how a range of spray programmes can be compared and optimal programmes selected. This is explored with Zymoseptoria tritici on wheat and a quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide. For this pathogen–fungicide combination, a single treatment provided effective control under the simulated disease pressure, but only if the application timing was optimal and the dose was close to the maximum permitted. Programmes with three applications were generally not optimal as they exerted too much selection for resistance. Two‐application fungicide programmes balanced effective control with reasonable flexibility of dose and application timing, and low resistance selection, leading to long effective lives of the fungicide.
Pursuing fitness: how dialectic goal striving and intersubjectivity influence consumer outcomes

ABSTRACT Consumers increasingly engage expert service providers in their goal pursuits. While the literature focuses primarily on goal attainment, this presents just one stage of extended goal striving. Using Bagozzi and Dholakia’s [(1999). “Goal Setting and Goal Striving in Consumer Behavior. ” Journal of Marketing 63 (Special Issue): 19–32] goal-striving framework as the foundation, this qualitative research examines the client–trainer interactions in the goal-striving process. We find that goal striving with the aid of expert service providers entails intersubjectivity. The consumer wrestles with multiple understandings of fitness to determine and pursue a goal. This considers the individual’s perceptions and desires, cultural and societal discourses, and trainer’s views. Effective goal pursuit requires shared understanding between client and trainer. It entails a moment of release when consumers accept their inability to translate goals into actions alone. This occurs at multiple stages of the process. By examining the influence of service providers on goal strivers, this research extends our understanding of goal striving as an accepted agreement between the Self and Other.
Framework to predict health diseases using attribute selection mechanism

This paper displays a structure of the work exercised through the DM methods which helps in the prediction and treatment of various diseases. This examines two problems (elongated work based on prediction of RCT and Heart Disease) with classification technique based on cross validation, decision tree to discover RCT, split validation and model to detect heart disease before probing advice from the doctor. The important aim of this paper is to treat whether there is a need of RCT or not with different input values of an attributes. All these symptoms or attributes are examined to arrive at a decision that person with an age greater than eighteen and having sensitivity issues have greater probability of root canal treatment. There are more chances of patient being prone to a heart problem through attributes like age, root canal treatment, diabetes and smoking. The introduced system comprise the union of computer-based patient records with clinical decision support can lower down medical mistakes, unwanted practice variation and helps in making efficient patient safety and outcome.
Beta and Gamma Rhythms in Human Auditory Cortex during Musical Beat Processing

We examined β‐ (∼20 Hz) and γ‐ (∼40 Hz) band activity in auditory cortices by means of magnetoencephalography (MEG) during passive listening to a regular musical beat with occasional omission of single tones. The β activity decreased after each tone, followed by an increase, thus forming a periodic modulation synchronized with the stimulus. The β decrease was absent after omissions. In contrast, γ‐band activity showed a peak after tone and omission, suggesting underlying endogenous anticipatory processes. We propose that auditory β and γ oscillations have different roles in musical beat encoding and auditory–motor interaction.