Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cotreatment with Vorinostat Enhances Activity of MK-0457 (VX-680) against Acute and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells

Purpose: We determined the effects of vorinostat (suberoylanalide hydroxamic acid) and/or MK-0457 (VX-680), an Aurora kinase inhibitor on the cultured human (HL-60, OCI-AML3, and K562) and primary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), as well as on the murine pro-B BaF3 cells with ectopic expression of the unmutated and mutant forms of Bcr-Abl. Experimental Design: Following exposure to MK-0457 and/or vorinostat, apoptosis, loss of viability, as well as activity and levels of Aurora kinase and Bcr-Abl proteins were determined. Results: Treatment with MK-0457 decreased the phosphorylation of Aurora kinase substrates including serine (S)10 on histone H3 and survivin, and led to aberrant mitosis, DNA endoreduplication as well as apoptosis of the cultured human acute leukemia HL-60, OCI-AML3, and K562 cells. Combined treatment with vorinostat and MK-0457 resulted in greater attenuation of Aurora and Bcr-Abl (in K562) kinase activity and levels as well as synergistically induced apoptosis of OCI-AML3, HL-60, and K562 cells. MK-0457 plus vorinostat also induced synergistic apoptosis of BaF3 cells with ectopic overexpression of wild-type or mutant Bcr-Abl. Finally, cotreatment with MK-0457 and vorinostat induced more loss of viability of primary AML and imatinib-refractory CML than treatment with either agent alone, but exhibited minimal toxicity to normal CD34+ progenitor cells. Conclusions: Combined in vitro treatment with MK-0457 and vorinostat is highly active against cultured and primary leukemia cells. These findings merit in vivo testing of the combination against human AML and CML cells, especially against imatinib mesylate–resistant Bcr-AblT315I–expressing CML Cells.
TRANSIENT MODELING OF FLOWS THROUGH SUCTION PORT AND VALVE LEAVES OF HERMETIC RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS

The thermodynamic performance of hermetic reciprocating compressors is strongly effected by the design of the suction and discharge port and valve leaves. The experimental indicator or the so called pV diagrams are frequently used to identify the losses caused by the vibration of the valve leaves. In addition to such experimental techniques, extensive research efforts have been spent on the simulation of the thermodynamic cycle of compressors coupled with valve vibrations. However, such simulation models require the so-called flow coefficients both for the ports and the valve leaf openings where these coefficients can be obtained either experimentally or numerically. In this study, the results of the steady state computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis conducted for a typical suction port and valve leaf at different lifts and pressure drops are presented. The mass flow rates obtained for different lifts are correlated according to the series orifice model which is widely used in the literature. In the second part of the study, a dynamic pressure difference is applied through the port and the valve leaf and the momentary mass flow rate is calculated via both CFD and the series orifice model employing the flow coefficients derived from the steady state analysis. Both the transient and the cycle integrated characther of the mass flow rates obtained by the two methods are compared to each other and the effects of adapting such a method to the simulation programs are discussed.
An Immersed Boundary Method with Formal Second-Order Accuracy and Reduced Numerical Viscosity 1

A formally second-order accurate immersed boundary method is presented and tested in this paper. We apply this new scheme to simulate the flow past a circular cylinder and study the effect of numerical viscosity on the accuracy of the computation by comparing the numerical results with those of a first-order method. The numerical evidence shows that the new scheme has less numerical viscosity and is therefore a better choice for the simulation of high Reynolds number flows with immersed boundaries.c © 2000 Academic Press
The association between family history of mental disorder and delusional‐like experiences: A general population study

Recent studies have indicated that isolated delusional‐like experiences (DLE) are common in the general population. Furthermore, there is preliminary evidence to suggest that these experiences are more common in those with a family history of mental disorders. We had the opportunity to explore the association between family history of a wide range of mental disorders and DLE in an Australian general population survey. The Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing 2007 examined 8,841 adult community residents. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to generate various DSM‐IV lifetime diagnoses and to assess DLE. The participants were asked to report mental disorders in their first‐degree relatives. The influence of family history of mental disorders on DLE endorsement was assessed with logistic regression, with adjustments for age, sex, and the presence of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses in the respondents. A family history of anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or alcohol or illicit drug abuse/dependence was each significantly associated with endorsement of DLE, and these associations remained significant when we adjusted for the presence of mental illness in the respondents. When we examined a more restrictive definition of DLE, only a family history of depression and schizophrenia remained significantly associated with DLE. DLE are associated with a family history of a wide range of mental disorders. These findings suggest that familial factors associated with DLE may be shared with a wide range of common mental disorders. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bayesian nonparametric methods for discovering latent structures of rat hippocampal ensemble spikes

Hippocampal functions are responsible for encoding spatial and temporal dimensions of episodic memory, and hippocampal reactivation of previous awake experiences in sleep is important for learning and memory consolidation. Therefore, uncovering neural representations of hippocampal ensemble spike activity during various behavioral states would provide improved understanding of neural mechanisms of hippocampal-cortical circuits. In this paper, we propose two Bayesian nonparametric methods for this purpose: the Bayesian modeling allows to impose informative priors and constraints into the model, whereas Bayesian nonparametrics allows automatic model selection. We validate these methods to three different hippocampal ensemble recordings under different task behaviors, and provide interpretation and discussion on the derived results.
Urinary Bisphenol A and Type-2 Diabetes in U.S. Adults: Data from NHANES 2003-2008

Objective Bisphenol A (BPA) is found in plastics and other consumer products; exposure may lead to insulin resistance and development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through over-activation of pancreatic β-cells. Previous studies using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) showed an inconsistent association between prevalence of self-reported T2DM and urinary BPA. We used a different diagnosis method of T2DM (hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)) with a larger subset of NHANES. Methods and Findings We analyzed data from 4,389 adult participants who were part of a sub-study of environmental phenol measurements in urine from three NHANES cycles from 2003 to 2008. T2DM was defined as having a HbA1c ≥6.5% or use of diabetes medication. The weighted prevalence of T2DM was 9.2%. Analysis of the total sample revealed that a two-fold increase in urinary BPA was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.08 of T2DM (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02 to 1.16), after controlling for potential confounders. However, when we examined each NHANES cycle individually, we only found a statistically significant association in the 2003/04 cycle (n = 1,364, OR = 1.23 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.42) for each doubling in urinary BPA). We found no association in either the NHANES cycle from 2005/06 (n = 1,363, OR = 1.05 (95% CI, 0.94 to 1.18)); or 2007/08 (n = 1,662, OR = 1.06 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.23)). Similar patterns of associations between BPA and continuous HbA1c were also observed. Conclusions Although higher urinary BPA was associated with elevated HbA1c and T2DM in the pooled analysis, it was driven by data from only one NHANES cycle. Additional studies, especially of a longitudinal design with repeated BPA measurements, are needed to further elucidate the association between BPA and T2DM.
The Geometry of Large Tundra Lakes Observed in Historical Maps and Satellite Images

The climate of the Arctic is warming rapidly and this is causing major changes to the cycling of carbon and the distribution of permafrost in this region. Tundra lakes are key components of the Arctic climate system because they represent a source of methane to the atmosphere. In this paper, we aim to analyze the geometry of the patterns formed by large (> 0.8 km 2 ) tundra lakes in the Russian High Arctic. We have studied images of tundra lakes in historical maps from the State Hydrological Institute, Russia (date 1977; scale 0.21166 km/pixel) and in Landsat satellite images derived from the Google Earth Engine (G.E.E.; date 2016; scale 0.1503 km/pixel). The G.E. E. is a cloud-based platform for planetary-scale geospatial analysis on over four decades of Landsat data. We developed an image-processing algorithm to segment these maps and images, measure the area and perimeter of each lake, and compute the fractal dimension of the lakes in the images we have studied. Our results indicate that as lake size increases, their fractal dimension bifurcates. For lakes observed in historical maps, this bifurcation occurs among lakes larger than 100 km 2 (fractal dimension 1.43 to 1.87 ). For lakes observed in satellite images this bifurcation occurs among lakes larger than ∼100 km 2 (fractal dimension 1.31 to 1.95 ). Tundra lakes with a fractal dimension close to 2 have a tendency to be self-similar with respect to their area–perimeter relationships. Area–perimeter measurements indicate that lakes with a length scale greater than 70 km 2 are power-law distributed. Preliminary analysis of changes in lake size over time in paired lakes (lakes that were visually matched in both the historical map and the satellite imagery) indicate that some lakes in our study region have increased in size over time, whereas others have decreased in size over time. Lake size change during this 39-year time interval can be up to half the size of the lake as recorded in the historical map.
Academic Optimism of High School Teachers: Its Relationship to Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Student Achievement

The purpose of this study is to build on an emergent research base for academic optimism by testing the construct and its relationship to student achievement and organizational citizenship behaviors in schools in a sample of public high schools. All participants in this study were full-time teachers guidance counselors, and other full-time professional instructional faculty from 36 public high schools in Virginia serving Grades 9–12. Although not random the sample comprised a demographic and geographic range of Virginia's 308 high schools featuring Grades 9–12. The data for this study were aggregated at the school level to support the school as the unit of analysis. The three dimensions of academic optimism were shown to correlate significantly with student achievement even when controlling for student family background. The findings in this study also confirm that academic optimism and organizational citizenship behaviors in schools are strongly correlated. Measuring teachers’ beliefs and perceptions about themselves, their colleagues, and their schools can provide important insights into the school's collective belief about instruction, learning, and student achievement and help principals improve the quality of schools’ learning contexts.
Psychometric properties of the motor diagnostics in the German football talent identification and development programme

Abstract The utilisation of motor performance tests for talent identification in youth sports is discussed intensively in talent research. This article examines the reliability, differential stability and validity of the motor diagnostics conducted nationwide by the German football talent identification and development programme and provides reference values for a standardised interpretation of the diagnostics results. Highly selected players (the top 4% of their age groups, U12–U15) took part in the diagnostics at 17 measurement points between spring 2004 and spring 2012 (N = 68,158). The heterogeneous test battery measured speed abilities and football-specific technical skills (sprint, agility, dribbling, ball control, shooting, juggling). For all measurement points, the overall score and the speed tests showed high internal consistency, high test–retest reliability and satisfying differential stability. The diagnostics demonstrated satisfying factorial-related validity with plausible and stable loadings on the two empirical factors “speed” and “technical skills”. The score, and the technical skills dribbling and juggling, differentiated the most among players of different performance levels and thus showed the highest criterion-related validity. Satisfactory psychometric properties for the diagnostics are an important prerequisite for a scientifically sound rating of players’ actual motor performance and for the future examination of the prognostic validity for success in adulthood.
Adsorption, Desorption, and Mobility of Permethrin in Malaysian Soils

Abstract The adsorption, desorption, and mobility of permethrin in six tropical soils was determined under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The six soils were selected from vegetable growing areas in Malaysia. Soil organic matter (OM) was positively correlated (r 2 = 0.97) with the adsorption of permethrin. The two soils, namely, Teringkap 1 and Lating series with the highest OM (3.2 and 2.9%) released 32.5 and 30.8% of the adsorbed permethrin after four consecutive repetitions of the desorption process, respectively, compared to approximately 75.4% of the Gunung Berinchang soil with the lowest OM (1.0%) under the same conditions. The mobility of permethrin down the soil column was inversely correlated to the organic matter content of the soil. Permethrin residue penetrated only to the 10–15 cm zone in the Teringkap 1 soil with 3.2% OM but penetrated to a depth of more than 20 cm in the other soils. The Berinchang series soil with the lowest OM (1.0%) yielded leachate with 14.8% permethrin, the highest level in leachates from all the soils tested. Therefore, the possibility for permethrin to contaminate underground water may be greater in the presence of low organic matter content, which subsequently allows a higher percentage of permethrin to move downwards through the soil column.
Management of placenta accreta: a survey of Maternal-Fetal Medicine practitioners

Objective: To describe the management strategies for placenta accreta used by Maternal-Fetal Medicine practitioners. Methods: We conducted a 36-question online survey of members of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine regarding management of placenta accreta, and tabulated the results. Results: We had 508 respondents. Most respondents have been in practice for >20 years (30%), at a university-affiliated institution (58.1%). In the previous 2 years, 44.6% of respondents operated on 1–3 cases of placenta accreta, with 3% having operated on greater than 10 cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used as a diagnostic adjunct when the suspicion for accreta is both low (43.1%) and high (68%). In asymptomatic patients with high suspicion for accreta, 15.4% of practitioners hospitalize patients antenatally, 34.5% administer corticosteroids, and 46.8% perform amniocentesis for fetal lung maturity prior to delivery, which they schedule most commonly at 36 weeks (48.4%). Equipment requested prior to delivery includes intravascular balloon catheters (35%) and ureteral stents or catheters (26.2%). With high suspicion for accreta intraoperatively, the majority proceed with hysterectomy, but 14.9% report conservative management. Conclusion: Survey respondents employ diverse approaches in the management of patients with placenta accreta. Further study may lead to consensus strategies to improve outcome in this high-risk obstetric condition.
Comparison of the effect of spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia on 5-year tumor recurrence rates after transurethral resection of bladder tumors

Non-muscle invasive bladder tumors are early-stage tumors with high recurrence rates. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB) is performed under spinal or general anesthesia; however, the effect of the two anesthetic techniques on non-muscle invasive bladder tumor recurrence is unknown. Thus, we compared their effects on tumor recurrence rates five years after TURB. Data from 876 patients who underwent TURB from 2000 to 2007 was reviewed. Patients received spinal or general anesthesia based on their choice or the clinician's preference. Tumor recurrence five years after TURB was assessed using multivariate Cox regression model, propensity score analysis (matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting), and Kaplan–Meier method. The five-year tumor recurrence rate after TURB was 42% and 53% for spinal and general anesthesia groups, respectively (P = 0.013). Hazard ratios for tumor recurrence in the spinal anesthesia group compared to that in the general anesthesia group were 0.619 (P <0.001), 0.642 (P = 0.001), and 0.636 (P <0.001) in the Cox regression model, Cox regression model with propensity score matching, and adjusted analysis with inverse probability of treatment weighting, respectively. The five-year tumor recurrence rate was significantly lower in the spinal anesthesia group than in the general anesthesia group in both the unadjusted (P = 0.002) and adjusted Kaplan–Meier curves (P <0.001). Therefore, spinal anesthesia for non-muscle invasive bladder tumor resection was associated with a lower five-year tumor recurrence rate than general anesthesia. This finding provides useful information for an appropriate selection of anesthetic technique for TURB.
White Matter Injury after Repeated Endotoxin Exposure in the Preterm Ovine Fetus

Intrauterine infection has been linked to neurologic injury in preterm infants. However, a reproducible model of white matter injury in the preterm fetus in a long gestation species that can be monitored in utero is currently unavailable. Thus, our objective was to determine the effects of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) on physiologic and inflammatory responses and brain structure in the preterm ovine fetus. At 0.7 of gestation, six catheterized fetuses received three to five intravenous injections of LPS (1 μg/kg) over 5 d; seven fetuses served as controls. Fetal responses were monitored and brain tissue examined 10–11 d after the initial LPS injection. After LPS on d 1 and 2, fetuses became transiently hypoxemic and hypotensive and blood IL-6 levels were increased, but these responses were smaller or absent after subsequent LPS exposures. Neural injury was observed in all LPS-exposed fetuses, most prominently in the cerebral white matter. Injury ranged from diffuse subcortical damage to periventricular leukomalacia, and in the brainstem the cross-sectional area of the corticospinal tract was reduced by 30%. Thus, repeated exposure of the preterm ovine fetus to LPS causes neuropathology resembling that of cerebral palsy and provides a robust model for exploring the etiology, prevention, and treatment of white matter damage.
Mapping quantitative trait loci for yield-related traits in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Development of soybean cultivars with high seed yield is a major focus in soybean breeding programs. This study was conducted to identify genetic loci associated with seed yield-related traits in soybean and also to clarify consistency of the detected QTLs with QTLs found by previous researchers. A population of 135 F2:3 lines was developed from a cross between a vegetable soybean line (MJ0004-6) and a landrace cultivar from Myanmar (R18500). They were evaluated in the experimental field of Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand in a randomized complete block design with two replications each in 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. The two parents exhibited contrasting characteristics for most of the traits that were mapped. Analysis of variance showed that the main effects of genotype and environment (year) were significant for all studied traits. Genotype by environment interaction was also highly significant for all the traits. The population was genotyped by 149 polymorphic SSR markers and the genetic map consisted of 129 SSR loci which converged into 38 linkage groups covering 1156 cM of soybean genome. There were 10 QTLs significantly associated with seed yield-related traits across two seasons with single QTLs explaining between 5.0% to 21.9% of the phenotypic variation. Three of these QTLs were detected in both years for days to flowering, days to maturity and 100 seed weight. Most of the detected QTLs in our research were consistent with earlier QTLs reported by previous researchers. However, four novel QTLs including SF1, SF2 and SF3 on linkage groups L and N for seed filling period and PN1 on linkage group D1b for pod number were identified in the present study.
Educating for Ubuntu/Botho: Lessons from Basotho Indigenous Education

This article reflects on shocking and horrifying incidents of moral indiscretion that have become commonplace in South Africa. The aim is to understand why human beings would carry out such shocking and horrific acts on fellow human beings. The article draws on Dismas Masolo’s book Self and Community in a Changing World to unpack the notion of personhood. It draws lessens on Basotho indigenous education. The choice of Basotho indigenous education is premised on the assumption that it is the author’s own native knowledge with which he is most familiar, and about which he can write uninhibitedly.
The role of schools in preventing childhood obesity.

Obesity is increasing in the United States, not only among adults, but also among children and youth (1). The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report the incidence of children at risk for being overweight or obese has doubled in the last two decades (2). Schools can play a role in preventing childhood obesity by serving healthy meals with adequate calories and nutrients, providing nutrition education that encourages healthful food selections, offering opportunities for physical activity and creating school environments that model healthful behaviors.
Learning to rank tags

Social images sharing websites, such as Flickr and Picasa, are becoming very popular nowadays. Users are generally recommended to annotate images with free tags, yet these tags are orderless, and thus quite limited for applications like image search, retrieval and management. In this paper, we present a novel semi-supervised learning framework to rank image tags, which learns a ranking projection with theoretic guarantee from visual words distribution to the relevant tags distribution, and then uses it for ranking new image tags. Also as the manual ranking is laborious especially for large scale data collections, we propose an active learning scheme to guide the user ranking process and efficiently obtain the informative tag ranking information. This scheme improves the overall ranking result significantly with few user feedbacks. Experiments on both image benchmark and real Flickr photo collection show the practicability and efficiency of our proposed framework, which also further improves the performance of ranked tag recommendation application.