Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Pride of Housing Ownership options among Older Adults in Georgia

Abstract This experimental study involved the use of photographs of both single-family site-built and manufactured houses to determine if the knowledge that a certain house is manufactured would make older individuals feel less proud of living in such a house, compared to a single-family site-built house. Based on a total of 82 study participants, the findings of this pilot study suggested that when told the structure type of each house, participants were slightly less likely to choose a manufactured home as the house in which they would be the most proud to live. The researchers’ difficulty in communicating the concept of “pride” to the study participants was discussed as well.
De Novo Donor‐Specific Human Leukocyte Antigen Antibody Screening in Kidney Transplant Recipients After the First Year Posttransplantation: A Medical Decision Analysis

Screening for de novo donor‐specific antibodies (dnDSA) in stable kidney transplant recipients is routine practice in some centers. Patients with DSA are at increased risk of graft loss and early intervention may improve outcomes. However, the costs and benefits of dnDSA surveillance are unknown. A medical decision analysis to examine a screening strategy was developed for kidney transplant recipients who had stable graft function and were DSA negative 1 year posttransplant. In the base case, a modest 25% reduction in graft loss in dnDSA–positive patients treated with increased immunosuppression resulted in 0.04618 quality‐adjusted years (QALYs) gained. However, benefits from reduced graft loss were eliminated if there was a small increased risk of death from added therapy. The incremental cost effectiveness was marginal at approximately $120 000–250 000 per QALY, but could be more or less favorable depending on several key variables such as efficacy of treatment, screening costs, incidence rate of subclinical dnDSA, and patient survival. Screening performed the best in patients with lower mortality rates and higher baseline incidence rates of dnDSA. Further study is warranted to gather the necessary high‐quality evidence to justify screening.
The efficacy of contralesional limb activation in rehabilitation of unilateral hemiplegia and visual neglect: a baseline-intervention study

Motor problems following stroke may be compounded by visual inattention. Limb Activation Training (LAT), originally developed for rehabilitation of unilateral visual neglect, may also contribute to rehabilitation of co-occurring hemiplegia. LAT employs an electronic device to draw attention to the contralesional limb by emitting a periodic tone cancelled by limb movement. The current baseline-intervention study examined LAT as an adjunct to rehabilitation as usual for a participant with left-sided weakness and visual neglect following stroke. The Motoricity Index (a measure of limb motor function), Star Cancellation Test and Line Bisection Test (measures of visual neglect) were administered as repeated measures. Recovery of arm impairment (Motoricity Index) and visual search (Star Cancellation) was enhanced by LAT. These results are discussed in terms of models of recovery.
Temporary Architectures of Learning: Knowledge Governance in Project Ecologies

This paper is motivated by the intention to contribute to a contextual understanding of projects. More specifically, the analysis starts from the assumption that essential processes of creating and sedimenting knowledge accrue at the interface between projects and the organizations, communities, and networks in and through which projects operate. By adopting such a contextual perspective, the chief aim of the present study is to unfold a conceptual framework for analyzing processes of project-based learning. This conceptual framework is built around the notion of the project ecology. By consecutively disentangling the constitutive layers of project ecologies — the core team, the firm, the epistemic community, and the personal networks — the basic organizational architecture of project ecologies is revealed. This architecture is employed as a theoretical template for an exploration of learning processes in two ecologies which are driven by opposing logics of creating and sedimenting knowledge. In this comparative analysis, the cumulative learning logic of the software ecology in Munich is confronted with the disruptive learning regime in the London advertising ecology.
Executive Functions, Depressive Symptoms, and College Adjustment in Women

Many students have difficulty adjusting to college, and the contribution of academic and relational factors have been considered in previous research. In particular, depression commonly emerges among college women at this time and could be related to poor adjustment to college. This study examined the relationship between executive functions, depressive symptoms, and college adjustment in college women. Seventy-seven female participants from a midsize urban university completed the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, College Adjustment Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version, and four subtests from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System: the Trail-Making Test, Design Fluency Test, Verbal Fluency Test, and Color–Word Interference Test. After controlling for IQ score, hierarchical regression analyses showed that subjective and objective measures of executive functioning and depressive symptoms were significantly related to college adjustment problems in academic, relational, and psychological areas. The current study provides evidence for a relationship between cognitive abilities, psychiatric symptoms, and college adjustment.
GABAergic Signaling as Therapeutic Target for Autism Spectrum Disorders

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, early in postnatal life exerts a depolarizing and excitatory action. This depends on accumulation of chloride inside the cell via the cation–chloride importer NKCC1, being the expression of the chloride exporter KCC2 very low at birth. The developmentally regulated expression of KCC2 results in extrusion of chloride with age and a shift of GABA from the depolarizing to the hyperpolarizing direction. The depolarizing action of GABA leads to intracellular calcium rise through voltage-dependent calcium channels and/or N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. GABA-mediated calcium signals regulate a variety of developmental processes from cell proliferation migration, differentiation, synapse maturation, and neuronal wiring. Therefore, it is not surprising that some forms of neuro-developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are associated with alterations of GABAergic signaling and impairment of the excitatory/inhibitory balance in selective neuronal circuits. In this review, we will discuss how changes of GABAA-mediated neurotransmission affect several forms of ASDs including the Fragile X, the Angelman, and Rett syndromes. Then, we will describe various animal models of ASDs with GABAergic dysfunctions, highlighting their behavioral deficits and the possibility to rescue them by targeting selective components of the GABAergic synapse. In particular, we will discuss how in some cases, reverting the polarity of GABA responses from the depolarizing to the hyperpolarizing direction with the diuretic bumetanide, a selective blocker of NKCC1, may have beneficial effects on ASDs, thus opening new therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of these devastating disorders.
Human Trafficking in the Heartland

This analysis explores the extent and characteristics of human trafficking in Columbus and Toledo, Ohio, including the response to the problem by law enforcement agencies. Through a content analysis of newspaper accounts and interviews with criminal justice officials and social service providers in each city, the authors identified 10 cases of juvenile sex trafficking and forced prostitution in Toledo and 5 cases of trafficking for the forced labor of noncitizens in Columbus. The offenders and victims involved in the sex trafficking cases were largely from the local area, whereas those involved in the labor trafficking cases primarily involved foreign nationals, thereby illustrating at least one role the heartland plays in transnational crime. The authors compare the different responses to human trafficking in the two cities and suggest how to raise awareness about human trafficking and improve the responses of law enforcement agencies to the problem.
The Perceived Expectation of the Administrator as a Factor Affecting the Sex of Scientists Drawn by Early Adolescent Girls

Abstract The postponement of drawing a female scientist until the male image has been presented, recently shown to occur in late primary‐school girl pupils, is confirmed for early teenage second‐level girl pupils. Making explicit the acceptability of either a male or female image reduced the level of such postponement to the extent that the proportions of the sexes drawn did not differ significantly between first and second drawings, although a tendency did remain for more female images to be presented in second drawings. The drawing by girls of exclusively male or exclusively female images of the scientist proved to reflect some construct other than that measured by Erb & Smith's ‘Women in Science Scale’. The incidence of drawing of female scientists by girls in this and previous Irish samples is noted to be much in excess of that recorded, mainly in North America, during the 1970s.
Optimal Route for Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation after Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Newborn Rats

Recently, we showed that intracerebroventricular (IC) transplantation of human umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) significantly attenuates posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) and brain damage after severe IVH in newborn rats. This study was performed to determine the optimal route for transplanting MSCs for severe IVH by comparing IC transplantation, intravenous (IV) transplantation, and IV transplantation plus mannitol infusion. Severe IVH was induced by injecting 100 uL of blood into each ventricle of Sprague-Dawley rats on postnatal day 4 (P4). After confirming severe IVH with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at P5, human UCB-derived MSCs were transplanted at P6 by an IC route (1×105), an IV route (5×105), or an IV route with mannitol infused. Follow-up brain MRIs and rotarod tests were performed. At P32, brain tissue samples were obtained for biochemical and histological analyses. Although more MSCs localized to the brain after IC than after IV delivery, both methods were equally effective in preventing PHH; attenuating impaired rotarod test; increasing the number of TUNEL-positive cells, inflammatory cytokines, and astrogliosis; and reducing corpus callosal thickness and myelin basic protein expression after severe IVH regardless of mannitol co-infusion. Despite the superior delivery efficacy with IC than with the IV route, both IC and IV transplantation of MSCs had equal therapeutic efficacy in protecting against severe IVH. These findings suggest that the less invasive IV route might be a good alternative for clinically unstable, very preterm infants that cannot tolerate a more invasive IC delivery of MSCs.
Blood—Brain Barrier Is Involved in the Efflux Transport of a Neuroactive Steroid, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, via Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 2

Abstract: We have investigated the transport characteristics of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), a neuroactive steroid, at the blood—brain barrier (BBB) in a series of functional in vivo and in vitro studies. The apparent BBB efflux rate constant of [3H]DHEAS evaluated by the brain efflux index method was 2.68 × 10‐2 min‐1. DHEAS efflux transport was a saturable process with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 32.6 μM. Significant amounts of [3H]DHEAS were determined in the jugular venous plasma by HPLC, providing direct evidence that most of the DHEAS is transported in intact form from brain to the circulating blood across the BBB. This efflux transport of [3H]DHEAS was significantly inhibited by common rat organic anion‐transporting polypeptide (oatp) substrates such as taurocholate, cholate, sulfobromophthalein, and estrone‐3‐sulfate. Moreover, the apparent efflux clearance of [3H]DHEAS across the BBB (118 μl/min‐g of brain) was 10.4‐fold greater than its influx clearance estimated by the in situ brain perfusion technique (11.4 μl/min‐g of brain), suggesting that DHEAS is predominantly transported from the brain to blood across the BBB. In cellular uptake studies using a conditionally immortalized mouse brain capillary endothelial cell line (TM‐BBB4), [3H]DHEAS uptake by TM‐BBB4 cells exhibited a concentration dependence with a Km of 34.4 μM and was significantly inhibited by the oatp2‐specific substrate digoxin. Conversely, [3H]digoxin uptake by TM‐BBB4 cells was significantly inhibited by DHEAS. Moreover, the net uptake of [3H]DHEAS at 30 min was significantly increased under ATP‐depleted conditions, suggesting that an energy‐dependent efflux process may also be involved in TM‐BBB4. RT‐PCR and sequence analysis suggest that an oatp2 is expressed in TM‐BBB4 cells. In conclusion, DHEAS efflux transport takes place across the BBB, and studies involving in vitro DHEAS uptake and RT‐PCR suggest that there is oatp2‐mediated DHEAS transport at the BBB.
VIOLENT AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIORS IN RURAL AND NON-RURAL AFRICAN AMERICAN YOUTH: A RISK-PROTECTIVE FACTOR APPROACH *

Once believed to be a poor inner city neighborhood characteristic, youth violence and crime are now recognized as problems in rural areas as well (Osgood and Chambers 2000). Studies on their etiology remain scarce, particularly with a focus on minority youth. Given the importance of individual characteristics and a positive future orientation (educational aspirations) during adolescence, the current study tested a riskprotective factor approach with measures of risk proneness, self-esteem, educational commitment, and educational expectations to predict both direct and “indirect” measures of violence and criminal behaviors (assault, encounters with law enforcement, and court appearances) in samples of rural (n=687) and non-rural (n=182) African American youth. Results show that self-esteem, risk-proneness, and educational commitment were highly associated with measures of violent and criminal behaviors in both samples. Importantly, no differences were found in how risk or protective factors were associated with measures of violence and crime in rural and non-rural developmental contexts.
An essential role for complement C5a in the pathogenesis of septic cardiac dysfunction

Defective cardiac function during sepsis has been referred to as “cardiomyopathy of sepsis. ” It is known that sepsis leads to intensive activation of the complement system. In the current study, cardiac function and cardiomyocyte contractility have been evaluated in rats after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Significant reductions in left ventricular pressures occurred in vivo and in cardiomyocyte contractility in vitro. These defects were prevented in CLP rats given blocking antibody to C5a. Both mRNA and protein for the C5a receptor (C5aR) were constitutively expressed on cardiomyocytes; both increased as a function of time after CLP. In vitro addition of recombinant rat C5a induced dramatic contractile dysfunction in both sham and CLP cardiomyocytes, but to a consistently greater degree in cells from CLP animals. These data suggest that CLP induces C5aR on cardiomyocytes and that in vivo generation of C5a causes C5a–C5aR interaction, causing dysfunction of cardiomyocytes, resulting in compromise of cardiac performance.
Decreased External Skeletal Robustness in Schoolchildren – A Global Trend? Ten Year Comparison of Russian and German Data

Objectives Obesity and a reduced physical activity are global developments. Physical activity affects the external skeletal robustness which decreased in German children. It was assumed that the negative trend of decreased external skeletal robustness can be found in other countries. Therefore anthropometric data of Russian and German children from the years 2000 and 2010 were compared. Methods Russian (2000/2010 n = 1023/268) and German (2000/2010 n = 2103/1750) children aged 6–10 years were investigated. Height, BMI and external skeletal robustness (Frame-Index) were examined and compared for the years and the countries. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney-Test. Results Comparison 2010 and 2000: In Russian children BMI was significantly higher; boys were significantly taller and exhibited a decreased Frame-Index (p = .002) in 2010. German boys showed significantly higher BMI in 2010. In both sexes Frame-Index (p = .001) was reduced in 2010. Comparison Russian and German children in 2000: BMI, height and Frame-Index were different between Russian and German children. German children were significantly taller but exhibited a lower Frame-Index (p<.001). Even German girls showed a significantly higher BMI. Comparison Russian and German children in 2010: BMI and Frame-Index were different. Russian children displayed a higher Frame-Index (p<.001) compared with Germans. Conclusions In Russian children BMI has increased in recent years. Frame-Index is still higher in Russian children compared with Germans however in Russian boys Frame-Index is reduced. This trend and the physical activity should be observed in the future.
Expanding the boundaries of boundary theory: Regulative institutions and work–family role management

With the changing demographics of the labor force, management of work and family role boundaries has become an important area of research. However, the literature surrounding boundary theory – one of the most prevalent theories of work–family role management – has evolved too narrowly. Although early boundary theory development acknowledged the importance of higher level social institutions, they have been largely omitted from the current research, which is predominantly individual-focused. The present article further develops the role of international regulative institutions in managing work and family role boundaries, including the consequences of their omission in the current literature for individual employees, organizations and the fit between them.
Dynamics of Resource Slack and Constraints: Resource Positions in Action

Previous studies of the effects of resource slack and constraints on creativity and performance offer contradictory findings. To resolve this debate, some authors operationalize resource slack and constraints in ways that actually may have concealed their underlying complexity and dynamics. This study seeks to demonstrate how perceived resource positions influence entrepreneurial decision making and creativity by drawing on in-depth case studies of three high-tech start-ups. The authors show that resource positions are perceived, relative, transient and multidimensional; that is, they reflect the entrepreneur’s perception of available resources relative to demand. Moreover, perceived resource positions are not static but change over time, and entrepreneurs can experience different types of resource constraints and slack simultaneously. The influence of perceived resource positions on decision making in turn depends on individual, temporal and resource position dynamics. These findings link perceptions of resources to the emergence of organizational ingenuity, by explaining how perceived resource positions influence decision making.
Characteristics of inpatient weight gain in adolescent anorexia nervosa: relation to speed of relapse and re‐admission

In the present study, the course of inpatient weight gain was analysed in a sample of 40 female adolescent anorectic patients who had been readmitted for severe relapse. Longitudinal parameters were derived by statistical methods from the patients' weight curves during inpatient treatment. Results indicate a high risk of renewed weight loss throughout the first 9 months after discharge; 31 of the 40 patients had been readmitted within 12 months. Within the comprehensive set of clinical variables assessed, the weight curve parameters ‘negative variation of the weight curve’, ‘velocity of BMI increase’, and ‘mean BMI’ during inpatient treatment were significantly related to the tempo of weight decrease after discharge. The duration patients had maintained their target weight up to discharge appeared to predict time to re-admission. Thus, findings suggest that longitudinal weight patterns might be of prognostic significance with respect to post-discharge weight maintenance in anorexia nervosa, and hence are worthy of consideration in further treatment research. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Personal, Social and Moral Development through Team Games: Some Critical Questions

This article raises critical questions about the place of pupils’ personal, social andmoral development in team games. It is argued that clearer conceptual definitions and critical debate within the physical education (PE) profession are needed in order to determine the role of team games in promoting pupils’ personal, social and moral education. The complex inter-relationship between these aspects of pupils’ development is discussed and a case is made for using ‘ sociomoral’ education for the purpose of further analysis. Current ideology about how team games can enhance pupils’ socio-moral education is examined against the background of historical developments in PE in both state and private schools over the last 150 years. The need for empirical evidence to substantiate knowledge claims in this multi-dimensional area of the curriculum is highlighted and some suggestions made for research in this area.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Posttraumatic Growth Among Italian Survivors of Emergency Situations

We investigated the relation between posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress symptoms among survivors of fires, earthquakes, and floods. Furthermore, we explored the contribution of several predictors to these outcomes. Participants were 173 survivors of several events that have occurred in Italy in the last decade. Posttraumatic growth was positively related to posttraumatic avoidance and intrusion-hyperarousal symptoms. Multiple regression analyses revealed that peritraumatic panic was a predictor of posttraumatic intrusion-hyperarousal symptoms and posttraumatic growth. Moreover, posttraumatic intrusion-hyperarousal symptoms mediate the relationship between peritraumatic panic symptoms and posttraumatic growth. These results contribute to a better understanding of the role of intrusive thoughts in promoting posttraumatic growth.