Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrition and growth in congenital heart disease: a challenge in children

Purpose of review Growth failure secondary to feeding problems after complex neonatal cardiac surgery is well documented, but not well understood. The purpose of this review is to describe feeding and growth pattern in children with congenital heart defects. Recent findings Nearly half of the infants with univentricular heart defects require supplementation with nasogastric or gastrostomy tube at discharge from neonatal surgery. Feeding challenges contribute to parental stress, and persist beyond infancy. These infants are ‘stunted’ with both weight and height being below normal. Nearly a quarter of these infants meet the definition of ‘failure to thrive’ in the first year of life. Short stature is a significant problem for many of these children, and has an impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes. A structured nutritional program can have a positive impact on growth in the interstage period prior to the superior cavopulmonary connection. Summary Optimizing nutritional intake has been targeted as a key component of the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative. This initiative has enabled the development of best practices that have the potential to mitigate poor growth in children with congenital heart defects.
Reply: ATAD1 encephalopathy and stiff baby syndrome: a recognizable clinical presentation.

1 Centre de génétique humaine, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France 2 Integrative and Cognitive Neurosciences Research Unit EA481, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France 3 Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 4 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 5 Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany 6 Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 7 Unité fonctionnelle de génétique clinique, Centre hospitalier intercommunal, Créteil, France 8 University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Bioinformatics Core Facility, 20246 Hamburg, Germany 9 Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz-Institute for Experimental Virology, Virus Genomics, Hamburg, Germany 10 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK 11 Neurology Research Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK 12 Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré Hospital, Paris, France 13 Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 14 Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 15 Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA 16 Clinical Investigation Center 1431, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
What Works and Does Not Work in a Self‐Management Intervention for People With Chronic Pain? Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta‐Synthesis

Background. Self‐management interventions fostering self‐efficacy improve the well‐being of people with chronic pain. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the enablers (what works) and barriers (what does not) of incorporating self‐management strategies for people in everyday life after completion of a pain self‐management intervention. Data Sources. Major electronic databases (MEDLINE, AMED, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched from inception to July 2016. Study Selection. Study selection included qualitative and mixed‐method studies that explored the perceptions of individuals with chronic pain after completion of a self‐management intervention. Data Extraction. A thematic analysis approach was used to synthesize the review findings, and a Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (CERQual) Approach was used to assess the level of confidence. Data Synthesis. Thirty‐three studies with 512 participants were included. Enablers to self‐management included self‐discovery—the ability to distinguish self (ie, body, thoughts, and feelings) from pain; feeling empowered by incorporating self‐management strategies into practice; and supportive ambience via collaborative relationships with clinicians and support from family and friends. Barriers to self‐management included difficulty with sustaining motivation for pain self‐management; distress experienced from ongoing pain, anxiety, and depression; and unsupportive relationships with clinicians, family, and friends. Limitations. This review only included interventions that involved at least 4 self‐management skills; thus, informative studies may have been missed. The follow‐up period varied from immediately after the intervention to 72 months following the intervention; therefore, it is uncertain which of the key enablers and barriers were most influential long term. Only articles published in the English language were included; studies conducted in low‐ and middle‐income countries could not be located. Conclusions. The sustained effort to self‐manage chronic pain could be exhausting, and motivation could wane over time following intervention. Providing intermittent support in the form of booster sessions and peer support groups may be important. Person‐centered care via shared decision making and guided problem solving is essential to facilitating ongoing self‐management.
Does ‘hacking’ surface type affect equine forelimb foot placement, movement symmetry or hoof impact deceleration during ridden walk and trot exercise?

BACKGROUND Both pleasure and competition horses regularly exercise on surfaces such as tarmac, gravel and turf during 'hacking'. Despite this, there is limited evidence relating to the effect of these surfaces upon foot-surface interaction. OBJECTIVES To investigate forelimb foot placement, hoof vibration and movement symmetry in pleasure horses on three commonly encountered hacking surfaces. STUDY DESIGN Quantitative gait study in a convenience sample. METHODS Six horses regularly partaking in hacking exercise were ridden in walk and trot on all surfaces. Horses were equipped with one hoof-mounted, accelerometer and four body-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs) to measure foot impact and movement symmetry. High-speed (400 FPS) video footage of foot-placement was acquired (dorsal, palmar, lateral views). Foot-impact and movement symmetry were analysed with a mixed effects model and Bowker symmetry tests for foot-placement analysis. RESULTS Vibration power and frequency parameters increase as perceived surface firmness increases from grass, to gravel, to tarmac (P≤0.001). Vibration power parameters were consistently greater at trot compared with walk (P≤0.001), but the same was not true for vibration frequency (P≥0.2). Greatest movement asymmetry was recorded during grass surface trotting. No significant difference in foot-placement was detected between the three surfaces. MAIN LIMITATIONS This was a field study using three commonly encountered hacking surfaces. Surface properties change easily with water content and temperature fluctuations so care must be taken when considering other similar surfaces, especially at different times of the year. Six leisure horses were used so the results may not be representative of horses of all types. CONCLUSIONS Vibration parameters generally increase as perceived surface firmness increases. Increasing speed alters vibration power but not frequency. Further investigations are required to determine the role that this may play in the development of musculoskeletal disease in horses.
Sketched Clustering via Hybrid Approximate Message Passing

In sketched clustering, a dataset of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$</tex-math></inline-formula> samples is first sketched down to a vector of modest size, from which the centroids are subsequently extracted. Its advantages include 1) reduced storage complexity and 2) centroid extraction complexity independent of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$</tex-math></inline-formula>. For the sketching methodology recently proposed by Keriven <italic>et al.</italic>, which can be interpreted as a random sampling of the empirical characteristic function, we propose a sketched clustering algorithm based on approximate message passing. Numerical experiments suggest that our approach is more efficient than the state-of-the-art sketched clustering algorithm “CL-OMPR” (in both computational and sample complexity) and more efficient than k-means++ when <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$</tex-math></inline-formula> is large.
Measurement of Parenchymal Extravascular R 2 * and Tissue Oxygen Extraction Fraction Using Multi-echo VASO MRI at 7 Tesla

Parenchymal extravascular R2* is an important parameter for quantitative blood-oxygenationlevel-dependent (BOLD) studies. Total and intravascular R2* values and changes in R2* values during functional stimulations have been reported in a number of studies. The purpose of this study was to measure absolute extravascular R2* values in human visual cortex and estimate the intraand extravascular contributions in the BOLD effect at 7T. Vascular-space-occupancy (VASO) MRI was employed to separate out the extravascular tissue signal. Multi-echo VASO and BOLD fMRI with visual stimulation were performed at 7T for R2* measurement at a spatial resolution of 2.5×2.5×2.5 mm3 in healthy volunteers (n = 6). The ratio of changes in extravascular and total R2* (ΔR2*) was used to estimate the extravascular fraction of the BOLD effect. Extravascular R2* were found to be 44.66 ± 1.55 s−1 and 43.38 ± 1.51 s−1 (mean ± SEM, n = 6) at rest and activation, respectively, in human visual cortex at 7T. The extravascular BOLD fraction was estimated to be 91 ± 3%. Parenchymal oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) during activation was estimated to be 0.24 ± 0.01 based on the R2*measurements, indicating an approximately 37% decrease compared to OEF at rest.
Modeling Nonequilibrium Flow and Transport Processes Using HYDRUS

Accurate process‐based modeling of nonequilibrium water flow and solute transport remains a major challenge in vadose zone hydrology. Our objective here was to describe a wide range of nonequilibrium flow and transport modeling approaches available within the latest version of the HYDRUS‐1D software package. The formulations range from classical models simulating uniform flow and transport, to relatively traditional mobile‐immobile water physical and two‐site chemical nonequilibrium models, to more complex dual‐permeability models that consider both physical and chemical nonequilibrium. The models are divided into three groups: (i) physical nonequilibrium transport models, (ii) chemical nonequilibrium transport models, and (iii) physical and chemical nonequilibrium transport models. Physical nonequilibrium models include the Mobile‐Immobile Water Model, Dual‐Porosity Model, Dual‐Permeability Model, and Dual‐Permeability Model with Immobile Water. Chemical nonequilibrium models include the One Kinetic Site Model, the Two‐Site Model, and the Two Kinetic Sites Model. Finally, physical and chemical nonequilibrium transport models include the Dual‐Porosity Model with One Kinetic Site and the Dual‐Permeability Model with Two‐Site Sorption. Example calculations using the different types of nonequilibrium models are presented. Implications for the formulation of the inverse problem are also discussed. The many different models that have been developed over the years for nonequilibrium flow and transport reflect the multitude of often simultaneous processes that can govern nonequilibrium and preferential flow at the field scale.
OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Oxidative stress and free radicals are known to have important roles in the development of atherosclerosis, which is the underlying cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Malondialdehyde (MDA), a carbonile group produced during lipid peroxidation, is used widely in determining oxidative stress. This study of oxidative stress is in terms of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study group comprised of 114 patients diagnosed as having ACS based on clinical and bio-chemical criteria. Control group included 66 age and sex matched subjects (Non ACS cases) using the same criteria. RESULTS: In this study, significant increase of mean values of serum MDA and significant decrease in TAC level was observed in ACS cases when compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress is markedly observed in ACS cases, MDA increased and TAC is decreased.
Presence of Salmon Increases Passerine Density on Pacific Northwest Streams

Abstract The annual migration of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) to freshwater streams and lakes provides an important nutrient subsidy to terrestrial systems in North America. We investigated the effects of salmon and other habitat variables on abundance of Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes), Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naevius), Pacific-slope Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis), Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa), and Chestnut-backed Chickadee (Poecile rufescens) on the central coast of British Columbia. In our comparisons of salmon-bearing and non-salmon-bearing reaches of two rivers that had waterfall barriers to salmon partway upstream, we found that position above or below the falls and proximity to the stream were the major predictors of songbird abundance. Each species, except for Chestnut-backed Chickadee, had higher densities below the falls at both rivers. Our results suggest that salmon-derived nutrients influence songbird density, and thus benefit multiple trophic levels within riparian ecosystems. La présence du saumon augmente la densité de passereaux près des cours d'eau du nord-ouest du Pacifique
Regulation of the Neuroligin-1 Gene by Clock Transcription Factors

NEUROLIGIN-1 (NLGN1) is a postsynaptic adhesion molecule involved in the regulation of glutamatergic transmission. It has been associated with several features of sleep and psychiatric disorders. Our previous work suggested that transcription of the Nlgn1 gene could be regulated by the transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1 because they bind to the Nlgn1 gene promoter in vivo. However, whether CLOCK/BMAL1 can directly activate Nlgn1 transcription is not yet known. We thus aimed to verify whether CLOCK/BMAL1, as well as their homologs NPAS2 and BMAL2, can activate transcription via the Nlgn1 promoter by using luciferase assays in COS-7 cells. We also investigated how Nlgn1 expression was affected in Clock mutant mice. Our results show transcriptional activation in vitro mediated by CLOCK/BMAL1 and by combinations with their homologs NPAS2 and BMAL2. Moreover, CLOCK/BMAL1 activation via the Nlgn1 gene fragment was repressed by GSK3β. In vivo, Nlgn1 mRNA expression was significantly modified in the forebrain of Clock mutant mice in a transcript variant–dependent manner. However, no significant change in NLGN1 protein level was observed in Clock mutant mice. These findings will increase knowledge about the transcriptional regulation of Nlgn1 and the relationship between circadian rhythms, mental health, and sleep.
A new family of one-coincidence sets of sequences with dispersed elements for frequency hopping CDMA systems

We present a new family of one-coincidence sequence sets suitable for frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA) systems with dispersed (low density) sequence elements. These sets are derived from one-coincidence prime sequence sets, such that for each one-coincidence prime sequence set there is a new one-coincidence set comprised of sequences with dispersed sequence elements, required in some circumstances, for FH-CDMA systems. Getting rid of crowdedness of sequence elements is achieved by doubling the size of the sequence element alphabet. In addition, this doubling process eases control over the distance between adjacent sequence elements. Properties of the new sets are discussed.
The Longitudinal Effect of Emotion Regulation Strategies on Anxiety Levels in Children and Adolescents

There is growing evidence linking emotion dysregulation to anxiety. However, few studies have examined this relationship longitudinally or developmentally. Additionally, no studies have specifically examined the predictive relevance of the emotion regulation skills taught in mindfulness- and acceptance-based therapies. We explore whether specific emotion regulation processes differentially predict specific anxiety symptoms over time among children and adolescents. Methods: Initial emotion non-awareness, nonacceptance, and difficulties with goal-directed behavior were assessed in a community sample (n = 312, age range = 8–16, mean age = 11.68, 59% female, 69% Caucasian). Social anxiety, separation anxiety, and physical anxiety symptoms were assessed every 3 months for 3 years. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the concurrent and longitudinal effects of emotion dysregulation assessed at baseline or 18 months on anxiety. Results: After controlling for depression, age, and gender, all three processes concurrently predicted physical and social anxiety, and all but nonacceptance predicted separation anxiety. Only difficulties with goal-directed behavior, however, predicted longitudinal change in separation anxiety over time with covariates. Additionally, emotion non-awareness and difficulties with goal-directed behavior predicted subsequent changes in social anxiety. Conclusions: Emotion dysregulation may serve as a potential risk factor for the development of anxiety symptoms among youth. It may be beneficial to target reductions in maladaptive strategies in prevention or intervention work.
MnSi nanostructures obtained from epitaxially grown thin films: magnetotransport and Hall effect

We present a comparative study of the (magneto)transport properties, including Hall effect, of bulk, epitaxially grown thin film and nanostructured MnSi. In order to set our results in relation to published data we extensively characterize our materials, this way establishing a comparatively good sample quality. Our analysis reveals that in particular for thin film and nanostructured material, there are extrinsic and intrinsic contributions to the electronic transport properties, which by modeling the data we separate out. Finally, we discuss our Hall effect data of nanostructured MnSi under consideration of the extrinsic contributions and with respect to the question of the detection of a topological Hall effect in a skyrmionic lattice.
Application of multi-verse optimiser-based fuzzy-PID controller to improve power system frequency regulation in presence of HVDC link

This paper presents the design of a novel optimal fuzzy-PID controller-based multi-verse optimiser (MVO) for load frequency control (LFC) of a two-area power system interconnected via high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission link. The MVO algorithm was adopted to estimate the unknown parameters of the test system and model the HVDC link for the LFC analysis, and then, was used to optimise the fuzzy-PID controller parameters including the scaling factors of fuzzy logic and the PID controller gains. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, a two-area power system with HVDC link connection was investigated for the simulation. A comparative study of performance of proposed controller, fuzzy logic and conventional PID controller was performed. The obtained results satisfy the LFC requirements and reveal that the optimised fuzzy-PID controller-based MVO algorithm enhances power system frequency regulation in presence of HVDC link.
Concomitant use of conjunctival tissue graft from the pterygium itself without rotation in pterygium surgery: A full circle in conjunctival autografting

Purpose: The aim of this study is to describe a modified technique of using conjunctival tissue from the pterygium itself without any rotation of graft for the primary pterygium in eyes with glaucoma filtering bleb, glaucoma suspects, and in primary double-head pterygium using fibrin glue. Methods: In this retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series, 98 eyes of 98 patients with primary pterygium operated between July 2011 to July 2016 were included. They underwent this technique from the pterygium tissue itself. There was no rotation of this graft, and it was adhered to the bare scleral defect with fibrin glue. Histopathological analysis of pterygium tissue was done to look for morphology and thickness of this thin conjunctival tissue obtained from pterygium tissue itself. The primary outcome measure was recurrence rate. Other outcome measures studied was graft retraction and graft edema. Results: The mean age was 52 ± 10.04 years. Mean follow-up was 14 ± 8.24 months. The only significant complication was recurrence rate of 4.08% (4 eyes out of 98). The most come secondary outcome was graft edema, 52.04% (51 eyes out of 98) which resolved without any intervention. Other outcome such as graft retraction, 32.65% was also recorded. Conclusion: Conjunctival tissue from the pterygium tissue itself without actual rotation appears to be a successful technique with lower recurrence rate for treating primary pterygium in eyes with glaucoma filtering bleb, glaucoma suspects, and in primary double-head pterygium.
An Early Modeling Approach to Digital Electronics

An Early modeling approach of transistors characterized by simplicity and accuracy in representing intrinsic non-linearities is applied to the characterization of propagation delay and level transition switching properties of NPN and PNP small signal transistors. Eight types of devices were considered, each represented by 5 samples taken from the same lot, totaling 20 NPN and 20 PNP transistors. Four switching time measurements were experimentally obtained, and the transistors also had their Early parameters $V_a$ (the Early voltage) and $s$ (a proportionality constant such that $R_o = 1/tan(s I_B)$ accurately estimated by using an experimental-numeric procedure that involves Hough transform accumulation in order to identify the crossing of the base current ($I_B$) indexed characteristic isolines, yielding the respective $V_a$. The timing measurements exhibited strong positive Pearson correlations when taken pairwise. When these measurements were compared individually to the respective Early parameters, no significant Pearson correlation was obtained. However, a strong relationship was observed between the product of the two Early parameters and the ratio between the fall and rise time. A Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.78 was observed between these variables in the case of NPN devices. This suggests that transistors with larger average current gain tend to have more similar rise and fall times. The different relationship observed for PNP devices (Pearson 0.41) suggests some intrinsic difference in the way the Early parameters influence the rise and fall times of small signal transistors.
Is one source enough? Verification in Canadian newspapers

When journalists compete with bloggers and anyone with a smartphone, on what basis may professional reporters now claim public attention and trust? The profession’s quality criteria have traditionally been tacit, intuitive, and varied rather than codified or standardized. However, accuracy remains a core value. When speed often prevails over accuracy, what exactly does verification mean in everyday practice? Through a series of individual in-depth interviews conducted in Quebec and Ontario, we seek to describe the fact-checking strategies used by a group of award-winning journalists and by a control group of randomly selected journalists. In both groups, we see rigorous methodologies that can be described as “best practices. ” Nevertheless, we note a cleavage between spoken ideals and everyday practice in the participants’ discourse.