Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (ACP) coordinates mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis with iron sulfur cluster biogenesis

Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (FASII) and iron sulfur cluster (FeS) biogenesis are both vital biosynthetic processes within mitochondria. In this study, we demonstrate that the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (ACP), which has a well-known role in FASII, plays an unexpected and evolutionarily conserved role in FeS biogenesis. ACP is a stable and essential subunit of the eukaryotic FeS biogenesis complex. In the absence of ACP, the complex is destabilized resulting in a profound depletion of FeS throughout the cell. This role of ACP depends upon its covalently bound 4’-phosphopantetheine (4-PP)-conjugated acyl chain to support maximal cysteine desulfurase activity. Thus, it is likely that ACP is not simply an obligate subunit but also exploits the 4-PP-conjugated acyl chain to coordinate mitochondrial fatty acid and FeS biogenesis. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.17828. 001
An Epidemiological Study of Hypertension and Its Risk Factors in Rural Population of Bangalore Rural District

Background: In developing countries like India the prevalence of non communicable diseases is slowly assuming an alarming proportions and Hypertension is the commonest NCD and it accounts for a large proportion of cardiovascular deaths. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of Hypertension in rural areas of Bangalore. To assess the risk factors and its strength of association with Hypertension. To study the treatment seeking behavior in hypertensives. Study period: June 2008 to June 2009. Materials and Methods: A house to house survey was conducted and 1501 study subjects 15 years of age and above were screened in a village using a pre tested questionnaire. Two independent BP readings were taken in sitting position by visiting each participant at their home. Hypertension was defined using JNC7 criteria. It defines hypertension as blood pressure more than 140/90 mmHg. Statistical tests: Percentiles, chi square test. Results: Prevalence of Hypertension was 8.06%. There were various risk factors significantly associated with hypertension like age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol, salt intake etc. Conclusion: The overall prevalence was 8.06%. Of the 121 hypertension patients 104 (85.95%) were aware of their disease and only 68 (65.38%) were taking regular treatment.
Rapid Characterization of GaN-on-diamond Interfacial Thermal Resistance Using Contactless Transient Thermoreflectance

Reducing GaN-on-diamond interfacial thermal resistance is crucial to maximize the thermal benefit of diamond substrates for high power transistor applications. In this work, we demonstrate a rapid, contactless transient thermoreflectance technique to assess the interfacial thermal resistance of as-grown GaN-on-diamond wafers.
Matters of fiber size and myonuclear domain: Does size matter more than age?

Introduction: The relationship between fiber size and myonuclear content is poorly understood. Methods: Biopsy cross‐sections from young and old trained and untrained healthy individuals were analyzed for fiber area and myonuclei, and 2 fiber‐size‐dependent cluster analyses were performed. Results: When comparing fibers of similar size, no effect of training or age was found for myonuclear domain. There was a linear relationship between fiber area and myonuclei per fiber (r = 0.99; P < 0.001) and a non‐linear relationship between fiber area and domain (r = 0.97–0.99; P < 0.0001), with a markedly smaller domain in fibers <3,000 µm2. A higher proportion of type II fibers <3,000 µm2 was observed in the old subjects. Conclusions: These findings suggest that age‐related reductions in myonuclear domain size could be explained by the greater proportion of small fibers. The data also highlight the usefulness of determining fiber‐size‐based clusters for gaining mechanistic insight into the relationship between skeletal muscle fiber size and myonuclear content. Muscle Nerve 52: 1040–1046, 2015
Interventional radiology in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the breast: a historical review and future perspective based on currently available techniques.

OBJECTIVE The topic of imaging-guided breast interventions spans more than 30 years. Radiologists pioneered procedures such as needle or wire localization and ultrasound and stereotactic-guided biopsy. Using recently developed devices and technology, the opportunity exists to treat lesions of the breast with minimally invasive imaging-guided techniques. CONCLUSION Breast imagers and interventional radiologists, along with our surgical and oncologic colleagues, are best qualified to participate together in the research and development of these procedures.
A change impact model for changeability assessment in object-oriented software systems

Growing maintenance costs have become a major concern for developers and users of software systems. Changeability is an important aspect of maintainability, especially in environments where software changes are frequently required. In this work, the assumption that high-level design has an influence on maintainability is carried over to changeability and investigated for quality characteristics. The approach taken to assess the changeability of an object-oriented (OO) system is to compute the impact of changes made to classes of the system. A change impact model is defined at the conceptual level and mapped on the C++ language. In order to assess the practicality of the model on large industrial software systems, an experiment involving the impact of one change is carried out on a telecommunications system. The results suggest that the software can easily absorb this kind of change and that well chosen conventional OO design metrics can be used as indicators of changeability.
The effect of changes in arterial PCO2 on neuroendocrine function in man

There is evidence that changes in arterial PCO2 (Pa,CO2), as well as PO2, influence neuroendocrine function. The hyponatraemia and fluid retention (cor pumonale) seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type II respiratory failure is associated with increased vasopressin release. This study examines the specific effects of altered Pa,CO2 on hormone release from the posterior and anterior pituitary. The study was performed in 20 ventilated ICU patients in the late recovery phase of their illness. None had primary respiratory disease. Control blood samples were taken and the alveolar ventilation was then adjusted to allow the Pa,CO2 increase or decrease for a period of 3 h, during which time further blood samples were taken for the determination, by radioimmmunoassy of vasopressin, oxytocin, growth hormone and cortisol. Urine output and electrolyte concentrations were also measured. Circulating concentrations of growth hormone and oxytocin increased with increasing Pa,CO2. Vasopressin release showed a similar pattern up to a Pa,CO2 of approximately 6.0 kPa, above which vasopressin concentrations were inversely related to Pa,CO2. There was no significant effect on cortisol concentrations. No significant effects were established in urinary parameters during the short period of this study. Thus an increase in CO2 is associated with stimulated pituitary hormone release. The effect on the neurohypophysial hormones may account for the fluid retention and hyponatraemia seen in COPD and hence provide a rationale for treatment.
Self-esteemmediates narcissism and aggression amongwomen , but notmen : A comparison of two theoretical models of narcissism among college students

a r t i c l e i n f o Previous research has linked narcissism, self-esteem, and aggression. Two theoretical models have been advanced to explain these relationships: the psychodynamic mask model and the threatened egotism model, each with empirical support. Past research has found gender differences in narcissism, self-esteem, and aggression ; however, little extant research into relationships between these variables has explored the role of gender. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-esteem between narcissism and aggression (physical aggression and verbal aggression) among U.S. college students and to explore whether these relationships varied between men and women. Results found support for the psychodynamic mask model, but only among women.
The impact of alternative V cmax trait-scaling hypotheses on global gross primary production

1 Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830-6301, USA 2 Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, S10 2TN, UK 3 National Centre for Earth Observation, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, RG6 6BX, UK 4 P.M. van Bodegom, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands 5 Macquarie University, Department of Biological Sciences, New South Wales 2109, Australia. 6 Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States 7 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA 8 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRSUVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 9 Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA, 87544
Microconical silicon structures influence NGF‐induced PC12 cell morphology

Micro‐and nanofabrication techniques provide the opportunity to develop new types of cell culture platform, where the effect of various topographical cues on cellular functions such as proliferation and differentiation can be studied. In this study, PC12 cells were cultured on patterned silicon (Si) surfaces comprising arrays of microcones (MCs) exhibiting different geometrical characteristics and surface chemistries. It was illustrated that, in the absence of nerve growth factor (NGF), PC12 cells increased proliferation on all types of patterned surface, as compared to flat Si surfaces. However, in the presence of NGF, PC12 cells showed different responses, depending on the plating surface. Unlike low and intermediate rough MC surfaces, highly rough ones exhibiting large distances between MCs did not support PC12 cell differentiation, independently of the MCs’ chemical coatings. These results suggest that the geometrical characteristics of MCs alone can influence specific cellular functions. Tailoring of the physical properties of arrays of Si MCs in order to identify which combinations of MC topologies and spatially defined chemistries are capable of driving specific cellular responses is envisaged. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clonal Characterization of Rat Muscle Satellite Cells: Proliferation, Metabolism and Differentiation Define an Intrinsic Heterogeneity

Satellite cells (SCs) represent a distinct lineage of myogenic progenitors responsible for the postnatal growth, repair and maintenance of skeletal muscle. Distinguished on the basis of their unique position in mature skeletal muscle, SCs were considered unipotent stem cells with the ability of generating a unique specialized phenotype. Subsequently, it was demonstrated in mice that opposite differentiation towards osteogenic and adipogenic pathways was also possible. Even though the pool of SCs is accepted as the major, and possibly the only, source of myonuclei in postnatal muscle, it is likely that SCs are not all multipotent stem cells and evidences for diversities within the myogenic compartment have been described both in vitro and in vivo. Here, by isolating single fibers from rat flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle we were able to identify and clonally characterize two main subpopulations of SCs: the low proliferative clones (LPC) present in major proportion (∼75%) and the high proliferative clones (HPC), present instead in minor amount (∼25%). LPC spontaneously generate myotubes whilst HPC differentiate into adipocytes even though they may skip the adipogenic program if co-cultured with LPC. LPC and HPC differ also for mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), ATP balance and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation underlying diversities in metabolism that precede differentiation. Notably, SCs heterogeneity is retained in vivo. SCs may therefore be comprised of two distinct, though not irreversibly committed, populations of cells distinguishable for prominent differences in basal biological features such as proliferation, metabolism and differentiation. By these means, novel insights on SCs heterogeneity are provided and evidences for biological readouts potentially relevant for diagnostic purposes described.
Phasic Phosphorylation of Caldesmon and ERK 1/2 during Contractions in Human Myometrium

Human myometrium develops phasic contractions during labor. Phosphorylation of caldesmon (h-CaD) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) has been implicated in development of these contractions, however the phospho-regulation of these proteins is yet to be examined during periods of both contraction and relaxation. We hypothesized that protein phosphorylation events are implicated in the phasic nature of myometrial contractions, and aimed to examine h-CaD and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in myometrium snap frozen at specific stages, including; (1) prior to onset of contractions, (2) at peak contraction and (3) during relaxation. We aimed to compare h-CaD and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in vitro against results from in vivo studies that compared not-in-labor (NIL) and laboring (L) myometrium. Comparison of NIL (n = 8) and L (n = 8) myometrium revealed a 2-fold increase in h-CaD phosphorylation (ser-789; P = 0.012) during onset of labor in vivo, and was associated with significantly up-regulated ERK2 expression (P = 0.022), however no change in ERK2 phosphorylation was observed (P = 0.475). During in vitro studies (n = 5), transition from non-contracting tissue to tissue at peak contraction was associated with increased phosphorylation of both h-CaD and ERK 1/2. Furthermore, tissue preserved at relaxation phase exhibited diminished levels of h-CaD and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation compared to tissue preserved at peak contraction, thereby producing a phasic phosphorylation profile for h-CaD and ERK 1/2. h-CaD and ERK 1/2 are phosphorylated during myometrial contractions, however their phospho-regulation is dynamic, in that h-CaD and ERK 1/2 are phosphorylated and dephosphorylated in phase with contraction and relaxation respectively. Comparisons of NIL and L tissue are at risk of failing to detect these changes, as L samples are not necessarily preserved in the midst of an active contraction.
Efficient importance sampling heuristics for the simulation of population overflow in Jackson networks

In this paper, we propose state-dependent importance sampling heuristics to estimate the probability of population overflow in Jackson networks with arbitrary routing. These heuristics approximate the "optimal" state-dependent change of measure without the need for costly optimization involved in other recently proposed adaptive algorithms. Experimental results on tandem, feed-forward and feed-back networks with a moderate number of nodes yield asymptotically efficient estimates (often with bounded relative error) where no other state-independent importance sampling techniques are known to be efficient.
Mechanical and morphological properties of chronically inactive cat tibialis anterior motor units.

1. The lumbar spinal cord was functionally isolated in ten cats by cord transection at the junctions of segments T12‐T13 and L7‐S1 and cutting bilaterally all dorsal roots between the two transections. Two 24 h EMG recording sessions were used to verify that muscles in the lower limb were virtually electrically silent. The cats were maintained in excellent health for 6 months. 2. Six months after spinal cord isolation, an acute experiment was performed to isolate a single motor unit from the tibialis anterior of each hindlimb using ventral root splitting techniques. Each motor unit was characterized physiologically as either fast fatigable (FF, n = 11), fast fatigue resistant (FR, n = 4), fast intermediate (FI, n = 2), or slow (S, n = 1), and repetitively stimulated to deplete the motor unit of its glycogen. 3. Maximum tensions of the fast motor units were lower than mean maximum tensions of control, whereas the S motor unit remained within the range observed in controls. In general, the isometric contractile properties, as well as fatigability, were within the ranges for each of the motor unit types in control cats. The mean fibre cross‐sectional areas of the fibres within the FR and FF motor units were approximately 40 and 50% smaller than control, while the mean fibre size of the fibers within the S motor unit was similar to control. 4. Innervation ratios and specific tensions for all experimental motor units were within the ranges of those reported for tibialis anterior motor units in control cats. Thus, it appears that the decrease in maximum tension of the fast motor units was primarily related to a reduction in fibre size. 5. The spatial distribution of the fibres within fast motor units of a spinally isolated cat, as measured by interfibre distances of the motor unit fibres, was similar to that reported for control tibialis anterior motor units. 6. These data suggest that factors independent of activity play a prominent, if not dominant, role in maintaining the complement of motor unit types typical of adult cat muscles. In addition, normal innervation patterns appear to be maintained in the absence of activity.
Interfacial failure under thermal fatigue loading in multilayered MEMS structures

The reliability of MEMS, and in particular of RF MEMS switches, might be increased by the use of a Physics of Failure (PoF) methodology. A numerical study, based on the finite element method (FEM) and on the representative volume element (RVE) approach was performed to examine the effects of temperature dependent materials properties, temperature variations on failure (e.g. yielding of metals) and to predict interfacial damage in multilayered MEMS structures. The effect of residual stresses, due to electroplating processes of the metal layers was considered in these studies to investigate their effects on MEMS reliability. Numerical results have shown that interfacial damage is mainly concentrated at the plating-base/substrate interface and it is strongly influenced by the temperature dependent material properties and by the presence of residual stresses.
Sexual Preference and Feminine and Masculine Sexual Behavior of Male Rats Prenatally Exposed to Antiandrogen or Antiestrogen

Male rats were prenatally (Day 10-19 of pregnancy) exposed to an antiestrogen, nitromifene citrate (CI628, 1 mg/rat), or an antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate (CA, 10 mg/rat), and in adulthood were examined for their exhibition of male-typical and female-typical behavior pattern. Treatment with CI628 abolished the capacity of the adult intact male to ejaculate, enhanced his potential to exhibit feminine sexual behavior, and decreased the intensity of the level of female-oriented behavior in a two-choice stimulus situation (estrous female vs active male). The administration of testosterone (T) did not alter these behaviors. Males exposed to CA showed low levels of lordosis behavior and normal levels of female-oriented preference. Further, they showed increased frequency of mounts and decreased number of intromissions, and only a few males ever ejaculated. Macroscopic inspection of the genital organs of the CI628-treated males revealed complete absence of the prostate. The dissections of the CA-treated males revealed a poorly developed penis and a blind-ending vagina. It was concluded that prenatal estrogen (E) is involved (1) in determining the development of mechanisms destined to mediate the display of male-typical behaviors in adulthood, (2) in suppressing the development of mechanisms of female-typical behaviors, and (3) seems to stimulate neural mechanisms influencing sexual preference behavior in the adult.
A Clinical Study of the Effectiveness of a Light Emitting Diode System on Tooth Bleaching

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a Light Emitting Diode (LED) System (BriteWhite) on tooth bleaching. Method: eeth 11 and 21 of twenty one subjects were treated in the chair with a LED light and 44% carbamide peroxide gel, followed by an at-home treatment period of 14 days with 35% carbamide peroxide. The color of the teeth was measured with a spectrophotometer (L*; a*; b*) before treatment (control) and after the above mentioned two stages. The subjects were also instructed to note tooth and gingival sensitivity. Results: For the L* component a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between base-line and directly after the LED treatment stage (whiter) was found and a complete relapse was found after the 14 day at-home treatment period. The b* component showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between base-line and the LED stage (less yellow more blue), with a further significant color improvement after the 14 day treatment period. For the a* component (green to red) no statistically significant change was (p>0.05) found throughout the study (Wilcox on Signed Rank Sum Test). A major color change of 1.8 units (ΔEab) was found after the LED treatment stage with only a further small 0.2 unit improvement after the 14 day at-home treatment stage. Tooth and gingival sensitivity scores were low (below mild) throughout the treatment stages. Conclusion: A major tooth color increase was found after the in-office LED/gel treatment stage and only an insignificant further improvement was noted after the additional 14 day at-home treatment period. Only low tooth and gingival sensitivity scores were found. A slight increase in both the sensitivity and gingival scores after the LED/gel activated stage could be observed. Overall the total color increase was low.
Mixing, Communication Complexity and Conjectures of Gowers and Viola

We study the distribution of products of conjugacy classes in finite simple groups, obtaining effective two-step mixing results, which give rise to an approximation to a conjecture of Thompson. Our results, combined with work of Gowers and Viola, also lead to the solution of recent conjectures they posed on interleaved products and related complexity lower bounds, extending their work on the groups SL(2, q) to all (non-abelian) finite simple groups. In particular it follows that, if G is a finite simple group, and A, B ⊆ Gt for t ⩾ 2 are subsets of fixed positive densities, then, as a = (a 1, . . ., at ) ∈ A and b = (b 1, . . ., bt ) ∈ B are chosen uniformly, the interleaved product a • b:=a 1 b 1 . atbt is almost uniform on G (with quantitative estimates) with respect to the ℓ∞-norm. It also follows that the communication complexity of an old decision problem related to interleaved products of a, b ∈ Gt is at least Ω(t log |G|) when G is a finite simple group of Lie type of bounded rank, and at least Ω(t log log |G|) when G is any finite simple group. Both these bounds are best possible.