Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Allosteric Interactions between the Myristate- and ATP-Site of the Abl Kinase

Abl kinase inhibitors targeting the ATP binding pocket are currently employed as potent anti-leukemogenic agents but drug resistance has become a significant clinical limitation. Recently, a compound that binds to the myristate pocket of Abl (GNF-5) was shown to act cooperatively with nilotinib, an ATP-competitive inhibitor to target the recalcitrant “T315I” gatekeeper mutant of Bcr-Abl. To uncover an explanation for how drug binding at a distance from the kinase active site could lead to inhibition and how inhibitors could combine their effects, hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry (HX MS) was employed to monitor conformational effects in the presence of both dasatinib, a clinically approved ATP-site inhibitor, and GNF-5. While dasatinib binding to wild type Abl clearly influenced Abl conformation, no binding was detected between dasatinib and T315I. GNF-5, however, elicited the same conformational changes in both wild type and T315I, including changes to dynamics within the ATP site located approximately 25 Å from the site of GNF-5 interaction. Simultaneous binding of dasatinib and GNF-5 to T315I caused conformational and/or dynamics changes in Abl such that effects of dasatinib on T315I were the same as when it bound to wild type Abl. These results provide strong biophysical evidence that allosteric interactions play a role in Abl kinase downregulation and that targeting sites outside the ATP binding site can provide an important pharmacological tool to overcome mutations that cause resistance to ATP-competitive inhibitors.
Teaching with The Social Brain in Mind: A Neuroscientific Perspective on the Cooperation Spectrum

Neuroscience, with the wealth of information it has gathered about the human brain, might easily appear to be the scientific support education has always been looking for, over its centuries of mostly philosophically fueled experimentation. However, neuroscience is far from being some kind of panacea, which, once found, solves all problems of education in the blink of an eye, as some would like to look at it. The authors of this brief summary believe that neuroscience can become a powerful tool in the hands of education only if professionals of both fields speak both languages and understand each other’s concepts. This summary is meant to be a kind of first sentence in that conversation, an introduction to the basic concepts of how the social brain works, and also a starting point for those who wish to further their knowledge in this field.
The Relationship of Head Start Teachers’ Academic Language Use and Children’s Receptive Vocabulary

ABSTRACT Research Findings: This study examines lexical- and sentence-level dimensions of academic language to describe teachers’ natural use of academic language and its association with vocabulary growth in 489 at-risk 4-year-olds enrolled in Head Start preschool classrooms. Using transcripts derived from video recordings of book-reading sessions in 52 classrooms, we developed measures to assess the relationships among teachers’ use of lexical elements (amount, sophistication, and diversity of vocabulary) and utterance length (mean length of utterance in words) and children’s end-of-year receptive vocabulary scores. Hierarchical linear models indicated that children in classrooms where teachers used more lexical elements had higher end-of-year receptive vocabulary scores than those who heard less. Conversely, children in classrooms where shorter utterances were used had higher end-of-year receptive vocabulary scores. Classroom factors also played a role in children’s vocabulary scores, indicating a need to address classroom environments in addition to teachers’ language use. Practice or Policy: Results indicate that teachers should consider the unique contributions of lexical- and sentence-level elements when providing vocabulary instruction for children with below-the-mean vocabulary scores. Implications for instruction are addressed.
Linear Systems Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Human V1

The linear transform model of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) hypothesizes that fMRI responses are proportional to local average neural activity averaged over a period of time. This work reports results from three empirical tests that support this hypothesis. First, fMRI responses in human primary visual cortex (V1) depend separably on stimulus timing and stimulus contrast. Second, responses to long-duration stimuli can be predicted from responses to shorter duration stimuli. Third, the noise in the fMRI data is independent of stimulus contrast and temporal period. Although these tests can not prove the correctness of the linear transform model, they might have been used to reject the model. Because the linear transform model is consistent with our data, we proceeded to estimate the temporal fMRI impulse–response function and the underlying (presumably neural) contrast–response function of human V1.
Off-pump vs. on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: an updated meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized trials.

AIMS The benefits of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) continue to be debated, in part due to the fact that pooled effects fail to consider differences in trial and patient characteristics. We sought to analyse the contemporary evidence for OPCAB vs. conventional coronary artery bypass (CCAB), incorporating recent larger trials, and adjusting for differences in trials using a technique known as meta-regression. METHODS AND RESULTS We systematically reviewed MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane database for published and unpublished randomized trials of OPCAB vs. CCAB in which 30-day or in-hospital clinical outcomes were reported. The outcomes of interest were: all-cause mortality, stroke, and myocardial infarction. In addition to measuring the pooled treatment effects using a random effects meta-analysis model, we measured the effect of selected trial-level factors on the effects observed using the meta-regression technique. Fifty-nine trials were included, encompassing 8961 patients with a mean age of 63.4 and 16% females. There was a significant 30% reduction in the occurrence of post-operative stroke with OPCAB [risk ratio (RR) 0.70, 95% CI: 0.49-0.99]. There was no significant difference in mortality (RR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.63-1.30) or myocardial infarction (pooled RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.69-1.13). In the meta-regression analysis, the effect of OPCAB on all of the clinical outcomes was similar regardless of mean age, proportion of females in the trial, number of grafts per patient, and trial publication date. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis incorporating recent trials suggests that there appears to be a beneficial effect of OPCAB on stroke. Moreover, our meta-regression does not support the hypothesis that differences in study populations are responsible for the observed outcomes, although pooled individual patient-data would be better suited to confirm these findings.
Humor Styles, Dispositional Optimism, and Mental Health Among Undergraduates in Hong Kong and China

This study examines the relationship among humor styles, dispositional optimism, and mental health among a sample of 800 undergraduates in Hong Kong and Mainland China. The Chinese Humor Styles Questionnaire, the Life Orientation Test–Revised, and the Symptom Checklist-90–Revised were used. Hong Kong students used significantly more aggressive and selfdefeating humor than did Mainland students, while Mainland students used significantly more affiliative and self-enhancing humor. Optimism was positively correlated with affiliative and self-enhancing humor but was
Channel Load Evaluation in MANET When Using BMAC

In this paper we evaluate the channel load on the total ad hoc network performance when using the beamformed MAC protocol: BMAC [1]. Carefully exploitation of the multipath channel using smart antennas can lead to improve the capacity and the quality in MANET (Mobile Adhoc NETwork). In BMAC the channel-acquisition sub algorithm, maintains an estimated channel version to be used by the beamforming techniques. The primary results show that higher throughput, lower power consumption, and lower latency can be achieved. Herein we present an exhaustive evaluation of the channel acquisition load on the network when the nodes are involving in such mobility scenario. One key result is that a judicious choice of the acquisition period slightly charges the network while improving the overall performance.
Outpatient Lumbar Microdiscectomy: A Prospective Study in 122 Patients

Background: Outpatient surgery saves the risk of nosocomial complications and health care dollars. Patients undergoing lumbar microsurgical discectomy are excellent candidates for outpatient surgery. The object of this study was to examine the feasibility of performing lumbar microdiscectomy on an outpatient protocol and to examine the potential savings associated with such a protocol. Methods: From February 1997 to September, 2001, 122 consecutive patients of the senior author were entered into a protocol of outpatient lumbar microdiscectomy. Only elective cases were considered for this study. Patients were excluded if they had significant co-morbidities, lived a significant distance out of town, or if their surgery was scheduled too late in the day. Success was defined as discharge home from the day-surgery unit approximately four hours after surgery. Results: During the study period, 150 elective lumbar microdiscectomies were performed. Twenty-four patients were excluded based on the above criteria and four patients requested not to participate in the study. Of the remaining 122, 116 successfully completed the protocol (95.1%). Six patients were admitted from the day surgery unit; two patients with dural tears and four patients with anaesthetic side-effects. No patient was readmitted to hospital after discharge and no complications of early discharge were observed. There was a total reduction in hospitalization of 1.2 nights per elective procedure considering the 150 patients, when compared with the hospitalization times prior to outpatient lumbar microdiscectomy. Conclusion: Lumbar microdiscectomy can be performed safely as an outpatient procedure, resulting in a substantial reduction in hospitalization times.
Highest Frequencies of Interleukin-22-Producing T Helper Cells in Alcoholic Hepatitis Patients with a Favourable Short-Term Course

Background Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) has a severe prognosis due to hepatic inflammatory injury. The cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22) is reported to exert anti-apoptotic and proliferative effects, but IL-22 has not been studied during the course of AH. IL-22 is mainly produced by CD4+ (helper) T cells, including Th17 cells. In addition, Th17 cells produce the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A, which has been implicated in AH. Aims We aimed to study the levels of circulating IL-22- and IL-17A-producing T helper cells and plasma cytokines in patients with AH and to examine the observations in relation to the short-term disease course. Methods We collected blood samples from 21 consecutive patients with severe AH on days 0, 14 and 30 after diagnosis, and included 10 stable alcoholic cirrhosis patients and 10 healthy subjects as controls. Analyses were performed using flow cytometry and ELISA. Results We found higher frequencies of IL-22-producing T helper cells in AH patients (median 1.7%) than in cirrhosis patients (1.0%, p = 0.03) and healthy controls (1.0%, p = 0.01), and a 1.5-fold increase in the plasma concentration of IL-17A in AH compared with healthy controls (p<0.01). Those patients who markedly improved their Glasgow Alcoholic Hepatitis Score demonstrated a 2-fold higher frequency of IL-22-producing T helper cells at baseline and during follow-up than patients whose condition deteriorated (p = 0.04). Conclusions The frequency of IL-22-producing T helper cells was increased in AH patients and most so in those whose condition seemed to improve. T cell differentiation toward an IL-22-producing phenotype may thus be favourable in AH.
The Profile of Creativity and Proposing Statistical Problem Quality Level Reviewed From Cognitive Style

This research aims to reveal the profile about the level of creativity and the ability to propose statistical problem of students at Mathematics Education 2014 Batch in the State University of Makassar in terms of their cognitive style. This research uses explorative qualitative method by giving meta-cognitive scaffolding at the time of research. The hypothesis of research is that students who have field independent (FI) cognitive style in statistics problem posing from the provided information already able to propose the statistical problem that can be solved and create new data and the problem is already been included as a high quality statistical problem, while students who have dependent cognitive field (FD) commonly are still limited in statistics problem posing that can be finished and do not load new data and the problem is included as medium quality statistical problem.
Mathematics: I don´t like it! I like it! Very much, a litle, not at all ... Social support and emotions in students from 2nd and 3rd cycles of education

This research analyses achievement emotions and their relationship to perceived classroom support (teacher and peers) as well as the effects of grade, achievement and gender on emotions in a specific subject domain: mathematics. The participants were 1,494 Portuguese students from the sixth and eighth grades who were asked about their perceptions of teacher and peer support and their achievement emotions towards mathematics (Boredom, Hopelessness, Anger, Anxiety, Enjoyment, Pride and Relief) in two different settings (classroom and test). Results provide empirical evidence that student perceptions of classroom support were positively related to positive activating emotions and negatively related to negative emotions. Furthermore students with higher mathematics grades were found to have higher scores in positive emotions and lower scores in negative emotions in both classroom and test situations. A decrease in positive emotions and an increase of negative emotions in older students were also found. In regard to gender the analysis highlighted that positive class emotions were not significantly different, and show a significant effect on Anxiety with girls achieving higher scores than boys. In the test situation gender had a significant effect on Hopelessness, Anxiety and Relief, with girls showing higher scores than boys. For positive test emotions boys reported more Enjoyment and Pride than girls.
Fusion of audio and visual cues for laughter detection

Past research on automatic laughter detection has focused mainly on audio-based detection. Here we present an audio-visual approach to distinguishing laughter from speech and we show that integrating the information from audio and video channels leads to improved performance over single-modal approaches. Each channel consists of 2 streams (cues), facial expressions and head movements for video and spectral and prosodic features for audio. We used decision level fusion to integrate the information from the two channels and experimented using the SUM rule and a neural network as the integration functions. The results indicate that even a simple linear function such as the SUM rule achieves very good performance in audiovisual fusion. We also experimented with different combinations of cues with the most informative being the facial expressions and the spectral features. The best combination of cues is the integration of facial expressions, spectral and prosodic features when a neural network is used as the fusion method. When tested on 96 audiovisual sequences, depicting spontaneously displayed (as opposed to posed) laughter and speech episodes, in a person independent way the proposed audiovisual approach achieves over 90% recall rate and over 80% precision.
Sparse Markov net learning with priors on regularization parameters

In this paper, we consider the problem of structure recovery in Markov Network over Gaussian variables, that is equivalent to finding the zero-pattern of the sparse inverse covariance matrix. Recently proposed l1-regularized optimization methods result into convex problems that can be solved optimally and efficiently. However, the accuracy such methods can be quite sensitive to the choice of regularization parameter, and optimal selection of this parameter remains an open problem. Herein, we adopt a Bayesian approach, treating the regularization parameter(s) as random variable(s) with some prior, and using MAP optimization to find both the inverse covariance matrix and the unknown regularization parameters. Our general formulation allows a vector of regularization parameters and is well-suited for learning structured graphs such as scale-free networks where the sparsity of nodes varies significantly. We present promising empirical results on both synthetic and real-life datasets, demonstrating that our approach achieves a better balance between the false-positive and falsenegative errors than commonly used approaches.
Short-Run and Long-Run Relationships between Real Interest Rates in G-7 Countries

An electromagnetic pickup cartridge having a pair of output terminals and a yoke with a pair of arms and a pair of generator coils respectively would on the arms where the first of the coils has a start terminal where the coil winding begins and an end terminal where the winding ends and the second of the coils also has a start terminal and an end terminal to thus provide a first pair of start terminals and a pair of end teminals where one of the pairs of terminals are connected to each other and the other of the pairs of terminals are respectively connected to the output terminals. In particular, the start terminals may be connected to each other while the end terminals are respectively connected to the output terminals or vice versa.
Pupillary responses to emotionally provocative stimuli

This paper investigated in two experiments pupillary responses to emotionally provocative sound stimuli. In experiment one, 30 subjects' pupillary responses were measured while listening to 10 negatively and 10 positively arousing sounds, and 10 emotionally neutral sounds. In addition, the subjects rated their subjective experiences to these stimuli. The results showed that the pupil size was significantly larger after highly arousing positive and negative stimuli than after neutral stimuli with medium arousal. In experiment two, the contents of the stimuli were more controlled than in experiment one. 22 subjects' pupillary responses were measured while listening to four negatively and four positively arousing sounds, and four emotionally neutral sounds. The results showed that the pupil size was significantly larger during negative highly arousing stimuli than during moderately arousing positive stimuli. The pupil size was also significantly larger after highly arousing negative stimuli than after moderately arousing neutral and positive stimuli. The results of the two experiments suggest that pupil size discriminates during and after different kinds of emotional stimuli. Thus, the measurement of pupil size variation my be a potentially useful computer input signal, for example, for affective computing.
AuthenMetric F 1 : A Highly Accurate and Fast Face Recognition System

AuthenMetric F1 is a face-based biometric authentication system. Like Formula One (F1), the system is fast and accurate. Better than that F1, this F1 makes no disasters, hence can save money and human lives. As a demo at ICCV, it must have been made of scientific ingredients of computer vision, such as innovative imaging hardware, local feature extraction and statistical learning; it is further enhanced by engineering inspirations. The system is high in both speed and accuracy. A users can be identified quickly once he/she sees him/herself in a mirror or LCD, at a distance of an arm away from the camera. The performance is regardless of illumination changes. Interested? Come to user-experience the magic. Technically, we present a highly accurate, realtime face recognition system for cooperative user applications. The novelties are: (1) a novel design of camera hardware, and (2) a learning based procedure for effective face and eye detection and recognition with the resulting imagery. The hardware minimizes environmental lighting and delivers face images with frontal lighting. This avoids many problems in subsequent face processing to a great extent. The face detection and recognition algorithms are based on a local feature representation. Statistical learning is applied to learn most effective features and classifiers for building face detection and recognition engines. The novel imaging system and the detection and recognition engines are integrated into a powerful face recognition system. Evaluated in real-world user scenario, a condition that is harder than a technology evaluation such as Face Recognition Vendor Tests (FRVT), the system has demonstrated excellent accuracy, speed and usability.
New Pharmacological Perspectives for the Leptin Receptor in the Treatment of Obesity

After its discovery in 1994, leptin became the great hope as an anti-obesity treatment based on its ability to reduce food intake and increase energy expenditure. However, treating obese people with exogenous leptin was unsuccessful in most cases since most of them present already high circulating leptin levels to which they do not respond anymore defining the so-called state of “leptin resistance. ” Indeed, leptin therapy is unsuccessful to lower body weight in commonly obese people but effective in people with rare single gene mutations of the leptin gene. Consequently, treatment of obese people with leptin was given less attention and the focus of obesity research shifted toward the prevention and reversal of the state of leptin resistance. Many of these new promising approaches aim to restore or sensitize the impaired function of the leptin receptor by pharmacological means. The current review will focus on the different emerging therapeutic strategies in obesity research that are related to leptin and its receptor.
Weak Amenability of Hyperbolic Groups

We prove that hyperbolic groups are weakly amenable. This partially extends the result of Cowling and Haagerup showing that lattices in simple Lie groups of real rank one are weakly amenable. We take a combinatorial approach in the spirit of Haagerup and prove that for the word length metric d on a hyperbolic group, the Schur multipliers associated with r^d have uniformly bounded norms for 0<r<1. We then combine this with a Bozejko-Picardello type inequality to obtain weak amenability.
Investigating the role of ICT in improving productivity in construction supply chains in Australian construction industry.

The Australian construction industry is a fragmented and profoundly competitive industry with high levels of subcontracting resulting in complex supply chain formations. Traditional methods and forms of communication are being proven as inefficient and losing their charm while participants face heavy volumes of communications that often occurs on a daily basis between trading partners in a supply chain on projects. Information Communication Technologies (ICT), due to their robustness and the ability to quickly disseminate data/information, have the capacity to address highlighted communication issues in a structured and an efficient manner. Timesavings produced by these can be directly translated in terms of productivity gain. This paper presents perceptions of subcontractors working in the construction industry in Melbourne Australia on the use of ICT obtained through an exploratory study.