Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CSR in SMEs: Do SMEs Matter for the CSR Agenda?

In this paper we argue that the collective grandness of small business is often underestimated in CSR research and policy-making. We emphasize the importance of understanding the contexts and the ways in which small- and medium-sized companies engage in CSR and how they differ from multinational companies. We suggest that it might be that researchers and practitioners are asking the wrong questions in their ambitions to prove ‘the business case for CSR’. Perhaps we should rather focus on the ‘how’ and the ‘with what impact’ questions to understand better the SME engagement in CSR.
Explorers and Surveyors: Expanding Strategies for Agenda-Setting Research

This essay by a pioneer scholar in the field broadly summarizes the collective body of findings from hundreds of agenda-setting studies of the past 20 years and suggests fruitful research lines for the future. McCombs finds that, as with pealing a sweet onion, there are layers of research, each with its distinct tantalizing aroma of conclusions. Journalism practitioners, scholars, students and scholars from political science and other disciplines have contributed many perspectives within the context of a variety of data-gathering techniques and subjects. Broadly speaking, he finds that scholars tend to be those who carefully survey and mark ground that has already been discovered but only loosely explored and those who are tempted to move beyond the boundaries of the known. As the circle of research activity enlarges, we know much. But there is more that we do not know, and that is more exciting.
Determinants of life satisfaction in Hong Kong Chinese elderly: A longitudinal study

The objective of the current study was to identify the predictive variables of life satisfaction in Chinese elderly people. Data came from a longitudinal study of a representative community sample of the elderly Chinese population in Hong Kong. Life satisfaction three years later is associated with a number of variables including gender, age, marital status, years of education, chronic illness, functional impairment, self-rated health, somatic complaints, vision, hearing, social network, social support from family members, quality of social support and financial strain. Using multiple regression models, the authors found that younger elderly persons with less financial strain, better social support, fewer somatic complaints and more education reported a higher level of life satisfaction three years later. These findings were consistent with previous Western studies.
Teacher Perceptions and Responses to the Implementation of the Gifted and Talented Initiative in Gloucestershire and Wiltshire Primary Schools

The central importance of primary school teacher attitudes and expertise in optimising learning outcomes for gifted children is well documented. The literature review critically analysed current studies in this field and pointed to the need for further research in the application of the Gifted and Talented initiative. The Gifted and Talented initiative was a government education policy aiming to recognise and provide for more able children in primary and secondary grant maintained schools in England and Wales. This study aimed to discover how this initiative has been received in selected primary schools by presenting a snapshot of how teachers are identifying and providing for gifted pupils in the local area. As talented primary school pupils are provided with a range of activities on a regular basis, this study focused on the academically gifted cohort, where much resistance has been well recognised relating to elitism and stereotypical attitudes towards this more able group. The qualitative study took the form of five individual teacher/coordinator semi-structured interviews in Gloucestershire and Wiltshire, aiming to understand from a primary school teacher’s perspective their interpretation and application of the policy documents relating to gifted children. The purpose of the study was to discover if gifted children are being identified, how they are being identified and, if so, what type of provision is being offered. The interview material consisted of transcripts and associated documents provided by teacher/coordinators and others obtained through research. Analysis was undertaken through thematic coding scrutiny and document comparisons of transcripts, where subjectivity is recognised due to prior involvement in education -situated knowledge. The findings suggest that the majority of schools in the local area are responding to the needs of gifted children, but the level of response differs significantly with individual school approaches and situational factors. Due to OfSTED inspection regimes that necessitate appropriate challenge for all pupils, including the gifted, teachers who may be sceptical are obliged to conform to a degree.
Longitudinal Study of the Psychological Effects of Sexual Abuse in African American Girls in Foster Care and Those Who Remain Home

This study longitudinally examined the effects of foster care placement versus remaining at home upon the psychological functioning of 64 African-American, sexually abused girls aged 5-16 years. The children were intitially evlauted with a multi-method assessment protocal within six months following report of the abuse and then reevaluated approximately one year later. The findings indicate that the group as a whole showed a decline in affective distress and depression. However, the children continued to show disturbed perceptions of relationships and high levels of stress relative to their adaptive coping skills. The caregivers continued to rate the children as showing many behavioral problems, low social competence, considerable sexual abuse-related anxiety and sexual acting-out behavior. Overall, there were no significant differences in the psychological functioning of the girls who remained at home and those who were placed in foster care. In supplementary, cross-sectional analyses involving 24 additi.
A Transmembrane Hybrid-Type Histidine Kinase in Arabidopsis Functions as an Osmosensor

Water deficit and the resulting osmotic stress affect plant growth. To understand how plant cells monitor and respond to osmotic change from water stress, we isolated a cDNA from dehydrated Arabidopsis plants. This cDNA encodes a novel hybrid-type histidine kinase, ATHK1. Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping showed that the ATHK1 gene is on chromosome 2. The predicted ATHK1 protein has two putative transmembrane regions in the N-terminal half and has structural similarity to the yeast osmosensor synthetic lethal of N-end rule 1 (SLN1). The ATHK1 transcript was more abundant in roots than other tissues under normal growth conditions and accumulated under conditions of high or low osmolarity. Histochemical analysis of β-glucuronidase activities driven by the ATHK1 promoter further indicates that the ATHK1 gene is transcriptionally upregulated in response to changes in external osmolarity. Overexpression of the ATHK1 cDNA suppressed the lethality of the temperature-sensitive osmosensing-defective yeast mutant sln1-ts. By contrast, ATHK1 cDNAs in which conserved His or Asp residues had been substituted failed to complement the sln1-ts mutant, indicating that ATHK1 functions as a histidine kinase. Introduction of the ATHK1 cDNA into the yeast double mutant sln1Δ sho1Δ, which lacks two osmosensors, suppressed lethality in high-salinity media and activated the high-osmolarity glycerol response 1 (HOG1) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). These results imply that ATHK1 functions as an osmosensor and transmits the stress signal to a downstream MAPK cascade.
Generating True Relevance Labels in Chinese Search Engine Using Clickthrough Data

In current search engines, ranking functions are learned from a large number of labeled pairs in which the labels are assigned by human judges, describing how well the URLs match the different queries. However in commercial search engines, collecting high quality labels is time-consuming and labor-intensive. To tackle this issue, this paper studies how to produce the true relevance labels for pairs using clickthrough data. By analyzing the correlations between query frequency, true relevance labels and users’ behaviors, we demonstrate that the users who search the queries with similar frequency have similar search intents and behavioral characteristics. Based on such properties, we propose an efficient discriminative parameter estimation in a multiple instance learning algorithm (MIL) to automatically produce true relevance labels for pairs. Furthermore, we test our approach using a set of real world data extracted from a Chinese commercial search engine. Experimental results not only validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, but also indicate that our approach is more likely to agree with the aggregation of the multiple judgments when strong disagreements exist in the panel of judges. In the event that the panel of judges is consensus, our approach provides more accurate automatic label results. In contrast with other models, our approach effectively improves the correlation between automatic labels and manual labels.
Assessing plural morphology in children acquiring /s/-leniting dialects of Spanish.

PURPOSE To examine the production of plural morphology in children acquiring a dialect of Spanish with syllable-final /s/ lenition with the goal of comparing how plural marker omissions in the speech of these children compare with plural marker omissions in children with language impairment acquiring other varieties of Spanish. METHOD Three production tasks were administered to children. A repetition task was used to examine children's production of the plural marker in plural noun phrases, and 2 Berko-style tasks evaluated children's production of the plural marker in bare nouns. Behavior on these tasks was compared with plural marker comprehension for each individual child. RESULTS There was a correlation between children's comprehension of the plural marker and their production of the plural marker on plural noun phrases in the repetition task but not between comprehension and production of the plural marker on bare nouns in the Berko-style tasks. CONCLUSIONS Assessments of plural morphology as a clinical marker of language impairment in Spanish-speaking children may be problematic, especially in children acquiring dialects of Spanish with /s/ lenition, such as those originating in Chile, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Central America. Instead, for children acquiring /s/-leniting dialects of Spanish, assessments of the plural marker in noun phrases produced within a sentence frame may be a better indicator of acquisition than traditional Berko-style tasks that elicit bare nouns.
A Quantitative Assessment of Lareau’s Qualitative Conclusions About Class, Race, and Parenting

The authors used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999, to test ideas from Lareau’s qualitative study of social class differences in parenting. Consistent with Lareau, a confirmatory factor analysis supported the general concerted cultivation construct—a parenting strategy that subsumes parents’ school engagement, children’s participation in extracurricular activities, and the amount of educational materials in the home. The authors also found that socioeconomic status (SES) was the major correlate of parents’ use of concerted cultivation. Contrary to Lareau, however, the authors found that racial/ethnic differences in concerted cultivation are moderately strong, even with SES controlled. Finally, this study identified a variety of other family characteristics that are related to concerted cultivation, net of SES. The findings suggest the utility of combining qualitative and quantitative approaches to understand the intergenerational transmission of social status.
The Occupational Aspirations and Expectations of College Students Majoring in Jazz Studies

This study was designed to investigate the occupational aspirations and occupational expectations of college students majoring in jazz studies in the United States. Participants included the population of jazz studies majors (N = 211) at a large mid-southern university known for its prestigious and internationally recognized jazz program. A response rate of 85% was obtained. Occupational aspirations and occupational expectations were measured on the Jazz Occupational Prestige Index. Results indicated that students aspired to more prestigious occupations but expected to be employed in occupations less prestigious when considering the realities of the job market. A small percentage of students (4.7%) aspired to teach while a higher percentage (15.8%) expected to be engaged in teaching as a profession. The analysis of relationships between variables revealed a low positive relationship between occupational aspiration and support from significant others. All other relationships were negligible.
A Comparative Analysis of Contemporary Achievement Goal Orientation Measures

As research on achievement goals has increased, so has the number of different measures of goal orientations. In this article, the authors examined three popular measures of task and ego achievement goal orientations in terms of factorial and construct validity, internal consistency reliability, and distributional characteristics. College students completed the Ability and Task Orientation scales from the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Survey (PALS), Task and Ego Motivational Orientation Scales, and the General Learning and Performance Goal Orientations Scales. The first two sets of scales assess goal orientations for schoolwork, whereas the third is more general. To assess construct validity, the scales were correlated with the Jackson Achievement Orientation Scale, beliefs concerning the role of effort and ability in success, and interest/enjoyment of and boredom with schoolwork. The PALS scales generally faired the best in terms of distributional characteristics, factorial validity, and construct validity.
Bereavement : reactions, consequences, and care

"The book is well organized, well detailed, and well referenced; it is an invaluable sourcebook for researchers and clinicians working in the area of bereavement. For those with limited knowledge about bereavement, this volume provides an excellent introduction to the field and should be of use to students as well as to professionals," states Contemporary Psychology. The Lancet comments that this book "makes good and compelling reading.It was mandated to address three questions: what is known about the health consequences of bereavement; what further research would be important and promising; and whether there are preventive interventions that should either be widely adopted or further tested to evaluate their efficacy. The writers have fulfilled this mandate well. "
Review of Barrett’s Oesophagus to Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma: New Prospect

Today’s knowledge on oesophageal adenocarcinoma and its rising incidence has encouraged researcher to illustrate relationship between Barrett’s disease and progression to adenocarcinoma. The incidence of this disease has been accelerated sharply in current decades since people life has changed. Studies have been demonstrated that several potential factors including genetical and environmental factors are involved on Barrett’s transformation. Using different detectable biomarkers and techniques have supported early recognition of adenocarcinoma but still have not clarified pathogenesis of Barrett’s oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. This review summarizes as much as information in relationship with those evidences that have been finalised in different aspects of cellular and molecular pathogenesis of OA. However, current data shows that bacteria might play new role in the pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma.
Gender Differences in Reports of Self-Reliance for Diabetes Tasks in a Pediatric Sample

In this study we explored whether there are gender differences in perceptions of child self-reliance for diabetes tasks in 104 families of youth aged eight to 16 with Type 1 diabetes. We gathered questionnaire data to measure the degree to which parents and children report that children are self-reliant with regard to diabetes tasks. In each family, one parent and the child with diabetes completed a battery of questionnaires independently. Results of a 2(sex) x 3(age) x 2(parent/child) ANOVA indicated that parents of boys reported that boys were less self-reliant than the boys themselves reported while no significant differences between girls’ selfreports and their parents’ reports were found. Future research should attempt to replicate these findings and explain the discrepancy between boys’ self-reports and parent reports of children’s self-reliance for diabetes tasks.
Regulators, Mount Up! Analysis of Privacy Policies for Mobile Money Services

Emerging digital financial services use mobile phones to provide access to populations traditionally excluded from the global economy. These "mobile money" services have proven extremely successful in their first ten years of deployment, and provide a powerful means of raising people out of poverty. Such services have access to a wealth of customer information, potentially including entire purchase histories, geolocation, and social network information. In this paper, we perform the first study of privacy policies in mobile money services, evaluating policies from 54 services and comparing them to 50 policies from traditional financial institutions. Because mobile money services are developed under a wide range of regulatory environments, we compare policies to the industry standard (the GSMA's Mobile Privacy Principles) and to a traditional national standard (the FDIC's Privacy Rule Handbook). Our analysis shows that almost half (44%) of these mobile money services do not have any privacy policy whatsoever. Of the services that do have privacy policies, roughly one-third (33%) fail to provide them in either of the two most common languages of their market. Furthermore, 50% of these policies do not ever identify to the user what data is actually being collected and stored. Finally, we find that where policies do exist, they are often incomplete and difficult to read by their target customers. These findings show that more work is needed to protect consumer privacy within these mobile money services.
Impact of the psychosocial work environment on registered absence from work: A two-year longitudinal study using the IPAW cohort

During the Intervention Project on Absence and Well-being (IPAW), a 5-year project conducted in Denmark, we investigated psychosocial work environment factors as independent predictors of the number of absence days per year. The present two-year longitudinal study used the IPAW cohort, but was not intended to study intervention effects, which will be reported later. Data were derived from baseline questionnaires and employers’ registers of absence for 1919 participants (1305 women, 614 men, mainly in low-skilled jobs) in different occupations from 52 workplaces. These workplaces included municipal care, municipal technical services and a large pharmaceutical company. Analyses were performed by Poisson regression accounting for over-dispersion. After controlling for age, family type, health behaviours and physical work environment variables, we found that high levels of decision authority predicted low absence rates in both women and men. We tested two new psychosocial constructs developed for this study: Predictability (relating to being informed on future events at work) and Meaning of Work (relating to how meaningful and useful the work is perceived to be). Higher Predictability was a significant predictor of lower absence rates in men. This study adds to the body of evidence that the psychosocial working environment influences absence and should therefore be considered to be an important target for intervention.
Comparative Study of Features Fusion Techniques

This paper presents a unique Comparative Study of Features Fusion Techniques for Iris. In 1993, Daughman developed IrisCode and it is influenced many researchers to develop different Iris Recognition System using different techniques. Iris Features are extracted using existing techniques like 2D-FFT, DWC, LBP, PCA etc. More information is extracted by fusing multiple features. Feature Fusion is a method of integrating related information extracted from a group of Training and Testing images without losing any data. In this paper, a novel technique like LR-Fusion, RL-Fusion, DU-Fusion and UD-Fusion are used for feature fusion at pixel level. The resulted features are more informative and authentication can be improved. It also provides survey about some of the various existing Feature extraction techniques and a comparative study of all Feature fusion methods. The result concludes DU-Fusion is better approach among other fusion methods. The verification and identification performance of the current model is verified on CASIA dataset.
Perceived Group Variability and the Salience of Personal and Social Identity

In this chapter the relation between personal and social identity salience and perceived group variability is analysed. The hypothesis is proposed that the out-group homogeneity effect occurs mainly when personal identity is salient. The studies concerning perceived variability present in the literature are divided using three orthogonal criteria: (a) the level of individuation within the context; (b) the types of group, natural or non-natural; (c) the relative size of the groups. The review of the literature confirms the hypothesis proposed and allows us to consider ingroup and outgroup homogeneity effects as two distinct phenomena, rather than two faces of the same coin.
Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase 1 Autocatalysis and Function Does Not Require a Mitochondrial-specific Factor*

Background: Autocatalytic processing is required for Psd1p function. Molecular requirements for Psd1p autocatalysis are largely undefined. Results: Psd1p autocatalysis occurs in yeast mutants lacking its substrate or mitochondrial-specific lipids. Furthermore, Psd1p re-directed to the endoplasmic reticulum undergoes autocatalysis and is functional in vivo. Conclusion: Psd1p autocatalysis does not require its substrate or mitochondrial-specific lipids, proteins, or co-factors. Significance: Once membrane-embedded, Psd1p is autocatalytically self-sufficient. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a major cellular phospholipid that can be made by four separate pathways, one of which resides in the mitochondrion. The mitochondrial enzyme that generates PE is phosphatidylserine decarboxylase 1 (Psd1p). The pool of PE produced by Psd1p, which cannot be compensated for by the other cellular PE metabolic pathways, is important for numerous mitochondrial functions, including oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dynamics and morphology, and is essential for murine development. To become catalytically active, Psd1p undergoes an autocatalytic processing step involving a conserved LGST motif that separates the enzyme into α and β subunits that remain non-covalently attached and are anchored to the inner membrane by virtue of the membrane-embedded β subunit. It was speculated that Psd1p autocatalysis requires a mitochondrial-specific factor and that for Psd1p to function in vivo, it had to be embedded with the correct topology in the mitochondrial inner membrane. However, the identity of the mitochondrial factor required for Psd1p autocatalysis has not been identified. With the goal of defining molecular requirements for Psd1p autocatalysis, we demonstrate that: 1) despite the conservation of the LGST motif from bacteria to humans, only the serine residue is absolutely required for Psd1p autocatalysis and function; 2) yeast Psd1p does not require its substrate phosphatidylserine for autocatalysis; and 3) contrary to a prior report, yeast Psd1p autocatalysis does not require mitochondrial-specific phospholipids, proteins, or co-factors, because Psd1p re-directed to the secretory pathway undergoes autocatalysis normally and is fully functional in vivo.