Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avoiding Dialogues of Non-Discovery through Promoting Dialogues of Discovery.

International students and direct entrants—those entering a higher year of a degree—often come from socio-economic or cultural backgrounds different from traditional students, and have different educational backgrounds. It is assumed such students need help with unfamiliar assessment tasks such as essays, reports, and so on, and many sources aim to help with these elements. Further assumptions are that dialogue helps, and that the words used in such dialogue will be understood similarly. Yet, if the assumed meanings of the words actually differ, then such dialogue is based on a false assumption; rather than genuine dialogue, what actually occurs is an exchange of monologic utterances. This article is a structured narrative of our ongoing research into how key assessment task words such as ‘discuss,’ ‘analyse,’ and ‘critically evaluate’ are understood differently in higher education. We describe how such differences are perpetuated through Martin Buber’s (1947) ideas of monologic utterances, and what we call ‘dialogues of non-discovery’. Here we detail a research-based approach to promote genuine and technical dialogue: what we call ‘dialogues of discovery. ’ We first introduce a dialogue that led to the genesis of the study and theoretical context of our dialogues with the literature. We then detail our methods of data collection in a section of ‘dialogues of exploration’. We present our findings in the form of categorizations of the different elements underpinning people’s understandings of ‘the word. ’ Our own categorizations of these elements encourage dialogue around the elements of language, culture, stakeholder, subject, weight, and development over time. This is an approach we term an ‘anti-glossary approach’ in that it is opposite to, and against, ‘fixing’ or ‘ossifying’ the language in a glossary. In the Bakhtinian tradition of ‘incompletedness,’ we conclude by encouraging readers to take and adapt our findings as an ‘anti-glossary’ approach to engage in genuine and technical dialogue with their students. In this way, we believe the quality and depth of student work can improve.
A New Spiral Arm of the Galaxy: The Far 3 kpc Arm

We report the detection in CO of the far-side counterpart of the well-known expanding 3 kpc arm in the central region of the Galaxy. In a CO longitude-velocity map at b = 0° the far 3 kpc arm can be followed over at least 20° of Galactic longitude as a faint lane at positive velocities running parallel to the near arm. The far arm crosses l = 0° at +56 km s−1, quite symmetric with the –53 km s−1 expansion velocity of the near arm. In addition to their symmetry in longitude and velocity, we find that the two arms have line widths (~21 km s−1), linear scale heights (~103 pc FWHM), and H2 masses per unit length (~4.3 × 106 M☉ kpc−1) that agree to 26% or better. Guided by the CO, we have also identified the far arm in high-resolution 21 cm data and find, subject to the poorly known CO-to-H2 ratio in these objects, that both arms are predominately molecular by a factor of 3-4. The detection of these symmetric expanding arms provides strong support for the existence of a bar at the center of our Galaxy and should allow better determination of the bar’s physical properties.
Attentional Selection of Relative Sf Mediates Global versus Local Processing: Evidence from Eeg Eeg Recording and Analysis Global/local Preparation Theta Band

Previous research on functional hemispheric differences in visual processing has associated global perception with low spatial frequency (LSF) processing biases of the right hemisphere (RH) and local perception with high spatial frequency (HSF) processing biases of the left hemisphere (LH). The Double Filtering by Frequency (DFF) theory expanded this hypothesis by proposing that visual attention selects and is directed to relatively LSFs by the RH and relatively HSFs by the LH, suggesting a direct causal relationship between SF selection and global versus local perception. We tested this idea in the current experiment by comparing activity in the EEG recorded at posterior right and posterior left hemisphere sites while participants' attention was directed to global or local levels of processing after selection of relatively LSFs versus HSFs in a previous stimulus. Hemispheric asymmetry in the alpha band (8–12 Hz) during preparation for global versus local processing was modulated by the selected SF. In contrast, preparatory activity associated with selection of SF was not modulated by the previously attended level (global/local). These results support the DFF theory that top-down attentional selection of SF mediates global and local processing. Introduction Our environment is hierarchically organized in that scenes are composed of objects that exist at different levels of detail. Efficient visual perception requires the ability to represent such multiple levels so that attention can be directed to the level of the whole (" global processing ") or to the level of its components (" local processing "). This ability relies on neural mechanisms that allow for the concurrent segregation and integration of object features in order to represent objects that are embedded within one another rather than being located in distinct locations. These mechanisms have been the focus of ample research, but their characterization remains incomplete. For example , previous neuropsychological, cognitive, and imaging research has converged to establish functional hemispheric asymmetries in global versus local perception, with the right hemisphere (RH) biased toward global processing and the left hemisphere (LH) biased toward local processing However, global and local are inherently relative (i.e., they only exist in relation to the other level(s)) and the cognitive and neural processes that yield these asymmetric hemispheric biases continue to be debated. Several theories of global versus local perception have proposed selective processing of spatial frequency (SF) ranges to underlie the hemispheric asymmetry. These theories rely on evidence that the visual system filters incoming information into channels …
Combined Degree and Connectivity Conditions for H-Linked Graphs

For a given multigraph $H$, a graph $G$ is $H$-linked if $|G|\ge |H|$ and for every injective map $\tau: V(H)\to V(G)$, we can find internally disjoint paths in $G$, such that every edge from $uv$ in $H$ corresponds to a $\tau(u)-\tau(v)$ path. To guarantee that a $G$ is $H$-linked, you need a minimum degree larger than $\frac{|G|}{2}$. This situation changes, if you know that $G$ has a certain connectivity $k$. Depending on $k$, even a minimum degree independent of $|G|$ may suffice. Let $\delta(k,H,N)$ be the minimum number such that every $k$-connected graph $G$ with $|G|=N$ and $\delta(G)\ge \delta(k,H,N)$ is $H$-linked. We study bounds for this quantity. In particular, we find bounds for all multigraphs $H$ with at most three edges and some with four edges, which are optimal up to small additive or multiplicative constants. As a consequence, we also establish a few pure connectivity bounds for graph linkages.
DNA Binding Site Sequence Directs Glucocorticoid Receptor Structure and Activity

Genes are not simply turned on or off, but instead their expression is fine-tuned to meet the needs of a cell. How genes are modulated so precisely is not well understood. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) regulates target genes by associating with specific DNA binding sites, the sequences of which differ between genes. Traditionally, these binding sites have been viewed only as docking sites. Using structural, biochemical, and cell-based assays, we show that GR binding sequences, differing by as little as a single base pair, differentially affect GR conformation and regulatory activity. We therefore propose that DNA is a sequence-specific allosteric ligand of GR that tailors the activity of the receptor toward specific target genes.
Stakeholder views on the impact of nurse prescribing on dermatology services.

AIM To explore stakeholder views on the impact of nurse prescribing on dermatology services. BACKGROUND Nurse led care enhances the services that dermatology patients receive. Research indicates that care delivered by nurse prescribers can improve efficiency and access to medicines. There is no evidence exploring the impact of nurse prescribing on the configuration of dermatology services. DESIGN Case study. METHOD A collective case study of 10 practice settings across England where nurses prescribed medicines for dermatology patients. A thematic analysis of semi-structured interview data collected during 2006 and 2007. Participants were qualified nurse prescribers, administrative staff, doctors and non-nurse prescribers. FINDINGS Nurse prescribing was reported to support and facilitate the modernisation of dermatology services. It enabled nurses to make effective use of their knowledge and skills, overcome delays in treatment and provide faster access to medicines. However several organisational issues restricted the success of the initiative. CONCLUSION Nurse prescribing is successfully being used to support and deliver a range of services to dermatology patients. Stakeholders reported that both patients and staff had benefited by the adoption of this role by nurses. However issues over support and access to CPD and capacity of the workforce were identified as potential barriers which could affect the contribution of nurse prescribing to dermatology patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurse prescribing contributes to the services provided to dermatology patients; Nurse supplementary prescribing contributes to the ability of dermatology nurse specialists to work in teams and prescribe complex medicines; Provision of adequate support and strategic planning are essential if the impact of nurse prescribing is to be fully realised.
Use of Radarsat-2 and Landsat TM Images for Spatial Parameterization of Manning's Roughness Coefficient in Hydraulic Modeling

Vegetation resistance influences water flow in floodplains. Characterization of vegetation for hydraulic modeling includes the description of the spatial variability of vegetation type, height and density. In this research, we explored the use of dual polarized Radarsat-2 wide swath mode backscatter coefficients (σ°) and Landsat 5 TM to derive spatial hydraulic roughness. The spatial roughness parameterization included four steps: (i) land use classification from Landsat 5 TM; (ii) establishing a relationship between σ° statistics and vegetation parameters; (iii) relative surface roughness (Ks) determination from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter temporal variability; (iv) derivation of the spatial distribution of the spatial hydraulic roughness both from Manning’s roughness coefficient look up table (LUT) and relative surface roughness. Hydraulic simulations were performed using the FLO-2D hydrodynamic model to evaluate model performance under three different hydraulic modeling simulations results with different Manning’s coefficient parameterizations, which includes SWL1, SWL2 and SWL3. SWL1 is simulated water levels with optimum floodplain roughness (np) with channel roughness nc = 0.03 m−1/3/s; SWL2 is simulated water levels with calibrated values for both floodplain roughness np = 0.65 m−1/3/s and channel roughness nc = 0.021 m−1/3/s; and SWL3 is simulated water levels with calibrated channel roughness nc and spatial Manning’s coefficients as derived with aid of relative surface roughness. The model performance was evaluated using Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (E) and coefficient of determination (R2), based on water levels measured at a gauging station in the wetland. The overall performance of scenario SWL1 was characterized with E = 0.75 and R2 = 0.95, which was improved in SWL2 to E = 0.95 and R2 = 0.99. When spatially distributed Manning values derived from SAR relative surface values were parameterized in the model, the model also performed well and yielding E = 0.97 and R2 = 0.98. Improved model performance using spatial roughness shows that spatial roughness parameterization can support flood modeling and provide better flood wave simulation over the inundated riparian areas equally as calibrated models.
Towards the Development of a Defect Detection Tool for COSMIC Functional Size Measurement

Reliability of functional size measurement is very crucial since software management activities such as cost and budget estimations, process benchmarking and project control depend on software size measurements. In order to improve the reliability of functional size measurements, they should be controlled and reviewed at the end of the measurement process. However, manual inspection for detecting defects and errors of measurements is time and effort consuming and there is always a possibility of missing a defect. To overcome such problems we developed a tool, for detecting defects of COSMIC functional size measurements automatically. In this study we presented the process of developing the tool, R-COVER, and the results of the case studies conducted for analyzing the efficiency of the tool in terms of correctness and accuracy.
Neural Prediction Errors Reveal a Risk-Sensitive Reinforcement-Learning Process in the Human Brain

Humans and animals are exquisitely, though idiosyncratically, sensitive to risk or variance in the outcomes of their actions. Economic, psychological, and neural aspects of this are well studied when information about risk is provided explicitly. However, we must normally learn about outcomes from experience, through trial and error. Traditional models of such reinforcement learning focus on learning about the mean reward value of cues and ignore higher order moments such as variance. We used fMRI to test whether the neural correlates of human reinforcement learning are sensitive to experienced risk. Our analysis focused on anatomically delineated regions of a priori interest in the nucleus accumbens, where blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals have been suggested as correlating with quantities derived from reinforcement learning. We first provide unbiased evidence that the raw BOLD signal in these regions corresponds closely to a reward prediction error. We then derive from this signal the learned values of cues that predict rewards of equal mean but different variance and show that these values are indeed modulated by experienced risk. Moreover, a close neurometric–psychometric coupling exists between the fluctuations of the experience-based evaluations of risky options that we measured neurally and the fluctuations in behavioral risk aversion. This suggests that risk sensitivity is integral to human learning, illuminating economic models of choice, neuroscientific models of affective learning, and the workings of the underlying neural mechanisms.
Some New Methods and Results in Tree Enumeration

A wide variety of new results in combinatorial enumeration have been obtained recently. Many of these results were prompted by new problems in computer science, while others answered old questions in combinatorics and other fields. The purpose of this note is to survey a subset of these new results, namely those dealing with tree enumeration. A selection of tree enumeration results is presented, together with a discussion of the methods that led to their derivation. No complete proofs are given; instead, the concentration is on heuristics and on the extent to which these methods can be generalized. The selection of techniques and results is made from those the author has worked on, and several other survey papers on related results could also be written without exhausting the subject.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF A PROGRAM TO REDUCE TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNITY NOISE-A CONTINGENT VALUATION SURVEY

Environmental valuation techniques can be successfully used to estimate the social costs of noise annoyance experienced by households. A Contingent Valuation (CV) survey of 600 households affected by noise in two Norwegian communities found a mean willingness-to-pay (WTP) of about 120 euro/household/year for a public program that would reduce transportation and community noise. The program would eliminate indoor and reduce outdoor noise annoyance by 50 %, and eliminate noise annoyance in parts of the nearby recreational forest area. Results indicate that neither recorded noise levels (in dBA) from different sources nor level of annoyance stated by respondents had a significant effect on their WTP. However, whether respondents felt annoyed by road traffic noise or not in Oslo had a significant effect on the probability of supporting the program at a cost. Similar effects were not found for railway and aircraft noise.
Functional Activity of Human ZP3 Primary Sperm Receptor Resides Toward Its C-Terminus1

Abstract Zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (ZP3) has been ascribed as a putative primary sperm receptor during fertilization in humans. Herein, attempts have been made to delineate the functional domain of human ZP3. ZP3 has been cloned and expressed in a baculovirus expression system as N-terminal fragments (amino acid [aa] residues 1–175 [pAc-ZP3(1–175 aa)] and 23–175 [pBg-ZP3(23–175 aa)]) and as C-terminal fragments (aa residues 214–305 [pBg-ZP3(214–305 aa)] and 214–348 [pBg-ZP3(214–348 aa)]). ZP3 encompassing both N- and C-terminal fragments corresponding to aa residues 1–370 (pAc-ZP3[1–370 aa]) has also been expressed. Lectin-binding analysis with these recombinant proteins revealed the presence of N- and O-linked glycosylation. Significant induction of acrosomal exocytosis was observed when capacitated sperm were incubated with pBg-ZP3(214–348 aa), pBg-ZP3(214–305 aa), and pAc-ZP3(1–370 aa) (P < 0.05), whereas incubation with pAc-ZP3(1–175 aa) and pBg-ZP3(23–175 aa) failed to do so under similar experimental conditions. However, N- and C-terminal fragments labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate revealed binding to the anterior head of capacitated human spermatozoa. Escherichia coli-expressed ZP3 C-terminal fragments and chemically deglycosylated pBg-ZP3(214–348 aa) failed to induce a significant (P > 0.05) increase in acrosomal exocytosis, suggesting the relevance of glycosylation in imparting functional activity to ZP3 C-terminal fragments. pBg-ZP3(214–348 aa)-mediated induction of acrosomal exocytosis is regulated by Gi protein, extracellular calcium, GABA(A) [gamma aminobutyric acid (A)] receptor-mediated Cl− channel, and T-type voltage-operated calcium channels. Taken together, the results of these studies suggest that the functional activity of human ZP3 resides in its C-terminal domain.
Mannose-binding Lectin-deficient Mice Are Susceptible to Infection with Staphylococcus aureus

Gram-positive organisms like Staphylococcus aureus are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Humoral response molecules together with phagocytes play a role in host responses to S. aureus. The mannose-binding lectin (MBL, also known as mannose-binding protein) is an oligomeric serum molecule that recognizes carbohydrates decorating a broad range of infectious agents including S. aureus. Circumstantial evidence in vitro and in vivo suggests that MBL plays a key role in first line host defense. We tested this contention directly in vivo by generating mice that were devoid of all MBL activity. We found that 100% of MBL-null mice died 48 h after exposure to an intravenous inoculation of S. aureus compared with 45% mortality in wild-type mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that neutrophils and MBL are required to limit intraperitoneal infection with S. aureus. Our study provides direct evidence that MBL plays a key role in restricting the complications associated with S. aureus infection in mice and raises the idea that the MBL gene may act as a disease susceptibility gene against staphylococci infections in humans.
Histologic classification of liver‐cell carcinoma in infancy and childhood and its clinical evaluation. A study of 70 cases collected in Japan

Clinical data and morphological materials from 70 cases of liver‐cell carcinoma in infants and children in Japan were collected and studied. The cases were classified into 4 types according to the histopathologic appearance of the epithelial components: 1. adult type; 2. anaplastic type; 3. embryonal type; and 4. fetal type. The study confirmed the existence of a distinct correlation beween the histologic type of the tumor, its gross appearance, and the clinical course of the disease. Twenty‐seven of the 70 cases underwent radical surgery. Postoperative prognosis was studied in these cases according to histologic types of tumor. Of 9 long‐term survivors (i.e., surviving more than 2 years), 7 were found to belong to the fetal type. No difference was found in prognosis between the cases with and without osteoid tissue in tumor. The benign character of the fetal type, as compared with other types of hepatoblastoma, was demonstrated even in infants under 12 months of age.
Cellulose Synthase-Like D1 Is Integral to Normal Cell Division, Expansion, and Leaf Development in Maize1[W][OA]

The Cellulose Synthase-Like D (CslD) genes have important, although still poorly defined, roles in cell wall formation. Here, we show an unexpected involvement of CslD1 from maize (Zea mays) in cell division. Both division and expansion were altered in the narrow-organ and warty phenotypes of the csld1 mutants. Leaf width was reduced by 35%, due mainly to a 47% drop in the number of cell files across the blade. Width of other organs was also proportionally reduced. In leaf epidermis, the deficiency in lateral divisions was only partially compensated by a modest, uniform increase in cell width. Localized clusters of misdivided epidermal cells also led to the formation of warty lesions, with cell clusters bulging from the epidermal layer, and some cells expanding to volumes 75-fold greater than normal. The decreased cell divisions and localized epidermal expansions were not associated with detectable changes in the cell wall composition of csld1 leaf blades or epidermal peels, yet a greater abundance of thin, dense walls was indicated by high-resolution x-ray tomography of stems. Cell-level defects leading to wart formation were traced to sites of active cell division and expansion at the bases of leaf blades, where cytokinesis and cross-wall formation were disrupted. Flow cytometry confirmed a greater frequency of polyploid cells in basal zones of leaf blades, consistent with the disruption of cytokinesis and/or the cell cycle in csld1 mutants. Collectively, these data indicate a previously unrecognized role for CSLD activity in plant cell division, especially during early phases of cross-wall formation.
Bus-based MPSoC Security through Communication Protection: A Latency-efficient Alternative

Security in MPSoC is gaining an increasing attention since several years. Digital convergence is one of the numerous reasons explaining such a focus on embedded systems as much sensitive and secret data are now stored, manipulated and exchanged in these systems. Most solutions are currently built at the software level, we believe hardware enhancements also play a major role in system protection. One strategic point is the communication layer as all data goes through it. Monitoring and controlling communications enable to fend off attacks before system corruption. In this work, we propose an efficient solution with several hardware enhancements to secure data exchanges in a bus-based MPSoC. Our approach relies on low complexity distributed firewalls connected to all critical IPs of the system. Designers can deploy different security policies (access right, data format, authentication, confidentiality) in order to protect the system in a flexible way. To illustrate the benefit of such a solution, implementations are discussed for different MPSoCs implemented on Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGAs. Results demonstrate a reduction up to 33% in terms of latency overhead compared to existing efforts.