Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of tooth displacement and vibration on frictional force and stick-slip phenomenon in conventional brackets: a preliminary in vitro mechanical analysis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of tooth displacement and vibration on frictional force and stick-slip phenomenon (SSP) when conventional brackets were used with a levelling/alignment wire. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples consisted of six groups (n = 10 per group) with combinations of tooth displacement (2mm lingual displacement [LD], 2mm gingival displacement [GD], and no displacement [control]) and vibration conditions (absence and presence at 30 Hz and 0.25 N). A stereolithographically made typodont system was used with conventional brackets and elastomeric ligatures. After application of artificial saliva, static/kinetic frictional forces (SFF/KFF) and frequency/amplitude of SSP were measured while drawing a 0.018-inch copper nickel-titanium (Cu-NiTi) archwire at a speed of 0.5mm/min for 5 minutes at 36.5 degree celsius. Two-way analysis of variance and independent t-test were performed. RESULTS Tooth displacement increased SFF and KFF (control < LD < GD, all P < 0.001) and reduced SSP frequency (control > [LD, GD], P < 0.01). Vibration reduced SFF, KFF, and SSP amplitude in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P < 0.001, respectively), but not in the LD and GD groups. SSP frequency was increased by vibration in the control, LD, and GD groups (all P < 0.001), and it was lower in the LD and GD groups than in the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS When conventional brackets and a 0.018-inch Cu-NiTi archwire were used in the tooth displacement conditions (LD and GD), vibration did not significantly reduce SFF, KFF, or SSP amplitude.
Children Displaced by Hurricane Katrina: A Focus Group Study

Focus groups were conducted with 23 children and adolescents, aged 9 to 17 years, who relocated from Louisiana to Texas following Hurricane Katrina to explore their disaster, evacuation, and resettlement experiences. The resilience described by some was remarkable and, despite evidence of cultural disparity and stigma, many identified positive aspects of the new communities in which they resided. Attempts to help displaced children must begin with a full understanding of the individual experiences and reactions of those being served rather than being based on assumptions about what may have occurred.
Stem cell factor

Stem cell factor (SCF) is the ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor okit, which is expressed on both primitive and mature hematopoietic progenitor cells. In vitro, SCF synergizes with other growth factors, such as granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G–CSF), granulocyte macrophage–colony‐stimulating factor, and interleukin‐3 to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells of the lymphoid, myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic lineages. In vivo, SCF also synergizes with other growth factors and has been shown to enhance the mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells in combination with G–CSF. In phase I/II clinical studies administration of the combination of SCF and G‐CSF resulted in a two‐ to threefold increase in cells that express the CD34 antigen compared with G–CSF alone. Other potential clinical uses include ex vivo expansion protocols and in vitro culture for gene therapy. J. Leukoc. Biol. 58: 14–22; 1995.
Evaluating service quality in universities: a service department perspective

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to report on an in‐depth exploration of service quality in an Information Technology service department in a Higher Education Institute (HEI) and to evaluate the instrument used.Design/methodology/approach – The study surveys customers using the SERVQUAL instrument, which is one of the most widely used and applied scales for the measurement of perceived service quality.Findings – A focused and rigorous examination of customers' views of the importance of the service elements is provided. The study confirmed previous research that the application of SERVQUAL in the public sector can produce different service quality dimensions from those found in private sector services. It was also found that the service quality gaps, and the relative importance of the five dimensions of service quality, were the same for students and staff, albeit with some specific differences. Reliability was the most important dimension for all customers and the greatest improvement in service qua.
Propeller Cavitation in Non-Uniform Flow and Correlation with the Near Pressure Field

An experimental study is carried out in a cavitation tunnel on a propeller operating downstream of a non-uniform wake. The goal of this work is to establish quantitative correlations between the near pressure field and the cavitation pattern that takes place on the propeller blades. The pressure field is measured at the walls of the test section and in the near wake of the propeller and is combined with quantitative high-speed image recording of the cavitation pattern. Through harmonic analysis of the pressure data and image processing techniques that allow retrieving the cavitation extension and volume, we discuss the potential sources that generate the pressure fluctuations. Time correlations are unambiguously established between pressure peak fluctuations and cavitation collapse events, based on the Rayleigh collapse time. Finally, we design a model to predict the cavitation-induced pressure fluctuations from the derivation of the cavitation volume acceleration. A remarkable agreement is observed with the actual pressure field.
A Conserved Serine Residue Is Required for the Phosphatidate Phosphatase Activity but Not the Transcriptional Coactivator Functions of Lipin-1 and Lipin-2*

Mammalian lipins (lipin-1, lipin-2, and lipin-3) are Mg2+-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) enzymes, which catalyze a key reaction in glycerolipid biosynthesis. Lipin-1 also functions as a transcriptional coactivator in conjunction with members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor family. An S734L mutation in LPIN2 causes Majeed syndrome, a human inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent osteomyelitis, fever, dyserythropoietic anemia, and cutaneous inflammation. Here we demonstrate that mutation of the equivalent serine in mouse lipin-1 and lipin-2 to leucine or aspartate abolishes PAP activity but does not impair lipin association with microsomal membranes, the major site of glycerolipid synthesis. We also determined that lipin-2 has transcriptional coactivator activity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-response elements similar to lipin-1 and that this activity is not affected by mutating the conserved serine. Therefore, our results indicate that the symptoms of the Majeed syndrome result from a loss of lipin-2 PAP activity. To characterize sites of lipin-2 action, we detected lipin-2 expression by in situ hybridization on whole mouse sections and by quantitative PCR of tissues relevant to Majeed syndrome. Lipin-2 was most prominently expressed in liver, where levels were much higher than lipin-1, and also in kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and specific regions of the brain. Lipin-2 was also expressed in circulating red blood cells and sites of lymphopoiesis (bone marrow, thymus, and spleen). These results raise the possibility that the loss of lipin-2 PAP activity in erythrocytes and lymphocytes may contribute to the anemia and inflammation phenotypes observed in Majeed syndrome patients.
Struggles over legitimacy in the Eurozone crisis: Discursive legitimation strategies and their ideological underpinnings

This article focuses on the discursive underpinnings of the legitimacy crisis that the Eurozone as a transnational institution is facing. By adopting a critical discourse analysis (CDA) perspective, the empirical analysis focuses on the media discussion in Finland. The analysis shows how discourses of financial capitalism, humanism, nationalism and Europeanism played a central role in legitimation, delegitimation and relegitimation. Furthermore, the analysis elaborates on the legitimation strategies that were often used in the media texts: position-based authorizations involving institutionalized authorities and ‘voices of the common man’, knowledge-based authorizations focusing on economic expertise, rationalizations concentrating on economic arguments, moral evaluations based on unfairness used especially for delegitimation, mythopoiesis involving alternative future scenarios and cosmology used to construct inevitability. By so doing, this study adds to our understanding of the discursive and ideological underpinnings of the social, political and financial crisis in Greece and other European countries and contributes to research on discursive legitimation more generally.
Incorporating Compositional Evidence in Memory-Based Partial Parsing

In this paper, a memory-based parsing method is extended for handling compositional structures. The method is oriented for learning to parse any selected subset of target syntactic structures. It is local, yet can handle also compositional structures. Parts of speech as well as embedded instances are being used simultaneously. The output is a partial parse in which instances of the target structures are marked.
Disposition and covalent binding of diflunisal and diflunisal acyl glucuronide in the isolated perfused rat liver.

Acyl glucuronides are intrinsically reactive metabolites of carboxylate drugs, capable of undergoing hydrolysis, intramolecular rearrangement (isomerization via acyl migration), and intermolecular transacylation reactions. Transacylation with nucleophilic groups located on protein molecules leads to covalent drug-protein adducts. Protein adducts can also form from the rearrangement isomers via a glycation mechanism. In this study, the isolated perfused rat liver preparation was used to separately trace the dispositions of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diflunisal (DF), its reactive acyl glucuronide metabolite (DAG), and a mixture of DAG rearrangement isomers (iso-DAG), each administered at 30-microg DF equivalents/ml perfusate (four recirculating perfusions each group). After administration of DF, the drug was eliminated in a log linear manner over 3 hr, with apparent elimination half-life (t1/2) of 2.6 +/- 0.4 hr. The sulfate conjugate (DS), excreted almost exclusively into perfusate, accounted for 14.2% of the dose, with the phenolic glucuronide (DPG) and DAG (11.1 and 7.9% of dose, respectively) excreted primarily in bile. Only a small portion (2.3%) of the dose was recovered as novel "diglucuronides" (D-2G, arising from phenolic glucuronidation of iso-DAG), excreted exclusively in bile. Covalent DF-protein adducts were found in both perfusate (0.98%) and liver (0. 14%). After administration of DAG, rapid hydrolysis occurred (initial DAG t1/2 17.3 +/- 4.2 min). At 3 hr, recoveries (in comparison to DF-dosed perfusions) were similar for DF (51.7%) and DAG (8.3%), significantly decreased for DS (10.6%) and DPG (6.4%), and significantly increased for iso-DAG (0.8%), D-2G (9.1%), and covalent adducts in perfusate (1.49%) and liver (0.30%). After administration of iso-DAG, elimination from perfusate was slower (t1/2 55 +/- 15 min), and hydrolysis to DF was modest by comparison with DAG-dosed perfusions. Recoveries as iso-DAG and D-2G in bile were greatly enhanced (8.2 and 36.4%, respectively). Adduct formation was higher in liver (0.76% of dose) but not in perfusate (1.03%). Immunoblots of liver homogenates revealed drug-modified proteins at ca. 110 and 120 kDa. The results show that (a) DAG undergoes avid systemic deconjugation-conjugation cycling and isomerization to iso-DAG; (b) iso-DAG is more resistant to hydrolysis, is readily taken up by hepatocytes and undergoes novel metabolism (phenolic glucuronidation); and (c) the glycation pathway (i.e. using iso-DAG as substrate) plays a major role in formation of covalent DF-protein adducts in liver.
Fair Treatment or Preferred Outcome? The Impact of Police Behavior on Victim Reports of Domestic Violence Incidents

This research is an exploratory test of two hypotheses emerging from debates about how police behavior may influence domestic violence victim reporting. From a procedural justice perspective, victims should be more apt to report victimization when previous encounters with police are viewed as procedurally fair. From a distributive justice perspective, denying victims their preferred outcome may discourage future police utilization. We find that satisfaction with police is related to both distributive and procedural justice but that re-utilization of police is conditioned by preferred outcome. Specifically, if the offender was arrested in accordance with victim preference, the victim is significantly more apt to utilize police in the future.
Miscue Analysis in an Esl Context

There are very few available studies on the qualitative des cription of the oral reading behaviour of second language learners of English particularly in Southeast Asia. In this study the investigator attempted to apply Goodman's miscue analysis in describing the oral reading performance in English of selected Filipino fourth grade pupils. The findings reveal that although the Subjects (Ss) have limited background in English, they seem to process the printed page in the same way as the native speakers of English do.
Age of the mother as a risk factor and timing of hypospadias repair according to severity.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Hypospadias is characterized by a displacement of the urethral opening in males that can change from the typical position within the glans penis to a subcoronal position (Type I), to anywhere along the ventral shaft (Type II), to penoscrotal, scrotal, or perineal positions (Type III). We and others have previously reported that age of the mother (≥ 40 years old) is a risk factor for having a child with hypospadias, but there is a scarcity of reports on whether such risk is higher for having a child with the mild (Type I) or the more severe forms (Types II and III). In addition, we aimed to assess the timing of hypospadias repair according to severity. METHODS Parents of children with hypospadias were interviewed by using a series of questionnaires (n = 128 cases). Severity was confirmed in the clinic and age of the mother was self-reported. Number of surgeries, age of child by the first and the last intervention was also assessed. Ordered logistic regression and the Brant test were employed to calculate risk between mild (Type I) and severe cases (Types II and III), and the assumption of proportional odds, respectively. The Mann-Whitney U Test was used to compare number of surgeries and age by the last repair between mild and severe cases. One-way ANOVA was employed to compare age of the child at the time of first surgery across severities (Types I - III). RESULTS Women ≥ 40 years of age are 3.89 times [95% CI: 1.20-12.64] at a higher risk for having a child with the more severe forms of the condition than younger women. Repair of Type I was accomplished with 1 intervention whereas more severe cases required 1 - 4 (2 ± 0.5) surgical interventions. The timing for hypospadias repair of Type I cases occurred at an average age of 16.2 ± 4.88 months, of Type II cases occurred at an average age of 20.3 ± 8.15 months whereas the average age of the first hypospadias repair among Type III cases was 12.68 ± 2.52 months. Number of surgeries according to severity (p ≤ 0.0018, z-ratio = 2.91) and age difference for the timing of last repair (p ≤ 0.045, z-ratio = 1.69) were statistically different, but not the age difference for the first repair. CONCLUSIONS Increased maternal age is associated with the most severe forms of hypospadias. There is room for improvement for the timing of hypospadias repair according to severity.
Personality, Culture Fit, and Job Outcomes on Australian Antarctic Stations

This study compares the personality characteristics of Australian Antarctic expeditioners with a normative population using the Revised Neo Personality Inventory. It examines the relationship between personality and perceived fit with Antarctic station culture. The study also investigates the relationship between personality, individual attitudes, and job outcomes, including job satisfaction and intention to return to the Antarctic. Participants were 117 men and women who participated in Australian Antarctic expeditions between 1950 and 2000. Results show that expeditioners scored lower on neuroticism and higher on openness compared to the normative population. A relationship between personality and perceived fit with Antarctic station culture is found. Results also show a link between personality and job outcomes, including role conflict, job satisfaction, and actual return to the Antarctic.
Perturbation of Iron Homeostasis Promotes the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Evolution of antibiotic resistance in microbes is frequently achieved by acquisition of spontaneous mutations during antimicrobial therapy. Here, we demonstrate that inactivation of a central transcriptional regulator of iron homeostasis (Fur) facilitates laboratory evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli. To decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms, we first performed a global transcriptome analysis and demonstrated that the set of genes regulated by Fur changes substantially in response to antibiotic treatment. We hypothesized that the impact of Fur on evolvability under antibiotic pressure is due to the elevated intracellular concentration of free iron and the consequent enhancement of oxidative damage-induced mutagenesis. In agreement with expectations, overexpression of iron storage proteins, inhibition of iron transport, or anaerobic conditions drastically suppressed the evolution of resistance, whereas inhibition of the SOS response-mediated mutagenesis had only a minor effect. Finally, we provide evidence that a cell permeable iron chelator inhibits the evolution of resistance. In sum, our work revealed the central role of iron metabolism in the de novo evolution of antibiotic resistance, a pattern that could influence the development of novel antimicrobial strategies.
Investigations on fading scaling with bandwidth and directivity at 60 GHz

In the present paper we analyse small-scale fading of reflections at 60 GHz using different antennas and bandwidths. The aim is to investigate the deterministic property of the channel in view of modelling and deployment of systems with larger bandwidths and higher directivity. We have investigated the scattering effect of a reflection on a wall emulating a beam-former in a NLOS condition. The results show that the distribution of the amplitudes fit better with a Rician than a Rayleigh distribution. Furthermore, we show that an increasing bandwidth and directivity increases the k-factor, supporting the idea of deterministic paths apart from the LOS.
20 TB Control in Prisons

According to WHO, in 2010, there were 8.8 million (range, 8.5-9.2 million) incident cases of TB and 1.1 million (range, 8.5-9.2 million) deaths from TB among HIV-negative cases and an additional 0.35 million (range, 0.32-0.39) deaths from HIV-associated TB (WHO 2011). An examination of the map of estimated incidence rates by country and the breakdown of national figures in social strata rapidly reveals that global statistics conceal profound inequalities in the present intraand inter-country distribution of the disease. Ninety-five percent of the global TB disease and TB death burden is found in poor countries. In highly industrialized countries, TB is currently limited to socially marginalized and other poor high-risk groups such as IV drug users, migrants from developing countries, and, over the past 30 years, HIV-infected persons.
The Prevalence of Symptoms and Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adult Female Patients with Mild / Moderate Major Depressive Disorder Who Were Referred to the Psychiatric Outpatient Department of a Training Hospital: A Preliminary Study

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are frequently comorbid among adults. Also, people diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood frequently apply to psychiatry departments with complaints of anxiety and depression, especially irritability. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD symptoms and diagnosis among adult female patients, who were referred to the outpatient psychiatry clinic and diagnosed with MDD as well as to evaluate the relationship between symptoms of ADHD and MDD. Method: Sixty-one female patients with MDD, who were evaluated for the first time in a training and research hospital between June 2008 and July 2009 were enrolled in the study. MDD severity was mild-moderate according to Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S) and none of the patients had Axis I comorbidity. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) and Adult ADHD Rating Scales (A-ADHRS) were applied to the participants. Non-parametric methods were used for analyses and p value was set at 0.05. Results: In the study, 31.1% of patients were found to have WURS scores 36 and above. Four patients (6.5% of the whole sample and 11.1% of those scoring at least 36 with WURS) had adult type ADHD, when they were evaluated with A-ADHRS and interviewed according to DSM-IV criteria. There were no significant differences between patients with WURS ? 36 and others in terms of their educational levels, HAM-D scores, number of depressive episodes, and duration for the remission of index episode. Similarly, there were no significant differences between patients with WURS ? 36 and patients diagnosed with adult ADHD according to A-ADHRS and DSM-IV criteria in terms of their age, educational levels, HAM-D scores, number of depressive episodes, and duration for the remission of index episode. Conclusion: The prevalence of adult ADHD was higher than those reported for general community in our country. The lack of relationship between the evaluated variables of MDD and symptoms as well as diagnosis of ADHD in our sample may be due to our inclusion of female outpatients with mild/moderate MDD. Further studies evaluating those relationships may yield different data related to comorbidity of ADHD-MDD.
Language shift and the family : Questions from the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora

Fishman's Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS) emphasizes the family in maintaining the heritage languages of immigrant communities. This study uses interview data from Sri Lankan Tamil communities in the U.S.A. , U.K., and Canada to explain how families account for the rapid loss of Tamil in the diaspora. It shows how the positive valuation of English since British colonization, the need to make up for past deprivations because of caste, religious, and gender inequality, the pressure for migrants to join the social mainstream, and the need to resolve intergenerational tensions influence the family to forego language maintenance goals. The findings encourage us to situate the family in macro-social institutions, power, and history in order to understand the prospects for language maintenance. The article provides an inside view of the Sri Lankan Tamil migrant families to explain how they resolve the tensions of valuing cultural identity and yet disregarding heritage language proficiency.