Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress and burnout in policing: does military experience matter?

Purpose – Expanding on earlier research, this paper aims to develop a more complete understanding of military experience as it relates to stress and burnout in law enforcement. The current study examines whether influences on stress and burnout vary between officers with military experience and officers without a military background.Design/methodology/approach – Data for this study were obtained from earlier research on police staff at a Northeastern metropolitan city. A combination of analytic methods, including t‐tests and multivariate regression analysis, were used to explore the effects of variables on stress and burnout among military and non‐military officers.Findings – The results indicate that negative exposures to demanding events influenced burnout for all officers. In contrast, negative exposures affected stress levels for those officers with no military experience. Coping techniques were important predictors of stress and burnout for both groups; however, contrary to expectations, police exper.
Denial and Minimization Among Sexual Offenders

The relationship between sexual recidivism and posttreatment denial and minimization was examined among 436 sex offenders followed up for an average period of more than 5 years. Treatment completion status and psychopathic traits, both established predictors of sexual recidivism also associated with denial and minimization, were included in survival analyses to remove their confounding influence on the focal relationships. The potential role of actuarial risk as a moderating variable was also investigated. A dichotomous variable reflecting denial and minimization failed to predict sexual recidivism. However, among a subset of 102 sex offenders who received no additional treatment after completing an initial program, the interaction between actuarial risk and scores on a continuous measure of minimization predicted sexual recidivism. Implications for assessment, particularly the need to move beyond dichotomous operationalizations of denial and minimization, and treatment were discussed.
Classifier Assessment and Feature Selection for Recognizing Short Coding Sequences of Human Genes

With the ever-increasing pace of genome sequencing, there is a great need for fast and accurate computational tools to automatically identify genes in these genomes. Although great progress has been made in the development of gene-finding algorithms during the past decades, there is still room for further improvement. In particular, the issue of recognizing short exons in eukaryotes is still not solved satisfactorily. This article is devoted to assessing various linear and kernel-based classification algorithms and selecting the best combination of Z-curve features for further improvement of the issue. Eight state-of-the-art linear and kernel-based supervised pattern recognition techniques were used to identify the short (21-192 bp) coding sequences of human genes. By measuring the prediction accuracy, the tradeoff between sensitivity and specificity and the time consumption, partial least squares (PLS) and kernel partial least squares (KPLS) algorithms were verified to be the most optimal linear and kernel-based classifiers, respectively. A surprising result was that, by making good use of the interpretability of the PLS and the Z-curve methods, 93 Z-curve features were proved to be the best selective combination. Using them, the average recognition accuracy was improved as high as 7.7% by means of KPLS when compared with what was obtained by the Fisher discriminant analysis using 189 Z-curve variables (Gao and Zhang, 2004 ). The used codes are freely available from the following approaches (implemented in MATLAB and supported on Linux and MS Windows): (1) SVM: http://www.support-vector-machines.org/SVM_soft. html. (2) GP: http://www.gaussianprocess. org. (3) KPLS and KFDA: Taylor, J.S. , and Cristianini, N. 2004. Kernel Methods for Pattern Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. (4) PLS: Wise, B.M. , and Gallagher, N.B. 2011. PLS-Toolbox for use with MATLAB: ver 1.5. 2. Eigenvector Technologies, Manson, WA. Supplementary Material for this article is available at www.liebertonline. com/cmb.
Teaching and Learning Language and Culture

Part 1 Developing a theory of language-and-culture learning: Culture in language learning Theories for the classroom Conclusion. Part 2 Methodology and methods: Comparison A body of knowledge Fieldwork Summary. Part 3 Teachers of language-and-culture: The need for theory Developing a model of teacher education Summary. Part 4 Principles in practice - illustrative cases: "Cultural awareness" and the National Curriculum for England and Wales "Fachdidaktische Kriterien zur Integration von Landeskunde und Kommunikation" Understanding politics and political institutions in Britain Ma ville et celle des autres "Cultural Studies/Civilisation" for advanced language learners Preparing university students for residence abroad In-service teacher education - British Studies in English Language Teaching Ab initio learners of German at university - teaching cultural competence British Cultural Studies in Turkey. Part 5 Assessing cultural learning: What to assess How to assess Experiments in assessment Levels of competence Summary. Part 6 The Wider Context: Language and culture teaching as political education Cultural learning and multicultural education Language learning and social class Conclusion.
Specificity of Action Representations in the Lateral Occipitotemporal Cortex

The ability to recognize actions is important for cognitive development and social cognition. Areas in the lateral occipitotemporal cortex show increased activity when subjects view action sequences; however, whether this activity distinguishes between specific actions as necessary for action recognition is unclear. We used a functional magnetic resonance imaging adaptation paradigm to test for brain regions that exhibit action-specific activity. Subjects watched a series of action sequences in which the action performed or the person performing the action could be repeated from a previous scan. Three regionsthe superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), human motion-sensitive cortex (MT/MST), and extrastriate body area (EBA)showed decreased activity for previously seen actions, even when the actions were novel exemplars because the persons involved had not been seen previously. These action-specific adaptation effects provide compelling evidence that representations in the pSTS, MT/MST, and EBA abstract actions from the agents involved and distinguish between different particular actions.
Role of health care professionals in multidisciplinary pain treatment facilities in Canada.

PURPOSE To examine the role of health care professionals in multidisciplinary pain treatment facilities (MPTF) for the treatment of chronic pain across Canada. METHODS MPTF were defined as clinics that advertised specialized multidisciplinary services for the diagnosis and management of chronic pain, and had staff from a minimum of three different health care disciplines (including at least one medical specialty) available and integrated within the facility. Administrative leaders at eligible MPTF were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire on their infrastructure as well as clinical, research, teaching and administrative activities. RESULTS A total of 102 MPTF returned the questionnaires. General practitioners, anesthesiologists and physiatrists were the most common types of physicians integrated in the MPTF (56%, 51% and 32%, respectively). Physiotherapists, psychologists and nurses were the most common nonphysician professionals working within these MPTF (75%, 68% and 57%, respectively), but 33% to 56% of them were part-time staff. Only 77% of the MPTF held regular interdisciplinary meetings to discuss patient management, and 32% were staffed with either a psychologist or psychiatrist. The three most frequent services provided by physiotherapists were patient assessment, individual physiotherapy or exercise, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The three most common services provided by psychologists were individual counselling, cognitive behavioural therapy and psychodynamic therapy. The major roles of nurses were patient assessment, assisting in interventional procedures and patient education. CONCLUSION Different health care professionals play a variety of important roles in MPTF in Canada. However, few of them are involved on a full-time basis and the extent to which pain is assessed and treated in a truly multidisciplinary manner is questionable.
Second Order Stochastic Optimization in Linear Time

Stochastic optimization and, in particular, first-order stochastic methods are a cornerstone of modern machine learning due to their extremely efficient per-iteration computational cost. Second-order methods, while able to provide faster per-iteration convergence, have been much less explored due to the high cost of computing the second-order information. In this paper we develop a second-order stochastic method for optimization problems arising in machine learning based on novel matrix randomization techniques that match the per-iteration cost of gradient descent, yet enjoy the linear-convergence properties of second-order optimization. We also consider the special case of self-concordant functions where we show that a first order method can achieve linear convergence with guarantees independent of the condition number. We demonstrate significant speedups for training linear classifiers over several convex benchmarks.
Tunisian tomato by-products, as a potential source of natural bioactive compounds

Abstract Consumption of tomato and tomato products is positively related to the reduction in cardiovascular disease and several types of cancer, thanks to the presence of natural compounds, such as antioxidants. Peels and seeds fractions of tomato, collected after industrial processing in Tunisian industries, were analysed for nutritional and antioxidants composition in perspective of its utilisation. Proximate composition, fatty acids profile, carotenoids, such as lycopene and beta-carotene, polyphenols contents, demonstrated the good potential of these residual products as a source of natural compounds, useful for food and nutraceuticals applications.
Effect of organ donation after circulatory determination of death on number of organ transplants from donors with neurologic determination of death

BACKGROUND: To increase the available pool of organ donors, Ontario introduced donation after circulatory determination of death (DCD) in 2006. Other jurisdictions have reported a decrease in donations involving neurologic determination of death (NDD) after implementation of DCD, with a drop in organ yield and quality. In this study, we examined the effect of DCD on overall transplant activity in Ontario. METHODS: We examined deceased donor and organ transplant activity during 3 distinct 4-year eras: pre-DCD (2002/03 to 2005/06), early DCD (2006/07 to 2009/10) and recent DCD (2010/11 to 2013/14). We compared these donor groups by categorical characteristics. RESULTS: Donation increased by 57%, from 578 donors in the pre-DCD era to 905 donors in the recent DCD era, with a 21% proportion (190/905) of DCD donors in the recent DCD era. However, overall NDD donation also increased. The mean length of hospital stay before declaration for NDD was 2.7 days versus 6.0 days before withdrawal of life support and subsequent asystole in cases of DCD. The average organ yield was 3.73 with NDD donation versus 2.58 with DCD (p < 0.001). Apart from hearts, all organs from DCD donors were successfully transplanted. From the pre-DCD era to the recent DCD era, transplant activity in each era increased for all solid-organ recipients, including heart (from 158 to 216), kidney (from 821 to 1321), liver (from 477 to 657) and lung (from 160 to 305). INTERPRETATION: Implementation of DCD in Ontario led to increased transplant activity for all solid-organ recipients. There was no evidence that the use of DCD was pre-empting potential NDD donation. In contrast to groups receiving other organs, heart transplant candidates have not yet benefited from DCD.
Does Teaching Argumentation Facilitate Critical Thinking

This research examined whether training in argumentation facilitated critical thinking by enhancing the ability to discern strong and weak arguments and whether such training increased the need for cognition, argumentativeness, perceived arguing effectiveness and decreased verbal aggressiveness. Participants included 299 experimental group members who were receiving instruction in argumentation and 58 comparison group members receiving instruction in introductory interpersonal communication. Respondents completed questionnaires in the first and last weeks of the term assessing their argument perception, perceived arguing effectiveness, argumentativeness, need for cognition and verbal aggressiveness. Results revealed that argument instruction enhanced the ability to discern weak example and causal arguments, increased perceived arguing effectiveness and decreased verbal aggressiveness. These results are discussed in terms of critical thinking and outcomes assessment for argumentation instruction.
Moving Towards Estimating Sons' Lifetime Intergenerational Economic Mobility in the UK

Estimates of intergenerational economic mobility that use point in time measures of income and earnings suffer from lifecycle and attenuation bias. They also suffer from sample selection issues and further bias driven by spells out of work. We consider these issues together for UK data, the National Child Development Study and British Cohort Study, for the first time. When all three biases are considered, our best estimate of lifetime intergenerational economic persistence in the UK is 0.43 for children born in 1970. Whilst we argue that this is the best available estimate to date, we discuss why there is good reason to believe that this is still a lower bound, owing to residual attenuation bias.
Evaluative Affect Display Toward Male and Female Leaders of Task-Oriented Groups

A laboratory study and a field study (N = 168) investigated evaluative affect display (EAD), that is nonverbal evaluative reactions, toward leaders in small, face-to-face groups. Butler and Geis had found that female leaders received more negative affect than did male leaders, whereas both groups were judged equally competent on rating scales. Study 1 replicated their findings with a more economic coding method and improved methodological control. Study 2 examined EAD in routine meetings of real teams in different organizational field settings. Results suggest that EAD is a reliably observable phenomenon in field and laboratory settings. Generally, more negative affect was displayed toward female leaders across contexts. By contrast, there was no preference for men over women in competence ratings on scales.
Neddylation dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease

Ubiquitin‐dependent proteolysis is a major mechanism that downregulates misfolded proteins or those that have finished a programmed task. In the last two decades, neddylation has emerged as a major regulatory pathway for ubiquitination. Central to the neddylation pathway is the amyloid precursor protein (APP)‐binding protein APP‐BP1, which together with Uba3, plays an analogous role to the ubiquitin‐activating enzyme E1 in nedd8 activation. Activated nedd8 covalently modifies and activates a major class of ubiquitin ligases called Cullin‐RING ligases (CRLs). New evidence suggests that neddylation also modifies Type‐1 transmembrane receptors such as APP. Here we review the functions of neddylation and summarize evidence suggesting that dysfunction of neddylation is involved in Alzheimer's disease.
The Influence of Cognitive Diversity on Group Problem Solving Strategy.

Collaborative group problem solving allows students to wrestle with different interpretations and solutions brought forth by group members, enhancing both critical thinking and problem solving skills. Since problem solving in groups is a common practice in agricultural education, instructors are often put in the position of organizing student groups and facilitating group learning. Research has shown that the factors according to which teachers arrange groups hold great influence over the success experienced by a group. The purpose of this study was to examine how arranging groups by problem solving style influenced group problem solving processes. Groups made up of members with heterogeneous or homogenous problem solving styles were given a problem to solve as a class project. Focus groups were conducted with each group at the conclusion of the project to gain an understanding of how each group progressed through the problem solving process. Differences were found in how homogenous versus heterogeneous groups progressed through the problem solving process. With a greater understanding of how problem solving style influences group dynamics, agricultural educators can be more proactive when assigning student work groups, thereby enhancing students’ abilities to work interdependently when creating successful solutions.
Optimistic bias for negative and positive events

Presents results of an investigation into the occurrence of optimistic bias in relation to both positive and negative events, using absolute judgements to assess perceived risk for each of six events. Participants were asked why they offered different ratings for themselves and for others. The results showed that optimistic bias is a pervasive phenomenon that occurs for both positive and negative events. It occurred for all six events when comparisons were made with an unspecified person of the same age and sex, and occurred for three of six events when comparisons were made with the same‐sex best friend. Participants could provide information about their own behaviour that they felt justified their positive outlook; however, they implicitly assumed that the comparison target did not engage in the same behaviour. Concludes that risk‐reduction education needs to be made personally relevant to the target audience.
Professional Development Schools Revisited

The Professional Development School (PDS) concept was developed by the Holmes Group (now known as the Holmes Partnership) in response to a national call for educational reform. More recent reform agendas question the effectiveness of the PDS model. This article examines the changes that are occurring in the Temple University PDS in Philadelphia, where the state had taken over public schools. Temple University is serving as the manager of six schools. The resulting effect on both the professional development of teachers and student learning is uncertain. However, the challenges and opportunities to enhance the current PDS structure are promising.
Comparative study between manual injection intraosseous anesthesia and conventional oral anesthesia

Objective: To compare intraosseous anesthesia (IA) with the conventional oral anesthesia techniques. Materials and methods: A simple-blind, prospective clinical study was carried out. Each patient underwent two anesthetic techniques: conventional (local infiltration and locoregional anesthetic block) and intraosseous, for res-pective dental operations. In order to allow comparison of IA versus conventional anesthesia, the two operations were similar and affected the same two teeth in opposite quadrants. Results: A total of 200 oral anesthetic procedures were carried out in 100 patients. The mean patient age was 28.6±9.92 years. Fifty-five vestibular infiltrations and 45 mandibular blocks were performed. All patients were also subjected to IA. The type of intervention (conservative or endodontic) exerted no significant influence (p=0.58 and p=0.62, respectively). The latency period was 8.52±2.44 minutes for the conventional techniques and 0.89±0.73 minutes for IA – the difference being statistically significant (p<0.05). Regarding patient anesthesia sensation, the infiltrative techniques lasted a maximum of one hour, the inferior alveolar nerve blocks lasted between 1-3 hours, and IA lasted only 2.5 minutes – the differences being statistically significant (p≤0.0000, Φ=0.29). Anesthetic success was recorded in 89% of the conventional procedures and in 78% of the IA. Most patients preferred IA (61%) (p=0.0032). Conclusions: The two anesthetic procedures have been compared for latency, duration of anesthetic effect, anesthetic success rate and patient preference. Intraosseous anesthesia has been shown to be a technique to be taken into account when planning conservative and endodontic treatments. Key words: Anesthesia, intraosseous, oral anesthesia, Stabident®, infiltrative, mandibular block.
On the Entropy of Models for the Web Graph

It is a well-known fact that the adjacency relation of the web graph is highly compressible, which is exploited in coding schemes f or storing the graph in practice. We analytically investigate how three exemplary stochastic graph models explain this important phenomenon by giving precise estima tes of the average entropy per vertex for them. We consider a preferential attach ment model, a copying model, and a hierarchical model. While for all three models t he average entropy per vertex is asymptotically logarithmic in the number of verti ces, the constant factor in these estimates allows to get a more detailed picture. The pref rential attachment model turns out to have a factor of 1, thus allowing essential ly no compression. The copying model and the hierarchical model have constant fact ors proportional to the fraction of copied successors per vertex and to the fraction of li ks with endpoints chosen randomly from the whole graph, resp. Thus, the latter models allow to explain the observed compressibility of web graphs to some ext nt, depending on the choice of parameters. For the hierarchical model without gl obal links, we even get constant average entropy.
Challenging anthropocentric analysis of visual data: a relational materialist methodological approach to educational research

The purpose of this paper is to challenge the habitual anthropocentric gaze we use when analysing educational data, which takes human beings as the starting point and centre, and gives humans a self‐evident higher position above other matter in reality. By enacting analysis of photographic images from a preschool playground, using a relational materialist methodological approach, we put to work concepts that open up possibilities to understand the child as emergent in a relational field, where non‐human forces are equally at play in constituting children's becomings. In the second part of the paper, we discuss how the decentring of the child may also be applied to researchers as producers of knowledge. Such a decentring, where the data itself is considered to have a constitutive force and be working upon the researcher as much as the researcher works upon the data, has both methodological and ethical consequences for research.