Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An empirical parameterization of subsurface entrainment temperature for improved SST anomaly simulations in an intermediate ocean model

Abstract An empirical model for the temperature of subsurface water entrained into the ocean mixed layer (Te) is presented and evaluated to improve sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) simulations in an intermediate ocean model (IOM) of the tropical Pacific. An inverse modeling approach is adopted to estimate Te from an SSTA equation using observed SST and simulated upper-ocean currents. A relationship between Te and sea surface height (SSH) anomalies is then obtained by utilizing a singular value decomposition (SVD) of their covariance. This empirical scheme is able to better parameterize Te anomalies than other local schemes and quite realistically depicts interannual variability of Te, including a nonlocal phase lag relation of Te variations relative to SSH anomalies over the central equatorial Pacific. An improved Te parameterization naturally leads to better depiction of the subsurface effect on SST variability by the mean upwelling of subsurface temperature anomalies. As a result, SSTA simulations.
The Stop and Go Phonemic Awareness Game: Providing Modeling, Practice, and Feedback

The authors demonstrate the use of curriculum-based measurement, specifically Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS), to identify and evaluate the progress of 6 kindergarten students who are experiencing difficulty with phonemic awareness. The Stop and Go Game, a blending and segmenting intervention, is individually implemented by a paraprofessional for an average of approximately 26 mins per day per student. A multiple-baseline design is used to evaluate the effects of the intervention on phoneme segmentation fluency over the course of the study. With minimal training, the paraprofessional provides individual phonemic awareness instruction using the specified intervention with integrity. All students made gains in phoneme segmentation fluency, with most reaching and exceeding benchmark. The author discusses implications of the study for practice, limitations of the study, and directions for future research.
TIF1β/KAP-1 Is a Coactivator of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor NGFI-B/Nur77*

In efforts to define mechanisms of transcriptional activation by the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (Nur77), we identified TIF1β by mass spectrometry within a nuclear protein complex containing NGFI-B. TIF1β, also known as KAP-1 (KRAB domain-associated protein) or KRIP-1, acts as a transcriptional corepressor for many transcription factors, in particular for the Krüppel-associated box domain-containing zinc finger transcription factors. TIF1β is also an intrinsic component of two chromatin remodeling and histone deacetylase complexes, the N-CoR1 and nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation complexes. In contrast to these activities, we report that TIF1β is a coactivator of NGFI-B and that it is as potent as the SRC coactivators in this context. Using pull-down assays and immunoprecipitation, we showed that TIF1β interacts directly with NGFI-B and with other Nur family members. NGFI-B is an important mediator of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) activation of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) transcription, and TIF1β enhances transcription mediated through the NGFI-B target, the Nur response element (NurRE). The NurRE binds Nur factor dimers and is responsive to signaling pathways. In keeping with the role of NGFI-B as mediator of CRH signaling, we found that TIF1β is recruited to the POMC promoter following CRH stimulation and that TIF1β potentiates CRH and protein kinase A signaling through the NurRE; it acts synergistically with the SRC2 coactivator. However, the actions of TIF1β and SRC2 were mapped to different NGFI-B AF-1 subdomains. Taken together, these results indicate that TIF1β is an important coactivator of NGFI-B-dependent transcription.
Biofilm formation and determination of minimum biofilm eradication concentration of antibiotics in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

The study was aimed to investigate biofilm forming ability of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and to determine the minimum biofilm eradication concentrations of antibiotics. Biofilm forming ability of six strains of M. hyopneumoniae was examined using crystal violet staining on coverslips. The results demonstrated an apparent line of biofilm growth in 3 of the strains isolated from swine with confirmed cases of enzootic pneumonia. BacLight bacterial viability assay revealed that the majority of the cells were viable after 336 hr of incubation. Moreover, M. hyopneumoniae persists in the biofilm after being exposed to 10 fold higher concentration of antibiotics than the minimum inhibitory concentrations in planktonic cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of biofilm formation in M. hyopneumoniae. However, comprehensive studies on the mechanisms of biofilm formation are needed to combat swine enzootic pneumonia caused by resistant M. hyopneumoniae.
Channels of Labour Supply Responses of Lone Parents to Changed Work Incentives

In this paper, we investigate the response of female lone parents to two reforms to the welfare system in Australia. We look at changes to both hours and participation and focus on the channels of adjustment, in particular the role of job changes for adjustment in hours. We highlight the relationship between policy design and heterogeneous outcomes. Workers/non-workers and mothers with high/low education respond differently to different policies. We find evidence of within job rigidities as the adjustment of working hours happens primarily through changing jobs. Our findings also provide support for the importance of accounting for fixed costs of working.
Interventions for idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

BACKGROUND Idiopathic intracranial hypertension occurs throughout the world with an estimated incidence of one to three per 100,000 population per year. It occurs most commonly in obese young women but the cause is unknown. It presents a significant threat to sight and is associated with severe morbidity, in the form of headaches in most cases. Several different treatments have been proposed ranging from relatively conservative measures such as diuretic therapy to more invasive treatments such as optic nerve sheath fenestration, stenting of cerebral venous sinuses, or lumbo-peritoneal shunting. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effects of various forms of treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension with a view to producing an evidence-based treatment strategy. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register, on The Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2004), MEDLINE (1966 to January 2005) and EMBASE (1980 to January 2005). SELECTION CRITERIA We included only randomised controlled trials in which any intervention used to treat idiopathic intracranial hypertension had been compared to placebo or to another form of treatment in people with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Both authors independently assessed the search results for trials to be included in the review. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion. Since no trials met our inclusion criteria, no assessment of quality or meta-analysis was undertaken. MAIN RESULTS No randomised controlled trials were found that met the inclusion criteria. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient information to generate an evidence-based management strategy for idiopathic intracranial hypertension. There is inadequate information regarding which treatments are truly beneficial and which are potentially harmful. Properly designed and executed trials are needed.
Job skill discretion and emotion control strategies as antecedents of recovery from work

Recovery from work protects employees’ health and well-being, and therefore it is important to understand its antecedents. The aim of this study conducted among 183 middle-aged participants drawn from the Finnish Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development was to examine whether job skill discretion and emotion control strategies (emotional rumination and emotional inhibition) are related to psychological aspects of recovery from work (subjective recovery evaluation, psychological detachment and relaxation). The results of hierarchical general linear models confirmed the hypothesis that job skill discretion is positively associated with subjective recovery evaluation and relaxation. As expected, high emotional rumination predicted difficulties in psychological detachment and relaxation. Emotional inhibition moderated the relationship between job skill discretion and psychological detachment: where emotional inhibition was at a moderate level, job skill discretion was positively related to psychological detachment. The findings suggest that not only job characteristics but also individual factors contribute to recovery, revealing practical implications for employees, employers and occupational health care professionals seeking to promote employees’ work ability, health and well-being.
Increase in suicides associated with home eviction and foreclosure during the US housing crisis: findings from 16 National Violent Death Reporting System States, 2005-2010.

OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the frequency, characteristics, and precipitating circumstances of eviction- and foreclosure-related suicides during the US housing crisis, which resulted in historically high foreclosures and increased evictions beginning in 2006. METHODS We examined all eviction- and foreclosure-related suicides in the years 2005 to 2010 in 16 states in the National Violent Death Reporting System, a surveillance system for all violent deaths within participating states that abstracts information across multiple investigative sources (e.g., law enforcement, coroners, medical examiners). RESULTS We identified 929 eviction- or foreclosure-related suicides. Eviction- and foreclosure-related suicides doubled from 2005 to 2010 (n=88 in 2005; n=176 in 2010), mostly because of foreclosure-related suicides, which increased 253% from 2005 (n=30) to 2010 (n=106). Most suicides occurred before the actual housing loss (79%), and 37% of decedents experienced acute eviction or foreclosure crises within 2 weeks of the suicide. CONCLUSIONS Housing loss is a significant crisis that can precipitate suicide. Prevention strategies include support for those projected to lose homes, intervention before move-out date, training financial professionals to recognize warning signs, and strengthening population-wide suicide prevention measures during economic crises.
Chemoanatomical organization of the noradrenergic input from locus coeruleus to the olfactory bulb of the adult rat

The locus coeruleus contains noradrenergic neurons which project widely throughout the CNS. A major target of locus coeruleus projections in the rat is the olfactory bulb (Shipley et al.: Brain Res. 329:294–299, '85) but the organization of the projections within the bulb has not been systematically examined. In this study, the laminar distribution and densities of locus coeruleus‐noradrenergic fibers in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs were determined with anterograde tracing and immunocytochemical techniques.
Predictors of screening for breast and colorectal cancer among middle-aged women.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Rates of breast and colorectal cancer screenings among women in the United States fall below current guidelines set forth by the American Cancer Society and Healthy People 2010. This study examined predictors of breast and colorectal cancer screening behaviors among women patients (ages 50-75) at a university-based family practice clinic. METHODS A random sample of 600 women patients were sent a comprehensive written questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics and breast and colorectal cancer screening behaviors and beliefs via the US Postal Service. RESULTS Rates of clinical breast examinations, mammography, fecal occult blood testing, and sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy exceeded national and state trends. A greater proportion of women reported receiving breast cancer information as compared to colorectal cancer information. Receiving information from one's physician was significantly related to having had a clinical breast examination, a fecal occult blood test, and sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy. Significant predictors of fecal occult blood testing included lower perceived barriers, married, receiving information from physician, and greater perceived benefits. Significant predictors of sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy included receiving information from physician, lower perceived barriers, and advanced age. CONCLUSIONS The family physician can play an instrumental role in encouraging patients to adhere to current breast and colorectal cancer screening guidelines.
Anaemia and associated factors among under-fives and their mothers in Bushenyi district, Western Uganda

Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors among under-fives and their mothers in a rural area of Western Uganda. Design A cross-sectional investigation using both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. Stratified multistage sampling methods were used to select the study sample. A haemoglobinometer was used to assess Hb levels in the blood. Setting A rural district in Western Uganda. Subjects Children aged 6–59 months and their mothers aged 15–49 years. Results The overall prevalence of Fe-deficiency anaemia among children and their mothers was 26·2 % and 17·9 %, respectively. There was a significant correlation (r = 0·5, P = 0·008) between the Hb levels of the mothers and their children. Place of birth, age of the child, factors related to complementary foods, and formal education and nutrition knowledge of the mother were major factors that were significantly associated (r = 0·05, P = 0·05) with low Hb levels among the children. The most important factors that were associated with low Hb levels of the mothers were their formal education, nutrition knowledge and health status. Conclusions Fe-deficiency anaemia was found to be a major problem in this cohort of children and their mothers. Dietary factors and sociodemographic factors were the major factors associated with high levels of anaemia among the children and their mothers. It is therefore recommended that rural mothers should be sensitized on best practices for prevention of anaemia among both women and children.
Exploring News Coverage of Femicide: Does Reporting the News Add Insult to Injury?

The news media help shape society’s perception of social problems as well as public opinion of victims and offenders. Currently, there is extensive research devoted to the media’s portrayal of violence against women but very little examination of femicide (for purposes of this research, defined as the murder of female intimate partners). Using newspaper coverage of femicide cases across the state of North Carolina over a 6-year period (995 articles representing 299 cases), the current study examines the news media’s use of direct and indirect victim-blaming language, the sources cited in femicide reporting, and whether femicide cases are contextualized as an individual problem or within the broader social issue of intimate partner violence (IPV). Consistent with previous research, findings indicate that public sources (i.e., law enforcement) were the most commonly cited sources of information in news coverage of femicide compared to private sources (i.e., friends and family); however, domestic violence experts are cited more often than in prior studies. In addition, direct and indirect victim-blaming language is not as pervasive as previous research has suggested. Finally, the percentage of articles that contextualized the femicide as IPV is lower than that found in prior studies of femicide. Implications of these findings and future research are discussed.
Clinical and molecular characterization of chronic hepatitis B in Albania: A country that is still highly endemic for HBV infection

Albania is a Mediterranean country, still with a high endemicity level of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The chronic hepatitis B profile was characterized in this geographical area and used as a model to investigate the impact of endemicity level on the prevalence of the two major forms of chronic hepatitis B (HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B). A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 62 chronic hepatitis B patients consecutively admitted to the most important tertiary health care center for the diagnosis and treatment of liver disease in Albania. HBV‐DNA was measured with an in‐house PCR with a sensitivity of 104 copies/ml which uses primers encompassing the pre‐core/core region. PCR products were subjected to sequencing and oligohybridization assay. Of the 62 patients, 75.8% had HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B. Genotype D was found in all 39 patients with detectable HBV viremia, for whom the heterogeneity of the region modulating HBeAg expression was assessed. Basic core promoter (BCP) mutations (1762/1764) were observed more often in anti‐HBe‐positive and older patients. In more than 90% of the HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B patients with detectable viremia, HBV that carries the G to A pre‐core mutation at nucleotide 1896 was found. Patients with HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B were younger than HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B patients, and for symptomatic and asymptomatic liver‐disease patients, the age of peak prevalence was at least 10 years lower for HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients. In conclusion, the virological and clinical pattern of chronic hepatitis B in Albania is similar to that observed in other Mediterranean countries; it seems to be independent of the HBV endemicity level. J. Med. Virol. 75:20–26, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Revision of agents of black-grain eumycetoma in the order

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Arithmetic priming from neglected numbers

Patient AM, with left visuospatial neglect, and 31 healthy participants performed a parity judgment task on numbers presented to their right parafovea. Target numbers were preceded by a pair of digits (prime) appearing peripherally for 100 ms either in their left (LVF) or in their right visual field (RVF), which participants had to ignore. In healthy participants, when primes were arithmetically related to the following target, performance was significantly slower than when primes and targets were not related. In contrast, AM's performance was slower in the related than in the control condition when prime digits appeared in his RVF, whereas it was faster in the related than in the control condition when prime digits appeared in his LVF. This suggests that neglected numbers were nevertheless processed at least until the level of stored arithmetic knowledge. Thus, visuospatial neglect does not prevent neglected numbers from accessing their representations in arithmetic networks, which seems to be a highly automatised skill. Moreover, AM's pattern of data (i.e., interference from RVF primes vs. facilitation from LVF primes) supports the hypothesis of a link between conscious attention and inhibitory processes, as proposed by Fuentes and Humphreys (1996).
Pharmacology of Traumatic Brain Injury: Where Is the “Golden Bullet”?

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health care problem and a significant socioeconomic challenge worldwide. In the United States alone, approximately 1.5 million patients are affected each year, and the mortality of severe TBI remains as high as 35%–40%. These statistics underline the urgent need for efficient treatment modalities to improve posttraumatic morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in basic and clinical research as well as improved neurological intensive care in recent years, no specific pharmacological therapy for TBI is available that would improve the outcome of these patients. Understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiological events after TBI has resulted in the identification of new potential therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, the extrapolation from basic research data to clinical application in TBI patients has invariably failed, and results from prospective clinical trials are disappointing. We review the published prospective clinical trials on pharmacological treatment modalities for TBI patients and outline future promising therapeutic avenues in the field.
Measuring Visible Space to Assess Landscape Openness

Abstract This paper presents and discusses a procedure for measuring landscape openness, which is an important characteristic of the visual landscape. The procedure aims to ensure the quality of descriptions of landscape openness while being flexible enough to produce descriptions suitable for various purposes. Geo-data and a Geographic Information System (GIS) are used to develop the procedure, which consists of five steps: 1) select road network and apply sampling strategy; 2) merge terrain and topographic datasets and create contour lines; 3) identify visual limitations; 4) compute visible space; and 5) select and calculate variables. The procedure is applied to a case study to illustrate the possibilities. The paper includes a discussion of the realism, generality, precision and sensitivity of the procedure. The balance between a high degree of realism and a high degree of generality ensures a procedure which can be used by policy-makers and planners for a wide range of purposes at various levels.
Integration of Students with Severe and Profound Intellectual Disabilities into the Comprehensive School System: Teachers' perceptions of the education reform in Finland

In Finland compulsory education has been organised within the comprehensive school system since 1970. However, until August 1997, the students with the most severe intellectual disabilities were educated by social welfare authorities outside the school system. This study evaluates the transition from the social service system into the comprehensive school system one year after the reform. Nationally representative data was gathered in 1998 from 125 teachers who taught 591 (65%) of all school age children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities in Finland. The results of the study indicated that while physical integration had increased, individual integration into the full-time mainstream classroom occurred only seldom. Further, only a few teachers thought that the best placement for children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities was in full-time general education classes. About 80% of the respondents thought that the best placement was in full- or part-time special classes located in mainstream schools.
Distributed energy-efficient power optimization for relay-aided heterogeneous networks

This paper presents an energy-efficient power allocation for relay-aided heterogeneous networks subject to coupling convex constraints, that make the problem at hand a generalized Nash equilibrium problem. The solution to the resource allocation problem is derived using a sequential penalty approach based on the advanced theory of quasi variational inequality, which allows the network to converge to its generalized Nash equilibrium in a distributed manner. The main feature of the proposed approach is its decomposability, which leads to a two-layer distributed algorithm with provable convergence.