Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Doing History: Investigating with Children in Elementary and Middle Schools

Preface Author Biographies Chapter 1 Past, Present, and Future: The Sociocultural Context for Studying History Chapter 2 It's Not Just a Mishap: The Theory Behind Disciplined Inquiry Chapter 3 There Aren't a Lot of "For Sure" Facts: Building Communities of Historical Inquiry Chapter 4 To Find Out Things We Didn't Know About Ourselves: Personal Histories Chapter 5 Tell Me About Yourself: Linking Children to the Past Through Family Histories Chapter 6 I Think Columbus Went to Hell! : Connections and Controversies in World History Chapter 7 Camel Dies, Lose Three Turns: Scaffolding Inquiry Into World History Chapter 8 Rats in the Hospital: Creating a History Museum Chapter 9 I Have No Experience with This! Historical Inquiry in an Integrated Social Studies Setting Chapter 10 Why Isn't That in the Textbook? Fiction, Nonfiction, and Historical Thinking Chapter 11 Oh, Good! We Get to Argue: Putting Conflict in Context Chapter 12 In My Opinion, It Could Happen Again: How Attitudes and Beliefs Have Changed Over Time Chapter 13 Nosotros La Gente: Diverse Perspectives in U.S. History Chapter 14 The Arts Make Us All Part of Humankind: Cognitive Pluralism in History Teaching and Learning Epilogue References Index
Children Born Small for Gestational Age: Do They Catch Up?

ABSTRACT: Postnatal growth of 724 (423 premature, 301 full-term) small for gestational age infants (SGA. birth length less than the third length percemile (P3) for gestational age) was studied for the first 2 y of lile. The study group consisted of all SGA infants who had been admitted over a period of 8 y at the Departments of Neonatology of three University Hospitals in The Netherlands with exclusion of infants with well defined causes for growth retardation, such as chromosomal disorders, syndromes, severe malformations, or complications during the neonatal period or later on. The aim of the study was to describe postnatal growth of SGA infants and to find predictive factors for catch-up growth ≥P3 during the first 2 y of life. The majority (around 85%) of the healthy SGA infants showed catch-up growth to a height ≥P3 during the first 2 y of life. The percentage of premature SGA infants with catch-up growth ≥P3 at 2 y of age (82.5%) was not significantly different from that of full-term SGA infants (87.5%). Birth length SDS was more sensitive than birth weight SDS in predicting catch-up ≥P3 in premature SGA infants. In contrast, birth weight SDS was the best predictor for catch-up >P3 in full-term SGA infants. Gestational age, multiple birth, and sex were not significantly associated with catch-up in height ≥P3. For children with a length still below P3 at 3 or 6 mo of age, the actual length SDS at that age appeared positively associated with catch-up ≥P3. In SGA premature infants there was also a positive association between the weight gain during the first 6 mo and the catch-up growth ≥P3. SGA children with short stature (height <P3) at 2 y of age need further investigation.
The Epstein-Barr virus 3.5-kilobase latent membrane protein 1 mRNA initiates from a TATA-Less promoter within the first terminal repeat

The complete 5' sequence of the Epstein-Barr virus 3.5-kb latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) mRNA, expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, has been determined. The transcript initiates from heterogeneous start sites within the first terminal repeat (TR) of the viral genome. This region is TATA-less, consistent with heterogeneous starting, but contains multiple GC-rich elements which potentially interact with the Sp1 transcription factor. Expression of the 3.5-kb mRNA was consistently detected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples and in additional cell types, including a Burkitt's lymphoma. This is the first identification of an Epstein-Barr virus mRNA containing TR sequence and the first report of the ability of the TR to function as a transcriptional promoter.
Attention Assisted Discovery of Sub-Utterance Structure in Speech Emotion Recognition

Recently, attention mechanism based deep learning has gained much popularity in speech recognition and natural language processing due to its ﬂexibility at the decoding phase. Through the attention mechanism, the relevant encoding context vectors contribute a majority portion to the construction of the decoding context, while the effect of the irrelevant ones is minimized. Inspired by this idea, a speech emotion recognition system is proposed in this work for an active selection of sub-utterance representations to better compose a discriminative utterance representation. Compared to the baseline of a model based on the uniform attention, i.e. no attention at all, an attention based model improves the weighted accuracy by an absolute of 1 . 46% (and relative 57 . 87% to 59 . 33% ) on the emotion classiﬁcation task. Moreover, the selection distribution leads to a better understanding of the sub-utterance structure in an emotional utter-ance.
For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War

I encourage you to ask questions and make comments in class and/or during office hours. If these times are not convenient, please feel free to make an appointment with me. This is particularly important in this course, for the mid-nineteenth century represents one of the most complex periods in United States history. If you don’t understand something in class, please ask me to explain it. You’ll be doing yourself (and undoubtedly some other bewildered classmate) a favor.
Personal and Social Determinants of Aggressive and Dangerous Driving

Aggressive and dangerous driving compromises personal and public safety. The purpose of the present study was to identify common forms of aggressive and dangerous driving and to determine contributing factors. Participants included 298 university students who completed an online survey measuring aggressive and dangerous driving and a range of possible causes. Results showed that verbal aggression was most common followed by using one’s vehicle to express anger. Aggressive driving was associated with permissive attitudes towards driving aggression, vehicle preferences, and a disposition towards anger. Texting and eating while driving were the most common types of dangerous driving. The strongest predictors of dangerous driving were commuting distance, permissive attitudes towards distracted driving, vehicle preferences, and vehicle type. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Rare Variant APOC3 R19X Is Associated With Cardio-Protective Profiles in a Diverse Population-Based Survey as Part of the Epidemiologic Architecture for Genes Linked to Environment Study

Background—A founder mutation was recently discovered and described as conferring favorable lipid profiles and reduced subclinical atherosclerotic disease in a Pennsylvania Amish population. Preliminary data have suggested that this null mutation APOC3 R19X (rs76353203) is rare in the general population. Methods and Results—To better describe the frequency and lipid profile in the general population, we as part of the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology I Study and the Epidemiological Architecture for Genes Linked to Environment Study genotyped rs76353203 in 1113 Amish participants from Ohio and Indiana and 19 613 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES III, 1999 to 2002, and 2007 to 2008). We found no carriers among the Ohio and Indiana Amish. Of the 19 613 NHANES participants, we identified 31 participants carrying the 19X allele, for an overall allele frequency of 0.08%. Among fasting adults, the 19X allele was associated with lower triglycerides (n=7603; &bgr;=−71.20; P=0.007) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n=8891; &bgr;=15.65; P=0.0002) and, although not significant, lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n=6502; &bgr;= -4.85; P=0.68) after adjustment for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. On average, 19X allele participants had approximately half the triglyceride levels (geometric means, 51.3 to 69.7 versus 134.6 to 141.3 mg/dL), >20% higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (geometric means, 56.8 to 74.4 versus 50.38 to 53.36 mg/dL), and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (geometric means, 104.5 to 128.6 versus 116.1 to 125.7 mg/dL) compared with noncarrier participants. Conclusions—These data demonstrate that APOC3 19X exists in the general US population in multiple racial/ethnic groups and is associated with cardio-protective lipid profiles.
La diversidad institucional del bicameralismo en América Latina

El presente trabajo tiene como foco el estudio de las instituciones de los sistemas bicamerales de Latinoamérica, atendiendo a sus variaciones y a las posibles diferencias que éstas producen en el sistema de toma de decisión. Así, se propone identificar el potencial impacto que cada arreglo institucional tendría en las estrategias y comportamiento de los legisladores y en los diferentes aspectos de la elaboración de la política pública. Para ello se analizan diferentes características institucionales, como las reglas de selección de los legisladores, la base de representación, el tamaño de las cámaras, la duración del mandato, la renovación parcial de escaños, las atribuciones de las cámaras, los requisitos de elección y las diferentes modalidades de tratamiento de los proyecto de leyes. La muestra de países de comparación sistemática está compuesta por Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México, Paraguay y Uruguay, y se incluyen colateralmente los países antaño bicamerales: Ecuador, Nicaragua, Perú y Venezuela.
Comparison of totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy for kidney stones: a randomized, clinical trial

This study aimed to compare the totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy techniques regarding their rates of success and complications in patients with kidney stones. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Forty-four patients (24 men; mean age: 50.40±2.02 years) received totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL; no nephrostomy catheter or ureteral catheter after PCNL) and 40 patients (18 men; mean age: 49.95±13.38 years) underwent standard PCNL (a nephrostomy catheter and ureteral catheter were used after PCNL). All surgeries were performed by one surgeon. Postoperative changes in hemoglobin, the blood transfusion rate, changes in creatinine levels, operation time, analgesic need, hospitalization time, and complication rate were compared between the groups. No significant differences were observed in age, gender, stone size, and surgery side between the groups (P<0.05). The operation time was significantly lower in the totally tubeless PCNL group than in the standard PCNL group (P=0.005). Pethidine requirements were significantly higher in the standard PCNL group than the totally tubeless PCNL group (P=0.007). Hospitalization time was significantly higher in the standard PCNL group than in the totally tubeless PCNL group (P<0.0001). The complication rate was 15% in the standard PCNL group and 9.1% in the totally tubeless PCNL group (P=0.73). The totally tubeless PCNL technique is safe and effective, even for patients with staghorn stones. This technique is associated with decreased pain, analgesic needs, and operative and hospitalization time. We believe that a normal peristaltic ureter is the best drainage tube.
FMOS near-IR spectroscopy of herschel-selected galaxies: Star formation rates, metallicity and dust attenuation at z ~ 1

We investigate the properties (e.g. star formation rate, dust attenuation, stellar mass and metallicity) of a sample of infrared (IR) luminous galaxies at z similar to 1 via near-IR spectroscopy with Subaru-FMOS. Our sample consists of Herschel SPIRE and Spitzer MIPS selected sources in the COSMOS field with photometric redshifts in the range of 0.7 \textless zphot \textless 1.8, which have been targeted in two pointings (0.5 deg2) with FMOS. We find a modest success rate for emission-line detections, with candidate Ha emission lines detected for 57 of 168 SPIRE sources (34 per cent). By stacking the near-IR spectra we directly measure the mean Balmer decrement for the Ha and H beta lines, finding a value of \textless E(B - V)\textgreater = 0.51 +/- 0.27 for \textless LIR \textgreater = 1012L circle dot sources at \textless z \textgreater = 1.36. By comparing star formation rates estimated from the IR and from the dust-uncorrected Ha line we find a strong relationship between dust attenuation and star formation rate. This relation is broadly consistent with that previously seen in star-forming galaxies at z similar to 0.1. Finally, we investigate the metallicity via the N2 ratio, finding that z similar to 1 IR-selected sources are indistinguishable from the local massmetallicity relation. We also find a strong correlation between dust attenuation and metallicity, with the most metal-rich IR sources experiencing the largest levels of dust attenuation.
Electrical Neuroimaging Reveals Timing of Attentional Control Activity in Human Brain

Voluntarily shifting attention to a location of the visual field improves the perception of events that occur there. Regions of frontal cortex are thought to provide the top-down control signal that initiates a shift of attention, but because of the temporal limitations of functional brain imaging, the timing and sequence of attentional-control operations remain unknown. We used a new analytical technique (beamformer spatial filtering) to reconstruct the anatomical sources of low-frequency brain waves in humans associated with attentional control across time. Following a signal to shift attention, control activity was seen in parietal cortex 100–200 ms before activity was seen in frontal cortex. Parietal cortex was then reactivated prior to anticipatory biasing of activity in occipital cortex. The magnitudes of early parietal activations were strongly predictive of the degree of attentional improvement in perceptual performance. These results show that parietal cortex, not frontal cortex, provides the initial signals to shift attention and indicate that top-down attentional control is not purely top down.
Unpacking an Effective Language and Literacy Coaching Intervention in Head Start

This exploratory study investigated how 2 years of a coaching-based language and literacy intervention were linked to Head Start teachers' classroom environments and instructional interactions, as well as to the vocabulary, alphabet, and sound awareness learning of their preschool students. In total, 16 Head Start teachers participated in the intervention, and 10 teachers participated in a business-as-usual control. In addition, 626 preschoolers participated in the intervention, while 357 children participated in the control condition. The first year of coaching was linked to gains in the quality of teachers' classroom literacy environments and the quality of instructional interactions, and a second year of coaching resulted in additional gains in the quality of instructional interactions. Effects were consistent regardless of the initial quality of the classroom environment and instructional interactions. The intervention was significantly related to all child outcomes, with greater vocabulary gains in the second year of coaching.
The Default Mode Network and EEG Regional Spectral Power: A Simultaneous fMRI-EEG Study

Electroencephalography (EEG) frequencies have been linked to specific functions as an “electrophysiological signature” of a function. A combination of oscillatory rhythms has also been described for specific functions, with or without predominance of one specific frequency-band. In a simultaneous fMRI-EEG study at 3 T we studied the relationship between the default mode network (DMN) and the power of EEG frequency bands. As a methodological approach, we applied Multivariate Exploratory Linear Optimized Decomposition into Independent Components (MELODIC) and dual regression analysis for fMRI resting state data. EEG power for the alpha, beta, delta and theta-bands were extracted from the structures forming the DMN in a region-of-interest approach by applying Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA). A strong link between the spontaneous BOLD response of the left parahippocampal gyrus and the delta-band extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex was found. A positive correlation between the beta-1 frequency power extracted from the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the spontaneous BOLD response of the right supplementary motor cortex was also established. The beta-2 frequency power extracted from the PCC and the precuneus showed a positive correlation with the BOLD response of the right frontal cortex. Our results support the notion of beta-band activity governing the “status quo” in cognitive and motor setup. The highly significant correlation found between the delta power within the DMN and the parahippocampal gyrus is in line with the association of delta frequencies with memory processes. We assumed “ongoing activity” during “resting state” in bringing events from the past to the mind, in which the parahippocampal gyrus is a relevant structure. Our data demonstrate that spontaneous BOLD fluctuations within the DMN are associated with different EEG-bands and strengthen the conclusion that this network is characterized by a specific electrophysiological signature created by combination of different brain rhythms subserving different putative functions.
Inclusion and Exclusion in Competitive Sport: Socio-Legal and Regulatory Perspectives

Introduction Part I: Key Concepts 1. Sport Specific Inclusion and Exclusion 2. Physical and Non-Physical Human Differences 3. The Regulation of Inclusion and Exclusion Part II: Cases of Inclusion and Exclusion in Sport 4. Sex 5. Gender 6. Disability 7. Race Part III: Striking the Balance 8. Exploring Key Themes 9. Conclusion and Recommendations for Regulatory Reform
School-Wide Positive Behavior Support–Norway: Impacts on Problem Behavior and Classroom Climate

Results from the first study of the three-level School-Wide Positive Behavior Support model in Europe (SWPBS, called N-PALS) are presented. Using a strengthened nonrandomized design, data was collected from more than 1,200 teachers and 7,640 students at four measure points over four school years in 28 Norwegian intervention schools and 20 controls. Multilevel analyses revealed significant positive main and differential intervention effects on student problem behavior and classroom learning climate. Moreover, the number of segregated students decreased in the intervention group, while it increased in the control group. Implementation quality moderated the outcomes. Study results, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Performance metrics and configuration strategies for group network communication

There is an increasing number of group-based multimedia applications over the Internet, for example, voice conference or multi-player games. For these applications, it is often necessary to select a strategy to distribute the multimedia streams or mixing the multimedia stream data so as to provide better quality of service (QoS) guarantees. However, there is no appropriate metrics to evaluate the QoS of a group multimedia session, despite abundant literature on how to evaluate the QoS for two-party communication (e.g. MOS, E-Model). In this paper, we propose a new measure which is called the group mean opinion score (GMOS). To leverage on existing work, our definition of GMOS is based on two-party MOS, hence, it can be estimated via measurement of network parameters and fitting these data into the E-Model. We conduct large scale experiments using the latest SKYPE conference software. We first calibrate the GMOS based on the subjective scores of our experiments, then for individual conference sessions, we check whether our approach can pick a server configuration strategy to achieve the best GMOS. The study shows our proposed methodology is very promising and the potential of applying to other group-based applications.
Helpers benefit offspring in both the short and long-term in the cooperatively breeding banded mongoose

Helpers in cooperative and communal breeding species are thought to accrue fitness benefits through improving the condition and survival of the offspring that they care for, yet few studies have shown conclusively that helpers benefit the offspring they rear. Using a novel approach to control for potentially confounding group-specific variables, I compare banded mongoose (Mungos mungo) offspring within the same litter that differ in the amount of time they spend with a helper, and hence the amount of care they receive. I show that pups that spend more time in close proximity to a helper are fed more, grow faster and have a higher probability of survival to independence than their littermates. Moreover, high growth rates during development reduce the age at which females breed for the first time, suggesting that helpers can improve the future fecundity of the offspring for which they care. These results provide strong evidence that it is the amount of investment per se that benefits offspring, rather than some correlate such as territory quality, and validate the assumption that helpers improve the reproductive success of breeders, and hence may gain fitness benefits from their actions. Furthermore, the finding that helpers may benefit offspring in the long-term suggests that current studies underestimate the fitness benefits that helpers gain from rearing the offspring of others.
O impacto da malformação fetal: indicadores afetivos e estratégias de enfrentamento das gestantes

The objective of this study was to know how to establish the maternal- fetal attachment, anxiety, depression and the manners of pregnant women coping with diagnosis of malformed fetuses. We studied 22 pregnant women assisted in the gynecology and obstetric services of two cities in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. They were applied: 1) Scale of Maternal-fetal Attachment (Cranley, 1981); Inventory of Anxiety (BAI) and Depression (BDI) Beck (1961) and 4 the Scale of Manners of Coping of the Problem EMEP (Vitaliano et al., 1985). The results point that 21 (95,4%) participant pregnant women of this study show the maximum maternal-fetal bond, three of them (13,6%) show clinical indicators for depression and anxiety and 12 (54,5%) of them use as coping strategies the search of Religious Practices. That means, strategies that include hope and faith feelings, in front the diagnosis of fetal malformation. We can conclude that even in front to the diagnosis, the pregnant women tend to maintain the fetal maternal attachment and they use of several coping strategies, being the main of them looking for it for religious practices.
Why nonsuicidal self-injury?: Examining the validity of steps of a decision model of nonsuicidal self-injury under distress

The most common reason for Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is to reduce distress (Klonsky, 2007), yet it is unclear why people decide to use NSSI to reduce distress on a specific occasion. This study tested separate steps of a decision making model (adapted from Janis & Mann, 1977) about using NSSI to reduce distress. College students who have previously self-injured were administered 14-21 daily online questionnaires about coping behavior and decisions. Results supported each step of the model and indicated that NSSI was more likely when someone is more distressed, less hopeful to find another coping behavior, and can find solitude, amongst other findings. These results highlight potential areas of clinical intervention including specific cognitions to modify and improving social support. This study should be improved and replicated in future research.