Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between tamsulosin and serious ophthalmic adverse events in older men following cataract surgery.

CONTEXT Both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and cataract formation are common in older men. The alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker tamsulosin is frequently prescribed to treat BPH, and research suggests this drug may increase the intraoperative difficulty of cataract surgery. No studies have documented whether use of tamsulosin or other alpha-blocker drug therapies affect the risk of serious postoperative adverse events. OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of adverse events following cataract surgery in older men prescribed tamsulosin or other alpha-blocking drugs used to treat BPH. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Nested case-control analysis of a population-based retrospective cohort study using linked health care databases from Ontario, Canada. We included all men aged 66 years or older who had cataract surgery between 2002 and 2007 (N = 96 128). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A composite of procedures signifying retinal detachment, lost lens or lens fragment, or endophthalmitis occurring within 14 days after cataract surgery. The risk of these adverse events was compared between men treated with tamsulosin or other alpha-blockers and men with no exposure to these medications in the year prior to cataract surgery. We separately examined the association of drug exposure that was either recent (within the 14 days before surgery) or previous (15-365 days before surgery). RESULTS Overall, 3550 patients (3.7%) in the cohort had recent exposure to tamsulosin and 7426 patients (7.7%) had recent exposure to other alpha-blockers. Two hundred eighty-four patients (0.3%) had an adverse event. We randomly matched 280 of the cases to 1102 controls according to their age, surgeon, and year of surgery. Adverse events were significantly more common among patients with recent tamsulosin exposure (7.5% vs 2.7%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-4.43) but were not associated with recent exposure to other alpha-blockers (7.5% vs 8.0%; adjusted OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.54-1.54) or to previous exposure to either tamsulosin (< or = 1.8% vs 1%; adjusted OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.27-3.34) or other alpha-blockers (2.9% vs 2.1%; adjusted OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.47-2.48). This corresponds to an estimated number needed to harm (NNH) of 255 (95% CI, 99-1666). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to tamsulosin within 14 days of cataract surgery was significantly associated with serious postoperative ophthalmic adverse events. There were no significant associations with exposure to other alpha-blocker medications used to treat BPH.
The Influence of Material Resources on Innovation Projects: The Role of Resource Elasticity

More (rather than fewer) material resources are thought to be the key driver in innovation project performance. Recent empirical evidence, however, suggests that the influence of material resource availability on innovation projects is not as simple and straightforwardly positive as it may seem. We build on the concept of an innovation project team's resource elasticity to disentangle the material resource–innovation output conundrum. This concept is analogous to the marketing concept of price elasticity and points to four types of innovation project teams based on their resource elasticity: In resource‐elastic teams, the relationship between material resources and innovation outcomes is positive (hence, they are ‘resource driven’ when able to dispose of adequate material resources or ‘resource victims’ when lacking these material resources). In contrast, and as a significant departure from previous work, resource‐inelastic teams show no or even a negative relationship between material resource adequacy and team performance (thus, the teams are ‘resourceful’ if they can perform with limited material resources or ‘resource burners’ if they show low success with adequate material resources). Because neither adequate nor inadequate material resources seem to be a reliable predictor of success, we synthesize empirical research efforts that point to each team type's key characteristics to derive novel implications for managing innovation projects.
Gender Demography and Organization Performance

Considerable theoretical work has been published to date concerning the relationship between demographic composition of organizations and the performance of those firms. Indeed, under the topics of organization demography, substantial thought has been given to how demographic composition influences organization performance. Unfortunately, little empirical research has been conducted. The present research reports the results of two organization-level studies that investigated the relationship between gender diversity of organizations and their performance and hypothesized a nonlinear association. Study 1 results demonstrated support for an inverted U-shaped relationship between gender composition and organization performance, as hypothesized, and these results were constructively replicated in Study 2, thus increasing confidence in the validity of the findings. The results of Study 2 suggest that some industries might not be able to take advantage of this gender composition–firm performance relationship. Implications of these results for theory and research are discussed.
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia: are they still a promise?

since new reportsare continuously appearing, the present state ofthe art needs to be deﬁned again. The optimism generated by promising resultsobtained in different cellular systems is tem-pered by the difficulties in developing clinicaltrials, mainly because of the lack of sufficientknowledge regarding the mechanisms associat-ed with the inhibition of gene expression
Contribution of SHANK 3 Mutations to Autism Spectrum Disorder

Mutations in SHANK3, which encodes a synaptic scaffolding protein, have been described in subjects with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To assess the quantitative contribution of SHANK3 to the pathogenesis of autism, we determined the frequency of DNA sequence and copy-number variants in this gene in 400 ASD-affected subjects ascertained in Canada. One de novo mutation and two gene deletions were discovered, indicating a contribution of 0.75% in this cohort. One additional SHANK3 deletion was characterized in two ASD-affected siblings from another collection, which brings the total number of published mutations in unrelated ASD-affected families to seven. The combined data provide support that haploinsufficiency of SHANK3 can cause a monogenic form of autism in sufficient frequency to warrant consideration in clinical diagnostic testing.
Productivity Growth and the Phillips Curve

We present a model in which workers' aspirations for wage increases adjust slowly to shifts in productivity growth. The model yields a Phillips curve with a new variable: the gap between productivity growth and an average of past wage growth. Empirically, this variable shows up strongly in the U.S. Phillips curve. Including it explains the otherwise puzzling shift in the unemployment-inflation tradeoff since 1995.
Safeguarding children: a comparison of England's data with that of Australia, Norway and the United States

In recent years increasing attention has been given to the value of cross-national research and analysis to illuminate strengths and weaknesses in child welfare systems (Freymond and Cameron, 2006; Gilbert, Parton and Skivenes, 2011; Hetherington et al., 1997; Stein and Munro, 2008). International comparisons of child maltreatment may allow policy and practice in one or more countries to be benchmarked against others; and may also assist in the identification of alternative strategies to protect children from harm and promote their welfare (Freymond and Cameron, 2006; Hetherington et al., 1997; Munro et al., 2005). However, a recent Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report concluded that:
The Importance of Being Earnest: Macroeconomic Determinants of Sovereign Bond Yield Spreads in the Eurozone

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the macroeconomic determinants of sovereign bond yield spreads in the Eurozone since 2000 until August 2012, when Outright Monetary Transactions program was announced. Results show that there is a reputation effect on each country that affects the relationship between sovereign bond yield spreads and macroeconomic determinants. This reputation effect is larger for those countries that are already experiencing higher spreads.
Managing Emergent Phenomena: Nonlinear Dynamics in Work Organizations

Contents: Preface. Scenes From the Nonlinear House of Panic. Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Theory. Structural Equations. Organizational Change and Development. Nonlinear Motivation Theory. Dynamical Theory of Creativity. Social Networks. Work Group Coordination. The Emergence of Leadership. Work Flows in Hierarchies. Nonlinear Economics. Dynamical Systems. Epilogue: Whatever Happened to Everything? Appendices: Data Analysis With Structural Equations. The Island Commission Game.
Shortcuts to Quantifier Interpretation in Children and Adults

Errors involving universal quantification are common in contexts depicting sets of individuals in partial, one-to-one correspondence. In this article, we explore whether quantifier-spreading errors are more common with distributive quantifiers each and every than with all. In Experiments 1 and 2, 96 children (5- to 9-year-olds) viewed pairs of pictures and selected one corresponding to a sentence containing a universal quantifier (e.g., Every alligator is in a bathtub). Both pictures showed extra objects (e.g., alligators or bathtubs) not in correspondence, with correct sentence interpretation requiring their attention. Children younger than 9 years made numerous errors, with poorer performance in distributive contexts than collective ones. In Experiment 3, 21 native, English-speaking adults, given a similar task with the distributive quantifier every, also made childlike errors. The persistence of quantifier-spreading errors in adults undermines accounts positing immature syntactic structures as the error source. Rather, the errors seemingly reflect inaccurate syntax to semantics mapping, with adults and children alike resorting to processing shortcuts.
Postinjury Niches Induce Temporal Shifts in Progenitor Fates to Direct Lesion Repair after Spinal Cord Injury

Progenitors that express NG2-proteoglycan are the predominant self-renewing cells within the CNS. NG2 progenitors replenish oligodendrocyte populations within the intact stem cell niche, and cycling NG2 cells are among the first cells to react to CNS insults. We investigated the role of NG2 progenitors after spinal cord injury and how bone morphogen protein signals remodel the progressive postinjury (PI) niche. Progeny labeled by an NG2-specific reporter virus undergo a coordinated shift in differentiation profile. NG2 progeny born 24 h PI produce scar-forming astrocytes and transient populations of novel phagocytic astrocytes shown to contain denatured myelin within cathepsin-D-labeled endosomes, but NG2 progenitors born 7 d PI differentiate into oligodendrocytes and express myelin on processes that wrap axons. Analysis of spinal cord mRNA shows a temporal shift in the niche transcriptome of ligands that affect PI remodeling and direct progenitor differentiation. We conclude that NG2 progeny are diverse lineages that obey progressive cues after trauma to replenish the injured niche.
E-MRO service planning with uncertain constraints based on stochastic programming

E-business based maintenance, repair and overhaul (E-MRO) is a new MRO service mode. Although in real world there are a number of E-MRO prototype systems, few comprehensive studies have been conducted on this topic. Motivated by the challenges of making optimal E-MRO service planning, simultaneously considering the capacity constraints of MRO service providers and the maintenance constraints of equipment users, this paper proposes a stochastic programming model involving multi-choice parameters, where uncertain factors in E-MRO are quantified. To solve the model, the properties of expectation of a random variable, and the Lagrange interpolating polynomial approach are used to derive the deterministic model equivalent to the stochastic programming model. The objective of the model is to seek optimal service planning, including determining whether to configure the corresponding service from the corresponding provider to the corresponding user at the corresponding period, and determining the time of the corresponding service. The optimal service planning can be referred by practitioners for a more reasonable decision. A numerical example validated the feasibility of proposed model.
Association between Repeated Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress (UCMS) Procedures with a High Fat Diet: A Model of Fluoxetine Resistance in Mice

Major depressive disorder is a debilitating disease. Unfortunately, treatment with antidepressants (ADs) has limited therapeutic efficacy since resistance to AD is common. Research in this field is hampered by the lack of a reliable natural animal model of AD resistance. Depression resistance is related to various factors, including the attendance of cardiovascular risk factors and past depressive episodes. We aimed to design a rodent model of depression resistance to ADs, associating cardiovascular risk factors with repeated unpredicted chronic mild stress (UCMS). Male BALB/c mice were given either a regular (4% fat) or a high fat diet (45% fat) and subjected to two 7-week periods of UCMS separated by 6 weeks. From the second week of each UCMS procedure, vehicle or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated daily. The effects of the UCMS and fluoxetine in both diet conditions were assessed using physical (coat state and body weight) and behavioural tests (the reward maze test and the splash test). The results demonstrate that during the second procedure, UCMS induced behavioural changes, including coat state degradation, disturbances in self-care behaviour (splash test) and anhedonia (reward maze test) and these were reversed by fluoxetine in the regular diet condition. In contrast, the high-fat diet regimen prevented the AD fluoxetine from abolishing the UCMS-induced changes. In conclusion, by associating UCMS—an already validated animal model of depression—with high-fat diet regimen, we designed a naturalistic animal model of AD resistance related to a sub-nosographic clinical entity of depression.
Effects of golf shaft stiffness on strain, clubhead presentation and wrist kinematics

The aim of this study was to quantify and explain the effect of shaft stiffness on the dynamics of golf drives. Twenty golfers performed swings with two clubs designed to differ only in shaft bending stiffness. Wrist kinematics and clubhead presentation to the ball were determined using optical motion capture systems in conjunction with a radar device for capturing ball speed, launch angle, and spin. Shaft stiffness had a marginally small effect on clubhead and ball speeds, which increased by 0.45% (p < 0.001) and 0.7% (p = 0.008), respectively, for the less stiff club. Two factors directly contributed to these increases: (i) a faster recovery of the lower flex shaft from lag to lead bending just before impact (p < 0.001); and (ii) an increase of 0.4% in angular velocity of the grip of the lower flex club at impact (p = 0.003). Unsurprisingly, decreases in shaft stiffness led to more shaft bending at the transition from backswing to downswing (p < 0.001). Contrary to previous research, lead bending at impact marginally increased for the stiffer shaft (p = 0.003). Overall, and taking effect sizes into account, the changes in shaft stiffness in isolation did not have a meaningful effect on the measured parameters, for the type of shaft investigated.
Comparative organization of the claustrum: what does structure tell us about function?

The claustrum is a subcortical nucleus present in all placental mammals. Many anatomical studies have shown that its inputs are predominantly from the cerebral cortex and its outputs are back to the cortex. This connectivity thus suggests that the claustrum serves to amplify or facilitate information processing in the cerebral cortex. The size and the complexity of the cerebral cortex varies dramatically across species. Some species have lissencephalic brains, with few cortical areas, while others have a greatly expanded cortex and many cortical areas. This evolutionary diversity in the cerebral cortex raises several questions about the claustrum. Does its volume expand in coordination with the expansion of cortex and does it acquire new functions related to the new cortical functions? Here we survey the organization of the claustrum in animals with large brains, including great apes and cetaceans. Our data suggest that the claustrum is not always a continuous structure. In monkeys and gorillas there are a few isolated islands of cells near the main body of the nucleus. In cetaceans, however, there are many isolated cell islands. These data suggest constraints on the possible function of the claustrum. Some authors propose that the claustrum has a more global role in perception or consciousness that requires intraclaustral integration of information. These theories postulate mechanisms like gap junctions between claustral cells or a “syncytium” to mediate intraclaustral processing. The presence of discontinuities in the structure of the claustrum, present but minimal in some primates, but dramatically clear in cetaceans, argues against the proposed mechanisms of intraclaustral processing of information. The best interpretation of function, then, is that each functional subdivision of the claustrum simply contributes to the function of its cortical partner.
Not All That Glitters

Although foreign subsidiaries usually perform better than the average of the hosting economies, empirical literature has also established that the selection effect is statistically significant. In this paper we attempt to evaluate its economic relevance, using a unique data set of annual financial reports by all medium and large Polish enterprises over the period 1995-2007. We match firms privatized with the use of foreign direct investment (FDI) to a control group of nonprivatized state-owned companies in order to disentangle the effect of self-selection and FDI entry. Evidence suggests that although FDI enters more frequently into companies that already participate in the international trading networks, roughly half the export intensity differential may be attributed to the entry of FDI. On the other hand, selection effects seem to dominate as far as efficiency is concerned, whereas only toward the end of the sample may the positive effect of FDI on profitability be confirmed.
Stock market and macro economic behavior in India

This paper reexamines the relationship between stock price and some key macro economic variables in India for the period 1991-2005 using monthly time series data. The study uses Granger non causality test procedure developed by Toda and Yamamoto(1995). The results of the study indicate that index of industrial production and inflation Granger cause stock price but stock price does not cause either of the two so the causation is unidirectional. The causal relation between stock price and money supply is unidirectional as stock price Granger cause money supply but money supply does not. On the other hand there is no causal relation between stock price and exchange rate. Similarly there is no causal linkage between gold price and stock price.
High performance pipelined FPGA implementation of the SHA-3 hash algorithm

The SHA-3 cryptographic hash algorithm is standardized in FIPS 202. We present a pipelined hardware architecture supporting all the four SHA-3 modes of operation and a high-performance implementation for FPGA devices that can support both multi-block and multi-message processing. Experimental results on different FPGA devices validate that the proposed design achieves significant throughput improvements compared to the available literature.
Contributions of cingulate cortex to two forms of spatial learning and memory

The contribution of anterior and posterior cingulate cortical areas to spatial learning and memory was examined in 4 experiments using the place-navigation task. Rats with complete bilateral cingulate cortex aspiration or aspiration of posterior cingulate cortex (area 29) alone could not swim directly to a hidden platform located in a fixed place. When animals with these lesions were tested for 40 d in a place- alternation task in which they received 16 daily trials with the platform placed in a new location each day, they did not show reliable improvement in place navigation. The inability to swim to changing locations or to a single location was not overcome by preoperative training in these tasks. Rats with anterior cingulate cortex aspirations showed a less severe impairment in both tasks and, with more training than is necessary for control rats, they acquired near- normal place-navigation accuracy. Rats with complete cingulate cortex aspiration were almost as accurate as control rats in learning to swim to a visible platform. The results imply that posterior cingulate areas play an essential role in the use of topographical information, probably by transmitting and elaborating information passing between the hippocampal system and neocortical association areas.
REPAYMENT PERFORMANCE OF GRAMEEN BANK BORROWERS: THE 'UNZIPPED' STATE / LA PERFORMANCE DE REMBOURSEMENT DES EMPRUNTEURS CHEZ LES GRAMEEN BANKS

This paper looks at the question of loan default under group credit arrangements based on data collected during 1994-95 in four Grameen Bank villages in Madhupur area in Bangladesh. Besides using a formal econometric model to delineate the factors associ ated with loan repayment behaviour of borrowers, the paper uses in-depth interviews to emphasise the ways in which the template of group credit contract might be vulnerable. More specifically, the paper draws attention to the need for information sharing among credit institutions operating in an area, the need to diversify the services offered and finally the need to find ways of financing 'joint-liability graduate' borrowers beyond the conven tional group collateral approach. LA PERFORMANCE DE REMBOURSEMENT DES EMPRUNTEURS CHEZ LES GRAMEEN BANKS
A Uniform Nonlinear Control Method for DC-DC Converters with Fast Transient Response

Much effort has been made to the switching surface control of buck converter. However, it remains a fundamental challenge to apply the same concepts and associated control techniques to converters with non-minimum-phase characteristics. A nonlinear control method for all basic DC-DC converters (ie buck converter, boost converter, buck-boost converter, C’ uk converter and SEPIC) is proposed by deriving a uniform switching surface. It retains the advantages of boundary control for buck converter with second-order switching surface. For example, the converters can reach steady state in two switching actions after being subjected to large-signal disturbances. The derivations are general-oriented and can determine the circuit variables needed in the switching function. The same controller is universally applicable to different converters operating in both continuous conduction and discontinuous conduction modes. The potential applications lie in power conversions which require fast response to line/load changes, such as the point of load (POL) converters in the distributed power conversion system, power conditioning stage of the conversion system supplied by renewable energy sources, and so on. Design procedures and performance of the proposed control method applied on a 190 W 48/48 V buck-boost converter prototype will presented and compared with theoretical predictions.