Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship privacy: output perturbation for queries with joins

We study privacy-preserving query answering over data containing relationships. A social network is a prime example of such data, where the nodes represent individuals and edges represent relationships. Nearly all interesting queries over social networks involve joins, and for such queries, existing output perturbation algorithms severely distort query answers. We propose an algorithm that significantly improves utility over competing techniques, typically reducing the error bound from polynomial in the number of nodes to polylogarithmic. The algorithm is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to answer such queries with acceptable accuracy, even for worst-case inputs. The improved utility is achieved by relaxing the privacy condition. Instead of ensuring strict differential privacy, we guarantee a weaker (but still quite practical) condition based on adversarial privacy. To explain precisely the nature of our relaxation in privacy, we provide a new result that characterizes the relationship between ε-indistinguishability~(a variant of the differential privacy definition) and adversarial privacy, which is of independent interest: an algorithm is ε-indistinguishable iff it is private for a particular class of adversaries (defined precisely herein). Our perturbation algorithm guarantees privacy against adversaries in this class whose prior distribution is numerically bounded.
The Effect of Illustration on Improving Text Comprehension in Dyslexic Adults

This study analyses the effect of pictures in reading materials on the viewing patterns of dyslexic adults. By analysing viewing patterns using eye‐tracking, we captured differences in eye movements between young adults with dyslexia and controls based on the influence of reading skill as a continuous variable of the total sample. Both types of participants were assigned randomly to view either text‐only or a text + picture stimuli. The results show that the controls made an early global overview of the material and (when a picture was present) rapid transitions between text and picture. Having text illustrated with a picture decreased scores on questions about the learning material among participants with dyslexia. Controls spent 1.7% and dyslexic participants 1% of their time on the picture. Controls had 24% fewer total fixations; however, 29% more of the control group's fixations than the dyslexic group's fixations were on the picture. We also looked for effects of different types of pictures. Dyslexic subjects exhibited a comparable viewing pattern to controls when scenes were complex, but fewer fixations when scenes were neutral/simple. Individual scan paths are presented as examples of atypical viewing patterns for individuals with dyslexia as compared with controls. © 2016 The Authors. Dyslexia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
EGO UTILITY, OVERCONFIDENCE, AND TASK CHOICE

This paper models behavior when a decision maker cares about and manages her self-image. In addition to having preferences over material outcomes, the agent derives â€œego utilityâ€ from positive views about her ability to do well in a skill-sensitive, â€œambitious,â€ task. Although she uses Bayes' rule to update beliefs, she tends to become overconfident regarding which task is appropriate for her. If tasks are equally informative about ability, her task choice is also overconfident. If the ambitious task is more informative about ability, she might initially display underconfidence in behavior, and, if she is disappointed by her performance, later become too ambitious. People with ego utility prefer to acquire free information in smaller pieces. Applications to employee motivation and other economic settings are discussed. (JEL: D83, D11) Copyright (c) 2006 by the European Economic Association.
Statistical precision of information retrieval evaluation

We introduce and validate bootstrap techniques to compute confidence intervals that quantify the effect of test-collection variability on average precision (AP) and mean average precision (MAP) IR effectiveness measures. We consider the test collection in IR evaluation to be a representative of a population of materially similar collections, whose documents are drawn from an infinite pool with similar characteristics. Our model accurately predicts the degree of concordance between system results on randomly selected halves of the TREC-6 ad hoc corpus. We advance a framework for statistical evaluation that uses the same general framework to model other sources of chance variation as a source of input for meta-analysis techniques.
Price Dispersion and Competition with Differentiated Sellers

I measure price dispersion among differentiated retail gasoline sellers and study the relationship between dispersion and the local competitive environment. Significant price dispersion exists even after controlling for differences in station characteristics, and price differences between sellers change frequently. The extent of price dispersion is related to the density of local competition, but this relationship varies significantly depending on the type of seller and the composition of its competitors. These findings are consistent with interactions between seller and consumer heterogeneity that are not well understood in the existing price dispersion literature.
Empowering leadership and LMX as the mediators between leader’s personality traits and constructive voice behavior

Purpose This paper aims to uncover the impact of leader’s personality traits, agreeableness conscientiousness and neuroticism, on employee’s constructive voice behavior via proposed sequential mediating impact of the empowering leadership and leader–member exchange (LMX). Design/methodology/approach The proposed model was examined by using the data collected from 262 service executives based in an Indian private sector, using the partial least square structural equation modeling method. This study uses SPSS Process macro (serial mediation model) to analyze the data collected. Findings Results of the study indicated the positive association of agreeableness and conscientiousness with empowering leadership, while neuroticism was found to be negatively related. The results also provided support for the mediating effect of the LMX between empowering leadership and constructive voice behavior. Further, the authors theorized and verified the sequential mediation model proposing the indirect effect between leader’s personality traits and constructive voice. Research limitations/ implications Self-reported measures were used for data collection which suffers from the limitation of socially biased responses. Lack of large sample size inhibits us from drawing widely accepted generalization. Practical implications The authors suggest that consideration of the personality traits might assist and help organizations in choosing empowering leaders. This assumes importance as notable indirect impact of empowering leadership on constructive voice (promotive voice and prohibitive voice) has been observed. The findings also suggest the nurturing quality that LMX plays an important role in facilitating constructive voice. Originality/value This study is first of its kind in understanding the mediating mechanism between empowering leadership and constructive voice. This study further explored serial mediation (i.e. empowering leadership and LMX together) between leader’s personality and constructive voice.
Dusty, Radiation Pressure-Dominated Photoionization. I. Model Description, Structure, and Grids

We present the implementation of dusty, radiation pressure-dominated photoionization models applicable to the narrow-line regions (NLRs) of active galactic nuclei, using the MAPPINGS III code. We give a grid of the predicted intensities of the most commonly used diagnostic spectral lines in the UV, optical, and IR, covering a wide range of density, metallicity, the power-law index characterizing the photoionizing source, and photoionization parameter, for use in the diagnosis of NLRs. We examine the temperature, density, and ionization structure of these models, investigating the effect of variation of these parameters in order to gain a better understanding of NLR clouds themselves.
Mesospheric dynamical changes induced by the solar proton events in October–November 2003

The Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIME‐GCM) was used to study the atmospheric dynamical influence of the solar protons that occurred in Oct–Nov 2003, the fourth largest period of solar proton events (SPEs) measured in the past 40 years. The highly energetic solar protons produced odd hydrogen (HOx) and odd nitrogen (NOy). Significant short‐lived ozone decreases (10–70%) followed these enhancements of HOx and NOy and led to a cooling of most of the lower mesosphere. Temperature changes up to ±2.6 K were computed as well as wind (zonal, meridional, vertical) perturbations up to 20–25% of the background winds as a result of the solar protons. The solar proton‐induced mesospheric temperature and wind perturbations diminished over a period of 4–6 weeks after the SPEs. The Joule heating in the mesosphere, induced by the solar protons, was computed to be relatively insignificant for these solar storms.
Commentary: The Rôle of Toxicology in Prevention and Precaution

Abstract Advocates of the Precautionary Principle have recently called for a “new science” to support the goals of precaution-based environmental and occupational health policy. While much attention has been given to epidemiology, the evidentiary science most relevant to precaution, or prevention, is toxicology. Opportunities for enhancing the rôle of toxicology in public policy must consider current biases in the field. Thus, rather than a “new science,” advocates for change should focus upon ensuring that current scientific methods are appropriate and that interpretations of scientific data are accurate.
Do economic resources play a role in bargaining child care in couples? Parental investment in cases of matching and mismatching gender ideologies in Germany

ABSTRACT This paper examines the factors associated with a gendered division of childcare among parents in Germany. While much is known on the gender division of housework in families and the economic and sociological factors that may be driving it, we still know relatively little about whether and how these factors may affect the division of unpaid childcare in families. We first assess the relevance of partner’s combined gender ideologies and relative resources on the division of unpaid childcare. Second, we assess whether the effect of economic resources may be contingent on the partners’ agreement or disagreement on gender ideologies concerning maternal employment. We address these questions using data from the German Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam) and MLM Growth Curve Models. Our findings consistently show a significant positive effect of partners’ combined gender ideologies and her share of income on his share of childcare. These effects are strongest, and robust, among couples with matching ideologies supporting maternal employment, which we term ‘egalitarian island’ couples. Economically efficient divisions of childcare thus appear dependent upon the couples’ ideological pairing and on mothers’ ideologies towards maternal employment.
Application of computational intelligence on fitting of micro-drill's main lips

A new approach based on BP neural network integrated with genetic algorithm for fitting of micro-drill's main lips is presented. The network structure is designed according to fitting equation, coordinates of micro-drill sampled points and constant 1 are taken as 3 inputs of network, 1 output is obtained, and the square of errors between the output and constant 0 is taken as performance index. Weights between input neurons and output neuron are tuned in the light of gradient descent mean, and stable weight values are obtained until the desired performance index is reached. In order to obtain global optimal solution, genetic algorithm is integrated in the linear BP NN, and expression coefficients of main lips line can be solved according to the weigh. Thus chips depth of micro-drills main lips can be measured easily. The approach has advantages of algorithm simple and higher precision over conventional approaches such as least square means and so on.
Analysis of hybrid selection/maximal-ratio combining in Rayleigh fading

The performance of a hybrid selection/maximal ratio combining (H-S/MRC) diversity system in a multipath-fading environment is analyzed. With H-S/MRC, L out of N diversity branches are selected and combined using maximal-ratio combining (MRC). This technique provides improved performance over L branch MRC when additional diversity is available, without requiring additional electronics and/or power. In particular, we consider independent Rayleigh fading on each diversity branch with equal signal-to-noise ratio averaged over the fading. We analyze this system using a "virtual branch" technique which results in a simple derivation and formula for the mean and the variance of the combiner output SNR for any L and N.
Learning high-dimensional directed acyclic graphs with latent and selection variables

We consider the problem of learning causal information between random variables in directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) when allowing arbitrarily many latent and selection variables. The FCI (Fast Causal Inference) algorithm has been explicitly designed to infer conditional independence and causal information in such settings. However, FCI is computationally infeasible for large graphs. We therefore propose the new RFCI algorithm, which is much faster than FCI. In some situations the output of RFCI is slightly less informative, in particular with respect to conditional independence information. However, we prove that any causal information in the output of RFCI is correct in the asymptotic limit. We also define a class of graphs on which the outputs of FCI and RFCI are identical. We prove consistency of FCI and RFCI in sparse high-dimensional settings, and demonstrate in simulations that the estimation performances of the algorithms are very similar. All software is implemented in the R-package pcalg.
Positive Mental Health Model Based on Authentic Leadership and Elements of Socialization

In this document, we propose a theoretical model of occupational positive mental health that relates it to elements of organizational socialization (formation and coworkers support) and characteristics of authentic leadership (transparency in relationships, balanced processing and internalized morality), generating in the workers first, the improvement of the interpersonal relations in the work and the development of the strengths in the work, and these facilitate the empowerment in the tasks when combined with elements of socialization, generating personal well-being and allowing to form in the workers a philosophy of working life. In general, it is proposed that it is based on education and learning, which seeks to facilitate an adaptation to the organization with perceptions of equity, and to develop positive mental health at work and its subsequent benefits. This model is proposed with the purpose of developing empirical tests that verify their relationships. The positive results could serve as a basis for interventions and develop new lines of research for the future of these fields of study.
Optimal Placement of Energy Storage Devices in Microgrids via Structure Preserving Energy Function

As system transient stability is one of the most important criterions of microgrid (MG) security operation, and the performance of an MG strongly depends on the placement of its energy storage devices (ESDs); optimal placement of ESDs for improving system transient stability is required for MGs. An MG structure preserving energy function is first developed for voltage source inverter-based MGs since the existing energy functions, based on synchronous generators and the conventional power system, are not applicable for MGs. The concept of internal potential energy of distributed energy resource is presented instead of the kinetic energy term in traditional energy function. Then, a novel approach for the optimal placement of ESDs is proposed based on MG structure preserving energy function for improving MG transient stability. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can be used to find the optimal placement of ESDs and improve the system stability effectively.
The Citrus Flavone Nobiletin Reduces Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Labour Mediators in Fetal Membranes and Myometrium: Implications for Preterm Birth

Spontaneous preterm birth is the leading cause of infant death and of neurological disabilities in survivors. A significant proportion of spontaneous preterm births are associated with infection. Infection activates inflammation which induces a cascade of events that leads to myometrial contractions and rupture of fetal membranes. In non-gestational tissues, the citrus flavone nobiletin has been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, in this study, we sought to determine the effect of nobiletin on pro-inflammatory mediators in human fetal membranes and myometrium. Human fetal membranes and myometrium were treated with bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the absence or presence of nobiletin. In addition, the effect of nobiletin in fetal membranes taken from spontaneous preterm deliveries with and without infection (i.e. histological chorioamnionitis) was also examined. In human fetal membranes and myometrium, nobiletin significantly decreased LPS-stimulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) and MMP-9 expression and pro-MMP-9 secretion. Additionally, nobiletin significantly decreased COX-2 expression and subsequent prostaglandin (PG) E2 production. Notably, nobiletin was also able to reduce the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMP-9 in fetal membranes taken from women after spontaneous preterm birth. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that nobiletin can reduce infection-induced pro-inflammatory mediators in human fetal membranes and myometrium. These in vitro studies further support the increasing volume and quality of evidence that high fruit and vegetable intake in pregnancy is associated with a decreased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
A Quasi-Experimental Design Analysis of the Effects of School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports on Discipline in Florida

School discipline continues to be a challenge for schools, resulting in loss of instructional time for both teachers and students. With respect to discipline actions, school suspension is one of the most widely used, yet research continues to demonstrate an empirical link between receipt of suspension and poor student outcomes, including increased risk of dropping out of school. Therefore, interventions with empirical support for reducing school-wide disciplinary actions are needed. This study examined the effect of school-wide positive behavior interventions and supports (SWPBIS) on disciplinary actions using quasi-experimental design analysis. We (propensity score) matched 593 Florida schools implementing SWPBIS with fidelity with 593 Florida schools that have never been trained. Overall, we found statistically significantly fewer out-of-school suspensions for students with disabilities and Black students within schools implementing SWPBIS with fidelity and an effect size of −0.55, indicating meaningful improvements.
Genetic Diversity of EBV-Encoded LMP1 in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study and Implication for NF-Κb Activation

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several types of cancers including Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), a multifunctional oncoprotein, is a powerful activator of the transcription factor NF-κB, a property that is essential for EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell survival. Previous studies reported LMP1 sequence variations and induction of higher NF-κB activation levels compared to the prototype B95-8 LMP1 by some variants. Here we used biopsies of EBV-associated cancers and blood of individuals included in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) to analyze LMP1 genetic diversity and impact of sequence variations on LMP1-mediated NF-κB activation potential. We found that a number of variants mediate higher NF-κB activation levels when compared to B95-8 LMP1 and mapped three single polymorphisms responsible for this phenotype: F106Y, I124V and F144I. F106Y was present in all LMP1 isolated in this study and its effect was variant dependent, suggesting that it was modulated by other polymorphisms. The two polymorphisms I124V and F144I were present in distinct phylogenetic groups and were linked with other specific polymorphisms nearby, I152L and D150A/L151I, respectively. The two sets of polymorphisms, I124V/I152L and F144I/D150A/L151I, which were markers of increased NF-κB activation in vitro, were not associated with EBV-associated HL in the SHCS. Taken together these results highlighted the importance of single polymorphisms for the modulation of LMP1 signaling activity and demonstrated that several groups of LMP1 variants, through distinct mutational paths, mediated enhanced NF-κB activation levels compared to B95-8 LMP1.
Two loop QCD corrections to semileptonic b decays at maximal recoil

We present a complete $O(\alpha_s^2)$ correction to the differential width of the inclusive semileptonic decay $b\to cl\nu_l$ at the kinematical point of vanishing invariant mass of the leptons, $q^2=0$. Together with the recently computed $O(\alpha_s^2)$ correction at the upper boundary of the lepton invariant mass spectrum, this new information permits an estimate of the $O(\alpha_s^2)$ effect in the total inclusive semileptonic decay width $b\to cl\nu_l$. We argue that the non-BLM part of the $O(\alpha_s^2)$ correction gives at most 1% correction to the inclusive semileptonic decay width $b\to cl\nu_l$. This significantly improves the credibility of extracting $|V_{cb}|$ from the inclusive semileptonic decays of the b-hadrons.
A Unified Framework for Trees, Multi-Dimensional Scaling and Planar Graphs

Least squares trees, multi-dimensional scaling and Neighbor Nets are all different and popular ways of visualizing multi-dimensional data. The method of flexi-Weighted Least Squares (fWLS) is a powerful method of fitting phylogenetic trees, when the exact form of errors is unknown. Here, both polynomial and exponential weights are used to model errors. The exact same models are implemented for multi-dimensional scaling to yield flexi-Weighted MDS, including as special cases methods such as the Sammon Stress function. Here we apply all these methods to population genetic data looking at the relationships of "Abrahams Children" encompassing Arabs and now widely dispersed populations of Jews, in relation to an African outgroup and a variety of European populations. Trees, MDS and Neighbor Nets of this data are compared within a common likelihood framework and the strengths and weaknesses of each method are explored. Because the errors in this type of data can be complex, for example, due to unexpected genetic transfer, we use a residual resampling method to assess the robustness of trees and the Neighbor Net. Despite the Neighbor Net fitting best by all criteria except BIC, its structure is ill defined following residual resampling. In contrast, fWLS trees are favored by BIC and retain considerable strong internal structure following residual resampling. This structure clearly separates various European and Middle Eastern populations, yet it is clear all of the models have errors much larger than expected by sampling variance alone.