Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in beta- lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae by patient surveillance cultures at an intensive care unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Introduction: The increasing incidence of multi-resistant microorganisms has been considered a public health problem. One of the routines included in hospital practice is the screening of colonized and/or infected patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability and clonal relationships of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae, from surveillance cultures, at an intensive care unit, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Material and methods: Seventy K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from rectal swabs (March 2013 to March 2014). Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by VITEK 2 System. Resistant genes bla SHV , bla TEM , bla OXA-1 , bla KPC , bla OXA-48 , bla CTX-M-15 , bla VIM , bla IMP and bla NDM were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); genetic diversity, by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR). Results: Strains showed high resistance rates to cefepime (94%), ceftazidime (96%), ertapenem (61%), imipenem (54%) meropenem (43%) and ciprofloxacin (69%). The most prevalent genes were bla SHV (69%), bla TEM (63%), bla OXA-1 (60%), bla KPC (57%), bla CTX-M-15 (47%), bla OXA-48 (16%). Genes bla VIM , bla IMP and bla NDM were not detected. Twenty nine profiles of resistance genes were observed, with 23% carrying at least five genes. A great genetic diversity (68 ERIC profiles) was also observed among the strains. Conclusion: Although no clonal relationship was observed within the isolates, this study revealed alarming data on the antimicrobial resistance deficiently monitored for preventive purposes in Brazil. Our data allow us to conclude that the inclusion of surveillance cultures in health facilities is a recommended strategy aiming particularly at preventing the spread of resistance genes in the hospital environment and, consequently, reducing morbidity and mortality.
A VLA Study of 15 3CR Radio Galaxies

We present VLA radio maps in total intensity and polarization at 1.4, 4.9, and 8.4 GHz of 15 3CR radio galaxies for which good maps showing the large-scale radio structure have not previously been available. Previously unknown cores are detected in several sources, and a bright one-sided jet in 3C 287.1 is mapped for the first time; several other jetlike features are also imaged. Total and core fluxes are tabulated, and radio core positions are listed and compared to optical positions. The galaxy at the optical position listed for 3C 169.1 is found to lie farther from the radio core position than another dimmer, bluer galaxy. We discuss individual sources in some detail.
“Now here come the pills that are going to save your life”: pharmacists' discussions of antiretroviral drugs in a context of life and death

Abstract HIV/AIDS has associated cultural and social meanings which shape communication. The disease is closely linked to the concepts of life and death. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has brought hope and life, but its success is heavily dependent on strict adherence. Research has shown that patients and health professionals often find it difficult to talk about these topics. However, there is little research available which focuses on health professionals’ and patients’ discussion of ART. This paper thus presents some exploratory discussion of extracts from pharmacy interactions in an HIV context which illustrate how pharmacists talk about antiretrovirals (ARVs) with patients with particular reference to the concepts of life and death. Data are taken from 26 video pharmacist–patient interactions recorded in a South African HIV/AIDS pharmacy. A hybrid qualitative analytic approach enabled identification of three types of references to ART, including the need to take ART “for the rest of your life”, ART as “saving your life” and ART as “making you better”. Explicit references to death were infrequent. These references were often emphatic and there are several potential reasons for this. The pharmacists' communication appears to be influenced by the urgency of the disease, a desire to give patients hope and a need to “normalise” discussions of death and HIV. The importance of ensuring understanding of ARV dosage instructions and discouraging patients from seeking traditional healing also appears to affect communication. The disease, societal and cultural contexts are thus shown to be significant influences which shape discussions of ART. This study has a number of practical implications, which are discussed.
Numerical simulation of the effect of baffle spacing to the effectiveness of a shell and tube heat exchanger

Heat Exchanger is an important equipment in engineering application. In order to improve the efficiency of a heat exchanger many modifications can be promoted such as baffles. The objective of the present study is to explore the effect of baffle spacing to the effectiveness of a heat exchanger. A U-tube type of shell and tube heat exchanger has been analysed numerically using a commercial code of computational fluid dynamic. The baffle spacing is varied from 40 mm, 50 mm and 60 mm. The temperature distribution, path line and vector velocity are plotted and discussed. The temperature effectiveness and the heat transfer rate of the heat exchanger is then examined. The results show that the smaller baffle spacing results in higher thermal effectiveness.
Cooperation and Contagion in Web-Based, Networked Public Goods Experiments

A longstanding idea in the literature on human cooperation is that cooperation should be reinforced when conditional cooperators are more likely to interact. In the context of social networks, this idea implies that cooperation should fare better in highly clustered networks such as cliques than in networks with low clustering such as random networks. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a series of experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk, in which 24 individuals played a local public goods game arranged on one of five network topologies that varied between disconnected cliques and a random regular graph. In contrast with previous work, we found that network topology had no significant effect on average contributions. This result implies either that individuals are not conditional cooperators, or else that cooperation does not benefit from positive reinforcement between connected neighbors. We then tested both of these possibilities in two subsequent series of experiments in which artificial "seed" players were introduced, making either full or zero contributions. First, we found that although players did generally behave like conditional cooperators, they were as likely to decrease their contributions in response to low contributing neighbors as they were to increase their contributions in response to high contributing neighbors. Second, we found that positive effects of cooperation did not spread beyond direct neighbors in the network. In total we report on 113 human subjects experiments, highlighting the speed, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness of web-based experiments over those conducted in physical labs.
Isolated coronary artery bypass grafting in extracorporeal circulation in patients over 65 years old – does age still matter?

Introduction Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is conducted more and more commonly in patients in advanced age. Aim of the study To analyze the influence of age and concurrent risk factors on the complications and early mortality after CABG. Material and methods Medical records of 2194 patients were analyzed retrospectively. A group of 1303 patients who had undergone isolated CABG was selected. 106 (4.8%) patients were excluded due to missing data in their medical records. The remaining 1197 patients were divided into two subgroups by age: 1st group < 65 years (n = 662; 55.3%); 2nd group ≥ 65 years (n = 535; 44.7%). Results The total 30-day mortality was 3.93% and was six times higher in the older group (1.21 vs. 7.29%; p < 0.001). Complications were observed in 176 (14.70%) patients, more often in the older group (10.42% vs. 20.0%; p < 0.001). In this group all kinds of complications were noted more often and in particular: postoperative myocardial infarction (1.96% vs. 5.42%; p = 0.001), respiratory dysfunction (1.36% vs. 4.11%; p = 0.005), neurological complications (1.81% vs. 3.74%; p = 0.04) and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (0.30% vs. 1.68%, p = 0.03). The older patients required longer time under mechanical ventilation (24.0 ± 27.9 vs. 37.0 ± 74.1 hours; p = 0.004) and stayed longer in the intensive care unit: 2.5 ± 3.0 vs. 4.1 ± 7.84 days; p < 0.001. Independent predictors of death were: female sex [OR (95% CI) = 2.4 (1.2-4.5)], age ≥ 65 years [OR = 4.9 (2.1-11.1)], eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 [OR = 2.2 (1.0-4.7)], time at extracorporeal circulation > 72 minutes [OR = 5.5 (2.7-10.9)] and left main stem stenosis (> 50%) [OR = 2.4 (1.3-4.6)]. Conclusions Age still significantly influences postoperative complications and mortality after isolated CABG.
Neuroradiologic Features in X-linked α-Thalassemia/Mental Retardation Syndrome

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: X-linked α-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome (Mendelian Inheritance in Man, 301040) is one of the X-linked intellectual disability syndromes caused by mutations of the ATRX gene and characterized by male predominance, central hypotonic facies, severe cognitive dysfunction, hemoglobin H disease (α-thalassemia), genital and skeletal abnormalities, and autistic and peculiar behavior. More than 200 patients in the world, including >70 Japanese patients, have been diagnosed with ATR-X syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the brain MRI and/or CT findings of 27 Japanese patients with ATR-X with ATRX mutations retrospectively. RESULTS: The findings were categorized into 5 types: 1) nonspecific brain atrophy (17/27); 2) white matter abnormalities, especially around the trigones (11/27); 3) widespread and scattered white matter abnormalities (1/27); 4) delayed myelination (4/27); and 5) severe and rapidly progressive cortical brain atrophy (1/27). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report on a comprehensive study of brain MRI/CT findings of ATR-X syndrome. Our findings suggest that the ATRX protein seems to be involved in normal myelination. The classification will require revisions in the near future, but it will be helpful in establishing the relationship between ATRX mutation and brain development and understanding the ATRX protein function in the brain.
Identification and dietary relevance of antioxidants from raspberry

In this paper we review the current literature on antioxidants from fruit of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and place these in context concerning what is known from other food species. The review concentrates on the methods of antioxidant testing, the diversity of antioxidants in raspberry, effects of ripeness, cultivar, storage and processing techniques, and the bioavailability of raspberry antioxidants in humans after eating the fruit. It is clear that raspberry, like several other fruits and vegetables such as tomato, strawberry, kiwi and broccoli, represents a valuable contrasting source of potentially healthy compounds and can represent an important component of a balanced diet.
Treatment of Thyroid Dysfunctions Decreases the Risk of Cerebrovascular Events in Men but Not in Women: Results of the MONICA/KORA Cohort Study

Objective Thyroid disorders are well known to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. Some studies have shown that the negative effects of thyroid disorders are partially reversible after adequate treatment. The aim of this analysis was to assess the risk of incident ischemic cerebrovascular diseases in study participants treated for thyroid dysfunctions in a population-based cohort study. Methods For the presented analyses data from 8564 male and 8714 female individuals aged 25 to 74 years of the MONICA/KORA cohort were used (median follow-up 14.0 years). A combined binary variable “thyroid disorder” (TDC) was created utilizing data on self-reported physician-treated thyroid disorders and information about medication use. To examine the association between TDC and incident ischemic cerebrovascular events, we performed multiple adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models and calculated hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (HR, 95%CI). Results During follow-up between 1984 and 2008/2009, 514 incident fatal and non-fatal ischemic cerebrovascular events occurred in men and 323 in women. At baseline, 3.5% of men and 15.6% of women reported TDC. In the fully adjusted model, males who reported TDC had a significantly reduced risk of ischemic cerebrovascular events (HR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.29–0.92). A similar result was obtained in men, when we utilized information on thyroid hormones use only. For the total study population and for women with TDC we found no association with ischemic cerebrovascular events. Conclusions In our longitudinal analyses subjects with treated thyroid diseases had no increased risk of incident ischemic cerebrovascular events. Surprisingly in males, even a significantly reduced risk of incident ischemic cerebrovascular events was found, a result that deserves further clarification.
Spirometry use in children hospitalized with asthma

Asthma is the most common chronic disorder of childhood and continues to be a leading cause of pediatric hospital admission. The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) recommends that spirometry be obtained for asthma patients upon hospital admission, after bronchodilation during the acute phase of asthma symptoms, and at least one additional time before discharge from the hospital. The objectives of this study were to describe the use of spirometry in children hospitalized with asthma and to determine association of pulmonary function with future exacerbations. A retrospective cohort study design was utilized involving review of medical records of children ≥5 years old admitted with asthma to Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center from September 1, 2009 to March 31, 2011. Hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visits were identified by the ICD‐9‐CM codes of having either a primary diagnosis of asthma (493) or a respiratory illness (460–496) plus a secondary diagnosis of asthma. Asthma re‐exacerbation was defined as either having an ED visit or hospitalization for asthma that occurred within 3 months after the index hospitalization. All spirometries were performed in a pediatric pulmonary function laboratory. Among 1,037 admissions included in this study, 89 (8.6%) had spirometry that was recommended by a consulting asthma specialist and usually performed on the day of discharge. Spirometries for forty‐five of these patients (54.9%) met all acceptability and repeatability criteria of the American Thoracic Society. Patients who performed acceptable spirometry were significantly older (12.4 ± 3.8 vs. 10.7 ± 3.0 years; P = 0.041). The average forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was 84.4 ± 19.7% predicted; forced vital capacity (FVC) was 98.1 ± 16.0% predicted; FEV1/FVC was 74.6 ± 9.6%; forced expiratory flow at 25–75% (FEF25–75) was 61.2 ± 30.1% predicted. Ten patients (22%) who performed spirometry developed a re‐exacerbation. Patients with versus without re‐exacerbation had significantly lower FEV1/FVC (P = 0.027) and FEF25–75 (P = 0.031). Nevertheless, separate logistic regression models found that FEV1/FVC and FEF25–75 were not associated with re‐exacerbation when adjusted for age and length‐of‐stay. We found that few children admitted with asthma had spirometry as recommended in the NAEPP guidelines unless recommended by specialists and both lower lung function (FEV1/FVC and FEF25–75) and history of more frequent and more recent prior health‐care utilization for asthma were associated with repeat asthma exacerbation. However, the value of performing spirometry on asthmatic children prior to hospital discharge remains unclear and will require prospective study. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:451–457. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of frontal plane knee excursion during a drop land in young female soccer players.

STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study using a cross-sectional, single testing session. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between frontal plane knee excursion during a drop land task and measures of hip strength, and ankle and hip range of motion. BACKGROUND Assessment of frontal plane knee excursion during a drop land task has been advocated as a means to screen for potentially injurious lower extremity movement patterns. Accordingly, an understanding of the physical characteristics associated with the magnitude of frontal plane knee excursion could assist clinicians in developing interventions and prevention strategies to minimize injury risk. METHODS AND MEASURES Thirty-nine female high school soccer players (mean +/- SD age, 15.5 +/- 1.0 years; height, 162.2 +/- 5.3 cm; body mass, 56.8 +/- 6.7 kg) participated. Isometric hip muscle strength as well as ankle and hip range of motion measurements were obtained using standard clinical procedures and a handheld dynamometer. Frontal plane knee excursion was assessed using a 6-camera motion analysis system during a drop land task. Using 3-dimensional coordinate data, maximum frontal plane knee excursion was defined as the difference between the distances of right and left lateral knee markers at initial contact and maximum knee flexion during the deceleration phase of landing. Independent variables found to be significantly correlated with frontal plane knee excursion were then entered into a stepwise multiple regression procedure to determine the best set of predictors of this motion. RESULTS Hip external rotation range of motion and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion were found to be negatively correlated with frontal plane knee excursion (r=-0.40, P=.005 and r=-0.27, P=.05, respectively). Together they accounted for 27% of the variance in frontal plane knee excursion (r=0.52, P=.03). No relationships between measures of hip strength and frontal plane knee excursion were found. CONCLUSIONS Frontal plane knee excursion during a drop land task was partially attributed to available range of motion at the hip and ankle. These results suggest that range of motion of the joints proximal and distal to the knee should be considered when evaluating individuals who present with excessive frontal plane knee excursion during this task. Given that the relationship between range of motion and frontal plane knee excursion was small, other factors, including learned motor patterns, should be considered.
A concentric tube anchor system for fiber-reinforced polymer retrofit of reinforced concrete structural walls under extreme loads

In reinforced concrete elements strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer sheets, premature debonding of the fiber-reinforced polymer from the concrete substrate occurs due to lack of anchorage, which reduces the efficiency of the retrofitting system. This article reviews several common anchor systems and describes the development, optimization, and testing of a steel tube anchor in retrofit of reinforced concrete structural elements using externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer sheets suitable for application to improve resistance against extreme load conditions (e.g. blast, impact, or an earthquake). A detailed review of common anchor designs including the proposed tube anchor based on previous studies on flexure-dominated fiber-reinforced polymer-strengthened reinforced concrete shear walls is presented. In this study, finite element analysis is conducted to verify the observed behavior and better understand the deformation mechanisms of the tube anchor. Finite element modeling is then used to evaluate the influence of different design parameters on its performance and propose a design methodology that can be used to optimize the tube anchor design. To verify the performance of the optimized tube anchor, it is tested in an experimental program on the in-plane seismic strengthening of two shear-dominated squat walls strengthened using fiber-reinforced polymer sheets. Experimental results reveal that the optimized tube anchor performs well in preventing premature debonding and allows the fiber-reinforced polymer composite to achieve a higher level of strain when compared to an alternative anchor system. Finally, a set of design steps for the implementation of the tube anchor in fiber-reinforced polymer retrofit applications for reinforced concrete shear walls are presented.
Generating Training Data for Semantic Role Labeling based on Label Transfer from Linked Lexical Resources

We present a new approach for generating role-labeled training data using Linked Lexical Resources, i.e., integrated lexical resources that combine several resources (e.g., Word-Net, FrameNet, Wiktionary) by linking them on the sense or on the role level. Unlike resource-based supervision in relation extraction, we focus on complex linguistic annotations, more specifically FrameNet senses and roles. The automatically labeled training data (www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/knowledge-based-srl/) are evaluated on four corpora from different domains for the tasks of word sense disambiguation and semantic role classification. Results show that classifiers trained on our generated data equal those resulting from a standard supervised setting.
Hyperthreading Technology in the Netburst Microarchitecture

Hyperthreading technology, which brings the concept of simultaneous multithreading to the Intel architecture, was first introduced on the Intel Xeon processor in early 2002 for the server market. In November 2002, Intel launched the technology on the Intel Pentium 4 at clock frequencies of 3.06 GHz and higher, making the technology widely available to the consumer market. This technology signals a new direction in microarchitecture development and fundamentally changes the cost-benefit tradeoffs of microarchitecture design choices. This article describes how the technology works, that is, how we make a single physical processor appear as multiple logical processors to operating systems and software. We highlight the additional structures and die area needed to implement the technology and discuss the fundamental ideas behind the technology and why we can get a 25-percent boost in performance from a technology that costs less than 5 percent in added die area. We illustrate the importance of choosing the right sharing policy for each shared resource by describing, examining, and comparing three different sharing policies: partitioned resources, threshold sharing, and full sharing. The choice of policy depends on the traffic pattern, complexity and size of the resource, potential deadlock/livelock scenarios, and other considerations. Finally, we show how this technology significantly improves performance on several relevant workloads.