Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethnic identity, ego identity, and psychological well‐being among mixed‐ethnic Arab‐European adolescents in Israel

This study explored the relationship between ethnic identity, ego identity, and psychological wellbeing among mixed-ethnic adolescents with European mothers and Arab fathers in Israel. One hundred and twenty-seven mixed-ethnic adolescents (13 to 18 years) were instructed to respond to a modified version of Phinney's (1992) Multigroup ethnic identity measure (MEIM), to Bennion and Adams' (1986) ego identity measure (EOM-EIS) and to Ryff's (1999) psychological well-being scale. It was found that Arab and European ethnic identities, composed of ethnic behaviours, affirmation and belonging, and achievement of a sense of oneself as part of an ethnic group, were significantly positively correlated with participants' psychological well-being. Findings revealed also that the ego identity statuses Achievement and Moratorium were associated with higher levels of psychological well-being, while the statuses Foreclosure and Diffusion were associated with lower levels of well-being. Arab and European ethnic identities and ego identity were found to be formed independently among the participants.
Selective induction of neocortical GABAergic neurons by the PDK1-Akt pathway through activation of Mash1

Extracellular stimuli regulate neuronal differentiation and subtype specification during brain development, although the intracellular signaling pathways that mediate these processes remain largely unclear. We now show that the PDK1-Akt pathway regulates differentiation of telencephalic neural precursor cells (NPCs). Active Akt promotes differentiation of NPC into γ-aminobutyric acid-containing (GABAergic) but not glutamatergic neurons. Disruption of the Pdk1 gene or expression of dominant-negative forms of Akt suppresses insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 enhancement of NPC differentiation into neurons in vitro and production of neocortical GABAergic neurons in vivo. Furthermore, active Akt increased the protein levels and transactivation activity of Mash1, a proneural basic helix-loop-helix protein required for the generation of neocortical GABAergic neurons, and Mash1 was required for Akt-induced neuronal differentiation. These results have unveiled an unexpected role of the PDK1-Akt pathway: a key mediator of extracellular signals regulating the production of neocortical GABAergic neurons.
Impact of imposed drying on deep convection in a cloud‐resolving model

[1] This study uses a cloud-resolving model under the weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation to explore the response of deep convection to imposed drying. The drying, intended to mimic horizontal advection of dry air, is imposed as a linear relaxation of the humidity field toward zero within a specified layer. Radiative cooling and sea surface temperature are held constant and there is no mean vertical shear in the integrations. The statistically steady responses to drying in the lower, middle, and upper free troposphere are compared. The rain rate decreases with drying when that drying is imposed in the lower or middle free troposphere, more strongly so for lower tropospheric drying. The decrease in rainfall is linearly proportional to the drying to a good approximation. Upper-tropospheric drying has almost no impact on the rain rate. For lower-tropospheric drying, the decrease in rain rate with drying can be well explained by assuming that both an appropriately defined normalized gross moist stability and surface turbulent fluxes remain constant as drying varies. For middle- and upper-tropospheric drying, the normalized gross moist stability decreases with drying, allowing the precipitation to decrease less rapidly or not at all. The variations in normalized gross moist stability in turn result from changes in the large-scale vertical motion profiles. These are top-heavy for weak or no drying, becoming somewhat less so as the strength of the drying increases. Over most of the range of drying strengths, the changes to the shape of the vertical motion profile are greatest for upper tropospheric drying and smallest for lower tropospheric drying. For very strong lower tropospheric drying, however, the vertical motion profile becomes bottom-heavy and the normalized gross moist stability becomes negative.
False memories in patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS)

We assessed the propensity for false memories among patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Twenty-one patients with OSAS and 21 controls matched for sex, age and education were recruited. At encoding, an adaptation of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm was used to induce false memories. At retrieval, participants completed a forced-choice recognition task to distinguish memories based on verbatim traces from those based on gist traces. When the task encouraged retrieval based on either gist or verbatim traces, the groups performed similarly. However, when the task required retrieval based solely on verbatim traces, OSAS patients exhibited poor discrimination and produced more false memories. Our finding that OSAS leads to an increased propensity to produce false memories is discussed within the framework of both fuzzy-trace theory and activation-monitoring theory.
Principal Component Analysis Characterizes Shared Pathogenetics from Genome-Wide Association Studies

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have recently revealed many genetic associations that are shared between different diseases. We propose a method, disPCA, for genome-wide characterization of shared and distinct risk factors between and within disease classes. It flips the conventional GWAS paradigm by analyzing the diseases themselves, across GWAS datasets, to explore their “shared pathogenetics”. The method applies principal component analysis (PCA) to gene-level significance scores across all genes and across GWASs, thereby revealing shared pathogenetics between diseases in an unsupervised fashion. Importantly, it adjusts for potential sources of heterogeneity present between GWAS which can confound investigation of shared disease etiology. We applied disPCA to 31 GWASs, including autoimmune diseases, cancers, psychiatric disorders, and neurological disorders. The leading principal components separate these disease classes, as well as inflammatory bowel diseases from other autoimmune diseases. Generally, distinct diseases from the same class tend to be less separated, which is in line with their increased shared etiology. Enrichment analysis of genes contributing to leading principal components revealed pathways that are implicated in the immune system, while also pointing to pathways that have yet to be explored before in this context. Our results point to the potential of disPCA in going beyond epidemiological findings of the co-occurrence of distinct diseases, to highlighting novel genes and pathways that unsupervised learning suggest to be key players in the variability across diseases.
An empirical exploration of the dimensionality of inter‐employee trust in police organizations

Purpose – The police force in the USA is a unique organizational type that combines structural traits of military and professional bureaucracy. The specifics of police work require high levels of trust between employees on all hierarchical levels. This paper aims to construct a viable measurement tool that will help law enforcement administration diagnose and change the state of trust in their agency.Design/methodology/approach – Exploratory factor analysis along with multiple regressions and reliability calculations are used in order to understand the elements comprising the structure of organizational trust in a police agency. The data were collected from a large law enforcement agency in the Midwest of the United States of America.Findings – The organizational trust questionnaire (OTQ) is comprised of six dimensions: individual propensity to trust others; individual propensity to distrust others; perceptions of co‐workers' character and behavior; friendships outside of the organization; perceptions of .
Quantitative Analysis of Endocytic Recycling of Membrane Proteins by Monoclonal Antibody‐Based Recycling Assays

In this report, we present an analysis of several recycling protocols based on labeling of membrane proteins with specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We analyzed recycling of membrane proteins that are internalized by clathrin‐dependent endocytosis, represented by the transferrin receptor, and by clathrin‐independent endocytosis, represented by the Major Histocompatibility Class I molecules. Cell surface membrane proteins were labeled with mAbs and recycling of mAb:protein complexes was determined by several approaches. Our study demonstrates that direct and indirect detection of recycled mAb:protein complexes at the cell surface underestimate the recycling pool, especially for clathrin‐dependent membrane proteins that are rapidly reinternalized after recycling. Recycling protocols based on the capture of recycled mAb:protein complexes require the use of the Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated secondary antibodies or FITC‐conjugated secondary antibodies in combination with inhibitors of endosomal acidification and degradation. Finally, protocols based on the capture of recycled proteins that are labeled with Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated primary antibodies and quenching of fluorescence by the anti‐Alexa Fluor 488 displayed the same quantitative assessment of recycling as the antibody‐capture protocols. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 463–476, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reflection on Kashubek-West, Szymanski, and Meyer's Major Contribution

This reflection considers themes emerging from the Major Contribution on internalized heterosexism (IH), focusing on unexpected potentials emerging from the literature reviewed and research done. It discusses the importance of understanding multiple identities, intersections of social locations, and cultural coping strategies as a means of seeing resilience in the face of cultural and internalized stigma. It also examines questions of directionality of vulnerability that might contribute to higher rates of IH in some individuals.
General Operads and Multicategories

Notions of `operad' and `multicategory' abound. This work provides a single framework in which many of these various notions can be expressed. Explicitly: given a monad * on a category S, we define the term `(S,*)-multicategory', subject to certain conditions on S and *. Different choices of S and * give some of the existing notions of operad and multicategory. We then describe the `algebras' for an (S,*)-multicategory and, finally, present a tentative selection of further developments. Our approach makes possible concise descriptions of Baez and Dolan's opetopes and Batanin's operads; both of these are included.
Research across cultures, within countries: Hidden ethics tensions in research with children and families?

There is a substantial academic literature on ethics in research with children and young people in low income or economically developing countries, emphasizing the need to be aware of special cultural and social considerations. However, considerations of culture and ethnicity are not particular to development studies. This article draws on examples from my own UK research with children, young people and families, alongside a wider academic literature, to reflect on the need to address ethics considerations in relation to culture and ethnicity when working within ethnically and culturally diverse societies.
Evidence for the Performance Benefits of Guided Training Methods

The project or effort described here has been partially sponsored by the U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command (RDECOM). Statements and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the United States Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors wish to acknowledge that some sections of this chapter have been drawn from previously published manuscripts or technical reports and were used by permission, and we wish to acknowledge our debt to Dr. David Feldon for some of the material in the discussion of adaptable learning.
Sibling Child Sexual Abuse Research Review and Clinical Implications

SUMMARY Although sex play is a part of normal childhood development, some sexual activity may be coerced or forced and may have negative long-term consequences and, thus, be considered abusive. However, childhood sexual abuse perpetrated by siblings, cousins, or peers receives relatively little attention from either researchers or practitioners. In the present article, the literature on sibling child sexual abuse is critically reviewed, and particular attention is focused on defining sibling sexual abuse, and determining its scope and effects. Clinical Implications are derived as well. Although the article focuses on sibling sexual abuse, the concepts considered here also apply to other forms of same-age (or near same-age) child sexual relationships.
A Thermal Energy Harvesting Power Supply With an Internal Startup Circuit for Pacemakers

A complete thermal energy harvesting power supply for implantable pacemakers is presented in this paper. The designed power supply includes an internal startup and does not need any external reference voltage. The startup circuit includes a prestartup charge pump (CP) and a startup boost converter. The prestartup CP consists of an ultralow-voltage oscillator followed by a high-efficiency modified Dickson. Forward body biasing is used to effectively reduce the MOS threshold voltages as well as the supply voltage in oscillator and CP. The steady-state circuit includes a high-efficiency boost converter that utilizes a modified maximum powerpoint tracking scheme. The system is designed so that no failure occurs under overload conditions. Using this approach, a thermal energy harvesting power supply has been designed using 180-nm CMOS technology. According to HSPICE simulation results, the circuit operates from input voltages as low as 40 mV provided from a thermoelectric generator and generates output voltages up to 3 V. A maximum power of 130 μW can be obtained from the output of the boost converter, which means that its efficiency is 60%. A minimum voltage of 60 mV and a maximum time of 400 ms are needed for the circuit to start up.
The apparent time construct

ABSTRACT The use of apparent time differences to study language change in progress has been a basic analytical construct in quantitative sociolinguistics for over 30 years. The basic assumption underlying the construct is that, unless there is evidence to the contrary, differences among generations of similar adults mirror actual diachronic developments in a language: the speech of each generation is assumed to reflect the language more or less as it existed at the time when that generation learned the language. In providing a mirror of real time change, apparent time forms the basis of a conceptual framework for exploring language change in progress. However, the basic assumptions that underlie apparent time have never been fully tested. This article tests those assumptions by comparing apparent time data from two recent random sample telephone surveys of Texas speech with real time data from the Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States, which was conducted some 15 years before the telephone surveys. The real time differences between the linguistic atlas data and the data from the telephone surveys provide strong support for the apparent time construct. Whenever apparent time data in the telephone surveys clearly suggest change in progress, the atlas data show substantially fewer innovative forms. Whenever the apparent time data suggest stable variation, the atlas data are virtually identical to that from the more recent surveys. Whenever the relationships between real and apparent time data are unclear, sorting out mitigating factors, such as nativity and subregional residence, clarifies and confirms the relationships. The results of our test of the apparent time construct suggest that it is unquestionably a valid and useful analytical tool.
African American Homeschooling and the Quest for a Quality Education

Academic interest in homeschooling has increased over the last decade, as what was once perceived as a marginal development, has, in fact, turned into a significant and growing phenomenon. There has been, in recent years, a noticeable surge in African American involvement in the homeschooling movement as well. However, there continues to be a general paucity of research on the motivations of homeschooling Black parents. It is the purpose of this essay (a) to present empirical evidence regarding African American motivations for homeschooling; and (b) to explore in depth one of the main reasons why African Americans increasingly choose to educate their children at home, namely, African American discontent with the poor quality of the education available in American schools, both public and private. While discontent with the quality of education is also commonly cited by other ethnic groups, the African American definition of a satisfactory education stands out, as it is articulated within the context of a racially exclusive and discriminatory society, and often includes demands for cultural and historical relevance.
Barriers to Retaining and Using Professional Knowledge in Local Authority Social Work Practice with Adults in the UK

The development of community care policy and practice in the UK has taken place in the context of the growth of neo-liberal ideologies and managerialism. This has had an impact on service provision and professional practice which has been pronounced in statutory agencies. Research evidence indicates that the workforce in adult social care is demoralized and de-motivated and that there is dissonance between working practices and social work education. Empirical research undertaken in 2003 found difficulties at three levels: structural, managerial and practitioner. The difficulties encountered compromise effective inter-agency and partnership working, indicate problems in the supervisory relationship and lead to practitioners acting defensively and without reference to theory or a clear knowledge base. When these findings are compared with those from earlier studies, explanations may be found beyond blaming individuals or locating conflict within service users’ expectations regarding services. The paper concludes that there is an urgent need to consider and debate the form that contemporary practice in adult care should take and the education of practitioners for this task, in order to support the workforce and to meet the social policy aims of community care.
The Wonder of Data

The article considers the productive capacity for wonder that resides and radiates in data, or rather in the entangled relation of data-and-researcher. Wonder is not necessarily a safe, comforting, or uncomplicatedly positive affect. It shades into curiosity, horror, fascination, disgust, and monstrosity. But the price paid for the ruin caused—to epistemic certainty or the comforts of a well-wrought coding scheme—is, after Massumi (2002, p. 19), the privilege of a headache. Not the answer to a question, but the astute crafting of a problem and a challenge: what next?
Adaptive fuzzy control-based projective synchronization of uncertain nonaffine chaotic systems

This article aims to introduce a projective synchronization approach based on adaptive fuzzy control for a class of perturbed uncertain multivariable nonaffine chaotic systems. The fuzzy-logic systems are employed to approximate online the uncertain functions. A Lyapunov approach is used to design the parameter adaptation laws and to demonstrate the boundedness of all signals of the closed-loop system as well as the convergence of the synchronization errors to bounded residual sets. Finally, numerical simulation results are presented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed synchronization system based on fuzzy adaptive controller. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 180-192, 2015
Assessing the Optimal Length of Parental Leave for Child and Parental Well-Being

Parental leave is a complex area of public policy. Concerns include health protection for working mothers, equal employment opportunities for women, access to adequate antenatal and birthing care, maternal recovery, optimal nutrition for infants, and gender equality within families. Given this complexity, the design of parental leave schemes, including the optimal length of leave, should ideally be based on research from a wide range of disciplines. Yet research literature generally focuses on single issues. In this article, the focus is widened to encompass mothers’ labor market outcomes, concerns surrounding childbirth and maternal recovery, parent-infant bonding, children’s cognitive development, breastfeeding, and associated with each of these, gender equity objectives. In light of information from a wide range of disciplines and based on two country models, Sweden and the United States, it is proposed that discussions about parental leave policy, including the appropriate length of leave, should take a broad, interdisciplinary perspective.
A 5-gene classifier from the carcinoma-associated fibroblast transcriptomic profile and clinical outcome in colorectal cancer

Based on 108 differentially expressed genes between carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and paired normal colonic fibroblasts we recently reported, a 5-gene classifier for relapse prediction in Stage II/III colorectal cancer (CRC) was developed. Its predictive value was validated in datasets GSE17538, GSE33113 and GSE14095. An additional validation was performed in a metacohort (n=317) and 142 CRC patients by means of RT-PCR. The 5-gene classifier was significantly associated with increased relapse risk and death from CRC across all validation series of Stage II/III patients used. Multivariate Cox regression analyses confirmed the independent prognostic value of the stromal classifier (HR=2.67; P=0.002). Post-test probabilities provided evidence of the suitability of the 5-gene classifier in clinical practice, identifying a subgroup of Stage-II patients who were at high risk of relapse. Moreover, the a priory worst prognosis mesenchymal subtype of tumours can be stratified according to the physiological status of their carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. In conclusion the CAFs-derived 5-gene classifier provides more accurate information about outcome than conventional clinicopathological criteria and it could be useful to take clinical decisions, especially in Stage II. Additionally, the classifier put into relevance the CAF's intratumoral heterogeneity and might contribute to find relevant targets for depleting adequate CAFS subtypes.
Metallicity and Physical Conditions in the Magellanic Bridge

We present a new analysis of the diffuse gas in the Magellanic Bridge (R.A. ≳ 3h) based on HST STIS E140M and FUSE spectra of two early-type stars lying within the Bridge and a QSO behind it. We derive the column densities of the H I (from Lyα), N I, O I, Ar I, Si II, S II, and Fe II of the gas in the Bridge. Using the atomic species, we determine the first gas-phase metallicity of the Magellanic Bridge, [Z/H] = − 1.02 ± 0.07 toward one sight line and -1.7 < [Z/H] < − 0.9 toward the other, a factor of 2 or more smaller than the present-day SMC metallicity. Using the metallicity and N(H I), we show that the Bridge gas along our three lines of sight is ~70%-90% ionized, despite high H I columns, log N(H I) ≃ 19.6 − 20.1. Possible sources for the ongoing ionization are certainly the hot stars within the Bridge, hot gas (revealed by O VI absorption), and leaking photons from the SMC and LMC. From the analysis of C II*, we deduce that the overall density of the Bridge must be low (<0.03-0.1 cm−3). We argue that our findings combined with other recent observational results should motivate new models of the evolution of the SMC-LMC-Galaxy system.