Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Masculinity Ideology and Gender Role Conflict across Cultures: Implications for Counseling African, Asian, and Hispanic/Latino Men.

Conceptions of the male role are a highly salient facet of worldview worthy of consideration for counselors working with male populations. This paper introduces broad conceptual models of the male role including traditional masculinity, ideology, and gender role conflict and briefly summarizes research using these models, which illustrates the impact of masculinity on the social and emotional functioning of men. Culturally specific aspects of masculinity for Latino/Hispanic, African American, and Asian American men are offered, along with issues likely to be encountered when working with men of color. Counseling approaches and settings sensitive to these differing standards of masculinity are suggested. (Contains 84 references.) (Author) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Masculinity Across Cultures 1 Running Head: MASCULINITY ACROSS CULTURE Masculinity Ideology and Gender Role Conflict Across Cultures: Implications for Counseling African, Asian, and Hispanic/Latino Men Bradley A. Janey Marywood University U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 3IEST COPY AVAINABIE
Numerical analysis of a model for nickel–iron alloy electrodeposition on rotating disk electrode

To understand the nickel–iron electrodeposition process better, we have developed a one-dimensional numerical model. This model addresses dissociation, diffusion, electromigration, convection and deposition of multiple ion species. The reaction mechanism in this model differs in that Ni2+ and Fe2+ are the electroactive species and NiOH+ and FeOH+ are not involved whatsoever. Taking account of the anisotropic behaviour of the solution we introduce a domain decomposition numerical method. Simulations with experimental data show that our model can predict characteristic features of the nickel–iron system.
Exploring negativity bias in brand beliefs and stated brand switching propensity

Negativity bias has been well studied by psychologists but limited research has been conducted on it in a marketing context. Given previous research, this exploratory study aims to examine whether there are any negativity bias effects in brand beliefs and whether there is any influence on stated brand switching propensity amongst current users of a brand. The results suggest that there is a negativity bias evident in brand image data.
PS1-14bj: A HYDROGEN-POOR SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVA WITH A LONG RISE AND SLOW DECAY

We present photometry and spectroscopy of PS1-14bj, a hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN) at redshift z = 0.5215 discovered in the last months of the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey. PS1-14bj stands out because of its extremely slow evolution, with an observed rise of rest-frame days, and exponential decline out to ∼250 days past peak at a measured rate of , consistent with fully trapped 56Co decay. This is the longest rise time measured in an SLSN to date, and the first SLSN to show a rise time consistent with pair-instability supernova (PISN) models. Compared to other slowly evolving SLSNe, it is spectroscopically similar to the prototype SN 2007bi at maximum light, although lower in luminosity ( ) and with a flatter peak than previous events. PS1-14bj shows a number of peculiar properties, including a near-constant color temperature for days past peak, and strong emission lines from [O iii] λ5007 and [O iii] λ4363 with a velocity width of ∼3400 km s−1 in its late-time spectra. These both suggest there is a sustained source of heating over very long timescales, and are incompatible with a simple 56Ni-powered/PISN interpretation. A modified magnetar model including emission leakage at late times can reproduce the light curve, in which case the blue continuum and [O iii] features are interpreted as material heated and ionized by the inner pulsar wind nebula becoming visible at late times. Alternatively, the late-time heating could be due to interaction with a shell of H-poor circumstellar material.
Death of a companion cat or dog and human bereavement: Psychosocial variables (vol 10, pg 100, 2002)

This study found that death depression, general depression, and positive attitudes toward, and attachment to, companion animals were associated with greater grief following the death of cats and dogs both in a veterinary client group who had recently lost their companion animals and in a college student group with a history of companion animal loss. The correlations of both the above variables and the demographic and death circumstance variables tended to be higher with the veterinary clients. Death of a dog by accident as opposed to illness correlated . 81 with extended grief in the veterinary clients. Not having their dogs euthanized correlated . 70 with extended grief in this group as well.
Evi1 regulates Notch activation to induce zebrafish hematopoietic stem cell emergence

During development, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge from aortic endothelial cells (ECs) through an intermediate stage called hemogenic endothelium by a process known as endothelial‐to‐hematopoietic transition (EHT). While Notch signaling, including its upstream regulator Vegf, is known to regulate this process, the precise molecular control and temporal specificity of Notch activity remain unclear. Here, we identify the zebrafish transcriptional regulator evi1 as critically required for Notch‐mediated EHT. In vivo live imaging studies indicate that evi1 suppression impairs EC progression to hematopoietic fate and therefore HSC emergence. evi1 is expressed in ECs and induces these effects cell autonomously by activating Notch via pAKT. Global or endothelial‐specific induction of notch, vegf, or pAKT can restore endothelial Notch and HSC formations in evi1 morphants. Significantly, evi1 overexpression induces Notch independently of Vegf and rescues HSC numbers in embryos treated with a Vegf inhibitor. In sum, our results unravel evi1–pAKT as a novel molecular pathway that, in conjunction with the shh–vegf axis, is essential for activation of Notch signaling in VDA endothelial cells and their subsequent conversion to HSCs.
Ricin Detection Using Phage Displayed Single Domain Antibodies

Phage-displayed single domain antibodies (sdAb) were compared to monomeric solubly expressed sdAb and llama polyclonal antibodies for the detection of ricin. SdAb are comprised of the variable domain derived from camelid heavy chain only antibodies (HcAb). Although HcAb lack variable light chains, they as well as their derivative sdAb are able to bind antigens with high affinity. The small size of sdAb (∼16 kDa), while advantageous in many respects, limits the number of labels that can be incorporated. The ability to incorporate multiple labels is a beneficial attribute for reporter elements. Opportunely, sdAb are often selected using phage display methodology. Using sdAb displayed on bacteriophage M13 as the reporter element gives the potential for incorporating a very high number of labels. We have demonstrated the use of both sdAb and phage- displayed sdAb for the detection of ricin using both enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and Luminex fluid array assays. The phage-displayed sdAb led to five to ten fold better detection of ricin in both the ELISA and Luminex assays, resulting in limits of detection of 1 ng/mL and 64 pg/mL respectively. The phage-displayed sdAb were also dramatically more effective for the visualization of binding to target in nitrocellulose dot blot assays, a method frequently used for epitope mapping.
Factors associated with loss to follow-up among women in Option B+ PMTCT programme in northeast Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study

Ethiopia has recently adopted lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all HIV‐positive pregnant and breastfeeding women (Option B+ strategy), regardless of CD4 count or clinical stage. However, the exact timing and predictors of loss to follow‐up (LFU) are unknown. Thus, we examined the levels and determinants of LFU under Option B+ among pregnant and breastfeeding women initiated on lifelong ART for prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) in Ethiopia.
Prevalence of, evolution of, and risk factors for fat atrophy and fat deposition in a cohort of HIV-infected men and women.

BACKGROUND At present, no uniform definition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lipoatrophy exists. The risk factors for fat atrophy (FA) and central fat deposition (FD) are multifactorial. We assessed the evolution and predictors of FA and FD in HIV-infected men and women. METHODS Participants (n = 452) were evaluated at baseline (starting in November 1998) and 1 year later. FA was defined as triceps skin-fold measurement less than the 10th percentile on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for sex and age. FD was defined as a waist-to-hip ratio of > 0.95 for men and of > 0.85 for women. Predictors of the baseline prevalence of FA and FD and new cases of each syndrome after 1 year were determined. RESULTS The baseline prevalences of FA, FD, and combined FA and FD were 35%, 44%, and 14%, respectively. Twenty-two percent of subjects had newly developed FA at 1 year, and 16% of subjects with FA at baseline did not have it at 1 year. Also, 23% of subjects had newly developed FD at 1 year, and 15% of those with FD at baseline did not have it at 1 year. The risk of developing new FA was increased among participants with low triceps skin-fold values (P < .001), smaller hips (P < .001), higher nadir HIV load (P = .006), abacavir use (P < .001), stavudine use (P < .001), and use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (P = .002). The risk of developing new FD was higher among women (P < .001) and among participants with greater body fat levels (P = .005) and higher triglyceride levels (P < .001), and it was lower among those with a high school education (P = .003) and higher triceps skin-fold values (P = .026). CONCLUSIONS FA and FD are common in HIV-infected patients, but may change over time in the individual. FA and FD appear to be different syndromes, because risk factors for the development differ, and the prevalence of the combined syndrome differs from the prevalences of the 2 independent syndromes.
Transcriptome analysis of nitrate assimilation in Aspergillus nidulans reveals connections to nitric oxide metabolism

Nitrate is a dominant form of inorganic nitrogen (N) in soils and can be efficiently assimilated by bacteria, fungi and plants. We studied here the transcriptome of the short‐term nitrate response using assimilating and non‐assimilating strains of the model ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans. Among the 72 genes positively responding to nitrate, only 18 genes carry binding sites for the pathway‐specific activator NirA. Forty‐five genes were repressed by nitrate metabolism. Because nirA‐ strains are N‐starved at nitrate induction conditions, we also compared the nitrate transcriptome with N‐deprived conditions and found a partial overlap of differentially regulated genes between these conditions. Nitric oxide (NO)‐metabolizing flavohaemoglobins were found to be co‐regulated with nitrate assimilatory genes. Subsequent molecular characterization revealed that the strongly inducible FhbA is required for full activity of nitrate and nitrite reductase enzymes. The co‐regulation of NO‐detoxifying and nitrate/nitrite assimilating systems may represent a conserved mechanism, which serves to neutralize nitrosative stress imposed by an external NO source in saprophytic and pathogenic fungi. Our analysis using membrane‐permeable NO donors suggests that signalling for NirA activation only indirectly depends on the nitrate transporters NrtA (CrnA) and NrtB (CrnB).
Dynamic Network Analysis

Dynamic network analysis (DNA) varies from traditional social network analysis in that it can handle large dynamic multi-mode, multi-link networks with varying levels of uncertainty. DNA, like quantum mechanics, would be a theory in which relations are probabilistic, the measurement of a node changes its properties, movement in one part of the system propagates through the system, and so on. However, unlike quantum mechanics, the nodes in the DNA, the atoms, can learn. An approach to DNA is described that builds DNA theory through the combined use of multi-agent modeling, machine learning, and meta-matrix approach to network representation. A set of candidate metric for describing the DNA are defined. Then, a model built using this approach is presented. Results concerning the evolution and destabilization of networks are described.
Multi‐View Stereo on Consistent Face Topology

We present a multi‐view stereo reconstruction technique that directly produces a complete high‐fidelity head model with consistent facial mesh topology. While existing techniques decouple shape estimation and facial tracking, our framework jointly optimizes for stereo constraints and consistent mesh parameterization. Our method is therefore free from drift and fully parallelizable for dynamic facial performance capture. We produce highly detailed facial geometries with artist‐quality UV parameterization, including secondary elements such as eyeballs, mouth pockets, nostrils, and the back of the head. Our approach consists of deforming a common template model to match multi‐view input images of the subject, while satisfying cross‐view, cross‐subject, and cross‐pose consistencies using a combination of 2D landmark detection, optical flow, and surface and volumetric Laplacian regularization. Since the flow is never computed between frames, our method is trivially parallelized by processing each frame independently. Accurate rigid head pose is extracted using a PCA‐based dimension reduction and denoising scheme. We demonstrate high‐fidelity performance capture results with challenging head motion and complex facial expressions around eye and mouth regions. While the quality of our results is on par with the current state‐of‐the‐art, our approach can be fully parallelized, does not suffer from drift, and produces face models with production‐quality mesh topologies.
Evaluative Reactions to Accented English

A sample population of 48 Anglo-Australian and 49 Greek-Australian male and female high school students made personality evaluations of standard Australian English and Greek-Australian-accented English. Ratings were along two dimensions (status and solidarity), and each speaker was rated on three passages representing an achievement-oriented, public context (school), a situation of intimacy and friendliness (home), and a friendly interaction in a public context (bus stop). On the status dimension, Greek-accented speakers were evaluated more negatively than Australian-accented speakers by both Anglo-Australian and Greek-Australian students. Greek-Australian female subjects were more extreme in their ratings than were Anglo-Australians or Greek-Australian males. On the bus stop passage, however, Greek-Australian subjects did not distinguish on the basis of accent. Finally, female subjects of both ethnic groups favored female speakers in the home context, while male subjects favored Anglo-Australian female speakers in the two public settings.
Intimate partner violence, consenting to HIV testing and HIV status among Zambian women

Sub-Saharan African countries are heavily burdened with HIV, which disproportionately affects women of reproductive age. Extant literature is inconsistent regarding the link between intimate partner violence and HIV. Data from the 2007 Zambian Demographic Health Survey of women aged 15–49 (n = 5014) were analysed. The influence of abuse by a current or former husband on consent to HIV testing and HIV positivity were evaluated. The unadjusted analysis showed a statistically significant association between intimate partner violence and consent to testing for HIV. Stratified analysis showed that there was a statistically significant association between intimate partner violence and HIV testing in rural areas but not in urban areas. However, the association lost its significance when adjusted for confounding factors. No statistically significant association was found between intimate partner violence and HIV-positive status. It is encouraging that women who experienced intimate partner were testing for HIV. Prevention efforts should continue addressing the needs of this population.
Using an Evolutionary Algorithm for the Tuning of a Chess Evaluation Function Based on a Dynamic Boundary Strategy

One of the effective ways of optimising the evaluation function of a chess game is by tuning each of its parameters. Evolutionary algorithms have become an appropriate choice as optimisers. In the past works related to this domain, the values of the parameters are within a fixed boundary which means that no matter how the recombination and mutation operators are applied, the value of a given parameter cannot go beyond its corresponding interval. In this paper, we propose a new strategy called "dynamic boundary strategy" where the boundaries of the interval of each parameter are dynamic. A real-coded evolutionary algorithm that incorporates this strategy and uses the polynomial mutation as its main exploitative tool is implemented. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is tested by competing our program against a popular commercial chess software. Our chess program has shown an autonomous improvement in performance after learning for hundreds of generations
When Losses Turn into Loans: The Cost of Undercapitalized Banks

We provide evidence that a weak banking sector has contributed to low productivity growth in the aftermath of the European sovereign debt crisis. An unexpected increase in capital requirements for a subset of Portuguese banks in 2011 provides a natural experiment to study the effects of reduced bank capital adequacy on productivity. Using detailed administrative data from the Bank of Portugal, we show that affected banks respond not only by cutting back on lending but also by increasing their underreporting of loan losses, which inflates reported capital, and by reallocating credit to firms in financial distress with prior underreported losses. To establish these results, we develop a method to detect the underreporting of losses using detailed loan-level data. We argue that this credit reallocation is consistent with distorted lending incentives arising either from the attempt to avoid the recognition of underreported losses, or from gambling on risky firms in response to an expected government bailout. We then show that the credit reallocation affects firm-level investment and employment. Finally, we translate the firm-level changes into aggregate productivity. This partial equilibrium exercise suggests that the credit reallocation driven by the regulatory intervention accounts for 20% of the decline in productivity in Portugal in 2012.
Atrial Fibrillation, Stroke Risk, and Warfarin Therapy Revisited: A Population-Based Study

Background and Purpose— Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke. This study aims to update the knowledge about AF and associated stroke risk and benefits of anticoagulation. Methods— We extracted data from the hospital, specialized outpatient, and primary healthcare and drug registries in a Swedish region with 1.56 million residents. We identified all individuals who had received an AF diagnosis during the previous 5 years; all stroke events during 2010; and patients with AF aged ≥50 years who had received warfarin during 2009. Results— AF had been diagnosed in 38 446 subjects who were alive at the beginning of 2010 (prevalence of 3.2% in the adult [≥20 years] population); ≈46% received warfarin therapy. In 2010, there were 4565 ischemic stroke events and 861 intracranial hemorrhages. AF had been diagnosed in 38% of ischemic events (≥50% among those aged ≥80 years) and in 23% of intracranial hemorrhages. An AF diagnosis was often lacking in hospital discharge records after stroke events. Warfarin therapy was associated with an odds ratio of 0.50 (confidence interval, 0.43–0.57) for ischemic stroke and, despite an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage, an odds ratio of 0.57 (confidence interval, 0.50–0.64) for the overall risk for stroke. Conclusions— AF is more common than present guidelines suggest. The attributable risk of AF for ischemic stroke increases with age and is close to that of hypertension in individuals aged ≥80 years. Because a majority of patients with AF with increased risk for stroke had not received anticoagulation therapy, there is a large potential for improvement.
Adaptive Neural Networks for Efficient Inference

We present an approach to adaptively utilize deep neural networks in order to reduce the evaluation time on new examples without loss of accuracy. Rather than attempting to redesign or approximate existing networks, we propose two schemes that adaptively utilize networks. We first pose an adaptive network evaluation scheme, where we learn a system to adaptively choose the components of a deep network to be evaluated for each example. By allowing examples correctly classified using early layers of the system to exit, we avoid the computational time associated with full evaluation of the network. We extend this to learn a network selection system that adaptively selects the network to be evaluated for each example. We show that computational time can be dramatically reduced by exploiting the fact that many examples can be correctly classified using relatively efficient networks and that complex, computationally costly networks are only necessary for a small fraction of examples. We pose a global objective for learning an adaptive early exit or network selection policy and solve it by reducing the policy learning problem to a layer-by-layer weighted binary classification problem. Empirically, these approaches yield dramatic reductions in computational cost, with up to a 2.8x speedup on state-of-the-art networks from the ImageNet image recognition challenge with minimal (<1%) loss of top5 accuracy.