Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Leader–Follower Dyad: The Link Between Leader and Follower Perceptions of Transformational Leadership and Its Impact on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Performance

ABSTRACT This study seeks to establish and test the relationships between both leaders’ and followers’ perceptions of leaders’ transformational leadership behavior and its relationship with job satisfaction and organizational performance. We aim to represent the managerial and psychosocial outcomes in the leader–follower dyad. The study also determines the relative contribution of the two constructs of the leader–follower dyad and their relationship with organizational performance. Since both leaders and followers estimated the leaders’ transformational leadership behavior, two models were tested: first, a leader-perception model examining the relationships among transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational performance using data on transformational leadership from the leaders’ perspective; and second, a follower-perception model examining the relationships among the same three constructs using transformational leadership estimates from the followers. We then explore the corresponding parameters in the two models to determine if there are significant differences in the relationships among the constructs, thereby determining the impact of leader vs. follower perceptions. Structural equation modelling based on a sample of 372 leader–follower matched responses identified how transformational leadership has a significant, positive relationship with employee job satisfaction and organizational performance. Although the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational performance was similar in the two models, in the follower-perception model the effect was almost entirely mediated by employee job satisfaction, whereas there were both mediated and direct effect in the leader-perception model.
Product symbolic status: development of a scale to assess different product types

Product Symbolic Status: Development of a Scale to Assess Different Product Types. (August 2005) James Arthur Wright, B.A., University of California, Santa Barbara; M.A., United States International University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Charles Samuelson The literature on status, product symbolism, product involvement, and reference group influence is reviewed to conceptually define the Product Symbolic Status construct. The research consisted of two studies (N = 524) that examined 17 different product types to develop and validate the Product Symbolic Status (PSS) scale. The PSS scale is comprised of four facets: self-concept, impression management, lifestyle, and social visibility. The PSS scale consists of nine items which produced an average reliability of α = . 90 and showed evidence of convergent and discriminant validity in MTMM analyses with the constructs of product value-expressiveness, product involvement, and product exclusivity/luxury. The PSS scale can also be used for brand symbolic status research. The marketing and advertising research implications are discussed.
The Role of Social Support and Psychological Resources in Depression in People Living with HIV/AIDS: Examining the Mediating Role of Mastery and Self-esteem

The present study explored the influence of social support and psychological resources on depression in people living with HIV/AIDS. The mediating role of mastery and self-esteem was examined. Factor analysis of the MOS-SSS supported three dimensions of social support. Findings from a predominantly gay male sample of unemployed individuals living with HIV/AIDS in the Toronto-area indicated high levels of depressive symptomatology, which were negatively related to emotional/informational support, tangible support, and affectionate/interpersonal support. Mediation analyses indicated partial support of the Cognitive Adaptation Model, revealing significant mediating effects of mastery on the relationship between social support and depressive symptomatology. Self-esteem was not found to be a significant mediator of this relationship. Findings suggest the need for social support interventions that help to strengthen mastery in individuals living with HIV/AIDS in order to reduce depression. Attention should be paid to self-esteem and its relationship with gender and employment status in this population. iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Joseph Roy Gillis, for his invaluable support and guidance throughout this project. He has been one of my strongest advocates over the past two years. Thank you as well to my second reader, Dr. Niva Piran, for her guidance and kindness. My additional thanks goes to the staff and faculty at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education for their letters of support and encouraging words during challenging times. I would like to thank Andrea Reynolds and Allyson Ion for their invaluable help with the literature review. Thank you to Olesya Falenchuk for her statistical genius and patience with my analyses. A special thank you to Dr. Sean Rourke and Sergio Rueda for their generosity and for introducing me to such a rich and vital area of research. A very special thank you to Ursula Wiprzycka for the many late night phone calls and statistical hand-holding throughout this process. Finally, thank you to my wonderful husband for your love and patience, and to my friends and family for your ongoing support and cheerleading. You have all contributed significantly to this work. iv Table of
Soil Reinforcement with Recycled Carpet Wastes

A root or fibre-reinforced soil behaves as a composite material in which fibres of relatively high tensile strength are embedded in a matrix of relatively plastic soil. Shear stresses in the soil mobilize tensile resistance in the fibres, which in turn impart greater strength to the soil. A research project has been undertaken to study the influence of synthetic fibrous materials for improving the strength characteristics of a fine sandy soil. One of the main objectives of the project is to explore the conversion of fibrous carpet waste into a valueadded product for soil reinforcement. Drained triaxial tests were conducted on specimens, which were prepared in a cylindrical mould and compacted at their optimum water contents. The main test variables included the aspect ratio and the weight percentage of the fibrous strips. The results clearly show that fibrous inclusions derived from carpet wastes improve the shear strength of silty sands. A model developed to simulate the effect of the fibrous inclusions accurately predicts the influence of strip content, aspect ratio and confining pressure on the shear strength of reinforced sand.
Methods of Inducing Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice

Animal models of experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are useful for understanding more about the mechanistic basis of disease, identifying new targets for therapeutic intervention, and testing novel therapeutic agents. This unit provides detailed protocols for four of the most commonly used mouse models of experimentally induced intestinal inflammation: chemical induction of colitis by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), hapten‐induced colitis via 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), Helicobacter–induced colitis in mdr1a−/− mice, and the CD4+ CD45RBhi SCID transfer colitis model. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 47:5.58. 1‐5.58. 37. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Selective imitation of in-group over out-group members in 14-month-old infants.

Recent research has shown that infants are more likely to engage with in-group over out-group members. However, it is not known whether infants' learning is influenced by a model's group membership. This study investigated whether 14-month-olds (N = 66) selectively imitate and adopt the preferences of in-group versus out-group members. Infants watched an adult tell a story either in their native language (in-group) or a foreign language (out-group). The adult then demonstrated a novel action (imitation task) and chose 1 of 2 objects (preference task). Infants did not show selectivity in the preference task, but they imitated the in-group model more faithfully than the out-group model. This suggests that cultural learning is beginning to be truly cultural by 14 months of age.
Evaluation of Power Flow Techniques for Personal Computers

An evaluation study is presented for running power flow programs on an IBM/AT personal computer (PC). Different issues that have been the subject of discussion for the mainframe computer implementation are addressed regarding the PC applications. These include convergence rates, iteration counts, memory requirements, effects of low precision arithmetic, ill conditioning, and the CPU times. A number of formulations of the power flow problem are considered and compared with regard to the mentioned issues. The investigated formulations are: the full Newton-Raphson power flow, the fast decoupled power flow, the Gauss-Seidel flow, and the second-order power flow using cartesian coordinates. The numerical results of running power flow studies for the IEEE 5, 14, 30, 57 and 118 bus test systems are presented and discussed. >
A Longitudinal Study of Corrective Advertising

Using corrective and deceptive advertisements taken from the FTC's “Listerine Case,” the authors examine whether exposure to a single corrective advertisement can reduce residual effects emanating from exposure to deceptive advertising in a longitudinal context. Results show that limited exposure to corrective advertisements was ineffective in bringing brand beliefs into equilibrium with “normative” levels. Findings also indicate that corrective ads affect other attributes of the product category even though they are not addressed in a remedial message.
Observed and self-experienced conflict induce similar behavioral and neural adaptation

In adapting our behavior to a rapidly changing environment, we also tune our behavior to that of others. To investigate the neural bases of such adaptive mechanisms, we examined how individuals adjust their actions after decision-conflicts observed in others compared to self-experienced conflicts. Participants responded to the color of a stimulus, while its spatial position elicited either a conflicting or a congruent action. Participants were required either to respond to stimuli themselves or to observe the response of another participant. We studied the difference between interference effects following conflicting or congruent stimuli, an effect known as conflict adaptation. Consistent with earlier reports, we found that the implementation of reactive control, following congruent trials, was accompanied by activation of the right inferior frontal cortex. Individual differences in the efficacy of response inhibition covaried with the level of activation in that region. Sustaining proactive control, following incongruent trials, activated the left lateral prefrontal cortex. Most importantly, adaptive controls induced by decision-conflicts observed in others, as well as the associated prefrontal activations, were comparable to those induced by self-experienced conflicts. We show that in both behavioral and neural terms we adapt to conflicts happening to others just as if they happened to us.
Agreement Between Parents and Youths on Measures of Antismoking Socialization

Background and Objectives: Despite the current literature on the importance of parental antismoking socialization messages, it is unclear if youths and parents agree on the content and frequency of such messages. This study's purpose is to explore the level of agreement between parents and youths on measures of anti-smoking socialization and to assess whether agreement is associated with parental smoking status and/or parental race/ethnicity. Methods: Data was collected from parent and 9- to 16-year-old youth dyads who presented to the emergency department with a non-urgent complaint. A self-administered questionnaire assessing demographics and five antismoking socialization measures was used. Results: Items that showed statistically significant agreement between parents and youths were frequency of explicit messages about smoking. However, the absolute agreement between the items was poor, at less than 50% for the complete sample. The following items did not show statistically significant agreement between parents and youths: maternal negative reaction to smoking (for all youths); specific rules about smoking and maternal negative reaction to smoking (for youths with parental smokers); and paternal negative reaction to smoking (for youths with parental nonsmokers). When pairs that did not agree were analyzed, we found significant discrepancies in youth-parent agreement by parental smoking status, but not by race/ethnicity. Conclusions: In this study, parents and youths had poor agreement on measures of antismoking socialization. Level of agreement was associated with parental smoking status, but not race/ethnicity. Since antismoking socialization is an important means to decrease youth tobacco initiation and use, future studies are needed to investigate the specific content, frequency, and format of parental antismoking messages that are best received and recalled by youths.
A foundation for sequentializing parallel code

The Program Dependence Graph (PDG) [FOW87], which represents the data and the control dependences of a. program, is an important tool for compiler optimization for both sequential and parallel machines. Since the construction of the PDG removes unnecessary sequent,ial order, the PDG captures the parallelism of a program. If the target machine is sequential, then after optimizations have been performed on the PDG, sequential order must be reint,roduced [BB89, CFSSS]. Generation of a sequential pr0gra.m from a PDG representation is also needed for the problem of automat.ically merging different versions of a program which have been updated in parallel by several people [HPR%‘a, HPR87b]. If the target machine is a multiprocessor, the PDG is typically partitioned into subgraphs, each of which is a.ssigned t,o a specific processor [SH86, Sar89]. Sequential code must then be constructed for each subgraph. Thus, for eit,her a parallel or a sequential machine, sequential code generation from a PDG will be necessary. The problem of sequential code generation is complicated by the fact that with program optimization, cases can arise in which equivalent code cannot be constructed without either duplicating some nodes in the PDG or introducing addit,ional guard variables, ’ even if the original code was sequential. An example of such an optimization is tail merging, which can merge two subgraphs of a PDG with the same operations into a single subgraph. Duplication or insertion of guard variables may also be necessary
Using heuristics, syntax and a local dynamic dictionary for protein name tagging

A prerequisite for all higher level information extraction tasks is the identification of unknown names in text. This paper presents a method for extracting protein names from abstracts of articles in the biomedical domain. These names present several interesting difficulties because of their variant structural characteristics and the lack of common naming standards and fixed nomenclatures in the domain. The method presented is based on three main components: The use of heuristic rules and knowledge bases, the use of syntactic analysis, and the use of a document-local dynamic dictionary. The implementation of the method, the protein name tagger Yapex, is evaluated on a set of MEDLINE abstracts, using KeX, a freely available protein name tagger, as a reference system. The systems are evaluated under two different notions of correctness, and are shown to perform equally well under the more liberal notion, while the Yapex system performs significantly better under the stricter notion of correctness.
Active and passive smoking during pregnancy and ultrasound measures of fetal growth in a cohort of pregnant women

Background In utero tobacco exposure has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes but few studies have used longitudinal ultrasound measurements to asses the effects on fetal growth. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of active and passive smoking during pregnancy on fetal biometry in a cohort of Spanish women. Methods Biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were evaluated in each trimester of pregnancy. Detailed information on smoking and potential confounders was assessed by questionnaire. SD scores were calculated from longitudinal growth curves adjusted for gestational age and potential determinants of growth. Size was assessed by means of unconditional SD scores at 12, 20, 32 and 38 weeks of pregnancy, while growth between these points was assessed by means of conditional SD scores. The association between smoking and fetal growth was investigated by regression models and adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle-related variables. Results Maternal smoking was inversely associated with size of all parameters at weeks 32 and 38 and with growth in 20–32, 12–32 and 12–38 week intervals. In 32–38 weeks the effect was significant for AC and EFW. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure was inversely associated with growth in BPD in all the intervals except 32–38 weeks. Conclusions Active smoking during pregnancy was associated with a reduction in BPD, AC, FL and EFW from mid-gestation. ETS adversely affected BPD from early pregnancy.
Aβ42-lowering Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Preserve Intramembrane Cleavage of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and ErbB-4 Receptor and Signaling through the APP Intracellular Domain*

Epidemiological studies indicate that long term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) confers protection from Alzheimer's disease, and some NSAIDs were shown to specifically decrease production of the amyloidogenic Aβ42 peptide, most likely by direct modulation of γ-secretase activity. In contrast to γ-secretase inhibitors, Aβ42-lowering NSAIDs do not impair S3 cleavage in the NOTCH receptor and release of the NOTCH intracellular domain, a finding with conceptual implications for the development of safer drugs targeting Aβ production through γ-secretase modulation. Intramembrane cleavage and release of an intracellular signaling domain has recently been demonstrated in a number of additional γ-secretase substrates. We now show in cell-based assays that intramembrane cleavage of APP and ErbB-4 receptor is not impaired by the Aβ42-lowering NSAIDs, sulindac sulfide and ibuprofen. Generation of the APP intracellular domain (AICD) was further not inhibited in a cell-free assay at concentrations far exceeding those effective in reducing Aβ42 production. Closer inspection of AICD signaling showed that stabilization of the AICD peptide by FE65 and AICD-mediated transcription were also retained at Aβ42-lowering concentrations. These results demonstrate that S3-like/intramembrane cleavage is preserved by Aβ42-lowering NSAIDs in at least three substrates of γ-secretase APP, ErbB-4, and NOTCH and underline the striking specificity by which these drugs target Aβ42 production.
The need for closure concept disclosed: Delineating motivation from ability in human decision-making

Conflicting theoretical accounts portray need for cognitive closure and its measurement tool either as a unidimensional construct or as combining two separate dimensions that independently tap cognitive processes of freezing and seizing. The present research tested structural equation models representing these two perspectives. The results supported a two-factor structure, but the two dimensions, at least as operationalized here, did not map differentially onto seizing and freezing. Further theoretical explication may be necessary to understand the content of the two dimensions of the need for closure scale as well as the precise role of seizing and freezing in the overall need for cognitive closure construct. 1 This chapter has been published as an article in Social Cognition. : Roets, A. , Van Hiel, A. , & Cornelis, I. (2006). The dimensional structure of the Need for Cognitive Closure Scale: Relationships with “seizing” and “freezing” processes. Social Cognition, 24, 22-45.
Time domain reflectometry surface reflections for dielectric constant in highly conductive soils

This paper presents a model-based approach to determine dielectric constants from time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurement in highly conductive soils. It makes use of information contained in the TDR signal from the reflection at the surface of the soil rather than the reflection from the end of the probe. The TDR method is widely used to determine the volumetric water content of soils. Commonly used information from the TDR signals includes the apparent dielectric constant and the electrical conductivity. The apparent dielectric constant is generally measured by analyzing the travel time of electromagnetic waves reflected from the end of the soil probe. In soils with high electrical conductivities, the attenuation of the signal can eliminate the reflection from the end of the probe, which limits the application of TDR to these materials. A simplified frequency-independent dielectric model is utilized to invert the dielectric constant from the reflected signals at the soil surface. Results indicate that the dielectric constant can be determined with reasonable accuracy by the proposed approach for soils with high electrical conductivity, where the conventional travel time analysis fails due to significant signal attenuation.
Lack of Involvement of CEP Adducts in TLR Activation and in Angiogenesis

Proteins that are post-translationally adducted with 2-(ω-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP) have been proposed to play a pathogenic role in age-related macular degeneration, by inducing angiogenesis in a Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2)-dependent manner. We have investigated the involvement of CEP adducts in angiogenesis and TLR activation, to assess the therapeutic potential of inhibiting CEP adducts and TLR2 for ocular angiogenesis. As tool reagents, several CEP-adducted proteins and peptides were synthetically generated by published methodology and adduction was confirmed by NMR and LC-MS/MS analyses. Structural studies showed significant changes in secondary structure in CEP-adducted proteins but not the untreated proteins. Similar structural changes were also observed in the treated unadducted proteins, which were treated by the same adduction method except for one critical step required to form the CEP group. Thus some structural changes were unrelated to CEP groups and were artificially induced by the synthesis method. In biological studies, the CEP-adducted proteins and peptides failed to activate TLR2 in cell-based assays and in an in vivo TLR2-mediated retinal leukocyte infiltration model. Neither CEP adducts nor TLR agonists were able to induce angiogenesis in a tube formation assay. In vivo, treatment of animals with CEP-adducted protein had no effect on laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. Furthermore, in vivo inactivation of TLR2 by deficiency in Myeloid Differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) had no effect on abrasion-induced corneal neovascularization. Thus the CEP-TLR2 axis, which is implicated in other wound angiogenesis models, does not appear to play a pathological role in a corneal wound angiogenesis model. Collectively, our data do not support the mechanism of action of CEP adducts in TLR2-mediated angiogenesis proposed by others.