Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zfp423/OAZ Mutation Reveals the Importance of Olf/EBF Transcription Activity in Olfactory Neuronal Maturation

Zfp423/OAZ, a multi-zinc finger protein, is proposed to participate in neuronal differentiation through interactions with the Olf/EBF (O/E) family of transcription factors and mediate extrinsic BMP signaling pathways. These activities are associated with distinct domains of the Olf/EBF-associated zinc finger (OAZ) protein. Sustained OAZ expression arrests olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) at an immature state and alters olfactory receptor expression, but the mechanism remains elusive. We show here that constitutive expression of a C-terminal mutant OAZ (OAZΔC) in mice that selectively disrupts OAZ–O/E interaction while retaining other activities, exhibits apparently normal OSN differentiation. Additionally, interfering with potential BMP signaling pathways by inducible Follistatin expression in adult mice does not alter the neuronal lineage or differentiation status. Our results indicate that O/E-mediated processes are essential for the differentiation of OSNs and the establishment of a mature phenotype. BMP signaling pathways, if they are active in normal adult olfactory epithelium, may play a minor role in this tissue.
TORC1 Promotes Phosphorylation of Ribosomal Protein S6 via the AGC Kinase Ypk3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is an evolutionarily conserved sensor of nutrient availability. Genetic and pharmacological studies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have provided mechanistic insights on the regulation of TORC1 signaling in response to nutrients. Using a highly specific antibody that recognizes phosphorylation of the bona fide TORC1 target ribosomal protein S6 (Rps6) in yeast, we found that nutrients rapidly induce Rps6 phosphorylation in a TORC1-dependent manner. Moreover, we demonstrate that Ypk3, an AGC kinase which exhibits high homology to human S6 kinase (S6K), is required for the phosphorylation of Rps6 in vivo. Rps6 phosphorylation is completely abolished in cells lacking Ypk3 (ypk3Δ), whereas Sch9, previously reported to be the yeast ortholog of S6K, is dispensable for Rps6 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation-deficient mutations in regulatory motifs of Ypk3 abrogate Rps6 phosphorylation, and complementation of ypk3Δ cells with human S6 kinase restores Rps6 phosphorylation in a rapamycin-sensitive manner. Our findings demonstrate that Ypk3 is a critical component of the TORC1 pathway and that the use of a phospho-S6 specific antibody offers a valuable tool to identify new nutrient-dependent and rapamycin-sensitive targets in vivo.
Efficient Method to Approximately Solve Retrial Systems with Impatience

We present a novel technique to solve multiserver retrial systems with impatience. Unfortunately these systems do not present an exact analytic solution, so it is mandatory to resort to approximate techniques. This novel technique does not rely on the numerical solution of the steady-state Kolmogorov equations of the Continuous Time Markov Chain as it is common for this kind of systems but it considers the system in its Markov Decision Process setting. This technique, known as value extrapolation, truncates the infinite state space using a polynomial extrapolation method to approach the states outside the truncated state space. A numerical evaluation is carried out to evaluate this technique and to compare its performance with previous techniques. The obtained results show that value extrapolation greatly outperforms the previous approaches appeared in the literature not only in terms of accuracy but also in terms of computational cost.
Unions and the ‘knowledge society’

Between 1990 to 1999, under National-led governments, the tripartite arrangements that regulated the labour market were dismantled by the Employment Contracts Act 1991, the Health and Safety Employment Act 1992 and the Industry Training Act 1992 (ITA) (Deeks, Parker and Ryan, 1994). In practice this meant that a major role for unions was removed. Thus when the Government called for industry involvement in labour market issues it often included only employers and, in keeping with neo-liberal ideas, the involvement was voluntary. This was particularly true of the industry training system that was created by the ITA.
Labour Productivity and Health Capital in Nigeria: The Empirical Evidence

This paper attempts to analyze the labour productivity effects of health capital in Nigeria. The GMM methodology was adopted in the estimation having tested for unit root and possible co-integration. We find that health capital investment is a significant determinant of labour productivity. Evident from the hypotheses the null hypothesis of an insignificant impact of health capital investment on labour productivity in Nigeria is vehemently invalidated on the basis of a significant Wald coefficient. The analysis indicates that health capital investment enhances productivity of the labour force. Given that Nigeria is a highly labour-intensive economy, importance must be accorded to having a healthier workforce in order to maximize productivity. Another essential finding in the study lies in the statistical significance of the education-labour and health capital-labour interaction terms. The Nigerian government has to build capacity through investment in education in order to enhance productivity of the labour force. This would protect the economy from further negative trends in productivity growth.
The effect of organizational factors on the effectiveness of EMR system implementation--what have we learned?

Research Methods MEDLINE and reference lists of articles were searched for English-language articles published between 1990 and 2005. Studies assessing the effect of management support, financial resource availability, implementation climate and/or implementation policies and practices on the effectiveness of EMR system implementation were selected for inclusion in the review. Relevant data on study objective, study design, study population and setting, measures of implementation effectiveness and organizational factors, and key results were extracted and tabulated.
Identification of factors influencing G2C services acceptance in developing countries

The interest in providing accessible public services has increased in the recent years. The advent of Electronic government (E-government) projects promises to provide huge benefits for citizens. One of the most important types of e-government services is the government to citizen (G2C) applications providing public electronic services (e-services) to citizens by the government. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that influence the acceptance and use of G2C services in developing countries. Literature was reviewed and based on the preliminary analysis; findings indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, trust in internet, and trust in government are the most frequent factors that have been used by researchers to explain the citizen behavior of accepting and use of G2C services. Based on the findings of the literature, the future work for this study is explained and limitations are highlighted.
Kek, Cucks, and God Emperor Trump: A Measurement Study of 4chan's Politically Incorrect Forum and Its Effects on the Web

The discussion-board site 4chan has been part of the Internet's dark underbelly since its inception, and recent political events have put it increasingly in the spotlight. In particular, /pol/, the “Politically Incorrect'” board, has been a central figure in the outlandish 2016 US election season, as it has often been linked to the alt-right movement and its rhetoric of hate and racism. However, 4chan remains relatively unstudied by the scientific community: little is known about its user base, the content it generates, and how it affects other parts of the Web. In this paper, we start addressing this gap by analyzing /pol/ along several axes, using a dataset of over 8M posts we collected over two and a half months. First, we perform a general characterization, showing that /pol/ users are well distributed around the world and that 4chan's unique features encourage fresh discussions. We also analyze content, finding, for instance, that YouTube links and hate speech are predominant on /pol/. Overall, our analysis not only provides the first measurement study of /pol/, but also insight into online harassment and hate speech trends in social media.
Ionizing Radiation Stimulates Expression of Pro-Osteoclastogenic Genes in Marrow and Skeletal Tissue

Exposure to ionizing radiation can cause rapid mineral loss and increase bone-resorbing osteoclasts within metabolically active, cancellous bone tissue leading to structural deficits. To better understand mechanisms involved in rapid, radiation-induced bone loss, we determined the influence of total body irradiation on expression of select cytokines known both to stimulate osteoclastogenesis and contribute to inflammatory bone disease. Adult (16 week), male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to either 2 Gy gamma rays (137Cs, 0.8 Gy/min) or heavy ions (56Fe, 600MeV, 0.50–1.1 Gy/min); this dose corresponds to either a single fraction of radiotherapy (typical total dose is ≥10 Gy) or accumulates over long-duration interplanetary missions. Serum, marrow, and mineralized tissue were harvested 4 h—7 days later. Gamma irradiation caused a prompt (2.6-fold within 4 h) and persistent (peaking at 4.1-fold within 1 day) rise in the expression of the obligate osteoclastogenic cytokine, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (Rankl), within marrow cells over controls. Similarly, Rankl expression peaked in marrow cells within 3 days of iron exposure (9.2-fold). Changes in Rankl expression induced by gamma irradiation preceded and overlapped with a rise in expression of other pro-osteoclastic cytokines in marrow (eg, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 increased by 11.9-fold, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increased by 1.7-fold over controls). The ratio, Rankl/Opg, in marrow increased by 1.8-fold, a net pro-resorption balance. In the marrow, expression of the antioxidant transcription factor, Nfe2l2, strongly correlated with expression levels of Nfatc1, Csf1, Tnf, and Rankl. Radiation exposure increased a serum marker of bone resorption (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) and led to cancellous bone loss (16% decrement after 1 week). We conclude that total body irradiation (gamma or heavy-ion) caused temporal elevations in the concentrations of specific genes expressed within marrow and mineralized tissue related to bone resorption, including select cytokines that lead to osteoclastogenesis and elevated resorption; this is likely to account for rapid and progressive deterioration of cancellous microarchitecture following exposure to ionizing radiation.
Spectroscopic survey of γ Doradus stars – I. Comprehensive atmospheric parameters and abundance analysis of γ Doradus stars

We present a spectroscopic survey of known and candidate $\gamma$\,Doradus stars. The high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra of 52 objects were collected by five different spectrographs. The spectral classification, atmospheric parameters (\teff, $\log g$, $\xi$), $v\sin i$ and chemical composition of the stars were derived. The stellar spectral and luminosity classes were found between G0-A7 and IV-V, respectively. The initial values for \teff\ and \logg\ were determined from the photometric indices and spectral energy distribution. Those parameters were improved by the analysis of hydrogen lines. The final values of \teff, \logg\ and $\xi$ were derived from the iron lines analysis. The \teff\ values were found between 6000\,K and 7900\,K, while \logg\,values range from 3.8 to 4.5\,dex. Chemical abundances and $v\sin i$ values were derived by the spectrum synthesis method. The $v\sin i$ values were found between 5 and 240\,km\,s$^{-1}$. The chemical abundance pattern of $\gamma$\,Doradus stars were compared with the pattern of non-pulsating stars. It turned out that there is no significant difference in abundance patterns between these two groups. Additionally, the relations between the atmospheric parameters and the pulsation quantities were checked. A strong correlation between the $v\sin i$ and the pulsation periods of $\gamma$\,Doradus variables was obtained. The accurate positions of the analysed stars in the H-R diagram have been shown. Most of our objects are located inside or close to the blue edge of the theoretical instability strip of $\gamma$\,Doradus.
Sildenafil Can Affect Innate and Adaptive Immune System in Both Experimental Animals and Patients

Sildenafil, a type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE5-I), is primarily used for treating erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil inhibits the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by competing with cGMP for binding site of PDE5. cGMP is a secondary messenger activating protein kinases and a common regulator of ion channel conductance, glycogenolysis, and cellular apoptosis. PDE5 inhibitors (PDE-Is) found application in cardiology, nephrology, urology, dermatology, oncology, and gynecology. Positive result of sildenafil treatment is closely connected with its immunomodulatory effects. Sildenafil influences angiogenesis, platelet activation, proliferation of regulatory T cells, and production of proinflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies. Sildenafil action in humans and animals appears to be different. Surprisingly, it also acts differently in males and females organisms. Although the immunomodulatory effects of PDE5 inhibitors appear to be promising, none of them reached the point of being tested in clinical trials. Data on the influence of selective PDE5-Is on the human immune system are limited. The main objective of this review is to discuss the immunomodulatory effects of sildenafil in both patients and experimental animals. This is the first review of the current state of knowledge about the effects of sildenafil on the immune system.
ALFY-Controlled DVL3 Autophagy Regulates Wnt Signaling, Determining Human Brain Size

Primary microcephaly is a congenital neurodevelopmental disorder of reduced head circumference and brain volume, with fewer neurons in the cortex of the developing brain due to premature transition between symmetrical and asymmetrical cellular division of the neuronal stem cell layer during neurogenesis. We now show through linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing, that a dominant mutation in ALFY, encoding an autophagy scaffold protein, causes human primary microcephaly. We demonstrate the dominant effect of the mutation in drosophila: transgenic flies harboring the human mutant allele display small brain volume, recapitulating the disease phenotype. Moreover, eye-specific expression of human mutant ALFY causes rough eye phenotype. In molecular terms, we demonstrate that normally ALFY attenuates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway via autophagy-dependent removal specifically of aggregates of DVL3 and not of Dvl1 or Dvl2. Thus, autophagic attenuation of Wnt signaling through removal of Dvl3 aggregates by ALFY acts in determining human brain size.
Inflation, Factor Substitution and Growth

Recent empirical studies on the inflation-growth-relationship underline that inflation has negative growth effects already under relatively modest rates. Most contributions to monetary growth theory, however, have difficulties in explaining such a pattern. It is shown in this paper that this problem can be overcome by establishing a link between monetary instability and the aggregate elasticity of factor substitution. Several microeconomic justifications can be found for a negative influence of inflation on factor substitution. It turns out that already in a simple neoclassical monetary growth model this effect is usually strong enough to question the superneutrality benchmark result in the steady state and to dominate all potential positive effects of inflation along the convergence path. In a more general perspective the paper contributes to a better integration of institutional change in aggregate models of economic growth.
Exercise and Academic Achievement in the Classroom

Today’s schools are dealing with quite a dilemma in trying to get students to reach state and federal benchmarks in academics. With budget cuts, a loss of school days, and new education reform, many schools have had to cut or eliminate programs in the arts, life skills, and physical education to allot time for more class time in math, science, and language. In doing so, we have started to generate an overweight/obese society. One out of every four children is overweight and one in three considered obese. With the cutbacks and elimination of sports programs and physical education time along with poor nutrition, these children will continue to develop health problems along with obesity as they age. Many researchers in academics and physical education believe that there is a connection or correlation between physical ability and academics. Much of the data that is published shows a positive correlation between physical education /activity and academic achievement. By the reduction of physical education and sports programs are we as a society going to develop long range problems with physical, social, and health issues for our children? Is there a way to implement a program within the classroom that can improve academic achievement / higher test scores and enhance physical activity that will help decrease body weight? This research will revel that the implementation of physical activity within a classroom setting will improve standardized test scores, and physical fitness/ body composition.
Radio halos in future surveys in the radio continuum

Aims. Giant radio halos are mega-parsec scale synchrotron source sd etected in as ignif icant fraction of massive and merging galaxy clusters. Radio halos provide one of the most important pieces of evidence of non-thermal components in large-scale structure. Their statistical properties can be used to discriminate among various models for their origin. Therefore, theoretical predictions of the occurrence of radio halos are important as new radio telescopes are about to begin to survey the sky at low and high frequencies with unprecedented sensitivity. Methods. We carry out Monte Carlo simulations to model the formation and evolution of radio halos in a cosmological framework and extend previous calculations based on the hypothesis of turbulent-acceleration origin of radio halos. We adopt a phenomenological approach to model the population of radio halos by assuming that halos are either generated in turbulent merging clusters, or are purely hadronic halos generated in more relaxed clusters, “o! -state” halos. Results. The models predict that the luminosity function of radio halos at high radio luminosities is dominated by the contribution of radio halos generated in turbulent clusters. The generation of these halos becomes less e" cient in less massive systems causing afl attening of the luminosity function at lower radio luminosities, as also pointed out in previous studies. However, we find that potentially this can be more than compensated for by the intervening contribution of “o! -state” radio halos that dominate at lower radio luminosities. We derive the expected number of halos t oe xplore the potential of the EMU+WODAN surveys that will be carried out with ASKAP and Aperitif, respectively, in the near future. By restricting to clusters at redshifts " 0.6, we show that the planned EMU+WODAN surveys at 1.4 GHz have the potential to detect up to about 200 giant radio halos, increasing by one order of magnitude the number of currently known halos. A fraction of these halos will be “o! -state” halos that should be found at flux level f1.4 " 10 mJy, presently accessible only to deep pointed observations. We also explore the synergy between surveys at di! erent radio frequencies, the Tier 1 LOFAR survey at 150 MHz and the EMU+WODAN surveys at 1.4 GHz. We predict a larger number of radio halos in the LOFAR survey due to the high LOFAR sensitivity, but also due to the existence of halos with very steep spectrum that glow up preferentially at lower frequencies. These halos ar eo nly predicted in the framework of turbulent re-acceleration models and should not have counterparts in the EMU+WODAN surveys, thus the combination of the two surveys will test models for the origin of giant radio halos.
Dissociating Task-set Selection from Task-set Inhibition in the Prefrontal Cortex

Patients with focal lesions in the left (n = 7) and right (n = 4) prefrontal cortex were compared with controls (n = 16) in a task-switching experiment using four different, simple spatial tasks. Each of these tasks involved a left-right decision, either regarding an arrow, the word left or right, a circle position, or the direction of a moving line. We compared performance on trials that required rule switches versus rule repetitions (local switch costs) and we compared performance between blocks with bivalent stimuli (two dimensions present) and blocks with univalent stimuli (only one dimension present) to assess global switch costs. Patients with left prefrontal lesions, but not patients with right prefrontal lesions, exhibited increased costs on trials in which the relevant dimension switched (local switch costs), but also on no-switch trials with bivalent stimuli (global costs). We also assessed task-set inhibition in the form of the backward-inhibition effect [increased response times to recently abandoned tasks; Mayr, U. , & Keele, S. Changing internal constraints on action: The role of backward inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129, 4-26, 2000]. Although left frontal patients showed normal inhibition, right frontal patients showed no evidence for inhibition. These results suggest a neurocognitive dissociation between task-set selection and inhibition.