Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of factors related to active reproductive health behavior: a cross-sectional study Indonesian adolescent

OBJECTIVES Complex and diverse factors are related to reproductive health (RH) behavior among adolescents according to the social and cultural context of each countries. This study examined the prevalence of active RH and factors related to active RH behavior among Indonesian adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,040 of students who were selected through a multi-stage random sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was developed, including the World Health Organization Illustrative Questionnaire for Interview-Surveys with Young People, pubertal development scale, and sexual activity scale, modified in accordance to the Indonesian context. The data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics, as well as logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of active RH behavior were more higher in boys (56.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 50.6% to 62.6%) than in girls (43.7%; 95% CI, 37.6% to 49.8%). Negative attitudes towards RH were a factor related to active RH behavior in both boys and girls. Smoking and kind relationship envisioned before marriage (pacaran [courtship] and nikah siri [non-registered marriage]) were factors related to active RH behavior in boys; whereas the absence of access to information on substance abuse was an additional factor in girls. Moreover, an interaction was found between access to information on development and smoking (boys) and attitudes on RH (girls) as independent variables associated with active RH behavior. CONCLUSIONS Sex education for adolescents in Indonesia, particularly in the context of a health promotion program, should be developed based on prevalent social, cultural, and religious values to prevent active RH behavior. Such programs should focus on the kind of relationship envisioned before marriage and smoking for boys and access to information on subtance abuse for girls.
Reorienting higher education pedagogical and professional development curricula toward sustainability – a Romanian perspective

Purpose This paper tries to propose a pedagogical training program starting from the Romanian mandatory curriculum for higher education (HE) teachers, integrating education for sustainable development (ESD) competencies (UNECE, 2012) through infusion as a technique of curricular design dealing with cross-curricular subject integration. The purpose of this paper is to show how new ESD competencies can be implemented and integrated into the existent curricular formulations and how the current state of affairs can be improved and set toward sustainability. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research design is utilized, using desk research, content analysis, case study and, as validation for the new curriculum, structured interviews with key experts. First, an assessment of the quality of the Romanian HE pedagogical training program will be presented based on teaching quality assessments from international rankings. Second, integration of ESD competencies into the existing pedagogical professional development program, through a curriculum design, will be proposed. Findings The present Romanian teacher training curriculum does not nurture ESD competencies, and it does not have this purpose at all. However, it can be affirmed that this curriculum is in accordance with the newest pedagogical theories. It will be shown (through curriculum design) that it is possible to infuse ESD competencies into the present curriculum without many costs. The present architecture of the teacher training system can be described as a good practice example concerning HE professional development or as an alternative that is worthy to be taken into consideration for other countries with similar educational systems or by countries/universities that believe that pedagogical training addressing ESD should be completed early in one’s teaching career. Research limitations/implications As a general rule, many generalizations cannot be made based on qualitative research. Case studies have their limitations: they provide in-depth research on particular situations, and only some of their findings can be extrapolated. All HE curricula represent a particular vision and are all perfectible and subject to debate. The author hopes to have provided sufficient cause for the proposed curriculum. Practical implications The new curriculum has clear and practical implications, providing the answer to the question “how can we make pedagogical training better? ”. Infusing ESD into the present teacher training program constitutes a practical solution, which carries great social impact. Originality/value A new curricular architecture is proposed, a new perspective on the efficiency of pedagogical training, in general, is taken into account and, as a good practical example, the present research is a token of inspiration.
Best Practices in Civic Education: Lessons from the Journal of Political Science Education

ABSTRACT The Journal of Political Science Education (JPSE) provides over a decade of research on political science pedagogy, featuring empirical research documenting best practices in the field. This article provides an overview of JPSE-published research on the topics of civic education and engagement. It summarizes the number and scope of articles on this topic and highlights key findings from the journal’s first 12 years. This comprehensive overview of past research is designed to facilitate high quality future research. A detailed exploration of past research provides a useful “jump start” for teacher-scholars eager to advance the scholarship and pedagogy of engagement.
Local and Global Tameness in Krull Monoids

Let H be a Krull monoid with finite class group G such that every class contains a prime divisor. Then the global tame degree equals zero if and only if H is factorial (equivalently, |G| = 1). If |G| > 1, then , where is the Davenport constant of G. We analyze the case when equals the lower bound, and we show that grows asymptotically as the upper bound, when both terms are considered as functions of the rank of G. We provide more precise results if G is either cyclic or an elementary 2-group.
An interconnect model for storage array on Chip

In this paper, a model of transmission line based on Laplace transform is presented; this model could be computed repeatedly used by second or more-order frequency function, in which a signal of voltage difference between stimulus and response is proposed. It is possible to calculate iterative discrete convolution with computer instead of analytic continuous convolution, because the mentioned voltage signal reach to zero when the time variation reach to infinity. The model could be used in delay specificity analysis in large-scale storage array. The model is more approaching to physical analysis and HSPICE simulation results than traditional Elmore model.
Effect of Prolonged Discontinuation of L-Thyroxine Replacement in a Child with Congenital Hypothyroidism

When diagnosed through neonatal screening and treated promptly and adequately, infants with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) experience normal physical growth and neurological development. Here we present a 3-year-old boy diagnosed with CH as a newborn, who was subsequently left untreated and experienced significant growth failure and developmental delay. This case emphasizes the importance of a consistent adherence to treatment in preventing such complications, especially in infancy and early childhood.
Imaginary groups: lazy monoids and reversible computation

We use constructions in monoid and group theory to exhibit an adjunction between the category of partially ordered monoids and lazy monoid homomorphisms and the category of partially ordered groups and group homomorphisms such that the unit of the adjunction is injective. We also prove a similar result for sets acted on by monoids and groups. We introduce the new notion of a lazy homomorphism for a function f between partially ordered monoids such that f(m ○ m′) ≤ f(m) ○ f(m′). Every monoid can be endowed with the discrete partial ordering (m ≤ m′ if and only if m=m′), so our constructions provide a way of embedding monoids into groups. A simple counterexample (the two-element monoid with a non-trivial idempotent) and some calculations show that one can never hope for such an embedding to be a monoid homomorphism, so the price paid for injecting a monoid into a group is that we must weaken the notion of a homomorphism to this new notion of a lazy homomorphism. The computational significance of this is that a monoid is an abstract model of computation – or at least of ‘operations’ – and, similarly, a group models reversible computations/operations. With this reading, the adjunction with its injective unit gives a systematic high-level way of faithfully translating an irreversible system into a ‘lazy’ reversible one. Informally, but perhaps informatively, we can describe this work as follows: we give an abstract analysis of how we can sensibly add ‘undo’ (in the sense of ‘control-Z’).
An Integrated Model of Environmental Effects on Growth, Carbohydrate Balance, and Mortality of Pinus ponderosa Forests in the Southern Rocky Mountains

Climate-induced tree mortality is an increasing concern for forest managers around the world. We used a coupled hydrologic and ecosystem carbon cycling model to assess temperature and precipitation impacts on productivity and survival of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Model predictions were evaluated using observations of productivity and survival for three ponderosa pine stands located across an 800 m elevation gradient in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA, during a 10-year period that ended in a severe drought and extensive tree mortality at the lowest elevation site. We demonstrate the utility of a relatively simple representation of declines in non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) as an approach for estimating patterns of ponderosa pine vulnerability to drought and the likelihood of survival along an elevation gradient. We assess the sensitivity of simulated net primary production, NSC storage dynamics, and mortality to site climate and soil characteristics as well as uncertainty in the allocation of carbon to the NSC pool. For a fairly wide set of assumptions, the model estimates captured elevational gradients and temporal patterns in growth and biomass. Model results that best predict mortality risk also yield productivity, leaf area, and biomass estimates that are qualitatively consistent with observations across the sites. Using this constrained set of parameters, we found that productivity and likelihood of survival were equally dependent on elevation-driven variation in temperature and precipitation. Our results demonstrate the potential for a coupled hydrology-ecosystem carbon cycling model that includes a simple model of NSC dynamics to predict drought-related mortality. Given that increases in temperature and in the frequency and severity of drought are predicted for a broad range of ponderosa pine and other western North America conifer forest habitats, the model potentially has broad utility for assessing ecosystem vulnerabilities.
Optimizing fishbone aisles for dual‐command operations in a warehouse

Unit‐load warehouses store and retrieve unit‐loads, typically pallets. When storage and retrieval operations are not coordinated, travel is from a pickup and deposit (P&D) point to a pallet location and back again. In some facilities, workers interleave storage and retrieval operations to form a dual‐command cycle. Two new aisle designs proposed by Gue and Meller (“Improving the unit‐load warehouse.” In Progress in Material Handling Research: 2006. Material Handling Industry of America, Charlotte, NC, 2006) use diagonal aisles to reduce the travel distance to a single pallet location by approximately 10 and 20[percnt] for the two designs, respectively. We develop analytical expressions for travel between pallet locations for one of these—the fishbone design. We then compare fishbone warehouses that have been optimized for dual‐command to traditional warehouses that have been optimized in the same manner, and show that an optimal fishbone design reduces dual‐command travel by 10–15%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 54: 389–403, 2009
An improved mu-law proportionate NLMS algorithm

In this paper, we propose an algorithm to improve the performance of the MU-LAW PNLMS algorithm (MPNLMS) for non-sparse impulse responses. Although the existing MPNLMS algorithm was recently proposed to achieve optimal proportionate step size for both large and small tap weights, it converges even slower than conventional NLMS algorithm for dispersive channels. The proposed approach adaptively estimates the sparsity of the impulse response to be identified. Then the estimation of this sparsity is incorporated into the IPNLMS algorithm to accordingly adjust its parameters. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Genetic Characterization of Legionella pneumophila Isolated from a Common Watershed in Comunidad Valenciana, Spain

Legionella pneumophila infects humans to produce legionellosis and Pontiac fever only from environmental sources. In order to establish control measures and study the sources of outbreaks it is essential to know extent and distribution of strain variants of this bacterium in the environment. Sporadic and outbreak-related cases of legionellosis have been historically frequent in the Comunidad Valenciana region (CV, Spain), with a high prevalence in its Southeastern-most part (BV). Environmental investigations for the detection of Legionella pneumophila are performed in this area routinely. We present a population genetics study of 87 L. pneumophila strains isolated in 13 different localities of the BV area irrigated from the same watershed and compare them to a dataset of 46 strains isolated in different points of the whole CV. Our goal was to compare environmental genetic variation at two different geographic scales, at county and regional levels. Genetic diversity, recombination and population structure were analyzed with Sequence-Based Typing data and three intergenic regions. The results obtained reveal a low, but detectable, level of genetic differentiation between both datasets, mainly, but not only, attributed to the occurrence of unusual variants of the neuA locus present in the BV populations. This differentiation is still detectable when the 10 loci considered are analyzed independently, despite the relatively high incidence of the most common genetic variant in this species, sequence type 1 (ST-1). However, when the genetic data are considered without their associated geographic information, four major groups could be inferred at the genetic level which did not show any correlation with sampling locations. The overall results indicate that the population structure of these environmental samples results from the joint action of a global, widespread ST-1 along with genetic differentiation at shorter geographic distances, which in this case are related to the common watershed for the BV localities.
The physical conditions in Gomez's Hamburger (IRAS 18059-3211), a pre-MS rotating disk

Aims. We aim to study the structure, dynamics, and physical conditions of Gomez’s Hamburger (IRAS 18059-3211; GoHam), and in particular confirm that GoHam mainly consists of a flaring disk in Keplerian rotation around a young, probably pre-MS star. Methods. We present high resolution SMA maps of 12 CO J = 2−1, 13 CO J = 2−1, 12 CO J = 3−2, and C 17 O J = 3−2, as well as data on 12 CO J = 6−5 and the continuum flux at these wavelengths. Spatial resolutions as high as 1 �� are attained. Except for the C 17 O data, the dynamical ranges are larger than 10. The maps are compared with a numerical model, which simulates the emission of a rotating disk with the expected general properties of such objects, and a very satisfactory fitting of our maps is obtained. The meaning and reliability of our results are thoroughly discussed. Results. Our observations allow measurement of the main properties of GoHam on scales of between ∼1 �� (∼5 × 10 15 cm, for the assumed distance, 300 pc) and the total extent of the nebula, 14 �� . We are able to measure the global structure of the gas-rich disk, which is found to be flaring, and its dynamics, which is clearly dominated by Keplerian rotation, with a small degree of turbulence. The combination of different lines, in particular of different opacities, allows us to estimate reasonably the distributions of gas temperature and density. We clearly find a significant and sharp increase in temperature at large distances from the equator, accompanied by a decrease in density of the same order. Finally, we identify a condensation in the southern part of the disk that has no counterparts in the northern nebula. This condensation is quite extended (about 5 × 10 15 cm), contains a significant amount of mass (roughly, ∼6 × 10 −3 M� ), and seems to be associated with a detectable distortion of the global rotation kinematics. We discuss several possible
Comparing teacher and student perspectives regarding the use of L1 in EFL chilean high school classrooms

In the Chilean context, English teachers are commanded to perform one hundred percent English classes, but unfortunately, this is not accomplished in every context; hence, this study decided to explore and compare teachers’ and students’ perspectives regarding the use of L1 in the EFL Chilean high school classroom. A quantitative instrument was applied to a total population of 510 being both teachers and students from different districts of Santiago. The results obtained in this study portrayed that both teachers and students agreed on the L1 usage under different situations, these ranging from grammar explanation lessons to managing discipline.
The role of women in tourism in KwaZulu-Natal

abstract In precolonial Africa patriarchal divisions of labour by gender emphasised and reinforced ‘normative’ women’s productive and reproductive roles (Guy, 1987; Eldredge, 1993). Vertical control of labour power by men denied most women the possession of cattle and land, which were the primary source of wealth. Such unequal relations bolstered chiefly power and precolonial state formation in Africa. Colonial and apartheid penetration in South Africa (SA) tapped into these local relations of gendered power, sometimes entrenching patriarchal schemas in collaboration with African men to suit colonial interests (Schmidt, 1992). These precolonial, colonial and apartheid patriarchal and gendered relations of power continued to be sustained within the public and private domains of SA (Bozzoli, 1983). The liberation struggle, and the Truth and Reconciliation Committee in the 1990s addressed political issues in the hope that political freedoms would inevitably tackle other wider social struggles. Such disparities in approach to freedom left the agency of previously disadvantaged groups, notably women, outside the scope of political attention, and frustrated women’s attempts to balance their pre-1994 accounts with the discourse of a democratic SA. Literature has much to say about how tourism benefits in the new SA should be extended to previously disadvantaged communities, mainly black people. As part of Local Economic Development vision and tourism policy initiative, the South African Government promotes a pro-poor tourism development strategy, local community participation, skills development, job creation, poverty reduction and, ultimately, tourism-based economic developments in black residential areas such as townships and rural villages. Examination of the current literature, however, suggests that gender inequality remains a strong component in tourism. Such unequal, gender-based relations impinge on the development of black African rural women in tourism. Using a case study of the South Coast of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) this article discusses the intersection of race and gender in the study of tourism in KZN and SA in general. It concludes that as the tourism industry grows in SA, attention should be given to analysis of the role of women, specifically black African rural women, as one of the innovative paradigms in tourism. There is a need for a fresh focus on the subjective development, fundamental issues and competitive advantage of black African rural women striving for a fair chance in the tourism economy.
Decomposing the level generation problem with tiles

Search based procedural content generation uses search techniques to locate high-quality content elements for use in games. This study specifies and tests an evolutionary-computation based system to generate tiles and plans that decompose the problem of assembling large levels. Evolutionary computation is used as an off-line tool to generate libraries of both tiles and assembly plans. Systems for rapidly assembling tile libraries can then be used to generate large levels on demand with combinatorially huge numbers of levels available. The study also introduces new fitness functions, generalizing early work on checkpoint based fitness for the evolution of mazes, that is especially well suited for tile creation. Tiles are generated using two different representations that yield tiles with very different appearances. The study demonstrates assemblies of large levels and outlines several directions for extending the work.
Famous faces and lexical-geographical knowledge as low effort tasks in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Parkinson's disease (PD) in detecting conversion to dementia

Hintergrund: Aufgrund der zunehmenden Moglichkeiten von pharmakologischer Behandlung ist die Fruherkennung von Demenz von groser Wichtigkeit. Die Uberprufung des semantischen Gedachtnisses mittels psychologischer Testverfahren scheint allem Anschein nach dafur geeignet zu sein. Ziele: Der Vorhersagegehalt zweier semantischer Gedachtnistests (Namen zu Gesichtern zuordnen: FACE und Hauptstadte zu Landern zuordnen: CITY) fur die Konversion zur Alzheimer Demenz wurde gepruft. Design: Patienten, welche uber kognitive Verschlechterung klagten und zur Abklarung von moglichen kognitiven Storungen in die Gedachtnisambulanz kamen, wurden in die Studie inkludiert. Um einen Langsschnitteinblick zu erhalten, wurde jede/r PatientIn zweimal getestet. Teilnehmer: 69 PatientInnen die uber kognitive Beschwerden klagten (Subjective Cognitive Decline), 72 PatientInnen welche die Kriterien einer leichten kognitiven Storung erfullten (Mild Cognitive Impairment) und 27 PatientInnen mit Morbus Parkinson (PD), waren fur die Teilnahme an der Studie geeignet. Ergebnisse: Der CITY ergab eine Flache unter Kurve (Area Under the Curve) von . 72 (.59 im FACE). Der CITY zeigte eine Sensitivitat fur die Konversion zur Alzheimer Demenz von . 71 (.57 fur den FACE) und eine Spezifitat von . 76 (.77 fur den FACE). Der Positive-Vorhersage-Wert (Positive Prediction Value) fur den CITY war . 14 (.12 fur den FACE). Der Negative-Vorhersage-Wert (Negative Prediction Value) fur den CITY war . 98 (.97 fur den FACE). Insgesamt konnte der CITY . 76 der Patienten richtig zuteilen (Overall ACCuracy). Der FACE erreichte eine ACC von . 76. Beide Tests konnten, nach der Korrektur von konfundierenden Variablen, nicht hinreichend zwischen SCD, MCI und PD, sowie deren Subtypen, differenzieren. Konklusion: Beide Tests zeigen Potential fur die Vorhersage der Alzheimer Demenz (der CITY jedoch in hoherem Ausmas). In der derzeitigen Version konnen sie jedoch mit Tests, welche das episodische Gedachtnis erheben, nicht mithalten. Dies liegt am Deckeneffekt in der Verteilung und dem Einfluss anderer Variablen auf die Testleistung. Um die Vorhersagekraft zu erhohen, sollten die Itemschwierigkeiten gesteigert werden. Die spezifische Objektivitat einzelner Items sollte mittels der „Item Response Theory“ gepruft werden.