Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional hydrodynamic core-collapse supernova simulations with spectral neutrino transport II. Models for different progenitor stars

Spherically symmetric (ID) and two-dimensional (2D) supernova simulations for progenitor stars between 11 M ⊙ and 25 M ⊙ are presented, making use of the PROMETHEUS/VERTEX neutrino-hydrodynamics code, which employs a full spectral treatment of neutrino transport and neutrino-matter interactions with a variable Eddington factor closure of the O(v/c) moments equations of neutrino number, energy, and momentum. Multi-dimensional transport aspects are treated by the "ray-by-ray plus" approximation described in Paper I. We discuss in detail the variation of the supernova evolution with the progenitor models, including one calculation for a 15 M ⊙ progenitor whose iron core is assumed to rotate rigidly with an angular frequency of 0.5 rad s -1 before collapse. We also test the sensitivity of our 2D calculations to the angular grid resolution, the lateral wedge size of the computational domain, and to the perturbations which seed convective instabilities in the post-bounce core. In particular, we do not find any important differences depending on whether random perturbations are included already during core collapse or whether such perturbations are imposed on a ID collapse model shortly after core bounce. Convection below the neutrinosphere sets in 30-40 ms after bounce at a density well above 10 12 g cm -3 in all 2D models, and encompasses a layer of growing mass as time goes on. It leads to a more extended proto-neutron star structure with reduced mean energies of the radiated neutrinos, but accelerated lepton number and energy loss and significantly higher muon and tau neutrino luminosities at times later than about 100ms after bounce. While convection inside the nascent neutron star turns out to be insensitive to our variations of the angular cell and grid size, the convective activity in the neutrino-heated postshock layer gains more strength in better resolved models. We find that low (l = 1, 2) convective modes, which require the use of a full 180 degree grid and are excluded in simulations with smaller angular wedges, can qualitatively change the evolution of a model. In case of an 11.2 M ⊙ star, the lowest-mass progenitor we investigate, a probably rather weak explosion by the convectively supported neutrino-heating mechanism develops after about 150ms post-bounce evolution in a 2D simulation with 180 degrees, whereas the same model with 90 degree wedge fails to explode like all other models. This sensitivity demonstrates the proximity of our 2D calculations to the borderline between success and failure, and stresses the need to strive for simulations in 3D, ultimately without the constraints connected with the axis singularity of a polar coordinate grid.
Ultrasonic assisted electrolytic grinding of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V

Aiming at the development of a novel grinding technology for the high efficient machining of difficult to machine materials such as titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, an ultrasonic assisted electrolytic grinding (UAEG) method was proposed. Firstly, an experimental apparatus was constructed by installing an electrolytic mechanism on an existing 3D CNC machine tool attached with an ultrasonic spindle. Then, after the performance test has been carried out for the constructed apparatus, UAEG experiments of Ti-6Al-4V specimen were conducted on the apparatus to investigate the effects of the ultrasonic vibration of grinding wheel and the electrolytic phenomenon on the grinding force and the work surface quality. The experimental results indicate that the ultrasonic assisted electrolytic grinding is greatly beneficial to the decrease in grinding force and the improvement in the work surface quality compared to conventional grinding.
A programmable on-chip picosecond jitter-measurement circuit without a reference-clock input

An on-chip jitter measurement circuit in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS is demonstrated, using a combination of a programmable delay line, interleaving PFD, and programmable charge pumps. The method does not require a reference clock. Interleaving PFD minimizes bias errors. Measurement linearity is 3.5 /spl mu/V/ps with an error of 1.03ps/sub rms/ for a 2GHz clock.
Correlates of risk of suicide in violent and nonviolent psychiatric patients.

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to identify variables that correlate with the risk of suicide in two patient groups that differ mainly in their level of expressed aggression. METHOD Twenty-eight psychiatric patients with a history of violent behavior who were in a forensic psychiatric facility were tested and compared to 28 psychiatric inpatients without a history of violence who were admitted to a large municipal hospital. Measures used included a battery of self-report questionnaires, with acceptable reliability and validity, that provided indices of risk of suicide, risk of violence, impulsivity, anger, anxiety, and various mood states. RESULTS The two groups, matched on demographic variables and overall risk of suicide, differed significantly on the measured risk of violence. The two groups showed similar patterns of correlations between risk of suicide and such variables as risk of violence, anger, fear, state and trait anxiety, lack of impulse control, suspiciousness, and rebelliousness. They differed in the correlation between suicide risk and depression. In the nonviolent patients there was a high correlation between risk of suicide and sadness; in the violent patients there was no correlation between these variables. CONCLUSIONS The low correlation between sadness and risk of suicide in the violent patients, and the low prevalence of affective disorder diagnoses in these patients compared to other patients, suggests that suicidal risk should be managed differently in highly violent patients than in others.
Personality disorders in adolescence and risk of major mental disorders and suicidality during adulthood.

BACKGROUND A community-based longitudinal study was conducted to investigate whether personality disorders (PDs) during adolescence increase the risk for Axis I psychiatric disorders and suicidality during early adulthood. METHOD Psychosocial and psychiatric interviews were administered to a representative community sample of 717 youths and their mothers from 2 counties in the state of New York in 1975, 1983, 1985-1986, and 1991-1993. Anxiety, disruptive, eating, mood, personality, and substance use disorders and suicidal ideation and behavior were assessed in 1983 and 1985-1986, when the participants were adolescents, and in 1991-1993, when they were young adults. RESULTS Adolescents with PDs were more than twice as likely as those without PDs to have anxiety, disruptive, mood, and substance use disorders during early adulthood. These associations remained statistically significant after co-occurring Axis I disorders during adolescence were controlled statistically. Cluster A, B, and C PDs and DSM-IV Appendix B PDs during adolescence were all associated with elevated risk for Axis I disorders during early adulthood after co-occurring Axis I and Axis II disorders during adolescence were controlled statistically. Cluster C PDs during adolescence were associated with elevated risk for suicidal ideation or behavior during early adulthood after co-occurring psychiatric disorders and suicidality during adolescence were controlled statistically. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents in the community with personality disorders are at elevated risk for major mental disorders and suicidal ideation or behavior during early adulthood. This increase in risk is not accounted for by co-occurring Axis I disorders or suicidality during adolescence.
Evaluation of the two bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament with 1.5 tesla magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVES Studies on the anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) have shown that the normal ACL consists of two functional bundles named as anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) bundles. In this study, we evaluated the AM and PL bundles of the ACL using 1.5 tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is routinely used in clinical practice. METHODS The study included 150 patients (96 females, 54 males; mean age 33.4+/-11.6 years; range 18 to 59 years) who did not have any signs of ACL insufficiency and whose knees were examined by MRI for other reasons. Standard magnetic resonance images (77 right, 73 left) were evaluated independently by an orthopedist and a radiologist in terms of distinguishable ACL bundles. The angle between the ACL (and each bundle) and the tibial plateau was measured on sagittal and coronal sections. Arthroscopic surgery was performed in 64 patients (42.7%) for primary diagnoses and arthroscopic and MRI findings were compared. RESULTS Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intact ACL in all the patients. The ACL was assessed as a single bundle in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes in 93 patients (62%). A double-bundle appearance was noted in 57 patients (38%), involving all three planes in 14 patients (9.3%), axial and coronal planes in 41 patients (27.3%), coronal and sagittal planes in one patient (0.7%), and only coronal plane in one patient (0.7%). On MRI sections showing a single bundle ACL, the mean angle between the ACL and the tibial plateau was found as 55.3 degrees in the sagittal plane, and 70.3 degrees in the coronal plane. On sections with a double-bundle appearance, the mean angles between the AM bundle and the tibial plateau were 70.1 degrees and 55.1 degrees in the coronal and sagittal planes, respectively. The corresponding angles for the PL bundle were 81 degrees and 53.5 degrees . The incidence of double bundle ACL appearance in coronal, sagittal, and axial MRI sections was not influenced by sex and side (p>0.05). The number of bundles identified in each plane did not show a significant difference between the two observers (p>0.05). During arthroscopic surgery, both bundles were identified with normal integrity and function of the ACL in all the patients. Of these, MRI could depict a double-bundle appearance in one or more planes in only 42.2% of the patients. CONCLUSION Even though standard 1.5 tesla MRI, routinely used in clinical practice, has a very high success rate in demonstrating the ACL, it can visualize the two-bundle structure only in about one-third of the patients.
Molecular regulation of GLUT-4 targeting in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Insulin stimulates glucose transport in muscle and adipose tissue by triggering the movement of the glucose transporter GLUT-4 from an intracellular compartment to the cell surface. Fundamental to this process is the intracellular sequestration of GLUT-4 in nonstimulated cells. Two distinct targeting motifs in the amino and carboxy termini of GLUT-4 have been previously identified by expressing chimeras comprised of portions of GLUT-4 and GLUT-1, a transporter isoform that is constitutively targeted to the cell surface, in heterologous cells. These motifs-FQQI in the NH2 terminus and LL in the COOH terminus- resemble endocytic signals that have been described in other proteins. In the present study we have investigated the roles of these motifs in GLUT-4 targeting in insulin-sensitive cells. Epitope-tagged GLUT-4 constructs engineered to differentiate between endogenous and transfected GLUT-4 were stably expressed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Targeting was assessed in cells incubated in the presence or absence of insulin by subcellular fractionation. The targeting of epitope-tagged GLUT-4 was indistinguishable from endogenous GLUT-4. Mutation of the FQQI motif (F5 to A5) caused GLUT-4 to constitutively accumulate at the cell surface regardless of expression level. Mutation of the dileucine motif (L489L490 to A489A490) caused an increase in cell surface distribution only at higher levels of expression, but the overall cells surface distribution of this mutant was less than that of the amino- terminal mutants. Both NH2- and COOH-terminal mutants retained insulin- dependent movement from an intracellular to a cell surface locale, suggesting that neither of these motifs is involved in the insulin- dependent redistribution of GLUT-4. We conclude that the phenylalanine- based NH2-terminal and the dileucine-based COOH-terminal motifs play important and distinct roles in GLUT-4 targeting in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Improved Analysis of Deterministic Load-Balancing Schemes

We consider the problem of deterministic load balancing of tokens in the discrete model. A set of n processors is connected into a d-regular undirected network. In every time step, each processor exchanges some of its tokens with each of its neighbors in the network. The goal is to minimize the discrepancy between the number of tokens on the most-loaded and the least-loaded processor as quickly as possible. Rabani et al. (1998) present a general technique for the analysis of a wide class of discrete load balancing algorithms. Their approach is to characterize the deviation between the actual loads of a discrete balancing algorithm with the distribution generated by a related Markov chain. The Markov chain can also be regarded as the underlying model of a continuous diffusion algorithm. Rabani et al. showed that after time T = O(log (Kn)/μ), any algorithm of their class achieves a discrepancy of O(d log n/μ), where μ is the spectral gap of the transition matrix of the graph, and K is the initial load discrepancy in the system. In this work we identify some natural additional conditions on deterministic balancing algorithms, resulting in a class of algorithms reaching a smaller discrepancy. This class contains well-known algorithms, e.g., the rotor-router. Specifically, we introduce the notion of cumulatively fair load-balancing algorithms where in any interval of consecutive time steps, the total number of tokens sent out over an edge by a node is the same (up to constants) for all adjacent edges. We prove that algorithms which are cumulatively fair and where every node retains a sufficient part of its load in each step, achieve a discrepancy of O(d√log n/μ ,d√n) in time O(T). We also show that in general neither of these assumptions may be omitted without increasing discrepancy. We then show by a combinatorial potential reduction argument that any cumulatively fair scheme satisfying some additional assumptions achieves a discrepancy of O(d) almost as quickly as the continuous diffusion process. This positive result applies to some of the simplest and most natural discrete load balancing schemes.
Serum Amyloid A Receptor Blockade and Incorporation into High-Density Lipoprotein Modulates Its Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Thrombotic Activities on Vascular Endothelial Cells

The acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA), a marker of inflammation, induces expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic mediators including ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and tissue factor (TF) in both monocytes/macrophages and endothelial cells, and induces endothelial dysfunction—a precursor to atherosclerosis. In this study, we determined the effect of pharmacological inhibition of known SAA receptors on pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic activities of SAA in human carotid artery endothelial cells (HCtAEC). HCtAEC were pre-treated with inhibitors of formyl peptide receptor-like-1 (FPRL-1), WRW4; receptor for advanced glycation-endproducts (RAGE), (endogenous secretory RAGE; esRAGE) and toll-like receptors-2/4 (TLR2/4) (OxPapC), before stimulation by added SAA. Inhibitor activity was also compared to high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a known inhibitor of SAA-induced effects on endothelial cells. SAA significantly increased gene expression of TF, NFκB and TNF and protein levels of TF and VEGF in HCtAEC. These effects were inhibited to variable extents by WRW4, esRAGE and OxPapC either alone or in combination, suggesting involvement of endothelial cell SAA receptors in pro-atherogenic gene expression. In contrast, HDL consistently showed the greatest inhibitory action, and often abrogated SAA-mediated responses. Increasing HDL levels relative to circulating free SAA may prevent SAA-mediated endothelial dysfunction and ameliorate atherogenesis.
Changes in Anthropometric Characteristics and Blood Pressure During Adolescence

Background: Studies suggest that sex differences in blood pressure (BP) are established early in life. Sex differences in BP increases that occur during adolescence may be due to differences in changes in anthropometric characteristics. Methods: Using sex-specific individual growth models, we assessed the effect of height, body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), waist circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness on changes in systolic BP in a cohort of 1293 adolescents in Montreal, Canada. BP and anthropometry were assessed biannually (1999/2000, 2002, 2004) at mean ages 12.8, 15.2, and 17.0. Results: On average, systolic BP increased by 11.1 mm Hg in boys and 3.2 mm Hg in girls during 5 years. Changes in height explained half of the overall increase in systolic BP in boys and virtually all of the increase in systolic BP in girls. No meaningful sex differences were observed in the association of changes in BMI, waist circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness with systolic BP change during 5 years. Increases in 1 BMI unit, 1 cm waist circumference, or 1 mm triceps or subscapular skinfold thickness were associated with increases of 0.7, 0.24, 0.3, and 0.4 mm Hg systolic BP, respectively. Conclusions: Although sex differences in mean systolic BP changes during adolescence were largely attributable to differences in gains in height, the effect of gaining weight or body fat on systolic BP change was similar in boys and girls.
Modifications to the C‐Terminus of Arf1 Alter Cell Functions and Protein Interactions

Arf family proteins are ≈21‐kDa GTP‐binding proteins that are critical regulators of membrane traffic and the actin cytoskeleton. Studies examining the complex signaling pathways underlying Arf action have relied on recombinant proteins comprised of Arf fused to epitope tags or proteins, such as glutathione S‐transferase or green fluorescent protein, for both cell‐based mammalian cell studies and bacterially expressed recombinant proteins for biochemical assays. However, the effects of such protein fusions on the biochemical properties relevant to the cellular function have been only incompletely studied at best. Here, we have characterized the effect of C‐terminal tagging of Arf1 on (i) function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, (ii) in vitro nucleotide exchange and (iii) interaction with guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase‐activating proteins. We found that the tagged Arfs were substantially impaired or altered in each assay, compared with the wild‐type protein, and these changes are certain to alter actions in cells. We discuss the results related to the interpretation of experiments using these reagents and we propose that authors and editors consistently adopt a few simple rules for describing and discussing results obtained with Arf family members that can be readily applied to other proteins.
The relationship between arteriovenous fistula success and inflammation

Abstract Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the most important vascular access method for hemodialysis (HD). In this study, the relationship between AVF success and inflammation in patients who had HD due to end-stage renal failure (ESRF) was investigated. Material and method: In the study, a total of 658 patients, who started HD for ESRF, were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 386 patients were included in this study. The demographic data and C-reactive protein, albumin and fibrinogen levels were investigated in patients with recognized success AVF. Results: In total 311 patients with successful AVF and 75 unsuccessful AVFs were found. In unsuccessful AVF group the average low albumin level, high C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels were found to be statistically meaningful when compared with successful AVF group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Conclusion: As a result, we think that the evaluation of inflammation before creating AVF in HD patients is very important for increasing the success of AVF.
Implicit Memory in Aging: Normal Transfer Across Semantic Decisions and Stimulus Format

To investigate the effect of aging on the fexibility of implicit memory, the current study compared the performance of elderly and young participants on semantic decision tasks in which the processing task or the stimulus format was varied across study and test. In Experiment 1, the required semantic decision (i.e., size judgments vs. corner judgments) either remained the same or was varied from study to test. In Experiment 2, the stimulus format of the item (i.e., pictures vs. words) either remained the same or was varied. Elderly participants demonstrated normal priming effects, and equivalent transfer across manipulations of processing task and across manipulations of stimulus format, despite showing a deficit in recognition memory compared with young participants. The results suggest that aging does not infuence the fexibility of implicit memory.
An Observational Study of Entrainment Rate in Deep Convection

This study estimates entrainment rate and investigates its relationships with cloud properties in 156 deep convective clouds based on in-situ aircraft observations during the TOGA-COARE (Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment) field campaign over the western Pacific. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study on the probability density function of entrainment rate, the relationships between entrainment rate and cloud microphysics, and the effects of dry air sources on the calculated entrainment rate in deep convection from an observational perspective. Results show that the probability density function of entrainment rate can be well fitted by lognormal, gamma or Weibull distribution, with coefficients of determination being 0.82, 0.85 and 0.80, respectively. Entrainment tends to reduce temperature, water vapor content and moist static energy in cloud due to evaporative cooling and dilution. Inspection of the relationships between entrainment rate and microphysical properties reveals a negative correlation between volume-mean radius and entrainment rate, suggesting the potential dominance of homogeneous mechanism in the clouds examined. In addition, entrainment rate and environmental water vapor content show similar tendencies of variation with the
The Level of Serum and Urinary Nephrin in Normal Pregnancy and Pregnancy with Subsequent Preeclampsia

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate serum and urinary nephrin levels of normal pregnancy to establish a standard reference value and to compare them with patients who subsequently developed preeclampsia (PE). Materials and Methods In this prospective study, 117 healthy singleton pregnancies were enrolled between 6 to 20 weeks of gestation at 2 participating medical centers during October 2010 to March 2012. Urine and serum samples were collected at the time of enrollment, each trimester, and at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for nephrin was performed and samples from patients who subsequently developed PE were compared to the normal patients. Results Of 117 patients initially enrolled, 99 patients delivered at the study centers and of those patients, 12 (12.1%) developed PE at a median gestational age of 34+4 weeks (range 29+5–36+6). In the normal patients (n=68), serum nephrin level decreased and urinary nephrin level increased during the latter of pregnancy. In 12 patients who subsequently developed PE, a significant rise in the 3rd trimester serum and urinary nephrin levels, compared to the controls, was observed (p<0.001), and this increase occurred 9 days prior to the onset of clinical disease. Conclusion As the onset of PE was preceded by the rise in the serum and urinary nephrin in comparison to normal pregnancy, serum and urinary nephrin may be a useful predictive marker of PE.