Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An exploration of personal, relational and collective well-being in nursing students during their training at a tertiary education institution

The well-being of nursing students has become crucial because of the multidimensional challenges that nursing professionals have to deal with. A community psychology framework was adopted in this study. The aim of the research was to explore the different dimensions of well-being as described by nursing students. A purposive and availability sample was used to gather qualitative data (interviews, focus groups and visual presentations) during 2008 and 2010 from first-year nursing students, which were thematically analysed. The emergent themes were grouped according to personal, relational and collective well-being. The findings indicated that nursing students’ personal well-being was undermined by a lack of autonomy, feelings of uncertainty, and feelings of pressure and disillusionment with the nursing profession and their training. Personal well-being was also described in terms of dispositional optimism and the need for a sense of purpose and deeper meaning. Relational well-being was expressed by the nursing students in relation to their friends, family and lecturers. The different relationships were important sources of comfort and encouragement. Their collective well-being was threatened by a challenging work environment, lack of role models in clinical settings as well as incongruence between theoretical training and practical application. Recommendations for improving the different dimensions of well-being are suggested. Opsomming Die welsyn van verpleegkundestudente het deurslaggewend geword as gevolg van die uiteenlopende uitdagings wat verpleegkundiges moet hanteer. ‘n Gemeenskapsielkunde raamwerk is in hierdie studie gebruik. Die doel van die navorsing was om die verskillende dimensies van welsyn van verpleegkundestudente te ondersoek. ‘n Doelgerigte en beskikbaarheidsteekproef is gebruik om kwalitatiewe data (onderhoude, fokusgroepe en visuele voorstellings) wat gedurende 2008 en 2010 van eerstejaar-verpleegkundestudente bekom is, deur middel van tematiese inhoudsontleding te analiseer. Die temas wat na vore gekom het, is gegroepeer volgens persoonlike, verhoudings- en gemeenskaplike welsyn. Die bevindinge het aangedui dat die verpleegkundestudente se persoonlike welsyn ondermyn word deur ‘n gebrek aan outonomie, gevoelens van onsekerheid en om onder druk te verkeer, asook ‘n ontnugtering met die verpleegkunde professie en opleiding. Persoonlike welyn is ook beskryf in terme van ‘n optimistiese ingesteldheid en die behoefte aan sinvolheid en ‘n dieper betekenis. Verhoudingswelsyn is deur die verpleegkundestudente uitgedruk in terme van hulle verhouding met hul vriende, familie en dosente. Die verskillende verhoudings word as belangrike bronne van ondersteuning en aanmoediging geag. Gemeenskaplike welsyn word bedreig deur ‘n uitdagende werksomgewing, die afwesigheid van rolmodelle in die kliniese omgewings asook die teenstrydigheid van die teoretiese opleiding met die praktiese toepassing daarvan. Aanbevelings vir die bevordering van welsyn in die verskillende dimensies word voorgestel.
Diagnosis of platelet function disorders: A standardized, rational, and modular flow cytometric approach

Abstract A high proportion of patients with mucocutaneous bleeding diathesis and suspected inherited or acquired platelet disorder remain without diagnosis even after comprehensive laboratory testing. Since flow cytometry allows investigation of resting and activated platelets on the single cell level by requiring only minimal amounts of blood, this method has become an important assay within the diagnostic algorithm, especially in pediatrics. We therefore developed a standardized and modular flow cytometric approach that contributes to clarify impaired platelet function in a rational step-by-step manner. Due to simultaneous analysis of four fluorophores in a basic panel design, we are able to readily detect the most common and clinically significant platelet disorders: Glanzmann thrombasthenia or Glanzmann-like diseases (fibrinogen receptor GPIIb-IIIa), Bernard–Soulier syndrome (von Willebrand-factor receptor complex GPIb-IX-V) and less well characterized β1-integrins that serve as the collagen, laminin or fibronectin receptor (CD29-CD49b, e and f, respectively). Platelet reactivity was investigated in response to the agonists adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin receptor activator peptide 6 (TRAP6) in suboptimal and optimal concentrations by quantifying surface expression of activation markers CD62P and CD63 as well as binding of PAC-1 antibody to the high affinity conformation of the fibrinogen receptor. For advanced diagnostic questions, several further modules were implemented: (i) calcium mobilization for evaluation of early signal transduction, (ii) a kinetically resolved mepacrine assay for estimation of delta-granule content and release, and (iii) a module to determine platelet reactivity upon additional agonists like the thromboxane A2-analogue U46619 or collagen. Blood withdrawn from a healthy control cohort allowed generating preliminary standard values for all parameters. The modules were validated by analysis of patients with known or suspected platelet defects (leukocyte-adhesion deficiency type III, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, sickle cell disease and chronic immune thrombocytopenia).
Public Service Motivation and the Assumption of Person—Organization Fit

This study contributes to our understanding of public service motivation by clarifying the mechanisms through which public service motivation influences employee attitudes previously linked to organizational performance. In particular, the authors find that the relationship between employee public service motivation and job satisfaction is mediated by the extent to which the employee perceives that his or her values are congruent with those of the public sector organization he or she works for. This study suggests that caution should be exercised when making claims regarding the effects of public service motivation and that greater emphasis should be placed on ways public sector organizations can foster employee—organization value congruence.
A Life Beyond Work? Job Demands, Work-Life Balance, and Wellbeing in UK Academics

SUMMARY Research findings from several countries suggest that academic work has become comparatively stressful, with potentially serious consequences for the workforce and the quality of higher education. This article reports the findings of a study that examined work demands, work-life balance and wellbeing in UK academic staff. Job demands and levels of psychological distress were high and working during evenings and weekends was commonplace. Most academics surveyed, however, were at least moderately satisfied with their jobs. Work-life balance was generally poor and most respondents wished for more separation between their work and home lives. Academics who reported more work-life conflict and perceived a greater discrepancy between their present and ideal levels of work-life integration tended to be less healthy, less satisfied with their jobs, and more likely to have seriously considered leaving academia. On the whole, academics that perceived more control over their work, more schedule flexibility and more support from their institutions had a better work-life balance. These factors, however, failed to moderate the relationship between work demands and perceptions of conflict between work and home.
Effects of Methylphenidate on Academic Achievement from First to Second Grade

The objectives of the current study were to identify the long‐term effects of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) on cognitive ability and academic achievement. A retrospective/longitudinal design was utilised in the study with dependent measures being scores from the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills (ITBS). The study included 17 experimental subjects who were identified with ADHD and placed on Methylphenidate between first and second grade. For each experimental child, a control child without ADHD was matched based on gender, Verbal IQ score, and family structure. Results of the study revealed that the Methylphenidate group's achievement was lower both before and after medication even after being matched on verbal abilities. The results also indicated that after receiving medication the Methylphenidate group's rate of learning was similar to the Control groups on Reading, Word Analysis, Listening, Vocabulary, and overall achievement. Finally, a positive relationship between dosage level and Listening subtest scores was .
Development of reading comprehension from middle childhood to adolescence: Distributional and qualitative analyses of two genres

The study considers the impact of cognitive development and discourse-based factors on the ability to understand different types of written texts from middle childhood across adolescence. Reading comprehension was examined by responses to four types of questions — literal, inferential, integrative, and metatextual — based on narrative and expository texts assigned to monolingual Hebrew speakers at four age-schooling levels (4th, 7th, 11th graders, and adults). Distributional analyses revealed higher scores on comprehension of narrative compared with expository texts in the two younger groups, with comprehension continuing to improve in both genres up to 11th grade and responses of high-school students close to those of the adult participants. Qualitative evaluations of responses to the different types of questions revealed progression from a superficial grasp of basic information to in-depth interpretation of the text as a whole, with more advanced reading comprehension manifested by the ability to combine an integrative approach to text comprehension with attention to specific details and to process information from diverse points of view.
Identification of Domains of Netrin UNC-6 that Mediate Attractive and Repulsive Guidance and Responses from Cells and Growth Cones

Netrin UNC-6 is a protein secreted from ventral cells that guides cell and growth cone migrations in Caenorhabditis elegans. Previously it was shown that UNC-6 domain V-2 regulates dorsal guidance activity and domain C regulates an activity that prevents the branching of axons when they respond to the N-terminal domains. Because these results indicate that the biological activities of UNC-6 are mediated through specific domains, we systematically examined each UNC-6 domain for guidance activities. Transgenic animals expressing UNC-6 derivatives with domain deletions and mutants with selective unc-6 loss-of-function mutations were analyzed. The results indicate that the VI, V-2, and V-3 domains are primarily required for dorsal migrations and the VI and V-3 domains are required for ventral migrations. These domains are likely important for responses mediated by the UNC-5 and UNC-40 receptors, respectively. Deletion of V-3 and a V-3 point mutation selectively affect either cell or growth cone migrations, indicating that each migration requires unique interactions with UNC-6. Deletion of domain VI or of a conserved eight amino acid motif within VI causes loss of all UNC-6 guidance activities, and mutations within domain VI selectively affect different guidance activities, suggesting that domain VI regulates each response to UNC-6. We propose that individual UNC-6 domains mediate different signals, which act in parallel to regulate the morphological changes necessary for guidance.
Les changements actuels des voyelles nasales du français parisien : confusions ou changement en chaine ?

An impressionistic phonetic analysis of more than 10 000 nasal vowels occurring in the speech of 42 Parisians born between 1907 and 1977 has been undertaken in order to test contradictory hypotheses about the nature of the changes in progress in the French nasal vowel system. The analysis includes a double approach to the data : on the individual level, we evaluate the number and nature of the nasal vowels, on the global level, we seek to trace how the entire spectrum of phonetic variants evolve over time for each nasal vowel. This approach, along with an examination of the influence of linguistic factors (such as stress), leads to a revaluation of the traditional hypotheses.
Displacement and Emplacement of Health Technology

The provision of “closer-to-patient” services has increased in most industrialized countries. However, the migration of services in non-traditional health care settings implies redefining the role of technical and human entities and transforming the nature and use of technologies and places. Drawing on various scholarly efforts to conceptualize space, place, and technology, this paper compares and contrasts satellite and mobile dialysis units implemented in two regions in the province of Quebec, Canada. The satellite units were hosted in two small, local hospitals where nursing staff had been recently trained. The mobile unit was a bus adapted to host five dialysis stations; nurses traveled back and forth between a university teaching hospital and two sites located within a radius of 7.6 miles. In both projects, nephrologists supervised from a distance via a videoconferencing system. Our aim is to illustrate the ways in which the displacement of technical and human entities gives shape to new forms of emplacement in non-traditional health care settings. The satellite and mobile units contributed to the culture of dialysis care and transformed the identity of nurses, doctors, patients, and technologies. By contrasting two projects involving different spatial and clinical logics, we analyze in what ways certain forms of recombination of human and technical entities can prove incomplete but nevertheless acceptable to providers and project managers.
Effects of Movements upon the Appearance and Duration of a Prolonged Visual Afterimage: 1. Changes Arising from the Movement of a Portion of the Body Incorporated in the Afterimaged Scene

Gregory et al. (1959) reported qualitative changes in the appearance of a prolonged visual afterimage (viewed in total darkness) which arise from body movements. This paper (part 1 of a two part series) reports an experiment in which 12 subjects were required to observe an afterimage (in total darkness) of no, one, or both of their hands against a simple background. Movement of the hands during the observation period gave rise to qualitative changes in the appearance, and quantitative changes in the duration, of the afterimage. The former were confined to the portion of the afterimage corresponding to the moved hand, and the duration of the afterimage increased with the more complex changes in the scene. As kinaesthetic and proprioceptive information that conflicts with the visual input affects both the duration and the appearance of the afterimage, the data offer some support for the hypothesis that the duration and appearance of a visual afterimage may not be solely dependent upon retinal processes.
No Evidence for a Food-Related Attention Bias after Thought Suppression

The aim of this study was to investigate whether food-related thought suppression results in an attention bias for food cues. Fifty-nine female students took part in the experiment. All completed a modified exogenous cueing task containing pictures of foods and toys with a similar valence (presentation duration: 250 ms and 1050 ms). Half of the participants were instructed to suppress thoughts about food and the other half was given control instructions, prior to completing the exogenous cueing task. No evidence was found for an enhanced cue validity effect for food cues after food-related thought suppression. Hence, the preliminary results do not provide support for the hypothesis that thought suppression is sufficient to yield an attention bias. Since the study was the first to employ an exogenous cueing task to study the attentional processing of food cues, replication is warranted.
How Vulnerability and Trust Interact During Extreme Events

The article discusses a theoretical model developed to predict the motivational dynamics of individuals facing extreme events. The model demonstrates how the imposed vulnerability of unexpected harmful events (e.g., natural disasters, accidents, serious illness) creates a second form of vulnerability for needy individuals when they rely on and cooperate with little-known others offering rescue and care. Trust in the relationship between a care provider and a care receiver is used as the link between two types of vulnerability to articulate the process through which individuals assess their care provider's trustworthiness. This article outlines an approach for future tests of the model's hypotheses and discusses practical implications of the model for improving public services that depend on cooperation from individuals in extreme need as well as its theoretical contributions.
Ubiquitin-dependent Degradation of Certain Protein Substrates in Vitro Requires the Molecular Chaperone Hsc70*

Degradation of a protein via the ubiquitin system involves two discrete steps, signaling by covalent conjugation of multiple moieties of ubiquitin and degradation of the tagged substrate. Conjugation is catalyzed via a three-step mechanism that involves three distinct enzymes that act successively: E1, E2, and E3. The first two enzymes catalyze activation of ubiquitin and transfer of the activated moiety to E3, respectively. E3, to which the substrate is specifically bound, catalyzes formation of a polyubiquitin chain that is anchored to the targeted protein. The polyubiquitin-tagged protein is degraded by the 26 S proteasome, and free and reutilizable ubiquitin is released. In addition to the three conjugating enzymes, targeting of certain proteins requires association with ancillary proteins and/or post-translational modification(s). Using a specific antibody to deplete cell extract from the molecular chaperone Hsc70, we demonstrate that this protein is required for the degradation of actin, α-crystallin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, α-lactalbumin, and histone H2A. In contrast, the degradation of bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, and oxidized RNase A is Hsc70-independent. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the chaperone is required for the conjugation reaction; however, it does not substitute for E3. Involvement of the chaperone in the proteolytic process requires complex formation with the substrate. Formation of this complex appears to be essential in the proteolytic process. In addition, the proper function of the chaperone in the proteolytic process requires the presence of K+, which allows rapid cycles of dissociation and association of the complex. The chaperone may act by binding to the substrate and unfolding it to expose a ubiquitin ligase-binding site. In addition, it can also act directly on the ubiquitination machinery.
Suzaku Studies of the Supernova Remnant CTB~109 Hosting the Magnetar 1E~2259+586

Ages of the magnetar 1E 2259+586 and the associated supernova remnant CTB~109 were studied. Analyzing the Suzaku data of CTB~109, its age was estimated to be $\sim$14~kyr, which is much shorter than the measured characteristic age of 1E 2259+586, 230 kyr. This reconfirms the previously reported age discrepancy of this magnetar/remnant association, and suggests that the characteristic ages of magnetars are generally over-estimated as compared to their true ages. This discrepancy is thought to arise because the former are calculated without considering decay of the magnetic fields. This novel view is supported independently by much stronger Galactic-plane concentration of magnetars than other pulsars. The process of magnetic field decay in magnetars is mathematically modeled. It is implied that magnetars are much younger objects than previously considered, and can dominate new-born neutron stars.
Mixed Messages: How Primary Agents of Socialization Influence Adolescent Females who Identify as Multiracial–Bisexual

The goals of this study were to highlight the often stigmatized and invisible identities of six female participants who identify as multiracial/biracial–bisexual/pansexual, focusing on the pre-college context. Findings, using in-depth interviews, indicated that the primary socializing agents within the pre-college context strongly influenced racial and sexual labels and whether participants integrated their identities or kept them separate. In addition, distance from significant others, in college, spurred further identity development. The findings are exploratory but highlight the relevance of socializing agents on adolescent identity development and the need for continued global support for individuals with multiple, marginal, fluid identities.
Stress, Social Support, and Adjustment of Adolescents in Middle School

Examined in this study were middle school stress, social supports, and adjustment of 482 sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade adolescents. Multiple regression analyses were used to relate differing types of stress and social support to students' self-concept, feelings of depression, and liking of school. The effects of adolescent characteristics (gender, grade level, grade point average, and education placement status) also were assessed. Results showed that higher academic stress and less emotional support from the family were related to lower academic self-concept, and higher peer stress and less companionship support from peers were associated with lower social self-concept. Emotional support from the family moderated the influence of peer stress on feelings of depression. Problem-solving support from adults outside the family moderated the effects of teacher/rules stress on adolescents' liking of school. The importance of identifying the linkages between types of stress, social support, and adjustment, using a developmental perspective, is discussed.
Variables Involved in Withdrawal During the First Two Years of College: Preliminary Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972

This study investigated the process of withdrawal from four-year and two-year institutions of higher education. Data were drawn from the base year and the first and second follow-ups of the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972. Results indicate that (1) women students are more likely to withdraw only in two-year colleges; (2) white students are more likely than black students to withdraw when other variables are controlled; (3) high school program, college grades, and educational aspiration account for most variance of withdrawal behavior; and, (4) the receipt of financial aid is not significantly related to college persistence.
The Influence of Campus Racial Climate on Diversity in Graduate Education

Persistent disparities in doctoral degree completion have led many institutions to hire graduate diversity officers (GDOs) to increase the presence of underrepresented minorities in graduate programs. This qualitative study of 14 GDOs considers how the dimensions of campus racial climate (CRC) influence the ability of GDOs to carry out this work. Findings suggest CRC can be applied to understanding institutional processes that affect diversity, and that internal and external climate-related forces affect the GDO’s recruitment and retention efforts. Thus, universities must go beyond demonstrating institutional commitment by creating GDO positions and attending to CRC to increase graduate diversity.