Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Counseling based on Sexual Self-Concept on the Sexual Health of Women in Reproductive Age

Sexual health is fundamental to the physical and emotional health and the basis of well-being of individuals, couples and families. Sexual health is considered as a measure to determine the level of social and economic development in countries. The World Health Organization states that, having sexual health, pleasurable sexual life and sexual awareness are among human rights, and considers counseling as an important method to enter into discussion on sexuality of people. Individuals’ sexual self-concept is an important factor that affects sexual health. It refers to understanding and conception of individuals from their sexuality. Therefore, counseling based on sexual self-concept can be effective in maintaining and improving sexual health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of counseling based on sexual self-concept on Women’s sexual health.
Use of the Health Belief Model for the Assessment of Public Knowledge and Household Preventive Practices in Karachi, Pakistan, a Dengue-Endemic City

Background Prevention is most effective in reducing dengue infection risk, especially in endemic countries like Pakistan. Evaluation of public awareness and health beliefs regarding dengue fever (DF) is important for devising disease control strategies. This study assessed dengue knowledge, health beliefs, and preventive practices against DF in different socioeconomic groups of Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology In this community-based cross-sectional study, 6 randomly selected towns were visited, 2 persons (man and woman) per household were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and household practices were observed. Information regarding DF was shared through a printed pamphlet. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of variables associated with dengue knowledge and practices was conducted. Principal Findings We interviewed 608 Karachi residents (mean age: 33.2 ± 13.35 years); 7.7%, 71.9%, and 20.4% had a high, middle, and low socioeconomic status, respectively. The mean knowledge score was 6.4 ± 2.10 out of 14. The mean preventive practices score was 9 ± 1.8 out of 17. Predictors of dengue knowledge were perceived threat (odds ratio [OR] = 1.802; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19–2.71; p = 0.005), self-efficacy (OR = 2.910; 95% CI = 1.77–4.76; p = 0.000), and television as an information source (OR = 3.202; 95% CI = 1.97–5.17; p = 0.000). Predictors of dengue preventive practices were perceived threat (OR = 1.502; 95% CI = 1.02–2.19; p = 0.036), self-efficacy (OR = 1.982; 95% CI = 1.34–2.91; p = 0.000), and dengue knowledge (OR = 1.581; 95% CI = 1.05–2.37; p = 0.028). Conclusions Public knowledge about DF is low in Karachi. Knowledge, threat perception, and self-efficacy are significant predictors of adequate dengue preventive practices. Prevention and control strategies should focus on raising awareness about dengue contraction risk and severity through television. Health messages should be designed to increase individual self-efficacy.
Problematic smartphone use relationship with pathological personality traits: Systematic review and meta-analysis

The present study aimed to investigate relationships between problematic use of smartphone and pathological personality traits. To do so, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis when sufficient information was presented. The literature search was conducted based on a search strategy including the keywords “smartphone” and “personality”. Variations were not included as we seek to increase the breadth of the search. Random effects models were used to generate standardized coefficient for meta-analysis. In total, the present study included 5 papers covering 6.096 participants. Our findings indicated a scarcity of studies meeting the criteria used, but evidence regarding the relationship between problematic use of smartphone and neuroticism and impulsivity traits were found. Meta-analysis using levels of problematic use of smartphone and neuroticism and impulsivity measures showed a significant and small to moderate effect size, with an observed heterogeneity (I2) equal to 97.26% (impulsivity) and 58.89% (neuroticism). More research should be carried out in the area, allowing the accumulation of evidence considering several personality pathological traits. The impulsivity and neuroticism traits should be further investigated, including studies with psychiatric samples. Future studies should seek to establish a standard for study design and assessment tools to be used.
Bmc Molecular Biology Antisense Oligonucleotide Induced Exon Skipping and the Dystrophin Gene Transcript: Cocktails and Chemistries

Background: Antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) can interfere with exon recognition and intron removal during pre-mRNA processing, and induce excision of a targeted exon from the mature gene transcript. AOs have been used in vitro and in vivo to redirect dystrophin pre-mRNA processing in human and animal cells. Targeted exon skipping of selected exons in the dystrophin gene transcript can remove nonsense or frame-shifting mutations that would otherwise have lead to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, the most common childhood form of muscle wasting.
From childhood to young adulthood: the importance of self-esteem during childhood for occupational achievements among young men and women

ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of self-esteem during childhood on men’s and women’s occupational prestige in young adulthood. By combining first-hand information from parents in the Swedish Level-of-Living surveys (LNU) 2000 and their children in the Child-LNU in 2000 and the follow-up study in LNU-2010, we are able to assess how self-esteem during adolescence is related to occupational prestige in adulthood. Multivariate analyses were used to determine whether associations between self-esteem (global and domain-specific) in childhood (aged 10–18 years) and occupational prestige in young adulthood (aged 20–28) exist and, if so, what the magnitudes of these associations are for each respective gender. For women, there is a positive association between confidence in mathematics and prestige, even when accounting for actual math grades. Global self-esteem is positively related to later occupational prestige as well. For men, self-esteem is unrelated to occupational prestige. Only actual performance in mathematics is important for men’s occupational achievements. These results indicate the importance of taking gender differences into account when investigating how self-esteem is related to outcomes in young adulthood. A possible implication is the importance of focusing on the development of self-esteem among children, particularly girls, in school.
Genetics and ecological speciation

Species originate frequently by natural selection. A general mechanism by which this occurs is ecological speciation, defined as the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations as a result of ecologically-based divergent natural selection. The alternative mechanism is mutation-order speciation in which populations fix different mutations as they adapt to similar selection pressures. Although numerous cases now indicate the importance of ecological speciation in nature, very little is known about the genetics of the process. Here, we summarize the genetics of premating and postzygotic isolation and the role of standing genetic variation in ecological speciation. We discuss the role of selection from standing genetic variation in threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a complex of species whose ancestral marine form repeatedly colonized and adapted to freshwater environments. We propose that ecological speciation has occurred multiple times in parallel in this group via a “transporter” process in which selection in freshwater environments repeatedly acts on standing genetic variation that is maintained in marine populations by export of freshwater-adapted alleles from elsewhere in the range. Selection from standing genetic variation is likely to play a large role in ecological speciation, which may partly account for its rapidity.
Sensitivity Analysis for Reversal Distance and Breakpoint Reuse in Genome Rearrangements

Identifying syntenic regions and quantifying evolutionary relatedness between genomes by interrogating genome rearrangement events is one of the central goals of comparative genomics. However, identification of synteny blocks and the resulting assessment of genome rearrangements are dependent on the choice of conserved markers, the definition of conserved segments, and the choice of various parameters that are used to construct such segments for two genomes. In this work, we performed an extended sensitivity analysis of synteny block generation using alternative sets of markers in multiple genomes. A simple approach to synteny block aggregation is used, which depends on two principle parameters: the maximum gap (max gap) between adjacent blocks to be merged, and the minimum length (min len) of synteny blocks. In particular, the dependence on the choice of conserved markers and max gap/min len aggregation parameters is assessed for two important quantities that can be used to characterize evolutionary relationships between genomes, namely the reversal distance and breakpoint reuse. We observe that the number of synteny blocks depends on both parameters, while the reversal distance depends mostly on min len. On the other hand, we observe that relative reversal distances between mammalian genomes, which are defined as ratios of distances between different pairs of genomes, are nearly constant for both parameters. Similarly, the breakpoint reuse rate was found to be almost constant for different data sets and a wide range of parameters. Breakpoint reuse is also strongly correlated with evolutionary distances, increasing for pairs of more divergent genomes. Finally, we demonstrate that the role of parameters may be further reduced by using a multi-way analysis that involves markers conserved in multiple genomes, which opens a way to guide the choice of a correct parameterization.
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes Predicting Declines in Physical Function in Persons with Multiple Chronic Medical Conditions: What We Can Learn from the Medical Problem List

Background: Primary care physicians are caring for increasing numbers of persons with comorbid chronic illness. Longitudinal information on health outcomes associated with specific chronic conditions may be particularly relevant in caring for these populations. Our objective was to assess the effect of certain comorbid conditions on physical well being over time in a population of persons with chronic medical conditions; and to compare these effects to that of hypertension alone.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Positively Selected Genes in Seasonal and Non-Seasonal Breeding Species

Some mammals breed throughout the year, while others breed only at certain times of year. These differences in reproductive behavior can be explained by evolution. We identified positively-selected genes in two sets of species with different degrees of relatedness including seasonal and non-seasonal breeding species, using branch-site models. After stringent filtering by sum of pairs scoring, we revealed that more genes underwent positive selection in seasonal compared with non-seasonal breeding species. Positively-selected genes were verified by cDNA mapping of the positive sites with the corresponding cDNA sequences. The design of the evolutionary analysis can effectively lower the false-positive rate and thus identify valid positive genes. Validated, positively-selected genes, including CGA, DNAH1, INVS, and CD151, were related to reproductive behaviors such as spermatogenesis and cell proliferation in non-seasonal breeding species. Genes in seasonal breeding species, including THRAP3, TH1L, and CMTM6, may be related to the evolution of sperm and the circadian rhythm system. Identification of these positively-selected genes might help to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying seasonal and non-seasonal reproductive behaviors.
Serving Transgender Clients in the Digital Age

Abstract People who are transgender are vulnerable to reported isolation and mental health concerns. Limited access to mental health counselors has an increased negative impact on persons who are transgender. The digital age has advanced electronic communication and interaction increasing connection of marginalized populations to each other and may benefit geographically isolated persons with limited access to culturally competent mental health providers. This article outlines benefits of technological interventions and provides recommendations to deliver culturally competent technology-infused transgender affirming mental health counseling.
Distributed consensus and optimization under communication delays

We study the effects of communication delays in distributed consensus and optimization algorithms. We propose two ways to model delays. First, assuming each edge of a communication network has a fixed delay, we characterize the consensus value exactly as a function of the delays and edge weights and obtain convergence rate bounds using results from non-reversible Markov chains. Second, we propose a novel way to model random delays per edge. Our model allows the reception of multiple delayed messages from the same sender in the same time slot, a situation that can happen in practice. Both models admit a description of the consensus updates in the presence of delays via linear equations. Finally, we briefly discuss how to apply our delay models to analyze distributed optimization algorithms in the presence of delayed information.
The Hyperset Theory – to a new Ontology of Mathematics Dissertation-Resume

Contents Introduction Part I: Structuralism versus Platonism 1. Actual versus potential 2. About the failure of the " classical " solutions of paradoxes  Russell failure  Godel-Bernais failure  Zermelo failure 3. Hyperset Theory as overtaking the difficulty 4. What is a set? 5. A new Ontology of Mathematics 6. How is it possible a Model Theory for Set Theory? 7. The overtake of the Identity through Observational Equivalence Part II: Languages and Modal Systems 1. A Kripke semantic for Modal Logic 2. Modal characterization of set-theoretical entities 3. Baltag's theorems for modal characterization 4. Modal sentences as partial descriptions 5. Anti-Foundation Axiom in Baltag's formulation 6. The relationship between Kripke structures and Modal Theories 7. About the " modal means " of set-theoretical entities; Denotation function 8.
NGO intervention in jihadist conflicts: a closer look at Afghanistan and Somalia

ABSTRACT Research suggests that an increase in the number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) will increase terrorist attacks. However, the nuances of this relationship are unknown. This study seeks to examine the role that NGO activities have on terrorist activities in conflict areas. Specifically, it is hypothesized that, in regions where the terrorist organization (TO) holds jihadist beliefs, international NGOs will be viewed as threatening representatives of non-Islamic interests. Therefore, an increase in NGO activities will incite an increase in TO violence directed towards NGOs and foreign forces, as TOs seek to deter and eliminate non-Islamic influences. These hypothesized relationships are examined using data from the Global Terrorism Database in Afghanistan and Somalia between 1994 and 2013. Time series analyses indicate support in Somalia: an increase in select NGO activities significantly increases attacks targeting NGOs and foreign forces. Afghanistan demonstrates partial support: an increase in select NGO activities significantly increases attacks targeting NGOs but does not influence attacks targeting foreign forces.
Meta-analysis of the effects of health promotion intervention in the workplace on depression and anxiety symptoms

Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate whether different types of health promotion intervention in the workplace reduce depression and anxiety symptoms. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was undertaken on workplace health promotion published during the period 1997–2007. Studies were considered eligible for inclusion if they evaluated the impact of an intervention using a valid indicator or specific measure of depression or anxiety symptoms. The standardized mean difference was calculated for each of the following three types of outcome measures: depression, anxiety, and composite mental health. Results Altogether 22 studies were found that met the inclusion criteria, with a total sample size of 3409 employees postintervention, and 17 of these studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing 20 intervention–control comparisons. The pooled results indicated small, but positive overall effects of the interventions with respect to symptoms of depression [SMD 0.28, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.12–0.44] and anxiety (SMD 0.29, 95% CI 0.06–0.51), but no effect on composite mental health measures (SMD 0.05, 95% CI -0.03–0.13). The interventions that included a direct focus on mental health had a comparable effect on depression and anxiety symptoms, as did the interventions with an indirect focus on risk factors. Conclusions When the aim is to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in employee populations, a broad range of health promotion interventions appear to be effective, although the effect is small.
When Can Herbivores Slow or Reverse the Spread of an Invading Plant? A Test Case from Mount St. Helens

Here we study the spatial dynamics of a coinvading consumer‐resource pair. We present a theoretical treatment with extensive empirical data from a long‐studied field system in which native herbivorous insects attack a population of lupine plants recolonizing a primary successional landscape created by the 1980 volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens. Using detailed data on the life history and interaction strengths of the lupine and one of its herbivores, we develop a system of integrodifference equations to study plant‐herbivore invasion dynamics. Our analyses yield several new insights into the spatial dynamics of coinvasions. In particular, we demonstrate that aspects of plant population growth and the intensity of herbivory under low‐density conditions can determine whether the plant population spreads across a landscape or is prevented from doing so by the herbivore. In addition, we characterize the existence of threshold levels of spatial extent and/or temporal advantage for the plant that together define critical values of “invasion momentum,” beyond which herbivores are unable to reverse a plant invasion. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for successional dynamics and the use of biological control agents to limit the spread of pest species.
A WFI survey in the Chamaeleon II dark cloud

Aims. We present the results of an optical multi-band survey for low-mass pre-main sequence (PMS) stars and young brown dwarfs (BDs) in the Chamaeleon II (Cha II) dark cloud. This survey constitutes the complementary optical data to the c2d Spitzer Legacy survey in Cha II. Methods. Using the wide-field imager (WFI) at the ESO 2.2 m telescope, we surveyed a sky area of about 1.75 square degrees in Cha II. The region was observed in the R c , I c , and z broad-bands, in Hα and in two medium-band filters centred at 856 and 914 nm. We selected PMS star and young BD candidates using colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) and theoretical isochrones reproduced ad-hoc for the WFI at the ESO2.2m telescope system. We reinforced the selection criteria by using the previously known PMS stars in Cha II to define the PMS locus on the CMDs and by investigating the infrared (IR) colours of the candidates. By exploiting the WFI intermediate-band photometry we also estimated the effective temperature and the level of Hα emission of the candidates. Results. Our survey, which is one of the largest and deepest optical surveys conducted so far in Cha II, recovered the majority of the PMS stars and 10 member candidates of the cloud from previous IR surveys. In addition, the survey revealed 10 new potential members. From our photometric characterisation, we estimate that some 50% of the 20 candidates will result in true Cha II members. Based on our temperature estimates, we conclude that several of these objects are expected to be sub-stellar and give a first estimate of the fraction of sub-stellar objects.
The Extended Tails of Palomar 5: A 10° Arc of Globular Cluster Tidal Debris

Using wide-field photometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we recently showed that the Galactic globular cluster Palomar 5 is in the process of being tidally disrupted. Its tidal tails were initially detected in a 2. °5 wide band along the celestial equator. A new analysis of SDSS data for a larger field now reveals that the tails of Pal 5 have a much larger spatial extent and can be traced over an arc of 10° on the sky, corresponding to a projected length of 4 kpc at the distance of the cluster. The tail that trails behind the Galactic motion of the cluster fades into the field at an angular distance of 6. °5 from the cluster center but shows a pronounced density maximum between 2° and 4° from the center. The leading tail, of length 3. °5, extends down to the border of the available field and thus presumably continues beyond it. The projected width of these tails is small and almost constant (FWHM ∼ 120 pc), which implies that they form a dynamically cold and hence long-lived structure. The number of former cluster stars found in the tails adds up to about 1.2 times the number of stars in the cluster, that is, the tails are more massive than the cluster in its present state. The radial profile of stellar surface density in the tails approximately follows a power law rγ with -1.5 ≤ γ ≤ -1.2. The stream of debris from Pal 5 is significantly curved, which demonstrates its acceleration by the Galactic potential. The stream sets tight constraints on the geometry of the cluster's Galactic orbit. We conclude that the cluster is presently near the apocenter but has repeatedly undergone disk crossings in the inner part of the Galaxy leading to strong tidal shocks. Using the spatial offset between the tails and the cluster's orbit, we estimate the mean drift rate of the tidal debris and thus the mean mass-loss rate of the cluster. Our results suggest that the observed debris originates mostly from mass loss within the last 2 Gyr. The cluster is likely to be destroyed after the next disk crossing, which will happen in about 100 Myr. There is strong evidence against the suggestion that Pal 5 might be associated with the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy.