Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power and Contingency in Planning

In this paper we analyse the role and reception of poststructuralist perspectives on power in planning since the 1990s, and then ask whether a renewed encounter with the works of poststructuralist theorists Foucault, Deleuze, and Luhmann could add something to the points that were already made. We make a distinction between the power of planning (the impact in society), power in planning (relations between players active in planning), and power on planning (the influence of broader society on the planning system), to refine the analysis of planning/power. It is argued that an interpretation of Deleuze, Luhmann, and Foucault, as thinkers of power in a theoretical framework that is based on the idea of contingency, can help to refine the analysis of power in planning. Planning then can be regarded as a system in other systems, with roles, values, procedures, and materialities in constant transformation, with the results of each operation serving as input for the next one. The different power relations constitute the possibilities, the forms, and the potential impact of planning.
Evaluación de la Felicidad: Análisis Psicométrico de la Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva en Población Chilena

El objetivo de esta investigacion fue evaluar las propiedades psicometricas de la escala de Felicidad Subjetiva (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999). El objetivo del primer estudio, en que participaron 300 personas de poblacion general, fue estimar confiabilidad (consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal) y validez de constructo de la escala. El segundo estudio, donde participaron 779 personas, tuvo por objetivo obtener indicadores definitivos de confiabilidad y validez en muestras con rangos etarios diversos. Ademas, evaluo validez convergente y divergente con los instrumentos: Inventario de Depresion de Beck (BDI), Cuestionario de los Cinco Grandes (BFI), y Cuestionario de Optimismo Disposicional (LOT-R). Los principales resultados del primer estudio muestran un alfa de . 78 y estabilidad temporal de . 61 (8 semanas de diferencias) y una estructura factorialmente pura. Para el segundo estudio la estimacion de la confiabilidad estuvo entre . 73 y . 87 en las diversas muestra estudiadas; se encontro una estructura factorialmente pura; las correlaciones entre la escala de felicidad subjetiva y los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar validez convergente y divergente fueron adecuadas y altamente significativas en la linea de lo esperado teoricamente. La evidencia indica adecuacion de la escala para su utilizacion en la evaluacion de este constructo en poblacion chilena.
Increasing Rejection of Intimate Partner Violence

This study extends existing world society research on ideational diffusion by going beyond examinations of national policy change to investigate the spread of ideas among nonelite individuals. Specifically, I test whether recent trends in women’s attitudes about intimate partner violence are converging toward global cultural scripts. Results suggest that global norms regarding violence against women are reaching citizens worldwide, including in some of the least privileged parts of the globe. During the first decade of the 2000s, women in 23 of the 26 countries studied became more likely to reject intimate partner violence. Structural socioeconomic or demographic changes, such as urbanization, rising educational attainment, increasing media access, and cohort replacement, fail to explain the majority of the observed trend. Rather, women of all ages and social locations became less likely to accept justifications for intimate partner violence. The near uniformity of the trend and speed of the change in attitudes about intimate partner violence suggest that global cultural diffusion has played an important role.
Relationship of Dopamine Type 2 Receptor Binding Potential With Fasting Neuroendocrine Hormones and Insulin Sensitivity in Human Obesity

OBJECTIVE Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, which are involved with reward and motivation, are modulated by hormones that regulate food intake (insulin, leptin, and acyl ghrelin [AG]). We hypothesized that these hormones are associated with deficits in DA signaling in obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We assessed the relationships between fasting levels of insulin and leptin, and AG, BMI, and insulin sensitivity index (SI) with the availability of central DA type 2 receptor (D2R). We measured D2R availability using positron emission tomography and [18F]fallypride (radioligand that competes with endogenous DA) in lean (n = 8) and obese (n = 14) females. Fasting hormones were collected prior to scanning and SI was determined by modified oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS Parametric image analyses revealed associations between each metabolic measure and D2R. The most extensive findings were negative associations of AG with clusters involving the striatum and inferior temporal cortices. Regional regression analyses also found extensive negative relationships between AG and D2R in the caudate, putamen, ventral striatum (VS), amygdala, and temporal lobes. SI was negatively associated with D2R in the VS, while insulin was not. In the caudate, BMI and leptin were positively associated with D2R availability. The direction of associations of leptin and AG with D2R availability are consistent with their opposite effects on DA levels (decreasing and increasing, respectively). After adjusting for BMI, AG maintained a significant relationship in the VS. We hypothesize that the increased D2R availability in obese subjects reflects relatively reduced DA levels competing with the radioligand. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for an association between the neuroendocrine hormones and DA brain signaling in obese females.
The effects of students' backgrounds and attitudes on computer skills in Malaysia

This study investigates whether students with different backgrounds and attitudes towards computers influence their levels of computer skills. All Form Five (GCE 'O' Level equivalent) students from three different types of schools in the rural district of Segamat, Malaysia were sampled. The t-test and ANOVA results show that there were significantly different influences of the types of schools they enrolled in, their computer ownership and computer club memberships on their computer skills. The findings also revealed significant correlation between the four computer attitude subscales and the students' computer skills. Suggestions are provided on how the students' level of computer skills could be improved.
Different cortical organization of visceral and somatic sensation in humans

Sensory stimuli from the visceral domain exhibit perceptual characteristics different from stimuli applied to the body surface. Compared with somatosensation there is not much known about the cortical projection and functional organization of visceral sensation in humans. In this study, we determined the cortical areas activated by non‐painful electrical stimulation of visceral afferents in the distal oesophagus, and somatosensory afferents in the median nerve and the lip in seven healthy volunteers using whole‐head magnetoencephalography. Stimulation of somatosensory afferents elicited short‐latency responses (≈ 20–60 ms) in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) contralateral (median nerve) or bilateral (lip) to the stimulated side, and long‐latency responses (≈ 60–160 ms) bilaterally in the second somatosensory cortex (SII). In contrast, stimulation of visceral oesophageal afferents did not evoke discernible responses in SI but well reproducible bilateral SII responses (≈ 70–190 ms) in close vicinity to long‐latency SII responses following median nerve and lip stimuli. Psychophysically, temporal discrimination of successive stimuli became worse with increasing stimulus repetition rates (0.25 Hz, 0.5 Hz, 1 Hz, 2 Hz) only for visceral oesophageal, but not for somatosensory median nerve stimuli. Correspondingly, amplitudes of the first cortical response to oesophageal stimulation emerging in the SII cortex declined with increasing stimulus repetition rates whereas the earliest cortical response elicited by median nerve stimuli (20 ms SI response) remained unaffected by the stimulus frequency. Our results indicate that visceral afferents from the oesophagus primarily project to the SII cortex and, unlike somatosensory afferents, lack a significant SI representation. We propose that this cortical projection pattern forms the neurophysiological basis of the low temporal and spatial resolution of conscious visceral sensation.
Liver transplantation for HCV‐associated liver cirrhosis: Predictors of outcomes in a population with significant genotype 3 and 4 distribution

End‐stage liver disease associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is now the leading indication for liver transplantation in adults. However, reinfection of the graft is universal. We aimed to determine predictors of outcome of HCV‐liver transplant recipients in the Australian and New Zealand communities. The following variables were analysed: demographic factors, coexistent pathology at the time of transplantation, HCV genotype, and donor age. Outcomes measures were: 1. mortality; 2. development of HCV‐related complications, which were stage 3 or 4 fibrosis, or mortality from HCV‐related graft failure, or both. Between January 1989 and December 30, 1999, 182 patients were transplanted for HCV‐associated cirrhosis. The median follow‐up period was 4 years (range, 0 to 13 years). Genotype data were available on 157 patients. The distribution of genotypes among the 157 patients was as follows: 36 (23%) genotype 1a, 30 (19%) genotype 1b, 4 (9%) genotype 1, 17 (11%) genotype 2, 41 (26%) genotype 3a, and 16 (10%) genotype 4. Eight (5%) patients were HCV‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐negative (but HCV‐antibody‐positive). Donor age and genotype 4 were associated with an increased risk of retransplantation or death (P < .001 and .05, respectively). Meanwhile, donor age, genotype 4, and pretransplant excess alcohol were risk factors for the development of HCV‐related complications (P = .004, .008, and .02, respectively). In contrast, patients with genotype 3a were less likely to develop HCV‐related complications (P = .05). In a population of HCV liver transplant recipients with a heterogeneous genotype distribution, donor age, and genotype 4, were predictors of a worse outcome, whereas genotype 3 was associated with a more favorable outcome.
FtsZ-ZapA-ZapB Interactome of Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Bacterial cell division relies on the formation and contraction of the Z ring, coordinated and regulated by a dynamic protein complex called the divisome. The cell division factor ZapA interacts directly with FtsZ and thereby increases FtsZ protofilament association and Z-ring stability. Here, we investigated ZapB interaction with ZapA and its effect on Z-ring formation and FtsZ protofilament bundling. The combination of the ftsZ84 allele that encodes an FtsZ variant that polymerizes inefficiently with a zapB null mutant resulted in a synthetic defective phenotype. Overproduction of ZapA led to the formation of aberrant FtsZ helical structures and delocalization of ZapB. The N-terminal end of ZapB was essential for ZapB-ZapA interaction, and amino acid changes close to the N terminus of ZapB exhibited reduced interaction with ZapA. Sedimentation assays showed that ZapB interacts strongly with ZapA and reduces ZapA's interaction with FtsZ in vitro. The morphology of the structures formed by ZapA and ZapB together was similar to the cables formed by ZapB in the presence of CaCl2, a known ZapB bundling agent. The in vivo and in vitro data support a model in which ZapA interacts strongly with ZapB and the ZapA-ZapB interaction is favored over ZapA-FtsZ.
Phase II Evaluation of Docetaxel-Modulated Capecitabine in Previously Treated Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: Based on the preclinical observation of upregulation of thymidine phosphorylase, the last enzymatic step in the conversion of capecitabine to 5-fluorouracil, by docetaxel along with good clinical tolerability of the combination of docetaxel and capecitabine using an optimized schedule in a previous phase I trial, we conducted this phase II study of this combination in patients with refractory or relapsed non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: Patients with NSCLC previously treated with at least one platinum- or paclitaxel-based regimen received docetaxel 36 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 and capecitabine 625 mg/m2 twice daily on days 5 to 18, every 4 weeks. The primary objective of the study was evaluation of progression-free survival (PFS) 26 weeks from initiation of treatment. Results: Thirty-six evaluable patients received 104 cycles of the combination. Severe toxicities were infrequent with only one patient requiring toxicity-related hospitalization. The 26-week PFS rate was 25% (95% confidence interval, 12-42) with an intent to treat median survival and 1-year survival rate of 9.1 months and 37%, respectively. Among 31 patients with measurable disease (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria), eight (26%; 95% confidence interval, 12-45) achieved partial responses. Conclusion: The combination of capecitabine and weekly docetaxel is well tolerated in previously treated patients with NSCLC. The relatively high 26-week PFS and 1-year survival, as well as the high response rate observed, encourages further evaluation of this regimen in NSCLC, either in randomized trials for refractory patients or as a potential treatment option for chemotherapy naive patients.
The relationship between personality and preference for either arthouse or mainstream movies

In this study, the relationship between personality and a preference for either arthouse or mainstream movies is investigated. Research on this topic is very ample. By means of a survey, personality is assessed using the NEO-FFI and preference for either type of movies is assessed by using nine statements and summaries based on non-existent movies. The subjects were mainly University students. Results show that a significant effect has been found between a preference for arthouse movies (based on the nine statements) and the openness personality trait. The summaries didn’t measure a difference between arthouse and mainstream, therefore a suggestion for future research is using scenes from real movies instead of movie summaries.
Knowledge for Direct Social Work Practice: An Analysis of Trends

This article reviews selected trends in the knowledge base of direct social work practice over the past quarter century: burgeoning diversity in practice approaches; new views of the client‐practitioner relationship; the development of multilevel intervention models; the emergence of family therapy approaches; increasing focus on action, meaning, and information in client helping services; and growing attention to scientifically based practice. These trends are analyzed as products of practice movements, which experience cycles of growth, change, and decline, leaving legacies in the form of additions to the core knowledge of the profession.
A Study of Dominant Motives Among College Students

The present study assessed Chinese college students’ motivation by measuring their personal strivings and proposed 17 major motives. These motives could be grouped into three dimensions: self—other or society, material or biology – spirituality, and appearance – inner motives. Among these 17 motives, the most popular four motives were Self-Improvement, Achievement, Enjoyment, and Health. In general, male students exhibited significantly higher Achievement than female students, and female students showed significantly higher Intimacy, Enjoyment, Good Appearance, and Environmental Protection than male students.
But we’re here to help! Positive buffers of the relationship between outsider incivility and employee outcomes

Incivility from sources outside the organization (e.g., customers, patients) is increasingly recognized as an important workplace stressor, having been linked to a variety of negative outcomes. It is therefore becoming more important to understand not only the negative effects of outsider incivility, but also potential buffers of these negative effects. As such, the current study sought to explore the impact of outsider incivility directed towards emergency workers (called “victim” incivility) and to identify and test potential positive psychological buffers of the relationship between victim incivility and burnout, physical symptoms and objective absenteeism. Specifically, utilizing a resource perspective, we sought to determine whether work engagement and empathy buffered these negative effects. Survey data from 208 firefighters at two time points showed that victim incivility predicted burnout, physical symptoms and absenteeism, and that both engagement and empathy ameliorated some negative outcomes of victim incivility, including burnout and physical symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications of the research are discussed and areas for future research are proposed.
Comparing Apples to Apples or Apples to Oranges: The Role of Mental Representation in Choice Difficulty

Contrary to the general view that decision difficulty is a stable characteristic of specific choice sets, the authors propose that decision difficulty depends on how the choice set is mentally represented. Comparing the difficulty associated with comparable and noncomparable choice sets, the authors find that changes in mental representation can make the same choice feel more or less difficult. They propose that the representation level influences the type of decision criterion that becomes readily available; whether this available criterion is appropriate for comparing the options in turn affects choice difficulty. Four studies demonstrate the proposed effect of representation level on the difficulty of comparable and noncomparable choices and its downstream implications for decision satisfaction.
Study of the functional anatomy of bovine cervical mucosa with special reference to mucus secretion and sperm transport

The bovine cervical mucosa was investigated with respect to structure, mucus secretory pattern, and sperm transport. Structural investigation included stereomicroscopic examination of surface‐stained tissue blocks and graphic reconstruction of serial sections by using both computer‐generated and Plexiglas models. Histochemistry of the mucosa was evaluated in follicular‐and luteal‐phase animals. Alcian blue, periodic acid Schiff, and high‐iron diamine were utilized to distinguish sialomucins, sulfomucins, and neutral mucins. Location and orientation of cervical sperm in follicular phase animals were evaluated 12 h postmating by using light and electron microscopy. Cervical mucosa was characterized by longitudinal primary folds, most of which maintained continuity throughout the cervix. Superimposed on these were secondary folds which varied in length and depth. Abundant, shallow, uniformly spaced, and parallel longitudinal “grooves” covered all surfaces. Grooves had greater continuity in regions distal, as opposed to proximal, to the cervical canal. Blind‐ending glands or crypts were not apparent. Follicular‐stage cervices exhibited a pronounced sialomucin production in basal areas within grooves while neutral and sulfomucins were predominant in apical areas. In luteal‐phase animals, basal sialomicin production was markedly decreased while sulfated and neutral mucins remained abundant. Numerous cranially oriented spermatozoa were observed within the shallow grooves of cervical folds (sialomucin‐rich areas) in mated animals and were unidirectionally opposed to ciliary beat. It appeared that privileged paths for transport of viable spermatozoa may originate in the fornix vagina, extend through longitudinal primary folds at the external os, and progress to the uterus within continuous sialomucin‐rich channels which are associated with basal areas of the shallow grooves, distal to the cervical canal.
Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Under Therapeutic Warfarin Reduces Periprocedural Complications: Evidence From a Meta-Analysis

Background— Observational data suggest that performing radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) under therapeutic warfarin (continuous warfarin [CW]) may reduce the periprocedural risk of complications, such as thromboembolic events, compared to warfarin discontinuation (DW) with periprocedural bridging with heparin. We systematically reviewed the available evidence on the impact of CW compared with DW on periprocedural complications of AF catheter ablation. Methods and Results— We searched major Web databases for studies on radiofrequency catheter ablation of AF under CW versus DW with periprocedural bridging with heparin. Data on periprocedural complications were extracted. We identified 9 studies (1 large case series indirectly compared with the latest Worldwide Survey). A total of 27 402 patients were included in the analysis (6400 undergoing ablation with CW). CW was associated with a striking decrease of thromboembolic complications (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.05–0.23; P<0.001) and minor bleeding complications (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.21–0.71; P=0.002) compared with DW. CW also did not increase the risk of major bleeding (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.31–1.43; P=0.30), including cardiac tamponade (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.19–2.47; P=0.57). Conclusions— There is highly consistent evidence from observational studies that a CW strategy during radiofrequency catheter ablation of AF reduces the risk of thromboembolic complications without increasing the risk of bleeding.
Reduced Oxidative Stress Contributes to the Lipid Lowering Effects of Isoquercitrin in Free Fatty Acids Induced Hepatocytes

Oxidative stress interferes with hepatic lipid metabolism at various levels ranging from benign lipid storage to so-called second hit of inflammation activation. Isoquercitrin (IQ) is widely present flavonoid but its effects on hepatic lipid metabolism remain unknown. We used free fatty acids (FFA) induced lipid overload and oxidative stress model in two types of liver cells and measured cell viability, intracellular lipids, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) within hepatocytes. In addition, Intracellular triglycerides (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were examined. A novel in vitro model was used to evaluate correlation between lipid lowering and antioxidative activities. Furthermore, 34 major cytokines and corresponding ROS levels were analyzed in FFA/LPS induced coculture model between hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. At molecular level AMPK pathway was elucidated. We showed that IQ attenuated FFA induced lipid overload and ROS within hepatocytes. Further, IQ reversed FFA induced increase in intracellular TG SOD and MDA. It was shown that antioxidative activity of IQ correlates with its lipid lowering potentials. IQ reversed major proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in FFA/LPS induced coculture model. Finally, AMPK pathway was found responsible for metabolic benefits at molecular level. IQ strikingly manifests antioxidative and related lipid lowering activities in hepatocytes.
Acculturation, Language Use, and Demographic Variables as Predictors of the Career Self‐Efficacy of Latino Career Counseling Clients

A sample of 95 Latino career counseling clients of a social services agency voluntarily completed a demographic questionnaire, the American-International Relations Scale (Sodowsky & Plake, 1991), and a questionnaire designed to assess career self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977, 1986; Betz & Hackett, 1981). Acculturation and English language use predicted career self-efficacy, unlike years of residence in the United States, age, and educational level (p < .05). The Implications of the results to career counseling for Latinos are discussed.