Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to Use Bitcoin to Incentivize Correct Computations

We study a model of incentivizing correct computations in a variety of cryptographic tasks. For each of these tasks we propose a formal model and design protocols satisfying our model's constraints in a hybrid model where parties have access to special ideal functionalities that enable monetary transactions. We summarize our results: Verifiable computation. We consider a setting where a delegator outsources computation to a worker who expects to get paid in return for delivering correct outputs. We design protocols that compile both public and private verification schemes to support incentivizations described above. Secure computation with restricted leakage. Building on the recent work of Huang et al. (Security and Privacy 2012), we show an efficient secure computation protocol that monetarily penalizes an adversary that attempts to learn one bit of information but gets detected in the process. Fair secure computation. Inspired by recent work, we consider a model of secure computation where a party that aborts after learning the output is monetarily penalized. We then propose an ideal transaction functionality FML and show a constant-round realization on the Bitcoin network. Then, in the FML-hybrid world we design a constant round protocol for secure computation in this model. Noninteractive bounties. We provide formal definitions and candidate realizations of noninteractive bounty mechanisms on the Bitcoin network which (1) allow a bounty maker to place a bounty for the solution of a hard problem by sending a single message, and (2) allow a bounty collector (unknown at the time of bounty creation) with the solution to claim the bounty, while (3) ensuring that the bounty maker can learn the solution whenever its bounty is collected, and (4) preventing malicious eavesdropping parties from both claiming the bounty as well as learning the solution. All our protocol realizations (except those realizing fair secure computation) rely on a special ideal functionality that is not currently supported in Bitcoin due to limitations imposed on Bitcoin scripts. Motivated by this, we propose validation complexity of a protocol, a formal complexity measure that captures the amount of computational effort required to validate Bitcoin transactions required to implement it in Bitcoin. Our protocols are also designed to take advantage of optimistic scenarios where participating parties behave honestly.
Tools and DRugs BF 0801 , a novel adenine derivative , inhibits platelet activation via phosphodiesterase inhibition and P 2 Y 12 antagonism

BF0801, a novel adenine derivative, inhibits platelet activation via phosphodiesterase inhibition and P2Y12 antagonism Si Zhang1; Liang Hu1; Hongguang Du2; Yan Guo3; Yan Zhang1; Haixia Niu4; Jianguo Jin5; Jian Zhang4; Junling Liu4; Xiaohui Zhang3; Satya P. Kunapuli5; Zhongren Ding1 1Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China; 2College of science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; 3Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; 4Institutes of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; 5Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Thera-band® elastic band tension: reference values for physical activity

[Purpose] The aim of this technical note was to report significant differences in the tension forces of the different-sized Thera-band® elastic bands (Hygenic Corp.) determined by us versus the manufacturer. [Subjects] Two trained observers performed all measurements. [Methods] The tension force (kilogram-force units) of eight color-coded elastic bands (tan, yellow, red, green, blue, black, silver, and gold) with different resistance levels was measured at 10 different percentages of elongation (25% to 250% with 25% increments) using an electronic elongation gauge tensiometer. [Results] There were significant differences in the tension force of the elastic bands of different colors when compared in pairs (excepting the tan/yellow pair) at 100% and 200% elongation, as determined via one-way analysis of variance. There were no differences in the slopes for the tan versus yellow and green versus blue bands, as determined via linear regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance. Comparison of the tension force values obtained in our study with the reference values of the manufacturer (the t-test applied to the slopes) showed significant differences for five colors (yellow, green, blue, silver, and gold). [Conclusion] Our results indicate that the tension force values for Thera-Band elastic bands provided by the manufacturer are overestimates.
Testicular weights, ductus deferens semen volumes, and sperm concentration of turkeys with high and low ejaculate volumes.

Studies were conducted to determine if high and low ejaculate volumes were associated with differences in testicular weight and ductus (d.) deferens semen volumes. Mature male breeder turkeys were classified as low (less than or equal to .22 ml) or high (greater than .30 ml) semen producers. One week after or immediately after the last semen collection the turkeys were killed, testes weighed, and d. deferens and ejaculate semen volumes and sperm concentrations determined. Comparisons of low (LSP) and high (HSP) semen producers showed no differences in testes weights and sperm concentration in d. deferens. However, LSP turkeys had a lower volume of semen in the d. deferens and ejaculated a lower percentage of that volume than did HSP turkeys (P less than .05). Although the sperm concentrations of HSP and LSP were the same, the total number of sperm in the ejaculate of LSP was less than the HSP and was also less when calculated as a percentage of the sperm in the ejaculate plus d. deferens. These studies indicate that both a decreased reservoir of semen in the d. deferens and a lower efficiency of removal of semen from the d. deferens contribute to the decreased ejaculate volume of LSP.
Single-Perspective Warps in Natural Image Stitching

Results of image stitching can be perceptually divided into single-perspective and multiple-perspective. Compared to the multiple-perspective result, the single-perspective result excels in perspective consistency but suffers from projective distortion. In this paper, we propose two single-perspective warps for natural image stitching. The first one is a parametric warp, which is an incremental combination of the dual-feature-based as-projective-as-possible warp and the quasi-homography warp. The second one is a mesh-based warp, which is determined by optimizing a total energy function that simultaneously emphasizes different characteristics of the single-perspective warp, including alignment, distortion and saliency. A comprehensive evaluation demonstrates that the proposed warp outperforms some state-of-the-art warps in urban scenes, including APAP, AutoStitch, SPHP and GSP.
Isolation and Purification of Two Isoflavones from Hericium erinaceum Mycelium by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography

High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was used to separate and purify two isoflavones for the first time from Hericium erinaceum (H. erinaceum) mycelium using a two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform-dichloromethane-methanol-water (4:2:3:2, v/v/v/v). These two isoflavones were identified as genistein (4′,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone, C15H10O5) and daidzein (4′,7-dihydroxyisoflavone, C15H10O4), using infrared spectroscopy (IR), electro-spary ionisation mass (ESI-MS), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C-NMR spectra. About 23 mg genistein with 95.7% purity and 18 mg daidzein with 97.3% purity were isolated from 150 mg ethanolic extract of H. erinaceum mycelium. The results demonstrated that HSCCC was a feasible method to separate and purify genistein and daidzein from H. erinaceum mycelium.
The incidence and predictors of HBV relapse after cessation of tenofovir therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients

This study investigates the incidences and predictors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) relapse after tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive and ‐negative patients. We retrospectively recruited 143 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients without cirrhosis (39 HBeAg‐positive and 104 HBeAg‐negative patients) who were previously treated with TDF and had post‐treatment follow‐up for at least 6 months (median: 55, IQR 36‐85 weeks). All the patients fulfilled the stopping criteria of APASL 2012. The virological and clinical relapse rates at 104 weeks in HBeAg‐positive patients were 66.6% and 59.1%, while they were 72.3% and 55.9%, respectively, in HBeAg‐negative patients. Cox regression analysis revealed that the higher end‐of‐treatment HBsAg levels were an independent factor of virological relapse in HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative patients. The end‐of‐treatment HBsAg levels of 200 (area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC): 0.624) and 80 IU/mL (AUROC: 0.959) were the optimal values for predicting HBV relapse in HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative patients, respectively. The virological relapse rate at 78 weeks was 14.3% and 19.6% in HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative patients who achieved HBsAg ≤200 IU/mL and HBsAg ≤80 IU/mL, respectively. Two patients experienced hepatic decompensation upon hepatitis flares, and no patient died after timely retreatment. Seven patients experienced off‐therapy HBsAg loss. The cumulative rates of HBsAg loss at 104 weeks were 45.5% and 59.3% in patients with end‐of‐treatment HBsAg ≤80 IU/mL and ≤50 IU/mL, respectively. In conclusions, the end‐of‐treatment HBsAg levels were a useful marker for predicting HBV relapse in HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative CHB patients.
Lymphoma classification update: T-cell lymphomas, Hodgkin lymphomas, and histiocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lymphomas are classified based on the normal counterpart, or cell of origin, from which they arise. Because lymphocytes have physiologic immune functions that vary both by lineage and by stage of differentiation, the classification of lymphomas arising from these normal lymphoid populations is complex. Recent genomic data have contributed additional depth to this complexity. Areas covered: Lymphoma classification follows the World Health Organization (WHO) system, which reflects international consensus and is based on pathological, genetic, and clinical factors. The present review focuses on the classification of T-cell lymphomas, Hodgkin lymphomas, and histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms, summarizing changes reflected in the 2016 revision to the WHO classification. These changes are critical to hematologists and other clinicians who care for patients with these disorders. Expert commentary: Lymphoma classification is a continually evolving field that needs to be responsive to new clinical, pathological, and molecular understanding of lymphoid neoplasia. Among the entities covered in this review, the 2016 revisions in the WHO classification particularly impact T-cell lymphomas, including a new umbrella category of T-follicular helper cell-derived lymphomas and evolving recognition of indolent T-cell lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disorders.
THE QUENCHING RATE OF O ( ‘ D ) BY 0 ( 3 P )

The rate coefficient for the quenching of O(‘D) by 0(3P) has recently been calculated by Yee et al. (1985). Their results indicate that quenching by atomic oxygen should not be ignored in the analysis of the 6300 8, emission airglow. Data obtained by the Visible Airglow Experiment (VAE) on board the AE satellites have been reanalvzed to determine the quenching rate of O(iD) by atomic oxygen. The results of this analysis are presented-.
Anaerobic treatment of blended sugar industry and ethanol distillery wastewater through biphasic high rate reactor

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of sugar industry and ethanol distillery wastewater and the treatment of the blended wastewater through a two-stage anaerobic reactor. For this treatment, different initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations (5–20 g/L) and hydraulic retention times (HRTs) (2–10 days) were applied. The sugar industry effluent characteristics obtained in terms of organic matter (mg/L) were as follows: 5 days biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5): 654.5–1,968; COD: 1,100–2,148.9; total solids (TS): 2,467–4,012 mg/L; and pH: 6.93–8.43. The ethanol distillery spent wash strengths obtained were: BOD5: 27,600–42,921 mg/L; COD: 126,000–167,534 mg/L; TS: 140,160–170,000 mg/L; and pH: 3.9–4.2. Maximum COD removal of 65% was obtained at optimum condition (initial COD concentration of 10 g/L and HRT of 10 days), and maximum color removal of 79% was recorded under similar treatment conditions. Hence, the performance of the two-stage anaerobic reactor for simultaneous removal of COD and color from high-strength blended wastewater is promising for scaling up in order to mitigate environmental problems of untreated effluent discharge.
Natural weathering of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood treated with epoxidized linseed oil and methyltriethoxysilane

ABSTRACT In this study, the effect of natural weathering on the performance of Scots pine sapwood treated with epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) was investigated by measuring water uptake, colour, check propagation and chemical changes. Boards were impregnated in a pilot-scale autoclave under various conditions. After the treatments, pairs of samples were cut from the treated boards and exposed at 45° angle facing south for a long-term test of natural weathering above ground in Uppsala (Sweden). The effect of solar radiation and humidity on the colour changes, water uptake, check propagation and chemical alterations was assessed during 20 months of exposure. The obtained results can serve as indication for the viability of the treatments. Samples impregnated with low retentions of ELO showed similar performance regarding check propagation and moisture uptake as samples with higher retentions. No significant difference between these samples was found regarding colour change which is mainly caused by blue stain fungi on the surface. In opposite, samples treated with MTES exhibited no consistent water uptake and check propagation unproportioned to the applied retentions. The spectra of ELO- and MTES-treated wood after weathering showed a significant decrease of the peak at 1510 cm−1 indicating delignification of wood surface caused by weathering.
Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the egg quality, immune response, zinc retention, and blood parameters of laying hens in the late phase of production

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the performance, egg quality, Zn retention, immunity responses, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), egg malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and serum parameters in laying hens in the late phase of production. A total of 288 laying hens at 64 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 6 replicates, and 12 birds within each group. Experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal-based diet (without Zn supplementation) and a basal diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg of Zn-oxide, ZnO-NPs, and Zn-methionine. The results indicated that egg production and egg mass were significantly higher in the Zn-methionine and ZnO-NPs groups (p < .05). Also, eggshell thickness and shell strength increased in the ZnO-NPs group as compared with the other groups (p < .05). Moreover, Zn supplementation decreased egg loss (p < .05). There were significant differences among treatments in Zn deposition in tibiotarsus, liver, pancreas, eggs, and excreta (p < .01). Antibody titre, heterophil (%(, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were significantly higher in birds fed with Zn-supplemented diets (p < .05). In treatments supplemented with ZnO-NPs and Zn-methionine, the SOD activity in the liver, pancreas, and plasma was greater as compared with the other treatments (p < .05). The MDA content in eggs was significantly reduced in groups supplemented with Zn (p < .01). Moreover, dietary Zn supplementation significantly affected serum total protein, albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase activity, carbonic anhydrase activity, and Zn level (p < .05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with ZnO-NPs can improve the performance of laying hens. Therefore, ZnO-NPs can enhance zinc absorption in the intestine of aged layers and can be a more suitable source of zinc than regular Zn-oxide in diets.
Risk factors associated with postoperative pain and discomfort in oculoplastic surgery with general anesthesia: a prospective study

Purpose To evaluate patient pain and discomfort following oculoplastic surgery performed under general anesthesia and to assess key factors associated with postoperative pain and discomfort. Methods A prospective observational cohort study was conducted among 212 consecutive patients who underwent oculoplastic surgery performed under general anesthesia. The patients were assessed according to quantified levels of pain and discomfort postoperatively. Analgesic requests were recorded, and responses were statistically analyzed. Results Pain and discomfort after oculoplastic surgery under general anesthesia were reported by 32.1% and 28.3% of the patients, respectively; 2.8% of the patients requested analgesic medication within 18 hours after surgery. The patients who underwent orbital decompression, secondary orbital implantation, and orbital fracture repair were more likely to develop significant postoperative pain and discomfort (P<0.001), and the patients who underwent enucleation/evisceration during orbital implantation were more likely to develop postoperative discomfort (P<0.001). The predictors of pain were smoking history, prior surgery on the operative eye, and anxiety (P<0.05), and the predictor of discomfort was anxiety (P<0.05). Conclusion Patients undergoing oculoplastic surgery tend to experience postoperative pain and discomfort. Anxiety is a risk factor for both postoperative pain and discomfort, while smoking history and prior surgery on the operative eye may be associated with postoperative pain.
Acupoint Stimulation for Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background. Acupoint stimulation is popular for treatment of fibromyalgia though there is lack of comprehensive evaluation of current clinical evidence for its effect and safety. Objective. To systematically review the beneficial effects and safety of acupoint stimulation for fibromyalgia. Methods. We searched six electronic databases for randomized trials on acupoint stimulation for treatment of fibromyalgia. Two authors extracted data and assessed the trial quality independently. RevMan 5.2 software was used for data analyses with effect estimate presented as (standard) mean difference and a 95% confidence interval. We defined minimum, medium, and large SMD effect sizes as 0.3, 0.5, and 0.75. Results. 16 RCTs with 1081 participants were involved in this review. Only two trials were evaluated as low risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed that acupuncture alone or combined with cupping therapy was superior to conventional medications on reducing pain scores and/or the number of tender points. However, acupuncture showed no better than sham acupuncture on pain reduction. There was no serious adverse event reported to be related to acupoint stimulation. Conclusions. Acupoint stimulation appears to be effective in treating fibromyalgia compared with medications. However, further large, rigorously designed trials are warranted due to insufficient methodological rigor in the included trials.
Evaluation of the intra‐ and interfractional tumor motion and variability by fiducial‐based real‐time tracking in liver stereotactic body radiation therapy

Abstract Purpose Tumor motion amplitude varies during treatment. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the intra‐ and interfraction tumor motion and variability in patients with liver cancer treated with fiducial‐based real‐time tracking stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Methods Fourteen liver patients were treated with SBRT using a CyberKnife. Two to four fiducial markers implanted near the tumor were used for real‐time monitoring using the Synchrony system. The tumor motion information during treatment was extracted from the log files recorded by the Synchrony system. Logfile‐based amplitudes in the superior–posterior (SI), left–right (LR) and anterior–posterior (AP) directions were compared to the 4DCT‐based amplitudes. The intra‐ and interfraction amplitude variations and the incidence of baseline shifts were analyzed for 66 fractions administered to 14 patients. Results The median (range) logfile‐based liver motion amplitudes for all patients were 11.9 (5.1–17.3) mm, 1.3 (0.4–4) mm and 3.8 (0.9–7.7) mm in the SI, LR and AP directions, respectively. Compared with the logfile‐based amplitude, the 4DCT‐based amplitude was underestimated (P < 0.05). The median (range) intra‐ and interfraction liver motion amplitude variations were 4.3 (1.6–6.0) mm (SI), 0.5 (0.2–2.2) mm(LR) and 1.5 (0.3–3.3) mm (AP) and 1.7 (0.5–4.6) mm (SI), 0.3 (0.1–3.0) mm (LR) and 0.7 (0.3–2.7) mm (AP), respectively. Baseline shifts exceeding 2 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm were observed in 27.3%, 7.6% and 3% of the measurements, respectively, within 10 min, and in 66.7%, 38.1% and 19%, respectively, within 30 min for the square root of the sum of the squares of the distances in the SI, LR and AP directions (3D). The tumor motion amplitude was found to be correlated with the baseline shift. Conclusions Most patients showed significant intra‐ and interfraction liver motion amplitude variations over the entire course of radiation. More caution is needed for patients with large tumor motion amplitudes.
Regenerative potential of leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin. Part A: intra‐bony defects, furcation defects and periodontal plastic surgery. A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Aim To analyse the regenerative potential of leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) during periodontal surgery. Materials and Methods An electronic and hand search were conducted in three databases. Only randomized clinical trials were selected and no follow‐up limitation was applied. Pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bone fill, keratinized tissue width (KTW), recession reduction and root coverage (%) were considered as outcome. When possible, meta‐analysis was performed. Results Twenty‐four articles fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three subgroups were created: intra‐bony defects (IBDs), furcation defects and periodontal plastic surgery. Meta‐analysis was performed in all the subgroups. Significant PD reduction (1.1 ± 0.5 mm, p < 0.001), CAL gain (1.2 ± 0.6 mm, p < 0.001) and bone fill (1.7 ± 0.7 mm, p < 0.001) were found when comparing L‐PRF to open flap debridement (OFD) in IBDs. For furcation defects, significant PD reduction (1.9 ± 1.5 mm, p = 0.01), CAL gain (1.3 ± 0.4 mm, p < 0.001) and bone fill (1.5 ± 0.3 mm, p < 0.001) were reported when comparing L‐PRF to OFD. When L‐PRF was compared to a connective tissue graft, similar outcomes were recorded for PD reduction (0.2 ± 0.3 mm, p > 0.05), CAL gain (0.2 ± 0.5 mm, p > 0.05), KTW (0.3 ± 0.4 mm, p > 0.05) and recession reduction (0.2 ± 0.3 mm, p > 0.05). Conclusions L‐PRF enhances periodontal wound healing.
BKV‐specific T cells in the treatment of severe refractory haemorrhagic cystitis after HLA‐haploidentical haematopoietic cell transplantation

Haemorrhagic cystitis caused by BK virus (BKV) is a known complication of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and is relatively common following HLA‐haploidentical transplantation. Adoptive immunotransfer of virus‐specific T cells from the donor is a promising therapeutic approach, although production of these cells is challenging, particularly when dealing with low‐frequency T cells such as BKV‐specific T cells.