Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Evaluation of Multi-modal Neural Machine Translation: A Case-Study on E-Commerce Listing Titles

In this paper, we study how humans perceive the use of images as an additional knowledge source to machine-translate user-generated product listings in an e-commerce company. We conduct a human evaluation where we assess how a multi-modal neural machine translation (NMT) model compares to two text-only approaches: a conventional state-of-the-art attention-based NMT and a phrase-based statistical machine translation (PBSMT) model. We evaluate translations obtained with different systems and also discuss the data set of user-generated product listings, which in our case comprises both product listings and associated images. We found that humans preferred translations obtained with a PBSMT system to both text-only and multi-modal NMT over 56% of the time. Nonetheless, human evaluators ranked translations from a multi-modal NMT model as better than those of a text-only NMT over 88% of the time, which suggests that images do help NMT in this use-case.
Endoscopic Management of Bile Leakage after Cholecystectomy: A Single-Center Experience for 12 Years

Background/Aims Bile leakage is an uncommon but serious complication of cholecystectomy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the endoscopic management of bile leakage after cholecystectomy. Methods A total of 32 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), because of bile leakage after cholecystectomy, from January 2000 to December 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical parameters, types of management, and procedure-related complications were documented. Results Most bile leakages presented as percutaneous bile drainage through a Hemovac (68.8%), followed by abdominal pain (18.8%). The sites of bile leaks were the cystic duct stump in 25 patients, intrahepatic ducts in four, liver beds in two, and the common bile duct in one. Biliary stenting with or without sphincterotomy was performed in 22 and eight patients, respectively. Of the four cases of bile leak combined with bile duct stricture, one patient had severe bile duct obstruction and the others had mild stricture. Concerning endoscopic modalities, endoscopic therapy for bile leak was successful in 30 patients (93.8%). Two patients developed transient post-ERCP pancreatitis, which was mild, and both recovered without clinical sequelae. Conclusions The endoscopic approach of ERCP should be considered a primary modality for the diagnosis and treatment of bile leakage after cholecystectomy.
The structural plasticity of white matter networks following anterior temporal lobe resection

Anterior temporal lobe resection is an effective treatment for refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. The structural consequences of such surgery in the white matter, and how these relate to language function after surgery remain unknown. We carried out a longitudinal study with diffusion tensor imaging in 26 left and 20 right temporal lobe epilepsy patients before and a mean of 4.5 months after anterior temporal lobe resection. The whole-brain analysis technique tract-based spatial statistics was used to compare pre- and postoperative data in the left and right temporal lobe epilepsy groups separately. We observed widespread, significant, mean 7%, decreases in fractional anisotropy in white matter networks connected to the area of resection, following both left and right temporal lobe resections. However, we also observed a widespread, mean 8%, increase in fractional anisotropy after left anterior temporal lobe resection in the ipsilateral external capsule and posterior limb of the internal capsule, and corona radiata. These findings were confirmed on analysis of the native clusters and hand drawn regions of interest. Postoperative tractography seeded from this area suggests that this cluster is part of the ventro-medial language network. The mean pre- and postoperative fractional anisotropy and parallel diffusivity in this cluster were significantly correlated with postoperative verbal fluency and naming test scores. In addition, the percentage change in parallel diffusivity in this cluster was correlated with the percentage change in verbal fluency after anterior temporal lobe resection, such that the bigger the increase in parallel diffusivity, the smaller the fall in language proficiency after surgery. We suggest that the findings of increased fractional anisotropy in this ventro-medial language network represent structural reorganization in response to the anterior temporal lobe resection, which may damage the more susceptible dorso-lateral language pathway. These findings have important implications for our understanding of brain injury and rehabilitation, and may also prove useful in the prediction and minimization of postoperative language deficits.
Formation of gas discs in merging galaxies

Observations indicate that much of the interstellar gas in merging galaxies may settle into extended gaseous discs. Here, I present simulations of disc formation in mergers of gas-rich galaxies. Up to half of the total gas settles into embedded discs; the most massive instances result from encounters in which both galaxies are inclined to the orbital plane. These discs are often warped, many have rather complex kinematics, and roughly a quarter have counter-rotating or otherwise decoupled central components. Discs typically grow from the inside out; infall from tidal tails may continue disc formation over long periods of time.
Comparing One-Way and Two-Way Coupled Hydrometeorological Forecasting Systems for Flood Forecasting in the Mediterranean Region

A pair of hydro-meteorological modeling systems were calibrated and evaluated for the Ayalon basin in central Israel to assess the advantages and limitations of one-way versus two-way coupled modeling systems for flood prediction. The models used included the Hydrological Engineering Center-Hydrological Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Hydro modeling system. The models were forced by observed, interpolated precipitation from rain-gauges within the basin, and with modeled precipitation from the WRF atmospheric model. Detailed calibration and evaluation was carried out for two major winter storms in January and December 2013. Then, both modeling systems were executed and evaluated in an operational mode for the full 2014/2015 rainy season. Outputs from these simulations were compared to observed measurements from the hydrometric station at the Ayalon basin outlet. Various statistical metrics were employed to quantify and analyze the results: correlation, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Nash–Sutcliffe (NS) efficiency coefficient. Foremost, the results presented in this study highlight the sensitivity of hydrological responses to different sources of simulated and observed precipitation data, and demonstrate improvement, although not significant, at the Hydrological response, like simulated hydrographs. With observed precipitation data both calibrated models closely simulated the observed hydrographs. The two-way coupled WRF/WRF-Hydro modeling system produced improved both the precipitation and hydrological simulations as compared to the one-way WRF simulations. Findings from this study, as well as previous studies, suggest that the use of two-way atmospheric-hydrological coupling has the potential to improve precipitation and, therefore, hydrological forecasts for early flood warning applications. However, more research needed in order to better understand the land-atmosphere coupling mechanisms driving hydrometeorological processes on a wider variety precipitation and terrestrial hydrologic systems.
HIT Dependency Parsing : Bootstrap Aggregating Heterogeneous Parsers

The paper describes our system of Shared Task on Parsing the Web. We only participate in dependency parsing task. A number of methods have been developed for dependency parsing. Each of the methods adopts very different view of dependency parsing, and each view can have its strengths and limitations. Thus system combination can have great potential to further improve the performance of dependency parsing. In this work, Bootstrap Aggregating (Bagging) is chosen to combine these methods. This approach obtains significantly improvements for dependency parsing, and especially we achieves a UAS of 93.88%, LAS of 91.88% on WSJ domain, which is the top result of all participated systems. We tried to use unlabeled data offered by this task as well, and unfortunately we received little improvements through tri-training. Finally, our final bagging system ranked thirdly of the shared task.
Influence of social-cultural factors on gender imbalance in appointment of head teachers in mixed secondaryschools in Vihiga district, Kenya

Women are under-represented in school headship in many parts of the world. Social-cultural reasons have been used to explain this discrepancy, particularly in Western countries. In Vihiga District in the Republic of Kenya, the situation is that only 24% of head-teachers in mixed secondary schools were women. Social-cultural factors contributing to this scenario were unknown. A descriptive survey design was used to establish perceptions of stakeholders on social-cultural factors that influence gender imbalance in appointment of head teachers in mixed secondary schools in Vihiga District, Western Province, Kenya. The study involved 34 Head teachers, 34 Board of Governors Chairpersons, 34 Parent Teacher Association Chairpersons, 465 teachers (310 males and 155 females) and one District Quality Assurance and Standards Officer (DQASO). Questionnaire and In-depth interview were used to collect data . The study found out that school location, school leadership traditions, male dominance, dual role and spouse attitude were perceived as influences on gender imbalance in the appointment of head teachers. Based on the findings, it is recommended that improvement of infrastructure and accessibility of the upcoming schools should be done to attract and retain female head-teachers in these schools, communities should be sensitized on gender equality and to respect female head teachers and advocacy should be enhanced for the girl child education.
Capturing Resilience in Context: Development and Validation of a Situational Judgment Test of Resilience

ABSTRACT We developed a 40-item situational judgment test (R-SJT) to capture resilience in context. The scoring key was developed using a crowd-sourcing method (N = 100) and pilot-tested (N = 62). A new sample (N = 208) was used to investigate validity of the R-SJT scores. The R-SJT scores demonstrated acceptable levels of internal consistency, convergent validity, and evidence of better discriminant and criterion-related validity, compared to three Likert-type resilience measures. Scores on the R-SJT moderately correlated with the three resilience scales and personality measures including hardiness, negative affect, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. The R-SJT showed incremental validity beyond traditional resilience measures and personality for criterion measures of psychological adjustment (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress). The R-SJT appears to be a viable instrument to measure resilience.
REFLEX DEPRESSION IN RHYTHMICALLY ACTIVE MONOSYNAPTIC REFLEX PATHWAYS

A study has been made of the depression that occurs when a monosynaptic reflex pathway is subjected to repetitive stimulation. Reflex depression has a dual origin. High frequency or early depression is postsynaptic in origin and results from subnormality in the motoneurons. Low frequency, late, or enduring depression is presynaptic in origin. The conditioning volley-test volley technique and the frequency-mean monosynaptic reflex amplitude relation yield similar information concerning reflex depression. Each method has its advantages and for some purposes one or the other of the methods necessarily must be employed. The results of a variety of experiments are consistent with the proposition that reflex depression in the monosynaptic reflex pathway originates by action in the group IA afferent fibers of muscle origin that are responsible for monosynaptic reflex transmission. Depression is present at a frequency of 0.1 per second (6 per minute) and absent at a frequency of 0.05 per second (3 per minute). Thus it is impractical for most purposes to employ repetition rates that satisfy the requirement for designation as "single shock" stimulations. The temporal course of enduring depression has been determined. It is identical with that for a number of other phenomena observable in monosynaptic reflex pathways, which suggests a common origin. The mechanism of low frequency or enduring depression is discussed in the light of this suggestion.
Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with primary aldosteronism/low-renin hypertension on low-dose spironolactone.

BACKGROUND The incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in primary aldosteronism (PA) is higher than in essential hypertension. LVH is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Treatment of PA with mineralocorticoid receptor blockers (MRBs) improves LVH. Previous studies included relatively small groups, low incidence of LVH and used high MRB dose. We tested the hypothesis that long-term regression of LVH in PA/low-renin hypertension may be achieved with low-dose MRB. METHODS Forty-eight patients (male/female 28/20, age 61.4 years, range 47-84) had PA (low renin, high aldosterone and high aldosterone/renin ratio, n=24) or low-renin hypertension (low renin, normal aldosterone and high aldosterone/renin ratio, n=24). All had either LVH or concentric remodelling. All had an echocardiogram both at baseline and at 1 year after the initiation of spironolactone. A subgroup of 29 patients had an echocardiogram at baseline, 1 year (range 0.5-1.5) and 3 years (range 1.8-7). RESULTS At baseline, spironolactone was commenced in all patients. The dose was 33.3±13.7 and 29.0±11.7 mg/day at 1 year and 3 years, respectively. A total of 73% of the patients received ≤37.5 mg/day. Introduction of spironolactone enabled the reduction of other antihypertensive medications (from 2.6±1.2 to 1.5±1.0 at 1 year). At 1 year, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased (149.3±14.1 to 126.2±12.0 mmHg, P<0.001, and 88.2±9.8 to 78.3±7.1 mmHg, P<0.001, respectively). At baseline, LVH was present in 39 of the 48 (81%) patients, and concentric remodelling, i.e. increased relative wall thickness (RWT) with a normal left ventricular mass index (LVMI), in 36 (75%). At 1 year, LVMI decreased in 44 of the 48 (92%) patients (142.9±25.4 versus 117.7±20.4 g/m2, P<0.001). LVH normalized in 16 of the 39 (41%) patients. RWT normalized in 36% of the patients. The changes in blood pressure and LVMI did not correlate. At 3 years, LVH decreased further and normalized in 57% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS In patients with PA/low-renin hypertension, long-term regression of LVH may be achieved with low-dose MRB.
Ieee Transactions on Information Theory 1 Secure Network Coding on a Wiretap Network

—In the paradigm of network coding, the nodes in a network are allowed to encode the information received from the input links. With network coding, the full capacity of the network can be utilized. In this paper, we propose a model, call the wiretap network, that incorporates information security with network coding. In this model, a collection of subsets of the channels in the network is given, and a wiretapper is allowed to access any one (but not more than one) of these subsets without being able to obtain any information about the message transmitted. Our model includes secret sharing in classical cryptography as a special case. We present a construction of secure linear network codes that can be used provided a certain graph-theoretic condition is satisfied. We also prove the necessity of this condition for the special case that the wiretapper may choose to access any subset of channels of a fixed size. The optimality of our code construction is established for this special case. Finally, we extend our results to the scenario when the wiretapper is allowed to obtain a controlled amount of information about the message.
Memory for sequence order in songs

Previous research on memory for music has typically measured RT and accuracy in tests of recall and recognition of songs. Little research, however, has focused on the ability of people to switch their attention between various parts of a song to answer questions about those parts. One hypothesis is that, because music unfolds in time, one’s ability to consider different parts of a song might be influenced by where in the song someone begins their consideration, and also in which direction they are then asked to switch their attention, with the overriding bias being in a forwards direction. The current study tested this forward bias hypothesis. Fifty people were asked to identify whether the second excerpt (target line) of a pair of excerpts taken from a song came ‘before’ or ‘after’ the first excerpt (probe line) in the normal course of the song. Seven pairs of excerpts, three pairs falling before the target line, and four pairs occurring after the target line, were presented for each of 8 popular and 2 new songs. It was predicted that RTs for identifying the target lines occurring ‘after’ the probe line would be shorter than those coming ‘before’ the probe line. Results supported this hypothesis. The familiarity of a song did not affect this result. A companion experiment that compared performance on this task for musicians and non-musicians replicated these results, but indicated no effect of musical expertise. These results support the hypothesis that memory for songs is biased in a forward direction.
Replicative Senescence in Human Fibroblasts Is Delayed by Hydrogen Sulfide in a NAMPT/SIRT1 Dependent Manner

Recent evidence suggests that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has cytoprotective and anti-aging effects. However, the mechanisms for such properties are not fully understood. Here, we show that the expression of the main H2S producing enzyme, CBS, and production of H2S are coordinately diminished in replicative senescent adult human dermal fibroblasts. The reduced production of H2S falls within the same time-frame that the hallmarks of replicative senescence appear including accumulation of SA–β-Gal, enhanced expression of p16, p21, and RRM2B while the expression of RRM2, hTERT, SIRT1, NAMPT, and NAD/NADH ratio all fall. Exogenous H2S increases the expression of hTERT, NAMPT, SIRT1 and NAD/NADH ratio in treated cells. Moreover, H2S safeguards the expression of hTERT in a NAMPT and SIRT1 dependent manner and delays the onset of replicative senescence as evidenced by reduced accumulation of age associated SA–β-Gal and cessation of proliferation. Postponement of loss of cell proliferative capacity without risk of mutagenesis shows implications for use of H2S in delaying the adverse effects of senescence in organisms.
Surface expression of minichromosome maintenance proteins provides a novel method for detecting patients at risk for developing adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus.

PURPOSE The purpose is to determine whether a novel cell cycle marker, minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (Mcm2), predicted esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) risk in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and whether this could be used in combination with a surface sampling method. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Archival specimens [30 normal squamous esophagus (NE), 20 gastric antrum (GA), 13 duodenum (D2), 62 BE +/- dysplasia, and 16 (AC)] were stained for Mcm2. Sequential biopsies from nine patients who developed AC during surveillance were compared with 18 matched controls who did not progress. Prospective endoscopic cytological brushings (61 NE, 90 BE +/- dysplasia, and 11 AC) were scored as Mcm2 positive or negative. RESULTS Mcm2 was not expressed on the luminal surface of NE, GA, and D2. In BE, the percentage of surface cells expressing Mcm2 correlated highly with the degree of dysplasia (P < 0.0001). In patients who developed AC, biopsies before dysplasia had higher Mcm2 expression than the matched control patients (mean, 28.4 and 3.4% positive cells, respectively, P < 0.0001). In the prospective cohort, the histopathological diagnosis of dysplasia or AC and the Mcm2-positive brushings were concordant in 91% of the patients (P < 0.005), and the results correlated with the frequency of cases with surface expression of Mcm2 in the retrospective study (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Surface expression of Mcm2 can be used to detect dysplasia and AC, as well as patients with BE at risk for subsequent development of dysplasia and AC. A brushing technique combined with Mcm2 staining has the potential to be exploited in surveillance and screening protocols.
Auditory training program in subjects with tinnitus.

UNLABELLED Tinnitus may be defined as the conscious perception of sound or noise, without the presence of external acoustic stimulation. Given the damage caused by tinnitus and the lack of effective treatment, alternatives are necessary to rehabilitate subjects with tinnitus. There is an assumption that auditory training (AT) could lead to a plastic reorganization of this system, thus promoting an improvement of the symptom. OBJECTIVE To verify the effect of an AT program in subjects with tinnitus in the perception of this symptom. METHODS Twelve subjects with tinnitus were included in the study and divided into two groups: Study Group (SG) and Control Group (CG). All of them underwent audiometric and electrophysiological assessments; acuphenometry; Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and auditory processing assessment (GIN - Gaps in Noise, Frequency Pattern Test and Speech-in-Noise). Afterward, trainings began and the SG was submitted to the formal AT, and the CG to the visual training. RESULTS In the characterization of the groups, no statistically significant difference was found for the variables such as age, pitch, and loudness of tinnitus, or for hearing thresholds in conventional audiometry and high frequencies. Comparisons were performed between the groups, before and after the trainings, regarding electrophysiological, behavioral, and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory tests, and no statistically significant differences were found between them for any of the evaluations. CONCLUSION Findings showed no statistically significant differences between groups in the comparison between the moments pre- and post-trainings (auditory or visual), nor for the electrophysiological findings or behavioral assessment of the auditory processing and for the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, although some specific differences in the individual analysis have occurred.