Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Video Modeling to Teach Perspective Taking to Children with Autism

Perspective taking refers to the ability to determine mental states of others in order to explain or predict behavior. In typically developing children, this skill appears around age 4 years (Baron-Cohen, Leslie, & Frith, 1985), but it is delayed or absent in children with autism. In the present study, video modeling was used to teach perspective taking to three children with autism. A multiple-baseline design across children and within child across tasks was used to assess learning. Generalization across untrained similar stimuli was also assessed. Video modeling was a fast and effective tool for teaching perspective-taking tasks to children with autism, resulting in both stimulus and response generalization. These results concurred with previous research that perspective taking can be taught. Unlike other studies, however, wider ranges of generalization were found.
rK39 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Leishmania donovani Infection

ABSTRACT The rK39 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with the direct agglutination test (DAT) for Leishmania donovani infection in the Sudan. rK39 ELISA proved more sensitive than DAT in diagnosis of kala-azar (93 and 80%, respectively); both tests may remain positive up to 24 months after treatment. For patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and individuals with subclinical infection, rK39 ELISA performed as well as DAT but could detect infection 6 months earlier in ∼40% of patients. Conversion in DAT and rK39 ELISA also occurred in leishmanin skin test (LST)-positive individuals, suggesting active parasite replication (rK39 is an amastigote antigen) in these presumably immune individuals. In contrast to DAT, rK39 ELISA also detected infection in randomly selected LST-positive individuals (in four of six) and endemicity (LST-negative) controls (in one of five). rK39 ELISA appears more sensitive than DAT and may prove an important tool in epidemiological studies.
T cell-dependent mast cell degranulation and release of serotonin in murine delayed-type hypersensitivity

We have previously suggested that the release of serotonin (5- hydroxytryptamine) (5-HT) by local tissue mast cells is required for the elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. In the current study, light microscopic radioautographs from animals treated with [3H]5-HT indicated that local mast cells released 5-HT between 6 and 18 h during the evolution of DTH. Ultrastructural examination of mast cells revealed surface activation, indicated by extension of surface filopodia, and degranulation by fusion and exocytosis. Light and electron microscopic studies of the endothelium of postcapillary venules at sites of DTH revealed the development of gaps between adjacent cells. The development of gaps permitted extravasation of tracers that was abolished by depletion or antagonism of 5-HT. Thus mast cells degranulated and released 5-HT in DTH, and this 5-HT acted on local vessels. Recipients of nonadherent, non-immunoglobulin-bearing sensitized lymphocytes also demonstrated similar mast cell degranulation and the formation of endothelial gaps. This indicated that mast cell degranulation and 5-HT release in murine DTH were probably T cell dependent.
Explaining differences in causal attributions of patient and non-patient samples

Patients and non-patients are reported to make different attributions for the causes of myocardial infarction (MI). Two hypotheses (i.e. an actor—observer difference and one based on method differences) for these differences were tested in two studies, with general public and MI patient samples. Respondents' causal attributions were compared according to whether they were for (a) MI in general, (b) their own MI (hypothetical, for the general public sample), and (c) a specific others' hypothetical MI. In both studies, attributions about MI in general were distinct from attributions about respondents' own MI and a specific others' MI, which were similar. The results were more consistent with an explanation based on method differences, than on actor—observer differences. This suggests that some findings that have been explained in terms of actor—observer differences may instead be due to linguistic factors, and highlights the importance of specificity in measures of causal attributions.
Drive Level Effects on Tasks of Narrow and Broad Attention

Easterbrook (1959) has predicted that (a) performance on tasks involving the use of a wide range of cues will be impaired under high-drive conditions and that (b) performance on tasks requiring the use of only a narrow range of cues will be facilitated under such conditions. Using the Porteus Maze Test, relatively clear evidence was obtained to support the first prediction. Using the Stroop Colour Word Interference Test some evidence was obtained in support of the second prediction.
Resistance to Group Criticism and Recommendations for Change: Lessons from the Intergroup Sensitivity Effect

This essay reviews research relating to criticism of groups. It is argued that, in order to successfully critique (and change) a group culture, it is not enough to be right. Rather, critics need to be sensitive to a range of variables wrapped up in who they are: their group memberships, their history, and the intergroup context. One example of this is the intergroup sensitivity effect, the phenomenon whereby criticisms that seem reasonable in the mouth of an insider are rejected when coming from an outsider. We discuss the intergroup sensitivity effect, the psychological mechanisms underpinning it, and the contextual factors that moderate it. On the basis of this review, we present a model that can be used to predict resistance (or open-mindedness) in the face of group-directed criticisms and recommendations for change. It is hoped that this model can open up new ways of thinking about group-mediated communication, and at the same time can provide specific, concrete and usable instruction for how to promote change within and between groups.
Organized Interests and Campaign Professionals: Insights from the American States

ABSTRACT Scholars have grown increasingly aware of the important role campaign consultants and public relations firms play in the electoral process. We have learned a great deal about these “permanent campaigns. ” However, there is still much we do not know. This is particularly true relative to their use by organized interests and their presence in state politics. Using a large-scale mail survey of over 400 interest groups in three states, we investigated the extent to which groups utilized these campaign professionals. We analyzed who used them and for what purposes. We found some evidence to support the notion that wealthier groups are most likely to use political marketing techniques. However, the affiliation with a national group, the existence of a political action committee, and a group's participation in direct democracy are by far the most important indicators of a group's use of outside lobbying strategies.
How the strategic context affects women's emergence and success in local legislative elections

While much scholarly attention has focused on the determinants of women's presence in state and national political offices, relatively little is known about women's descriptive representation at the local level. This study seeks to address the continuing gap in inquiry by examining where women run for and win seats on local legislative bodies throughout Louisiana. We develop hypotheses about the effects of the local strategic context on women's representation and expand on existing research by examining both place and county offices over a period of nearly three decades. Modeling candidate emergence and success endogenously, we find that more women run in localities where the strategic context is favorable to them and confirm that more women win when they have the resources necessary to propel their campaigns. The results suggest that the gender gap in local political representation can be lessened by building more robust networks of female leaders, enhancing partisan competition, and stimulating women in the electorate to support women's candidacies.
An analysis of the Multicultural Assessment Intervention Process model

Multiple regression models linking client counselor preferences, client-provider ethnic/racial match and provider self-perceived cultural competence to clinical outcome was developed with samples of African American, Latino American and White American adult outpatient community mental health clients (n=1153). The models tested hypothesized relationships of cultural factors predicted by the Multicultural Assessment Intervention Process model. Measured variables included clients’ preferences for the language in which mental health services were to be provided and the culture (race/ethnicity) of the provider, client-provider ethnic/racial match, self-perceived provider cultural competence and clinical outcome as measured by Global Assessment of Functioning scores at Time 2 statistically controlling for client scores at Time 1. Results indicated that lack of a client-provider ethnic/racial match and higher levels of provider self-perceived sensitivity predicted African American clinical outcome. These same results plus higher levels of provider self-perceived awareness of cultural barriers predicted Latino American clinical outcome. None of the cultural variables were found to predict White American clinical outcome. Multicultural Assessment Intervention Process model implications are discussed.
Anterior Chamber Angle Assessment by Anterior-segment Optical Coherence Tomography After Phacoemulsification With or Without Goniosynechialysis in Patients With Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma

Purpose:To evaluate changes of anterior chamber angle (ACA) by anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) following phacoemulsification (phaco) with or without goniosynechialysis (GSL). Methods:Patients with PACG recruited into 2 randomized controlled trials comparing phaco-GSL versus phaco were pooled for analysis. Images of ACA were obtained by AS-OCT before surgery, and at 1 and 2 weeks, and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. The following parameters were analyzed: angle opening distance (AOD) at 500 and 750 &mgr;m from the scleral spur, trabecular-iris space area (TISA) at 500 and 750 &mgr;m, angle recess area (ARA) at 500 and 750 &mgr;m, and scleral spur angle (SSA). Results:All parameters of ACA increased significantly after phaco-GSL (P<0.001), whereas no increase occurred in the phaco group. Negatively significant correlations were found in &Dgr;AOD500 (P<0.05), &Dgr;ARA750 (P<0.05), &Dgr;TISA500 (P<0.05), and &Dgr;TISA750 (P<0.05) at 1, 3, and 6 months, and &Dgr;SSA (P<0.05) at 3 and 6 months after phaco-GSL against &Dgr; intraocular pressure (IOP). In the phaco-GSL group, 23 of 23 eyes had IOP<21 mm Hg without any antiglaucoma medication postoperatively. In the phaco group, 12 of 20 eyes (60%) had IOP<21 mm Hg without medication, 8 of 20 eyes required medication with IOP<21 mm Hg (15%) and uncontrollable IOP (25%) after surgery. Conclusions:On AS-OCT evaluation, ACA in eyes with PACG opened and widened significantly after phaco-GSL in our study. It is suggested that &Dgr;AOD500, &Dgr;ARA750, &Dgr;TISA500, &Dgr;TISA750, and &Dgr;SSA would provide valuable information to estimate the effectiveness of phaco-GSL.
Between nationalism and humanitarianism: the glocal discourse on refugees

The public and researchers alike view global/humanitarian and local/national logics as based on different, and even contradictory, regimes of justification. In this paper, however, I argue that these logics are complementary in the case of refugees. By asking ‘who is a refugee? ’ within the Israeli case study, I empirically ground the claim that nationalism and humanitarianism should be grasped as Glocal. Content analysis of the Israeli case reveals how the Israeli establishment ‘translates’ the universal notion of humanitarianism. Humanitarian discourse does not offer an answer to the refugee problem by invoking a universal identity, nor is it just a euphemism for particularistic interests. On the contrary, the humanitarian logic is in fact based on the national order, and does not attempt to replace it. The political meaning of the term ‘refugee’ is an endless transcription of the national logic, and thus cannot be cosmopolitan.
Results of treatment of mallet finger by internal splinting - a preliminary report.

BACKGROUND Mallet finger, although common represents a spectrum of injuries for which there are many questions about the best form of treatment. Many authors advocate orthopedic treatment which is less invasive but requires greater patients dedication to implement. Despite a great number of different sort of orthosis none has proved superiority. The method of internal splinting of the DIP joint is less troublesome for the patient uniting the assets of orthopedic and surgical treatment. The goal of the study is the evaluation of the above mentioned method. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty three patients aged from 18 to 55 years (the same number of fingers) were treated by means of internal splinting of the DIP joint for mallet finger. Most of the lesions involved the middle finger (29 %), the lesion was mostly (54%) sustained during house-work; mean period from trauma to treatment was 3,8 weeks. The splinting was performed by means of 1-1,2 mm K wire, after applying Oberst's type of anesthesia. The stabilization was maintained for 8 weeks, then the patients were required to splint the joint for the period of 4 weeks. RESULTS The mean period of follow-up was months. Twenty four patients (72%) were examined. One patient had a K-wire removed after 4 weeks due to infection and the treatment was continued according to the time protocol by means of Stack's orthosis. No other complications were observed. The total active flexion of the affected digit was similar to the unaffected counterpart. The mean lag of extension was 5,68 degrees ; 31/33 (91%) fingers were rated excellent and good acc. to Miller scheme. CONCLUSION Internal splinting method of treatment of mallet finger is a recommendable alternative for other methods.
Metformin exposure affects human and mouse fetal testicular cells.

BACKGROUND Metformin is a drug used in the treatment of diabetes and of some disorders related to insulin resistance, such as polycystic ovary syndrome. Gestational diabetes can cause complications for both mother and child, and some studies have shown a beneficial effect of metformin during pregnancy without an increase in perinatal complications. However, the effects on the gonads have not been properly studied. Here we investigated the effect of metformin administered during pregnancy on the development and function of the fetal testis. METHODS A dual approach in vitro and in vivo using human and mouse models was chosen. Cultures of human and murine organotypic testes were made and in vivo embryonic testes were analysed after oral administration of metformin to pregnant mice. RESULTS In human and mouse organotypic cultures in vitro, metformin decreased testosterone secretion and mRNA expression of the main factors involved in steroid production. In vitro, the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) on testosterone secretion was 50 µM in human, whereas it was 500 µM in mouse testis. Lactate secretion was increased in both human and mouse organotypic cultures with the same LOEC at 500 µM as observed in other cell culture models after metformin stimulation. In vivo administration of metformin to pregnant mice reduced the testicular size of the fetal and neonatal testes exposed to metformin during intrauterine life. Although the number of germ cells was not affected by the metformin treatment, the number of Sertoli cells, the nurse cells of germ cells, was slightly yet significantly reduced in both periods (fetal period: P = 0.007; neonatal period: P = 0.03). The Leydig cell population, which produces androgens, and the testosterone content were diminished only in the fetal period at 16 days post-coitum. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a potentially harmful effect of metformin treatment on the development of the fetal testis and should encourage future human epidemiological studies.
Enhancing the Multimedia Tour Guide Experience: Transmission Tailoring Based on Content, Location, and Device Type

abstract This chapter describes an investigation exploring user experiences of accessing streamed multimedia content, when that content is tailored according to perceptual, device and location characteristics. It builds upon the findings of our user perception evaluations by harnessing the results together to create pre-defined profiles based on QoP requirements, device type, and location for context-aware multimedia content streaming, and, in so doing, enhance the concept of context to include perceptual requirements. In the light of the findings, we propose that multimedia transmission to mobile and wireless devices should be made based on pre-defined profiles, which contains a combination of static (perceptual, device type, CPU speed, and display specifications) and dynamic information (streamed content type location of the device/user, context of the device/user). Furthermore, we believe that using profiling technology mobile service providers can effectively manage local network traffic and cut down their bandwidth costs considerably.
Struggling to Manage Work as a Part of Everyday Life: Complicating Control, Rethinking Resistance, and Contextualizing Work/Life Studies

In this paper, I suggest that we might further contextualize our understanding of how work and life are navigated by approaching it as a struggle through which control and resistance are accomplished as various meanings of work are negotiated. Drawing on ethnographic and interview data collected at a Swedish organization, I argue that a normative cultural expectation for lagom (moderation) functions both to control members and to enable them to resist managerial control. These findings suggest that by approaching control as potentially fragmented, resistance as unobtrusive, and work/life issues as situated, scholarship can illuminate how societies and organizations might equip individuals to successfully navigate work and life.
The effects of silver nanoparticles on antimicrobial activity of ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium enriched mixture (CEM)

Background Although, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and new experimental cement (CEM) are good root filling cements, but had no or low antimicrobial activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of addition of silver nanoparticles (SNP) to these two cements on antimicrobial effects against five most dental infection related microorganisms. Material and Methods Two suspensions of 100 and 200 ppm of SNP were prepared and 180 μl of microbial suspension with 1.5 × 108 CFU/ml of each respected microorganisms were re-suspended in deionized water or each of SNP suspensions. After that, 60 μg of MTA and CEM were added to each tube. In one tube, the mixture of all above mentioned microorganisms were added as a source of microorganism. Colonies were counted after 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours intervals of incubation at 35°C on blood agar for evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy. Results MTA and CEM had antibacterial activities on all microorganisms’ strains except for Enterococcus faecalis and mixture group. MTA had better antibacterial activity than CEM but the difference was not significant (p<0.05). The combination of SNP with two cements resulted in significantly higher antimicrobial activities (p<0.05). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between two SNP concentrations (p>0.05). Conclusions Mixture of MTA and CEM with different concentrations of SNP significantly increased the antibacterial activity. Key words:Mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium-enriched mixture, silver nanoparticle, antimicrobial activity.
Constructing gender, constructing the urban: A review of Anglo-American feminist urban geography

This essay explores the changing shape of Anglo-American feminist urban geography, through a discussion of material published in Gender, Place and Culture and elsewhere over the past decade. We contextualize this discussion in relation to the development of feminist urban studies since the 1970s, showing its enduring commitment to work across traditional analytical divides that obfuscate crucial aspects of the mutual constitution of gender and the urban. Focusing on two thematic areas--affective experiences of urban space, and the making of urban public spaces--we examine how this commitment is expressed in recent contributions to feminist urban geography. Both bodies of work successfully challenge a divide between scholarship that focuses on how cities constrain, disadvantage and oppress women, and scholarship that focuses on how cities liberate women. However, we are disturbed by a seeming bifurcation between work concerned with issues of recognition and work focusing on issues of redistribution, with the former being well represented in Gender, Place and Culture and the latter more likely to be aired in 'mainstream' journals. We conclude by reflecting on our lack of perspective on the trajectories of feminist urban geography outside of the Anglo-American context and ask whether the boundaries within which our review has been conducted are themselves gendered.
Elevated plasma lipids in patients with binge eating disorders are found only in those who are anorexic.

OBJECTIVE We have previously shown that patients with restricting type anorexia nervosa (AN-R) have low plasma lipid levels, which increase with refeeding. In this study, we investigated plasma lipid levels in patients with eating disorders, distinguishing between individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa of the binge eating/purging type (AN-B). METHODS We examined the fasting lipid levels in individuals with BN (n = 10) and AN-B (n = 9), and compared these findings with a group of age-matched normal weight healthy controls (C) (n = 10). RESULTS The AN-B group had significantly higher concentrations of total plasma cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) B, apoA1, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol than both control and BN groups (p < .05). The AN-B group also had higher plasma triglycerides and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL)-apo B levels (p < .05) than controls. DISCUSSION In conclusion, the issue of hyperlipidemia in patients with eating disorders is a complex one and this study, taken together with the findings of our previous study, demonstrates the importance of carefully distinguishing between the major types of eating disorders (AN-R, BN, and AN-B) when examining plasma lipid levels.
Aalborg Universitet

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