Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Addiction by Design: Machine Gambling in Las Vegas

Recent decades have seen a dramatic shift away from social forms of gambling played around roulette wheels and card tables to solitary gambling at electronic terminals. Slot machines, revamped by ever more compelling digital and video technology, have unseated traditional casino games as the gambling industry's revenue mainstay. Addiction by Design takes readers into the intriguing world of machine gambling, an increasingly popular and absorbing form of play that blurs the line between human and machine, compulsion and control, risk and reward. Drawing on fifteen years of field research in Las Vegas, anthropologist Natasha Dow Schll shows how the mechanical rhythm of electronic gambling pulls players into a trancelike state they call the "machine zone," in which daily worries, social demands, and even bodily awareness fade away. Once in the zone, gambling addicts play not to win but simply to keep playing, for as long as possible--even at the cost of physical and economic exhaustion. In continuous machine play, gamblers seek to lose themselves while the gambling industry seeks profit. Schll describes the strategic calculations behind game algorithms and machine ergonomics, casino architecture and "ambience management," player tracking and cash access systems--all designed to meet the market's desire for maximum "time on device. " Her account moves from casino floors into gamblers' everyday lives, from gambling industry conventions and Gamblers Anonymous meetings to regulatory debates over whether addiction to gambling machines stems from the consumer, the product, or the interplay between the two. Addiction by Design is a compelling inquiry into the intensifying traffic between people and machines of chance, offering clues to some of the broader anxieties and predicaments of contemporary life. At stake in Schll's account of the intensifying traffic between people and machines of chance is a blurring of the line between design and experience, profit and loss, control and compulsion.
Determinants of Consumer Happiness and its Role In Customer Loyalty

Consumer happiness is the important area of research for marketers as happy consumer is the satisfied consumer of a company which generates significant revenue for the company. This research is conducted for the very same reason to find that what are the different factors which make consumer happy. Study identifies different determinants of consumer happiness and checks their influence on student’s happiness. Study selected four private universities. The four universities were Preston University, Cecos University, Abasyn University and City University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar Pakistan. The data collected through a structured self administered questionnaire at 5 point lickert scale from 100 students of above mentioned universities. Study use SPSS 19 for the analysis purpose and conduct descriptive analysis, correlation and multiple regression for the findings. Findings of the study shows that Rationality, situation and culture are the prominent antecedents of consumer happiness which play major role in making consumer happy towards various brand of different firms.
The Development of Affect Specificity in Infants' Use of Emotion Cues

This study examined the emergence of affect specificity in infancy. In this study, infants received verbal and facial signals of 2 different, negatively valenced emotions (fear and sadness) as well as neutral affect via a television monitor to determine if they could make qualitative distinctions among emotions of the same valence. Twenty 12- to 14-month-olds and 20 16- to 18-month-olds were examined. Results suggested that younger infants showed no evidence of referential specificity, as they responded similarly to both the target and distracter toys, and showed no evidence of affect specificity, showing no difference in play between affect conditions. Older infants, in contrast, showed evidence both of referential and affect specificity. With respect to affect specificity, 16- to 18-month-olds touched the target toy less in the fear condition than in the sad condition and showed a larger proportion of negative facial expressions in the sad condition versus the fear condition. These findings suggest a de.
Low Complexity Scheduling for Downlink Multiuser MIMO Systems in Correlated Channels

Many successive scheduling schemes associated with linear transmit beamforming have been proposed which can asymptotically achieve the sum rate of dirty paper coding (DPC) in Ltd. channels. In this paper, the performance of the successive scheduling in spatially correlated channels is studied. Then we propose a low complexity alternating user scheduling (AUS), which can be applied to both zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) and regularized ZFBF (R-ZFBF). The new scheduling algorithm can achieve a comparable sum rate with that of the exhaustive searching in both i.i. d. and spatially correlated channels with the same order of complexity as the successive scheduling.
Extinction of Hepatitis C Virus by Ribavirin in Hepatoma Cells Involves Lethal Mutagenesis

Lethal mutagenesis, or virus extinction produced by enhanced mutation rates, is under investigation as an antiviral strategy that aims at counteracting the adaptive capacity of viral quasispecies, and avoiding selection of antiviral-escape mutants. To explore lethal mutagenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV), it is important to establish whether ribavirin, the purine nucleoside analogue used in anti-HCV therapy, acts as a mutagenic agent during virus replication in cell culture. Here we report the effect of ribavirin during serial passages of HCV in human hepatoma Huh-7.5 cells, regarding viral progeny production and complexity of mutant spectra. Ribavirin produced an increase of mutant spectrum complexity and of the transition types associated with ribavirin mutagenesis, resulting in HCV extinction. Ribavirin-mediated depletion of intracellular GTP was not the major contributory factor to mutagenesis since mycophenolic acid evoked a similar decrease in GTP without an increase in mutant spectrum complexity. The intracellular concentration of the other nucleoside-triphosphates was elevated as a result of ribavirin treatment. Mycophenolic acid extinguished HCV without an intervening mutagenic activity. Ribavirin-mediated, but not mycophenolic acid-mediated, extinction of HCV occurred via a decrease of specific infectivity, a feature typical of lethal mutagenesis. We discuss some possibilities to explain disparate results on ribavirin mutagenesis of HCV.
The Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA)

The Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA) is a self- and parent-report instrument designed to assess the use of mental health services by children ages 8 years to 18 years. The CASA includes 31 settings covering inpatient, outpatient, and informal services provided by a variety of child-serving providers and sectors. This instrument collects information on whether a service was ever used and more detailed information (length of stay/number of visits, focus of treatment) on services used in the recent past. A description of the instrument, information on interviewer training and coding of data, psychometric data on clinical samples, and a case study are presented.
A Critical Comparative Evaluation of English Course Books in EFL Context

Choosing an English course book which suits students in EFL/ESL settings is always a contentious issue for practitioners. This study is an investigation into the comparative critical evaluation of New Interchange Intro and New Headway Pre-intermediate series - two well-known series employed in EFL/EFL contexts - and some teaching challenges the teachers encounter during teaching these books in the context of Iran. The evaluation is done in terms of two assumptions; firstly, cultural and ideological assumptions, and secondly, assumptions about language, language learning and best practice. Findings reveal that both New Interchange and New Headway texts reflect ideological and cultural assumptions through their focus on the US and UK way of life respectively. The pictures and the material are found biased towards the culture of these countries in their depiction of local cities and lifestyles and in the inclusion of subjects. Regarding assumptions about language, language learning and best practice, the books focus on both form and meaning, and the grammar included is inductive and implicit. In the context of Iran, however, New Headway seems to be better for school students while New Interchange would be suitable for students and persons who aim to migrate or travel overseas. The study gives some suggestions for improving the usability of these books in the context of Iran.
Actualizing Free Primary Education in Kenya for Sustainable Development

The right to education is one of the basic human rights stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948. In Kenya, this right has recently been livened through the launch of the Free Primary Education program (hence FPE) by the newly elected NARC government. The FPE program is faced with major challenges that range from lack of facilities, few teachers, over-age children, street children, no books, lack of finances and socio-cultural impediments such as HIV-AIDs. The FPE has been received with mixed feelings from different sections of the society. While some have expressed feelings of discontentment, failure, betrayal among others, many low income members of the population view it as a God sent opportunity. While a lot of concern has been raised, little has been advanced concerning the propagation of the actual learning itself. This paper seeks to underscore some of the pertinent issues concerning actual instruction in the FPE program. A glaring gap, which poses a major challenge to the success of the FPE, exists in terms of the language of instruction. The existing language policy disregards mother tongues as tools of disseminating knowledge and does very little to promote them. The paper suggests the training of teachers to equip them with skills in mother tongue instruction, preparation of learning materials, books and other resources. Providing money for schools without providing books in itself is a failure. This paper argues that there is need to put in place structures that enhance, promote and develop mother tongues for the purposes of actualizing the FPE program. Abbreviations: FPE-Free Primary Education; NARC-National Rainbow Coalition; MT-Mother Tongue; LOI-Language of Instruction; NACECE-National Center for Early Childhood Education; DICECEsDistrict Centers for Early Childhood Education; NEPAD-New Partnership for African Development.
Climatic tipping elements with potential impact on Europe

Levermann, A; Bamber, J; Drijfhout, S; Ganopolski, A; Haeberli, W; Harris, N R P; Huss, M; Lenton, T M; Lindsay, R W; Notz, D; Wadhams, P; Weber, S Levermann, A; Bamber, J; Drijfhout, S; Ganopolski, A; Haeberli, W; Harris, N R P; Huss, M; Lenton, T M; Lindsay, R W; Notz, D; Wadhams, P; Weber, S. Climatic tipping elements with potential impact on Europe. Bilthoven, NL, 2010. Postprint available at: http://www.zora. uzh.ch
Neighborhood Drug Arrest Rates: Are They A Meaningful Indicator Of Drug Activity? A Research Note

Criminologists have long debated the validity of arrest data as a measure of crime at the aggregate level. It has been argued that arrest data may reflect differences in police behavior across neighborhoods rather than differences in offending rates. Consequently, criminologists have generally come to favor less processed data. Unfortunately, official counts of drug offenses are generally available only in terms of arrests, making official drug data particularly susceptible to validity questions. In this study, the authors examine the validity of drug arrest data at the neighborhood level by analyzing the extent to which police arrest rates for drug trafficking can be accounted for by survey measures of the frequency of drug trafficking, as well as neighborhood-level variables thought to be associated with police discretion. Findings suggest support for the use of drug arrest data as a meaningful measure of the relative level of visible drug activity among neighborhoods.
Gender and the development of conduct disorder

Abstract A discussion of gender and conduct disorder must first answer the basic questions of whether or not there are any differences in prevalence, symptoms, and correlates of conduct disorder by sex. Several epidemiologic studies have found no difference in the prevalence of conduct disorder in adolescence by sex. Correlates of conduct disorder in girls are similar to those in boys (including aggression and internalizing disorders), once base rates of the correlates are accounted for. A major problem in studying conduct disorder in girls is the lack of appropriate criteria; the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (3rd ed., rev.) criteria are not appropriate for girls. A case is made for sex-specific criteria for conduct disorder that take into account known differences in male and female childhood cultures and base-rate differences in aggression and criminality. Until basic issues of diagnosis and prevalence are resolved, other issues such as risk factors and developmental pathways cannot be successfully addressed.
Isotropic and Anisotropic Bouncing Cosmologies in Palatini Gravity

We study isotropic and anisotropic (Bianchi I) cosmologies in Palatini f(R) and f(R,R{sub {mu}{nu}R}{sup {mu}{nu}}) theories of gravity with a perfect fluid and consider the existence of nonsingular bouncing solutions in the early universe. We find that all f(R) models with isotropic bouncing solutions develop shear singularities in the anisotropic case. On the contrary, the simple quadratic model R+aR{sup 2}/R{sub P}+R{sub {mu}{nu}R}{sup {mu}{nu}/}R{sub P} exhibits regular bouncing solutions in both isotropic and anisotropic cases for a wide range of equations of state, including dust (for a 1) sources of matter/energy or extra degrees of freedom.
First clinical experience with a new non-indwelling voice prosthesis (Provox® NID™) for voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy

Conclusion. The new Provox® NID™ non-indwelling voice prosthesis investigated in this study provides a good option for laryngectomized patients using non-indwelling voice prostheses and can potentially improve safety and increase patients’ satisfaction with their voice and speech. Objective. To investigate the feasibility of and patient satisfaction with the Provox NID non-indwelling voice prosthesis. Material and methods. Pre- and post-study questionnaires were used to evaluate the patients’ former voice prosthesis and the Provox NID voice prosthesis. In addition, measurements of pull-out force, maximum phonation time and loudness were made for both voice prostheses. In vitro measurements of airflow characteristics were also made. Following a 6-week trial, all patients provided feedback on the new voice prosthesis and the results were used to further improve the Provox NID. This final version of the new voice prosthesis was subsequently trialled and evaluated by 10 patients 6 months later. Results. Overall results showed that patient satisfaction with the Provox NID non-indwelling voice prosthesis was favourable. The pull-out force for the new prosthesis was significantly higher than that for the formerly used prosthesis and its aerodynamic characteristics were better.
Knowledge management and organizational culture: a theoretical integrative framework

Purpose – Organizational culture is a critical factor in building and reinforcing knowledge management in organizations. However, there is no theoretical framework that comprehensively explains the effect of organizational culture on knowledge management in organizations. This paper endeavors to develop a theoretical integrative framework for organizational knowledge management and organizational culture.Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper. It modifies the “competing value framework” by adding a new dimension representing ethical and trusting culture, and then integrates it with the SECI model of knowledge creation and conversion by identifying the conceptual parallels between the two frameworks and then analyzing the interaction effects among the dimensions.Findings – Based on the congruity between the modified competing values framework and the knowledge creation and conversion framework, the paper formulates six propositions about the propensity of organizations of different domina.
A Rare Case of Deep Digital Flexor Tendinopathy following Centesis of the Navicular Bursa

Navicular bursa (NB) centesis is a common diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in equine practice. This case report documents the clinical, diagnostic imaging and histological findings in a horse with a suspected iatrogenic deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) injury following centesis of the NB via a modified distal plantar approach (placement of two needles in a weight bearing position). Although it cannot be proven with absolute certainty, the authors believe that this is the first reported case where NB centesis is the likely cause of a DDFT lesion, and with magnetic resonance imaging performed both pre- and post-centesis. With this potential, though rare, complication of the procedure, alternative tendon sparing injection techniques should be considered prior to NB centesis in certain cases.
Periodontal treatment needs of diabetic adults.

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate diabetes-related factors in relation to periodontal treatment needs. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 299 dentate diabetics attending a diabetic clinic in Tehran, Iran. A self-administered questionnaire was administered during a dental appointment in order to gather information about year of birth, year of onset of diabetes, education and organ complications related to diabetes. Number of teeth, the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs and visible plaque were recorded. RESULTS None of the subjects had a healthy periodontium. Shallow periodontal pockets were the most prevalent finding. Periodontal pockets exceeding 5 mm and a higher number of missing teeth were associated with a low level of education. The sum of plaque scores [odds ratio (OR)=1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-1.5] was related to the presence of deepened pockets when controlling for other factors. Among diabetes-related factors, the only significant association with CPITN > or =3 was by HbA1c (OR=0.7; 95% CI 0.6-0.9); for CPITN=4, no associations with the diabetes-related factors appeared. CONCLUSIONS The poor periodontal status of our diabetic patients indicates a need to establish a comprehensive oral health promotion programme for diabetics based on collaboration between dental and general health care professionals involved in diabetic care.
Implications of mitochondrial dynamics on neurodegeneration and on hypothalamic dysfunction

Mitochondrial dynamics is a term that encompasses the movement of mitochondria along the cytoskeleton, regulation of their architecture, and connectivity mediated by tethering and fusion/fission. The importance of these events in cell physiology and pathology has been partially unraveled with the identification of the genes responsible for the catalysis of mitochondrial fusion and fission. Mutations in two mitochondrial fusion genes (MFN2 and OPA1) cause neurodegenerative diseases, namely Charcot-Marie Tooth type 2A and autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA). Alterations in mitochondrial dynamics may be involved in the pathophysiology of prevalent neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, impairment of the activity of mitochondrial fusion proteins dysregulates the function of hypothalamic neurons, leading to alterations in food intake and in energy homeostasis. Here we review selected findings in the field of mitochondrial dynamics and their relevance for neurodegeneration and hypothalamic dysfunction.
Inequalities in quality of life among older people from different ethnic groups

British research on the quality of life in old age has neglected the increasing ethnic diversity of the older population, and although studies of health and income inequalities have highlighted the contribution played by racism, analyses of the factors influencing the quality of life have rarely considered its effects. This paper discusses inequalities in quality of life among older people from different ethnic groups using data from a cross-sectional survey of 203 White British, Asian, Black Caribbean, Black African and Chinese people aged 55 and more years living in England and Scotland. They were interviewed face-to-face in the language of their choice using a semi-structured schedule. Consistent with the existing literature, the study found differences in health, income and social support among the ethnic groups. The paper suggests, however, that future work should examine disparities in health and income within as well as between minority ethnic groups, and that a greater appreciation is required of the way in which such disparities may be accentuated by variations in health expectations, in the distribution of income within households, and in the willingness to discuss financial difficulties. The cumulative effects of health and material disadvantage and the experience of racism have implications both for future quality of life research and for government policies that aim to raise social inclusion and reduce inequalities.
Transition Services in Taiwan: Comparison between Service Need and Services Received

The purpose of this study was to identify transition service needs by students with disabilities and availability of services in Taiwan. The survey was conducted with 202 students. As a result of the study, eight service categories were identified: medical service, adult living service, working/living environment adaptation, professional guidance, psychological guidance, personal affairs, community learning, and continuing educa- tion. Results indicate that (a) the overall need for services is far greater than services received and (b) significant correlations exist among service needs, among the services received, and between service needs and services received. In the United States, many students with dis- abilities do not become self-sufficient citizens (Wehmeyer, 1997). Studies revealed that im- portant adult outcomes, like employment, in- dependent living and community integration, remained unattainable by many youths with disabilities. Many special education graduates could not plan their future; they remained unemployed or underemployed, and experi- enced a quality of life remarkably different from their non-disabled peers (Hobbs & Allen, 1989; Hughes et al., 1997; National Transition Network, 1996; Nelson & Laughlin, 1997). For example, Blackorby and Wagner (1996) reported that 37% of youth with dis- abilities in the National Longitudinal Transi- tion Study were living independently 3 to 5 years after graduation, as compared to 60% of youth without disabilities. In the same study, only 37% of youth with disabilities enrolled in postsecondary education, while 68% of the general population enrolled in postsecondary education. Similar to the US, many students with disabilities in Taiwan face great chal- lenges and encounter problems in their tran- sition from high school to adult life. A great number of these students: have difficulties finding and maintaining jobs; rely on the fam- ily to support their living; and experience lower quality of life in their communities (Lin, 2002; Shaun & Shen, 1998). In the US, to help students with disabilities overcome problems in the transition process and improve their transition outcomes, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act mandates transition services for students with disabilities when they reach age 14. Research- ers believe that a transition service system pro- vides a way to overcome problems faced by