Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Military Politics, Islam and the State in Indonesia: From Turbulent Transition to Democratic Consolidation

Military Politics, Islam and the State in Indonesia: From Turbulent Transition to Democratic Consolidation Preliminary pages INTRODUCTION Militaries in Political Transitions: Theories and the Case of Indonesia PART I: HISTORICAL LEGACIES, 1945-97 1. Doctrine and Power: Legacies of Indonesian Military Politics 2. Islam and the State: Legacies of Civilian Conflict PART II: CRISIS AND REGIME CHANGE, 1997-98 3. Regime Change: Military Factionalism and Suharto's Fall 4. Divided Against Suharto: Muslim Groups and the 1998 Regime Change PART III: THE POST-AUTHORITARIAN TRANSITION, 1998-2004 5. Adapting to Democracy: TNI in the Early Post-Authoritarian Polity 6. New Era, Old Divisions: Islamic Politics in the Early Post-Suharto Period PART IV: DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION, 2004-08 7. Yudhoyono and the Declining Role of State Coercion 8. Stabilizing the Civilian Polity: Muslim Groups in Yudhoyono's Indonesia.
The ecology of money

In this Schumacher Briefing, Richard Douthwaite argues that just as different insects and animals have different effects on human society and the natural world, money has different effects according to its origins and purposes. Was it created to make profits for a commercial bank, or issued by a government as a form of taxation? Or was it created by its users themselves purely to facilitate their trade? And was it made in the place where it is used, or did local people have to provide goods and services to outsiders to get enough of it to trade among themselves? The Briefing shows that it will be impossible to build a just and sustainable world unless and until money creation is democratized.
Trade Advantages and Specialisation Dynamics in Acceding Countries

The paper analyses the evolution of the trade specialisation pattern in the ten countries which will join the EU in 2004, by studying the dynamics of their comparative advantages over the period 1993-2000. The study finds that, although some countries are still broadly relying on natural resources, most of them enjoy significant comparative advantages in many manufactured goods. Moreover, in spite of large technological gaps inherited from the long period of centrally planned economy, some were able to specialise in "high tech" products. Finally, most countries recorded large specialisation improvements in items for which the world demand expanded at the fastest rate over the Nineties; in particular, Estonia, Hungary, Malta and Slovenia showed an overall positive comparative advantage in the set of the most demanded products. JEL Classification: F14, F15, E23
Setting Academic Achievement Goals in Primary Schools

ii Acknowledgements . iii List of Tables . viii List of Figures . ix Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Historical Overview . 2 Significance of the Research . 4 Purpose of the Research . 6 Synopsis . 7 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 9 The Pioneering Research by Locke and Latham . 9 Measuring Goal Setting in Education . 11 Mastery versus Performance Goals Model of Framework . 13 Mastery Goals . 13 Consequences of adopting mastery goals . 14 Performance Goals . 14 Approach versus avoidance in goals . 15 Mastery-approach goals . 15 Mastery-avoidance goals . 16 Performance approach . 16 Performance avoidance . 17 Multidimensional perspective of goals . 17 Achievement Goals in the Social Domain . 18 Goal Difficulty and Challenge . 20 Proximal versus Distal Goals . 23 Self-Efficacy and Goal Setting . 25 Effects of low self-efficacy . 26 Self-Regulated Learning . 28 Top-down self-regulation . 29 Bottom-up self-regulation . 30 Age Differences in the Setting of Goals . 31 Gender Differences in Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulated Learning and Goal Setting . 31 The Importance of Feedback . 33 Teacher Feedback to Students . 35 Goal Setting as a Motivational Tool . 36 Setting the Learning Intention Goals with Students . 38 Goals and Teacher Expectations . 39 Peer Influence . 40 Potential Pitfalls in Goal Setting . 41 Conclusions . 43
Phase segregation in binary SiO_2/TiO_2 and SiO_2/Fe_2O_3 nanoparticle aerosols formed in a premixed flame

Binary SiO_2/TiO_2 and SiO_2/Fe_2O_3 nanoparticle (diameter < 100 nm) aerosols of varying mole ratios of Ti or Fe to Si were generated in a premixed Bunsen-type aerosol flame reactor. The distribution of species within the particles was investigated using transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Phase segregation was observed to varying degrees in qualitative agreement with segregation expected from binary phase diagrams for the bulk systems. Differences between the SiO_2/TiO_2 and SiO_2/Fe_2O_3 systems can be explained by considering the variation in the thermodynamically stable liquid-phase solubility and differences in the ability of iron and titanium ions to substitute for silicon ions in the network structure.
Hamlet without the Prince: Cambridge Macroeconomics without Money

Keynes' General Theory was exclusively concerned with a monetary economy in which changing beliefs about the future influence the quantity of employment. Yet money plays no more than a perfunctory role in the Cambridge theories of growth, capital, and distribution developed after Keynes. This essay attempts to explain this paradox with reference to the relation between Keynes' monetary revolution and the value theory revolution which simultaneously occurred in Cambridge in the 1930's.
Pathogenic Mouse Hepatitis Virus or Poly(I:C) Induce IL-33 in Hepatocytes in Murine Models of Hepatitis

The IL-33/ST2 axis is known to be involved in liver pathologies. Although, the IL-33 levels increased in sera of viral hepatitis patients in human, the cellular sources of IL-33 in viral hepatitis remained obscure. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression of IL-33 in murine fulminant hepatitis induced by a Toll like receptor (TLR3) viral mimetic, poly(I:C) or by pathogenic mouse hepatitis virus (L2-MHV3). The administration of poly(I:C) plus D-galactosamine (D-GalN) in mice led to acute liver injury associated with the induction of IL-33 expression in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and vascular endothelial cells (VEC), while the administration of poly(I:C) alone led to hepatocyte specific IL-33 expression in addition to vascular IL-33 expression. The hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression was down-regulated in NK-depleted poly(I:C) treated mice suggesting a partial regulation of IL-33 by NK cells. The CD1d KO (NKT deficient) mice showed hepatoprotection against poly(I:C)-induced hepatitis in association with increased number of IL-33 expressing hepatocytes in CD1d KO mice than WT controls. These results suggest that hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression in poly(I:C) induced liver injury was partially dependent of NK cells and with limited role of NKT cells. In parallel, the L2-MHV3 infection in mice induced fulminant hepatitis associated with up-regulated IL-33 expression as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine microenvironment in liver. The LSEC and VEC expressed inducible expression of IL-33 following L2-MHV3 infection but the hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression was only evident between 24 to 32h of post infection. In conclusion, the alarmin cytokine IL-33 was over-expressed during fulminant hepatitis in mice with LSEC, VEC and hepatocytes as potential sources of IL-33.
Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Outcomes of Hirschsprung's Disease from the Perspective of Gender

Background/Aim. Hirschsprung's disease (HD) has a skewed gender distribution, with a female to male ratio of 1 : 4. This study aims to examine differences between boys and girls with HD regarding preoperative features and postoperative treatment and outcome. Method. The first part of the study was conducted as a retrospective review of all HD patients who underwent transanal endorectal pull-through (TERPT). Pre-, peri-, immediate post-, and first-year postoperative data were collected. The second part was conducted as an observational cross-sectional study by comparing bowel function scores (BFS) determined by structured interviews of patients 4 years old and older. Results. Included were 39 boys and 12 girls. Of these, 25 boys and 9 girls were older than 4 years and participated in the BFS interview. Boys had a higher frequency of hospitalizations during the first postoperative year compared to girls (n = 20 and n = 2, p < 0.05). At long-term follow-up, more boys reported abnormal frequency of defecation, 16 compared to 2 (p < 0.05). There was no difference between genders in terms of preoperative symptoms and overall bowel function later. Conclusion. Boys with HD had more hospitalizations and a higher rate of abnormal frequency of defecation than girls with HD.
Newer v. older antidepressants in long-term pharmacotherapy: Revisiting... Prevention of relapse and recurrence of depression

There is much evidence from clinical trials that antidepressants help prevent relapse and recurrence of major depression. However, this is unlikely to hold true for all patients with depression, particularly those treated in primary care. Individual antidepressants are equally efficacious, so choice (as first-line treatment in general or for individual patients) is largely determined by differences in side-effects, even though many of these disappear during long-term treatment, owing to adaptation. Specific effects that are considered in choosing a drug include those on cognition, psychomotor performance and sexual function; drug interactions, lethality in overdose and the potential for teratogenicity are also considered. There are insufficient entirely objective and generally accepted data on pharmaco-economics to allow for confident recommendations on drug choice for long-term treatment. Drug acquisition costs must be considered by those with restricted budgets, and especially patients in developing countries where difference in cost between newer and older drugs can be translated into more food for a hungry family.
Respiration of wood ant nest material affected by material and forest stand characteristics

We studied differences in respiration of materials from different parts of wood ant nest (top, bottom, and rim) and from the nest surroundings (humus layer and mineral soil). Samples were taken from 8 wood ant (Formica aquilonia) nests in each of the two types of forest (birch and pine) in eastern Finland. The differences were related to material and forest stand characteristics (i.e., moisture, pH, carbon content, and C:N ratio). As a result, the highest respiration per g DW was measured at the top of ant nests in the birch forest. However, respiration did not significantly differ between the parts of ant nests in the pine forest. Respiration of the humus layers in both forest stands was on average higher, whereas respiration of the mineral soils in both forest stands was lower in comparison with respiration of the nest materials. The respiration per g C did not show any significant differences between different parts of nests and surrounding soil. The most important factors influencing respiration of the materials appeared to be moisture, carbon content, and pH. In conclusion, respiration of wood ant nest material is affected by the specific material and forest stand characteristics.
The Accumulation of Human and Nonhuman Capital, Revisited

In the 25 years since Jorgenson and Fraumeni (1989) published their first article on human capital, the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) and the SNA have changed significantly. The contribution of this paper is two-fold: Creation of a contemporary set of accounts which integrate human capital measures into the latest comprehensive revision of the U.S. national income accounts and an analysis of trends in human capital and national income account aggregates over the post-war period.The paper is a national income accounting paper with production and factor outlay, income, receipt and expenditure, capital accumulation , and wealth accounts. All of these accounts are tied to the NIPA accounts, and supplemented with human capital estimates. A key feature of the human capital accounts is presentation of human capital estimates in current and constant prices. The time period covered is 1949-84 and 1998-2009.We update the human capital national income accounts and examine trends in the aggregate time series. The results in the original Jorgenson and Fraumeni paper are for 1982 and the aggregate time series are from 1949-1984. Subsequent research by Christian (2012) developed modified Jorgenson-Fraumeni (J-F) human capital estimates from 1998 through 2009. Unfortunately there is a gap in coverage. Nonetheless, a comparison of the aggregates and their trends between the earlier and later period will be informative. The accounting tables in this new paper are for 2009, the latest base year for the NIPA accounts.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber. org.
A class of solvable Lie algebras and their Casimir invariants

A nilpotent Lie algebra with an (n − 1)-dimensional Abelian ideal is studied. All indecomposable solvable Lie algebras with as their nilradical are obtained. Their dimension is at most n + 2. The generalized Casimir invariants of and of its solvable extensions are calculated. For n = 4 these algebras figure in the Petrov classification of Einstein spaces. For larger values of n they can be used in a more general classification of Riemannian manifolds.
Analysis and Classification of Driver Behavior using In-Vehicle CAN-Bus Information

This paper describes recent advances in the analysis and classification of driver behavior in actual driving scenarios. We employ data obtained from the UTDrive corpus to model driving behavior and to detect if distraction due to secondary tasks is present. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are used to capture the sequence of driving characteristics acquired from the vehicle’s CAN-Bus (Controller Area Network) information. Driver behavior is described and modeled using data from steering wheel angle, brake status, acceleration status, and vehicle speed. We evaluate data and models in three distinct classification tasks: 1) action classification, 2) distraction detection, and 3) driver identification. The aim of action classification is to categorize long-term driving behaviors such as turning, lane changing, stopping, and constant/no change (neutral driving). The goal of driver identification task is to classify drivers from their driving behavior characteristics, and distraction detection identifies whether the driver is under distraction due to secondary tasks. Experiments were conducted using 9 drivers from the UTDrive corpus. We report accuracy on modeling driver behavior based on these studies and discuss our future work. Initial results show that event detection for driving can be accomplished at rates ranging from 30-70% depending on the number of unique conditions based on CAN-Bus signals.
T-weighted Approach for Neural Information Processing in P300 based Brain-Computer Interface

A novel method for feature extraction based on T-statistic criterion is put forward and introduced for P300 potential detection in brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. After decorrelation by principal component analysis (PCA), the optimized weighted sum of EEG signal is computed to construct the features. Applied to P300 speller paradigm of BCI competition 2003 and BCI competition III (2005), this method achieved character accuracy of 100% and 90% respectively, and by the latter score our group got the third place for the P300 dataset (dataset II) in the BCI competition III
OPTION PRICING & PARTIAL HEDGING : THEORY OF POLISH

The twin problems of hedging and pricing of options in discrete-time markets are analyzed. We consider trading strategies consisting of one stock and one bond. The bond price rises deterministically over time while the stock price can change in several (more than two) ways at each instant of trading. Given such stock price movements, perfect hedging is not possible, and arbitrage arguments alone are not suucient. We determine hedging and bid and ask prices by balancing expected gain against risk. Using a recent approach of Bouchaud and Sornette, we work out in detail the case where the mean rate of return of the stock diiers from that of the bond. We identify a new kind of strategy open to operators that are suuciently insensitive to risk. We nd a candidate for market price of risky options, which reduces to the Black-Scholes prescription when risk can be eliminated. We report on data on stock price movements on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, and show that they are well described by a simple model where prices on each day can either increase, decrease or stay the same. We work out the details of the option pricing and hedging problems in this case.
Ideologies and outcomes in temporomandibular disorders

Temporomandibular disorders (TIVID) are a group of relatively common chronic disorders that often result in pain affecting the face, specifically the temporomandibular joint and associated muscles. Treatment strategies are varied, with only a minimal evidence base. The psychosocial aspects of TIVID are generally recognised to be important and complex. The aim of this thesis is to understand the philosophies of care that underpin the professional management of TIVID, and to explore the patients ) experiences of their illness and its management. The ultimate purpose is to use this information to target future interventions at specific points in the care
The Impact of Chinese Monetary Policy Shocks on East Asia

We study the effects of Chinese monetary policy shocks on China s major trading partners in East Asia by estimating structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) models for six economies in the region. We find that a monetary expansion in Mainland China leads to an increase in real GDP (temporary) and the price level (permanent) in a number of economies in our sample, most notably in Hong Kong and the Philippines. The impact could result from intertemporal substitution present in a general equilibrium framework which allows for positive domestic impacts of foreign monetary expansions. Our results emphasize the growing importance of China for its neighboring economies and the significance of Chinese shocks for the design of monetary policy in Asian economies. Keywords: monetary policy shocks, Asian production chain, SVAR, East Asia, China, JEL: E52, F42
Characterising phosphorus transfers in rural catchments using a continuous bank-side analyser

A six-month series of high-resolution synchronous stream discharge and total phosphorus (TP) concentration data is presented from a 5 km2 agricultural catchment in the Lough Neagh basin, Northern Ireland. The data are hourly averages of 10-minute measurements using a new bankside, automatic, continuous monitoring technology. Three TP transfer "event-types" occur in this catchment: (1) chronic, storm independent transfers; (2) acute, storm dependent transfers; (3) acute, storm independent transfers. Event-type 2 transferred over 90% of the total 279 kg TP load in 39% of the total period; it corresponded to diffuse transfers from agricultural soils. Event-types 1 and 3, however, maintained the river in a highly eutrophic state between storm events and were characteristic of point source pollution, despite there being no major industrial or municipal point sources. Managing P transfers at the catchment scale requires a robust monitoring technology to differentiate between dynamic, multiple sources and associated event types and so enable a reliable assessment of the performance of mitigation measures, monitored at catchment outlets. The synchronous and continuous TP and discharge data series generated in this study demonstrate how this is possible.
Should Governments Help Winners or Losers

One central result in the strategic trade literature is that governments should not support domestic ”losers” but domestic ”winners”. We show that when first-mover advantages are taken into account, the reverse holds, governments have stronger incentives to support domestic ”losers” that face foreign ”winners”. Accordingly, governments can play Stackelberg against foreign Stackelberg leaders to prevent them from playing Stackelberg against domestic Stackelberg followers.
Measles Outbreak Associated With Low Vaccine Effectiveness Among Adults in Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia, 2014

Background. A measles outbreak in Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia in 2014 affected many persons who had received ≥1 dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV). A mass vaccination campaign targeted persons aged 6 months to 49 years, regardless of prior vaccination. Methods. We evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of MCV by comparing secondary attack rates among vaccinated and unvaccinated contacts after household exposure to measles. Results. Among 318 contacts, VE for precampaign MCV was 23.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], −425 to 87.3) for 1 dose, 63.4% (95% CI, −103 to 90.6) for 2 doses, and 95.9% (95% CI, 45.0 to 100) for 3 doses. Vaccine effectiveness was 78.7% (95% CI, 10.1 to 97.7) for campaign doses received ≥5 days before rash onset in the primary case and 50.4% (95% CI, −52.1 to 87.9) for doses received 4 days before to 3 days after rash onset in the primary case. Vaccine effectiveness for most recent doses received before 2010 ranged from 51% to 57%, but it increased to 84% for second doses received in 2010 or later. Conclusions. Low VE was a major source of measles susceptibility in this outbreak; potential reasons include historical cold chain inadequacies or waning of immunity. Vaccine effectiveness of campaign doses supports rapid implementation of vaccination campaigns in outbreak settings.
The Real Estate Cycle and the Economy: Consequences of the Massachusetts Boom of 1984-87

The economy of Massachusetts is in a deep recession. What makes the downturn all the more painful is that it comes on the heels of a period of unprecedented prosperity. What happened? How could a state go from having the lowest unemployment rate in the US to having the second highest in the space of less than 4 years? Some claim that the current recession is a natural and inevitable downturn after a prolonged expansion and that the region will soon return to a reasonable growth path. Others claim that the state is likely to experience a prolonged period of decline. The thesis of this article is that the dramatic real estate cycle, which began with a housing price boom between 1984 and 1987, was an important element that not only contributed to but also very significantly amplified the economic fortunes and misfortunes of the Commonwealth and the region.