Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non‐targeted profiling of lipids during kainate‐induced neuronal injury

Kainate is a glutamate analog that has been widely used in pharmacological studies of neuronal injury related to ischemic conditions and epilepsy. While altered lipid metabolism has been implicated in kainate action, no study has yet investigated the associated changes in lipid metabolites on a systems scale. Here we describe a mass spectrometry‐based approach for profiling of lipid mixtures in a nontargeted fashion. Combined with tandem mass spectrometry, this method aims to identify lipids that are altered between two conditions, the kainate‐treated and the control hippocampal tissues. In addition to reductions in major phospholipids with mainly polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains, we find elevated levels of ions that correspond to acylated forms of phosphatidylethanolamines and ceramides. Acylated phosphatidylethanolamines are neuroprotective lipids and precursors for anandamide, which signals via cannabinoid receptors. Quantitative analysis of ceramides shows that many molecular species with different acyl compositions are increased during kainate treatment. This increase is mainly restricted to neurons rather than other brain cells in the hippocampus as revealed by immunohistochemistry of brain slices. —Guan, X. L. , He, X. , Ong, W. ‐Y. , Yeo, W. K. , Shui, G. , Wenk, M. R. Non‐targeted profiling of lipids during kainite‐induced neuronal injury. FASEB J. 20, 1152–1161 (2006)
Living well in care homes: a systematic review of qualitative studies.

BACKGROUND research in care home settings is often negatively focused, portraying life as sterile and devoid of meaningful experiences. Care homes have the potential to influence people's lives socially, physically and psychologically. It is important to understand what factors contribute to this. OBJECTIVE to conduct a systematic qualitative review of care home life and provide practical recommendations to enhance residents' quality of life. METHODS the following databases were searched: PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. References from appropriate journals and individual articles were checked. Papers that fitted our selection criteria were selected. Two independent reviewers assessed methodological study quality. Thematic analysis and meta-ethnographic methods were adapted to synthesise findings. RESULTS thirty-one studies were identified. People in care homes voiced concerns about lack of autonomy and difficulty in forming appropriate relationships with others. Four key themes were identified: (i) acceptance and adaptation, (ii) connectedness with others, (iii) a homelike environment, (iv) caring practices. CONCLUSION positive experiences in care homes can occur and are important for residents' quality of life. The review supports literature highlighting the need for relationship-centred approaches to care and emphasises the importance of understanding the resident's attitude towards living in care homes.
An Extensive Experimental Analysis of the Kink Effects in ${ S}_{22}$ and ${ h}_{21}$ for a GaN HEMT

This paper, for the first time, analyzes in detail the kink phenomenon in S22 as observed in GaN HEMT technology. To gain a comprehensive understanding, the kink effect (KE) is studied with respect to temperature and bias conditions. The achieved results clearly show that the dependence of the KE on the operating condition should be mainly ascribed to the transconductance, which plays a determinant role in the appearance of this effect. Furthermore, the analysis is extended to investigate the peak in the magnitude of h21 showing its disappearance at low drain-source voltage, due to the increase of the intrinsic output conductance. The importance of this investigation originates from the fact that an accurate and complete characterization of these anomalous phenomena enables microwave engineers to properly take them into account during the modeling and design phases.enables microwave engineers to properly take them into account during the modeling and design phases.
Study of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in Tycho's supernova remnant

In the present paper we investigate the linear stage of instabilities which might take place at the shock front of young supernova remnants (hereafter SNR), deriving expressions for the characteristic wavelength and typical growth time scales. These theoretical predictions are compared with very high res- olution observations of Tycho's SNR obtained with the Very Large Array at 1.4 GHz. The images obtained with an angular resolution of the order of 1 arcsec and with very good sensitiv- ity, clearly reveal the presence of corrugated (wavelike) struc- tures with remarkable spatial regularity, visible mainly along the northeastern part of the SNR shell. We argue that the Rayleigh- Taylor instability (hereafter R-T) is responsible for the observed structures. Using physical parameters of Tycho's remnant and its environment derived from different X-ray observational stud- ies, we computed the expected wavelength and growth rate for the most unstable R-T mode including viscosity and magnetic effects. The wavelength we derive is fully compatible with the one measured directly on the image (obs 0:9pc). The growth rate derived for this mode indicates that the R-T instability is still undergoing its linear stage.
Molecular imaging of brain lipid environment of lymphocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using magnetic resonance imaging and SECARS microscopy.

This paper highlights some of the key technologies of using two innovative molecular imaging modalites, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nonlinear optical microscopy, for imaging intravenously injected ultra small paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles cross linked with antibodies (CLUSPIO) in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) experimental model in vivo or ex vivo, respectively. Intensive efforts have been made in investigating the causes of abnormalities in lipid metabolism, monitored in some neurodegenerative disorders systems. It has been shown that an abnormal accumulation of some common lipids in motor nerve cells may play a critical role in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The presented experiments were performed on brain specimens from the transgenic rat model expressing multiple copies of mutated (G93A) human SOD-1 gene, after CD4+ lymphocytes were magnetically labeled with i.v. i. CLUSPIO antibodies. In vivo MRI revealed marked signal intensity enhancements in specific pathological regions of the ALS rat brain as compared to the wild type. Surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SECARS) microscopy indicated cellular interactions based on lipids association to anti-CD4 CLUSPIO.
Using an underspecified ASR system as an indicator for phonetic similarity

This paper presents a novel approach to the identification of phonetic similarity using properties observed during the speech recognition process. An experiment is presented whereby specific phones are removed during the training phase of a statistical speech recognition system so that the behaviour of the system can be analysed to see which alternative phone is selected. The domain of the analysis is restricted to specific contexts and the alternatively recognised (or substituted) phones are analysed with respect to a number of factors namely, the common phonetic properties, the phonetic neighbourhood and the frequency of occurrence in the complete corpus. The results indicate that a measure of phonetic similarity based on alternatively recognised observed properties can be predicted based on a combination of these factors and as such can serve as an important additional source of information for the purposes of pronunciation variation in speech recognition.
Improve of DeReQ Algorithm in Mobile Ad-HocNetworks

In this paper we study a QoS routing algorithm (DeReQ) that have been used in multimedia communication over ad hoc networks. Then we will propose some new important things about link delay and reliability of DeReQ. DeReQ is a QOS routing algorithm. The aim of DeReQ algorithm is to find an optimal route.
A novel stereoscopic projection display system for CT images of fractures

The present study proposed a novel projection display system based on a virtual reality enhancement environment. The proposed system displays stereoscopic images of fractures and enhances the computed tomography (CT) images. The diagnosis and treatment of fractures primarily depend on the post-processing of CT images. However, two-dimensional (2D) images do not show overlapping structures in fractures since they are displayed without visual depth and these structures are too small to be simultaneously observed by a group of clinicians. Stereoscopic displays may solve this problem and allow clinicians to obtain more information from CT images. Hardware with which to generate stereoscopic images was designed. This system utilized the conventional equipment found in meeting rooms. The off-axis algorithm was adopted to convert the CT images into stereo image pairs, which were used as the input for a stereo generator. The final stereoscopic images were displayed using a projection system. Several CT fracture images were imported into the system for comparison with traditional 2D CT images. The results showed that the proposed system aids clinicians in group discussions by producing large stereoscopic images. The results demonstrated that the enhanced stereoscopic CT images generated by the system appear clearer and smoother, such that the sizes, displacement and shapes of bone fragments are easier to assess. Certain fractures that were previously not visible on 2D CT images due to vision overlap became vividly evident in the stereo images. The proposed projection display system efficiently, economically and accurately displayed three-dimensional (3D) CT images. The system may help clinicians improve the diagnosis and treatment of fractures.
Semi-hierarchical naïve Bayes classifier

The classification of high dimensional data is an arduous task especially with the emergence of high quality data acquisition techniques. This problem is accentuated when the whole set of features is needed to learn a classifier such as the case of genomic data. The Bayesian approach is suitable for these applications because it represents graphically and statistically the dependencies between the features. Unfortunately, learning a Bayesian classifier using a high number of features does not ensure a tradeoff between the dimensions' reduction, the semantic of the model and the predictive performance. We propose a new semi-hierarchical naïve Bayes that uses the latent variables for abstracting the features of a given dataset in order to reduce the dimensionality. These variables are suitable for finding graphically and semantically analyzable models. We combined them with the observed variables in a tree-augmented naïve Bayes structure in order to improve the prediction accuracy. An excessive experimental study showed that our method is suitable for high dimensional data and overcomes the existing methods.
A stochastic age-structured population model of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the Potomac River

Deterministic age-structured models of fish populations neglect apparently stochastic fluctuations in the catch per unit effort of yearlings and of adult fish. We describe a model of an age-structured population in which the survival of eggs to yearlings fluctuates randomly, but all other age-specific rates of survival and of egg-laying are constant. For such a stochastic model, two measures of the long-term population growth rate are the average growth rate of the population size and the growth rate of the average population size. We compute both measures analytically for a simplified model representing only eggs and reproductive adults. For a model of the striped bass (Morone saxatilis) population spawning in the Potomac River, we compute both point and interval estimates of the growth rate of the average population size. We illustrate some statistical tests of the correctness of our stochastic model.
100+ GHz static divide-by-2 circuit in InP-DHBT technology

Static dividers in 135 GHz InP-DHBT technology have been designed, fabricated and measured. Circuits are operational from DC to 100 GHz. Due to limitations in available measurement equipment, investigation of the circuit operation beyond 100 GHz is not possible at this time, however, already, to the authors' knowledge, this is the highest toggling frequency reported in any static circuit in any technology. The circuit consumes about 150 mA from a single 5V supply and allocates a total area of 675 /spl times/ 900 /spl mu/m/sup 2/.
Immumohistochemical Detection and Localization of Prion Protein in Brain Tissue of Sheep With Natural Scrapie

A converted form of the normal cellular prion protein (PrP) accumulates in the brains of sheep with scrapie. We describe an immunohistochemical method for identifying scrapie-associated PrP (PrPSc) in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde-fixed brain tissue, which provides adequate preservation of tissue morphology. After pretreatment of tissue sections with formic acid and hydrated autoclaving, we located PrPSc in the brains of 50 sheep with natural scrapie by use of antipeptide antisera raised against ovine PrP. No PrP was seen in 20 sheep without histopathologic signs of scrapie. PrP80 that did not stain for amyloid was present in the cytoplasm and at the cell membrane of both neurons and astrocytes. Large amounts of PrPSc were seen at the cell membrane of neurons in the medulla oblongata and pons, whereas PrPSc accumulated at the cell membrane of astrocytes of the glial limitans in all brain regions. PrPSc that stained for amyloid was located in the walls of blood vessels and perivascularly in the brains of 32 (64%) of 50 sheep, mainly in the thalamus and never in the pons or medulla oblongata. No apparent topographic relationship existed between PrPSc that stained for amyloid and PrPSc accumulation associated with neurons or astrocytes. In all scrapie-affected sheep, PrPSc was present in brain regions with vacuolation, but it could also be detected in regions with minimal or no vacuolation. We conclude that the immunohistochemical detection of PrP can be an important confirmative test in scrapie diagnosis.
Design and performance of turbo Gallager codes

The most powerful channel-coding schemes, namely, those based on turbo codes and low-density parity-check (LDPC) Gallager codes, have in common the principle of iterative decoding. However, the relative coding structures and decoding algorithms are substantially different. This paper shows that recently proposed novel coding structures bridge the gap between these two schemes. In fact, with properly chosen component convolutional codes, a turbo code can be successfully decoded by means of the decoding algorithm used for LDPC codes, i.e., the belief-propagation algorithm working on the code Tanner graph. These new turbo codes are here nicknamed "turbo Gallager codes. " Besides being interesting from a conceptual viewpoint, these schemes are important on the practical side because they can be decoded in a fully parallel manner. In addition to the encoding complexity advantage of turbo codes, the low decoding complexity allows the design of very efficient channel-coding schemes.
Per-jonny Käck Robust Stereo Correspondence Using Graph Cuts Robust Stereo Correspondence Using Graph Cuts

Some of the latest stereo matching algorithms are based on graph cuts which has turned out to be a good and efficient optimisation method. These and other recent stereo matching algorithms produce very good results on typical benchmark stereo image pairs, but there is one big problem. The problem is that real stereo pairs, in contrast to benchmark pairs, often describe more complicated scenes and have higher levels of noise. Therefore, in this project we have extended one of the best graph cut based algorithms of today with a robustified matching cost and an ordering constraint. This new extended algorithm better models occlusions, and is less sensitive to random noise, but still experience difficulties in textureless image areas. Therefore it would be of great interest if one could combine the robustness of correlation based matching and the perfectionism of graph cut based matching into one algorithm. This project also shows that more difficult benchmark pairs are preferable if one in an easier way wants to compare current and future algorithms in terms of robustness. Robust stereomatchning med hjälp av grafsnitt
EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON STUDENTS’ SATISFACTION IN TANZANIA HIGHER EDUCATION

This study examined the effect of service quality (SQ) dimensions on the students’ satisfaction in higher education in Tanzania. A cross sectional questionnaire survey involving 200 students was conducted at the college of Business Education, Dodoma Campus. A SERVQUAL Model with five SQ dimensions; tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, empathy and assurance was adopted in this study. To estimate the overall SERVQUAL index score, the difference of perceptions and expectations (P – E) was computed and finally the scores for each SQ dimension were summed and divided by five. Binary Logistic Regression Model was used to estimate the effect of SQ dimensions on students’ satisfaction. The results show that the SQ index of all SQ dimensions and the overall SERVQUAL index was negative implying that the SQ was negative. The regression results indicate that tangibles, reliability, empathy and assurance have negative effect on students’ satisfaction. The study recommends that the college management needs to improve tangibles, reliability, empathy and assurance in order to minimize students’ dissatisfaction toward SQ of education services offered by the College of Business Education, Dodoma Campus.
The Effects of Leveraged Buyouts

A spectacular rise in the number and size of leveraged buyouts (LBOs) has occurred within the past decade. In an LBO a group of private investors, typically including sen ior management, borrows against the assets and cashflows of the target firm to buy the public interest in common stock, taking the firm private. The effects of such buyouts are highly controversial. Empirical evidence to date provides some answers about the LBO phenomenon and its effects. This paper summarizes the evidence concerning stock holder gains, bondholder losses, corporate tax savings, and increases in operating ef ficiency associated with LBOs.
Fourier-Transform Raman Spectroscopy Study of the Ovariectomized Rat Model of Osteoporosis~!2009-09-30~!2010-02-11~!2010-03-25~!

The ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis was studied using FT-Raman spectroscopy on the surface of sitespecific bones. Twelve, 3 month old female Wistar rats (230 ± 10 g) were divided into two groups (n = 6 per group), one group was: ovariectomized (OVX) and the other sham-operated (SHAM). The rats were sacrificed to collect samples twelve weeks after the surgical operation. The right femur and tibia as well as the third lumbar vertebra were harvested and subjected to FT-Raman analysis on the following bones sites: femoral neck (FN), femoral mid-shaft (FS), proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM), tibial mid-shaft (TS), and lumbar vertebral body (LVB). Analysis of individual Raman peaks showed site-dependent variations in the bone: the ovariectomy induced lower mineral content (959 cm -1 ) in trabecular bone sites (FN, PTM and LVB) and higher matrix content (1265 and 1665 cm -1 ) in cortical bone sites (FS and TS). In addition, a lower mineral to matrix ratio and a higher carbonate/phosphate were observed in the OVX group, which indicated a change in bone chemical content and some degree of remodeling specially in the trabecular bone sites. These data support the hypothesis that FT-Raman spectroscopy can be used to evaluate the bone alterations induced by this experimental model.
FURTHER EXISTENCE RESULTS FOR EVOLUTION EQUATIONS OF MIXED TYPE AND FOR A GENERALIZED TRICOMI EQUATION

In this note we give several existence results: for first order evolution equation of the type Ru′+Au = f where R may be a function depending also on time assuming positive, null and negative sign, then the equation may be elliptic-parabolic, both forward and backward; for second order evolution equation of the type Ru′′ +Au′ +Au = f where R may be a function depending also on time assuming positive, null and negative sign. The setting is very general, R may be an operator and some varying with time Banach spaces are considered. We also generalize known existence results for the equations (Ru)′ + Au = f and (Ru′)′ + Au′ + Au = f in the setting of varying spaces. Finally we give existence results for the generalized Tricomi equations Ru′′ + Au = f and (Ru′)′ + Au = f , with R as before. We also give some time regularity result for the solutions and at the end we give many examples of different possible choices of R. Mathematics subject classification: 35M10, 35R20, 35K90, 35L90
The Distribution of Earned Income among Men and Women, 1958-77.

The distribution of income continues to be a lively topic for public policy as well as academic debate. While few, if any, officials have embraced income redistribution as a goal of public policy, many legislative and administrative measures have, in fact, altered income distribution. The extent of such redistribution often becomes a major factor underlying the resolution of tax, welfare, and other economic policy questions. As one example, the 1977 congressional rejection of practically all President Carter's proposals for tax reform reflected a quite different attitude toward income distribution than the atti-
Culture and Institutions

A growing body of empirical work measuring different types of cultural traits has shown that culture matters for a variety of economic outcomes. This paper focuses on one specific aspect of the relevance of culture: its relationship to institutions. We review work with a theoretical, empirical, and historical bent to assess the presence of a two-way causal effect between culture and institutions.
CHANNEL MEASUREMENTS AND MODELLING IN A MILITARY CARGO AIRPLANE

The results of an ultrawideband (UWB) measurement campaign carried out in a Hercules C-130 military cargo airplane are presented. The environment encompasses several metallic surfaces resulting in a large number of multipath components. Path-loss factor n representing the distance dependence of the channel path-loss is calculated for various frequency centers and bandwidths. A path- gain calculation model based on the concept of seperability of distance and frequency variables is proposed and comparison to measurements is given. Furthermore, time dispersion parameters, namely mean excess delay and root mean square (r.m.s.) delay spread are examined and their dependence on transmitter-receiver antennas separation is investigated. A power law is then employed to model the relation between the number of multipath components and the r.m. s delay spread. The temporal correlation between adjacent path amplitudes is found to be negligible. A modifled Saleh-Valenzuela model is invoked to describe the clustering of multipaths, where a difierent power decay factor is used for the rays of the flrst cluster as opposed to subsequent clusters. Moreover, the Weibull distribution models the small scale channel fading with a lognormally distributed shape parameter. The average values of this parameter imply severe fading conditions. Finally, simulation results of the proposed statistical model are compared to measured data demonstrating reasonable agreement.