Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Roles of Internal Public Relations, Leadership Style, and Workplace Spirituality in Building Leader-Employee Relationships and Facilitating Relational Outcomes

Title of Document: THE ROLES OF INTERNAL PUBLIC RELATIONS, LEADERSHIP STYLE, AND WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY IN BUILDING LEADER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIPS AND FACILITATING RELATIONAL OUTCOMES Nancy D. McCown, Ph.D., 2008 Directed By: Associate Professor Linda Aldoory, Department of Communication Through a qualitative case study, this dissertation’s purpose was to explore the confluence of internal public relations, leadership styles, and organizational culture— specifically in a spiritually based workplace—in order to better understand their influence on leader-employee relationship management. The organization researched was a bank with approximately 110 employees including several branch locations. Data collection triangulation included in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis of relevant internal publications and communications. Analysis employed grounded theory strategies using the constant comparison method. Results indicated that this confluence, driven by the founder/top leader’s faith and vision, enacted authentic/transformational/principle-centered/servant leadership style, spiritually based organizational culture, and open, two-way symmetrical communication to foster intentional, positive, people-driven cultural maintenance, interpersonal communication, and employee empowerment/growth strategies. In turn, this hybrid environment fostered strong relationship building between employees and organizational leaders as well as between employees across the organization. The confluence also promoted organizational unity as well as intentional leadership development among employees through both specific career goal planning and opportunities for honing individual employees’ leadership skills. These outcomes feed back into the leadership, culture, and communication processes to perpetuate a cycle of organizational success. This study extended previous research in internal public relations, leadership styles, and organizational culture by examining their confluence and resulting outcomes to produce a model for internal public relationship building. Ultimately, this model and the understanding enhanced by it offers value to organizational leaders and public relations practitioners as they seek to build more successful leader-employee relationships as well as relationships between employees across the organization through heightened trust, control mutuality, job satisfaction, and commitment. The research also offers value by describing a model that encourages greater empowerment and leadership development among employees at various organizational levels, potentially serving to increase productivity and reach organizational goals. THE ROLES OF INTERNAL PUBLIC RELATIONS, LEADERSHIP STYLE, AND WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY IN BUILDING LEADER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIPS AND FACILITATING RELATIONAL OUTCOMES
Volatility And Growth

It has long been recognized that productivity growth and the business cycle are closely interrelated. Yet, until recently, the two phenomena have been investigated separately in the economics literature. This book provides the first consistent attempt to analyze the effects of macroeconomic volatility on productivity growth, and also the reverse causality from growth to business cycles. The authors show that by looking at the economy through the lens of private entrepreneurs, who invest under credit constraints, one can go some way towards explaining persistent macroeconomic volatility and the effects of volatility on growth. Beginning with an analysis of the effects of volatility on growth, the authors argue that the lower the level of financial development in a country the more detrimental the effect of volatility on growth. This prediction is confirmed by cross-country panel regressions. The data also suggests that a fixed exchange rate regime or more countercyclical budgetary policies are growth-enhancing in countries with a lower level of financial development. The former reduce aggregate volatility whereas the latter reduce the negative effects of volatility on long-term productivity-enhancing investment by firms. The book concludes with an investigation into how the interplay between credit constraints and pecuniary externalities is sufficient to generate persistent business cycles and to explain the occurrence of currency crises.
Efficacy of N-Acetyl-Cysteine in Combination with Thiamphenicol in Sequential (Intramuscular/Aerosol) Therapy of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Even When Sustained by Bacterial Biofilms

Abstract A total of 102 patients with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections underwent microbiological exploration with appropriate sampling and direct biopsies of the infected sites. Therapy was then started and on day 1 each patient received two intramuscular injections of thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate (TGA). From day 2 to 10 sequential therapy with the same drug was continued employing TGA administered by aerosol. All putative etiologic agents recovered were susceptible to thiamphenicol and only 24 demonstrated the ability to produce in vitro biofilms. The organisms comprised 10 Staphylococcus aureus, 6 Streptococcus pyogenes, 4 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 3 Haemophilus influenzae. Of the 24 subjects in whom biofilms were demonstrated to be present in vivoby Scanning Electron Microscopy, clinical and bacteriological cure was obtained in 21 cases (87.5%) following sequential therapy with TGA. Failures were considered to be persistent signs and symptoms at day 15 after initiation of treatment and lack of eradication of 3 S. aureus strains, despite their in vitro susceptibility to thiamphenicol. Very few adverse events attributable to TGA were reported in this cohort of patients. In no case was discontinuation of treatment deemed necessary by the attending physician.
Tests of income pooling in household decisions

Using the Progresa data from Mexico, we investigate intrahousehold decision making using a variety of outcomes. We exploit both the experimental nature and the (short) panel dimension of the data to measure the impact of exogenous changes in the intrahousehold distribution of resources on household decisions. We test for global pooling of resources within households, which would correspond to the unitary model of household decision making. We also exploit a set of questions about power and the decision making process in the household to investigate aspects of strategic interactions between household members. Our findings confirm previous rejections of income pooling. We also cannot reject that the wife's relative income share is a significant determinant of the wife's decision making power in the household, with a higher share of income associated with more decision making power. (Copyright: Elsevier)
Oral contraceptives in relation to breast cancer.

Even though many studies have examined the relationship between oral contraceptive (OC) use and breast cancer risk, we still do not know whether OCs increase the risk of breast cancer. Evidence suggests that longterm OC use may possible increase the risk of breast cancer in women under 45 years old. The risk may be increased in women who use OCs after age 40. Almost no data suggest an increased of breast cancer in women who first used OCs at a late age or for spacing pregnancies. Epidemiologist, clinicians, and basic scientists need to join together to gain more insight into this relationship. Research needs to develop in vitro breast tissue systems to investigate growth, differentiation, and transformation effects of hormonal factors and methods to classify OC formulations in such a way as to ascertain their effect on breast tissue. It also needs to continue to study the relationship between hormonal exposures and local growth factors and oncogenes. Future case control studies should confirm to the following criteria: be population based, include many women who were first exposed to OCs while still young, able to generate a high response, and designed to reduce the probability of bias. Researchers also need to compare the distribution of OC use and other breast cancer risk factors of both participants of case control studies and nonparticipants to these studies' results. Researchers must look at ways to increase study participation, e.g., financial incentives and public education. Studies in health maintenance organizations or countries with national health care systems, which tend to have longterm medical records, would address recall bias. Researchers need to continue following women who first used and continue to use OCs at an early age to ascertain the effects of OCs in the perimenopausal years. Other groups include women with a strong family history of breast cancer, with previous benign breast disease, or with a history of induced abortion.
Microeconomics : theory/applications

Part 1 Introduction: microeconomics demand and supply. Part 2 Consumer behaviour and market demand: tastes and preferences of the consumer consumer behaviour and individual demand market demand choices involving risk cross-chapter case - the demand for airline travel - the North Atlantic market. Part 3 The firm - its technology and costs: the firm and its technology optimal input combinations and cost functions cross-chapter case - how the Japanese have revolutionized manufacturing techniques. Part 4 Market structure, price and output: perfect competition effects of government intervention - applying the competitive model monopoly monopolistic competition and oligopoly game theory and strategic behaviour cross-chapter case - the FCC and the "biggest auction in the known universe". Part 5 Markets for inputs: price and employment of inputs investment decisions cross-chapter case - sex discrimination and comparable worth. Part 6 Information, efficiency and government: general equilibrium analysis and resource allocation promotion of economic efficiency asymmetric information public goods, externalities, and the role of government cross-chapter case - who gained or lost how much from steel import quotas?
Essential Role of Platelet-Activating Factor in Control of Leishmania (Leishmania)amazonensis Infection

ABSTRACT In the present study we investigated the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and prostaglandins in experimental Leishmania (Leishmania)amazonensis infection and the relationship between these mediators and nitric oxide (NO) production. Mouse peritoneal macrophages elicited with thioglicolate were infected with leishmania amastigotes, and the infection index determined 48 h later. The course of infection was monitored for 5 weeks in mice infected in the footpad with promastigotes by measuring the footpad swelling and parasite load in regional lymph nodes and spleen. The addition of PAF to C57BL/6 mouse macrophages significantly inhibited parasite growth and induced NO production. Treatment of macrophages with a selective PAF antagonist, WEB2086, increased the infection, indicating that endogenously produced PAF regulates macrophage ability to control leishmania infection. This effect of PAF was abolished by addition of the inhibitor of NO synthesis, L-NAME, to the cultures. The addition of prostaglandin E2 significantly increased the infection and NO production. Treatment with cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, reduced the infection and PAF-induced release of NO. Thus, the increased NO production induced by PAF seems to be mediated by prostaglandins. The more-selective inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase 2, nimesulide and NS-398, had no significant effect. Thus, antileishmanial activity correlates better with the presence of PAF or absence of prostaglandins than with NO production. In vivo treatment with PAF antagonists significantly increased leishmania lesions, as well as the parasite load, in regional lymph nodes and spleens. These findings indicate that PAF is essential for the control of leishmania infection.
Population Heterogeneity in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 Caused by Prophage CGP3

ABSTRACT The genome of Corynebacterium glutamicum type strain ATCC 13032 (accession number BX927147) contains three prophages, CGP1, CGP2, and CGP3. We recently observed that many genes within the CGP3 prophage region have increased mRNA levels in a dtxR deletion mutant that lacks the master regulator of iron homeostasis (J. Wennerhold and M. Bott, J. Bacteriol. 188:2907-2918, 2006). Here, we provide evidence that this effect is due to the increased induction of the prophage CGP3 in the dtxR mutant, possibly triggered by DNA damage caused by elevated intracellular iron concentrations. Upon induction, the CGP3 prophage region is excised from the genome and forms a circular double-stranded DNA molecule. Using quantitative real-time PCR, an average copy number of about 0.1 per chromosome was determined for circular CGP3 DNA in wild-type C. glutamicum. This copy number increased about 15-fold in the dtxR mutant. In order to visualize the CGP3 DNA within single cells, a derivative of the wild type was constructed that contained an array of tet operators integrated within the CGP3 region and a plasmid-encoded YFP-TetR fusion protein. As expected, one to two fluorescent foci that represented the chromosomally integrated CGP3 prophage were detected in the majority of cells. However, in a small fraction (2 to 4%) of the population, 4 to 10 CGP3 DNA molecules could be observed in a single cell. Interestingly, the presence of many CGP3 copies in a cell often was accompanied by an efflux of chromosomal DNA, indicating the lysis of the corresponding cell. However, evidence for the formation of functional infective CGP3 phage particles could not be obtained.
Has the Study of Public Service Motivation Addressed the Issues That Motivated the Study?

The study of Public Service Motivation (PSM) has achieved considerable academic momentum with increasingly subtle research appearing each year. It is now opportune to look back at decades of work to see whether the concerns that initiated this area of study have been addressed. This article uses seminal articles that have shaped the field to find three main topics of interest: a concern about the way that theories of public choice characterized human nature, an ambition to crystallize and measure long-held understandings about a public service ethos, and a wish to promote a practical basis for incentivizing staff in the public sector. The application of PSM to these goals is examined, with the conclusion that PSM studies have made little progress in addressing any of those concerns. The implications of that conclusion are briefly considered.
Arthroscopic Anatomic Glenoid Reconstruction: Analysis of the Learning Curve

Background: Anatomic glenoid reconstruction involves the use of distal tibial allograft for bony augmentation of the glenoid surface. An all-arthroscopic approach was recently described to avoid damage to the subscapularis tendon and preserve the capsule and labrum. Purpose: To explore and compare change in surgical time between 2 proposed methods used for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability—arthroscopic anatomic glenoid reconstruction (AAGR) and arthroscopic Latarjet (AL)—over successive procedures. We also compared graft positioning on the anterior glenoid surface between the 2 methods. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This was a single-surgeon retrospective review of 54 cases of surgically treated recurrent anterior shoulder instability: 27 had AAGR with distal tibial allograft, while the other 27 had AL. AAGR with the distal tibial allograft was the primary choice for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability; however, AL was performed when tibial allograft was not available from the bone bank. Thus, there was an overlapping period for those 2 procedures. Procedure start and end times were recorded, and duration was calculated. Postoperative 3-dimensional computed tomography scans were reviewed, and graft position was judged to be in the lower third (desired position), middle third, or upper third of the anterior glenoid surface. To assess learning, these data were organized in chronological order of surgery, and each surgical cohort was divided into 3 chronological clusters of 9 patients each. Learning was assessed through change in operative time over successive clusters, change in variability of operative time among clusters, and change in graft positioning among clusters. Statistical analysis comprised a 2-tailed independent-sample t test and the Levene test for equality of variance. Results: Our study found that AAGR was significantly faster to perform than AL in the early (P = .001), middle (P = .001), and late (P = .05) clusters of each cohort. Duration of surgery did not significantly improve across clusters within each cohort (P = .15-.79). There were no significant changes in the variability of surgical time in the AAGR group (P = .09) or the AL group (P = .13). Desired positioning of the bone graft on the anterior glenoid surface (lower third) was identified more commonly in the AAGR cohort. Conclusion: AAGR is faster to learn and perform than AL for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder instability with significant glenoid bone loss. The current study found higher rates of desired graft positioning for AAGR clusters.
Donors to charity gain in both indirect reciprocity and political reputation

Darwinian evolution can explain human cooperative behaviour among non–kin by either direct or indirect reciprocity. In the latter case one does not expect a return for an altruistic act from the recipient as with direct reciprocity, but from another member of the social group. However, the widespread human behaviour of donating to poor people outside the social group, for example, to charity organizations, that are unlikely to reciprocate indirectly and thus are equivalent to defectors in the game is still an evolutionary puzzle. Here we show experimentally that donations made in public to a well–known relief organization resulted both in increased income (that the donors received from the members of their group) and in enhanced political reputation (they were elected to represent the interests of their group). Donations may thus function as an honest signal for one's social reliability.
A Proposal to Compare Consistently the Inequality Among the Poor

type="main"> A poverty index should be sensitive to the number of poor people, the extent of the shortfall of the poor, and the inequality among the poor. A difficulty arises when inequality among the poor needs to be assessed. The inequality may be analyzed in terms of either incomes or gaps. Depending on what side we focus on, the inequality level comparisons may be contradictory. This paper proposes a reinterpretation of the inequality component involved in the decompositions of well-known poverty indices. The alternative indices we introduce measure equally the income and gap inequality among the poor. The comparisons in inequality as measured by these indices are then independent of the viewpoint. An empirical application illustrates the proposal.
AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on (111) silicon substrates

AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on silicon substrates have been fabricated and their static and small-signal RF characteristics investigated. The AlGaN/GaN material structures were grown on (111) p-Si by LP-MOVPE. Devices exhibit a saturation current of 0.91 A/mm, a good pinchoff and a peak extrinsic transconductance of 122 mS/mm. A unity current gain frequency of 12.5 GHz and f/sub max//f/sub T/=0.83 were obtained. The highest saturation current reported so far, static output characteristics of up to 20 V and breakdown voltage at pinchoff higher than 40 V demonstrate that the devices are capable of handling /spl sim/16 W/mm static heat dissipation.
Parties as Political Intermediaries

This paper argues that parties regulate competition among Hke-minded factions so as to enhance reputation building by, and voter trust in, the politicians standing for a given cause. While intra- and interparty competition contributes to keeping politicians on their toes, unbridled competition may encourage politicians to challenge good platforms and to wage competition along socially suboptimal dimensions (for example, by privileging form over content). The paper builds a simple model of intraparty competition and studies whether various hierarchical or democratic party institutions constitute an efficient form of party governance. The paper shows that intraparty disagreements, when they occur, hurt the party's position in the general election, but that their possibility enhances party image; and that parties must be able to avoid behind-the-scene allocations of portfolios and spoils in order to be credible. Last, it analyzes the impact of political polarization and interparty competition on the choice of party governance.
Cytosol-to-lysosome Transport of Free Polymannose-type Oligosaccharides

In hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, free polymannose-type oligosaccharides appearing in the cytosol during the biosynthesis and quality control of glycoproteins are rapidly translocated into lysosomes by an as yet poorly defined process (Saint-Pol, A., Bauvy, C., Codogno, P., and Moore, S. E. H. (1997)J. Cell Biol. 136, 45–59). Here, we demonstrate an ATP-dependent association of [2-3H]mannose-labeled Man5GlcNAc with isolated rat liver lysosomes. This association was only observed in the presence of swainsonine, a mannosidase inhibitor, which was required for the protection of sedimentable, but not nonsedimentable, Man5GlcNAc from degradation, indicating that oligosaccharides were transported into lysosomes. Saturable high affinity transport (K uptake, 22.3 μm, V max, 7.1 fmol/min/unit of β-hexosaminidase) was dependent upon the hydrolysis of ATP but independent of vacuolar H+/ATPase activity. Transport was inhibited strongly by NEM and weakly by vanadate but not by sodium azide, and, in addition, the sugar transport inhibitors phloretin, phloridzin, and cytochalasin B were without effect on transport. Oligosaccharide import did not show absolute specificity but was selective toward partially demannosylated and dephosphorylated oligosaccharides, and, furthermore, inhibition studies revealed that the free reducing GlcNAc residue of the oligosaccharide was of critical importance for its interaction with the transporter. These results demonstrate the presence of a novel lysosomal free oligosaccharide transporter that must work in concert with cytosolic hydrolases in order to clear the cytosol of endoplasmic reticulum-generated free oligosaccharides.
NETWORKS AND PARTNERSHIPS: MANAGING CHANGE AND COMPETITION

INTRODUCTION Companies operating in international markets have been told that innovation lies at the heart of success and that they should establish early warning systems to help them see the signals of change (Porter, 1990). At the global level, technological developments and competitive conditions have been seen as ‘increasing pressure on firms to co‐operate along and between value‐added chains’ (Dunning, 1993). However, does this apply only to multinational enterprises competing in world markets? In the early 1990s many small firms in London were also under pressure; they were often in industries characterized by significant technical changes, to which managers had responded by introducing technical developments into their own firms. They had often been severely constrained in their attempts to achieve their business objectives by difficult competitive conditions, notably the poor growth of market demand and the increasing intensity of competition. Of course, businesses everywhere have always faced changes in their competitive environments and it is the responsibility of management to make appropriate responses to these changes. However, firms vary in their ability to identify and understand the competitive environment and in their ability to mobilize and manage the resources needed for a successful response (Pettigrew and Whipp, 1993).