Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noun-related morphosyntactic difficulties in specific language impairment across languages

Noun-related morphosyntax has not been emphasized in the literature on children with specific language impairment (SLI), yet, across languages, problems in this area are quite apparent. This review is designed to highlight noun-related difficulties that seem to be especially troublesome for these children. A review of the research literature on children with SLI was conducted, including work on a wide range of languages. Children with SLI were found to have weaknesses greater than those of younger typically developing compatriots in such noun-related areas as articles, possessive inflections, full subject pronouns, agglutinating noun suffixes, and pronominal clitics. Factors seemingly responsible for these difficulties include prosody, case assignment, agreement, and both grammatical and phonological opacity. Each language reviewed provides evidence of serious problems with select noun-related morphemes in the speech of children with SLI. The emphasis in language assessment will necessarily have to vary across languages, not because children vary in their ability to overcome the obstacles that these factors present, but rather because the typology of a language will dictate the extent to which these factors are operative in the language.
AtRMR1 functions as a cargo receptor for protein trafficking to the protein storage vacuole

Organellar proteins are sorted by cargo receptors on the way to their final destination. However, receptors for proteins that are destined for the protein storage vacuole (PSV) are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the biological role that Arabidopsis thaliana receptor homology region transmembrane domain ring H2 motif protein (AtRMR) 1 plays in protein trafficking to the PSV. AtRMR1 mainly colocalized to the prevacuolar compartment of the PSV, but a minor portion also localized to the Golgi complex. The coexpression of AtRMR1 mutants that were localized to the Golgi complex strongly inhibited the trafficking of phaseolin to the PSV and caused accumulation of phaseolin in the Golgi complex or its secretion. Coimmunoprecipitation and in vitro binding assays revealed that the lumenal domain of AtRMR1 interacts with the COOH-terminal sorting signal of phaseolin at acidic pH. Furthermore, phaseolin colocalized with AtRMR1 on its way to the PSV. Based on these results, we propose that AtRMR1 functions as the sorting receptor of phaseolin for its trafficking to the PSV.
Changes in Test Scores and Cortical Activation during the Miyake Memory Test

〔目的〕三宅式記銘力検査時の脳血流反応を明らかにするために，近赤外光脳イメージング装置を用いて検討した．〔対象〕健常ボランティア男性8名（25.6±3. 9歳）とした．〔方法〕近赤外光脳イメージング装置を用いて，三宅式記銘力検査時における前頭前野領域での脳血流反応を測定した．有関係対語と無関係対語の2条件にて，それぞれ3回の繰り返し課題での得点と脳血流の変化について評価した．〔結果〕有関係対語，無関係対語ともに，1回目と3回目での比較にて，正答数の増加が認められ，Oxy-Hb値に関しては有意な低下を認めた．〔結語〕言語性記憶課題においても，同一課題を頻回繰り返すことによる正答数の増加は，脳血流量を減少させることが示唆された．
Influence of Extraction Method on Quality and Functionality of Broccoli Juice

This study was performed to compare the quality and functionality of broccoli juice as affected by extraction method. Broccoli juice was extracted using method I (NUC Kuvings silent juicer), method II (NUC centrifugal juicer), and method III (NUC mixer), and the quality properties of the broccoli juices were analyzed using three different methods. Additionally, the antioxidative, anticancer, and anti-hyperglycemic activities of broccoli juice prepared by the three different methods were investigated in vitro. The broccoli juice made by method I contained the highest polyphenol and flavonoid contents at 1,226.24 mg/L and 1,018.32 mg/L, respectively. Particularly, broccoli juice prepared by method I showed higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities than those of the other samples. Additionally, broccoli juice made by method I showed the highest growth inhibitory effects against HeLa, A549, AGS, and HT-29 cancer cells. Broccoli juice prepared by method I had the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. These results indicate that there are important differences in chemical and functional qualities between juice extraction techniques.
Impact of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND The impact of metastasis to the retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) group is poorly understood because of the difficult access of the retropharyngeal space. Previous studies concluding to the negative impact of RPLN metastasis rely heavily on radiographic assessment, which introduces the possibility of diagnostic error. OBJECTIVE To better define the prognostic significance of metastatic retropharyngeal adenopathy in patients with non-nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study of patients with non-nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck who underwent resection of the RPLN group and were followed up for an average of 24 months. SETTING Tertiary care academic medical center. PATIENTS The 51 patients included in the study had been treated for advanced-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and/or supraglottic larynx via a surgical approach to the primary tumor that afforded access to the RPLN group. All patients underwent dissection and pathologic interpretation of the RPLNs, most patients received postoperative radiotherapy, and 43 patients met survival analysis criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Local and regional recurrence rates, the development of distant metastasis, and disease-free and overall survival. RESULTS Metastasis to the RPLN group was confirmed pathologically in 14 (27.5%) patients. There was no statistically significant difference between patients with and without RPLN metastasis in rates of local recurrence (24.8% vs 28.4%), regional recurrence (17.5% vs 19.6%), distant metastasis (17.0% vs 11.2%), disease-free survival (40.5% vs 30.5%), and overall survival (40.6% vs 38.5%). CONCLUSION Metastasis to the RPLN group does not impact disease control or survival in patients with advanced non-nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with multimodality therapy.
Galactic Centre stellar winds and Sgr A* accretion

We present a detailed discussion of our new 3D numerical models for the accretion of stellar winds on to Sgr A ∗ . In our most sophisticated models, we put stellar wind sources on realistic orbits around Sgr A ∗ , we include recently discovered 'slow' winds (v w ∼ 300 km s −1 ), and we account for optically thin radiative cooling. We test our approach by first modelling only one-phase 'fast' stellar winds (v w ∼ 1000 km s −1 ). For stellar wind sources fixed in space, the accretion rate is of the order of ˙ M � 10 −5 Myr −1 , fluctuates by 10 per cent, and is in good agreement with previous models. In contrast, ˙ M decreases by an order of magnitude for wind sources following circular orbits, and fluctuates by ∼50 per cent. Then we allow a fraction of stars to produce slow winds. Much of these winds cool radiatively after being shocked, forming cold clumps and filaments immersed into the X-ray-emitting gas. We investigate two orbital configurations for the stars in this scenario, an isotropic distribution and two rotating discs with perpendicular orientation. The morphology of cold gas is quite sensitive to the orbital distribution of the stars. In both cases, however, most of the accreted gas is hot, producing a quasi-steady 'floor' in the accretion rate, of the order of ∼3 × 10 −6 Myr −1 , consistent with the values deduced from Chandra observations. The cold gas accretes in intermittent, short but powerful accretion episodes, which may give rise to large-amplitude variability in the luminosity of Sgr A ∗ on time-scales of tens to hundreds of years. The circularization radii for the flows are about 10 3 and 10 4 Schwarzschild radii, for the one- and two-phase wind simulations, respectively, never forming the quasi-spherical accretion flows suggested in some previous work. Our work suggests that, averaged over time-scales of hundreds to thousands of years, the radiative and mechanical luminosity of Sgr A ∗ may be substantially higher than it is in its current state. Further improvements of the wind accretion modelling of Sgr A ∗ will
Shining lights and bad apples: The effect of goal-setting on group performance

Management education programs increasingly use group work as a tool for developing teamwork knowledge and skills. A critical factor identified in prior research to influence group performance in student groups is goal-setting. We test in a sample of 37 groups the effect of group goal configurations and goal difficulty on group performance. We show that goal distance (as the distance between the lowest goal in the group and the rest of individual goals) has a positive impact on group performance. Moreover, we provide empirical evidence for an inverted U-shape association between goal difficulty and group performance. Therefore, our results question the linearity assumptions on the relation between goal difficulty and group performance and open new research directions in group goal-setting.
Contribution to the study of hydroxymethylation reaction of alkali lignin

The hydroxymethylation of alkali lignin with formaldehyde in alkaline solution was studied. The influence of reaction conditions of the hydroxymethylation of alkali lignin was followed by modifying the temperature, time, and the ratios of NaOH to lignin and CH2O to lignin. Three different types of alkali lignin were utilized. The reaction was followed by total consumption of formaldehyde, and the resulting products were characterized through FTIR-spectra, thermogravimetry analysis, ash and moisture contents, as well as by the amounts of OH groups.
Simulation of misfire and strategies for misfire recovery of gasoline HCCI

In HCCI mode with negative valve overlap, the understanding of the engine behavior in case of misfire and delayed combustion is important to provide a complete control strategy. A hybrid continuous zero dimensional model for gasoline HCCI, based on simplified chemical kinetics and a separate airflow model is introduced. CHEMKIN is used to simulate the chemical kinetics, whereas the airflow and the injection is simulated using MatLab. The model is compared to experimental data. The introduced model is used to analyze the effect of misfire and late combustions on the dynamics of the system. A state transition map is proposed to distinguish between misfire with and without recovery. Control strategies to improve the misfire recovery are suggested.
A new mode of communication between man and his surroundings

The feasibility of establishing an alternative mode of communication between man and his surroundings was studied. The form of communication proposed uses only the subject's brain waves, with no overt physical action required. The subject's electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded while various mental tasks designed to elicit hemispheric responses were performed. Features formed from the EEG recording were then used as inputs into a Bayes quadratic classifier to test classification accuracy between the various tasks. The results obtained indicate that it is possible to accurately distinguish between any two of the five tasks investigated. A comparison between three different methods for creating the feature sets is also presented. <<ETX>>
Application of Wide-Band Material Characterization Methods to Printable Electronics

In this paper, characterization methods are presented with results from test structures printed with varying printing parameters and materials. It is shown that different process parameters affect both physical and electrical material properties and hence high-frequency material characterization is a vital part of the process providing important information for design purposes. The conductivities and loss information of nanoparticle inks and properties of dielectric material are achieved in addition to structural properties. In particular, dc measurement results from 1.1e7 S/m to 3.7e7 S/m and high-frequency attenuation values from 0.5 dB/cm to 2.8 dB/cm (at 10 GHz) are achieved for printed conductors.
Theorizing and Conducting Research of Glocal Phenomena

1presents a series of reflections and propositions on the relationships between theory, context and empirical observations. It outlines some of the boundaries of this debate and offers insights, based on local and transnational experiences. We start by reflecting on the appropriateness of general paradigms, using political polarization to illustrate some of the difficulties, then we consider how theories and findings can be integrated, and finally, we reflect on how the consideration of media systems is essential for general theories that can be applied across contexts. However, fully summarizing a lively panel discussion that tackles these relationships is an impossible task. From a philosophical perspective it is impossible, as all our observations and theoretical propositions are already generated in a particular context, yet in validating them “they/we” seek to achieve transcontextuality. From a practical perspective, 1 This article is based on a series of presentations given at the Transnational Connections conference held in Segovia, Spain on March 24–25, 2010. The authors are grateful for the contributions of all conference participants, as well as to Magdalena Wojcieszak and IE University for organizing and hosting the conference.
Nano-mechanical properties of individual mineralized collagen fibrils from bone tissue

Mineralized collagen fibrils (MCFs) are distinct building blocks for bone material and perform an important mechanical function. A novel experimental technique using combined atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy is used to manipulate and measure the mechanical properties of individual MCFs from antler, which is a representative bone tissue. The recorded stress–strain response of individual MCFs under tension shows an initial linear deformation region for all fibrils, followed by inhomogeneous deformation above a critical strain. This inhomogeneous deformation is indicative of fibrils exhibiting either yield or strain hardening and suggests possible mineral compositional changes within each fibril. A phenomenological model is used to describe the fibril nano-mechanical behaviour.
The Gene for a Novel Member of the Whey Acidic Protein Family Encodes Three Four-disulfide Core Domains and Is Asynchronously Expressed during Lactation*

Secretion of whey acidic protein (WAP) in milk throughout lactation has previously been reported for a limited number of species, including the mouse, rat, rabbit, camel, and pig. We report here the isolation of WAP from the milk of a marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). Tammar WAP (tWAP) was isolated by reverse-phase HPLC and migrates in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 29.9 kDa. tWAP is the major whey protein, but in contrast to eutherians, secretion is asynchronous and occurs only from approximately days 130 through 240 of lactation. The full-length cDNA codes for a mature protein of 191 amino acids, which is comprised of three four-disulfide core domains, contrasting with the two four-disulfide core domain arrangement in all other known WAPs. A three-dimensional model for tWAP has been constructed and suggests that the three domains have little interaction and could function independently. Analysis of the amino acid sequence suggests the protein belongs to a family of protease inhibitors; however, the predicted active site of these domains is dissimilar to the confirmed active site for known protease inhibitors. This suggests that any putative protease ligand may be unique to either the mammary gland, milk, or gut of the pouch young. Examination of the endocrine regulation of thetWAP gene showed consistently that the gene is prolactin-responsive but that the endocrine requirements for induction and maintenance of tWAP gene expression are different during lactation.
Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation

The principle of coding in the signal space follows directly from Shannon's analysis of waveform Gaussian channels subject to an input constraint. The early design of communication systems focused separately on modulation, namely signal design and detection, and error correcting codes, which deal with errors introduced at the demodulator of the underlying waveform channel. The correct perspective of signal-space coding, although never out of sight of information theorists, was brought back into the focus of coding theorists and system designers by Imai's and Ungerbock's pioneering works on coded modulation. More recently, powerful families of binary codes with a good tradeoff between performance and decoding complexity have been (re-)discovered. Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) is a pragmatic approach combining the best out of both worlds: it takes advantage of the signal-space coding perspective, whilst allowing for the use of powerful families of binary codes with virtually any modulation format. BICM avoids the need for the complicated and somewhat less flexible design typical of coded modulation. As a matter of fact, most of today's systems that achieve high spectral efficiency such as DSL, Wireless LANs, WiMax and evolutions thereof, as well as systems based on low spectral efficiency orthogonal modulation, feature BICM, making BICM the de-facto general coding technique for waveform channels. The theoretical characterization of BICM is at the basis of efficient coding design techniques and also of improved BICM decoders, e.g., those based on the belief propagation iterative algorithm and approximations thereof. In this text, we review the theoretical foundations of BICM under the unified framework of error exponents for mismatched decoding. This framework allows an accurate analysis without any particular assumptions on the length of the interleaver or independence between the multiple bits in a symbol. We further consider the sensitivity of the BICM capacity with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and obtain a wideband regime (or low-SNR regime) characterization. We review efficient tools for the error probability analysis of BICM that go beyond the standard approach of considering infinite interleaving and take into consideration the dependency of the coded bit observations introduced by the modulation. We also present bounds that improve upon the union bound in the region beyond the cutoff rate, and are essential to characterize the performance of modern randomlike codes used in concatenation with BICM. Finally, we turn our attention to BICM with iterative decoding, we review extrinsic information transfer charts, the area theorem and code design via curve fitting. We conclude with an overview of some applications of BICM beyond the classical coherent Gaussian channel.
Involvement of CETP (Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein) in the Shift of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Among Lipoproteins and in the Modulation of its Functions

Objective— Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a vasoprotective lipid mediator. About two thirds of plasma S1P rides on high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and several pleiotropic properties of HDL have been ascribed to S1P. In human subjects, CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) greatly influences HDL quantities. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the roles of CETP in the metabolism of S1P. Approach and Results— We overexpressed CETP in mice that lacked CETP and found that CETP overexpression decreased the HDL level but failed to modulate the levels of S1P and apolipoprotein M (apoM), a carrier of S1P, in the total plasma. We observed, however, that the distribution of S1P and apoM shifted from HDL to apoB-containing lipoproteins. When we administered C17S1P bound to apoM-containing lipoprotein, C17S1P and apoM were rapidly transferred to apoB-containing lipoproteins in CETP-overexpressing mice. When HDL containing C17S1P was mixed with low-density lipoprotein ex vivo, C17S1P shifted to the low-density lipoprotein fraction independent of the presence of CETP. Concordant with these results, apoM was distributed mainly to the same fraction as apo AI in a CETP-deficient subject, although apoM was also detected in apo AI–poor fractions in a corresponding hypercholesterolemia subject. About the bioactivities of S1P carried on each lipoprotein, S1P riding on apoB-containing lipoproteins induced the phosphorylation of Akt (AKT8 virus oncogene cellular homolog) and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and CETP overexpression increased insulin secretion and sensitivity, which was inhibited by an S1P receptor 1 or 3 antagonist. Conclusions— CETP modulates the distribution of S1P among lipoproteins, which affects the bioactivities of S1P.
Complete Convergence of Message Passing Algorithms for Some Satisfiability Problems

Experimental results show that certain message passing algorithms, namely, survey propagation, are very effective in finding satisfying assignments in random satisfiable 3CNF formulas. In this paper we make a modest step towards providing rigorous analysis that proves the effectiveness of message passing algorithms for random 3SAT. We analyze the performance of Warning Propagation, a popular message passing algorithm that is simpler than survey propagation. We show that for 3CNF formulas generated under the planted assignment distribution, running warning propagation in the standard way works when the clause-to-variable ratio is a sufficiently large constant. We are not aware of previous rigorous analysis of message passing algorithms for satisfiability instances, though such analysis was performed for decoding of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) Codes. We discuss some of the differences between results for the LDPC setting and our results.
Ethical and unethical leadership and followers’ well-being

This study examines the intersection of behavioral ethics in organizational leadership and follower psychological well-being using a sample of 458 full-time employed adults occupying positions across a variety of organizations in a variety of industries. Collecting data in two waves, we investigate the distinctiveness of key leadership constructs that have been put forth in the literature as being associated with behavioral ethics. We also examine whether and how these behaviors are related to both burnout and work engagement using structural equation modeling to specify moderated mediation. Findings suggest that ethical leadership, active and passive aggressive supervision, and unethical leadership are indeed distinct leadership behavior constructs, but that only ethical leadership behavior predicts follower burnout and follower work engagement. In addition, the psychological mechanisms by which ethical leadership has these effects vary depending on the outcome. That is, ethical leadership’s influence on follower work engagement operates via the social exchange mediator of LMX, while its impact on follower burnout is transmitted by both LMX and relational identification with the immediate supervisor. Perceived organizational support and organizational identification also had main effects on both outcomes; however, they did not interact with the mediating mechanisms to impact employee well-being. This suggests that these organizational mechanisms do not serve as substitutes for ethical leadership behavior. Theoretical and practical implications, directions for future research, and study limitations are discussed. INDEX WORDS: Behavioral ethics, Ethical leadership, Unethical leadership, Abusive supervision, Employee well-being, Burnout, Work engagement, Leadermember exchange, Relational identification, Perceived organizational support, Organizational identification, Moderated mediation ETHICAL AND UNETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND FOLLOWERS’ WELL-BEING: EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS