Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospective Control in Catching: The Persistent Angle-of-Approach Effect in Lateral Interception

In lateral interception tasks balls converging onto the same interception location via different trajectories give rise to systematic differences in the kinematics of hand movement. While it is generally accepted that this angle-of-approach effect reflects the prospective (on-line) control of movement, controversy exists with respect to the information used to guide the hand to the future interception location. Based on the pattern of errors observed in a task requiring visual extrapolation of line segments to their intersection with a second line, angle-of-approach effects in lateral interception have been argued to result from perceptual biases in the detection of information about the ball's future passing distance along the axis of hand movement. Here we demonstrate that this account does not hold under experimental scrutiny: The angle-of-approach effect still emerged when participants intercepted balls moving along trajectories characterized by a zero perceptual bias with respect to the ball's future arrival position (Experiment 4). Designing and validating such bias-controlled trajectories were done using the line-intersection extrapolation task (Experiments 2 and 3). The experimental set-up used in the present series of experiments was first validated for the lateral interception and the line-intersection extrapolation tasks: In Experiment 1 we used rectilinear ball trajectories to replicate the angle-of-approach effect in lateral interception of virtual balls. Using line segments extracted from these rectilinear ball trajectories, in Experiment 2 we replicated the reported pattern of errors in the estimated locus of intersection with the axis of hand movement. We used these errors to develop a set of bias-free trajectories. Experiment 3 confirmed that the perceptual biases had been corrected for successfully. We discuss the implications on the information-based regulation of hand movement of our finding that the angle-of-approach effect in lateral interception cannot not explained by perceptual biases in information about the ball's future passing distance.
Ratio of free or complexed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to total PSA: which ratio improves differentiation between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer?

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic utility of a new assay that measures all forms of prostate-specific antigen complexed (cPSA) to serum proteins except alpha(2)-macroglobulin with the assay of free PSA (fPSA) and the corresponding ratios to total PSA (tPSA) to improve the differentiation between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS Serum samples were collected from 91 men without prostate disease and with normal digital rectal examination (controls), 144 untreated patients with PCa, and 89 patients with BPH. tPSA and cPSA were measured using the Bayer Immuno 1 system; fPSA and the additional tPSA were measured with the Roche Elecsys system. RESULTS The median cPSA/tPSA, fPSA/tPSA, and fPSA/cPSA ratios were significantly different between patients with BPH and PCa (78.7% vs 90.7%, 25.5% vs 12.1%, and 36.8% vs 14.3%, respectively; P <0.001). No correlations of cPSA and its ratios to tumor stage and grade were found. ROC analysis showed that cPSA was not different from tPSA (areas under the curve, 0.632 vs 0.568), whereas the cPSA/tPSA ratio was similar to the fPSA/tPSA ratio in increasing discrimination between BPH and PCa patients with tPSA concentrations in the tPSA gray zone between 2 and 10 microg/L (areas under the curve, 0.851 vs 0.838). CONCLUSIONS Compared with tPSA, the fPSA/tPSA and cPSA/tPSA ratios both improve the differentiation between BPH and PCa comparably and are similarly effective in reducing the rate of unnecessary biopsies, whereas cPSA alone does not have any effect.
DNA damage responses by human ELG1 in S phase are important to maintain genomic integrity

Genomic integrity depends on DNA replication, recombination, and repair, particularly in S phase. We demonstrate that a human homologue of yeast Elg1 plays an important role in S phase to preserve genomic stability. The level of ELG1 is induced during recovery from a variety of DNA damage. In response to DNA damage, ELG1 forms distinct foci at stalled DNA replication forks that are different from DNA double strand break foci. Targeted gene knockdown of ELG1 resulted in spontaneous foci formation of γ-H2AX, 53BP1, and phosphorylated-ATM that mark chromosomal breaks. Abnormal chromosomes including fusions, inversions and hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents were also observed in cells expressing low level of ELG1 by targeted gene knockdown. Knockdown of ELG1 by siRNA reduced homologous recombination frequency in the I-SceI induced double strand break-dependent assay. In contrast, spontaneous homologous recombination frequency and sister chromatin exchange rate were up-regulated when ELG1 was silenced by shRNA. Taken together, we propose that ELG1 would be a new member of proteins involved in maintenance of genomic integrity.
The effect of the three level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter on the core loss of a synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM)

The effects of the three level inverter on the core losses of a SynRM are investigated particularly at the stator yoke and tooth. A comparative study on the effects of space vector pulse width modulated (SV-PWM) two and three level inverter on the iron/core loss are analyzed. A SynRM stator made of silicon steel, M36, 0.35 mm thickness is used. The machine was driven from a two and three level inverters and the current waveforms where used in the finite element model so as to capture the flux densities. The SynRM stator was then excited by these flux density waveforms obtained from the FE model. Tests were conducted at 30 Hz, 60 Hz and 180 Hz and there was an approximate 6 % reduction in core losses at 180 Hz under a three level inverter drive. The reduction in core losses were significant on the stator tooth than on the stator yoke. The use of a three level inverter will reduce the burden of the cooling system on the machine.
The Pancreatic Duct Ligated (Mini)pig as a Model for Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency in Man

Abstract Modern therapy of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) using pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) has largely been very effective and has greatly helped in improving the nutritional status of patients with PEI and in increasing the life expectancy in cystic fibrosis. It is believed that the use of predictable large animal models could play an important role in assessing and developing new therapies. This article reviews the pancreatic duct ligated (adult) minipig as a chronic model of total PEI, with a detailed look at the influence of PEI and response to PERT on prececal compared to fecal digestibility, to directly investigate effects on protein and starch digestion and absorption. In addition, the piglet with PEI is reviewed as a model for PEI in young patients with the aim of further improving the therapy and nutritional status of young patients with cystic fibrosis.
Recurrence of sinonasal inverted papilloma following surgical approach: A meta‐analysis

Inverted papilloma (IP) is a rare benign tumor, which is found in the sinonasal area. It is characterized by recurrence, local destruction, and malignant change. Of these, recurrence is a challenging problem to many otolaryngologists. In this study, we evaluated recurrence based on the type of surgical approach using a meta‐analysis.
Can patterns of chromosome inversions in Drosophila pseudoobscura predict polyandry across a geographical cline?

Female multiple mating, known as polyandry, is ubiquitous and occurs in a wide variety of taxa. Polyandry varies greatly from species in which females mate with one or two males in their lifetime to species in which females may mate with several different males on the same day. As multiple mating by females is associated with costs, numerous hypotheses attempt to explain this phenomenon. One hypothesis not extensively explored is the possibility that polyandrous behavior is captured and “fixed” in populations via genetic processes that preserve the behavior independently of any adaptive benefit of polyandry. Here, we use female isolines derived from populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura from three locations in North America to examine whether different female remating levels are associated with patterns of chromosome inversions, which may explain patterns of polyandry across the geographic range. Populations differed with respect to the frequency of polyandry and the presence of inversion polymorphisms on the third chromosome. The population with the lowest level of female remating was the only one that was entirely comprised of homokaryotypic lines, but the small number of populations prevented us investigating this relationship further at a population level. However, we found no strong relationship between female remating levels and specific karyotypes of the various isolines.
Prognostic Value of New‐Generation Troponins in ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the Modern Era: The RUTI‐STEMI Study

Background In ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), troponins are not needed for diagnosis: symptoms and ECG data are sufficient to activate percutaneous coronary intervention. This study explored the prognostic value of new‐generation troponins in a real‐life cohort contemporarily treated for STEMI. Methods and Results We studied 1260 consecutive patients with primary STEMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention between February 22, 2011, and August 31, 2015. We collected data on clinical characteristics and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) at 30 days and 1 year. Peak high‐sensitivity troponin T and sensitive‐contemporary troponin I levels were recorded. MACCEs occurred in 75 patients (6.1%) by day 30 and in 124 patients (10.8%) between day 31 and 1 year. A short‐term (0–30 days) multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that age, Killip‐Kimball class, and left ventricular ejection fraction were independent predictors of MACCEs. In adjusted analysis, peak high‐sensitivity troponin T and sensitive‐contemporary troponin I were not significant (hazard ratio, 1.23 [95% confidence interval, 0.98–1.54] [P=0.071]; and hazard ratio, 1.15 [95% confidence interval, 0.93–1.43] [P=0.200], respectively). A long‐term (31 days–1 year) multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that age, female sex, diabetes mellitus, prior coronary artery disease, Killip‐Kimball class, and left ventricular ejection fraction were statistically significantly associated with MACCEs. However, peak high‐sensitivity troponin T and peak sensitive‐contemporary troponin I were not significantly associated with MACCEs (hazard ratio, 1.03 [95% confidence interval, 0.88–1.20] [P=0.715]; and hazard ratio, 0.99 [95% confidence interval, 0.85–1.15] [P=0.856], respectively). Conclusions In the modern era, new‐generation troponins do not provide significant prognostic information for predicting clinical events in STEMI. We should reconsider the value of serial troponin measurements for risk stratification in STEMI.
Isotropically random orthogonal matrices: Performance of LASSO and minimum conic singular values

Recently, the precise performance of the Generalized LASSO algorithm for recovering structured signals from compressed noisy measurements, obtained via i.i. d. Gaussian matrices, has been characterized. The analysis is based on a framework introduced by Stojnic and heavily relies on the use of Gordon's Gaussian min-max theorem (GMT), a comparison principle on Gaussian processes. As a result, corresponding characterizations for other ensembles of measurement matrices have not been developed. In this work, we analyze the corresponding performance of the ensemble of isotropically random orthogonal (i.r.o.) measurements. We consider the constrained version of the Generalized LASSO and derive a sharp characterization of its normalized squared error in the large-system limit. When compared to its Gaussian counterpart, our result analytically confirms the superiority in performance of the i.r. o. ensemble. Our second result, derives an asymptotic lower bound on the minimum conic singular values of i.r. o. matrices. This bound is larger than the corresponding bound on Gaussian matrices. To prove our results we express i.r. o. matrices in terms of Gaussians and show that, with some modifications, the GMT framework is still applicable.
Protein A reactivity with mouse immunoglobulins. Structural relationship between some mouse and human immunoglobulins.

Reactivity with staphyloccal protein A in normal mouse serum was localized to the electrophoretic γ region. After absorption of normal mouse serum with a protein A-containing Staphylococcus aureus strain, Cowan I, the γ globulin line could not be detected by immunoelectrophoresis. Similar absorption of a mixture of Fab and Fc fragments from mouse γG localized the activity in the Fc piece. To define this protein A reactivity further, M-components isolated from various mouse plasma cell tumor lines were studied. All six γ2a, γ2b and γ3 mouse myeloma globulins tested reacted with protein A, whereas four M-components of the γ1, γA and γM mouse immunoglobulin classes did not react. One human IgD and one IgE myeloma globulin were also tested. Neither reacted with protein A. Protein A reactivity thus seems to be a characteristic of mouse γ2a, γ2b, γ3 globulins as well as human IgG-1, -2 and -4 globulins.
An assessment of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy following alcohol ablation of the interventricular septum in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

BACKGROUND Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is characterised by asymmetric myocardial hypertrophy, which is most pronounced in the interventricular septum (IVS) and is responsible for the dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). Successful alcohol septal ablation (ASA) of the IVS allows to reduce the thickness of the parabasal part of the IVS myocardium and, in most cases, to permanently reduce the gradient in the LVOT. AIM To assess, using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), the impact of gradient reduction in the LVOT on the type and severity of left ventricular (LV) remodelling. METHODS The study included 30 patients (aged 56.9 ± 11.9 years) with HOCM and the mean peak gradient (PG) in the LVOT of 123 ± 33 mm Hg who underwent ASA. MRI measurements were performed before and at 6 months after ASA and TTE measurements were performed before, at 3 months and at 6 months after ASA. RESULTS PG in the LVOT decreased to an average of 52 ± 37 mm Hg (p 〈 0.0001) at 3 months after ASA and to 37 ± 28 mm Hg (p 〈 0.0001) at 6 months after ASA. TTE revealed a decrease in IVS thickness outside the scar following ASA from 23.6 ± 3.5 mm to 19.3 ± 4.0 mm (p 〈 0.0001) and 19.4 ± 0.4 mm (p 〈 0.0001) at 3 and 6 months, respectively. There was also a decrease in lateral wall (PW) thickness from 15.9 ± 3.2 mm to 14.9 ± 2.9 mm (p = 0.046) and 14.16 ± 2.00 (p = 0.0065) at 3 and 6 months, respectively. MRI revealed a decrease in IVS thickness from 23.7 ± 2.8 mm to 18.04 ± 4.00 mm (p = 0.0001) at 6 months following ASA. We observed a regression of the PW hypertrophy from 13.2 ± 3.35 mm to 12.18 ± 2.4 mm (p = 0.0225). There was a decrease in IVS mass from 108.9 ± 20 g to 91.5 ± 29 g (p = 0.0006). There was a trend towards a decreased LV mass and LV mass excluding IVS mass at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS A significant decrease in PG in the LVOT is associated with a decrease in LV mass and with regression of LV hypertrophy outside the scar after ASA.
Contributing Factors of Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Related Phlebitis among Patients at a Teaching Hospital , Chitwan

Peripheral intravenous catheter-related phlebitis (PIVC) is a common procedure and significant problem in day to day clinical practice. The study aimed at finding out the incidence and contributing factors of PIVC related phlebitis among admitted patients. Prospective observational study design was used among 586 PIVC sites of 465 patients having at least one PIVC sites of general wards of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital by using semi-structured interview schedule and a specific form was prepared and used to observe signs and symptoms of phlebitis. Data were statistically analyzed by using descriptive statistics and chisquare test. The study findings revealed that the overall incidence of phlebitis was at 33.44% and early stage phlebitis was 88.26%. The incidence of phlebitis was at its highest with in the first 49-72 hours. It is associated with hypertension, patient being admitted to a nephrology ward, patient received isotonic fluid and potassium chloride. Therefore, the staffs should consider these areas and the insertion site should be observed at each shift change by the care provider to prevent phlebitis as well as it is recommended to explore other factors especially infection prevention measures.
Local software development in industry globalization

This paper presents the results of a research project, in which the situation of local software organizations operating with global industrial customers were examined. The prospects of locally operating software organizations have been lately dimmed by the processes of globalization, IT outsourcing, and offshore software development. The current situation of local software organizations is analyzed, and also trends and challenges that they face in the future are described. In the study, qualitative analysis with grounded theory was used as the research method. The analysis identified three types of local software organizations.Using business processes, technologies, and types of customer relationships and cooperation as the basis, these types can be labelled as Anticipator, Specializer and Collector. Local software organizations had recognized their inability to compete with globally operating software enterprises and they had difficulties in coping with changes in competition caused by outsourcing, mergers, and offshore development. The analysis of future trends produced three possible models of cooperation between asymmetrical partners, tailored solutions provider, software producer, and capacity provider.
Altered hippocampal arteriole structure and function in a rat model of preeclampsia: Potential role in impaired seizure-induced hyperemia

We investigated the effect of experimental preeclampsia on hyperemia during seizure in the hippocampus and vascular function and structure of hippocampal arterioles using Sprague Dawley rats (n = 14/group) that were nonpregnant, pregnant (d20), or had experimental preeclampsia (induced by a high cholesterol diet d7–20). Hyperemia was measured via hydrogen clearance basally and during pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure (40–130 mg/kg i.v.). Reactivity of isolated and pressurized hippocampal arterioles to KCl, nitric oxide synthase inhibition with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside were investigated. Capillary density was quantified via immunohistochemistry. Cerebral blood flow increased during seizure vs. baseline in pregnant (118 ± 14 vs. 87 ± 9 mL/100 g/min; p < 0.05) and nonpregnant rats (106 ± 9 vs. 82 ± 9 mL/100 g/min; p < 0.05) but was unchanged in preeclamptic rats (79 ± 16 vs. 91 ± 4 mL/100 g/min; p > 0.05), suggesting impaired seizure-induced hyperemia in preeclampsia. Hippocampal arterioles from preeclamptic rats had less basal tone, and dilated less to 15 mM KCl (9 ± 8%) vs. pregnant (61 ± 27%) and nonpregnant rats (20 ± 11%). L-NAME had no effect on hippocampal arterioles in any group, but dilation to sodium nitroprusside was similar. Structurally, hippocampal arterioles from preeclamptic rats underwent inward hypotrophic remodeling and capillary rarefaction. Impaired seizure-induced hyperemia, vascular dysfunction, and limited vasodilatory reserve of hippocampal arterioles could potentiate hippocampal injury in preeclampsia especially during eclampsia.
Rhodobacter capsulatus Catalyzes Light-Dependent Fe(II) Oxidation under Anaerobic Conditions as a Potential Detoxification Mechanism

ABSTRACT Diverse bacteria are known to oxidize millimolar concentrations of ferrous iron [Fe(II)] under anaerobic conditions, both phototrophically and chemotrophically. Yet whether they can do this under conditions that are relevant to natural systems is understood less well. In this study, we tested how light, Fe(II) speciation, pH, and salinity affected the rate of Fe(II) oxidation by Rhodobacter capsulatus SB1003. Although R. capsulatus cannot grow photoautotrophically on Fe(II), it oxidizes Fe(II) at rates comparable to those of bacteria that do grow photoautotrophically on Fe(II) as soon as it is exposed to light, provided it has a functional photosystem. Chelation of Fe(II) by diverse organic ligands promotes Fe(II) oxidation, and as the pH increases, so does the oxidation rate, except in the presence of nitrilotriacetate; nonchelated forms of Fe(II) are also more rapidly oxidized at higher pH. Salt concentrations typical of marine environments inhibit Fe(II) oxidation. When growing photoheterotrophically on humic substances, R. capsulatus is highly sensitive to low concentrations of Fe(II); it is inhibited in the presence of concentrations as low as 5 μM. The product of Fe(II) oxidation, ferric iron, does not hamper growth under these conditions. When other parameters, such as pH or the presence of chelators, are adjusted to promote Fe(II) oxidation, the growth inhibition effect of Fe(II) is alleviated. Together, these results suggest that Fe(II) is toxic to R. capsulatus growing under strictly anaerobic conditions and that Fe(II) oxidation alleviates this toxicity.
Role of Bone Marrow–Derived Cells in the Genetic Control of Restenosis

Objective—Angiographic indexes of restenosis after coronary stent placement in patients show a bimodal pattern suggesting the existence of two populations with different risk of restenosis. This is reflected in the arterial remodeling response of inbred mouse strains arguing for a genetic control of the mechanisms leading to lumen narrowing. As bone marrow–derived cells (BMCs) contribute to vascular healing after arterial injury, we investigated the role of BMCs in the genetic control of restenosis. Methods and Results—129X1/SvJ mice developed significantly more neointima and late lumen loss compared to C57BL/6 mice. Gene expression analysis of intimal tissue revealed major differences in the expression of inflammatory and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell–associated genes in response to arterial injury. In 129X1/SvJ mice stronger mobilization of lin−sca-1+CXCR4+ cells was observed after vascular injury. Bone marrow transplantation identified the extent of neointima formation as clearly dependent on the genetic background of BMCs (ie, mice with 129X1/SvJ BMCs developed more intimal hyperplasia). The inflammatory response and the recruitment of BMCs to the site of arterial injury were significantly increased in mice with 129X1/SvJ BMCs. Conclusions—The genetically controlled mechanisms leading to lumen narrowing in vascular remodeling are dependent on mobilization and recruitment capacities of particular BMCs.