Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extended Report

Background Evidence is beginning to emerge that there may be susceptibility loci for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that are common to both diseases. Objective To investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms that have been reported to be associated with SLE in a UK cohort of patients with RA and controls. Methods 3962 patients with RA and 9275 controls were included in the study. Eleven SNPs mapping to confi rmed SLE loci were investigated. These mapped Genotype frequencies were compared between patients with RA and controls using the trend test. Results The SNPs mapping to the BLK and UBE2L3 loci showed signifi cant evidence for association with RA. Two other SNPs, mapping to ATG5 and KIAA1542 , showed nominal evidence for association with RA (p=0.02 and p=0.02, respectively) but these were not signifi cant after applying a Bonferroni correction. Additionally, a signifi cant global enrichment in carriage of SLE alleles in patients with RA compared with controls (p=9.1×10 −7) was found. Meta-analysis of this and previous studies confi rmed the association of the BLK and UBE2L3 gene with RA at genome-wide signifi cance levels (p<5×10 −8). Together, the authors estimate that the SLE and RA overlapping loci, excluding HLA-DRB1 alleles, identifi ed so far explain ~5.8% of the genetic susceptibility to RA as a whole. Conclusion The fi ndings confi rm the association of the BLK and UBE2L3 loci with RA, thus adding to the list of loci showing overlap between RA and SLE.
Action Observation Therapy in the Subacute Phase Promotes Dexterity Recovery in Right-Hemisphere Stroke Patients

The clinical impact of action observation (AO) on upper limb functional recovery in subacute stroke patients is recent evidence. We sought to test the hypothesis that training everyday life activities through AO coupled with task execution might activate the left hemisphere different from the right one. Sixty-seven first-ever ischemic stroke subjects were randomly assigned to receive upper limb training coupled with AO tasks or standard rehabilitation. The groups were matched by age and gender, Bamford category, and interval from stroke and lesion side. Fugl-Meyer (FM) and Box and Block Test (BBT) were used to measure hand function recovery at the end (T1) and 4-5 months after the treatment (T2). At T1, FM was increased by 31% (±26%), of maximum achievable recovery, whereas BBT was increased by 17% (±18%); at T2, FM had reached 43% (±45%) of maximum recovery, while BBT had reached 25% (±22%). Combining the effects of treatment to those of lesion side revealed significantly higher gains, in both FM and BBT scores, in left hemiparetic subjects when exposed to AO as compared to standard rehabilitation alone (P < .01). The findings lead to recommend the use of AO in addition to motor training in left hemiparetic patients.
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MELIA AZEDARACH LINN LEAVES BY DPPH SCAVENGING ASSAY

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and phytochemical analysis of the leaves extracts of Melia azedarach L. The phytochemical screening was carried on the leaves extracts of Melia azedarach, revealed the presence of some active ingredients such as Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, Phenols, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids. The ethanolic leaves extract were also evaluated for their total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging assay. The result of the present study showed that the ethanolic leaves extract of Melia azedarach. which contains highest amount of phenolic compounds exhibited the greatest anti-oxidant activity than petroleum ether and aqueous extracts. The high scavenging property of may be due to hydroxyl groups existing in the phenolic compounds.
Correlation of Low Back Pain With Functional Status, General Health Perception, Social Participation, Subjective Happiness, and Patient Satisfaction

Study Design. A cross-sectional and epidemiologic study investigated low back pain. Objective. To assess the correlation among outcome measures for low back pain, including sciatica, according to a proposed low back pain–related model. Summary of Background Data. Various outcome measures are used in low back pain research: pain, functional status, generic health status, and patient satisfaction. Correlation among these measures has been unclear. Methods. For this study, 816 subjects (369 men and 447 women; average age, 62 years) who underwent an adult medical examination. The patients were interviewed concerning their personal background, severity of low back pain and sciatica, functional status, general health perception, social participation, subjective happiness, and patient satisfaction. The correlation among these measures was analyzed systematically using path analysis based on a low back pain–related model hypothesizing that low back pain and sciatica worsen functional status and general health perception and then affect social participation, subjective happiness, and patient satisfaction. Results. Restriction of functional status was found to be the most closely correlated with severity of low back pain. A decrease in physical health was most closely correlated with restriction of function. Social participation, subjective happiness, and patient satisfaction were closely correlated with physical health status. There was a significant correlation among outcome measures concerning physical health, which was consistent with a low back pain–related model. Conclusions. The outcome measures concerning physical health in this study were found to be correlated significantly, consistent with the proposed low back pain–related model.
Perceptions and Practices of Infant Feeding among African American Women

ABSTRACT A large urban hospital in Florida implemented changes to achieve the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) designation in 2015 resulting in an increase of exclusive breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge; however, African American women continue to have the lowest rates overall. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 African American women who received prenatal care at a low-income women’s clinic and gave birth at an affiliated BFHI hospital. Using a medical anthropology analytical framework to examine predisposing, enabling, and service-related factors that affect breastfeeding, this study investigated interpersonal, sociocultural, and institutional barriers to breastfeeding. Common challenges experienced by participants included lack of maternity leave from work, lack of access to electric pumps, social pressures to initiate formula supplementation, fears that breastfeeding renders infants overly dependent on their mother’s care, and a lack of breastfeeding role models and/or support networks to normalize longer-term breastfeeding. We conclude that efforts to increase breastfeeding rates for African American women and promote culturally sensitive interventions must address underlying socioeconomic and structural barriers, women’s perceptions of breastfeeding benefits and difficulties, and the need for improvements in postnatal lactation and doula support to foster a more inclusive culture of breastfeeding.
The African ape-like foot of Ardipithecus ramidus and its implications for the origin of bipedalism

The ancestral condition from which humans evolved is critical for understanding the adaptive origin of bipedal locomotion. The 4.4 million-year-old hominin partial skeleton attributed to Ardipithecus ramidus preserves a foot that purportedly shares morphometric affinities with monkeys, but this interpretation remains controversial. Here I show that the foot of Ar. ramidus is most similar to living chimpanzee and gorilla species among a large sample of anthropoid primates. The foot morphology of Ar. ramidus suggests that the evolutionary precursor of hominin bipedalism was African ape-like terrestrial quadrupedalism and climbing. The elongation of the midfoot and phalangeal reduction in Ar. ramidus relative to the African apes is consistent with hypotheses of increased propulsive capabilities associated with an early form of bipedalism. This study provides evidence that the modern human foot was derived from an ancestral form adapted to terrestrial plantigrade quadrupedalism.
D14 repeat polymorphism of the asporin gene is associated with primary osteoarthritis of the knee in a Mexican Mestizo population

Asporin is a novel extracellular matrix protein (ECM) with an important role in the development of osteoarthritis (OA), because it has been reported that functional polymorphisms in the aspartic acid repeat (D) of the asporin gene (ASPN) are associated with susceptibility to OA.
Support Vector Machines-Based Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship for the Prediction of Heat Capacity

The support vector machine (SVM), as a novel type of learning machine, for the first time, was used to develop a Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) model of the heat capacity of a diverse set of 182 compounds based on the molecular descriptors calculated from the structure alone. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and radial basis function networks (RBFNNs) were also utilized to construct quantitative linear and nonlinear models to compare with the results obtained by SVM. The root-mean-square (rms) errors in heat capacity predictions for the whole data set given by MLR, RBFNNs, and SVM were 4.648, 4.337, and 2.931 heat capacity units, respectively. The prediction results are in good agreement with the experimental value of heat capacity; also, the results reveal the superiority of the SVM over MLR and RBFNNs models.
Battlefield Orthopaedic Injuries Cause the Majority of Long‐term Disabilities

&NA; Extremity injuries make up 54% of combat wounds sustained in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. In a cohort of war‐wounded service members, we identified the conditions secondary to battle injury that result in disqualification from continued service. The Army Physical Evaluation Board records of 464 wounded service members who were injured between October 2001 and January 2005 were reviewed to determine the codes indicating unfitting conditions. Sixty‐nine percent of these conditions were orthopaedic. Fifty‐seven percent of the injured had unfitting conditions that were orthopaedic only. Of those evacuated from theater with a primary diagnosis of injury to the head, thorax, or abdomen and who suffered an orthopaedic injury as well, 76% had an orthopaedic diagnosis as the primary unfitting condition. Orthopaedic‐related disability has a significant impact on the affected patient, the health care system, and, in the case of wounded service members, on military strength and readiness.
Association of coffee and caffeine intake with the risk of Parkinson disease.

CONTEXT The projected expansion in the next several decades of the elderly population at highest risk for Parkinson disease (PD) makes identification of factors that promote or prevent the disease an important goal. OBJECTIVE To explore the association of coffee and dietary caffeine intake with risk of PD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data were analyzed from 30 years of follow-up of 8004 Japanese-American men (aged 45-68 years) enrolled in the prospective longitudinal Honolulu Heart Program between 1965 and 1968. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Incident PD, by amount of coffee intake (measured at study enrollment and 6-year follow-up) and by total dietary caffeine intake (measured at enrollment). RESULTS During follow-up, 102 men were identified as having PD. Age-adjusted incidence of PD declined consistently with increased amounts of coffee intake, from 10.4 per 10,000 person-years in men who drank no coffee to 1.9 per 10,000 person-years in men who drank at least 28 oz/d (P<.001 for trend). Similar relationships were observed with total caffeine intake (P<.001 for trend) and caffeine from non-coffee sources (P=.03 for trend). Consumption of increasing amounts of coffee was also associated with lower risk of PD in men who were never, past, and current smokers at baseline (P=.049, P=.22, and P=.02, respectively, for trend). Other nutrients in coffee, including niacin, were unrelated to PD incidence. The relationship between caffeine and PD was unaltered by intake of milk and sugar. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that higher coffee and caffeine intake is associated with a significantly lower incidence of PD. This effect appears to be independent of smoking. The data suggest that the mechanism is related to caffeine intake and not to other nutrients contained in coffee. JAMA. 2000;283:2674-2679.
Shelf-life Determination of Saffron Stigma: Water Activity and Temperature Studies

The quality of dried saffron stigma is highly dependent on the processing and storage conditions. In this study, the effect of different storage conditions (different temperatures, 20, 30 and 40°C along with different water activity, 0.32±0.01, 052±0.01 and 0.75±0.01) of saffron stigma during storage time (12 weeks with two-week time intervals), in both light and dark, on coloring strength, aroma and bitterness has been investigated. The results showed that the coloring strength of stigma, decreased considerably as the temperature and water activity increased. Furthermore, after 12 weeks of storage, the color strength had a noticeable decrease and the bitterness also decreased whereas the aroma increased. The results also showed that storage conditions (temperature, water activity and storage time) had a significant effect on the above mentioned parameters (p<5%).
Mycosis fungoides palmaris et plantaris: successful treatment with the carbon dioxide laser

Mycosis fungoides palmaris et plantaris (MFPP) is an uncommon form of mycosis fungoides with main involvement on palms and soles. The lesions may be quite hyperkeratotic. A 56‐year‐old patient with MFPP was successfully treated with the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. There was no recurrence of disease at treated sites and excellent cosmetic results were obtained. Treatment with the CO2 laser may be considered a therapeutic option.
23 Ways to Nudge: A Review of Technology-Mediated Nudging in Human-Computer Interaction

Ten years ago, Thaler and Sunstein introduced the notion of nudging to talk about how subtle changes in the 'choice architecture' can alter people's behaviors in predictable ways. This idea was eagerly adopted in HCI and applied in multiple contexts, including health, sustainability and privacy. Despite this, we still lack an understanding of how to design effective technology-mediated nudges. In this paper we present a systematic review of the use of nudging in HCI research with the goal of laying out the design space of technology-mediated nudging - the why (i.e., which cognitive biases do nudges combat) and the how (i.e., what exact mechanisms do nudges employ to incur behavior change). All in all, we found 23 distinct mechanisms of nudging, grouped in 6 categories, and leveraging 15 different cognitive biases. We present these as a framework for technology-mediated nudging, and discuss the factors shaping nudges' effectiveness and their ethical implications.
Scale dependence of subgrid-scale model coefficients: An a priori study

Dynamic subgrid-scale models require an a priori assumption about the variation in the model coefficients with filter scale. The standard dynamic model assumes independence of scale while the scale dependent model assumes power-law dependence. In this paper, we use field experimental data to investigate the dependence of model coefficients on filter scale for the Smagorinsky and the nonlinear models. The results indicate that the assumption of a power-law dependence, which is often used in scale dependent dynamic models, holds very well for the Smagorinsky model. For the nonlinear model, the power-law assumption seems less robust but still adequate.
On the weakness of disc models in bright ULXs

It is sometimes suggested that phenomenological power law plus cool disc-blackbody models represent the simplest, most robust interpretation of the X-ray spectra of bright ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs); this has been taken as evidence for the presence of intermediate-mass black holes (BHs) (M similar to 10(3) M-circle dot) in those sources. Here, we assess this claim by comparing the cool disc-blackbody model with a range of other models. For example, we show that the same ULX spectra can be fitted equally well by subtracting a disc-blackbody component from a dominant power-law component, thus turning a soft excess into a soft deficit. Then, we propose a more complex physical model, based on a power-law component slightly modified at various energies by smeared emission and absorption lines from highly ionized, fast-moving gas. We use the XMM-Newton/EPIC (European Photon Imaging Camera) spectra of two ULXs in Holmberg II and NGC 4559 as examples. Our main conclusion is that the presence of a soft excess or a soft deficit depends on the energy range over which we choose to fit the 'true' power-law continuum; those small deviations from the power-law spectrum are well modelled by disc-blackbody components (either in emission or absorption) simply because they are a versatile fitting tool for most kinds of smooth, broad bumps. Hence, we argue that those components should not be taken as evidence for accretion disc emission, nor used to infer BH masses. Finally, we speculate that bright ULXs could be in a spectral state similar to (or an extension of) the steep power-law state of Galactic BH candidates, in which the disc is now completely comptonized and not directly detectable, and the power-law emission may be modified by the surrounding, fast-moving, ionized gas.
Exercise for the Dialyzed: Aerobic and Strength Training During Hemodialysis

Oh-Park M, Fast A, Gopal S, Lynn R, Frei G, Drenth R, Zohman L: Exercise for the dialyzed: Aerobic and strength training during hemodialysis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002;81:814–821. Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of aerobic and strength training during hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease patients and to evaluate its impact on their cardiac fitness, muscle strength, and functional status. Design A total of 22 patients undergoing hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease had assessment of their cardiac fitness with stress tests and walk tests, assessment of their muscle strength by one repetition maximum of knee extension, and assessment of their functional status by Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 before and after exercise training. Training, consisting of cycle ergometer exercise and strengthening of the knee extensors two to three times a week for 3 mo, was done during dialysis. Results Eighteen of 22 patients completed 3 mo of training and four dropped out due to knee pain or medical complications unrelated to exercise. No patient developed major complications from the program. After training, there was a significant improvement in the mental and physical components of the Short Form-36 and one repetition maximum of knee extension. Among 14 of 18 patients who agreed and completed a follow-up fitness testing, five showed improvement on the stress tests and eight on the walk tests. Conclusions A well designed exercise program during hemodialysis can be performed safely with proper supervision and patient education, improving muscle strength, mental and physical function, and possibly cardiac fitness.
Presence of Serum or Serum Amyloid P Potentiates Fibrocyte Differentiation in the A Brief Exposure to Tryptase or Thrombin

A key question in both wound healing and ﬁbrosis is the trigger for the initial formation of scar tissue. To help form scar tissue, circulating monocytes enter the tissue and differentiate into ﬁbroblast-like cells called ﬁbrocytes, but ﬁbrocyte differentiation is strongly inhibited by the plasma protein serum amyloid P (SAP), and healthy tissues contain very few ﬁbrocytes. In wounds and ﬁbrotic lesions, mast cells degranulate to release tryptase, and thrombin mediates blood clotting in early wounds. Tryptase and thrombin are upregulated in wound healing and ﬁbrotic lesions, and inhibition of these proteases attenuates ﬁbrosis. We report that tryptase and thrombin potentiate human ﬁbrocyte differentiation at biologically relevant concentrations and exposure times, even in the presence of concentrations of serum and SAP that normally completely inhibit ﬁbrocyte differentiation. Fibrocyte potentiation by thrombin and tryptase is mediated by protease-activated receptors 1 and 2, respectively. Together, these results suggest that tryptase and thrombin may be an initial trigger to override SAP inhibition of ﬁbrocyte differentiation to initiate scar tissue formation. The Journal of Immunology , 2015, 194: 000–000.
C Termini of Proteasomal ATPases Play Nonequivalent Roles in Cellular Assembly of Mammalian 26 S Proteasome*

The 26 S proteasome comprises two multisubunit subcomplexes as follows: 20 S proteasome and PA700/19 S regulatory particle. The cellular mechanisms by which these subcomplexes assemble into 26 S proteasome and the molecular determinants that govern the assembly process are poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate the nonequivalent roles of the C termini of six AAA subunits (Rpt1–Rpt6) of PA700 in 26 S proteasome assembly in mammalian cells. The C-terminal HbYX motif (where Hb is a hydrophobic residue, Y is tyrosine, and X is any amino acid) of each of two subunits, Rpt3 and Rpt5, but not that of a third subunit Rpt2, was essential for assembly of 26 S proteasome. The C termini of none of the three non-HbYX motif Rpt subunits were essential for cellular 26 S proteasome assembly, although deletion of the last three residues of Rpt6 destabilized the 20 S-PA700 interaction. Rpt subunits defective for assembly into 26 S proteasome due to C-terminal truncations were incorporated into intact PA700. Moreover, intact PA700 accumulated as an isolated subcomplex when cellular 20 S proteasome content was reduced by RNAi. These results indicate that 20 S proteasome is not an obligatory template for assembly of PA700. Collectively, these results identify specific structural elements of two Rpt subunits required for 26 S proteasome assembly, demonstrate that PA700 can be assembled independently of the 20 S proteasome, and suggest that intact PA700 is a direct intermediate in the cellular pathway of 26 S proteasome assembly.
The relationship between the Functional Movement Screen and Star Excursion Balance Test

Title: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREEN AND STAR EXCURSION BALANCE TEST Researcher: Sarah Beaulieu Advisor: Dr. Rebecca Hess Date: May 2012 Research Type: Master’s Thesis Context: There were no research studies found which compared functional movement as measured by the FMS to balance as measured by the SEBT at the time of research. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the Functional Movement Screening and the Star Excursion Balance Test. Design: This descriptive correlational study examined the relationship between functional movement as tested by the FMS and functional balance as tested by the SEBT. Setting: The testing was performed in a controlled laboratory setting by the researcher. Participants: Sixteen male Division II collegiate athletes volunteered for this study. Interventions: Each subject was tested on two days. All subjects were tested by using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). The FMS was used to measure functional movement and the SEBT was used to measure functional balance.