Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continuum contact models for coupled adhesion and friction

ABSTRACT We develop two new continuum contact models for coupled adhesion and friction, and discuss them in the context of existing models proposed in the literature. Our new models are able to describe sliding friction even under tensile normal forces, which seems reasonable for certain adhesion mechanisms. In contrast, existing continuum models for combined adhesion and friction typically include sliding friction only if local contact stresses are compressive. Although such models work well for structures with sufficiently strong local compression, they fail to capture sliding friction for soft and compliant systems (like adhesive pads), for which the resistance to bending is low. This can be overcome with our new models. For further motivation, we additionally present experimental results for the onset of sliding of a smooth glass plate on a smooth elastomer cap under low normal loads. As shown, the findings from these experiments agree well with the results from our models. In this paper we focus on the motivation and derivation of our continuum contact models, and provide a corresponding literature survey. Their implementation in a nonlinear finite element framework as well as the algorithmic treatment of adhesion and friction will be discussed in future work.
Effect of hypoglycemic agents on survival outcomes of lung cancer patients with diabetes mellitus

Background: To assess the association between hypoglycemic agents and prognosis of lung cancer patients with diabetes. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library until May 2017. The search yielded 2593 unique citations, of which 18 articles met inclusion criteria. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by a fixed-effects or random-effects model. Results: The pooled HRs favoring metformin users were 0.77 for overall survival (OS) (n = 15, 95% CI: 0.68–0.86) and 0.50 for disease-free survival (n = 5, 95% CI: 0.39–0.64). One study assessed the relationship between metformin and cancer-specific survival (CSS), reporting no significant results. No significant association between insulin and OS (n = 2, HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.79–1.13) or CSS (n = 2, HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.76–1.41) was noted. One study evaluated association of sulfonylureas with lung cancer survival and reported no clinical benefit (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.87–1.40). One study reported no association of thiazolidinediones with lung cancer survival (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.65–1.66). Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that metformin exposure might improve survival outcomes in lung cancer patients with diabetes.
Outcomes of low‐weight patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and anorexia nervosa at long‐term follow‐up after treatment in a partial hospitalization program for eating disorders

OBJECTIVE To assess long-term outcomes of patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) treated in a partial hospitalization program (PHP) for eating disorders (ED). METHOD A cross-sectional study comparing patients with ARFID to those with anorexia nervosa (AN) who had been discharged from a PHP for at least 12 months was performed. Percent median body mass index (%MBMI), scores on the Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT), and treatment utilization were assessed, with intake and discharge data collected via retrospective chart review. RESULTS Of the 137 eligible patients, 62 (45.3%) consented to follow-up data collection. Patients with ARFID and AN exhibited similar increases in %MBMI from intake to discharge and reported low scores on the ChEAT by discharge. Patients with ARFID and AN maintained good weight outcomes and low ChEAT scores at follow-up. Most participants were still receiving outpatient treatment from a variety of providers, although fewer with ARFID than AN continued to receive services from our multidisciplinary ED clinic. DISCUSSION Patients with ARFID and AN exhibit similar improvements in %MBMI when treated in the same PHP and appear to maintain treatment gains at long-term follow-up. Additionally, most patients continue to utilize outpatient services after being discharged from a PHP.
(Co)content in Circuits With Memristive Elements

The paper deals with the extension of the concept of content and cocontent functions, known from the theory of nonlinear resistive circuits, to circuits with memristive elements. The connection between the (co)content and the area of the hysteresis loop of a memristive element is indicated. It is proved and demonstrated on examples that the area of the hysteresis loop of a one-port, composed entirely of memristive elements, equals the sum of the areas of the loops of individual memristive elements. It is also proved that the law of conservation of (co)content applies also to circuits with memristive elements.
Mapping the Physiological Response of Oenococcus oeni to Ethanol Stress Using an Extended Genome-Scale Metabolic Model

The effect of ethanol on the metabolism of Oenococcus oeni, the bacterium responsible for the malolactic fermentation (MLF) of wine, is still scarcely understood. Here, we characterized the global metabolic response in O. oeni PSU-1 to increasing ethanol contents, ranging from 0 to 12% (v/v). We first optimized a wine-like, defined culture medium, MaxOeno, to allow sufficient bacterial growth to be able to quantitate different metabolites in batch cultures of O. oeni. Then, taking advantage of the recently reconstructed genome-scale metabolic model iSM454 for O. oeni PSU-1 and the resulting experimental data, we determined the redistribution of intracellular metabolic fluxes, under the different ethanol conditions. Four growth phases were clearly identified during the batch cultivation of O. oeni PSU-1 strain, according to the temporal consumption of malic and citric acids, sugar and amino acids uptake, and biosynthesis rates of metabolic products – biomass, erythritol, mannitol and acetic acid, among others. We showed that, under increasing ethanol conditions, O. oeni favors anabolic reactions related with cell maintenance, as the requirements of NAD(P)+ and ATP increased with ethanol content. Specifically, cultures containing 9 and 12% ethanol required 10 and 17 times more NGAM (non-growth associated maintenance ATP) during phase I, respectively, than cultures without ethanol. MLF and citric acid consumption are vital at high ethanol concentrations, as they are the main source for proton extrusion, allowing higher ATP production by F0F1-ATPase, the main route of ATP synthesis under these conditions. Mannitol and erythritol synthesis are the main sources of NAD(P)+, countervailing for 51–57% of its usage, as predicted by the model. Finally, cysteine shows the fastest specific consumption rate among the amino acids, confirming its key role for bacterial survival under ethanol stress. As a whole, this study provides a global insight into how ethanol content exerts a differential physiological response in O. oeni PSU-1 strain. It will help to design better strategies of nutrient addition to achieve a successful MLF of wine.
File-injection Attack and Forward Security for Order-revealing Encryption

Order-preserving encryption (OPE) and order-revealing encryption (ORE) are among the core ingredients for encrypted database (EDB) systems as secure cloud storage. In this work, we study the leakage of OPE and ORE and their forward security. We propose generic yet powerful file-injection attacks (FIAs) on OPE/ORE, aimed at the situations of possessing order by and range queries. The FIA schemes only exploit the ideal leakage of OPE/ORE (in particular, no need of data denseness or frequency). We also improve its efficiency with the frequency statistics using a hierarchical idea such that the high-frequency values will be recovered more quickly. Compared with other attacks against OPE/ORE proposed in recent years, our FIA attacks rely upon less demanding conditions and are more effective for attacking the systems with the function of data sharing or transferring like encrypted email system. We executed some experiments on real datasets to test the performance, and the results show that our FIA attacks can cause an extreme hazard on most of the existing OPE and ORE schemes with high efficiency and 100% recovery rate. In order to resist the perniciousness of FIA, we propose a practical compilation framework for achieving forward secure ORE. The compilation framework only uses some simple cryptographical tools like pseudo-random function, hash function and trapdoor permutation. It can transform most of the existing OPE/ORE schemes into forward secure ORE schemes, with the goal of minimizing the extra burden incurred on computation and storage. We also present its security proof and execute some experiments to analyze its performance.
Cardiovascular Risk Factor Targets and Cardiovascular Disease Event Risk in Diabetes: A Pooling Project of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and Jackson Heart Study

OBJECTIVE Controlling cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in diabetes mellitus (DM) reduces the number of CVD events, but the effects of multifactorial risk factor control are not well quantified. We examined whether being at targets for blood pressure (BP), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) together are associated with lower risks for CVD events in U.S. adults with DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 2,018 adults, 28–86 years of age with DM but without known CVD, from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), and Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Cox regression examined coronary heart disease (CHD) and CVD events over a mean 11-year follow-up in those individuals at BP, LDL-C, and HbA1c target levels, and by the number of controlled risk factors. RESULTS Of 2,018 DM subjects (43% male, 55% African American), 41.8%, 32.1%, and 41.9% were at target levels for BP, LDL-C, and HbA1c, respectively; 41.1%, 26.5%, and 7.2% were at target levels for any one, two, or all three factors, respectively. Being at BP, LDL-C, or HbA1c target levels related to 17%, 33%, and 37% lower CVD risks and 17%, 41%, and 36% lower CHD risks, respectively (P < 0.05 to P < 0.0001, except for BP in CHD risk); those subjects with one, two, or all three risk factors at target levels (vs. none) had incrementally lower adjusted risks of CVD events of 36%, 52%, and 62%, respectively, and incrementally lower adjusted risks of CHD events of 41%, 56%, and 60%, respectively (P < 0.001 to P < 0.0001). Propensity score adjustment showed similar findings. CONCLUSIONS Optimal levels of BP, LDL-C, and HbA1c occurring together in individuals with DM are uncommon, but are associated with substantially lower risk of CHD and CVD.
Rapid detection of salmonellae in mechanically deboned poultry meat.

Samples of frozen mechanically deboned poultry (chicken and turkey) meat were examined for the presence of salmonellae by the conventional cultural method and by a modified membrane filter - disc immunoimmobilization (MFD1) procedure. The modified MFD1 procedure consisted of the following steps: pre-enrichment for 18 hr at 35 C; selective enrichment for 6 hr at 35 C; filtration of 1 ml of selective enrichment culture through a . 45 micrometer membrane filter; and incubation for 18 to 24 hr at 35 C of the membrane filter on a semi-solid selective medium in the presence of a disc impregnated with Salmonella polyvalent flagellar antiserum. Presence of Salmonella in a sample was indicated by the immobilization of Salmonella on contact with the antiserum in the semi-solid medium. The modified MFDI procedure was found to be more sensitive than the conventional cultural method for the isolation of salmonella from mechanically deboned poultry meat. Of 100 samples analyzed, only 22 were positive for Salmonella by the conventional cultural procedure while 61 were positive by the modified MFDI procedure. The modified MFDI procedure yielded 1 false negative while the conventional procedure yielded 38 false negatives.
Replacement of soybean meal by cottonseed meal and peanut meal or both in low energy diets for broilers.

In a feeding trial, 936 1-day-old male (Hybro) broilers were allocated equally to 72 cages to evaluate cottonseed meal (CSM) and peanut meal (PNM) as substitutes for soybean meal (SBM). The 12 treatments were completely randomized among the cages. All diets were balanced to maintain equal levels of sulfur amino acids and lysine and were kept isocaloric (2,850 kcal ME/kg) and isonitrogenous (CP 21%). Feeding diets containing increasing amounts of CSM (0, 8, 16, and 24%) had a negative linear effect (P less than .05) on body weight gain and a positive linear effect (P less than .05) on feed:gain ratio of broilers to 3 wk of age. Diets with 8, 16, and 24% CSM contained 0, 196, and 310 ppm free gossypol, respectively, after chelation with iron from the feedstuffs and premix used in the diets. The improved growth and feed intake (P less than .05) resulting from the addition of 600 ppm Fe to the diet containing 24% CSM suggested that the negative effect of CSM was due to the high content of free gossypol. Increasing PNM from 5 to 10 and 15% had a negative linear effect (P less than .05) on body weight gain at 3 wk of age, due to the elevated levels of total iron in the 10 and 15% PNM diets (390 and 520 ppm, respectively). Addition of CSM at 8% with PNM at 5 or 10% had a negative linear effect (P less than .01) on body weight gain at 3 and 6 wk of age and a positive linear effect (P less than .05) at 3 wk of age on feed:gain, due to the high iron contents of 330 and 460 ppm, respectively.
Product Multicommodity Flow in Wireless Networks

We provide a tight approximate characterization of the n-dimensional product multicommodity flow (PMF) region for a wireless network of n nodes. Separate characterizations in terms of the spectral properties of appropriate network graphs are obtained in both an information-theoretic sense and for a combinatorial interference model (e.g., protocol model). These provide an inner approximation to the n 2-dimensional capacity region. Our results hold for general node distributions, traffic models, and channel fading models. We first establish that the random source-destination model assumed in many previous results on capacity scaling laws, is essentially a one-dimensional approximation to the capacity region and a special case of PMF. We then build on the results for a wireline network (graph) that relate PMF to its spectral (or cut) properties. Specifically, for a combinatorial interference model given by a network graph and a conflict graph, we relate the PMF to the spectral properties of the underlying graphs resulting in simple computational upper and lower bounds. These results show that the 1/radicn scaling law obtained by Gupta and Kumar for a geometric random network can be explained in terms of the scaling law of the conductance of a geometric random graph. For the more interesting random fading model with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), we show that the scaling laws for PMF can again be tightly characterized by the spectral properties of appropriately defined graphs-such a characterization for general wireless networks has not been available before. As an implication, we obtain computationally efficient upper and lower bounds on the PMF for any wireless network with a guaranteed approximation factor.
The influence of dietary protein level on body weight of Japanese quail lines selected under high- and low-protein diets.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the protein requirement of quail lines (P and T) following selection for increased 4-wk BW under normal-protein (28% CP) and low-protein (20% CP) diets, respectively. Quail progeny from Generation 39 breeders were fed diets containing 18, 21, 24, and 27% CP from 0 to 5 wk of age in Experiment 1, whereas in Experiment 2, quail progeny from Generation 79 breeders were fed diets containing 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30% CP from 0 to 4 wk of age. Quail from the unselected base population (C line) were also included in both experiments. Significant line, diet, and line by diet interactions were present in both experiments. At 2 wk of age, T line quail were significantly (P < .05) larger than P line quail across diets, whereas by 4 wk, BW of P line quail were significantly larger than those of T line quail. Across dietary protein levels, quail receiving diets containing 24% CP or higher were significantly larger than those receiving the 18 and 21% CP diets. Quail in both the P and C lines had larger BW with increasing protein levels and an apparent protein requirement between 24 and 27% CP. However, quail in the T line showed no BW response to increased protein levels, indicating that long-term selection for increased BW on a 20% CP diet had altered the protein requirement in this line. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Combined use of satellite estimates and rain gauge observations to generate high‐quality historical rainfall time series over Ethiopia

Climate data are used in a number of applications including climate risk management and adaptation to climate change. However, the availability of climate data, particularly throughout rural Africa, is very limited. Available weather stations are unevenly distributed and mainly located along main roads in cities and towns. This imposes severe limitations to the availability of climate information and services for the rural community where, arguably, these services are needed most. Weather station data also suffer from gaps in the time series. Satellite proxies, particularly satellite rainfall estimate, have been used as alternatives because of their availability even over remote parts of the world. However, satellite rainfall estimates also suffer from a number of critical shortcomings that include heterogeneous time series, short time period of observation, and poor accuracy particularly at higher temporal and spatial resolutions. An attempt is made here to alleviate these problems by combining station measurements with the complete spatial coverage of satellite rainfall estimates. Rain gauge observations are merged with a locally calibrated version of the TAMSAT satellite rainfall estimates to produce over 30‐years (1983‐todate) of rainfall estimates over Ethiopia at a spatial resolution of 10 km and a ten‐daily time scale. This involves quality control of rain gauge data, generating locally calibrated version of the TAMSAT rainfall estimates, and combining these with rain gauge observations from national station network. The infrared‐only satellite rainfall estimates produced using a relatively simple TAMSAT algorithm performed as good as or even better than other satellite rainfall products that use passive microwave inputs and more sophisticated algorithms. There is no substantial difference between the gridded‐gauge and combined gauge‐satellite products over the test area in Ethiopia having a dense station network; however, the combined product exhibits better quality over parts of the country where stations are sparsely distributed.
Intrahost Norovirus Evolution in Chronic Infection Over 5 Years of Shedding in a Kidney Transplant Recipient

Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis, and they can affect humans of all age groups. In immunocompromised patients, norovirus infections can develop into chronic diarrhea or show prolonged asymptomatic virus shedding. Chronic norovirus infections are frequently reported for solid organ transplant recipients, with rapid intrahost norovirus evolution seen. In this report, we describe a case of chronic norovirus infection in an immunocompromised patient who was followed up for over 5 years. The purpose of the study was to specify the norovirus evolution in a chronically infected immunocompromised host and identify possible selection sites in norovirus capsid protein. During the follow-up period, 25 sequential stool samples were collected and nine of them were selected to generate amplicons covering viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and viral capsid protein (VP1) genes. Amplicons were sequenced using next-generation sequencing. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were defined, which demonstrated a nearly 3-fold greater mutation rate in the VP1 genome region compared to the RdRp genome region (7.9 vs. 2.8 variable sites/100 nucleotides, respectively). This indicates that mutations in the virus genome were not accumulated randomly, but are rather the result of mutant selection during the infection cycle. Using ShoRAH software we were able to reconstruct haplotypes occurring in each of the nine selected samples. The deduced amino-acid haplotype sequences were aligned and the positions were analyzed for selective pressure using the Datamonkey program. Only 12 out of 25 positive selection sites were within the commonly described epitopes A, B, C, and D of the VP1 protein. New positive selection sites were determined that have not been described before and might reflect adaptation of the norovirus toward optimal histo-blood-group antigen binding, or modification of the norovirus antigenic properties. These data provide new insights into norovirus evolutionary dynamics and indicate new putative epitope “hot-spots” of modified and optimized norovirus–host interactions.
Some effects of feeding deoxycorticosterone to chickens.

Abstract Feed containing from 5 to 80 ppm of corticosterone was fed to chickens. The resultant changes were related to dose. Blood lymphocytes were reduced in number, heterophils were increased in number, and antibody response to antigen was reduced. At an optimal dose, which was dependant on the stressfulness of the social environment, there was a marked increase in resistance to Escherichia coli infection. Immunity to Eimeria necatrix was reduced by corticosterone feeding but immunity to Newcastle disease was not. The feeding of corticosterone for 10 days resulted in greatly decreased feed efficiency, increased appetite, great increases in body and liver fat, reduced size of lymphoid organs, testes, adrenals, and breast muscle. Some of the responses to corticosterone feeding were influenced by the stressfulness of the environment.
1 LEARNING HORIZON AND OPTIMAL ALLIANCE FORMATION

We develop a theoretical Bayesian learning model to examine how a firm’s learning horizon, defined as the maximum distance in a network of alliances across which the firm learns from other firms, conditions its optimal number of direct alliance partners under technological uncertainty. We compare theoretical optima for a ‘close’ learning horizon, where a firm learns only from direct alliance partners, and a ‘distant’ learning horizon, where a firm learns both from direct and indirect alliance partners. Our theory implies that in high tech industries, a distant learning horizon allows a firm to substitute indirect for direct partners, while in low tech industries indirect partners complement direct partners. Moreover, in high tech industries, optimal alliance formation is less sensitive to changes in structural model parameters when a firm’s learning horizon is distant rather than close. Our contribution lies in offering a formal theory of the role of indirect partners in optimal alliance portfolio design that generates normative propositions amenable to future empirical refutation.