Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity and safety of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in elderly Japanese adults

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of severe disease worldwide, particularly in the elderly population. Due to increasing life expectancy in Japan and elsewhere, an effective vaccine which offers the possibility of prolonged protection is required. Protein conjugated pneumococcal vaccines, which have the ability to boost immunity (immunologic memory) on natural exposure or revaccination, may meet these requirements. An unconjugated 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) has been available for decades; however data on protection against pneumonia are inconsistent. For the first time, a randomized, modified double-blind trial comparing the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) with PPSV23 was conducted in PPSV23-naive adults ≥65 years of age in Japan. This study showed that statistically significantly greater functional antibody responses as measured by opsonophagocytic assays 1 month after vaccination were elicited in the PCV13 group (n = 366) compared with the PPSV23 group (n = 367) for 9 of the 12 serotypes in common with both vaccines and for serotype 6A, unique to PCV13. Local reactions collected within 14 days of vaccination were more frequent in the PCV13 (57.5%, 211/367) than PPSV23 (44.9%, 166/370) group, although severity was generally mild to moderate; systemic and adverse events were similar across groups. There were no treatment-related serious adverse events. Consistent with global studies comparing PCV13 with PPSV23, PCV13 use in Japanese subjects was safe and well-tolerated and elicited greater functional immune responses than PPSV23 for the majority of PCV13-serotypes. PCV13 has the potential to protect against pneumococcal disease in Japanese elderly adults.
Interruptions in clinical nursing practice.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To report a descriptive study of interruptions in hospital nurses' work and discuss their consequences for nursing work. BACKGROUND Interruptions negatively affect procedures, work flow and patient safety. They disturb the emotional atmosphere, reflective processes and the interaction with patients. The constant rearranging of priorities forced by interruptions are a source of frustration to nurses and may lead to a feeling of being pressed for time that results in reduced job satisfaction and stress-related symptoms. DESIGN An ethnographic study. METHODS Observation of five nurse's work over three weeks in January 2007 and qualitative interviewing of two nurses. RESULTS Nurses were interrupted primarily by brief question-answer exchanges between nurse colleagues. Grouped by task, interruptions during medicine preparation in the ward's drug storage room were the most frequent, while the patients were responsible for fewer interruptions than was any other group. Nurses regarded some interruptions as unavoidable, others as avoidable, while the perception of other professional groups as the primary instigators of interruptions was not corroborated. CONCLUSIONS Interruptions confront nurses with a dilemma between being accessible to others and remaining focused in order to 'see the big picture'. Nurses' professional 'groundedness' seems to determine their ability to retain a state of equilibrium in a field of unnecessary interruptions and to prevent interruptions from occurring. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The study contributes new knowledge to the discussion of issues concerning organisation, management, training and clinical work, including nurse's ability to 'see the big picture'. It further seeks to clarify conditions for nursing that take into account professional standards and values as well as mutual understanding between colleagues.
Synergy, Pharmacodynamics, and Time-Sequenced Ultrastructural Changes of the Interaction between Nikkomycin Z and the Echinocandin FK463 against Aspergillus fumigatus

ABSTRACT We investigated the potential synergy between two cell wall-active agents, the echinocandin FK463 (FK) and the chitin synthase inhibitor nikkomycin Z (NZ), against 16 isolates of filamentous fungi. Susceptibility testing was performed with a broth macrodilution procedure by NCCLS methods. The median minimal effective concentration (MEC) of FK against all Aspergillus species was 0.25 μg/ml (range, 0.05 to 0.5 μg/ml). For Fusarium solaniand Rhizopus oryzae, MECs of FK were >512 μg/ml. The median MEC of NZ against Aspergillus fumigatus was 32 μg/ml (range, 8 to 64 μg/ml), and that against R. oryzae was 0.5 μg/ml (range, 0.06 to 2 μg/ml); however, for the other Aspergillus species, as well as F. solani, MECs were >512 μg/ml. A checkerboard inhibitory assay demonstrated synergy against A. fumigatus (median fractional inhibitory concentration index = 0.312 [range, 0.15 to 0.475]). The effect was additive to indifferent against R. oryzae and indifferent against other Aspergillus spp. and F. solani. We further investigated the pharmacodynamics of hyphal damage by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and examined the time-sequenced changes in hyphal ultrastructure. Significant synergistic hyphal damage was demonstrated with the combination of NZ (2 to 32 μg/ml) and FK (0.03 to 0.5 μg/ml) over a wide range of concentrations (P < 0.001). The synergistic effect was most pronounced after 12 h of incubation and was sustained through 24 h. Time-sequenced light and electron microscopic studies demonstrated that structural alterations of hyphae were profound, with marked transformation of hyphae to blastospore-like structures, in the presence of FK plus NZ, while fungi treated with a single drug showed partial recovery at 24 h. The methods used in this study may be applicable to elucidating the activity and interaction of other cell wall-active agents. In summary, these two cell wall-targeted antifungal agents, FK and NZ, showed marked time-dependent in vitro synergistic activity against A. fumigatus.
Association between ERCC 5 gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk

We investigate the role of ERCC5 gene polymorphisms (rs17655 and rs751402) in the development of gastric cancer in a Chinese population. A total of 142 gastric cancer patients whose diagnoses were confirmed by pathology, and 274 control subjects were recruited from Tangshan Gongren Hospital between March 2013 and March 2015. Genotyping of ERCC5 rs17655 and rs751402 polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Compared with the control subjects, we found that gastric cancer patients were more likely to be older, smoke tobacco, drink alcohol, and suffer from Helicobacter pylori infection. Using a chi-square test, a significant difference was observed in the distribution ofERCC5 rs751402 genotypes between patient and control groups (chi-square = 7.79, P = 0.02). In addition, unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the AA genotype of rs751402 significantly increased gastric cancer risk compared to the GG genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 2.61, 95%CI = 1.23-5.49; P = 0.005]. Moreover, we found that the AA genotype correlated with elevated risk of gastric cancer when compared to the GG+AG genotype under a recessive
Learning from Labeled and Unlabeled Data using Graph Mincuts

Many application domains suffer from not having enough labeled training data for learning. However, large amounts of unlabeled examples can often be gathered cheaply. As a result, there has been a great deal of work in recent years on how unlabeled data can be used to aid classification. We consider an algorithm based on finding minimum cuts in graphs, that uses pairwise relationships among the examples in order to learn from both labeled and unlabeled data.
Eye tracking: a comprehensive guide to methods and measures

Holmqvist, K. , Nystrom, N. , Andersson, R. , Dewhurst, R. , Jarodzka, H. , & Van de Weijer, J. (Eds.) (2011). Eye tracking: a comprehensive guide to methods and measures, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Evaluation of Strategies to Control a Potential Outbreak of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Sweden

To minimize the potential consequences of an introduction of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Europe, European Union (EU) member states are required to present a contingency plan. This study used a simulation model to study potential outbreak scenarios in Sweden and evaluate the best control strategies. The model was informed by the Swedish livestock structure using herd information from cattle, pig, and small ruminant holdings in the country. The contact structure was based on animal movement data and studies investigating the movements between farms of veterinarians, service trucks, and other farm visitors. All scenarios of outbreak control included depopulation of detected herds, 3 km protection and 10 km surveillance zones, movement tracing, and 3 days national standstill. The effect of availability of surveillance resources, i.e., number of field veterinarians per day, and timeliness of enforcement of interventions, was assessed. With the estimated currently available resources, an FMD outbreak in Sweden is expected to be controlled (i.e., last infected herd detected) within 3 weeks of detection in any evaluated scenario. The density of farms in the area where the epidemic started would have little impact on the time to control the outbreak, but spread in high density areas would require more surveillance resources, compared to areas of lower farm density. The use of vaccination did not result in a reduction in the expected number of infected herds. Preemptive depopulation was able to reduce the number of infected herds in extreme scenarios designed to test a combination of worst-case conditions of virus introduction and spread, but at the cost of doubling the number of herds culled. This likely resulted from a combination of the small outbreaks predicted by the spread model, and the high efficacy of the basic control measures evaluated, under the conditions of the Swedish livestock industry, and considering the assumed control resources available. The results indicate that the duration and extent of FMD outbreaks could be kept limited in Sweden using the EU standard control strategy and a 3 days national standstill.
The usability engineering lifecycle

The purpose of this tutorial is to provide a lifecycle of practical usability techniques for structuring the process of designing good user interfaces to either traditional software applications or Web pages and applets. The tutorial presents techniques which can be applied at different points in a typical product development lifecycle. Techniques presented include not only requirements analysis, design ad testing techniques, but also organizational and managerial stmegies.
Two PMS2 Mutations in a Turcot Syndrome Family with Small Bowel Cancers

We report the clinicopathological, genetic, and immunohistochemical characterization of an atypical Turcot syndrome (TS) family with small bowel cancer. The tumor family history of a patient with cafè-au-lait spots (CALS) and early onset adenomas, duodenal cancer, and glioblastoma was positive for colonic adenoma (mother), jejunal (maternal grandfather), lung (father), and colorectal (paternal uncle) cancers. PMS2 genetic testing identified the nonsense 1951C>T (Q643X) and the missense 161C>T (S46I) mutations. PMS2 expression was absent in the proband's duodenal cancer with high microsatellite instability. The normal cells also displayed no PMS2 expression and some degree of instability. Our findings point out the association between PMS2 and TS, and support the hypothesis that patients with a few polyps, small bowel tumors with a very early onset, glioblastoma, and CALS should be considered as a variant of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. A recessive model of inheritance caused by compound heterozygous mutations was consistent with the observed severe clinical phenotype and has important implications for predicting cancer risk in both the proband and his relatives.
Hangover research needs: proceedings of the 5th Alcohol Hangover Research Group meeting.

Hangover is the most commonly reported negative consequence of heavy alcohol consumption. A large variety of symptoms have been reported the day after heavy drinking, which together are called the alcohol hangover. Frequently reported hangover symptoms include thirst, headache, drowsiness, and reduced alertness [1]. Although hangover is a common phenomenon in society and has serious socioeconomic consequences, it has received relatively little research attention. To increase research and international collaboration to examine the alcohol hangover, in 2010 the Alcohol Hangover Research Group (AHRG) was founded. This paper covers the research topics discussed at the 5th Alcohol Hangover Research Group meeting, held August 1–2, 2013 in Keele, UK.
A theory for parametric linear systems

We present a theoretical foundation for studying parametric systems of hrtear equations and prove an efficient algorithm for identifying all parametric values (including degenerate cases) for which the system is consistent. The algorithm gives a small set of regimes where for each regime, the solutions of the s eciahzed systems [ may be given uniformly. For omogeneous sYstems, or for systetns where the right hand side is arbitrary, thn small set is irredundant. We also @e a complexity analysis of the Gaussian elimination rnethocl and compare that with our algorithm.
The initial prodrome in schizophrenia: searching for naturalistic core dimensions of experience and behavior.

The scientific exploration of prepsychotic detection and intervention in psychosis has just commenced. To identify developing psychosis at prodromal stages, it is important to learn how patients and families perceive initial prodromes naturalistically. We must understand better what we are going to detect, because the essential components of this phase, particularly the subjective experiences, remain unsettled. In a series of 19 first episode DSM-IV schizophrenia patients, we explore prodromal phenomena in depth and identify potential core dimensions. On the basis of our findings, we describe experiences and behaviors that appear to be essential components of initial prodromes. The subjects reported serious difficulties interpreting and talking about prodromal experiences at the time these occurred, causing delayed identification. We report detailed reasons for this, pointing out vulnerable aspects of at-risk assessments. From eight proposed groups of experiences, two are highlighted as tentative core dimensions: "disturbance of perception of self" and "extreme preoccupation by and withdrawal to overvalued ideas. " Four potential dimensions of prodromal behavior are also identified: (1) quit school, university, or job, or major school truancy, (2) marked and lasting observable shift of interests, (3) marked and lasting social passivity, withdrawal, or isolation, and (4) marked and lasting change in global appearance or behavior. We argue that the findings, the phenomena, and their significance in prodromes are valid because they are logical and coherent in light of clinical experience as well as the empirical literature of a full century.
Randomized Routing and Sorting on Fixed-Connection Networks

This paper presents a general paradigm for the design of packet routing algorithms for fixed-connection networks. Its basis is a randomized on-line algorithm for scheduling any set of N packets whose paths have congestion c on any bounded-degree leveled network with depth L in O(c + L + log N) steps, using constant-size queues. In this paradigm, the design of a routing algorithm is broken into three parts: (1) showing that the underlying network can emulate a leveled network, (2) designing a path selection strategy for the leveled network, and (3) applying the scheduling algorithm
Relative Lifetimes of Several Space Liquid Lubricants Using a Vacuum Spiral Orbit Tribometer (SOT)

A vacuum spiral orbit rolling contact tribometer (SOT) was used to determine the relative lifetimes of several unformulated space liquid lubricants. The lubricants tested included a synthetic hydrocarbon (Pennzane 2001 A), three perfluoropolyethers (Krytox 143AC, Fomblin Z25, and Brayco 815Z), three silahydrocarbons (a tri, a tetra, and a penta) and a polyalphaolefin (Nye PAO-100). The SOT simulates the ball motions in an angular contact bearing and tribochemically degrades microgram quantities of lubricant. Test failure is determined when a preset friction coefficient is exceeded. Relative lifetime (orbits/micro-g) is defined as the number of ball orbits to failure divided by the amount of lubricant on the ball. Conditions included 10 to 200 rpm rotational speed, approximately 50 micro-g lubricant, an initial vacuum < 1.3x10(exp -6) Pa, room temperature (approximately 23 C), a mean Hertzian stress of 1.5 GPa, and 440 C stainless steel specimens. Lubricated lifetimes from longest to shortest were Pennzane 2001 A, the silahydrocarbons and the PAO-100, 143AC, ZI-5, and then 815Z. Relative lifetimes compare favorably to full-scale vacuum gimbal bearing tests. The effect of varying the mean Hertzian stress on the lifetime of some of the lubricants was examined.
Presynaptic PI3K activity triggers the formation of glutamate receptors at neuromuscular terminals of Drosophila

Summary Synapse transmission depends on the precise structural and functional assembly between pre- and postsynaptic elements. This tightly regulated interaction has been thoroughly characterised in vivo in the Drosophila glutamatergic larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) synapse, a suitable model to explore synapse formation, dynamics and plasticity. Previous findings have demonstrated that presynaptic upregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) increases synapse number, generating new functional contacts and eliciting changes in behaviour. Here, we show that genetically driven overexpression of PI3K in the presynaptic element also leads to a correlated increase in the levels of glutamate receptor (GluRII) subunits and the number of postsynaptic densities (PSDs), without altering GluRII formation and assembly dynamics. In addition to GluRIIs, presynaptic PI3K activity also modifies the expression of the postsynaptic protein Discs large (Dlg). Remarkably, PI3K specifically overexpressed in the final larval stages is sufficient for the formation of NMJ synapses. No differences in the number of synapses and PSDs were detected when PI3K was selectively expressed in the postsynaptic compartment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PI3K-dependent synaptogenesis plays an instructive role in PSD formation and growth from the presynaptic side.
The MATROS project: Stability of Uranus and Neptune Trojans. The case of 2001 QR322

We present in this paper an analysis of the long term stability of Trojan type orbits of both Uranus and Neptune. Employing the Frequency Map Analysis (hereinafter FMA) we measure the diffusion speed in the phase space for a large sample of Trojan orbits with short numerical integrations. High resolution diffusion maps are derived for different values of initial inclination. These maps outline where the most stable orbits can be found in the Trojan clouds of the two planets. The orbit of the newly discovered Neptune Trojan 2001 QR322 has been analysed in detail with the FMA method. In the phase space the body is located close to the border of a stable region for low inclination Neptune Trojans. Numerical integrations over 4.5 Gyr of clone orbits generated from the covariance matrix show that only 10% of the clones escape from the Trojan cloud. The proper frequencies of the Trojan motion computed with the FMA algorithm allow us to to derive a numerical secular theory. From this theory it is possible to locate in the phase space the main secular resonances that can perturb Trojan orbits of the two planets and lead to instability.
Contribution PEROXYNITRITE-MEDIATED a-TOCOPHEROL OXIDATION IN LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN : A MECHANISTIC APPROACH

Ad uı́mic video Abstract—Previous reports proposed that peroxynitrite (ONOO ) oxidizes a-tocopherol (a-TOH) through a twoelectron concerted mechanism. In contrast, ONOO oxidizes phenols via free radicals arising from peroxo bond homolysis. To understand the kinetics and mechanism of a-TOH and g-tocopherol (g-TOH) oxidation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (direct vs. radical), we exposed LDL to ONOO added as a bolus or an infusion. Nitric oxide ( NO), ascorbate, and CO2 were used as key biologically relevant modulators of ONOO reactivity. Although f80% a-TOH and g-TOH depletion occurred within 5 min of incubation of 0.8 AM LDL with a 60 AM bolus of ONOO , an equimolar infusion of ONOO over 60 min caused total consumption of both antioxidants. g-Tocopherol was preserved relative to a-TOH, probably due to g-tocopheroxyl radical recycling by a-TOH. a-TOH oxidation in LDL was first order in ONOO withf12% of ONOO maximally available. Physiological concentrations of NO and ascorbate spared both aTOH and g-TOH through independent and additive mechanisms. High concentrations of NO and ascorbate abolished aTOH and g-TOH oxidation. Nitric oxide protection was more efficient for a-TOH in LDL than for ascorbate in solution, evidencing the kinetically highly favored reaction of lipid peroxyl radicals with NO than with a-TOH as assessed by computer-assisted simulations. In addition, CO2 (1.2 mM) inhibited both a-TOH and lipid oxidation. These results demonstrate that ONOO induces a-TOH oxidation in LDL through a one-electron free radical mechanism; thus the inhibitory actions of NO and ascorbate may determine low a-tocopheryl quinone accumulation in tissues despite increased ONOO generation. D 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Iterative Learning Control for Multiple Point-to-Point Tracking Application

This paper considers a general class of linear iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm applied to tracking tasks which require the plant output to reach given points at predetermined time instants, without the specification of intervening reference points. A framework is developed in the frequency-domain in which the reference is updated between trials. It is shown that superior convergence and robustness properties are obtained compared with those associated with using the original class of ILC algorithm to track a prescribed arbitrary reference trajectory satisfying the point-to-point output constraints. Experimental results using a non-minimum phase test facility are presented to illustrate the theoretical findings.
How do framing strategies influence the user's choice of content on the Web?

A Web user is exposed to a large number of information services available from different sources. Online news is offered combined with relevant service attributes such as pictures, small text, users' recommendations, etc. We previously investigated the Web user's choice of online news, focusing on the trade‐offs between reputation and other service attributes, which may explain the user's choice of an unknown source, such as a blog. In the present study, we investigate the Web user's choice of online news in a multi‐attribute context. Our findings indicate that the most important service attribute is the accompanying text, followed by the source's reputation, then the percentage of readers recommending or having read the link, and then the picture. We further explore the trade‐offs between the attributes through simulations. These findings provide useful insights to practitioners on how to use the service attributes in the framing strategies in order to increase the probability of the choice of online news. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.