Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intracranial EEG Reveals a Time- and Frequency-Specific Role for the Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Primary Motor Cortex in Stopping Initiated Responses

Inappropriate response tendencies may be stopped via a specific fronto/basal ganglia/primary motor cortical network. We sought to characterize the functional role of two regions in this putative stopping network, the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the primary motor cortex (M1), using electocorticography from subdural electrodes in four patients while they performed a stop-signal task. On each trial, a motor response was initiated, and on a minority of trials a stop signal instructed the patient to try to stop the response. For each patient, there was a greater right IFG response in the beta frequency band (∼16 Hz) for successful versus unsuccessful stop trials. This finding adds to evidence for a functional network for stopping because changes in beta frequency activity have also been observed in the basal ganglia in association with behavioral stopping. In addition, the right IFG response occurred 100–250 ms after the stop signal, a time range consistent with a putative inhibitory control process rather than with stop-signal processing or feedback regarding success. A downstream target of inhibitory control is M1. In each patient, there was alpha/beta band desynchronization in M1 for stop trials. However, the degree of desynchronization in M1 was less for successfully than unsuccessfully stopped trials. This reduced desynchronization on successful stop trials could relate to increased GABA inhibition in M1. Together with other findings, the results suggest that behavioral stopping is implemented via synchronized activity in the beta frequency band in a right IFG/basal ganglia network, with downstream effects on M1.
Exploring computer mediated communications in Facebook for an insight into enhancing uptake and usage in higher education for social, educational and institutional benefit

In the UK, technology enhanced learning is seen as a way of enhancing student engagement and collaboration. Recent literature suggests that some of the attempts to integrate social media into formal teaching in higher education (HE) have suffered from student privacy issues leading to low student participation. This thesis explored the use of Facebook in HE, discussed shortcomings in digital signal transmission affecting intersubjective accord and employed Goffman’s embarrassment avoidance framework, communication privacy management and social penetration theories to model student behaviour on and offline to offer insights into the realities of student Facebook usage in HE. The research followed a pragmatist paradigm and focused upon Facebook usage in a post-1992 university, exploring student emotions and privacy boundaries. Facebook data recording and an online survey provided data from 22 students. Results from the sample indicated a preference for face-to face teaching methods, similar levels of trustworthiness accorded to staff as they would for senior colleagues at work and that those who became embarrassed more easily shared fewer items on Facebook. When making a privacy boundary decision, the nature of the shared object had a greater influence than the personal network with which it was to be shared. The conclusion is that Facebook has limited potential at the front of the classroom, however private Facebook study groups can be a source of peer feedback and social support with the potential to increase individual learning outcomes, cohesion and interaction, directly and indirectly benefiting HE. This thesis suggests changes to HE social networking policies to encourage student participation in social media and that greater emphasis should be placed upon copresent methods of teaching.
Learning styles: where’s the evidence?

Armitage G. Coping with medical error: a systematic review of papers to assess the effects of involvement in medical errors on healthcare professionals’ psychological wellbeing. Qual Saf Health Care 2010;19 (6):43. 10 Fischer MA, Mazor KM, Baril J, Alper E, DeMarco D, Pugnaire M. Learning from mistakes. Factors that influence how students and residents learn from medical errors. J Gen Intern Med 2006;21 (5):419–23.
High Adherence to Antimalarials and Antibiotics under Integrated Community Case Management of Illness in Children Less than Five Years in Eastern Uganda

Background Development of resistance to first line antimalarials led to recommendation of artemisinin based combination therapies (ACTs). High adherence to ACTs provided by community health workers (CHWs) gave reassurance that community based interventions did not increase the risk of drug resistance. Integrated community case management of illnesses (ICCM) is now recommended through which children will access both antibiotics and antimalarials from CHWs. Increased number of medicines has been shown to lower adherence. Objective To compare adherence to antimalarials alone versus antimalarials combined with antibiotics under ICCM in children less than five years. Methods A cohort study was nested within a cluster randomized trial that had CHWs treating children less than five years with antimalarials and antibiotics (intervention areas) and CHWs treating children with antimalarials only (control areas). Children were consecutively sampled from the CHWs' registers in the control areas (667 children); and intervention areas (323 taking antimalarials only and 266 taking antimalarials plus antibiotics). The sampled children were visited at home on day one and four of treatment seeking. Adherence was assessed using self reports and pill counts. Results Adherence in the intervention arm to antimalarials alone and antimalarials plus antibiotics arm was similar (mean 99% in both groups) but higher than adherence in the control arm (antimalarials only) (mean 96%). Forgetfulness (38%) was the most cited reason for non-adherence. At adjusted analysis: absence of fever (OR = 3.3, 95%CI = 1.6–6.9), seeking care after two or more days (OR = 2.2, 95%CI = 1.3–3.7), not understanding instructions given (OR = 24.5, 95%CI = 2.7–224.5), vomiting (OR = 2.6, 95%CI = 1.2–5.5), and caregivers' perception that the child's illness was not severe (OR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.1–3.8) were associated with non-adherence. Conclusions Addition of antibiotics to antimalarials did not lower adherence. However, caregivers should be adequately counseled to understand the dosing regimens; continue with medicines even when the child seems to improve; and re-administer doses that have been vomited.
Defect detection with estimation of material condition using ensemble learning for hammering test

This paper introduces a new methodology of robotic hammering inspection for the maintenance of social infrastructures. In particular, the estimation of material defect conditions, such as delamination depth of concrete, is focused upon. Development of an automated diagnosis methodology is necessary for the maintenance of superannuated social infrastructures. The hammering test, which is an efficient inspection method, has attracted considerable attention in the context of automated inspection using robots. In this study, to apply the hammering test to robotic inspection, in which material conditions of infrastructures must be diagnosed in detail, an estimation method of the defect conditions is proposed, and an integration technique of plural classifiers for improving the inspection accuracy is introduced. Furthermore, an inspection system that can decrease the influence of the mechanical running-noise is implemented. Our experimental results using concrete test pieces demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method; the accuracy of the defect detection and defect condition estimation was validated.
Fibronectin, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 (PAI-1) And Uterine Artery Doppler Velocimetry as Markers of Preeclampsia

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine plasma levels of fibronectin and plasminogen inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), and alterations in uterine artery (UtA) waveforms throughout normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies and to analyze its predictive value for the detection of preeclampsia within the second trimester of pregnancy. Material and methods: Blood samples were collected from 102 healthy, nulliparous women between the 24th and 26th gestational week. Preeclampsia developed in 13 patients; 89 normotensive control subjects were matched from the same cohort. Plasma samples were assayed for fibronectin and PAI-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Color pulsed Doppler examinations of UtA were performed after blood sampling. Trends were compared between two groups. Results: Maternal plasma fibronectin and PAI-1 levels and average PI, RI and S/D ratios of patients with preeclampsia were significantly higher (p < 0.05). The best cut-off values for predicting preeclampsia of fibronectin, PAI-1, PI, RI, S/D ratio based on ROC curve analysis were 290 mg/ml, 77.3 ng/ml, 1,0615, 0.605 and 2,59 respectively. The areas under the curve equal to 0.705, 0.753, 0.689, 0.695 and 0.699 for fibronectin, PAI-1 and uterine artery Doppler PI, RI, S/D ratio were determined for the prediction of preeclampsia. Conclusions: Fibronectin, PAI-1 and UtA Doppler are potentially useful predictors of preeclampsia. Maternal plasma PAI-1 combinated with fibronectin had the highest predictive values in our study.
Trivial centralizers for axiom A diffeomorphisms

We show there is a residual set of non-Anosov C∞ axiom A diffeomorphisms with the no cycles property whose elements have trivial centralizer. If M is a surface and 2 ⩽ r ⩽ ∞, then we will show there exists an open and dense set of Cr axiom A diffeomorphisms with the no cycles property whose elements have trivial centralizer. Additionally, we examine commuting diffeomorphisms preserving a compact invariant set Λ where Λ is a hyperbolic chain recurrent class for one of the diffeomorphisms.
Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio: A Novel Prognostic Index for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) depends on both tumour extent and hepatic function reserve. Liver function test (LFT) is a basic routine blood test to evaluate hepatic function. We first analysed LFT components and their associated scores in a training cohort of 217 patients who underwent curative surgery to identify LFT parameters with high performance (discriminatory capacity, homogeneity, and monotonicity of gradient). We derived a novel index, albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR), which had the highest c-index (0.646) and χ 2 (24.774) among other liver biochemical parameters. The AAPR was an independent prognostic factor for overall and disease-free survival. The adjusted hazard ratio of death and tumour relapse was 2.36 (P = 0.002) and 1.85 (P = 0.010), respectively. The independent prognostic significance of AAPR on top of 5 commonly used and well established staging systems was further confirmed in 2 independent cohorts of patients receiving surgical resection (n = 256) and palliative therapy (n = 425). In summary, the AAPR is a novel index readily derived from a simple low-cost routine blood test and is an independent prognostic indicator for patients with HCC regardless of treatment options.
Pharmacists’ participation in the documentation of medication history in a developing setting: An exploratory assessment with new criteria

Objective To assess the impact of pharmacists’ participation on the frequency and depth of medication history information documented in a developing setting like Nigeria Method The study consisted of two phases. The first phase was a baseline cross-sectional assessment of the frequency and depth of medication history information documented by physicians in case notes of systematic samples of 900 patients that were stratified over 9 Medical outpatients Units at a premier teaching hospital in south western Nigeria. The second phase was an exploratory study involving 10 pharmacists who conducted cross-sectional medication history interview for 324 randomly selected patients. Results 49.2% of patients, whose medication history were documented at the baseline, by physicians, were males; while 50.3% of patient interviewed by pharmacists were male. Mean age (SD) of males and females whose medication histories were documented by physicians and pharmacists were 43.2 (SD=18.6), 43.1 (SD=17.9) years and 51.5 (SD=17.6), 52.1 (SD=17.4) years respectively. The frequency of medication history information documented by pharmacists was significantly higher for twelve of the thirteen medication history components (P < 0.0001). These include prescription medicines; over the counter medicines; source of medicines; adverse drug reactions; allergy to drugs, allergy to foods, allergy to chemicals; patient adherence; alcohol use; cigarette smoking; dietary restrictions and herbal medicine use. The depth of medication history information acquired and documented by pharmacist was significantly better for all the thirteen medication history components (P<0.0001). Conclusion Pharmacists’ participation resulted in significant increase in frequency and depth of medication history information documented in a developing setting like Nigeria. The new medication history evaluation criteria proved useful in assessing the impact of pharmacists’ participation.
Kainate Receptors Depress Excitatory Synaptic Transmission at CA3→CA1 Synapses in the Hippocampus via a Direct Presynaptic Action

Kainate receptor activation depresses synaptic release of neurotransmitter at a number of synapses in the CNS. The mechanism underlying this depression is controversial, and both ionotropic and metabotropic mechanisms have been suggested. We report here that the AMPA/kainate receptor agonists domoate (DA) and kainate (KA) cause a presynaptic depression of glutamatergic transmission at CA3→CA1 synapses in the hippocampus, which is not blocked by the AMPA receptor antagonist GYKI 53655 but is blocked by the AMPA/KA receptor antagonist CNQX. Neither a blockade of interneuronal discharge nor antagonists of several neuromodulators affect the depression, suggesting that it is not the result of indirect excitation and subsequent release of a neuromodulator. Presynaptic depolarization, achieved via increasing extracellular K+, caused a depression of the presynaptic fiber volley and an increase in the frequency of miniature EPSCs. Neither effect was observed with DA, suggesting that DA does not depress transmission via a presynaptic depolarization. However, the effects of DA were abolished by the G-protein inhibitors N-ethylmaleimide and pertussis toxin. These results suggest that KA receptor activation depresses synaptic transmission at this synapse via a direct, presynaptic, metabotropic action.
CDK4 Amplification Predicts Recurrence of Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma of the Abdomen

Background The absence of CDK4 amplification in liposarcomas is associated with favorable prognosis. We aimed to identify the factors associated with tumor recurrence in patients with well-differentiated (WD) and dedifferentiated (DD) liposarcomas. Methods From 2000 to 2010, surgical resections for 101 WD and DD liposarcomas were performed. Cases in which complete surgical resections with curative intent were carried out were selected. MDM2 and CDK4 gene amplification were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). Results There were 31 WD and 17 DD liposarcomas. Locoregional recurrence was observed in 11 WD and 3 DD liposarcomas. WD liposarcomas showed better patient survival compared to DD liposarcomas (P<0.05). Q-PCR analysis of the liposarcomas revealed the presence of CDK4 amplification in 44 cases (91.7%) and MDM2 amplification in 46 cases (95.8%). WD liposarcomas with recurrence after surgical resection had significantly higher levels of CDK4 amplification compared to those without recurrence (P = 0.041). High level of CDK4 amplification (cases with CDK4 amplification higher than the median 7.54) was associated with poor recurrence-free survival compared to low CDK4 amplification in both univariate (P = 0.012) and multivariate analyses (P = 0.020). Conclusions Level of CDK4 amplification determined by Q-PCR was associated with the recurrence of WD liposarcomas after surgical resection.
Adapting Software Fault Isolation to Contemporary CPU Architectures

Software Fault Isolation (SFI) is an effective approach to sandboxing binary code of questionable provenance, an interesting use case for native plugins in a Web browser. We present software fault isolation schemes for ARM and x86-64 that provide control-flow and memory integrity with average performance overhead of under 5% on ARM and 7% on x86-64. We believe these are the best known SFI implementations for these architectures, with significantly lower overhead than previous systems for similar architectures. Our experience suggests that these SFI implementations benefit from instruction-level parallelism, and have particularly small impact for workloads that are data memory-bound, both properties that tend to reduce the impact of our SFI systems for future CPU implementations.
Temporal and Spectral Sensitivity of Complex Auditory Neurons in the Nucleus HVc of Male Zebra Finches

Complex vocalizations, such as human speech and birdsong, are characterized by their elaborate spectral and temporal structure. Because auditory neurons of the zebra finch forebrain nucleus HVc respond extremely selectively to a particular complex sound, the bird’s own song (BOS), we analyzed the spectral and temporal requirements of these neurons by measuring their responses to systematically degraded versions of the BOS. These synthetic songs were based exclusively on the set of amplitude envelopes obtained from a decomposition of the original sound into frequency bands and preserved the acoustical structure present in the original song with varying degrees of spectral versus temporal resolution, which depended on the width of the frequency bands. Although both excessive temporal or spectral degradation eliminated responses, HVc neurons responded well to degraded synthetic songs with time–frequency resolutions of ∼5 msec or 200 Hz. By comparing this neuronal time–frequency tuning with the time–frequency scales that best represented the acoustical structure in zebra finch song, we concluded that HVc neurons are more sensitive to temporal than to spectral cues. Furthermore, neuronal responses to synthetic songs were indistinguishable from those to the original BOS only when the amplitude envelopes of these songs were represented with 98% accuracy. That level of precision was equivalent to preserving the relative time-varying phase across frequency bands with resolutions finer than 2 msec. Spectral and temporal information are well known to be extracted by the peripheral auditory system, but this study demonstrates how precisely these cues must be preserved for the full response of high-level auditory neurons sensitive to learned vocalizations.
Those who played were listening to the music? Immersion and dynamic music in the ludonarrative

Non-linear storytelling environments take us one step closer towards immersive experiences while relying heavily on the emotional congruency of the presented stimuli, such as music, as a function of user action. A pilot study was conducted to explore immersive presence as well as emotional valence and arousal in the context of dynamic and non-dynamic music in an action-adventure video game. 60 subjects answered self-report questionnaires of experiential states each time after playing the game `Batman: Arkham City' in one of three conditions accounting for (1) dynamic music, (2) non-dynamic music/low arousal potential and (3) non-dynamic music/high arousal potential, in this way manipulating emotional arousal, structural-temporal alignment and emotional congruency of nondiegetic music. Investigating the perceived drama related semantic ecology of dynamic music in the likes of a Theory of Mind approach, different layers of virtual mind sets between the player, avatar and game environment are assumed to moderate a continuous regulatory modulation of emotional response achieved by context effects of dynamic music.
Laminin-5 as a marker of invasiveness in cervical lesions.

BACKGROUND Treatment decisions for cervical cancer, a common disease worldwide, depend on demonstrating whether or not tumor invasion of the surrounding tissue has occurred. Invasion can be difficult to assess by standard histopathologic methods, especially when limited amounts of tissue are available. Several studies of a variety of cancers have reported increased expression of laminin-5-an important attachment protein for epithelial cells-in invasive carcinomas. This study was designed to investigate whether the presence of laminin-5 is related to the invasive capacity of cervical lesions. METHODS We used immunohistochemical methods to stain archival, paraffin-embedded sections of cervical lesions with a polyclonal antibody specifically targeting the gamma2 chain of human laminin-5 protein. The study sample included 23 lesions of mild and moderate dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] 1 and 2, respectively), 32 lesions of severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (CIN 3), 15 lesions of microinvasive cancer, and 20 lesions of frankly invasive cancer. Cellular proliferative activity was also investigated by the use of monoclonal MIB-1 (directed against the antigen Ki-67) and anticyclin A antibodies. RESULTS Invasiveness of cervical lesions was positively associated with immunohistochemical staining of the gamma2 chain of laminin-5 (two-sided P =.001). All CIN 1 and CIN 2 lesions-except one CIN 2 lesion later shown to be invasive cancer-and 21 CIN 3 lesions tested negative for the gamma2 chain of laminin-5. Eleven CIN 3 lesions and all invasive cancers tested positive for this protein. One lymph node metastasis and a pleural metastasis from one of the patients with invasive cancer showed strong immunohistochemical positivity. Proliferative activity increased with advancement of the lesion but was not confined to cells positive for the gamma2 chain of laminin-5. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that antibodies directed against the gamma2 chain of laminin-5 can identify cervical lesions with invasive capacity and thus may be useful as a sensitive marker of early invasion.
Corporate Entrepreneurship Assessment Instrument (CEAI): Refinement and Validation of a Survey Measure

Abstract : The study of corporate entrepreneurship has established itself as a valuable area of research for both public and private-sector organizations. The measurement instrument known as the Corporate Entrepreneurship Assessment Index (CEAI) has been designed to tap the climate-related organizational factors that represent and potentially encourage corporate entrepreneurship. This study is an attempt to refine the CEAI. The core constructs of the CEAI are redefined, the items are tested for content validity, the factor structure is analyzed, and the CEAI is correlated to other known measures to validate the CEAI. Through this testing, the CEAI was refined and found to be a useful measure for predicting an innovative, entrepreneurial environment.