Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Which Mental Strategies in the Early Number Curriculum? A Comparison of British Ideas and Dutch Views

Abstract Mental arithmetic has recently gained a higher profile in primary mathematics. The question then arises whether mental strategies should be left to spontaneous development or should be taught in some didactic order? In reaction to a School Curriculum and Assessment Authority (SCAA) discussion paper and other publications a comparison is made between British ideas and Dutch views. In the Netherlands the Realistic Mathematics Education theory has, since the 1980s, inspired textbook design and teaching practice, but also discussions on mental mathematics. Better balancing between ‘mental recall and mental strategies’ led to an improved National Programme (1990) and a second generation of revised textbooks. A great difference is the radical choice for postponing (formal) place value and written algorithms and building first on pupils’ (informal) mental strategies. This principle of ‘progressive mathematisation’ is developed further with the empty number line as a new model for mental strategies up to.
Medicine‐taking behaviour in schizophrenia – part 1

In this, the first of two articles, Celia Feetam and Hannah Roberts focus on factors contributing to poor medicine‐taking behaviour in schizophrenia and the consequences of this. The second article will consider treatment variables that may influence such behaviour and the interventions that have been proposed to improve medicine‐taking behaviour in those diagnosed with schizophrenia. These articles follow on from two articles published in Progress in 2009 on Medicine‐taking behaviour in depression.1,2. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Psychological Impact of Cyber-Bullying: Implications for School Counsellors.

Cyber-bullying is asignificant problem for children today. This study provides evidence of the psychological impact of cyber-bullying among victimized children ages 10 to 17 years (M = 12.48, SD = 1.79) from 23 urban schools in a western province of Canada (N = 239). Students who were cyber-bullied reported high levels of anxious, externalizing, and depressed feelings/behaviours for all types of cyber-bullying they experienced, with girls reporting more severe impact than boys. Strategies are discussed for school counsellors working with youth who have been victimized through electronic means.
Long-Term Functional Results for the Surgical Management of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Objective: To document long-term functional outcomes in patients treated for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS). Methods: Records of all patients undergoing treatment for NTOS at our center were reviewed. Patient demographics and co-morbidities were recorded. End-points included symptomatic relief, peri-operative adjunctive procedures, functional outcome and employment continuity. Results: From 1988-2008, 26 patients were operated upon for NTOS. Hallmarks of the diagnosis in operated patients included symptom duration less than 1 year and a positive Roos test. Patients receiving disability and those with cervical spine pathology or carpal tunnel syndrome were not considered for surgery. Mean patient age was 39.2 years (range 14-60 years) with a mean follow-up of 104.4 months. Eleven patients (42.3%) engaged in pre-operative physical therapy programs. 7 of 9 patients (26.9%) received adjunctive peri-procedural scalene block with temporary symptom relief. All patients underwent thoracic outlet decompression by either 1st rib resection [18 total: 8 (44%) transaxillary and 10 (66%) supraclavicular)], cervical rib resection [6 (26.1%)] and/or scalenectomy [12 (46.2%)]. Of the 22 patients available for follow-up, six patients (27.3%) have required continued post-operative narcotic analgesics. Sixteen patients (72.7%) returned to work and reported being at an equivalent or better functional outcome than their pre-operative status. Conclusions: Durable long-term functional outcomes can be achieved predicated on a highly selective approach to the surgical management of patients with NTOS. A majority of operated patients will not require adjunctive procedures or chronic narcotic utilization. Patients who undergo surgery can expect to return to work with little or no functional impairment.
TMEM45A Is Dispensable for Epidermal Morphogenesis, Keratinization and Barrier Formation

TMEM45A gene encodes an initially uncharacterized predicted transmembrane protein. We previously showed that this gene is highly expressed in keratinocytes where its expression correlates with keratinization, suggesting a role in normal epidermal physiology. To test this hypothesis, we generated TMEM45A knockout mice and found that these mice develop without any evident phenotype. The morphology of the epidermis assessed by histology and by labelling differentiation markers in immunofluorescence was not altered. Toluidine blue permeability assay showed that the epidermal barrier develops normally during embryonic development. We also showed that depletion of TMEM45A in human keratinocytes does not alter their potential to form in vitro 3D-reconstructed epidermis. Indeed, epidermis with normal morphogenesis were generated from TMEM45A-silenced keratinocytes. Their expression of differentiation markers quantified by RT-qPCR and evidenced by immunofluorescence labelling as well as their barrier function estimated by Lucifer yellow permeability were similar to the control epidermis. In summary, TMEM45A gene expression is dispensable for epidermal morphogenesis, keratinization and barrier formation. If this protein plays a role in the epidermis, its experimental depletion can possibly be compensated by other proteins in the two experimental models analyzed in this study.
Deficits in visual motion processing following ibotenic acid lesions of the middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey

Physiological experiments have produced evidence that the middle temporal visual area (MT) of the monkey is selectively involved in the analysis of visual motion. We tested this hypothesis by studying the effects of small chemical lesions of MT on eye movements made in response to moving as opposed to stationary visual targets. We observed two deficits for eye movements made to moving targets: a monkey's ability to match the speed of his smooth pursuit eye movements to the speed of the moving target was impaired, and a monkey's ability to adjust the amplitude of a saccadic eye movement to compensate for target motion was impaired. In contrast, saccades to stationary targets were unaffected by the MT lesions, suggesting that monkeys with MT lesions had more difficulty responding to moving than to stationary stimuli. These results provide the first behavioral evidence that neural processing in MT contributes to the cortical analysis of visual motion.
Classroom Factors Affecting Students’ Self-Evaluations: An Interactional Model

This paper presents a complex interactional model of classroom factors that contribute to the development of students’ self-evaluations. This model integrates previously investigated factors, suggests the operation of additional factors, and extends the notion of the operation of classroom factors to account for the possibility that certain factors may compensate for or negate the effect of otherwise crucial factors in influencing students’ interpretations of and reactions to classroom events. Described are (a) task structure, (b) grouping practices, (c) feedback and evaluation procedures and information about ability, (d) motivational strategies, (e) locus of responsibility for learning, and (f) the quality of teacher-student relationships. This notion of compensating and negating features within the classroom environment can be applied to understanding other student outcomes as they are influenced by teaching processes.
Structure of transcripts and proteins encoded by U79-80 of human herpesvirus 6 and its subcellular localization in infected cells.

We analyzed the U79-80 gene of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), which is predicted to be a positional homolog of the UL112-113 gene of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The U79-80 gene encoded a family of nuclear proteins of 36, 41, 44, and 59 kDa. These proteins had common amino termini and were generated by complex alternative splicing. Transcripts from U79-80 appeared as early as 3 h postinfection and could be detected in the presence of phosphonoformate. U79-80 proteins were seen as early as 8 h postinfection and could be detected in the presence of phosphonoformate but not in the presence of cycloheximide combined with actinomycin D treatment. The U79-80 proteins were localized to the nucleus of infected cells, where they were detected as a speckled or punctuate pattern. Moreover, the U79-80 proteins colocalized with the components of the viral DNA replication machinery and appeared to distribute adjacent to or touching nuclear domain 10, where viral DNA replication occurs. From the sequence analysis of genomic DNA, the predicted amino acid similarity between U79-80 and UL112-113 was lower than between other genes, but the characteristics of the transcripts and proteins encoded by U79-80 were similar to those of UL112-113. These results suggest that the U79-80 proteins have a role in viral DNA replication and are functional homologues of the UL112-113 proteins.
RISK FACTORS FOR BOY'S CONDUCT PROBLEMS WITHIN AND ACROSS NEIGHBORHOODS

This study had three aims. The first was to examine whether there is a relationship between children's developmental histories of conduct problems (CP) and neighborhood risk. A second aim was to examine whether children from poorer neighborhoods are exposed to more environmentally-based CP risk factors (e.g., peer deviance, rejecting parenting) than children from more prosperous neighborhoods. Finally, a third aim was to compare the developmental histories of CP youth across communities that varied in SES (e.g., lower-middle-class and more deprived neighborhoods) and within such communities (e.g., high-CP vs. low-CP boys from lower-middle-class communities). Raine's (Raine & Venables, 1984) social push hypothesis proposes that CP youth from more prosperous communities are more likely to demonstrate biologically-based risk factors for CP (e.g., ADHD) and less likely to be exposed to environmentally-based risk factors. These issues were investigated in two samples of ethnically diverse boys, one that included younger children and another that included adolescents. Children were assigned to groups based on their trajectories of CP and neighborhood SES using Nagin's (1999, 2005) semiparametric group based approach to modeling trajectories. Results revealed weak support for a relationship between children's trajectories of CP and neighborhood SES. Also, children from poorer neighborhoods were consistently found to have greater exposure to environmentally-based CP risk factors than children from more prosperous communities. However, contrary to the social push hypothesis, the results did not generally support the notion that CP youth from more prosperous communities had less exposure to environmentally-based CP risk factors or demonstrate more biologically-based risk factors for CP.
Children's involvement in policy formation

Abstract Involving children in policy is now popular, a recent UK example being the consultation on Every Child Matters. This can be viewed as progress in increasing children's status as stakeholders in policy formation. However, questions remain about the reality of children's engagement and the validity of the methods used to gather, analyse and present their views. We need to protect children from exploitative or tokenistic processes and differentiate between gathering children's views and involving them as partners in policy formation. The former requires greater rigour of methodology. The latter requires moving from short term policy development to a longer term shared engagement enabling powerful adults and children to think collaboratively.
MHD Unsteady Free Convection of Heat and Mass Transfer Flow through Porous Medium with Time Dependent Suction and Constant Heat Source/Sink

: In this paper we have investigated the free convection MHD flow due to heat and mass transfer through porous medium bounded by an infinite vertical non-conducting porous plate with time dependent suction under the influence of uniform transverse magnetic field of strength H0. When Temperature (T) and Concentration (C) at the plate is oscillatory with time about a constant non-zero mean. The velocity distribution, the temperature distribution, co-efficient of skin friction and role of heat transfer is investigated. Here the partial differential equations are involved. Exact solution is not possible so approximate solution is obtained and various graphs are plotted.
On the cultural locus of management theory industry: Perspectives from autocommunication

Abstract During the last century, a whole new ‘industry’ legitimized its locus as more books and articles in more and more magazines and journals offered more ‘new’ concepts and frameworks for the efficient running of organizations. In the article it is suggested that this management theory industry serves a wider cultural call. According to the interpretation presented, the management theory industry feeding the management wisdom of the efficient running of organizations is serving an internal, therapeutic, mission. In this sense, the thousands of studies and writings on the management and efficient running of organizations can be seen as communication not only to others but also to oneself. It is thus suggested that the idea of autocommunication, introduced by the Soviet semiotic Yuri M. Lotman, can be applied when trying to understand why the management theory industry gains its legitimacy again and again even though the promised fundamental changes and reforms of actual working life have remained modest.
Game, sex, and match: the construction of gender in British newspaper coverage of the 2000 Wimbledon Championships.

This study compared British newspaper coverage of female and male tennis players competing in the 2000 Wimbledon Championships. Content analysis methodology was used to compare the amount of coverage in The Times, Daily Mail, and The Sun. Drawing on Connell’s (1987, 1993, 1995) theory of gender power relations, textual analysis was used to examine recurring themes in the gendered coverage and analyze how the themes intersected with race. Although few discrepancies were found in the amount of coverage, qualitative comparisons revealed that the predominantly male journalists generally devalued the athletic achievements of female tennis players by using cultural and racial stereotypes, trivialization, and sexual innuendo. In comparison, the journalists frequently expressed their reverence for male tennis players’ athleticism, reproducing and legitimizing hegemonic masculinity.
Oceanic circumpolar habitats of Antarctic krill

Surveys of Euphausia superba often target localised shelves and ice edges where their growth rates and predation losses are atypically high. Emphasis on these areas has led to the current view that krill require high food concentrations, with a distribution often linked to shelves. For a wider, circumpolar perspective, we compiled all available net-based density data on postlarvae from 8137 mainly summer stations from 1926 to 2004. Unlike Antarctic zooplankton, the distribution of E. superba is highly uneven, with 70% of the total stock concentrated between longitudes 0° and 90°W. Within this Atlantic sector, krill are abundant over both continental shelf and ocean. At the Antarctic Peninsula they are found mainly over the inner shelf, whereas in the Indian–Pacific sectors krill prevail in the ocean within 200 to 300 km of the shelf break. Overall, 87% of the total stock lives over deep oceanic water (>2000 m), and krill occupy regions with moderate food concentrations (0.5 to 1.0 mg chl a m–3). Advection models suggest some northwards loss from these regions and into the low chlorophyll belts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). We found possible evidence for a compensating southwards migration, with an increasing proportion of krill found south of the ACC as the season progresses. The retention of krill in moderately productive oceanic habitats is a key factor in their high total production. While growth rates are lower than over shelves, the ocean provides a refuge from shelf-based predators. The unusual circumpolar distribution of krill thus reflects a balance between advection, migration, top–down and bottom–up processes.
Effect of Prolyl Endopeptidase on Digestive-Resistant Gliadin Peptides in Vivo

Many gluten peptides elicit proliferative responses from T cells from Celiac Sprue patients, influencing the pathogenesis of this small intestinal disorder. These peptides are Pro- and Gln-rich in character, suggesting that resistance to proteolysis promotes their toxicity. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the digestive resistance of a panel of α- and γ-gliadin peptides believed to induce toxicity via diverse mechanisms. Most were highly resistant to gastric and pancreatic protease digestion, but they were digested by intestinal brush-border peptidases. In some instances, there was accumulation of relatively long intermediates. Control peptides from gliadin and myoglobin revealed that digestive resistance depended on factors other than size. Prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) supplementation substantially reduced the concentrations of these peptides. To estimate a pharmacologically useful PEP dose, recombinant PEP was coperfused into rat intestine with the highly digestive-resistant 33-mer peptide LQLQPF(PQPQLPY)3 PQPQPF (PEP: peptide weight ratio 1:50 to 1:5). PEP dosing experiments indicate significant changes in the average residence time. The in vivo benefit of PEP was verified by coperfusion with a mixture of 33-mer and partially proteolyzed gliadin. These data verify and extend our earlier proposal that gliadin peptides, although resistant to proteolysis, can be processed efficiently by PEP supplementation. Indeed, PEP may be able to treat Celiac Sprue by reducing or eliminating such peptides from the intestine.
Zero-Maintenance Disk Arrays

We present a disk array architecture that does not require users to perform any maintenance tasks over the expected lifetime of the array. Preliminary results indicate that the key factor in the feasibility of our design is the failure rate of unused spare disks. As long as these rates remain negligible, zero maintenance disk arrays with at least 77 disks can provide a five-year reliability of five nines (99.999 percent) with a space overhead comparable to that of mirroring. If this is not the case, we would need between 64 and 70 percent extra spare disks to achieve the same five-year reliability, which would result in a higher space overhead.
A single set of low intensity resistance exercise immediately following high intensity resistance exercise stimulates growth hormone secretion in men.

AIM The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of an additional set immediately following high intensity resistance exercise on growth hormone (GH) response. METHODS Subjects (n=8) performed 4 resistance exercise protocols (bilateral knee extension exercise) on separate days. The protocols were categorized into 2 types of protocol, namely "Strength-up type (S-type)" and "Combination type (Combi-type)". The S-type was resistance exercise which consisted of 5 sets at 90% of 1 repetition maximum (RM) with 3-min rest periods between sets, whereas the Combi-type is a training protocol which adds an additional set (either 50% of 1 RM [C50-type], 70% of 1 RM [C70-type] or 90% of 1 RM [C90-type]) to the S-type. Serum GH concentration and blood lactate concentration were determined pre-exercise and at 0-60 min postexercise. Relative changes in thigh girth and maximal unilateral isometric strength were determined pre-exercise and immediately postexercise. RESULTS The increasing values of GH concentration (DGH) in the S-type was the lowest of all protocols. On the other hand, DGH in the C50-type showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher increase than in the S-type and C90-type, and a relatively higher increase than in the C70-type. CONCLUSION These results suggests that a high intensity, low volume training protocol to induce neural adaptation resulted in little GH response, but GH secretion was increased by performing a single set of low intensity resistance exercise at the end of a series of high intensity resistance sets.
The effect of coffee on blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in hypertensive individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND The effect of coffee and caffeine on blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hypertensive persons is uncertain. OBJECTIVE The objective was to summarize the evidence on the acute and longer-term effects of caffeine and coffee intake on BP and on the association between habitual coffee consumption and risk of CVD in hypertensive individuals. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis of publications identified in a PubMed and EMBASE search up to 30 April 2011 was undertaken. Data were extracted from controlled trials on the effect of caffeine or coffee intake on BP change and from cohort studies on the association between habitual coffee consumption and CVD. RESULTS In 5 trials, the administration of 200-300 mg caffeine produced a mean increase of 8.1 mm Hg (95% CI: 5.7, 10.6 mm Hg) in systolic BP and of 5.7 mm Hg (95% CI: 4.1, 7.4 mm Hg) in diastolic BP. The increase in BP was observed in the first hour after caffeine intake and lasted ≥3 h. In 3 studies of the longer-term effect (2 wk) of coffee, no increase in BP was observed after coffee was compared with a caffeine-free diet or was compared with decaffeinated coffee. Last, 7 cohort studies found no evidence of an association between habitual coffee consumption and a higher risk of CVD. CONCLUSIONS In hypertensive individuals, caffeine intake produces an acute increase in BP for ≥3 h. However, current evidence does not support an association between longer-term coffee consumption and increased BP or between habitual coffee consumption and an increased risk of CVD in hypertensive subjects.
Invented Worlds: The Psychology of the Arts

Introduction: The Puzzle of Art 1. Personality and Intellect 1. The Artist 2. The Audience 2. Painting 3. What's in a Picture? 4. The Untutored Eye? 5. The Development of Drawing 3. Music 6. The Sounds of Music 7. The Innovent Ear 8. The Birth of Song 4. Literature 9. The Literary Experience 10. Once upon a Time 11. First Drafts 5. Art and Abnormality 12. The Damaged Brain 13. Mental Illness Epilogue: Solving the Puzzle of Art Illustration Sources References Index