Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploiting the physical layer for enhanced security [Security and Privacy in Emerging Wireless Networks]

While conventional cryptographic security mechanisms are essential to the overall problem of securing wireless networks, they do not directly leverage the unique properties of the wireless domain to address security threats. The wireless medium is a powerful source of domain-specific information that can complement and enhance traditional security mechanisms. In this article we argue that new security paradigms which exploit physical layer properties of the wireless medium, such as the rapid spatial, spectral, and temporal decorrelation properties of the radio channel, can enhance confidentiality and authentication services. We outline some basic constructions for these services, and then provide a case study for how such strategies can be integrated into a broader security framework for a wireless network.
DyNet: The Dynamic Neural Network Toolkit

We describe DyNet, a toolkit for implementing neural network models based on dynamic declaration of network structure. In the static declaration strategy that is used in toolkits like Theano, CNTK, and TensorFlow, the user first defines a computation graph (a symbolic representation of the computation), and then examples are fed into an engine that executes this computation and computes its derivatives. In DyNet's dynamic declaration strategy, computation graph construction is mostly transparent, being implicitly constructed by executing procedural code that computes the network outputs, and the user is free to use different network structures for each input. Dynamic declaration thus facilitates the implementation of more complicated network architectures, and DyNet is specifically designed to allow users to implement their models in a way that is idiomatic in their preferred programming language (C++ or Python). One challenge with dynamic declaration is that because the symbolic computation graph is defined anew for every training example, its construction must have low overhead. To achieve this, DyNet has an optimized C++ backend and lightweight graph representation. Experiments show that DyNet's speeds are faster than or comparable with static declaration toolkits, and significantly faster than Chainer, another dynamic declaration toolkit. DyNet is released open-source under the Apache 2.0 license and available at this http URL.
Bounds and Inequalities Relating h-Index, g-Index, e-Index and Generalized Impact Factor: An Improvement over Existing Models

In this paper, we describe some bounds and inequalities relating -index, -index, -index, and generalized impact factor. We derive the bounds and inequalities relating these indexing parameters from their basic definitions and without assuming any continuous model to be followed by any of them. We verify the theorems using citation data for five Price Medalists. We observe that the lower bound for -index given by Theorem 2, , comes out to be more accurate as compared to Schubert-Glanzel relation for a proportionality constant of , where is the number of citations and is the number of papers referenced. Also, the values of -index obtained using Theorem 2 outperform those obtained using Egghe-Liang-Rousseau power law model for the given citation data of Price Medalists. Further, we computed the values of upper bound on -index given by Theorem 3, , where denotes the value of -index. We observe that the upper bound on -index given by Theorem 3 is reasonably tight for the given citation record of Price Medalists.
mRNA Transport in Dendrites: RNA Granules, Motors, and Tracks

The targeting of mRNAs to neuronal dendrites is an important protein sorting mechanism. Recent studies have revealed that mRNAs are transported by molecular motors. The kinesin superfamily protein KIF5 transports mRNAs such as calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) and Arc mRNAs along microtubules in large granules containing proteins involved in RNA transport, protein synthesis, RNA helicases, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), and RNA-associated proteins. This transport is fundamental to local protein synthesis and to the regulation of neuronal function.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Is Involved in Outside-In Signaling in Endothelial Cells

Abstract— Not all of the cardiovascular effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors can be attributed to changes in angiotensin II and bradykinin levels. Because the cytoplasmic tail of ACE is phosphorylated, we determined whether ACE inhibitors affect the phosphorylation of ACE and whether ACE possesses the characteristics of a signal transduction molecule. The ACE inhibitors ramiprilat and perindoprilat, and the substrate bradykinin (but not angiotensin I), enhanced the activity of ACE-associated CK2 and the phosphorylation of ACE Ser1270 in cultured endothelial cells. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) coprecipitated with ACE, and stimulation of endothelial cells with ACE inhibitors increased the activity of ACE-associated JNK and elicited the accumulation of phosphorylated c-Jun in the nucleus. Ramiprilat was however unable to activate JNK or to stimulate the nuclear accumulation of c-Jun in endothelial cells expressing a S1270A ACE mutant or in ACE-deficient cells. Because the ACE inhibitor–induced increase in ACE expression has been linked to the formation of c-Jun homodimers, we investigated whether ACE signaling via JNK contributes to this response in vitro and in vivo. Prolonged ramiprilat treatment increased ACE expression in primary cultures of human endothelial cells and in vivo (mouse lung), a response that was prevented by pretreatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Thus, ACE is involved in outside-in signaling in endothelial cells and “ACE signaling” may be an important cellular mechanism contributing to the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors.
Scalar Speed Control of a dq Induction Motor Model Using Fuzzy Logic Controller

This paper presents a rule-based fuzzy logic controller applied to a scalar closed loop Volts/Hz induction motor (IM) control with slip regulation and its simulation results. They are also compared with those of a PI controller. The IM is modeled in terms of dqwindings, with synchronous frame associated with the frequency ωs of the stator excitation. The results obtained in the simulation are interesting, considering the presence of strong non-linearities in the IM model.
A Pairwise Naïve Bayes Approach to Bayesian Classification

Despite the relatively high accuracy of the naïve Bayes (NB) classifier, there may be several instances where it is not optimal, i.e. does not have the same classification performance as the Bayes classifier utilizing the joint distribution of the examined attributes. However, the Bayes classifier can be computationally intractable due to its required knowledge of the joint distribution. Therefore, we introduce a "pairwise naïve" Bayes (PNB) classifier that incorporates all pairwise relationships among the examined attributes, but does not require specification of the joint distribution. In this paper, we first describe the necessary and sufficient conditions under which the PNB classifier is optimal. We then discuss sufficient conditions for which the PNB classifier, and not NB, is optimal for normal attributes. Through simulation and actual studies, we evaluate the performance of our proposed classifier relative to the Bayes and NB classifiers, along with the HNB, AODE, LBR and TAN classifiers, using normal density and empirical estimation methods. Our applications show that the PNB classifier using normal density estimation yields the highest accuracy for data sets containing continuous attributes. We conclude that it offers a useful compromise between the Bayes and NB classifiers.
The linguistics of schizophrenia: thought disturbance as language pathology across positive symptoms

We hypothesize that linguistic (dis-)organization in the schizophrenic brain plays a more central role in the pathogenesis of this disease than commonly supposed. Against the standard view, that schizophrenia is a disturbance of thought or selfhood, we argue that the origins of the relevant forms of thought and selfhood at least partially depend on language. The view that they do not is premised by a theoretical conception of language that we here identify as ‘Cartesian’ and contrast with a recent ‘un-Cartesian’ model. This linguistic model empirically argues for both (i) a one-to-one correlation between human-specific thought or meaning and forms of grammatical organization, and (ii) an integrative and co-dependent view of linguistic cognition and its sensory-motor dimensions. Core dimensions of meaning mediated by grammar on this model specifically concern forms of referential and propositional meaning. A breakdown of these is virtually definitional of core symptoms. Within this model the three main positive symptoms of schizophrenia fall into place as failures in language-mediated forms of meaning, manifest either as a disorder of speech perception (Auditory Verbal Hallucinations), abnormal speech production running without feedback control (Formal Thought Disorder), or production of abnormal linguistic content (Delusions). Our hypothesis makes testable predictions for the language profile of schizophrenia across symptoms; it simplifies the cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia while not being inconsistent with a pattern of neurocognitive deficits and their correlations with symptoms; and it predicts persistent findings on disturbances of language-related circuitry in the schizophrenic brain.
Glucose Prediction in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients Using Data Driven Techniques

Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood glucose concentrations resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both [American Diabetes Association, 2008a]. Diabetes has been classified into two major categories, namely, type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes, which accounts for only 5-10% of those with diabetes, is caused by the cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing β-cells in the pancreas leading to absolute insulin deficiency. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes is a more prevalent category (i.e. accounts for ~90-95% of those with diabetes) and is a combination of resistance to insulin action and an inadequate compensatory insulin secretion. The chronic hypergycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term microvascular (diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy) and macrovascular (coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke) complications. Diabetes treatment requires the control of clinical and non-clinical variables affecting the blood glucose metabolism [American Diabetes Association, 2008b]. It is widely recognized that the tight glycemic control can prevent or reduce the progress of many long-term complications of diabetes. However, a major limiting factor in the glycemic management of type 1 and insulin treated type 2 diabetes is hypoglycemia, which is the condition where the blood glucose is much lower than normal levels. Thus, for most patients with type 1 diabetes, either using multiple insulin injections or insulin pump therapy, self-monitoring of blood glucose should be carried out three or more times a day, whereas, for patients using less frequent insulin injections or non-insulin therapies, the self-monitoring of blood glucose could be useful in achieving their glycemic targets. Recently, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have been developed which provide many significant benefits in diabetes management, especially for those patients with hypoglycaemia unawareness. Moreover, diabetes control further necessitates the monitoring and analysis of patient’s contextual information, such as medication, diet, physical activity and his overall lifestyle. For instance, in type 1 diabetic patients, exercise can cause hypoglycemia in the case where the medication dose or the carbohydrate consumption is not altered. In addition to the general guidelines that the patient follows during his daily life, several diabetes management systems have been proposed to further assist the patient in the selfmanagement of the disease. One of the most essential components of a diabetes
Thyroid metastases from a breast cancer diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Case report and overview of the literature.

AIM Intrathyroid metastases are uncommon in cytology practice. We report a case of metastatic lesion in the thyroid from breast carcinoma which was recognized in a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and confirmed by immunohistopathology. In addition, we provide an overview of the literature describing similar cases. STUDY DESIGN The patient was a 54-year old woman with a large, multinodular goiter and bilaterally enlarged lymph nodes in the supraclavicular areas. Fourteen years earlier she had undergone radical mastectomy followed by chemio- and radiotherapy due to a breast carcinoma. RESULTS FNA of the thyroid nodules showed a metastatic breast carcinoma and was followed by total strumectomy and lymphadenectomy. Histological reassessment of the surgical thyroid specimens as well as the neck lymph nodes revealed multiple breast metastases. This was strongly confirmed by immunohistochemical examinations, which revealed a positive staining for: CKMNF 116, CK7, CEA as well as for ER, PgR and HER2, and a negative staining for: CK20, thyroglobulin, TTF1, calcitonin, and chromogranin. CONCLUSION Every new aggregate in the thyroid in patients with even a long-term history of cancer should be considered as potentially metastatic until proved otherwise. FNA could be helpful in the diagnosis of thyroid metastatic lesion, but it should be confirmed by immunohistopathology.
An approach for calculating the failure loads of unprotected concrete filled steel columns exposed to fire

This paper deals with the development of an approach for evaluating the squash load and rigidity of unprotected concrete filled steel columns at elevated temperatures. The current approach of evaluating these properties is reviewed. It is shown that with a non-uniform temperature distribution, over the composite cross-section, the calculations for the squash load and rigidity are tedious in the current method. A simplified approach is proposed to evaluate the temperature distribution, squash load, and rigidity of composite columns. This approach is based on the model in Eurocode 4 and can conveniently be used to calculate the resistance to axial compression of a concrete filled steel column for any fire resistance time. The accuracy of the proposed approach is assessed by comparing the predicted strengths against the results of fire tests on concrete filled circular and square steel columns. The applicability of the proposed approach to a design situation is illustrated through a numerical example.
Respiratory immunity stimulated by intestinal immunization with purified nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae antigens.

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is the organism most commonly associated with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis [1]. An oral vaccine consisting of a killed preparation of nontypeable H. influenzae has been shown to be effective in reducing the frequency of these acute episodes [2]. However, the mechanism of action of the vaccine remains elusive. We have developed an animal model of the clearance of nontypeable H. influenzae with which to evaluate the protective role of the vaccine [3, 4]. Stimulation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue with killed bacteria was able to promote bacterial clearance in the lungs. Several studies involving experimental rat models of H. influenzae type b (Hib) infections have shown that antibody to outer membrane proteins (OMPs), in particular PI, P2, and P6, can be protective [5-7]. With the exception of studies using isolated fimbrial proteins [8] and whole OMP [9], immunity to nontypeable H. influenzae after immunization with purified antigens has not been addressed. Our aim was to evaluate the role of PI, P2, and P6 in stimulating respiratory immunity to infection with nontypeable H. influenzae and thus assess their potential role in vaccine development.
Exploratory Study of Ovarian Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Purpose: This was an exploratory study to test two hypotheses related to potential epithelial precursors to ovarian cancer: (a) histologically normal ovarian surface epithelium exhibited changes in the nuclear chromatin pattern, which indicate an ovarian abnormality, and (b) such changes were detectable in the ovarian surface epithelium of cancer-free subjects who were at high risk for ovarian cancer. Experimental Design: Ovaries were carefully collected to avoid damage to the surface epithelium. Five-micron-thick histologic sections were cut and stained with H&E. High-resolution images were recorded from the ovarian surface epithelium and from the underlying stroma of ovaries from normal women (10 cases), women at high risk of developing ovarian cancer (7 cases), and histologically normal areas adjacent to ovarian cancer (3 cases). Karyometric features and measurements of nuclear abnormality were computed for 3,390 epithelial nuclei. Discriminant function analyses and unsupervised learning algorithms were employed to define deviations from normal and to identify the subpopulations of nuclei exhibiting these changes. Results: Epithelium from ovaries harboring a malignant lesion had changes in the nuclear chromatin pattern consistent with a second phenotype, which were not visually detected with histopathologic surveillance. This phenotype was also present in the ovaries obtained from women at increased risk of ovarian cancer, suggesting that it may represent a premalignant abnormality. These changes were statistically significant. Conclusion: The observed changes in karyometric features were sufficiently distinct to warrant further study as both diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for early detection and prevention of ovarian cancer.
The correlation between internal erosion resistances with the hydraulic conductivity of residual soil

Soil physical properties, internal erosion resistance and hydraulic conductivity characteristics of a residual soil are presented in this paper. Hydraulic conductivity of underground soil can influence mechanism of internal erosion resistance and thus contribute to landslides. A randomly eight (8) selected soil samples were extracted from soil slopes within UiTM, Shah Alam Campus in which the samples are different in nature. Compaction test has been applied to all the samples in order to measure the value of Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and maximum dry density, which will give a fair result in comparison of all disturb (remoulded) samples used in determining the hydraulic conductivity by using Falling Head test. It is found that the coefficient of permeability is influenced by the classification of soil, maximum dry density and OMC of soil. A pinhole test, crumb test and cylinder dispersion test were conducted to investigate the soil dispersibility characteristic. The results shows that the soil dispersibility characteristics are clearly determined and it shows in good agreement with the hydraulic conductivity of the compacted soil. This indicates that the soil samples with higher composition of coarse-grained particles have higher dispersibility and hydraulic conductivity that lead to lower resistance to internal erosion.
Voltage-dependent regulation of modal gating in the rat SkM1 sodium channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes

The TTX-sensitive rat skeletal muscle sodium channel (rSkM1) exhibits two modes of inactivation (fast vs slow) when the alpha subunit is expressed alone in Xenopus oocytes. In this study, two components are found in the voltage dependence of normalized current inactivation, one having a V1/2 in the expected voltage range (approximately -50 mV, I(N)) and the other with a more hyperpolarized V1/2 (approximately -130 mV, IH) at a holding potential of -90 mV. The I(N) component is associated with the gating mode having rapid inactivation and recovery from inactivation of the macroscopic current (N-mode), while IH corresponds to the slow inactivation and recovery mode (H-mode). These two components are interconvertible and their relative contribution to the total current varies with the holding potential: I(N) is favored by hyperpolarization. The interconversion between the two modes is voltage dependent and is well fit to a first-order two-state model with a voltage dependence of e-fold/8.6 mV and a V1/2 of -62 mV. When the rat sodium channel beta 1-subunit is coinjected with rSkM1, IH is essentially eliminated and the inactivation kinetics of macroscopic current becomes rapid. These two current components and their associated gating modes may represent two conformations of the alpha subunit, one of which can be stabilized either by hyperpolarization or by binding of the beta 1 subunit.
Racing to the Bottom? Trade, Environmental Governance, and ISO 14001

Globalization critics argue that international trade spurs a race to the bottom among national environmental standards. ISO 14001 is the most widely adopted voluntary environmental regulation which encourages firms to take environmental action beyond what domestic government regulations require. Drawing on a panel study of 108 countries over seven years, we investigate conditions under which trade linkages can encourage ISO 14001 adoption, thereby countering environmental races to the bottom. We find that trade linkages encourage ISO 14001 adoption if countries' major export markets have adopted this voluntary regulation.
TOPOLOGICAL AND GEOMETRIC METHODS IN QFT

These notes were taken at the NSF-CBMS conference on topological and geometric Methods in QFT at Montana State University in summer 2017. Most of the lectures were given by Dan Freed. I live-TEXed these notes using vim, and as such there may be typos; please send questions, comments, complaints, and corrections to a.debray@math.utexas. edu; any mistakes in the notes are my own. Thanks to Nilay Kumar for most of the figures.
Changes in bone density and bone markers in rhythmic gymnasts and ballet dancers: implications for puberty and leptin levels.

OBJECTIVE Our aim was to compare physical activity and biochemical markers with bone mineral acquisition in rhythmic gymnasts and ballet dancers. METHODS Weight, height, body mass index, nutritional intake, bone age and menstrual histories were analyzed in nine rhythmic gymnasts, twelve ballet dancers and fourteen controls. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine, hip and radius. Bone alkaline phosphatase (bAP) and amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen I (PNIP) in serum and urinary alpha-isomer of the carboxy-terminal telopeptide of collagen I (alpha-CTX) were measured. RESULTS Bone age was delayed 2 years and mean age at menarche was 15+/-0.9 years in rhythmic gymnasts and 13.7+/-1 years in ballet dancers, compared with 12.5+/-1 years in controls. Trocanteric and femoral neck BMD was significantly higher in rhythmic gymnasts compared with ballet dancers and controls. Right forearm (non-loaded zone) BMD was significantly decreased in rhythmic gymnasts and ballet dancers compared with controls. All subjects had normal bAP and PNIP levels, but the alpha-CTX/creatinine (Cr) ratio was increased in rhythmic gymnasts (P<0.001) with an inverse correlation between right forearm BMD and the alpha-CTX/Cr ratio (r=-0.74, P<0.001). Serum leptin levels were decreased in rhythmic gymnasts and ballet dancers. Rhythmic gymnasts had a positive correlation between right forearm BMD and leptin levels (r=0.85, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Decreased bone mass in rhythmic gymnasts could be partially explained by an increase in bone resorption. Serum leptin levels could be implicated in the pubertal delay and be a good marker of bone mass in these subjects.