Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Body Weight and Health from Early to Mid-Adulthood

We analyze the influence of body weight in early adulthood, and changes in weight over time, on self-rated health as people age into middle adulthood. While prior research has focused on cross-sectional samples of older adults, we use longitudinal data from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study and double-trajectory latent growth models to study the association between body mass index (BMI) and self-rated health trajectories over 20 years. Results indicate that high BMI in early adulthood and gaining more weight over time are both associated with a faster decline in health ratings. Among white women only, those with a higher BMI at the baseline also report lower initial self-rated health. A small part of the weight-health association is due to sociodemographic factors, but not baseline health behaviors or medical conditions. The findings provide new support for the cumulative disadvantage perspective, documenting the increasing health inequalities in a cohort of young adults.
Outcome predictors for surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis

Purpose: To study long‐term postoperative course and identify predictors for postoperative seizure control in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS), diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ascertained histopathologically. To compare patients becoming seizure‐free (i.e., cured from epilepsy) and patients experiencing prolonged seizure‐free periods interposed with recurring seizures.
Total Variation Bayesian Learning via Synthesis

This paper presents a sparse Bayesian learning algorithm for inverse problems in signal and image processing with a total variation (TV) sparsity prior. Because of the prior used, and the fact that the prior parameters are estimated directly from the data, sparse Bayesian learning often produces more accurate results than the typical maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimates for sparse signal recovery. It also provides a full posterior distribution. However, sparse Bayesian learning is only available to problems with a direct sparsity prior or those formed via synthesis. This paper demonstrates how a problem with a TV sparsity prior can be formulated in a synthesis approach. We then develop a method that combines this synthesis-based TV with the sparse Bayesian learning algorithm and provide numerical examples to demonstrate how our new technique is effectively employed.
Profiling, Exploiting, and Countering Psychological Characteristics in Talent Identification and Development

The importance of psychological characteristics as positive precursors of talent development is acknowledged in literature. Unfortunately, there has been little consideration of the “darker” side of the human psyche. It may be that an inappropriate emphasis on positive characteristics may limit progress. Negative characteristics may also imply derailment or the potential for problems. A comprehensive evaluation of developing performers should cater for positive dual effect and negative characteristics so that these may be exploited and moderated appropriately. An integrated and dynamic system, with a holistic integration of clinical and sport psychology, is offered as an essential element of development systems.
PEM Fuel Cell Stack Modeling for Real-Time Emulation in Hardware-in-the-Loop Applications

In this paper, a multiphysical proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack model, which is suitable for real-time emulation is presented. The model covers three physical domains: electrical, fluidic, and thermal. A Ballard 1.2 kW 47 cells fuel cell stack model is introduced. The corresponding fuel cell system auxiliary models are given based on experimental tests. Based on the modeling equations, the fuel cell dynamic phenomena in different physical domains are analyzed and the corresponding time constant expressions are given. Using the real-time stack model, a fuel cell stack emulator based on a buck converter is used to emulate the fuel cell stack electrical part. The experimental results show that the emulator can reproduce the real-stack behavior with a great agreement. Such a fuel cell stack emulator can be used for hardware-in-the-loop applications, in order to test and validate the fuel cell system design.
I'm are what I'm are: The acquisition of first-person singular present BE

Abstract The present study investigates the development of am in the speech of one English-speaking child, Scarlett (aged 4;6–5;6). We show that am is infrequent in the speech addressed to children; the acquisition of this form of BE presents a unique insight into the processes underlying language development because children have little evidence regarding its correct use. Scarlett produced a pervasive error where she overextended are to first-person singular contexts where am was required (e.g., I'm are trying, When are I'm finished? ). Am gradually emerged in her speech on what appears to be a construction-specific basis. The findings of the study are used in support of a usage-based, constructivisit approach to language development.
SIN-1, a Nitric Oxide Donor, Ameliorates Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Lewis Rats in the Incipient Phase: The Importance of the Time Window1

NO is involved in the regulation of immune responses. The role of NO in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is controversial. In this study, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), an NO donor, was administered to Lewis rats on days 5–7 postimmunization, i.e., during the incipient phase of EAE. SIN-1 reduced clinical signs of EAE compared with those in PBS-treated control rats and was accompanied by reduced ED1+ macrophages and CD4+ T cell infiltration within the CNS. Blood mononuclear cells (MNC) obtained on day 14 postimmunization revealed that SIN-1 administration enhanced NO and IFN-γ production by blood MNC and suppressed Ag- and mitogen-induced proliferative responses. MHC class II, B7-1 and B7-2 were down-regulated in SIN-1-treated EAE rats. Simultaneously, frequencies of apoptotic cells among blood MNC were increased. In vivo, SIN-1 is likely to behave as an NO donor. Administration of SIN-1 induced NO production, but did not affect superoxide and peroxynitrite formation. Enhanced NO production during the priming phase of EAE thus promotes apoptosis, down-regulates disease-promoting immune reactivities, and ameliorates clinical EAE, mainly through SIN-1-derived NO, without depending on NO synthase.
Stein Variational Adaptive Importance Sampling

We propose a novel adaptive importance sampling algorithm which incorporates Stein variational gradient decent algorithm (SVGD) with importance sampling (IS). Our algorithm leverages the nonparametric transforms in SVGD to iteratively decrease the KL divergence between our importance proposal and the target distribution. The advantages of this algorithm are twofold: first, our algorithm turns SVGD into a standard IS algorithm, allowing us to use standard diagnostic and analytic tools of IS to evaluate and interpret the results; second, we do not restrict the choice of our importance proposal to predefined distribution families like traditional (adaptive) IS methods. Empirical experiments demonstrate that our algorithm performs well on evaluating partition functions of restricted Boltzmann machines and testing likelihood of variational auto-encoders.
Effects of Ringed Structures and Dust Size Growth on Millimeter Observations of Protoplanetary Disks

The growth of solids from submicron to millimeter and centimeter sizes is the early step toward the formation of planets inside protoplanetary disks (PPDs). However, such processes and their potential impact on the later stages of solid growth are still poorly understood. In this work, we test the hypothesis that most disks contain at least one ringed structure with a relatively small radius. We have carried out a large family of 1D two-fluid (gas+dust) hydrodynamical simulations by evolving the gas and dust motion self-consistently while allowing dust size to evolve via coagulation and fragmentation. We investigate the joint effects of ringed structures and dust size growth on the overall submillimeter and millimeter flux and spectral index of PPDs. Ringed structures slow down the dust radial drift and speed up the dust growth. In particular, we find that those unresolved disks with a high fragmentation velocity (∼10 m s−1) and a high dust surface density (∼10 g cm−2 in the ring) can have millimeter spectral indices as low as ∼2.0, consistent with millimeter observations of faint disks in nearby star-forming regions. Furthermore, disks with more than one ringed structure can potentially reproduce brighter disks with spectral indices lower than ∼2.5. Future multiwavelength high-resolution observations of these low-spectral-index sources can be used to test the existence of the ringed structures in the unresolved disks and differentiate the effects of dust size growth from optical depth.
The essential practitioner's handbook of personal construct psychology

About the Editor. International Advisory Panel. List of Contributors. Preface. Acknowledgements. Section I: What Personal Construct Psychology Is All About. Chapter 1: George Alexander Kelly: The Man and his Theory (Fay Fransella and Robert A. Neimeyer). Chapter 2: The Logic of Passion (Don Bannister). Chapter 3: The Power of a Good Theory (Sean Brophy, Fay Fransella and Nick Reed). Section II: What Are Some of PCP's Techniques? Chapter 4: Some Skills and Tools for Personal Construct Users (Fay Fransella). Chapter 5: A Range of Elicitation Methods to Suit Client and Purpose (Pam Denicolo). Chapter 6: The Repertory Grid Technique (Richard C. Bell). Chapter 7: Making Sense of Dependency (Beverly M. Walker). Chapter 8: Expertise and Expert Systems: Emulating Psychological Processes (Mildred L.G. Shaw and Brian R. Gaines). Chapter 9: From Theory to Research to Change (Fay Fransella). Section III: How Can PCP Help Us to Understand People or Help Them to Change? Part 1: Working with the Individual or Individuals in Small Groups. Chapter 10: Is Treatment a Good Idea? (George A. Kelly). Chapter 11: An Audacious Adventure: Personal Construct Counselling and Psychotherapy (Franz R. Epting, Marco Gemignani and Malcolm C. Cross). Chapter 12: The Evidence Base for Personal Construct Psychotherapy (David Winter). Chapter 13: Constructive Intervention with Children when Presented as Problems (Tom Ravenette). Chapter 14: How Can We Understand One Another if We Don't Speak the Same Language? (Devi Jankowicz). Chapter 15: Working with Anger (Peter Cummins). Chapter 16: An Approach to Post-Traumatic Stress (Kenneth W. Sewell). Chapter 17.1: Nursing (Julie M. Ellis, Jacqui Costigan and Julie Watkinson). Chapter 17.2: Family Therapy (Harry Procter). Chapter 17.3: The Metropolitan Police, London: A Personal Account (John Porter). Chapter 17.4 :A Sporting Use of Personal Construct Psychology (David Savage). Chapter 17.5: Artificial Intelligence (Jack Adams-Webber). Part 2: Working with Large Groups of People. Chapter 18: Construing Teaching and Teacher Education Worldwide (Maureen Pope). Chapter 19: Making Sense of the 'Group Mind' (Adrian Robertson). Chapter 20: Charting Organizational Change (Nelarine Cornelius). Chapter 21: Clarifying Corporate Values: A Case Study (Sean Brophy). Section IV: Where Might Personal Construct Psychology Be Going Now? Chapter 22: Personal Construct Psychotherapy and the Constructivist Horizon (Robert A. Neimeyer and Scott A. Baldwin). Chapter 23: New Avenues to Explore and Questions to Ask (Fay Fransella). Appendix 1: Theoretical Definitions. Appendix 2: Some Basic Books on Personal Construct Psychology. Appendix 3: Internet Resources for Personal Construct Psychology (Brian R. Gaines). References. Index.
Posterior nasal septal abscess in a healthy adult patient

Abstract Objective: We report an extremely rare case of bilateral posterior nasal septal abscess in an otherwise healthy adult patient. Method: Case report and a review of the world literature concerning atraumatic nasal septal abscess and its management. Results: The development of an atraumatic nasal septal abscess is rare, but it has been reported in association with acute sinusitis, in patients with poor immunity and in children. The presentation, clinical course and treatment are discussed in the presented patient. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report in the world literature of a bilateral posterior septal abscess associated with acute sinusitis in an otherwise healthy adult.
Quantitative exploration of the molecular origin of the activation of GTPase

Significance The origin of the activation of GTPases is explored considering the evidence that the transition state for the reference solution reaction involves a proton transfer between two water molecules. Ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical–based calibration of empirical valence bond surfaces of the solution reaction is used to simulate the GTPase activation process. The activation is found to reflect the same type of electrostatic stabilization obtained previously for the single water mechanism. The transition state proton transfer step does not appear to be rate limiting and thus is irrelevant to the catalytic effect. The calculated activation of RasGAP and EF-Tu reproduce the observed trend quantitatively and establishes its allosteric origin. We believe that our finding is general to all GTPases. GTPases play a major role in cellular processes, and gaining quantitative understanding of their activation demands reliable free energy surfaces of the relevant mechanistic paths in solution, as well as the interpolation of this information to GTPases. Recently, we generated ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical free energy surfaces for the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters in solution, establishing quantitatively that the barrier for the reactions with a proton transfer (PT) step from a single attacking water (1W) is higher than the one where the PT is assisted by a second water (2W). The implication of this finding on the activation of GTPases is quantified here, by using the ab initio solution surfaces to calibrate empirical valence bond surfaces and then exploring the origin of the activation effect. It is found that, although the 2W PT path is a new element, this step is not rate determining, and the catalytic effect is actually due to the electrostatic stabilization of the pre-PT transition state and the subsequent plateau. Thus, the electrostatic catalytic effect found in our previous studies of the Ras GTPase activating protein (RasGAP) and the elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu) with a 1W mechanism is still valid for the 2W path. Furthermore, as found before, the corresponding activation appears to involve a major allosteric effect. Overall, we believe that our finding is general to both GTPases and ATPases. In addition to the biologically relevant finding, we also provide a critical discussion of the requirements from reliable surfaces for enzymatic reactions.
“Cultural” Concepts and the Language‐Culture Nexus1

Events of language use mediate human sociality. Such semiotic occasions develop, sustain, or transform at least part—some have argued the greater part—of people's conceptualizations of their universe. Reserving the term cultural concepts for such sociocentric aspects of human cognition, this article sketches linguistic anthropology's methods for discovering truly cultural conceptualizations, illustrated at the polar extremes of ritual efficacy (Christianity's Eucharistic liturgy) and of everyday conversational language games. Knowledge schemata structuring cultural concepts, here termed ‐onomic knowledge, turn out to be “in play” in interaction, made relevant to it as interactants use verbal and perilinguistic signs in the work of aligning as relationally identifiable kinds of persons. In interactional experience, ‐onomic knowledge anchoring cultural concepts is always implicit and is even sometimes part of largely abstract cultural patterns only indirectly experienceable by people such as the cultural “edibility” of fauna in Thai villagers' cultural concept invoked by use of terms denoting animals. Furthermore, beyond unique micro‐contextual occasions of interaction, one discerns a macro‐sociology of ‐onomic knowledge. Privileged ritual sites of usage anchor such a multiplex social formation; their emanations constitute power—frequently politicoeconomic— to warrant or license usage of particular verbal forms (e.g., American English “wine‐talk” register) with particular meanings germane to certain interested ends of self‐ and other‐alignment, closing the circle of analysis.
One-Year Predictive Validity of New and Revised Conceptual Language Measurement

This study examined the 1-year predictive validity of several new and revised conceptual language measures. Seventy-five preschool children were administered the Boehm-PV or Boehm-R, the Bracken Basic Concept Scale (BBCS), and the PPVT-R. The K-ABC Achievement Scale (K-ABC ACH) and Metropolitan Readiness Tests (MRT) Pre-Reading Skills Composites were administered 1 year later and utilized as criterion measures of achievement. All of the conceptual language measures correlated significantly (p < .01) with the K-ABC ACH and MRT composites over a 1-year period. Children found the K-ABC ACH significantly more difficult (p < .001) than the MRT. Comparison of the K-ABC ACH and MRT resulted in a correlation of . 49 (24% shared variance), which suggests that the tests are measuring somewhat different aspects of school-related achievement. Implications and recommendations are discussed.
MOCCA-SURVEY Database I. Intermediate mass black holes in Milky Way globular clusters and their connection to supermassive black holes

In this paper we explore the interplay between intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) and their nursing globular clusters (GCs), taking advantage of over 2000 Monte Carlo GC models. We find that the average density of IMBHs sphere of influence can be uniquely connected to the host GCs luminosity and half-light radius via a fundamental plane. We propose a statistical approach to systematically identify potential Galactic GCs harbouring either an IMBH or a massive subsystem comprised of stellar BHs. Our models show that the IMBH is often bound to a stellar companion or a stellar BH, which can lead to tidal disruption events or to low-frequency gravitational waves. We show that GCs orbiting close to the Galactic Centre have a larger probability to witness IMBH formation during their early evolution. These low-orbit GCs can deliver several IMBHs into the galaxy innermost regions, with potential impact on both electromagnetic and GW emission. We discuss potential connections between IMBHs and SMBHs inhabiting galactic nuclei, exploring the possibility that in some cases they share similar formation pathways.
Is ZD7288 a selective blocker of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel currents?

ZD7288 has been widely used as a tool in the study of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN channels), and to test the relationships between HCN channels and heart and brain function. ZD7288 is widely considered a selective blocker of HCN currents. Here we show that ZD7288 inhibits not only HCN channel currents, but also Na+ currents in DRG neurons and ZD7288 was confirmed to inhibit Na+ current in HEK293 cells transfected with Nav1.4 plasmids. Thus our findings challenge the view that ZD7288 is a selective blocker of HCN channels. Conclusions about the role of NCN channels in neuronal function should be re-evaluated if based exclusively on the effect of ZD7288.
Impairment of erectile function after elective repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm

The purpose of the present study was to compare the functional change of erectile dysfunction after endovascular repair (EVAR) and open repair (OR) of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Between April 2009 and December 2011, male patients admitted for elective treatment of an asymptomatic infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm were included. The erectile function was evaluated by using a validated KEED questionnaire. All patients filled out the questionnaire preoperatively and postoperatively after one year. The number of patients with an increase of erectile dysfunction was 8 (26.6%) to 16 (53.3%) in open repair group vs. 30 (42.6%) to 40 (58.8%) in endovascular aneurysm repair. There was no statistically significant difference between open repair and endovascular aneurysm repair groups in order of new incidence of erectile dysfunction (p = 0.412). The study showed an increase in the mean value of Erectile Dysfunction -Score postoperatively in both the groups as well. The present study showed an increase of erectile dysfunction postoperatively, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.
Evidence of divergence with duration of residence in circulatory disease mortality in migrants to Australia.

BACKGROUND Very little is known about how acculturation affects health in different societal settings. Using duration of residence, this study investigates acculturation and circulatory disease mortality among migrants in Australia. METHODS Data from death records, 1998-2002, and from 2001 Census data were extracted for seven migrant groups [New Zealand; United Kingdom (UK)/Ireland; Germany; Greece; Italy; China/Singapore/Malaysia/Vietnam (East Asia); and India/Sri Lanka (South Asia)] aged 45-64 years. Poisson regression models were fitted to estimate the duration of residence effect (categorized in 5-year bands and also as having arrived 2-16, 17-31 and 32 years ago or more), adjusted for sex, 5-year age group and year of death, then additionally for occupational class and marital status (SES) on relative risks (RR) of CVD mortality. RESULTS Compared with the Australia-born population, CVD mortality was generally lower in each migrant group. Decreasing mortality with increasing duration of residence was observed for migrants from New Zealand (RR 0.95, 95% Confidence Interval 0.92-0.98, P<0.01, per 5-year increase), Greece (0.90, 0.86-0.94, P<0.01), Italy (0.94, 0.91-0.97, P<0.01) and South Asia (0.95, 0.91-0.99, P<0.01), mainly in older age groups. Trends remained after SES adjustment and also when broader categories of duration of residence were used. CVD mortality among migrants from the UK/Ireland appeared to converge towards those of the Australian-born. CONCLUSIONS These results show divergence in CVD mortality compared with the Australian rate for New Zealanders, Greeks, Italians and South Asians. Sustained cardio-protective behavioural practices in the Australian setting is a potential explanation.
Capturing Nonlinear Structure in Word Spaces through Dimensionality Reduction

Dimensionality reduction has been shown to improve processing and information extraction from high dimensional data. Word space algorithms typically employ linear reduction techniques that assume the space is Euclidean. We investigate the effects of extracting nonlinear structure in the word space using Locality Preserving Projections, a reduction algorithm that performs manifold learning. We apply this reduction to two common word space models and show improved performance over the original models on benchmarks.
Two-Dimensional Electronic Materials for Terahertz Applications : Linking the Physical Properties with Engineering Expertise

Research on terahertz technologies have taken several approaches; some focused on optical phenomena while others focused on how to enhance the electronic properties of materials toward terahertz applications. In this work, we report on how to use the physical properties in several two-dimensional electronic material to advance the research in terahertz, and we report on our recent results and advances in Terahertz applications obtained using traditional and advanced transistors structures.