Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geriatrischer Ultraschall

Zusammenfassung Die Sonografie ist bei geriatrischen Patienten geeignet Begleiterkrankungen und Folgeschäden an Herz, Lunge, Leber, Pankreas, Nieren, Gastrointestinaltrakt und arteriellen sowie venösen Gefäßen zu erfassen und zu verfolgen. Auf der Grundlage einer systematischen Literaturanalyse wird in dieser Übersichtsarbeit der Stellenwert der Sonografie bei geriatrischen Patienten dargestellt unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Point of Care.
Organic compounds in carbonaceous meteorites

The carbonaceous chondrite meteorites are fragments of asteroids that have remained relatively unprocessed since the formation of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago. These carbon-rich objects contain a variety of extraterrestrial organic molecules that constitute a record of chemical evolution prior to the origin of life. Compound classes include aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, amino acids, carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, phosphonic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, sugars, amines, amides, nitrogen heterocycles, sulfur heterocycles and a relatively abundant high molecular weight macromolecular material. Structural and stable isotopic characteristics suggest that a number of environments may have contributed to the organic inventory, including interstellar space, the solar nebula and the asteroidal meteorite parent body. This review covers work published between 1950 and the present day and cites 193 references.
Racial/ethnic diversity in applied sport psychology: A multicultural introduction to working with athletes of color.

This article examines from a theoretical perspective the most pertinent issues related to providing sport psychology consulting to athletes of color. A review of multicultural concepts including identity, acculturation/enculturation, generalizations, and stereotyping is presented. These concepts provide a framework within which to address issues and examples pertinent to African American, Latino, Asian American, and American Indian athletes. A multicultural sport psychology approach incorporating worldview and integrative theory is examined. Finally, future issues in multicultural sport psychology including changes in the population, female athletes of color, and the need for sport psychologists of color are discussed.
HSL MI 20 : an efficient AMG preconditioner

Algebraic multigrid (AMG) is an efficient multilevel method for solving large sparse linear systems obtained from the discretisation of scalar elliptic partial differential equations. AMG can be used to compute powerful preconditioners for use with Krylov subspace methods. We report on the design and development of an efficient, robust and portable implementation of AMG that is available as package HSL MI20 within the HSL mathematical software library. HSL MI20 implements the classical (Ruge-Stüben) AMG method and, although it can be used as a “black-box” preconditioner, it offers the user a large number of options and parameters that may be tuned to enhance its performance for specific applications. The performance of HSL MI20 is illustrated using finite element discretisations of diffusion and convectiondiffusion problems in three dimensions.
The GML canvas: Aiming at Ease of Use, Compactness and Flexibility in a Graphical Toolkit

We present the GML canvas: a graphical toolkit aimed at supporting the development of post-WIMP interactions such as deformed, zoomable, semi-transparent, or bi-manual interactions. Our primary objective is to make the development of such interaction fast and easy; it is not to provide a library of post-WIMP interactions. The toolkit is used from an interpreted environment and generates its output with hardware rendering. We explain the rationale behind the design of the API and we present it in details. The API is split into a set of low-level atomic services and a set of high-level scripts. The atomic services offer the fundamental building blocks for interactive graphics and the scripts assemble these building blocks to serve as examples and to provide general interaction services. A number of examples illustrate how complex interactions have been built with a few lines of code.
Sleep Strategies of Night-Shift Nurses on Days Off: Which Ones are Most Adaptive?

Objectives: To determine the off-shift sleep strategies of bi-ethnic night-shift nurses, the relationship between these sleep strategies and adaptation to shift work, and identify the participant-level characteristics associated with a given sleep strategy. Methods: African-American and non-Hispanic White female, night-shift nurses from an academic hospital were recruited to complete a survey on sleep–wake patterns (n = 213). Participants completed the standard shiftwork index and the biological clocks questionnaire to determine sleep strategies and adaptation to night-shift work. In addition, chronotype was determined quantitatively with a modified version of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire. Most participants worked ~3 consecutive 12-h night-shifts followed by several days off. Results: Five sleep strategies used on days off were identified: (a) night stay, (b) nap proxy, (c) switch sleeper, (d) no sleep, and (e) incomplete switcher. Nap proxy and no sleep types were associated with poorer adaptation to night-shift work. The switch sleeper and incomplete switcher types were identified as more adaptive strategies that were associated with less sleep disturbance, a later chronotype, and less cardiovascular problems. Conclusion: Behavioral sleep strategies are related to adaptation to a typical night-shift schedule among hospital nurses. Nurses are crucial to the safety and well-being of their patients. Therefore, adoption of more adaptive sleep strategies may reduce sleep/wake dysregulation in this population, and improve cardiovascular outcomes.
Effect of protected saturated or polyunsaturated fat fed to pregnant and lactating ewes on milk composition, lamb plasma fatty acids and growth.

Seventy-two pregnant ewes were al lot ted to three ration t reatment groups: 1) Control: corn silage and alfalfa pellets; 2) Tallow: corn silage, alfalfa pellets and protected tallow; 3) Polyunsaturated (P/S): corn silage and protected soybean and sunflower seeds. Diet influenced plasma glucose and linoleic acid content of esterified, but not of non-esterified, fat ty acids in ewe plasma. Proportions (weight %) of short chain (6:0 to 14:0) fa t ty acids in milk fat were reduced by both tallow and P/S diets; P/S increased milk fat linoleic acid fivefold, and milk fat percent by 50%. At birth, body weights and linoleic acid in plasma phospholipids of lambs in all t reatment groups were identical. Plasma phospholipid tr iene/tetraene ratio of all groups indicated essential fat ty acid deficiency at birth and this was reversed by 1 day of age. At 10 days of age, lambs nursing P/S ewes had plasma phospholipid linoleic acid contents 90% greater than the tallow group. At 28 days of age, weight gain of P/S lambs was 89% of the tallow group, and 66% of controls. We suggest that polyunsaturated milk without supplemental tocopherol may be toxic to young ruminants. (
O conceito de executivo central e suas origens

The interest in the Central Executive grows each day in view of the observation of executive dysfunction in pathologies like TDAh. However, although references to this concept exist in the specialized literature in Brazil, there is a lack of theoretical studies about this subject. This article presents the Central Executive concept and its theoretical origins. The Central Executive is a coordinator of mental operations. The conception of this system goes back to the dichotomy between controlled and automatic processes. It was explored in Russian Psychology and, in the context of cognitive psychology, its functioning was explained in a model composed of a Supervisory Attentional System and a prescheduled organizer. Knowing the origins of the Central Executive concept may bring new ideas about its normal or pathological development.
Differential Modulation of Functional Dynamics and Allosteric Interactions in the Hsp90-Cochaperone Complexes with p23 and Aha1: A Computational Study

Allosteric interactions of the molecular chaperone Hsp90 with a large cohort of cochaperones and client proteins allow for molecular communication and event coupling in signal transduction networks. The integration of cochaperones into the Hsp90 system is driven by the regulatory mechanisms that modulate the progression of the ATPase cycle and control the recruitment of the Hsp90 clientele. In this work, we report the results of computational modeling of allosteric regulation in the Hsp90 complexes with the cochaperones p23 and Aha1. By integrating protein docking, biophysical simulations, modeling of allosteric communications, protein structure network analysis and the energy landscape theory we have investigated dynamics and stability of the Hsp90-p23 and Hsp90-Aha1 interactions in direct comparison with the extensive body of structural and functional experiments. The results have revealed that functional dynamics and allosteric interactions of Hsp90 can be selectively modulated by these cochaperones via specific targeting of the regulatory hinge regions that could restrict collective motions and stabilize specific chaperone conformations. The protein structure network parameters have quantified the effects of cochaperones on conformational stability of the Hsp90 complexes and identified dynamically stable communities of residues that can contribute to the strengthening of allosteric interactions. According to our results, p23-mediated changes in the Hsp90 interactions may provide “molecular brakes” that could slow down an efficient transmission of the inter-domain allosteric signals, consistent with the functional role of p23 in partially inhibiting the ATPase cycle. Unlike p23, Aha1-mediated acceleration of the Hsp90-ATPase cycle may be achieved via modulation of the equilibrium motions that facilitate allosteric changes favoring a closed dimerized form of Hsp90. The results of our study have shown that Aha1 and p23 can modulate the Hsp90-ATPase activity and direct the chaperone cycle by exerting the precise control over structural stability, global movements and allosteric communications in Hsp90.
The Role of Literary Mentors in Writing Development: How African American Women's Literature Supported the Writings of Adolescent Girls

Coupling Royster's (2000) conceptual framework of zamani with Rosenblatt's (1978) reader response theory, the researcher explored the ways African American women's writings supported, nurtured, and “mentored” the writings of adolescent girls. Findings show that the mentor texts served to help the girls generate ideas for their writings, think about their identities, understand the structure and style of genres, and invoke a response from readers through the use of critical language. Understanding the purpose of literary mentors is useful for English educators in appreciating the varied utility of texts and how they can be used to advance the writings and identities of youth.
Identification and Characterization of pDC-Like Cells in Normal Mouse Skin and Melanomas Treated with Imiquimod1

Among the different subsets of dendritic cells (DC) described in humans and mice, epidermal Langerhans cells and dermal DCs represent the only DC populations resident in normal skin. In this study we describe a population of CD4+CD3− plasmacytoid DC (pDC)-like cells that accumulate in the dermis and spleens of mice topically treated with imiquimod, a low m.w. immune response modifier with potent antiviral and antitumor activities. These CD4+CD3− cells coexpress GR-1, B220, MHC class II, and, to a lesser extent, CD11c and display the phenotypic features of pDCs described in lymphoid organs. The accumulation of pDC-like cells after imiquimod treatment was detected not only in normal skin, but also in intradermally induced melanomas. Imiquimod treatment leads either to complete regression or to a significant reduction of the tumors. The number of pDCs correlates well with the clinical response of the tumors to the drug, suggesting that the antitumor effects of imiquimod could be mediated at least in part by the recruitment of pDC-like cells to the skin. Therefore, strategies aimed at activating and directing these cells into neoplastic tissues may be a promising and novel approach for the immunotherapy of various types of cancer.
Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit D inhibits proliferation of HCT116 colon cancer cells

Dysregulation of protein synthesis is emerging as a major contributory factor in cancer development. eIF3D (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit D) is one member of the eIF3 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3) family, which is essential for initiation of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. Acquaintance with eIF3D is little since it has been identified as a dispensable subunit of eIF3 complex. Recently, eIF3D was found to embed somatic mutations in human colorectal cancers, indicating its importance for tumour progression. To further probe into its action in colon cancer, we utilized lentivirus-mediated RNA interference to knock down eIF3D expression in one colon cancer cell line HCT116. Knockdown of eIF3D in HCT116 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that depletion of eIF3D led to cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and induced an excess accumulation of HCT116 cells in the sub-G1 phase representing apoptotic cells. Signalling pathways responsible for cell growth and apoptosis have also been found altered after eIF3D silencing, such as AMPKα (AMP-activated protein kinase alpha), Bad, PRAS40 [proline-rich Akt (PKB) substrate of 40 kDa], SAPK (stress-activated protein kinase)/JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), GSK3β and PARP [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase]. Taken together, these findings suggest that eIF3D might play an important role in colon cancer progression.
Inerter Nonlinearities and the Impact on Suspension Control

This paper discusses the nonlinear properties of Inerters and their impact on vehicle suspension control. The Inerter was recently introduced as an ideal mechanical two-terminal element which is a substitute for the mass element with the applied force proportional to the relative acceleration across the terminals. Until now, ideal Inerters have been applied to car, motorcycle and train suspension systems, in which significant performance improvement was achieved. However, due to the mechanical construction, some nonlinear properties of the existing mechanical Inerter models are noted. This paper investigates the Inerter nonlinearities, including friction, backlash and the elastic effect, and their influence on vehicle suspension performance. A testing platform is also built to verify the nonlinear properties of the Inerter model. It is shown from the results that the suspension performance is in general degraded by Inerter nonlinearities. However, the overall suspension performance with Inerters is still better than the traditional suspensions.
The creative use of the ADHD diagnosis in probationers' self-narratives

Drawing upon a narrative criminological theoretical framework, this article explores how probationers use the ADHD diagnosis in self-narratives. Eleven in-depth interviews with probationers diagnosed with ADHD were carried out, while the interviewees were under the supervision of the Danish Probation Service. The analysis of the empirical material shows that the ADHD diagnosis provides a context for their life that helps make sense of and explain their past. Although their self-narratives are in a sense personal stories, they relate ADHD as a neurobiological disorder to their criminal past, using the available cultural narratives (Loseke, D. R. (2007). The study of identity as cultural, institutional, organizational, and personal narratives: Theoretical and empirical integrations. The Sociological Quarterly, 48, 661–688). Three types of co-existing self-narratives were identified: (1) ‘ADHD as my biological destiny’, (2) ‘It should have been discovered earlier in my life’ and (3) ‘I would not have been without ADHD’. As the probationers articulated all three narratives, the particular role of ADHD in the individual self-narratives was ambiguous. The probationers stated that they would not have missed the wild experiences of ‘living on the edge’, while at the same time describing ADHD as a determining factor for their life paths as criminals. Accordingly the probationers tended to explain not the individual offences, but their lives as criminals. Following this, the final section discusses whether their use of ADHD leads to crime-reducing ‘narratives of desistance’ or whether they instead represent crime-increasing ‘neutralization narratives’ (Maruna, S. (2001). Making good: How ex-convicts reform and reclaim their lives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; Maruna, S. , & Copes, H. (2005). What have we learned from five decades of neutralization research? Crime and Justice, 32, 221–320).
Effects of Incorporating High-Volume Fly Ash into Tricalcium Silicate on the Degree of Silicate Polymerization and Aluminum Substitution for Silicon in Calcium Silicate Hydrate

This study assesses the quantitative effects of incorporating high-volume fly ash (HVFA) into tricalcium silicate (C3S) paste on the hydration, degree of silicate polymerization, and Al substitution for Si in calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H). Thermogravimetric analysis and isothermal conduction calorimetry showed that, although the induction period of C3S hydration was significantly extended, the degree of hydration of C3S after the deceleration period increased due to HVFA incorporation. Synchrotron-sourced soft X-ray spectromicroscopy further showed that most of the C3S in the C3S-HVFA paste was fully hydrated after 28 days of hydration, while that in the pure C3S paste was not. The chemical shifts of the Si K edge peaks in the near-edge X-ray fine structure of C–S–H in the C3S-HVFA paste directly indicate that Al substitutes for Si in C–S–H and that the additional silicate provided by the HVFA induces an enhanced degree of silicate polymerization. This new spectromicroscopic approach, supplemented with 27Al and 29Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, turned out to be a powerful characterization tool for studying a local atomic binding structure of C–S–H in C3S-HVFA system and presented results consistent with previous literature.
Is Second Language Attrition the Reversal of Second Language Acquisition?

The study of language attrition, whether it is concerned with first or second languages, focuses on the effects resulting from an individual's reduced use of the attrited language. Such reduction in use can be due to a change in the linguistic environment or to the termination of an instructional program. In either case, some other language (or languages) is or becomes the dominant one. The present article reports on a series of studies, all focusing on individual attrition of English as a second language (ESL) in an environment where Hebrew is the dominant language. The predictor variables discussed are age, sociolinguistic features, input variables, and linguistic variables. The attrition process affecting English as a second language in a Hebrew dominant context seems to exhibit two major trends of change in language use: (a) a greater variability in the application of peripheral and highly marked structural rules, and (b) lower accessibility of specific lexical items. In each of these trends one can identify a limited reversal of the acquisition process, particularly with young children (5–8-year-olds) as well as a typological transfer process from the dominant language.
Clinically significant drug–drug interactions involving opioid analgesics used for pain treatment in patients with cancer: a systematic review

Background Opioids are the most frequently used drugs to treat pain in cancer patients. In some patients, however, opioids can cause adverse effects and drug–drug interactions. No advice concerning the combination of opioids and other drugs is given in the current European guidelines. Objective To identify studies that report clinically significant drug–drug interactions involving opioids used for pain treatment in adult cancer patients. Design and data sources Systematic review with searches in Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from the start of the databases (Embase from 1980) through January 2014. In addition, reference lists of relevant full-text papers were hand-searched. Results Of 901 retrieved papers, 112 were considered as potentially eligible. After full-text reading, 17 were included in the final analysis, together with 15 papers identified through hand-searching of reference lists. All of the 32 included publications were case reports or case series. Clinical manifestations of drug–drug interactions involving opioids were grouped as follows: 1) sedation and respiratory depression, 2) other central nervous system symptoms, 3) impairment of pain control and/or opioid withdrawal, and 4) other symptoms. The most common mechanisms eliciting drug–drug interactions were alteration of opioid metabolism by inhibiting the activity of cytochrome P450 3A4 and pharmacodynamic interactions due to the combined effect on opioid, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic activity in the central nervous system. Conclusion Evidence for drug–drug interactions associated with opioids used for pain treatment in cancer patients is very limited. Still, the cases identified in this systematic review give some important suggestions for clinical practice. Physicians prescribing opioids should recognize the risk of drug–drug interactions and if possible avoid polypharmacy.
Infant--mother attachment.

Bowlby's (1969) ethological-evolutionary attachment theory implies that it is an essential part of the ground plan of the human species—as well as that of many other species—for an infant to become attached to a mother figure. This figure need not be the natural mother but can be anyone who plays the role of principal caregiver. This ground plan is fulfilled, except under extraordinary circumstances when the baby experiences too little interaction with any one caregiver to support the formation of an attachment. The literature on maternal deprivation describes some of these circumstances, but it cannot be reviewed here, except to note that research has not yet specified an acceptable minimum amount of interaction required for attachment formation. However, there have been substantial recent advances in the areas of individual differences in the way attachment behavior becomes organized, differential experiences associated with the various attachment patterns, and the value of such patterns in forecasting subsequent development. These advances have been much aided by a standardized laboratory situation that was devised to supplement a naturalistic, longitudinal investigation of the development of infant-mother attachment in the first year of life. This strange situation, as we entitled it, has proved to be an excellent basis for the assessment of such attachment in 1-year-olds (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978). The assessment procedure consists of classification according to the pattern of behavior shown in the strange situation, particularly in the episodes of reunion after separation. Eight patterns were identified, but I shall deal here only with the three main groups into which they fell—Groups A, B, and C. To summarize, Group B babies use their mothers as a secure base from which to explore in the preseparation episodes; their attachment behavior is greatly intensified by the separation episodes so that exploration diminishes and distress is likely; and in the reunion episodes they seek contact with, proximity to, or at least interaction