Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining occupational self-efficacy, work locus of control and communication as moderators of the job insecurity—job performance relationship

Employees’ performance has been shown to be moderately hampered by job insecurity. Based on conservation of resources theory, the study examines whether three possible resources (occupational self-efficacy, work locus of control and communication) moderate the negative job insecurity—performance relationship. Analyses of a large Swiss dataset reveal two significant interaction effects: the higher the job insecurity, the less influence work locus of control and perceived communication exert on the job insecurity—performance relationship. This suggests that work locus of control and perceived communication may be resources that can only act beneficially in a situation of low job insecurity.
Airborne in-situ measurements of vertical, seasonal and latitudinal distributions of carbon dioxide over Europe

Airborne in-situ observations of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) were made during 7 intensive measurement campaigns between November 2001 and April 2003 as part of the SPURT project. Vertical profiles and latitudinal gradients in the upper troposphere/lowermost stratosphere were measured along the western shore of Europe from the subtropics to high northern latitudes during different seasons. In the boundary layer, CO 2 exhibits a strong seasonal cycle with the maximum mixing ratios in winter and minimum values in summer, reflecting the strength of CO 2 exchange with vegetation. Seasonal variations are strongest in high latitudes and propagate to the free troposphere and lowermost stratosphere, although with reduced amplitude. In the lowermost stratosphere, the CO 2 seasonal cycle is phase-shifted relative to the free troposphere by approximately 3 months, with highest mixing ratios during the summer. Modelling studies support the interpretation that altitude gradients of CO 2 are likely due to stratosphere-troposphere-transport.
Effect of virtual reality training on laparoscopic surgery: randomised controlled trial

Objective To assess the effect of virtual reality training on an actual laparoscopic operation. Design Prospective randomised controlled and blinded trial. Setting Seven gynaecological departments in the Zeeland region of Denmark. Participants 24 first and second year registrars specialising in gynaecology and obstetrics. Interventions Proficiency based virtual reality simulator training in laparoscopic salpingectomy and standard clinical education (controls). Main outcome measure The main outcome measure was technical performance assessed by two independent observers blinded to trainee and training status using a previously validated general and task specific rating scale. The secondary outcome measure was operation time in minutes. Results The simulator trained group (n=11) reached a median total score of 33 points (interquartile range 32-36 points), equivalent to the experience gained after 20-50 laparoscopic procedures, whereas the control group (n=10) reached a median total score of 23 (22-27) points, equivalent to the experience gained from fewer than five procedures (P<0.001). The median total operation time in the simulator trained group was 12 minutes (interquartile range 10-14 minutes) and in the control group was 24 (20-29) minutes (P<0.001). The observers’ inter-rater agreement was 0.79. Conclusion Skills in laparoscopic surgery can be increased in a clinically relevant manner using proficiency based virtual reality simulator training. The performance level of novices was increased to that of intermediately experienced laparoscopists and operation time was halved. Simulator training should be considered before trainees carry out laparoscopic procedures. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00311792.
Stratification Theory, Socioeconomic Background, and Educational Attainment

Three proposals explicate the social origins/education transitions association. Maximally maintained inequality (MMI) (Raftery and Hout 1993) claims the association declines only at transitions high origin persons universally or nearly universally make. Relative risk aversion (RRA) (Breen and Goldthorpe 1997) suggests broader inequality reduction is possible and depends on changing costs and norms. Effectively maintained inequality (EMI) (Lucas 2001) contends meaningful inequality reduction is elusive because qualitatively different types of education maintain consequential inequality, even at universal transitions. Each proposal has evidentiary support, yet because proposals highlight different association indices, most are described informally, and their distinctiveness is disputed, comparative evaluation requires a prior, clarifying, formal analysis. Formal analysis reveals that MMI is non-falsifiable. RRA and EMI are falsifiable and are potentially but not necessarily complementary. Future research should investigate whether and why RRA, EMI, both, or neither, apply.
Neuromuscular adaptations to concurrent strength and endurance training.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine muscle morphological and neural activation adaptations resulting from the interaction between concurrent strength and endurance training. METHODS Thirty sedentary healthy male subjects were randomly assigned to one of three training groups that performed 10 wk of 3-d x wk(-1) high-intensity strength training (S), cycle endurance training (E), or concurrent strength and endurance training (CC). Strength, quadriceps-muscle biopsies, computed tomography scans at mid-thigh, and surface electromyogram (EMG) assessments were made before and after training. RESULTS S and CC groups demonstrated similar increases (P < 0.0001) in both thigh extensor (12 and 14%) and flexor/adductor (7 and 6%) muscle areas. Type II myofiber areas similarly increased (P < 0.002) in both S (24%) and CC (28%) groups, whereas the increase (P < 0.004) in Type I area with S training (19%) was also similar to the nonsignificant (P = 0.041) increase with CC training (13%). Significant increases (P < 0.005) in maximal isometric knee-extension torque were accompanied by nonsignificant (P <or= 0.07) increases in root mean squared EMG amplitude of the quadriceps musculature for both S and C groups. No changes (P > 0.38) in the EMG/torque relation across 20 to 100% maximal voluntary contractions occurred in any group. A small 3% increase (P < 0.01) in thigh extensor area was the only change in any of the above variables with E training. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate 3-d x wk(-1) concurrent performance of both strength and endurance training does not impair adaptations in strength, muscle hypertrophy, and neural activation induced by strength training alone. Results provide a physiological basis to support several performance studies that consistently indicate 3-d x wk(-1) concurrent training does not impair strength development over the short term.
Behavioral / Systems / Cognitive Integrated Memory for Object , Place , and Context in Rats : A Possible Model of Episodic-Like Memory ?

We report an investigation into memory for an object, its spatial location, and the context in which it appeared in rats. A novel task based on the spontaneous recognition paradigm is presented that requires memory for these three aspects. This task is performed easily by intact rats at delays of up to 1 hr. However, performance of the task is severely and selectively disrupted by transection of the fornix. Ability to perform this task is discussed in relation to models of episodic memory in animals, and we suggest that this task provides a simple and useful animal model of episodic memory for use with rats.
A Periodic Analog of the Schwarzschild Solution

We construct a new exact solution of Einstein's equations in vacuo in terms of Weyl canonical coordinates. This solution may be interpreted as a black hole in a space-time which is periodic in one direction and which behaves asymptotically like the Kasner solution with Kasner index equal to $4M L^{-1}$, where $L$ is the period and $M$ is the mass of the black hole. Outside the horizon, the solution is free of singularities and approaches the Schwarzschild solution as $L \rightarrow \infty$.
Exercise Motivation and Social Physique Anxiety In Adolescents

†Based on self-determination theory (SDT), the goal of this study was to analyze the relation between satisfaction of basic psychological needs, types of motivation to exercise, and social physique anxiety (SPA). Participants in the study were 398 secondary education students, aged between 12 and 19 years, who completed questionnaires that measured the variables of interest. The results of multiple mediation analysis revealed that satisfaction of the need for competence negatively predicted SPA, both directly and indirectly through the mediation of integrated, identified, and external regulations. Introjected regulation also positively predicted SPA. Gender and body mass index (BMI) affected the relationships ana lyzed and were also shown to predict SPA. The results of this study further our understanding of the motivational process that explains SPA in adolescents within an exercise context, showing the positive influence of perceived competence and types of self-determined moti vation to reduce SPA. ￻ %HOJLFD 3V\FKRORJLFD�
The art of becoming ‘Swedish’: Immigrant youth, school careers and life plans

When discussing barriers to integration, we often focus on language skills, cultural capital, supportive environments and other more obvious, distinct and material aspects that have an impact on educational achievement. In the present study, we have instead chosen to look at how young immigrants construct their life plans, and how this relates to their perceptions of ethnicity, neighbourhood and identity. The sample used here consists of a total of 10 individuals. The interviews were used to explore certain designated dimensions and processes. All interviews were conducted in the school environment, in classrooms and other locations within the school. The students attended two different vocationally oriented study programmes: one focused on health promotion, the other on pre-school children. A narrative—sociological approach is used in the analysis. The young people’s perceptions and narratives are analysed in relation to concepts such as: territorial stigmatization, identity, inclusion/exclusion and life plans. The key finding is that these young people try to adapt to certain normative expectations connected to the notion of Swedishness. Being ‘in sync’ with this normative conception leads to self-confidence, whereas being ‘out-of-sync’ leads to low self-esteem.
Student perceptions on the benefits and shortcomings of distributed pair programming assignments

Pair Programming (PP) has been extensively used for enhancing the learning of programming. Specifically, PP is considered to: make the learning of programming more pleasant, promote collaboration and communication between the members of pairs, encourage the sharing of knowledge and skills, and even improve code quality. More recently, systems have appeared that support Distributed Pair programming (DPP). DPP is considered to maintain all the benefits of PP and in addition to allow for the distributed collaboration of pairs from anywhere and at any time. However, DPP might impose limitations as well, such as the requirement from students to configure their systems and ensure a good Internet connection. In order to draw safer conclusions on the benefits and shortcomings of DPP and maximize its effects on the learning of programming, it is necessary to investigate its impact under real world situations. This research is twofold: the effect of DPP on student performance has to be thoroughly studied; student perceptions on the benefits and shortcomings of DPP have to be investigated in order to apply it in the best possible way. The study presented in this paper focuses on the latter issue. Specifically, student perceptions on DPP assignments carried out in the context of an Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) course based on Java throughout a whole semester are quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. Based on this analysis some guidelines are presented for carrying out DPP assignments more effectively in the context of an OOP, Java-based course.
Ethnic-based federalism and ethnicity in Ethiopia: reassessing the experiment after 20 years

Abstract One of the core principles instituted by the post-1991 government in Ethiopia that took power after a successful armed struggle was ethnic-based federalism, informed by a neo-Leninist political model called revolutionary democracy. In this model, devised by the reigning Tigray People's Liberation Front (later EPRDF), ethnic identity was to be the basis of politics. Identities of previously non-dominant groups were constitutionally recognized and the idea of pan-Ethiopian identity de-emphasized. This article examines the general features and effects of this new political model, often dubbed an “experiment”, with regard to ideas of federal democracy, socio-economic inclusiveness, and ethno-cultural and political rights. After 20 years of TPLF/EPRDF rule, the dominant rhetorical figure in Ethiopian politics is that of ethnicity, which has permeated daily life and overtaken democratic decision-making and shared issue-politics. The federal state, despite according nominal decentralized power to regional and local authorities, is stronger than any previous Ethiopian state and has developed structures of central control and top-down rule that preclude local initiative and autonomy. Ethnic and cultural rights were indeed accorded, and a new economic dynamics is visible. Political liberties, respect for human rights and economic equality are however neglected, and ethnic divisions are on the increase, although repressed. Ethiopia's recent political record thus shows mixed results, with positive elements but also an increasingly authoritarian governance model recalling the features of the country's traditional hierarchical and autocratic political culture. This may produce more debate on the need for “adjusting the experiment”.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Cross-Cultural Examination of the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (TRIG)

Grief is an important psychological response to loss and it is frequently encountered by clients served in diverse areas of social work practice. Despite its importance, little is known about the different aspects of grief that clients experience and the degree to which these dimensions are consistent across White and minority groups. This study examined the dimensionality of the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (TRIG) and its stability across minority and non-minority individuals using confirmatory factor analysis. The findings highlight the multidimensionality of grief across diverse client groups, hold important implications for social work practice, and point to the utility of the TRIG for rapidly assessing grief in a variety of social work practice settings.
Adaptation to Self-Managing Work Teams

Two studies examined the team member characteristics (Big Five personality traits and attitude toward self-managing teams) that predict successful adaptation to participation in self-managing work teams (SMWTs) as assessed by self-ratings and manager ratings. Adaptation is conceptualized as having an immediate or short-term dimension (performing the team’s task well) and an enduring or long-term dimension (full cooperation in the team and commitment to team self-management). In both studies, member conscientiousness and attitude toward SMWTs were linked significantly to member self-ratings of long-term adaptation; attitude toward SMWTs, a malleable characteristic, was the strongest predictor. Short-term adaptation did not predict member self-ratings of long-term adaptation. However, short-term adaptation was the strongest predictor of manager ratings of member long-term adaptation. Results suggest that team members focus on internal feelings to assess their long-term (i.e., full) adaptation, whereas managers focus on short-term outcomes to assess long-term adaptation. Implications are discussed.
Syntactic Reordering in Preprocessing for Japanese → English Translation: MIT System Description for NTCIR-7 Patent Translation Task

We experimented with a well-known technique of training a JapaneseEnglish translation system on a Japanese training corpus that has been reordered into an English-like word order. We achieved surprisingly impressive results by naively reordering each Japanese sentence into reverse order. We also developed a reordering algorithm that transforms a Japanese dependency parse into English word order.
Research into International Television Flows: A Methodological Contribution

This article presents a framework that is intended to improve the understanding, conceptualization and measurement of international television flows and their effects. The framework has been developed to systematize existing research, to act as a guide for future research into the increasingly complex situation of international television flows and to improve the interpretation of existing and new data on international television flows.
High Expression of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Tie-1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome

The tyrosine kinase receptor Tie-1 has been shown to play a role in angiogenesis and hematopoiesis. We evaluated the level of expression and clinical significance of Tie-1 protein in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We used western blot analysis to confirm and radioimmunoassay to quantify Tie-1 protein expression in bone marrow samples obtained from untreated patients having AML (66 patients) or MDS (29 patients). Samples obtained from these patients contained significantly higher levels of Tie-1 protein than did control samples (p < 0.001). Also, Tie-1 levels were significantly higher in AML patients than MDS patients (p < 0.0001). Tie-1 levels did not correlate with complete remission or survival duration in patients having either disease. These data suggest that Tie-1 expression is increased in AML and MDS but that the level of expression does not influence the response to current therapy. The role of Tie-1 overexpression in the reported increased vascularity in the bone marrow of AML and MDS patients requires further investigation.
Modulating the Focus of Attention for Spoken Words at Encoding Affects Frontoparietal Activation for Incidental Verbal Memory

Attention is crucial for encoding information into memory, and current dual-process models seek to explain the roles of attention in both recollection memory and incidental-perceptual memory processes. The present study combined an incidental memory paradigm with event-related functional MRI to examine the effect of attention at encoding on the subsequent neural activation associated with unintended perceptual memory for spoken words. At encoding, we systematically varied attention levels as listeners heard a list of single English nouns. We then presented these words again in the context of a recognition task and assessed the effect of modulating attention at encoding on the BOLD responses to words that were either attended strongly, weakly, or not heard previously. MRI revealed activity in right-lateralized inferior parietal and prefrontal regions, and positive BOLD signals varied with the relative level of attention present at encoding. Temporal analysis of hemodynamic responses further showed that the time course of BOLD activity was modulated differentially by unintentionally encoded words compared to novel items. Our findings largely support current models of memory consolidation and retrieval, but they also provide fresh evidence for hemispheric differences and functional subdivisions in right frontoparietal attention networks that help shape auditory episodic recall.
Two-Stage, Input-Specific Synaptic Maturation in a Nucleus Essential for Vocal Production in the Zebra Finch

In most songbirds, vocal learning occurs through two experience-dependent phases, culminating in a reduction of behavioral plasticity called song crystallization. At ends of developmentally plastic periods in other systems, synaptic properties change in a fashion appropriate to limit plasticity. Maturation of glutamatergic synapses often involves a reduction in duration of NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic responses and a coincident reduction in the contribution of NMDARs to synaptic transmission. We hypothesized that similar changes in the zebra finch song system help limit behavioral plasticity during song development. Nucleus robustus archistriatalis (RA) is a key nucleus in the forebrain song motor pathway and receives glutamatergic input from the motor nucleus HVc. RA also receives glutamatergic input, mediated primarily by NMDARs, from the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum, which is part of a circuit essential for learning but not song production. We examined whether synaptic maturation occurs in either input to RA by recording synaptic currents in brain slices prepared from zebra finches of different ages. We find the motor input from HVc to RA uses both AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and NMDARs, and synaptic maturation occurs in two phases: an early reduction in duration of NMDAR-mediated synaptic currents in both inputs, and a later reduction in the NMDAR contribution to synaptic responses in the motor pathway. Although NMDAR kinetics change too early to account for crystallization, the reduction of the relative NMDAR contribution to synaptic transmission could contribute to the onset of crystallization. Thus, synaptic maturation events can be temporally distinct and input-specific and may play different roles in behavioral plasticity.
Outliers: Elementary Teachers Who Actually Teach Social Studies

This mixed methods study identified six elementary teachers, who, despite the widespread marginalization of elementary social studies, spent considerable time on the subject. These six outliers from a sample of forty-six Michigan elementary teachers were interviewed, and their teaching was observed to better understand how and why they deviate from the norm. An autonomy-versus-control continuum is used to frame how teachers decide what, when, and how to teach. Challenging existing literature that suggests that additional attention to elementary social studies comes from testing pressure or by providing teachers with autonomy, findings of this study reveal that five of the six teachers taught social studies frequently and extensively because their schedules were externally controlled to designate specific time for social studies instruction.
Look Who's Talking: Pre-Verbal Infants’ Perception of Face-to-Face and Back-to-Back Social Interactions

Four-, 6-, and 11-month old infants were presented with movies in which two adult actors conversed about everyday events, either by facing each other or looking in opposite directions. Infants from 6 months of age made more gaze shifts between the actors, in accordance with the flow of conversation, when the actors were facing each other. A second experiment demonstrated that gaze following alone did not cause this difference. Instead the results are consistent with a social cognitive interpretation, suggesting that infants perceive the difference between face-to-face and back-to-back conversations and that they prefer to attend to a typical pattern of social interaction from 6 months of age.