Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the construct of subjective sleep quality in patients with insomnia.

OBJECTIVE The construct of subjective sleep quality is poorly understood. One widely used measure of subjective sleep quality is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The role of psychiatric illness in the association between the PSQI and a prospective, sleep diary-derived sleep quality measure (SDSQ) was investigated plus the degree to which the PSQI may reflect mood states. METHOD A sample of 211 insomnia patients (International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Second Edition) divided by the presence or absence of a comorbid psychiatric disorder (DSM-IV-TR) and recruited between January 2004 and February 2009, completed the PSQI (primary outcome) and 2 weeks of sleep diary monitoring. First, correlations between PSQI and SDSQ were compared; second, regression analyses were used to investigate whether the association between PSQI and SDSQ depends on diagnostic status; third, the differences in sleep quality between the groups, plus the contribution of anxiety and depression in explaining these differences, were explored. RESULTS The correlation between PSQI and SDSQ was significant only in the nonpsychiatric group (P < .001). The association between PSQI and SDSQ was moderated by diagnostic status: it was weaker in psychiatric patients (P = .047). Patients with psychiatric comorbidity scored significantly higher on the PSQI than those without (P < .001); this difference disappeared after controlling for anxiety. There were no group differences for the SDSQ. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that (1) psychiatric patients may be more biased in their retrospective sleep quality ratings, and (2) the PSQI total score may reflect sleep-related distress. The use of a prospective sleep diary measure in patients with a psychiatric disorder is recommended.
Digital Inequality and Participation in the Political Process

This study analyzes whether greater levels of Internet access closed the participation gap between individuals of lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES) in the early stages of the 2012 presidential campaign. Our analysis of data from the Pew Research Center demonstrates that greater levels of access to the Internet are significantly associated with greater political knowledge and engagement for low SES individuals, but not high SES individuals. We explain our results in the context of incidental learning among the disengaged public during high-profile political events, such as a presidential election.
Drosophila Ada2b Is Required for Viability and Normal Histone H3 Acetylation

ABSTRACT Regulation of chromatin through histone acetylation is an important step in gene expression. The Gcn5 histone acetyltransferase is part of protein complexes, e.g., the SAGA complex, that interact with transcriptional activators, targeting the enzyme to specific promoters and assisting in recruitment of the basal RNA polymerase transcription machinery. The Ada2 protein directly binds to Gcn5 and stimulates its catalytic activity. Drosophila contains two Ada2 proteins, Drosophila Ada2a (dAda2a) and dAda2b. We have generated flies that lack dAda2b, which is part of a Drosophila SAGA-like complex. dAda2b is required for viability in Drosophila, and its deletion causes a reduction in histone H3 acetylation. A global hypoacetylation of chromatin was detected on polytene chromosomes in dAda2b mutants. This indicates that the dGcn5-dAda2b complex could have functions in addition to assisting in transcriptional activation through gene-specific acetylation. Although the Drosophila p53 protein was previously shown to interact with the SAGA-like complex in vitro, we find that p53 induction of reaper gene expression occurs normally in dAda2b mutants. Moreover, dAda2b mutant animals show excessive p53-dependent apoptosis in response to gamma radiation. Based on this result, we speculate that dAda2b may be necessary for efficient DNA repair or generation of a DNA damage signal. This could be an evolutionarily conserved function, since a yeast ada2 mutant is also sensitive to a genotoxic agent.
The Cognitive Analysis of Competitive Structures: A Review and Critique

In recent years, there has been a growth ofinterest in the study of business competition from acognitive perspective. This paper reviews this rapidlyexpanding literature in order to synthesize keyempirical findings and identify significant theoreticaland methodological issues which warrant furtherinvestigation. It is argued that the notion ofcompetitive enactment and the associated cognitive lifecycle approach recently advanced by Porac and hisassociates (Porac, Thomas, & Baden-Fuller, 1989; Porac& Thomas, 1990; Levenhagen, Porac, & Thomas, 1993)represent a potentially major breakthrough in ourunderstanding of the dynamics of competition in industriesand markets. However, several important propositions arederived for which the currently available empiricalevidence is found wanting. Furthermore, a number of methodological hurdles are identified whichhave yet to be overcome if the validity of thesepropositions is to be investigated with an acceptabledegree of rigor.
Evaluation of an online (opt-in) panel for public participation geographic information systems surveys

Online panels are increasingly being used in market, social, psychological, and medical research (Callegaro & DiSogra, 2008). With decline in survey response rate across all modes of delivery (Curtin, Presser, & Singer, 2005; de Leeuw & de Heer 2002; Hansen 2006), online panels may appear an attractive option for conducting public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) surveys despite limitations compared with probability sampling methods including undercoverage of the target population, high nonresponse within the panel, and self-selection bias (see Baker et al., 2010). This research evaluates the use of an online, opt-in panel (Couper, 2000) for conducting PPGIS surveys as an alternative to random household sampling, on-site survey recruitment, or self-selected (river) sampling. We evaluate the use of the online panel against several criteria of survey data quality: participation rate, mapping effort, and usability of survey responses. We discuss the implications of the results for future PPGIS survey research.
Mars direct - A simple, robust, and cost effective architecture for the Space Exploration Initiative

Both the Martian and lunar forms of implementation of the Mars Direct architecture are discussed. Candidate vehicle designs are presented and the means of performing the required in situ propellant production is explained. The in situ propellant process is also shown to present very high leverage for a Mars Rover Sample Return mission flown as a scaled down precursor version of the manned Mars Direct. Methods of coping with the radiation and zero gravity problems presented by a manned Mars mission are discussed. Prime objectives for surface exploration are outlined and the need for substantial surface mobility is made clear. Combustion powered vehicles utilizing the in situ produced methane/oxygen are proposed as a means for meeting the surface mobility requirement. Nuclear thermal rocket propulsion is suggested as a means to improve mission capability.
Commentary: The Self-Control Ethos as a Mechanism of Social Exclusion in Western Societies

Joffe and Staerkle present relevant contributions for improvement of our understanding about the mechanisms of social exclusion in western societies. From the analysis of the self-control ethos in three different domains—mind, body and destiny—the authors develop a fresh view about the relations between cultural values and stereotype content. Here I focus on two domains that are worth further exploration: self-control over the body as a symbol of status; and affective roots of prejudices. Two suggestions are made for future inquiries into how individualism, which feeds into the self-control ethos, has a strategic role in the maintenance of social exclusion mechanisms.
Looting and Gambling in Banking Crises ∗

We construct a model of the banking firm and use it to study bank behavior and bank regulatory policy during crises. In our model, a bank can increase the risk of its asset portfolio (“risk shift”), convert bank assets to the personal benefit of the bank manager (“loot”), or do both. Each action is socially costly. To mitigate such actions, a regulator has three policy tools: it can impose a penalty on risk-shifting; it can impose a penalty on looting; and it can force banks to hold more equity capital. We study two models of the banking firm – a standard one with a single class of owner, and a modified one with two classes of owners: inside (informed) ownermanagers and outside equity investors. Policy implications of the two models are quite different, suggesting that corporate governance is critical in determining good regulatory policy. With the one-class-of-equity model, either capital regulation or theft penalties can work to simultaneously contain both risk-shifting and looting. When two classes of shareholders are present, however, there is no panacea policy and all policies have trade-offs for different objectives or non-monotonic effects. When owner managers can loot the bank in bad states of the world, this worsens their incentive to take on risk. However, when owner-managers can consume perks in good states of the world (at the expense of outside shareholders) this diminishes their incentive to take on risk.
The Impact of Depression on Social Skills: A Review

Social skills deficits are common among depressed patients, but little attention has been paid to this aspect of depression. In this review, the potential roles of different depressive factors contributing to poor social skills are examined. Specifically, the first part of the analysis is focused on how different depressive factors influence the three components of social behavior: perceptual, cognitive, and performance. In the second part, evidence is provided to support the proposition that social skills deficits are manifestations of state depressive factors. This is based on results from studies involving mood induction procedures, countermanipulation procedures, and treatment with antidepressant drugs. These deficits are therefore likely to remit with effective treatment.
Significance Testing of Subtest Score Differences: The Case of Nonsignificant Results

Though the testing for the statistical significance of subtest score differences yields a considerable proportion of nonsignificant results (e.g., about two-thirds of the V-P IQ differences on the WISC-R, assuming α = .05), the interpretation of such results has been neglected. This paper examines the implications of the decision rule as they concern statistically nonsignificant results. The acceptance of the null hypothesis after a nonsignificant difference is shown to result in a noticeable proportion of both Type II and classification errors. Thus, in view of its low statistical power and the considerable proportion of classification errors involved, the widespread use of significance testing of subtest score differences is questioned; it cannot be justified in terms of a very extreme loss function, which emphasizes the minimization of the α-probability of Type I errors at the expense of the β-probability of Type II errors. Two other explanations for the universal acceptance of the significance testing of subtest score differences are suggested and critically examined.
CrossFit: Fitness cult or reinventive institution?

Branded as ‘the sport of fitness’, CrossFit is a burgeoning exercise regime that has surpassed the growth of well-known fitness franchises. In addition to its comprehensive fitness regime, it claims to offer a supportive community, which aims to ensure that people do not exercise ‘together alone’. The tight-knit – almost insular – nature of this community, as well as some of its more extreme practices, have led followers and detractors alike to characterise CrossFit as a cult. This article argues that the ‘cult’ label is too parochial and, instead, applies Susie Scott’s notion of ‘reinventive institutions’ to explain why CrossFit is so polarising. With its emphasis on voluntarism, performative regulation and mutual surveillance, the concept of the ‘reinventive institution’ offers a more useful and expansive theoretical tool that allows us to understand how power, identity construction and self-transformation operate in CrossFit.
Hughes Syndrome, the Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A New Chapter in Neurology

Abstract: The importance of cerebral disease in patients with the antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome (APS) is now becoming more widely recognized. The range of neuropsychiatric manifestations of APS is comprehensive and includes focal symptoms attributable to lesions in a specific area of the brain as well as diffuse or global dysfunction. Patients with APS frequently present with strokes and transient ischemic attacks, but a wide spectrum of other neurologic features, also including nonthrombotic neurological syndromes, has been described in association with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. In this review, we attempt to highlight the large variety of the neurological features of APS.
A comparison of conservative interventions and their effectiveness for coccydynia: a systematic review

Abstract Study design: Systematic literature review. Objective: To investigate the various conservative interventions for coccydynia and determine their effectiveness. Background: Coccydynia is the term used to describe pain in the coccygeal region. Pain in this region is typically caused by local trauma. Sitting is typically the most painful position for patients having coccydynia. Various methods of treating coccydynia are found in the literature but to our knowledge no systematic review has been performed that compared the effectiveness of these interventions. Methods: Searches were performed for research studies using electronic databases (Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Medline, PEDro, Scopus, and Sports Discus) from January 2002 through July 2012. The quality of the papers was assessed using the GRADE approach. Results: Seven papers were located that satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria (2 RCTs, 5 observational studies). The level of evidence ranged from moderate to very low quality and recommendations for use ranged from weak recommendations for use to weak recommendations against use. Conclusions: Due to the dearth of research available and the low levels of evidence in the published studies that were located we are unable to recommend the most effective conservative intervention for the treatment of coccydynia. Additional research is needed regarding the treatment for this painful condition.
Visual metaphor and metonymy in Frenc political cartoons

In the last thirty years the development of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory has led to a great amount of research into metaphor. Although the research focus has been on verbal metaphor, other types of metaphor such as pictorial metaphor (i.e. metaphor occurring in pictures) and multimodal metaphor (i.e. metaphor occurring in diverse modes) have been investigated. In contrast, metonymy has attracted less attention, and its presence in specialized genres has not been considered. The present contribution provides a corpus-based analysis of visual metaphors and metonymies in French political cartoons by Plantu. The following issues are addressed: (i) description of the image shown in the cartoon; (ii) identification of the metaphors and metonymies in terms of target and source; and (iii) the interaction between metaphor and metonymy. It is argued that metaphor and metonymy play a central role in the interpretation of political cartoons.
Mmpi Profiles of Sexually Abused and Nonabused Outpatient Adolescents

The MMPI profiles of 35 sexuallyabused adolescents (10 boys and 25 girls) were com pared with a sample of 52 adolescents (29 boys and 23 girls) who were receiving clinical services but had not been sexuallyabused. Results indicate that the Sexual Abuse (SA) group’s mean scores were significantlyhigher than the Dysfunctional Adolescent (DA) group on scales F, Hs, Pd, and Sc. Mean T-scores of the SA group revealed a 4(Pd)-1(Hs) profile pattern, indicating the tendencyfor this group to exhibit behaviors such as sexual acting out, aggression, overconcern with bodilyfunctions, and poor familyrelations. The implications of these results in light of past research and the need for future research in this area are discussed.
Regarding Au Pairs in the Norwegian Welfare State

Norway has a highly developed welfare system with increasing provision of public childcare and a strong public normative emphasis on gender and social equality. Despite an 84 percent coverage in public childcare, au pair immigration has increased greatly in recent years, especially from the Philippines. This article addresses why Norwegian families choose to employ an au pair and their experiences with the arrangement. It especially focuses on the tension caused by employing domestic help in an egalitarian state. Focus is directed on the context and rationale for au pair employment in Norway and the ways in which families legitimize au pair employment in a society where employing domestic help is generally unacceptable. Families do this by claiming to ‘not outsource care’, professionalizing the relationship, calling it ‘micro aid’ and emphasizing the fictive family relationship. The article concludes that au pair immigration serves to lower the threshold Norwegian families would otherwise have for employing domestic help and challenges Norwegian norms of social and gender equality.
Changing Our Prayer Behaviors through Short-Term Missions

This study from dissertation research explores how participating in a short-term mission trip may impact the prayer behaviors of the participants. By entering into another culture, short-term mission participants avoid many of the hindrances, such as the busyness of life and lack of exposure to other worldviews, that limit the growth of positive prayer behaviors at home. While the research results suggest that positive prayer behavior changes will occur even without intentional teaching on prayer, the implications and suggestions from the study provide ways that may encourage more positive prayer behavior changes on future mission trips.
The Mass Media, Election Campaigning and Voter Response

Focusing on `capital-intensive politics', election campaign advertising in the `paid' and `unpaid' media is analysed for its impact on voters, as part of a suite of influences commonly seen to affect voter behaviour. The Australian experience from the 1990 federal election campaign supports a `modest impact' thesis, that campaign news, advertising and related activities reported in the mass media are significant among a number of secondary determinants operating beneath a primary, partisan influence on how most people vote. However, identification of subsets of voters - committed, wavering and swinging (changing), stable, volatile - shows that media-related influences impact differently on each subset, both absolutely and in the degree to which they act in a reinforcing or persuading role.
Benchmarking of a full-body inertial motion capture system for clinical gait analysis

In order for gait analysis to be established as part of routine clinical diagnoses, an accurate, flexible and user-friendly motion capture system is required. Commonly used optical, mechanical and acoustic systems offer acceptable accuracy and repeatability, but are often expensive and restricted to laboratory use. Inertial motion capture has seen great innovation in the last few years, but the technology is not yet considered mature enough for clinical gait analysis. In this paper we compare the kinematic reliability of inertial motion capture with optical motion capture during routine gait studies of eight able-bodied subjects. The root mean squared, RMS, and coefficient of correlation, R, was used to compare data sets. Saggital plane joint angles in the knee and hip compared very well. Corresponding transverse and frontal plane values were moderately accurate. The ankle joint angles calculated from the two systems were less accurate. This was believed to be due to the use of different rotation axis orientations used for calculation of angular rotations.
Using modeling to inform patient-centered care choices at the end of life.

AIM Advance directives are often under-informed due to a lack of disease-specific prognostic information. Without well-informed advance directives patients may receive default care that is incongruent with their preferences. We aimed to further inform advance care planning in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by estimating outcomes with alternative advance directives. METHODS We designed a Markov microsimulation model estimating outcomes for patients choosing between the Full Code advance directive (permitting invasive mechanical ventilation), and the Do Not Intubate directive (only permitting noninvasive ventilation). RESULTS Our model estimates Full Code patients have marginally increased one-year survival after admission for severe respiratory failure, but are more likely to be residing in a nursing home and have frequent rehospitalizations for respiratory failure. CONCLUSION Patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may consider these potential tradeoffs between survival, rehospitalizations and institutionalization when making informed advance care plans and end-of-life decisions. We highlight outcomes research needs for variables most influential to the model's outcomes, including the risk of complications of invasive mechanical ventilation and failing noninvasive mechanical ventilation.
A successful child: early years practitioners' understandings of quality

This article sets out to discuss one aspect of the findings of an ESRC‐funded project which explores early years practitioners' understandings of quality and success in their work, and which challenges the hegemony of universal standards in early years provision in England. The qualitative research was conducted within a broadly symbolic interactionist frame. Data collected through interviews and observations carried out in a range of early years settings suggest that early years practitioners' ideas of quality and success are more diverse and contested than the current culture of regulation and inspection implies. Furthermore, it appears that ideas concerning quality are shaped and sometimes limited by the context and culture of the setting. This article focuses on one aspect of the research in which the notion of a Successful Child is used to gain insights into practitioners' understandings. Descriptions of a successful child are used to create three typologies or representations of children which in turn raise questions about potentially detrimental effects of the universal standards agenda.
The Relationship Between Inquiry and Visitation: What Is (or Should Be) Conversion?

Abstract The various possible sequences of commitment, inquiry, and visitation are considered for their impact on the practice of conversion research to measure the impact of travel advertising. It is proposed that many of the suggestions for the enhancement of the validity of conversion studies are contrary to both the scant empirical evidence and not consistent with what should be measured as conversion.