Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence of potentially avoidable urgent readmissions and their relation to all-cause urgent readmissions

Background: Urgent, unplanned hospital readmissions are increasingly being used to gauge the quality of care. We reviewed urgent readmissions to determine which were potentially avoidable and compared rates of all-cause and avoidable readmissions. Methods: In a multicentre, prospective cohort study, we reviewed all urgent readmissions that occurred within six months among patients discharged to the community from 11 teaching and community hospitals between October 2002 and July 2006. Summaries of the readmissions were reviewed by at least four practising physicians using standardized methods to judge whether the readmission was an adverse event (poor clinical outcome due to medical care) and whether the adverse event could have been avoided. We used a latent class model to determine whether the probability that each readmission was truly avoidable exceeded 50%. Results: Of the 4812 patients included in the study, 649 (13.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 12.5%–14.5%) had an urgent readmission within six months after discharge. We considered 104 of them (16.0% of those readmitted, 95% CI 13.3%–19.1%; 2.2% of those discharged, 95% CI 1.8%–2.6%) to have had a potentially avoidable readmission. The proportion of patients who had an urgent readmission varied significantly by hospital (range 7.5%–22.5%; χ2 = 92.9, p < 0.001); the proportion of readmissions deemed avoidable did not show significant variation by hospital (range 1.2%–3.7%; χ2 = 12.5, p < 0.25). We found no association between the proportion of patients who had an urgent readmission and the proportion of patients who had an avoidable readmission (Pearson correlation 0.294; p = 0.38). In addition, we found no association between hospital rankings by proportion of patients readmitted and rankings by proportion of patients with an avoidable readmission (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.28, p = 0.41). Interpretation: Urgent readmissions deemed potentially avoidable were relatively uncommon, comprising less than 20% of all urgent readmissions following hospital discharge. Hospital-specific proportions of patients who were readmitted were not related to proportions with a potentially avoidable readmission.
Low concentrations of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine induce breast cancer stem cell differentiation by triggering tumor suppressor gene expression

Background Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are considered the cause of tumor growth, multidrug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence. Therefore, differentiation therapy to reduce self-renewal of BCSCs is a promising approach. We have examined the effects of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC) on BCSC differentiation. Materials and methods BCSCs were treated with a range of DAC concentrations from 0.625 to 100 µM. The differentiation status of DAC-treated BCSCs was graded by changes in cell proliferation, CD44+CD24− phenotype, expression of tumor suppressor genes, including BRCA1, BRCA2, p15, p16, p53, and PTEN, and antitumor drug resistance. Results DAC treatment caused significant BCSC differentiation. BCSCs showed a 15%–23% reduction in proliferation capacity, 3.0%–21.3% decrease in the expression of BCSC marker CD44+/CD24−, activation of p53 expression, and increased p15, p16, BRCA1, and BRCA2 expression. Concentrations of DAC ranging from 0.625 to 40 µM efficiently induce cell cycle arrest in S-phase. ABCG2, highly expressed in BCSCs, also decreased with DAC exposure. Of particular note, drug-sensitivity of BCSCs to doxorubicin, verapamil, and tamoxifen also increased 1.5-, 2.0-, and 3.7-fold, respectively, after pretreatment with DAC. Conclusion DAC reduced breast cancer cell survival and induced differentiation through reexpression of tumor suppressor genes. These results indicate the potential of DAC in targeting specific chemotherapy-resistant cells within a tumor.
Effects of aluminum and copper cover tube casing on the ECAP process of AM30 magnesium alloy

ABSTRACT Aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) thin tube casings were employed to facilitate the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process of wrought AM30 magnesium (Mg) alloy. We covered the Mg rods (diameter, 14 mm) with pure copper (Mg/Cu) and Al-1050 alloy (Mg/Al) sheaths in the form of tubes (thickness, 2.5 mm). We then performed the ECAP processes at 200, 250, and 275°C using the conventional ECAP of AM30 alloy and covered tube casing (CTC) methods with a single pass. We assessed the effect of CTC on ECAP temperature, grain refinement, uniformity of structure, hardness distribution, and strength. The results of Mg/Cu and Mg/Al bimetal sample tests showed that there was a significant decrease in the process temperature when compared with the conventional ECAP of AM30. The sheath resolved the segmented material flow that occurred in a conventional ECAP of material at 250°C, and transformed it to a uniform flow in CTC bimetal samples. Grain sizes of the CTC samples decreased by 20% compared with the conventional ECAP of AM30 samples. Furthermore, grain uniformity, strain distribution homogeneity, tensile yield strength (TYS), and elongation increased. However, we observed a similar trend of deformation twinning in compression test results for the ECAP and CTC methods, and there was no significant variation in material yield asymmetry between the ECAP and CTC samples.
H:Q Ratios and Bilateral Leg Strength in College Field and Court Sports Players

H:Q Ratios and Bilateral Leg Strength in College Field and Court Sports Players One of the key components in sports injury prevention is the identification of imbalances in leg muscle strength. However, different leg muscle characteristics may occur in large playing area (field) sports and small playing area (court) sports, which should be considered in regular injury prevention assessment. This study examined the isokinetic hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio and bilateral leg strength balance in 40 male college (age: 23.4 ± 2.5 yrs) team sport players (field sport = 23, soccer players; court sport = 17, volleyball and basketball players). Five repetitions of maximal knee concentric flexion and concentric extension were performed on an isokinetic dynamometer at two speeds (slow: 60 °·s-1 and fast: 300°·s-1) with 3 minutes rest between tests. Both legs were measured in counterbalanced order with the dominant leg being determined as the leg used to kick a ball. The highest concentric peak torque values (Nm) of the hamstrings and quadriceps of each leg were analyzed after body mass normalization (Nm·kg-1). Court sport players showed significantly weaker dominant leg hamstrings muscles at both contraction speeds (P < 0.05). The H:Q ratio was significantly larger in field players in their dominant leg at 60°·s-1 (P < 0.001), and their non-dominant leg at 300°·s-1 (P < 0.001) respectively. Sport-specific leg muscle strength was evident in college players from field and court sports. These results suggest the need for different muscle strength training and rehabilitation protocols for college players according to the musculature requirements in their respective sports.
Splicing Factors Associate with Hyperphosphorylated RNA Polymerase II in the Absence of Pre-mRNA

The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) contains multiple tandem copies of the consensus heptapeptide, TyrSerProThrSerProSer. Concomitant with transcription initiation the CTD is phosphorylated. Elongating polymerase has a hyperphosphorylated CTD, but the role of this modification is poorly understood. A recent study revealed that some hyperphosphorylated polymerase molecules (Pol IIo) are nonchromosomal, and hence transcriptionally unengaged (Bregman, D.B., L. Du, S. van der Zee, S.L. Warren. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 129: 287–298). Pol IIo was concentrated in discrete splicing factor domains, suggesting a possible relationship between CTD phosphorylation and splicing factors, but no evidence beyond immunolocalization data was provided to support this idea. Here, we show that Pol IIo co-immunoprecipitates with members of two classes of splicing factors, the Sm snRNPs and non-snRNP SerArg (SR) family proteins. Significantly, Pol IIo's association with splicing factors is maintained in the absence of pre-mRNA, and the polymerase need not be transcriptionally engaged. We also provide definitive evidence that hyperphosphorylation of Pol II's CTD is poorly correlated with its transcriptional activity. Using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) H5 and H14, which are shown here to recognize phosphoepitopes on Pol II's CTD, we have quantitated the level of Pol IIo at different stages of the cell cycle. The level of Pol IIo is similar in interphase and mitotic cells, which are transcriptionally active and inactive, respectively. Finally, complexes containing Pol IIo and splicing factors can be prepared from mitotic as well as interphase cells. The experiments reported here establish that hyperphosphorylation of the CTD is a good indicator of polymerase's association with snRNP and SR splicing factors, but not of its transcriptional activity. Most importantly, the present study suggests that splicing factors may associate with the polymerase via the hyperphosphorylated CTD.
Cancer‐related information needs and cancer's impact on control over life influence health‐related quality of life among adolescents and young adults with cancer

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with cancer between 15 and 39 years of age often report need for greater amounts of cancer‐related information and perceive that cancer has had a negative impact on control over their life. We examined whether unmet information need and perceived control over life are associated with health‐related quality of life (HRQOL).
On the Dynamical and Physical State of the “Diffuse Ionized Medium” in Nearby Spiral Galaxies

We report the initial results from a program to study the morphology, physical state, and kinematics of the "diffuse ionized medium" (DIM) in a sample of the nearest and brightest late-type galaxies. For each of five galaxies (NGC 2403, M81, NGC 4395, M51, and M101), we have analyzed deep narrowband Hα images of the entire star-forming disk and long-slit spectra of the inner (~10 kpc) disk with a resolution of 40-75 km s-1. We find that the DIM covers most of the star-forming disk and is morphologically related to the presence of high surface brightness gas (the giant H II regions). The DIM and the giant H II regions differ systematically in their physical and dynamical state. The DIM is characterized by enhanced emission in the low-ionization forbidden lines ([O I], [N II], and [S II]), and even the high-ionization [O III] λ5007 line is moderately strong in the DIM in at least three cases. This last result contrasts with upper limits on the [O III] surface brightness in the local DIM of our own Galaxy (the "Reynolds Layer"). We directly verify the inference made by Lehnert and Heckman that the DIM contributes significantly to the spatially integrated (global) emission-line ratios measured in late-type galaxies. We also find that the DIM is more disturbed kinematically than the gas in the giant H II regions. The deconvolved (intrinsic) widths of the Hα and [N II] λ6584 lines range from 30 to 100 km s-1 (FWHM) in the DIM compared to 20-50 km s-1 in the giant H II regions. The high-ionization gas in the DIM is more kinematically disturbed than the low-ionization gas: the [O III] λ5007 lines have intrinsic widths of 70-150 km s-1. The differing kinematics implies that the DIM is not a single monolithic phase of the ISM. Instead, it may consist of a "quiescent" DIM with a low ionization state and small scale height (few hundred parsec) and a "disturbed" DIM with a high ionization state and moderate scale height (0.5-1 kpc). We argue that the quiescent DIM is most likely photoionized by radiation from O stars leaking out of giant H II regions (although this requires fine-tuning the opacity of galactic disks to ionizing radiation). The disturbed DIM is most likely heated by the mechanical energy supplied by supernovae and stellar winds. Since the disturbed DIM accounts for only a minority (<20%) of the Hα emission in the regions we have studied, there is no fundamental energetics problem with this model, but it does require mechanically heated gas to have a high areal covering factor in the inner disk (which needs to be confirmed observationally). We find no clear discontinuity between the physical and dynamical properties of the giant H II regions and the quiescent DIM. The quiescent DIM is morphologically related to the giant H II regions and there is a smooth dependence of the emission-line ratios and emission-line widths on the surface brightness of the emission. Thus, we suggest that a unified approach to the study of the DIM and giant H II regions in star-forming galaxies will prove fruitful.
Prenatal and childhood antecedents of suicide: 50-year follow-up of the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study

Background We aimed to elucidate early antecedents of suicide including possible mediation by early child development. Method Using the 1958 birth cohort, based on British births in March 1958, individuals were followed up to adulthood. We used data collected at birth and at age 7 years from various informants. Suicides occurring up to 31 May 2009 were identified from linked national death certificates. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate risk factors. Results Altogether 12399 participants (n = 44 suicides) had complete data. The strongest prenatal risk factors for suicide were: birth order, with risk increasing in later-born children [p trend = 0.063, adjusted hazard ratio (HR)], e.g. for fourth- or later-born children [HR = 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90–5.75]; young maternal age (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 0.34–4.13 for ⩽19 years and HR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.19–0.91 for >29 years, p trend = 0.034); and low (<2.5 kg) birth weight (HR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.03–5.95). The strongest risk factors at 7 years were externalizing problems in males (HR = 2.96, 95% CI 1.03–8.47, p trend = 0.050) and number of emotional adversities (i.e. parental death, neglected appearance, domestic tension, institutional care, contact with social services, parental divorce/separation and bullying) for which there was a graded association with risk of suicide (p trend = 0.033); the highest (HR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.01–9.62) was for persons with three or more adversities. Conclusions Risk factors recorded at birth and at 7 years may influence an individual's long-term risk of suicide, suggesting that trajectories leading to suicide have roots in early life. Some factors are amenable to intervention, but for others a better understanding of causal mechanisms may provide new insights for intervention to reduce suicide risk.
View Selection in Semantic Web Databases

We consider the setting of a Semantic Web database, containing both explicit data encoded in RDF triples, and implicit data, implied by the RDF semantics. Based on a query workload, we address the problem of selecting a set of views to be materialized in the database, minimizing a combination of query processing, view storage, and view maintenance costs. Starting from an existing relational view selection method, we devise new algorithms for recommending view sets, and show that they scale significantly beyond the existing relational ones when adapted to the RDF context. To account for implicit triples in query answers, we propose a novel RDF query reformulation algorithm and an innovative way of incorporating it into view selection in order to avoid a combinatorial explosion in the complexity of the selection process. The interest of our techniques is demonstrated through a set of experiments.
Infant and adult visual attention during an imitation demonstration

Deferred imitation tasks have shown that manipulations at encoding can enhance infant learning and memory performance within an age, suggesting that brain maturation alone cannot fully account for all developmental changes in early memory abilities. The present study investigated whether changes in the focus of attention during learning might contribute to improving memory abilities during infancy. Infants aged 6, 9, and 12 months, and an adult comparison group, watched a video of a puppet imitation demonstration while visual behavior was recorded on an eye tracker. Overall, infants spent less time attending to the video than adults, and distributed their gaze more equally across the demonstrator and puppet stimulus. In contrast, adults directed their gaze primarily to the puppet. When infants were tested for their behavioral recall of the target actions, “imitators” were shown to have increased attention to the person and decreased attention to the background compared to “non-imitators. ” These results suggest that attention during learning is related to memory outcome and that changes in attention may be one mechanism by which manipulations to the learning event may enhance infant recall memory. © 2013 The Authors. Developmental Psychobiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ProvenanceCurious: a tool to infer data provenance from scripts

The increasing data volume and highly complex models used in different domains make it difficult to debug models in cases of anomalies. Data provenance provides scientists sufficient information to investigate their models. In this paper, we propose a tool which can infer fine-grained data provenance based on a given script. The tool is demonstrated using a hydrological model. The tool is also tested successfully handling other scripts in different contexts.
Λ Cold Dark Matter, Stellar Feedback, and the Galactic Halo Abundance Pattern

The hierarchical formation scenario for the stellar halo re quires the accretion and disruption of dwarf galaxies, yet low-metallicity halo stars are enriched in α-elements compared to similar, low-metallicity stars in dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies. We address this primary c hallenge for the hierarchical formation scenario for the stellar halo by combining chemical evolution modell ing with cosmologically-motivated mass accretion histories for the Milky Way dark halo and its satellites. We d monstrate that stellar halo and dwarf galaxy abundance patterns can be explained naturally within the ΛCDM framework. Our solution relies fundamentally on theΛCDM model prediction that the majority of the stars in the ste llar halo were formed within a few relatively massive, ∼ 5×10M⊙, dwarf irregular (dIrr) size dark matter halos, which were accreted and destroyed∼ 10 Gyr in the past. These systems necessarily have short-liv ed, rapid star formation histories, are enriched primarily by Type II supernovae, and host stars wit h enhanced [ α/Fe] abundances. In contrast, dwarf spheroidal galaxies exist within low-mass dark matter host s f∼ 10M⊙, where supernovae winds are important in setting the intermediate [ α/Fe] ratios observed. Our model includes enrichment from Ty pe Ia and Type II supernovae as well as stellar winds, and includes a physical ly-motivated supernovae feedback prescription calibrated to reproduce the local dwarf galaxy stellar mass me tallicity relation. We use representative examples of the type of dark matter halos we expect to host a destroyed “ st llar halo progenitor” dwarf, a surviving dIrr, and a surviving dSph galaxy, and show that their derived abun dance patterns, stellar masses, and gas masses are consistent with those observed for each type of system. O ur model also self-consistently reproduces the observed stellar mass vcirc relation for local group satellites and produces the correc t cumulative mass for the Milky Way stellar halo. We predict that the lowest metallici ty stars in intermediate-mass dIrr galaxies like the SMC and LMC should follow abundance patterns similar to that observed in the stellar halo. Searches for accreted, disrupted, low-mass dwarfs may be enhanced by searc hing for unbound stars with dSph-like chemical abundance patterns. Subject headings: galaxies: formation – galaxies: evolution – Galaxy: halo – G alaxy: abundances – galaxies: dwarf
Coalescing-branching random walks on graphs

We study a distributed randomized information propagation mechanism in networks we call the coalescing-branching random walk (cobra walk, for short). A cobra walk is a generalization of the well-studied "standard" random walk, and is useful in modeling and understanding the Susceptible-Infected Susceptible (SIS)-type of epidemic processes in networks. It can also be helpful in performing light-weight information dissemination in resource-constrained networks. A cobra walk is parameterized by a branching factor k. The process starts from an arbitrary node, which is labeled active for step 1. (For instance, this could be a node that has a piece of data, rumor, or a virus.) In each step of a cobra walk, each active node chooses k random neighbors to become active for the next step ("branching"). A node is active for step t + 1 only if it is chosen by an active node in step t ("coalescing"). This results in a stochastic process in the underlying network with properties that are quite different from both the standard random walk (which is equivalent to the cobra walk with branching factor 1) as well as other gossip-based rumor spreading mechanisms. We focus on the cover time of the cobra walk, which is the number of steps for the walk to reach all the nodes, and derive almost-tight bounds for various graph classes. Our main technical result is an O(log2 n) high probability bound for the cover time of cobra walks on expanders, if either the expansion factor or the branching factor is sufficiently large; we also obtain an O(log n) high probability bound for the partial cover time, which is the number of steps needed for the walk to reach at least a constant fraction of the nodes. We show that the cobra walk takes O(n log n) steps on any n-node tree for k ≥ 2, and Õ(n1/d) steps on a d-dimensional grid for k ≥ 2, with high probability.
The Usf‐1 transcription factor is a novel target for the stress‐responsive p38 kinase and mediates UV‐induced Tyrosinase expression

The stress‐activated signalling cascade leading to phosphorylation of the p38 family of kinases plays a crucial role during development and in the cellular response to a wide variety of stress‐inducing agents. Although alterations in gene expression characteristic of the stress response require the regulation of key transcription factors by the p38 family, few downstream targets for this signalling pathway have been identified. By examining the ability of pigment cells to respond to UV irradiation as part of the UV‐induced tanning response, we show that while the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor Mitf regulates basal Tyrosinase expression, it is the ubiquitous basic helix–loop–helix‐leucine zipper transcription factor Usf‐1 that is required for the UV activation of the Tyrosinase promoter. Consistent with this we demonstrate that Usf‐1 is phosphorylated and activated by the stress‐responsive p38 kinase. The results suggest that activation of Usf‐1 by p38 at a wide variety of viral and cellular promoters will provide a link between stimuli as diverse as UV irradiation, glucose, viral infection and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and the changes in gene expression associated with the stress response.