Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardioprotection with dexrazoxane for doxorubicin-containing therapy in advanced breast cancer.

PURPOSE To determine the cardioprotective effect of dexrazoxane (DZR) used in a doxorubicin-based combination therapy in advanced breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between November 1988 and January 1991, 534 patients with advanced breast cancer were randomized to two multicenter, double-blind studies (088001 and 088006). Patients received fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) with either DZR (DZR-to-doxorubicin ratio, 10:1) or placebo (PLA) every 3 weeks and were monitored with serial multiplegated acquisition (MUGA) scans. RESULTS The hazards ratio (HR) of PLA to DZR for a cardiac event, which was predefined ejection fraction changes or congestive heart failure (CHF), was 2.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.61 to 4.27; P < .001) for 088001 and 2.00 (95% CI, 1.01 to 3.96; P = .038) for 088006. The objective response rates for 088001 were 46.8% for DZR and 60.5% for PLA, a difference of 14% (95% CI, -25% to -2%; P = .019), and for 088006 were 53.7% for DZR and 49.3% for PLA, a difference of 4% (95% CI, -13% to 22%; P = .63). Time to progression and survival were not significantly different between treatment arms in either study. Toxicities on the DZR arms included lower granulocyte and platelet counts at nadir (P = .009 and P = .004, respectively) and more pain on injection (P = .001), with no difference in the rates of fever, infection, or hemorrhage. CONCLUSION DZR had a significant cardioprotective effect as measured by noninvasive testing and clinical CHF. One of the two studies (088001) showed a lower response rate with DZR, but time to progression and survival were not significantly different. DZR is the first agent shown to reduce cardiotoxicity from doxorubicin.
The etiology of so-called schizophrenic psychoses, with special reference to their occurrence in twins.

The main object of this communication is to report a study of 142 pairs of twins with so-called schizophrenic psychoses in one or both of the twins in each pair. These twins are classified as follows: monozygotic 41 pairs; same-sex dizygotic 53 pairs; opposite-sex dizygotic 48 pairs. There is a marked contrast between monozygotic and dizygotic twins with respect to the proportion of cases of both twins of the pair affected. These proportions are, respectively, 68.3 per cent and 14.9 per cent. In the medical literature of twin pathology great stress has been laid on close similarity or even identicalness of manifestations, particularly in monozygotic twins. However, as regards the so-called schizophrenic psychoses, close similarity or identicalness of manifestations is the exception rather than the rule. Instances of similar psychoses, quantitative dissimilarity (i. e., dissimilarity of age of onset, particular symptomatology, course, outcome, etc.), qualitative dissimilarity (i. e. , one twin having a schi.
The brain on art: intense aesthetic experience activates the default mode network

Aesthetic responses to visual art comprise multiple types of experiences, from sensation and perception to emotion and self-reflection. Moreover, aesthetic experience is highly individual, with observers varying significantly in their responses to the same artwork. Combining fMRI and behavioral analysis of individual differences in aesthetic response, we identify two distinct patterns of neural activity exhibited by different sub-networks. Activity increased linearly with observers' ratings (4-level scale) in sensory (occipito-temporal) regions. Activity in the striatum (STR) also varied linearly with ratings, with below-baseline activations for low-rated artworks. In contrast, a network of frontal regions showed a step-like increase only for the most moving artworks (“4” ratings) and non-differential activity for all others. This included several regions belonging to the “default mode network” (DMN) previously associated with self-referential mentation. Our results suggest that aesthetic experience involves the integration of sensory and emotional reactions in a manner linked with their personal relevance.
How Much X-Ray and UV Radiation Processes Are Coupled in Accretion Disks? The Active Galactic Nucleus Case

Within the standard accretion disk theory for active galactic nuclei (AGNs), the observed X-rays are often modeled by Compton up-scattering of ultraviolet (UV) disk photons inside a hot disk corona. Here we point out that for many AGNs, radiation pressure due to the very same UV disk photons can drive a flow from the disk into the corona and couple the processes producing X-rays and UV photons. This coupling could lead to a quenching of the disk corona because the regions above the UV disk will be too dense, too opaque, and consequently too cold. We discuss various consequences of this new type of X-ray/UV coupling on the dynamical and radiative properties of AGNs.
The Effect of the Mandatory Use of Face Masks on Facial Lacerations and Head and Neck Injuries in Ice Hockey

A 4-year prospective review of lost-time injuries and fa cial lacerations was performed for a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, intercollegiate ice hockey team. The total injury exposure time consisted of 798.5 practice hours and 163 games. There were 16 facial lacerations, with an incidence of 14.9 per 1000 player-game hours and 0.1 per 1000 player-practice hours; both incidences were found to be less than in previous comparable studies where the use of face masks was not mandatory. In addition, there were eight lost-time head and neck injuries that accounted for 6.3% of all lost-time injuries. We found that the mandatory use of face masks in intercollegiate ice hockey results in a reduction in facial lacerations and no increase in overall head and neck injuries.
Let me grab this: a comparison of EMS and vibration for haptic feedback in free-hand interaction

Free-hand interaction with large displays is getting more common, for example in public settings and exertion games. Adding haptic feedback offers the potential for more realistic and immersive experiences. While vibrotactile feedback is well known, electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has not yet been explored in free-hand interaction with large displays. EMS offers a wide range of different strengths and qualities of haptic feedback. In this paper we first systematically investigate the design space for haptic feedback. Second, we experimentally explore differences between strengths of EMS and vibrotactile feedback. Third, based on the results, we evaluate EMS and vibrotactile feedback with regard to different virtual objects (soft, hard) and interaction with different gestures (touch, grasp, punch) in front of a large display. The results provide a basis for the design of haptic feedback that is appropriate for the given type of interaction and the material.
Renal vascular complications of systemic lupus erythematosus.

enal vascular complications are not infrequently encountered in systemic lupus crythematosus (SLE), and their occurrence can have a profound effect on the clinical course and choice of therapy. A variety of histopathologic lesions of the renal vessels as well as a number of distinct clinical syndromes related to vascular damage may occur In SLE. These renal vasculopathies include vascular Immune complex deposition, noninflammatory necrotizing vasculopathy, thrombotic microangiopathy, and true renal vasculitis. The clinical syndromes of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), anticardiolipin syndrome, and renal vein thrombosis (RVT) are also well-documented vascular coinplications of SLE. Because glomerular pathology is of primary importance in the classification of lupus nephritis, the presence and significance of these vascular lesions are often overlooked. Although the pathogenesis of many of these vascular entities is not fully defined, therapeutic intervention has often been successful. This article reviews their pathology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical course, as well as the various therapeutic strategies used to treat the vascular complications of SLE.
When Traits Are Behaviors: The Relationship Between Behavioral Responses and Trait-Based Overall Assessment Center Ratings

Interest in exercise effects commonly observed in assessment centers (ACs) has resurfaced with Lance, Lambert, Gewin, Lievens, and Conway's 2004 study. The study presented here addressed the construct validity puzzle associated with ACs by investigating whether traditional trait-based overall assessment ratings (OARs) could be explained by behavioral performance on exercises. In a sample of 208 job applicants from a real-world AC, it was found that the multivariate combination of scores from three behavioral checklists explained around 90% (p < .001) of the variance in supposedly trait-based OARs. This study adds to the AC literature by suggesting that traditional OARs are predictive of work outcomes because they reflect exercise-specific behavioral performance rather than trait-based assessments. If this is the case, validity and efficiency are best served by abandoning redundant trait ratings (dimensions) in favor of more direct behavioral ratings.
Relative expressive power of navigational querying on graphs

Motivated by both established and new applications, we study navigational query languages for graphs (binary relations). The simplest language has only the two operators union and composition, together with the identity relation. We make more powerful languages by adding any of the following operators: intersection; set difference; projection; coprojection; converse; transitive closure; and the diversity relation. All these operators map binary relations to binary relations. We compare the expressive power of all resulting languages. We do this not only for general path queries (queries where the result may be any binary relation) but also for boolean or yes/no queries (expressed by the nonemptiness of an expression). For both cases, we present the complete Hasse diagram of relative expressiveness. In particular, the Hasse diagram for boolean queries contains nontrivial separations and a few surprising collapses.
Islam and Gender : The Religious Debate in Contemporary Iran

Following the Islamic Revolution of 1979 and the re-introduction of Sharica law relating to gender and the family, women's rights in Iran suffered a major setback. However, as the implementers of the law have faced the social realities of women's lives and aspirations, positive changes have gradually come about. Here Ziba Mir-Hosseini takes us to the heart of the growing debates concerning the ways in which justice for women should be achieved. Through a series of lively interviews with clerics in the Iranian religious center of Qom, she seeks to understand the varying notions of gender that inform Islamic jurisprudence and to explore how clerics today perpetuate and modify these notions.Mir-Hosseini finds three main approaches to the issue: insistence on "traditional" patriarchal interpretations based on "complementarity" but "inequality" between women and men; attempts to introduce "balance" into traditional interpretations; or a radical rethinking of the jurisprudential constructions of gender. She introduces the debates among the commentators by examining key passages in both written and oral texts and by narrating her meetings and discussions with the authors. Unique in its approach and its subject matter, the book relates Mir-Hosseini's engagement, as a Muslim woman and a social anthropologist educated and working in the West, with Shii'i Muslim thinkers of various backgrounds and views. In the literature on women in Islam, there is no account of such a face-to-face encounter, either between religion and gender politics or between the two genders.
Prevalence and predictors of white-coat response in patients with treated hypertension.

BACKGROUND White-coat response, defined as higher office blood pressure readings than ambulatory readings, is common. Few studies have estimated its prevalence among subjects with treated hypertension, and almost none have defined its determinants. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of white-coat response among subjects with treated hypertension and to determine whether the phenomenon could be predicted using clinical and psychometric data. METHODS A total of 103 treated patients (55 men and 48 women) with uncontrolled hypertension who attended a hypertension outpatient clinic in Saskatoon between September 1993 and December 1995 were entered into the study. Patients had at least 2 clinic blood pressure readings of 140/90 mm Hg or higher, had no target organ damage or left ventricular hypertrophy, and had been prescribed 2 or more classes of antihypertensive drugs. Patients had blood pressure measured in the supine position in the clinic, were placed on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and then completed questionnaires before returning to the clinic. Patients were classified as exhibiting a white-coat response if their mean daytime ambulatory systolic/diastolic blood pressure was 139/89 mm Hg (both) or less, or if the systolic/diastolic pressure was at least 20/15 mm Hg (both) lower than the clinic reading. RESULTS Eleven men (20%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 10%-33%) and 26 women (54%, 95% CI 39%-69%) showed white-coat response. Logistic regression modelling showed that determinants such as stress had significantly different effects among men and women. Separate models were therefore created for men and women. For women, perceived level of stress was the most important predictor of white-coat response (odds ratio [OR] per unit 7.0, 95% CI 1.3-36.0), followed by time since diagnosis. For men, depression was a weak predictor, with higher depression scores predicting sustained hypertension (OR per unit 1.2, 95% CI 1.01-1.5). INTERPRETATION Sex is an important factor in white-coat response. Attempts to predict white-coat response from psychometric variables should take sex differences into account. Clinical variables were not effective as predictors of white-coat response.
Association among depression, cognitive impairment and executive dysfunction after stroke

The relationship between depression and cognitive impairment, frequent after stroke, is complex and has not been sufficiently elucidated. Objective To review the relationship between post-stroke depression and cognitive impairment. Methods We performed a PubMed database search spanning the last ten years, using the terms post-stroke depression, cognitive dysfunction, cognitive impairment and neuropsychological tests. Our target studies were original quantitative studies that investigated the relationship between post-stroke depression (PSD) and cognitive impairment in stroke patients. Articles published in English, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese were considered. Selection criteria were the use of neuropsychological tests to assess cognitive function, and of either instruments to diagnose major depression, or scales to assess depressive symptoms, within the first three months after stroke. Results Six original quantitative studies fulfilled the criteria. The prevalence of PSD within the first three months after stroke ranged from 22% to 31%. Incidence ranged from 25% to 27% and was evaluated in only two studies. PSD was associated with increased cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment was reported in 35.2% to 87% of the patients. Post-stroke cognitive deficits were reported mostly in executive function, memory, language, and speed of processing. Conclusion Executive dysfunction and depression occur in stroke survivors, are frequently coexistent, and also associated with worse stroke prognosis. Healthcare professionals need to address and provide adequate treatment for depression and executive dysfunctions in stroke patients early in the first three months after stroke. Future studies should evaluate the efficacy of programs evaluating the early detection and treatment of PSD and executive dysfunction in stroke survivors.
Speech emotion recognition based on HMM and SVM

Automatic emotion recognition in speech is a current research area with a wide range of applications in human-machine interactions. This paper uses two classification methods, the hidden Markov model (HMM) and the support vector machine (SVM), to classify five emotional states: anger, happiness, sadness, surprise and a neutral state. In the HMM method, 39 candidate instantaneous features were extracted, and the sequential forward selection (SFS) method was used to find the best feature subset. The classification performance of the selected feature subset was then compared with that of the Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC). Within the method based on SVM, a new vector measuring the difference between Mel frequency scale sub-bands energies is proposed. The performance of the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifier using the proposed vector was also investigated. Both gender dependent and gender independent experiments were conducted on the Danish emotional speech (DES) database. The recognition rates by the HMM classifier were 98.9% for female subjects, 100% for male subjects, and 99.5% for gender independent cases. When the SVM classifier and the proposed feature vector were employed, correct classification rates of 89.4%, 93.6% and 88.9% were obtained for male, female and gender independent cases respectively.
Subcongenic Analyses Reveal Complex Interactions between Distal Chromosome 4 Genes Controlling Diabetogenic B Cells and CD4 T Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice

Autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) in humans and NOD mice results from interactions between multiple susceptibility genes (termed Idd) located within and outside the MHC. Despite sharing ∼88% of their genome with NOD mice, including the H2g7 MHC haplotype and other important Idd genes, the closely related nonobese resistant (NOR) strain fails to develop T1D because of resistance alleles in residual genomic regions derived from C57BLKS mice mapping to chromosomes (Chr.) 1, 2, and 4. We previously produced a NOD background strain with a greatly decreased incidence of T1D as the result of a NOR-derived 44.31-Mb congenic region on distal Chr. 4 containing disease-resistance alleles that decrease the pathogenic activity of autoreactive B and CD4 T cells. In this study, a series of subcongenic strains for the NOR-derived Chr. 4 region was used to significantly refine genetic loci regulating diabetogenic B and CD4 T cell activity. Analyses of these subcongenic strains revealed the presence of at least two NOR-origin T1D resistance genes within this region. A 6.22-Mb region between rs13477999 and D4Mit32, not previously known to contain a locus affecting T1D susceptibility and now designated Idd25, was found to contain the main NOR gene(s) dampening diabetogenic B cell activity, with Ephb2 and/or Padi2 being strong candidates as the causal variants. Penetrance of this Idd25 effect was influenced by genes in surrounding regions controlling B cell responsiveness and anergy induction. Conversely, the gene(s) controlling pathogenic CD4 T cell activity was mapped to a more proximal 24.26-Mb region between the rs3674285 and D4Mit203 markers.
A Quantum Probability Account of Order Effects in Inference

Order of information plays a crucial role in the process of updating beliefs across time. In fact, the presence of order effects makes a classical or Bayesian approach to inference difficult. As a result, the existing models of inference, such as the belief-adjustment model, merely provide an ad hoc explanation for these effects. We postulate a quantum inference model for order effects based on the axiomatic principles of quantum probability theory. The quantum inference model explains order effects by transforming a state vector with different sequences of operators for different orderings of information. We demonstrate this process by fitting the quantum model to data collected in a medical diagnostic task and a jury decision-making task. To further test the quantum inference model, a new jury decision-making experiment is developed. Using the results of this experiment, we compare the quantum inference model with two versions of the belief-adjustment model, the adding model and the averaging model. We show that both the quantum model and the adding model provide good fits to the data. To distinguish the quantum model from the adding model, we develop a new experiment involving extreme evidence. The results from this new experiment suggest that the adding model faces limitations when accounting for tasks involving extreme evidence, whereas the quantum inference model does not. Ultimately, we argue that the quantum model provides a more coherent account for order effects that was not possible before.
Public Attitudes towards Advertising

Since advertising has long been a ubiquitous and pervasive part of American culture, public opinion researchers, advertising practitioners and academics have been interested in public attitudes towards advertising. The first public opinion surveys were undertaken during the Depression; this article begins with them and chronicles 38 public opinion surveys concerning advertising. Although differences in sampling and methodology do not permit rigorous correlations, the chronological order in which the studies are presented allows a broad and general view of the changing attitudes of the American public regarding advertising. These changing attitudes are summarized in a graph at the end of the article. Probable explanations for these changes are offered in the conclusions. This is followed by a suggestion for future research concerning a comparative study with the United Kingdom and the identification of possible world-wide causes of shifts in public attitudes.
Development of a Noninvasive Method for Detecting and Monitoring the Time Course of Helicobacter pylori Infection

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori infection status following experimental inoculation of mice presently requires euthanasia. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for following the time course of H. pylori infection in live experimental animals. Twenty-six C57BL/6, Helicobacter-free female mice were inoculated with H. pylori Sydney strain 1, and 16 mice were sham inoculated. The mice were repeatedly tested during a period of about 1 year with an H. pylori species-specific primer-based PCR analysis of DNA extracted from fecal pellets of mice. The mice were euthanized at 6 months (n = 15) and 10 months (n = 15) to determine their infection status by histology, culture, and PCR of gastric specimens. H. pylori-inoculated mice were tested via the PCR method at 6 and 10 months prior to necropsy. Nine of 13 (69%) and 10 of 13 (77%) mice tested at 6 and 10 months, respectively, were positive. All sham-inoculated mice were negative. These two PCR results suggested a specificity of 100% with a sensitivity range between 69 and 77%. In contrast, sensitivity and specificity rose to 90 and 100% if groups of mice were tested once daily for 4 days. Seventy-seven to 85% of the experimental mice were also positive for H. pylori by culture. The histopathology demonstrated mild to severe gastritis. These findings demonstrate that the persistence or transience of H. pylori infection in live mice can be repeatedly evaluated over time. This method could allow the determination of the time course of infection and the efficacy of medications and/or vaccine without necropsy.