Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Society of cardiac angiography and interventions: Suggested management of the no‐reflow phenomenon in the cardiac catheterization laboratory

The interventional cardiologist makes a provisional diagnosis of the no-reflow phenomenon in the presence of an acute reduction in coronary flow despite a widely patent epicardial vessel during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Its occurrence is recognized as a column of contrast arising distal to the original target stenosis that does not rapidly clear [1–3]. The precise pathophysiologic mechanisms are uncertain, although flow-limiting spasm of the distal microvasculature, distal thromboembolism, and microembolization of atherosclerotic debris are believed to be operative, in some combination, in most cases [4,5]. No-reflow as a cardiac phenomenon was originally identified in experimental models of acute myocardial infarction and described as the failure to restore normal myocardial blood flow despite subsequent removal of the coronary arterial obstruction, attributable to microvascular damage related to irreversible ischemic changes and local edema. It has been recognized for over a decade clinically [6,7] as an uncommon (0.6–2.0%) complication of PCI [1,2,6]. It occurs frequently following thrombolytic or mechanical reperfusion for acute myocardial infarction and in the setting of unstable angina [3,7,8]. It is most common during use of rotational atherectomy [9,10] and during PCI in saphenous vein grafts [2]. The purpose of this review is to define the angiographic appearance and clinical outcomes of no-reflow and to summarize the various treatment and prevention options currently available to the interventional cardiologist.
Chemical inhibitors of phagosome-lysosome fusion in cultured macrophages also inhibit saltatory lysosomal movements. A combined microscopic and computer study

The effects on lysosomal movements produced by the weak base ammonium chloride and by a representative polyanion poly-D-glutamic acid (PGA), previously reported to inhibit phagosome-lysosome (P-L) fusion, have been studied in cultured mouse macrophages using direct visual phase- contrast microscopy, a previously described (1, 3, 7) fluorescence assay of fusion, and computer analysis techniques. Treatment of the macrophages with 5-10 mM NH4Cl for 0.5-2 h or with 100 micrograms PGA/ml for 5 d caused a striking inhibition of saltatory lysosomal movements, as well as the expected inhibition of P-L fusion. Two other anionic fusion inhibitors tested, dextran sulphate and suramin, inhibited movements similarly. Removal of the NH4Cl from the cell medium reversed the lysosomal stasis and restored P-L fusion. Computer analyses of changes in lysosomal positions in treated and untreated macrophages during 2, 10, and 30-s intervals, using data from photomicrographs, computer graphics, and quantitative nearest-neighbour techniques developed for this purpose, supported the qualitative visual observation of the inhibition of lysosomal movements by the fusion inhibitors NH4Cl and PGA. Over the chosen intervals, from 80 to 96% of the lysosomes could be paired within 1 micron of each other in the NH4Cl- and PGA-treated cells in comparison with 50-70% in normal cells. The differences between the drug-treated and normal cells were highly significant. In an analogous system, the lysosomal stasis induced by hypertonic sucrose was examined and it was observed that P-L fusion too was inhibited. Both effects were reversible. We conclude that inhibition of P-L fusion and of lysosomal movement are associated. We suggest a causal relationship between these changes, namely, that the lysosomotropic inhibitors of fusion under study produce their effects largely, though perhaps not exclusively, by reducing saltatory lysosomal motion and consequently periphagosomal assembly, rather than directly and independently on P-L contact or on the fusion process itself. The possibility is raised that microtubules may be involved in the effector mechanism of these modulations.
Why Music in Schools? Students' Written Responses: A Descriptive Analysis

Even today, over 150 years after Lowell Mason convinced the Boston School Committee to include music in schools, music educators must continue to justify music education as a necessary component of every child's education. Music was the first of the fine arts to secure a place in the curriculum of the public schools in the United States because it was so strongly interwoven into the community. The fact that music was an integral part of living suggested that it should be an integral part of school experiences.
Trust and Trustworthiness Among Economics Majors

We use a simple trust-game to elicit trusting and trustworthy behavior among students majoring in economics and other disciplines. We also administer a Social Values Orientation (SVO) survey to evaluate any possible correlation between an individual's levels of trust indicated in the survey and his/her action in the game. Our results suggest that although students pursuing a major in economics appear to be no different than other students in choosing trusting actions, when it comes to being trustworthy, the former group always chooses the self payoff maximizing action rather than the trustworthy action. Scores from the SVO survey do not help in predicting trusting or trustworthy behavior in our experiment.
The GOOD-BYE TO DENGUE GAME

This study examined the use of postgame debriefing of a health educational board game activity on dengue fever in a Filipino student population. The debriefing used a series of specific open-ended questions, exploring students’ feelings about the game and game-related questionnaires, students’ perceptions of important information about dengue from the game, new information learned about dengue, areas of improvement on students’ dengue control skills, and suggested areas of improvement for the game. Eighty-one students in Grade 5, Grade 6, and High School Year 1 participated in the in-school debriefing, conducted by seven Filipino student teachers. Eighty out of 81 students indicated “liking” the game. Reasons for liking the game were divided among responses based on their learning about dengue, and also perceived fun. Dengue control and prevention yielded the greatest category response to the question on perceived important material covered by the game.
Post-exercise decrease in handgrip force following a single training session in male and female climbers

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to reveal a possible relationship between maximal gripping force and climbing ability as well as to compare a decrease in handgrip force caused by training session in male and female climbers. Basic procedures. Seventy-four climbers (49 males and 25 females) took part in a climbing session on artificial wall. Grip force of both hands was measured twice - before and after the training session. Main findings. The subjects self-reported their climbing abilities in a quantitative Australian scale. In both groups, climbing ability correlated with handgrip force related to body mass. Relative force significantly decreased (F[1,72] = 53.2, p
Legislating personhood: realising the right to support in exercising legal capacity

Abstract This paper examines the regulation of ‘personhood’ through the granting or denying of legal capacity. It explores the development of the concept of personhood through the lens of moral and political philosophy. It highlights the problem of upholding cognition as a prerequisite for personhood or the granting of legal capacity because it results in the exclusion of people with cognitive disabilities (intellectual, psycho-social, mental disabilities, and others). The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) challenges this notion by guaranteeing respect for the right to legal capacity for people with disabilities on an equal basis with others and in all areas of life (Article 12). The paper uses the CRPD to argue for a conception of personhood that is divorced from cognition and a corresponding recognition of legal capacity as a universal attribute that all persons possess. Finally, a support model for the exercise of legal capacity is proposed as a possible alternative to the existing models of substituted decision-making that deny legal capacity and impose outside decision-makers.
Clopidogrel inhibition of stent, graft, and vascular thrombogenesis with antithrombotic enhancement by aspirin in nonhuman primates.

BACKGROUND A recent study showed that clopidogrel reduces thrombo-occlusive complications in patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis more effectively than aspirin. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of clopidogrel and aspirin have been compared, singly and in combination, for measurements of 111In-labeled platelets and 125I-labeled fibrin deposition in baboon models of arterial thrombosis and related to platelet aggregation and expression of activation epitopes induced by ADP, collagen, and thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP) and to template bleeding times (BTs). Low-dose oral clopidogrel (0.2 mg. kg-1. d-1) produced cumulative (1) intermediate decreases in 111In-platelet and 125I-fibrin deposition for segments of prosthetic vascular graft, deployed endovascular metallic stents, and endarterectomized aorta (P<0.009 in all cases); (2) elimination of ADP-induced platelet aggregation (P<0.001); (3) modest inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation (P<0.01); (4) no reduction in TRAP-induced platelet aggregation; and (5) minimal prolongation of BTs (P=0.03). High-dose oral clopidogrel (>/=2 mg/kg) produced the same effects within 3 hours. The effects of clopidogrel dissipated over 5 to 6 days. Aspirin 10 mg. kg-1. d-1 alone did not decrease 111In-platelet and 125I-fibrin deposition on segments of vascular graft but detectably decreased 111In-platelet and 125I-fibrin accumulation on stents (P<0.01), minimally inhibited ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation (P<0.05 in both cases), and minimally prolonged BTs (P=0.004). Within 3 hours of aspirin administration, the antithrombotic effects of acute high-dose or chronic low-dose clopidogrel were substantially enhanced, and BTs were modestly prolonged without inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by TRAP (P<0.001 in all cases compared with clopidogrel alone). CONCLUSIONS Clopidogrel produces irreversible, dose-dependent, intermediate reduction in thrombosis that is substantially enhanced by the addition of aspirin. The effects of combining aspirin and clopidogrel need to be evaluated in patients at risk of vascular thrombosis.
How Image Degradations Affect Deep CNN-Based Face Recognition?

Face recognition approaches that are based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been dominating the field. The performance improvements they have provided in the so called in-the-wild datasets are significant, however, their performance under image quality degradations have not been assessed, yet. This is particularly important, since in real-world face recognition applications, images may contain various kinds of degradations due to motion blur, noise, compression artifacts, color distortions, and occlusion. In this work, we have addressed this problem and analyzed the influence of these image degradations on the performance of deep CNN-based face recognition approaches using the standard LFW closed-set identification protocol. We have evaluated three popular deep CNN models, namely, the AlexNet, VGG-Face, and GoogLeNet. Results have indicated that blur, noise, and occlusion cause a significant decrease in performance, while deep CNN models are found to be robust to distortions, such as color distortions and change in color balance.
Measuring A Customer Intimacy Culture In A Value Discipline Context

The purpose of the study was to evaluate a questionnaire for the assessment of a customer intimacy culture in the value discipline context. The main survey was completed by using a convenience sample of permanent employees (N = 200) at line, middle and top management levels of an organisation in the entertainment industry. This sample was taken from staff on structured developmental paths, while attending scheduled training events. The 169 completed questionnaires that were returned were used for the final data analyses. Owing to the small sample size, an adapted procedure for first- and second-level factor analyses was used, followed by an iterative item analysis. The preliminary findings suggest that the questionnaire can be applied for assessing customer intimacy cultures. Opsomming Die doel van hierdie studie was om ’n vraelys te evalueer vir die beoordeling van ’n klientintimiteitskultuur in die waardedissipline konteks. Die hoofopname is voltooi deur ’n gerieflikheidsteekproef (N = 200) van permanente personeel in lyn, middel- en topbestuursvlakke van ’n organisasie in die vermaaklikheidsbedryf te gebruik. Die steekproef is geneem vanuit personeel in gestruktureerde ontwikkelingspaaie wat geskeduleerde opleidingsgeleenthede bygewoon het. Die 169 voltooide vraelyste wat terugontvang is, is vir die finale dataontleding gebruik. Weens die klein steekproefgrootte, is ’n aangepaste prosedure vir eerste- en tweedevlakfaktorontleding gebruik, gevolg deur ’n iteratiewe itemontleding. Die voorlopige bevindinge dui daarop dat die vraelys toegepas kan word vir die beoordeling van ’n klientintimiteitskultuur.
Brief Introductory Psychology Textbooks: An Objective Analysis

Given the rising cost of textbooks, the one-term nature of most introductory psychology courses, and the length of “regular“ introductory psychology textbooks, many psychology teachers may be interested in briefer, less expensive paperback introductory textbooks. We performed an objective analysis of these briefer textbooks. Our approach was similar to Weiten's (1988) analysis of regular introductory textbooks and to Webb's (1991) analysis of the three editions of the Boring, Langfeld, and Weld textbook. Overall data and the results for each text are provided, as well as a comparison with Weiten's data for regular texts. Prices are also briefly discussed. These data supplement Weiten's normative data.
Automatic Discovery of Protein Motifs Using Genetic Programming

Automated methods of machine learning may prove to be useful in discovering biologically meaningful information hidden in the rapidly growing databases of DNA sequences and protein sequences. Genetic programming is an extension of the genetic algorithm in which a population of computer programs is bred, over a series of generations, in order to solve a problem. Genetic programming is capable of evolving complicated problem-solving expressions of unspecified size and shape. Moreover, when automatically defined functions are added to genetic programming, genetic programming becomes capable of efficiently capturing and exploiting recurring sub-patterns. This chapter describes how genetic programming with automatically defined functions successfully evolved motifs for detecting the D-E-A-D box family of proteins and for
Interleukin-18 expression in cystic fibrosis lungs.

susceptible populations to environmental exposures, we are developing a gene expression database for a rat cardiopulmonary disease model exposed to air pollutants. The spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rat with underlying cardiovascular and pulmonary disease risk is being utilized toward these efforts. SH rats with polygenic traits toward hypertension exhibit similar heritable risk factors that are found in patients with COPD. We have shown that SH rats are more susceptible to lung injury/inflammation, and oxidative stress from exposure to combustion source particles, and from experimental induction of pulmonary disease compared to healthy normotensive Wistar rats. SH rats also elicited an inflammatory response to ETS exposure, which is less remarkable in other conventional rat strains used in laboratory studies. To understand the molecular basis for the inflammatory response, we screened for a pulmonary gene expression profile in SH rats exposed to ETS. Male SH rats (12 weeks old) were exposed either to filtered air or ETS at 90 mg/m for 6 h/d for 2 consecutive days; on the third day, total RNA was isolated from right lung lobes. Pulmonary gene expression was assayed by hybridizing P-labeled complementary DNA generated from total RNA to Atlas Rat complementary DNA expression array filter containing 588 genes (Clontech; Palo Alto, CA). Gene expression profile data indicated strong hybridization signals for 40 genes, including N-myc, p53, transforming growth factor, p21, baxand cytokine macrophage inflammatory protein-2. Pairwise comparison indicated ETS exposure-associated differential expression in 16 genes: increased expression of CYPIA1, calcium pump, RhoGAP, p122, and decreased expression of bile salt-activated lipase precursor, a fatty acid binding protein and fatty acid amide hydrolase. ETS induced a twofold to threefold increase in macrophage inflammatory protein-2 expression, suggesting lung injury and inflammation. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 suggests a possible release of proteases from ETS-induced infiltration of neutrophils into the airways, consistent with our earlier observations. Increased expression of p27(Kip1), caspase-1, and Stat3 observed in the present study further supports apoptosis of infiltrating neutrophils in the lungs following exposure to ETS. Efforts are underway to explore whether long-term ETS exposure of SH rats will lead to a chronic disease state. A comprehensive expression database indicating ETS-induced changes in susceptible animal models will provide identification and the role of risk factors in understanding health effects of ETS and other environmental pollutant-induced cardiopulmonary disease. Interleukin-18 Expression in Cystic Fibrosis Lungs*
Incremental real-time multibody VSLAM with trajectory optimization using stereo camera

Real-time outdoor navigation in highly dynamic environments is an crucial problem. The recent literature on real-time static SLAM don't scale up to dynamic outdoor environments. Most of these methods assume moving objects as outliers or discard the information provided by them. We propose an algorithm to jointly infer the camera trajectory and the moving object trajectory simultaneously. In this paper, we perform a sparse scene flow based motion segmentation using a stereo camera. The segmented objects motion models are used for accurate localization of the camera trajectory as well as the moving objects. We exploit the relationship between moving objects for improving the accuracy of the poses. We formulate the poses as a factor graph incorporating all the constraints. We achieve exact incremental solution by solving a full nonlinear optimization problem in real time. The evaluation is performed on the challenging KITTI dataset with multiple moving cars. Our method outperforms the previous baselines in outdoor navigation.
Change in teachers' knowledge of subject matter: A 17‐year longitudinal study

This longitudinal study explored change in teachers' knowledge of subjects they teach from preservice training through 17 years of professional experience. It followed secondary school science teachers in Australia, through sequences of individual interviews in which change in content knowledge (mainly energy-related) was probed primarily via concept profiles—a word-association method. Change was found to be multifaceted, with details of unused content fading from memory, alongside growth that results from improved understanding and reorganization of structure more than from accretion of new material. Across personal and professional life tracks that produce variation between individuals, development is facilitated by “critical mass” of teachers' knowledge and interest in their chosen disciplines of study and certification, whereas deficiencies tend to persist in the other subjects they are asked to teach. The required curriculum is the single most powerful determinant of teacher knowledge, serving as both its organizer and source. Based on the study, a three-phase model of teacher content-knowledge development is proposed, and the discussion highlights the need for career-long support for growth, even in teachers' major subjects where expertise is taken for granted. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed92:221–251, 2008
A framework for block-based timing sensitivity analysis

Since process and environmental variations can no longer be ignored in high-performance microprocessor designs, it is necessary to develop techniques for computing the sensitivities of the timing slacks to parameter variations. This additional slack information enables designers to examine paths that have large sensitivities to various parameters: such paths are not robust, even though they may have large nominal slacks and may hence be ignored in traditional timing analysis. We present a framework for block-based timing analysis, where the parameters are specified as ranges - rather than statistical distributions which are hard to know in practice. We show that our approach - which scales well with the number of processors - is accurate at all values of the parameters within the specified bounds, and not just at the worst- case corner. This allows the designers to quantify the robustness of the design at any design point. We validate our approach on circuit blocks extracted from a commercial 45 nm microprocessor.
Expanding the Teaching Games for Understanding Model: New Avenues for Future Research and Practice

There has been considerable debate regarding the delivery and outcomes of games experiences in physical education. In particular, the relative benefits of the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) approach have been compared to traditional skill-drill approaches to games teaching. However, many discussions of TGfU have focused on cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes, neglecting the affective domain. The purpose of this article is to review TGfU research, to present an extended TGfU model, and to suggest new avenues for future research and practice. Future research directions include consideration of learning with respect to cognitive, behavioral, and affective characteristics.
The Effect of Personality on the Spiral of Silence Process

The effect of three personality constructs (authoritarian personality, independent self-construal, and interdependent self-construal) were investigated in the spiral of silence process. Three controversial topics used in the study (n=714) were abortion, affirmative action, and capital punishment. The findings of the study did not support the main thesis of the spiral of silence theory that people would speak out when they perceive the opinion climate to be congruent with their own opinions. The results showed that people became more outspoken when they were in the minority in the three controversial topics. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that, as a block, three personality types were significant predictors of public outspokenness in abortion and capital punishment. The general pattern of individual personality types across topics indicated that interdependent self-construal negatively associated with public outspokenness and independent self-construal positively associated with public outspokenness. In the interaction terms between personality and opinion congruence, except for the abortion issue, interdependent people were more sensitive to the fluctuation of the opinion climate by becoming silent in the incongruent opinion climate and speaking out in the congruent opinion climate. On the other hand, independent individuals were more likely to be outspoken when the opinion climate was incongruent. This study demonstrated the possibility of examining the spiral of silence phenomenon in more detail through individual-level characteristics such as personality. Finally, implications of the study were discussed.