Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Separation of Radio-Frequency Sources and Localization of Partial Discharges in Noisy Environments

The detection of partial discharges (PD) can help in early-warning detection systems to protect critical assets in power systems. The radio-frequency emission of these events can be measured with antennas even when the equipment is in service which reduces dramatically the maintenance costs and favours the implementation of condition-based monitoring systems. The drawback of these type of measurements is the difficulty of having a reference signal to study the events in a classical phase-resolved partial discharge pattern (PRPD). Therefore, in open-air substations and overhead lines where interferences from radio and TV broadcasting and mobile communications are important sources of noise and other pulsed interferences from rectifiers or inverters can be present, it is difficult to identify whether there is partial discharges activity or not. This paper proposes a robust method to separate the events captured with the antennas, identify which of them are partial discharges and localize the piece of equipment that is having problems. The separation is done with power ratio (PR) maps based on the spectral characteristics of the signal and the identification of the type of event is done localizing the source with an array of four antennas. Several classical methods to calculate the time differences of arrival (TDOA) of the emission to the antennas have been tested, and the localization is done using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to minimize a distance function.
Uncoupling of inflammation and insulin resistance by NF-κB in transgenic mice through elevated energy expenditure.

Uncoupling of inflammation and insulin resistance by NFB in transgenic mice through elevated energy expenditure. Tianyi Tang, Jin Zhang, Jun Yin, Jaroslaw Staszkiewicz, Barbara Gawronska-Kozak, Dae Young Jung, Hwi Jin Ko, Helena Ong, Jason K. Kim, Randy Mynatt, Roy J. Martin, Michael Keenan, Zhanguo Gao, and Jianping Ye After publication of this article, we found an error in Figs. 2E and 5E. Specifically, the figures present energy expenditure results that are normalized with the whole body mass. This is inconsistent with the figure legends, which indicate normalization with the lean body mass. Below, we present the corrected figures tomatch the figure legends. The difference in normalization does not influence the conclusion based on the figures that energy expenditure is enhanced in aP2-p65 mice on either a chow diet (Fig. 2E) or a high fat diet (Fig. 5E). This correction does not influence the conclusion of the entire study that inflammation is uncoupled with insulin resistance in the transgenic mice.
A survey of TCP over ad hoc networks

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) was designed to provide reliable end-to-end delivery of data over unreliable networks. In practice, most TCP deployments have been carefully designed in the context of wired networks. Ignoring the properties of wireless ad hoc networks can lead to TCP implementations with poor performance. In order to adapt TCP to the ad hoc environment, improvements have been proposed in the literature to help TCP to differentiate between the different types of losses. Indeed, in mobile or static ad hoc networks losses are not always due to network congestion, as it is mostly the case in wired networks. In this report, we present an overview of this issue and a detailed discussion of the major factors involved. In particular, we show how TCP can be affected by mobility and lower-layer protocols. In addition, we survey the main proposals that are intended to adapting TCP to mobile and static ad hoc environments.
Patterns of Breeding Songbird Diversity and Occurrence in Riparian Habitats of the Eastern Sierra Nevada

We determined several vegetation and environmental features that predicted breeding bird species diversity and focal species occurrence in riparian habitats across three watersheds of the eastern Sierra Nevada bioregion, California. Conducting point counts and associated vegetation assessments at 480 individual riparian points between 1998 and 2000 permitted us to investigate bird and habitat relationships at different spatial scales ranging from the entire study area to specific habitat types within climate zones falling along elevational and latitudinal gradients. In particular, Aspen and Black Willow habitats were positively correlated with breeding species diversity, as were tree species richness, width of the riparian zone and elevation. Habitat models predicting the occurrence of Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia), Warbling Vireos (Vireo gilvus), Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) and Black-headed Grosbeaks (Pheucticus melanocephalus) accurately classified 65-83% of test sites, and highlighted the importance of habitat features including aspen (Populus tremuloides) cover, riparian width, grass cover, tree species richness and tree height. This effort is the first of its kind for the region, and results can be applied to local and statewide riparian management and restoration efforts. determined habitat and landscape characteristics that influence western bird populations at large spatial scales in California's Klamath bioregion (Alexander 1999), the Northern Rocky Mountains (Hutto and Young 1999) and the Columbia Plateau (Holmes and Ge upel 2000). Managers can use results derived from these approaches to determine which vegetative features to manage for regionally (Hutto and Young 1999). It is sometimes inappropriate to extrapolate bird habitat relationships derived from a small study area (Wiens 1981; Knopf and Samson 1994), and large-scale conservation efforts are rarely orchestrated from the management unit level where research and monitoring is conducted. Therefore, state and bioregional riparian songbird and habitat conservation efforts (e.g. RHJV 2000) need data derived from larger scale projects to fulfill some of their more general objectives.
Volcanic eruptions and climate

Volcanic eruptions are an important natural cause of climate change on many timescales. A new capability to predict the climatic response to a large tropical eruption for the succeeding 2 years will prove valuable to society. In addition, to detect and attribute anthropogenic influences on climate, including effects of greenhouse gases, aerosols, and ozone‐depleting chemicals, it is crucial to quantify the natural fluctuations so as to separate them from anthropogenic fluctuations in the climate record. Studying the responses of climate to volcanic eruptions also helps us to better understand important radiative and dynamical processes that respond in the climate system to both natural and anthropogenic forcings. Furthermore, modeling the effects of volcanic eruptions helps us to improve climate models that are needed to study anthropogenic effects. Large volcanic eruptions inject sulfur gases into the stratosphere, which convert to sulfate aerosols with an e‐folding residence time of about 1 year. Large ash particles fall out much quicker. The radiative and chemical effects of this aerosol cloud produce responses in the climate system. By scattering some solar radiation back to space, the aerosols cool the surface, but by absorbing both solar and terrestrial radiation, the aerosol layer heats the stratosphere. For a tropical eruption this heating is larger in the tropics than in the high latitudes, producing an enhanced pole‐to‐equator temperature gradient, especially in winter. In the Northern Hemisphere winter this enhanced gradient produces a stronger polar vortex, and this stronger jet stream produces a characteristic stationary wave pattern of tropospheric circulation, resulting in winter warming of Northern Hemisphere continents. This indirect advective effect on temperature is stronger than the radiative cooling effect that dominates at lower latitudes and in the summer. The volcanic aerosols also serve as surfaces for heterogeneous chemical reactions that destroy stratospheric ozone, which lowers ultraviolet absorption and reduces the radiative heating in the lower stratosphere, but the net effect is still heating. Because this chemical effect depends on the presence of anthropogenic chlorine, it has only become important in recent decades. For a few days after an eruption the amplitude of the diurnal cycle of surface air temperature is reduced under the cloud. On a much longer timescale, volcanic effects played a large role in interdecadal climate change of the Little Ice Age. There is no perfect index of past volcanism, but more ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica will improve the record. There is no evidence that volcanic eruptions produce El Niño events, but the climatic effects of El Niño and volcanic eruptions must be separated to understand the climatic response to each.
Expression of Lewy body protein septin 4 in postmortem brain of Parkinson's disease and control subjects

In Parkinson's disease (PD) neuronal degeneration is associated with abnormal protein aggregation in various forms including Lewy bodies (LBs). A major component of LBs is α‐synuclein; septin 4 (SEPT4), a polymerizing GTP‐binding protein that serves as scaffold for diverse molecules has been found to colocalize with α‐synuclein in LBs. The central role of SEPT4 in the etiopathogenesis of PD has been suggested since SEPT4 also shows a physiological association with α‐synuclein and serves as a substrate for parkin. To this end, we studied the expression of septin 4 and α‐synuclein in postmortem human substantia nigra (SN) and amygdala from patients with PD and healthy controls. Twenty patients (14 men : 6 women, onset 63.0 ± 11.4 years, age 77.3 ± 7.6 years, Hoehn and Yahr 4.05/5) and 9 neurologically healthy controls (4 men/5 women, age at death 80.1 ± 8.6 years) were studied. Sporadic PD cases showed a statistically significant decrease of the fold change (FC) of SNCA (FC = 0.31, P = 0.00001) and SEPT4 (FC = 0.67, P = 0.054) gene expressions in the SN and the amygdala (SNCA: FC = 0.49, P = 0.02; SEPT4: FC = 0.32, P = 0.007) versus healthy controls. However, an increase of both proteins in PD versus control subjects was observed with immunoblotting. The semi‐quantitative protein ratio calculations revealed more than 10‐fold increases for both SEPT4 and α‐synuclein in PD versus control subjects. We present for the first time similar signal expression patterns and parallel accumulation of SEPT4 and α‐synuclein in well‐characterized postmortem PD brain. Considering the heterogeneous etiology of sporadic PD and the variability of individual human samples, SEPT4 accumulation may be regarded as one of the common pathological changes in PD and should therefore be further explored. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Separating acoustic deviance from novelty during the first year of life: a review of event-related potential evidence

Orienting to salient events in the environment is a first step in the development of attention in young infants. Electrophysiological studies have indicated that in newborns and young infants, sounds with widely distributed spectral energy, such as noise and various environmental sounds, as well as sounds widely deviating from their context elicit an event-related potential (ERP) similar to the adult P3a response. We discuss how the maturation of event-related potentials parallels the process of the development of passive auditory attention during the first year of life. Behavioral studies have indicated that the neonatal orientation to high-energy stimuli gradually changes to attending to genuine novelty and other significant events by approximately 9 months of age. In accordance with these changes, in newborns, the ERP response to large acoustic deviance is dramatically larger than that to small and moderate deviations. This ERP difference, however, rapidly decreases within first months of life and the differentiation of the ERP response to genuine novelty from that to spectrally rich but repeatedly presented sounds commences during the same period. The relative decrease of the response amplitudes elicited by high-energy stimuli may reflect development of an inhibitory brain network suppressing the processing of uninformative stimuli. Based on data obtained from healthy full-term and pre-term infants as well as from infants at risk for various developmental problems, we suggest that the electrophysiological indices of the processing of acoustic and contextual deviance may be indicative of the functioning of auditory attention, a crucial prerequisite of learning and language development.
The Human Operculo-Insular Cortex Is Pain-Preferentially but Not Pain-Exclusively Activated by Trigeminal and Olfactory Stimuli

Increasing evidence about the central nervous representation of pain in the brain suggests that the operculo-insular cortex is a crucial part of the pain matrix. The pain-specificity of a brain region may be tested by administering nociceptive stimuli while controlling for unspecific activations by administering non-nociceptive stimuli. We applied this paradigm to nasal chemosensation, delivering trigeminal or olfactory stimuli, to verify the pain-specificity of the operculo-insular cortex. In detail, brain activations due to intranasal stimulation induced by non-nociceptive olfactory stimuli of hydrogen sulfide (5 ppm) or vanillin (0.8 ppm) were used to mask brain activations due to somatosensory, clearly nociceptive trigeminal stimulations with gaseous carbon dioxide (75% v/v). Functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) images were recorded from 12 healthy volunteers in a 3T head scanner during stimulus administration using an event-related design. We found that significantly more activations following nociceptive than non-nociceptive stimuli were localized bilaterally in two restricted clusters in the brain containing the primary and secondary somatosensory areas and the insular cortices consistent with the operculo-insular cortex. However, these activations completely disappeared when eliminating activations associated with the administration of olfactory stimuli, which were small but measurable. While the present experiments verify that the operculo-insular cortex plays a role in the processing of nociceptive input, they also show that it is not a pain-exclusive brain region and allow, in the experimental context, for the interpretation that the operculo-insular cortex splay a major role in the detection of and responding to salient events, whether or not these events are nociceptive or painful.
Bioinformatics Original Paper Gene Selection in Cancer Classification Using Sparse Logistic Regression with Bayesian Regularization

Motivation: Gene selection algorithms for cancer classification, based on the expression of a small number of biomarker genes, have been the subject of considerable research in recent years. Shevade and Keerthi propose a gene selection algorithm based on sparse logistic regression (SLogReg) incorporating a Laplace prior to promote sparsity in the model parameters, and provide a simple but efficient training procedure. The degree of sparsity obtained is determined by the value of a regularization parameter, which must be carefully tuned in order to optimize performance. This normally involves a model selection stage, based on a computationally intensive search for the mini-mizer of the cross-validation error. In this paper, we demonstrate that a simple Bayesian approach can be taken to eliminate this regu-larization parameter entirely, by integrating it out analytically using an uninformative Jeffrey's prior. The improved algorithm (BLogReg) is then typically two or three orders of magnitude faster than the original algorithm, as there is no longer a need for a model selection step. The BLogReg algorithm is also free from selection bias in performance estimation, a common pitfall in the application of machine learning algorithms in cancer classification. Results: The SLogReg, BLogReg and Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) gene selection algorithms are evaluated over the well-studied colon cancer and leukaemia benchmark datasets. The leave-one-out estimates of the probability of test error and cross-entropy of the BLogReg and SLogReg algorithms are very similar, however the BlogReg algorithm is found to be considerably faster than the original SLogReg algorithm. Using nested cross-validation to avoid selection bias, performance estimation for SLogReg on the leukaemia dataset takes almost 48 h, whereas the corresponding result for BLogReg is obtained in only 1 min 24 s, making BLogReg by far the more practical algorithm. BLogReg also demonstrates better estimates of conditional probability than the RVM, which are of great importance in medical applications, with similar computational expense. Availability: A MATLAB implementation of the sparse logistic regression algorithm with Bayesian regularization (BLogReg) is available from
Matrine inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

Matrine, an alkaloid extracted from a Chinese herb, Sophora flavescens AIT. , has exhibited anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic abilities against various types of cancer cells. This study aims to investigate its anti-cancer activity and underlying mechanisms in human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Human BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells, and human HL-7702 liver cells were incubated with matrine at different concentrations. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell apoptosis, by flow cytometry. Subcutaneous BxPC-3 xenograft tumors were established in nude BALB/c mice, and matrine was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered. The tumors were monitored and harvested. Tumor sections were immunostained with an anti-Ki-67 antibody (Ab) to examine cell proliferation, or stained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labeling (TUNEL) to evaluate in situ cell apoptosis. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and several apoptosis-related proteins in cells and tumor tissues were evaluated by Western blot analysis. In in vitro assays, matrine inhibited cell viability by downregulating the expression of PCNA, and induced cell apoptosis by reducing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, upregulating Fas, and increasing activation of caspases-8,-3 and -9, in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of matrine inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner, and regulated tumoral gene expression consistent with the in vitro results. But matrine had no significant effects on the viability of HL-7702 cells or the bodyweight of mice compared to controls. These results indicate matrine may be a potential and promising agent of natural resource to treat pancreatic cancer.
Massive CO2 Ice Deposits Sequestered in the South Polar Layered Deposits of Mars

Radar measurements reveal a substantial buried deposit of carbon dioxide in the south pole of Mars. Shallow Radar soundings from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal a buried deposit of carbon dioxide (CO2) ice within the south polar layered deposits of Mars with a volume of 9500 to 12,500 cubic kilometers, about 30 times that previously estimated for the south pole residual cap. The deposit occurs within a stratigraphic unit that is uniquely marked by collapse features and other evidence of interior CO2 volatile release. If released into the atmosphere at times of high obliquity, the CO2 reservoir would increase the atmospheric mass by up to 80%, leading to more frequent and intense dust storms and to more regions where liquid water could persist without boiling.
Early life stress, negative paternal relationships, and chemical intolerance in middle-aged women: support for a neural sensitization model.

This study (ntotal = 35) compared early life stress ratings, parental relationships, and health status, notably orthostatic blood pressures, of middle-aged women with low-level chemical intolerance (CI group) and depression, depressives without CI (DEP group), and normals. Environmental chemical intolerance is a symptom of several controversial conditions in which women are overrepresented, that is, sick building syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity, chronic fatigue syndrome, and fibromyalgia. Previous investigators have postulated that people with CI have variants of somatization disorder, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) initiated by childhood abuse or a toxic exposure event. One neurobehavioral model for CI, somatization disorder, recurrent depression, and PTSD is neural sensitization, that is, the progressive amplification of host responses (e.g., behavioral, neurochemical) to repeated intermittent stimuli (e.g., drugs, chemicals, endogenous mediators, stressors). Females are more vulnerable to sensitization than are males. Limbic and mesolimbic pathways mediate central nervous system sensitization. Although both CI and DEP groups had high levels of life stress and past abuse, the CI group had the most distant and weak paternal relationships and highest limbic somatic dysfunction subscale scores. Only the CI group showed sensitization of sitting blood pressures over sessions. Together with prior evidence, these data are consistent with a neural sensitization model for CI in certain women. The findings may have implications for poorer long-term medical as well as neuropsychiatric health outcomes of a subset of women with CI. Subsequent research should test this model in specific clinical diagnostic groups with CI.
Fault-tolerant high-performance matrix multiplication: theory and practice

We extend the theory and practice regarding algorithmic fault-tolerant matrix-matrix multiplication, C=AB, in a number of ways. First, we propose low-overhead methods for detecting errors introduced not only in C but also in A and/or B. Second, we show that, theoretically, these methods will detect all errors as long as only one entry, is corrupted. Third we propose a low-overhead roll-back approach to correct errors once detected. Finally, we give a high-performance implementation of matrix-matrix multiplication that incorporates these error detection and correction methods. Empirical results demonstrate that these methods work well in practice while imposing an acceptable level of overhead relative to high-performance implementations without fault-tolerance.
The Effect of Fatherhood on Employment Hours

Drawing on the life course paradigm, I assess how the effect of fatherhood on employment hours varies by age of becoming a parent and time elapsed since the birth. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth–1979 Cohort from 1979 to 2002 (N = 28,514 observations), separate effects are estimated based on fathers’ marital status and coresidence with own children. Only unmarried men who became fathers before 24 years work longer hours immediately after a first birth, but in the long run, most early fathers work fewer hours as a result of parenthood. Over time, unmarried but coresident men who became fathers between 24 and 29 years increase their hours, as do married, coresident men who delayed fatherhood until 30 years or older. However, the latter increase is moderated by support for egalitarian gender roles. The findings shed light on the contemporary transition to adulthood and on men’s work–family balance.
Recruitment of dynein to late endosomes and lysosomes through light intermediate chains

How cytoplasmic dynein is recruited to diverse organelles remains incompletely understood. Using the first subcellular localization of LIC isoforms, along with RNAi, RILP, and dynactin dominant negatives, the LIC subunits are found to recruit dynein specifically to components of the late endocytic pathway through a dynactin-independent mechanism.