Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity, and transdisciplinarity in health research, services, education and policy: 2. Promotors, barriers, and strategies of enhancement.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary teams are increasingly encouraged in health research, services, education and policy. This paper is the second in a series. The first discussed the definitions, objectives, and evidence of effectiveness of multiple disciplinary teamwork. This paper continues to examine the promotors, barriers, and ways to enhance such teamwork. METHODS The paper is a literature review based on Google and MEDLINE (1982-2007) searches. "Multidisciplinarity", "interdisciplinarity", "transdisciplinarity" and "definition" were used as keywords to identify the pertinent literature. RESULTS The promotors of teamwork success include: good selection of team members, good team leaders, maturity and flexibility of team members, personal commitment, physical proximity of team members, the Internet and email as a supporting platform, incentives, institutional support and changes in the workplace, a common goal and shared vision, clarity and rotation of roles, communication, and constructive comments among team members. The barriers, in general, reflect the situation in which the promotors are lacking. They include: poor selection of the disciplines and team members, poor process of team functioning, lack of proper measures to evaluate success of interdisciplinary work, lack of guidelines for multiple authorship in research publications, language problems, insufficient time or funding for the project, institutional constraints, discipline conflicts, team conflicts, lack of communication between disciplines, and unequal power among disciplines. CONCLUSION Not every health project needs to involve multiple disciplines. Several questions can help in deciding whether a multiple disciplinary approach is required. If multiple disciplinarity is called for, eight strategies to enhance multiple disciplinary teamwork are proposed. They can be summarised in the acronym TEAMWORK - Team, Enthusiasm, Accessibility, Motivation, Workplace, Objectives, Role, Kinship.
A Broad-Spectrum Chemokine-Binding Protein of Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus Inhibits Neutrophil and Monocyte Infiltration in Inflammatory and Wound Models of Mouse Skin

Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) is a Parapoxvirus that induces acute pustular skin lesions in cattle and is transmissible to humans. Previous studies have shown that BPSV encodes a distinctive chemokine-binding protein (CBP). Chemokines are critically involved in the trafficking of immune cells to sites of inflammation and infected tissue, suggesting that the CBP plays a role in immune evasion by preventing immune cells reaching sites of infection. We hypothesised that the BPSV-CBP binds a wide range of inflammatory chemokines particularly those involved in BPSV skin infection, and inhibits the recruitment of immune cells from the blood into inflamed skin. Molecular analysis of the purified protein revealed that the BPSV-CBP is a homodimeric polypeptide with a MW of 82.4 kDa whilst a comprehensive screen of inflammatory chemokines by surface plasmon resonance showed high-affinity binding to a range of chemokines within the CXC, CC and XC subfamilies. Structural analysis of BPSV-CBP, based on the crystal structure of orf virus CBP, provided a probable explanation for these chemokine specificities at a molecular level. Functional analysis of the BPSV-CBP using transwell migration assays demonstrated that it potently inhibited chemotaxis of murine neutrophils and monocytes in response to CXCL1, CXCL2 as well as CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5 chemokines. In order to examine the effects of CBP in vivo, we used murine skin models to determine its impact on inflammatory cell recruitment such as that observed during BPSV infection. Intradermal injection of BPSV-CBP blocked the influx of neutrophils and monocytes in murine skin in which inflammation was induced with lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, intradermal injection of BPSV-CBP into injured skin, which more closely mimics BPSV lesions, delayed the influx of neutrophils and reduced the recruitment of MHC-II+ immune cells to the wound bed. Our findings suggest that the CBP could be important in pathogenesis of BPSV infections.
iArc monogrAphs on the evAluAtion oF cArcinogenic risks to humAns

pReVIously ClAssIfIed by IARC As “CARCInogenIC to humAns (gRoup 1)” And wAs deVeloped by sIx sepARAte woRkIng gRoups: phARmACeutICAls; bIologICAl Agents; ARsenIC, metAls, fIbRes, And dusts; RAdIAtIon; peRsonAl hAbIts And IndooR CombustIons; ChemICAl Agents And RelAted oCCupAtIons. thIs Volume 100f CoVeRs ChemICAl Agents And RelAted oCCupAtIons, speCIfICAlly 4-AmInobIphenyl, benzIdIne, dyes metAbolIzed to benzIdIne, 4,4’-methylenebIs(2-ChloRoAnIlIne), 2-nAphthylAmIne, oRtho-toluIdIne, AuRAmIne And AuRAmIne pRoduCtIon, mAgentA And mAgentA pRoduCtIon, benzo[A]pyRene, CoAl gAsIfICAtIon, oCCupAtIonAl exposuRes duRIng CoAl-tAR dIstIllAtIon, CoAl-tAR pItCh, Coke pRoduCtIon, untReAted oR mIldly tReAted mIneRAl oIls, shAle oIls, soot, As found In oCCupAtIonAl exposuRe of ChImney-sweeps, oCCupAtIonAl exposuRes duRIng AlumInIum pRoduCtIon, AflAtoxIns, benzene, bIs(ChloRomethyl)etheR And ChloRomethyl methyl etheR, 1,3-butAdIene, 2,3,7,8-tetRAChloRodIbenzo-pARA-dIoxIn, 2,3,4,7,8-pentAChloRodIbenzofuRAn, And 3,3’,4,4’,5-pentAChloRobIphenyl, ethylene oxIde, foRmAldehyde, sulfuR mustARd, VInyl ChloRIde, IsopRopyl AlCohol mAnufACtuRe by the stRong-ACId pRoCess, mIsts fRom stRong InoRgAnIC ACIds, oCCupAtIonAl exposuRes duRIng IRon And steel foundIng, oCCupAtIonAl exposuRe As A pAInteR, oCCupAtIonAl exposuRes In the RubbeR mAnufACtuRIng IndustRy. beCAuse the sCope of Volume 100 Is so bRoAd, Its monogRAphs ARe foCused on key InfoRmAtIon. eACh monogRAph pResents A desCRIptIon of A CARCInogenIC Agent And how people ARe exposed, CRItICAl oVeRVIews of the epIdemIologICAl studIes And AnImAl CAnCeR bIoAssAys, And A ConCIse ReVIew of the Agent’s toxICokInetICs, plAusIble meChAnIsms of CARCInogenesIs, And potentIAlly susCeptIble populAtIons, And lIfe-stAges. detAIls of the desIgn And Results of IndIVIduAl epIdemIologICAl studIes And AnImAl CAnCeR bIoAssAys ARe summARIzed In tAbles. shoRt tAbles thAt hIghlIght key Results ARe pRInted In Volume 100, And moRe extensIVe tAbles thAt InClude All studIes AppeAR on the monogRAphs pRogRAmme websIte (http://monogRAphs.IARC.fR). It Is hoped thAt thIs Volume, by CompIlIng the knowledge ACCumulAted thRough seVeRAl deCAdes of CAnCeR ReseARCh, wIll stImulAte CAnCeR pReVentIon ACtIVItIes woRldwIde, And wIll be A VAlued ResouRCe foR futuRe ReseARCh to IdentIfy otheR Agents suspeCted of CAusIng CAnCeR In humAns. D es ig n by A ude la d es m ot s
Measurement of the procoagulant activity of factor VII in patients with liver cirrhosis and normal prothrombin activity: evaluation of the bleeding risk

&NA; Patients with liver cirrhosis and diminished prothrombin activity (PA) have decreased levels of factor (F)VII coagulation activity (FVII:C) and an increased bleeding tendency. Whether this is also true of cirrhotic patients with normal PA is unknown. This study measured FVII:C levels in such patients and investigated the correlation between altered FVII:C levels and bleeding tendency. Fifteen of 41 patients (37%) had decreased FVII:C levels. Of these, the Child‐Pugh score of liver function was A (n = 9), B (n = 5) and C (n = 1), compared to A (n = 25) and B (n = 1) in patients with normal FVII:C values (&thgr;2 = 8.88, P = 0.012). Bleeding time was significantly prolonged in 9/15 patients (60%) with impaired FVII:C activity, compared to 3/26 (12%) patients with normal FVII:C values (relative risk: 5.2, 95% CI: 1.7‐16.6; P = 0.003). In conclusion, liver cirrhosis patients may show impaired FVII:C levels despite normal PA. In those with decreased FVII:C activity, prolonged bleeding time is hypothesized to arise from an alteration in platelet activation due to FVII deficiency and diminished platelet count. Bleeding risk should be evaluated, regardless of platelet count, before these patients are subjected to invasive diagnostic or surgical procedures. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 11 (suppl 1):S95‐S99 © 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
The suitability of the Triple trap for the collection of South African livestock-associated Culicoides species.

The relatively large number of Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) that can be collected with a light trap makes it the most widely used tool for this purpose. However, the majority of these traps were originally designed for collecting mosquitoes. The evaluation and improvement of traps to increase their effectiveness in collecting Culicoides midges will unavoidably form part of research on these insects. In the present study the efficiency of the Triple trap for collecting livestock-associated Culicoides midges was compared with that of the Onderstepoort 220 V, the BG-sentinel and the mini-CDC traps. A unique feature of the Triple trap is that selected surfaces are coated with TiO2 (titanium dioxide) which, in the presence of ultra violet light, acts as a photo-catalyser to produce CO2, which in turn may attract blood-feeding insects. Overall, the Onderstepoort trap collected significantly higher numbers of midges than the others. Relative efficiency varied between different occasions and under some conditions, for example periods with low midge abundance during the winter, the mean numbers collected with the Triple trap did not differ significantly from those of the Onderstepoort or BG-sentinel traps. By replacing the collection chamber of the Triple trap with a sock and beaker, similar to that of the Onderstepoort trap, it can effectively be used for the collection of Culicoides midges.
Presumptive brain influx of large neutral amino acids and the effect of phenylalanine supplementation in patients with Tyrosinemia type 1

Introduction Hereditary Tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is a rare metabolic disease caused by a defect in the tyrosine degradation pathway. Current treatment consists of 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC) and a tyrosine and phenylalanine restricted diet. Recently, neuropsychological deficits have been seen in HT1 patients. These deficits are possibly associated with low blood phenylalanine concentrations and/or high blood tyrosine concentrations. Therefore, the aim of the present study was threefold. Firstly, we aimed to calculate how the plasma amino acid profile in HT1 patients may influence the presumptive brain influx of all large neutral amino acids (LNAA). Secondly, we aimed to investigate the effect of phenylalanine supplementation on presumptive brain phenylalanine and tyrosine influx. Thirdly, we aimed to theoretically determine minimal target plasma phenylalanine concentrations in HT1 patient to ensure adequate presumptive brain phenylalanine influx. Methods Data of plasma LNAA concentrations were obtained. In total, 239 samples of 9 HT1 children, treated with NTBC, diet, and partly with phenylalanine supplementation were collected together with 596 samples of independent control children. Presumptive brain influx of all LNAA was calculated, using Michaelis-Menten parameters (Km) and Vmax-values obtained from earlier articles. Results In HT1 patients, plasma concentrations and presumptive brain influx of tyrosine were higher. However, plasma and especially brain influx of phenylalanine were lower in HT1 patients. Phenylalanine supplementation did not only tend to increase plasma phenylalanine concentrations, but also presumptive brain phenylalanine influx, despite increased plasma tyrosine concentrations. However, to ensure sufficient brain phenylalanine influx in HT1 patients, minimal plasma phenylalanine concentrations may need to be higher than considered thus far. Conclusion This study clearly suggests a role for disturbed brain LNAA biochemistry, which is not well reflected by plasma LNAA concentrations. This could play a role in the pathophysiology of the neuropsychological impairments in HT1 patients and may have therapeutic implications.
Integrating uni- and multicast scheduling in buffered crossbar switches

Internet traffic is a mixture of unicast and multicast flows. Integrated schedulers capable of dealing with both traffic types have been designed mainly for input queued (IQ) buffer-less crossbar switches. Combined input and crossbar queued (CICQ) switches, on the other hand, are known to have better performance than their buffer-less predecessors due to their potential in simplifying the scheduling and improving the switching performance. The design of integrated schedulers in CICQ switches has thus far been neglected. In this paper, we propose a novel CICQ architecture that supports both unicast and multicast traffic along with its appropriate scheduling. In particular, we propose an integrated round robin based scheduler that efficiently services both unicast and multicast traffic simultaneously. Our scheme, named multicast and unicast round robin scheduling (MURS), has been shown to outperform all existing schemes while keeping simple hardware requirements. Simulation results suggested that we can trade the size of the internal buffers for the number of input multicast queues
Two receptors are required for antibody-dependent enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: CD4 and Fc gamma R

Evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection via Fc receptor (FcR) was published previously (A. Takeda, C. U. Tuazon, and F. A. Ennis, Science 242:580-583, 1988). To define the entry mechanism of HIV-1 complexed with anti-HIV-1 antibody, we attempted to determine the receptor molecules responsible for mediating enhancement of HIV-1 infection of monocytic cells. Monoclonal antibodies to FcRI for immunoglobulin G substantially blocked antibody-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, we demonstrate a requirement for the CD4 molecule in antibody-enhanced HIV-1 infection via FcR. Soluble CD4 prevented infection by HIV-1 antibody-treated virus, and enhancement of infection of virus-antibody complexes was abrogated by a monoclonal antibody to CD4 (anti-Leu3a antibody). Treatment of human macrophages with an anti-CD4 antibody also inhibited antibody-enhanced HIV-1 infection of macrophages, supporting our contention that antibody-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 infection via FcR requires CD4 interaction with the virus glycoprotein.
Robust Incremental Structure from Motion

We present a novel method to solve structure and motion problems robustly and incrementally from unordered sets of input images. The proposed method can build large reconstructions without depending on global structure for outlier rejection and starts from the most reliable parts of the data sets. The two main ideas are a strategy to identify reliable subsets of images that have the highest mutual compatibility and an ordering of the reconstruction buildup that gives higher priority to these subsets and merges new information according to this ordering. Another advantage of our buildup strategy is that loop closing is done unbiased by drift in spite of adding correspondence data incrementally. Correspondence information is only locally verified and merged into reconstructions without immediately removing outliers based on globally reconstructed structure. We demonstrate the robustness and scalability of our approach on several large reconstructions from unordered sets of images and indicate the achieved accuracy by preserving the topology of the 3D structure and cameras.
Differential modulation of valence and arousal in high-alexithymic and low-alexithymic individuals

High-alexithymic individuals are characterized by an impaired ability to identify and communicate emotions whereas low-alexithymic individuals have a wide-ranging ability to deal with emotions. This study examined the hypothesis that valence and arousal modifications of emotional stimuli differentially modulate cortical regions in high-alexithymic and low-alexithymic individuals. To this end, 28 high-alexithymic and 25 low-alexithymic individuals were investigated with event-related fMRI using visual emotional stimuli. We found differential neural activations in the dorsal anterior cingulate, the insula and the amygdala. We suggest that these differences may account for the impaired ability of high-alexithymic individuals to appropriately handle emotional stimuli.
ENTREPRENEURIAL E-COMMERCE MARKETING TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) IN BANDAR LAMPUNG CITY

In Bandar Lampung, approximately 18% of MSMEs have not embraced e-commerce, despite its growing popularity and convenience. Limited access to technology and the internet, lack of digital literacy, concerns about security and trust, and traditional business practices are all factors contributing to this low adoption rate. This research aims to empirically investigate how digital marketing affects intellectual capital, perceived quality, and overall performance of MSMEs. Additionally, it explores the impact of MSMEs' intellectual capital and perceived quality on their performance. Employing a quantitative approach with descriptive analysis, this study targets MSME actors in Bandar Lampung. The sampling strategy involves multi-stage cluster purposive sampling, selecting 366 respondents for data collection through an online questionnaire using Likert scales. The analysis is conducted using Smart PLS, and the results reveal that digital marketing significantly and positively influences intellectual capital, perceived quality, and overall performance of MSMEs. Furthermore, both intellectual capital and quality perception show a positive and significant influence on MSME performance.
The Strengths of the Ecological Risk Assessment Process: Linking Science to Decision Making

ABSTRACT EDITOR'S NOTE: This is 1 of 4 papers from the US Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board's Ecological Processes and Effects Committee workshop on the current and future practice of ecological risk assessment. The workshop was held in Washington, DC in February 2006. Twenty-five years ago, ecological assessments were being performed by different organizations, using different principles and methods, with little or no communication between different groups and no means for reconciling conflicts and inconsistencies between assessment methodologies. The recognition by practitioners of environmental assessment of the need for a unifying conceptual framework stimulated the development of today's Framework and Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA). This paper discusses the success of ERA as a process for linking environmental science to decision making, using 3 recently published case studies involving establishment of baseline ecological risks at a contaminated site, probabilistic assessment of regional risks of pesticide use, and regulation of pharmaceutical product manufacture. Some promising future directions in ERA are briefly discussed, and 3 critical challenges to future success are identified.
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of [14C]rosaramicin in dogs

The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of [14C]rosaramicin were studied in dogs after intravenous (i.v.; 10 mg/kg [bodyweight]) and oral (25 mg/kg) administration. After i.v. administration, rosaramicin levels in plasma declined rapidly, with half-lives of 0.22 h for the distribution phase and 0.97 h for the elimination phase. The apparent volume of distribution was 3.43 liters/kg, and the total body clearance was 106 mg/min . kg, indicating extensive distribution in tissue or metabolism or both. The absorption of oral solution was 58%, and the absolute bioavailability of rosaramicin was 35%. The plasma area under the curve of unchanged rosaramicin was only 5% that of total radioactivity after oral administration and 8% after i.v. administration, indicating extensive metabolism of the drug. The total radioactivity excreted in urine accounted for only 24% of the i.v. dose and 17% of the oral dose. Fecal radioactivity accounted for 71% of the i.v. dose and 68% of the oral dose. Several metabolites were observed in the plasma and urine. The amount of unchanged rosaramicin in urine (1 to 2% of the dose) was quite small after drug administration by either route.
Protective effect of phloroglucinol against myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury is related to inhibition of myeloperoxidase activity and inflammatory cell infiltration

1. It has been shown that phloroglucinol has anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant properties. Both inflammatory cell infiltration and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activation play an important role in myocardial reperfusion injury. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of phloroglucinol on myocardial reperfusion injury and the mechanisms involved.
The FNIH Sarcopenia Project: Rationale, Study Description, Conference Recommendations, and Final Estimates

Background. Low muscle mass and weakness are common and potentially disabling in older adults, but in order to become recognized as a clinical condition, criteria for diagnosis should be based on clinically relevant thresholds and independently validated. The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Biomarkers Consortium Sarcopenia Project used an evidence-based approach to develop these criteria. Initial findings were presented at a conference in May 2012, which generated recommendations that guided additional analyses to determine final recommended criteria. Details of the Project and its findings are presented in four accompanying manuscripts. Methods. The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project used data from nine sources of community-dwelling older persons: Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study, Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, a series of six clinical trials, Framingham Heart Study, Health, Aging, and Body Composition, Invecchiare in Chianti, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study, Rancho Bernardo Study, and Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Feedback from conference attendees was obtained via surveys and breakout groups. Results. The pooled sample included 26,625 participants (57% women, mean age in men 75.2 [±6.1 SD] and in women 78.6 [±5.9] years). Conference attendees emphasized the importance of evaluating the influence of body mass on cutpoints. Based on the analyses presented in this series, the final recommended cutpoints for weakness are grip strength <26kg for men and <16kg for women, and for low lean mass, appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index <0.789 for men and <0.512 for women. Conclusions. These evidence-based cutpoints, based on a large and diverse population, may help identify participants for clinical trials and should be evaluated among populations with high rates of functional limitations.
SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCES ON LEARNING DIFFICULTIES ABOUT TESTING HYPOTHESES

SUMMARY In spite of the numerous references to the problems derived from incorrect uses of statistical tests or from misinterpretations of their results by experimental researchers in different areas, the educational world has remained detached from them until now. In this paper we present a survey of educational experimental research on this topic, as well as a summary of the results in our own comprehensive assessment of undergraduates' learning difficulties concerning statistical tests. We point to some difficulties and errors that underlie the problems described and should be taken into account to improve the teaching and learning of the topics. Students’ conceptions about key concepts in statistical tests are also described.