Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Usenix Association 11th Usenix Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation 203 Network Virtualization in Multi-tenant Datacenters

Multi-tenant datacenters represent an extremely challenging networking environment. Tenants want the ability to migrate unmodified workloads from their enterprise networks to service provider datacenters, retaining the same networking configurations of their home network. The service providers must meet these needs without operator intervention while preserving their own operational flexibility and efficiency. Traditional networking approaches have failed to meet these tenant and provider requirements. Responding to this need, we present the design and implementation of a network virtualization solution for multi-tenant datacenters.
Online radio interferometric imaging: assimilating and discarding visibilities on arrival

The emerging generation of radio interferometric (RI) telescopes, such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), will acquire massive volumes of data and transition radio astronomy to a big-data era. The ill-posed inverse problem of imaging the raw visibilities acquired by RI telescopes will become significantly more computationally challenging, particularly in terms of data storage and computational cost. Current RI imaging methods, such as CLEAN, its variants, and compressive sensing approaches (sparse regularisation), have yielded excellent reconstruction fidelity. However, scaling these methods to big-data remains difficult if not impossible in some cases. All state-of-the-art methods in RI imaging lack the ability to process data streams as they are acquired during the data observation stage. Such approaches are referred to as online processing methods. We present an online sparse regularisation methodology for RI imaging. Image reconstruction is performed simultaneously with data acquisition, where observed visibilities are assimilated into the reconstructed image as they arrive and then discarded. Since visibilities are processed online, good reconstructions are recovered much faster than standard (offline) methods which cannot start until the data acquisition stage completes. Moreover, the online method provides additional computational savings and, most importantly, dramatically reduces data storage requirements. Theoretically, the reconstructed images are of the same fidelity as those recovered by the equivalent offline approach and, in practice, very similar reconstruction fidelity is achieved. We anticipate online imaging techniques, as proposed here, will be critical in scaling RI imaging to the emerging big-data era of radio astronomy.
Differing age related trajectories of dysfunction in several organ systems in opiate dependence

Background: Several lines of evidence suggest that the multisystem disease seen in drug addicts may reflect acceleration of underlying degenerative or ageing processes. Patients presenting for management of their clinical opiate substance use disorder (SUD) were therefore compared with general medical non-SUD (N-SUD) patients. Methods: Differences in dental, psychiatric and hair graying indices at both temple and vertex were studied and combined with principal component (PC) analysis. Arcsinh transformation of the data were considered, as this improved the normality of the parameter distributions. Results: 95 opiate dependent SUD and 32 N-SUD patients were studied. The mean (±SD) ages were 33.47±7.98 vs 57.81±17.13 years and sex was 75.8% and 63.6% male (p — n.s.) in the SUD and N-SUD groups respectively. The addicted population was more severe as a function of age on all indices (p<0.05). The arcsinh transformation of PC1+PC2 was significantly different by addiction status both as a category on its own and after interaction with age (both p<0.0005), and was associated with a calculated 22.3% age advancement at 60 years of age. Interactions between age, and PC’s of opiate and inhaled intoxicant dose and duration of exposure were highly significant (p<0.01). Tobacco, cannabis, heroin and methadone dose and/or duration of exposure were significantly related to the identified physiological deficit both alone, and as interactions with each other and with age (most interactions p<0.01). Conclusions: These findings have implications for understanding the pathophysiology of drug addiction and imply that the high rate of morbidity seen in drug dependent patients may be related to underlying subclinical ager related changes, choice of opiate pharmacotherapeutic agent, considerations of duration of treatment, and conversely for the pathophysiology of the development of age related disease.
Charge transfer between colliding hydrometeors: role of surface tension gradients

A mechanism is postulated to account for the exchange of electrical charge that has been observed to take place when hydrometeors in a “cloud” created in the laboratory collide. A hydrodynamic flow induced by variation of the surface tension at an air/water interface is regarded as the main driving force. This flow created by forces acting within an interfacial region will transport the excess negative charge that normally resides at an air/water interface from one interfacial region to another, thereby yielding a separation of charge. An estimate of the quantity of charge exchanged by this process, using reasonable parametric values, is in accord with laboratory observations. In some interactions our proposed mechanism is only valid if a stable thick water film coats the surface of one of the colliding hydrometeors. Measurements are presented to show that the ice/water interface is negative, and this is a condition needed to confer stability of thick water films on ice.
Genomic and Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus Isolates from Argentine Patients: a Six-Year Retrospective Study

ABSTRACT Typing of hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolates from Argentine patients was performed by using different methodologies in a population of 243 patients. HCV subtype was assigned based upon restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). HCV RNA genomes obtained from serum samples were classified as belonging to clade 1 (53.5%), 2 (23.0%), or 3 (8.6%); 14.8% of samples showed HCV mixed infections, more frequently implying different subtypes within the same clade. In addition to RFLP typing, phylogenetic relatedness among sequences from both 5′ untranslated region (n = 50) and nonstructural 5B coding region (n = 15) was established.
Posttraumatic growth after childbirth 1 Running head: POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AFTER CHILDBIRTH POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AFTER CHILDBIRTH: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

A growing body of research has examined the potential for positive change following challenging and traumatic events, this is known as posttraumatic growth. Childbirth is a valuable opportunity to extend previous work on posttraumatic growth as it allows the role of different variables to be considered prospectively. The aim of the current study was to prospectively examine correlates of posttraumatic growth after birth, including sociodemographic and obstetric variables, social support and psychological distress, using a prospective, longitudinal design. 125 women completed questionnaires during their third trimester of pregnancy and eight weeks after birth. At least a small degree of positive change following childbirth was reported by 47.9% of women; however average levels of growth were lower than generally reported in other studies. A regression model of age, type of delivery, posttraumatic stress symptoms during pregnancy and general distress after birth significantly predicted 32% of the variance in growth after childbirth. The strongest predictors of growth were operative delivery (β .23 .30) and posttraumatic stress symptoms in pregnancy (β .32). These findings emphasise the importance of assessing pre-event characteristics when considering the development of posttraumatic growth after a challenging
Physicochemical Properties and Dissolution Studies of Dexamethasone Acetate-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes Produced by Different Methods

Inclusion complexes between dexamethasone acetate (DMA), a poorly water soluble drug, and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) were obtained to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of this drug. Phase-solubility profile indicated that the solubility of DMA was significantly increased in the presence of βCD (33-fold) and was classified as AL-type, indicating the 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complexes. Solid complexes prepared by different methods (kneading, coevaporation, freeze drying) and physical mixture were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, infrared absorption and optical microscopy. Preparation methods influenced the physicochemical properties of the products. The dissolution profiles of solid complexes were determined and compared with those DMA alone and their physical mixture, in three different mediums: simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2), simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) and distilled water. The dissolution studies showed that in all mediums DMA presented an incomplete dissolution even in four hours. In contrast, the complexes formed presented a higher dissolution rate in simulated gastric fluid (SGF pH 1.2), which indicate that these have different ionization characteristics. According to the results, the freeze–dried and kneaded products exhibited higher dissolution rates than the drug alone, in all the mediums.
Changes in Cortical Activity During Real and Imagined Movements: an ERP Study

This study aims to compare the topographic distribution of cortical activation between real and imagined movement through event-related potential (ERP). We are specifically interested in identifying, the topographic distribution of activated areas, the intensity of activated areas, and the temporal occurrence of these activations on preparation and motor response phases. Twelve healthy and right handed subjects were instructed to perform a task under real and imagery conditions. The task was performed simultaneously to electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. When compared the conditions, we found a statistically significant difference in favor of real condition revealed by performing an unpaired t-test with multiple corrections of Bonferroni, demonstrating negative activity on electrode C3 and positive activity on the electrode C4 only in motor response phase. These findings revealed similar functional connections established during real and imagery conditions, suggesting that there are common neural substrate and similar properties of functional integration shared by conditions.
Expression of Somatostatin Receptor (SSTR) Subtypes (SSTR-1, 2A, 3, 4 and 5) in Neuroendocrine Tumors Using Real-time RT-PCR Method and Immunohistochemistry

Molecule targeting therapy using somatostatin (SS) analogues has become a widely accepted modality to treat neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), particularly gastrointestinal (GI) and pancreatic endocrine tumors. On the other hand, little is known about the expression of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes in neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). We investigated the expression of SSTR subtypes (SSTR-1, 2A, 3, 4 and 5) using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method and immunohistochemistry in 32 neuroendocrine neoplasms (9 NET G1, 2 NET G2, 18 NECs G3 and 3 mixed NEC G3) of various primary sites. Expression of more than two SSTR subtypes was detected in all neuroendocrine neoplasms examined. Expression of SSTR-2A mRNA was significantly higher than other subtypes. In addition, mRNA expression of SSTR-3 and SSTR-5 was significantly low or below the detection level except for gastroduodenal NET G1. No significant difference of the expression of SSTR subtypes was observed between the NET and NEC groups. The expression of protein and mRNA was generally well correlated. In conclusion, NECs would be a good candidate for molecule targeting therapy using SS analogues, and the expression of SSTR-2A can be useful as a biomarker of neuroendocrine differentiation. We have demonstrated that NEC G3 small cell type shows a different expression profile of SSTR subtypes compared with NET and NEC non-small cell type.
Atmospheric and geometrical effects on land surface albedo

In spite of extensive experimental and theoretical studies of land surface albedo, there is a need of generalization and systematic quantification of its dependence on solar zenith angle and type of surface, and of atmospheric effects in these relationships. This work presents a systematic numerical study of surface albedo for 12 land cover types, described by realistic anisotropic reflectance, under widely varying atmospheric conditions. Our research is based on the rigorous solution of the radiative transfer equation with the spherical harmonics method. It uses a new original analytical formalism for treatment of the anisotropic boundary conditions, which avoids numeric integration. This formalism is described in the first part of the paper along with the major steps in solution of the radiative transfer equation. The second part of the paper presents the results of our study, which can be summarized as follows: for a large number of vegetation and soil surfaces, the range of relative variation of surface albedo with atmospheric opacity does not exceed 10-15% at θ 0 ≤50° and 20-30% at θ 0 ≤70°. Among atmospheric parameters, optical thickness is the main factor affecting albedo. The effects of the scattering function and single-scattering albedo are small and can be neglected. For small solar zenith angles, surface albedo increases with atmospheric opacity, while for big angles θ 0 , it decreases. The watershed lies at θ 0 52°-57° when the albedo is almost insensitive to the atmospheric opacity. Albedo measurements at these angles can be used directly for the surface characterization. At large solar zenith angles (θ 0 >70°-80°), albedo drops off with the further increase of angle θ 0 .
Scaling laws for jets of single cavitation bubbles

Fast liquid jets, called micro-jets, are produced within cavitation bubbles experiencing an aspherical collapse. Here we review micro-jets of different origins, scales and appearances, and propose a unified framework to describe their dynamics by using an anisotropy parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}\geqslant 0$ , representing a dimensionless measure of the liquid momentum at the collapse point (Kelvin impulse). This parameter is rigorously defined for various jet drivers, including gravity and nearby boundaries. Combining theoretical considerations with hundreds of high-speed visualisations of bubbles collapsing near a rigid surface, near a free surface or in variable gravity, we classify the jets into three distinct regimes: weak, intermediate and strong. Weak jets ( $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}<10^{-3}$ ) hardly pierce the bubble, but remain within it throughout the collapse and rebound. Intermediate jets ( $10^{-3}<\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}<0.1$ ) pierce the opposite bubble wall close to the last collapse phase and clearly emerge during the rebound. Strong jets ( $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}>0.1$ ) pierce the bubble early during the collapse. The dynamics of the jets is analysed through key observables, such as the jet impact time, jet speed, bubble displacement, bubble volume at jet impact and vapour-jet volume. We find that, upon normalising these observables to dimensionless jet parameters, they all reduce to straightforward functions of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}$ , which we can reproduce numerically using potential flow theory. An interesting consequence of this result is that a measurement of a single observable, such as the bubble displacement, suffices to estimate any other parameter, such as the jet speed. Remarkably, the dimensionless parameters of intermediate and weak jets ( $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}<0.1$ ) depend only on $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}$ , not on the jet driver (i.e. gravity or boundaries). In the same regime, the jet parameters are found to be well approximated by power laws of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}$ , which we explain through analytical arguments.
PSF Estimation of Space-Variant Ultra-Wide Field of View Imaging Systems

Ultra-wide-field of view (UWFOV) imaging systems are affected by various aberrations, most of which are highly angle-dependent. A description of UWFOV imaging systems, such as microscopy optics, security camera systems and other special space-variant imaging systems, is a difficult task that can be achieved by estimating the Point Spread Function (PSF) of the system. This paper proposes a novel method for modeling the space-variant PSF of an imaging system using the Zernike polynomials wavefront description. The PSF estimation algorithm is based on obtaining field-dependent expansion coefficients of the Zernike polynomials by fitting real image data of the analyzed imaging system using an iterative approach in an initial estimate of the fitting parameters to ensure convergence robustness. The method is promising as an alternative to the standard approach based on Shack–Hartmann interferometry, since the estimate of the aberration coefficients is processed directly in the image plane. This approach is tested on simulated and laboratory-acquired image data that generally show good agreement. The resulting data are compared with the results of other modeling methods. The proposed PSF estimation method provides around 5% accuracy of the optical system model.
Biodiversity scenarios neglect future land‐use changes

Efficient management of biodiversity requires a forward‐looking approach based on scenarios that explore biodiversity changes under future environmental conditions. A number of ecological models have been proposed over the last decades to develop these biodiversity scenarios. Novel modelling approaches with strong theoretical foundation now offer the possibility to integrate key ecological and evolutionary processes that shape species distribution and community structure. Although biodiversity is affected by multiple threats, most studies addressing the effects of future environmental changes on biodiversity focus on a single threat only. We examined the studies published during the last 25 years that developed scenarios to predict future biodiversity changes based on climate, land‐use and land‐cover change projections. We found that biodiversity scenarios mostly focus on the future impacts of climate change and largely neglect changes in land use and land cover. The emphasis on climate change impacts has increased over time and has now reached a maximum. Yet, the direct destruction and degradation of habitats through land‐use and land‐cover changes are among the most significant and immediate threats to biodiversity. We argue that the current state of integration between ecological and land system sciences is leading to biased estimation of actual risks and therefore constrains the implementation of forward‐looking policy responses to biodiversity decline. We suggest research directions at the crossroads between ecological and environmental sciences to face the challenge of developing interoperable and plausible projections of future environmental changes and to anticipate the full range of their potential impacts on biodiversity. An intergovernmental platform is needed to stimulate such collaborative research efforts and to emphasize the societal and political relevance of taking up this challenge.
Global energy deposition during the January 1997 magnetic cloud event

The passage of an interplanetary magnetic cloud at Earth on January 10–11, 1997, induced significant geomagnetic disturbances, with a maximum AE in excess of 2000 nT and a minimum Dst of about −85 nT. We use a comprehensive set of data collected from space-borne instruments and from ground-based facilities to estimate the energy deposition associated with the three major magnetospheric sinks during the event. It is found that averaged over the 2-day period, the total magnetospheric energy deposition rate is about 400 GW, with 190 GW going into Joule heating rate, 120 GW into ring current injection, and 90 GW into auroral precipitation. By comparison, the average solar wind electromagnetic energy transfer rate as represented by the e parameter is estimated to be 460 GW, and the average available solar wind kinetic power USW is about 11,000 GW. A good linear correlation is found between the AE index and various ionospheric parameters such as the cross-polar-cap potential drop, hemisphere-integrated Joule heating rate, and hemisphere-integrated auroral precipitation. In the northern hemisphere where the data coverage is extensive, the proportionality factor is 0.06 kV/nT between the potential drop and AE, 0.25 GW/nT between Joule heating rate and AE, and 0.13 GW/nT between auroral precipitation and AE. However, different studies have resulted in different proportionality factors. One should therefore be cautious when using empirical formulas to estimate the ionospheric energy deposition. There is an evident saturation of the cross-polar-cap potential drop for large AE (>1000 nT), but further studies are needed to confirm this.
Chronology of a Wisconsin age proglacial lake in the Miers Valley, Antarctica

Abstract Mapping and oxygen isotopic, C-14, and U/Th analyses of lacustrine sediments have shown that a lake (Glacial Lake Trowbridge) proglacial to the Ross Sea I Ice Sheet occupied Miers Valley from at least 23 000 years B.P. until 10 000 years B.P. This lake was at least 80 m deep and extended to more than 156 m above present sea level at its maximum extent 18 000–19 000 years ago. The lake was filled with waters with a similar isotopic composition to the modern Koettlitz Glacier. By 13 000–14 000 years B.P. evaporation had considerably reduced the size of the lake and resulted in the precipitation of calcite and gypsum evaporites. The isotopic composition of abundant sulphates within the evaporite sequences shows that although they were precipitated from isotopically depleted glacial meltwaters, the sulphates originated from seawater. Lake occupation of the Miers Valley was synchronous with proglacial lakes occupying other valleys in southern Victoria Land during the period of late Wisconsin glacial m.
Structural and metamorphic evolution of the phengite‐bearing schists of the northern Adula Nappe (Central Alps, Switzerland)

Phengite‐bearing schists of the northern Adula Nappe experienced a polymetamorphic and polycyclic evolution that was associated with five deformation episodes. Evidence of a pre‐Alpine metamorphic event is preserved within garnet cores of some amphibole‐bearing schists. The D1 and D2 deformation episodes are recorded by S1 and S2 foliations preserved only within metre‐scale domains of low‐D3 strain. S1 is a relict foliation. Blueschist‐facies conditions at 565 ± 10°C and 11.5 ± 1.5 kbar were attained during D2 and were associated with the development of isoclinal folding and an S2 foliation. The D3 episode took place at 665 ± 50°C and 11.5 ± 2.1 kbar and was responsible for the development of a transpositive S3 foliation. The D4 episode took place at T < 550 ± 10°C and was associated with the development of a discrete S4 foliation and S‐C structures. The D5 episode is recorded by sub‐vertical metre‐scale open folds or centimetre‐scale kinks.