Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leisure Styles: A Conceptual Framework for Modem Leisure*

The principal theoretical problems with which a science of leisure must deal are seen as the following: agreement on definition, the dimensions of leisure and their salience, the subjectivity of leisure, the separation of “free time” and leisure, and the relation between work and leisure. A conceptual framework is suggested for analyzing modern leisure which builds Upon the strengths of these problems. A social psychological model of leisure is presented; its principal dimensions are (1) the psychological involvement of the individual in specific activities or lifestyles, and (2) the structuring of time and activities. The juxtaposition of these two dimensions onto specific life events produces four distinct modes of leisure: Pure Leisure, Anomic Leisure, Institutional Leisure and Alienated Leisure. The theoretical ramifications and some suggestions for empirical application of these modes are discussed.
Stress in Academic Life: Work Characteristics as Predictors of Student Well‐being and Performance

La relation entre les caracteristiques du travail, le bien-etre des etudiants et la performance a eteevaluee a partir du modele de Karasck & Theorell ≪Travail, exigences, controle, soutien≫ (1990). Un echantillon d’etudiants portugais (N= 825) a repondu a un questionnaire comprenant des mesures du controle et des exigences du travail universitaire, du soutien des pairs, de la satisfaction relative a la vie universitaire, de l’anxiete/depression et des resultats aux examens. Il apparut, comme dans d’aures contextes de travail, que la satisfaction des etudiants pour ce qui est de la vie universitaire, ainsi que les niveaux d’anxiete/depression etaient fortement dependants de leur perception des caracteristiques du travail. Les niveaux de satisfaction ont un effet direct sur la performance et agissent sur la relation entre la maitrise du travail universitaire et la performance. The relationship between work characteristics, student well-being and performance was assessed, based upon Karasek and Theorell's (1990) Job Demands–Control–Support model. A sample of Portuguese university students (N= 825) answered a questionnaire comprising measures of academic work demands and control, peer support, satisfaction with academic life, anxiety/depression and academic performance. Results suggested that, similar to other work contexts, student satisfaction with academic life and anxiety/depression levels are strongly dependent on their perceptions of work characteristics. Levels of satisfaction have a direct impact on student performance and mediate the relationship between academic work control and performance.
Lasers in tattoo and pigmentation control: role of the PicoSure® laser system

Background and objectives The use of picosecond lasers to remove tattoos has greatly improved due to the long-standing outcomes of nanosecond lasers, both clinically and histologically. The first aesthetic picosecond laser available for this use was the PicoSure® laser system (755/532 nm). Now that a vast amount of research on its use has been conducted, we performed a comprehensive review of the literature to validate the continued application of the PicoSure® laser system for tattoo removal. Study design and methods A PubMed search was conducted using the term “picosecond” combined with “laser”, “dermatology”, and “laser tattoo removal”. Results A total of 13 articles were identified, and ten of these met the inclusion criteria for this review. The majority of studies showed that picosecond lasers are an effective and safe treatment mode for the removal of tattoo pigments. Several studies also indicated potential novel applications of picosecond lasers in the removal of various tattoo pigments (eg, black, red, and yellow). Adverse effects were generally mild, such as transient hypopigmentation or blister formation, and were rarely more serious, such as scarring and/or textural change. Conclusion Advancements in laser technologies and their application in cutaneous medicine have revolutionized the field of laser surgery. Computational modeling provides evidence that the optimal pulse durations for tattoo ink removal are in the picosecond domain. It is recommended that the PicoSure® laser system continue to be used for safe and effective tattoo removal, including for red and yellow pigments.
Celiac disease in children: is it a problem in Kuwait?

Background Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the small intestine triggered by gluten ingestion. The objective of this study is to describe our experience with CD children in Kuwait. Methods The records of children with CD seen in the pediatric gastroenterology unit between February 1998 and December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were referred because of symptoms or positive CD antibody screening of a high-risk group (type 1 diabetes and Down syndrome). Results Forty-seven patients were diagnosed: 53% were symptomatic and 47% were identified by screening. The median age at diagnosis was 66 (range 7–189) months. All cases were biopsy-proven except one. The symptomatic patients were significantly younger than those identified following screening (P<0.004). In the whole group, 66% were females and 77% were Kuwaitis; 9% had a positive family history of CD. The estimated cumulative incidence was 6.9/105. The median duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 8.5 (range 2–54) months. Failure to thrive was the most common presenting complaint (72%) followed by diarrhea (64%) and abdominal distension (56%). Atypical manifestations were seen in 60% of patients. Underweight and short stature were confirmed in 19% and 17% of patients, respectively. Overweight and obesity were detected in 14% and 6%, respectively. CD serology was based on a combination of antiendomysial and antigliadin antibodies. The median follow up was 24 (range 12–144) months. All patients were commenced on a gluten free diet, but good compliance was only achieved in 78%. Conclusion The low frequency of childhood CD in Kuwait could probably be attributed to either an underestimation of the atypical presentations or failure of proper screening. Also, adherence to a gluten free diet is a major problem in our population.
The role of personal resources in explaining well-being and performance: A study among young veterinary professionals

This study examines the role of three personal resources (i.e., proactive behaviour, reflective behaviour, and self-efficacy) in the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model in order to predict self and other ratings of performance. The sample consisted of 860 Dutch veterinary professionals and 170 colleagues. We hypothesized and found that work engagement mediates the relationship between job as well as personal resources and extrarole performance and the relationship between job resources and work engagement. Although hypothesized, we found no support for the mediating role of exhaustion in the relationship between job demands as well as personal resources and inrole performance. Moreover personal resources were directly related to in- and extrarole performance. In conclusion, the study expands the JD-R model by integrating personal resources at a behavioural level and performance measures in the model, and shows that personal resources have a mediating and initiating role in explaining work engagement and performance in young veterinary professionals.
The use cases of digital earth

Abstract The formal process of system design begins with the identification of use cases. No such cases are readily apparent for the current generation of geobrowsers, though the text of the 1998 Gore speech refers to several. An analysis of the use cases of geographic information systems (GIS) reveals similarities with the functionality of geobrowsers, inviting the view that the two forms of geographic information technology will eventually converge. However, experience suggests that users are finding very different ways of exploiting geobrowsers, and two examples are discussed in detail. These uses can be interpreted within a broad framework of spatial concepts, and the paper concludes that this framework provides a better guide to the future of geobrowsers and Digital Earth than current GIS technology.
Intestinal parasitism in Magama Gumau rural village and Jos township in north central Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in one rural village and one urban centre in North Central Nigeria. METHODS A total of 111 single stool specimens from all the volunteered rural dwellers and 93 specimens from randomly selected urban dwellers were examined using Formol-ether and modified Ziehl-Neelsen techniques; during the months of June and July 2005. A questionnaire was completed for each subject and the nutritional status of the adults was assessed using the anthropometric measurements (weight and height for age and Biomass index). RESULTS The results suggest very high prevalence rates of intestinal parasitosis of 72.1% and 69.9% for the rural and urban populations respectively. All the age groups were infected. The males in the rural area had a prevalence of 69.2% as against 74.6% in females (P>0.05); while in the urban area, the males were more significantly infected (77.4%) compared with the females with 66.1% (P< 0.05). Those with normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) had the highest prevalence of 79.3% and 72.4% for the rural and urban populations respectively. The prevalence of the parasites in the rural and urban populations respectively were: Entamoeba coli (16.2% and 9.7%); E. histolytica (18.9% and 18.3%); E. hartmani (1.8% ad 0.0%); Endolimax nana (16.2% and 18.3%); Iodamoeba butschlii (0.0% and 1.1%); Giardia lamblia (7.2% and 4.3%); Schistosoma mansoni (9.9% and 0.0%); Strongyloides stercoralis (0.9% and 0.0%); Hookworm (4.5% and 5.4%); Ascaris lumbricoides (1.8% and 0.0%); Enterobius vermicularis (0.0% and 1.1%); Cryptosporidium parvum (29.7% and 19.4%); and Enterocytozoon bieneusi/Encephalitozoon intestinalis (39.6% and 47.3%). Polyparasitism was recorded in 48.6% of the rural subjects and 36.6% of the urban subjects. CONCLUSION The study has shown a very high prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in both the rural and urban populations and that C. parvum and E. bieneusi/E. intestinalis are harboured by apparently healthy individuals.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in quantum mechanics

We present a mathematically simple procedure to explain spontaneous symmetry breaking in quantum systems. The procedure is applicable to a wide range of models and can be easily used to explain the existence of a symmetry broken state in crystals, antiferromagnets, and even superconductors. It has the advantage that it automatically brings to the fore the main players in spontaneous symmetry breaking: the symmetry-breaking field, the thermodynamic limit, and the global excitations of a “thin” spectrum.
Multi-Agent Support for Internet-Scale Grid Management

Internet-scale computational grids are emerging from various research projects. Most notably are the US National Technology Grid and the European Data Grid projects. One specific problem in realizing wide-area distributed computing environments as proposed in these projects, is effective management of the vast amount of resources that are made available within the grid environment. This paper proposes an agent-based approach to resource management in grid environments, and describes an agent infrastructure that could be integrated with the grid middleware layer. This agent infrastructure provides support for mobile agents that is scalable in the number of agents and the number of resources.
Suicide among social workers in Rhode Island.

Cause-specific mortality patterns, by occupation, were examined among Rhode Island residents who died during the period 1968-1978, using the age-standardized proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) method. Occupation was determined from the usual occupation statement on the death certificate. A noteworthy finding was an elevated PMR for suicide among both male (PMR = 470, observed deaths = 5, P less than .01) and female (PMR = 510, observed deaths = 4, P less than .05) social workers. This is the first report of a high risk of suicide among social workers. Stress, which is associated with social work, may be a risk factor. Due to the relatively small numbers upon which this report is based and the limitations of death certificate data and the PMR method, this should be viewed as an exploratory investigation requiring further follow-up.
Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus: Axonal projections to the brainstem

The paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) contains many neurons that innervate the brainstem, but information regarding their target sites remains incomplete. Here we labeled neurons in the rat PVH with an anterograde axonal tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHAL), and studied their descending projections in reference to specific neuronal subpopulations throughout the brainstem. While many of their target sites were identified previously, numerous new observations were made. Major findings include: 1) In the midbrain, the PVH projects lightly to the ventral tegmental area, Edinger‐Westphal nucleus, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter, reticular formation, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, and dorsal raphe nucleus. 2) In the dorsal pons, the PVH projects heavily to the pre‐locus coeruleus, yet very little to the catecholamine neurons in the locus coeruleus, and selectively targets the viscerosensory subregions of the parabrachial nucleus. 3) In the ventral medulla, the superior salivatory nucleus, retrotrapezoid nucleus, compact and external formations of the nucleus ambiguus, A1 and caudal C1 catecholamine neurons, and caudal pressor area receive dense axonal projections, generally exceeding the PVH projection to the rostral C1 region. 4) The medial nucleus of the solitary tract (including A2 noradrenergic and aldosterone‐sensitive neurons) receives the most extensive projections of the PVH, substantially more than the dorsal vagal nucleus or area postrema. Our findings suggest that the PVH may modulate a range of homeostatic functions, including cerebral and ocular blood flow, corneal and nasal hydration, ingestive behavior, sodium intake, and glucose metabolism, as well as cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory activities. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1460–1499, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ieee Transactions Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Single-pedestrian Detection Aided by 2-pedestrian Detection

—In this paper, we address the challenging problem of detecting pedestrians who appear in groups. A new approach is proposed for single-pedestrian detection aided by 2-pedestrian detection. A mixture model of 2-pedestrian detectors is designed to capture the unique visual cues which are formed by nearby pedestrians but cannot be captured by single-pedestrian detectors. A probabilistic framework is proposed to model the relationship between the configurations estimated by single-and 2-pedestrian detectors, and to refine the single-pedestrian detection result using 2-pedestrian detection. The 2-pedestrian detector can integrate with any single-pedestrian detector. 25 state-of-the-art single-pedestrian detection approaches are combined with the 2-pedestrian detector on three widely used public datasets: Caltech, TUD-Brussels, and ETH. Experimental results show that our framework improves all these approaches. The average improvement is 9% on the Caltech-Test dataset, 11% on the TUD-Brussels dataset and 17% on the ETH dataset in terms of average miss rate. The lowest average miss rate is reduced from 37% to 32% on the Caltech-Test dataset, from 55% to 50% on the TUD-Brussels dataset and from 43% to 38% on the ETH dataset.
Glut1 promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion by regulating epidermal growth factor receptor and integrin signaling in triple-negative breast cancer cells

Elevated glucose levels in cancer cells can be attributed to increased levels of glucose transporter (GLUT) proteins. Glut1 expression is increased in human malignant cells. To investigate alternative roles of Glut1 in breast cancer, we silenced Glut1 in triple-negative breast-cancer cell lines using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system. Glut1 silencing was verified by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. Knockdown of Glut1 resulted in decreased cell proliferation, glucose uptake, migration, and invasion through modulation of the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway and integrin β1/Src/FAK signaling pathways. These results suggest that Glut1 not only plays a role as a glucose transporter, but also acts as a regulator of signaling cascades in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer.
SegNet: A Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Robust Semantic Pixel-Wise Labelling

We propose a novel deep architecture, SegNet, for semantic pixel wise image labelling. SegNet has several attractive properties; (i) it only requires forward evaluation of a fully learnt function to obtain smooth label predictions, (ii) with increasing depth, a larger context is considered for pixel labelling which improves accuracy, and (iii) it is easy to visualise the effect of feature activation(s) in the pixel label space at any depth. SegNet is composed of a stack of encoders followed by a corresponding decoder stack which feeds into a soft-max classification layer. The decoders help map low resolution feature maps at the output of the encoder stack to full input image size feature maps. This addresses an important drawback of recent deep learning approaches which have adopted networks designed for object categorization for pixel wise labelling. These methods lack a mechanism to map deep layer feature maps to input dimensions. They resort to ad hoc methods to upsample features, e.g. by replication. This results in noisy predictions and also restricts the number of pooling layers in order to avoid too much upsampling and thus reduces spatial context. SegNet overcomes these problems by learning to map encoder outputs to image pixel labels. We test the performance of SegNet on outdoor RGB scenes from CamVid, KITTI and indoor scenes from the NYU dataset. Our results show that SegNet achieves state-of-the-art performance even without use of additional cues such as depth, video frames or post-processing with CRF models.
An electrophysiological response to different pitch contours in words

A spoken word with more than one syllable contains a specific stress pattern found to be processed during spoken word recognition. The present study investigated the word's pitch contour as a single auditory parameter that marks stress. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded while subjects made decisions to artificially pitch manipulated words. ERPs revealed that pitch contours are discriminated already within the first syllable of a word. Furthermore, behavioral responses for words with incorrect pitch contours were longer than for words with correct pitch contours. The results suggest that the pitch contour is an auditory feature of the spoken word that a listener automatically processes during spoken word recognition.
The Spitzer Spirals, Bridges, and Tails Interacting Galaxy Survey: Interaction-Induced Star Formation in the Mid-Infrared

We present Spitzer mid-infrared imaging of a sample of 35 tidally distorted premerger interacting galaxy pairs selected from the Arp Atlas. We compare their global mid-infrared properties with those of normal galaxies from the SINGS Spitzer Legacy survey, and separate the disk emission from that of the tidal features. The [8.0 μm] - [24 μm], [3.6 μm] - [24 μm], and [5.8 μm] - [8.0 μm] colors of these optically selected interacting galaxies are redder on average than those of spirals, implying enhancements to the mass-normalized star formation rates (SFRs) of a factor of ∼2. Furthermore, the 24 μm emission in the Arp galaxies is more centrally concentrated than that in the spirals, suggesting that gas is being concentrated into the inner regions and fueling central star formation. No significant differences can be discerned in the shorter wavelength Spitzer colors of the Arp galaxies compared to the spirals, and thus these quantities are less sensitive to star formation enhancements. No strong trend of Spitzer color with pair separation is visible in our sample; this may be because our sample was selected to be tidally disturbed. The tidal features contribute ≤10% of the total Spitzer fluxes on average. The SFRs implied for the Arp galaxies by the Spitzer 24 μm luminosities are relatively modest, ∼1 M⊙ yr-1 on average.
Modelling cognitive control in task switching and ageing

In an attempt to better understand the reasons for old-age effects on task switching performance, we fitted a quantitative model (Meiran, 2000a) to results from an experiment comparing young and elderly participants. Modelling results indicate that the most pronounced effect of old age was in what can be broadly defined as the duration of the response selection. In addition, compared to young participants, the elderly tended to rely on learning from the preceding trial, which improved their performance in single-task conditions but impaired it when the tasks switched frequently. Relatively modest effects of old age were found in the ability to selectively attend to the task relevant stimulus dimension and on the duration of processing stages preceding or following response selection.
Family Functioning and Income

This study explored the impact of income status (low-income vs. non-low-income) on family functioning, social support, and quality of life in a community sample of 125 families. The sample identified themselves as 17% Black or African American, 7% Latino, 4% Asian, and 66% White. The mean age of participants was 37 years. The study used a self-report measure of perceived family functioning, the Family Assessment Device (FAD). Results demonstrated that low-income status was associated with less satisfaction with several areas of family functioning, and that the effect of having a family member with a psychiatric disorder on family functioning depended on income status, with low-income families with a psychiatric disorder endorsing much greater dissatisfaction with family functioning than non-low-income families with a psychiatric disorder. Low-income families also had significantly lower social support and quality of life scores than non-low-income families. Low-income status appears to put stress on families in general and to compound the effects of having a psychiatric disorder on family functioning. Non-low-income status, by contrast, appears to offer a buffer from the effects of having a psychiatric disorder on family functioning. These findings suggest the importance of providing family-based interventions to low-income families in which one or more members has an identified psychiatric disorder.
The Image Gap: How International News Affects Perceptions of Nations

,The international flow of news has generated much research recently, in part due to the New World Information Order debate. This controversy has featured complaints by spokespersons for the developing nations that the globally dominant Western news agencies cover Third-World nations in a sparse and unrepresentative manner.1 Empirical evidence regarding these claims is mixed. News agencies carry more news about developing countries than many think, although little of it reaches the audiences of typical U.S. news media.2 News about developing areas also may be no more distorted than is news originating from developed areas. ) Relatively few researchers have studied the informational effects of world news on audiences, however. In addition, previous research of this type largely has examined the sociological, rather than psychological, impact of mass communication. I t has examined issues such as variations in the association of media exposure with worldaffairs knowledge among different social groups and the importance of exposure