Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid Resumption of Interrupted Visual Search

A modified visual search task demonstrates that humans are very good at resuming a search after it has been momentarily interrupted. This is shown by exceptionally rapid response time to a display that reappears after a brief interruption, even when an entirely different visual display is seen during the interruption and two different visual searches are performed simultaneously. This rapid resumption depends on the stability of the visual scene and is not due to display or response anticipations. These results are consistent with the existence of an iterative hypothesis-testing mechanism that compares information stored in short-term memory (the perceptual hypothesis) with information about the display (the sensory pattern). In this view, rapid resumption occurs because a hypothesis based on a previous glance of the scene can be tested very rapidly in a subsequent glance, given that the initial hypothesis-generation step has already been performed.
Indinavir: the forgotten HIV-protease inhibitor. Does it still have a role?

Indinavir is one of four first-generation HIV-protease inhibitors and was the most popular amongst them in the late 1990s. It was initially licensed for use alone, given three times daily, administered away from meals and together with at least 1.5 litres of fluid per day. In clinical practice, it became common for clinicians to prescribe it with a ritonavir pharmacokinetic ‘boost’ to remove the food restriction, reduce the pill burden and enable a more convenient twice-daily dosing schedule. However, at a ritonavir-boosted dosing schedule of indinavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg b.i. d. , the regimen proved toxic and poorly tolerable, and its use diminished as newer, better tolerated PIs became available. Recent research has suggested that ritonavir-boosted indinavir administered at lower doses, particularly indinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg b.i. d. , retains potency and is considerably less toxic. As a result, there is interest in its application in resource-constrained settings.
Low Impact of Traditional Risk Factors on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: The ELSA-Brasil Cohort

Objective—There is little information about how much traditional cardiovascular risk factors explain common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) variance. We aimed to study to which extent CCA-IMT values are determined by traditional risk factors and which commonly used measurements of blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and adiposity contribute the most to this determination in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort baseline. Approach and Results—We analyzed 9792 individuals with complete data and CCA-IMT measurements. We built multiple linear regression models using mean left and right CCA-IMT as the dependent variable. All models were stratified by sex. We also analyzed individuals stratified by 10-year coronary heart disease risk and, in separate, those with no traditional risk factors. Main models’ R2 varied between 0.141 and 0.373. The major part of the explained variance in CCA-IMT was because of age and race. Indicators of blood pressure, lipid profile, and adiposity that most frequently composed the best models were pulse pressure, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and neck circumference. The association between neck circumference and CCA-IMT persisted significant even after further adjustment for vessel sizes and body mass index. Indicators of glucose metabolism had smaller contribution. Conclusions—We found that >60% of CCA-IMT were not explained by demographic and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, which highlights the need to study novel risk factors. Pulse pressure, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and neck circumference were the most consistent contributors.
Verification of multiagent systems via ordered binary decision diagrams: an algorithm and its implementation

We investigate the problem of the verification of epistemic properties of multiagent systems via model checking. Specifically, we extend and adapt methods based on ordered binary decision diagrams, a mainstream verification technique in reactive systems. We provide an algorithm, and present a software package that implements it. We discuss the software and benchmark it by means of a standard example in the literature, the dining cryptographers.
An Update on Channelopathies: From Mechanisms to Management

The basic science of membrane channels has set in motion striking clinical results, especially in cardiology. The clinical phenotype of cardiac channelopathies is conspicuous; sudden death or cardiac arrest may be the initial presentation. The last 2 decades have changed the face of diagnosis and treatment of inherited channelopathies for families who have a high, and often unrecognized, likelihood of sudden death. The simple paradigm of one gene, one mutation, one disease remains true in some channelopathy diseases, but as we look deeper, the relationships increase in complexity as channel biology interrelates with membrane, intercellular, and extracellular biology. No protein acts in isolation. Genetic testing ideally identifies patients at risk, offers a window into optimal therapy, and aids in identifying those patients who are not carriers and therefore assign them to a low-risk group. However, the best-case scenario is not always the clinical scenario. The task of the clinical practitioner is to digest the flood of basic science information and use it to best serve patients. As the prevalence of genetic testing has increased, the limitations become more important to the practicing physician. Testing may reveal a change in the patient’s genome from the typical sequence, but certifying a mutation as the clinical cause of a patient’s disease remains a challenge. Along with the difficult task of learning the names and nuances of the genetic products (eg, the LQT1 genotype stems from mutations in KCNQ1 , previously known as KVLQT1 , on chromosome 11p15.5, encoding Kv7.1, which conducts an IKs current), the practitioner must learn a new genetic vocabulary to convert a cardiac genetic test report into an informed clinical decision. The aim of this review is to summarize the scope of arrhythmia genetics and relate those mechanisms to clinical management strategies. When Keating et al1 made the …
RippleFPGA: Routability-Driven Simultaneous Packing and Placement for Modern FPGAs

As a good tradeoff between central processing unit (CPU) and application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is becoming more widely used in both industry and academia. The increasing complexity and scale of modern FPGA, however, impose great challenges on the FPGA placement and packing problem. In this paper, we propose RippleFPGA to solve the packing and placement simultaneously through a set of novel techniques: 1) smooth stair-step flow; 2) implicit packing similar to ASIC legalization (LG); and 3) two-level detailed placement (DP). To enable the flow, a generic, efficient, and false-alarm-free legality checking method is also proposed. Besides, due to the insufficiency of ASIC-like congestion alleviation methods, some FPGA-routing-architecture-aware optimization techniques are proposed to improve the routability. When evaluated by ISPD 2016 Contest benchmarks, RippleFPGA has 5.1% better routed wirelength and $5.5 {\times }$ speedup compared to all the state-of-the-art FPGA placers.
Still Waiting for the Barbarians

Abstract In the unfolding narrative of September 11, the question of the relationship between the ordinary rule of law and the state of exception occupies a central place in both public discourse and official rhetoric. Exceptional threats seem to call for exceptional responses that derive their authority from outside the normal rule of law. Moreover, regarding matters of both procedural and substantive law, the rhetoric of the exceptional situation requires officials and citizens alike to balance the necessity of state security against the demands of civil liberties. This essay argues that within the rhetoric of balance, what begins as coexisting domains, gives way not only to conflict, but also to displacement of the rule of law by the law of exception. Examining this move from coincidence to displacement in the narrative of exception, this essay argues that the tension between the exception and the rule of law is unsustainable. As J.M. Coetzee’s novel, Waiting for the Barbarians illustrates, exceptional practices, such as torture, conducted against the perceived barbarian threat do not remain circumscribed within the state of exception, but inevitably act upon and displace the ordinary rule of law.
Ieee Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 1 Fast Asymmetric Learning for Cascade Face Detection

— A cascade face detector uses a sequence of node classifiers to distinguish faces from non-faces. This paper presents a new approach to design node classifiers in the cascade detector. Previous methods used machine learning algorithms that simultaneously select features and form ensemble classifiers. We argue that if these two parts are decoupled, we have the freedom to design a classifier that explicitly addresses the difficulties caused by the asymmetric learning goal. There are three contributions in this paper. The first is a categorization of asymmetries in the learning goal, and why they make face detection hard. The second is the Forward Feature Selection (FFS) algorithm and a fast pre-computing strategy for AdaBoost. FFS and the fast AdaBoost can reduce the training time by approximately 100 and 50 times, in comparison to a naive implementation of the AdaBoost feature selection method. The last contribution is Linear Asymmetric Classifier (LAC), a classifier that explicitly handles the asym-metric learning goal as a well-defined constrained optimization problem. We demonstrated experimentally that LAC results in improved ensemble classifier performance.
Event-Triggered Fault Detection Filter Design for a Continuous-Time Networked Control System

This paper studies the problem of event-triggered fault detection filter (FDF) and controller coordinated design for a continuous-time networked control system (NCS) with biased sensor faults. By considering sensor-to-FDF network-induced delays and packet dropouts, which do not impose a constraint on the event-triggering mechanism, and proposing the simultaneous network bandwidth utilization ratio and fault occurrence probability-based event-triggering mechanism, a new closed-loop model for the considered NCS is established. Based on the established model, the event-triggered H∞ performance analysis, and FDF and controller coordinated design are presented. The combined mutually exclusive distribution and Wirtinger-based integral inequality approach is proposed for the first time to deal with integral inequalities for products of vectors. This approach is proved to be less conservative than the existing Wirtinger-based integral inequality approach. The designed FDF and controller can guarantee the sensitivity of the residual signal to faults and the robustness of the NCS to external disturbances. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed event-triggering mechanism, and the FDF and controller coordinated design.
A Dual Framework for Low-rank Tensor Completion

One of the popular approaches for low-rank tensor completion is to use the latent trace norm regularization. However, most existing works in this direction learn a sparse combination of tensors. In this work, we fill this gap by proposing a variant of the latent trace norm that helps in learning a non-sparse combination of tensors. We develop a dual framework for solving the low-rank tensor completion problem. We first show a novel characterization of the dual solution space with an interesting factorization of the optimal solution. Overall, the optimal solution is shown to lie on a Cartesian product of Riemannian manifolds. Furthermore, we exploit the versatile Riemannian optimization framework for proposing computationally efficient trust region algorithm. The experiments illustrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm on several real-world datasets across applications.
Rigidity as a Function of Introversion and Neuroticism: a Study of Unmarried Mothers

N recent years, the hypothetical personality trait of rigidity has been widely I studied, together with the related concept of inlolerance of ambiguity; both notions seem to have developed from the much earlier one of perseveration originally put forward by Spearman(18) and his students. Eysenck~8~ has reviewed the literature on these various concepts; he agreed with Fink,02) Luchins,~la~ Applezweig, (1) Brown(4) and others &dquo;that rigidity is too complex and poorly defined at this stage to encourage any expectation of conclusive evidence concerning consistency effects&dquo;. Similarly he agreed with Kenny and Ginsberg(13) that &dquo;while the array of techniques for assessing intolerance of ambiguity has increased, there unfortunately has been no corresponding demonstration that the various measures intercorrelate&dquo;. While agreeing that little consistency can be found in experimental and situational measures of rigidity, some writers (Nigniewitzky,(l5) Brengelmann<2> 3~) have maintained that a single general factor of rigidity could be isolated by means of questionnaires. Thus the former found that &dquo;the correlations [between different rigidity and intolerance of ambiguity scales] 1 fell in an hierarchical arrangement&dquo;, and the latter concluded that &dquo;intercorrelations supported the existence of a general factor of rigidity&dquo;. This rigidity was &dquo;relatively independent of extraversion and neuroticism&dquo;. The present study was undertaken in order to examine the correctness of these views; both with reference to the existence of a trait of rigidity, and to its independence from introversion-extraversion and neuroticism.
Differences in Chicken Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class Iα Gene Expression between Marek's Disease‐Resistant and ‐Susceptible MHC Haplotypes

The expression of chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Iα genes was investigated in spleen cells from a panel of chickens with well‐defined MHC haplotypes, and two class Iα transcripts of 1.9 and 1.5 kb were detected in various amounts. In BW1, B130 and B21, the two transcripts were almost equally expressed. In B2, B6, B12 and B19, the ratio between the two transcripts was 4 : 1, with the 1.9 kb transcript having the strongest expression. In B14 and B15, the 1.5 kb transcript was undetectable and the 1.9 kb transcript appeared to be exclusively expressed. Thus, haplotypes considered to have an MHC‐determined resistance to Marek's disease (MD) had the highest relative amount of the 1.5 kb transcript, whereas haplotypes considered to be MD‐susceptible had the lowest.
Bold Signal in Insula Is Differentially Related to Cardiac Function during Compassion Meditation in Experts vs. Novices

a r t i c l e i n f o The brain and the cardiovascular system influence each other during the processing of emotion. The study of the interactions of these systems during emotion regulation has been limited in human functional neuroimaging, despite its potential importance for physical health. We have previously reported that mental expertise in cultivation of compassion alters the activation of circuits linked with empathy and theory of mind in response to emotional stimuli. Guided by the finding that heart rate increases more during blocks of compassion meditation than neutral states, especially for experts, we examined the interaction between state (compassion vs. neutral) and group (novice, expert) on the relation between heart rate and BOLD signal during presentation of emotional sounds presented during each state. Our findings revealed that BOLD signal in the right middle insula showed a significant association with heart rate (HR) across state and group. This association was stronger in the left middle/posterior insula when experts were compared to novices. The positive coupling of HR and BOLD was higher within the compassion state than within the neutral state in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex for both groups, underlining the role of this region in the modulation of bodily arousal states. This state effect was stronger for experts than novices in somatosensory cortices and the right inferior parietal lobule (group by state interaction). These data confirm that compassion enhances the emotional and somatosensory brain representations of others' emotions, and that this effect is modulated by expertise. Future studies are needed to further investigate the impact of compassion training on these circuits. Empathy can broadly be referred to as the capacity to understand and share another person's emotional experience. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated that observing another person's emotional state activates parts of the neuronal network involved in processing that same state in oneself, whether it is disgust, touch, or pain (for reviews see de Vignemont and Singer 2006; Sommerville and Decety, 2006). For instance, the anterior insula (AI) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which participate in the sensory and affective processing of pain (Wiech et al., 2008), were activated when participants experienced pain themselves as well as when they saw an arrow cue indicating that their partner had experienced pain (Singer et al., 2004; for review de Vignemont and Singer, 2006). These data are consistent with perception– action models of …
Role of Delta-like 4 in Jagged1-induced tumour angiogenesis and tumour growth

Delta-like 4 (DLL4) and Jagged1 (JAG1) are two key Notch ligands implicated in tumour angiogenesis. They were shown to have opposite effects on mouse retinal and adult regenerative angiogenesis. In tumours, both ligands are upregulated but their relative effects and interactions in tumour biology, particularly in tumour response to therapeutic intervention are unclear. Here we demonstrate that DLL4 and JAG1 displayed equal potency in stimulating Notch target genes in HMEC-1 endothelial cells but had opposing effects on sprouting angiogenesis in vitro. Mouse DLL4 or JAG1 expressed in glioblastoma cells decreased tumour cell proliferation in vitro but promoted tumour growth in vivo. mDLL4-expressing tumours showed fewer but larger vessels whereas mJAG1-tumours produced more vessels. In both tumour types pericyte coverage was decreased but the vessels were more perfused. Both ligands increased tumour resistance towards anti-VEGF therapy but the resistance was higher in mDLL4-tumours versus mJAG1-tumours. However, their sensitivity to the therapy was restored by blocking Notch signalling with dibenzazepine. Importantly, anti-DLL4 antibody blocked the effect of JAG1 on tumour growth and increased vessel branching in vivo. The mechanism behind the differential responsiveness was due to a positive feedback loop for DLL4-Notch signalling, rendering DLL4 more dominant in activating Notch signalling in the tumour microenvironment. We concluded that DLL4 and JAG1 promote tumour growth by modulating tumour angiogenesis via different mechanisms. JAG1 is not antagonistic but utilises DLL4 in tumour angiogenesis. The results suggest that anti-JAG1 therapy should be explored in conjunction with anti-DLL4 treatment in developing anti-Notch therapies in clinics.
The effect of globalization on union bargaining and price-cost margins of firms

In recent years, Europe has witnessed an accelerated process of economic integration. This paper analyzes how increased economic integration has affected labor and product markets. We use a panel of Belgian manufacturing firms to estimate price-cost margins and union bargaining power and show how various measures of globalization affect them. Import competition puts pressure on both markups and union bargaining power, especially when there is increased competition from low wage countries. This suggests that increased globalization is associated with a moderation of wage claims in unionized countries, which should be associated with positive effects on employment.
The Tanzanian trauma patients' prehospital experience: a qualitative interview-based study

Objectives We sought to characterise the prehospital experience of Tanzanian trauma patients, and identify barriers and facilitators to implement community-based emergency medical systems (EMS). Settings Our study was conducted in the emergency department of an urban national referral hospital in Tanzania. Participants A convenience sample of 34 adult trauma patients, or surrogate family members, presenting or referred to an urban referral emergency department in Tanzania for treatment of injury, participated in the study. Interventions Participation in semistructured, iteratively developed interviews until saturation of responses was reached. Outcomes A grounded theory-based approach to qualitative analysis was used to identify recurrent themes. Results We characterised numerous deficiencies within the existing clinic-to-hospital referral network, including missed/delayed diagnoses, limited management capabilities at pre-referral facilities and interfacility transfer delays. Potential barriers to EMS implementation include patient financial limitations and lack of insurance, limited public infrastructure and resources, and the credibility of potential first aid responders. Potential facilitators of EMS include communities’ tendency to pool resources, individuals’ trust of other community members to be first aid responders, and faith in community leaders to organise EMS response. Participants expressed a strong desire to learn first aid. Conclusions The composite themes generated by the data suggest that there are myriad structural, financial, institutional and cultural barriers to the implementation of a formal prehospital system. However, our analysis also revealed potential facilitators to a first-responder system that takes advantage of close-knit local communities and the trust of recognised leaders in society. The results suggest favourable acceptability for community-based response by trained lay people. There is significant opportunity for care improvements with short trainings and low-cost supply planning. Further research looking at the effects of delay on outcomes in this population is needed.
Pattern Selection for Faraday Waves in an Incompressible Viscous Fluid

When a layer of fluid is oscillated up and down with a sufficiently large amplitude, patterns form on the surface, a phenomenon first observed by Faraday. A wide variety of such patterns have been observed from regular squares and hexagons to superlattice and quasipatterns and more exotic patterns such as oscillons. Previous work has investigated the mechanisms of pattern selection using the tools of symmetry and bifurcation theory. The hypotheses produced by these generic arguments have been tested against an equation derived by Zhang and Vinals in the weakly viscous and large depth limit. However, in contrast, many of the experiments use shallow viscous layers of fluid to counteract the presence of high frequency weakly damped modes that can make patterns hard to observe. Here we develop a weakly nonlinear analysis of the full Navier–Stokes equations for the two‐frequency excitation Faraday experiment. The problem is formulated for general depth, although results are presented only for the infinite dept.