Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the robustness of the ammonia thermometer

Ammonia inversion lines are often used as probes of the physical conditions in the dense interstellar medium. The excitation temperature between the first two para-metastable (rotational) levels is an excellent probe of the gas kinetic temperature. However, the calibration of this ammonia thermometer depends on the accuracy of the collisional rates with H 2 . Here, we present new collisional rates for ortho- and para-NH 3 colliding with para-H 2 (J = 0), and investigate the effects of these new rates on the excitation of ammonia. Scattering calculations employ a new, high-accuracy, potential energy surface computed at the coupled-cluster CCSD(T) level with a basis set extrapolation procedure. Rates are obtained for all transitions involving ammonia levels with J ≤ 3 and for kinetic temperatures in the range 5-100 K. We find that the calibration curve of the ammonia thermometer - which relates the observed excitation temperature between the first two para-metastable levels to the gas kinetic temperature-does not change significantly when these new rates are used. Thus, the calibration of ammonia thermometer appears to be robust. Effects of the new rates on the excitation temperature of inversion and rotation-inversion transitions are also found to be small.
Macroprolactinemia: Diagnostic, Clinical, and Pathogenic Significance

Macroprolactinemia is characterized by a large molecular mass of PRL (macroprolactin) as the main molecular form of PRL in sera, the frequent elevation of serum PRL (hyperprolactinemia), and the lack of symptoms. Macroprolactin is largely a complex of PRL with immunoglobulin G (IgG), especially anti-PRL autoantibodies. The prevalence of macroprolactinemia is 10–25% in patients with hyperprolactinemia and 3.7% in general population. There is no gender difference and a long-term followup demonstrates that macroprolactinemia develops before middle age and is likely a chronic condition. Polyethylene-glycol- (PEG-) precipitation method is widely used for screening macroprolactinemia, and gel filtration chromatography, protein A/G column, and I125-PRL binding studies are performed to confirm and clarify its nature. The cross-reactivity of macroprolactin varies widely according to the immunoassay systems. The epitope on PRL molecule recognized by the autoantibodies is located close to the binding site for PRL receptors, which may explain that macroprolactin has a lower biological activity. Hyperprolactinemia frequently seen in macroprolactinemic patients is due to the delayed clearance of autoantibody-bound PRL. When rats are immunized with rat pituitary PRL, anti-PRL autoantibodies are produced and hyperprolactinemia develops, mimicking macroprolactinemia in humans. Screening of macroprolactinemia is important for the differential diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia to avoid unnecessary examinations and treatments.
Fair optimal tax with endogenous productivities

What is a good incentive-compatible policy when one wants to respect individual choices of labor and human capital but eliminate inequalities due to unequal access to human capital and different returns to human capital, and when earnings and human capital expenditures are the only verifiable variables We propose a social ordering that incorporates this goal and we analyze the evaluation of tax reforms and the properties of optimal linear and non-linear taxes. For reform evaluation and for optimal non-linear taxation, the focus is on the situation of individuals with the most disadvantaged characteristics who work full time and spend a certain high amount in human capital.
The human capacity for growth through adversity.

Bartone, P. T. (1999). Hardiness protects against war-related stress in Army Reserve forces. Consulting Psychology Journal, 51, 72–82. Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59, 20–28. Khoshaba, D. M. , & Maddi, S. R. (2001). HardiTraining (4th ed.). Newport Beach, CA: Hardiness Institute. Maddi, S. R. (1996). Personality theories: A comparative analysis (6th ed.). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press. Maddi, S. R. (2002). The story of hardiness: Twenty years of theorizing, research, and practice. Consulting Psychology Journal, 54, 173–185. Maddi, S. R. , & Khoshaba, D. M. (2001). HardiSurvey III-R: Test development and internet instruction manual (4th ed.). Newport Beach, CA: Hardiness Institute.
Fluctuations of Hi-Hat Timing and Dynamics in a Virtuoso Drum Track of a Popular Music Recording

Long-range correlated temporal fluctuations in the beats of musical rhythms are an inevitable consequence of human action. According to recent studies, such fluctuations also lead to a favored listening experience. The scaling laws of amplitude variations in rhythms, however, are widely unknown. Here we use highly sensitive onset detection and time series analysis to study the amplitude and temporal fluctuations of Jeff Porcaro’s one-handed hi-hat pattern in “I Keep Forgettin’”—one of the most renowned 16th note patterns in modern drumming. We show that fluctuations of hi-hat amplitudes and interbeat intervals (times between hits) have clear long-range correlations and short-range anticorrelations separated by a characteristic time scale. In addition, we detect subtle features in Porcaro’s drumming such as small drifts in the 16th note pulse and non-trivial periodic two-bar patterns in both hi-hat amplitudes and intervals. Through this investigation we introduce a step towards statistical studies of the 20th and 21st century music recordings in the framework of complex systems. Our analysis has direct applications to the development of drum machines and to drumming pedagogy.
Impact of small process geometries on microarchitectures in systems on a chip

Process effects in deep-submicrometer geometries are expected to change the physical organization, or microarchitecture, of integrated circuits. The factor that is expected to primarily impact integrated circuit microarchitectures is increasing delays in interconnect. We believe that, to properly microarchitect integrated circuits in small process geometries, it is necessary to get as detailed a picture as possible of the effects and then to draw conclusions about changes in microarchitecture. To this end, in this paper we describe a comprehensive approach to accurately characterizing the device and interconnect characteristics of present and future process generations. This approach uses a detailed extrapolation of future process technologies to obtain a realistic view of the future of circuit design. We then proceed to quantify the precise impact of interconnect, including dynamic delay due to noise, on the performance of high-end integrated circuit designs. Having determined this, we then reconsider the impact of future processes on integrated-circuit design methodology. We determine that local interconnect effects can be managed through a deep-submicrometer design hierarchy that uses 50 K-100 K gate modules as primitive building blocks. In light of this new system-on-a-chip microarchitecture, we then examine global interconnect issues. Our results indicate that, while global communication speeds will necessarily be lower than local clock speeds, international Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors expectations should be attainable to the 0.05-/spl mu/m technology generation. Achieving these high clock speeds (10 GHz local clock) will be aided by the use of a newly proposed routing hierarchy that limits interconnect effects at each level of a design (local, isochronous, and global). In addition, key components of the interconnect architecture of the future include fat (or unscaled) global wires, intelligent repeater and shield wire insertion, and efficient packaging technologies.
An Incentive Mechanism for Promoting Honesty in E-Marketplaces

To explain, the ratings provided by advisors are possibly unfair. Buyers may provide unfairly high ratings to promote the seller. This is referred to as “ballot stuffing” (Dellarocas 2000). Buyers may also provide unfairly low ratings, in order to cooperate with other sellers to drive a seller out of the marketplace. This is referred to as “bad-mouthing”. Besides the problem of unfair ratings, rating submission is voluntary in most trust management systems. Buyers do not have direct incentives to provide ratings because, for example, providing reputation ratings of sellers requires some effort (Josang, Ismail, & Boyd 2005). Providing fair ratings for a trustworthy seller may also decrease the chance of doing business with the seller because of competition from other buyers.
Biogenic secondary organic aerosol over the United States: Comparison of climatological simulations with observations

[1] Understanding the effects of global climate change on regional air quality is central in future air quality planning. We report here on the use of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) general circulation model (GCM) III to drive the GEOS-CHEM global atmospheric chemical transport model to simulate climatological present-day aerosol levels over the United States. Evaluation of model predictions using surface measurements from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network indicates that the GISS GCM III/GEOS-CHEM model is a suitable tool for simulating aerosols over the United States in the present climate. The model reproduces fairly well the concentrations of sulfate (mean bias of � 0.36 m gm � 3 , normalized mean bias (NMB) of � 25.9%), black carbon (� 0.004 m gm � 3 , � 1.9%), organic carbon that comprises primary and secondary components (� 0.56 m gm � 3 , � 34.2%), and PM2.5 (� 0.87 m gm � 3 , � 20.4%). Nitrate concentrations are overpredicted in the western United States (west of 95W) with a NMB of +75.6% and underestimated in the eastern United States with a NMB of � 54.4%. Special attention is paid to biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The highest predicted seasonal mean SOA concentrations of 1–2 m gm � 3 and 0.5–1.5 m gm � 3 are predicted over the northwestern and southeastern United States, respectively, in the months of June–July–August. Isoprene is predicted to contribute 49.5% of the biogenic SOA burden over the United States, with the rest explained by the oxidation of terpenes. Predicted biogenic SOA concentrations are in reasonable agreement with inferred SOA levels from IMPROVE measurements. On an annual basis, SOA is predicted to contribute 10–20% of PM2.5 mass in the southeastern United States, as high as 38% in the northwest and about 5–15% in other regions, indicating the important role of SOA in understanding air quality and visibility over the United States.
UNRAVELING THE PROCESS OF CREATIVE DESTRUCTION: COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS AND INCUMBENT SURVIVAL IN THE TYPESETTER INDUSTRY: UNRAVELING THE PROCESS OF CREATIVE DESTRUCTION

When radical technological change transforms an industry established firms sometimes fail drastically and are displaced by new entrants, yet other times survive and prosper. Drawing upon an unusually rich data set that covers the technological and competitive history of the typesetter industry from 1886 to 1990, this paper uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis to unravel this process of creative destruction. It argues that the ultimate commercial performance of incumbents vs. new entrants is driven by the balance and interaction of three factors: investment, technical capabilities, and appropriability through specialized complementary assets. In this industry, specialized complementary assets played a crucial role in buffering incumbents from the effects of competence destruction, and an analysis that examined investment or technical capabilities in isolation would have led to misleading results. This work thus highlights the importance of considering multiple perspectives when examining the competitive implications of technological change.  1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A GaAs HEMT MMIC Chip Set For Automotive Radar Systems Fabricated By Optical Stepper Lithography

A 77 GHz automotive radar system for collision avoidance and intelligent cruise control has recently gained interest because of its huge market potential. The questions of the optimum technological and system approaches leading to both low cost and high performance have not yet been finally answered. The approach to this problem reported here differs mainly in two aspects from the GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) solutions described earlier: (1) 0.12 /spl mu/m gatelength pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (PHEMTs) are fabricated by optical stepper lithography, (2) a coplanar design is used. A fully passivated PHEMT MMIC fabrication process is reported with current-gain and power-gain cutoff frequencies exceeding 115 and 220 GHz, respectively. The design and performance of a chip set consisting of four different MMICs [voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), harmonic mixer, transmitter, receiver] are described. The great potential of this MMIC approach to meet all system requirements of an automotive radar sensor in a cost-effective and production-oriented way is shown. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of W-band coplanar multifunctional MMICs fabricated by optical stepper lithography.
Resiliency Based Social Learning: A Strengths Based Approach

ABSTRACT Residential treatment centers have faced many changes as the involvement of managed care has led to reduced lengths of stay and increases in the severity of problems treated at this level of care. This paper discusses the development of a new theoretical framework that combines social learning theory with the research on resilience to create a strengths based model for residential treatment. This model uses interventions that seek short- and long-term changes in order to meet the changing demands of residential treatment. Specifically, social learning theory is applied to the creation of a behavior management system providing external controls to support immediate behavior change. This aspect of the model provides immediate, but short-term, results. The construct of resilience is then used to create interventions that teach children how to overcome the difficulties they face. The process of learning resiliency skills provides for internalized changes bringing long-term results. Combining these approaches creates a unique way of looking at how we provide treatment that focuses not just on problems, but also upon residents' strengths.
Ergonomics Society of the Human Factors and Human Factors: The Journal

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess how scrolling through playlists on an MP3 player or its aftermarket controller affects driving performance and to examine how drivers adapt device use to driving demands. Background: Drivers use increasingly complex infotainment devices that can undermine driving performance. The goal activation hypothesis suggests that drivers might fail to compensate for these demands, particularly with long tasks and large search set sizes. Method: A total of 50 participants searched for songs in playlists of varying lengths using either an MP3 player or an aftermarket controller while negotiating road segments with traffic and construction in a medium-fidelity driving simulator. Results: Searching through long playlists (580 songs) resulted in poor driving performance and required more long glances (longer than 2 s) to the device compared with other playlist lengths. The aftermarket controller also led to more long glances compared with the MP3 player. Drivers did not adequately adapt their behavior to roadway demand, as evident in their degraded driving performance. No significant performance differences were found between short playlists, the radio-tuning task, and the no-task condition. Conclusion: Selecting songs from long playlists undermined driving performance, and drivers did not sufficiently adapt their use of the device to the roadway demands, consistent with the goal activation hypothesis. The aftermarket controller degraded rather than enhanced performance. Application: Infotainment systems should support drivers in managing distraction. Aftermarket controllers can have the unintended effect of making devices carried into the car less compatible with driving. These results can motivate development of new interfaces as alternatives to scrolling lists.
Increasing the precision of orthology-based complex prediction through network alignment

Macromolecular assemblies play an important role in almost all cellular processes. However, despite several large-scale studies, our current knowledge about protein complexes is still quite limited, thus advocating the use of in silico predictions to gather information on complex composition in model organisms. Since protein–protein interactions present certain constraints on the functional divergence of macromolecular assemblies during evolution, it is possible to predict complexes based on orthology data. Here, we show that incorporating interaction information through network alignment significantly increases the precision of orthology-based complex prediction. Moreover, we performed a large-scale in silico screen for protein complexes in human, yeast and fly, through the alignment of hundreds of known complexes to whole organism interactomes. Systematic comparison of the resulting network alignments to all complexes currently known in those species revealed many conserved complexes, as well as several novel complex components. In addition to validating our predictions using orthogonal data, we were able to assign specific functional roles to the predicted complexes. In several cases, the incorporation of interaction data through network alignment allowed to distinguish real complex components from other orthologous proteins. Our analyses indicate that current knowledge of yeast protein complexes exceeds that in other organisms and that predicting complexes in fly based on human and yeast data is complementary rather than redundant. Lastly, assessing the conservation of protein complexes of the human pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae, we discovered that its complexes repertoire is different from that of eukaryotes, suggesting new points of therapeutic intervention, whereas targeting the pathogen’s Restriction enzyme complex might lead to adverse effects due to its similarity to ATP-dependent metalloproteases in the human host.
One Step More to Understand the Bug Report Duplication Problem

According to recent work, duplicate bug reports impact negatively on software maintenance and evolution productivity due to, among other factors, the increased time spent on report analysis and validation. Therefore, a considerable amount of time is lost mainly with duplicate bug report analysis. In this sense, this work presents am exploratory study using data from bug trackers from private and open source projects, in order to understand the possible factors (i.e. software life-time, size, amount of bug reports, etc.) that cause bug report duplication and its impact on software development. This work also discusses bug report characteristics that could help identifying duplicates.
Understanding the Ethical Consumer: Employing a frame of bounded rationality

This thesis is about ethical consumers. In some business circles ethical consumers are treated simply as one kind of consumer in a market society where a niche can be created to satisfy every preference. Conversely some advocates of more radical change propose consumer activism as part of a movement which will force ethical considerations into the decision-making of capitalist businesses and governments alike. Questions about ethics are central to consumer society. Unlike most recent research into the 'green' or 'socially conscious' consumer that has been based on either extensive quantitative surveys or focus groups, the research presented here analyses consumer decisions in a social context. Sixteen case studies of ethical consumers in differing circumstances are developed in considerable detail. Starting from the theoretical observation that being an ethical consumer presents apparently daunting difficulties, especially with respect to decision making, the research uses bounded rationality theory to explain how these cases maintain their self-image as ethical. From these data I suggest thinking of ethical consumers as adopting coping strategies. Those contributing to the study were seen to be 'distancing' themselves from practices they consider unethical, 'integrating' their lives around addressing the issues current in ethical consumer discourse and/or 'rationalising' their ethical consumption against their acceptance of consumer capitalism. Each strategy can be shown to reduce the scope and/or difficulty of decision making. Finally, consideration is given to the nature of ethical consumption as a political project. Individual consumers respond in diverse ways to a social discourse on any given ethical issue even where strong and clear consumption advice is given. I argue that ethical consumerism is limited by the capacity of individuals to give attention to more than a few actions. Its political significance is nevertheless enhanced by the unpredictability of consumer response.
Unsupervised Modeling of Signs Embedded in Continuous Sentences

The common practice in sign language recognition is to ? rst construct individual sign models, in terms of discrete state transitions, mostly represented using Hidden Markov Models, from manually isolated sign samples and then to use it to recognize signs in continuous sentences. In this paper we (i) propose a continuous state space model, where the states are based on purely image-based features, without the use of special gloves, and (ii) present an unsupervised approach to both extract and learn models for continuous basic units of signs, which we term as signemes, from continuous sentences. Given a set of sentences with a common sign, we can automatically learn the model for part of the sign, or signeme, that is least affected by coarticulation effects. While there are coarticulation effects in speech recognition, these effects are even stronger in sign language. The model itself is in term of traces in a space of Relational Distributions. Each point in this space represents a Relational Distribution, capturing the spatial relationships between low-level features, such as edge points. We perform speed normalization and then incrementally extract the common sign between sentences, or signemes, with a dynamic programming framework at the core to compute warped distance between two subsentences. We test our idea using the publicly available Boston SignStream Dataset by building signeme models of 18 signs. We test the quality of the models by considering how well we can localize the sign in a new sentence. We also present preliminary results for the ability to generalize across signers.
The multiple roles of chosen familia: exploring the interconnections of queer Latino men’s community cultural wealth

Abstract This study contributes to the literature on college students with multiple marginalized identities by investigating the experiences of queer Latino men as they created familial relationships during their time in college. Data from The National Study on Latino Male Achievement in Higher Education was used to elucidate how queer Latino men’s chosen family members fostered the community cultural wealth that helps them succeed at selective institutions. In addition to providing emotional and social support, chosen familia bolstered queer Latino college men’s navigational, aspirational, and resistant capital. By centering the stories of these participants using a narrative inquiry approach, this study offers important implications for staff and faculty at selective institutions as they seek to increase queer Latino men’s success in college.