Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Participatory Cultural Mapping Based on Collective Behavior Data in Location-Based Social Networks

Culture has been recognized as a driving impetus for human development. It co-evolves with both human belief and behavior. When studying culture, Cultural Mapping is a crucial tool to visualize different aspects of culture (e.g., religions and languages) from the perspectives of indigenous and local people. Existing cultural mapping approaches usually rely on large-scale survey data with respect to human beliefs, such as moral values. However, such a data collection method not only incurs a significant cost of both human resources and time, but also fails to capture human behavior, which massively reflects cultural information. In addition, it is practically difficult to collect large-scale human behavior data. Fortunately, with the recent boom in Location-Based Social Networks (LBSNs), a considerable number of users report their activities in LBSNs in a participatory manner, which provides us with an unprecedented opportunity to study large-scale user behavioral data. In this article, we propose a participatory cultural mapping approach based on collective behavior in LBSNs. First, we collect the participatory sensed user behavioral data from LBSNs. Second, since only local users are eligible for cultural mapping, we propose a progressive “home” location identification method to filter out ineligible users. Third, by extracting three key cultural features from daily activity, mobility, and linguistic perspectives, respectively, we propose a cultural clustering method to discover cultural clusters. Finally, we visualize the cultural clusters on the world map. Based on a real-world LBSN dataset, we experimentally validate our approach by conducting both qualitative and quantitative analysis on the generated cultural maps. The results show that our approach can subtly capture cultural features and generate representative cultural maps that correspond well with traditional cultural maps based on survey data.
EtherCAT-based platform for distributed control in high-performance industrial applications

Industrial Ethernet is gradually becoming pervasive in the automation field. EtherCAT is one such technology, combining high real-time performance with a rich functionality set. Besides that, EtherCAT offers short cycle times, accurate time synchronization, redundancy and high data throughput. Most EtherCAT applications are in the 500-1000μs domain. There are only few EtherCAT master implementations in the sub-100 or sub-50μs range for high-performance applications. This paper presents EtherCAT based distributed controller which is capable of less than 30μs cycle times and was implemented on P2020 processor. Total HW and SW overhead per cycle is 9. 6μs including jitter of 5μs. Achieved preciseness of the distributed time is below 20ns. The stack was designed to be modular and also reused on different platforms.
Comparative Study of Laparoscopy-Assisted versus Open Subtotal Gastrectomy for pT2 Gastric Cancer

Purpose Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) is a widely accepted surgery for early gastric cancer. However, its use in advanced gastric cancer has rarely been studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility and survival outcomes of LADG for pT2 gastric cancer. Materials and Methods Between January 2004 and December 2009, we evaluated 67 and 52 patients who underwent open distal gastrectomy (ODG) and LADG, respectively, with diagnosis of pT2 gastric cancer. The clinicopathological characteristics, postoperative outcomes, and survival were retrospectively compared between the two groups. Results There were statistically significant differences in the proximal margin of the clinicopathological parameters. The operation time was significantly longer in LADG than in ODG (207.7 vs. 159.9 minutes). There were 6 (9.0%) and 5 (9.6%) complications in ODG and LADG, respectively. During follow-up periods, tumor recurrence occurred in 7 (10.4%) patients of the ODG and in 4 (7.7%) patients of the LADG group. The 5-year survival rate of ODG and LADG was 88.6% and 91.3% (p=0.613), respectively. In view of lymph node involvement, 5-year survival rates were 96.0% in ODG versus 97.0% in LADG for patients with negative nodal metastasis (p=0.968) and 80.9% in ODG versus 78.7% in LADG for those with positive nodal metastasis (p=0.868). Conclusion Although prospective study is necessary to compare LADG with open gastrectomy for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy might be considered as an alternative treatment for some pT2 gastric cancer.
Regionally specific disturbance of dorsolateral prefrontal-hippocampal functional connectivity in schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND Two brain regions often implicated in schizophrenia are the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the hippocampal formation (HF). It has been hypothesized that the pathophysiology of the disorder might involve an alteration of functional interactions between medial temporal and prefrontal areas. METHODS We used neuroimaging data acquired during a working memory challenge and a sensorimotor control task in 22 medication-free schizophrenic patients and 22 performance-, age-, and sex-matched healthy subjects to investigate "functional connectivity" between HF and DLPFC in schizophrenia. The HF blood flow, measured with positron emission tomography, was assessed within a probabilistic template. Brain areas whose activity was positively or negatively coupled to HF were identified using voxelwise analysis of covariance throughout the entire brain and analyzed using a random effects model. RESULTS During working memory, patients showed reduced activation of the right DLPFC and left cerebellum. In both groups, inverse correlations were observed between the HF and the contralateral DLPFC and inferior parietal lobule. While these did not differ between diagnostic groups during the control task, the working memory challenge revealed a specific abnormality in DLPFC-HF functional connectivity-while the right DLPFC was significantly coupled to the left HF in both groups during the control task, this correlation was not seen in healthy subjects during working memory but persisted undiminished in patients, resulting in a significant task-by-group interaction. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a regionally specific alteration of HF-DLPFC functional connectivity in schizophrenia that manifests as an unmodulated persistence of an HF-DLPFC linkage during working memory activation. Thus, a mechanism by which HF dysfunction may manifest in schizophrenia is by inappropriate reciprocal modulatory interaction with the DLPFC.
Imaging how attention modulates pain in humans using functional MRI.

Current clinical and experimental literature strongly supports the phenomenon of reduced pain perception whilst attention is distracted away from noxious stimuli. This study used functional MRI to elucidate the underlying neural systems and mechanisms involved. An analogue of the Stroop task, the counting Stroop, was used as a cognitive distraction task whilst subjects received intermittent painful thermal stimuli. Pain intensity scores were significantly reduced when subjects took part in the more cognitively demanding interference task of the counting Stroop than in the less demanding neutral task. When subjects were distracted during painful stimulation, brain areas associated with the affective division of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and orbitofrontal regions showed increased activation. In contrast, many areas of the pain matrix (i.e. thalamus, insula, cognitive division of the ACC) displayed reduced activation, supporting the behavioural results of reduced pain perception.
Immunocytological localization of pedal peptide in the central nervous system and periphery of Aplysia

Immunocytology using antisera raised to conjugated pedal peptide (Pep) was used to localize the peptide in the CNS and periphery of Aplysia. A total of over 200 neurons in the CNS exhibited Pep-like immunoreactivity. As expected from results presented in the previous paper, immunoreactive neurons were heavily concentrated in the pedal ganglia, primarily in a broad ribbon comprised of about 60 large contiguous neurons on the dorsal side of each ganglion. Smaller and less numerous immunoreactive neurons were found in the other ganglia. A number of neurons primarily located in the abdominal ganglia had dense networks of immunoreactive varicose fibers surrounding their cell bodies. Many immunoreactive axons were observed in peripheral nerves, particularly those nerves leaving the pedal ganglia. Analyses of sections of body wall indicated that Pep-like immunoreactivity was localized to a series of varicose axons that appeared to be associated with vascular spaces, muscle fibers, and other large cells. These axons likely arise from pedal ganglion nerves that were shown to transport large amounts of 35S-labeled Pep to the periphery. These results suggest that Pep is a transmitter-like neuropeptide that is likely to have a number of important physiological actions in Aplysia.
Online self-assessment and peer-assessment as a tool to enhance student-teachers’ assessment skills

Abstract Self-assessment and peer-assessment are strategies employed to encourage students to take more responsibility for the learning process. Although the advantages are not obvious, the process has the potential to empower learning and to assist the development of assessment skills, which are so important for future teachers. The research aimed to identify student-teachers' attitudes concerning the contribution of self-assessment and anonymous peer-assessment to the quality of their assignments and improvement of their assessment skills, using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The sample included 300 students studying for bachelor’s or master’s degrees. Texts that were analysed included: responses to a questionnaire, self and peer-assessments, word comments on the assignments and written blog content relating to students’ activities and their performance of peer evaluations. The students noted that they significantly benefitted from the process, learned various methods of assignment and assessment performance and it positioned them in relation to others, noticing how others evaluated them. Anonymous evaluation allowed students to overcome inhibitions in evaluating peers' works and improved their assessment skills.
Dynamic of Mixed HCV Infection in Plasma and PBMC of HIV/HCV Patients Under Treatment With Peg-IFN/Ribavirin

AbstractThe extent of mixed hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype in different compartments (plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell, PBMC) and possible association with treatment efficacy in HIV/HCV coinfected patients remains to be unknown.The objective of this study was to elucidate the frequency of mixed genotype infection (MG), its profile in different compartments during anti-HCV treatment, and the possible influence of different genotypes on the response rate.The compartmentalization of HCV population was investigated by next-generation sequencing in 19 HIV/HCV coinfected patients under anti-HCV treatment with peginterferon/ribavirin (P–R). Ten individuals were nonresponder (NR) or relapser (RE) to P–R treatment and 9 had a sustained virological response (SVR). Eleven/nineteen (58%) patients had MG in plasma compartment. Ten or 12 patients infected by a difficult to treat genotype (DTG) 1 or 4 as dominant strain, had an MG, whereas only 1/7 individuals infected by easy to treat genotype (ETG) harbored a mixed genotype, P = 0.006. HCV–RNA was more frequently detected in PBMC of NR (10/10) than in those of SVR (5/9), P = 0.032. Mixed genotype infection was detected in 6/15 (40%) PBMC-positive cases and was not associated with P–R treatment response. By multivariate analysis, MG in plasma samples was the most important viral factor affecting the treatment response (P = 0.0237). Detection of MG in plasma of HIV/HCV coinfected patients seems to represent the major determinant of response to P–R treatment. This finding may have important clinical implication in light of the new therapeutic approach in HIV/HCV coinfected individuals suggesting that combination treatment with direct acting antivirals could be less effective in MG.
Near-Infrared Imaging of Early-Type Galaxies. III. The Near-Infrared Fundamental Plane

Near-infrared imaging data on 251 early-type galaxies in clusters and groups are used to construct the near-infrared fundamental plane (FP) The slope of the FP therefore departs from the virial expectation of reff ∝ σ⟨Σ⟩ at all optical and near-infrared wavelengths, which could be a result of the variation of M/L along the elliptical galaxy sequence or a systematic breakdown of homology among the family of elliptical galaxies. The slope of the near-infrared FP excludes metallicity variations as the sole cause of the slope of the FP. Age effects, dynamical deviations from a homology, or any combination of these (with or without metallicity), however, are not excluded. The scatter of both the near-infrared and optical FP are nearly identical and substantially larger than the observational uncertainties, demonstrating small but significant intrinsic cosmological scatter for the FP at all wavelengths. The lack of a correlation of the residuals of the near-infrared FP and the residuals from the Mg2-σ0 relation indicates that the thickness of these relations cannot be ascribed only to age or metallicity effects. Because of this metallicity independence, the small scatter of the near-infrared FP excludes a model in which age and metallicity effects "conspire" to keep the optical FP thin. All of these results suggest that the possible physical origins of the FP relations are complicated due to combined effects of variations of stellar populations and structural parameters among elliptical galaxies.
The Law of Genius and Home Runs Refuted

In a lively, provocative article, DeVany claims inter alia that the size distribution of home runs follows a continuous “power law” distribution which is nested in a larger class of “stable” statistical distributions characterized by an infinite variance. He uses this putative fact about the size distribution of home runs to argue that concern about the use of steroids to enhance home run ability is necessarily misplaced. In this article, we show that the initial claim is false and argue that the subsequent claim about the potential importance of steroid use does not follow from the first. We also show that the method used to establish that the size distribution of home runs is characterized by an infinite variance is unreliable and will find evidence “consistent” with infinite variance in all but the most trivial of data sets generated by processes with finite variance. Despite a large and growing literature that spans several fields and uses methods and arguments similar to DeVany’s, we argue that mere inspection of the unconditional distribution of some human phenomenon is unlikely to yield much insight. (JEL C16, L83)
The proper place of men and machines in language technology Processing Russian without any linguistic knowledge

The paper describes several experiments aimed at designing tools for processing Russian texts, namely for Part-Of-Speech tagging, lemmatisation and syntactic parsing, exploiting exclusively statistical approaches without coding any linguistic rules specifically for Russian. While not claiming any new ground for machine learning research, the results demonstrate the possibility to create state-of-the-art tools for Russian in very short time using only machine learning and no hard-coded linguistic knowledge. One of the results of this study is a set of publicly available resources which can be used in standard pipelines for processing Russian. However, they also demonstrate hidden costs associated with the use of purely statistical methods and the need to integrate linguistic parameters into statistical procedures.
Application-based feature selection for Internet traffic classification

Recently, several statistical techniques using flow features have been proposed to address the problem of traffic classification. These methods achieve in general high recognition rates of the dominant applications and more random results for less popular ones. This stems from the selection process of the flow features, used as inputs of the statistical algorithm, which is biased toward those dominant applications. As a consequence, existing methods are difficult to adapt to the changing needs of network administrators that might want to quickly identify dominant applications like p2p or HTTP based applications or to zoom on specific less popular (in terms of bytes or flows) applications on a given site, which could be HTTP streaming or Gnutella for instance. We propose a new approach, aimed to address the above mentioned issues, based on logistic regression. Our technique can automatically select distinct, per-application features that best separate each application from the rest of the traffic. In addition, it has a low computation cost and needs only to inspect the first few packets of a flow to classify it, which means that it can be implemented in real time. We exemplify our method using two recent traces collected on two ADSL platforms of a large ISP.
One-Class LP Classifiers for Dissimilarity Representations

Problems in which abnormal or novel situations should be detected can be approached by describing the domain of the class of typical examples. These applications come from the areas of machine diagnostics, fault detection, illness identification or, in principle, refer to any problem where little knowledge is available outside the typical class. In this paper we explain why proximities are natural representations for domain descriptors and we propose a simple one-class classifier for dissimilarity representations. By the use of linear programming an efficient one-class description can be found, based on a small number of prototype objects. This classifier can be made (1) more robust by transforming the dissimilarities and (2) cheaper to compute by using a reduced representation set. Finally, a comparison to a comparable one-class classifier by Campbell and Bennett is given.
Crafting a job in ‘tough times’: When being proactive is positively related to work attachment

Employee work attachment has been found to predict many important work attitudes and behaviours. In this article, we hypothesize that job crafting will be positively associated with work attachment as indicated by psychological ownership of the job and affective organizational commitment. Moreover, drawing on theories and research on work meaning and work identity, we propose that the positive association between job crafting and work attachment will be stronger when employees experience tough times at work (i.e., low-quality leader-member dynamics that result from being rated as a poor performer, or experiencing job insecurity). We test our hypotheses in two studies: the first using cross-sectional survey data from a sample of 295 employees matched with archival performance evaluation data and the second using data collected from two, time-lagged surveys from a sample of 194 employees and their supervisors. Results from these two studies supported the main effect of job crafting on work attachment. Moreover, the analyses of moderators showed that job crafting was strongly related to work attachment for low performers or insecure job-holders (i.e., those who experience tough times). The present research provides insights into how to build work attachment by highlighting the proactive role of employees and advances job crafting theory by identifying moderators of job crafting effects. Practitioner points: Employee job crafting is positively related to work attachment (e.g., feelings of job ownership and organizational commitment). Organizations should provide employees with more opportunities to job craft so that employees would get more attached to their work and may thus achieve more positive work outcomes. Low performers and insecure job-holders develop greater work attachment through job crafting (e.g., seeking more job resources and challenges) than high performers and secure job-holders.
Predation risk suppresses mating success and offspring production in the coastal marine copepod, Eurytemora herdmani

We investigated the effects of a common mysid predator, Neomysis americana on the mating success of an estuarine copepod, Eurytemora herdmani. The presence of a mysid predator, or only a predator cue, reduced copulation frequency and spermatophore transfer success of E. herdmani. and led to a substantial decrease in E. herdmani nauplius production. Thus, mysid predators can influence copepod population growth through nonconsumptive processes by reducing the frequency and success of mating events. This highlights the need to look beyond population‐level demographic factors (i.e., sex ratio and population density) and consider community‐level ecological factors (such as predation risk) when modeling population growth rates of prey species critical to marine food webs.
Investigating Race Salience, Defendant Race, and Victim Race Effects on Mock Juror Decision-Making in Canada

The purpose of this study was to test whether defendant and victim race (White, Black, Aboriginal Canadian) would jointly influence mock juror decision-making, and to test the effectiveness of making race a salient issue in mitigating bias. Participants (N = 558) read a robbery trial transcript in which race salience was experimentally manipulated via the defense’s closing argument (with defendant and victim race manipulated via photographs), then provided verdicts and indicated whether they perceived race to be a salient issue in the trial. Results demonstrated differential victim and defendant race effects as a function of experimental race salience manipulation and mock juror race, as well as effects for participants’ self-reported perception that race was a relevant feature of the trial. Overall, these findings suggest important differences in the impact of the race salience technique as a function of victim race.
Standardly stratified algebras and cellular algebras

Let A be an Artin algebra. Then there are finitely many non-isomorphic simple A-modules. Suppose S1, S2, …, Sn form a complete list of all non-isomorphic simple A-modules and we fix this ordering of simple modules. Let Pi and Qi be the projective cover and the injective envelope of Si respectively. With this order of simple modules we define for each i the standard module Δ(i) to be the maximal quotient of Pi with composition factors Sj with j [les ] i. Let Δ be the set of all these standard modules Δ(i). We denote by [Fscr ](Δ) the subcategory of A-mod whose objects are the modules M which have a Δ-filtration, namely there is a finite chain 0 = M0 ⊂ M1 ⊂ M2 ⊂ … ⊂ Mt = M of submodules of M such that Mi/Mi−1 is isomorphic to a module in Δ for all i. The modules in [Fscr ](Δ) are called Δ-good modules. Dually, we define the costandard module ∇(i) to be the maximal submodule of Qi with composition factors Sj with j [les ] i and denote by ∇ the collection of all costandard modules. In this way, we have also the subcategory [Fscr ](∇) of A-mod whose objects are these modules which have a ∇-filtration. Of course, we have the notion of ∇-good modules. Note that Δ(n) is always projective and ∇(n) is always injective.