Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rotation periods for stars of the TW Hydrae association: the evidence for two spatially and rotationally distinct pre-main-sequence populations

We have conducted a photometric study of late-type members of the TW Hydrae association (TWA) and measured the rotation periods for 16 stars in 12 systems. For TWA stars listed by Webb et al. and Sterzik et al. (TWA 1–13; led by TW Hya = TWA 1) we find a median period of 4.7 d. However, for stars that we measured in the TWA 14–19 group identified by Zuckerman et al., we find a median period of only 0.7 d. The period distributions of the two groups cannot be reconciled at the 3σ significance level. Using photometric arguments supported by the Hipparcos distance to HD 102458 (= TWA 19A), we find that TWA 14–19 reside at an average distance of d≈ 90 pc, spatially at the near boundary of the Lower Centaurus–Crux (LCC) subgroup of the Ophiuchus–Scorpius–Centaurus OB-star association. Proper motions for HD 102458, TWA 14, 18 and 19B link these stars to the LCC subgroup. From Hertzsprung–Russell diagram placement, we derive an age of ≈17 Myr for the HD 102458 system that may be the representative age for the TWA 14–19 group. Merging various lines of evidence, we conclude that these stars form a spatially and rotationally distinct population of older pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars, rather than being an extension of the TWA beyond those stars associated with TW Hya that have an age of ∼10 Myr and reside at d≈ 55 pc. Instead, TWA 14–19 likely represent the population of low-mass stars still physically associated with the LCC subgroup.
Sedimentology of the debris‐flow‐dominated Warm Spring Canyon alluvial fan, Death Valley, California

Facies analysis of widely distributed exposures of the 32·6 km2 and 8·1‐km‐long Warm Spring Canyon fan, central Death Valley, shows that it has been built principally by debris‐flow deposits. These deposits were derived from a mature Panamint Range catchment mostly underlain by Precambrian mudrock, quartzite and dolomite. Stacked, clast‐rich and matrix‐supported debris‐flow lobes of slightly bouldery, muddy, pebble–cobble gravel in beds 20–150 cm thick dominate the fan from apex to toe, accounting for 75–98% of most exposures. Interstratified with the debris flows are less abundant (2–25% of cuts), thinner (5–30 cm) and more discontinuous beds of clast‐supported and imbricated, pebble–cobble gravel deposited by overland flows and gully flows. This facies formed by the surficial fine‐fraction water winnowing of the debris flows primarily during recessional flood stage of the debris‐flow events. Two other facies associations make up a small part of the fan. The incised‐channel tract consists of a 250‐m‐wide clast‐supported ribbon of irregularly to thickly bedded, boulder, pebble, cobble gravel nested within debris‐flow deposits. This channel fill is oriented generally perpendicular to the Panamint range front. It formed by extensive erosion and winnowing of debris flows deposited within the incised channel, into which all water discharge from the catchment is funnelled. The limited presence of this facies only straddling the present incised channel indicates that this channel overall has maintained a consistent position on the fan except for slight lateral shifts, some caused by strike‐slip offset. Fault offset temporarily closed the upper incised channel, causing recessional debris‐flow mud to be ponded behind the dam. The other local facies assemblage consists of subrounded to rounded, moderately sorted pebble gravel in low‐angle cross‐beds that slope both basinwards and fanwards. This gravel was deposited in beachface, backshore and shoreface barrier‐spit environments that developed where Lake Manly impinged on the Warm Spring fan during late Pleistocene time. These deposits straddle headcuts into, and were derived from, erosion of the debris‐flow deposits. Wave energy sorted finer sediment from the shore zone, concentrated coarser sediment and rounded the coarse to very coarse pebble fraction by selective reworking.
Environmental Discourses and the Ivorian Savanna

The African continent is portrayed in development texts as experiencing environmental crises of staggering proportions. Despite a lack of reliable data, the World Bank considers environmental degradation to be so widespread that the ‘business’ of environmental planning and regulation is now seen as a global affair. It currently requires low-income countries receiving its financial assistance to develop National Environmental Action Plans (NEAPs) which, in assembly-line fashion, are being produced according to a blueprint. Taking the West African case study of Côte d'Ivoire, this paper argues that the planning process, specifically the identification of environmental problems, is based on a poor understanding of the nature and direction of environmental change. We confront this data problem by contrasting the image of a deforested savanna landscape found in the Côte d'Ivoire NEAP with the more wooded landscape experienced by farmers and herders and confirmed by our analysis of aerial photographs. Our second objective is to address the policy implications of two geographical issues rising from this paper: the disjointed scale problem between local/regional environmental-change patterns and global environmental discourses, and the human-environmental consequences of ignoring actual versus imagined environmental problems. A third goal is to contribute to the growing convergence in cultural and political ecology around the use of multiple research methods to explain environmental-change dynamics. Our discussion of environmental change is informed by intensive data collection in two rural communities in the Korhogo region of northern Côte d'Ivoire. Research methods included focus-group discussions and household surveys to record local perceptions of environmental change. Aerial photo analysis, GIS mapping, and vegetation transects were used to interpret land-cover changes. Finally, interviews with individuals involved in the NEAP process in the Côte d'Ivoire government, World Bank, and NGOs illuminated the received ideas and institutional interests of various players in environmental planning.
Viral CTL Escape Mutants Are Generated in Lymph Nodes and Subsequently Become Fixed in Plasma and Rectal Mucosa during Acute SIV Infection of Macaques

SIVmac239 infection of rhesus macaques (RMs) results in AIDS despite the generation of a strong antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, possibly due to the emergence of viral escape mutants that prevent recognition of infected cells by CTLs. To determine the anatomic origin of these SIV mutants, we longitudinally assessed the presence of CTL escape variants in two MamuA*01-restricted immunodominant epitopes (Tat-SL8 and Gag-CM9) in the plasma, PBMCs, lymph nodes (LN), and rectal biopsies (RB) of fifteen SIVmac239-infected RMs. As expected, Gag-CM9 did not exhibit signs of escape before day 84 post infection. In contrast, Tat-SL8 escape mutants were apparent in all tissues by day 14 post infection. Interestingly LNs and plasma exhibited the highest level of escape at day 14 and day 28 post infection, respectively, with the rate of escape in the RB remaining lower throughout the acute infection. The possibility that CTL escape occurs in LNs before RBs is confirmed by the observation that the specific mutants found at high frequency in LNs at day 14 post infection became dominant at day 28 post infection in plasma, PBMC, and RB. Finally, the frequency of escape mutants in plasma at day 28 post infection correlated strongly with the level Tat-SL8-specific CD8 T cells in the LN and PBMC at day 14 post infection. These results indicate that LNs represent the primary source of CTL escape mutants during the acute phase of SIVmac239 infection, suggesting that LNs are the main anatomic sites of virus replication and/or the tissues in which CTL pressure is most effective in selecting SIV escape variants.
Water-Wave Diffraction by Thin Porous Breakwater

The linearized theory of water waves is used to study the diffraction of an incident plane wave by a thin porous vertical breakwater of semi-infinite extent. Under the assumption that the wavelength is much greater than the breakwater thickness, the breakwater is replaced by a thin permeable barrier and a suitable boundary condition applied on the barrier. An explicit solution, found by the Wiener-Hopf technique, is presented for the barrier diffraction problem and then easily computable asymptotic forms are derived. Results are presented to illustrate the effects of porosity and variable angle of wave incidence.
Fibronectin inhibits osteoclastogenesis while enhancing osteoclast activity via nitric oxide and interleukin‐1β‐mediated signaling pathways

Osteoclasts are bone‐resorbing cells formed by fusion of mononuclear precursors. The matrix proteins, fibronectin (FN), vitronectin (VN), and osteopontin (OPN) are implicated in joint destruction and interact with osteoclasts mainly through integrins. To assess the effects of these matrix proteins on osteoclast formation and activity, we used RAW 264.7 (RAW) cells and mouse splenocytes differentiated into osteoclasts on tissue culture polystyrene (TCP) or osteologic™ slides pre‐coated with 0.01–20 µg/ml FN, VN, and OPN. At 96 h, osteoclast number and multinucleation were decreased on VN and FN compared to OPN and TCP in both RAW and splenocytes cell cultures. When early differentiation was assessed, VN but not FN decreased cytoplasmic tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase activity and pre‐osteoclast number at 48 h. OPN had the opposite effect to FN on osteoclast formation. When RAW cells were differentiated on OPN and treated by FN and OPN, osteoclast number only in the FN treated group was 40–60% lower than the control, while the total number of nuclei was unchanged, suggesting that FN delays osteoclast fusion. In contrast to its inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis, FN increased resorption by increasing both osteoclast activity and the percentage of resorbing osteoclasts. This was accompanied by an increase in nitric oxide (NO) levels and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). IL‐1β production was inhibited using the NO‐synthase inhibitor only on FN indicating a FN‐specific cross‐talk between NO and IL‐1β signaling pathways. We conclude that FN upregulates osteoclast activity despite inhibiting osteoclast formation and that these effects involve NO and IL‐1β signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1020–1034, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The case for structured random codes in network capacity theorems

Random coding arguments are the backbone of most channel capacity achievability proofs. In this paper, we show that in their standard form, such arguments are insufficient for proving some network capacity theorems: structured coding arguments, such as random linear or lattice codes, attain higher rates. Historically, structured codes have been studied as a stepping stone to practical constructions. However, Korner and Marton demonstrated their usefulness for capacity theorems through the derivation of the optimal rate region of a distributed functional source coding problem. Here, we use multicasting over finite field and Gaussian multiple-access networks as canonical examples to demonstrate that even if we want to send bits over a network, structured codes succeed where simple random codes fail. Beyond network coding, we also consider distributed computation over noisy channels and a special relay-type problem. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geologic and Geodetic Aspects of the December 2004 Great Sumatra-Andaman and 2005 Nias-Simeulue Earthquakes

Geologic data from field observations and satellite imagery analysis contribute a constraint on the “pivot line” between uplift and subsidence of coral reefs, indicating the downdip rupture extent. Geodetic global positioning system (GPS) data contribute vector displacements of points on islands along the archipelago, indicating amount and direction of slip alongstrike of the rupture. Geodetic and geologic data are sensitive not only to rapid coseismic fault movement, but also to slower motion across the plate interface that occurs postseismically. Consequently, the source dimensions and slip pattern estimates based on various geodetic and geologic data differ from purely seismic estimates. A more complete understanding is emerging, based upon joint inversions that use various combinations of all available data, of ways in which sudden slip and gradual afterslip occurred in each of these two major plate boundary ruptures.
Is the PRISMA-France glass half-full or half-empty? The emergence and management of polarized views regarding an integrative change process

Aim The PRISMA-France pilot project is aimed at implementing an innovative case management type integration model in the 20th district of Paris. This paper apprehends the emergence of two polarized views regarding the progression of the model's spread in order to analyze the change management enacted during the process and its effects. Method A qualitative analysis was conducted based on an institutional change model. Results Our results suggest that, according to one view, the path followed to reach the study's current level of progress was efficient and necessary to lay the foundation of a new health and social services system while according to the other, change management shortcomings were responsible for the lack of progress. Discussion While neither of these two views appears entirely justified, analyzing the factors underlying their differences pinpoints some of the challenges involved in managing the spread of an integrated service delivery network. Meticulous preparation for the change management role and communication of the time and effort required for a wholesale institutional change process may be significant factors for a successful integrative endeavor.
Evidence Suggesting that the Cardiomyocyte Circadian Clock Modulates Responsiveness of the Heart to Hypertrophic Stimuli in Mice

Circadian dyssynchrony of an organism (at the whole-body level) with its environment, either through light-dark (LD) cycle or genetic manipulation of clock genes, augments various cardiometabolic diseases. The cardiomyocyte circadian clock has recently been shown to influence multiple myocardial processes, ranging from transcriptional regulation and energy metabolism to contractile function. The authors, therefore, reasoned that chronic dyssychrony of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock with its environment would precipitate myocardial maladaptation to a circadian challenge (simulated shiftwork; SSW). To test this hypothesis, 2- and 20-month-old wild-type and CCM (Cardiomyocyte Clock Mutant; a model with genetic temporal suspension of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock at the active-to-sleep phase transition) mice were subjected to chronic (16-wks) biweekly 12-h phase shifts in the LD cycle (i.e., SSW). Assessment of adaptation/maladaptation at whole-body homeostatic, gravimetric, humoral, histological, transcriptional, and cardiac contractile function levels revealed essentially identical responses between wild-type and CCM littermates. However, CCM hearts exhibited increased biventricular weight, cardiomyocyte size, and molecular markers of hypertrophy (anf, mcip1), independent of aging and/or SSW. Similarly, a second genetic model of selective temporal suspension of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock (Cardiomyocyte-specific BMAL1 Knockout [CBK] mice) exhibits increased biventricular weight and mcip1 expression. Wild-type mice exhibit 5-fold greater cardiac hypertrophic growth (and 6-fold greater anf mRNA induction) when challenged with the hypertrophic agonist isoproterenol at the active-to-sleep phase transition, relative to isoproterenol administration at the sleep-to-active phase transition. This diurnal variation was absent in CCM mice. Collectively, these data suggest that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock likely influences responsiveness of the heart to hypertrophic stimuli. (Author correspondence: meyoung@uab.edu)
Structures within greenschist facies Alpine Schist, central Southern Alps, New Zealand

Abstract Ductile structures in the greenschist facies rocks of the Alpine Schist that lie in the headwaters of the Whataroa, Callery, and Balfour valleys formed during Mesozoic deformation, similar to those in the Otago Schist to the south. A general westward increase in metamorphic grade is locally disrupted and repeated by several late metamorphic faults. The first appearance of biotite occurs at tectonic boundaries in the Callery and Balfour sections. Metagreywackes are juxtaposed against a greenschist‐metapelite‐metachert sequence by a synmetamorphic ductile high strain zone in the lower Balfour valley. A prominent quartz rodding lineation in the high strain zone defines a stretching direction that plunges about 30° southwest. Structures in the high strain zone are locally cut by quartz (±biotite) veins, which have been weakly deformed. Fluid inclusions in quartz veins indicate that the veins formed about 8–10 km deep and that uplift was initially nearly isothermal. Pervasive foliation that formed dur.
A neurobiological role of music in social bonding

Music is regarded in biological terms as originating in the brain, so that most explanations concentrate on the ways in which brains process information. Recent studies of the nonlinear dynamics of the primary sensory cortices have shown that the patterns that are constructed by chaotic nonlinear dynamics in cortical neuropil replace stimulus driven activity. This finding supports the concept that knowledge in brains is entirely constructed within them without direct transfer of information from outside. As knowledge increases by learning, brains of individuals grow progressively apart. The separation results from the uniqueness of the knowledge that is constructed within each brain. The resulting condition of isolation is known among philosophers as epistemological solipsism. This view is reinforced by the tenets of aesthetics, which emphasize the deeply personal experiences of individuals, not as active listeners but as passive recipients of beauty in music and other arts. Neither conventional neuroscience nor aesthetics can explain the deep emotional power of music to move humans to action. An alternative view is presented, in which human brains are seen to have evolved primarily in response to environmental pressures to bridge the solipsistic gulf between individuals, and to form integrated societies. An evolutionary origin is found in the neurohumoral mechanisms of parental bonding to altricial infants. A case is made that music together with dance have co-evolved biologically and culturally to serve as a technology of social bonding. Findings of anthropologists and psychiatrists are reviewed to show
Power analysis attack: an approach based on machine learning

In cryptography, a side-channel attack is any attack based on the analysis of measurements related to the physical implementation of a cryptosystem. Nowadays, the possibility of collecting a large amount of observations paves the way to the adoption of machine learning techniques, i.e., techniques able to extract information and patterns from large datasets. The use of statistical techniques for side-channel attacks is not new. Techniques like the template attack have shown their effectiveness in recent years. However, these techniques rely on parametric assumptions and are often limited to small dimensionality settings, which limit their range of application. This paper explores the use of machine learning techniques to relax such assumptions and to deal with high dimensional feature vectors.
Assessment of future stream flow over the Sesan catchment of the Lower Mekong Basin in Vietnam

This study used a regional climate model, driven at a resolution of 30 km, to derive climate estimates that were used as input to a hydrological model to determine stream flow in a changing climate. This regional climate model output was derived using the Weather Research and Forecasting model, which was used to downscale the general circulation model ECHAM5 T63 under the A2 greenhouse gas emission scenario for the future. Two river basins, Dakbla and Poko, over the Sesan catchment of the Lower Mekong region were considered for runoff modeling. A 10‐year climatology of the recent past, 1991–2000, was used as the baseline for the present‐day climate, and another 10‐year climate over the period 2091–2100 was chosen for the future time slice. The results from the simulation of future stream flow indicate that, over both Dakbla and Poko river basins, the stream flow is likely to increase, especially during the peak rainfall season. The Dakbla River Basin shows a substantial increase in stream flow when compared with the Poko River Basin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lateral Cyclic Loading of Sand-Installed Piles

The present study was conducted to examine the behaviour of instrumented flexible piles in dry sand under lateral cyclic loading using centrifuged models. Considering load service conditions, the influence of the number of cycles of their amplitude and of the soil density on the pile cap displacement and the maximum bending moment of the pile is examined. An empirical law to evaluate pile head displacements at application point is proposed. From the bending moment profile recorded during loading, P-y reaction curves are identified. A reduction coefficient r (P-multiplier) is introduced to quantify the effects of cyclic loads on P-y curves.
Object detection using background context

Detection of objects is in general a computationally demanding task. To simplify the problem it is of interest to utilize contextual information and perform a staggered recognition where context is recognized as a precursor to object detection. In this paper an approach to object detection, using context is presented. The presented methodology is evaluated in the context of a tabletop scenario.
North Ethiopian Afro‐Alpine Tree Line Dynamics and Forest‐Cover Change Since the Early 20th Century

High‐altitude forests are very important for local livelihood in the vulnerable environment of the densely populated tropical highlands. Humans need the ecosystem services of the forest and directly impact the forest through livestock herding, fire, and wood harvesting. Nevertheless, temperature‐sensitive tree lines in the tropics are scarcely investigated in comparison with higher northern latitudes. In this study, the Erica arborea L. tree line is studied in a tropical mountain in the North Ethiopian highlands: Lib Amba of the Abune Yosef Mountain range (12°04′N, 39°22′E, 3993 m asl). The present tree line and forest cover was recorded by high‐resolution satellite imagery from Google Maps and field data (2010–2013), while historical forest cover was studied from aerial photographs (1965–1982) and repeat photography (1917–2013). The aerial and satellite images were orthorectified and classified in forest/non‐forest binary maps. The binary forest layers were used to detect forest‐cover change and tree line dynamics by image differencing between the three time layers (1965–1982–2010). These maps and a terrestrial photograph indicate two periods of deforestation (1917–1965 and 1982–2013), whereas the forest cover was stable between 1965 and 1982. Deforestation was especially severe (with 63%) between 1982 and 2010, associated with a population increase from 77 to 153 inhabitants per square km. There is significant evidence that the elevation of the E. arborea L. tree line increased from 7 to 15 vertical meters between 1965 and 2010, in an area with decreasing anthropozoogenic pressure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.