Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Romantic Relationships and Resilience Among Street-Involved Youth: A Quantitative and Qualitative Exploration

Aims: This study examined romantic relationships among street-involved youth through the perspectives of resilience and developmental relationship theory. The main goal was to determine if romantic relationships were related to resilience among street-involved youth. Methods: Two studies were conducted. A self-report survey administered to125 youth at shelters examined if the positive and negative qualities of romantic relationships were linked to higher and lower resilience (Study 1). Study 1 also provided current descriptive data on the youth’s romantic relationship activities. In Study 2, 21 youth participated in semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis was conducted exploring how the youth understand their romantic relationships as supporting or undermining their resilience. Results: Study 1 found that romantic relationships were linked to resilience. Involvement in survival sex was associated with higher drug use and lower self-esteem. Among youth in a current romantic relationship, physical and sexual dating violence were associated with lower core strengths, and sexual dating violence was associated with self-esteem. Positive relationship qualities were also found to play a role in resilience, with feeling ‘in love’ linked to higher selfesteem. Study 2 indicated that consistent with the social bonding theory, connection, support, validation, and encouragement within a relationship were related to the youth’s resilience, in the form of comparatively lower drug use, achieving goals, increasing self-worth, and promoting positive coping. The youth also reported many negative experiences within their romantic relationships, including dating violence and the stress of street-life, which they saw as undermining their resilience. A key finding was that the youth appeared to have difficulty integrating the positive and negative aspects of their relationships. These results were
Continuous Generalization for Small Mobile Displays

Introduction Visualization of spatial information on small displays is vital for several new emerging applications, notably location based services and car navigation systems. Typically, these applications have to rely on small mobile devices, that have a small display on the one hand, and also limited storage and computing capability on the other hand. In order to communicate spatial information in both overview and detail, the system has to dispose of the possibility of flexibly zooming in and out. This requires that different levels of detail (LOD) are available and can be presented adequately. There are several approaches available in order to provide multiple levels of detail: most of them rely on pre-generalized representations, possibly stored in a multiple resolution data base (MRDB). Also, there are attempts for implementing real-time functionality using web-technology [Sarjakoski et al. 2002]. All of these approaches are based on well-known generalization functions, e.g. simplification, elimination, or aggregation. Most of these operations are discrete in nature, leading to discrete changes in the representation of spatial objects. Typically, they are pre-computed for certain fixed scales so that when a certain scale is requested by a display device, the appropriate data base is selected and displayed. However, this leads to the well-known popping effects encountered when switching between two LOD’s while continuously zooming in or out. In order to reduce or eliminate these effects, we are aiming at a continuous generalization – comparable to Hoppe’s approach of progressive meshes for the simplification of general triangulated surfaces [Hoppe 96]. This involves to represent cartographic objects in terms of their most simple geometry plus a sequence of elementary operations transforming them into the most detailed geometry available. This allows a client not only to decide which number of elementary operations to apply, but also fits nicely into a streaming concept which enables a server to successively improve the display quality on a client through a limited bandwidth channel. In this paper, this approach is exemplified with a specific simplification operation, namely the simplification of building ground plans.
Gender Quotas and Upward Mobility in Elections in Taiwan

ABSTRACT There are concerns that gender quotas may raise the numbers of women elected to office without a commensurate increase in power. This article shows that gender quotas have not had such an effect in Taiwan by examining upward mobility. Women elected to local councils with the aid of gender quotas have not been less successful at moving up to higher offices with no gender quotas. Critically, Taiwan’s quota system forces all candidates, including women, to face intense electoral competition and build up power resources. In short, Taiwan’s quota system in local council elections fills the pipeline with women capable of challenging for higher office. Quotas thus play a critical role in promoting sustainable female representation in Taiwan.
6., 7. ve 8. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Okuma Kaygılarının Türkçe Dersine İlişkin Tutumları Üzerindeki Etkisinde Sınıf Düzeyinin ve Cinsiyetin Rolü

Bu arastirmada, yapisal esitlik modellemesi yoluyla ortaokul 6. , 7. ve 8. sinif ogrencilerinin okuma kaygilarinin, Turkce dersine iliskin tutumlari uzerindeki etkisinde sinif ve cinsiyet degiskenlerinin rolunun incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Iliskisel tarama modeliyle gerceklestirilen arastirmada, basit seckisiz ornekleme yoluyla olusturulan calisma grubu; 6, 7 ve 8. sinifta ogrenim goren 409 ogrenciden olusmaktadir. Verilerinin toplanmasinda Melanlioglu (2014) tarafindan gelistirilen “Okuma Kaygisi Olcegi” ile Unal ve Kose (2014) tarafindan gelistirilen “Turkce Dersine Yonelik Tutum Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Veriler yapisal esitlik modellemesiyle cozumlenmis olup, verilerin analizinde SPSS 23 ve AMOS 22.0 yazilimlari kullanilmistir. Arastirmada betimleyici istatistikler ve demografik degiskenler icin merkezi egilim ve dagilim olcutleri (frekans, yuzde, ortalama, basiklik ve carpiklik) hesaplanmistir. Katilimcilarin okuma kaygilarinin, Turkce dersine iliskin tutum uzerindeki etkisinde sinif ve cinsiyetin rolunun incelenmesine dair olusturulan modellere iliskin parametrelerin tahmininde maksimum olabilirlik (Maximum Likehood) yontemi tercih edilmistir. Analizler sonucunda uyum iyiligi degerlerinin incelenmesinde χ 2 /df, CFI, GFI, TLI, NFI, IFI, RMSEA ve SRMR uyum indeksleri kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda hipotez modellerin gecerli oldugu; okuma kaygisinin, Turkce dersine iliskin tutumun %5’ini acikladigi tespit edilmistir. Bunun yani sira okuma kaygisinin, Turkce dersine iliskin tutumun 6, 7, ve 8. sinifta sirasiyla %5, %4, %3’unu aciklarken erkek ogrencilere iliskin olusturulan modelde %9, kiz ogrencilere iliskin olusturulan modelde %5’ini acikladigi belirlenmistir.
Factors Influencing Academic Performance of Hearing Impaired Students In Inclusive Education: A case of Moshi Technical Secondary School

This study sought to investigate factors influencing academic performance of hearing impaired students in inclusive education: a case of Moshi Technical secondary school. This study used case study research design to conduct investigation. It utilized purposive sampling technique to obtain sample from hearing impaired students, ordinary students who study in inclusive classes, teachers who teach in inclusive classes, the head of the school and the academic master. Data were collected by using interviews, Focused Group Discussions and classroom observations. Data collected were analyzed by using descriptive thematic analysis framework. The findings revealed that inclusive teaching and learning environment for hearing impaired students was not friendly due to shortage of specially trained teachers for hearing impaired students, lack of sign language skills to teachers who teach in inclusive classes, as well as shortage of teaching and learning facilities. The findings further revealed that teachers were not comfortable to teach in inclusive classes due to inability to use sign language in teaching and learning processes. Basing on the findings, the study recommended that the government should employ and post more specially trained teachers for the hearing impaired students as well as supplying enough teaching and learning materials to the school to enable hearing impaired students to learn effectively and comfortably. The study also recommended that further study to be done in a wider context on factors influencing academic performance of hearing impaired students in Tanzania.
Space‐time correlation of slip and tremor during the 2009 Cascadia slow slip event

Episodic Tremor and Slip (ETS), involving transient deformations accompanied by emergent, low‐frequency tremor occurs in subduction zones around the world. ETS events increase the shear stress on locked megathrusts and may potentially trigger damaging earthquakes. Despite the clear association of tremor and slip the physical relationship between them is unresolved. Tremor appears to result from slip on small asperities on the plate interface due to either creep on the surrounding fault, or stress increases ahead of the propagating slow‐slip front. Previous studies of migrating slow slip events have not had sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to differentiate between these two models. To address this, we invert GPS data from the August 2009 ETS event in central Cascadia for the space‐time evolution of fault slip‐rate. We find a correlation in both space and time between tremor epicenters and the independently determined position of high fault slip‐rate. This supports the first hypothesis that tremor asperities are loaded directly by slow slip, rather than by stress increases ahead of the slip front, and provides new insights into the mechanics of ETS.
Despair Will Hold You Prisoner, Hope Will Set You Free: Hope and Meaning Among Released Prisoners

The current study examines the self-image and worldviews of 10 released prisoners in Israel through narrative analysis of their life stories, including past and present periods in their lives and future aspirations. The findings reveal a chaotic past perceived as lacking meaning, hope, and clear boundaries while being devoid of choice. Prison is considered a turning point, and attitudes after release change toward choice, life meaning, and a hopeful future. The discussion addresses these themes, and the important variables of hope and life meaning in generating changed goals and rehabilitation.
Ectopic Expression of the Wild Grape WRKY Transcription Factor VqWRKY52 in Arabidopsis thaliana Enhances Resistance to the Biotrophic Pathogen Powdery Mildew But Not to the Necrotrophic Pathogen Botrytis cinerea

WRKY transcription factors are known to play important roles in plant responses to biotic stresses. We previously showed that the expression of the WRKY gene, VqWRKY52, from Chinese wild Vitis quinquangularis was strongly induced 24 h post inoculation with powdery mildew. In this study, we analyzed the expression levels of VqWRKY52 following treatment with the defense related hormones salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate, revealing that VqWRKY52 was strongly induced by SA but not JA. We characterized the VqWRKY52 gene, which encodes a WRKY III gene family member, and found that ectopic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced resistance to powdery mildew and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, but increased susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea, compared with wild type (WT) plants. The transgenic A. thaliana lines displayed strong cell death induced by the biotrophic powdery mildew pathogen, the hemibiotrophic P. syringe pathogen and the necrotrophic pathogen B. cinerea. In addition, the relative expression levels of various defense-related genes were compared between the transgenic A. thaliana lines and WT plants following the infection by different pathogens. Collectively, the results indicated that VqWRKY52 plays essential roles in the SA dependent signal transduction pathway and that it can enhance the hypersensitive response cell death triggered by microbial pathogens.
“Putting gender on the table”: Understanding reactions to women who discuss gender inequality

Even though gender inequality remains an important challenge across societies, many believe it to be long gone (Marken, 2016). Thus, it is essential to publicly address issues related to gender inequality as a first step towards advancing change in this domain. However, those who address gender inequality may encounter personal costs. In the current research, we examined reactions to women who “put gender on the table. ” In Study 1 (N = 202), men who were exposed to a woman who raised the issue of gender inequality (vs. age inequality or a neutral topic), had more negative attitudes towards both her and gender equality. In Study 2, (N = 233), women high on feminist identification were more positive toward a woman who discussed gender inequality (vs. other topics), whereas women low on feminist identification were more negative toward both her and the issue. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
USING FLIGHT MANUAL DATA TO DERIVE AERO-PROPULSIVE MODELS FOR PREDICTING AIRCRAFT TRAJECTORIES

The Center/TRACON Automaton System (CTAS) is a set of air traffic management tools developed by NASA in conjunction with the FAA. As part of its functionality, CTAS predicts aircraft flight trajectories using aeropropulsive models and the kinetic equations of motion for various flight conditions including climbs. Precise aeropropulsive models for all aircraft types are not yet available to NASA researchers. In an effort to improve climb trajectory prediction of jet aircraft for which CTAS does not have a precise aero-propulsive model, a technique was developed to derive an aero-propulsive model from readily available time-to-climb data found in flight manuals. A case study was performed on a Boeing 737-400, for which time-to-climb data and aero-propulsive model data were known. A new aero-propulsive model, identified by three aerodynamic and one propulsive parameter, was derived from the time-to-climb data. The results showed it was possible to derive an aero-propulsive model for an aircraft type that will allow CTAS to compute time-to-climb for a range of climb speeds that agree closely with known data. This technique was then applied to a Learjet 60, an aircraft type for which a precise aero-propulsive model is not available. A comparison of top-of-climb predictions made with a derived aero-propulsive model and actual top-ofclimb from Learjet 60 radar track data reveal close agreement.
Joint Write-Once-Memory and Error-Control Codes

Write-Once-Memory (WOM) is a model for many modern non-volatile memories, such as flash memories. Recently, several capacity-achieving WOM coding schemes have been proposed based on polar coding. Due to the fact that practical computer memory systems always contain noises, a nature question to ask next is how may we generalize these coding schemes, such that they may also have the error-control capabilities. In this paper, we discuss a joint WOM and error-control coding scheme, which is a generalization of the capacity-achieving WOM codes based on source polarization in ma15. In this paper, we prove a sufficient and necessary condition for the noisy reading channel being less noisy than the test channel in data encoding in the polar WOM coding. Such a sufficient and necessary condition is usually satisfied in reality. As a consequence of the sufficient and necessary condition, the high entropy set related to the noisy channel is usually strictly contained in the high entropy set related to the test channel in data encoding. Therefore the low-complexity polar joint WOM and error-control codes are sufficient for most practical coding scenarios.
LEARNING DYNAMICS AND ENDOGENOUS CURRENCY CRISES

This paper introduces adaptive learning into the third-generation currency crisis model of Aghion, Bacchetta, and Banerjee (2001, Currency crises and monetary policy in an economy with credit constraints, European Economic Review 45, 1121–1150). Adaptive learning might reflect, for example, uncertainty about the economy's exposure to adverse balance sheet effects. Even when equilibrium is unique, we show that the learning algorithm's escape dynamics can produce the same kind of Markov-switching exchange rate behavior that is typically attributed to sunspots or herds. An advantage of our learning model is that currency crises become endogenous, in the sense that their stochastic properties can be related to assumptions about learning and other structural features of the economy.
Diversity for Whom? Gentrification, Demographic Change, and the Politics of School Integration

Gentrification and the displacement of low-income residents of color from neighborhoods where they have long resided has accelerated over the last 20 years. In some cities, this process has begun to impact school demographics. Although research shows that school districts experiencing gentrification are responding in ways that fuel segregation and inequality, in some contexts gentrification is viewed by administrators as an opportunity to seek racial and economic integration. In our exploratory comparative case study, we examined districts in gentrifying cities pursuing integration in the face of rapid gentrification. Our critical policy analysis illustrates how district leaders’ diversity efforts can be overshadowed by their desire to appease and attract gentrifying families. Although districts are maintaining or increasing diversity in gentrifying contexts, our study raises broader equity questions that call for further inquiry of within-district equity and the displacement of students.
Animals models for studying diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus is a potentially morbid condition with high prevalence worldwide thus the disease constitutes a major health concern. Presently, it is an incurable metabolic disorder which affects about 2.8% of the global population. The search for compounds with novel properties to deal with the disease condition is still in progress. This makes the use of experimental models for the disease imperative. The current review has attempted to bring together all the reported models, highlighted their short comings and drew the precautions required for each technique. It was noted that, although chemical induction of diabetes mellitus with streptozotocin was the most widely used procedure, alloxan induced – diabetes model was the best known drug induced diabetes. Genetic and surgical models were rarely used because they required highly technical skills and the percentage of animals lost during the procedures were higher. From the review it was concluded that, chemical induction with alloxan appears to be the easiest, reliable and the most practicable method of inducing diabetes mellitus in rodents.
Criminal Desistance Narratives of Young People in the West of Scotland: Understanding Spirituality and Criminogenic Constraints

In our qualitative study of urban youth living in the West of Scotland, we argue that religion and spirituality give personal sustenance and hope from which a process of desistance can emerge. Religious worship offers a ‘site’ for undermining reoffending through the availability and adoption of socially supportive bonds. Desistance can occur through the development of different bonds and the recognition of transcendental authority. The results endorse the protective role of spirituality in desistance in relation to disadvantaged young people whose lives have been impacted by crime.
Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors Among Men Who Are Victims, Perpetrators, or Both Victims and Perpetrators of Adult Sexual Assault

Objective: Criminologists consistently find a correlation between criminal victimization and criminal offending across a variety of populations and types of crime; however, research on the relationship between adolescent and adult sexual assault (ASA) perpetration and ASA victimization is limited. Comparing the sexual attitudes of men who are both victims and perpetrators of ASA, men who are victims only, men who are perpetrators only, and men who are neither victims nor perpetrators may highlight unique sexual attitudes that create a dual vulnerability to ASA perpetration and victimization. Method: A convenience sample of community men (N = 268) completed an online survey and reported on their ASA perpetration and victimization history and their experiences of child sexual abuse. They also completed measures of traumatic sexual beliefs, dysfunctional sexual behaviors, sexual avoidance, sexual preoccupation, and distorted sexual self-concept. Results: Results revealed a statistically significant overlap between men’s perpetration and victimization of ASA. Compared with victims-only, perpetrators-only, and men with no ASA history, men with a history of both perpetration and victimization reported the highest rates of childhood sexual abuse and the highest levels of distorted sexual self-concept. Conclusions: Targeting men’s sexual self-concept may be an effective way to reduce their risk of both ASA victimization and ASA perpetration.
Mucosal immunization of calves with recombinant bovine adenovirus-3: induction of protective immunity to bovine herpesvirus-1.

To determine the potential of replication-competent (E3-deleted) bovine adenovirus-3 (BAV-3) as a delivery system for vaccine antigens in calves, we evaluated the ability of recombinant BAV-3 expressing different forms of of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein gD to protect against BHV-1 infection in calves that had pre-existing BAV-3 specific antibodies. Three- to four-month-old calves, vaccinated intranasally with recombinant BAV-3 expressing full-length gD (BAV3.E3gD) or a truncated version of gD (gDt) (BAV3.E3gDt), or with E3-deleted BAV-3 (BAV3.E3d; control), were challenged with BHV-1 strain 108. Vaccination with BAV3.E3gD or BAV3.E3gDt induced gD-specific antibody responses in serum and nasal secretions, and primed calves for gD-specific lymphoproliferative responses. In addition, all calves developed complement-independent neutralizing antibodies against BHV-1. Protection against viral challenge was observed in calves vaccinated with recombinant BAV3.E3gD or BAV3.E3gDt as shown by a significant reduction in body temperature and clinical disease, and a partial reduction in the amount and duration of virus excretion in nasal secretions. These results indicate that replication-competent BAV-3-based vectors can induce protective immune responses in calves (the natural host) that have pre-existing BAV-3-specific antibodies.
Inflammatory mechanisms in the lung

Inflammation is the body’s response to insults, which include infection, trauma, and hypersensitivity. The inflammatory response is complex and involves a variety of mechanisms to defend against pathogens and repair tissue. In the lung, inflammation is usually caused by pathogens or by exposure to toxins, pollutants, irritants, and allergens. During inflammation, numerous types of inflammatory cells are activated. Each releases cytokines and mediators to modify activities of other inflammatory cells. Orchestration of these cells and molecules leads to progression of inflammation. Clinically, acute inflammation is seen in pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), whereas chronic inflammation is represented by asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Because the lung is a vital organ for gas exchange, excessive inflammation can be life threatening. Because the lung is constantly exposed to harmful pathogens, an immediate and intense defense action (mainly inflammation) is required to eliminate the invaders as early as possible. A delicate balance between inflammation and anti-inflammation is essential for lung homeostasis. A full understanding of the underlying mechanisms is vital in the treatment of patients with lung inflammation. This review focuses on cellular and molecular aspects of lung inflammation during acute and chronic inflammatory states.