Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimum Feeding Nutrient Solution Concentration for Greenhouse Potted Miniature Rose Production in a Recirculating Subirrigation System

To determine the optimum feeding nutrient solution concentrations for the production of potted miniature roses (Rosa chineersis minima 'Fall Festival') under recirculating subirrigation conditions, plants were grown under four different nutrient solution concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the full strength with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.756 dSm -1 ). Nutrient solution concentrations affected the stem, root, and plant total dry weight and flower and branch number. Under the 75% strength nutrient solution, these growth parameters were equal to or better than the 100% strength solution. No difference was detected in the chlorophyll content of leaves from plants that received the 50%, 75%, and 100% strength solutions during the experiment but at Day 35; only the 25% treatment had significantly lower leaf chlorophyll content than the other treatments. There were no treatment effects on the measured total foliar nutrient contents (except potassium (K)) of plants under the 75% strength solution compared with those under the 100% treatment, but nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and/ or iron (Fe) of plants under the 25% strength solutions were below that of the acceptable range. Interveinal chlorosis and/or reddish leaves and branches were also apparent in plants under the 25% and 50% strength solutions. It is suspected that these are symptoms of N, P, and Fe deficiencies caused by the reduced nutrient solution concentrations and increased pH of the growing substrate. There were significant depletions of N and P nutrients in the 25% and 50% strength solutions at the end of the experiment, which was consistent with visual symptoms and deficiencies. Nutrient salts accumulated in the top section of the growing substrate under all treatments, but no phytotoxic effects were observed. The EC values for the top third of the growing substrate were much higher than those of the bottom two-thirds. EC for the top layer of the 100% treatment exhibited a fourfold increase compared with the bottom layer of that treatment. The NO3 - ,K , magnesium, and calcium for the top layer of the 100% treatment were 235%, 149%, 287%, and 245%, respectively, higher compared with the bottom layer of the 100% treatment. It was concluded that the nutrient solution concentrations typically used for potted miniature rose production in most of the Canadian greenhouses under recirculat- ing subirrigation conditions can be safely reduced to 75% and produce better plants.
Genotypes Associated with Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Displaying Impaired or Enhanced Tolerances to Cold, Salt, Acid, or Desiccation Stress

The human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is a large concern in the food industry where its continuous detection in food products has caused a string of recalls in North America and Europe. Most recognized for its ability to grow in foods during refrigerated storage, L. monocytogenes can also tolerate several other food-related stresses with some strains possessing higher levels of tolerances than others. The objective of this study was to use a combination of phenotypic analyses and whole genome sequencing to elucidate potential relationships between L. monocytogenes genotypes and food-related stress tolerance phenotypes. To accomplish this, 166 L. monocytogenes isolates were sequenced and evaluated for their ability to grow in cold (4°C), salt (6% NaCl, 25°C), and acid (pH 5, 25°C) stress conditions as well as survive desiccation (33% RH, 20°C). The results revealed that the stress tolerance of L. monocytogenes is associated with serotype, clonal complex (CC), full length inlA profiles, and the presence of a plasmid which was identified in 55% of isolates. Isolates with full length inlA exhibited significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced cold tolerance relative to those harboring a premature stop codon (PMSC) in this gene. Similarly, isolates possessing a plasmid demonstrated significantly (p = 0.013) enhanced acid tolerance. We also identified nine new L. monocytogenes sequence types, a new inlA PMSC, and several connections between CCs and the presence/absence or variations of specific genetic elements. A whole genome single-nucleotide-variants phylogeny revealed sporadic distribution of tolerant isolates and closely related sensitive and tolerant isolates, highlighting that minor genetic differences can influence the stress tolerance of L. monocytogenes. Specifically, a number of cold and desiccation sensitive isolates contained PMSCs in σB regulator genes (rsbS, rsbU, rsbV). Collectively, the results suggest that knowing the sequence type of an isolate in addition to screening for the presence of full-length inlA and a plasmid, could help food processors and food agency investigators determine why certain isolates might be persisting in a food processing environment. Additionally, increased sequencing of L. monocytogenes isolates in combination with stress tolerance profiling, will enhance the ability to identify genetic elements associated with higher risk strains.
Ophthalmological factors influencing visual asthenopia as a result of viewing 3D displays

Aims To identify ophthalmological factors influencing asthenopia as a result of viewing three-dimensional (3D) displays. Methods Thirty adult subjects without ophthalmological abnormality watched the same 3D displays for 30 min. Each subject's near point of accommodation (NPA) and convergence (NPC), amplitude of fusional convergence and divergence, stereopsis, tear break-up time and temperature of ocular surface, and angle of phoric deviation were measured before and after viewing the 3D displays. In addition, a survey for subjective symptoms was conducted immediately following the viewing of the 3D displays. The above mentioned experiments were performed equally with two-dimensional (2D) displays in the same 30 subjects for detection of innate influence of 3D displays. Results The NPA and NPC in the subjects were significantly altered after watching the 3D displays (p<0.05) as compared with 2D displays. In addition, all of the 10 subjective symptoms measured were significantly increased after watching 3D displays (p<0.05). Conclusions Accommodation and binocular vergence are predominant ophthalmological factors that may influence asthenopia significantly following the viewing of 3D displays. Subjective visual discomfort also significantly increased following the viewing of 3D displays. And there is the need for more detailed evaluation for detecting the practically related factors with asthenopia.
Coupled TLC and MALDI-TOF/MS Analyses of the Lipid Extract of the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus

The lipidome of the marine hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus was studied by means of combined thin-layer chromatography and MALDI-TOF/MS analyses of the total lipid extract. 80–90% of the major polar lipids were represented by archaeol lipids (diethers) and the remaining part by caldarchaeol lipids (tetraethers). The direct analysis of lipids on chromatography plate showed the presence of the diphytanylglycerol analogues of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol, the N-acetylglucosamine-diphytanylglycerol phosphate plus some caldarchaeol lipids different from those previously described. In addition, evidence for the presence of the dimeric ether lipid cardiolipin is reported, suggesting that cardiolipins are ubiquitous in archaea.
β-Barrel Proteins That Reside in the Escherichia coli Outer Membrane in Vivo Demonstrate Varied Folding Behavior in Vitro*

Little is known about the dynamic process of membrane protein folding, and few models exist to explore it. In this study we doubled the number of Escherichia coli outer membrane proteins (OMPs) for which folding into lipid bilayers has been systematically investigated. We cloned, expressed, and folded nine OMPs: outer membrane protein X (OmpX), OmpW, OmpA, the crcA gene product (PagP), OmpT, outer membrane phospholipase A (OmpLa), the fadl gene product (FadL), the yaet gene product (Omp85), and OmpF. These proteins fold into the same bilayer in vivo and share a transmembrane β-barrel motif but vary in sequence and barrel size. We quantified the ability of these OMPs to fold into a matrix of bilayer environments. Several trends emerged from these experiments: higher pH values, thinner bilayers, and increased bilayer curvature promote folding of all OMPs. Increasing the incubation temperature promoted folding of several OMPs but inhibited folding of others. We discovered that OMPs do not have the same ability to fold into any single bilayer environment. This suggests that although environmental factors influence folding, OMPs also have intrinsic qualities that profoundly modulate their folding. To rationalize the differences in folding efficiency, we performed kinetic and thermal denaturation experiments, the results of which demonstrated that OMPs employ different strategies to achieve the observed folding efficiency.
Minimum Message Length and Kolmogorov Complexity

The notion of algorithmic complexity was developed by Kolmogorov (1965) and Chaitin (1966) independently of one another and of Solomonoff’s notion (1964) of algorithmic probability. Given a Turing machine T , the (prefix) algorithmic complexity of a string S is the length of the shortest input to T which would cause T to output S and stop. The Solomonoff probability of S given T is the probability that a random binary string of 0s and 1s will result in T producing an output having S as a prefix. We attempt to establish a parallel between a restricted (two-part) version of the Kolmogorov model and the minimum message length approach to statistical inference and machine learning of Wallace and Boulton (1968), in which an ‘explanation’ of a data string is modelled as a two-part message, the first part stating a general hypothesis about the data and the second encoding details of the data not implied by the hypothesis. Solomonoff’s model is tailored to prediction rather than inference in that it considers not just the most likely explanation, but it also gives weights to all explanations depending upon their posterior probability. However, as the amount of data increases, we typically expect the most likely explanation to have a dominant weighting in the prediction.
Direct spectrometric determination of the concentrations of (unconjugated) bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin in serum.

On the basis of absorption data of most light-absorbing components in serum, including separate molar absorption curves for (unconjugated) bilirubin (UB) and conjugated bilirubin (CB), formulas are constructed for direct spectrometric determination of the substance concentration (c) of UB and CB in adult serum (aS) and infant serum (iS), respectively. One hundred formulas using different number and position of wavelengths were tested by inserting spectrometric data for UB, CB, oxyhemoglobin, methemalbumin, transferrin, and turbid components. The best formulas were evaluated on different groups of sera, and, finally, an empirical adjustment was made on two of the formulas. When c(UB + CB) is more than 20 μmol/1, the standard deviation of the between-series disturbance for c(aS-CB) was 0.1 times c(UB + CB). This is about four times larger than for c(UB + CB) because the moderate difference between the ϵ-curves for UB and CB, compared to the ϵ-curve differences bilirubin - hemoglobin and bilirubin - turbid c.
Corpus-based analysis of academic RA genre: The &#x201C;results&#x201D; sub-genre

Research Article (RA) is the kind of academic publication that all researchers must produce constantly but not necessarily have learned systematically in their university education. RA consists of multiple parts as typically summarized to be IMRAD (Introduction, Method, Result and Discussion) which is a considered to be one of the academic genres. Each of the multiple parts of the RA genre is comprised of one or more sub-genres, which makes the RA genre complex and challenging, especially for novice EST (English for Science and Technology) researchers. As an effort to decode the RA genre in order to help the novice EST researchers, the researchers of this study analyze the sub-genre of &#x201C;Results&#x201D; using corpus-based approach, after they analyzed the Abstract, Introduction and Method sub-genres in previous studies. The purpose of this study is threefold: to determine the linguistic features of the common moves (structure) in the &#x201C;Results&#x201D; sub-genre of RA using corpus analysis, to compare the linguistic features of &#x201C;Results&#x201D; with those of the whole RA, &#x201C;Introduction&#x201D;, and &#x201C;Method&#x201D;.
Immunopathogenesis of Hepatitis B Virus

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health issue. There are >250 million people chronically infected with HBV, and these chronic carriers are at high risk of developing end-stage liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) usually acquire the virus perinatally, while most patients infected during adulthood develop acute hepatitis B (AHB), which usually results in viral clearance. HBV infection is noncytopathic, and liver injury is mostly contributed by host immune responses. The virus is stealthy, since the infection rarely induces type I interferon response in the early phase. In AHB, viral infection is detected and restrained by the innate immune response, which is followed by a strong and robust adaptive immune response and accompanied by viral clearance. In patients with CHB, both innate and adaptive immune responses are weak and thus rarely lead to viral clearance. Interferon α and nucleos(t)ide analogues are 2 classes of approved antiviral therapies. The former treatment activates nature killer (NK) cells and NK T cells, which partially enhances the innate immune response, while the later treatment suppresses viral replication by inhibiting reverse transcriptase, which may restore the HBV-specific adaptive immune response. However, single or combined treatment are still far from achieving seroclearance of HBV surface antigen. Although the treatment response is unsatisfactory in current clinical trials using several immunomodulators for boosting antiviral immunity, immunotherapy that is able to induce immune surveillance is still the most promising modality for HBV cure in the future.
The School Professionals' Role in Identification of Youth at Risk of Suicide.

The school professional is in a unique position to play a strategic role in the early identification and prevention of youth suicide. The current study assessed North Queensland teachers’ knowledge on youth suicide. The sample comprised 201 secondary school teachers. A survey research design was used and data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Teachers scored, on average, 69% of the knowledge statements correct; however only 15% correctly recognized a high-risk situation. There was substantial variability in the accuracy of knowledge on youth suicide with some teachers maintaining high levels of knowledge, and others having very little accurate information. Findings highlight the need for youth suicide education for teachers in order to fulfil this ‘gatekeeper’ role in dealing with suicidal student.
Minimax Rates in Permutation Estimation for Feature Matching

The problem of matching two sets of features appears in various tasks of computer vision and can be often formalized as a problem of permutation estimation. We address this problem from a statistical point of view and provide a theoretical analysis of the accuracy of several natural estimators. To this end, the minimax rate of separation is investigated and its expression is obtained as a function of the sample size, noise level and dimension of the features. We consider the cases of homoscedastic and heteroscedastic noise and establish, in each case, tight upper bounds on the separation distance of several estimators. These upper bounds are shown to be unimprovable both in the homoscedastic and heteroscedastic settings. Interestingly, these bounds demonstrate that a phase transition occurs when the dimension d of the features is of the order of the logarithm of the number of features n. For d = O(log n), the rate is dimension free and equals σ(log n)1/2, where σ is the noise level. In contrast, when d is larger than c log n for some constant c < 0, the minimax rate increases with d and is of the order of σ(d log n)1/4. We also discuss the computational aspects of the estimators and provide empirical evidence of their consistency on synthetic data. Finally, we show that our results extend to more general matching criteria.
Repression and dissociation : implications for personality theory, psychopathology and health

Foreword Mardi J. Horowitz Preface Jerome L. Singer Acknowledgments 1: Repression, Reconstruction, and Defense: History and Integration of the Psychoanalytic and Experimental Frameworks Matthew Hugh Erdelyi 2: Defense in Psychoanalytic Theory: Computation or Fantasy? Marshall Edelson 3: A Classification Theory of Defense Mardi J. Horowitz, Henry C. Markman, Charles H. Stinson, Bram Fridhandler, Jess H. Ghannam. 4: The Evidence for Repression: An Examination of Sixty Years of Research David S. Holmes 5: Subliminal Perception and Repression Howard Shevrin 6: Hypnosis, Dissociation, and Trauma: Hidden and Overt Observers David Spiegel 7: Unconscious Influences and Hypnosis Kenneth S. Bowers 8: Repression, Dissociation, and Hypnosis John F. Kihlstrom, Irene P. Hoyt. 9: Awareness, the Unconscious, and Repression: An Experimental Psychologist's Perspective Gordon H. Bower 10: Shame, Repression, Field Dependence, and Psychopathology Helen Block Lewis 11: Repression in College Men Followed for Half a Century George E. Vaillant 12: Repressive Style and Relationship Patterns - Three Samples Inspected Lester Luborsky, Paul Crits-Christoph, Keith J. Alexander. 13: Interpersonal Relatedness and Self-Definition: Two Personality Configurations and Their Implications for Psychopathology and Psychotherapy Sidney J. Blatt 14: The Construct Validity of the Repressive Coping Style Daniel A. Weinberger 15: Repression and the Inaccessibility of Emotional Memories Penelope J. Davis 16: Psychobiology of Repression and Health: A Systems Approach Gary E. Schwartz 17: Repressive Personality Style: Theoretical and Methodological Implications for Health and Pathology George A. Bonanno, Jerome L. Singer. 18: Summary: Beyond Repression and the Defenses Jerome L. Singer, Julie B. Sincoff. Index
Spatial Interactions between the Settlement Network, Natural Landscape and Zones of Economic Activities: A Case Study in a Greek Region

The structure of a settlement network has been influenced historically by physical, geographical and socioeconomic factors. Theories of spatial development have focused on the interaction between urban areas and socioeconomic processes considering the natural surroundings as a steady parameter rather than a potentially varying element contributing to spatial development. Over the past 25 years in Greece, a number of socio-economic factors along with improvements in transport infrastructure led to crucial changes in the traditional settlement system. The development of new economic activities was often associated with the special characteristics of the natural landscape. In this way, natural landscape as a dynamic element interacts with the built environment and the economic activities of a place, leading to the formation of new clusters of relationships. Using the case study of the Region of Western Macedonia, a mountainous, border zone Greek region, and based on an interactive framework of analysis whereby human and natural systems are considered strongly interconnected, this paper examines the spatial interactions between the settlement network, as the basic representation of human activity, the natural landscape, as a crucial element of the natural system, and the dynamic zones of economic activities, as a parameter that encompasses crucial attributes of both human and natural systems. The paper proposes that the heterogeneity of these interactions and the way they affect the thresholds and resilience of a specific place are important for the understanding of spatial change and for an integrated spatial planning for sustainable development.
Manage People, Not Personnel: Motivation and Performance Appraisal

Anyone who has supervised people knows that motivating employees and evaluating their performance can be frustrating and difficult. This book is designed to help managers carry out these tasks. The essays, which originally appeared in the Harvard Business Review, feature the best thinking available from leading practitioners and researchers about what works and what doesn't in getting top performance from employees. The book includes many of the classic works on employee motivation and performance appraisal by such prominent people as Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Harry Levinson and Frederick Herzberg. Manage People, Not Personnel will be of interest to employers in large and small firms, human resource managers, and others who look to the Harvard Business Review for the best in practitioner-oriented articles in business management.
Patellar Tendinopathy

Background: Calcific deposits (CaDs) may be related to chronic postoperative pain and may affect function after patellar tendon surgery. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that patients with CaDs (+CaDs) would rate lower than those without (−CaDs) on measures of knee function and quality of life. Methods: Patients completed the Tegner Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (Lysholm), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC), and the Tegner Activity Level Scale. Sixteen postsurgical and 16 age-matched controls were tested. Patients +CaDs were 5.6 years older than those patients −CaDs and had 4.2 years of longer elapse since surgery. Bilateral patellar tendons were examined for CaDs with musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine if differences existed among patients +CaDs and −CaDs and healthy controls. Hierarchical logistic regressions were used to determine which variables best predicted the presence of CaDs. Results: CaDs were found in 44% (7 of 16) of postsurgical patients, who scored lower than controls on all dimensions of the Lysholm, KOOS, and IKDC. Patients +CaD had lower KOOS scores than controls (symptoms, activities of daily living, and quality of life). Age and time since surgery were both moderately related to the presence of CaDs, and both correctly predicted 71% of patients +CaDs. Conclusion: Calcific deposits were found in the patellar tendon of 44% of postsurgical patients, who rated themselves lower on all subjective measures of knee function and quality of life following surgery. Age is an important factor for developing CaDs postsurgery. Clinical Relevance: Calcific deposits may be present in patellar tendons following surgery, but their direct role in functional or clinical limitations remains unknown.