Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Work attitudes and employee absenteeism: A synthesis of the literature*

Three meta-analyses of the relationship of employee absenteeism to job satisfaction have appeared in the literature (cf. Hackett & Guion, 1985; McShane, 1984; Scott & Taylor, 1985). While the size of the parameter estimates was similar across the three reviews, different interpretations were offered. Moreover, agreement was lacking over the status and impact of moderators. This paper summarizes and compares the results of these three separate reviews. Some refined analyses of the comprehensive data set showed that the strongest relationships were between absence frequency and work satisfaction (p = −0.21), and absence duration and overall job satisfaction (p = −0.23). Sex was identified as a strong and consistent moderator. A synthesis of these findings is offered.
Research Matters: A Call for the Application of Empirical Evidence to the Task of Improving the Quality and Impact of Environmental Education.

Abstract This paper argues for an increase in the application of empirical evidence to the task of improving the quality and impact of environmental education. Whilst the global scene in environmental education appears to portray optimism and great endeavour, there remain key issues to resolve. Such issues include the apparent lack of impact of formal educational programmes on individual's environmental awareness and concern. The paper argues that an empirical research base can illuminate significant findings relating to human motivation and cognition which may help to resolve such issues. It provides an overview and discussion of some of the findings of one particular substantial international research project in order to illustrate the underpinning case for using research to inform both policy and practice and gives some examples of how the evidence generated from this research programme is being used to shape educational policy and practice.
My Self, My Other: Modernism and Postcolonial Bildung in Assia Djebar’s Algerian Quartet

In recent years, Bildung and the Bildungsroman genre have attracted considerable attention, especially in modernist and postcolonial studies, which have re-evaluated the former’s conceptual relevance and the latter’s formal efficacy. In postcolonial fiction, the fissure, or contradiction, in classical Bildung and modernity itself becomes the source of new forms of identity and community. Assia Djebar’s Algerian Quartet explores alternative means of achieving cultural and aesthetic wholeness through new modes of auto/biographical writing. In her nonlinear, polyvocal, and syncopated narratives, we find instead alternatives to conventional Bildung that are more adaptable to non-Western modes of social belonging.
Characteristics of Therapist Self‐Disclosure in the Counseling Process

A survey was sent to practicing therapists to investigate their uses of self-disclosure in counseling and psychotherapy. A total of 46% returned surveys, and most indicated that they used at least some self-disclosure in their work with clients. Overall, respondents reported disclosing about professional qualifications and experience most often and indicated that they disclosed mainly to increase similarity between themselves and clients.
Trimethyltin-induced plastic neuronal changes in rat hippocampus are accompanied by astrocytic trophic activity.

Partial deafferentation of the hippocampus due to trimethyltin (TMT) intoxication has been reported to induce plastic rearrangements of neuronal elements but the factors that direct these responses are unknown. To assess the possible involvement of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the phenomenon we evaluated the presumable changes in the expression pattern of NGF immunoreactivity (NGF-IR) in rat hippocampus 21 days after administration of TMT (8 mg/kg, i.p.) when reactive changes are fully developed. Immunolabelling for TrkA known to mediate biological effects of NGF and for GFAP to identify astroglial cells as a one of presumed source of postinjury produced factors was carried out on adjacent sections to establish the relation between expression of these proteins. In control hippocampus NGF-IR and TrkA-IR were localized in neurons and/or neuropil. After exposure to TMT remarkable non-neuronal expression of both proteins was observed. The distribution pattern of NGF, TrkA and GFAP overlapped suggesting that reactive astrocytes may not only produce NGF but also may become responsive to this neurotrophin. Zones of extensive NGF and TrkA astroglial expression corresponded to areas of axonal-dendritic rearrangements reported earlier. The data suggest that astroglia-derived trophic activity may be involved in neuronal plastic events associated with treatment with TMT.
The Student Risk Screening Scale: Exploring Dimensionality and Differential Item Functioning

Screening of students at risk for antisocial behaviors in school is an essential step in the implementation of evidence-based supports for academic, behavioral, and social domains at the first sign of concern. This study examined the measurement properties of a free-access systematic behavior screening tool: the Student Risk Screening Scale (Drummond, 1994). Ratings on 7,264 students from elementary to high school were subjected to a series of graded response models. Results indicated this scale is sensitive in average and above-average ranges of the distribution of behavior problems. Statistical tests for the presence of differential item functioning (DIF) indicated that all 7 items showed DIF across age, gender, and presence/absence of a special education designation. However, effect size indices for DIF revealed the size of differences found across groups to be, with few exceptions, trivial. Results demonstrate the importance of computing effect size indices when estimating DIF in large-sample studies.
SECTION OF BIOLOGY: PHARMACOLOGICAL AND RENAL EFFECTS OF DIAMOX* (6063), A NEW CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR†

Following the discovery that sulfanilamide was an inhibitor of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, and that this effect appeared to promote renal excretion of base, new compounds were explored in a search for a more-specific and less-toxic drug. One of these, Diamox, 2-acetylamino-l,3 ,4-thiadiazole-5-sulfonamide (6063), is the subject of the following report. Diamox is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of all species studied, including man. It possesses very low systemic toxicity and is excreted largely unchanged by the kidney. Its clearance is approximately two-thirds that of simultaneously determined exogenous creatinine in the dog. Studies with Diamox and carbonic anhydrase both in dvo and in d r o show that the interaction between inhibitor and enzyme is reversible. Following a single dose in the dog, rat, and man. there is a copious diuresis of Na+, K+, HCOs-, and HzO. This effect in the dog is largely independent of dose in the range 10-1000 mg. /kg. After several days of administration, urinary components return to normal. This restoration occurs even in the face of treatment that maintains a high continued concentration of Diamox in the blood, but the metabolic acidosis that may appear by the second day of treatment continues as long as the dosage is maintained. The degree of acidosis depends, in general, on the dose in the range 1-100 mg. /kg. /day. Dogs have been kept for 5 months on 100 mg. /kg. /day of Diamox, with blood pH of
Standardization in Action: Achieving Local Universality through Medical Protocols

In this paper, we argue that universality is always `local universality'. The achievement of local universality depends on how standards manage the tension involved in transforming work practices, while simultaneously being grounded in those practices. We investigate how this is done in two case studies — an oncology protocol and the Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) protocol. These protocols are viewed as technoscientific scripts which crystallize multiple trajectories. In the process of obtaining local universality, we illustrate how protocols feed off previous standards and practices. We then indicate how the protocols function through the distributed work of a multitude of heterogeneous actors. Finally, we argue that, in this process, the protocols themselves are necessarily changed and partially reappropriated.
Analysis of the Fecal Microbiota of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients and Healthy Controls with Real-Time PCR

OBJECTIVE:The gut microbiota may contribute to the onset and maintenance of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this study, the microbiotas of patients suffering from IBS were compared with a control group devoid of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.METHODS:Fecal microbiota of patients (n = 27) fulfilling the Rome II criteria for IBS was compared with age- and gender-matched control subjects (n = 22). Fecal samples were obtained at 3 months intervals. Total bacterial DNA was analyzed by 20 quantitative real-time PCR assays covering approximately 300 bacterial species.RESULTS:Extensive individual variation was observed in the GI microbiota among both the IBS- and control groups. Sorting of the IBS patients according to the symptom subtypes (diarrhea, constipation, and alternating predominant type) revealed that lower amounts of Lactobacillus spp. were present in the samples of diarrhea predominant IBS patients wheras constipation predominant IBS patients carried increased amounts of Veillonella spp. Average results from three fecal samples suggested differences in the Clostridium coccoides subgroup and Bifidobacterium catenulatum group between IBS patients (n = 21) and controls (n = 15). Of the intestinal pathogens earlier associated with IBS, no indications of Helicobacter spp. or Clostridium difficile were found whereas one case of Campylobacter jejuni was identified by sequencing.CONCLUSIONS:With these real-time PCR assays, quantitative alterations in the GI microbiota of IBS patients were found. Increasing microbial DNA sequence information will further allow designing of new real-time PCR assays for a more extensive analysis of intestinal microbes in IBS.
When yielding pieces of the pie is not a piece of cake: Identity-based intergroup effects in negotiations

The present research intends to shed light on an identity-based intergroup effect in negotiations by demonstrating that the mere perception of the negotiation as an instance of intergroup interaction suffices to impair the negotiation process and to deteriorate its outcomes. It was predicted that negotiators’ salient group identities increase their competitive perceptions, reduce their concession behavior, and consequently lead to inferior negotiation outcomes. Study 1 revealed that solo negotiators with salient group identities achieved lower joint outcomes than negotiators with salient individual identities. Study 2 systematically explored the underlying mechanisms of this identity-based intergroup effect by analyzing negotiators’ concession-making behaviors over the course of the negotiation. The results of the second experiment replicate the findings of the first study and further show that the detrimental effect of an identity-based intergroup context will occur in distributive as well as integrative negotiations. The findings of the present research are discussed with respect to their contribution to future research on intergroup negotiation.
Effect of vaginal delivery on long‐term pouch function

The optimal method of childbirth for women with a restorative proctocolectomy (RP) has yet to be determined. Little is known about long‐term ileal pouch function after vaginal delivery, especially when childbirth occurred before RP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vaginal delivery before or after RP on long‐term pouch function.
Bullies, victims and bully-victims:Impact on health profile

Ed uc ac ao ,S oc ie da de & Cu ltu ra s, no 38 ,2 01 3, 53 -7 5 Bullying affects an important number of students in school today. Following the concept of health defended by the World Health Organization (WHO), which focuses on physical, mental and social well-being, in this paper we will present some results of a study concerning the relation between involvement in bullying and some health behaviors (self-esteem, mental health, psychosomatic symptoms and substance use). Data were collected from a random sample, using the Health Behaviours in School-Aged Children (HBSC) used by the WHO, the Susan Harter Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents, a Peer Nomination Inventory and a Sociometric Questionnaire. A total of 581 Portuguese adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, who attended eleven public middle schools in the Lisbon region, were selected. The students were defined as bullies, victims, bully-victims and not involved, on the basis of the Peer Nomination Inventory. Results show a connection between these four groups and some health behaviors, providing a distinctive profile for each one. In general, bullies show a more positive health profile compared to victims, with the exception of substance use. Bully-victims show the most controversial profile, similar to bullies in their higher levels of self-esteem and self-confidence, but also similar to victims in their higher levels of rejection and weakness.
Ductular reaction in hereditary hemochromatosis: The link between hepatocyte senescence and fibrosis progression

The development of portal fibrosis following the iron loading of hepatocytes is the first stage of fibrogenesis in hereditary hemochromatosis. In other chronic liver diseases it has been shown that a ductular reaction (DR) appears early, correlates with fibrosis progression, and is a consequence of activation of an alternative pathway of hepatocyte replication. This study was designed to investigate the presence of the DR in hemochromatosis and describe its associations. Liver biopsies from 63 C282Y homozygous patients were assessed for hepatic iron concentration (HIC) and graded for iron loading, fibrosis stage, steatosis, and inflammation. Immunostaining allowed quantification of the DR, hepatocyte senescence and proliferation, and analysis incorporated clinical data. Hepatocyte senescence was positively correlated with HIC, serum ferritin, and oxidative stress. A DR was demonstrated and occurred prior to histological fibrosis. HIC, age, hepatocyte senescence and proliferation, portal inflammation, and excessive alcohol consumption all had significant associations with the extent of the DR. In multivariate analysis, iron loading, hepatocyte replicative arrest, and portal inflammation remained independently and significantly associated with the DR. Of factors associated with fibrosis progression, the DR (odds ratio [OR] 10.86 P < 0.0001) and the presence of portal inflammation (OR 4.31, P = 0.028) remained significant after adjustment for cofactors. The extent of the DR regressed following therapeutic venesection. Conclusion: Iron loading of hepatocytes leads to impaired replication, stimulating the development of the DR in hemochromatosis and this correlates strongly with hepatic fibrosis. Portal inflammation occurs in hemochromatosis and is independently associated with the DR and fibrosis, and thus its role in this disease should be evaluated further. (Hepatology 2014;59:848–857)
Effects of D‐2 Antagonists on Frequency‐Dependent Stimulated Dopamine Overflow in Nucleus Accumbens and Caudate‐Putamen

Stimulated dopamine overflow has been measured with in vivo voltammetry in the caudate‐putamen and nucleus accumbens. Overflow was induced by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle with 120 1‐ms, 300‐μA, biphasic pulses at frequencies between 10 and 60 Hz. Overflow was measured with a Nafion‐coated, carbon‐fiber electrode used with fast‐scan voltammetry (300 V s‐1). Quantification and identification of dopamine concentrations down to 100 nM in vivo is possible with this technique. The overflow curves were fit to a kinetic model that describes the measured response as a function of uptake (characterized by a Vmax and Km) and release (characterized by the concentration of dopamine released per stimulus pulse). Overflow curves in both regions could be described with similar kinetic parameters except for the Vmax, which in the nucleus accum bens was only 60% of that measured in the caudate‐putamen. Uptake inhibition by nomifensine (20 mg kg‐1) caused an apparent 15‐fold change in the value of Km in the nucleus accumbens, similar to results previously reported in the caudate‐putamen. In contrast, metoclopramide (10 mg kg‐1) and sulpiride (100 mg kg‐1) altered the apparent amount of dopamine released per stimulus pulse without a change in the uptake kinetics.
The Effects of the Use of Activity-Based Costing Software in the Learning Process: An Empirical Analysis

This study investigates the influence of the use of accounting software in teaching activity-based costing (ABC) on the learning process. It draws upon the Theory of Planned Behaviour and uses the end-user computer satisfaction (EUCS) framework to examine students' satisfaction with the ABC software. The study examines students' satisfaction with the software and the mediating role it plays between assignment clarity and the understanding of ABC and between assignment clarity and their intention to learn more about the software used. We use a Partial Least Squares (PLS) path model to examine the framework of the study and draw on survey data. Our findings suggest that students' satisfaction with the ABC software plays a pivotal role in the learning process. This satisfaction not only has a significant direct impact on both students' perceptions of their understanding of ABC and students' willingness to learn more about the ABC software used, but it also fully mediates the relationship between assignment clarity and students' willingness to learn more about the software. Further, students' satisfaction with the ABC software enhances the effect of assignment clarity on the understanding of ABC concepts. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the use of the software improved the depth of students' understanding of ABC at both conceptual and practical levels.
Longitudinal assessment of distress and quality of life in the early stages of breast cancer treatment.

BACKGROUND During breast cancer treatment, a decline in quality of life and the patient's psychological well-being is observed. The purpose of this study was to assess levels of quality of life and psychological distress during breast cancer treatment. METHODS Utilizing a longitudinal design, patients with breast cancer were assessed at three time-points during treatment. The within-subject analysis of variance was conducted to compare subscales of quality of life. Linear regression analyses were utilized to determine the contribution of psychological distress to the quality of life at each time assessment. RESULTS Significant differences between the assessment times on the physical subscale (p < 0.001), socio-family (p < 0.01) and emotional well-being (p < 0.001) were showed. Specific domain-related breast cancer and psychological distress (p < 0.05) were significant during the assessment period. No difference was found on the total quality of life score within the three points of reference for treatment. The regression analysis revealed that after treatment, psychological distress showed a higher percentage of variance of the quality of life (62.6%) compared to other treatment time-points. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes to the quality of life and psychological distress subscales are seen during breast cancer treatment. The degree to which psychological distress affected quality of life varied over the illness continuum. Health professionals should pay attention to the variability of the emotional support and care needs of patients with cancer at different times of treatment.
Logical separation? Conjoined twins, slippery slopes and resource allocation

The recent decision in Re A (Conjoined Twins: Medical Treatment) [2001] 1 FLR 1 to separate 'Jodie' and 'Mary' might have far-reaching implications. Despite the Court of Appeal's protestations to the contrary, the ruling, and in particular the reasoning regarding 'best interests' and the lawfulness of separation, must have set a precedent. Perhaps most problematically, it appears that the court's reasoning can be employed to justify killing one patient in order that some other(s)might benefit from the resources currently devoted to her or him. This logically required extension might not be met with such a radical ruling in practice; nevertheless, its very possibility presents a threat to legal coherence, in view of the obvious conflict with other legal principles.
Phase I/II Study of Imatinib Mesylate for Recurrent Malignant Gliomas: North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study 99-08

Purpose: Phase I: To determine the maximum tolerated doses, toxicities, and pharmacokinetics of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) in patients with malignant gliomas taking enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAED) or not taking EIAED. Phase II: To determine the therapeutic efficacy of imatinib. Experimental Design: Phase I component used an interpatient dose escalation scheme. End points of the phase II component were 6-month progression-free survival and response. Results: Fifty patients enrolled in the phase I component (27 EIAED and 23 non-EIAED). The maximum tolerated dose for non-EIAED patients was 800 mg/d. Dose-limiting toxicities were neutropenia, rash, and elevated alanine aminotransferase. EIAED patients received up to 1,200 mg/d imatinib without developing dose-limiting toxicity. Plasma exposure of imatinib was reduced by ∼68% in EIAED patients compared with non-EIAED patients. Fifty-five non-EIAED patients (34 glioblastoma multiforme and 21 anaplastic glioma) enrolled in the phase II component. Patients initially received 800 mg/d imatinib; 15 anaplastic glioma patients received 600 mg/d after hemorrhages were observed. There were 2 partial response and 6 stable disease among glioblastoma multiforme patients and 0 partial response and 5 stable disease among anaplastic glioma patients. Six-month progression-free survival was 3% for glioblastoma multiforme and 10% for anaplastic glioma patients. Five phase II patients developed intratumoral hemorrhages. Conclusions: Single-agent imatinib has minimal activity in malignant gliomas. CYP3A4 inducers, such as EIAEDs, substantially decreased plasma exposure of imatinib and should be avoided in patients receiving imatinib for chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The evaluation of the activity of combination regimens incorporating imatinib is under way in phase II trials.
edu Partial differential equation models in macroeconomics

References html#related-urls http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/372/2028/20130397.full. Article cited in: 97.full. html#ref-list-1 http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/372/2028/201303 This article cites 51 articles, 8 of which can be accessed free Subject collections (148 articles) applied mathematics  collections Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Email alerting service here in the box at the top right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up