Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTERPERSONAL COGNITION AND THE RELATIONAL SELF: PAVING THE EMPIRICAL ROAD FOR DIALOGICAL SCIENCE

Research into the dynamics of interpersonal cognition has established a number of principles governing thought processes before, during, and after a social interaction. We begin this article by reviewing these principles, including the representation of interpersonal knowledge, the activation of interpersonal knowledge in the mind through both conscious and unconscious means, and the important role attention plays in these processes. We then summarize examples of the successful modification of some of these habits of thinking about social knowledge. In this manner we hope to contribute to the development of dialogical science by providing an overview of potentially useful research findings and methodological strategies from which dialogical scientists may draw. The human mind is an acutely interpersonal organ. The interpersonal nature of the mind can be, and has been, studied from a wide range of different perspectives. One psychological approach is social cognition, which, broadly defined, concerns the scientific study of the cognitive, motivational, and affective processes involved in social interaction (Kunda, 1999). Although the past thirty years have witnessed the blossoming of the study of social cognition as a whole, it is especially in the last decade that social cognitive researchers have focused particularly intensely on the topic of interpersonal cognition. This concentration arose from an increasing awareness that humans tend not to deliberate over independent social objects, such as self and other, in isolation from each other as much as they think about such entities in interaction with each other. Indeed, one might say that the field of social cognition has become dialogical. Research into interpersonal cognition has resulted in an impressive list of established principles shown to be fundamental to the psychology of interpersonal experience before, during, and long after an interaction has actually occurred (Baldwin, 2005). This research is clearly relevant to work on the dialogical self and related topics (e.g., Hermans & Kempen, 1993), although while these perspectives often emphasize
Contrasting Perspectives of Strategy Making: Applications in ‘Hyper’ Environments

We revisit the original meaning of turbulence in the socioecological tradition of organization studies and outline a perspective on strategy making grounded in that tradition. This entails a contrast of the socioecological perspective with the more well-known neoclassical perspective on strategy, based on their core decision premises and their different understandings of environmental turbulence. We argue that while some mainstream strategy approaches have taken important strides toward addressing advanced turbulence, many others remain tethered to the neoclassical origins of the strategy discipline and are insufficiently responsive to the new landscape of strategy that now characterizes many industries. This new landscape is construed as the ‘hyper environment’, in which positive feedback processes and emergent field effects produce high volatility. We use two case illustrations from the US healthcare sector to examine how neoclassical and socioecological perspectives contribute to strategizing in hyper environments. Implications for strategic management theory and practice flow from this analysis.
Subpixel registration of images

Phase correlation has been studied as a tool for registering pairs of images to subpixel resolution. Shekarforoush et al. (1994) investigated an algorithm that works well for when observed data are samples of ideally bandlimited images. In fact, images of real scenes captured by modern optics are not ideally bandlimited images. This paper examines how aliasing in sampled images effects the ideal phase relationships between continuous images undergoing translational shifts. We show that the performance of standard phase correlation methods for subpixel image registration can be severely degraded with moderate amounts of aliasing, and we investigate two approaches for modeling aliasing effects in order to improve subpixel image registration accuracy. The first approach, a very simple algorithm, both conceptually and computationally is based on detecting those frequency components that have become unreliable estimators of shift due to aliasing, and removing the detected components from the shift estimate. The second approach, more ambitious and more complex, attempts to undo the effects of aliasing and to use all de-aliased frequency components in the shift estimator.
Hypernetworks in the Science of Complex Systems

The modern world is complex beyond human understanding and control. The science of complex systems aims to find new ways of thinking about the many interconnected networks of interaction that defy traditional approaches. Thus far, research into networks has largely been restricted to pairwise relationships represented by links between two nodes.This volume marks a major extension of networks to multidimensional hypernetworks for modeling multi-element relationships, such as companies making up the stock market, the neighborhoods forming a city, people making up committees, divisions making up companies, computers making up the internet, men and machines making up armies, or robots working as teams. This volume makes an important contribution to the science of complex systems by: extending network theory to include dynamic relationships between many elements; providing a mathematical theory able to integrate multilevel dynamics in a coherent way; providing a new methodological approach to analyze complex systems; and, illustrating the theory with practical examples in the design, management and control of complex systems taken from many areas of application.
Modulation of HLA-DR in dry eye patients following 30 days of treatment with a lubricant eyedrop solution

Purpose To determine the changes in dry eye disease (DED) severity and the percentage of cells expressing HLA-DR on the ocular surface following treatment with lubricant eyedrops containing polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol (PEG/PG) and the gelling agent hydroxypropyl guar (HP-Guar). Patients and methods Nineteen patients with DED used PEG/PG + HP-Guar eyedrops four times per day for 30 days. Assessments included DED severity (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI], corneal staining, conjunctival staining, tear film break-up time [TFBUT], and Schirmer testing) and impression cytology of the conjunctiva with masked flow cytometry at baseline and at 30 days. Results There was a significant decrease in corneal staining (P<0.01), OSDI (P=0.02), and TFBUT (P<0.01) following treatment with PEG/PG + HP-Guar. Results from flow cytometry revealed a significant decrease in cells expressing HLA-DR (P=0.02). Conclusion Treatment with PEG/PG + HP-Guar eyedrops showed improvement in dry eye severity and reduction in surface inflammation as indicated by a reduction in HLA-DR expression.
Maturation of late Golgi cisternae into RabERAB11 exocytic post-Golgi carriers visualized in vivo

Maturation of Golgi cisternae into post-Golgi carriers is directly visualized using the Aspergillus nidulans Ypt31/RAB11 homologue RabE as a reporter of post-Golgi identity. A microtubule-based conveyor belt fuels carriers to actin microfilaments radiating from the apex, which carry out the membrane-proximal transport step of exocytosis.
Toward a Transactional Model of Parent-Adolescent Relationship Quality and Adolescent Psychological Adjustment

The present study includes externalizing problems, internalizing problems, mother-adolescent relationship quality, and father-adolescent relationship quality in the same structural equation model and tests the longitudinal reciprocal association among all four variables over a 1-year period. A transactional model in which adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems are negatively related to the quality of adolescents' relationships with their parents and relationship quality is related to internalizing and externalizing problems is hypothesized. Moderation by gender, ethnicity, and parental marital status is also investigated. The sample consists of 246 boys and 253 girls from the sixth and seventh grades of a large public middle school. The study's final model suggests a longitudinal, reciprocal association between the quality of adolescents' relationships with their mothers and internalizing problems. Results suggest longitudinal unidirectional effects from externalizing problems to the quality of adolescents' relationships with their fathers and from the quality of adolescents' relationships with their mothers to externalizing problems.
Training Effectiveness and Trainee Performance in a Voluntary Training Program

Effective training programs are critical for successful employee performance. The same can be said for volunteer programs. Volunteers need to have the knowledge and skills necessary to fulfill the mission of the organization. In this study, we examine the impact of training methods and trainees’ demographic factors on the effectiveness of a training program for a voluntary program. Survey results (N = 5,727) indicate a very low percentage of participation (16.46%) in the voluntary program after training. Responses also indicate that content knowledge recall after training is affected by training year (the year receiving training), industrial sector, calling history, and training delivery method. Participants’ desires for retraining are also impacted by the type of training received, the industry sector, as well as past participation in the program. Recommendations for voluntary training programs based on study results and future research directions are presented.
Communication‐elicited arousal in public speaking, small group and dyadic contexts: Comparisons of change in heart rate

The study examined the effect of situational demands on arousal in public speaking, small group, and dyadic contexts. Heart rate level of nine university students varied significantly according to the demands of the context. The nature of the context was also reflected in subjects’ heart rate variation. The advantages of expanding the physiological communication research in various communication contexts were discussed.
Crystal structures of DntR inducer binding domains in complex with salicylate offer insights into the activation of LysR‐type transcriptional regulators

Activation of LysR‐type transcription factors (LTTRs) is thought to result from conformational changes that occur when inducer molecules bind to their Inducer Binding Domains (IBDs). However, the exact nature of these changes remains to be fully elucidated. We present the crystal structures of two truncated constructs of the LTTR DntR in their apo‐ forms and in complex with its natural inducer molecule, salicylate. These provide a fuller picture of the conformational changes that can occur in LTTR IBDs and offer insights that may be relevant when considering the mechanism of activation of LTTRs. Two of the crystal structures show that DntR IBDs can bind up to two inducer molecules. The full extent of conformational changes observed is achieved only when inducer molecules are bound in both binding sites identified. Point mutations disrupting the putative secondary binding site produce DntR variants with a reduced response to salicylate in a whole cell system, suggesting that this site is functionally relevant.
Washout Filters in the Bifurcation Control of High Alpha Flight Dynamics

Washout filters are employed in the design of stabilizing controllers for systems undergoing bifurcations. Moreover, the advantages of using washout filters are demonstrated in the control of a high angle-of-attack nonlinear aircraft model. In the bifurcation control of an F-8 model in [2], the performance of the controller depended on a priori computation of equilibrium curves. Moreover, the controller tended to result in reshaping non-nominal equilibrium branches. Since this could result in a nearby equilibrium point moving toward the trim condition, it is undesirable. In this paper, by complementing the technique of [2] with washout filters for the control of F-8 high alpha dynamics, a fixed controller can be used through a range of flight conditions, without affecting the set of open-loop equilibria. The stability of the equilibrium of interest is, however, significantly enhanced.
The psychometric properties of The Religious Status Inventory—‘Being Ethical’ subscale among Northern Irish adolescents

There are few self‐report measures of morality. The Religious Status Inventory—‘Being Ethical’ subscale represents one approach. However, at present there is limited information on the psychometric properties of either the original 20‐item version (RSInv‐20) or the shortened embedded 10‐item version (RSInv‐S10). The aim of the present study was to provide psychometric data on the internal reliability of these two versions of the ‘Being Ethical’ subscale. As part of a larger study, 595 Northern Irish adolescents, drawn from both Grammar and Secondary schools, completed the RSInv‐20. An unsatisfactory level of internal reliability was found for the RSInv‐20 (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.42), but a satisfactory level of internal reliability was found for the RSInv‐S10 (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.70). Subsequent item analysis produced an alternative 10‐item version (RSInv‐A10) that provided the optimum level of internal reliability for a 10‐item measure in the present sample (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.74). In addition, on all three versions of the measure (RSInv‐20, RSInv‐S10, and RSInv‐A10), differences were found in levels of internal reliability among Grammar and Secondary school respondents, with the former producing higher levels of internal reliability.
Immigration as a Catalyst for Increased Health Awareness: Immigrant Women Define Health and Health Decision Making

In this study we discuss how immigrant women define and maintain health, particularly breast health. Using a grounded theory approach, we conducted twenty in-depth interviews with immigrant women in Canada. The main theme that emerged from the data was immigration as a catalyst for increased health awareness. Three thematic constructs describe how the women maintain health and make health decisions in a nonnative environment: the belief that health is a combination of physical and mental health, independence, and good environment; the belief that culture and relationships influence health decision making; and the belief that health care accessibility impacts health behaviors.
The Geo-Privacy Bonus of Popular Photo Enhancements

Today's geo-location estimation approaches are able to infer the location of a target image using its visual content alone. These approaches typically exploit visual matching techniques, applied to a large collection of background images with known geo-locations. Users who are unaware that visual analysis and retrieval approaches can compromise their geo-privacy, unwittingly open themselves to risks of crime or other unintended consequences. This paper lays the groundwork for a new approach to geo-privacy of social images: Instead of requiring a change of user behavior, we start by investigating users' existing photo-sharing practices. We carry out a series of experiments using a large collection of social images (8.5M) to systematically analyze how photo editing practices impact the performance of geo-location estimation. We find that standard image enhancements, including filters and cropping, already serve as natural geo-privacy protectors. In our experiments, up to 19% of images whose location would otherwise be automatically predictable were unlocalizeable after enhancement. We conclude that it would be wrong to assume that geo-visual privacy is a lost cause in today's world of rapidly maturing machine learning. Instead, protecting users against the unwanted effects of pixel-based inference is a viable research field. A starting point is understanding the geo-privacy bonus of already established user behavior.
Going green: women entrepreneurs and the environment

Purpose – The paper seeks to explore whether women entrepreneurs may be more engaged with green issues than their male counterparts. The study was undertaken to add to our understanding of gendered attitudes and behaviours around green entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approach – The paper opted for a mixed method exploratory study consisting of quantitative datasets from two regional studies on environmental attitudes and behaviour and qualitative data generated as part of an Australian green entrepreneurship training program.Findings – The study found that participating women had stronger environmental attitudes and commitment to the green entrepreneurship program than males, suggesting that women entrepreneurs may be more engaged in green issues than male entrepreneurs.Research limitations/implications – Given the exploratory study approach, research results lack generalisability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed framework.Practical implications – Understanding gendered beha.
The more the merrier? The effect of family size and birth order on children's education

There is an extensive theoretical literature that postulates a trade-off between child quantity and quality within a family. However, there is little causal evidence that speaks to this theory. Using a rich data set on the entire population of Norway over an extended period of time, we examine the effects of family size and birth order on the educational attainment of children. We find a negative correlation between family size and children's education, but when we include indicators for birth order or use twin births as an instrument, family size effects become negligible. In addition, higher birth order has a significant and large negative effect on children's education. We also study adult earnings, employment, and teenage childbearing and find strong evidence for birth order effects with these outcomes, particularly among women. These findings suggest the need to revisit economic models of fertility and child "production," focusing not only on differences across families but differences within families as well.
Surface Defects Detection for Ceramic Tiles Using Image Processing and Morphological Techniques

Quality control in ceramic tile manufacturing is hard, labour intensive and it is performed in a harsh industrial environment with noise, extreme temperature and humidity. It can be divided into colour analysis, dimension verification, and surface defect detection, which is the main purpose of our work. Defects detection is still based on the judgment of human operators while most of the other manufacturing activities are automated so, our work is a quality control enhancement by integrating a visual control stage using image processing and morphological operation techniques before the packing operation to improve the homogeneity of batches received by final users. An automated defect detection and classification technique that can ensured the better quality of tiles in manufacturing process as well as production rate.
A Framework for Developing Cognitively Diagnostic Assessments

Over the past decade or so, a growing number of writers have argued that cognitive science and psychometrics could be combined in the service of instruction. Researchers have progressed beyond statements of intent to the hands-on business of researching and developing diagnostic assessments combining cognitive science and psychometrics, what I call cognitively diagnostic assessment (CDA). In this article, I attempt to organize the many loosely connected efforts to develop cognitively diagnostic assessments. I consider the development of assessments to guide specific instructional decisions, sometimes referred to as diagnostic assessments. Many of my arguments apply to program evaluation as well—assessments that reveal the mechanisms test takers use in responding to items or tasks provide important information on whether instruction is achieving its goals. My goal in this article is to characterize CDA in terms of the intended use of assessment and the methods of developing and evaluating assessments. Towards this goal, I (a) outline the societal trends that motivate the development of CDA, (b) introduce a framework within which the psychological and statistical aspects of CDA can be coordinated, and (c) summarize efforts to develop CDA in a five-step methodology that can guide future development efforts. Finally, I address some of the issues developers of CDA must resolve if CDA is to succeed.
Visual search for emotional faces in children

The ability to rapidly detect facial expressions of anger and threat over other salient expressions has adaptive value across the lifespan. Although studies have demonstrated this threat superiority effect in adults, surprisingly little research has examined the development of this process over the childhood period. In this study, we examined the efficiency of children's facial processing in visual search tasks. In Experiment 1, children (N=49) aged 8 to 11 years were faster and more accurate in detecting angry target faces embedded in neutral backgrounds than vice versa, and they were slower in detecting the absence of a discrepant face among angry than among neutral faces. This search pattern was unaffected by an increase in matrix size. Faster detection of angry than neutral deviants may reflect that angry faces stand out more among neutral faces than vice versa, or that detection of neutral faces is slowed by the presence of surrounding angry distracters. When keeping the background constant in Experiment 2, children (N=35) aged 8 to 11 years were faster and more accurate in detecting angry than sad or happy target faces among neutral background faces. Moreover, children with higher levels of anxiety were quicker to find both angry and sad faces whereas low anxious children showed an advantage for angry faces only. Results suggest a threat superiority effect in processing facial expressions in young children as in adults and that increased sensitivity for negative faces may be characteristic of children with anxiety problems.
Doing away with Morgan's Canon

Morgan ' s Canon is a very widely endorsed methodological principle in animal psychology, believed to be vital for a rigorous, scientifi c approach to the study of animal cognition. In contrast I argue that Morgan ' s Canon is unjustifi ed, pernicious and unnecessary. I identify two main versions of the Canon and show that they both suffer from very serious problems. I then suggest an alternative methodological principle that captures all of the genuine methodological benefi ts that Morgan ' s Canon can bring but suffers from none of its problems.
Focusing Teaching on Students: Examining Student Perceptions of Learning Strategies

This study examined undergraduate and graduate students’ perceptions of the impact of in-class learning activities, out-of-class learning activities, and instructional materials on their learning. Using survey methodology, students anonymously assessed their perceptions of in-class activities, out-of-class activities, and instructional materials as most impactful, helpful, and enjoyable to their learning. Undergraduate college students found Jeopardy games, PowerPoint slides, and checking for understanding/review questions to be most helpful, while 50% often perceived Jeopardy games, Poll Everywhere, videos, and PowerPoint slides as enjoyable active learning strategies. Graduate students perceived small groups, out-of-class writing assignments, and Lino as most helpful to their learning. Additionally, an analysis of student comments about why these strategies were impactful, helpful, and enjoyable revealed 4 themes: fun, learning collaboratively, challenging but helpful, and variety in how students learn. Creating a learner-centered environment that is engaging as well as enjoyable for students positively impacts perceptions of students’ learning, which should encourage teachers to adopt this approach in their own college classrooms.