Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Inter- and Intragroup Differences in Schematic and Aschematic Groups' Ratings of Trait Relations

It was hypothesized that a subject's personality with respect to having a self-schema in a given personality domain will affect the subject's assumptions about how traits that belong to the given personality domain are interrelated in other persons. Two hypotheses were posed: (1) schematic, as compared to aschematic groups, assume stronger relations (likelihood of co-occurrence) between schema-consistent traits in other persons and (2) schematic persons assume stronger relations between schema-consistent traits, as compared to schema-inconsistent traits and schema-neutral traits in other persons. 82 women made self-ratings on 3 feminine traits, 3 masculine traits, and 3 neutral traits, as well as trait-relation ratings between pairs consisting of feminine traits (F-F relation), masculine traits (M-M relation), and neutral traits (N-N relation). On the basis of the self-ratings subjects were classified into feminine schematic (n = 14) and aschematic groups (n = 13). The trait-relation ratings were analyzed through a 2 × 3 (group × type of trait-relation) analysis of variance. The analysis confirmed both hypotheses. Implications of these results for self-schema and implicit personality theory are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.
Cantonese e-discourse: A new hybrid variety of English

Abstract While English remains the most dominant language used on the Internet, studies have primarily investigated computer-mediated interactions in English. Little linguistic research has, however, investigated how English and other languages interact online. Based on a 20,000-word corpus of private ICQ (‘I Seek You’) data, this paper analyses the online linguistic strategies and features of eighteen NNS university students from Hong Kong studying in Britain. The study witnesses the evolution of a new hybrid variety of English, an emergent bimodality with an informal speakerly style produced in a context of synchronicity. The findings demonstrate how the interlocutors adopt and adapt conventions of oral and written discourse to interact creatively in a context with spatio-temporal constraints in order to co-construct interpersonal convergence and to express their cultural identity. The speech modifications and linguistic play evidenced within code-switching, borrowing of Cantonese discourse markers, relexicalisation, and prosodic effects can be considered part of an e-discourse repertoire used to achieve interactional purposes and to articulate cultural identity.
Personality Characteristics as Risk Indications of Alcohol Use and Violent Behavior in Male and Female Adolescents

Abstract. The present study focused on personality characteristics in adolescent boys (n = 414) and girls (n = 552) in 8th grade with self-reported violent behavior and risky alcohol use. Adolescents with indications of violent behavior and/or risky alcohol use, compared to others, were generally more impulsive, had a stronger need for change and action, were less adjusted and socially conforming, as well as more aggressive. The findings pointed toward a clustering of problem behaviors. Furthermore, adolescents with a combination of violent behavior and alcohol use had more pronounced personality scores than subjects who reported only one of these behaviors. The main finding was that among girls these behaviors appeared to be associated with more deviant levels of the personality characteristics in focus.
Ethnic and Racial Inequalities in Notified Cases of Tuberculosis in Brazil

Objective This study analysed clinical and sociodemographic aspects and follow-up for notified cases of tuberculosis (TB) and explored inequalities in incidence rates and outcome by colour or race and the geographic macro-regions of Brazil. Methods This paper reports the results of a population-based descriptive epidemiological study of all notified cases of TB in Brazil during the period from 01/01/2008 to 31/12/2011. We analysed sociodemographic and clinical variables according to colour or race (white, black, Asian, mixed, and indigenous) and geographic macro-regions of the country (North, Northeast, Central-West, South, and Southeast). Results During the study period, the average incidence of TB in Brazil was 36.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with the highest rates occurring in the North and Southeast regions. The analysis of TB notifications by colour or race revealed that the indigenous population presented the highest incidence rates in all macro-regions except the South, where higher rates were reported in black patients. ‘Cured’ was the most frequently reported treatment outcome for all skin colour categories. The highest cure rate occurred among the indigenous population (76.8%), while the lowest cure rate occurred among the black population (70.7%). Rates of treatment default were highest among blacks (10.5%) and lowest among the indigenous population (6.9%). However, the fatality rate was similar across race categories, varying between 2.8% and 3.8% for whites and the indigenous population, respectively. The lowest cure rates were observed when follow-up was inadequate (58.3%), and the highest was observed when the follow-up was classified as excellent (96.8%). Conclusions This study revealed that—apart from the heterogeneous distribution of TB among the Brazilian macro-regions—ethnic-racial inequalities exist in terms of clinical-epidemiological characteristics and incidence rates as well as follow-up for cases undergoing treatment. The highest rates of TB occurred among the indigenous people.
Determination of amplicon boundaries at 20q13.2 in tissue samples of human gastric adenocarcinomas by high‐resolution microarray comparative genomic hybridization

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) of gastric adenocarcinomas frequently shows gains and amplifications of chromosome 20. However, the underlying genetic lesion is unknown and conventional CGH results do not allow specification of the target region. In order to investigate this chromosomal aberration with a higher resolution and sensitivity, microarray‐based CGH was performed with both scanning and high‐resolution arrays of chromosome 20 in a series of 27 gastric adenocarcinomas. Locus‐specific fragments of genomic DNA from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones were spotted as microarrays. A scanning array contained a set of 27 BAC clones covering chromosome 20q. A high‐resolution array contained 27 overlapping BAC clones at 20q13.2. This high‐resolution array was used to narrow down the amplicon at 20q13.2 in tumours showing amplification of this chromosomal region with the scanning array. Positive copy number changes on chromosome 20q were detected in 12 of 27 cases (44%). These changes included gain of the whole arm of chromosome 20q in 8 of 27 (30%) cases, amplification restricted to 20q12.1 in one case, and amplifications restricted to 20q13 in three cases (11%). The three tumours showing amplification restricted to 20q13 were analysed further using the high‐resolution array. In one tumour, the whole contig was amplified at a constant level. One of the other two tumours had a clear proximal breakpoint, while the other tumour had a clear distal breakpoint within the 20q13.2 region. The proximal and the distal breakpoint were approximately 800 kb apart. In the present study, an amplicon at 20q13.2 has been narrowed down to 800 kb which is likely to harbour one or more putative oncogenes relevant to gastric carcinogenesis, for which ZNF217 and CYP24 are good candidates. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laboratory Population Parameters and Field Impact of the Larval Endoparasitoid Pseudapanteles dignus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on its Host Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Tomato Crops in Argentina

ABSTRACT The tomato moth, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a key pest of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum L. , crops in Central and South America. At present it is dispersing rapidly in Africa and Eurasian continents as an invasive pest, threatening worldwide tomato production. Pseudapanteles dignus (Muesebeck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an American endoparasitoid reported as the main natural enemy of T. absoluta in commercial tomato. To gain knowledge of the potential role of P. dignus in the biological control of this pest, we determined its population parameters in laboratory and the parasitoid's impact on T. absoluta in the field. In laboratory, lifetime fecundity was 193 eggs per female, and longevity was 24 and 26 d for female and male, respectively. The finite rate of increase (&lgr;) was 1.15 per female per day and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was 0.14. The net reproductive rate (R0) was found to be 51.2, and generation time (T) 28.8 d. The time for doubling the population (DT) was 5 d. Furthermore, field parasitism of T. absoluta varied between 33 and 64% in the different years studied. Population parameters estimated in this study can be considered baseline information for a mass-rearing protocol of this parasitoid. Moreover, growth rates of P. dignus, particularly rm, and its impact on field populations of T. absoluta indicated that this parasitoid is a valuable candidate for biological control of this pest.
Emerging Neurophysiological Specialization for Letter Strings

In adult readers, printed words and other letter strings activate specialized visual functions within 200 msec, as evident from neurophysiological recordings of brain activity. These fast, specialized responses to letter strings are thought to develop through plastic changes in the visual system. However, it is unknown whether this specialization emerges only with the onset of word reading, or represents a precursor of literacy. We compared 6-year-old kindergarten children who could not yet read words to adult readers. Both age groups detected immediate repetitions of visually presented words, pseudo-words, symbol strings, and pictures during event-related potential (ERP) mapping. Maps from seven corresponding ERP segments in children and adults were analyzed regarding fast (<250 msec) and slow (>300 msec) specialization for letter strings. Adults reliably differentiated words through increased fast (<150 msec) occipito-temporal N1 activity from symbols. Children showed a later, more mid-occipital N1 with marginal word-symbol differences, which were absent in those children with low letter knowledge. Children with high letter knowledge showed some fast sensitivity to letter strings, which was confined to right occipito-temporal sites, unlike the stronger adult N1 specialization. This suggests that a critical degree of early literacy induces some immature, but fast, specialization for letter strings before word reading becomes possible. Children also differentiated words from symbols in later segments through increased right occipito-temporal negativity for words. This slow specialization for letter strings was not modulated by letter knowledge and was absent in adults, possibly reflecting a visual precursor of literacy due to visual familiarity with letter strings.
Efficient simulation of secondary motion in rig-space

We present an efficient method for augmenting keyframed character animations with physically-simulated secondary motion. Our method achieves a performance improvement of one to two orders of magnitude over previous work without compromising on quality. This performance is based on a linearized formulation of rig-space dynamics that uses only rig parameters as degrees of freedom, a physics-based volumetric skinning method that allows our method to predict the motion of internal vertices solely from deformations of the surface, as well as a deferred Jacobian update scheme that drastically reduces the number of required rig evaluations. We demonstrate the performance of our method by comparing it to previous work and showcase its potential on a production-quality character rig.
The Impact of Racial Socialization on the Academic Performance and Prosocial Involvement of Black Emerging Adults

Despite evidence linking racial socialization processes to the functioning of Black youth, the effect of these parenting practices among Black college students is less clear. This study examined the relationship among racial socialization messages, academic performance, and prosocial involvement for 295 Black college students. Results revealed that participants who received messages alerting them to the existence of racism were more involved in prosocial activities on campus and in the community; conversely, disparaging racial messages were negatively related to academic performance. Despite the college students’ newfound autonomy, findings suggest parental messages about race continue to impact Black college students.
Does gender matter? Policies, norms and the gender gap in work-to-home and home-to-work conflict across Europe

This article examines gender differences in work-to-home conflict (WHC) and home-to-work conflict (HWC) in 10 European countries and considers to what extent such differences can be linked to the institutional/societal context. This study combines the conventional demand-resource approach and an institutional framework on work–family reconciliation policies and gender norms by using data from the European Social Survey. The analyses reveal that work and home demands affect men's and women's perceived conflict somewhat differently, and that the two conflict dimensions are gender asymmetrical and linked to patterns that result from men's and women's traditional home and work spheres. This cross-country comparative analysis shows greater gender gap in perceived conflict in countries with weaker policy support for work–family reconciliation and more traditional gender norms suggesting that individuals' perceptions of WHC and HWC are institutionally embedded.
Reciprocal enhancement of gene expression and viral replication between human cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Biological interactions between human cytomegalo-virus (HCMV) and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were analysed in transfection and infection experiments, carried out in a human osteo-genic sarcoma cell line (HOS) and in the same cell line chronically infected with HCMV (E155). When HOS and E155 cells were transfected with recombinant plasmids containing the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase (CAT) gene, LTR-directed CAT expression was 20 times higher in E155 cells than in HOS cells. HOS cells co-infected with HCMV and HIV-1 showed enhanced production of the HIV-1 p24 antigen. In reciprocal experiments, an increase in HCMV immediate early gene expression was observed when HCMV-infected HOS cells and E155 cells were either trans-fected with a recombinant plasmid containing the HIV transactivator gene (pTAT), or when infected with HIV-1. DNA hybridization analysis of E155 and HCMV-infected HOS cells revealed higher levels of HCMV DNA in cells transfected with pTAT than in ceils transfected with other non-specific recombinant plasmids. E155 cells transfected with pTAT also produced higher titres of infectious HCMV than control cultures of E155 cells transfected with other recombinant plasmids, including pMTAT carrying a mutant tat gene. The functional reciprocity in vitro between HCMV and HIV is discussed with respect to its possible implications for the clinical development of AIDS.
Standard- vs high-dose clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention.

To the Editor: The results of the Gauging Responsiveness with a VerifyNow assay–Impact on Thrombosis and Safety (GRAVITAS) and Clopidogrel and Aspirin Optimal Dose Usage to Reduce Recurrent Events–Seventh Organization to Assess Strategies in Ischemic Syndromes (CURRENTOASIS 7) trials suggested that high-dose clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can exhibit different clinical efficacy according to the study design. CURRENT-OASIS 7 found a reduction in cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke at 1 month with double-dose clopidogrel (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.86) while GRAVITAS, after 6 months, did not (HR, 1.01). First, ischemic event occurrences may be dependent on the extent of peri-PCI platelet activation. A 600-mg loading dose before coronary angiography in CURRENT-OASIS 7 significantly reduced the primary outcome but not when given 12 to 24 hours after PCI in GRAVITAS. Second, the benefit of intensified platelet inhibition may be different depending on the risk profile, which differed between the trials. The 1-month cardiovascular death and MI rate with the standard dose was approximately 0.7% in GRAVITAS (estimated from Figure 2) vs about 4.5% in CURRENT-OASIS 7. Differences in safety may also be related to the differences in study design. More patients in the standard-dose clopidogrel group in CURRENT-OASIS 7 received heparin or glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor compared with those in GRAVITAS, and they had a higher rate of major bleeding (1.9% in 1 month in CURRENT-OASIS 7 vs 1.2%-2.3% in 6 months in GRAVITAS). Patients with high ontreatment reactivity were more likely to be women and slightly older in GRAVITAS, and double-dose clopidogrel showed greater benefits in these patients in CURRENT-OASIS 7. However, these characteristics also significantly increased bleeding risk in a meta-analysis. CYP2C19 polymorphism carriage was a main predictor of high on-treatment reactivity with high–maintenance dose clopidogrel in the Accelerated Platelet Inhibition by a Double Dose of Clopidogrel According to Gene Polymorphism (ACCEL-DOUBLE) study. Differences in the genetic composition of the population in GRAVITAS could be related to the modest pharmacodynamic effect. However, despite similarly high prevalences of CYP2C19 poor metabolizers in East and South Asians (10%-20%), these groups had different clinical benefits associated with double-dose clopidogrel (19% decrease in East Asians and 40% increase in South Asians in ischemic events at 1 month in the highvs standard-dose groups). Ischemic event occurrence is a complex process in which platelets, procoagulant and fibrinolytic systems, genes, race, and environment all play a role. Rather than a single measurement of platelet function, future treatment strategies should consider all these factors in an individual patient.
Characterization of Somatically-Eliminated Genes During Development of the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus).

The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a basal vertebrate that undergoes developmentally programmed genome rearrangements (PGRs) during early development. These events facilitate the elimination of ∼20% of the genome from the somatic cell lineage, resulting in distinct somatic and germline genomes. Thus far only a handful of germline-specific genes have been definitively identified within the estimated 500 Mb of DNA that is deleted during PGR, although a few thousand germline-specific genes are thought to exist. To improve our understanding of the evolutionary/developmental logic of PGR, we generated computational predictions to identify candidate germline-specific genes within a new transcriptomic dataset derived from adult germline and the early embryonic stages during which PGR occurs. Follow-up validation studies identified 44 germline-specific genes and further characterized patterns of transcription and DNA loss during early embryogenesis. Expression analyses reveal that many of these genes are differentially expressed during early embryogenesis and presumably function in the early development of the germline. Ontology analyses indicate that many of these germline-specific genes play known roles in germline development, pluripotency, and oncogenesis (when misexpressed). These studies provide support for the theory that PGR serves to segregate molecular functions related to germline development/pluripotency in order to prevent their potential misexpression in somatic cells. This larger set of eliminated genes also allows us to extend the evolutionary/developmental breadth of this theory, as some deleted genes (or their gnathostome homologs) appear to be associated with the early development of somatic lineages, perhaps through the evolution of novel functions within gnathostome lineages.
Emotion‐focused group therapy: Addressing self‐criticism in the treatment of eating disorders

AbstractAims: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perspectives of women with eating disorder diagnoses regarding their experiences of participating in an emotion-focused therapy group treatment for eating disorders. From the early sessions the group members chose to focus on self-criticism, the issue they viewed as most salient. Methods: Data were collected through participant feedback forms and letters the participants wrote to their self-critical voices towards the end of treatment. Findings: Thematic analysis revealed six broad themes: (a) struggling to separate from the critic; (b) recognising the destructive impact of the critic; (c) recognising the protective function of the critic; (d) accessing and accepting previously avoided feelings; (e) accepting my needs; and (f) valuing the group. Implications for counselling: There is a pressing need for new and effective treatments for eating disorders. The described group therapy shows promise in treating self-criticism in the context.
Remembering intentions: testing a new method of investigation

The paper examines some of the methodological difficulties associated with the investigation of remembering intentions in a laboratory and reports the development of a new and easily administered naturalistic task. The task requires participants to act as a narrator and read aloud a story that they are informed will help the experimenter to obtain necessary test material for another study. Remembering intentions ('prospective memory') is examined by presenting a plausible cover story requiring to make a correct substitution for a 'target' word which appears on several occasions during the story. This method seems to capture adequately the nature of prospective remembering and preclude the occurrence of ceiling, floor and practice effects in performance. By distinguishing late responses from on-time or successful prospective memory responses it also stresses the importance of taking into account the speed with which one recovers from his or her prospective memory failures. Finally, this task enables us to collect reliable and consistent quantitative measures of remembering intentions and to investigate a variety of methodologically and theoretically important problems. The results of Experiments 1a and 1b (Study 1) suggest that both the type of prospective memory task (main versus extra) and subjects' awareness of the phenomenon under investigation are important influences on performance. On the other hand, no effects of (1) a short 5-minute delay between prospective memory instruction and onset of background activity and (2) information about the frequency of target word were revealed (Study 2). The design of a popular experimental paradigm (Einstein and McDaniel, 1990) is examined in the light of these findings. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Microsatellite instability in colon cancer.

For some time after my article appeared, colleagues began to call the association Williams’s syndrome. Later, when direct upper and lower endoscopies became common practice, the association between gastrointestinal bleeding and aortic stenosis was ascribed to arteriovenous ectasias and similar vascular abnormalities presumably associated with aging, in the same vein as aortic stenosis. The observation by Vincentelli and coworkers only proves to me that if a physician lives long enough, a few things he or she has reported will turn out to be true.