Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: SV40 Co-opts Host Genome Maintenance Proteins to Replicate Viral DNA

Simian virus 40 (SV40) was discovered in 1960 as a contaminant in early polio vaccines. Its discovery coincided with an explosion of knowledge in the new field of molecular biology, and SV40 was quickly adopted as a model to study eukaryotic genome structure, expression, replication, and cell growth regulation in cultured cells [1]. With a genome of only 5.2 kbp, SV40 relies heavily on host cell machinery to propagate, affording investigators a powerful tool to discover key host proteins that the virus manipulates. Indeed, a single multifunctional viral protein, the large tumor (T) antigen (Tag) (Figure 1A), is sufficient to orchestrate the replication of the viral mini-chromosome in infected monkey cells [2], [3]. The origin DNA binding domain of Tag binds specifically to the viral origin of DNA replication, and the C-terminal helicase domain of Tag unwinds parental DNA at SV40 replication forks. The development of a cell-free reaction containing purified Tag and primate cell extract enabled the identification of ten evolutionarily conserved host proteins that are necessary and sufficient, together with Tag, to replicate SV40 DNA in vitro [3], [4]. Figure 1 Assembly and activation of the SV40 pre-replication complex in vitro.
The Role of the Striatum in Working Memory

iii Acknowledgements . iv 2 Organization of the thesis . 1 3 Introduction. 2 3.1 Working Memory and Its Implementation in the Brain . 2 3.2 The Role of the Striatum in Working Memory . 4 3.3 Motivation . 6 4 The Delayed Non-Match to Position Task (DNMP) . 10 4.
Role of Personality Characteristics and Family Communication Patterns in Predicting Couple Burnout among Employee in Iranian Oil Terminals Co

Couple burnout is a painfully physical, emotional and psychological exhaustion, consequences such as marital dissatisfaction and ultimately leads to divorce. The present study aimed to investigate of the Studying Personality Characteristics and the Role of Family Communication Patterns in Predicting Couple Burnout in Employees of Iranian Oil Terminals Company. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, correlational type, 200 employees were selected among married employees of Iranian oil Terminals Company.They were selected in a form of simple sampling randomly. They were tested with personality questionnaire, )NEO , Costa & McCrae), Family communications patterns questionnaire (Christensen & Sullaway) and couples burnout (Pines). For data analysis correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used. The result indicated that the except openness factor, other personality Characteristics had significant relation with couple burnout and this relation for Neuroticism was positive significant and for extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Were negative significant relation. The result also indicated that relationship between all Component communication patterns and couple burnout had significant relation and this relationship for mutual constructive communication was negative significant and for other three subscales were positive significant. The result also indicated mutual constructive communication pattern and, man Expectance / woman avoidance, woman Expectance / man avoidance predicted couple burnout. Neuroticism was the only attribute of the personality Characteristics that able to predicted couple burnout.
Distributed particle filtering in agent networks: A survey, classification, and comparison

Distributed particle filter (DPF) algorithms are sequential state estimation algorithms that are executed by a set of agents. Some or all of the agents perform local particle filtering and interact with other agents to calculate a global state estimate. DPF algorithms are attractive for large-scale, nonlinear, and non-Gaussian distributed estimation problems that often occur in applications involving agent networks (ANs). In this article, we present a survey, classification, and comparison of various DPF approaches and algorithms available to date. Our emphasis is on decentralized ANs that do not include a central processing or control unit.
Response to MacIntosh’s Review and Discussion of the Psychoanalytic Couple Therapy Journal Literature: A Self Psychological, Intersubjective Perspective

ABSTRACT After expressing my appreciation to Heather MacIntosh and highlighting her article’s significant contributions to the field, I comment briefly on some of the implications of her methodology and findings. I then elaborate on her summary of the history of the application of self psychology (Kohut, 1971) and intersubjective systems theory (Stolorow, Brandshaft, and Atwood, 1987) to couple therapy, highlighting the key contributions of both theories and describing the current state of the field.
Striatal dopaminergic markers in dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: rostrocaudal distribution.

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a neuropsychiatric disease associated with extrapyramidal features which differ from those of Parkinson's disease, including reduced effectiveness of L-dopa and severe sensitivity reactions to neuroleptic drugs. Distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from DLB is clinically relevant in terms of prognosis and appropriate treatment. Dopaminergic activities have been investigated at coronal levels along the rostrocaudal striatal axis from a post-mortem series of 25 DLB, 14 Parkinson's disease and 17 Alzheimer's disease patients and 20 elderly controls. [(3)H]Mazindol binding to the dopamine uptake site was significantly reduced in the caudal putamen in DLB compared with controls (57%), but not as extensively as in Parkinson's disease (75%), and was unchanged in Alzheimer's disease. Among three dopamine receptors measured (D1, D2 and D3), the most striking changes were apparent in relation to D2. In DLB, [(3)H]raclopride binding to D2 receptors was significantly reduced in the caudal putamen (17%) compared with controls, and was significantly lower than in Parkinson's disease at all levels. D2 binding was significantly elevated at all coronal levels in Parkinson's disease compared with controls, most extensively in the rostral putamen (71%). There was no change from the normal pattern of D2 binding in Alzheimer's disease. The only significant alteration in D1 binding ([(3)H]SCH23390) in the groups examined was an elevation (30%) in the caudal striatum in Parkinson's disease. There were no differences in D3 binding, measured using [(3)H]7-OH-DPAT, in DLB compared with controls. A slight, significant decrease in D3 binding in the caudal striatum of Parkinson's disease (13%) patients and an increase in Alzheimer's disease (20%) in the dorsal striatum at the level of the nucleus accumbens were found. The concentration and distribution of dopamine were disrupted in both DLB and Parkinson's disease, although in the caudate nucleus the loss of dopamine in DLB was uniform whereas in Parkinson's disease the loss was greater caudally. In the caudal putamen, dopamine was reduced by 72% in DLB and by 90% in Parkinson's disease. The homovanillic acid : dopamine ratio, a metabolic index, indicated compensatory increased turnover in Parkinson's disease, which was absent in DLB despite the loss of substantia nigra neurons (49%), dopamine and uptake sites. These differences between DLB, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease may explain some characteristics of the extrapyramidal features of DLB and its limited response to L-dopa and severe neuroleptic sensitivity. The distinct changes in the rostrocaudal pattern of expression of dopaminergic parameters are relevant to the interpretation of the in vivo imaging and diagnosis of DLB.
Exome sequencing identifies a novel and a recurrent BBS1 mutation in Pakistani families with Bardet-Biedl syndrome

Purpose To determine the genetic cause of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) in two consanguineous Pakistani families. Methods Clinical characterization of the affected individuals in both families was performed with ophthalmic examination, electroretinography, electrocardiography, and liver and renal profiling. Seventeen genes are known to be associated with BBS, so exome sequencing was preferred over candidate gene sequencing. One affected individual from both families was selected for exome sequencing. Segregation of the identified variants was confirmed with Sanger sequencing. Results Retinitis pigmentosa, obesity, and learning difficulties were present in the affected individuals in both families. In family A, a sixth finger (polydactyly) of the proband’s sister was removed by a surgical operation leaving a scar on the little finger. Polydactyly was also present in both affected individuals from family B. All diagnostic symptoms were characteristic of BBS in both families. In both affected individuals from family A, exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous mutation (c.47+1G>T) in BBS1 that inactivates the splice donor site at the end of exon 1. In family B, a previously reported mutation, c.442G>A; p.(Asp148Asn), was detected. Conclusions Exome sequencing is an efficient and cost-effective technique for identifying mutations in genetically heterogeneous diseases. In addition, intrafamilial phenotypic variability in family A argues for the modifying effect of other still unknown modifier alleles.
A Flow Graph Formulation of Optimal Software Pipelining

We present a new approach to the loop scheduling problem, which excels previous solutions in two important aspects: The resource constraints are formulated using flow graphs, and the initiation interval is treated as a rational variable. The approach supports heterogeneous processor architectures and pipelined functional units, and the Intege r Linear Programming implementation produces an optimum loop schedule, whereby a minimum is achieved. Our flow graph model facilitates the cyclic binding of loop operatio ns to functional units. Compared to previous research results , the solution can provide faster loop schedules and a significant reduction of the problem complexity and solution time.
The Enigmatic Marine Reptile Nanchangosaurus from the Lower Triassic of Hubei, China and the Phylogenetic Affinities of Hupehsuchia

The study of the holotype and of a new specimen of Nanchangosaurus suni (Reptilia; Diapsida; Hupehsuchia) revealed a suite of hitherto unrecognized characters. For example, Nanchangosaurus has bipartite neural spines and its vertebral count is nearly identical to that of Hupehsuchus. It differs from the latter in having poorly developed forelimbs despite the advanced ossification in the rest of the skeleton. Other differences all pertain to hupehsuchian plesiomorphies retained in Nanchangosaurus, such as low neural spines. The relationship of Hupehsuchia within Diapsida was analyzed based on a data matrix containing 41 taxa coded for 213 characters, of which 18 were identified as aquatic adaptations from functional inferences. These aquatic adaptations may be vulnerable to the argumentation of character homology because expectation for homoplasy is high. There is an apparent incongruence between phylogenetic signals from aquatic adaptations and the rest of the data, with aquatic adaptations favoring all marine reptiles but Helveticosaurus to form a super-clade. However, this super-clade does not obtain when aquatic adaptations were deleted, whereas individual marine reptile clades are all derived without them. We examined all possible combinations of the 18 aquatic adaptations (n = 262143) and found that four lineages of marine reptiles are recognized almost regardless of which of these features were included in the analysis: Hupehsuchia-Ichthyopterygia clade, Sauropterygia-Saurosphargidae clade, Thalattosauria, and Helveticosaurus. The interrelationships among these four depended on the combination of aquatic adaptations to be included, i.e., assumed to be homologous a priori by bypassing character argumentation. Hupehsuchia always appeared as the sister taxon of Ichthyopterygia.
Log-parabolic spectra and particle acceleration in blazars. III. SSC emission in the TeV band from Mkn 501

Curved broad-band spectral distributions of non-thermal sources like blazars are described well by a log-parabolic law where the second degree term measures the curvature. Log-parabolic energy spectra can be obtained for relativistic electrons by means of a statistical acceleration mechanism whose probability of acceleration depends on energy. In this paper we compute the spectra radiated by an electron population via synchrotron and Synchro-Self Compton processes to derive the relations between the log-parabolic parameters. These spectra were obtained by means of an accurate numerical code that takes the proper spectral distributions for single particle emission into account. We found that the ratio between the curvature parameters of the synchrotron spectrum to that of the electrons is equal to ∼0.2 instead of 0.25, the value foreseen in the δ-approximation. Inverse Compton spectra are also intrinsically curved and can be approximated by a log-parabola only in limited ranges. The curvature parameter, estimated around the SED peak, may vary from a lower value than that of the synchrotron spectrum up to that of emitting electrons depending on whether the scattering is in the Thomson or in the Klein-Nishina regime. We applied this analysis to computing the synchro-self Compton emission from the BL Lac object Mkn 501 during the large flare of April 1997. We fit simultaneous BeppoSAX and CAT data and reproduced intensities and spectral curvatures of both components with good accuracy. The large curvature observed in the TeV range was found to be mainly intrinsic, and therefore did not require a large pair production absorption against the extragalactic background. We regard this finding as an indication that the Universe is more transparent at these energies than previously assumed by several models found in the literature. This conclusion is supported by recent detection of two relatively high redshift blazars with HESS.
Transcritical shallow-water flow past topography: finite-amplitude theory

We consider shallow-water flow past a broad bottom ridge, localized in the flow direction, using the framework of the forced Su–Gardner (SG) system of equations, with a primary focus on the transcritical regime when the Froude number of the oncoming flow is close to unity. These equations are an asymptotic long-wave approximation of the full Euler system, obtained without a simultaneous expansion in the wave amplitude, and hence are expected to be superior to the usual weakly nonlinear Boussinesq-type models in reproducing the quantitative features of fully nonlinear shallow-water flows. A combination of the local transcritical hydraulic solution over the localized topography, which produces upstream and downstream hydraulic jumps, and unsteady undular bore solutions describing the resolution of these hydraulic jumps, is used to describe various flow regimes depending on the combination of the topography height and the Froude number. We take advantage of the recently developed modulation theory of SG undular bores to derive the main parameters of transcritical fully nonlinear shallow-water flow, such as the leading solitary wave amplitudes for the upstream and downstream undular bores, the speeds of the undular bores edges and the drag force. Our results confirm that most of the features of the previously developed description in the framework of the unidirectional forced Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) model hold up qualitatively for finite amplitude waves, while the quantitative description can be obtained in the framework of the bidirectional forced SG system. Our analytic solutions agree with numerical simulations of the forced SG equations within the range of applicability of these equations.
The Full Surplus Extraction Theorem with Hidden Actions

Consider a situation in which a principal commits to a mechanism first and then agents choose unobservable actions before their payoff-relevant types are realized. The agents' actions may affect not only their payoffs directly but also the distribution of their types as well. This paper extends Crémer and McLean's full surplus extraction theorem to such a setting. In this environment, it is shown that a principal may not succeed in extracting full surplus from agents when there are many actions to which the agents can deviate.However, it is also shown that a principal can extract full surplus generically given any approximately efficient (completely) mixed action profile. This is achieved by using a general mechanism where agents announce both their types and their realized actions. Therefore, with hidden actions, there is a big gap between exact full surplus extraction and approximate full surplus extraction.
SOME PERSPECTIVES OF E-GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT IN SLOVENIA

The information society has developed with differing levels of success in Western Europe and the United States, as well as in Eastern Europe. E-government – a significant element of the information society – has an important and leading role in some countries, while elsewhere it lags well behind the development level seen in the private sector, non-governmental organisations, and even among citizens. Different strategies and action plans have been adopted in many countries, with different results being achieved against a backdrop of optimistic forecasts and hopes. Though Slovenia has become a new member of the European Union, Slovenian public administration still retains many characteristics of the old political system and is attempting to successfully apply egovernment in practice, both in terms of back-office and front-office operations. Its development has been underway for just a few years, and includes some areas that match the national strategy and plans, and some areas that diverge from them. The Faculty of Administration has been monitoring this development for some years and adapting its range of measurements to take into account the actual state of development in both Slovenia and in more developed countries as well as the latest trends in e-government. This paper presents an overview of how e-government in Slovenia has developed since 1999 and uses specific indicators to provide a detailed look at individual areas of e-government. The methodology described is one of a number that have been used to evaluate e-government development. The indicators used to evaluate the infrastructure, back office and operations with businesses and citizens cover most of the supply side, while recently the indicators have been improved so as to include the demand side as well. The comparability of different evaluation methodologies is clearly of use and is therefore considered herein. Therefore, consideration is given to the eEurope project, the European Union's main evaluation system for e-government services, which covers 20 services. The overview of development over several years augments the detailed study of development today, which provides a sound basis for analysing the positives and negatives of progress to date within and outside the planned development strategies, in addition to providing clear findings on the effects and impacts. The results of the analysis offer ways of improving the e-government strategy and the present situation, and ways of adjusting the policy to achieve the desired final objective as quickly as possible. They also enable a cross-country comparison of e-government development.
ESTIMATION OF MISSING GIRLS AT BIRTH AND JUVENILE AGES IN INDIA

This paper has been commissioned by United Nations Population Fund – UNFPA and reviewed by a wider group of demographers and researchers prior to its finalisation. However, the views expressed and interpretation given in the paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of UNFPA. 1. Introduction It has long been observed that India's population shows an unusually masculine composition. This was generally attributed to higher mortality among females than males in contrast to what has been observed in the western world. However, since the 1990s, the young ages show greater masculinity than in the past and a steep rise in the sex ratio at birth has been observed. There is evidence that sex-selective abortions are widely practiced, facilitated by easy availability of the technology of pre-natal sex-detection and access to medical termination of pregnancy, at least in some parts of the country. This paper, therefore, seeks to provide estimates of the number of sex-selective abortions in the recent years. The analysis is primarily at the national level. However, estimates for Punjab, the state in which the practice of sex-selective abortions is known to be very widely prevalent, are given in the Appendix. Some discussion on regional variations is included in a later section without detailed estimates. It must be mentioned at the outset that this work does not address the social, economic, and institutional causes underlying the resort to sex-selective abortions or the sex-differences in mortality. For some recent Nor does it discuss the consequences of the imbalance caused by sex-selective abortions; these are quite well known. The focus is on estimating the magnitudes of missing girls and sex-selective abortions rather than the socioeconomic determinants.
Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Colorectal Neoplasm: Results from a Meta-Analysis

To investigate the relationship of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism to colorectal neoplasia (CRN), we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eligible studies were identified through a systematic literature review from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Science Citation Index up to February 2014. A combined analysis was performed, followed by a subgroup analyses stratified by the study design. We used data collected from 8 prospective studies involving respectively a total of 9243 participants and 4310 CRN cases which including 438 patients with colorectal adenoma (CRA), and 3873 patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The pooled data from this meta-analysis indicated there was no significant association between APOE polymorphism and CRN (ε2: P = 0.51, OR 1.04 95% CI 0.93 to 1.16; ε4: P = 0.72, OR 0.98 95% CI 0.90 to 1.07). Interestingly, subgroup analysis demonstrated there was a significant decreased risk for proximal CRN in patients with APOE ε4 (P = 0.0007, OR 0.52 95% CI 0.35 to 0.76). Data showed no significant association between APOE genotype and overall CRN. However, compared with those carry APOE ε3 alleles, persons with APOE ε4 genotype have significant decreased risk suffering from proximal CRN but not from distal CRN.
Human miR-221/222 in Physiological and Atherosclerotic Vascular Remodeling

A cluster of miR-221/222 is a key player in vascular biology through exhibiting its effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). These miRNAs contribute to vascular remodeling, an adaptive process involving phenotypic and behavioral changes in vascular cells in response to vascular injury. In proliferative vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, pathological vascular remodeling plays a prominent role. The miR-221/222 cluster controls development and differentiation of ECs but inhibits their proangiogenic activation, proliferation, and migration. miR-221/222 are primarily implicated in maintaining endothelial integrity and supporting quiescent EC phenotype. Vascular expression of miR-221/222 is upregulated in initial atherogenic stages causing inhibition of angiogenic recruitment of ECs and increasing endothelial dysfunction and EC apoptosis. In contrast, these miRNAs stimulate VSMCs and switching from the VSMC “contractile” phenotype to the “synthetic” phenotype associated with induction of proliferation and motility. In atherosclerotic vessels, miR-221/222 drive neointima formation. Both miRNAs contribute to atherogenic calcification of VSMCs. In advanced plaques, chronic inflammation downregulates miR-221/222 expression in ECs that in turn could activate intralesion neoangiogenesis. In addition, both miRNAs could contribute to cardiovascular pathology through their effects on fat and glucose metabolism in nonvascular tissues such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscles.