Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression and clinical significance of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction pathway in non-small cell lung carcinoma

The overactivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signal transduction pathway has been examined in various carcinomas and is reported to be significantly correlated with prognosis. However, little is known with regard to the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The present study investigated the expression of PI3K and phosphorylated (p)-Akt protein and its clinical significance in NSCLC. The clinical records of 157 patients with NSCLC (70 stage I–IIIA and 87 stage IIIB–IV cases), consisting of 75 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 82 cases of adenocarcinoma, together with 30 resected lung cancer tumor-adjacent tissue samples, were retrospectively evaluated. PI3K and p-Akt expression in the NSCLC and tumor-adjacent tissues were measured using an immunohistochemical method, and its correlation with the clinicopathological data and prognosis in advanced NSCLC was evaluated. PI3K and p-Akt expression was significantly higher in the cancer tissues (χ2=14.8455; P=0.001) than in the tumor-adjacent tissues (χ2=14.2615; P=0.001). The overexpression of p-Akt in stage I–IIIA NSCLC was associated with lymph node metastasis (χ2=6.1189; P=0.013) and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (χ2=8.9752; P=0.011), however, no correlation was observed with gender, age, pathological type and histological grade. The overexpression of p-Akt in stage IIIB–IV NSCLC was only associated with TNM stage (χ2=5.7501; P=0.016), and no correlation was observed with gender, age, pathological type, histological grade and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS). The overexpression of PI3K was not found to correlate with the aforementioned clinicopathological variables in all patients. Survival was significantly improved in advanced NSCLC with PI3K- and p-Akt-negative expression compared with PI3K- and p-Akt-positive expression [P13K: 17.70 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 15.11–20.28 months) vs. 13.43 months (95% CI, 11.83–15.02 months); P=0.004; and p-Akt: 17.13 months (95% CI, 14.93–19.34 months) vs. 13.07 months (95% CI, 11.32–14.82 months); P=0.007]. Multivariate analysis showed that PI3K [hazard ratio (HR)=2.143; 95% CI, 1.211–3.790; P=0.009], p-Akt (HR=1.991; 95% CI, 1.009–3.927; P=0.047), TNM stage (HR=4.788; 95% CI, 2.591–8.848; P=0.001) and ECOG-PS (HR=3.272; 95% CI, 1.701–6.296; P=0.001) were independent predictors for survival in stage IIIB–IV NSCLC. These results indicated that p-Akt overexpression closely correlates with factors of an unfavorable prognosis in NSCLC. PI3K and p-Akt overexpression are independent markers of a poor prognosis in advanced NSCLC.
SPEADING IN SOCIAL NETWORKS

We proposed a new model, which capture the main difference between information and opinion spreading in social networks. In the case of information spreading additional exposure to certain information has a small effect. Contrary, when an actor is exposed to 2 opinioned actors the probability to adopt the opinion is significant higher than in the case of contact with one such actor (called by J. Kleinberg "the 0-1-2 effect"). In each time step if an actor does not have an opinion, we randomly choose 2 his network neighbors. If one of them has an opinion, the actor adopts opinion with some low probability, if two – with a higher probability. Opinion spreading was simulated on different real world social networks and similar random scale-free networks. The results show that small world structure has a crucial impact on tipping point time. The "0-1-2" effect causes a significant difference between ability of the actors to start opinion spreading. Actor is an influencer according to his topological position in the network
Autonomous flight in unstructured and unknown indoor environments

This paper presents our solution for enabling a quadrotor helicopter, equipped with a laser rangefinder sensor, to autonomously explore and map unstructured and unknown indoor environments. While these capabilities are already commodities on ground vehicles, air vehicles seeking the same performance face unique challenges. In this paper, we describe the difficulties in achieving fully autonomous helicopter flight, highlighting the differences between ground and helicopter robots that make it difficult to use algorithms developed for ground robots. We then describe our solutions to the key problems, including a multi-level sensing and control hierarchy, a high-speed laser scan-matching algorithm, EKF data fusion, and a high-level SLAM implementation. Finally, we show experimental results that illustrate the helicopter’s ability to navigate accurately and autonomously in unknown environments.
The Cure Can Be Worse than the Disease: A Cautionary Tale Regarding Instrumental Variables

In this paper we draw attention to two problems associated with the use of instrumental variables (IV) whose importance for empirical work has not been fully appreciated. First, using potential instruments that explain little of the variation in the: endogenous explanatory variables can lead to large inconsistencies of the IV estimates even If only a weal
Oxygen and carbon isoscapes for the Baltic Sea: Testing their applicability in fish migration studies

Abstract Conventional tags applied to individuals have been used to investigate animal movement, but these methods require tagged individuals be recaptured. Maps of regional isotopic variability known as “isoscapes” offer potential for various applications in migration research without tagging wherein isotope values of tissues are compared to environmental isotope values. In this study, we present the spatial variability in oxygen (δ18OH2O) and dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13 CDIC) isotope values of Baltic Sea water. We also provide an example of how these isoscapes can reveal locations of individual animal via spatial probability surface maps, using the high‐resolution salmon otolith isotope data from salmon during their sea‐feeding phase in the Baltic Sea. A clear latitudinal and vertical gradient was found for both δ18OH2O and δ13 CDIC values. The difference between summer and winter in the Baltic Sea δ18OH2O values was only slight, whereas δ13 CDIC values exhibited substantial seasonal variability related to algal productivity. Salmon otolith δ18Ooto and δ13Coto values showed clear differences between feeding areas and seasons. Our example demonstrates that dual isotope approach offers great potential for estimating probable fish habitats once issues in model parameterization have been resolved.
Pip, a Novel Activator of Phenazine Biosynthesis in Pseudomonas chlororaphisPCL1391

ABSTRACT Secondary metabolites are important factors for interactions between bacteria and other organisms. Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 produces the antifungal secondary metabolite phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) that inhibits growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radius lycopersici the causative agent of tomato foot and root rot. Our previous work unraveled a cascade of genes regulating the PCN biosynthesis operon, phzABCDEFGH. Via a genetic screen, we identify in this study a novel TetR/AcrR regulator, named Pip (phenazine inducing protein), which is essential for PCN biosynthesis. A combination of a phenotypical characterization of a pip mutant, in trans complementation assays of various mutant strains, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays identified Pip as the fifth DNA-binding protein so far involved in regulation of PCN biosynthesis. In this regulatory pathway, Pip is positioned downstream of PsrA (Pseudomonas sigma factor regulator) and the stationary-phase sigma factor RpoS, while it is upstream of the quorum-sensing system PhzI/PhzR. These findings provide further evidence that the path leading to the expression of secondary metabolism gene clusters in Pseudomonas species is highly complex.
Analysis of Choroidal Thickness Change after 25-Gauge Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane with or without Phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens Implantation

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate choroidal thickness modifications before and after vitrectomy with or without phacoemulsification for idiopathic epiretinal membrane in the operated eye and in the unaffected fellow eye. Methods: In total, 53 eyes of 53 patients underwent 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy plus internal limiting membrane peeling and air tamponade. Twenty-seven eyes underwent combined surgery with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Choroidal thickness was measured using enhanced deep image spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at the fovea and at 500 and 2,500 µm from the fovea. Fellow eyes without any previous ocular surgery history served as controls. Results: Baseline comparison did not show significant differences between study and fellow eyes (p > 0.05). Choroidal thickness significantly decreased in the subfoveal area (p = 0.004) as well as at 500 µm (p = 0.026) and 2,500 µm nasally (p = 0.019) and at 500 µm (p = 0.039) and 2,500 µm (p = 0.005) temporally to the fovea. No significant changes were observed postoperatively in the superior and inferior areas (p > 0.05). No differences were found between eyes which underwent combined surgery and those which underwent vitrectomy alone (p > 0.05). The unaffected eyes did not show any significant changes (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Comparison of baseline values did not show any differences between affected and unaffected eyes, meaning that choroidal thickness was not influenced by the development of epiretinal membrane. Vitrectomy plus epiretinal and inner limiting membrane removal may influence choroidal homeostasis, leading to a decrease in choroidal thickness in the subfoveal, nasal, and temporal areas. Combined surgery did not show significant differences when compared to vitrectomy alone.
Das erweiterte LUBO-Schultraining in der Förderschule: Evaluation einer indizierten Präventionsmaßnahme in der Primarstufe der Förderschule

Bereits bestehende psychische Auffalligkeiten von Kindern in der Forderschule schon zu Beginn ihrer Schullaufbahn machen eine gezielte Forderung emotional-sozialer Kompetenzen dringend notwendig. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit des erweiterten, indizierten „Lubo“-Praventionsprogramms bei 225 Kindern mit sonderpadagogischem Forderbedarf in den Bereichen der Lern- und Entwicklungsstorungen evaluiert. Zur Uberprufung der Effekte des Programms in der indizierten Pravention, wurde eine summative Evaluation mit Pra- , Post- und Follow-Up-Messung (nach drei Monaten) in den Bereichen (1) sozial erwunschte Verhaltensweisen (emotional-soziale Kompetenzen), (2) sozial unerwunschte Verhaltensweisen (Problembelastung), (3) kognitive Leistungsfahigkeit, schulische Fertigkeiten und intellektuelles Leistungspotenzial durchgefuhrt. Die Uberprufung der Effekte erfolgte mittels t-Test und multifaktorieller Varianzanalyse. Die Ergebnisse zeigen Zuwachse bei den emotional-sozialen Kompetenzen und den schulischen Fertigkeiten sowie Ruckgange von problematischen Verhaltensweisen. (DIPF/Orig.) In the first years of school, pre-existing mental behavioral problems of children in special education schools make a specific promotion of social and emotional skills urgently necessary. To test the effectiveness of the extended Lubo training in the use for children with special educational needs in the areas of learning and behavioral disorders, the training was evaluated in a study with 225 pupils in special education schools (EBD/LD). To quantify the effectiveness of the program in the indicated prevention, a summative evaluation with pre, post and three-month follow-up in the areas: (1) socially desirable behaviors (emotional-social skills), (2) socially undesirable behaviors (at-risk behavior), (3) academic skills and potential of intellectual performance was performed. To verify the effects, t-tests and multifactorial analyses of variance were used. The summative evaluation pointed out effects in the outcome areas of emotional-social skills, academic skills and reduction of behavior disorders. (DIPF/Orig.)
Cognition, evolution, and behavior

1. Cognition, Evolution and the Study of Behavior 1.1 Cognition and Consciousness 1.2 Kinds of Explanation of Behavior 1.3 Approaches to Comparative Cognition 1.4 Testing Adaptive/Evolutionary Explanations 1.5 Evolution and Cognition 1.6 Summary 2. Perception and Attention 2.1 Specialized Sensory Systems 2.2 How Can We Find Out What Animals Perceive? 2.3 Some Psychophisical Principles 2.4 Signal Detection Theory 2.5 Perception and Evolution 2.6 Perceiving Objects 2.7 Attention 2.8 Summary 3. Learning: A Framework and Its Application to Pavlovian Conditioning 3.1 General Processes and Adaptive Specializations 3.2 A Framework for Thinking About Learning 3.3 When Will Learning Evolve? 3.4 Pavlovian Conditioning 3.5 Varieties of Associative Learning 3.6 Summary 4. Simple Recognition Learning 4.1 Habituation 4.2 Perceptual Learning 4.3 Imprinting 4.4 Recognition and Altruism 5. Discrimination and Classification 5.1 Introduction: Three Examples 5.2 Untrained Responses to Natural Stimuli 5.3 Classifying Complex Natural Stimuli 5.4 Discrimination Learning 5.5 Category Discrimination and Concepts 5.6 Summary and Conclusions 6. Memory 6.1 The Issues 6.2 Methods for Studying Memory in Animals 6.3 Conditions for Memory 6.4 Species Differences in Memory 6.5 Contents of Memory 6.6 Summary and Conclusions 7. Getting Around 7.1 Mechanisms for Spatial Orientation 7.2 How is Spatial Information Integrated? Modularity and Averaging 7.3 Do Animals Have Cognitive Maps? 7.4 Acquiring Spatial Knowledge: The Conditions for Learning 7.5 Summary and Conclusions 8. Timing and Counting 8.1 Circadian Rhythms 8.2 Characteristics of Interval Timing 8.3 Theories of Interval Timing 8.4 Do Animals Count? 8.5 Summary 9. Foraging and Measuring Rate 9.1 Introduction 9.2 How Individuals Choose Patches 9.3 Choosing Patches With a Group 9.4 Leaving Depleting Patches 9.5 Choosing Prey 9.6 Assessing Risk 9.7 Summary 10. Learning From Others 10.1 The Behavioral Ecology of Social Learning 10.2 Mechanisms for Social Learning 10.3 Vocal Imitation: Bird Song Learning 10.4 Tool Use and Teaching 10.5 Putting It All Together 11. Cognitive Ethology and the Evolution of Mind 11.1 Cognitive Ethology 11.2 Intentions, Intentionality, and the Intentional Stance 11.3 Monkey in the Mirror 11.4 Theory of Mind 11.5 The Social Theory of Intellect and Evolutionary Psychology 11.6 Whither Cognitive Ethology 12. Communication and Language 12.1 Approaches to Studying Communication 12.2 Some Natural Communication Systems 12.3 Trying to Teach Human Language to Other Species 12.4 Overview 13. Summing Up and Looking Ahead 13.1 Modularity and the Animal Mind 13.2 How Does Cognition Evolve? 13.3 Anthropomorphism and Representational Explanations 13.4 Synthesizing the Ecological and Anthropocentric Program
CV Coarticulation in Yoruba - A Tonal Language

The combinatorial interaction of suprasegmental and contextually induced segmental variations has been shown to produce independent coarticulatory effects. This study extended the locus equation (LE) methodology for the first time to a tonal language, Yoruba, in order to document how variations in tone might interact with CV coarticulation and to understand the patterning of its 4 voiced stops. Tonal variation did not produce significant alterations to F2onset values and hence does not serve as a phonetic factor leading to coarticulatory variation. LEs did show distinct categorical patterning for the voiced labio-velar stop /gb/ in Yoruba.
Practical Signal Recovery from Random Projections

Can we recover a signal f 2 R N from a small number of linear measurements? A series of recent papers developed a collection of results showing that it is surprisingly possible to reconstruct certain types of signals accurately from limited measurements. In a nutshell, suppose that f is compressible in the sense that it is well-approximated by a linear combination of M vectors taken from a known basis . Then not knowing anything in advance about the signal, f can (very nearly) be recovered from about M logN generic nonadaptive measurements only. The recovery procedure is concrete and consists in solving a simple convex optimization program. In this paper, we show that these ideas are of practical significance. Inspired by theoretical developments, we propose a series of practical recovery procedures and test them on a series of signals and images which are known to be well approximated in wavelet bases. We demonstrate empirically that it is possible to recover an object from about 3M ‐5M projections onto generically chosen vectors with the same accuracy as the ideal M -term wavelet approximation. We briefly discuss possible implications in the areas of data compression and medical imaging.
An evidence-based analysis of surgical interventions for uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

PURPOSE To evaluate the various surgical interventions available for uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. METHODS Reports of controlled clinical trials of surgical interventions (pneumatic retinopexy, scleral buckling and vitrectomy) for uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment indexed in MEDLINE from 1968 to January 2006 were included. The primary outcomes evaluated included single-operation reattachment rates, multiple reoperation reattachment rates and improvements in visual acuity (VA). RESULTS We found five controlled trials (two randomized) comparing the efficacy of pneumatic retinopexy versus scleral buckling. The single-operation reattachment rates were higher for scleral buckling, but the final reattachment rates were similar. We found nine controlled trials (four randomized) evaluating vitrectomy. There were no statistically significant differences between retinal reattachment rates or final visual acuities, except in one randomized and one non-randomized controlled trial in which the VAs were significantly better in the vitrectomy than the scleral buckling group. CONCLUSIONS Pneumatic retinopexy is a possible alternative to scleral buckling in the treatment of uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The rates of missed or new retinal breaks after pneumatic retinopexy, however, are higher than following scleral buckling. The clinical outcomes of vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment compare favourably.
Perfectionism, engagement and burnout in youth sport and dance: A self-determination theory perspective

Recently researchers have found that indicators of perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns share divergent relationships with athlete burnout. To extend this research the thesis examined whether self-determination theory could help to explain these divergent relationships. The first study suggested that the positive association between perfectionistic concerns and athlete burnout was explained, in part, by controlled motivation. In contrast, the inverse association between perfectionistic strivings and athlete burnout was explained, in part, by autonomous motivation. Building on study one, the second study of the thesis examined whether perfectionistic concerns and perfectionistic strivings also shared divergent associations with athlete engagement, and whether basic psychological needs could explain these associations. The study two findings suggested that perfectionistic concerns and perfectionistic strivings did share opposing associations with athlete engagement. Moreover, the positive perfectionistic strivings-engagement and inverse perfectionistic concerns-engagement associations were explained by basic psychological need satisfaction and thwarting. In addition, the positive perfectionistic concerns-burnout and inverse perfectionistic strivings-burnout associations were also mediated by basic psychological need satisfaction and thwarting. Study three built on the first two studies by examining how perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns predicted self-conscious emotions on a day-to-day basis. The study three findings suggested that perfectionistic concerns predicted reduced pride, increased shame and guilt, and greater emotional instability; whereas perfectionistic strivings did not significantly predict self-conscious emotions. The fourth study examined how parents and dance tutors moderate dancers’ perfectionism. The study four findings advanced previous research in sport and dance by demonstrating that parental conditional regard strengthened the positive association between perfectionistic concerns and ill being in youth dancers. Together the studies suggested that perfectionistic concerns and perfectionistic strivings share opposing relationships with well-being and ill-being outcomes in youth sport and dance and that self-determination theory provides a theoretical lens through which to understand these relationships.
Bulk tank milk somatic cell count as an indicator of the hygiene status of primary milk production

The objective was to clarify the association between bulk tank milk somatic cell count (BTSCC) and total bacterial count (BTTBC) and coliform bacteria count (BTCBC) in a large set of data based on the currently accepted legal limit of BTSCC=400000/ml. We analysed the database obtained from one of four laboratories offering routine estimation of microbiological indicators and counts of somatic cells in bulk tank milk samples in the Czech Republic during the year 2003 (74174; 73921 and 33020 records of BTSCC, BTTBC and BTCBC estimations, respectively, in milk from 2769 suppliers). Raw data of BTSCC (with arithmetic mean 220000/ml; 95th percentile=502000/ml; 99th percentile=784000/ml) indicated that the BTSCC limit was exceeded in 12% of samples. BTSCC did not sufficiently reflect the hygiene status of particular producing herds because correlation coefficients between bulk tank milk somatic cell score (BTSCS) and log BTTBC or log BTCBC were low. Categorization of herds according to the percentage of records exceeding the BTSCC limit gave significantly higher correlation coefficients for the association between this characteristic and log BTTBC or log BTCBC (r=0·84 and r=0·68, respectively). The percentage of records exceeding the BTSCC limit was a useful tool to highlight problem herds kept in inadequate hygienic conditions in primary milk production. Likewise, the value of BTSCS>5 seemed to be a useful tool for the discrimination of problem herds.
June 2003 ENRICHING A THEORY OF WAGE AND PROMOTION DYNAMICS INSIDE FIRMS

In previous work we showed that a model that integrates job assignment, human-capital acquisition, and learning can explain several empirical findings concerning wage and promotion dynamics inside firms. In this paper we extend that model in two ways. First, we incorporate schooling into the model and derive a number of testable implications that we then compare with the available empirical evidence. Second, and more important, we show that introducing “task-specific” human capital allows us to produce cohort effects (i.e., the finding that a cohort that enters a firm at a low wage will continue to earn below-average wages years later). We argue that task-specific human capital is a realistic concept and may have many important implications. We also discuss limitations of our (extended) approach.