Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prefrontal cortex fMRI signal changes are correlated with working memory load

WE investigated whether a nonspatial working memory (WM) task would activate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and whether activation would be correlated with WM load. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we measured regional brain signal changes in 12 normal subjects performing a continuous performance, choice reaction time task that requires WM. A high WM load condition was compared with a non-WM choice reaction time control condition (WM effect) and a low WM load condition (load effect). Significant changes in signal intensity occurred in the DLPFC, frontal motor regions and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in both comparisons. These findings support the role of DLPFC and IPS in WM and suggest that signal changes in DLPFC correlate with WM load.
Clinical COPD phenotypes: a novel approach using principal component and cluster analyses

Classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is usually based on the severity of airflow limitation, which may not reflect phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we sought to identify COPD phenotypes using multiple clinical variables. COPD subjects recruited in a French multicentre cohort were characterised using a standardised process. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using eight variables selected for their relevance to COPD: age, cumulative smoking, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (% predicted), body mass index, exacerbations, dyspnoea (modified Medical Research Council scale), health status (St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire) and depressive symptoms (hospital anxiety and depression scale). Patient classification was performed using cluster analysis based on PCA-transformed data. 322 COPD subjects were analysed: 77% were male; median (interquartile range) age was 65.0 (58.0–73.0) yrs; FEV1 was 48.9 (34.1–66.3)% pred; and 21, 135, 107 and 59 subjects were classified in Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. PCA showed that three independent components accounted for 61% of variance. PCA-based cluster analysis resulted in the classification of subjects into four clinical phenotypes that could not be identified using GOLD classification. Importantly, subjects with comparable airflow limitation (FEV1) belonged to different phenotypes and had marked differences in age, symptoms, comorbidities and predicted mortality. These analyses underscore the need for novel multidimensional COPD classification for improving patient care and quality of clinical trials.
FEACAN: Front-end acceleration for content-aware network processing

Modern networks are increasingly becoming content aware to improve data delivery and security via content-based network processing. Content-aware processing at the front end of distributed network systems, such as application identification for datacenter load-balancers and deep packet inspection for security gateways, is more challenging due to the wire-speed and low-latency requirement. Existing work focuses on algorithm-level solutions while lacking system-level design to meet the critical requirement for front-end content processing. In this paper, we propose a system-level solution named FEACAN for front-end acceleration of content-aware network processing. FEACAN employs a software-hardware co-design supporting both signature matching and regular expression matching for content-aware network processing. A two-dimensional DFA compression algorithm is designed to reduce the memory usage and a hardware lookup engine is proposed for high-performance lookup. Experimental results show that FEACAN achieves better performance than existing work in terms of processing speed, resource utilization, and update time.
C -class functions and fixed point theorems for generalized α−η−ψ−φ−F− contraction type mappings in α−η− complete metric spaces

In this paper, we introduce the concept of generalized α-η-ψ-φ-F -contraction type mappings where ψ is the altering distance function and φ is the ultra altering distance function. The unique fixed point theorems for such mappings in the setting of α-η-complete metric spaces are proven. We also assure the fixed point theorems in partially ordered metric spaces. Moreover, the solution of the integral equation is obtained using our main result. c ©2016 All rights reserved.
Children's Processing of Ambiguous Sentences: A Study of Relative Clause Attachment

In this study, we investigate children's and adults' relative clause attachment preferences in sentences such as The student photographed the fan of the actress who was looking happy. Twenty-nine 6- to 7-year-old monolingual English children and 37 adult native speakers of English participated both in an auditory questionnaire study and in an online, self-paced listening experiment. Whereas the adult group's attachment preferences were influenced by the type of preposition joining the 2 potential antecedent noun phrases (NPs) (of vs. with), children's online attachment preferences varied depending on their listening span: Children with a relatively high listening span showed a preference for NP1 attachment irrespective of the type of preposition involved, whereas the children with a low span showed a general tendency toward NP2 disambiguation. We argue that (i) when resolving modifier attachment ambiguities during online processing, children primarily rely on structural information and (ii) the observed differences between children and adults, as well as those found between the two span groups, reflect working memory differences rather than differences in the parser.
Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. II. Scaling Relations at z = 0.36

We use high-resolution images obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on board the Hubble Space Telescope to determine morphology, nuclear luminosity, and structural parameters of the spheroidal component for a sample of 20 Seyfert galaxies at z = 0.36. We combine these measurements with spectroscopic information from the Keck Telescope to determine the black hole mass-spheroid luminosity relation (MBH-LB), the fundamental plane (FP) of the host galaxies, and the black hole mass-spheroid velocity dispersion relation (MBH-σ). The FP is consistent with that of inactive spheroids at comparable redshifts. Assuming pure luminosity evolution, we find that the host spheroids had smaller luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion than today for a fixed MBH. The offsets correspond to Δ log LB,0 = 0.40 ± 0.11 ± 0.15 (Δ log MBH = 0.51 ± 0.14 ± 0.19) and Δ log σ = 0.13 ± 0.03 ± 0.05 (Δ log MBH = 0.54 ± 0.12 ± 0.21), respectively, for the MBH-L and MBH-σ relations (the double error bars indicate random and systematic uncertainties, respectively). A detailed analysis of known systematic errors and selection effects shows that they cannot account for the observed offset. We conclude that the data are inconsistent with pure luminosity evolution and the existence of universal and tight scaling relations. In order to obey the three local scaling relations by z = 0, assuming no significant black hole growth, the distant spheroids have to grow their stellar mass by approximately 60% (Δ log Msph = 0.20 ± 0.14) in the next 4 billion years, while preserving their size and holding their stellar mass-to-light ratio approximately constant. The measured evolution can be expressed as MBH/Msph ∝ (1 + z)1.5±1.0, consistent with black holes of a few × 108 M☉ completing their growth before their host galaxies. Based on the disturbed morphologies of a fraction of the sample (6/20), we suggest collisional mergers with disk-dominated systems as the physical mechanism driving the evolution.
A novel genetic algorithm based on immunity

A novel algorithm, the immune genetic algorithm (IGA), is proposed based on the theory of immunity in biology which mainly constructs an immune operator accomplished by two steps: 1) a vaccination and 2) an immune selection. IGA proves theoretically convergent with probability 1. Strategies and methods of selecting vaccines and constructing an immune operator are also given. IGA is illustrated to be able to restrain the degenerate phenomenon effectively during the evolutionary process with examples of TSP, and can improve the searching ability and adaptability, greatly increase the convergence rate.
A general framework for the optimization of energy harvesting communication systems with battery imperfections

Energy harvesting has emerged as a powerful technology for complementing current battery-powered communication systems in order to extend their lifetime. In this paper a general framework is introduced for the optimization of communication systems in which the transmitter is able to harvest energy from its environment. Assuming that the energy arrival process is known non-causally at the transmitter, the structure of the optimal transmission scheme, which maximizes the amount of transmitted data by a given deadline, is identified. Our framework includes models with continuous energy arrival as well as battery constraints. A battery that suffers from energy leakage is studied further, and the optimal transmission scheme is characterized for a constant leakage rate.
Reliability and Factor Structure of the Chinese Version of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-short Form in in Patients with Substance Use Disorder

目的：簡式兒時創傷問卷是目前最廣泛被用來評估多面向兒時創傷經驗的問卷，已有多種語言版本的簡式兒童創傷問卷經過信效度分析，本研究目的為針對此中文化問卷進行問卷內容的信度分析以及結構分析。 方法：以160 位物質濫用個案為樣本，進行簡式兒時創傷問卷測量，並在首次施測二至三周後，進行再次問卷測量。 針對問卷資料進行信效度分析，以Cronbach α 數值，檢測內部信度，以 intraclass correlation coefficient 數值，檢測再測信度。 並以驗證性因素分析與探索式因素分析分別進行問卷的因素結構分析。 結果：本研究共招募160 位物質濫用病人。 問卷分析結果顯示中文版兒時創傷量表簡版有良好的內在一致性（Cronbach's α 數值在0. 574-0.895 之間）與再測信度（intraclass correlation coefficient 數值在0. 674-0.852 之間）。 驗證性分析顯示在身體忽略之次分項上，有較低的因素負荷量。 探索式因素分析驗證了原先問卷的五個層面的次分項，另探索性分析顯示某些題目有交叉負荷量。 結論：本研究中的中文版兒時創傷量表簡版在物質濫用個案具有良好之信效度，可用以評估兒時創傷經驗。 另外中文問卷結果與先前文獻一致，顯示身體忽略此次分項在信效度上相對而言較為不穩定。
Vagal cardiopulmonary reflexes after total cardiac deafferentation.

BACKGROUND There are conflicting data regarding whether the primary source of afferent input for the vagal cardiopulmonary reflex emanates from receptors located in the ventricles, atria, and/or lungs. This study evaluated the effects of total cardiac deafferentation on the reflex control of efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in response to a stimulus that affected all vagal receptors in the cardiopulmonary region. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments were performed in 14 chloralose-anesthetized dogs with sinoaortic denervation. Reflex control of RSNA in response to blood volume expansion was measured before and after interruption of cardiac vagal afferents by pericardial lidocaine (PL). Reflex sensitivity (% change in RSNA/mm Hg change in left atrial pressure) was markedly attenuated after PL (pre, -10.9+/-2.2; post, -1.6+/-0. 6; P=0.002). RSNA responses to intracoronary nicotine and left atrial balloon inflation were abolished after PL, confirming that cardiac afferents were interrupted. RSNA responses to lung inflation were not affected by PL, indicating that pulmonary afferents remained intact. In 8 experiments, reflex sensitivity values returned to baseline levels after the effects of PL had worn off. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the heart provides the primary source of afferent input for the control of sympathetic outflow by the vagal cardiopulmonary reflex during changes in thoracic blood volumes and pressures.
Efficient cohesive subgraphs detection in parallel

A cohesive subgraph is a primary vehicle for massive graph analysis, and a newly introduced cohesive subgraph, k-truss, which is motivated by a natural observation of social cohesion, has attracted more and more attention. However, the existing parallel solutions to identify the k-truss are inefficient for very large graphs, as they still suffer from huge communication cost and large number of iterations during the computation. In this paper, we propose a novel parallel and efficient truss detection algorithm, called PeTa. The PeTa produces a triangle complete subgraph (TC-subgraph) for every computing node. Based on the TC-subgraphs, PeTa can detect the local k-truss in parallel within a few iterations. We theoretically prove, within this new paradigm, the communication cost of PeTa is bounded by three times of the number of triangles, the total computation complexity of PeTa is the same order as the best known serial algorithm and the number of iterations for a given partition scheme is minimized as well. Furthermore, we present a subgraph-oriented model to efficiently express PeTa in parallel graph computing systems. The results of comprehensive experiments demonstrate, compared with the existing solutions, PeTa saves 2X to 19X in communication cost, reduces 80% to 95% number of iterations and improves the overall performance by 80% across various real-world graphs.
SteadyFlow: Spatially Smooth Optical Flow for Video Stabilization

We propose a novel motion model, SteadyFlow, to represent the motion between neighboring video frames for stabilization. A SteadyFlow is a specific optical flow by enforcing strong spatial coherence, such that smoothing feature trajectories can be replaced by smoothing pixel profiles, which are motion vectors collected at the same pixel location in the SteadyFlow over time. In this way, we can avoid brittle feature tracking in a video stabilization system. Besides, SteadyFlow is a more general 2D motion model which can deal with spatially-variant motion. We initialize the SteadyFlow by optical flow and then discard discontinuous motions by a spatial-temporal analysis and fill in missing regions by motion completion. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our stabilization on real-world challenging videos.
THE OFFSET AND HOST LIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS OF LONG GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: A NEW VIEW FROM HST OBSERVATIONS OF SWIFT BURSTS

We present the results of an extensive Hubble Space Telescope imaging study of 105, mostly Swift, long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) spanning 0.03 ≲ z ≲ 9.4 ? > , which were localized using relative astrometry from ground- and space-based afterglow observations. We measure the distribution of LGRB offsets from their host centers and their relation to the underlying host light distribution. We find that the host-normalized offsets of LGRBs are more centrally concentrated than expected for an exponential disk profile, ⟨ R / R h ⟩ ? > = 0.63, and in particular they are more concentrated than the underlying surface brightness profiles of their host galaxies and more concentrated than supernovae. The fractional flux distribution, with a median of 0.78, indicates that LGRBs prefer some of the brightest locations in their host galaxies but are not as strongly correlated as previous studies indicated. Importantly, we find a clear correlation between offset and fractional flux, where bursts at offsets R / R h ≲ 0.5 ? > exclusively occur at fractional fluxes ≳ 0.6 ? > , while bursts at R / R h ≳ 0.5 ? > have a uniform fractional flux distribution. This indicates that the spatial correlation of LGRBs with bright star-forming regions seen in the full sample is dominated by the contribution from bursts at small offset and that LGRBs in the outer parts of galaxies show no preference for unusually bright regions. We conclude that LGRBs strongly prefer the bright, inner regions of their hosts, indicating that the star formation taking place there is more favorable for LGRB progenitor production. This indicates that environmental factors beyond metallicity, such as binary interactions or IMF differences, may operate in the central regions of LGRB hosts.
Did Radio RTLM Really Contribute Meaningfully to the Rwandan Genocide?: Using Qualitative Information to Improve Causal Inference from Measures of Media Availability

ABSTRACT Recent research has employed estimates of media exposure to explore the relationship between information disseminated ‘from above’ and political violence. I argue that those methods involve a potential pitfall, i.e., the possibility that the variable that they measure, media availability, is an inadequate proxy for media consumption, the actual variable of interest. I further argue that researchers often cannot be confident that that proxy is a valid one unless they have a deep qualitative understanding of media consumption habits of the population under study. I illustrate that concern by examining recent research on genocide in Rwanda.
Micro Data and Macro Technology

We develop a framework to estimate the aggregate capital‐labor elasticity of substitution by aggregating the actions of individual plants. The aggregate elasticity reflects substitution within plants and reallocation across plants; the extent of heterogeneity in capital intensities determines their relative importance. We use micro data on the cross‐section of plants to build up to the aggregate elasticity at a point in time. Interpreting our econometric estimates through the lens of several different models, we find that the aggregate elasticity for the U.S. manufacturing sector is in the range of 0.5–0.7, and has declined slightly since 1970. We use our estimates to measure the bias of technical change and assess the decline in labor's share of income in the U.S. manufacturing sector. Mechanisms that rely on changes in the relative supply of factors, such as an acceleration of capital accumulation, cannot account for the decline.
Evaluating capacities of bosonic Gaussian channels

We show how to compute or at least to estimate various capacity-related quantities for bosonic Gaussian channels. Among these are the coherent information, the entanglement-assisted classical capacity, the one-shot classical capacity, and a quantity involving the transpose operation, shown to be a general upper bound on the quantum capacity, even allowing for finite errors. All bounds are explicitly evaluated for the case of a one-mode channel with attenuation or amplification and classical noise.
On Influence of Line Segmentation in Efficient Word Segmentation in Old Manuscripts

The objective of this work is to show the importance of a good line segmentation to obtain better results in the segmentation of words of historical documents. We have used the approach developed by Manmatha and Rothfeder to segment words in old handwritten documents. In their work the lines of the documents are extracted using projections. In this work, we have developed an approach to segment lines more efficiently. The new line segmentation algorithm tackles with skewed, touching and noisy lines, so it is significantly improves word segmentation. Experiments using Spanish documents from the Marriages Database of the Barcelona Cathedral show that this approach reduces the error rate by more than 20%.
Response of Warm-water Fish to Road Crossings on Ouachita Mountain Streams

Low-water bridges are a common and economical way to ford unimproved roads in forested upland ecosystems. We initiated a study to measure the influence of these road crossings on fish movement and fish communities. We established three sample sites in each of six upland &ibutaries of the Ouachita River, Arkansas. The three sample sites included a 50-m reach upstream of a low-water bridge, another 50-m reach downstream of the bridge, and a 50-m reference reach. In each case, a low-water bridge was within a non-sampled, 50-m, reach between the upstream and downstream sampled reaches. Similarly, a 50-m reach without a lowwater bridge, was not sampled between the downstream and reference reaches. Crossings in three of the six tributaries had been modified to improve fish passage. We captured fish by electrofishing and marked them differentially by reach with a sub-cutaneous injection of a biologically compatible fluorescent dye three times in the spring and three times during the summer. We found that fish were less than half as likely to move 50 m across reaches with lowwater bridges compared to 50-m reaches without low-water bridges. Fish moved upstream and downstream equally between reaches not separated by low-water bridges, but were twice as likely to move downsbeam, mther than upstream, between reaches separated by low-water bridges. Average species richness was hgher for fish communities downstream of the low-water bridges compared to upstream (12.5 versus 6.3) indicating that the reduced movement could affect community structure. Two low-water bridges, back-filled with rip-rap to eliminate the plunge pools below the aprons, were the only ones allowing upstream fish passage. These preliminary findings suggest that engmeering design could lessen the impact of road-crossings on the structure of fish communities in streams.
Pre-Clinical Characterization of Dacomitinib (PF-00299804), an Irreversible Pan-ErbB Inhibitor, Combined with Ionizing Radiation for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is over-expressed in nearly all cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), and is an important driver of disease progression. EGFR targeted therapies have demonstrated clinical benefit for SCCHN treatment. In this report, we investigated the pre-clinical efficacy of Dacomitinib (PF-00299804), an irreversible pan-ErbB inhibitor, both alone and in combination with ionizing radiation (IR), a primary curative modality for SCCHN. One normal oral epithelial (NOE) and three SCCHN (FaDu, UT-SCC-8, UT-SCC-42a) cell lines were used to conduct cell viability, clonogenic survival, cell cycle, and immunoblotting assays in vitro, using increasing doses of Dacomitinib (10–500 nM), both with and without IR (2–4 Gy). The FaDu xenograft model was utilized for tumor growth delay assays in vivo, and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted on extracted tumors. A dose-dependent reduction in cell viability and clonogenic survival after Dacomitinib treatment was observed in all three SCCHN models. Treatment led to a significant reduction in EGFR signalling, with a subsequent decrease in phosphorylation of downstream targets such as ERK, AKT, and mTOR. In vivo, Dacomitinib treatment delayed tumor growth, while decreasing phospho-EGFR and Ki-67 immunoexpression. These effects were further enhanced when combined with IR, both in vitro and in vivo. The preclinical data support the further evaluations of Dacomitinib combined with IR for the future management of patients with SCCHN.
The development of a quantitative electroencephalographic scanning process for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: reliability and validity studies.

The development of a quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG)-based procedure for use in the assessment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was examined through a series of studies investigating test reliability and validation issues. This process, involving a spectral analysis of the electrophysiological power output from a single, midline, central location (the vertex), was conducted in 469 participants, 6 to 20 years of age, classified as ADHD, inattentive type; ADHD, combined type; or control. The results indicated that the QEEG scanning procedure was reliable (r = .96), was consistent with the Attention Deficit Disorders Evaluation Scale (S. B. McCarney, 1995) and the Test of Variables of Attention (L. M. Greenberg, 1994; chi-square, p < .01), and differentiated participants with ADHD from a nonclinical control group (p < .001). The sensitivity of the QEEG-derived attentional index was 90%; the specificity was 94%.