Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finding Security Vulnerabilities in Java Applications with Static Analysis

This paper proposes a static analysis technique for detecting many recently discovered application vulnerabilities such as SQL injections, cross-site scripting, and HTTP splitting attacks. These vulnerabilities stem from unchecked input, which is widely recognized as the most common source of security vulnerabilities in Web applications. We propose a static analysis approach based on a scalable and precise points-to analysis. In our system, user-provided specifications of vulnerabilities are automatically translated into static analyzers. Our approach finds all vulnerabilities matching a specification in the statically analyzed code. Results of our static analysis are presented to the user for assessment in an auditing interface integrated within Eclipse, a popular Java development environment. Our static analysis found 29 security vulnerabilities in nine large, popular open-source applications, with two of the vulnerabilities residing in widely-used Java libraries. In fact, all but one application in our benchmark suite had at least one vulnerability. Context sensitivity, combined with improved object naming, proved instrumental in keeping the number of false positives low. Our approach yielded very few false positives in our experiments: in fact, only one of our benchmarks suffered from false alarms.
Internally Driven $\beta$-plane Plasma Turbulence Using the Hasegawa-Wakatani System

General problem of plasma turbulence can be formulated as advection of potential vorticity (PV), which handles flow self-organization, coupled to a number of other fields, whose gradients provide free energy sources. Therefore, focusing on PV evolution separates the underlying linear instability from the flow self-organization, and clarifies key spatial scales in terms of balances between various time scales. Considering the Hasegawa-Wakatani model as a minimal, nontrivial model of plasma turbulence where the energy is injected internally by a linear instability, we find that the critical wavenumber $k_{c}=C/\kappa$ where $C$ is the adiabaticity parameter and $\kappa$ is the normalized density gradient separates the adiabatic (or highly zonostrophic) behavior for large scales from the hydrodynamic behavior at small scales. In the adiabatic range the non-zonal part of the wave-number spectrum goes from $E(k)\propto\gamma_{k}U^{-1}k^{-2}$ around the peak to $E(k) \propto \omega_{k}^{2} k^{-3}$ in the"inertial"range, where $\gamma_{k}$ and $\omega_{k}$ are the linear growth and frequency and $U$ is the rms zonal velocity. This proposed spectrum fits very well for the large $k_{c}$ case, where the bulk of the spectrum is in the adiabatic range. In contrast for small $k_{c}$, we get the usual forward enstrophy cascade with $E(k)\propto\epsilon_{W}^{2/3}k^{-3}$, where $\epsilon_{W}$ is the enstrophy dissipation. In contrast for $k_{c}\approx 1$, the system transitions to hydrodynamic forward enstrophy cascade right after the injection range, with zonal flows at large scales and forward enstrophy cascade at small scales. It is argued that the ratio $R_{\beta}\equiv k_{\beta}/k_{\text{peak}}\approx k_{c}/k_{\text{peak}}$ where $k_{\text{peak}}$ is the peak wave-number can be defined as the zonostrophy parameter.
Whole-body protein turnover of a carnivore, Felis silvestris catus

The cat (Felis silvestris catus) has a higher dietary protein requirement than omnivores and herbivores, thought to be due to metabolic inflexibility. An aspect of metabolic flexibility was examined with studies of whole-body protein turnover at two levels of dietary protein energy, moderate protein (MP; 20 %) and high protein (HP; 70 %), in five adult cats in a crossover design. Following a 14 d pre-feed period, a single intravenous dose of [15N]glycine was administered and cumulative excretion of the isotope in urine and faeces determined over 48 h. N flux increased (P<0·005) with dietary protein, being 56 (SE 5) MMOL /G BODY WEIGHT (BW) PER D FOR CATS FED THE MP DIET AND 146 (se 8) mmol /g BW per d for cats fed the HP diet. Protein synthesis was higher (P<0·05) on the HP diet (75 (se 10) mmol /g BW per d; 6·6 (se 1) g protei/g BW per d) than the MP diet (38 (se 5) mmol /g BW per d; 3·4 (se 0·4) g protei/g BW per d). Protein breakdown was higher (P<0·05) on the HP diet (72 (se 8) mmol /g BW per d; 6·3 (se 0·7) g protei/g BW per d) than the MP diet (44 (se 3) mmol /g BW per d; 3·9 (se 0·3) g protei/g BW per d). Compared with other species the rate of whole-body protein synthesis in the well-nourished cat (9·7 (se 1·3) g protei/g BW0·75 per d) is at the lower end of the range. These results show that feline protein turnover adapts to dietary protein as has been shown in other species and demonstrates metabolic flexibility. Further work is required to determine exactly why cats have such a high protein requirement.
Smoking Determinants in Turkish University Students

The aim was to explore the prevalence and the correlates of smoking in a group of Turkish university students. A sample of 1,870 students (21.2 ± 2.0 years old) completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Smoking was highly prevalent (35.9%) in this sample. Male gender (OR = 2.72, CI 2.15–3.44), and parental smoking (OR = 1.41, CI 1.13–1.78) were factors associated with increased likelihood of smoking. Higher depressive symptoms and hopelessness levels were significantly related to smoking behavior. Smoking behavior might initiate as a mild and transient habit and unfortunately could become more serious and lead to an actual dependence. The results of this study show that it is necessary to pay attention to levels of depression and hopelessness, as well as parental influence.
Valve System Does Not Reduce the Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection

ABSTRACT Background: The Groshong catheter (GC) is considered to have a lower risk of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection (CVC-RBSI) than conventional catheters because of its valve system (closed-end) for preventing blood reflux. However, few studies have compared the GC with conventional (open-end) catheters in terms of catheter-related complications. Purpose: To compare the incidence of catheter-related complications including CVC-RBSI between the GC and the Argyle catheter (AC). Methods: The GC and the AC were inserted in the same way from the internal jugular vein. Catheter-related complications were evaluated from the database retrospectively. Results: Two hundred seventy GCs were inserted in 123 patients, and 251 ACs were inserted in 135 patients. There were no significant differences in patient background factors between GC and AC use, except for the following two parameters. Use of GC was associated with a longer catheter insertion length and a younger patient age. Univariate analysis revealed that neither type of catheter reduced the incidence of CVC-RBSI. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log rank test revealed no significant difference between the GC and the AC in the period from insertion to development of complications. Conclusions: The GC has no superiority over the conventional AC for preventing CVC-RBSI.
Probing Equivocal Effects of Heat Processing of Legume Seeds on Performance of Ruminants - A Review -

Published studies show that effects of heat processing of legume seeds on animal performance are equivocal. In this article, we used a nutrition model - the DVE/OEB system to re-analyze nutrient supply (such as truly absorbed intestinal protein DVE value and protein degradation balance OEB value) to ruminants from published studies to probe reasons for such equivocal effects and provided some explanation why equivocal effects occurred. The analysis results showed that an unsuitable supply of nutrients in terms of DVE and OEB intakes (negative total OEB intake, oversupply of total DVE values) resulted in an inability to detect the effectiveness of heat processing in altering bypassing protein (BCP) and/or starch (BST) and their effects. The overall nutrient supply to animal in an experiment should be the context in which any animal performance study is developed. The information described in this article may give better understanding of animal performance in relation to nutritive changes occurring upon processing of legume seeds.
Valuing Credit Default Swaps II

“In the Fall 2000, Journal of Derivatives, Hull and White presented a model for pricing credit default swaps based on the realistic assumption that in a default the bondholders will claim the difference between the bond&'s post-default market value and its face value. An important feature of the approach is the use of market prices for a set of bonds from the same issuer to obtain a term structure of risk-neutral implied default probabilities. This article extends the model significantly to allow for the existence of multiple correlated default risks. Correlations are important either when the swap is subject to counterparty credit risk, or when there are multiple underlyings with correlated risks, as in a basket default swap. ”
Effects of a Physical Education Program on Children's Manipulative Skills

We assessed effects of a physical education professional development program on 3 manipulative skills of 4th- and 5th-graders. Seven schools were randomly assigned to 3 treatment conditions: PES (Physical Education Specialists), TT (Trained Classroom Teachers), and CO (Controls). Students (358 boys, 351 girls) were randomly selected from 56 classes and tested on throwing, catching, and kicking. In the fall baseline, boys scored higher than girls; 5th-graders scored higher than 4th-graders. In the spring, children in PES schools had improvements of 21%; those in TT and CO schools gained 19% and 13%, respectively. Gain scores were significant for catching (p = .005) and throwing (p = .008). Intervention effects did not differ by gender or grade. Adjusting for condition, boys made significantly greater gains than girls. The results indicate that children’s manipulative skills can be improved by quality physical education programs delivered by PE specialists and classroom teachers with substantial training.
Nuclear compensatory evolution driven by mito-nuclear incompatibilities

Mitochondrial function relies on the coordinated expression of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, exhibiting remarkable resilience regardless the susceptibility of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to accumulate harmful mutations. A suggested mechanism for preserving this mito-nuclear compatibility is the nuclear compensation, where deleterious mitochondrial alleles drive compensatory changes in nuclear genes. However, prevalence and conditioning factors for this phenomenon remain debated, with empirical evidence supporting and refuting its existence. Here, we investigate how mito-nuclear incompatibilities impact nuclear and mitochondrial substitutions in a model for species radiation under selection for mito-nuclear compatibility, similar to the process of mtDNA introgression. Mating eligibility relies on genetic (nuclear DNA) and spatial proximity, with populations evolving from partially compatible mito-nuclear states. Mutations do not confer advantages nor disadvantages, with no optimal nuclear or mitochondrial types, but individual fitness decreases with increasing incompatibilities, driving the demand for mito-nuclear genetic coordination. We find that selection consistently promotes compensation on incompatible nuclear genes, resulting in more substitutions than compatible or non-interacting genes. Surprisingly, low mitochondrial mutation rates favor compensation, as do increased selective pressure or a higher number of mismatches. High mitochondrial mutation rates boost substitutions in initially compatible nuclear genes, relaxing the selection against mito-nuclear incompatibilities and mirroring the compensatory evolution. Moreover, the presence of incompatibilities accelerates species radiation, but richness at equilibrium is not directly correlated with substitutions' response, revealing the complex dynamics triggered by mitochondrial introgression and mito-nuclear co-evolution.
HeR-DRL:Heterogeneous Relational Deep Reinforcement Learning for Decentralized Multi-Robot Crowd Navigation

Crowd navigation has received significant research attention in recent years, especially DRL-based methods. While single-robot crowd scenarios have dominated research, they offer limited applicability to real-world complexities. The heterogeneity of interaction among multiple agent categories, like in decentralized multi-robot pedestrian scenarios, are frequently disregarded. This"interaction blind spot"hinders generalizability and restricts progress towards robust navigation algorithms. In this paper, we propose a heterogeneous relational deep reinforcement learning(HeR-DRL), based on customised heterogeneous GNN, in order to improve navigation strategies in decentralized multi-robot crowd navigation. Firstly, we devised a method for constructing robot-crowd heterogenous relation graph that effectively simulates the heterogeneous pair-wise interaction relationships. We proposed a new heterogeneous graph neural network for transferring and aggregating the heterogeneous state information. Finally, we incorporate the encoded information into deep reinforcement learning to explore the optimal policy. HeR-DRL are rigorously evaluated through comparing it to state-of-the-art algorithms in both single-robot and multi-robot circle crowssing scenario. The experimental results demonstrate that HeR-DRL surpasses the state-of-the-art approaches in overall performance, particularly excelling in safety and comfort metrics. This underscores the significance of interaction heterogeneity for crowd navigation. The source code will be publicly released in https://github.com/Zhouxy-Debugging-Den/HeR-DRL.
Fast, Cheap and Out of Control

Spur-of-the-moment planetary exploration missions are within our reach. Complex systems and complex missions usually take years of planning and force launches to become incredibly expensive. We argue here for cheap, fast missions using large numbers of mass produced simple autonomous robots that are small by today''s standards, perhaps 1 to 2kg. We suggest that within a few years it will be possible, at modest cost, to invade a planet with millions of tiny robots.
Increased expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine2A/B receptors in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a rationale for therapeutic intervention

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has a poor prognosis and limited responsiveness to available treatments. It is characterised by epithelial cell injury, fibroblast activation and proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) induces fibroblast proliferation via the 5-HTR2A and 5-HTR2B receptors, but its pathophysiological role in IPF remains unclear. A study was undertaken to determine the expression of 5-HT receptors in IPF and experimental lung fibrosis and to investigate the effects of therapeutic inhibition of 5-HTR2A/B signalling on lung fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Methods and results Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression of 5-HTR1A/B and 5-HTR2B was significantly increased in the lungs of patients with IPF (n=12) and in those with non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP, n=6) compared with transplant donors (n=12). The expression of 5-HTR2A was increased specifically in IPF lungs but not in NSIP lungs. While 5-HTR2A protein largely localised to fibroblasts, 5-HTR2B localised to the epithelium. To assess the effects of 5HTR2A/B inhibition on fibrogenesis in vivo, mice were subjected to bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and treated with the 5-HTR2A/B antagonist terguride (or vehicle) in a therapeutic approach (days 14–28 after bleomycin). Terguride-treated mice had significantly improved lung function and histology and decreased collagen content compared with vehicle-treated mice. Functional in vitro studies showed that terguride is a potent inhibitor of transforming growth factor β1- or WNT3a-induced collagen production. Conclusion The studies revealed an increased expression of 5-HTR2A specifically in IPF. Blockade of 5-HTR2A/B signalling by terguride reversed lung fibrosis and is thus a promising therapeutic approach for IPF.
Extending Technology Acceptance Model to the E‐Recruitment Context in Iran

Using a sample of 332 job applicants in Iran, this study integrates Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and signaling theory to explain factors influencing applicants' behavioral intentions to apply for jobs online. Of the two main constructs of TAM, perceived usefulness was found to have a significant impact on applicants' behavioral intentions, while perceived ease of use was not. Based on the signaling theory, impression of the organizational website appeared to create interests in organization as a potential employer; hence, prompt applicants to apply for jobs. These results extend our understanding of the online recruitment in different context and provide further insights with regard to possible effects of website features on applicants' attractions toward organizations operating in Iran.
Consequences of unit-level organizational citizenship behaviors: A review and recommendations for future research

Summary During the past 30 years, interest in organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) has grown substantially. Although much of the early empirical research in this domain was directed at the individual level of analysis, more recently, researchers have focused their attention on identifying the outcomes of group-level or unit-level OCBs, as well as the mediating mechanisms and boundary conditions of the relationships between OCBs and unit-level outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide a summary of the extant literature in this area. First, we discuss the applicability of the types of OCB to the unit level of analysis. Following this, we provide a summary of the literature examining outcomes of unit-level OCBs, with particular attention paid to the mediators and moderators of the relationship between OCBs and unit effectiveness. Next, we examine the methodological characteristics of studies conducted in this research domain. Finally, we make a series of conceptual and methodological recommendations regarding future research on the consequences of unit-level OCBs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cu2+ and acute thermal stress induce protective events via the p38-MAPK signalling pathway in the perfused Rana ridibunda heart

SUMMARY In the present study, we investigated the induction of the p38-MAPK signalling pathway by copper, as exemplified by CuCl2, in the isolated perfused heart of the amphibian Rana ridibunda. We found that p38-MAPK phosphorylation by CuCl2 occurs in a dose-dependent manner, with maximum activation (8.73±1.43-fold relative to control values) attained by perfusion with 500 μmol l–1 CuCl2 for 15 min, while this activation sustained even after 60 min of reperfusion with normal bicarbonate buffer. CuCl2 also induced the phosphorylation of the small heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) in a p38-MAPK dependent manner, as revealed by experiments using the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580. p38-MAPK and Hsp27 phosphorylations were also strongly induced by hyperthermia (42°C), while the simultaneous use of hyperthermia and CuCl2 had a synergistic effect on p38-MAPK activation. Furthermore, perfusions with the potent antioxidant L-ascorbic acid (100 μmol l–1), the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) (150 U ml–1) or superoxide dismutase (SOD) (30 U ml–1) in the presence of 500 μmol l–1 CuCl2 did not attenuate the CuCl2-induced p38-MAPK activation, implying that at least the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenged by these agents are not implicated in this kinase activation. The p38-MAPK phosphorylation induced by the combined action of CuCl2 and hyperthermia was partially inhibited by catalase, indicating that hyperthermia possibly activates the kinase through the production of H2O2. Caspase-3, an effector protease of apoptosis, remained inactive in hearts perfused at normal or hyperthermic conditions, in the absence or presence of 500 μmol l–1 CuCl2. All the above results suggest that, in the amphibian Rana ridibunda heart, p38-MAPK activation by copper has a possible protective role through the small Hsp27.
Historical Dramas, Current Political Choices: Analyzing Partisan Selective Exposure With a Docudrama

This study investigates the docudrama hypothesis—the idea that fiction based on real stories can influence audience members’ perception of political reality—in the context of current debates on partisan selective exposure and reinforcement effects. It does so by analyzing the influence of an Oscar-nominated docudrama on viewers’ attitudes and behavioral intention using propensity score matching. By means of a representative survey, we find strong evidence of partisan selective exposure and avoidance. Furthermore, among respondents with a similar likelihood of film attendance, actual attendance has a strong association with positive retrospective evaluations of the political coalition glorified in the movie, and an indirect relationship—via retrospective evaluations—with voting intentions. Discussion of the findings shed light into potential real-world political effects of partisan selective exposure using content other than news.
Detection of concentric circles for camera calibration

The geometry of plane-based calibration methods is well understood, but some user interaction is often needed in practice for feature detection. This paper presents a fully automatic calibration system that uses patterns of pairs of concentric circles. The key observation is to introduce a geometric method that constructs a sequence of points strictly convergent to the image of the circle center from an arbitrary point. The method automatically detects the points of the pattern features by the construction method, and identify them by invariants. It then takes advantage of homological constraints to consistently and optimally estimate the features in the image. The experiments demonstrate the robustness and the accuracy of the new method.
Semantifying OpenStreetMap

OpenStreetMap is one of the best examples of Volunteered Geographic Information. Its success relies on the ease of use and the freedom it provides. Users are supposed to geolocate their Points Of Interest and annotate them with a tag. There is no certain vocabulary or ontology of the tags that users have to commit to. The whole tagging process is done in a bottom-up manner in which the community on a wiki basis discusses this issue. Allowing users to use tags freely increases the usability of OpenStreetMap but at the same time causes semantic interoperability problems. What is needed, is a way to structure the tags while satisfying the freedom criterion. As a solution, we suggest the alignment of the tags to well structured top level ontologies. A middle layer approach for bridging the gap between the bottom-up tags of the users and the top level Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering (DOLCE) is proposed. The idea of \games with a purpose" is utilized to assists non-expert users in aligning their tags to DOLCE.