Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with bystander behaviors of Korean youth in school bullying situations

Abstract The behaviors of bystanders can have important effects on their peers. The aim of this study was to identify psychosocial and contextual factors associated with 3 types of bystander behavior (bully followers, outsiders, and defenders of victims) among Korean youth. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 7th and 8th-grade students from 1 middle school in Korea. The Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, the Korean version of the Social Problem-Solving Inventory, and measurements of relationships with friends and teachers, empathy, concerns about being bullied, attitudes toward bullying, and bystander behaviors were all used in the assessment. Empathy, relationship of teachers, attitudes toward bullying, and concerns about being bullied were significantly associated with all 3 types of bystanders’ behaviors. Although, self-esteem, social problem solving ability were significantly associated with just defender of victim behaviors. These results suggest that several significant factors to cultivate constructive bystander behaviors should be considered to develop effective antibullying intervention.
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN THE TEACHING OF READING ON CHILDREN'S READING TEST PERFORMANCE

Summary. The reading attainment of working-class children, as indicated by reading test performance, is lower than that of other children but there is some evidence that it might be improved if their parents are involved more in the teaching of reading by hearing their children read at home. A study was carried out of a reading at home parental involvement project in a primary school serving a working-class area. The project was satisfactorily implemented and 76 children completed three years in it. Their reading test scores were compared to those of similar children who had passed through the school before the project. No significant improvement was found in test performance. The findings are discussed in relation to those of the Haringey Project (Tizard et al., 1982). It is hypothesised that the effects of this form of parental involvement may depend on the nature of home visiting which supports it, on the previous extent of parental involvement, or on whether the families concerned are from ethnic minorities. It is argued that there should be continued development and evaluation of parental involvement in the teaching of reading.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha: a major contributor to the hyperdynamic circulation in prehepatic portal-hypertensive rats.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Portal hypertension is often accompanied by a hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha causes vasodilatation and a hyperdynamic state in mammals by activating nitric oxide synthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether TNF-alpha plays a role in developing the hyperdynamic syndrome in portal hypertension. METHODS Portal-hypertensive rats, induced by partial ligation of the portal vein (PVL), were used. In experiment 1, rats that underwent PVL were treated with polyclonal anti-mouse TNF-alpha or placebo intravenously the same day of the PVL operation and 24 hours before hemodynamic studies. Hemodynamic studies were performed 5 days after PVL. In experiment 2, rats that underwent PVL received anti-TNF-alpha or placebo intravenously 3 days and 24 hours before hemodynamics as in experiment 1. Hemodynamics were performed 14 days after the PVL operation. TNF-alpha blood levels were measured using a bioassay. RESULTS Anti-TNF-alpha treatment induced a significant increase in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and systemic vascular resistance and a significant decrease in cardiac index, portal pressure, and TNF-alpha levels in comparison with placebo animals. No significant effects were observed in sham rats. CONCLUSIONS Anti-TNF-alpha treatment in rats that underwent PVL significantly blunts the development of the hyperdynamic circulation and reduces portal pressure. TNF-alpha may play a role in the hemodynamic abnormalities of portal hypertension.
Group Rapport: Posture Sharing as a Nonverbal Indicator

Systematic observation and a questionnaire format were used to investigate the relationship between posture sharing and self-report indications of rapport in a group situation-college seminar classrooms. A pattern of significant positive correlations revealed that the greater the amount of mirroring and congruent postures evidenced by students vis-à-vis the teacher, the higher the ratings of involvement. Conversely, a significant negative relationship was found between amount of incongruent posture display and reports of interest. Implications of the findings for group dynamics and environmental design are discussed.
Clinical Relevance of C-Reactive Protein During Follow-Up of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes in the Aggrastat-to-Zocor Trial

Background— Elevated levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) are associated with higher risk of adverse outcomes in patients at risk for or with established coronary artery disease. Retrospective analyses suggest that this risk may be modified with statin therapy. However, a role for hsCRP in monitoring the success of therapy remains uncertain. Methods and Results— We measured the serum concentration of hsCRP at 30 days (n=3813) and 4 months in patients with non–ST-elevation or ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome randomly assigned to an early intensive versus delayed conservative simvastatin strategy in the Aggrastat-to-Zocor Trial. Patients with hsCRP >3 mg/L at 30 days had significantly higher 2-year mortality rates than those with hsCRP 1 to 3 mg/L or hsCRP <1 mg/L (6.1% versus 3.7% versus 1.6%, P<0.0001). Results were similar with hsCRP measured at 4 months. After adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, smoking, cardiovascular history, index event, lipid levels, and randomly assigned treatment, patients with hsCRP >3 mg/L were at more than 3-fold higher risk of death (HR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.9 to 7.2) compared with those with hsCRP <1 mg/L. “Average” levels of hsCRP (1 to 3 mg/L) were also associated with increased risk compared with those with hsCRP <1 mg/L (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.6). Patients allocated to early intensive statin therapy were more likely to achieve hsCRP levels <1 mg/L at 30 days (P=0.028) and 4 months (P<0.0001). Conclusions— Achieved levels of hsCRP at 30 days and 4 months after acute coronary syndrome are independently associated with long-term survival. Patients treated with more aggressive statin therapy are more likely to achieve lower levels of hsCRP.
Analysis of the stability of housekeeping gene expression in the left cardiac ventricle of rats submitted to chronic intermittent hypoxia

ABSTRACT Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with oxidative stress and various cardiovascular consequences, such as increased cardiovascular disease risk. Quantitative real-time PCR is frequently employed to assess changes in gene expression in experimental models. In this study, we analyzed the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia (an experimental model of OSA) on housekeeping gene expression in the left cardiac ventricle of rats. Analyses via four different approaches-use of the geNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder algorithms; and 2−ΔCt (threshold cycle) data analysis-produced similar results: all genes were found to be suitable for use, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and 18S being classified as the most and the least stable, respectively. The use of more than one housekeeping gene is strongly advised.
Crowd-assisted radio map construction for Wi-Fi positioning systems

Numerous attempts have been made to estimate position using Wi-Fi signals. Radio map, which is the collection of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of Wi-Fi signals along with their collected location information, is essential for the estimation of positon in a high resolution. However, the radio map construction is not only labor intensive, but also it requires periodic updates to cope with the changes of Wi-Fi environments. This paper proposes a practical location-labeling method for crowdsourced fingerprints to construct Wi-Fi radio maps in a large shopping mall environment. In the first step, the initial radio map is constructed based on a small number of reference data obtained from mobile payment transactions. In the second step, the path of the crowdsourced fingerprint sequence is accumulated and then their collected locations are estimated to improve the radio map. Experiments performed at a landmark building revealed the proposed method was effective in location-labeling of crowdsourced fingerprints.
A 5-Item Prediction Rule to Identify Severe Renal Dysfunction in Patients with Acute Stroke

The authors looked at 5 conditions that predicted severe renal dysfunction in patients with stroke. Because patients with stroke may undergo contrast-enhanced CT and CTA before renal function test results are available, it is important to know who is at risk for contrast-induced neuropathy. The prediction tool assigned the following scores: age in years, 5 points for women, 5 points for diabetes, 15 points for preadmission insulin use, and 10 points for hypertension. Scores < 70 carried negligible risk but scores >111 correlated with a 28% chance of renal dysfunction. Thus, this scale may be used without wasting time waiting for laboratory results. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although patients with severe renal dysfunction who receive iodinated contrast are at high risk of CIN, contrast-enhanced CT scans are often obtained without prior knowledge of kidney function in patients with acute stroke. We aimed to develop a tool to identify patients with acute stroke at a high risk of CIN in the absence of a recent GFR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the RCSN (9872 patients) and OSA (2544 patients) for our derivation and validation cohort, respectively. A multivariable logistic regression model was performed to develop a predictive tool to identify severe renal dysfunction (defined as a GFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of severe renal dysfunction was 4.9% and 5.2% in the derivation and validation cohort, respectively. The prediction rule was designed as follows: (age in years) + (5 points for women) + (5 points for history of diabetes mellitus) + (15 points for preadmission insulin use) + (10 points for history of hypertension). The prevalence of severe renal dysfunction is negligible in patients with a total score of ≤70 (≤0.005%–0.7%) but increases with higher Renal Risk Scores (eg, scores 71–80: 2.1%–2.2%; scores 91–100: 6.6%–7.1%; scores 111–120: 15.9%–28.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The Renal Risk Score is a validated tool that helps clinicians select which patients with stroke can safely proceed to contrast-enhanced brain imaging without waiting for laboratory evidence of good renal function.
Topic Knowledge and Online Catalog Search Formulation

This research investigated the ways in which different levels of knowledge about a topic can affect searching for information on that topic in a library online catalog. It was found that people with high levels of knowledge use more search expressions, including more general and nonproductive expressions, than low-knowledge users. It was also found that high-knowledge users employed more search expressions that had not been contained in their statements of information need than low-knowledge users. These differences in vocabulary use and search expression formulation may be of interest to designers of online catalogs as they attempt to increase the responsiveness of catalog systems to the needs of individual users.
Shared Realities: Social Influence and Stimulus Memory

In two studies, participants read a story and then completed a multiple choice recognition test assessing recall for facts from the story. After answering some of the recognition test items, participants were shown a tally of other participants' responses to the same items. However, these bogus tallies were controlled by the experimenter. Later, participants' memory for story facts was again assessed, this time using a cued recall test. The data indicate that participants' memory responses on the story cued recall test sometimes changed from the memory responses given on the initial story recognition test. The changes often matched the most frequent response given by the bogus others. This effect was more likely when apparent agreement among the bogus responses was high, and less likely when item memorability was high. In Study 1, evidence of such response alterations was still present, even when recall for others' responses was taken into account. In Study 2, these response alterations were observed even.
A spectral analysis of cognitive and personality variables in hypnosis: empirical disconfirmation of the two-factor model of hypnotic responding

The two-factor model of hypnotic responding posits that ability or trait variables are more important than contextual variables in producing responses to difficult hypnotic suggestions, whereas contextual variables such as attitudes and expectancies are more important than trait variables in predicting responses to easier suggestions. In three separate data sets, responses to suggestions of varying difficulty were correlated with absorption, fantasy proneness, dissociation, attitudes toward hypnosis, and hypnotic response expectancy. Although the results of these analyses were not consistent across data sets, all significant findings were in the opposite direction of that predicted by two-factor theorists. In general, expectancy was the strongest correlate of hypnotic response, especially for highly responsive participants and for difficult suggestions. It is concluded that despite the attractiveness of the two-factor model, repeated attempts to replicate its empirical base have been unsuccessful.
Real Value Solvent Accessibility Prediction using Adaptive Support Vector Regression

Knowledge of the secondary structure and solvent accessibility of a protein plays a vital role in prediction of fold, and eventually the tertiary structure of the protein. This paper deals with prediction of relative solvent accessibility, given only the amino-acid sequence. In this paper, we use an improved support vector regression (SVR) and new kernels for real valued prediction of solvent accessibility. In this regard, two main issues are addressed. First we address the problem of e selection, which we found to be somewhat problematic in our earlier work (e is a parameter with significant influence on noise insensitivity and generalization of SVRs). In particular, rather than employ the standard trial and error based approach, we used an improved tube shrinking method to find e. Secondly, a novel kernel combining solvation model, electrostatic charge model and evolutionary information in the form of position specific scoring matrix (PSSM) is given. A new dataset of 472 proteins with less than 20% sequence identity is curated and used to evaluate the result. To make a more objective comparison with earlier methods, we use a standard dataset and show that the proposed scheme is better than the ones normally used in literature. We also report a lowest mean absolute error (MAE) so far of 0.12 on the standard dataset.
The market place of ideas

The discussion below is an edited version of a Radio 4 Analysis programme, “Thinking Ahead’, broadcast first on 25 May 1995, and introduced by Geoff Mulgan, who has also written a short introduction for this volume. The discussion examines, albeit briefly, many of the themes explored in this issue: are ideas ever ‘original'; why and how are some taken up when others are discarded; what is the role of think tanks and other ‘straddler’ institutions in bridging the worlds of pure ideas and practical politics; are ideas national or universal; and do ideas themselves make progress. The coincidence of the programme being broadcast so close in time and subject to this special issue meant the inclusion of an edited transcript was almost de rigeur. The thoughts of two of the contributors, Richard Cockett and Lord Dahrendorf, can be explored further elsewhere in these two volumes.
Student perspectives on formative peer assessment: an attempt to deepen learning?

Peer assessment is a common form of shared learning in which students provide feedback on each others work. Peer assessment takes many forms; and involves students and tutors taking various roles at different stages of the process. This study explores the views and opinions of undergraduate students in relation to their perceptions and experiences of formative peer assessment introduced as a learning development opportunity for the first time. The study found that on the whole formative peer assessment was a positive experience in enhancing students learning and development. However, consideration needs to be taken to address individual learning styles, as a limited number of students found the process to be less useful. Consequently, when tutors are constructing peer assessment strategies they should be cognisant at the planning stage of the variety of learning styles that are evident in order to maximise the development opportunities this can bring to students.
Distributed Containment Control of Networked Fractional-Order Systems with Delay-Dependent Communications

This paper is concerned with a containment problem of networked fractional-order system with multiple leaders under a fixed directed interaction graph. Based on the neighbor rule, a distributed protocol is proposed in delayed communication channels. By employing the algebraic graph theory, matrix theory, Nyquist stability theorem, and frequency domain method, it is analytically proved that the whole follower agents will flock to the convex hull which is formed by the leaders. Furthermore, a tight upper bound on the communication time-delay that can be tolerated in the dynamic network is obtained. As a special case, the interconnection topology under the undirected case is also discussed. Finally, some numerical examples with simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and correctness of the theoretical results.
Statistical tests for identifying differentially expressed genes in time-course microarray experiments

MOTIVATION Microarray technology allows the monitoring of expression levels for thousands of genes simultaneously. In time-course experiments in which gene expression is monitored over time, we are interested in testing gene expression profiles for different experimental groups. However, no sophisticated analytic methods have yet been proposed to handle time-course experiment data. RESULTS We propose a statistical test procedure based on the ANOVA model to identify genes that have different gene expression profiles among experimental groups in time-course experiments. Especially, we propose a permutation test which does not require the normality assumption. For this test, we use residuals from the ANOVA model only with time-effects. Using this test, we detect genes that have different gene expression profiles among experimental groups. The proposed model is illustrated using cDNA microarrays of 3840 genes obtained in an experiment to search for changes in gene expression profiles during neuronal differentiation of cortical stem cells.
Interpersonal deception: XII. Information management dimensions underlying deceptive and truthful messages

Interpersonal Deception Theory (IDT) proposes that among the strategies deceivers use to create credible messages is information management. Delineated here are five fundamental dimensions along which verbal content and style can be altered to manage information: (1) completeness (informational and conversational), (2) veridicality (actual and apparent), (3) directness/relevance (semantic and syntactic/pragmatic), (4) clarity (semantic and syntactic/pragmatic), and (5) personalization. Two studies employing encoding and decoding methodologies are presented that assess the degree to which (1) senders can vary discourse on demand along these dimensions and (2) receivers (observers) can recognize such variations. Participants in the first experiment engaged in separate truthful and deceptive interviews; during the latter, they enacted one of three different forms of deception (falsification, equivocation, concealment) representing different combinations of the five dimensions. Participants in the second expe.
Who’s bathing the baby? The division of domestic labour in Sweden

Abstract In Sweden the government has enacted specific policies, such as generous parental leave, to encourage couples to share in both economic and domestic labour. Using data from a national survey of Swedish women 1 year after childbirth, we assess whether the division of labour varies depending on women’s parental leave status, education or number of children. We move beyond the most common measures of domestic labour (housework) and include several measures of daily child-care tasks. Our findings indicate that men share fairly equally only if their partner has returned to work full-time. This pattern remained regardless of women’s level of education and number of children. We suggest that parental leave policies are necessary but not sufficient tools for encouraging gender equity at home.