Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilization of monoclonal antibody-targeted nanomaterials in the treatment of cancer

Due to their excellent specificity for a single epitope, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) present a means of influencing the function of cells at the molecular level. In particular they show great promise in the treatment of cancer because they can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, invasiveness and malignant spread of cancerous cells. Many mAbs are in various stages of testing and 11 are currently marketed in the US or Europe for the treatment of cancers that express particular antigens such as human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, CD20, epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Strategies to conjugate mAbs to toxins, radioactive isotopes and chemotherapeutic drugs to improve efficacy are under intense investigation and numerous immunoconjugates have been studied in the clinical setting. However, the molecules have limitations, and so nanomaterials (NMs), which potentially offer more flexibility of design and functionality in providing platforms for binding of multiple therapeutic agents in a single structure, are being examined as an alternative. Studies utilizing mAb-targeted NMs have shown that they exhibit focused targeting, improved pharmacokinetics and improved “passive” drug delivery via leaky vasculature. Nevertheless, before they can be utilized to treat cancer, potential NM toxicity must be thoroughly investigated. Thus, rigorous testing of NM-mAb conjugates in both in vitro and in vivo systems is underway to determine how NM-mAb conjugates will interact with cells and tissues of the body. In this review, we discuss the broad range of nanomaterials that are under investigation as potential platforms for the presentation of mAbs either as single therapeutics or in combination with other drugs and their advantages and limitations in specifically targeting cancer.
Carbon dioxide-induced panic attacks and quantitative electroencephalogram in panic disorder patients

The objective of the study was to investigate and compare the brain cortical activity, as indexed by quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) power, coherence and asymmetry measures, in panic disorder (PD) patients during an induced panic attack with a 35% CO2 challenge test and also in a resting condition. Fifteen subjects with PD were randomly assigned to both 35% CO2 mixture and atmospheric compressed air, in a double-blind study design, with EEG being recorded for a 20-min period. During induced panic attacks we found a reduced right-sided frontal orbital asymmetry in the beta band, a decreased occipital frontal intra-hemispheric coherence in the delta band at both right and left sides, a left-sided occipital delta inter-hemispheric asymmetry and an increased relative power in the beta wave at T4. Our data showed a disturbed frontal cortical processing, pointing to an imbalance of the frontal and occipital sites, common to both hemispheres, and an increased right posterior activity related to the high arousing panic attack condition. Those findings corroborate the Neuroanatomical hypothesis of PD.
IS/IT in Developing and Emerging Economies

In spite of the rapid growth many developing and emerging economies are experiencing, with much of this growth supported by information technology (IT), published research dealing with IT in developing economies is still very limited. The objective of this paper is to direct attention to this apparent gap and provide an overview of the issues related to information systems (IS) and IT specifically in developing and emerging economies. Business and social conditions specific to developing and emerging economies and their potential effects on IS/IT implementations are discussed. After a brief review of papers presented at previous AMCIS conferences, some research areas that seem particularly in need of more attention are identified.
Intracellular Function of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Ischemic Cardiomyocytes

Background Loss of cardiac myocytes due to apoptosis is a relevant feature of ischemic heart disease. It has been described in infarct and peri-infarct regions of the myocardium in coronary syndromes and in ischemia-linked heart remodeling. Previous studies have provided protection against ischemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 receptor-antagonist (IL-1Ra). Mitochondria triggering of caspases plays a central role in ischemia-induced apoptosis. We examined the production of IL-1Ra in the ischemic heart and, based on dual intra/extracellular function of some other interleukins, we hypothesized that IL-1Ra may also directly inhibit mitochondria-activated caspases and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Methodology/Principal Findings Synthesis of IL-1Ra was evidenced in the hearts explanted from patients with ischemic heart disease. In the mouse ischemic heart and in a mouse cardiomyocyte cell line exposed to long-lasting hypoxia, IL-1Ra bound and inhibited mitochondria-activated caspases, whereas inhibition of caspase activation was not observed in the heart of mice lacking IL-1Ra (Il-1ra−/−) or in siRNA to IL-1Ra-interfered cells. An impressive 6-fold increase of hypoxia-induced apoptosis was observed in cells lacking IL-1Ra. IL-1Ra down-regulated cells were not protected against caspase activation and apoptosis by knocking down of the IL-1 receptor, confirming the intracellular, receptor-independent, anti-apoptotic function of IL-1Ra. Notably, the inhibitory effect of IL-1Ra was not influenced by enduring ischemic conditions in which previously described physiologic inhibitors of apoptosis are neutralized. Conclusions/Significance These observations point to intracellular IL-1Ra as a critical mechanism of the cell self-protection against ischemia-induced apoptosis and suggest that this cytokine plays an important role in the remodeling of heart by promoting survival of cardiomyocytes in the ischemic regions.
Pozice Omega – specifická fáze vnímání pojmu nekonečno

Clanek popisuje specifickou fazi ontogenetickeho vývoje porozuměni nekonecnu nazývanou pozice omega, jejiž identifikace je jednim z výsledků rozsahleho výzkumu zaměřeneho na vnimani pojmu nekonecno. Prvnich dvou casti výzkumu se v letech 2008 až 2011 postupně zucastnilo celkem 1 432 ceských žaků a studentů ve věku od 8 do 20 let. V clanku je podrobně popsana zavěrecna kvalitativni cast výzkumu zaměřena na interview s vysokoskolskými studenty s cilem diagnostikovat tuto fazi v jejich pojeti nekonecna v různých kontextech. Clanek popisuje možnosti identifikace pozice omega a jeji konsekvence pro uspěsne studium těch pojmů a ideji matematiky, ktere jsou spjaty s nekonecnem. Dava ji dale do souvislosti s potencialnim a aktualnim nekonecnem, vymezuje jednotlive vývojove faze pomoci pojmu horizont a vysvětluje možnosti vzajemneho ovlivňovani zminěných vývojových fazi s využitim pojmů primarni a sekundarni intuice.
A declarative language for querying and restructuring the Web

World Wide Web is a hypertext based, distributed information system that provides access to vast amounts of information in the Internet. A fundamental problem with the Web is the difficulty of retrieving specific information of interest to the user, from the enormous number of resources that are available. We develop a simple logic called WebLog that is capable of retrieving information from HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) documents in the Web. WebLog is inspired by SchemaLog, a logic for multidatabase interoperability. We demonstrate the suitability of WebLog for: querying and restructuring Web information; exploiting partial knowledge users might have on the information being queried; and dealing with the dynamic nature of information in the Web. We illustrate the simplicity and power of WebLog using a variety of applications involving real life information in the Web.
Hysteresis Losses in Different Types of Permanent Magnets Used in PMSMs

In permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM), depending on the machine application, different types of permanent magnets (PM) can be used. The most common PMs are ferrite magnets, neodymium iron boron magnets (NdFeB), and samarium cobalt magnets (SmCo). The selection of a suitable magnet for a particular machine design depends on the magnet properties: remanence, conductivity, mechanical rigidity, losses, and demagnetization characteristics. Usually, the possibility of hysteresis losses in PM materials is neglected. In this paper, however, it is demonstrated that possible hysteresis losses have to be evaluated in the machine design. It is shown by measurements and simulations that in some machine designs, hysteresis losses in NdFeB, SmCo, and ferrite magnets can be a source of significant additional ac losses that may lead to too high PM operating temperatures and a reduction in the machine efficiency.
Sex Segregation in Voluntary Associations

Strodtbeck, Fred L. , and Richard D. Mann. 1956. "Sex Role Differentiation in Jury Deliberations. " Sociometry 19:3-11. Ward, D. , and J. Balswick. 1978. "Strong Men and Virtuous Women: A Content Analysis of Sex Role Stereotypes. " Pacific Sociological Review 21:45-53. Whittaker, J. 0. 1965. "Sex Diffrences and Susceptibility in Interpersonal Persuasion. " Journal of Social Psychology 66:91-2. Zelditch, Morris, Jr. 1980. "Can You Really Study an Army in the Laboratory? " Pp. 531-39 in A Sociological Reader on Complex Organizations. 3rd ed. Edited by Amitai Etzioni and Edward W. Lehman. New York: Holt. Zimmerman, Don H. , and Candace West. 1975. "Sex Roles, Interruptions and Silences in Conversations. " Pp. 105-29 in Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance, edited by Barrie Thorne and N. Henley. Rawley, MA: Newbury House.
Arginase activity in fibroblasts.

To the Editor: The article by Van Elsen and Leroy. [l] concerning arginase activity and properties in fibroblasts from hyperargininemic and normal subjects suggests some conclusions which we could not draw from similar studies of normal human fibroblasts [2, 3]. Using a colorimetric assay with sensitivity similar to that of these authors [2], we have consistently found no arginase activity in the fibroblasts. The more sensitive radioactive assay of Schimke gave equivocal numbers, despite prolonged incubation [4]. We feel, however, that both assays should have detected enzyme levels of the magnitude described by Van Elsen and Leroy. An important methodological difference is our use of trypsin to harvest the cells as opposed to scraping. We found that when added to the medium, bovine arginase has a significant tendency to adhere to the cell surface, an activity which is lost after trypsin treatment. Thus, despite arguments to the contrary, the activity found by Van Elsen and Leroy could be due to the arginase found in the fetal calf serum. Immunological or electrophoretic studies may demonstrate whether this enzyme is of the erythrocyte-liver variety, the kidney variety, or yet another immunological type. Both Beaudet and Michels [5] and Cederbaum et al. [3] have shown that in human arginase deficiency, the liver and red blood cell (as well as white blood cells and stratum corneum) enzyme activities are deficient. If fibroblast arginase were specified by the same locus as the liver, it should be deficient in arginase deficient subjects. Thus, if normal enzyme levels in the fibroblasts of hyperargininemic subjects were found to be of the liver type, it would support its origin from fetal calf serum.
Expression of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and their respective receptors in the normal rat brain and after injury

The expression of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and their respective receptors has been studied in the rat brain before and up to 24 h after injury. Messenger RNA transcripts of these four genes were detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) in different structures of the intact brain. The distribution was very similar for IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐6 receptor (IL‐6R). The expression of IL‐1R was more widespread. Within hours after injury, an increased expression of IL‐1β, and thereafter of IL‐6 was documented. The expression of IL‐1R and IL‐6R was also increased. This expression was bilateral and not restricted to the injured area. Within 24 h, all ISH patterns had returned to normal. The molecular data were confirmed by protein data. Indeed, the distribution of IL‐6 (detected by immunocytochemistry) agreed with the ISH patterns for IL‐6. Furthermore, extracellular fluid was collected by microdialysis at the site of the lesion during 12 h and successive fractions were assayed for the presence of bioactive IL‐1 and IL‐6. Increases in IL‐1 and later in IL‐6 levels were detected. The rapid and concomitant increased expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and their receptors after injury stresses their possible early role in inflammatory mechanisms also in the brain, before any recruitment of inflammatory cells from remote nervous and not nervous areas.
POTENTI AL AMELIORATIVE ROLE OF GREEN TEA AGAINST TH E ANTIV IRAL DRUG RIBAVIRIN- INDUCED HEPATIC AND TESTICULAR TOXICI TY IN MALE RATS: H ISTOLOGICAL, H ISTOCHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES

Ribavirn is an anti-hepatitis C virus and other virus drug all over the world. Green tea is one of popular beverages among the whole population-possesses important activities such as antioxidant, antimutation, anticarcinogenesis, antibiotic effect, antihypertension, antihyperglycemia and anti-inflammatory effects. Daily oral administration of ribavirin (90 mg/kg bw) for one month to rats causes damage to hepatic cells such as cytoplasmic vacuolization, congestion of blood vessels, disruption of sinusoids, leucocytic infiltration and rupture in the cell membranes. Nuclear changes include change in size of nuclei and loss of chromatin. Histochemically, ribavirin induced reduction in the general carbohydrates and total protein content in liver cell as well as statistical significant elevation in AST and ALT activities in the serum. Most of these changes disappeared after one week of stopping ribavirin treatment. Drinking aqueous green tea solution (2%) for two weeks before and throughout ribavirin administration alleviated most of these alterations to the extent that slight histological and histochemical changes were detected and no statistical significant difference was noted in liver function enzymes between controls and animals given green tea with ribavirin. In addition, Daily oral administration for one month ribavirin caused change in the size and shape of seminiferous tubules, cytoplasmic vacuolization of some spermatogenic cells, change in intertubular connective tissue, clumping of sperms, and increase in the thickness of the covering capsule. Some pyknotic nuclei were observed. Ribavirin caused increase in carbohydrate and decrease total protein contents in the testis. Moreover, ribavirin administration induced significant reduction in testosterone level in the serum that continued in the recovery period. Drinking green tea for two weeks before ribavirin administration and throughout ribavirin administration reduced the histological alterations in testes and returned the histochemical components to normal limits but failed to maintain the normal levels of the testosterone which still suffered statistical significant decrease even in the recovery period.
Fruiting Season Length Restricts Global Distribution of Female-Only Parental Care in Frugivorous Passerine Birds

Food availability is known to influence parental care and mating systems in passerine birds. Altricial chicks make uni-parental care particularly demanding for passerines and parental investment is known to increase with decreasing food availability. We expect this to limit uni-parental passerines to habitats with the most consistent food availability. In passerine birds, species having uni-parental care are primarily female-only parental care (female-only care) and most passerine birds with female-only care are frugivores. We predict that frugivorous passerines with female-only care should be restricted to the most stable habitats characterized by longer fruiting season length. At a global scale, female-only care frugivores were distributed in areas with significantly longer fruiting seasons than non-female-only care frugivores. Female-only care species richness had a stronger spatial relationship with longer fruiting season than non-female-only care species richness. Verifying the lack of a phylogenetic signal driving this pattern, our findings indicate that the geographic distribution of female-only care, a geographically and phylogenetically widespread parental care system, is restricted by an extrinsic factor: fruiting season length. This reinstates the importance of food availability on the evolution and maintenance of parental care systems in passerine birds.
Comparison of modelling approaches for short term traffic prediction under normal and abnormal conditions

Short-term prediction of traffic flows is an integral component of proactive traffic management systems. Prediction during abnormal conditions, such as incidents, is important for such systems. In this paper, three different models with increasing information in explanatory variables are presented. Time Delay and Recurrent Neural Networks and the k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN) algorithms are chosen as the machine learning tools in these models. The models are tested during both normal and incident conditions. The results indicate that historical patterns provide less predictive information during incidents.
Variability of resting mammary blood flow in nonlactating Holstein cows.

Abstract Variability of rates of mammary arterial blood flow was studied in four dry unbred Holstein cows fitted with electromagnetic blood flow transducers around the right mammary artery. Cows were assigned to a 4×4 Latin square design balanced for residual effects. Treatments were estradiol 17 β (.1 mg/kg body weight), progesterone (.25 mg/kg body weight), estradiol and progesterone combination, or alcohol. Rates of blood flow for cows resting appeared to be related to previous milk production or age. Rates of blood flow differed among cows, days, and treatments. However, time of day measurement was taken had no detectable influence on mammary blood flow. Residual variances attributed to cow, day, hour, and treatment were heterogeneous. Heterogeneity was greatest for cows and days; range was about threefold (high/low). Scale effects were not evident. Coefficients of variation were low with a range of 17 estimates from . 63 to 1.51%. These coefficients are about 10% of those for goats. Variance of a single measurement taken during a 15-min recording was 36.48 when mean flow was 674.3 ml/min and systematic effects from time were removed. Residual variance during a 15-min period not adjusted for systematic time trends was 41.40. Heterogeneity of variance suggests caution in testing treatment effects on mammary blood flow because of possible excessive significant F tests.
An Optimal Lower Bound for the Diophantine Problem of Frobenius

Given $N$ positive integers $a_1, . , a_N$ with $\gcd(a_1, ., a_N)=1$, let $f_N$ denote the largest natural number which is not a positive integer combination of $a_1, . , a_N$. This paper gives an optimal lower bound for $f_N$ in terms of the absolute inhomogeneous minimum of the standard $(N-1)$-simplex.
Analysis of aromatic catabolic pathways in Pseudomonas putida KT 2440 using a combined proteomic approach: 2‐DE/MS and cleavable isotope‐coded affinity tag analysis

Proteomic analysis of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 cultured in monocyclic aromatic compounds was performed using 2‐DE/MS and cleavable isotope‐coded affinity tag (ICAT) to determine whether proteins involved in aromatic compound degradation pathways were altered as predicted by genomic analysis (Jiménez et al., Environ Microbiol. 2002, 4, 824–841). Eighty unique proteins were identified by 2‐DE/MS or MS/MS analysis from P. putida KT2440 cultured in the presence of six different organic compounds. Benzoate dioxygenase (BenA, BenD) and catechol 1,2‐dioxygenase (CatA) were induced by benzoate. Protocatechuate 3,4‐dixoygenase (PcaGH) was induced by p‐hydroxybenzoate and vanilline. β‐Ketoadipyl CoA thiolase (PcaF) and 3‐oxoadipate enol‐lactone hydrolase (PcaD) were induced by benzoate, p‐hydroxybenzoate and vanilline, suggesting that benzoate, p‐hydroxybenzoate and vanilline were degraded by different dioxygenases and then converged in the same β‐ketoadipate degradation pathway. An additional 110 proteins, including 19 proteins from 2‐DE analysis, were identified by cleavable ICAT analysis for benzoate‐induced proteomes, which complemented the 2‐DE results. Phenylethylamine exposure induced β‐ketoacyl CoA thiolase (PhaD) and ring‐opening enzyme (PhaL), both enzymes of the phenylacetate (pha) biodegradation pathway. Phenylalanine induced 4‐hydroxyphenyl‐pyruvate dioxygenase (Hpd) and homogentisate 1,2‐dioxygenase (HmgA), key enzymes in the homogentisate degradation pathway. Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AphC) was induced under all aromatic compounds conditions. These results suggest that proteome analysis complements and supports predictive information obtained by genomic sequence analysis.
Understanding Bystander Behavior: The Influence of and Interaction Between Bystander Characteristics and Situational Factors

Abstract Most researchers point to the death of Kitty Genovese in 1964 as the genesis of interest in studying bystander response to crime (Laner, Benin, & Ventrone, 2001; Levine, Cassidy, Brazier, & Reicher, 2002; Moriarty, 1975; Schwartz & Gottlieb, 1980). Since then, researchers have examined the role of situational variables and of victim, perpetrator, and bystander characteristics on whether or not bystander intervention occurs. In the present study, the researchers used a factorial design to determine whether the self-reported likelihood of bystander intervention and type of intervention (passive/active) varied by the location of the offense, time constraints, and bystander characteristics (e.g., height/weight, self-defense training, and life-saving training). Results suggest that gender, race, location of offense, self-defense training, and height and weight play a role in self-reported bystander behavior. An interaction between gender, location of offense, and self-defense training was also evident.
PALLOC: DRAM bank-aware memory allocator for performance isolation on multicore platforms

DRAM consists of multiple resources called banks that can be accessed in parallel and independently maintain state information. In Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) multicore platforms, banks are typically shared among all cores, even though programs running on the cores do not share memory space. In this situation, memory performance is highly unpredictable due to contention in the shared banks. In this paper, we propose PALLOC, a DRAM bank-aware memory allocator which exploits the page-based virtual memory system to allocate memory pages of each application to specific banks. With PALLOC, we can dynamically partition banks to avoid bank sharing among cores, thereby improving isolation on COTS multicore platforms without requiring any special hardware support. We performed an extensive set of experiments to investigate the performance impact of DRAM bank partitioning on two COTS multicore platforms with a set of synthetic and SPEC2006 benchmarks. Our evaluation results demonstrate that DRAM bank partitioning significantly improves isolation and real-time performance.