Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ELLs with Disabilities Report 19 Reading , Mathematics , and Science Instructional Strategies for English Language Learners with Disabilities : Insights from Educators Nationwide

(2008). Reading, mathematics , and science instructional strategies for English language learners with disabilities: Insights from educators nationwide (ELLs with Disabilities Report 19). Minneapolis, The University of Minnesota is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to its programs, Overview Introduction The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 2001—No Child Left Behind (NCLB)—has set a standard of accountability for the education of the broad range of learners in U.S. schools, including English language learners (ELLs) served under Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) in special education. The most modest estimates indicate that 9% of the total ELL population is served in special education programs State graduation standards typically are not designed with the additional supports that could guide educators in the use of instructional strategies for the range of diverse learners in schools (Albus, Thurlow, & Clapper, 2007). Current research on instructional practices for ELLs is scarce and often inferential from the practices employed for more general populations of learners (cf. Thurlow, Albus, Shyyan, Liu, & Barrera, 2004). As a result, educational practitioners are likely to generate instructional strategies based on their individual professional experiences, colleagues, and other sources of information including agencies providing technical assistance and professional development. The difficulty here is that teachers may access a wide range of sources with varying degrees of accuracy and relevancy to support the instructional demands of students whose education is hampered by both a lack of fluency in English and disability-related learning problems. In a recent study, Thurlow and colleagues (Thurlow et al., 2004) examined the nature of the teaching methods used by practitioners in a Midwestern state serving ELLs with disabilities. They found that some of the strategies identified for use with ELLs with and without disabilities consisted mainly of more generic teaching principles such as " pre-, during-, and post-reading strategies " (Thurlow et al., 2004, p. 10). Moreover, there seemed to be little consensus about how a " strategy " is defined; hence, some identified strategies consisted of a combination of methods, approaches, and learning activities. In no case did educators seem to have access to methods specifically identified to address the needs of ELLs with disabilities. Of note was that a list of expert-determined methods and strategies identified from a review of research (cf. on the instruction of ELLs with disabilities (e.g., direct teaching of vocabulary, curriculum-based probes, and graphic organizers) received significantly lower appraisals …
Developmental Impact of Inclusion Classrooms on Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

This systematic review examines the developmental impact inclusion classrooms have on children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). An extensive review of current literature resulted in nine articles included in this study. The common themes identified in the literature include: social interaction; teacher preparedness; impact of age on education; and individuality of education. Results indicated that the educational setting alone does not impact the development of children with ASD. Further research needs to be completed in order to fill the gap in literature regarding the cognitive developmental impact educational settings produce and determinants of the best educational setting for children with ASD. Running head: INCLUSION IMPACT ON ASD iii Table of
Quality-Control Culture System Restores Diabetic Endothelial Progenitor Cell Vasculogenesis and Accelerates Wound Closure

Delayed diabetic wound healing is, in part, the result of inadequate endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) proliferation, mobilization, and trafficking. Recently, we developed a serum-free functional culture system called the quality and quantity culture (QQc) system that enhances the number and vasculogenic potential of EPCs. We hypothesize that QQc restoration of diabetic EPC function will improve wound closure. To test this hypothesis, we measured diabetic c-kit+Sca-1+lin− (KSL) cell activity in vitro as well as the effect of KSL cell–adoptive transfer on the rate of euglycemic wound closure before and after QQc. KSL cells were magnetically sorted from control and streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic C57BL6J bone marrow. Freshly isolated control and diabetic KSL cells were cultured in QQc for 7 days and pre-QQc and post-QQc KSL function testing. The number of KSL cells significantly increased after QQc for both diabetic subjects and controls, and diabetic KSL increased vasculogenic potential above the fresh control KSL level. Similarly, fresh diabetic cells form fewer tubules, but QQc increases diabetic tubule formation to levels greater than that of fresh control cells (P < 0.05). Adoptive transfer of post-QQc diabetic KSL cells significantly enhances wound closure compared with fresh diabetic KSL cells and equaled wound closure of post-QQc control KSL cells. Post-QQc diabetic KSL enhancement of wound closure is mediated, in part, via a vasculogenic mechanism. This study demonstrates that QQc can reverse diabetic EPC dysfunction and achieve control levels of EPC function. Finally, post-QQc diabetic EPC therapy effectively improved euglycemic wound closure and may improve diabetic wound healing.
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis in the elderly patients

Abstract Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis (DNM) is a polymicrobic, dangerous and often fatal process, arising from head or neck infections and spreading along the deep fascial cervical planes, descending into the mediastinum. It can rapidly progress to sepsis and can frequently lead to death. It has a high mortality rate, up to 40% in the different series, as described in the literature. Surgical and therapeutic management has been discussed for long time especially in an elderly patient population. The literature has been reviewed in order to evaluate different pathogenesis and evolution and to recognise a correct therapeutic management.
Competitive Equilibria in Two Sided Matching Markets with Non-transferable Utilities

We consider two sided matching markets consisting of agents with non-transferable utilities; agents from the opposite sides form matching pairs (e.g., buyers-sellers) and negotiate the terms of their math which may include a monetary transfer. Competitive equilibria are the elements of the core of this game. We present the rst combinatorial characterization of competitive equilibria that relates the utility of each agent at equilibrium to the equilibrium utilities of other agents in a strictly smaller market excluding that agent; thus automatically providing a constructive proof of existence of competitive equilibria in such markets. Our characterization also yields a group strategyproof mechanism for allocating indivisible goods to unit demand buyers with non-quasilinear utilities that highly resembles the Vickrey{Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism. As a direct application of this, we present a group strategyproof welfare maximizing mechanism for Ad-Auctions without requiring the usual assumption that search engine and advertisers have consistent estimates of the clickthrough rates.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PTP1B Is Involved in Hippocampal Synapse Formation and Learning

ER-bound PTP1B is expressed in hippocampal neurons, and accumulates among neurite contacts. PTP1B dephosphorylates ß-catenin in N-cadherin complexes ensuring cell-cell adhesion. Here we show that endogenous PTP1B, as well as expressed GFP-PTP1B, are present in dendritic spines of hippocampal neurons in culture. GFP-PTP1B overexpression does not affect filopodial density or length. In contrast, impairment of PTP1B function or genetic PTP1B-deficiency leads to increased filopodia-like dendritic spines and a reduction in mushroom-like spines, while spine density is unaffected. These morphological alterations are accompanied by a disorganization of pre- and post-synapses, as judged by decreased clustering of synapsin-1 and PSD-95, and suggest a dynamic synaptic phenotype. Notably, levels of ß-catenin-Tyr-654 phosphorylation increased ∼5-fold in the hippocampus of adult PTP1B−/− (KO) mice compared to wild type (WT) mice and this was accompanied by a reduction in the amount of ß-catenin associated with N-cadherin. To determine whether PTP1B-deficiency alters learning and memory, we generated mice lacking PTP1B in the hippocampus and cortex (PTP1Bfl/fl–Emx1-Cre). PTP1Bfl/fl–Emx1-Cre mice displayed improved performance in the Barnes maze (decreased time to find and enter target hole), utilized a more efficient strategy (cued), and had better recall compared to WT controls. Our results implicate PTP1B in structural plasticity within the hippocampus, likely through modulation of N-cadherin function by ensuring dephosphorylation of ß-catenin on Tyr-654. Disruption of hippocampal PTP1B function or expression leads to elongation of dendritic filopodia and improved learning and memory, demonstrating an exciting novel role for this phosphatase.
Promoting cultural diversity: African music in Australian teacher education

Australia is forged by ongoing migration, welcoming a range of cultures, languages and ethnicities, celebrating a diverse range of the Arts. In this multicultural society, music and dance may serve as a positive medium to transmit and promote social cohesion. I argue that the inclusion of innovative and immersive practice of African music in teaching units may foster understandings of culture in education settings. In this paper I discuss tertiary students' experience in relation to the teaching and learning of African music within higher education courses. Drawing on interview data with six sessionals, questionnaire data, observation notes, anecdotal feedback and narrative reflection, I employ Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to analyse and code the data into two broad themes. By offering a discussion on teaching and learning African music, I invite international dialogue regarding best practice for preparing, assessing and evaluating our students to raise/enhance the quality of Musical Arts Education.
Efficacy of early diagnosis and treatment in women with a family history of breast cancer. European Familial Breast Cancer Collaborative Group.

BACKGROUND Surveillance programmes for women at increased genetic risk of breast cancer are being established worldwide but little is known of their efficacy in early detection of cancers and hence reduction in mortality. METHODS Data were contributed from seven centres participating in the EU Demonstration Programme on Clinical Services for Familial Breast Cancer. All breast tumours (n = 161) detected prospectively, from the time of enrolment of women in a screening programme, were recorded. Analysis took account of age at diagnosis, whether tumours were screen-detected or not, their pathological stage and outcome by Kaplan-Meier survival plots. RESULTS Mean age at diagnosis was 48.6 years. Overall, 75% of tumours were detected in the course of planned examinations. For women under age 50 at diagnosis, this figure was 68%. Eighteen percent were mammographically negative, (23% in patients under age 50). At first ("prevalence") round and at follow-up screening, 16% and 22% of tumours respectively were carcinoma in situ (CIS) while 27% and 22% respectively had evidence of nodal or distant spread (CaN+). Comparison of screen-detected and other tumours showed that the latter were more frequently mammogram-negative and CaN+. Overall five-year survival was 89% and five-year event-free survival 86%. Five-year event-free survival was 100% for CIS, 88% for invasive cancer without nodal or distant spread and 67% for CaN+. CONCLUSIONS The majority of cancers arising in women at increased genetic risk of breast cancer can be detected by planned screening, even in those under age 50. Surveillance should include regular expert clinical examination and teaching of "breast awareness" as well as mammography. Attention to the logistics of screening programmes may improve still further the proportion of tumours that are screen-detected. The trend towards earlier pathological stage in tumours detected during follow-up rounds and the preliminary findings on survival analysis suggest that this approach will prove to be of long-term benefit for breast cancer families.
Physical activity energy expenditure predicts progression toward the metabolic syndrome independently of aerobic fitness in middle-aged healthy Caucasians: the Medical Research Council Ely Study.

OBJECTIVE To examine over a period of 5.6 years the prospective associations between physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), aerobic fitness (Vo(2max)), obesity, and the progression toward the metabolic syndrome in a population-based cohort of middle-aged men and women (n = 605) who were free of the metabolic syndrome at baseline. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS PAEE was measured objectively by individually calibrated heart rate against energy expenditure. Vo(2max) was predicted from a submaximal exercise stress test. Fat mass and fat-free mass were assessed by bio-impedance. A metabolic syndrome score was computed by summing the standardized values for obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and the inverse level of HDL cholesterol and expressed as a continuously distributed outcome. Generalized linear models were used to examine the independent prospective associations between PAEE and Vo(2max) and the metabolic syndrome score after adjusting for sex, baseline age, smoking, socioeconomic status, follow-up time, and baseline phenotypes. RESULTS PAEE predicted progression toward the metabolic syndrome, independent of baseline metabolic syndrome, body fat, Vo(2max), and other confounding factors (standardized beta = -0.00085, P = 0.046). This association was stronger when excluding the adiposity component from the metabolic syndrome (standardized beta = -0.0011, P = 0.035). Vo(2max) was not an independent predictor of the metabolic syndrome after adjusting for physical activity (standardized beta = 0.00011, P = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS PAEE predicts progression toward the metabolic syndrome independent of aerobic fitness, obesity, and other confounding factors. This finding underscores the importance of physical activity for metabolic disease prevention even when an improvement in aerobic fitness is absent.
Sizing up the Adversary: Leader Attributes, Credibility, and Reciprocation in International Conflict Sizing up the Adversary: Leader Attributes, Credibility, and Reciprocation in International Conflict

Leaders negotiate, not states, yet the extensive body of work on credibility in international interactions focuses almost exclusively on regime type. In this paper we argue that when sizing up the credibility of a threat, leaders draw cues from the experiential and physical attributes of their adversary as well as the political institutions of the country they govern. Specifically, we assess military experience, age, gender, and paths to power—attributes that are directly related to risk acceptance and attitudes toward the use of force. Because these attributes bear a relationship with the propensity of leaders to bluff or initiate disputes and are transparent to their adversaries, they become powerful heuristics that provide insight into credibility. Drawing on new data on leader attributes, we provide evidence of this influence in the context of both dispute and compellent threat reciprocation. How credible are the cues sent by world leaders? When Kim Jong Un threatens a nuclear attack on South Korea and nearby U.S. military bases if his country’s enemies “make even the slightest movement,” should we believe him? How accurately do world leaders interpret the signals sent by others? The underlying question of the extent to which leaders can effectively send and interpret credible signals is critical to international relations. Research by Fearon (1994), Schultz (1998), and others suggests that the ability of states to make credible commitments—to war, peace, or diplomacy—is essential to success in international
Relational Challenges and Breakthroughs: How Pre-Service English Teachers’ Figured Worlds Impact Their Relationships with Students

Background/Context Figured worlds have been conceptualized as spaces, or “realms,” where individuals assign meaning and significance to actors and characters or come to understand what they take as “typical or normal. ” This study applies a lens of figured worlds to descriptions that pre-service teachers (PSTs) give of themselves and their relationships with students they said were challenging to teach. Purpose/Objective Research focused on two questions: (1) How do PSTs describe their own figured worlds in relation to those of their students? (2) What challenges and breakthroughs do PSTs describe in their efforts to understand students’ figured worlds through relationship building? Setting Data are from a cohort of secondary English education PSTs during teacher preparation at a large public university in a South Atlantic state. Population/Participants/Subjects At graduation, the cohort consisted of 15 members, all of whom participated in our study. All of the participants were women of typical university student age. Participants described their race/ethnicity as White (11), Korean (1), Filipino-American (1), Chinese-American (1), and Hispanic (1). Research Design This qualitative study uses open-coding analysis to consider ways PSTs talked about their figured worlds and their student relationships across their two-year English education teacher preparation. Data include field notes of course discussions and practice-teaching observations, interviews, course presentations, lesson plans, and course assignments, especially from three teaching inquiry projects that PSTs completed during their program. The researchers take a practitioner-inquirer stance, as they were both involved in helping prepare the cohort. Findings/Results Among Question 1 findings, PSTs reveal various individual figured worlds in addition to several group-defined figured worlds, including group identities such as: women; students who had themselves excelled in school; new, young, and inexperienced teachers; people identifying strongly with English content; and people of privilege. Among Question 2 findings, PSTs overwhelmingly viewed relationships with students as important; however, they experienced many challenges and breakthroughs in building those relationships. Conclusions/Recommendations PSTs entered their preparation and their student-teaching classrooms with their own figured worlds about themselves and what teacher–student relationships should look like. In practice teaching, however, they experienced many challenges to building the types of relationships they expected. And they also experienced breakthroughs in improving these relationships. For teacher educators, it is important to understand the figured worlds that PSTs bring to teacher–student relationships and to help them in understanding that students’ figured worlds might not align with their own.
Defense Mechanisms, Remembered Parental Caregiving, and Adult Attachment Style

The empirical study of defense mechanisms has taken place in relative isolation, with few connections to other fields deriving from psychodynamic theories, including attachment. This study aimed to explore the associations of remembered childhood caregiving and defense mechanisms with adult attachment styles in a nonclinical sample. Furthermore, we investigated which defenses are associated with specific insecure attachment styles. Participants were 238 university students (mean age = 28.11 years, SD = 9.42; 24.4% male) who volunteered to complete a set of questionnaires including the Response Evaluation Measure-71, the Attachment Style Questionnaire, and the Measure of Parenting Style. The main contribution to adult attachment style is given by immature defenses, which are associated with all dimensions of insecure attachment, and inversely related to secure attachment. Mature defenses seemed to play a secondary role because they predicted only secure attachment significantly. Maternal and paternal rearing style showed no significant effect on attachment scores, with the only exception of paternal abuse on need for approval and maternal overprotection on preoccupation with relationships and relationships as secondary. Splitting and repression emerged as mechanisms that characterized the avoidant dimension of insecure attachment, whereas the anxious dimension of attachment showed associations with projection and fantasy. The results support the hypothesis that immature defenses are a correlate of insecure attachment in adults and that specific defense configurations are associated with the avoidant and anxious components of attachment.
$Q$-universal desingularization

We prove that the algorithm for desingularization of algebraic varieties in characteristic zero of the first two authors is functorial with respect to regular morphisms. For this purpose, we show that, in characteristic zero, a regular morphism with connected affine source can be factored into a smooth morphism, a ground-field extension and a generic-fibre embedding. Every variety of characteristic zero admits a regular morphism to a Q-variety. The desingularization algorithm is therefore Q-universal or absolute in the sense that it is induced from its restriction to varieties over Q. As a consequence, for example, the algorithm extends functorially to localizations and Henselizations of varieties.
Comparing Detection Methods for Software Requirements Inspections: A Replicated Experiment

Software requirements specifications (SRS) are often validated manually. One such process is inspection, in which several reviewers independently analyze all or part of the specification and search for faults. These faults are then collected at a meeting of the reviewers and author(s). Usually, reviewers use Ad Hoc or Checklist methods to uncover faults. These methods force all reviewers to rely on nonsystematic techniques to search for a wide variety of faults. We hypothesize that a Scenario-based method, in which each reviewer uses different, systematic techniques to search for different, specific classes of faults, will have a significantly higher success rate. We evaluated this hypothesis using a 3/spl times/2/sup 4/ partial factorial, randomized experimental design. Forty eight graduate students in computer science participated in the experiment. They were assembled into sixteen, three-person teams. Each team inspected two SRS using some combination of Ad Hoc, Checklist or Scenario methods. For each inspection we performed four measurements: (1) individual fault detection rate, (2) team fault detection rate, (3) percentage of faults first identified at the collection meeting (meeting gain rate), and (4) percentage of faults first identified by an individual, but never reported at the collection meeting (meeting loss rate). The experimental results are that (1) the Scenario method had a higher fault detection rate than either Ad Hoc or Checklist methods, (2) Scenario reviewers were more effective at detecting the faults their scenarios are designed to uncover, and were no less effective at detecting other faults than both Ad Hoc or Checklist reviewers, (3) Checklist reviewers were no more effective than Ad Hoc reviewers, and (4) Collection meetings produced no net improvement in the fault detection rate-meeting gains were offset by meeting losses. >