Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrolysis of Virgin Coconut Oil Using Immobilized Lipase in a Batch Reactor

Hydrolysis of virgin coconut oil (VCO) had been carried out by using an immobilised lipase from Mucor miehei (Lipozyme) in a water-jacketed batch reactor. The kinetic of the hydrolysis was investigated by varying the parameters such as VCO concentration, enzyme loading, water content, and reaction temperature. It was found that VCO exhibited substrate inhibition at the concentration more than 40% (v/v). Lipozyme also achieved the highest production of free fatty acids, 4.56 mM at 1% (w/v) of enzyme loading. The optimum water content for VCO hydrolysis was 7% (v/v). A relatively high content of water was required because water was one of the reactants in the hydrolysis. The progress curve and the temperature profile of the enzymatic hydrolysis also showed that Lipozyme could be used for free fatty acid production at the temperature up to 50°C. However, the highest initial reaction rate and the highest yield of free fatty acid production were at 45 and 40°C, respectively. A 100 hours of initial reaction time has to be compensated in order to obtain the highest yield of free fatty acid production at 40°C.
A Practical Scheme for Relaying in Sensor Networks Using Repeat-Accumulate Codes

Given limitations with current technology, nodes in a sensor network have stringent energy and complexity constraints. This paper presents a scheme for cooperation via relaying and error-control coding in sensor networks, using punctured systematic repeat-accumulate codes. Assuming knowledge of the source-relay channel quality, we use density evolution to show that the proposed scheme achieves good performance and a good energy tradeoff despite low computational complexity. An interesting additional benefit of such a scheme is the notion of fractional cooperation by a relay node. As a motivating example, we analyze networks of up to ten cooperating nodes in Rayleigh fading, which communicate with a more sophisticated receiver.
Within-Semester Stability and Adjustment Correlates of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale

Subscale scores from R. O. Frost, P. Marten, C. Lahart, and R. Rosenblate's (1990) Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale were found to be moderately stable over a 10-week period. Associations between perfectionism and self-esteem, depression, and academic integration yielded mixed support for the criterion-related validity of the scores from this perfectionism measure.
Computer Fluency, Access to Technology, and Attitudes Towards Technologically-Based Therapeutic Tools Among Practicing Clinicians

Researchers in the field of dissemination and implementation of evidence-based practices have begun to develop computer-assisted therapies and computer-based training programs in an attempt to increase the level of evidence-based care in clinical practice settings. However, little to no work has attempted to understand potential barriers to the use of these technological tools in clinical practice settings (e.g., whether therapists are willing and able to use them). For these tools to be utilized successfully by therapists on a broad scale, therapists would need a certain level of computer skills, access to computer equipment, and willingness to adopt the technology in treatment. This study seeks to begin to understand these factors using survey data from a national sample of mental health counselors (N = 392). Respondents reported on their computer fluency and access to technology, in addition to completing two measures of therapist attitudes that were designed for this study: the Computer-Assisted Therapy Attitudes Scale (CATAS) and the Computer-Based Training Attitudes Scale (CBTAS). Confirmatory factor analyses supported a predicted two factor structure (belief in efficacy, comfort with using) for each scale. Encouragingly, overall therapist attitudes towards these tools were positive, their computer fluency levels were moderately high, and many (90.8%) reported having access to a computer at work. Analyses also examined predictors of attitudes. Predictors of positive attitudes included higher general openness to new treatments, higher computer fluency, and identifying with a cognitive-behavioral theoretical orientation. Results suggest that on the whole, therapists may be likely to integrate these tools into their clinical practice. However, therapists may vary both in their willingness and ability to use these tools.
Interventions for treating mallet finger injuries.

BACKGROUND Mallet finger, also called drop or baseball finger, is where the end of a finger cannot be actively straightened out due to injury of the extensor tendon mechanism. Treatment commonly involves splintage of the finger for six or more weeks. Less frequently, surgical fixation is used to correct the deformity. OBJECTIVES To examine the evidence for the relative effectiveness of different methods of treating mallet finger injuries. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group trials register (November 2003), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2004), MEDLINE (1966 to February week 2 2004), EMBASE (1988 to 2004 week 8), other databases, reference lists of articles and various conference proceedings. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised clinical trials evaluating different interventions, including no intervention, for treating mallet finger injuries. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently performed study selection, quality assessment and data extraction. Study authors were contacted for additional information. MAIN RESULTS Four trials were included. These involved a total of 278, mainly adult, participants with 283 mallet finger injuries. All four trials were methodologically flawed, including inadequate outcome assessment. Three trials compared different types of finger splints versus a standard Stack splint. One trial found a lower incidence of treatment failure in participants treated with a perforated custom-made splint. One trial found there were fewer complications in participants treated with a padded aluminium-alloy malleable finger splint; however, the incidence of treatment failure was similar in the two treatment groups. One trial evaluating the Abouna splint found a similar incidence of treatment failure in the two groups. However, the Abouna splint often needed replacing due to disintegration of its rubber cover and rusting of the exposed wires and was also less popular with participants. The fourth trial found no statistically significant differences between participants whose mallet finger was treated with Kirschner wire fixation and those with a Pryor and Howard splint. Similar numbers had complications in the two groups. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS There was insufficient evidence from comparisons tested within randomised trials to establish the relative effectiveness of different, either custom-made or off-the-shelf, finger splints used for treating mallet finger injury. There was a useful reminder that splints used for prolonged immobilisation should be robust enough for everyday use, and of the central importance of patient adherence to instructions for splint use. There was insufficient evidence to determine when surgery is indicated.
Bisphosphonate-coated BSA nanoparticles lack bone targeting after systemic administration

A polymeric conjugate of polyethyleneimine-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) and 2-(3-mercaptopropylsulfanyl)-ethyl-1,1-bisphosphonic acid (PEI-PEG-thiolBP) was prepared and used for surface coating of bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles (NPs) designed for bone-specific delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). The NP coating was achieved with a dialysis and an evaporation method, and the obtained NPs were characterized by particle size, ζ-potential, morphology, and cytotoxicity in vitro. The particle size and surface charge of the NPs could be effectively tuned by the PEG and thiolBP substitution ratios of the conjugate, the coating method, and the polymer concentration used for coating. The PEG modification on PEI reduced the toxicity of PEI and the coated NPs, based on in vitro assessment with human C2C12 cells and rat bone marrow stromal cells. On the basis of an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) induction assay, the NP-encapsulated BMP-2 displayed full retention of its bioactivity, except for BMP-2 in PEI-coated NPs. By encapsulating 125I-labeled BMP-2, the polymer-coated NPs were assessed for hydroxyapatite (HA) affinity; all NP-encapsulated BMP-2 showed significant affinity to HA as compared with free BMP-2 in vitro, and the PEI-PEG-thiolBP coated NPs improved the in vivo retention of BMP-2 compared with uncoated NPs. However, the biodistribution of NPs after intravenous injection in a rat model indicated no beneficial effects of thiolBP-coated NPs for bone targeting. Our results suggested that the BP-conjugated NPs are useful for localized delivery of BMP-2 in bone repair and regeneration, but they are not effective for bone targeting after intravenous administration.
Estimation of the Anaerobic Threshold from Heart Rate Variability in an Incremental Swimming Test

Abstract Di Michele, R, Gatta, G, Di Leo, A, Cortesi, M, Andina, F, Tam, E, Da Boit, M, and Merni, F. Estimation of the anaerobic threshold from heart rate variability in an incremental swimming test. J Strength Cond Res 26(11): 3059–3066, 2012—This study aimed to evaluate, in swimming, the agreement between the anaerobic threshold (AT) as determined from the analysis of blood lactate concentration ([La]) and from a new method based on the heart rate (HR) variability (HRV). Fourteen high-level swimmers completed an incremental 7 × 200-m front crawl test, during which the HRV was measured continuously and [La] was collected after each step. To individuate the AT, the trends of the high-frequency HRV spectral power (HFPOW) and of the fraction of HFPOW relative to the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (HFPOW-RSA) were analyzed. In all the subjects, an abrupt increase of both HFPOW and HFPOW-RSA was observed and associated with the AT. The AT parameters determined, respectively, from [La] and HFPOW-RSA were similar (p > 0.05) and highly correlated (HR: 182.0 ± 8.1 vs. 181.1 ± 8.2 b·min−1, r = 0.93, 95% limits of agreement [LoA]: −6.7 to 4.9 b·min−1; velocity: 1.47 ± 0.11 vs. 1.47 ± 0.11 m·s−1, r = 0.98, 95% LoA: −0.05 to 0.05 m·s−1). Instead, the AT HR and velocity obtained from HFPOW (179.2 ± 8.4 b·min−1; 1.45 ± 0.11 m·s−1) were correlated to the corresponding parameters determined from [La] (HR: r = 0.84; velocity: r = 0.94) but underestimated them slightly (95% LoA: −11.9 to 6.3 b·min−1 and −0.11 to 0.05 m·s−1). These results demonstrate that the AT can be assessed from the HRV in swimming, providing an important testing tool for coaches. Furthermore, using the actual respiratory spectral component, rather than the total HF spectral power, allows us to obtain a more accurate estimate of AT parameters.
Thyroid papillary carcinoma associated to Hashimoto's thyroiditis

There is controversy in the literature regarding the association between papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and as to what would be the etiological relationship between them. Objective To establish the proportion of cases among patients with TH and CPT, correlating it with histomorphological aspects. Method A retrospective study of patients undergoing partial or total thyroidectomy for PTC between 2007 and 2009, a total of 41 cases. Results Regarding the association of HT and CPT, we found 11 cases (26.8%), all females, but without statistical significance. The mean age was 44.9 years among the patients with coexistent TH and CPT, whereas it was 49.1 years without that association. The average size of tumors in those without TH was 20.53 mm and for those with TH it was 12.72 mm (p = 0.4). Regarding pathology staging, the ratiosbetween those with and those without TH were kept in T1a, T1b and T3. In T2, there were no cases of coexistence of HT and PTC. Conclusion There is a rate of 26.8% of patients with association between TH and CPT, but without differences in relation to tumor size.
Age and Choice in Health Insurance: Evidence from Switzerland

Elements of regulation inherent in most social health insurance systems are a uniform package of benefits and uniform cost sharing. Both elements risk to burden the population with a welfare loss if preferences differ. This suggests introducing more contracted choice; however, it is widely believed that this would not benefit the aged. This study examines the relationship between age and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for additional options in Swiss social health insurance. Through discrete choice experiments (DCE), a marked diversity of preferences can be established. The findings suggest that while the aged do exhibit more status quo bias, they require less rather than more specific compensation for selected cutbacks considered, pointing to potential for contracts that induce self-rationing in return for lower premiums.
Applying the Quit & Win contest model in the Vietnamese community in Santa Clara County

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of modifying and applying a Quit & Win contest model to Vietnamese Americans. DESIGN Uncontrolled trial, multicomponent program, including two Quit & Win incentive contests, smoking cessation classes, videotape broadcasts, and newspaper articles. SUBJECTS AND SETTING Vietnamese smokers living in Santa Clara County, California. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Contest participation rates and quit rates at six month follow up; saliva cotinine validation of quitting. RESULTS There were 57 eligible contest entrants to the 1995 contest, approximately 0.9% of the potential pool of smokers, and 32 entrants to the 1996 contest, approximately 0.5% of the potential pool. Overall, 48 of 49 (98%) individuals who said that they had quit smoking had validation of that fact by saliva cotinine testing. At six months, telephone follow up of 76 individuals revealed a self reported continued abstinence rate of 84.2%. CONCLUSION Modification and application of the Quit & Win contest model for Vietnamese resulted not only in reasonable participation by Vietnamese male smokers, but also good success in initial quitting and an unexpectedly high abstinence rate at six month follow up.
Periplasmic maltose-binding protein confers specificity on the outer membrane maltose pore of Escherichia coli

ompB mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 are markedly deficient in porin in their outer membrane. This results in a decreased rate of uptake for many substrates: the maltose pore (lambda receptor) can in some circumstances, in the absence of the periplasmic maltose-binding protein, compensate for the consequent defects in permeability to lactose, mannitol, glycylglycyl-L-valine, and tri-L-ornithine. It is postulated that the maltose-binding protein associates with the maltose pore and confers on it the specificity for maltose, and that the absence of the maltose-binding protein leaves the pore open and results in enhanced transmembrane diffusion of molecules other than maltose. This paper presents evidence to support this hypothesis.
Characterization of Enterobacteriaceae producing OXA-48-like carbapenemases in the UK.

OBJECTIVES To characterize UK clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae producing OXA-48-like carbapenemases and to compare their resistance plasmids. METHODS Twenty-six enterobacteria producing OXA-48-like enzymes were studied. These were from 22 diverse hospitals in the UK. Isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were assigned to clonal lineages by multilocus sequence typing. Carbapenemase genes and their genetic environments were characterized by PCR and sequencing. Resistance plasmids were transferred by transformation or conjugation and compared by restriction analysis and PCR for genes encoding critical plasmid functions. RESULTS Thirteen isolates of K. pneumoniae, 10 E. coli and 2 Enterobacter cloacae harboured a classical bla(OXA-48) gene; the K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to 11 sequence types (STs) and the E. coli to 7 STs, including ST131 and ST38. The bla(OXA-48) genes were located within either Tn1999 or Tn1999.2 transposons on related ≈ 50 kb or ≈ 62 kb plasmids, which lacked other resistance genes or, in one isolate, on an ≈ 140 kb plasmid that also encoded OXA-9 and CTX-M group-9 β-lactamases. One India-linked K. pneumoniae isolate had a bla(OXA-181) gene in association with an ISEcp1 insertion sequence on a 7 kb plasmid. CONCLUSIONS Horizontal transfer of related plasmids has facilitated the spread of OXA-48 carbapenemase into multiple strains of several Enterobacteriaceae species. The clonal diversity of the producers suggests repeated introduction into the UK. Low carbapenem MICs for some producers complicates detection and creates a risk for unrecognized spread.
A Multiple Regression and Concurrent Validity Analysis of High School Seniors' Social Competence, Ability to Manage Emotions, and Their Time Spent on Facebook

s International: Section B: The Sciences an d E gineering, 61 (4-B), 2255. Gresham, F. M. (1984). Social skills and self-effic acy for exceptional children. Exceptional Children, 51(3), 253-264. Gresham, F. M. , & Elliott, S. (2008). Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales. Retrieved from http://www.pearsonassessments. com/d Gresham, F. M. , & Elliott, S. N. (1990). Social skills rating system . Minneapolis, MN: NCS Pearson. Gresham, F. M. , Elliott, S. N. , Vance, M. J., & Coo k, C. R. (2011). Comparability of the Social Skills Rating System to the Social Skills Improvem ent System: Content and psychometric comparisons across elementary and sec ondary age levels. School Psychology, 26 (1), 27-44. doi: 10.1037/a0022772 Gresham, F. M. , Elliott, S. N. , & Kettler, R. J. (2 010). Base rates of social skills acquisition/performance deficits, strengths, and p roblem behaviors: An analysis of the Social Skills Improvement System-Rating Scales . Psychological Assessment, 22(4), 809-815. doi: 10.1037/a0020255 Gross, R. , & Acquisti, A. (2005). Information revel ation and privacy in online social networks.
Initial growth pattern of children with cleft before alveolar bone graft stage according to cleft type.

OBJECTIVE To test the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the initial growth pattern among three cleft types before alveolar bone graft (ABG) according to cleft type (unilateral cleft lip and alveolus [UCLA], unilateral cleft lip and palate [UCLP], and cleft palate [CP]). MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples consisted of the UCLA group, the UCLP group, and the CP group. Individuals were treated with the identical surgical technique by the same surgeon and had no history of orthodontic/orthopedic treatment. Lateral cephalograms taken 1 month before ABG were analyzed using 29 variables. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) testing and bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS An increasing tendency for Class III relationships in the order of UCLA, UCLP, and CP was noted (ANB, AB-to-facial plane angle, AB-to-mandibular plane angle; P < .001, respectively). UCLP and CP groups demonstrated more posterior positioning of the maxilla (SNA, A-to-N-perp; P < .001, respectively) and a hyperdivergent pattern (gonial angle, SN-GoMe angle, FMA; P < .001, respectively) compared with the UCLA group. Because no differences in palatal plane angle and SN-to-occlusal plane angle were noted among the three groups, the hyperdivergent pattern in the UCLP and CP groups might be due to an innate growth pattern and eventual adaptation of the mandible to maxillary growth. UCLP and CP groups showed more Class III relationships (ANB: P < .05, P < .001, respectively) and a more hyperdivergent pattern (FMA: P < .05, P < .01, respectively) than the UCLA group. CONCLUSION When the degree of cleft involvement increases from the primary palate to the secondary palate, the predominance of the Class III relationship and the hyperdivergent pattern increases also.
Tocopherols Play a Crucial Role in Low-Temperature Adaptation and Phloem Loading in Arabidopsis[W]

To test whether tocopherols (vitamin E) are essential in the protection against oxidative stress in plants, a series of Arabidopsis thaliana vitamin E (vte) biosynthetic mutants that accumulate different types and levels of tocopherols and pathway intermediates were analyzed under abiotic stress. Surprisingly subtle differences were observed between the tocopherol-deficient vte2 mutant and the wild type during high-light, salinity, and drought stresses. However, vte2, and to a lesser extent vte1, exhibited dramatic phenotypes under low temperature (i.e., increased anthocyanin levels and reduced growth and seed production). That these changes were independent of light level and occurred in the absence of photoinhibition or lipid peroxidation suggests that the mechanisms involved are independent of tocopherol functions in photoprotection. Compared with the wild type, vte1 and vte2 had reduced rates of photoassimilate export as early as 6 h into low-temperature treatment, increased soluble sugar levels by 60 h, and increased starch and reduced photosynthetic electron transport rate by 14 d. The rapid reduction in photoassimilate export in vte2 coincides with callose deposition exclusively in phloem parenchyma transfer cell walls adjacent to the companion cell/sieve element complex. Together, these results indicate that tocopherols have a more limited role in photoprotection than previously assumed but play crucial roles in low-temperature adaptation and phloem loading.
Shallow-Water Mud Acoustics

Abstract : Goals include the development of models and methods that explain observed material and acoustic properties of different physical types of shallow-ocean mud sediments. Other goals are to assess prior data relating to the acoustic properties of mud and to provide guidance in the development and interpretation of experiments. A related goal is to construct models that will guide inversion techniques for inferring properties of mud sediments, for estimating accuracy of results, and for use in applications. These goals are science relevant to resolving long-term Naval problems of transmission loss and array response in shallow water over mud sediments and of acoustic detection, localization, and classification of objects buried in mud.
Integrating Incremental Speech Recognition and POMDP-Based Dialogue Systems

The goal of this paper is to present a first step toward integrating Incremental Speech Recognition (ISR) and Partially-Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) based dialogue systems. The former provides support for advanced turn-taking behavior while the other increases the semantic accuracy of speech recognition results. We present an Incremental Interaction Manager that supports the use of ISR with strictly turn-based dialogue managers. We then show that using a POMDP-based dialogue manager with ISR substantially improves the semantic accuracy of the incremental results.
A Graphbased Framework for Multi-Task Multi-View Learning

Many real-world problems exhibit dual-heterogeneity. A single learning task might have features in multiple views (i.e., feature heterogeneity); multiple learning tasks might be related with each other through one or more shared views (i.e., task heterogeneity). Existing multi-task learning or multi-view learning algorithms only capture one type of heterogeneity. In this paper, we introduce Multi-Task Multi-View (M2TV) learning for such complicated learning problems with both feature heterogeneity and task heterogeneity. We propose a graph-based framework (GraM2) to take full advantage of the dual-heterogeneous nature. Our framework has a natural connection to Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS). Furthermore, we propose an iterative algorithm (IteM2) for GraM2 framework, and analyze its optimality, convergence and time complexity. Experimental results on various real data sets demonstrate its effectiveness.