Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The associations between abuse characteristics in child sexual abuse: a meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a general term describing a wide range of events that vary in characteristics such as the victim’s age of onset, relationship to the perpetrator, abuse quantity, degree of contact, and use of force. To investigate correlations and provide information on the clustering of these characteristics, the present meta-analysis included data from 14,494 sexually abused individuals from 62 empirical peer-reviewed studies and doctoral theses. The results showed that victims of intrafamilial abuse were younger than victims of extrafamilial abuse. More force was used in abuse including higher degrees of physical contact. Intrafamilial abuse and early onset of abuse showed no statistically significant associations with either use of force or closer physical contact. Abuse was more frequent and/or committed over a longer time period when it (a) featured more contact or force, (b) involved a relative as a perpetrator, or (c) commenced when the child was younger. The associations were weak to moderate in strength.
Osteopontin Is a Strong Predictor of Incipient Diabetic Nephropathy, Cardiovascular Disease, and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein suggested to be a player in the arterial disease of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, its role for complications in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unknown. We therefore investigated the associations between OPN and diabetic vascular complications and all-cause mortality in patients with T1D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Serum OPN was measured in 2,145 adults with T1D without end-stage renal disease (ESRD; dialysis or transplantation) as part of the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study. Data on renal status, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all-cause mortality during follow-up were verified from medical files, hospital discharge registries, and the Finnish National Death Registry, respectively. The median follow-up time was 10.5 (interquartile range 8.9–11.8) years. RESULTS Serum OPN was higher at baseline in patients who developed incident microalbuminuria (16.0 ± 0.9 vs. 14.1 ± 0.2 µg/L; P = 0.04), progressed to ESRD (28.3 ± 1.7 vs. 15.4 ± 0.2 µg/L; P < 0.001), suffered an incident CVD event (20.2 ± 1.2 vs. 15.5 ± 0.2 µg/L; P < 0.001), or died (23.3 ± 1.4 vs. 15.8 ± 0.2 µg/L; P < 0.001) during follow-up. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, OPN was independently associated with the development of incident microalbuminuria, an incident CVD event, and death, after adjustments for associated risk factors. Even after calculating reclassification indexes, OPN was predictive of CVD and all-cause mortality beyond the Framingham risk score covariates and hs-CRP. CONCLUSIONS Serum OPN is a strong predictor of incipient diabetic nephropathy, a first-ever CVD event, and all-cause mortality in patients with T1D. Serum OPN may be of clinical significance for the risk prediction of CVD events in patients with T1D.
Research and improvement of feature words weight based on TFIDF algorithm

With the development of cloud era, more and more people have been attracted by Big data. More and more applications involve large data. Analysis methods of large data is particularly important. This paper mainly analyzes and research feature words weight which are used in unstructured data classification of big data. Firstly, we combine the traditional feature words weight calculation method and analyze the shortcoming of traditional TF-IDF algorithm, It doesn't think about feature words distribution. It can lead that some feature words weight which don't have strong discrimination have heavier weight. Aiming at the shortage of TFIDF algorithm, combining with practical effect to text classification, this paper modify traditional TFIDF algorithm formula, excluding the inner impact to disturb characteristic, adding the concept of intra-class dispersion, presenting a new TFIDF algorithm. In the experiment, experimental data comes from People news about the financial, military, entertainment and sports four categories, respectively calculating test value by using the traditional TFIDF algorithm and improved TFIDF algorithm. Results show that improved TFIDF algorithm has higher accuracy than traditional TFIDF algorithms.
Fi Nite Commutative Ri Ngs

‡ Every function on a finite residue class ring D/I of a Dedekind domain D is induced by an integer-valued polynomial on D that preserves con-gruences mod I if and only if I is a power of a prime ideal. If R is a finite commutative local ring with maximal ideal P of nilpotency N satisfying for all a, b ∈ R, if ab ∈ P n then a ∈ P k , b ∈ P j with k + j ≥ min(n, N), we determine the number of functions (as well as the number of permutations) on R arising from polynomials in R[x]. For a finite commutative local ring whose maximal ideal is of nilpotency 2, we also determine the structure of the semigroup of functions and of the group of permutations induced on R by polynomials in R[x].
The Role of Capital in Financial Institutions Working Paper 95-01

This article examines the role of capital in financial institutions -why it is important, how market-generated capital 'requirements' differ from regulatory requirements, and the form that regulatory requirements should take. Along the way, we examine historical trends in bank capital, problems in measuring capital, and some possible unintended consequences of capital requirements. Within this framework, we evaluate how the contributors to the special issue of the same title (JBF, April 1995) advance the literature and suggest topics for future research.
Can Over-the-Counter Pain Medications Influence Our Thoughts and Emotions?

Recent research at the intersection of social psychology and psychopharmacology is raising new questions about some of our favorite over-the-counter (OTC) pain medications. This work suggests that drugs like acetaminophen and ibuprofen might influence how people experience emotional distress, process cognitive discrepancies, and evaluate stimuli in their environment. These studies have the potential to change our understanding of how popular pain medications influence the millions of people who take them. However, this research is still in its infancy. Further studies are necessary to address the robustness of reported findings and fully characterize the psychological effects of these drugs.
A longitudinal view of HTTP video streaming performance

This paper investigates HTTP streaming traffic from an ISP perspective. As streaming traffic now represents nearly half of the residential Internet traffic, understanding its characteristics is important. We focus on two major video sharing sites, YouTube and DailyMotion. We use ten packet traces from a residential ISP network, five for ADSL and five for FTTH customers, captured between 2008 and 2011. Covering a time span of four years allows us to identify changes in the service infrastructure of some providers. From the packet traces, we infer for each streaming flow the video characteristics, such as duration and encoding rate, as well as TCP flow characteristics. Using additional information from the BGP routing tables allows us to identify the originating Autonomous System (AS). With this data, we can uncover: the server side distribution policy, the impact of the serving AS on the flow characteristics and the impact of the reception quality on user behavior. A unique aspect of our work is how to measure the reception quality of the video and its impact on the viewing behavior. We see that not even half of the videos are fully downloaded. For short videos of 3 minutes or less, users stop downloading at any point, while for videos longer than 3 minutes, users either stop downloading early on or fully download the video. When the reception quality deteriorates, fewer videos are fully downloaded, and the decision to interrupt download is taken earlier. We conclude that (i) the video sharing sites have a major control over the delivery of the video and its reception quality through DNS resolution and server side streaming policy, and (ii) that only half of the videos are fully downloaded and that this fraction dramatically drops when the video reception quality is bad.
UNCERTAINTY, PERSISTENCE, AND HETEROGENEITY: A PANEL DATA PERSPECTIVE

The purpose of this paper is to review newly developed identification and estimation tools that are relevant for the analysis of dynamic dependence structures of income risk. I present an application to nonlinear permanent–transitory models of household income using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), but the empirical approach is more generally applicable. Household income processes are of interest because the size of shocks, the nature of their persistence, and cross-household heterogeneity are all important to understand how income inequality varies with age and cohort and how it translates into consumption inequality. I argue that going from an econometrics of autocovariances to an econometrics of flexible distributions is feasible and has the potential to reveal richer aspects of risk—for example, nonlinear persistence of unusual shocks.
Long-Term Monitoring of Physical Behavior Reveals Different Cardiac Responses to Physical Activity among Subjects with and without Chronic Neck Pain

Background. We determined the extent to which heart rate variability (HRV) responses to daily physical activity differ between subjects with and without chronic neck pain. Method. Twenty-nine subjects (13 women) with chronic neck pain and 27 age- and gender-matched healthy controls participated. Physical activity (accelerometry), HRV (heart rate monitor), and spatial location (Global Positioning System (GPS)) were recorded for 74 hours. GPS data were combined with a diary to identify periods of work and of leisure at home and elsewhere. Time- and frequency-domain HRV indices were calculated and stratified by period and activity type (lying/sitting, standing, or walking). ANCOVAs with multiple adjustments were used to disclose possible group differences in HRV. Results. The pain group showed a reduced HRV response to physical activity compared with controls (p = .001), according to the sympathetic-baroreceptor HRV index (LF/HF, ratio between low- and high-frequency power), even after adjustment for leisure time physical activity, work stress, sleep quality, mental health, and aerobic capacity (p = .02). The parasympathetic response to physical activity did not differ between groups. Conclusions. Relying on long-term monitoring of physical behavior and heart rate variability, we found an aberrant sympathetic-baroreceptor response to daily physical activity among subjects with chronic neck pain.
IFN-γ production in response to in vitro stimulation with collagen type II in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with HLA-DRB1*0401 and HLA-DQ8

IFN-γ was measured in supernatants after in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with collagen type II (CII), purified protein derivative or influenza virus. IFN-γ production in response to CII was similar in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy control individuals. The IFN-γ response to purified protein derivative and influenza virus was lower in RA patients, reflecting a general T-cell hyporesponsiveness in RA. After recalculating the response to CII taking this hyporesponsiveness into account the CII response was higher in RA patients, and was associated with human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*0401 and HLA-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 (HLA-DQ8). Rheumatoid arthritis patients with elevated serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)G anti-CII antibodies had lower CII-induced IFN-γ production than patients with low anti-CII levels. The relative increase in CII-reactivity in RA patients as compared with healthy control individuals, and the association of a higher response with RA-associated HLA haplotypes, suggest the existence of a potentially pathogenic cellular reactivity against CII in RA.
FROM WORDS TO DATES: WATER INTO WINE, MATHEMAGIC OR PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE?

Gray & Atkinson’s (2003) application of quantitative phylogenetic methods to Dyen, Kruskal & Black’s (1992) IndoEuropean database produced controversial divergence time estimates. Here we test the robustness of these results using an alternative data set of ancient Indo-European languages. We employ two very different stochastic models of lexical evolution – Gray & Atkinson’s (2003) finite-sites model and a stochastic-Dollo model of word evolution introduced by Nicholls & Gray (in press). Results of this analysis support the findings of Gray & Atkinson (2003). We also tested the ability of both methods to reconstruct phylogeny and divergence times accurately from synthetic data. The methods performed well under a range of scenarios, including widespread and localized borrowing.
A Logical Account of the Common Sense Informatic Situation for a Mobile Robot

Any model of the world a robot constructs on the basis of its sensor data is necessarily both incomplete, due to the robot’s limited window on the world, and uncertain, due to sensor and motor noise. This paper proposes a logic-based framework in which such models are constructed through an abductive process whereby sensor data is explained by hypothesising the existence, locations, and shapes of objects. Symbols appearing in the resulting explanations acquire meaning through the theory, and yet are grounded by the robot’s interaction with the world. The proposed framework draws on existing logic-based formalisms for representing action, continuous change, space, and shape, but a novel solution to the frame problem is employed. Noise is treated as a kind of nondeterminism, and is dealt with by a consistency-based form of abduction.1
Low rate of resistant hypertension in Chinese patients with hypertension: an analysis of the HOT-CHINA study

Objective: The rate of resistant hypertension in China is unknown. This is an analysis of resistant hypertension based on Hypertension Optimal Treatment Study in China. Methods: The study was conducted in 148 cities in mainland China from April 2001 to February 2002, which included 54 590 hypertensive patients (≥18 years of age), and used a five-step treatment programme. Patients not achieving blood pressure (BP) target (<140/90 mmHg) within 2 weeks received preplanned additional drugs. Resistant hypertension was defined in the participants with uncontrolled hypertension after 2 weeks of treatment on Step 5. Results: The rate of resistant hypertension was 1.9%. Patients with resistant hypertension were characterized by following features: higher male percentage (65.6 vs. 60.2%); younger age (59.51 ± 13.02 vs. 61.76 ± 12.27 years); higher BMI (24.8 ± 3.5 vs. 24.0 ± 3.4 kg/m2); longer disease course; higher fasting blood glucose (6.60 ± 2.69 vs. 5.99 ± 2.12 mmol/l); higher total cholesterol (5.67 ± 1.63 vs. 5.32 ± 1.24 mmol/l); higher triglycerides (2.15 ± 1.32 vs. 1.96 ± 1.09 mmol/l); and higher percentage of grade 3 hypertension (71.1 vs. 27.2%) (all P < 0.001). Patients with resistant hypertension also had a higher rate of metabolic syndrome (45.9 vs. 35.4%), diabetes mellitus (25.5 vs. 14.7%) and history of myocardial infarction (4.7 vs. 3.3%) or stroke (17.0 vs. 11.6%) (P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed an association of resistant hypertension with younger age, higher BP, BMI, longer disease course, higher fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Resistant hypertension in Chinese patients is associated with overweight/obesity, higher BP and metabolic syndrome. The rate of resistant hypertension in China, however, is much lower than previously reported. Another intriguing characteristic is the association of resistant hypertension with younger age.
Linking Theory, Practice and System-Level Perception: Using a PBL Approach in an Operating Systems Course

Courses on Operating Systems (OS) are essential in computer science education. The topic provides the students with an excellent opportunity to experience the interplay between theory and practice. Specifically, a project-based-learning (P BL) instructional design for an OS course can provide the students with opportunities to engage i n practical projects. The PBL approach enables students to take part in learning activities which are essential for grasping underlying theoretical concepts, linking theory, practice and system-level perception. In this paper we present our experience in teaching an operating systems course wi th a continuing evolving project using a PBL approach. The findings of a preliminary assessment indicated a highly positive attitude on the part of the students towards the PBL approach used in th e course as well as towards the qualitative evaluation method that was used to assess their ach ievements.
Lifelong Learning Policies, Paradoxes and Possibilities.

This paper argues that there are many ways of conceptualising lifelong learning and examines EU and Scottish lifelong learning policies in order to identify their underlying assumptions. Through an analysis of these policies it is demonstrated that they draw on a number of inter-related fallacies that prioritise lifelong learning mainly in relation to its economic value. Three fallacies are identified: economic success equals eradication of deprivation and exclusion; failure is the fault of the individual; access to education is fair. These fallacies are then deconstructed in order to suggest ways of interrogating their contradictions so that opportunities for more radical educational action can be found.
HapFABIA: Identification of very short segments of identity by descent characterized by rare variants in large sequencing data

Identity by descent (IBD) can be reliably detected for long shared DNA segments, which are found in related individuals. However, many studies contain cohorts of unrelated individuals that share only short IBD segments. New sequencing technologies facilitate identification of short IBD segments through rare variants, which convey more information on IBD than common variants. Current IBD detection methods, however, are not designed to use rare variants for the detection of short IBD segments. Short IBD segments reveal genetic structures at high resolution. Therefore, they can help to improve imputation and phasing, to increase genotyping accuracy for low-coverage sequencing and to increase the power of association studies. Since short IBD segments are further assumed to be old, they can shed light on the evolutionary history of humans. We propose HapFABIA, a computational method that applies biclustering to identify very short IBD segments characterized by rare variants. HapFABIA is designed to detect short IBD segments in genotype data that were obtained from next-generation sequencing, but can also be applied to DNA microarray data. Especially in next-generation sequencing data, HapFABIA exploits rare variants for IBD detection. HapFABIA significantly outperformed competing algorithms at detecting short IBD segments on artificial and simulated data with rare variants. HapFABIA identified 160 588 different short IBD segments characterized by rare variants with a median length of 23 kb (mean 24 kb) in data for chromosome 1 of the 1000 Genomes Project. These short IBD segments contain 752 000 single nucleotide variants (SNVs), which account for 39% of the rare variants and 23.5% of all variants. The vast majority—152 000 IBD segments—are shared by Africans, while only 19 000 and 11 000 are shared by Europeans and Asians, respectively. IBD segments that match the Denisova or the Neandertal genome are found significantly more often in Asians and Europeans but also, in some cases exclusively, in Africans. The lengths of IBD segments and their sharing between continental populations indicate that many short IBD segments from chromosome 1 existed before humans migrated out of Africa. Thus, rare variants that tag these short IBD segments predate human migration from Africa. The software package HapFABIA is available from Bioconductor. All data sets, result files and programs for data simulation, preprocessing and evaluation are supplied at http://www.bioinf. jku.at/research/short-IBD.
Estimating Classifier Performance in Unknown Noise

We propose and investigate a non-parametric method for identifying regions of speech that have unexpected distortions not seen in the training data. The method does not require knowledge of correct labels and relies only on divergence between statistics of the test and training data. Our experiments show that the proposed method requires a relatively small amount of test data of the order of several seconds to stabilize, and correlates well with recognition error observed on the test data.
Neural network ensembles for time series forecasting

This work provides an analysis of using the evolutionary algorithm EPNet to create ensembles of artificial neural networks to solve a range of forecasting tasks. Several previous studies have tested the EPNet algorithm in the classification field, taking the best individuals to solve the problem and creating ensembles to improve the performance. But no studies have analyzed the behavior of the algorithm in detail for time series forecasting, nor used ensembles to try to improve the predictions. Thus, the aim of this work is to compare the ensemble approach, using two linear combination methods to calculate the output, against the best individual found. Since there are several parameters to adjust, experiments are set up to optimize them and improve the performance of the algorithm. The algorithm is tested on 21 time series of different behaviors. The experimental results show that, for time series forecasting, it is possible to improve the performance by using the ensemble method rather than using the best individual. This demonstrates that the information contained in the EPNet population is better than the information carried by any one individual.
Urban Labour-Force Experience as a Determinant of Rural Occupation Change: Evidence from Recent Urban-Rural Return Migration in China

An integrated approach to temporary migration in developing countries is proposed by linking past urban labour-force experience to postreturn entrepreneurial activities. The central argument is that labour migration is a family strategy to acquire both physical and human capital for a future technological transformation. On the basis of an in-depth survey of returned migrants that was conducted in rural China, I focus on the explanation of return rural occupation change in a multivariate framework. I find that it is the improvement of the migrant's skills and entrepreneurial ability rather than their savings and remittances that strongly facilitates a return rural occupational change. The policy implication of the finding is to shift efforts from narrowing intersectoral wage differentials to improving rural learning and training opportunities.