Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of a cigarette smoking prevention program among junior high school students in north-east Thailand: a pilot survey.

OBJECTIVE Evaluate the implementation of a smoking prevention program via a questionnaire. Both knowledge and attitudes toward smoking behavior and smoking cessation were also investigated MATERIAL AND METHOD An experimental study was conducted between October 2011 and July 2012. Two hundred twenty six school students from Mathayom 1 to 6 participated into the present study. They were divided into either a study group (n = 99) or a control group (n = 127). Participants in the study group underwent two days of a smoking prevention program and the control group was not subjected to this program. Both groups completed a questionnaire containing questions related to the knowledge of the dangers of cigarette, attitudes toward smoking behavior, and smoking cessation at three different stages, pre-program, immediate post-program, and one month post-program. All data was analyzed via statistical methods. RESULTS Participants in the study group were smokers and non-smokers, aged between 13 and 15, studied in Mathayom 1 to 6. It was reported that 75% of smokers had tried to quit smoking at least once. For those who quit smoking successfully, 83.6% sought advice from their families. Regarding knowledge related to the dangers of cigarettes, the study group had significantly higher scores than the control group at the three different stages (pre-program, immediate post-program, and one month post-program p = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.024 respectively). The attitudes toward smoking cessation behavior between the groups were significantly different at the three different stages (p = 0.03, 0.01, and 0.001 respectively). The influential factor significantly related to decision-making related to quitting cigarettes was advice, especially from friends andfamilies (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION School students aged between 13 to 15 years of age studying in Mathayom 3 (grade 9) represented the majority of smokers. The study found the smoking cessation prevention program was able to improve knowledge of the dangers of cigarettes. After the completion of the program, the effect offactors on their lives such as medical conditions, social norms, andfriends and families made smokers realize the importance of quitting smoking.
An iterative path integral stochastic optimal control approach for learning robotic tasks

Abstract Recent work on path integral stochastic optimal control theory Theodorou et al. (2010a); Theodorou (2011) has shown promising results in planning and control of nonlinear systems in high dimensional state spaces. The path integral control framework relies on the transformation of the nonlinear Hamilton Jacobi Bellman (HJB) partial differential equation (PDE) into a linear PDE and the approximation of its solution via the use of the Feynman Kac lemma. In this work, we are reviewing the generalized version of path integral stochastic optimal control formalism Theodorou et al. (2010a), used for optimal control and planing of stochastic dynamical systems with state dependent control and diffusion matrices. Moreover we present the iterative path integral control approach, the so called P olicy I mprovement with P ath I ntegrals or (PI 2 ) which is capable of scaling in high dimensional robotic control problems. Furthermore we present a convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm and we apply the proposed framework to a variety of robotic tasks. Finally with the goal to perform locomotion the iterative path integral control is applied for learning nonlinear limit cycle attractors with adjustable land scape.
A Structural Modeling on Learning Organization in the Context of Organizational Commitment, Organizational Culture, and Conflict Management Style

Through structural equation modeling, this study aimed to develop a model of best fit for the learning organization with organizational commitment, organizational culture, and conflict management style as independent variables. Findings of the study revealed that the dominant levels of the academic institution are organizational and individual levels. Furthermore, the level of organizational commitment of the academic institution is high with affective commitment as the greatest contributory factor. Moreover, the level of organizational culture of the academic institution manifests moderately high level with criteria of success, organizational glue, organizational leadership and strategic emphases posting higher ratings while, the dominant conflict management styles are the compromising and integrating styles. Furthermore, there are significant relationships among organizational commitment, organizational culture and conflict management style when analyzed pair wise with learning organization. Correspondingly, organizational commitment and organizational culture significantly influence the learning organization but conflict management style does not. Surprisingly, through the structural equation modeling, the hypothesized models do not meet the standard criteria to fit learning organization. However, with the use of the deductive method, a model of best fit for the learning organization was established.
Obstruction criteria for modular deformation problems

For a newform $f=\sum a_n q^n$ of weight $k \geq 3$ and a prime $\lambda$ of $\mathbf{Q}(a_n)$, the deformation problem for its associated mod $\lambda$ Galois representation is unobstructed for all primes outside some finite set. Previous results gave an explicit bound on this finite set for $f$ of squarefree level; we modify this bound and remove the squarefree hypothesis. We also show that if the $\lambda$-adic deformation problem for $f$ is unobstructed, then $f$ is not congruent mod $\lambda$ to a newform of lower level.
Error Decomposition and Model Complexity

Bayesian information geometry provides a general error de composition theorem for arbitrary statistical models and a family of information deviations that inc lude Kullback-Leibler information as a special case. When applied to Gaussian measures it takes the classical Hil bert space (Sobolev space) theories for estimation (regression, filtering, approximation, smoothing) as a spe cial case. When the statistical and computational models are properly distinguished, the dilemmas of over-fitting an d “curse of dimensionality” disappears, and the optimal model order disregarding computing cost is always infinity.
Unsupervised detection and segmentation of identical objects

We address an unsupervised object detection and segmentation problem that goes beyond the conventional assumptions of one-to-one object correspondences or modeltest settings between images. Our method can detect and segment identical objects directly from a single image or a handful of images without any supervision. To detect and segment all the object-level correspondences from the given images, a novel multi-layer match-growing method is proposed that starts from initial local feature matches and explores the images by intra-layer expansion and inter-layer merge. It estimates geometric relations between object entities and establishes ‘object correspondence networks’ that connect matching objects. Experiments demonstrate robust performance of our method on challenging datasets.
Improving Health Care for Spanish-Speaking Rural Dairy Farm Workers

Background: Dartmouth Geisel Migrant Health (DGMH) is a medical student group that provides on-site health services for Spanish-speaking dairy workers in rural Vermont and New Hampshire in conjunction with a federally qualified health center (FQHC). Study Objective: This project was undertaken to evaluate and improve the services provided by DGMH and the FQHC and to refine understanding of the target population. Methods: We surveyed 25 workers at 6 collaborating dairy farms to identify health priorities and concerns and perceived barriers and facilitators to health care for these workers. Surveys were administered over 2 weeks in July 2015. Interpreter-mediated appointment and sliding-fee-scale data from a period 7 months that spanned survey administration were also assessed. Results: Diabetes and hypertension were the most common health concerns. Thirty-two percent of participants reported 10 or more days of depressed mood in the past month. Insurance and language were the most common barriers to health care and employers and on-site clinics were the most common facilitators. Appointments most often addressed women's health, gastrointestinal problems, health maintenance, diabetes, and back pain. Thirty FQHC sliding-fee-scale applications were completed by workers. Conclusions: These Spanish-speaking dairy-farm workers have many health concerns and perceive substantial barriers to health care. Collaboration between medical students, a rural FQHC, and farm employers provides important services that facilitate health care access among this population.
Ecological infrastructure in a critical-historical perspective: From engineering ‘social’ territory to encoding ‘natural’ topography

The tandem of infrastructure and landscape ecology is increasingly presented as the design strategy par excellence to address the risk society. Staged in explicit contrast to engineering as discipline disrupting natural balance, discourses endorsed by landscape and ecological urbanism propagate a new and improved â€˜post-carbonâ€™ and â€˜post-Euclidianâ€™ infrastructure. The broad objective of the article is to examine the accuracy of this claim of moving infrastructure from the realm of engineering to urbanism, and appraise the proclaimed methodological shift from determining top-down logics to bottom-up argumentation. In the first part, the recent design culture and techniques are analysed in relation to historical sociotechnical concepts and methods that deal with infrastructure, programmatic uncertainty and environmental control. More specifically, current design approaches are studied against the background of early nineteenth-century urban interventions that aspired to curb impending epidemics and social crises in the emerging metropolis. In the second part of the paper, historical analysis is exchanged for a theoretical reflection about the relation between analysis â€“ basically the measuring of the land (topography) â€“ and project â€“ or the organization and control of the terrain (territory). The article concludes with an active projection, in order to explore new perspectives for recent developments in urban design and call for a fundamental reappraisal of how our design attitudes and techniques should be integrated with the political and social context.
Preserving residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis: volume or biocompatibility?

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IMPACT OF OCB-SPECIFIC MEANINGS ON EMPLOYEES’ DISPLAY OF OCB: A PERSPECTIVE IN PAKISTAN

Purpose – This study tries to examine how Perceived Instrumentality Organizational (The extent to which employees feel that their display of OCB will help in contributing to organizational operations and achievement of organizational objectives) and Perceived Instrumentality Individual ( the extent to which employees perceive that their display of OCB will help in achieving Individual Objectives and benefits) are related to employees display of OCB and how these perceptions mediate the relationships between Perceived Organizational Support, Job Satisfaction, Justice Perceptions and OCB. Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire was filled by a sample of 542 respondents from the pharmaceutical organizations located in Rawalpindi – Islamabad region of Pakistan. The data was analyzed with the help of SPSS and complete model testing was done with the help of AMOS. Findings – Results show that Perceived Instrumentalities Organizational and Individual partially mediate the relationships between Job Satisfaction, Perceived Organizational Support, Justice Perceptions and OCB. It was found out further that the mediating effect by Perceived Instrumentality Individual is more than that of Perceived Instrumentality Organizational. That leads us to conclude that the employees of the sector under study perceive individual benefits as more important than the organizational benefits. Practical implications – Effective Organizational Justice, Support and Job satisfaction can contribute to the development of stronger perceptions of Instrumentalities (Organizational and Individual), that in result can lead to a greater OCB. As it is known that beliefs and perceptions change with the time and experiences so a longitudinal or experimental research in future may be conducted to bring a definitive conclusion on the casual directions suggested in this study. Originality/value – The use of OCB specific meanings as mediators over the relationship between OCB and JS, JP and POS is unique to this study. The sector considered –Pharmaceutical- also adds to its originality and value.
Tournament Rewards and Risk Taking

This article considers a Lazear‐Rosen tournament model where agents can influence both the spread of their output distribution (risk taking) and its mean. The unique equilibrium induces excessive risk taking and a low level of effort. By modifying the tournament to give the highest prize to the agent with the “most moderate” output, a low level of risk taking and high level of effort can be sustained as an equilibrium. The first result can be useful to understand the Relative Performance Evaluation Puzzle of executive compensation, and the second result can be useful to understand puzzling workplace norms promoting mediocrity.
Cognitive Overload and Orthographic Errors: When Cognitive Overload Enhances Subject–Verb Agreement Errors. A Study in French Written Language

Three experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that cognitive overload enhances the occurrence of subject-verb agreement errors in French. Highly educated adults were presented orally with sentences they were required to write down. The sentences were of the types “N1 de N2 V” (Noun 1 of Noun 2 Verb: Le chien des voisins arrive/The neighbours’ dog is arriving) versus “Prl Pr2 V” (Pronoun 1 Pronoun 2 Verb: Il les aime/He likes them). In these sentences, N1 (Pr1) and N2 (Pr2) matched or mismatched in number. In the three experiments, the sentences had to be recalled either in an isolated condition (i.e. every presented sentence had to be immediately recalled) or with a concurrent task: click counting (Experiment 2) or serial recall of series of five words presented immediately after the sentences (Experiments 1 and 3). Participants showed errors when performing two concurrent tasks and almost no error when recalling isolated sentences. As expected, errors occurred when N1 (Pr1) and N1 (Pr2) mismatched in number. The results are consistent with our hypothesis and with a functional approach of written composition.
An Improved Estimation to Make Markowitz's Portfolio Optimization Theory Users Friendly and Estimation Accurate with Application on the US Stock Market Investment

Using the Markowitz mean–variance portfolio optimization theory, researchers have shown that the traditional estimated return greatly overestimates the theoretical optimal return, especially when the dimension to sample size ratio p/n is large. Bai et al. (2009) propose a bootstrap-corrected estimator to correct the overestimation, but there is no closed form for their estimator. To circumvent this limitation, this paper derives explicit formulas for the estimator of the optimal portfolio return. We also prove that our proposed closed-form return estimator is consistent when n→∞ and p/n→y∈(0,1). Our simulation results show that our proposed estimators dramatically outperform traditional estimators for both the optimal return and its corresponding allocation under different values of p/n ratios and different inter-asset correlations ρ, especially when p/n is close to 1. We also find that our proposed estimators perform better than the bootstrap-corrected estimators for both the optimal return and its corresponding allocation. Another advantage of our improved estimation of returns is that we can also obtain an explicit formula for the standard deviation of the improved return estimate and it is smaller than that of the traditional estimate, especially when p/n is large. In addition, we illustrate the applicability of our proposed estimate on the US stock market investment.
The Religion of “I Don’t Know”

The goal of this pilot study was to identify naturally occurring, spiritually relevant conversations and elucidate challenges for nurses in home hospice. We examined naturalistic communication data collected during nurse hospice visits with cancer patients and their family caregivers. Using deductive content analysis, guided by Consensus Conference spiritual categories and definition, categorical themes were identified. Thirty-three visits to seven families were recorded by five nurses. Although most spiritual dialogue was brief, analysis revealed five themes: Spiritual Beliefs and Rituals, Connection, Spiritual Comfort, Closure and Acceptance, and Spiritual Distress. Findings demonstrate the range of spiritual issues raised in hospice and challenges nurses face in maintaining boundaries while remaining genuine and family-centered in providing care. This work serves as a foundation for future research and education to help clinicians to engage in more intentional spiritual conversations in the support of families at end of life.
A Measurement Study of Piece Population in BitTorrent

BitTorrent is the most popular peer-to-peer software for file sharing, which has contributed to a significant portion of today's Internet traffic. Many measurement studies have been devoted to the BitTorrent system at the peer-level; yet few have examined the microscopic piece-level, in particular, the piece populations. This information is very useful in understanding the dynamics and evolution of BitTorrent swarms, and especially the effectiveness of its rarest-first policy that strives to ensure an even distribution of pieces. In this paper, we present a systematic measurement study on the distribution and evolution of the piece population in BitTorrent. Our measurement is based on real BitTorrent data gathered from both the Internet and controlled PlanetLab swarms. The data is collected by multiple administrated clients distributed in different parts of the network, which collectively offer a global view of the piece distribution. We analyze both snapshot data of the near-instantaneous population of pieces in BitTorrent swarms, and long-term data of the evolution of the piece population over several days, especially during the early phases of the swarm's lifetime. Our results validate that the downloading policy of BitTorrent is quite effective from a piece distribution and evolution perspective; yet enhancements are still possible to achieve the ideal piece distribution.
Physiotherapists supporting self-management through health coaching: a mixed methods program evaluation

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate a program in support of chronic disease self-management (CDSM) that is founded on a health coaching (HC) approach, includes supervised exercise and mindfulness-based stress reduction components and is delivered within a private practice physiotherapy setting. Methods: An explanatory mixed method design, framed by theory-based program evaluation, was employed to evaluate an eight-week group-based program. Standardized self-rated and performance measures were evaluated pre- and post intervention. Additionally, participant focus groups were conducted following the intervention period. An inductive thematic approach was undertaken to analyze the qualitative data. Findings: Seventeen participants (N = 17) completed the study. Improvements were seen in both self-report and performance outcomes. Participants explained how and why they felt the program was beneficial. Six themes were generated: (1) group dynamic; (2) learning versus doing; (3) holism and comprehensive care; (4) self-efficacy and empowerment; (5) previous solutions versus new management strategies; and (6) healthcare provider support. Conclusions: This study established that a group program in support of CDSM founded on a HC approach demonstrated potential value from participants as well as favorable outcomes. A pragmatic randomized control trial is required to determine efficacy of this intervention.
Designing and Training Feedforward Neural Networks: A Smooth Optimisation Perspective

Despite the recent great success of deep neural networks in various applications, designing and training a deep neural network is still among the greatest challenges in the field. In this work, we present a smooth optimisation perspective on designing and training multilayer Feedforward Neural Networks (FNNs) in the supervised learning setting. By characterising the critical point conditions of an FNN based optimisation problem, we identify the conditions to eliminate local optima of the corresponding cost function. Moreover, by studying the Hessian structure of the cost function at the global minima, we develop an approximate Newton FNN algorithm, which is capable of alleviating the vanishing gradient problem. Finally, our results are numerically verified on two classic benchmarks, i.e., the XOR problem and the four region classification problem.
Optimal uncoded regeneration for binary antipodal signaling

We derive, for a binary antipodal input signal, the optimal uncoded regenerator function when the channels at the ingress and at the egress of the regenerator are degraded by AWGN. We show that the optimal function is a Lambert W function parametrized on the energies of the noises and the input. For comparison, we derive the performance of systems in which the regenerator uses a hard limiter or an amplifier.