Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mutual constitution of risk and inequalities: intersectional risk theory

In this article, we examine the conceptual importance of integrating risk and intersectionality theory for the study of how risk and various forms of inequality intersect and are mutually constitutive. We argue that an intersectional perspective can advance risk research by incorporating more effectively the role of such social categories as gender and race into the analysis of ‘risk’ as an empirical phenomenon. In doing so, the intersectional perspective articulates more clearly the connection between the social construction of risk and, on the one hand, the reproduction of new and complex social inequalities and, on the other, intersections of social class, gender, ethnicity and other social categorisations. We trace the intellectual division between risk and feminist-inspired intersectionality research, showing how these approaches can be aligned to study, for example, risk-based welfare and social policy. We use a discussion of general directions within welfare policy to illustrate how an intersectional perspective can be used to show the ways in which new governance strategies create new divisions and reproduce existing forms of social inequality. We conclude the article with a call for a new research agenda to integrate intersectional frameworks with risk theory in order to provide a more nuanced analysis of the relationship between social inequality and risk.
Learning from multinomial data: a nonparametric predictive alternative to the Imprecise Dirichlet Model

A new model for learning from multinomial data has recently been developed, giving predictive inferences in the form of lower and upper probabilities for a future observation. Apart from the past observations, no information on the sample space is assumed, so explicitly no assumptions are made on the number of possible categories. In this paper, we briefly present the general lower and upper probabilities corresponding to this model, and illustrate their properties via two examples taken from Walley’s paper [16], which introduced the imprecise Dirichlet model (IDM). As our approach is nonparametric, its applicability is more restricted. However, our inferences do not suer from some disadvantages of the IDM.
A project manager's optimism and stress management and IT project success

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine how the soft competencies of an information technology (IT) project manager, specifically optimism and stress, can affect project success.Design/methodology/approach – The research was exploratory. Experienced IT project managers were requested to relate a “structured” story regarding a significant, personal experience relating to optimism or stress and how this affected the project outcome. In total, eight stories were captured on the optimism theme and five on stress. Themes from these stories were identified.Findings – Qualitative analysis of the stories identified several project managers' optimism themes that strongly influenced IT project success. In addition, it was concluded that IT project success was both positively and negatively influenced by stress. To improve their chances of project success, it was concluded that IT project managers should have a positive but realistic degree of optimism based on a well‐accepted project plan. Whilst the pr.
Individual Learning in Team Training

Although many analysts recognize that team-level learning is reliant on the acquisition of learning content by individuals, very little research has examined individual-level learning during team training. In a sample of 70 teams (N = 380) that participated in a simulation-based team training setting designed to teach strategic decision-making, we examined how self-regulation during team training influenced the extent to which team members subsequently demonstrated individual mastery of the team training content. We also investigated the extent to which team characteristics moderated the relationships between self-regulation and learning outcomes. Multilevel mediation results indicated that self-efficacy fully mediated the effects of metacognition, or self-monitoring of learning, on individual declarative and procedural knowledge of team training content. The results also revealed that these individual-level relationships were moderated by the team context. In particular, a team’s overall performance and quality of cooperation amplified the positive effects of individual self-regulation. Implications for team training research and practice are discussed.
Culture Moderates the Genetic and Environmental Etiologies of Parenting

A cultural behavior genetic approach was introduced as a prospective means to describe psychological differences between cultures. We compared genetic and environmental influences on remembered parenting for samples of twins from Japan and Sweden. Data were collected from 720 pairs of young adult Japanese twins and 824 pairs of adult Swedish twins using the Parental Bonding Instrument. In both samples, a very similar phenotypic factor structure was developed for maternal and paternal parenting. However, the genetic and environmental contributions were different. Parenting in Japan showed more genetic influences, whereas parenting in Sweden showed more shared environmental influences. Moreover, covariation among the six dimensions of parenting (i.e., maternal and paternal Warmth, Protectiveness, and Authoritarianism) was due to genetic correlations in Japan and to shared environmental correlations in Sweden. These results are consistent with the cultural psychology argument that parenting practices are child centered in Japan but parent centered in the West.
On the Development of Reading Ability

English reading is not only the purpose of the study, but also the main means and paths of learning English. English reading skill is one of the important language skills, which students have to master. Therefore, in order to improve students’ reading ability, teachers should particularly focus on the development of students’ effective reading skills and good reading habits.
A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human

Understanding the concept of extrapolation of dose between species is important for pharmaceutical researchers when initiating new animal or human experiments. Interspecies allometric scaling for dose conversion from animal to human studies is one of the most controversial areas in clinical pharmacology. Allometric approach considers the differences in body surface area, which is associated with animal weight while extrapolating the doses of therapeutic agents among the species. This review provides basic information about translation of doses between species and estimation of starting dose for clinical trials using allometric scaling. The method of calculation of injection volume for parenteral formulation based on human equivalent dose is also briefed.
Embodied Meter: Hierarchical Eigenmodes in Music-Induced Movement

Listening to music often is associated with spontaneous body movements frequently synchronized with its periodic structure. The notion of embodied cognition assumes that intelligent behavior does not emerge from mere passive perception, but requires goal-directed interactions between the organism and its environment. According to this view, one could postulate that we may use our bodily movements to help parse the metric structure of music. The aim of this study was to investigate how pulsations on different metrical levels manifest in music-induced movement. Musicians were presented with a piece of instrumental music in 4/4 time, played at four different tempi ranging from 92 to 138 bpm. Participants were instructed to move to the music, and their movements were recorded with a high quality optical motion capture system. Subsequently, signal processing methods and principal components analysis were applied to extract movement primitives synchronized with different metrical levels. We found differences between metric levels in terms of the prevalence of synchronized eigenmovements. For instance, mediolateral movements of arms were found to be frequently synchronized with the tactus level pulse, while rotation and lateral flexion of the upper torso were commonly found to exhibit periods of two and four beats, respectively. The results imply that periodicities on several metric levels are simultaneously present in music-induced movement. This could suggest that the metric structure of music is encoded in these movements.
The classroom performance and behavior of sexually abused females

Abstract This study examines the relationship of child sexual abuse to classroom academic performance and behavior in a sample of 6–16-year-old girls. Half of the sample was sexually abused by a family member. The other half is a demographically similar nonabused comparison group. Measures of academic performance include school records, teacher's ratings of classroom behavior and performance, and parental reports of school performance. Possible mediators of the impact of sexual abuse on classroom performance and behavior – cognitive capability, perceived competence, and behavior problems–are also measured. Results can be summarized as follows, (a) A history of sexual abuse does predict academic performance: Abuse is directly negatively related to ratings of classroom social competence, competent learner, and overall academic performance and positively related to school avoidant behavior, but is not related to grades, (b) Sexual abuse is negatively related to cognitive ability and positively related to measures of behavior problems indicating depression, destructiveness, and dissociation, (c) Cognitive ability and perceived competence predict the more “academic” aspects of academic performance—grades, ratings as a competent learner, and overall academic performance. Behavior problems predict ratings as a competent learner, classroom social competence, school avoidant behavior, and overall academmic performance.
Sequence-Dependent Antiproliferative Effects of Gefitinib and Docetaxel on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cells and the Possible Mechanism

Purpose Recent clinical trials showed that the sequential combination of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and chemotherapy could prolong the PFS and/or OS of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutation. The aim of present study was to assess the optimal combination sequence and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods PC-9 cells and A549 cells, the lung adenocarcinoma cells with mutant and wide-type EGFR respectively, were treated with docetaxel/gefitinib alone or in different combination schedules. The EGFR and K-ras gene status was determined by qPCR-HRM technique. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The expression and phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK, Akt and IGF-1R were detected by western blot. Cell cycle distribution was observed by flow cytometry. Results Only sequential administration of docetaxel followed by gefitinib (D→G) induced significant synergistic effect in both cell lines (Combination Index<0.9). The reverse sequence (G→D) resulted in an antagonistic interaction in both cell lines (CI>1.1), whereas the concurrent administration (D+G) showed additive (0.9<CI<1.1)-synergistic effect in PC-9 cells and antagonistic-additive effect in A549 cells. Mechanism studies showed that docetaxel-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK was repressed by subsequently used gefitinib, but not by concurrent exposure of gefitinib. The gefitinib-repressed phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK was reversed neither by concurrent nor by subsequent administration of docetaxel. D+G reinforced their inhibition on the phosphorylation of IGF-1R in PC-9 cells. Conclusions The cytotoxic drugs followed by EGFR-TKIs may be the optimal combination for antiproliferative effects in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells, and the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK might contribute to this effect.
Predicting Student Attitudes and Grades from Perceptions of Instructors' Attitudes

Psychological availability to students defines immediacy, a concept traditionally measured using ratings of instructor behaviors. However, students' perceptions of their professor's attitude toward them may serve as a more parsimonious measure of psychological availability. In fact, ratings of a professor's attitude toward students are positively related to student motivation, learning, and ratings of the instructor. In this study, prediction of student outcomes was analyzed in a 2-step regression: First, students' perceptions of their instructor's attitude entered into the equation, followed by immediacy scores. Instructor's attitudes predicted student outcomes well. Although some immediacy components increased variability explained, the increases were small.
Developing music teacher identities: An international multi-site study

This study investigates pre-service music teacher’s (PSMT) perceptions of their professional identities. University-level education students in the United States America (USA), Spain and Australia were all asked interview questions based on general themes relevant to teacher identity development, and their responses were subjected to content analysis. Similarities were found in their perceptions of the role of ‘music teacher’ and their pre-university experiences/influences. Across the sites it seems that there was a dynamic and shifting relationship between PSMTs’ understandings of themselves as ‘musicians’ or as ‘teachers’ during their university years. This study confirms previous research in the area and contributes to the field in its discovery that these themes are found across three international sites. Implications of the findings are discussed and recommendations made for future research and practice.
Indices of Peritoneal Permeability and Surface Area

T he amount of solute that can pass a membrane by passive transport mechanis ms is dependent on the surface area of the membrane and its intrinsic permeability, that is, the resistance the membrane offers to the diffusion and convection of solutes. Anatomic studies on the surface area of the peritoneum are scarce. Wegenermentioned a surface areaofl.72 m2 in one adult woman, but no information was given on the method of measurement (1). Putiloffreported a similar value of2.07 m2 in one adult male (2). Much lower values of about 1 m2 in adults have been found in two more recent studies (3,4). About 60% of the peritoneal membrane consists of visceral peritoneum, 30% mesenterium and omentum, and 10% is parietal peritoneum. The role of the visceral peritoneum in the exchange of solutes during peritoneal dialysis is not elucidated. Evis ceration leads to a marked reduction in the transport of creatinine in rabbits (5), but not in rats (6,7). Effective peritoneal dialysis has been described in a neonate with extensive resection of the small intestine (8). Measurements of peritoneal surface area do not take into account the fact that the peritoneum is composed of three' layers: the mesothelium, which lines the peritoneal cavity and its organs, the peritoneal capillaries, and the interstitial tissue, which consists of bundles of collagen within a mucopolysaccharide hydrogel. Henderson compared the transport characteristics of urea and inulin during peritoneal dialysis with those during hemodialysis using cuprophane and cellulose-acetate membranes of a defined surface area (9). It could be concluded that the effective surface area of the peritoneal mem
The Intertemporal Relation between Expected Return and Risk on Currency

The literature has so far focused on the risk-return tradeoff in equity markets and ignored alternative risky assets. This paper is the first to examine the presence and significance of an intertemporal relation between expected return and risk in the foreign exchange market. The paper provides new evidence on the intertemporal capital asset pricing model by using high-frequency intraday data on currency and by presenting significant time-variation in the risk aversion parameter. Five-minute returns on the spot exchange rates of the U.S. dollar vis-a-vis six major currencies (the Euro, Japanese Yen, British Pound Sterling, Swiss Franc, Australian Dollar, and Canadian Dollar) are used to test the existence and significance of a daily risk-return tradeoff in the FX market based on the GARCH, realized, and range volatility estimators. The results indicate a positive, but statistically weak relation between risk and return on currency.
Direct sequencing of the PCR amplified SSU rRNA gene of Entamoeba dispar and the design of primers for rapid differentiation from Entamoeba histolytica

SUMMARY Since 1993, strains of Entamoeba histolytica sensn lato have been assigned to 2 species on the basis of clinical, biochemical, immunological and genetic evidence: the pathogenic strains to E. histolytica sensu stricto, the non-pathogenic strains to Entamoeba dispar. Analysis of the gene encoding for the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rDNA) supports the existence of 2 species. However, while 3 whole SSU rDNA sequences are available in the data bases for E. histolytica, only a partial sequence has been published for E. dispar. Here we report a SSU rDNA sequence for E. dispar. Compared to those of E. histolytica, this sequence shows 1·7 % nucleotide substitutions. On the basis of our rDNA data, 2 primers were designed to produce polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification from both E. histolytica and E. dispar. Primer specificity for the 2 amoebae was assessed both theoretically against the data bases, and experimentally against a collection of eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNAs. The amplified stretch encompasses a polymorphic Dde I restriction site which allows, after cleavage of the fragment, E. histolytica and E. dispar to be distinguished. The reliability of this method of identification was assessed comparing the results with those based on classic isoenzyme analysis.
Livestock auctions, oral poetry, and ordinary language

ABSTRACT A description of the verbal and nonverbal characteristics of the language of stock auctioneers and a comparison with oral poetry show that these auctioneers use an oral formulaic technique. It is suggested that this technique is a response to performance constraints which place a heavy load on short term memory. This hypothesis accounts for features of stock auction speech which are not recognized as characteristically oral formulaic as well as those which are. It also sheds light on two problems that have exercised students of oral literature: the effect of literacy and the role of memorization. These findings support the view that the difference between traditional oral formulaic and ordinary spoken language is one of degree, not kind. (Oral literature, register, stylistics, situational constraints, psychological constraints, formulae)
Academic achievement and its relation to family background and locus of control

The relationship between academic achievement and locus of control is considered with some key demographic and familial factors that can affect both academic achievement and locus of control. The size of the effects of each of these factors on both academic achievement and locus of control was investigated. The effect of academic-achievement feedback on the locus of control was also considered. Six primary public schools, in the Illawarra region, New South Wales, were selected by stratified random sampling. In each school, one class in each year (3, 4, 5 and 6) was selected to provide subjects, consisting of 502 students, 235 boys and 267 girls. Four kinds of instruments were administered to the subjects of the study: a demographic and family background questionnaire, a locus-of-control questionnaire (Nowicki-Strickland), a reading-comprehension test (TORCH) and a mathematics test ( P A T M A T H S ) . In order to investigate the effects of academic-achievement feedback on locus-of-control attitude, two of the six schools, were selected randomly. In one of these schools the general results of students' academic achievement were used as group achievement feedback, while in the second school the group feedback was not administered. Group-achievement feedback appeared to influence locus-of-control attitude subsequently. The results of the study showed that the girls' academic achievement was significantly higher than the boys' academic achievement. N o significant difference was found between the locus-of-control means of boys and girls. The academic achievement significandy increased with SES from low to high levels. Also, the internal locus-of-control attitude increased with SES from low to high levels. The academic achievement of the Englishspeaking students was significantly higher than the academic achievement of the nonEnglish-speaking students. Also, the non-English-speaking students had a more external locus-of-control attitude than English-speaking students. Also, the results showed that the locus of control of students receiving encouraging feedback for both tasks (reading comprehension and mathematics) shifted towards internality, while the locus of control of other groups w h o received encouraging-discouraging or discouraging-discouraging feedback, did not change significantly. ii Locus of control, socioeconomic status, grade, sex, and language background had significant direct effects in determining academic achievement, while grade, socioeconomic status and language background had significant direct effects in determining locus of control. Neither mother's work patterns nor family size had significant effects on academic achievement or locus of control. Although the results showed that locus of control is the best predictor of academic achievement, it cannot be concluded that locus of control is the cause of academic achievement Some implications are indicated for educational policy.
Quantum Confinement in Heterostructured Semiconductor Nanowires with Graded Interface

In a simple approximation, quantum wires can be modeled by cylinders composed by two semiconductor materials with different energy gaps, A and B, as shown in Fig. 1 (a) and (b), for block-by-block and core-shell wires, respectively. In both cases, the existence of smooth interfaces with thickness w between materials is considered, by assuming that the composition χ of the alloy AχB1-χ varies linearly in the interfacial region. The heterostructure potential depends on χ as ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 1 2 het V r e r e r χ χ = + f f f , where e1 and e2 are interpolation parameters (Li, 2000), whereas the effective mass is given by a linear interpolation ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 A B m r m r r m χ χ = + − f f f , with ( ) A B m as the effective mass of the material A (B). In Fig. 1 (a), the wire is free-standing, i. e. , not embedded in a matrix of another material, consequently, an infinite potential can be assumed for the external region. In cylindrical coordinates, the inclusion of a magnetic-field ˆ B Bz = f into the Hamiltonian is made through the symmetric gauge vector potential ˆ 1 2 A Bρθ = f . In addition, for all cases that will be discussed, our system presents circular symmetry, so that a solution exp[ilθ], with l = 0, ± 1, ± 2, . , is appropriate for the angular coordinate. Thus, for the general case where both the effective mass and the potential depend on the spatial coordinates, the Schrodinger equation, within the effective-mass approximation, describing the confinement of each carrier in QWR reads