Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms Underlying Effective Thought Suppression Using Focused-Distraction Strategies: A Self-Determination Theory Approach

Research has shown that thought suppression is not an ideal mental control strategy, as it can ironically increase intrusions and accessibility of unwanted thoughts. Although focused distraction has been shown as an effective strategy in mitigating such ironic effects, mixed findings have rendered this evidence inconclusive. In the present study, we sought to resolve this inconsistency by examining variables related to distractor content as mechanisms for effective thought suppression, an aspect yet to be examined. Building on ironic process theory and self-determination theory, the current study predicted that distractors associated with fulfilment of the psychological need for competence would improve thought suppression outcomes because they would be satisfying and immersive to think about. We asked 93 undergraduate students to engage in a thought suppression task and examined the influence of perceived satisfaction and immersion of distractors as mechanisms mitigating ironic effects of thought suppression. Results supported our predictions. In addition, they suggested that our predicted relationships persisted after controlling for effects of focused-distraction strategies that focused participants’ attention on a neutral object and distractors reflecting the attainment of the extrinsic goal of financial success. This allows us to eliminate the alternative explanations that need-supportive distractors are effective as a result of the focused-distraction strategy in general, or due to its pleasant and personally relevant content. Findings suggest that effectiveness of focused distraction in thought suppression can be augmented by using satisfying and immersive distractors, such as those with need-supportive content.
Befriending the same differently: ethnic, socioeconomic status, and gender differences in same-ethnic friendship

ABSTRACT This study examines same-ethnic friendship variation between students from different ethnic, socioeconomic, and gender groups. Hypotheses based on a theoretical framework of opportunities, preferences, and third-party influence are tested on data of 11,063 students in English, German, Dutch, and Swedish school classes. Using structural equation modelling, the results indicate that ethnic groups differ in absolute and relative same-ethnic friendship because of different meeting opportunities with same-ethnic peers in class and a different status in the ethnic hierarchy. Socioeconomic status groups differ in same-ethnic friendship because socioeconomic status sorts students into more or less diverse school classes but not consistently so across countries and groups. Little further evidence is found for a relation between socioeconomic status and same-ethnic friendship preferences. Lastly, boys and girls do not seem to differ much regarding same-ethnic friendship.
Real-Time Approximate Subsurface Scattering on Graphics Hardware

This paper presents an image-space approximation technique for real-time subsurface scattering. We first create transmitted irradiance samples on shadow maps and then estimate single scattering efficiently using a method similar to shadow mapping, with adaptive deterministic sampling. We incorporate this single-scattering with a recently proposed technique for multiple scattering. We demonstrate that our technique produces high-quality images of animated scenes. We archived hundreds of frames per second on graphics hardware without lengthy preprocessing.
Worst-Case Sensing Deception in Cognitive Radio Networks

This paper addresses the design of the power-limited intelligent adversary for sensing deception in a cognitive radio network. The average number of successfully spoofed bands by the adversary is analyzed, which can be expressed in terms of the individual spoofing probability on each band. The worst-case sensing deception strategy is obtained by maximizing the average number of successfully spoofed bands, under the adversary's power constraint. Specifically, for a cognitive radio network where energy detection is utilized by secondary users, it is shown that the worst-case deception strategy is equal-power, partial-band spoofing.
Students’ reasons for preferring teleological explanations

ABSTRACT The teleological bias, a major learning obstacle, involves explaining biological phenomena in terms of purposes and goals. To probe the teleological bias, researchers have used acceptance judgement tasks and preference judgement tasks. In the present study, such tasks were used with German high school students (N = 353) for 10 phenomena from human biology, that were explained both teleologically and causally. A sub-sample (n = 26) was interviewed about the reasons for their preferences. The results showed that the students favoured teleological explanations over causal explanations. Although the students explained their preference judgements etiologically (i.e. teleologically and causally), they also referred to a wide range of non-etiological criteria (i.e. familiarity, complexity, relevance and five more criteria). When elaborating on their preference for causal explanations, the students often focused not on the causality of the phenomenon, but on mechanisms whose complexity they found attractive. When explaining their preference for teleological explanations, they often focused not teleologically on purposes and goals, but rather on functions, which they found familiar and relevant. Generally, students’ preference judgements rarely allowed for making inferences about causal reasoning and teleological reasoning, an issue that is controversial in the literature. Given that students were largely unaware of causality and teleology, their attention must be directed towards distinguishing between etiological and non-etiological reasoning. Implications for educational practice as well as for future research are discussed.
Predicted Fe II Emission-Line Strengths from Active Galactic Nuclei

We present theoretical Fe II emission line strengths for physical conditions typical of active galactic nuclei with broad-line regions. The Fe II line strengths were computed with a precise treatment of radiative transfer using extensive and accurate atomic data from the Iron Project. Excitation mechanisms for the Fe II emission included continuum fluorescence, collisional excitation, self-fluorescence among the Fe II transitions, and fluorescent excitation by Lyα and Lyβ. A large Fe II atomic model consisting of 827 fine structure levels (including states to E ≈ 15 eV) was used to predict fluxes for approximately 23,000 Fe II transitions, covering most of the UV, optical, and IR wavelengths of astrophysical interest. Spectral synthesis for wavelengths from 1600 Å to 1.2 μm is presented. Applications of present theoretical templates to the analysis of observations are described. In particular, we discuss recent observations of near-IR Fe II lines in the 8500 Å-1 μm region which are predicted by the Lyα fluorescence mechanism. We also compare our UV spectral synthesis with an empirical iron template for the prototypical, narrow-line Seyfert galaxy I Zw 1. The theoretical Fe II template presented in this work should also be applicable to a variety of objects with Fe II spectra formed under similar excitation conditions, such as supernovae and symbiotic stars.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PENDIDIKAN, KEBUDAYAAN, PEMUDA DAN OLAHRAGA KABUPATEN MAMUJU UTARA

This study aims to determine the effect of variable competencies (knowledge, skills, self-concept, personal characteristics and motives) on the performance of employees at the Department of Education, Culture, Youth and Sports Mamuju Utara and influence competency partially on employee performance: the effect of knowledge, skills, self-concept, personal characteristics and motives of the performance of employees at the Department of Education, Culture, Youth and Sports of North Mamuju regency. The population in this research that all employees are scattered on each unit of work / field / secretariat within the Department of Education, Culture, Youth and Sports of North Mamuju regency. The method used is a survey that is explonary causal relationship in the form of a survey which aims to find out the pattern of a causal relationship between the variables of competence with the performance by using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the variables competencies (knowledge, skills, self-concept, personal characteristics and motives) simultaneously significant effect on employee performance. Partially, the variable most dominant influence of competence, namely the skills and self-concept is the smallest influence on the performance of employees at the Department of Education, Culture, Youth an d Sports of North Mamuju regency.
Robust nonlinear filtering for INS/GPS UAV localization

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in military and scientific research. UAVs rely on accurate location information for a variety of purposes including navigation, motion planning and control, and mission completion. UAV INS/GPS localization is generally used based on navigation filter. Extended Kalman filter is largely used to solve the problem of data fusion and localization, however, EKF suffers from the initialization problem and the linearization errors which severely degrade the performance of the UAV localization estimates. In this paper we propose another innovative alternative, which is based on the Hinfin nonlinear filtering to avoid issues linked with classical filtering techniques and getting a significant robustness. This filtering approach is based on the Hinfin robust control theory, results, comparison with the EKF filter and validation on a simulation of a 3D flight scenario are presented.
Enterotoxin Gene Cluster-Encoded SEI and SElN from Staphylococcus aureus Isolates are Crucial for the Induction of Human Blood Cell Proliferation and Pathogenicity in Rabbits

Among the toxin family of bacterial superantigens, the six members of the enterotoxin gene cluster (egc) seem to have unusual characteristics. They are present in the majority of Staphylococcus aureus strains, but their role in disease remains uncertain. We assessed secretion levels, immunogenicity, and toxicity of native and recombinant egc proteins. After having developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we found different quantities of egc proteins secreted by bacterial isolates. Supernatants induced proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, purified recombinant egc proteins were shown to have differing superantigenicity potentials. Immunization with identical amounts of all members of egc, and the prominent toxic agent SEB, resulted in neutralizing antisera. Two egc proteins, SEI and SElN, were found to play a predominant role within the cluster. Both displayed the highest potential to activate blood cells, and were essential to be neutralized in supernatants. The application of a supernatant of a strain bearing only egc was sufficient for a lethal outcome in a rabbit model. Again, neutralization of SEI and SElN led to the survival of all tested animals. Finally, nanogram amounts of purified rSEI and rSElN led to lethality in vivo, pointing out the importance of both as virulence determinants among egc superantigens.
Impact of Feedback on Three Phases of Performance Monitoring

We investigated if certain phases of performance monitoring show differential sensitivity to external feedback and thus rely on distinct mechanisms. The phases of interest were: the error phase (FE), the phase of the correct response after errors (FEC), and the phase of correct responses following corrects (FCC). We tested accuracy and reaction time (RT) on 12 conditions of a continuous-choice-response task; the 2-back task. External feedback was either presented or not in FE and FEC, and delivered on 0%, 20%, or 100% of FCC trials. The FCC20 was matched to FE and FEC in the number of sounds received so that we could investigate when external feedback was most valuable to the participants. We found that external feedback led to a reduction in accuracy when presented on all the correct responses. Moreover, RT was significantly reduced for FCC100, which in turn correlated with the accuracy reduction. Interestingly, the correct response after an error was particularly sensitive to external feedback since accuracy was reduced when external feedback was presented during this phase but not for FCC20. Notably, error-monitoring was not influenced by feedback-type. The results are in line with models suggesting that the internal error-monitoring system is sufficient in cognitively demanding tasks where performance is ∼ 80%, as well as theories stipulating that external feedback directs attention away from the task. Our data highlight the first correct response after an error as particularly sensitive to external feedback, suggesting that important consolidation of response strategy takes place here.
Send Orders of Reprints at Reprints@benthamscience.org Biosynthesis of Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor-i and the Regulation of Their Secretion

This report reviews the current knowledge on the biosynthesis, regulation and secretion of Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-like Growth factor-I (IGF-I). Variants of human GH, molecular size variants as well as charge variants, and the GH binding protein will be discussed, and the regulation of expression of the hGH gene is reviewed. IGF-I expression, regulation of the igf-I gene and secretion is discussed and a separate section on the influence of the six IGF binding proteins is included.
RayCore

We present RayCore, a mobile ray-tracing hardware architecture. RayCore facilitates high-quality rendering effects, such as reflection, refraction, and shadows, on mobile devices by performing real-time Whitted ray tracing. RayCore consists of two major components: ray-tracing units (RTUs) based on a unified traversal and intersection pipeline and a tree-building unit (TBU) for dynamic scenes. The overall RayCore architecture offers considerable benefits in terms of die area, memory access, and power consumption. We have evaluated our architecture based on FPGA and ASIC evaluations and demonstrate its performance on different benchmarks. According to the results, our architecture demonstrates high performance per unit area and unit energy, making it highly suitable for use in mobile devices.
As Time Goes By: From the Industrial Revolutions to the Information Revolution

From the Publisher: "How can we best understand the impact of revolutionary technologies on the business cycle, the economy, and society? Why is economics meaningless without history and without an understanding of institutional and technical change? Does the 'new economy' mean the 'end of history'? " "These are some of the questions addressed in this authoritative analysis of economic growth from the Industrial Revolution of the 'new economy' of today. Chris Freeman has been one of the foremost researchers on innovation for a long time and his colleague Francisco Louca is an outstanding historian of economic theory and an analyst of econometric models and methods. Together they chart the history of five technological revolutions: water-powered mechanization, steam-powered mechanization, electrification, motorization, and computerization. They demonstrate the necessity to take account of politics, culture, organizational change, and entrepreneurship, as well as science and technology in the analysis of economic growth. " "This is a well-informed, highly topical, and persuasive study of interest across all the social sciences. "--BOOK JACKET.
La elección de la lengua extranjera como titulación universitaria: Expectativas y rasgos de estudio

El objetivo de este estudio es dictaminar cual es el grado mas demandado por alumnos de ultimo curso de Bachillerato y Ciclos Formativos de Grado Superior, asi como evaluar la influencia que tienen parametros de genero, rama de estudios, intereses academicos profesionales y motivos en la eleccion de un grado o titulacion de Lengua Extranjera. En este estudio participaron un total de 1.164 estudiantes de Espana, con una edad comprendida entre los 17 y 30 anos (M=18,24 anos; DT= 1,258). Como principales conclusiones de la presente investigacion se extrae que aaproximadamente uno de cada diez son los estudiantes que pretenden estudiar los tres grados de Lengua Extranjera que hay en la Universidad (Grado de Estudios Ingleses, Traduccion e Interpretacion y Primaria Mencion en Lengua Extranjera), siendo las mujeres las que tienen mas intencion de estudiar Grados de Lengua Extranjera, procediendo casi en su totalidad de Bachillerato, caracterizandose por ser altruistas y senalando “el gusto por esta profesion” como motivo mas determinante.
Temperature dependence of the pre-edge structure in the Ti K-edge x-ray absorption spectrum of rutile

The temperature dependence of the pre-edge features in x-ray absorption spectroscopy is reviewed. Then, the temperature dependence of the pre-edge structure at the K-edge of titanium in rutile TiO2 is measured at low and room temperature. The first two peaks grow with temperature. The fact that these two peaks also correspond to electric quadrupole transitions is explained by a recently proposed theory.
Integrating Disability: Boomerang Effects when using Positive Media Exemplars to Reduce Disability Prejudice

Abstract Individuals with disabilities comprise the largest minority group in the world, yet they are the most underrepresented minority group in higher education, the job market and entertainment media such as literature. This population is often underrepresented because of the overlapping physical, attitudinal and policy barriers that prevent them from participating fully in society. Despite their large numbers, individuals with disabilities not only encounter personalised prejudice, but also experience institutionalised prejudice. In an effort to reduce negative attitudes toward individuals with disabilities, this study examined the effects of positive disability exemplars on people’s attitudes. A comparison between implicit and explicit measures of prejudice found that implicit bias of able-bodied students was more entrenched than explicit biases.
Examining the Efficacy of the Spanish Cultural Translation of the Student Success Skills Program to Improve Academic Achievement

The positive impact of implementing social-emotional learning (SEL) interventions in schools has been well evidenced in the preschool–Grade 12 literature (Durlak, Weissberg, Dymnicki, Taylor, & Schellinger, 2011; Rosenblatt & Elias, 2008). More specifically, researchers have documented the effectiveness of delivering interventions influenced by individual psychology and humanistic counseling to improve students’ academic and behavioral outcomes (Bal, Thorius, & Kozleski, 2012; Bowers, Lemberger, Jones, & Rogers, 2015; Bradshaw, Mitchell, & Leaf, 2010; Brigman, Lemberger, & Moore, 2012; Brigman, Villares, & Webb, 2011; Lemberger & Clemens, 2011; Lemberger, Selig, Bowers, & Rogers, 2015; Nelsen, Lott, & Glenn, 2013; Webb, Lemberger, & Brigman, 2008). For example, the Student Success Skills (SSS) curriculum, a school counselor–led SEL curriculum, teaches students key cognitive, social, and self-management skills within the context of a safe, caring, and supportive classroom to encourage them to become active change agents in their own
Flexible and conservative features of social systems in tufted capuchin monkeys: comparing the socioecology of Sapajus libidinosus and Sapajus nigritus

Socioecological models assume that primates adapt their social behavior to ecological conditions, and predict that food availability and distribution, predation risk and risk of infanticide by males affect patterns of social organization, social structure and mating system of primates. However, adaptability and variation of social behavior may be constrained by conservative adaptations and by phylogenetic inertia. The comparative study of closely related species can help to identify the relative contribution of ecological and of genetic determinants to primate social systems. We compared ecological features and social behavior of two species of the genus Sapajus, S. nigritus in Carlos Botelho State Park, an area of Atlantic Forest in São Paulo state, and S. libidinosus in Fazenda Boa Vista, a semi‐arid habitat in Piauí state, Brazil. S. libidinosus perceived higher predation risk and fed on clumped, high quality, and usurpable resources (fruits) all year round, whereas S. nigritus perceived lower predation risk and relied on evenly distributed, low‐quality food sources (leaves) during periods of fruit shortage. As predicted by socioecology models, S. libidinosus females were philopatric and established linear and stable dominance hierarchies, coalitions, and grooming relationships. S. nigritus females competed less often, and could transfer between groups, which might explain the lack of coalitions and grooming bonds among them. Both populations presented similar group size and composition and the same polygynous mating system. The species differed from each other in accordance with differences in the characteristics of their main food sources, as predicted by socioecological models, suggesting that phylogenetic inertia does not constrain social relationships established among female Sapajus. The similarity in mating systems indicates that this element of the social system is not affected by ecological variables and thus, is a more conservative behavioral feature of the genus Sapajus. Am. J. Primatol. 74:315–331, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of secured video steganography using computer forensics technique for enhance data security

Steganography is used to hide the messages inside other harmless messages in a way that does not allow any enemy to even sense that there is a second secret message present while the purpose of computer forensics is that it provides security from covert communication dealing with digital data and covert communication channel. In this paper we used video as cover media for hiding the secret message and used computer forensics as tool for authentication. Our aim is to hide an image and text behind a video file. Suitable algorithm such as 1LSB, 2LSB, 4LSB is used and 4LSB method found to be good for hiding more secret information data. This paper deals with the idea of video steganography, cryptography and the use of computer forensic techniques in both investigative and security manner.
Gendering the Job: Networks and Recruitment at a Call Center1

Understanding the mechanisms driving gender segregation has become a key focus in research on gender and labor markets. While the literature often invokes gender‐sorting mechanisms that operate prehire, the data used to study these processes are usually collected on posthire populations. This article examines the workings of prehire mechanisms determining job sex segregation. Analyzing unique data on the recruitment and hiring process for customer service representatives at a telephone service center, all of the factors examined—preapplication choices, gender homophilous networks, and screeners’ choices—play significant roles in the gender segregation of this job. The analyses also show that making inferences about prehire processes on the basis of posthire data can be misleading. The authors conclude by discussing the theoretical and methodological implications of these findings.