Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Air-conduction auditory steady-state response: comparison of interchannel recording using two modulation frequencies.

BACKGROUND Two-channel auditory steady-state response (ASSR) recording at high and low MF (modulation frequency) most likely provides an insight about the response amplitude and latency from different directions at the brainstem level and at the thalamus or cortical level. Little is known about the combined relationship between MF (39 and 79 Hz) and electrode montages (ipsilateral and contralateral) to single AM (amplitude modulation) tones on the ASSR amplitude and latency. PURPOSE To determine if ipsilateral versus contralateral response asymmetries are present at the brainstem level (79 Hz ASSR) and at the thalamus or cortical levels (39 Hz ASSR). RESEARCH DESIGN Descriptive and inferential statistics for interchannel ipsilateral and contralateral ASSR amplitude and latency to 79 and 39 Hz. STUDY SAMPLE Twenty-five normal-hearing, right-handed young female adults participated in the study. All participants were right-handed, and their age ranged between 18 to 28 years (mean 24.5 +/- 1.6 years). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Ipsilateral and contralateral ASSR to 39 and 79 Hz MF and 100% AM stimuli were recorded at 500, 2000, and 4000 Hz carrier frequencies at 65 dB SPL. The ASSR amplitudes and phases were determined for each MF across Fc (carrier frequency) for the two channels to the test (right) ear. ASSR amplitude and latency between recording montages for each MF and across carrier frequency were compared by computing two-way repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS The mean ipsilateral ASSR amplitudes to 39 Hz across frequency were slightly larger (228.6 +/- 61.6 microV) than the contralateral response amplitude (223.2 +/- 78 microV) while the mean ipsilateral 79 Hz amplitudes were smaller (127.3 +/- 114.8) compared to contralateral 79 Hz amplitude (154.6 +/- 112.7 microV). For latency response, the mean ipsilateral/contralateral latency difference, on average, was 1 msec or less for both MFs. Results, in normal female adults, indicated no significant interchannel ASSR asymmetries for amplitude and latency (p > 0.05) at the brainstem (79 Hz ASSR) and at the thalamus or cortical levels (39 Hz ASSR). CONCLUSIONS Interchannel ipsilateral and contralateral ASSR amplitude and latency to 79 and 39 Hz are not significantly different in normal, young female adults. Two-channel recording of ASSR to different MFs may be of clinical value in otoneurologic assessment.
Effect of 12 Weeks High Oleic Peanut Consumption on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors and Body Composition

Epidemiological evidence indicates an inverse association between nut consumption and obesity, inflammation, hyperlipidaemia and glucose intolerance. We investigated effects of high oleic peanut consumption vs. a nut free diet on adiposity and cardio-metabolic risk markers. In a randomised cross-over design, 61 healthy subjects (65 ± 7 years, body mass index (BMI) 31 ± 4 kg/m2) alternated either high oleic peanuts (15%–20% of energy) or a nut free diet for 12 weeks. Body composition and mass, waist circumference, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipids, glucose and insulin were assessed at baseline and after each phase. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared the two diets. Consistent with other nut studies, there were no differences in lipids, CRP, glucose and insulin with peanut consumption. In contrast, some reports have demonstrated benefits, likely due to differences in the study cohort. Energy intake was 10% higher (853 kJ, p < 0.05), following peanut consumption vs. control, attributed to a 30% increase in fat intake (p < 0.001), predominantly monounsaturated (increase 22 g, p < 0.05). Despite greater energy intake during the peanut phase, there were no differences in body composition, and less than predicted increase (0.5 kg) in body weight for this additional energy intake, possibly due to incomplete nutrient absorption and energy utilisation.
A NEW DEADLOCK PREVENTION METHOD FOR A PETRI NET MODELING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF A HOSPITAL BY TIMOTEI ASAFTEI

In Resource Allocation Systems (RAS), a very common problem is the apparition of deadlock states. This phenomenon is due to the shared resources from the system. A way to deal with the deadlock problem is to prevent the its occurrence in the system. In this article we use the properties of the minimal siphons of SPR nets and the Pruning Graph to develop a new method for deadlock prevention. This method consists in the increasing of the number of copies of a given resource type, and in the splitting of the total copies of resources in two new types of resources that will be used in a private way for each one of the two disjoint groups in which the old holder places of the original resource type are divided. The selection of the original resource type to be split into two new resource types and the separation of the holder places into the two disjoint groups of private users of the new resource types is conducted by the pruning graph in order to destroy all original bad siphons that can cause a deadlock. The algorithm uses only structural information of the net and it is very economic in memory.
Probing ~100 AU Intergalactic Mg II Absorbing “Cloudlets” with Quasar Microlensing

Intergalactic Mg II absorbers are known to have structures down to scales ~102.5 pc, and there are now indications that they may be fragmented on scales ≲10-2.5 pc according to Hao and coworkers. When a lensed quasar is microlensed, the microimages of the quasar experience creation, destruction, distortion, and drastic astrometric changes during caustic crossings. I show that quasar microlensing can effectively probe Mg II and other absorption "cloudlets" with sizes ~10-4.0 to 10-2.0 pc by inducing significant spectral variability on timescales of months to years. With numerical simulations, I demonstrate the feasibility of applying this method to Q2237+0305, and I show that high-resolution spectra of this quasar in the near future would provide a clear test of the existence of such metal-line absorbing "cloudlets. "
Improved Audio Steganalytic Feature and Its Applications in Audio Forensics

Digital multimedia steganalysis has attracted wide attention over the past decade. Currently, there are many algorithms for detecting image steganography. However, little research has been devoted to audio steganalysis. Since the statistical properties of image and audio files are quite different, features that are effective in image steganalysis may not be effective for audio. In this article, we design an improved audio steganalytic feature set derived from both the time and Mel-frequency domains for detecting some typical steganography in the time domain, including LSB matching, Hide4PGP, and Steghide. The experiment results, evaluated on different audio sources, including various music and speech clips of different complexity, have shown that the proposed features significantly outperform the existing ones. Moreover, we use the proposed features to detect and further identify some typical audio operations that would probably be used in audio tampering. The extensive experiment results have shown that the proposed features also outperform the related forensic methods, especially when the length of the audio clip is small, such as audio clips with 800 samples. This is very important in real forensic situations.
Ultrasensitive RNA in situ hybridization for detection of restricted clonal expression of low-abundance immunoglobulin light chain mRNA in B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.

OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility of using a novel ultrasensitive bright-field in situ hybridization approach (BRISH) to evaluate κ and λ immunoglobulin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in situ in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). METHODS A series of 110 semiconsecutive clinical cases evaluated for lymphoma with historic flow cytometric (FCM) results were assessed with BRISH. RESULTS BRISH light chain restriction (LCR) results were concordant with FCM in 108 (99%) of 109 evaluable cases. Additional small B-cell lymphoma cohorts were successfully evaluated. CONCLUSIONS BRISH analysis of κ and λ immunoglobulin mRNA expression is a sensitive tool for establishing LCR in B-cell NHL when FCM results are not available.
Verifying and decoding in constant depth

We develop a general approach for improving the efficiency of a computationally bounded receiver interacting with a powerful and possibly malicious sender. The key idea we use is that of delegating some of the receiver's computation to the (potentially malicious) sender. This idea was recently introduced by Goldwasser et al. [14] in the area of program checking. A classic example of such a sender-receiver setting is interactive proof systems. By taking the sender to be a (potentially malicious) prover and the receiver to be a verifier, we show that (p-prover) interactive proofs with k rounds of interaction are equivalent to (p-prover) interactive proofs with k+O(1) rounds, where the verifier is in NC0. That is, each round of the verifier's computation can be implemented in constant parallel time. As a corollary, we obtain interactive proof systems, with (optimally) constant soundness, for languages in AM and NEXP, where the verifier runs in constant parallel-time. Another, less immediate sender-receiver setting arises in considering error correcting codes. By taking the sender to be a (potentially corrupted) codeword and the receiver to be a decoder, we obtain explicit families of codes that are locally (list-)decodable by constant-depth circuits of size polylogarithmic in the length of the codeword. Using the tight connection between locally list-decodable codes and average-case complexity, we obtain a new, more efficient, worst-case to average-case reduction for languages in EXP.
Exportin-5 orthologues are functionally divergent among species

Exportin-5, an evolutionarily conserved nuclear export factor belonging to the importin-β family of proteins, is known to play a role in the nuclear export of small noncoding RNAs such as precursors of microRNA, viral minihelix RNA and a subset of tRNAs in mammalian cells. In this study, we show that the exportin-5 orthologues from different species such as human, fruit fly and yeast exhibit diverged functions. We found that Msn5p, a yeast exportin-5 orthologue, binds double-stranded RNAs and that it prefers a shorter 22 nt, double-stranded RNA to ∼80 nt pre-miRNA, even though both of these RNAs share a similar terminal structure. Furthermore, we found that Drosophila exportin-5 binds pre-miRNAs and that amongst the exportin-5 orthologues tested, it shows the highest affinity for tRNAs. The knockdown of Drosophila exportin-5 in cultured cells decreased the amounts of tRNA as well as miRNA, whereas the knock down of human exportin-5 in cultured cells affected only miRNA but not tRNA levels. These results indicate that double-stranded RNA binding ability is an inherited functional characteristic of the exportin-5 orthologues and that Drosophila exportin-5 functions as an exporter of tRNAs as well as pre-miRNAs in the fruit fly that lacks the orthologous gene for exportin-t.
Thermodynamic Bethe ansatz for planar AdS/CFT: a proposal

Moving from the mirror theory Bethe–Yang equations proposed by Arutyunov and Frolov, we derive the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations which should control the spectrum of the planar AdS5/CFT4 correspondence. The associated set of universal functional relations (Y-system) satisfied by the exponentials of the TBA pseudoenergies is deduced, confirming the structure inferred by Gromov, Kazakov and Vieira.
Comments on Karterud’s ‘On Structure and Leadership in Mentalization-based Group Therapy and Group Analysis’, June 2015

This article initially gives a broad presentation of mentalization-based therapy (MBT). This is a therapy with several components, mainly conjoint use of individual and group based therapies. According to the author, this group therapy has its roots in group analytic psychotherapy, but has been modified, in order to suit the treatment needs of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), who easily resort to prementalistic modes of thinking, serious problems with affect regulation, and an increased tendency of acting out. The main objective of MBT is to enhance patients’ inherent capacity for mentalizing, roughly defined by Bateman and Fonagy (2006), the pioneers of this treatment, as understanding oneself and others better. The purpose is to improve the patients’ intersubjective competence, and thereby enhancing their sense of self-cohesion and identity. 19 MBT principles are presented, of which the following nine are specific for the group module of MBT (MBT-G; Karterud, 2012): 1) Managing the boundaries of the group; 2) Regulating the phases of the group; 3) Initiating and fulfilling turn-taking; 4) Engaging the group members in mentalizing interpersonal events embedded in the narratives of the turn-taking; 5) Identifying and mentalizing events in the group; 6) Care for the group and each member; 7) Managing authority; 8) Stimulating and assisting the group in discussion on themes relevant for the group culture; and 9) Co-operating with the co-therapist. 623204 GAQ0010.1177/0533316415623204Group AnalysisLorentzen: Comment research-article2015
Tactile data entry for extravehicular activity

In the task-saturated environment of extravehicular activity (EVA), an astronaut's ability to leverage suit-integrated information systems is limited by a lack of options for data entry. In particular, bulky gloves inhibit the ability to interact with standard computing interfaces such as a mouse or keyboard. This paper presents the results of a preliminary investigation into a system that permits the space suit gloves themselves to be used as data entry devices. Hand motion tracking is combined with simple finger gesture recognition to enable use of a virtual keyboard, while tactile feedback provides touch-based context to the graphical user interface (GUI) and positive confirmation of keystroke events. In human subject trials, conducted with twenty participants using a prototype system, participants entered text significantly faster with tactile feedback than without (p = 0.02). The results support incorporation of vibrotactile information in a future system that will enable full touch typing and general mouse interactions using instrumented EVA gloves.
Investigating the maintenance implications of the replication of code

This paper describes an investigation into the use of code replication within legacy software systems. Two cases of replication are investigated. These are replication with an individual program and replication of an entire or part of a program across a program suite. For each of the cases an example is given from code used within the commercial sector. The instances of replication are then investigated and the implication of their occurrences within the code on the maintenance process are considered. The reasons why code replication is not a form of software reuse are discussed. Finally this paper investigates whether, with reengineering, areas of high usage of code replication are potential candidates for reuse
Postural Control Impairments in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Critical Review of Current Literature

Context: Motor impairments in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been frequently reported. In this review, we narrow our focus on postural control impairments to summarize current literature for patterns, underlying mechanisms, and determinants of posture in this population. Evidence Acquisition: A literature search was conducted through Medline, ISI web of Knowledge, Scopus and Google Scholar to include studies between 1992 and February 2013. Results: Individuals with ASD have problems in maintaining postural control in infancy that well persists into later years. However, the patterns and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Conclusions: Examining postural control as an endophenotype or early diagnostic marker of autism is a conceptual premise which should be considered in future investigations. At the end of the review, methodological recommendations on the assessment of postural control have also been provided.
An Implicit 2-D Shallow Water Flow Model on Unstructured Quadtree Rectangular Mesh

Abstract An implicit finite volume scheme is developed to solve the depth-averaged 2-D shallow water flow equations. The computational mesh consists of rectangular cells, with quadtree technology incorporated to locally refine the mesh around structures of interest or where the topography and/or flow properties change sharply. The grid nodes are numbered by means of an unstructured index system for more flexibility. The governing equations are solved using the SIMPLEC algorithm on non-staggered grid to handle the coupling of water level and velocity. In this non-staggered system, primary variables u-, v-velocity, and water level are stored on the same set of grid points, and fluxes at cell faces are determined using the Rhie and Chow's momentum interpolation method to avoid spurious checkerboard oscillations. The discretized algebraic equations are solved iteratively using the GMRES method. The model has been tested against measurement data for steady flow around a spur-dyke in a laboratory flume and tidal flows in Gironde Estuary, France and Grays Harbor, USA. The model reasonably well reproduces the temporal and spatial variations of water level and current speed observed in the measurements. The laboratory test has demonstrated that the quadtree mesh is cost-effective, while the two field cases have shown that the model is very stable and handles wetting and drying efficiently.
Cutting Edge: Control of CD8+ T Cell Activation by CD4+CD25+ Immunoregulatory Cells

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibit organ-specific autoimmune diseases induced by CD4+CD25− T cells and are potent suppressors of CD4+CD25− T cell activation in vitro. We demonstrate that CD4+CD25+ T cells also suppress both proliferation and IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells induced either by polyclonal or Ag-specific stimuli. CD4+CD25+ T cells inhibit the activation of CD8+ responders by inhibiting both IL-2 production and up-regulation of IL-2Rα-chain (CD25) expression. Suppression is mediated via a T-T interaction as activated CD4+CD25+ T cells suppress the responses of TCR-transgenic CD8+ T cells stimulated with soluble peptide-MHC class I tetramers in the complete absence of APC. These results broaden the immunoregulatory role played by CD4+CD25+ T cells in the prevention of autoimmune diseases, but also raise the possibility that they may hinder the induction of effector CD8+ T cells to tumor or foreign Ags.
Brand Concepts as Representations of Human Values: Do Cultural Congruity and Compatibility between values Matter?

Global brands are faced with the challenge of conveying concepts that not only are consistent across borders but also resonate with consumers of different cultures. Building on prior research indicating that abstract brand concepts induce more favorable consumer responses than functional attributes, the authors introduce a generalizable and robust structure of abstract brand concepts as representations of human values. Using three empirical studies conducted with respondents from eight countries, they demonstrate that this proposed structure is particularly useful for predicting (1) brand meanings that are compatible (vs. incompatible) with each other and, consequently, more (less) favorably accepted by consumers when added to an already established brand concept; (2) brand concepts that are more likely to resonate with consumers with differing cultural orientations; and (3) consumers’ responses to attempts to imbue an established brand concept with new, (in)compatible abstract meanings as a function of their own cultural orientations.
Functional analysis and regulation of nuclear import of dorsal during the immune response in Drosophila.

In addition to its function in embryonic development, the NF‐kappa B/rel‐related gene dorsal (dl) of Drosophila is expressed in larval and adult fat body where its RNA expression is enhanced upon injury. Injury also leads to a rapid nuclear translocation of dl from the cytoplasm in fat body cells. Here we present data which strongly suggest that the nuclear localization of dl during the immune response is controlled by the Toll signaling pathway, comprising gene products that participate in the intracellular part of the embryonic dorsoventral pathway. We also report that in mutants such as Toll or cactus, which exhibit melanotic tumor phenotypes, dl is constitutively nuclear. Together, these results point to a potential link between the Toll signaling pathway and melanotic tumor induction. Although dl has been shown previously to bind to kappa B‐related motifs within the promoter of the antibacterial peptide coding gene diptericin, we find that injury‐induced expression of diptericin can occur in the absence of dl. Furthermore, the melanotic tumor phenotype of Toll and cactus is not dl dependent. These data underline the complexity of the Drosophila immune response. Finally, we observed that like other rel proteins, dl can control the level of its own transcription.
Sex Differences in Job Attribute Preferences among Managers and Business Students

Meta-analysis of 31 studies examined whether women and men in management and business schools differ in their job attribute preferences. Findings indicated no significant sex differences for 9 of the 21 job attribute preferences studied. The 12 significant sex differences indicated that men considered earnings and responsibility to be more important than women did, whereas women considered prestige, challenge, task significance, variety, growth, job security, good coworkers, a good supervisor, and the physical work environment to be more important than men did. The significant sex differences were small, nine of them having a magnitude of . 10 standard deviation units or less. Students showed larger sex differences than managers did, and changes over time showed that women increased their ratings of the importance of four job attributes relative to men. The findings imply that sex differences in job attribute preferences are not an important determinant of women’s lower status in management.
Connectivity of co-changed method groups: a case study on open source systems

Software maintenance is an important and challenging phase of the software development life cycle because changes during this phase without proper awareness of dependencies among program modules can introduce faults in the software system. There is also a common intuition that cloned code introduces additional software maintenance challenges and difficulties. To support successful accomplishment of maintenance activities we consider two issues: (i) identifying coding characteristics that cause high source code modifications, and (ii) guidance for minimizing source code modifications. Focusing on these two issues we investigated the effects of method sharing (among different functionality) on method co-changeability and source code modifications. We proposed and empirically evaluated two metrics, (i) COMS (Co-changeability of Methods), and (ii) CCMS (Connectivity of Co-changed Method Groups). COMS measures the extent to which a method co-changes with other methods. CCMS quantifies the extent to which a particular functionality in a software system is connected with other functionality in that system. In other words CCMS measures the intensity of method sharing among different functionality or tasks (defined later). We investigated the impact of CCMS on COMS and source code modifications. Our comprehensive study on hundreds of revisions of six open source subject systems covering three programming languages (Java, C and C#) suggests that - (i) higher CCMS causes higher COMS as well as increased source code modifications, (ii) COMS in the cloned regions of a software system is negligible as compared to the COMS in the non-cloned regions, and (iii) in-spite of some issues (described later) cloning can be a possible way to reduce CCMS.