Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compensated Discount Functions: An Experiment on the Influence of Expected Income on Time Preferences

This paper examines the empirical question of whether subjects? static choices among rewards received at different times are influenced by their expected income levels at those times. Moreover, we recover time preferences after compensating for possible income effects. Besides eliciting subjects? preference between standard delayed rewards, the experimental design also elicited their preferences over delayed rewards that are received only if the subject? s income remains approximately constant. These preferences, along with elicited subjective probabilities of satisfying the condition, make the correction possible. We conducted the experiments in Iceland, where our prompt access to income tax records enabled us to condition delayed rewards on income realizations. We find that background income is associated with preferences over unconditional delayed rewards. While most people exhibited present bias when comparing unconditional delayed rewards, subjects with stable income did not. The results are similar for the entire sample once we correct subjects? discount functions for income effects. This suggests that income expectations have an effect on choices between future rewards, and that this may account for some of the present-bias observed in experiments.
High‐dose CD20‐targeted radioimmunotherapy‐based autologous transplantation improves outcomes for persistent mantle cell lymphoma

Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) can improve outcomes for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients, yet relapses are frequent. We hypothesized that high‐dose anti‐CD20 radioimmunotherapy (RIT)‐based conditioning could improve results in this setting. We thus assessed 162 consecutive patients with MCL at our centre undergoing ASCT following high‐dose RIT‐based (n = 61) or standard (n = 101) conditioning. RIT patients were less likely to be in first remission (48% vs. 72%; P = 0·002), be in complete remission (CR) (26% vs. 61%; P < 0·001) and have chemosensitive disease (84% vs. 96%; P = 0·006). RIT‐based conditioning was associated with a reduced risk of treatment failure [hazard ratio (HR) 0·40; P = 0·001] and mortality (HR 0·49; P = 0·01) after adjusting for these imbalances. This difference increased as disease status worsened (from CR to partial remission to stable/progressive disease), with respective HRs of 1·14, 0·53 and 0·04 for mortality, and 0·66, 0·36 and 0·14 for treatment failure. RIT‐based conditioning appears to improve outcome following ASCT for MCL patients unable to achieve CR after controlling for imbalances in important risk factors. These data support the further study of RIT and radiation‐based strategies in a risk‐adapted approach to ASCT for persistent MCL.
Differential symbolic execution

Detecting and characterizing the effects of software changes is a fundamental component of software maintenance. Version differencing information can be used to perform version merging, infer change characteristics, produce program documentation, and guide program re-validation. Existing techniques for characterizing code changes, however, are imprecise leading to unnecessary maintenance efforts. In this paper, we introduce a novel extension and application of symbolic execution techniques that computes a precise behavioral characterization of a program change. This technique, which we call differential symbolic execution (DSE), exploits the fact that program versions are largely similar to reduce cost and improve the quality of analysis results. We define the foundational concepts of DSE, describe cost-effective tool support for DSE, and illustrate its potential benefit through an exploratory study that considers version histories of two Java code bases.
Characteristics associated with CEO success: perceptions of CEOs and their staff

Purpose – The paper seeks to identify the characteristics that successful CEOs possess and demonstrate, as perceived by both the CEOs and their staff.Design/methodology/approach – Twenty CEOs and 38 staff members who reported directly to them were involved. There were two parts to the research – questionnaire and interviews. The leadership questionnaire was completed by both groups, who were then interviewed to further explore the characteristics these successful CEOs did possess and demonstrated.Findings – Characteristics identified as important for success were a humanistic approach, achievement orientation, a positive outlook, a sense of integrity, inclusiveness and learning and self‐awareness. Both the CEOs and their staff agreed that the CEOs did possess all these characteristics, some to a greater extent than others. They also agreed that the six characteristics were effectively demonstrated by the CEOs.Research limitations/implications – To date, research on the characteristics that CEOs need to po.
Assessing the suitability of 8-OHdG and micronuclei as genotoxic biomarkers in chromate-exposed workers: a cross-sectional study

Objectives We aimed to investigate suitable conditions of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and micronucleus (MN) as genotoxic biomarkers at different levels of occupational chromate exposure. Design A cross-sectional study was used. Participants 84 workers who were exposed to chromate for at least 1 year were chosen as the chromate exposed group, while 30 non-exposed individuals were used as controls. Main outcome measures Environmental and biological exposure to chromate was respectively assessed by measuring the concentration of chromate in the air (CrA) and blood (CrB) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in all participants. MN indicators, including micronucleus cell count (MNCC), micro-nucleus count (MNC), nuclear bridge (NPB) and nuclear bud (NBUD) were calculated by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test (CBMN), while the urinary 8-OHdG was measured by the ELISA method and normalised by the concentration of Cre. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of CrA, CrB, MNCC, MNC and 8-OHdG in the chromate-exposed group were all significantly higher (p<0.05). There were positive correlations between log(8-OHdG) and LnMNCC or LnMNC (r=0.377 and 0.362). The levels of LnMNCC, LnMNC and log (8-OHdG) all have parabola correlations with the concentration of CrB. However, there was a significantly positive correlation between log (8-OHdG) and CrB when the CrB level was below 10.50 µg/L (r=0.355), while a positive correlation was also found between LnMNCC or LnMNC and CrB when the CrB level was lower than 9.10 µg/L (r=0.365 and 0.269, respectively). Conclusions MN and 8-OHdG can be used as genotoxic biomarkers in the chromate-exposed group, but it is only when CrB levels are lower than 9.10 and 10.50 µg/L, respectively, that they can accurately reflect the degree of genetic damage.
Why Ability Grouping Must End: Achieving Excellence and Equity in American Education.

This review of research focuses on policies and practices that result in placing students in groups that are more or less homogeneous with respect to academic performance. Recent analysis of data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 provides the largest and best-controlled multi-year study of ability grouping ever conducted (Braddock and Slavin). The outcomes of scores of studies have been similar, and these outcomes are discussed in the following categories: (1) opportunities to learn; (2) ability grouping and achievement; (3) ability grouping and segregation; (4) ability grouping and intergroup relations; (5) ability grouping, self-esteem, and feelings of inferiority; (6) ability grouping, delinquency, and dropouts; and (7) alternatives to ability grouping. Ability grouping must end because it is ineffective, harmful to many students, and damaging to interracial relations and democratic society. Effective and practical alternatives exist. Public schools must provide more equitable access to learning opportunities that develop reasoning, inference, and critical thinking skills. Major school restructuring will be necessary to develop the needed alternatives. A 71-item list of references is included. (SLD) ******w**************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Why Ability Grouping Must End: Achieving Excellence and Equity in American Education U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ()Moe of Educational Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ) INFORMATION CENTEER ffhis document has been reproduced as ecelved from the person or organization originating d 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or Opinions stated in this document do not nCessanly represent official OERI position or policy Jomills Henry Braddock, II Robert E. Slavin PERM.SS'ON 0 REPRODUCE MA1EP3AL HAS 6' 1. OfitesAtiv Luokivc! 01c4duGAN4 aytt 54klink5 ECuCAT,0,I4L RESOUE-,TP-: NFORMAv'eN CEN,Ecr FR.C. Center for Research on Effective Schooling for Disadvantaged Students Johns Hopkins University
Excessive reassurance seeking, depression, and interpersonal rejection: a meta-analytic review.

Coyne's (1976a, 1976b) interactional theory of depression predicts positive associations between excessive reassurance seeking (ERS) and both depression and interpersonal rejection. A growing body of research has supported the ERS model, but this work has yet to be systematically reviewed. A meta-analysis of 38 studies (N = 6,973) revealed an aggregate effect size (r) of . 32 between ERS and concurrent depression. Moderator analyses showed effect sizes were significantly stronger for studies with self-report measures, compared with interviews, and for samples with higher percentages of women and were marginally stronger for studies with community samples, compared with clinical samples. A second meta-analysis of 16 studies yielded a weighted mean effect size of . 14 between ERS and concurrent rejection, with studies assessing target-reported rejection showing stronger effect sizes than studies assessing informant-reported rejection and studies examining romantic relationships yielding marginally stronger effect sizes than studies examining nonromantic relationships. Prospective studies are qualitatively reviewed. Results support the ERS model (with several important caveats) but underscore the need for methodological diversity in future research.
The Deep Silicate Absorption Feature in IRAS 08572+3915 and Other Infrared Galaxies

New mid-infrared (10 and 20 μm) spectrophotometry of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy IRAS 08572+3915 is presented. The 10 μm spectrum reveals a deep silicate absorption feature, while the 20 μm spectrum shows no clear evidence for an 18 μm silicate absorption feature. An interstellar extinction curve is fitted to IRAS 08572+3915 and two other deep silicate infrared galaxies, NGC 4418 and Arp 220. It is found that pure extinction cannot explain the spectral energy distributions of these sources. On the other hand, both the strength of the silicate absorption and the overall spectral energy distributions of the three galaxies agree well with scaled-up models of galactic protostars. From this agreement, we conclude that the infrared emission comes from an optically thick dust shell surrounding a compact power source. The size of the power source is constrained to be smaller than a few parsecs. We argue that a significant portion of the total luminosities of these galaxies arises from an active galactic nucleus deeply embedded in dust.
The Effect of Occupational Noise Exposure on Blood and Biochemical Parameters: A Case Study of an Insulator Manufacturer in Iran

Introduction Occupational noise is among the most critical occupational hazards, which, in addition to hearing loss, can cause other adverse consequences on an individual’s physical and mental health. Long-term exposure to noise can affect blood and biochemical parameters and subsequently lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the effect of occupational exposure to noise on blood and biochemical parameters of workers in an insulator manufacturing plant. Methods This case-control study was conducted on workers in the production section (49 people as a case group) and the administrative staff (10 people as a control group) in one insulator manufacturing plant from 2010 to 2014. To assess individual exposure of workers to noise, the noise dosimeter model TES-1355 was used. Noise dosimetry testing was done based on the exposure pattern of workers to noise in compliance with the Iranian national standard (the criterion level of 85 dBA and the exchange rate of Q = 3 dBA). Blood parameters such as blood glucose, cholesterol, red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) were studied in production workers (case) and administrative staff (control) over five consecutive years. The data were analyzed by software (SPSS-22) using the t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Fisher exact test, and Greenhouse-Geisser test. Results No significant difference was found among the demographic data of the two groups (p > 0.05). Average of glucose and cholesterol levels in the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05) and blood glucose levels in the case group significantly reduced over time and cholesterol increased (p < 0.001). Mean difference of RBC number, WBC number, and serum levels of Hb and Hct was statistically significant between the two groups (p < 0.05). In addition, these hematological parameters increased among workers during these years. Conclusion Occupational exposure to noise may have a significant effect on an individual’s blood parameters, which will cause harmful effects on worker health. Therefore, industrialists must take preventive measures in the field of noise control.
Clinical Medicine Insights: Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders Effect of Angiogenesis-related Cytokines on Rotator Cuff Disease: the Search for Sensitive Biomarkers of Early Tendon Degeneration

Background: Hallmarks of the pathogenesis of rotator cuff disease (RCD) include an abnormal immune response, angiogenesis, and altered variables of vascularity. Degenerative changes enhance production of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and vascular angiogenesis-related cytokines (ARC) that play a pivotal role in the immune response to arthroscopic surgery and participate in the pathogenesis of RCD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ARC profile, ie, interleukin (IL): IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and angiogenin (ANG), in human peripheral blood serum and correlate this with early degenerative changes in patients with RCD. Methods: Blood specimens were obtained from 200 patients with RCD and 200 patients seen in the orthopedic clinic for nonrotator cuff disorders. Angiogenesis imaging assays was performed using power Doppler ultrasound to evaluate variables of vascularity in the rotator cuff tendons. Expression of ARC was measured by commercial Bio-Plex Precision Pro Human Cytokine Assays. Results: Baseline concentrations of IL-1β, IL-8, and VEGF was significantly higher in RCD patients than in controls. Significantly higher serum VEGF levels were found in 85% of patients with RCD, and correlated with advanced stage of disease (r = 0.0002) in RCD patients. ANG and IL-10 levels were significantly lower in RCD patients versus controls. IL-1β and ANG levels were significantly correlated with degenerative tendon grade in RCD patients. No difference in IL-6 and bFGF levels was observed between RCD patients and controls. Patients with degenerative changes had markedly lower ANG levels compared with controls. Power Doppler ultrasound showed high blood vessel density in patients with tendon rupture. Conclusion: The pathogenesis of RCD is associated with an imbalance between pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and vascular ARC.
Ultimate regime of convection: Robustness to poor thermal reservoirs

A transition to Kraichnan ultimate regime of convection has been reported in very high Rayleigh numbers experiments, but not in all of them. These apparently contradictory results can be explained by a recent phenomenological model that accounts for the nonideality of the plate thermal properties [Chilla et al., Phys. Fluids 16, 2452 (2004)]. In this paper, we present a direct test of this model, using a low conductivity plate. We found an unaltered transition, not compatible with the model’s predictions.
The impact of transnational migration on gender and marriage in sending communities of Vietnam

The recent, rapid increase in cross-border marriages between women from Southeast Asia and men from East Asia is creating a new international migration flow of ‘marriage migrants’ in the region. This article documents how marriage migration reconfigures gender power relations in three migrant-sending communities in Southern Vietnam. Analyses of data collected in 2007 indicate changes in the status of daughters and sons and a significant transformation of the marriage market. Emigrant daughters experienced enhanced status and power at home, mostly through remittances, to the extent that villagers expressed an increased preference for having girls rather than boys. Young women’s emigration has created a skewed marriage market, which gives village women and their families more bargaining power in marriage transactions. Getting married is difficult for many single men in the village due to the perceived greater value of foreign men, higher bride-prices and a shortage of potential brides. Overall, villagers view marriage migration as contributing to significant social transformations with respect to gender and power relations in households and in the marriage market.
Long-term Events in Adult Patients with Clinical Stage IA-IIA Nonbulky Hodgkin's Lymphoma Treated with Four Cycles of Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine and Adjuvant Radiotherapy: A Single-Institution 15-Year Follow-up

Purpose: To report on long-term events after short doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy in favorable early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. Experimental Design: We monitored late events and causes of death over 15 years (median follow-up, 120 months) in 120 patients with nonbulky stage IA-IIA Hodgkin's lymphoma, treated with four cycles of ABVD and limited radiotherapy. Pulmonary and cardiac function tests were done throughout the follow-up. Outcome measures included cause-specific mortality, standardized mortality ratio, and standardized incidence ratio for secondary neoplasia. Results: Projected 15-year event-free and overall survival were 78% and 86%, and tumor mortality was 3%. Standardized mortality ratio was significantly higher than 1 for both males (2.8; P = 0.029) and females (9.4; P = 0.003). The risk of cardiovascular events at 5 and 12 years was 5.5% and 14%, with a median latent time of 67 months (range: 23-179 months) from the end of radiotherapy. Pulmonary toxicity developed in 8% of patients; all had received mediastinal irradiation and the median time from radiotherapy to pulmonary sequelae was 76 weeks (range: 50-123 weeks). The risk of secondary neoplasia at 5 and 12 years was 4% and 8%, respectively, with no cases of leukemia. Fertility was preserved. Conclusions: Long-term events were mostly related to radiotherapy; the role of short ABVD chemotherapy was very limited, as documented by fertility preservation and lack of secondary myelodysplasia/leukemia. A proportion of patients died from causes unrelated to disease progression and the excess mortality risk was mostly due to the occurrence of secondary neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases. A moderate dose reduction of radiotherapy from 40-44 Gy to 30-36 Gy did not decrease the risk of late complications; abolishing radiotherapy in nonbulky early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma is being evaluated.
Tendencias globales en adopción internacional: ¿en el “interés superior de la infancia”?

El descenso en el numero de adopciones internacionales en los ultimos seis anos es bien conocido y ha sido muy comentado y discutido. El objetivo de este articulo es analizar esos numeros a la luz de este descenso –y del aumento anterior- desde la perspectiva del contexto global. Para ello, se han tomado los datos de los 23 estados receptores de ninos y ninas a traves de adopcion internacional, extendiendo el analisis hasta finales de 2010 para incluir el impacto de la adopcion en Haiti vinculada al terremoto, el caso de Artyom Savelyev y los problemas en torno a otros paises de origen, como Guatemala, Nepal y Vietnam. Las implicaciones de estos cambios y las perspectivas para el futuro se analizan con especial referencia a como estos cambios se relacionan con el interes superior de la infancia.
Induction of metallothionein by arsenicals in mice.

Metallothionein (MT) is a sulfhydryl-rich, metal-binding protein that provides protection against metal toxicity. MT is induced by acute stress, hormones, metals, and various organic compounds. Recently, arsenicals have also been shown to induce MT. However, the mechanism and character of MT induction by arsenicals is unknown. Therefore, the effect of various arsenic forms on the tissue concentration of MT was determined. Mice were injected sc with various doses of arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)], monomethylarsenate (MMAA), and dimethylarsenate (DMAA), and MT content in the liver was measured 24 hr later by the Cd-hemoglobin radioassay. As(III) is a potent hepatic MT inducer in that a 30-fold increase in MT was observed at the dose of 85 mumol/kg. In comparison, it took 3-, 50-, and 120-fold higher molar amounts of As(V), MMAA, and DMAA, respectively to produce a similar effect. MMAA produces the largest increase in hepatic MT (80-fold), followed by As(III) (30-fold), As(V) (25-fold), and DMAA (10-fold). However, none of the arsenicals induced MT in mouse primary hepatocyte cultures. Both MT-I and MT-II were coordinately induced by As(III), As(V), and MMAA. MT induction by As(III) was further characterized following sc administration of arsenite (85 mumol/kg). Hepatic MT induction peaked at 24 hr, and in addition to the liver, As(III) also increased MT in kidney, spleen, stomach, intestine, heart, and lung. MT-I mRNA increased 24-, 52-, and 11-fold at 3, 6, and 15 hr after As(III) administration. This induction profile is similar to that observed after Zn or Cd exposure. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cervical Spine Disorders: A Comparison of Three Types of Traction

A randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of three commonly employed forms of traction in the treatment of cervical spine disorders. One hundred consenting men and women with disorders of the cervical spine were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups, static traction, intermittent traction, manual traction, or no traction. All patients, regardless of group assignment, were seen twice weekly. The four groups were shown to be similar with regard to age, sex, diagnosis, chronicity, and prescores on the seven outcome measures. Although the entire cohort of neck patients, regardless of group assignment, improved significantly on all the outcome variables over the 6-week period, patients receiving intermittent traction performed significantly better than those assigned to the no traction group in terms of pain (P = 0.03), forward flexion (P = 0.01), right rotation (P = 0.004) and left rotation (P = 0.05).