Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mac attack: macrophages as key drivers of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma pathogenesis

lymphoma pathogenesis Chalid Assaf and Sam T. Hwang Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charit e, Charit e-Universit€atsmedizin Berlin, Berlin,Germany; Department of Dermatology, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento,CA, USA Correspondence: Chalid Assaf, MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, 47805 Krefeld, Germany, Tel. : 49-2151-322881, e-mail: chalid.assaf@helios-kliniken.de and Sam T. Hwang, MD, PHD, Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, 3301 C Suite #1300, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA, Tel. : (916) 734-6111, Fax: 916 451 7245, e-mail: sthwang@ucdavis.edu
The effect of asymmetric timeliness in the reporting of good and bad news on the properties of profitability: Evidence from Athens Stock Exchange

Purpose - Prior evidence suggests the existence of asymmetric timeliness in the reporting of good and bad news of firms that trade in the Athens Stock Exchange. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether these results are consistent with inferences related to persistence property of earnings for firms that trade in the Athens Stock Exchange. Design/methodology/approach - The research design employs both level regression specification and change regression specification and it is based on pool cross-sectional regressions. Empirical results after classifying observations are reported based on both the sign of prior period and current period firms' return, while a number of sensitivity tests are employed. Findings - According to prior evidence, bad news is recorded more timely than good news but in an unbiased and non-conservative way. This implies that earnings shocks of firms with bad news should present persistence. Results from an ex-ante perspective verify these arguments while results from an ex-post perspective do not. Originality/value - In contrast to other studies that report results that, in bad news periods, firms' earnings tend to present lower persistence than firms' earnings in good news periods, because managers conservatively report bad news, this paper focuses on a sample of firms that seems to report bad news in a timely way.
The Nature and Characteristics of Production Networks in East Asia: Evidences from Micro/Panel Data Analyses

Production networks in East Asia, particularly being extended by machinery industries, have presented unprecedented development with their significance in economies in the region, their geographical extension, and their sophistication in combining intra-firm and arm's length transactions. In particular, the fragmentation of production activities together with the formation of industrial agglomerations in developing countries is a novel phenomenon that would lead to an East Asian model of economic development. Starting from a brief review of our conceptual framework based on the fragmentation theory as well as an empirical overview with international trade statistics and others, the paper presents a survey on empirical evidences that have been established by previous micro-data analyses in East Asia and discusses a list of empirical issues that future studies should explore. Topics include (i) the selection of exporters and investors, (ii) organizational structure and spatial design of production networks, (iii) location choice, (iv) impacts of outward FDI on developed countries, and (v) learning and impacts of inward FDI on LDCs.
A Neural Circuitry Linking Insulin Resistance to Depressed Mood

Objective Insulin resistance (IR) confers risk for Type 2 diabetes and is associated with depressed mood. Neurons within the ventral striatum (VS) are sensitive to insulin levels and show altered function in the context of both IR and depression. Hence, VS may represent a critical component of a neural circuitry linking IR to depressed mood. Methods Ninety adults (aged 30–50 years) free from major psychiatric illnesses and diabetes participated. Fasting blood was sampled, and participants completed a set of questionnaires (including the Beck Depression Inventory–II). Participants also underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Seed-based connectivity analyses, centered on VS, were conducted to examine how resting-state interregional connectivity patterns covaried with IR and depressed mood. Results Higher levels of IR covaried with increased connective strength between the left VS and two regions: the insula and the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC). Moreover, aMCC-VS connectivity predicted depressed mood (b = 0.93, standard error = 0.36, Fchange(1,81) = 6.54, p = . 01). Finally, aMCC-VS connectivity was shown by Monte Carlo analysis to mediate the relationship between IR and depressed mood (a*b indirect effect = 0.16, confidence interval = 0.005–0.39, p = .03). Conclusions IR relates to changes in the functional connectivity between VS and aMCC. These changes in interregional communication partly account for the coupling of IR to depressed mood in otherwise healthy adults. These findings are relevant for understanding bidirectional associations between diabetes risk and depressed mood. Abbreviations ACC = anterior cingulate cortex aMCC = anterior midcingulate cortex BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory–II HOMA = homeostatic model assessment IR = insulin resistance T2D = Type 2 diabetes VS = ventral striatum
Indecision Theory: Weight of Evidence and Voting Behavior

In this paper, we show how to incorporate weight of evidence, or ambiguity, into a model of voting behavior. We do so in the context of the turnout decision of instrumentally rational voters who differ in their perception of the ambiguity of the candidates' policy positions. Ambiguity is reflected by the fact that the voter's beliefs are given by a set of probabilities, each of which represents in the voter's mind a different possible scenario. We show that a voter who is averse to ambiguity considers abstention strictly optimal when the candidates' policy positions are both ambiguous and they are "ambiguity complements. " Abstaining is preferred since it is tantamount to mixing the prospects embodied by the two candidates, thus enabling the voter to "hedge" the candidates' ambiguity. Copyright 2006 Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
Cross-validation under separate sampling: strong bias and how to correct it

MOTIVATION It is commonly assumed in pattern recognition that cross-validation error estimation is 'almost unbiased' as long as the number of folds is not too small. While this is true for random sampling, it is not true with separate sampling, where the populations are independently sampled, which is a common situation in bioinformatics. RESULTS We demonstrate, via analytical and numerical methods, that classical cross-validation can have strong bias under separate sampling, depending on the difference between the sampling ratios and the true population probabilities. We propose a new separate-sampling cross-validation error estimator, and prove that it satisfies an 'almost unbiased' theorem similar to that of random-sampling cross-validation. We present two case studies with previously published data, which show that the results can change drastically if the correct form of cross-validation is used. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The source code in C++, along with the Supplementary Materials, is available at: http://gsp.tamu. edu/Publications/supplementary/zollanvari13/.
Decimalization, Realized Volatility, and Market Microstructure Noise

This paper studies empirically the effect of decimalization on volatility and market microstructure noise. We apply several non-parametric estimators in order to accurately measure volatility and market microstructure noise variance before and after the final stage of decimalization which, on the NYSE, took place in January, 2001. We find that decimalization decreased observed volatility by decreasing noise variance and, consequently, increased the significance of the true signal especially in the trade price data for the high-activity stocks. In general, however, most of the found increase in the signal-to-noise ratio is explainable by confounding and random effects. We also find that although allowing for dependent noise can matter pointwisely, it does not appear to be critical in our case where the estimates are averaged over time and across stocks. For that same reason rare random jumps are not critical either. It is more important to choose a proper data type and prefilter the data carefully.
The Music Industry in the Digital Era: Toward New Contracts

Digital piracy, although negatively altering the recorded music market, has a positive impact on other segments of the music market, such as live music or ancillary goods, because it generates a positive externality benefiting those activities. Through a 2-player strategic game between a record company and an artist, this study shows that a renegotiation of music contracts could allow the internalizing of this positive externality, while being welfare-improving for both record companies and artists. This study also shows, however, that pervasive piracy is not desirable for an artist.
Radiographic examination of the facial, nasal and paranasal sinus regions of the horse. II. Radiological findings.

The radiographic findings in 167 horses subjected to radiography of the facial area, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are recorded. Cases were grouped according to clinical diagnosis and the common and disparate radiographic features between and within groups are discussed. Dental disease occurred most frequently and accounted for about 30 per cent of cases, most of which had periapical infection. This disorder presented as two distinct clinical entities in almost equal numbers affected teeth with roots rostral to the maxillary sinus usually produced facial swelling, whereas those with roots within the sinus were generally associated with nasal discharge as a result of secondary sinusitis. In the former group periapical changes could readily be identified on radiographs, but in the latter group affected teeth could be recognised with confidence in only about half the cases. Primary sinusitis was the commonest specific condition recorded and accounted for 32 cases, three of which were mycotic. Using lateral erect projections, comparison of the radiographic features of primary sinusitis and sinusitis secondary to dental disease showed some useful differentiating signs. In four ponies, rhinitis associated with sinusitis led to disruption of the intra-nasal structures but mycotic rhinitis, nasal ulceration and an intra-nasal foreign body produced no radiographic abnormalities. Sixteen cases of suture periostitis were recorded, with varying degrees of new bone formation, and of 13 animals presented for evaluation of trauma, pre-diagnosed fractures were demonstrated in 10 and complications due to sinusitis in three. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Consumption and Wealth in Australia

This paper examines the relationship between consumption and wealth in Australia. We find a steady-state relationship between non-durables consumption, labour income and aggregate household wealth for the period 1988-1999. We also find that changes in both non-financial and financial assets have significant but different short-run and long-run effects in dynamic consumption models. Finally, we place our results within the broader empirical literature and examine whether they are consistent with standard theories of consumption. Copyright 2003. The Economic Society of Australia.
The Effects of Immigration on US Wages and Rents: A General Equilibrium Approach

In this paper we document a strong positive correlation of immigration flows with changes in average wages and average house rents for native residents across U.S. states. Instrumental variables estimates reveal that the correlations are compatible with a causal interpretation from immigration to wages and rents of natives. Separating the effects of immigrants on natives of different schooling levels we find positive effects on the wages and rents of highly educated and small effects on the wages (negative) and rents (positive) of less educated. We propose a model where natives and immigrants of three different education levels interact in production in a central district and live in the surrounding region. In equilibrium the inflow of immigrants has a positive productive effect on natives due to complementarieties in production as well as a positive competition effect on rents. The model calibrated and simulated with U.S.-states data matches most of the estimated effects of immigrants on wages and rents of natives in the period 1990-2005. This validation suggests the proposed model as a useful tool to evaluate the impacts of alternative immigration scenarios on U.S. wages and rents.
The Journey Between Western and Indigenous Research Paradigms

This article is an account of the author’s journey as a White researcher preparing to do a community-based participatory action research study with Mi’kmaq men. In this article, a postcolonial approach is examined, interrogating the utility of this theoretical approach in research with Aboriginal people. Next, the foundations of an Indigenous worldview is identified, followed by a debate about the strengths and weaknesses of a critical social theory approach in light of an Indigenous worldview. Finally, lessons about an Indigenous research paradigm including the benefits of using a theoretical approach based on an Indigenous knowledge system are identified.
Treatment of Meningitis Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with Linezolid

ABSTRACT Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) can cause nosocomial meningitis in the presence of prosthetic devices. Vancomycin is the treatment of choice, but its penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid is poor, especially in cases without severe meningeal inflammation. We successfully used linezolid to treat a case of posttraumatic MRSE meningitis with a low-level inflammatory response. Therapeutic effectiveness was documented microbiologically and by the simultaneous measurement of linezolid levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.
Competitive balance versus competitive intensity before a match: is one of these two concepts more relevant in explaining attendance? The case of the French football Ligue 1 over the period 2008–2011

The aim of this article is to investigate the determinants of attendance at French football Ligue 1 matches over the period 2008–2011 with an emphasis on examining the effects of both competitive balance and intensity before a match. Competitive balance is measured by the point difference between the two teams concerned by a match in the championship. Competitive intensity is measured by the point difference for the home team in relation to ranks with sporting stakes. Results show that competitive balance has an insignificant impact whereas competitive intensity has a significantly positive impact. Implications are drawn.
THE EVOLUTION OF FITNESS

In every generation, the mean fitness of populations increases because of natural selection and decreases because of mutations and changes in the environment. The magnitudes of these effects can be measured in two ways: either directly, by comparing the fitnesses of selected and unselected populations, or indirectly, by measuring the additive variance of fitness and making use of the fundamental theorem of natural selection. The available data suggest that the amount by which natural selection increases mean fitness each generation (or degradation decreases mean fitness) will usually be between 0.1% and 30%; more tentatively, it is suggested that values will typically fall between 1% and 10%. These values can be used to set an upper limit of 5%–10% on the genetic advantage of mate choice.
Consumer Credit on American Indian Reservations

This paper provides the first encompassing quantitative picture of consumer credit in Indian Country. Drawing on a unique large-scale consumer credit database, we find that Equifax Risk Scores and the use of certain forms of credit, especially mortgages, are low on reservations. However, usage of other forms of credit on reservations is not always low. Moreover, the gaps in credit usage on versus off reservations differ significantly across states and can change notably over time. Among predictors of consumer credit outcomes, the percentage of American Indian residents is robustly negatively associated with favorable credit outcomes. Furthermore, once controlling for racial composition, the effect of an area's location vis-a-vis a reservation often becomes statistically insignificant. Other socio-economic variables are generally poor predictors of credit outcomes on reservations. State jurisdiction over legal matters is, at least on average, associated with favorable credit outcomes on reservations.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Asia

This article addresses four hypotheses: (a) that corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Asia is not homogeneous but varies among countries, (b) that the variation is explained by stages of development, (c) that globalization enhances the adoption of CSR in Asia, and (d) that national business systems structure the profile of multinational corporations’ CSR. These hypotheses are investigated through analysis of Web site reporting of 50 companies in seven Asian countries: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea, Singapore, and Thailand. The article concludes that CSR does vary considerably among Asian countries but that this variation is not explained by development but by factors in the respective national business systems. It also concludes that multinational companies are more likely to adopt CSR than those operating solely in their home country but that the profile of their CSR tends to reflect the profile of the country of operation rather than the country of origin.
Humeral insertion of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. New anatomical findings regarding the footprint of the rotator cuff. Surgical technique.

BACKGROUND It is generally believed that the supraspinatus is the most commonly involved tendon in rotator cuff tears. Clinically, however, atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle is frequently observed in patients with even small to medium-size rotator cuff tears. This fact cannot be fully explained by our current understanding of the anatomical insertions of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. The purpose of this study was to reinvestigate the humeral insertions of these tendons. METHODS The study included 113 shoulders from sixty-four cadavers. The humeral insertion areas of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus were investigated in ninety-seven specimens. In sixteen specimens, all muscular portions of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus were removed, leaving the tendinous portions intact, in order to define the specific characteristics of the tendinous portion of the muscles. Another twenty-six shoulders were used to obtain precise measurements of the footprints of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. RESULTS The supraspinatus had a long tendinous portion in the anterior half of the muscle, which always inserted into the anteriormost area of the highest impression on the greater tuberosity and which inserted into the superiormost area of the lesser tuberosity in 21% of the specimens. The footprint of the supraspinatus was triangular in shape, with an average maximum medial-to-lateral length of 6.9 mm and an average maximum anteroposterior width of 12.6 mm. The infraspinatus had a long tendinous portion in the superior half of the muscle, which curved anteriorly and extended to the anterolateral area of the highest impression of the greater tuberosity. The footprint of the infraspinatus was trapezoidal in shape, with an average maximum medial-to-lateral length of 10.2 mm and an average maximum anteroposterior width of 32.7 mm. CONCLUSIONS The footprint of the supraspinatus on the greater tuberosity is much smaller than previously believed, and this area of the greater tuberosity is actually occupied by a substantial amount of the infraspinatus.
Impact of banking regulation on risk and efficiency in Islamic banking

Purpose - This paper aims to examine whether bank regulation, supervision and monitoring enhance or impede technical efficiency and risk-taking behaviour of Islamic banks across the globe. Design/methodology/approach - Technical efficiency scores are calculated using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model while simultaneity between banks' supervision and regulation on risk and efficiency estimates are calculated using the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) approach. Findings - The author's results suggest that regulations and strict monitoring of banking operation, and higher supervisory power of the authorities, increase the technical efficiency for Islamic banks. The opposite effect is observed in the case of risk-taking behaviour of Islamic banks, with higher restrictions resulting in a reduction in risk taking of Islamic banks. Research limitations/implications - The Basel II & Basel III guidelines suggested that stricter regulations and supervision could hamper banking efficiency. The existence of a powerful supervisory body could also lead to the inefficiency of banks. The DEA scores from this paper suggest that this may not necessarily be the case, especially as Islamic banks appear to be technically efficient in stricter regulatory conditions. Originality/value - A message that emerges from this analysis is that there is a strong link between Islamic bank technical efficiency and risk-taking behaviour with the Central Bank regulatory and supervisory policies. It is also conclusive that the Islamic banking system works well within a stricter regulatory environment.
Impaired Spatial Learning and Hyperactivity in Developing Rats Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a frequent medical condition and is associated with cognitive impairments in adults and with hyperactivity and decreased school performance in children. In an adult rodent model, intermittent hypoxia (IH), such as occurs in OSA, is associated with neurodegenerative changes in the hippocampus and cortex and with spatial learning deficits. Because a unique developmental window of neural vulnerability to IH is present, we hypothesized that exposure to IH throughout the vulnerable ages would result in increased behavioral impairments in the juvenile rat. Rat pups were therefore exposed to either room air or IH beginning at postnatal (PN) d 10 until PN d 30. Learning and memory were assessed via a standard place-training version of the Morris water maze beginning at PN d 25. Locomotor activity was assessed on PN d 29 and 30. Pups exposed to IH displayed significant spatial learning impairments, and exposed male rats but not female rats displayed increased locomotor activity in the open field. Collectively, these findings indicate that exposure to IH at an age that corresponds to the peak incidence of OSA in children induces substantial learning impairment and gender-dependent behavioral hyperactivity in the juvenile rat. We postulate that this novel experimental model may allow for future exploration of mechanisms underlying the neurobehavioral deficits of children with OSA.