Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
One-Session Exposure Treatment for Social Anxiety With Specific Fear of Public Speaking

Objectives: This pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of one-session, exposure-based therapy, to treat social anxiety disorder (SAD) with specific fear of public speaking. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-posttest design with repeated measures-within-subject Analysis of Variance and paired sample t-tests was used to compare pretest, posttest and one month follow-up scores. Individuals (n = 32), from 18 to 51 years old, 75% women, participated in three hours of graduated exposure to group public speaking exercises followed by homework between post and follow-up. Results: Significant changes were found from pre- to posttest and pretest to follow-up for all measures. No differences were found from posttest to follow-up. Conclusions: Advantages of brief treatment for SAD, limitations of the study, and implications for practice and future research are discussed.
The New Americans: A Guide to Immigration since 1965 - Edited by Mary Waters and Reed Ueda

equally unsuccessful. In each case depicted, she shows how helpers often address their own needs and may be caught up in a set of moralizing discourses around trafficking and prostitution that keep them from valuing the women’s own choices and decisions. While such moralizing may benefit the helpers themselves, the overall aim of social inclusion for people who sell sex is not realized. In Agustín’s final chapter, “Partial Truths,” she summarizes her arguments. She concludes with the need to listen to “Others” and advises social helpers to “leave home. ” In this chapter, Agustín also acknowledges that the desires of the helpers, activists, or rescuers are as valid as any other’s. But, she asks that all those involved in such projects be ready to shed their own certainties, recognize their own desires, and accept Europe’s dynamic, changing diversity. While reasserting her own moral values and positioning, she seeks to engage both helpers and those at the margin. In the final chapter, the reader also learns that rather than its current title, Sex at the Margins , Agustín had intended for many years to call the volume Leaving Home for Sex . The change in title suggests her recognition of what she would like to see changed, while the title that she always intended might well be the subject for her next volume.
A Gate Level Model for CMOS Combinational Logic Circuits with Application to Fault Detection

A procedure to derive gate level equivalent circuits for CMOS combinational logic circuits is given. The procedure leads to a model containing AND, OR and NOT gates. Specifically it does not require memory elements as does an earlier model and also uses fewer gates. It is shown that tests for classical stuck-at-0 and stuck-at-1 faults in the equivalent circuit can be used to detect line stuck-at, stuck-open and stuck-on faults in the modeled CMOS circuit.
Phonological Development in Young Bilinguals: Clinical Implications

Abstract This article reviews recent research on bilingual phonological development and describes the nature of bilingual phonology, focusing on characteristics of cross-linguistic influence on bilingual phonological abilities. There is evidence of positive and negative transfer (acceleration and deceleration) on children's phonological abilities. Several methodological issues limit the ability to generalize findings from previous research to larger groups of bilingual children (e.g., small sample size, lack of consideration of age of acquisition of each language, and language abilities of the participants). Sources of heterogeneity in language development are presented and discussed. Phonological abilities are related to language abilities in bilingual first language learners of English and Spanish. Empirical evidence from research in our laboratory supports this claim. We discuss implications of research findings and limitations for future research and clinical practice. We provide specific recommendations for bilingual research and for clinical assessment of young bilingual children.
The Discourse Marker wa in Standard Arabic—A Syntactic and Semantic Analysis

Discourse markers are items (such as and, so, anyway, but, on the other hand, however) that link spans of discourse and signal various semantic and pragmatic relations. Thus, they play an important role in the cohesiveness, organization and interpretation of discourse. Arabic has a number of devices which play a pivotal role in the cohesion and coherence of written and spoken discourse such as wa, aw, lakin, am, fa, thuma, bal, la, etc. The present paper is limited in scope. It is an attempt to establish the constituency and identify the functions of the Arabic discourse connective device wa using resources of syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Such resources include descriptive and analytical diagnostic tools of constituency tests, structural ambiguity and semantic roles.
The Dynamic Effects of Forward Guidance Shocks

We examine the macroeconomic effects of forward guidance shocks at the zero lower bound. Empirically, we identify forward guidance shocks using unexpected changes in futures contracts around monetary policy announcements. We then embed these policy shocks in a vector autoregression to trace out their macroeconomic implications. Forward guidance shocks that lower expected future policy rates lead to moderate increases in economic activity and inflation. After examining forward guidance shocks in the data, we show that a standard model of nominal price rigidity can reproduce our empirical findings. To estimate our theoretical model, we generate a model-implied futures curve that closely links our model with the data. Our results suggest no disconnect between the empirical effects of forward guidance shocks around policy announcements and the predictions from a standard theoretical model.
Temperature Management in Stroke – an Unsolved, but Important Topic

Clinical data clearly show that elevated body temperature contributes to an unfavorable outcome after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Two promising therapeutic strategies arise from this observation: (1) treatment of fever aiming to sustain normothermia and (2) induced hypothermia, targeting core body temperatures below 36.5°C. A limited number of studies investigated antipyretic strategies after acute stroke and their results were rather disappointing in terms of clinical efficacy. For that reason, it remains unproven, whether sufficient fever treatment improves functional outcome. On the other hand, strong experimental evidence supports neuroprotective effects of induced hypothermia after stroke. Yet, clinical data on this topic remain preliminary and rely on a limited number of patients, mostly enrolled in nonrandomized trials. Therefore, induced hypothermia may be considered safe and feasible after ischemic stroke, but little can be said regarding efficacy. This review summarizes the data, both on fever treatment and induced hypothermia following stroke, starting with a synopsis of the most important experimental investigations, leading to the latest clinical trials. Given the promising data and the lack of successful acute neuroprotective therapies available thus far, suggestions are given for future investigation on both topics.
Notes on Learning to Compute and Computing to Learn

One key message in modern neuroscience is multimodality: the ability of uni-modal areas in the brain such as speech and vision to interact with each other and with hetero-modal areas, areas that are activated by two or more input modalities, to converge the outputs of the uni-modal systems for producing ‘higher cognitive’ behaviour. Such behaviour includes the ability to quantify, the ability to retrieve images when linguistic cues are provided and vice versa. Multi-net neural computing systems that can simulate such behaviour are reported. Multi-net systems comprise of modules that take unimodal input and one or more modules that facilitate cross-modal interaction through Hebbian connections. These systems have achieved a modicum of success.
Subjective Judgment and the Selection Interview: A Methodological Review

Research on the employment interview frequently involves various studies containing disparate methodological factors that mitigate definitive conclusions regarding interview effectiveness. Two characteristics frequently cited as pertinent to the employment interview are the applicant's gender and race. From that position, the purpose of this research was to review the empirical literature identifying those methodological factors relevant to gender/race effects in the interview. It is hoped that this summary will represent a meaningful compilation of the methodological considerations that often confuse interpretation concerning the effects of applicant gender and race on interview judgments.
Modeling the dynamic behavior of supercapacitors using impedance spectroscopy

This paper presents a new approach of modeling the dynamic behavior of supercapacitors using impedance spectroscopy. The new Matlab/Simulink model can be used in simulating the voltage response and energy efficiency, e.g. for automotive power systems. The model in the frequency domain, the parameter calculation as well as the inverse transformation into the time domain are discussed in detail. Furthermore, simulation results are compared with measured data obtained on a test bench.
State-Dependent Effects of Transcranial Oscillatory Currents on the Motor System: What You Think Matters

Imperceptible transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) changes the endogenous cortical oscillatory activity in a frequency-specific manner. In the human motor system, tACS coincident with the idling beta rhythm of the quiescent motor cortex increased the corticospinal output. We reasoned that changing the initial state of the brain (i.e., from quiescence to a motor imagery task that desynchronizes the local beta rhythm) might also change the susceptibility of the corticospinal system to resonance effects induced by beta-tACS. We tested this hypothesis by delivering tACS at different frequencies (theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) on the primary motor cortex at rest and during motor imagery. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were obtained by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the primary motor cortex with an online-navigated TMS–tACS setting. During motor imagery, the increase of corticospinal excitability was maximal with theta-tACS, likely reflecting a reinforcement of working memory processes required to mentally process and “execute” the cognitive task. As expected, the maximal MEPs increase with subjects at rest was instead obtained with beta-tACS, substantiating previous evidence. This dissociation provides new evidence of state and frequency dependency of tACS effects on the motor system and helps discern the functional role of different oscillatory frequencies of this brain region. These findings may be relevant for rehabilitative neuromodulatory interventions.
Parents’ perceptions of their children’s sedentary behaviour

Sedentary behaviour is complex, occurring in different contexts and influenced by numerous factors. One such context is the home environment where the family setting can determine the type and amount of sedentary behaviour that occurs. There is limited evidence examining sedentary behaviours within a family setting, specifically in children aged 2–11 years, and qualitative studies are particularly absent. The purpose of this study was to explore parents’ understanding of sedentary behaviour and parent’s perceived influence on their children’s sedentary behaviours at home using Granich and colleagues’ conceptual model as an analytical schema. Nineteen parents (4 M, 15F; mean age = 37.3 ± 4.4 years) and their children (15 M, 4F; mean age = 6.6 ± 3.7 years) participated in either face-to-face or telephone interviews. Concurrent deductive and inductive content analysis was used to identify overall themes and the researchers employed several methods of trustworthiness during the data analysis process. Two overall themes and seven second-order themes emerged from the interviews in relation to sedentary behaviours within the family setting. Findings indicated that parents, particularly mothers, are the gatekeepers to the amount and types of sedentary behaviours that children engage in at home. Role modelling, reinforcement, rules and restrictions influence the type of sedentary activities of children, particularly electronic media use, within the home. Interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour in children should adopt a whole-family approach to modify the existing strategies already enforced by parents to ensure effectiveness.
Enhanced salience and emotion recognition in Autism: a PET study.

OBJECTIVE This study examined neural activation of facial stimuli in autism when the salience of emotional cues was increased by prosodic information. METHOD Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured while eight high-functioning men with autism and eight men without autism performed an emotion-recognition task in which facial emotion stimuli were matched with prosodic voices and a baseline gender-recognition task. RESULTS Emotion processing in autistic subjects, compared to that in comparison subjects, resulted in lower rCBF in the inferior frontal and fusiform areas and higher rCBF in the right anterior temporal pole, the anterior cingulate, and the thalamus. CONCLUSIONS Even with the enhanced emotional salience of facial stimuli, adults with autism showed lower activity in the fusiform cortex and differed from the comparison subjects in activation of other brain regions. The authors suggested that the recognition of emotion by adults with autism is achieved through recruitment of brain regions concerned with allocation of attention, sensory gating, the referencing of perceptual knowledge, and categorization.
Risk Aversion and Embedding Bias

In Selten (1967) “Strategy Method,” the second mover in the game submits a complete strategy. This basic idea has been exported to nonstrategic experiments, where a participant reports a complete list of contingent decisions, one for each situation or state in a given sequence, out of which one and only one state, randomly selected, will be implemented. In general, the method raises the following concern. If S0 and S1 are two different sequences of states, and state s is in both S0 and S1, would the participant make the same decision in state s when confronted with S0 as when confronted with S1? If not, the experimental results are suspect of suffering from an “embedding bias. ” We check for embedding biases in elicitation methods of Charles Holt and Susan Laury (Laury and Holt, 2000, and Holt and Laury, 2002), and of the present authors (Bosch-Domenech and Silvestre, 1999, 2002, 2006a, b) by appropriately chosen replications of the original experiments. We find no evidence of embedding bias in our work. But in Holt and Laury’s method participants tend to switch earlier to the riskier option when later pairs of lotteries are eliminated from the sequence, suggesting the presence of some embedding bias.
Simultaneous decision making: An overview of theories and research results

The aim of this paper is to review empirical findings and explanations relevant to the issue when concurrent decisions are integrated and when they are not integrated. There are few directly related studies. Therefore, the review also covers related phenomena involving the effect of a prior outcome on subsequent decisions, sunk-cost effects, and escalation. An important question emerging from the literature review is the question why integration have been obtained in studies of effects of prior outcomes, sunk cost effects, and escalation, at the same time as this has not been the case with concurrent decisions? One reason may be the existence of mental accounting in these studies. Another is that choices are riskless. An idea for further research is to make subjects being able to think through all possible consequences in a concurrent decision problem. By explicitly illuminating the risk or uncertainty to the subjects, it may be possible to obtain integration in concurrent decisions.
Negative Expectancy in Motivation

Motivation has many roles in alcohol consumption and although motivation for recovery from alcohol problems is recognised as one of them, paradoxically the vast majority of research within the area of problem drinking continues to be directed towards motivation to drink. Whilst the contribution made by this approach is acknowledged, a more appropriate direction might he to enquire not “What makes people drink? ” but “What makes people stop drinking? ”The key to this approach is not the much-researched concept of positive expectancy but rather the hitherto neglected concept of negative expectancy. Evidence from spontaneous remission studies supporting the importance of negative expectancy in recovery is reviewed and the factors (primacy and contrast) are identified which appear to attenuate the translation of negative experiences into negative expectancies and, consequently, motivation for recovery. Finally, the implications for treatment and the need to develop methods of motivational assessment (negative e.
Acute intoxications: Differences in management between six Dutch hospitals

Abstract Context. Acute intoxications are frequently seen in Dutch hospitals. Based on single-centre studies and the fact that there are no clear guidelines, we hypothesised that hospital admission of acute intoxications may vary. Furthermore, decontamination treatment of poisonings may differ between hospitals, as earlier studies showed that adherence to international guidelines concerning decontamination may be poor. Objective. We aim to identify possible variations in Dutch hospital admission and decontamination treatment of patients with acute intoxications. Materials and methods. Data on acute intoxications was retrospectively collected from patient records from the emergency departments of six Dutch hospitals. All patients older than 14 years who presented between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2008 were included in the study. Results. The percentage of suicide attempts differed significantly between the hospitals (25–73%, p < 0.0001) as equally the percentage of intoxications with drugs of abuse (18–61%, p < 0.0001). Marked differences in admission rates were found (27–78%, p < 0.0001) and these differences remained even when intoxications because of suicide attempts and drugs of abuse were analysed separately (admission rate of 52–87%, p < 0.0001 and 8–71%, p < 0.0001 respectively). Reported consultation with the National Poisons Information Centre differed between hospitals (range 0% to 80–100%). No statistical differences were found between hospitals for the use of activated charcoal (16.1–42.5%, p = 0.037). Gastric lavage was used infrequently in all hospitals. (6.6–16.7%, p = 0.614). Discussion and conclusion. The admission rate of patients with an acute intoxication varies considerably, especially in the case of intoxications with drugs of abuse. Consultations with the National Poisons Information Centre differed between the six hospitals. Rates of decontamination did not vary, which may indicate adherence to guidelines by the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. National guidelines or admission algorithms may reduce variations in poisoning management and make the care for these patients more efficient.
Unburied versus buried wires for fixation of pediatric lateral condyle distal humeral fractures

Abstract Open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner (K) wires has been reported as an efficient and convenient technique for pediatric lateral condyle distal humeral fractures. However, no single study has been large enough to definitively determine whether the K-wires should be buried or unburied. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis pooling the results from several clinical trials to compare the outcome of using buried versus unburied K-wires. Potential academic articles were identified from the Cochrane Library, Medline (1966–2017.3), PubMed (1966–2017.3), Embase (1980–2017.3), ScienceDirect (1985–2017.3), and other databases. Gray studies were identified from the references of included literature reports. RevMan 5.1 was used to analyze the pooling of data. Nonrandomized controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. There was a significant difference in the duration of wires in situ (MD = −13.28, 95% confidence interval: −16.42 to −10.14, P < .00001). No significant differences were found regarding infection, superficial infection, total complications, delayed union, or reoperation. Unburied K-wire fixation for treatment of lateral condyle distal humeral fractures in children does not increase the total infection rate, superficial infection, reoperation rate, or complications. However, unburied K-wire fixation is of benefit for early extraction and impartial cost savings.
Les motifs d’entrée en formation des adultes en reprise d’études universitaires

Un nombre croissant d’adultes retourne a l’universite pour des motifs pluriels et souvent meconnus. La presente recherche vise a valider une adaptation de l’echelle descriptive des motifs d’engagement en formation developpee par Carre (2001), qui concernait des formations professionnelles mais pas universitaires. Pour ce faire, 300 adultes en reprise d’etudes a l’universite se sont exprimes par questionnaire quant a leurs motifs d’entree en formation. Une analyse factorielle exploratoire a revele certains motifs de la taxonomie de Carre. Dans l’ordre d’importance, il s’agit des motifs epistemiques, identitaires, vocationnels et operatoires professionnels. Cette structure est confirmee par un modele en equations structurales.
Supermarket Key Attributes and Location Decisions: A Comparative Study between British and Spanish Consumers

The Maximum Capture problem (MAXCAP) is a decision model that addresses the issue of location in a competitive environment. This paper presents a new approach to determine which store’s attributes (other than distance) should be included in the new Market Capture Models and how they ought to be reflected using the Multiplicative Competitive Interaction model. The methodology involves the design and development of a survey; and the application of factor analysis and ordinary least squares. The methodology has been applied to the supermarket sector in two different scenarios: Milton Keynes (Great Britain) and Barcelona (Spain).
Antecedents and consequences of consumers’ attitudinal dispositions toward cause-related marketing in Egypt

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the usage of ethical business strategies, in particular those using the corporate social responsibility (CSR) approach, of Egyptian businesses. The authors primarily focus on one facet of CSR strategy – cause-related marketing (CRM) – which has been increasingly used by marketing practitioners in recent times. Design/methodology/approach – In the context of Egyptian household goods business, the authors investigate the factors that motivate/hinder consumer participation in their CRM campaigns using a sample of 261 respondents in a mixed research design. Findings – Results show that motivational attribution significantly predicts consumers’ responses toward CRM, with moral judgment playing a partial mediating role in such relationship. In addition, several variables such as altruism and religiosity among personality characteristics are found to arouse consumers’ positive motivational attribution, whereas skepticism was negatively associated with CRM responses.