Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
APHIDS ALTER THE COMMUNITY‐WIDE IMPACT OF FIRE ANTS

Positive species interactions have the potential to strongly influence the structure and dynamics of ecological communities, yet surprisingly few studies have documented their general importance. We tested the hypothesis that the mutualistic association between fire ants and aphids enhances the impact of fire ants on the herbivorous and predaceous arthropod community of cotton. We found that the presence of aphids attracted foraging fire ants onto cotton plants. This shift from ground to foliar foraging resulted in more frequent interactions between fire ants and arthropods associated with cotton. The survival of herbivores (caterpillars) and predators (ladybird beetles and lacewings) was lower in the presence of fire ants and aphids compared with fire ants alone in greenhouse experiments. Similarly, fire ants and aphids deterred plant bugs from spending time on cotton foliage. Using large-scale field manipulations of fire ants along with naturally occurring aphid populations, we found that the ant–aphid .
A model-based approach to attributed graph clustering

Graph clustering, also known as community detection, is a long-standing problem in data mining. However, with the proliferation of rich attribute information available for objects in real-world graphs, how to leverage structural and attribute information for clustering attributed graphs becomes a new challenge. Most existing works take a distance-based approach. They proposed various distance measures to combine structural and attribute information. In this paper, we consider an alternative view and propose a model-based approach to attributed graph clustering. We develop a Bayesian probabilistic model for attributed graphs. The model provides a principled and natural framework for capturing both structural and attribute aspects of a graph, while avoiding the artificial design of a distance measure. Clustering with the proposed model can be transformed into a probabilistic inference problem, for which we devise an efficient variational algorithm. Experimental results on large real-world datasets demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-art distance-based attributed graph clustering method.
What Type of Motivation Is Truly Related to School Achievement? A Look at 1428 High-School Students.

This paper reports on research to examine the types of motivation related to school achievement. A total of 1428 students from an inner city high school in the Montreal (Quebec) area participated in the study, 714 males and 714 females. The students ranged in age from 12 to 18, and approximately 40 percent were minorities (Hispanic, Asian, Black). The study used the "Academic Motivation Scale" (AMS), a wasure of motivation toward education based on self-determinatic-:1 theory. "Amotivation" indicates that no link between action' :lila the ensuing outcomes is perceived; "intrinsic motivation" refers to being engaged in an activity for itself and for the pleasure and satisfaction derived from participation; "extrinsic motivation" pertains to behavior in which the goals of actions extend beyond those inherent to the activity itself. The results of the study demonstrated that academic motivation is significantly related to grade point average (GPA), and that motivation does not occur under the same conditions for boys and girls or for junior-high and senior-high students. Amotivation appeared to be a better predictor of school achievement for girls and junior-high students, while intrinsic motivation seemed to foretell school achievement for boys and senior high students. These data revealed that the relationship between GPA and motivation emerged differently for boys and girls, as for younger and older students. The data also indicated that amotivation was the type of motivation most significantly related to GPA for both boys and girls, across all levels of secondary schooling. The findings suggested that development of self-determined motivation in adolescent boys and girls should be an important goal for educators, and that further study of amotivation could lead to better understanding of adolescent academic motivation and perhaps help to identify at-risk students. (Contains 31 references.) (ND) WHAT TYPE OF MOTIVATION 13 TRULY RELATED TO SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT? A LOOK AT 1428 HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS Thierry P. Karsenti & Gilles Thibert University of Quebec at Montreal Presenting author: Thierry P. Karsenti University of Quebec Dept. of Education P. 0. Box 8888, station A Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3P8 CANADA
Patterns of free amino acids in growing and regressing tumors.

Summary 1.Determinations were made by two-dimensional paper chromatography of free amino acid patterns in tumor C1498 in both solid and ascites forms at various times after transplantation into C57BL/10-H-2 b mice, a strain in which the tumor grows progressively and kills the animals, and into C57BL/10-H-2 d mice, a subline which differs from the former by a single histocompatibility gene and in which the tumor grows initially and then regresses. 2.The amino acid patterns of the solid form of the tumor were virtually identical in both sublines for the first 8 days after transplantation. Subsequently, the patterns diverged, the tumors in the resistant strain showing a relative increase in free glutamic acid content together with the appearance of free glutamine, an amino acid not detected at any time on chromatograms of extracts from tumors grown in the susceptible subline. 3.Observations similar to those above were made with an ascites form of tumor C1498 grown in the two sublines of mice. Glutamine appeared in the cells and ascites fluid in the resistant strain but was not detectable in the fluid of the susceptible mice. Increases were noted in contents of several amino acids at later time-intervals of growth in the tumor cells in the resistant mice.
Mapping the Evolution of Scientific Fields

Despite the apparent cross-disciplinary interactions among scientific fields, a formal description of their evolution is lacking. Here we describe a novel approach to study the dynamics and evolution of scientific fields using a network-based analysis. We build an idea network consisting of American Physical Society Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS) numbers as nodes representing scientific concepts. Two PACS numbers are linked if there exist publications that reference them simultaneously. We locate scientific fields using a community finding algorithm, and describe the time evolution of these fields over the course of 1985–2006. The communities we identify map to known scientific fields, and their age depends on their size and activity. We expect our approach to quantifying the evolution of ideas to be relevant for making predictions about the future of science and thus help to guide its development.
Bullying and Cyberbullying in Adolescence and its relations with Life satisfaction, Loneliness, Depressive symptoms and Reputation

The present study investigated the relation between bullying, cyberbullying, life satisfaction, loneliness, depressive symptoms and reputation. Participants were 484 adolescents aged 11 to 17 years (55,2 % male) drawn from two public schools in Valencia (Spain). Statistical analyses were carried out to examine the relation between bullying and cyberbullying and life satisfaction, loneliness and depressive symptoms and to examine the presence of a mediator in these relationships. Results revealed that there is a significant negative correlation between bullying and life satisfaction and between cyberbullying and life satisfaction. The results also revealed that there is a significant positive correlation between bullying and loneliness and between bullying and depressive symptoms. Similar to bullying, a significant positive relation between cyberbullying and loneliness and between cyberbullying and depressive symptoms has been found. Furthermore, results revealed that the adolescent’s own idea about his or her reputation in the peer group is a partial mediator in the relation between bullying and loneliness. In the relation between cyberbullying and life satisfaction, loneliness and depressive symptoms and in the relation between bullying and life satisfaction and depressive symptoms, the adolescent’s own idea about his or her reputation was not found to be a mediator.
Delirium after Cardiac Surgery: A Pilot Study from a Single Tertiary Referral Center

Background: Advances in cardiac surgery has shifted paradigm of management to perioperative psychological illnesses. Delirium is a state of altered consciousness with easy distraction of thoughts. The pathophysiology of this complication is not clear, but identification of risk factors is important for positive postoperative outcomes. The goal of the present study was to prospectively identify the incidence, motoric subtypes, and risk factors associated with development of delirium in cardiac surgical patients admitted to postoperative cardiac intensive care, using a validated delirium monitoring instrument. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, observational study. This study included 120 patients of age 18-80 years, admitted to undergo cardiac surgery after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Specific preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data for possible risk factors were obtained. Once in a day, assessment of delirium was done. Continuous variables were measured as mean ± standard deviation, whereas categorical variables were described as proportions. Differences between groups were analyzed using Student′s t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, or Chi-square test. Variables with a P < 0.1 were then used to develop a predictive model using stepwise logistic regression with bootstrapping. Results: Delirium was seen in 17.5% patients. The majority of cases were of hypoactive delirium type (85.72%). Multiple risk factors were found to be associated with delirium, and when logistic regression with bootstrapping applied to these risk factors, five independent variables were detected. History of hypertension (relative risk [RR] =6.7857, P = 0.0003), carotid artery disease (RR = 4.5000, P < 0.0001) in the form of stroke or hemorrhage, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) use (RR = 5.0446, P < 0.0001), Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay more than 10 days (RR = 3.1630, P = 0.0021), and poor postoperative pain control (RR = 2.4958, P = 0.0063) was associated with postcardiac surgical delirium. Conclusions: Patients who developed delirium had systemic disease in the form of hypertension and cerebrovascular disease. Delirium was seen in patients who had higher postoperative pain scores, longer ICU stay, and NIV use. This study can be used to develop a predictive tool for diagnosing postcardiac surgical delirium.
Understanding the Sources and Impacts of Trust in E-Commerce: a Meta-Analysis

Trust plays a vital role in e-commerce to encourage desired transaction attitudes and behaviors from consumers. Research on trust in e-commerce has employed many different theoretical frameworks and tested a variety of variables, resulting in fragmented findings. This study attempts to synthesize previous empirical findings regarding antecedents and consequents of trust in e-commerce. A meta-analysis is conducted. 52 empirical studies have been identified, and 207 effect sizes are collected and meta-analyzed. Implications for future research are also discussed.
Authoring Intelligent Tutoring Systems: An analysis of the state of the art

This paper consists of an in-depth summary and analysis of the research and development state of the art for intelligent tutoring system (ITS) authoring systems. A seven-part categorization of two dozen authoring systems is given, followed by a characterization of the authoring tools and the types of ITSs that are built for each category. An overview of the knowledge acquisition and authoring techniques used in these systems is given. A characterization of the design tradeoffs involved in building an ITS authoring system is given. Next the pragmatic questions of real use, productivity findings, and evaluation are discussed. Finally, I summarize the major unknowns and bottlenecks to having widespread use of ITS authoring tools. (http://aied.inf.ed.ac.uk/members99/archive/vol_10/murray/full.html)
Emotional Reactions to Pain Predict Psychological Distress in Adult Patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)

Differentiating somatic from emotional influences on the experience of chronic pain has been of interest to clinicians and researchers for many years. Although prior research has not well specified these pathways at the anatomical level, some evidence, both theoretical and empirical, suggest that emotional reactions influence the experience of disease and non-disease-related pains. Other studies suggest that treatments directed at negative emotional responses reduce suffering associated with pain. The current study was conducted to explore the influence of emotional reactions to pain as a predictor of psychological distress in a sample of adult Blacks with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Using cross-sectional survey data, we evaluated whether negative emotional reactions to the experience of pain were predictive of psychological distress after controlling for the somatic dimension of pain and age in n = 67 Black patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Results showed that greater negative emotion associated with pain predicted Somatization (p < .01), Anxiety (p < .05), Phobic Anxiety (p < .05), and Psychoticism (p < .05). Increased negative emotion associated with pain was also predictive of the General Symptoms Index (p < .05) and the Positive Symptoms Total from the SCL-90-R (p < .01). We believe the current study demonstrates that negative emotional reactions to the experience of pain in adults with SCD are predictive of psychological distress above and beyond the influences of age and the direct nociceptive experience. We also believe these data to be valuable in conceptualizing the allocation of treatment resources toward a proactive approach with early identification of patients who are responding poorly for the purpose of potentially reducing later psychopathology. A deeper understanding of the ways that subpopulations cope with chronic disease-related pain may produce models that can be ultimately generalized to the consumers of the majority of healthcare resources.
Differentiations of transplanted mouse spermatogonial stem cells in the adult mouse renal parenchyma in vivo

AbstractAim:Spermatogonial stem cells can initiate the process of cellular differentiation to generate mature spermatozoa, but whether it possess the characteristic of pluripotency and plasticity, similar to embryonic stem cells, has not been elucidated. This study was designed to evaluate the differentiation potential of spermatogonial stem cells into renal cells in vivo.Methods:Neonatal mouse spermatogonial stem cells were transplanted into mature male mice lacking endogenous spermatogenesis. The restoration of fertility in recipient males was observed. Spermatogonial stem cells were then injected into renal parenchyma of mature female mice to make a new extracellular environment for differentiation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization technology (FISH) was used to detect the expression of chromosome Y in recipient renal tissues. To determine the type of cells differentiated from spermatogonial stem cells, the expression of ricinus communis agglutinin, vimentin, CD45, and F4/80 proteins were examined in the renal tissues by immunohistochemistry.Results:The proliferation of seminiferous epithelial cells was distinctly observed in seminiferous tubules of transplanted testes, whereas no regeneration of spermatogenesis was observed in non-transplanted control testes. In transplanted female renal tissues, FISH showed a much stronger immuno-fluorescence signal of chromosome Y in the nucleolus of epithelial cells of the renal tubule and podocytes of the glomerulus.Conclusion:The spermatogonial stem cells were successfully purified from mouse testicles. This finding demonstrated that spermatogonial stem cells could not only restore damaged spermatogenesis, but were also capable of differentiating into mature renal parenchyma cells in vivo.
NodIO: A Framework and Architecture for Pool-based Evolutionary Computation

JavaScript is an interpreted language mainly known for its inclusion in web browsers, making them a container for rich Internet based applications. This has inspired its use, for a long time, as a tool for evolutionary algorithms, mainly so in browser-based volunteer computing environments. Several libraries have also been published so far and are in use. However, the last years have seen a resurgence of interest in the language, becoming one of the most popular and thus spawning the improvement of its implementations, which are now the foundation of many new client-server applications. We present such an application for running distributed volunteer-based evolutionary algorithm experiments, and we make a series of measurements to establish the speed of JavaScript in evolutionary algorithms that can serve as a baseline for comparison with other distributed computing experiments. These experiments use different integer and floating point problems, and prove that the speed of JavaScript is actually competitive with other languages commonly used by the evolutionary algorithm practitioner.
The neuronal response at extended timescales: long-term correlations without long-term memory

Long term temporal correlations frequently appear at many levels of neural activity. We show that when such correlations appear in isolated neurons, they indicate the existence of slow underlying processes and lead to explicit conditions on the dynamics of these processes. Moreover, although these slow processes can potentially store information for long times, we demonstrate that this does not imply that the neuron possesses a long memory of its input, even if these processes are bidirectionally coupled with neuronal response. We derive these results for a broad class of biophysical neuron models, and then fit a specific model to recent experiments. The model reproduces the experimental results, exhibiting long term (days-long) correlations due to the interaction between slow variables and internal fluctuations. However, its memory of the input decays on a timescale of minutes. We suggest experiments to test these predictions directly.
2Q: A Low Overhead High Performance Buffer Management Replacement Algorithm

In a path-breaking paper last year Pat and Betty O’Neil and Gerhard Weikum pro posed a self-tuning improvement to the Least Recently Used (LRU) buffer management algorithm[l5]. Their improvement is called LRU/k and advocates giving priority to buffer pages baaed on the kth most recent access. (The standard LRU algorithm is denoted LRU/l according to this terminology.) If Pl’s kth most recent access is more more recent than P2’s, then Pl will be replaced after P2. Intuitively, LRU/k for k > 1 is a good strategy, because it gives low priority to pages that have been scanned or to pages that belong to a big randomly accessed file (e.g., the account file in TPC/A). They found that LRU/S achieves most of the advantage of their method. The one problem of LRU/S is the processor
University of Huddersfield Repository Epigenetic modification of the renin-angiotensin system in the fetal programming of hypertension

—Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Lifelong environmental factors (eg, salt intake, obesity, alcohol) and genetic factors clearly contribute to the development of hypertension, but it has also been established that stress in utero may program the later development of the disease. This phenomenon, known as fetal programming can be modeled in a range of experimental animal models. In maternal low protein diet rat models of programming, administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists in early life can prevent development of hypertension, thus implicating the renin-angiotensin system in this process. Here we show that in this model, expression of the AT 1b angiotensin receptor gene in the adrenal gland is upregulated by the first week of life resulting in increased receptor protein expression consistent with the increased adrenal angiotensin responsiveness observed by others. Furthermore, we show that the proximal promoter of the AT 1b gene in the adrenal is significantly undermethylated, and that in vitro, AT 1b gene expression is highly dependent on promoter methylation. These data suggest a link between fetal insults to epigenetic modification of genes and the resultant alteration of gene expression in adult life leading ultimately to the development of hypertension. It seems highly probable that similar influences may be involved in the development of human hypertension. ( Circ Res . 2007;100:520-526.) (Promega). The promoter was methylated in vitro with 10 U of Sss I or Hha1 (NEB) according to the manufacturers instructions. Controls included a mock methylated construct. 150 ng of each plasmid were then cotransfected with 20 ng of the pRL-CMV Renilla control vector (Promega) into mouse Y1 cells. After 24 hours cell lysates were prepared and luciferase activity was measured using the Dual-Luciferase reporter assay (Promega) and a Wallac Victor 2 1420 Multilabel counter (Perkin Elmer, Finland). Reporter activity was calculated by normalizing the reporter luciferase value to that of the Renilla control vector. Site-directed mutagenesis of C residues at CpG sites 1 to 3 in the modified AT 1b promoter (positions 277 to 1454 from Genbank U01033) was performed using the QuickChange Site-directed mutagenesis protocol (Stratagene) according to to the manufacturer’s instructions. Mutations were confirmed by DNA sequencing.
The Management of Developmental Stuttering: Child Psychiatrists' Perspectives

5 OZET: Geliflimsel kekemelie tedavi yaklafl›mlar›: Cocuk psikiyatristlerinin bak›fl ac›lar› Amac: Kekemelik, genellikle konuflman›n ak›fl›nda aksama- lar›n olduu bir iletiflim bozukluudur. Geliflimsel kekeme- liin nedenlerine yonelik bircok kuram ileri surulmesine karfl›n, yeterince ac›klama getirilememifltir. Geliflimsel ke- kemeliin kesin tedavisi yoktur, tedavi yaklafl›mlar›n›n co- ¤u konuflma ak›c›l›¤›ndaki duzensizliklerin azalt›lmas›na yard›mc› olmaya yoneliktir. Geliflimsel kekemeliin tedavi- sine yonelik profesyonellerin yaklafl›m ve tutumlar›nda fikir birlii yoktur. Bu cal›flmada, geliflimsel kekemelie yonelik tedavi yaklafl›mlar› hakk›ndaki ulkemizdeki cocuk psikiyat- risi uzmanlar›n›n gorufllerinin araflt›r›lmas› amaclanm›flt›r. Yontem: Veriler 38 cocuk psikiyatri uzman›na, cok sece- nekli sorular ve varsay›msal cercevede vaka senaryosu ice- ren anket uygulanarak elde edilmifltir. Verilere tan›mlay›c› analiz uygulanm›flt›r. Bulgular: Cocuk psikiyatristlerinin %43.3'u okul oncesi do- nemde geliflimsel kekemelie mudahale edilmemesi goru- flundeydi. %65.7'i en az›ndan bafllang›cta "bekle ve gor" stratejisini tercih ediyordu. Cocuk psikiyatristlerinin buyuk bir k›sm›, birincil olarak anne-baban›n hedeflendii dolayl› mudahale lehinde gorufl bildirdi. Sedatif antihistaminikler ve secici serotonin geri al›m inhibitorleri s›k olarak tercih edilen ilk secenek ilaclard› (s›ras›yla %36.8 ve %34.2). Rispe- ridon ise %15.8 oran›nda ilk secenek olarak tercih ediliyor- du. Cocuk psikiyatristlerin cou, ak›c› konuflmay› destekle- yici ayg›tlara aflina deillerdi ve alternatif t›p yaklafl›mlar›- n›n etkisiz olduklar› goruflundeydiler. Tart›flma: Geliflimsel kekemeliin tedavi yaklafl›mlar›na yo- nelik cocuk psikiyatristlerinin goruflleri heterojen tablo ser- gilemektedir. Turkiye'deki cocuk psikiyatristleri daha kon- servatif tedavi yaklafl›mlar›n› tercih etmektedir. Geliflimsel kekemeliin tedavisinde cocuk psikiyatristlerinin konuflma terapistleri ile youn iflbirlii onemlidir.