Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Small-Volume 7.5% NaCl Adenosine, Lidocaine, and Mg2+ Has Multiple Benefits During Hypotensive and Blood Resuscitation in the Pig Following Severe Blood Loss: Rat to Pig Translation

Objectives:Currently, there is no effective small-volume fluid for traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Our objective was to translate small-volume 7.5% NaCl adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg2+ hypotensive fluid resuscitation from the rat to the pig. Design:Pigs (35–40 kg) were anesthetized and bled to mean arterial pressure of 35–40 mm Hg for 90 minutes, followed by 60 minutes of hypotensive resuscitation and infusion of shed blood. Data were collected continuously. Setting:University hospital laboratory. Subjects:Female farm-bred pigs. InterventionsPigs were randomly assigned to a single IV bolus of 4 mL/kg 7.5% NaCl + adenosine, lidocaine and Mg+2 (n = 8) or 4 mL/kg 7.5% NaCl (n = 8) at hypotensive resuscitation and 0.9% NaCl ± adenosine and lidocaine at infusion of shed blood. Measurements and Main Results:At 60 minutes of hypotensive resuscitation, treatment with 7.5% NaCl + adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg2+ generated significantly higher mean arterial pressure (48 mm Hg [95% CI, 44–52] vs 33 mm Hg [95% CI, 30–36], p < 0.0001), cardiac index (76 mL/min/kg [95% CI, 63–91] vs 47 mL/min/kg [95% CI, 39–57], p = 0.002), and oxygen delivery (7.6 mL O2/min/kg [95% CI, 6.4–9.0] vs 5.2 mL O2/min/kg [95% CI, 4.4–6.2], p = 0.003) when compared with controls. Pigs that received adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg2+/adenosine and lidocaine also had significantly lower blood lactate (7.1 mM [95% CI, 5.7–8.9] vs 11.3 mM [95% CI, 9.0–14.1], p = 0.004), core body temperature (39.3°C [95% CI, 39.0–39.5] vs 39.7°C [95% CI, 39.4–39.9]), and higher base excess (–5.9 mEq/L [95% CI, –8.0 to –3.8] vs –11.2 mEq/L [95% CI, –13.4 to –9.1]). One control died from cardiovascular collapse. Higher cardiac index in the adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg2+/adenosine and lidocaine group was due to a two-fold increase in stroke volume. Left ventricular systolic ejection times were significantly higher and inversely related to heart rate in the adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg2+/adenosine and lidocaine group. Thirty minutes after blood return, whole-body oxygen consumption decreased in pigs that received adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg2+/adenosine and lidocaine (5.7 mL O2/min/kg [95% CI, 4.7–6.8] to 4.9 mL O2/min/kg [95% CI, 4.2–5.8]), whereas it increased in controls (4.2 mL O2/min/kg [95% CI, 3.5–5.0] to 5.8 mL O2/min/kg [95% CI, 4.9–5.8], p = 0.02). After 180 minutes, pigs in the adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg2+/adenosine and lidocaine group had three-fold higher urinary output (2.1 mL//kg/hr [95% CI, 1.2–3.8] vs 0.7 mL//kg/hr [95% CI, 0.4–1.2], p = 0.001) and lower plasma creatinine levels. Conclusion:Small-volume resuscitation with 7.5% NaCl + adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg2+/adenosine and lidocaine provided superior cardiovascular, acid-base, metabolic, and renal recoveries following severe hemorrhagic shock in the pig compared with 7.5% NaCl alone.
Evolution of the vertebrate Hox homeobox genes

One of the most remarkable recent findings in developmental biology has been the colinear and homologous relationships shared between the Drosophila HOM‐C and vertebrate Hox homeobox gene complexes. These relationships pose the question of the functional significance of colinearity and its molecular basis. While there was much initial resistance to the validity of this comparison, it now appears the Hox/HOM homology reflects a broad degree of evolutionary conservation which has reawakened interest in comparative embryology and evolution.
Left Ventricular End‐Diastolic Pressure Volume Relationships with Experimental Acute Global Ischemia

The mechanism of elevation of left ventricular enddiastolic pressure during acute global ischemia was evaluated by examination of the relative contributions of a decrease in contractility and an alteration of the pressure-volume relationship. The external circumference (mercury-in-silastic gauge) pressure relationship, as an index of the pressure-volume relationship, was studied in beta adrenergic and ganglionic blocked, open chest dogs on right heart bypass at constant heart rate and aortic pressure. Ischemia of one and two hours' duration was produced by reducing total coronary blood flow in cannulated left and right coronary arteries until left ventricular end-diastolic pressure rose significantly. At a constant stroke work, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure rose from 5.0 ± 0.5 to 15.0 ± 0.5 cm H20 in the experiments of one hour of ischemia, and from 7.0 ± 1.0 to 17.0 ± 1.0 cm H20 in experiments of two hours of ischemia. Ischemia was followed by one hour of restoration of coronary blood flow. Ischemia produced a marked depression of ventricular function: stroke work, considered at a left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of 15 cm H2O, decreased from 21.0 ± 3.0 to 3.5 ± 0.5 gm-m, and from 15.0 ± 2.0 to 2.5 ± 0.5 gm-m, in the experiments of one and two hours, respectively. Neither ischemia nor reflow changed the pressure-volume relationship. Thus, the elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure during ischemia in an otherwise normal canine myocardium is due to a decrease in systolic performance of the heart rather than to an alteration of the pressure-volume relationship.
EFFECT OF LULC CHANGE ON SURFACE RUNOFF IN URBANIZATION AREA

I n recent decades, urbanization has become a significant urban environmental and ecological concern, especially in most developing countries. In China, rapid urban sprawl has had a profound influence on runoff and results in larger and more frequent incidents of flooding in many urban areas. Therefore, evaluating the impacts of urbanization on runoff is of great important for urban planning policy makers and water/land resource management. The objective of this paper is to present a case study to derive land use/land cover (LULC) maps and further to investigate the long-term effects of LULC change on surface runoff in the fast urbanizing Beijing city. The LULC maps were derived from Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery (acquired in 1986, 1992, 1999, 2006, and 2009 respectively) using support vector machine (SVM) method. A Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) model was applied to assess the impacts of LULC change on surface runoff. Results indicated that the selected study area experienced rapid urbanization from 1986 to 2009. Urban areas increased from 4.18% in 1986 to 12.78% in 2009 in the whole area. Our results also indicated that the long-term surface runoff increased 25% in the whole area from 1986 to 2009, and the runoff increase was highly correlated with urban expansion ( R 2 = 0.91). This research can provide a simple m ethod for policy makers to assess potential hydrological impacts of future planning and development activities.
The Basis in Ontogeny of Language Ability

Social ability seems to play a major role in the ontogeny of language. Human babies are already sensitive to adults' eye gaze, and follow it at an early age. At the first year of life, they begin to redirect the adults' attention and actively establish joint attention with caregivers and other important adults. They then use the established joint attention to guess meanings of words they hear. Later, children further show socio-pragmatic ability at a higher level to guess word meanings. They still use joint attention but they may not depend upon joint attention in some situations. Flow-of-conversation and guessing others' internal conditions can also give important cues for language development.
Redes de pesquisadores da área de administração: um estudo exploratório

The aim of this work is to identify the existing relations in network among researchers that have participated in the ENANPAD of 1999. The specific purpose is to identify network parameters used as instruments of research productivity, and to evaluate these parameters for the formation of informal researchers groups. This paper may be classified as an exploratory research. The instrument was a questionnaire sent by e-mail in order to get the perception of the researchers in January and February 1999. A total of 74 answers obtained represented 27% of the foreseen population. The data point out the following consideration, among others: there is little participation in research network, despite the common and systematic use of internet as a working instrument; the main restrictions were identified as cultural and behavioral. The network relations perform important results in research productivity. The networks are small and the relations are mainly professional and social, and the participation has been identified as an important instrument of learning about research behavior, method and content.
The Influence of Student Sex and Instructor Sex on Student Ratings of Instructors: Results from a College of Communication

It is important to determine if student ratings of instructors reflect systematic bias due to sex of instructor. We posed research questions as to whether male and female students would rate male or female instructors more highly on five dimensions of student rating forms, one of which was instructor interaction. Results indicated that male and female students rated female instructors more highly on all five dimensions. The effect sizes of these results were extremely small, but significant due to the large sample size (almost 12,000). These findings suggest that administrators should not assume one sex to provide better or poorer instruction, and they should reward instructors on the basis of individual course performance rather than according to instructor sex.
School Psychologists' Consideration of Hispanic Cultural Issues During Consultation

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to assess anonymously the perceptions of school psychologists toward the consideration of cultural issues in the delivery of school consultation services to Hispanics. The study is based on a mail-survey of 1000 members of the National Association of School Psychology (NASP), with a return rate of 36% (30% usable). Overall, the respondents perceived Hispanic cultural issues as being very important in consultation, and expressed a desire for more training. Differences between the perceptions of the Hispanic and non-Hispanic respondents, and preferred foci of future training, are described. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Effects of Boron-Based Gel on Radiation-Induced Dermatitis in Breast Cancer: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

ABSTRACT Aim: This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of boron on radiation-induced skin reactions (RISR) in breast cancer patients. Material and methods: After 47 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma underwent radiotherapy, 23 (49%) received a boron-based gel, and 24 (51%) received placebo. Assessments were performed according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) skin scale and a Five-Point Horizontal Scale (FPHS). Results: At the end of the fifth week of radiotherapy, the RTOG scores in the boron group were significantly lower than those in the placebo group (p = .024). The FPHS score was higher in the placebo group than in the boron group, and this difference was not statistically significant (p = .079). Conclusion: Using the RTOG scoring system, we revealed that the application of a boron-based gel diminished RISR. The mechanism of action is unclear but may be related to antioxidant, wound healing, and thermal degradation effects of boron.
Angular Phenozaxine Ethers as Potent Multi-microbial Targets Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Studies

The reaction of diaza-5H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one and 5H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one with various phenols catalyzed by Pd/t-BuXPhos/K3PO4 system gave previously unknown ether derivatives (7a–f and 8a–f) in good yields. UV-visible, FTIR, and 1H NMR data were used to confirm structures of the synthesized compounds. The parent compounds and the derivatives were screened in-silico for their drug-likeness and binding affinities to the microbial targets through molecular docking. Molinspiration software and AutoDock were used for the drug-likeness and docking studies, respectively. All the synthesized compounds showed strong drug-likeness. They also showed excellent binding affinities with glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (2VF5), AmpC beta-lactamase (1KE4), and Lanosterol-14α-demethylase (3JUV), with compound 7e having the highest binding energies −9.5, −9.3, and −9.3 kcal/mol, respectively. These were found to be higher than the binding energies of the standard drugs. The binding energies of ciprofloxacin with 2VF5 and 1KE4 were −7.8 and −7.5 kcal/mol, respectively, while that of ketoconazole with 3JUV was −8.6 kcal/mol. The study showed that the synthesized compounds have multi-target inhibitory effects and can be very useful in multi-drug resistance cases. A 2D quantitative structural activity relationship (QSAR) model against target Glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (2VF5) was developed using partial least squares regression (PLS) with good internal prediction (R2 = 0.7400) and external prediction (R2_ predicted = 0.5475) via Molecular Operating Environment (2014).
Understanding the September 11 terrorist attack on America: the role of intergroup theories of normative influence

The present article analyzes the September 11 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in terms of current theories of normative influence in intergroup conflict. The (conflicting) implications of various social psychological models of decision making for Western and American attempts to reduce the likelihood of further attacks are delineated. We examine the implications of social identity models and models of outgroup normative influence, as well as dynamic models of intergroup behavior that focus on the polarizing effects of outgroup hostility. The influence of Western responses is distinguished for various target audiences, including not only the terrorists, but also pro-Western Muslims in North America and Europe, unaligned Muslims, and Muslims with anti-American feelings who do not endorse terrorism.
How Much Do Import Price Shocks Matter for Consumer Prices?

New Zealand and Australia have recently had large import price increases on the back of currency depreciations. Despite these large import price shocks, consumer prices have not risen as strongly as would be suggested by previously accepted relationships. The recent prolonged period of general US dollar strength has also raised the profile of exchange rate and import price pass-through in a number of other countries.
Thymic Overexpression of CD40 Ligand Disrupts Normal Thymic Epithelial Organization

We characterized the distribution of CD40 and CD40 ligand (CD40-L) in the adult and developing murine thymus. Before birth, CD40 was almost exclusively localized to scattered foci of medullary cells. By birth there was a dramatic upregulation of CD40 expression by cortical epithelial cells, which was accompanied by a consolidation of medullary epithelial foci. CD40-L+ thymocytes displayed a medullary location. Analysis of mice deficient in CD40-L expression indicated that CD40-L/CD40 interactions were not required for development of the medullary compartment. Overexpression of CD40-L targeted to thymocytes altered thymic architecture, as reflected by a dramatic loss of cortical epithelial cells, expansion of the medullary compartment, and extensive infiltration of the capsule with a mixture of CD3+ cells, B-cells, and macrophages/dendritic cells. Reconstitution of lethally irradiated normal mice with lck CD40-L bone marrow cells also resulted in loss of cortical epithelium and expansion of the medullary compartment. Disruption of the normal pattern of thymic architecture and epithelial differentiation as a consequence of increased intrathymic levels of CD40-L expression points to a role for CD40-L/CD40 interactions in the normal pattern of epithelial compartmentalization/differentiation within the thymic environment.
l-Ribose Production from l-Arabinose by Using Purified l-Arabinose Isomerase and Mannose-6-Phosphate Isomerase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans

ABSTRACT Two enzymes, l-arabinose isomerase and mannose-6-phosphate isomerase, from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans produced 118 g/liter l-ribose from 500 g/liter l-arabinose at pH 7.0, 70°C, and 1 mM Co2+ for 3 h, with a conversion yield of 23.6% and a volumetric productivity of 39.3 g liter−1 h−1.
Modulation of Macrophage Responses by CMX, a Fusion Protein Composed of Ag85c, MPT51, and HspX from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis (TB). Due to the poor protection conferred by BCG in adults, new, more effective formulations have been developed. A recombinant BCG vaccine expressing the CMX fusion protein Ag85c_MPT51_HspX (rBCG-CMX) induced Th1 and Th17 responses and provided better protection than BCG. It has been shown that Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing CMX also induces better protection than BCG and is a strong macrophage activator. The aim of the present study was to evaluate macrophage activation by the recombinant CMX fusion protein and by rBCG-CMX and to evaluate their ability to generate vaccine-specific immune responses. The results demonstrate that rCMX protein expressed by BCG (rBCG-CMX) activates pulmonary macrophages; increases the expression of activation molecules, cytokines, and MHC-II. The interaction with rCMX activates the transcription factor NF-κB and induces the production of the cytokines TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-6. The in vitro stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from TLR-4 or TLR-2 KO mice showed that in the absence of TLR-4, IL-6 was not produced. rBCG-CMX was unable to induce CMX-specific Th1 and Th17 cells in TLR-4 and TLR-2 KO mice, suggesting that these receptors participate in their induction. We concluded that both the rBCG-CMX vaccine and the rCMX protein can activate macrophages and favor the specific immune response necessary for this vaccine.
Randomized controlled trial of annual zoledronic acid to prevent gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-induced bone loss in men with prostate cancer.

PURPOSE Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists decrease bone mineral density (BMD) and increase fracture risk in men with prostate cancer. Annual zoledronic acid increases BMD in postmenopausal women, but its efficacy in hypogonadal men is not known. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a 12-month study, 40 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer who were receiving a GnRH agonist and had T scores more than -2.5 were randomly assigned to zoledronic acid (4 mg intravenously on day 1 only) or placebo. BMD of the posteroanterior lumbar spine and proximal femur were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Mean (+/- SE) BMD of the posteroanterior lumbar spine decreased by 3.1% +/- 1.0% in men assigned to placebo and increased by 4.0% +/- 1.0% in men assigned to zoledronic acid (P < .001). BMD of the total hip decreased by 1.9% +/- 0.7% in men assigned to placebo and increased by 0.7% +/- 0.5% in men assigned to zoledronic acid (P = .004). Similar between-group differences were observed for the femoral neck and trochanter. Serum N-telopeptide, a marker of osteoclast activity, decreased significantly after zoledronic acid treatment. CONCLUSION In men receiving a GnRH agonist, a single treatment with zoledronic acid significantly increased BMD and durably suppressed serum N-telopeptide levels for 12 months. Annual zoledronic acid may be a convenient and effective strategy to prevent bone loss in hypogonadal men.
The Effects of Interruptions on Task Performance, Annoyance, and Anxiety in the User Interface

: When an automating application needs a user’s input or has feedback or other information for that user, it typically engages the user immediately, interrupting the user’s current task. To empirically validate why unnecessarily interrupting a user’s task should be avoided, we designed an experiment measuring the effects of an interruption on a user’s task performance, annoyance, and anxiety. Fifty subjects participated in the experiment. The results demonstrate that an interruption has a disruptive effect on both a user’s task performance and emotional state, and that the degree of disruption depends on the user’s mental load at the point of interruption. We discuss the implications of these results in terms of building a system to better coordinate interactions between the user and applications competing for that user’s attention.
Comparing Projections and Outcomes of IMF-Supported Programs

Abstract"Program numbers" from a sample of IMF-supported programs are studied as if they were forecasts, through statistical analyses of the relationship between projections and outcomes for growth, inflation, and three balance of payments concepts. Statistical bias is found only for projections of inflation and official reserves. Statistical efficiency can be rejected for all variables except growth, suggesting that some program projections were less accurate than they might have been. Nevertheless, most projections are found to have some predictive value. Since several findings are shown to be sample dependent, the full-sample results should be interpreted cautiously.
Antioxidant response and oxidative damage induced by a swimming session: Influence of gender

Abstract In this study, we examined oxidative stress after a swimming session, the responses of the antioxidant defences, and the influence of gender on these responses. Fifteen boys and eight girls participated voluntarily in the study. Plasma concentrations of 17-β-estradiol, vitamin E, retinol, carotenes, ascorbate, malondialdehyde, and the carbonyl index were determined. Creatine kinase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities, as well as glucose, urea, urate, cholesterol, and triglycerides, were determined in serum. Plasma concentrations of 17-β-estradiol were higher in girls than in boys. Exercise increased plasma ascorbate both in boys and in girls. Malondialdehyde increased in boys but was maintained in girls after exercise. Creatine kinase values corrected for lean body mass were similar in boys and girls at baseline, but the post-exercise values in boys were higher than in girls. A positive correlation was observed in boys, but not in girls, between plasma malondialdehyde and creatine kinase corrected concentrations. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between the increase in circulating neutrophils and in creatine kinase activity in girls but not in boys. In conclusion, a swimming session induced higher muscular and oxidative damage in boys than in girls.