Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risperidone treatment of children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders: a preliminary report.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this trial was to investigate the short-term safety and efficacy of risperidone in the treatment of chronic tic disorders in children and adolescents. METHOD This was an 11-week open-label trial and included seven subjects (five boys and two girls) with a mean age of 12.9 +/- 1.9 years. The sample included five patients with Tourette's syndrome and two with chronic motor tic disorder. The children were seen at baseline and for two follow-up visits. Three children had a comorbid diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). RESULTS Clinical response, as measured by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale and the Children's version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, revealed a statistically significant reduction in tic scores ranging from 26% [corrected] to 66%. One of three children with comorbid OCD showed substantial improvement; the other two subjects showed no change. The most frequent side effect was weight gain, which ranged from 8 to 14 lb. CONCLUSIONS Risperidone, a neuroleptic with both serotonin- and dopamine-blocking properties, appears to be effective in reducing tic frequency and intensity in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders.
Friction from vision: A study of algorithmic and human performance with consequences for robot perception and teleoperation

Friction estimation from vision is an important problem for robot locomotion through contact. The problem is challenging due to its dependence on many factors such as material, surface conditions and contact area. In this paper we 1) conduct an analysis of image features that correlate with humans' friction judgements; and 2) compare algorithmic to human performance at the task of predicting the coefficient of friction between different surfaces and a robot's foot. The analysis is based on two new datasets which we make publicly available. One is annotated with human judgements of friction, illumination, material and texture; the other is annotated with static coefficient of friction (COF) of a robot's foot and human judgements of friction. We propose and evaluate visual friction prediction methods based on image features, material class and text mining. And finally, we make conclusions regarding the robustness to COF uncertainty which is necessary by control and planning algorithms; the low performance of humans at the task when compared to simple predictors based on material label; and the promising use of text mining to estimate friction from vision.
Systemic autoimmune disease induced by dendritic cells that have captured necrotic but not apoptotic cells in susceptible mouse strains

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder of a largely unknown etiology. Anti‐double‐stranded (ds) DNA antibodies are a classic hallmark of the disease, although the mechanism underlying their induction remains unclear. We demonstrate here that, in both lupus‐prone and normal mouse strains, strong anti‐dsDNA antibody responses can be induced by dendritic cells (DC) that have ingested syngeneic necrotic (DC/nec), but not apoptotic (DC/apo), cells. Clinical manifestations of lupus were evident, however, only in susceptible mouse strains, which correlate with the ability of DC/nec to release IFN‐γ and to induce the pathogenic IgG2a anti‐dsDNA antibodies. Injection of DC/nec not only accelerated disease progression in the MRL/MpJ‐lpr/lpr lupus‐prone mice but also induced a lupus‐like disease in the MRL/MpJ‐+/+ wild‐type control strain. Immune complex deposition was readily detectable in the kidneys, and the mice developed proteinuria. Strikingly, female MRL/MpJ‐+/+ mice that had received DC/nec, but not DC/apo, developed a ‘butterfly’ facial lesion resembling a cardinal feature of human SLE. Our study therefore demonstrates that DC/nec inducing a Th1 type of responses, which are otherwise tightly regulated in a normal immune system, may play a pivotal role in SLE pathogenesis.
Interaction in two journalistic genres: a study of interactional metadiscourse

The study of interactive features of language has been a very productive source of insights into written discourse in recent years, revealing the ways that writers engage with readers to successfully persuade them of a particular viewpoint in a range of different genres and contexts. While a variety of approaches have illuminated our understanding of these features, the concept of interactional metadiscourse has been particularly valuable in revealing how writers project themselves into their discourse to signal their understandings of their material and their audience. In this paper we draw on Hyland’s (2005a) model of metadiscourse to explore some of the ways that interaction contributes to the success of two journalistic genres: popular science and opinion articles. Examining 200 popular science and 200 opinion texts, we show that despite the broadly similar audience and sources of these genres, authors structure their interactions very differently, contributing to the rhetorical distinctiveness of these genres. The paper not only offers a detailed account of interactional metadiscourse in these genres, but illustrates how interpersonal connections are accomplished for particular persuasive purposes in everyday public texts.
Depression and the melancholic temperament

We examine how depression relates to two broad affective dispositions which we call ‘Negative Temperament’ and ‘Positive Temperament’. Depressed individuals characteristically display a particular combination of these traits (high Negative/low Positive Temperament), which also defines the traditional ‘melancholic’ type. Other evidence, however, suggests that this pattern is not unique to depression, but may also characterize other types of disorder: high Negative Temperament, in particular, appears to be nonsignificantly associated with distress‐based psychopathology. Finally, we review data indicating that the etiology of these relations is highly complex. Specifically, it appears that (i) temperament influences the development and course of depression; (ii) depressive episodes can lead to significant changes in temperament, some of which may be permanent; and (iii) temperament and depression may reflect, in part, a common genetic diathesis.
Explaining discrepant findings for performance -approach goals: The role of emotion regulation during test-taking

EXPLAINING DISCREPANT FINDINGS FOR PERFORMANCE-APPROACH GOALS: THE ROLE OF EMOTION REGULATION DURING TEST TAKING Diana F. Tyson Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University Date:_____________________ Approved: ___________________________ Nancy E. Hill, Ph.D., Committee Chair __________________________ Harris Cooper, Ph.D. __________________________ Lisa Linnenbrink-Garcia, Ph.D. __________________________ James Y. Shah, Ph.D. __________________________ Lorraine C. Taylor, Ph.D. An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience in the Graduate School of Duke University
Presidential Coattails and Open Seats

Recent examinations of the coattail effect report conflicting evidence regarding the contemporary force of presidential coattails. This study contends that the failure to consider possible situational variance in coattail voting has contributed to this ambiguity. Interpreted from the perspective of cognitive theories of decision making, coattail voting can be seen as the behavioral consequence of citizens' reliance on a specific cognitive efficiency mechanism, heuristic processing of source cues. This interpretation suggests that coattail voting should be most prominent when House voters are relatively unfamiliar with the congressional nominees, or do not possess alternative voting cues. District-level aggregate data are examined for the 1976-1988 elections, and results support hypotheses suggested by the heuristic model. Specifically, the impact of presidential coattails on congressional margins is shown to vary substantially, with the coattail effect exhibiting the greatest prominence in open-seat congressional districts.
Simulation of triggered activity and abnormal automaticity in ventricular myocytes

The goal of this work is to theoretically study the effect of cellular coupling on generation of triggered activity and abnormal automaticity in cardiac ventricular myocytes. We have used a computer model of the ventricular action potential in a system of two cells coupled by a resistance R. With [Ca]/sub i/=0.5 /spl mu/M, the spontaneous activity varies from two action potentials followed by three DADs at R=10 M/spl Omega/ to eight action potentials for complete uncoupling. Under early afterdepolarization (EAD) conditions, EADs appear on the AP plateau for complete uncoupling thus provoking lengthening. When the value of R is decreased, the APD becomes substantially shortened. However, at a value of R for which the action potential is propagated a prolongation of APD is again produced. Therefore, the coupling resistance may affect triggered activity and abnormal automaticity formation.
Teachers' knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy, and implementation of early childhood learning standards in science and math in prekindergarten and kindergarten

Teacher self-efficacy and teacher beliefs play salient roles in science and math education with in-service teachers. This study seeks to understand the relationship between teacher knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy about science and math education in prekindergarten and kindergarten classrooms. The Prekindergarten and Kindergarten Science and Math Standards and Self-Efficacy Surveys were created to measure teacher knowledge of curriculum standards, beliefs of teaching skills, level of self-efficacy, and frequency of activities in classrooms for science and math, respectively. The self-report surveys were completed by 53 prekindergarten and 30 kindergarten teachers to examine the relationship that their knowledge of science and math standards, beliefs of science and math teaching skills, and level of science and math self-efficacy have on the frequency of science and math activities conducted in their classrooms. Beliefs of science and math teaching skills were related significantly to the reported frequency of science and math activities in prekindergarten and for science activities in kindergarten. Years of teaching prekindergarten was associated significantly with increased science and math activities. Teacher education was not associated with frequency of science or math activities. Findings revealed the more prekindergarten teachers enjoyed their science classes and math workshops the more they reported conducting science and math activities in the classroom. Both prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers reported that the less they enjoyed their previous math classes, the more time they spent on math activities in their classrooms. Results from this study have implications for professional development regarding science and math pedagogy and content knowledge.
Be Fruitful and Multiply: Religious Denomination as Instrumental Variable in Estimates of the Family Size Effect

Endogeneity resulting from fertility choice inevitably complicates ordinary least squares estimates of the effect of family size on child achievement. Previous studies have addressed this concern by instrumenting with twinning or older-sibling sex composition. These instruments have been criticized for the large sample size required by the former and the possible endogeneity of both. This paper proposes religious denomination (Catholicism, in particular) as an alternative instrument. Using data from the British National Child Development Study, I estimate the effect of family size in cognitive test scores, emotional development measures, and earnings. While ordinary least squares estimates show a quality-quantity trade-off in all three measures of achievement, instrumental variables estimates indicate either zero or positive effects of additional siblings. By contrast, birth order does not consistently affect child achievement.
GRAMMAR ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING INSTRUCTION: SECONDARY AND CUMULATIVE EFFECTS . Alessandro G. Benati and James F. Lee. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, 2008. Pp. xvi + 211.

steadily, appears to have remained trapped in the comparative fallacy—an approach to learner language that relies almost exclusively on notions of transfer and underuse or overuse and on contrastive models such as CIA and ICM. This volume will be of interest mostly to researchers interested in advanced learner writing; more sifting and interpretation of the fi ndings seems necessary before the implications of the research in these chapters can be fruitfully accessed by language teachers.
A ‘Global Eye’ for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: A Critical Policy Analysis of the OECD's AHELO Study

This article provides an overview and critical policy analysis of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's (OECD) international Assessment of Higher Education Learning Outcomes (AHELO) project which is currently under way. It briefly describes the purpose, components and participants of the AHELO project. Informed by a critical policy analysis framework, it provides a critical analysis of AHELO texts. Based on the review of AHELO texts, it argues that the OECD is constructing a global policy space for teaching and learning grounded in neo-liberal values.
Use of i.v. immune globulin and occurrence of associated acute renal failure and thrombosis.

PURPOSE The use trends of i.v. immune globulin (IGIV) and the frequency of acute renal failure (ARF) and thrombosis at one institution were studied. METHODS A retrospective chart review on the indications and dosages of IGIV was conducted with inpatients and outpatients at a Veterans Affairs medical center between May 1, 1998, and June 30, 2003. Patients under 18 years of age were excluded from the study. Patient data were obtained through the center's computerized patient record system and included patient demographics, comorbidities, frequency of ARF, concomitant therapies, and IGIV therapy courses. ARF was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of >/=0.5 mg/dL within 10 days from the initiation of IGIV therapy. RESULTS Forty-six patients were identified as receiving at least one cycle of IGIV therapy between May 1, 1998, and June 30, 2003. The three main indications for IGIV therapy were hypogammaglobulinemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). No new cases of thrombosis were found. Six patients (13%) developed ARF after IGIV administration, but none required dialysis. A greater percentage of patients with ARF were 65 years or older, had chronic renal insufficiency or diabetes mellitus, and used nephrotoxic agents, compared with patients who did not develop ARF. No association was observed between ARF and underlying primary disease. CONCLUSION A retrospective review of 46 courses of IGIV therapy showed that the therapy was most often used for hematologic, neurologic, and immunologic indications, and the most common diagnoses for which it was used were hypogammaglobulinemia, ITP, and CIDP. ARF developed in 13% of patients, but no case of thrombosis was reported.
Bayesian Inference on Order‐Constrained Parameters in Generalized Linear Models

Summary In biomedical studies, there is often interest in assessing the association between one or more ordered categorical predictors and an outcome variable, adjusting for covariates. For a k‐level predictor, one typically uses either a k − 1 degree of freedom (df) test or a single df trend test, which requires scores for the different levels of the predictor. In the absence of knowledge of a parametric form for the response function, one can incorporate monotonicity constraints to improve the efficiency of tests of association. This article proposes a general Bayesian approach for inference on order‐constrained parameters in generalized linear models. Instead of choosing a prior distribution with support on the constrained space, which can result in major computational difficulties, we propose to map draws from an unconstrained posterior density using an isotonic regression transformation. This approach allows flat regions over which increases in the level of a predictor have no effect. Bayes factors for assessing ordered trends can be computed based on the output from a Gibbs sampling algorithm. Results from a simulation study are presented and the approach is applied to data from a time‐to‐pregnancy study.
High-Sensitivity Low-Noise Miniature Fluxgate Magnetometers Using a Flip Chip Conceptual Design

This paper presents a novel class of miniature fluxgate magnetometers fabricated on a print circuit board (PCB) substrate and electrically connected to each other similar to the current “flip chip” concept in semiconductor package. This sensor is soldered together by reversely flipping a 5 cm × 3 cm PCB substrate to the other identical one which includes dual magnetic cores, planar pick-up coils, and 3-D excitation coils constructed by planar Cu interconnections patterned on PCB substrates. Principles and analysis of the fluxgate sensor are introduced first, and followed by FEA electromagnetic modeling and simulation for the proposed sensor. Comprehensive characteristic experiments of the miniature fluxgate device exhibit favorable results in terms of sensitivity (or “responsivity” for magnetometers) and field noise spectrum. The sensor is driven and characterized by employing the improved second-harmonic detection technique that enables linear V-B correlation and responsivity verification. In addition, the double magnitude of responsivity measured under very low frequency (1 Hz) magnetic fields is experimentally demonstrated. As a result, the maximum responsivity of 593 V/T occurs at 50 kHz of excitation frequency with the second harmonic wave of excitation; however, the minimum magnetic field noise is found to be 0.05 nT/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz under the same excitation. In comparison with other miniature planar fluxgates published to date, the fluxgate magnetic sensor with flip chip configuration offers advances in both device functionality and fabrication simplicity. More importantly, the novel design can be further extended to a silicon-based micro-fluxgate chip manufactured by emerging CMOS-MEMS technologies, thus enriching its potential range of applications in modern engineering and the consumer electronics market.
Oviducal gland microstructure of Raja miraletus and Dipturus oxyrinchus (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae)

We studied the morphology and histology of the oviducal gland (OG) in the brown ray (Raja miraletus) and the long‐nosed skate (Dipturus oxyrinchus) to understand its functional role in the reproductive strategy of these species. The external morphology of the gland was similar in both species, with lateral extensions like those found in other members of the Rajidae. Microscopic analysis showed a similar internal organization in both species. Immature and developing glands did not react to histochemical techniques. On reaching maturity, the OG had the largest width due to an increase in the production of secretory materials. In both species, the club zone of the gland showed a strong reaction to Periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) stains, indicating production of neutral and sulfated acid mucins. The secretory material produced by the papillary zone varied greatly between the two species. Both displayed tubular glands similar to those observed in the club zone, but in D. oxyrinchus the region near the lumen was intensely PAS+, whereas the last row of tubules of the brown ray stained intensely for a mixture of neutral and sulfated mucins. The baffle zone was the most conspicuous and extensive segment of all OGs, and it did not react to PAS/AB. The terminal zone, which is responsible for production of hair filaments, differed between the two species in terms of composition and organization of serous and mucous glands. This difference probably is related to the different substrates in which they release the egg capsules. Individual sperm detected in the brown ray baffle lamellae could be the result of a recent mating, whereas their presence in the deep recesses of the baffle and in the terminal zone of the long‐nosed skate might indicate sperm storage. J. Morphol. 276:1392–1403, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anode Geometry Effects on Ion Beam Energy Performance in Helicon Electrostatic Thruster

The ion beam energy performance in a helicon electrostatic thruster with various anode geometries was investigated. For discharge voltages from 100 to 300 V, the ion beam energy increased almost linearly with the discharge voltage. The rate of increase strongly depended on the anode inner diameter (ID). However, the ion beam energy was fit to a single linear function of the total input power irrespective of the anode ID. The effect of an insulation cover set on the side wall of the anode depended on the anode ID; while with the anode ID being equaled to that of the helicon source tube, i.e., 27 mm, the ion beam energy was decreased by about 30%, with the anode ID of 40 mm the electrostatic acceleration became negligible. Under typical operation conditions, the ion beam energy had a flat-hat profile with a diverging angle of 47°; the specific impulse, thrust efficiency, and propellant utilization efficiency evaluated from probe survey measurements were 2000 s, 9.7%, and 98%, respectively.
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Dependency of Bond Strength on Tg of Yarn Impregnating Polymer

In this paper, a method for the evaluation of the influence of different polymer suspensions and environmental conditions on adhesion between an impregnated carbon fibre heavy tow and concrete for reinforcement will be proposed. For this purpose, the impregnation material itself was investigated as a polymer film before and after incubation in water and aqueous suspensions, such as NaOH and a cementitious solution, in terms of its thermal properties, swelling behaviour and morphology. Thin polymer films were manufactured and subsequently investigated with quantification of the swelling for 28 d by thermal and scanning electron microscope analysis. The effect of pull-out shear stress was evaluated to investigate parameters such as high temperature and moisture on adhesion to concrete. Contact angle measurements were used to determine the surface energy of the polymer films. All incubated polymer films yielded a change in both surface morphology and specific residues on the polymer film surface, e.g. in the form of calcium carbonate, but no change in glass-transition temperature. A high correlation between glass-transition temperature and measured shear stress was shown during single yarn pull-out tests. Furthermore, the water treatment of pull-out samples strengthened the influence for the glass-transition temperature during the adhesion test. No influence of the surface energy of the used polymer impregnation for carbon fibres on the pull-out test was detected.
The psychology of group decision making in collection development

Abstract Significant collection development decisions are increasingly made in a group context. Despite this trend, surprisingly little research can be found in the library literature that addresses the psychological and psychosocial aspects of group interaction and their relation to the decision making process. In contrast, the field of psychology contains numerous studies of the role of group interaction in the decision making process. This article examines the psychological research on group decision making and explores how group psychology influences decision making and what the implications might be for collection development.