Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Wireless Energy and Information Transfer in Interference Channel

This paper studies the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in a multiuser wireless system, in which distributed transmitters send independent messages to their respective receivers, and at the same time cooperatively transmit wireless power to the receivers via energy beamforming. Accordingly, from the wireless information transmission (WIT) perspective, the system of interest can be modeled as the classic interference channel, while it also can be regarded as a distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system for collaborative wireless energy transmission (WET). To enable both information decoding (ID) and energy harvesting (EH) in SWIPT, we adopt the low-complexity time switching operation at each receiver to switch between the ID and EH modes over scheduled time. For the hybrid system, we aim to characterize the achievable rate-energy (R-E) trade-offs by various transmitter-side collaboration schemes. Specifically, to facilitate the collaborative energy beamforming, we propose a new signal splitting scheme at the transmitters, where each transmit signal is generally split into an information signal and an energy signal for WIT and WET, respectively. With this new scheme, first, we study the two-user SWIPT system over the fading channel and derive the optimal mode switching rule at the receivers as well as the corresponding transmit signal optimization to achieve various R-E trade-offs. We also compare the R-E performance of our proposed scheme with transmit energy beamforming and signal splitting against two existing schemes with partial or no cooperation of the transmitters. Next, the general case of SWIPT systems with more than two users is studied, for which we propose a practical transmit collaboration scheme by extending the result for the two-user case: we group users into different pairs and apply the cooperation schemes obtained in the two-user case to each paired group. Furthermore, we present a benchmarking scheme based on joint cooperation of all the transmitters inspired by the principle of interference alignment, against which the performance of the proposed scheme is compared.
Financial Constraints and Product Market Competition: Ex-Ante vs. Ex-Post Incentives

This paper analyzes the interaction of financing and output market decisions in a duopoly in which one firm is financially constrained and can borrow funds to finance production costs. Two ideas have been separately analyzed in previous work: Some authors argue that debt strategically affects a firm’s output market decisions, typically making it more aggressive; others argue that the threat of bankruptcy makes debt financing costly, typically making a firm less aggressive. Our model integrates both ideas; moreover, unlike most previous work, we derive debt as an optimal contract. Compared with a situation in which both firms are unconstrained, the constrained firm produces less, while its unconstrained rival produces more; prices are higher for both firms. Both firms’ outputs depend on the constrained firm’s internal funds; the relationship is U-shaped for the constrained firm and inversely U-shaped for its unconstrained rival. The unconstrained rival has a higher market share, not because of predation but because of the cost disadvantage of the financially constrained firm. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The molecular biogeography of the Indo‐Pacific: Testing hypotheses with multispecies genetic patterns

Aim: To test hypothesized biogeographic partitions of the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean with phylogeographic data from 56 taxa, and to evaluate the strength and nature of barriers emerging from this test. Location: The Indo-Pacific Ocean. Time period: Pliocene through the Holocene. Major taxa studied: Fifty-six marine species. Methods: We tested eight biogeographic hypotheses for partitioning of the Indo-Pacific using a novel modification to analysis of molecular variance. Putative barriers to gene flow emerging from this analysis were evaluated for pairwise ΦST, and these ΦST distributions were compared to distributions from randomized datasets and simple coalescent simulations of vicariance arising from the Last Glacial Maximum. We then weighed the relative contribution of distance versus environmental or geographic barriers to pairwise ΦST with a distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA). Results: We observed a diversity of outcomes, although the majority of species fit a few broad biogeographic regions. Repeated coalescent simulation of a simple vicariance model yielded a wide distribution of pairwise ΦST that was very similar to empirical distributions observed across five putative barriers to gene flow. Three of these barriers had median ΦST that were significantly larger than random expectation. Only 21 of 52 species analysed with dbRDA rejected the null model. Among these, 15 had overwater distance as a significant predictor of pairwise ΦST, while 11 were significant for geographic or environmental barriers other than distance. Main conclusions: Although there is support for three previously described barriers, phylogeographic discordance in the Indo-Pacific Ocean indicates incongruity between processes shaping the distributions of diversity at the species and population levels. Among the many possible causes of this incongruity, genetic drift provides the most compelling explanation: given massive effective population sizes of Indo-Pacific species, even hard vicariance for tens of thousands of years can yield ΦSTvalues that range from 0 to nearly 0.5.
Density Profiles of Collisionless Equilibria. I. Spherical Isotropic Systems

We investigate the connection between collisionless equilibria and the phase-space relation between density ρ and velocity dispersion σ found in simulations of dark matter halo formation, F = ρ/σ3 ∝ r-α. Understanding this relation will shed light on the physics relevant to collisionless collapse and on the subsequent structures formed. We show that empirical density profiles that provide good fits to N-body halos also happen to have nearly scale-free ρ/σ3 distributions when in equilibrium. We have also done a preliminary investigation of variables other than r that may match or supersede the correlation with F. In the same vein, we show that ρ/σm, where m = 3, is the most appropriate combination to use in discussions of the power-law relationship. Since the mechanical equilibrium condition that characterizes the final systems does not by itself lead to power-law F distributions, our findings prompt us to posit that dynamical collapse processes (such as violent relaxation) are responsible for the radial power-law nature of the ρ/σ3 distributions of virialized systems.
Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience Integrative Neuroscience

where a i is the activity of an individual neuron and w i is a weight corresponding to its preferred saccade vector. In this scheme, the votes are tallied as a proportion of the total activity. The site receiving the greatest proportional vote dictates the output, but the absolute level of activity at that site does not matter. Under this algorithm, only the site and not the strength of stimulation would affect the amplitude of the evoked saccade. In contrast, if a weight sum saccade vector is calculated, the total quantity of votes is important: Output i i = ∑ w a (2) With no normalization for the overall level of activity, saccade amplitude should scale not only with stimulation location but also with stimulation strength. Recruiting more neurons or driving them more vigorously would increase the number of votes and thus the length of the desired saccade vector. The dependence of saccade endpoint on stimulation parameters up to a certain number of stimulation pulses, as observed by Stanford et al. (1996) can be accounted for by a mechanism that calculates a weighted sum until a certain amount of activity has occurred, after which additional activity is ignored (Groh, 2001; see also Goossens and Van Opstal, 2006 for a detailed model). Variations in the level of activity in the SC associated with a given movement do not just occur through variations in the strength of electrical stimulation, but occur naturally with changes in the
Segregación residencial y estigmatización territorial. Representaciones y prácticas de los habitantes de territorios segregados

The different urban actors and social practices that take place in cities, materialized in different forms of production of habitat, contribute to the configuration of the representations built regarding the types of existing territories and its residents. Among those representations are the territorial stigmas, which operate as distinctive signs and of social differentiation among social groups. Given this framework, we conduct a comparative analysis of two segregated territories, whose origins have been differential: (1) A neighborhood of social housing produced by the state, inaugurated in 2004, and (2) a settlement developed through a land grab organized by a group of families in 2013. We identify the common and divergent aspects in relation to how they experience the neighborhood and the city on a daily basis, as a process that enables them to grasp the position they occupy in the social and urban space.
Managerial capacity and digital government in the States: examining the link between self-efficacy and perceived impacts of IT in public organizations

This paper examines the linkage between the self-efficacy of public managers to employ information technology (IT) and managerial perceptions of IT effects on the operations of public organizations. A conceptual model posits that computer self-efficacy is influenced by several factors such as organizational support, IT usage within the organization, and experiential knowledge. Furthermore, computer self-efficacy simultaneously affects managerial perceptions of IT impacts on organizational processes. Data from a national study of state program managers is employed to test five hypotheses regarding computer self-efficacy. Two stage least squares is then used to estimate the effect of computer self-efficacy on perceptions of IT impacts. Results indicate that the level of computer self-efficacy is influenced by the availability of IT training and the extent of IT usage within the organization. Computer self-efficacy is also shown to be associated with more positive perceptions of IT effects within public organizations.
Opinion control in complex networks

In many political elections, the electorate appears to be a composite of partisan and independent voters. Given that partisans are not likely to convert to a different party, an important goal for a political party could be to mobilize independent voters toward the party with the help of strong leadership, mass media, partisans, and the effects of peer-to-peer influence. Based on the exact solution of classical voter model dynamics in the presence of perfectly partisan voters (i.e., zealots), we propose a computational method that uses pinning control strategy to maximize the share of a party in a social network of independent voters. The party, corresponding to the controller or zealots, optimizes the nodes to be controlled given the information about the connectivity of independent voters and the set of nodes that the opposing party controls. We show that controlling hubs is generally a good strategy, but the optimized strategy is even better. The superiority of the optimized strategy is particularly eminent when the independent voters are connected as directed (rather than undirected) networks.
Sources of wage growth and returns to tenure in Italy

This paper estimates the returns to experience and job tenure using a simultaneous equation model that accounts for the potential endogeneity of seniority in the wage determination process. It uses panel data for Italian workers’ histories based on social security records, for the years 1985-1999. This dataset has not been used for this research purpose to this date. The hypothesis of exogeneity of seniority can be tested and is rejected due to endogeneity of the match eect. The rst two years on the job are associated with a two percent yearly wage increase. Eects of seniority are very small afterwards. The paper also discusses some implications of these results.
Synthesis Human-caused Disturbance Stimuli as a Form of Predation Risk

A growing number of studies quantify the impact of nonlethal human disturbance on the behavior and reproductive success of animals. Athough many are well designed and analytically sophisticated, most lack a theoretical framework for making predictions and for understanding why particular responses occur. Behavioral ecologists have recently begun to fill this theoretical vacuum by applying economic models of antipredator behavior to disturbance studies. In this emerging paradigm, predation and nonlethal disturbance stimuli create similar trade-offs between avoiding perceived risk and other fitness-enhancing activities, such as feeding, parental care, or mating. A vast literature supports the hypothesis that antipredator behavior has a cost to other activities, and that this trade-off is optimized when investment in antipredator behavior tracks short-term changes in predation risk. Prey have evolved antipredator responses to generalized threatening stimuli, such as loud noises and rapidly approaching objects. Thus, when encountering disturbance stimuli ranging from the dramatic, low- flying helicopter to the quiet wildlife photographer, animal responses are likely to follow the same economic principles used by prey encountering predators. Some authors have argued that, similar to predation risk, disturbance stimuli can indirectly affect fitness and population dynamics via the energetic and lost opportunity costs of risk avoidance. We elaborate on this argument by discussing why, from an evolutionary perspective, disturbance stimuli should be analogous to predation risk. We then consider disturbance effects on the behavior of individuals—vigilance, fleeing, habitat selection, mating displays, and parental investment—as well as indirect effects on populations and communities. A wider application of predation risk theory to disturbance studies should increase the generality of predictions and make mitigation more effective without over-regulating human activities.
The natural history of aneurysmal coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the contribution of coronary artery ectasia, either isolated or in association with obstructive coronary artery disease, to morbidity and mortality from ischaemic heart disease. DESIGN: A retrospective study of patients undergoing coronary arteriography at a tertiary cardiac centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The epidemiological, clinical, arteriographic, and follow up characteristics of three groups of patients were examined: group A, 172 patients with coronary artery ectasia and coexisting significant coronary artery disease; group B, 31 patients with coronary artery ectasia only; group C, 165 patients with significant coronary artery disease but without ectasia, matched for sex and age with group A. RESULTS: Group A patients had a similar incidence of a previous myocardial infarction to group C patients (61.6% v 64.2%), exercise performance, severity of obstructive lesions (CASS score 2.19 v 2.14), and similar distribution of diseased vessels. At follow up of approximately two years they experienced a similar incidence of unstable angina (7.5% v 4.4%) and myocardial infarction plus cardiac death (4.9% v 6.1%). They underwent bypass surgery with similar frequency (39% v 42%) but there was a lower frequency of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (5.8% v 17%, P < 0.01). Patients with pure coronary ectasia (group B) had a lower incidence of a previous myocardial infarction (38.7%, 12/31, P < 0.05) than the two other groups. The infarct in all cases was related to an ectatic artery. Their exercise performance and ejection fraction (9 (SD 3) minutes and 56.5(9)%) were higher (P < 0.01) than group A (5 (2) minutes, 48.3(10)%) and group C (5.3 (2) minutes, 49.3(10)%). Group B had no myocardial infarctions, cardiac death, surgery, or intervention at follow up; 4.4% (5/115) developed unstable angina. The incidence of angina at study entry was similar in all three groups (38.7-49.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery ectasia does not confer added risk in patients with coexisting obstructive coronary artery disease. Although there is a measurable incidence of previous myocardial infarction, patients with pure ectasia have a good prognosis. The wisdom of giving oral anticoagulants to such patients is questioned.
Interdependencies Among the Irish, British and German Stock Markets

Interdependencies between the Irish stock market and two other stock markets, namely the United Kingdom and Germany, are assessed. The indices used are the ISEQ, the FTSE-100, and the FAZ. The application of cointegration techniques suggest that a long-run relationship does not exist between either the stock markets' price levels or their rates of return. There is however, a significant increase in the correlation between short-run returns across the markets after the 1987 stock market crash. Greater stock market integration has coincided with greater financial and economic integration. No lead-lag relationships are found for the pre-crash period in applying Granger causality tests. However, important uni-directional causality is found for the post-crash period. Indicating that the Irish stock market is inefficient. Significant contemporaneous causality is detected for the period of the stock market crash.
Using Regulatory Focus to Explore Implicit and Explicit Processing in Concept Learning

Complex cognitive processes like concept learning involve a mixture of redundant explicit and implicit processes that are active simultaneously. This aspect of cognitive architecture creates difficul- ties in determining the influence of consciousness on processing. We propose that the interaction between an individual's regulatory focus and the reward structure of the current task influences the degree to which explicit processing is active. Thus, by manipulating people's motivational state and the nature of the task they perform, we can vary the influence of conscious processing in cognitive performance. We demonstrate the utility of this view by focusing on studies in which people acquire new perceptual concepts by learning to classify them. This technique will allow us to better tease apart the roles of explicit and implicit processing in a variety of cognitive tasks. As Cognitive Psychologists, we are often led astray by the labels we place on our phenomena. We study processes like attention, concept formation and memory. By giving each of these processes a label, we reify it and thereby give it more unity than it may deserve. What research is beginning to make plain, however, is that the traditional labels used by cognitive psychologists refer to input-output relationships
Understanding Compliance with Internet Use Policy: An Integrative Model Based on Command-and- Control and Self-Regulatory Approaches

Internet security risks, the leading security threats confronting today’s organizations, often result from employees’ non-compliance with the Internet use policy (IUP). Extant studies on the compliance with security policies have largely ignored the impact of intrinsic motivations on employees’ compliance intention. This paper proposes a theoretical model that integrates an extrinsic sanction-based command-and-control approach with an intrinsic self-regulatory approach to examine employees’ IUP compliance intention. The self-regulatory approach centers on the effect of organizational justice and personal moral beliefs against Internet abuses. The results of this study suggest that the self-regulatory approach is more effective than the sanctionbased command-and-control approach. Organizational justice not only influences IUP compliance intention directly, but also indirectly through fostering favorable personal moral beliefs against Internet abuses.
Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Biological Activities of Essential Oils Derived from the Greek Aromatic Plant Species Ocimum basilicum, Mentha spicata, Pimpinella anisum and Fortunella margarita

Natural products, known for their medicinal properties since antiquity, are continuously being studied for their biological properties. In the present study, we analyzed the composition of the volatile preparations of essential oils of the Greek plants Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil), Mentha spicata (spearmint), Pimpinella anisum (anise) and Fortunella margarita (kumquat). GC/MS analyses revealed that the major components in the essential oil fractions, were carvone (85.4%) in spearmint, methyl chavicol (74.9%) in sweet basil, trans-anethole (88.1%) in anise, and limonene (93.8%) in kumquat. We further explored their biological potential by studying their antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Only the essential oils from spearmint and sweet basil demonstrated cytotoxicity against common foodborne bacteria, while all preparations were active against the fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger. Antioxidant evaluation by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity assays revealed a variable degree of antioxidant potency. Finally, their antiproliferative potential was tested against a panel of human cancer cell lines and evaluated by using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. All essential oil preparations exhibited a variable degree of antiproliferative activity, depending on the cancer model used, with the most potent one being sweet basil against an in vitro model of human colon carcinoma.
Neuroscientific, Neuropsychological, and Psychological Evidence Comparably Impact Legal Decision Making: Implications for Experts and Legal Practitioners

ABSTRACT Neuroscientific evidence is assuming an increasingly prominent role in criminal law, where it has considerable potential for affecting legal decision making. Our understanding of this effect is currently limited. Research initially suggested a significant impact of neuroscience on lay and legal decision making, but subsequent investigations have failed to replicate or extend these findings. The current study investigated the impact of several types of evidence in a novel criminal-sentencing paradigm that surveyed community participants (N = 896) using Amazon Mechanical Turk. No significant differences among neuroscientific, neuropsychological, and psychological evidence conditions—with or without images—were observed on mock jurors’ impressions of the evidence, sentencing decisions, or opinions of violence risk, recidivism, or culpability. These results suggest that our current understanding of the differential impact of neuroscientific and neuroimaging evidence on legal decision making may be oversimplified. An accurate understanding of this effect is imperative for researchers, practitioners, and legal professionals working with neuroscientific evidence as its prevalence continues to grow in legal decision making.