Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Specialization in Professional Baseball Players

Two developmental pathways to sport excellence have been described: early specialization and early sampling (Cote, Lidor, & Hackfort, 2009). Despite a common assumption that early specialization (defined as playing one sport exclusively and intensely before age 12) is a necessary precursor to success at the collegiate or professional levels, research to support this assumption remains unclear. To add to this literature, the current study was a survey of 708 minor league professional baseball players on the ages at which they began to specialize in their sport. Results indicated that most players sampled a diversity of sports up through late adolescence. Only 25% of players specialized before the age of 12 and the mean age of specialization was 15 years. Furthermore, those who specialized later were more likely to receive college scholarships. Finally, we examined patterns of specialization as a function of athletes’ home climate and culture. At least in this sample of professional minor league baseball pl.
Needs and Cognition/Behavior Patterns at Work and the Big Five: An Assessment of the Personality and Preference Inventory-Normative (Papi-N) from the Perspective of the Five-Factor Model

This study examined the relationship between psychological needs and cognition/behavior patterns at work as measured by the Personality and Preference Inventory ‐ Normative (PAPI-N) and the five-factor model of personality as measured by the NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) in a sample of 91 working adults and 71 psychology undergraduates who worked or had some work experience. Our results showed significant and theoretically congruent correlations between the PAPI-N scales and the measures of the five-factor model. These correlations were similar to those found using alternative instruments to measure Murray’s needs. Despite the differences in the conceptual origins of the PAPI-N and the NEO-FFI and divergences in the aspects of personality measured by the two inventories, joint and interbattery factor analyses showed that most of the needs and cognition/behavior patterns measured by the PAPI-N can be meaningfully organized within the framework of the five-factor model. These results provide further empirical evidence for the validity of the five-factor model and the PAPI-N, although they also point out personality aspects that are not encompassed by the five-factor model.
Liliane Haegeman, The syntax of negation . (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 75.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. xv+335.

In this volume, Haegeman brings us up to date on a number of strands of her work on sentential negation both alone and in collaboration with RafFaella Zanuttini published since 1991. (See p. 323 for references.) After an introductory first chapter, in Chapter 2 Haegeman reviews and interprets within current GB theory the literature on the parallels (in English) between negatives and interrogatives. Haegeman then develops her own analysis of sentential negation, first in West Flemish (WF) (Chapter 3), then in a number of other languages (Chapter 4). In Chapter 5, Haegeman addresses the A/A' distinction. Finally, in a brief sixth chapter, Haegeman points out some residual problems and addresses non-sentential negation. Chapter 1 'Introduction' (1-69) is a straightforward presentation of (in the main) fairly uncontroversial aspects of GB theory which are relevant for later discussion, for example, VP-internal subjects, substitution vs. adjunction, Minimalist morphology-driven movement, Grimshaw's (1991) extended projections (on which, see below), the A/A' distinction, the disjunctive ECP, identification via binding and/or antecedent-government, Relativized Minimality and (derivational) chains vs. (representational) CHAINS. In discussion of the syntax of WF, a West Germanic SOV V2 language, Haegeman also discusses Kayne's (1994) Universal Base Hypothesis whereby superficial SOV is derived from underlying SVO by clauseinternal leftward A-movement to [Spec, AgrOP], i.e., scrambling. However, as Haegeman recognizes, the appealingly elegant features of her subsequent analysis of negation (at least for languages like WF) are largely voided by the Universal Base Hypothesis. In Chapter 2 'The WH-criterion and the NEG-criterion' (70-111), Haegeman contextualizes her own work linking negatives with interrogatives by reviewing Klima (1964) and Lasnik (1972). Sentence-initial WH-/NEGoperators with sentential scope in English run parallel in that they both trigger subject-auxiliary inversion and license negative polarity items. In addition, NEGand WH-operators both create inner islands by blocking antecedent-government. Further, both NEGand WH-operators demonstrate connectedness effects, whereby one WH-/NEG-operator is licensed parasitically on the back of another. Finally, (some) languages demonstrate negative concord, a phenomenon arguably parallel to WH-absorption. Haegeman follows Klima in attributing these parallels to a common feature [AFFECTIVE] associated with negative and interrogative contexts alike which Haegeman assumes is generated both on phrasal constituents and functional heads, either of which being possibly non-overt. The distribution of [AFFECTIVE] elements is attributed to a general wellformedness
Gender and mathematics anxiety: The role of math-related experiences and opinions

Abstract Research has indicated that women may be particularly prone to experiencing mathematics anxiety and, to account for this, the sex-role socialization hypothesis posits that women are more math anxious because they have had less experience with mathematics and have more negative opinions regarding mathematics. In contrast, the math experiences hypothesis suggests that math anxiety is not truly a gender-related phenomenon, but rather is due to poor mathematical preparation, regardless of gender. The present study pitted the “sex-role” hypothesis against the “math experience” hypothesis in an examination of the relation between gender and math anxiety. One hundred and seventy-one university students completed a measure of math anxiety and a series of questions regarding their math marks, opinions, and experiences throughout their educational history. The findings clearly supported the math experience hypothesis of math anxiety, for differences in math marks, opinions, and experiences were found betwe.
FDA Approval: Belinostat for the Treatment of Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma

On July 3, 2014, the FDA granted accelerated approval for belinostat (Beleodaq; Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). A single-arm, open-label, multicenter, international trial in the indicated patient population was submitted in support of the application. Belinostat was administered intravenously at a dose of 1000 mg/m2 over 30 minutes once daily on days 1 to 5 of a 21-day cycle. The primary efficacy endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) based on central radiology readings by an independent review committee. The ORR was 25.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 18.3–34.6] in 120 patients that had confirmed diagnoses of PTCL by the Central Pathology Review Group. The complete and partial response rates were 10.8% (95% CI, 5.9–17.8) and 15.0% (95% CI, 9.1–22.7), respectively. The median duration of response, the key secondary efficacy endpoint, was 8.4 months (95% CI, 4.5–29.4). The most common adverse reactions (>25%) were nausea, fatigue, pyrexia, anemia, and vomiting. Grade 3/4 toxicities (≥5.0%) included anemia, thrombocytopenia, dyspnea, neutropenia, fatigue, and pneumonia. Belinostat is the third drug to receive accelerated approval for the treatment of relapsed or refractory PTCL. Clin Cancer Res; 21(12); 2666–70. ©2015 AACR.
The sys-1 gene and sexual dimorphism during gonadogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans.

In wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans, the hermaphrodite gonad is a symmetrical structure, whereas the male gonad is asymmetric. Two cellular processes are critical for the generation of these sexually dimorphic gonadal shapes during early larval development. First, regulatory "leader" cells that control tube extension and gonadal shape are generated. Second, the somatic gonadal precursor cells migrate and become rearranged to establish the adult pattern. In this paper, we introduce sys-1, a gene required for early organization of the hermaphrodite, but not the male, gonad. The sys-1(q544) allele behaves genetically as a strong loss-of-function mutant and putative null. All hermaphrodites that are homozygous for sys-1(q544) possess a grossly malformed gonad and are sterile; in contrast, sys-1(q544) males exhibit much later and only partially penetrant gonadal defects. The sys-1(q544) hermaphrodites exhibit two striking early gonadal defects. First, the cell lineages of Z1 and Z4, the somatic gonadal progenitor cells, produce extra cells during L2, but the regulatory cells that control gonadal shape are not generated. Second, somatic gonadal precursor cells do not cluster centrally during late L2, and the somatic gonadal primordium typical of hermaphrodites is not established. In contrast, the early male gonadal lineage is asymmetric as normal, the somatic gonadal primordium typical of males is established correctly, and the male adult gonadal structures can be normal. We conclude that the primary role of sys-1 is to establish the shape and polarity of the hermaphrodite gonad.
Intra-Vehicle Networks: A Review

Automotive electronics is a rapidly expanding area with an increasing number of safety, driver assistance, and infotainment devices becoming standard in new vehicles. Current vehicles generally employ a number of different networking protocols to integrate these systems into the vehicle. The introduction of large numbers of sensors to provide driver assistance applications and the associated high-bandwidth requirements of these sensors have accelerated the demand for faster and more flexible network communication technologies within the vehicle. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of current research on advanced intra-vehicle networks and identifies outstanding research questions for the future.
Six Key Principles for Music Assessment

valuating students' performance and measuring growth are ongoing foundational activities in the educational process. This article evolved from conversations between the authors about essential information that preservice teachers need to be able to assess their students fairly and effectively. Although our expertise is in different fields-educational psychology and music education-we both have experience working with future music educators. In our discussions, critical themes emerged that are basic for evaluating musical skills and knowledge. Using our experience and current research, we created six principles for developing effective measurement tools. These principles can remind experienced teachers and provide guidance for novice educators about core issues in music assessment.
Life & Times of Magda A

How to write about violence? Most recent anthropological works have dealt with this question in terms of either political economy, narratives, or performance. Using J. M. Coetzee's Life & Times of Michael K as a pre‐text, an ethnological inquiry into violence is proposed through the biography of a young South African woman. The reconstitution of her life story through informal interactions and in‐depth interviews embedded in long‐term research in her home community attempts to inscribe her life in its times, in other words, to articulate an experience of extreme poverty and sexual abuse and later of living with HIV and becoming involved in AIDS activism with the historical condition of apartheid and its aftermath. Taking seriously the young woman's perspective on her biography implies both epistemological and ethical issues. As it unfolds through her narrative, relocated in its social context, her story can be read as the progressive appropriation of an imposed fate, the slow shift from subordination to subjectification and, finally, a form of political education to violence.
Effects of Synergist vs. NonSynergist Split Resistance Training Routines on Acute Neuromuscular Performance in Resistance-Trained Men

Abstract Castanheira, RPM, Ferreira-Junior, JB, Celes, RS, Rocha-Junior, VA, Cadore, EL, Izquierdo, M, and Bottaro, M. Effects of synergist vs. nonsynergist split resistance training routines on acute neuromuscular performance in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3482–3488, 2017—The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of synergist (SN) vs. nonsynergist (NS) split resistance training routines on the acute neuromuscular performance of the elbow flexors in resistance-trained men. Fifteen resistance-trained men (age: 23.2 ± 4.0 years, height: 173.0 ± 0.08 cm, and body mass: 78.38 ± 9.31 kg) randomly performed 3 training routines separated by an interval of 7 days: (a) pull-pull exercises (SN), which included 6 sets of 10 repetition maximum (RM) of a seated row exercise followed by 4 sets of 10RM of the preacher biceps curl exercise; (b) push-pull exercises (NS), which included 6 sets of 10RM of the bench press exercise followed by 4 sets of 10RM of the preacher biceps curl exercise; and (c) Control, which included 4 sets of 10RM of the preacher biceps curl exercise. Elbow flexors peak torque, total work, and the amplitude of electromyography signal (EMG root mean square) were measured during the elbow flexor isokinetic exercise. Peak torque was 10.2 and 3.9% higher during Control condition when compared with the SN and NS conditions, respectively (p ⩽ 0.05). Peak torque was also 6.0% greater in the NS condition than the SN condition (p ⩽ 0.05). Moreover, total work was 5.1% greater in the NS condition than the SN condition. Additionally, EMG findings did not differ among conditions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, a push and pull NS split routine is recommended to maximize elbow flexor training performance (i.e., lower acute loading effect) in trained subjects.
Patellofemoral pain syndrome and its association with hip, ankle, and foot function in 16- to 18-year-old high school students: a single-blind case-control study.

BACKGROUND An increased pronated foot posture is believed to contribute to patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), but the relationship between these phenomena is still controversial. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of PFPS in high school students and to compare passive internal and external hip rotation, passive dorsiflexion, and navicular drop and drift between healthy high school students and students with PFPS. METHODS All 16- to 18-year-old students in a Danish high school were invited to join this single-blind case-control study (N = 299). All of the students received a questionnaire regarding knee pain. The main outcome measurements were prevalence of PFPS, navicular drop and drift, passive ankle dorsiflexion, passive hip rotation in the prone position, and activity level. The case group consisted of all students with PFPS. From the same population, a randomly chosen control group was formed. RESULTS The prevalence of knee pain was 25%. Of the 24 students with knee pain, 13 were diagnosed as having PFPS. This corresponds to a PFPS prevalence of 6%. Mean navicular drop and drift were higher in the PFPS group versus the control group (navicular drop: 4.2 mm [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.2-5.3 mm] versus 2.9 mm [95% CI, 2.5-3.3 mm]; and navicular drift: 2.6 mm [95% CI, 1.6-3.7 mm] versus 1.4 mm [95% CI, 0.9-2.0 mm]). Higher passive ankle dorsiflexion was also identified in the PFPS group (22.2° [95% CI, 18°-26°] versus 17.7° [95% CI, 15°-20°]). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated greater navicular drop, navicular drift, and dorsiflexion in high school students with PFPS compared with healthy students and highlights that foot posture is important to consider as a factor where patients with PFPS diverge from healthy individuals.
Rotating night shifts and risk of breast cancer in women participating in the nurses' health study.

BACKGROUND Melatonin shows potential oncostatic action, and light exposure during night suppresses melatonin production. There is little information, however, about the direct effect of night work on the risk of cancer. We investigated the effect of night work in breast cancer. METHODS We examined the relationship between breast cancer and working on rotating night shifts during 10 years of follow-up in 78 562 women from the Nurses' Health Study. Information was ascertained in 1988 about the total number of years during which the nurses had worked rotating night shifts with at least three nights per month. From June 1988 through May 1998, we documented 2441 incident breast cancer cases. Logistic regression models were used to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for confounding variables and breast cancer risk factors. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS We observed a moderate increase in breast cancer risk among the women who worked 1-14 years or 15-29 years on rotating night shifts (multivariate adjusted RR = 1.08 [95% CI = 0.99 to 1.18] and RR = 1.08 [95% CI = 0.90 to 1.30], respectively). The risk was further increased among women who worked 30 or more years on the night shift (RR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.78). The test for trend was statistically significant (P =.02). CONCLUSIONS Women who work on rotating night shifts with at least three nights per month, in addition to days and evenings in that month, appear to have a moderately increased risk of breast cancer after extended periods of working rotating night shifts.
Janus field theories from multiple M2 branes

Based on the recent proposal of N = 8 superconformal gauge theories of the multiple M2 branes, we derive (2 + 1)-dimensional supersymmetric Janus field theories with a space-time dependent coupling constant. From the original Bagger-Lambert model, we get a supersymmetric field theory with a similar action to the N D2 branes, but the coupling varies with the space-time as a function of the light-cone coordinate, g(t + x). Half of the supersymmetries can be preserved. We further investigate the M2 brane action deformed by mass and Myers-like terms. In this case, the final Yang-Mills action is deformed by mass and Myers terms, and the coupling behaves as exp(μx) where μ is a constant mass parameter. Weak coupling gauge theory is continuously changed to strong coupling in the large x region.
Linguistic Influences on Mathematical Development: How Important Is the Transparency of the Counting System?

Wales uses languages with both regular (Welsh) and irregular (English) counting systems. Three groups of 6- and 8-year-old Welsh children with varying degrees of exposure to the Welsh language—those who spoke Welsh at both home and school; those who spoke Welsh only at home; and those who spoke only English—were given standardized tests of arithmetic and a test of understanding representations of two-digit numbers. Groups did not differ on the arithmetic tests, but both groups of Welsh speakers read and compared 2-digit numbers more accurately than monolingual English children. A similar study was carried out with Tamil/English bilingual children in England. The Tamil counting system is more transparent than English but less so than Welsh or Chinese. Tamil-speaking children performed better than monolingual English-speaking children on one of the standardized arithmetic tests but did not differ in their comparison of two-digit numbers. Reasons for the findings are discussed.
Can Individual Investors Beat the Market?

We document persistent superior trading performance among a subset of individual investors. Investors classified in the top performance decile in the first half of our sample subsequently earn risk-adjusted returns of about 6% per year. These returns are not confined to stocks in which the investors are likely to have inside information, nor are they driven by illiquid stocks. Our results suggest that skilled individual investors exploit market inefficiencies (or perhaps conditional risk premiums) to earn abnormal profits, above and beyond any profits available from well-known strategies based on size, value, momentum, or earnings announcements. (JEL G11, G14, G40, G51) Received: October 11, 2020 Editorial decision: January 4, 2021 Editor: Jeffrey Pontiff
Enlarged perivascular spaces and cognitive impairment after stroke and transient ischemic attack

Background Previous studies suggested that enlarged perivascular spaces are neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease. However, it is not clear whether enlarged perivascular spaces are associated with cognitive impairment. We aimed to determine the cross-sectional relationship between enlarged perivascular spaces and small vessel disease, and to investigate the relationship between enlarged perivascular spaces and subsequent cognitive impairment in patients with recent cerebral ischemic event. Methods Anonymized data were accessed from the virtual international stroke trial archive. We rated number of lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, brain atrophy, and enlarged perivascular spaces with validated scales on magnetic resonance brain images after the index stroke. We defined cognitive impairment as a mini mental state examination score of ≤26, recorded at one year post stroke. We examined the associations between enlarged perivascular spaces and clinical and imaging markers of small vessel disease at presentation and clinical evidence of cognitive impairment at one year using linear and logistic regression models. Results We analyzed data on 430 patients with mean (±SD) age 64.7 (±12.7) years, 276 (64%) males. In linear regression analysis, age (β = 0.24; p < 0.001), hypertension (β = 0.09; p = 0.025), and deep white matter hyperintensities (β = 0.31; p < 0.001) were associated with enlarged perivascular spaces. In logistic regression analysis, basal ganglia enlarged perivascular spaces were independently associated with cognitive impairment at one year after adjusting for clinical confounders (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.22–2.42) and for clinical and imaging confounders (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.03–2.31). Conclusions Our data show that in patients with ischemic cerebral events, enlarged perivascular spaces are cross-sectionally associated with age, hypertension, and white matter hyperintensities and suggest that enlarged perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia are associated with cognitive impairment after one year.
SOCIAL CLASS AND PARENTAL ATTITUDES TOWARD EDUCATION

This study investigates the impact of social class on parents' attitudes toward their children's education. The results suggest that two concepts—resistance and conformity—are central to understanding parental attitudes toward education and the process by which those attitudes are shaped. The data indicate that the probability parents will conform to or resist the meritocratic ideology of acquiring a college degree to help ensure occupational success tends to depend on parents' social-class background and, concomitantly, on whether they have experienced “hidden injuries of class. ” A more inclusive sampling strategy proved useful in documenting the varied attitudes found among working-class and middle-class parents. The attitudes of parents toward higher education have the potential to influence their children's attitudes toward education, their children's chances of obtaining a college degree, and their own chances of returning to school. This research suggests that the family is an important site for cultural production and social reproduction.