Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Rational

This article examines the introduction and evolution of the Strategic Management Process in the Further Education sector. This is done in the light of a critique of the transfer of management models from the business sector to Further Education; a theoretically informed review of related policy literature; and a detailed longitudinal case study of cultural change in one college embarking upon Incorporation. Implications of the analysis are explored for Further Education, for the possible reconceptualization of the Strategic Management Process and for the related theoretical literature.
Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the McCabe Cold Sensitivity Severity scale (CSS) and Potential Work Exposure scale (PWES) to Norwegian

Introduction The McCabe Cold Sensitivity Severity scale (CSS) is one of the most used questionnaires for measuring cold sensitivity in patients with hand injuries. The Potential Work Exposure scale (PWES) measures cold exposure at work. Good reliability and validity have been reported for the Swedish translations. No version in the Norwegian language has been available. Methods The CSS and PWES were translated forward and backward, and then tested for content validity in patients with hand injuries (n = 23 and 12, respectively). We categorised the CSS scores (0–400) into five severity levels, from none to extreme cold hypersensitivity, and asked each patient how the categories matched their perceived cold hypersensitivity levels. Results Good content validity was confirmed for the Norwegian version of the CSS to assess cold sensitivity in patients with hand injuries. Preliminary findings support the categorisation of scores into five severity levels. Conclusions The Norwegian CSS is an appropriate instrument to assess cold sensitivity after hand injury.
Office Workers’ Sick Building Syndrome and Indoor Carbon Dioxide Concentrations

This study attempted to determine whether any association exists between sick building syndrome (SBS) and indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. We evaluated SBS among 111 office workers in August and November 2003. The environmental conditions in the office, including CO2 concentrations, temperature, relative humidity, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), were continuously monitored. The most prevalent symptoms of the five SBS groups were eye irritation and nonspecific and upper respiratory symptoms. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) models show that workers exposed to indoor CO2 levels greater than 800 ppm were likely to report more eye irritation or upper respiratory symptoms.
A novel gene from the human endogenous retrovirus K expressed in transformed cells.

PURPOSE We investigated the expression of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) transcripts in various tumor tissues and transformed cell lines. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed reverse transcription-PCR analysis to examine expression of env reading frame transcripts in mammary carcinoma biopsies, germ-cell tumor samples, ovarian carcinomas, and lymphocytes of leukemic patients, as well as in a variety of transformed cell lines. The novel np9 gene was analyzed by sequencing. Expression of the recombinant Np9 protein was shown by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence studies with polyclonal Np9-specific antibodies. Subcellular localization was determined with a Np9-enhanced-green fluorescence protein fusion protein, and the effects of Np9 on cell proliferation and survival were studied in growth and standard colony formation assays. RESULTS We have identified a novel gene, np9, within the HERV-K env-reading frame that gives rise to a 9-kDa protein localized predominantly in the cell nucleus. np9 transcript results from a novel, HERV-K type 1-specific splice donor site and is expressed in various tumor tissues and transformed cell lines but not in normal, nontransformed cells. CONCLUSION The highly specific expression of np9 in tumor tissue suggests that the protein may possess a function in tumorigenesis.
Determinants of Innovative Work Behaviour: Development and Test of an Integrated Model

In this study, we developed and tested a causal model to predict innovative work behaviour (IWB) integrating the literatures on psychological contract, job design and organizational justice. Two hundred and four employees from Irish manufacturing organizations participated in the study, and we collected data using a survey questionnaire. The psychological contract variable of perceived obligation to innovate, job autonomy and pay showed direct effects on IWB. In addition, pay and job autonomy also had indirect effects on IWB through the mediating variable of psychological contract - perceived obligation to innovate. The organizational process of meritocracy, equity perceptions and procedural justice perceptions influenced IWB through the mediating variables of psychological contract, although none of these variables influenced IWB directly. Overall, the results indicated good support for the integrative model and provided support for the crucial role played by psychological contract in influencing IWB. Implications are discussed.
Detection of Anaplasma bovis DNA in the peripheral blood of domestic dogs in Japan.

The prevalence of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma in 1,427 dogs from 32 Japanese prefectures was evaluated by PCR and DNA nucleotide sequencing. PCR screening demonstrated that 18 dogs (1.3%) were positive for Anaplasmataceae. Sequence analysis revealed that 14 of the amplicons were most closely related to Wolbachia spp. , symbionts of Dirofilaria immitis, whereas three were identified as Anaplasma bovis. The remaining amplicon could not be sequenced. Almost the entire sequence of 16S rRNA (1,452 bp) from one of the positive specimens was determined, and subsequent phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the detected sequence was that of A. bovis. This is the first detection of A. bovis DNA fragments in dogs. Species-specific nested PCR showed that 15 (1.1%) of the 1,427 dogs involved in this study were positive for A. bovis. The geographical distribution of these dogs ranged from Aomori Prefecture in northern Japan to Kagoshima Prefecture in the south. The relationship between A. bovis infection and clinical disease is not yet clearly understood.
A Polyhedral Study of Multiechelon Lot Sizing with Intermediate Demands

In this paper, we study a multiechelon uncapacitated lot-sizing problem in series (m-ULS), where the output of the intermediate echelons has its own external demand and is also an input to the next echelon. We propose a polynomial-time dynamic programming algorithm, which gives a tight, compact extended formulation for the two-echelon case (2-ULS). Next, we present a family of valid inequalities for m-ULS, show its strength, and give a polynomial-time separation algorithm. We establish a hierarchy between the alternative formulations for 2-ULS. In particular, we show that our valid inequalities can be obtained from the projection of the multicommodity formulation. Our computational results show that this extended formulation is very effective in solving our uncapacitated multi-item two-echelon test problems. In addition, for capacitated multi-item, multiechelon problems, we demonstrate the effectiveness of a branch-and-cut algorithm using the proposed inequalities.
Combining study and employment: a step too far?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a survey of part‐time employment among university students. The survey seeks to establish the nature and characteristics of that employment, and to determine the extent to which it is comparable to similar institutions. The research also aims to examine the possible consequences of combining part‐time employment with full‐time study, with particular reference to stress.Design/methodology/approach – The research consisted of a web‐based survey of full‐time undergraduates within the business school of a post‐1992 university in the UK.Findings – The survey found that 68 per cent of the sample currently holds at least one part‐time job during term‐time and that the majority are employed in excess of ten hours per week. Employment is concentrated in a small number of sectors such as retailing, service and call centres. Previous studies report that combining a degree with employment can have negative consequences with students missing classes, doin.
Semidefinite Programming Relaxation Based Virtually Antipodal Detection for Gray Coded 16-QAM MIMO Signalling

An efficient semidefinite programming relaxation (SDPR) based virtually antipodal (VA) detection approach is proposed for Gray coded 16-QAM signalling over multiple-input--multiple-output (MIMO) channels. The existing index-bit-based VA-SDPR (IVA-SDPR) method is incapable of making direct binary decisions concerning the individual information bits without making symbol decisions first, except for the linear natural-mapping aided rectangular QAM constellations. By contrast, our new method is capable of directly deciding on the information bits of the ubiquitous Gray-mapping aided 16-QAM by employing a strikingly simple linear matrix representation (LMR) of 4-QAM. As an appealing benefit, the conventional ``signal-to-symbol-to-bits'' decision process is substituted by a simpler ``signal-to-bits'' decision process for the classic Gray-mapping aided rectangular 16-QAM. Furthermore, when combined with low-complexity bit-flipping based ``hill climbing'', the proposed direct-bit-based VA-SDPR (DVA-SDPR) detector achieves the best bit-error-ratio (BER) performance among the known SDPR-based MIMO detectors in the context considered, while still maintaining a worst-case complexity order as low as O[(4N_T+1)^{3.5}].
Principles of Social Justice

Social justice has been the animating ideal of democratic governments throughout the 20th century. even those who oppose it recognize its potency. Yet the meaning of social justice remains obscure, and existing theories put forward by political philosophers to explain it have failed to capture the way people in general think about issues of social justice. This book develops a new theory. The author argues that principles of justice must be understood contextually, with each principle finding its natural home in a different form of human association. Because modern societies are complex, the theory of justice must be complex, too. The three primary components in Miller's scheme are the principles of desert, need, and equality. The book uses empirical research to demonstrate the central role played by these principles in popular conceptions of justice. It then offers a close analysis of each concept, defending principles of desert and need against a range of critical attacks, and exploring instances when justice requires equal distribution and attacks, and exploring instances when justice requires equal distribution and when it does not. Finally, it argues that social justice understood in this way remains a viable political ideal even in a world characterized by economic globalization and political multiculturalism. This book will appeal to readers with interest in public policy as well as to students of politics, philosophy, and sociology.
Calcium Calmodulin-Stimulated Adenylyl Cyclases Contribute to Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in Spinal Dorsal Horn Neurons in Adult Rats and Mice

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) cascades are suggested to contribute to excitatory synaptic plasticity in the CNS, including the spinal cord dorsal horn. However, many of their upstream signaling pathways remain to be investigated. Here, we demonstrate that glutamate and substance P (SP), two principal mediators of sensory information between primary afferent fibers and the spinal cord, activate Erk in dorsal horn neurons of both adult rat and mouse spinal cord. In genetic knock-out mice of calcium calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase subtypes 1 (AC1) and 8 (AC8), activation of Erk in dorsal horn neurons were significantly reduced or blocked, either after peripheral tissue inflammation or by glutamate or SP in spinal cord slices. Our studies suggest that AC1 and AC8 act upstream from Erk activation in spinal dorsal horn neurons and the calcium-AC1/AC8-dependent Erk signaling pathways may contribute to spinal sensitization, an underlying mechanism for the development of persistent pain after injury.
Academic Performance and Personality Traits of Chinese Children: "Onlies" Versus Others

This study was undertaken to determine whether the academic and personality outcomes of only children in China are similar to those of only children in the West. Several reviews of the extensive Western literature indicate that only children are remarkably similar to children with siblings. The few differences between them are concentrated in academic areas, where only children have the advantage. In China few children grew up without siblings until 1979, when to one-child policy was initiated. Since then, over 90% of newly formed families in the large urban areas have only one child. The incidence of one-child families in the rural areas is much smaller. The results of our 1987 survey of 1,460 schoolchildren and their parents and teachers, in the urban and rural areas of Changchun, a large industrial city in Jilin Province in northeastern China, contain many findings similar to those of surveys in the West, with one exception. Among urban children, those without siblings have higher academic scores than those with siblings, but these advantages are not found among rural children. Moreover, when only children are compared to firstborns, no differences are found once appropriate background controls are introduced. Also consistent with Western results, only children do not appear to differ from children with siblings in terms of two personality dimensions representing childhood adjustment in China, as judged by both their mothers and teachers.
Inhibition-related Activation in the Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus in the Absence of Inhibitory Cues

The right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) has been hypothesized to mediate response inhibition. Typically response inhibition is signaled by an external stop cue, which provides a top–down signal to initiate the process. However, recent behavioral findings suggest that response inhibition can also be triggered automatically by bottom–up processes. In the present study, we evaluated whether rIFG activity would also be observed during automatic inhibition, in which no stop cue was presented and no motor inhibition was actually required. We measured rIFG activation in response to stimuli that were previously associated with stop signals but which required a response on the current trial (reversal trials). The results revealed an increase in rIFG (pars triangularis) activity, suggesting that it can be activated by associations between stimuli and stopping. Moreover, its role in inhibition tasks is not contingent on the presence of an external stop cue. We conclude that rIFG involvement in stopping is consistent with a role in reprogramming of action plans, which may comprise inhibition, and its activity can be triggered through automatic, bottom–up processing.
Lung centroid pressure in immersed man.

Upright immersion imposes a pressure imbalance between alveolar and mean external thoracic pressure. Lung centroid pressure (PLC) is defined as the breathing pressure required to remove this imbalance. Static transrespiratory pressure-volume relationships were determined in subjects immersed in upright (n = 17) and prone (n = 13) postures. Compliances measured during immersion (1.87 +/- 0.15 liter.kPa-1 upright, 1.87 +/- 0.17 liter.kPa-1) prone) were compared with compliances, obtained over the same volume range, while upright in air (1.84 +/- 0.17 liter.kPa-1). PLC was determined by the horizontal (pressure) displacement of immersed compliance curves. PLC was calculated to be +1.33 +/- 0.11 kPa (+13.6 cmH2O) relative to the sternal notch when upright and -0.69 +/- 0.12 kPa (-7.0 cmH2O) relative to the sternal plane when prone (mean +/- SEM). Upright PLC did not support the widely used value of +19 cmH2O (Jarrett AS. J Appl Physiol 1965;20:1261-1266). Analysis shows that when data from earlier investigations were adjusted for differences in reference pressure, the collective PLC supports the present results.
Properties of the Intracluster Medium in an Ensemble of Nearby Galaxy Clusters

We present a systematic analysis of the intracluster medium (ICM) in an X-ray flux limited sample of 45 galaxy clusters. Using archival ROSAT Position-Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) data and published ICM temperatures, we present best-fit double and single β model profiles, and extract ICM central densities and radial distributions. We use the data and an ensemble of numerical cluster simulations to quantify sources of uncertainty for all reported parameters. We examine the ensemble properties within the context of models of structure formation and feedback from galactic winds. We present best-fit ICM mass-temperature MICM-⟨TX⟩ relations for MICM calculated within r500 and 1 h-150 Mpc. These relations exhibit small scatter (17%), providing evidence of regularity in large, X-ray flux limited cluster ensembles. Interestingly, the slope of the MICM-⟨TX⟩ relation (at limiting radius r500) is steeper than the self-similar expectation by 4.3 σ. We show that there is a mild dependence of ICM mass fraction fICM on ⟨TX⟩; the clusters with ICM temperatures below 5 keV have a mean ICM mass fraction ⟨fICM⟩=0.160±0.008, which is significantly lower than that of the hotter clusters ⟨fICM⟩=0.212 ± 0.006 (90% confidence intervals). In apparent contradiction with previously published analyses, our large, X-ray flux limited cluster sample provides no evidence for a more extended radial ICM distribution in low-⟨TX⟩ clusters down to the sample limit of 2.4 keV. By analyzing simulated clusters we find that density variations enhance the cluster X-ray emission and cause MICM and fICM to be overestimated by ~12%. Additionally, we use the simulations to estimate an fICM depletion factor at r500. We use the bias corrected mean fICM within the hotter cluster subsample as a lower limit on the cluster baryon fraction. In combination with nucleosynthesis constraints this measure provides a firm upper limit on the cosmological density parameter for clustered matter ΩM≤(0.36 ± 0.01) h-½50.
The Interference of Stereotype Threat With Women's Generation of Mathematical Problem-Solving Strategies

At the highest levels of math achievement, gender differences in favor of men persist on standardized math tests. We hypothesize that stereotype threat depresses women's math performance through interfering with their ability to formulate problem-solving strategies. In Study 1, women underperformed in comparison to men on a word problemm test, however, women and me performed equally when the word problems were converted into their numerical equivalents. In Study 2, men and women worked on difficult problems, either in a high- or reduced-stereotype-threat condition. Problem-solving strategies were coded. When stereo-type threat was high, women were less able to formulate problem-solving strategies than when stereotype threat was reduced. The effect of stereotype threat on cognitive resources and the implications for gender differences in mathematical testing are discussed.
On the use of phone-gram units in recurrent neural networks for language identification

In this paper we present our results on using RNN-based LM scores trained on different phone-gram orders and using different phonetic ASR recognizers. In order to avoid data sparseness problems and to reduce the vocabulary of all possible n-gram combinations, a K-means clustering procedure was performed using phone-vector embeddings as a pre-processing step. Additional experiments to optimize the amount of classes, batch-size, hidden neurons, state-unfolding, are also presented. We have worked with the KALAKA-3 database for the plenty-closed condition [1]. Thanks to our clustering technique and the combination of high level phone-grams, our phonotactic system performs ~13% better than the unigram-based RNNLM system. Also, the obtained RNNLM scores are calibrated and fused with other scores from an acoustic-based i-vector system and a traditional PPRLM system. This fusion provides additional improvements showing that they provide complementary information to the LID system.
Low-Power HeNe Laser Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcers

Clinical observations have suggested that low-energy lasers, mainly helium-neon (HeNe) lasers, might stimulate wound healing. A controlled study of the effects of low-power HeNe laser was performed in conjunction with a standard treatment for healing chronic venous leg ulcers on 46 patients divided randomly into two groups. All patients received standard treatment (paste-impregnated bandage and a self-adhesive elastic bandage) plus either HeNe laser (wavelength, 632.8 nm; beam power, 6mW; continuous emission, energy density, 4 J/cm2) or placebo HeNe laser twice weekly for 12 weeks. The areas of healing were examined and compared percentage-wise after 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks. There were no significant differences in the proportion of healed ulcers or ulcer area in the HeNe group compared with the placebo group.
Prevalence and natural history of otitis media with perforation in Maori school children

Abstract New Zealand Maoris are one of five ethnic groups in developed countries known to have a high rate of ear disease, including perforation of the eardrum (CSOM). It is a strongly held belief by otolaryngologists whose practice dates back to the 1960's that the prevalence of CSOM in Maori children is gradually falling. Despite the obvious practical implications this change has not yet been documented. The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of CSOM in two surveys conducted in 1978 and 1987 of children living in a North Island Maori community. A second aim was to examine the natural history of CSOM in these children. The raw data from the 1978 study were reviewed. Of 134 children aged 4–13,12 had CSOM. In 1987 the same age group yielded 12 children out of 250 with CSOM. The prevalence of CSOM fell from 9 per cent to 4 per cent. The incidence of new perforations in 1987 was 1.3 per cent per child per year. It is concluded there has been a fall in the rate of CSOM, although otitis media remains a significant problem for these children. The probability of a perforation healing was influenced by whether or not the perforation had been observed before: at least 35 per cent of perforations seen for the first time healed, but none of the perforations seen on two occsaions healed spontaneously. It was concluded that perforation of the eardrum can be managed conservatively at first.
and i thought i was bad! the idiot eFFect in social judgMent

When people unambiguously outperform another person, they subsequently rate that person's ability higher than do uninvolved observers. Lassiter and Munhall (2001) contend that this genius effect occurs because people spontaneously use the self as a reference point in evaluating a defeated other. That is, to the extent that people a priori view themselves as highly competent at the performance task, this positive self-assessment should lead them to conclude that the person they defeated need not be so bad. What happens, however, when people believe a priori that their own level of a particular skill is abysmal? Lassiter and Munhall hypothesized that, in such cases, an idiot effect would occur instead. That is, people's negative self-assessment should lead them to rate a person they unambiguously outperform as more inept than do uninvolved observers. Two studies provide the first empirical evidence of this novel phenomenon and support its proposed nonmotivational underpinning.