Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What controls the C iv line profile in active galactic nuclei

The high-ionization lines in active galactic nuclei (AGN), such as C IV, tend to be blueshifted with respect to the lower-ionization lines, such as Hβ, and often show a strong blue excess asymmetry not seen in the low-ionization lines. There is accumulating evidence that the Hβ profile is dominated by gravity, and thus provides a useful estimate of the black hole mass in AGN. The shift and asymmetry commonly seen in C IV suggest that non-gravitational effects, such as obscuration and radiation pressure, may affect the line profile. We explore the relation between the Hβ and C IV profiles using the ultraviolet (UV) spectra available for 81 of the 87 z ≤ 0.5 PG quasars in the Boroson & Green sample. We find the following. (1) Narrow C IV lines (full width at half-maximum, FWHM 4000 km s -1 . This argues against the view that C IV generally originates closer to the centre, compared with Hβ. (3) C IV appears to provide a significantly less accurate, and possibly biased estimate of the black hole mass in AGN, compared with Hβ. (4) All objects where C IV is strongly blueshifted and asymmetric have a high L/L○ Edd , but the reverse is not true. This suggests that a high L/L Edd is a necessary but not sufficient condition for generating a blueshifted asymmetric C iv emission. (5) We also find indications for dust reddening and scattering in 'normal' AGN. In particular, PG quasars with a redder optical-UV continuum slope show weaker C iv emission, stronger C IV absorption and a higher optical continuum polarization.
Integrable boundary conditions for classical sine-Gordon theory

The possible boundary conditions consistent with the integrability of the classical sine-Gordon equation are studied. A boundary value problem on the half-line x<or=0 with local boundary condition at the origin is considered. The most general form of this boundary condition is found such that the problem be integrable. For the resulting system an infinite number of involutive integrals of motion exist. These integrals are calculated and one is identified as the Hamiltonian. The results found agree with some recent work of Ghoshal and Zamolodchikov(1994).
How Distorted Thinking Influence Arab Children Academic Achievement in Israel

The purpose of the current study was to examine the relation between the parents Cognitive Distortion and Arab children academic achievements in Israel. 52 fifth grade Arab Children and their parents from Israel were participated. The results indicated that parent's cognitive distortion related negatively to children academic achievements; there is a negative correlation between father's Cognitive distortion and children academic achievements and between mother's Cognitive distortion and children academic achievements. The current research concluded that Parent's Cognitive distortion has a greater relationship with children academic performance. The researchers recommend that appropriate measures, including cognitive mutual counseling program (parents and Children) should be put in place for the Children to achieve both their short-term and long-term educational goals.
Skill Premium in Chile: Studying the Skill Bias Technical Change Hypothesis in the South

The evolution of the skill premium (i.e., the wage differential between skilled and unskilled workers) in an economy has interest from at least two perspectives: the evolution of the skill premium is a rough measure of inequality among workers of different qualifications and provides information on the characteristics of the development process of the economy. In this paper, I investigate empirically the evolution of the skill premium in Chile over the last 40 years. After some fluctuations in the 1960s and 1970s, the skill premium increased in the 1980s and has remained roughly constant since then. A simple accounting framework suggests that this evolution is an outcome of a significant increase in relative demand for skilled workers in the 1980s and 1990s and a sizeable increase in the relative supply in the 1990s. Next, I explain the evolution of the relative demand for skilled labor in Chile in the context of the Acemoglu (2003a) model of endogenous technological choice where new technologies are produced in developed countries (like the US) and adopted in developing economies (like Chile). Macro evidence and sectoral evidence confirm the main theoretical prediction of the model: patterns of skill upgrading in Chile have followed the evolution of the same variable in the US.
The relations between adolescents’ personal values and prosocial and antisocial behaviours in team sports

This study examines adolescents’ personal values within the sport context, and the connection between those values and pro- and antisocial behaviours towards teammates and opponents on the part of young players. To measure these variables, we administered the 21-item Portrait Values Questionnaire and the Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale to 172 team sports athletes between 13 and 19 years of age. Findings showed that young players attributed the greatest importance to self-transcendence values and the least importance to self-enhancement values. Values were significantly related to adolescents’ prosocial and, to a greater degree, antisocial behaviours. In particular, antisocial behaviours were positively related to values of self-enhancement and openness to change, but were discouraged by values related to self-transcendence and conservation. Interestingly, the relationship between values of self-transcendence and openness to change and antisocial behaviour towards teammates, and that between values of self-enhancement and antisocial behaviour towards opponents were moderated by parental pressure towards their children in sport. Parental pressure also moderated the relationship between conservation values and openness to change and prosocial behaviour towards teammates. Implications and further expansion of the study are discussed.
Incidence, Severity and Prognosis Associated with Hyponatremia in Dogs and Cats

Background Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality in human patients and is associated with substantial morbidity and death. The incidence and importance of hyponatremia in dogs and cats has not been determined. Hypothesis/Objectives To describe the incidence of and prognosis associated with hyponatremia in dogs and cats at a university teaching hospital. Animals Of 16,691 dogs and 4,211 cats with measured blood or serum sodium concentration. Methods Retrospective study. Medical records of animals with a blood or serum sodium concentration measured during a 60‐month period were reviewed to determine the severity of hyponatremia and its associated fatality rate. Cases with moderate (11–15 mmol/L below the reference range) or severe hyponatremia (≥16 mmol/L below the reference range) were further reviewed. Results Of 4,254 dogs (25.5%) and 2,081 cats (49.4%) were diagnosed with hyponatremia. Case fatality rates of dogs and cats with hyponatremia were 13.7% and 11.9%, respectively, compared to 4.4% and 4.5% with a normal blood or serum sodium concentration (P < 0.0001). The magnitude of hyponatremia was linearly associated with a higher case fatality rate (P < 0.0001). Hyponatremia was associated with a lower case fatality rate than hypernatremia in the same population. Among the animals with moderate or severe hyponatremia, 92.1% of dogs and 90.6% of cats presented with community‐acquired hyponatremia, and 7.9% of dogs and 9.4% of cats developed hospital‐acquired hyponatremia. Conclusions and clinical importance Hyponatremia was found commonly in this population and was associated with increased case fatality rate. Presence and severity of hyponatremia might be useful as a prognostic indicator.
Neuronal substrate of cognitive impairment in post-stroke dementia

large GCH1 mutation positive family with dopa responsive dystonia: confusing the picture? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 72: 801–4. Grünewald A, Kasten M, Ziegler A, Klein C. Next-generation phenotyping using the parkin example: time to catch up with genetics. JAMA Neurol 2013; 70: 1186–91. Klepitskaya O, Neuwelt AJ, Nguyen T, Leehey M. Primary dystonia misinterpreted as Parkinson disease: video case presentation and practical clues. Neurol Clin Practice 2013; 3: 469–74. Luciano MS, Ozelius L, Sims K, Raymond D, Liu L, Saunders-Pullman R. Responsiveness to levodopa in epsilon-sarcoglycan deletions. Mov Disord 2009; 24: 425–8. Mencacci NE, Isaias IU, Reich MM, Plagnol V, Polke JM, Bras J, et al. Parkinson’s disease in GTP cyclohydrolase-1 mutation carriers. Brain 2014. Tadic V, Kasten M, Bruggemann N, Stiller S, Hagenah J, Klein C. Doparesponsive dystonia revisited: diagnostic delay, residual signs, and nonmotor signs. Arch Neurol 2012; 69: 1–5.
Mammary Tumors Accelerates Metastases of Transgenic In vivo 1 β Factor Conditional Overexpression of Active Transforming Growth

To address the role of transforming growth factor (TGF) in the progression of established tumors while avoiding the confounding inhibitory effects of TGFon early transformation, we generated doxycycline (DOX)-inducible triple transgenic mice in which active TGF1 expression could be conditionally regulated in mouse mammary tumor cells transformed by the polyomavirus middle T antigen. DOX-mediated induction of TGF1 for as little as 2 weeks increased lung metastases >10-fold without a detectable effect on primary tumor cell proliferation or tumor size. DOX-induced active TGF1 protein and nuclear Smad2 were restricted to cancer cells, suggesting a causal association between autocrine TGFand increased metastases. Antisense-mediated inhibition of TGF1 in polyomavirus middle T antigen–expressing tumor cells also reduced basal cell motility, survival, anchorage-independent growth, tumorigenicity, and metastases. Therefore, induction and/or activation of TGFin hosts with established TGF–responsive cancers can rapidly accelerate metastatic progression.
Changing causes of death in the West African town of Banjul, 1942-97.

OBJECTIVE To determine trends in the causes of death in a West African town. Mortality caused by infectious diseases is reported to be declining while degenerative and man-made mortality factors are increasingly significant. Most mortality analyses for sub-Saharan Africa have involved extrapolation and have not been derived from community-based data. METHODS Historical data on causes of death coded by physicians were analysed for the urban population of Banjul for the period 1942-97. As the calculation of rates is not possible in the absence of a reliable population denominator, age-standardized proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for men and women by major groups of causes of death were calculated, using the 1942-49 data for reference purposes. FINDINGS Most deaths were attributable to communicable diseases. There was a shift in proportional mortality over the study period: the contribution of communicable diseases declined and that of noncommunicable diseases and injuries increased. These trends were more marked among men than women. CONCLUSION The data illustrate that while noncommunicable diseases and injuries are emerging as important contributors to mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, communicable diseases remain significant causes of mortality and should not be neglected.
EKF Based Multiple Parameter Tuning System for a L2-SVM Classifier

Performance of support vector machines (SVM) is sensitive to the setting of kernel and regularization parameters. Hence, parameter selection becomes an important challenge that the SVM users need to face. In this paper, it is shown that the multiple parameter tuning for a 2-norm SVM (L2-SVM) classifier could be viewed as an identification problem of a nonlinear dynamic system, which could be solved using the extended Kalman filter (EKF), because of the reachable smooth nonlinearity of the L2-SVM system. We describe the proposed method and compare it with the commonly used gradient descent (GD) approach using the Wisconsin Diagnosis Breast Cancer (WDBC) data from the UCI benchmark repository. We demonstrate that the EKF approach can be an effective tool for the multiple SVM parameter tuning.
Concordance of poor child feeding and preventive behavior and its predictors in southwest rural Ethiopia

Background Inappropriate child feeding and caring practices are a major cause of malnutrition. To date, no studies have examined concordance and discordance of child feeding and preventive behavior and their predictors in developing countries. Methods We used baseline data generated from A 2-year-longitudinal agriculture-nutrition panel survey conducted from February 9 to April 9, 2014, in nine districts encompassing 20 randomly selected counties in Oromiya Region and Southern Nation, Nationality and Peoples Region in Ethiopia. Households were recruited using the Expanded Program on Immunization sampling method. A total of 623 children under the age of 5 years and their respective caregivers were included in the analyses. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for clustered observations. Results Concordance of poor child feeding and preventive behavior was observed in 45.1% of the children, while 45.5% of the children were suffering from discordance of poor child feeding and preventive behavior. Concordance and discordance of poor child feeding and preventive behavior had almost different predictors. Concordance of poor child feeding and preventive behavior was significantly associated with the age of the caretaker of ≥40 years (odds ratio (OR)=2.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 4.41), low household dietary diversity (OR=3.69; 95% CI: 1.93, 7.04), medium household dietary diversity (OR=2.17; 95% CI: 1.17, 4.00), severe household food insecurity (OR=1.72; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.93), and increase with increasing child age. Conclusion A substantial number of children in the southwest of rural Ethiopia are exposed to both poor child feeding and preventive behavior. Low household dietary diversity and extreme food insecurity household were predictors of concordance of poor child feeding and poor preventive behavior and provide useful entry points for comprehensive interventions to address child feeding and caring in the area.
Experience with progesterone gel for luteal support in a highly successful IVF programme.

Efficacy of luteal support from single daily administration of Crinone((R)) 8% (progesterone gel) was tested in 43 women in an IVF programme with historical pregnancy rates >50%. Results were compared with those achieved in 46 women concurrently undergoing IVF and receiving 50 mg i.m. progesterone, and with historical data. Pregnancy rates (PR) were evaluated approximately 2 weeks after undergoing IVF by human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) measurement (total PR), by ultrasound 2-4 weeks later (clinical PR), and by counting births. Prior experience with other progesterone formulations was compared with that of Crinone 8%. Demographic and IVF characteristics were comparable for both concurrently treated groups. Total PR, clinical PR and live birth rates were similar for the Crinone and the concurrent i.m. progesterone groups: 31 (72.1%) versus 34 (73.9%); 26 (60.5%) versus 28 (60.9%), and 23 (53.5%) versus 23 (50%) respectively. Clinical PR and live birth rates were also similar to the last data reported to the Society for Assisted Reproduction Therapy. Overall acceptability of Crinone 8% was excellent. Among subjects with prior i.m. injection experience, most patients (69.2%) agreed that the gel was easier to use, less painful (76.9%) and less time-consuming (61.5%) than i.m. injections. In conclusion, Crinone 8% offers an appreciable improvement, as it provides an effective luteal support option that avoids painful i.m. injections.
Health aspects of wireless communication: auditory perception of microwaves --- hearing microwaves

In common usage, the handset of a cellular mobile telephone is held against the ear. Computational and experimental studies have demonstrated that about 50 percent of the radiated radio frequency (RF)/microwave energy is deposited in tissues on the same side of the head, nearest to the telephone. The deposited energy measured in specific absorption rates (SAR) of RF/microwave energy is non uniformly distributed inside the head. Depending on the specific model used, the SAR inside the inner ear is about 20 to 40 percent of that permissible by existing rules and regulations.
Developers' perception of co-change patterns: An empirical study

Co-change clusters are groups of classes that frequently change together. They are proposed as an alternative modular view, which can be used to assess the traditional decomposition of systems in packages. To investigate developer's perception of co-change clusters, we report in this paper a study with experts on six systems, implemented in two languages. We mine 102 co-change clusters from the version history of such systems, which are classified in three patterns regarding their projection to the package structure: Encapsulated, Crosscutting, and Octopus. We then collect the perception of expert developers on such clusters, aiming to ask two central questions: (a) what concerns and changes are captured by the extracted clusters? (b) do the extracted clusters reveal design anomalies? We conclude that Encapsulated Clusters are often viewed as healthy designs and that Crosscutting Clusters tend to be associated to design anomalies. Octopus Clusters are normally associated to expected class distributions, which are not easy to implement in an encapsulated way, according to the interviewed developers.
Body image mediates an association between personality and mental health

Abstract Personality and body image have been identified as important correlates of mental and physical health. This study sought to explore whether body image mediates the association between the major dimensions of trait personality and self‐reported mental and physical health. In total, 451 Australian adults (121 men, 331 women; Mage = 21.88 ± 7.65-years) completed questionnaires at a single time‐point. After controlling for some demographic and anthropometric factors (e.g., body mass index), neuroticism was associated with all components of body image and mental and physical health. Extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness were associated with mental health and some components of body image. Multiple mediator models identified body image discrepancy and appearance evaluation as mediating the association between personality (neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness) and mental health. No significant mediation effects were observed for physical health, and mediation effects were not moderated by participant gender. These findings provide evidence that personality relates to self‐reported mental health, in part, through the variance shared with body image.
Kernel-Based Learning of Hierarchical Multilabel Classification Models

We present a kernel-based algorithm for hierarchical text classification where the documents are allowed to belong to more than one category at a time. The classification model is a variant of the Maximum Margin Markov Network framework, where the classification hierarchy is represented as a Markov tree equipped with an exponential family defined on the edges. We present an efficient optimization algorithm based on incremental conditional gradient ascent in single-example subspaces spanned by the marginal dual variables. The optimization is facilitated with a dynamic programming based algorithm that computes best update directions in the feasible set. Experiments show that the algorithm can feasibly optimize training sets of thousands of examples and classification hierarchies consisting of hundreds of nodes. Training of the full hierarchical model is as efficient as training independent SVM-light classifiers for each node. The algorithm's predictive accuracy was found to be competitive with other recently introduced hierarchical multi-category or multilabel classification learning algorithms.
Recommender Systems : An Experimental Comparison of two Filtering Algorithms

In this work we provide a review of the experiments we conducted on two contrasting recommender systems’ algorithms: classic Collaborative Filtering and Item-based Filtering. We discuss the results extracted from the experiments and test the validity of the claim that Item-based Filtering improves significantly on the performance of classic Collaborative Filtering. Finally, the results are compared with a smart non-personalized algorithm in order to evaluate the methods’ usefulness.
Representation of Cross-Frequency Spatial Phase Relationships in Human Visual Cortex

An image patch can be locally decomposed into sinusoidal waves of different orientations, spatial frequencies, amplitudes, and phases. The local phase information is essential for perception, because important visual features like edges emerge at locations of maximal local phase coherence. Detection of phase coherence requires integration of spatial frequency information across multiple spatial scales. Models of early visual processing suggest that the visual system should implement phase-sensitive pooling of spatial frequency information in the identification of broadband edges. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) adaptation to look for phase-sensitive neural responses in the human visual cortex. We found sensitivity to the phase difference between spatial frequency components in all studied visual areas, including the primary visual cortex (V1). Control experiments demonstrated that these results were not explained by differences in contrast or position. Next, we compared fMRI responses for broadband compound grating stimuli with congruent and random phase structures. All studied visual areas showed stronger responses for the stimuli with congruent phase structure. In addition, selectivity to phase congruency increased from V1 to higher-level visual areas along both the ventral and dorsal streams. We conclude that human V1 already shows phase-sensitive pooling of spatial frequencies, but only higher-level visual areas might be capable of pooling spatial frequency information across spatial scales typical for broadband natural images.
Quantitative analysis and model checking

Many notions of models in computer science provide quantitative information, or uncertainties, which necessitate a quantitative model checking paradigm. We present such a framework for reactive and generative systems based on a non-standard interpretation of the modal mu-calculus, where /spl mu/x. /spl phi//vx. /spl phi/ are interpreted as least/greatest fired points over the infinite lattice of maps from states to the unit interval. By letting formulas denote lower bounds of probabilistic evidence of properties, the values computed by our quantitative model checker can serve as satisfactory correctness guarantees in cases where conventional qualitative model checking fails. Since fixed point iteration in this infinite domain is computationally unfeasible, we establish that the computation of fixed points may be restated as a conventional, and on average efficient, optimization problem in linear programming; this holds for a fragment of the modal mu-calculus which subsumes CTL. Our semantics induces a state equivalence which is strictly in between probabilistic bisimulation and probabilistic ready bisimulation.
Impact of Gender on Discrimination between Real and Virtual Stimuli

Various experiments have shown scene-motion thresholds to be greater when the scene moves with the direction of the head turn than when the scene moves against the direction of the head turn. In fact, a virtual scene may appear to be more stable in space when moving slightly with the head turn than when the scne does not move. In this position paper, we discuss current investigations into this illusion and possible explanations.