Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early education and professional choice: Brazilian teachers’ views

ABSTRACT This qualitative and exploratory research is aimed at investigating the underlying reasons for the professional choice of Brazilian teachers who work within early education. Seventeen teachers (seven from public schools and 10 from private schools) were interviewed in depth in a semi-structured manner. Questions concerned the reasons that guided the participants' professional choice. According to the results, the main reasons for choosing to work with children were associated with love for children, family influence, opportunity, idealism, enchantment and special talent to work with children. Some of the interviewees worked with children due to a professional option made consciously, and others were merely taken by the circumstances. Stereotyped views of the profession (feminine profession) are also addressed.
Optimization of hydrolysis of whey protein concentrate using trypsin-like microbial protease and evaluation of dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitory activity of the obtained hydrolyzed product

Whey proteins are abundant in peptides that possess various biological activities. In order to enhance the biological properties of protein hydrolysates, it is essential to optimize the conditions of the hydrolysis process as much as possible. Firstly, we have determined the optimal conditions for hydrolysis of whey protein concentrate (WPC) by by �ltered trypsin-like protease (FTLP) in vitro conditions. Then, the ability of obtained whey protein hydrolysates against inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DiPP4) in vitro conditions was examined. The optimum point for WPC hydrolysis by FTLP with the predicted optimal level of Degree of hydrolysis (DH, 42.9 %) was at an E:S ratio of 5:100 (w/w), 8.6 h, and a temperature of 40 °C. The factual DH under ideal conditions was 42.04 %, indicating the e�ciency of the selected model (P ≤ 0.05). The �ndings indicated that hydrolysates of WPC generated by FTLP, including both the unfractionated section and the fractions obtained via ultra�ltration using 10-and 5-kDa cut-off membranes, exhibited anti-diabetic characteristics. However, the fractions exhibited greater inhibitory effects against the DiPP4 enzyme, with IC50 values of 1.98, 1.19, and 0.9 mg/mL for the unfractionated section, 10-kDa fraction, and 5-kDa fraction, respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that probiotic L. plantarum subsp. plantarumPTCC 1896 or its components may provide opportunities for future management of type-(cid:0) diabetes by inhibiting DiPP4.
Proteinase PrtP impairs lactococcin LcnB activity in Lactococcus lactis BGMN1-501: new insights into bacteriocin regulation

Proteinases and bacteriocins are of great importance to the dairy industry, but their interactions have not been studied so far. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BGMN1-5 is a natural isolate from homemade semi-hard cheese which produces two bacteriocins (Lactococcin B and LsbB), as well as proteinase PrtP. A medium-dependent increase in the bacteriocin LcnB activity of L. lactis BGMN1-501, a derivate of L. lactis subsp. lactis BGMN1-5, was shown to be accompanied by a decrease in its promoter activity. A similar effect of media components on gene expression was reported for proteinase PrtP, whose gene is co-localized on the same plasmid as the lcnB gene. Thus, the PrtP-LcnB interplay was investigated. Single gene knockout mutants were constructed with disrupted prtP or lcnB genes. PrtP- mutants showed higher bacteriocin activity that had lost its growth medium dependence, which was in contrast to the original strain. When LcnB from this mutant was combined with proteinase from the LcnB- mutant in vitro, its activity was rendered to the original level, suggesting that proteinase reduces bacteriocin activity. We propose a new model of medium dependent expression of these genes with regard to the effects of their interaction in vivo.
THE SOCIAL ORDER OF THE SLUM Ethnicity and Territory in the Inner City

While he did the research for this book, Gerald Suttles lived for almost three years in the high-delinquency area around Hull House on Chicago's New West Side. He came to know it intimately and was welcomed by its residents, who are Italian, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Negro. Suttles contends that the residents of a slum neighborhood have a set of standards for behavior that take precedence over the more widely held "moral standards" of "straight" society. These standards arise out of the specific experience of each locality, are peculiar to it, and largely determine how the neighborhood people act. One of the tasks of urban sociology, according to Suttles, is to explore why and how slum communities provide their inhabitants with these local norms. "The Social Order of the Slum" is the record of such an exploration, and it defines theoretical principles and concepts that will aid in subsequent research.
Twelve Essentials of Science-based Policy

This article presents a systematic framework of 12 essentials, or basic elements, of science-based policy. The 12 essentials are grouped into three categories, or areas, as follows: 1) knowledge generation, which includes credible design, accurate data, sound analysis, and comprehensive synthesis; 2) knowledge exchange, which includes relevant content, appropriate translation, timely dissemination, and modulated release; and 3) knowledge uptake, which includes accessible information, readable message, motivated user, and rewarding outcome.
Political Participation: Does Religion Matter?

Verba, Schlozman, and Brady (1995) posit that variation in ethnic group political participation, while related to socioeconomic differences among them, is derived from the acquisition of civic skills through their associational memberships and, in particular, from their experiences in church. Catholic and Protestant churches were hypothesized to develop different levels of such skills, and Verba et al. suggested that the relatively low level of Latino political participation was explained by their predominantly Catholic affiliation. If Verba et al.'s argument is true, then we should see participatory differences within ethnic groups by denomination. An alternative hypothesis is that churches matter through their role as civic associations. In that case, denominational differences should not matter, but churchgoers should be more active than non-churchgoers. Examining the 1989-90 Latino National Political Survey and the 1990 ANES, we find that while denominational differences have some limited explanatory power for Hispanic political participation, it is in the opposite direction than that hypothesized. By far the more important contribution to an explanation of political participation is made by churches' central civic associational roles.
Vitellogenin detection and chick pathology are useful endpoints to evaluate endocrine‐disrupting effects in avian one‐generation reproduction study

To investigate additional endpoints for screening of endocrine disruptors in birds, effects of 17β‐estradiol (E2) on one‐generation reproduction in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were assessed. Pairs of the 10‐week‐old Japanese quail were fed a low‐phytoestrogen diet containing E2 at 0 (control), 10, 100, and 1,000 ppm for six weeks. In the E2 100‐ and 1,000‐ppm groups, the parental quail represented marked toxic changes including high mortality, decreased food consumption, decreased gonad weights, gross and histologic toxic changes in the reproductive and other organs, and inhibition of the reproduction. However, no adverse effects were observed in the parental quail from the E2 10‐ppm group. In the parental males, serum vitellogenin (VTG) concentrations were increased significantly in the E2 10‐ppm group, disclosing that serum VTG concentration is one of the highly sensitive endpoints for evaluating estrogenic endocrine activities. In the E2 10‐ppm group, number of eggs laid, number of eggs with abnormalities, eggshell strength and thickness, fertility, early and late viabilities of embryos, normal hatchling rate, and clinical signs, mortality, viability, and body weight of chicks at 14 d of age were not affected. However, histopathology of the chicks in the E2 10‐ppm group revealed meaningful morphological changes in the reproductive organs, such as cystic dilatation of seminiferous tubules, increased interstitial cells in the testis, and decreased theca cells in the ovary. The present study suggests that serum VTG concentration in the parental quail and histopathology of reproductive organs in the offspring are sensitive endpoints and are useful as additional endpoints in the avian one‐generation reproduction test using the Japanese quail for evaluating estrogenic endocrine‐disrupting effects.
TCP Vegas Performance with Streaming Media

In this paper we study the use of TCP Vegas as a transport protocol for streaming media. We also consider TCP NewReno as a transport protocol for streaming media. We find that: 1) TCP is able to transport streaming media with good performance in a wide variety of scenarios; 2) TCP Vegas performs better than TCP NewReno in many cases; and 3) for viable media streams, both TCP variants need to achieve mean throughputs that are at least 1.5 times the encoding rate of the media objects being carried.
Bayesian Adaptive Management With Learning ∗

Learning and taking action are generally treated as separate choices in adaptive management and decision-making under uncertainty. When management actions produce information, this dichotomous choice is no longer optimal the value of information and immediate returns should be considered simultaneously. Pro ling of trade partners for invasive species risk is an example of such an endogenous learning problem, highlighting the central tradeo between exploitation and exploration. Selective examination of imports for invasive species provides both for immediate interceptions of infested shipments and data to reduce uncertainty over risks, improving future targeting decisions. We develop a Bayesian learning model of infestation risk and use advances in multi-armed bandit methodology to balance the objectives of exploitation and exploration. A solution approach, using approximate dynamic programming to decompose the large problem, is given a new interpretation, which takes advantage of intuition from aggregation of individual demand in microeconomic theory. Our integrated approach endogenizes learning to the targeting decision exploration is constantly considered but only pursued when explicitly worth the opportunity cost of forgoing greater immediate payo s. A demonstration of the multi-armed bandit model provides insight into when the riskiest shipment should not be the highest inspection priority. Expected gains in performance from the approach are analyzed using U.S. customs data on inspections and interceptions of invasive pests.
Moral Disengagement: Measurement and Modification

To study how attitudes and social psychological processes influence decisions about war and peace, a 15-question scale was developed to measure moral disengagement in support for military action. In a survey of 128 secondary school students in the USA and Finland, the scale demonstrated acceptable reliability (0.85-0.90) in different gender and national groups. US students were less morally engaged than Finnish students and males were less morally engaged than females. Scale scores were strongly related to the students' support for US and NATO military actions in Iraq and Yugoslavia. In a second study, 73 US university students participated in a brief, randomized experiment comparing the effects of contrasting communications on moral disengagement in support for military action. After completing a pretest survey, the students were randomly assigned to persuasive communications favoring either moral disengagement or resistance to moral disengagement. Immediately after they received these communications, the students were given the opportunity to give new answers to the survey questions about moral disengagement and approval of specific military actions. Analyses of pretest data confirmed the reliability of the scale and its ability to predict opinions about the US and NATO bombing campaigns in Iraq and Yugoslavia. Analyses of change scores showed increasing moral disengagement in one group and decreasing moral disengagement in the other group, in accordance with the type of communication that was provided between surveys. The groups also differed significantly in their changes of opinions about the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia and in their subsequent willingness to sign letters of praise or protest for their US Representative's congressional vote against the bombing.
Autoimmune Disease Sufficient, for Induction of Organ-Specific Regulatory T Cells Is Necessary, But Not + CD25+ Cutting Edge: Depletion of CD4

Thymectomy of BALB/c mice on day 3 of life results in the development of autoimmune gastritis (AIG) due to the absence of CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:1) regulatory T cells. However, depletion of CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:1) T cells by treatment with anti-CD25 rarely resulted in AIG. Depletion was efﬁcient, as transfer of splenocytes from depleted mice induced AIG in nu/nu mice. One explanation for this result is that CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:2) T cells upon transfer to nude recipients undergo lymphopenia-induced proliferation, providing a signal for T cell activation. Cotransfer of CD25 (cid:1) T cells did not inhibit initial proliferation but did suppress AIG. Surprisingly, immunization with the AIG target Ag, H/K ATPase, in IFA failed to induce disease in normal animals but induced severe AIG in CD25-depleted mice. These results demonstrate that second signals (nonspeciﬁc proliferation, TCR activation, or inﬂammation) are needed for induction of autoimmunity in the absence of CD25 (cid:1) regulatory T cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 168: 5979–5983. in susceptible strains of mice has induced by neonatal thymectomy day 3 of life (d3Tx) 2 and other protocols that result in removal or delay in the of regulatory (cid:1) T cells, CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:1) T cells
Shigella Infection in a SCID Mouse-Human Intestinal Xenograft Model: Role for Neutrophils in Containing Bacterial Dissemination in Human Intestine

ABSTRACT Shigellae infect human intestine and cause intense inflammation and destruction of colonic and rectal mucosa. To model the interactions of shigella with human intestine in vivo, we have studied shigella infection in human intestinal xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice (SCID-HU-INT mice). Inoculation of shigella into human intestinal xenografts caused severe inflammation and mucosal damage, which was apparent as soon as 4 h following infection. Shigella infection was associated with human intestinal production of interleukin-1B (IL-1B) and IL-8 and a marked neutrophil influx into the graft. Depletion of neutrophils from SCID-HU-INT mice reduced inflammation in the human intestinal xenograft in response to shigella infection but failed to significantly alter tissue damage. However, the number of intracellular bacteria was more than 20-fold higher in the human intestinal xenografts from neutrophil-depleted SCID-HU-INT mice. Infection of human intestinal xenografts with an attenuated vaccine strain of shigella (CVD1203) induced lower levels of IL-1B and IL-8 than wild-type shigella and caused only moderate damage to the intestinal permeability barrier. Our studies establish the SCID-HU-INT mouse as a viable model for studying the interactions between shigella and human intestine and indicate that neutrophils are important for controlling the invasion of human intestine by shigella.
Gender Issues in Groupwork-a case study involving with with computers

The paper reports my work as a teacher researcher on the Economic and Social Research Council funded project, ‘Groupwork with Computers’. It looks at intervention strategies that were adopted to promote gender equality and explores briefly other gender issues that emerged from the study. Data were gathered by interviewing pupils and colleagues and by classroom observation. It addresses the concerns of those teachers who find that despite their sensitivity to gender as an issue, the expected benefits do not necessarily accrue. It suggests that a greater emphasis on collaborative groupwork might in these circumstances be a fruitful path to pursue, in particular by encouraging children, and especially boys, to focus on their partners as well as the task.
emerging therapeutic options for acute migraine: focus on the potential of lasmiditan

: The serotonin receptor agonist triptan drugs (5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists) have been in use for over 20 years in the abortive management of migraine. Although clearly effective, their ability to produce vasoconstriction in cerebral and coronary arteries, thought to be mediated by their high affinity for the 5-HT1B receptor, has been a limitation to their use in certain patient populations. Variable potency triptan binding at the 5-HT1F receptor occurs in addition to binding at the 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors. A more selective serotonin agonist without 5-HT1B-mediated vasoconstriction might prove efficacious yet safer. The 5-HT1F receptor has been targeted as a site of action for such a drug. In experimental models, 5-HT1F receptor agonists have been shown to block neurogenic inflammation and c-Fos expression in neural tissue and, as well, show no evidence of vasoconstriction in vascular tissue models in vitro. In clinical trials, efficacy in the abortive management of migraine has been established. Lasmiditan (LY573144), a selective 5-HT1F receptor agonist (K1 = 2.21 µ M), showed efficacy in its primary endpoint, with a 2-hour placebo-subtracted headache response of 28.8%, though with frequent reports of dizziness, paresthesias, and vertigo. Study results support an emerging central neuronal mechanism of migraine pathophysiology. This review traces the history and use of 5-HT1F receptor agonists, now referred to as neurally acting anti-migraine agents in migraine management.
Liposomes in investigative dermatology

Liposomes are microscopic spheres, usually composed of amphiphilic phospholipids. They may be useful without skin penetration if they simply protect or sequester compounds that would otherwise be unstable in the formulation. Liposomes that remain on the skin surface are useful as light‐absorbers, agents to deliver color or sunscreens, or as depots for timed‐release. Liposomes that penetrate the stratum corneum have the potential to interact with living tissue. Topically applied liposomes can either mix with the stratum corneum lipid matrix or penetrate the stratum corneum by exploiting the lipid‐water interface of the intercellular matrix. There are at least four major routes of entry into the skin: pores, hair follicles, columnular spaces and the lipid:water matrix between squames. A major force driving liposome penetration is the water gradient, and flexible liposomes are best able to exploit these delivery opportunities. Some liposomes release their contents extracellularly. Topical application of photosensitizers may be enhanced by encapsulation in liposomes. Higher and longer‐lasting drug concentrations may be produced in localized areas of skin, particularly at disease sites where the stratum corneum and the skin barrier function are disrupted. The liposome membrane should be designed to capture lipophilic drugs in the membrane or hydrophilic drugs in the interior. Other types of liposomes can be engineered to be taken up by cells. Once inside cells, the lysosomal sac and clatherin‐coated pit are the dead‐end destinations for liposomes unless an escape path has been engineered into the liposome. A novel method has been developed to allow delivery into cells of the skin, by escape from the lysosomal sac. These liposomes have been used to topical deliver active DNA repair enzymes from liposomes into epidermal cells and to enhance DNA repair of UV‐irradiated skin. From these studies a tremendous amount has been learned about the relationship of DNA damage and skin cancer. Both mutations and immunosuppression appear to be essential to skin cancer and both are induced by DNA damage. DNA damage produces immediate effects by inducing the expression of cytokines, which means that DNA damage can induce signaling in neighboring, undamaged cells. The repair of only a fraction of the DNA damage has a disproportionate effect on the biological responses, clearly demonstrating that not all DNA damage is equivalent. This technology demonstrates that biologically active proteins can be delivered into the cells of skin, and opens up a new field of correcting or enhancing skin cell metabolism to improve human health.
COMT influences on prefrontal and striatal blood oxygenation level-dependent responses during working memory among individuals with schizophrenia, their siblings, and healthy controls

Introduction. Recent theories have suggested that corticostriatal interactions may play an important part in mediating working memory demands and may impact clinical symptomology of schizophrenia. These effects are thought to occur through changes in dopamine signalling from the midbrain and via feedback from the frontal cortex. The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism may prove useful for studying these effects in vivo. Methods. In this study, patients with schizophrenia, their well siblings, and healthy controls were genotyped and scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they performed a working memory task. Results. We found that patients and their siblings, but not controls, who were Val homozygotes displayed greater activity of the DLPFC, striatum, and the cerebellum during the task than respective Met carriers. We also found a relationship between striatal activity and negative symptoms for the Val homozygote group. Conclusions. Our findings support and extend previous studies of COMT effects on cognition and neural activity, and suggest that changes in dopamine availability may differentially impact corticostriatal functioning of individuals at risk for schizophrenia from those who are not. We also found some evidence supporting the proposed role of striatal dopamine signalling and clinical symptoms associated with anhedonia and apathy.
Exploring The Impact Of Universities' Digital Advancement On Students' Perceptions - A Driver of Reputation and WOM behavior?

Universities nowadays face an increasing competition for high-potential students. As students rely on opinions of their peers when deciding for a study program, universities benefit from positive word-of-mouth (WoM). A good way to increase positive WoM is to establish a favorable reputation among their current students. Therefore, this study investigates reputational drivers with a focus on the influence of digital offers. It explores students’ perceptions of universities’ digital advancement and how it impacts university reputation and their WoM behavior. First, this paper introduces a measurement for students’ perception of their universities’ digital advancement (PDA). The results of a PLS-SEM model underline the quality of the proposed measurement. Second, this paper highlights the explanatory power of the PDA construct on students’ assessment of university reputation and on their WoM behavior. Particularly, results show that the PDA construct is the third most influential driver for universities’ likeability and students’ related WoM behavior.