Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pre-Service Teachers’ Beliefs about Teaching English to Primary School Children

This paper is a part of an ongoing doctoral research on ‘Teacher Talk in ESL Classrooms’. The idea for this was gained through the hypothesis that teachers’ beliefs about English teaching may also mould their talk. The researcher intends here to analyse and comment on teachers’ English teaching beliefs. It is generally accepted that teaching is greatly affected by the belief systems of its practitionersteachers. Teachers’ beliefs influence their consciousness, teaching attitude, teaching methods and teaching policies, and finally, learners’ development. Horwitz (1987) also states rightly that the formation of teachers’ educational beliefs in language teaching/ learning process will influence, though indirectly, on forming effective teaching methods and will bring about the improvement of learners’ language learning abilities. In Indian context, there is dearth of research evaluating teachers’ beliefs about English teaching. This study explores teachers’ beliefs regarding teaching English to children and tries to explore whether medium of instruction makes any difference in their beliefs. It also intends to determine what similar and different beliefs might be held by in-service teachers from two different mediums. A total of 100 pre-service teachers are the subjects of this study. In order to recognize these teachers’ specific beliefs in a more systematic way, a research instrument, The Questionnaire of Primary School Pre-service English Teachers’ Teaching Beliefs was developed. Almost all of these preservice teachers expected to have training regarding how to make their talk effective and relevant in classrooms.
Extratemporal Facial Paralysis

PurposeThis report summarizes our experience in the management of extratemporal facial paralysis with a variety of reconstructive techniques and explores those parameters which are considered to be useful in achieving better outcomes. MethodsIn all, 56 patients with extratemporal facial paralysis were studied. All the patients had a mean follow-up of 5 years (standard deviation: 3.5). Video evaluation was performed by 3 independent assessors at the required follow-up intervals. ResultsThe final median score for the partial facial paralysis group was significantly higher (4.175) compared with the complete facial paralysis (3.3), P = 0.007. In this series, the only other factor that appeared to influence the final outcome was the denervation time and not the age group, type of facial nerve injury, or method of repair. ConclusionThe concept of dynamic panfacial reconstruction with an individual and tailored to patient’s needs approach is demonstrated in all and particularly in bilateral cases.
Hereditary and Acquired Thrombophilia in Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis

The purpose of this study was to characterize differences in the prevalence of hereditary and acquired thrombophilia in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT). A total of 88 consecutive patients with SVT, including Budd Chiari Syndrome (n = 47) and portal extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (n = 41), underwent comprehensive thrombophilia testing, including testing for heritable and acquired causes. In 33 (37.5%) patients, etiology could be explained by at least 1 of the heritable etiologic factors, and 31 (35.2%) patients could be explained by at least 1 of the acquired causes studied. The combination of multiple concurrent factors was present in 9 (11.4%) patients. Among the heritable causes, the risk of SVT was found increased in the presence of thrombophilia resulting from the deficiencies of the naturally occurring anticoagulant proteins, and the acquired thrombogenic factors were significantly associated with causation of thrombosis in adult patients with SVT.
Coarse-graining the distribution function of cold dark matter

Many workers have found that the recollapse of a dark matter halo after decoupling has a self-similar dynamical phase. This behaviour is maintained strictly so long as the infall continues but it appears to evolve smoothly into the virialized steady state and to transmit some of its properties intact. The density profiles established in this phase are all close to the isothermal inverse square law however, which is steeper than the predictions of some n-body simulations for the central regions of the halo, which are in turn steeper than the density profiles observed in the central regions of some galaxies; particularly dwarfs and low surface brightness galaxies. The outer regions of galaxies both as observed and as simulated have density profiles steeper than the selfsimilar profile. Nevertheless there appears to be an intermediate region in most galaxies in which the inverse square behaviour is a good description. The outer deviations can be explained plausibly in terms of the transition from a self-gravitating extended halo to a Keplerian flow onto a dominant central mass (the isothermal distribution can not be complete), but the inner deviations are more problematic. Rather than attack this question directly, we use in this paper a novel coarse-graining technique combined with a shell code to establish both the distribution function associated with the self-similar density profile and the nature of the possible deviations in the central regions. In spherical symmetry we find that both in the case of purely radial orbits and in the case of orbits with non-zero angular momentum the self-similar density profile should flatten progressively near the centre of the system. The NFW limit of −1 seems possible. In a section aimed at demonstrating our
Insights on organic aerosol aging and the influence of coal combustion at a regional receptor site of central eastern China

Abstract. In order to understand the aging and processing of organic aerosols (OA), an intensive field campaign (Campaign of Air Pollution at Typical Coastal Areas IN Eastern China, CAPTAIN) was conducted March–April at a receptor site (a Changdao island) in central eastern China. Multiple fast aerosol and gas measurement instruments were used during the campaign, including a high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) that was applied to measure mass concentrations and non-refractory chemical components of submicron particles (PM1nr). The average mass concentration of PM1(PM1nr+black carbon) was 47 ± 36 μg m−3 during the campaign and showed distinct variation, depending on back trajectories and their overlap with source regions. Organic aerosol (OA) is the largest component of PM1 (30%), followed by nitrate (28%), sulfate (19%), ammonium (15%), black carbon (6%), and chloride (3%). Four OA components were resolved by positive matrix factorization (PMF) of the high-resolution spectra, including low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA), semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and a coal combustion OA (CCOA). The mass spectrum of CCOA had high abundance of fragments from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (m/z 128, 152, 178, etc.). The average atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon in OA (O / C) at Changdao was 0.59, which is comparable to other field studies reported at locations downwind of large pollution sources, indicating the oxidized nature of most OA during the campaign. The evolution of OA elemental composition in the van Krevelen diagram (H / C vs. O / C) showed a slope of −0.63; however, the OA influenced by coal combustion exhibits a completely different evolution that appears dominated by physical mixing. The aging of organic aerosols vs. photochemical age was investigated. It was shown that OA / ΔCO, as well as LV-OOA / ΔCO and SV-OOA / ΔCO, positively correlated with photochemical age. LV-OOA accounted for 73% of the OA secondary formation (SOA) in the oldest plumes (photochemical age of 25 h). The kOH at Changdao, by assuming SOA formation and aging as a first-order process proportional to OH, was calculated to be 5.2 × 10−12 cm3 molec. −1 s−1, which is similar to those determined in recent studies of polluted air in other continents.
Differentiation of Tr 1 cells by immature dendritic cells requires IL-10 but not CD 25 CD 4 Tr cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that monitor the antigenic environment and activate naive T cells. The role of DCs is not only to sense danger but also to tolerize the immune system to antigens encountered in the absence of maturation/inflammatory stimuli. Indeed, if a naive T cell encounters its antigen on immature DCs (iDCs), it may differentiate into a T-regulatory (Tr) rather than a T-effector cell. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which iDCs differentiate Tr cells. We developed a standardized and highly reproducible protocol to differentiate Tr cells by repetitive exposure of naive peripheral blood CD4 T cells to allogeneic iDCs. The resultant Tr cells are phenotypically and functionally identical to type 1 Tr (Tr1) cells because their generation requires production of IL-10 by iDCs, and they suppress T-cell responses through an interleukin-10 (IL-10)– and a transforming growth factor (TGF)–dependent mechanism. In addition, Tr1 cells induced by iDCs do not require the presence of CD4 CD25 Tr cells for their generation, nor do they express high constitutive levels of CD25 or the transcription factor FoxP3. Thus, iDCs can drive the differentiation of Tr1 cells and can be used to generate large numbers of alloantigenspecific Tr1 cells for clinical use as a cellular therapy to restore peripheral tolerance. (Blood. 2005;105:1162-1169)
Comparison of Ultrasonography and Radiography in Detection of Thoracic Bone Fractures; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: The potential benefit of ultrasonography for detection of thoracic bone fractures has been proven in various surveys but no comprehensive conclusion has been drawn yet; therefore, the present study aimed to conduct a thorough meta-analytic systematic review on this subject. Methods: Two reviewers independently carried out a comprehensive systematic search in Medline, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest databases. Data were summarized as true positive, false positive, true negative and false negative and were analyzed via STATA 11.0 software using a mixed-effects binary regression model. Sources of heterogeneity were further assessed through subgroup analysis. Results: Data on 1667 patients (807 subjects with and 860 cases without thoracic fractures), whose age ranged from 0 to 92 years, were extracted from 17 surveys. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in detection of thoracic bone fractures were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.90-0.99; I2= 88.88, p<0.001) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.86-0.97; I2= 71.97, p<0.001), respectively. The same measures for chest radiography were found to be 0.77 (95% CI: 0.56-0.90; I2= 97.76, p<0.001) and 1.0 (95% CI: 0.91-1.00; I2= 97.24, p<0.001), respectively. The sensitivity of ultrasonography was higher in detection of rib fractures, compared to fractures of sternum or clavicle (97% vs. 91%). Moreover, the sensitivity was found to be higher when the procedure was carried out by a radiologist in comparison to an emergency medicine specialist (96% vs. 90%). Conclusion: Base on the findings of the present meta-analysis, screening performance characteristic of ultrasonography in detection of thoracic bone fractures was found to be higher than radiography. However, these characteristics were more prominent in detection of rib fractures and in cases where was performed by a radiologist.
Metalinguistic awareness and teacher explanation

In Hong Kong in the past five years, there has been a marked increase of interest in the language awareness of teachers (their ‘metalinguistic awareness'). This interest has been stimulated partly by a concern about declining standards of student achievement in both Chinese and English. Dissatisfaction with learners’ standards of English is linked to officially expressed concern about the quality of teachers of English, many of whom are neither subject‐trained nor professionally trained. The present study is part of on‐going research into the metalinguistic awareness of Hong Kong secondary‐school teachers of English. One observable behaviour most obviously exemplifying the metalinguistic awareness of L2 teachers is explaining grammar. The aim of this particular study was to explore the relationship between a teacher's metalinguistic awareness and her ability to explain a grammar point: how might the latter be affected by the former, and what might the latter reveal about the former? A number of teachers w.
Requirements engineering for cross-organizational ERP implementation undocumented assumptions and potential mismatches

A key issue in requirements engineering (RE) for enterprise resource planning (ERP) in a cross-organizational context is how to find a match between the ERP application modules and requirements for business coordination. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for analyzing coordination requirements in inter-organizational ERP projects from a coordination theory perspective. It considers the undocumented assumptions for coordination that may have significant implications for ERP adopting organizations. In addition, we build a library of existing coordination mechanisms supported by modern ERP systems, and use it to make a proposal for how to improve the match between ERP implementations and supported business coordination processes. We discuss the implications of our framework for practicing requirements engineers. Our framework and library are based on a literature survey and the experience with ERP implementation of one of us (Daneva). We further validate and refine our framework.
A Single Sex Pheromone Receptor Determines Chemical Response Specificity of Sexual Behavior in the Silkmoth Bombyx mori

In insects and other animals, intraspecific communication between individuals of the opposite sex is mediated in part by chemical signals called sex pheromones. In most moth species, male moths rely heavily on species-specific sex pheromones emitted by female moths to identify and orient towards an appropriate mating partner among a large number of sympatric insect species. The silkmoth, Bombyx mori, utilizes the simplest possible pheromone system, in which a single pheromone component, (E, Z)-10,12-hexadecadienol (bombykol), is sufficient to elicit full sexual behavior. We have previously shown that the sex pheromone receptor BmOR1 mediates specific detection of bombykol in the antennae of male silkmoths. However, it is unclear whether the sex pheromone receptor is the minimally sufficient determination factor that triggers initiation of orientation behavior towards a potential mate. Using transgenic silkmoths expressing the sex pheromone receptor PxOR1 of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella in BmOR1-expressing neurons, we show that the selectivity of the sex pheromone receptor determines the chemical response specificity of sexual behavior in the silkmoth. Bombykol receptor neurons expressing PxOR1 responded to its specific ligand, (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald), in a dose-dependent manner. Male moths expressing PxOR1 exhibited typical pheromone orientation behavior and copulation attempts in response to Z11-16:Ald and to females of P. xylostella. Transformation of the bombykol receptor neurons had no effect on their projections in the antennal lobe. These results indicate that activation of bombykol receptor neurons alone is sufficient to trigger full sexual behavior. Thus, a single gene defines behavioral selectivity in sex pheromone communication in the silkmoth. Our findings show that a single molecular determinant can not only function as a modulator of behavior but also as an all-or-nothing initiator of a complex species-specific behavioral sequence.
Assessment of women's satisfaction with medical termination of pregnancy

This was a prospective study involving 205 women seeking medical abortion with gestational age ⩽ 63 days. Questionnaires regarding expectations, experience and satisfaction with medical abortion were self-completed at the end of the procedure. Women's satisfaction was assessed using the visual analogue scale from 0 to 10. Satisfaction and acceptability parameters were correlated with socio-demographic and obstetric data. The mean degree of overall satisfaction was 8.3 (range 1 – 10). Around 90% of women would select the method again and would recommend it to a friend or relative. The degree of satisfaction showed a positive correlation with women's age (P < 0.001) and number of children (P < 0.05) and a significant negative correlation with gestational age (P < 0.005). Marital status, type of financial support and acceptable pain and bleeding experience also showed a correlation with the satisfaction score. On the other hand, acceptability was correlated with husband/partner agreement and support during the procedure and adequate counselling regarding pain and bleeding.
Long-term clinical course of a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB

Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III) is a rare genetic disorder caused by lysosomal storage of heparan sulfate. MPS IIIB results from a deficiency in the enzyme alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAGLU). Affected patients begin showing behavioral changes, progressive profound mental retardation, and severe disability from the age of 2 to 6 years. We report a patient with MPS IIIB with a long-term follow-up duration. He showed normal development until 3 years. Subsequently, he presented behavioral changes, sleep disturbance, and progressive motor dysfunction. He had been hospitalized owing to recurrent pneumonia and epilepsy with severe cognitive dysfunction. The patient had compound heterozygous c.1444C>T (p.R482W) and c.1675G>T (p.D559Y) variants of NAGLU. Considering that individuals with MPS IIIB have less prominent facial features and skeletal changes, evaluation of long-term clinical course is important for diagnosis. Although no effective therapies for MPS IIIB have been developed yet, early and accurate diagnosis can provide important information for family planning in families at risk of the disorder.
Unique Effects of Depressive and Anxious Symptomatology on Daily Stress and Coping

Abstract We used a 14-day diary design to evaluate the unique effects of college students' depressive and anxious symptomatology on the occurrence of specific types of daily events, primary and secondary appraisals, use of specific coping strategies, and end-of-day mood. Initial depression was associated with more negative secondary appraisals, less frequent use of social support coping, muted positive affective reactions to low stress ratings and high coping efficacy ratings, and stronger reductions in positive affect in response to emotion expression coping. In contrast, initial anxiety was associated with less frequent reporting of academic stressors and less effective use of problem-focused coping. These findings suggest that depression and anxiety have unique effects on the daily stress and coping process, and they support the construct validity of Clark and Watson's (1991) tripartite model of depression and anxiety.
An Immunogenic Peptide in the A-box of HMGB1 Protein Reverses Apoptosis-induced Tolerance through RAGE Receptor*♦

Background: The role of caspase-1 in regulating the immunogenic properties of HMGB1 has not been previously reported. Results: We have mapped a peptide in the A-box of HMGB1 that reverses tolerance through RAGE. Conclusion: Inflammasome signaling regulates the immunogenic activity of HMGB1. Significance: Immunogenic peptides within the HMGB1 A-box may be exploited to reverse immune tolerance in sepsis patients. Apoptotic cells trigger immune tolerance in engulfing phagocytes. This poorly understood process is believed to contribute to the severe immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to nosocomial infections observed in critically ill sepsis patients. Extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an important mediator of both sepsis lethality and the induction of immune tolerance by apoptotic cells. We have found that HMGB1 is sensitive to processing by caspase-1, resulting in the production of a fragment within its N-terminal DNA-binding domain (the A-box) that signals through the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) to reverse apoptosis-induced tolerance. In a two-hit mouse model of sepsis, we show that tolerance to a secondary infection and its associated mortality were effectively reversed by active immunization with dendritic cells treated with HMGB1 or the A-box fragment, but not a noncleavable form of HMGB1. These findings represent a novel link between caspase-1 and HMGB1, with potential therapeutic implications in infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Typology meets usage: The case of the prohibitive infinitive in Dutch

The article examines the striking correlation of the directive infinitive with negation in Dutch. This correlation is interpreted in the light of recent findings on the form of the prohibitive in the languages of the world and is explained in terms of the negative-first principle and politeness. The validity of the two explanations is further investigated from a cross-linguistic perspective. The preference for preverbal negation is shown to be even stronger in prohibitive than in declarative sentences. The difference in politeness between positive imperative and prohibitive speech acts is argued to be reflected in a wide range of languages. On the whole, the article illustrates the fruitful, two-way interaction between the study of language usage and typology.
Essential Roles of Natural Products and Gaseous Mediators on Neuronal Cell Death or Survival

Although precise cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration still remain enigmatic, key factors associated with degenerative disorders, such as glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress, have been recently identified. Accordingly, there has been growing interest in examining the effects of exogenous and endogenous molecules on neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. In this paper, we review recent studies on neuroprotective and/or neurodegenerative effects of natural products, such as caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, and gaseous mediators, including hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide. Furthermore, possible molecular mechanisms of these molecules in relation to glutamate signals are discussed. Insight into the pathophysiological role of these molecules will make progress in our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases, and is expected to lead to potential therapeutic approaches.
So You Thought the Intentions Model Was Simple? Cognitive Style and the Specification of Entrepreneurial Intentions Models

Intentions are central to entrepreneurial thinking and thus entrepreneurial action. We understand the critical antecedents of intentions, yet have not explored the pathways by which entrepreneurs arrive at this intent. In specific, how does a relatively stable measure of cognitive style influence nascent entrepreneurs' development of their intentionality? Not just differences in intentions but differences in the model itself. We examine the complex interaction of cognitive style with entrepreneurial intentions, finding evidence there are indeed multiple pathways to entrepreneurial intent. In particular, cognitive style had a dramatic effect on the specification of the formal intentions model, the first evidence that the formal intentions model need not be universal. That is, we can argue vigorously that entrepreneurs' intentions can evolve along different pathways: Two entrepreneurs might arrive at the same intention but through very different processes, possibly only because they differ on cognitive style. Given this, we discuss practical implications for entrepreneurship pedagogy and research.