Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Great Time Series Classification Bake Off: An Experimental Evaluation of Recently Proposed Algorithms. Extended Version

In the last five years there have been a large number of new time series classification algorithms proposed in the literature. These algorithms have been evaluated on subsets of the 47 data sets in the University of California, Riverside time series classification archive. The archive has recently been expanded to 85 data sets, over half of which have been donated by researchers at the University of East Anglia. Aspects of previous evaluations have made comparisons between algorithms difficult. For example, several different programming languages have been used, experiments involved a single train/test split and some used normalised data whilst others did not. The relaunch of the archive provides a timely opportunity to thoroughly evaluate algorithms on a larger number of datasets. We have implemented 18 recently proposed algorithms in a common Java framework and compared them against two standard benchmark classifiers (and each other) by performing 100 resampling experiments on each of the 85 datasets. We use these results to test several hypotheses relating to whether the algorithms are significantly more accurate than the benchmarks and each other. Our results indicate that only 9 of these algorithms are significantly more accurate than both benchmarks and that one classifier, the Collective of Transformation Ensembles, is significantly more accurate than all of the others. All of our experiments and results are reproducible: we release all of our code, results and experimental details and we hope these experiments form the basis for more rigorous testing of new algorithms in the future.
The scent of inbreeding: a male sex pheromone betrays inbred males

Inbreeding depression results from mating among genetically related individuals and impairs reproductive success. The decrease in male mating success is usually attributed to an impact on multiple fitness-related traits that reduce the general condition of inbred males. Here, we find that the production of the male sex pheromone is reduced significantly by inbreeding in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Other traits indicative of the general condition, including flight performance, are also negatively affected in male butterflies by inbreeding. Yet, we unambiguously show that only the production of male pheromones affects mating success. Thus, this pheromone signal informs females about the inbreeding status of their mating partners. We also identify the specific chemical component (hexadecanal) probably responsible for the decrease in male mating success. Our results advocate giving increased attention to olfactory communication as a major causal factor of mate-choice decisions and sexual selection.
Inflammation and Aortic Stiffness: An Individual Participant Data Meta‐Analysis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background The recent finding that aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) is increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease may explain why the cardiovascular risk is increased despite the low prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We aimed to test whether inflammation is associated with aortic stiffening in this setting after adjustment for major confounders and to perform subgroup analyses. Methods and Results A systematic literature search for aPWV in inflammatory bowel disease was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases (last accessed May 7, 2017). Inclusion criterion was peer‐reviewed publications on clinical studies reporting original data. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses of individual participant data 2015 guidelines. Data were provided for 4 cohorts in 3 countries (151 participants with ulcerative colitis, 159 with Crohn's disease, and 227 control patients). Using aPWV, cohort‐specific z scores were calculated after loge‐transform and combined in meta‐analysis to form pooled effects using a random‐effects model. Compared with controls, aPWV was increased in patients with Crohn's disease (mean difference 0.78 z score; 95% confidence interval, 0.56–1.00 z score [P<0.001]) and ulcerative colitis (mean difference 0.75 z score; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.97 z score [P<0.001]). In an outlier‐robust multivariate linear regression model adjusted for prespecified confounders, aPWV was associated with disease duration (years, β=0.05 z score; 95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.08 z score [P<0.001]) and white blood cell count (billion cells/L, β=0.07 z score; 95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.11 z score [P=0.002]) but not with markers of acute inflammation (C‐reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate), cardiovascular risk factors, and therapy. Conclusions The increased aPWV reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is associated with inflammation. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.crd. york.ac. uk. Unique identifier: PROSPERO 2016: CRD42016053070.
NaHS ameliorates diabetic vascular injury by correcting depressed connexin 43 and 40 in the vasculature in streptozotocin‐injected rats

Objectives Cardiovascular complication contributes an important role to morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. We hypothesized that these abnormalities are mainly mediated by oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and impaired intracellular communications. Thus, we examined vasoactivity and expression of connexin (Cx) 43 and 40, protein kinase C‐ɛ (PKCɛ) and NADPH oxidase of the vasculature of thoracic aorta in streptozotocin (STZ)‐injected rats, and whether NaHS could reverse these abnormalities compared with aminoguanidine.
Dissociating Source Memory Decisions in the Prefrontal Cortex: fMRI of Diagnostic and Disqualifying Monitoring

We used event-related fMRI to study two types of retrieval monitoring that regulate episodic memory accuracy: diagnostic and disqualifying monitoring. Diagnostic monitoring relies on expectations, whereby the failure to retrieve expected recollections prevents source memory misattributions (sometimes called the distinctiveness heuristic). Disqualifying monitoring relies on corroborative evidence, whereby the successful recollection of accurate source information prevents misattribution to an alternative source (sometimes called recall to reject). Using criterial recollection tests, we found that orienting retrieval toward distinctive recollections (colored pictures) reduced source memory misattributions compared with a control test in which retrieval was oriented toward less distinctive recollections (colored font). However, the corresponding neural activity depended on the type of monitoring engaged on these tests. Rejecting items based on the absence of picture recollections (i.e., the distinctiveness heuristic) decreased activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex relative to the control test, whereas rejecting items based on successful picture recollections (i.e., a recall-to-reject strategy) increased activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. There also was some evidence that these effects were differentially lateralized. This study provides the first neuroimaging comparison of these two recollection-based monitoring processes and advances theories of prefrontal involvement in memory retrieval.
Energy Storage : Optimal Sizing and Operations in the presence of Dynamic Pricing and Renewable Energy

A limited supply of existing fossil fuels together with the increasing demand for energy and the impending problem of the global climate change has motivated the need to incorporate a vast amount of renewable energy in our energy portfolio. Renewable sources are non-dispatchable sources that are both intermittent and uncertain in nature. At large penetration levels this variability can pose significant challenges in the operation of the power grid. This is because renewables introduce large ramps leading to grid stability issues amidst other concerns as listed in [Ene10]. Moreover, load-following with inefficient fast ramping generators offsets the very benefit of using renewables. One method in the emerging smart grid paradigm to mitigate the uncertainties introduced by renewables and promote system efficiency is the use of grid-level distributed energy storage devices. These devices facilitate power balancing as they delink the time of generation and consumption. However, storage is very expensive and its cost has been the main barrier in its deployment. Owing to their benefits, governments and industries have been significantly investing in the research and development of storage technologies and storage will be an integral part of the future smart grid. Our work broadly focuses on the interplay between renewable energy and storage in the presence of dynamic pricing. In particular, we want to quantify the value of storage, study tradeoff between storage value and capital cost and finally understand how other factors influence the storage value. In order to do so, we consider a setting involving conventional generation, renewable generation, elastic demand and energy storage. Here, any energy that is drawn from the conventional generation has a real-time price associated with it and any energy drawn from the renewable generation is assumed to have a zero marginal cost and hence free. We address two problems: optimal storage management problem and the optimal storage sizing problem. The goal in the management problem is to find an optimal policy to manage the energy storage device so as to minimize the cost of conventional generation used over a finite time horizon while satisfying the elastic demand at all times. The goal in the sizing problem is to both optimally manage and size the storage device to minimize the average cost of conventional generation used and the investment cost in storage, if any, over an infinite horizon while satisfying the elastic demand at all times. Through these problems we capture the main characteristics of the operations and decisions of a distributed renewable generator with energy storage devices. Consider for example renewable generators such as a solar or wind farm in industries, game parks, smart cities like Masdar, microgrids or even solar panels on roof tops of homes that aim to satisfy a local potentially elastic
THE OVARIAN STIMULATION EFFECTS ON MUC1 EXPRESSION OF THE MOUSE ENDOMETRIUM BEFORE IMPLANTATION

Background: Acceptance of uterus and reaction between endometrium and embryo has an important role for implantation. Muc1, an integral membrane mucin, is expressed on the apical surface of uterine epithelial cells and could have effects on its receptivity. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in Muc1 expression of gravid mouse endometrium with and without hyperstimulation before implantation. Materials and Methods: Adult female NMRI mice were divided into control and experimental groups. Experimental group superovulated using an intraperitoneal injection of Pregnant Mare’s Serum Gonadotrophin (PMSG) followed 48 hours later by another injection of Human Chorionic Gonadotropic hormone (HCG). The female mice have mated with normal male mice. All control and hyperstimulated groups subdivided into six groups. After mating, female mice were examined by vaginal plaque as day of zero and in 0-5 days after copulation, they were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Then the middle 1/3 parts of their uterine horns were obtained and stained by immunohistochemicaly technique for Muc-1 detection. Results: Our results showed that in the control and hyperstimulated groups, the Muc1 expression is markedly reduced in the luminal uterus epithelium at the time of implantation. Furthermore, luminal and glandular uterus epithelium did not exhibit the same decrease in Muc1 expression during the receptive phase. Conclusion: Ovarian hyperstimulation didn’t alter the Muc1 expression markedly in surface and glandular epithelium of endometrium, which could affect on its receptivity.
Uncovering the spatio-temporal dynamics of value-based decision-making in the human brain: a combined fMRI–EEG study

While there is a growing body of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence implicating a corpus of brain regions in value-based decision-making in humans, the limited temporal resolution of fMRI cannot address the relative temporal precedence of different brain regions in decision-making. To address this question, we adopted a computational model-based approach to electroencephalography (EEG) data acquired during a simple binary choice task. fMRI data were also acquired from the same participants for source localization. Post-decision value signals emerged 200 ms post-stimulus in a predominantly posterior source in the vicinity of the intraparietal sulcus and posterior temporal lobe cortex, alongside a weaker anterior locus. The signal then shifted to a predominantly anterior locus 850 ms following the trial onset, localized to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex. Comparison signals between unchosen and chosen options emerged late in the trial at 1050 ms in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, suggesting that such comparison signals may not be directly associated with the decision itself but rather may play a role in post-decision action selection. Taken together, these results provide us new insights into the temporal dynamics of decision-making in the brain, suggesting that for a simple binary choice task, decisions may be encoded predominantly in posterior areas such as intraparietal sulcus, before shifting anteriorly.
Solving Hard Coreference Problems

Coreference resolution is a key problem in natural language understanding that still escapes reliable solutions. One fundamental difficulty has been that of resolving instances involving pronouns since they often require deep language understanding and use of background knowledge. In this paper we propose an algorithmic solution that involves a new representation for the knowledge required to address hard coreference problems, along with a constrained optimization framework that uses this knowledge in coreference decision making. Our representation, Predicate Schemas, is instantiated with knowledge acquired in an unsupervised way, and is compiled automatically into constraints that impact the coreference decision. We present a general coreference resolution system that significantly improves state-of-the-art performance on hard, Winograd-style, pronoun resolution cases, while still performing at the stateof-the-art level on standard coreference resolution datasets.
Characteristics of high critical current density Josephson junctions with Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb trilayers

We fabricated high critical current density (high J/sub c/) Josephson junctions, up to 47 kA/cm/sup 2/, consisting of Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb trilayers by use of high vacuum dc magnetron sputtering (less than 10/sup -6/ Pa). The relationship Jc/spl prop/(Pt)/sup -0.5/ can be obtained up to 47 kA/cm/sup 2/, where P and t are pressure and time, respectively, in oxidizing an Al surface. In the high J/sub c/ junctions, microshorts existed in Al surfaces. A property peculiar to most of the high J/sub c/ junctions was a step appearing at 1/3 gap voltage on their I-V curves. Magnetic field dependence of this step was different from that of a Fiske step. <<ETX>>
Roscovitine-induced Apoptosis in Neutrophils and Neutrophil Progenitors Is Regulated by the Bcl-2-Family Members Bim, Puma, Noxa and Mcl-1

Neutrophil granulocyte (neutrophil) apoptosis plays a key role in determining inflammation in infectious and non-infectious settings. Recent work has shown that inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk) such as roscovitine can potently induce neutrophil apoptosis and reduce inflammation. Using a conditional Hoxb8-expression system we tested the participation of Bcl-2-family proteins to roscovitine-induced apoptosis in mouse neutrophils and in neutrophil progenitor cells. Bcl-2 strongly protected against roscovitine-induced apoptosis in neutrophils. The isolated loss of either Bim or noxa provided significant, partial protection while protection through combined loss of Bim and noxa or Bim and Puma was only slightly greater than this individual loss. The only substantial change in protein levels observed was the loss of Mcl-1, which was not transcriptional and was inhibited by proteasome blockade. In progenitor cells there was no protection by the loss of Bim alone but substantial protection by the loss of both Bim and Puma; surprisingly, strongest protection was seen by the isolated loss of noxa. The pattern of protein expression and Mcl-1-regulation in progenitor cells was very similar to the one observed in differentiated neutrophils. In addition, roscovitine strongly inhibited proliferation in progenitor cells, associated with an accumulation of cells in G2/M-phase.
The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation on tibia strength, morphology and inorganic content of broiler chickens

This study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) supplementation as a possible alternative to antibiotic growth promoters on bone breaking strength (BBS), tibia bone morphology and inorganic ash content in broiler chickens. A total of 2400 one-day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks of mixed sex were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments in six replications of 80 birds per pen. Dietary treatments were as follows: T1, positive control, 668 g salinomycin and 500 g zinc bacitracin per kg of feed; T2, T3 and T4, graded levels of MOLM, that is (starter (1, 3 and 5 g), grower (3, 9 and 15 g) and finisher (5, 15 and 25 g)) per kg of feed; and T5, a negative control (without supplementation). Birds were provided with feed and water ad libitum. Bodyweights (BW) and feed intake (FI) of broilers were measured weekly, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily gains were calculated accordingly. At 35 days (d) of age, 12 birds per treatment, two from each replicate pen, were randomly selected, stunned electrically at 70 volts, and slaughtered by cervical dislocation. Six left and right tibiae were randomly chosen from each treatment, without being de-fleshed, and were sealed individually in plastic bags to minimize moisture loss. The tibiae were stored at −18 oC for BBS and tibia ash determination, as well as analyses of their calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) composition. Of birds fed diets with higher MOLM levels, T4 had the highest BW, while T1 had the lowest. On days 7 and 21, birds on T4 had the highest average daily gain (ADG) and T1 the lowest, respectively. There were no significant dietary effects in FI on days 7, 21 and 35; while on days 21 and 35, FCR (feed : gain) was highest in MOLM-supplemented birds and lowest in T1 birds, respectively. There were no treatment effects on tibia length (TL), tibia weight (TW) and/or dried tibia weight (DW). A positive correlation (r = 0.667) was observed between TW and DW. There were no treatment effects on BBS and ash percentage, but tibia ash weight was highest in T4 and lowest in T2. Calcium percentage was highest in T1, and lowest in T2 and T5. Phosphorus percentage was lowest in T1 and highest in T5. The highest Ca : P ratio was obtained in T4. The positive correlation observed between BW, TW and TL, and the high P, Ca and ash levels in tibiae from MOLM-supplemented birds depicts the genetic relationship that exists among these parameters. Furthermore, it reveals the effectiveness of MOLM supplementation to enhance nutrient utilization efficiency, increase mineral bioavailability and support bone strength.
Dynamic Viral Dissemination in Mice Infected with Yellow Fever Virus Strain 17D

ABSTRACT Arboviruses such as yellow fever virus (YFV) are transmitted between arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts. While barriers limiting arbovirus population diversity have been observed in mosquitoes, whether barriers exist in vertebrate hosts is unclear. To investigate whether arboviruses encounter bottlenecks during dissemination in the vertebrate host, we infected immunocompetent mice and immune-deficient mice lacking alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) receptors (IFNAR−/− mice) with a pool of genetically marked viruses to evaluate dissemination and host barriers. We used the live attenuated vaccine strain YFV-17D, which contains many mutations compared with virulent YFV. We found that intramuscularly injected immunocompetent mice did not develop disease and that viral dissemination was restricted. Conversely, 32% of intramuscularly injected IFNAR−/− mice developed disease. By following the genetically marked viruses over time, we found broad dissemination in IFNAR−/− mice followed by clearance. The patterns of viral dissemination were similar in mice that developed disease and mice that did not develop disease. Unlike our previous results with poliovirus, these results suggest that YFV-17D encounters no major barriers during dissemination within a vertebrate host in the absence of the type I IFN response.
Random regular graphs of non-constant degree: distribution of edges and applications

In this work we analyze the distribution of the number of edges spanned by a single set and between two disjoint sets of vertices in the random regular graph model Gn,d in the range d = o( √ n). We show it to be very similar to that of the binomial random graph model, G(n, p) with p = d n . Some graph properties are known to exist solely based on the edge distribution of the graph. We demonstrate how our analysis can be used to prove the high probability of existence of such graph properties in the Gn,d probability space, specifically spectral gap and Hamiltonicity. Next, using our results on the distribution of edges spanned by a single set of vertices, we show that for every fixed ǫ > 0 and d = o(n), the chromatic number of Gn,d is concentrated in two consecutive values with probability at least 1− ǫ for large enough values of n.
Relationship Between Ways of Coping and Quality of Life in Married Women: Toward Mental Health Promotion

Background Adaptive ways of coping with stress are as a major component of mental health and also this is considered as a key element in quality of life. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between quality of life and coping mechanisms in married women ages between 18-65 years in order to develop appropriate intervention programs to promote mental health. Patients and Methods This study was a part of interventional project to mental health promotion in married women that completed through a cross sectional studies using two standard questionnaires: Ways of Coping (WOC) and Quality of Life questionnaire (WHO, QOL-BREF). Results The most and the least used ways in coping with stress were Planful Problem Solving and Confronting Coping. Considering the quality of life, the most and the least scores were related to social dimension and mental health. Also women who have higher quality of life used more Positive Reappraisal way and less Escape-Avoidance way to deal with stress (P < 0.05). Conclusions It seems that implementation of an appropriate interventional program related to adaptive ways of coping in order to deal with stress is effective in mental health and quality of life promotion.