Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The structural basis of cysteine aminoacylation of tRNAPro by prolyl-tRNA synthetases

Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase is an essential enzyme required for protein synthesis. Genes encoding this protein have not been identified in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus, or Methanopyrus kandleri. It has previously been proposed that the prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) enzymes in these organisms recognize either proline or cysteine and can aminoacylate their cognate tRNAs through a dual-specificity mechanism. We report five crystal structures at resolutions between 2.6 and 3.2 Å: apo M. jannaschii ProRS, and M. thermautotrophicus ProRS in apo form and in complex with cysteinyl-sulfamoyl-, prolyl-sulfamoyl-, and alanyl-sulfamoyl-adenylates. These aminoacyl-adenylate analogues bind to a single active-site pocket and induce an identical set of conformational changes in loops around the active site when compared with the ligand-free conformation of ProRS. The cysteinyl- and prolyl-adenylate analogues have similar, nanomolar affinities for M. thermautotrophicus ProRS. Homology modeling of tRNA onto these adenylate complexes places the 3′-OH of A76 in an appropriate position for the transfer of any of the three amino acids to tRNA. Thus, these structures explain recent biochemical experiments showing that M. jannaschii ProRS misacylates tRNAPro with cysteine, and argue against the proposal that these archaeal ProRS enzymes possess the dual capacity to aminoacylate both tRNAPro and tRNACys with their cognate amino acids.
Organizational Decision Making as a Political Process: The Case of a UniversityBudget.

The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Janice Barton, Karen Riley, and Ray Zammuto in the data collection and the support of the Bureau of Economic and Business Research at the University of Illinois. The effect of subunit power on resource allocation decisions in one university is examined. Measures of departmental power in a university are found to be significantly related to the proportion of the budget received, even after statistically controlling for such universalistic bases of allocation as work load of the department, national rank, and number of faculty. Subunit power in the organization is also related to the correlation between a subunit's resources-budget and instructional staff-and work load over time. The more powerful the department, the less the allocated resources are a function of departmental work load and student demand for course offerings. Subunit power is measured by both interviews of department heads and the analysis of archival records of departmental representation on major university committees. Intercorrelations between these measures of subunit power indicate that it is possible to obtain unobtrusive measures of organizational political systems without direct interviewing.
Religiosity and hope: a path for women coping with a diagnosis of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Both religiosity and hope are known for their positive role in coping with cancer. OBJECTIVE This study examines the mediating role of hope between religiosity and coping for women diagnosed with breast cancer. METHOD Israeli Jewish women with breast cancer (N=233) completed the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale, The Systems of Belief Inventory, and The Hope Scale. RESULTS By use of hierarchical regression, hope was found to be a mediator between religiosity and three coping styles. CONCLUSION Special attention should be given to the role of hope for religious patients because it increases the positive effects of religion in coping with cancer.
Correlations between magnetic resonance spectroscopy alterations and cerebral ammonia and glucose metabolism in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy is considered to be mainly caused by increased ammonia metabolism of the brain. If this hypothesis is true, cerebral glucose utilisation, which is considered to represent brain function, should be closely related to cerebral ammonia metabolism. The aim of the present study was to analyse whether cerebral ammonia and glucose metabolism in cirrhotic patients with early grades of hepatic encephalopathy are as closely related as could be expected from current hypotheses on hepatic encephalopathy. Methods: 13N-ammonia and 18F-fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were performed in 21 cirrhotic patients with grade 0–1 hepatic encephalopathy. Quantitative values of cerebral ammonia uptake and retention rate and glucose utilisation were derived for several regions of interest and were correlated with the MRS data of the basal ganglia, white matter and frontal cortex. Results: A significant correlation between plasma ammonia levels and cerebral ammonia metabolism, respectively, and MRS alterations could be shown only for white matter. In contrast, MRS alterations in all three regions studied were significantly correlated with the glucose utilisation of several brain regions. Cerebral ammonia and glucose metabolism were not correlated. Conclusion: Increase of cerebral ammonia metabolism is an important but not exclusive causal factor for the development of hepatic encephalopathy.
The effect of the source of nitrogen supplementation on nitrogen balance, rates of plasma leucine turnover, protein synthesis and degradation in sheep

Combined experiments of the isotope dilution method of [1-13C]leucine, open-circuit calorimetry and nitrogen (N) balance test were used to determine the effect of the source of N supplementation on N balance, whole body protein synthesis (WBPS) and degradation (WBPD) in sheep. The experiment was performed in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. The control diet consisted of timothy hay, ground maize and soybean meal. The urea diet was the control diet supplemented with 1.5% urea. The SBM diet contained the same N and metabolisable energy as the urea diet, which was reached by changing ground maize and soybean meal weights of the control diet. Nitrogen retention was greater (p < 0.05) for the urea diet than the control and SBM diets. Plasma urea concentrations were highest for the SBM diet, followed by the urea diet, and the control diet was lowest. The WBPS and WBPD did not differ between diets, but were numerically lower for the urea and SBM diets. These results suggest that in sheep, urea supplementation influenced N retention without clear changes in WBPS and WBPD.
White Studies revisited

In 1995 James Saynor felt able to write that ‘It would be hard to imagine someone writing a book about what it means to white’. Such a remark seems quaint today. However, it remains the case that those authors who are addressing the topic often feel the need to assert the importance of whiteness against a wider audience that is perceived to be sceptical or indifferent. Paradoxically, the supposedly new field of White Studies is characterized by the argument that whiteness still matters. The evidence that whiteness does still matter is overwhelming. The five books which I will critically engage in this review article are all based on the oral or written testimony of US-American Ethnic and Racial Studies Vol. 31 No. 1 January 2008 pp. 185 196
Predictions of Migration from the New Member States after Their Accession into the European Union: Successes and Failures 1

This article evaluates predictions of the level of migration from Central and Eastern European countries which joined the European Union in 2004. It does so by comparing observed levels of migration from the new Member States with predictions based on a 2002 Eurobarometer survey. This comparison demonstrates that the failures of previous approaches were due mainly to underestimating the complex relationship between regional and international migration. In contrast to the situation in EU 15, the propensity to migrate regionally within the accession states does not imply a greater potential for international migration. This article shows that GDP was a strong predictor of migration from the new Member States during the 2004 to 2006 period. Equally important, the research presented demonstrates that well-chosen survey variables have the potential to provide accurate measurements of migration intentions.
An architecture for collaboratively assembled moderated information bearing Web sites

As originally conceived, the World-Wide Web was intended for the purpose of sharing information. Many Web sites realise this aim by publishing pages from a data repository which supports browsing and searching. Building such a site is challenging in the first place, but since the information to be published will be spread among the community who wish to share the data, maintenance is an even greater challenge. In this case, the developers must continuously solicit, receive, moderate and integrate new information into the Web site. The additional task of moderation is considerably more time consuming even than the initial Web site construction and requires appropriate tools to expedite the process. This paper describes the prototype of an architecture for constructing Web sites which take part in a cycle of publishing and receiving data, in which the pages also solicit fresh information by the use of forms and E-mail. The architecture facilitates both site construction and maintenance, by allowing the date to be declaratively specified and then generating the data repository, Web pages and moderating program automatically.
Spin and charge pumping in magnetic tunnel junctions with precessing magnetization: A nonequilibrium Green function approach

We study spin and charge currents pumped by precessing magnetization of a single ferromagnetic layer within FIN or FIF F-ferromagnet; I-insulator; N-normal metal multilayers of nanoscale thickness attached to two normal-metal electrodes with no applied bias voltage between them. Both simple one-dimensional model, consisting of a single precessing spin and a potential barrier as the “sample,” and realistic threedimensional devices are investigated. In the rotating reference frame, where the magnetization appears to be static, these junctions are mapped onto a four-terminal dc circuit whose effectively half-metallic ferromagnetic electrodes are biased by the frequency /e of microwave radiation driving magnetization precession at the ferromagnetic resonance FMR conditions. We show that pumped spin current in FIF junctions, diminished behind the tunnel barrier and increased in the opposite direction, is filtered into charge current by the second F layer to generate dc pumping voltage of the order of 1 V at FMR frequency 10 GHz in an open circuit. In FIN devices, several orders of magnitude smaller charge current and the corresponding dc voltage appear concomitantly with the pumped spin current due to barrier induced asymmetry in the transmission coefficients connecting the four electrodes in the rotating-frame picture of pumping.
Effects of the Clarion Electrode Positioning System on auditory thresholds and comfortable loudness levels in pediatric patients with cochlear implants.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of using the Electrode Positioning System on psychophysical auditory thresholds, most comfortable loudness levels, and electric auditory brainstem response (EABR) thresholds in children with the Clarion version 1.2 cochlear implant. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING Academic tertiary care center. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical records of a series of 25 children who received the Clarion version 1.2 cochlear implant at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, between January 1997 and August 1999 were examined. Measures evaluated were psychophysical thresholds (T-levels) and most comfortable loudness levels (M-levels) obtained at the 3-month posthookup audiologic evaluation and EABR thresholds obtained during implant surgery. Relevant threshold measures were available for 24 patients, 11 of whom had received the Clarion spiral electrode and electrode positioner (EP group) and 13 of whom had received the spiral electrode without positioner (non-EP group). The 3 measures (T-levels, M-levels, and EABR thresholds) were compared across groups. In addition, EABR thresholds were compared with T-levels and M-levels within groups. RESULTS Mean T-levels and M-levels were significantly lower for the EP group than for the non-EP group, and interpatient variability for these measures was considerably smaller in the EP group. Electric auditory brainstem response thresholds were not significantly different for EP vs non-EP patients; however, EABR data were available for only a few non-EP patients. CONCLUSIONS Use of the electrode positioner results in lower T-levels and M-levels in children with the Clarion version 1.2 cochlear implant, consistent with results of previous studies in adults, and reduces across-patient variability for these measures. It is unclear from the present data whether use of the electrode positioner systematically reduces intraoperative EABR thresholds.
PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF ITS CONCEPTUALIZATIONS, MEASUREMENT, AND IMPLICATIONS

This article presents a comprehensive definition and conceptual model of person-organization fit that incorporates supplementary as well as complementary perspectives on fit. To increase the precision of the construct's definition, it is also distinguished from other forms of environmental compatibility, silch as person-group and person-vocation fit. Once defined, commensurate measurement as it relates to supplementary and complementary fit is discussed and recommendations are offered regarding the necessity of its use. A distinction is made between the direct measurement of perceived fit and the indirect measurement of actual person-organization fit, using both cross- and individual-level techniques, and the debate regarding differences scores is reviewed. These definitional and measurement issues frame a review of the existing literature, as well as provide the basis for specific research propositions and suggestions for managerial applications.
A Low Cost Generator Concept for Energy Harvesting Applications

This paper examines piezoelectric disc benders as energy generators for self-powered systems. PZT-steel composites are sensitive to low frequency stimuli and furthermore to aperiodic excitation e.g. by pressure pulses. A coupled-field FE analysis was carried out to evaluate the electrical output for different disc sizes. The numerical model serves as a tool to specify the properties of the disc benders for different load applications. Beside a replacement of passive damper systems and a harvesting of dissipated energy, piezoelectric disc benders can retrieve information from their ambience and hence operate as self-sufficient sensors. Low cost parts and the simple mechanical bearing were chosen to maximize the output of the generator and especially to push energy harvesting devices towards practical applications.
Anxiety Assessment: Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Burns Anxiety Inventory

Abstract The main purpose of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Burns Anxiety Inventory (Burns-A: Burns, 1993). The sample consisted of 417 participants, 387 (29.71% male) healthy participants (control group: M = 35.5 years; SD = 8.40) and 30 (36.66% female) patients (clinical group: M = 35.8 years; SD = 12.94). The internal consistency evaluated through Cronbach’ Alpha was 0.95 for the Total Score in both subsamples. The test-retest reliability (two weeks) for Total Score was 0.86 (F = 13.2, p ≤ .001) for the non-clinical subsample, and 0.95 (F = 36.5, p ≤ .001) for the clinical subsample. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the initial three-factor model. However, modifications to the initial three-factor model improved the goodness-of-fit indices. Results showed statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the Burns-A between the clinical and control groups. This study supports the Spanish version of the Burns-A as a brief and useful tool for the screening of anxiety symptoms in adult populations. Future studies should investigate measurement invariance across cultures.
Chronotype and PERIOD3 Variable Number Tandem Repeat Polymorphism in Individual Sports Athletes

A link between diurnal preference and a variable number tandem-repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the PERIOD3 gene (PER3) has been demonstrated: the longer PER35 and shorter PER34 alleles with preferences for mornings and evenings, respectively. As many competitive events in South Africa for individual athletes are scheduled for the early mornings, we hypothesized that this might favor those athletes with a preference for morning activities. Self-selected white, male cyclists (CYC, n = 125), runners (RUN, n = 120) and Ironman triathletes (IM, n = 287) of European descent were compared with a control population of active, non-competitive individuals (CON, n = 96). The chronotypes of all CYC, RUN and CON participants and a sub-sample of the IM group (n = 49) were assessed using the Horne–Östberg Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire, and the PER3 VNTR genotype for each participant was determined. The athlete groups contained more morning-type individuals than the CON group (CYC: 72%, n = 90; RUN: 67%, n = 80; IM: 59%, n = 29; CON: 41%, n = 39; p < .001). The prevalence of the PER35 allele was greater in the athlete groups (CYC: 61%, n = 152; RUN: 58%, n = 132; IM: 56%, n = 324; CON: 38%, n = 76; p < .001), and more athletes were genotyped as PER35/5 than CON individuals (CYC: 41%, n = 51; RUN: 23%, n = 26; IM: 28%, n = 81, CON: 9%, n = 8; p < .001). A strong relationship between chronotype and PER3 VNTR genotype was observed (p < .001). Finally, the time of day at which the athletes preferred to train was related to their chronotype (p < .001). This is the first study of its kind in a South African sporting population, and the results have not yet been replicated. These data suggest that white males of European descent participating in individual endurance sports in South Africa are more likely to be morning types. Furthermore, the PER3 VNTR may be one of the factors contributing to this observation. (Author correspondence: laura.roden@uct.ac.za)
Peptidoglycan-linked protein A promotes T cell-dependent antibody expansion during Staphylococcus aureus infection

Significance Staphylococcus aureus infection of humans is associated with immunoglobulin expansions but not with the development of immunity against recurrent disease. The mechanism whereby staphylococci manipulate the host immune system to block adaptive immunity is not known. We show here that S. aureus infection of mice is also associated with immunoglobulin expansions and that staphylococcal protein A (SpA), a molecule that cross-links B-cell receptors, is both necessary and sufficient for this immune evasion mechanism. Further, SpA requires covalent linkage to bacterial peptidoglycan and CD4 T-cell help to manipulate the immunoglobulin responses of infected hosts. Our results provide insights into microbial signaling mechanisms for B-cell activation and antibody development. A hallmark of Staphylococcus aureus disease in humans is persistent infections without development of protective immune responses. Infected patients generate VH3 plasmablast expansions and increased VH3 idiotype Ig; however, the mechanisms for staphylococcal modification of immune responses are not known. We report here that S. aureus-infected mice generate VH3 antibody expansions via a mechanism requiring MHC-restricted antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells and staphylococcal protein A (SpA), a cell wall-anchored surface molecule that binds Fcγ and VH3 variant heavy chains of Ig. VH3 expansion occurred with peptidoglycan-linked SpA from the bacterial envelope but not with recombinant SpA, and optimally required five tandem repeats of its Ig-binding domains. Signaling via receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) was essential for implementing peptidoglycan-linked SpA superantigen activity. VH3 clan IgG from S. aureus-infected or SpA-treated animals was not pathogen-specific, suggesting that SpA cross-linking of VH3 idiotype B-cell receptors and activation via attached peptidoglycan are the determinants of staphylococcal escape from adaptive immune responses.
“But I’m oppressed too”: white male college students framing racial emotions as facts and recreating racism

Most analyses of racism focus on what people think about issues of race and how this relates to racial stratification. This research applies Feagin’s white racial frame to analyze how White male college students at two universities feel about racism. Students at the academically non-selective and less diverse university tended to be apathetic while those attending the academically selective and more racially diverse campus tended to be angry. This study highlights the interconnectedness of affective and cognitive responses to race: two areas integral to both the maintenance and dismantling of systemic racism. It also highlights how men frequently frame emotions as facts, which can also support racial stratification.
Anger rumination and self‐reported aggression amongst British and Hong Kong Chinese athletes: A cross cultural comparison

Abstract Previous work has determined relationships between provocation, anger rumination, and aggression in British athletes (Maxwell, 2004); however, the reliability of these findings and their generality across diverse cultures have not been examined. Therefore, a comparison of British and Hong Kong (HK) Chinese athletes’ propensity for rumination and aggression was undertaken. Provocation and thoughts of revenge were significantly associated with the self‐reported aggression of both British and HK Chinese athletes. Frequency of aggression was similar across cultures except for a tendency for British male contact sport athletes to report greater frequency of aggressive behavior. HK Chinese athletes tended to report higher frequencies of thoughts relating to understanding the causes of anger and higher incidence of perceived provocation. It was concluded that the pattern of aggressive behavior was similar across the two cultures when opportunities for aggression are infrequent, but that HK Chinese athletes may inhibit aggressive responding even when opportunities are frequent