Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network Effects and Data Breaches: Investigating the Impact of Information Sharing and the Cyber Black Market

This paper was motivated by the growing data breach activities confronting organizations. Building on the literature on information sharing and network effects, we attempt to empirically examine how the number of security breaches may change as a result of two opposing network effects in the data breach battlefield, namely, the positive network effects driven by industry-wide information sharing efforts, and the negative network effects driven by the supply and demand changes in the underground cybercrime ecosystem, and whether a feedback loop can be formed so that the information sharing efforts can influence the costs and availability of malicious tools and suppress their demand. As one of the first studies to empirically examine the dynamics in the cybercrime economy, our research will provide important policy guidance to improve collaborative mechanisms to enhance industry wide information security, and illuminate a new way to monitor and curtail the flow of cyber-criminal activities.
Validity and repeatability of a new test for aniseikonia.

PURPOSE The Aniseikonia Inspector 1.1 (AI) is a new software product to measure aniseikonia using red-green anaglyphs. The purpose of this study was to test whether the AI is a valid and reliable test. METHODS There were two groups of sample subjects: one at risk of aniseikonia, with anisometropia greater than or equal to 1.00 D (n= 29), and a control group (n= 45). The validity was studied by comparing the measured aniseikonia with the aniseikonia simulated with size lenses. The reliability was estimated by the Bland-Altman statistical method. RESULTS The results showed that the AI underestimated aniseikonia and that the underestimation was greater in the horizontal than in the vertical direction. The reliability was low, with biases that were clinically insignificant, but the 95% limits of agreement were around +/-2%. The behavior of the test was similar in both groups of subjects. CONCLUSIONS The reliability of the AI is only moderate, and professionals are therefore warned to use the results of this test with caution.
The positive perception of reduced gang violence through a public safety initiative

Gang violence poses a significant concern for the police and the public. In response, in 2008 policing agencies in British Columbia introduced Restaurant Watch, a targeted strategy aiming to deter unwanted gang-involved patrons from attending participating restaurants. In response to a lack of research, the present study examines the perceived success of the programme, through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders participating in the programme. The findings suggest the programme has value based on three important themes: (1) impact on public safety; (2) importance of partnership and open dialogue; and (3) ability to deter inadmissible patrons from participating establishments.
Double contradiction of schooling: class reproduction and working-class agency at vocational schools in China

Abstract Situating in the different social, political and cultural contexts of schooling in China, which is more embedded in mixed neoliberal value, authoritarian state control and collective morality, we use a somewhat different theoretical angle to understand the process of ‘learning to labour’ and the reproduction of working class at school and at work. Our study extends the horizon of Willis’ analysis of cultural reproduction at school by seriously analysing students’ work experiences through their internship at the site of production. Taking a sociological rather than cultural analysis approach, we re-conceptualize working-class agency embedded in a double contradiction of schooling as a site of contestation. This double contradiction is generated by conflicting experiences caused by inevitable conflicts among the three spheres of material production, social reproduction and cultural reproduction in educating ideal labour subjects to serve the state, market and family, providing fertile soil for re-negotiating working-class solidarity.
Stabilizing and Improving the Learning Speed of 2-Layered LSTM Network

This paper presents a novel method to initialize the LSTM network weights in order to improve and stabilize the learning speed, based on Nguyen and Widrowpsilas work for MLP networks. The derived equations for weight initialization are based on the study of the behavior of the memory cells output in the hidden layer. To test and evaluate the proposed method, we use a 2-Layered LSTM network to approximate one and two dimensional real non-linear functions. The obtained results show that our initialization method improves the training process.
Adaptive Deployment Scheme for Mobile Relays in Substitution Networks

We present how the mobility of routers impacts the performance of a wireless substitution network. To that end, we simulate a scenario where a wireless router moves between three static nodes, a source and two destinations of UDP traffic. Specifically, our goal is to deploy or redeploy the mobile relays so that application-level requirements, such as data delivery or latency, are met. Our proposal for a mobile relay achieves these goals by using an adaptive approach to self-adjust their position based on local information. We obtain results on the performance of end-to-end delay, jitter, loss percentage, and throughput under such mobility pattern for the mobile relay. We show how the proposed solution is able to adapt to topology changes and to the evolution of the network characteristics through the usage of limited neighborhood knowledge.
Face recognition using augmented local binary pattern and Bray Curtis dissimilarity metric

The panorama of face recognition is to find the dissimilarity features that can be used to discriminate individuals for their recognition. The holistic face recognition methods available in the literature perform well in the controlled environments. These methods may not appropriate to identify people through their faces in uncontrolled environments such as changes in pose, facial expression and illumination. However, the feature based methods address the issues of face recognition in uncontrolled environments to a certain extent. Therefore, the biometric researchers are trying to devise the face recognition methods that perform optimally in uncontrolled environments. This paper presents a novel method of face recognition in uncontrolled environments that works with local binary pattern of facial images and compute the dissimilarity among them using Bray Curtis dissimilarity metric. A novel concept of filtering the LBP surface texture is developed. The proposed method we called as “augmented local binary” pattern ((ALBP)) works on a combination of the principle of locality of uniform and non-uniform patterns. It replaces non-uniform patterns with the majority value of uniform patterns and combined with neighboring uniform patterns to extract valuable information regarding local descriptors. The proposed method is tested on different databases consisting uncontrolled facial images such as extended Yale B, Yale A and our database. The experimental results show that the proposed method performs better at recognizing faces in uncontrolled environments such as the facial expression, illumination, and mild pose changes.
Gendered discourses in coaching high-performance sport

One of the most important sources of knowledge coaches draw on to inform their practice is their experience of being coached themselves. These experiences are gendered. To date, however, relatively little research is available that indicates how coaches do gender in their discursive coaching practices. We used a Foucauldian lens to explore discourses drawn on by 12 international elite rowing coaches to legitimate their ‘regimes of truth’ in their thinking about elite women rowers. Although they professed to treat everyone the same regardless of gender, they drew on discourses that constituted their women athletes as inferior to various implicit male norms. We suggest that coaches are reproducing the discourses about gender into which they were disciplined during their athletic careers and regard these as ‘regimes of truth’ in their own coaching practice. We discuss the implications of these findings with regard to the perpetuation of the gendering of coaching and conclude that the normalization of men and the gendered hierarchy in sport remains largely unchallenged.
Synthesis of Noise Effects on Wildlife Populations

This report contains a partial summary of a literature review dealing with the effect of noise on wildlife emphasizing the effects on birds. Beginning with studies in the Netherlands and, later, in the United States, a series of studies have indicated that road noise has a negative effect on bird populations (particularly during breeding) in a variety of species. These effects can be significant with ‘effect distances’ (i.e., those within which the density of birds is reduced) of two to three thousand meters from the road. In these reports, the effect distances increase with the density of traffic on the road being greatest near large, multilane highways with high densities. A similar effect has been reported for both grassland and woodland species. It is important to note that 1) not all species have shown this effect and 2) some species show the opposite response, increasing in numbers near roads or utilizing rights-of-way. It is important to determine the cause of this effect and to utilize additional or alternative methods beyond population densities as the sole measure of effect distance, because the latter is susceptible to variation due to changes in overall population density. Recommendations for further study are given, including alternative measures of disturbance in birds.
Co-opting Feminism: How brands hijack social movements - A comparative study of the illustrative cases 'Redfit' & 'Ladylike'

Purpose: The purpose and aim with this research was to understand how brands successfully can co-opt a social movement; specifically feminism, as part of their brand building-strategies. The phenomenon was explored by comparing one successful case, Libresse’s ‘RedFit’ campaign, with a relatively the less successful case; that is, H&M’s ‘Ladylike’ campaign. Methodology: This study takes a relativist stance and adopts a social constructivist position of the research phenomenon. It followed an abductive approach and applied a qualitative research design with a multiple case- study strategy, in which the two cases have been selected based on their representation of two oppositional outcomes. The study further applied a mixed-method approach, in which different data collection methods allowed us to gain a multifaceted perspective on the phenomenon. Theoretical perspective: In accordance with our abductive approach, the study first focused on reviewing the body of literature that was relevant for the research purpose. In terms of theories used we adopted an eclectic approach by combining an existing framework that explores the fit between two entities with a second one derived from Consumer-Company Identification theory, which supplemented with theories on authenticity helped us assess the crucial elements of what constitutes a successful co-option of a social movement. Empirical data: This study applies a mixed method approach of the data collection, in which we conducted two semi-structured executive interviews and three focus group sessions with customers of both brands. This was supported by secondary data consisting of document studies, which included media material and campaign videos analyzed by a semiotic approach. Conclusion: By referring to the developed framework for this context, our study has shown validity that a brand can successfully co-opt a social movement based on two main aspects; first, if it is able to demonstrate trustworthiness, altruism and integrity; and second, by resonating with consumers on an identification level by showing upon identity coherence, identity prestige and identity distinctiveness.
Genetic Structure And Gene Flow Barriers Among Populations Of An Alpine Bumble Bee (Bombus Balteatus) In The Central Rocky Mountains

This study investigated the relative extent of genetic connectance among populations of Bombus balteatus, an ecologically important native bumble bee species in alpine habitats of the central Rocky Mountains, Colorado. This species has experienced recent declines in relative abundance, likely facilitated by climate-mediated decreases in floral resources coupled with increased competition from upwardly mobile lowland Bombus species. I examined population genetic structure (microsatellites) and estimated habitat suitability (MaxEnt) and connectivity (Circuitscape). My data suggest that populations of B. balteatus have low but significant pairwise population genetic differentiation, with evidence of inbreeding that may be a result of evident population structuring. Structure analysis revealed six genetic clusters among the nine populations sampled, with two clearly defined groups. Populations did not exhibit isolation by distance nor isolation by resistance. Habitat suitability was predicted to occur at high elevations in areas with high perennial snow and ice, with high habitat connectivity along high elevation ridgelines, while dispersal appeared to be limited by low elevation forested valleys and major highways. Results suggest that there may not be direct barriers to gene flow, rather the current arrangement of suitable habitat at the regional scale may sufficiently explain the observed levels of population differentiation.
Mis-specified cells die by an active gene-directed process, and inhibition of this death results in cell fate transformation in Drosophila

Incorrectly specified or mis-specified cells often undergo cell death or are transformed to adopt a different cell fate during development. The underlying cause for this distinction is largely unknown. In many developmental mutants in Drosophila, large numbers of mis-specified cells die synchronously, providing a convenient model for analysis of this phenomenon. The maternal mutant bicoid is particularly useful model with which to address this issue because its mutant phenotype is a combination of both transformation of tissue (acron to telson) and cell death in the presumptive head and thorax regions. We show that a subset of these mis-specified cells die through an active gene-directed process involving transcriptional upregulation of the cell death inducer hid. Upregulation of hid also occurs in oskar mutants and other segmentation mutants. In hid bicoid double mutants, mis-specified cells in the presumptive head and thorax survive and continue to develop, but they are transformed to adopt a different cell fate. We provide evidence that the terminal torso signaling pathway protects the mis-specified telson tissue in bicoid mutants from hid-induced cell death, whereas mis-specified cells in the head and thorax die, presumably because equivalent survival signals are lacking. These data support a model whereby mis-specification can be tolerated if a survival pathway is provided, resulting in cellular transformation.
AutoExtend: Extending Word Embeddings to Embeddings for Synsets and Lexemes

We present \textit{AutoExtend}, a system to learn embeddings for synsets and lexemes. It is flexible in that it can take any word embeddings as input and does not need an additional training corpus. The synset/lexeme embeddings obtained live in the same vector space as the word embeddings. A sparse tensor formalization guarantees efficiency and parallelizability. We use WordNet as a lexical resource, but AutoExtend can be easily applied to other resources like Freebase. AutoExtend achieves state-of-the-art performance on word similarity and word sense disambiguation tasks.
PANCASILA VALUES IN ORGANIZING THE COMMUNITY SECURITY AND ORDER BASED ON NEW PUBLIC SERVICE PARADIGM

Pancasila as Indonesia’s ideology contains the state’s idea, norm, and foundation in achieving the objective. Pancasila serves as the basis of state becoming the guideline in every state organization. It means that every life order in state and nation should build on Pancasila values, including the organization of community security and order. The community security and order (Indonesian: Kamtibmas) is basic service the state should provide to its citizens. On the other hand, public administration science presents a new development in State organization, particularly in public service. New Public Service is a paradigm in public administration science positioning the citizen to be the subject of research. Denhardt and Denhardt (2007) mentions that there 7 (seven) main ideas in New Public Service paradigm: Serve Citizen, Not Customers, Seek the Public Interest, Value Citizenship over entrepreneurship, Think Strategically, Act Democratically, Recognized that Accountability is not Simple, Serve rather than Steer, and Value people, not just productivity. Some principles or basic ideas in New Public Service ideally become every apparatus’ reference in providing public service to the public. This research described the application of Pancasila values in organizing community security and order based on New Public Service Paradigm. This study was a descriptive qualitative research. Techniques of collecting data used were interview, observation, and document analysis. Informants were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data validation was carried out using data triangulation technique, while data analysis using an interactive model of analysis. Keywords: Pancasila, New Public Service, Community Security and Order
The ITALK Project: A Developmental Robotics Approach to the Study of Individual, Social, and Linguistic Learning

This article presents results from a multidisciplinary research project on the integration and transfer of language knowledge into robots as an empirical paradigm for the study of language development in both humans and humanoid robots. Within the framework of human linguistic and cognitive development, we focus on how three central types of learning interact and co-develop: individual learning about one's own embodiment and the environment, social learning (learning from others), and learning of linguistic capability. Our primary concern is how these capabilities can scaffold each other's development in a continuous feedback cycle as their interactions yield increasingly sophisticated competencies in the agent's capacity to interact with others and manipulate its world. Experimental results are summarized in relation to milestones in human linguistic and cognitive development and show that the mutual scaffolding of social learning, individual learning, and linguistic capabilities creates the context, conditions, and requisites for learning in each domain. Challenges and insights identified as a result of this research program are discussed with regard to possible and actual contributions to cognitive science and language ontogeny. In conclusion, directions for future work are suggested that continue to develop this approach toward an integrated framework for understanding these mutually scaffolding processes as a basis for language development in humans and robots.
In Vivo Activation of Channelrhodopsin-2 Reveals That Normal Patterns of Spontaneous Activity Are Required for Motoneuron Guidance and Maintenance of Guidance Molecules

Spontaneous, highly rhythmic episodes of propagating bursting activity are present early during the development of chick and mouse spinal cords. Acetylcholine, and GABA and glycine, which are both excitatory at this stage, provide the excitatory drive. It was previously shown that a moderate decrease in the frequency of bursting activity, caused by in ovo application of the GABAA receptor blocker, picrotoxin, resulted in motoneurons making dorsal–ventral (D-V) pathfinding errors in the limb and in the altered expression of guidance molecules associated with this decision. To distinguish whether the pathfinding errors were caused by perturbation of the normal frequency of bursting activity or interference with GABAA receptor signaling, chick embryos were chronically treated in ovo with picrotoxin to block GABAA receptors, while light activation by channelrhodopsin-2 was used to restore bursting activity to the control frequency. The restoration of normal patterns of neural activity in the presence of picrotoxin prevented the D-V pathfinding errors in the limb and maintained the normal expression levels of EphA4, EphB1, and polysialic acid on neural cell adhesion molecule, three molecules previously shown to be necessary for this pathfinding choice. These observations demonstrate that developing spinal motor circuits are highly sensitive to the precise frequency and pattern of spontaneous activity, and that any drugs that alter this activity could result in developmental defects.
Cell-Phone Addiction: A Review

We present a review of the studies that have been published about addiction to cell phones. We analyze the concept of cell-phone addiction as well as its prevalence, study methodologies, psychological features, and associated psychiatric comorbidities. Research in this field has generally evolved from a global view of the cell phone as a device to its analysis via applications and contents. The diversity of criteria and methodological approaches that have been used is notable, as is a certain lack of conceptual delimitation that has resulted in a broad spread of prevalent data. There is a consensus about the existence of cell-phone addiction, but the delimitation and criteria used by various researchers vary. Cell-phone addiction shows a distinct user profile that differentiates it from Internet addiction. Without evidence pointing to the influence of cultural level and socioeconomic status, the pattern of abuse is greatest among young people, primarily females. Intercultural and geographical differences have not been sufficiently studied. The problematic use of cell phones has been associated with personality variables, such as extraversion, neuroticism, self-esteem, impulsivity, self-identity, and self-image. Similarly, sleep disturbance, anxiety, stress, and, to a lesser extent, depression, which are also associated with Internet abuse, have been associated with problematic cell-phone use. In addition, the present review reveals the coexistence relationship between problematic cell-phone use and substance use such as tobacco and alcohol.