Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability of the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale During Toddlerhood

The quality of the maternal-child feeding interaction has been proposed to be an important contributor to a child's being overweight, yet assessment of this proposition has been hindered by a lack of age-appropriate instrumentation. The primary aim of this study was to examine the reliability of the Nursing Child Assessment of Feeding Scale (NCAFS) if extended to use during toddlerhood. A longitudinal design was used to assess NCAFS reliability at 12, 24, and 36 months. The NCAFS was used to code videotaped feeding observations of 116 mother–toddler dyads collected as part of a larger study examining mother–child interactions and adaptations of toddlers. Reliability was explored through the assessment of interrater reliability, internal consistency of the various subscales and the scale as a whole, and stability of the scale measurements over time. At each age, interrater reliability was generally quite good whereas the NCAFS' internal consistency was low. Maternal contributions to feeding interaction quality were stable over time but dyadic and child contributions were not. The lower internal consistency estimates were likely due to relatively low levels of variance among the dyads within each age. Another probable contributor to diminished internal consistency was the attrition of several behavior items due to zero variance. Possible explanations for this restriction of variance and several approaches for improving the NCAFS internal consistency during toddlerhood are considered. With revision, the NCAFS could be useful in assessment of feeding interaction quality during the transition to toddlerhood when issues of control and autonomy become increasingly prominent.
Transfer of interfered motor patterns to self from others

Previous behavioural and neuroimaging data on humans demonstrated that kinematics and the level of brain activity vary according to whether participants reach towards and grasp a target object presented in isolation or flanked by a distractor object. Here we seek to explore whether a differential activation can be revealed by the mere observation of another person grasping an object in isolation or alongside a distractor. To this end we used event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging to localize neural activity related to action observation that was influenced by the presence of a distractor object. We found that observing a human model reaching‐to‐grasp a three‐dimensional target alongside a distractor elicits a differential level of activation in a network of areas typically involved during action observation: the dorsal sectors of the premotor cortex and the inferior frontal gyrus. Whereas our previous understanding of the human action observation system has been restricted to actions directed to single objects, we provide compelling evidence that areas within this network modulate with respect to the context in which the observed action takes place. This may prove to be a fundamental process for our understanding of how others' actions can be represented at a neural level.
Simulated Annealing for the 0/1 Multidimensional Knapsack Problem

In this paper a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is presented for the 0 / 1 multidimensional knapsack problem. Problem-speciﬁc knowledge is incorporated in the algorithm description and evaluation of parameters in order to look into the performance of ﬁnite-time implementations of SA. Computational results show that SA performs much better than a genetic algorithm in terms of solution time, whilst having a modest loss of solution quality
DA-MLAR-ODTP: Directional Antenna Multipath Location Aided Routing with On Demand Transmission Power

This paper studies a directional antenna multi-path location aided routing (DA-MLAR) scheme with on demand transmission power support. The targeted application contexts include communications in space networks, where efficient and reliable packet delivery is very challenging due to the high bit error rate, intermittent connectivity, limited bandwidth and energy. This research enhances our DA-MLAR protocol with on demand transmission power (ODTP) capability. By using different transmission power based on the calculated distance from the current sender node to the destination node or the next hop node, DA-MLAR-ODTP gets the best of the directional and omni-directional modes. Compared to DA-MLAR, on demand transmission power mode further improves the packet delivery ratio by up to 37% and dwindles end-to-end delay by up to 57% with more or less the same amount of energy consumption. Simulation experiments show that this is a promising technique for more reliable communications in MANET with energy and other constraints
Forensic Analysis of Document Fragment Based on SVM

The ability to automatically classify document fragments based on their contents is important in digital forensics. This paper proposes an Enhanced String Kernel (ESK) to classify file header fragments with Support Vector Machine (SVM). ESK can extract a byte sequence feature map about document fragment. The map consists of byte-level patterns of document fragments, and captures the characteristic of document fragments. An extended suffix array (ESA) data structure is presented to efficiently store and manipulate the feature map. We can compute the ESK by using the feature map. This method can efficiently categorize a variety of different systems and application file header fragment types. Experiments have provided good classification performance results about file header fragments.
Cognitive Dissonance and Affect: An Initial Test of a Connectionist Account

In their connectionist model of cognitive dissonance, Van Overwalle & Jordens (2002) put forward the hypothesis that positive affect increases behaviour-induced attitudes, while negative affect decreases attitudes. In this article, this hypothesised role of affect was tested for two well-known paradigms in the cognitive dissonance literature: free choice and induced compliance. For the free-choice paradigm, we replicated the findings in the difficult-high choice condition of Shultz, Leveille, and Lepper (1999) and additionally induced negative mood. As predicted, negative mood resulted in a more negative attitude compared to no mood induction. For the induced compliance paradigm, we replicated the Linder, Cooper, and Jones (1967) dissonance and reinforcement findings and additionally induced opposite mood in the nochoice (reinforcement) conditions. Specifically, we induced positive mood in the low reward condition and negative mood in the high reward condition. Again as predicted, positive mood increased the attitude and negative mood decreased the attitude, resulting in an elimination of the reinforcement effect.
Adiabat_1ph: A new public front‐end to the MELTS, pMELTS, and pHMELTS models

The program adiabat_1ph is a simple text‐menu driver for subroutine versions of the algorithms MELTS, pMELTS, and pHMELTS [ Asimow et al., 2004 ; Ghiorso et al., 2002 ; Ghiorso and Sack, 1995 ]. It may be used to calculate equilibrium assemblages along a thermodynamic path set by the user and can simultaneously calculate trace element distributions. The MELTS family of algorithms is suitable for multicomponent systems, which may be anhydrous, water‐undersaturated, or water‐saturated, with the options of buffering oxygen fugacity and/or water activity. A wide variety of calculations can be performed either subsolidus or with liquid(s) present; melting and crystallization may be batch, fractional, or continuous. The software is suitable for Linux, MacOS X, and Windows, and many aspects of program execution are controlled by environment variables. Perl scripts are also provided that may be used to invoke adiabat_1ph with some command line options and to produce output that may be easily imported into spreadsheet programs, such as Microsoft Excel. Benefits include a batch mode, which allows almost complete automation of the calculation process when suitable input files are written. This technical brief describes version 1.04, which is provided as ancillary material . Binaries, scripts, documentation, and example files for this and future releases may be downloaded at http://www.gps. caltech.edu/∼asimow/adiabat. On a networked computer, adiabat_1ph automatically checks whether a newer version is available.
Volume-Sensitive Anion Channels Mediate Osmosensitive Glutathione Release from Rat Thymocytes

Glutathione (GSH) is a negatively charged tripeptide, which is a major determinant of the cellular redox state and defense against oxidative stress. It is assembled inside and degraded outside the cells and is released under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The GSH release mechanism is poorly understood at present. In our experiments, freshly isolated rat thymocytes were found to release GSH under normal isotonic conditions at a low rate of 0.82±0.07 attomol/cell/min and that was greatly enhanced under hypoosomotic stimulation to reach a level of 6.1±0.4 attomol/cell/min. The swelling-induced GSH release was proportional to the cell density in the suspension and was temperature-dependent with relatively low activation energy of 5.4±0.6 kcal/mol indicating a predominant diffusion mechanism of GSH translocation. The osmosensitive release of GSH was significantly inhibited by blockers of volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying (VSOR) anion channel, DCPIB and phloretin. In patch-clamp experiments, osmotic swelling activated large anionic conductance with the VSOR channel phenotype. Anion replacement studies suggested that the thymic VSOR anion channel is permeable to GSH− with the permeability ratio PGSH/PCl of 0.32 for influx and 0.10 for efflux of GSH. The osmosensitive GSH release was trans-stimulated by SLCO/OATP substrates, probenecid, taurocholic acid and estrone sulfate, and inhibited by an SLC22A/OAT blocker, p-aminohippuric acid (PAH). The inhibition by PAH was additive to the effect of DCPIB or phloretin implying that PAH and DCPIB/phloretin affected separate pathways. We suggest that the VSOR anion channel constitutes a major part of the γ-glutamyl cycle in thymocytes and, in cooperation with OATP-like and OAT-like transporters, provides a pathway for the GSH efflux from osmotically swollen cells.
Deep Parameter Optimisation

We introduce a mutation-based approach to automatically discover and expose `deep' (previously unavailable) parameters that affect a program's runtime costs. These discovered parameters, together with existing (`shallow') parameters, form a search space that we tune using search-based optimisation in a bi-objective formulation that optimises both time and memory consumption. We implemented our approach and evaluated it on four real-world programs. The results show that we can improve execution time by 12\% or achieve a 21\% memory consumption reduction in the best cases. In three subjects, our deep parameter tuning results in a significant improvement over the baseline of shallow parameter tuning, demonstrating the potential value of our deep parameter extraction approach.
Efficient Implementation of the Chan-Vese Models Without Solving PDEs

Efficient implementation methods are proposed for Chan-Vese models. The proposed methods do not require solutions of PDEs and are therefore fast. The advantages of level set methods, such as automatic handling of topological changes, are preserved. These methods utilize region information to guide the evolution of initial curves. Gaussian smoothing is applied to regularize the evolving curves. These algorithms are able to automatically and efficiently segment objects in complicated images. Experimental results show that the proposed methods work efficiently for images without strong noise. However, they still have initialization problems, as do the Chan-Vese models
Self-oscillation conditions of a resonant nanoelectromechanical mass sensor

This article presents a comprehensive study and design methodology of cointegrated oscillators for nanoscale mass sensing applications based on resonant nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS). In particular, a comparison is provided between the capacitive and the piezoresistive transduction schemes in terms of overall sensor performance. The developed model is clearly in accordance with the general experimental observations obtained for NEMS-based mass detection. The piezoresistive devices are more sensitive (up to 10 zg/√Hz) than capacitive ones (close to 100 zg/√Hz) since they can work at higher frequency. Moreover, the high doped silicon piezoresistive gauge, which is of great interest for very large scale integration, shows similar theoretical resolution to that of the metallic gauge already used experimentally.
The Moral Foundations of Individual-Level Foreign Policy Preferences

Individuals clearly differ in their foreign policy preferences. Some support higher defense spending and more aggressive stances toward other countries, others oppose the use of force except in the most extreme circumstances. Some prefer working through multilateral institutions, others believe it is necessary to maintain full freedom of action on all foreign policy issues. Social psychology posits that individuals hold varying moral foundations, which they group in five dimensions of care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, authority/submission, and sanctity/degradation. Liberals tend to emphasis care/harm and fairness/cheating disproportionately, while conservatives appear to weight each foundation more equally. Drawing on this work, we first replicate the association between the moral foundations and political identity and domestic policy preferences. We then extend this research to foreign policy issues, finding significant relationships between moral foundations and attitudes on a variety of policy questions. We also conduct two survey experiments that prime respondents with different moral foundations and find no significant effect on attitudes. We postulate that moral concerns are already salient in the minds of respondents when they answer questions about foreign policy.
The Roles of Policy, Conceptualizations, and Pedagogical Methods in Teaching about Sustainable Consumption in Higher Education: A Mixed Methods Study

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii DEDICATION . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW . 1 1.1 Sustainable Consumption Conversation: Opportunities for Education . 2 1.1.1 Understanding Consumption . 2 1.1.2 Why Education, Conceptualizations, and Methods? 3 1.2 Consumption in Sustainability Policy . 6 1.2.1 International . 6 1.2.2 National . 7 1.3 Research Questions . 8 CHAPTER 2: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE . 10 2.1 Sustainable Consumption: What Is It and How Do We Teach about It? 10 2.1.1 Functional . 11 2.1.2 Sociological . 11 2.1.3 Psychological . 14 2.1. 4 Economic . 18 2.1. 5 Concluding Thoughts on Orientations . 19 2.2 Practice Theory . 19 2.3 Social Learning Theory . 25 vi 2.3.1 Implications for EfS and ESC . 27 2.4 Researching Consumption: The Empirical, the Conceptual, and the Nonexistent . 30 2.4.1 Conceptualizations . 31 2.4.2 Sustainable Consumption Education . 31 2.4.3 Identity and Sustainable Consumption Behavior . 33 2.4. 4 Concluding Thoughts on Previous Studies . 33 2.4. 5 Concluding Thoughts on Researching Consumption . 34 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY . 35 3.1 Methodological Paradigm and Implications for Research Methods . 36 3.2 Mixed Methods Research . 37 3.3 Participant Selection and Data Collection . 40 3.3.1 Survey Participant Selection and Data Collection . 40 3.3.2 Interview Participant Selection and Data Collection . 41 3.3.3 Course Material Data Collection . 42 3.4 Data Analysis . 43 3.4.1 Survey Data Analysis . 43 3.4.2 Interview Data Analysis . 46 3.4.3 Course Material Data Analysis . 47 3.4. 4 Embedded Mixed Methods . 49 3.5 Ethical Considerations . 50 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS . 51 4.1 Meeting the Participants and their Orientations to SC . 51 4.2 Course Content Regarding SC . 71 4.2.1 Functional . 72 4.2.2 Sociological . 75 4.2.3 Psychological . 82 4.2.4 Economic . 86 4.2. 5 Sustainability Curriculum Topics Incorporated across Setting . 93 4.3 Teaching Methods . 95
Disclosure patterns in children's allegations of sexual abuse

This study sought to examine the nature of children's disclosures to determine whether, and to what degree, disclosure of child sexual abuse is more characteristic of a process or an event. At present, the two empirically based studies that have examined this question are polarised in their findings as to whether disclosure is a process or an event. Two additional components were included with the aim of complementing the findings on the nature of disclosures: (1) the presence of clinical criteria in the children's statements and, (2) the frequency and usefulness of potential independent validating measures such as, offender admission; medical evidence; presence of an eyewitness; and photographic evidence. The study used a retrospective archival review of hospital case records, involving 200 children between the ages of 3 and 17 years who were assessed and treated in the Gatehouse Centre for the Assessment and Treatment of Child Abuse at the Royal Children's Hospital between October 1992 and October 1995. The majority of children's disclosures demonstrated clear confirming evidence of a gradual unfolding in varying sequences, over varying time periods, of the disclosure phases identified as denial, tentative, active, retraction and reaffirmation. As such, the findings were more characteristic of disclosure being considered a process, rather than an event. Whilst each of the independent measures (offender admission; medical evidence; presence of an eyewitness; and photographic evidence), was found in the some of the case files, they were too infrequent to enable clear conclusions to be drawn as to their efficacy as independent corroborating measures.
Cortical network functional connectivity in the descent to sleep

Descent into sleep is accompanied by disengagement of the conscious brain from the external world. It follows that this process should be associated with reduced neural activity in regions of the brain known to mediate interaction with the environment. We examined blood oxygen dependent (BOLD) signal functional connectivity using conventional seed-based analyses in 3 primary sensory and 3 association networks as normal young adults transitioned from wakefulness to light sleep while lying immobile in the bore of a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Functional connectivity was maintained in each network throughout all examined states of arousal. Indeed, correlations within the dorsal attention network modestly but significantly increased during light sleep compared to wakefulness. Moreover, our data suggest that neuronally mediated BOLD signal variance generally increases in light sleep. These results do not support the view that ongoing BOLD fluctuations primarily reflect unconstrained cognition. Rather, accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that spontaneous BOLD fluctuations reflect processes that maintain the integrity of functional systems in the brain.
Multiparametric Porous Silicon Sensors

We investigated the possibility of using several sensing parameters from porous silicon in order to improve gas selectivity. By fabricating porous silicon optical microcavities, three independent quantities can be measured, i.e. the electrical conductance, the photoluminescence intensity, and the wavelength of the optical resonance. We monitored the change of these three parameters as a function of NO2 (0.5-5 ppm), ethanol (300-15000 ppm) and relative humidity (0-100%). Preliminary results confirm that the examined species affect the parameters in a different way, both as a relative change and as dynamic.
The relationship between low intraoperative hematocrit levels during cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative neurological events.

OBJECTIVE The objective of our study is to analyze whether low intraoperative hematocrit levels have an effect upon postoperative neurological events. METHODS Our study included 140 patients who underwent isolated coronary bypass under cardiopulmonary bypass between 2009 and 2012. The main group of the study was 70 patients with intraoperative hematocrit levels lower than 22%. These patients' 30-day postoperative neurological (particularly stroke) follow up was registered as the main data of the study. Another group of 70 patients possessing the same demographic features who underwent open heart surgery with hematocrit levels remaining above 22% were registered as the control group for perioperative neurological data. RESULTS The average age of the patients with hematocrit levels below and above 22% was 56.8 ± 5.8 years and 54.1 ± 7.3 years, respectively. The mean follow-up period of the patients was 37.2 ± 8.6 days. None of the patients had any neurological postoperative sequalae. No mortalities occurred. One patient who had mild paresthesia and motor weakness of the left hand had no pathological finding on computed tomography and was diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy due to intraoperative sternal retraction. CONCLUSION Because our study revealed no cerebrovascular events, coronary bypass surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass may be safely conducted even in patients with hematocrit levels lower than 22%.
The Effect of Post-Treatment N-Acetylcysteine in LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury of Rats

Background Oxidation plays an important role in acute lung injury. This study was conducted in order to elucidate the effect of repetitive post-treatment of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) of rats. Methods Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups. LPS (Escherichia coli 5 mg/kg) was administered intravenously via the tail vein. NAC (20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 3, 6, and 12 hours after LPS injection. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were obtained to evaluate the ALI at 24 hours after LPS injection. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were measured in BALF. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured using lung tissues. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images were examined in each group at 72 hours apart from the main experiments in order to observe the delayed effects of NAC. Results TNF-α and IL-1β concentration in BALF were not different between LPS and NAC treatment groups. The concentration of LPO in NAC treatment group was significantly lower than that of LPS group (5.5±2.8 nmol/mL vs. 16.5±1.6 nmol/mL) (p=0.001). The activity of MPO in NAC treatment group was significantly lower than that of LPS group (6.4±1.8 unit/g vs. 11.2±6.3 unit/g, tissue) (p<0.048). The concentration of NF-κB in NAC treatment group was significantly lower than that of LPS group (0.3±0.1 ng/µL vs. 0.4±0.2 ng/µL) (p=0.0001). Micro-CT showed less extent of lung injury in NAC treatment than LPS group. Conclusion After induction of ALI with lipopolysaccharide, the therapeutic administration of NAC partially attenuated the extent of ALI through the inhibition of NF-κB activation.