Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Heparin for treatment of sepsis: a systemic review].

OBJECTIVE To systemically review the efficacy and safety of heparin for treatment of sepsis. METHODS Database search of IM/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SCIE, CBM, CNKI, VIP Data, WanFang Data (from January 2000 to June 2012) was conducted. The quality of included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about heparin for treatment of sepsis was assessed, and relevant data were extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then meta analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1. RESULTS 17 trials with 1 167 participants were included. The results of meta-analysis showed: compared with the control group, heparin significantly decreased 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis [odds ratio (OR)=0.59, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.45-0.77, P=0.0001]; heparin did not deteriorate coagulation disorders, but corrected sepsis-induced platelet (PLT) count reduction [mean difference (MD)=13.94, 95%CI 10.15 to 17.72, P<0.000 01], while it had no significant effect on the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT, APTT: MD=-3.18, 95%CI -6.88 to 0.53, P=0.09; PT: MD=-0.68, 95%CI -1.48 to 0.12, P=0.09). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of bleeding either. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHEII) score of heparin group was significantly lower than that of the control group (MD=-2.58, 95%CI -3.29 to -1.87, P<0.000 01), and the incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was significantly lower than that of the control group (OR=0.32, 95%CI 0.17 to 0.61, P=0.000 6). In addition, heparin could shorten intensive care unit (ICU) stay (MD=-4.43, 95%CI -6.79 to -2.07, P=0.000 2), whereas it showed no significant effect on the total length of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS Heparin can ameliorate sepsis, and has high degree of safety and lower hospital expense. Due to limitation of the quality of included studies, larger sample and well-designed RCTs are needed to further support this conclusion.
Change of absorption spectra in type-Ib diamond with heavy neutron irradiation.

For type-Ib diamond neutron irradiated and annealed at 900\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, it has been found that the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center is reduced in density with increasing irradiation in the dose range above a certain value, and instead the 575 and 594 nm centers appear abruptly. This fact is interpreted in terms of change in the charge state of defects correlated with large change in the Fermi level produced by heavy irradiation. Based on the present results, a model is proposed for the 575 nm center: (NV${)}^{0}$, a defect released one electron from the NV center. It has been observed that the growth nature of the 594 nm center with irradiation is different between types Ia and Ib. This difference is explained by difference in the Fermi level of both types. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The efficiency of the spiral- in of a black hole to the Galactic centre

We study the efficiency at which a black hole or dense star cluster spirals in to the Galactic Centre. This process takes place on a dynamical friction time-scale, which depends on the value of the Coulomb logarithm (In Λ). We determine the accurate value of this parameter using the direct N-body method, a tree algorithm and a particle-mesh technique with up to two million plus one particles. The three different techniques are in excellent agreement. Our measurement for the Coulomb logarithm appears to be independent of the number of particles. We conclude that In A = 6.6 ′ 0.6 for a massive point particle in the inner few parsec of the Galactic bulge. For an extended object, such as a dense star cluster, In A is smaller, with a value of the logarithm argument A inversely proportional to the object size.
The Prevalence of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 677 C-T, Factor V 1691 G-A, and Prothrombin 20210 G-A Mutations in Healthy Populations in Sétif, Algeria

The polymorphic mutation 677 C-T in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene presents a heterogeneous worldwide distribution and is associated with different disorders such as cardiovascular disease. Its frequency shows great ethnic and geographic variations. The aim of this work is to determine the frequency of MTHFR 677 C-T and coexistence of MTHFR 677 C-T with 2 other common, hereditary thrombophilia causes—namely, factor V 1691 G-A and prothrombin (PT) 20210 G-A mutation—in the Sétif region of Algeria. The study involved 147 apparently healthy participants (82 men and 65 women). Genotyping was carried out by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The MTHFR 677T carrier frequency was found to be 54.4% (80/147); 59 individuals were heterozygous (40.1%), and 21 were homozygous (14.3%). The frequency of MTHFR 677T was found to be 34.3%. Among the 147 individuals, 3 (2.0%) had factor V Leiden, and 5 (3.4%) had PT 20210 A mutation. Of the 80 participants with MTHFR 677T mutation, 2 had heterozygote factor V 1691 G-A gene mutation, and 4 had heterozygote PT 20210 G-A gene mutation. The results showed that MTHFR 677T prevalence is quite high: an allelic frequency of 34.3% with a genotype frequency of 14.3%. Factor V 1691 G-A and PT 20210 G-A gene mutations are rare in the healthy population of the Sétif region of Algeria.
Neurophysiology of Surgical Procedures for Repair of The Aortic Arch

Summary: Neurophysiologic monitoring during surgical procedures involving the aortic arch is very complex because of the number of different phases of the procedure, the high mortality rate, and the use of hypothermia. In this paper, the critical goals of neurophysiologic monitoring are discussed in the context of the different surgical events and the surgical options during the different phases of the procedure. These include establishing a neurophysiologic baseline and identifying any evidence of cerebral ischemia that might suggest a reduction in cerebral perfusion. The role of EEG and evoked potentials in assessing the effect of hypothermia and circulatory arrest is also discussed. As these effects are predictable in large part, the neurophysiologist will be able to determine when changes in the neurophysiologic tests outside the norm occur and provide prompt warnings to the surgeon.
Analysis of lesions in patients with unilateral tactile agnosia using cytoarchitectonic probabilistic maps

We propose a novel methodical approach to lesion analyses involving high‐resolution MR images in combination with probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps. 3D‐MR images of the whole brain and the manually segmented lesion mask are spatially normalized to the reference brain of a stereotaxic probabilistic cytoarchitectonic atlas using a multiscale registration algorithm based on an elastic model. The procedure is demonstrated in three patients suffering from aperceptive tactile agnosia of the right hand due to chronic infarction of the left parietal cortex. Patient 1 presents a lesion in areas of the postcentral sulcus, Patient 3 in areas of the superior parietal lobule and adjacent intraparietal sulcus, and Patient 2 lesions in both regions. On the basis of neurobehavioral data, we conjectured degradation of sequential elementary sensory information processing within the postcentral gyrus, impeding texture recognition in Patients 1 and 2, and disturbed kinaesthetic information processing in the posterior parietal lobe, causing degraded shape recognition in the patients 2 and 3. The involvement of Brodmann areas 4a, 4p, 3a, 3b, 1, 2, and areas IP1 and IP2 of the intraparietal sulcus was assessed in terms of the voxel overlap between the spatially transformed lesion masks and the 50%‐isocontours of the cytoarchitectonic maps. The disruption of the critical cytoarchitectonic areas and the impaired subfunctions, texture and shape recognition, relate as conjectured above. We conclude that the proposed method represents a promising approach to hypothesis‐driven lesion analyses, yielding lesion‐function correlates based on a cytoarchitectonic model. Finally, the lesion‐function correlates are validated by functional imaging reference data. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inductorless Wideband CMOS Low-Noise Amplifiers Using Noise-Canceling Technique

Two inductorless wideband low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process are presented. By using the gain-enhanced noise-canceling technique, the gain at noise-cancelling condition is increased, while the input matching is maintained. The first work is a common-source LNA with resistive shunt feedback. It achieves a maximum power gain of 10.5 dB, a bandwidth of 10 GHz, a noise figure (NF) of 2.7-3.3 dB, and an IIP3 of -3.5 dBm. The power consumption is 13.7 mW from a 1-V supply, and the area is 0.02 mm 2. The second work is a common-gate LNA. It achieves a maximum power gain of 10.7 dB, a bandwidth of 5.2 GHz, a NF of 2.9-5.4 dB, and an IIP3 of -6 dBm. The power consumption is 7 mW from a 1-V supply, and the area is 0.03 mm 2. Experimental results demonstrate that the first LNA shows the largest bandwidth, and the second LNA has the lowest power consumption among the inductorless wideband LNAs.
Evaluation of the Adenocarcinoma-Associated Gene AGR2 and the Intestinal Stem Cell Marker LGR5 as Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer

We aim to estimate the diagnostic performances of anterior gradient homolog-2 (AGR2) and Leucine-rich repeat-containing-G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) in peripheral blood (PB) as mRNA biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to explore their prognostic significance. Real-time PCR was used to analyze AGR2 and LGR5 in 54 stages I-IV CRC patients and 19 controls. Both mRNAs were significantly increased in PB from CRC patients compared to controls. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves were 0.722 (p = 0.006), 0.376 (p = 0.123) and 0.767 (p = 0.001) for AGR2, LGR5 and combined AGR2/LGR5, respectively. The AGR2/LGR5 assay resulted in 67.4% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity. AGR2 correlated with pT3–pT4 and high-grade tumors. LGR5 correlated with metastasis, R2 resections and high-grade. The progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with high AGR2 was reduced (p = 0.037; HR, 2.32), also in the stage I-III subgroup (p = 0.046). LGR5 indicated a poor prognosis regarding both PFS (p = 0.007; HR, 1.013) and overall survival (p = 0.045; HR, 1.01). High AGR2/LGR5 was associated with poor PFS (p = 0.014; HR, 2.8) by multivariate analysis. Our findings indicate that the assessment of AGR2 and LGR5 in PB might reflect the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and stem cell like CTC in CRC. Increased AGR2 and LGR5 are associated with poor outcomes.
Effect of enrichment on variation and results in the light/dark test

Several confounding factors may influence the outcome of an experiment and the extent of inter-individual variation. The aim of this study was to investigate if cage enrichment induces an effect on experimental mean values and on inter-individual variation in the light/dark paradigm using diazepam as the anxiolytic drug. The behaviour of 216 naive adult male mice of two different strains (BALB/c and C57BL/6) was studied. The animals were housed in groups of four in 'non-enriched', 'enriched' (nesting material) or 'super-enriched' (nest-box, nesting material, wooden gnawing stick and PVC tube) cages. After 5 weeks the animals were assigned to one of three treatments: control (no injection), sham (saline injection i.p.) or diazepam (1 mg/kg bw i.p.) and tested in the light/dark test for 5 min. Variation data were analysed using three different methods (mean absolute deviation, coefficient of variation and power analysis). The C57BL/6 mice scored higher than BALB/c mice in activity related measurements and showed a less 'emotional' behaviour profile in the pharmacological control situation of the light/dark test. In this study the anxiolytic effect of diazepam was clear in BALB/c mice but absent in C57BL/6 mice. Mice housed in enriched and super-enriched cages gained more weight than mice in non-enriched cages, although food intake was not affected. Generally, the strain of mouse had the greatest impact on both mean values and variation. However, there was no consistent increase for one particular strain. The choice of statistical method for analysing variation may influence the interpretation of within-group variability, but none of the methods showed any significant differences between standard and enriched conditions on variability in any of the parameters measured.
Annotation of musical scores: Interaction and use behaviours of performing musicians

The goal of this study is to investigate how people annotate structured data. Structured data includes statistical datasets, tables and reports; student assignments related to statistical data; cataloguing records for books, websites, and other physical or digital objects; bibliographic databases used in various disciplines; biomedical data sets; and digital video files. We will interview people who regularly work with these types of data, asking about the types of annotation they do and the reasons for making these annotations. When possible, we will copy annotations in context and conduct content analysis to bolster the interview data. We hope to involve ten participants for each type of data. The interviews and content analysis results will be used to define an annotation behaviour in context framework. Research team: • Co-PIs: Gary Marchionini, Paul Solomon, and Cathy Blake • Additional researchers: Megan Winget, Tom Ciszek, Robert Fu, Lili Luo, John MacMullen, Mary Ruvane, Dave West 1. Project Description. (a) Purpose, hypotheses, or research questions. There have been several studies of how people annotate text, however, few studies of how people annotate structured documents. This is exploratory research that aims to gather examples of annotations on structured objects (both physical and digital) and understand the rationales and strategies people use to perform such annotations.
Collaborative filtering in social tagging systems based on joint item-tag recommendations

Tapping into the wisdom of the crowd, social tagging can be considered an alternative mechanism - as opposed to Web search - for organizing and discovering information on the Web. Effective tag-based recommendation of information items, such as Web resources, is a critical aspect of this social information discovery mechanism. A precise understanding of the information structure of social tagging systems lies at the core of an effective tag-based recommendation method. While most of the existing research either implicitly or explicitly assumes a simple tripartite graph structure for this purpose, we propose a comprehensive information structure to capture all types of co-occurrence information in the tagging data. Based on the proposed information structure, we further propose a unified user profiling scheme to make full use of all available information. Finally, supported by our proposed user profile, we propose a novel framework for collaborative filtering in social tagging systems. In our proposed framework, we first generate joint item-tag recommendations, with tags indicating topical interests of users in target items. These joint recommendations are then refined by the wisdom from the crowd and projected to the item space for final item recommendations. Evaluation using three real-world datasets shows that our proposed recommendation approach significantly outperformed state-of-the-art approaches.
Faster Association Rules for Multiple Relations

Several algorithms have already been implemented which combine association rules with first order logic formulas. Although this resulted in several usable algorithms, little attention was payed until recently to the efficiency of these algorithms. In this paper we present some new ideas to turn one important intermediate step in the process of discovering such rules, i.e. the discovery of frequent item sets, more efficient. Using an implementation that we coined FARMER, we show that indeed a speed-up is obtained and that, using these ideas, the performance is much more comparable to original association rule algorithms.
Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef Alleles Show Major Differences in Pathogenicity in Transgenic Mice

ABSTRACT We previously reported that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 NL4-3 Nef is necessary and sufficient to induce a severe AIDS-like disease in transgenic (Tg) mice when the protein is expressed under the regulatory sequences of the human CD4 gene. We have now assayed additional Nef alleles (SF2, JR-CSF, YU10x, and NL4-3 [T71R] Nef alleles), including some from long-term nonprogressors (AD-93, 032an, and 039nm alleles) in the same Tg system and compared their pathogenicities. All these Nef alleles downregulated cell surface CD4 in human cells in vitro and also, with the exception of NefYU10x, in Tg CD4+ T cells. Depletion of double-positive and single-positive thymocytes occurred with all alleles but was less pronounced in NefYU10x Tg mice. A loss of peripheral CD4+ T cells was observed with all alleles but was minimal in NefYU10x Tg mice. In Nef032an and NefSF2 Tg mice, T-cell loss was severe despite lower levels of Tg expression, suggesting a higher virulence of these alleles. All Nef alleles except the NefYU10x and NefNL4-3(T71R) alleles induced an enhanced activated memory (CD25+ CD69+ CD44high CD45RBlow CD62Llow) and apoptotic phenotype. Also, all could interact with and/or activate PAK2 except the NefJR-CSF allele. Organ (lung and kidney) diseases were present in NefNL4-3(T71R), Nef032an, Nef039nm, and NefSF2 Tg mice, despite very low levels of Tg expression for the last strain. However, no organ disease or minimal organ disease developed in NefYU10x and NefAD-93 Tg mice and NefJR-CSF Tg mice, respectively, despite high levels of Tg expression. Our data show that important differences in the pathogenicities of various Nef alleles can be scored in Tg mice. Interestingly, our results also revealed that some phenotypes can segregate independently, such as CD4+ T-cell depletion and activation, as well as severe depletion of thymic CD4+ T cells and peripheral CD4+ T cells. Therefore, expression of Nef alleles in Tg mice under the CD4C regulatory elements represents a novel assay for measuring their pathogenicity. Because of the very high similarity of this murine AIDS-like disease to human AIDS, this assay may have a predictive value regarding the behavior of Nef in infected humans.
Predictors of Social Group Participation in Whitewater Kayaking.

Little research has examined the importance of the social group in the adventure recreation experience. The purpose of this study was to examine and predict social group participation of whitewater kayakers. Results show that friends and fellow paddlers of similar skill are the most popular group chosen for whitewater kayakers. In predicting the social groups, several variables contributed to each group: classes, alone, guide, outing clubs, teachers, friends, and fellow paddlers of similar skill. Recurrent predictors of social group participation were: psychological outcomes, involvement, and number in a kayaking group. The implications of this study are relevant for those in service delivery in determining appropriate marketing strategies for promoting trips to specific market segments.
Intestinal/Peritoneal Tuberculosis in Children: An Analysis of Autopsy Cases

Infection by Mycobacterium bovis is not infrequently identified in Mexico. Its relation to nonpasteurized milk products ingestion is well recognized with primary infection usually in the intestinal tract. The term “abdominal tuberculosis” includes peritoneal as well as primary and secondary intestinal tuberculosis. The clinical differentiation of these conditions is difficult. In this work, we reviewed the clinical and pathological features of 24 cases of children dying with tuberculosis in whom autopsy revealed abdominal disease in a referral hospital in Mexico City. We identified 8 cases of primary intestinal tuberculosis, with documentation of M. bovis in 6 of them, and 9 cases of secondary intestinal tuberculosis (primary pulmonary disease), all negative to M. bovis. Seven patients had peritoneal tuberculosis without intestinal lesions and with active pulmonary disease in 4 of them, and of the remaining three, two had mesenteric lymph node involvement suggesting healed intestinal disease. In this approach to abdominal tuberculosis, postmortem analysis was able to differentiate primary from secondary intestinal tuberculosis and to define the nature of peritoneal involvement. This discrimination gives rise to different diagnostic approaches and epidemiological and preventive actions, particularly in countries where tuberculosis is endemic and infection by M. bovis continues to be identified.
Hypertension and pre‐eclampsia in women with gestational glucose intolerance

The relationship between pregnancy‐induced hypertension (and pre‐eclampsia) and gestational glucose intolerance was examined prospectively in 81 women with gestational diabetes mellitus. A borderline group consisted of 203 women with a single abnormal value on an oral glucose tolerance test. Controls consisted of 327 healthy women with normal glucose tolerance test at 28–32 weeks of gestation. The women with gestational diabetes were older (p > 0.01) and their prepregnancy weight and body mass index were higher (p > 0.001) than those in the control group. Also the women in the borderline group had higher prepregnancy weight (p > 0.01) and body mass index (p > 0.001) than the women in the control group. However, the pregnancy weight gain was lower in the gestational diabetics than in the control women (p > 0.001). Birth weight, birth trauma, low Apgar scores and hypoglycemia did not differ between the groups. However, hyperbilirubinemia occurred more frequently (28.4% vs. 3.7%, p > 0.001) in the gestational diabetics than in the controls. The frequency of both chronic hypertension (2.5% vs. 0.3%, p > 0.05) and pregnancy induced hypertension and pre‐eclampsia (19.8% vs. 6.1%, p > 0.001) were higher in the gestational diabetes group, but not in the borderline group when compared with the controls.
A novel photonic oscillator

We report a novel oscillator for photonic RF systems. This oscillator is capable of generating high-frequency signals up to 70 GHz in both electrical and optical domains and is a special voltage-controlled oscillator with an optical output port. It can be used to make a phase-locked loop (PLL) and perform all functions that a PLL is capable of for photonic systems. It can be synchronized to a reference source by means of optical injection locking, electrical injection locking, and PLL. It can also be self-phase locked and self-injection locked to generate a high-stability photonic RF reference. Its applications include high-frequency reference regeneration and distribution, high-gain frequency multiplication, comb-frequency and square-wave generation, carrier recovery, and clock recovery. We anticipate that such photonic voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) will be as important to photonic RF systems as electrical VCOs are to electrical RF systems.