Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genesis of the Neogene to Quaternary volcanism in the Carpathian- Pannonian region: Role of subduction, extension, and mantle plume

Neogene to Quaternary volcanism of the Carpathian-Pannonian region is part of the extensive volcanic activity in the Mediterranean and surrounding regions. Using the spatial and temporal distribution of the magmatic rocks, their major- and traceelement features, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope characteristics, we suggest that lithospheric extension in the Pannonian Basin had a major role in the generation of the magmas. Dehydration of subducting slab should have resulted in thorough metasomatism in the mantle wedge during Cretaceous to early Miocene that would have lowered the melting temperature, therefore playing an indirect role in the generation of magmas later on. Mixing between mantle-derived magmas and lower-crustal melts was an important process at the fi rst stage of the silicic and calc-alkaline magmatism in the Northern Pannonian Basin. However, the crustal component gradually decreased with time, which is consistent with magmatic activity in a continuously thinning continental plate. Calc-alkaline volcanism along the Eastern Carpathians was mostly postcollisional and could have been related to slab break-off processes. However, the fairly young (<1.5 Ma) potassic magmatism at the southeasternmost segment of the Carpathian volcanic arc could be explained by lithospheric delamination under the Vrancea zone. Alkaline basaltic volcanism began at the end of rifting of the Pannonian Basin (11 Ma) and continued until recently. We suggest that a mantle plume beneath the Pannonian Basin is highly unlikely and the mafi c magmas were formed by small degree partial melting in a heterogeneous asthenospheric mantle, which has been close to the solidus temperature due to the lithospheric extension in the Miocene. Magmatism appears to have been in a waning phase for the last 2 m.y. , but recent volcanic eruptions (<200 k.y.) indicate that future volcanic activity cannot be unambiguously ruled out.
Sentimentalist moral education

Care ethics, and moral sentimentalism more generally, have not developed a picture of moral education that is comparable in scope or depth to the rationalist/Kantian/Rawlsian account of moral education that has been offered by Lawrence Kohlberg. But it is possible to do so if one borrows from the work of Martin Hoffman and makes systematic use of Hume’s earlier sentimentalist ideas. Kohlberg and Rawls offer accounts of moral learning that leave moral motivation largely unexplained or mysterious, but an emphasis on the psychology of empathy can help us to better understand both the content of our morality and the ways in which children and adults can become and be morally motivated. Parents can in a number of ways evoke and strengthen children’s empathic moral tendencies, and such processes can also occur and need to occur in schools and later on in life. In addition, a sentimentalist understanding of the meaning of moral terms can show how moral rules, principles, and injunctions can strongly reinforce the sorts of empathic/moral tendencies that are at least initially based in other elements of human psychology.
A new species of Pygocephalomorpha (Eumalacostraca, Peracarida) from the Leitchfield Formation, Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) of Grayson County, Kentucky, U.S.A.

We describe a new species of pygocephalomorph eumalacostracan from the Leitchfield Formation, Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous) of Kentucky, U.S.A. The fossils display a well-developed cephalothorax, pleon, and tail fan, and they show greatest affinity with other species within Tealliocarididae, especially to species of Pseudotealliocaris. The new species, Pseudotealliocaris holthuisi, is a second taxon of tealliocarid from the American Lower Carboniferous, the other being P. palinscari from the Mississippian of Pennsylvania. We compare the new species to other known species in the family and provide an overview of pygocephalomorph evolution.
A Flow Theory Perspective on Learner Motivation and Behavior in Distance Education

Motivating learners to continue to study and enjoy learning is one of the critical factors in distance education. Flow theory is a useful framework for studying the individual experience of learning through using computers. In this study, I examine students’ emotional and cognitive responses to distance learning systems by constructing two models to test the students’ flow states. The first model examines the cause and effect of the flow experience when students use distance learning systems. The second model considers the impact of three types of interaction on the flow experience. A questionnaire‐based field survey is used to test the two models. Data from 253 distance learning students are examined under each of the two models. The results from Model 1 indicate that flow theory works well in a distance learning environment. The results from Model 2 point out that learner–instructor and learner–interface have a positive relationship with flow experience, whereas learner–learner interaction has not shown a significant relationship with flow experience.
Individual Differences in Automatic and Controlled Regulation of Emotion and Task Performance

To examine the previously suggested, but unexamined, relation between emotions and task performance, we propose that individuals differ in their capacity to use fast emotional regulation processes (FERPs), which we define as processes that begin less than 350 msec after being exposed to an emotion evoking stimulus. Results of three laboratory studies show that individual differences in FERPs, but not slow emotional regulation processes (SERPs), predict emotional regulation performance. Results of Study 1 showed that FERPs significantly predicted editing task performance, task satisfaction, and depression after controlling for trait affectivity; whereas SERPs did not show any significant predictions. Study 2 replicated and extended the results of Study 1, and successfully addressed internal validity concerns related to SERPs. In Study 3, FERPs were shown to predict both performance measures when verbal ability and Conscientiousness were controlled. The combined results of these three studies suggest that FERPs may play a critical role in predicting task performance.
A Dual-Polarized 1-D Tightly Coupled Dipole Array Antenna

A dual-polarized 1-D tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA) antenna is proposed in this paper. To apply the TCDA design concept to a 1-D array, we place a conducting wall with slits and ferrite sheets along the 1-D dipole array. The simulated dual-polarized 1-D infinite TCDA antenna has a wide overlapped bandwidth of 2.83:1 (from 1 to 2.83 GHz) with VSWR < 2, high isolation (>25 dB) between the horizontal and vertical polarizations (VPs), and low height of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/5~\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the lowest operating frequency. A prototype of the proposed array is fabricated and measured, which consists of nine horizontal polarization (HP) dipoles and eight VP dipoles interleaved between the HP dipoles. The measured results show high gains >7.2 dB when scanning up to 30° and a wide half-power beamwidth in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$yz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> plane >61° over the operating frequency band for both polarizations, consistent with the simulation result.
Gender Differences in the Jealousy-Evoking Effect of Rival Characteristics: A Study in Spain and Argentina

This study examines gender differences in the jealousy-evoking nature of rival characteristics in two Spanish-speaking countries (Argentina and Spain). A total of 388 Spanish students and 444 Argentinean students participated in the study. First, the cross-cultural validity of a Dutch scale containing 56 rival characteristics was examined. A factor analysis distinguished four dimensions (i.e., social power and dominance, physical attractiveness, physical dominance, and social-communal attributes). After the analysis, the final scale contained in total 24 items. Results showed that in Argentina and Spain combined, men experienced more jealousy than women when their rival was more physically dominant. In contrast, women experienced more jealousy than men when their rival was more physically attractive, had more social-communal attributes, and had more social power and dominance. In both genders, social-communal attributes was the most jealousy-evoking characteristic, followed by physical attractiveness in women and by social power and dominance in men. In addition, in Argentinean participants but not in Spanish participants, those high in social comparison orientation found the rival characteristics more jealousy evoking.These results provide strong support for the evolutionary hypothesis of gender differences in the rival characteristics that may evoke jealousy. Small size effect differences were found between the two countries and only regarding social-communal attributes.
Deliberative Democracy and the Politics of Redistribution: The Case of the Indian Panchayats

By examining evidence from India, where quotas for women in local government were introduced in 1993, this article argues that institutional reform can disturb hegemonic discourses sufficiently to open a window of opportunity where deliberative democratic norms take root and where, in addition to the politics of recognition, the politics of redistribution also operates.
The Effects of Intra-individual Goal Conflict on Performance

Two studies are reported on an aspect of goal setting that has not been explicitly researched to date, namely, intra-individual goal conflict. The first study utilized an experimental, laboratory design using student teams in which conflicting goals (quantity vs. quality) were assigned. The second study was a correlational, field study of college professors which measured conflict between teaching and research. In both studies conflict was negatively related to at least one performance outcome. This negative association was not mediated by goal commitment, goal priority, goal level or task strategies in either study. In both cases, the main source of the conflict was pressure.
Ultra-Wideband MIMO Ambiguity Function and Its Factorability

Ambiguity function (AF) provides an effective way for analysis of the resolving performance of a radar system. With the development of ultra-wideband (UWB) and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radio techniques, recently, the combination of them-the concept of UWB MIMO radar has been proposed and received much attention. For a UWB MIMO radar, first, the signal waveform with an exponential expression which is widely adopted in narrowband cases is not appropriate anymore. Second, the MIMO radar sensors are typically organized in a certain spatial topology, which greatly impacts the performance of the MIMO system. In addition, for a typical MIMO radar application scenario, generally, there are relative motions existing between the radar sensors and the targets. The presence of the relative motions would further complicate the performance analysis of the system. In fact, for a MIMO radar, the overall performance of the system is jointly determined by the parameters, such as the signal waveform, the topology, and the relative motions. Each of the parameters impacts the resolving performance in a particular way. In order to evaluate the contribution of each individual parameter of interest, in this paper, a UWB MIMO AF is developed and factorized into several factors. By this means, each individual parameter can be evaluated via the corresponding factor to examine a certain specific characteristic of the system, instead of via the complicated whole MIMO AFs.
Biased evaluation of information during discussion: Disentangling the effects of preference consistency, social validation, and ownership of information

Group members tend to be biased in their evaluation of the information discussed. The present study aimed to disentangle the effects of preference consistency, social validation, and ownership on information evaluation in a single experimental design. Participants first received information about a personnel selection task. After having made a decision, they read a transcript of a fictitious discussion. In the transcript, preference consistency, social validation, and ownership of information were orthogonally manipulated as within-subjects factors. As hypothesized, preference consistency, social validation, and ownership all increased the perceived quality of information. Furthermore, participants intended to discuss a larger proportion of their preference-consistent information than of their preference-inconsistent information. This discussion bias was significantly associated with the evaluation bias favoring preference-consistent information. These results provide the first empirical demonstration that the evaluation of information in groups is characterized by three distinct biases and that biased evaluation of information may contribute to biased discussion of information. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An in vitro model for essential fatty acid deficiency: HepG2 cells permanently maintained in lipid-free medium.

A stable essential fatty acid-deficient cell type, known as HepG2-EFD, was derived from the lipoprotein-producing human hepatoma cell line HepG2. These cells are particularly useful for quantitative studies involving essential fatty acids (n-6 and n-3 fatty acids) in secreted lipoproteins. Radiolabeled essential fatty acids can be delivered to these cells without altering the specific activity of the fatty acids, since the deficient cells contain no endogenous essential fatty acids. Using these cells, radioactivity data (dpm) from metabolic studies can be converted directly to mass, and masses as low as a few pmoles can be accurately measured. HepG2-EFD cell cultures were established by growing HepG2 cells in medium containing delipidated serum. After 10 days of growth in delipidated medium, HepG2 cells were completely depleted of all essential fatty acids. Compensatory increases in nonessential fatty acids (n-9 and n-7 fatty acids) including 20:3n-9 (the Mead acid), which is the hallmark fatty acid of essential fatty acid deficiency, were also observed in HepG2-EFD cells. Despite the lack of exogenous fatty acids in the medium and the lack of essential fatty acids in the cells, export of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-associated apolipoprotein B by HepG2-EFD was the same as observed for parent HepG2 cells. However, the activity of beta-oxidation of fatty acids in HepG2-EFD cells was much lower than in the parent cell line. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An efficient indexing method for nearest neighbor searches in high-dirnensional image databases

Nearest neighbor (NN) search is emerging as an important search paradigm in a variety of applications in which objects are represented as vectors of d numeric features. However, despite decades of efforts, except for the filtering approach such as the VA-file, the current solutions to find exact kNNs are far from satisfactory for large d. The filtering approach represents vectors as compact approximations and by first scanning these smaller approximations, only a small fraction of the real vectors are visited. In this paper, we introduce the local polar coordinate file (LPC-file) using the filtering approach for nearest-neighbor searches in high-dimensional image databases. The basic idea is to partition the vector space into rectangular cells and then to approximate vectors by polar coordinates on the partitioned local cells. The LPC information significantly enhances the discriminatory power of the approximation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the LPC-file, we conducted extensive experiments and compared the performance with the VA-file and the sequential scan by using synthetic and real data sets. The experimental results demonstrate that the LPC-file outperforms both of the VA-file and the sequential scan in total elapsed time and in the number of disk accesses and that the LPC-file is robust in both "good" distributions (such as random) and "bad" distributions (such as skewed and clustered).
The Relationship between Identity Development and Self-Esteem during the Late Adolescent Years: Sex Differences

The purpose of the two studies reported in this paper was to examine the relationship between identity and self-esteem development during the late adolescent years. Subjects in Study 1 completed the Inventory of Psychosocial Development and a semantic differential measure of four components of self-esteem. Using a backwards stepwise multiple regression procedure the IPD scales that were significant predictors of the self-esteem measures were identified for males and for females. The subjects in the second study completed the same instruments. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine if the scales found to be significant predictors of self-esteem in the first study also predicted self-esteem in the second study. This was generally found to be the case except for the Masculinity/Femininity component of self-esteem for males. The findings were interpreted as demonstrating that resolution of identity issues has important implications for self-esteem, and that identity is differentially related to self-esteem for males and females.
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate is not Associated with Alzheimer's Disease in a Northern Ireland Cohort.

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence is increasing globally and typically progresses for several years prior to clinical presentation of dementia. Renal dysfunction and vascular disease have been reported in association with dementia in several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, and may contribute to AD risk. Experimental and observational studies suggest amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance may be impaired in chronic kidney disease (CKD) indicating a mechanism for increased AD risk. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between individuals with AD and cognitively intact controls, controlling for potential confounding factors. METHODS A cross-sectional, case-control study was carried out in 317 cognitively normal participants and 253 cases with a clinical diagnosis of AD in a UK tertiary care dementia clinic. Associations were considered using logistic regression adjusting for confounding variables (age, APOEɛ4 genotype, systolic blood pressure, education (left school at 14), and smoking status). RESULTS AD cases were older than cognitively intact controls, had lower MMSE scores, were more likely to have at least one APOEɛ4 allele, had higher rates of smoking, were more likely to be taking aspirin and/or clopidogrel, and had lower blood pressure. We found no significant association between eGFR and AD both before and following adjustment for appropriate confounders. CONCLUSION This study failed to find an association between eGFR and AD in a cross-sectional sample study of elderly white individuals.
Centralized vs. Decentralized Nursing Stations: Effects on Nurses' Functional Use of Space and Work Environment

Objective: Evidence-based findings of the effects of nursing station design on nurses' work environment and work behavior are essential to improve conditions and increase retention among these fundamental members of the healthcare delivery team. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate how nursing station design (i.e., centralized and decentralized nursing station layouts) affected nurses' use of space, patient visibility, noise levels, and perceptions of the work environment. Background: Advances in information technology have enabled nurses to move away from traditional centralized paper-charting stations to smaller decentralized work stations and charting substations located closer to, or inside of, patient rooms. Improved understanding of the trade-offs presented by centralized and decentralized nursing station design has the potential to provide useful information for future nursing station layouts. This information will be critical for understanding the nurse environment “fit. ” Methods: The study used an exploratory design with both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data regarding the effects of nursing station design on nurses' health and work environment were gathered by means of focus group interviews. Quantitative data-gathering techniques included place- and person-centered space use observations, patient visibility assessments, sound level measurements, and an online questionnaire regarding perceptions of the work environment. Results: Nurses on all units were observed most frequently performing telephone, computer, and administrative duties. Time spent using telephones, computers, and performing other administrative duties was significantly higher in the centralized nursing stations. Consultations with medical staff and social interactions were significantly less frequent in decentralized nursing stations. There were no indications that either centralized or decentralized nursing station designs resulted in superior visibility. Sound levels measured in all nursing stations exceeded recommended levels during all shifts. No significant differences were identified in nurses' perceptions of work control-demand-support in centralized and decentralized nursing station designs. Conclusions: The “hybrid” nursing design model in which decentralized nursing stations are coupled with centralized meeting rooms for consultation between staff members may strike a balance between the increase in computer duties and the ongoing need for communication and consultation that addresses the conflicting demands of technology and direct patient care.
A Bayesian approach to inferring population structure from dominant markers

Molecular markers derived from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA are an important part of the toolkit of evolutionary geneticists. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphisms allow analysis of species for which previous DNA sequence information is lacking, but dominance makes it impossible to apply standard techniques to calculate F‐statistics. We describe a Bayesian method that allows direct estimates of FST from dominant markers. In contrast to existing alternatives, we do not assume previous knowledge of the degree of within‐population inbreeding. In particular, we do not assume that genotypes within populations are in Hardy–Weinberg proportions. Our estimate of FST incorporates uncertainty about the magnitude of within‐population inbreeding. Simulations show that samples from even a relatively small number of loci and populations produce reliable estimates of FST. Moreover, some information about the degree of within‐population inbreeding (FIS) is available from data sets with a large number of loci and populations. We illustrate the method with a reanalysis of RAPD data from 14 populations of a North American orchid, Platanthera leucophaea.
Understanding Public Opposition to a Separate Youth Justice System

This study examined the frequently reported finding that the public believes that youth court sentences are too lenient and that young offenders should be processed in the adult justice system. These beliefs, along with the view that sentences for specific cases should be harsher, were all related to one another in an Ontario, Canada, survey. However, the nature of the relationship was complex, and more detailed analyses suggested that the wish to imprison young offenders was not solely a desire for more punitive responses but instead was due, in part, to perceptions that alternatives to prison were ineffective.