Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of young rural Chinese suicides: a psychological autopsy study

Background Patterns of suicide rates in China differ in many ways from those in the West. This study aimed to identify the risk factors characteristic for young rural Chinese suicides. Method This was a case-control psychological autopsy (PA) study. The samples were suicides and living controls (both aged 15–34 years) from 16 rural counties of China. We interviewed two informants for each suicide and each control with pretested and validated instruments to estimate psychosocial, psychiatric and other risk factors for suicides. Results The prevalence of mental disorders was higher among the young Chinese who died by suicide than among the living controls, but was lower than among suicides in the West. Marriage was not a protecting factor for suicide among young rural Chinese women, and never-married women who were involved in relationships were about three times more likely to commit suicide than single women who were unattached. Religion/religiosity was not a protecting factor in Chinese suicide, as it tended to be stronger for suicides than for controls. Impulsivity was significantly higher for suicides than for controls. Psychological strain, resulting from conflicting social values between communist gender equalitarianism and Confucian gender discrimination, was associated significantly with suicide in young rural Chinese women, even after accounting for the role of psychiatric illness. Conclusions Risk factors for suicide in rural China are different from those in the West. Psychological strain plays a role in suicide. Suicide prevention programs in China should incorporate culture-specific considerations.
Semantic Role Labeling by Tagging Syntactic Chunks

In this paper, we present a semantic role la-beler (or chunker) that groups syntactic chunks (i.e. base phrases) into the arguments of a predicate. This is accomplished by casting the semantic labeling as the classiﬁcation of syntactic chunks (e.g. NP-chunk, PP-chunk) into one of several classes such as the beginning of an ar-gument (B-ARG), inside an argument (I-ARG) and outside an argument (O). This amounts to tagging syntactic chunks with semantic labels using the IOB representation. The chunker is realized using support vector machines as one-versus-all classiﬁers. We describe the representation of data and information used to accomplish the task. We participate in the “closed challenge” of the CoNLL-2004 shared task and report results on both development and test sets.
Distributions of Serum Cotinine and Urinary NNAL among daily Cigarette Smokers and Inter-Correlations

Background/Objectives: Serum cotinine (SCOT) and urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) are often used as biomarkers of tobacco smoke. The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with the variability in the levels of SCOT and NNAL among daily cigarette smokers aged ≥ 20 years and to evaluate co-rrelational patterns between their observed levels. Methods: Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for years 2007 2012 were used. Statistical methodologies including regression models that incorporated sampling weights and sampling design characteristics were used to assess factors associated with the variability in the observed levels of SCOT and NNAL among daily cigarette smokers aged ≥ 20 years as well as to study co-rrelational patterns between the observed levels of SCOT and NNAL. Results: Levels of both SCOT and NNAL increased with increase in age (p < 0.01) but, as estimated by the fitted regression parameters, starting at the age of about 55 years for SCOT and at the age of about 60 years for NNAL, increase in observed levels of both of these of chemicals slowed down. Relationship of both SCOT and NNAL with number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) was mediated by the self-reported values of CPD. Conclusion: While both SCOT and NNAL are useful biomarkers of tobacco smoke, variability in their observed levels with change in such factors as age as well as co-rrelational patterns between them should be kept in mind before any decision is made to estimate “true” level of smoking associated with their observed levels. *Corresponding author: Ram B. Jain, Private Consultant, 2959 Estate View Ct, Dacula, GA, 30019, Tel: 001-910-729-1049; E-mail: Jain.ram. b@gmail.com Citation: Jain, R.B. Distributions of Serum Cotinine and Urinary NNAL among Daily Cigarette Smokers and Inter-Correlations. (2016) J Environ Health Sci 2(2): 113. Distributions of Serum Cotinine and Urinary NNAL among daily Cigarette Smokers and Inter-Correlations
Recognition of radar emitter signals based on SVD and AF main ridge slice

Recognition of radar emitter signals is one of core elements in radar reconnaissance systems. A novel method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and the main ridge slice of ambiguity function (AF) is presented for attaining a higher correct recognition rate of radar emitter signals in case of low signal-to-noise ratio. This method calculates the AF of the sorted signal and ascertains the main ridge slice envelope. To improve the recognition performance, SVD is employed to eliminate the influence of noise on the main ridge slice envelope. The rotation angle and symmetric Holder coefficients of the main ridge slice envelope are extracted as the elements of the feature vector. And kernel fuzzy c-means clustering is adopted to analyze the feature vector and classify different types of radar signals. Simulation results indicate that the feature vector extracted by the proposed method has satisfactory aggregation within class, separability between classes, and stability. Compared to existing methods, the proposed feature recognition method can achieve a higher correct recognition rate.
Relationship between ABO blood groups and oral cancer.

BACKGROUND Cancer is a unique disease characterized by abnormal growth of cells which have the ability to invade the adjacent tissues and sometimes even distant organs. Oral cancer has multifactorial etiology and is significantly associated with risk factors of the individual's lifestyle, particularly, chronic use of tobacco, spicy food, alcohol and smoking. Many studies have indicated that genetic factors also have an influence on the etiology of cancer. AIM To evaluate if any of the ABO blood groups are associated with an increased risk for oral cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted at Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology (KMIO), Bangalore, after obtaining permission from the Director of the institute. The study sample comprised 235 oral cancer patients and 812 controls. For statistical analysis, Chi-square test and odds ratio were used to assess the relationship between ABO blood groups and oral cancer. Probability level was fixed at ≤0.05. RESULTS It was found that people with blood group A had 1.46 times higher risk of developing oral cancer compared to people of other blood groups. CONCLUSION By employing a simple blood grouping test during community field programs, people with blood group A in the age group of 40-59 years having tobacco chewing habits can be apprised that they are more at risk to develop oral cancer than people with other blood groups.
Validation of AshTest as a Non-Invasive Alternative to Transjugular Liver Biopsy in Patients with Suspected Severe Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis

Background/Aims According to guidelines, the histological diagnosis of severe alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) can require liver biopsy if a specific treatment is needed. The blood test AshTest (BioPredictive, Paris, France) has been initially validated for the non-invasive diagnosis of ASH in a large population of heavy drinkers. The aim was to validate the AshTest accuracy in the specific context of use of patients with suspected severe ASH, in order to reduce the need for transjugular biopsy before deciding treatment. Methods The reference was liver biopsy, performed using the transjugular route, classified according to its histological severity as none, minimal, moderate or severe. Biopsies were assessed by the same experienced pathologist, blinded to simultaneous AshTest results. Results A total of 123 patients with severe clinical ASH (recent jaundice and Maddrey function greater or equal to 32) were included, all had cirrhosis and 80% had EASL histological definition of ASH. 95% of patients received prednisolone; and the 2-year mortality was 63%. The high AshTest performance was confirmed both for the binary outcome [AUROC = 0.803 (95%CI 0.684–0.881)] significantly higher than the AST/ALT AUROC [0.603 (0.462–0.714); P<0.001], and for the severity of ASH-score system by the Obuchowski measures for [mean (SE) 0.902 (0.017) vs. AST/ALT 0.833 (0.023); P = 0.01], as well as for the diagnosis and severity of ballooning, PMN and Mallory bodies. According to attributability of discordances, AshTest had a 2–7% risk of 2 grades misclassification. Conclusion These results confirmed the diagnostic performance of AshTest in cirrhotic patients with severe clinical ASH, in the specific context of use of corticosteroid treatment. AshTest is an appropriate non-invasive alternative to transjugular liver biopsy.
Cell cycle regulation as a mechanism for functional separation of the apparently redundant uracil DNA glycosylases TDG and UNG2

Human Thymine-DNA Glycosylase (TDG) is a member of the uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) superfamily. It excises uracil, thymine and a number of chemical base lesions when mispaired with guanine in double-stranded DNA. These activities are not unique to TDG; at least three additional proteins with similar enzymatic properties are present in mammalian cells. The successful co-evolution of these enzymes implies the existence of non-redundant biological functions that must be coordinated. Here, we report cell cycle regulation as a mechanism for the functional separation of apparently redundant DNA glycosylases. We show that cells entering S-phase eliminate TDG through the ubiquitin–proteasome system and then maintain a TDG-free condition until G2. Incomplete degradation of ectopically expressed TDG impedes S-phase progression and cell proliferation. The mode of cell cycle regulation of TDG is strictly inverse to that of UNG2, which peaks in and throughout S-phase and then declines to undetectable levels until it appears again just before the next S-phase. Thus, TDG- and UNG2-dependent base excision repair alternates throughout the cell cycle, and the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway constitutes the underlying regulatory system.
Modelling the Origins of Nationally-Bound Administrative Heritages: A Historical Institutional Analysis of French and British Firms

Various determinants have been proposed to explain the persistence of nationally-bound administrative heritages. In this paper, we propose an overall model that integrates these contingent determinants. Our model is based on historical analysis, a method of theory building that first conceptualizes a model and then utilizes it as an exploratory lens for viewing historical evidence. The originality of our model comes from the theory-based bias that we introduce into the model as a way to avoid the trap of multi-causalism. Specifically, we select a nation's educational system as our model's leading determinant, for educational institutions and particularly schools more than other institutions both shape a nation's beliefs about “how things ought to be done,” and transmit those beliefs and practices to successive generations. We draw the theoretical grounding for this bias using a theory of socialization which posits that the schemas that individuals internalize during their early formative stages of development greatly influence the way that they will later construct reality. We found our model to be useful in clarifying the underlying historical reasons why British and French firms rely on different integrative mechanisms when establishing headquarters-subsidiary linkages. Indeed, by analyzing the history of these two nations and the routines and rationalities imposed by their respective set of institutions in the context of our model, we find an overall mosaic, or gestalt, that is fully consistent with their present-day administrative practices. For example, we find that French managers today tend to heavily rely on centralized controls and headquarters intervention because of the influences of a number of key historical elements. These include the way their ancestors dealt with threats of invasion and ethnic diversity; the leadership styles of past French monarchies and elected officials; the manner in which the French colonies were controlled and the French school system organized; and the way the French government responded to economic problems that came from being a late participant in the two industrial revolutions. These also include the philosophies of the revered seventeenth-century French thinkers; the family structures that have existed in France since the middle ages; and the enduring influence of the Catholic ethos. Similarly, we use our model to present a different, yet equally compelling, mosaic image to explain why British managers have tended to rely on an administrative heritage, based on decentralization, “laissezfaire” and autonomy. Finally, and perhaps most important, we show that the explanation we arrived at using this inductive method of theory building is fully consistent with the empirical conclusions we derived using contemporary methods of organization science. In so doing, we demonstrate that these two approaches, when combined, can inform and enrich theory building and thereby lead to a more thorough understanding of organizational phenomena such as administrative heritage.
Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Four Doses of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Three-Component Acellular Pertussis-Hepatitis B-Inactivated Polio Virus-Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccine Coadministered with 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

Background: The 7-valent pneumococcal (7vPn) conjugate vaccine is licensed for primary and booster vaccination according to the same immunization schedules as routinely recommended diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-based childhood vaccines and can be coadministered during the same vaccination visit. Methods: An open, randomized study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of a hexavalent diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated polio virus-Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib) vaccine and a 7vPn conjugate vaccine when coadministered at 2, 3 and 4 months and 12–23 months of age, compared with the administration of the hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine given alone. Serum antibody titers were measured before and 1 month after the primary course and before and 1 month after the booster dose. Solicited local and general adverse events were recorded for 4 days and unsolicited adverse events were recorded for 30 days after each vaccine dose. Results: A total of 345 subjects were enrolled for primary vaccination with the hexavalent vaccine (170 without and 175 with the 7vPn vaccine coadministered) and 266 returned for booster vaccination (122 without and 144 with coadministration of the 7vPn vaccine). After primary vaccination, antibody responses against the common antigens were similar in both groups, with seroprotection rates of 93.6–100% and with similar antibody decay before booster vaccination. The fourth dose induced a vigorous booster response, with seroprotection/vaccine response rates of 96.8–100%. Response to the 7vPn primary and booster vaccination was within previously reported ranges. Differences in reactogenicity resulted from higher incidences of symptoms after concomitant vaccination. Rectal temperature >39.5°C was observed after 1.2% of the coadministered vaccine doses during primary vaccination and after 2.8% of the booster vaccine doses. Conclusion: Coadministration of the DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib and 7vPn vaccines at separate injection sites during the same vaccination visit was effective and safe.
The Externalities of Strong Social Capital: Post-Tsunami Recovery in Southeast India

Much research has implied that social capital functions as an unqualified ‘public good’, enhancing governance, economic performance, and quality-of-life. Scholars of disaster have extended this concept to posit that social capital provides non-excludable benefits to whole communities after major crises. Using qualitative methods to analyse data from villages in Tamil Nadu, India following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, this article demonstrates that high levels of social capital simultaneously provided strong benefits and equally strong negative externalities, especially to those already on the periphery of society. In these villages, high levels of social capital reduced barriers to collective action for members of the uur panchayats (hamlet councils) and parish councils, speeding up their recovery and connecting them to aid organizations, but at the same time reinforced obstacles to recovery for women, Dalits, migrants, and Muslims. These localized findings have important implications for academic studies of social capital and policy formation for future disasters and recovery schemes.
Integrated automatic expression prediction and speech synthesis from text

Getting a text to speech synthesis (TTS) system to speak lively animated stories like a human is very difficult. To generate expressive speech, the system can be divided into 2 parts: predicting expressive information from text; and synthesizing the speech with a particular expression. Traditionally these blocks have been studied separately. This paper proposes an integrated approach, sharing the expressive synthesis space and training data across the two expressive components. There are several advantages to this approach, including a simplified expression labelling process, support of a continuous expressive synthesis space, and joint training of the expression predictor and speech synthesiser to maximise the likelihood of the TTS system given the training data. Synthesis experiments indicated that the proposed approach generated far more expressive speech than both a neutral TTS and one where the expression was randomly selected. The experimental results also showed the advantage of a continuous expressive synthesis space over a discrete space.
Value Pluralism and Physical Education

any activity intelligibly describable as educational must involve the acquisition of knowledge and understanding, in some recognisable sense of those terms: the second stipulates that what is learned is in some way genuinely worthwhile or beneficial My concern in this paper is with the second of these requirements, and in particular with the question of how physical education might be said to fulfil it. The philosophical exercise of elucidation and analysis called for by this task is worth undertaking, not only for the light that it may shed on some obscure con-
The Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN): a resource for genetic, genomic and developmental research

The Zebrafish Information Network, ZFIN, is a WWW community resource of zebrafish genetic, genomic and developmental research information (http://zfin.org). ZFIN provides an anatomical atlas and dictionary, developmental staging criteria, research methods, pathology information and a link to the ZFIN relational database (http://zfin. org/ZFIN/). The database, built on a relational, object-oriented model, provides integrated information about mutants, genes, genetic markers, mapping panels, publications and contact information for the zebrafish research community. The database is populated with curated published data, user submitted data and large dataset uploads. A broad range of data types including text, images, graphical representations and genetic maps supports the data. ZFIN incorporates links to other genomic resources that provide sequence and ortholog data. Zebrafish nomenclature guidelines and an automated registration mechanism for new names are provided. Extensive usability testing has resulted in an easy to learn and use forms interface with complex searching capabilities.
Education and neoliberal globalization

This collection of essays is about the struggle between the evils of neoliberalism and the unquestioned goodness of Freirean theory. The essays ‘of opposition’ were written and delivered by Carlos Alberto Torres to diverse audiences and in different locations and languages. Yet they contain one overarching message suggesting that neoliberal globalization can be contested, challenged, and undermined by illuminating the moral weakness upon which it has been constructed. The central argument is that neoliberal globalization is leading education away from the state and towards the commodification of a market-led provision. As such, the potential for exploitation, social exclusion and inequalities is increasing.
Užívání nových učebnicových materiálů učiteli 1. stupně ZŠ

Cilem empiricke studie je prezentovat výsledky výzkumu výuky noveho přirodovědneho tematu uciteli 1. stupně ZS podle shodných ucebnicových materialů. Nejprve jsou popsana teoreticka východiska a stav řeseni problematiky uživani ucebnicových materialů uciteli se zřetelem na transformaci netradicniho uciva a na zavaděni netradicnich metodických postupů. V dalsi casti je prezentovana metodologie výzkumu. Výzkumna data byla ziskana analýzou ucebnicových materialů, prostřednictvim rozhovorů s třemi ucitelkami a pozorovanim jejich výuky. Nasledujici casti jsou věnovany výsledkům výzkumu a diskusi. Zkoumane ucitelky při planovani výuky vychazely z navrhu postupu v přirucce pro ucitele, přicemž hloubka jeho promýsleni u nich byla různa a projevila se ve výuce. Jedna navrhy rozvijela, druha je vesměs přejala, ale realizovala neefektivně. Třeti vybirala ucivo i postupy, ktere preferuje. Zvlastě u uciva, ktere je koncipovano nově ci netradicně, hrozi nebezpeci horsi orientace ucitelů ve struktuře uciva, vzdělavacich cilech a navrzich na didakticke zpracovani uciva. Pro některe mohou být ucebnicove materialy zdrojem znalosti obsahu a didaktických znalosti obsahu, pro jine jsou pouze zdrojem didaktických namětů, jejichž zaměry si ucitele mohou vysvětlovat i v rozporu se zaměrem autorů ucebnicových materialů. Porozuměni problemům ucitelů při zavaděni inovaci ve výuce je předpokladem uvažovani o ucinných formach jejich profesni podpory.
A Framework for Narrative-Driven Transformative Learning in Medicine

Like bookends, birth and death contain innumerable narratives that we come to experience, recall, and reflect on in a unique fashion throughout life. In hindsight, the bookmarks we leave behind often refer us to poignant ups and downs, many of which pertain to shifts in personal health as well as the health of those we hold dear. In this article, I will demonstrate how in medical contexts such as a terminal illness, our narratives are driven by assumptions we tend to take for granted or rarely challenge as patients. Drawing from transformative learning theory, I will suggest a framework in which medical practitioners invite narratives with the aim of helping patients identify, challenge, and in some cases transform assumptions about their health and worldviews of medicine.