Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An area-efficient built-in redundancy analysis for embedded memories with optimal repair rate using 2-D redundancy

A novel built-in redundancy analysis (BIRA) is proposed for embedded memories. The proposed BIRA algorithm has two phases. In the first phase, detected faults are collected to area-efficient fault storing content addressable memory (CAM). In order to determine a correct repair solution, spare memories are allocated in the second phase using linear feedback shift register (LFSR) with fast analyzing speed. Experimental results show that the proposed BIRA algorithm achieves optimal repair rate and very low area overhead.
Transmastoid Approach for Resurfacing the Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence with a Dumpling Structure

Background:Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is gradually recognized by otologists in recent years. The patients with SSCD have a syndrome comprising a series of vestibular symptoms and hearing function disorders which can be cured by the operation. In this study, we evaluated the characteristics of patients with SSCD and determined the effectiveness of treating this syndrome by resurfacing the canal via the transmastoid approach using a dumpling structure. Methods:Patients with SSCD, confirmed by high-resolution computed tomography and hospitalized at Beijing Tongren Hospital between November 2009 and October 2012, were included in the study. All of the patients underwent the unilateral transmastoid approach for resurfacing the canal, and received regular follow-up after surgery. Data from preoperative medical records and postoperative follow-up were comparatively analyzed to evaluate the effect of surgery. Results:In total, 10 patients and 13 ears (three left ears, four right ears, three bilateral ears) were evaluated in the study, which included 7 men and 3 women. Different symptoms and distinctive manifestations of vestibular evoked myogenic potential were found in these patients. After surgery, 4 patients had complete resolution, 5 had partial resolution, and 1 patient, with bilateral SSCD, had aggravation. None of the patients suffered from serious complications such as sensorineural hearing loss, facial paralysis, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, or intracranial hypertension. Conclusions:In patients with unilateral SSCD, resurfacing the canal via the transmastoid approach using a dumpling structure is an effective and safe technique. However, more consideration is needed for patients with bilateral SSCD.
Reading and Visual Search: A Developmental Study in Normal Children

Studies dealing with developmental aspects of binocular eye movement behaviour during reading are scarce. In this study we have explored binocular strategies during reading and during visual search tasks in a large population of normal young readers. Binocular eye movements were recorded using an infrared video-oculography system in sixty-nine children (aged 6 to 15) and in a group of 10 adults (aged 24 to 39). The main findings are (i) in both tasks the number of progressive saccades (to the right) and regressive saccades (to the left) decreases with age; (ii) the amplitude of progressive saccades increases with age in the reading task only; (iii) in both tasks, the duration of fixations as well as the total duration of the task decreases with age; (iv) in both tasks, the amplitude of disconjugacy recorded during and after the saccades decreases with age; (v) children are significantly more accurate in reading than in visual search after 10 years of age. Data reported here confirms and expands previous studies on children's reading. The new finding is that younger children show poorer coordination than adults, both while reading and while performing a visual search task. Both reading skills and binocular saccades coordination improve with age and children reach a similar level to adults after the age of 10. This finding is most likely related to the fact that learning mechanisms responsible for saccade yoking develop during childhood until adolescence.
IP Lookup Using the Novel Idea of Scalar Prefix Search with Fast Table Updates

Recently, we have proposed a new prefix lookup algorithm which would use the prefixes as scalar numbers. This algorithm could be applied to different tree structures such as Binary Search Tree and some other balanced trees like RB-tree, AVL-tree and B-tree with minor modifications in the search, insert and/or delete procedures to make them capable of finding the prefixes of an incoming string e.g. an IP address. As a result, the search procedure complexity would be O(log n) where n is the number of prefixes stored in the tree. More important, the search complexity would not depend on the address length w i.e. 32 for IPv4 and 128 for IPv6. Here, it is assumed that interface to memory is wide enough to access the prefix and some simple operations like comparison can be done in O(1) even for the word length w. Moreover, insertion and deletion procedures of this algorithm are much simpler and faster than its competitors. In what follows, we report the software implementation results of this algorithm and compare it with other solutions for both IPv4 and IPv6. It also reports on a simple hardware implementation of the algorithm for IPv4. Comparison results show better lookup and update performances or superior storage requirements for Scalar Prefix Search in both average and worst cases.
Revisiting EMU's stability pact : A pragmatic way forward

The Stability and Growth Pact is under fire. Some countries are meeting major problems in sticking to the rules. Proposals to reform the Pact or ditch it altogether abound. The alleged weaknesses of the Pact tend to reflect trade-offs typical of supra-national arrangements. This aspect has to be factored in when considering reforms of the current fiscal rules: there is no miracle solution. EMU without rules would be an interesting experiment, but a risky policy option. Given the existing degree of political integration in EMU, internal adjustment rather than attempting to redesign the rules from scratch appears a more suitable way forward. Redefining the medium-term budgetary target, improving transparency, tackling the pro-cyclical fiscal bias in good times, moving towards non-partisan application of the rules, and improving transparency in the data can achieve both stronger discipline and higher flexibility. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Mechanisms of Magnetic Orientation in Birds1

Abstract Behavior and electrophysiological studies have demonstrated a sensitivity to characteristics of the Geomagnetic field that can be used for navigation, both for direction finding (compass) and position finding (map). The avian magnetic compass receptor appears to be a light-dependent, wavelength-sensitive system that functions as a polarity compass (i.e., it distinguishes poleward from equatorward rather than north from south) and is relatively insensitive to changes in magnetic field intensity. The receptor is within the retina and is based on one or more photopigments, perhaps cryptochromes. A second receptor system appears to be based on magnetite and might serve to transduce location information independent of the compass system. This receptor is associated with the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and is sensitive to very small (<50 nanotesla) changes in the intensity of the magnetic field. In neither case has a neuron that responded to changes in the magnetic field been traced to a structure that can be identified to be a receptor. Almost nothing is known about how magnetic information is processed within the brain or how it is combined with other sensory information and used for navigation. These remain areas of future research.
Cloning and Functional Studies of a Splice Variant of CYP26B1 Expressed in Vascular Cells

Background All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) plays an essential role in the regulation of gene expression, cell growth and differentiation and is also important for normal cardiovascular development but may in turn be involved in cardiovascular diseases, i.e. atherosclerosis and restenosis. The cellular atRA levels are under strict control involving several cytochromes P450 isoforms (CYPs). CYP26 may be the most important regulator of atRA catabolism in vascular cells. The present study describes the molecular cloning, characterization and function of atRA-induced expression of a spliced variant of the CYP26B1 gene. Methodology/Principal Findings The coding region of the spliced CYP26B1 lacking exon 2 was amplified from cDNA synthesized from atRA-treated human aortic smooth muscle cells and sequenced. Both the spliced variant and full length CYP26B1 was found to be expressed in cultured human endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and in normal and atherosclerotic vessel. atRA induced both variants of CYP26B1 in cultured vascular cells. Furthermore, the levels of spliced mRNA transcript were 4.5 times higher in the atherosclerotic lesion compared to normal arteries and the expression in the lesions was increased 20-fold upon atRA treatment. The spliced CYP26B1 still has the capability to degrade atRA, but at an initial rate one-third that of the corresponding full length enzyme. Transfection of COS-1 and THP-1 cells with the CYP26B1 spliced variant indicated either an increase or a decrease in the catabolism of atRA, probably depending on the expression of other atRA catabolizing enzymes in the cells. Conclusions/Significance Vascular cells express the spliced variant of CYP26B1 lacking exon 2 and it is also increased in atherosclerotic lesions. The spliced variant displays a slower and reduced degradation of atRA as compared to the full-length enzyme. Further studies are needed, however, to clarify the substrate specificity and role of the CYP26B1 splice variant in health and disease.
Field Experiments in Social Psychology

In this article, the authors present the case for field experimentationin social psychology primarily by describing a program of research concerned with psychological aspects of health communication and persuasion. In particular, the authors are most interested in when and for whom are messages emphasizing the benefits of a health behavior (these are called gain-framed messages) more persuasive and motivating than messages emphasizing the costs of not engagingin a behavior(these are called loss-framed messages), andvice-versa. This line of research is as theoretically driven as most laboratory investigations in social psychology, and it involves experimental approaches with random assignment, control groups, and the like. However, most of this work recruits participants in ecologically interesting contexts such as community clinics and housing developments. These especially vulnerable individuals are followed for sufficient periods of time to allow for the assessment of the influence of these health messages on relevant health behaviors such as obtaining a mammogram or acquiring condoms.
Cheap Talk on the Web: The Determinants of Postings on Stock Message Boards

This paper examines the cross-sectional and time-series determinants of message-posting volume on stock message boards on the Web. I test whether variation in message-posting volume is just noise or is related to underlying firm characteristics and stock market activity. Using a sample of over 3,000 stocks listed on Yahoo! message boards, I find that cumulative posting volume is, on average, highest for firms with extreme past returns and accounting performance, high market capitalization, high price-earnings and market-to-book ratios, high volatility and trading volume, high analyst following and low institutional holdings. Changes in daily posting volume are associated with earnings-announcement events and daily changes in stock trading volume and returns. Overnight message-posting volume is found to predict changes in next day stock trading volume and returns. Rational and behavioral explanations for the observed pattern in message-posting activity are discussed.
Determinants of Franchise Values in North American Professional Sports Leagues: Evidence from a Hedonic Price Model

Professional sports teams in North America are privately held corporations. Consequently, they are not required to make audited financial statements publicly available. We use a hedonic price model to analyze transaction prices for professional sports teams from 1969 to 2006. Results indicate that franchise age, facility ownership, number of local competitors, and metropolitan population all have significant hedonic prices. A quality-adjusted price index based on these results indicates the average annual increase in prices over the period exceeded 15%. Long-term sports team owners have experienced significant capital appreciation over the past 40 years, an outcome inconsistent with operating losses.
03 09 61 5 v 1 2 3 Se p 20 03 BeppoSAX observations of rotation-powered pulsars

During its life, BeppoSAX observed several isolated pulsar s, giving important contributions to the knowledge of the phenomenology and properties of the X-ray emission from thi s class of sources. In this paper I review the spectral and timing results obtained from BeppoSAX observations. In par ticular, results on three Crab-like (Crab, PSR B1509-58 and PSR B0540-69) and 3 millisecond pulsars (PSR J0218 +42, PSR B1821-24 and PSR B1937 +21) are reported.
Style Investing, Mutual Fund Flows, and Return Comovement

The theoretical model in Barberis and Shleifer (2003) predicts that style investing, the process of allocating funds at the style level rather than at the individual asset level, generates excess return comovement within styles that can’t be explained by fundamentals. This study uses mutual fund flows to each investment style as a natural proxy for style investing by retail investors and investigates whether style investing by retail investors causes return comovement within styles. The investment styles chosen in our tests are widely used mutual fund styles classified based on size and book-to-market ratio. Comovement is measured using R-squares from regressions of daily security returns on daily returns of its style every three months. Excess comovement is defined as the comovement which deviates from the long-run average comovement in each style. We show that both lagged and contemporaneous mutual fund flows to each style are positively associated with excess return comovement in the style. Following Frazzini and Lamont (2008), we calculate excess flows that are due to the sentiments of style investing as the actual flows minus the passive flows that would have occurred if every style had received identical proportional flows based on lagged total net assets. The excess flows reflect active reallocation decisions by investors and are shown to be positively associated with return comovement in the style. In addition, consistent with the idea that outflows force managers to sell assets in a more immediate term and therefore should cause more return comovement than inflows do, the effect of mutual fund flows on return comovement is shown to be greater for outflows. Overall, these results provide direct evidence that style investing by retail investors causes excess return comovement in the same investment style.
On vertex operator algebras as sl 2 -modules

Suppose that V is a vertex operator algebra (VOA). One of the axioms for a VOA is that V is a module for the Virasoro algebra Vir, and in particular there are operators L(0), L(1), L(−1) in Vir which generate a copy of the Lie algebra sl2(C) represented on V. The purpose of present paper is to study VOAs as modules for sl2, and more generally, to study twisted V -modules as modules for sl2. Our interest in this was stimulated by two sources: the calculations of McKay and Strauss [MS] on the decomposition of an initial segment of the Moonshine module into simple Monster modules, and the results of Li [Li] on VOAs. These paper are related as follows. Among other things, Li establishes that the operator L(−1) is almost an injection. (See Section 2.4 for a precise statement; the results are probably well-known to experts.) Li’s result applies in particular to the Moonshine module V \ [FLM] with its usual decomposition into L(0)-eigenspaces (called “head characters” of the Monster M in [MS]), V \ = V \ 0 ⊕V \ 2 ⊕ · · · . It implies that there are M -invariant injections V \ n → V \ n+1 (n 6= 0) which are induced by L(−1). One can plainly see this effect in the decompositions of [MS]. In this paper we will show dually that L(1) is almost surjective. When applied to V , for example, we obtain decompositions V \ n+1 = L(−1)V \ n ⊕ ker(L(1)|V \ n+1)
Regulatory policy and the location of bio-pharmaceutical FDI in Europe

This paper examines the relationship bewteen cross-country differences in drug price regulation and the location of biopharmaceutical Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Europe. We use a theoretically-grounded location-choice model and data on 294 investments initiated in 27 European countries between 2002 and 2006 to test the hypothesis that biopharmaceutical companies are less likely to locate new investments in countries with more stringent price regulation.
Initial misdiagnosis of melanoma located on the foot is associated with poorer prognosis

AbstractAcral melanoma has been reported to be associated with poorer outcomes than melanoma occurring on other cutaneous sites. It has been suggested that part of this disparity in outcomes may be related to delay in diagnosis. Therefore, we have analyzed the rate of misdiagnoses in patients with melanoma located on the foot and have characterized the influence on the clinical course and survival of the patients. A prospective, computerized melanoma database at the Skin Cancer Center of the University Hospital Essen, Germany was used to identify patients with histologically confirmed melanoma located on the foot between 2002 and July 2013 for subsequent analysis. A cohort of 151 patients diagnosed with primary melanoma located on the foot was identified. One hundred seven patients qualified for subsequent analysis. Forty-two patients were male (39.3%) and 65 (60.7%) were female; the mean age at first diagnosis was 61.6 years (median 66 years). The youngest patient was 19 years, the oldest 88 years old.Of the 107 patients analyzed, 32 (30%) were initially misdiagnosed. Misdiagnoses included chronic wounds, nevi, hematoma, fungal infections, warts, and paronychia. Misdiagnosis caused a median delay in diagnosis of 9 months. The 5-year disease-free survival rate (47.8% vs 72.7%) and the 5-year overall survival rate (63.5% vs 88.4%) were statistically significant lower in the misdiagnosis cohort.The awareness of potentially overlooked melanoma located on the foot has to increase among physicians.To improve early detection and, thus, the prognosis of patients with melanoma located on the foot, taking a biopsy from any suspicious lesion should be taken into consideration as soon as possible.
International Interest Rate Shocks and Monetary Policy in a Small Open Economy

Considering that a significant part of business cycle fluctuations in small open economies could be explained by international interest rate shocks, this paper attempts to characterize the monetary policy rule that is optimal among simple and implementable rules for an economy where international interest rate shocks work as main sources of business cycles. For this purpose, the performances of various monetary policy rules are compared in terms of social welfare based on a standard small open economy model. The main findings of this paper are as follows. First, for a small open economy vulnerable to international interest rate shocks, domestic goods price inflation targeting is the optimal policy rule within a family of simple and implementable monetary policy rules. Second, it is found that exchange rate fluctuations implied by inflation targeting rule expose the monetary authority to a trade-off between total demand stabilization and increased volatility of inflation.
Medical Acute Complications of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young Adults

Background. Frequency and impact of medical complications on short-term mortality in young patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have gone unstudied. Methods. We reviewed data of all first-ever nontraumatic ICH patients between 16 and 49 years of age treated in our hospital between January 2000 and March 2010 to identify medical complications suffered. Logistic regression adjusted for known ICH prognosticators was used to identify medical complications associated with mortality. Results. Among the 325 eligible patients (59% males, median age 42 [interquartile range 34–47] years), infections were discovered in 90 (28%), venous thrombotic events in 13 (4%), cardiac complications in 4 (1%), renal failure in 59 (18%), hypoglycemia in 15 (5%), hyperglycemia in 165 (51%), hyponatremia in 146 (45%), hypernatremia in 91 (28%), hypopotassemia in 104 (32%), and hyperpotassemia in 27 (8%). Adjusted for known ICH prognosticators and diabetes, the only independent complication associated with 3-month mortality was hyperglycemia (plasma glucose >8.0 mmol/L) (odds ratio: 5.90, 95% confidence interval: 2.25–15.48, P < 0.001). Three or more separate complications suffered also associated with increased mortality (7.76, 1.42–42.49, P = 0.018). Conclusions. Hyperglycemia is a frequent complication of ICH in young adults and is independently associated with increased mortality. However, multiple separate complications increase mortality even further.
[13C]Nandrolone excretion in trained athletes: interindividual variability in metabolism.

BACKGROUND Nandrolone is one of the most abused anabolic steroids, and its use in doping is increasing, as revealed by numerous positive cases during recent years in various sports. Different authors have reported the possible natural production of nandrolone metabolites in humans, and some of these authors argued that exhaustive exercise could increase nandrolone production in the body or induce dehydration and consequently lead to an increase of nandrolone metabolites in urine. METHODS Volunteers (n = 22) ingested two 25-mg doses of [(13)C]nandrolone at 24-h intervals and collected urine specimens for 5 days. The labeled nandrolone metabolites 19-norandrosterone and 19-noretiocholanolone were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Interindividual variability was observed in nandrolone excretion patterns and kinetics, as well as for the noretiocholanolone:norandrosterone ratio. The amounts of nandrolone metabolites measured at the excretion peak varied between 1180 and 38 661 microg/L for norandrosterone and 576 and 12 328 microg/L for noretiocholanolone. At the end of the excretion period, the noretiocholanolone:norandrosterone ratio was sometimes >1. The analysis of numerous spot-urine samples allowed the determination of an acceptable correlation between urinary creatinine and specific gravity for placebo- and steroid-treated individuals: y = 0.0052ln(x) + 1.0178 (r(2) = 0.8142) and y = 0.0068ln(x) + 1.0172 (r(2) = 0.7730), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The excretion kinetics and patterns of labeled nandrolone show interindividual variability. More investigations are currently underway to estimate the influence of exhaustive exercises on excretion of labeled nandrolone metabolites in urine.