Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type Iγ90 uropod location in T-lymphocytes and its role in uropod formation

We have previously identified phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type I (PIPKI)γ90 as a T cell uropod component. However, the molecular determinants and functional consequences of its localization remain unknown. In this report, we seek to better understand the mechanisms involved in PIPKIγ90 uropod targeting and the role that PIPKIγ90 plays in T cell uropod formation. During T cell activation, PIPKIγ90 cocaps with the membrane microdomain-associated proteins flotillin-1 and -2 and accumulates in the uropod. We report that the C-terminal 26 amino acid extension of PIPKIγ90 is required for its localization to the uropod. We further use T cells from PIPKIγ90−/− mice and human T cells expressing a kinase-dead PIPKIγ90 mutant to examine the role of PIPKIγ90 in a T cell uropod formation. We find that PIPKIγ90 deficient T cells have elongated uropods on ICAM-1. Moreover, in human T cells overexpression of PIPKIγ87, a naturally occurring isoform lacking the last 26 amino acids, suppresses uropod formation and impairs capping of uropod proteins such as flotillins. Transfection of human T cells with a dominant-negative mutant of flotillin-2 in turn attenuates capping of PIPKIγ90. Our data contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate T cell uropod formation.
- 1-CIE TC 1-34 Testing Colour-Appearance Models

TC1-34, Testing Colour Appearance Models, was established to test various models for the prediction of the colour appearance of object colours. TC1-34 completed the first phase of its plan of work by publishing guidelines for future research on colour-appearance models, completing a series of model tests using reliable visual data, and preparing this progress report on the results gathered to date. TC1-34 presents this report on the current status of color appearance model performance with no recommendation for use of a particular model. The committee plans to formulate a CIE colour appearance model in the coming year that will include features from previously published models. This model, together with previously published and revised models, will then be subjected to further tests by the committee in the coming years. To investigate the performance of models based on their ability to predict the colour appearance of surface colours in simple and complex scenes under various illumination conditions. It is important to note that the activities of this committee are limited to the prediction of the colour appearance of surface colours. Given progress on the development and testing of colour appearance models and increased industrial need for such models, the terms of reference were expanded at the 1996 meeting of CIE Division 1 in Gothenburg, Sweden to include: To recommend one colour appearance model. This model should give due consideration to the findings of other relevant Technical Committees. The final Technical Report should include summary details of all analyses carried out and all models investigated. 1) Establish which models are to be tested. 2) Gather previously published data. 3) Perform model tests. 4) Prepare and publish guidelines for future coordinated research. 5) Prepare CIE technical report (preliminary by 1995). This report represents the status of the committee's work (item 5 above) on the above plan. TC1-34 will continue its work on the formulation of a CIE model and more tests as additional data become available. The ongoing plan of work is as follows: 6) Formulate interim CIE Colour Appearance Model and simplified version. 7) Prepare and publish report on model formulation (during 1997). 8) Gather additional data. 9) Complete additional tests of CIE and other models. 10) Prepare a final report with recommendations (preliminary by 1999). Technical Collection. 2 The committee hopes that the published guidelines will result in additional research on colour-appearance models that can be used to test the CIE model …
TRPA1 and TRPV1 are differentially involved in heat nociception of mice

Two transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, TRPV1 and TRPA1, have been physiologically studied with regard to noxious heat transduction. Evidence argues against these channels as sole transducers of noxious heat or cold, respectively. Moreover, in submammalian species the TRPA1 orthologue shows heat sensitivity.
An automatic method for scoring leg movements in polygraphic sleep recordings and its validity in comparison to visual scoring.

STUDY OBJECTIVES The study presents an automatic method for scoring leg movements in polysomnographic recordings and describes an empirical investigation of its validity. DESIGN Leg movements measured by means of the surface electromyogram activation of the right and left tibialis anterior muscle contained in 24 digitally recorded all-night polysomnograms were analyzed visually according to the American Sleep Disorders Association guidelines by 2 experienced raters and automatically scored using a newly developed electromyogram-based analytical method. Two visual scorings and the automatic scoring were compared in pairs using descriptive and confirmative statistical methods. SETTING N/A. PARTICIPANTS All-night polysomnograms of adaptation nights at the sleep laboratory of 10 patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) according to the International RLS Study Group. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Agreement rates between the 2 well-trained scorers and the automatic method were comparable. Based on the first scorer's results (100%) 92.5% of the movements were detected by the second scorer and 94.3% by the automatic method. When the visual scorings were compared, the rate of false-positive and false-negative errors were 7% and 3%, respectively. Comparing both visual scorings with the results of the automatic scoring yielded false-positive and false-negative rates in the range from 3% to 8%. CONCLUSIONS The degree of accordance between the 2 visual scorings and between the visual and the automatic scorings were comparable. Therefore, this method is valid and may be used for the automatic detection of leg movements in future studies.
Effect of androgen suppression on bone mineral density in patients with prostate cancer.

UNLABELLED The androgen-suppressive therapy (AST) in patients with prostate cancer (PC) may dramatically affect the bone mineral density (BMD), which puts patients at risk of severe adverse effects, such as weight-bearing bone fractures. AIM To study the effect of AST on BMD in patients with non-metastatic hormone-sensitive PC treated with intermittent hormonal therapy, and effect of different total testosterone level on BMD. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2011 to 2013 we treated 56 patients with non-metastatic hormone-naïve PC. Intermittent hormonal treatment with flutamide at a dose of 250 mg 3 times per day with nine monthly injections of luteinizing gonadotropic releasing hormone (LGnRH) ["treatment" period] followed by period of observance ("no treatment") was administered. We evaluated the BMD of lumbar spine and both proximal thighs by means of dual-energy x-ray densitometry at the end of "treatment" period and at the end of "no treatment" period. RESULTS During the first treatment period, 44 of 56 patients (78.6%) experienced the reduction in BMD in both lumbar spine and thighs. Total testosterone level in all patients dropped to castration level. During the first period of "no treatment" there was an increase in BMD (p < 0.05) in 30 (68.2%) of 44 patients. The median time to recovery of total testosterone level to the level > 50 ng/dl was 91 days (from 30 to 308 days), and > 100 ng/dl was 110 days (from 49 to 343 days). The changes in BMD positively correlated with the changes in total testosterone level (correlation 0.18 [95% CI, 0.04-0.27], p = 0.009). The decline in total testosterone level in serum was followed by the decline in BMD value in the studied areas, and vice versa. CONCLUSIONS The changes in BMD positively correlated with changes in total testosterone level. The BMD decreases during the androgen suppression and increases during the pause in the treatment. This demonstrates the benefit of intermittent AST in preventing osteoporosis, pathological bone fractures and possibly, bone metastases.
Characteristics of Clinical Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from British Columbia

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are significant public health threats. Although STEC O157 are recognized foodborne pathogens, non-O157 STEC are also important causes of human disease. We characterized 10 O157:H7 and 15 non-O157 clinical STEC derived from British Columbia (BC). Eae, hlyA, and stx were more frequently observed in STEC O157, and 80 and 100% of isolates possessed stx 1 and stx 2, respectively. In contrast, stx 1 and stx 2 occurred in 80 and 40% of non-O157 STEC, respectively. Comparative genomic fingerprinting (CGF) revealed three distinct clusters (C). STEC O157 was identified as lineage I (LI; LSPA-6 111111) and clustered as a single group (C1). The cdi gene previously observed only in LII was seen in two LI O157 isolates. CGF C2 strains consisted of diverse non-O157 STEC while C3 included only O103:H25, O118, and O165 serogroup isolates. With the exception of O121 and O165 isolates which were similar in virulence gene complement to STEC O157, C1 O157 STEC produced more Stx2 than non-O157 STEC. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) screening revealed resistance or reduced sensitivity in all strains, with higher levels occurring in non-O157 STEC. One STEC O157 isolate possessed a mobile bla CMY-2 gene transferrable across genre via conjugation.
Vulnerability to childhood depression : race and age differences

This study examined race and age differences in children’svulnerability to depression, negative life events, and negative attributional styles to explain these events. The relationship between parent-child depression and explanatory styles was also assessed. There were no significant age or race differences in depression. There were no significant racial differences in attributional or inferential styles. Younger children reported more internal and global attributional styles than older children. Younger children reported the consequences of negative life events as more disastrous than older children. In younger Caucasians, negative life events were the only predictors of depression in the equations assessing the role of attributional styles and stress in predicting depression. In older Caucasians, STAGLO predicted depression. In the equations assessing the role of inferential styles and stress in predicting depression, there was a significant consequence-stress interaction in older Caucasians. In older African- Americans, only stress predicted depression. In younger African-Americans, no cognitive style predicted depression. When groups were collapsed across race, negative life events and STAGLO were the only predictors of depression in the equations assessing attributional style and stress. The interaction terms were not significant. For equations assessing the role of event consequences and stress, there was a significant consequence-stress interaction in both age groups. Higher depression scores in parents were associated with higher child depression, more internal child attributions, and a greater tendency for the child to view the self as flawed.
Isotonic Regression Based-Method in Quantitative High-Throughput Screenings for Genotoxicity

Quantitative high-throughput screenings (qHTSs) for genotoxicity are conducted as part of comprehensive toxicology screening projects. The most widely used method is to compare the dose-response data of a wild-type and DNA repair gene knockout mutants, using model-fitting to the Hill equation (HE). However, this method performs poorly when the observed viability does not fit the equation well, as frequently happens in qHTS. More capable methods must be developed for qHTS where large data variations are unavoidable. In this study, we applied an isotonic regression (IR) method and compared its performance with HE under multiple data conditions. When dose-response data were suitable to draw HE curves with upper and lower asymptotes and experimental random errors were small, HE was better than IR, but when random errors were big, there was no difference between HE and IR. However, when the drawn curves did not have two asymptotes, IR showed better performance (p < 0.05, exact paired Wilcoxon test) with higher specificity (65% in HE vs. 96% in IR). In summary, IR performed similarly to HE when dose-response data were optimal, whereas IR clearly performed better in suboptimal conditions. These findings indicate that IR would be useful in qHTS for comparing dose-response data.
Generation of natural killer cells: an autonomous function of the bone marrow

Generation of natural killer (NK) cells in spleens from radiation chimeras produced between pairs of histocompatible 'high' and 'low' NK- reactive mouse strains has been investigated. Spleen cells of high- reactive recipients reconstituted with bone marrow from low-reactive mice were found to be low reactive. Conversely, spleen cells of low mice grafted with bone marrow or fetal liver cells from high donors were high reactive. Similarly, the age-related changes of NK activity were shown to be expressed at the bone marrow precursor cell level. These results indicate that the generation of natural killer cells is an inborn and autonomous function of the bone marrow and does not depend on the genotype or other influences of the host environment.
Processing Relative Clause Extractions in Swedish

Relative clauses are considered strong islands for extraction across languages. Swedish comprises a well-known exception, allegedly allowing extraction from relative clauses (RCE), raising the possibility that island constraints may be subject to “deep variation” between languages. One alternative is that such exceptions are only illusory and represent “surface variation” attributable to independently motivated syntactic properties. Yet, to date, no surface account has proven tenable for Swedish RCEs. The present study uses eyetracking while reading to test whether the apparent acceptability of Swedish RCEs has any processing correlates at the point of filler integration compared to uncontroversial strong island violations. Experiment 1 tests RCE against licit that-clause extraction (TCE), illicit extraction from a non-restrictive relative clause (NRCE), and an intransitive control. For this, RCE was found to pattern similarly to TCE at the point of integration in early measures, but between TCE and NRCE in total durations. Experiment 2 uses RCE and extraction from a subject NP island (SRCE) to test the hypothesis that only non-islands will show effects of implausible filler-verb dependencies. RCE showed sensitivity to the plausibility manipulation across measures at the first potential point of filler integration, whereas such effects were limited to late measures for SRCE. In addition, structural facilitation was seen across measures for RCE relative to SRCE. We propose that our results are compatible with RCEs being licit weak island extractions in Swedish, and that the overall picture speaks in favor of a surface rather than a deep variation approach to the lack of island effects in Swedish RCEs.
The Role of Race in the Development of Plans for a Graduate Degree

Analyzing three-year longitudinal data from 18 diverse four-year institutions, this study investigated the role of race in the solidifying plans for a graduate degree. Net of other influences, African American and Hispanic students were significantly less likely than their White classmates to lower their plans for a graduate degree. However, additional findings suggest that different conceptual models are required to account for educational plans among the three racial subgroups.
Understanding the origin of CMB constraints on dark energy

We study the observational constraints of cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization anisotropies on models of dark energy, with special focus on models with variation in properties of dark energy with time. We demonstrate that the key constraint from CMB observations arises from the location of acoustic peaks. An additional constraint arises from the limits onNR from the relative amplitudes of acoustic peaks. Further, we show that the distance to the last scattering surface is not how the CMB observations constrain the combination of parameters for models of dark energy. We also use constraints from supernova observations and show that unlike the gold and silver samples, the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) sample prefers a region of parameter space that has a significant overlap with the region preferred by the CMB observations. This is a verification of a conjecture made by us in an earlier work. We discuss combined constraints fromWilkinsonMicrowaveAnisotropyProbe 5-yr and SNLS observations. We find that models with w �− 1 are preferred for models with a constant equation-of-state parameters. In case of models with a time-varying dark energy, we show that constraints on evolution of dark energy density are almost independent of the type of variation assumed for the equation-of-state parameter. This makes it easy to get approximate constraints from CMB observations on arbitrary models of dark energy. Constraints on models with a time-varying dark energy are predominantly due to CMB observations, with supernova constraints playing only a marginal role.
A novel method for monitoring the localization of cytochromes P450 and other endoplasmic reticulum membrane associated proteins: a tool for investigating the formation of metabolons

In plants and possibly other organisms, channelling of the reactive intermediates resulting from P450 oxygenation is thought to require the formation of supramolecular complexes associating membrane‐bound and soluble enzymes. This implies a most probably loose membrane association of the soluble proteins. For the assessment of such membrane association in vivo, we propose an imaging strategy based on the accurate evaluation of fluorescent protein repartition and distance around endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules. It requires candidate protein fusion constructs with fluorescent reporters and transient expression in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. The method was tested with soluble eGFP/mRFP1, with various P450 and P450 reductase fluorescent fusions, and with anchored eGFP/mRFP1. It easily differentiated soluble and anchored proteins and detects subtle changes in ER tubules. The method was further assessed with a soluble protein previously shown to be loosely associated with the ER, the phenylalanine ammonia lyase PAL1 involved in the lignin biosynthetic pathway. This protein was found located in close vicinity to the ER. Taken together, these data indicate that the method proposed herein is suitable to monitor membrane association and relocalization of soluble proteins involved in the formation of metabolons.
New directions on agile methods: a comparative analysis

Agile software development methods have caught the attention of software engineers and researchers worldwide. Scientific research is yet scarce. This paper reports results from a study, which aims to organize, analyze and make sense out of the dispersed field of agile software development methods. The comparative analysis is performed using the method's life-cycle coverage, project management support, type of practical guidance, fitness-for-use and empirical evidence as the analytical lenses. The results show that agile software development methods, without rationalization, cover certain/different phases of the software development life-cycle and most of them do not offer adequate support for project management. Yet, many methods still attempt to strive for universal solutions (as opposed to situation appropriate) and the empirical evidence is still very limited. Based on the results, new directions are suggested In principal, it is suggested to place emphasis on methodological quality - not method quantity.
An ant colony approach to regenerator placement with fault tolerance in optical networks

This paper introduces an ant colony optimisation algorithm for the optimal placement of regenerators in optical networks. The algorithm guarantees survivability of the underlying network whilst also minimising the number of regenerators required. These are vital requirements in optical networks as the cost of regeneration equipment is very high. However, minimisation of the number of regenerator sites must be achieved whilst maintaining alternative lightpaths in the event of equipment failure. The latter constraint is one which does not appear to have been adequately addressed by research literature to date. Weaknesses in other published formulations of this problem are analysed and shown not to guarantee fault tolerance in all circumstances or to be too restrictive in establishing the existence of alternative paths. Following this, a new model is introduced in the form of a minimum k-connected k-dominating set problem with shared risk resource groups. A greedy algorithm is then introduced and modified into an ant colony optimisation approach. The two algorithms are tested against one another and the ant colony heuristic is seen to produce superior results with reasonable runtimes.
Mentoring others : A dispositional and motivational approach q

Dispositional andmotivational variables related to thepropensity tomentor others and to the provision of career and psychosocial mentoring were examined. Results indicated that prosocial personality variables (other-oriented empathy, helpfulness) related to willingness to mentor others and also accounted for unique variance beyond variables associated with life and career stages. Other-oriented empathy related to actual experience as a mentor. Results also indicated that motives for mentoring others differentially related to psychosocial and career mentoring. 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Temporal distribution of autobiographical memory: uncovering the reminiscence bump in Japanese young and middle-aged adults

The reminiscence bump is the effect that people recall more personal events from their teenage period than from adjacent lifetime periods. The effect is generally found in studies that divide the results of participants, who were at least 40 years old, into age bins of 10 years. In this study, the temporal distribution of autobiographical memories of Japanese young and middle-aged adults was examined. Because the questionnaire was presented on the internet, many participants could take part (N = 252). By dividing the personal events into smaller age bins and applying a mathematical method that corrects for the increased recall of recent events, a reminiscence bump could be identified in the memories of young adults. The location of the reminiscence bump of young adults was similar to the location of the reminiscence bump of middle-aged adults.
English Immersion in Paraguay: Individual and Sociocultural Dimensions of Language Learning and Use

This investigation of English immersion learners explored processes of learning English, patterns of language use, and levels of comprehensibility among 34 predominantly Spanish-speaking 12th graders at the American School of Asuncion in Asuncion, Paraguay. The analysis of data from language learning histories, group interviews, perceived comprehensibility ratings, and questionnaires about language use led to the identification of linguistic dimensions affecting comprehensibility and of individual and sociocultural dimensions related to language learning and use. When judging comprehensibility, the native-speaker raters were influenced mainly by prosodic elements and overall fluency. Higher comprehensibility corresponded to girls as well as to students with some schooling in English language contexts, aspects of integrative motivation and more frequent L2 use. Findings were congruent with studies in immersion education, second language acquisition, sociolinguistics and social psychology.