Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why Co‐Creation Experience Matters? Creative Experience and its Impact on the Quantity and Quality of Creative Contributions

This article introduces ‘virtual design competitions’ as a new means of opening up the innovation process and enriching the companies, ‘design‐ideas’ by utilizing the creativity of a multiplicity of external designers and enthused consumers all over the world. The ‘Swarovski Enlightened™ jewellery design competition’, explored in this study, demonstrates the enormous potential of virtual co‐creation platforms. It further highlights the importance of the co‐creation experience and its impact on the quantity and quality of designs submitted. First, we introduce the idea of virtual co‐creation platforms and the requirements on the design of such a platform. Second, we explore the impact of the co‐creation experience on the content contributed by participants. Our study shows that co‐creation experience significantly impacts the number of contributions by consumers as well as the quality of submitted designs. Our paper contributes to a better theoretic understanding of the impact of a participant's perceived autonomous, enjoyable, and competent experience, as well as participants' perceived sense of community on their experience. From a managerial perspective, it provides guidance in designing successful idea and design competitions. While innovation managers may be interested in creative contributions, for participants, it is the experience which matters. Fully featured community platforms rather than single idea submission websites are required to attract creative users to submit their ideas and designs.
Exact solution and thermodynamics of the Hubbard model with infinite-range hopping.

The Hubbard model with unconstrained hopping of the particles on a lattice is solved exactly. It is shown that in this case the kinetic energy commutes with the interaction part, i.e., the model is essentially trivial. The thermodynamics is worked out explicitly. One finds that the results of the quasichemical approximation for the occupation probability of lattice sites are exact for this model. The ground state is insulating at half-filling and Ug0 and is conducting otherwise.
Operating Performance and Merger Benefits: The Savings and Loan Experience

This research examines the operating performance benefits attained by merging savings institutions. Merging and nonmerging savings and loan associations are compared before and after the merger year on the basis of financial performance. A univariate test of differences and a multivariate test, probit analysis, are used to distinguish between the two groups. Improvements in operating performance are found for the merged savings institutions.
An Experimental Investigation of Retention and Rotation Requirements

This paper provides results of an experiment designed to investigate how mandatory rotation or retention of auditors may affect auditor reporting. Repeat audit engagements are believed to be a source of economic rents to auditors, and as such they are believed to pose a threat to auditor independence. Our study examines under controlled experimental conditions whether mandatory rotation would materially increase auditors' independence compared to similar settings in which the requirement is not imposed on auditor-client relationships. Our experimental design includes four settings. The first setting has neither mandatory retention nor mandatory rotation and is a benchmark for comparing the other three. The second setting has mandatory retention, without a rotation requirement. The third has mandatory rotation but not retention, and the fourth has both retention and rotation. We find that in the setting without mandatory retention or rotation, managers made investments at levels higher than predicted by our model, and auditors issued a high frequency of reports that favored management. In the retention setting, auditors reported more conservatively than in the baseline setting. Once the retention period ended, however, auditors and managers converged to the same type of cooperative behavior observed in the base setting. In the setting with a rotation requirement, auditors reported more conservatively than they did in the previous two settings. The lower frequency of favorable reports was also observed in the non-rotation periods of the rotation setting. This outcome was not predicted by our model, and it suggests a spillover effect of the rotation requirement to non rotation periods. Our fourth setting included both retention and rotation requirements. We found that this setting had the highest level of conservative reporting but only nominally so relative to the setting with only mandatory rotation. Investment levels were also relatively high, but only in the retention periods and in the period of mandatory rotation; dropping materially in the one period in which the manager had the choice of dismissing the auditor. This result is consistent with the model's predictions since the manager could lower the investment in that one period and still expect the auditor to provide a favorable report.
Principles of Disaster Planning for the Pediatric Population

Unique physiological, developmental, and psychological attributes of children make them one of the more vulnerable populations during mass-casualty incidents. Because of their distinctive vulnerabilities, it is crucial that pediatric needs are incorporated into every stage of disaster planning. Individuals, families, and communities can help mitigate the effects of disasters on pediatric populations through ongoing awareness and preventive practices. Mitigation efforts also can be achieved through education and training of the healthcare workforce. Preparedness activities include gaining Emergency Medical Services for Children Pediatric Facility Recognition, conducting pediatric disaster drills, improving pediatric surge capacity, and ensuring that the needs children are incorporated into all levels of disaster plans. Pediatric response can be improved in a number of ways, including: (1) enhanced pediatric disaster expertise; (2) altered decontamination protocols that reflect pediatric needs; and (3) minimized parent-child separation. Recovery efforts at the pediatric level include promoting specific mental health therapies for children and incorporating children into disaster relief and recovery efforts. Improving pediatric emergency care needs should be at the forefront of every disaster planner's agenda.
Survey of Corporate Financial Behavior of Indian MNCs

This paper attempts to capture the similarities and differences in the corporate financial behavior of Indian MNCs. The primary information has been collected through responses of senior financial executives of identified Indian MNCs on a questionnaire developed on well-known Duke Special Survey on Corporate Financial Policies (Graham & Harvey, 2001) with addition of twelve questions to comprehensively cover various aspects of corporate financial practices by Indian MNCs. Though results indicate similarities to a large extent in investment, financing, management control and dividend practices but significant differences are also observed in practices. The results support previous studies in corporate financial behavior of companies exhibiting differences in their practices due to their size and industry characteristics. It further extends to identifying differences in their behavior attributable to differences in multi-nationality rank, number of foreign subsidiaries and foreign equity holdings. Keywords: Corporate financial behavior, MNC finance
Fairness perceptions and work attitudes revisited: roles of employee specialty, hospital level and ownership

Compensation is widely acknowledged as an important job element in the eyes of employees. Health care is a special industry in which compensation received by employees differs greatly. This study examines empirically the relationships between hospital employees' perceptions of compensation fairness and their work attitudes, taking into account the roles of employee specialty, hospital level and ownership. Using data from 2,938 employees of thirty hospitals in Taiwan, the results indicate that fairness perceptions and work attitudes differ significantly among hospital employees according to their specialties. Hospital level and ownership exert impacts on employees' fairness perceptions, although not on their work attitudes. A positive relationship is observed between fairness perceptions and work attitudes of hospital employees.
Pathogenesis and vascular integrity of breast cancer brain metastasis

Dogma dictates that brain metastasis originate from the proliferation of extravasated tumor cells and that the blood–brain barrier (BBB) prevents the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumors. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between tumor localization and progression and the involvement of BBB function in a murine model of breast cancer brain metastasis. Green fluorescent protein expressing MDA‐MB435 breast cancer cells were injected into the left ventricle of nude mice. At various time points, the entire vasculature was labeled with rhodamine‐conjugated albumin. The tumors and vasculature were then imaged by laser‐scanning confocal and stereo fluorescence microscopy. About 75% of the cells that reached the brain extravasated and grew perivascularly. Twenty five percent of the cells, however, proliferated within the vasculature and ultimately led to thrombosis‐like infarction of the brain parenchyma. The tumorigenic “embolus” served as a sustained release source of tumor cells to downstream sites. Continuing intravascular tumor expansion led to disruption of the BBB and to overflow of cells that progressed along the vessels perivascularly to distant sites that regained protection of the BBB. Breast cancer brain metastases involve both extravascular and intravascular growth of tumor cells. These distinct pathways contribute to different pathological phenotypes that generate a heterogeneous BBB that facilitates or inhibits the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumor. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[(2R,3S,5R)-3-Acetoxy-5-(5-formyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methyl acetate

In the two independent but very similar molecules (A and B) of the title compound, C14H16N2O8, both six-membered pyrimidine rings are nearly planar [maximum deviations = 0.010 (3) Å in A and 0.028 (3) Å in B]. The five-membered furanose ring in molecule A adopts an envelope conformation, while the same ring in molecule B has a twisted conformation. In the crystal, the A molecules are linked via a pair of intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers. Each A molecule is further linked to a B molecule via a second N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. There are also a number of C—H⋯·O interactions present, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional network.
Institutional Framework, Corporate Ownership Structure, and R&D Investment: An International Analysis

We combine agency theory with the law and finance approach to analyze how the legal protection of investors and the corporate ownership structure affect the corporate investment in research and development (R&D). We use information from 1,091 firms from the five most R&D intensive industries in 19 developed countries. Our results show that the better protection of investors’ rights by the institutional environment has a positive influence on corporate R&D. We also find that corporate ownership concentration works as a substitute for legal protection. This finding means that the R&D investment of the firms in the countries with poor legal protection increases as long as the ownership becomes more concentrated. Our results also show that the identity of shareholders has a relevant effect: Whereas banks and nonfinancial institutions as shareholders result in lower R&D, institutional investors as shareholders increase the corporate investment in R&D.
Debating Developments in New Public Financial Management: The Limits of Global Theorising and Some New Ways Forward

This article provides an overview of the key findings and reflections of a detailed, two year comparative study examining experiences with, and without, New Public Financial Management (NPFM) reforms in eleven different countries. The study highlights the problems of trying to explain such developments through simplistic explanatory variables and emphasises the need for alternative modes of analysis more closely rooted in the different national traditions and values associated with the provision of public services.
The Effectiveness of Fed Intervention on the USD/DM Foreign Exchange Market

This study empirically examines the effectiveness of Fed intervention on the USD/DM exchange market using an event study approach. The event window is defined as 4 (8) days prior/post an intervention. Based on the empirical analysis, the results show that when the Fed follows an "against the wind" policy, exchange rate movements are smoothed and may switch direction. The results are robust and hold for different event window definitions and sample ranges. To test whether the results are due to the exchange rate movement itself, we conduct a simple test using customer trades by the Fed. The results do not exhibit a systematic pattern. We also find that a joint intervention has a stronger impact on the exchange rate level when the Fed buys US dollars. The policy implication of our findings is that intervention in foreign exchange markets on the part of the Fed to impact the value of the US dollar is a viable policy option.
Multi-Factor Dynamic Investment Under Uncertainty

We characterize a firm's optimal factor adjustment when any number of factors face "kinked" linear adjustment costs so that all factor accumulation is costly to reverse. We first consider a general non-stationary case with a concave operating profit function, unrestricted form of uncertainty and a horizon of arbitrary length. We show that the optimal investment strategy follows a control limit policy at each point in time. The state space of the firm's problem is partitioned into various domains, including a continuation region where no adjustment should optimally be made to factor levels. We then consider two specific model classes and exploit their special structure to derive expressions for their continuation regions.
Late‐onset cobalamin‐C disorder: A challenging diagnosis

Cobalamin‐C (cblC) disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to defective intracellular cobalamin metabolism. There are few (13) reported patients of the late‐onset presentation of cblC disease with paucity of detailed clinical descriptions. This results in this condition being easily missed. In this report, we describe clinical and biochemical findings of two unrelated patients with late‐onset cblC disease who presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Serial MRI images are provided for one of these patients. Presumptive diagnosis was made with urine and plasma biochemical markers and confirmed with fibroblast analysis. These patients illustrate the challenging diagnosis of this disease and also report on the rare associated findings of vasculopathy and mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction. Mutation analysis of the MMACHC gene showed that both patients were homozygous for 394C → T which suggests a founder effect. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Equity of Health Care Financing in Iran: The Effect of Extending Health Insurance to the Uninsured

This paper examines the progressivity of health insurance premiums and consumer co-payments in Iran by calculating Kakwani Progressivity Indices using data from annual national household surveys between 1995/96 and 2006/07. During this period, the Urban Inpatient Insurance Scheme in 2000 and the Rural Health Insurance Scheme in 2005 extended health insurance coverage in urban and rural areas. Unexpectedly, the results suggest that both of these initiatives had regressive impacts on the distribution of health care financing in Iran, which could be explained by public sector activity having crowded out private sector charitable activity. Although this study does not address changes in the distribution of health care utilization, these results for health care financing suggest the need for caution in the implementation of such programmes in low-income and middle-income countries. If charitable activity already results in the provision of health care to the poor at zero or low prices, public intervention may not improve the progressivity of health care financing.
Do Venture Capitalists' Implicit Theories on New Business Success/Failure have Empirical Validity?

In assessing new business proposals, venture capitalists rely on their own implicit theories (beliefs) about the attributes that a potentially successful business should possess. From these 'commonsense theories' venture capitalists develop decision rules (selection criteria) to assess the potential viability (and likely profitability) of new business proposals. Although identifying these selection criteria is important, it is also important to determine whether the criteria actually work; that is, are they related to future business success? Despite a call for such confirmatory research, there have only been a handful of studies to date that have attempted to validate venture capitalists' selection criteria. This article reviews and analyses previous empirical studies examining the reasons for small and mediumenterprise success and failure, and the results provide support for (validate) the selection criteria developed for a sample of UK venture capitalists.
How are defence companies responding to EU defence and security market liberalization? A comparative study of Norway and Sweden

ABSTRACT A new European Union Directive (Defence and Security Procurement Directive 2009/81/EC) intends to liberalize the European defence market. This article investigates whether this Directive leads to a more liberalized European defence market and how the defence companies respond to these changes, by carrying out a set of interviews with a selected sample of some of the most important defence contractors in Norway and Sweden. The article points out two main results. (1) The defence companies believe that the liberalization of the European defence market will at best be partial and fear that the new regulations might end up favouring the larger nations (e.g., Germany, the United Kingdom and France) at the expense of the smaller countries (e.g., Norway and Sweden). (2) The companies' scepticism and response to the Directive vary according to the defence industrial policy regime they are part of and their position in the defence industrial value-chain.
The connection between trust and knowledge management: what are its implications for team performance

The latest buzzwords in organizational change and development literature are “knowledge management” and “knowledge transfer”, which proponents claim are successful ways of improving and enhancing employees’ performance. Moreover, trust and the ability of employees to work in an autonomous manner are often cited as being essential for the effectiveness of self‐managed teams. Little however, is known on the effect of interpersonal trust on knowledge management (acquisition) of team members, and the consequences for team performance. A survey of 49 self‐managing teams was carried out to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of interpersonal trust, knowledge acquisition, and team performance. Overall, findings support that most interpersonal trust dimensions are positively related to the variables of knowledge acquisition. The results also showed that the effects of interpersonal trust on team performance to a large extent are mediated by the intervening variables of knowledge acquisition.
The intensification of teachers' work and the role of changed public sector philosophy.

Based on labour process theory proposing that work intensification is integral to the exploitation and subordination of labour, this study uses case-data from an Australian Primary School (APS) to analyse changes to teachers' work, work intensification and its causes. In particular, the study seeks to determine whether broader public sector management changes contribute to work intensification. The study contends that the adoption of business model approaches to public sector management have effected change in the education sector and influenced teachers' workloads and working hours. Using teachers' reports of extended working hours, work overload and perceptions of pressure and exploitation, the paper concludes that increasing 'managerialism' in the public sector helps to explain teachers' work intensification.
Flotation Cost Allowance for the Regulated Firm: A Comment

IN A RECENT ARTICLE, Enrique Arzac and Matityahu Marcus [1] develop a flotation cost adjustment for the allowed rate of return of a regulated firm based on the classic growth model of Miller and Modigliani [3] and Gordon [2]. However, the model from which their adjustment formula was obtained violates the exogenously given investment pattern of the utility. In consequence, their adjustment consistently overcompensates for flotation costs. The purpose of this comment is to derive the correct regulatory adjustment for flotation costs in the context of the Gordon growth model. According to the investment opportunities approach of Miller and Modigliani [3], a model formally equivalent to Arzac and Marcus' model adjusted for flotation costs may be expressed as:
Contrarian and momentum trading: a review of the literature

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to critically review the literature on contrarian and momentum trading strategies and identify areas for future research. Design/methodology/approach - – Critical review and discussion of the literature. Findings - – The extant literature is dynamic and is typified by a number of open questions. Research limitations/implications - – The open questions in the literature relate mainly to the driving forces of investment performance, and the role of risk and asset pricing as well as behavioral human traits. The literature is vast and therefore difficult to classify, cover and discuss. Practical implications - – The paper indicates the possible need for: the development of different asset pricing models and propositions that can have practical implications at a more international context. Originality/value - – The paper provides a critical review of the literature and identifies open issues for future research.
Job Satisfaction Of Restaurant Employees: An Empirical Investigation Using The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire

The primary purpose of this study was to examine job satisfaction of restaurant employees working in nonsupervisory positions. A survey instrument including the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) short form and demographic questions was used in the study. Factor analysis was conducted to investigate the dimensions of the MSQ short form. A total of 798 usable surveys from 52 restaurants, representing a 50.5% response rate, were included in the analysis. The factor analysis resulted in a four-factor structure of the MSQ short form. A low level of satisfaction was indicated by 50.2% of the respondents, whereas 25.6% indicated an average level and 24.2% a high level of job satisfaction. Security was ranked as the highest and compensation was ranked as the lowest of the examined items. Significant differences in job satisfaction scores were found between the pairs within the subgroups of age, job tenure, gender, and job type.