Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes and Complications of Cortical Button Distal Biceps Repair: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Objectives. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical outcomes and complications of the cortical button distal biceps fixation method. Material and Methods. All methods followed the PRISMA guidelines. Included studies had to describe clinical outcomes and complications after acute distal biceps repair with cortical button fixation. Eligibility criteria also included English language, more than 5 cases with minimum follow-up of 6 months, and preferably usage of at least one relevant clinical score (MEPS, ASES, and/or DASH) for final outcome. A loss of at least 30° in motion—flexion, extension, pronation, or supination—and a loss of at least 30% of strength were considered an unsatisfactory result. Results. The review identified 7 articles including 105 patients (mean age 43.6 years) with 106 acute distal biceps ruptures. Mean follow-up was 26.3 months. Functional outcome of ROM regarding flexion/extension and pronation/supination was satisfactory in 94 (89.5%) and 86 (82%) patients in respect. Averaged flexion and supination strength had been reported in 6/7 studies (97 patients) and were satisfactory in 82.4% of them. The most common complication was transient nerve palsy (14.2%). The overall reoperation rate was 4.8% (5/105 cases). Conclusion. Cortical button fixation for acute distal biceps repair is a reproducible operation with good clinical results. Most of the complications can be avoided with appropriate surgical technique.
RSR-2, the Caenorhabditis elegans Ortholog of Human Spliceosomal Component SRm300/SRRM2, Regulates Development by Influencing the Transcriptional Machinery

Protein components of the spliceosome are highly conserved in eukaryotes and can influence several steps of the gene expression process. RSR-2, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of the human spliceosomal protein SRm300/SRRM2, is essential for viability, in contrast to the yeast ortholog Cwc21p. We took advantage of mutants and RNA interference (RNAi) to study rsr-2 functions in C. elegans, and through genetic epistasis analysis found that rsr-2 is within the germline sex determination pathway. Intriguingly, transcriptome analyses of rsr-2(RNAi) animals did not reveal appreciable splicing defects but instead a slight global decrease in transcript levels. We further investigated this effect in transcription and observed that RSR-2 colocalizes with DNA in germline nuclei and coprecipitates with chromatin, displaying a ChIP-Seq profile similar to that obtained for the RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII). Consistent with a novel transcription function we demonstrate that the recruitment of RSR-2 to chromatin is splicing-independent and that RSR-2 interacts with RNAPII and affects RNAPII phosphorylation states. Proteomic analyses identified proteins associated with RSR-2 that are involved in different gene expression steps, including RNA metabolism and transcription with PRP-8 and PRP-19 being the strongest interacting partners. PRP-8 is a core component of the spliceosome and PRP-19 is the core component of the PRP19 complex, which interacts with RNAPII and is necessary for full transcriptional activity. Taken together, our study proposes that RSR-2 is a multifunctional protein whose role in transcription influences C. elegans development.
Tetratricopeptide repeat factor XAB2 mediates the end resection step of homologous recombination

We examined the influence of the tetratricopeptide repeat factor XAB2 on chromosomal break repair, and found that XAB2 promotes end resection that generates the 3′ ssDNA intermediate for homologous recombination (HR). Namely, XAB2 is important for chromosomal double-strand break (DSB) repair via two pathways of HR that require end resection as an intermediate step, end resection of camptothecin (Cpt)-induced DNA damage, and RAD51 recruitment to ionizing radiation induced foci (IRIF), which requires end resection. Furthermore, XAB2 mediates specific aspects of the DNA damage response associated with end resection proficiency: CtIP hyperphosphorylation induced by Cpt and BRCA1 IRIF. XAB2 also promotes histone acetylation events linked to HR proficiency. From truncation mutation analysis, the capacity for XAB2 to promote HR correlates with its ability to form a complex with ISY1 and PRP19, which show a similar influence as XAB2 on HR. This XAB2 complex localizes to punctate structures consistent with interchromatin granules that show a striking adjacent-localization to the DSB marker γH2AX. In summary, we suggest that the XAB2 complex mediates DNA damage response events important for the end resection step of HR, and speculate that its adjacent-localization relative to DSBs marked by γH2AX is important for this function.
Distributed optical fiber temperature sensor using only anti-Stokes Raman scattering light in a loop configuration

In this paper we demonstrate distributed Raman temperature sensing (RDTS) in a loop scheme employing anti-Stokes light intensity only. Using a single-channel receiver and anti-Stokes traces measured in loop configuration, we implement RDTS with inherent compensation of fiber wavelength-dependent losses, as well as local external perturbations. Experimental results show a signal-to-noise ratio enhancement with respect to a standard RDTS in loop configuration, providing a robust and reliable high-performance sensor for long sensing ranges.
Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: a meta-analytic review.

This meta-analytic review of prospective and experimental studies reveals that several accepted risk factors for eating pathology have not received empirical support (e.g., sexual abuse) or have received contradictory support (e.g. dieting). There was consistent support for less-accepted risk factors(e.g., thin-ideal internalization) as well as emerging evidence for variables that potentiate and mitigate the effects of risk factors(e.g., social support) and factors that predict eating pathology maintenance(e.g., negative affect). In addition, certain multivariate etiologic and maintenance models received preliminary support. However, the predictive power of individual risk and maintenance factors was limited, suggesting it will be important to search for additional risk and maintenance factors, develop more comprehensive multivariate models, and address methodological limitations that attenuate effects.
3D modeling of CMOS image: Comparison between front- and back-illumination

Three-dimensional (3D) modeling is reported for CMOS active pixel image sensors particularly by comparing front- and back-illumination. The optoelectronic responses are presented versus various power intensity and illumination wavelength. For appropriately designed sensor structure, it is shown that back-illumination could achieve improved sensitivity within certain wavelength range. The presented results demonstrate a methodological and technical capability for 3D modeling optimization of complex CMOS image sensor.
Diffusion Measures Indicate Fight Exposure–Related Damage to Cerebral White Matter in Boxers and Mixed Martial Arts Fighters

Boxers and mixed martial arts athletes underwent brain DTI and the results were correlated with number of fights, knockouts, age, weight, and years of education. Total knockouts in boxers increased diffusivity in the corpus callosum, cingulate, pericalcarine, precuneus, and amygdala, while in martial arts athletes only the posterior cingulate was abnormal. Thus, fight exposure but not the number of fights can be used to predict microstructural brain damage. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Traumatic brain injury is common in fighting athletes such as boxers, given the frequency of blows to the head. Because DTI is sensitive to microstructural changes in white matter, this technique is often used to investigate white matter integrity in patients with traumatic brain injury. We hypothesized that previous fight exposure would predict DTI abnormalities in fighting athletes after controlling for individual variation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 74 boxers and 81 mixed martial arts fighters were included in the analysis and scanned by use of DTI. Individual information and data on fight exposures, including number of fights and knockouts, were collected. A multiple hierarchical linear regression model was used in region-of-interest analysis to test the hypothesis that fight-related exposure could predict DTI values separately in boxers and mixed martial arts fighters. Age, weight, and years of education were controlled to ensure that these factors would not account for the hypothesized effects. RESULTS: We found that the number of knockouts among boxers predicted increased longitudinal diffusivity and transversal diffusivity in white matter and subcortical gray matter regions, including corpus callosum, isthmus cingulate, pericalcarine, precuneus, and amygdala, leading to increased mean diffusivity and decreased fractional anisotropy in the corresponding regions. The mixed martial arts fighters had increased transversal diffusivity in the posterior cingulate. The number of fights did not predict any DTI measures in either group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the history of fight exposure in a fighter population can be used to predict microstructural brain damage.
DO PEOPLE WANT SOMETHING FOR NOTHING: PUBLIC OPINION ON TAXES AND GOVERNMENT SPENDING

THE consume public's government readiness programs to demand is and unconsume government programs s understandably greater than its willingness to pay for them. Recognizing this, public officials typically downplay the connection between taxing and spending and cast about for sources of revenue that are palatable that is, politically harmless even if inequitable or inefficient. From the politician's perspective, the ideal tax is one that is neither seen nor felt, only paid (Meltsner, 1974). Indeed, recent research shows that it is the reliance on visible taxes to finance government services rather than the sheer magnitude of the tax burden or its rate of growth that best explains the intensity of "tax revolts" in the affluent democracies (Wilensky, 1976). Thus it is not surprising that in California a sharp and seemingly inexorable rise in the highly visible property tax, particularly during a time of growing inflationary pressure on real disposable income, caused a popular outcry that culminated in the overwhelming victory of Proposition 13. The success of the JarvisGann initiative quickly spawned a variety of imitative proposals in other states and thrust the issue of limiting government spending onto the top of the nation's political agenda. No one disputes that the passage of Proposition 13 expressed a collective preference for lower taxes. Such certainty dissolves, however, when one attempts to define the voters' intentions in more precise terms. For example, is the "tax revolt" aimed at the amount of taxes paid, the form of taxation, or the distribution of the tax burden among different social classes? Are anti-tax and anti-spending sentiments likely to endure, or will they recede as the nation's troubled economic circumstances improve? Indeed, how closely linked are opposition to the current rate of taxation and attitudes about gov-
Antiphospholipid antibodies and subsequent thrombo-occlusive events in patients with ischemic stroke.

CONTEXT The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) has been associated with vascular occlusive events. However, the role of aPL in predicting ischemic events, particularly recurrent ischemic stroke, is controversial. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of baseline aPL positivity (ie, positivity for anticardiolipin antibodies [aCL], lupus anticoagulant antibodies [LA], or both) on subsequent thrombo-occlusive events, including recurrent stroke. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Stroke Study (APASS), a prospective cohort study within the Warfarin vs Aspirin Recurrent Stroke Study (WARSS), a randomized double-blind trial (N = 2206) conducted at multiple US clinical sites from June 1993 through June 2000 and comparing adjusted-dose warfarin (target international normalized ratio, 1.4-2.8) and aspirin (325 mg/d) for prevention of recurrent stroke or death. APASS participants were 1770 (80%) WARSS participants who consented to enroll in the APASS, with usable baseline blood samples drawn prior to randomization to the WARSS and analyzed for aPL status within 90 days of index stroke by a central independent laboratory. Quality assurance was performed on approximately 10% of samples by a second independent laboratory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Two-year rate of the composite end point of death from any cause, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and other systemic thrombo-occlusive events. The primary analysis assessed the outcome associated with aPL positivity within each WARSS treatment group separately, after risk-factor adjustment (since these aPL-positive vs aPL-negative comparisons were not randomized). RESULTS Of the 1770 APASS patients, 720 (41%) were classified as aPL-positive and 1050 (59%) as aPL-negative. There was no increased risk of thrombo-occlusive events associated with baseline aPL status in patients treated with either warfarin (relative risk [RR], 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-1.31; P =.94), or aspirin (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.70-1.28; P =.71). The overall event rate was 22.2% among aPL-positive and 21.8% among aPL-negative patients. There was no treatment x aPL interaction (P =.91). Patients with baseline positivity for both LA and aCL antibodies tended to have a higher event rate (31.7%) than did patients who tested negative for both antibodies (24.0%) (unadjusted RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.97-1.92; P =.07). Classification and regression tree analyses did not identify a specific LA test or aCL isotype or titer that was associated with increased risk of thrombo-occlusive event. CONCLUSIONS The presence of aPL (either LA or aCL) among patients with ischemic stroke does not predict either increased risk for subsequent vascular occlusive events over 2 years or a differential response to aspirin or warfarin therapy. Routine screening for aPL in patients with ischemic stroke does not appear warranted.
Detection of population trends in threatened coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Populations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in California are listed as threatened under the U.S. Endan- gered Species Act. Such listings refer to adult populations, but often, juvenile life history stages are censused, so it is im - portant to understand what affects the relationship between true adult and observed juvenile numbers. We present models to address how observational uncertainty, census length, and autocorrelation in vital rates affect our ability to observe trends. We ask two questions about our ability to detect declines in one life history stage from censuses of another. First, given an observed decline in parr numbers, what is the chance that this reflects a decline in adults? Second, given that adult numbers are declining, what is the chance that we see that decline in parr? Our results indicate that statistical power decreases with increasing observational uncertainty and decreasing census lengths and demonstrate how these two parame- ters interact. Power increases as the level of autocorrelation in mortality rates increases. Management recommendations in - clude obtaining more accurate estimates of autocorrelation in mortality and of observational uncertainty. Resume : Les populations du Saumon coho (Onchorhynchus kisutch) de la Californie apparaissent sur la liste des espe - ces vulnerables conformement a la loi americaine sur les especes menacees. Cette designation concerne les populations d'adultes; comme il y a souvent des stades plus jeunes qui sont inclus dans les inventaires, il importe de comprendre les details de la relation qui unit les nombres des vrais adultes et les nombres observes de jeunes. Des modeles permet - tent de comprendre comment l'incertitude des observations, la duree des inventaires et l'autocorrelation dans les taux vitaux affectent notre habilete a observer les tendances. Nous posons deux questions sur la possibilite de detecter les declins dans un stade du cycle biologique a partir d'inventaires faits sur un autre stade. Premierement, quelle est la probabilite d'avoir un declin dans la densite des adultes lorsqu'on observe une diminution des densites des tacons? Puis, quelle est la probabilite de discerner chez les tacons un declin qui se produit chez les adultes? Nos resultats mon- trent que la puissance statistique diminue lorsque l'incertitude des observations augmente et la duree des inventaires di- minue; ils illustrent aussi l'interaction entre les deux variables. La puissance croit a mesure que l'autocorrelation entre les taux de mortalite augmente. Pour fins d'amenagement, nous recommandons d'obtenir des estimations plus precises de l'autocorrelation de la mortalite, ainsi que de l'incertitude des observations. (Traduit par la Redaction) Shea and Mangel 385
The “Comfort Women”

AcknowledgmentsNote on names, institutions and exchange valuesIntroduction1 Mars and venus2 The flesh market3 Sex in a war zone4 The Shanghai Regulations and their variations5 The Empire of the Sun6 The end of a nightmare, the beginning of another7 Consciousness-raising and exposure8 The politics of sex9 The governments speak up10 The international dimensionsConclusionSelected annotated bibliographyIndex
Crowd Simulation: Improving Pedestrians' Dynamics by the Application of Lattice-Gas Concepts to the Social Force Model

The social force (SF) model has been successfully applied to the simulation of flows of pedestrians. Nevertheless, in some scenarios with low density, experiments show that the simulated individuals do not behave as expected, working as irrational particles rather than smart people. For example, by the means of the cited model, it is common to see many simulated individuals going several times straightly against columns, before finding a way to deviate and safely exit the room. Aiming to deal with such problems, this article proposes a way to provide the simulated pedestrians the ability of changing the direction of their displacement at reasonable times, in order to bypass eventually blocked or crowded near areas. To do so, it applies concepts from the lattice-gas model to the SF model. Experiments were driven in order to evaluate the proposed model. As results, it maintained the ability of the SF model to reproduce phenomena like the formation of arcs in evacuated one-door rooms. Focusing on the scenario with a column-blocked one-door room, the simulated pedestrians presented softer and more coherent trajectories, when compared to the pure SF model solution.
Ionizing Radiation in Solid Tissues Heterozygosity Are Signatures for the Mutagenic Effects of Tissue-specific Deletion and Discontinuous Loss of Updated

The mouse Aprt locus on chromosome 8 was used as the selectable target for the study of spontaneous and ionizing radiation-induced mutations in kidney epithelia and ear fibroblasts. Fifty-two Aprt heterozygous mice were exposed to 7.5 Gy of Csradiation on their right sides, and Aprt-deficient clones were isolated from enzymatically digested tissues at times ranging from 1 day to 14 months after irradiation. A statistically significant increase in the mutant frequencies for the irradiated tissues was observed when compared with the spontaneous mutant frequencies for the nonirradiated tissues. A molecular analysis of spontaneous mutations observed for the nonirradiated tissues revealed tissue-specific differences; apparent chromosome loss was common in kidney mutants but infrequent in the ear mutants, whereas apparent deletions were common in the ear mutants but not detected in the kidney mutants. For the irradiated kidneys, apparent deletions were observed commonly demonstrating that these events are markers for ionizing radiation mutagenesis in this tissue. All of the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) tracts observed in the spontaneous mutants were continuous, but discontinuous LOH patterns were observed in 6–8% of ionizing radiation-induced ear and kidney cell mutants. Work with kidney-derived cell lines showed that discontinuous LOH is a novel signature for delayed ionizing radiation mutagenesis. Considered together, these results suggest that ionizing radiation-induced mutations in vivo can result from both direct and delayed mutagenic effects.
Rapid acidification of mode and intermediate waters in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean

Abstract. Observations along the southwestern Atlantic WOCE A17 line made during the Dutch GEOTRACES-NL programme (2010–2011) were compared with historical data from 1994 to quantify the changes in the anthropogenic component of the total pool of dissolved inorganic carbon (ΔCant). Application of the extended multi-linear regression (eMLR) method shows that the ΔCant from 1994 to 2011 has largely remained confined to the upper 1000 dbar. The greatest changes occur in the upper 200 dbar in the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), where a maximum increase of 37 μmol kg−1 is found. South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) experienced the highest rate of increase in Cant, at 0.99 ± 0.14 μmol kg−1 yr−1, resulting in a maximum rate of decrease in pH of 0.0016 yr−1. The highest rates of acidification relative to ΔCant, however, were found in Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). The low buffering capacity of SAMW and AAIW combined with their relatively high rates of Cant, increase of 0.53 ± 0.11 and 0.36 ± 0.06 μmol kg−1 yr−1, respectively, has lead to rapid acidification in the SAZ, and will continue to do so whilst simultaneously reducing the chemical buffering capacity of this significant CO2 sink.
A Driving Behaviour Model of Electrical Wheelchair Users

In spite of the presence of powered wheelchairs, some of the users still experience steering challenges and manoeuvring difficulties that limit their capacity of navigating effectively. For such users, steering support and assistive systems may be very necessary. To appreciate the assistance, there is need that the assistive control is adaptable to the user's steering behaviour. This paper contributes to wheelchair steering improvement by modelling the steering behaviour of powered wheelchair users, for integration into the control system. More precisely, the modelling is based on the improved Directed Potential Field (DPF) method for trajectory planning. The method has facilitated the formulation of a simple behaviour model that is also linear in parameters. To obtain the steering data for parameter identification, seven individuals participated in driving the wheelchair in different virtual worlds on the augmented platform. The obtained data facilitated the estimation of user parameters, using the ordinary least square method, with satisfactory regression analysis results.