Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei and Hierarchical Galaxy Formation

We have incorporated the description of the X-ray properties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) into a semianalytic model of galaxy formation, adopting physically motivated scaling laws for accretion triggered by galaxy encounters. Our model reproduces the level of the cosmic X-ray background at 30 keV; we predict that the largest contribution (around two-thirds) comes from sources with intermediate X-ray luminosity 1043.5 < LX/ergs s-1 < 1044.5, with 50% of the total specific intensity produced at z < 2. The predicted number density of X-ray-luminous AGNs (LX > 1044.5 ergs s-1 in the 2-10 keV band) peaks at z ≈ 2, with a decline of around 3 dex to z = 0; for the low-luminosity sources (1043 < LX/ergs s-1 < 1044), it has a broader and less pronounced maximum around z ≈ 1.5. The comparison with the data shows a generally good agreement. The model predictions slightly exceed the observed number of low-luminosity AGNs at z ~ 1.5, with the discrepancy progressively extending to intermediate-luminosity objects at higher redshifts; we discuss possible origins of the mismatch. Finally, we predict the source counts and the flux distribution at different redshifts in the hard (20-100 keV) X-ray band for the sources contributing to the X- ray background.
Protected Elastic-tree topology for Data Center

Cloud computing and storage solutions enable end users and enterprises to store their data and process their services in third party data centers. The fast growth of data center in size and in number makes them become huge energy consumption points. Some researches claim that 70% energy for a data center focus on server running and cooling. That is why, recent researches proposed to turn off certain switches in data center where little traffic flows through. However, when those switches are turned off, the structure of the data center becomes vulnerable to failures due to low connectivities between servers. This paper aims to overcome this weakness by proposing a way to build a data center where unnecessary switches can still be turned off while the data center remains survivable upon any single failure. The simulation results show that the proposed solution makes data center survivable while still saving a lot of energy.
L1 neural cell adhesion molecule is a survival factor for fetal dopaminergic neurons

Cell adhesion molecules play a central role in neural development and are also critically involved in axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity in the adult nervous system. We investigated whether the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 was capable of stimulating survival and differentiation in the mid‐brain dopaminergic neurons which degenerate in Parkinson's disease. Monoclonal L1 antibodies, known to enhance neurite outgrowth, were substrate‐coated or added at the time of plating to medium of cultures containing mid‐brain dopaminergic neurons from 14‐day‐old fetal rats. Tritiated dopamine uptake per well and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunopositive neurons increased in a dose‐dependent manner with increasing concentrations of L1 antibody, suggesting that L1 acts directly or indirectly as a growth factor for dopaminergic neurons. A monoclonal L1 antibody not enhancing neurite outgrowth was ineffective. The growth‐promoting effects of L1 antibodies on dopaminergic neurons in culture did not appear to be mediated by the cAMP‐activated protein kinase A pathway, since combined treatment with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor had only additive effects on the L1‐induced increase of dopamine uptake, and in addition, antibodies against L1 failed to protect cultures of dopaminergic neurons against the neurotoxin MPP+, whereas pretreatment with forskolin and phosphodiesterase type‐IV inhibitors was strongly protective. J. Neurosci. Res. 53:129–134, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On Fourier restriction and the Newton polygon

Local L P → L 2 bounds are proved for the restriction of the Fourier transform to analytic surfaces of the form S = (x, f(x)) in R 3 . It is found that the range of exponents is determined by the so-called distance of the Newton polygon, associated to f, except when the principal quasi-homogeneous part of f(x) contains a factor of high multiplicity. The proofs are based on the method of Phong-Stein and Rychkov, adapted to scalar oscillatory integrals.
Involvement of Rho kinase pathway in the mechanism of renal vasoconstriction and cardiac hypertrophy in rats with experimental heart failure.

Rho-dependent kinases serve as downstream effectors of several vasoconstrictor systems, the activities of which are upregulated in congestive heart failure (CHF). We evaluated renal and cardiac effects of Y-27632, a highly selective Rho kinase inhibitor, in an experimental model of volume-overload CHF. Effects of acute administration of Y-27632 (0.3 mg/kg) on renal hemodynamic and clearance parameters and effects of chronic treatment (10.0 mg.kg(-1). day(-1) for 7 days via osmotic minipumps) on cardiac hypertrophy and cumulative Na+ excretion were studied in male Wistar rats with aortocaval fistula and control rats. The Y-27632-induced decrease in renal vascular resistance (from 40.4 +/- 4.6 to 26.0 +/- 3.1 resistance units, P < 0.01) in CHF rats was associated with a significant increase in total renal blood flow (+34%) and cortical and medullary blood flow (approx +37 and +27%, respectively). These values were significantly higher than those in control rats and occurred despite a decrease in mean arterial pressure (-15 mmHg). Despite the marked renal vasodilatory effect, Y-27632 did not alter glomerular filtration rate and renal Na+ excretion. Chronic administration of Y-27632 did not alter daily or cumulative renal Na+ excretion in CHF rats but was associated with a significant decrease in heart-to-body weight ratio, an index of cardiac hypertrophy: 0.32 +/- 0.007, 0.46 +/- 0.017, and 0.37 +/- 0.006% in control, CHF, and CHF + Y-27632 rats, respectively. The findings suggest that Rho kinase-dependent pathways are involved in the mechanisms of renal vasoconstriction and cardiac hypertrophy in rats with volume-overload heart failure. Selective blockade of these signaling pathways may be considered an additional tool to improve renal perfusion and attenuate cardiac hypertrophy in heart failure.
Conditional processes of effective instructor communication and increases in students’ cognitive learning

ABSTRACT This study examined two effective teaching behaviors traditionally considered by instructional communication scholars to associate positively with students’ academic experiences: instructor clarity and immediacy. Our study situated these teaching behaviors in a conditional process model that integrated two key assumptions about student learning: (a) the process by which student learning occurs is due, in part, to the sustained attention that students give to effective instructors (a mediated test of learning) and (b) some students self-regulate their learning despite the (in)effectiveness of the teaching they receive (a moderated test of learning). Three hundred and sixty-two college students were randomly assigned to one of four lecture conditions that manipulated instructor clarity and nonverbal immediacy in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment and completed post-test assessments including a test of cognitive learning. Results indicated that: (a) clear instruction with or without nonverbal immediacy cues directly increased students’ test scores by over one letter grade on average; (b) the added benefit of nonverbal immediacy to clear instruction slightly increased test scores, but only indirectly through students’ sustained attention; and (c) removing nonverbal immediacy from clear instruction proved detrimental only for students who were not self-regulated.
and tractus solitarius nucleuskey integrative brain nucleus for homeostasis : the Chronic alcohol exposure alters transcription broadly in a

tractus solitarius nucleus key integrative brain nucleus for homeostasis: the Chronic alcohol exposure alters transcription broadly in a You might find this additional info useful. 24 times a year (twice monthly) by the American Physiological Society, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD systems with techniques linking genes and pathways to physiology, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. It is published publishes results of a wide variety of studies from human and from informative model Physiological Genomics
Think Globally, Teach Locally: Experiencing the Foreign Aid Debate Through Service Learning

Abstract Novel curricular strategies are required if institutions want all students to actively experience the benefits of global knowledge and civic engagement, as financial and practical commitments frequently make study abroad inaccessible to many students. In this paper, we outline an innovative service-learning course, where local action coupled with an international target, offered a parallel and novel learning strategy that capitalized on the strengths of experiential education, while providing a practical and more inclusive student engagement opportunity available to a larger subset of students. We also describe our teaching strategy, which emphasizes the social context of the classroom: discovery, self-exploration, and shared learning. Together, service learning and a critical pedagogy can better help students relate to the otherwise abstract processes of foreign aid. In 2013 and 2014, approximately 30 undergraduate students participated in a student-led outreach project soliciting bicycle donations to support human development efforts in Uganda and Ghana. In addition to making reasonable progress toward learning outcomes during the two-year pilot, we found that the everyday challenges our students encountered in their service-learning project were microcosms for some of the large-scale, global challenges that foreign aid delivery faces.
Pathways of Aberrant Signaling Microsatellite Stable Endometrial Cancers Indicates Distinct Gene Expression Profiling of Microsatellite Unstable and Updated

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a molecular phenotype present in f25% of endometrial cancers. We examined the global gene expression profiles of early-stage endometrioid endometrial cancers with and without the MSI phenotype to test the hypothesis that MSI phenotype may determine a unique molecular signature among otherwise similar cancers. Unsupervised principal component analysis of the expression data from these cases indicated two distinct groupings of cancers based on MSI phenotype. A relatively small number of array features (392) at high statistical value (P < 0.001) were identified that drive the instability signature in these cancers; 109 of these transcripts differed by at least 2-fold. These data identify distinct gene expression profiles for MSI and microsatellite stable (MSS) cancers, which suggest that cancers with MSI develop in part by different mechanisms from their similar stable counterparts. In particular, we found evidence that two members of the secreted frizzled related protein family (SFRP1 and SFRP4) were more frequently downregulated in MSI cancers as compared with MSS cancers. Down-regulation was accompanied by promoter hypermethylation for SFRP1. SFRP1 was hypermethylated in 8 of 12 MSI cancers whereas only 3 of 16 MSS cancers were methylated. The WNT target fibroblast growth factor 18 was found to be up-regulated in MSI cancers. These data classify histologically similar endometrioid endometrial cancers into two distinct groupings with implications affecting therapy and prevention. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(12): 5031-7)
Nerve Growth Factor Gene Therapy Using Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Prevents Cardiomyopathy in Type 1 Diabetic Mice

Diabetes is a cause of cardiac dysfunction, reduced myocardial perfusion, and ultimately heart failure. Nerve growth factor (NGF) exerts protective effects on the cardiovascular system. This study investigated whether NGF gene transfer can prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice. We worked with mice with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes and with nondiabetic control mice. After having established that diabetes reduces cardiac NGF mRNA expression, we tested NGF gene therapies with adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) for the capacity to protect the diabetic mouse heart. To this aim, after 2 weeks of diabetes, cardiac expression of human NGF or β-Gal (control) genes was induced by either intramyocardial injection of AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) or systemic delivery of AAV serotype 9 (AAV9). Nondiabetic mice were given AAV2–β-Gal or AAV9–β-Gal. We found that the diabetic mice receiving NGF gene transfer via either AAV2 or AAV9 were spared the progressive deterioration of cardiac function and left ventricular chamber dilatation observed in β-Gal–injected diabetic mice. Moreover, they were additionally protected from myocardial microvascular rarefaction, hypoperfusion, increased deposition of interstitial fibrosis, and increased apoptosis of endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes, which afflicted the β-Gal–injected diabetic control mice. Our data suggest therapeutic potential of NGF for the prevention of cardiomyopathy in diabetic subjects.
Artificial bee colony algorithm for the capacitated vehicle routing problem

This paper presents an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm adjusted for the capacitated vehicle routing problem. The vehicle routing problem is an NP-hard problem and capacitated vehicle routing problem variant (CVRP) is considered here. The artificial bee metaheuristic was successfully used mostly on continuous unconstrained and constrained problems. Here this algorithm has been implemented for rather different type of problems and tested on twelve benchmark instances of small scale problems. Our results were compared to the best known results. The computational study showed that the proposed algorithm is a good and promising approach for capacitated vehicle routing problem.
Debt, precarity and gender: male and female temporary labour migrants in Singapore

ABSTRACT As one of Asia’s key hubs for transient workers, Singapore’s migration regime creates particularly gendered streams of labour, especially among lower skilled occupations, as is apparent in two key sectors – domestic work and construction work. Drawing on surveys with Bangladeshi construction workers and Indonesian domestic workers based in Singapore, as well as in-depth interviews with each group, this paper examines gendered issues of temporary labour migration, precarity and risk, as they occur against a backdrop of migrant indebtedness. In this paper, we argue that migrant indebtedness occurs along a spectrum that ranges from less visible, or what we call ‘silently’ incurred forms of debt, through to more ‘resonant’ types of debt that are acquired upfront and thus more readily quantifiable. Using this spectrum of migrant indebtedness, we aim to complicate debates about debt-financed migration by underscoring the ways in which notions of debt and unfreedom can be imbricated with both constraints and opportunities for migrants’ agency.
Phase II study of ‘high-dose’ celecoxib and metronomic ‘low-dose’ cyclophosphamide and methotrexate in patients with relapsed and refractory lymphoma

Introduction: Relapsed histologically aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) has a poor prognosis; relapsed patients who respond to second-line chemotherapy have a better outcome after BMT, while those who do not respond to second line or are unfit for BMT have a worse prognosis and new treatments are needed. Angiogenesis is increased in aggressive NHL and could be targeted by selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and metronomic chemotherapy. Aim of the study: Assessment of the toxicity of metronomic chemotherapy and the response and progression-free survival of relapsed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLCBL) patients. Patients and methods: Forty patients with the diagnosis of relapsed and/or refractory DLCBL. Patients included in this study may have received any number of preceding therapies (as long as one had included an anthracycline) and were not candidates for BMT. They received cyclophosphamide tab (50 mg p.o. q.d), methotrexate tab (2.5 mg p.o four times per week) and high-dose celecoxib tab (400 mg p.o. b.i.d.) until disease progression or toxicity. Results: All of the 40 patients included (median age, 56 years) were evaluable for response, 52% had a high international prognostic index at relapse, with a median follow-up of 8.4 months (range 4–23 months), 32.5% had a partial response and 50% has stable disease. Progression-free survival was 12 months. The median response duration was nine months. Treatment protocol was well tolerated with no major toxicities. The most common toxicity was fatigue (57.5%), myelo-suppression and gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusions: Low-dose cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and high-dose celecoxib are well tolerated and active in pre-treated diffuse large cell B lymphoma. Although thrombotic events were not observed during this study, close surveillance for arterial and venous thrombotic events is recommended.
THE VALIDATION OF THE TAMIL VERSION OF THE 12 ITEM GENERAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE

The 12 item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), increasingly used to screen for common mental disorders (CMD) in primary care, has been validated in different languages and cultures. However, the validity of the Tamil version has not been established. Consecutive patients, attending a primary health care centre in Vellore, rural Tamil Nadu, India, were screened for CMD using the Tamil version of the GHQ-12. The subjects were also interviewed using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). The International Classification of Diseases-10: Primary care version (ICD-10 PHC) criteria were used to diagnose CMD. Various thresholds of the GHQ-12 were compared against the standards of the ICD-10 PHC. A receiver operator characteristic curve was drawn to obtain the best threshold value for screening. Principal Component Analysis was done to identify latent variables. The Cronbach′s alpha and the split half reliability were also calculated. One hundred and eleven (33%) subjects of the 327 patients interviewed satisfied ICD-10 PHC criteria for CMD. The optimal threshold for the GHQ-12 was 2/3. This threshold had a sensitivity 87.4% and a specificity of 79.2%. Three factors were extracted with eigen values of 5.0 (depression-anxiety), 1.7 (social performance) and 1.1 (self-esteem) which explained 42.0%, 13.9% and 9.2% of the variance. The Cronbach′s alpha was 0.86 while the split half-reliability was 0.83. The sensitivity and specificity of the Tamil version of the GHQ-12 is high. The factor structure is similar to that reported in other populations. The instrument can be employed as a screening instrument in this population.
Comparing Attention Operators for Learning Landmarks

We consider the choice of which particular attention operator to use for visual recogniton and pose estimation applications. Visual attention plays an important role in reducing the amount of computation (biological or artificial) that is required for a particular task. However, it is not always clear which attention operator is best suited to any given task. This paper presents the results of an empirical study comparing the performance of a set of visual attention operators on the task of learning a set of landmarks for pose estimation. These landmarks are defined visually in the local environment of a moving robot. The performance of the operators is quantitatively evaluated based on the utility of the learned landmarks for the task of robot pose estimation.
Did the ECMWF seasonal forecast model outperform statistical ENSO forecast models over the last 15 years

Abstract The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has made seasonal forecasts since 1997 with ensembles of a coupled ocean–atmosphere model, System-1 (S1). In January 2002, a new version, System-2 (S2), was introduced. For the calibration of these models, hindcasts have been performed starting in 1987, so that 15 yr of hindcasts and forecasts are now available for verification. Seasonal predictability is to a large extent due to the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate oscillations. ENSO predictions of the ECMWF models are compared with those of statistical models, some of which are used operationally. The relative skill depends strongly on the season. The dynamical models are better at forecasting the onset of El Nino or La Nina in boreal spring to summer. The statistical models are comparable at predicting the evolution of an event in boreal fall and winter.
On interference, collegiality and co-authorship: Peer review of journal articles in management and organization studies

Management and organization studies commentary on how authors experience peer review of journal papers suggests that it can be an overly interventionist process which reduces the originality and coherence of eventual publications. In the literature on co-authorship, this argument is reversed. Here, free riders who do not contribute fully to research collaborations and the practice of gift authorships are problematized, and it is argued that everyone involved in writing a published paper should be rewarded with co-authorship. In this article, qualitative interviews with 12 management and organization studies academics see respondents describing peer review as a transaction during which reviewers – and editors – actually co-author published papers. But their perspectives on this vary with the subject position from which they are speaking. When they speak as reviewers or editors, this co-authorship is depicted as a collegiate gift, a professional obligation or a process where authors might over-rely on reviewers’ generosity. When they speak as authors or their proxies, it is characterized as reproducing disciplinary orthodoxy and ethnocentric exclusion, perpetuating disciplinary cliques, creating disorganized papers and constituting excessive interference with authorial privilege. These various perspectives on peer review deserve more attention in our empirical studies of academic labour. They also suggest we should reflect more on when, how and why we collaborate in our research and on how much we should recognize additional co-authors on (or resist their input into) ‘our’ work.