Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suppression subtractive hybridization for studying gene expression during aerial exposure and desiccation in fucoid algae

Gene expression in Fucus vesiculosus L. from the Ria Formosa, Faro, Portugal was investigated by screening a cDNA library generated by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) for algae undergoing mild desiccation stress (60–70%tissue water content). The subtractive library was constructed from small amounts (1 µg) of total RNA using PCR-based techniques. Screening by reverse Northern analysis (cDNA Southerns) revealed that between 60% and 70% of clones randomly selected from the library were differentially regulated in desiccated and hydrated algae. Most genes could not be directly identified based on sequence homology with known gene sequences. However, several cDNAs for chloroplast encoded transcripts were identified and shown to be up-regulated or differentially regulated in desiccated algae relative to hydrated controls. These included partial sequences for ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; rbcL/rbcS), chloroplast coupling factor ATPase (atpH/atpI) and a photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a binding protein (psaA). The usefulness of reverse Northern analysis was confirmed with conventional Northern analysis of transcript abundance for Rubisco, which varied rapidly in response to light and the hydration status of the algae. These results show that SSH is a useful technique for analysing the responses of gene expression to environmental stress, and as a starting point for the subsequent identification of stress-responsive genes in macroalgae.
Individual Differences and the Voice Effect

This research assesses individual differences in value of voice and examines their impact on the voice–procedural fairness relationship. In Study 1, 184 full-time employees completed surveys including measures of perceived voice, organizational procedural fairness, and value of voice. The results indicated that employee’s value of voice moderated the relationship between perceived voice and procedural fairness. A second study was conducted in a laboratory setting where voice was experimentally manipulated. Ninety-eight undergraduates participated in a simulation exercise wherein they completed measures of perceived voice, procedural fairness, and value of voice. Again, value of voice moderated the voice-fairness relationship, suggesting that individual differences influence voice effects.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with the use of risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic agent

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare and sometimes fatal adverse reaction to neuroleptic drugs. Atypical antipsychotic agents, such as risperidone, are thought to be less likely to cause NMS because of their pharmacological profile. This is a case report of NMS associated with risperidone treatment.
Calcium movements, distribution, and functions in smooth muscle.

Contraction of smooth muscle is regulated by the cytosolic Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]i)b, and the sensitivity to Ca2+ of the contractile elements in response to changes in the environment surrounding the cell. The first sequence of events in regulation includes the binding of endogenous substances, such as
Professional Development Needs of Secondary School Principals of Collaborative-Based Service Delivery Models

The purpose of this study was to examine secondary school principals' self-perceptions of their professional development needs to serve as school leaders of collaborative-based approaches to the delivery of educational services. Telephone interviews were conducted with 13 secondary school principals who volunteered to participate in this study. Approximately 40% of the principals indicated a need for additional training in methods for empowering and supporting teachers in collaborative activities. The principals also reported the need for professional development in areas of conflict resolution and development of school-community partnerships, particularly as partners in interagency systems of care. Implications for the professional development of school administrators are discussed.
Validity of cluster headache diagnoses in an electronic health record data repository

Cluster headache (CH) is uncommon, so electronic searches of large medical record databases provide an important opportunity to identify a sufficient number of patients for research, patient registries, or quality improvement work. However, the accuracy of CH diagnoses recorded in electronic health record (EHR) databases is unknown. The Research Patient Data Registry (RPDR) warehouses information from EHR of two academic medical centers in Boston. We assessed the validity of CH diagnoses in the RPDR as well as the sensitivity of International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) diagnostic criteria in relation to the gold standard of expert clinician diagnosis of CH.
Working memory capacity predicts the beneficial effect of selective memory retrieval

Selective retrieval of some studied items can both impair and improve recall of the other items. This study examined the role of working memory capacity (WMC) for the two effects of memory retrieval. Participants studied an item list consisting of predefined target and nontarget items. After study of the list, half of the participants performed an imagination task supposed to induce a change in mental context, whereas the other half performed a counting task which does not induce such context change. Following presentation of a second list, memory for the original list's target items was tested, either with or without preceding retrieval of the list's nontarget items. Consistent with previous work, preceding nontarget retrieval impaired target recall in the absence of the context change, but improved target recall in its presence. In particular, there was a positive relationship between WMC and the beneficial, but not the detrimental effect of memory retrieval. On the basis of the view that the beneficial effect of memory retrieval reflects context-reactivation processes, the results indicate that individuals with higher WMC are better able to capitalise on retrieval-induced context reactivation than individuals with lower WMC.
Psychological Consequences of Wrongful Conviction and Imprisonment

There is minimal research on the psychological effects of wrongful conviction and imprisonment. This is a descriptive study of a sample of 18 men referred for systematic psychiatric assessment after their convictions were quashed on appeal and they were released from long-term imprisonment. Sixteen were U.K. cases; two were from other jurisdictions. The assessments revealed evidence of substantial psychiatric morbidity. Fourteen men met ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for "enduring personality change following catastrophic experience" (F62.0), 12 met the criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder, and most reported additional mood and anxiety disorders. There were major problems of psychological and social adjustment, particularly within families. The difficulties were similar to those described in the clinical literature on war veterans. Possible explanations for these effects are discussed: specific traumatic features of miscarriage of justice and long-term imprisonment both appear to contribute to the post.
Self-determination Theory and Self-efficacy Theory: Can They Work Together to Predict Physical Activity in Cardiac Rehabilitation?

Cardiovascular disease is currently the leading cause of death in Canada and other developed countries. Physical activity based cardiac rehabilitation programs have been shown to reduce the likelihood of subsequent cardiac events and even reverse the disease process. However, factors influencing physical activity in cardiac patients are still not clearly understood. The overall objective of this dissertation was therefore to better understand motivation and physical activity in a cardiac rehabilitation context. Specifically, theory-based motivational variables were studied as correlates of physical activity. To accomplish this objective, a two-purpose research approach was taken. First, two articles (Article-1 and Article-2) aimed to test and integrate concepts from two strong motivational theories: Self-Efficacy Theory (SET) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) into one comprehensive model using the novel and rigorous approach of Noar and Zimmerman (2005). The second purpose of this dissertation was to extend the findings from the first purpose by investigating physical activity and motivational patterns over a 24-month period in cardiac patients (Article 3). With regards to the first purpose, Article-1 revealed that the integration of SDT and SET was feasible as the integrated model had good model fit, explained more variance in self-determined motivation, confidence, and physical activity and supported similar number of hypothesised links in a cross-sectional cardiac sample as well two other samples: primary care adults and university students. Due to the cross-sectional nature of Article1, Article-2 tested the integrated SDT-SET model from cardiac patients with longitudinal data of patients following a cardiac rehabilitation program. Although no motivational variables predicted residual change in physical activity at 4-months, this longitudinal model was found to have good model fit. Across both articles, the integration of SDT and SET was found to be possible. However, more research is needed to further test the integration of these theories. As for the
NEW ROLES FOR LEARNERS AND TEACHERS IN ONLINE HIGHER EDUCATION

Zane Berge is Director of Training Systems, Instructional Systems Development Graduate Program at the University of Maryland System, UMBC Campus. His scholarship in the field of computer-mediated communication and distance education includes numerous articles, chapters, workshops, and presentations. Most notably are Berge and Collins’ published books. First, a three volume set, Computer-Mediated Communication and the Online Classro om, (1995) that encompasses higher and distance education. Following that was a four volume set, Wired Together: Computer-Mediated Communication in the K-12 Classroom. Recently, he along with Dr. Deborah Schreiber, co-edited, Distance Training (Jossey-Bass, 1998). Berge's latest book is, Sustaining Distance Training.
General Academic Difficulties and Reading and Writing Difficulties among Asian ESL Postgraduate Students in TESOL at an Australian University

This article reports on an empirical study that examines general academic difficulties, and academic reading and writing difficulties among Asian ESL (English as a Second Language) international postgraduate students who are completing a Master’s Degree in TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) at an Australian university. The data were collected through the use of a Likert-scale questionnaire from 51 students and a follow-up, semi-structured interview technique with 11 participants who took part in the questionnaire survey. It was found that: (1) students reported different types of academic difficulties including reading and writing such as synthesizing information and academic writing; (2) there were strong associations among general academic difficulties, academic reading and writing difficulties; and (3) factors such as academic English proficiency, self-regulation, motivation, self-efficacy, former learning experience and academic adjustment had an impact on their academic difficulties. This article will articulate the implications for second language teacher education research and future research.
Activation of β3 Adrenergic Receptors Suppresses Leptin Expression and Mediates a Leptin-Independent Inhibition of Food Intake in Mice

To examine potential interactions between leptin and the β3 adrenergic system in the regulation of food intake, we determined the effects of treatment with a selective β3 adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist (CL 316,243 [1 mgfleg]) on body weight, food intake, and leptin expression. Studies were carried out in C57B1/6J and FVB male control mice as well as in mice with targeted disruption of the β3 AR gene. These findings were correlated with measurement of the expression in hypothalamus of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), two neuropeptides that may be involved in the central regulation of food intake. Treatment with CL 316,243 (1 mg/kg) for 12 or 24 h decreased leptin mRNA abundance and circulating levels to 20% of baseline in normal animals. No effect of the CL 316,243 compound was seen in mice with targeted disruption of the β3 AR gene. Despite the falling leptin levels, β3 agonist administration acutely suppressed food intake. Finally, the induced suppression of food intake and leptin levels occurred despite unchanged or increased hypothalamic expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides NPY and MCH. Thus, β3 AR agonists via β3 ARs suppress leptin levels acutely and simultaneously suppress food intake via a mechanism that operates downstream of leptin and two of its putative central targets.
Properties of Foundry Sand, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Bottom Ash Based Geopolymers under Ambient Conditions

This paper presents a feasibility study on the manufacture of geopolymer concrete at low concentrations of alkaline solutions and lower densities and incorporating waste products like Foundry sand without compensating for the strength properties. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Bottom ash (BA) were used as source materials. From the preliminary studies, the replacement of Foundry sand to Natural sand is taken as 50:50. The density range was taken as 1800 Kg/m3, 2000 Kg/m3, 2200 Kg/m3 and 2400 Kg/m3. Sodium Hydroxide(NaOH) and Sodium Silicate(Na2SiO3) were used as alkaline activators and the molarity of NaOH solution was reduced from 8M upto 4 M. The percentage ratio of BA-GGBFS was selected as 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100. The ratio of Alkaline liquid to Binder content was taken as 0.4 and the molar ratio of NaOH solution was kept as 1. The ratio of Sodium silicate solution to Sodium hydroxide was taken as 2. Ambient curing was adopted for all the mixes. The properties of Geopolymer concrete paver blocks such as Compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength, water absorption, Acid attack and Water absorption were conducted as per IS 15658:2006. Test results show that satisfactory strength properties of geopolymer concrete using Foundry sand can be achieved even with lower concentrations of NaOH solution under ambient curing conditions. This would pave way for creating a greener environment by the efficient use of byproducts and waste materials in concrete.
Battered Women and the Requirement of Imminence in Self-Defence

Should the South African courts abolish the traditional imminence standard, something must be used to stand in its place. The identification of the various alternatives which have been suggested to replace imminence - most notably the establishment of the "reasonable woman standard" as advanced in the case of S v Engelbrecht 2005 (92) SACR 41 (W) - has moved the law of self-defence into the realm of subjectivity. The end result not only undermines self-defence as a justification defence, but is also unworkable for a number of reasons. For instance, utilising expert testimony to explain how the battered woman’s syndrome affects individual perception would leave a judge with no meaningful way to determine if that abused woman’s belief in the imminence of danger was reasonable, even if viewed from her distorted perspective. It is suggested that no reference need be made to the "reasonable battered woman", since South African courts already do this to a limited extent by taking a number of factors into account in determining if the abused woman acted reasonably. By rethinking certain factors in the situation as a set of relatively innocuous normative propositions, the abused woman’s actions can be judged in accordance with standard propositions in the law of self-defence.
Private Displays of Affection: an Empirical Examination of Online Crowdfunder Information Hiding Behavior Private Displays of Affection: an Empirical Examination of Online Crowdfunder Information Hiding Behavior

The demand for online privacy remains an ongoing source of debate. Sensitive to this fact, many online platforms now offer users greater, more granular control over how and when their information is revealed. However, little research exists on peoples' willingness to use these information control mechanisms, or on their economic benefit to the various parties involved. In this study, we leverage transaction-level data from one of the world's largest online crowdfunding platforms, where campaign contributors are given the option of concealing their identity and contribution amounts from public display. First, we find evidence that individuals are more likely to conceal information when the campaign they are supporting has received a greater deal of public exposure and ii) when their contribution amount is " extreme. " Second, we find evidence of an anchoring effect, where contributors refer to the amounts supplied by prior others as a point of reference when deciding upon their own contribution. Considering the marginal effects, we find that concealing the prior contribution amount can be beneficial or detrimental for the purveyor or campaign organizer, depending on the contribution size. If prior contributions are small, concealing the amount is likely to be preferred, in order to prevent a downward influence on subsequent contributions. In contrast, when prior contributions are large, it is to the purveyor and campaign organizer's benefit if the amount is revealed, as this can create an upward influence on subsequent contributions. This finding implies that a nuanced approach to the provision of information hiding mechanisms can help promote larger crowdfunder contribution. We discuss the implications for the design and provision of online information hiding mechanisms.
Competent to Cope, Worthy of Happiness?

This article considers links between self-esteem and resilience, and suggests implications for teachers and schools. A two-dimensional model of self-esteem is employed as a theoretical framework to revisit a range of factors frequently associated with internal resilience. It is argued that because of the way in which self-referent characteristics have been conceptualized in the past, the links between self-esteem and resilience may have been underestimated. Following discussion of the theoretical issues, suggestions are made about to how this model of self-esteem can provide schools with a conceptual framework to help inform resilience-based approaches to support vulnerable children.
A survey of ELF and VLF research on lightning-ionosphere interactions and causative discharges

[1] Extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) observations have formed the cornerstone of measurement and interpretation of effects of lightning discharges on the overlying upper atmospheric regions, as well as near‐Earth space. ELF (0.3–3 kHz) and VLF (3–30 kHz) wave energy released by lightning discharges is often the agent of modification of the lower ionospheric medium that results in the conductivity changes and the excitation of optical emissions that constitute transient luminous events (TLEs). In addition, the resultant ionospheric changes are best (and often uniquely) observable as perturbations of subionospherically propagating VLF signals. In fact, some of the earliest evidence for direct disturbances of the lower ionosphere in association with lightning discharges was obtained in the course of the study of such VLF perturbations. Measurements of the detailed ELF and VLF waveforms of parent lightning discharges that produce TLEs and terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) have also been very fruitful, often revealing properties of such discharges that maximize ionospheric effects, such as generation of intense electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) or removal of large quantities of charge. In this paper, we provide a review of the development of ELF and VLF measurements, both from a historical point of view and from the point of view of their relationship to optical and other observations of ionospheric effects of lightning discharges.
Get the Story Straight: Contextual Repetition Promotes Word Learning from Storybooks

Although shared storybook reading is a common activity believed to improve the language skills of preschool children, how children learn new vocabulary from such experiences has been largely neglected in the literature. The current study systematically explores the effects of repeatedly reading the same storybooks on both young children's fast and slow mapping abilities. Specially created storybooks were read to 3-year-old children three times during the course of 1 week. Each of the nine storybooks contained two novel name–object pairs. At each session, children either heard three different stories with the same two novel name–object pairs or the same story three times. Importantly, all children heard each novel name the same number of times. Both immediate recall and retention were tested with a four-alternative forced-choice task with pictures of the novel objects. Children who heard the same stories repeatedly were very accurate on both the immediate recall and retention tasks. In contrast, children who heard different stories were only accurate on immediate recall during the last two sessions and failed to learn any of the new words. Overall, then, we found a dramatic increase in children's ability to both recall and retain novel name–object associations encountered during shared storybook reading when they heard the same stories multiple times in succession. Results are discussed in terms of contextual cueing effects observed in other cognitive domains.
A randomized pilot study of psychotherapy and quetiapine for the acute treatment of bipolar II depression.

OBJECTIVES The differential roles of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in the management of bipolar (BP) II depression are unknown. As a first step toward exploring this issue, we conducted a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of comparing a BP-specific psychotherapy [Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT)] to quetiapine as treatments for BP-II depression. METHODS Unmedicated individuals (n = 25) meeting DSM-IV criteria for BP-II disorder, currently depressed, were randomly assigned to weekly sessions of IPSRT (n = 14) or quetiapine (n = 11), flexibly dosed from 25-300 mg. Participants were assessed with weekly measures of mood and followed for 12 weeks. Treatment preference was queried prior to randomization. RESULTS Using mixed effects models, both groups showed significant declines in the 25-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [F(1,21) = 44, p < 0.0001] and Young Mania Rating Scale [F(1,21) = 20, p = 0.0002] scores over time but no group-by-time interactions. Dropout rates were 21% (n = 3) and 27% (n = 3) in the IPSRT and quetiapine groups, respectively. Overall response rates (defined as ≥ 50% reduction in depression scores without an increase in mania scores) were 29% (n = 4) in the IPSRT group and 27% (n = 3) in the quetiapine group. Measures of treatment satisfaction were high in both groups. Treatment preference was not associated with outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes in participants with BP-II depression assigned to IPSRT monotherapy or quetiapine did not differ over 12 weeks in this small study. Follow-up trials should examine characteristics that predict differential response to psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.