Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
I Am So Tired… How Fatigue May Exacerbate Stress Reactions to Psychological Contract Breach

Previous research showed that perceptions of psychological contract (PC) breach have undesirable individual and organizational consequences. Surprisingly, the PC literature has paid little to no attention to the relationship between PC breach perceptions and stress. A better understanding of how PC breach may elicit stress seems crucial, given that stress plays a key role in employees' physical and mental well-being. Based on Conservation of Resources Theory, we suggest that PC breach perceptions represent a perceived loss of valued resources, subsequently leading employees to experience higher stress levels resulting from emerging negative emotions. Moreover, we suggest that this mediated relationship is moderated by initial levels of fatigue, due to fatigue lowering the personal resources necessary to cope with breach events. To tests our hypotheses, we analyzed the multilevel data we obtained from two experience sampling designs (Study 1: 51 Belgian employees; Study 2: 53 US employees). Note that the unit of analysis is “observations” rather than “respondents,” resulting in an effective sample size of 730 (Study 1) and 374 (Study 2) observations. In both studies, we found evidence for the mediating role of negative emotions in the PC breach—stress relationship. In the second study, we also found evidence for the moderating role of fatigue in the mediated PC breach—stress relationship. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Comparative evaluation of effect of use of toothbrush with paste and munident on levels of Streptococcus mutans and gingival health in children: An in vivo study

Aim: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease which has a deleterious effect on the oral cavity. Improper oral hygiene habits are a cause for the same. The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of Munident, an Ayurvedic (herbal) dentifrice with commercially available toothpaste. Materials and Methods: A total of forty subjects between the age group 9 and 12 years, resident of Bala Yeshu Nilaya Bhavan, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, were chosen for our study. They were divided into two groups containing twenty subjects in each; Group 1 for standard toothpaste and Group 2 for Munident. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth scores were noted from each subject. Group 1 was instructed to brush the teeth using commercially available toothpaste and Group 2 was instructed to brush using commercially available Munident (herbal) dentifrice. Both the groups brushed the teeth using soft variety of tooth brush. The gingival bleeding index and salivary Streptococcus mutans count were noted pre- and post-brushimg for both groups. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Munident (herbal) dentifrice showed better efficacy in comparison to toothpaste in terms of gingival bleeding index and salivary S. mutans count. Conclusion: Munident (herbal) dentifrice has better gingival bleeding index compared to standard formulation of toothpaste. Hence, the practice of using herbal dentifrice should be encouraged.
Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) for Diabetic Patients withHypertriglycemia

Background: Arguments have continued for long concerning low carbohydrate diet and calorie restriction (calorie-restricted diet). Authors have reported clinical studies of low carbohydrate diet on ketone bodies, glucose variability and Morbus value so far. Subjects and methods: Subjects are 28 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which were 20/8 (M/F) with 48.3 ± 13.9 years old with serum triglyceride more than 250 mg/dL on blood sampling with overnight fasting. They were admitted for 14 days and the protocol was as follows: 1) calorie-restricted diet on day 1 and 2, which had 60% carbohydrates, 2) low carbohydrate diet on day 3-14 days which is so-called super-low carbohydrate diet formula with 12% carbohydrates. Results: Mean HbA1c was 8.0 ± 1.7% and mean fasting glucose was 177 ± 52 mg/dL. Median data days 2 to 4 were 208 to 147 mg/dL in average glucose, 146 to 21 in Morbus (M) value and 123 to 94.5 mg/day in urinary Cpeptide. Median data days 2 to 14 were 366 to 159 mg/dL in Triglyceride, 46 to 42 mg/dL in HDL-C and 111 to 120 mg/dL in LDL-C. Remnant-like particle cholesterol on day 2 was 15.9 mg/dL in median. Significant correlations on day 2 were shown between Triglyceride and HDL-C (p<0.05), Triglyceride and LDL-C (p<0.05). Remnant-like particle cholesterol-C showed significant positive correlation with Atherogenic Index (AI) and triglyceride (p<0.01), significant negative correlation with HDL (p<0.05). Significant correlations were shown on day 2 and 14 in Triglyceride and LDL-C/HDL-C Ratio (p<0.01). Discussion and conclusion: Decrease of blood glucose indicated short effect of low carbohydrate diet only for 2 days from calorie restriction to low carbohydrate diet. Apparent large decrease of M value would be useful for clinical management and research. Analyses of correlations among RLP-C, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, AI and LDL-C/HDL-C Ratio would become the fundamental data for clinical research and give the hint for research direction in the future.
Accelerometry-Derived Physical Activity Correlations Between Parents and Their Fourth-Grade Child Are Specific to Time of Day and Activity Level.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to employ high-frequency accelerometry to explore parent-child physical activity (PA) relationships across a free-living sample. METHODS We recorded 7 days of wrist-mounted accelerometry data from 168 dyads of elementary-aged children and their parents. Using a custom MATLAB program (Natick, MA), we summed child and parent accelerations over 1 and 60 seconds, respectively, and applied published cut points to determine the amount of time spent in moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA). Bivariate and partial correlations examined parent-child relationships between percentage of time spent in MVPA. RESULTS Weak to moderate positive correlations were observed before school (r = .326, P < .001), after school (r = .176, P = .023), during the evening (r = .213, P = .006), and on weekends (r = .231, P = .003). Partial correlations controlling for parent-child MVPA revealed significant relationships during the school day (r = .185, P = .017), before school (r = .315, P < .001), and on weekends (r = .266, P = .001). In addition, parents of more active children were significantly more active than parents of less active children during the evening. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that there is some association between parent-child PA, especially before school and on weekends. Future interventions aiming to increase PA among adults and children must consider patterns of MVPA specific to children and parents and target them accordingly.
RNF8 and SCML2 cooperate to regulate ubiquitination and H3K27 acetylation for escape gene activation on the sex chromosomes

The sex chromosomes are enriched with germline genes that are activated during the late stages of spermatogenesis. Due to meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), these sex chromosome-linked genes must escape silencing for activation in spermatids, thereby ensuring their functions for male reproduction. RNF8, a DNA damage response protein, and SCML2, a germline-specific Polycomb protein, are two major, known regulators of this process. Here, we show that RNF8 and SCML2 cooperate to regulate ubiquitination during meiosis, an early step to establish active histone modifications for subsequent gene activation. Double mutants of Rnf8 and Scml2 revealed that RNF8-dependent monoubiquitination of histone H2A at Lysine 119 (H2AK119ub) is deubiquitinated by SCML2, demonstrating interplay between RNF8 and SCML2 in ubiquitin regulation. Additionally, we identify distinct functions of RNF8 and SCML2 in the regulation of ubiquitination: SCML2 deubiquitinates RNF8-independent H2AK119ub but does not deubiquitinate RNF8-dependent polyubiquitination. RNF8-dependent polyubiquitination is required for the establishment of H3K27 acetylation, a marker of active enhancers, while persistent H2AK119ub inhibits establishment of H3K27 acetylation. Following the deposition of H3K27 acetylation, H3K4 dimethylation is established as an active mark on poised promoters. Together, we propose a model whereby regulation of ubiquitin leads to the organization of poised enhancers and promoters during meiosis, which induce subsequent gene activation from the otherwise silent sex chromosomes in postmeiotic spermatids.
Lipid content of terrestrial arthropods in relation to body size, phylogeny, ontogeny and sex

Energy storage in arthropods has important implications for survival and reproduction. The lipid content of 276 species of adult arthropods with wet mass in the range 0.2–6.13 g is determined to assess how lipid mass scales with body mass. The relative contribution of lipids to total body mass is investigated with respect to phylogeny, ontogeny and sex. The lipid content of adult insects, arachnids, and arthropods in general shows an isometric scaling relationship with respect to body mass (M) (Marthropod lipid = −1.09 ×Mdry1.01 and Marthropod lipid = −1.00 ×Mlean0.98). However, lipid allocation varies between arthropod taxa, as well as with sex and developmental stage within arthropod taxa. Female insects and arachnids generally have higher lipid contents than males, and larval holometabolous insects and juvenile arachnids have higher lipid contents than adults.
A systematic review of flow training on flow states and performance in elite athletes

This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of flow training on flow states and performance outcomes in elite athletes. PRISMA guidelines were employed and a search on SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, SAGE journals online, INGENTA connect and Google Scholar was completed in December 2015. Six pre-experimental studies using single subject designs and one experimental study, published between 2005 and 2014, found positive effects of psychological interventions improving flow states and performance, with four studies reporting significant or sizeable increases in flow states, and all studies reporting either quantitative or qualitative increases in performance. The studies targeted changes in flow through the use of imagery interventions (3), hypnosis (2), mindfulness (1) and managing pre-performance routines (1). Further rigorous, experimental research with larger sample sizes is required to establish conclusive relationships between flow states and performance. Research recommendations include interventions matched to theoretical dimensions of flow, and the use of multi-skilled and cognitive restructuring interventions. Furthermore, measures of flow intensity and frequency are advised to determine activity-specific requirements, as well as dimensional and global flow scores to further understand how specific interventions are influencing the occurrence of flow.
Hyperbaric spinal ropivacaine in lower limb and hip surgery: A comparison with hyperbaric bupivacaine

Background and Aims: Bupivacaine is more cardiotoxic than ropivacaine. Ropivacaine provides effective spinal anesthesia for lower limb and hip surgeries. This prospective study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine with hyperbaric bupivacaine for patients undergoing limb and hip surgeries. Material and Methods: Two hundred patients aged 40-75 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II of either gender were randomly divided into Group R (Ropivacaine) and Group B (Bupivacaine) to receive an intrathecal injection of 3 ml of hyperbaric ropivacaine 0.5% or 3 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%, respectively. Onset and duration of sensory blockade were determined using the pinprick method by a three-point scale at T-10 dermatome. Onset and duration of motor block were assessed by modified Bromage scale. Duration of postoperative analgesia, hemodynamic changes, central nervous system and cardiovascular system toxicity or any adverse effects were observed. Results: The mean onset of sensory block (6 ± 1.3 min vs. 3 ± 1.1 min; P < 0.001) and motor block (13 ± 1.6 min vs. 9 ± 1.3 min; P < 0.05) was significantly slower in ropivacaine group as compared to bupivacaine group. The total duration of sensory block was significantly shorter in the ropivacaine group (160 ± 12.9 min) than in the bupivacaine group (260 ± 16.1 min; P < 0.05). The mean duration of motor block was also shorter in the ropivacaine group compared to bupivacaine group (126 ± 9.2 min vs. 174 ± 12.6 min; P < 0.05). Quality of anesthesia was comparable in two groups (P = 0.04). Conclusion: We conclude that hyperbaric bupivacaine used intrathecally has a faster onset of sensory block and prolonged duration of analgesia compared to hyperbaric ropivacaine.
Pin1 mediates Aβ42-induced dendritic spine loss

Calcineurin inhibitors may prevent amyloid-induced progression of Alzheimer’s disease by preventing suppression of the isomerase Pin1. Pinpointing amyloid’s toxicity An increase in the amount of amyloid-β (Aβ) in neurons alters calcium signaling and causes synaptic dysfunction and dendritic spine loss, which is believed to cause neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The decreased activity of Pin1, a protein that structurally alters the function of serine- and threonine-phosphorylated proteins (including amyloid precursor protein and tau in the postsynaptic space of neurons), is also associated with AD. Using mouse models of AD, Stallings et al. found that Pin1 was dephosphorylated and inactivated by the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, whose activity in postsynaptic neurons was induced by Aβ. Aβ-induced spine loss was prevented by treating mice with the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 (also known as tacrolimus), an immunosuppressant used to reduce the rejection of organ transplants, suggesting that this drug might be repurposed to treat patients with AD. Early-stage Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the loss of dendritic spines in the neocortex of the brain. This phenomenon precedes tau pathology, plaque formation, and neurodegeneration and likely contributes to synaptic loss, memory impairment, and behavioral changes in patients. Studies suggest that dendritic spine loss is induced by soluble, multimeric amyloid-β (Aβ42), which, through postsynaptic signaling, activates the protein phosphatase calcineurin. We investigated how calcineurin caused spine pathology and found that the cis-trans prolyl isomerase Pin1 was a critical downstream target of Aβ42-calcineurin signaling. In dendritic spines, Pin1 interacted with and was dephosphorylated by calcineurin, which rapidly suppressed its isomerase activity. Knockout of Pin1 or exposure to Aβ42 induced the loss of mature dendritic spines, which was prevented by exogenous Pin1. The calcineurin inhibitor FK506 blocked dendritic spine loss in Aβ42-treated wild-type cells but had no effect on Pin1-null neurons. These data implicate Pin1 in dendritic spine maintenance and synaptic loss in early Alzheimer’s disease.
Study on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber and Steel Fiber Concrete

The mechanical properties of carbon fiber and steel fiber concrete were studied. The results show that the splitting tensile strength, fracture energy and fracture toughness of carbon fiber concrete are much smaller than those of steel fiber concrete. The test results of threepoint bending curves of notched beams of steel fiber concrete show that, before the peak, the effect of microsteel fiber on concrete matrix is bigger than that of bigger diameter steel fiber, but the effect of microsteel fiber on concrete matrix is smaller than that of bigger diameter steel fiber after the peak. The effect of steel fiber on concrete is different for different geometrical size of steel fiber; there is remarkable size effect of steel fiber in the fiber concrete. 
A Comparison Between the Olduvai Hominines and those of Java and some Implications for Hominid Phylogeny

these lines. The Lake Chad craniofacial fragment, provisionally described by M. Yves Coppens in 1962, as an australopithecine, is not, we are convinced, a member of this sub-family. We understand that the discoverer himself, following his investigation of the australopithecine originals from South Africa and Tanganyika, now shares our view in this respect. We believe that,-is i very probably a northern representative of Homo habilis. Outside Africa, the possibility will have to be considered that the teeth and cranial fragments found at Ubeidiyah on the Jordan River in Israel may also belong to Homo habilis rather than to Australopithecus.
Anisotropic Diffusion Filtering with Apriori Estimated Orientation Field for Enhancing Low-quality Fingerprint Images

We present a novel combination of classic anisotropic diffusion filters, a-priori estimated orientation fields and a locally adaptive contrast enhancement step for improving the quality of fingerprint images. By applying our new approach to low-quality images of the FVC2004 fingerprint databases, we are able to show its equivalency to state-of-the-art enhancement methods for fingerprints. Linear anisotropic diffusion and three types of nonlinear anisotropic diffusion are examined: coherence-enhancing, incoherenceenhancing and edge-enhancing diffusion. The performance of diffusion filtering is compared to existing methods in verification tests according to the FVC protocol using the freely available NIST matcher BOZORTH3. In addition, combining anisotropic diffusion filtering with curved Gabor filters leads to considerable improvements in terms of lower equal error rates. The achieved performance improvements and the computational efficiency of the method suggest to include anisotropic diffusion filtering as a standard image enhancement add-on module for a future real-time fingerprint recognition system. In order to facilitate the reproduction of these results by other researchers, a Matlab implementation of the anisotropic diffusion filters is made available for download. Carsten Gottschlich is with the University of Göttingen, Institute for Mathematical Stochastics, Goldschmidtstr. 7, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. Phone: +49-(0)551-39172100. Fax: +49-(0)551-3913505. Email: gottschlich@math.uni-goettingen.de Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb is with the University of Cambridge, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Wilberforce Road, CB3 0WA Cambridge, UK. Phone: +44-(0)1223-764251 Email: c.b. schoenlieb@damtp.cam. ac.uk
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate versus Platelet Rich Plasma to Enhance Osseous Integration Potential for Osteochondral Allografts

Abstract Fresh osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is an attractive treatment option for symptomatic articular cartilage lesions in young, healthy patients. Since a lack of OCA bone integration can be a cause of treatment failure, methods for speeding and enhancing OCA bone integration to mitigate this potential complication are highly desirable. This study sought to determine and compare the potential of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC) and leukoreduced platelet rich plasma (PRP) to repopulate the osseous portion of an OCA with cells and deliver osteogenic proteins. It was hypothesized that BMC would have significantly higher colony forming units (CFUs)/mL and seed the osseous portion of OCA with more cells than PRP. Finally, we hypothesized that the media of BMC and PRP treated OCAs would have significantly higher concentrations of osteogenic proteins compared with negative control OCAs. Cylindrical OCAs (n = 36) created from tissue stored for 21 days were treated with BMC (n = 12) or PRP (n = 12) obtained for 6 dogs, or left untreated as a negative control (n = 12). After treatment, OCAs were cultured for 7 or 14 days. Media were collected for analysis of osteogenic biomarker concentration. Samples of each BMC and PRP were tested for CFU concentration. On day 7 or 14, the grafts were assessed for cell surface adhesion and penetration using fluorescent microscopy. Significant differences in CFU and media biomarker concentration between the groups were determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test with the significance set at p < 0.05. Only OCAs saturated with BMC had viable cells detectable on the osseous portion of the allografts at day 7 and 14 of culture. BMC samples had a significantly higher (p = 0.029) CFU/mL compared with PRP samples. At day 3 and/or 7 of culture, the concentration of several osteogenic proteins was significantly higher in both BMC and PRP samples. Autogenous BMC can be used to deliver both a cell population and osteogenic proteins that may improve healing of the osseous portion of the OCA clinically.
Distress Intolerance Modulation of Neurophysiological Markers of Cognitive Control During a Complex Go/No-Go Task

Distress intolerance (DI), a trait-like individual difference reflective of the inability to endure aversive affective states, is relevant to multiple forms of psychopathology, but its relations to theoretically relevant neurobiological systems have received little attention. Altered cognitive control-related neurobiology has been theorized to underlie individual differences in DI, but little empirical work has been conducted. To test this hypothesis, baseline data from a large community sample with elevated high levels of emotional psychopathology and comorbidity was utilized (N = 256). Participants completed a complex go/no-go task while EEG was recorded, and P2, N2, and P3 amplitudes were measured. Based upon prior findings on the relations between these components and response inhibition, a core cognitive control function, we hypothesized that DI would predict reduced no-go N2 and P3 amplitude while controlling for current anxious/depressive symptom severity (i.e., negative affect). Peak amplitudes from the raw data and principal components analysis were used to quantify amplitude of ERP components. Partially consistent with predictions, high DI was independently associated with reduced no-go N2 peak amplitude in the raw ERP data, and was significantly related to a frontal positivity factor in the N2 time window across no-go and go trials. Contrary to predictions, no relations between DI and the P3 were found. Overall, results support the theorized relevance of cognitive control-linked neurobiology to individual differences in tolerance of distress over and above distress severity itself, and suggest specific relations between DI and alterations in early controlled attention/conflict-monitoring but not response inhibition or response inhibition-related sequelae.
Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Studies of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Endophytic Fusarium solani Isolated from Withania somnifera (L.)

The present study establish extracellular production of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using Fusarium solani, from medicinal plant Withania somnifera (L.) (ashwagandha) and it’s antibacterial and cytotoxicity effects. Biological- AgNP (Bio- AgNP) were synthesized by using fungal cell free extract and characterized by SEM, TEM, UV spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR and AFM analysis. Antibacterial properties were assayed by well diffusion and cytotoxicity by RBC lysis test and MTT assay respectively. X- ray diffraction and microscopic analysis revealed the well dispersed and crystalline nature of spherical nanoparticles with a calculated size ranging from 10 - 50 nm. The Bio-AgNP exhibited significant antibacterial properties in a range of 50-100 µgml-1 against the selected clinical pathogens Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The observed hemolysis of 3.906 % at 50 µg ml-1 suggested the safe therapeutic application of Bio - AgNP. MTT assay revealed that at the suggeseted concentration 69 % of cells are viable. These outcomes are extremely encouraging to utilize Bio-AgNP as a medication. Exploiting the endophytic organisms from therapeutic plants for improvement of nanomaterial is a uninvestigated and relatively novel territory. This may improve the likelihood in future to push the limit ahead in nanomedicine.