Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological analysis to quantify training load in badminton.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the training load of specific on court training regimens based on the magnitude of variation of heart rate-lactate response during specific training and to determine the magnitude of variation of biochemical parameters (urea, uric acid, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK)) 12 hours after the specific training programme so as to assess training stress. METHODS: The study was conducted on six national male badminton players. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2), ventilation (VE), heart rate, and respiratory quotient were measured by a protocol of graded treadmill exercise. Twelve training sessions and 35 singles matches were analysed. Heart rate and blood lactate were monitored during technical training routines and match play. Fasting blood samples collected on two occasions--that is, during off season and 12 hours after specific training--were analysed for serum urea, uric acid, and CPK. RESULTS: Analysis of the on court training regimens showed lactate values of 8-10.5 mmol/l in different phases. The percentage of maximum heart rate ranged from 82% to 100%. Urea, uric acid, and CPK activity showed significant changes from (mean (SD)) 4.93 (0.75) mmol/l to 5.49 (0.84) mmol/l, 0.23 (0.04) to 0.33 (0.06) mmol/l, and 312 (211.8) to 363 (216.4) IU/l respectively. CONCLUSION: Maximum lactate reported in the literature ranges from 3-6 mmol/l. Comparatively high lactate values and high percentage of maximum heart rate found in on court training show a considerable stress on muscular and cardiovascular system. The training load needs appropriate monitoring to avoid over-training. Workouts that are too intensive may interfere with coordination, a factor that is important in sports requiring highly technical skill such as badminton.
Anatomy of a Murder: Semiotics and Students' Perceptions of What Constitutes Murder.

The theory of semiotics is used to explain variation in student responses to what constitutes murder. A survey was administered to 278 introductory and senior level students in criminal justice courses to determine students’ perceptions of what constitutes murder. Descriptions of various types of homicide (e.g, first and second degree murder), euthanasia, abortion, and juvenile homicides were used as the method of measurement. Using descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis and logistic regressions, the findings indicate that religion and ideology are key driving factors in students’ perceptions of what constitutes murder. Students that leaned more conservative on the political spectrum and attended church regularly were more likely to see most of these acts as murder, while those that leaned more liberal and never or occasionally attended church, were more likely to limit their views of murder to a ‘traditional’ definition.
The impact of anthropogenic chlorine , stratospheric ozone change and chemical feedbacks on stratospheric water

The impact of anthropogenic chlorine, stratospheric ozone change and chemical feedbacks on stratospheric water T. Röckmann, J.-U. Grooß, and R. Müller Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Bereich Atmosphärenphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany Received: 17 December 2003 – Accepted: 3 February 2004 – Published: 5 Feburary 2004 Correspondence to: T. Röckmann (t.roeckmann@mpi-hd.mpg.de)
Computational methods for the structure determination of highly dynamic molecular machines by cryo-EM.

In the last couple of years, electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) has gained of rising importance in the field of structural biology and biophysics. Not only that the routinely achievable resolution of the method has dramatically increased to routinely near-atomic resolution. First and foremost the opportunity to resolve structures which where far beyond the size limit for classical methods such as X-ray crystallography and NMR increased the popularity. These features make cryo-EM also more and more interesting for the pharmaceutical industry. However, certain challenges are being unresolved until today. One of them is the usage of the full dynamical information cryo-EM experiments bring with them. The other is the fact that classical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on biological samples still is limited by the radiation sensitivity and the low signal in the images. This thesis will first present a new algorithm based on statistical methods to decipher the conformational landscape of a macromolecular complex from cryo-EM experiments. This information can be used to quantify biochemical phenomena like allostery on the intramolecular level. Such analyses will be discussed to be useful in the drug development pipeline and help to understand the physical foundations of the regulation and function of macromolecular complexes. Secondly, a new imaging method based on scanning TEM will be introduced. In the corresponding publication we evaluate this method in its capability to resolve non-biological samples as well as biological macromolecues. We show that the surrounding medium influences the imaging process in a way that no compromise between the applied dose and the achievable signal can be found and it will be discussed what implications can be drawn for new biological imaging modes in general.
Climate change: Explaining and solving the mismatch between scientific urgency and political inertia

Purpose - This paper has two main purposes. First, it considers the detrimental effects of four politically-salient asymmetries on the policy choices of liberal democracies when dealing with the problem of human-induced climate change. Second, it outlines and evaluates possible solutions for reducing or countering these asymmetries. Design/methodology/approach - The approach involves an analysis and evaluation of policy options based on a survey of the relevant literature. Findings - The paper highlights the serious mismatch between the magnitude and urgency of the climate change problem and the current political will to overcome or mitigate the problem. Although four categories of potential solutions, and the various mechanisms through which they might operate, are discussed, it is recognized that all the available options have significant drawbacks, not least limited political feasibility and doubtful effectiveness. In short, action within liberal democracies to mitigate climate change is likely to remain seriously constrained by the four asymmetries discussed, thus increasing the risk of dangerous climate change. Originality/value - The paper highlights the complexities, both international and national, of confronting human-induced climate change. In particular, it identifies four systemic reasons, in the form of politically-salient asymmetries, why liberal democracies have struggled to take effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provides a systematic assessment of possible solutions to these asymmetries. These include changes to accounting frameworks to ensure that the impact of humanity on the environment and future generations is more transparent.
GRADISTAT: a grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments

Grain size analysis is an essential tool for classifying sedimentary environments. The calculation of statistics for many samples can, however, be a laborious process. A computer program called GRADISTAT has been written for the rapid analysis of grain size statistics from any of the standard measuring techniques, such as sieving and laser granulometry. Mean, mode, sorting, skewness and other statistics are calculated arithmetically and geometrically (in metric units) and logarithmically (in phi units) using moment and Folk and Ward graphical methods. Method comparison has allowed Folk and Ward descriptive terms to be assigned to moments statistics. Results indicate that Folk and Ward measures, expressed in metric units, appear to provide the most robust basis for routine comparisons of compositionally variable sediments. The program runs within the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet package and is extremely versatile, accepting standard and non‐standard size data, and producing a range of graphical outputs including frequency and ternary plots. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
16.2 A 0.19pJ/b PVT-variation-tolerant hybrid physically unclonable function circuit for 100% stable secure key generation in 22nm CMOS

Physically unclonable function (PUF) circuits are low-cost cryptographic primitives used for generation of unique, stable and secure keys or chip IDs for device authentication and data security in high-performance microprocessors [1][2][3][7]. The volatile nature of PUFs provides a high level of security and tamper resistance against invasive probing attacks compared to conventional fuse-based key storage technologies [4]. A process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variation-tolerant all-digital PUF array targeted for on-die generation of 100% stable, device-specific, high-entropy keys is fabricated in 22nm tri-gate high-κ metal-gate CMOS technology [5], featuring: i) a hybrid delay/cross-coupled PUF circuit where interaction of 16 minimum-sized, variation-impacted transistors determines resolution dynamics, ii) a temporal majority voting (TMV) circuit to stabilize occasionally unstable bits, resulting in 53% reduction in instability, iii) burn-in hardening to reinforce manufacturing-time PUF bias, resulting in 22% reduction in bit-errors, iv) soft dark bits for run-time identification and sequestration of highly unstable bits during field operation, resulting in 78% lower bit-errors, v) 19× separation between inter- and intra-PUF Hamming distance, enabling die-specific keys, vi) autocorrelation factor≈0 and entropy=0.9997, while passing NIST randomness tests, vii) high tolerance to voltage and temperature variation with 82% reduction in average Hamming-distance using a 100-cycle dark bit window, viii) in-situ PUF hardening by leveraging directed NBTI aging to improve stability during field operation, and ix) ultra-low energy consumption of 0.19pJ/b with compact bitcell layout of 4. 66μm2 (Fig. 16.2.7a).
Generalizable Patterns in Neuroimaging: How Many Principal Components?

Generalization can be defined quantitatively and can be used to assess the performance of principal component analysis (PCA). The generalizability of PCA depends on the number of principal components retained in the analysis. We provide analytic and test set estimates of generalization. We show how the generalization error can be used to select the number of principal components in two analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging activation sets.
Grammatical Form and Semantic Context in Verb Learning

Decades of research have documented that young word learners have more difficulty learning verbs than nouns. Nonetheless, recent evidence has uncovered conditions under which children as young as 24 months succeed. Here, we focus in on the kind of linguistic information that undergirds 24-month-olds' success. We introduced 24-month-olds to novel words (either nouns or verbs) as they watched dynamic scenes (e.g., a man waving a balloon); the novel words were presented in semantic contexts that were either rich (e.g., The man is pilking a balloon) or more sparse (e.g., He's pilking it). Toddlers successfully learned nouns in both the semantically rich and sparse contexts but learned verbs only in the rich context. This documents that to learn the meaning of a novel verb, English-acquiring toddlers take advantage of the semantically rich information provided in lexicalized noun phrases. Implications for cross-linguistic theories of acquisition are discussed.
Deadlift Muscle Force and Activation Under Stable and Unstable Conditions

Chulvi-Medrano, I, García-Massó, X, Colado, JC, Pablos, C, Alves de Moraes, J, and Fuster, MA. Deadlift muscle force and activation under stable and unstable conditions. J Strength Cond Res 24(10): 2723-2730, 2010-The objective of this study was to compare the production of force and paraspinal muscle activity between deadlifts carried out in a standard way and with different instability devices (Bosu and T-Bow). Deadlifts involve the performance of muscle activities with dynamic and isometric characteristics. Thirty-one subjects participated voluntarily in the study. Initially, they performed an isometric test for 5 seconds in each condition. After that, they performed a set of 5 repetitions with 70% of the maximum isometric force obtained in each one of the previously evaluated conditions. During the isometric tests, records of electromyographic activity and force production were obtained, whereas during the dynamic tests, only the electromyographic activity was registered. The subjects produced more force and muscle activity on the stable surface than under the other conditions during the isometric test (p < 0.05), and the same differences in muscle activity were observed during the dynamic test (p < 0.05). These data show that the performance of deadlifts under stable conditions favors a higher production of maximum strength and muscle activity. Therefore, we conclude that the use of instability devices in deadlift training does not increase performance, nor does it provide greater activation of the paraspinal muscles, leading us to question their value in the performance of other types of exercises.
AC Loss Measurements in a Hybrid REBCO/BSCCO Coil Assembly

Wire cost and ac loss are paramount issues for the future uptake of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) ac machines. In particular, new approaches which reduce the total manufacturing cost of HTS coils are critical to the future commercial uptake of HTS technology. Here, we present the results of ac loss measurements of a hybrid HTS coil assembly comprising end windings (EWs) wound with BSCCO wire and a central winding (CW) wound with REBCO wire. As a cost mitigation measure, we have chosen to use REBCO wire which possesses a relatively low self-field $I_{{\rm{c}}}$ at 77 K, equating to approximately half that of the BSCCO wire. Transport ac loss measurements were made on the total coil assembly at both 77 K and 65 K, using a recently developed lock-in amplifier approach. We show the ac losses in the assembly at these temperatures scale with the overall transport critical current threshold of the hybrid coil assembly. The results are then compared with a reference coil assembly having similar geometrical dimensions, and in which both the EWs and CW were wound with identical BSCCO wire. Surprisingly, we observe that the ac loss of the hybrid coil is lower than that of the BSCCO coil, despite the CW of the hybrid coil employing wire a lower overall average $I_{{\rm{c}}}$. We attribute this effect to the lower ac loss of coated conductor REBCO wire under parallel field, which is the dominant field orientation in the CW region. Based on this observation, we conclude that the hybrid assembly design is a good design strategy for HTS coil assemblies, enabling both wire cost and ac loss to be balanced.
A Study of Ethnic Minority College Students: A Relationship among the Big Five Personality Traits, Cultural Intelligence, and Psychological Well-Being.

Institutions of Higher Education are challenged to educate an increasing, diverse ethnic minority population. This study examines (1) if the theory of the Big Five personality traits as a predictor of the cultural intelligence theoretical model remains constant with ethnic minority college students attending a southeastern United States Historically Black College or University, and (2) if there is a predictive relationship between cultural intelligence and the psychological well-being of ethnic minority college students. Ethnic minority college students received an online survey that included demographic questions, the Cultural Intelligence Scale (Earley & Ang, 2003), Goldberg’s (1999) Internal Personality Item Pool (IPIP), an alternate version of Costa and McCrae’s (1992) commercial Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R ), and the Scale of Psychological Well-Being (Ryff, 1989). Standard multiple regression analyses were used. The results indicate that the antecedent relationship between the Big Five personality traits and the cultural intelligence model remained constant. Study results did not demonstrate a significant relationship between minority college students’ cultural intelligence and psychological well-being. Descriptors: Big Five Personality Traits, Cultural Intelligence, Ethnic Minority College Students, Psychological Well-Being Dedication This research is dedicated to God, who has been and always will be my Guide, for without Him I would not exist. “For I know the plans I have for you,” declares the Lord, “plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future” (Jeremiah 29:11 NIV).
Education as Controlling Factor of Invasive Species ( Achatina fulica ) in an Amazonian City, Brazil

This study deals with the influence of education on population dynamics of African snail, Achatina fulica, in Santana, Amapa, Brazil. Mollusc samples were taken with the installation of two quadrants of 2.00 × 2.00 meters, where there was the presence of animals in five installments (urban land) in each neighborhood. Individuals were collected by manual capture with an effort of 2 hours per plot/sampler and then weighed and measured. Questionnaires were administered to residents of each neighborhood order to know their perception towards the African snail. The results indicated a significant population growth, with 419 molluscs identified as A. fulica in the three neighborhoods of the city of Santana. Growth was higher in the center and Paradise neighborhoods, being observed in these two districts the care of cleaning the property was poor, enabling the installation of molluscs. The information reported by residents interviewed indicated that the level of education of the same, as well as its hygienic practices was related to the occurrence and abundance of the species under study. In the Amazon Village neighborhood, the abundance and occurrence were smaller and not different in past study. It became apparent that residents with higher education levels were those which kept hygienic with their property, which directly influenced the non-installation of alien species, contributing indirectly with the environment.
Reacting to Different Types of Concept Drift: The Accuracy Updated Ensemble Algorithm

Data stream mining has been receiving increased attention due to its presence in a wide range of applications, such as sensor networks, banking, and telecommunication. One of the most important challenges in learning from data streams is reacting to concept drift, i.e., unforeseen changes of the stream's underlying data distribution. Several classification algorithms that cope with concept drift have been put forward, however, most of them specialize in one type of change. In this paper, we propose a new data stream classifier, called the Accuracy Updated Ensemble (AUE2), which aims at reacting equally well to different types of drift. AUE2 combines accuracy-based weighting mechanisms known from block-based ensembles with the incremental nature of Hoeffding Trees. The proposed algorithm is experimentally compared with 11 state-of-the-art stream methods, including single classifiers, block-based and online ensembles, and hybrid approaches in different drift scenarios. Out of all the compared algorithms, AUE2 provided best average classification accuracy while proving to be less memory consuming than other ensemble approaches. Experimental results show that AUE2 can be considered suitable for scenarios, involving many types of drift as well as static environments.
Determinants of early childhood caries (ECC) in a rural Manitoba community: a pilot study.

PURPOSE Preschool oral health is often overlooked as an important aspect of childhood health and well-being. The purposes of this study were to: (1) determine the dental status of 3-year-old children in the community of Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and (2) identify the principal determinants of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in 2 consecutive years. METHODS All children and mothers attending a preschool health screening fair were invited to participate. Study procedures included a retrospective interview with parents and dental examination of the child. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, chi-square, and multiple regression. A P value of <. 05 denoted significance. RESULTS A total of 61 children participated (mean age=45.7+/-3.4 months). The prevalence of ECC was 44%, while the mean deft was 2+/-3.3. Increased caries activity and ECC were associated with lower maternal level of education (P<.01). Family size was associated with deft scores (P=.03) while the presence of debris was also associated with ECC (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS ECC prevalence among these 3-year-olds is less than exhibited among other Canadian preschool children. Factors associated with ECC included debris on the primary teeth and low maternal education. Factors most associated with increased caries activity included low maternal education and increased family size. In addition, parents were able to reliably assess their child's dental health status. Larger epidemiological studies of ECC are needed to better assess prevalence and risk factors. Such data may, therefore, assist in identifying those children at greatest risk for ECC. It may also help in the redirection of scarce resources to effective preventive oral health interventions, as these children have an increased caries burden along the continuum of childhood.
The Deployment of Business Process Management Systems: A Quantitative Analysis of End-Users' Evaluations

Business process management technology is used at many sites as an instrument to improve the efficiency and agility of business operations. Currently, only a fragmented insight exists into the determinants for successful usage of this technology. The study in this paper is a first approach to more systematically investigate this issue, in particular by taking the end-user perspective into account. The study draws from quantitative data on two different implementations of business process management technology, as generated by the involvement of 342 end users. A major finding is that the proposed research model, inspired by the DeLone and McLean IS success model, has a very high power to explain the successfulness of the investigated implementations. It is found in particular that input and output quality and the quality of the IT support during operations are key factors that are more important than the characteristics of the actual system, which has important ramifications for IT praxis and research.