Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language teacher education in Finland and the cultural dimension of foreign language teaching – a student teacher perspective

The increasing importance attributed to the cultural dimension of FL education has entailed new demands for teachers and teacher educators. This paper explores the cultural agenda in Finnish language teacher education from a student teacher perspective. The focus is on the students' perceptions regarding how effectively cultural aspects are dealt with in their training, and how these perceptions may be affected by the length of time they have spent abroad. The empirical evidence suggests that both the language studies and the pedagogical studies tend to address cultural aspects to a small or very small extent. The main emphasis is placed on traditional aspects of culture, such as literature and Realia knowledge, and strategies for teaching language seem to overshadow strategies for teaching language and culture in an integrated way. Interestingly, the students' perceptions seem to vary depending on the extent to which they have experienced first‐hand contacts with other cultures.
Notes on Some of Osborn's Mallophaga Types and the Description of a New Genus, Rotundiceps (Philopteridae)

There is a small series of Herbert Osborn's Mallophaga types, comprising nine species, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. These were described as new in his 1896 paper, Insects Af fect in ,g Domestic animal^. ^ I should like to express my indebtedness to the late Mr. James E. Peters, Curator of Birds, Museum of Comparative Zoology, who permitted me on numerous occasions to examine bird skins for lice to help determine the validity of host designations, and to Dr. Joseph Bequaert, Curator of Insects, for the loan of the type material. Mr. Louis Lipovsky, Department of Entomology, University of Kansas, supplied me with additional material. Dr. K. C. Emerson has given me many valuable suggestions concerning the material. A grantin-aid from the Society of the Sigma Xi made i t possible for me to complete this study.
Purifications of Rat Adrenal Dopamine‐β‐Hydroxylase: Immunological Analysis of Its Soluble and Membrane‐Bound Forms with the Use of an Antibody Raised Against the Soluble Form

Abstract: Soluble and membrane‐bound dopamine‐β‐hy‐droxylases (sDBH and mDBH, respectively) from rat adrenal glands have been purified through concanavalin A‐Sepharose chromatography, gel filtration, and ion‐exchange high‐performance chromatographies. Both sDBH and mDBH were composed by four subunits of apparent molecular weight of 57,000 and showed a native molecular weight of 300,000. This procedure has not allowed us to obtain a sufficient amount of enzyme to immunize a rabbit. A second, more rapid procedure was designed to isolate sDBH, including concanavalin A‐Sepharose chromatography and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A rabbit antiserum was raised against this purified protein. The specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by neutralization of rat adrenal gland DBH activity, labeling of rat adrenal medulla on histological sections, and, after Western blot, labeling of the 75,000–molecular‐weight band in the different fractions associated with DBH activity during purification. The antiserum had a higher affinity for the sDBH denatured by sodium dodecyl sulfate than for the native protein. It had a higher affinity for sDBH than for mDBH. These results strongly suggest the presence of specific hydrophilic epitopes on the sDBH, revealing structural differences between the two hydroxylase forms. Two protein bands were stained on Western blots of crude rat adrenal gland extract. One band had an apparent molecular weight of 75,000, and the other of 82,000. Our results showed that the two proteins contained similar epitopes, an observation suggesting a close structural relationship. The higher‐molecular‐weight protein could be the75,000 protein before covalent modifications and cleavage.
Hemispheric Asymmetry in White Matter Connectivity of the Temporoparietal Junction with the Insula and Prefrontal Cortex

The temporoparietal junction (TPJ) is a key node in the brain's ventral attention network (VAN) that is involved in spatial awareness and detection of salient sensory stimuli, including pain. The anatomical basis of this network's right-lateralized organization is poorly understood. Here we used diffusion-weighted MRI and probabilistic tractography to compare the strength of white matter connections emanating from the right versus left TPJ to target regions in both hemispheres. Symmetry of structural connectivity was evaluated for connections between TPJ and target regions that are key cortical nodes in the right VAN (insula and inferior frontal gyrus) as well as target regions that are involved in salience and/or pain (putamen, cingulate cortex, thalamus). We found a rightward asymmetry in connectivity strength between the TPJ and insula in healthy human subjects who were scanned with two different sets of diffusion-weighted MRI acquisition parameters. This rightward asymmetry in TPJ-insula connectivity was stronger in females than in males. There was also a leftward asymmetry in connectivity strength between the TPJ and inferior frontal gyrus, consistent with previously described lateralization of language pathways. The rightward lateralization of the pathway between the TPJ and insula supports previous findings on the roles of these regions in stimulus-driven attention, sensory awareness, interoception and pain. The findings also have implications for our understanding of acute and chronic pains and stroke-induced spatial hemineglect.
Career Assessment for Adolescents with Mild Disabilities: Critical Concerns for Transition Planning

This paper addresses the theoretical and practical concerns of transition-related career assessment for adolescents with mild disabilities. First, different terms used with assessment-career, vocational, and transition assessment-are defined to gain a clearer understanding of the general purposes of career assessment in transition planning and preparation. Second, the applicability of prominent career theories, including common assumptions or misconceptions, about the career behavior of individuals with mild disabilities is discussed. Third, primary career assessment areas that support the preparation of adolescents with mild disabilities for making the transition from school to adult life are presented. Finally, the applicability of commonly used assessment instruments for individuals with mild disabilities is reviewed. Alternative ways to conceptualize the assessment process also are considered. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Effects of Trigonelline, an Alkaloid Present in Coffee, on Diabetes-Induced Disorders in the Rat Skeletal System

Diabetes increases bone fracture risk. Trigonelline, an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity, is present in considerable amounts in coffee. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of trigonelline on experimental diabetes-induced disorders in the rat skeletal system. Effects of trigonelline (50 mg/kg p.o. daily for four weeks) were investigated in three-month-old female Wistar rats, which, two weeks before the start of trigonelline administration, received streptozotocin (60 mg/kg i.p.) or streptozotocin after nicotinamide (230 mg/kg i.p.). Serum bone turnover markers, bone mineralization, and mechanical properties were studied. Streptozotocin induced diabetes, with significant worsening of bone mineralization and bone mechanical properties. Streptozotocin after nicotinamide induced slight glycemia increases in first days of experiment only, however worsening of cancellous bone mechanical properties and decreased vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) were demonstrated. Trigonelline decreased bone mineralization and tended to worsen bone mechanical properties in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In nicotinamide/streptozotocin-treated rats, trigonelline significantly increased BMD and tended to improve cancellous bone strength. Trigonelline differentially affected the skeletal system of rats with streptozotocin-induced metabolic disorders, intensifying the osteoporotic changes in streptozotocin-treated rats and favorably affecting bones in the non-hyperglycemic (nicotinamide/streptozotocin-treated) rats. The results indicate that, in certain conditions, trigonelline may damage bone.
Evaluation of a Youth-Led Program for Preventing Bullying, Sexual Harassment, and Dating Aggression in Middle Schools

Although youth-led programs (YLP) have been successful in many areas of public health, youth leadership is rarely used in the prevention of peer aggression. A YLP to reduce bullying, sexual harassment, and dating aggression was compared experimentally with the board-mandated usual practice (UP). Four middle schools in an urban Canadian school division were randomly assigned to a YLP or to UP programs led by adults. Knowledge, attitudes, victimization, and emotional school adjustment (anxiety and school connectedness) were assessed in the fall (pretest) and spring (posttest) among 509 Grades 7 and 8 students (51.4% female, X ¯ age = 12.37). Significant improvements were found in knowledge and attitudes in both programs. Students receiving the YLP showed significant reductions in anxiety and maintained their school connectedness (all ps < .05). The results suggest that youth-led prevention is an effective approach for tackling peer aggression in school settings.
1H NMR Metabolomics Analysis of Glioblastoma Subtypes

Background: Unpredictable clinical behavior of glioblastoma multiforme suggests distinct molecular subtypes. Results: Metabolic profiles of different glioblastoma lines indicate distinct subtypes correlated with gene expression differences. Conclusion: A subset of metabolites can be used to distinguish between four subtypes of glioblastomas. Significance: Metabolic profiling of cancers provides a way for subtype determination with possible diagnostic and prognostic applications. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of malignant glioma, characterized by unpredictable clinical behaviors that suggest distinct molecular subtypes. With the tumor metabolic phenotype being one of the hallmarks of cancer, we have set upon to investigate whether GBMs show differences in their metabolic profiles. 1H NMR analysis was performed on metabolite extracts from a selection of nine glioblastoma cell lines. Analysis was performed directly on spectral data and on relative concentrations of metabolites obtained from spectra using a multivariate regression method developed in this work. Both qualitative and quantitative sample clustering have shown that cell lines can be divided into four groups for which the most significantly different metabolites have been determined. Analysis shows that some of the major cancer metabolic markers (such as choline, lactate, and glutamine) have significantly dissimilar concentrations in different GBM groups. The obtained lists of metabolic markers for subgroups were correlated with gene expression data for the same cell lines. Metabolic analysis generally agrees with gene expression measurements, and in several cases, we have shown in detail how the metabolic results can be correlated with the analysis of gene expression. Combined gene expression and metabolomics analysis have shown differential expression of transporters of metabolic markers in these cells as well as some of the major metabolic pathways leading to accumulation of metabolites. Obtained lists of marker metabolites can be leveraged for subtype determination in glioblastomas.
Evaluation of the Predictive Validity of Thermography in Identifying Extravasation With Intravenous Chemotherapy Infusions

Early detection of extravasation is important, but conventional methods of detection lack objectivity and reliability. This study evaluated the predictive validity of thermography for identifying extravasation during intravenous antineoplastic therapy. Of 257 patients who received chemotherapy through peripheral veins, extravasation was identified in 26. Thermography was performed every 15 to 30 minutes during the infusions. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value using thermography were 84.6%, 94.8%, 64.7%, and 98.2%, respectively. This study showed that thermography offers an accurate prediction of extravasation.
‘Bigger than hip-hop?’ Impact of a community-based physical activity program on youth living in a disadvantaged neighborhood in Canada

This study explored whether a hip-hop dance program was associated with improved well-being for adolescents living in a multicultural, socio-economically disadvantaged urban community in Ottawa. Sixty-seven youths between 11 and 16 years of age participated in a 13-week program. A primarily qualitative approach was used to assess perceived impact of this pilot program from the perspective of youth participants, parents, and program personnel. Two independent reviewers analyzed the data using a content and theme analysis. The findings suggested that the community-based intervention was a promising program for the promotion of youth psychological, social, and physical well-being. The adolescents, parents, and/or personnel described benefits across seven main areas, including dancing and related skills, behaviors (e.g., reduced television viewing), physical well-being, psychological well-being, relationships, respect for others and for diversity, and school performance. Implications of this study are discussed in relation to future research and to other programs targeting adolescent health promotion in urban disadvantaged communities.
Traditional Rhetoric, Organizational Realities: Remand of Juveniles to Adult Court

The remand of juveniles to adult court has traditionally been justified as providing protection to the public by identifying the most intractable and dangerous delinquents. The present analysis of the case histories of 214 remanded juveniles and interviews with key decision makers does not support this traditional rhetoric. There is little evidence to suggest that those juveniles remanded are singularly dangerous or intractable, nor is there evidence to suggest that their remand enhances public safety. In contrast to traditional rhetoric, the present analysis suggests that organizational and political factors account for the high rate of remand. In evidencing a willingness to relinquish jurisdiction over a small percentage of its clientele, and by portraying these juveniles as the most intractable and the greatest threat to public safety, the juvenile system not only creates an effective symbolic gesture regarding protection of the public but it also advances its territorial interests in maintaining jurisdiction over the vast majority of juveniles and deflecting more encompassing criticisms of the entire system.
Prosocial Behavior between Friends in Middle Childhood and Early Adolescence

Fourth, sixth, and eighth graders were paired either with a close friend or with a classmate whom they neither strongly liked nor strongly disliked. The pairs of children were observed as they did two tasks that provided them with opportunities for generous or helpful behavior toward each other. On one task, children distributed rewards to themselves and to their partner. On the second task, children were allowed to help their partner get rewards when the partner had been placed at a disadvantage. The results showed an increase with age in the differences between friends' and classmates' behavior. Eighth graders were more generous and more helpful toward friends than toward other classmates, but sixth and fourth graders treated friends and classmates similarly. After doing the tasks, eighth graders also reported that they thought their friends less often competed with them and more often tried for equality in rewards than other classmates. Attributions about the partner's motives were similar for friends and classmates at sixth and fourth grade. The age differences in behavior and motives are compared with current theories of the development of friendship.
How Does Crop Insurance Enrollment Affect Marketing Contracts Participation: Theory and Empirical Evidences

Agricultural contracts and crop insurance are important ways for farmers to mitigate risks in modern U.S. agriculture. In this paper, we investigate the effect of crop insurance enrollment on farmers’ participation of marketing contracts. Following Ligon (2003), we setup a mechanism design framework to demonstrate an integrator’s contract design problem where farmers are assumed to be expected utility maximizing agents. We use a Babcock (2012) style specification to depict farmers’ optimal choice of insurance coverage and the incentive compatibility and participation constraints for the integrator. Our model shows that, under certain assumptions, a lower crop insurance premium rate could induce higher compensation from integrators. Moreover, crop insurance subsidy allows for higher marketing contract participation. The rationale is that when farmers purchase crop insurance, they rely less on contracts to mitigate risk and become more independent from integrators. Therefore, integrators may revise their contract offers so that the they are more attractive and incentive compatible. This result indicates that the use of one risk management tool may not crowd out the use of the other. For the empirical estimation, we use various data sources and 2SLS to see how crop insurance enrollment affects farmers’ participation in marketing contracts. We use pre-growing season weather variables as IV for insurance enrollment. The second stage result indicates that farms with higher possibility of insurance enrollment will have about 40 percent higher chance of participation in marketing contracts as well. Moreover, we show that the subsidy effect of crop insurance is heterogeneous among different crops.
A Comparative Analysis of Perceived Benefits of Participation between Recreational Sport Programs

This study examined recreational sports, with a focus on a comparative analysis of the overall, social, intellectual, and fitness perceived benefits associated with participation in three separate recreational program areas: group fitness, intramural sport, and sport clubs. A survey instrument, based upon the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and Quality and Importance of Recreational Services (QIRS) perceived benefit scale, was administered to 1,176 students at a postsecondary institution. Results revealed a significant difference in perceived benefits between recreational program areas, with sport clubs reporting the greatest mean in all four perceived benefit groups (overall, social, intellectual, fitness). The study also found a significant positive correlation between all perceived benefit groups. These findings have implications for practitioners in terms of perceived benefit differences, suggesting advantages of the sport club program structure and the potential multiple effects of enhancing a perceived benefit group.
Immunization with the MipA, Skp, or ETEC_2479 Antigens Confers Protection against Enterotoxigenic E. coli Strains Expressing Different Colonization Factors in a Mouse Pulmonary Challenge Model

Achieving cross-protective efficacy against multiple bacterial strains or serotypes is an important goal of vaccine design. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrheal disease in underdeveloped nations. We have been interested in identifying and characterizing ETEC antigens that generate protective immune responses independent of ETEC colonization factor (CF) expression. Our previous studies used proteomics to identify the ETEC MipA, Skp, and ETEC_2479 proteins as effective in protecting mice from homologous challenge with ETEC H10407 using a pulmonary inoculation model. This model permits analysis of mouse survival, bacterial clearance, and the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) and has been employed previously for studies of enteric pathogens for which robust oral challenge models do not exist. MipA belongs to a family of proteins involved in remodeling peptidoglycan. Skp rescues misdirected outer membrane proteins. ETEC_2479 is predicted to function as an outer membrane porin. These proteins are conserved in pathogenic ETEC strains as well as in commensal Proteobacteria. Antibodies produced against the ETEC MipA, Skp, and ETEC_2479 proteins also reduced the adherence of multiple ETEC strains differing in CF type to intestinal epithelial cells. Here we characterized the ability of 10 heterologous ETEC strains that differ in CF type to cause clinical signs of illness in mice after pulmonary challenge. ETEC strains C350C1A, E24377A, E7476A, WS2173A, and PE360 caused variable degrees of lethality in this mouse model, while ETEC strains B7A, WS6866B, 2230, ARG-2, and 8786 did not. Subsequent challenge experiments in which mice were first vaccinated intranasally with MipA, Skp, or ETEC_2479, when combined with cholera toxin, showed both that each antigen was protective and that protection was strongly correlated with fecal IgA concentrations. We conclude that the MipA, Skp, or ETEC_2479 antigens generate protection in the mouse pulmonary challenge model against ETEC strains that express different CFs.
Bridging Corporate and Organizational Communication: Review, Development and a Look to the Future

The theory and practice of corporate communication is usually driven by other disciplinary concerns than the field of organizational communication. However, its particular mind-set focusing on wholeness and consistency in corporate messages increasingly influence the domain of contemporary organizational communication as well. We provide a formative and critical review of research on corporate communication as a platform for highlighting crucial intersections with select research traditions in organizational communication to argue for a greater integration between these two areas of research. Following this review, we relax the assumptions underlying traditional corporate communication research and show how these dimensions interact in organizational and communication analysis, thus, demonstrating the potential for a greater cross-fertilization between the two areas of research. This cross-fertilization, as we will illustrate, enriches the theorization of corporate and organizational communication and may better link micro- and macro level analyses.
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafoods in Lagos Lagoon Nigeria

Abstract In this study, a total of 90 seafood samples; croaker fish (Pseudotolithus senegalensis), shrimps (Penaeus notialis) and blue crab (Callinectes amnicola) collected from landing sites along the Lagos Lagoon in Nigeria were examined for the prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus using both biochemical and molecular methods. Biochemical identification of the isolates was confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The presence of the virulence-associated tdh (thermostable direct haemolysin), trh 1 (thermostable-related haemolysin) and trh 2 genes in the V. parahaemolyticus isolates was also detected by the PCR method. PCR products from the V.16S primers were sequenced. Antibiotics susceptibility of the isolates was also determined. About, eight isolates were presumptively identified as V. parahaemolyticus, PCR identified five and none of the isolates were positive for the genes tdh or trh. The five isolates sequenced were identified as different strains of V. parahaemolyticus. V. parahaemolyticus_RIMD_2210633 = 2MKSHa remained resistant to all antimicrobials tested. However, only V. parahaemolyticus_MP-2_AY911391 = TBSHy showed strong sensitivity to all the antimicrobials with ampicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration-4 μg/ml). In addition, the other three isolates showed sensitivity for Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Ceftazidime. Ampicillin resistance in most of the isolates suggests low efficiency of ampicillin in management of V. parahaemolyticus infection.