Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Mammography Screening Behaviors: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study of Egyptian Women

Breast cancer is considered as a substantial health concern and practicing mammography screening [MS] is important in minimizing its related morbidity. So it is essential to have a better understanding of breast cancer screening behaviors of women and factors that influence utilization of them. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that are linked to MS behaviors among the Egyptian women. A cross-sectional descriptive design was carried out to provide a snapshot of the factors that are linked to MS behaviors. A convenience sample of 311 women was utilized and all eligible participants admitted to the Women Imaging Unit who are 40 years of age or above, coming for mammography assessment, not pregnant or breast feeding and who accepted to participate in the study were included. A structured questionnaire was developed by the researchers and contains three parts; Socio-demographic data; Motivating factors associated with MS; and association between MS and model of behavior change. The analyzed data indicated that most of the participated women (66.6%) belonged to the age group of 40- 49.A high proportion of participants (58.1%) of group having previous MS influenced by their neighbors to practice MS, whereas 32.7 % in group not having previous MS were influenced by family members which indicated significant differences (P and media shown to be the least influence of others to practice MS. Women with intention to have a future mammogram had higher OR (1.404) for practicing MS compared with women with no intention. Further studies are needed to examine the relation between Transtheoretical Model [TTM] and practicing MS.
Baseline Intrahepatic and Peripheral Innate Immunity are Associated with Hepatitis C Virus Clearance During Direct‐Acting Antiviral Therapy

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces interferon (IFN)‐stimulated genes (ISGs) and downstream innate immune responses. This study investigated whether baseline and on‐treatment differences in these responses predict response versus virological breakthrough during therapy with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs). Thirteen HCV genotype 1b–infected patients who had previously failed a course of pegylated IFN/ribavirin were retreated with asunaprevir/daclatasvir for 24 weeks. After pretreatment biopsy, patients were randomized to undergo a second biopsy at week 2 or 4 on therapy. Microarray and NanoString analyses were performed on paired liver biopsies and analyzed using linear mixed models. As biomarkers for peripheral IFN responses, peripheral blood natural killer cells were assessed for phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (pSTAT1) and tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression and degranulation. Nine of 13 (69%) patients achieved sustained virological response at 12 weeks off therapy (SVR12), and 4 experienced virological breakthroughs between weeks 4 and 12. Patients who achieved SVR12 displayed higher ISG expression levels in baseline liver biopsies and a higher frequency of pSTAT1 and TRAIL‐expressing, degranulating natural killer cells in baseline blood samples than those who experienced virological breakthrough. Comparing gene expression levels from baseline and on‐therapy biopsies, 408 genes (±1.2‐fold, P < 0.01) were differentially expressed. Genes down‐regulated on treatment were predominantly ISGs. Down‐regulation of ISGs was rapid and correlated with HCV RNA suppression. Conclusion: An enhanced IFN signature is observed at baseline in liver and blood of patients who achieve SVR12 compared to those who experience a virological breakthrough; the findings suggest that innate immunity may contribute to clearance of HCV during DAA therapy by preventing the emergence of resistance‐associated substitutions that lead to viral breakthrough during DAA therapy.
Origin of chemically distinct discs in the Auriga cosmological simulations

The stellar disk of the Milky Way shows complex spatial and abundance structure that is central to understanding the key physical mechanisms responsible for shaping our Galaxy. In this study, we use six very high resolution cosmological zoom simulations of Milky Way-sized haloes to study the prevalence and formation of chemically distinct disc components. We find that our simulations develop a clearly bimodal distribution in the $[\rm \alpha/Fe]$ -- $[\rm Fe/H]$ plane. We find two main pathways to creating this dichotomy which operate in different regions of the galaxies: a) an early ($z>1$) and intense high-$\rm[\alpha/Fe]$ star formation phase in the inner region ($R\lesssim 5$ kpc) induced by gas-rich mergers, followed by more quiescent low-$\rm[\alpha/Fe]$ star formation; and b) an early phase of high-$\rm[\alpha/Fe]$ star formation in the outer disc followed by a shrinking of the gas disc owing to a temporarily lowered gas accretion rate, after which disc growth resumes. In process b), a double-peaked star formation history around the time and radius of disc shrinking accentuates the dichotomy. If the early star formation phase is prolonged (rather than short and intense), chemical evolution proceeds as per process a) in the inner region, but the dichotomy is less clear. In the outer region, the dichotomy is only evident if the first intense phase of star formation covers a large enough radial range before disc shrinking occurs; otherwise, the outer disc consists of only low-$\rm[\alpha/Fe]$ sequence stars. We discuss the implication that both processes occurred in the Milky Way.
Contextualization and Context Theorizing in Teams Research: A Look Back and a Path Forward

In this paper we review recent field research on teams in the workplace with the objective to help advance research about teams and their external context. We investigate contextualization by reviewing the research settings in which teams have been studied, and we investigate context theorizing by reviewing work where external context variables have been explicitly modeled. We propose guidelines to improve contextualization and avenues to explore context theorizing.
Oceanic in fl uence on the Baiu frontal zone in the East China Sea

A high-resolution transect of atmospheric soundings across the Kuroshio Current in the East China Sea was conducted onboard a ship in June 2012 with the objective of analyzing the influence of the complex sea surface temperature (SST) distribution on the Baiu frontal zone (BFZ). Expendable bathythermograph castings and continuous surface meteorological observations were also examined. Two distinct mesoscale atmospheric fronts, characterized by changes of wind direction in the lower troposphere and surface air temperature, were found in the BFZ. One (northern) atmospheric front was observed around the SST front in relation to a warm water tongue extending from the Kuroshio. A high SST region around the northern atmospheric front enhances unstable near surface stratification and intensifies turbulent heat flux. They help modify the marine atmospheric boundary layer in the BFZ. The other (southern) atmospheric front was at the southern end of the BFZ. Intense evaporation over the Kuroshio and moisture transport by southerly winds were important in forming the conditionally unstable air masses in the lower troposphere of the BFZ.
Social Media as More Than a Peer Space: College Freshmen Encountering Parents on Facebook

Social networking sites, first embraced by youth, have become increasingly popular among older generations. With more parents joining the sites, young people today are likely to encounter their parents on these platforms. However, there is limited information about how youth respond to the changing landscape, especially during the transition to a residential college, when parental support is particularly important but parent-child interaction may be disrupted by geographical distance. Drawing on literature of college transition, youth’s relationship with parents, and “context collapse,” this study explores how college freshmen react to parents’ participation in Facebook. Fifty-one semistructured interviews were conducted with 28 first-year students attending a major residential U.S. university (age M = 18.14, SD = 0.45; 50% female; 75% White, 11% multiethnic, 7% Asian, and 7% Latino). Findings showed that college freshmen overwhelmingly accepted parents and family adults as their Facebook Friends and offered them equal access as that offered to peers. Facebook provided a space for college freshmen and parents to bond and express affections, although freshmen sometimes considered family adults as being overresponsive or overreactive to Facebook posts. The implications of “friending” parents on Facebook for college freshmen’s privacy negotiation, parent-child relationship, and identity development are discussed.
Vegetarian diet and cholesterol and TAG levels by gender

Abstract Objective The present study assessed the effects of vegetarian and omnivorous diets on HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), TAG and the ratio of HDL-C to total cholesterol (TC) by gender. Design HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG and HDL-C:TC were compared among three diet groups (vegan, ovo-lacto vegetarian and omnivorous). Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to examine factors significantly and independently associated with vegetarian status and to estimate the β value of lipid profiles for the diet groups. Settings A cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the Taiwanese Survey on the Prevalence of Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia and Hypertension (TwSHHH). Subjects The study comprised included 3257 men and 3551 women. Results After adjusting for confounders, vegan and ovo-lacto vegetarian diets lowered LDL-C levels (β=−10·98, P=0·005 and β=−7·12, P=0·025, respectively) in men compared with omnivorous diet. There was a significant association between HDL-C and vegan diet (β=−6·53, P=0·004). In females, the β values of HDL-C, TAG and HDL-C:TC were −5·72 (P<0·0001), 16·51 (P=0·011) and −0·02 (P=0·012) for vegan diet, and −4·86 (P=0·002), 15·09 (P=0·008) and −0·01 (P=0·026) for ovo-lacto vegetarian diet, when compared with omnivorous diet. Conclusions Vegan diet was associated with lower HDL-C concentrations in both males and females. Because the ovo-lacto vegetarian diet was effective in lowering LDL-C, it may be more appropriate for males.
Causes of retrograde flow in fish keratocytes

Confronting motile cells with obstacles doubling as force sensors we tested the limits of the driving actin and myosin machinery. We could directly measure the force necessary to stop actin polymerization as well as the force present in the retrograde actin flow. Combined with detailed measurements of the retrograde flow velocity and specific manipulation of actin and myosin we found that actin polymerization and myosin contractility are not enough to explain the cells behavior. We show that ever‐present depolymerization forces, a direct entropic consequence of actin filament recycling, are sufficient to fill this gap, even under heavy loads. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oral ferrous fumarate or intravenous iron sucrose for patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Objective. Iron therapy may reinforce intestinal inflammation by catalysing production of reactive oxygen species. The effects of oral ferrous fumarate and intravenous iron sucrose on clinical disease activity and plasma redox status were investigated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Material and methods. Nineteen patients with iron deficiency anaemia and Crohn's disease (11) or ulcerative colitis (8) were included in a crossover study. The patients were randomly assigned to start treatment with ferrous fumarate (Neo-fer®) 120 mg orally once daily or iron sucrose (Venofer®) 200 mg intravenously 3 times during a period of 14 days. Clinical disease activity assessment and blood and faecal analysis were performed on days 1 and 15.Results. Following oral ferrous fumarate clinical disease activity (p=0.037), general well-being score (i.e. patients felt worse) (p=0.027) and abdominal pain score (p=0.027) increased, while no changes were seen following iron sucrose treatment. C-reactive protein (CRP) and faecal calprotectin were unchanged after both treatments. As compared with iron sucrose, ferrous fumarate increased Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) scores of general well-being (p=0.049), whereas alterations in clinical disease activity (p=0.14) and abdominal pain score (p=0.20) did not differ. Ferrous fumarate did not significantly alter plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) or plasma antioxidants. Iron sucrose increased plasma MDA (p=0.004) and decreased plasma vitamin C (p=0.017) and betacarotene (p=0.008). Conclusions. Oral ferrous fumarate, but not intravenous iron sucrose, increased clinical disease activity in IBD patients. Intravenous iron sucrose increased intravascular oxidative stress.
Streaming VR for immersion: Quality aspects of compressed spatial audio

Delivering a 360-degree soundscape that matches full sphere visuals is an essential aspect of immersive VR. Ambisonics is a full sphere surround sound technique that takes into account the azimuth and elevation of sound sources, portraying source location above and below as well as around the horizontal plane of the listener. In contrast to channel-based methods, ambisonics representation offers the advantage of being independent of a specific loudspeaker set-up. Streaming ambisonics over networks requires efficient encoding techniques that compress the raw audio content without compromising quality of experience (QoE). This work investigates the effect of audio channel compression via the OPUS 1.2 codec on the quality of spatial audio as perceived by listeners. In particular we evaluate the listening quality and localization accuracy of first-order ambisonic audio (FOA) and third-order ambisonic audio (HOA) compressed at various bitrates (i.e. 32, 64, 128 and 128, 256, 512kbps respectively). To assess the impact of OPUS compression on spatial audio a number of subjective listening tests were carried out. The sample set for the tests comprises both recorded and synthetic audio clips with a wide range of time-frequency characteristics. In order to evaluate localization accuracy of compressed audio a number of fixed and dynamic (moving vertically and horizontally) source positions were selected for the test samples. The results show that for compressed spatial audio, perceived quality and localization accuracy are influenced more by compression scheme, bitrate and ambisonic order than by sample content. The insights provided by this work into factors and parameters influencing QoE will guide future development of a objective spatial audio quality metric.
ON OCCUPATIONAL CHOICE AND ATTAINMENT

In this paper, we examine how two psychoanalytic concepts-c-chargcter structure and defense mechanism-elucidate the issues of occupational choice and attainment. By character structure we mean an individual's general mode of functioning. By defense mechanism we mean ways of responding to anxiety. Both factors shape the behavioral expression of ideas and feelings and interact with occupational requirements. Using five styles of functioning-defined as personality disorders in DSM III-R-we discuss implications for career development. First, we argue that individuals with different character structures select into, and succeed in, occupations that reward their particular personality type. In this framework, mild levels of character disorders are turned into assets in certain work contexts. Second, we argue that mature-that is, "neurotic"-defenses enhance attainment in a wide range of occupations. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Volume 9, pages 181-214. Copyright © 1990 by JAI Press Inc. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
Subcostal Transverse Abdominis Plane Block for Acute Pain Management: A Review

The subcostal transverse abdominis plane (SCTAP) block is the deposition of local anesthetic in the transverse abdominis plane inferior and parallel to the costal margin. There is a growing consensus that the SCTAP block provides better analgesia for upper abdominal incisions than the traditional transverse abdominis plane block. In addition, when used as part of a four-quadrant transverse abdominis plane block, the SCTAP block may provide adequate analgesia for major abdominal surgery. The purpose of this review is to discuss the SCTAP block, including its indications, technique, local anesthetic solutions, and outcomes.
Simultaneous HPLC Assay of Paracetamol and Sulfapyridine as Markers for Estimating Gastrointestinal Transit of Amphotericin B-containing Nanoparticles in Rat Plasma

A simple and sensitive two-step reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated for determining amphotericin B, paracetamol and sulfapyridine in rat plasma using piroxicam as internal standard. This was subsequently employed in a pharmacokinetic study in rats following simultaneous oral administration of solid lipid nanoparticle formulations of amphotericin B, paracetamol and sulfasalazine. The paracetamol and sulfapyridine served as markers for estimating gastric emptying and cecal arrival times. A gradient elution was employed in the analysis and detection at 405 nm for amphotericin B and 254 nm for paracetamol and sulfapyridine. The internal standard was detectable at both wavelengths. The gastrointestinal study was conducted on male Sprague-Dawley rats. Calibration curves were linear for the three drugs (r 2 ≥ 0.9998) with the detection and quantification limits comparable with those in literature. Drug recovery from rat plasma was more than 92%. The accuracy of the method was < 8% for the three drugs whilst the precision was 10%. Paracetamol was rapidly absorbed from the small intestine reaching its C max in 1 hr while amphotericin B was absorbed slowly reaching peak levels in 8 hr. Sulfapyridine was absorbed only after a lag time of 2 hr due to delayed arrival and hydrolysis of sulfasalazine at the colon by azo-reductase bacteria. The HPLC method is rapid and applicable for the simultaneous estimation amphotericin B, paracetamol and sulfapyridine in rat plasma, which may serve for an indirect estimation of gastric emptying and orocecal transit properties of amphotericin B within dosage forms after oral administration.
A Study on the Children's Perception for Divorce.Remarriage and Resilience

The purpose of this research was to observe the children's perception for divorce remarriage and resilience according to their gender and school grades so that the relation between children's resilience and the perception for parents' divorce and remarriage could be established theoretically, practically and educationally. The subjects were 537 elementary school students who were in 4, 5, 6 grades, The data was collected by a self-administered socio-demographics and children's perceptions for divorce remarriage and resilience. The data from this research were analyzed by using SAS program. The results were as following: 1. The female students had the positive perceptions about divorce even if there was no statistical significant differences in the perception between male and female students, and the more optimistic ideas towards divorce also apply to the higher grade students rather than the lower grade ones. 2. The female students showed more positive perceptions for remarriage more than the male did. There was no statistical significant difference in the general idea about remarriage according to the school grades, but in terms of the absence of children and the financial status, the statistical significant differences existed. 3. The students' resilience was higher in the females rather than in the males and became lower with the grade. 4. There were no relations between divorce remarriage and children's resilience degrees. As mentioned above, the students' perceptions for divorce remarriage and resilience expressed differently according to genders and school grades. The result of this study can be used for the counseling and developing the programs for the families which experience divorce and remarriage.
Ballarrinae , a New Subfamily of Harvestmen from the Southern Hemisphere ( Arachnida , Opiliones , Neopilionidae )

The family Neopilionidae (superfamily Phalangioidea) is redescribed along with a redescription of the monotypic type genus Neopilio and the type species N. australis Lawrence. The subfamily Neopilioninae is redefined and contains only N. australis. A new subfamily, Ballarrinae, is erected for Vibone Kauri (southern Africa) and four new genera: Ballarra, Plesioballarra and Arrallaba (southern Australia), and Americovibone (southern South America). Nine new species are described: Ballarra drosera (type species), B. alpina, B. cantrelli, B. clancyi, B. molaris, and B. longipalpus; Plesioballarra crinis (type species by monotypy); Arrallaba spheniscus (type species by monotypy); and Americovibone lanfrancoae (type species by monotypy). The Ballarrinae have highly distinctive pedipalps, characterised by a very long patella, a reflexed tibia and an arcuate tarsus with reduced claw. Australian Ballarrinae possess a distinctive penis carrying a left ventrolateral barbed process and an ovipositor with four spermathecae, rather than two which is the condition in other Ballarrinae and most Phalangioidea. Cladistic analysis is used to explore relationships among Southern Hemisphere non-entapophysate taxa, namely Neopilioninae, Ballarrinae, Megalopsalididae and Enantiobuninae, and their relationship with entapophysate Phalangioidea. Alternate hypotheses concerning relationships are discussed. The significance of characters including pedipalp morphology, distribution of plumose setae and abdominal spiracle structure is also discussed.The Neopilionidae sensu Silhavy (1970) is a paraphyletic group. The Neopilionidae, as defined in this paper, may also prove not to be a monophyletic taxon. Male specimens of Vibone vetusta should help to resolve this question. HUNT, G.S. & I.C. COKENDOLPHER, 1991. Ballarrinae, a new subfamily of harvestmen from the Southern Hemisphere (Arachnida, Opiliones, Neopilionidae). Records of the Australian Museum 43(2):
Interpersonal Mechanisms Linking Close Relationships to Health

Close relationships play a vital role in human health, but much remains to be learned about specific mechanisms of action and potential avenues for intervention. This article provides an evaluation of research on close relationships processes relevant to health, drawing on themes from major relationship science theories to present a broad conceptual framework for understanding the interpersonal processes and intrapersonal pathways linking relationships to health and disease outcomes. The analysis reveals that both social connection and social disconnection broadly shape biological responses and behaviors that are consequential for health. Furthermore, emerging work offers insights into the types of social dynamics that are most consequential for health, and the potential pathways through which they operate. Following from this analysis, the authors suggest several research priorities to facilitate the translation of discoveries from relationship science into relationship-based interventions and public health initiatives. These priorities include developing finer grained theoretical models to guide research, the systematic investigation of potential mediating pathways such as dyadic influences on health behavior and physiological coregulation, and taking into account individual differences and contextual factors such as attachment style, gender, socioeconomic status, and culture. In addition, a pressing need exists for laboratory and field research to determine which types of interventions are both practical and effective.