Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential Response in Downstream Processing of CHO Cells Grown Under Mild Hypothermic Conditions

The manufacture of complex therapeutic proteins using mammalian cells is well established, with several strategies developed to improve productivity. The application of sustained mild hypothermic conditions during culture has been associated with increases in product titer and improved product quality. However, despite associated cell physiological effects, very few studies have investigated the impact on downstream processing (DSP). Characterization of cells grown under mild hypothermic conditions demonstrated that the stationary phase was prolonged by delaying the onset of apoptosis. This enabled cells to maintain viability for extended periods and increase volumetric productivity from 0.74 to 1.02 g L−1. However, host cell proteins, measured by ELISA, increased by ∼50%, attributed to the extended time course and higher peak and harvest cell densities. The individual components making up this impurity, as determined by SELDI‐TOF MS and 2D‐PAGE, were shown to be largely comparable. Under mild hypothermic conditions, cells were less shear sensitive than those maintained at 37°C, enhancing the preliminary primary recovery step. Adaptive changes in membrane fluidity were further investigated by adopting a pronounced temperature shift immediately prior to primary recovery and the improvement observed suggests that such a strategy may be implementable when shear sensitivity is of concern. Early and late apoptotic cells were particularly susceptible to shear, at either temperature, even under the lowest shear rate investigated. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering the impact of cell culture strategies and cell physiology on DSP, by implementing a range of experimental methods for process characterization. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 29:688–696, 2013
On the Effects of Joint Bidding in Independent Private Value Auctions: An Experimental Study

This article explores the effect of a subset of symmetric bidders joining to bid together. Possible applications include mergers, collusion and joint-bidding arrangements. The change produces a “strong” party with a more advantageous value distribution than the remaining “weak” bidder(s). The predicted effects include inefficiency, a decrease in the sellerʼs revenue, and higher biddersʼ payoffs. Under risk neutrality, the members of the strong party benefit less than the weak bidders. The prediction is reversed when the bidders are sufficiently risk-averse. These hypotheses are tested experimentally. Contrary to the theory, joint bidding increases efficiency and the sellerʼs revenue decreases by less than expected. Strong bidders benefit more than weak bidders indicating that incentives to bid jointly may be greater than hypothesized. Additionally, the experiment assesses the effect of group decision-making. A Nash equilibrium prediction for individual–group differences based on differences in risk attitudes is not supported by the data.
The Effect of Web‐Based Braden Scale Training on the Reliability of Braden Subscale Ratings

PURPOSE The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Web-based Braden Scale training on the reliability of Braden Scale subscale ratings made by nurses working in acute care hospitals. A secondary purpose was to describe the distribution of reliable Braden subscale ratings before and after Web-based Braden Scale training. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from a recently completed quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest, interrater reliability study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING A convenience sample of RNs working at 3 Michigan medical centers voluntarily participated in the study. RN participants included nurses who used the Braden Scale regularly at their place of employment (“regular users”) as well as nurses who did not use the Braden Scale at their place of employment (“new users”). METHODS Using a pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental design, pretest interrater reliability data were collected to identify the percentage of nurses making reliable Braden subscale assessments. Nurses then completed a Web-based Braden Scale training module after which posttest interrater reliability data were collected. The reliability of nurses' Braden subscale ratings was determined by examining the level of agreement/disagreement between ratings made by an RN and an “expert” rating the same patient. In total, 381 RN-to-expert dyads were available for analysis. RESULTS During both the pretest and posttest periods, the percentage of reliable subscale ratings was highest for the activity subscale, lowest for the moisture subscale, and second lowest for the nutrition subscale. With Web-based Braden Scale training, the percentage of reliable Braden subscale ratings made by new users increased for all 6 subscales with statistically significant improvements in the percentage of reliable assessments made on 3 subscales: sensory-perception, moisture, and mobility. Training had virtually no effect on the percentage of reliable subscale ratings made by regular users of the Braden Scale. CONCLUSION With Web-based Braden Scale training the percentage of nurses making reliable ratings increased for all 6 subscales, but this was true for new users only. Additional research is needed to identify educational approaches that effectively improve and sustain the reliability of subscale ratings among regular users of the Braden Scale. Moreover, special attention needs to be given to ensuring that all nurses working with the Braden Scale have a clear understanding of the intended meanings and correct approaches to rating moisture and nutrition subscales.
Online Energy-Efficient Packet Scheduling for a Common Deadline With and Without Energy Harvesting

The problem of online packet scheduling to minimize the required conventional grid energy for transmitting a fixed number of packets given a common deadline is considered. The total number of packets arriving within the deadline is known, but the packet arrival times are unknown, and can be arbitrary. The proposed algorithm tries to finish the transmission of each packet assuming that all future packets are going to arrive at equal time intervals within the left-over time. The proposed online algorithm is shown to have competitive ratio that is logarithmic in the number of packet arrivals. The hybrid energy paradigm is also considered, where in addition to grid energy, energy is also available via extraction from renewable sources. The objective here is to minimize the grid energy use. A suitably modified version of the previous algorithm is also shown to have competitive ratio that is logarithmic in the number of packet arrivals.
Alexander's law during high-acceleration head rotations in humans

Alexander's law states that the amplitude of the spontaneous nystagmus grows with increasing gaze in the direction of the fast phase. Using the search-coil method we employed head impulses at various eye-in-orbit azimuth angles to test (i) whether the normal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in the behaviorally relevant high-frequency range has intrinsic properties that could account for Alexander's law and (ii) whether such properties can also be shown in patients with unilateral vestibulopathy. We showed that the gain of the VOR remained unaffected by eye-in-orbit position in contols and in patients, both on ipsilesional and contralesional stimuli. These findings suggest that eye-in-orbit position does not directly modulate the activity in VOR pathways, neither during unbalanced but reciprocal (in controls), nor during unbalanced and nonreciprocal natural vestibular stimulation (in patients).
Factors associated with success in searching MEDLINE and applying evidence to answer clinical questions.

OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess the ability of medical and nurse practitioner students to use MEDLINE to obtain evidence for answering clinical questions and to identify factors associated with the successful answering of questions. METHODS A convenience sample of medical and nurse practitioner students was recruited. After completing instruments measuring demographic variables, computer and searching attitudes and experience, and cognitive traits, the subjects were given a brief orientation to MEDLINE searching and the techniques of evidence-based medicine. The subjects were then given 5 questions (from a pool of 20) to answer in two sessions using the Ovid MEDLINE system and the Oregon Health & Science University library collection. Each question was answered using three possible responses that reflected the quality of the evidence. All actions capable of being logged by the Ovid system were captured. Statistical analysis was performed using a model based on generalized estimating equations. The relevance-based measures of recall and precision were measured by defining end queries and having relevance judgments made by physicians who were not associated with the study. RESULTS Forty-five medical and 21 nurse practitioner students provided usable answers to 324 questions. The rate of correctness increased from 32.3 to 51.6 percent for medical students and from 31.7 to 34.7 percent for nurse practitioner students. Ability to answer questions correctly was most strongly associated with correctness of the answer before searching, user experience with MEDLINE features, the evidence-based medicine question type, and the spatial visualization score. The spatial visualization score showed multi-colinearity with student type (medical vs. nurse practitioner). Medical and nurse practitioner students obtained comparable recall and precision, neither of which was associated with correctness of the answer. CONCLUSIONS Medical and nurse practitioner students in this study were at best moderately successful at answering clinical questions correctly with the assistance of literature searching. The results confirm the importance of evaluating both search ability and the ability to use the resulting information to accomplish a clinical task.
COMPARISON OF THE WINGATE AND BOSCO ANAEROBIC TESTS

The purpose of this study was to compare the Wingate cycling and Bosco repeated jumps anaerobic tests. Eleven men (21.36 ± 1.6 years; 179.1 ± 9.3 cm; 78.7 ± 11.0 kg) and 9 women (21.89 ± 3.66 years; 171.8 ± 10.0 cm; 75.9 ± 21.4 kg), all university athletes, volunteered to participate. Subjects performed each test in random order. The tests consisted of a 30-second Wingate test and a 60-second Bosco test. The Wingate test was conducted using a Monark cycle ergometer and the Bosco test was conducted on a force platform. Following the performance of each test, peak lactate concentrations were determined. Average and peak power values were statistically greater in men and on the Bosco test. Peak lactate values were statistically greater in men but did not differ based on test. Correlations between peak lactate concentrations between tests and lactate values with peak or average power were not statistically significant. The relationship between peak power between tests was statistically significant among men, but not women. The results of the study indicated that the Bosco and Wingate tests, which both measure anaerobic characteristics, appear to measure different aspects of anaerobic power and capacity. The Bosco test also may be inappropriate for athletes who are not well trained in jumping.
Enhancing Learner Autonomy Abilities in Writing via WAPF

The aim for this study is to explore the types of web-based asynchronous peer feedback in enhancing the development of learner autonomy in writing. Ten respondents are involved in this interpretive qualitative study. They are from public universities. The data are collected from interviews, journal entries, essay drafts and feedback transcripts. All data are consistently compared and contrasted to yield an exhaustive analysis. The data are analyzed using thematic analysis and interpreted accordingly. The findings disclose that there are three types of WAPF delivered by the peers. They are Social, Affective and Cognitive WAPF. There are nine subcategories of Social WAPF at personal level, eight sub-categories of Affective WAPF at personal and text levels, and four sub-categories for Cognitive WAPF at text level. It is clear that the respondents in this study are able to develop their autonomy abilities in writing through the WAPF. Ultimately, the respondents are able to reflect, decide and revise better in their writing.
Ef ® cacy of chromium-yeast supplementation for growing beef steers

This experiment was conducted to determine the ef®cacy of feeding chromium yeast to growing beef steers. Animal growth, gain ef®ciency, and blood glucose kinetics were determined in 24 beef steers (initial body weight253 4 kg) fed a corn silage-based diet supplemented with 0 (control), 100, 200, or 400 mg chromium from high-chromium yeast/kg of diet dry matter. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) and intravenous insulin challenge tests (IVICT) were conducted at 3 and 6 weeks of chromium-yeast supplementation. There were minimal effects on plasma glucose kinetics during IVGTT and IVICT. There were tendencies for glucose clearance rate to increase (p0.16) and half-life to decrease (p0.14) during IVICT. However, chromium-yeast supplementation had no effect (p>0.24) on ADG and gain ef®ciency, suggesting that chromium-yeast supplementation to unstressed growing calves may not be bene®cial. # 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Immunostaining Detection of Cytomegalovirus in Gastrointestinal Biopsies: Clinicopathological Correlation at a Large Academic Health System

Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can be asymptomatic in healthy individuals but may cause serious complications in immunocompromised patients. We investigated the clinicopathological correlation of CMV in gastrointestinal (GI) biopsies at our institute between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2015. Methods A total of 105 non-neoplastic GI biopsies tested positive for CMV by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The IHC results were stratified as “true positive” if > 2 cells stained, or “rare positive” if only 1 - 2 cells stained. Clinical information including comorbidities, serum CMV viral loads, and treatment was reviewed and correlated. Results Overall 1% of all GI biopsies were positive for CMV by immunostaining. The most frequently involved organ was colon, followed by esophagus, stomach, ileum and duodenum. When > 2 cells were stained positive, serum CMV viral loads were positive in 52.2%, negative in 17.2%, and not tested in 27.6% of cases. When only 1 - 2 cells stained positive, CMV viral loads were positive in 23.4%, negative in 25.5%, and not tested in 51.1% of cases. We further showed that clinical management of CMV differs based on both pathological findings and underlying diseases. Conclusions The role of CMV in GI biopsies remains controversial. We propose an algorithm of performing CMV immunostaining based on clinicopathological correlation.
Análisis de las relaciones entre la motivación, el clima motivacional y la ansiedad competitiva en jóvenes jugadores de equipo mediante una red Bayesiana

The objective of this study is to find out the level of relations between self-determination, the goal orientation and the perceived motivational climate in young team players, and their impact on the somatic and cognitive components of the competitive anxiety, and the acceptance of use of cheating and gamemanship in sports. We adminstered the PMCSQ-2, TEOSQ, BRSQ, CDED and SAS-2 to a population of 270 soccer, handball and basketball players (M = 14.67 , SD = 1.53). Probabilistic relations of dependence and independence among the variables were established using a Bayesian network (BN) implemented with Netic and Tetrad IV. Subsequently, we instantiated hypothetical probability values ​​in the dependent variables of the BN to analyze the impact and change on the probabilities of the independent variables. Results showed that the causal impact of the self-determined motivation on the competitive anxiety is quite different from the achievement motivation; and also demonstrated a controversial relationship between the perceived motivational climates and the players' goal orientations (task and ego). The marginal causal role of the somatic anxiety, and the instrumental role of the acceptation of the use of cheating were also confirmed. Results also confirmed the validation of the BN for this study.
Replication of murine coronavirus defective interfering RNA from negative-strand transcripts

The positive-strand defective interfering (DI) RNA of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), when introduced into MHV-infected cells, results in DI RNA replication and accumulation. We studied whether the introduction of negative-strand transcripts of MHV DI RNA would also result in replication. At a location downstream of the T7 promoter and upstream of the human hepatitis delta virus ribozyme domain, we inserted a complete cDNA clone of MHV DI RNA in reverse orientation; in vitro-synthesized RNA from this plasmid yielded a negative-strand RNA copy of the MHV DI RNA. When the negative-strand transcripts of the DI RNA were expressed in MHV-infected cells by a vaccinia virus T7 expression system, positive-strand DI RNAs accumulated in the plasmid-transfected cells. DI RNA replication depended on the expression of T7 polymerase and on the presence of the T7 promoter. Transfection of in vitro-synthesized negative-strand transcripts into MHV-infected cells and serial passage of virus samples from RNA-transfected cells also resulted in accumulation of the DI RNA. Positive-strand DI RNA transcripts were undetectable in sample preparations of the in vitro-synthesized negative-strand DI RNA transcripts, and DI RNA did not accumulate after cotransfection of a small amount of positive-strand DI RNA and truncated-replication-disabled negative-strand transcripts; clearly, the DI RNA replicated from the transfected negative-strand transcripts and not from minute amounts of positive-strand DI RNAs that might be envisioned as artifacts of T7 transcription. Sequence analysis of positive-strand DI RNAs in the cells transfected with negative-strand transcripts showed that DI RNAs maintained the DI-specific unique sequences introduced within the leader sequence. These data indicated that positive-strand DI RNA synthesis occurred from introduced negative-strand transcripts in the MHV-infected cells; this demonstration, using MHV, of DI RNA replication from transfected negative-strand DI RNA transcripts is the first such demonstration among all positive-stranded RNA viruses.
Regional and social variations in disability-free life expectancy in Great Britain

This paper reports findings about inequalities in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE)in Great Britain in the 1980's, comparing social groups defined in terms of social class and area of residence. Previous research has shown that there exist considerable inequalities both in expectation of life and in healthiness. Calculations in this paper show that the combined effect of these is that variations in disability free life expectancy follow a similar pattern to variations in expectation of life, but the differences are more exaggerated. The result is to give four or more years extra healthy life to people living in the south-east of England compared with the north, and as much as nine years more healthy life to men in the top as compared with the bottom social classes.
An Improved Line-Reflect-Reflect-Match Calibration With an Enhanced Load Model

An improved line-reflect-reflect-match calibration with an enhanced load model is proposed. Different from load models used by existing LRRM algorithms, the load model used in the proposed algorithm takes into account both the parasitic capacitance and inductance. Using the same calibration standards as the classical LRRM and the enhanced LRRM, the proposed algorithm can accurately determine the load parasitics from raw measurements. Measurement results from 0.5 GHz to 110 GHz on a commercial impedance standards substrate show that the proposed LRRM outperforms the classical LRRM and the enhanced LRRM, and gives multiline TRL quality on-wafer calibrations.
Characteristics of Visual Categorization of Long-Concatenated and Object-Directed Human Actions by a Multiple Spatio-Temporal Scales Recurrent Neural Network Model

The current paper proposes a novel dynamic neural network model, multiple spatio-temporal scales recurrent neural network (MSTRNN) used for categorization of complex human action pattern in video image. The MSTRNN has been developed by newly introducing recurrent connectivity to a prior-proposed model, multiple spatio-temporal scales neural network (MSTNN) [1] such that the model can learn to extract latent spatio-temporal structures more effectively by developing adequate recurrent contextual dynamics. The MSTRNN was evaluated by conducting a set of simulation experiments on learning to categorize human action visual patterns. The first experiment on categorizing a set of long-concatenated human movement patterns showed that MSTRNN outperforms MSTNN in the capability of learning to extract long-ranged correlation in video image. The second experiment on categorizing a set of object-directed actions showed that the MSTRNN can learn to extract structural relationship between actions and directed-objects. Our analysis on the characteristics of miscategorization in both cases of object-directed action and pantomime actions indicated that the model network developed the categorical memories by organizing relational structure among them. Development of such relational structure is considered to be beneficial for gaining generalization in categorization.
Experimental Warming Decreases the Average Size and Nucleic Acid Content of Marine Bacterial Communities

Organism size reduction with increasing temperature has been suggested as a universal response to global warming. Since genome size is usually correlated to cell size, reduction of genome size in unicells could be a parallel outcome of warming at ecological and evolutionary time scales. In this study, the short-term response of cell size and nucleic acid content of coastal marine prokaryotic communities to temperature was studied over a full annual cycle at a NE Atlantic temperate site. We used flow cytometry and experimental warming incubations, spanning a 6°C range, to analyze the hypothesized reduction with temperature in the size of the widespread flow cytometric bacterial groups of high and low nucleic acid content (HNA and LNA bacteria, respectively). Our results showed decreases in size in response to experimental warming, which were more marked in 0.8 μm pre-filtered treatment rather than in the whole community treatment, thus excluding the role of protistan grazers in our findings. Interestingly, a significant effect of temperature on reducing the average nucleic acid content (NAC) of prokaryotic cells in the communities was also observed. Cell size and nucleic acid decrease with temperature were correlated, showing a common mean decrease of 0.4% per °C. The usually larger HNA bacteria consistently showed a greater reduction in cell and NAC compared with their LNA counterparts, especially during the spring phytoplankton bloom period associated to maximum bacterial growth rates in response to nutrient availability. Our results show that the already smallest planktonic microbes, yet with key roles in global biogeochemical cycling, are likely undergoing important structural shrinkage in response to rising temperatures.