Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Learning and Motivation Strategies Training on College Studentsi Achievement

Cognitive and metacognitive strategies, often referred to as "study skills," are considered essential to being successful in college. Their importance is underscored by the fact that academic tasks at the college level tend to demand far more higher-level thinking and independent learning than those encountered in secondary school (Carson, Chase, Gibson, & Hargove, 1992). Instruction in these strategies is currently the subject of much interest and research in education. An example of a general approach to teaching learning strategies, labeled "learning-to-learn," has its basis in informational and generative models of learning, and its emphasis on self-regulated and strategic learning (Simpson, Hynd, Nist, & Burrell, 1997).
On-line determination of the deuterium abundance in breath water vapour by flowing afterglow mass spectrometry with applications to measurements of total body water.

We have developed a new method for the on-line quantification of deuterium in water vapour. We call this method flowing afterglow mass spectrometry (FA-MS). A swarm of H3O+ precursor ions is created in flowing helium carrier gas by a microwave discharge. These precursor ions react with the H2O, HDO, H2(17)O and H2(18)O molecules in a water vapour sample that is introduced into the carrier gas/H3O+ ion swarm. The hydrated ions, H3O+. (H2O)3 at m/z 73, and their isotopic variant ions H8DO4(+) and H9(17)OO(3)(+) at m/z 74 and H9(18)OO(3)(+) at m/z 75, are thus formed. By adopting the known fractional abundance of 18O in water vapour, and accounting for the contribution of the isotopic ions H9(17)OO(3)(+) to the ion signal at m/z 74, a measurement of the 74/75 ion signal ratio under equilibrium conditions provides the fractional deuterium abundance in the water vapour sample. Using this technique, the deuterium abundance in the water vapour present in single exhalations of breath can be determined. Thus, from the temporal variations of breath deuterium following the ingestion of a known quantity of D(2)O, we show that total body water can be determined non-invasively and the kinetics of water flow around the body can be tracked.
Herpes zoster incidence in a multicenter cohort of solid organ transplant recipients

S.A. Pergam, C.W. Forsberg, M.J. Boeckh, C. Maynard, A.P. Limaye, A. Wald, N.L. Smith, B.A. Young. Herpes zoster incidence in a multicenter cohort of solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 15–23. All rights reserved
Accuracy of conventional identification methods used for Enterobacteriaceae isolates in three Nigerian hospitals

Background Enterobacteriaceae are ubiquitously present in nature and can be found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals as commensal flora. Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are increasingly reported and are a threat to public health implicating a need for accurate identification of the isolates to species level. In developing countries, identification of bacteria basically depends on conventional methods: culture and phenotypic methods that hamper the accurate identification of bacteria. In this study, matrix-assisted desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique was compared to conventional identification techniques. Materials and Methods In total, 147 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from March to May 2015 from three medical microbiology laboratories of hospitals in Edo state, Nigeria, after being tested according to the individual laboratories standard operating procedures. All isolates were stored at −20°C until tested centrally by MALDI-TOF MS. Results One hundred and forty five (98.6%) isolates had a MALDI Biotyper best score > or =2.0, indicating a secure genus and probable species identification; and 2(1.36%) isolates had a best score <2.0 indicating probable genus identification. Isolates with best scores of > or =2.0 comprised nine genera and 10 species, respectively. A total of 57.2% and 33.1% of isolates identified had agreement between MALDI-TOF MS and conventional techniques for identification at genus and species level, respectively, when analyzing bacteria with MALDI Biotyper best scores > or =2.0. Conclusion The results of our study show that the applied conventional identification techniques for Enterobacteriaceae in the investigated Nigerian hospitals are not very accurate. Use of state-of-the-art identification technologies for microorganisms is necessary to guarantee comparability of bacteriological results.
Observations of the Interstellar Medium in the Magellanic Bridge

We present ultraviolet and optical spectra of DI 1388, a young star in the Magellanic Bridge, a region of gas between the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds. The data have signal-to-noise ratios of 20-45 and a spectral resolution of 6.5 km s-1. Interstellar absorption by the Magellanic Bridge at vLSR ≈ 200 km s-1 is visible in the lines of C I, C II, C II*, C IV, N I, O I, Al II, Si II, Si III, Si IV, S II, Ca II, Fe II, and Ni II. The relative gas-phase abundances of C II, N I, O I, Al II, Si II, Fe II, and Ni II with respect to S II are similar to those found in Galactic halo clouds, despite a significantly lower metallicity in the Magellanic Bridge. The higher ionization species in the cloud have a column density ratio N(C+3)/N(Si+3) ~ 1.9, similar to that inferred for collisionally ionized Galactic cloud interfaces at temperatures ~105 K. We identify substructure in the stronger interstellar lines, with a broad component (FWHM ~ 20 km s-1) at ~179 km s-1 and a sharp component (FWHM ~ 11 km s-1) at 198 km s-1. The abundance analysis for these clouds indicates that the feature at 198 km s-1 consists of a low electron density, mainly neutral gas that may be associated with an interface responsible for the highly ionized gas. The 179 km s-1 cloud consists of warmer, lower density gas that is partially ionized.
EVALUATION OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTIVITY UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF TRIBAL HABITATIONS

The main goal of the study is rehabilitation and improving the productivity of land owned by tribals and other forest dependents of Hosur forest division into a productive agro system by improving the economic profitability of the people. In these areas, crop production is ventured, which is subjected to high degree of uncertainty in terms of productivity. It is imperative to evolve a suitable strategy for augmenting the productivity of such soils. Vegetable crops provide an important source of income for all the small and marginal farmers of our country. Besides, these crops form an important source of minerals, vitamins and fibre in the largely vegetarian diet of our people. At present the vegetable crops occupy an area of 6.47 million hectares constituting little over 3.5 per cent of total cropped area of the country with a total production of 80 million tonnes (Anon, 2002). Although India is the second largest producer of vegetables and other crops, the productivity is very low and there is a greater need to enhance per hectare productivity gradually to boost the production. Studies were carried out at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore and Kottayam village of Denganikottai range of Hosur Forest Division, Krishnagiri to elucidate information on seed quality enhancement techniques for successful establishment and improving the productivity of bhendi cv. Arka Anamica, tomato cv. PKM 1, chilli cv. K2 and cluster bean cv. Pusa Navbhar under rainfed condition of tribal habitations. In all the vegetables studied, seeds hardened with KH2PO4 @ 0.5 % recorded positive results in respect of field emergence, plant height, early flowering, and maximum fruit weight and fruit yield under field condition. Same results were obtained from laboratory and pot culture studies.
Understanding Bohr-Mandel Bugs through ODC Triggers and a Case Study with Empirical Estimations of Their Field Proportion

This paper uses ODC Triggers as a means to estimate the Bohr-Mandel bug proportions from a software product in production. Specifically, the contributions are: A conceptual articulation of how ODC Triggers can differentiate between Bohr and Mandel bugsA grouping of triggers to estimate the proportion of Bohr-Mandel bugs in the field. A case study that estimates Mandelbug proportions to range ~20%-40% which is comparable to the JPL-NASA empirical study. A measure of the distribution of Mandelbugs across components, impact groups and time.Creates a discussion, and raises questions in greater depth on the Bohr-Mandel definitions, implications, features and manifestations.
Temperature profile for glacial ice at the South Pole: Implications for life in a nearby subglacial lake

Airborne radar has detected ≈100 lakes under the Antarctic ice cap, the largest of which is Lake Vostok. International planning is underway to search in Lake Vostok for microbial life that may have evolved in isolation from surface life for millions of years. It is thought, however, that the lakes may be hydraulically interconnected. If so, unsterile drilling would contaminate not just one but many of them. Here we report measurements of temperature vs. depth down to 2,345 m in ice at the South Pole, within 10 km from a subglacial lake seen by airborne radar profiling. We infer a temperature at the 2,810-m deep base of the South Pole ice and at the lake of −9°C, which is 7°C below the pressure-induced melting temperature of freshwater ice. To produce the strong radar signal, the frozen lake must consist of a mix of sediment and ice in a flat bed, formed before permanent Antarctic glaciation. It may, like Siberian and Antarctic permafrost, be rich in microbial life. Because of its hydraulic isolation, proximity to South Pole Station infrastructure, and analog to a Martian polar cap, it is an ideal place to test a sterile drill before risking contamination of Lake Vostok. From the semiempirical expression for strain rate vs. shear stress, we estimate shear vs. depth and show that the IceCube neutrino observatory will be able to map the three-dimensional ice-flow field within a larger volume (0.5 km3) and at lower temperatures (−20°C to −35°C) than has heretofore been possible.
Dendritic Cell Dysfunction in Patients with End-stage Renal Disease

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) with immune disorder involves complex interactions between the innate and adaptive immune responses. ESRD is associated with various alterations in immune function such as a reduction in polymorphonuclear leukocyte bactericidal activity, a suppression of lymphocyte proliferative response to stimuli, and a malfunction of cell-mediated immunity at the molecular level. ESRD also increases patients' propensity for infections and malignancies as well as causing a diminished response to vaccination. Several factors influence the immunodeficiency in patients with ESRD, including uremic toxins, malnutrition, chronic inflammation, and the therapeutic dialysis modality. The alteration of T-cell function in ESRD has been considered to be a major factor underlying the impaired adaptive cellular immunity in these patients. However, cumulative evidence has suggested that the immune defect in ESRD can be caused by an Ag-presenting dendritic cell (DC) dysfunction in addition to a T-cell defect. It has been reported that ESRD has a deleterious effect on DCs both in terms of their number and function, although the precise mechanism by which DC function becomes altered in these patients is unclear. In this review, we discuss the effects of ESRD on the number and function of DCs and propose a possible molecular mechanism for DC dysfunction. We also address therapeutic approaches to improve immune function by optimally activating DCs in patients with ESRD.
Conventional Muscle-Reflection Approach versus Mini-Incision Muscle-Splitting Approach in Dynamic Hip Screw Fixation

Purpose. To compare the short-term results of conventional versus mini-incision approaches to dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation. Methods. 41 geriatric patients with either basal femoral neck or intertrochanteric fractures (Kyle types I to III) who underwent closed reduction and DHS fixation by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. From January 2001 to June 2005, 6 men and 19 women aged 60 to 94 (median, 83) years underwent DHS fixation through a conventional muscle-reflection approach with a skin incision of ≥10 cm. From July 2005 to March 2006, 9 men and 7 women aged 67 to 95 (median, 81) years underwent DHS fixation through a mini-incision (4 cm) approach at the lower border of the lesser trochanter. Operating time, drain output and duration of drain placement, decrease in haemoglobin level and receipt of blood transfusions, deterioration in ambulation status, analgesic intake, duration of hospital stay, and bone healing time for the 2 groups were compared. An independent observer retrospectively assessed the fracture pattern, reduction quality, and bone healing time. Results. Compared to patients in the conventional group, those in the mini-incision group had shorter operating times (50 vs 43 minutes, p=0.02), a higher proportion whose drain was removed within 24 hours (28% vs 69%, p=0.01), and consumed fewer dosages of oral analgesics within 48 hours (8 vs 5, p=0.001). Classification of the fracture pattern in 21 of 38 patients were consistent between the surgeon and observer. The Kappa value for agreement was 0.32, denoting marginal agreement (p=0.003). Reduction quality (p=0.66) and bone healing time (p=0.73) assessed by the observer were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusion. The short-term clinical outcome of mini-incision DHS fixation for geriatric pertrochanteric fractures was favourable.
A Phenomenology of Globalization? Giddens on Global Modernity

Anthony Giddens's account of social modernity gives prominence to the process of globalization. This article examines one specific aspect of Giddens's discussion of global modernity: his claim that `although everyone lives a local life, phenomenal worlds for the most part are truly global'. This idea is explored in three directions: in the context of Giddens's general theory of time-space distanciation; in relation to his discussion of the mediation of experience characteristic of modernity; and finally in relation to the `unifying' potential of the globalization process.
Reflections on retirement

This article describes the process of retirement as I have lived through it in the last 12 months; from the time I made the decision to stop counselling to the last session. Part of engaging in any activity or any relationship is to have knowledge from the outset of its end and of the layers of loss that will one day come. We are accustomed to the idea that every loss is also a reliving of earlier losses. And so it has proved for me, as I have gone through the process of letting go of the role, the identity, the rewards and the relationships that arose from my career as a counsellor. There has been a parallel process for my clients as they have experienced the loss of their mother/father/counsellor and wrestled, each in their own idiosyncratic way, with the echo of earlier primal losses. I have watched the tears, the terror, the numb denial of feeling of the client/child faced with the loss of parent and felt the complementary ache at the thought of never seeing that child again. I have both observed and felt the intensely ambivalent, adolescent anticipation of independence and freedom from this parent–child relationship. There have been many sessions which have been a struggle to understand what it means to confront the reality of the non-omnipotent, not-omniscient, flawed, and sometimes vulnerable counsellor who can decide to leave you – a person ‘just like you’. Sometimes these sessions have had a sober quality of stepping back through the looking glass out of a phantasy into ordinariness and into an everyday reality, which has seemed truly developmental. At other times, my impending retirement has felt like a death – even a suicide or a murder. And indeed, as with the truly dying, I have had to contemplate the lives of my clients continuing and flourishing without me. It has proved surprisingly difficult for me to allow that I have nonetheless been part of a maturing and healing experience for some at least, that will remain a part of certain lives. There has been fear and pain as well as growth and freedom in living through all these experiences. And since it is only human to pull out familiar and well tried defences to deal with pain – so it was for my clients and for myself.
Treatment of CoQ10 Deficient Fibroblasts with Ubiquinone, CoQ Analogs, and Vitamin C: Time- and Compound-Dependent Effects

Background Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and its analogs are used therapeutically by virtue of their functions as electron carriers, antioxidant compounds, or both. However, published studies suggest that different ubiquinone analogs may produce divergent effects on oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress. Methodology/Principal Findings To test these concepts, we have evaluated the effects of CoQ10, coenzyme Q2 (CoQ2), idebenone, and vitamin C on bioenergetics and oxidative stress in human skin fibroblasts with primary CoQ10 deficiency. A final concentration of 5 µM of each compound was chosen to approximate the plasma concentration of CoQ10 of patients treated with oral ubiquinone. CoQ10 supplementation for one week but not for 24 hours doubled ATP levels and ATP/ADP ratio in CoQ10 deficient fibroblasts therein normalizing the bioenergetics status of the cells. Other compounds did not affect cellular bioenergetics. In COQ2 mutant fibroblasts, increased superoxide anion production and oxidative stress-induced cell death were normalized by all supplements. Conclusions/Significance These results indicate that: 1) pharmacokinetics of CoQ10 in reaching the mitochondrial respiratory chain is delayed; 2) short-tail ubiquinone analogs cannot replace CoQ10 in the mitochondrial respiratory chain under conditions of CoQ10 deficiency; and 3) oxidative stress and cell death can be counteracted by administration of lipophilic or hydrophilic antioxidants. The results of our in vitro experiments suggest that primary CoQ10 deficiencies should be treated with CoQ10 supplementation but not with short-tail ubiquinone analogs, such as idebenone or CoQ2. Complementary administration of antioxidants with high bioavailability should be considered if oxidative stress is present.
Relationships Between Anaerobic Performance, Field Tests and Game Performance of Sitting Volleyball Players

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate relationships between anaerobic performance, field tests, game performance and anthropometric variables of sitting volleyball players. Twenty elite Polish sitting volleyball players were tested using the 30 s Wingate Anaerobic Test for arm crank ergometer and participated in six physical field tests. Heights in position to block and to spike, as well as arm reach were measured. Players were observed during the game on the court in terms of effectiveness of the serve, block, attack, receive and defense. Pearson analysis and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used. The strongest correlations were found between the chest pass test and mean power and peak power (r=.846; p=.001 and r=.708; p=.0005, respectively), and also between the T-test and peak power (r= −.718; p=.001). Mean power correlated with the 3 m test (r= −.540; p=.014), the 5 m test (r= −.592; p=.006), and the T-test (r= −.582; p=.007). Peak power correlated with the 3 m test (r= −.632; p=.003), the 5 m test (r= −.613; p=.004), speed & agility (r= −.552; p=.012) and speed & endurance (r=−.546; p=.013). Significant correlations were observed between anthropometric parameters and anaerobic performance variables (p≤.001), and also between anthropometric parameters and field tests (p≤.05). Game performance and physical fitness of sitting volleyball players depended on their anthropometric variables: reach of arms, the position to block and to spike. The chest pass test could be used as a non-laboratory field test of anaerobic performance of sitting volleyball players.
The Association between Vitamin D Levels and Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Aim: We aimed to examine whether there is any association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] and urinary tract infection (UTI) among children. Methods: White blood cell count, serum C-reactive protein, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathormone, and serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured in 82 children experiencing a ﬁrst episode of UTI, with no risk factors for UTI, and 64 healthy control children. Results: The mean serum levels of 25(OH)D3 among children with UTI were significantly lower than those of controls (11.7 ± 3.3 vs. 27.6 ± 4.7 ng/ml; p < 0.001). The serum levels of 25(OH)D3 were significantly lower in patients with acute pyelonephritis compared to patients with lower UTI (8.6 ± 2.8 vs. 14.2 ± 3.0 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Within the study group, mean serum levels of 25(OH)D3 among girls were lower than those of boys (10.9 ± 3.4 ng/ml vs. 13.2 ± 4.4 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that a serum 25(OH)D3 level of <20 ng/ml (odds ratio 3.503, 95% confidence interval 1.621-7.571; p = 0.001) was associated with UTI in children. Conclusions: Our results suggest that vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for UTI in children.
Development of hippocampal subfield volumes from 4 to 22 years

The hippocampus supports several important cognitive functions known to undergo substantial development during childhood and adolescence, for example, encoding and consolidation of vivid personal memories. However, diverging developmental effects on hippocampal volume have been observed across studies. It is possible that the inconsistent findings may attribute to varying developmental processes and functions related to different hippocampal subregions. Most studies to date have measured global hippocampal volume. We aimed to explore early hippocampal development both globally and regionally within subfields. Using cross‐sectional 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging data from 244 healthy participants aged 4–22 years, we performed automated hippocampal segmentation of seven subfield volumes; cornu ammonis (CA) 1, CA2/3, CA4/dentate gyrus (DG), presubiculum, subiculum, fimbria, and hippocampal fissure. For validation purposes, seven subjects were scanned at both 1.5 and 3 T, and all subfields except fimbria showed strong correlations across field strengths. Effects of age, left and right hemisphere, sex and their interactions were explored. Nonparametric local smoothing models (smoothing spline) were used to depict age‐trajectories. Results suggested nonlinear age functions for most subfields where volume increases until 13–15 years, followed by little age‐related changes during adolescence. Further, the results showed greater right than left hippocampal volumes that seemed to be augmenting in older age. Sex differences were also found for subfields; CA2/3, CA4/DG, presubiculum, subiculum, and CA1, mainly driven by participants under 13 years. These results provide a detailed characterization of hippocampal subfield development from early childhood. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5646–5657, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.