Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theory of Mind and Context Processing in Schizophrenia: The Role of Social Knowledge

The present study sought to determine whether social knowledge such as speaker occupation stereotypes may impact theory of mind (ToM) ability in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). Thirty individuals with SZ and 30 matched healthy control (HC) participants were tested individually on their ToM ability using a paradigm showing that stereotypes such as speaker occupation influences the extent to which speaker ironic intent is understood. ToM ability was assessed with open questions on the speaker ironic intent, irony rating, and mockery rating. Social perception was also assessed through politeness rating. The main results showed that SZ participants, like HC participants, were sensitive to the social stereotypes. They used these stereotypes adequately to attribute mental states such as speaker ironic intent to a protagonist while they found it difficult to explicitly judge and attribute negative attitude and emotion, as evidenced by mockery rating. No difference was found between the two groups regarding social perception ability. These performances were not associated with clinical symptoms. The integration of contextual information seems to be a good target for cognitive remediation aiming to increase social cognition ability.
Origin of families and $SO(18)$ grand unification

We exploit a recent advance in the study of interacting topological superconductors to propose a solution to the family puzzle of particle physics in the context of SO(18) [or more correctly, Spin(18)] grand unification. We argue that Yukawa couplings of intermediate strength may allow the mirror matter and extra families to decouple at arbitrarily high energies. As was clear from the existing literature, we have to go beyond the Higgs mechanism in order to solve the family puzzle. A pattern of symmetry breaking which results in the SU(5) grand unified theory with horizontal or family symmetry USp(4)=Spin(5) [or more loosely, SO(5)] leaves exactly three light families of matter and seems particularly appealing. We comment briefly on an alternative scheme involving discrete non-Abelian family symmetries. In a few lengthy Appendices we review some of the pertinent condensed matter theory.
COLLEGE STUDENTS’ ACCEPTANCE OF TABLET PCS: AN APPLICATION OF THE UTAUT MODEL

Instructional technology can enhance the learning process for post secondary students. Colleges and universities have adopted computing initiatives that require every student to acquire their own portable computing device. Yet for such initiatives to improve students’ learning and teaching effectiveness, such technology-based initiatives must be accepted by students and faculty alike. In that regard, Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, and Davis, (2003) present the “Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)” as a unifying model for technology acceptance and show it as outperforming other models. However, few studies to date utilize and evaluate the UTAUT model, particularly in an educational setting. The objective of the study is to evaluate students’ acceptance of Tablet PC (TPC) as a means to forecast, explain, and improve usage pattern of TPC in education. The research contributes to the management of information technology (IT) based initiatives in education and to UTAUT’s theoretical validity and empirical applicability.
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF FUTURE PLANS AND EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES OF TRANSITION-AGE YOUTH AND YOUNG ADULTS

A descriptive profile of the health related concerns, school-related and extracurricular activities, employment-related activities, social relationships and future plans of 25 transition-aged youth and young adults (ages 14 to 21 years) were conducted. The findings of this exploratory study provide insight on the impact their chronic condition had upon all aspects of their lives. Sixty percent of respondents indicated they had missed school due to their condition and a third of the respondents had not completed high school. Health care professionals usually were not identified as participatory in youth transition planning. The majority of these transition-aged youth and young adults had positive feelings towards their school experience, although most of the respondents were not involved in school projects or clubs, which suggests their participation in school-related extra-curricular activities was limited. Nearly all of the respondents had some form of employment experience. Most of their work experiences were nonpaying jobs such as serving as a volunteer and participating in school-based employment training. Nearly all of the respondents expressed desires for sustainable employment and fiscal and social independence. Most of the respondents reported having social relationships with just less than half reporting seeing friends outside of school.
Scaling-up Strategy as an Appropriate Approach for Sustainable New Town Development? Lessons from Wujin, Changzhou, China

China has achieved rapid urbanization and unprecedented economic booming over the past three decades. Numerous cities and towns dreamed of cloning the miracles of Shenzhen and Pudong, Shanghai, in terms of their international development. However, inappropriate development strategies have meant that the majority of fast expanding urban suburbs or newly developed towns suffer a high ratio of vacant dwellings in real estate markets and a massive loss of farmland. The frequent exposure of these empty cities to mass media or the public has urged urban governments to impose fiscal austerity. These unexpected and negative consequences of urban development have explicit conflicts with sustainability. This paper aims to provide a political economy view of these unsustainable outcomes of new development. To achieve this, the processes and agendas of new city or town planning in Wujin District, Changzhou City, are analyzed and evaluated from the perspective of scale theory. Extensive interviews conducted with local politicians at different levels, planners, real estate agents and local residents facilitate the interpretation of these processes and agendas. It is argued that the legends of Shenzhen and Pudong, Shanghai originate from a modified neoliberal capitalism intervention at the right time and place, with which other peer cities are not comparable. It is concluded that the scaling-up strategy is not appropriate for the local new town development of Wujin, which has led to unsustainable outcomes—empty cities and towns—and created important lessons for the sustainable development of Chinese cities.
Sentence Processing Strategies in Healthy Seniors with Poor Comprehension: An fMRI Study

We used fMRI to examine patterns of brain recruitment in 22 healthy seniors, half of whom had selective comprehension difficulty for grammatically complex sentences. We found significantly reduced recruitment of left posterolateral temporal [Brodmann area (BA) 22/21] and left inferior frontal (BA 44/6) cortex in poor comprehenders compared to the healthy seniors with good sentence comprehension, cortical regions previously associated with language comprehension and verbal working memory, respectively. The poor comprehenders demonstrated increased activation of left prefrontal (BA 9/46), right dorsal inferior frontal (BA 44/6), and left posterior cingulate (BA 31/23) cortices for the grammatically simpler sentences that they understood. We hypothesize that these brain regions support an alternate, nongrammatical strategy for processing complex configurations of symbolic information. Moreover, these observations emphasize the crucial role of the left perisylvian network for grammatically guided sentence processing in subjects with good comprehension.
MR imaging in patients with Crohn disease: value of T2- versus T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced MR sequences with use of an oral superparamagnetic contrast agent.

PURPOSE To prospectively compare oral contrast-enhanced T2-weighted half-Fourier rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced fast low-angle shot (FLASH) MR and standard examinations in the evaluation of Crohn disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Fifty-nine patients with Crohn disease underwent MR imaging after oral administration of a superparamagnetic contrast agent; RARE plain and fat-suppressed sequences and FLASH sequences were performed before and after intravenous injection of gadolinium chelate. References were endoscopic, small-bowel barium, computed tomographic, ultrasonographic, and clinical-biochemical scoring of disease activity. Two radiologists analyzed MR images for presence and extent of Crohn disease lesions, presence of strictures or other complications, and degree of local inflammation. MR findings were correlated with endoscopic, radiologic, and clinical data (kappa statistic and Spearman rank correlation test). RESULTS T2-weighted MR was 95% accurate, 98% sensitive, and 78% specific for detection of ileal lesions. Agreement between T1- and T2-weighted images ranged from 0.77 for ileal lesions to 1.00 for colic lesions. T2-weighted MR enabled detection of 26 of 29 severe strictures, 17 of 24 enteroenteric fistulas, and all adhesions and abscesses; T1-weighted MR enabled detection of 20 of 29 severe strictures, 16 of 24 enteroenteric fistulas, and all adhesions and abscesses. Complications leading to surgery were found in 12 (20%) patients; these were assessed correctly with either T1- or T2-weighted images. T2-weighted signal intensities of the wall and mesentery correlated with biologic activity (P < .001, r of 0.774 and 0.712, respectively). Interobserver agreement was 0.642-1.00 for T2-weighted and 0.711-1.00 for T1-weighted images. CONCLUSION T2-weighted MR can depict Crohn disease lesions and help assess mural and transmural inflammation with the same accuracy as gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MR. Combination of gadolinium-enhanced T1- and T2-weighted sequences is useful in the assessment of Crohn disease.
Gender differences in the climate change communication on Twitter

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a study about gender differences in the climate change communication on Twitter and in the use of affordances on Twitter. Design/methodology/approach – The data set consists of about 250,000 tweets and retweets for which the authors’ gender was identified. While content of tweets and hashtags used were analysed for common topics and specific contexts, the usernames that were proportionately more frequently mentioned by either male or female tweeters were coded according to the usernames’ stance in the climate change debate into convinced (that climate change is caused by humans), sceptics, neutrals and unclear groups, and according to the type or role of the user account (e.g. campaign, organization, private person). Findings – The results indicate that overall male and female tweeters use very similar language in their tweets, but clear differences were observed in the use of hashtags and usernames, with female tweeters mentioning significantly more campa.
Oligodendrocyte development and CNS myelination are unaffected in a mouse model of severe spinal muscular atrophy

The childhood neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by loss-of-function mutations or deletions in the Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene resulting in insufficient levels of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Classically considered a motor neuron disease, increasing evidence now supports SMA as a multi-system disorder with phenotypes discovered in cortical neuron, astrocyte, and Schwann cell function within the nervous system. In this study, we sought to determine whether Smn was critical for oligodendrocyte (OL) development and central nervous system myelination. A mouse model of severe SMA was used to assess OL growth, migration, differentiation and myelination. All aspects of OL development and function studied were unaffected by Smn depletion. The tremendous impact of Smn depletion on a wide variety of other cell types renders the OL response unique. Further investigation of the OLs derived from SMA models may reveal disease modifiers or a compensatory mechanism allowing these cells to flourish despite the reduced levels of this multifunctional protein.
The Association between Autism Spectrum Disorders and Secondhand Tobacco Exposure

Second hand tobacco smoke exposure has been associated with neurobehavioral disorders among children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between second hand smoking and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children in the United States. Parent-reported postnatal tobacco exposure inside and outside the house and ASD diagnosis was examined in children younger than 12 years using the 2011-2012 National Survey on Children's Health. The physician diagnosis of current ASD as reported by the parents was used as the outcome variable. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to assess the associations. Of the 43,418 children, 23.6% had second hand smoke exposure, and 4.8% were exposed to tobacco smoke exposure inside the house (p-value <0.001). The mean age of children suffering from ASD in this study population was 6.5 years. In univariate logistic regression analysis, second hand tobacco exposure was associated with 36% greater odds of being diagnosed with ASD (p-value <0.001) and 39% greater odds of being diagnosed with ASD (p-value <0.001) if parents smoked inside the house. After adjusting for covariates, smoking (inside and outside the house) was not significantly associated with ASD risk in children. The prenatal, perinatal and other demographic factors are important predisposing factors for ASD in children and affect the relationship between second hand smoking and ASD.
A Stereo Vision-Based Self-Localization System

This paper proposes a new stereo vision-based self-localization system (SVBSLS) for the RoboCup soccer humanoid league rules for the 2010 competition. The humanoid robot integrates information from pan/tilt motors and stereo vision to accomplish the self-localization and measure the distance from the robot to the soccer ball. The proposed approach uses a trigonometric function to find coarse distances from the robot to the landmark and from the robot to the soccer ball, after which it adopts an artificial neural network technique to increase the precision of the distance measurement. A statistics approach is also used to calculate the relationship between the humanoid robot and the position of the landmark for self-localization. The experimental results indicate that the SVBSLS localization system in this paper had an accuracy ratio of 100 for localization. The average error of distance from the humanoid soccer robot to the soccer ball was only 0.64 cm.
Molecular gas in submillimetre-faint, star-forming ultraluminous galaxies at z > 1

We present interferometric CO observations of twelve z� 2 submillimeter-faint, starforming radio galaxies (SFRGs) which are thought to be ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) dominated by hotter dust (Tdust > � 40K) than submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) of similar luminosities. Four other CO-observed SFRGs are included from the literature, and all observations are taken at the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) in the compact configuration. Ten of the sixteen SFRGs observed in CO (63%) are detected at >4� with a mean inferred molecular gas mass of � 8� 10 9 M� . Like SMGs, SFRGs follow the local ULIRG LFIR-L 0 relation although our SFRG sample is about two times fainter than CO-observed SMGs (in both radio and CO luminosities) and have narrower CO line widths, � 360 kms −1 . We explore the various physical conditions, like merger stage or secular evolution, which could lead to line width and luminosity differences between the populations, and we deduce that SFRGs are most consistent with the aggregate properties of local ULIRGs. High stellar mass fractions (h M? /Mdyni � 0.8) and low gas mass fractions (h MH2/Mdyni � 0.2) suggest that most of the galaxies’ star formation has already occurred. High-resolution (0.3 00 ) MERLIN radio mapping indicates that extended star formation dominates SFRG radio emission with sizes Reff � 2.5kpc. The AGN fraction of SFRGs is consistent with SMGs and is estimated to be 0.3� 0.1, suggesting that SFRGs are observed near the peak phase of star formation activity and not in a later, post-SMG enhanced AGN phase. Excitation analysis of one SFRG indicates the same level of excitation observed in SMGs (turning over beyond 12 CO(J=4! 3)). Detection of three SFRGs at 350� m help constrain FIR spectral energy distributions, suggestive of warm dust temperatures. Better constraints on the CO properties and FIR dust emission of diverse high-z ULIRG populations are needed to determine the evolutionary causes of hotter dust temperature, the effects it has on high star formation rates, and what role the ULIRG phase serves in catalyzing the formation of massive stellar systems in the early Universe.
Recurrent Neural Network Based Language Modeling in Meeting Recognition

We use recurrent neural network (RNN) based language models to improve the BUT English meeting recognizer. On the baseline setup using the original language models we decrease word error rate (WER) more than 1% absolute by n-best list rescoring and language model adaptation. When n-gram language models are trained on the same moderately sized data set as the RNN models, improvements are higher yielding a system which performs comparable to the baseline. A noticeable improvement was observed with unsupervised adaptation of RNN models. Furthermore, we examine the influence of word history on WER and show how to speed-up rescoring by caching common prefix strings. Index Terms: automatic speech recognition, language modeling, recurrent neural networks, rescoring, adaptation
Transcription Factors WOX11/12 Directly Activate WOX5/7 to Promote Root Primordia Initiation and Organogenesis1

WOX11/12 directly activate WOX5/7 to induce root primordium development during de novo regeneration. De novo organogenesis, which gives rise to adventitious roots and shoots, is a type of plant regeneration for survival after wounding. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), two main cell fate transition steps are required to establish the root primordium during de novo root organogenesis from leaf explants. The first step from regeneration-competent cells to root founder cells involves activation of WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX11 (WOX11) and WOX12 (WOX11/12) expression by auxin. However, the molecular mechanism controlling the second step of fate transition from root founder cells to root primordium is poorly understood. In this study, we show that the expression levels of WOX11/12 decrease while those of WOX5 and 7 (WOX5/7) increase during the transition from root founder cells to the root primordium. WOX11/12 function genetically upstream of WOX5/7, and the WOX11/12 proteins directly bind to the promoters of WOX5/7 to activate their transcription. Mutations in WOX5/7 result in defective primordium formation. Overall, our data indicate that the expression switch from WOX11/12 to WOX5/7 is critical for initiation of the root primordium during de novo root organogenesis.
The interaction of APEX1 variant with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on increasing chromosome damage and lung cancer risk among male Chinese

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most significant contributors to tobacco‐induced lung carcinogenesis. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a central enzyme in the removal of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites caused by DNA damaging agents. This study aimed to investigate the potential interaction of APEX1 polymorphisms and PAHs on genetic damage and lung cancer risk among male Chinese. We recruited an occupational cohort of 922 male coke oven workers and determined their DNA damage levels by calculating the lymphocytic micronucleus (MN) frequencies. Two well‐studied APEX1 polymorphisms (−307A > C and Asp148Glu) and their associations with MN frequencies were examined. The impact of MN‐related single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on lung cancer risk was further investigated in two case‐control studies including 1634 male lung cancer patients and 1678 controls. It was shown that, the APEX1 148Glu allele was associated with significantly higher MN frequencies than 148Asp allele, with strongest associations among the highest PAH‐exposure workers (P = 0.008). The APEX1 148Glu allele was also associated with increased lung cancer risk among male smokers, especially among heavy smokers in both case‐control studies (odd ratio: 4.40, 95%CI: 3.29–5.72). In addition, APEX1 148Glu variant interacts with smoking in increasing male lung cancer risk, as measured by the attributable proportion due to interaction, which was 0.23 (95%CI: 0.06–0.39). This study showed evidence on interaction between APEX1 148Glu variant and cigarette smoking in increasing lung cancer susceptibility among male Chinese, which may be due to the synergistic effects of APEX1 148Glu and PAHs in increasing chromosome damage levels. The results provide a new insight into gene‐interactions in lung carcinogenesis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activation of immunological network by chronic low-dose-rate irradiation in wild-type mouse strains: Analysis of immune cell populations and surface molecules

Purpose: To analyse the effects of chronic whole body low-dose-rate irradiation on the immune system in various wild-type mouse strains in comparison with the effects from acute high-dose-rate irradiation. Materials and methods: Wild-type mouse strains (C57BL/6, BALB/c, C3H/He, DBA/1, DBA/2 and CBA) were observed after chronic low-dose-rate γ irradiation at 1.2 mGy hour−1 by intensive analysis of immune cell populations and their various surface molecules, together with antibody-producing activity both with and without immunization by sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The cell surface functional molecules [cluster of differentiation (CD) 3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD45R/B220, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, Fas, natural killer (NK)-1.1, chemokine {C-X-C motif } receptor 4 (CXCR4) and chemokine {C-C motif } receptor 5 (CCR5)] and activation molecules [thymocyte-activating molecule (THAM), CD28, CD40, CD44H, CD70, B7-1, B7-2, OX-40 antigen, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), CD30 ligand and CD40 ligand] were studied in the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and peripheral blood by flow cytometry. Results: By chronic low-dose-rate irradiation alone, CD4+ T cells and CD8 molecule expression increased significantly by a maximum of 30%, while CD40+ B cells decreased significantly. Increases of CD4+ T cells, CD40+ B cells and anti-SRBC antibody-producing cells by immunization were significantly enhanced by continuous low-dose-rate irradiation at 1.2 mGy hour−1. CD3− CD4+ T cells, representative of abnormal immune cells, were absent in the chronically low-dose-rate-irradiated mice, while a dose-dependent increase of these cells was found in acutely high-dose-rate-irradiated mice given the same total doses. Conclusion: Chronic low-dose-rate radiation activated the immune system of the whole body.