Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of ozonated olive oil on acute radiation proctitis in rats.

BACKGROUND Acute radiation proctitis is a common complication of pelvic radiation and management of acute radiation proctitis is under evaluation. The beneficial effects of ozonated olive oil (OzOO) have already been shown in the treatment of chronic wounds. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of topical OzOO on acute radiation proctitis. AIMS To evaluate the therapeutic effects of topical OzOO on acute radiation proctitis. STUDY DESIGN Animal experimentation. METHODS RATS WERE DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS: control; irradiation+saline (1 mL); and irradiation +OzOO (1 mL). A single fraction of 17.5 Gy was delivered to each rat. The OzOO was administered rectally each day after irradiation. Each rat was observed daily for signs of proctitis. Irradiated rats were euthanised on days 5 and 10. The mucosal changes were evaluated macroscopically and pathologically. RESULTS According to the clinical findings, five rats in the irradiation+saline group showed Grade 4 symptoms on the 10(th) day. Macroscopic finding scores on the 10(th) day in the irradiation+saline and irradiation+OzOO groups were statistically significantly different. On pathological examination, radiation-induced mucosal damage was the most prominent 10 days after irradiation in saline-treated rats. On the 10(th) day, the irradiation+OzOO group showed mild inflammation and slight crypt change, which corresponded to Grade 1 pathological findings. CONCLUSION OzOO attenuates macroscopic and pathological findings of acute radiation proctitis in rats.
A learning approach to tracking in mechanical systems with friction

This paper describes a novel learning control scheme for tracking periodic trajectories in mechanical systems with friction. It is based on the fact that the solution of the closed-loop system tends to be periodic in steady state. When the closed-loop system reaches the steady state, the proposed learning control scheme updates the control input. By doing this iteratively, the proposed learning control scheme eventually can drive the tracking error to zero. Neither the information of the system mass nor the parametric model for friction is required for successful tracking. In particular the proposed learning control scheme can be implemented at cheap cost on a commercially available microprocessor. Furthermore, its generality is well supported through rigorous convergence analysis.
IN GOOD COMPANY? ON HUME’S PRINCIPLE AND THE ASSIGNMENT OF NUMBERS TO INFINITE CONCEPTS

Abstract In a recent article (Mancosu, 2009), I have explored the historical, mathematical, and philosophical issues related to the new theory of numerosities. The theory of numerosities provides a context in which to assign ‘sizes’ to infinite sets of natural numbers in such a way as to preserve the part-whole principle, namely if a set A is properly included in B then the numerosity of A is strictly less than the numerosity of B. Numerosity assignments differ from the standard assignment of size provided by Cantor’s cardinality assignments. In this paper I generalize some worries, raised by Richard Heck, emerging from the theory of numerosities to a line of thought resulting in what I call a ‘good company’ objection to Hume’s Principle (HP). The paper is centered around five main parts. The first (§3) takes a historical look at nineteenth-century attributions of equality of numbers in terms of one-one correlation and argues that there was no agreement as to how to extend such determinations to infinite sets of objects. This leads to the second part (§4) where I show that there are countably-infinite many abstraction principles that are ‘good’, in the sense that they share the same virtues of HP (or so I claim) and from which we can derive the axioms of second-order arithmetic. All the principles I present agree with HP in the assignment of numbers to finite concepts but diverge from it in the assignment of numbers to infinite concepts. The third part (§5) connects this material to a debate on Finite Hume’s Principle between Heck and MacBride. The fourth part (§6) states the ‘good company’ objection as a generalization of Heck’s objection to the analyticity of HP based on the theory of numerosities. In the same section I offer a taxonomy of possible neo-logicist responses to the ‘good company’ objection. Finally, §7 makes a foray into the relevance of this material for the issue of cross-sortal identifications for abstractions.
Resilient peer-to-peer multicast without the cost

We introduce Nemo, a novel peer-to-peer multicast protocol that achieves high delivery ratio without sacrificing end-to-end latency or incurring additional costs. Based on two simple techniques: (1) co-leaders to minimize dependencies and, (2) triggered negative acknowledgments (NACKs) to detect lost packets, Nemo's design emphasizes conceptual simplicity and minimum dependencies, thus achieving performance characteristics capable of withstanding the natural instability of its target environment. We present an extensive comparative evaluation of our protocol through simulation and wide-area experimentation. We contrast the scalability and performance of Nemo with that of three alternative protocols: Narada, Nice and Nice-PRM. Our results show that Nemo can achieve delivery ratios similar to those of comparable protocols under high failure rates, but at a fraction of their cost in terms of duplicate packets (reductions > 90%) and control-related traffic.
FERONIA receptor-like kinase regulates RHO GTPase signaling of root hair development

Plant RHO GTPases (RAC/ROPs) mediate multiple extracellular signals ranging from hormone to stress and regulate diverse cellular processes important for polarized cell growth, differentiation, development, reproduction, and responses to the environment. They shuttle between the GDP-bound inactive state and the GTP-bound activated state and their activation is predominantly mediated by a family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) referred to as ROPGEFs. Using the Arabidopsis ROPGEF1 as bait, we identified members of a receptor-like kinase (RLK) family as potential upstream regulators for RAC/ROP signaling. NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are emerging as important regulators for growth and development and play a crucial role in mediating RAC/ROP-regulated root hair development, a polarized cell growth process. We therefore screened T-DNA insertion mutants in these RLKs for root hair defects and found that mutations in one of them, At3g51550 encoding the FERONIA (FER) receptor-like kinase, induced severe root hair defects. We show that the fer phenotypes correlated with reduced levels of active RAC/ROPs and NADPH oxidase-dependent, auxin-regulated ROS accumulation in roots and root hairs and that up-regulating RAC/ROP signaling in fer countered the mutant phenotypes. Taken together, these observations strongly support FER as an upstream regulator for the RAC/ROP-signaled pathway that controls ROS-mediated root hair development. Moreover, FER was pulled down by ROP2 GTPase in a guanine nucleotide-regulated manner implying a dynamic signaling complex involving FER, a ROPGEF, and a RAC/ROP.
Secreted phosphoprotein‐24 kDa (Spp24) attenuates BMP‐2‐stimulated Smad 1/5 phosphorylation and alkaline phosphatase induction and was purified in a protective complex with alpha2‐Macroglobulins From Serum

Secreted phosphoprotein‐24 kDa (Spp24) binds cytokines of the bone morphogenetic protein/transforming growth factor‐β (BMP/TGFβ) superfamily and is one of the most abundant serum phosphoproteins synthesized by the liver. Little is known about how Spp24 binding affects BMP signal transduction and osteoblastic differentiation or how this labile protein is transported from the liver to remote tissues, such as bone. When Spp24 was administered to W‐20‐17 mesenchymal stem cells with rhBMP‐2, short‐term Smad1/5 phosphorylation was inhibited, intermediate‐term alkaline phosphatase (ALP) induction was blunted, and long‐term mineralization was unaffected. This supports the hypothesis that Spp24 proteolysis restricts the duration of its regulatory effects, but offers no insight into how Spp24 is transported intact from the liver to bone. When Spp24 was immunopurified from serum and subjected to native PAGE and Western blotting, a high molecular weight band of >500 kDa was found. Under reducing SDS–PAGE, a 24 kDa band corresponding to monomeric Spp24 was liberated, suggesting that Spp24 is bound to a complex linked by disulfide bonds. However, such a complex cannot be disrupted by 60 mM EDTA under non‐reducing condition or in purification buffers containing 600 mM NaCl and 0.1% Tween‐20 at pH 2.7–8.5. LC–MS/MS analysis of affinity‐purified, non‐reducing SDS–PAGE separated, and trypsin digested bands showed that the Spp24 was present in a complex with three α2‐macroglobulins (α2‐macroglobulin [α2M], pregnancy zone protein [PZP] and complement C3 [C3]), as well as ceruloplasmin and the protease inhibitor anti‐thrombin III (Serpin C1), which may protect Spp24 from proteolysis. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 378–387, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activation Energy and High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Multi‐Principal Element Alloy

Activation energy and diffusion kinetics are important in modulating the high temperature oxidation behavior of metals. Recently developed multi‐principal element alloys, also called high entropy alloys (HEAs), are promising candidate material for high temperature applications. However, the activation energies and diffusion kinetics of HEAs have been limitedly explored. We investigate the diffusional activation energy for oxidation of Al0.1CoCrFeNi HEA. Compared to conventional steels and Ni‐based super alloys, the HEA showed a significantly higher diffusion activation energy. This behavior is explained based on low potential energy of the lattice and interstitial sites which effectively trap the atoms, limiting their diffusion. The atomic mean jump frequency for interstitial diffusion of oxygen in the HEA is four‐orders of magnitude lower than T22 and T91 steels and seven‐orders of magnitude lower compared to pure iron. Al0.1CoCrFeNi HEA showed the lowest oxidation rate compared to conventionally used steels, super‐alloys, and coatings.
Liraglutide's safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics in pediatric type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth is increasing. Treatment options beyond metformin and insulin are needed. The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of liraglutide once daily in youth (10-17 years old) with T2D were investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Youth treated with diet/exercise alone or with metformin and having a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 6.5-11% were randomized to liraglutide (n=14) or placebo (n=7). Starting at 0.3 mg/day, doses were escalated weekly to 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.8 mg/day (or placebo equivalent) for 5 weeks. RESULTS Nineteen participants completed the trial. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, with mean (SD) values for age of 14.8 (2.2) years, weight of 113.2 (35.6) kg (range, 57-214 kg), diabetes duration of 1.7 (1.4) years, and HbA1c level of 8.1% (1.2%). No serious adverse events (AEs), including severe hypoglycemia, occurred. Transient gastrointestinal AEs were most common at lower liraglutide doses during dose escalation. No significant changes in safety and tolerability parameters occurred. There was no evidence of pancreatitis or lipase elevations above three times the upper normal limit; calcitonin levels remained within the normal range. For liraglutide 1.8 mg, mean half-life was 12 h, and clearance was 1.7 L/h. After 5 weeks, the decline in HbA1c level was greater with liraglutide versus placebo (-0.86 vs. 0.04%, P=0.0007), whereas mean body weight remained stable (-0.50 vs. -0.54 kg, P=0.9703). CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide was well tolerated in youth with T2D, with safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profiles similar to profiles in adults.
Active Coping Processes, Coping Dispositions, and Recovery from Surgery

&NA; Surgical patients with similar medical problems differ greatly in their rate of postoperative recovery. This study investigated the relationship between the mode of coping with preoperative stress and recovery from surgery. Sixty‐one preoperative surgical patients were interviewed and classified into three groups based on whether they showed avoidance vigilance, or both kinds of coping behavior, concerning their surgical problem. Coping dispositions referring to the same dimension, preoperative anxiety, and previous life stress were also measured. The five recovery variables included days in hospital, number of pain medications, minor medical complications, negative psychological reactions, and the sum of these. Results showed that the vigilant group had the most complicated postoperative recovery, although only two recovery variables (days in hospital and minor complications) were statistically significant. Coping dispositions, anxiety, and life stress showed no clear or consistent relationships with recovery. Ways in which mode of coping may have influenced recovery are discussed.
A tentative comparison on CDN and NDN

With the pretty prompt growth in Internet content, future Internet is emerging as the main usage shifting from traditional host-to-host model to content dissemination model, e.g. video makes up more than half of Internet traffic. ISPs, content providers and other third parties have widely deployed content delivery networks (CDNs) to support digital content distribution. Though CDN is an ad-hoc solution to the content dissemination problem, there are still big challenges, such as complicated control plane. By contrast, as a wholly new designed network architecture, named data networking (NDN) incorporates content delivery function in its network layer, its stateful routing and forwarding plane can effectively detect and adapt to the dynamic and ever-changing Internet. In this paper, we try to explore the similarities and differences between CDN and NDN. Hence, we evaluate the distribution efficiency, network security and protocol overhead between CDN and NDN. Especially in the implementation phase, we conduct their testbeds separately with the same topology to derive their performance of content delivery. Finally, summarizing our main results, we gather that: 1) NDN has its own advantage on lots of aspects, including security, scalability and quality of service (QoS); 2) NDN make full use of surrounding resources and is more adaptive to the dynamic and ever-changing Internet; 3) though CDN is a commercial and mature architecture, in some scenarios, NDN can perform better than CDN under the same topology and caching storage. In a word, NDN is practical to play an even greater role in the evolution of the Internet based on the massive distribution and retrieval in the future.
Formal genetics of muscular dystrophy.

SINCE ITS ORIGIN, human genetics has been subject to several sources of error, stemming both from the nature of the material and from the methods of analysis that have been applied. Two generations of geneticists have removed some of the technical limitations, but the full potentialities of genetic analysis in man have certainly not yet been realized. These considerations led to the development of a rigorous theory of segregation analysis in man (Morton, 1958, 1959) and to the search for a trait that would test these methods to the uttermost. We required a large body of data on each of the simple modes of inheritance, made up in part of representative conventional studies, in part of the more complete data which precise analytical methods demand. Muscular dystrophy meets these conditions admirably. Dominant, recessive, and sex-linked types are known, and a sporadic type was revealed by our investigations. A number of excellent studies have been published which contain sufficient information for genetic analysis (Sjovall, 1936; Stephens and Tyler, 1951; Tyler and Stephens, 1950; Levison, 1951; Stevenson, 1953, 1954; Walton, 1955; de Grouchy, 1953; Lamy and de Grouchy, 1954; and Becker, 1953). A small group of sibships with complete or truncate selection (Morton, 1958, 1959) and unusually good clinical and genetic data, compiled from the literature by Chung and Morton (1959), have been included as an additional sample. Casual reports from the literature, like those compiled by Julia Bell (1943), have heuristic value but, in the absence of adequate data on the number, age, and condition of relatives, mode of ascertainment, consanguinity, and other particulars, are not suitable for this kind of genetic analysis. Through the cooperation of Dr. H. A. Peters, director of the Muscular Dystrophy Clinic of the University Hospitals, we were able to collect genetic information that had never before been reported, including data on the numbers of ascertainments of probands and chemical studies on the various types of dystrophy ( Chung, Morton, and Peters, in preparation). Analysis of the genetic categories by discriminant functions indicated that they could be recognized with relatively little error (Chung and Morton, 1959). During the course of this work there was an exciting interplay between collection of data which required more refined methods of genetic analysis than were then known, and development of techniques that required data that were not then available but are included in our Wisconsin material. The result has been a stringent test of the potentialities of modern methods of analysis in human genetics.
The Novel a 7 b 2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtype Is Expressed in Mouse and Human Basal Forebrain : Biochemical and Pharmacological Characterization s

We examined a7b2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (a7b2nAChR) expression in mammalian brain and compared pharmacological profiles of homomeric a7-nAChRs and a7b2-nAChRs. a-Bungarotoxin affinity purification or immunoprecipitation with anti-a7 subunit antibodies (Abs) was used to isolate nAChRs containing a7 subunits from mouse or human brain samples. a7b2-nAChRs were detected in forebrain, but not other tested regions, from both species, based on Western blot analysis of isolates using b2 subunit–specific Abs. Ab specificity was confirmed in control studies using subunit-null mutant mice or cell lines heterologously expressing specific human nAChR subtypes and subunits. Functional expression in Xenopus oocytes of concatenated pentameric (a7)5-, (a7)4(b2)1-, and (a7)3(b2)2-nAChRs was confirmed using two-electrode voltage clamp recording of responses to nicotinic ligands. Importantly, pharmacological profiles were indistinguishable for concatenated (a7)5-nAChRs or for homomeric a7-nAChRs constituted from unlinked a7 subunits. Pharmacological profiles were similar for (a7)5-, (a7)4(b2)1-, and (a7)3(b2)2-nAChRs except for diminished efficacy of nicotine (normalized to acetylcholine efficacy) at a7b2versus a7-nAChRs. This study represents the first direct confirmation of a7b2-nAChR expression in human and mouse forebrain, supporting previous mouse studies that suggested relevance of a7b2-nAChRs in Alzheimer disease etiopathogenesis. These data also indicate that a7b2-nAChR subunit isoforms with different a7/b2 subunit ratios have similar pharmacological profiles to each other and to a7 homopentameric nAChRs. This supports the hypothesis that a7b2-nAChR agonist activation predominantly or entirely reflects binding to a7/a7 subunit interface sites.
The Kumaun and Garwhal Lesser Himalaya, India: Part 1. Structure and stratigraphy

Our understanding of the geologic evolution of the Himalaya remains incomplete, particularly in regard to structural and geochronologic details of the Proterozoic-Paleozoic Lesser Himalayan Sequence. We conducted an integrated field mapping, geochronological study, and geochemical analysis of the Lesser Himalayan Sequence strata in the Kumaun and Garwhal Himalaya of NW India (78° 00′–80°30′E). Structural observations reveal a systematic change in deformation styles from lower to higher structural levels in the Main Central Thrust footwall. In the south, and at lower structural levels, the Main Central Thrust footwall is characterized by parallel folding and sparse development of axial cleavage. Quartz microstructures indicate that deformation occurred at temperatures below 350 °C. In contrast, in the north and at higher structural levels close to the Main Central Thrust, deformation is characterized by replacement of original bedding, the development of penetrative cleavage, and schistosity locally. Folds are tight, in places isoclinal and overturned. The corresponding quartz microstructures indicate that deformation occurred above 350 °C. Dating of detrital zircons from Lesser Himalayan Sequence metasedimentary units, and igneous zircons from schistose gneisses throughout the Lesser Himalayan Sequence allow refinements to the stratigraphic framework. First, unlike has been observed in western Nepal immediately west of our study area, U-Pb zircon dating suggests the absence of Paleoproterozoic strata in the Ramgarh Thrust hanging wall. This suggests that the thrust cuts upsection laterally along strike. Second, U-Pb detrital zircon dating suggests that metasedimentary strata in the Ramgarh Thrust hanging wall are correlative with basal units of the Outer Lesser Himalayan Sequence, removing the necessity that the Ramgarh Thrust hanging wall was allochthonous with respect to its footwall Lesser Himalayan Sequence units. Schistose gneisses with U-Pb ages of ca. 1850 Ma are older than Lesser Himalayan Sequence units in the area, suggesting that they are thrust-emplaced Lesser Himalayan Sequence basement. We conclude that the Ramgarh Thrust is an out-of-sequence thrust postdating a folding event in its footwall. The earlier proposal that Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Lesser Himalayan Sequence strata are the southern extension of the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence requires that the Tons Thrust, which separates the distal and proximal facies of the Lesser Himalayan Sequence, be a major, south-directed structure with a slip magnitude of >50–100 km.
Characteristics of Soil Carbon Buried for 3300 Years in a Bronze Age Burial Mound

To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the long-term retention of soil C, soil samples were retrieved from a paleosolic A horizon (M bur ) buried underneath a Bronze Age mound and from waterlogged anaerobic (M an ) and aerobic zones (M ae ) within the mound. For comparison with a modern soil, samples were taken from the surrounding arable field (Ar). The soils were characterized by cross-polarization magic angle spinning 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, and by CO 2 production during incubation. At sampling, the Ar, M an , M ae , and M bur soils contained 22.6, 17.9, 6.5, and 6.2 g C kg -1 soil, respectively. Compared with the Ar and M an soils, the M bur and M ae soils were depleted in alkyl C, N-alkyl C, and O-alkyl C and enriched in aromatic and carboxylic groups. The content of PLFA in the mound soils was much lower than normally found for arable soils and the ability of the deprived biomass to decompose glucose was retarded and included a 2- to 3-wk lag phase. The lability ofC left under aerobic conditions for more than three millennia did not differ significantly from that of C in the contemporary Ar soil. Although the chemical nature of the C in the Ar and M an soils was similar, C that had resided under anaerobic conditions was less labile than C from the arable soil. We consider the persistence of C in the unwaterlogged parts of the burial mound to result from physical restrictions imposed on gas exchange and water availability, and thus restricted microbial activity, rather than from biochemical recalcitrance of the remaining C.