Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lung function in children in relation to ethnicity, physique and socioeconomic factors

Can ethnic differences in spirometry be attributed to differences in physique and socioeconomic factors? Assessments were undertaken in 2171 London primary schoolchildren on two occasions 1 year apart, whenever possible, as part of the Size and Lung function In Children (SLIC) study. Measurements included spirometry, detailed anthropometry, three-dimensional photonic scanning for regional body shape, body composition, information on ethnic ancestry, birth and respiratory history, socioeconomic circumstances, and tobacco smoke exposure. Technically acceptable spirometry was obtained from 1901 children (mean (range) age 8.3 (5.2–11.8) years, 46% boys, 35% White, 29% Black-African origin, 24% South-Asian, 12% Other/mixed) on 2767 test occasions. After adjusting for sex, age and height, forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 1.32, 0.89 and 0.51 z-score units lower in Black-African origin, South-Asian and Other/mixed ethnicity children, respectively, when compared with White children, with similar decrements for forced vital capacity (p<0.001 for all). Although further adjustment for sitting height and chest width reduced differences attributable to ethnicity by up to 16%, significant differences persisted after adjusting for all potential determinants, including socioeconomic circumstances. Ethnic differences in spirometric lung function persist despite adjusting for a wide range of potential determinants, including body physique and socioeconomic circumstances, emphasising the need to use ethnic-specific equations when interpreting results. Ethnic differences in spirometry cannot simply be attributed to differences in physique and socioeconomic factors http://ow.ly/R8EaR
Non-invasive imaging of actinic cheilitis and squamous cell carcinoma of the lip

An early diagnosis is of overwhelming importance for the management and prognosis of mucocutaneous cancer. Actinic cheilitis (AC), defined by the clonal expansion of genomically unstable keratinocytes, is the most common potentially malignant lesion affecting the lips. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent oral malignancy, and there is strong evidence that the majority of the SCCs of the lip originate from AC. There is considerable difficulty in discerning between dysplasia and invasive carcinomas solely on a clinical basis. Although dermoscopy has become an essential tool for skin tumor evaluation, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging technology that has proved itself extremely useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of several skin diseases, including AC and SCC. The present study aimed to re-emphasize the usefulness of RCM in the early detection of malignant transformation, using AC and SCC of the lips as working examples. Due to the apparent innocuousness of AC for numerous patients, it is not possible to overstress the importance of a correct and early diagnosis, proper treatment and long-term patient follow-up as being essential for preventing the progression to lip SCC, or for its timely diagnosis.
Prognostic role of survivin in patients with glioma

Background: The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the prognostic role of survivin in patients with glioma through performing a meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for potentially eligible literature. The study characteristics and relevant data were extracted. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to estimate the prognostic role of survivin in patients with glioma. Results: Sixteen studies with 1260 patients were included. The pooled HR of higher survivin expression for overall survival was 1.96 (95% CI, 1.57–2.45). The pooled HRs of higher survivin expression for progression- and disease-free survival were 1.62 (95% CI, 0.91–2.90) and 2.41 (95% CI, 0.98–5.90), respectively. Subgroup analyses were also performed. Conclusion: Our results suggested that higher survivin expression was associated with worse overall survival in patients with glioma. The findings may assist future exploration on pathogenesis, diagnosis, anti-survivin therapy, and prognosis in glioma. However, due to the limited study number, more studies are warranted to verify our results.
Mechanism of the 2015 volcanic tsunami earthquake near Torishima, Japan

Anomalously large tsunamis generated by a submarine volcanic earthquake were recorded by an ocean bottom pressure gauge array. Tsunami earthquakes are a group of enigmatic earthquakes generating disproportionally large tsunamis relative to seismic magnitude. These events occur most typically near deep-sea trenches. Tsunami earthquakes occurring approximately every 10 years near Torishima on the Izu-Bonin arc are another example. Seismic and tsunami waves from the 2015 event [Mw (moment magnitude) = 5.7] were recorded by an offshore seafloor array of 10 pressure gauges, ~100 km away from the epicenter. We made an array analysis of dispersive tsunamis to locate the tsunami source within the submarine Smith Caldera. The tsunami simulation from a large caldera-floor uplift of ~1.5 m with a small peripheral depression yielded waveforms remarkably similar to the observations. The estimated central uplift, 1.5 m, is ~20 times larger than that inferred from the seismologically determined non–double-couple source. Thus, the tsunami observation is not compatible with the published seismic source model taken at face value. However, given the indeterminacy of Mzx, Mzy, and M{tensile} of a shallow moment tensor source, it may be possible to find a source mechanism with efficient tsunami but inefficient seismic radiation that can satisfactorily explain both the tsunami and seismic observations, but this question remains unresolved.
Expression of Caspase-1 in breast cancer tissues and its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion

The present study aimed to detect the expression of Caspase-1 in the tumor tissues and tumor-adjacent tissues of patients with breast cancer, and to investigate the effects of Caspase-1 on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of breast cancer cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect Caspase-1 mRNA expression in breast cancer tissues and tumor-adjacent tissues from patients. Additionally, the human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line was treated with the Caspase-1 small molecule inhibitor Ac-YVAD-CMK, following which the changes to Caspase-1 protein expression were detected via western blotting. The MTT method detected the changes to cell proliferation, flow cytometry detected the rate of apoptosis, and a Transwell assay was employed to assess invasion. Caspase-1 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the breast cancer tissues of patients, compared with in the tumor-adjacent tissues, a difference that was statistically significant (P<0.05). Treatment with the Ac-YVAD-CMK markedly decreased the protein expression of Caspase-1 in MDA-MB-231 cells, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Following this treatment of Ac-YVAD-CMK cells, the proliferation and invasion abilities markedly increased, while the apoptotic levels significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the expression of Caspase-1 is low in breast cancer tissues, which may promote the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells and could be closely associated with the occurrence and development of breast cancer.
Type‐I Paradox of Brugada Syndrome

The electrocardiographic trademark of Brugada syndrome, historically referred to as “type‐I” Brugada pattern, includes a coved‐type ST‐segment elevation of ≥2 mm in the right precordial leads. [1][1] In the original series, all patients had a type‐I pattern spontaneously. [1][1] However
DEVELOPMENT AT A GLANCE Skeletal stem cells

Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) reside in the postnatal bonemarrowand give rise to cartilage, bone, hematopoiesis-supportive stroma and marrow adipocytes indefined in vivoassays.These lineagesemerge inaspecific sequence during embryonic development and post natal growth, and together comprise a continuous anatomical system, the bone-bone marroworgan.SSCsconjoin skeletal andhematopoieticphysiology, and are a tool for understanding and ameliorating skeletal and hematopoietic disorders. Here and in the accompanying poster, we concisely discuss the biology of SSCs in the context of the development and postnatal physiology of skeletal lineages, to which their use in medicine must
Impact of the implementation of an evidence-based guideline on diagnostic testing, management, and clinical outcomes for infants with bronchiolitis

Background: Although bronchiolitis poses a significant health problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), to the best of our knowledge, to date it has not been determined whether evidence-based bronchiolitis clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) complemented by standardized educational strategies reduce the use of unnecessary diagnostic tests and medications and improve clinically important outcomes in LMICs. Methods: In an uncontrolled before and after study, we assessed the impact of the implementation of an evidence-based bronchiolitis CPG on physician behavior and the care of infants with bronchiolitis by comparing pre-guideline (March to August 2014) and post-guideline (March to August 2015) use of diagnostic tests and medications through an electronic medical record review in a children’s hospital in Bogota, Colombia. We also sought to assess the impact of the implementation of the CPG on clinically important outcomes such as lengths of stay, hospital admissions, intensive care admissions, and hospital readmissions. Results: Data from 662 cases of bronchiolitis (pre-guideline period) were compared with the data from 703 cases (post-guideline period). On comparing the pre- and post-guideline periods, it was seen that there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients with an appropriate diagnosis and treatment of bronchiolitis (36.4% versus 44.5%, p = 0.003), and there were statistically significant decreases in the use of a hemogram (33.2% versus 26.6%, p=0.010), procalcitonin (3.9% versus 1.6%, p=0.018), nebulized beta-2 agonists (45.6% versus 3.4%, p < 0.001), nebulized anticholinergics (3.3% versus 1.4%, p= 0.029), and nebulized epinephrine (16.2% versus 7.8%, p < 0.001). Likewise, a significant increase in the use of nebulized hypertonic saline was seen (79.6% versus 91.7%, p < 0.001). However, implementation of the CPG for bronchiolitis was not associated with significant changes in clinically important outcomes. Conclusions: The development and implementation of a good quality bronchiolitis CPG is associated with a significant increase in the proportion of cases with an appropriate diagnosis and treatment of the disease in the context of a university-based hospital located in the capital of an LMIC. However, we could not demonstrate an improvement in clinically important outcomes such as any of the bronchiolitis severity parameters.
Long‐Term Results of Frontalis Suspension Using Irradiated, Banked Fascia Lata

Summary: This study was undertaken to study the long-term rate of recurrence of ptosis and other postoperative complications after frontalis suspension using banked irradiated fascia lata. One hundred thirty-two lids of 72 patients underwent frontalis suspension between 1980 and 1989. The pre-operative diagnoses included severe congenital ptosis (83%), blepharophi-mosis (10%), third nerve palsy (4%), and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (3%). The age at the time of surgery ranged from 5 months to 19 years, with an average of 3 years and 5 months. In 46 patients (64%), surgery was done before age 3 years. The follow-up time ranged from 6 to 15 years, with a mean and median of 10 years. Good to excellent lid height was achieved immediately after surgery in all but three patients. Recurrence of ptosis occurred in 20 cases (28%), and 28 lids (21%). The time to reoperation ranged from 1 to 7 years, with an average of 3 years. Sixteen patients (80%) with recurrence were younger than 3 years of age. Reaction to donor fascia lata occurred in only two patients (3%). Only one patient suffered from excessive exposure keratopathy and required revision of the sling. Banked fascia lata is easy to use and should be considered as an alternative suspensory material in children younger than 3 years of age with congenital ptosis. The long-term reoperation rate in this cohort of patients was higher than the 5% rate reported for autogenous fascia, but lower than that previously reported for banked fascia lata (50% at 8 years).
Moments of metalinguistic awareness in a Kindergarten class: translanguaging for simultaneous biliterate development

ABSTRACT This aim of this article is to contribute to the development of a socio-cultural model of emergent biliteracy that recognizes the dynamic interactions amongst two languages. The present field study took place in a French–German public Kindergarten class in Alsace, France, where students are in the initial process of learning to read in both languages. The teacher, fluent in both French and German, created a translanguaging space where a simultaneous biliterate practice using cognates (or words in two languages that share similar print characteristics and meaning), and identical and non-identical false cognates (words that share all or some print characteristics in both languages but not the same meaning) could be enacted. The selected words enabled these five year olds to engage in a simultaneous biliterate practice that highlighted the students’ interlinguistic abilities specific to print, phonology and meaning across languages.
Constructing an Interaction Behavior Model for Web Image Search

User interaction behavior is a valuable source of implicit relevance feedback. In Web image search a different type of search result presentation is used than in general Web search, which leads to different interaction mechanisms and user behavior. For example, image search results are self-contained, so that users do not need to click the results to view the landing page as in general Web search, which generates sparse click data. Also, two-dimensional result placement instead of a linear result list makes browsing behaviors more complex. Thus, it is hard to apply standard user behavior models (e.g., click models) developed for general Web search to Web image search. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive image search user behavior analysis using data from a lab-based user study as well as data from a commercial search log. We then propose a novel interaction behavior model, called grid-based user browsing model (GUBM), whose design is motivated by observations from our data analysis. GUBM can both capture users' interaction behavior, including cursor hovering, and alleviate position bias. The advantages of GUBM are two-fold: (1) It is based on an unsupervised learning method and does not need manually annotated data for training. (2) It is based on user interaction features on search engine result pages (SERPs) and is easily transferable to other scenarios that have a grid-based interface such as video search engines. We conduct extensive experiments to test the performance of our model using a large-scale commercial image search log. Experimental results show that in terms of behavior prediction (perplexity), and topical relevance and image quality (normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG)), GUBM outperforms state-of-the-art baseline models as well as the original ranking. We make the implementation of GUBM and related datasets publicly available for future studies.
Improving a Neural Semantic Parser by Counterfactual Learning from Human Bandit Feedback

Counterfactual learning from human bandit feedback describes a scenario where user feedback on the quality of outputs of a historic system is logged and used to improve a target system. We show how to apply this learning framework to neural semantic parsing. From a machine learning perspective, the key challenge lies in a proper reweighting of the estimator so as to avoid known degeneracies in counterfactual learning, while still being applicable to stochastic gradient optimization. To conduct experiments with human users, we devise an easy-to-use interface to collect human feedback on semantic parses. Our work is the first to show that semantic parsers can be improved significantly by counterfactual learning from logged human feedback data.
Exploring human breast milk composition by NMR-based metabolomics

Breast milk is a complex fluid evolutionarily adapted to satisfy the nutritional requirements of growing infants. In addition, milk biochemical and immunological components protect newborns against infective agents in the new environment. Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. Human milk also contains a number of other bioactive compounds, the functional role of which has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this scenario, NMR-based metabolic profiling can provide a rapid characterisation of breast milk composition, thus allowing a better understanding of its nutritional properties.
Pancreatic Cancer—Critical Examination of the Global Research Architecture and Recent Scientific Developments

Objectives Despite decades of effort, the 5-year overall survival rate of pancreatic cancer (PC) remains at only approximately 5%. Until now, no detailed knowledge regarding the worldwide research architecture of PC has yet been established. Methods Hence, we conducted this scientometric analysis to quantify the global research activity in this field. The total research productivity was screened and research output of countries, categories, individual institutions, authors, and their collaborative networks were analyzed by the new quality and quantity indices in science platform. Results were visualized via state-of-the-art density equalizing mapping projections. Results The results indicated that Japan, Germany, and the United States played a leading role regarding output activity, multilateral, and bilateral cooperations. Within the past decades, the topic PC has developed into a scientific field covering many subject areas. Recently published studies predict that the scientific progress will be mainly depending on international cooperations; we can confirm that development by now. Conclusions We conclude that the field of PC is constantly progressing in which the influence of international cooperations on the scientific progress is of increasing importance. Nevertheless, research in the field of PC still needs to be strengthened to reduce morbidity and mortality in the future.
First-Person Perspective and Immunity to Error Through Misidentification

Recent discussions of immunity to error through misidentification (IEM) have suggested a number of possible exceptions to a principle meant to apply without exception to specific ways of referring to, or experiencing oneself. As Wittgenstein (1958) first explained it, IEM applies to any use of the first-person pronoun as subject. He distinguished use of the first-person pronoun as subject from its use as object, by examples. On the one hand, ‘as subject’ means any first-person reference I make to myself as an experiencing subject. For example, if I experience a toothache, it would be nonsensical to say ‘Someone has a toothache, is it me? ’ On the other hand, ‘as object’ means any reference I make to myself on the basis of an objectifying perception or thought. For example, looking in the mirror and seeing a sunburned arm, I might say ‘I have a sunburn’. It’s possible that I see someone else’s arm in the mirror and mistake it for my own, and in that sense I would seem to be misidentifying myself. Shoemaker (1968) formalized the idea and termed it ‘immunity to error through misidentification relative to the first person pronoun’.
Visual Outcomes in Patients With Paranasal Mucoceles

Purpose: To describe the ophthalmic complications and visual outcome of patients with paranasal mucoceles. Methods: This is a retrospective case series of patients with a diagnosis of paranasal mucocele. Their medical records were examined with particular emphasis on the location of the paranasal mucoceles, presence of inflammation (mucocele vs. pyelocele), presence of optic neuropathy, and final visual outcome. Results: Ten patients with an average age of 57.6 years (range, 30–71 years) were studied. Seven mucoceles were in the frontal or fronto-ethmoidal sinuses, one was in the sphenoidal sinus, one was within an Onodi cell, and one was in the maxillary sinus. Four patients developed optic neuropathy, of which 2 cases were related to fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles. Four patients had pyeloceles. Two of these 4 patients had resultant loss of light perception: one case was associated with a fronto-ethmoid sinus and the other with an Onodi cell). Conclusions: Our series highlights the greater risk of optic neuropathy and poor visual outcome with sphenoid sinus and Onodi cell mucoceles because of their proximity to the optic nerve. However, fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles are not benign and may compromise vision, especially if a posterior ethmoid component is present, or if treatment is delayed and secondary infection has ensued to form a pyelocele. Management of paranasal mucoceles should be prompt, particularly when signs of inflammation are present.
The Relationship Between Voice Development and the Quality of EFL Writing: A Study on First-Person Pronouns in the Revision Process

Abstract This article investigates the formative influence of voice on the argumentative writing performance of intermediate students of English. Its aim is to achieve a better understanding of how the students’ voice develops in the revision process in relation to the rubric and the essay scores. The data consist of Chinese sophomores’ multi-draft essays. As first-person pronouns are the most visible representation of a writer’s voice, this article gives a detailed description of the features and developmental patterns of first-person pronouns (FPPs). The results reveal that revision-induced changes in FPP can be beneficial to the quality of essay writing but only in a limited number of cases if the students are not formally instructed in voice, which carries pedagogical implications to empower students’ self-identity in EFL writing.