Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-Sprint Abilities in Soccer: Ball Versus Running Drills.

PURPOSE To examine the acute effects of generic drills (running drills [RDs]) and specific (small-sided-games [SSGs]) long-sprint-ability (LSA) drills on internal and external load of male soccer players. METHODS Fourteen academy-level soccer players (mean ± SD age 17.6 ± 0.61 y, height 1.81 ± 0.63 m, body mass 69.53 ± 4.65 kg) performed four 30-s LSA bouts for maintenance (work:rest 1:2) and production (1:5) with RDs and SSGs. Players' external load was tracked with GPS technology (20-Hz), and heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLc), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were used to characterize players' internal load. Individual peak BLc was assessed with a 30-s all-out test on a nonmotorized treadmill (NMT). RESULTS Compared with SSGs, the RDs had a greater effect on external load and BLc (large and small, respectively). During SSGs players covered more distance with high-intensity decelerations (moderate to small). Muscular RPE was higher (small to large) in RDs than in SSGs. The production mode exerted a moderate effect on BLc while the maintenance condition elicited higher cardiovascular effects (small to large). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed the superiority of generic over specific drills in inducing LSA-related physiological responses. In this regard production RDs showed the higher postexercise BLc. Individual peak blood lactate responses were found after the NMT 30-s all-out test, suggesting this drill as a valid option to RDs. The practical physiological diversity among the generic and specific LSA drills here considered enable fitness trainers to modulate prescription of RD and SSG drills for LSA according to training schedule.
Scyl1 Regulates Golgi Morphology

Background Membrane trafficking is a defining feature of eukaryotic cells, and is essential for the maintenance of organelle homeostasis and identity. We previously identified Scy1-like 1 (Scyl1), a member of the Scy1-like family of catalytically inactive protein kinases, as a high-affinity binding partner of COPI coats. COPI-coated vesicles control Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum trafficking and we observed that disruption of Scyl1 function leads to a decrease in trafficking of the KDEL receptor via the COPI pathway. We reasoned that if Scyl1 plays a major role in COPI trafficking its disruption could influence Golgi homeostasis. Methodology/Principal Findings We performed Scyl1 knock down in cultured cells using previously established methods and observed an alteration in Golgi morphology. Both the surface area and volume of the Golgi is increased in Scyl1-depleted cells, but the continuity and polarity of the organelle is unperturbed. At the ultrastructural level we observe a decrease in the orderly structure of the Golgi with an increase in cisternal luminal width, while the number of Golgi cisternae remains unchanged. The golgin family of proteins forms a detergent resistant network that controls Golgi homeostasis. Disruption of this protein network by knock down of the golgin p115 disrupts the Golgi localization of Scyl1. Moreover, we find that Scyl1 interacts with 58K/formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD), a protein that is tightly associated with the cis face of the Golgi. Conclusions/Significance Our results place Scyl1 at an interface between the golgin network and COPI trafficking and demonstrate that Scyl1 is required for the maintenance of Golgi morphology. Coupled with the observation from others that Scyl1 is the gene product responsible for the neurodegenerative mouse model mdf, our results additionally implicate the regulation of COPI trafficking and Golgi homeostasis in neurodegeneration.
A Korean Nationwide Survey for Breakthrough Cancer Pain in an Inpatient Setting

Purpose We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) in Korean patients admitted with cancer pain. Materials and Methods In-hospital patients with cancer pain completed a questionnaire concerning severity of background cancer pain (BCP), prevalence and treatment for BTcP, sleep disorders, and satisfaction with cancer pain treatment. Medical records showing medications for BCP and BTcP were also evaluated. Results Total 609 patients with controlled BCP enrolled. Mean age of the patients was 59.5 years old, and 59% were male. Of all patients, 177 (29%) complained of BTcP. No clinical characteristic predicted BTcP. Of the 177 patients with BTcP, 56% did not receive treatment for BTcP. Patients with BTcP showed significant association with a sleep disorder and dissatisfaction with pain control, compared to those without BTcP (p < 0.0001 and p=0.0498, respectively). Oxycodone-immediate release was the most commonly used short-acting analgesic, followed by intravenous morphine. Conclusion The prevalence of BTcP was 29% in patients admitted with controlled BCP. Although the patients had well-controlled BCP, BTcP showed association with a lower quality of life in patients with cancer. More medical attention is needed for detection and management of BTcP.
Protein‐Rich Food Ingestion Stimulates Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis in Sedentary Young Adults of Different BMIs

Context: Excess fat mass may diminish the anabolic potency of protein‐rich food ingestion to stimulate muscle protein subfractional synthetic responses. However, the impact of adiposity on mitochondrial protein synthesis (MPS) rates after protein‐rich food ingestion has not been thoroughly examined in vivo in humans. Objective: We compared basal and postprandial MPS and markers of muscle inflammation [toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) protein content] in young adults with different body mass indices (BMIs). Methods: Ten normal‐weight (NW; BMI = 22.7 ± 0.4 kg/m2), 10 overweight (OW; BMI = 27.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2), and 10 obese (OB; BMI = 35.9 ± 1.3 kg/m2) adults received primed continuous L‐[ring‐13C6]phenylalanine infusions, blood sampling, and skeletal muscle biopsies before and after the ingestion of 170 g of pork. Results: Pork ingestion increased muscle TLR4 and MyD88 protein content in the OB group (P < 0.05), but not in the NW or OW groups. Basal MPS was similar between groups (P > 0.05). Pork ingestion stimulated MPS (P < 0.001; 0 to 300 minutes) in the NW (2.5‐ ± 0.6‐fold above baseline values), OW (1.7‐ ± 0.3‐fold), and OB groups (2.4‐ ± 0.5‐fold) with no group differences (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Protein‐dense food ingestion promotes muscle inflammatory signaling only in OB adults. However, the consumption of a dinner‐sized amount of protein strongly stimulated a postprandial MPS response irrespective of BMI. Our data suggest that alterations in postprandial MPS are unlikely to contribute to compromised muscle macronutrient metabolism witnessed with obesity.
GPR56/ADGRG1 regulates development and maintenance of peripheral myelin

Myelin is a multilamellar sheath generated by specialized glia called Schwann cells (SCs) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which serves to protect and insulate axons for rapid neuronal signaling. In zebrafish and rodent models, we identify GPR56/ADGRG1 as a conserved regulator of PNS development and health. We demonstrate that, during SC development, GPR56-dependent RhoA signaling promotes timely radial sorting of axons. In the mature PNS, GPR56 is localized to distinct SC cytoplasmic domains, is required to establish proper myelin thickness, and facilitates organization of the myelin sheath. Furthermore, we define plectin—a scaffolding protein previously linked to SC domain organization, myelin maintenance, and a series of disorders termed “plectinopathies”—as a novel interacting partner of GPR56. Finally, we show that Gpr56 mutants develop progressive neuropathy-like symptoms, suggesting an underlying mechanism for peripheral defects in some human patients with GPR56 mutations. In sum, we define Gpr56 as a new regulator in the development and maintenance of peripheral myelin.
Quantifying circular RNA expression from RNA‐seq data using model‐based framework

Motivation: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non‐coding RNAs that are widely expressed in various cell lines and tissues of many organisms. Although the exact function of many circRNAs is largely unknown, the cell type—and tissue‐specific circRNA expression has implicated their crucial functions in many biological processes. Hence, the quantification of circRNA expression from high‐throughput RNA‐seq data is becoming important to ascertain. Although many model‐based methods have been developed to quantify linear RNA expression from RNA‐seq data, these methods are not applicable to circRNA quantification. Results: Here, we proposed a novel strategy that transforms circular transcripts to pseudo‐linear transcripts and estimates the expression values of both circular and linear transcripts using an existing model‐based algorithm, Sailfish. The new strategy can accurately estimate transcript expression of both linear and circular transcripts from RNA‐seq data. Several factors, such as gene length, amount of expression and the ratio of circular to linear transcripts, had impacts on quantification performance of circular transcripts. In comparison to count‐based tools, the new computational framework had superior performance in estimating the amount of circRNA expression from both simulated and real ribosomal RNA‐depleted (rRNA‐depleted) RNA‐seq datasets. On the other hand, the consideration of circular transcripts in expression quantification from rRNA‐depleted RNA‐seq data showed substantial increased accuracy of linear transcript expression. Our proposed strategy was implemented in a program named Sailfish‐cir. Availability and Implementation: Sailfish‐cir is freely available at https://github.com/zerodel/Sailfish‐cir. Contact: tongz@medicine.nevada. edu or wanjun.gu@gmail.com Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Inner ear: dye injection reveals peripheral origins of specific sensitivities.

In the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tracing of functionally identijied, dye-filledjibers of the eighth cranial nerve to their peripheral origins has provided the jirst precise functional overlays for the microstructural maps of innerear sensory surfaces. The inner ear of the frog comprises eight sensory surfaces and the various structures accompanying each of them (I). Certain features of those structures suggest the general class of sensitivity associated with each surface: the semicircular canal accompanying each of the three cristae implies sensitivity to rotational motion about a particular axis; the calciferous mass accompanying each of the three maculae implies sensitivity to gravity or to linear motion; and the intimate connections between the chambers of the basilar and amphibian papillae and the sound-conducting apparatus of the middle ear imply auditory sensitivity. These implications have been supported by electrophysiological and behavioral experiments of earlier investigators (Table 1). None of the eight sensory surfaces is topographically uniform. For example, each macula (utricular, saccular, and lagenar) comprises two fields (a central field surrounded by a peripheral field) with distinctly different receptor cells (hair cells) (2). On the utricular and lagenar maculae, the central fields are thin 0036-807518210326-1 641 $01.0010 Copyright
Design of low dielectric constant polybenzoxazine nanocomposite using mesoporous mullite

In this present work, porous mullites (PM0–5) were synthesized through a template-assisted method using various weight percentages of pluronic (P-123). PM5 obtained using 10 wt% of P-123 was found to show maximum porosity (3.8 Å) and low dielectric constant value (2.4). PM5 was functionalized using glycidyl-terminated silane and denoted as FPM and various weight percentages of FPM were reinforced with polybenzoxazine (PBZ) matrix in order to develop FPM/PBZ nanocomposites. The thermal studies indicate that 1.5 wt% of FPM/PBZ nanocomposite showed improved thermal stability with 34% char yield at 800°C and 162°C as glass transition temperature. It also exhibits low dielectric constant (2.6) than that of the neat PBZ matrix and other FPM/PBZ nanocomposites. The microscopic analysis confirms the homogenous dispersion of FPM into the PBZ polymer that has a porous morphology. The results suggest that the as-synthesized mesoporous mullite with low dielectric constant (k), synthesized via template-assisted method can be used as a reinforcement to decrease the dielectric constant of polymeric material, which is of industrial significance.
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: Assisted Topographic Corneal Epithelial Thickness Distribution Imaging of a Keratoconus Patient

Purpose: To evaluate safety, efficacy and ease of measurement of epithelial thickness in a keratoconic patient based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Methods: A 25-year-old male patient, previously diagnosed with keratoconus, with highly asymmetric manifestation among the two eyes, was subjected to AS-OCT corneal epithelial imaging. We investigated epithelial thickness and epithelial topographic thickness distribution. Results: Mean epithelial thickness was 51.97 ± 0.70 for the less affected right eye (OD), and 55.65 ± 1.22 for the more affected left eye (OS). Topographic epithelial thickness variability for the OD was 1.53 ± 0.21 μm, while for the OS it was 9.80 ± 0.41 μm. Conclusions: This case further supports our previous findings with high-frequency ultrasound measurements of the increase in overall epithelial thickness in keratoconic eyes in comparison with normal eyes. AS-OCT further offers ease of use and possibly higher predictability of measurement. This case report, based on AS-OCT imaging, verifies increased overall epithelial thickness in keratoconic eyes, as introduced by a previous study [Kanellopoulos et al.: Clin Ophthalmol 2012;6:789-800], based on high-frequency scanning ultrasound biomicroscopy imaging.
Quantifying the potential for reservoirs to secure future surface water yields in the world’s largest river basins

Surface water reservoirs provide us with reliable water supply, hydropower generation, flood control and recreation services. Yet reservoirs also cause flow fragmentation in rivers and lead to flooding of upstream areas, thereby displacing existing land-use activities and ecosystems. Anticipated population growth and development coupled with climate change in many regions of the globe suggests a critical need to assess the potential for future reservoir capacity to help balance rising water demands with long-term water availability. Here, we assess the potential of large-scale reservoirs to provide reliable surface water yields while also considering environmental flows within 235 of the world’s largest river basins. Maps of existing cropland and habitat conservation zones are integrated with spatially-explicit population and urbanization projections from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways to identify regions unsuitable for increasing water supply by exploiting new reservoir storage. Results show that even when maximizing the global reservoir storage to its potential limit (∼4.3–4.8 times the current capacity), firm yields would only increase by about 50% over current levels. However, there exist large disparities across different basins. The majority of river basins in North America are found to gain relatively little firm yield by increasing storage capacity, whereas basins in Southeast Asia display greater potential for expansion as well as proportional gains in firm yield under multiple uncertainties. Parts of Europe, the United States and South America show relatively low reliability of maintaining current firm yields under future climate change, whereas most of Asia and higher latitude regions display comparatively high reliability. Findings from this study highlight the importance of incorporating different factors, including human development, land-use activities, and climate change, over a time span of multiple decades and across a range of different scenarios when quantifying available surface water yields and the potential for reservoir expansion.
Towards a Clinically Relevant Lentiviral Transduction Protocol for Primary Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells

Background Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), in particular mobilized peripheral blood stem cells, represent an attractive target for cell and gene therapy. Efficient gene delivery into these target cells without compromising self-renewal and multi-potency is crucial for the success of gene therapy. We investigated factors involved in the ex vivo transduction of CD34+ HSCs in order to develop a clinically relevant transduction protocol for gene delivery. Specifically sought was a protocol that allows for efficient transduction with minimal ex vivo manipulation without serum or other reagents of animal origin. Methodology/Principal Findings Using commercially available G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood (PB) CD34+ cells as the most clinically relevant target, we systematically examined factors including the use of serum, cytokine combinations, pre-stimulation time, multiplicity of infection (MOI), transduction duration and the use of spinoculation and/or retronectin. A self-inactivating lentiviral vector (SIN-LV) carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used as the gene delivery vehicle. HSCs were monitored for transduction efficiency, surface marker expression and cellular function. We were able to demonstrate that efficient gene transduction can be achieved with minimal ex vivo manipulation while maintaining the cellular function of transduced HSCs without serum or other reagents of animal origin. Conclusions/Significance This study helps to better define factors relevant towards developing a standard clinical protocol for the delivery of SIN-LV into CD34+ cells.
Discovery of Mating in the Major African Livestock Pathogen Trypanosoma congolense

The protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma congolense, is one of the most economically important pathogens of livestock in Africa and, through its impact on cattle health and productivity, has a significant effect on human health and well being. Despite the importance of this parasite our knowledge of some of the fundamental biological processes is limited. For example, it is unknown whether mating takes place. In this paper we have taken a population genetics based approach to address this question. The availability of genome sequence of the parasite allowed us to identify polymorphic microsatellite markers, which were used to genotype T. congolense isolates from livestock in a discrete geographical area of The Gambia. The data showed a high level of diversity with a large number of distinct genotypes, but a deficit in heterozygotes. Further analysis identified cryptic genetic subdivision into four sub-populations. In one of these, parasite genotypic diversity could only be explained by the occurrence of frequent mating in T. congolense. These data are completely inconsistent with previous suggestions that the parasite expands asexually in the absence of mating. The discovery of mating in this species of trypanosome has significant consequences for the spread of critical traits, such as drug resistance, as well as for fundamental aspects of the biology and epidemiology of this neglected but economically important pathogen.
Implicit memory: a selective review.

The investigation of human mcmory has undergone a major transformation during the past decade, characterized by Richardson-Klavehn & Bjork (1988) as a "revolution in the way that we measure and interpret the influence of past events on current experience and behavior . " (pp. 476-77). It is not clear whether this transformation should be viewed as paradigm shift, as Kuhn (1962) suggested, or, more modestly, as the emergence of a new subarea of research. What does seem clear, however, is that the "revolution" has already yielded, and will continue to yield, an outpouring of new data and ideas concerning the nature of memory. The scientific substance of this revolution turns on a distinction between two different ways in which memory for prior experiences can be expressed, most frequently referred to as explicit and implicit memory, respectively (Graf& Schacter 1985; Schacter 1987). Explicit memory entails intentional or conscious recollection of previous experiences. In a typical explicit memory experiment, subjects are initially shown a series of words, pictures, or some other set of to-be-remembered materials. Later, they are given a recall or recognition test, in which they must think back to the study episode in order to produce or select a correct response. The vast majority of studies on human memory have, until recently, conformed to this paradigm; theoretical ideas about memory have, with few exceptions, addressed explicit remembering. Implicit memory, by contrast, entails a facilitation or change in test performance that is attributable to infor-
A survey on patient safety culture in primary healthcare services in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the patient safety culture in primary healthcare units. DESIGN A cross-sectional study, utilizing the Turkish version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and a demographic questionnaire. SETTING Twelve primary healthcare centers in the center of the city of Konya, Turkey. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and eighty healthcare staff, including general practitioners (GPs), nurses, midwives and health officers. INTERVENTION None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The patient safety culture score including subscores on 12 dimensions and 42 items; patient safety grade and number of events reported. RESULTS Fifty-four (30%) of the participants were GPs, 48 (27%) were nurses, 51 (28%) were midwives and 27 (15%) were health officers. The mean overall score for positive perception of patient safety culture in primary healthcare units was 46 +/- 20 (43-49 CI). No differences were found by staff members' profession. Among the dimensions of patient safety, those with the highest percentage of positive ratings were teamwork within units (76%) and overall perceptions of safety (59%), whereas those with the lowest percentage of positive ratings were the frequency of event reporting (12%) and non-punitive response to error (18%). Reporting of errors was infrequent with 87% of GPs, 92% of nurses and 91% of other health staff indicating that they did not report or provide feedback about errors. CONCLUSIONS Improving patient safety culture should be a priority among health center administrators. Healthcare staff should be encouraged to report errors without fear of punitive action.
Nitric Oxide: Involvement in the Effects of Anesthetic Agents

There has been an explosive increase in the amount of interesting information about the physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of nitric oxide in cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems. The possible involvement of the nitric oxide–cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in the effects of anesthetic agents has been the focus of many investigators. Relaxations of cerebral and peripheral arterial smooth muscle as well as increases in cerebral and other regional blood flows induced by anesthetic agents are mediated mainly via nitric oxide released from the endothelium and/or the nitrergic nerve and also via prostaglandin I2 or endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. Preconditioning with volatile anesthetics protects against ischemia-reperfusion–induced myocardial dysfunction and cell death or neurotoxicity, possibly through nitric oxide release. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase decreases the anesthetic requirement. Involvement of nitric oxide in the effects of volatile, intravenous, and local anesthetics differs. This review article includes a summary of information about the sites and mechanisms by which various anesthetic agents interact with the nitric oxide–cyclic guanosine monophosphate system.