Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strength and Conditioning Training by the Danish National Handball Team Before an Olympic Tournament

Abstract Kvorning, T, Hansen, MRB, and Jensen, K. Strength and conditioning training by the Danish national handball team before an Olympic tournament. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1759–1765, 2017—The physical demands imposed on national team handball teams during the Olympics imply significant physical preparation to improve performance and reduce incidence of injuries. The purpose of this case report was to describe and analyze the strength and conditioning (S&C) training performed by the Danish national handball team before the Beijing Olympic Games. Eight weeks of S&C was divided into 5 weeks emphasizing muscle hypertrophy and long-interval running followed by 3 weeks emphasizing strength, power, and short-interval running. Body mass increased by 1.6% (p < 0.05), whereas body fat decreased by 1.0% (p < 0.05). No differences were seen in countermovement jump or jump-and-reach height (p > 0.05). Agility performance was evaluated by a T-test and improved by 2.5% (p < 0.05). Changes by 6% and 22% were seen in 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and 1RM back squat, respectively. However, only the 1RM bench press increased significantly (p < 0.05). Running performance was tested by the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test, level 2, and improved by 25% (p < 0.05). In conclusion, during 8 weeks of S&C training before the Beijing Olympics, body composition changed toward more muscle mass, better upper-body strength, better interval running, and agility performance, whereas no changes were seen in jumping or lower-body muscle strength. This case report may be used as a handy script for handball teams preparing for competition. Detailed and periodized S&C training programs for 8 weeks are provided and can be used by teams ranging from moderately to highly trained.
Simulation of 2D NMR Spectra of Carbohydrates Using GODESS Software

Glycan Optimized Dual Empirical Spectrum Simulation (GODESS) is a web service, which has been recently shown to be one of the most accurate tools for simulation of (1)H and (13)C 1D NMR spectra of natural carbohydrates and their derivatives. The new version of GODESS supports visualization of the simulated (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts in the form of most 2D spin correlation spectra commonly used in carbohydrate research, such as (1)H-(1)H TOCSY, COSY/COSY-DQF/COSY-RCT, and (1)H-(13)C edHSQC, HSQC-COSY, HSQC-TOCSY, and HMBC. Peaks in the simulated 2D spectra are color-coded and labeled according to the signal assignment and can be exported in JCAMP-DX format. Peak widths are estimated empirically from the structural features. GODESS is available free of charge via the Internet at the platform of the Carbohydrate Structure Database project ( http://csdb.glycoscience.ru ).
Misconceptions in Biology Education: A Bibliometric Analysis

It is of great importance to examine and organize the misconceptions researches in biology education at regular intervals and to determine the trends. The aim of this study is to examine the studies on misconceptions in biology education in terms of different variables. Bibliometric network analysis method was used in the research. Here, firstly, reports on misconceptions in biology education were obtained by using “biology and misconception” in the “Social Sciences” category from SCOPUS. Accordingly, 410 publications was recorded. The documents were exported to CSV form and in turn subjected to the bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer Software. According to the results obtained, it was determined that the most studies were carried out in 2013. It showed that the most frequently used keywords in articles were “evolution” and other related words. Looking at the most frequently used terms, the terms "respiration" and “photosynthesis” are respectively according to their high relevance scores. In conclusion, we must state that misconception studies on the subjects that students have the most difficulty with in biology have remained up-to-date for many years.
Greedy Direction Method of Multiplier for MAP Inference of Large Output Domain

Maximum-a-Posteriori (MAP) inference lies at the heart of Graphical Models and Structured Prediction. Despite the intractability of exact MAP inference, approximate methods based on LP relaxations have exhibited superior performance across a wide range of applications. Yet for problems involving large output domains (i.e., the state space for each variable is large), standard LP relaxations can easily give rise to a large number of variables and constraints which are beyond the limit of existing optimization algorithms. In this paper, we introduce an effective MAP inference method for problems with large output domains. The method builds upon alternating minimization of an Augmented Lagrangian that exploits the sparsity of messages through greedy optimization techniques. A key feature of our greedy approach is to introduce variables in an on-demand manner with a pre-built data structure over local factors. This results in a single-loop algorithm of sublinear cost per iteration and O(log(1/ε))-type iteration complexity to achieve ε sub-optimality. In addition, we introduce a variant of GDMM for binary MAP inference problems with a large number of factors. Empirically, the proposed algorithms demonstrate orders of magnitude speedup over state-of-the-art MAP inference techniques on MAP inference problems including Segmentation, Protein Folding, Graph Matching, and Multilabel prediction with pairwise interaction.
Understanding community health workers’ intentions to participate in mHealth studies within developing countries

ABSTRACT In relation to mobile health (mHealth) initiatives, early engagement by potential end users has been established to have a positive impact both in the medium- to long-term adoption of the solution. However, there remains a paucity of research which focuses on participant recruitment for mHealth initiatives in developing countries. The objective of this paper, therefore, is to examine community health workers’ (CHWs’) intentions to participate in a mHealth pilot study in Malawi, Africa. A conceptual model with three characteristics is derived from the existing literature which may influence a CHW’s intentions: namely, (1) participant, (2) pilot study, and (3) social and contextual characteristics. A paper-based survey of CHWs was employed to examine the model, analysed using the partial least squares method of structural equation modelling. This study reveals that participant and pilot study characteristics primarily influence the decision-making process of CHWs when considering their participation in pilot studies. Health policy-makers and professionals should focus on reducing uncertainty by promoting the importance of the study at individual and societal levels and ensuring that potential end users are competent interacting and using mHealth.
Subcellular localization of B apoprotein of plasma lipoproteins in rat liver

Multispecific antigen-binding fragments (Fab) from rabbit antisera against rat very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and Fab against rat low density lipoproteins that were monospecific for the B apoprotein were conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Conjugates were incubated with 6-mum frozen sections from fresh and perfusion-fixed livers and with tissue chopper sections (40 mum thick) from perfusion-fixed livers. In the light microscope, specific reaction product was present in all hepatocytes of experimental sections as intense brown to black spots whose locations corresponded to the distribution of the Golgi apparatus: along the bile canaliculi, near the nuclei, and between the nuclei and bile canaliculi. Perfusion fixation with formaldehyde produced satisfactory ultrastructural preservation with retention of lipoprotein antigenic determinants. In the electron microscope, patches of cisternae and ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and particularly its smooth-surfaced ends, vesicles located between the rough ER and the Golgi apparatus, the Golgi apparatus and its secretory vesicles and VLDL particles in the space of Disse all bore reaction product. The tubules and vesicles of typical hepatocyte smooth ER did not contain reaction product, nor did the osmiophilic particles contained therin. The localization obtained in this study together with other evidence suggests a sequence for the biosynthesis of VLDL that differs in some respects from that proposed by others: (a) the triglyceride-rich particle originates in smooth ER where triglycerides are synthesized; (b) at the junction of the smooth and rough ER the particle receives apoproteins synthesized in the rough ER; (c) specialized tubules transport the particle, now a nascent lipoprotein, to the Golgi apparatus where concentration occurs in secretory vesicles; (d) secretory vesicles move to the sinusoidal surface where the particles are secreted into the space of Disse by fusion of the vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane of the hepatocyte.
Applications and Interviews: A Structural Analysis of Two-Sided Simultaneous Search

A large part of the literature on frictional matching in the labor market assumes bilateral meetings between workers and firms. This ignores the frictions that arise when workers and firms meet in a multilateral way and cannot coordinate their application and hiring decisions. I analyze the magnitude of these frictions. For this purpose, I present an equilibrium search model of the labor market with an endogenous number of contacts between workers and firms. Workers contact firms by applying to vacancies, whereas firms contact applicants by interviewing them. Sending more applications and interviewing more applicants are both costly activities but increase the probability to match. In equilibrium, contract dispersion arises endogenously and workers spread their applications over the different types of contracts. Estimation of the model on the Employment Opportunities Pilot Projects data set provides values for the fundamental parameters of the model, including the cost of an application, the cost of an interview, and the value of non-market time. These estimates are used to determine the loss in social surplus compared to a Walrasian world. Frictions on the worker and the firm side each cause approximately half of the 4.7% loss. There is a potential role for activating labor market policies, because I show that for the estimated parameter values welfare is improved if unemployed workers increase their search intensity.
Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger Protein Activates GATA4 Transcription and Mediates Cardiac Hypertrophic Signaling from Angiotensin II Receptor 2

Background Pressure overload and prolonged angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion elicit cardiac hypertrophy in Ang II receptor 1 (AT1) null mouse, whereas Ang II receptor 2 (AT2) gene deletion abolishes the hypertrophic response. The roles and signals of the cardiac AT2 receptor still remain unsettled. Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) was shown to bind to the AT2 receptor and transmit the hypertrophic signal. Using PLZF knockout mice we directed our studies on the function of PLZF concerning the cardiac specific transcription factor GATA4, and GATA4 targets. Methodology and Principal Findings PLZF knockout and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice were treated with Ang II, infused at a rate of 4.2 ng·kg−1·min−1 for 3 weeks. Ang II elevated systolic blood pressure to comparable levels in PLZF knockout and WT mice (140 mmHg). WT mice developed prominent cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis after Ang II infusion. In contrast, there was no obvious cardiac hypertrophy or fibrosis in PLZF knockout mice. An AT2 receptor blocker given to Ang II-infused wild type mice prevented hypertrophy, verifying the role of AT2 receptor for cardiac hypertrophy. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that PLZF bound to the GATA4 gene regulatory region. A Luciferase assay verified that PLZF up-regulated GATA4 gene expression and the absence of PLZF expression in vivo produced a corresponding repression of GATA4 protein. Conclusions PLZF is an important AT2 receptor binding protein in mediating Ang II induced cardiac hypertrophy through an AT2 receptor-dependent signal pathway. The angiotensin II-AT2-PLZF-GATA4 signal may further augment Ang II induced pathological effects on cardiomyocytes.
Re-engaging with the past: recapitulation of encoding operations during episodic retrieval

Recollection of events is accompanied by selective reactivation of cortical regions which responded to specific sensory and cognitive dimensions of the original events. This reactivation is thought to reflect the reinstatement of stored memory representations and therefore to reflect memory content, but it may also reveal processes which support both encoding and retrieval. The present study used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether regions selectively engaged in encoding face and scene context with studied words are also re-engaged when the context is later retrieved. As predicted, encoding face and scene context with visually presented words elicited activity in distinct, context-selective regions. Retrieval of face and scene context also re-engaged some of the regions which had shown successful encoding effects. However, this recapitulation of encoding activity did not show the same context selectivity observed at encoding. Successful retrieval of both face and scene context re-engaged regions which had been associated with encoding of the other type of context, as well as those associated with encoding the same type of context. This recapitulation may reflect retrieval attempts which are not context-selective, but use shared retrieval cues to re-engage encoding operations in service of recollection.
Six Versus 12 Months of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Implantation of Biodegradable Polymer Sirolimus-Eluting Stent: Randomized Substudy of the I-LOVE-IT 2 Trial

Background—There are no reports on a large-scale randomized trial exploring optimal dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) duration after biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent implantation. We sought to report the outcomes of a randomized substudy of the prospective Evaluate Safety and Effectiveness of the Tivoli DES and the Firebird DES for Treatment of Coronary Revascularization (I-LOVE-IT 2) trial. Methods and Results—In the prospective noninferiority randomized I-LOVE-IT 2 trial, 1829 patients allocated to the biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent group were also randomized to receive either 6-month (n=909) or 12-month DAPT (n=920). The primary end points of this noninferiority substudy were 12-month target lesion failure (composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction or clinically indicated target lesion revascularization), and the major secondary end points were 12-month net adverse clinical and cerebral events (composite of all-cause death, all myocardial infarction, stroke, or major bleeding [Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type ≥3]). The 12-month target lesion failure in 6-month DAPT group was comparable with the 12-month DAPT group (6.8% versus 5.9%; difference and 95% confidence interval, 0.87% [−1.37% to 3.11%], P for noninferiority=0.0065). Further follow-up at 18 months showed that incidence of target lesion failure and net adverse clinical and cerebral events were similar between the 2 groups (7.5% versus 6.3%, log-rank P=0.32; 7.8% versus 7.3%, log-rank P=0.60; respectively), as well as their individual end point components. Conclusions—This study indicated noninferiority in safety and efficacy of 6-month versus 12-month DAPT after implantation of a novel biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01681381.
Valproate in Conversion Disorder: A Case Report

Few data are in literature about the pharmacological treatment of conversion disorder and there are not any studies about the use of Valproate extended release (ER) in treating conversion disorder. In this article, we are reporting a case of an Italian woman with a diagnosis of conversion disorder treated effectively and quickly by Valproate ER.
COPII vesicles derived from mammalian endoplasmic reticulum microsomes recruit COPI

ER to Golgi transport requires the function of two distinct vesicle coat complexes, termed COPI (coatomer) and COPII, whose assembly is regulated by the small GTPases ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) and Sar1, respectively. To address their individual roles in transport, we have developed a new assay using mammalian microsomes that reconstitute the formation of ER-derived vesicular carriers. Vesicles released from the ER were found to contain the cargo molecule vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) and p58, an endogenous protein that continuously recycles between the ER and pre-Golgi intermediates. Cargo was efficiently sorted from resident ER proteins during vesicle formation in vitro. Export of VSV-G and p58 were found to be exclusively mediated by COPII. Subsequent movement of ER-derived carriers to the Golgi stack was blocked by a trans-dominant ARF1 mutant restricted to the GDP-bound state, which is known to prevent COPI recruitment. To establish the initial site of coatomer assembly after export from the ER, we immunoisolated the vesicular intermediates and tested their ability to recruit COPI. Vesicles bound coatomer in a physiological fashion requiring an ARF1-guanine nucleotide exchange activity. These results suggest that coat exchange is an early event preceding the targeting of ER-derived vesicles to pre-Golgi intermediates.
The Influence of Solar Wind Pressure on Martian Crustal Magnetic Field Topology

We present a study of changes in Martian magnetic topology induced by upstream solar wind ram pressure variations. Using electron energy spectra and pitch angle distributions measured by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft, we classify the topology of magnetic field lines in the Martian space environment across a range of solar wind conditions. We find that during periods of high solar wind dynamic pressure, draped fields are pushed to lower altitudes on the dayside of the planet, compressing closed fields. At the same time, open topology becomes more prevalent on the nightside due to the broadening of crustal cusp regions. The result is a decrease in closed topology at all locations around Mars, suggesting that the Martian ionosphere becomes significantly more exposed to solar wind energy input during high solar wind pressure. This could likely contribute to elevated levels of ion escape during these periods.
The Dose Effect of Ephedrine on the Onset Time of Vecuronium

A small dose of ephedrine decreases the onset time of rocuronium and cisatracurium; however, ephedrine might be associated with adverse hemodynamic effects. The appropriate dose of ephedrine has not been determined. We, therefore, studied 120 patients anesthetized with fentanyl 2 &mgr;g/kg and propofol 2–2.5 mg/kg who were randomly divided to receive either ephedrine (30, 70, or 110 &mgr;g/kg) or saline. During propofol anesthesia, the neuromuscular block was monitored by mechanomyography by using submaximal current of train-of-four stimulation every 10 s. To determine cardiac output, a transcutaneous Doppler probe was placed externally at the suprasternal notch. Tracheal intubation was performed by a blinded investigator at 2 min after vecuronium. Neuromuscular block, intubating conditions, and hemodynamic effects were measured during the induction of anesthesia. Both ephedrine 70 and 110 &mgr;g/kg improved intubating conditions at 2 min after vecuronium; however, 110 &mgr;g/kg was associated with adverse hemodynamic effects. We conclude that ephedrine 70 &mgr;g/kg given before the induction of anesthesia improved intubating conditions at 2 min after vecuronium, probably by increased cardiac output without significant adverse hemodynamic effects.
How does land management contribute to the resilience of Mediterranean forests and rangelands? A participatory assessment

In Mediterranean forests and rangelands, the supply of important ecosystem services can decrease or cease as a consequence of disturbances and climatic oscillations. Land managers can sometimes prevent or mitigate the negative effects of disturbances through appropriate land management choices. In this study, we assess the contribution of land management practices (LMPs) to the resilience of eight Mediterranean forests and rangelands to multiple disturbances. The study uses a transdisciplinary approach, involving scientists, land managers, and local administrators. Data about disturbances, ecosystem services, the role of LMPs, and the resistance of LMPs to disturbances are combined using a semiquantitative index and analysed to evaluate how the LMPs implemented are suited to the disturbances affecting each study site. Our results indicate that the practices analysed are particularly effective in improving resilience of ecosystems against wildfires and torrential rainfalls. However, droughts are more difficult to address, and the examined practices were heavily affected by their occurrence. Tree planting appears to be highly affected by disturbances. Practices that selectively reduce the amount of vegetation appear to be beneficial in fostering recovery of ecosystems. Our assessment also suggests that it is particularly difficult to increase resilience to droughts and fires simultaneously. Practices that aimed to mitigate the impact of land use did not always prove valuable in terms of resilience. Finally, study sites that included efforts to address disturbances in their management objectives also displayed practices making the biggest contribution to resilience.
Nipple Aspirate Fluid Cytology and the Gail Model for Breast Cancer Risk Assessment in a Screening Population

Background: Recent guidelines suggest that chemoprevention with tamoxifen may be appropriate for women who have a 5-year risk of breast cancer greater than 1.66% calculated using the Gail model. Objectives: To determine whether nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) cytology combined with the Gail model provides breast cancer risk assessment that is superior to either method alone. Methods: Prospective observational cohort of 6,904 asymptomatic women. Breast cancer cases were identified through follow-up with the women and linkage to cancer registries. We used proportional hazards modeling to recalculate the coefficients for the predictor variables used in the Gail model. NAF cytology was added to create a second model. The two models were compared using the concordance statistic (c-statistic). Results: During 14.6 years of follow-up, 400 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. There were 940 (14%) women with hyperplasia and 109 (1.6%) women with atypical hyperplasia found in NAF. Adding NAF cytology results to the Gail model significantly improved the model fit (P < 0.0001). The c-statistic for the Gail model was 0.62, indicating only modest discriminatory accuracy. Adding NAF cytology to the model increased the c-statistic to 0.64. NAF cytology results had the largest effect on discriminatory accuracy among women in the upper third of Gail model risk. The relative incidence for the highest quintile of risk score compared with the lowest quintile was 7.2 for the Gail model and 8.0 for the model including NAF cytology. Conclusion: NAF cytology has the potential to improve prediction models of breast cancer incidence, particularly for high-risk women.
Power Constrained Channel Optimized Vector Quantizers used for Bandwidth Expansion

This paper deals with algorithms for determining well performing bandwidth expanding joint source-channel coding (JSCC) systems. The JSCC systems are realized as direct source-channel mappings. The algorithms presented are "power constrained channel optimized vector quantizers" (PCCOVQ). The PCCOVQ algorithm is a modified generalized Lloyd algorithm. Theory on PCCOVQ is presented, with the emphasis on bandwidth expansion. Examples and results concerning bandwidth expansion by a factor of 2 and 3 are given.