Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coworker support as a moderator in the relationship between daily experience of workload and an individual’s experience of same-day WFC: a buffer or an intensifier?

ABSTRACT The present study looks at the interaction between daily experiences in the workplace – daily workload and daily coworker support – and examines its influence on negative affect and its subsequent impact on same-day work–family conflict (WFC). It proposes two competing moderation hypotheses (buffering vs. intensifying). According to the COR theory, support received from coworkers represents a resource that should buffer the relationship between daily workload and same-day WFC, because it should prevent individuals from experiencing negative affect triggered by high workload episodes which represents a threatening or stressful situation. In contrast, the threat to self-esteem model posits that receiving social support may engender feelings of indebtedness or helplessness at the time such support is provided, thereby amplifying the impact of workload experience on same-day WFC via an increased negative affect. Data collected from 130 pharmacists over 5 consecutive days were analyzed through multilevel structural equation modeling. The results support the hypothesis of the intensifying conditional indirect effect, and show that when individuals are provided with coworker support while experiencing high workload, negative affect is aggravated and hence, in turn, same-day WFC increases. This challenges the mainstream hypothesis that views social support as an important resource in protecting people from stressful events.
Lethal Hydroxyl Radical Accumulation by a Lactococcal Bacteriocin, Lacticin Q

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial mechanism of a lactococcal bacteriocin, lacticin Q, can be described by the toroidal pore model without any receptor. However, lacticin Q showed different degrees of activity (selective antimicrobial activity) against Gram-positive bacteria even among related species. The ability of lacticin Q to induce pore formation in liposomes composed of lipids from different indicator strains indicated that its selective antimicrobial activity could not be attributed only to membrane lipid composition. We investigated the accumulation of deleterious hydroxyl radicals after exposure to lacticin Q as a contributing factor to cell death in the indicator strains. When lacticin Q of the same concentration as the MIC or minimum bactericidal concentration was added to the indicator cultures, high levels of hydroxyl radical accumulation were detected. Treatment with hydroxyl radical scavengers, thiourea and 2,2′-bipyridyl, decreased the levels of hydroxyl radical accumulation and recovered cell viability. These results suggest that, with or without pore formation, the final antimicrobial mechanism of lacticin Q is the accumulation of hydroxyl radicals, which varies by strain, resulting in the selective antimicrobial activity of lacticin Q.
The Sensitivity of Labor Demand Functions to Choice of Dependent Variable

This paper investigates whether the parameters of labor demand functions are sensitive to alternative methods of estimation. The assumption that the production technology is of the Generalized Leontief type implies that the demand system can be estimated by analyzing cross-section differences in earnings across labor markets, by studying longitudinal changes in earnings within a labor market, or by investigating cross-section differences in labor force participation rates across labor markets. The estimation of these models on the 1970 and 1980 Public Use Samples from the U.S. Census reveals that the estimates of labor demand functions are indeed quite robust to major specification changes.
Behavioral / Systems / Cognitive Function and Structure of the Right Inferior Frontal Cortex Predict Individual Differences in Response Inhibition : A Model-Based Approach

Birte U. Forstmann,1 Sara Jahfari,1 H. Steven Scholte,2 Uta Wolfensteller,3 Wery P. M. van den Wildenberg,1 and K. Richard Ridderinkhof1 Departments of 1Psychology, Amsterdam Center for the Study of Adaptive Control in Brain and Behavior (Acacia) and 2Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and 3Department of Cognitive Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
The use of risk registers by project managers

The construction industry is widely recognised as being inherent with risk and uncertainty. This necessitates the need for effective project risk management to achieve the project objectives of time, cost and quality. A popular tool employed in projects to aid in the management of risk is a risk register. This tool documents the project risks and is often employed by the Project Manager (PM) to manage the associated risks on a project. This research aims to ascertain how widely risk registers are used by Project Managers as part of their risk management practices. To achieve this aim entailed interviewing ten PMs, to discuss their use of the risk register as a risk management tool. The results from these interviews indicated the prevalent use of this document and recognised its effectiveness in the management of project risks. The findings identified the front end and feasibility phases of a project as crucial stages for using risk registers, noting it as a vital ingredient in the risk response planning of the decision making process. Moreover, the composition of the risk register was also understood, with an insight into how PMs produce and develop this tool also ascertained. In conclusion, this research signifies the extensive use of the risk register by PMs. A majority of PMs were of the view that risk registers constitute an essential component of their project risk management practices. This suggests a need for further research on the extent to which risk registers actually help PMs to control the risks in a construction project, particularly residual risks, and how this can be improved to minimize deviations from expected outcomes.
Rapid Proliferation and Differentiation of a Subset of Circulating IgM Memory B Cells to a CpG/Cytokine Stimulus In Vitro

Circulating human IgM expressing memory B cells have been incompletely characterized. Here, we compared the phenotype and in vitro functional response (capacity to proliferate and differentiate to antibody secreting cells) in response to CpG and a cytokine cocktail (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10) of sorted naïve B cells, IgM memory B cells and isotype-switched circulating memory B cells. Compared to naïve B cells, IgM memory B cells had lower integrated mean fluorescence intensity (iMFI) of BAFF-R, CD38, CD73, and IL-21R, but higher iMFI of CD95, CD11c, TLR9, PD-1, and CD122. Compared to switched memory B cells, IgM memory B cells had higher iMFI of BAFF-R, PD-1, IL-21R, TLR9, and CD122, but lower iMFI of CD38, CD95, and CD73. Four days after receiving the CpG/cytokine cocktail, higher frequencies of IgM than switched memory B cells—and these in turn greater than naïve cells—proliferated and differentiated to antibody secreting cells. At this time point, a small percentage (median of 7.6%) of stimulated IgM memory B cells changed isotype to IgG. Thus, among the heterogeneous population of human circulating IgM memory B cells a subset is capable of a rapid functional response to a CpG/cytokine stimulus in vitro.
Feeling Safe in a Dangerous Place: Exploring the Neighborhood Safety Perceptions of Low-Income African American Youth

Research shows that neighborhood safety is strongly associated with the health and well-being of adolescents. However, few studies examine what shapes these perceptions of safety, especially for adolescents who grow up in more dangerous neighborhoods. The present study explores what factors shape the neighborhood safety perceptions of a sample of low-income, African American adolescents aged 15 to 19 years (n = 46) from Baltimore who lived in public housing as children. The study reveals the complexity in how adolescents perceive safety, especially among those living in dangerous neighborhoods. The results highlight the importance of the type of danger (e.g., drug activity vs. gun-related violence) and social connections in shaping neighborhood safety perceptions. Sample youth are more likely to report feeling safe when there is little perceived danger. In more dangerous neighborhoods, youth feel safe where there is low violence, they have protective social ties, and they can avoid perceived danger. However, social connections can also tie youth to violence and victimization, which threatens their perception of safety. This more nuanced understanding of youth perceptions of safety has implications for the ways in which neighborhoods affect adolescents and the role of housing policy in improving the well-being of low-income youth.
Identification with the SocialWork Profession: The Impact of Education

The aim of this study is to examine how education affects students' identification with the social work profession. In particular, we examine the impact of students' experiences of their interactions with teachers, peers and supervisors at placement. A longitudinal design is applied. Data were collected from students during their first and third (final) year in social work education from seven universities and university colleges in Norway, representing a sample (panel) of 390 students. To evaluate the degree of students' identification with the profession, comparisons with student nurses are conducted. The analyses indicate (i) that students' dedication to and identification with the social work profession are largely established at a very early stage of education and (ii) that education has a positive impact on students' identification with the social work profession. At the end of their social work education, students who experience support and feedback from teachers and have confidence in their supervisors' competence express a higher degree of identification with the social work profession.
U.S. News Coverage of Global Terrorist Incidents

A slew of gruesome executions by terrorist groups in 2014–2015 renewed interest in the public relations strategies of terrorists. As a case in point, the Islamic State group’s escalating brutality reflects their efforts as a relatively nascent extremist group to ensure a high and sustained volume of media coverage, especially among Western outlets. But what characteristics of events actually prompt coverage from major U.S. news media? Using a rich data set of terrorist incidents and coverage from six major broadcast and cable U.S. networks, we model coverage of terrorist incidents as a function of event proximity from U.S. soil, target country affinity with the United States, number of total and U.S. casualties, and the characteristics of the terrorist group. Our findings largely corroborate expectations set forth by the literature on norms and routines of journalism and economics of news. When it comes to terrorism, coverage by U.S. major media outlets is largely dependent on proximity to and affinity with the United States, weapons of mass destruction, and the number of global and U.S. casualties.
Temporal Precision in the Visual Pathway through the Interplay of Excitation and Stimulus-Driven Suppression

Visual neurons can respond with extremely precise temporal patterning to visual stimuli that change on much slower time scales. Here, we investigate how the precise timing of cat thalamic spike trains—which can have timing as precise as 1 ms—is related to the stimulus, in the context of both artificial noise and natural visual stimuli. Using a nonlinear modeling framework applied to extracellular data, we demonstrate that the precise timing of thalamic spike trains can be explained by the interplay between an excitatory input and a delayed suppressive input that resembles inhibition, such that neuronal responses only occur in brief windows where excitation exceeds suppression. The resulting description of thalamic computation resembles earlier models of contrast adaptation, suggesting a more general role for mechanisms of contrast adaptation in visual processing. Thus, we describe a more complex computation underlying thalamic responses to artificial and natural stimuli that has implications for understanding how visual information is represented in the early stages of visual processing.
Company–Nonprofit Partnerships, Negative Spillover, and Response Strategies

ABSTRACT This study explored whether, in the context of a company–nonprofit partnership, there are negative spillover effects when a crisis strikes a partner organization and what effective response strategies to such a crisis would be for the principal organization. We conducted an online experiment (N = 445) with a 2 (duration of partnership: long-term vs. short-term) × 4 (response strategy: denial, ending partnership, continuing partnership, vs. no response) between-subject design, with two no-crisis control groups. The results confirmed the existence of negative spillover effects; when respondents were exposed to crisis information about a partner organization, their attitude toward the principal organization became less favorable. We found that, regardless of the partnership’s duration, announcing a decision about the partnership—either ending the partnership or continuing the partnership—was not effective in restoring the principal organization’s image. Denial strategies, however, significantly improved the image of the principal organization, up to its precrisis level. We discuss the practical and theoretical implications.
NOMAD: Nonlocking, stOchastic Multi-machine algorithm for Asynchronous and Decentralized matrix completion

We develop an efficient parallel distributed algorithm for matrix completion, named NOMAD (Non-locking, stOchastic Multi-machine algorithm for Asynchronous and Decentralized matrix completion). NOMAD is a decentralized algorithm with non-blocking communication between processors. One of the key features of NOMAD is that the ownership of a variable is asynchronously transferred between processors in a decentralized fashion. As a consequence it is a lock-free parallel algorithm. In spite of being asynchronous, the variable updates of NOMAD are serializable, that is, there is an equivalent update ordering in a serial implementation. NOMAD outperforms synchronous algorithms which require explicit bulk synchronization after every iteration: our extensive empirical evaluation shows that not only does our algorithm perform well in distributed setting on commodity hardware, but also outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms on a HPC cluster both in multi-core and distributed memory settings.
A Retrospective Evaluation Of Team Performance Indicators In Rugby Union

The purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate a method to validate a set of Performance Indicators (PIs). Data from one team (65 matches) was analyzed using 19 PIs categorized into six groups. Frequencies of each PI were recorded at 10- minute time intervals along with match outcomes (win/loss). Odds ratios (OR) derived from logistic regression (>2.0 or <0.5) were used to identify those PIs that contributed to match outcome. Eight PIs were subsequently identified: Ruck Quick had the largest positive effect on match outcome, within the first 20 minutes of the game and also within the 60-70 minute time interval; Territory (Intro 22) had a positive effect on match outcome, its impact was greatest in the first 20 minutes of the match. Two PIs from the Offence group (Gainline + and Gainline +P) had smaller positive effects on match outcome. Ruck Slow had the largest negative effect on winning a match for all time intervals. Other PIs that had negative effects on match outcome included turnover handling, ruck lost and turnover contact. Retrospective match data was used to investigate the efficacy of PIs. This post-hoc confirmation provides a framework for the assessment of PIs in performance analysis.
Dividing academic work: gender and academic career at Swedish universities

ABSTRACT Recent changes within the higher education system have affected the balance of academic labour. This article is based on interviews with 25 women lecturers in Education Faculties at Swedish Universities. It specifically addresses the shifting balance in terms of the increased separation between teaching and research in relation to gender, and the relationship between career advancement and gender this promotes. Distinctions concerning gender and academic labour and an enhancement of these power structures are identified, as well as how these affect possibilities of academic advancement. In conclusion, this study illustrates how women academics understand and navigate their academic career in relation to gendered attributes of academic work such as competitiveness, caretaking and responsibility are discussed.
Determine the uptake of lead in Chlorella vulgaris isolated from Tigris River in Baghdad city

Chlorella vulgaris was isolated from Tigris River in Baghdad city. The isolated strain was identified according to its morphological characteristics as Chlorella vulgaris. The isolate was able to grow in broth medium in the presence of heavy metals. In this paper we present initially the Scanning electron microscopy techniques coupled to Energy Dispersive X-ray will be used to determine if this strain is able to uptake lead which has been detected in Tigris River as a toxic pollutant. The results indicate that Chlorella vulgaris has affinity for lead, and this technique could be very useful for the identification process in contaminated Rivers. The result shown the ability of chlorella vulgaris to uptake the lead with various concentration and it was between(2.2 ,2.7 ,3.2 ,3.7) µg /mg for living cells while it was between (2.3 ,4.1 ,6.8 ,7.9) µg /mg for non living cells in concentration of lead (3,6,12,18) µg /ml respectively, the result shown that the non-living cells have high affinity to uptake lead from the aqueous solution than the living cells .
Resonant Absorption in Complicated Plasma Configurations: Applications to Multistranded Coronal Loop Oscillations

We study the excitation and damping of transverse oscillations in a multistranded model of a straight line-tied coronal loop. The transverse geometry of our equilibrium configuration is quite irregular and more realistic than the usual cylindrical loop model. By numerically solving the time-dependent ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations in two dimensions, we show how the global motion of the whole bundle of strands, excited by an external disturbance, is converted into localized Alfvénic motions due to the process of resonant absorption. This process produces the attenuation of the transverse oscillations. At any location in the structure, two dominant frequencies are found: the frequency of the global mode or quasi-mode, and the local Alfvén frequency. We find that the mechanism of mode conversion, due to the coupling between fast and Alfvén waves, is not compromised by the complicated geometry of the model. We also show that it is possible to have energy conversion not only at the external edge of the composite loop, but also inside the structure. The implications of these results and their relationship with the observations are discussed.
Bayesian Modeling of Memory and Perception

Bayesian Modeling of Memory and Perception Richard M. Shiffrin Abstract I present a framework for modeling memory, retrieval, and perception, and their interactions. The models are inspired by Bayesian induction to determine optimal decisions, in the face of a memory system with inherently noisy storage and retrieval. The starting point for this work was the Retrieving Effectively from Memory (REM) model for episodic recognition (Shiffrin & Steyvers, 1997). The general framework describes: 1) the storage of episodic traces, the accumulation of these into knowledge (e.g. lexical/semantic traces in the case of words), and the changes in knowledge caused by learning; 2) the retrieval of information from episodic memory and general knowledge; 3) decisions concerning storage, retrieval and responding. I give examples of applications to episodic recognition, and cued and free recall, perceptual identification (naming, yes-no and forced choice), lexical decision, and long-term and short-term priming, and briefly consider extensions to episodic categorization and retrieval of content from general knowledge.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Airflow Distribution in an Aircraft Cabin Mockup with a Gasper On

Overhead gaspers are prevalently installed in aircraft cabins as a personalized ventilation system. The air distribution in cabins with gaspers on is crucial for creating a thermally comfortable and healthy cabin environment. However, very few studies have investigated the suitable turbulence model to simulation air distribution in cabins with gaspers turned on. This study first conducted experimental measurements of airflow distribution in a mockup of half of a full-scale, one-row, single-aisle aircraft cabin with a gasper on. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the complex airflow field above a human simulator. This investigation then used the measured data to evaluate the performance of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the RNG k-ε model and the SST k-ω model. The results showed that the SST k-ω model was more accurate than the RNG k-ε model for predicting the airflow distribution in gasper-induced jet dominant region in an aircraft cabin.
A psychometric study of resilience and custodial adjustment among young people in custody

This thesis explores the impact of resilience upon adjustment to custody and emotional well-being among incarcerated adolescent males in the United Kingdom. First, the identification and factorial validation of the Resilience Scale for Children and Adolescents (RSCA; Prince-Embury, 2006, 2007) was completed as a measure of resilience among incarcerated young males. This suggested that young males in custody had below average levels of resilience. Resilience was found to be associated with positive self-perceptions, positive attitudes towards staff members, along with higher levels of good adjustment, positive behaviour and compliance with rules, fitting with a strength-based approach to treatment planning with offenders. Resilience was also found to be associated with lower levels of anxiety, depression, anger, emotional distress and poor adjustment. Evidence emerged to support compensatory models of resilience, where resilience improved the prediction of emotional well-being beyond that predicted by custodial adjustment. Young people identified as vulnerable by prison staff were found to have significantly lower levels of resilience, although naturally occurring clusters of young people based on their resilience profiles did not emerge when model-based clustering methods were used. As a result, a Composite Measure of Resilience and Vulnerability (CM-RV) was developed that could be utilised in practice to assess markers of resilience and vulnerability among young people in custody. The CM-RV is shown to predict a number of indicators of resilience and vulnerability within custody and concurrent validation of the measure was demonstrated. The results of this thesis have a number of implications for practice. In particular, the importance of young people’s relatedness to others is highlighted throughout. Despite the inherent challenges of promoting relatedness within the prison environment, the significant role that it appears to play in helping young people to successfully adjust to the custodial environment suggests that due consideration needs to be given to both its assessment and promotion. The results would also support the design and implementation of resilience promoting interventions to help assist young people to adjust and engage positively during their time in custody.