Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analisis perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan penalaran matematika siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan pembelajaran biasa pada siswa SMP

The aim ofthis study are toexamine: (1)to detect mathematics trouble-shooting ability difference uses study based on problem with study usually, (1) detect mathematics trouble-shooting ability difference uses study based on problem with study usually, (2) detect mathematics reasoning ability difference uses study based on problem with study usually, (3) describe student response towards component and mathematics study process that get study based on problem.This watchfulness is watchfulness semi experiment. These watchfulness population entire students class VIII smp 6 fields. Sample that chosen class VIII-5 (experiment class), class that given study treatment based on problem and class student VIII-3 as control class that given study treatment usually. instrument that used to consist of: trouble-shooting ability test and reasoning test. data analysis is done with ANAKOVA and ANAVA. Principal result from this watchfulness: (1) as a whole student the study with study based on problem according to significant better in increase student mathematics trouble-shooting ability is compared student that use study usually, (2) mathematics reasoning ability that get study based on problem better compared student that use study usually, (3) not found interaction between model of study and students mathematics ability level towards students troubel-shooting ability, (4) not found interaction between model of study and students mathematics ability level towards students mathematics reasoning ability, (5) student response that get study based on problem positiveer. Researchers suggest : 1) model of problem-based learning in the classroom becomes an alternative that can enhance the understanding of mathematical trouble shooting and reasoning students and student learning activities, 2) learning tools, research instruments can be used as a reference for teachers; 3) researchers can further adapt the step-step and fix the flaws in this study.
The other Chicago school - a sociological tradition expropriated and erased

Occupying a central place in the creation myth of sociological science is the world’s first sociology department at the University of Chicago: a faculty hosting reform-minded men developing theories focused on process and change – especially involving immigrants and other poor urban dwellers. A special concern for these theorists was with investigating, measure and solving social problems of the city. The legend tells that these men relied for data collection on the women of Hull House, who then were launching social work projects among the poor. We challenge this long dominant tale with a subversive story about the theoretical and methodological achievements of these women. A central focus in our account is on dissimilarities between theories stressing individual agency promoted by the men of the department and theories of social structure as well as methods for measuring inequality and its consequences developed by these pioneering women of American social science. We conclude by pointing out that their long ignored theoretical understandings of the structural sources of human pain have particular relevance in today’s world.
Prostaglandin E2–prostoglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4) signaling mediates UV irradiation-induced systemic immunosuppression

UV radiation induces systemic immunosuppression. Because nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suppress UV-induced immunosuppression, prostanoids have been suspected as a crucial mediator of this UV effect. However, the identity of the prostanoid involved and its mechanism of action remain unclear. Here, we addressed this issue by subjecting mice deficient in each prostanoid receptor individually or mice treated with a subtype-specific antagonist to UV irradiation. Mice treated with an antagonist for prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4), but not those deficient in other prostanoid receptors, show impaired UV-induced immunosuppression, whereas administration of an EP4 agonist rescues the impairment of the UV-induced immunosuppression in indomethacin-treated mice. The EP4 antagonist treatment suppresses an increase in the number of CD4+/forkhead box P3-positive (Foxp3+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in the peripheral lymph nodes (LNs) and dendritic cells expressing DEC205 in the LNs and the skin after UV irradiation. Furthermore, the EP4 antagonist treatment down-regulates UV-induced expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in skin keratinocytes. Finally, administration of anti-RANKL antibody abolishes the restoration of UV-induced immunosuppression by EP4 agonism in indomethacin-treated mice. Thus, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)–EP4 signaling mediates UV-induced immunosuppression by elevating the number of Treg cells through regulation of RANKL expression in the epidermis.
The Detection of the Diffuse Interstellar Bands in Dusty Starburst Galaxies

We report the detection of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in the optical spectra of seven far-IR-selected starburst galaxies. The λλ6283. 9 and 5780.5 features are detected with equivalent widths of ~0.4-1 Å and 0.1-0.6 Å, respectively. In the two starbursts with the highest quality spectra (M82 and NGC 2146), four other weaker DIBs at 5797.0, 6010.1, 6203.1, and 6613.6 Å are detected with equivalent widths of ~0.1 Å. The region over which the DIBs can be detected ranges from ~1 kpc in the less powerful starbursts to several kpc in the more powerful ones. The gas producing the DIBs is more kinematically quiescent on average than the gas producing the strongly blueshifted Na I λλ5890, 5896 absorption in the same starbursts. We show that the DIBs in these intense starbursts are remarkably similar to those in our Galaxy; the relative strengths of the features detected are similar, and the equivalent widths follow the same dependence as Galactic DIBs on E(B-V) and Na I column density. While the ISM in starbursts is heated by a photon and cosmic-ray bath that is ~103 times more intense than in the diffuse ISM of the Milky Way, the gas densities and pressures are also correspondingly larger in starbursts. This "homology" may help explain the strikingly similar DIB properties.
Choosing an optimal radioimmunotherapy dose for clinical response

Clinical trials have documented the single‐agent efficacy of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in lymphoma, and several combination therapy studies are now in progress. RIT agents are currently becoming generally available for clinical use in lymphoma therapy. Solid tumors, which are notoriously less responsive to any single agent, have demonstrated clinically useful responses, albeit temporary, and multimodality studies have been instituted. However, a sincere debate continues regarding the basic parameters to be used to define appropriate therapeutic dosing when using this modality in clinical cancer care. It is a good time to reevaluate relevant dose response information from preclinical and clinical RIT. Preclinical studies have demonstrated abundant evidence of dose response in tumor and normal tissue in homogenous model systems; however, substantive variation occurs between the dose responses of tumors with low and variable (or shed) antigen expression, as well as between histologically different tumor models. Clinical studies of various heavily pretreated patient populations given several very different RIT pharmaceuticals have led to disparate conclusions regarding patient dosing methods and dosimetric predictions of toxicity and efficacy. Single‐study data on previously untreated lymphoma patients with similar histology has demonstrated a correlation of imaging dosimetry with toxicity and tumor response. High‐dose therapy with bone marrow support has also demonstrated a high tumor response rate and nonmarrow normal organ toxicities that correlate with the calculated dose to those organs from imaging. In iodine‐131 (131I)–anti‐CD20 studies, 131I was demonstrated to have variable excretion, and estimated total‐body radiation dose from tracer study proved a predictive surrogate for marrow toxicity. Yttrium‐90 (90Y)–anti‐CD20, which has little 90Y excretion from the body, demonstrated the injected dose per body weight to be more predictive of marrow toxicity than indium‐111 (111In) tracer dosimetry methods in heavily pretreated patients, and showed maximal safety with standard mCi/kg therapy dosing. Variations in clinical RIT choices, dosing methods, and dosimetry methods emphasize the need to review the relevant information to date. Future clinical trial designs, the sophistication of dosimetry, treatment planning, and clinical treatment decisions should all be focused on achieving the best benefit‐risk relationship for each patient. Cancer 2002;94:1275–86. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Juxtaposing some contradictory findings from research on school choice

Research over the last twenty years on school choice and local markets in education has been contradictory or inconclusive: some supports the movement to give parents more freedom in choosing schools; other findings support the view that greater choice further disadvantages the already disadvantaged. Irrespective of philosophical position, it can be said that school choice is driven by political economy in that its benefits and shortcomings are as a consequence of engagement with political or socio-economic imperatives. This paper juxtaposes some findings from the UK, the US and Europe in a socio-political context and discusses their theoretical implications. Key words author School choice. Key words plus School choice, research, school choice, sociopolitic aspects. Transference to practice This paper brings together international research on school choice and will enable policy makers and school leaders better to understand its benefits and disadvantages.
Thinking and Feeling: Putting Humpty Dumpty Together Again.

The socialization of cognition and emotion have been considered in isolation of one another to the detriment of both. Perspectives on the socialization of each domain are described here and limitations of these approaches are discussed. Key findings from each field are used reciprocally to extend work within the other area and are integrated within the framework of Vygotsky's theory to provide a unified framework. Concepts common to both domains such as intersubjectivity, function, and feedback are used to develop this viewpoint. Papers presented in this special volume of the Merrill-Palmer Quarterly are discussed within the framework
Superior and inferior vena caval flows during respiration: pathogenesis of Kussmaul's sign.

Respiratory induced changes in superior (QSVC) and inferior (QIVC) vena caval flows and abdominal pressures were evaluated in anesthetized closed-chest dogs. QSVC and QIVC were measured with ultrasound transit time flow probes (n = 5), and general (Pab) and regional subdiaphragmatic (Pd) abdominal pressures were measured by air-filled balloons (n = 5), during two respiratory maneuvers produced by phrenic nerve stimulation, i.e., simulated spontaneous inspiration (SSI), and Mueller maneuver (MM), with the airway occluded to minimize diaphragmatic descent. With hypervolemia: during SSI, QSVC decreased, QIVC increased, and right atrial pressure increased (P less than 0.05) despite a decrease in esophageal pressure (Pes), i.e., Kussmaul's sign; during MM, both QSVC and QIVC increased (P less than 0.05) without Kussmaul's sign. The ratios delta Pab/delta Pes and delta Pd/Pes were larger during SSI than MM (P less than 0.01). With hypovolemia: during SSI and MM, QSVC increased and QIVC decreased with a venous pressure gradient across the diaphragm (P less than 0.05), consistent with development of a vascular waterfall. These results suggest that 1) changes in abdominal pressure may affect the patterns of QSVC and QIVC during respiration, depending on blood volume status; 2) a prolonged inspiration with hypovolemia may decrease QIVC because of the development of a vascular waterfall; 3) QSVC and QIVC may be interdependent during respiration; and 4) the essential mechanism of Kussmaul's sign is a substantially larger inspiratory increase in abdominal pressures produced by diaphragmatic descent compared with the decrease in intrathoracic pressure under hypervolemic conditions, rather than the presence of pericardial pathology or right heart dysfunction.
The Role of Emotions in Multiagent Teamwork

Emotions play a significant role in human teamwork. However, despite the significant progress in multiagent teamwork, as well as progress in computational models of emotions, there have been very few investigations of the role of emotions in multiagent teamwork. This chapter attempts a first step towards addressing this shortcoming. It provides a short survey of the state of the art in multiagent teamwork and in computational models of emotions. It considers three cases of teamwork, in particular, teams of simulated humans, agent-human teams and pure agent teams, and examine the effects of introducing emotions in each. Finally, it also provides preliminary experimental results illustrating the impact of emotions on multiagent teamwork.
Asset Fire Sales (and Purchases) in Equity Markets

This paper examines asset fire sales, and institutional price pressure more generally, in equity markets, using market prices of mutual fund transactions caused by capital flows from 1980 to 2003. Funds experiencing large outflows (inflows) tend to decrease (increase) existing positions, which creates price pressure in the securities held in common by these funds. Forced transactions represent a significant cost of financial distress for mutual funds. We find that investors who trade against constrained mutual funds earn highly significant returns for providing liquidity when few others are willing or able. In addition, future flow-driven transactions are predictable, creating an incentive to front-run the anticipated forced trades by funds experiencing extreme capital flows.
Is Sexual Communication Challenging Between Mothers and Daughters?

Many contend that sexual communication is challenging in close relationships, particularly between parents and adolescents. The current study explores the assumption that sexual communication is challenging through joint and individual interviews with nine mother-daughter dyads. Results of these close mother-daughter relationships revealed that sexual communication was and was not challenging for them. A relational dialectics framework revealed tensions between perceiving sex as a natural topic, and therefore relatively easy and communicatively open on one hand, and acknowledging some challenges with conversations about sex leading to closedness on the other. The results from this study show how some mothers and daughters are able to talk openly about sexual information and stand in contrast to other studies that show the challenging aspects of sexual communication.
The Civic Leadership Institute: A Service-Learning Program for Academically Gifted Youth

The need for quality service-learning programs has increased according to greater interest in service-learning and civic engagement for academically gifted students. The Civic Leadership Institute (CLI), a 3-week residential program for gifted adolescents, is a service-learning program created to help academically talented students explore complex social issues that are faced by communities and society today. Class activities are comprised of rigorous academic coursework, community volunteer service, meetings with top community leaders, seminars on specific topics of interest, and rich residential and recreational experiences. This study examined how students perceive and evaluate their service-learning experiences with the CLI program using surveys from program evaluations and narrative comments from 230 gifted high school students who participated in CLI at two different sites in its first 2 years. Overall, the students indicated positive perceptions of the CLI program and were satisfied with its components, particularly the service projects and various field experiences. Overwhelmingly, they perceived that the coursework combined with hands-on experiences enhanced their awareness of civic issues, increased their motivation to engage in social issues in their communities, and allowed them to gain a new understanding and respect for diversity. Suggestions from students included more frequent field experiences, service projects tightly linked with academic content, and meetings with local community leaders. Because this study is the first evaluation of the CLI program, a longer term follow-up study with students who have participated in CLI and comparisons between students who have participated and students who have not participated in the program are needed to corroborate the positive perceptions found among this first cohort of student participants.
Making the Poor Work: Social Assistance and Activation in Sweden

Management of poor relief and work demands have been controversial questions in social policy during the workhouse era of the nineteenth century as well as in current discussions on social assistance and activation of recipients. The first part contains a discussion on the concepts of poverty, marginalisation, and social exclusion, and continues with an overview of activation policies for recipients of social assistance. Social assistance in Sweden developed in the 1980s in the direction of an income guarantee for all citizens. During the 1990s, policies have changed towards activation and control. The growth of the recipient population is described. Occasional receipt of social assistance has been rather common and not limited to extremely disadvantaged groups. Long-term and permanent receipt of social assistance has increased considerably during the 1990s, often in combination with a marginal labour market position, and without eligibility for social insurance, which is strongly work-related. The main direction of the process is problems of entry to the labour market rather than exclusion of the already established. Results on scope, duration and patterns of social assistance are presented and analysed in relation to the labour market and immigration. The city of Malmo is described and analysed as an example of a development towards increasing labour market marginalisation and long-term receipt of social assistance, with special attention to the disadvantaged and segregated areas of the city. This development has to large extent been determined by external factors as global economic change and migration. Activation programs are often proposed as a solution to these problems. Evaluation methods and results from effect evaluations of such programs are discussed in the last part of the work. Results from an evaluation of activation programs in Malmo are presented. According to the available evidence, such programs have quite modest effects on work and income and structural change is necessary to reduce social exclusion.
Comparative Analysis of Regression and Artificial Neural Network Models for Wind Turbine Power Curve Estimation

This paper examines and compares regression and artificial neural network models for the estimation of wind turbine power curves. First, characteristics of wind turb power generation are investigated. Then, models for turbine power curve estimation both regression and neural network methods are presented and compared. The para estimates for the regression model and training of the neural network are completed the wind farm data, and the performances of the two models are studied. The regre model is shown to be function dependent, and the neural network model obtains its curve estimation through learning. The neural network model is found to possess performance than the regression model for turbine power curve estimation under co cated influence factors. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1413216 #
Agreement between Self- and Clinician-Collected Specimen Results for Detection and Typing of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Specimens from Women in Gugulethu, South Africa

ABSTRACT We assessed the agreement in detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), as well as specific HPV types, between self- and clinician-obtained specimens for 450 women over 18 years of age attending a community health center in Gugulethu, South Africa. Both self-collected swabs and tampons had high agreement with clinician-obtained brushes when the Roche Reverse Line Blot Assay (RLBA) was used (for swabs, 86% concordance, with a kappa statistic [κ] of 0.71; for tampons, 89% concordance, with κ of 0.75). Agreement was lower, although still fair, with the Digene Hybrid Capture 2 test (HC2), with κ higher for swabs than for tampons (for swabs, 81% concordance, with κ of 0.61; for tampons, 82% concordance, with κ of 0.55). Low-risk HPV types were nearly two times more common in self-collected specimens than in clinician-collected specimens tested by RLBA. All 15 women diagnosed with high-grade lesions by cytology tested positive for high-risk HPV with clinician-collected specimens tested by RLBA and HC2, while 11 out of 15 tested positive with self-collected specimens by HC2 and 5 out of 6 tested positive by RLBA. Self-collected specimens can provide valid specimens for HPV testing using nucleic acid amplification tests, although a few cytological abnormalities may be missed.
Tyrannosauroid integument reveals conflicting patterns of gigantism and feather evolution

Recent evidence for feathers in theropods has led to speculations that the largest tyrannosaurids, including Tyrannosaurus rex, were extensively feathered. We describe fossil integument from Tyrannosaurus and other tyrannosaurids (Albertosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Gorgosaurus and Tarbosaurus), confirming that these large-bodied forms possessed scaly, reptilian-like skin. Body size evolution in tyrannosauroids reveals two independent occurrences of gigantism; specifically, the large sizes in Yutyrannus and tyrannosaurids were independently derived. These new findings demonstrate that extensive feather coverings observed in some early tyrannosauroids were lost by the Albian, basal to Tyrannosauridae. This loss is unrelated to palaeoclimate but possibly tied to the evolution of gigantism, although other mechanisms exist.