Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive role of psychological and demographic factors, marital satisfaction and level of education, a Communication Plan

Introduction: Couple education and its impact on marital satisfaction is seen as an important issue and sometimes challenging Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between level of education and marital satisfaction of Rezvanshahr city of Gilan province couples. Method : A cross-sectional study in a causal-comparative design was done on a sample of 100 people both men and women. (n=100) in 20016. For subject selection, random sampling was used, Due to the nature of research survey as the data collection method was used . And for data gathering Enrich questionnaire (response rate = 93%) and the educational demographic index checklist was used. As well as the data were analyzed by t-test and Pearson's correlation. Results : The data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between educational level and marital satisfaction of couples (r= 0.34, p <0.05). The results also revealed that there are significant differences between men and women in marital
Human Preferences in Industrial Human-Robot Interactions

Joint-action is one of the key research areas in robotics and especially important in physical human-robot interaction. The two main criteria for robots, which should be integrated in everyday life, are safety and efficiency. Therefore, it is of particular interest to understand how humans work together in order to transfer the resulting facts from these studies to direct human-robot interaction. In this work, we investigate a simple case of physical human-robot interaction, i.e. the handing over of small objects from a robot to the human. Experiments, in which six cubes were handed over from the robot to the human, were performend with two different robot systems, a robot arm in a humanoid set-up and a typical industrial set-up. Two different velocity profiles were integrated in the robot systems, a trapezoidal velocity profile in joint coordinates and a human inspired minimum jerk profile in cartesian coordinates. In both set-ups the use of the minimum jerk profile lead to shorter reaction times of the humans for the interaction. The humanoid setup showed with both profiles shorter reaction times than the industrial setup. It was also investigated in the experiments, whether the human body position adopts during the experiments to an optimal position for the hand-over. During the experiments the body spatial position stayed largely invariant, which indicates, that the subjects were not frightened and felt comfortable with the given hand over position. The result of our experiments along with the given comparison to natural human-human behaviour provides a solid basis for more efficiency of collaboration of humans and assistive robot systems.
Neuromuscular Activity Blockade Induced by Muscimol andd-Tubocurarine Differentially Affects the Survival of Embryonic Chick Motoneurons

To understand better how spontaneous motoneuron activity and intramuscular nerve branching influence motoneuron survival, we chronically treated chicken embryos in ovo with eitherd-tubocurarine (dTC) or muscimol during the naturally occurring cell death period, assessing their effects on activity by in ovo motility measurement and muscle nerve recordings from isolated spinal cord preparations. Because muscimol, a GABAA agonist, blocked both spontaneous motoneuron bursting and that elicited by descending input but did not rescue motoneurons, we conclude that spontaneous bursting activity is not required for the process of normal motoneuron cell death. dTC, which rescues motoneurons and blocks neuromuscular transmission, blocked neither spontaneous nor descending input-elicited bursting and early in the cell death period actually increased burst amplitude. These changes in motoneuron activation could alter the uptake of trophic molecules or gene transcription via altered patterns of [Ca2+]i, which in turn could affect motoneuron survival directly or indirectly by altering intramuscular nerve branching. A good correlation was found between nerve branching and motoneuron survival under various experimental conditions: (1) dTC, but not muscimol, greatly increased branching; (2) the removal of PSA from NCAM partially reversed the effects of dTC on both branching and survival, indicating that branching is a critical variable influencing motoneuron survival; (3) muscimol, applied with dTC, prevented the effect of dTC on survival and motoneuron bursting and, to a large extent, its effect on branching. However, the central effects of dTC also appear to be important, because muscimol, which prevented motoneuron activity in the presence ofdTC, also prevented the dTC-induced rescue of motoneurons.
Preadaptation and the puzzles and properties of pleasure.

Sensory pleasures derive primarily from the contact senses that cover the body surface and the body apertures. It is proposed that, by the processes of preadaptation and increased accessibility, the subjective and expressive aspect of this pleasure system is, in later evolution and development, extended to a wider range of pleasure elicitors, including aesthetic and mastery pleasures. Many basic principles of hedonic systems may be studied in the more primitive sensory pleasure system. These include the properties of context dependence and the mappings between remembered, experienced, and anticipated pleasures. Pleasure in the food domain is specifically considered, including the elicitors of pleasure, the role of context, and the acquisition of likes and dislikes (hedonic changes). Special attention is paid to hedonic reversals, in which innately negative sensory hedonic responses become positive (for example, the case of chili pepper). It is argued that on the input/appraisal side, basic sensory pleasures are qualitatively different from aesthetic pleasures (such as music), but that both feed into the same subjective/expressive system. Some basic features of sensory pleasures are listed.
Mid-Air Pointing on Ultra-Walls

Ultra-high resolution wall-sized displays (“ultra-walls”) are effective for presenting large datasets, but their size and resolution make traditional pointing techniques inadequate for precision pointing. We study mid-air pointing techniques that can be combined with other, domain-specific interactions. We first explore the limits of existing single-mode remote pointing techniques and demonstrate theoretically that they do not support high-precision pointing on ultra-walls. We then explore solutions to improve mid-air pointing efficiency: a tunable acceleration function and a framework for dual-precision (DP) techniques, both with precise tuning guidelines. We designed novel pointing techniques following these guidelines, several of which outperform existing techniques in controlled experiments that involve pointing difficulties never tested prior to this work. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of our techniques to help interaction designers choose the best technique according to the task and equipment at hand. Finally, we discuss the cognitive mechanisms that affect pointing performance with these techniques.
No Evidence of a Causal Relationship between Plasma Homocysteine and Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Background: Several observational studies have shown an association between increased circulating homocysteine and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to assess whether this relation is causal using genetic data from large populations of individuals of European descent. Methods: We investigated the association between homocysteine concentrations and blood glucose, plasma insulin, T2D in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort (n = 1,016). A score of five previously published single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genes involved in homocysteine metabolism were utilized as genetic instrument for homocysteine concentrations. The effect estimate of this genetic score with T2D was determined using results from the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium (including 34,840 cases and 114,981 controls). Further, the effects of the genetic score with fasting glucose and insulin were determined using results from the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC) (up to 38,238 non-diabetic participants). Results: The genetic score provided a strong instrument for homocysteine concentrations (P = 2.7 × 10−143, F = 650). In the PIVUS cohort, we found an association of homocysteine with fasting insulin [β = 0.056 (95% CI 0.021, 0.090), P = 0.001], but not with incident diabetes. We did not find any evidence of a causal effect of homocysteine on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, or T2D (P > 0.05 for all analyses) when using data from DIAGRAM or MAGIC studies. Conclusion: No evidence of a causal relationship of levels of plasma homocysteine with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, or T2D was observed.
Prevention of HIV in Lesotho’s apparel industry: A social work perspective

Lesotho has the third highest rate of HIV prevalence in the world. One of the factors accounting for this trend is thought to be ubiquitous labour migration in the country. This article uses data collected among migrant labour women in Maseru (N = 30) to investigate possible factors for the spread of HIV among them. A high rate of multiple concurrent sexual relationships, coupled with lack of commitment to condom use, was found among participants. This article proposes social action to pressure industry merchants to facilitate regular meetings of migrants with regular sexual partners.
Depth Reconstruction using Geometric Correction with Anaglyph Approach for Satellite Imagery

The Images obtained through remote sensing systems are not often sufficient for high precision applications due to various distortions. The distortions can be due to errors like geometric errors, etc. Also multi-date satellite images of the same area under different conditions are difficult to compare because of change in atmospheric propagation, sensor response and illuminations. Keeping these points in view, in this paper, we deal with the first phase of pre-processing and we make the satellite images free from such errors and use clustering techniques With Geometric Correction (WGC) and Without Geometric Correction (WOGC) applied to the satellite images using our proposed algorithm. Finally, the image is reconstructed with depth dimension/depth map generation for the anaglyph image for better interpretation of satellite imagery. We have made experimental analysis of our algorithm using suitable satellite images and found the results to be very encouraging.
Raman Spectroscopy on Semiconductor Nanowires

Keywords: nanowires ; raman spectroscopy ; polytypism ; selection rules Reference EPFL-CHAPTER-149092 URL: http://sciyo.com/articles/show/title/raman-spectroscopy-on-semiconductor-nanowires Record created on 2010-05-28, modified on 2017-05-10
Active Tension Network model of epithelial mechanics

It is now widely recognized that mechanical interactions between cells play a crucial role in epithelial morphogenesis, yet understanding the mechanisms through which stress and deformation affect cell behavior remains an open problem due to the complexity inherent in the mechanical behavior of cells and the difficulty of direct measurement of forces within tissues. Theoretical models can help by focusing experimental studies and by providing the framework for interpreting measurements. To that end, "vertex models" have introduced an approximation of epithelial cell mechanics based on a polygonal tiling representation of planar tissue. Here we formulate and analyze an Active Tension Network (ATN) model, which is based on the same polygonal representation of epithelial tissue geometry, but in addition i) assumes that mechanical balance is dominated by cortical tension and ii) introduces tension dependent local remodeling of the cortex, representing the active nature of cytoskeletal mechanics. The tension-dominance assumption has immediate implications for the geometry of cells, which we demonstrate to hold in certain types of Drosophila epithelial tissues. We demonstrate that stationary configurations of an ATN form a manifold with one degree of freedom per cell, corresponding to "isogonal" - i.e. angle preserving - deformations of cells, which dominate the dynamic response to perturbations. We show that isogonal modes account for approximately 90% of experimentally observed deformation of cells during the process of ventral furrow formation in Drosophila. Other interesting properties of our model include the exponential screening of mechanical stress and a negative Poisson ratio response to external uniaxial stress. We also provide a new approach to the problem of inferring local cortical tensions from the observed geometry of epithelial cells in a tissue
Porphyrin biosynthesis in human Barrett's oesophagus and adenocarcinoma after ingestion of 5-aminolaevulinic acid

5-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-induced porphyrin biosynthesis, which is used for ALA-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT), was studied in tissues of 10 patients with Barrett's oesophagus (BE) and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus (AC) undergoing oesophagectomy at a mean time interval of 6.7 h after the ingestion of ALA (60 mg kg–1). In BE, AC, squamous epithelium (SQ) and gastric cardia, the activities of the haem biosynthetic enzymes porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-D) and ferrochelatase (FC) and the PDT power index – the ratio between PBG-D and FC in BE and AC in comparison with SQ – were determined before ALA ingestion. Following ALA administration, ALA, porphobilinogen, uroporphyrin I and PPIX were determined in tissues and plasma. The PDT power index did not predict the level of intracellular accumulation of PPIX found at 6.7 h. In BE, there was no selectivity of PPIX accumulation compared to SQ, whereas in half of patients with AC selectivity was found. Higher haem biosynthetic enzyme activities (i.e. PBG-D) and lower PPIX precursor concentrations were found in BE and AC compared to SQ. It is therefore possible that PPIX levels will peak at earlier time intervals in BE and AC compared to SQ. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) enhances photodimer formation at methyl-CpG sites but suppresses dimer deamination

Spontaneous deamination of cytosine to uracil in DNA is a ubiquitous source of C→T mutations, but occurs with a half life of ∼50 000 years. In contrast, cytosine within sunlight induced cyclobutane dipyrimidine dimers (CPD's), deaminate within hours to days. Methylation of C increases the frequency of CPD formation at PyCG sites which correlate with C→T mutation hotspots in skin cancers. MeCP2 binds to mCG sites and acts as a transcriptional regulator and chromatin modifier affecting thousands of genes, but its effect on CPD formation and deamination is unknown. We report that the methyl CpG binding domain of MeCP2 (MBD) greatly enhances C=mC CPD formation at a TCmCG site in duplex DNA and binds with equal or better affinity to the CPD-containing duplex compared with the undamaged duplex. In comparison, MBD does not enhance T=mC CPD formation at a TTmCG site, but instead increases CPD formation at the adjacent TT site. MBD was also found to completely suppress deamination of the T=mCG CPD, suggesting that MeCP2 may have the capability to both suppress UV mutagenesis at PymCpG sites as well as enhance it.
THE DARK MATTER DISTRIBUTION IN A383: EVIDENCE FOR A SHALLOW DENSITY CUSP FROM IMPROVED LENSING, STELLAR KINEMATIC, AND X-RAY DATA

We extend our analyses of the dark matter (DM) distribution in relaxed clusters to the case of A383, a luminous X-ray cluster at z = 0.189 with a dominant central galaxy and numerous strongly lensed features. Following our earlier papers, we combine strong and weak lensing constraints secured with Hubble Space Telescope and Subaru imaging with the radial profile of the stellar velocity dispersion of the central galaxy, essential for separating the baryonic mass distribution in the cluster core. Hydrostatic mass estimates from Chandra X-ray observations further constrain the solution. These combined data sets provide nearly continuous constraints extending from 2 kpc to 1.5 Mpc in radius, allowing stringent tests of results from recent numerical simulations. Two key improvements in our data and its analysis make this the most robust case yet for a shallow slope β of the DM density profile ρDM ∝ r−β on small scales. First, following deep Keck spectroscopy, we have secured the stellar velocity dispersion profile to a radius of 26 kpc for the first time in a lensing cluster. Second, we improve our previous analysis by adopting a triaxial DM distribution and axisymmetric dynamical models. We demonstrate that in this remarkably well-constrained system, the logarithmic slope of the DM density at small radii is β < 1.0 (95% confidence). An improved treatment of baryonic physics is necessary, but possibly insufficient, to reconcile our observations with the recent results of high-resolution simulations.
Modelling the Epidemiological Impact of Intermittent Preventive Treatment against Malaria in Infants

Background Trials of intermittent preventive treatment against malaria in infants (IPTi) using sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) have shown a positive, albeit variable, protective efficacy against clinical malaria episodes. The impact of IPTi in different epidemiological settings and over time is unknown and predictions are hampered by the lack of knowledge about how IPTi works. We investigated mechanisms proposed for the action of IPTi and made predictions of the likely impact on morbidity and mortality. Methods/Principal Findings We used a comprehensive, individual-based, stochastic model of malaria epidemiology to simulate recently published trials of IPTi using SP with site-specific characteristics as inputs. This baseline model was then modified to represent hypotheses concerning the duration of action of SP, the temporal pattern of fevers caused by individual infections, potential benefits of avoiding fevers on immunity and the effect of sub-therapeutic levels of SP on parasite dynamics. The baseline model reproduced the pattern of results reasonably well. None of the models based on alternative hypotheses improved the fit between the model predictions and observed data. Predictions suggest that IPTi would have a beneficial effect across a range of transmission intensities. IPTi was predicted to avert a greater number of episodes where IPTi coverage was higher, the health system treatment coverage lower, and for drugs which were more efficacious and had longer prophylactic periods. The predicted cumulative benefits were proportionately slightly greater for severe malaria episodes and malaria-attributable mortality than for acute episodes in the settings modelled. Modest increased susceptibility was predicted between doses and following the last dose, but these were outweighed by the cumulative benefits. The impact on transmission intensity was negligible. Conclusions The pattern of trial results can be accounted for by differences between the trial sites together with known features of malaria epidemiology and the action of SP. Predictions suggest that IPTi would have a beneficial impact across a variety of epidemiological settings.
Homework and Achievement: Using Smartpen Technology to Find the Connection

There is a long history of research efforts aimed at understanding the relationship between homework activity and academic achievement. While some self-report inventories involving homework activity have been useful for predicting academic performance, self-reported measures may be limited or even problematic. Here, we employ a novel method for accurately measuring students’ homework activity using smartpen technology. Three cohorts of engineering students in an undergraduate statics course used smartpens to complete their homework problems, thus producing records of their work in the form of timestamped digitized pen strokes. Consistent with the time-on-task hypothesis, there was a strong and consistent positive correlation between course grade and time doing homework as measured by smartpen technology (r = .44), but not between course grade and self-reported time doing homework (r = −.16). Consistent with an updated version of the time-on-task hypothesis, there was a strong correlation between measures of the quality of time spent on homework problems (such as the proportion of ink produced for homework within 24 hr of the deadline) and course grade (r = −.32), and between writing activity (such as the total number of pen strokes on homework) and course grade (r = .49). Overall, smartpen technology allowed a fine-grained test of the idea that productive use of homework time is related to course grade.
On the Road to Heaven: Self-Selection, Religion, and Socioeconomic Outcomes

Correlation between religion and socioeconomic outcomes is observed in various contexts. In the Middle East, local non-Muslims are, on average, better off than the Muslim majority. I trace the origins of the phenomenon in Egypt to a historical process of self-selection across religions (based on socioeconomic status) that was motivated by an economic incentive: the imposition of the poll tax on non-Muslims upon the Islamic Conquest of the then-Coptic Christian Egypt in 640. The tax, which remained until 1855, led to the conversion of poor Copts to Islam to avoid paying the tax, and to the shrinking of Copts to a better off minority. Using new data sources that I digitized, including the 1848 and 1868 census manuscripts, I provide econometric evidence to support the hypothesis. I find that the spatial variation in poll tax enforcement in 640-900 and pre-Islamic attachment to Coptic Christianity, as measured by four historical proxies, predicts the Coptic population share in 1897. Consistent with the hypothesis predictions, the instrumented Coptic population share has a negative impact on the socioeconomic status for both Copts and Muslims, and on the Coptic-Muslim socioeconomic difference, particularly in rural Egypt, in 1848-68. I draw on a range of quantitative and qualitative evidence to support the underlying assumptions of the hypothesis and to examine the persistence of spatial and socioeconomic outcomes of Copts and Muslims.