Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spiritual Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse in Adult Christian Women

Long-term spiritual functioning in adult Christian women who had been sexually abused as children was the focus of this study. The Religious Status Inventory was completed by 75 women divided into three groups: 33 abused clinical subjects, 20 nonabused clinical subjects, and 22 nonabused nonclinical subjects. The abused group demonstrated significantly lower spiritual functioning than both of the other groups on the total score as well as on four of the eight subscales of the RSI. There were no significant differences between the nonabused clinical group and the nonclinical control group. It appears that sexual abuse adversely impacts spiritual functioning in three broad areas: a sense of being loved and accepted by God, a sense of community with others, and trust in God's plan and purpose for the future.
Bottleneck-based heuristic for re-entrant flow shop with two potential dominant machines

The problem illustrated in this paper is a special type of scheduling problem found in a re-entrant flow shop where two of its processes has high tendency of exhibiting bottleneck characteristics. The processes scheduling resembles a four machine permutation re-entrant flow shop with the process routing of M1,M2,M3,M4,M3,M4 where M1 and M4 have high tendency of being the dominant machines. Due to the re-entrant and permutation nature of the process routing, the actual bottlenecks were identified as M1 and combinations of M4+M3+M4. Two makespan algorithms using absolute bottleneck analysis were developed for the identified bottleneck categories. Each algorithm was only valid under several conditions identified as absolute bottleneck conditions. Using these conditions, a constructive heuristic was then developed to solve for near-optimal scheduling sequence. The heuristic performance was evaluated for small, medium and large job numbers using random data. For small job numbers, the heuristic results were compared with the optimum makespan generated from complete enumeration. For medium and large job numbers, the heuristic performance is measured by comparing its makespan with the one generated by the NEH. At strong M1 and M4+M3+M4 dominance level, this heuristic shows slightly better makespan performance compared to the NEH for problems with large job numbers. For smaller job numbers, NEH shows its superiority.
Automatic Recognition of Boredom in Video Games Using Novel Biosignal Moment-Based Features

This paper presents work conducted toward the biosignals-based automatic recognition of boredom, induced during video-game playing. For this purpose, common biosignal feature extraction methods were exploited and their capability to identify boredom was assessed. Moreover, for the first time, Legendre and Krawtchouk moments, as well as novel moment variations, were extracted as biosignal features and their potential toward automatic affect recognition was examined using the specific application scenario. The present analysis was conducted with ECG and GSR data collected from 19 different subjects, while boredom was naturally induced during the repetitive playing of a 3D video game. Conventional biosignal features as well as moment-based ones were found to be effective for the automatic recognition of boredom by achieving classification accuracies around 85 percent. Then, the joint use of moments and moment variations with conventional features was found to significantly improve classification accuracy by producing a maximum correct classification ratio of 94.17 percent.
The effect of interview recording on quality of data obtained: a methodological reflection.

AIMS This article reflects the author's experience of qualitative interviews during his research project. It attempts to highlight how recording interviews can affect data collection and data quality. BACKGROUND While recording helps researchers keep accurate records of interviews, which in turn assists them during their data analysis, its effect on data quality has not been clarified in nursing literature. DISCUSSION The research experience highlighted that interview participants, especially those involved in group interviews, were reluctant to give permission for recording and were less comfortable and more formal when being recorded. CONCLUSION The preparation for, and how the interview is carried out, can either reduce or further accentuate the effect of interviewing and recording on the participant. Therefore, appropriate strategies to reduce the effects should be implemented. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH/PRACTICE This article suggests strategies to minimise the effects of interviewing and recording of interviews on the participants and hence enhance the quality of data obtained.
Does transformational leadership encourage teachers’ use of digital learning materials

To gain insight into how to promote teachers’ use of digital learning materials (DLMs) in their pedagogical practices we adopted the Integrated Model of Behaviour Prediction to investigate the relationships between organizational and teacher-related variables. A representative sample of 772 teachers from primary, secondary or vocational education took part in a survey study. Conjectured combinations of direct and indirect relationships between the variables were tested for the best model fit with structural equation modelling. The results suggest that a model with mediating relations from leadership through information and communication technology (ICT) policy and professional development activities to the variables self-efficacy, attitude and social norm, combined with direct relations from leadership to the latter, has the best fit for predicting teachers’ intention to use DLMs.
Contextual cues associated with nicotine administration increase arc mRNA expression in corticolimbic areas of the rat brain

Conditioned responses to cues associated with the administration of drugs of misuse are an impediment to continued abstinence for drug‐free addicted individuals. In order to study the neuroanatomical and cellular response of the brain to cues associated with nicotine administration, we conditioned Sprague–Dawley rats to receive an ascending dose regimen of nicotine over 14 days in two distinct non‐home cage environments and assessed expression of the early response gene arc in corticolimbic areas in response to the nicotine‐associated context. All of the rats received the same dose regimen of nicotine. Three days after the last training day, the rats were exposed to the test environment. The rats that had previously received nicotine exhibited increased motor activity compared with the rats that had received saline in the test environment. After 45 min in the test environment, brains were taken for Northern blotting and in situ hybridization analysis, which revealed an increase in levels of activity‐regulated, dendritically localized mRNA for arc in a variety of brain regions (medial and lateral prefrontal cortices, cingulate cortex, primary sensory cortex, sensorimotor cortex, ventral striatum and amygdala). Plasma corticosterone levels were not different between the groups, suggesting that exposure to nicotine cues is insufficient to activate the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. Given that Arc plays a direct role in neuronal plasticity and memory consolidation, its induction by nicotine‐associated cues in brain regions critical for cognitive and emotional processing suggests that rats may be learning that these cues are no longer necessarily predictive of nicotine administration. Further work will be needed in order to assess the role of arc expression in the extinction of conditioned responses to drug‐paired cues.
Antibiotic and Antimalarial Selfmedication in Antananarivo, Madagascar

In order to assess prevalence and characteristics of antimicrobial self-medication in Antananarivo, Madagascar. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 101 patients in Department of Infectious Disease in the Academic Hospital Center of Antananarivo. Eighty-eight percent of patients had practiced self-medication whose 40% were employees of the primary sector. Antibiotic and antimalarial are used in 48% and 22%, respectively. Chloroquine is the most commonly used antimalarial while chloroquinoresistance is widespread in Madagascar. Amoxicillin was the most widely used antibiotic. The practice of selfmedication is related especially to the development of the illicit sale of drugs in Madagascar.
KOMPETENSI KEPEMIMPINAN INSTRUKSIONAL DI KALANGAN PENGETUA SEKOLAH : SATU KAJIAN EMPIRIKAL DI NEGERI SELANGOR

The principal leadership is a key indicator in school development and performance. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the influence of instructional leadership style in supervision field and curriculum that focus on capacity development competence in communication and teamwork areas. In addition, this study also examined the self-efficacy of school leadership mediator in the field of selfimprovement and self-management of school principals. This study involved the perspectives of 383 teachers from 55 secondary schools in Selangor, Malaysia towards their principal leadership. Data were analyzed using SEM aided program AMOS 21. The final results showed that partial mediation model was the best model fit that obtained the best goodness of fit which is (χ2/df = 4.663, CFI = 0.922, GFI = 0.778, TLI = 0914, NFI = 0.903, and RMSEA = 0.098) compared to the direct effect model of the findings which is (χ2/df = 5.319, CFI = 0.908, GFI = 0755, TLI = 0.899, NFI = 0.889, and RMSEA = 0.106). Meanwhile, the findings of the fully mediator model that referred to self-efficacy of school principals as a mediator were as follows (χ2/df = 4.838, CFI = 0918, GFI = 0772, TLI = 0.910, NFI = 0.899, and RMSEA = 0.100). Therefore, it can be concluded that the study findings clearly demonstrated self-efficacy of school leadership become a mediator variable in the relationship between instructional leadership and competency capacity development.
Hypertensive target organ damage predicts incident diabetes mellitus

Aims Whether patients with hypertensive preclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at higher risk of incident diabetes has never been studied. Methods and results We assessed incident diabetes in 4176 hypertensive non-diabetic patients (age 58.7 ± 8.9 years, 58% male) with ≥1 year follow-up (median: 3.57 years; inter-quartile range: 2.04–7.25). Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) was defined as LV mass index (LVMi) ≥51 g/m2.7. Carotid atherosclerosis (CA) was defined as intima-media thickness >1.5 mm. During follow-up, diabetes developed in 393 patients (9.4%), more frequently in those with than without initial LVH or CA (odds ratio = 1.97 and 1.67, respectively; both P < 0.0001). In the Cox regression, the presence of either initial LVH or CA was associated with higher hazard of diabetes [hazards ratio (HR) = 1.30 and 1.38, respectively; both P = 0.03], independently of the type and number of anti-hypertensive medications, initial systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), body mass index, fasting glucose, family history of diabetes (all P < 0.0001), and therapy with β-blockers. The presence of one of the, or both, markers of preclinical CVD increased the chance of incident diabetes by 63 or 64%, respectively (both P < 0.002), independently of significant confounders, a result that was confirmed (HR = 1.70 or 1.93, respectively; both P < 0.0001) using ATPIII metabolic syndrome (HR = 2.73; P < 0.0001) in the Cox model. Conclusion Initial LVH and CA are significant predictors of new onset diabetes in a large population of treated hypertensive patients, independently of initial metabolic profile, anti-hypertensive therapy, and other significant covariates. This sequence may be attributable to risk factors common to preclinical CVD and diabetes, but a vascular origin of diabetes cannot be excluded.
A role for PDGF-C/PDGFRα signaling in the formation of the meningeal basement membranes surrounding the cerebral cortex

ABSTRACT Platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) is one of three known ligands for the tyrosine kinase receptor PDGFRα. Analysis of Pdgfc null mice has demonstrated roles for PDGF-C in palate closure and the formation of cerebral ventricles, but redundancy with other PDGFRα ligands might obscure additional functions. In search of further developmental roles for PDGF-C, we generated mice that were double mutants for Pdgfc−/− and PdgfraGFP/+. These mice display a range of severe phenotypes including spina bifida, lung emphysema, abnormal meninges and neuronal over-migration in the cerebral cortex. We focused our analysis on the central nervous system (CNS), where PDGF-C was identified as a critical factor for the formation of meninges and assembly of the glia limitans basement membrane. We also present expression data on Pdgfa, Pdgfc and Pdgfra in the cerebral cortex and microarray data on cerebral meninges. Summary: Developmental expression of Pdgfc and Pdgfra is necessary for the development of meninges and the glia limitans basement membrane. Failure of these processes leads to neuronal over-migration.
RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM UNDULATIONS IN ACUTE STAGE OF VOGT-KOYANAGI-HARADA DISEASE: Biomarker for Functional Outcomes After High-Dose Steroid Therapy

Purpose: To determine the clinical significance of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) undulations in the acute stage of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Methods: Retinal pigment epithelium undulations were detected and classified into 3 grades: Grade 1, slight; Grade 2, moderate; and Grade 3, severe undulations, in the enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomographic images. The relationship between the clinical characteristics and the presence of RPE undulations was investigated. Results: Among the 61 eyes of 31 patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, 40 eyes had some degree of RPE undulations (Grade 1 = 12, Grade 2 = 15, and Grade 3 = 13). The patients with RPE undulations in both eyes were significantly older at the onset (P = 0.0002). The eyes with RPE undulations were more likely to develop posterior recurrences (P = 0.032) and have worse vision at 12 months (P = 0.043). Multiple regression analysis revealed that RPE undulations were an independent predictor of posterior recurrences (P = 0.009) and poor visual outcomes (P = 0.035). Conclusion: Retinal pigment epithelium undulations detected by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomographic are relatively frequent occurrences at the acute stage of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada, and their presence is a predictor of posterior recurrences and poor visual outcomes after high-dose steroid therapy.
Simulating macrocell-microcell handovers in 4G systems

Fourth Generation (4G) systems are expected to operate the global mobile network coverage area. They provide various services for different user types and their requirements. Vertical handovers occur between two layers of cells when a user is switched from one layer to the other. This paper details the influence of network parameters on vertical handover performance in a cell by simulating an overlapped macrocell-microcell environment. It considers handover requests entering a macrocell from a neighbor macrocell and from microcells of a different layer. We calculate various network performance parameters such as mean queue delay, handover dropping probability and channel utilization and compare the handover performance for macrocell and macrocell traffic. Our results demonstrate the influence of total channels, maximum queue size and handover request arrival rate on handover performance. They also show that the performance of each layer is similar in the case were the traffic from each layer is treated with equal priority in the system.
Results of an exercise to estimate the costs of interpersonal violence in Jamaica.

UNLABELLED This report describes the application of a draft version of the World Health Organization (WHO)/ United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Manual for estimating the economic costs of injuries due to interpersonal and self-directed violence to measure costs of injuries from interpersonal violence. METHODS Fatal incidence data was obtained from the Jamaica Constabulary Force. The incidence of nonfatal violence-related injuries that required hospitalization was estimated using data obtained from patients treated at and/or admitted to three Type A government hospitals in 2006. RESULTS During 2006, direct medical cost (J$2.1 billion) of injuries due to interpersonal violence accounted for about 12% of Jamaica's total health budget while productivity losses due to violence-related injuries accounted for approximately J$27.5 billion or 160% of Jamaica's total health expenditure and 4% of Jamaica's Gross Domestic Product. CONCLUSIONS The availability of accurate and reliable data of the highest quality from health-related information systems is critical for providing useful data on the burden of violence and injury to decision-makers. As Ministries of Health take a leading role in violence and injury prevention, data collection and information systems must have a central role. This study describes the results of one approach to examining the economic burden of interpersonal violence in developing countries where the burden of violence is heaviest. The WHO-CDC manual also tested in Thailand and Brazil is a first step towards generating a reference point for resource allocation, priority setting and prevention advocacy.
Survivin expression, HPV positivity and microvessel density in oropharyngeal carcinomas and relationship with survival time

Introduction Among head and neck cancers, those of the oral cavity and oropharynx are the second most prevalent following the larynx. This study aimed to research immunohistochemical expression of survivin, HPV positivity and microvessel density in tumors and their relationships with prognosis. Material and methods Pathological materials and demographic properties of 46 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Survivin, HPV and CD34 (for microvessel density evaluation) antibodies were applied tumoral tissues. Survival times, clinical stage and differentiation were evaluated. Results In univariate analysis, we observed that survivin, microvessel density and stage were significantly associated with survival time (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, only survivin and microvessel density were associated with survival time (p < 0.05). But we did not find significant correlation between neither tumor differentiation nor HPV positivity and survival (p > 0.05). Conclusions Survivin levels and microvessel density were found to be effective prognostic factors and were related to survival in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. Treatments targeting survivin expression and angiogenesis might be employed against these tumor groups.
Gene dosage and complementation analysis of the Shaker locus in Drosophila

Mutations of the Shaker (Sh) locus alter or eliminate a transient, voltage-sensitive potassium current, the “A” current, in flight muscle of Drosophila. We show that the amplitude of the A current is reduced when the dosage of Sh+ is lower than normal, but that A current amplitude does not increase as extra copies of Sh+ are added. We have also examined 14 Shaker mutants by voltage clamp and by intracellular recording at the larval neuromuscular junction. In 10 of these mutants there is no detectable fast component of the transient outward current. In each of these 10, however, a small, slowly inactivating, outward current is present. The 10 mutations null for the fast component of the transient, outward current are all partially dominant, giving 50–80% of the normal A current in Shnull/Sh+ heterozygotes. Because as little as 5% of the normal A current can be detected, complementation tests are feasible. The 10 null mutations are members of a single complementation group. The remaining 4 mutations have reduced A currents in pupal flight muscle. In all cases, crosses between these leaky mutants and null mutants give progeny with less A current than found in the leaky parental lines, as would be expected if the leaky and null mutations are in the same complementation group. For 1 of the mutations, ShrKO120, the mutant phenotype is much more severe in nerve than in muscle. That part of the Shaker locus required for the production of the A channel lies between the B55 and the V7 translocation breakpoints, in region 16F of the X chromosome.
Novel Nucleotide and Amino Acid Covariation between the 5′UTR and the NS2/NS3 Proteins of Hepatitis C Virus: Bioinformatic and Functional Analyses

Molecular covariation of highly polymorphic viruses is thought to have crucial effects on viral replication and fitness. This study employs association rule data mining of hepatitis C virus (HCV) sequences to search for specific evolutionary covariation and then tests functional relevance on HCV replication. Data mining is performed between nucleotides in the untranslated regions 5′ and 3′UTR, and the amino acid residues in the non-structural proteins NS2, NS3 and NS5B. Results indicate covariance of the 243rd nucleotide of the 5′UTR with the 14th, 41st, 76th, 110th, 211th and 212th residues of NS2 and with the 71st, 175th and 621st residues of NS3. Real-time experiments using an HCV subgenomic system to quantify viral replication confirm replication regulation for each covariant pair between 5′UTR243 and NS2-41, -76, -110, -211, and NS3-71, -175. The HCV subgenomic system with/without the NS2 region shows that regulatory effects vanish without NS2, so replicative modulation mediated by HCV 5′UTR243 depends on NS2. Strong binding of the NS2 variants to HCV RNA correlates with reduced HCV replication whereas weak binding correlates with restoration of HCV replication efficiency, as determined by RNA-protein immunoprecipitation assay band intensity. The dominant haplotype 5′UTR243-NS2-41-76-110-211-NS3-71-175 differs according to the HCV genotype: G-Ile-Ile-Ile-Gly-Ile-Met for genotype 1b and A-Leu-Val-Leu-Ser-Val-Leu for genotypes 1a, 2a and 2b. In conclusion, 5′UTR243 co-varies with specific NS2/3 protein amino acid residues, which may have significant structural and functional consequences for HCV replication. This unreported mechanism involving HCV replication possibly can be exploited in the development of advanced anti-HCV medication.
Rate-specific Entrainment of Harmonic Pitch: Effects of Music Training

Recent evidence indicates that synchronized brain oscillations in the low gamma range (∼33 Hz) are involved in the perceptual integration of harmonic complex tones. At this rate, reaction times (RTs) are faster to targets that are not harmonically related to the prime. In the current study, we investigated the presence of this rate-specific inharmonic pop-out in groups of musicians and nonmusicians. We found that rather than increasing the salience of inharmonic targets, 33-pps priming reduced the salience of harmonic targets. This effect was observed in nonmusicians only, suggesting that music training reduces the role of oscillatory coding mechanisms in the perceptual integration of harmonic information.
Three body problem

The problem is to determine the possible motions of three point masses \(m_1\ ,\) \(m_2\ ,\) and \(m_3\ ,\) which attract each other according to Newton's law of inverse squares. It started with the perturbative studies of Newton himself on the inequalities of the lunar motion[1]. In the 1740s it was constituted as the search for solutions (or at least approximate solutions) of a system of ordinary differential equations by the works of Euler, Clairaut and d'Alembert (with in particular the explanation by Clairaut of the motion of the lunar apogee). Much developed by Lagrange, Laplace and their followers, the mathematical theory entered a new era at the end of the 19th century with the works of Poincaré and since the 1950s with the development of computers. While the two-body problem is integrable and its solutions completely understood (see [2],[AKN],[Al],[BP]), solutions of the three-body problem may be of an arbitrary complexity and are very far from being completely understood.