Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Making of Sweden

In the first millennium CE trade and kinship networks linked Western Europe and Central Asia via Scandinavia and the Russian rivers. These networks broke down when the early states began to emerge in Scandinavia during the 11th and 12th centuries, concurrent with the Christianization of the far North. Two cultural fault-lines mark Nordic history – between Western and Eastern Christendom and between feudal and non-feudal societies – and make this region distinct from Russia and Germany. The Swedish state, with Finland as an integral part of the realm until the 19th century, was neither a composite monarchy, nor a feudal or despotic state. Sweden was one of the largest but also least populated countries in Europe. Its relative lack of resources led to unusual but efficient techniques of state-making demonstrated in two periods when Sweden was prominent in an all-European perspective: first as a Great Power (1620–1720) when it developed characteristics that did not appear elsewhere in Europe until the 20th century, and then during the rapid modernization that began around 1870. In this latter period there were five key junctures in the transition from the constitutional limbo and social democratic breakthroughs of the interwar period to the antinomies of present-day Sweden.
Impact of Psychological Rehabilitation Program on Self-Confidence Level and Competition Anxiety for Soccer Players of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

This study aims at setting up a psychological rehabilitation program for soccer players of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and to find out the impact of this program on self-confiden ce level and competition anxiety dimensions (cognitive -physical - confidence) to injured players. The researcher applied experimental method by using two groups (control and experimental). The sample included 8 of soccer players of (ACL) injury who were divided into two groups and he also used some tests to measure the functional state of injured knee to make sure of players' safety as control procedure, added to sports confidence test and competition anxiety state inventory. Most important results that the researcher could reach were that the proposed program impacted positively on improving self-confidence level, decreasing of cognitive and physical anxiety dimensions and increasing of confidence which is the positive dimension of sports competition anxiety.
Quebec young adults’ use of and knowledge of credit

This research aimed to study young adults’ use of and knowledge of credit. A large representative sample of Quebec young adults aged 18–29 years participated in a telephone survey. Results reveal that their use of credit has increased remarkably over the last decade. The mean score on the credit knowledge scale used in this study is 49.4% for the entire group. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis show that credit knowledge is positively related to personal income, number of debts, amount of total debt, number of credit cards and favourable attitude towards credit and debts. Young adults reporting either personal experience or family and relatives as their main source of learning about personal finances were found to have a lower level of knowledge about credit in general than those reporting having learned of this subject from courses, the media or financial counsellors. The learning of basic knowledge about credit and personal finances, with stress on the sensible use of credit, should be part of the educational agenda for young consumers.
Deceptive Realities

Deceptive interpersonal interactions are an ideal venue in which to examine the issue of reality. Interpersonal deception theory offers a framework for considering why deceivers (by convention called senders), coparticipants (i.e., targeted receivers), and observers arrive at discordant views of reality. Deceivers' ulterior motives lead them to construct through communication a version of reality contrary to what they hold to be true. Due to adherence to Gricean principles of cooperative discourse, conversational demands, and the nature of the relationship between participants, interlocutors as well as nonparticipative observers may be inclined to accept the alter reality created by senders rather than apprehend the “true” state of affairs. Recent research findings are reviewed, and original data from a pilot investigation of deception strategies are presented to illustrate ways in which senders may perpetrate deception and the extent to which receivers and observers recognize such machinations.
AN APPROACH TO OPTIMIZE REFERENCE GROUND CONTROL REQUIREMENTS FOR ESTIMATING LIDAR / IMU BORESIGHT MISALIGNMENT

LiDAR systems are complex multi-sensory systems and include at least three main sensors: GPS, IMU navigation sensors, and the laser-scanning device. High-performance integrated GPS/IMU systems provide the navigation solution for the LiDAR data acquisition platform, and therefore, the proper calibration, including individual and inter-sensor calibration, is a must to achieve the highest accuracy of the output data. Specifically regarding the boresight misalignment, the spatial relationship between the IMU body frame and the LiDAR body frame is of high importance as it could be the largest source of systematic errors in airborne MMS, and thus must be determined before the system can be effectively utilized. In this research, the feasibility of using urban areas for boresight misalignment is investigated. In particular, the impact of the building shape, size, distribution, etc. on the performance of the boresight misalignment process, is of interest. In this study, photogrammetrically restituted buildings were used as the reference surfaces, called ‘building-positions’ or ‘reference-positions’. The influence of the number of ‘building-positions’ and their distribution on the boresight’s misalignment parameter estimation is investigated and evaluated through QA/QC statistical tests. * Corresponding author
Effects of Elevated Intranasal Temperature on Subjective and Objective Findings in Perennial Rhinitis

The effects of elevated intranasal temperature on symptoms and signs of perennial rhinitis were studied in 78 patients by a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients were subjected to two treatments separated by a 1-week interval. Each treatment consisted of three 30-minute sessions, during which the patient's intranasal temperature was raised by inhalation of saturated hot air (42°C to 44°C). Subjective response was recorded on a daily symptom score card during the week following treatment. Nasal patency was determined before and after treatment by measuring maximal nasal expiratory and inspiratory airflow and by measuring the area covered with vapor formed by the exhaled air on a plate. Highly reproducible results were obtained by using these three objective methods. Elevation of intranasal temperature resulted in amelioration of rhinitis symptoms and in objective evidence of increased nasal patency in a significant percentage of patients compared to the placebo-treated group.
The effect of human resources practices on firm performance in India

The aim of the human resources function (management and development) in the organizational context is to ensure the availability of competent, motivated and learning employees to the firm to facilitate the achievement of its business objectives. The HR function has been quite successful in performing its role in terms of developing capacity, knowledge, attitude and skills of employees. However, in the recent past a shift has been taking place in the expected model role from both the HR function and the HR manager. This new role is that of active partner along with other functionaries like production, finance, marketing, etc., equal if not more important. Therefore, HR is no longer a passive function. This has two implications for the HR managers and practitioners. First, it will require the HR function and persons dealing with it to provide more inputs related to human resources at the strategy formulation level. Second, it will require HR to demonstrate that investment in human resources contributes to business results. However, there is a paucity of empirical work in our country to support the assertion that investments in HR have an impact on firm performance. It is in this context that the present study of eighty-four Indian firms was carried out to answer the question of whether investment in HR contributes to firm performance.
Type II Secretory Pathway for Surface Secretion of DraD Invasin from the Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Dr+ Strain

ABSTRACT The virulence of the uropathogenic Escherichia coli Dr+ IH11128 strain is associated with the presence of Dr fimbrial structures and a DraD invasin which can act as a fimbrial capping domain at the bacterial cell surface. However, a recent study suggests that the DraD protein is surface exposed in two forms: fimbria associated and fimbria nonassociated (prone to interaction with the N-terminal extension of the DraE protein located on the fimbrial tip). The actual mechanism of DraD surface secretion is presently unknown. We identified a previously unrecognized type II secretory pathway (secreton) in the uropathogenic E. coli Dr+ strain which is well conserved among gram-negative bacteria and used mainly for secretion of virulence determinants. An active secreton is composed of 12 to 15 different proteins, among which GspD functions as an outer-membrane channel to permit extrusion of proteins in a folded state. Therefore, we inactivated the pathway by inserting the group II intron into a gspD gene of the type II secretion machinery by site-specific recombination. DraD secretion by the E. coli Dr+ and gspD mutant strains was determined by immunofluorescence microscopy (with antibodies raised against DraD) and an assay of cell binding between bacteria and HeLa cells. The specificity of DraD-mediated bacterial binding for the integrin receptor was confirmed by examination of the adhesion of DraD-coated beads to HeLa cells in the presence and absence of α5β1 monoclonal antibodies. The investigations that we performed showed that type II secretion in E. coli Dr+ strains leads to DraD translocation at the bacterial cell surfaces.
Using Simultaneous Prompting to Teach Expressive Object Identification to Preschoolers with Developmental Delays

The present study evaluated whether or not the use of a simultaneous prompting procedure would result in an increase in the percentage of correct object naming behaviors when 3 preschool students with developmental delays were taught expressive object identification. Effectiveness of the procedure was assessed using a multiple probe design across behaviors and replicated across students. Results indicated that the procedure was effective in training expressive object identification to all subjects. Data indicated that, across all students, the acquired items maintained up to 3 weeks and generalized across persons and materials at high rates. No errors occurred during training sessions. An overall error percentage across all students and objects during daily probe sessions was approximately 4.0%. Future research issues are discussed.
Weaving Context Sensitivity into Test Suite Construction

Context-aware applications capture environmental changes as contexts and self-adapt their behaviors dynamically. Existing testing research has not explored context evolutions or their patterns inherent to individual test cases when constructing test suites. We propose the notation of context diversity as a metric to measure how many changes in contextual values of individual test cases. In this paper, we discuss how this notion can be incorporated in a test case generation process by pairing it with coverage-based test data selection criteria
Brace Success Is Related to Curve Type in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Background: Curve magnitude and skeletal maturity are important factors in determining the efficacy of bracing for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, but curve morphology may also affect brace success. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of curve morphology on the response to bracing with a thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO). Methods: A retrospective review of patients managed with an orthosis for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who were prospectively enrolled at the initiation of brace wear and followed through completion of bracing or surgery was performed. Inclusion criteria were main curves of 25° to 45° and a Risser stage of 0, 1, or 2 at the time of brace prescription. Compliance with bracing was measured with Maxim Integrated Thermochrons. Radiographs made at brace initiation, brace cessation, and final follow-up were used to retrospectively categorize curves with use of the modified Lenke (mLenke) classification system and more broadly to categorize them as main thoracic or main lumbar. The effect of morphology on outcome was evaluated using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Results: One hundred and sixty-eight patients were included. There was no difference in curve magnitude at the time of brace initiation (p = 0.798) or in average hours of daily brace wear (p = 0.146) between groups. The rate of surgery or progression of the curve to ≥50° was 34.5% (29 of 84) in mLenke-I curves, 54.5% (6 of 11) in mLenke-II curves, 29.4% (10 of 34) in mLenke-III curves, 17.6% (3 of 17) in mLenke-V curves, and 13.6% (3 of 22) in mLenke-VI curves. There were no mLenke-IV curves at the time of brace initiation. The rate of surgery or progression to ≥50° was 34.1% (44 of 129) in the combined thoracic group and 15.4% (6 of 39) in the combined lumbar group (p = 0.0277). In brace-compliant patients (>12.9 hours/day), the rate of surgery or progression to ≥50° was 30.3% (20 of 66) in main thoracic curves and 5.3% (1 of 19) in main lumbar curves (p = 0.0239). One-tenth of curves changed morphology during bracing. The rate of surgery or progression to ≥50° was 35.8% (43 of 120) in persistent main thoracic curves, 20.0% (6 of 30) in persistent main lumbar curves, 12.5% (1 of 8) in main thoracic curves that became main lumbar curves, and 0% (0 of 9) in main lumbar curves that became main thoracic curves (p = 0.0383). Conclusions: Thoracic curves are at greater risk for brace failure than lumbar curves are despite similar initial curve magnitudes and average amount of daily brace wear. A change in curve pattern may imply flexibility and is associated with brace success. Patients with thoracic curves should be counseled accordingly. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Bringing research into practice to intervene with young behaviorally challenging students in public school settings: Evaluation of the behavior consultation team (BCT) project

Increasingly, schools across the nation are encountering behaviorally challenging students entering primary grade classrooms. With this project, we sought to effectively intervene with such students within a public school setting using an empirically derived team approach adapted for use in an applied setting. The Behavioral Consultation Team (BCT) was developed utilizing the following components: (1) a prereferral intervention team approach, (2) behavioral consultation including functional behavioral assessment, (3) positive behavioral interventions, (4) frequent progress monitoring, and (5) a comprehensive method of program evaluation. Results indicated some resolution of the referral problem was achieved in 75% of the completed cases, and that successful and unsuccessful cases varied on elements related to acceptability and integrity. Further, qualitative data helped to inform program revision and identify important practical considerations in the provision of interventions for challenging students. Implications and future directions are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 537–551, 2005.
Henry et al. (2012) homing failure formula, assumptions, and basic mathematics: a comment

[Extract] In March 2012 Henry et al. published a paper that explored whether or not the consumption of thiamethoxam via nectar could be a causal factor of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) in honeybees. In the first part of their report, Henry et al. (2012) measured the homing success after "ecologically relevant" thiamethoxam exposure and compared it to non-thiamethoxam exposed, control homing rates [see Guez (2013) for a critique of this aspect of their work]. In the second part of their report, they applied their homing study results to the honeybee population dynamic model devised by Khoury et al. (2011), and from that they concluded that dietary thiamethoxam intoxication may potentially contribute to CCD. Khoury et al.'s (2011) model is build upon the hypothesis that colony failure occurs when bee death rate become unsustainable at the colony level, and the salient assumption that mortality within the hive is negligible. Khoury et al.'s (2011) model allows the evolution of the honeybee hive population to be projected over time. Model outputs are dependent on the total hive population (at the start, and then at any given time), the queen's egg laying rate (L), an eclosion rate that is directly dependent upon the hive population and modulated via the parameter w (the larger w the lower the eclosion rate), and the forager mortality rate or forager homing failure (m). In Khoury et al.'s (2011) model therefore, the population growth of the colony is controlled mainly by the parameters L and w [but see Cresswell and Thompson (2012) for a critique of the choice of w], whereas population decline is dependent on m, the forager mortality rate or forager homing failure.
Influence of alpha-CH-->NH substitution in C8-CoA on the kinetics of association and dissociation of ligands with medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.

We previously reported that the kinetic profiles for the association and dissociation of functionally diverse C(8)-CoA-ligands, viz., octanoyl-CoA (substrate), octenoyl-CoA (product), and octynoyl-CoA (inactivator) with medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), were essentially identical, suggesting that the protein conformational changes played an essential role during ligand binding and/or catalysis [Peterson, K. L. , Sergienko, E. E. , Wu, Y. , Kumar, N. R. , Strauss, A. W. , Oleson, A. E. , Muhonen, W. W. , Shabb, J. B. , and Srivastava, D. K. (1995) Biochemisry 34, 14942-14953]. To ascertain the structural basis of the above similarity, we investigated the kinetics of association and dissociation of alpha-CH-->NH-substituted C(8)-CoA, namely, 2-azaoctanoyl-CoA, with the recombinant form of human liver MCAD. The rapid-scanning and single wavelength stopped-flow data for the binding of 2-azaoctanoyl-CoA to MCAD revealed that the overall interaction proceeds via two steps. The first (fast) step involves the formation of an enzyme-ligand collision complex (with a dissociation constant of K(c)), followed by a slow isomerization step (with forward and reverse rate constants of k(f) and k(r), respectively) with concomitant changes in the electronic structure of the enzyme-bound FAD. Since the latter step involves a concurrent change in the enzyme's tryptophan fluorescence, it is suggested that the isomerization step is coupled to the changes in the protein conformation. Although the overall binding affinity (K(d)) of the enzyme-2-azaoctanoyl-CoA complex is similar to that of the enzyme-octenoyl-CoA complex, their microscopic equilibria within the collision and isomerized complexes show an opposite relationship. These results coupled with the isothermal titration microcalorimetric studies lead to the suggestion that the electrostatic interaction within the enzyme site phase modulates the microscopic steps, as well as their corresponding ground and transition states, during the course of the enzyme-ligand interaction.
Poor response to desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) in children with Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome

Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a common genetic disorder in Puerto Rico. In children with HPS, bleeding is the most disturbing and incapacitating problem. Desmopressin (1‐deamino‐8‐D‐arginine vasopressin, (DDAVP)) has been recommended in the management of bleeding disorders characterized by platelet dysfunction, such as HPS.
Violence Prevention in Georgia's Rural Public School Systems

ABSTRACT School superintendents in 60 public school systems in Georgia were surveyed to describe strategies being pursued to prevent school violence and promote a safe learning environment. Results from the present study were compared with results from a survey of superintendents conducted by one of the authors in 1995 to determine the extent of change in school violence prevention strategies. The primacy of safe schools is well recognized today following the shocking multiple student murders of Columbine and Red Lake. Descriptive data analysis suggests that violence prevention policies and procedures implemented in most public school systems in Georgia are deterring students from bringing weapons to school. Whereas superintendents surveyed in 1995 were split on whether school safety concerns were growing or staying at the same level, similar question in 2005 produced a modal response that safety concerns are staying the same. A comparative analysis reveals shifts in the use of technology and human resources, which documents change in superintendents' perceptions over the past decade.
Genetic ablation of a Maurer's cleft protein prevents assembly of the Plasmodium falciparum virulence complex

The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum assembles knob structures underneath the erythrocyte membrane that help present the major virulence protein, P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein‐1 (PfEMP1). Membranous structures called Maurer's clefts are established in the erythrocyte cytoplasm and function as sorting compartments for proteins en route to the RBC membrane, including the knob‐associated histidine‐rich protein (KAHRP), and PfEMP1. We have generated mutants in which the Maurer's cleft protein, the ring exported protein‐1 (REX1) is truncated or deleted. Removal of the C‐terminal domain of REX1 compromises Maurer's cleft architecture and PfEMP1‐mediated cytoadherance but permits some trafficking of PfEMP1 to the erythrocyte surface. Deletion of the coiled‐coil region of REX1 ablates PfEMP1 surface display, trapping PfEMP1 at the Maurer's clefts. Complementation of mutants with REX1 partly restores PfEMP1‐mediated binding to the endothelial cell ligand, CD36. Deletion of the coiled‐coil region or complete deletion of REX1 is tightly associated with the loss of a subtelomeric region of chromosome 2, encoding KAHRP and other proteins. A KAHRP–green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion expressed in the REX1‐deletion parasites shows defective trafficking. Thus, loss of functional REX1 directly or indirectly ablates the assembly of the P. falciparum virulence complex at the surface of host erythrocytes.
Computationally efficient techniques for data-driven haptic rendering

Data-driven haptic rendering requires processing of raw recorded signals, which leads to high computational effort for large datasets. To achieve real-time performance, one possibility is to reduce the parameter space of the employed interpolation technique, which generally decreases the accuracy in the rendering. In this paper, we propose a method for guiding this parameter reduction to maintain high accuracy with respect to the just noticeable difference for forces. To this end, we performed a user study to estimate this perception threshold. The threshold is used to assess the final error in the rendered forces as well as for the parameter reduction process. Comparison with measured data from real object interactions confirms the accuracy of our method and highlights the reduced computational effort.