Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunophenotyping and remodeling process in small airways of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: functional and prognostic significance

Background and Aims: To test whether different degrees of immunologic and fibrotic airway remodeling processes occur in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs), with impact on functional tests and survival, we studied the collagen/elastic system and immune cell density in the bronchiolar interstitium of lungs with the major types of IIPs.
Loss of DNA methylation and histone H4 lysine 20 trimethylation in human breast cancer cells is associated with aberrant expression of DNA methyltransferase 1, Suv4-20h2 histone methyltransferase and methyl-binding proteins

Cancer cells are characterized by epigenetic dysregulation, including global genome hypomethylation, regional hypo- and hypermethylation, altered histone modifications, and disturbed genomic imprinting. Despite the long-established fact that global DNA hypomethylation is a common feature of tumors, very little is known about evolution of this and other epigenetic alterations during tumor progression. The present study was undertaken to characterize the status of epigenetic dysregulation in three human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231(S30) that represent different stages of human breast cancer. Our data show that breast cancer cells are characterized by significant alterations in cellular epigenetic status compared to non- tumorigenic MCF-10-2A epithelial breast cells. Interestingly, more malignant MDA-MB- 231 human breast cancer cells have a more prominent loss of DNA methylation accompanied by altered expression of maintenance DNA methyltransferase DNMT1, methyl-binding proteins MeCP2 and MBD2, decreased trimethylation of lysine 20 of histone H4 and hyperacetylation of histone H4 compared to MCF-7 cells. The decrease in trimethylation of lysine 20 of histone H4 in MDA-MB-231 cells was accompanied by diminished expression of Suv4-20h2 histone methyltransferase. The results of present study demonstrate that MDA-MB-231 cells have more extensive epigenenic alterations than MCF-7. These results demonstrate that human breast cancer cells are characterized by prominent epigenetic alterations which are associated with increased malignant properties of cancer cells. Such epigenetic dysregulation may contribute to and may be indicative of the formation of a more aggressive tumor phenotype during tumor progression.
The Interpretation of Implicature: A Comparative Study between Implicature in Linguistics and Journalism

This study explores implicature as a pragmatic inference in some journalist texts. Content analysis has proved the existence of the inference in all types of news reporting. The study also reveals that implicature as a vital pragmatic element in the process of communication which bridges the gap between what is literally said and what is intentionally meant. Analysis of implicature has proved its importance to discourse analysis theories and the new English syllabi since it caters for what is said and what is understood in the process of communication. Sentence linguistics which has been used in school-classes since 1850 has been challenged by this pragmatic inference. That is, traditional grammar concentrated mainly on the structures of sentences and their internal systems. Implicature, however, employs the whole situation and it uses all the circumstances surrounding the utterance in order to really conceive the intended meaning of the producer of that utterance. Implicature as well plays a vital role in media language by bridging the gap between the different cultures. The paper shows this inference as a tool of cultural transfer and how far it can be harnessed as interdisciplinary system to illustrate linguistic pragmatic theory as well as explaining how media language works.
The representation of articulation in the primary sensorimotor cortex

Bilabial, alveolar and velar sounds are produced at different locations around the oral cavity. fMRI was used to localize cortical representation of articulation in seven healthy subjects during repetitive lip and vertical tongue movements as well as repetitive articulation of /pa/ (bilabial), /ta/ (alveolar), /ka/ (velar consonants) and a combination of all three in /pataka/. Centers of gravity (COG) analysis of fMRI activation in the primary motor (MI) and sensory cortex (SI) revealed /pa/- adjacent to lip representation and /ta/- articulation to tongue representation. The articulation of /pataka/ showed an activation pattern with a combination of the two MI/SI-components and additional activation in the supplementary motor area.
CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES IN A SOCIAL TRANSITION: THE SOUTH AFRICAN SEARCH FOR RECONCILIATIO

Every African society south of the Sahara has a long history of transmitting knowledge and human experience through the medium of oral tradition. This paper is on the function of oral traditions among the Arsi-Oromo of Ethiopia. Before the coming of Islam and Christianity, the Arsi were followers of Waaqeffannaa (belief in Sky God), the Oromo version of the African traditional religion. In the Arsiland, the Oromo traditional religion existed side by side with Islam, as the latter was mostly tolerant in the past. The indigenous Oromo religious traditions offered Islam an African feature. The cult of Sheikh Hussein of Bale is one quasi-Islamic tradition that has survived. The Arsi oral traditions are good sources about the nature of Waaqeffannaa and the cult of Sheikh Hussein. Based on the oral traditions of the Arsi and other African societies, the writer concluded that in Africa the function of oral traditions is in constant fl ux. In addition to replicating the past experiences of the society, African oral traditions serve also as mediums to provide self-conscious commentary on the patterns of life in their societies. Another conclusion is that the homology or dialectical unity between oral art and its social function is contextually determined.
Unified Compressive Sensing Framework For Simultaneous Acquisition With Primary Estimation

The central promise of simultaneous acquisition is a vastly improved crew efficiency during acquisition at the cost of additional post-processing to obtain conventional source-separated data volumes. Using recent theories from the field of compressive sensing, we present a way to systematically model the effects of simultaneous acquisition. Our formulation form a new framework in the study of acquisition design and naturally leads to an inversion-based approach for the separation of shot records. Furthermore, we show how other inversion-based methods, such as a recently proposed method from van Groenestijn and Verschuur (2009) for primary estimation, can be processed together with the demultiplexing problem to achieve a better result compared to a separate treatment of these problems.
Quality of life in cardiovascular patients in iran and factors affecting it: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases are always one of the major causes of mortality in the world affecting all aspects of patients' lives. Therefore, this study was conducted to summarize and provide a clear view of quality of life in these patients in Iran through a systematic review on the results of previously conducted studies. METHODS In a systematic review, required information was collected by searching keywords of Iran, quality of life, heart failure, cardiac, heart, and their Persian equivalents in databases of Science Direct, Pubmed, IRAN doc, SID, Medlib and Magiran. The selected time period for searching articles was since 2000 to 2012. Inclusion criteria were: releasing of article during 2000 to 2012, articles reporting patients' quality of life in any domains of heart diseases, and articles published in Persian and English. Extracted results first were summarized in Extraction Table, and then analyzed manually. RESULTS Finally 18 of 1592 found articles were included in the study. A total of 3,797 cardiac patients' quality of life was measured using six different tools, the most important one of which was SF36 questionnaire. Among eight dimensions of SF36 questionnaire, the highest mean was for social role functioning with average score of 58.37 and the lowest for physical limitation (physical role functioning) with score of 42.95. Overall, mean of eight dimensions was 53.19. Among 4 general domains of quality of life, physical activity had the lowest average of 43.63 and average of general dimensions of quality of life was 47.65. The most important factors affecting quality of life were sex, age, education, marital status, occupational status, suffering duration, number of hospitalizations etc. CONCLUSION The results of the studies showed relatively low quality of life of cardiovascular patients in general. Therefore, according to the introduced effective factors in this study, it is necessary to consider regular programs for improving quality of life in these patients and providing suitable and qualitative services.
An Experimental Approach to Social Capital in South Africa

This paper measures the social capital of trust and trustworthiness in South Africa using an experimental protocol designed to distinguish these norms from altruism. Experimental participants played multiple roles, making it impossible to construct theoretically-grounded norm measures based on an individual's play across roles. Two-stage estimates of a social interaction model of norms identifies the presence of endogenous social effects, indicating that communities can be meaningfully typified as having and maintaining distinct normative environments. However, in contrast to studies that rely on less direct social capital measures, we do not find that trust boosts mean household living standards when controlling for the endogeneity of norms.
Tobacco use in India: prevalence and predictors of smoking and chewing in a national cross sectional household survey

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and the socioeconomic and demographic correlates of tobacco consumption in India. Design: Cross sectional, nationally representative population based household survey. Subjects: 315 598 individuals 15 years or older from 91 196 households were sampled in National Family Health Survey-2 (1998–99). Data on tobacco consumption were elicited from household informants. Measures and methods: Prevalence of current smoking and current chewing of tobacco were used as outcome measures. Simple and two way cross tabulations and multivariate logistic regression analysis were the main analytical methods. Results: Thirty per cent of the population 15 years or older—47% men and 14% of women—either smoked or chewed tobacco, which translates to almost 195 million people—154 million men and 41million women in India. However, the prevalence may be underestimated by almost 11% and 1.5% for chewing tobacco among men and women, respectively, and by 5% and 0.5% for smoking among men and women, respectively, because of use of household informants. Tobacco consumption was significantly higher in poor, less educated, scheduled castes and scheduled tribe populations. The prevalence of tobacco consumption increased up to the age of 50 years and then levelled or declined. The prevalence of smoking and chewing also varied widely between different states and had a strong association with individual’s sociocultural characteristics. Conclusion: The findings of the study highlight that an agenda to improve health outcomes among the poor in India must include effective interventions to control tobacco use. Failure to do so would most likely result in doubling the burden of diseases—both communicable and non-communicable—among India’s teeming poor. There is a need for periodical surveys using more consistent definitions of tobacco use and eliciting information on different types of tobacco consumed. The study also suggests a need to adjust the prevalence estimates based on household informants
Membrane fusion process of Semliki Forest virus. I: Low pH-induced rearrangement in spike protein quaternary structure precedes virus penetration into cells

The Semliki Forest virus (SFV) directs the synthesis of a heterodimeric membrane protein complex which is used for virus membrane assembly during budding at the surface of the infected cell, as well as for low pH-induced membrane fusion in the endosomes when particles enter new host cells. Existing evidence suggests that the E1 protein subunit carries the fusion potential of the heterodimer, whereas the E2 subunit, or its intracellular precursor p62, is required for binding to the nucleocapsid. We show here that during virus uptake into acidic endosomes the original E2E1 heterodimer is destabilized and the E1 proteins form new oligomers, presumably homooligomers, with altered E1 structure. This altered structure of E1 is specifically recognized by a monoclonal antibody which can also inhibit penetration of SFV into host cells as well as SFV-mediated cell-cell fusion, thus suggesting that the altered E1 structure is important for the membrane fusion. These results give further support for a membrane protein oligomerization- mediated control mechanism for the membrane fusion potential in alphaviruses.
What characteristics do service users with intellectual disability value in direct support staff within residential forensic services?

Abstract Background This study explores the perceptions of a group of adults with intellectual disability regarding direct support staff. Method Semi-structured interviews relating to experiences of direct support staff were developed from two focus groups. These interviews were conducted with 11 adults with intellectual disability residing within a forensic inpatient service. Results Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) revealed two superordinate themes; namely, staff relationship factors and positive and negative attributes of staff. The participants valued relationships with staff based on qualities such as honesty, trust, and a caring, nurturing manner that enabled individuals to feel safe. Staff characteristics such as immaturity, inexperience, and a short temper appeared to lead to feelings of discontentment amongst the participants. Conclusions The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to clinical practice, staff recruitment, and training.
Effects of rational emotive occupational health therapy intervention on the perceptions of organizational climate and occupational risk management practices among electronics technology employees in Nigeria

Background: Improving employees’ perception of organizational climate, and coaching them to remain steadfast when managing occupational risks associated with their job, might have an important effect on their psychosocial wellbeing and occupational health. This study examined the effects of a rational emotive occupational health therapy intervention program on the perceptions of organizational climate and occupational risk management practices. Methods: The participants were 77 electronics technology employees in the south-east of Nigeria. The study used a pretest–posttest control group design. Results: The rational emotive occupational health therapy intervention program significantly improved perceptions of the organizational climate for the people in the treatment group compared to those in the waitlist control group at post-intervention and follow-up assessments. Occupational risk management practices of the employees in the treatment group were also significantly better than those in the waitlist control group at the same 2 assessments. Conclusions: Corporate application of a rational emotive behavior therapy as an occupational health therapy intervention program is essential for improving the perceptions of organizational climate and promoting the adoption of feasible occupational risk management strategies in the workplace.
Inverse and implicit function theorems for H-differentiable and semismooth functions

In this article, we prove inverse and implicit function theorems for H-differentiable functions, thereby giving a unified treatment of such theorems for C 1-functions, PC 1-functions, and for locally Lipschitzian functions. We also derive inverse and implicit function theorems for semismooth functions.
Regional Patterns of Ecosystem Services in Cultural Landscapes

European agricultural landscapes have been shaped by humans to produce marketable private goods such as food, feed, fiber and timber. Land-use intensification to increase provisioning services in such productive landscapes alters the capacity of ecosystems to supply other services (often public goods and services) that are also vital for human wellbeing. However, the interactions, synergies and trade-offs among ecosystem services are poorly understood. We assessed the spatial distribution of the services carbon storage, sediment regulation, water yield, crop production, timber supply, and outdoor recreation in the counties Wetterau and Vogelsberg (Hesse, Germany). These counties represent a gradient from intensive arable land use to more extensive mixed land use systems with domination of grassland and forests. Spatially explicit models were used to map the location and quantity of service supply. We addressed the following questions: (1) Where are areas of high and low supply of individual and multiple ecosystem services? (2) Where do the strongest trade-offs and synergies between different services occur? Our results show a pronounced spatial aggregation of different ecosystem services, with locations where at least four services are being supplied at high levels occupying only 5% of the landscape. Indicators for water provision, timber supply, carbon storage, erosion control, and outdoor recreation are positively related to each other, but this relationship is influenced by the trade-offs associated with the ecosystem service food production. Optimization of ecosystem services at the landscape scale has to take these patterns into account.
Neighborhood Social Capital and Social Learning for Experience Attributes of Products

Social learning can occur when information is transferred from existing customers to potential customers. It is especially important when the information that is conveyed pertains to experience attributes, i.e., attributes of products that cannot be fully verified prior to the first purchase. Experience attributes are prevalent and salient when consumers shop through catalogs, on home shopping networks, and over the Internet. Firms therefore employ creative and sometimes costly methods to help consumers resolve uncertainty; we argue that uncertainty can be partially resolved through social learning processes that occur naturally and emanate from local neighborhood characteristics. Using data from Bonobos, a leading U.S. online fashion retailer, we find not only that local social learning facilitates customer trial but also that the effect is economically important because about half of all trials were partially attributable to it. Merging data from the Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey, we find that neighborhood social capital, i.e., the propensity for neighbors to trust each other and communicate with each other, enhances the social learning process and makes it more efficient. Social capital does not operate on trials directly; rather, it improves the learning process and therefore indirectly drives sales when what is communicated is favorable.
Sources of Flexibility in Human Cognition: Dual-Task Studies of Space and Language

Under many circumstances, children and adult rats reorient themselves through a process which operates only on information about the shape of the environment (e.g., Cheng, 1986; Hermer & Spelke, 1996). In contrast, human adults relocate themselves more flexibly, by conjoining geometric and nongeometric information to specify their position (Hermer & Spelke, 1994). The present experiments used a dual-task method to investigate the processes that underlie the flexible conjunction of information. In Experiment 1, subjects reoriented themselves flexibly when they performed no secondary task, but they reoriented themselves like children and adult rats when they engaged in verbal shadowing of continuous speech. In Experiment 2, subjects who engaged in nonverbal shadowing of a continuous rhythm reoriented like nonshadowing subjects, suggesting that the interference effect in Experiment 1 did not stem from general limits on working memory or attention but from processes more specific to language. In further experiments, verbally shadowing subjects detected and remembered both nongeometric information (Experiment 3) and geometric information (Experiments 1, 2, and 4), but they failed to conjoin the two types of information to specify the positions of objects (Experiment 4). Together, the experiments suggest that humans' flexible spatial memory depends on the ability to combine diverse information sources rapidly into unitary representations and that this ability, in turn, depends on natural language.
Shokuiku: Governing Food and Public Health in Contemporary Japan

This paper examines the issue of public health governance in a globalized context through the lens of nutrition policy in contemporary Japan. I focus upon the case of shokuiku (food education), institutionalized in the 2005 national-level Basic Law on Food Education. First, I consider the emergence of shokuiku within the context of recent public health policy developments, specifically, a shift towards a decentralized and personalized view of public health in Japan. Second, I examine the policy discourses around shokuiku and how they convey the relationships between food and public health. These discourses centre upon the notion of a healthy and traditional Japanese food culture practiced in the home, only recently interrupted by modernity. When presented within a health promotion framework focused upon lifestyle diseases, such ideas can enable and reinforce neoliberal approaches to public health and food security where the locus of governing authority lies largely outside the state.
Embedding Word Similarity with Neural Machine Translation

Neural language models learn word representations, or embeddings, that capture rich linguistic and conceptual information. Here we investigate the embeddings learned by neural machine translation models, a recently-developed class of neural language model. We show that embeddings from translation models outperform those learned by monolingual models at tasks that require knowledge of both conceptual similarity and lexical-syntactic role. We further show that these effects hold when translating from both English to French and English to German, and argue that the desirable properties of translation embeddings should emerge largely independently of the source and target languages. Finally, we apply a new method for training neural translation models with very large vocabularies, and show that this vocabulary expansion algorithm results in minimal degradation of embedding quality. Our embedding spaces can be queried in an online demo and downloaded from our web page. Overall, our analyses indicate that translation-based embeddings should be used in applications that require concepts to be organised according to similarity and/or lexical function, while monolingual embeddings are better suited to modelling (nonspecific) inter-word relatedness.