Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Watching Online Videos at Work: The Role of Positive and Meaningful Affect for Recovery Experiences and Well-Being at the Workplace

This study extends research on the relationship between hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment and its potential for recovery experiences and aspects of well-being (e.g., Rieger, Reinecke, Frischlich, & Bente, 2014). With the broad notion of what hedonic and eudaimonic media can entail, this research focused on unique affective experiences—namely, positive affect—and an expanded concept of meaningful affect (including elevation and gratitude). An online experiment with 148 full-time employees in the United States was conducted to investigate the unique role of positive and meaningful affect eliciting YouTube videos (compared to neutral control video) on recovery experiences and vitality and work satisfaction in the work context. A path model suggests that meaningful videos predicted mastery recovery experiences, whereas positive affect predicted psychological detachment and relaxation experiences. In addition, mastery recovery experiences predicted vitality, whereas relaxation experiences predicted satisfaction with work, indicating a unique potential of the consumption of meaningful and positive affect inducing YouTube videos at work for workplace well-being.
Approximating optimal point configurations for multivariate polynomial interpolation

Efficient and effective algorithms are designed to compute the coordinates of nearly optimal points for multivariate polynomial interpolation on a general geometry. “Nearly optimal” refers to the property that the set of points has a Lebesgue constant near to the minimal Lebesgue constant with respect to multivariate polynomial interpolation on a finite region. The proposed algorithms range from cheap ones that produce point configurations with a reasonably low Lebesgue constant, to more expensive ones that can find point configurations for several two-dimensional shapes which have the lowest Lebesgue constant in comparison to currently known results.
A high-quality mentalization-based group therapy session

A previous study of a MBT group displayed that the therapists failed to establish the group as a training ground for mentalizing. In this study we present a detailed and long transcript of a sequence in a successful MBT group. The therapists’ interventions were rated according to the mentalization-based group therapy adherence and quality scale, performed by the Norwegian MBT Quality Laboratory. The therapists displayed a high adherence to the MBT-G manual and the patients became collectively engaged in exploring and reflecting upon crucial borderline dynamics. The interventions that seemed most important for unfolding of the sequence are carefully spelled out. They have a metacognitive flavour, but are elsewise simple and straight forward. There seems to be nothing essentially new in this MBT-G approach, if one asks for specific ingredients. However, the therapeutic stance is consequently geared towards exploration of mental states, guided by a certain theory. One might say that it represents a more modern mixture of ingredients that are well known in different research and group therapy camps.
Features of Optimally Motivating College Classrooms: Perspectives of Preservice Teachers

The primary objective of this mixed methods study was to explore the parameters of college students' perspectives on classroom learning environments. Specifically, the investigation sought to identify and describe the relevant features of the college classroom context that undergraduate students distinguished as promoting and supporting academic motivation at one four-year postsecondary institution. Secondarily, the study sought to examine the extent to which there was an association between the achievement goals students endorsed and their perspectives concerning the motivating features of the classroom learning environment. The nonprobability purposeful sample of undergraduate students consisted of 122 preservice teachers who were attending a small, private four­ year East Coast university. A questionnaire containing 12 likert-type items and two open-ended questions was administered during the tenth and eleventh weeks of the Fall 2006 semester. Respondents' personally endorsed achievement goals were computed by scoring their responses to the likert-type items. Reponses to the open-ended questions were coded and categorized to reveal the features of the classroom learning environment that preservice teachers viewed as having the greatest positive and negative influence on their level of academic motivation. A total of eleven thematic categories emerged from the inductive analysis of preservice teachers' responses to the two open-ended survey questions. Analysis of responses to the achievement goals measures revealed that preservice teachers pursued mastery-approach goals the most, followed by performance­ approach goals, then followed by mastery-avoidance goals. Preservice teachers reported pursuing performance-avoidance goals the least. The series of Pearson chi-square
Embedding Defeasible Logic Programs into Generalized Logic Programs

A novel argumentation semantics of defeasible logic programs (DeLP) is presented. Our goal is to build a semantics, which respects existing semantics and intuitions of “classical” logic programming. Generalized logic programs (GLP) are selected as an appropriate formalism for studying both undermining and rebutting. Our argumentation semantics is based on a notion of conflict resolution strategy (CRS), in order to achieve an extended flexibility and generality. Our argumentation semantics is defined in the frame of assumption-based framework (ABF), which enables a unified view on different non-monotonic formalisms. We present an embedding of DeLP into an instance of ABF. Consequently, argumentation semantics defined for ABF are applicable to DeLP. Finally, DeLP with CRS is embedded into GLP. This transformation enables to commute argumentation semantics of a DeLP via semantics of the corresponding GLP.
The Role of Institutions in Determining Formal-Informal Earnings Dierentials: Panel Data Evidence from South Africa

In South Africa poverty is a function of lack of formal sector employment, where wages can exceed those in informal employment by a factor of twelve. Cross section data shows that observable human capital, while important, fails to explain a very substantial part of this dierence. In this paper the KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study (KIDS), a relatively long panel, is used to investigate two dimensions of formality and informality - public relative to private sector employment, both wage and self-employment, and unionisation as sources of these dierentials. We nd that once unobserved heterogeneity is allowed for there is still a highly signicant, 60 per cent, dierential for being in the public rather than the private sector while the union premium in the private sector is much smaller, about 15 per cent, and not signicantly dierent from zero. There is no dierential between private regular wage employment and self-employment. These results are robust to corrections for attrition. They also suggest that policy needs to focus, not on the harm unions do to employment creation through raising wages, but the limits high public sector wages impose on the ability of the private sector to create more, but lower paying, jobs.
Automated detection of follow-up appointments using text mining of discharge records.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether text mining can accurately detect specific follow-up appointment criteria in free-text hospital discharge records. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Mayo Clinic Rochester hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Inpatients discharged from general medicine services in 2006 (n = 6481). INTERVENTIONS Textual hospital dismissal summaries were manually reviewed to determine whether the records contained specific follow-up appointment arrangement elements: date, time and either physician or location for an appointment. The data set was evaluated for the same criteria using SAS Text Miner software. The two assessments were compared to determine the accuracy of text mining for detecting records containing follow-up appointment arrangements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Agreement of text-mined appointment findings with gold standard (manual abstraction) including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV). RESULTS About 55.2% (3576) of discharge records contained all criteria for follow-up appointment arrangements according to the manual review, 3.2% (113) of which were missed through text mining. Text mining incorrectly identified 3.7% (107) follow-up appointments that were not considered valid through manual review. Therefore, the text mining analysis concurred with the manual review in 96.6% of the appointment findings. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 96.8 and 96.3%, respectively; and PPV and NPV were 97.0 and 96.1%, respectively. ANALYSIS of individual appointment criteria resulted in accuracy rates of 93.5% for date, 97.4% for time, 97.5% for physician and 82.9% for location. CONCLUSION Text mining of unstructured hospital dismissal summaries can accurately detect documentation of follow-up appointment arrangement elements, thus saving considerable resources for performance assessment and quality-related research.
Which Perceptions Do We Have Related to Our Rights as Child? Child Rights from the Perspective of Primary School Students

This study was carried out with the goal of investigation of perceptions and views which are related to children’s rights of forth grade primary school students. The research was designed properly to qualitative research approach. This research was made with 156 4th grade students. In determining of the research group, criterion sampling technique was used. In the process of getting research data, survey form, written documents and semi-structured interview form were used. The research data were analyzed with content analysis method. As a result of research, it was determined that children indicated that they have some rights such as have adequate nutrition, be respected by everyone, play games, feel being loved and attract attention, have fun and get qualified education. On the other hand, some rights such as make decisions and choices independently on issues related to self, live, shelter, protect themselves from all kinds of danger and get information are expressed by participants more less than other rights. In addition to this, it was determined that some responsibilities are perceived as rights by children. Consequently, it was determined that the children have not adequate awareness about own rights. Depending on the research results it was suggested that awareness and perceptions of students related to own rights should improved with qualified and entertaining children’s rights education.
Network of sexual contacts and sexually transmitted HIV infection in Burkina Faso

Two thirds of the people who have been infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the world live in Sub‐Saharan African countries. The results of a study measuring the degree distribution of the network of sexual contacts in Burkina Faso are described. Such a network is responsible for the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, and in particular of HIV. It has been found that the number of different sexual partners reported by males is a power law distribution with an exponent γ = 2.9 (0.1). This is consistent with the degree distribution of scale‐free networks. On the other hand, the females can be divided into two groups: the prostitutes with an average of 400 different partners per year, and females with a stable partner, having a rapidly decreasing degree distribution. Such a result may have important implications on the control of sexually transmitted diseases and in particular of HIV. Since scale‐free networks have no epidemic threshold, a campaign based on prevention and anti‐viral treatment of few highly connected nodes can be more successful than any policy based on enlarged but random distribution of the available anti‐viral treatments. J. Med. Virol. 78:724–729, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards a life-history-based management framework for the effects of flow on juvenile salmonids in streams and rivers

Salmonid fishes have complex life cycles involving major changes in habitat requirements at different stages in their life history. Effects of changes in flow and flow regime on salmonids are therefore highly stagespecific. Successful management requires consideration of stage-specific influences and integration of these effects over the entire life history to predict ultimate impacts on abundance and population viability. The state of science regarding stage-specific influences of flow regime on juvenile salmonids and their habitats, referring specifically to fundamental attributes of natural regimes and to characteristic alterations of these regimes associated with water management, is reviewed. It appears that a key consideration in integrating the stage-specific impacts of flow is the extent to which flow-related losses or gains early in ontogeny can be compensated by increased growth or survival later in juvenile life history. Further, fundamental interactions between flow and water temperature must be incorporated into the robust models ultimately required for science-based management. In the absence of such models and data, the current state of science may be sufficient to target specific aspects of flow regimes that are critical to multiple life-history stages, which can then serve as a basis for interim flow prescriptions and subsequent adaptive management.
BDELLOIDEA / MONOGONONTA ABUNDANCE RATIO : A POSSIBLE MEASURE OF THE RELATION OF STREAM ROTIFERS TO FLOW VELOCITY ?

I studied a relation of bdelloid and monogonont rotifers to flow velocity in three different streams. My attention was focused at two stream mesohabitats – clumps of an aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. and a surface layer of the surrounding mineral substrate. Monogononta (of order Ploima) were confirmed to be incapable to withstand higher flow velocities while Bdelloidea did not exhibit any clear relationship with current. Introduced B/M ratio (= Bdelloidea/Monogononta abundance ratio) was strongly positively dependent on flow velocity in the moss. In mineral substrata no relation of this ratio to flow velocity was found, yet further investigation would be necessary. Monogonont rotifers seem to be more affected by flow velocity in clumps of Fontinalis antipyretica than in the surrounding mineral bed. The role of stream bryophytes as a flow refugium is questionable, at least for rotifers.
Genomic data analysis in tree spaces

Recently, an elegant approach in phylogenetics was introduced by Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann that allows a systematic comparison of different evolutionary histories using the metric geometry of tree spaces. In many problem settings one encounters heavily populated phylogenetic trees, where the large number of leaves encumbers visualization and analysis in the relevant evolutionary moduli spaces. To address this issue, we introduce tree dimensionality reduction, a structured approach to reducing large phylogenetic trees to a distribution of smaller trees. We prove a stability theorem ensuring that small perturbations of the large trees are taken to small perturbations of the resulting distributions. We then present a series of four biologically motivated applications to the analysis of genomic data, spanning cancer and infectious disease. The first quantifies how chemotherapy can disrupt the evolution of common leukemias. The second examines a link between geometric information and the histologic grade in relapsed gliomas, where longer relapse branches were specific to high grade glioma. The third concerns genetic stability of xenograft models of cancer, where heterogeneity at the single cell level increased with later mouse passages. The last studies genetic diversity in seasonal influenza A virus. We apply tree dimensionality reduction to 24 years of longitudinally collected H3N2 hemagglutinin sequences, generating distributions of smaller trees spanning between three and five seasons. A negative correlation is observed between the influenza vaccine effectiveness during a season and the variance of the distributions produced using preceding seasons' sequence data. We also show how tree distributions relate to antigenic clusters and choice of influenza vaccine. Our formalism exposes links between viral genomic data and clinical observables such as vaccine selection and efficacy.
The Return of the Cryptographic Boomerang

The boomerang analysis, together with its offspring the amplified boomerang analysis and the rectangle analysis, are techniques that are widely used in the analysis of block ciphers. Realistic examples are given which demonstrate that the boomerang analysis can commonly give probability values that are highly inaccurate. Thus, any complexity estimates for the security of a block cipher based on the boomerang or rectangle analysis must be viewed extremely sceptically.
Persistence of Experience-Induced Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity through Adulthood in Superficial Layers of Mouse Visual Cortex

It is well established that sensory cortices of animals can be modified by sensory experience, especially during a brief early critical period in development. Theoretical analyses indicate that there are two synaptic plasticity mechanisms required: input-specific synaptic modifications and global homeostatic mechanisms to provide stability to neural networks. Experience-dependent homeostatic synaptic plasticity mechanisms have subsequently been demonstrated in the visual cortex of juvenile animals. Here, we report that experience-dependent homeostatic synaptic plasticity persists through adulthood in the superficial layers of the mouse visual cortex. We found that 2 d of visual deprivation in the form of dark rearing is necessary and sufficient to cause an increase in AMPA receptor-mediated miniature EPSC amplitude in layer 2/3 neurons. This increase was rapidly reversed by 1 d of light exposure. This reversible change in synaptic strength persisted in adult mice past the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity, which is reported to end at ∼1 month of age in rodents. Interestingly, the mechanism of homeostatic synaptic modifications in 3-month-old mice differed from that in young mice (3 weeks old) in that the multiplicative nature of synaptic scaling is lost. Our results demonstrate that the superficial layers of adult mouse visual cortex retain the ability to undergo reversible experience-dependent homeostatic synaptic plasticity.
Data Quality Maintenance by Integrity-Preserving Repairs that Tolerate Inconsistency

To maintain the quality of stored data, their integrity should be enforced. Repairing violations of integrity constraints contributes to integrity enforcement and thus to quality maintenance. Inconsistencies in databases are unavoidable, and repairing all of them often is unfeasible. We show that it is possible to get by with partial repairs that tolerate extant inconsistencies, while preserving the consistent parts of the database. Such repairs also integrity-preserving. Such repairs reduce the amount of integrity constraint violations and hence improve the quality of the stored data.
The burnout syndrome and associated personality disturbances. The study in three graduate programs in Dentistry at the University of Barcelona.

OBJECTIVE Determine the presence of "burnout" syndrome and characteristic personality patterns in the students and faculty of three graduate programs in Dentistry at the University of Barcelona: Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Department of Orthodontics and Department of Integrated Dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out in 78 dentists. The level of "burnout" was evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, socio-demographic variables and, finally, the personality test. RESULTS Oral surgeons constituted the group of high-level "burnout". The profile of an individual with a propensity to "burn out" is a single man, with a median age of 27, that is in the first years of the graduate program and that combines studies with 30 hours of clinical practice and/or other work (p<0,05). Narcissistic and borderline are the types of personality most frequently found in the individuals that present "burnout" syndrome (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONS In general, no high levels of "burnout" were registered in the studied population, only 2-3%, if applying strict definition of "burnout", and 10% if these criteria were amplified. We believe it is necessary to identify the individuals with a tendency towards "burnout", in order to establish preventive measures and avoid future negative behaviour at work as well as at the personal level.
Learning Set Cardinality in Distance Nearest Neighbours

Distance-based nearest neighbours (dNN) queries and aggregations over their answer sets are important for exploratory data analytics. We focus on the Set Cardinality Prediction (SCP) problem for the answer set of dNN queries. We contribute a novel, query-driven perspective for this problem, whereby answers to previous dNN queries are used to learn the answers to incoming dNN queries. The proposed novel machine learning (ML) model learns the dynamically changing query patterns space and thus it can focus only on the portion of the data being queried. The model enjoys several comparative advantages in prediction error and space requirements. This is in addition to being applicable in environments with sensitive data and/or environments where data accesses are too costly to execute, where the data-centric state-of-the-art is inapplicable and/or too costly. A comprehensive performance evaluation of our model is conducted, evaluating its comparative advantages versus acclaimed methods (i.e., different self-tuning histograms, sampling, multidimensional histograms, and the power-method).
Combinatorial Assignment under Dichotomous Preferences

We consider the problem of assigning shares of a imperfectly divisible resource when preferences are dichotomous. One such problem is the problem of assigning bundles from a finite set of indivisible objects to a finite set of agents or deciding who will have access to a certain resource over time (time-interval assigning). When preferences are dichotomous, mechanisms that satisfy voluntary participation only require agents to report a set of acceptable bundles/shares. We characterize strategy-proof mechanisms for such problems and provide a mechanism that is utilitarian efficient, strategy-proof and envy free, thereby exhibiting a useful class of preferences where these desirable properties are compatible. This is especially important in the light of negative results obtained by Kojima (2009) showing that these three properties are incompatible in the class of additive preferences. We also show that, unlike in the assignment problem with dichotomous preferences of Bogomolnaia and Moulin (2004), the existence of a Lorenz-dominant assignment is not guaranteed. We analyze real-world difficulties involved in using efficient mechanisms, both from a computational and a strategic point of view. In particular, we show that utilitarian efficient mechanisms require computations that can have running times that are exponentially long in the number of agents. However, we point out that some classes of problems can be solved faster. Finally, we show that agents with general preferences facing a mechanism that is strategy-proof and efficient in the dichotomous domain might have an incentive to misreport their acceptable shares/bundles, and in that case, the only profitable deviation is to report a smaller set of acceptable shares/bundles. ∗Thanks to John Ledyard and Federico Echenique for helpful discussions. Thanks to J. Morgan Kousser for many suggestions that improved the readability of the text. Any errors are my own. Financial support from the California Institute of Technology is gratefully acknowledged.