Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance characteristics of high-power light-emitting diodes

A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the performance characteristics of the currently available high-power LEDs under various drive conditions and ambient temperatures. Light output degradation and color shift properties as a function of time were measured for five types of commercial high-flux LEDs, namely, red, green, blue, and white from one manufacturer, and a different high-flux white LED package from a second manufacturer. The major difference between the two manufacturers’ products is that the first uses a single LED die per package, and the second uses multiple dies within its package. LED arrays were tested under normal drive current and ambient temperature, normal drive current and higher ambient temperature, and higher drive current and normal ambient temperature. Because each LED type has to operate at a particular ambient temperature, all were tested in specially designed individual life-test chambers. These test chambers had two functions: one, to keep the ambient temperature constant, and two, to act as light-integrating boxes for measuring light output parameters. Overall, the single-die green and white LED arrays showed very little light loss after 2,000 hours, even though the current and the ambient temperature were increased. However, the red LED array seemed to have a high degradation rate. The white LEDs had a significant color variation (of the order of a 12-step MacAdam ellipse) between them. However, the color shift over time was very small during the initial 2,000-hour period. For white LEDs to be accepted broadly for general illumination applications, the color variation between similar products must become much smaller, of the order of a 2-step MacAdam ellipse.
Allelic and Haplotypic Diversity at the Rp1 Rust Resistance Locus of Maize Sequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY309779, AY309780, AY309781, AY309782, AY309783sc and scAY581258sc.

The maize Rp1 rust resistance locus is a complex consisting of a family of closely related resistance genes. The number of Rp1 paralogs in different maize lines (haplotypes) varied from a single gene in some stocks of the inbred A188 to >50 genes in haplotypes carrying the Rp1-A and Rp1-H specificities. The sequences of paralogs in unrelated haplotypes differ, indicating that the genetic diversity of Rp1-related genes is extremely broad in maize. Two unrelated haplotypes with five or nine paralogs had identical resistance phenotypes (Rp1-D) encoded in genes that differed by three nucleotides resulting in a single amino acid substitution. Genes in some haplotypes are more similar to each other than to any of the genes in other haplotypes indicating that they are evolving in a concerted fashion.
Comparison of Sensitivities for Detecting Diffuse and Localized Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects With Time-domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients With Glaucoma

Purpose:To compare the ability of time-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect diffuse and localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects using a built-in normative database in patients with early to moderate glaucoma. Methods:Subjects with localized visual field defects confined to either hemifield were consecutively recruited. Only 1 eye per subject was considered. Among the 91 eyes with localized RNFL defects, 46 eyes with mean deviations matched to those of the 46 eyes with diffuse RNFL defects were selected for statistical analysis. This case-control study included 46 eyes with diffuse RNFL defects and 46 eyes with localized RNFL defects. The fast RNFL thickness protocol of Stratus OCT was used. The clock-hour and quadrant sector parameters corresponding to the hemifield with the visual field defect were evaluated at P<0.05 with regard to the built-in normative database. The sensitivities of these parameters were compared between diffuse and localized RNFL defects. Results:The sensitivity of the clock-hour sector parameter for diffuse RNFL defects (84.8%) was not significantly different than that for localized RNFL defects (80.4%) (P=0.78). The sensitivity of the quadrant sector parameter for diffuse RNFL defects (74.9%) was significantly higher than that for localized RNFL defects (52.3%) (P=0.04). Conclusions:The clock-hour parameter of time-domain OCT detected RNFL defects without significant difference in sensitivities between diffuse and localized patterns of RNFL loss in glaucomatous eyes. However, the quadrant parameter of OCT showed better sensitivity for diffuse RNFL defects than for localized RNFL defects.
A NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF LOCAL – DISTORTIONAL – LATERAL - TORSIONAL BUCKLING INTERACTION OF COLD - FORMED STEEL LIPPED CHANNEL BEAMS

This work aims at investigating the buckling behaviour of cold-formed steel (CFS) lipped channel (LC) beams undergoing local(L)-distortional(D)-lateral-torsional (LT) buckling mode interaction for the sake of developing an analytical model to calculate the ultimate resistance to bending moment. The section geometries are identified to have nearly equal elastic local, distortional and lateral-torsional buckling moment values by performing elastic buckling analysis. The identified sections satisfy the condition for prequalified sections in AISI-S100-2007. A finite-element model has been developed and verified against the available test data for cold-formed steel lipped channel sections subjected to the major axis bending. Parametric studies were carried out to investigate the influence of geometries and yield stress values. The numerical results are compared with design predictions from the Direct Strength Method (DSM) in North American specifications for cold-formed steel structures. Based on the comparisons, design recommendations are introduced for coldformed steel lipped channel beams which experiencing local/distortional/lateral-torsional buckling mode interaction.
IMPROVEMENTS ON SOURCE CAMERA-MODEL IDENTIFICATION BASED ON CFA INTERPOLATION

The idea of using traces of interpolation algorithms, deployed by a digital camera, as an identifier in the source camera-model identification problem has been initially studied in [2]. In this work, we improve our previous approach by incorporating methods to better detect the interpolation artifacts in smooth image parts. To identify the source cameramodel of a digital image, new features that can detect traces of low-order interpolation are introduced and used in conjunction with a support vector machine based multi-class classifier. Performance results due to newly added features are obtained considering source identification among two and three digital cameras. Also, these results are combined with those of [2] to further improve our methodology.
Informed Options Trading Prior to Takeover Announcements: Insider Trading?

We quantify the pervasiveness of informed trading activity in target companies’ equity options before the announcements of 1,859 U.S. takeovers between 1996 and 2012. About 25% of all takeovers have positive abnormal volumes, which are greater for short-dated, out-of-the-money calls, consistent with bullish directional trading before the announcement. Over half of this abnormal activity is unlikely due to speculation, news and rumors, trading by corporate insiders, leakage in the stock market, deal predictability, or beneficial ownership filings by activist investors. We also examine the characteristics of option trades litigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for alleged illegal insider trading. Although the characteristics of such trades closely resemble the patterns of abnormal option volume in the U.S. takeover sample, we find that the SEC litigates only about 8% of all deals in it. This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Security and privacy requirements analysis within a social setting

Security issues for software systems ultimately concern relationships among social actors stakeholders, system users, potential attackers - and the software acting on their behalf. We propose a methodological framework for dealing with security and privacy requirements based on i*, an agent-oriented requirements modeling language. The framework supports a set of analysis techniques. In particular, attacker analysis helps identify potential system abusers and their malicious intents. Dependency vulnerability analysis helps detect vulnerabilities in terms of organizational relationships among stakeholders. Countermeasure analysis supports the dynamic decision-making process of defensive system players in addressing vulnerabilities and threats. Finally, access control analysis bridges the gap between security requirement models and security implementation models. The framework is illustrated with an example involving security and privacy concerns in the design of agent-based health information systems. In addition, we discuss model evaluation techniques, including qualitative goal model analysis and property verification techniques based on model checking.
Distribution of intestinal stem cell markers in colorectal precancerous lesions

Intestinal stem cell (ISC) markers such as LGR5, ASCL2, EPHB2 and OLFM4, and their clinical implications have been studied extensively in colorectal cancers (CRCs). However, little is known about their expression in precancerous lesions of CRCs. Here, we investigated the expression and distribution of ISC markers in serrated polyps and conventional adenomas.
Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes Induce Antibody-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells1

Recent studies in HER-2/neu-targeted immunotherapy demonstrated that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) mediated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against HER-2/neu-positive breast cancer cell lines. However, the mechanism of cell death remained unclear. We used several assays to analyze the induction of apoptosis in the breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3 via PMN-dependent Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In the presence of the HER-2/neu Ab 520C9 and PMN from healthy donors, apoptosis occurred as detected by annexin V binding and disappearance of euploid SK-BR-3 nuclei, which can be differentiated from PMN nuclei by their increased DNA contents. Apoptosis induction was observed with E:T cell ratios as low as 10:1. Laser scanning fluorescence microscopy of TUNEL tumor cells or staining for cleaved cytokeratin-18 further confirmed apoptosis of the SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. Killing via 520C9 was dependent on the interaction with FcR on PMN, because 1) F(ab′)2 fragments of 520C9 mediated no cytotoxicity, 2) target cell death was influenced by a biallelic polymorphism of FcγRIIa on the effector cells, and 3) a bispecific Ab against HER-2/neu and the IgA receptor (FcαRI) expressed on effector cells significantly induced apoptosis. Thus, PMN induce Ab-dependent apoptosis against human breast cancer cells targeted with HER-2/neu-directed mAbs or FcR directed bispecific Abs.
(η6-Benzophenone)(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium(II) tetraphenylborate

The structure of the title compound, [Ru(C10H15)(C13H10O)](C24H20B), consists of discrete [Cp*Ru(II)benzophenone] cations and tetraphenylborate anions (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl). Tethering the Cp*Ru group to one aryl ring of benzophenone results in average values of 1.42 (1) and 1.38 (1) Å for the C—C bond lengths in the Ru-tethered and untethered phenyl rings, respectively. The dihedral angle between the benzene and phenyl rings of the benzophenone group is 50.5 (1)°.
Clustering Consistent Sparse Subspace Clustering

Subspace clustering is the problem of clustering data points into a union of low-dimensional linear or affine subspaces. It is the mathematical abstraction of many important problems in computer vision, image processing and has been drawing avid attention in machine learning and statistics recently. In particular, a line of recent work (Elhamifar and Vidal, 2013; Soltanolkotabi et al., 2012; Wang and Xu, 2013; Soltanolkotabi et al., 2014) provided strong theoretical guarantee for the seminal algorithm: Sparse Subspace Clustering (SSC) (Elhamifar and Vidal, 2013) under various settings, and to some extent, justified its state-of-the-art performance in applications such as motion segmentation and face clustering. The focus of these work has been getting milder conditions under which SSC obeys "self-expressiveness property", which ensures that no two points from different subspaces can be clustered together. Such guarantee however is not sufficient for the clustering to be correct, thanks to the notorious "graph connectivity problem" (Nasihatkon and Hartley, 2011). In this paper, we show that this issue can be resolved by a very simple post-processing procedure under only a mild "general position" assumption. In addition, we show that the approach is robust to arbitrary bounded perturbation of the data whenever the "general position" assumption holds with a margin. These results provide the first exact clustering guarantee of SSC for subspaces of dimension greater than 3.
Single-Assay Combination of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) EBNA1- and Viral Capsid Antigen-p18-Derived Synthetic Peptides for Measuring Anti-EBV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA Antibody Levels in Sera from Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients: Options for Field Screening

ABSTRACT Assessment of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody responses to various Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigen complexes, usually involving multiple serological assays, is important for the early diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Through combination of two synthetic peptides representing immunodominant epitopes of EBNA1 and viral capsid antigen (VCA)-p18 we developed a one-step sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the specific detection of EBV reactive IgG and IgA antibodies in NPC patients (EBV IgG/IgA ELISA). Sera were obtained from healthy donors (n = 367), non-NPC head and neck cancer patients (n = 43), and biopsy-proven NPC patients (n = 296) of Indonesian and Chinese origin. Higher values of optical density at 450 nm for EBV IgG were observed in NPC patients compared to the healthy EBV carriers, but the large overlap limits its use for NPC diagnosis. Using either EBNA1 or VCA-p18 peptides alone IgA ELISA correctly identified 88.5% and 79.8% of Indonesian NPC patients, with specificities of 80.1% and 70.9%, whereas combined single-well coating with both peptides yielded sensitivity and specificity values of 90.1 and 85.4%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) for the combined EBNA1 plus VCA EBV IgA ELISA were 78.7% and 93.9%, respectively. In the Indonesia panel, the level of EBV IgA reactivity was not associated with NPC tumor size, lymph node involvement, and metastasis stage, sex, and age group. In the China panel the sensitivity/specificity values were 86.2/92.0% (EBNA1 IgA) and 84.1/90.3% (VCA-p18 IgA) for single-peptide assays and 95.1/90.6% for the combined VCA plus EBNA1 IgA ELISA, with a PPV and an NPV for the combined EBV IgA ELISA of 95.6 and 89.3%, respectively. Virtually all NPC patients had abnormal anti-EBV IgG diversity patterns as determined by immunoblot analysis. On the other hand, healthy EBV carriers with positive EBV IgA ELISA result showed normal IgG diversity patterns. By using EBV IgG immunoblot diversity as confirmation assay for EBV IgA ELISA-positive samples, the sensitivity and specificity for NPC diagnosis increased to 98% and 99.2%, respectively, in the Indonesian NPC samples. The use of these combined methods for seroepidemiological screening studies is proposed.
Pictures depicting pictures on the specification of visual languages by visual grammars

Growing interest in visual languages has triggered new extended research into the specification and parsing of multi-dimensional structures. The author discusses the need for a visual specification formalism and introduces such a technique by augmenting logic programming with picture terms which can be considered as partially specified pictures. He defines how to match picture terms and how to integrate matching with the execution of logic programs. Based upon this extension, picture clause grammars (PCGs) are introduced. PCGs are formal visual specifications of visual languages and can be used for parsing and syntax directed translation of visual languages like DCGs are used in the case of textual languages. The executability of PCGs is demonstrated by defining their translation to logic programs employing picture terms. <<ETX>>
Evaluation of “Helicobacter heilmannii” Subtypes in the Gastric Mucosas of Cats and Dogs

ABSTRACT Infection with candidatus “Helicobacter heilmannii” is associated with gastritis and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in people. Infection with “H. heilmannii” type 1 predominates (80%) and is thought to be acquired from dogs, cats, or pigs. We further examined the zoonotic potential of dogs and cats by amplifying gastric DNA from cats (n = 45) and dogs (n = 10) with primers against “H. heilmannii” ureB and 16S rRNA genes and sequencing the products. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with eubacterial and “H. heilmannii”-specific probes was employed to directly visualize “H. heilmannii” types and their intragastric distribution. ureB sequences of “H. heilmannii” amplicons clustered with human and feline isolates of “H. heilmannii” and were distinct from the “H. heilmannii”-like organisms (HHLO) H. felis, H. salomonis, and H. bizzozeronii. 16S ribosomal DNA sequences in 20 “H. heilmannii”-infected cats and dogs were distinct from “H. heilmannii” type 1 and “H. suis” and clustered with “H. heilmannii” types 2 and 4. FISH confirmed the presence of “H. heilmannii” types 2 and 4 in dogs but failed to definitively characterize the “H. heilmannii” types present in cats. In infected dogs, “H. heilmannii” inhabited the gastric mucus and glands, and in dogs coinfected with other HHLO it shared the same gastric niche. The results indicate that dogs and cats are predominantly colonized by “H. heilmannii” bacteria that are distinct from type 1 and from “H. suis. ” As “H. heilmannii” type 1 predominates in people, the zoonotic risk posed by dogs and cats is likely small.
Cyclic prefixing or zero padding for wireless multicarrier transmissions?

Zero padding (ZP) of multicarrier transmissions has been proposed as an appealing alternative to the traditional cyclic prefix (CP) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) to ensure symbol recovery regardless of the channel zero locations. In this paper, both systems are studied to delineate their relative merits in wireless systems where channel knowledge is not available at the transmitter. Two novel equalizers are developed for ZP-OFDM to tradeoff performance with implementation complexity. Both CP-OFDM and ZP-OFDM are then compared in terms of transmitter nonlinearities and required power backoff. Next, both systems are tested in terms of channel estimation and tracking capabilities. Simulations tailored to the realistic context of the standard for wireless local area network HIPERLAN/2 illustrate the pertinent tradeoffs.
Role of Social Media in Diabetes Management in the Middle East Region: Systematic Review

Background Diabetes is a major health care burden in the Middle East region. Social networking tools can contribute to the management of diabetes with improved educational and care outcomes using these popular tools in the region. Objective The objective of this review was to evaluate the impact of social networking interventions on the improvement of diabetes management and health outcomes in patients with diabetes in the Middle East. Methods Peer-reviewed articles from PubMed (1990-2017) and Google Scholar (1990-2017) were identified using various combinations of predefined terms and search criteria. The main inclusion criterion consisted of the use of social networking apps on mobile phones as the primary intervention. Outcomes were grouped according to study design, type of diabetes, category of technological intervention, location, and sample size. Results This review included 5 articles evaluating the use of social media tools in the management of diabetes in the Middle East. In most studies, the acceptance rate for the use of social networking to optimize the management of diabetes was relatively high. Diabetes-specific management tools such as the Saudi Arabia Networking for Aiding Diabetes and Diabetes Intelligent Management System for Iraq systems helped collect patient information and lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, respectively. Conclusions The reviewed studies demonstrated the potential of social networking tools being adopted in regions in the Middle East to improve the management of diabetes. Future studies consisting of larger sample sizes spanning multiple regions would provide further insight into the use of social media for improving patient outcomes.
Noise, stress, and annoyance in a pediatric intensive care unit

ObjectiveTo measure and describe hospital noise and determine whether noise can be correlated with nursing stress measured by questionnaire, salivary amylase, and heart rate. DesignCohort observational study. SettingTertiary care center pediatric intensive care unit. SubjectsRegistered nurses working in the unit. InterventionsNone. Measurements and Main ResultsEleven nurse volunteers were recruited. An audiogram, questionnaire data, salivary amylase, and heart rate were collected in a quiet room. Each nurse was observed for a 3-hr period during patient care. Heart rate and sound level were recorded continuously; saliva samples and stress/annoyance ratings were collected every 30 mins. Variables assessed as potential confounders were years of nursing experience, caffeine intake, patients’ Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score, shift assignment, and room assignment. Data were analyzed by random effects multiple linear regression using Stata 6.0. The average daytime sound level was 61 dB(A), nighttime 59 dB(A). Higher average sound levels significantly predicted higher heart rates (p = .014). Other significant predictors of tachycardia were higher caffeine intake, less nursing experience, and daytime shift. Ninety percent of the variability in heart rate was explained by the regression equation. Amylase measurements showed a large variability and were not significantly affected by noise levels. Higher average sound levels were also predictive of greater subjective stress (p = .021) and annoyance (p = .016). ConclusionsIn this small study, noise was shown to correlate with several measures of stress including tachycardia and annoyance ratings. Further studies of interventions to reduce noise are essential.
Interplay Between Synaptic Delays and Propagation Delays in Neural Field Equations

Neural field equations describe the activity of neural populations at a mesoscopic level. Although the early derivation of these equations introduced space dependent delays coming from the finite speed of signal propagation along axons, there have been few studies concerning their role in shaping the (nonlinear) dynamics of neural activity. This is mainly due to the lack of analytical tractable models. On the other hand, constant delays have been introduced to model the synaptic transmission and the spike initiation dynamics. By incorporating the two kinds of delays into the neural field equations, we are able to find the Hopf bifurcation curves analytically, which produces many Hopf--Hopf interactions. We use normal theory to study two different types of connectivity that reveal a surprisingly rich dynamical portrait. In particular, the shape of the connectivity strongly influences the spatiotemporal dynamics.