Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Children with autism can express social emotions in their drawings

Objectives The study aimed to examine the ability of children with an Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) to depict social (pride and shame) vs. basic (happiness and sadness) emotions in their human figure drawings. Methods Eleven children with a formal diagnosis of an ASC matched on gender and verbal mental age with 11 children with typical development (TD) participated in a series of tasks examining their emotional understanding, as well as their ability to depict a person experiencing the emotions under investigation and a person with no emotions. Drawings were assessed for their overall emotional expressiveness and the types of graphic cues employed to express emotions. Results Results showed that children with ASC produced less expressive drawings of basic emotions than their controls. However, they did not differ from the control group in their overall expressiveness in drawing social emotions, despite their reduced performance in tasks assessing understanding of social emotions. Additionally, children with ASC used significantly less graphic cues to depict emotions than children with TD, while some qualitative differences between the two groups were observed. Conclusion The study underlines the value of drawing as a tool to investigate emotion understanding in children with ASC
Expert-oriented modelling of a 1vs1-situation in football

The aim of this study was to create a suitable model for analysing tactical behaviour in one versus one (1vs1) situations in association football. First, expert interviews were used to extract expert knowledge, in order to define an adequate kinematic testing model. Second, youth football players were examined via this model, and the data collected was used to check the suitability of the testing scheme. The performance of the players participating in 75 1vs1 trials was recorded via the LPM® (Local Positioning Measurement) system. In this context, another aim was to develop a concept to automate 1vs1 performance analysis. The test setting chosen consists of a frontal form of 1vs1 confrontations, where one striker is in control of the ball and trying to overcome a defender, in order to create a goal scoring opportunity. One trial is divided into four key moments and three phases, at which different kinematic parameters (i.e., positions, velocity and acceleration) of the competing players are collected. The evaluation of the available data indicates that the attacker’s as well as the defender’s accelerations at the moment when the striker tries to pass the defender are key features to perform successfully in 1vs1 situations.
Increased rates of thrombophilia in women with repeated IVF failures.

BACKGROUND We investigated whether hereditary thrombophilia is more prevalent in women with recurrent IVF-embryo transfer failures. METHODS This case-control study was conducted in an academic tertiary care hospital and compared 45 women with a history of four or more failed IVF cycles (group A) with 44 apparently healthy women matched for age and ethnic origin (group B). All participants were tested for inherited thrombophilias: mutations of prothrombin, factor V Leiden and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and protein C, protein S and antithrombin III deficiencies. RESULTS Excluding homozygotic MTHFR, the incidence of thrombophilia in group A, was 26.7% compared with 9.1% in group B (P = 0.003; odds ratio 2.9; 95% confidence interval 1.02-8.4). The incidence of thrombophilia in women with unexplained infertility in group A was 42.9% (9/21), compared with 18.2% in group B (P < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that inherited thrombophilia may play a role in the aetiology of repeated IVF failures, particularly in the subgroup with unexplained fertility.
Triatominae species of Suriname (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) and their role as vectors of Chagas disease

Nine species of Triatominae, representing three tribes and five genera, are currently known in Suriname. An annotated list of the species based on the collections of the Bureau of Public Health (Suriname), the National Zoological Collection Suriname and the National History Museum Leiden (the Netherlands) is provided. Additionally, the results of several years of opportunistic collection in two domestic environments are presented. The most common species are Rhodnius pictipes Stål, 1972, Rhodnius robustus Larrouse, 1972 and Panstrongylus geniculatus (Latreille, 1811). The significance of the species as vectors of Chagas disease in Suriname is discussed.
Social psychological perspective on binge drinking in young people

For undergraduate populations, binge drinking is a common practice and risky drinking behaviours such as these have been associated with negative consequences for individuals and society. This thesis aims to gain a better understanding of young peoples’ decisions to binge drink using a social psychological perspective. Two online (N=229 and N=313) and one lab-based (N=122) longitudinal and experimental studies use quantitative methods to gather data on the binge drinking behaviour of undergraduate students at an English university, using questionnaires based on an expanded Theory of Planned behaviour (TPB) alongside experimental social identity interventions. The findings support the use of social cognitive models to the study of risky health behaviours, particularly the application of an expanded TPB to the prediction of undergraduates’ binge drinking showing that it can account for between 65 and 75% of the variance in students’ intentions to binge drink and between 44 and 60% of the variance in students’ self-reported binge drinking behaviour. Social identity variables (e.g. self-identity) played an important role in the expanded model suggesting there is scope for further improvements. Implications for future research, including further additions to the TPB model and suggestions for interventions to reduce risky drinking are presented.
Spin resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of [Mn6IIICrIII]3 + single-molecule magnets and of manganese compounds as reference layers

Properties of the manganese-based single-molecule magnet are studied. It contains six MnIII ions arranged in two bowl-shaped trinuclear triplesalen building blocks linked by a hexacyanochromate and exhibits a large spin ground state of St = 21/2. The dominant structures in the electron emission spectra of resonantly excited at the L3-edge are the L3M2, 3M2, 3, L3M2, 3V and L3VV Auger emission groups following the decay of the primary p3/2 core hole state. Significant differences of the Auger spectra from intact and degraded show up. First measurements of the electron spin polarization in the L3M2, 3V and L3VV Auger emission peaks from the manganese constituents in resonantly excited at the L3-edge near 640 eV by circularly polarized synchrotron radiation are reported. In addition spin resolved Auger electron spectra of the reference substances MnO, Mn2O3 and MnII(acetate)2·4H2O are given. The applicability of spin resolved electron spectroscopy for characterizing magnetic states of constituent atoms compared to magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) is verified: the spin polarization obtained from MnII(acetate)2·4H2O at room temperature in the paramagnetic state compares to the MCD asymmetry revealed for a star-shaped molecule with a Mn4IIO6 core at 5 K in an external magnetic field of 5 T.
Low voltage super junction MOSFET simulation and experimentation

The application of Super Junction concepts to a low voltage power MOSFET is investigated. The body junction is modified with the addition of a high energy implant, resulting in an increased breakdown voltage. Simulations are used to quantify the relationship between dose and breakdown voltage, resulting in a predicted 35% Rds(on) reduction. This is confirmed through experiment, and a 19% reduction in Rds(on) is reported at 75V. No change in device reliability is observed. This approach provides a simple means to reduce the on resistance of low voltage MOSFETs.
High urinary excretion of kidney injury molecule-1 is an independent predictor of end-stage renal disease in patients with IgA nephropathy

Background. The variable course of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) warrants accurate tools for the prediction of progression. Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are markers for the detection of early tubular damage caused by various renal conditions. We evaluated the prognostic value of these markers in patients with IgAN. Methods. We included patients ( n ¼ 65, 72% male, age 43 6 13 years) with biopsy-proven IgAN, who were evaluated for proteinuria. Urinary KIM-1 and NGAL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We analysed data using Cox regression for the outcome end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Results. Median serum creatinine was 142 l mol/L and proteinuria 2.2 g/day. During follow-up (median 75 months), 23 patients (35%) developed ESRD. In patients with IgAN median urinary KIM-1 excretion was 1.7 ng/ min and NGAL excretion was 47 ng/min, both signiﬁcantly higher than in healthy controls. KIM-1 and NGAL were correlated with proteinuria ( r ¼ 0.40 and 0.34, respectively, P < 0.01) and each other ( r ¼ 0.53, P < 0.01) but not with estimated glomerular ﬁltration rate (eGFR). Interestingly, KIM-1 was not signiﬁcantly correlated with the excretion of a 1 -microglobulin ( a 1 m) and b 2 -microglobulin ( b 2 m), known markers of tubular injury. Univariate analysis showed that baseline serum creatinine and urinary excretion of total protein, a 1 m, b 2 m, immunoglobulin G, KIM-1 and NGAL were signiﬁcantly associated with ESRD. By multivariate analysis, serum creatinine and KIM-1 excretion proved to be signiﬁcant independent predictors of ESRD. Conclusion. KIM-1 and NGAL excretion are increased in patients with IgAN and correlate with proteinuria but not with eGFR. Baseline serum creatinine and urinary KIM-1, but not proteinuria, are independent predictors of ESRD. AbstractBackground. In dialysis patients, protein-energy wasting (PEW) is associated with high mortality, and some indicators of PEW, such as serum albumin value, subjective global assessment (SGA) score and handgrip strength (HGS), may predict mortality. However, whether PEW is associated with poor renal outcomes and whether for assessing nutrition status and renal prognosis in patients with CKD-ND.
A Multivariate Analysis of Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field-North

We use the ultraviolet and optical WFPC2 and near-infrared NICMOS images of the Hubble Deep Field-North to measure and statistically compare an array of parameters for over 250 of the galaxies it contains. These parameters include redshift, rest-frame visible asymmetry and concentration, bolometric luminosity, and extinction-corrected star formation rate. We find only one strong correlation, between bolometric luminosity and star formation rate, from which early-type galaxies noticeably deviate. When our asymmetry measurements are combined with those of a sample of nearby galaxies covering the full Hubble sequence, we find a weak correlation between redshift and rest-frame visible asymmetry, consistent with the qualitative evidence of galaxy morphological evolution from these and other deep Hubble Space Telescope images. The mean values of these asymmetry measurements show a monotonic increase with redshift interval over the range 0 ≲ z ≲ 2, increasing by a factor of approximately 3. If this trend is real, it suggests that galaxy morphological evolution within the last ~70% of the Hubble time is a gradual process that is continuing through the present cosmological epoch. There is evidence that the dominant source of this evolution is the "minor" mergers of disk galaxies with smaller companions, which could also transform late-type spiral galaxies to early-type spiral galaxies. Interestingly, in contrast to local galaxies we find no correlations between galaxy star formation rate and either UV or visible asymmetry. This could arise if the star formation of high-redshift galaxies proceeds in episodes that are short (~100 Myr) relative to the timescales over which galaxy mergers produce strong asymmetries (~500 Myr), a result suggested by the high star formation rates of Lyman break galaxies.
Validation of addiction severity index (5th edition) bahasa melayu version (ASI-5-BM)

Addiction Severity Index (ASI) is a WHO and UNODC recognized clinical and research based measurement tool, which has been widely used for the purposes of assessing and evaluating problems experienced by people who use drugs (PWUD). The assessment and evaluation conducted by the ASI identifies the severity of substance use and its harm to the individual [1]. The ASI-5 that was developed in 1992 is a modified version of the instrument [2]. Currently the ASI has developed a sixth version that is utilized for clinical and research purposes [3]. ASI-5 assesses seven domains or aspects of life that can be affected as a result of substance use, namely medical status, employment status, alcohol use, drug use, legal status, family/social relationships, and psychiatric status [1,4], but only 6 domains when the use of drugs and alcohol are combined. The assessment to evaluate the severity and seriousness of substance use is done over 2 separate time periods, in the previous 30 days and lifelong. For research purposes, the composite score for each domain is also utilized in the summarized scores of individual ASI domains. Since its development, the ASI [1] has been widely utilized to assess the disruption and deterioration caused by substance abuse in individuals [1]. The ASI has been translated and validated in China [5], Japan [6], Turkey [7], France [8], Netherlands [9] and other countries, justifying ASI as an efficient assessment tool. The translated instrument is used to formulate treatment and rehabilitation plans [10] at a variety of settings, such as addiction clinics, rehabilitation centers, mental health clinics and prisons, in a variety of population (people who use substances and alcohol) who volunteer for treatment and rehabilitation and substance abusers with dual diagnosis.
Strategic Addition of Dietary Fibrolytic Enzymes for Improved Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows

Introduction Unlike abomasal or ruminal enzyme infusion (Hristov et al., 1998; 2000), enzyme addition to the dietary forage (Lewis et al, 1999; Kung et al., 2000) or concentrate (Rode et al, 1999; Yang et al., 2000) has improved the performance of cows, reflecting the importance of a close association between the feed and enzymes for fiber hydrolysis (Beauchemin et al, 1999). However, few studies have determined whether enzymes are most effective when added to the dietary concentrate or forage. In theory, enzyme application to the dietary forage or the TMR should be more effective than application to the concentrate because of greater opportunity for enzyme-induced fiber hydrolysis. Exogenous enzymes should also be more effective when applied to highmoisture feeds such as silages than to dry feeds because of the importance of water for enzymatic cell wall hydrolysis (Beauchemin et al, 1999). However, one study has demonstrated that enzyme application to the concentrate was more effective than application to the TMR (Yang et al., 2000). Whereas, others indicated that application to one dietary fraction was not more effective than application to another fraction or the TMR (Sutton et al., 2003; Vicini et al., 2003). It is also thought that enzyme efficacy is positively correlated with the proportion of the diet to which enzymes are applied (Bowman et al., 2001), but this is not always true (Yang et al., 1999). These conflicting results emphasize the importance of further examination of how the method of enzyme application affects efficacy.
Finding shortest paths on real road networks: the case for A*

The problem of identifying the shortest path along a road network is a fundamental problem in network analysis, ranging from route guidance in a navigation system to solving spatial allocation problems. Since this type of problem is solved so frequently, it is important to craft an approach that is as efficient as possible. Based upon past research, it is generally accepted that several efficient implementations of the Dijkstra algorithm are the fastest at optimally solving the ‘one‐to‐one’ shortest path problem (Cherkassky et al. 1996). We show that the most efficient state‐of‐the‐art implementations of Dijkstra can be improved by taking advantage of network properties associated with GIS‐sourced data. The results of this paper, derived from tests of different algorithmic approaches on real road networks, will be extremely valuable for application developers and researchers in the GIS community.
Working Papers in Responsible Banking & Finance Why Do Banks Hold Excess Cash ?

In light of the recent regulatory changes and the increase in cash reserves after the financial crisis of 2007-08, we examine the determinants of cash levels and the effects of excess cash on bank’s business policies, for both listed and unlisted banks. As for the determinants, we find that larger, more profitable, more capitalized, and more diversified banks hold less cash. As for bank’s policies (acquisition and security investments, lending), our evidence does not support the hypothesis that excess cash exacerbates agency problems. We also document the importance of the listing status for bank holding companies with liquidity risk being more severe for unlisted banks, which are more reliant on excess cash to finance investments. Overall, the evidence supports precautionary and strategic motives as main drivers of the relationship between business policy choices and excess cash for listed and unlisted banks, respectively. Finally, we find that the correlation between excess cash and investments, both in terms of acquisitions and securities, increases after the crisis. WP No 16-009
Optimal Rectangle Packing on Non-Square Benchmarks

The rectangle packing problem consists of finding an enclosing rectangle of smallest area that can contain a given set of rectangles without overlap. We propose two new benchmarks, one where the orientation of the rectangles is fixed and one where it is free, that include rectangles of various aspect ratios. The new benchmarks avoid certain properties of easy instances, which we identify as instances where rectangles have dimensions in common or where a few rectangles occupy most of the area. Our benchmarks are much more difficult for the previous state-of-the-art solver, requiring orders of magnitude more time, compared to similar-sized instances from a popular benchmark consisting only of squares. On the new benchmarks, we improve upon the previous strategy used to handle dominance conditions, we define a variable order over non-square rectangles that generalizes previous strategies, and we present a way to adjust the sizes of intervals of values for each rectangle's x-coordinates. Using these techniques together, we can solve the new oriented benchmark about 500 times faster, and the new unoriented benchmark about 40 times faster than the previous state-of-the-art.
Nearest neighbors by neighborhood counting

Finding nearest neighbors is a general idea that underlies many artificial intelligence tasks, including machine learning, data mining, natural language understanding, and information retrieval. This idea is explicitly used in the k-nearest neighbors algorithm (kNN), a popular classification method. In this paper, this idea is adopted in the development of a general methodology, neighborhood counting, for devising similarity functions. We turn our focus from neighbors to neighborhoods, a region in the data space covering the data point in question. To measure the similarity between two data points, we consider all neighborhoods that cover both data points. We propose to use the number of such neighborhoods as a measure of similarity. Neighborhood can be defined for different types of data in different ways. Here, we consider one definition of neighborhood for multivariate data and derive a formula for such similarity, called neighborhood counting measure or NCM. NCM was tested experimentally in the framework of kNN. Experiments show that NCM is generally comparable to VDM and its variants, the state-of-the-art distance functions for multivariate data, and, at the same time, is consistently better for relatively large k values. Additionally, NCM consistently outperforms HEOM (a mixture of Euclidean and Hamming distances), the "standard" and most widely used distance function for multivariate data. NCM has a computational complexity in the same order as the standard Euclidean distance function and NCM is task independent and works for numerical and categorical data in a conceptually uniform way. The neighborhood counting methodology is proven sound for multivariate data experimentally. We hope it works for other types of data.
Frequency of Dopamine Concentration Transients Increases in Dorsal and Ventral Striatum of Male Rats during Introduction of Conspecifics

Transient, elevated concentrations of extracellular dopamine were characterized in the dorsal and ventral striatum of male rats during solitude, brief interaction with a conspecific, and copulation. Conspecific rats were systematically presented to male rats and allowed to interact for 30 sec; the males were kept in solitude between each presentation. During these episodes, 125 dopamine concentration transients from 17 rats were detected with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon-fiber microelectrodes (peak amplitude, 210 ± 10 nm; duration, 530 ± 20 msec). The frequency of dopamine transients increased sixfold during conspecific episodes compared with solitude. However, the phasic dopamine activity habituated on the second presentation of the conspecifics. When males were allowed to copulate with receptive females, additional dopamine transients were observed at frequencies ∼20% of those during the previous interaction episodes. A subset of these transients immediately preceded intromission. Overall, phasic dopamine activity appeared to be associated with input from multiple sensory modalities and was followed by a variety of approach and appetitive behaviors, consistent with electrophysiological observations of dopaminergic neuron burst-firing. In summary, (1) dopamine concentration transients occur in awake rats during solitude, in the absence of overt external cues; (2) dopamine transients are significantly more frequent in the presence of a conspecific, although this effect habituates; and (3) dopamine transients are less frequent during copulation than during brief conspecific episodes. These results establish for the first time that transient dopamine fluctuations occur throughout the dorsal and ventral striatum and demonstrate that they are more frequent with salient stimuli that elicit a response behavior.