Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of baby boomer divorced women and their divorce experiences

A STUDY OF BABY BOOMER DIVORCED WOMEN AND THEIR DIVORCE EXPERIENCES By Yvonne P. Makidon This qualitative study explored the experiences of 25 women who experienced a later life divorce (i.e., ages 50 – 64). The current divorce literature contains very little information on the experiences of this group of women (also known as baby boomers) and this study addressed this gap. Participants for the study included women who parented with the man they divorced, and who were at least two years post divorce, with the divorce happening at or beyond age 48. Participants were asked about the divorce itself and the adjustment years post divorce, the challenges they faced, and which resources they utilized that either helped or hindered them during their divorce adjustment process. Each interview was transcribed and then analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach with the goal of developing a theory of divorce adjustment for this group of women. Bronfenbrenner’s Human Ecological Theory and the life course perspective were frameworks that informed research questions for the study and interpretation of the findings. Ten of the 25 women reported they had not reached a place of peace (i.e., unresolved) post divorce. A four stage model was developed (i.e., predivorce, early, adapting, and final). A description of each stage is featured--highlighting the events and processes occurring that capture the experiences of the 15 resolved women. Based on these 25 women’s narratives, protective and risk factors began to emerge from the data. Potential risk factors to good divorce adjustment include: holding onto feelings of guilt, disappointment leading to failure, fear, anger/resentment, wanting to date/repartner and not being able to, seeing poor adjustment in adult children, negative subjective view of current financial status, and not maintaining a relationship with former in-laws. Potential protective factors include: reforming connections with former in-laws, maintaining connection with adult children, letting go of adult children’s process, attending Divorce Care© classes, seeking individual counseling, repartnering or deciding to remain happily single, forming new social support systems, or being retired. Clinical suggestions are provided, as well as limitations to the study and future directions in research.
Time-Varying Channel Complex Gains Estimation and ICI Suppression in OFDM Systems

In this paper, we present an iterative algorithm for channel complex gains estimation with inter-sub-carrier- interference (ICI) reduction in orthogonal-frequency-division- multiplexing downlink mobile communication systems using comb-type pilot. Assuming delays information, the time-variation of the multipath complex gains within one OFDM symbol are obtained by interpolating the symbol time-average values, which have been previously estimated with LS criteria. After that, the channel matrix is computed and the ICI is reduced by using successive interference suppression (SIS) in data symbol detection. The algorithm's performance is further enhanced by an iterative procedure, performing channel estimation and ICI suppression at each iteration. Mean Square Error theoretical analysis and simulation results show a significant performance improvement for high normalised Doppler spread (especially after the first iteration) in comparison to conventional methods.
A new surgical approach for treating dilated cardiomyopathy with mitral regurgitation.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the early outcome of mitral valve prostheses implantation and left ventricular remodeling in 23 patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy and secondary mitral regurgitation (NYHA class III and IV). METHODS Mitral valvular prosthesis implantation with preservation of papillary muscles and chordae tendinae, and plasty of anteriun cuspid for remodeling of the left ventricle. RESULTS The surgery was performed in 23 patients, preoperative ejection fraction (echocardiography) varied from 13% to 44% (median: 30%). In 13 patients associated procedures were performed: myocardial revascularization (9), left ventricle plicature repair (3) and aortic prosthesis implantation (1). Early deaths (2) occurred on the 4th PO day (cardiogenic shock) and on the 20th PO day (upper gastrointestinal bleeding), and a late death in the second month PO (ventricular arrhythmia). Improvement occurred in NYHA class in 82. 6% of the patients (P<0.0001), with a survival rate of 86.9% (mean of 8.9 months of follow-up). CONCLUSION This technique offers a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of patients in refractory heart failure with cardiomyopathy and secondary mitral regurgitation.
A probabilistic method for inferring preferences from clicks

Evaluating rankers using implicit feedback, such as clicks on documents in a result list, is an increasingly popular alternative to traditional evaluation methods based on explicit relevance judgments. Previous work has shown that so-called interleaved comparison methods can utilize click data to detect small differences between rankers and can be applied to learn ranking functions online. In this paper, we analyze three existing interleaved comparison methods and find that they are all either biased or insensitive to some differences between rankers. To address these problems, we present a new method based on a probabilistic interleaving process. We derive an unbiased estimator of comparison outcomes and show how marginalizing over possible comparison outcomes given the observed click data can make this estimator even more effective. We validate our approach using a recently developed simulation framework based on a learning to rank dataset and a model of click behavior. Our experiments confirm the results of our analysis and show that our method is both more accurate and more robust to noise than existing methods.
Stomach Temperature Records Reveal Nursing Behaviour and Transition to Solid Food Consumption in an Unweaned Mammal, the Harbour Seal Pup (Phoca vitulina)

Knowledge of milk transfer from mother to offspring and early solid food ingestions in mammals allows for a greater understanding of the factors affecting transition to nutritional independence and pre-weaning growth and survival. Yet studies monitoring suckling behaviour have often relied on visual observations, which might not accurately represent milk intake. We assessed the use of stomach temperature telemetry to monitor suckling and foraging behaviour in free-ranging harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) pups during lactation. Stomach temperature declines were analysed using principal component and cluster analyses, as well as trials using simulated stomachs resulting in a precise classification of stomach temperature drops into milk, seawater and solid food ingestions. Seawater and solid food ingestions represented on average 15.3±1.6% [0–40.0%] and 0.7±0.2% [0–13.0%], respectively, of individual ingestions. Overall, 63.7% of milk ingestions occurred while the pups were in the water, of which 13.9% were preceded by seawater ingestion. The average time between subsequent ingestions was significantly less for seawater than for milk ingestions. These results suggest that seawater ingestion might represent collateral ingestion during aquatic suckling attempts. Alternatively, as solid food ingestions (n = 19) were observed among 7 pups, seawater ingestion could result from missed prey capture attempts. This study shows that some harbour seals start ingesting prey while still being nursed, indicating that weaning occurs more gradually than previously thought in this species. Stomach temperature telemetry represents a promising method to study suckling behaviour in wild mammals and transition to nutritional independence in various endotherm species.
Ghrelin administration suppresses inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis in mice

Ghrelin is a 28‐amino‐acid peptide that stimulates the release of pituitary growth hormone. Because of its orexigenic effects, ghrelin is being developed as a therapeutic option for postoperative support and treatment of anorexia‐cachexia syndrome of cancer patients. However, ghrelin has a multiplicity of physiological functions, and it also affects cell proliferation. Therefore, the effects of ghrelin administration on carcinogenesis and cancer progression in patients susceptible to cancer should be clarified. In this study, we examined the effects of ghrelin on cancer promotion in vivo using murine intestinal carcinogenesis models. Intestinal tumorigenesis was examined to determine the effects of either exogenous ghrelin administration or ghrelin deficiency following deletion of the Ghrl gene. Two murine intestinal tumorigenesis models were used. The first was the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced inflammation‐associated colon carcinogenesis model and the second was the ApcMin/+ genetic cancer susceptibility model. In AOM/DSS‐treated mice, administration of ghrelin significantly suppressed tumor formation in the colon. In contrast, ghrelin administration did not affect the number of intestinal tumors formed in ApcMin/+ mice. The absence of endogenous ghrelin did not affect the incidence of intestinal tumors in either AOM/DSS‐treated mice or ApcMin/+ mice, though tumor size tended to be larger in Ghrl−/− colons in the AOM/DSS model. No tumor‐promoting effect was observed by ghrelin administration in either tumorigenesis model. In summary, this study provides in vivo experimental evidence for the usefulness of ghrelin administration in the chemoprevention of inflammation‐associated colorectal carcinogenesis and may suggest its safety in patients under colitis‐associated cancer susceptibility conditions.
Group selection and social preferences

Suppose that a large number of individuals are randomly matched into groups where each group plays a finite symmetric game. Individuals breed true according to their individual material payoffs, but the expected number of surviving offspring may depend on the material payoff vector to the whole group. We show that the mean-field equation for the induced population dynamic is equivalent to the replicator dynamic for a game with payoffs derived from those in the original game. We apply this selection dynamic to a number of examples, including prisoners’ dilemma games, coordination games, hawk-dove games, a prisoners’ dilemma with a punishment option, and common-pool games. For each of these, we provide conditions under which our selection dynamic leads to other outcomes than those obtained under the usual replicator dynamic. By way of a revealedpreference argument, we show how our selection dynamic can explain certain stable behaviors that are consistent with individuals having social preferences.
[Noise magnetic fields block co-suppression effect induced by power frequency magnetic field and phorbol ester].

OBJECTIVES To explore intervention with electromagnetic noise for co-suppression effect on gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) induced or strengthened by low intensity magnetic field with carcinogen 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). METHODS Fibroblast cells from NIH 3T3 mice were exposed to extremely low intensity magnetic field (MF) 0.2 mT, 0.2 mT + TPA or/and electromagnetic noise with the same intensity of MF for 24 h, and GJIC was determined using fluorescence recovery analysis after photobleaching (FRAP) with a laser-scanning confocal microscope (Leica, Germany). RESULTS GJIC function could be co-suppressed by MF of 0.2 mT with TPA, with fluorescence recovery of (23 +/- 11)%, lower than that in the control group [(46 +/- 19)%] and in the group with TPA only [(34 +/- 17) %] (P < 0.01), indicating 0.2 mT MF plus TPA could co-inhibit GJIC (P < 0.01). Superposition of 0.2 mT noise MF could get a fluorescence recovery of (35 +/- 19)% and significantly antagonize its co-suppression by TPA. CONCLUSION Electromagnetic noise of 0.2 mT could block the intensifying effect of power frequency magnetic field on TPA-induced GJIC inhibition.
Nber Working Paper Series the Dynamics of Work and Debt the Dynamics of Work and Debt

We are grateful to Gadi Barlevy, Eric French, and Matthew Shaprio for their valuable input. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, the Federal Reserve System, or the National Bureau of Economic Research. ABSTRACT This paper characterizes the labor supply and borrowing of a household facing collateral requirements that limit its debt and compel it to accumulate equity in its durable goods stock. The household's discount rate exceeds the market rate of interest, so it would otherwise finance increased current consumption by borrowing against future wages. Collateral constraints generate a positive comovement between the household's debt, the stock of durable goods and labor supply following wage or interest rate shocks-as the household's labor supply adjusts to finance downpayments on new durable good purchases and the subsequent debt repayment. Increasing the speed of debt repayment amplifies these movements.
Deleterious Alleles in the Human Genome Are on Average Younger Than Neutral Alleles of the Same Frequency

Large-scale population sequencing studies provide a complete picture of human genetic variation within the studied populations. A key challenge is to identify, among the myriad alleles, those variants that have an effect on molecular function, phenotypes, and reproductive fitness. Most non-neutral variation consists of deleterious alleles segregating at low population frequency due to incessant mutation. To date, studies characterizing selection against deleterious alleles have been based on allele frequency (testing for a relative excess of rare alleles) or ratio of polymorphism to divergence (testing for a relative increase in the number of polymorphic alleles). Here, starting from Maruyama's theoretical prediction (Maruyama T (1974), Am J Hum Genet USA 6:669–673) that a (slightly) deleterious allele is, on average, younger than a neutral allele segregating at the same frequency, we devised an approach to characterize selection based on allelic age. Unlike existing methods, it compares sets of neutral and deleterious sequence variants at the same allele frequency. When applied to human sequence data from the Genome of the Netherlands Project, our approach distinguishes low-frequency coding non-synonymous variants from synonymous and non-coding variants at the same allele frequency and discriminates between sets of variants independently predicted to be benign or damaging for protein structure and function. The results confirm the abundance of slightly deleterious coding variation in humans.
Changes in numbers and size of synaptic vesicles of cortical neurons induced by exposure to 835 MHz radiofrequency-electromagnetic field

We studied the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) exposure on neuronal functions of mice. Particularly, we focused on RF-EMF effects on synaptic vesicles (SVs), which store neurotransmitters at axon terminals or synaptic boutons. C57 BL/6 mice were exposed to 835 MHz RF-EMF (4.0 W/kg SAR, for 5 h daily) and alterations in SVs at presynaptic terminals in the cerebral cortex were determined. Ultrastructure of randomly selected cortical neurons was observed using typical electron microscopy and bio-high voltage electron microscopy (Bio-HVEM) methods, which enable the estimation of the numbers and size of SVs. The density of the SVs (number /10 μm2 or 40 μm3) was significantly decreased in the presynaptic boutons of cortical neurons after RF-EMF exposure. Furthermore, qPCR and immunoblotting analyses revealed that the expression of synapsins I/II (Syns I/II) genes and proteins were significantly decreased in the cortical neurons of RF-EMF exposed mice. The present study suggested that alteration of SVs and Syn levels may result in alterations of neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex following RF-EMF exposure.
Serum vaspin and adiponectin levels in patients with prolactinoma

Abstract Background: Studies investigating serum vaspin and adiponectin levels in patients with prolactinoma are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum vaspin and adiponectin levels in patients with prolactinoma and healthy controls. Methods: A total of 42 prolactinoma patients (Group 1, 21 patients; Group 2, 21 patients) and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Group 1 consisted of newly diagnosed patients who were never treated or had not received a dopamine agonist (DA) within 6 months prior to screening. Group 2 consisted of prolactinoma patients who were on DA treatment for at least 6 months at the time of screening. The control group (group 3) consisted of healthy controls. Results. Patients with prolactinoma had higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and lower quantitative insulin sensitivity check index values in comparison to healthy controls (p < 0.001 for both). Serum levels of adiponectin and vaspin were also significantly lower in prolactinoma patients when compared to the control group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Following adjustment for confounding factors, the respective odds ratios for prolactinoma in patients in the lower subgroup compared with those in the higher subgroup for adiponectin and vaspin were 2.733 (0.621–12.035; p > 0.05) and 5.041 (1.191–21.339; p < 0.05). Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate the presence of low vaspin levels in patients with prolactinomas. Further studies are needed to help establish the roles of vaspin and adiponectin in prolactinoma patients.
Spin-orbit-induced orbital excitations in Sr 2 RuO 4 and Ca 2 RuO 4 : A resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study

High-resolution resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at the oxygen K edge has been used to study the orbital excitations of Ca2RuO4 and Sr2RuO4. In combination with linear dichroism x-ray absorption spectroscopy, the ruthenium 4d-orbital occupation and excitations were probed through their hybridization with the oxygen p orbitals. These results are described within a minimal model, taking into account crystal field splitting and a spin-orbit coupling λso=200 meV. The effects of spin-orbit interaction on the electronic structure and implications for the Mott and superconducting ground states of (Ca,Sr)2RuO4 are discussed.
Early Archaic Fishing (12,600–9,200 cal yr BP) in the Semiarid North Coast of Chile

ABSTRACT We present the results of the analysis of fish remains from an archaeological context (Punta Ñagué) associated with the earliest settlers in the semiarid northern coast of Chile and dated to the end of the Pleistocene (12,916–11,043 cal yr BP). The great majority of the species identified are fish that can be captured with nets in the nearshore sub-tidal and inter-tidal zones. These results, along with evidence from other early archaeological sites in northern Chile, demonstrate the early systematic exploitation of fish species, particularly Sciaenidae. These fish constituted an abundant and reliable resource, which contributed significantly to the subsistence of these early maritime-adapted settlers who populated the Pacific coast of South America.
Structural and functional analysis of the visna virus Rev-response element

The distantly related lentiviruses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and visna virus each encode a posttranscriptional regulatory protein, termed Rev, that is critical for expression of the viral structural proteins. We genetically mapped the cis-acting target sequence for visna virus Rev, the visna virus Rev-response element or RRE-V, to a complex 176-nucleotide RNA stem-loop structure that coincides with sequences encoding the N terminus of the transmembrane component of envelope. The computer-predicted structure of the RRE-V was validated by in vitro analysis of structure-specific RNase cleavage patterns. The visna virus Rev protein was shown to interact specifically with the genetically defined RRE-V in vitro but was unable to bind the HIV-1 RRE. Similarly, HIV-1 Rev was also unable to bind the RRE-V specifically. We therefore conclude that the HIV-1 and visna virus Rev proteins, while functionally analogous, nevertheless display distinct RNA sequence specificities. These findings provide a biochemical explanation for the observation that these two viral regulatory proteins are functional only in the homologous viral system.
A U-shaped relationship between haematocrit and mortality in a large prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND Only a limited number of studies have investigated the correlation between haematocrit (HCT) and mortality in the general population, and few of those studies have had data on a wide range of low and high levels of HCT. We investigated the association between baseline HCT and mortality in a prospective cohort study of 49,983 adult subjects in Iran with a broad spectrum of HCT values. METHODS Data on socio-demographic and life-style factors, past medical history, and levels of HCT were collected at enrollment. During a mean follow-up of 5 years (follow-up success rate ~99%), 2262 deaths were reported. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS There was a U-shaped relationship between categories of HCT and mortality in both sexes: both low and high levels of HCT were associated with increased overall mortality and mortality from cardiovascular disease. The U-shaped relationship persisted after several sensitivity analyses were done, including analyses restricted to non-smokers and non-users of opium; analyses excluding deaths from accidents and other external causes as well as deaths of persons with self-reported ischemic heart disease at the baseline interview for the study; and analyses excluding the first 2 years of follow-up. Self-reported past medical history and lack of data about lipids and other cellular blood components were the major limitations of the study. CONCLUSIONS Low and high levels of HCT are associated with increased mortality in the general population. The findings in the present study can be of particular importance for low- and middle-income countries in which a substantial proportion of the population lives with suboptimal levels of HCT.
INFRARED DARK CLOUDS IN THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD?

We have applied the unsharp-masking technique to the 24 μm image of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope, to search for high-extinction regions. This technique has been used to locate very dense and cold interstellar clouds in the Galaxy, particularly infrared dark clouds (IRDCs). Fifty-five candidate regions of high extinction, namely, high-contrast regions (HCRs), have been identified from the generated decremental contrast image of the SMC. Most HCRs are located in the southern bar region and mainly distributed in the outskirts of CO clouds, but most likely contain a significant amount of H2. HCRs have a peak contrast at 24 μm of 2%–2.5% and a size of 8–14 pc. This corresponds to the size of typical and large Galactic IRDCs, but Galactic IRDCs are 2–3 times darker at 24 μm than our HCRs. To constrain the physical properties of the HCRs, we have performed NH3, N2H+, HNC, HCO+, and HCN observations toward one of the HCRs, HCR LIRS36–east, using the Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Mopra single-dish radio telescope. We did not detect any molecular line emission, however, our upper limits to the column densities of molecular species suggest that HCRs are most likely moderately dense with n ∼ 103 cm−3. This volume density is in agreement with predictions for the cool atomic phase in low-metallicity environments. We suggest that HCRs may be tracing clouds at the transition from atomic to molecule-dominated medium, and could be a powerful way to study early stages of gas condensation in low-metallicity galaxies. Alternatively, if made up of dense molecular clumps <0.5 pc in size, HCRs could be counterparts of Galactic IRDCs, and/or regions with highly unusual abundance of very small dust grains.