Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does eddy-eddy interaction control surface phytoplankton distribution and carbon export in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre?

[1] In the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), the regular occurrence of summer phytoplankton blooms contributes to marine ecosystem productivity and the annual carbon export. The mechanisms underlying the formation, maintenance, and decay of these blooms remain largely unknown; nitrogen fixation, episodic vertical mixing of nutrients, and meso- (<100 km) and submesoscale (<10 km) physical processes are all hypothesized to contribute to bloom dynamics. In addition, zones of convergence in the ocean's surface layers are known to generate downwelling and/or converging currents that affect plankton distributions. It has been difficult to quantify the importance of these convergence zones in the export flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) in the open ocean. Here we use two high-resolution ocean transects across a pair of mesoscale eddies in the vicinity of Station ALOHA (22° 45′N, 158° 00′W) to show that horizontal turbulent stirring may have been a dominant control on the spatial distribution of the nitrogen fixing cyanobacteriumTrichodesmium spp. Fast repetition rate fluorometry measurements suggested that this distribution stimulated new primary production; this conclusion was not confirmed by 14C-based measurements, possibly because of different sampling scales for the two methods. Our observations of particle size distributions along the two transects showed that stretching by the mesoscale eddy field produced submesoscale features that mediated POC export via frontogenetically generated downwelling currents. This study highlights the need to combine high-resolution biogeochemical and physical data sets to understand the links betweenTrichodesmium spp. surface distribution and POC export in the NPSG at the submesoscale level.
Affective commitment and citizenship behaviors across multiple foci

Purpose – This paper seeks to examine the relationships between affective commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) across four foci: organizations, supervisors, coworkers, and customers. Further, it aims to determine whether relationships among commitments and OCBs involve mediated linkages.Design/methodology/approach – This study relies on matched employee‐supervisor data (n=216). The relative fit of different models representing relationships among commitments and OCBs was examined using structural equations modeling.Findings – Results revealed that commitments to coworkers, customers and supervisors displayed positive relationships with OCBs directed at parallel foci. In addition, commitment to the global organization partially and negatively mediated the relationship of commitments to coworkers and customers to parallel OCBs dimensions. Results also revealed cross‐foci relationships between local commitments and OCBs. Finally, no commitment target was significantly associated with or.
Hemodynamic Improvement in Cardiac Resynchronization Does Not Require Improvement in Left Ventricular Rotation Mechanics: Three-Dimensional Tagged MRI Analysis

Background—Earlier studies have yielded conflicting evidence on whether or not cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves left ventricular (LV) rotation mechanics. Methods and Results—In dogs with left bundle branch block and pacing-induced heart failure (n=7), we studied the effects of CRT on LV rotation mechanics in vivo by 3-dimensional tagged magnetic resonance imaging with a temporal resolution of 14 ms. CRT significantly improved hemodynamic parameters but did not significantly change the LV rotation or rotation rate. LV torsion, defined as LV rotation of each slice with respect to that of the most basal slice, was not significantly changed by CRT. CRT did not significantly change the LV torsion rate. There was no significant circumferential regional heterogeneity (anterior, lateral, inferior, and septal) in LV rotation mechanics in either left bundle branch block with pacing-induced heart failure or CRT, but there was significant apex-to-base regional heterogeneity. Conclusions—CRT acutely improves hemodynamic parameters without improving LV rotation mechanics. There is no significant circumferential regional heterogeneity of LV rotation mechanics in the mechanically dyssynchronous heart. These results suggest that LV rotation mechanics is an index of global LV function, which requires coordination of all regions of the left ventricle, and improvement in LV rotation mechanics appears to be a specific but insensitive index of acute hemodynamic response to CRT.
Nanostructured mesoporous silica: influence of the preparation conditions on the physical-surface properties for efficient organic dye uptake

A series of ordered mesoporous silica such as MCM-41, SBA-3 and SBA-15, in addition to silica micro- (SM) and nano- (SN) mesoporous particles, were prepared. The preparation conditions were found to greatly influence the physical-surface properties including morphological structure, porosity, particle size, aggregate average size, surface area, pore size, pore volume and zeta potential of the prepared silica, while the chemical structure, predicted from FT-IR spectra, and the diffraction patterns, predicted from wide-angle X-ray diffraction spectra, were identical. Surface areas of approximately 1500, 1027, 600, 552 and 317 m2 g−1, pore volumes of 0.93, 0.56, 0.82, 0.72 and 0.5 cm3 g−1, radii of 2.48, 2.2, 5.66, 6.6 and 8.98 nm, average aggregate sizes of 56, 65.4, 220.9, 73, 61.1 and 261 nm and zeta potential values of −32.8, −46.1, −26.3, −31.4 and −25.9 mV were obtained for MCM-41, SBA-3, SBA-15, SN and SM, respectively. Methylene blue dye uptake capacity of the prepared silica types was investigated using the batch technique and, in addition, the most effective material was further studied by the column flow system. The kinetics and isotherms of the uptake process were studied. The morphological structure, surface area, pore radius and zeta potential values were the most correlated factors.
Linear-Time Thermal Simulation of As-Manufactured Fused Deposition Modeling Components

Like many other additive manufacturing (AM) processes, fused deposition modeling (FDM) process is driven by a moving heat source, and temperature history plays an important role in determining the mechanical properties and geometry of the final parts. Thermal simulation of FDM is challenging due to geometric complexity of manufacturing process and inherent computational complexity which requires numerical solution at every time increment of the process. We describe a new approach to thermal simulation of the FDM process, formulated as an explicit finite difference method that is applied directly on asmanufactured model described by a typical manufacturing process plan. The thermal model accounts for most relevant thermal effects including heat convection and radiation to the environment, heat conduction with build platform and between adjacent roads (and adjacent layers). We show that the proposed simulation method achieves linear time complexity both theoretically and numerically. This implies that the simulation not only scales to handle three-dimensional (3D) printed components of arbitrary complexity but also can achieve real-time performance. The approach is fully implemented, validated against known analytic solutions, and is tested on realistic complex shapes. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4039556]
The population genomics of rapid adaptation: disentangling signatures of selection and demography in white sands lizards

Understanding the process of adaptation during rapid environmental change remains one of the central focal points of evolutionary biology. The recently formed White Sands system of southern New Mexico offers an outstanding example of rapid adaptation, with a variety of species having rapidly evolved blanched forms on the dunes that contrast with their close relatives in the surrounding dark soil habitat. In this study, we focus on two of the White Sands lizard species, Sceloporus cowlesi and Aspidoscelis inornata, for which previous research has linked mutations in the melanocortin‐1 receptor gene (Mc1r) to blanched coloration. We sampled populations both on and off the dunes and used a custom sequence capture assay based on probed fosmid libraries to obtain >50 kb of sequence around Mc1r and hundreds of other random genomic locations. We then used model‐based statistical inference methods to describe the demographic and adaptive history characterizing the colonization of White Sands. We identified a number of similarities between the two focal species, including strong evidence of selection in the blanched populations in the Mc1r region. We also found important differences between the species, suggesting different colonization times, different genetic architecture underlying the blanched phenotype and different ages of the beneficial alleles. Finally, the beneficial allele is dominant in S. cowlesi and recessive in A. inornata, allowing for a rare empirical test of theoretically expected patterns of selective sweeps under these differing models.
Specmurt Analysis of Polyphonic Music Signals

This paper introduces a new music signal processing method to extract multiple fundamental frequencies, which we call specmurt analysis. In contrast with cepstrum which is the inverse Fourier transform of log-scaled power spectrum with linear frequency, specmurt is defined as the inverse Fourier transform of linear power spectrum with log-scaled frequency. Assuming that all tones in a polyphonic sound have a common harmonic pattern, the sound spectrum can be regarded as a sum of linearly stretched common harmonic structures along frequency. In the log-frequency domain, it is formulated as the convolution of a common harmonic structure and the distribution density of the fundamental frequencies of multiple tones. The fundamental frequency distribution can be found by deconvolving the observed spectrum with the assumed common harmonic structure, where the common harmonic structure is given heuristically or quasi-optimized with an iterative algorithm. The efficiency of specmurt analysis is experimentally demonstrated through generation of a piano-roll-like display from a polyphonic music signal and automatic sound-to-MIDI conversion. Multipitch estimation accuracy is evaluated over several polyphonic music signals and compared with manually annotated MIDI data.
Effect of temperature (cooking and freezing) on the concentration of oxytetracycline residue in experimentally induced birds

Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of varying temperatures (different cooking methods and freezing) on the concentration of oxytetracycline (OTC) residues in tissues of broiler birds. Materials and Methods: Fifty, 5-week-old birds were purchased and acclimatized for 3 weeks while being fed antibiotic-free feed and water. Four birds were then tested for residue and in the absence; the remaining birds were injected intramuscularly with oxytetracycline at its therapeutic dose. Muscle and liver samples of the treated birds were harvested and checked for OTC residues before subjecting them to boiling, microwaving, and roasting. The three plate test was used for the residue detection. Result: OTC was detected at both pH 6.0 and pH 7.2 but not detected at pH 8.0. Roasting and boiling significantly reduced the concentration of oxytetracycline in muscle by 53.6% and 69.6%, respectively, at pH 6.0, microwaving reduced the concentration by 49.1% but was not statistically significant. The same pattern was followed at pH 7.2 with reduction of 34.3%, 53.2%, and 67.7% for microwaved, roasted, and boiled. For the liver tissues, there was a significant reduction in the concentration for both pH: 6.0 (57.75%, 79.75%, and 89%; pH 7.2 (48.06%, 79.6%, and 88.79%) for boiled, microwaved, and roasted samples. Boiling had a greater reduction effect for muscle samples while roasting had a greater reduction in liver samples at both pHs. Freezing at −10°C had no effect on the concentration of OTC even after 9 days. Conclusion: The significant reduction of OTC concentration by cooking indicates that consumers may not be at risk of the effects of OTC residues in meat, but microwaving meat may not reduce the concentration below the maximum residue limit if the initial concentration is very high. Therefore, routine monitoring of drug residues in farms and abattoirs is still advocated.
Introduced marine macroalgae and habitat modifiers : their ecological role and significant attributes

3 POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING. 5 LIST OF PAPERS. 9 LOOKING INTO THE FIELD OF NON-INDIGENOUS SPECIES. 13 Introductions of macroalgae . 13 From native to invasive species.13 Consequences of introductions. 15 Predicting invasions. 16 The key to success? 17 Risk assessment . 17 Predicting impact. 19 Introduced macroalgae . 19 Species of special concern: Gracilaria vermiculophylla. 21 OBJECTIVES AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS . 24 ABOUT METHODS. 25 Habitat modification (Paper I). 25 Species traits of macroalgae (Paper II). 25 Species traits ranking of Gracilaria vermiculophylla . 26 Gracilaria vermiculophylla surviving emerged conditions . 26 Salinity tolerance of Gracilaria vermiculophylla. 27 The spread of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Paper III) . 28 The community associated with Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Paper III) . 28 Event tree describing potential impacts of Gracilaria vermiculophylla . 29 Assessing the impact of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Paper IV) . 29 RESULTS. 31 Habitat modification (Paper I). 31 Species traits of macroalgae (Paper II). 33 Ranking of Gracilaria vermiculophylla . 33 Gracilaria vermiculophylla surviving emerged conditions . 34 Salinity tolerance of Gracilaria vermiculophylla. 36 The spread of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Paper III) . 37 The community associated with Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Paper III) . 38 Event tree describing potential impacts of Gracilaria vermiculophylla . 38 Assessing the impact of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Paper IV) . 40 DISCUSSION . 42 Laws and regulations. 46 Management aspects. 47 QUESTIONS AND OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE. 50 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 51 GLOSSARY. 52 REFERENCES. 56 ___________________________________________________________________________
Sound Symbolic Patterns in Pokémon Names

Abstract This paper presents a case study of sound symbolism, cases in which certain sounds tend to be associated with particular meanings. We used the corpus of all Japanese Pokémon names available as of October 2016. We tested the effects of voiced obstruents, mora counts, and vowel quality on Pokémon characters' size, weight, strength parameters, and evolution levels. We found that the number of voiced obstruents in Pokémon names correlates positively with size, weight, evolution levels, and general strength parameters, except for speed. We argue that this result is compatible with the frequency code hypothesis of Ohala. The number of moras in Pokémon names correlates positively with size, weight, evolution levels, and all strength parameters. Vowel height is also shown to have an influence on size and weight - Pokémon characters with initial high vowels tend to be smaller and lighter, although the effect size is not very large. Not only does this paper offer a new case study of sound symbolism, it provides evidence that sound symbolism is at work when naming proper nouns.
Ten‐year follow‐up study of Japanese patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a well‐known chronic illness. This study retrospectively investigated 10‐year outcomes and associated clinical factors in Japanese OCD patients. We focused on the impact of several sociocultural factors, including medical expenses and insurance systems specific to each country, on the differences or biases in follow‐up procedures of OCD.
The semianalytical cloud retrieval algorithm for SCIAMACHY II. The application to MERIS and SCIAMACHY data

The SemiAnalytical CloUd Retrieval Algorithm (SACURA) is applied to the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) data. In particular, we derive simultaneously cloud optical thickness (COT) and cloud top height (CTH), using SCIAMACHY measurements in the visible (442 nm, COT) and in the oxygen A-band (755–775 nm, CTH). Some of the results obtained are compared with those derived from the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), which has better spatial resolution and observes almost the same scene as SCIAMACHY. The same cloud algorithm is applied to both MERIS and SCIAMACHY data. In addition, we perform the vicarious calibration of SCIAMACHY at the wavelength 442 nm, using MERIS measurements at the same wavelength. Differences in the retrieved COT for the same cloud field obtained using MERIS and SCIAMACHY measurements are discussed.
Modelling the immune response to malaria with ecological concepts: short-term behaviour against long-term equilibrium

A model for the human immune response to the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is used to analyse the dynamics of an infection within an individual patient. Previous models either looked at competition between two parasite genotypes or at one parasite clone and the immune response to it. This model describes the course of an infection caused by the blood stages of two parasite genotypes differing in reproductive rate and in the immune response they elicit. The interactions between the genotypes can be interpreted as exploitative competition for red blood cells. Interactions between omnipotent immune cells and parasites resemble a predator–prey relation. In analysing these kinds of models, classical theoretical ecology usually deals with long-term behaviours, i. e. looks for equilibria and conditions for coexistence. However, especially in endemic regions with ongoing transmission, an equilibrium state of infections is unlikely. When reinfections with another parasite genotype were considered, the short-term dynamics of the infection changed dramatically, depending on which genotype was first, when the second one appeared, and what kind of immune response was elicited. If the slow development of immunity to malaria really is due to its genotype specificity, the effects of superinfections will be of great importance.
Long Course Hyperbaric Oxygen Stimulates Neurogenesis and Attenuates Inflammation after Ischemic Stroke

Several studies have provided evidence with regard to the neuroprotection benefits of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in cases of stroke, and HBO also promotes bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) proliferation and mobilization. This study investigates the influence of HBO therapy on the migration of BMSCs, neurogenesis, gliosis, and inflammation after stroke. Rats that sustained transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were treated with HBO three weeks or two days. The results were examined using a behavior test (modified neurological severity score, mNSS) and immunostaining to evaluate the effects of HBO therapy on migration of BMSCs, neurogenesis, and gliosis, and expression of neurotrophic factors was also evaluated. There was a lower mNSS score in the three-week HBO group when compared with the two-day HBO group. Mobilization of BMSCs to an ischemic area was more improved in long course HBO treatments, suggesting the duration of therapy is crucial for promoting the homing of BMSCs to ischemic brain by HBO therapies. HBO also can stimulate expression of trophic factors and improve neurogenesis and gliosis. These effects may help in neuronal repair after ischemic stroke, and increasing the course of HBO therapy might enhance therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke.
Illicit Use of Prescription ADHD Medications on a College Campus: A Multimethodological Approach

Objective: The authors used quantitative and qualitative methodologies to investigate college students' perceptions and use of illegal Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) stimulants during spring and summer 2006. Participants: From fall 2005 through fall 2006, the authors studied 1,811 undergraduates at a large, public, southeastern research university in the United States. Methods: The authors administered surveys to these students and conducted 175 in-depth interviews. Results: Of the study participants, 34% reported the illegal use of ADHD stimulants. Most illegal users reported using ADHD stimulants primarily in periods of high academic stress and found them to reduce fatigue while increasing reading comprehension, interest, cognition, and memory. Furthermore, most had little information about the drug and found procurement to be both easy and stigmafree. Conclusions: This study supplies a rich understanding of the growing national trend of illegal ADHD stimulant use. The authors discuss strategies for stemming the tide of ADHD stimulant use.
Remylamyctes (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha), a henicopid centipede from Madagascar and R union

Restudy of the syntypes of Remylamyctes straminea Attems, 1951, from Madagascar and R union, indicates membership of this monotypic genus in the Henicopini rather than the Zygethobiini. The supposed restriction of spiracles to segments 5, 10 and 12 is in error; R. straminea has spiracles on segments 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 and 14, as in all Henicopini. An alleged absence of distal spinose projections on any legs is also erroneous; the species has sclerotised, spine-like tibial projections as in all other Henicopidae. Remylamyctes straminea possess the apomorphic characters of Lamyctes Meinert, 1868, which includes other blind, parthenogenetic species, and the genus is accordingly placed in subjective synonymy with Lamyctes. Lamyctes straminea is identical with L. coeculus (Br lemann, 1889), a nearly cosmopolitan, synanthropic species, and is unlikely to be native to either Madagascar or R union.
Measurement of basic taste substances by a fiber optic taste sensor using evanescent field absorption

component analysis (PCA) A multichannel taste sensor using evanescent field absorption in fiber optics was developed, and its characteristics were evaluated for several substances with basic and mixed tastes. Optical response patterns were obtained from two kinds of sensing membranes; one is a dye/silicon polymer membrane, and the other is a dye/lipid/PVC-PVAc-PVA copolymer membrane. The sensor output exhibits different patterns for chemical substances that are responsible for tastes such as salty, sour, bitter, sweet, and umami. This optical fiber taste system was successfully applied in testing several commercial soybean sauces and ionic drinks. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to express these taste qualities quantitatively on the basis of the output patterns of the taste sensor. These subtle differences are difficult to differentiate with the human tongue, but our experimental results demonstrated that it is possible to discriminate between tastes by the difference in their output patterns.