Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotion Circuits in the Brain

The field of neuroscience has, after a long period of looking the other way, again embraced emotion as an important research area. Much of the progress has come from studies of fear, and especially fear conditioning. This work has pin- pointed the amygdala as an important component of the system involved in the acqui- sition, storage, and expression of fear memory and has elucidated in detail how stimuli enter, travel through, and exit the amygdala. Some progress has also been made in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie fear conditioning, and recent studies have also shown that the findings from experimental animals apply to the human brain. It is important to remember why this work on emotion succeeded where past efforts failed. It focused on a psychologically well-defined aspect of emo- tion, avoided vague and poorly defined concepts such as "affect," "hedonic tone," or "emotional feelings," and used a simple and straightforward experimental approach. With so much research being done in this area today, it is important that the mistakes of the past not be made again. It is also time to expand from this foundation into broader aspects of mind and behavior
How to outperform IEEE802.11: Interference Aware (IA) MAC

Wireless networks are nowadays very popular. They are mostly based on IEEE802.11 protocol which is known to show low performance in ad hoc networks. Also when infastructured networks (many access points are placed) are considered, a single transmission could block many radio cells. In this work, we propose Interference Aware (IA) MAC, a modified version of standard IEEE802.11. The main idea is not to set the Network Allocation Vector (NAV) on the reception of each RTS and CTS, but only when it is strictly required, i.e., when a concurrent transmission could actually destroy another transmission. To make it feasible, we propose to insert some information about interference and received power levels into IEEE802.11 control packets. We show the effectiveness of IA MAC by means of an analytical investigation.
Measuring the Ghost In the Nursery: An Empirical Study of the Relation between Parents' Mental Representations of Childhood Experiences And Their Infants' Security of Attachment

This paper presents a summary of the Anna Freud Centre-University College London, Parent-Child Project. Its most important finding was that the security of the infants' relationship with both parents at 12 and 18 months could be predicted on the basis of qualitative aspects of the parents' accounts of their own childhoods collected before the birth of the child. This confirmed Selma Fraiberg's observations concerning the reemergence of childhood conflicts at early stages of childbearing. Possible mechanisms mediating this link are explored with particular reference to the role of the parents' accurate mental representations of the infants' menial world.
Safety and efficacy of Intralipid emulsions of amphotericin B.

obtained for MBC values: these ranged from 4.0 to 64.0 mg/L of vancomycin. In the case of five derivatives, the MBC:MIC ratio 32; these were classified as tolerant strains. Such high increases in MBC values were observed in all derivative lysogenized with group A phages and in all lysogenized with group F phages. Among group A phages two were double-converting (SAK , HLB ; M21, PS81) and one was triple-converting (SAK , HLB , SEA ; M421-1) (Table). The group F phages were double-converting (SAK , HLB ; M18, M658-2), similar to those described by Coleman et al. The maternal strains from which the group A and F phages were induced were also found to be vancomycin-tolerant (Table). As a control, two derivatives lysogenized with group B phages induced from non-tolerant strains were examined. Those derivatives were also non-tolerant to vancomycin. These results suggest that lysogenization status with some double-converting phages of serological group F and some doubleor triple-converting phages of serological g r o u p A can influence tolerance of vancomycin phenomenon in S. aureus.
Bioavailability of caffeic acid in rats and its absorption properties in the Caco-2 cell model

Abstract Context: Caffeic acid (CA) is widely distributed in edible plants, and it is beneficial to human health by exerting various biological effects. The potential pharmacological activities of CA are dependent on its absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Objective: To investigate the bioavailability of CA in rats and its absorption properties in the Caco-2 cell model. Materials and methods: A sensitive LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to determine CA in rat plasma, perfusate, and Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS). The absolute bioavailability (Fabs) of CA was obtained after i.v. (2 mg/kg) or i.g. administration (10 mg/kg) to rats. Blood samples (approximately 250 µL) were collected from the jugular vein catheter. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the 3P97 software (version 2.0 PK software; Chinese Society of Mathematical Pharmacology, Anhui, China). The intestinal absorption of CA was explored by the in situ vascularly perfused rat intestinal preparation. CA (5 mg/kg) was administered into the duodenum. Samples (250 µL) were collected from reservoir at specific times, and the same volume fresh perfusate was replaced. The Caco-2 cell model was applied to measure the permeability of CA from the apical to basolateral side (A → B) and from the basolateral to apical side (B → A). Results: The absolute bioavailability (Fabs) of CA was 14.7%, and its intestinal absorption was 12.4%. The Papp A→B values of CA were ranging from (4.87 ± 1.72) × 10−7 cm/s to (5.05 ± 0.66) × 10−7 cm/s as the concentration varied from 5 to 15 µg/mL. Conclusion: CA was shown to have low oral bioavailability in rats, low intestinal absorption, and poor permeability across Caco-2 cells.
Designing the Behavior of Interactive Objects

To design proactive and autonomous interactive objects, designers deal with the design of the object's behavior. In this paper, we propose a design method, called Personality, to help designers develop interactive objects' behaviors with a focus on aesthetics of interaction; the method focuses on tangible and bodily interaction, and it includes four main steps. The "unguided improvisation" step consists of an initial interplay with the interactive object in order to size up the interaction; a brainstorming step, in which we use stereotypes of personalities to create metaphors, to support the discussion around, and the description of, possible behaviors; the "guided improvisation" step iterates over several improvisation sessions to act out interaction scenarios and behaviors; and the behavior synthesis step, in which we provide a final description of the object's behavior. To illustrate Personality we will describe the sofa-bot case study. We will report a lab study, in which we observed people reaction to the different behaviors of the sofa.
Child Labor and Africanist Scholarship: A Critical Overview

Abstract: Though children's labor has been critical to African economies historically, Africanist scholars tend to treat child and adolescent workers as invisible. In this essay, the reasons for this neglect are explored, as are the consequences of such neglect for theory and empirical research. Suggestions are made for pursuing research on child and adolescent labor that places young workers within the broader context of economic, social, and political relationships and processes. The essay critically reviews the extant scholarly literature on children and work in the pre-colonial, colonial, and postcolonial periods and concludes that child labor is either underresearched or undertheorized to the detriment of our understanding of gender, patriarchy, agency, the formation of worker and political consciousness, capital accumulation, and the state. The essay argues that children have shaped and continue to shape history in Africa and that childhood is a terrain of struggle in which numerous social and political forces (including children, patriarchy, capital, and the state) seek constructions that suit their particular (and changing) interests. The essay makes a plea to Africanist scholars to take children more seriously in their research.
What is emotional intelligence at work

Anna Koczwara BA, MSc, PhD, C. Psychol Senior Consultant, Work Psychology Group Tamsin Bullock BSc, MSc Higher Psychologist, Occupational Psychology Team, Home Office Over the past decade, emotional intelligence has been a popular topic of research and debate in the business psychology literature. Emotional intelligence is concerned with an individual’s capacity to recognise emotions (their own and those of others) and to understand and regulate emotions across social situations. Interventions designed to develop skills associated with emotional intelligence can be beneficial in understanding and improving areas of job performance; thereby helping individuals to develop confidence and competence to deal with emotionally charged situations. This article presents an overview of academic models of emotional intelligence, followed by discussion of its relevance to GPs. A case study shows how emotional intelligence has been used to develop feedback skills in Home Office employees, and the authors comment on how GPs could develop their emotional intelligence to benefit themselves, their patients and the wider practice team. Abstract
Modelling coffee leaf rust risk in Colombia with climate reanalysis data

Many fungal plant diseases are strongly controlled by weather, and global climate change is thus likely to have affected fungal pathogen distributions and impacts. Modelling the response of plant diseases to climate change is hampered by the difficulty of estimating pathogen-relevant microclimatic variables from standard meteorological data. The availability of increasingly sophisticated high-resolution climate reanalyses may help overcome this challenge. We illustrate the use of climate reanalyses by testing the hypothesis that climate change increased the likelihood of the 2008–2011 outbreak of Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR, Hemileia vastatrix) in Colombia. We develop a model of germination and infection risk, and drive this model using estimates of leaf wetness duration and canopy temperature from the Japanese 55-Year Reanalysis (JRA-55). We model germination and infection as Weibull functions with different temperature optima, based upon existing experimental data. We find no evidence for an overall trend in disease risk in coffee-growing regions of Colombia from 1990 to 2015, therefore, we reject the climate change hypothesis. There was a significant elevation in predicted CLR infection risk from 2008 to 2011 compared with other years. JRA-55 data suggest a decrease in canopy surface water after 2008, which may have helped terminate the outbreak. The spatial resolution and accuracy of climate reanalyses are continually improving, increasing their utility for biological modelling. Confronting disease models with data requires not only accurate climate data, but also disease observations at high spatio-temporal resolution. Investment in monitoring, storage and accessibility of plant disease observation data are needed to match the quality of the climate data now available. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.
The Evolution of Epistasis and Its Links With Genetic Robustness, Complexity and Drift in a Phenotypic Model of Adaptation

The epistatic interactions among mutations have a large effect on the evolution of populations. In this article we provide a formalism under which epistatic interactions among pairs of mutations have a distribution whose mean can be modulated. We find that the mean epistasis is correlated to the effect of mutations or genetic robustness, which suggests that such formalism is in good agreement with most in silico models of evolution where the same pattern is observed. We further show that the evolution of epistasis is highly dependant on the intensity of drift and of how complex the organisms are, and that either positive or negative epistasis could be selected for, depending on the balance between the efficiency of selection and the intensity of drift.
UNDERSTANDING THE TRANSITION FROM NORMAL COGNITIVE AGING TO MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: COMPARING THE INTRAINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY IN COGNITIVE FUNCTION

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy UNDERSTANDING THE TRANSITION FROM NORMAL COGNITIVE AGING TO MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: COMPARING THE INTRAINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY IN COGNITIVE FUNCTION By Karin J. M. McCoy December 2004 Chair: Michael Marsiske Cochair: Russell M. Bauer Major Department: Clinical and Health Psychology Intraindividual variability describes fluctuation or transient change in performance, and can be measured by repeated assessment of an ability or trait over a short period of time. Intraindividual variability in biological systems has been demonstrated to indicate systemic compromise (e.g., loss of homeostatic regulation). Consequently, one theory investigators have begun to research is whether intraindividual variability or fluctuation in cognitive performance may be an indicator of cognitive decline. Additionally, a second theory suggests that fluctuations in cognitive performance may be greater during periods of learning acquisition, with a corresponding reduction in variability following the acquisition phase. This study investigated intraindividual variability of cognition on measures of attention, processing speed, working memory, and episodic memory in older adults (over 65 years of age) with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI), by
Assessment of Duration of Staying Free from Acquiring Rehappening Opportunistic Infections among Pre-ART People Living with HIV/AIDS between 2008 and 2013

Introduction. In regional state of the study area, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) prevalence is 2.2% and opportunistic infections (OIs) occurred in 88.9% of pre-ART (Antiretroviral Therapy) people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Even though OIs are prevalent in the study area, duration of staying free from acquiring rehappening opportunistic infections and its determinant factors are not studied. Method. The study was conducted in randomly selected 341 adult Pre-ART PLWHA who are included in chronic HIV care. OI free duration was estimated using the actuarial life table and Kaplan Meier survival. Cox proportional-hazard model was used to calculate hazard rate. Result. OIs were rediagnosed in three quarters (75.37%) participants. In each week the probability of getting new recurrence OI was about 15.04 per 1000 person weeks. The median duration of not acquiring OI recurrence was 54 weeks. After adjustment, variables associated with recurrence were employment status, marital status, exposure for prophylaxis and adherence to it, CD4 count, and hemoglobin value. Conclusion. Giving prophylaxis and counseling to adhere it, rise in CD4 and hemoglobin level, and enhancing job opportunities should be given for PLWHA who are on chronic HIV care while continuing the care.
Examining Online Social Network Use and Its Effect on the Use of Privacy Settings and Profile Disclosure

Online social networks (OSN) have become a part of our daily lives whether they are used for socialization and communication or to promote business interests. OSN have become an important tool for businesses to advertise, create brand awareness, and promote their products and services. Business use of OSN for advertising purposes is highly reliant on targeted ads which display advertisements to OSN users based on their demographics and use of OSN, apps, and websites. Thus, one of the most valuable commodities of OSN is the population of users and the information they share. To investigate the relationship between OSN site use, use of privacy settings, and how they relate to profile disclosure, a model is built based on the theory of reasoned action and the privacy calculus model. To validate the model, a survey is conducted and the results are analyzed with partial least squares. Risk and benefit were both shown to be significant antecedents of attitude. Both attitude and subjective norm, from the theory of reasoned action model, significantly affected OSN site use, while omitting intentions. OSN site use was significantly related to both profile disclosure and use of privacy settings. Last, use of privacy settings significantly affected profile disclosure. These results imply that use of privacy settings does not decrease the rate of disclosure. Giving users tools to protect their private information is important in protecting the privacy of OSN users, and it will lead to increases in safe disclosure of information helping OSN target ads effectively.
Adaptive reconfiguration of fractal small-world human brain functional networks

Brain function depends on adaptive self-organization of large-scale neural assemblies, but little is known about quantitative network parameters governing these processes in humans. Here, we describe the topology and synchronizability of frequency-specific brain functional networks using wavelet decomposition of magnetoencephalographic time series, followed by construction and analysis of undirected graphs. Magnetoencephalographic data were acquired from 22 subjects, half of whom performed a finger-tapping task, whereas the other half were studied at rest. We found that brain functional networks were characterized by small-world properties at all six wavelet scales considered, corresponding approximately to classical δ (low and high), θ, α, β, and γ frequency bands. Global topological parameters (path length, clustering) were conserved across scales, most consistently in the frequency range 2–37 Hz, implying a scale-invariant or fractal small-world organization. Dynamical analysis showed that networks were located close to the threshold of order/disorder transition in all frequency bands. The highest-frequency γ network had greater synchronizability, greater clustering of connections, and shorter path length than networks in the scaling regime of (lower) frequencies. Behavioral state did not strongly influence global topology or synchronizability; however, motor task performance was associated with emergence of long-range connections in both β and γ networks. Long-range connectivity, e.g., between frontal and parietal cortex, at high frequencies during a motor task may facilitate sensorimotor binding. Human brain functional networks demonstrate a fractal small-world architecture that supports critical dynamics and task-related spatial reconfiguration while preserving global topological parameters.
The neglected shadow : European perspectives on emotional supports for early school leaving prevention

Recent OECD reports emphasise ten key steps to equity in education, with concrete targets related to low attainment and early school leaving. Such steps, however, neglect the importance of emotional dimensions to early sch ool leaving and the consequent need for system level emotional supports. The current st udy involves qualitative research interviews with senior government officials and sec ondary school management representatives across eight European countries, wi th a particular focus on school climate and emotional support issues. Issues raised by inte rviewees for students at risk of early school leaving include supports for withdrawn child ren, for those at risk of suicide and those being bullied at school affecting their nonat tendance. Other emerging themes include alternatives to suspension and teacher educ ation for improving their conflict resolution skills. Some interviewees explicitly obs erve the dearth of emotional support services available in practice in their countries. The pervasive policy gaps across national levels for a mental health and emotional support st rategy, as part of an early school leaving prevention strategy, requires serious and i mmediate attention.
Comprehensive analysis of spectral minutiae for vein pattern recognition

Similar to biometric fingerprint recognition, characteristic minutiae points - here end and branch points - can be extracted from skeletonised vein images to distinguish individuals. An approach to extract those vein minutiae and to transform them into a fixed-length, translation and scale invariant representation where rotations can be easily compensated is presented in this study. The proposed solution based on spectral minutiae is evaluated against other comparison strategies on three different datasets of wrist and palm dorsal vein samples. The authors- analysis shows a competitive biometric performance while producing features that are compatible with state-of-the-art template protection systems. In addition, a modified and more distinctive, but not transform or rotation invariant, representation is proposed and evaluated.
Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc: Methodological Limits of Performance‐Oriented Studies in CSR

This paper enquires into the possibility of establishing a causal link between social performance (SP) and financial performance (FP) in corporate social responsibility (CSR). It shows that this endeavour is limited by several biasing factors (such as time horizons, sample choices and the tools chosen to measure SP and FP) and faces the logical fallacy post hoc ergo propter hoc (after this, therefore because of this), which indicates that a sequence of events does not necessarily establish a causal link. The paper contributes to the methodological literature in CSR currently focused on empirical tests aiming to discern the linkages between SP and FP, both by emphasising the interest in interpreting and justifying SP and by suggesting a redirection of empirical efforts towards the understanding of entrepreneurial preference for a specific type of SP.
Improvisation as a Mindset for Organizational Analysis

The emphasis in organizational theory on order and control often handicaps theorists when they want to understand the processes of creativity and innovation. Symptoms of the handicap are discussions of innovation that include the undifferentiated use of concepts like flexibility, risk, and novelty; forced either-or distinctions between exploration and exploitation; focus on activities such as planning, visioning, and strategizing as sites where improvements are converted into intentions that await implementation; and reliance on routine, reliability, repetition, automatic processing, and memory as the glue that holds organization in place. Since the term “organization” itself denotes orderly arrangements for cooperation, it is not surprising that mechanisms for rearranging these orders in the interest of adaptation, have not been developed as fully. (See Eisenberg (1990) for an important exception. ) That liability can be corrected if we learn how to talk about the process of improvisation. Thus, the purpose of this essay is to improve the way we talk about organizational improvisation, using the vehicle of jazz improvisation as the source of orienting ideas. I start with two brief descriptions of the complexity involved when musicians compose in the moment. Then I review several definitions intended to capture holistically what is happening when people improvise. Next, I take a closer look at selected details in improvisation, namely, degrees of improvisation, forms for improvisation, and cognition in improvisation. These understandings are then generalized from jazz to other settings such as conversation, therapy, and relationships of command. I conclude with implications for theory and practice.