Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Children in Conflict with the Law in the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and Pag-asa (Hope) Youth Center in Iligan City

This paper examined the experiences of children in conflict with the law (CICL) in the light of the lower-class-based theories of delinquency and labeling theory. Information on the current circumstances of the youth offender in the local context should prove useful as basis of concrete recommendations for policy decisions and courses of action for those concerned with children’s welfare. The same information are vital for agencies and stakeholders in the five pillars of the justice system such as the law enforcement, the prosecution, the court, the penal system and the community. The study focused on the Tipanoy Jail under the BJMP and the Pag-asa (Hope) Youth Centre, the detention and rehabilitation centre of Iligan City. The study covered a total of two semesters. The Lower-Class-Based Theory of Delinquency and the Labelling Theory provided the framework of this study. These theories explicate why youth offenders seem dominant in the lower-class sector of the population and how devastating the effects of labelling on them as individuals. Data were gathered from a sample of 15 CICL and 15 non-CICL. Key informants from the DSWD, PNP, BJMP, RTC as well as parents of CICL were also involved. Personal interview, questionnaire, FGDs and case studies were utilized in data collection In turn, these were analyzed qualitatively whenever necessary and applicable, frequencies and percentages were used and data were displayed in tables and graph. Recommendations were offered based on findings. The findings are as follows: theorized factors such as overcrowding, poor housing, house ownership and type of home (broken home) were found to have influenced the commission of crimes, while migration status, employment status of father and mother were found to have nothing to do with commission of crimes.
Theoretical error rate analysis of trellis shaped M-QAM constellations

Trellis shaping (TS) is a promising technique for controlling signal transition and capable of making the shape of the signal into a desired form by exploiting the trellis structure of convolutional codes. TS was originally proposed by Forney for the average power reduction of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals, and subsequently, it has found its application in the field of the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction of the single-carrier as well as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. So far, due to its rather complicated signal generation structure, the performance of TS has been studied mostly based on computer simulations and, to the best of the authors' knowledge, its precise theoretical analysis has been left undeveloped even for uncoded cases. In this paper, we thus analyze the theoretical symbol error rate (SER) and bit error rate (BER) of TS over AWGN and frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels and develop their closed form expressions that asymptotically match the exact results obtained by the simulations.
Natural history and survival of 14 patients with corticobasal degeneration confirmed at postmortem examination

OBJECTIVE To analyse the natural history and survival of corticobasal degeneration by investigating the clinical features of 14 cases confirmed by postmortem examination. METHODS Patients with definite corticobasal degeneration were selected from the research and clinical files of seven tertiary medical centres in Austria, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Clinical features were analysed in detail. RESULTS The sample consisted of eight female and six male patients; mean age at symptom onset was 63 (SD 7.7) years, and mean disease duration was 7.9 (SD 2.6) years. The most commonly reported symptom at onset included asymmetric limb clumsiness with or without rigidity (50%) or tremor (21%). At the first neurological visit, on average 3.0 (SD 1.9) years after symptom onset, the most often encountered extrapyramidal features included unilateral limb rigidity (79%) or bradykinesia (71%), postural imbalance (45%), and unilateral limb dystonia (43%). Ideomotor apraxia (64%), and to a lesser extent cortical dementia (36%), were the most common cortical signs present at the first visit. During the course of the disease, virtually all patients developed asymmetric or unilateral akinetic rigid parkinsonism and a gait disorder. No patient had a dramatic response to levodopa therapy. Median survival time after onset of symptoms was 7.9 (SD 0.7) (range, 2.5–12.5) years, and, after the first clinic visit, 4.9 (SD 0.7) (range, 0.8–10) years. Early bilateral bradykinesia, frontal syndrome, or two out of tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, predicted a shorter survival. CONCLUSION The results confirm that unilateral parkinsonism unresponsive to levodopa and limb ideomotor apraxia are the clinical hallmarks of corticobasal degeneration, and only a minority of patients with corticobasal degeneration present with dementia. The study also suggests that a focal cognitive and extrapyramidal motor syndrome is indicative of corticobasal degeneration. Survival in corticobasal degeneration was shortened by the early presence of (more) widespread parkinsonian features or frontal lobe syndrome.
Aspirin‐induced increases in soluble IL‐1 receptor type II concentrations in vitro and in vivo

This study examined the influence of low‐dose aspirin on interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra), and soluble receptor type II (sIL‐1RII) secretion in vivo and in vitro. Blood mononuclear cells were isolated from healthy young men who ingested 81 mg of aspirin on alternate days for 2 weeks and from unmedicated controls. Aspirin had minor effects on ex vivo secretion of IL‐1β and no influence on IL‐1ra. In contrast, unstimulated ex vivo secretion of sIL‐1RII was over twice as high by cells from aspirin‐treated subjects (1115 ± 123 vs. 460 ± 77 pg/mL, P = 0.02). Lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated sIL‐1RII secretion was influenced similarly. Plasma sIL‐1RII concentrations were 23% higher in aspirin‐treated subjects (10.2 ± 0.6 vs. 8.4 ± 0.3 ng/mL, P = 0.03). In addition, cells from unmedicated subjects cultured in vitro with aspirin (10 μg/mL) secreted significantly greater amounts of sIL‐1RII. Thus, low‐dose aspirin therapy may prevent inflammation by increasing soluble receptor secretion, thereby preventing IL‐1 from binding target cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 65: 863–866; 1999.
Shock Trial Simulation for Naval Ships

Current Navy implementation of statutory requirements for naval surface combatants dictates the performance of a ship shock trial in order to determine the vulnerability of a ship to an underwater explosion (UNDEX) non-contact shock threat environment. The shock trial features a series of shots, typically three to four, at increasing levels of severity culminating in a two-thirds ship design level shock. The intensity is limited to two-thirds design primarily for crew safety considerations. Velocity and acceleration response data collected during the shock trial is then extrapolated to full design level and compared to equipment shock qualification levels in order to predict equipment performance. Over the past 20 years, five whole-ship shock trials have been conducted on AEGIS ships: CG 48, CG 53, CG 62 (limited), DDG 53 and most recently on DDG 81. Although the lessons learned from these shock trials have been invaluable, we have now reached a level of diminishing returns (Shin and Schneider 2003). Furthermore, today’s battlefield threat scenario has changed dramatically from that which formed the basis for the existing LFT&E shock trial requirement. In view of this, and given the significant costs and the environmental considerations associated with conducting shock trials, the time is ripe for a new approach. The computer modeling and simulation process presented herein has been shown to be a multifaceted and cost-effective predictive tool with the potential of changing the existing paradigm in ship shock trial program.
Author ' s personal copy Evaluating functional decline in patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease with a wide-ranging impact on functional status. The aim of the study was to examine the added value of simultaneously evaluating fatigue, personal ADL and handwriting performance as indicators for functional decline among patients with MS. Participants were 50 outpatients with MS and 26 matched healthy controls. Data collection instruments included a disability status scale, the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS). Handwriting performance was evaluated by objective computerized measures of the handwriting process (ComPET). Significant differences were found between patients with MS and control subjects in their fatigue level, their PSMS score and In-air time per stroke while writing. The FSS together with specific PSMS items and handwriting measures achieved correct classification of 87.7% of the participants. These results are the first step towards demonstrating the added value of evaluating body function outcomes (fatigue) together with activity performance (handwriting and ADL) to document functional decline among patients with MS. These results may contribute to the development of practical intervention strategies targeted at improving performance abilities among patients with MS. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author. Tel. : +972 4 8240474; fax: +972 4 8249753. E-mail address: rosens@research.haifa. ac.il (S. Rosenblum).
Blind Equalization of Complex I/Q Independent Sources with Phase Recovery

Blind equalization which only requires the output signal is of great interest in data communication systems when there is no available information data to train the equalizer. Nevertheless, complex sources are recovered with an arbitrary phase rotation in such applications. In this paper, we prove that blind equalization of complex source can be converted to blind separation of real 2×2 convolutive mixture where the source signals are the in-phase and quadrature components of complex source. As a result, multichannel blind deconvolution (MBD) algorithms can be used to address the problem. Simulations results show that the proposed scheme not only unravels the effects of convolution performed by a linear complex system operating on a complex input signals which have independent inphase and quadrature components, but also eliminate the phase indeterminacy simultaneously. What is more, the I/Q MBD scheme for blind equalization has more robust performance than the famous multimodulus algorithm (MMA).
Software Renting in the Era of Cloud Computing

In the new era of computing, software can be sold and delivered as a cloud service, and software renting has become as a strategic tool to compete in the market. Software renting has several advantages from the customer's point of view. However, for software providers it is challenging to ensure a profitable revenue stream when a license fee is replaced by a periodic rental fee. In this study, software renting was found to help the case firms to differentiate themselves from competitors; it also increased their competitive advantage by making the software available for a larger customer group. However, the negotiating power of larger customers impacted on software pricing, rental agreements, and the revenue model.
Eecient Method of Moments 1

We describe a computationally intensive methodology for the estimation and analysis of partially observable nonlinear systems. An example from epidemiology is the SEIR model, which is a system of di erential equations with random coe cients that describes a population in terms of four state variables: those susceptible to a disease, those exposed to it, those infected by it, and those recovered from it. Only those infected by the disease are known to public health o cials. An example from nance is the continuous-time stochastic volatility model, which is a system of stochastic di erential equations that describes a security's price and instantaneous variance. Only the security's price can be observed directly. System parameters are estimated by a variant of simulated method of moments known as e cient method of moments (EMM). The idea is to the match moments implied by the system to moments implied by the transition density for observables. System analysis is accomplished by reprojection. Reprojection is carried out by projecting a long simulation from the estimated system onto an appropriate representation of a relationship of interest. A general purpose representation is a Hermite expansion of the conditional density of state variables given observables. A reprojection density thus obtained embodies all constraints implied by the nonlinear system and is analytically convenient. As an instance, nonlinear ltering can be accomplished by computing the conditional mean of the reprojection density and evaluating it at observed values from the data. Ideas are illustrated by using the methodology to assess the dynamics of a stochastic volatility model for daily Microsoft closing prices.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR BUSINESS ENTERPRISES IN THE UNITED STATES

Institutional efforts in the U.S. to develop a conceptual framework for business enterprises can be traced to the Paton and Littleton monograph in 1940 and later to the two Accounting Research Studies by Moonitz and Sprouse in 1962–1963. A committee of the American Accounting Association issued an influential report in which it advocated a “decision usefulness” approach in 1966, which was carried forward in 1973 by the report of the American Institute of CPAs' Trueblood Committee. All of this laid the groundwork for the conceptual framework project of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), which published six concepts statements between 1978 and 1985. A seventh concepts statement is likely to be published in 2000. It is still not clear how the FASB's conceptual framework has influenced the setting of accounting standards, and some academic commentators are skeptical of the usefulness of all normative conceptual framework projects.
Coronal outflow dominated accretion discs: a new possibility for low-luminosity black holes?

The spectral-energy distributions of galactic black holes in the low/hard state and of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) possess many common features, the most prominent being: compact, flat- (or inverted-)spectrum radio cores with high brightness temperatures; excess red and infrared emission, often correlated with the radio flux; an extremely weak (or absent) quasi-thermal hump and a hard-X-ray power-law with high-energy cut-off. These sources are thought to be accreting at low rates, and advection- (or convection-)dominated accretion flows are usually considered the best candidates to explain them. Here we present an alternative possibility, involving strong, unbound, magnetic coronae generated by geometrically thin, optically thick accretion discs at low accretion rates. First we show that, if angular momentum transport in the disc is due to magnetic turbulent stresses, the magnetic energy density and effective viscous stresses inside the disc are proportional to the geometric mean of the total (gas plus radiation) and gas pressure. Therefore the corona is less powerful in a radiation-pressure dominated disc, and the relative fraction of the power liberated in the corona increases as the accretion rate decreases. Furthermore, we discuss why energetically dominant coronae are ideal sites for launching powerful jets/outflows, both MHD- and thermally driven. In analysing the spectral properties of such coronal-outflow dominated accretion discs, we reach the important conclusion that if the jet/outflow is, as is likely, radiatively inefficient, then so is the source overall, even without advection of energy into the black hole being relevant for the dynamics of the accretion flow.
Locking Range Derivations for Injection-Locked Class-E Oscillator Applying Phase Reduction Theory

This paper presents a numerical locking-range prediction for the injection-locked class-E oscillator using the phase reduction theory (PRT). By applying this method to the injection-locked class-E oscillator designs, which is in the field of electrical engineering, the locking ranges of the oscillator on any injection-signal waveform can be efficiently obtained. The locking ranges obtained from the proposed method quantitatively agreed with those obtained from the simulations and circuit experiments, showing the validity and effectiveness of the locking-range derivation method based on PRT.
Econometric Model Determination

Our general subject is model determination methods and their use in the prediction of economic time series. The methods suggested are Bayesian in spirit but they can be justified by classical as well as Bayesian arguments. The main part of the paper is concerned with model determination, forecast evaluation, and the construction of evolving sequences of models that can adapt in dimension and form (including the way in which any nonstationarity in the data is modelled) as new characteristics in the data become evident. The paper continues some recent work on Bayesian asymptotics by the author and Werner Ploberger (1995), develops embedding techniques for vector martingales that justify the role of a class of exponential densities in model selection and forecast evaluation, and implements the modelling ideas in a multivariate regression framework that includes Bayesian vector autoregressions (BVAR's) and reduced rank regressions (RRR's). It is shown how the theory in the paper can be used: (i) to construct optimized BVAR's with data-determined hyperparameters; (ii) to compare models such as BVAR's, optimized BVAR's, and RRR's; (iii) to perform joint order selection of cointegrating rank, lag length, and trend degree in a VAR; and (iv) to discard data that may be irrelevant and thereby reset the initial conditions of a model.
The Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 reprograms transcription by mimicry of high mobility group A proteins

Viral proteins reprogram their host cells by hijacking regulatory components of protein networks. Here we describe a novel property of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) that may underlie the capacity of the virus to promote a global remodeling of chromatin architecture and cellular transcription. We found that the expression of EBNA1 in transfected human and mouse cells is associated with decreased prevalence of heterochromatin foci, enhanced accessibility of cellular DNA to micrococcal nuclease digestion and decreased average length of nucleosome repeats, suggesting de-protection of the nucleosome linker regions. This is a direct effect of EBNA1 because targeting the viral protein to heterochromatin promotes large-scale chromatin decondensation with slow kinetics and independent of the recruitment of adenosine triphosphate–dependent chromatin remodelers. The remodeling function is mediated by a bipartite Gly-Arg rich domain of EBNA1 that resembles the AT-hook of High Mobility Group A (HMGA) architectural transcription factors. Similar to HMGAs, EBNA1 is highly mobile in interphase nuclei and promotes the mobility of linker histone H1, which counteracts chromatin condensation and alters the transcription of numerous cellular genes. Thus, by regulating chromatin compaction, EBNA1 may reset cellular transcription during infection and prime the infected cells for malignant transformation.
Cross-Section Versus Time-Series Measures Of Uncertainty. Using UK Survey Data

This paper considers measures of uncertainty used in economic estimation. Our first contribution is to address the theoretical relationship between cross-section and time series measures, highlighting the reasons why these might diverge. In a subsequent empirical section, we compare measures of uncertainty, all of which are based on underlying dataon optimism from an established UK survey database, managed by the main employers' organization, the CBI. We measure uncertainty at industry level in three ways: by cross-section dispersion of optimism expectations, by a GARCH series based on the optimism data and by an unconditional volatility measure based on the same data.
eSport vs. Sport: A Comparison of Spectator Motives

eSports–organized video game competitions–are growing in popularity, with top tournaments drawing crowds of spectators rivaling traditional sporting events. Understanding the extent to which eSport operates similarly to traditional sport is vital to developing marketing strategies for the eSport industry and informing academic research on eSport. Prior research has examined eSports in isolation from traditional sports, overlooking direct comparisons to understand the degree to which eSport spectators are motivated similarly to traditional sport spectators. The current study measures widely-used sport consumption motives to examine their influence on eSport spectatorship and game attendance frequency. In South Korea, spectator motives across one traditional sport (soccer) and two eSport contexts ( FIFA Online 3 and StarCraft II ) were measured. MANOVA results identify similar patterns for 11 out of 15 motives across the three. Significant differences between contexts include vicarious achievement, excitement, physical attractiveness, and family bonding. Multiple regression analysis results show that spectators across contexts have distinct sets of motives influencing game attendance. The current study demonstrates that traditional sport and eSports are similarly consumed, suggesting that sport industry professionals can manage and market eSport events similarly to traditional sport events.
Hipparcos preliminary astrometric masses for the two close-in companions to HD 131664 and HD 43848 - A brown dwarf and a low-mass star

Context. Several mechanisms for forming brown dwarfs have been proposed, which today are not believed to be mutually exclusive. Among the fundamental characteristics of brown dwarfs that are intrinsically tied to their origins, multiplicity is particularly relevant. Any successful determination of the actual mass for such objects in any systems is thus worthwhile, as it allows one to improve on the characterization of the multiplicity properties (e.g., frequency, separation, mass-ratio distribution) of sub-stellar companions. Aims. We attempt to place better constraints on the masses of two Doppler-detected substellar companions to the nearby G dwarfs HD 131664 and HD 43848. Methods. We carried out orbital fits to the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data (IAD) for the two stars, taking advantage of the knowledge of the spectroscopic orbits, and solving for the inclination angle i and the longitude of the ascending node Ω ,t he two orbital elements that can be determined in principle solely by astrometry, A number of checks were carried out to assess the reliability of the orbital solutions thus obtained. Results. The best-fit solution for HD 131664 yields i = 55 ± 33 deg and Ω= 22 ± 28 deg. The resulting inferred true companion mass is then Mc = 23 +26 −5 MJ. For HD 43848, we find i = 12 ± 7d eg and Ω= 288 ± 22 deg, and a corresponding Mc = 120 +167 −43 MJ. Based on the statistical evidence from an F-test, the study of the joint confidence intervals of variation in i and Ω and the comparison of the derived orbital semi-major axes with a distribution of false astrometric orbits obtained for single stars observed by Hipparcos, the astrometric signal of the two companions to HD 131664 and HD 43848 is then considered detected in the Hipparcos IAD, with a level of statistical confidence not exceeding 95%. Conclusions. We constrain the true mass of HD 131664b to that of a brown dwarf to within a somewhat statistically significant degree of confidence (∼2 − σ). For HD 43848b, a true mass in the brown dwarf regime is ruled out at the 1 − σ confidence level. The results are discussed in the context of the properties of the (few) close substellar and massive planetary companions to nearby solar-type stars and their implications for proposed models of formation and structure of massive planets and brown dwarfs.