Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Rapid or Slow Body Mass Reduction on Body Composition in Adult Rats

We showed that skeletal muscles did not decrease regardless of rapid (R) or slow (S) body mass (BM) reduction, whereas splanchnic tissues decreased more in R than S in adult rats (EB2005). To investigate if body fat stores affect the results observed in the above study, young rats whose body fat was less than adult rats were subjected to R or S BM reduction. Fifteen rats (6‐wk‐old) were assigned to a group fed ad‐lib (C, n = 5), moderately restricted energy intake for 14 days to reduce BM gain (S, n = 5) or fasted for the last 3 days of the 14‐day study to reach comparable BM in S rapidly (R, n = 5). All rats were trained with a climbing cage 3 times a week (5 min × 6 sets). Drinking water was withdrawn for 19 h before sacrifice in R. Final BM was 316 g (SD 12), 238 (14), 236 (5) in C, R and S, respectively. The mass, water, protein and total lipid of carcass and excised skeletal muscles were less in both R and S than C. These measurements did not differ between R and S except for the gastrocnemius which was lower in S than R. The adipose tissue mass was significantly lower in both R and S than C and the decrease tended to be greater in S than R. The mass of the liver, stomach and small intestine was lower in both R and S than C and the mass of these tissues was lower in R than S due to lower content of water and protein in R than S, but total lipid of these tissues were similar in R and S. These results demonstrate that both skeletal muscle and splanchnic tissues decrease in both R and S in rats with less body fat stores and a decrease in skeletal muscle would not be influenced by the rapidity of BM reduction whereas a decrease in splanchnic tissues is greater in rapid BM reduction. Thus, the less body fat stores, the more skeletal muscle decreases, while body fat stores does not appear to influence a decrease in splanchnic tissues which is greater in rapid BM reduction.
Multiplicative formulas in Cohomology of $G/P$ and in quiver representations

Consider a partial flag variety $X$ which is not a grassmaninan. Consider also its cohomology ring ${\rm H}^*(X,\ZZ)$ endowed with the base formed by the Poincar\'e dual classes of the Schubert varieties. In \cite{Richmond:recursion}, E. Richmond showed that some coefficient structure of the product in ${\rm H}^*(X,\ZZ)$ are products of two such coefficients for smaller flag varieties. Consider now a quiver without oriented cycle. If $\alpha$ and $\beta$ denote two dimension-vectors, $\alpha\circ\beta$ denotes the number of $\alpha$-dimensional subrepresentations of a general $\alpha+\beta$-dimensional representation. In \cite{DW:comb}, H. Derksen and J. Weyman expressed some numbers $\alpha\circ\beta$ as products of two smaller such numbers. The aim of this work is to prove two generalisations of the two above results by the same way.
A Cross-Species Investigation of Acetylcholine, Attention, and Feature Binding

The binding problem is the brain's fundamental challenge to integrate sensory information to form a unified representation of a stimulus. A recent nonhuman animal model suggests that acetylcholine serves as the neuromodulatory substrate for feature binding. We hypothesized that this animal model of cholinergic contributions to feature binding may be an analogue of human attention. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a cross-species study in which rats and humans learned comparable intramodal feature-conjunction (FC) and feature-singleton (FS) tasks. We challenged the cholinergic system of rats using the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine (0.2 mg/kg) and challenged the attentional system of humans by dividing attention. The two manipulations yielded strikingly similar patterns of behavior, impairing FC acquisition, while sparing FS acquisition and FC retrieval. These cross-species findings support the hypothesis that cholinergically driven attentional processes are essential to feature binding at encoding, but are not required for retrieval of neural representations of bound stimuli.
Mainstreaming Students with Severe Disabilities: Implications for Public Policy.

Major court decisions concerning the least restrictive environment for students with severe disabilities are analyzed and conclusions are drawn outlining the current status of case law. Court cases have weighed the benefits of mainstreaming against the benefits of providing greater or more specialized services in a segregated program. In general, the courts have held that it is appropriate to sacrifice a degree of academic quality for the sake of socialization and that mainstreaming is not required for all students with disabilities but must be provided, where appropriate, to the maximum extent feasible. School districts are required to use supplementary aids and services to facilitate mainstreaming but are not required to always provide mainstreaming in the student's home school. The article suggests that if school systems do not speed up their restructuring to provide students with an appropriate education in the least restrictive environment, they are likely to be required to do so by court orders. (Contains 23 references.) (DB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** r() MAINSTREAMING STUDENTS WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC POLICY Allan G. Osborne, Jr. Quincy (MA) Public Schools Bridgewater State College
UNDERSTANDING THE AGN–HOST CONNECTION IN BROAD Mg ii EMISSION-SELECTED AGN–HOST HYBRID QUASARS

We study the issue of active galactic nucleus (AGN)–host connection in intermediate-z (1.2>z > 0.4) galaxies with hybrid spectra (hybrid QSOs for short). The observed spectra redward of the Balmer limit are dominated by starlight, and the spectra at the blue end by both an AGN continuum and an Mg ii broad emission line. This unique property allows us to examine both an AGN and its host galaxy in an individual galaxy simultaneously. First, 15 hybrid QSOs are selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 6. The spectra are then analyzed in detail for three objects: SDSS J162446.49+461946.7, SDSS J102633.32+103443.8, and SDSS J090036.44+381353.0. Our spectral analysis shows that the current star formation activities are strongly suppressed, and that the latest burst ages range from ∼400 Myr to 1 Gyr. Based on the Mg ii black hole masses, the three hybrid QSOs are consistent with the Dn(4000) − L/LEdd sequence that was previously established in local AGNs. The three hybrid QSOs are located in the middle range of the sequence, which implies that the hybrid QSOs are at the transition stage not only from young to old AGNs, but also from a host-dominated phase to an AGN-dominated phase.
Texture based fingerprint BioHashing: Attacks and robustness

BioHashing is a popular biometric template protection scheme defined in the last decade. Most of previous studies on this algorithm focus on the performance optimization or the use of this privacy protection scheme on many types of biometric modalities (face, fingerprint, palmprint.). The objective of this paper is to study the robustness of this algorithm on a texture based representation by testing and simulating operational attacks. We consider in this study some quantitative measures of the robustness of the BioHashing algorithm and we show some new results on its security on fingerprints represented by texture features.
Regions in the nonstandard plane that contain no standard points

Nonstandard methods are applied to continuum theory in the plane. The main result concerns internal regions V that contain no standard points and have the property that st(V) does not disconnect the plane and are bounded by simple closed curves that have small intersection with st(V). We show that such sets cannot contain a "Y-set" consisting of three arcs intersecting only at a single common point with the property that the non-intersecting endpoints of each arc are a noninfinitesimal distance from the arc joining the other two ends. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification 54J05, 54F15 (primary); 03H05 (sec- ondary)
The characteristics of the IR emission features in the spectra of Herbig Ae stars: evidence for chemical evolution

Context. Infrared (IR) spectra provide a prime tool to study the characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules in regions of star formation. Herbig Ae/Be stars are a class of young pre-main sequence stellar objects of intermediate mass. They are known to have varying amounts of natal cloud material still present in their direct vicinity. Aims. We characterise the IR emission bands, due to fluorescence by PAH molecules, in the spectra of Herbig Ae/Be stars and link observed variations to spatial aspects of the mid-IR emission. Methods. We analysed two PAH dominated spectra from a sample of 15 Herbig Ae/Be stars observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Results. We derived profiles of the major PAH bands by subtracting appropriate continua. The shape and the measured band characteristics show pronounced variations between the two Spitzer spectra investigated. Those variations parallel those found between three infrared space observatory (ISO) spectra of other, well-studied, Herbig Ae/Be stars. The derived profiles are compared to those from a broad sample of sources, including reflection nebulae, planetary nebulae, H ii regions, young stellar objects, evolved stars and galaxies. The Spitzer and ISO spectra exhibit characteristics commonly interpreted respectively as interstellar matter-like (ISM), non-ISM-like, or a combination of the two. Conclusions. We argue that the PAH emission detected from the sources exhibiting a combination of ISM-like and non-ISM-like characteristics indicates the presence of two dissimilar, spatially separated, PAH families. As the shape of the individual PAH band profiles reflects the composition of the PAH molecules involved, this demonstrates that PAHs in subsequent, evolutionary linked stages of star formation are different from those in the general ISM, implying active chemistry. None of the detected PAH emission can be associated with the (unresolved) disk and is thus associated with the circumstellar (natal) cloud. This implies that chemical changes may already occur in the (collapsing? ) natal cloud and not necessarily in the disk.
Efficient Large-Scale Graph Processing on Hybrid CPU and GPU Systems

The increasing scale and wealth of inter-connected data, such as those accrued by social network applications, demand the design of new techniques and platforms to efficiently derive actionable knowledge from large-scale graphs. However, real-world graphs are famously difficult to process efficiently. Not only they have a large memory footprint, but also most graph algorithms entail memory access patterns with poor locality, data-dependent parallelism and a low compute-to-memory access ratio. Moreover, most real-world graphs have a highly heterogeneous node degree distribution, hence partitioning these graphs for parallel processing and simultaneously achieving access locality and load-balancing is difficult. This work starts from the hypothesis that hybrid platforms (e.g., GPU-accelerated systems) have both the potential to cope with the heterogeneous structure of real graphs and to offer a cost-effective platform for high-performance graph processing. This work assesses this hypothesis and presents an extensive exploration of the opportunity to harness hybrid systems to process large-scale graphs efficiently. In particular, (i) we present a performance model that estimates the achievable performance on hybrid platforms; (ii) informed by the performance model, we design and develop TOTEM - a processing engine that provides a convenient environment to implement graph algorithms on hybrid platforms; (iii) we show that further performance gains can be extracted using partitioning strategies that aim to produce partitions that each matches the strengths of the processing element it is allocated to, finally, (iv) we demonstrate the performance advantages of the hybrid system through a comprehensive evaluation that uses real and synthetic workloads (as large as 16 billion edges), multiple graph algorithms that stress the system in various ways, and a variety of hardware configurations.
Science indicators revisited - Science Citation Index versus SCOPUS: A bibliometric comparison of both citation databases

Although the evaluation of knowledge in the form of a quantitation of scientific output is not uncontroversial, it is a widely practised form of science evaluation. For more than 30 years, the Science Citation Index (SCI) has been alone in fulfilling this purpose. But since 2005 Scopus is a direct competitor to the SCI-databases. Comparing the two databases should help to answer questions that could have repercussions for the future generation of bibliometric analyses. The results of the comparison will allow us to more reliably rate Scopus, as a new data source, against the established SCI. In future, people who generate bibliometric analyses must be able to justify why they chose to use one database and not the other. It will not be enough to simply claim that SCI is the established source.
Maternal MTHFR genotype contributes to the risk of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate

Recently, we reported a whole genome scan in sib pairs with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP), highlighting several regions as possible susceptibility loci, one of which is situated on 1p36.1 This region is of particular interest in CLP as it harbours the gene encoding MTHFR, an enzyme fundamental in the metabolism of the biologically active form of folic acid. Dietary folic acid deficiency has been considered as a candidate environmental factor in the aetiology of CLP in several studies. A study of CL/P cases born in the Czech Republic suggested that high dose (10 mg) folic acid supplements taken by pregnant mothers could decrease their chance of having a second affected CL/P child by 25-65%. 2 Similar findings were reported in a case-control study in California for a much lower dose supplementation (<1 mg). 3 Also, evidence provided by a Hungarian prospective cohort study and a study of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies data set showed that high dose folic acid supplementation during the critical stages of craniofacial development was the most effective at reducing the occurrence of oral clefting.4 The MTHFR gene has a functional variant owing to the C677T substitution. This leads to a reduced activity of the enzyme after heating and homozygotes for this …
Title Detecting Highly Overlapping Community Structure by Greedy Clique Expansion Detecting Highly Overlapping Community Structure by Greedy Clique Expansion

In complex networks it is common for each node to belong to several communities, implying a highly overlapping community structure. Recent advances in benchmarking indicate that the existing community assignment algorithms that are capable of detecting overlapping communities perform well only when the extent of community overlap is kept to modest levels. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a new community assignment algorithm called Greedy Clique Expansion (GCE). The algorithm identifies distinct cliques as seeds and expands these seeds by greedily optimizing a local fitness function. We perform extensive benchmarks on synthetic data to demonstrate that GCE's good performance is robust across diverse graph topologies. Significantly, GCE is the only algorithm to perform well on these synthetic graphs, in which every node belongs to multiple communities. Furthermore, when put to the task of identifying functional modules in protein interaction data, and college dorm assignments in Facebook friendship data, we find that GCE performs competitively.
Enforcement Issues in Selecting Fisheries Management Policy

The purpose of this article is to present a frame of reference in which to compare fisheries regulations and to identify enforcement issues that can be important in practical policy application. The issues discussed include dockside vs. at-sea monitoring; ease of government implementation; period at risk when in noncompliance; ease and cost with which industry participants can achieve ability to comply; ease of distinction between honest mistakes, sloppy practices, and deliberate cheating; initial vs. continued compliance; ease with which requirements can be communicated; ease with which noncompliance can be disguised; ease with which agents can detect noncompliance such that it is admissable as evidence; degree to which personal or social benefits from compliance can be demonstrated; potential for citizen cooperation in identifying offenders; likelihood of encouraging rentseeking behavior by industry and of administrators being susceptible to it; ease with which illegal activities can be detected under various conditions; relative ability to which enforcement is efficacious with respect to different management objectives; and ease with which benefit-based priorities for enforcement can be identified.
Computational Auditory Scene Analysis for Acoustic Event Detection : An Improved Approach

This paper presents an improved system for acoustic event classification and detection using neural networks. The adaptation of network weights using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was proposed as a mechanism to improve the performance of the traditional Back Propagation algorithm used in Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for classification. This paper focuses on acoustic event classification using Neural Network. The problem concerns the identification of different environmental sounds on the basis of features extracted. Supervised method of classification is used. By using this event classification system, the unknown data can be predicted more precisely. Artificial neural networks have been successfully applied to problems of event classification. In this work, Multilayer feedforward network is used which is trained using back propagation learning algorithm and the output is optimized by using particle swarm optimization algorithm. Experiments show that this approach achieves a good performance in classification and detection of acoustic events. Key Words— Computational Auditory Scene Analysis, Acoustic Event Detection, Artificial Neural Network, Particle Swarm Optimization
The Crack of Dawn: Perceptual Functions and Neural Mechanisms that Mark the Transition from Unconscious Processing to Conscious Vision

There is conscious vision, and there is unconscious visual processing. So far so good. But where lies the boundary between the two? What are the visual functions that shape the transition from “processing in the dark” to having a conscious visual percept? And what are the neural mechanisms that carry that transition? I review the findings on feature detection, object categorization, interference, inference, Gestalt grouping, and perceptual organization, and examine to what extent these functions correlate with the presence or absence of conscious vision. It turns out that a surprisingly large set of visual functions is executed unconsciously, indicating that unconscious vision is much “smarter” than we might intuitively think. Only when these unconscious mechanisms fail, and more elaborate and incremental processing steps are required, is consciousness necessary. The function of conscious vision may be to add a final layer to our interpretation of the world, to solve relatively “new” visual problems, and to enable visual learning.
Seasonal temperature prediction skill over Southern Africa and human health

An assessment of probabilistic prediction skill of seasonal temperature extremes over Southern Africa is presented. Verification results are presented for six run‐on seasons; September to November, October to December, November to January, December to February, January to March, and February to April over a 15‐year retroactive period. Comparisons are drawn between downscaled seasonal 850 hPa geopotential height field forecasts of a two‐tiered system versus downscaled height forecasts from a coupled ocean–atmosphere system. The ECHAM4.5 atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) is used for both systems; in the one‐tiered system the ECHAM4.5 is directly coupled to the ocean model Modular Ocean Model version three (MOM3), and in the two‐tiered system the ECHAM4.5 is coupled with Van den Dool sea surface temperature (SST) hindcasts. Model output statistical equations are developed using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to reduce system deficiencies. Probabilistic verification is conducted using the relative operating characteristic (ROC) and reliability diagram. The coupled model performs best in capturing seasonal maximum temperature extremes. Seasons demonstrating the highest ROC scores coincide with the period of highest seasonal temperatures found over Southern Africa. The above‐normal category of the one‐tiered system indicates the highest skill in predicting maximum temperature extremes, implying the coupled model predicts skilfully when there is a high likelihood of experiencing extremely high seasonal maximum temperatures during mid to late summer. The downscaled coupled maximum temperature hindcasts are evaluated additionally in terms of their monetary value and quality to the general public. The seasonal forecast system presented in this study should be able to reduce risks in decision making by the health industry in Southern Africa.
Hsa-mir-499 rs3746444 polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are gene regulators involved in numerous diseases including cancer, heart disease, neurological disorders, vascular abnormalities and autoimmune conditions. Although hsa-mir-499 rs3746444 polymorphism was shown to contribute to the susceptibility of multiple genes to cancer, the data have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, this meta-analysis was performed to provide a comprehensive assessment of potential association between hsa-mir-499 rs3746444 polymorphism and cancer risk. In this meta-analysis, a total of 9 articles regarding 10 eligible case-control studies in English (including 6134 cases and 7141 controls) were analyzed. No significant association between hsa-mir-499 rs3746444 polymorphism and overall cancer risk was demonstrated. However, an increased risk was observed in the subgroup of breast cancer patients (G allele vs A allele: OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.00-1.20; Pheterogeneity = 0.114; I2 = 53.9%) and population-based studies (G allele vs A allele: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00-1.25; Pheterogeneity = 0.062; I2 = 64.0%). The findings suggested an association between hsa-mir-499 rs3746444 polymorphism and increased risk to breast cancer.