Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coupling membrane protrusion and cell adhesion

The ability of cells to extend cell membranes is central to numerous biological processes, including cell migration, cadherin-mediated junction formation and phagocytosis. Much attention has been focused on understanding the signals that trigger membrane protrusion and the architecture of the resulting extension. Similarly, cell adhesion has been extensively studied, yielding a wealth of information about the proteins involved and how they signal to the cytoplasm. Although we have learned much about membrane protrusion and cell adhesion, we know less about how these two processes are coupled. Traditionally it has been thought that they are linked by the signaling pathways they employ – for example, those involving Rho family GTPases. However, there are also physical links between the cellular machineries that mediate cell adhesion and membrane protrusion, such as vinculin.
Experiencing existential changes: the lived experience of having cancer.

This phenomenological study was designed to explore the lived experience of having cancer, as perceived by people who have been diagnosed and treated for cancer. The aim of the study was to add to the knowledge and understanding of this complex human phenomenon. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with nine people who were in the remission or recovery phase of cancer. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim for each participant. Through intersubjective interactions and thematic analysis, the essential description of the lived experience of having cancer was constructed. The overriding theme of the lived experience of having cancer is "experiencing existential changes. " Five basic subthemes were identified in the participants accounts, all of which are part of the existential changes involved in the lived experience of having cancer. These are: uncertainty, vulnerability, isolation, discomfort, and redefinition. The study can increase the understanding of what it is like to have cancer.
RISK HORIZON AND REBALANCING HORIZON IN PORTFOLIO RISK MEASUREMENT

This paper analyzes portfolio risk and volatility in the presence of constraints on portfolio rebalancing frequency. This investigation is motivated by the incremental risk charge (IRC) introduced by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. In contrast to the standard market risk measure based on a 10‐day value‐at‐risk calculated at 99% confidence, the IRC considers more extreme losses and is measured over a 1‐year horizon. More importantly, whereas 10‐day VaR is ordinarily calculated with a portfolio’s holdings held fixed, the IRC assumes a portfolio is managed dynamically to a target level of risk, with constraints on rebalancing frequency. The IRC uses discrete rebalancing intervals (e.g., monthly or quarterly) as a rough measure of potential illiquidity in underlying assets. We analyze the effect of these rebalancing intervals on the portfolio’s profit and loss distribution over a risk‐measurement horizon. We derive limiting results, as the rebalancing frequency increases, for the difference between discretely and continuously rebalanced portfolios; we use these to approximate the loss distribution for the discretely rebalanced portfolio relative to the continuously rebalanced portfolio. Our analysis leads to explicit measures of the impact of discrete rebalancing under a simple model of asset dynamics.
A review of the foundational processes that influence beliefs in climate change: opportunities for environmental education research

Recently, many organizations involved in environmental education have initiated programs that aim to educate visitors or other publics who interact with nature-based resources about the impacts and landscape transformations occurring because of climatic changes. However, many psychological, human-evolutionary, and social–ecological processes that impede individuals’ ability to notice or respond to (e.g. adaptation and mitigation behaviors) climate impacts in nature-based areas, or in their urban-based home communities, may influence the educational process. By reviewing and examining these foundational processes and their potential influence on an audience’s attitudes and beliefs towards climate change, we outline and explain their importance for research. Based on these important psychological, human-evolutionary, and social–ecological processes, the authors conclude by identifying how researchers can investigate the influence of these processes and their potential impacts on environmental education outcomes.
Collar Line Segments for fast odometry estimation from Velodyne point clouds

We present a novel way of odometry estimation from Velodyne LiDAR point cloud scans. The aim of our work is to overcome the most painful issues of Velodyne data - the sparsity and the quantity of data points - in an efficient way, enabling more precise registration. Alignment of the point clouds which yields the final odometry is based on random sampling of the clouds using Collar Line Segments (CLS). The closest line segment pairs are identified in two sets of line segments obtained from two consequent Velodyne scans. From each pair of correspondences, a transformation aligning the matched line segments into a 3D plane is estimated. By this, significant planes (ground, walls, .) are preserved among aligned point clouds. Evaluation using the KITTI dataset shows that our method outperforms publicly available and commonly used state-of-the-art method GICP for point cloud registration in both accuracy and speed, especially in cases where the scene lacks significant landmarks or in typical urban elements. For such environments, the registration error of our method is reduced by 75% compared to the original GICP error.
Tuning the Photoluminescence of Graphene Quantum Dots by Photochemical Doping with Nitrogen

Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) were synthesized by irradiating graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in an NH3 atmosphere. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of the GQDs and the NGQDs samples were investigated. Compared with GQDs, a clear PL blue-shift of NGQDs could be achieved by regulating the irradiating time. The NGQDs obtained by irradiation of GQDs for 70 min had a high N content of 15.34 at % and a PL blue-shift of about 47 nm. This may be due to the fact that photochemical doping of GQDs with nitrogen can significantly enhance the contents of pyridine-like nitrogen, and also effectively decrease the contents of oxygen functional groups of NGQDs, thus leading to the observed obvious PL blue-shift.
ÖĞRETMENLERİN, OKULLARINA İLİŞKİN ÖRGÜTSEL İMAJ ALGILARININ BAZI DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Bu arastirma ortaogretim okullarinda gorev yapan ogretmenlerin okullarina iliskin orgutsel imaj algilarini bazi degiskenler acisindan incelemektedir. Bu calismada, orgutlerin imaj duzeylerinin de artacagina inanilarak ‘Orta ogretim kurumlarinin orgutsel imaj algilari ile ogretmenlerin demografik (cinsiyet, yas, brans ve okul turu) ozellikleri arasinda bir iliski var midir? ’ sorusuna cevap aranmistir. Arastirma, nicel bir arastirmadir ve tarama stratejisi kullanilmistir. Calisma grubunu 2011–2012 egitim-ogretim yili Sivas ili merkezinden rastgele secilen Anadolu liseleri ve genel liselerde gorev yapan 190 ogretmen olusturmustur. Orgutsel Imaj Olcegi (31 madde) veri toplama araci olarak kullanilmistir. Verilerin cozumlenmesi icin betimsel istatistik, t testi ve ANOVA testi yapilmistir. Arastirma sonunda ogretmenlerin orgutsel imaj algilarinin orta duzeyde oldugu gorulmustur. Bulgular, kalite imaji, sosyal imaj, altyapi imaji, gorunum imaji ve program imaji olarak belirlenen bes imaj turunden, aralarindan en yuksek olarak algilananin kalite imaji oldugunu ortaya koymaktadir. Bunu gorunum imaji, sosyal imaj, altyapi imaji ve program imaji takip etmektedir. Diger bulgular cinsiyet, yas ve brans acisindan ogretmenlerin imaj algilarinin farklilik gostermedigini ortaya koymaktadir. Okul turu degiskenine gore ise ogretmenler Anadolu liselerinin kalite ve gorunum imajini genel liselere gore daha yuksek duzeyde algilamaktadirlar. Program imaji ise genel liselerde Anadolu liselerinden daha yuksek algilanmaktadir.
Similarity Measure Selection for Clustering Time Series Databases

In the past few years, clustering has become a popular task associated with time series. The choice of a suitable distance measure is crucial to the clustering process and, given the vast number of distance measures for time series available in the literature and their diverse characteristics, this selection is not straightforward. With the objective of simplifying this task, we propose a multi-label classification framework that provides the means to automatically select the most suitable distance measures for clustering a time series database. This classifier is based on a novel collection of characteristics that describe the main features of the time series databases and provide the predictive information necessary to discriminate between a set of distance measures. In order to test the validity of this classifier, we conduct a complete set of experiments using both synthetic and real time series databases and a set of five common distance measures. The positive results obtained by the designed classification framework for various performance measures indicate that the proposed methodology is useful to simplify the process of distance selection in time series clustering tasks.
Warning! The following packet contains shocking images: The impact of mortality salience on the effectiveness of graphic cigarette warning labels

This research looks at a recent initiative to encourage smokers to quit smoking and to discourage nonsmokers from starting to smoke. Evidence has shown that text-based warning labels are ineffective in drawing attention to the dangers of tobacco consumption; therefore, some governments are looking to draw current smokers and potential smokers away from cigarettes by displaying graphic images of various smoking ailments. This research draws on Terror Management Theory as a means of understanding the effects of graphic visual images in cigarette packaging and offers implications for public health researchers, social marketers, and antismoking campaigners to help smokers to quit and reduce the likelihood of potential smokers becoming smokers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scientific Mobility, Career Progression, and Excellence in the European Research Area1

This paper explores the various aspects of mobility requirements and the relationship between competitiveness, excellence, and mobility in scientific research in the European Union (EU). The “expectation of mobility” in science plays an important role in shaping the European Research Area. Research argues that better economic opportunities and advanced migration policy in destination countries promote highly skilled migration. Empirical evidence shows that academics and researchers consider important determinants in the migration decision and destination to be the research environment and conditions, i.e. research support, infrastructures, demand for research and development (R&D) staff, and academics (Millard, 2005). While it can be argued that the European Research Area is designed to encourage the interchange of scientists, skills balance is essential to competitiveness in the European region. Despite the actions and measures taken in the context of the EC Mobility Strategy, unbalanced flows are still a weakness of the European Research Area. There is a need in Europe to coordinate science and migration policies at European and Member State level to enhance the attractiveness of European receiving countries and facilitate return of scientists to their sending nations. This paper, which focuses mainly on Austria, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and the United Kingdom, shows the uneven nature of scientific personnel flows within the European Research Area. The article argues that in Europe mobile scientists are often driven by necessity more than choice, and the longer they are away the more complicated it is to return. If the academic system proved impenetrable to return other opportunities in the private sectors might be explored by the researcher.
Implicit vs. explicit trust in social matrix factorization

Incorporating social trust in Matrix Factorization (MF) methods demonstrably improves accuracy of rating prediction. Such approaches mainly use the trust scores explicitly expressed by users. However, it is often challenging to have users provide explicit trust scores of each other. There exist quite a few works, which propose Trust Metrics (TM) to compute and predict trust scores between users based on their interactions. In this paper, we first evaluate several TMs to find out which one can best predict trust scores compared to the actual trust scores explicitly expressed by users. And, second, we propose to incorporate these trust scores inferred from the candidate TMs into social matrix factorization (MF). We investigate if incorporating the implicit trust scores in MF can make rating prediction as accurate as the MF on explicit trust scores. The reported results support the idea of employing implicit trust into MF whenever explicit trust is not available, since the performance of both models is similar.
Tobacco use and oral leukoplakia: cross-sectional study among the Gond tribe in Madhya Pradesh.

BACKGROUND Leukoplakia is an asymptomatic and potentially malignant change in the oral mucosa and high frequencies have been reported among smokers. The present study concerned the prevalence of tobacco use and leukoplakia and also associations between the two. STUDY DESIGN This cross sectional survey was conducted amongst the Gond tribal population of Kundam Block, Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh state, Central India during 2007 to 2009. Screening for leukoplakia was conducted by a medical officer with two mouth mirrors. It is only based on visual inspection and oral pathology was not performed. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic and smoking habits. Prevalence of leukoplakia among users and non-users of tobacco was calculated in terms of percentages. RESULTS Of 1,552 individuals aged more than 12 years of age who were screened, 144 (9.3%) were found to have oral leukoplakia. The prevalence of leukoplakia was significantly elevated among tobacco users as compared to non-users (11% vs 2.5%; p<0.001). The percentage of leukoplakia was almost similar in both tobacco smokers and chewers (9% vs 11%; p=0.304). However, the percentage of leukoplakia was especially high among those chewers who also smoked tobacco (21.9%). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study showed a positive effect of tobacco use and prevalence of leukoplakia. Also the prevalence was very high among Gond tribe, a marginalized population living in central India. There is a need for effective screening and treatment of leukoplakia in this area.
Inferring habitat quality and habitat selection using static site occupancy models.

When evaluating the ecological value of land use within a landscape, investigators typically rely on measures of habitat selection and habitat quality. Traditional measures of habitat selection and habitat quality require data from resource intensive study designs (e.g., telemetry or mark-recapture). Often, managers must evaluate ecological value despite only having data from less resource intensive study designs. In this paper, we use occupancy data to measure habitat quality and habitat selection response for the Puerto Rican Vireo, an endemic songbird whose population growth is depressed by brood parasitism from the Shiny Cowbird. We were interested in how vireo habitat quality and vireo habitat selection varied among three land uses (forest, shaded coffee plantations, and sun coffee) in Puerto Rico. We estimated vireo occupancy probability as a measure of habitat selection, and the probability of cowbird occurrence given vireo presence as a measure of habitat quality. To estimate the latter, we explored different ways of modeling the occurrence of the two species jointly, and compared these models to independent models using measures of predictive performance. Vireos preferentially selected forested sites and shaded coffee sites over sun coffee sites. By our measure of habitat quality, either type of coffee plantation was poor quality, and the forested sites were high quality. This suggests that shade coffee may be an ecological trap for the vireo in our study area. One joint model performed best by our measures of predictive ability, thus showing that the cowbird may not occur independently of the vireo. Vireo population dynamics in our study area may benefit from having large amounts of forest relative to coffee plantations. Incorporating species interactions into occupancy models has the potential to improve monitoring for conservation.
Abusive supervision climate: : A multiple-mediation model of its impact on group outcomes

In this paper, we introduce the construct of abusive supervision climate, the collective perceptions employees hold regarding abusive supervision in their work unit. We thereby extend research on abusive supervision to the team level, which allows us to explore its relationship with outcomes not addressed by individual-level theories of abuse. First, we explain the emergence of abusive supervision climate through the lens of social information processing theory. Then, drawing on team process and effectiveness models, we develop a multiple-mediation model that identifies two distinct mechanisms by which abusive supervision climate impacts group-level outcomes: social identity and collective efficacy. Results demonstrate that abusive supervision climate influences social- and task-related group outcomes through these two mediation processes.
Genome-wide studies highlight indirect links between human replication origins and gene regulation

To get insights into the regulation of replication initiation, we systematically mapped replication origins along 1% of the human genome in HeLa cells. We identified 283 origins, 10 times more than previously known. Origin density is strongly correlated with genomic landscapes, with clusters of closely spaced origins in GC-rich regions and no origins in large GC-poor regions. Origin sequences are evolutionarily conserved, and half of them map within or near CpG islands. Most of the origins overlap transcriptional regulatory elements, providing further evidence of a connection with gene regulation. Moreover, we identify c-JUN and c-FOS as important regulators of origin selection. Half of the identified replication initiation sites do not have an open chromatin configuration, showing the absence of a direct link with gene regulation. Replication timing analyses coupled with our origin mapping suggest that a relatively strict origin-timing program regulates the replication of the human genome.
Attention shapes our expectations and perceptions: The neural mechanisms of top-down attention during adulthood and development

Top-down attention is the focusing of attention at one’s will through knowledge regarding a current task (e.g. focusing on the road and ignoring opposing traffic driving). There is evidence that topdown attention involves the modulation of sensory cortices by higher order regions. However, the mechanisms of top-down attention across sensory modalities, its influence on early sensory inputs, as well as interactions with motivational systems remain unclear. We performed the following set of electrophysiological experiments in typically developed adults and adolescents to examine these areas. 1) The supramodal attentional theory holds that parietally-based attentional mechanisms are shared across sensory modalities. We tested the supramodal theory by examining if lateralized parieto-occipital alpha-band activity, an established metric of top-down spatial attention, was observed in an audiospatial and visuospatial task. In support of the supramodal theory, we observed similar anticipatory alpha-band processes across auditory and visual tasks, however, we also found an interaction of supramodal and sensory-specific attentional control processes. 2) There is evidence that top-down attention influences information immediately upon its arrival to sensory cortices, although there is debate in this area. In the current work, volitionally-driven top-down attention was engaged toward one of several overlapping surfaces in an illusion, in which the perceived brightness of the attended surface was enhanced. We observed the attentional enhancement of early visual evoked potentials (50-60 ms after stimulus onset), indicating that top-down attention shapes the earliest activations in visual cortices. 3) It is obvious that motivation impacts attention, but the neural bases of these interactions remain unclear. We examined how level of interest in stimuli (e.g. sports or flowers images) influenced top-down spatial attention mechanisms in typically-developing adolescents. Motivation enhanced established attentional processes during the anticipation of high vs. low interest stimuli, but also independently influenced frontal and parieto-occipital activations. These findings provide potential implications to improve impaired attentional processes in clinical populations (e.g. autism spectrum disorders). In sum, these studies revealed the powerful influence of top-down attentional control and its interacting systems on neural activations through several stages of anticipatory and post-stimulus processing during development and adulthood
Comprehensive quality evaluation of Chishao by HPLC.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Chishao. METHODS In the experiment of this paper, the fingerprint spectrums of Chishao in all locations are established by RP-HPLC and the model of principle component analysis with the RP-HPLC peak areas is established. RESULTS The quality of Chishao in the northern part of China or that made of Paeonia lactiflora is better than that of these in others or that made of other species. The quality of Chishao comes from P. veitchii is in the middle class and is better than those that comes from P. obovata, P. mairei and P. anomala. The results are consistent with traditional views of the quality of this plant. These results indicates that principal component analysis (PCA) can be used as an effective and economic method to evaluate the quality of Chishao, and may be extended to other Chinese medicinal plants. CONCLUSIONS Due to the complex basis of the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the method such as PCA of several chemical components appears to be a more appropriate method for the quality evaluation of TCM in contrast to the determination of a single or few chemicals.
Teaching Functions in Instructional Programs

Texas First Grade Reading Group Study (Anderson, Evertson, & Brophy 1979, 1982), Missouri Mathematics Effectiveness Study (Good & Grouws 1979) (for math in Grades 4-8), The Texas Elementary School Study (Evertson, Emmer, Sanford, & Clements 1982), The Texas Junior High Shool Study (Emmer, Evertson, Sanford, & Clements 1982), Organizing and Instructing High School Classes (Fitzpatrick 1981, 1982), Exemplary Centers for Reading Instruction (ECRI) (Reid 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982) (for reading in Grades 1-5), Direct Instruction Follow Through Program (Distar) (Becker 1977).