Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between coping mechanisms and adherence to diabetes-related self-care activities: a cross-sectional study

In the overall management of the most chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), adherence to recommended disease-related self-care activities is of paramount importance. The diagnosis and presence of a chronic disease may be considered a difficult and stressful situation in life, a situation in which coping mechanisms are psychological processes developed at a conscious level to manage these situations. This study aimed to explore the possible relationship between the dominance of one of the four major coping styles and adherence to diabetes-related self-care activities (DRSCAs) in the population of patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). In a cross-sectional consecutive-case population-based study design, 126 patients previously diagnosed with T2DM were enrolled. Coping mechanisms were evaluated using the Cope scale inventory, which identifies the dominant coping mechanism: problem-, emotion-, social support-, or avoidance-focused. The quality of DRSCA was evaluated using the summary of diabetes self-care activities questionnaire, in which a higher score was associated with improved adherence. In the study cohort, 45 patients (35.7%) had problem-focused coping, 37 (29.4%) had emotion-focused coping, 32 (25.4%) social support-focused coping, and 12 (9.5%) had avoidance-focused coping. Patients with emotion-focused coping had the highest level (P=0.02) of DRSCA (median 44 points), followed by patients with social support-focused coping (median 40 points) and problem-focused coping (median 36 points), while patients with avoidance-focused coping had the lowest SDSCA total score (33 points). The type of dominant coping mechanism has a significant impact on the quality of the DRSCA measures implemented by the patient to manage their diabetes. Patients with emotion-focused and social support-focused coping styles tend to have significantly increased adherence to DRSCA scores, while patients with other dominant coping styles are less interested in managing their disease.
A Traditional African Psychiatrist

Accounts of African ethnopsychiatry have typically emphasized suggestion and the placebo effect. In the following account of a Hehe traditional psychiatrist from Tanzania, these considerations are important, but of equal importance is his emphasis upon botanical and pharmacological empiricism. Despite the fact that his epistemology of mental illness is developed within a belief system that emphasizes witchcraft and moral magic, and although he has become expert in dealing with such supernatural considerations, he is primarily a pragmatic psychopharmacologist. His devotion to empiricism in botany and pharmacology, while unusual among his people, may nevertheless have historical antecedents among the Hehe, and may be more common throughout African ethnopsychiatry than has yet been recognized. This African psychiatrist--like so many of the men who built Western psychiatry--serves to remind us that even within a supernatural belief system the beginnings of science may emerge.
The effects of a walking intervention on self-efficacy for coping with cancer and quality of life among cancer patients during treatment

The Effects of a Walking Intervention on Self-Efficacy for Coping with Cancer and Quality of Life among Cancer Patients during Treatment Sean J. Fitzpatrick Cancer affects millions of Americans each year and as such there are numerous individuals fighting this disease at any time. Though strides are being made every day to better treat and hopefully one day cure this disease, the needs of these patients is a current area receiving a high amount of attention (Meadows et al, 1998). There are numerous positive outcomes associated with physical activity including attenuating cancer side-effects. As such, exercise during cancer treatment has recently received attention within the literature. The current study aimed to test a novel walking intervention utilizing pedometers to increase physical activity. In addition, the relationships between physical activity and selfefficacy for coping with cancer and quality of life were studied. Ten (N = 10) individuals were enrolled within the investigated. On average, individuals took 34,962.67 (SD = 10,635.49). steps per week throughout the six-week study. Due to the low number of individuals who completed the intervention, relationships between physical activity and the dependant variables are hard to quantify. However, when individuals were looked at in a single-subject fashion, a positive relationship between physical activity and psycho-social variables seemed to exist. Interviews were also conducted (n = 4) and themes of motivation and control arose from these interviews. Though the numerous limitations of the study prevented the use of adequate statistical techniques to quantify relationships among variables, the findings of this study point to the idea that increased physical activity is advantageous to cancer patients. Suggestions based on the numerous challenges of the current study are also included.
Capturing Meaning in Product Reviews with Character-Level Generative Text Models

We present a character-level recurrent neural network that generates relevant and coherent text given auxiliary information such as a sentiment or topic. Using a simple input replication strategy, we preserve the signal of auxiliary input across wider sequence intervals than can feasibly be trained by backpropagation through time. Our main results center on a large corpus of 1.5 million beer reviews from BeerAdvocate. In generative mode, our network produces reviews on command, tailored to a star rating or item category. The generative model can also run in reverse, performing classification with surprising accuracy. Performance of the reverse model provides a straightforward way to determine what the generative model knows without relying too heavily on subjective analysis. Given a review, the model can accurately determine the corresponding rating and infer the beer's category (IPA, Stout, etc.). We exploit this capability, tracking perceived sentiment and class membership as each character in a review is processed. Quantitative and qualitative empirical evaluations demonstrate that the model captures meaning and learns nonlinear dynamics in text, such as the effect of negation on sentiment, despite possessing no a priori notion of words. Because the model operates at the character level, it handles misspellings, slang, and large vocabularies without any machinery explicitly dedicated to the purpose.
What, Even Dallas? Popular Culture Within the Art Curriculum

This paper examines a range of proposals by art educators to include popular culture within the general art curriculum. Four basic social theories assumed by these art educators are examined: liberal humanism, two variants of liberal pluralism, and Neo-Marxism. The positions of Bersson, Beyer, Chalmers, Chapman, Feldman, Lanier, and Nadaner, in particular, are examined. Drawing on Neo-Marxist theory, the paper concludes with a proposal for adopting a sympathetic view of popular culture as it functions within peoples' lives, but one informed by a critical consciousness of the political embeddedness of both popular culture and its appraisal. Over the past few years there has been an increasing number of proposals to incorporate popular culture within the general art curriculum. Although these proposals vary, it will be shown in this paper that they derive from four basic social theories: the liberal humanism of high culture criticism, two variants of liberal pluralism, and Neo-Marxism. Reference to the social theory assumed by art educators in proposing the involvement of popular culture clarifies the reasons for their proposals. In particular, it throws light on the implications of their proposals in the context of social change, a primary parameter of all education and of particular concern for the critical approach to culture and society upon which this paper relies. Drawing upon Neo-Marxism, a sympathetic view of popular culture will be proposed, but one informed by a critical consciousness of the political embeddedness of both popular culture and its appraisal. The proposal assumes the need for social reconstruction and views a critical study of popular culture as one way of achieving such change. Popular culture is defined here as mass-produced, mass distributed, and mass consumed artifacts; typically involving content that is relatively clear and simple; and produced by a small group of professionals for the consumption of others. Usually, popular culture presents a safe and secure world of conventional ideas, feelings, and attitudes, though the vehicle is often escapist. ' Dallas is a paradigm, as are comic books, teen magazines, cute animal posters, and breakfast cereal cards. Social Theories Liberal humanists who draw on the high culture critique argue in favour of studying popular culture as part of a moral agenda in the cause of humanist social reform. Culture is viewed as an especially refined sensibility and the works of such sensibility. Culture is a moral force and a rallying cry against a
Three -dimensional morphometric analysis of the craniofacial complex in the unaffected relatives of individuals with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts

Numerous studies have described altered patterns of craniofacial form in the unaffected relatives of individuals with nonsyndromic oral clefts. Unfortunately, results from these studies have been highly variable and have failed to provide a reliable method for discriminating at-risk relatives from controls. In the present study, we compared craniofacial shape between a sample of unaffected relatives (33 females; 14 males) from CL/P multiplex families and an equal number of age/sex/ethnicity-matched controls. A total of 16 x,y,z facial landmark coordinates derived from 3D photogrammetry were analyzed via Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA), while 14 additional linear distances from direct anthropometry were analyzed via t-tests. Variables identified as significantly different (p ≤ 0.10 from EDMA; 0.05 from t-tests) were then entered into a two-group discriminant function analysis. All analyses were carried out for each sex separately. Compared to controls, female unaffected relatives demonstrated increased upper facial width, midface reduction and lateral displacement of the alar cartilage. A single discriminant function was derived (canonical correlation = 0.43; p = 0.01) which correctly classified 70% of female unaffected relatives and 73% of female controls. Male unaffected relatives demonstrated increased upper facial and cranial base width, increased lower facial height and decreased upper facial height. Again, a single discriminant function was derived (canonical correlation = 0.79; p < 0.001) which correctly classified 86% of male unaffected relatives and 93% of male controls. In both males and females, upper facial width contributed most to group discrimination. Based on the discriminant function results, unaffected relatives were classified into risk/liability classes (high risk or low risk) based on the degree of phenotypic divergence from controls. Results suggest that the craniofacial shape differences characterizing unaffected relatives are partly sex-specific and perhaps more pronounced in males. The pattern of relative-control differences observed in both sexes is in broad agreement with previous findings from both humans and animal models. Although preliminary, these results suggest that a quantitative assessment of the craniofacial phenotype may allow for the identification of at-risk individuals within CL/P multiplex families. Importantly, the identification of such individuals could lead to improvements in recurrence risk estimation and gene mapping.
Why Participate in an Online Social Network? An Empirical Analysis

Despite their enormous success the motivation behind user participation in Online Social Networks is still little understood. This study explores a variety of possible incentives and provides an empirical evaluation of their subjective relevance. The analysis is based on survey data from 129 test subjects. Using Structural Equation Modeling, we identified that the satisfaction of the needs for belongingness and the esteem needs through self-presentation together with peer pressure are the main drivers of participation. The analysis of a sub-sample of active users pointed out the satisfaction of the cognitive needs as an additional participation determinant. Based on these findings, recommendations for online social network providers are made.
Probing the canonicity of the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway

The hallmark of canonical Wnt signaling is the transcriptional induction of Wnt target genes by the beta-catenin/TCF complex. Several studies have proposed alternative interaction partners for beta-catenin or TCF, but the relevance of potential bifurcations in the distal Wnt pathway remains unclear. Here we study on a genome-wide scale the requirement for Armadillo (Arm, Drosophila beta-catenin) and Pangolin (Pan, Drosophila TCF) in the Wnt/Wingless(Wg)-induced transcriptional response of Drosophila Kc cells. Using somatic genetics, we demonstrate that both Arm and Pan are absolutely required for mediating activation and repression of target genes. Furthermore, by means of STARR-sequencing we identified Wnt/Wg-responsive enhancer elements and found that all responsive enhancers depend on Pan. Together, our results confirm the dogma of canonical Wnt/Wg signaling and argue against the existence of distal pathway branches in this system.
Decreased cure and increased recurrence rates for Clostridium difficile infection caused by the epidemic C. difficile BI strain.

BACKGROUND An epidemic strain of Clostridium difficile designated by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) as group BI has caused multiple outbreaks of severe C. difficile infection (CDI). The treatment response of patients infected with this strain is uncertain. METHODS Clostridium difficile isolates were collected from 2 phase 3 clinical trials comparing fidaxomicin to vancomycin and typed using REA. Clinical cure and recurrence outcomes were analyzed by strain type of the infecting organism, BI and non-BI, using both univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS From 999 patients, 719 isolates were available for typing (356 fidaxomicin treated and 363 vancomycin treated). BI was the most common REA group (34% of isolates). Patients infected with BI had lower cure rates (86.6%; 214 of 247) than those infected with non-BI strains (94.3%; 445 of 472) (P < .001). The cure rate difference between the BI and non-BI patients was significant for both vancomycin (P = .02) and fidaxomicin (P = .007). BI patients had a recurrence rate of 27.4% (51 of 186), compared with a recurrence rate of 16.6% (66 of 397) in non-BI patients (P = .002). By multivariate analysis, BI infection was statistically significant as a risk factor for reduced cure (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], .27-.85; P = .030) and for increased recurrence (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.01-2.45; P = .046). CONCLUSIONS The clinical cure rate of patients infected with the epidemic BI C. difficile strain is lower than the cure rate of those infected with non-BI strains whether treated with fidaxomicin or vancomycin. Similarly, the CDI recurrence rate is increased in patients with the BI strain compared with patients with other C. difficile strains.
Auditory pre-attentive processing of Chinese tones.

BACKGROUND Chinese tones are considered important in Chinese discrimination. However, the relevant reports on auditory central mechanisms concerning Chinese tones are limited. In this study, mismatch negativity (MMN), one of the event related potentials (ERP), was used to investigate pre-attentive processing of Chinese tones, and the differences between the function of oddball MMN and that of control MMN are discussed. METHODS Ten subjects (six men and four women) with normal hearing participated in the study. A sequence was presented to these subjects through a loudspeaker, the sequence included four blocks, a control block and three oddball blocks. The control block was made up of five components (one pure tone and four Chinese tones) with equiprobability. The oddball blocks were made up of two components, one was a standard stimulus (tone 1) and the other was a deviant stimulus (tone 2 or tone 3 or tone 4). Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded when the sequence was presented and MMNs were obtained from the analysis of the EEG data. RESULTS Two kinds of MMNs were obtained, oddball MMN and control MMN. Oddball MMN was obtained by subtracting the ERP elicited by standard stimulation (tone 1) from that elicited by deviant stimulation (tone 2 or tone 3 or tone 4) in the oddball block; control MMN was obtained by subtracting the ERP elicited by the tone in control block, which was the same tone as the deviant stimulation in the oddball block, from the ERP elicited by deviant stimulation (tone 2 or tone 3 or tone 4) in the oddball block. There were two negative waves in oddball MMN, one appeared around 150 ms (oddball MMN 1), the other around 300 ms (oddball MMN 2). Only one negative wave appeared around 300 ms in control MMN, which was corresponding to the oddball MMN 2. We performed the statistical analyses in each paradigm for latencies and amplitudes for oddball MMN 2 in discriminating the three Chinese tones and reported no significant differences. But the latencies and amplitudes for control MMN in discriminating the three tones all were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS There are evident waveforms for oddball and control MMN obtained in normal hearing persons, indicating that the change of Chinese tones could be detected in the pre-attentive stage. Because control MMN can eliminate reflects for physical characteristics of sound, it is the genuine memory-based pre-attentive processing. Since control MMN can reflect the differences of Chinese tones processing better than oddball MMN, it is more sensitive in evaluating pre-attentive processing in Chinese tones discrimination.
Evidence Suggesting We Should Admit Students Who Score Extremely Low on GRE Subtests or the GMAT to Graduate School Programs.

This study sought to determine whether GRE subscores (or GMAT) could predict graduation rates in related areas (math-oriented majors for GRE quantitative, etc.) in a sample of over 9,000 graduate students at a major public research university. Because few low quantitative scores were present in math-oriented majors, an attemp was made to determine whether thresholds occurred below which students would fail to graduate by grouping scorers (e.g. <400, 400-499, 500-599, 600+). Surprisingly, lower scoring groups (particularly < 400) graduated at consistently and sometimes substantially higher rates than higher scoring groups. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are explored. Introduction and Purpose Because test makers generally recommend against using total scores in evaluation, this study’s primary purpose was to determine whether subtest scores on the GRE (quantitative and verbal) or total GMAT scores would prove better predictors of graduate student success than total GRE scores, and particularly so in fields emphasizing either quantitative methods (mathematics, physics, engineering, physical sciences, etc.) or language (English, communication, literature, history, etc.). Due to small samples for advanced graduate students, only beginning graduate students were included in this analysis.
Transmission patterns and the epidemiology of hookworm infection.

BACKGROUND This paper presents a suite of models of hookworm transmission dynamics which vary the mixing patterns and rates of contamination and infection between children and adults. In this context mixing refers to the degree of epidemiological communication between children and adults, for example, whether adults are likely to get infected from infective material passed by children. METHODS Three models are described which represent random mixing, no mixing and restricted mixing respectively. Child, adult and population targeted chemotherapy programmes are examined and compared between these models. Data from a hookworm control programme in Zimbabwe were analysed with respect to their fit to the various models. RESULTS The analysis suggests that some mixing does occur and that in this study location, the sites where adults deposit faeces are more likely to lead to subsequent contamination than the sites children use. CONCLUSIONS Mixing patterns may have a profound effect on transmission dynamics and should be considered in relation to design of control programmes.
The Concept of Post-Racial: How Its Easy Dismissal Obscures Important Questions

Nearly all of today's confident dismissals of the notion of a “post-racial” America address the simple question, “Are we beyond racism or not? ” But most of the writers who have used the terms post-racial or post-ethnic sympathetically have explored other questions: What is the significance of the blurring of ethnoracial lines through cross-group marriage and reproduction? How should we interpret the relatively greater ability of immigrant blacks as compared to standard “African Americans” to overcome racist barriers? What do we make of increasing evidence that economic and educational conditions prior to immigration are more powerful determinants than “race” in affecting the destiny of population groups that have immigrated to the United States in recent decades? Rather than calling constant attention to the undoubted reality of racism, this essay asks scholars and anti-racist intellectuals more generally to think beyond “the problem of the color line” in order to focus on “the problem of solidarity. ” The essay argues that the most easily answered questions are not those that most demand our attention.
Effect of some essential oils on in vitro methane emission

The objectives of this study were to characterise four essential oils (EO) chemically and to evaluate their effect on ruminal fermentation and methane emission in vitro. The investigated EO were isolated from Achillea santolina, Artemisia judaica, Schinus terebinthifolius and Mentha microphylla, and supplemented at four levels (0, 25, 50 and 75 μl) to 75 ml of buffered rumen fluid plus 0.5 g of substrate. The main components of the EO were piperitone (49.1%) and camphor (34.5%) in A. judaica, 16-dimethyl 15-cyclooactdaiene (60.5%) in A. santolina, piperitone oxide (46.7%) and cis-piperitone oxide (28%) in M. microphylla, and γ-muurolene (45.3%) and α-thujene (16.0%) in S. terebinthifolius. The EO from A. santolina (at 25 and 50 μl), and all levels of A. judaica increased the gas production significantly, but S. terebinthifolius (at 50 and 75 μl), A. santolina (at 75 μl) and all levels of M. microphylla decreased the gas production significantly in comparison with the control. The highest levels of A. santolina and A. judaica, and all doses from M. microphylla EO inhibited the methane production along with a significant reduction in true degradation of dry matter and organic matter, protozoa count and NH3-N concentration. It is concluded that the evaluated EO have the potential to affect ruminal fermentation efficiency and the EO from M. microphylla could be a promising methane mitigating agent.
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A current controlled ring oscillator is utilized in a phase locked loop system. The ring itself is comprised of lateral pnp current sources and Schottky clamped npn transistors to provide a frequency range of 4 megahertz at 50 microamp drive to 43 megahertz at 1 milliamp drive. The frequency of the ring oscillator is varied by varying the current injected into the ring.