Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON OF IPSATIVE AND NORMATIVE APPROACHES FOR ABILITY TO CONTROL FAKING IN PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRES

The current study extends previous research by comparing empirical data on ipsative and normative versions of the 30‐scale Occupational Personality Questionnaire (OPQ). Participants were randomly assigned to “honest” or “faking” groups. Results support the proposition that when the number of scales is large, the measurement dependency problem associated with the ipsative format is negligible. There was satisfactory convergent validity between ipsative and normative forms in both groups. On both forms, the distance between an ideal profile and participants' ratings were narrower in the faking group than in the honest group. The results suggest that though ipsative measures were not completely free from faking, they were relatively more effective in guarding against faking than more commonly used normative measures.
Normative Evaluations of Suicide and Death: A Cross-Generational Study

Attitudes toward suicide and death across two intra-familial generations were investigated to gain a better understanding of possible causal factors underlying increasing suicide rates among the young. Cultural and subcultural normative evaluations of suicide and death represent important variables in an individual's decision to choose the suicidal option. Thus, the reported increase in youth suicide rates may be a function of more “accepting” attitudes by today's youth toward suicide and death. The investigation was conducted in a medium-sized Canadian city with a sample of 114 respondents drawn equally from two intra-familial generations. The findings indicate support for the hypothesis that the youthful generation holds more “accepting” attitudes toward suicide and death than does the parental generation. The findings also suggest that the attitudes of the parental generation toward suicide and death have undergone a significant shift from the values that prevailed when they were youths.
Factors Affecting Parent-Adolescent Discussion on Reproductive Health Issues in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background. Open family discussion on reproductive health (RH) issues often leads to increased awareness on RH matters and reduces risky behaviors among adolescents. This study was conducted to assess factors affecting parent-adolescent discussion on RH issues in Harar, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional survey using face to face interview supplemented with focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted on 751 randomly selected parents of 10–19-year-old adolescents. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 15. Results. More than one-fourth (28.76%) of parents reported discussing RH issues with their adolescents during the last six months. In the logistic regression, parents who have demonstrated good RH knowledge and positive attitude towards RH were almost six times and seventy percent (AOR 5.69, 95% CI: 3.67–8.82; AOR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.08–2.68) higher in discussing RH with their adolescents than their counterparts, respectively. Conclusion. Parent-adolescent discussion about RH issues rarely occurs and is bounded by lack of knowledge, sociocultural norms, and parental concern that discussion would encourage premarital sex. Reproductive health programs should target on improving awareness of parents and addressing sociocultural norms surrounding reproductive health issues.
Predictors of Severe Stroke: Influence of Preexisting Dementia and Cardiac Disorders

Background and Purpose— There is little research into the impact of prestroke dementia on stroke severity and short-term mortality. We included prestroke dementia, along with other risk factors, to determine independent predictors of stroke severity and early death in a community-based stroke study. Methods— All patients (n=377) with a first-ever stroke were evaluated in terms of risk factors. Registration took place over a 12-month period. Stroke severity was evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Predictors of severe stroke and early death were analyzed in logistic regression models. The following independent variables were used: age, sex, living alone, arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, transient ischemic attack, cigarette smoking, peripheral atherosclerosis, and dementia. Results— Risk factors for stroke were found in 82% of the patients. Heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and dementia were associated with more severe strokes. Dementia, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and living alone were associated with death within 28 days of the event. Conclusions— These results raise the question of whether certain high-risk patients, ie, patients with atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and dementia, can benefit from more aggressive primary and secondary stroke prevention measures.
USENIX Association Proceedings of the FREENIX Track : 2003 USENIX Annual

Trust management credentials directly authorize actions, rather than divide the authorization task into authentication and access control. Unlike traditional credentials, which bind keys to principals, trust management credentials bind keys to the authorization to perform certain tasks. The Distributed Credential FileSystem (DisCFS) uses trust management credentials to identify: (1) files being stored; (2) users; and (3) conditions under which their file access is allowed. Users share files by delegating access rights, issuing credentials in the style of traditional capabilities. Credentials permit, for example, access by remote users not known in advance to the file server, which simply enforces sharing policies rather than entangling itself in their management. Throughput and latency benchmarks of our prototype DisCFS implementation indicate performance roughly comparable to NFS version 2, while preserving the advantages of credentials for distributed control.
Activity of cephalosporin CXA-101 (FR264205) and comparators against extended-spectrum-{beta}-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Sir, Extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs), belonging to Ambler classes A and D, or ESBLA and ESBLM-D according to the recently suggested novel classification, are sometimes encountered in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although the consequences of the emergence of metallo-b-lactamases (MBLs; ESBLCARBA-B) are even more devastating, the emergence of ESBLA and ESBLM-D (oxacillinases) in P. aeruginosa still poses a substantial therapeutic challenge. Also, piperacillin/tazobactam has been found to have limited activity against ESBLAproducing P. aeruginosa. Recently, the cephalosporin CXA-101 (Calixa Therapeutics Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) has completed Phase I trials and in vitro this agent has been found to have excellent antipseudomonal activity, but no data are currently available on the activity of this agent, with and without b-lactamase inhibitors, against characterized clinical isolates of ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa. A collection of previously characterized ESBLA-producing (n1⁄49) and ESBLM-D-producing (n1⁄41) P. aeruginosa was obtained from Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France. The collection consisted of 10 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa producing the b-lactamases GES-2, GES-9, VEB-1, VEB-1-A, PER-1, BEL-1, SHV-2a, SHV-5, TEM-4 and OXA-32. – 6 The clinical isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by broth microdilution (Sensititre; Trek Diagnostic Systems, Cleveland, OH, USA). The following antimicrobial agents were tested: CXA-101; CXA-101 with a fixed tazobactam concentration of 4 mg/L; CXA-101 with a fixed tazobactam concentration of 8 mg/L; ceftazidime; ceftazidime with a fixed tazobactam concentration of 4 mg/L; ceftazidime with a fixed clavulanate concentration of 2 mg/L; piperacillin; piperacillin with a fixed tazobactam concentration of 4 mg/L; cefepime; and imipenem. European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints were used for piperacillin with and without tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime and imipenem. For CXA-101 with and without tazobactam and for ceftazidime with tazobactam or clavulanate, ceftazidime breakpoints were used tentatively due to the similarities in pharmacokinetic properties. Whereas all except one isolate (TEM-4) were resistant to ceftazidime, four isolates (producing SHV-2a, SHV-5, TEM-4 and BEL-1) had CXA-101 MICs of 4 mg/L (Table 1). Only one of these isolates was susceptible to piperacillin/tazobactam (producing TEM-4) and one isolate to cefepime (producing BEL-1) when EUCAST breakpoints were applied (for piperacillin/ tazobactam: susceptible, 16 mg/L; and resistant, .16 mg/L). In one of these isolates (producing SHV-5) the MIC of
A longitudinal study of psychosocial distress in breast cancer: Prevalence and risk factors

This longitudinal study was conducted among 102 women with non-metastasic breast cancer to identify the time evolution and prevalence of distress at specific times through diagnosis and treatment of disease: preliminary diagnosis, surgery, definitive diagnosis and chemotherapy. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the role of demographic, medical and psychosocial factors on distress. The results indicated that prevalence of distress was higher at initial diagnosis (25%) than the following time points (approximately 17%). The differences inter-individuals in the levels of distress were observed over the four assessments. No relation between distress and demographic and medical factors was found. However, psychosocial aspects were significant risk factors. Patterns of emotional suppression and specific coping responses like helplessness/hopelessness, anxious preoccupation, cognitive avoidance and fatalism were positively related to distress, whereas fighting spirit and perceived social support showed a protective role. Moreover, helplessness/hopelessness and anxious preoccupation jointly predicted 75% of cases and 98% non-cases of distress. Finally, a mediational model between emotional suppression and distress through helplessness/hopelessness was tested. Results support the necessity of routine distress screening all through the illness. Implications of data for psychosocial interventions with breast cancer patients are highlighted.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Making the Case for Mobile Cognition: Eeg and Sports Performance

In the high stakes world of International sport even the smallest change in performance can make the difference between success and failure, leading sports professionals to become increasingly interested in the potential benefits of neuroimaging. Here we describe evidence from EEG studies that either identify neural signals associated with expertise in sport, or employ neurofeedback to improve performance. Evidence for the validity of neurofeedback as a technique for enhancing sports performance remains limited. By contrast, progress in characterizing the neural correlates of sporting behavior is clear: frequency domain studies link expert performance to changes in alpha rhythms, whilst time-domain studies link expertise in response evaluation and motor output with modulations of P300 effects and readiness potentials. Despite early promise, however, findings have had relatively little impact for sports professionals , at least in part because there has been a mismatch between lab tasks and real sporting activity. After selectively reviewing existing findings and outlining limitations, we highlight developments in mobile EEG technology that offer new opportunities for sports neuroscience.
Progressive Muscle Metaboreflex Activation Gradually Decreases Spontaneous Heart Rate Baroreflex Sensitivity During Dynamic Exercise

We tested whether graded muscle metaboreflex activation (MMA) during dynamic exercise would progressively attenuate spontaneous heart rate baroreflex sensitivity (SBRS) in dogs. We measured heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), mean arterial and left ventricular systolic pressures (MAP, LVSP) at rest and during mild or moderate treadmill exercise before and during progressive MMA [via graded reductions of hindlimb blood flow (HLBF)]. SBRS (slopes of the linear relationships (LRs) between HR and LVSP during spontaneous sequences of ≥ 3 consecutive beats when HR changed inversely vs. pressure) decreased during mild exercise from the values at rest (−6.0 ± 1.2 vs. −3.0 ± 0.7 bpm/mmHg, P < 0.05) and these LRs were shifted upwards. Progressive MMA gradually and linearly increased MAP, CO, and HR and linearly decreased SBRS and shifted LRs upward and rightward denoting baroreflex resetting. Moderate exercise caused a substantial reduction in SBRS (−1.8 ± 0.5 bpm/mmHg, P < 0.05) and both an upward and rightward resetting. Gradual MMA again caused significant increases in MAP, CO and HR and progressive decreases in SBRS and LRs shifted to higher MAP and HR. Our results demonstrate that gradual MMA during mild and moderate dynamic exercise progressively decreases SBRS. In addition, baroreflex control of HR is progressively reset to higher blood pressure and HR in proportion to the extent of MMA. NIH HL 55473
On the determinants of honesty perceptions in the United States

This paper explores the determinants of perceptions of the honesty of most people across 48 US states and three periods. The results show support for the detrimental effects of income inequality but no or little support for a set of popular alternative theories from the related literature on social trust. The decline in honesty perceptions in recent decades is found to have been a consequence of increasing social polarization and the natural decline of the most trusting age cohorts. Residual honesty has increased since the 1970s, giving rise to markedly different policy implications than those forwarded in most studies in the trust literature.
Autoimmune cytopenias in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is frequently complicated by secondary autoimmune cytopenias (AIC) represented by autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), pure red cell aplasia, and autoimmune granulocytopenia. The distinction of immune cytopenias from cytopenias due to bone marrow infiltration, usually associated with a worse outcome and often requiring a different treatment, is mandatory. AIHA and ITP are more frequently found in patients with unfavorable biological risk factors for CLL. AIC secondary to CLL respond less favorably to standard treatments than their primary forms, and treating the underlying CLL with chemotherapy or monoclonal antibodies may ultimately be necessary. Am. J. Hematol. 89:1055–1062, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magazine portrayal of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD): A post-modern epidemic in a post-trust society

One of the significantly increasing risks in modern society is that of childhood mental, developmental and behavioural disorders. Attention deficit disorder (ADD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are cases in point. This paper uses a social constructionist and framing approach to investigate the portrayal of risks associated with ADD/ADHD in popular magazines directed towards mass audiences in English speaking North America from 1988–2008. Aqualitative content analysis examines how the magazine articles answer the following questions about ADD and ADHD portrayal: (1) what is it? ; (2) what is said to cause it? ; and (3) what can be done about it? The findings suggest that ADD and ADHD are portrayed in polarising and contradictory ways in this popular medium. Magazine stories demonstrate deep ambivalence about whether or not ADD/ADHD even exist. They question whether or not the associated behaviours constitute medical problems. Despite this, described research on the causes of ADD/ADHD is almost always authoritatively described as either genetic or biological. Treatment by medications is often portrayed as profoundly problematic. This contentious and confusing portrayal exacerbates uncertainty and underscores the perception of risk. It reflects the competing interests operating in the social environment of ADD/ADHD including an ongoing but inconsistent tendency to medicalise this as other childhood mental/developmental/behavioural disorders.
At the Intersection of Social and Cognitive Development: Internal Working Models of Attachment in Infancy

Three visual habituation studies using abstract animations tested the claim that infants' attachment behavior in the Strange Situation procedure corresponds to their expectations about caregiver-infant interactions. Three unique patterns of expectations were revealed. Securely attached infants expected infants to seek comfort from caregivers and expected caregivers to provide comfort. Insecure-resistant infants not only expected infants to seek comfort from caregivers but also expected caregivers to withhold comfort. Insecure-avoidant infants expected infants to avoid seeking comfort from caregivers and expected caregivers to withhold comfort. These data support Bowlby's (1958) original claims-that infants form internal working models of attachment that are expressed in infants' own behavior.
Directory of Introductory Psychology Texts in Print

The list of introductory psychology texts that follows was compiled from reviews, listings, and advertisements published incontemporary Psychology, American Psychologist, Psychology Teacher's Resource Book, Books in Print, and an assortment of other sources. The entries contain as much information about each text as was available from these sources. The codes IM, TF, SG, and BR refer to materials that accompany each text. They translate as follows: IMInstructor's Manual; SG-Study Guide, Workbook, or a combination of the two; TF-Test-Item File; and BR-Book of Readings. Reviews were located for 109 of the 147 texts listed. Citations to these reviews will be found in parentheses at the end of each item, and the reference list for reviewsfollowsthe directory of texts.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOGICAL PROBLEM- SOLVING STRATEGIES

Independent groups of both normal and bright children between the ages of 9 and 16 were given a series of 8 relatively content-free diagnostic problems. Their information-gathering behavior was assessed by means of a strategy score. A plot of strategy score as a function of mental age yields a smooth negatively accelerated growth curve which starts at a "random" level for 9-year-olds of normal IQ and approaches theoretically optimal performance as an asymptote. Comparison of group learning curves indicates that the improvement cannot be explained in terms of differential learning rate. Rather, the increase in logical information-gathering strategy with increasing mental age is best described in terms of an increase in the number of Ss who develop and use a logical strategy. This explanation was supported by analysis of a number of additional response measures. It was suggested that, for individual Ss, development of a logical strategy may proceed in an all-or-none fashion, possibly at more than one level of abstraction.
Trust in the Public Sector

Trust is of major theoretical and instrumental significance for the study of public organizations. Despite an extensive literature detailing the implications of trust in organizational life, there has been little systematic research on its individual or organizational determinants. This article develops and tests a model of trust formation in public organizations. Results of this research show that organizational trust is a distinct work-related attitude. Trust is based on individual demographics, psychological and individual predispositions, attitudes and beliefs, and affective responses to organizational factors. The most important determinants of trust, however, are found in the organizational climate established by supervisory relations.
The Dangers of Verify PIN on Contactless Cards

Contactless / Near Field Communication (NFC) card payments are being introduced around the world, allowing customers to use a card to pay for small purchases by simply placing the card onto the Point of Sale terminal. Although the terminal needs to be able to verify a PIN, it is not clear if such PIN verification features should be available on the NFC card itself. We show that contactless Visa payment cards have (largely redundant) functionality, Verify PIN, which makes them vulnerable to new forms of wireless attack. Based on careful examination of the Europay, MasterCard and Visa (EMV) protocol and experiments with the Visa fast Dynamic Data Authentication transaction protocol, we provide a set of building blocks for possible attacks. These building blocks are data skimming, Verify PIN and transaction relay, which we implement and experiment with. Based on these building blocks, we propose a number of realistic attacks, including a denial-of-service attack and a newly developed realistic PIN guessing attack. The conclusion of our work is that implementing Verify PIN functionality on NFC cards has no demonstrated benefits and opens up new avenues of attack.
Efficacy of add-on tacrolimus on methotrexate to maintain clinical remission after rediscontinuation of a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor in rheumatoid arthritis patients who relapsed shortly after discontinuation of the same tumor necrosis factor inhibitor due to clinical remission

Abstract Objectives: To describe the efficacy of adding tacrolimus to maintain remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on methotrexate after discontinuation of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) therapy. Methods: Consecutive patients with RA, who resumed a TNFi to treat flares after initial TNFi-free remission and discontinued a TNFi again after achieving remission and adding tacrolimus were enrolled. The lengths of remission after discontinuation of TNFi without or with tacrolimus were analyzed. Results: Thirteen TNFi-free periods in six patients, in which seven were without and six were with tacrolimus were analyzed. All were seropositive females with a median age of 46 years and symptom duration of 1.2 years at the onset of TNFi therapy. Two were treated with infliximab and four were with etanercept. The median dose of tacrolimus was 2 mg/day with trough level of 4.5 ng/ml. The length of time to flare after discontinuation of TNFi therapy with tacrolimus was significantly longer than those without tacrolimus (median 107 weeks [range 4–207] versus 13 weeks [2–36]). After adding tacrolimus, only one patient resumed TNFi therapy and three had no flare until final observation. Conclusions: Add-on tacrolimus was effective in maintaining TNFi-free remission in patients with RA who ever relapsed after TNFi-free remission.
Benchmarking Kappa for Software Process Assessment Reliability Studies

Software process assessments are by now a prevalent tool for process improvement and contract risk assessment in the software industry. Given that scores are assigned to processes during an assessment, a process assessment can be considered a subjective measurement procedure. As with any subjective measurement procedure, the reliability of process assessments has important implications on the utility of assessment scores, and therefore the reliability of assessments can be taken as a criterion for evaluating an assessment’s quality. The particular type of reliability of interest in this paper is interrater agreement. Thus far, empirical evaluations of the interrater agreement of assessments have used Cohen’s Kappa coefficient. Once a Kappa value has been derived, the next question is “how good is it? ” Benchmarks for interpreting the obtained values of Kappa are available from the social sciences and medical literature. However, the applicability of these benchmarks to the software process assessment context is not obvious. In this paper we develop a benchmark for interpreting Kappa values using data from ratings of 70 process instances collected from assessments of 19 different projects in 7 different organizations in Europe during the SPICE Trials (this is an international effort to empirically evaluate the emerging ISO/IEC 15504 International Standard for Software Process Assessment). This benchmark can be used to decide how good an assessment’s reliability is.