Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with failure to achieve remission and with relapse after remission in patients with major depressive disorder in the PERFORM study

Background The Prospective Epidemiological Research on Functioning Outcomes Related to Major Depressive Disorder (PERFORM) study has been initiated to better understand the course of a depressive episode and its impact on patient functioning. This analysis aimed to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with failure to achieve remission at month 2 after initiating or switching antidepressant monotherapy and with subsequent relapse at month 6 for patients in remission at month 2. Materials and methods This was a 2-year observational cohort study in 1,159 outpatients aged 18–65 years with major depressive disorder initiating or undergoing the first switch of antidepressant monotherapy. Factors with P<0.20 in univariate logistic regression analyses were combined in a multiple logistic regression model to which backward variable selection was applied (ie, sequential removal of the least significant variable from the model and recomputation of the model until all remaining variables have P<0.05). Results Baseline factors significantly associated with lower odds of remission at month 2 were body-mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (OR 0.51), depressive episode >8 weeks (OR 0.51), being in psychotherapy (OR 0.51), sexual dysfunction (OR 0.62), and severity of depression (OR 0.87). Factors significantly associated with relapse at month 6 were male sex (OR 2.47), being married or living as a couple (OR 2.73), residual patient-reported cognitive symptoms at 2 months (OR 1.12 per additional unit of Perceived Deficit Questionnaire-5 score) and residual depressive symptoms at 2 months (OR 1.27 per additional unit of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score). Conclusion Different factors appear to be associated with failure to achieve remission in patients with major depressive disorder and with subsequent relapse in patients who do achieve remission. Patient-reported cognitive dysfunction is an easily measurable and treatable characteristic that may be associated with an increased likelihood of relapse at 6 months in patients who have achieved remission.
DREAM: a distributed model for runoff, evapotranspiration, and antecedent soil moisture simulation

Abstract. The paper introduces a semi-distributed hydrological model, suitable for continuous simulations, based upon the use of daily and hourly time steps. The model is called D istributed model for R unoff, E vapotranspiration, and A ntecedent soil M oisture simulation (DREAM). It includes a daily water budget and an "event scale" hourly rainfall-runoff module. The two modules may be used separately or in cascade for continuous simulation. The main advantages of this approach lay in the robust and physically based parameterization, which allows use of prior information and measurable data for parameter estimation. The proposed model was applied over four medium-sized basins in southern Italy, exhibiting considerable differences in climate and other physical characteristics. The capabilities of the two modules (daily and hourly) and of the combined runs were tested against measured data.
AffectiveSpace 2: Enabling Affective Intuition for Concept-Level Sentiment Analysis

Predicting the affective valence of unknown multi-word expressions is key for concept-level sentiment analysis. AffectiveSpace 2 is a vector space model, built by means of random projection, that allows for reasoning by analogy on natural language con- cepts. By reducing the dimensionality of affec- tive common-sense knowledge, the model allows semantic features associated with concepts to be generalized and, hence, allows concepts to be intu- itively clustered according to their semantic and affective relatedness. Such an affective intuition (so called because it does not rely on explicit fea- tures, but rather on implicit analogies) enables the inference of emotions and polarity conveyed by multi-word expressions, thus achieving efficient concept-level sentiment analysis.
No effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a pilot randomised study

Introduction Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) may have lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)VitD) serum levels compared with non-MetS individuals. Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is associated with various cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Yet, the effect of VitD supplementation on MetS remains uncertain. Our aim was to examine the effect of VitD supplementation on CVD risk factors in MetS subjects. Material and methods This pilot study had a PROBE (prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end-point) design. Fifty patients with MetS were included and randomised either to dietary instructions (n = 25) (control group) or dietary instructions plus VitD 2000 IU/day (n = 25) (VitD group) for 3 months. This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01237769). Results In both groups a similar small weight reduction was achieved. In the VitD group serum 25(OH)VitD levels significantly increased by 91% (from 16.0 (3.0–35.0) to 30.6 (8.4–67.0) ng/ml, p < 0.001), while in the control group no significant change was observed (from 10.0 (4.0–39.6) to 13.0 (3.5–37.0) ng/ml). In both groups triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, haemoglobin A1c, homeostasis model assessment index and diastolic blood pressure did not significantly change. Systolic blood pressure decreased by 3.7% (from 134 ±14 to 129 ±13 mm Hg, p = 0.05) in the VitD group, while it decreased by 1.5% (from 132 ±13 to 130 ±16 mm Hg, p = NS) in the control group (p = NS between groups). In the VitD group serum 25(OH)VitD increase was negatively correlated with SBP decrease (r = –0.398, p = 0.049). Conclusions VitD supplementation (2000 IU/day) did not affect various CVD risk factors in patients with MetS.
Reconstruction of sparse signals from distorted randomized measurements

In this paper we show that, surprisingly, it is possible to recover sparse signals from nonlinearly distorted measurements, even if the nonlinearity is unknown. Assuming just that the nonlinearity is monotonic, we use the only reliable information in the distorted measurements: their ordering. We demonstrate that this information is sufficient to recover the signal with high precision and present two approaches to do so. The first uses order statistics to compute the minimum mean square (MMSE) estimate of the undistorted measurements and use it with standard compressive sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithms. The second uses the principle of consistent reconstruction to develop a deterministic nonlinear reconstruction algorithm that ensures that measurements of the reconstructed signal have ordering consistent with the ordering of the distorted measurements. Our experiments demonstrate the superior performance of both approaches compared to standard CS methods.
Dynamic Lightpath Allocation in Translucent WDM Optical Networks

The optical reach (the distance an optical signal can travel before the signal quality degrades to a level that necessitates regeneration) ranges from 500 to 2000 miles. To establish a lightpath of length greater than the optical reach, it is necessary to regenerate optical signals. In a translucent optical network, there are regeneration points, where the signal undergoes Optical-Electronic-Optical (O-E-O) conversion. In this paper we have proposed routing algorithms for translucent networks in a dynamic lightpath allocation environment in which requests for communication arrive continuously. In response to each request for communication, the objective is to establish, if possible, a path, from the source to the destination of the request for communication, so that a lightpath may be established, using the path that requires the fewest stages of regeneration. In practical transparent networks, a lightpath must satisfy the wavelength continuity constraint. However, in a translucent network, this constraint can be relaxed at the regeneration points. We have proposed an Integer Linear Program, to give the optimum results for small networks, as well as an efficient heuristic for this problem that works for larger networks. We have evaluated the heuristic through extensive simulations to establish that the heuristic produces close-to-optimal solutions in a fraction of the time needed for the optimal solutions. Our extensive evaluations demonstrate the relative impact of a set of network resources, such as (i) the number of regenerators, (ii) the optical reach of the regenerators and (iii) the number of wavelengths, on the network performance, measured in terms of the call blocking probability. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study that undertakes such an evaluation for translucent networks.
A unified semantic framework for fully structural propositional sequent systems

We identify a large family of fully structural propositional sequent systems, which we call basic systems. We present a general uniform method for providing (potentially, nondeterministic) strongly sound and complete Kripke-style semantics, which is applicable for every system of this family. In addition, this method can also be applied when: (i) some formulas are not allowed to appear in derivations, (ii) some formulas are not allowed to serve as cut formulas, and (iii) some instances of the identity axiom are not allowed to be used. This naturally leads to new semantic characterizations of analyticity (global subformula property), cut admissibility and axiom expansion in basic systems. We provide a large variety of examples showing that many soundness and completeness theorems for different sequent systems, as well as analyticity, cut admissibility, and axiom expansion results, easily follow using the general method of this article.
Inflammatory myopathy with facioscapulohumeral distribution

Fac ioscapulohumera l (FSH) muscular dystrophy has maintained a relatively stable nosologic position since its original description in 1884. ’ I t is considered by most authors as one of the major subgroups of the dystrophic m y o p a t h i e ~ . ~ S Recently, however, a few patients have been reported to have histologic alterations not to be expected in a dystrophic p r o c e ~ s . ~ , ~ We have had the opportunity to study four families with FSH dystrophy in which muscle biopsies revealed an inflammatory myopathy similar to polymyositis. In two of the four families autosomal dominant inher i tance was present. Four individuals showed a favorable response to corticosteroid therapy. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that certain patients with FSH dystrophy may pass through a phase during which inflammatory alterations are present in muscle. During this p e r i o d they may bene f i t f rom an t i inflammatory agents. It will be also suggested tha t FSH dystrophy actually represents a pathologically heterogeneous group of conditions and, therefore, does not constitute a distinct nosologic entity.
Ventral striatum and amygdala activity as convergence sites for early adversity and conduct disorder

Abstract Childhood family adversity (CFA) increases the risk for conduct disorder (CD) and has been associated with alterations in regions of affective processing like ventral striatum (VS) and amygdala. However, no study so far has demonstrated neural converging effects of CFA and CD in the same sample. At age 25 years, functional MRI data during two affective tasks, i.e. a reward (N = 171) and a face-matching paradigm (N = 181) and anatomical scans (N = 181) were acquired in right-handed currently healthy participants of an epidemiological study followed since birth. CFA during childhood was determined using a standardized parent interview. Disruptive behaviors and CD diagnoses during childhood and adolescence were obtained by diagnostic interview (2–19 years), temperamental reward dependence was assessed by questionnaire (15 and 19 years). CFA predicted increased CD and amygdala volume. Both exposure to CFA and CD were associated with a decreased VS response during reward anticipation and blunted amygdala activity during face-matching. CD mediated the effect of CFA on brain activity. Temperamental reward dependence was negatively correlated with CFA and CD and positively with VS activity. These findings underline the detrimental effects of CFA on the offspring's affective processing and support the importance of early postnatal intervention programs aiming to reduce childhood adversity factors.
A New Approach to International Arbitrage Pricing

This paper uses a nonlinear arbitrage-pricing model, a conditional linear model, and an unconditional linear model to price international equities, bonds, and forward currency contracts. Unlike linear models, the nonlinear arbitrage-pricing model requires no restrictions on the payoff space, allowing it to price payoffs of options, forward contracts, and other derivative securities. Only the nonlinear arbitrage-pricing model does an adequate job of explaining the time-series behavior of a cross section of international returns. Copyright 1993 by American Finance Association.
The Political Limits of the Rights Frame: The Case of Same-Sex Marriage in Hawaii

This article uses public debates over same-sex marriage in Hawaii to address gaps in the framing perspective on social movements. Drawing on both elite and nonelite discourses in the debates over same-sex marriage, the analysis demonstrates the dominance of the civil rights frame among supporters of same-sex marriage but finds that alternative discourses emerged among nonelite actors in response to evolving political conditions. Nonelite actors increasingly framed the issue as a question of tolerance and acceptance rather than rights. Opponents of same-sex marriage explicitly rejected the rights frame and countered with discourses of democracy and morality. This case highlights the impact of activist frames on broader public debates, but also the possibility of significant alternative frames that can only be discovered through attention to nonelite discourses. The case also suggests that dominant master frames that inform the discourses of social movements may constrain the framing efforts of activists within specific issue domains.
Streaks in Earnings Surprises and the Cross-section of Stock Returns

The gambler's fallacy [Rabin, M. 2002. Inference by believers in the law of small numbers. Quart. J. Econom.117(3) 775--816] predicts that trends bias investor expectations. Consistent with this prediction, we find that investors underreact to streaks of consecutive earnings surprises with the same sign. When the most recent earnings surprise extends a streak, post-earnings-announcement drift is strong and significant. In contrast, the drift is negligible following the termination of a streak. Indeed, streaks explain about half of the post-earnings-announcement drift in our sample. Our results are robust to more general definitions of trends than streaks and a battery of control variables including the magnitude of earnings surprises and their autocorrelation. Overall, post-earnings-announcement drift has a significant time-series component that is consistent with the gambler's fallacy. This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.
Functional Neuroanatomy of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus: Its Roles in the Regulation of Arousal and Autonomic Function Part II: Physiological and Pharmacological Manipulations and Pathological Alterations of Locus Coeruleus Activity in Humans

The locus coeruleus (LC), the major noradrenergic nucleus of the brain, gives rise to fibres innervating most structures of the neuraxis. Recent advances in neuroscience have helped to unravel the neuronal circuitry controlling a number of physiological functions in which the LC plays a central role. Two such functions are the regulation of arousal and autonomic activity, which are inseparably linked largely via the involvement of the LC. Alterations in LC activity due to physiological or pharmacological manipulations or pathological processes can lead to distinct patterns of change in arousal and autonomic function. Physiological manipulations considered here include the presentation of noxious or anxiety-provoking stimuli and extremes in ambient temperature. The modification of LC-controlled functions by drug administration is discussed in detail, including drugs which directly modify the activity of LC neurones (e.g., via autoreceptors, storage, reuptake) or have an indirect effect through modulating excitatory or inhibitory inputs. The early vulnerability of the LC to the ageing process and to neurodegenerative disease (Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases) is of considerable clinical significance. In general, physiological manipulations and the administration of stimulant drugs, α2-adrenoceptor antagonists and noradrenaline uptake inhibitors increase LC activity and thus cause heightened arousal and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. In contrast, the administration of sedative drugs, including α2-adrenoceptor agonists, and pathological changes in LC function in neurodegenerative disorders and ageing reduce LC activity and result in sedation and activation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
There Constructions Used by Japanese Speakers of English: Their Linguistic Features and Acceptability

Abstract The concept of World Englishes should allow Japanese speakers of English (JS) to develop Japanese English as their own additional language to express their own identity. In Japan, however, previous research has primarily focused on errors JS make, and has not paid adequate attention to Japanese English expressions which are grammatically correct, but not commonly used by native speakers of English (NS). The general purposes of the present study were to collect such grammatically correct Japanese English expressions which were not preferred by NS, and to analyze why those differences emerge between Japanese English and native English. It specifically focused on the use of there constructions, using the Nagoya Interlanguage Corpus of English (NICE) which contains a large collection of essays on social topics written by adult JS and NS of English. It examined differences between JS and NS in terms of linguistic features such as tense, plurality of the logical subject, the post-logical-subject elements, quantifiers and others. It also examined the acceptability of there constructions, and how their sentence structures were changed by NS and JS evaluators who edited the sentences. It was found that JS preferred to use present tense, plural logical subjects, quantifiers, relative clauses and logical subjects which denote “beings”. A large portion of there constructions with these linguistic features were edited by the evaluators. Possible factors that may account for the preferential use of the constructions are also discussed.
Evaluation of a Pathoplastic Relationship between Anxiety Sensitivity and Panic Disorder

A growing body of research suggests that anxiety sensitivity (AS) acts as a specific vulnerability factor in the development of anxiety pathology. More recently, attention has turned to other relationships between AS and anxiety pathology. The present study explores a patholplasty model of AS. A pathoplasty model posits that a dispositional factor (e.g., AS) will affect the expression and/or course of the clinical condition (e.g., panic disorder). In other words, individual differences in AS among patients with panic disorder may be relevant to how the disorder is expressed or how it progresses over time regardless of the role of AS in the genesis of the disorder. The relationships among AS and the clinical facets of a sample of patients with panic disorder ( N = 147) were evaluated. Findings were consistent with the pathoplasty model and suggested: (1) significant variability in AS among patients, (2) AS variation was related to variability in symptom domains, co-occurring diagnoses, and medication use, and (3) variation in AS following treatment was predictive of clinical status at 6-month follow-up.
Transcriptional Reprogramming in Nonhuman Primate (Rhesus Macaque) Tuberculosis Granulomas

Background In response to Mtb infection, the host remodels the infection foci into a dense mass of cells known as the granuloma. The key objective of the granuloma is to contain the spread of Mtb into uninfected regions of the lung. However, it appears that Mtb has evolved mechanisms to resist killing in the granuloma. Profiling granuloma transcriptome will identify key immune signaling pathways active during TB infection. Such studies are not possible in human granulomas, due to various confounding factors. Nonhuman Primates (NHPs) infected with Mtb accurately reflect human TB in clinical and pathological contexts. Methodology/Principal Findings We studied transcriptomics of granuloma lesions in the lungs of NHPs exhibiting active TB, during early and late stages of infection. Early TB lesions were characterized by a highly pro-inflammatory environment, expressing high levels of immune signaling pathways involving IFNγ, TNFα, JAK, STAT and C-C/C-X-C chemokines. Late TB lesions, while morphologically similar to the early ones, exhibited an overwhelming silencing of the inflammatory response. Reprogramming of the granuloma transcriptome was highly significant. The expression of ∼ two-thirds of all genes induced in early lesions was later repressed. Conclusions/Significance The transcriptional characteristics of TB granulomas undergo drastic changes during the course of infection. The overwhelming reprogramming of the initial pro-inflammatory surge in late lesions may be a host strategy to limit immunopathology. We propose that these host profiles can predict changes in bacterial replication and physiology, perhaps serving as markers for latency and reactivation.
Teacher Dispositions as Predictors of Classroom Technology Use

Abstract This study examined various teacher dispositions that predict technology use among K–12 teachers. The Teacher Attribute Survey was administered to 177 K–12 teachers from six Northwest Ohio schools. This instrument measured a variety of teacher attributes, such as teacher self-efficacy, philosophy, openness to change, amount of professional development, and amount of technology use in the classroom. A forward multiple regression was conducted to identify the best combination of variables that predicts classroom technology use among K–12 teachers. Results indicate that the factor combination of amount of technology training, time spent beyond contractual work week, and openness to change best predicted classroom technology use.