Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subjective cognitive decline and β-amyloid burden predict cognitive change in healthy elderly

Objective: To assess in a longitudinal study whether subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and brain β-amyloid (Aβ) contribute unique information to cognitive decline. Methods: One hundred thirty-six healthy elderly from the Berkeley Aging Cohort Study were followed up for a mean of 4 years. SCD and affective measures were generated from the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) with factor analysis on data from a larger set of 347 healthy, nondepressed (GDS <11) elderly individuals. Cognition was summarized with previously validated factor scores. Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET scans were acquired to determine the presence (PiB+) or absence (PiB−) of Aβ pathology. Mixed models were used to assess the independent and interactive effects of SCD, affective features, PiB status, and time on cognition, with adjustment for demographic variables. Results: SCD score demonstrated good construct validity compared to an existing measure of subjective memory and was partially explained by several lower-order measurements. Mixed models revealed that SCD interacted with PiB status to predict change in episodic memory and global cognition over time, with adjustment for affective features. PiB+ individuals with more severe SCD demonstrated the steepest cognitive decline. Worse SCD predicted faster decline in working memory independently of PiB status. No such effects were seen for affective scores when adjusted for SCD. Conclusions: PiB+ individuals with SCD are at greatest risk of cognitive decline. Evidence for amyloid alone is not sufficient to indicate risk of rapid cognitive decline in healthy elderly. Effects of GDS on cognitive decline in nondepressed cohorts may be driven by SCD rather than subsyndromal depression.
Edentulism and nutritional status in a biracial sample of well-functioning, community-dwelling elderly: the health, aging, and body composition study.

BACKGROUND Edentulism may affect dietary intake in older adults, but the relation between edentulism and nutritional status is not completely understood. OBJECTIVE The present study examined whether edentulism is associated with nutritional status and whether there is an interaction between race and edentulism on nutritional status among well-functioning, community-dwelling elderly. DESIGN The study cohort included 3075 elderly aged 70-79 y (52% women, 42% black) in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Dietary intake, anthropometric variables, weight change, and serum albumin and lipid concentrations were compared between edentate and dentate participants by the use of multiple linear and logistic regressions. RESULTS Edentulism was not associated with total energy or food intake but was associated with the food groups consumed, particularly fat, micronutrients, and hard-to-chew foods. Edentulism was more strongly linked to dietary intake in whites than in blacks. Unlike black edentate elderly, white edentate elderly consumed significantly lower energy-adjusted amounts of vitamin A and beta-carotene, higher amounts of energy-adjusted total and saturated fat and cholesterol, and higher percentages of energy from fat than did white dentate elderly. Anthropometry and biochemical indexes were not significantly different by edentulism status in both races. Edentulism was associated with weight gains of >5% in 1 y in both races. CONCLUSIONS Edentulism was associated with differences in the nutritional status of well-functioning, community-dwelling elderly, more so in whites than blacks. Edentate elders may benefit from dental, medical, and nutrition interventions targeted to addressing these findings.
Addressing Health Disparities in Middle School Students' Nutrition and Exercise

Those with low income, especially women of African American and Hispanic heritage have the greatest risk of inactivity and obesity. A 4-session (Internet and video) intervention with healthy snack and gym labs was tested in 2 (gym lab in 1) urban low-middle-income middle schools to improve low fat diet and moderate and vigorous physical activity.1 The gym lab was particularly beneficial (p = .002). Fat in diet decreased with each Internet session in which students participated. Percentage of fat in food was reduced significantly p = . 018 for Black, White, and Black/Native American girls in the intervention group. Interventions delivered through Internet and video may enable reduction of health disparities in students by encouraging those most at risk to consume 30% or less calories from fat and to engage in moderate and vigorous physical activity.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Memory detection 2.0: The first web-based memory detection test

There is accumulating evidence that reaction times (RTs) can be used to detect recognition of critical (e.g., crime) information. A limitation of this research base is its reliance upon small samples (average n = 24), and indications of publication bias. To advance RT-based memory detection, we report upon the development of the first web-based memory detection test. Participants in this research (Study1: n = 255; Study2: n = 262) tried to hide 2 high salient (birthday, country of origin) and 2 low salient (favourite colour, favourite animal) auto-biographical details. RTs allowed to detect concealed autobiographical information, and this, as predicted, more successfully so than error rates, and for high salient than for low salient items. While much remains to be learned, memory detection 2.0 seems to offer an interesting new platform to efficiently and validly conduct RT-based memory detection research.
Dietary protein affects intestinal calcium absorption.

BACKGROUND Changes in dietary protein in adults are associated with changes in urinary calcium excretion. The mechanisms underlying this effect are not completely understood, but alterations in intestinal absorption of calcium are not thought to be involved. OBJECTIVE We reexamined this mechanism by evaluating the effect of 2 amounts of dietary protein (low: 0.7 g/kg; and high: 2.1 g/kg) on fractional calcium absorption in 7 healthy, young women. DESIGN The experiment consisted of 2 wk of a well-balanced diet containing moderate amounts of calcium, sodium, and protein followed by 5 d of an experimental diet that contained 1 of 2 amounts of protein and constant amounts of other nutrients known to influence calcium metabolism. Seven subjects received both amounts of dietary protein in random order. Blood and urine were sampled at baseline and on day 4. Fractional calcium absorption was measured by dual-stable calcium isotopes on day 5. In a second study of 5 additional women, we evaluated the effects of dietary fiber on calcitropic hormones. RESULTS Subjects developed hypocalciuria and secondary hyperparathyroidism on day 4 of the low-protein diet. Urinary calcium excretion and the glomerular filtration rate were elevated significantly by day 4 of the high-protein compared with the low-protein diet. Fractional calcium absorption after the low-protein diet was 0.19+/-0.03, which was significantly lower than that after the high-protein diet (0.26+/-0.03, P=0.05). CONCLUSION These data provide evidence that depressed intestinal calcium absorption explains, in part, low-protein-induced secondary hyperparathyroidism.
TOWARDS THE OPTIMAL FORAGING STRATEGY: IS SEASONAL SHIFT IN THE DIET OF CORMORANTS PHALACROCORAX CARBO (L.) IN A DAM RESERVOIR THE EFFECT OF WATER TEMPERATURE OR SIZE PATTERN IN FISH ASSEMBLAGES?

According to optimal foraging theory the prey choice strongly affects the benefit- cost ratios. Predators search prey giving the high- est benefit and costs of all components of preda- tion (. prey search, encounter, pursuit, capture, and handling) may be considerably reduced if the prey is more available. The study on Cormorant diet and the species composition of prey fish as- semblages in the Dobczyce Reservoir (area 985 ha, submontane, eutrophic reservoir in Southern Po- land) in spring (May-June) and in autumn (Oct- Nov) showed differences in the food composition and the prey size affected by seasonal changes in fish availability. The diet of Cormorant included eleven fish species and the dominant species in the food was roach in spring (72%) and roach and perch in autumn (49% in total). Roach and perch had the highest share in prey assemblages too (56% in spring, and 53% in autumn). Significant preference toward roach in spring was found. The share of roach and perch did not changed season- ally and could not explain the change in the com- position of Cormorant diet. The range of the total length (LT) of fish in Cormorant diet was 3.5-35.2 cm. Diet consisted of distinctly smaller fish in autumn. Relative number of small fish was ca 3 times greater in this period compared to spring. Weighted mean of fish TL in prey assemblage was
Ellipsoidal capsules in simple shear flow: prolate versus oblate initial shapes

The large deformations of an initially-ellipsoidal capsule in a simple shear flow are studied by coupling a boundary integral method for the internal and external flows and a finite-element method for the capsule wall motion. Oblate and prolate spheroids are considered (initial aspect ratios: 0.5 and 2) in the case where the internal and external fluids have the same viscosity and the revolution axis of the initial spheroid lies in the shear plane. The influence of the membrane mechanical properties (mechanical law and ratio of shear to area dilatation moduli) on the capsule behaviour is investigated. Two regimes are found depending on the value of a capillary number comparing viscous and elastic forces. At low capillary numbers, the capsule tumbles, behaving mostly like a solid particle. At higher capillary numbers, the capsule has a fluid-like behaviour and oscillates in the shear flow while its membrane continuously rotates around its deformed shape. During the tumbling-to-swinging transition, the capsule transits through an almost circular profile in the shear plane for which a long axis can no longer be defined. The critical transition capillary number is found to depend mainly on the initial shape of the capsule and on its shear modulus, and weakly on the area dilatation modulus. Qualitatively, oblate and prolate capsules are found to behave similarly, particularly at large capillary numbers when the influence of the initial state fades out. However, the capillary number at which the transition occurs is significantly lower for oblate spheroids.
Tranching, CDS and Asset Prices: How Financial Innovation Can Cause Bubbles and Crashes

We show how the timing of financial innovation might have contributed to the mortgage boom and then to the bust of 2007-2009. We study the effect of leverage, tranching, securitization and CDS on asset prices in a general equilibrium model with collateral. We show why tranching and leverage tend to raise asset prices and why CDS tend to lower them. This may seem puzzling, since it implies that creating a derivative tranche in the securitization whose payoffs are identical to the CDS will raise the underlying asset price while the CDS outside the securitization lowers it. The resolution of the puzzle is that the CDS lowers the value of the underlying asset since it is equivalent to tranching cash.
Chapter 2 Developmental Neurobiology of Face Processing

Several lines of research suggest that face processing is a “special” perceptual ability that is subserved by a distinct neural system (Haxby et al. 2001; Kanwisher et al. 1997). Furthermore, face perception has been cited as the most developed visual-perceptual skill in humans (Haxby et al. 2000). Indeed, several researchers have claimed that adult face processing can be characterized as a uniquely expert system in humans (Gauthier and Tarr 1997). The extant literature on the basic organization and neural underpinnings of adult face processing is riddled with controversy and may be better informed by an understanding of the processes involved in the development of this system. The fundamental question of how a perceptual system becomes functionally and structurally specialized has great potential to inform us about the basic characteristics of that perceptual system and how it came into being. Many investigators who study face processing in adults view faces as a “special” class of perceptual stimuli. This view is gener-
Biological and therapeutic implications of multisector sequencing in newly diagnosed glioblastoma

Background Diagnostic workflows for glioblastoma (GBM) patients increasingly include DNA sequencing-based analysis of a single tumor site following biopsy or resection. We hypothesized that sequencing of multiple sectors within a given tumor would provide a more comprehensive representation of the molecular landscape and potentially inform therapeutic strategies. Methods Ten newly diagnosed, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) wildtype GBM tumor samples were obtained from 2 (n = 9) or 4 (n = 1) spatially distinct tumor regions. Tumor and matched blood DNA samples underwent whole-exome sequencing. Results Across all 10 tumors, 51% of mutations were clonal and 3% were subclonal and shared in different sectors, whereas 46% of mutations were subclonal and private. Two of the 10 tumors exhibited a regional hypermutator state despite being treatment naïve, and remarkably, the high mutational load was predominantly limited to one sector in each tumor. Among the canonical cancer-associated genes, only telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations were observed in the founding clone in all tumors. Reconstruction of the clonal architecture in different sectors revealed regionally divergent evolution, and integration of data from 2 sectors increased the resolution of inferred clonal architecture in a given tumor. Predicted therapeutic mutations differed in presence and frequency between tumor regions. Similarly, different sectors exhibited significant divergence in the predicted neoantigen landscape. Conclusions The substantial spatial heterogeneity observed in different GBM tumor sectors, especially in spatially restricted hypermutator cases, raises important caveats to our current dependence on single-sector molecular information to guide either targeted or immune-based treatments.
Medical Comorbidities and the Onset of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Population-Based, Case-Control Study

Vol. 30, No. 2, 2018 251 Received October 17, 2016, Revised May 3, 2017, Accepted for publication May 15, 2017 Corresponding author: Won-Soo Lee, Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Korea. Tel: 82-33-741-0622, Fax: 82-33-748-2650, E-mail: leewonsoo@yonsei.ac. kr This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © The Korean Dermatological Association and The Korean Society for Investigative Dermatology 4. Wu CS, Yu CL, Wu CS, Lan CC, Yu HS. Narrow-band ultraviolet-B stimulates proliferation and migration of cultured melanocytes. Exp Dermatol 2004;13:755-763. 5. Schallreuter KU, Tobin DJ, Panske A. Decreased photodamage and low incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in 136 sun-exposed caucasian patients with vitiligo. Dermatology 2002;204:194-201.
A combination of prebiotic short- and long-chain inulin-type fructans enhances calcium absorption and bone mineralization in young adolescents.

BACKGROUND Short-term studies in adolescents have generally shown an enhancement of calcium absorption by inulin-type fructans (prebiotics). Results have been inconsistent; however, and no studies have been conducted to determine whether this effect persists with long-term use. OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the effects on calcium absorption and bone mineral accretion after 8 wk and 1 y of supplementation with an inulin-type fructan. DESIGN Pubertal adolescents were randomly assigned to receive 8 g/d of a mixed short and long degree of polymerization inulin-type fructan product (fructan group) or maltodextrin placebo (control group). Bone mineral content and bone mineral density were measured before randomization and after 1 y. Calcium absorption was measured with the use of stable isotopes at baseline and 8 wk and 1 y after supplementation. Polymorphisms of the Fok1 vitamin D receptor gene were determined. RESULTS Calcium absorption was significantly greater in the fructan group than in the control group at 8 wk (difference: 8.5 +/- 1.6%; P < 0.001) and at 1 y (difference: 5.9 +/- 2.8%; P = 0.04). An interaction with Fok1 genotype was present such that subjects with an ff genotype had the least initial response to fructan. After 1 y, the fructan group had a greater increment in both whole-body bone mineral content (difference: 35 +/- 16 g; P = 0.03) and whole-body bone mineral density (difference: 0.015 +/- 0.004 g/cm(2); P = 0.01) than did the control group. CONCLUSION Daily consumption of a combination of prebiotic short- and long-chain inulin-type fructans significantly increases calcium absorption and enhances bone mineralization during pubertal growth. Effects of dietary factors on calcium absorption may be modulated by genetic factors, including specific vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms.
Prenatal undernutrition and leukocyte telomere length in late adulthood: the Dutch famine birth cohort study.

BACKGROUND Energy restriction in prenatal life has detrimental effects on later life health and longevity. Studies in rats have shown that the shortening of telomeres in key tissues plays an important role in this association. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to investigate leukocyte telomere length in relation to prenatal famine exposure. DESIGN The Dutch famine birth cohort consists of 2414 term singleton men and women who were born between 1943 and 1947 in Amsterdam around the time of the famine. At a mean age of 68 y, telomere length and the percentage of short telomeres was assessed in a subsample of 131 cohort members, of whom 45 were born before the famine (control), 41 were exposed to famine during early gestation, and 45 were conceived after the famine (control). Median telomere length was determined in peripheral blood leukocytes by a high-throughput quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization-based technology. RESULTS Leukocyte telomere length and the percentage of short telomeres did not differ between those exposed to famine during early gestation and those unexposed during gestation. A lower socioeconomic status at birth, frequent consumption of alcohol (specifically consumption of spirits), a history of cancer, and a lower self-reported health status were significantly associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length (all P ≤ 0.03). Currently having a job was significantly associated with a smaller percentage of short telomeres (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION The results of the current study suggest that prenatal exposure to famine is not associated with the shortening of telomeres in peripheral blood leukocytes at age 68 y.
Aggregate Rate Control for Efficient and Practical Congestion Management

— Active queue management (AQM) promises to overcome the current limitations of end-host only congestion control by providing congestion feedback information before router queue buffers overﬂow. Many emerging AQM approaches use proportional integral (PI) controller design because of PI’s simplicity and effectiveness. Unfortunately, these promising AQMs still face a critical deployment challenge since there are no simple and effective PI control parameter conﬁgurations available for time-delayed systems (i.e. the Internet). As a solution, we present the Aggregate Rate Controller (ARC), a reduced parameter PI controller for Internet trafﬁc. ARC, founded on both classical control theory and a sound understanding of Internet congestion control, uses a low frequency rate-based approach to detect congestion that minimizes control noises and provides more ﬂexible link Quality of Service (QoS) compared with queue-based approaches. In addition, we provide practical conﬁguration guidelines for ARC that produce efﬁcient and resilient performance over a wide range of trafﬁc conditions. Simulations verify that ARC effectively handles network congestion over a range of network and trafﬁc conditions, overall outperforming other mechanisms in terms of queue dynamics, link utilization, data loss rate and object response time for Web trafﬁc.
The origin and genetic divergence of "black" kokanee, a novel reproductive ecotype of Oncorhynchus nerka

Kokanee and sockeye salmon are the freshwater-resident and anadromous forms, respectively, of Oncorhynchus nerka. Unique populations of “black” kokanee are found in Lake Saiko, Japan, and in Anderson and Seton lakes in the southwestern interior of British Columbia. They are distinct from other populations of O. nerka in that black kokanee display black nuptial colouration and they spawn between 20 to 70 m below the surface of lakes in the winter or early spring. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA and nine microsatellite loci supported the hypothesis that black kokanee in Lake Saiko and in Anderson and Seton lakes have had a diphyletic origin resulting from at least two episodes of divergence in the North Pacific basin. Further, black kokanee in the Anderson and Seton lakes system were genetically distinct from sympatric populations of sockeye salmon in Gates and Portage creeks (inlets to Anderson and Seton lakes, respectively) and were distinct from one another. Anderson and Seton lake black kokanee differed d.
Electronic structure and superconductivity of FeSe-related superconductors

FeSe superconductors and their related systems have attracted much attention in the study of iron-based superconductors owing to their simple crystal structure and peculiar electronic and physical properties. The bulk FeSe superconductor has a superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of ∼8 K and it can be dramatically enhanced to 37 K at high pressure. On the other hand, its cousin system, FeTe, possesses a unique antiferromagnetic ground state but is non-superconducting. Substitution of Se with Te in the FeSe superconductor results in an enhancement of Tc up to 14.5 K and superconductivity can persist over a large composition range in the Fe(Se,Te) system. Intercalation of the FeSe superconductor leads to the discovery of the AxFe2−ySe2 (A = K, Cs and Tl) system that exhibits a Tc higher than 30 K and a unique electronic structure of the superconducting phase. A recent report of possible high temperature superconductivity in single-layer FeSe/SrTiO3 films with a Tc above 65 K has generated much excitement in the community. This pioneering work opens a door for interface superconductivity to explore for high Tc superconductors. The distinct electronic structure and superconducting gap, layer-dependent behavior and insulator–superconductor transition of the FeSe/SrTiO3 films provide critical information in understanding the superconductivity mechanism of iron-based superconductors. In this paper, we present a brief review of the investigation of the electronic structure and superconductivity of the FeSe superconductor and related systems, with a particular focus on the FeSe films.