Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tourism and hotel revenues before and after passage of smoke-free restaurant ordinances.

CONTEXT Claims that ordinances requiring smoke-free restaurants will adversely affect tourism have been used to argue against passing such ordinances. Data exist regarding the validity of these claims. OBJECTIVE To determine the changes in hotel revenues and international tourism after passage of smoke-free restaurant ordinances in locales where the effect has been debated. DESIGN Comparison of hotel revenues and tourism rates before and after passage of 100% smoke-free restaurant ordinances and comparison with US hotel revenue overall. SETTING Three states (California, Utah, and Vermont) and 6 cities (Boulder, Colo; Flagstaff, Ariz; Los Angeles, Calif; Mesa, Ariz; New York, NY; and San Francisco, Calif) in which the effect on tourism of smoke-free restaurant ordinances had been debated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hotel room revenues and hotel revenues as a fraction of total retail sales compared with preordinance revenues and overall US revenues. RESULTS In constant 1997 dollars, passage of the smoke-free restaurant ordinance was associated with a statistically significant increase in the rate of change of hotel revenues in 4 localities, no significant change in 4 localities, and a significant slowing in the rate of increase (but not a decrease) in 1 locality. There was no significant change in the rate of change of hotel revenues as a fraction of total retail sales (P=.16) or total US hotel revenues associated with the ordinances when pooled across all localities (P = .93). International tourism was either unaffected or increased following implementation of the smoke-free ordinances. CONCLUSION Smoke-free ordinances do not appear to adversely affect, and may increase, tourist business.
The NBI matrix model of IIB superstrings

We investigate the NBI matrix model with the potential XΛ+X−1+(2η+1)log X recently proposed to describe IIB superstrings. With the proper normalization, using Virasoro constraints, we prove the equivalence of this model and the Kontsevich matrix model for η≠0 and find the explicit transformation between the two models
Endoscopic treatment of benign anastomotic colorectal stenosis with electrocautery.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Benign anastomotic colorectal stenosis can occur after surgery and can require surgical or endoscopic dilation. This study aimed to investigate the use of electrocautery in this area. PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled 39 consecutive patients (25 men, 14 women; mean age 61, range 48-77) suffering from anastomotic colorectal stenosis, demonstrated by colonoscopy (19 patients) or by barium enema (20 patients). We performed endoscopic dilation of the strictures with electrocautery once only in each patient. RESULTS In all patients we obtained dilation of the strictures without any immediate or delayed procedure-related complications. No recurrence of the stenosis was demonstrated during a follow-up of a mean of 25 months (range 8-43 months). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that endoscopic electrocautery is a safe and effective treatment of anastomotic colorectal stenosis.
'Caught Between a Rock and a Hard Place:' Police Experiences with the Legitimacy of Street Watch Partnerships

This article describes some of the difficulties experienced by the police in attempting to create and maintain the legitimacy of two local Street Watch police-community partnerships. Using Beetham's (1991) framework of legitimacy for analysis, it is argued that Street Watch schemes do not enjoy inherent legitimacy fundamentally because of their potential for vigilantism, which in turn can threaten to compromise the legitimacy of the police. This particular form of active citizenship is questioned in terms of its regulation and overall appropriateness within the current expansion of policing.
Secondary school students' interests, attitudes and values concerning school science related to environmental issues in Finland

This paper explores the relationship between students' interests in environmental issues, attitudes to environmental responsibility and biocentric values in school science education. The factors were investigated within the framework of three moderators: gender, school and residential area of the school. The survey was carried out using the international ROSE questionnaire with ninth‐grade students (N = 3626) from 68 schools. Likert‐type items were categorised with explorative factor analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to study the importance of the moderators. There were significant correlations between the attitude and value factors. Interest and attitude were also significantly correlated, but the correlation between interest and value was negligible. Girls' attitude was significantly more positive and their biocentric value stronger than those of the boys, while in terms of interest, the gender difference was small. The effect of residential area was negligible, but there were significant differences between schools in all the factors studied. A school's own environmental projects and participation in programmes linked to environmental education or education for sustainable development was suggested to enhance students' interest in environmental issues. The role of interests, attitudes and values in teaching environmental issues are important fields for future research in science, environmental and sustainability education.
The dimensionality of the verbal aggressiveness scale

Infante and Wigley's (1986) Verbal Aggressiveness Scale (VAS) is a widely accepted and frequently used measure of trait verbal aggression. Although the scale is almost always scored as if it were unidimensional, previous factor analytic studies provide evidence that it is multidimensional with two distinct factors. The present studies (N = 194 and 177) used confirmatory factor analysis to replicate the two‐factor solution. The two‐factor model was consistent with the data, and provides a better fit to the data than the unidimensional solution. The first factor, comprised of all aggressively worded, nonreflected items, appears to measure verbal aggressiveness as intended whereas the second factor, comprised of all reverse‐scored items (benevolently worded), appears to measure a communication style related to other‐esteem confirmation and supportiveness. Given this interpretation, it is recommended that only the 10 aggressively worded items be scored. Hamilton, Buck, and Chory‐Assad, in an adversarial collaborative discussion, agree that the VAS is bidimensional, but offer an alternative conceptual model. They hold that the two factors reflect selfish individualism and prosocial cooperation.
HOW MUCH DO MIDDLE MANAGERS MATTER, REALLY? AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THEIR IMPACT ON SUSTAINED SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE

Prior research on middle managers has emphasized their vital role in the strategic and entrepreneurial process of established organizations. Yet we still know relatively little about how their actual behavior translates into superior performance. In this paper I examine how entrepreneurial behavior of middle managers - defined as innovative use of resources to explore and exploit opportunities - affects sustainable superior results at the subunit level. My analysis of 120 middle managers of a large European financial services firm suggests that entrepreneurial behavior triggers profit growth at the subunit level. Furthermore I find that individual characteristics - gender and education - are significantly related to superior performance.
The Linker Phosphorylation Site Tyr292 Mediates the Negative Regulatory Effect of Cbl on ZAP-70 in T Cells1

The protooncogene product Cbl has emerged as a negative regulator of tyrosine kinases. We have shown previously that Cbl binds to ZAP-70 through its N-terminal tyrosine kinase binding (TKB) domain. In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of Cbl in Jurkat T cells decreases the TCR-induced phosphorylation of ZAP-70 and other cellular phosphoproteins. Coexpression of Cbl with ZAP-70 in COS cells reproduced the Cbl-induced reduction in the level of phosphorylated ZAP-70. The effect of Cbl was eliminated by the TKB-inactivating G306E mutation in Cbl as well as by a phenylalanine mutation of Tyr292 within the TKB domain binding site on ZAP-70. Notably, the oncogenic Cbl-70Z/3 mutant associated with ZAP-70, but did not reduce the levels of phosphorylated ZAP-70. Overexpression of Cbl, but not Cbl-G306E, in Jurkat T cells led to a decrease in the TCR-induced NF-AT luciferase reporter activity. Overexpression of the TKB domain itself, but not its G306E mutant, functioned in a dominant-negative manner and led to an increase in NF-AT reporter activity. Cbl-70Z/3-overexpressing cells exhibited an increase in both basal and TCR-induced NF-AT luciferase reporter activity, and this trend was reversed by the G306E mutation. Finally, by reconstituting a ZAP-70-deficient Jurkat T cell line, p116, we demonstrate that wild-type ZAP-70 is susceptible to the negative regulatory effect of Cbl, whereas the ZAP-70-Y292F mutant is resistant. Together, our results establish that the linker phosphorylation site Tyr292 mediates the negative regulatory effect of Cbl on ZAP-70 in T cells.
The Comparative Study of Chiefly Communities in the Eurasian Steppe Region

The chiefdom has been taken by many scholars to be a highly specific and unvarying societal type, but the emergence of the larger human communities that have often been labeled chiefdoms took a number of different paths in different regions. Comparative analysis of the kinds of archaeological evidence most directly relevant to the social organization of these chiefly communities demonstrates considerable variety within the Eurasian steppe. Chalcolithic Tripol'ye central communities grew exceptionally rapidly to very large size, with equally large hinterland populations; their developmental dynamic likely centered strongly on the accumulation of wealth based in the agro-pastoral subsistence economy. Larger communities and regional-scale sociopolitical organization also characterized Bronze Age Sintashta and Iron Age GorokhovoSargat communities. Although these were later in time, they contained fewer inhabitants and showed less indication of different standards of living for different households. Much greater elaboration of burial ritual and fortifications suggests more elite emphasis on prestige competition and warfare in these two latter cases. This contrast between the scale and basis of social hierarchy in Tripol'ye communities, on the one hand, and Sintashta and Gorok
Comparative Understanding of School Subjects: Past, Present, and Future

Research has elevated the proposition of knowledge’s domain specificity from a working hypothesis to a de facto truth. The assumption of domain specificity structures handbooks, organizes branches of funding agencies, and provides headings for conference proceedings. Leading researchers often focus on a single slice of the school day despite the possibility that such segments swirl into a blur for children. The authors examine the domain-specific landscape, beginning with the recent past, when domain generality, not domain specificity, reigned supreme. They then examine the transition to domain-specific approaches. Next, they offer an alternative to both positions, a stance they call the comparative understanding of school subjects. A comparative understanding trains attention on how the same children understand multiple subjects in the curriculum. The authors argue that this approach represents a promising path for conceptualizing research on children, schooling, and thinking by raising new questions about children’s understandings.
Partnering enhanced-NLP with semantic analysis in support of information extraction

Information extraction using Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools focuses on extracting explicitly stated information from textual material. This includes Named Entity Recognition (NER), which produces entities and some of the relationships that may exist among them. Intelligent analysis requires examining the entities in the context of the entire document. While some of the relationships among the recognized entities may be preserved during extraction, the overall context of a document may not be preserved. In order to perform intelligent analysis on the extracted information, we provide an ontology, which describes the domain of the extracted information, in addition to rules that govern the classification and interpretation of added elements. The ontology is at the core of an interactive system that assists analysts with the collection, extraction, organization, analysis and retrieval of information, with the topic of "terrorism financing" as a case study. User interaction provides valuable assistance in assigning meaning to extracted information. The system is designed as a set of tools to provide the user with the flexibility and power to ensure accurate inference. This case study demonstrates the information extraction features as well as the inference power that is supported by the ontology.
HSV Serologic Testing for Pregnant Women: Willingness to Be Tested and Factors Affecting Testing

Objective. This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate pregnant women's willingness to undergo HSV type-specific serologic testing and factors affecting willingness in an obstetrics/gynecology ambulatory unit. Methods. At prenatal Visit 1, pregnant women (n = 303) with no history of HSV-2 were tested for HSV-1/HSV-2 before and after they received counseling on genital and neonatal herpes. Results. In both the Unwilling Subgroup and the group that changed from being willing to being unwilling, the most common reasons for choosing not to be tested were not being at risk for genital herpes, being tested is too personal, and concern about what will be done with the results. Of the 134 participants in the Willing/Tested Subgroup, 27 (20%) were HSV-2 seropositive and 81 (60%) were HSV-1 seropositive. Conclusions. These results support the feasibility of HSV serologic testing and counseling in pregnant women.
Exploring consumer reactions to incongruent mild disgust appeals

The attitude towards the advertisement (Aad) and the brand (Ab) and brand recall for disgust and non‐disgust advertising appeals for a tour operator were studied in a sample of 244 Belgians. Disgusting advertisements led to a significantly more negative Aad than non‐disgusting advertisements and did not lead to better brand recall. The negative reactions to disgust advertisements were especially outspoken for individuals with high affect intensity, high sensitivity to disgust and high product category involvement, whereas the difference with non‐disgust appeals was not significant for individuals low in affect intensity, sensitivity to disgust or product category involvement. Attitudes and recall were similar across demographic segments, and for a new and an existing brand. Results showed that Aad fully mediated the impact of disgust on Ab.
The Effect of War-Deployment on At-Home Spouses and Partners: A Support Group Manual for Group Facilitators

War deployments are stressful events for the at-home spouse of a deployed soldier (Faber, Willerton, Shelley, Clymer, MacDermid, W Demers, 2009; Chapin, 2009). Approximately two million military personnel had been deployed to the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan as of August 2009 (Center for Deployment Psychology, 2010). Spouses of National Guard and Reserve members of the military are uniquely affected by deployments (Tollefson, 2008; Slone, Pomerantz, & Friedman, 2009; Huebner, Mancini, Bowen, & Orthner, 2009). They do not belong to a military base, and therefore, do not have access to base resources, such as medical and mental health services attuned to the unique issues facing military personnel and their families (Tollefson, 2008; Slone, Pomerantz, & Friedman, 2009; Huebner, Mancini, Bowen, & Orthner, 2009). The literature documents stressors associated with war deployments for the at-home spouse, such as concern about their soldier‘s safety and wellbeing, loneliness, and increased responsibilities at home, such as single parenting (Faber et al., 2008; Demers, 2009; Chapin, 2009). Furthermore, research has found increased levels of mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety, among spouses of deployed soldiers (Mansfield, Kaufman, Marshall, Gayned, Morrissey, & Engel, 2010; Lawler, Flori, Volk, & Davis, 1997). Healthy coping strategies and resilience are instrumental in successfully navigating deployments (McCubbin, Dahl, Lester, Benson, & Robertson, 1976; Wiens & Boss, 2006), and support groups are widely recommended in the literature as one way of coping with the deployment of a spouse (Tollefson, 2008; Black, 1993; Huebner et al., 2009). This doctoral project has used the research literature as a guide to develop a support group manual for non-deployed spouses and partners; specifically those of National Guard or Reserve personnel. The topics proposed in the manual were derived directly from suggestions found in the research literature.
Transformational leadership, workplace engagement and the mediating influence of meaningful work: Building a conceptual framework

The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of the relationship betweentransformational leadership, meaningful work and workplace engagement. Although there isconsensus that better engaged employees help organizations to perform better, industry reportsindicate that only one fifth of employees are engaged in their work. While there is some evidence inthe literature to suggest a link between transformational leadership factors such as idealizedinfluence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration, and thecomponents of workplace engagement such as vigor, dedication and absorption, little is known aboutthe nature of this relationship. This paper proposes a conceptual framework supporting an indirectrelationship between transformational leadership and followers workplace engagement, arelationship mediated by followers perceptions of meaningful work. The paper provides insights into enhancing followers workplace engagement via transformational leaders through their ability tocreate meaningful work. The proposed conceptual framework has implications for researchersexamining the link between transformational leadership and work engagement, and for organizationskeen to improve employee engagement levels through by leaders.
A Historical Perspective on the Role of Collaboration in Teacher Education Reform

This article provides an analysis of how collaborative teacher education has developed in terms of practice, discourse, and the relationship between general and special education across three historical stages. It explores how collaborative teacher education between general and special education has been positioned over time in relationship to larger national reform efforts in teacher education. Approaching the history of collaborative teacher education developmentally from these three perspectives sheds light on how today’s emphasis on collaboration and multiple certifications intersects with what it means to teach in a diverse society and what it means to prepare teachers to meet the needs of every student.
Processing verb argument structure across languages: Evidence for shared representations in the bilingual lexicon

Although the organization of first language (L1) and second language (L2) lexicosemantic information has been extensively studied in the bilingual literature, little evidence exists concerning how syntactic information associated with words is represented across languages. The present study examines the shared or independent nature of the representation of verb argument structure in the bilingual mental lexicon and the contribution of constituent order and thematic role information in these representations. In three production tasks, Greek (L1) advanced learners of English (L2) generated an L1 prime structure (Experiment 1: prepositional object [PO] and double object [DO] structures; Experiment 2: PO, DO, and intransitive structures; Experiment 3: PO, DO, locative, and “provide (someone) with (something)” structures) before completing an L2 target structure (PO or DO only). Experiment 1 showed L1-to-L2 syntactic priming; participants tended to reuse L1 structure when producing L2 utterances. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that this tendency was contingent on the combination of both syntactic structure and thematic roles up to the first postverbal argument. Based on these findings, we outline a model of shared representations of syntactic and thematic information for L1 and L2 verbs in the bilingual lexicon.
The Similarity-Attraction Link: Sequential Versus Parallel Multiple-Mediator Models Involving Inferred Attraction, Respect, and Positive Affect

We tested the hypothesis that the attitude similarity effect spreads sequentially through positive affect, respect, and inferred attraction to attraction. In Experiment 1, participants received information about a partner's similar or dissimilar attitudes and reported one of the three mediators before attraction. The similarity-attraction link was mediated by positive affect or respect but more strongly by inferred attraction. In Experiment 2, the three mediators were measured in different orders. Results falsified parallel and combined parallel-sequential multiple-mediator models and two of the fully sequential multiple-mediator models but supported four fully sequential models that were consistent with the affect-centered and affect primacy hypotheses.
Transition Planning for Students with Significant Disabilities

An analysis of transition plans for students with disabilities was conducted across 24 school divisions in Virginia. Eighty-four public school students, ages 14 to 21, with significant disabilities, comprised the sample. The results indicate that for a majority of students with significant disabilities there is a need for greater participation in the planning of their future, increased opportunities to access employment prior to exiting school, and access to a range of services to provide ongoing and long-term support in the community.
Approaches to studying among Greek university students: the impact of gender, age, academic discipline and handedness

Background There is considerable interest in differences in students' approaches to learning, particularly in the difference between ‘deep’ approaches (characterized by contextualization, critical review and recognition of the value of the content) and ‘surface’ approaches (characterized by rote learning for functional purposes). The Revised approaches to studying inventory (RASI) attempts to measure approaches but it is suggested that it cannot be applied universally. Purpose The purpose of the study was to assess the factor structure of an existing measure of students' approaches to studying (RASI) in a sample of Greek undergraduate students, investigating the effects of gender, age, academic discipline and handedness on approaches to studying. Sample The sample totalled 452 undergraduates from a medium-sized university in Greece. Design and methods A factor analysis of a 30-item version of the RASI indicated five factors: surface approach, strategic approach, deep approach, metacognitive awareness and academic self-confidence. Mixed-design analysis of variance (MANOVA) was computed for each of the scales of the RASI. Results and conclusions The results of the MANOVAs showed statistically significant main effects for sex on strategic approach and faculty on academic self-confidence. There was a statistically significant two-way interaction of sex×handedness on strategic approach, and a three-way interaction of sex×age× faculty on deep approach.