Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Papil Omavirus Dna Rep Cation

The papillomaviruses constitute a large family of viruses that cause benign tumors (warts) in their hosts. In recent years, these viruses have been found to have substantial clinical importance (Syrjanen et al. 1987; zur Hausen 1991). The replication properties of papillomaviruses have been studied for a number of years; however, many results obtained in the early studies concerning both transacting factors and cis-acting elements required for replication have not been reproducible. Therefore, a clear picture of the viral replicon has emerged only during the last 5 years and the understanding of papillomavirus replication is relatively primitive compared to, for example, the well-studied SV40 system. For technical and historical reasons, the field has been dominated by studies of one particular member of the papillomavirus family, bovine papil-lomavirus (BPV), which has served as a prototype for the papil-lomaviruses. More recently, largely because of information obtained from the BPV system, it has become possible to develop systems to study the replication properties of several human papillomaviruses. In this chapter, I describe the BPV system in some detail and, from this point of reference, discuss the variations and differences that have been observed for replication of other papillomaviruses. The natural life cycle of papillomaviruses is complex and not understood in detail. However, in the basal cells of the papilloma, viral DNA is maintained in a latent form characterized by episomal replication at a relatively low copy number. At this stage, expression of viral capsid proteins cannot be detected. As the cells differentiate and migrate toward the outer layers'of the papilloma, substantially higher copy numbers and assembled virions can be detected (Stoler et al. 1990; Dollard et al. 1992; Meyers et al. 1992). The basis for all papillomavirus replication systems originates in the early observation that BPV can transform mouse cells in culture and that in the transformed cells, the viral DNA replicates as a plasmid with a modest copy number (Dvoretsky et al.
Molecular Detection and Seroprevalence of Babesia microti among Stock Farmers in Khutul City, Selenge Province, Mongolia

Babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease in humans worldwide; however, little is known about the frequency of infection or prevalence of this disease in other parts of the world, excluding North America. In this study, we aimed to investigate Babesia microti infection frequency in a human population in Mongolia. One hundred blood samples were collected from stock farmers living in Khutul city of Selenge province, Mongolia. The sera and DNA from blood samples were evaluated for the presence of B. microti infection by using indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests and PCR. The positive detection rates obtained using the IFA tests and PCR assays were 7% and 3%, respectively. This study is the first to detect of B. microti infections based on antibody seroprevalence or PCR assays for the presence of B. microti DNA in a Mongolian population.
Undergraduate Student Change in Cultural Competence: Impact of a Multicultural Psychology Course

Students enrolled in a semester-long undergraduate multicultural psychology course. The course had explicit objectives tied to changing awareness, knowledge, and skills. Students completed self-report measures in the first week of the course and the second to last week of the course to encourage self-reflection regarding change across the semester. We found significant within-subject effects for time (pre, post; Wilks’ &Lgr; = .51; F(10, 58) = 5.56, p = < . 001, &eegr;p2 = . 49), and significant between-subjects effects for ethnicity (Wilks’ &Lgr; = .70; F(10, 58) = 2.27, p = . 015, &eegr;p2 = . 30) and course year (Wilks’ &Lgr; = .46; F(10, 58) = 6.77, p = < . 001, &eegr;p2 = . 54) but not for gender. There were also significant interaction effects of course year and time (Prepost × Course Year; Wilks’ &Lgr; = .61; F(10, 58) = 3.70, p = . 001, &eegr;p2 = . 39). Findings suggest that key aspects of multicultural competence, namely ethnocultural empathy, colorblind racial attitudes, and multicultural experiences can and do change over the course of a semester-long class.
Application of model-based spectral analysis to wind-profiler radar observations

Abstract. A classical way to reduce a radar’s data is to compute the spectrum using FFT and then to identify the different peak contributions. But in case an overlapping between the different echoes (atmospheric echo, clutter, hydrometeor echo. . . ) exists, Fourier-like techniques provide poor frequency resolution and then sophisticated peak-identification may not be able to detect the different echoes. In order to improve the number of reduced data and their quality relative to Fourier spectrum analysis, three different methods are presented in this paper and applied to actual data. Their approach consists of predicting the main frequency-components, which avoids the development of very sophisticated peak-identification algorithms. The first method is based on cepstrum properties generally used to determine the shift between two close identical echoes. We will see in this paper that this method cannot provide a better estimate than Fourier-like techniques in an operational use. The second method consists of an autoregressive estimation of the spectrum. Since the tests were promising, this method was applied to reduce the radar data obtained during two thunder-storms. The autoregressive method, which is very simple to implement, improved the Doppler-frequency data reduction relative to the FFT spectrum analysis. The third method exploits a MUSIC algorithm, one of the numerous subspace-based methods, which is well adapted to estimate spectra composed of pure lines. A statistical study of performances of this method is presented, and points out the very good resolution of this estimator in comparison with Fourier-like techniques. Application to actual data confirms the good qualities of this estimator for reducing radar’s data. Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (tropical meteorology)- Radio science (signal processing)- General (techniques applicable in three or more fields)
Hybrid Optical Switching for Data Center Networks

Current data centers networks rely on electronic switching and point-to-point interconnects. When considering future data center requirements, these solutions will raise issues in terms of flexibility, scalability, performance, and energy consumption. For this reason several optical switched interconnects, which make use of optical switches and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), have been recently proposed. However, the solutions proposed so far suffer from low flexibility and are not able to provide service differentiation. In this paper we introduce a novel data center network based on hybrid optical switching (HOS). HOS combines optical circuit, burst, and packet switching on the same network. In this way different data center applications can be mapped to the optical transport mechanism that best suits their traffic characteristics. Furthermore, the proposed HOS network achieves high transmission efficiency and reduced energy consumption by using two parallel optical switches. We consider the architectures of both a traditional data center network and the proposed HOS network and present a combined analytical and simulation approach for their performance and energy consumption evaluation. We demonstrate that the proposed HOS data center network achieves high performance and flexibility while considerably reducing the energy consumption of current solutions.
Hypertext Classification Diploma Thesis Hervé Utard

Web Directories have been historically collected and updated by hand but this method is unsatisfactory for three reasons: A team of Web Surfers maintaining such a database should face the gigantism of the World network. Its size would thus be incompatible with the economic constraints of startups. Even the biggest team would not be able to trace all the changes on the Web and to keep the database up to date. Furthermore, categorization is a highly subjective task. Manual categorization is not a synonym for good categorization. However, automating the categorization of documents is a difficult task in the Web environment. The diversity of languages, topics and authorships prevents the traditional classification algorithms to work optimally. Fortunately, the internal HTML structure of the Web pages and the hyperlink graph structure of the Web are new sources of information that can be explored to improve automated Web page classification. In this diploma thesis, we carry on the work of Fürnkranz [8] about hypertext categorization. We investigate different classification techniques for categorizing hypertext documents. We target information rich text areas of the page and of its neighbors and we compare different methods for having those various features optimally help together for improved classification. We evaluate the heavy points and the weaknesses of the Hyperlink Ensembles and Meta Predecessor approaches. We explain how to choose a binarization algorithm between Round Robin and One Against All according to the behavior awaited. We compare two solutions for bringing features mined on different locations together, namely Tagging and Merging and we finally propose a model of hypertext classifier which combines the best characteristics of the methods we study. Our main result is a model of hyperlink based classifier that outperforms a text only classifier by almost 25% for the WebKB dataset.
Effects of neonatal hypoglycaemia on the nervous system: a pathological study.

Irreversible pathological changes in the central nervous system due to prolonged hypoglycaemia have been described many times in adults (see Lawrence, Meyer, and Nevin, 1942). It is less well known that hypoglycaemia can occur in the neonatal period and that it may be a cause of brain damage at that time. In full-term and premature babies the normal blood glucose concentration during the first few days of extrauterine life is in the range of 30 to 60 mg. /100 ml. ; blood glucose levels of less than 20 mg. /100 ml. are regarded as abnormal. The first account of infants with abnormal clinical signs attributable to hypoglycaemia was probably that of Hartmann and Jaudon (1937). The importance of the condition was not appreciated until 1959 when Comblath, Odell, and Levin described eight newborn babies with symptoms due to severe hypoglycaemia, two ofwhom became spastic and mentally retarded. The eight infants were underweight for their gestational age and had been born to nondiabetic women. Further clinical reports have confirmed that prolonged hypoglycaemia in the neonatal period may lead to death or to survival with mental deficiency and cerebral palsy unless adequate treatment is given (Brown and Wallis, 1963; Comblath, Wybregt, Baens, and Klein, 1964; Haworth and McRae, 1965). It has also been established that the infants most liable to develop serious hypoglycaemia are those born with poor liver carbohydrate stores, that is, the very premature and those that are underweight because of intrauterine malnutrition (Shelley and Neligan, 1966). To our knowledge there have been no accounts of the pathological findings in acute or chronic brain damage due to neonatal hypoglycaemia, apart from a preliminary report of our cases 1 and 2 (Anderson, Milner, and Strich, 1966). We now present the clinical histories and pathological findings in six patients, three in whom hypoglycaemia was regarded as the major cause of death and three who died of other causes after the hypoglycaemia had been successfully treated.
Evaluating multi-query sessions

The standard system-based evaluation paradigm has focused on assessing the performance of retrieval systems in serving the best results for a single query. Real users, however, often begin an interaction with a search engine with a sufficiently under-specified query that they will need to reformulate before they find what they are looking for. In this work we consider the problem of evaluating retrieval systems over test collections of multi-query sessions. We propose two families of measures: a model-free family that makes no assumption about the user's behavior over a session, and a model-based family with a simple model of user interactions over the session. In both cases we generalize traditional evaluation metrics such as average precision to multi-query session evaluation. We demonstrate the behavior of the proposed metrics by using the new TREC 2010 Session track collection and simulations over the TREC-9 Query track collection.
Young people as global citizens: negotiation of youth civic participation in adult-managed online spaces

ABSTRACT With the proliferation of new media technologies, online spaces for civic engagement are being used as new sites by the young people for enacting global citizenship. Some of these online civic spaces are managed by parent organizations and guide the participants towards accomplishing goals that align with the institutional policies. We use Stuart Hall’s theoretical framework to ground the two methods we used for empirical research- textual analysis of the selected online spaces and in-depth interviews with young bloggers. Our analysis shows how negotiated reading of the encoded messages on the online platforms for youth civic engagement marks a political moment of signification in which there lies a possibility of challenging the dominance of the adult centered notions of civic engagement. Shelat’s online civic culture framework [2014. “Citizens, Global Civic Engagement on Online Platforms: Women as Transcultural Citizens. ” Dissertation] helped us examine how these managed platforms encode global citizenship with pre-designed participatory practices that reinforce the hegemonic definition of youth political participation. Interviews of young bloggers on two online global spaces foreground the process of negotiation with the dominant definitions and the use of decoding strategies to create scope for subjective, more local definitions, as well as practices of civic engagement and global citizenship. Though literature suggests that adult-management of online youth spaces perpetuate a gap between the adult-centric notions of participation and the youth oriented ideas of civic engagement, our study reveals that the young participants find ways of articulating their ideas and enter these spaces with plans on how to fulfill their civic goals.
Differences in the Structure of the Gut Bacteria Communities in Development Stages of the Chinese White Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus armandi)

The Chinese white pine beetle Dendroctonus armandi Tsai and Li, is arguably the most destructive forest insect in the Qinling Mountains in Northern China. Little is known about the structure of the bacterial communities associated with D. armandi even though this wood-boring insect plays important roles in ecosystem and biological invasion processes that result in huge economic losses in pine forests. The aim of this study was to investigate the composition of the bacterial communities present in the guts of D. armandi at different developmental stages using a culture-independent method involving PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments of bacteria from the guts of larvae, pupae, and male and female adults revealed bacterial communities of low complexity that differed according to the developmental stage. Citrobacter spp. and Pantoea spp. predominated in larvae and adults, whereas Methylobacterium was the dominant genus at the pupal stage. The main difference between the guts of male and female adults was the greater dominance of Citrobacter in females. Previous studies suggest that the bacterial community associated with D. armandi guts may influence insect development. The data obtained in this study regarding the phylogenetic relationships and the community structure of intestinal bacteria at different developmental stages of the D. armandi life cycle contribute to our understanding of D. armandi and could aid the development of new pest control strategies.
Demonstration and quantification of the redistribution and oxidation of carbon monoxide in the human body by tracer analysis

Numerous studies have confirmed the role of endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) gas as a signal transmitter. However, CO is considered an intracellular transmitter, as no studies have demonstrated the redistribution of CO from the blood to tissue cells. Tracer analyses of 13 CO 2 production following 13 CO gas inhalation demonstrated that CO is oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the body and that CO oxidation does not occur in the circulation. However, these results could not clearly demonstrate the redistribution of CO, because oxidation may have occurred in the airway epithelium. The objective of this study, therefore, was to definitively demonstrate and quantify the redistribution and oxidation of CO using time-course analyses of CO and 13 CO 2 production following 13 CO-hemoglobin infusion. The subject was infused with 0.45 L of 13 CO-saturated autologous blood. Exhaled gas was collected intermittently for 36 hours for measurement of minute volumes of CO/CO 2 exhalation and determination of the 13 CO 2 / 12 CO 2 ratio. 13 CO 2 production significantly increased from 3 to 28 hours, peaking at 8 hours. Of the infused CO, 81% was exhaled as CO and 2.6% as 13 CO 2 . Identical time courses of 13 CO 2 production following 13 CO-hemoglobin infusion and 13 CO inhalation refute the hypothesis that CO is oxidized in the airway epithelium and clearly demonstrate the redistribution of CO from the blood to the tissues. Quantitative analyses have revealed that 19% of CO in the circulating blood is redistributed to tissue cells, whereas 2.6% is oxidized there. Overall, these results suggest that CO functions as a systemic signal transmitter.
Tumour Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor and Phosphorylated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression Are Additive Prognostic Markers for Prostate Cancer

Background In cultured prostate cancer cells, down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in mediating the antiproliferative effect of the endogenous cannabinoid (CB) ligand anandamide. Using a well-characterised cohort of prostate cancer patients, we have previously reported that expression levels of phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR-IR) and CB1 receptor (CB1IR) in tumour tissue at diagnosis are markers of disease-specific survival, but it is not known whether the two markers interact in terms of their influence on disease severity at diagnosis and disease outcome. Methodology/Principal Findings Data from a cohort of 419 patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer at transurethral resection for voiding difficulties was used. Scores for both tumour CB1IR and pEGFR-IR were available in the database. Of these, 235 had been followed by expectancy until the appearance of metastases. For patients scored for both parameters, Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses using optimal cut-off scores indicated that the two measures provided additional diagnostic information not only to each other, but to that provided by the tumour stage and the Gleason score. When the cases were divided into subgroups on the basis of these cut-off scores, the patients with both CB1IR and pEGFR-IR scores above their cut-off had a poorer disease-specific survival and showed a more severe pathology at diagnosis than patients with high pEGFR-IR scores but with CB1IR scores below the cut-off. Conclusions/Significance These data indicate that a high tumour CB1 receptor expression at diagnosis augments the deleterious effects of a high pEGFR expression upon disease-specific survival.
Comparative of HS SPME and HD techniques in Citrus aurantium L.

Aerial parts of Citrus aurantium L. were subjected to headspace (HS) and hydro-distillation (HD) techniques after drying, and then headspace volatiles and the essential oil were analyzed by GC/MS. Results of GC/MS analysis led to identification seventeen (99.8%) and sixteen (99.9%) constituents in samples extracted by HS methods in leaf and flower, respectively. (E)-β-ocimene (2.5%), Linalool (47.5%), Linalyl acetate (44.0%) and β-Pinene (3.3%), Limonene (3.8%), Linalool (60.25%), Linalyl acetate (25.8%) were identified as major comp onents of essential oil extracted by headspace components SPME techniques in leaf and flower, respectively, and important constituens of HD in leaf and flower were Linalool (48.7%), Linalyl acetate (18.8%), α-terpineol (21.6%), Nerol (3.4%), Geranyl acetate (3.5%) and Benzene acetaldehyde (14.2%), Linalool (17.7%), Phenyl ethyl alc ohol (8.0%), α-Terpineol (5.6%), Indole (23.3%), Carvacrol (3.4%), Anthranilate (14.4%), Coumarin (13.4%). Twenty-two compounds (99.8%) in leaf and eight constituents (99.9%) in sample of flower were identified by hydro-distillation (HD) techniques. The Headspace Tech- nique is a new, rapid, simple and eco-friendly method for essential oil analysis of aromatic plants .
Absolute and convective instabilities of heated coaxial jet flow

This study investigates the inviscid, linear spatio-temporal stability of heated, compressible, and incompressible coaxial jet flows. The influence of the temperature ratio and the velocity ratio between the core jet and the bypass stream on the transition from convectively to absolutely unstable flows is studied numerically. The investigation shows that for coaxial jets, absolute instability can occur for considerably lower core-stream temperatures than for single jets. The reason for this modified stability character is the appearance of an additional unstable mode as a result of the outer velocity shear layer between the bypass stream and the ambient flow. The presence of two shear layers enables the interaction between otherwise free waves to give rise to new instabilities. When the bypass-stream velocity is increased, the classical absolute mode known from single jets (inner mode) is first stabilized and then destabilized for high bypass-stream velocities, whereas the outer mode reaches maximum spatio-temporal growth rates when the core-stream velocity is approximately equal to twice the bypass-stream velocity. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the spatio-temporal character of the modes is very sensitive to the shear-layer thickness and to the distance separating the two layers. Increasing the Mach number strongly dampens the onset of an absolute instability for both modes.
Regulatory Focus in Predictions About Others

Based on social projection research, four studies investigated whether people rely on their own regulatory focus when making predictions about others. Chronic (Study 1) and induced (Study 2) regulatory focus shaped estimations of others’ strategic promotion or prevention inclinations and choices between enriched (fitting promotion) and impoverished options (fitting prevention). Providing indirect process evidence via boundary conditions, participants only relied on their induced regulatory focus in predictions of others’ inclinations to seek romantic alternatives to the extent that this did not run counter to stereotypic gender beliefs (Study 3). In addition, participants only relied on their induced regulatory focus in preference predictions concerning promotion and prevention products when they lacked idiosyncratic target knowledge (Study 4). These effects were not mediated by mood, judgment-certainty, perceived task-enjoyment, or task-difficulty. Implications of these findings for social projection research as well as possible interpersonal consequences are delineated.