Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary supplementation with a combination of plant oils on performance, meat quality and fatty acid deposition of broilers

Objective This study was to evaluate effects of mixed plant oils (identified as mixed oil 1 [MO1] and mixed oil 2 [MO2]) on performance, serum composition, viscera percentages, meat quality, and fatty acid deposition of broilers. Methods A total of 126 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks (weighing 44.91± 0.92 g) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatments with 7 replicate pens per treatment (6 broilers per pen). Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 3% soybean oil (CTR), basal diet with 3% MO1 (a mixture of 15% corn oil, 10% coconut oil, 15% linseed oil, 20% palm oil, 15% peanut oil and 25% soybean oil; MO1), or basal diet with 3% MO2 (a combination of 50% MO1 and 50% extruded corn; MO2). The trial consisted of phase 1 (d 1 to 21) and phase 2 (d 22 to 42). Results Compared to CTR, broilers fed MO (MO1 or MO2) had greater (p<0.05) average daily gain in phase 1, 2, and overall (d 1 to 42), redness in thigh muscle, concentrations of serum glucose, serum albumin, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio in breast muscle, while these broilers also showed lower (p≤0.05) drip loss and concentrations of C18:3n-3 and PUFA/SFA ratio in breast muscle. Broilers fed MO2 had higher (p<0.05) liver percentage, while broilers fed MO1 had lower (p≤0.05) feed conversion ratio in phase 1 and increased (p<0.05) contents of C18:2n-6, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, and n-3 PUFA in breast muscle compared to CTR. Conclusion Mixed plant oils had positive effects on performance, serum parameters, meat quality, liver percentage and fatty acid deposition in broilers, which indicates they can be used as better dietary energy feedstocks than soybean oil alone.
A simple theory of the anomalous hall effect in semiconductors

The anomalous Hall effect in a two band semiconductor is treated by an elementary theory based on the use of an effective Hamiltonian in the conduction band. Simple equations of motion for the position and momentum provide an obvious interpretation of the results. The theory is worked out for arbitrary frequency and d.c. magnetic field, and for a spin magnetization which is either stationary or resonant. The physical nature of the various terms that contribute to the anomalous current is discussed in detail, and it is compared to the various existing models (most of which prove to be incomplete).
The Utilization of Recycled Newspaper in the Production of Cellulose Microfiber

Cellulose microfibers (CMF) were produced by utilizing recycled newspaper paper (RNP) as starting material. This approach is considered as green since recycling newspaper leads to the environment preservation and also cost-effective. The effect on the structural properties of cellulose produced at different stage of pretreatment were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR and SEM demonstrate that the hemicellulose and lignin was successfully removed from the structure of the CMF. XRD and TGA results revealed that the different step of pretreatment was increased the crystallinity and thermal stability of CMF increased gradually. The improvement in CMF crystallinity has improved its thermal properties which is important in the field of reinforcement material.
Labor Unions and Unequal Representation

Recent research has documented that lawmakers are more responsive to the views of the affluent than to the less well-off. This raises the important question of whether there are institutions that can limit unequal representation. We argue that labor unions play this role and we provide evidence from the contemporary U.S. House of Representatives. Our extensive dataset combines a novel measure of district-level union strength, drawn from 350,000 administrative records, with income-specific measures of constituency preferences based on 223,000 survey respondents matched to 27 roll-call votes. Exploiting within-district variation in preference polarization, within-state variation in union strength and rich data on confounds, our analysis rules out a host of alternative explanations. In contrast to the view that unions have become too weak or fragmented to matter, they significantly dampen unequal responsiveness: a standard deviation increase in union membership increases legislative responsiveness towards the poor by about 9 percentage points.
The Conversation: Deep Audio-Visual Speech Enhancement

Our goal is to isolate individual speakers from multi-talker simultaneous speech in videos. Existing works in this area have focussed on trying to separate utterances from known speakers in controlled environments. In this paper, we propose a deep audio-visual speech enhancement network that is able to separate a speaker's voice given lip regions in the corresponding video, by predicting both the magnitude and the phase of the target signal. The method is applicable to speakers unheard and unseen during training, and for unconstrained environments. We demonstrate strong quantitative and qualitative results, isolating extremely challenging real-world examples.
Generating Clues for Gender based Occupation De-biasing in Text

Vast availability of text data has enabled widespread training and use of AI systems that not only learn and predict attributes from the text but also generate text automatically. However, these AI models also learn gender, racial and ethnic biases present in the training data. In this paper, we present the first system that discovers the possibility that a given text portrays a gender stereotype associated with an occupation. If the possibility exists, the system offers counter-evidences of opposite gender also being associated with the same occupation in the context of user-provided geography and timespan. The system thus enables text de-biasing by assisting a human-in-the-loop. The system can not only act as a text pre-processor before training any AI model but also help human story writers write stories free of occupation-level gender bias in the geographical and temporal context of their choice.
Ef fi cacy of pectoral nerve block versus thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia after radical mastectomy : a randomized controlled trial †

Background: Pectoral nerve (PecS) block is a recently introduced technique for providing surgical anaesthesia andpostoperative analgesia during breast surgery. The present studywas planned to compare the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided PecS II block with thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for postoperative analgesia after modified radical mastectomy. Methods: Forty adult female patients undergoing radical mastectomy were randomly allocated into two groups. Group 1 patients received a TPVB with ropivacaine 0.5%, 25 ml, whereas Group 2 patents received a PecS II block using same volume of ropivacaine 0.5% before induction of anaesthesia. Patient-controlled morphine analgesia was used for postoperative pain relief. Results: The duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged in patients receiving the PecS II block compared with TPVB [mean (), 294.5 (52.76) vs 197.5 (31.35) min in the PecS II and TPVB group, respectively; P<0.0001]. The 24 h morphine consumption was also less in the PecS II block group [mean (), 3.90 (0.79) vs 5.30 (0.98) mg in PecS II and TPVB group, respectively; P<0.0001]. Postoperative pain scoreswere lower in the PecS II group comparedwith the TVPB group in the initial 2 h after surgery [median (IQR), 2 (2–2.5) vs 4 (3–4) in the Pecs II and TPVB group, respectively; P<0.0001]. Seventeen patients in the PecS II block group had T2 dermatomal spread compared with four patients in the TPVB group (P<0.001). No block-related complication was recorded. Conclusions: We found that the PecS II block provided superior postoperative analgesia than the TPVB in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy without causing any adverse effect. Clinical trial registration: CTRI/2014/06/004692.
Effects of Edible Coatings on Quality Maintenance of Fresh-cut Nectarines

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of edible coatings, alone or in conjunction, on overall postharvest quality of fresh-cut Orion nectarine under fresh-cut commercial storage conditions. Three different coatings were used: 2% acid-soluble chitosan, 1.5% sodium alginate and a solution with 1.5% chitosan and 1% sodium alginate. Fresh-cut nectarine slices firmness, color, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and polyphenol oxidase activity were measured. Also microorganism counts of yeasts and moulds were analized. The results indicated that treatments with alginate inhibited decrease in firmness, titratable acidity and delayed browning. Chitosan coating reduced microorganism counts of yeasts and moulds compared to control treatment. Furthermore alginate inhibited the activities of PPO throughout the storage period. Our study suggests that alginate coating treatment may be a promising method of maintaining fresh-cut nectarines quality and extending their postharvest life.
In Vitro Dermal Safety Assessment of Silver Nanowires after Acute Exposure: Tissue vs. Cell Models

Silver nanowires (AgNW) are attractive materials that are anticipated to be incorporated into numerous consumer products such as textiles, touchscreen display, and medical devices that could be in direct contact with skin. There are very few studies on the cellular toxicity of AgNW and no studies that have specifically evaluated the potential toxicity from dermal exposure. To address this question, we investigated the dermal toxicity after acute exposure of polymer-coated AgNW with two sizes using two models, human primary keratinocytes and human reconstructed epidermis. In keratinocytes, AgNW are rapidly and massively internalized inside cells leading to dose-dependent cytotoxicity that was not due to Ag+ release. Analysing our data with different dose metrics, we propose that the number of NW is the most appropriate dose-metric for studies of AgNW toxicity. In reconstructed epidermis, the results of a standard in vitro skin irritation assay classified AgNW as non-irritant to skin and we found no evidence of penetration into the deeper layer of the epidermis. The findings show that healthy and intact epidermis provides an effective barrier for AgNW, although the study does not address potential transport through follicles or injured skin. The combined cell and tissue model approach used here is likely to provide an important methodology for assessing the risks for skin exposure to AgNW from consumer products.
Work‐Related Musculoskeletal disorders among Greek Physiotherapists

Work-Related Musculoskeletal disorders among Greek Physiotherapists Maria Tsekoura* MSc, PhD (cand), Alexandros Kastrinis MSc, CMP, Eleni Nomikou MSc, NDT, Euaggelia Kentrou MSc & Zacharias Dimitriadis MSc, PhD Technological Institute of Western Greece, School of Health and Welfare, Department of Physical Therapy, Egio, Greece Physiotherapist and independent researcher, Athens, Greece Technological Institute of Athens, School of Health and Welfare, Department of Physical Therapy, Athens, Greece
Effects of psycho-education plus basic cognitive behavioural therapy strategies on medication-treated adolescents with depressive disorder in Nigeria

Objective: Limited data exists on psychological interventions for adolescent depression in African countries such as Nigeria. This study therefore investigates the effects of a psychological intervention that includes psycho-education and basic elements of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) on depressed medication-treated adolescents in Nigeria. Methodology: This was a pre-post one-group intervention study of 18 adolescents aged 13–18 years with clinically diagnosed depressive disorder, attending a specialist psychiatric hospital. They had been on antidepressants for 3 months or longer. Depressive symptoms, knowledge of depression, hope, and attitudes towards treatment adherence were measured at baseline and repeated at 1 and 4 weeks post-intervention. The adolescents received four sessions of a group-based manualised intervention focused on psycho-education and basic CBT strategies. Results: Statistically significant reductions in depressive symptoms were recorded, as were improvements in the adolescents’ knowledge of depression, hope, and attitude towards treatment adherence one week after the intervention (all p = 0.001). All differences were sustained at 4 weeks post-intervention. Participants’ satisfaction with the intervention was high. Conclusion: This study suggests that adding psycho-education with elements of CBT to antidepressant treatment is feasible, acceptable and can produce further benefits to depressed adolescents in this region.
Gadolinium-based Contrast Media, Cerebrospinal Fluid and the Glymphatic System: Possible Mechanisms for the Deposition of Gadolinium in the Brain

After Kanda’s first report in 2014 on gadolinium (Gd) deposition in brain tissue, a considerable number of studies have investigated the explanation for the observation. Gd deposition in brain tissue after repeated administration of gadolinium-based contrast medium (GBCM) has been histologically proven, and chelate stability has been shown to affect the deposition. However, the mechanism for this deposition has not been fully elucidated. Recently, a hypothesis was introduced that involves the ‘glymphatic system’, which is a coined word that combines ‘gl’ for glia cell and ‘lymphatic’ system. According to this hypothesis, the perivascular space functions as a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid to flow into the brain parenchyma. The perivascular space around the arteries allows cerebrospinal fluid to enter the interstitial space of the brain tissue through water channels controlled by aquaporin 4. The cerebrospinal fluid entering the interstitial space clears waste proteins from the tissue. It then flows into the perivascular space around the vein and is discharged outside the brain. In addition to the hypothesis regarding the glymphatic system, some reports have described that after GBCM administration, some of the GBCM distributes through systemic blood circulation and remains in other compartments including the cerebrospinal fluid. It is thought that the GBCM distributed into the cerebrospinal fluid cavity via the glymphatic system may remain in brain tissue for a longer duration compared to the GBCM in systemic circulation. Glymphatic system may of course act as a clearance system for GBCM from brain tissue. Based on these findings, the mechanism for Gd deposition in the brain will be discussed in this review. The authors speculate that the glymphatic system may be the major contributory factor to the deposition and clearance of gadolinium in brain tissue.
Comparison of methods to estimate haemodialysis urea clearance

Introduction: Dialysis adequacy is traditionally measured by monthly blood urea sampling and calculating sessional Kt/Vurea. Modern dialysis machines can estimate clearances each session, so we wished to compare online measurements with standard Kt/Vurea. Methods: Urea clearance was estimated by intermittent changes in effective ionic dialysance and by continuous ultraviolet light absorption spent during the mid-week dialysis session. Total body water was calculated by the Watson equation and measured by multifrequency bioimpedance. Results: We compared Kt/Vurea measurements in 162 patients with online assessments: 38 by ultraviolet absorption and 124 by effective ionic dialysance (50 Fresenius 4008 and 74 Fresenius 5008). All online measurements overestimated single-pool Kt/Vurea (ultraviolet absorption mean bias 0.25 ± 0.24, effective ionic dialysance 4008H 0.25 ± 0.21 and 5008H 0.20 ± 0.25; p < 0.001). However, there was no difference between dual-pool Kt/V and ultraviolet absorbance (1.28 ± 0.26 vs 1.29 ± 0.27) or by effective ionic dialysance with the 4008 (1.40 ± 0.26 vs 1.46 ± 0.33), although the effective ionic dialysance 5008 overestimated clearance (1.39 ± 0.27 vs 1.31 ± 0.22; p < 0.01). Similarly, with dual-pool Kt/Vurea, the mean bias for ultraviolet absorption was 0.08 ± 0.35, for effective ionic dialysance (EID) 4008 was 0.13 ± 0.55 and for EID 5008 was −0.2 ± 0.36. Hence, the mean bias was greater with the EID 5008 compared to ultraviolet absorption (0.08 ± 0.35 vs −0.2 ± 0.36 vs p < 0.01). Conclusions: Online measurements allow dialysis adequacy to be measured every session. We found that although online clearances overestimated single-pool Kt/Vurea measurements, there were no significant differences between the continuous ultraviolet light absorbance method and intermittent effective ionic dialysance.
The Choreography of Group Affiliation

Abstract When two people move in synchrony, they become more social. Yet it is not clear how this effect scales up to larger numbers of people. Does a group need to move in unison to affiliate, in what we term unitary synchrony; or does affiliation arise from distributed coordination, patterns of coupled movements between individual members of a group? We developed choreographic tasks that manipulated movement synchrony without explicitly instructing groups to move in unison. Wrist accelerometers measured group movement dynamics and we applied cross‐recurrence analysis to distinguish the temporal features of emergent unitary synchrony (simultaneous movement) and distributed coordination (coupled movement). Participants’ unitary synchrony did not predict pro‐social behavior, but their distributed coordination predicted how much they liked each other, how they felt toward their group, and how much they conformed to each other's opinions. The choreography of affiliation arises from distributed coordination of group movement dynamics.
Capsid-CPSF6 Interaction Is Dispensable for HIV-1 Replication in Primary Cells but Is Selected during Virus Passage In Vivo

ABSTRACT Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 6 (CPSF6), a host factor that interacts with the HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein, is implicated in diverse functions during the early part of the HIV-1 life cycle, including uncoating, nuclear entry, and integration targeting. Preservation of CA binding to CPSF6 in vivo suggests that this interaction is fine-tuned for efficient HIV-1 replication in physiologically relevant settings. Nevertheless, this possibility has not been formally examined. To assess the requirement for optimal CPSF6-CA binding during infection of primary cells and in vivo, we utilized a novel CA mutation, A77V, that significantly reduced CA binding to CPSF6. The A77V mutation rendered HIV-1 largely independent from TNPO3, NUP358, and NUP153 for infection and altered the integration site preference of HIV-1 without any discernible effects during the late steps of the virus life cycle. Surprisingly, the A77V mutant virus maintained the ability to replicate in monocyte-derived macrophages, primary CD4+ T cells, and humanized mice at a level comparable to that for the wild-type (WT) virus. Nonetheless, revertant viruses that restored the WT CA sequence and hence CA binding to CPSF6 emerged in three out of four A77V-infected animals. These results suggest that the optimal interaction of CA with CPSF6, though not absolutely essential for HIV-1 replication in physiologically relevant settings, confers a significant fitness advantage to the virus and thus is strictly conserved among naturally circulating HIV-1 strains. IMPORTANCE CPSF6 interacts with the HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein and has been implicated in nuclear entry and integration targeting. Preservation of CPSF6-CA binding across various HIV-1 strains suggested that the optimal interaction between CA and CPSF6 is critical during HIV-1 replication in vivo. Here, we identified a novel HIV-1 capsid mutant that reduces binding to CPSF6, is largely independent from the known cofactors for nuclear entry, and alters integration site preference. Despite these changes, virus carrying this mutation replicated in humanized mice at levels indistinguishable from those of the wild-type virus. However, in the majority of the animals, the mutant virus reverted back to the wild-type sequence, hence restoring the wild-type level of CA-CPSF6 interactions. These results suggest that optimal binding of CA to CPSF6 is not absolutely essential for HIV-1 replication in vivo but provides a fitness advantage that leads to the widespread usage of CPSF6 by HIV-1 in vivo.
Decoration of nanocarbon solids with magnetite nanoparticles: towards microwave metamaterial absorbers

Three methods for decoration of nanocarbon solids (NcSs) with magnetite nanoparticles (MaNPs) were compared, namely covalent linkage, direct co-precipitation and solvothermal synthesis. The influence of each method on the obtained nanocomposites' most relevant characteristics was studied, such as chemical identity, size, loading rate and spatial distribution of the MaNPs over the NcS. The impact of the variables controlling the solvothermal decoration of a wide variety of NcSs was investigated in more detail, such as the nature of the iron precursor and the NcS (type and oxidation state), the reaction temperature, time and water content. Finally, the obtained nanocomposites' superparamagnetic MaNPs were found to induce a ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) phenomenon, imparting a natural or zero-field resonance around 4 GHz. It was also demonstrated that the amount of loaded MaNPs had an effect on the FMR absorption intensity as well as on the nanocomposites' electrical properties. The latter were also shown to be governed by the chosen NcS type. These features could easily be exploited as control mechanisms to construct highly effective microwave metamaterial absorbers possessing low incident microwave reflection and maximal absorption rates.
Characterizing the Epidemiology of Postoperative Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury

Background:Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related death in the United States; however, it remains poorly characterized in surgical populations. To better inform perioperative transfusion practice, and to help mitigate perioperative TRALI, the authors aimed to better define its epidemiology before and after TRALI mitigation strategies were introduced. Methods:This retrospective cohort study examined outcomes of adult patients undergoing noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia who received intraoperative transfusions during 2004 (n = 1,817) and 2011 (n = 1,562). The demographics and clinical characteristics of transfusion recipients, blood transfusion descriptors, and combined TRALI/possible TRALI incidence rates were evaluated. Univariate analyses were used to compare associations between patient characteristics, transfusion details, and TRALI mitigation strategies with TRALI/possible TRALI incidence rates in a before-and-after study design. Results:The incidence of TRALI/possible TRALI was 1.3% (23 of 1,613) in 2004 versus 1.4% (22 of 1,562) in 2011 (P = 0.72), with comparable overall rates in males versus females (1.4% [23 of 1,613] vs. 1.2% [22 of 1,766]) (P = 0.65). Overall, thoracic (3.0% [4 of 133]), vascular (2.7% [10 of 375]), and transplant surgeries (2.2% [4 of 178]) carried the highest rates of TRALI/possible TRALI. Obstetric and gynecologic surgical patients had no TRALI episodes. TRALI/possible TRALI incidence increased with larger volumes of blood product transfused (P < 0.001). Conclusions:Perioperative TRALI/possible TRALI is more common than previously reported and its risk increases with greater volumes of blood component therapies. No significant reduction in the combined incidence of TRALI/possible TRALI occurred between 2004 and 2011, despite the introduction of TRALI mitigation strategies. Future efforts to identify specific risk factors for TRALI/possible TRALI in surgical populations may reduce the burden of this life-threatening complication.