Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disadvantages, silences and thriving : the well-being of rural women in the upper east region of northern Ghana

The general aim of the study was to look into the well-being of rural women in two selected villages in Builsa District, Upper East Region. Whilst a lot of similar studies have focused on the challenges encountered by women in their highly patriarchal villages, there is a major gap in literature on how they thrived and on the contributions of the men towards their well-being. It is based on this premise that this study went beyond the challenges of the women to examine how they made use of the resources in their environment to enhance their well-being, the perceptions the men had on the well-being of the women and the roles played by the NGOs to this effect. Using the qualitative research method, 22 participants were selected for the study. This included 10 female and 10 male participants from each of the villages as well as 2 workers from the NGOs that operated in the villages. The theory used for the study was Flora and Flora’s (2013) Community Capitals Framework. The Findings indicate that factors such as marriage, associations, land, income, special skills in hair dressing and soap making, child birth contribute to life satisfaction and enhance the well-being of women. These were regardless of challenges such as the negative traditional rites of widowhood and witchcraft accusations, lack of formal education, financial constraints and the lack of power and access to reproductive resources. These emphasize the resilience of women and their ability to thrive regardless of their disadvantages and silences. NGOs, through their role in education, financial assistance, and entertainment can have a positive impact on the general wellbeing of the villagers as a whole. With regard to perceptions, almost all the men still held traditional views that women were meant for the kitchen, marriage, child birth, and needed no formal education. They also did not understand how their actions as men could negatively affect or were connected to the well-being of women. Hence, the need to actively involve them in efforts of promoting the well-being of women. The study revealed the ability of rural women to thrive under their unpleasant living conditions. As postulated by the theory, the findings also showed the presence of various capitals in the villages led to social well-being, a vital economy and a healthy ecosystem. However, the theory failed to capture factors such as the poor utilization and mismanagement of capitals and some of the negative human actions threatening social-well-being, a healthy ecosystem and a vital economy in the area. Acknowledgments I am grateful to God for his protection and strength that carried me throughout this research. To my supervisor, Prof Herold whose guidance through every step of the research made it a success, I say thank you. My sincere gratitude goes to all the participants for their warm reception, opening up and sharing their experiences with me.
Screening of Hallucinogenic Compounds and Genomic Characterisation of 40 Anatolian Salvia Species.

INTRODUCTION Salvia, an important and widely available member of Lamiaceae family. Although comparative analysis on secondary metabolites in several Salvia species from Turkey has been reported, their hallucinogenic chemicals have not been screened thoroughly. OBJECTIVE This study provides LC-MS/MS analysis of 40 Salvia species for screening their psychoactive constituents of salvinorin A and salvinorin B. 5S-rRNA gene non-coding region of Salvia plants was sequenced, aligned and compared with that sequence of Salvia divinorum plant. METHODOLOGY Targeted molecules of salvinorin A and salvinorin B were quantified, using LC-MS/MS, from all aerial parts of 40 Salvia species, collected from different parts of Turkey. Regions of 5S-rRNA gene from different species were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequences were aligned with Salvia divinorum DNA sequences. RESULTS Very few of the Salvia species (S. recognita, S. cryptantha and S. glutinosa) contained relatively high levels of salvinorin A (212.86 ± 20.46 μg/g, 51.50 ± 4.95 μg/g and 38.92 ± 3.74 μg/g, respectively). Salvinorin B was also found in Salvia species of S. potentillifolia, S. adenocaulon and S. cryptantha as 2351.99 ± 232.22 μg/g, 768.78 ± 75.90 μg/g and 402.24 ± 39.71 μg/g, respectively. The sequences of 5S-rRNA gene of 40 different Salvia species were presented and it was found that none of the Salvia species in Turkey had similar DNA sequence to Salvia divinorum plant. CONCLUSION This is the first report of screening 40 Salvia species in Turkey according to their psychoactive constituents, salvinorin A and salvinorin B and their genomic structures. It is possible that some of these Salvia species may exhibit some psycho activity. Thus, they need to be screened further. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinant of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intention : Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy

This study aims to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial education and sustainability orientation in influencing sustainable entrepreneurial intention by testing the mediating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in predicting sustainable entrepreneurial intention. This study used a quantitative approach with 306 UNNES and UNS economics education students’ years of 2020 and 2021 as samples. Data was obtained by distributing an online questionnaire (Google Form). Data was analyzed using the SEM-PLS technique. The analysis’s results show that there is a significant positive effect between entrepreneurial education and sustainability on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy can mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial education and sustainability orientation in terms of sustainable entrepreneurial intentions. The findings also confirm that sustainable entrepreneurial intention can be formed through the formation of cognition stimulated when students take entrepreneurial education and individual personalities, which can be reviewed from a sustainability orientation.
High-Flow Oxygen Administration by Nasal Cannula for Adult and Perinatal Patients

The nasal cannula has been a commonly used patient interface to provide supplemental oxygen since its introduction in the 1940s. Traditionally, it has been categorized as a low-flow device and capable of delivering a 0.4 FIO2 with flows up to 6 L/min to adults with normal minute ventilation. However, there is considerable performance variability among patients and design, which results in an exponential decline in delivered FIO2 as breathing frequencies increase. The nasal cannula has also been successfully adapted for use in perinatal and pediatric respiratory care; flows are reduced, in the range of 0.25–1 L/min, due to smaller minute volumes. A decade or so ago, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy was introduced, accompanied by heated humidification systems to prevent the associated drying of upper airway mucosa and to increase patient comfort. Therapeutic flows for adults were in the 15–40 L/min range; FIO2 could be independently adjusted with air/O2 blending. The HFNC has also found additional clinical application in perinatal care, as delivery systems with flows > 2 L/min could create a distending pressure similar to nasal CPAP. There is a small but growing body of information from clinical trials that supports use of HFNC as an alternative oxygen interface for adults who present with moderate hypoxemia that persists after receiving oxygen by reservoir-bag masks or similar therapy. Clinical observations report greater patient acceptance and comfort versus oxygen masks. HFNC therapy has also been considered valuable in perinatal care in treating the respiratory distress syndrome or supporting patients after extubation similar to nasal CPAP. At present, research-based evidence for the role of HFNC for its perinatal applications remains unclear. This review will identify proposed mechanisms for therapeutic effectiveness, current delivery equipment, guidelines for rational patient application, and direction for further research.
Analysis of Project-Based Blended Learning in Statistics Learning in Higher Education

The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of the application of Blended Learning which refers to the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model. Blended Learning and PjBL can be packaged as a learning model, namely Project-Based Blended Learning (PjB2L). The design of learning activities with the help of Bina Sarana Informatika University elearning online media (MyBest) is used to measure its impact on student learning outcomes in Statistics courses. The focus of this study describes two main things, namely the description of the application of statistics lectures with the PjB2L model and the results of statistical tests regarding differences in learning outcomes obtained. Quasi-experimental research was designed to measure the comparison of student learning outcomes in experimental classes (with the PjB2L model) and control classes (conventional/blended direct learning). The 100 students involved in this study were divided into two classes, namely the control class which included 50 students and the experimental class which involved 50 students. In addition, in the data analysis technique, analysis of covariance (ANACOVA) was used to compare the results of the control group and the experimental group, with the covariance variable being the pre-test result (initial knowledge). The results showed significant differences. The difference shown in this study leads to the support of better learning outcomes of the experimental group
Dendrites and Pits: Untangling the Complex Behavior of Lithium Metal Anodes through Operando Video Microscopy

Enabling ultra-high energy density rechargeable Li batteries would have widespread impact on society. However the critical challenges of Li metal anodes (most notably cycle life and safety) remain unsolved. This is attributed to the evolution of Li metal morphology during cycling, which leads to dendrite growth and surface pitting. Herein, we present a comprehensive understanding of the voltage variations observed during Li metal cycling, which is directly correlated to morphology evolution through the use of operando video microscopy. A custom-designed visualization cell was developed to enable operando synchronized observation of Li metal electrode morphology and electrochemical behavior during cycling. A mechanistic understanding of the complex behavior of these electrodes is gained through correlation with continuum-scale modeling, which provides insight into the dominant surface kinetics. This work provides a detailed explanation of (1) when dendrite nucleation occurs, (2) how those dendrites evolve as a function of time, (3) when surface pitting occurs during Li electrodissolution, (4) kinetic parameters that dictate overpotential as the electrode morphology evolves, and (5) how this understanding can be applied to evaluate electrode performance in a variety of electrolytes. The results provide detailed insight into the interplay between morphology and the dominant electrochemical processes occurring on the Li electrode surface through an improved understanding of changes in cell voltage, which represents a powerful new platform for analysis.
Participatory Militias: An Analysis of an Armed Movement's Online Audience

Armed groups of civilians known as "self-defense forces" have ousted the powerful Knights Templar drug cartel from several towns in Michoacán. This militia uprising has unfolded on social media, particularly in the "VXM" ("Valor por Michoacán," Spanish for "Courage for Michoacán") Facebook page, gathering more than 170,000 fans. Previous work on the Drug War has documented the use of social media for real-time reports of violent clashes. However, VXM goes one step further by taking on a pro-militia propagandist role, engaging in two-way communication with its audience. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of VXM and its audience. We examined nine months of posts, from VXM's inception until May 2014, totaling 6,000 posts by VXM administrators and more than 108,000 comments from its audience. We describe the main conversation themes, post frequency and relationships with offline events and public figures. We also characterize the behavior of VXM's most active audience members. Our work illustrates VXM's online mobilization strategies, and how its audience takes part in defining the narrative of this armed conflict. We conclude by discussing possible applications of our findings for the design of future communication technologies.
Effect of exogenous lactate on rat glioma metabolism

Glioma‐bearing rats were infused intravenously with a solution containing either [3‐13C]lactate or both glucose and [3‐13C]lactate for 20 min or 1 hr. Perchloric acid extracts of healthy and tumoral brain tissues were prepared and analyzed by 13C‐ and 1H‐observed 13C‐edited nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine 13C‐label incorporation into brain tissue and glioma metabolites. Moreover, 13C enrichments in blood lactate and glucose were determined from 1H‐NMR spectra. In the nontumoral tissue, 13C labeling of amino acids indicated that [3‐13C]lactate entered the brain and was metabolized. There was no labeling difference between the contralateral and the ipsilateral hemispheres. Lactate metabolism appeared more specifically neuronal, in agreement with our previous results obtained with normal rat brain (Bouzier et al. [ 2000 ] J. Neurochem. 75:480–486). In the glioma tissue, comparison of Ala C3, Glu C4, and Gln C4 labeling indicated that the contributions of blood glutamine and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to glutamate labeling were about 80% and 20%, respectively, after 1 hr of [3‐13C]lactate infusion. In contrast, these contributions were about 10% and 90%, respectively, when [1‐13C]glucose was infused in the absence of lactate. This indicated a major effect of the exogenous lactate on glioma metabolism, which may be due to the following process: The high blood lactate level might hinder the drain of glycolytic lactate produced inside the glioma and thus generate a change in redox potential such that the tumor cells are unable to restore it with oxidative phosphorylation. Thereafter, the high NADH level might inhibit glycolysis and the TCA cycle, and glutamine could become the major carbon source for glutamate labeling. J. Neurosci. Res. 65:543–548, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validation of Reference Genes in Solenopsis invicta in Different Developmental Stages, Castes and Tissues

To accurately assess gene expression levels, it is essential to normalize real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) data with suitable internal reference genes. For the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, reliable reference genes to assess the transcript expression levels of the target genes have not been previously investigated. In this study, we examined the expression levels of five candidate reference genes (rpl18, ef1-beta, act, GAPDH, and tbp) in different developmental stages, castes and tissues of S. invicta. To evaluate the suitability of these genes as endogenous controls, three software-based approaches (geNorm, BestKeeper and NormFinder) and one web-based comprehensive tool (RefFinder) were used to analyze and rank the tested genes. Furthermore, the optimal number of reference gene(s) was determined by the pairwise variation value. Our data showed that two of the five candidate genes, rpl18 and ef1-beta, were the most suitable reference genes because they have the most stable expression among different developmental stages, castes and tissues in S. invicta. Although widely used as reference gene in other species, in S. invicta the act gene has high variation in expression and was consequently excluded as a reliable reference gene. The two validated reference genes, rpl18 and ef1-beta, can be widely used for quantification of target gene expression with RT-qPCR technology in S. invicta.
Accurate SNP and mutation detection by targeted custom microarray-based genomic enrichment of short-fragment sequencing libraries

Microarray-based enrichment of selected genomic loci is a powerful method for genome complexity reduction for next-generation sequencing. Since the vast majority of exons in vertebrate genomes are smaller than 150 nt, we explored the use of short fragment libraries (85–110 bp) to achieve higher enrichment specificity by reducing carryover and adverse effects of flanking intronic sequences. High enrichment specificity (60–75%) was obtained with a relative even base coverage. Up to 98% of the target-sequence was covered more than 20× at an average coverage depth of about 200×. To verify the accuracy of SNP/mutation detection, we evaluated 384 known non-reference SNPs in the targeted regions. At ∼200× average sequence coverage, we were able to survey 96.4% of 1.69 Mb of genomic sequence with only 4.2% false negative calls, mostly due to low coverage. Using the same settings, a total of 1197 novel candidate variants were detected. Verification experiments revealed only eight false positive calls, indicating an overall false positive rate of less than 1 per ∼200 000 bp. Taken together, short fragment libraries provide highly efficient and flexible enrichment of exonic targets and yield relatively even base coverage, which facilitates accurate SNP and mutation detection. Raw sequencing data, alignment files and called SNPs have been submitted into GEO database http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih. gov/geo/ with accession number GSE18542.
Propionyl-L-Carnitine Enhances Wound Healing and Counteracts Microvascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction

Background Impaired wound healing represents a high cost for health care systems. Endothelial dysfunction characterizes dermal microangiopathy and contributes to delayed wound healing and chronic ulcers. Endothelial dysfunction impairs cutaneous microvascular blood flow by inducing an imbalance between vasorelaxation and vasoconstriction as a consequence of reduced nitric oxide (NO) production and the increase of oxidative stress and inflammation. Propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC) is a natural derivative of carnitine that has been reported to ameliorate post-ischemic blood flow recovery. Methods and Results We investigated the effects of PLC in rat skin flap and cutaneous wound healing. A daily oral PLC treatment improved skin flap viability and associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NO up-regulation, accelerated wound healing and increased capillary density, likely favoring dermal angiogenesis by up-regulation for iNOS, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF) and reduction of NADPH-oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression. In serum-deprived human dermal microvascular endothelial cell cultures, PLC ameliorated endothelial dysfunction by increasing iNOS, PlGF, VEGF receptors 1 and 2 expression and NO level. In addition, PLC counteracted serum deprivation-induced impairment of mitochondrial β-oxidation, Nox4 and cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) expression, ROS generation and leukocyte adhesion. Moreover, dermal microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction was prevented by Nox4 inhibition. Interestingly, inhibition of β-oxidation counteracted the beneficial effects of PLC on oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Conclusion PLC treatment improved rat skin flap viability, accelerated wound healing and dermal angiogenesis. The beneficial effects of PLC likely derived from improvement of mitochondrial β-oxidation and reduction of Nox4-mediated oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Antioxidant therapy and pharmacological targeting of endothelial dysfunction may represent a promising tool for the treatment of delayed wound healing or chronic ulcers.
The Role of Preceptorship and Group Cohesion on Newly Licensed Registered Nurses' Satisfaction and Intent to Stay.

BACKGROUND Thirteen percent of newly licensed registered nurses (NLRNs) vacate their first job after 1 year, and 37% report that they feel ready to change jobs. Turnover can lead to consistent and detrimental nursing shortages in nursing units, as well as increased costs for health care systems. METHOD A descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional design was used to understand how preceptor role effectiveness and group cohesion affect NLRNs' satisfaction and intent to stay. RESULTS NLRNs reported high levels of perceived preceptor role effectiveness, group cohesion, and job satisfaction, with only moderate levels of intent to stay. Statistically significant relationships were found among preceptor role effectiveness, job satisfaction, and intent to stay, as well as among group cohesion, job satisfaction, and intent to stay. Preceptor role effectiveness and group cohesion are predictors of NLRNs' level of job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is a predictor of NLRNs' intent to stay. CONCLUSION Effective preceptors and positive group cohesion are factors that are important to NLRNs' job satisfaction and intent to stay.
Effects of insecticide exposure on movement and population size estimates of predatory ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae).

BACKGROUND Estimates of arthropod population size may paradoxically increase following insecticide applications. Research with ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) suggests that such unusual results reflect increased arthropod movement and capture in traps rather than real changes in population size. However, it is unclear whether direct (hyperactivity) or indirect (prey-mediated) mechanisms produce increased movement. RESULTS Video tracking of Scarites quadriceps Chaudior indicated that brief exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin or tefluthrin increased total distance moved, maximum velocity and percentage of time moving. Repeated measurements on individual beetles indicated that movement decreased 240 min after initial lambda-cyhalothrin exposure, but increased again following a second exposure, suggesting hyperactivity could lead to increased trap captures in the field. Two field experiments in which ground beetles were collected after lambda-cyhalothrin or permethrin application attempted to detect increases in population size estimates as a result of hyperactivity. Field trials used mark-release-recapture methods in small plots and natural carabid populations in larger plots, but found no significant short-term (<6 day) increases in beetle trap captures. CONCLUSION The disagreement between laboratory and field results suggests mechanisms other than hyperactivity may better explain unusual changes in population size estimates. When traps are used as a primary sampling tool, unexpected population-level effects should be interpreted carefully or with additional data less influenced by arthropod activity.
Idelalisib for relapsed/refractory indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: an overview of pharmacokinetics and clinical trial outcomes

Indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (iNHL) describes a group of B-cell lymphomas with a long median survival and a relapsing–remitting clinical course. Although existing treatments are initially effective, patients often relapse, demonstrating decreasing efficacy with successive treatment courses. Alternative treatments are needed. PI3Kδ plays an essential, non-redundant role in B-cell receptor signaling critical to the pathogenesis of iNHL. It is expressed predominantly in hematopoietic cells, making PI3Kδ an attractive therapeutic target. Idelalisib is an oral PI3Kδ inhibitor approved in 2014 in the USA and the EU as monotherapy in relapsed follicular lymphoma or relapsed small lymphocytic lymphoma previously treated with two or more prior systemic therapies, or as part of combination therapy with rituximab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, for whom rituximab monotherapy would be considered appropriate due to the presence of comorbidities. Herein, we review the available data for idelalisib, with an emphasis on relapsed/refractory B-cell iNHL.