Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discrepancies between chronological age and personal age as a reflection of unrelieved worker stress

Abstract The general proposition that stress-related variables will be associated with discrepancies between chronological age and perceived personal age of working adults was examined. Responses from a field survey of day, afternoon, and night fixed-shift workers in a large manufacturing organization (n = 1674) were used to explore the relationships between a variety of reported stress-related variables and personal age constructs. Discrepancies between perceived personal age and chronological age were reported by a large proportion of the workers surveyed. Three categories of stress-related variables each accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in discrepancies. As hypothesized, the reported presence of stressors and the frequency/extent of strains (stress-related outcomes) were positively correlated with feeling older than one's chronological age. In addition, the reported presence of support mechanisms for coping with stressors was negatively correlated with feeling older than one's chr.
Production of Hydrogen Gas from Light and the Inorganic Electron Donor Thiosulfate by Rhodopseudomonas palustris

ABSTRACT A challenge for photobiological production of hydrogen gas (H2) as a potential biofuel is to find suitable electron-donating feedstocks. Here, we examined the inorganic compound thiosulfate as a possible electron donor for nitrogenase-catalyzed H2 production by the purple nonsulfur phototrophic bacterium (PNSB) Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Thiosulfate is an intermediate of microbial sulfur metabolism in nature and is also generated in industrial processes. We found that R. palustris grew photoautotrophically with thiosulfate and bicarbonate and produced H2 when nitrogen gas was the sole nitrogen source (nitrogen-fixing conditions). In addition, illuminated nongrowing R. palustris cells converted about 80% of available electrons from thiosulfate to H2. H2 production with acetate and succinate as electron donors was less efficient (40 to 60%), partly because nongrowing cells excreted the intermediary metabolite α-ketoglutarate into the culture medium. The fixABCX operon (RPA4602 to RPA4605) encoding a predicted electron-transfer complex is necessary for growth using thiosulfate under nitrogen-fixing conditions and may serve as a point of engineering to control rates of H2 production. The possibility to use thiosulfate expands the range of electron-donating compounds for H2 production by PNSBs beyond biomass-based electron donors.
Myocardial sarcomere dynamics during isometric contraction.

1. Sarcomere lengths were measured during rest and throughout the time course of isometric contractions in thin, isolated rat papillary muscles using light diffraction techniques. 2. Shortening of the sarcomere length occurred upon contraction at all muscle lengths, averaging 7% at optimal length and more at shorter lengths. Relative to the narrow range of sarcomere lengths spanning the length‐‐tension curve, this degree of shortening was considerable. 3. Local changes of sarcomere length were quantitatively paralleled by local changes of tissue segment length, the latter demarcated by microspheres lodged within the muscle tissue. At all but the shortest muscle lengths, sarcomere shortening was fully accounted for by equivalent lengthening of the non‐striated regions near the clamped ends of the preparation. 4. It seems likely that these regions near the clamped ends of the preparation. 4. It seems constitute the source of the large series elasticity characteristic of isolated papillary muscle preparations such as this.
Long-term Treatment Outcomes for Patients With Synovial Sarcoma: A 40-year Experience at the University of Florida

Objectives:The objective of the study was to evaluate our long-term outcomes and prognostic factors for patients treated for localized synovial sarcoma. Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 92 patients treated for nonmetastatic synovial sarcoma at the University of Florida from 1967 to 2007. Most patients were treated with limb-sparing surgery and radiation (63%), 27% received surgery alone and 10% received radiation only as definitive treatment. Among patients treated with surgery and radiation, 69% received preoperative radiation and 31% received postoperative radiation. Results:Median follow-up of living patients was 12.5 years. Overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 61% and 56%, respectively. Progression-free survival rates were 56% and 53%, respectively. Local control (LC) rates at 5 and 10 years were 90% and 88%, respectively. Freedom from distant metastasis rates were 57% at 5 years and 55% at 10 years. The severe complication (requiring surgery) rate was 13%. Size >5 cm predicted worse overall survival, progression-free survival, and freedom from distant metastasis, but not LC. No other prognostic factor was significant on multivariate analysis. Conclusions:Selectively adding radiotherapy to surgery results in excellent LC for these patients. However, distant metastasis remains the principal factor limiting survival and seems directly related to primary tumor size at presentation.
A test of a social cognitive model for middle school students: Math and science.

This study tested Propositions 1, 3, and 4 of the R. W. Lent, S. D. Brown, and G. Hackett (1994) social cognitive model with ethnically diverse middle school students (N = 380): that an individual's vocational interests are reflective of his or her concurrent self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations, that self-efficacy beliefs affect choice goals and actions, and that outcome expectations affect choice goals and action. R. W. Lent et al. (1994) also proposed that demographic and individual difference variables (such as gender or race-ethnicity) mediate learning experiences that play a role in forming self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations. The study investigated a model in which age and gender were represented as antecedent conditions to learning experiences. Self-efficacy was modeled to have both a direct influence on interests and an indirect influence on interests through outcome expectancies. Finally, intentions were modeled to be influenced by self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and interests. Results support the R. W. Lent et al. Propositions 1, 3, and 4 for this middle school population.
The antiproteinuric effect of antihypertensive agents in diabetic nephropathy.

To the Editor. — In a recent article, Valentino and associates 1 present evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and certain calcium channel antagonists (CCAs) confer beneficial effects on renal function in diabetic nephropathy above and beyond those attributable solely to blood pressure lowering per se. In the same issue, Epstein, 2 in his editorial article, considers some of the issues raised by Valentino et al. Both articles 1,2 conclude, given the presently available data, that both ACE inhibitors and CCAs can effectively reduce urinary protein excretion and may preserve renal function. However, the effects of CCAs appear to vary considerably. Several factors are proposed by the authors that may explain the ultimate renal response to a CCA, including the type of CCA 1 and the level of preexisting renal function. 2 Although we tend to agree with the line of reasoning used by the authors of both articles, we would
No evidence for association of the systemic lupus erythematosus-associated ITGAM variant, R77H, with rheumatoid arthritis in the Caucasian population.

1 McCormack M, Briggs J, Hakim A, Grahame R. A study of joint laxity and the impact of the benign joint hypermobility syndrome in student and professional ballet dancers. J Rheumatol 2004;31:173–8. 2 Bowling A. Injuries to dancers: prevalence, treatment, and perceptions of causes. Br Med J 1989;298:731–4. 3 Sohl P, Bowling A. Injuries to dancers, prevalence, treatment and prevention. Sports Med 1990;9:317–22. 4 Brinson P, Dick F. Fit to dance? The report or the national inquiry into dancers’ health and injury. London: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, 1996. 5 Laws H. Fit to Dance 2. Report of the second national inquiry into dancers’ health and injury in the UK. London: Dance UK, 2005. 6 Archambault J, Preston Wiley J, Bray R. Exercise loading of tendons and the development of overuse injuries, a review of current literature. Sports Med 1995;20:77–89.
Body size stigmatization in preschool children: the role of control attributions.

OBJECTIVE The current study assessed preschool-age children's control attributions for weight and the relationship of these attributions to attitudes and behavioral intentions toward children of different body sizes. METHODS Forty-two children (mean age = 5.2 years) were interviewed about the adjectives they attributed to figures of different sizes, their preference for size in playmates, and their beliefs about children's ability to control their own weight. RESULTS Adjective ratings for obese figures were the most negative, with no differences found for thin and average figures; the heaviest figure was also chosen less often than other figures to be a playmate. Internal attributions of control for weight were related to less positive adjective ratings for the heavier figure but not to children's friendship selections. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the relationship between body size stigmatization and control attributions are consistent with attribution theory for young children. Practical implications of these results and possible interventions are discussed.
Calcification of the Meconium within the Bowel of the Newborn

Since Neuhauser (I1944) drew attention to the radiological features of intra-abdominal calcification associated with meconium peritonitis, this condition has been diagnosed with increasing frequency. However, all cases showing intra-abdominal calcification at birth are not due to meconium peritonitis. Up to the present time four cases have been reported which show calcification within the lumen of the bowel. In all except one, some biochemical investigations were carried out. Camp and Roberts (1949) reported a baby with ileal stenosis, in whom calcification was present as small concretions in the meconium. No biochemical studies were done on either the baby or the meconium, but radiographs of the skeleton were normal. Kasmersky and Howard (I1952) described a newborn baby with multiple atresias of the jejunum and calcification of the meconium in the bowel between the atretic segments. It was not stated whether meconium was present distal to the last atretic segment or whether each portion of bowel between the atretic segments contained calcified material. Khilnani, Wolf and Arnheim (1955) reported a case of 'enterolithiasis' in a newborn baby. The pathological features were an imperforate anus, an ectopic right kidney, a deformed right ear, congenital abnormalities of the 11th and 12th dorsal vertebrae and calcification of meconium in the lumen of the bowel. Blood calcium estimations on mother and child were normal; the meconium was not analysed. Rickham (1957) investigated a case of a baby, one month premature, shown radiologically to have calcified intra-abdominal shadows and small gut obstruction. Laparotomy revealed a segment of ileum in which bowel contents were arrested, but no organic obstruction was found. The meconium was washed out and an enterostomy performed. Radiographs of the meconium showed it to be calcified. The condition recurred, and a second operation was necessary, when the proximal intestine was found to be occluded by thick material, and this again proved to be calcified. The baby died, and a hydronephrotic left kidney was found at autopsy. Although trypsin was absent from the first specimen of meconium, trypsin was thereafter present in the duodenal juice and ileal contents. The pancreas was histologically normal, and the baby and mother had normal serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. Analysis of the meconium showed the phosphorus and calcium to be eight times and five times respectively the normal values given by the author. In the present report, two additional cases of intraluminal intestinal calcification in the newborn are described.
Reflective learning in social work education: researching student experiences

This study examines the implications of using a reflective approach to teaching and learning for the students on a postgraduate programme in social work. The findings from a qualitative approach to the collection and analysis of data from 21 research participants are presented. Participants were invited to provide written and anonymous accounts of their experiences on the course at four selected points. These were four weeks into the course, midway, end of course and one year after graduation. The paper begins by conceptually locating reflective teaching and learning within social work education. The context of this particular postgraduate course is briefly described. Themes emerging from the data are discussed. In incorporating the findings from this study into course revision and planning, the authors have engaged in a hermeneutic circle of inquiry, which spans teaching/learning, professional practice/supervision and professional research/evaluation.
First-Order Diagnosis by Propositional Reasoning: A Representation-Based Approach

We present an approach to diagnosis that first compiles a first-order system description into a propositional representation, and then solves the diagnostic problem as a linear programming instance. The compilation method employs techniques from relevance reasoning and may exploit structural features of the system. To solve diagnostic problems, we use cost-based hypothetical reasoning as an intermediate problem representation. The diagnostic engine is based on a 0-1 integer linear programming method that generates a near-optimal diagnosis in polynomial time. A probabilistic interpretation of the solution diagnoses is possible as well. Preliminary empirical results indicate that our approach has great potential to eciently solve diagnosis problems traditionally represented in first-order Horn logic.
Playground Music Pedagogy Of Ghanaian Children

This article discusses the pedagogical approaches and values that are applied to music knowledge acquisition in the Ghanaian indigenous communities with special reference to the performance of children's singing games on the playground. Music education in the Ghanaian community is largely participatory and informal so that children perform their clapping and dancing games by watching and `doing'. The process of music training and performance in the Ghanaian context including children's playground music is a key feature of this article. I conducted an ethnographic study to explore how children acquire music knowledge in indigenous contexts and what this could offer formal music education. I also investigated the disparity between playground music pedagogy and classroom pedagogy in Ghanaian schools and offered recommendations to classroom teachers particularly in music. The research questions were: What pedagogical approaches and values are embedded in Ghanaian children's playground performances? How can music educators transform school music by borrowing creatively from children's playground processes?
Clinical Implications of iNOS Levels in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Responding to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Triple-negative breast cancer is a high-risk breast cancer with poor survival rate. To date, there is a lack of targeted therapy for this type of cancer. One unique phenomenon is that inflammatory breast cancer is frequently triple negative. However, it is still ambiguous how inflammation influences triple-negative breast cancer growth and responding to chemotherapy. Herein, we investigated the levels of inflammation-associated enzyme, iNOS, in 20 triple-negative breast cancer patients’ tumors, and examined its correlation with patients’ responses to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Our studies showed that triple-negative breast cancer patients with attenuated iNOS levels in tumor cells after treatment showed better responses to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy than other triple-negative breast cancer patients. Our further in vitro studies confirmed that induction of proper levels of NO increased the resistance to cisplatin in triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Our data suggest that aberrant high level of iNOS/NO are associated with less effectiveness of platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Therefore, we propose to monitor iNOS levels as a new predictor for triple-negative breast cancer patient’s response to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, iNOS/NO is considered as a potential target for combination therapy with platinum drugs for triple-negative breast cancer.
The Ecology of East African Homicide

Recent investigations suggest that high levels of environmental stress increase individual susceptibility to hypoglycemia, which, in turn, raises the level of aggression in a society. In this paper we examine various eco logical factors which might be functioning as stressors in the environment of thirty-four East African tribes. Using homicide rates as our indicator of aggressiveness, we test a set of hypotheses dealing with the relationships between these stressors and tribal levels of aggressivity.
Outcome of dialysed patients with acute renal failure.

Acute renal failure (ARF) is one of the common emergencies in pediatric practice. In the Indian subcontinent, its etiology, clinical features and outcome vary from other parts of the world(l). Although dialysis therapy has made some difference in the outcome of ARF patients, mortality in children remains very high(2,3). The present study was undertaken to find out the etiology of ARF in children at a major hospital and evaluate the factors affecting the prognosis.
Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness: The Context of a Black Feminist Ideology

Black women have long recognized the special circumstances of our lives in the United States: the commonalities that we share with all women, as well as the bonds that connect us to the men of our race. We have also realized that the interactive oppressions that circumscribe our lives provide a distinctive context for black womanhood. For us, the notion of double jeopardy is not a new one. Near the end of the nineteenth century, Anna Julia Cooper, who was born a slave and later became an educator and earned a Ph.D., often spoke and wrote of the double enslavement of black women and of our being "confronted by both a woman question and a race problem. "' In 1904, Mary Church Terrell, the first president of the National Association of Colored Women, wrote, "Not only are colored women . handicapped on account of their sex, but they are almost everywhere baffled and mocked because of their race. Not only because they are women, but because they are colored women. "2
Major Developments in the Design of Inhibitors along the Kynurenine Pathway

Disrupted kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolism has been implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative disease, psychiatric disorders and cancer. Modulation of enzyme activity along this pathway may therefore offer potential new therapeutic strategies for these conditions. Considering their prominent positions in the KP, the enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, kynurenine 3-monooxygenase and kynurenine aminotransferase, appear the most attractive targets. Already, increasing interest in this pathway has led to the identification of a number of potent and selective enzyme inhibitors with promising pre-clinical data and the elucidation of several enzyme crystal structures provides scope to rationalize the molecular mechanisms of inhibitor activity. The field seems poised to yield one or more inhibitors that should find clinical utility.
Too Many PhD Graduates or Too Few Academic Job Openings: The Basic Reproductive Number R0 in Academia.

The academic job market has become increasingly competitive for PhD graduates. In this note, we ask the basic question of 'Are we producing more PhDs than needed? ' We take a systems approach and offer a 'birth rate' perspective: professors graduate PhDs who later become professors themselves, an analogue to how a population grows. We show that the reproduction rate in academia is very high. For example, in engineering, a professor in the US graduates 7.8 new PhDs during his/her whole career on average, and only one of these graduates can replace the professor's position. This implies that in a steady state, only 12.8% of PhD graduates can attain academic positions in the USA. The key insight is that the system in many places is saturated, far beyond capacity to absorb new PhDs in academia at the rates that they are being produced. Based on the analysis, we discuss policy implications.
Climate change, wine, and conservation

Climate change is expected to impact ecosystems directly, such as through shifting climatic controls on species ranges, and indirectly, for example through changes in human land use that may result in habitat loss. Shifting patterns of agricultural production in response to climate change have received little attention as a potential impact pathway for ecosystems. Wine grape production provides a good test case for measuring indirect impacts mediated by changes in agriculture, because viticulture is sensitive to climate and is concentrated in Mediterranean climate regions that are global biodiversity hotspots. Here we demonstrate that, on a global scale, the impacts of climate change on viticultural suitability are substantial, leading to possible conservation conflicts in land use and freshwater ecosystems. Area suitable for viticulture decreases 25% to 73% in major wine producing regions by 2050 in the higher RCP 8.5 concentration pathway and 19% to 62% in the lower RCP 4.5. Climate change may cause establishment of vineyards at higher elevations that will increase impacts on upland ecosystems and may lead to conversion of natural vegetation as production shifts to higher latitudes in areas such as western North America. Attempts to maintain wine grape productivity and quality in the face of warming may be associated with increased water use for irrigation and to cool grapes through misting or sprinkling, creating potential for freshwater conservation impacts. Agricultural adaptation and conservation efforts are needed that anticipate these multiple possible indirect effects.
Evolutionary genomics of human intellectual disability

Previous studies have postulated that X‐linked and autosomal genes underlying human intellectual disability may have also mediated the evolution of human cognition. We have conducted the first comprehensive assessment of the extent and patterns of positive Darwinian selection on intellectual disability genes in humans. We report three main findings. First, as noted in some previous reports, intellectual disability genes with primary functions in the central nervous system exhibit a significant concentration to the X chromosome. Second, there was no evidence for a higher incidence of recent positive selection on X‐linked than autosomal intellectual disability genes, nor was there a higher incidence of selection on such genes overall, compared to sets of control genes. However, the X‐linked intellectual disability genes inferred to be subject to recent positive selection were concentrated in the Rho GTP‐ase pathway, a key signaling pathway in neural development and function. Third, among all intellectual disability genes, there was evidence for a higher incidence of recent positive selection on genes involved in DNA repair, but not for genes involved in other functions. These results provide evidence that alterations to genes in the Rho GTP‐ase and DNA‐repair pathways may play especially‐important roles in the evolution of human cognition and vulnerability to genetically‐based intellectual disability.