Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Mobility Group Protein B1 Is an Activator of Apoptotic Response to Antimetabolite Drugs

We explored the role of a chromatin-associated nuclear protein high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in apoptotic response to widely used anticancer drugs. A murine fibroblast model system generated from Hmgb1+/+ and Hmgb1-/- mice was used to assess the role of HMGB1 protein in cellular response to anticancer nucleoside analogs and precursors, which act without destroying the integrity of DNA. Chemosensitivity experiments with 5-fluorouracil, cytosine arabinoside (araC), and mercaptopurine (MP) demonstrated that Hmgb1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were 3 to 10 times more resistant to these drugs compared with Hmgb1+/+ MEFs. Hmgb1-deficient cells showed compromised cell cycle arrest and reduced caspase activation after treatment with MP and araC. Phosphorylation of p53 at Ser12 (corresponding to Ser9 in human p53) and Ser18 (corresponding to Ser15 in human p53), as well as phosphorylation of H2AX after drug treatment, was reduced in Hmgb1-deficient cells. trans-Activation experiments demonstrated diminished activation of proapoptotic promoters Bax, Puma, and Noxa in Hmgb1-deficient cells after treatment with MP or araC, consistent with reduced transcriptional activity of p53. We have demonstrated for the first time that Hmgb1 is an essential activator of cellular response to genotoxic stress caused by chemotherapeutic agents (thiopurines, cytarabine, and 5-fluorouracil), which acts at early steps of antimetabolite-induced stress by stimulating phosphorylation of two DNA damage markers, p53 and H2AX. This finding makes HMGB1 a potential target for modulating activity of chemotherapeutic antimetabolites. Identification of proteins sensitive to DNA lesions that occur without the loss of DNA integrity provides new insights into the determinants of drug sensitivity in cancer cells.
Discrimination of ADHD children based on Deep Bayesian Network

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a threat for the public health all the time, so the effective discrimination of it is significant and meaningful. In current research, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data has become a popular tool for the analysis of ADHD. In this paper, we introduce the Deep Bayesian Network, a combination of Deep Belief Network and Bayesian Network, to classify the ADHD children from the normal. In Deep Bayesian Network, The Deep Belief Network is applied to normalize and reduce dimension of the fMRI data in every brodmann area. And the Bayesian Network is used to extract the feature of relationships between several well-performed brain areas by structure learning. According to the information of structure and probability in Bayesian Network, we predicted the subjects as control, combined, inattentive or hyperactive using SVM classifier. The final results perform better than using single Deep Belief Network and the best results in ADHD-200 competition.
Tolerance, Urbanism and Region

This paper offers two sets of analogous hypotheses concerning the effects of city size and region upon people's tolerance. Data are examined from national surveys focusing upon diverse indicators of tolerance, conducted between 1947 and 1982. The results suggest that the effects of city size-net of compositional variables-have declined. By contrast, the effects that can be uniquely attributed to region do not appear to have declined, and they almost always exceed the (unique) effects of city size.
E pluribus unum, ex uno plures

Why are some ethnopolitical movements divided while others are relatively unified? A growing literature examines the consequences of internal divisions in ethnopolitical movements – and shows that it matters for a range of conflict outcomes – yet the mechanisms causing such divisions remain poorly understood. Our argument emphasizes competitive dynamics between states and self-determination movements and between rival factions within these movements as key determinants of fragmentation. Drawing from literatures on social movements, contentious politics, and civil war, we situate our argument vis-à-vis three alternative and complementary sets of explanations based on theories emphasizing transnational dimensions, political institutions, and structural factors within ethnopolitical groups. Using an original dataset, we test hypotheses explaining movement fragmentation over time and use a case study of Punjab in India to identify specific causal mechanisms and missing variables. Our findings show some support for three of these theories, suggesting that ethnopolitical movements divide as a result of complex and interactive processes. But our findings also underscore that central to explaining fragmentation dynamics are factors capturing competitive dynamics, including repression, accommodation of movement demands, the turn to violence, and the dynamic and changing nature of ethnopolitical demands.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Co-integration Approach

The study examines the macroeconomics determinants of economic growth in Nigeria measured by real gross domestic product (RGDP). We used time series data obtained from CBN for a period of 26 years that is 1986 to 2012. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test was used for the unit root test and Johansen’s co-integration test was also conducted to establish short and long run relationships between economic growth and its macroeconomics determinants. The result shows six co-integrating equations which establish the existence of long run relationship among the variables. Ordinary Least Square statistical technique was used to assess the degree of influence the variables have on each other. The results show that gross fixed capital formation, foreign direct investment and total government expenditure are the main determinants of Nigeria economic output under a stable inflationary rate. The study recommended that there is need for government to consciously develop the business environment by provision of necessary infrastructure, which will lower the cost of doing business in Nigeria. There is also the need for the government to retain tight monetary and fiscal policies in order to fight inflation in the Nigerian economy, since inflation have negative influence on investment and Nigeria economic growth and finally, There is needs to put stringent policy in place to minimised strike in Nigeria labour sector in order to enhance their performance to the nation economy.
The Drive to Work

Transportation enables low-income individuals to find and travel to employment. This article analyzes the relationship between access to automobiles and public transit and employment outcomes of low-income households. We use longitudinal survey data from participants in the Welfare to Work Voucher Program, which was conducted in five US metropolitan areas between 1999 and 2005. Multinomial logistic regression shows that baseline access to automobiles has a strong positive relationship to follow-up employment but public transit access and receipt of housing assistance do not. Our findings suggest that enhancing car access will notably improve employment outcomes among very-low-income adults, but other assistance will have, at best, marginal effects.
Metacognition in Real Life Situations and Study Skills and Habits: Two Types of Processes.

The relationship between metacognition in real life situations and study skills and habits was examined using a sample of college students. Results showed no significant relationship between these two variables nor was there a significant relationship between study skills and reaction time as measured on the metacognitive test. However, there was a positive significant correlation between study skills, and high school and college GPA's; a significant negative relationship between high school GPA and reaction time; and a positive significant correlation between high school GPA and metacognitive test scores calculated based on reaction time. High school GPA was significantly related to study skills and to the relationship between study skills and academic performance as opposed to college GPA. The importance of college GPA as a significant predictor of study skills depends on whether or not students grades were assigned objectively without manipulation or inflation.
Dietary Patterns and Risk for Diabetes

OBJECTIVE The high diabetes incidence among Japanese Americans and Native Hawaiians cannot be explained by BMI. Therefore, we examined the influence of three dietary patterns of “fat and meat,” “vegetables,” and “fruit and milk” on diabetes risk in the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort with 29,759 Caucasians, 35,244 Japanese Americans, and 10,509 Native Hawaiians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects aged 45–75 years completed a baseline food frequency questionnaire. After 14 years of follow-up, 8,587 subjects with incident diabetes were identified through self-reports or health plan linkages. Risk was assessed using Cox regression stratified by age and adjusted for ethnicity, BMI, physical activity, education, total energy, smoking, alcohol intake, marital status, and hypertension. RESULTS Fat and meat was significantly associated with diabetes risk in men (hazard ratio 1.40 [95% CI 1.23–1.60], Ptrend < 0.0001) and women (1.22 [1.06–1.40], Ptrend = 0.004) when extreme quintiles were compared. Except in Hawaiian women, the magnitude of the risk was similar across ethnic groups although not always significant. After stratification by BMI, fat and meat remained a predictor of disease primarily among overweight men and among overweight Japanese women. Vegetables lowered diabetes risk in men (0.86 [0.77–0.95], Ptrend = 0.004) but not in women, whereas fruit and milk seemed to be more beneficial in women (0.85 [0.76–0.96], Ptrend = 0.005) than in men (0.92 [0.83–1.02], Ptrend = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Foods high in meat and fat appear to confer a higher diabetes risk in all ethnic groups, whereas the effects of other dietary patterns vary by sex and ethnicity.
Higher Wear-Rate of Third-Generation Metal-Backed Reflection Cups with Eto-Sterilised UHMWPE at a Mean 13 Years Follow-up

Polyethylene (PE) wear and osteolysis is a recognised problem with non-cross linked PE liners and first generation modular cup designs. Wear particles induce osteolysis leading to aseptic loosening. We retrospectively compared the linear PE wear and implant survival and revision rates of the Reflection Cup and the Duraloc 300. After a mean clinical follow-up of 13 years (range 11-15 years), the 2D linear PE wear-rate of the Reflection liner (n = 68) was 0.23 mm/year, with a mean total wear of 3.14 mm (1.04-7.36), SD 1.45. The wear-rate of the Duraloc 300 cups (n = 32) was 0.14 mm/year, with a mean total wear of 1.84 mm (0.55-4.63), SD 1.07. The difference in PE wear-rate as well as mean total wear was highly significant (p = 0.0001). There was a positive correlation between wear-rate and both Oxford Hip Score and Harris Hip Score (p = 0.02). Large acetabular cup size (>54 mm), HA coating on the stem and age <50 years did not influence PE wear. The higher wear-rate in the Reflection liners could be related to the EtO sterilisation. Intermediate and long-term follow-up is advisable.
Validation of methods for CYP2C9 genotyping: frequencies of mutant alleles in a Swedish population.

Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) catalysis the metabolism of important drugs such as phenytoin, S-warfarin, tolbutamide, losartan, torasemide, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A functional polymorphism of the CYP2C9 gene has been described. The variant alleles include CYP2C9*2 having a point mutation in exon 3 causing an Arg144Cys exchange, and CYP2C9*3 with a point mutation in exon 7 resulting in an Ile359Leu exchange. Genotyping of these variant forms was carried out in 430 Swedish healthy volunteers and three different methods were compared. Sequence analysis of the different PCR products revealed that other genes in the CYP2C locus were co-amplified in one of the methods applied, whereas the other two methods were specific for CYP2C9. The frequencies of the CYP2C9*1, CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 alleles in the population examined were found to be 0.819, 0.107, and 0.074, respectively. The need for careful evaluation of the genotyping procedure by sequence analysis of PCR products is emphasised.
Zinc-Dependent Global Transcriptional Control, Transcriptional Deregulation, and Higher Gene Copy Number for Genes in Metal Homeostasis of the Hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri1[W]

The metal hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri exhibits naturally selected zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) hypertolerance and accumulates extraordinarily high Zn concentrations in its leaves. With these extreme physiological traits, A. halleri phylogenetically belongs to the sister clade of Arabidopsis thaliana. Using a combination of genome-wide cross species microarray analysis and real-time reverse transcription-PCR, a set of candidate genes is identified for Zn hyperaccumulation, Zn and Cd hypertolerance, and the adjustment of micronutrient homeostasis in A. halleri. Eighteen putative metal homeostasis genes are newly identified to be more highly expressed in A. halleri than in A. thaliana, and 11 previously identified candidate genes are confirmed. The encoded proteins include HMA4, known to contribute to root-shoot transport of Zn in A. thaliana. Expression of either AtHMA4 or AhHMA4 confers cellular Zn and Cd tolerance to yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Among further newly implicated proteins are IRT3 and ZIP10, which have been proposed to contribute to cytoplasmic Zn influx, and FRD3 required for iron partitioning in A. thaliana. In A. halleri, the presence of more than a single genomic copy is a hallmark of several highly expressed candidate genes with possible roles in metal hyperaccumulation and metal hypertolerance. Both A. halleri and A. thaliana exert tight regulatory control over Zn homeostasis at the transcript level. Zn hyperaccumulation in A. halleri involves enhanced partitioning of Zn from roots into shoots. The transcriptional regulation of marker genes suggests that in the steady state, A. halleri roots, but not the shoots, act as physiologically Zn deficient under conditions of moderate Zn supply.
Severe hypomagnesaemia‐induced hypocalcaemia in a patient with Gitelman’s syndrome

Gitelman’s syndrome (GS) is characterized by hyperreninaemic hyperaldosteronism, hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesaemia and hypocalciuria and is due to a defect of the Na–Cl cotransporter at the distal tubule, which may appear in a sporadic or in a familial form. It is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with normal or reduced blood pressure. We report a case of severe hypomagnesaemia‐induced hypocalcaemia in a 39‐year‐old Caucasian woman with GS. The patient had impaired parathormone (PTH) responsiveness to peripheral stimuli, as proved by the marked PTH increase and normalization of plasma calcium levels after acute and chronic administration of magnesium salts. Secondary normotensive hyperreninaemic hyperaldosteronism with hypokalaemia and metabolic alkalosis was also present. Normal plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone levels were restored by administration of an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. The electrolyte imbalance was successfully corrected with chronic treatment with magnesium and potassium salts. Genetic analysis identified a compound heterozygous mutation in the Na‐Cl cotransporter gene (NCCT), confirming the diagnosis of GS. The striking feature of this case of GS was impaired PTH responsiveness to peripheral stimuli determined by hypomagnesaemia and the resulting severe hypocalcaemia, which had not previously been described in this syndrome.
Protective Endogenous Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate Signaling Triggered by Pemphigus Autoantibodies

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune skin disease mediated by autoantibodies directed against the cadherin-type cell adhesion molecules desmoglein (Dsg) 3 and Dsg1 and is characterized by loss of keratinocyte cohesion and epidermal blistering. Several intracellular signaling pathways, such as p38MAPK activation and RhoA inhibition, have been demonstrated to be altered following autoantibody binding and to be causally involved in loss of keratinocyte cohesion. In this paper, we demonstrate that cAMP-mediated signaling completely prevented blister formation in a neonatal pemphigus mouse model. Furthermore, elevation of cellular cAMP levels by forskolin/rolipram or β receptor agonist isoproterenol blocked loss of intercellular adhesion, depletion of cellular Dsg3, and morphologic changes induced by Ab fractions of PV patients (PV-IgG) in cultured keratinocytes. Incubation with PV-IgG alone increased cAMP levels, indicating that cAMP elevation may be a cellular response pathway to strengthen intercellular adhesion. Our data furthermore demonstrate that this protective pathway may involve protein kinase A signaling because protein kinase A inhibition attenuated recovery from PV-IgG–induced cell dissociation. Finally, cAMP increase interfered with PV-IgG–induced signaling by preventing p38MAPK activation both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data provide insights into the cellular response mechanisms following pemphigus autoantibody binding and point to a possible novel and more specific therapeutic approach in pemphigus.
Characterization of a Wideband Digitizer for Power Measurements up to 1 MHz

A two-channel high-speed digitizer has been extensively characterized in the frequency range of 50 Hz-1 MHz. Measurements involved alternating-current (ac) flatness, phase, linearity, input impedance, and the effects of direct-current offsets, temperature, and an internal self-calibration routine. A digital antialiasing filter inside the digitizer negatively affects ac flatness in the low-frequency region. An inverse compensation filter has been designed and applied, which improves frequency response with a factor of 25-60 and makes it flat within 25 μV/V up to 100 kHz and within 100 μV/V up to 1 MHz. The phase difference between the two channels can be modeled by a constant time delay between the two channels, which for the 2- Vpp range equals (250 ± 30) ps. The overall results of the characterization indicate that the digitizer can be applied in wideband power measurements under practical circumstances with (k = 1) uncertainty contributions of not more than 70 and 400 μW/VA at 10 kHz and 1 MHz, respectively. This uncertainty excludes loading effects, which are significant at frequencies above 100 kHz. At low frequencies, up to three times lower uncertainty are achieved when the digitizer is calibrated at the signal level and temperature at which it is subsequently used.
Credit Market Speculation and the Cost of Capital

We examine the effect of speculation using credit derivatives on the cost of debt and the likelihood of default. The availability of credit default swaps induces investors who are optimistic about borrower revenues to sell protection instead of buying bonds. This benefits borrowers if protection can only be bought with an insurable interest, but can increase the cost of debt and crowd out productive lending if protection can be purchased as a bet on default. We also show that the possibility of speculation on default may cause multiple equilibria and exacerbate the problem of rollover risk.
Antibacterial activities of some Borneo plant extracts against pathogenic bacteria of Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp

The objective of the present study was to explore the antibacterial activity from some plant extracts against Aeromonas hydrophilla and Pseudomonas sp. pathogenic bacteria for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The plant extracts were obtained by using ethanol and the concentration of the extract was 500-600 mg L and the the inhibition zone was measured after 24 h at 30°C. The results showed that 16 extracts have antibacterial activity with more than 10 mm against A. hydrophila and eight extracts against Pseudomonas sp. The highest activity was shown by the black cumin (Nigella sativa) extract against both bacteria. The effective dose of the extract as an antibacterial substance, against both bacteria, were 800 and 900 mg L Boesenbergia pandurata to A. hydrophila, 600 and 900 mg L Solanum ferox to Pseudomonas sp. , and concentration of Zingiber zerumbet 200 and 2,000 mg L effective to inhibit A. hydrophila bacteria.
Mayer wave activity in vasodepressor carotid sinus hypersensitivity.

AIMS Mayer waves are low frequency blood pressure waves, whose modulation involves central/peripheral baroreflex pathways. Although vasodepressor carotid sinus hypersensitivity (VDCSH) is a common hypotensive disorder in ageing, the mechanism of VDCSH is unknown. We hypothesize that VDCSH is due to impaired baroreflex function and that Mayer wave amplitude and oscillation frequency are therefore altered. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten minutes ECG and continuous beat-to-beat blood pressure (TNO Finapres(c)) recordings were taken in supine position. Blood pressure variance, spectral power (0.04-0.15 Hz) and centre of frequency was examined across a number of frequency bands. Vasodepressor carotid sinus hypersensitivity was defined as 50 mmHg drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP) during carotid sinus massage. Syncope facility was used in this study. Twelve patients with VDCSH median age 72 range (50-92) were compared with 36 case-controls median age 78 range (48-88). Diastolic blood pressure variability (median SD) was significantly higher in the VDCSH 6.6 (1.9-12.9) mmHg compared with controls 4.0 (1.7-9.5) mmHg; P < 0.05. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) variability (median SD) was significantly higher in the VDCSH 6.6 (2.9-10.1) mmHg compared with controls 4.6 (2.5-9.1) mmHg; P < 0.05. Low frequency Mayer wave activity in MAP in VDCSH compared with controls was increased at 0.06 Hz [controls -21.7 mmHg(2)/Hz (IQR: 30.8); VDCSH -31.5 mmHg(2)/Hz (IQR: 72.0) P < 0.05] and at 0.1 Hz [controls -4.9 mmHg(2)/Hz (IQR: 9.4); VDCSH -11.5 mmHg(2)/Hz (IQR: 12.9) P < 0.1]. High frequency blood pressure fluctuations were significantly increased at 0.3 Hz in VDCSH group in SBP [controls -4.1 mmHg(2)/Hz (IQR: 10.4); VDCSH -17.4 mmHg(2)/Hz (IQR: 47.9) P < 0.05] and MAP records [controls -32.5 mmHg(2)/Hz (IQR: 76.9); VDCSH -64.6 mmHg(2)/Hz (IQR: 59.8) P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION Blood pressure variability in particular activity at Mayer wave frequencies was higher in VDCSH. Future work will investigate this approach as a basis for diagnosis of VDCSH, with implications for syncope and falls management.