Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE INDUCTION OF OVULATION BY TAMOXIFEN

A new anti‐oestrogen, tamoxifen, has been synthesized and is available for clinical trials. Its value in the treatment of anovulatory infertility has been assessed in 32 patients. A total of 26 patients apparently ovulated, 16 patients conceived during a treatment cycle, and 2 patients became pregnant during the first spontaneous cycle thereafter. There was no increase in the abortion rate and there were no multiple pregnancies. Side‐effects were uncommon and none were serious.
SixthSense: RFID-based Enterprise Intelligence

RFID is widely used to track the movement of goods through a supply chain. In this paper, we extend the domain of RFID by presenting SixthSense, a platform for RFID-based enterprise intelligence systems. We consider an enterprise setting where people (or rather their employee badges) and their personal objects such as books and mobiles are tagged with cheap, passive RFID tags, and there is good coverage of RFID readers in the workplace. SixthSense combines mobility information obtained from RFID-based sensing with information from enterprise systems such as calendar and presence, to automatically draw inferences about the association and interaction amongst people, objects, and workspaces. For instance, SixthSense is able to automatically distinguish between people and objects, learn the identities of people, and infer the ownership of objects by people. We characterize the performance of a state-of-the-art RFID system used in our testbed, present our inference algorithms, and evaluate these both in a small testbed and via simulations. We also present the SixthSense programming model that exposes a rich API to applications. To demonstrate the capabilities of the SixthSense platform, we present a few applications built using these APIs, including a mis placed object alert service, an enhanced calendar service, and rich annotation of video with physical events. We also discuss the issue of safeguarding user privacy in the context of SixthSense.
Expression of the low‐affinity neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR, is upregulated by oligodendroglial progenitors adjacent to the subventricular zone in response to demyelination

Precursor cells have the capacity to repopulate the demyelinated brain, but the molecular mechanisms that facilitate their recruitment are largely unknown. The low‐affinity neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR, may be one of these regulators; however, its expression profile by oligodendroglia within the multiple sclerosis (MS) brain remains uncertain. We therefore assessed the expression profile of this receptor within 8 MS and 4 control brains. We found no evidence of expression of p75NTR by mature oligodendrocytes. Instead, we demonstrated the presence of p75NTR on a subgroup of NG2‐positive oligodendroglial progenitors in a periventricular plaque in one MS sample. Notably, p75NTR‐expressing cells were also detected within the subventricular zone (SVZ) of this brain, adjacent to the periventricular plaque. In animals with experimental demyelination we observed similar patterns of p75NTR expression, initially confined to precursor cells within the SVZ, followed at later stages in the disease course by its expression amongst a subset of oligodendroglial progenitors within the corpus callosum. These data suggest that a population of precursor cells within the SVZ can be induced to express p75NTR and to subsequently assume an oligodendroglial progenitor phenotype in response to demyelination in the adjacent white matter. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Satellite-based AIS receiver for dense maritime zones

A satellite-based Automatic Identification System (S-AIS) receiver has a high probability of message collisions, both in time and in frequency, for a zone densely populated by AIS-enabled ships. Banks of time-and-frequency selective detectors (that use message fields from un-collided messages from the same ship-track together with interference cancellation) decode collided messages. Algorithms are suited for on-board processing, with enhanced message and ship detection probability.
Generation iStalk: an Examination of the prior relationship between victims of stalking and offenders

Stalking is a growing issue in the United States faced by many each year. The proliferation of social media sites has made cyberstalking a new form of social harassment and potential victimization. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of traditional and cyberstalking on a medium sized college campus in the Southeastern United States. Included was an examination of the impact of the victim-offender relationship, to whom victimization was reported, and gender patterns of social media use. In total, 1,040 undergraduate/graduate students were surveyed using a multistage cluster sampling method. Results showed that cyberstalking was more prevalent than traditional stalking. In addition, the most common victim-offender relationship was ex-intimate partners when the victim was cyberstalked; however, strangers were the most common victim-offender relationship for those who were traditionally stalked. Consistent with the current literature, victims were more likely to report both traditional and cyberstalking incidents to friends/family members as opposed to law enforcement. As new social networking sites continue to surface, it is imperative that they are frequently examined as therein lies the potential for cyberstalking incidents to occur.
Flavivirus enzyme-substrate interactions studied with chimeric proteinases: identification of an intragenic locus important for substrate recognition

The proteins of flaviviruses are translated as a single long polyprotein which is co- and posttranslationally processed by both cellular and viral proteinases. We have studied the processing of flavivirus polyproteins in vitro by a viral proteinase located within protein NS3 that cleaves at least three sites within the nonstructural region of the polyprotein, acting primarily autocatalytically. Recombinant polyproteins in which part of the polyprotein is derived from yellow fever virus and part from dengue virus were used. We found that polyproteins containing the yellow fever virus cleavage sites were processed efficiently by the yellow fever virus enzyme, by the dengue virus enzyme, and by various chimeric enzymes. In contrast, dengue virus cleavage sites were cleaved inefficiently by the dengue virus enzyme and not at all by the yellow fever virus enzyme. Studies with chimeric proteinases and with site-directed mutants provided evidence for a direct interaction between the cleavage sites and the proposed substrate-binding pocket of the enzyme. We also found that the efficiency and order of processing could be altered by site-directed mutagenesis of the proposed substrate-binding pocket.
Cabergoline monotherapy in the long-term treatment of Cushing's disease.

BACKGROUND Cabergoline is a long-acting dopamine receptor agonist used to treat prolactinomas. Identification of D(2) receptors in corticotroph tumors led to clinical trials of cabergoline therapy in limited cases of Nelson's syndrome, ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors, and recently Cushing's disease (CD). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term efficacy of cabergoline monotherapy in patients with CD. METHODS Retrospective analysis of non-randomized clinical therapy with cabergoline in 30 patients with CD treated in academic centers of Buenos Aires and Montreal. Cabergoline was initiated at 0.5-1.0 mg/week and adjusted up to a maximal dose of 6 mg/week based on urinary free cortisol (UFC) levels. Complete response to cabergoline was defined as a sustained normalization of UFC with at least two normal values measured at 1-3 months interval; partial response was defined as a decrease of UFC to <125% of the upper limit of normal, and treatment failure as UFC ≥ 125% of it. RESULTS Within 3-6 months, complete response was achieved in 11 patients (36.6%) and partial response in 4 patients (13.3%). After long-term therapy, nine patients (30%) remain with a complete response after a mean of 37 months (range from 12 to 60 months) with a mean dose of 2.1 mg/week of cabergoline. Two patients escaped after 2 and 5 years of complete response, but one patient transiently renormalized UFC after an increase in cabergoline dosage. No long-term response was maintained in four initial partial responders. CONCLUSIONS Cabergoline monotherapy can provide an effective long-term medical therapy for selected patients with CD, but requires close follow-up for dose adjustments.
Correlation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphism (GG, TT and GT Genotype) with Proteinuria and Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

BACKGROUND Nephropathy is the most important leading cause of end stage renal failure in type 2 diabetic patients, so numerous studies were done to diagnose and evaluate risk factors of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Some gene polymorphisms may be associated with progression or regression of DN, so the aim of this study was to compare prevalence of eNOS gene polymorphism in diabetic patients with controls and its association with diabetic nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 94 type 2 diabetic patients and 94 normal participants were enrolled. Patients without retinopathy were excluded from this study. For all of the patients, fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2 hours post-prandial (BS), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine (Cr), 24 hours urine protein were measured in the case group. Endothelial nitric oxide synthetase gene polymorphism was evaluated in the case and control groups. RESULTS There was no significant difference based on age and sex between patients in case and control groups. GG genotype of eNOS was less common in the patient group compared to control group. There was no difference between prevalence of TT, GT or GG genotype based on age and sex. There was no correlation between diabetic retinopathy or proteinuria and genotypes of eNOs. CONCLUSION The study showed that in type 2 diabetic patients, NOS gene polymorphism was more common compared to normal population; however, there is no correlation between this gene polymorphism and proteinuria or retinopathy in these patients.
Rigorous Analysis for Efficient Statistically Accurate Algorithms for Solving Fokker-Planck Equations in Large Dimensions

This article presents a rigorous analysis for efficient statistically accurate algorithms for solving the Fokker-Planck equations associated with high-dimensional nonlinear turbulent dynamical systems with conditional Gaussian structures. Despite the conditional Gaussianity, these nonlinear systems contain many strong non-Gaussian features such as intermittency and fat-tailed probability density functions (PDFs). The algorithms involve a hybrid strategy that requires only a small number of samples $L$ to capture both the transient and the equilibrium non-Gaussian PDFs with high accuracy. Here, a conditional Gaussian mixture in a high-dimensional subspace via an extremely efficient parametric method is combined with a judicious Gaussian kernel density estimation in the remaining low-dimensional subspace. Rigorous analysis shows that the mean integrated squared error in the recovered PDFs in the high-dimensional subspace is bounded by the inverse square root of the determinant of the conditional covariance, where the conditional covariance is completely determined by the underlying dynamics and is independent of $L$. This is fundamentally different from a direct application of kernel methods to solve the full PDF, where $L$ needs to increase exponentially with the dimension of the system and the bandwidth shrinks. A detailed comparison between different methods justifies that the efficient statistically accurate algorithms are able to overcome the curse of dimensionality. It is also shown with mathematical rigour that these algorithms are robust in long time provided that the system is controllable and stochastically stable. Particularly, dynamical systems with energy-conserving quadratic nonlinearity as in many geophysical and engineering turbulence are proved to have these properties.
Rho‐associated kinases play an essential role in cardiac morphogenesis and cardiomyocyte proliferation

Rho‐associated coiled‐coil kinases (ROCKs), initially identified as effectors for Rho GTPases, play a role in cardiac cell physiology and are also expressed in the developing heart. However, their role in cardiac development is not known. To investigate the role of these kinases in cardiac development, we examined cardiac development in cultured murine embryos treated with the ROCK inhibitor Y27632. After inhibition of ROCK activity, we found disturbed cardiac chamber formation and trabeculation. To further examine the mechanisms by which ROCK blockade causes cardiac hypoplasia, we assessed programmed cell death and cell proliferation in the hearts. We found decreased cell proliferation in the Y27632‐treated hearts, but no changes in programmed cell death. We further observed that ROCK inhibition decreased cardiac myocyte proliferation, suggesting that ROCK kinases regulate cardiomyocyte division. To identify factors involved in ROCK action in regulation of cardiac cell division, we examined expression of cell cycle proteins by using Western blot analysis. We found that ROCK blockade decreased expression of cell cycle proteins, cyclin D3, CDK6, and p27KIP1 in the hearts and cardiomyocytes, which are required for initiation of cell cycle and G1/S phase transition. These observations show that ROCK kinases play a role in cardiac development and that ROCK kinases regulate cardiac cell proliferation and cell cycle protein expression. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic feature traces: finding features in unfamiliar code

This paper introduces an automated technique for feature location: helping developers map features to relevant source code. Like several other automated feature location techniques, ours is based on execution-trace analysis. We hypothesize that these techniques, which rely on making binary judgments about a code element's relevance to a feature, are overly sensitive to the quality of the input. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a more robust alternative, whose most distinguishing characteristic is that it employs ranking heuristics to determine a code element's relevance to a feature. We believe that our technique is less sensitive with respect to the quality of the input and we claim that it is more effective when used by developers unfamiliar with the target system. We validate our claim by applying our technique to three systems with comprehensive test suites. A developer unfamiliar with the target system spent a limited amount of effort preparing the test suite for analysis. Our results show that under these circumstances our ranking-based technique compares favorably to a technique based on binary judgements.
Experimental myocardial infarction triggers canonical Wnt signaling and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition

SUMMARY Despite available therapies, myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate cardiac repair should help to improve the clinical outcome of MI patients. Using the reporter mouse line TOPGAL, we show that canonical (β-catenin-dependent) Wnt signaling is induced 4 days after experimental MI in subepicardial endothelial cells and perivascular smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive (SMA+) cells. At 1 week after ischemic injury, a large number of canonical-Wnt-positive cells accumulated in the infarct area during granulation tissue formation. Coincidently with canonical Wnt activation, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) was also triggered after MI. Using cell lineage tracing, we show that a significant portion of the canonical-Wnt-marked SMA+ mesenchymal cells is derived from endothelial cells. Canonical Wnt signaling induces mesenchymal characteristics in cultured endothelial cells, suggesting a direct role in EndMT. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that canonical Wnt activation and EndMT are molecular and cellular responses to MI and that canonical Wnt signaling activity is a characteristic property of EndMT-derived mesenchymal cells that take part in cardiac tissue repair after MI. These findings could lead to new strategies to improve the course of cardiac repair by temporal and cell-type-specific manipulation of canonical Wnt signaling.
Lower Life Satisfaction Related to Materialism in Children Frequently Exposed to Advertising

OBJECTIVE: Research among adults suggests that materialism and life satisfaction negatively influence each other, causing a downward spiral. So far, cross-sectional research among children has indicated that materialistic children are less happy, but causality remains uncertain. This study adds to the literature by investigating the longitudinal relation between materialism and life satisfaction. We also investigated whether their relation depended on children’s level of exposure to advertising. METHODS: A sample of 466 children (aged 8–11; 55% girls) participated in a 2-wave online survey with a 1-year interval. We asked children questions about material possessions, life satisfaction, and advertising. We used structural equation modeling to study the relationship between these variables. RESULTS: For the children in our sample, no effect of materialism on life satisfaction was observed. However, life satisfaction did have a negative effect on materialism. Exposure to advertising facilitated this effect: We only found an effect of life satisfaction on materialism for children who were frequently exposed to advertising. CONCLUSIONS: Among 8- to 11-year-old children, life satisfaction leads to decreased materialism and not the other way around. However, this effect only holds for children who are frequently exposed to television advertising. It is plausible that the material values portrayed in advertising teach children that material possessions are a way to cope with decreased life satisfaction. It is important to reduce this effect, because findings among adults suggest that materialistic children may become less happy later in life. Various intervention strategies are discussed.
Indirect self-destructiveness in homosexual individuals.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to comprehensively examine the syndrome of indirect self-destructiveness in homosexual individuals. METHODS 156 homosexual individuals (111 males, 45 females) aged 25-35 (mean age of 29.6) and 561 heterosexual individuals (400 males, 161 females) aged 24-36 (mean age of 28.2) were studied with regard to indirect self-destructiveness. The research instrument was the Polish version of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CS-DS) including: Transgression and Risk (A1), Poor Health Maintenance (A2), Personal and Social Neglects (A3), Lack of Planfulness (A4) and Helplessness and Passiveness in the face of problems (A5). RESULTS Homosexual individuals obtained significantly higher scores than heterosexual ones in numerous scales: Indirect Self-Destructiveness - global (general) index (p<0.001), A1-Transgression and Risk (p<0.001), A4-Lack of Planfulness (p<0.001) and A5-Helplessness, Passiveness (p=0.04) There were no significant differences in the Poor Health Maintenance scale (A2). They also achieved significantly higher scores in the subscales assessing using of psychoactive substances. Factor analysis revealed the presence of only one factor both in the group of homosexual and heterosexual individuals. CONCLUSIONS The research results indicate that, as compared with the group of heterosexual individuals, in the group of homosexuals there occurs a worsening in psychological functioning, which may be also manifested by an increased indirect self-destructiveness index. The increased intensity of indirect self-destructiveness in homosexual individuals may be considered a manifestation of worsened psychological functioning. The homosexual individuals look after their health similarly to heterosexuals.
Back to the future: synaesthesia could be due to associative learning

Over the last century, researchers and laypeople alike have been captivated by synaesthesia—a developmental condition present in approximately 5% of the adult population, where the presentation of an “inducer” stimulus gives rise to additional “concurrent” sensation absent from the veridical sensory world (Ward, 2013). For example, the most common variant is grapheme-color synaesthesia, where letters and digits induce concurrent sensations of color (Day, 2005). Early theories proposed that synaesthesia resulted from associative learning between the inducer and concurrent sensory representations (Calkins, 1893; Claparede, 1903). Specifically, the inducer and concurrent stimuli have been present in a correlated, or “contingent,” fashion in the synaesthete's environment; hence presentation of the inducer alone now activates the representation of the concurrent. However, these theories have been widely rejected. A range of structural and functional mechanisms are proposed by contemporary theorists, including hyperconnectivity between brain regions (Hubbard and Ramachandran, 2005) and feedback disinhibition (Grossenbacher and Lovelace, 2001), but all are united in the assertion that “associative learning in and of itself cannot explain synaesthesia” (Marks and Odgaard, 2005). Given recent evidence consistent with learning explanations of synaesthesia, we consider here whether the associative account may have been dismissed prematurely. We suggest that common objections to this account may be rooted in misunderstandings about what it would predict. We consider these objections in turn, highlighting how they are easily countered by contemporary learning theory. The objections are that synaesthetic experiences (1) do not reflect environmental statistics, (2) remain consistent over time, (3) cannot be trained into neurotypicals, and (4) are domain-specific. We close by describing the types of experiment that would provide the associative account of synaesthesia with the rigorous empirical assessment it deserves.
Caenorhabditis elegans as a platform to study the mechanism of action of synthetic antitumor lipids

Drugs capable of specifically recognizing and killing cancer cells while sparing healthy cells are of great interest in anti-cancer therapy. An example of such a drug is edelfosine, the prototype molecule of a family of synthetic lipids collectively known as antitumor lipids (ATLs). A better understanding of the selectivity and the mechanism of action of these compounds would lead to better anticancer treatments. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we modeled key features of the ATL selectivity against cancer cells. Edelfosine induced a selective and direct killing action on C. elegans embryos, which was dependent on cholesterol, without affecting adult worms and larvae. Distinct ATLs ranked differently in their embryonic lethal effect with edelfosine > perifosine > erucylphosphocholine >> miltefosine. Following a biased screening of 57 C. elegans mutants we found that inactivation of components of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway led to resistance against the ATL edelfosine in both C. elegans and human tumor cells. This paper shows that C. elegans can be used as a rapid platform to facilitate ATL research and to further understand the mechanism of action of edelfosine and other synthetic ATLs.