Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Domains of Unprofessional Behavior During Medical School Associated with Future Disciplinary Action by a State Medical Board

Background In a previous study, we showed that unprofessional behavior in medical school was associated with subsequent disciplinary action. This study expands on that work by identifying the domains of unprofessional behavior that are most problematic. Method In this retrospective case-control study, negative comments were extracted from student files for 68 case (disciplined) and 196 matched control (nondisciplined) physicians. Comments were analyzed qualitatively and subsequently quantified. The relationship between domains of behavior and disciplinary action was established through chi-square tests and multivariate analysis of variance. Results Three domains of unprofessional behavior emerged that were related significantly to later disciplinary outcome: (1) poor reliability and responsibility, (2) lack of self-improvement and adaptability, and (3) poor initiative and motivation. Conclusions Three critical domains of professionalism associated with future disciplinary action have been defined. These findings could lead to focused remediation strategies and policy decisions.
Comparing Ethical and Epistemic Standards for Investigative Journalists and Equity-Oriented Collaborative Community-Based Researchers: Why Working for a University Matters

Criticisms of IRBs are proliferating. In response, we compare the ethical and epistemic standards of two closely related forms of inquiry, investigative journalism and equity-oriented collaborative community-based research (EOCCBR). We argue that a university affiliation justifies formal ethical review of research and suggest how institutionalized research ethics might better serve EOCCBR. Our comparative analysis also sheds light on the public role of universities by underscoring what is morally relevant about being a university-affiliated researcher.
Child-to-Parent Transfer of Environmental Ideology in Costa Rican Families: An Ethnographic Case Study

Abstract In this study, the authors examined the transfer of environmental information and ideologies from Costa Rican children to their parents. Ethnographic data were collected in two school districts in Costa Rica's Central Valley through (1) interviews with teachers, sixth grade children, and parents; (2) a field pretest-post-test of parents for specific environmental knowledge, which their children were taught in school; and (3) participant observation of families, schools, and communities. The data revealed that although environmental information may be transferred in some families and conditions, this transfer is generally rare and situation-specific, and environmental educators should not assume that adults are routinely reached by information presented to children. The authors recommend that more emphasis be placed on nonformal environmental education programs that target adults. They also suggest ways to increase the likelihood that adults are exposed to environmental information presented to ch.
Outcome of fetal pyelectasis diagnosed antenatally

Renal pelvis dilatation is a common anomaly detected at the 20-week anomaly scan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postnatal outcome of fetal pyelectasis in an unselected obstetric population. This was a retrospective study of fetal pyelectasis detected at midtrimester anomaly scan. Fetal pyelectasis was classified as mild if the anteroposterior renal pelvis diameter measured > 5mm- ≤ 7mm, moderate > 7- < / = 10mm and severe as > 10mm. Persistant fetal pyelectasis was defined as > 7mm in the third trimester. Results: During the study period fetal pyelectasis was identified in 74 women. 6 were excluded, as case records were not available. Mild pyelectasis was identified in 38/67(56.7%), moderate pyelectasis in 20/67(29.8%)and severe pyelectasis in 9/67(13.4%). None of the infants in the mild pyelectasis subgroup required surgery. 3/29(10%) in the moderate and severe pyelectasis subgroup required postnatal surgery. Of the 38 with mild fetal pyelectasis 13.1% had a positive postnatal diagnosis out of which 7.9% had vesico-ureteric reflux, 2.6% renal dysplasia and 2.6% pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) stenoses. Conclusion: 74% of pregnancies in the mild pyelectasis subgroup demonstrated spontaneous resolution. However persistent mild pyelectasis may lead to postnatal morbidity and should be followed up.
Acoustic characterisation of bycatch mitigation pingers on shark control nets in Queensland, Australia

The Queensland Shark Control Program (QSCP) uses pingers to prevent marine mammal entanglement in shark control nets along public beaches, in Queensland, Australia. Acoustic emissions of Fumunda F3 (designed for humpback whales) and F10 pingers (designed for dolphins) were measured and characterised. The acoustic signals consisted of tones (3 and 10 kHz, respectively) and harmonic overtones emitted for about 400 ms every 5 to 6 s. Directivity was more pronounced for the overtones. Broadband source levels were up to 135 dB re 1 µPa at 1 m for all pingers at all angles. Ambient noise was recorded in the vicinity of shark nets for 3 wk each quar- ter of 1 yr. Fish choruses, migrating humpback whales, dolphins, snapping shrimp, boats, sand- pumps, wind and wave noise were identified. Beyond 1.5 km, pingers no longer contributed sig- nificantly to the ambient noise budget. Sound propagation was modelled to relate received pinger tones to measured ambient levels and to estimate the potential detection of pingers by local mar- ine mammals (humpback whales, dugongs, dolphins). Mean transmitted levels were predicted to be audible over up to a few 100 m in range (depending on species). With currently 3 to 4 pingers per shark net of 200 m length, existing pinger type and arrangement were modelled to be ade- quate, even for marine mammals swimming straight at a net at top speed. Additional behavioural studies or long-term monitoring are needed to determine pinger efficacy.
Lactate Dehydrogenase in Testis: Dissociation and Recombination of Subunits

Electrophoretic resolution of lactate dehydrogenase in mature testes from a variety of animals revealed one or more unusual isozymes in addition to the usual five forms. Dissociation of the enzyme and recombination of the polypeptide subunits led to the formation of new isozymes and to a redistribution of activity among those normally present, indicating that lactate dehydrogenase synthesis in postpubertal testis is controlled by more than two genes.
Combined ligation and sclerotherapy versus ligation alone for secondary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVES:Variceal ligation has been shown to be superior to sclerotherapy in prevention of rebleeding and improving survival in patients with cirrhosis. However, 25% of patients will rebleed before completion of treatment. A number of trials have compared the combination of ligation and sclerotherapy to ligation alone in achieving rapid and complete eradication of esophageal varices, with conflicting results.METHODS:Two reviewers independently identified seven randomized, controlled trials that compared endoscopic variceal ligation with the combination of sclerotherapy and ligation for the treatment of esophageal varices. Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, reviewing references from retrieved articles, and scanning abstracts from conference proceedings. For each outcome, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using fixed-effects and random-effects models. The Mantel-Haenszel test for statistical heterogeneity was used to assess the validity of combining results from individual studies.RESULTS:No significant difference was seen in cessation of actively bleeding varices (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.43–2.36), variceal rebleeding (OR = 1.12, CI = 0.69–1.81), and mortality (OR = 1.1, CI = 0.70–1.74) in patients with variceal ligation versus patients receiving the combination treatment of ligation and sclerotherapy. Treatment sessions required to achieve complete variceal eradication were similar in the two treatment arms. A significantly higher incidence of esophageal stricture was seen in combination therapy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:The combination of ligation and sclerotherapy offers no advantage over ligation alone in prevention of rebleeding and in reduction of mortality. It is also associated with a higher complication rate of esophageal stricture.
Computational methods for simulating soil parameters using electrical resistivity technique

Landslides are environmental disasters that are threat to human life. According to the recent surveys, almost 80% of landslides in India are induced by heavy rainfalls. Heavy rainfall triggers dynamic changes in soil moisture content and pore water pressure, which contributes for slope instability. Therefore monitoring these parameters in large scale is required for providing early-warning of rainfall induced landslides. However, with the current techniques huge cost is involved in monitoring these vital parameters over a large scale. In this paper, we discusses about Electrical resistivity technique, one of the prominent and low cost method used for monitoring soil moisture content over a large scale. Electrical Resistivity (ER) experiments were conducted to observe the credibility of the existing computational methods for simulating soil moisture content from the electrical resistivity measurements of the soil. Regression equations are found from these computational methods to better approximate the soil moisture values from ER measurements. The uncertainty associated with these computational methods were checked using the actual moisture values from the moisture sensor. The regression equations obtained from this experiment can thus be used for simulating moisture values over a large scale in the Munnar landslide prone area if ER measurements are done.
FACILITATION OF GAZE-TRIGGERED ATTENTION ORIENTING BY A FEARFUL EXPRESSION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ANXIETY

Previous studies have suggested that emotional facial expression has a facilitative effect on attention orienting by gaze cues depending on the anxiety level; however, evidence has been inconclusive. We investigated this issue by presenting fearful and neutral faces with straight, right, and left gaze as cues. Forty-six healthy participants were asked to detect a peripheral target following the cue. After the experiment, their state and trait anxiety levels were evaluated. The reaction time under the valid condition was shorter for fearful than for neutral faces only in the high state anxiety group. Regression analyses showed a positive relationship between the effect of attention orienting by fearful gaze and state anxiety. These results indicate that fearful gaze facilitates attention orienting compared to neutral gaze as participants’ state anxiety levels increase.
Supported employment improves cognitive performance in adults with Autism.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a supported employment programme on measures of executive functions for 44 adults with autism, assessed at the beginning and the end of the programme period. The average length of time of the community employment was 30 months. METHODS Based on their predominant work activity over the study period, participants were classified into two groups: supported employment and unemployed. At the start of the programme, the groups did not differ on any of the cognitive measures. RESULTS Repeated measures analysis of variance (anova) demonstrated that by the end of the programme, the supported employment group showed higher scores for executive functions on variables of CANTAB (Spatial Span Task--span length recalled; Spatial Working Memory Task--strategy; Planning task 'Stockings of Cambridge'--problems solved in minimum moves; Planning task 'Stockings of Cambridge'--mean planning time) and other tasks such as Trail Making Test - part B, time; Matching Familiar Figures (first answer and errors). In contrast, the unemployed group showed no change over time in their cognitive performance. CONCLUSION Results of this study suggested that vocational rehabilitation programmes have a beneficial impact upon cognitive performance in people with autism.
The Lockerbie disaster: A 3‐Year follow‐up of elderly victims

The long‐term outcome of a civilian disaster is examined in an elderly population assessed originally for medicolegal purposes. Thirty‐one elderly inhabitants of the village of Lockerbie, who had survived the Lockerbie air disaster, were assessed 1 year after the event. Nineteen of the sample were available for reexamination 2 years later. Although there was a significant reduction in the incidence of PTSD and significant improvement across a range of anxiety‐based symptoms, 15.7% of the subjects continued to fulfil diagnostic criteria (DSM‐III‐R) for PTSD. In these subjects, there was a persistence of other anxiety‐related symptoms and of major depression (DSM‐III‐R). This is the only longitudinal assessment of PTSD in elderly subjects and it shows that, as with younger subjects, PTSD tends to persist for at least 2 years after the traumatic event and, for a substantial minority, has still not remitted within 3 years of the traumatic event.
Long-term Follow-up After Surgery for Simple and Complex Cryptoglandular Fistulas: Fecal Incontinence and Impact on Quality of Life

BACKGROUND: Surgical management of cryptoglandular fistulas is a challenge because the consequences of anal surgery potentially include fecal incontinence and impaired quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with fecal incontinence after surgery for simple and complex cryptoglandular fistulas and to determine the impact of incontinence on quality of life. DESIGN: The design is retrospective and cross-sectional. SETTINGS: This study was conducted at an academic tertiary center and at a private center specializing in proctologic surgery. PATIENTS: All patients who underwent preoperative endoanal ultrasound for cryptoglandular fistula between 2002 and 2012. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A questionnaire was sent out in October 2013 to evaluate incontinence (Wexner-score) and its impact on quality of life (FIQL). Variables tested for association were patient demographics, fistula type, number of incised abscesses (0, 1, >1), number of fistulotomies (0, 1, >1) and number of sphincter-sparing procedures (0, 1, >1). RESULTS: Of the 141 patients participating, 116 (82%; 76 men, 40 women) returned all the questionnaires. Median follow-up from the first perianal fistula surgery was 7.8 years (range, 2.1–18.1 years). Thirty-nine patients (34%) experienced incontinence. Surgical fistulotomy, multiple abscess drainages and a high transsphincteric or suprasphincteric fistula tract were associated with incontinence. As compared to simple fistula (Wexner score, 1.2 [SD, 2.1]), incontinence was worse after surgery for complex fistula (Wexner score, 4.7 [SD, 6.2], p = 0.001), as were quality of life elements, including lifestyle (p = 0.030), depression (p = 0.077) and embarrassment (p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: Mainly retrospective design without a standardized treatment protocol. CONCLUSION: Surgical fistulotomy is the strongest risk factor for fecal incontinence. The severity of incontinence increases with the complexity of the fistula, negatively influencing quality of life. Special attention should be paid to these patients so as to mitigate symptoms later in life. A shift to sphincter-sparing procedures appears warranted.
Changing Times: Work and Leisure in Postindustrial Society

Time allocation, whether considered at the level of the individual or of the society, is a major focus of public concern. Are our lives more congested with work than they used to be? Is society polarizing into groups which, on one side, have too much work and too little leisure time to spend their money in, and on the other have no paid work, and hence no money to pay for the goods and services they might wish to use during their leisure? Has the recent convergence in men's and women's labour market roles led to an unfair distribution of the totals of paid plus unpaid work? These issues, and others similar, once the preserve of a few specialist sociologists and economists, now appear daily and prominently across the news and entertainment media. Yet there is surprisingly little substantive evidence of how individuals and societies spend their time, and of how this has changed in the developed world over the recent past. This book brings together, for the first time, data gathered in some forty national scale 'time-diary' studies, from twenty countries, and covering the last third of the twentieth century. It examines the newly emerging political economy of time, in the light of new estimates of how time is actually spent, and of how this has changed, in the developed world.
Teachers' workplace learning : towards legitimation and accreditation

Abstract This article aims to show how a better understanding of teachers’ workplace learning might lead to increased recognition as a form of professional development and to universities and other professional bodies giving credit for such learning. Teachers’ workplace learning is viewed as a significant component of the overall professional development of teachers. The article includes a case study of workplace learning and concludes by indicating ways that teachers can develop a portfolio of their workplace learning for assessment by universities.
Predictors of a viral response and subsequent virological treatment failure in patients with HIV starting a protease inhibitor

Objectives:To investigate the factors related to viral load becoming undetectable among patients from Southern Alberta who started a protease inhibitor for the first time, and to determine the factors related to subsequent re-emergence of detectable viral load amongst those patients whose viral load initially became undetectable. Subjects and methods:A total of 243 patients from the Southern Alberta Clinic had started a protease inhibitor for the first time and had been followed up for a median time of 32 weeks. Standard survival techniques including Kaplan-Meier techniques and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine which factors were related to viral load becoming undetectable. Results:At 24 weeks after first exposure to a protease inhibitor, 52.8% of the patients [95% confidence interval (CI), 45.2–56.6] had achieved an undetectable viral load. In a multivariate analysis, those with a higher initial viral load were less likely to become undetectable [relative hazard (RH), 0.50; 95% CI, 0.35–0.70; P < 0.0001], whereas those starting more new drugs (RH per new drug, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.01–2.11; P = 0.048) were significantly more likely to achieve an undetectable viral load. Amongst 111 patients whose viral load became undetectable, Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that 15.5% of patients experienced re-emergence of detectable viral load at 24 weeks after the first undetectable viral load. A higher CD4 cell count was associated with a lower risk of viral load becoming detectable (RH, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.53–1.00; P = 0.049), as was treatment with indinavir (versus any other protease inhibitor RH, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03–0.86; P = 0.033). Conclusions:A significant proportion of patients in a routine clinic setting achieved an undetectable viral load measurement after first starting a protease inhibitor; viral load in patients with a higher CD4 cell count was more likely to become and stay undetectable. There was no evidence that patients who were drug-naive experienced significantly worse virological effects than drug-experienced patients, as long as the same number of new drugs was started at the date of first exposure to a protease inhibitor. Further follow-up of these patients is warranted to study the longer term effects of treatment with protease inhibitors.
Food reputation impacts on consumer's food choice

Purpose – Reputation is conceptualised as the believed effects that any social agent (ranging from a person to a company to a country) can have. Food reputation is beliefs about the effects of food on its consumers. On the basis of a multidimensional construct for food reputation derived from qualitative and correlational studies, this paper aims to test four hypotheses about food reputation dimensions' effects on consumers' food choices.Design/methodology/approach – A multi‐attribute, multi‐step choice experiment was carried out using a “phased narrowing” procedure. The procedure is based on eight product choices, using four reputation dimensions as manipulated attributes (duration, identity‐territoriality, social and environmental responsibility, psycho‐physiological well‐being); this is replicated on one drink and one food product.Findings – A pilot study (n=50) checked the manipulation of the four reputation dimensions. ANOVA (n=118) showed the impact of the manipulated reputation features in the food.
Outcomes and risk factors for heart transplantation in children with end-stage cardiomyopathy†.

OBJECTIVES Heart transplantation (HT) is the treatment of choice in children with end-stage cardiomyopathy. Several clinical, morphological, demographic, donor and recipient transplant factors have been demonstrated to affect survival in those patients following listing for HT and following HT. We aim to report our single institution results of HT in children with cardiomyopathy, and explore variables affecting survival and the need for heart retransplantation (RHT). METHODS Between 1988 and 2013, 125 children with cardiomyopathy underwent HT. Competing risks analysis modelled events after HT (RHT, death without RHT). Multivariable regression analysis examined risk factors affecting outcomes and parametric models were used to compare survival between diverse groups of patients. RESULTS There were 62 males (50%). Cardiomyopathy types were dilated (n = 104, 83%), restrictive (n = 10, 8%), chemotherapy-induced (n = 7, 6%), and other (n = 4, 3%). Median age at listing was 6.9 years and median age at HT was 7.0 years with median waiting list duration of 29 days. Thirty-four patients were infants <1 year. At time of HT, 106 patients (85%) were at United Network for Organ Sharing status-1, 25 (20%) were ventilated and 17 (14%) had mechanical circulatory support. There was 1 operative death. Competing risks analysis showed that at 10 years following HT, 10% of patients have undergone RHT, 32% have died without RHT and 58% of patients were alive without RHT. On multivariable analysis, risk factors for death following HT were panel-reactive antibodies >10% {hazard ratio [HR]: 4.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7-9.9], P = 0.002}, age group >10 years [HR: 3.2 (95% CI: 1.4-8.1), P = 0.009] and pre-HT mechanical circulatory support [HR: 2.9 (95% CI: 1.1-7.7), P = 0.033]. Additionally, earlier era <2000 was a significant risk factor for early phase mortality [HR: 8.7 (95% CI: 1.8-42.5), P = 0.017] but not for constant or late phase mortality [HR: 0.8 (95% CI 0.3-1.8), P = 0.6]. Following RHT, 6/11 (55%) expired yielding overall parametric survival estimates of 92, 77 and 57% at 1, 5 and 15 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite remarkable improvement in operative mortality and 1-year survival of children undergoing HT for cardiomyopathy in the current era, that advantage is reduced at the later follow-up, especially in teenagers indicating ongoing compliance and chronic management challenges. In children requiring pre-HT mechanical support, mid-term attrition is higher despite low operative mortality.