Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Report on Self-Rated Health in a Nationally-Representative Sample of Iranian Adolescents: The CASPIAN-iii study

Objective: To evaluate predictive factors of adolescents’ appraisal of their health. Methods: The nationwide study, entitled “Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable Diseases (CASPIAN) study”, was conducted in 2010 among Iranian school students, aged 10-18. In addition to demographic factors and physical examination, variables as family structure, nutrition habits, physical activity, smoking, hygienic habits, violence, school attachment, family smoking, and family history of chronic diseases were assessed. The dependent variable is the self-rated health (SRH) and it was measured by 12 items, which had already been combined through latent class analysis. We had taken a dichotomous variable, i.e. the higher values indicate better SRH. The dependent variable was regressed on all predictors by generalized additive models. Results: 75% of adolescents had a good SRH. The linear and smooth effects of independent variables on SRH were observed. Among all the variables, physical activity had a positive linear effect on SRH (β = 0.08, P value = 0.003). Smoking, violence, and family history of disease associated to SRH non-linearly (P value < 0.05). Family smoking (β = −0.01) and hygienic habits (β = 0.27) related to SRH both linearly and non-linearly. Conclusions: Physical health and high risk behavior, either of linear or non-linear effect, are factors, which seem to shape the adolescents’ perception of health.
Population Dynamics of CD4+ T Cells Lacking Thy‐1 in Murine Retrovirus‐Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome (MAIDS)

Increased numbers of CD4+ Thy‐1 cells have been described in the spleen (SP) of mice with retrovirusinduced immunodeliciency (MAIDS). Since this phenotypic abnormality might have considerable functional importance, the expansion of the CD4+ Thy‐1 subset in MAIDS was characterized further. CD4+ Thy‐1− and Thy‐1+ T‐cell is from infected mice expressed similar densities of CD3 and TCR γ/β. In contrast, the Thy‐I− subset was uniformly CD44hi, even early in the disease when part of Thy‐I+ cells were still CD4410. The emergence of CD4+ Thy‐1−cells occurred first in SP and lymph nodes and was observed later in thymus. The important fraction ofCD4+ cells lacking Thy‐1 normally present in Peyer's patches was only weakly modified. Despite the major expansion of the CD4+ Thy‐1− phenotype. the proliferating fraction was not higher in this subset than in CD4+ Thy‐1+ cells from infeeted miee. Persistence after hydroxyurea administration was identical in both subsets, indicating similar mean cell lifespans. Taken together, these results show that the major expansion of CD4+ Thy‐I− T‐cells in MAIDS is not ascribable solely to increased proliferation within this subset. Phenotypic analysis suggests that CD4+ Thy‐I− cells result from the differentiation of Thy‐I+ cells induced by activation signals related to retroviral infection.
Building predictors from vertically distributed data

Due in part to the large volume of data available today, but more importantly to privacy concerns, data are often distributed across institutional, geographical and organizational boundaries rather than being stored in a centralized location. Data can be distributed by separating objects or attributes: in the homogeneous case, sites contain subsets of objects with all attributes, while in the heterogeneous case sites contain subsets of attributes for all objects. Ensemble approaches combine the results obtained from a number of classifiers to obtain a final classification. In this paper, we present a novel ensemble approach, in which data is partitioned by attributes. We show that this method can successfully be applied to a wide range of data and can even produce an increase in classification accuracy compared to a centralized technique. As an ensemble approach, our technique exchanges models or classification results instead of raw data, which makes it suitable for privacy preserving data mining. In addition, both final model size and runtime are typically reduced compared to a centralized model. The proposed technique is evaluated using a decision tree, a variety of datasets, and several voting schemes. This approach is suitable for physically distributed data as well as privacy preserving data mining.
Physicians Should Provide Shared Decision-Making for Anti-TNF Therapy to Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients

Shared decision-making may increase the effectiveness of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment, as different anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) administrations may have different effects on the quality of life (QOL). Patient preference is integral to the selection of anti-TNFs and their routes of administration, however, previous studies on the patient preference to anti-TNFs are inconsistent and limited. We evaluated the predictive factors for preferences to anti-TNF administrations in IBD patients between March and August in 2015. Consecutive adult IBD patients who received care at one of four university hospitals in Korea were invited to participate in this study. Patients were administered questionnaires about their preferences regarding anti-TNF therapy and QOL. During the study period, 322 IBD patients completed the questionnaires. IBD patients preferred intravenous anti-TNFs to subcutaneous anti-TNFs (2.4:1), and 58.4% of patients preferred shared decision-making. When comparing subcutaneous anti-TNF therapy with intravenous anti-TNF therapy, patients with higher income levels, patients who experienced adverse events with prior medication and patients with a longer disease duration preferred subcutaneous anti-TNF therapy over intravenous anti-TNF therapy (P = 0.043, P = 0.000, and P = 0.029, respectively). In a logistic regression analysis, high income level (odds ratio [OR] 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–3.5; P = 0.026) and an adverse event with prior medication (OR 4.0; 95% CI 2.2–7.2; P = 0.000) and were found to be independent predictors for preference to subcutaneous anti-TNF therapy. Therefore, physicians should share decision-making with their IBD patients regarding the mode of anti-TNF administration.
The Influence of the Israel-Arab Conflict on Israeli-Jewish Students Learning Arabic as a Third Language.

The attitudes of 100 Israeli-Jewish students toward learning Arabic and coexistence with Arabs within Israel were investigated, as was their evaluation of characters they read about in familiar and unfamiliar texts. The students were found to possess low instrumental and low indoors integrative motivation, but their army service motivation and outdoors integrative motivation were high.Further, they were interested in reading the familiar text, and their understanding of it was higher than their understanding in the unfamiliar text. They evaluated the Prophet Mohammed significantly more positively than the British character.
Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders in 8,169 male Vietnam War era veterans.

OBJECTIVE This study reports the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among a nationally distributed sample of Vietnam Era veterans assessed using standardized psychiatric interviewing methods. METHODS In 1992, the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule was administered by telephone to 8,169 middle-aged males who served in the military during the Vietnam era (1965-1975). RESULTS Approximately 72% of respondents reported a lifetime history and 36% reported a 12-month history of at least one psychiatric disorder. The most prevalent psychiatric disorders included alcohol abuse and/or dependence (54% lifetime, 17% 12 month), nicotine dependence (48% lifetime, 22% 12 month), and posttraumatic stress disorder (10% lifetime, 4.5% 12 month). CONCLUSIONS Because of possible participation bias, these results likely represent conservative estimates of psychiatric disorder prevalences among the more than eight million Vietnam Era veterans and reinforces the major public health challenge of preventing, identifying, and treating psychiatric illness in American veterans.
Biochemical and Immunological Characterization of the Major Envelope Glycoprotein gp69/71 and Degradation Fragments from Rauscher Leukemia Virus

Analysis of the proteins of Rauscher murine oncornavirus by immunoprecipitation showed that antiserum to the purified envelope glycoprotein of approximately 69,000 and 71,000 daltons (gp69/71) reacted as well with a number of other components of several murine oncornaviruses of approximately 45,000, 32,000, and 15,000 daltons. Polypeptides of similar size were also produced by limited proteolysis of purified gp69/71; these degradation fragments were shown to contain carbohydrate by the incorporation of 3H from sodium boro[3H]hydride after neuraminidase and galactose oxidase treatment. Each of these glycoproteins was isolated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was analyzed by tryptic peptide mapping. The major virion components of 69,000 and 71,000 daltons were nearly identical, as were the primary degradation fragments. Analysis of the immunological properties of the glycoproteins showed that the 71,000-, 69,000-, and 32,000-dalton glycoproteins behaved similarly with respect to type and group-specific antigenic determinants. In contrast, the 45,000-dalton glycoprotein lacked detectable interspecies and some of the group-specific reactivity. Components of about 45,000 and 32,000 daltons isolated directly from virions were also identified as constituents of the major envelope glycoprotein by immune precipitation and tryptic peptide mapping. These results indicate that all of the examined virion glycoproteins of approximately 71,000, 69,000, 45,000, and 32,000 daltons are derived from the same viral gene and that these lower-molecular-weight glycoproteins can readily be produced from the major envelope glycoprotein.
Quantile Regression Analysis and Other Alternatives to Ordinary Least Squares Regression

Data analyses by classical ordinary least squares (OLS) regression techniques often employ unrealistic assumptions, fail to recognize the source and nature of heterogeneity, and are vulnerable to extreme observations. Therefore, this article compares robust and non-robust M-estimator regressions in a statistical demonstration study. Data from the Erlangen-Nuremberg Development and Prevention Project are used to model risk factors for physical punishment by fathers of 485 elementary school children. The Corporal Punishment Scale of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire was the dependent variable. Fathers’ aggressiveness, dysfunctional parent-child relations, various other parenting characteristics, and socio-demographic variables served as predictors. Robustness diagnostics suggested the use of trimming procedures and outlier diagnostics suggested the use of robust estimators as an alternative to OLS. However, a quantile regression analysis provided more detailed insights beyond the measures of central tende.
Factorial Grothendieck Polynomials

In this paper, we study Grothendieck polynomials indexed by Grassmannian permutations from a combinatorial viewpoint. We introduce the factorial Grothendieck polynomials which are analogues of the factorial Schur functions, study their properties, and use them to produce a generalisation of a Littlewood-Richardson rule for Grothendieck polynomials.
What Do Reading Tutors Do? A Naturalistic Study of More and Less Experienced Tutors in Reading

Virtually every study of tutoring in reading has found it to be highly effective, but the reasons for its effectiveness are relatively unexplored. We built on a small body of research on the tutoring process in reading and a large body of research from other well-defined domains by collecting and analyzing verbal protocols from 3 more experienced and 3 less experienced volunteer tutors from preexisting dyads as they taught adults with decoding problems. It was found that more experienced tutors used significantly more cognitive scaffolding and significantly less motivational scaffolding than did less experienced tutors. Tutors were similar in their rates of question asking, content errors, and responses to student errors. We suggest some hypotheses for modeling in the design of a computer-based reading decoding tutor and for training human tutors who teach decoding.
False belief and emotion understanding in monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins and non-twin children

This study investigated the understanding of false belief and emotion in monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs compared to non-twin children. Aged 3;9 to 5;1 years, the children (N=123) were administered three false belief and three emotion understanding tasks. Age, family socioeconomic status, mother's level of education and language abilities were controlled. Results showed no difference between the three groups in false belief understanding. On emotion tasks, non-twin children and DZ twins did not differ from each other, but they both performed better than MZ twins. Results are discussed in terms of the Peterson's (2000) variety hypothesis and suggest that the affective closeness experienced by MZ twins might interfere with their understanding of others’ emotions.
Sexual function in diabetic women: A psychological perspective

Definitional inconsistencies and a narrow approach to assessing female sexual functioning have contributed to the conflicting literature on the impact of diabetes on women's sexual functioning. This study focused on psychological factors relevant to sexual functioning in subgroups of diabetic women aged 24 to 83 (18 type 1 and 25 type 2). Between-groups analysis indicated that when compared with type 1 diabetic women, type 2 women reported significantly less sexual preoccupation and lower overall sexual functioning scores, with significantly lower desire and enjoyment. These differences remained significant when age was controlled for. While psychological factors such as anxiety and adjustment to diabetes were significantly correlated with aspects of sexual functioning, only depression accounted for significant variance in overall sexual functioning scores. These findings are supported by data from semi-structured interviews with eight women. Factors including presence of diabetic complications, body mass index (BMI) and body satisfaction were not significantly correlated with sexual functioning. Interviews identified the experience of genitourinary infections (GUIs), such as thrush, as a particular concern to diabetic women that might interfere with their sexual functioning. The implications of these findings for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
The Nonkinase Phorbol Ester Receptor α1-Chimerin Binds the NMDA Receptor NR2A Subunit and Regulates Dendritic Spine Density

Abnormalities in dendritic spines have long been associated with cognitive dysfunction and neurodevelopmental delay, whereas rapid changes in spine shape underlie synaptic plasticity. The key regulators of cytoskeletal reorganization in dendrites and spines are the Rho GTPases, which modify actin polymerization in response to synaptic signaling. Rho GTPase activity is modulated by multiple regulatory proteins, some of which have been found to associate with proteins localized to spines. Here, we show that the nonkinase phorbol ester receptor α1-chimerin is present in dendrites and spines, where it binds to the NMDA receptor NR2A subunit in a phorbol ester-dependent manner. α1-Chimerin contains a GTPase activating (GAP) domain, with activity toward the Rho family member Rac1. Overexpression of α1-chimerin in cultured hippocampal neurons inhibits formation of new spines and removes existing spines. This reduction in spine density is mediated by Rac1 inhibition, because it depends critically on the presence of a functional GAP domain. Conversely, depletion of α1-chimerin leads to an increase in spine density, indicating that a basal inhibition of Rac1 maintains the number of spines at a submaximal level. The ability of α1-chimerin to modulate spine number requires an interaction with the NMDA receptor, because an α1-chimerin mutant that binds weakly to NR2A fails to decrease spine density. Together, these results suggest that α1-chimerin is able to modulate dendritic spine morphology by binding to synaptic NMDA receptors and locally inactivating Rac1.
Epidemiology of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus

The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has Ž been reported to be rising in the United States Blot et al., 1991, 1993; Zheng et al., 1993; Devesa et al., . 1998 and in several areas of Europe, including Ž . Ž Norway Hansen et al., 1997 , Denmark Moller, . Ž . 1992 , Sweden Hansson et al., 1993 , the West MidŽ lands and the Oxford area of England Harrison et . al., 1992; Powell and McConkey, 1992 , the Swiss Ž Canton of Vaud Levi et al., 1990a, 1998b; Levi and . La Vecchia, 1991 , as well as in New Zealand Ž . Armstrong and Borman, 1996 and Australia Ž . Thomas et al., 1996; Lord et al., 1998 . The upward trends were generally greater in males. Among White males in the US, the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus rose by over fourfold between the Ž . mid-1970s and the mid-1990s 3.2 100 000 males , surpassing squamous cell cancers in around 1990. The upward trend was greater among older males Ž . Devesa et al., 1998 . A similar rise in incidence was observed for adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia, too, and there are major difficulties and uncertainties in the classification of cancers arising at the Ž gastro-oesophageal junction Devesa et al., 1998; . Jankowski et al., 2000 . However, no clear increase in the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma was observed during the 1980s in males from the three French cancer registries, and some decline was observed for squaŽ mous cell cancer in Calvados Launoy et al., 1994; . Desoubeaux et al., 1999 , one of the areas with the highest oesophageal rates in France. Other areas showing no clear rise of adenocarcinomas of the oesophagus and gastric cardia in Europe were Basel, Switzerland, Iceland, Bas Rhin, France, southern Ž Ireland and Eindhoven, the Netherlands Botter. weck et al., 2000 . The incidence of squamous cell cancer declined in US White males after the midŽ 1970s, and in Black males after the mid-1980s De. vesa et al., 1998 . The widespread unfavourable trends for oesophageal adenocarcinoma have been related to a number of risk factors which are, at least in part, different from those of squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. Alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking, in fact, account for over 80% of squamous cell Ž oesophageal cancers in developed countries Negri
Rethinking childhood adversity in chronic fatigue syndrome

ABSTRACT Background: Previous studies have consistently shown increased rates of childhood adversity in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, such aetiopathogenic studies of CFS are potentially confounded by co-morbidity and misdiagnosis particularly with depression. Purpose: We examined the relationship between rates of childhood adversity using two complimentary approaches (1) a sample of CFS patients who had no lifetime history of depression and (2) a modelling approach. Methods: Childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) administered to a sample of 52 participants with chronic fatigue syndrome and 19 controls who did not meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder (confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV). Subsequently, Mediation Analysis (Baye’s Rules) was used to establish the risk childhood adversity poses for CFS with and without depression. Results: In a cohort of CFS patients with depression comprehensively excluded, CTQ scores were markedly lower than in all previous studies and, in contrast to these previous studies, not increased compared with healthy controls. Post-hoc analysis showed that CTQ scores correlated with the number of depressive symptoms during the lifetime worst period of low mood. The probability of developing CFS given a history of childhood trauma is 4%, a two-fold increased risk compared to the general population. However, much of this risk is mediated by the concomitant development of major depression. Conclusions: The data suggests that previous studies showing a relationship between childhood adversity and CFS may be attributable to the confounding effects of co-morbid or misdiagnosed depressive disorder. Abbreviations: CFS: Chronic fatigue syndrome; CTQ: Childhood trauma questionnaire; MDD: Major depressive disorder; CA: Childhood adversity; P: Probability
Other‐Centered Behavior and The Dialectics of Self and Other

The social sciences in general and consumer research in particular have been detrimentally hampered by the presumption of self‐interest as an exclusive foundation of human behavior. As a result, conduct that fails to conform to the self‐interest paradigm has often been ignored, or worse, grossly twisted to fit the dominant categorizations. This article attempts to revisit the self‐interest assumption and renegotiate the subsequent interpretations of other‐centered behavior. An open dialogue concerning these pressing issues involves investigating the fundamental conceptions of self, other, and identity. Such a discussion enables a critical review of existing consumer research of other‐centered behavior and invites new lines of consumer research. More important, it compels one to openly consider the place of self/other relationship in contemporary consumer culture(s).
Waterborne Pathogens: Detection Methods and Challenges

Waterborne pathogens and related diseases are a major public health concern worldwide, not only by the morbidity and mortality that they cause, but by the high cost that represents their prevention and treatment. These diseases are directly related to environmental deterioration and pollution. Despite the continued efforts to maintain water safety, waterborne outbreaks are still reported globally. Proper assessment of pathogens on water and water quality monitoring are key factors for decision-making regarding water distribution systems’ infrastructure, the choice of best water treatment and prevention waterborne outbreaks. Powerful, sensitive and reproducible diagnostic tools are developed to monitor pathogen contamination in water and be able to detect not only cultivable pathogens but also to detect the occurrence of viable but non-culturable microorganisms as well as the presence of pathogens on biofilms. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is a helpful tool to evaluate the scenarios for pathogen contamination that involve surveillance, detection methods, analysis and decision-making. This review aims to present a research outlook on waterborne outbreaks that have occurred in recent years. This review also focuses in the main molecular techniques for detection of waterborne pathogens and the use of QMRA approach to protect public health.