Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emplacement age of the Songshugou ultramafic massif in the Qinling orogenic belt, and geologic implications

The Songshugou ultramafic massif is located to the north of the Shang‐Dan fault, the Palaeozoic suture between the North and South China blocks. It is the largest Apline‐type ultramafic body in the Qinling orogenic belt of central China, consisting mainly of dunite with a small amount of harzburgite and minor pyroxenite. We present new LA‐ICP‐MS U−Pb dating and trace element results for zircon from two garnet amphibolite samples in the contact metamorphic zone surrounding the massif. One was sampled ∼1 m from the massif, the other ∼5 m away. The studied zircon grains are small, anhedral, and display typical metamorphic characteristics of low Th/U values (<0.1). The U and Th concentrations of zircon range from several hundred ppm to less than 10 ppm. Cathodoluminescence images show two apparent generations of zircon, with lighter cores and darker rims. Core and rim ages however, are identical within error. These two samples yield identical concordant ages of 506±7 and 510±7 Ma, suggesting that the Songshugou ultramafic massif was emplaced at ∼510 Ma. Low HREE concentrations and the absence of Eu anomalies in most analysed zircons suggest that the studied grains most likely formed during garnet amphibolite metamorphism induced by emplacement of the ultramafic massif. To better understand the cooling history of the massif, 40Ar/39Ar ages of amphibole from three garnet amphibolite specimens in the contact metamorphic zone and one amphobolite sample about 20 m away from the massif were determined. The 40Ar/39Ar ages increase from 372±15 Ma (JSM‐01) near the massif to disturbed, unreliable ‘plateau’ ages of 474±8 Ma (JSM‐03) and 781±146 Ma (JSM‐04) with increasing distance from the ultramafic massif, showing limited heating during exhumation of the massif, followed by slow cooling. Therefore, the Songshugou ultramafic massif does not reflect the Jining orogeny at ∼1 Ga. Instead, it was emplaced into the Proterozoic, Qinling Group during the Palaeozoic, probably due to the subduction along the Shang‐Dan fault.
Progranulin functions as a neurotrophic factor to regulate neurite outgrowth and enhance neuronal survival

Recently, mutations in the progranulin (PGRN) gene were found to cause familial and apparently sporadic frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTLD). Moreover, missense changes in PGRN were identified in patients with motor neuron degeneration, a condition that is related to FTLD. Most mutations identified in patients with FTLD until now have been null mutations. However, it remains unknown whether PGRN protein levels are reduced in the central nervous system from such patients. The effects of PGRN on neurons also remain to be established. We report that PGRN levels are reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid from FTLD patients carrying a PGRN mutation. We observe that PGRN and GRN E (one of the proteolytic fragments of PGRN) promote neuronal survival and enhance neurite outgrowth in cultured neurons. These results demonstrate that PGRN/GRN is a neurotrophic factor with activities that may be involved in the development of the nervous system and in neurodegeneration.
Bioavailability of minerals in legumes

The mineral content of legumes is generally high, but the bioavailability is poor due to the presence of phytate, which is a main inhibitor of Fe and Zn absorption. Some legumes also contain considerable amounts of Fe-binding polyphenols inhibiting Fe absorption. Furthermore, soya protein per se has an inhibiting effect on Fe absorption. Efficient removal of phytate, and probably also polyphenols, can be obtained by enzymatic degradation during food processing, either by increasing the activity of the naturally occurring plant phytases and polyphenol degrading enzymes, or by addition of enzyme preparations. Biological food processing techniques that increase the activity of the native enzymes are soaking, germination, hydrothermal treatment and fermentation. Food processing can be optimized towards highest phytate degradation provided that the optimal conditions for phytase activity in the plant is known. In contrast to cereals, some legumes have highest phytate degradation at neutral or alkaline pH. Addition of microbial enzyme preparations seems to be the most efficient for complete degradation during processing. Fe and Zn absorption have been shown to be low from legume-based diets. It has also been demonstrated that nutritional Fe deficiency reaches its greatest prevalence in populations subsisting on cereal- and legume-based diets. However, in a balanced diet containing animal protein a high intake of legumes is not considered a risk in terms of mineral supply. Furthermore, once phytate, and in certain legumes polyphenols, is degraded, legumes would become good sources of Fe and Zn as the content of these minerals is high.
A reference material for traceability of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) results

Abstract Standardization of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) determination is highly desirable for inter-laboratory comparison. Serum AST mean values for 20 patients suffering from viral hepatitis showed an inter-laboratory (n=13) variation of 9.4%. Part of this variation was due to two laboratories using procedures without pyridoxal-5′-phosphate. A traceable AST value was assigned to an enzyme calibrator (EC) through the appropriate International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) primary reference procedure. The EC was commutable for seven routine methods. Common calibration using the EC reduced the inter-laboratory coefficient of variation (CV=5.9% ) and allowed retention of a common reference interval for a set of routine procedures. Calibration made superfluous the expression of results in multiples of the upper reference limit, which increased inter-laboratory variation (CV=18.5%). Furthermore, for 92% of patients, calibration with the EC allowed the correction of misclassifications when taking into account the reference interval of the reference procedure. Use of this EC could be proposed to complete the AST reference system.
A 32 $\times$ 32 ISFET Chemical Sensing Array With Integrated Trapped Charge and Gain Compensation

This paper presents a CMOS-based <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$32\times 32$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) system-on-chip for real-time ion imaging. Fabricated in an unmodified 0.35-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS technology, the ISFET sensor array is based on a pixel topology, which uses capacitive feedback to improve signal attenuation due to passivation capacitance and a low-leakage floating-gate reset followed by a digital correlated double sampling to robustly remove unwanted trapped charge-induced dc offset. An automatic gain calibration (AGC) is used to perform real-time calibration and guarantee all sensors that have the same gain with a 99% accuracy, and combining all these mechanisms guarantees an average pixel voltage variation of 14.3 mV after gain is applied when measured over multiple dies. The full array is experimentally shown to be capable of real-time ion imaging of pH, with an intrinsic sensitivity of 39.6mV/pH and a scan rate of 9.3 frames/s when running the AGC, with a total power consumption of 10.2 mW.
Identification and significance of tephras encountered in a core from Mary Lake, Yoho National Park, British Columbia

Mary Lake is a small, subalpine lake located proximal (<3 km) to the Continental Divide near Lake O'Hara in Yoho National Park, British Columbia. A 1.25 m core recovered from surficial bottom sediments was found to contain both Bridge River tephra (2350 years BP) and Mazama tephra (6800 years BP). Identification of the tephras was initially based on distinctive colour, texture, phenocryst assemblages, and glass shard habits and was confirmed by electron microprobe analysis of the constituent glass shards. The microprobe technique employed backscattered and secondary electron imagery and both energy dispersive and wavelength dispersive analyses.Mean annual sedimentation rates calculated from tephra depths in the Mary Lake core were found to be of the order of 0.15 mm/year for the post-Bridge River time period and 0.02 mm/year for the Mazama – Bridge River interval. The preservation of Mazama tephra in Mary Lake lacustrine sediments indicates that deglaciation had proceeded upvalley from the Mary Lake basin.
Inhibition of imitative behaviour and social cognition

There is converging evidence that the observation of an action activates a corresponding motor representation in the observer through a ‘mirror-matching’ mechanism. However, research on such ‘shared representations’ of perception and action has widely neglected the question of how we can distinguish our own motor intentions from externally triggered motor representations. By investigating the inhibition of imitative response tendencies, as an index for the control of shared representations, we can show that self–other distinction plays a fundamental role in the control of shared representations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that overlapping brain activations can be found in the anterior fronto-median cortex (aFMC) and the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) area for the control of shared representations and complex social-cognitive tasks, such as mental state attribution. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, we functionally dissociate the roles of TPJ and aFMC during the control of shared representations. Finally, we propose a hypothesis stating that the control of shared representations might be the missing link between functions of the mirror system and mental state attribution.
Pharmacokinetics of Ganciclovir in Heart Transplant Patients Undergoing Continuous Venovenous Hemodialysis

Summary: The pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir in patients with severe renal dysfunction is poorly defined. In this paper, we report the pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir in three anuric heart transplant patients under continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD). Ganciclovir was administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg every 48 h for at least 9 days. Samples from the arterial and venous blood lines and from ultrafiltrate were collected to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters, clearance of ultrafiltration, and sieving coefficient. Ganciclovir concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters (mean ± SD) were the following: t1/2β 18.9 ± 2.2 h, Cl 0.42 ± 0.08 ml/min/kg, Vdss 0.68 ± 0.10 L/kg. At the steady state the clearance of ultrafiltration was 12.9 ± 1.9 ml/min (or 130 L/week) and the sieving coefficient was 0.84 ± 0.08 with an average fraction of 89.7 ± 10.6% of the administered dose removed by CVVHD. These results show that CVVHD is highly effective in removing ganciclovir from plasma. Furthermore, CVVHD appears more effective than intermittent hemodialysis. These data should be taken into account to optimize dosage adjustment of ganciclovir in patients under CVVHD, and until guidelines are available, careful monitoring of drug concentrations-is recommended.
The Effects of Outgroup Threat and Opportunity to Derogate on Salivary Cortisol Levels

Perceptions of intergroup threat have been related to both experiences of physiological stress responses and derogation of the outgroup. In this study, a neuroscience perspective was used to investigate the relationship between stress and opportunity to derogate the outgroup, in a threatening intergroup context. Research from a social identity perspective suggests that engaging in outgroup derogation alleviates stress when perceiving an intergroup threat. However, in line with the model of intergroup anxiety, opportunity to derogate could exacerbate the negative connotations of a threatening situation, resulting in more stress. Canadian participants (N = 110) were exposed to text describing either discriminatory or favorable comments expressed by Chinese individuals towards Canadians. Half of the participants were given the opportunity to derogate via a bias task. Salivary cortisol was used as a measure of stress and was collected at baseline, post-threat, and post-derogation. As expected, threatening identity led to more stress as evidenced by increased cortisol concentrations. Furthermore, threatened participants who had an opportunity to derogate showed greater cortisol concentrations than those who did not. These results demonstrate a link between stress and the opportunity to derogate, and highlights the value of using biological markers within the intergroup context. Rewrite abstract to remove all the references (they are meaningless because the abstracting services will use the abstract as is but will not provide the references so their presence is useless.
Effect of Coastal Upwelling on Nitrogen Regeneration from Sediments and Ammonium Supply to the Water Column in Concepcion Bay, Chile

Ammonium regeneration was studied in sediments collected from two stations located in Concepcion Bay, Chile, a semi-enclosed and shallow system. This system is under the effects of the coastal upwelling processes for about 57% of every year. To understand the importance of the benthic system in ammonium dynamics, quantification is required of, at least, detrital inputs (with sediment traps), ammonium recycling rates (using experimental incubations of intact sediment cores), and ammonium loss through burial in the sediment column. The mean annual ammonium flux of 3·41 mmol m−2day−1is comparable to the estimated benthic flux in very high productivity areas. The sediment thus constitutes an important ammonium source for the water column with respect to other sources, such as inputs from salt marshes, rivers and shelf waters. Seasonal variation in ammonium fluxes reflects the seasonality in macrofaunal activity, detrital inputs to the sediment–water interface, and the oxygen content of bottom water. These variables are enhanced in summer and may be an effect of the upwelling process. Ammonium benthic flux measurements and calculated burial rates are utilized to estimate the nitrogen budget of the sediments in the two stations studied. Approximately 76–83% of total nitrogen is regenerated as a product of the remineralization of organic matter produced during upwelling events which settles onto anoxic sediment.
How to share knowledge by gossiping

Given n agents each of which has a secret (a fact not known to anybody else), the classical version of the gossip problem is to achieve shared knowledge of all secrets in a minimal number of phone calls. There exist protocols achieving shared knowledge in \(2(n{-}2)\) calls: when the protocol terminates everybody knows all the secrets. We generalize that problem and focus on higher-order shared knowledge: how many calls does it take to obtain that everybody knows that everybody knows all secrets? More generally, how many calls does it take to obtain shared knowledge of order k? This requires not only the communication of secrets, but also the communication of knowledge about secrets. We give a protocol that works in \((k{+}1)(n{-}2)\) steps and prove that it is correct: it achieves shared knowledge of level k. The proof is presented in a dynamic epistemic logic that is based on the observability of propositional variables by agents.
Efficient Globally Optimal Consensus Maximisation with Tree Search

Maximum consensus is one of the most popular criteria for robust estimation in computer vision. Despite its widespread use, optimising the criterion is still customarily done by randomised sample-and-test techniques, which do not guarantee optimality of the result. Several globally optimal algorithms exist, but they are too slow to challenge the dominance of randomised methods. Our work aims to change this state of affairs by proposing an efficient algorithm for global maximisation of consensus. Under the framework of LP-type methods, we show how consensus maximisation for a wide variety of vision tasks can be posed as a tree search problem. This insight leads to a novel algorithm based on A* search. We propose efficient heuristic and support set updating routines that enable A* search to efficiently find globally optimal results. On common estimation problems, our algorithm is much faster than previous exact methods. Our work identifies a promising direction for globally optimal consensus maximisation.
Scene Construction in Amnesia: An fMRI Study

In recent years, there has been substantial interest in how the human hippocampus not only supports recollection of past experiences, but also the construction of fictitious and future events, and the leverage this might offer for understanding the operating mechanisms of the hippocampus. Evidence that patients with bilateral hippocampal damage and amnesia cannot construct novel or future scenes/events has been influential in driving this line of research forward. There are, however, some patients with hippocampal damage and amnesia who retain the ability to construct novel scenes. This dissociation may indicate that the hippocampus is not required for scene construction, or alternatively, there could be residual function in remnant hippocampal tissue sufficient to support the basic construction of scenes. Resolving this controversy is central to current theoretical debates about the hippocampus. To investigate, we used fMRI and a scene construction task to test patient P01, who has dense amnesia, ∼50% bilateral hippocampal volume loss, and intact scene construction. We found that scene construction in P01 was associated with increased activity in a set of brain areas, including medial temporal, retrosplenial, and posterior parietal cortices, that overlapped considerably with the regions engaged in control participants performing the same task. Most notably, the remnant of P01's right hippocampus exhibited increased activity during scene construction. This suggests that the intact scene construction observed in some hippocampal-damaged amnesic patients may be supported by residual function in their lesioned hippocampus, in accordance with theoretical frameworks that ascribe a vital role to the hippocampus in scene construction.
No actual conflict over colony inheritance despite high potential conflict in the social wasp Polistes dominulus

Social insect societies are outstanding examples of cooperation and conflict. Individuals work together, yet seek to increase their inclusive fitness at each others' expense. One such conflict is over colony inheritance, when a queen inherits the colony following the death of the previous queen. Colony inheritance is common in the social wasp Polistes dominulus, and it can have dramatic fitness consequences. The subordinate inheriting the colony is often unrelated to the initial foundress (alpha) and the workers, who therefore get zero inclusive fitness. Workers are capable of mating and reproducing, so that inheritance by a subordinate rather than by a related worker is surprising. Using patterns of egg-laying and egg destruction, we show in 32 laboratory colonies that, upon the removal of alpha, workers fully accepted a subordinate as the new breeder. This new alpha monopolized reproduction to the same extent as alpha, and there was no increase in reproduction by workers and other subordinates. Why workers accept a potentially unrelated subordinate as breeder rather than a full-sister worker is unclear. They may be constrained to do so, and they may seek fitness benefits by producing males later in the season or by absconding the nest.
The dayside auroral zone as a hard target for coherent HF radars

Observations from the CUTLASS Finland coherent HF radar on 23 February 1996 are employed to demonstrate that changes in propagation mode from ½F to 1½F and back again, determined from elevation angle measurements, do not significantly alter the ranges over which ionospheric backscatter is observed. This indicates that the latitudinal extent of backscatter in the dayside auroral oval and cusp region correspond to the boundaries of geophysical processes, as opposed to limits in the illumination of the F region ionosphere by the radar. Hence, the HF radar technique is confirmed as an excellent diagnostic of the cusp and other dayside regions.
Supervised neural networks for the classification of structures

Standard neural networks and statistical methods are usually believed to be inadequate when dealing with complex structures because of their feature-based approach. In fact, feature-based approaches usually fail to give satisfactory solutions because of the sensitivity of the approach to the a priori selection of the features, and the incapacity to represent any specific information on the relationships among the components of the structures. However, we show that neural networks can, in fact, represent and classify structured patterns. The key idea underpinning our approach is the use of the so called "generalized recursive neuron", which is essentially a generalization to structures of a recurrent neuron. By using generalized recursive neurons, all the supervised networks developed for the classification of sequences, such as backpropagation through time networks, real-time recurrent networks, simple recurrent networks, recurrent cascade correlation networks, and neural trees can, on the whole, be generalized to structures. The results obtained by some of the above networks (with generalized recursive neurons) on the classification of logic terms are presented.
Supervised Coupled Dictionary Learning with Group Structures for Multi-modal Retrieval

A better similarity mapping function across heterogeneous high-dimensional features is very desirable for many applications involving multi-modal data. In this paper, we introduce coupled dictionary learning (DL) into supervised sparse coding for multi-modal (cross-media) retrieval. We call this Supervised coupled dictionary learning with group structures for Multi-Modal retrieval (SliM2). SliM2 formulates the multi-modal mapping as a constrained dictionary learning problem. By utilizing the intrinsic power of DL to deal with the heterogeneous features, SliM2 extends unimodal DL to multi-modal DL. Moreover, the label information is employed in SliM2 to discover the shared structure inside intra-modality within the same class by a mixed norm (i.e., `l1/l2`-norm). As a result, the multimodal retrieval is conducted via a set of jointly learned mapping functions across multi-modal data. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our proposed model when applied to cross-media retrieval.