Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teachers' Perceptions of the Incidence and Management of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continues to be a common diagnosis of school children, and according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM-IV], American Psychiatric Association, 1994), it affects approximately 3%-5% of the population. Teachers are often the primary source of information regarding ADHD diagnoses in school children. A previous study by Glass and Wegar (2000) found that teachers were overidentifying children with ADHD and that medication was preferred as the primary treatment for these students. This study further examined teacher perceptions on the causes, incidence, and appropriate treatment methods of ADHD. In addition, this study also examined the prevalence of ADHD as determined by ADHD Rating Scale-IV (School Version; DuPaul et al., 1998) and examined differential identification rates by gender and ethnicity. Results showed that teachers were likely to identify children as having ADHD at rates higher than the expected prevalence rates specified in DSM-IV. Out of 121 rating scales analyzed, 23.97% of students were identified by teachers as meeting criteria for 1 of the 3 types of ADHD. Males had significantly higher scores than females and Whites had significantly higher scores than Hispanics. Class size was also associated with the likelihood that teachers would identify more than 5% of their students as having ADHD. Results suggest that, despite increasing evidence of a connection between biological factors and ADHD, environmental factors (i.e., class size and culture) may still influence teachers' perceptions about what students have the disorder.
A double-balanced down converter mixer in GaN-on-Si HEMT technology

A 2-5 GHz MMIC double-balanced Gilbert mixer (DBGM) with a lumped-elements LO balun and IF buffer has been designed, fabricated in GaN-on-Si HEMT MMIC technology and characterized with on-board measurements. This proposed mixer uses on-chip capacitively coupled resonating elements to isolate the dc currents of RF and LO route, which could help to realize low voltage and improve the noise figure (NF). Compared with other conventional baluns, the proposed lumped-element passive LO input balun can reduce chip size. The mixer demonstrates a 3 dB IF bandwidth from DC to 0.5 GHz and the maximum conversion gain (CG) of 9.3 dB at RF input of 3.5 GHz.
An Analysis of Attrition in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the Survey of Income and Program Participation with an Application to a Model of Labor Market Behavior

This paper analyzes attrition behavior in two major longitudinal surveys, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Significant indicators in a model of attrition include measures of mobility and variables that correspond to the interviewer and the interview process. There is evidence that surveys with more waves or higher frequency interviews experience higher attrition rates. The estimation results for a model of attrition and labor market behavior show little indication of bias due to attrition but there is evidence that the labor market behavior of attritors and nonattritors is different.
Microbial Group Specific Uptake Kinetics of Inorganic Phosphate and Adenosine-5′-Triphosphate (ATP) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

We investigated the concentration dependent uptake of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) in microbial populations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). We used radiotracers to measure substrate uptake into whole water communities, differentiated microbial size classes, and two flow sorted groups; Prochlorococcus (PRO) and non-pigmented bacteria (NPB). The Pi concentrations, uptake rates, and Pi pool turnover times (Tt) were (mean, ±SD); 54.9 ± 35.0 nmol L−1 (n = 22), 4.8 ± 1.9 nmol L−1 day−1 (n = 19), and 14.7 ± 10.2 days (n = 19), respectively. Pi uptake into >2 μm cells was on average 12 ± 7% (n = 15) of the total uptake. The kinetic response to Pi (10–500 nmol L−1) was small, indicating that the microorganisms were close to their maximum uptake velocity (Vmax). Vmax averaged 8.0 ± 3.6 nmol L−1 day−1 (n = 19) in the >0.2 μm group, with half saturation constants (Km) of 40 ± 28 nmol L−1 (n = 19). PRO had three times the cell specific Pi uptake rate of NPB, at ambient concentrations, but when adjusted to cells L−1 the rates were similar, and these two groups were equally competitive for Pi. The Tt of γ-P-ATP in the >0.2 μm group were shorter than for the Pi pool (4.4 ± 1.0 days; n = 6), but this difference diminished in the larger size classes. The kinetic response to ATP was large in the >0.2 μm class with Vmax exceeding the rates at ambient concentrations (mean 62 ± 27 times; n = 6) with a mean Vmax for γ-P-ATP of 2.8 ± 1.0 nmol L−1 day−1, and Km at 11.5 ± 5.4 nmol L−1 (n = 6). The NPB contribution to γ-P-ATP uptake was high (95 ± 3%, n = 4) at ambient concentrations but decreased to ∼50% at the highest ATP amendment. PRO had Km values 5–10 times greater than NPB. The above indicates that PRO and NPB were in close competition in terms of Pi acquisition, whereas P uptake from ATP could be attributed to NPB. This apparent resource partitioning may be a niche separating strategy and an important factor in the successful co-existence within the oligotrophic upper ocean of the NPSG.
Re-thinking professionalism in further education in post-devolution Wales.

This thesis explores professionalism in FE teaching in Wales. It also considers government policies for professionalising teaching in the sector and, in particular, if the Lifelong Learning UK (LLUK) Professional Standards have been material in shaping teacher professionalism. The research was based on interviews and focus groups with teacher-trainers and trainee teachers in two universities and four FE colleges in South Wales, and the documentation of their training programmes. The research also includes an analysis of policy documents and interviews with officials responsible for policy in Wales. The research draws on current sociological interest in professionalism and the way that can be defined by employers in the interests of the firm. The theoretical basis of the analysis is Bernstein's concept of pedagogic discourse and it is argued that professionalism has been re-contextualised by government and LLUK as an official discourse, represented in the Professional Standards as a set of generic competences, underpinned by trauoability and linked to the attainment of qualifications. This generic discourse defines professionalism in ways that privilege corporatism and flexibility its generic nature promotes the idea of trainability for teachers, in much the same way as learners in FE are expected to 'learn how to learn' to adapt to the changes brought about by globalisation. Welsh Assembly Government policy commits to achieving equivalent standards of professionalism in FE and schools but, unlike England, apart from its endorsement of the Standards, no progress has been made. The Standards' role in teacher training was explored The influence of the official discourse in the Standards was mediated by teacher-trainers in ways that were oriented to practice and to the enactment of professionalism, rejecting any notion of competencies. The Standards accordingly had little influence on trainees' constructs of professionalism. Trainees were focussed instead on gaining basic survival skills, but they had a clear personal sense of professional standards, centred on their responsibilities and commitment to their students. Theirs was a discourse of professionalism in formation, recognising the importance of tacit knowledge, acquired by experience. The study concludes by identifying a possible distinctively Welsh approach to professionalising FE teaching, and the need for improved mentoring and support for trainee and newly qualified teachers. A copy of the LLUK's Professional Standards: *New Overarching Professional Standards for Teachers, Teachers and Trainers in Lifelong Learning in Wales* can be accessed from the LLUK at: http://www.lluk. org/documents/02_Bilingual_rri_Standards. pdf
An empirical examination of the role of the remuneration committee in the relationship between board of directors and remuneration

There is a serious agency problem when a board of directors' remuneration is not linked with performance. Therefore, a remuneration committee's role is to ensure the remuneration follows proper policies and procedures. This study examines the relationship between the board of directors and remuneration as moderated by the remuneration committee. Its sample size is 386 firms listed in Bursa Malaysia studied from 2007 to 2009. Findings from this study indicate a significant positive relationship between remuneration committees and remuneration, which suggests the effectiveness of the committees. Furthermore, evidence from this study shows that the board of directors has a significant negative influence on non-executives' remuneration. Our study suggests that the non-executive director has less power in remunerative decisions than the executive director, reducing his or her own remuneration. However, this study cannot find evidence of a relationship between the board of directors and executive remuneration.
Topical Phenytoin in Neuralgic Pain, Peripheral Modulation of Central Sensitization: Two Case Reports

We herewith describe a topical formulation of phenytoin with a clear analgesic effect in localized neuropathic pain: in post herpetic neuralgia and trigeminal neuralgia. Such topical analgesic effect for phenytoin has not yet been described in literature. We have developed various topical phenytoin formulations and identified a stable cream base in which we compounded a range of concentrations of phenytoin up to 10%. We will present two cases supporting the analgesic effect of phenytoin cream in neuralgic pain, and discuss the putative mechanism of action of phenytoin as a topical analgesic. The essence of both cases is that, apparently, it is possible to down-regulate central sensitization processes via the modulation (inhibition) of peripheral input. This hypothesis was brought forward in 2013 based on neurophysiological data, and our clinical data seem to also support this important chapter in pain treatment. Thus, topical analgesia, in our case based on phenytoin, can play an important role in multimodal therapy of chronic neuropathic pain, related to central sensitization states.
Evolution of the human ABO polymorphism by two complementary selective pressures

The best–known example of terminal–glycan variation is the ABO histo–blood group polymorphism in humans. We model two selective forces acting on histo–blood group antigens that may account for this polymorphism. The first is generated by the invasion of opportunistic bacterial or other pathogens that interact with the epithelial–mucosal surfaces. The bacteria adapt to the microenvironments of common host phenotypes and so create frequency–dependent selection for rarer host alleles. The second is generated by intracellular viruses, and accounts for the observed differentials between the ABO–phenotype frequencies. It is thought that viruses acquire histo–blood group structures as part of their envelope from their previous host. The presence of host antigens on the viral envelope causes differential transmission of the virus between host types owing to the asymmetric action of ABO natural antibodies. Our model simulations show that these two forces acting together can account for the major features of the ABO polymorphism in humans.
Migrant Networks: Empirical Implications for the Italian Bilateral Trade

A significant number of empirical studies, focusing on different countries, have found a positive link between migration and trade. This paper studies the relationship between emigration, immigration and trade using Italian data. The sample regards 51 foreign trading partners and spans from 1990 to 2005. The results suggest that networks of Italian emigrants in foreign countries boost bilateral trade. The effects of immigrants are weak on exports and negative on imports. Results do not change when cultural and institutional dissimilarities between countries are considered.
A Puzzling Aspect of the Effect of Advance Notice on Unemployment

Displaced workers with generous periods of advance notice are more likely than their non-notified counterparts to avoid post-displacement unemployment altogether, but once unemployed, they tend to escape from unemployment much more slowly. The authors, using data from the five-year retrospective 1988 and 1990 Displaced Worker Surveys, examine three potential explanations for this puzzle: delaying behavior induced by the receipt of unemployment insurance, nonrandom distribution of notice to workers, and previous studies' failure to appropriately incorporate the pre-displacement search time of notified workers. This analysis supports the third explanation. After allowing for less intense search prior to displacement than following displacement, the authors find that the pattern of escape rates for otherwise observationally equivalent workers does not differ by notification status.
Research: Big business, big responsibilities

Focuses on “big business” and what is seen as its growing influence on the state of the world and argues that increasing globalization is posing significant challenges that require new thinking about global governance, particularly with regard to international trade. Businesses are required to operate within legislative and economic frameworks created by governments and should be helped to develop global, values‐based systems of management rooted in internationally accepted principles. Concludes that corporate social responsibility will only make a visible difference if the concept is fully integrated into corporate principles and practices, and if progress is monitored over time.
Sequencing Anomalies in Choice Experiments

This paper investigates whether responses to choice experiments (CEs) are subject to sequencing anomalies. While previous research has focussed on the possibility that such anomalies relate to position in the sequence of choice tasks, our research reveals that the particular sequence of tasks matters. Using a novel experimental design that allows us to test our hypotheses using robust nonparametric statistics, we observe sequencing anomalies in CE data similar to those recorded in the dichotomous choice contingent valuation literature. Those sequencing effects operate in both price and commodity dimensions and are observed to compound over a series of choice tasks. Our findings cast serious doubt on the current practice of asking each respondent to undertake several choice tasks in a CE whilst treating each response as an independent observation on that individual’s preferences.
Clinical significance of liver histology on outcomes in biliary atresia

Biliary atresia (BA) literature has focussed on the relationship between age at Kasai procedure (KP) and post‐KP outcomes. This study primarily examines post‐KP outcomes including, 6‐month normalisation of bilirubin, 5‐year native liver survival (NLS), development of portal hypertension (PHT) and incidence of ascending cholangitis at a single tertiary paediatric centre in Australia. The study also evaluated prognostic factors which may influence these aforementioned outcomes.
Tacit knowledge spillover and sustainability in destination development

This study examines tacit knowledge spillover among lodging firms within a destination and how it contributes to sustainable destination development. Longitudinal data for this study were collected primarily through in-depth interviews with lodging firms' managers and operators in a destination located in southern China. The findings suggest that tacit knowledge spillover in a region may lead to hospitality firm agglomeration. Furthermore, the eco-friendly hotel pioneers' tacit knowledge spillover may, over an extended time period, enhance the eco-friendly initiatives and operations of local hospitality firms, which may contribute to the successful development of sustainable destinations. The findings also indicate that local government's effective interventions tend to encourage and facilitate tacit knowledge spillover through establishing knowledge transfer mechanisms in the community, which is significant in the context of sustainable destination development.
Safety Net Programs and Poverty Reduction: Lessons from Cross-Country Experience

The need for social safety nets has become a key component of poverty reduction strategies. Over the past three decades several developing countries have launched a variety of programs, including cash transfers, subsidies in-kind, public works, and income-generation programs. However, there is little guidance on appropriate program design, and few studies have synthesized the lessons from widely differing country experiences. This report fills that gap. It reviews the conceptual issues in the choice of programs, synthesizes cross-country experience, and analyzes how country- and region-specific constraints can explain why different approaches are successful in different countries.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of platinum after combined treatment of cisplatin and procainamide hydrochloride in mice bearing P388 leukemia.

BACKGROUND Our previous studies showed that procainamide hydrochloride may be an important modulator of cisplatin toxicity and antitumour activity. This study was performed in order to investigate if procainamide hydrochloride may influence the therapeutic index of cisplatin by inducing modifications of its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodymanics in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacokinetic profile of cisplatin administered either in the presence or absence of procainamide hydrochloride was investigated in BDF1 female mice bearing 6-day P388 leukemia. Procainamide hydrochloride was administered i.v. at the dose of 50 mg/kg, immediately before cisplatin which, in turn, was administered i.p. at the dose of 8 mg/kg. RESULTS The combined administration of the antiarrhythmic drug and cisplatin caused significant differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles of Pt in plasma, ascites fluid and tissues. Filterable Pt was significantly increased both in plasma and ascites fluid in animals given the combined treatment. Similarly, a small increase was also found for total plasma Pt. These differences caused some changes of the pharmacokinetic parameters of filterable (plasma: AUC0-1 h = +16%, t1/2 alpha = +29%, t1/2b = +14%, K2p = -32%; ascites fluid: AUC0-1 h = +23%, t1/2 alpha = +78%, t1/2 beta = -49%, and total Pt (plasma: AUC0-1 h = +19%, t1/2 alpha = +27%, t1/2 beta = -22%; ascites fluid: AUC0-1 h = +6%, AUC0-infinity = +43%, t1/2 alpha = +30%). The analysis of tissue Pt content showed the general increase of Pt concentration in the main organs of animals treated with cisplatin and procainamide hydrochloride, with AUC0-24 h increased by 95%, 22%, 90% and 28% in kidney, liver, spleen and lung, respectively. The analysis of binding of Pt to DNA and percent interstrand cross-links (%ISCL) in P388 tumour cells showed that the % ISCL (10.44 +/- 3.81% vs. 3.51 +/- 0.01%) and the efficiency of ISCL formation (0.51 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.17 +/- 0.02 %ISCL.microgram DNA/pg Pt) were significantly greater when cisplatin was administered in association with procainamide hydrochloride. CONCLUSION Our results show that procainamide hydrochloride may alter the pharmacodynamics and the pharmacokinetics and distribution of Pt in tumored mice treated with cisplatin.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) on Chip Experiments Uncover a Widespread Distribution of NF-Y Binding CCAAT Sites Outside of Core Promoters*

The CCAAT box is a prototypical promoter element, almost invariably found between –60 and –100 upstream of the major transcription start site. It is bound and activated by the histone fold trimer NF-Y. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) on chip experiments on two different CpG islands arrays using chromatin from hepatic HepG2 and pre-B cell leukemia NALM-6 cell lines, with different protocols of probe preparation and labeling. We analyzed and classified 239 known or predicted targets; we validated several by conventional ChIPs with anti-YB and anti-YC antibodies, in vitro EMSAs, and ChIP scanning. The importance of NF-Y binding for gene expression was verified by the use of a dominant negative NF-YA mutant. All but four genes are new NF-Y targets, falling into different functional categories. This analysis reinforces the notion that NF-Y is an important regulator of cell growth, and novel unexpected findings emerged from this unbiased approach. (i) A remarkable proportion of NF-Y targets, 40%, are complex transcriptional units composed of divergent, convergent, and tandem promoters. (ii) 40–50% of NF-Y sites are not in core promoters but are in introns or at distant 3′ or 5′ locations. The abundance of “unorthodox” CCAAT positions highlights an unexpected complexity of the NF-Y-mediated transcriptional network.
Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases During Ascorbate‐Induced Differentiation of Osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 Cells

The mouse calvarial osteoblast MC3T3‐E1 cells released 92 kDa and 68 kDa of gelatinase activities into the conditioned media (CMs) from undifferentiated cells. When differentiation was induced by cultivating cells with ascorbate‐2‐phosphate (AscP), 68‐kDa activity increased significantly in parallel with production of 60‐kDa activity. These enzymes required Ca2+ and Zn2+ ions for their proteolytic activities. The 68‐kDa activity was immunologically identified as latent matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2). The 92‐kDa activity was deduced to be latent MMP‐9 based on its molecular mass. The 60‐kDa activity band was found to possess both gelatin and β‐casein hydrolyzing activities, indicating that this activity band might comprise the active form of MMP‐2 and latent MMP‐13. MC3T3‐E1 cells were found to express MMP‐2, MMP‐13, and membrane type (MT)1‐MMP genes by Northern blotting. MMP‐2 was expressed constitutively. MMP‐13 was up‐regulated during the growth with AscP. MT1‐MMP expression also was modulated by AscP; at the early stage of differentiation, its messenger RNA (mRNA) level increased and then decreased gradually to the control level. These changes in the profiles of MMPs observed here could be attributed to the maturation of collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) induced by AscP.