Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Practice-Based Approach to Online Participation: Young People’s Participatory Habitus as a Source of Diverse Online Engagement

Based on comparative qualitative research with 14- to 25-year-olds in Italy and the UK, this study draws on Bourdieu’s theory of practice and culturalist perspectives on citizenship, and situates participation as a socially embedded, contingent online/offline practice that is shaped by the interrelation between participatory habitus, differential access to resources, and the political context. Young people’s diversity is manifested in their different vocabularies of participation, which include a vocabulary of (a) citizenship orientations, (b) citizenship practices, and (c) digital engagement. Based on vocabularies of participation, 5 participatory habitus were identified: the legitimate, the critical, the alternative, the radical antagonist, and the excluded. Each participatory habitus is produced by different combinations of resources and political experiences, and in turn shapes how young people participate on- and offline.
Software Grand Exposure: SGX Cache Attacks Are Practical

Intel SGX isolates the memory of security-critical applications from the untrusted OS. However, it has been speculated that SGX may be vulnerable to side-channel attacks through shared caches. We developed new cache attack techniques customized for SGX. Our attack differs from other SGX cache attacks in that it is easy to deploy and avoids known detection approaches. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our attack on two case studies: RSA decryption and genomic processing. While cache timing attacks against RSA and other cryptographic operations can be prevented by using appropriately hardened crypto libraries, the same cannot be easily done for other computations, such as genomic processing. Our second case study therefore shows that attacks on noncryptographic but privacy sensitive operations are a serious threat. We analyze countermeasures and show that none of the known defenses eliminates the attack.
Finding companionship on the road less travelled: A netnography of the Whole Food Plant-Based Aussies Facebook group

Chronic conditions are now the leading contributors to the burden of disease and associated healthcare expenditure in Australia. Wholefood plant-based diets are an evidence-based approach to the prevention, management and even reversal of many types of chronic disease. However, numerous practical, cognitive, social and intrapersonal barriers inhibit the ‘mainstreaming’ of plant-based diets (PBDs). Online communities may provide the informational, emotional and social support to help members overcome these barriers. However, there is a paucity of research on both the support needs of people attempting to follow PBDs in Australia, and the role that online community membership plays in providing this support. Using Karl Lewin’s three-step behaviour change model (1947/1997) as the framework for analysis, this study employed netnographic techniques to explore the barriers to, and enablers of, adoption and maintenance of a PBD in Australia, as experienced by a sample of people following this diet who are members of the Whole Food Plant-Based Aussies Facebook group. Membership of this online community was found to play a significant role in facilitating dietary adoption and adherence through provision of multiple forms of social support.
The Impact of Gender on Teacher's Feedback in Iranian Upper-intermediate EFL Classroom Discourse

This study aims to investigate the teachers’ feedback with their students from the point of view of gender and to see whether teacher's feedback is affected by the gender of students. The participants of this study were 120 upper-intermediate (60 female and 60 male) and 12 teachers in EFL conversation classes in different language institutes in Isfahan. Classes were either single-gendered or mixed gendered. In order to conduct this research and answer the research questions, 12 classes were observed and coding procedures to clarify the types of the feedback were employed by the researchers. In addition, patterns of interactions were investigated according to teachers’ question types and corrective feedbacks. The results of the study showed that explicit feedback covering a wider range of feedback than implicit ones. Moreover, it was noted that in mixed classes, more feedbacks (both implicit and explicit) were employed. The findings could provide guidance for teachers in the language institutes for employ a fair amount of all the categories included in categorizations of question types, responses and feedbacks.
Swarming to rank for information retrieval

This paper presents an approach to automatically optimize the retrieval quality of ranking functions. Taking a Swarm Intelligence perspective, we present a novel method, Swarm-Rank, which is well-founded in a Particle Swarm Optimization framework. SwarmRank learns a ranking function by optimizing the combination of various types of evidences such content and hyperlink features, while directly maximizing Mean Average Precision, a widely used evaluation measure in Information Retrieval. Experimental results on well-established Learning To Rank benchmark datasets show that our approach significantly outperformed standard approaches (i.e., BM25) that only use basic statistical information derived from documents collections, and is found to be competitive with Ranking SVM and RankBoost in the task of ranking relevant documents at the very top positions.
An Investigation of Graph-Based Class Integration Test Order Strategies

The issue of ordering class integration in the context of integration testing has been discussed by a number of researchers. More specifically, strategies have been proposed to generate a test order while minimizing stubbing. Recent papers have addressed the problem of deriving an integration order in the presence of dependency cycles in the class diagram. Such dependencies represent a practical problem as they make any topological ordering of classes impossible. Three main approaches, aimed at "breaking" cycles, have been proposed. The first one was proposed by Tai and Daniels (1999) and is based on assigning a higher-level order according to aggregation and inheritance relationships and a lower-level order according to associations. The second one was proposed by Le Traon et al. (2000) and is based on identifying strongly connected components in the dependency graph. The third one was proposed by Briand et al. (2000); it combines some of the principles of the two previous approaches and addresses some of their shortcomings (e.g., the first approach may result into unnecessary stubbing whereas the second may lead to breaking cycles by "removing" aggregation or inheritance dependencies, thus leading to complex stubbing). This paper reviews these strategies (principles are described, advantages and drawbacks are precisely investigated) and provides both analytical and empirical comparisons based on five case studies.
Passivity Enforcement With Relative Error Control

This paper introduces a new error control strategy in passivity enforcement schemes for linear lumped macromodels. We consider the general class of a posteriori passivity enforcement algorithms based on Hamiltonian matrix perturbation. Standard available formulations preserve the accuracy during passivity enforcement using special matrix norms associated to the controllability Gramian of the macromodel. This procedure leads to absolute error control. On the other hand, it is well known that relative error control in the macromodel is sometimes preferable, especially for structures that are characterized by small coupling coefficients or high dynamic range in their responses. Here, we present a frequency-weighting scheme leading to the definition of a modified Gramian that, when employed during passivity enforcement, effectively leads to relative error control. Several examples illustrate the reliability of the proposed technique.
Brute Force Works Best Against Bullying

The problem of harmful and offending messages on the Internet has existed for many years. One of the reasons such activities evolved was the anonymity of communication on the Internet, giving users the feeling that anything can go unpunished. Recently the problem has been officially defined and labeled as cyberbullying (CB)1. In Japan the problem has become serious enough to be noticed by the Ministry of Education [MEXT 2008]. In 2007 Japanese school personnel and members of Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) have started monitoring activities under the general name Internet Patrol (later: net-patrol) to spot Web sites containing such inappropriate contents. However, the net-patrol is performed manually as a volunteer work. Countless amounts of data on the Internet make this an uphill task. This situation motivated us to help and ease the burden of the net-patrol members and create a net-patrol crawler automatically spotting cyberbullying entries on the Web and reporting them to appropriate organs. In the following sections we firstly present some of the previous research related to ours. Next, we describe our method and the dataset used in this research. In the method we apply a combinatorial approach to language modeling, resembling brute force search algorithms, to extract sophisticated patterns from sentences. Next, we use them in text classification task. Finally, we explain the evaluation settings, analyze and discuss the results. Evaluation on actual cyberbullying data showed our method outperformed previous ones while minimizing human effort.
Recursively speaking: analyzing students' discourse of recursive phenomena

Recursion is a powerful concept, appearing in almost every introductory course in computer-science (CS). CS educators and educational researchers often refer to difficulties in learning recursion, and suggest methods for teaching recursion. However, the research literature barely addresses the unique ways in which students relate to this interdisciplinary concept and the particular learners' language concerning recursive phenomena. The gap is most apparent when seen through a constructivist lens, where the students' prior knowledge and idiosyncratic conceptions should be referred to and reflected upon in order to serve as a basis for further knowledge construction. This paper reports on a study in which a collaborative classification of several recursive phenomena is used to facilitate the construction of recursion. The students' discourse was analyzed, as a step toward understanding the students' ways of speaking recursively. Preliminary results indicate some basic aspects of recursion in the student discourse, although the students apparently talk a very different language from that of the experts, as used by books and teachers.
Rigid unit modes in crystal structures with octahedrally coordinated atoms

Abstract The rigid unit mode analysis was initially developed to understand the phase transitions in aluminosilicate minerals containing corner-linked tetrahedra. Here the model is applied to a range of minerals with crystal structures that can be described as frameworks of linked octahedral and tetrahedral units, including garnet, sillimanite, titanite, and ellenbergerite. Consistent with a constraint analysis, there are no rigid unit modes in these minerals. Generalizing these results suggests that there will not be any easy ways to distort structures that have frameworks containing octahedral units. This result explains why polyhedraltilting displacive phase transitions are not common in such minerals, whereas they occur in most aluminosilicate minerals containing only tetrahedral units. It also explains that it will be necessary for the tetrahedra and octahedra to distort when solid solutions are formed.
Risk Factors for Stroke in Subjects With Normal Blood Pressure: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background and Purpose— Although stroke is strongly associated with hypertension, some individuals with normal blood pressure (BP) experience a stroke. This prospective study explored risk factors for stroke in subjects with normal BP. Methods— A total of 11 228 men and 17 174 women, 45 to 73 years old, were examined in a population-based cohort study. Normal BP was defined as BP <140/90 mm Hg and no treatment for hypertension. The incidence of stroke was followed over a mean period of 6 years. Results— In the cohort, 10 938 (38%) had normal BP. Of them, 56 patients experienced a first-ever stroke (12% of all stroke). Compared with subjects without stroke during follow-up, these stroke subjects were older, had lower education, were often smokers and alcohol nondrinkers, and had a history of coronary heart disease (CHD), gastric ulcer, or renal calculus. Subjects with stroke had a higher body mass index (BMI) and a high-normal BP (130 to 139/85 to 89 mm Hg) more often. In a backward stepwise Cox-regression analysis, age (per 1 year; relative risk [RR], 1.12), current smoking (RR, 3.21), BMI (per SD; RR, 1.39), high-normal diastolic BP (RR, 2.35), history of CHD (RR, 4.92), and gastric ulcer (RR, 2.21) remained significantly associated with incidence of stroke. Conclusion— In subjects with normal BP, there are a number of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with an increased incidence of stroke.
Persistence of Microbial Contamination on Transvaginal Ultrasound Probes despite Low-Level Disinfection Procedure

Aim of the Study In many countries, Low Level Disinfection (LLD) of covered transvaginal ultrasound probes is recommended between patients' examinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of LLD under routine conditions on a range of microorganisms. Materials and Methods Samples were taken over a six month period in a private French Radiology Center. 300 specimens derived from endovaginal ultrasound probes were analyzed after disinfection of the probe with wipes impregnated with a quaternary ammonium compound and chlorhexidine. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was sought in the first set of s100 samples, Chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasmas were searched in the second set of 100 samples, bacteria and fungi in the third 100 set samples. HPV, C. trachomatis and mycoplasmas were detected by PCR amplification. PCR positive samples were subjected to a nuclease treatment before an additional PCR assay to assess the likely viable microorganisms. Bacteria and fungi were investigated by conventional methods. Results A substantial persistence of microorganisms was observed on the disinfected probes: HPV DNA was found on 13% of the samples and 7% in nuclease-resistant form. C. trachomatis DNA was detected on 20% of the probes by primary PCR but only 2% after nuclease treatment, while mycoplasma DNA was amplified in 8% and 4%, respectively. Commensal and/or environmental bacterial flora was present on 86% of the probes, occasionally in mixed culture, and at various levels (10->3000 CFU/probe); Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from 4% of the probes (10-560 CFU/probe). No fungi were isolated. Conclusion Our findings raise concerns about the efficacy of impregnated towels as a sole mean for disinfection of ultrasound probes. Although the ultrasound probes are used with disposable covers, our results highlight the potential risk of cross contamination between patients during ultrasound examination and emphasize the need for reviewing the disinfection procedure.
On the perceptual/linguistic origin of the twelfth basic color term in the Italian color lexicon

In this paper we briefly review our recent research on classification-based color constancy, where automatically extracted features are used to drive the selection and combination of the best algorithm(s) for each image We also describe how the problem of illuminant estimation and correction is deeply intertwined with the one of color space transformation. Finally, we also highlight research trends in these fields. Figure 1 – Simplified processing pipeline of a typical digital camera
Psychological treatments in schizophrenia: I. Meta-analysis of family intervention and cognitive behaviour therapy

Background. While there is a growing body of evidence on the efficacy of psychological interventions for schizophrenia, this meta-analysis improves upon previous systematic and meta-analytical reviews by including a wider range of randomized controlled trials and providing comparisons against both standard care and other active interventions. Method. Literature searches identified randomized controlled trials of four types of psychological interventions: family intervention, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), social skills training and cognitive remediation. These were then subjected to meta-analysis on a variety of outcome measures. This paper presents results relating to the first two. Results. Family therapy, in particular single family therapy, had clear preventative effects on the outcomes of psychotic relapse and readmission, in addition to benefits in medication compliance. CBT produced higher rates of ‘important improvement’ in mental state and demonstrated positive effects on continuous measures of mental state at follow-up. CBT also seems to be associated with low drop-out rates. Conclusions. Family intervention should be offered to people with schizophrenia who are in contact with carers. CBT may be useful for those with treatment resistant symptoms. Both treatments, in particular CBT, should be further investigated in large trials across a variety of patients, in various settings. The factors mediating treatment success in these interventions should be researched.
A functional assay for proteins involved in establishing an epithelial occluding barrier: identification of a uvomorulin-like polypeptide

A functional assay has been developed to identify cell surface proteins involved in the formation of epithelial tight junctions. Transepithelial electrical resistance was used to measure the presence of intact tight junctions in monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells cultured on nitrocellulose filters. The strain I MDCK cells used have a transmonolayer resistance greater than 2,000 ohm . cm2. When the monolayers were incubated at 37 degrees C without Ca2+, the intercellular junctions opened and the transmonolayer resistance dropped to the value of a bare filter, i.e., less than 40 ohm . cm2. When Ca2+ was restored, the cell junctions resealed and the resistance recovered rapidly. Polyclonal antibodies raised against intact MDCK cells inhibited the Ca2+-dependent recovery of electrical resistance when applied to monolayers that had been opened by Ca2+ removal. Cross- linking of cell surface molecules was not required because monovalent Fab' fragments also inhibited. In contrast, a variety of other antibodies that recognize specific proteins on the MDCK cell surface failed to inhibit the recovery of resistance. Monoclonal antibodies have been raised and screened for their ability to inhibit resistance recovery. One such monoclonal antibody has been obtained that stained the lateral surface of MDCK cells. This antibody, rr1, recognized a 118- kD polypeptide in MDCK cell extracts and an 81-kD fragment released from the cell surface by trypsinization in the presence of Ca2+. Sequential immunoprecipitation with antibody rr1 and a monoclonal antibody to uvomorulin showed that this polypeptide is related to uvomorulin. The role of uvomorulin-like and liver cell adhesion molecule (L-CAM)-like polypeptides in the establishment of the epithelial occluding barrier is discussed.
Differential Expression Patterns of occ1-Related Genes in Adult Monkey Visual Cortex

We have previously revealed that occ1 is preferentially expressed in the primary visual area (V1) of the monkey neocortex. In our attempt to identify more area-selective genes in the macaque neocortex, we found that testican-1, an occ1-related gene, and its family members also exhibit characteristic expression patterns along the visual pathway. The expression levels of testican-1 and testican-2 mRNAs as well as that of occ1 mRNA start of high in V1, progressively decrease along the ventral visual pathway, and end of low in the temporal areas. Complementary to them, the neuronal expression of SPARC mRNA is abundant in the association areas and scarce in V1. Whereas occ1, testican-1, and testican-2 mRNAs are preferentially distributed in thalamorecipient layers including “blobs,” SPARC mRNA expression avoids these layers. Neither SC1 nor testican-3 mRNA expression is selective to particular areas, but SC1 mRNA is abundantly observed in blobs. The expressions of occ1, testican-1, testican-2, and SC1 mRNA were downregulated after monocular tetrodotoxin injection. These results resonate with previous works on chemical and functional gradients along the primate occipitotemporal visual pathway and raise the possibility that these gradients and functional architecture may be related to the visual activity–dependent expression of these extracellular matrix glycoproteins.
Wikipedia as a space for discursive constructions of globalization

The notion of globalization has yielded a rich literature, both scholarly and popular, that reveals the highly contested nature of the meaning of the term. This article focuses on Wikipedia as one of the most popular reference sites worldwide, and compares, through computer-assisted text analysis and qualitative reading, entries for the word ‘globalization’ in six major Western languages: English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian. Given Wikipedia’s model of open editing and open contribution, it would be logical to expect that definitions of globalization across different languages reflect variations related to diverse cultural contexts and collective writing. Results show, however, more similarities than differences across languages, demonstrated by an overall pattern of economic framing of the term, and an overreliance on English language sources. Our findings support some scholars’ arguments about the inherent ambiguity of the idea of globalization, and highlight broader questions of linguistic, technological, and cultural hegemony.
Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

BACKGROUND Three million people in Sweden are trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Whether this training increases the frequency of bystander CPR or the survival rate among persons who have out-of-hospital cardiac arrests has been questioned. METHODS We analyzed a total of 30,381 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests witnessed in Sweden from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2011, to determine whether CPR was performed before the arrival of emergency medical services (EMS) and whether early CPR was correlated with survival. RESULTS CPR was performed before the arrival of EMS in 15,512 cases (51.1%) and was not performed before the arrival of EMS in 14,869 cases (48.9%). The 30-day survival rate was 10.5% when CPR was performed before EMS arrival versus 4.0% when CPR was not performed before EMS arrival (P<0.001). When adjustment was made for a propensity score (which included the variables of age, sex, location of cardiac arrest, cause of cardiac arrest, initial cardiac rhythm, EMS response time, time from collapse to call for EMS, and year of event), CPR before the arrival of EMS was associated with an increased 30-day survival rate (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.88 to 2.45). When the time to defibrillation in patients who were found to be in ventricular fibrillation was included in the propensity score, the results were similar. The positive correlation between early CPR and survival rate remained stable over the course of the study period. An association was also observed between the time from collapse to the start of CPR and the 30-day survival rate. CONCLUSIONS CPR performed before EMS arrival was associated with a 30-day survival rate after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest that was more than twice as high as that associated with no CPR before EMS arrival. (Funded by the Laerdal Foundation for Acute Medicine and others.).