Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure Analysis of the Mg2Si1-xSnx System Having Potential Thermoelectric Properties at High Temperature

Laves phases of C15 type of the system Mg2Si1-xSnx with x = 0, 0.4, 0.6 and 1 were synthesized in polycrystalline state in tantalum ampoule heated by high frequency coupling. The as-cast materials were analysed first at room temperature by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Systematically, XRD patterns were recorded up to 700 °C and Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis was performed up to 1200°C to control the chemical and structural phase transformations. From these experiments, a C15 to C36 structure transformation was pointed out around 600°C in Mg2Si1-xSnx.solid solutions.
Cycles of Conditional Cooperation in a Real-Time Voluntary Contribution Mechanism

This paper provides a new way to identify conditional cooperation in a real-time version of the standard voluntary contribution mechanism. We define contribution cycles as the number of contributors a player waits for before committing to a further contribution, and use a permutation test on contribution cycles to assign a measure of conditional cooperation to each group play. The validity of the measures is tested in an experiment. We find that roughly 20% of the plays exhibit dynamics of conditional cooperation. Moreover, notwithstanding a decline in contributions, conditional cooperation is found to be stable over time.
Strategic Human Resource Management and Performance : The Universalistic Approach — Case of Tunisia

In a turbulent environment, human resources are ever asked to provide a sustainable competitive advantage. Firms face a challenge and are expected to ensure better management of their human resources. Essentially based on the human capital theory (Schultz, 1961, Becker 1975) and the resource-based theory (Wernerfelt 1984, Barney, 1986, 1991), the strategic human resource management (SHRM) contributes to improving the firm’s performance. However, SHRM cannot fulfill this role in improving performance unless two conditions are met. On the one hand, the human resources function should contribute actively to the development of the overall strategy of the firm, and especially at its implementation. On the other hand, human capital should be a sustainable competitive advantage and should be a strategic business asset. These resources are neither a given nor a variable adjustment but a strategic lever to achieve the business objectives (Ulrich, 1991, Becker, Huselid and Ulrich, 2001, Becker and Huselid, 2006; Kenneth et al, 2006) and to ensure its performance (Arthur, 1992; Huselid, 1995; Barney, 1990; Becker and Gerhart, 1996). Many researchers have focused on studying the adoption’s impact of certain HRM practices on business performance. The literature offers a variety of empirical approaches that are able to explain the relationship between HRM practices and performance such as: the Universalistic approach, the contingency approach and the configuration approach. In this research, we selected the Universalistic approach. Choosing a quantitative methodological approach, our empirical investigation has led us to conclude that the implementation level of certain strategic HRM practices influences positively the firm’s performance.
Pathways Mediating Resistance to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Targeted Therapy

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–targeted therapy has become an important treatment option for the management of a number of human malignancies. Unfortunately, a significant number of patients do not respond to VEGF-targeted therapy when used as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy. Furthermore, the duration of benefit from VEGF-targeted therapy can be relatively short (weeks to months). Ultimately, the vast majority of patients who initially respond to therapy will develop resistance. To date, the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with resistance to VEGF-targeted agents are poorly understood. The mechanisms of action of anti-VEGF therapy are diverse, and it is entirely possible that resistance mechanisms are similarly diverse and depend on the tumor type. A better understanding of these mechanisms will help in the selection of those patients that are more likely to benefit from VEGF-targeted therapy and also provide for the rational development of therapies that circumvent or overcome resistance.
Area Spectral Efficiency Analysis of Multi-Antenna Two-Tier Cellular Networks

This letter investigates the area spectral efficiency (ASE) of a two-tier network with multi-antenna base stations (BSs). Based on a tractable approximation, some key properties of ASE are analytically revealed. We demonstrate that the additional deployment of small-cell BSs is efficient for improving ASE. For the purpose of ASE maximization, the optimal number of active users is derived for each tier, which has a linear relationship with the number of antennas. Furthermore, under the optimal condition, ASE will increase linearly with the number of antennas. Different from single-antenna networks, we observe that range expansion can have either a positive or a negative effect on ASE.
Childhood cancer incidence: Geographical and temporal variations

Data from the first four volumes of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI‐5) and from the first 5 years of the US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program were analyzed for evidence of geographical and temporal variations in the incidence of selected childhood tumors. Only lymphoid leukemia and glial neoplasms are common enough for the observed differences between US registries to be distinguished from sampling variation. Internationally, kidney and eye tumors and leukemia show less geographical variation than do lymphomas and brain tumors, but for none of the tumors examined is the incidence constant Wilms' tumor rates among Japanese, Singapore Chinese and Indians (Bombay) are approximately 60% of the rates in North America and Britain, whereas in Scandinavia the rates are up to 30% higher. This lessens the status of Wilms' tumor as an “index tumor” of childhood. Areas or countries with especially high or low rates of other tumors are identified. Rates for glial neoplasms (SEER data) and Hodgkin's disease (CI‐S) are increasing with time in the US, while brain tumors are being diagnosed more frequently worldwide. However, the results for brain tumors may largely reflect changes in pathology diagnosis or reporting practices, and those for Hodgkin's disease may reflect improvements in case ascertainment. Otherwise, there is a remarkable stability in the incidence of selected childhood cancers over time.
[A comparative study of the laparoscopic appearance and anatomy of the autonomic nervous in normal males].

OBJECTIVE To further understand the anatomical basis of pelvic autonomic nerve preservation. METHODS Autopsy of five adult male donated cadavers was performed. Meanwhile, ten videos of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for male mid-low rectal cancer admitted from January to June 2012 were observed and studied. Anatomical features of pelvic autonomic nerve were compared between autopsy and laparoscopic appearance. RESULTS Autopsy observations indicated that:the abdominal aortic plexus was situated upon the sides and front of the aorta, between the origins of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. The superior hypogastric plexus was a plexus of nerves situated on the the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta to sacrum; after incision of sacrum fascia was done cling to the sacrum; the pelvic splanchnic nerves and sacral splanchnic nerves were demonstrated; pelvic splanchnic nerves were splanchnic nerves that arised from ventral rami of the second, third, and often the fourth sacral nerves to provide preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut;sacral splanchnic nerves providing postganglionic fibers, emerged from the sympathetic trunk, were then joined by the pelvic splanchnic nerves to form the inferior hypogastric plexuses which were placed lateral to the rectum.Laparoscopic observations showed that:abdominal aortic plexus and superior hypogastric plexus were unclear; at the level of sacroiliac joint, the hypogastric nerve began where the superior hypogastric plexus split into a right and left plexus, situated under the loose connective tissue, and continued inferiorly on its corresponding side of the body at the level of the 3rd sacral vertebra;left hypogastric nerve was closed to posterior of mesorectum;denonvilliers fascia was thin, reflective fascial structure, and easily removed together with mesorectum excision because of anterior loose structure. CONCLUSIONS Ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery at its origin is safe.Excessive dissection of the connective tissue covering the surface of the aorta should be avoided to protect the abdominal aortic plexus.Sharp dissection performed by pursuing the outer surface of the mesorectum maintaining the integrity of mesorectum, could avoid the superior hypogastric plexus and hypogastric nerves injury posteriorly, and protect the inferior hypogastric plexues while cutting lateral ligament laterally. The integrity of Denonvilliers fascia during anterior resection of rectum should be confirmed to avoid urogenitalis aparatus branches damage.
Dynamics of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Revealed by Clustering of Damaged Chromosome Domains

Interactions between ends from different DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can produce tumorigenic chromosome translocations. Two theories for the juxta-position of DSBs in translocations, the static “contact-first” and the dynamic “breakage-first” theory, differ fundamentally in their requirement for DSB mobility. To determine whether or not DSB-containing chromosome domains are mobile and can interact, we introduced linear tracks of DSBs in nuclei. We observed changes in track morphology within minutes after DSB induction, indicating movement of the domains. In a subpopulation of cells, the domains clustered. Juxtaposition of different DSB-containing chromosome domains through clustering, which was most extensive in G1 phase cells, suggests an adhesion process in which we implicate the Mre11 complex. Our results support the breakage-first theory to explain the origin of chromosomal translocations.
Finding a solution: Heparinised saline versus normal saline in the maintenance of invasive arterial lines in intensive care

Background We assessed the impact of heparinised saline versus 0.9% normal saline on arterial line patency. Maintaining the patency of arterial lines is essential for obtaining accurate physiological measurements, enabling blood sampling and minimising line replacement. Use of heparinised saline is associated with risks such as thrombocytopenia, haemorrhage and mis-selection. Historical studies draw variable conclusions but suggest that normal saline is at least as effective at maintaining line patency, although recent evidence has questioned this. Methods We conducted a prospective analysis of the use of heparinised saline versus normal saline on unselected patients in the intensive care of our hospital. Data concerning duration of 471 lines insertion and reason for removal was collected. Results We found a higher risk of blockage for lines flushed with normal saline compared with heparinised saline (RR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.392–3.32, p ≤ 0.001). Of the 56 lines which blocked initially (19 heparinised saline and 37 normal saline lines), 16 were replaced with new lines; 5 heparinised saline lines and 11 normal saline lines were reinserted; 5 of these lines subsequently blocked again, 3 of which were flushed with normal saline. Conclusions Our study demonstrates a clinically important reduction in arterial line longevity due to blockages when flushed with normal saline compared to heparinised saline. We have determined that these excess blockages have a significant clinical impact with further lines being inserted after blockage, resulting in increased risks to patients, wasted time and cost of resources. Our findings suggest that the current UK guidance favouring normal saline flushes should be reviewed.
Exploring the Automatic Selection of Basic Level Concepts

We present a very simple method for selecting Base Level Concepts using basic structural properties of WordNet. We also empirically demonstrate that these automatically derived set of Base Level Concepts group senses into an adequate level of abstraction in order to perform class-based Word Sense Disambiguation. In fact a very naive Most Frequent classifier using the classes selected is able to perform a semantic tagging with accuracy figures over 75%.
Symposium: evaluating the reproducibility of pathological diagnosis using the 1997 Banff classification update

Abstract: The purpose of this symposium was to evaluate the reproducibility of a histological diagnosis in renal allograft nephropathy according to the Banff classification. Seven transplant nephrologists and pathologists independently diagnosed the same glass slide specimens from 10 cases (five cases of acute rejection and five cases of chronic allograft nephropathy). Their diagnoses were collated and analyzed for the reproducibility of histological diagnosis. Consequently, several issues that hinder diagnostic reproducibility were identified.
Adaptive Compression Trie Based Bloom Filter: Request Filter for NDN Content Store

In named data networking (NDN), content store (CS) is proposed to provide on-path cache service. When user’s request with content name is forwarded to NDN node, exact match in CS is carried out first. Under moderate cache hit ratio, most requests result in mismatch in CS searching process, which causes large overhead to the packet forwarding, and the overhead would rise as the scale of CS increases. In this paper, request filter of CS is studied and Compression Trie-based Bloom Filter (CT-BF) is proposed. CT-BF takes advantage of on-chip Bloom Filter to quickly filter out mismatch requests, and Compression Trie is adopted to accommodate the large CS name Trie into space-limited on-chip Bloom Filter. Optimal Compression Trie under space constraint is discussed for the first time and a heuristic approach Adapted Compression Trie based Bloom Filter (ACT-BF) is proposed for on-line operation. Simulation results show that ACT-BF can efficiently filter out mismatch requests with given on-chip space constraint and hence reduce average CS search delay.
Data augmentation, feature combination, and multilingual neural networks to improve ASR and KWS performance for low-resource languages

This paper presents the progress of acoustic models for lowresourced languages (Assamese, Bengali, Haitian Creole, Lao, Zulu) developed within the second evaluation campaign of the IARPA Babel project. This year, the main focus of the project is put on training high-performing automatic speech recognition (ASR) and keyword search (KWS) systems from language resources limited to about 10 hours of transcribed speech data. Optimizing the structure of Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) based feature extraction and switching from the sigmoid activation function to rectified linear units results in about 5% relative improvement over baseline MLP features. Further improvements are obtained when the MLPs are trained on multiple feature streams and by exploiting label preserving data augmentation techniques like vocal tract length perturbation. Systematic application of these methods allows to improve the unilingual systems by 4-6% absolute in WER and 0.064-0.105 absolute in MTWV. Transfer and adaptation of multilingually trained MLPs lead to additional gains, clearly exceeding the project goal of 0.3 MTWV even when only the limited language pack of the target language is used. Index Terms: ASR, KWS, MTWV, MLP, rectified linear units, multilingual, low-resource
Adaptive array detection algorithms with steering vector mismatch

The problem of signals detection with known templates in coloured Gaussian interference is especially relevant for radar applications. The optimum detector requires knowledge of the true interference covariance matrix, which is usually unknown. In practice, the matrix is estimated from target-free training data that must be statistically homogeneous with the test data. Traditional approaches, like the GLRT and AMF, require the availability of such training data. These conditions are normally not always satisfied, which degrades the detection performance. Recently, two single data set approaches that deal only with the test data, namely the GMLED and MLED were introduced. In this paper, we examine the performance of these detection algorithms and their reduced-dimension counterparts under steering vector mismatches. We investigate the cases where there is a mismatch in the spatial and temporal steering vectors.
A randomized controlled clinical trial of zinc, vitamin A or both in undernourished children with persistent diarrhea in Bangladesh

In a double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial, moderately malnourished Bangladeshi children (61–75% of the median weight/age) were studied for the effect of zinc and/or vitamin A supplementation on the clinical outcome of persistent diarrhea. Children 6 mo to 2 y of age with diarrhea for more than 14 d were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 24 receiving a multivitamin syrup and (i) zinc (20 mg elemental), (ii) vitamin A, (iii) both zinc and vitamin A, or (iv) neither, in 2 doses daily for 7 d. Clinical data on recovery and on stool output, consistency and frequency were recorded for 7 d, and weight change from day 1 to day 7 was assessed. The baseline characteristics of the four study groups were comparable. The mean daily stool outputs from days 2 to 7 of therapy were significantly less in the zinc and zinc plus vitamin A groups, but not in the vitamin A group, in comparison with the control group. In children receiving zinc, the cumulative stool weight in the 7 d was 39% less than in the control group (p < 0.001) and 32% less than in the vitamin A group (p= 0.006). The cumulative stool weight in the zinc plus vitamin A group was 24% less than in the control group (p <0.001), but the 14% lower output than in the vitamin A group was not statistically different The change in body weight over the 7d study period was significantly different between the group receiving zinc and the control group (+111 g vs –90 g, p = 0.045). The rate of clinical recovery of children within 7 d was significantly greater in the zinc group (88%) compared with the control group (46%, p= 0.002) or vitamin A group (50%, p= 0 005), but not statistically different from the zinc plus vitamin A group (67%, p= 0.086).
ISO-SWS Observations of Jupiter: Measurement of the Ammonia Tropospheric Profile and of the 15N/14N Isotopic Ratio

We present the results of the Infrared Space Observatory Short Wavelength Spectrometer (ISO-SWS) observations of Jupiter related to ammonia. We focus on two spectral regions; the first one (the 10-μm region), ranging from 9.5 to 11.5 μm, probes atmospheric levels between 1 and 0.2 bar, while the second one (the 5-μm window), ranging from 4.8 to 5.5 μm, sounds the atmosphere between 8 and 2 bar. The two spectral windows cannot be fitted with the same ammonia vertical distribution. From the 10-μm region we infer an ammonia distribution of about half the saturation profile above the 1-bar level, where the N/H ratio is roughly solar. A totally different picture is derived from the 5-μm window, where we determine an upper limit of 3.7×10−5 at 1 bar and find an increasing NH3 abundance at least down to 4 bar. This profile is similar to that measured by the Galileo probe. The discrepancy between the two spectral regions most likely arises from the spatial heterogeneity of Jupiter, the 5-μm window sounding dry areas unveiled by a locally thin cloud cover (the 5-μm hot spots), and the 10-μm region probing the mean jovian atmosphere above 1 bar. The 15NH3 mixing ratio is measured around 400 mbar from ν2 band absorptions in the 10-μm region. We find the atmosphere of Jupiter highly depleted in 15N at this pressure level [(15N/14N)[formula]=1.9+0.9−1.0)×10−3, while (15N/14N)⊕=3.68×10−3]. It is not clear whether this depletion reveals the global jovian 15N/14N ratio. Instead an isotopic fractionation process, taking place during the ammonia cloud condensation, is indicated as a possible mechanism. A fractionation coefficient α higher than 1.08 would explain the observed isotopic ratio, but the lack of laboratory data does not allow us to decide unambiguously on the origin of the observed low 15N/14N ratio.
Cumulative patient effective dose and acute radiation-induced chromosomal DNA damage in children with congenital heart disease

Background The seventh Committee on “Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation” (BEIR VII, 2006) underlines “the need of studies of infants who are exposed to diagnostic radiation because catheters have been placed in their hearts”. Objective To determine the lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of cancer associated with the estimated cumulative radiological dose in 59 children (42 male, age 2.8±3.2 years) with complex congenital heart disease, and to assess chromosomal DNA damage after cardiac catheterisation procedures. Methods In all patients, the cumulative exposure was estimated as effective dose in milliSievert (mSv), and LAR cancer was determined from the BEIR VII report. In a subset of 18 patients (13 male, age 5.2±5.7 years) micronucleus as a biomarker of DNA damage and long-term risk predictor of cancer was assayed before and 2 h after catheterisation procedures. Dose–area product (Gy cm2) was assessed as a measure of patient dose. Results The median life time cumulative effective dose was 7.7 mSv per patient (range 4.6–41.2). Cardiac catheterisation procedures and CT were responsible for 95% of the total effective dose. For a 1-year-old child, the LAR cancer was 1 in 382 (25th to 75th centiles: 1 in 531 to 1 in 187) and 1 in 156 (25th to 75th centiles: 1 in 239 to 1 in 83) for male and female patients, respectively. Median micronucleus values increased significantly after the procedure in comparison with baseline (before 6‰ vs after 9‰, p=0.02). The median dose–area product value was 20 Gy cm2 (range 1–277). Conclusion Children with congenital heart disease are exposed to a significant cumulative dose. Indirect cancer risk estimations and direct DNA data both emphasise the need for strict radiation dose optimisation in children.
An exploratory study into perceived task complexity, topic specificity and usefulness for integrated search

We investigate the relations between user perceptions of work task complexity, topic specificity, and usefulness of retrieved results. 23 academic researchers submitted detailed descriptions of 65 real-life work tasks in the physics domain, and assessed documents retrieved from an integrated collection consisting of full text research articles in PDF, abstracts, and bibliographic records [6]. Bibliographic records were found to be more precise than full text PDFs, regardless of task complexity and topic specificity. PDFs were found to be more useful. Overall, for higher task complexity and topic specificity bibliographic records demonstrated much higher precision than did PDFs on a four-graded usefulness scale.