Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a belief-revision-based adaptive and context-sensitive information retrieval system

In an adaptive information retrieval (IR) setting, the information seekers' beliefs about which terms are relevant or nonrelevant will naturally fluctuate. This article investigates how the theory of belief revision can be used to model adaptive IR. More specifically, belief revision logic provides a rich representation scheme to formalize retrieval contexts so as to disambiguate vague user queries. In addition, belief revision theory underpins the development of an effective mechanism to revise user profiles in accordance with information seekers' changing information needs. It is argued that information retrieval contexts can be extracted by means of the information-flow text mining method so as to realize a highly autonomous adaptive IR system. The extra bonus of a belief-based IR model is that its retrieval behavior is more predictable and explanatory. Our initial experiments show that the belief-based adaptive IR system is as effective as a classical adaptive IR system. To our best knowledge, this is the first successful implementation and evaluation of a logic-based adaptive IR model which can efficiently process large IR collections.
Ethnic Migration in Central and Eastern Europe: Its Historical Background and Contemporary Flows

This article aims to describe the historical background of international ethnic migration in Central and Eastern Europe. The rise and fall of the Habsburg Empire in Central Europe and the Ottoman Empire in Southeastern Europe has been the underlying cause of many ethnic migration flows in Central and Eastern Europe in the post-communist era. Moreover, the German Ostkolonisation, border changes after the two World Wars, and interstate migration in the former Soviet Union caused a large pool of potential ethnic migrants. In addition to the description of this historical background, this article contains a description of important contemporary ethnic migration flows that originate from the aforementioned historical developments, and a discussion of future developments of ethnic migration in Central and Eastern Europe.
Double Histories in Multivocal Classrooms

This article enters an ongoing discussion about the usefulness of different theories and different research designs in the analysis of classroom writing. Starting with questions about how students interpret the norms of writing and their own selves in school writing, it demonstrates the relevance of an ecological theory of writing, methodologically connected to in-depth case studies—double histories—of the dialogical relationship of student and teacher positionings over time. The related concepts of discourse roles and positionings are discussed in the context of the theories of Bakhtin and Mead. The writing double histories of two students and their teacher over 2 years in a Norwegian upper secondary school are presented. Analysis shows informants positioning themselves dialogically in relation to their ideas about self and the other, the social meaning of their written utterances in various school genres, and their changing interpretations of the social rules of school writing.
Modeling Endogenous Mobility in Wage Determiniation

We evaluate the bias from endogenous job mobility in fixed-effects estimates of worker- and firm-specific earnings heterogeneity using longitudinally linked employer-employee data from the LEHD infrastructure file system of the U.S. Census Bureau. First, we propose two new residual diagnostic tests of the assumption that mobility is exogenous to unmodeled determinants of earnings. Both tests reject exogenous mobility. We relax the exogenous mobility assumptions by modeling the evolution of the matched data as an evolving bipartite graph using a Bayesian latent class framework. Our results suggest that endogenous mobility biases estimated firm effects toward zero. To assess validity, we match our estimates of the wage components to out-of-sample estimates of revenue per worker. The corrected estimates attribute much more of the variation in revenue per worker to variation in match quality and worker quality than the uncorrected estimates.
Pathological Personality Traits and Intimacy Processes within Roommate Relationships

Problems with intimacy constitute an important area of interpersonal dysfunction in those with personality pathology. Drawing on the interpersonal process model of intimacy, the present research used a longitudinal dyadic design of same–sex roommate pairs (n = 103) to address how certain pathological personality traits (i.e. Negative Affect, Detachment, and Antagonism) relate to the development of disclosure, perceived responsiveness, and closeness. We expected that participants’ pathological traits would be linked to both their own and their roommate's intimacy development, and that the mechanisms underlying these links would include the endorsement of interpersonal values and/or the dispositional expression of interpersonal behaviour in the roommate relationship. Our findings demonstrate that interpersonal motives and/or behaviours primarily help to explain how individuals with higher levels of Detachment manifest difficulty with intimacy. Implications of our findings for research on personality pathology, normative traits, and intimacy are discussed. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
Ethosuximide converts ictogenic neurons initiating absence seizures into normal neurons in a genetic model

Absence epilepsy is a form of generalized epilepsy commonly seen in children. The neuronal process by which ethosuximide (ETX), a first choice anti‐absence drug, prevents absence seizures is still unresolved. Recent clinical findings have indicated that focal cortical regions are involved during absence seizures. Consistently, it has been shown in genetic models of absence epilepsy that epileptic discharges arise from a delimited region of the cerebral cortex. Here, we made simultaneous in vivo electrocorticographic and intracellular recordings from the cortical focus of the genetic absence epilepsy rat from Strasbourg and examined the effects of systemic injection of ETX at a therapeutic concentration. We show that the interruption of seizures by ETX is correlated with a recovery, in the hyperactive focus neurons, of physiologic values of membrane potential, firing rate, and pattern, as measured in analogous neurons from nonepileptic rats. These data suggest that the anti‐absence action of ETX results from the conversion of ictogenic cortical neurons into normal cortical neurons.
Summer Learning Loss: The Problem and Some Solutions. ERIC Digest.

Summer Learning Loss: The Problem and Some Solutions. ERIC Digest.1 CONCERNS RAISED BY THE LONG SUMMER VACATION. 2 RESEARCH ON SUMMER LEARNING LOSS. 2 THREE REMEDIES FOR SUMMER LEARNING LOSS. 3 CONCLUSION. 5 FOR MORE INFORMATION.5
Reconsultation, self-reported health status and costs following treatment at a musculoskeletal Clinical Assessment and Treatment Service (CATS): a 12-month prospective cohort study

Objectives To determine (1) reconsultation frequency, (2) change in self-reported health status, (3) baseline factors associated with reconsultation and change in health status and (4) associated healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), following assessment at a musculoskeletal Clinical and Assessment Treatment Service (CATS). Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Single musculoskeletal CATS at the primary–secondary care interface. Participants 2166 CATS attenders followed-up by postal questionnaires at 6 and 12 months and review of medical records. Outcome measures Primary outcome was consultation in primary care with the same musculoskeletal problem within 12 months. Secondary outcome measures were consultation at the CATS with the same musculoskeletal problem within 12 months, physical function and pain (Short Form-36), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), time off work, healthcare costs and QALYs. Results Over 12 months, 507 (38%) reconsulted for the same problem in primary care and 345 (26%) at the CATS. Primary care reconsultation in the first 3 months was associated with baseline pain interference (relative risk ratio 5.33; 95% CI 3.23 to 8.80) and spinal pain (1.75; 1.09 to 2.82), and after 3–6 months with baseline assessment by a hospital specialist (2.06; 1.13 to 3.75). Small mean improvements were seen in physical function (1.88; 95% CI 1.44 to 2.32) and body pain (3.86; 3.38 to 4.34) at 6 months. Poor physical function at 6 months was associated with obesity, chronic pain and poor baseline physical function. Mean (SD) 6-month cost and QALYs per patient were £422.40 (660.11) and 0.257 (0.144), respectively. Conclusions While most patients are appropriate for a ‘one-stop shop’ model, those with troublesome, disabling pain and spinal pain commonly reconsult and have ongoing problems. Services should be configured to identify and address such clinical complexity.
MMM: a sequence-to-structure alignment protocol

MOTIVATION Accurate alignment of a target sequence to a template structure continues to be a bottleneck in producing good quality comparative protein structure models. RESULTS Multiple Mapping Method (MMM) is a comparative protein structure modeling server with an emphasis on a novel alignment optimization protocol. MMM takes inputs from five profile-to-profile based alignment methods. The alternatively aligned regions from the input alignment set are combined according to their fit in the structural environment of the template structure. The resulting, optimally spliced MMM alignment is used as input to an automated comparative modeling module to produce a full atom model. AVAILABILITY The MMM server is freely accessible at http://www.fiserlab. org/servers/mmm
Influence of Ovariectomy on Bone Turnover and Trabecular Bone Mass in Mature Cynomolgus Monkeys

Purpose To examine the influence of ovariectomy (OVX) on bone turnover and trabecular bone mass at the 3 clinically important skeletal sites in mature cynomolgus monkeys. Materials and Methods Six female cynomolgus monkeys, aged 17-21 years, were randomized into 2 groups by the stratified weight: the OVX and sham-operation groups (n = 3 in each group). The experimental period was 16 months. Lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) in vivo and serum and urinary bone turnover markers were longitudinally measured, and peripheral quantitative computed tomographic and bone histomorphometric analyses were performed on trabecular bone of the lumbar vertebra, femoral neck, and distal radius at the end of the experiment. Results OVX induced in a reduction in lumbar BMD compared with the sham controls and the baseline, as a result of increased serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and urinary levels of cross-lined N- and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen. Furthermore, OVX induced reductions in trabecular volumetric BMD and trabecular bone mass compared with the sham controls, with increased bone formation rate at the lumbar vertebra, femoral neck, and distal radius. Conclusion The results indicated that OVX in mature cynomolgus monkeys (17-21 years of age) increased bone turnover and induced trabecular bone loss at the three skeletal sites compared with the sham controls. Thus, mature cynomolgus monkeys could be utilized for preclinical studies to examine the effects of interventions on bone turnover and trabecular bone mass at the 3 clinically important skeletal sites.
The correct name for a section of Ludwigia L. (Onagraceae)

Abstract In 1953, Hara provided new combinations for many sectional and species names when he combined Jussiaea L. with Ludwigia L. , and at the time, Ludwigia sect. Oligospermum (Micheli) H.Hara was the correct name for one well-defined section. However, subsequent changes to/clarifications of the botanical code have necessitated a change for that name in that now an autonym is treated as having priority over the name or names of the same date and rank that established it. Since Hara’s combination was based on Jussiaea sect. Oligospermum Micheli, the correct name for this section is Ludwigia sect. Jussiaea (L.) Hoch, W.L. Wagner, & P.H. Raven.
Total cost of ownership model for data center technology evaluation

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is a comprehensive tool for cost estimation, provisioning, and decision making in a data center. The goal of this paper is to introduce an accurate yet simple model of TCO for data centers. TCO-estimation helps to clear the cost trade-offs, highlights the most impactful parameters on TCO in a datacenter which helps us to focus on research and development efforts to optimize such parameters. In a nutshell TCO consists of five major costs: infrastructure, server acquisition, power utilization, networking equipment, and maintenance cost. Each of these costs needs to be estimated as accurate as possible. This version of TCO model has distinguished features such as capturing different options for utility billing, Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) as a factor of saving power cost, and comprehensive maintenance model. By studying a few cases such as comparing different cooling solutions, high-efficiency power delivery solutions, and data center parametric sensitivity analysis, we can show the power of this analytical yet simple tool to connect the IT performance to the business performance in a data center.
Hijabers: How young urban muslim women redefine themselves in Indonesia

This paper analyzes the dissemination of ‘Hijaber’ style through different forms of cyber media (blogs and social network sites) in order to determine how young, computer savvy Muslim Indonesians explore their gender and religious identities while working in the ‘creative economy’ through cyberspace. This article shows the plurality and flexibility of the Hijaber trend—compared to more conventional forms—and explores its significance for urban Indonesian youth.
Is blood flow in the middle cerebral artery determined by systemic arterial stiffness?

Abstract Background and purpose. The relationship between systemic arterial stiffness and parameters of cerebral circulation is poorly understood. We aimed to assess the relation between pulsatility (PI) and resistance (RI) indexes of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and brachial pulse pressure (PP). Methods. Bilateral transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) examination of the MCAs was performed using the GE Vivid 3 Ultrasound, equipped with a 2.5-MHz probe and PI and RI were calculated. Aortic PWV was obtained with the Complior device (Colson France). Conventional blood pressures were measured at the time of TCD. Data regarding risk-profile constituents, habits and medication use were recorded. Subjects with occlusion or significant stenosis of carotid arteries or MCA, previous or acute stroke, temporary ischaemic attack, bilaterally absent transtemporal sonographic windows, dysrhythmia, haematocrit value <30% or >48% were excluded. Results. Of the 165 included subjects (mean age, 56.70±11.80 years, range 22–86 years), 50.3% were men, 20.9% smokers, 20.7% diabetic and 63.4% hypertensive. PWV correlated to both PI (r=0.45, p<0.001) and RI (r=0.36, p<0.001) of MCA. A similar relation was found for PP and PI (r=0.32, p<0.001) or RI (r=0.30, p<0.001). Age, diabetes and hypertension, but not chronic tobacco smoking, interfered with MCA flow parameters. In multivariate adjusted regression analysis, PP was related to both PI and RI of MCA (p<0.001). In similar models, increased PWV was related to PI (p=0.007), but not RI (p=0.08) of MCA. Conclusions. Increased PI and RI of MCA are closely related to measures of increased aortic stiffness.
The ubiquitin proteasome system in glia and its role in neurodegenerative diseases

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is crucial for intracellular protein homeostasis and for degradation of aberrant and damaged proteins. The accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease, leading to the hypothesis that proteasomal impairment is contributing to these diseases. So far, most research related to the UPS in neurodegenerative diseases has been focused on neurons, while glial cells have been largely disregarded in this respect. However, glial cells are essential for proper neuronal function and adopt a reactive phenotype in neurodegenerative diseases, thereby contributing to an inflammatory response. This process is called reactive gliosis, which in turn affects UPS function in glial cells. In many neurodegenerative diseases, mostly neurons show accumulation and aggregation of ubiquitinated proteins, suggesting that glial cells may be better equipped to maintain proper protein homeostasis. During an inflammatory reaction, the immunoproteasome is induced in glia, which may contribute to a more efficient degradation of disease-related proteins. Here we review the role of the UPS in glial cells in various neurodegenerative diseases, and we discuss how studying glial cell function might provide essential information in unraveling mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.
Comparison of synthesis routes of inorganic fullerene-like nano-additives for wind turbine lubrication: Application of Life Cycle Assessment approach

Inorganic fullerene like nanoparticles made of transition metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M=Mo, W,., X=S, Se.) are considered as anti-wear and friction additives allowing excellent lubricating properties thanks to their small size and morphology. Comparing their different synthesis routes is of interest with respect to environmental impact assessment. This issue has been addressed using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach in the case of MoS2 nanoparticles. We have used available inventory data for reactants and electricity supply obtained from literature and database. The objectives were to evaluate the feasibility of this approach at design stage for comparison of the most relevant synthesis strategies of MoS2.
Human Prenatal Nasal Bone Lengths: Normal Standards and Length Values in Fetuses with Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

Objective The aim of this study was to present prenatal autopsy standards for nasal bone length in normal fetuses, as well as to compare nasal bone lengths in human fetuses with cleft lip and palate with those standards. Material and Methods The material consisted of human fetuses investigated in connection with diagnosed and legally approved abortions and spontaneous abortions; 40 were normal and 26 had cleft lip and palate (7 isolated cleft lip, 12 isolated cleft palate, and 7 combined cleft lip and palate). Menstrual ages (MA) ranged from 12 to 25 weeks, crown-rump length (CRL) from 55 to 210 mm and foot length (FL) from 7 to 44 mm. All fetuses were radiographed in lateral projection, and, using these images, the nasal bone lengths were measured with a digital caliper. Regression analyses were performed. Results Standards for normal nasal bone length at different ages are expressed as menstrual age, crown-rump length, or foot length. Comparisons with normal standards showed that the isolated cleft lip group had a significantly smaller nasal bone length than the normal fetuses had. Fetuses with isolated cleft palate and fetuses with combined cleft lip and palate showed no significant deviation from normal standards. Conclusion Normal nasal bone standards can contribute to information on deviations in nasal bone length for aborted fetuses with known and unknown genotypes. The differences in nasal bone lengths in fetuses with different lip and palate clefting can contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of cleft lip and palate.
SimKnowledge - Multi agent-based simulation of knowledge sharing

Even though there is abundant literature on successful cases of organizations applying knowledge management (KM) instruments, many KM initiatives have failed to achieve their knowledge and business goals. In order to foster decisions about the design of such initiatives, information is required on success factors and barriers when selecting KM instruments. Multi-agent based simulation (MABS) is suggested as an instrument to investigate potential effects of KM instruments on dependent variables such as knowledge goals, e.g., sharing of knowledge in organizations, or business goals, e.g., business performance. For such a simulation, the concept of knowledge sharing, influencing factors and their impact on business and knowledge goals have to be operationalized. This paper presents such a model which is based on an extensive multidisciplinary literature survey. The model is implemented in a MABS tool used for a series of experiments contrasting results with/without KM instruments. Finally, the paper discusses results, limitations, further enhancements and practical implications of the simulation.
On non-dissipative wave–mean interactions in the atmosphere or oceans

Idealized model examples of non-dissipative wave–mean interactions, using smallamplitude and slow-modulation approximations, are studied in order to re-examine the usual assumption that the only important interactions are dissipative. The results clarify and extend the body of wave–mean interaction theory on which our present understanding of, for instance, the global-scale atmospheric circulation depends (e.g. Holton et al. 1995). The waves considered are either gravity or inertia–gravity waves. The mean flows need not be zonally symmetric, but are approximately ‘balanced’ in a sense that non-trivially generalizes the standard concepts of geostrophic or higherorder balance at low Froude and/or Rossby number. Among the examples studied are cases in which irreversible mean-flow changes, capable of persisting after the gravity waves have propagated out of the domain of interest, take place without any need for wave dissipation. The irreversible mean-flow changes can be substantial in certain circumstances, such as Rossby-wave resonance, in which potential-vorticity contours are advected cumulatively. The examples studied in detail use shallow-water systems, but also provide a basis for generalizations to more realistic, stratified flow models. Independent checks on the analytical shallow-water results are obtained by using a different method based on particle-following averages in the sense of ‘generalized Lagrangian-mean theory’, and by verifying the theoretical predictions with nonlinear numerical simulations. The Lagrangian-mean method is seen to generalize easily to the three-dimensional stratified Boussinesq model, and to allow a partial generalization of the results to finite amplitude. This includes a finite-amplitude mean potential-vorticity theorem with a larger range of validity than had been hitherto recognized.