Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Globalization of technology

This two-volume guide points readers to the key texts pertaining to the wide range of academic disciplines and subject areas known as the social sciences. The concentration here is on economics; political economy; politics; sociology; law; management and business; psychology and organizational psychology; organizational behavior; human geography; international relations; and research and analysis methods. Entries were prepared to be useful to students or researchers beginning a literature search, and to teachers and lecturers constructing reading lists. Each signed entry offers a critical analysis of selected works (mostly books, rather than articles; secondary sources exclusively). In addition to the standard-length entries are longer entries on each subject area and on the history and development of the social sciences. Arrangement is alphabetical; a thematic list and cross references provide further access.
Evaluation of SPM-induced optical signal distortions in ultra-dense mixed-WDM system

The authors have investigated the impact of self-phase modulation (SPM) induced distortions to optical signal transmission over proposed configuration of spectrally efficient wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) fiber-optic transmission system (FOTS). In chosen model of ultra-dense mixed-WDM system optical signals are transmitted with two different per channel bitrates (i.e., 10 and 40 Gbit/s) and three different optical signal modulation formats are used for the encoding of transmitted data (i.e., non-return to zero encoded on-off keying or NRZ-OOK, orthogonal polarization shift keying or 2-POLSK and NRZ encoded differential phase shift keying or NRZ-DPSK). In addition, “non ITU-T” defined minimum and equal frequency intervals are used for the channels separation. This research revealed that 2-POLSK modulated signals are more susceptible to the impact of SPM in such ultra-dense mixed transmission mode than e.g., NRZ-DPSK signals.
Motivos, apoyo social y comportamientos de adhesión en personas con VIH: modelamiento con ecuaciones estructurales

A cross-sectional study was carried out in order to assess the influence of a set of psychological and social variables on adherence behaviors in a sample of 69 persons with HIV, using a structural equations model. The final model revealed a strong influence of motives and social support on adherence behaviors, both explaining 49% of the total variance; also, an effect of adherence behaviors on viral load levels and of this one on T CD4+ cell counts were observed. The current study contributes to understand variables underlying adherence behaviors in a sample of persons with HIV, and therefore intervention programs directed to promote and/or to maintain these behaviors must to consider the specific weight of some psychological and social variables along the behavioral continuum.
Abundance and Distributions of Eukaryote Protein Simple Sequences*

Protein simple sequences are a subclass of low complexity regions of sequence that are highly enriched in one or a few residue types. Such sequences are common in transcription regulatory proteins, in structural proteins, in proteins involved in nucleic acid interactions, and in mediating protein-protein interactions. Simple sequences of 10 or more residues, containing ≥50% of a single residue type are surveyed in this work. Both eukaryote and prokaryote proteomes are investigated with emphasis on the eukaryotes. Very large numbers of such sequences are found in all organisms surveyed. It is found that eukaryotes possess far more simple sequences per protein than do the prokaryotes. Prokaryotes display a linear relationship between number of proteins containing simple sequences and proteome size, whereas it is not clear that such a relationship holds for eukaryotes. Strikingly, it is found that each eukaryote possesses its own unique distribution of simple sequences. Within those distributions it is found that simple sequences enriched in certain residue types are clearly favored, whereas others are just as clearly discriminated against. The preferences observed are not correlated with residue occurrence. An analysis of classes of proteins of known function suggests that simple sequence occurrence and distribution may be related to protein function. Based upon this analysis, the large number of simple sequences found above that would be expected from a simple statistical model, plus the known functional importance of numerous such sequences, it is postulated that eukaryotes have evolved to not only tolerate large numbers of simple sequences but also to require them.
Morphological changes of the adipose cell plasma membrane during lipolysis

Morphological changes of the plasma membrane in the white adipose cell associated with lipid mobilization were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively on freeze-fracture replicas of epididymal adipose tissue from fasted and from streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The number of plasma membrane invaginations and intramembranous particles were evaluated per square micrometer of membrane and per entire adipocyte. These two determinations show that the number per square micrometer (local concentration) of both structural features progressively increases with the duration of diabetes and fasting, while that at the same time their number per entire cell (total content) remains unchanged. These data thus show: (a) a reorganization of the adipose cell plasma membrane during lipolysis; and (b) that this reorganization can be detected only by determining the concentration and the total content of the structural features of the membrane involved.
will be inserted by hand later ) X-ray emission from the blazar AO 0235 + 16 : the XMM-Newton and Chandra point of view ⋆

In this paper we analyse five observations of the BL Lac object AO 0235+16 performed with the Chandra and XMM-Newton satellites during the years 2000–2005. In the February 2002 observation the source is found in a bright state and presents a steep X-ray spectrum, while in all the other epochs it is faint and the spectrum is hard. The soft X-ray spectrum appears to be strongly absorbed, likely by the intervening system at z = 0.524, which also absorbs the optical–UV radiation. We find that models that consider spectral curvature are superior to single power law ones in fitting the X-ray spectrum. In particular, we favour a double power law model, which agrees with the assumption of a superposition of two different components in the X-ray domain. Both in the Chandra and in one of the XMM-Newton observations, a tentative detection of the redshifted Fe Kα emission line may suggest its origin from the inner part of an accretion disc. Thermal emission from this accretion disc might explain the UV–soft-X-ray bump that appears in the spectral energy distributions, when the X-ray spectra are complemented with the optical–UV data from the Optical Monitor onboard XMM-Newton. More likely, the bump can be interpreted in terms of an additional synchrotron component emitted from an inner region of the jet with respect to that where the lower-energy emission comes from. An inspection of the X-ray light curves reveals that intraday variability occurs only when the source is in a bright state.
Equity and relationship quality influences on organizational citizenship behaviors: The mediating role of trust in the supervisor and empowerment

Purpose – To develop and test an expanded social exchange model of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) that includes characteristics of the social context (i.e. perceived fairness and leader‐member exchange (LMX)) as well as the capacity (i.e. trust in the supervisor and psychological empowerment) to engage in citizenship behaviors.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from a matched sample of 183 Hong Kong investment‐banking personnel and their supervisors. Multiple regression was used to test direct and mediating effects.Findings – Analyses provide strong support for the direct effects of trust in the supervisor and psychological empowerment on all dimensions of OCBs. Trust in the supervisor played an important mediating role in all relationships. Only one dimension of empowerment (i.e. impact) acted as a mediator.Originality/value – This study extends the social exchange conceptualization of OCB to include both equity and interpersonal relationship influences. The influence of empower.
The roles of supernumerical X chromosomes and XIST expression in testicular germ cell tumors.

PURPOSE An overabundance of X chromosomes in testicular germ cell tumors and the identification of the candidate testicular germ cell tumor susceptibility gene TGCT1 on Xq27 highlight the potential involvement of X chromosomes in testicular germ cell tumor pathogenesis. The current study was designed to shed light on the question whether the multiple X chromosomes in testicular germ cell tumor are active or inactive through a complex mechanism of X chromosomal gain and XIST expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 4 testicular germ cell tumor derived cell lines and 20 primary testicular germ cell tumor tissues. The number of X chromosomes was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization using the X chromosome specific probe. The expression patterns of XIST and the 3 X-linked genes androgen receptor (AR), fragile X mental retardation (FMR1 ) and Glypican 3 (GPC3 ) were studied by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Bisulfite genomic sequencing was used to analyze the methylation patterns of the AR, FMR1 and GPC3 genes. The relative expression levels of the 2 X-linked proto-oncogenes ARAF1 and ELK1 were assayed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS XIST expression was common in seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors (2 of 2 or 100% of seminoma derived cell lines and 10 of 12 or 83% of seminomatous testicular germ cell tumor tissues) but not in nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors (0 of 2 or 0% nonseminoma derived cell lines and 2 of 8 or 25% of nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumor tissues). However, X chromosomal gain was consistently observed in the 2 types of tumors. XIST expression in testicular germ cell tumors and normal testicular parenchyma was not associated with methylation of the AR, FMR1 or GPC3 genes. After determining the expression patterns of AR, FMR1 and GPC3 in testicular germ cell tumor samples we concluded that multiple X chromosomes in testicular germ cell tumors were predominantly hypomethylated and active regardless of XIST expression. The biological significance of excess active X chromosomes in testicular germ cell tumors was suggested by enhanced expression of the 2 X-linked oncogenes ARAF1 and ELK1 in the testicular germ cell tumor derived cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The current data may suggest the potential oncogenic implications of X chromosomal gain in testicular germ cell tumors.
Prognostic value of hepatocyte proliferative activity after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

OBJECTIVES:Previous data indicated that the proliferating cell nuclear antigen–labeling index (PCNA-LI) reflects the liver functional reserve in human liver cirrhosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the hepatocyte proliferative activity as a marker for the outcome of patients after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). METHODS:Twenty-eight consecutive patients were electively treated with TIPS for recurrent variceal bleeding (n = 14), refractory ascites (n = 12), or hydrothorax (n = 2). PCNA immunostaining was analyzed on methanol-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver biopsies.RESULTS:After TIPS, six patients died within the first 3 months, eight other patients died later, two were transplanted, and 12 were alive at the time of analysis. Early death occurred in patients with refractory ascites (5/12) and/or in Child C patients (3/6). Among the evaluated variables, there was a statistical trend for the PCNA-LI to be lower in patients who died early after TIPS than in those having long term survival (1.55% vs 2.65%, p = 0.07). After TIPS insertion, the probability of remaining alive during the first 6 months of follow-up was significantly higher in patients with a preprocedural PCNA-LI > 2.9%. CONCLUSIONS:The PCNA-LI measured on liver biopsy before the TIPS procedure might be a pre-TIPS marker to discriminate those patients for whom TIPS is likely to be beneficial.
Correlation Between Brain Imaging and Glasgow Coma Scale in Traumatic Head Injury in Pediatrics

Objectives: The aim of this work is to study the relationship between the initial GCS and admission brain CT findings and MRI brain findings if indicated in head trauma patients at pediatric age group. Background: Trauma is a leading cause of death in children older than 1 year, with head trauma representing 80% or more of the injuries. In approximately 5% of head trauma cases, patients die at the site of the accident. Head trauma has a high emotional, psychosocial and economic impact because these patients often have comparatively long hospital stays. Methods: This prospective study included 100 patients with head trauma at pediatric age group; the patients were evaluated with respect to their initial GCS and admission brain CT findings and correlated with clinical data. Some patients were further evaluated with MRI of brain when needed. Results: Male to female ratio was 73:27, their ages ranged from 1 day to 18 years with a mean age of 9.1 years. Of the 100 cases included in this study 21 cases were with normal CT examination and 79 were with abnormal imaging findings. 54% of the cases classified as mild TBI, 8% of the cases classified as moderate TBI and 38% of the cases classified as severe TBI. Imaging findings such as subgaleal hematoma, skull fractures, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral contusion, intracerebral hemorrhage, extra-axial blood collection and diffuse cerebral edema were observed in 79% of the patients. Conclusion: Statistical significance was observed between GCS and the imaging findings, the lower the GCS score, the more severe were the TBI and imaging findings. MRI has been shown to be superior to CT in the detection of non-hemorrhagic brain injury and cases of diffuse axonal injury.
Progress in Direct Noise Computation

The needs for accurate and efficient numerical solvers in computational aeroacoustics have motivated the development of low-dispersion and low-dissipation schemes as an alternative to more classical methods of applied mathematics for computational fluid mechanics over the last two decades. These numerical methods have now reached maturity, even if progress is still necessary to take account of specific physics. The paper provides a short overview of some recent developments and applications involving the direct computation of aerodynamic noise with applications to subsonic and supersonic jet noise, to cavity noise and to self-excited internal flows.
A Test for the Implementation–Maintenance Model of Reappraisal

Reappraisal has been defined as a conscious, deliberate change in the way an emotional stimulus is interpreted, initiated in order to change its emotion-eliciting character (Gross, 2002). Reappraisal can be used to down-regulate negative emotions, including anxiety (reviewed in Kalisch, 2009). There is currently a strong interest in identifying the cognitive processes and neural substrates that mediate reappraisal. We have recently proposed a model (termed implementation–maintenance model or IMMO) that conceptualizes reappraisal as a temporally extended, dynamic, and multi-componential process (Kalisch, 2009). A key tenet of IMMO is that reappraisal episodes are marked by an early phase of implementation that may comprise strategy selection and retrieval of reappraisal material into working memory, and a later phase of maintenance that may comprise working memory and performance monitoring processes. These should be supported by dissociable neural networks. We here show, using a detachment-from-threat paradigm and concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging, that reappraisal-related brain activity shifts from left posterior to right anterior parts of the lateral frontal cortex during the course of a reappraisal episode. Our data provide first empirical evidence for the existence of two separable reappraisal stages. Implications for further model development are discussed.
Trade induced technical change? The impact of Chinese imports on IT and innovation

Despite popular belief among politicians and the public, the consensus amongst empirical economists is that trade has not been a major cause of increased wage inequality in advanced countries and that technological and institutional change are much more important. Recent theoretical work shows how trade can induce technical change, however. Furthermore, the consensus was reached using data predating the rise of China in the 1990s. In this paper, we examine the impact of the growth of Chinese imports on a panel of 30,000 establishments in 14 European countries. We find that Chinese import competition is associated with a significant increase in the adoption of new technology (measured by usage of information technology) and the generation of innovation (measured by patenting intensity). We also find that exposure to trade with China significantly reduce the probability of plant survival and employment growth, but this effect is significant only for low-tech firms. The wave of Chinese trade has therefore caused a within and between plant increase in average IT intensity. Despite these significant effects our calculations suggest that trade still only accounts for a relatively small proportion of the aggregate increase in technical change, so does not appear to overturn the conventional wisdom that trade is still less important than technical change. JEL No. O33, F14, L25, L60,
On the Various Types of D-Branes in the Boundary H+(3) Model

We comment on the D-brane solutions for the boundary H3+ model that have been proposed so far and point out that many more types of D-branes should be considered possible. We start a systematic derivation of the 1/2- and b^{-2}/2-shift equations corresponding to each type. These equations serve as consistency conditions and we discuss their possible solutions. On this basis, we show for the known AdS_2^(d) branes, that only strings transforming in finite dimensional SL(2) representations can couple to them. Moreover, we also demonstrate that strings in the infinite dimensional continuous SL(2) representations do not couple consistently to the known AdS_2 branes. For some other types, we show that no consistent solutions seem to exist at all.
RNNDROP: A novel dropout for RNNS in ASR

Recently, recurrent neural networks (RNN) have achieved the state-of-the-art performance in several applications that deal with temporal data, e.g., speech recognition, handwriting recognition and machine translation. While the ability of handling long-term dependency in data is the key for the success of RNN, combating over-fitting in training the models is a critical issue for achieving the cutting-edge performance particularly when the depth and size of the network increase. To that end, there have been some attempts to apply the dropout, a popular regularization scheme for the feed-forward neural networks, to RNNs, but they do not perform as well as other regularization scheme such as weight noise injection. In this paper, we propose rnnDrop, a novel variant of the dropout tailored for RNNs. Unlike the existing methods where dropout is applied only to the non-recurrent connections, the proposed method applies dropout to the recurrent connections as well in such a way that RNNs generalize well. Our experiments show that rnnDrop is a better regularization method than others including weight noise injection. Namely, when deep bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) RNNs were trained with rnnDrop as acoustic models for phoneme and speech recognition, they significantly outperformed the current state-of-the-arts; we achieved the phoneme error rate of 16.29% on the TIMIT core test set for phoneme recognition and the word error rate of 5.53% on the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) dataset, dev93, for speech recognition, which are the best reported results on both of the datasets.
Robust prosodic features for speaker identification

The paper describes the use of prosodic features for speaker identification. Features based on the pitch and energy contours of speech are described and the relative importance of each feature for speaker identification is investigated. The mean and variance of the pitch period in voiced sections of speech are shown to be particularly useful at discriminating between speakers. Fusing these features with a hidden Markov model speaker identification system gave a marked improvement in figure of merit; over 30% gain was achieved on the six NIST 1995 evaluation tests presented. Handset variability is known to have an adverse effect on performance when traditional spectral features are used, e.g. cepstra. Results are presented showing that the prosodic features are more robust to handset variability.
Adaptive Real-Time Communication for Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems

Low-power wireless technology promises greater flexibility and lower costs in cyber-physical systems. To reap these benefits, communication protocols must deliver packets reliably within real-time deadlines across resource-constrained devices, while adapting to changes in application requirements (e.g., traffic demands) and network state (e.g., link qualities). Existing protocols do not solve all these challenges simultaneously, because their operation is either localized or a function of network state, which changes unpredictably over time. By contrast, this article claims a global approach that does not use network state information as input can overcome these limitations. The Blink protocol proves this claim by providing hard guarantees on end-to-end deadlines of received packets in multi-hop low-power wireless networks, while seamlessly handling changes in application requirements and network state. We build Blink on the non-real-time Low-Power Wireless Bus (LWB) and design new scheduling algorithms based on the earliest-deadline-first policy. Using a dedicated priority queue data structure, we demonstrate a viable implementation of our algorithms on resource-constrained devices. Experiments show that Blink (i) meets all deadlines of received packets, (ii) delivers 99.97% of packets on a 94-node testbed, (iii) minimizes communication energy consumption within the limits of the underlying LWB, (iv) supports end-to-end deadlines of 100ms across four hops and nine sources, and (v) runs up to 4.1 × faster than a conventional scheduler implementation on popular microcontrollers.
Performance Analysis of Relay Selection With Feedback Delay and Channel Estimation Errors

In this letter, we investigate the effect of feedback delay and channel estimation errors in a decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative network with relay selection. In particular, we consider a multirelay cooperative scenario, where the best relay is selected from a subset of relays that are able to decode the source information correctly. In the selection scenario, the destination terminal estimates the relay-to-destination (R → D) channel state information (CSI) and sends the index of the best relay to the relay terminals via a delayed feedback link. We investigate the performance of the considered scenario in terms of average symbol error rate (ASER) and asymptotic diversity order. Simulation results are presented to corroborate the analytical results.
COMPOSITION OF CURRENT AND PREVIOUS SEASON'S BRANCH GROWTH IN RELATION TO VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE RESPONSES IN PYRUS MALUS L.

The purpose of this experimental project was to determine the response of apple trees to different combinations of the principal fertilizer constituents, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but with the elimination of the variables usually present in most field experiments. The phase of the investigation reported in this paper is concerned with the association of vegetative and reproductive responses to the internal conditions as represented by analysis of metabolically active tissues at different periods in the growth cycle.