Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypomagnesaemia, the kidney and the vessels.

The morbidity and mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis patients remain excessive, despite increasing knowledge on the role of a multitude of cardiovascular risk factors. As a hallmark of this, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in these populations failed to demonstrate survival benefit of interventions successfully targeted on well-accepted risk factors in the general population or on dialysis efficiency [1]. Extensive research has confronted the nephrology community with a complex and elusive network of pathophysiological pathways. In contrast, our knowledge of basic elements, such as magnesium, remains surprisingly scarce. Nevertheless, emerging evidence, be it mostly circumstantial, from in vitro and in vivo studies, indicates that hypomagnesaemia, or rather a magnesium deficit per se might convey nephrotoxicity together with negative cardiovascular effects. Alternatively, higher serum magnesium levels might be beneficial. This review aims to further critically appraise and outline this premise. Of importance, the interventional trials targeting magnesium status in CKD and dialysis patients are almost non-existent. Confounding by unmeasured residual subclinical disease and multicollinearity could subsequently hamper the interpretability of the observational evidence. Hypomagnesaemia might merely be considered a 'risk marker' rather than 'risk factor'. Future studies in the CKD and dialysis population therefore should meticulously address causality in order to allow the development of guidelines on optimal target values.
TaskNav: Task-Based Navigation of Software Documentation

To help developers navigate documentation, we introduce Task Nav, a tool that automatically discovers and indexes task descriptions in software documentation. With Task Nav, we conceptualize tasks as specific programming actions that have been described in the documentation. Task Nav presents these extracted task descriptions along with concepts, code elements, and section headers in an auto-complete search interface. Our preliminary evaluation indicates that search results identified through extracted task descriptions are more helpful to developers than those found through other means, and that they help bridge the gap between documentation structure and the information needs of software developers. Video: https://www.youtube. com/watch? v=opnGYmMGnqY.
Analysis of multiscale methods for stochastic differential equations

We analyze a class of numerical schemes proposed [26] for stochastic differential equations with multiple time scales. Both advective and diffusive time scales are considered. Weak as well as strong convergence theorems are proven. Most of our results are optimal. They in turn allow us to provide a thorough discussion on the efficiency as well as optimal strategy for the method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Development of Intelligence

Preface. List of Contributors. Introduction. M. Anderson, Project Development - The Shape of Things to Come. Part I: The Assessment of Intelligence in Development. I. Styles, The Study of Intelligence - The Interplay Between Theory and Measurement. J. Colombo, J. Frick, Recent Advances and Issues in the Study of Preverbal Intelligence. Part II: Behaviour Genetics. D. Hay, The Developmental Genetics of Intelligence. J.S. Reznick, R. Corley, What Twins Can Tell Us About the Development of Intelligence - A Case Study. Part III: Theories of Intellectual Development. B. Torff, H. Gardner, The Vertical Mind - The Case for Multiple Intelligences. H. Davis, M. Anderson, Intelligence and Development - One Dimension or Two? G. Halford, The Development of Intelligence Includes the Capacity to Process Relations of Greater Complexity. F. Dempster, A. Corkhill, Neo-interference Research and the Development of Intelligence. Part IIII: Accelerated and Decelerated Development. T. Nettelbeck, Savant Syndrome - Rhyme Without Reason. H.H. Spitz, Attempts to Raise Intelligence. R.M. Hodapp, E. Ziegler, Intellectual Development and Mental Retardation - Some Continuing Controversies. Part V: Conclusion. M. Anderson, Project Development - Taking Stock.
Genetic Diversity and Elite Allele Mining for Grain Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Association Mapping

Mining elite alleles for grain size and weight is of importance for the improvement of cultivated rice and selection for market demand. In this study, association mapping for grain traits was performed on a selected sample of 628 rice cultivars using 262 SSRs. Grain traits were evaluated by grain length (GL), grain width (GW), grain thickness (GT), grain length to width ratio (GL/GW), and 1000-grain weight (TGW) in 2013 and 2014. Our result showed abundant phenotypic and genetic diversities found in the studied population. In total, 2953 alleles were detected with an average of 11.3 alleles per locus. The population was divided into seven subpopulations and the levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD) ranged from 34 to 84 cM. Genome-wide association mapping detected 10 marker trait association (MTAs) loci for GL, 1MTAs locus for GW, 7 MTAs loci for GT, 3 MTAs loci for GL/GW, and 1 MTAs locus for TGW. Twenty-nine, 2, 10, 5, and 3 elite alleles were found for the GL, GW, GT, GL/GW, and TGW, respectively. Optimal cross designs were predicted for improving the target traits. The accessions containing elite alleles for grain traits mined in this study could be used for breeding rice cultivars and cloning the candidate genes.
Speaker Adaptation Based on PPCA of Acoustic Models in a Two-Way Array Representation

SUMMARY We propose a speaker adaptation method based on the probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) of acoustic models. We deﬁne a training matrix which is represented in a two-way array and de-compose the training models by PPCA to construct bases. In the two-way array representation, each training model is represented as a matrix and the columns of each training matrix are treated as training vectors. We formulate the adaptation equation in the maximum a posteriori (MAP) framework using the bases and the prior.
PENGUJIAN TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM) DAN THEORY PLANNED BEHAVIOR (TPB)

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that determine intention of the accounting student to adopt internal software My Quick Accounting System (My QAS) in economic faculty of Islamic University “45” Bekasi. To identify the factors that affect intention to adopt internal software using a research model based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The behavior factors that using in this study are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, subjective norms, self efficacy, and technology support. The respondent in this study that only the accounting students who have participated in accounting computer course. This study using the survey method for data collection (personally administrated questionnaires). The results indicate that the accounting student’s intention to adopt My QAS determine by behavior factors such as: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, subjective norms and technology support.
Media Independence : Working with Freedom or Working for Free?

Introduction: The Utopia of Independent Media: Independence, Working with Freedom and Working for Free James Bennett Section I: Indies, Independents and Independence 1. Guarding the Guardians: The Leveson Inquiry and the Future of Independent Journalism Stephen Jukes and Stuart Allan 2. Differences of Kind and Degree: Articulations of Independence in American Cinema Geoff King 3. From Independence to Independents, Public Service to Profit: British TV and the Impossibility of Independence James Bennett 4. Popular Music, Independence and the Concept of the Alternative in Contemporary Capitalism David Hesmondhalgh and Leslie M. Meier 5. A Vision of and for the Networked World: John Perry Barlow's Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace at Twenty Daniel Kreiss Section II: Working with Freedom or Working for Free 6. A Moral Economy of Independent Work? Creative Freedom and Public Service in UK Digital Agencies James Bennett, Niki Strange and Andrea Medrado 7. Indie TV: Innovation in Series Development Aymar Jean Christian 8. Social Media and Journalistic Independence Thomas Poell and Jose van Dijck 9. Playing for Work: Independence as Promise in Gameplay Commentary on YouTube Hector Postigo Section III: Independence in a Cold Political Climate 10. From Perestroika to Putin: Journalism in Russia James Rodgers 11. Independence within the Boundaries: State Control and Strategies of Chinese Television for Freedom Anthony Fung, Xiaoxiao Zhang and Luzhou Li 12. Uneven and Combined Independence of Social Media in the Middle East: Technology, Symbolic Production and Unproductive Labor Gholam Khiabany
Severe Vitamin D Deficiency in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Pregnant Women is Associated with Preterm Birth

Abstract Background Low maternal vitamin D has been associated with preterm birth (PTB). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women are at risk for PTB, but data on maternal vitamin D and PTB in this population are scarce. Methods In a cohort of Latin American HIV-infected pregnant women from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development International Site Development Initiative protocol, we examined the association between maternal vitamin D status and PTB. Vitamin D status was defined as the following 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: severe deficiency (< 10 ng/mL), deficiency (10–20 ng/mL), insufficiency (21–29 ng/mL), and sufficiency (≥30 ng/mL). PTB was defined as delivery at < 37 weeks' gestational age (GA). Logistic regression was used to assess the association between maternal vitamin D status and PTB. Results Of 715 HIV-infected pregnant women, 13 (1.8%) were severely vitamin D deficient, 224 (31.3%) were deficient, and 233 were (32.6%) insufficient. Overall, 23.2% (166/715) of pregnancies resulted in PTB (median GA of PTBs = 36 weeks [interquartile range: 34–36]). In multivariate analysis, severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with PTB (odds ratio = 4.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–16.8]). Conclusion Severe maternal vitamin D deficiency is associated with PTB in HIV-infected Latin American pregnant women. Further studies are warranted to determine if vitamin D supplementation in HIV-infected women may impact PTB.
Two-Stage Time-Domain Pilot Contamination Elimination in Large-Scale Multiple-Antenna Aided and TDD Based OFDM Systems

Pilot contamination (PC) is a major impediment of large-scale multi-cell multiple-input multiple-output systems. Hence, we propose an optimal pilot design for time-domain channel estimation, which is capable of completely eliminating PC. More specifically, a sophisticated combination of downlink training and “scheduled” uplink training is designed with the aid of the optimal pilot set. Given the optimal pilot set, every user acquires its unique downlink time-domain channel state information (CSI) through downlink training. The estimated downlink CSIs are then embedded in the uplink training. As a result, PC can be completely eliminated, at the cost of a slight increase in training computational complexity. Our simulation results demonstrate the power of the proposed scheme. Most significantly, our scheme imposes a modest training overhead of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(L + 3)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, training-phase durations corresponding to the number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of cells, which is substantially lower than that imposed by some of the existing PC elimination schemes. Therefore, it imposes a less stringent requirement on the channel’s coherence time. Finally, our scheme does not need any information exchange between base stations.
Mapping Unseen Words to Task-Trained Embedding Spaces

We consider the supervised training setting in which we learn task-specific word embeddings. We assume that we start with initial embeddings learned from unlabelled data and update them to learn task-specific embeddings for words in the supervised training data. However, for new words in the test set, we must use either their initial embeddings or a single unknown embedding, which often leads to errors. We address this by learning a neural network to map from initial embeddings to the task-specific embedding space, via a multi-loss objective function. The technique is general, but here we demonstrate its use for improved dependency parsing (especially for sentences with out-of-vocabulary words), as well as for downstream improvements on sentiment analysis.
La atención selectiva modula el procesamiento de la información y la memoria implícita

La atencion selectiva permite procesar informacion relevante mientras suprime la irrelevante que puede aparecer simultaneamente en el campo visual aunque con frecuencia el observador no puede ignorar la informacion irrelevante. En esta revision discutimos resultados obtenidos a partir de la tarea Stroop con palabras de color fragmentadas como estimulos y otros resultados que muestran que la variacion de una dimension irrelevante en una tarea visual igual-diferente como dos ejemplos de que dimensiones estimulares irrelevantes para la tarea, producen interferencia. Finalmente, describimos los resultados de varios estudios disenados para investigar el efecto de la atencion durante la codificacion del estimulo en la memoria implicita evaluada por la existencia de priming de repeticion a lo largo del ciclo vital. Encontramos priming para los estimulos atendidos en los ninos, adultos jovenes y mayores sanos pero no para los estimulos presentados durante la codificacion pero no atendidos. Sin embargo, no encontramos priming para los objetos atendidos ni para los no atendidos en mayores con deficit cognitivo leve y en enfermos de Alzheimer. Los resultados sugieren: (1) que la memoria implicita no es automatica y requiere atencion; y (2) la existencia de un deficit temprano de la atencion selectiva como posible marcador del envejecimiento patologico.
The “Social Integration” Of Religious Groups In Society: A Social Mechanism Approach

This chapter shows how explanatory sociology may treat questions of "social integration" of religious groups in society. It argues that due to the non-normative stance of explanatory sociology, a number of crucial questions cannot be answered. While explanatory sociology remains agnostic about the desirability of specific integration goals, the results of its research may become important to public discussion of integration issues. The chapter provides basic facts and explanations that may be used as a framework by others in order to construct their view of integration. It first sketches the perspective of explanatory sociology (the social mechanisms approach). The chapter then defines integration and discusses its normative and epistemological complexities and proposes a way of measuring various possible integration dimensions. It presents some of the most important social mechanisms that explain differences between religious groups on given integration dimensions. Keywords: religious groups; social integration
Occurrence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) across the Gulf Corporation Council countries: Four years update

The emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections has become a global issue of dire concerns. MERS-CoV infections have been identified in many countries all over the world whereas high level occurrences have been documented in the Middle East and Korea. MERS-CoV is mainly spreading across the geographical region of the Middle East, especially in the Arabian Peninsula, while some imported sporadic cases were reported from the Europe, North America, Africa, and lately Asia. The prevalence of MERS-CoV infections across the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) countries still remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to report the prevalence of MERS-CoV in the GCC countries and to also elucidate on its demographics in the Arabian Peninsula. To date, the World Health Organization (WHO) has reported 1,797 laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection since June 2012, involving 687 deaths in 27 different countries worldwide. Within a time span of 4 years from June 2012 to July 2016, we collect samples form MERS-CoV infected individuals from National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, and Ministry of health Saudi Arabia and other GCC countries. Our data comprise a total of 1550 cases (67.1% male and 32.9% female). The age-specific prevalence and distribution of MERS-CoV was as follow: <20 yrs (36 cases: 3.28%), 20–39 yrs (331 cases: 30.15%), 40–59 yrs (314 cases: 28.60%), and the highest-risk elderly group aged ≥60 yrs (417 cases: 37.98%). The case distribution among GCC countries was as follows: Saudi Arabia (1441 cases: 93%), Kuwait (4 cases: 0.3%), Bahrain (1 case: 0.1%), Oman (8 cases: 0.5%), Qatar (16 cases: 1.0%), and United Arab Emirates (80 cases: 5.2%). Thus, MERS-CoV was found to be more prevalent in Saudi Arabia especially in Riyadh, where 756 cases (52.4%) were the worst hit area of the country identified, followed by the western region Makkah where 298 cases (20.6%) were recorded. This prevalence update indicates that the Arabian Peninsula, particularly Saudi Arabia, is the hardest hit region regarding the emerging MERS-CoV infections worldwide. GCC countries including Saudi Arabia now have the infrastructure in place that allows physicians and scientific community to identify and immediately respond to the potential risks posed by new outbreaks of MERS-CoV infections in the region. Given the continuum of emergence and the large magnitude of the disease in our region, more studies will be required to bolster capabilities for timely detection and effective control and prevention of MERS-CoV in our region.
Allele Mining and Selective Patterns of Pi9 Gene in a Set of Rice Landraces from India

Allelic variants of the broad-spectrum blast resistance gene, Pi9 (nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat region) have been analyzed in Indian rice landraces. They were selected from the list of 338 rice landraces phenotyped in the rice blast nursery at central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station, Hazaribag. Six of them were further selected on the basis of their resistance and susceptible pattern for virulence analysis and selective pattern study of Pi9 gene. The sequence analysis and phylogenetic study illustrated that such sequences are vastly homologous and clustered into two groups. All the blast resistance Pi9 alleles were grouped into one cluster, whereas Pi9 alleles of susceptible landraces formed another cluster even though these landraces have a low level of DNA polymorphisms. A total number of 136 polymorphic sites comprising of transitions, transversions, and insertion and deletions (InDels) were identified in the 2.9 kb sequence of Pi9 alleles. Lower variation in the form of mutations (77) (Transition + Transversion), and InDels (59) were observed in the Pi9 alleles isolated from rice landraces studied. The results showed that the Pi9 alleles of the selected rice landraces were less variable, suggesting that the rice landraces would have been exposed to less number of pathotypes across the country. The positive Tajima’s D (0.33580), P > 0.10 (not significant) was observed among the seven rice landraces, which suggests the balancing selection of Pi9 alleles. The value of synonymous substitution (-0.43337) was less than the non-synonymous substitution (0.78808). The greater non-synonymous substitution than the synonymous means that the coding region, mainly the leucine-rich repeat domain was under diversified selection. In this study, the Pi9 gene has been subjected to balancing selection with low nucleotide diversity which is different from the earlier reports, this may be because of the closeness of the rice landraces, cultivated in the same region, and under low pathotype pressure.
Trends in the Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among Young Adults in the United States, 1999 to 2014

Overall hypertension prevalence has not changed in the United States in recent decades although awareness, treatment, and control improved. However, hypertension epidemiology and its temporal trends may differ in younger adults compared with older adults. Our study included 41 331 participants ≥18 years of age from 8 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1999–2014) and estimated temporal trends of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control among young adults (age, 18–39 years) compared with middle-age (age, 40–59 years) and older adults (age, ≥60 years). In 2013 to 2014, 7.3% of the US young adults had hypertension. During 1999 to 2014, young adults saw larger increases in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control than did older adults. However, all of these components of hypertension control were lower among young adults compared with middle-aged or older adults (74.7% younger versus 81.9% middle versus 88.4% older for awareness; 50.0% versus 70.3% versus 83.0% for treatment; and 40.2% versus 56.7% versus 54.4% for control). Worse hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in young adults overall were mostly driven by worse measures in young adult men compared with young adult women. More frequent healthcare visits by young adult women explained ≈28% of the sex-related difference in awareness, 60% of the difference in treatment, and 52% of the difference in control. These findings suggest that improved access to and engagement in medical care might improve hypertension control in young adults, particularly young adult men, and reduce life-time cardiovascular risk.
Exploring Halo Substructure with Giant Stars: The Dynamics and Metallicity of the Dwarf Spheroidal in Boötes

We report the results of a spectroscopic study of the Boötes (Boo) dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy carried out with the WIYN telescope and the Hydra multifiber spectrograph. Radial velocities have been measured for 58 Boo candidate stars selected to have magnitudes and colors consistent with its red and asymptotic giant branches. Within the 13' half-light radius, seven members of Boo yield a systemic velocity of Vr = 95.6 ± 3.4 km s-1 and a velocity dispersion of σ0 = 6.6 ± 2.3 km s-1. This implies a mass on the order of 1 × 107 M☉, similar to the inferred masses of other Galactic dSphs. Adopting a total Boo luminosity of L = 1.8 × 104 to 8.6 × 104 L☉ implies M/L ~ 610-130, making Boo, the most distorted known Milky Way dwarf galaxy, potentially also the darkest. From the spectra of Boo member stars we estimate its metallicity to be [Fe/H] ~ -2.5, which would make it the most metal-poor dSph known to date.