Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonographic Findings of Most Common Surgical Disorders of Gastrointestinal Tract in Dogs and Cats

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of ultrasound for diagnosis of different gastro-intestinal surgical affections in dogs and cats. Design: Clinical study. Animals: 36 dogs and 20 cats. Procedures: Ultrasonography was performed using two real-time ultrasound machines. The entire abdomen was examined ultrasonographically while the animal was in dorsal recumbency. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided aspiration and microcore automated biopsy were performed. Results: Twelve dogs suffered from Ileus due to parasitic infestations and obstructed foreign bodies, full stomach wall thickening in 3 dogs, 7 cases with intestinal tumors, 3 cases were ultrasonographically examined for assessing gastropexy site. 2 cases with suspected stomach foreign bodies, 2 cases with necrosed intestine, 2 cases suffered focal stomach lesion of which 1 case suffered gastritis and the other demonstrated ulcer with mild thickening of the stomach wall. 1 case suffered intestinal intussusceptions, 2 cases with perforated intestine. 1 case suffered volvulus nodosus and 1 case was ultrasonographically normal and suffered melena. Exploratory laparotomy showed blackish colouration of the caecum. In cats, 10 out of 20 cases were with intestinal lymphoma, 2 cases were diagnosed with ileus. 1 case demonstrated stomach wall thickness, 1 case suffered intestinal abscess, 1 case suffered intussusceptions, 2 cases suffered intestinal perforation, 1 case suffered megacolon following operation for anastomosis. The last 2 cases suffered intestinal foreign body and parasitic infestation. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: The incidence of ileus or obstruction of the intestine with different foreign bodies constituted 33% from all cases. While cases with foreign bodies in the stomach and intestine were 14 out of 36 dogs with a rate of 38.8%. In cats lymphoma (10 cases) constituted the mostly encountered affection with an incidence rate of 50%.
A placebo‐controlled trial to assess the effects of 8 days of dosing with rabeprazole versus omeprazole on 24‐h intragastric acidity and plasma gastrin concentrations in young healthy male subjects

Rabeprazole (LY307640, E3810) is a new, potent, proton pump inhibitor. A single daily 20 mg dose significantly decreases 24‐h intragastric acidity. There are no data currently available directly comparing the effect of rabeprazole on 24‐h acidity with established proton pump inhibitors.
The Use of Seprafilm® in Pediatric Surgical Patients

Hyaluronate carboxymethylcellulose (Seprafilm®; Genzyme Corp., Cambridge, MA) has been demonstrated to be safe and efficacious for the prevention of abdominal and pelvic adhesions; however, information is scarce regarding its use in children and adolescents. We wanted to characterize our experience with Seprafilm® in a pediatric surgical population. After Institutional Review Board approval, we searched our hospital and pediatric surgery database for cases in which Seprafilm® was used and retrospectively reviewed medical records for demographic and clinical information. Between July 2000 and October 2005, 18 patients had Seprafilm® placed. Patients ranged in age from 0.25 to 18 years. Seven patients had not undergone any previous operations. Of patients having undergone prior surgery, the most common preceding intervention was a Ladd's procedure. Seprafilm was applied in a variety of scenarios, the most frequently being adhesiolysis for bowel obstruction. No patient required reoperation for obstruction. Two patients underwent subsequent operations for unrelated reasons; one was noted to have no significant adhesions, but the other had extensive adhesions. No patient demonstrated signs or symptoms of small bowel obstruction, intraperitoneal abscess, or localized inflammatory reaction to Seprafilm®. Seprafilm® was successfully used in our pediatric surgical population without complications.
Analysis of the mutational landscape of classic Hodgkin lymphoma identifies disease heterogeneity and potential therapeutic targets

Defining the mutational landscape of classic Hodgkin lymphoma is still a major research goal. New targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques may identify pathogenic mechanisms and new therapeutic opportunities related to this disease. We describe the mutational profile of a series of 57 cHL cases, enriched in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells. Overall, the results confirm the presence of strong genomic heterogeneity. However, several variants were consistently detected in genes related to relevant signaling pathways, such as GM-CSF/IL-3, CBP/EP300, JAK/STAT, NF-kappaB, and numerous variants of genes affecting the B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway, such as BTK, CARD11, BCL10, among others. This unexpectedly high prevalence of mutations affecting the BCR pathway suggests some requirement for active BCR signaling for cHL cell viability. Additionally, incubation of a panel of cHL cellular models with selective BTK inhibitors in vitro constrains cell proliferation and causes cell death. Our results indicate new pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in this disease.
Development and validation of body rating scales for adolescent females.

OBJECTIVE This present study was designed to develop and validate rating scales for body image assessment in adolescents. METHOD The figures of the Figure Rating Scale (FRS; Stunkard, Sorenson, & Schlusinger, The genetics of neurological and psychiatric disorders, 1983, pp. 115-129) used in previous research seem more appropriate for research with adults. Accordingly, we developed two forms of a body rating scale (BRS) depicting adolescent females and administered these scales and the FRS to 315 female subjects. The subjects comprise three age groups, 11-year-olds, 17-year-olds, and their mothers, all participants in the epidemiologically based Minnesota Twin Family Study. Two independent observers also rated each subject. RESULTS Intercorrelations among raters and scales and with body mass index were generally high and indicate comparability between the BRS measures and the FRS. DISCUSSION The generally excellent psychometric properties of the new scales coupled with their face validity may make them a useful tool for body image research in children and adolescents.
Smoothing error pitfalls

Abstract. The difference due to the content of a priori information between a constrained retrieval and the true atmospheric state is usually represented by a diagnostic quantity called smoothing error. In this paper it is shown that, regardless of the usefulness of the smoothing error as a diagnostic tool in its own right, the concept of the smoothing error as a component of the retrieval error budget is questionable because it is not compliant with Gaussian error propagation. The reason for this is that the smoothing error does not represent the expected deviation of the retrieval from the true state but the expected deviation of the retrieval from the atmospheric state sampled on an arbitrary grid, which is itself a smoothed representation of the true state; in other words, to characterize the full loss of information with respect to the true atmosphere, the effect of the representation of the atmospheric state on a finite grid also needs to be considered. The idea of a sufficiently fine sampling of this reference atmospheric state is problematic because atmospheric variability occurs on all scales, implying that there is no limit beyond which the sampling is fine enough. Even the idealization of infinitesimally fine sampling of the reference state does not help, because the smoothing error is applied to quantities which are only defined in a statistical sense, which implies that a finite volume of sufficient spatial extent is needed to meaningfully discuss temperature or concentration. Smoothing differences, however, which play a role when measurements are compared, are still a useful quantity if the covariance matrix involved has been evaluated on the comparison grid rather than resulting from interpolation and if the averaging kernel matrices have been evaluated on a grid fine enough to capture all atmospheric variations that the instruments are sensitive to. This is, under the assumptions stated, because the undefined component of the smoothing error, which is the effect of smoothing implied by the finite grid on which the measurements are compared, cancels out when the difference is calculated. If the effect of a retrieval constraint is to be diagnosed on a grid finer than the native grid of the retrieval by means of the smoothing error, the latter must be evaluated directly on the fine grid, using an ensemble covariance matrix which includes all variability on the fine grid. Ideally, the averaging kernels needed should be calculated directly on the finer grid, but if the grid of the original averaging kernels allows for representation of all the structures the instrument is sensitive to, then their interpolation can be an adequate approximation.
Metabolic predictors of middle-distance swimming performance.

To evaluate the capacity of different metabolic indices to predict performance in middle distance swimming, 15 competitive swimmers performed a submaximal and a maximal 400 metres freestyle swimming event. Expired gases were collected in Douglas bags immediately after the events for the determination of VO2 max. Arterialized blood samples were collected for the determination of maximal blood lactate concentration and the velocity corresponding to blood lactate concentration of 4 mM. The results demonstrated (means +/- SD): maximal velocity of 1.44 +/- 0.05 m.s-1; velocity at 85 percent of VO2 max of 1.36 +/- 0.04 m.s-1; velocity at 4 mM of 1.32 +/- 0.04 m.s-1; VO2 max of 3.47 +/- 0.5 l.min-1; maximal blood lactate concentration of 11.8 +/- 2.5 mM. Multiple regression analysis relating metabolic indices and maximal velocity demonstrated that only velocity at 85 percent of VO2 max (r2 = 0.81) and velocity at 4 mM (r2 = 0.79) were significant predictors. Thus, 79 percent of the variance in the performance of 400 m freestyle can be accounted for the velocity at 85 percent of VO2 max or the velocity at 4 mM. The success in this event seems to depend on the swimmer's capacity to achieve higher velocities with lower blood lactate levels and/or utilizing a lower percentage of their VO2 max.
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL COMPARISON OF LOW‐RISK PRETERM AND FULLTERM INFANTS AT TERM CONCEPTIONAL AGE

The neurobehavioural performances of 20 low‐risk preterm infants born at 33 weeks gestation or less were examined with the Brazelton Scale at the expected date of delivery, and 20 healthy fullterm infants were also examined on the fifth day of life. The preterm infants were significantly inferior in orientation, motor performance, regulation of state and autonomic regulation. With the exception of autonomic regulation, the neurobehavioural clusters were more heterogeneous among the preterm group. The data suggest that low gestational age at birth, even following relatively normal pre‐, peri‐ and neonatal development, is associated with a behavioural repertoire which is different, more heterogeneous and on average poorer than that of fullterm infants.
How the eyes move the body

The increased postural sway of patients with disorders of the vestibular system improves with vision. The suppression of pathologic nystagmus also reduces sway. Because the latter effect cannot be attributed to retinal slip as a relevant feedback for postural control, the authors investigated how eye movements rather than retinal slip affect balance. They found that slow eye movements increase sway, possibly by an efference copy, which explains why spontaneous nystagmus causes postural imbalance.
Optimizing Deep CNN-Based Queries over Video Streams at Scale

Video is one of the fastest-growing sources of data and is rich with interesting semantic information. Furthermore, recent advances in computer vision, in the form of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have made it possible to query this semantic information with near-human accuracy (in the form of image tagging). However, performing inference with state-of-the-art CNNs is computationally expensive: analyzing videos in real time (at 30 frames/sec) requires a $1200 GPU per video stream, posing a serious computational barrier to CNN adoption in large-scale video data management systems. In response, we present N O S COPE , a system that uses cost-based optimization to assemble a specialized video processing pipeline for each input video stream, greatly accelerating subsequent CNN-based queries on the video. As N O S COPE observes a video, it trains two types of pipeline components (which we call ﬁlters) to exploit the locality in the video stream: difference detectors that exploit temporal locality between frames, and specialized models that are tailored to a speciﬁc scene and query (i.e., exploit environmental and query-speciﬁc locality). We show that the optimal set of ﬁlters and their parameters depends signiﬁcantly on the video stream and query in question, so N O S COPE introduces an efﬁcient cost-based optimizer for this problem to select them. With this approach, our N O S COPE prototype achieves up to 120-3,200 × speed-ups (318-8,500 × real-time) on binary classiﬁcation tasks over real-world webcam and surveillance video while maintaining accuracy within 1-5% of a state-of-the-art CNN.
Monitoring patients treated with anti-TNF-alpha biopharmaceuticals: assessing serum infliximab and anti-infliximab antibodies.

OBJECTIVES Infliximab is an anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mouse-human IgG1/kappa antibody used to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory diseases. Unfortunately, response failure and side-effects due to immunogenicity of the drug are not rare. In this study, we have compared different methods of assessing drug levels and anti-infliximab antibodies (Abs) and analysed the character of these Abs in sera of RA patients treated with infliximab for 1.5-18 months. METHODS Functional serum infliximab levels and anti-infliximab Abs were measured by fluid-phase RIAs using 125I-labelled ligands in combination with molecular size and affinity chromatography, and immune complex precipitation. RESULTS Anti-infliximab Abs were predominantly IgG, 36% being IgG4, and half the immune complexes were lambda-light-chain-positive. Ab titres were associated with inhibition of TNF binding to the drug, and low trough levels of infliximab were most frequent in anti-infliximab Ab-positive sera. Cross-binding to two other anti-TNF drugs was not observed. Detection of anti-infliximab Abs by solid-phase RIA using cross-binding of plastic-fixed and soluble infliximab exhibited low sensitivity and the data were inconsistent with results obtained from binding of the Abs to soluble infliximab. CONCLUSIONS Specific and neutralizing anti-infliximab antibodies develop in RA patients treated with infliximab, and that low trough levels of functional infliximab are associated with the presence of such antibodies. The most sensitive antibody assay involved binding to soluble and intact infliximab. Assessments of bioavailability and immunogenicity of anti-TNF biologicals may be used to optimize dose regimens and prevent prolonged use of inadequate therapy.
Freehand Versus Guided Surgery: Factors Influencing Accuracy of Dental Implant Placement.

INTRODUCTION Patient anatomy, practitioner experience, and surgical approach are all factors that influence implant accuracy. However, the relative importance of each factor is poorly understood. The present study aimed to identify which factors most critically determine implant accuracy to aid the practitioner in case selection for guided versus freehand surgery. METHODS One practitioner's ideal implant angulation and position was compared with his achieved position radiographically for 450 implants placed using a conventional freehand method. The relative contribution of 11 demographic, anatomical, and surgical factors to the accuracy of implant placement was systematically quantified. DISCUSSION The most important predictors of angulation and position accuracy were the number of adjacent implants placed and the tooth-borne status of the site. Immediate placement also significantly increased position accuracy, whereas cases with narrow sites were significantly more accurate in angulation. Accuracy also improved with the practitioner's experience. CONCLUSION These results suggest tooth-borne, single-implant cases performed later in the practitioner's experience are most appropriate for freehand placement, whereas guided surgery should be considered to improve accuracy for multiple-implant cases in edentulous or partially edentulous sites.
Owner Attachment and Problem Behaviors Related to Relinquishment and Training Techniques of Dogs

Problematic behaviors are a significant reason for relinquishment, and relinquished dogs are more likely to have problem behaviors. This study utilized standardized surveys of owners (companion animal guardians) relinquishing their dogs to shelters and dog owners visiting vaccination clinics. “Relinquishing” and “continuing” owners were asked questions in the following categories: demographic information, training methods and tools, frequencies in which their dogs engaged in problematic behaviors, and attachment to their dogs. “Relinquishers” were also asked to provide their reasons for relinquishment. The results of 129 surveys (80 relinquishing and 49 continuing) showed that relinquishers scored lower on companion animal attachment than continuing owners. Pit bull-type dogs were represented more in the relinquishing group. Relinquished dogs were no less likely to have attended training classes than continuing dogs. In both groups, owners who used punishment-based collars reported less satisfaction with their dogs' overall and leash-walking behaviors. Pit bull-type dogs were reported to be no less well behaved compared with all other breeds combined. Sixty-five percent of relinquishers reported some behavioral reason for relinquishment. Forty-eight percent of relinquishers indicated that at least 1 problem behavior was a strong influence on their decision to relinquish.
New Strategies in Endometrial Cancer: Targeting the PI3K/mTOR Pathway—The Devil Is in the Details

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the developed world and affects approximately 40,000 women in the United States each year. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway regulates key aspects of cancer biology including glucose uptake and metabolism, cellular growth, and survival. Endometrial cancers harbor the highest rates of PI3K pathway alterations reported to date. The PI3K pathway is highly druggable and several classes of agents are in clinical development including rapalogs, pan-PI3K inhibitors, PI3K isoform-specific inhibitors, dual PI3K/mTOR catalytic inhibitors, mTOR-specific catalytic inhibitors, and AKT inhibitors. It has been 10 years since the initiation of the first studies of rapalogs as anticancer agents. There are more than 20 registered clinical trials of PI3K/mTOR inhibitors as single agents or in therapeutic combinations for the treatment of endometrial cancers. What have we learned from the completed studies? What can we expect to learn from ongoing studies? What should we anticipate moving forward? Clin Cancer Res; 19(19); 5264–74. ©2013 AACR.
The Role of Intelligence in Reading Disabilities: A Comparison of Three Theories.

This monograph examines three approaches to intelligence that include cognitive processing components and relates each to assessment and interventions with students having reading disabilities. The first, Sternberg's Triarchic theory of intelligence (1985), includes three subtheories, contextual, experiential, and componential. The second, the Campione-Brown theory of intelligence (1978), utilizes an information processing model that proposes two hierarchical levels, the architectural system and the executive system. The third is the Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, Successive (PASS) theory of intelligence (1994). Empirical research on reading disabilities from the perspective of each theory is briefly reviewed, which shows the Triarchic theory to be a multifaceted approach to reading difficulties, the Campione-Brown theory's components (short-term and working memory, knowledge base, and control processes) to be especially relevant, and the PASS theory to be relevant at both the decoding and reading comprehension stages of reading. Evaluation of the theories' implications for assessment and intervention identifies promising assessment instruments and instructional systems based on each theory. (Contains approximately 90 references.) (DB) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** Reading Disabilities 1 Running head: READING DISABILITIES: THEORIES, ASSESSMENT, INTERVENTION The Role of Intelligence in Reading Disabilities: A Comparison of Three Theories Judith A. Johnson University of Northern Colorado BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 /3301 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) /1( This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY ffoo-05vi6 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Reading Disabilities 2
Fenofibrate: a novel formulation (Triglide™) in the treatment of lipid disorders: a review

Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality worldwide and accounts for approximately 40% of all deaths. Dyslipidemia is one of the primary causes of atherosclerosis and effective interventions to correct dyslipidemia should form an integral component of any strategy aimed at preventing cardiovascular disease. Fibrates have played a major role in the treatment of hyperlipidemia for more than two decades. Fenofibrate is one of the most commonly used fibrates worldwide. Since fenofibrate was first introduced in clinical practice, a major drawback has been its low bioavailability when taken under fasting conditions. Insoluble Drug Delivery-Microparticle fenofibrate is a new formulation that has an equivalent extent of absorption under fed or fasting conditions. In this review, we will discuss the clinical pharmacology of fenofibrate, with particular emphasis on this novel formulation, as well as its lipid-modulating and pleiotropic actions. We will also analyze the major trial that evaluated fibrates for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, the safety and efficacy profile of fibrate–statin combination treatment, and the current recommendations regarding the use of fibrates in clinical practice.