Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrient limitation of picophytoplankton photosynthesis and growth in the tropical North Atlantic

Identification of the proximal nutrient limiting primary production is a necessary first step toward evaluating the physiological state of phytoplankton communities and the biogeochemical constraints on the current oceanic carbon cycle. We conducted 48‐h nutrient addition bioassay experiments to evaluate nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron limitation of primary productivity, net chlorophyll synthesis, and net increase in cell numbers of the dominant picophytoplankton from the tropical North Atlantic. Our results indicate that N was the proximal limiting factor for primary production during the autumn of 2002, followed by P and then Fe. Net chlorophyll synthesis was significantly stimulated by addition of N alone and further stimulated by addition of P. Analysis of picophytoplankton populations by analytical flow cytometry revealed a more complex response. Cellular red fluorescence, an index of cell chlorophyll content, increased in Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and picoeukaryotes in response to addition of NH4NO3 but was not affected by single or combined additions of P and Fe. In contrast, cell abundance in these picophytoplankton populations increased only after combined N and P (63% of comparisons) or N and Fe (21% of comparisons) additions. Thus, our experiments revealed that chlorophyll synthesis and primary production were limited by the availability of nitrogen alone, while net increase in cell abundance was colimited by N and P or N and Fe in the majority of these picophytoplankton populations.
Assessing Emotions by Cursor Motions: An Affective Computing Approach

Choice reaching, e.g., reaching a targeted object by hand, involves a dynamic online integration of perception, action and cognition, where neural activities of prefrontal cortical regions are concurrently coordinated with sensori-motor subsystems. On the basis of this theoretical development, the authors investigate the extent to which cursor movements in a simple choice-reaching task reveal people’s emotions, such as anxiety. The results show that there is a strong correlation between cursor trajectory patterns and self-reported anxiety in male participants. Because computer cursors are ubiquitous, our trajectory analysis can be augmented to existing affective computing technologies.
Cytologic diagnosis: expression of probability by clinical pathologists.

BACKGROUND Clinical pathologists use descriptive terms or modifiers to express the probability or likelihood of a cytologic diagnosis. Words are imprecise in meaning, however, and may be used and interpreted differently by pathologists and clinicians. OBJECTIVES The goals of this study were to 1) assess the frequency of use of 18 modifiers, 2) determine the probability of a positive diagnosis implied by the modifiers, 3) identify preferred modifiers for different levels of probability, 4) ascertain the importance of factors that affect expression of diagnostic certainty, and 5) evaluate differences based on gender, employment, and experience. METHODS We surveyed 202 clinical pathologists who were board-certified by the American College of Veterinary Pathologists (Clinical Pathology). Surveys were distributed in October 2001 and returned by e-mail, fax, or surface mail over a 2-month period. Results were analyzed by parametric and nonparametric tests. RESULTS Survey response rate was 47.5% (n = 96) and primarily included clinical pathologists at veterinary schools (n = 58) and diagnostic laboratories (n = 31). Eleven of 18 terms were used "often" or "sometimes" by >/= 50% of respondents. Broad variability was found in the probability assigned to each term, especially those with median values of 75 to 90%. Preferred modifiers for 7 numerical probabilities ranging from 0 to 100% included 68 unique terms; however, a set of 10 terms was used by >/= 50% of respondents. Cellularity and quality of the sample, experience of the pathologist, and implications of the diagnosis were the most important factors affecting the expression of probability. CONCLUSION Because of wide discrepancy in the implied likelihood of a diagnosis using words, defined terminology and controlled vocabulary may be useful in improving communication and the quality of data in cytology reporting.
A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for De Novo Protein Backbone Structure Determination from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Data

We describe an efficient algorithm for protein backbone structure determination from solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data. A key feature of our algorithm is that it finds the conformation and orientation of secondary structure elements as well as the global fold in polynomial time. This is the first polynomial-time algorithm for de novo high-resolution biomacromolecular structure determination using experimentally recorded data from either NMR spectroscopy or X-ray crystallography. Previous algorithmic formulations of this problem focused on using local distance restraints from NMR (e.g., nuclear Overhauser effect [NOE] restraints) to determine protein structure. This approach has been shown to be NP-hard, essentially due to the local nature of the constraints. In practice, approaches such as molecular dynamics and simulated annealing, which lack both combinatorial precision and guarantees on running time and solution quality, are used routinely for structure determination. We show that residual dipolar coupling (RDC) data, which gives global restraints on the orientation of internuclear bond vectors, can be used in conjunction with very sparse NOE data to obtain a polynomial-time algorithm for structure determination. Furthermore, an implementation of our algorithm has been applied to six different real biological NMR data sets recorded for three proteins. Our algorithm is combinatorially precise, polynomialtime, and uses much less NMR data to produce results that are as good or better than previous approaches in terms of accuracy of the computed structure as well as running time.
Health issues faced by adolescents incarcerated in the juvenile justice system

&NA; Incarcerated adolescents have a high level of health problems when compared to those not incarcerated. These higher rates are in part due to inadequate coping skills. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a literature review of articles that focus on the health issues of incarcerated adolescents. This review provides an overview of the issue, strategies that nurses working in juvenile facilities can employ to increase their impact on the health of adolescent offenders, and research needs for the future. Thirty articles published around the world between the years 1995 and 2007 are reviewed and described.
Urban Theory and the Urban Experience: Encountering the City

1. Encountering the City 2.The Foundations of Urban Theory: Weber, Simmel, Benjamin and Lefebvre 3. The City Described: Social Reform and the Empirical Tradition in Classic Urban Studies 4.Visions of Utopia: From the Garden City to the New Urbanism 5. Between the Suburb and the Ghetto: Urban Studies and the Search for Community In Britain and the United States After the Second World War 6. Urban Fortunes: Making Sense of the Capitalist City 7. The Contested City: Politics, People and Power 8. The Majority Urban World: the Growth and Development of Cities in the Global South 9. Cities Under Stress: the Uneven Geographies of Urban Deprivation 10. From Pillar to Post: Culture Representation and Difference 11. The Information City: Linking the Virtual and Material Urban Worlds 12. Putting the City in its Place: Urban Futures and the Future of Urban Theory
Chemotherapy refractory testicular germ cell tumor is associated with a variant in Armadillo Repeat gene deleted in Velco-Cardio-Facial syndrome (ARVCF)

Introduction: There is evidence that inherited genetic variation affects both testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) treatment outcome and risks of late-complications arising from cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Using a candidate gene approach, we examined associations of three genes involved in the cisplatin metabolism pathway, GSTP1, COMT, and TPMT, with TGCT outcome and cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Our study population includes a subset of patients (n = 137) from a genome-wide association study at the University of Pennsylvania that evaluates inherited genetic susceptibility to TGCT. All patients in our study had at least one course of cisplatin-based chemotherapy with at least 1 year of follow-up. A total of 90 markers in GSTP1, COMT, and TPMT and their adjacent genomic regions (±20 kb) were analyzed for associations with refractory TGCT after first course of chemotherapy, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), peripheral neuropathy, and ototoxicity. Results: After adjustment for multiple comparisons, one Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs2073743, in the flanking region (±20 kb) of COMT was associated with refractory TGCT after initial chemotherapy. This SNP lies within the intron region of the Armadillo Repeat gene deleted in Velco-Cardio-Facial syndrome (ARVCF). The G allele of rs2073743 predisposed patients to refractory disease with a relative risk of 2.6 (95% CI 1.1, 6.3; P = 0.03). Assuming recessive inheritance, patients with the GG genotype had 22.7 times higher risk (95% CI 3.3, 155.8; P = 0.04) of developing refractory disease when compared to those with the GC or CC genotypes. We found no association of our candidate genes with peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity, PFS and OS. Discussion: This is the first study to suggest that germline genetic variants of ARVCF may affect TGCT outcome. The result of this study is hypothesis generating and should be validated in future studies.
Enhancement of Antioxidant Quality of Green Leafy Vegetables upon Different Cooking Method

Antioxidant rich green leafy vegetables including garden spinach leaf, water spinach leaf, Indian spinach leaf, and green leaved amaranth were selected to evaluate the effects of water boiling and oil frying on their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), reducing power (RP), and antioxidant capacity. The results revealed that there was a significant increase in TPC, TFC, and RP in all the selected vegetables indicating the effectiveness of the cooking process on the antioxidant potential of leafy vegetables. Both cooking processes enhanced significantly (P<0.05) the radical scavenging ability, especially the oil fried samples showed the highest values. There is a significant reduction in the vitamin C content in all the vegetables due to boiling and frying except in the Indian spinach leaf. However, the present findings suggest that boiling and frying can be used to enhance the antioxidant ability, by increasing the bioaccessibility of health-promoting constituents from the four vegetables investigated in this study.
Frugality and psychological wellbeing. The role of voluntary restriction and the resourceful use of resources / Frugalidad y bienestar psicológico. El papel de la restricción voluntaria y el uso ingenioso de recursos

Abstract This paper analyses the relationship between psychological wellbeing and frugality, evaluated as behaviour geared towards the voluntary restriction of consumption and the resourceful use of available resources. An analysis of structural equations was carried out using a model with moderated mediation on a sample of 1113 people. The main finding was the predictive capacity of frugal behaviour, in its two factors, to explain the level of wellbeing. A mediation effect was observed where the restriction of consumption drives the resourceful use of resources, which in turn significantly predicts the level of wellbeing. The moderating role played by the level of economic income on these relationships was analysed, conceptualized as an indicator of a person’s capacity to determine the restriction of their consumption. It is concluded that frugality is a positive element of sustainable behaviour that offers an alternative from the perspective of downscaling in contrast to models centred on efficiency.
[Promoter methylation profile in breast cancer].

BACKGROUND Genomic DNA methylation, mutations and allelic deletions explain the inactivation of genes involved in cell proliferation and cell cycle control mechanisms. AIM To analyze the methylation pattern of important genes related to different carcinogenic mechanisms in patients with breast cancer and the relationship with its biological behavior. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy fresh-frozen breast cancer samples were selected. The methylation specific PCR (MSP) test was used to analyze promoter methylation status for genes CDKN2A (p16), hMLH1, APC, CDH1 (Cadherin E) and FHIT. RESULTS We found methylation in at least one of the genes studied in 88% of cases and in 3 or more genes in 40.5% of cases. The frequencies of promoter hypermethylation of CDKN2A, hMLH1, APC, CDH1 and FHT were 41.4%, 11.4%, 52.9%, 70% and 42.9%, respectively. We found a relationship between CDKN2A methylatlon and better survival (p=0.002). CDH1 methylation and poor histological differentiation (p=0.007), hMLH1 methylation and non-Mapuche ethnicity (p=-0.03), APC methylation and larger tumor size (p<0.05), FHIT methylatton and lack of estrogen rectptor IHC expression (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The high frequency of promoter methylation in patients with breast cancer confirms its role in breast carcinogenesis. The finding of alterations in the methylation pattern of genes studied and its association with prognostic factors is a helpful tool in the search of new criteria for clinical and therapeutic decision making.
The new handbook of psychotherapy and counseling with men : a comprehensive guide to settings, problems, and treatment approaches

Introduction (Gary R. Brooks & Glenn E. Good) Men's Problems and Effective Treatments: Theory and Empirical Support (Glenn E. Good & Nancy B. Sherrod) SECTION ONE: SETTINGS A Male-Friendly Therapeutic Process with School-Age Boys (Mark S. Kiselica) Counseling Men in Medical Settings: The Six-Point HEALTH Plan (Will H. Courtenay) Working with Men in Sports Settings (John M. Robertson & Fred B. Newton) Consulting with Men in Business and Industry (Hope I. Hills, et al.) Counseling Men in College Settings (John M. Robertson) Psychotherapy with Men in Prison (Terry A. Kupers) Issues of Males with Physical Disabilities in Rehabilitation Settings (Irmo D. Marini) Counseling and Psychotherapy for Male Military Veterans (Gary R. Brooks) SECTION TWO: PROBLEMS Assessing and Treating Depression in Men (Sam V. Cochran) Treating Substance Abuse in Men (Carl Isenhart) Male Survivors of Trauma (David Lisak) Homicide, Violence, and Male Aggression (David Lisak) Confusion of Sex and Violence: Counseling Process and Programming Considerations for College Men (Mark A. Stevens) Male Gender Role Issues in the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction (Cathryn G. Pridal) Men and Divorce (Caren C. Cooper) SECTION THREE: NORMATIVE ISSUES OF THE MALE LIFE CYCLE The Crises of Boyhood (Ronald F. Levant) Addressing the Implications of Male Socialization for Career Counseling (Mary J. Heppner & P. Paul Heppner) Contemporary Marriage: Challenges for Clients and Therapists (Lucia Albino Gilbert & Sarah J. Walker) Therapeutic Interventions with Fathers (Jerrold Lee Shapiro) Desperately Seeking Language: Understanding, Assessing, and Treating Normative Male Alexithymia (Ronald F. Levant) Psychotherapy with Men Navigating Midlife Terrain (Sam V. Cochran) Psychotherapy with the Young Older Man (Jack Sternbach) Name Index Subject Index The Authors.
Bayesian Model Averaging in Time-Series Studies of Air Pollution and Mortality

The issue of model selection in time-series studies assessing the acute health effects from short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants has received increased scrutiny in the past 5 yr. Recently, Bayesian model averaging (BMA) has been applied to allow for uncertainty about model form in assessing the association between mortality and ambient air pollution. While BMA has the potential to allow for such uncertainties in risk estimates, Bayesian approaches in general and BMA in particular are not panaceas for model selection. , Since misapplication of Bayesian methods can lead to erroneous conclusions, model selection should be informed by substantive knowledge about the environmental health processes influencing the outcome. This paper examines recent attempts to use BMA in air pollution studies to illustrate the potential benefits and limitations of the method.
The Nature of Employability Skills: Empirical Evidence from Singapore

This paper concerns the changing nature of employability skills, moving from the original life skills or basic skills concepts to the increasingly work‐oriented interpretation. The early concept of employability skills linked employability skills to job readiness and holding down employment. However, the work‐oriented focus is increasingly linking the impact of employability skills to organizational (or performance) outcomes, which in turn are linked to workers' career mobility and wage gains. This paper makes use of recent skills utilization data in Singapore to map out the relationship between employability skills and mobility. It shows that employability skills in Singapore are increasingly job context related, going beyond just holding down a job. As such, mobility is likely to be influenced by the extent to which employability skills are shared between industries. Recognition of the context‐related nature of employability skills has led to the modification of workforce development training in Singapore in order to meet the needs for greater employability skills effectiveness through ‘contextualized’ training provision.
An Economic Analysis of the Market for Law School Students

This study utilizes data from a number of sources to estimate how lawyers' starting salaries relate to their ability, the quality of law school they attended, and whether the law school was a private institution. Based upon this analysis, a benefit-cost analysis is conducted of the value of attending a high-quality private institution. Analyses are also done of how the financial attractiveness of law vis-a- vis other careers has changed in recent years and a conceptual framework discussed for law schools to use in allocating their financial aid resources.
Standards for epidemiologic studies and surveillance of epilepsy

Worldwide, about 65 million people are estimated to have epilepsy. Epidemiologic studies are necessary to define the full public health burden of epilepsy; to set public health and health care priorities; to provide information needed for prevention, early detection, and treatment; to identify education and service needs; and to promote effective health care and support programs for people with epilepsy. However, different definitions and epidemiologic methods complicate the tasks of these studies and their interpretations and comparisons. The purpose of this document is to promote consistency in definitions and methods in an effort to enhance future population‐based epidemiologic studies, facilitate comparison between populations, and encourage the collection of data useful for the promotion of public health. We discuss: (1) conceptual and operational definitions of epilepsy, (2) data resources and recommended data elements, and (3) methods and analyses appropriate for epidemiologic studies or the surveillance of epilepsy. Variations in these are considered, taking into account differing resource availability and needs among countries and differing purposes among studies.
Almanac 2013.:stabilna koronarna bolest srca.

Epidemioloπki podaci iz Europe, SAD i drugdje u razvijenom svijetu pokazuju nagli pad smrtnosti od koronarne bolesti srca (KBS) tijekom posljednjih 40 godina. Zabrinutost zbog izjednaËavanja stope smrtnosti u mlaih odraslih donekle je ublaæena podacima iz Nizozemske koji pokazuju da su se kod muπkaraca u dobi <55 godina stope smanjivanja ponovno ubrzale, poveÊanjem od samo 16% u razdoblju od 1993. do 1999. na 46% u razdoblju od 1999. do 2007. SliËno je uoËeno kod mladih æena sa stopama smanjivanja 5% i 38% u istom vremenskom razdoblju. To je ohrabrujuÊe, osobito u kontekstu podataka iz Danske i Velike Britanije koji ukazuju na smanjivanje smrtnosti, kao i nagli pad standardizirane stope incidencije akutnog infarkta miokarda koji ukazuju da su koronarna prevencija, kao i lijeËenje akutnih faza bolesti pridonijele nedavnim trendovima pada mortaliteta. U meuvremenu nas australska studija podsjeÊa da je infarkt miokarda jedna od nekoliko manifestacija kardiovaskularne bolesti, pri Ëemu ukazuje na to da su se smanjenja uËestalosti i stope recidiva hospitaliziranih KBS od 2000. do 2007. godine takoer odnosile na cerebrovaskularne i bolesti perifernih arterija.
Connection and commitment:Exploring the generation and experience of emotion in a participatory drama.

Emotion is a complex and important aspect of participatory drama experience. This is because drama work of this kind provokes emotional responses to both actual and dramatic worlds. This paper identifies two key features of participatory drama that influence the generation and experience of emotion: commitment and connection. These features are discussed and then applied to create a framework designed to support facilitator understanding about the relationship between these features. The framework is aimed at identifying how, at any given moment in a drama, the intensity of commitment and connection impact on each individual participant's experience of emotion. Based on research conducted across three different contexts and with both children and adults, the authors suggest that an understanding of emotion is critical for those who are engaged in facilitating participatory drama work.
Synthesis of Ethanol from Syngas over Rh/MCM-41 Catalyst : Effect of Water on Product Selectivity

The thermochemical processing of biomass is an alternative route for the manufacture of fuel-grade ethanol, in which the catalytic conversion of syngas to ethanol is a key step. The search for novel catalyst formulations, active sites and types of support is of current interest. In this work, the catalytic performance of an Rh/MCM-41 catalyst has been evaluated and compared with a typical Rh/SiO2 catalyst. They have been compared at identical reaction conditions (280 °C and 20 bar), at low syngas conversion (2.8%) and at same metal dispersion (H/Rh = 22%). Under these conditions, the catalysts showed different product selectivities. The differences have been attributed to the concentration of water vapor in the pores of Rh/MCM-41. The concentration of water vapor could promote the water-gas-shift-reaction generating some extra carbon dioxide and hydrogen, which in turn can induce side reactions and change the product selectivity. The extra hydrogen generated could facilitate the hydrogenation of a C2-oxygenated intermediate to ethanol, thus resulting in a higher ethanol selectivity over the Rh/MCM-41 catalyst as compared to the typical Rh/SiO2 catalyst; 24% and 8%, respectively. The catalysts have been characterized, before and after reaction, by N2-physisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, H2-chemisorption, transmission electron microscopy and temperature programmed reduction.