Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Men, Women, and Postrelease Offending

Numerous studies have examined the postrelease behaviors of men and women, highlighting the importance of social bonds in understanding positive reentry. However, there is evidence that the effect of social bonds on recidivism may vary by gender. Furthermore, research suggests that an individual’s propensity for criminality, including prior criminal history, may hinder the development and maintenance of positive social bonds and subsequently affect reentry transitions. The current study extends previous research in two ways. First, the authors examine gender differences in the sources of recidivism and focus on the role of social ties and criminal history in shaping recidivism risk. Next, the authors consider if the influence of parolees’ ties to their parents and intimate partners is conditioned by their criminal history. The results reinforce the importance of social ties, particularly to parents, for parolees; however, the results also suggest that male relationships with parents and intimate partners may be influenced by prior criminal involvement.
The Effects of the Good Behavior Game With General-Education High School Students

Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to extend previous research by evaluating the effect of the interdependent group contingency procedure known as the Good Behavior Game (GBG) on decreasing disruptive behaviors with general-education high school students. Although many studies exist that have used the GBG to alter behaviors across ages ranging from preschool to adulthood, few studies exist in which the GBG has been used in general-education high school classrooms. The present study used separate ABAB withdrawal designs in three classrooms, with withdrawal and reimplementation in two of the classrooms. All three classrooms demonstrated large effect sizes with clear and substantial decreases in disruptive behaviors during the intervention phases. Teachers found the intervention acceptable, supporting the use of a modified version of the GBG in high school classrooms. Students found it generally acceptable as well, though with some reservations regarding certain aspects of the procedure.
Validation of Information System Project Success Model

This article illustrates how influential arguments were used to validate an information system (IS) project success model using the inductive-qualitative method rather than continual hypothesis testing. The purpose of the study was to explore the validity and feasibility of the model using a focus group study (FGS) to respond that many IS scholars were under more and more pressure in their research model validations. Most of them claimed that the quantitative validation was only the method to validate their models. Although they may have performed the qualitative validation, only a few of them realized that they have applied this method. This article will be valuable, especially to prove, describe, and illuminate the context and condition where the model validation had been performed qualitatively before the scholar carried out quantitatively the validation. The results represent the four model validation points regarding the modeling process, methodological aspect, and resource availability of the research and its implementation recommendations. A good reference point for IS scholars whose goal to validate their model feasibilities, especially using the qualitative validation method.
Change in anaesthetic practice for Caesarean section in Germany

Background: Initial data from 1996 revealed that in contrast to several other countries general anaesthesia was the preferred anaesthetic technique for Caesarean section in Germany. However, anaesthetic practice for Caesarean section has changed during the last decades world‐wide. This investigation was performed to obtain more actual data on anaesthetic procedures in obstetric patients in German hospitals.
The Effect of Cell Dose on the Early Magnetic Resonance Morphological Outcomes of Autologous Cell Implantation for Articular Cartilage Defects in the Knee

Background: Although autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been established as a standard treatment for large full-thickness cartilage defects, the effect of different doses of autologous chondrocyte products on structural outcomes has never been examined. Hypothesis: In ACI, the dose level may have an influence on medium-term magnetic resonance morphological findings after treatment. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 75 patients who underwent ACI using a pure, autologous, third-generation matrix-associated ACI product were divided into 3 groups representing different doses: 3 to 7 spheroids/cm2, 10 to 30 spheroids/cm2, and 40 to 70 spheroids/cm2. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 months after ACI and was evaluated by the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Results: MOCART scores showed improvements after 3 months, with slight dose dependence, and further improvement after 12 months, although without significant dose dependence. The mean MOCART scores after 3 months (0 = worst, 100 = best) were 59.8, 64.5, and 64.7 for the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, respectively, and 62.9 for all patients; at 12 months, these were 74.1, 74.5, and 68.8 for the respective dose groups and 72.4 for all patients. Several MOCART items (surface of repair tissue, structure of repair tissue, signal intensity of repair tissue, subchondral bone, and synovitis) showed a more rapid response with the medium and high doses than with the low dose, suggesting a potential dose relationship. No significant correlation between the MOCART (overall and subscores) with clinical outcomes as assessed by the overall KOOS was detected at 3- and 12-month assessments. Conclusion: This study reveals a trend toward earlier recovery after treatment with higher spheroid doses in terms of better defect filling for full-thickness cartilage defects of the knee, while outcomes after 12 months were similar in all dose groups. However, a correlation with clinical outcomes or the failure rate at 1 year after ACI was not found. A longer follow-up will be required for more definite conclusions on the clinical relevance of ACI cell density to be drawn. Registration: NCT01225575 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier); 2009-016816-20 (EudraCT number).
Mexican American Fertility Patterns

This book reports the effects of generation on fertility and the relationship between linguistic patterns and fertility among Mexican Americans. Using 3 data sources--1970 and 1980 US Census Public Use Sample data and the 1976 Survey of Income and Education data--a comparative framework is constructed which evaluates the relative merits of "opportunity costs" and "minority group status" hypotheses as they pertain to Mexican American and black fertility behavior. Chapters include 1) an introduction to the study; 2) a review of the literature; 3) the theoretical framework to guide the analyses; 4) a methodology describing the data measures and statistical procedures used; 5) an examination of the effects on own children fertility measures of generational status and female education within generational groups; 6) the effect of opportunity costs on Mexican American fertility and language proficiency; 7) a comparative analysis of Mexican American and black fertility; and 8) a summary of the findings. The minority group status hypothesis predicts that at some point in the assimilation process fertility levels of subgroups will fall below that of majority groups; social-psychological insecurities are thought to limit childbearing among minority group couples especially when accompanied by strong desires for acculturation. Later generational status English proficiency and frequent usage of English are all negatively associated with the cumulative fertility of Mexican American women. Overall structural relationships between groups in a society may operate to pattern racial and ethnic fertility differentials independently of the individual characteristics of the members of minority and majority groups.
Peer Relationship Profiles and Motivation in Youth Sport

The purpose of this study was to (a) describe peer relationship profiles of youth sport participants and (b) assess the motivational salience of these profiles by examining profile group differences on sport motivation-related variables. Youth sport camp participants (N = 243) ages 10 to 14 years (M = 11.8, SD = 1.2) completed a multisection questionnaire that contained sport-contextualized measures of perceived friendship quality (positive, conflict), perceived peer acceptance, perceived competence, enjoyment, anxiety, self-presentational concerns, and self-determined motivation. The positive friendship quality, friendship conflict, and peer acceptance responses were cluster-analyzed, yielding five peer relationship profiles that were consistent with expectations based on previous research (i.e., Seidman et al., 1999). Profile differences were obtained for all motivation-related variables and were in theoretically consistent directions. Those young athletes categorized in more adaptive peer relationship .
Moral Reasoning Development Programmes in Prison: Cognitive‐developmental and Critical Reasoning Approaches

Abstract Two intensive ll‐week moral education programmes were designed to develop the maturity of moral reasoning stages of medium‐security prison inmates. One programme was based on the cognitive disequilibrium induction techniques of the Kohlberg orientation; the other was based on the adequacy of moral reasoning competencies approach advocated by the Association for Values Education and Research (AVER). Both programmes resulted in significant and non‐differential advances in moral reasoning abilities, while inmates in a comparison group showed no advance. Results are discussed in terms of programme advantages and design needs for effective moral reasoning education in prison institutions.
Randomized Controlled Comparison of Cosmetic Outcomes of Simple Facial Lacerations Closed With Steri Strip™ Skin Closures or Dermabond™ Tissue Adhesive

Objective: To compare the short-term complications and long-term cosmetic outcomes of simple facial lacerations closed with 3M Steri Strip™ Skin Closures or Dermabond™. Methods: Prospective, randomized controlled trial of children ages 1 to 18 presenting to a pediatric emergency department with simple low-tension lacerations of the face. After standard wound care, patients received wound closure with either Steri Strip Skin Closure or Dermabond. Pain associated with closure was evaluated on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain). A follow-up telephone call was made a week after enrollment to determine short-term complications. Patients returned 2 months after would closure for wound photography. Cosmetic outcomes were evaluated by 2 plastic surgeons blinded to the method of wound closure on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (0 = best scar, 100 = worst scar). Results: One hundred children aged 1 to 18 were enrolled. Ninety-seven patients had results analyzed. Forty-eight received Steri Strip Skin Closures and 49 received Dermabond. Patient demographics and wound characteristics were similar between groups. Pain scores on a 100-mm visual analogue scale were 9.0 mm for the Steri Strip group and 6.2 mm for the Dermabond group (P = ns). At short-term follow-up, there was one wound complication in the Steri Strip group and 7 complications in the Dermabond group (P = 0.06). Eighty-nine patients received 2-month evaluation (41 Steri Strip, 45 Dermabond). There was no difference in the mean visual analogue scale cosmesis scores: 37.2 mm (95% CI = 30.8-43.7) versus 43.8 mm (95% CI = 38.4-49.2) (P = 0.12). Conclusions: Steri Strip Skin Closures and Dermabond provide similar cosmetic outcomes for closure of simple facial lacerations. Steri Strip Skin Closure may represent a low-cost alternative for closure of simple facial lacerations.
Impediments to Information and Knowledge Sharing within Policing: A Study of Three Canadian Policing Organizations

Information sharing is the lifeblood of policing, yet information/knowledge sharing within and across organizations remains problematic. This article elaborated on previous research on organizational information culture and its impact on information use outcomes in policing by examining perceived impediments to information sharing of 134 officers in three Canadian police organizations. Inductive qualitative analysis of an open-ended question revealed seven mutually exclusive impediment themes: processes/technology, individual unwillingness, organizational unwillingness, workload/overload, location/structure, leadership, and risk management. When viewed from the knowledge management infrastructure perspective, organizational structure was the single most common impediment identified, followed closely by organizational culture. Each organization had unique constellations of information sharing impediments. Recommendations for policy and practice are discussed.
Longitudinal relationships of circulating reproductive hormone with functional disability, muscle mass, and strength in community-dwelling older men: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men project.

CONTEXT The relationship between functional disability and reproductive hormones and whether it is mediated by muscle mass and strength in older men are unclear. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to identify the relationships between hormones and change in functional disability over a 2-year follow-up and to examine whether muscle mass and strength explain any of the observed relationships. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 1318 men aged 70 years and older from the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project study were assessed at both baseline and 2-year follow-up. T, DHT, estradiol (E2), and estrone (E1) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and SHBG, LH, and FSH by immunoassay. OUTCOME MEASURES Functional disability was measured by basic Activities of Daily Living scale at both time points. Grip and quadricep strength were measured using dynamometers and lean (muscle) mass was determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS All hormones were significantly associated with functional decline in univariate analyses. Only T, E2, E1, and calculated free T remained associated in multivariate analyses. Men in the lowest T quartile (vs the highest quartile) had an increased risk functional decline (odds ratio 1.96, 95% confidence interval 1.01-3.82). Similar associations were observed in E2, E1, and calculated free T. When muscle variables were added into the multivariate model, the associations between these hormones and functional decline were no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSION Low T, E2, and E1 were significantly associated with prospective functional decline over 2 years. This relationship was no longer significant when muscle mass or strength were added, suggesting that the hormonal associations are mediated through their sequential effect on muscle mass and strength.
An independent evaluation of four quantitative emergency department crowding scales.

BACKGROUND Emergency department (ED) overcrowding has become a frequent topic of investigation. Despite a significant body of research, there is no standard definition or measurement of ED crowding. Four quantitative scales for ED crowding have been proposed in the literature: the Real-time Emergency Analysis of Demand Indicators (READI), the Emergency Department Work Index (EDWIN), the National Emergency Department Overcrowding Study (NEDOCS) scale, and the Emergency Department Crowding Scale (EDCS). These four scales have yet to be independently evaluated and compared. OBJECTIVES The goals of this study were to formally compare four existing quantitative ED crowding scales by measuring their ability to detect instances of perceived ED crowding and to determine whether any of these scales provide a generalizable solution for measuring ED crowding. METHODS Data were collected at two-hour intervals over 135 consecutive sampling instances. Physician and nurse agreement was assessed using weighted kappa statistics. The crowding scales were compared via correlation statistics and their ability to predict perceived instances of ED crowding. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values were calculated at site-specific cut points and at the recommended thresholds. RESULTS All four of the crowding scales were significantly correlated, but their predictive abilities varied widely. NEDOCS had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC) (0.92), while EDCS had the lowest (0.64). The recommended thresholds for the crowding scales were rarely exceeded; therefore, the scales were adjusted to site-specific cut points. At a site-specific cut point of 37.19, NEDOCS had the highest sensitivity (0.81), specificity (0.87), and positive predictive value (0.62). CONCLUSIONS At the study site, the suggested thresholds of the published crowding scales did not agree with providers' perceptions of ED crowding. Even after adjusting the scales to site-specific thresholds, a relatively low prevalence of ED crowding resulted in unacceptably low positive predictive values for each scale. These results indicate that these crowding scales lack scalability and do not perform as designed in EDs where crowding is not the norm. However, two of the crowding scales, EDWIN and NEDOCS, and one of the READI subscales, bed ratio, yielded good predictive power (AROC >0.80) of perceived ED crowding, suggesting that they could be used effectively after a period of site-specific calibration at EDs where crowding is a frequent occurrence.
Left size distortion (hyperschematia) after right brain damage

Objective: To quantitate a size distortion involving the side of space contralateral to the lesion (contralesional) in two right-brain-damaged patients. Methods: We studied two right-brain-damaged patients with lesions sparing the occipital lobe and a mild left neglect on target cancellation or line bisection. The lesions involved the temporoparietal region (Patient 1) and the basal ganglia and the insula (Patients 1 and 2). Patients were given drawing tasks and tasks requiring perceptual and visuomotor judgments of horizontal extent. Results: In drawing objects such as a daisy both from memory and by copying, patients exhibited a disproportionate enlargement of the left-hand side of objects and added more left-sided petals to the drawn daisy. This pathologic behavior persisted when the patients were blindfolded and was likely to reflect a perceptual, rather than premotor, size distortion. In a task requiring the perceptual matching of two rectangles, patients underestimated the left-sided stimulus. In a visuomotor task requiring the reproduction of the horizontal extent of a segment, patients exhibited a hyperextension, when a leftward movement was required. Conclusions: We showed a disordered representation of extrapersonal space, possibly involving a contralesional relaxation of the spatial medium. The deficit does not arise at the level of retinotopic coordinate frames and is independent of unilateral spatial neglect.
The formation of buds in yeast.

SUMMARY: Vesicles accumulate at the site of bud formation in the mother cell and are also found in the growing bud during the growth of its wall. The bud is in direct communication with the mother cell until maturity when a septum which is formed across the cytoplasm grows inwards from the wall and is subsequently thickened on both sides. During the thickening process vesicles are present at both surfaces of the cross-wall which finally has two layers one of which becomes continuous with the bud cell wall. It is suggested that the vesicles carry material both into the growing bud wall and into the septum.
Radiation Protection for the Fluoroscopy Operator and Staff.

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this article are to review available data regarding the range of protection devices and garments with a focus on eye protection and to summarize techniques for reducing scatter radiation exposure. CONCLUSION Fluoroscopy operators and staff can greatly reduce their radiation exposure by wearing properly fitted protective garments, positioning protective devices to block scatter radiation, and adhering to good radiation practices. By understanding the essentials of radiation physics, protective equipment, and the features of each imaging system, operators and staff can capitalize on opportunities for radiation protection while minimizing ergonomic strain. Practicing and promoting a culture of radiation safety can help fluoroscopy operators and staff enjoy long, productive careers helping patients.
Analysis of hardware prefetching across virtual page boundaries

Data cache prefetching in the L2 is at the forefront of pre-fetching research. In this paper we analyze the impact of virtual page boundaries on these prefetchers. Conservative measurements on real hardware show that 30-50% of consecutive virtual pages are mapped to pages which are not consecutive in physical memory. Advanced hardware prefetching techniques that detect access patterns which span virtual page boundaries often end up prefetching data that is from the wrong physical page. Meanwhile, current simulation techniques for evaluating prefetching algorithms assume that all virtual pages are mapped consecutively. We show that not accounting for virtual page boundaries in simulation can lead to overestimates of as much as 29% (9% on average). We also show that a simple prefetch filter can improve performance up to 32% (7% on average) and recover the overestimated performance. This leads to the conclusion that although previous simulations may not have accounted for virtual page boundaries, the results they demonstrate are still attainable and that it is not necessary to simulate virtual page boundaries to get accurate results. However, actual hardware designers should take care to implement a simple filter or else their hardware may not show the same gains in performance as they did in simulation.