Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HPA -axis responses to an interpersonal stress task among socially anxious older adolescents

HPA-AXIS RESPONSES TO INTERPERSONAL STRESS AMONG SOCIALLY ANXIOUS OLDER ADOLESCENTS MAY 2007 ELIZABETH SEELEY, B.A., FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY ED.M. , HARVARD UNIVERSITY M.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Sally I. Powers Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation is linked to physical health problems and several psychiatric disorders, but is not well documented for social anxiety disorder (SAD). SAD often emerges in adolescence and precedes several other psychiatric disorders. Therefore, HPA-axis responses to a negotiation stress task between romantic partners in 18 SAD older adolescents and 18 matched controls were examined. The SAD group displayed significant anticipator)' cortisol reactivity and significantly delayed recovery after the task. There were no significant group differences in cortisol reactivity to the task. The SAD group’s average cortisol levels tended to be lower across all measurement times and this was significant for SAD males. Exploratory analyses revealed positive associations between subjective stress and cortisol particularly for the SAD group.
NEUROECONOMICS: A CRITICAL RECONSIDERATION

Understanding more about how the brain functions should help us understand economic behaviour. But some would have us believe that it has done this already, and that insights from neuroscience have already provided insights in economics that we would not otherwise have. Much of this is just academic marketing hype, and to get down to substantive issues we need to identify that fluff for what it is. After we clear away the distractions, what is left? The answer is that a lot is left, but it is still all potential. That is not a bad thing, or a reason to stop the effort, but it does point to the need for a serious reconsideration of what neuroeconomics is and what passes for explanation in this literature. I argue that neuroeconomics can be a valuable field, but not the way it is being developed and “sold” now. The same is true more generally of behavioural economics, which shares many of the methodological flaws of neuroeconomics.
Does Access Equal Retention? The Experiences of Long-Term English Learners in Higher Education.

Through this longitudinal, phenomenological study, I examined the experiences of (H)Mong Long Term English Learners (LTEL) conditionally admitted to Midwest State University through the English for Academic Success Program (EAP). Over the course of six years, I interviewed participants regarding their academic and social experiences during college. Their experiences primarily fit within Tinto’s (1993) framework of departure. The participants’ pre-entry attributes, experiences within the EAP, and experiences after their year in the EAP contributed to their decision to depart or persist. None of the participants had typical connections to campus; they lived off-campus, had significant external obligations, and were not active members of the campus community. Three of the four departers, left MSU because of incongruence, suggesting that MSU was not a good fit for the participant. The fourth departer left MSU because of external obligations. The departures prior to degree were greatly influenced by the pre-entry attributes of the participants (ACT scores nine points below the University average), indicating MSU may have been their only choice in a four-year institution of higher education. Choice appears to have a significant influence on persistence. The persisters chose MSU and had strong academic role-models, either parents or siblings, that helped them negotiate the college experience. Participation in the EAP provided a sheltered environment to improve academic English and college learning strategies, but flaws within the program made it difficult for participants to transition out of the sheltered environment, both academically and socially. As the participants progressed through college, both positive and negative experiences influenced their ways of knowing and self-authorship (Baxter Magolda, 1992, 2008). A holistic approach to higher education is necessary to retain at-risk and diverse populations, particularly those who are LTELs. Success begins by effectively targeting participants during the admissions process, providing access programs that are academically rigorous, and by long-term retention efforts to improve persistence. Running head: DOES ACCESS EQUAL RETENTION 4
Evidence-Based I–O Psychology: Not There Yet

Evidence-based practice is now well established in several fields including medicine, nursing, and social policy. This article seeks to promote discussion of whether the practice of industrial–organizational (I–O) psychologists is evidence based and what is needed to make I–O psychology an evidence-based discipline. It first reviews the emergence of the concept of evidence-based practice. Second, it considers the definitions and features of evidence-based practice, including evidence-based management. It then assesses whether I–O psychology is itself an evidence-based discipline by identifying key characteristics of evidence-based practice and judging the extent these characterize I–O psychology. Fourth, some key strategies for promoting the use of evidence in I–O psychology are considered: practice-oriented research and systematic reviews. Fifth, barriers to practicing evidence-based I–O psychology are identified along with suggestions for overcoming them. Last is a look to the future of an evidence-based I–O psychology that plays an important role in helping consultants, in-house I–O psychologists, managers, and organizations become more evidence based.
Reduced contact-inhibition and substratum adhesion in epithelial cells expressing GlcNAc-transferase V

Malignant transformation of fibroblast and epithelial cells is accompanied by increased beta 1-6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GlcNAc-TV) activity, a Golgi N-linked oligosaccharide processing enzyme. Herein, we report that expression of GlcNAc-TV in Mv1Lu cells, an immortalized lung epithelial cell line results in loss of contact- inhibition of cell growth, an effect that was blocked by swainsonine, an inhibitor of Golgi processing enzyme alpha-mannosidase II. In serum- deprived and high density monolayer cultures, the GlcNAc-TV transfectants formed foci, maintained microfilaments characteristic of proliferating cells, and also experienced accelerated cell death by apoptosis. Injection of the GlcNAc-TV transfectants into nude mice produced a 50% incidence of benign tumors, and progressively growing tumors in 2:12 mice with a latency of 6 mo, while no growth was observed in mice injected with control cells. In short term adhesion assays, the GlcNAc-TV expressing cells were less adhesive on surfaces coated with fibronectin and collagen type IV, but no changes were observed in levels of cell surface alpha 5 beta 1 or alpha v beta 3 integrins. The larger apparent molecular weights of the LAMP-2 glycoprotein and integrin glycoproteins alpha 5, alpha v and beta 1 in the transfected cells indicates that their oligosaccharide chains are substrates for GlcNAc-TV. The results suggest that beta 1-6GlcNAc branching of N-linked oligosaccharides contributes directly to relaxed growth controls and reduce substratum adhesion in premalignant epithelial cells.
X-Ray Rates in Scintillating Fibers Placed Near the BNL ATF RF

Scintillating fiber detectors 1 mm in diameter and 30 cm long experienced x-ray rates of about 1000 photoelectrons per 5-ns interval when placed near a 2856 MHz rf cavity operating at a field of 110 MV/m. The rate varied as the 10.8 power of the cavity field, so detection of single minimum ionizing particles above the x-ray background would only be possible for cavity field below about 50 MV/m. Since the peak energy gain of electrons crossing the cavity is about 3 MeV, which is similar to the gain per cell in an ionization cooling channel, these results suggest that it will be difficult to detect single muons in scintillating fibers at an ionization cooling channel operating at peak field.
The role of music in adolescents' mood regulation

The aim of this study was the exploration and theoretical clarification of the role of music in adolescents' mood regulation. The phenomenon was approached through an inductive theory construction. The data were gathered from eight adolescents by means of group interviews and follow-up forms, and were then analysed using constructive grounded theory methods. The analysis resulted in a theoretical model, which describes mood regulation by music as a process of satisfying personal mood-related goals through various musical activities. The general nature of the mood regulation is described, the goals and strategies of mood regulation are examined, and finally the specific role of music in mood regulation is discussed.
Fairness-Driven Queue Management: A Survey and Taxonomy

Providing congestion control in the Internet, while ensuring fairness among a myriad of heterogeneous flows, is a challenging task. The conventional wisdom is to rely on end-user applications cooperatively deploying congestion control mechanisms to achieve high network utilization and some degree of fairness among flows. However, as the Internet has evolved to encompass all of society, such a cooperative behavior from end-user applications is not always granted. Applications may simply act selfishly to be more competitive through bandwidth abuse. Bandwidth starvation may also arise unintentionally depending on the nature of traffic sources. The ensuing impact can be severe fairness hazard and even congestion collapse. Router-based queue management schemes driven by fairness objectives, thus, become an inescapable necessity for fairly sharing network resources. Given a significant volume of literature relating to fairness-driven queue management schemes, there has remained a need for a broader and coherent survey. This paper presents a systematic and comprehensive review of eminent fairness-driven queue management schemes from the inception of the concept and the preliminary work to the most recent work. We present a new taxonomy of categorizing fairness-driven queue management schemes. We discuss design approaches and key attributes of these schemes and provide their comparison and analysis. Based on the outcomes of this survey, we discuss a number of open issues and provide generic design guidelines and future directions for the research in this field.
Integration of Financial Markets and National Price Levels: The Role of Exchange Rate Volatility

How does international financial integration affect national price levels? To analyze this question, this paper formulates a two-country open economy sticky-price model under either segmented or complete asset markets. It is shown that the effect of financial integration, i.e. moving from segmented to complete asset markets, is regime-dependent. Under managed exchange rates, financial integration raises the national price level. Under floating exchange rates, however, financial integration lowers national price levels. Thus, the paper proposes a novel argument to rationalize systematic deviations from PPP. Panel evidence for 54 countries supports the main findings. A 10% larger ratio of foreign assets and liabilities to GDP, our measure of international financial integration, increases the national price level by 0.27 percentage points under fixed and intermediate exchange rate regimes and lowers the price level by 0.3 percentage points under floating exchange rates.
From Research to the Classroom: Notes on the Subjunctive.

Good teaching is a product of both science and art. The scientific side of teaching concerns the accurate knowledge of the subject, something quite different from the techniques used to communicate that same knowledge. Striking a balance between these two aspects of teaching can be difficult when the "science" side of things -i.e., the state of the art in linguistics of recent years -is itself in flux. Despite these potential pitfalls, we would like to summarize some of our findings on mood selection in Spanish resulting from various research projects carried out over the last four years and then proceed to formulate some tentative guidelines for teaching the subjunctive at the beginning level. Some linguists might be dismayed by data such as ours which do not always substantiate categorical rules; others choose to ignore this type of evidence all together; still others properly set out to grapple with the complexities of language in whatever fashion they present themselves. When a field of knowledge is as confusing as present day linguistics appears to be at times, it is no wonder the teaching decisions on the "art" side of the question may also become muddled. Let us start with a widely accepted categorical presentation of the modal system in Spanish found in Figure 1 below, based on Terrell and Hooper's (1974) model. In this model, mood choices are made according to both syntactic and semantic criteria. Special mention should be made of the effect negating the matrix can have in the case of expressions of doubt and assertion. Negating a matrix of doubt turns it into an assertion, while negating an assertation casts doubt on the truth value of the subordinate proposition. Mood choices are said to be modified accordingly as shown in examples (1) through (4):
Moving Beyond the Sophists

This article argues that the dominant role played by intellectuals in East Central Europe was motivated by a deeply felt Enlightenment missionary belief. This establishes affinities between them and the ancient Sophists, and the ambivalence of such a position is illustrated through the case of Georg Lukács. As examples of philosophers in the classical sense of the term, the article provides four short portraits: the Czech Jan Patocka, who argued that Europe as a culture is rooted in the care of the soul; the Hungarian one-time friends Károly Kerényi and Béla Hamvas, and the Polish bishop-philosopher Karol Wojtyla, who became Pope John Paul II. The central thrust of the argument is that while Western thought is increasingly trapped in an ever more desperately radicalized critique of metaphysics, in East Central Europe – ironically, to a large extent in the footsteps of Nietzsche – the most important intellectual figures have sparked a return to metaphysics.
Molecular stratification of medulloblastoma: comparison of histological and genetic methods to detect Wnt activated tumours

Wnt activation in medulloblastomas is associated with good outcome. Upfront testing and risk‐adapted stratification of patients will be done in future clinical studies. In a cohort of 186 paediatric medulloblastomas our aim was to identify the optimal methods in standard clinical practice to detect this subgroup.
Influence of Interpersonal Violence and Community Chaos on Stress Reactions in Children

This study evaluated the separate and additive contributions of direct violent victimization, witnessed violence, and community chaos to children's posttraumatic stress reactions and behavior problems. Participants were 181 African American youths residing in low-income urban communities. Regression analyses revealed direct victimization to be most predictive of behavior problems and community chaos most predictive of posttraumatic stress reactions in children. Path models established community chaos as a mediator of the relation between witnessed violence and posttraumatic stress reactions and the relation between witnessed violence and behavior problems. Community chaos did not mediate the relation between direct victimization and posttraumatic stress reactions or behavior problems; however, a significant direct contribution of violent victimization to behavior problems was established. Findings support the emphasis placed on community chaos and instability in exacerbating stress reactions in the presence of interpersonal violence. Findings are discussed in terms of risk minimization and distress management.
Tourist satisfaction: A guided “cultural” tour in north queensland

Abstract The principal aim of this research was to determine factors responsible for tourists' satisfaction with 1-day guided tours of an aboriginal and islander community in North Queensland. Requirements of the tour guide and expectations of cultural interaction were compared with overall satisfaction. The degree to which these expectations were met determined tourists' satisfaction with the tour as a whole. Of particular importance were the ability of the tour guide to (a) provide an interesting commentary, (b) interact with the tour group, and (c) ensure the smooth running of the tour. Visitor evaluations of cultural enrichment and interaction with the local people were also important These results were interpreted within the tourist-environmental “fit” theory.
Polarized Pluralist and Democratic Corporatist Models

Even though the news coverage of election campaigns is important and has been at the centre of political communication research for a long time, there is still a lack of comparative studies in this area. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the election news coverage in Spain and Sweden. Theoretically, the study draws primarily on the concept and theory of framing and structural bias. The empirical method used is quantitative content analysis of the election news coverage in three newspapers in each country. The time period includes the three weeks prior to the Swedish national election in 2002 and the Spanish national election in 2004.
The Influences of Salaries and "Opportunity Costs" on Teachers' Career Choices: Evidence from North Carolina

Richard Murnane, Judith Singer, and John Willett analyze data from a larger study on the factors influencing career paths of teachers, focusing specifically on the career paths of White teachers in North Carolina who were first hired between 1976 and 1978. Using methodology known as "hazards modeling," the authors explore the relationship between the risk of leaving teaching, on the one hand, and teacher salary and opportunity cost, on the other hand. By employing hazards models, they are able to examine simultaneously various predictors of risk of leaving teaching — gender, National Teacher Examination (NTE) score, subject specialty, and the level of teaching (elementary or secondary) — and to determine whether the effects of these predictors remain constant or vary across teachers' careers. The authors conclude by discussing implications for policy and for teacher supply and demand models.
Administrative Behavior: Theory and Research

1 HIS chapter is concerned chiefly with theoretical and empirical studies of administrative behavior and of training programs in administration. Writings which seemed to present significant conceptual formulations or empirical data were reviewed; texts in educational administration were omitted. Reference was made to studies in educational administration and to those in the general field of administration which appeared relevant to education. The material reviewed was organized under the following divisions: the development and use of theory, organizational behavior, personal variables and leadership, the organization in the larger society, and selection and training.
Sex differences in learned helplessness: II. The contingencies of evaluative feedback in the classroom and III. An experimental analysis.

Girls show greater evidence than boys of learned helplessness in achievement situations with adult (but not peer) evaluators: They attribute their failures to lack of ability rather than motivation and thus show impaired performance under failure. Two studies are reported linking sex differences in attributions to adults' use of evaluative feedback. Study 1 revealed that both the contingencies of feedback in classrooms and the attributions made by teachers were ones that would render negative evaluation more indicative of ability for girls than boys. For example, negative evaluation of girls' performance referred almost exclusively to intellectual inadequacies, whereas 45% of boys' work-related criticism referred to nonintellectual aspects. Moreover, teachers attributed the boys' failures to lack of motivation significantly more than they did the girls' failures. In Study 2, teacher-boy and teacher-girl contingencies of work-related criticism observed in classrooms were programmed in an experimental situation. Both boys and girls receiving the teacher-girl contingency were more likely to view subsequent failure feedback from that evaluator as indicative of their ability. Implications for developmental theories and for development are addressed.
Treating the Victimized Bulimic

The binge-purge symptoms associated with bulimia are presented as both a reaction to and a method of coping with physical and sexual abuse. Nine functions of binge-purge behavior are related to attempts at coping with the memories, thoughts, and feelings that accompany abusive experiences. Consideration of the context for these symptoms affects conceptualization and treatment planning. Treatment issues are outlined including goals of treatment, the therapeutic relationship, interpersonal boundaries, treatment milieu, and medication.
Street Corner Society: Leisure Careers, Youth (Sub)culture and Social Exclusion

Abstract This paper draws upon qualitative research with ‘socially excluded’ young people in the North East of England. It proposes that the concept and study of ‘leisure careers’ is useful in understanding the transitions, (sub)cultural experiences and identities of social groups like this. The empirical focus is upon the significance of leisure careers in the neighbourhood‐based, social networks of some criminally involved, socially excluded young adults. Theoretically, we argue that a focus on leisure careers, as part of a broad, holistic approach to youth transitions, can help overcome some of the problems that currently affect youth studies. In particular, fuller examination of shifting, leisure‐based activities and identities within studies of youth transition may help bridge the analytical divide between that tradition of youth research and that which focuses primarily on youth culture and identity.