Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Written Word: Player-Press Relationships in American Sports

This paper provides an overview of the role relationship between professional athletes and sports journalists. After a brief historical review it discusses (a) the current conflicts between players and sports writers in light of changing role definitions for both athletes and journalists, (b) ethical guidelines for writers covering athletes as personalities, and (c) how the emergence of superstar athletes has intensified the potential for conflict in player-press relations. The major conclusion is that conflict in player-press relations is likely to continue. Its intensity will vary with the players’ understandings of the role of the press in professional sport, the knowledge and empathy of the sports writers themselves, and the sophistication of the consumers of sport publications.
How do Drivers Behave in a Highly Automated Car

This paper outlines the results of a driving simulator study conducted for the European CityMobil project, which was designed to investigate the effect of a highly automated driving scenario on driver behaviour. Drivers’ response to a number of ‘critical’ scenarios was compared in manual driving with that in automated driving. Drivers were in full control of the vehicle and its manoeuvres in the manual driving condition, whilst control of the vehicle was transferred to an ‘automated system’ in the automated driving condition. Automated driving involved the engagement of lateral and longitudinal controllers, which kept the vehicle in the centre of the lane and at a speed of 40 mph, respectively. Drivers were required to regain control of the driving task if the automated system was unable to handle a critical situation. An auditory alarm forewarned drivers of an imminent collision in such critical situations. Drivers’ response to all critical events was found to be much later in the automated driving condition, compared to manual driving. This is thought to be because drivers’ situation awareness was reduced during automated driving, with response only produced after drivers heard the alarm. Alternatively, drivers may have relied too heavily on the system, waiting for the auditory alarm before responding in a critical situation. These results suggest that action must be taken when implementing fully automated driving to ensure that the driver is kept in the loop at all times and is able to respond in time and appropriately during critical situations.
Effect of exercise on depressive symptoms and body balance in the elderly

ABSTRACT Exercise systematically improves physical and psychological performances on a wide range of measures, but the links between them are rarely examined for the high homogeneous group of institutionalized veterans. This study aims to investigate the exercise intervention effects on both depressive symptoms and body-balance. Samples were divided into experimental-group (N = 11, mean age = 80.67) and the control-group (N = 10, mean-age = 82.54). The experimental-group received 10 sessions of exercise intervention, including aerobic cycling and leg stretching (muscular endurance), while the control-group attended lecture sessions on health education. Depressive symptoms: the findings show the intervention has no significant intragroup effect on either the experimental-group or the control-group; but a high and median effect-size (EF with Cohen’s d) was found for both the experimental and the control group (d = .916 and .504, respectively). The intergroup difference was small (p = .748; d = .136). Balance-ability: the findings show no statistically significant intragroup effect on the 5-stage balance test within the experimental-group, and the EF is low. In the control-group, health education intervention had no improvement on the 5-stage balance test, but there was a moderate decrease in balance Stage-4 (d = −.626). Additionally, the strong intergroup effect (d = 1.621, p = .003) indicated that the experimental-group is superior to the control-group at Stage-4, and there was a moderate effect at stage-3 and stage-5 (d = .567 and .495, respectively). The current study shows that exercise can help adults older than 80 to ameliorate depressive symptoms and enhance body balance ability, and the findings deserve more attention.
Perceptions of Dammam University Preparatory Year Students' about the Uses of Social Networking to Support and Enhance Teaching and Learning Processes

The goal of the present research is “To study for the introductory year students at Dammam University the Perceptions of the contribution of social networks to support and enhance teaching and learning processes”. The research has been conducted during the academic year 2014/2015 on a sample of (281) introductory year students at Dammam University who correctly responded to the research tool. The final research sample has been sorted according to gender: (97 male students representing 34% and 184 female students representing 66%). The results revealed that 91.6% of the student sample uses the social networks, 40.5% of which uses it to communicate with relatives and friends, 7.6% to exchange views and ideas with others and to discover other cultures while 9.5% are using it for leisure and entertainment, while only 2.2% of the sample under study uses it, for the time being, as educative assistance. The study has also handled the mental image of the introductory year students (first year in university) towards the uses of the social networks and its applications in education. The results revealed the existence of positive mental images of the introductory year students in the following axes: a) support the interaction between the teachers and students and among the students themselves; b) content and education activities support; c) support to the learner-based education strategies with a high scoring on a scale of (5 points). The results revealed as well the existence of statistically indicative differences in the mental images of the introductory year students towards the use of social networks and implementation thereof in the education process according to gender (males and females) for the benefit of male students. Based on the study results the two researchers have presented a number of recommendations and pedagogic applications and more of the future suggested studies.
Swedish is beautiful, Danish is ugly? Investigating the link between language attitudes and spoken word recognition

Abstract This paper investigates the hypothesis that attitudes towards a linguistic variety and intelligibility of that variety are linked. This is done by eliciting language attitudes and word recognition scores in 154 Danish and Swedish schoolchildren and adolescents between 7 and 16 years. Language attitudes towards the neighboring language are elicited by means of a matched-guise experiment while word recognition is tested by auditorily presenting the participants with 50 spoken stimuli in their neighboring language (Danish for Swedish children and vice versa) in a picture-pointing task. Results revealed that while Danish children held more positive attitudes towards Swedish than vice versa and their word recognition scores were generally higher than those of their Swedish peers, the correlation between these two variables is very low, indicating that the two variables are only loosely linked.
Discrimination of Visual Categories Based on Behavioral Relevance in Widespread Regions of Frontoparietal Cortex

Allocating attentional resources to currently relevant information in a dynamically changing environment is critical to goal-directed behavior. Previous studies in nonhuman primates (NHPs) have demonstrated modulation of neural representations of stimuli, in particular visual categorizations, by behavioral significance in the lateral prefrontal cortex. In the human brain, a network of frontal and parietal regions, the “multiple demand” (MD) system, is involved in cognitive and attentional control. To test for the effect of behavioral significance on categorical discrimination in the MD system in humans, we adapted a previously used task in the NHP and used multivoxel pattern analysis for fMRI data. In a cued-detection categorization task, participants detected whether an image from one of two target visual categories was present in a display. Our results revealed that categorical discrimination is modulated by behavioral relevance, as measured by the distributed pattern of response across the MD network. Distinctions between categories with different behavioral status (e.g., a target and a nontarget) were significantly discriminated. Category distinctions that were not behaviorally relevant (e.g., between two targets) were not discriminated. Other aspects of the task that were orthogonal to the behavioral decision did not modulate categorical discrimination. In a high visual region, the lateral occipital complex, modulation by behavioral relevance was evident in its posterior subregion but not in the anterior subregion. The results are consistent with the view of the MD system as involved in top-down attentional and cognitive control by selective coding of task-relevant discriminations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Control of cognitive demands fundamentally involves flexible allocation of attentional resources depending on a current behavioral context. Essential to such a mechanism is the ability to select currently relevant information and at the same time filter out information that is irrelevant. In an fMRI study, we measured distributed patterns of activity for objects from different visual categories while manipulating the behavioral relevance of the categorical distinctions. In a network of frontal and parietal cortical regions, the multiple-demand (MD) network, patterns reflected category distinctions that were relevant to behavior. Patterns could not be used to make task-irrelevant category distinctions. These findings demonstrate the ability of the MD network to implement complex goal-directed behavior by focused attention.
Dynamic Sculpting of Directional Tuning in the Primate Motor Cortex during Three-Dimensional Reaching

In the present study, we investigated how directional tuning of putative pyramidal cells is sharpened by inhibition from neighboring interneurons. First, different functional and electrophysiological criteria were used to identify putative pyramidal and interneuronal subtypes in a large database of motor cortical cells recorded during performance of the three-dimensional center-out task. Then we analyzed the relationship between the magnitude of inhibition and the tuning width, and a significant decrease of the latter as a function of the former was found in a population of putative pyramidal cells. In fact, the coupling of inhibition with narrow tuning was observed before and during movement execution on a cell-by-cell basis, indicating an important dynamic role of inhibition during movement control. Overall, these results suggest that local inhibition is involved in sculpting the directional specificity of a group of putative pyramidal neurons in the motor cortex.
Assessment of the TMJ Dysfunction Using the Computerized Facebow Analysis of Selected Parameters

The Purpose of the Paper. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of selected parameters of mandible movements, electronically registered in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction and healthy ones. Material. Function test of the mandible movements was conducted in 175 patients. Gender distribution was 143 women and 32 men, aged 9 to 84. Methods. The studied population, after accurate clinical examination, was divided into age groups with the range of five years. All the patients had Zebris JMA computerized facebow examination done, according to the generally accepted principles and procedures. Results. Mean values of mouth opening calculated to 45.6 mm in healthy group and 37.6 mm in TMJ dysfunction group. Mean length of condylar path amounted to 39 ± 7% of the maximum value of mouth opening in the group of healthy people, 44 ± 11% in the case of muscle-based disorders, and 35 ± 11% with joint-based. The mean value of the condylar path inclination oscillated in the range of 25° to 45°. Conclusions. The ratio of length of the condylar path to the size of mouth opening may be a significant value characterising the type and degree of intensification of the TMJ dysfunctions.
A New Look at the Trade Volume Effects of Real Exchange Rate Risk: A Rational Expectation-Based Multivariate Garch-M Approach

This paper takes a new empirical look at the longstanding question of the effect of exchange rate volatility on international trade flows by studying the case of Taiwan's exports to the United States from 1989-1998. In particular, we employ sectoral level, monthly data and a multivariate GARCH-M estimator with corrections for leptokurtic errors that is consistent with the core hypothesis that traders' forward contracting behavior might be affected by exchange rate risk. We find that real exchange rate risk has insignificant effects in most sectors, although agricultural trade volumes appear highly responsive to real exchange rate volatility. These results differ significantly from those obtained using more conventional and restrictive modeling assumptions.
Design and Performance of the OpenBSD Stateful Packet Filter (pf)

With more and more hosts being connected to the Internet, the importance of securing connected networks has increased, too. One mechanism to provide enhanced security for a network is to filter out potentially malicious network packets. Firewalls are designed to provide “policy-based” network filtering. A firewall may consist of several components. Its key component is usually a packet filter. The packet filter may be stateful to reach more informed decisions. The state allows the packet filter to keep track of established connections so that arriving packets could be associated with them. On the other hand, a stateless packet filter bases its decisions solely on individual packets. With release 3.0, OpenBSD includes a new Stateful Packet Filter (pf) in the base install. pf implements traditional packet filtering with some additional novel algorithms. This paper describes the design and implementation of pf and compares its scalability and performance with existing packet filter implementations.
The influence of self aspects, sources of workplace satisfaction and gender on organisational commitment : an integrated model

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between self-aspects, sources of workplace satisfaction and types of organisational commitment. This study tested three expectations. The first was that employees with strongly developed relational self-aspects who find satisfaction in workplace relationships with their direct managers and colleagues were likely to experience affective committed towards their organisation. The second was that employees with strongly developed individual selfaspects who find satisfaction in the job itself were likely to experience continuance commitment towards their organisation. The third was that employees with strongly developed collective self-aspects who find satisfaction in the organisation as well as its senior management were likely to experience normative committed towards their organisation. To test these hypotheses, three empirical studies were conducted. In Study 1 respondents (N = 140) were drawn from a large aged care nursing facility. Using separate regression analyses, support was found for the expectation that relational self-aspects would predict satisfaction with colleague relationships and that satisfaction with colleague and manager relationships would predict affective commitment. Support was also found for the expectation that collective self-aspects would predict satisfaction with the organisation and its senior management, however only satisfaction with the organisation was found to predict normative commitment. The expected relationship between individual self-aspects, job satisfaction and continuance commitment was not supported. It was argued that the strong relational nature of the sample and the high percentage (87%) of females within the sample may have influenced the results. Study 2 was designed to reconfirm the expected relationship between sources of workplace satisfaction and types of organisational commitment using a broader sample. Respondents (N = 146; females =86, males = 60) were drawn from four sources; a credit co-op, an adventure based training organisation, a commercial cleaning organisation, and a Graduate School of Business. As expected, satisfaction with colleague relationships was a significant predictor of affective commitment, while a non-significant trend was observed for satisfaction with manager relationships. Some support was found for the expectation that job satisfaction would be a significant
English at the Onset of the Normative Tradition

WHEN Betsy Sheridan, sister of the playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan, came to London in 1784, one of her friends—as she later reported to her sister Alicia in Dublin—accused her ‘of having some brogue which [her] Father would by no means allow’. The Sheridans came from Ireland and this was, it seems, still evident in the way Betsy spoke. Her father, Thomas Sheridan, had just published a pronouncing dictionary as part of his project to standardize English pronunciation and Betsy’s elocution had already been a matter of concern (and no little parental endeavour). Sheridan was, however, by no means alone in his interests in reforming language. In contrast to the ‘babel’ of varieties which, as the previous chapter has explored, was in many ways seen as typical of the seventeenth century, it was the desire for a standard language, in national as well as individual terms, which was to be one of the most prominent issues of the century which followed. The beginnings of this development can already be found within the variety of discourses which typiWed the seventeenth century. Chapter 8 has mentioned the Royal Society which had been founded in the early 1660s, and which ‘served as coordinator and clearing house for English scientiWc endeavours’. From its very
A Blueprint for Movement: Functional and Anatomical Representations in the Human Motor System

Despite a clear somatotopic organization of the motor cortex, a movement can be learned with one extremity and performed with another. This suggests that there exists a limb-independent coding for movements. To dissociate brain regions coding for movement parameters from those relevant to the chosen effector, subjects wrote their signature with their dominant index finger and ipsilateral big toe, and we determined those areas activated by both conditions using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results show that movement parameters for this highly trained movement are stored in secondary sensorimotor cortices of the extremity with which it is usually performed, i.e., the dominant hand, including dorsal and ventral lateral premotor cortices. These areas can be accessed by the foot and are therefore functionally independent from the primary representation of the effector. Thus, somatotopy in secondary structures in the human motor system seems to be defined functionally, and not on the basis of anatomical representations.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTING SATISFACTION AND PARENTING STYLES OF WORKING MOTHERS IN A UNIVERSITY IN MALAYSIA

The trend of working mothers is not uncommon anymore, starting from a desire to improve the economic status of the families to the desire for self-actualization, combined with the increasing number of women with higher education. Malaysian women comprise 50% of the work force, and 70% of them are married working women (Sabil & Marican, 2010). Mother and child interaction is very important for the development of the child. Each of the working mothersâ€™ parenting style chosen must be appropriate for their children, in accordance with the dual responsibilities or roles that she is juggling with. A working mother who is not able to guide and give full attention to their children might have a negative impact on the childâ€™s developmental outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to look at the relationship between parenting satisfaction and parenting style of working mothers. This study was conducted with 62 working mothers in Sultan Idris Education University who work for an average of 15-32 hours per week. They were 22-40 years old with children under 15 years old. These mothers completed the Parenting Satisfaction Scale (PSS) as a measure of parenting satisfaction and the Parenting Style Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) to measure their parenting styles. The results of this study indicated that the working mothers tended to adopt the authoritative parenting style in their parenting practice, and the majority reported moderate level of parenting satisfaction. The results also showed there were differential relationships between parenting style and parenting satisfaction in the working mothers.
Child sex tourism: American perceptions of foreign victims

ABSTRACT Child sex tourism is a multi-billion dollar industry that affects over 2 million children per year. While thousands of these sex tourists are American, this has been an issue that is largely neglected in the United States (U.S.). This study investigated Americans’ perceptions of child sex abuse and its relationship to the offense location and the victim’s culture. An online self-report survey randomly assigned subjects to one of three identical vignettes of child sex tourism, differing only by location: U.S., Netherlands, or Thailand. The study found that individuals perceived sexual offenses committed inside the U.S. as more severe than offenses committed outside the U.S. and that sexual crimes were viewed as less severe when occurring in an Eastern “Other” culture as compared to Western cultures. These results are discussed as they pertain to legislative efforts designed to reduce the prevalence of American child sex tourists as well as the creation of measures to increase awareness of Americans’ involvement in the child sex tourism industry.
The Role of Thrombophilia in Pregnancy

Thrombotic disease is a major cause of peripartum morbidity and mortality worldwide. Development of thrombosis in pregnancy is multifactorial due to the physiologic changes of pregnancy—which induce a relative hypercoagulable state—as well as physical changes leading to increased stasis and also the effects of both the inherited and the acquired thrombophilias. In this review, we discuss the impact of each of these factors on the development of thrombosis as well as the evidence for the impact of pregnancy-associated thrombosis on pregnancy outcome. We then discuss the use of both prophylactic and therapeutic anticoagulation during pregnancy and the puerperium. We review the indications and dosing recommendations for administration of anticoagulation in a context of discussing the evidence including the lack of evidence and formal guidelines in this area. We briefly address the role of the new oral anticoagulants in pregnancy and conclude that significant further research in women with thrombophilias and pregnancy-associated thrombosis may help clarify the management of this condition in the future.