Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Disordered Couple

JON CARLSON, Psy.D. , ED.D. AND LEN SPE.RRY, M.D., PH.D., EDS.: The Disordered Couple. Brunner/Mazel, New York, 1998, 342 pp., $38.95, ISBN 0-87630815-9. The original contribution of this book is that it focuses on couples where one or both partners has a diagnosable Axis 1 or Axis 2 DSM IV disorder. The sixteen chapters in this book mostly follow a standard format. They begin with a theoretical background reminding us of the diagnostic criteria for the condition(s) being discussed in the chapter. Then, there is a review of the psychological factors that may have brought these two people together, the marriages they make, and the problems that emerge. An approach to treatment is presented, and most chapters conclude with a case illustration. In situations where one partner has a prominent Axis 1 disorder, even though both partners are seen as a couple, the emphasis seems to be on helping and supporting that person who is usually clearly identified as "the patient. " But where one or both partners have an Axis 2 personality disorder, there is less emphasis on the diagnosis of one or both individuals. Instead, more prominence is given to the personality characteristics and deficiencies that led to them becoming a couple in the first place, understanding how their problems arose during the marriage, and helping repair some of the deficiencies so that life can become more livable for them. The quality of the chapters varies considerably. In "Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia," Carter and Schultz offer a cognitivebehavioral (CBT) approach that appears very superficial and never seems to get to grips with the real issues. They tell us about a young man who first experienced a major anxiety attack while smoking marijuana, just after finding out that his parents had separated. Although the history indicates a recurrent theme of anxiety attacks that occur at times of incidents that resemble a maternal abandonment, the authors appear to have made no effort to help the patient make that important connection. Freeman and Oster outline a more detailed CBT treatment in their chapter on relationships. Though there are a number of useful clinical insights, there are also some techniques that may be unhelpful, manipulative, or demeaning. In an unusual chapter, Dimitroff and Hoekstra remind therapists that the religious values and practices of patients must be respected. But they make a statement at the end of their chapter that may stir up again those concerns that had been voiced in the past about therapists imposing their own religious or antireligious ideologies on their patients. Harman, Waldo and Johnson emphasize that in helping couples with sexual problems communication appears to be the key element. It is surprising that 30 years after Kohut the self-psychologists still seem to have the need to explain the whole theoretical basis of self-psychology. …
Neuromotor mechanisms in human communication

Introduction 1. Asymmetry 2. Noncortical systems in speaking 3. Cortical systems in speaking 4. Oral movement control and speech 5. Manual praxis 6. Constructional ability 7. Manual sign language 8. Adextrality 9. Sex differences in brain organization 10. Hemispheric specialization for semantic processing Conclusion References Index
Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia

Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative damage exists in schizophrenia. Available literature about possible mechanisms of oxidative stress induction was reviewed. Furthermore, possibilities of measuring biomarkers of schizophrenia outside the central nervous system compartment, their specificity for different types of schizophrenia and potential therapeutic strategies to prevent oxidative injuries in schizophrenia were discussed. Data were extracted from published literature found in Medline, Embase, Biosis, Cochrane and Web of Science, together with hand search of references. Search terms were: schizophrenia, oxidative stress, antipsychotics, antioxidants and fatty acids. Finding a sensitive, specific and non invasive biomarker of schizophrenia, which could be measured in peripheral tissue, still stays an important task. Antioxidant enzymes, markers of lipid peroxidation, oxidatively modified proteins and DNA are most commonly used. As it considers the supplemental therapy, according to our meta-analysis vitamin E could potentially improve tardive dyskinesia, while for the effect of therapy with polyunsaturated fatty acids there is no clear evidence. Oxidative stress is a part of the pathology in schizophrenia and appears as a promising field to develop new therapeutic strategies. There is a need for well designed, placebo controlled trials with supplementation therapy in schizophrenia.
Haematological changes after switching from stavudine to zidovudine in HIV‐infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy

In resource‐limited countries, stavudine (d4T) is commonly used as part of the initial highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen. Many patients who subsequently develop lipodystrophy switch from d4T to zidovudine (ZDV), a drug that can be myelotoxic. We aimed to study the spectrum and severity of haematological changes following this substitution.
Introduction to International Political Economy: An Intellectual History

The field of international political economy gained prominence in the early 1970s--when the Arab oil embargo and other crises ended the postwar era of virtually unhindered economic growth in the United States and Europe--and today is an essential part of both political science and economics. This book offers the first comprehensive examination of this important field's development, the contrasting worldviews of its American and British schools, and the different ways scholars have sought to meet the challenges posed by an ever more complex and interdependent world economy. Benjamin Cohen explains the critical role played by the early "intellectual entrepreneurs," a generation of pioneering scholars determined to bridge the gap between international economics and international politics. Among them were brilliant thinkers like Robert Keohane, Susan Strange, and others whose legacies endure to the present day. Cohen shows how their personalities and the historical contexts in which they worked influenced how the field evolved. He examines the distinctly different insights of the American and British schools and addresses issues that have been central to the field's development, including systemic transformation, system governance, and the place of the sovereign state in formal analysis. The definitive intellectual history of international political economy, this book is the ideal volume for IPE scholars and those interested in learning more about the field.
Silybin-Mediated Inhibition of Notch Signaling Exerts Antitumor Activity in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health burden that is associated with limited treatment options and poor patient prognoses. Silybin (SIL), an antioxidant derived from the milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum), has been reported to exert hepatoprotective and antitumorigenic effects both in vitro and in vivo. While SIL has been shown to have potent antitumor activity against various types of cancer, including HCC, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of SIL remain largely unknown. The Notch signaling pathway plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis and immune development. In the present study, we assessed the antitumor activity of SIL in human HCC HepG2 cells in vitro and in vivo and explored the roles of the Notch pathway and of the apoptosis-related signaling pathway on the activity of SIL. SIL treatment resulted in a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of HCC cell viability. Additionally, SIL exhibited strong antitumor activity, as evidenced not only by reductions in tumor cell adhesion, migration, intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) but also by increases in the apoptotic index, caspase3 activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, SIL treatment decreased the expression of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), RBP-Jκ, and Hes1 proteins, upregulated the apoptosis pathway-related protein Bax, and downregulated Bcl2, survivin, and cyclin D1. Notch1 siRNA (in vitro) or DAPT (a known Notch1 inhibitor, in vivo) further enhanced the antitumor activity of SIL, and recombinant Jagged1 protein (a known Notch ligand in vitro) attenuated the antitumor activity of SIL. Taken together, these data indicate that SIL is a potent inhibitor of HCC cell growth that targets the Notch signaling pathway and suggest that the inhibition of Notch signaling may be a novel therapeutic intervention for HCC.
Affect in Psychoanalysis: A Clinical Synthesis

Drawing on the writings of Freud, Fairbairn, Klein, Sullivan, and Winnicott, Spezzano offers a radical redefinition of the analytic process as the intersubjective elaboration and regulation of affect. The plight of analytic patients, he holds, is imprisonment within crude fantasy elaborations of developmentally significant feeling states. Analytic treatment fosters the patient's capacity to keep alive in consciousness, and hence reflect on, these previously warded-off affective states; it thereby provides a second chance to achieve competence in using feeling states to understand the self within its relational landscape.
Design of 1-D variable fractional delay all-pass filters using stability controlling

In this paper, a two-stage approach for the design of general 1-D stable variable fractional delay all-pass filters is proposed. The method takes the desired group delay range [N-1, N], where N is the filter order. The design algorithm is decomposed into two design stages: Firstly, a set of fixed delay all-pass filters are designed by minimizing a set of objective functions defined in terms of the approximating error criterion and the filter stability constraint. Then, the design result is determined by fitting each of the fixed delay all-pass filter coefficients as 1-D polynomials. A design example together with its comparisons with those of the recent literatures is given to justify the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
Modifiable risk factors for non-adherence to immunosuppressants in renal transplant recipients: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND Non-adherence to immunosuppressants is a major cause of renal transplant failure. Interventions to improve adherence need to target modifiable risk factors. METHODS Adherence was measured using the 'gold standard' measure of electronic monitoring in 58 adult renal transplant recipients from a UK transplant unit. Subjects were identified from a stratified random sample of 153 recipients recruited to a larger cross-sectional study comparing different measures of adherence. Inclusion criteria included age over 18 years and a functioning renal transplant, transplanted 6-63 months previously. Exclusion criteria included residence outside the region served by the unit and inability to give informed consent. Health beliefs, depression and functional status were measured using standardized questionnaires (Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, Illness Perception Questionnaire, Revised Clinical Interview Schedule and SF-36) and semi-structured interview. Transplant and demographic details were collected from the notes. RESULTS Seven [12%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4-20%] subjects missed at least 20% of days medication and 15 (26%, 15-37%) missed at least 10% of days. Lower belief in the need for medication and having a transplant from a live donor were the major factors associated with non-adherence. Depression was common, although not strongly associated with non-adherence. CONCLUSIONS Beliefs about medication are a promising target for interventions designed to improve adherence. The lower adherence in recipients of transplants from live donors needs confirming but may be clinically important in light of the drive to increase live donation.
Psychoanalysis, Attachment, and Spirituality Part I: The Emergence of Two Relational Traditions

Two broad relational traditions emerged in post-Freudian psychoanalysis: a broad group of relational theories, represented by Fairbairn's (1952) object relations theory, that remained within the field of psychoanalysis, and John Bowlby's attachment theory, that split off from psychoanalysis. Both of these traditions emerged simultaneously, predominantly in the 1940s, and developed in parallel in virtual isolation from each other. In this article, the first of a two-part series in this special issue, I outline the emergence of these two traditions, how each has been applied to the psychology of religion and spirituality, and their implications for “minding” our clients' spirituality (Sorenson, 2004). In the second article of the two-part series, I discuss the common relational metapsychology underlying these converging traditions–-a theory of implicit relational meaning–-and its implications for “minding” the spiritual stories by which our clients live.
Distributed algorithms for control of demand response and distributed energy resources

This paper proposes distributed algorithms for control and coordination of loads and distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution networks. These algorithms are relevant for load curtailment control in demand response programs, and also for coordination of DERs for provision of ancillary services. Both the distributed load-curtailment and DER coordination problems can be cast as distributed resource allocation problems with constraints on resource capacity. We focus on linear iterative algorithms in which each resource j maintains a set of values that is updated to be a weighted linear combination of the resource's own previous set of values and the previous sets of values of its neighboring resources. This set of values can be used by each node to determine its own contribution to load curtailment or to resource request.
Acute Effects of Light on Alternative Splicing in Light‐Grown Plants

Light modulates plant growth and development to a great extent by regulating gene expression programs. Here, we evaluated the effect of light on alternative splicing (AS) in light‐grown Arabidopsis thaliana plants using high‐throughput RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq). We found that an acute light pulse given in the middle of the night, a treatment that simulates photoperiod lengthening, affected AS events corresponding to 382 genes. Some of these AS events were associated with genes involved in primary metabolism and stress responses, which may help to adjust metabolic and physiological responses to seasonal changes. We also found that several core clock genes showed changes in AS in response to the light treatment, suggesting that light regulation of AS may play a role in clock entrainment. Finally, we found that many light‐regulated AS events were associated with genes encoding RNA processing proteins and splicing factors, supporting the idea that light regulates this posttranscriptional regulatory layer through AS regulation of splicing factors. Interestingly, the effect of a red‐light pulse on AS of a gene encoding a splicing factor was not impaired in a quintuple phytochrome mutant, providing unequivocal evidence that nonphotosensory photoreceptors control AS in light‐grown plants.
Nonlinear evolution of dark matter and dark energy in the Chaplygin-gas cosmology

The hypothesis that dark matter and dark energy are unified through the Chaplygin gas, an exotic fluid obeying p = −A/ρ, is re-examined. Using generalizations of the spherical model which incorporate effects of the acoustic horizon we show that an initially perturbative Chaplygin gas evolves into a mixed system containing cold dark matter-like gravitational condensate.
Trends in gastric cancer sex ratio in the United States

Recent reports have suggested that the male/female ratio for gastric cancer has decreased over time and that the mean age of cases has increased. The authors calculated age‐ and sex‐specific mortality rates for gastric cancer from 1950 through 1979 for whites using data from US Vital Statistics and population estimates from the US Census Bureau. Whereas sex ratios based on crude mortality rates showed a decrease over time from 1.7 in 1950 to 1.5 in 1979, similar ratios based on age‐adjusted mortality rates showed an increase from 1.8 to 2.1. An increase in mean age at death over time was consistent with the increase in age of the population. The authors conclude that factors responsible for the decrease in gastric cancer mortality in the United States appear to have affected males and females equally. The overall data do not support the emergence of a new form of gastric cancer with a sex ratio or age pattern different from that found in the past. Cancer 59:1032‐1035, 1987.
Therapeutic efficacy of right prefrontal slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression: a double-blind controlled study.

BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a noninvasive technique for stimulation of the brain, has recently been suggested to be effective for the treatment of major depression. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of slow repetitive TMS (rTMS) in patients with major depression. METHODS Seventy patients with major depression (53 women, 17 men; mean age, 58.7 years; SD, 17.2 years) were randomly assigned to receive rTMS or sham rTMS in a double-blind design. Treatment was administered in 10 daily sessions during a 2-week period. Severity of depression was blindly assessed before, during, and after completion of the treatment protocol. RESULTS All patients completed the first week of treatment and 67 completed the entire protocol. Patients who received rTMS had a significantly greater improvement in depression scores compared with those who received sham treatment. At the end of 2 weeks, 17 of 35 patients in the rTMS group, but only 8 of 32 in the sham-treated group, had an improvement of greater than 50% in their depression ratings. CONCLUSIONS This controlled study provides evidence for the short-term efficacy of slow rTMS in patients with recurrent major depression. Additional studies will be necessary to assess the efficacy of rTMS as compared with electroconvulsive therapy as well as the long-term outcome of this treatment in major depression and possibly other psychiatric disorders.
PARÂMETROS ANTROPOMÉTRICOS E FISIOLÓGICOS DE ATLETAS PROFISSIONAIS DE FUTEBOL

This study aimed to demonstrate the relationship of anthropometric, physiologic, cardiovascular and neuromuscular parameters in soccer players. 24 professional male athletes were recruited (24.04 ± 5.16 years-old) from a soccer club of the City of Curitiba, which were submitted to body composition, treadmill maximal effort, anaerobic threshold and the Yo-yo intermittent Recovery 2” assessments. The main results were: VO 2Max : 62.66 ± 2.64 ml/kg/min; speed at the anaerobic threshold: 13.82 ± 0.87 km/h; distance in the Yo-yo test: 1251.67 ± 340.74 m. The main correlations observed were: total distance in the Yo-yo test and the anaerobic threshold was r=0.40 and with the maximal speed in the treadmill r= 0.43. These results indicated that the anaerobic capacity determined by the anaerobic threshold speed may be related with the capacity of the participants to recover after intermittent efforts. It was observed that all variables showed mean values comparable to those reposted in the literature of professional soccer players.
Quantifying selection in immune receptor repertoires

Significance The immune system defends against pathogens through a diverse population of T cells that display different antigen recognition surface receptor proteins. Receptor diversity is produced by an initial random gene recombination process followed by selection for a desirable range of peptide binding. Although recombination is well-understood, selection has not been quantitatively characterized. By combining high-throughput sequencing data with modeling, we quantify the selection pressure that shapes functional repertoires. Selection is found to vary little between individuals or between naive and memory repertoires. It reinforces the biases of the recombination process, meaning that sequences more likely to be produced are also more likely to pass selection. The model accounts for public sequences shared between individuals as resulting from pure chance. The efficient recognition of pathogens by the adaptive immune system relies on the diversity of receptors displayed at the surface of immune cells. T-cell receptor diversity results from an initial random DNA editing process, called VDJ recombination, followed by functional selection of cells according to the interaction of their surface receptors with self and foreign antigenic peptides. Using high-throughput sequence data from the β-chain of human T-cell receptors, we infer factors that quantify the overall effect of selection on the elements of receptor sequence composition: the V and J gene choice and the length and amino acid composition of the variable region. We find a significant correlation between biases induced by VDJ recombination and our inferred selection factors together with a reduction of diversity during selection. Both effects suggest that natural selection acting on the recombination process has anticipated the selection pressures experienced during somatic evolution. The inferred selection factors differ little between donors or between naive and memory repertoires. The number of sequences shared between donors is well-predicted by our model, indicating a stochastic origin of such public sequences. Our approach is based on a probabilistic maximum likelihood method, which is necessary to disentangle the effects of selection from biases inherent in the recombination process.
A Preliminary Roadmap for Empirical Research on Agile Software Development

Some claim that especially in the field of agile software development the research lags years behind of the practice. In this paper, we characterize the status and main challenges for research on agile software development, and propose a preliminary roadmap, focusing on providing more empirical research, primarily on experienced agile teams and organizations, connecting better to existing streams of research in more established fields, giving more attention to management-oriented approaches, and finally give more emphasis to the core ideas in agile software development in order to increase our understanding. We hope that this preliminary roadmap serves as a starting point for creating a common research agenda and enables the generation of fruitful discussions and research results from the field.