Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tenure, firm's performance, and CEO's compensation

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to assess the association between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) tenure, compensation, and firm's performance. Design/methodology/approach - The paper compares the influence firms' performance on CEOs' cash and total compensation based on the length of tenure. It also examines pay–performance relationship for new CEOs vs those serving their last year in such positions. Findings - The firm size appears to be a significant explanatory variable for CEOs' cash and total compensation regardless of CEOs tenure and measure of performance. Additionally, firms' performance is a significant determinant of cash compensation for CEOs during the first three years of their work as CEOs and not significant for those with 15 years or more as the company's CEO. Both market-based and accounting-based performance measures are negatively correlated with CEOs' total compensation regardless of length of experience. Research limitations/implications - This study did not differentiate routine CEO changes, i.e. normal retirement, from the non-routine ones. Additionally, the results may be limited by the temporal nature of the sample. Future studies dealing with CEO turnover should cover a longer period of CEO' tenure and examine the nature of CEO's dismissal. Such a research design may provide additional insight to the CEO compensation and influence of performance measures in executive contracts. Originality/value - This research offers some evidence in support of CEO incentives relative to the length of service as the firm's CEO. The findings indicate differences in pay–performance sensitivities on the basis of CEO's tenure. Comparing the pay–performance relationship for individuals serving their first year and those serving their last year as the firm's CEOs, the paper detects statistically significant differences in influence of performance on cash compensation.
Uncoupling of vaginal opening and the first ovulation--an indication of an alteration in the pituitary-gonadal axis.

The onset of puberty in the female rat has been defined as vaginal opening and/or the first ovulation. The present study examines the effects of types of caging upon the events of puberty and the cycle. ARS Sprague Dawley rats were received at 18 days of age and housed in either plastic translucent cages with filter tops or metal cages and exposed to 14L:1OD. Plasticcaged animals exhibited vaginal opening earlier (33.9 ± 0.5 days) than metal caged animals (36.6 * 0.6), but the first vaginal estrus occurred at similar ages. Thus, the two events were coincident in 12 of 16 metal caged animals but only 8 of 20 plastic. Rats completed one full vaginal cycle and were autopsied at the second metestrus. Ovarian histology revealed two sets ofcorporaand a recent set of ova. Metal caged animals had 7.9 ± 0.3 ova per ovary while plastic caged had 5.8 ± 0.5. The decrease can be accounted for by a decrease inthe total number of follicles matured and by the occurrence of 1.3 ± 0.5 ova trapped in stimulated or partially luteinized follicles. Serum hormone measurements revealed higher estrogen and lower progesterone, LH and FSH in the plastic caged animals. Thus, the uncoupling of the events of puberty may be an indication of an alteration in the pituitary-gonads! axis which continues through the second cycle.
Histopathologic Diagnosis of Lymphomatous Versus Inflammatory Erythroderma: A Morphologic and Phenotypic Study on 47 Skin Biopsies

Erythroderma may be secondary to a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and various other erythrodermic inflammatory dermatoses (EID), and their histopathologic distinction is often difficult. The aim of this study was to determine if morphological parameters, namely: the presence of b-catenin, and JunB (previously shown to be expressed by CTCL cells), the epidermal CD8:CD3 ratio, and CD30 expression may help in the histopathologic diagnosis of erythroderma, especially in differentiating CTCL and EID. We retrospectively reviewed a series of 47 skin biopsies from patients with erythroderma (18 CTCL and 29 EID). The diagnosis of each case was established using clinical, biological and histopathologic data. After a blind assessment of the hematoxylin--eosin--safran stained slides, a correct diagnosis of the underlying cause of erythroderma was made only in 31% of cases. A correct differential diagnosis between lymphoma and EID was done with certainty in 57% of cases. Various morphologic and phenotypic parameters were then recorded and we compared their frequency in the CTCL versus the EID group. With the exception of atypical lymphocytes, the moderate to high density of dermal infiltrates and Pautrier microabcesses, only found in CTCL, no morphologic parameter was found to be specific of CTCL, although single lymphocytes epidermotropism, telangiectasias, and slight lymphocytic dermal infiltrate were significantly more frequent in EID. A low (<10%) CD8:CD3 ratio in the epidermal lymphocytic infiltrate and dermal CD30+ lymphocytes were significantly more frequent in CTCL. JunB expression by lymphocytes was specific of CTCL, but was inconstant in our series (17%). We found β-catenin expression in a minority of cases from both the CTCL and EID groups. Among EID, dermal suprapapillary thinning was specific of psoriasis. Neutrophils exocytosis and edema of papillary dermis were significantly more frequent in psoriasis, and spongiosis was more frequent in eczema. In conclusion, few morphological and phenotypical parameters are helpful in making a differential diagnosis between erythrodermic CTCL and EID using paraffin embedded skin biopsies.
Beliefs and Intentions to Undergo Lung Cancer Screening among Korean Males

Purpose Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been reported as an effective screening method for lung cancer in high-risk populations. We aimed to examine willingness to be screened among Korean males using LDCT and to determine factors associated with lung cancer screening intentions (LCS) based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Materials and Methods Data were obtained from the 2015 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, a cross-sectional survey that utilized nationally representative random sampling. The survey included 1,730 male participants 40-74-year-old. Respondents were questioned regarding their willingness to undergo LCS and components of HBM. Factors associated with intentions to undergo screening were explored using logistic regression. Results Among participants, 65.2% were current smokers. Among high-risk subjects, 60.6% of men reported intentions to undergo LCS, compared to 49.9% of average-risk males. Men with higher perceived susceptibility in the average- and high-risk groups were, respectively, 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39 to 1.91) and 2.30 (95% CI, 1.14 to 4.63) times more likely to intend to undergo LCS compared to those with lower perceived barriers. Also, men in the average- and high-risk groups with higher perceived barriers to screening were, respectively, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.91) and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.29 to 0.92) times less likely to intend to undergo LCS compared to those with lower perceived barriers. Conclusion Tailored interventions designed to promote accurate perceptions of susceptibility and risk, as well as to reduce perceived barriers to screening, may effectively increase adherence to recommendations for LCS among high-risk Korean men.
Cancer Biology and Signal Transduction Prostate Cancer Cell Response to Paclitaxel Is Affected by Abnormally Expressed Securin PTTG 1

PTTG1 protein, the human securin, has a central role in sister chromatid separation during mitosis, and its altered expression has been reported inmany tumor types. Paclitaxel is awidely used chemotherapeutic drug, whosemechanism of action is related to its ability to arrest cells in mitosis and the subsequent induction of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. By using two prostate cancer cell lines with different responses to paclitaxel treatment, we have identified two situations in which PTTG1 influences cell fate differentially. In slippageprone PC3 cells, both PTTG1 downregulation and overexpression induce an increase in mitotic cells that is associated with diminished apoptosis after paclitaxel treatment. In LNCaP cells, however, PTTG1 downregulation preventsmitotic entry and, subsequently, inhibitsmitosis-associated, paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. In contrast, PTTG1 overexpression induces an increase inmitotic cells and apoptosis after paclitaxel treatment. We have also identified a role for Mcl-1 protein in preventing apoptosis during mitosis in PC3 cells, as simultaneous PTTG1 andMcl-1 silencing enhancesmitosis-associated apoptosis after paclitaxel treatment. The finding that a more efficient mitotic arrest alone in PC3 cells is not enough to increase apoptosis was also confirmed with the observation that a selected paclitaxel-resistant PC3 cell line showed an apoptosis-resistant phenotype associated with increased mitosis upon paclitaxel treatment. These findings could contribute to identify putative responsive and nonresponsive cells and help us to approach incomplete responses to paclitaxel in the clinical setting. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(10); 2372–83. 2014 AACR.
Lectures on public economics

This classic introduction to public finance remains the best advanced-level textbook on the subject ever written. First published in 1980, Lectures on Public Economics still tops reading lists at many leading universities despite the fact that the book has been out of print for years. This new edition makes it readily available again to a new generation of students and practitioners in public economics. The lectures presented here examine the behavioral responses of households and firms to tax changes. Topics include the effects of taxation on labor supply, savings, risk-taking, the firm, debt, and economic growth. The book then delves into normative questions such as the design of tax systems, optimal taxation, public sector pricing, and public goods, including local public goods. Written by two of the world's preeminent economists, this edition of Lectures on Public Economics features a new introduction by Anthony Atkinson and Joseph Stiglitz that discusses the latest developments in the field and areas for future research. * The definitive advanced-level textbook on public economics * Examines the effects of taxation on households and firms * Covers tax system design, optimal taxation, public sector pricing, and more * Includes suggestions for further reading * Additional resources available online
Thymoma in patients with MG

Objective: To examine the characteristics of thymoma when associated with MG and to evaluate those conditions that can complicate management and affect survival. Methods: The study includes 207 myasthenic patients who were operated on for thymoma, with at least 1-year follow-up from surgery. MG severity and response to treatment, the occurrence of paraneoplastic diseases and extrathymic malignancies, thymoma histologic types and stages, adjuvant therapy, tumor recurrences, and causes of death were recorded. Results: MG-associated thymoma was predominantly of B type and was invasive in the majority of patients. MG was generally severe, and most patients remained dependent on immunosuppressive therapy. Other paraneoplastic disorders and extrathymic malignancies were found in 9.66 and 11.11% of patients. Thymoma recurrences occurred in 18 of 115 patients with invasive tumors (15.65%) and were often associated with the onset/aggravation of autoimmune diseases. On completion of the study, MG and thymoma accounted for a similar mortality rate. Conclusions: Thymoma should be considered as a potentially malignant tumor requiring prolonged follow-up. The presence of myasthenic weakness can still complicate its management. Thymoma-related deaths are bound to outnumber those due to MG in the future.
The effect of N-acetylcysteine on renal function, nitric oxide, and oxidative stress after angiography.

BACKGROUND Renal failure induced by radiographic contrast agents is a known complication of coronary angiography, especially among patients with chronic renal failure. Recently, treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been shown to have a protective effect but the mechanisms are unknown. We examined the hypothesis that NAC protected against contrast-induced renal impairment through effects on nitric oxide metabolism and oxidative stress. METHODS Patients with a serum creatinine concentration above 10(6) micromol/L undergoing coronary angiography were randomly assigned to receive either NAC 1 g (N= 24) or placebo (N= 29) twice daily 24 hours before and after angiography with 0.45% saline hydration in a double-blind study. Creatinine clearance was calculated and urinary nitric oxide and F2-isoprostane excretion were measured at baseline, 24 and 96 hours after angiography. RESULTS Treatment with NAC significantly improved the effect of contrast media on creatinine clearance, and maximal beneficial effect was observed 24 hours after angiography. Creatinine clearance (mL/min) was 59.5 +/- 4.4, 64.7 +/- 5.8, and 58.7 + 3.9 at baseline, 24, and 96 hours after angiography in the NAC group, respectively, and 65.2 +/- 3.2, 51.5 +/- 3.7, and 53.6 +/- 3.9 in the placebo group, respectively (P < 0.0001). NAC treatment prevented the reduction in urinary nitric oxide after angiography. The urinary nitric oxide/creatinine ratio (micromol/mg) was 0.0058 +/- 0.0004, 0.0057 +/- 0.0004, and 0.0052 +/- 0.0004 at baseline, 24, and 96 hours after angiography in NAC group, respectively, and 0.0057 +/- 0.0007, 0.0031 +/- 0.0005, and 0.0039 +/- 0.0005 in the placebo group, respectively (P= 0.013). NAC had no significant effect on urinary F2-isoprostanes. CONCLUSION NAC treatment has renoprotective effect in patients with mild chronic renal failure undergoing coronary angiography that may be mediated in part by an increase in nitric oxide production.
ROTIFERS AND HUBBELL'S UNIFIED NEUTRAL THEORY OF BIODIVERSITY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY

ABSTRACT. This paper reviews several neutral models as possible mechanisms for simulating and explaining so‐called “hollow curve distributions. ” The models include simple random assignment, MacArthur's broken stick, Preston's lognor‐mal (but as simulated by Sugihara), Fisher's logseries, and Hubbell's unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeog‐raphy. Each model is fitted to data describing the distribution of genera over families in the phylum Rotifera.
Looking Forward and Backward: Modern and Traditional Gender Patterns among Yemenite Immigrant Women in a Moshav

Immigration of Jews from Yemen to Palestine increased during the early twentieth century. The Yemenites came to escape economic and political persecution under Turkish rule (which lasted in Yemen until after World War I) as well as persecution by local Moslems. They were particularly influenced by Jewish emissaries who came to Yemen on behalf of the Zionist Federation (notably Shmuel Yavni'eli in 1911), by religious sentiment, and by news of the Balfour Declaration in 1917.1 The first immigration wave (1881-1904) came from the capital city, Sana' a, and its environs, and the majority of the new arrivals settled in cities, mainly Jerusalem and Jaffa.2 Most of those who came in the second wave (1904-1914), on the other hand, came from rural areas in the north and south of Yemen. They established agricultural communities near the big cities, where they worked as hired farm hands under poor conditions, for low pay.3 After World War I, immigrants continued to arrive and to settle in the towns, especially Tel-Aviv, and in neighborhoods near the old and new agricultural settlements.4 Despite the continuous increase in the number of Yemenite immigrants and their contribution to the establishment of Jewish agricultural settlements in Palestine, the Zionist settlement institutionsthe Jewish Agency and the Jewish National Fund (JNF)made no attempt to establish independent agricultural settlements for them, even when requests were put to them by representatives of the Yemenite community.5 The Jewish leadership did not believe
Career advancement in large organizations in Europe and the United States: do international assignments add value?

We look at the relationship between the number of assignments, the length of international assignment experience, the type of employer commissioning the international assignment, the individual's career stage at the first assignment, and career advancement: the time that the executives took to be appointed to the CEO position from the start of their career. Our sample of 1001 chief executives, based in 23 countries and affiliated with the 500 largest corporations in Europe and the 500 largest in the United States, allows us to examine important individual- and organization-level contingencies that affect the relationship between international assignment experience and career advancement. We find that international experience slows the executives' ascent to the top, longer assignments and a larger number of assignments being detrimental to their speed of ascent to top corporate positions. Further, international assignments at corporations other than the CEOs' current employer and assignments taken at later stages of executives' careers damage career advancement.
Creating strategies from tows matrix for strategic sustainable development of Kipaş Group

The aim of this study is to develop new strategies for sustainable development of a group and to establish a holding from several companies by considering the regulations in the World Trade, recent developments in textile sector and raising conflicts among stakeholders. In this study, internal analysis of the group was carried out with interviews, observations and surveys. To prepare external analysis, the economical situation of Turkey and the World was researched and categorized under standard PEST (Political -- Economic -- Sociocultural -- Technological) categories. Later, SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of the group was prepared and most significant factors were chosen. Important problems were identified and the purposes and objectives of the firm were determined by focusing on opportunities. In the light of these factors, TOWS (Threats, Opportunities, Weaknesses, and Strengths) matrix was prepared to combine external and internal factors of the enterprise in order to deploy strategies. A new organization structure of the group was determined and presented based on these strategies.
The effects of the recommended dose of creatine monohydrate on kidney function

We report a case of a heretofore healthy 18-year-old man who presented with a 2-day history of nausea, vomiting and stomach ache while taking creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding purposes. The patient had acute renal failure, and a renal biopsy was performed to determine the cause of increased creatinine and proteinuria. The biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis. In the literature, creatine monohydrate supplementation and acute tubular necrosis coexistence had not been reported previously. Twenty-five days after stopping the creatine supplements, the patient recovered fully. Even recommended doses of creatine monohydrate supplementation may cause kidney damage; therefore, anybody using this supplement should be warned about this possible side effect, and their renal functions should be monitored regularly.
The Impact of Company Responses to Exchange Queries on the Australian Equity Market

This study examines the impact of company responses to trading‐induced queries made by the Australian Securities Exchange over the period January 2007–December 2008, inclusive. We utilise event study methodology and a matched sample approach to assess the impact of trading query announcements. We use multivariate analysis to investigate any cross‐sectional determinants affecting abnormal returns and volume, and find significant positive shareholder wealth and volume effects associated with query announcements. Further, the unexplained abnormal returns observed prior to the announcement of the trading query persist post‐announcement. Subsequent analysis reveals the industry effect reported in the literature loses significance after accounting for sample selection bias.
Caveolin‐1 is essential for metformin inhibitory effect on IGF1 action in non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells

Metformin causes an AMP/ATP ratio increase and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Since caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) plays a role in AMPK activation and energy balance, we investigated whether Cav‐1 could participate in metformin's inhibitory effect on IGF1 signaling. The effect of metformin was studied in two non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, Calu‐1 and Calu‐6, expressing higher and lower amounts of Cav‐1, respectively. In Calu‐1, but not in Calu‐6 cells, metformin reduced phosphorylation of type 1 insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGF‐IR) substrates Akt and Forkhead transcription factor 3a (FOXO3a), inhibited IGF1‐dependent FOXO3a nuclear exit, and decreased IGF1‐dependent cell proliferation. Here, we show that sensitivity of NSCLC cells to metformin was dependent on Cav‐1 expression and that metformin required Cav‐1 to induce AMPK phosphorylation and AMP/ATP ratio increase. Cav‐1 silencing in Calu‐1 and overexpression in Calu‐6 reduced and improved, respectively, the inhibitory effect of metformin on IGF1‐dependent Akt phosphorylation. Prolonged metformin treatment in Calu‐6 cells induced a dose‐dependent expression increase of Cav‐1 and OCT1, a metformin transporter. Cav‐1 and OCT1 expression was associated with the antiproliferative effect of metformin in Calu‐6 cells (IC50=18 mM). In summary, these data suggest that Cav‐1 is required for metformin action in NSCLC cells. —Salani, B. , Maffioli, S. , Hamoudane, M. , Parodi, A. , Ravera, S. , Passalacqua, M. , Alama, A. , Nhiri, M. , Cordera, R. , Maggi, D. Caveolin‐1 is essential for metformin inhibitory effect on IGF1 action in non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells. FASEB J. 26, 788–798 (2012). www.fasebj. org
Evidence for Anticipatory Motor Control within a Cerebello-Diencephalic-Parietal Network

The posterior parietal cortex and the cerebellum are assumed to contribute to anticipatory motor control. Thus, it is reasonable that these areas act as a functional unit. To identify a neural signature of anticipatory motor control, 11 healthy volunteers performed a bimanual finger-tapping task with respect to isochronous (i.e., regular) and randomized (i.e., irregular) auditory pacing. Neuromagnetic activity was recorded using a 122-channel whole-head neuromagnetometer. Functional interaction between spatially distributed brain areas was determined by measures of tap-related phase synchronization. Assuming that (i) the cerebellum predicts sensory events by an internal model and (ii) the PPC maintains this prediction, we hypothesized that functional interaction between both structures varies depending on the predictability of the pacing signal. During isochronous pacing, functional connectivity within a cerebello-diencephalic-parietal network before tap onset was evident, suggesting anticipatory motor control. During randomized pacing, however, functional connectivity after tap onset was increased within a parietal-cerebellar loop, suggesting mismatch detection and update of the internal model. Data of the present study imply that anticipatory motor control is implemented in a network-like manner. Our data agree well with the hypothesis that functional connectivity in a cerebello-diencephalic-parietal loop might be crucial for anticipatory motor control, whereas parietal-cerebellar interaction might be critical for feedback processing.