Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role for cheR of Vibrio fischeri in the Vibrio-squid symbiosis.

Upon hatching, the Hawaiian squid Euprymna scolopes is rapidly colonized by its symbiotic partner, the bioluminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri . Vibrio fischeri cells present in the seawater enter the light organ of juvenile squid in a process that requires bacterial motility. In this study, we investigated the role chemotaxis may play in establishing this symbiotic colonization. Previously, we reported that V. fischeri migrates toward numerous attractants, including N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), a component of squid mucus. However, whether or not migration toward an attractant such as squid-derived NANA helps the bacterium to localize toward the light organ is unknown. When tested for the ability to colonize juvenile squid, a V. fischeri chemotaxis mutant defective for the methyltransferase CheR was outcompeted by the wild-type strain in co-inoculation experiments, even when the mutant was present in fourfold excess. Our results suggest that the ability to perform chemotaxis is an advantage during colonization, but not essential.
A Low Phase Noise 10GHz Optoelectronic RF Oscillator Implemented Using CMOS Photonics

A mostly integrated 10.2GHz optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) using Si photonics monolithic integration technology is reported. The OEO is a chip-scale device manufactured using a standard 0.13mum SOI CMOS process, with phase noise of -112dBc/Hz at 10kHz carrier offset and RF power consumption of less than 800mW.
New challenge: Moving network based on mmWave technology for 5G era

Mobile users in vehicular environments, such as trains, buses and other public transportation vehicles, suffer from the low quality of signal from the outside wireless network. The rapid growth in the deployment of LTE femtocells for indoor use and their benefits, have led many authors to propose of using them even in vehicles, implementing the so-called Moving Networks. This paper shows that the use of pure LTE femtocells exhibits relevant issues in terms of interference and, consequently, capacity for a realistic use. In order to overcome these issues our idea is to use millimeter Wave technology as well. In this work, we discuss the concerns arising from applying mmWave communications at 60 GHz inside vehicles and we evaluate if it can be a promising solution for 5G Moving Networks.
in memory

In the past 20 years, a new approach to forgetting has been proposed, based on the notion of inhibition. According to this view forgetting is partly due to a process of inhibitory control. In this chapter, I review the current status of this account, discussing the evidence that has been proposed as well as the counterarguments that have been made. I show that the paradigms that are likely to generate the best evidence for inhibition are the retrieval induced forgetting paradigm and the think / no-think paradigm. Other paradigms such as directed forgetting and part-list cuing seem to be better explained using other memory principles. I conclude that there is a need for a consistent and preferably formalized model that combines inhibition and competition as principal factors in forgetting.
MATTER AND PRESENTATIONAL COHERENCE RELATIONS IN DISCOURSE : A CORPUS STUDY

In this study, we examine how subject matter and presentational coherence relations in Rhetorical Structure Theory (Mann and Thompson 1988) are signalled in written discourse, and whether they differ quantitatively or qualitatively in terms of the signalling devices involved. By signalling we mean textual signals (discourse markers such as although, because and thus, and also signals such as tense, lexical chains or punctuation) that indicate a relation is present. We hypothesize that, because of their different nature, subject matter and presentational relations may be indicated by different signals, or at different frequencies. We conducted a corpus study examining 40 articles, comprising 1,306 relations, from the RST Discourse Treebank (Carlson, Marcu, and Okurowski 2002). We identified the signals for those relations, and added a new layer of annotation to them, to include signalling information. Results from our corpus analysis show that subject matter and presentational relations do not differ quantitatively or qualitatively in terms of signalling. These findings, although negative, point to a number of theoretical possibilities about the validity and accuracy of subject matter and presentational relation classification.
Domesticating the Geopolitical: Rethinking Popular Geopolitics through Play

ABSTRACT In this paper, we take the emergence of the Her Majesty’s Armed Forces toy range in 2009 as a starting point for thinking through the domestication of geopolitics through practices of play. Empirically, the paper draws upon substantive, innovative and original research undertaken with children in their homes, via a series of play ethnographies; conceptually, the paper draws upon the notion of ‘domestication’ and argues that ideas from these literatures might be usefully adopted as a means of reconfiguring popular geopolitics. In so doing, we argue not only that toys, games and play warrant much greater attention as forms of popular geopolitics, but also that the idea of domestication has much to offer wider conceptions and framings around popular geopolitics itself. The paper thus advances claims for a significant reformulation of popular geopolitics as an encounter between texts, objects, bodies and practices. More specifically, the rich ambiguity of the observed practices emerging from our play-centred ethnographic approach speaks clearly to the need to avoid prioritising the public over the private, cultural producers over audience, and the discursive over the affective in our theorisations of domestication. While we should be attentive to the highly orchestrated practices of anticipating domesticity and the multiple sites of geographical production assembled though these practices, we should not ignore the excess inherent within the incomplete, experimental process of domestication.
Animated Pedagogical Agents : The Effect of visual Information on a Historical figure Application

The role of Animated Pedagogical Agents (APAs) depends on an understanding of the persona effect as a mechanism for increasing student engagement and motivation. We argue that historical figure applications of APAs may be helpful to identify the parameters that give rise to a persona effect. Given the importance of visual information, an experimental approach was used to examine how different image conditions would affect perception of a historical figure APA interaction. Eighty-eight participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions; no image, static image, or animated image. Contrary to expectations, the no image condition was associated with significantly higher ratings for 6 of the 12 measures, including 3 measures of social presence. These findings stand in contrast to previous research and suggest that historical figure applications may be unique in their evocation of a persona effect and valuable for understanding the nature of the persona effect.
Attitudes About Perceived Park Safety Among Residents in Low-Income and High Minority Kansas City, Missouri, Neighborhoods

Parks benefit communities by supporting the physical, mental, and social health of their residents. This is especially important in urban areas, where parks provide essential access to green space, and especially among low-income populations who may lack alternative venues for outdoor recreation. However, although urban parks may ostensibly be accessible, their use can be influenced by factors including perceptions and realities of safety. This qualitative study explored the issue of safety as it relates to park use and park-based physical activity from six focus groups with 41 total participants in urban Kansas City, Missouri. As a facilitator to safety, participants described social interactions and structural environment factors. Safety constraints emerged along five main themes: violence, concerning behavior, lack of maintenance, lack of lighting, and traffic/busy roads. This study adds to the literature establishing safety as a complex and multidimensional factor influencing park usage and physical activity.
Capital Controls : Growth versus Stability ∗

This paper provides a unified theoretical framework to analyze the macroeconomic consequences of capital account liberalizations and capital controls, like capital inflow taxes. It identifies two pecuniary externalities that lead to inefficient outcomes in terms of welfare and to financial instability. The first externality undermines the “terms of trade hedge” while the second leads to excessive liquidity mismatch and leverage. Short-term debt flows, i.e. “hot money”, stabilize the economy up to a certain level of global imbalance, but expose the system to sudden stops and financial instability. ∗We thank Mark Aguiar, Oleg Itskhoki and participants at the Princeton Macro faculty lunch. We also thank Zongbo Huang and Yu Zhang for excellent research assistance. †Brunnermeier: Department of Economics, Princeton University, markus@princeton.edu, Sannikov: Department of Economics, Princeton University, sannikov@gmail.com
Ieee Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 1 an Iranian License Plate Recognition System Based on Color Features

—In this paper, an Iranian vehicle license plate recognition system based on a new localization approach, which is modified to reflect the local context, is proposed, along with a hybrid classifier that recognizes license plate characters. The method presented here is based on a modified template-matching technique by the analysis of target color pixels to detect the location of a vehicle's license plate. A modified strip search enables localization of the standard color-geometric template utilized in Iran and several European countries. This approach uses periodic strip search to find the hue of each pixel on demand. In addition, when a group of target pixels is detected, it is analyzed to verify that its shape and aspect ratio match those of the standard license plate. In addition to being scale and rotation invariant, this method avoids time-consuming image algorithms and transformations for the whole image pixels, such as resizing and Hough, Fourier, and wavelet transforms, thereby cutting down the detection response time. License plate characters are recognized by a hybrid classifier that comprises a decision tree and a support vector machine with a homogeneous fifth-degree polynomial kernel. The performance detection rate and the overall system performance achieved are 96% and 94%, respectively.
Citizen science in hydrology and water resources: opportunities for knowledge generation, ecosystem service management, and sustainable development

The participation of the general public in the research design, data collection and interpretation process together with scientists is often referred to as citizen science. While citizen science itself has existed since the start of scientific practice, developments in sensing technology, data processing and visualisation, and communication of ideas and results, are creating a wide range of new opportunities for public participation in scientific research. This paper reviews the state of citizen science in a hydrological context and explores the potential of citizen science to complement more traditional ways of scientific data collection and knowledge generation for hydrological sciences and water resources management. Although hydrological data collection often involves advanced technology, the advent of robust, cheap and low-maintenance sensing equipment provides unprecedented opportunities for data collection in a citizen science context. These data have a significant potential to create new hydrological knowledge, especially in relation to the characterisation of process heterogeneity, remote regions, and human impacts on the water cycle. However, the nature and quality of data collected in citizen science experiments is potentially very different from those of traditional monitoring networks. This poses challenges in terms of their processing, interpretation, and use, especially with regard to assimilation of traditional knowledge, the quantification of uncertainties, and their role in decision support. It also requires care in designing citizen science projects such that the generated data complement optimally other available knowledge. Lastly, we reflect on the challenges and opportunities in the integration of hydrologically-oriented citizen science in water resources management, the role of scientific knowledge in the decision-making process, and the potential contestation to established community institutions posed by co-generation of new knowledge.
Factorization Norms and Hereditary Discrepancy

The $\gamma_2$ norm of a real $m\times n$ matrix $A$ is the minimum number $t$ such that the column vectors of $A$ are contained in a $0$-centered ellipsoid $E\subseteq\mathbb{R}^m$ which in turn is contained in the hypercube $[-t, t]^m$. We prove that this classical quantity approximates the \emph{hereditary discrepancy} $\mathrm{herdisc}\ A$ as follows: $\gamma_2(A) = {O(\log m)}\cdot \mathrm{herdisc}\ A$ and $\mathrm{herdisc}\ A = O(\sqrt{\log m}\,)\cdot\gamma_2(A) $. Since $\gamma_2$ is polynomial-time computable, this gives a polynomial-time approximation algorithm for hereditary discrepancy. Both inequalities are shown to be asymptotically tight. We then demonstrate on several examples the power of the $\gamma_2$ norm as a tool for proving lower and upper bounds in discrepancy theory. Most notably, we prove a new lower bound of $\Omega(\log^{d-1} n)$ for the \emph{$d$-dimensional Tusn\'ady problem}, asking for the combinatorial discrepancy of an $n$-point set in $\mathbb{R}^d$ with respect to axis-parallel boxes. For $d>2$, this improves the previous best lower bound, which was of order approximately $\log^{(d-1)/2}n$, and it comes close to the best known upper bound of $O(\log^{d+1/2}n)$, for which we also obtain a new, very simple proof.
MMP-2, TIMP-2 and CD44v6 expression in non-small-cell lung carcinomas.

INTRODUCTION Factors that emerge as crucial participants in tumour invasion and metastases are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) inhibitors and cellular adhesion molecules (CD44 and similar molecules). They play important roles in tumour invasion and metastasis in non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed using the data of 33 patients. MMP-2 from the metalloproteinase family, TIMP-2 from the metalloproteinase inhibitor family and the adhesion molecule CD44v6 expression were investigated immunohistochemically to search their role in the metastasis and the clinical outcome of the patients with NSCLCs. RESULTS Twenty-three tumours (70%) were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 9 (27%) were adenocarcinoma (AC), and 1 (3%) was large cell carcinoma (LCC). MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were expressed in high rates in NSCLC but CD44v6 expression was about 50%. Lymphatic invasion was less frequent in TIMP-2- positive patients and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.005). There was a statistically significant difference between SCCs and ACs with respect to CD44v6 tumoral expression (P = 0.004). Also, there was a negative correlation between lymphatic invasion and the extent of CD44v6; lymphatic invasion was significantly less in CD44v6-positive cases (P = 0.013). CONCLUSION We found that TIMP-2 and CD44v6 can decrease the lymphatic invasion in NSCLCs. Also there was observed histiotype-related pattern of CD44v6 variant expression in SCCs.
Backward difference formulae: New multipliers and stability properties for parabolic equations

We determine new, more favourable, and in a sense optimal, multipli-ers for the three-and five-step backward difference formula (BDF) methods. We apply the new multipliers to establish stability of these methods as well as of their implicit–explicit counterparts for parabolic equations by energy techniques, under milder conditions than the ones recently imposed in [4, 1].
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE OF PISA 2012 MATHEMATICAL LITERACY TEST

The aim of this study is to investigate the measurement invariance of PISA 2012 mathematical literacy among the OECD member countries, and gender and region groups in Turkey. Among cognitive test booklets implemented in PISA 2012, booklet 8 which was used commonly by all countries was selected for this correlational survey study. The study was conducted using the dataset belonging to 23.311 students that took booklet 8 in the OECD member countries and 377 students that took this booklet in Turkey. Initially, measurement models were verified for all groups by performing a confirmatory factor analysis separately for OECD member countries, gender and region groups. The research then proceeded with the phase of testing the measurement invariance by testing the equivalence of covariance matrices for all groups. The measurement invariance was tested by means of a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. The results revealed that the measurement invariance held true for the gender and region groups in Turkey, but not for the OECD member countries, and that the strong factorial invariance model was the one that worked most successfully among the models of measurement invariance. Article visualizations:
Morphometric fingerprint of asymptomatic Parkin and PINK1 mutation carriers in the basal ganglia

Background: Mutations in the Parkin and PINK1 genes can cause parkinsonism. Since asymptomatic carriers of a single mutant allele of the Parkin or PINK1 gene display a presynaptic dopaminergic dysfunction in the striatum, they provide a unique in vivo model to study structural and functional reorganization in response to latent nigrostriatal dysfunction. We hypothesized that subclinical nigrostriatal neurodegeneration caused by these mutations would induce morphologic changes in the dysfunctional striatal gray matter. Methods: In asymptomatic carriers of a heterozygous Parkin (n = 13) or PINK1 (n = 10) mutation and 23 age-and sex-matched individuals without a mutation, we applied observer independent region-of-interest and voxel-based morphometry to high-resolution structural MRIs. Results: Relative to controls without a mutation, Parkin and PINK1 mutation carriers displayed a bilateral increase in gray matter volume in the putamen and the internal globus pallidus. In 8 of the 13 Parkin mutation carriers, the presynaptic dopaminergic function was studied with 18F-DOPA PET. The metabolic-morphometric regression analysis revealed that the linear decrease in individual presynaptic striatal 18F-DOPA uptake was linked to a reciprocal decrease in the striatal gray matter volume in the putamen bilaterally and in the left caudate nucleus. Conclusions: The alternative causes of the increased striatal gray matter volume may be either due to excessive levels of neuronal activity caused by chronic dopaminergic dysfunction or due to long-term adaptation to chronic nigrostriatal dysfunction actively compensating for the dopaminergic denervation. In any case, the results indicate that a genetically driven regional dysfunction may be imprinted in the structure of the dysfunctional brain region, for example in the striatum.
Phases of QCD: lattice thermodynamics and a field theoretical model

We investigate three-color QCD thermodynamics at finite quark chemical potential. Lattice QCD results are compared with a generalized Nambu Jona-Lasinio model in which quarks couple simultaneously to the chiral condensate and to a background temporal gauge field representing Polyakov loop dynamics. This so-called PNJL model thus includes features of both deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration. The parameters of the Polyakov loop effective potential are fixed in the pure-gauge sector. The chiral condensate and the Polyakov loop as functions of temperature and quark chemical potential are calculated by minimizing the thermodynamic potential of the system. The resulting equation of state, (scaled) pressure difference and quark number density at finite quark chemical potential are then confronted with corresponding Lattice QCD data.
What's in the input? Frequent frames in child-directed speech offer distributional cues to grammatical categories in Spanish and English*

ABSTRACT Recent analyses have revealed that child-directed speech contains distributional regularities that could, in principle, support young children's discovery of distinct grammatical categories (noun, verb, adjective). In particular, a distributional unit known as the frequent frame appears to be especially informative (Mintz, 2003). However, analyses have focused almost exclusively on the distributional information available in English. Because languages differ considerably in how the grammatical forms are marked within utterances, the scarcity of cross-linguistic evidence represents an unfortunate gap. We therefore advance the developmental evidence by analyzing the distributional information available in frequent frames across two languages (Spanish and English), across sentence positions (phrase medial and phrase final), and across grammatical forms (noun, verb, adjective). We selected six parent–child corpora from the CHILDES database (three English; three Spanish), and analyzed the input when children were aged 2 ; 6 or younger. In each language, frequent frames did indeed offer systematic cues to grammatical category assignment. We also identify differences in the accuracy of these frames across languages, sentences positions and grammatical classes.
Antisense to Cyclin Dl Inhibits the Growth and Tumorigenicity of Human Colon Cancer Cells1

Cyclin Dl plays an important role in regulating the progression of cells through the Gi phase of the cell cycle. This gene is frequently overex pressed in human colon cancer. To address the role of cyclin Dl in growth control and tumorigenesis in this disease, we have overexpressed an antisense cyclin Dl cDNA construct in the human colon cancer cell line SW48OES, whichexpresseshigh levelsof cycin Dl. The integrationand expression of the antisense construct was verified by Southern and North ens blot analyses, respectively, and resulted In decreased expression of the cyclin Dl protein. This was associated with decreased levels of the Rb and p27â€@â€ proteins. In addition, the hypophosphorylated form of Rb was increased in these cells. The SW4SOES antisense cydlin Dl cells displayed an increased doubling time, a decrease in saturation density, decreased plating efficiency and anchorage-independent growth, and a loss of tu morigenicity in nude mice. These findings provide direct evidence that increased expression of cydin Dl in colon tumor cells contributes to their abnormal growth and tumorigenicity. The ability to revert the trans formed phenotype of these cells with antisense cydlin Dl suggests that cydlin Dl or its associated cydin-dependent kinase 4 may be useful targets in the therapy of colon cancer.