Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mobility management in wireless sensor networks

Mobility in wireless sensor networks is an element which directly influences the network performance. Indeed, with an architecture based on the IP stack, a mobile node has to maintain connectivity with other sensors, also allowing connectivity to the Internet. Among IPv6 based protocols proposed for mobility management, we find Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) and Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6). In this paper, we present a performance comparison of MIPv6, HMIPv6 and PMIPv6 using an analytical approach. Location update cost and packet delivery cost are formulated based on the random-walk model. The impact of cell residence time and user population is investigated.
Impact of the Polysialyltransferases ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV on Polysialic Acid Synthesis during Postnatal Mouse Brain Development*

Polysialic acid (polySia), a post-translational modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), is the key regulator of NCAM-mediated functions and crucial for normal brain development, postnatal growth, and survival. Two polysialyltransferases, ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV, mediate polySia biosynthesis. To dissect the impact of each enzyme during postnatal brain development, we monitored the developmental changes in NCAM polysialylation in wild-type, ST8SiaII-, and ST8SiaIV-deficient mice using whole brain lysates obtained at 10 time points from postnatal days 1 to 21 and from adult mice. In wild-type and ST8SiaIV-null brain, polySia biosynthesis kept pace with the rapid increase in brain weight until day 9, and nearly all NCAM was polysialylated. Thereafter, polySia dropped by ∼70% within 1 week, accompanied by the first occurrence of polySia-free NCAM-140 and NCAM-180. In ST8SiaII-null brain, polySia declined immediately after birth, leading to 60% less polySia at day 9 combined with the untimely appearance of polySia-free NCAM. Polysialyltransferase deficiency did not alter NCAM expression level or isoform pattern. In all three genotypes, NCAM-140 and NCAM-180 were expressed at constant levels from days 1 to 21 and provided the major polySia acceptors. By contrast, NCAM-120 first appeared at day 5, followed by a strong up-regulation inverse to the decrease in polySia. Together, we provide a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the developmental changes in polySia level, NCAM polysialylation status, and polysialyltransferase transcript levels and show that the predominant role of ST8SiaII during postnatal brain development is restricted to the first 15 days.
A citric acid solution is an optimal test drink in the 13C-urea breath test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.

BACKGROUND: The 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) is a simple, non-invasive and reliable test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. The duration of the test, the timing of breath sampling, and the accuracy of the method vary according to the test meal used. AIM: To identify the optimal test meal or drink for rapid and accurate performance of the 13C-UBT for the detection of H pylori infection. PATIENTS: Eighty patients with dyspeptic symptoms were included. Of these, 48 patients had a positive H pylori status and 32 a negative one according to the results of the rapid urease test, histological examination, and culture. METHODS: A 13C-UBT was performed after an overnight fast, on three consecutive days. On each study day a different test meal or drink was given (0.1 N citric acid solution, a standard semiliquid meal, or a semiliquid fatty meal) 10 minutes before giving 75 mg 13C-urea. Breath samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes, and analysed by isotype ratio mass spectrometry. Results were expressed as delta (delta) and considered as positive for H pylori if the highest delta (peak) was greater than 4.0. RESULTS: The delta peak obtained with the citric acid drink in H pylori positive subjects (24.1 (SEM 1.5)) was significantly higher than that obtained with any of the semiliquid meals (13.3 (SEM 1.1) and 17.1 (SEM 1.0) respectively, p < 0.001). Furthermore, this delta peak was obtained earlier with the citric acid drink (30 (SEM 2) minutes) than with the other two meals tests (53 (SEM 2) min and 45 (SEM 2) min, p < 0.001). The sensitivity of the 13C-UBT for the diagnosis of H pylori infection was 96-100% with all three test meals. This high sensitivity was, however, obtained from 15 minutes by giving citric acid as the test drink, from 45 minutes by giving a semiliquid fatty meal, and at 60 minutes by giving the semiliquid standard meal. The specificity was 100% for all test meals. Citric acid is inexpensive and palatable to patients. CONCLUSIONS: The 13C-UBT procedure with citric acid as the test drink is superior to the previously proposed semiliquid test meals in terms of 13CO2 recovery, time requirement, and cost. In routine clinical sampling, collection at times 0 and 30 minutes seems to be optimal and gives a high diagnostic accuracy.
Divided attention in music

Two models have been advanced to account for the apparent ease with which attention can be divided in music: a “divided attention” model postulates that listeners effectively manage to follow two or more melodic lines played simultaneously. According to a “figure-ground model,” the harmonic coherence of Western polyphonies allows a listener to focus on one melody while staying aware of the other melody, which acts as a background. This figure-ground processing compensates for the inability to divide attention. The present study was designed to further investigate these two models. Participants were required to detect melodic errors in two familiar nursery tunes played simultaneously an octave apart. The divided-attention model predicted that this task would be easily performed by participants, irrespective of the key of the nursery tune. The figureground model predicted better performance when the keys of the tunes were identical or closely related. None of these predictions was fully supported by the dat.
Vegfa Impacts Early Myocardium Development in Zebrafish

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) signaling regulates cardiovascular development. However, the cellular mechanisms of Vegfa signaling in early cardiogenesis remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to understand the differential functions and mechanisms of Vegfa signaling in cardiac development. A loss-of-function approach was utilized to study the effect of Vegfa signaling in cardiogenesis. Both morphants and mutants for vegfaa display defects in cardiac looping and chamber formation, especially the ventricle. Vegfa regulates the heart morphogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the initial fusion of the bilateral myocardium population is delayed rather than endocardium. The results demonstrate that Vegfa signaling plays a direct impact on myocardium fusion, indicating that it is the initial cause of the heart defects. The heart morphogenesis is regulated by Vegfa in a dose-dependent manner, and later endocardium defects may be secondary to impaired myocardium–endocardium crosstalk.
Biobehavioral characteristics of infants with failure to thrive.

Failure to thrive (FTT) is a syndrome of growth failure that results in an infant who is behaviorally difficult. The current thinking is that FTT results from a problematic infant-mother interaction, with the infant making a significant contribution to the interactional process. It is possible that the behavioral characteristics of the infant with FTT may be related to underlying physiologic response patterns, specifically, activity of the autonomic nervous system. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among behavioral responsiveness, heart rate variability as a marker of autonomic nervous system activity, and nutritional status in infants with FTT. Infants with FTT were matched with healthy growing infants (n = 14 pairs). Results from the study indicated that infants with FTT exhibited considerably more negative behaviors and exhibited low heart rate variability. It appears that there may be a physiologic basis to the behaviors that are exhibited by infants with FTT. Prospective research is needed to further clarify this relationship.
Is Justice Really Blind? Race and Reversal in US Courts

I use two newly collected data sets to demonstrate that black federal district judges are consistently overturned on appeal more often than white district judges, with a gap in reversal rates of up to 10 percentage points. This gap is robust and persists after taking into account previous professional and judicial experience, educational background, qualification ratings assigned by the American Bar Association, and differences in appellate panel composition. In total, I find that approximately 2,800 additional cases authored by black judges have been reversed over the last 12 years. This study is among the first to explore how higher-court judges evaluate opinions written by judges of color, and it has clear implications: despite attempts to make the judiciary more reflective of the general population, racial disparities in the legal system appear to persist.
Scaling effects in multi-robot control

The present study investigates the effect of the number of controlled robots on performance of an urban search and rescue (USAR) task using a realistic simulation. Task performance increased in going from four to eight controlled robots but deteriorated in moving from eight to twelve. Workload increased monotonically with number of robots. Performance per robot decreased with increases in team size. Results are consistent with earlier studies suggesting a limit of between 8-12 robots for direct human control. This study demonstrates that these findings generalize to a more realistic setting and complex task.
Strathprints Institutional Repository Amati, G. and Crestani, F. (1999) Probabilistic Learning for Selective Dissemination of Information. Information Processing and Management, 35 (5). Pp. 633-654. Issn 0306-4573 Probabilistic Learning for Selective Dissemination of Information

Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (http://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Abstract New methods and new systems are needed to ®lter or to selectively distribute the increasing volume of electronic information being produced nowadays. An eective information ®ltering system is one that provides the exact information that ful®lls user's interests with the minimum eort by the user to describe it. Such a system will have to be adaptive to the user changing interest. In this paper we describe and evaluate a learning model for information ®ltering which is an adaptation of the generalized probabilistic model of Information Retrieval. The model is based on the concept ofùncertainty sampling', a technique that allows for relevance feedback both on relevant and nonrelevant documents. The proposed learning model is the core of a prototype information ®ltering system called ProFile. # 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Evolving Compact and Interpretable Takagi&#8211;Sugeno Fuzzy Models With a New Encoding Scheme

Developing Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models by evolutionary algorithms mainly requires three factors: an encoding scheme, an evaluation method, and appropriate evolutionary operations. At the same time, these three factors should be designed so that they can consider three important aspects of fuzzy modeling: modeling accuracy, compactness, and interpretability. This paper proposes a new evolutionary algorithm that fulfills such requirements and solves fuzzy modeling problems. Two major ideas proposed in this paper lie in a new encoding scheme and a new fitness function, respectively. The proposed encoding scheme consists of three chromosomes, one of which uses unique chained possibilistic representation of rule structure. The proposed encoding scheme can achieve simultaneous optimization of parameters of antecedent membership functions and rule structures with the new fitness function developed in this paper. The proposed fitness function consists of five functions that consider three evaluation criteria in fuzzy modeling problems. The proposed fitness function guides evolutionary search direction so that the proposed algorithm can find more accurate compact fuzzy models with interpretable antecedent membership functions. Several evolutionary operators that are appropriate for the proposed encoding scheme are carefully designed. Simulation results on three modeling problems show that the proposed encoding scheme and the proposed fitness functions are effective in finding accurate, compact, and interpretable Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models. From the simulation results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm can successfully find fuzzy models that approximate the given unknown function accurately with a compact number of fuzzy rules and membership functions. At the same time, the fuzzy models use interpretable antecedent membership functions, which are helpful in understanding the underlying behavior of the obtained fuzzy models
Does Admission to Hospital Affect Trends in Survival and Dependency After Stroke Using the South London Stroke Register?

Background and Purpose— Despite guidelines for specialist assessment in hospital for stroke, it is important to identify patient characteristics, trends, and outcome in patients not admitted to hospital compared with patients admitted to hospital. Methods— Population-based stroke register of first in a life time strokes between 1995 and 2012 were examined. Baseline data included admission or nonadmission, case mix, stroke subtype, and risk factors before stroke. Survival curves were estimated with Kaplan–Meier methods. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with poor outcome (dead and dependency: Barthel index, <15) at 3 months and 1 year. Results— Three thousand four hundred sixty-four patients were admitted to hospital for stroke. Patients admitted were more likely have more severe impairments (P<0.001). There was a significant trend for increasing admission over time; 1995 to 2000 (82%), 2001 to 2006 (90%), and 2007 to 2012 (94%); P<0.001. When survival analysis was stratified according to Barthel index ≥15 at day 7, there were no significant differences in survival curves between admission and nonadmission groups in 1995 to 2000 (P=0.15) or 2001 to 2006 (P=0.06), but there was a significant trend for higher survival rates for nonadmission in the 2007 to 2012 cohort (P=0.025). Admission to hospital (stroke unit) compared with nonadmission was also associated with poor outcome in the 2001 to 2006 time period (odds ratio, 2.66; confidence interval, 1.17–6.04) and the 2007 to 2012 time period (odds ratio, 5.26; confidence interval, 1.27–21.81). Conclusion— There is a survival advantage from 2007 onward and lower levels of dependency from 2001 onward after adjusting for case mix for those patients who are not admitted to hospital, which requires further explanation.
Editorial comment: Reduction of oxidative stress: a new indication for acetylsalicylic acid in coronary artery bypass surgery.

Thus, ASA reduces systemic inflammation in CABG patients without increasing the risk of bleeding complications. Although patient numbers are small in the present study, the results are in accordance with recent subanalyses of large randomized trials on third generation adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-receptor antagonists. In these trials, evaluating prasugrel or ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel—all in combination with ASA— patients receiving the stronger ADP-receptor antagonists fared better in terms of mortality even though bleeding was increased [9, 10]. Thus, treatment with antiplatelet drugs is beneficial not only in patients with acute coronary syndromes or coronary stent implantation, but also in patients undergoing CABG. Many surgeons understandably fear the increased bleeding risk that comes along with potent antiplatelet drugs. This risk has not been substantiated in the present study, a finding that may be partially due to the small sample size. However, even if patients did bleed more when treated with ASA or other potent antiplatelet drugs in the perioperative phase, is this not to be accepted in view of the overall benefit and improved survival? Patients will be grateful if their surgeon is willing to be extra careful and to deal with perioperative bleeding in order to allow them to take advantage of these drugs. Obviously, it remains to be elucidated by future research that the mechanism of ASA contributes more to better outcomes—antioxidative features or platelet inhibition. However, Berg et al. ought to be congratulated for having stimulated this discussion by their intriguing findings. Independent of the underlying mechanism, patients planning to undergo CABG should receive ASA whenever possible.
Multi-View Geometry of the Refractive Plane

Transparent refractive objects are one of the main problems in geometric vision that have been largely unexplored. The imaging and multi-view geometry of scenes with transparent or translucent objects with refractive properties is relatively less well understood than for opaque objects. The main objective of our work is to analyze the underlying multi-view relationships between cameras, when the scene being viewed contains a single refractive planar surface separating two different media. Such a situation might occur in scenarios like underwater photography. Our main result is to show the existence of geometric entities like the fundamental matrix, and the homography matrix in such instances. In addition, under special circumstances we also show how to compute the relative pose between two cameras immersed in one of the two media.
Rapid Arrival and Integration of Ascending Sensory Information in Layer 1 Nonpyramidal Neurons and Tuft Dendrites of Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons of the Neocortex

Ascending sensory inputs arriving in layer 1 of the neocortex carry crucial signals for detecting salient information; but how the inputs are processed in layer 1 is unknown. Using a whole-cell in vivo recording technique targeting nonpyramidal neurons in layer 1 and tuft dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in layers 1-2, we examined the processing of these ascending sensory inputs in the barrel cortex. Here, we show that local circuit and deeper-layer-projecting neurons in layer 1, as well as tuft dendrites and somata of layer 5 pyramidal neurons, respond to multiple whiskers (6-15) with robust EPSPs. Remarkably, the latency for primary whisker-evoked responses is as short as ∼5-7 msec in layer 1 neurons and tuft dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons. In addition, the latency for primary whisker-evoked responses in tuft dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons is ∼1 msec shorter than that in somata. These results indicate that ascending sensory inputs arrive in layers 1 and 4 concurrently, which provides a neural mechanism for rapid integration and coincident detection of salient sensory information.
Parental Autonomy Support in Two Cultures: The Moderating Effects of Adolescents' Self-Construals.

Parental autonomy support has been related to positive adolescent outcomes, however, its relation to outcomes in collectivist cultural groups is unclear. This study examined relations of specific autonomy supportive behaviors and outcomes among 401 adolescents (Mage = 12.87) from the United States (N = 245) and collectivist-oriented Ghana (N = 156). It also examined whether adolescents' self-construals moderated the relations of specific types of autonomy support with outcomes. Factor analyses indicated two types of autonomy support: perspective taking/open exchange and allowance of decision making/choice. In both countries, perspective taking/open exchange predicted positive outcomes, but decision making/choice only did so in the United States. With regard to moderation, the more independent adolescents' self-construals, the stronger the relations of decision making/choice to parental controllingness and school engagement.
Manipulator and Object Tracking for In Hand Model Acquisition

Recognizing and manipulating objects is an important task for mobile robots performing useful services in everyday environments. While existing techniques for object recognition related to manipulation provide very good results even for noisy and incomplete data, they are typically trained using data generated in an offline process. As a result, they do not enable a robot to acquire new object models as it operates in an environment. In this paper, we develop an approach to building 3D models of unknown objects based on a depth camera observing the robot’s hand while moving an object. The approach integrates both shape and appearance information into an articulated ICP approach to track the robot’s manipulator and the object. Objects are modeled by sets of surfels, which are small patches providing occlusion and appearance information. Experiments show that our approach provides very good 3D models even when the object is highly symmetric and lacking visual features and the manipulator motion is noisy.
Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of aortic dissection

Aortic dissection is an uncommon but potentially fatal disease with catastrophic complications. A high level of suspicion is required for successful diagnosis as presenting symptoms are so variable that dissection may be overlooked in up to 39% of cases. It most commonly presents in the elderly population with a history of chronic hypertension. Rapid intervention is necessary as delay leads to higher mortality. Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, morbidity and mortality remains high. Advances in diagnostic imaging have raised the awareness of variants of aortic dissection, including intramural hemorrhage and penetrating aortic ulcer. This distinction is important as the clinical course of these variants differs from that of classical aortic dissection, and thus treatment may also differ. Understanding of these variants has also led to the recognition of markers that may help predict progression to classical aortic dissection and thus warrant closer vigilance in selected patient populations. The recognition that rapid diagnosis is required for management of aortic dissection has led to the investigation of serum tests as diagnostic aids. Serum smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, d-dimer, and serum soluble elastin fragments are promising tests that may help raise suspicion for the diagnosis of acute aortic dissection. The high mortality associated with surgical therapy has led to investigation of alternative approaches. Endovascular therapy has emerged as a viable option in patients with type B dissection who are too unstable for surgery. However, long-term follow up is required to validate this procedure.