Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of nutritional status in haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Malnutrition is a common problem and a risk factor of mortality in haemodialysis patients. However, there is no consensus for its assessment. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between nutritional status, measured by bioimpedance spectrometry (BIS), and laboratory markers of nutritional status, as well as nutritional evolution and its changes after 1 year. METHODS We performed an observational prospective study on 124 haemodialysis patients (aged 61.2 ±[15.8] years, 62.9% were males, 33.1% were diabetic. Laboratory markers of nutritional status and BIS were implemented at baseline and after one year. RESULTS At baseline, lean mass index (LMI) (13.3 [3.6] Kg/m2) was inversely correlated with age (P=.006), and directly with male gender (P=.01). At baseline, the fat mass index (FMI) (mean 11.2 & 6.1kg/m2) correlates directly with the body mass index (P<.001) and the female gender (P=.004). We found no association with comorbidity or inflammatory markers. We did not observe any correlation between lean mass or fat mass modifications and nutritional marker modifications. Patients with LMI gain (>0kg/m2) have lower baseline serum albumin (P=.017), lower baseline LMI (P<.001) and higher baseline FMI (P=.027). Patients with FMI loss (<0kg/m2) have lower systolic blood pressure (P=.04). CONCLUSIONS Assessment of nutritional status through laboratory parameters does not have a good correlation with body composition parameters or with their modifications.
Can antistress music tapes reduce mental stress

The effects of so-called antistress music tapes on reduction of mental stress were examined using Cox and Mackay's SACL, Japanese edition (J-SACL). Fifty-two subjects were exposed to experimentally induced stressful situations and the J-SACL was administered before and after this stress exposure. The results indicated that: (1) music tapes in general could reduce both the stress and arousal factors of the J-SACL; (2) however, differential effects in stress reduction of antistress music tapes were not demonstrated; (3) stress-reducing effects were more prominent in stress than in arousal factors.
Percepção dos idosos sobre grupos de terceira idade

O Brasil esta envelhecendo, principalmente em consciencia e participacao, pois a cada dia aumenta o numero de cidadaos preocupados com a saude, com o crescimento cultural e que reivindicam mais espaco na sociedade. Entretanto, as transformacoes advindas do avanco tecnologico trouxeram uma expectativa de vida superior aquela esperada por muitos, e cada vez mais os idosos passam a somar uma porcentagem ainda maior, representando uma parcela significativa da populacao. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a percepcao dos idosos sobre a participacao nos grupos de convivencia. Realizou-se entrevista com 20 pessoas, de ambos os sexos e divididas em dois grupos, das quais dez frequentam o Grupo Flor de Maca, e dez frequentam o Grupo Melhor Idade em Acao. Os dados foram coletados atraves de entrevista semiestruturada e da observacao participante registrada em diario de campo, que ocorreram em locais e horarios agendados com os supervisores e participantes do estudo. Os dados foram analisados atraves das falas dos participantes, transformadas e separadas em categorias preestabelecidas. Verificou-se que a participacao nos grupos trouxe grandes melhorias e mudancas na vida dos idosos participantes do estudo, podendo-se observar melhorias em diversos fatores como saude, autoestima e valorizacao. Muitos relataram que as atividades realizadas nos grupos contribuiram bastante para o desenvolvimento das funcoes da vida diaria, alem de obter um reconhecimento e valorizacao, tanto pelos familiares como pela sociedade em geral. Conclui-se que a participacao nos grupos e de suma importância na busca de se obter melhor qualidade de vida.
Chemotherapy alone versus surgery followed by chemotherapy for stage I/IIE large‐cell lymphoma of the stomach

The optimal treatment of localized large‐cell lymphoma of the stomach remains controversial. In particular, the role of surgical resection of the primary tumor needs to be clearly defined. We have reviewed all patients with a diagnosis of gastric lymphoma and treated in our institutions between 1988 and 1998. Patients fulfilling the following criteria were included in this study: (1) histologically proven large‐cell lymphoma of the stomach; (2) adequate pathological materials and complete clinical information for analysis; (3) clinical stage I/II disease according to the Musshoff modification of Ann Arbor system; and (4) received primary chemotherapy alone with anthracycline‐ or anthracenedione‐containing regimens (group A) or curative surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (group B). There were 38 and 21 patients in group A and group B, respectively. All pertinent clinicopathologic features were similar between the two groups of patients, except that patients of group A had significantly more stage II‐2 disease (P = 0.004). Of group A, among 36 patients who could be evaluated for response to chemotherapy, there were 29 complete and 1 partial responses, with an overall response rate of 83.3% (95% CI, 71.1–95.5%). The projected 5‐year relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were 86.0% (95% CI, 73.3–98.7%) and 72.6% (95% CI, 57.0–88.2%), respectively. On the other hand, the projected 5‐year RFS and OS of group B were 77.9% (95% CI, 58.0–97.8%) and 77.8% (95% CI, 57.9–97.7%), respectively, not significantly different from that of group A. Our data suggest that systemic chemotherapy alone may be a reasonable alternative treatment for stage I/II large‐cell lymphoma of the stomach. Resection of the primary tumor before systemic chemotherapy does not appear to improve the cure rate of this group of patients. Am. J. Hematol. 64:175–179, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infiltrating cell types in transplant glomerulitis: relationship to peritubular capillary C4d deposition.

BACKGROUND Transplant glomerulitis may be part of the acute rejection process in some transplant recipients. Glomerular monocytes have been shown to be the predominant cell type in transplant glomerulitis associated with peritubular capillary C4d deposition. Whether this applies to peritubular capillary C4d-negative (C4d-) biopsy specimens with transplant glomerulitis is unknown. METHODS Forty-two biopsy specimens with acute rejection and transplant glomerulitis were immunostained for monocytes, T cells, and C4d. In each biopsy specimen, glomerular monocytes and T cells were counted, and mean numbers of monocytes per glomerulus and T cells per glomerulus were determined. RESULTS Peritubular capillary C4d staining was present in 20 biopsy specimens (C4d-positive [C4d+] group) and negative in 22 specimens (C4d- group). There was no significant difference between mean Banff 97 glomerular scores for the 2 groups (C4d+ , 1.60 +/- 0.80; C4d- , 1.77 +/- 0.90). Although the C4d+ group showed a significantly higher mean number of monocytes per glomerulus (3.01 +/- 2.35) than the C4d- group (0.95 +/- 1.00; P < 0.0001), the C4d- group showed a significantly higher mean number of T cells per glomerulus (4.05 +/- 3.05) than the C4d+ group (1.36 +/- 1.24; P = 0.0007). There were proportionately more C4d+ biopsy specimens with a monocyte-T-cell ratio greater than 1.0 (75%) than C4d- specimens (14%; P < 0.0001). Mean glomerular monocyte-T-cell ratio was 3.66 +/- 4.24 for the C4d+ group and 0.39 +/- 0.54 for the C4d- group; the difference was significant (P = 0.0009). CONCLUSION In acute rejection with no peritubular capillary C4d deposition, the predominant infiltrating endocapillary cell in transplant glomerulitis is the T cell, unlike acute rejection with peritubular capillary C4d deposition, in which the predominant infiltrating glomerular cell is the monocyte.
Little Ice Age cold interval in West Antarctica: Evidence from borehole temperature at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide

The largest climate anomaly of the last 1000 years in the Northern Hemisphere was the Little Ice Age (LIA) from 1400–1850 C.E. , but little is known about the signature of this event in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in Antarctica. We present temperature data from a 300 m borehole at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide. Results show that WAIS Divide was colder than the last 1000‐year average from 1300 to 1800 C.E. The temperature in the time period 1400–1800 C.E. was on average 0.52 ± 0.28°C colder than the last 100‐year average. This amplitude is about half of that seen at Greenland Summit (GRIP). This result is consistent with the idea that the LIA was a global event, probably caused by a change in solar and volcanic forcing, and was not simply a seesaw‐type redistribution of heat between the hemispheres as would be predicted by some ocean‐circulation hypotheses. The difference in the magnitude of the LIA between Greenland and West Antarctica suggests that the feedbacks amplifying the radiative forcing may not operate in the same way in both regions.
Dissociative Functions in the Normal Mourning Process

Dissociative functions in the mourning process are seen to occur in conjunction with integrative trends. The initial shock reaction in mourning is considered a paradigm of normal dissociation in the mourning process. Some research and clinical implications are addressed. Dissociation is understood to be related to the traumatic significance of death in human consciousness. Four psychological categories of dissociative functioning in the processing of death are discerned. Implications of normal dissociative processes in the mourning process for the theory of the unity of the self are raised.
The mRNA Decay Pathway Regulates the Expression of the Flo11 Adhesin and Biofilm Formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Regulation of the FLO11 adhesin is a model for gene expression control by extracellular signals and developmental switches. We establish that the major mRNA decay pathway regulates FLO11 expression. mRNA deadenylation of transcriptional repressors of FLO11 by the exonuclease Ccr4 keeps their levels low, thereby allowing FLO11 transcription.
Relative K0, Annihilators, Fitting Ideals and Stickelberger Phenomena

When G is abelian and l is a prime we show how elements of the relative K‐group K0(Zl[G], Ql give rise to annihilator/Fitting ideal relations of certain associated Z[G]‐modules. Examples of this phenomenon are ubiquitous. Particularly, we give examples in which G is the Galois group of an extension of global fields and the resulting annihilator/Fitting ideal relation is closely connected to Stickelberger's Theorem and to the conjectures of Coates and Sinnott, and Brumer. Higher Stickelberger ideals are defined in terms of special values of L‐functions; when these vanish we show how to define fractional ideals, generalising the Stickelberger ideals, with similar annihilator properties. The fractional ideal is constructed from the Borel regulator and the leading term in the Taylor series for the L‐function. En route, our methods yield new proofs, in the case of abelian number fields, of formulae predicted by Lichtenbaum for the orders of K‐groups and étale cohomology groups of rings of algebraic integers. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 11G55, 11R34, 11R42, 19F27.
Optimism, self-efficacy and information processing of threat- and well-being-related stimuli

The purpose of this study was to examine whether information bias associated with dispositional optimism and generalized self-efficacy can account for the link between general expectations and well-being. A modified Stroop task was used in this study. Our hypothesis was that individuals with high self-efficacy expectations or dispositional optimism would show greater bias towards well-being-related stimuli, whereas individuals with low self-efficacy or optimism would exhibit bias towards threat-related stimuli. A secondary hypothesis was that both self-efficacy and optimism would act as mediators of the latency, perceived distress relationship. One hundred and two undergraduate students participated in the study. After controlling for daily mood, the results showed that individuals high in optimism and self-efficacy showed greater informational bias towards well-being-related stimuli. The low self-efficacy group exhibited greater bias towards threat-related stimuli. Also, consistent with our hypothesis, optimism and self-efficacy mediated the relationship between the Stroop colour-naming latencies and perceived distress. These findings suggest that associations, which refer to automatic processes, may form an additional way through which expectations are related to functioning. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Luteolin and Quercetin Affect the Cholesterol Absorption Mediated by Epithelial Cholesterol Transporter Niemann–Pick C1-Like 1 in Caco-2 Cells and Rats

Niemann–Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) mediates cholesterol absorption, and ezetimibe is a potent NPC1L1 inhibitor applicable for medication of hypercholesterolemia. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that consumption of polyphenols correlates with a decreased risk for atherosclerosis due to their antioxidant effect. This activity can hardly be attributable to the antioxidant activity only, and we hypothesized that polyphenols inhibit intestinal transport of cholesterol. We elucidated the kinetic parameters of intestinal cholesterol absorption, screened several polyphenols for their ability to specifically inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption, and determined the inhibitory effects of selected flavonoids in vitro and in vivo. The concentration-dependent uptake of cholesterol by Caco-2 cells obeyed a monophasic saturation process. This indicates the involvement of an active-passive transport, i.e., NPC1L1. Parameters of cholesterol uptake by Caco-2 cells were as follows: J max, K t, and K d were 6.89±2.96 19.03±11.58 µM, and 0.11±0.02 pmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Luteolin and quercetin inhibited cholesterol absorption by Caco-2 cells and human embryonic kidney 293T cells expressing NPC1L1. When preincubated Caco-2 cells with luteolin and quercetin before the assay, cholesterol uptake significantly decreased. The inhibitory effects of these flavonoids were maintained for up to 120 min. The level of inhibition and irreversible effects were similar to that of ezetimibe. Serum cholesterol levels significantly decreased more in rats fed both cholesterol and luteolin (or quercetin), than in those observed in the cholesterol feeding group. As quercetin induced a significant decrease in the levels of NPC1L1 mRNA in Caco-2 cells, the in vivo inhibitory effect may be due to the expression of NPC1L1. These results suggest that luteolin and quercetin reduce high blood cholesterol levels by specifically inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption mediated by NPC1L1.
PBTK Modeling Demonstrates Contribution of Dermal and Inhalation Exposure Components to End-Exhaled Breath Concentrations of Naphthalene

Background Dermal and inhalation exposure to jet propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) have been measured in a few occupational exposure studies. However, a quantitative understanding of the relationship between external exposures and end-exhaled air concentrations has not been described for occupational and environmental exposure scenarios. Objective Our goal was to construct a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model that quantitatively describes the relative contribution of dermal and inhalation exposures to the end-exhaled air concentrations of naphthalene among U.S. Air Force personnel. Methods The PBTK model comprised five compartments representing the stratum corneum, viable epidermis, blood, fat, and other tissues. The parameters were optimized using exclusively human exposure and biological monitoring data. Results The optimized values of parameters for naphthalene were a) permeability coefficient for the stratum corneum 6.8 × 10−5 cm/hr, b) permeability coefficient for the viable epidermis 3.0 × 10−3 cm/hr, c) fat:blood partition coefficient 25.6, and d) other tissue:blood partition coefficient 5.2. The skin permeability coefficient was comparable to the values estimated from in vitro studies. Based on simulations of workers’ exposures to JP-8 during aircraft fuel-cell maintenance operations, the median relative contribution of dermal exposure to the end-exhaled breath concentration of naphthalene was 4% (10th percentile 1% and 90th percentile 11%). Conclusions PBTK modeling allowed contributions of the end-exhaled air concentration of naphthalene to be partitioned between dermal and inhalation routes of exposure. Further study of inter- and intraindividual variations in exposure assessment is required to better characterize the toxicokinetic behavior of JP-8 components after occupational and/or environmental exposures.
Psychopathology in Adolescent Alcohol Abuse and Dependence

Adolescents who abuse or are dependent on alcohol often have coexisting mental disorders. These disorders may both precipitate alcohol use disorders and result from them. In addition, both types of disorders may arise independently in adolescents at high risk. Mental disorders that commonly co-occur with alcohol use disorders in adolescents include antisocial disorders, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders. Treatment programs for adolescents with alcohol use disorders should seek not only to eliminate alcohol and other drug use but also to improve the symptoms of other mental disorders.
Atypical Double Right Coronary Artery Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndrome, Cardiogenic Shock and Complete Heart Block

Double right coronary artery (RCA) is an extremely rare coronary artery anomaly. We here report an atherosclerotic double RCA which appeared after primary percutaneous intervention performed to treat a 34-year-old male presenting with acute inferior myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock and complete heart block. This is an unusual case as double RCA had been hidden by total atherosclerotic occlusion of the proximal part of the RCA and complete restoration of patency led complete heart block back to normal sinus rhythm.
The Role of News Factors in News Selection: A Theoretical Reconsideration

An overview of American and European research on the concept of news factors in news selection shows some theoretical and methodological problems, which can be reduced to four dimensions. First, it is discussed whether an apolitical model of news selection should be supplemented by a functional perspective. Second, the epistemological question of defining `an event' and its consequences for the concept of news factors are considered. Third, the validity of the theory is examined by a closer look at the operation of independent and dependent variables in various empirical studies. Fourth, the degree of universality of the concept of news factors is analysed.
Performance of gravitational search algorithm in wireless sensor network localization

Along with the collected data, the location information of sensor nodes will also be required in many Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. The process of determining the location information or position coordinates of sensor nodes after their deployment is defined as localization. This work is concerned with localizing sensor nodes using a swarm-based optimization algorithm called Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). Localization in WSN is defined as a non-linear optimization problem and is solved using GSA. A detailed performance analysis is carried out through simulation. One of the major problems affecting the range based localization system is flip ambiguity. In this work, we tried to eliminate flip ambiguity from a network of collinear anchor nodes in a refinement phase of localization.
Voicing Terri Schiavo: Prosopopeic Citizenship in the Democratic Aporia between Sovereignty and Biopower

This essay examines the case of Terri Schiavo to develop a theory of prosopopeic democratic citizenship. Prosopopeia—the tropological attribution of voice—rhetorically sutures an aporia between sovereign and biopolitical modes of democratic governance. Citizens are split by the democratic rationality of self-governance: they act as sovereign subjects to govern themselves as biopolitical objects. However, that self-governing logic begins to falter when applied to live bodies that are not speaking subjects. By projecting a live body's self-determining capacity to speak in its own voice, prosopopeia rhetorically reconstitutes that citizen's capacity for self-representation, mediating the gap in the democratic order.
ENCOUNTERS BETWEEN POLICE OFFICERS AND YOUTHS: THE SOCIAL COSTS OF DISRESPECT

ABSTRACT The present study focused on firsthand and vicarious encounters between youths and police officers and the relationship between perceived police behaviors on youths’ attitudes toward the police and youths’ feelings of safety in their neighborhoods. Self-report surveys were administered to public high school students in a large urban area (Chicago). A total of 891 respondents completed the surveys and answered questions about their own encounters with the police and their observations of other youths’ encounters with the police. Students who claimed that officers had disrespected them or other youths were less likely to trust and respect the police or to think that officers are fair or care about the community, compared with students who claimed that officers had respected them or other youths.
The role of psychosocial factors in hiv risk-reduction among gay and bisexual men: A quantitative review

The results of a quantitative review of 36 studies of the adoption of safer sex among gay and bisexual men are interpreted in terms of the three stages of the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM). Variables associated with the process of labelling oneself as at risk and of committing oneself to practising safer sex were moderately associated with safer sexual behaviour. One variable we included in the enactment of safer sex - relationship status - was a highly reliable predictor of unsafe sex. Particular attention is paid to the theoretical advances embodied in Catania, Kegeles and Coates (1990) AIDS Risk Reduction Model, its focus on the process of behaviour change and its specification of an enactment stage in which the intention-behaviour gap is addressed. The implications of the results are discussed with respect to a pragmatic knowledge base and future investigations of sexual health.
Numerical and modeling issues in les of compressible turbulence on unstructured grids

This paper discusses numerical and modeling issues that arise in cell-centered flnitevolume methods (FVM) for large eddy simulation (LES) of compressible ∞ows on unstructured grids. These are: accuracy and stability of ∞ux interpolation scheme, shock capturing strategy, and subgrid-scale (SGS) modeling. To enhance the accuracy of ∞ux reconstruction, a new scheme with added flrst derivative term from each cell center is proposed, and tested for various benchmark problems. It is shown that stability as well as accuracy is determined by the formulation of gradient at cell center. As a shock-capturing method, a characteristic based fllter is formulated for cell-centered FVM on unstructured grids. The fllter is combined with a sensor based on the local divergence and vorticity. Also, a one-equation subgrid model based on the subgrid kinetic energy transport equation for compressible ∞ows is proposed.
Parent Autonomy-Enhancement and Development of Self-Efficacy

Perceptions of parents' autonomy-enhancing behaviors and their children's self-efficacy for problem-solving were explored with 386 college students who were asked their perceptions of parental autonomy-enhancing or controlling behaviors and administered the Problem-solving Self-efficacy Scale. Subjects, describing their fathers to be autonomy-enhancing rather than controlling, reported higher self-efficacy in problem-solving. No differences were observed among subjects with regard to similar perceptions of mothers. No interactions between mother and father were noted.