Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new species of Polygordius (Polychaeta: Polygordiidae): from the inner continental shelf and in bays and harbours of the north-eastern United States

A new species of Polygordiidae, Polygordius jouinae sp. nov., along with its distribution, habitat, and reproduction is described. Polygordius jouinae sp. nov., the first North American Polygordius, is a dominant member of macrofaunal communities on the inner continental shelf, and in bays and harbours from Massachusetts to southern New Jersey. It is distinguished from most other Polygordius species by its non-inflated, heavily ciliated pygidium, absence of pygidial glands, and a conical (rather than rounded) prostomium. The 18S SSU rDNA from P. jouinae sp. nov. was sequenced and represents the first named Polygordius species with a DNA reference in GenBank. Spearman rank correlation of sediment grain size with density of P. jouinae sp. nov. at a New Jersey site showed that density was significantly (P<0.05; N=92) positively correlated with the proportion of medium to very coarse sand and negatively correlated with the fine sand fractions. Ecologically, P. jouinae sp. nov. is an important macrofaunal species given its widespread distribution and its fidelity for coarse sand habitats. Thus, its relative abundance may be useful as an indicator of changing sedimentary conditions.
Nelumbinis Semen reverses a decrease in hippocampal 5‐HT release induced by chronic mild stress in rats

Depression is associated with a dysfunctional serotonin system. Recently, several lines of evidence have suggested that a very important evoking factor in depression may be a serotonin deficit in the hippocampus. This study assessed the antidepression effects of Nelumbinis Semen (NS) through increasing serotonin concentrations under normal conditions and reversing a decrease in serotonin concentrations in rat hippocampus with depression‐like symptoms induced by chronic mild stress (CMS). Using an in‐vivo microdialysis technique, the serotonin‐enhancing effect of NS on rat hippocampus was investigated and its effects compared with those of two well‐known antidepressants, Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) and fluoxetine (Prozac). Rats were divided into five groups: saline‐treated normal, without CMS; saline‐treated stress control; NS‐, St John's wort‐ and fluoxetine‐treated rats under CMS for 8 weeks or no stress treatment. NS and fluoxetine significantly increased serotonin in normal conditions and reversed a CMS‐induced decrease in serotonin release in the hippocampus (P< 0.05 compared with normal group or control group under CMS). These results suggest that NS increases the serotonin levels normally decreased in depression, resulting in an enhancement of central serotonergic transmission and possible therapeutic action in depression. It is suggested that NS may present an antidepressant effect through enhancement of serotonin.
No . 129 Brain Drain and LDCs ’ Growth : Winners and Losers by

We present an empirical evaluation of the growth e¤ects of the brain drain for the source countries of migrants. Using recent US data on migration rates by education levels (Carrington and Detragiache, 1998), we . nd empirical support for the ”bene.cial brain drain hypothesis” in a sample of 50 developing countries. At the country-level, we distinguish between winners and losers among source countries. While the number of winners is smaller, these include nearly 80% of the total population of developing countries. JEL Classi.cation: F22, J24, O15
Activity Level and Subjective Knee Function 15 Years after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Background The activity level and subjective knee function after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury treated without reconstruction have not been well elucidated. Hypothesis Patients with ACL injury can achieve good knee function and satisfactory long-term activity level when treated by early activity modification combined with rehabilitation. Study Design Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. Materials and Methods One hundred patients with an acute total ACL injury were observed for 15 years. All patients initially underwent arthroscopic surgery and a rehabilitation program. They were advised to modify their activity level, especially by avoiding contact sports. Patients with recurrent giving-way episodes and/or secondary meniscal injuries that required fixation (n = 6) were subsequently excluded and underwent reconstruction (n = 22). Sixty-seven patients with unilateral nonreconstructed ACL injury remained at the 15-year follow-up. The Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity level, and a visual analog score for global knee function were recorded at regular intervals. At the final follow-up, patients were further evaluated with the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee evaluation form. Results Forty patients resumed their preinjury activity level or higher within 3 years. The median activity level 15 years after injury had decreased from 7 to 4 according to Tegner activity scale (P < .001). The mean Lysholm knee score was 96 and 95, 1 and 3 years after injury, respectively, but declined to 86 after 15 years (P < .001). Forty-nine patients had good/excellent results, and 14 had fair (n = 6) or poor function (n = 8) at 15 years. Patients injured in contact sports scored lower in the quality of life sub-scale of KOOS than those injured in noncontact sports (P < .05). Thirteen of the 67 patients (19%) were reoperated with an arthroscopic procedure because of knee symptoms. Conclusion Early activity modification and neuromuscular rehabilitation resulted in a good knee function and an acceptable activity level in the majority of the nonreconstructed patients. The decline in activity level of patients engaged in contact sports at the time of injury affected their subjective quality of life more than patients involved in noncontact sports.
Relay-Assisted Free-Space Optical Communication

In this paper, we present relay-assisted transmission as a powerful fading mitigation tool for free-space optical systems operating in atmospheric turbulence channels. We study both serial (i.e., multi-hop transmission) and parallel (i.e., cooperative diversity) decode-and-forward relaying. We consider an aggregated channel model which takes into account both path-loss and turbulence-induced log-normal fading. Since fading variance is distance-dependent in free-space optical systems, relay-assisted transmission takes advantage of the shorter hops and brings significant performance improvements. We have derived closed form expressions for outage probability of the relaying schemes under consideration which are further confirmed through Monte-Carlo simulations. Our outage probability analysis demonstrates that an impressive performance improvement of 18.5 dB is possible with the use of a single relay at a target outage probability of 10-6.
The Slant of the News: How Editorial Endorsements Influence Campaign Coverage and Citizens' Views of Candidates

One of the essential elements of an impartial press in the United States is the “wall of separation” between the editorial pages and the pages devoted to the news. While the political beliefs of newspaper owners and editors are clearly articulated on opinion pages, their views are not supposed to infiltrate the reporting of the news. The analyses presented in this paper raise questions about this claim. We examine newspaper coverage of more than 60 Senatorial campaigns across three election years and find that information on news pages is slanted in favor of the candidate endorsed on the newspaper's editorial page. We find that the coverage of incumbent Senators is most affected by the newspaper's endorsement decision. We explore the consequences of “slanted” news coverage by showing that voters evaluate endorsed candidates more favorably than candidates who fail to secure an editorial endorsement. The impact of the endorsement decision on voters' evaluations is most powerful in races receiving a great deal of press attention and among citizens who read their local newspaper on a daily basis.
Exchange transfusion in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia: a comparison between citrated whole blood and reconstituted blood.

INTRODUCTION Exchange transfusion is performed using many different combinations of blood components. No single component is unequivocally the best. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and adverse events of exchange transfusion (ECT) with whole blood and reconstituted blood in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. METHODS The medical charts of all neonates who had undergone ECT over a two-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic features, causes of jaundice, details of the exchange method and ECT-related adverse events of the infants were recorded. A total of 107 ECT procedures were performed in 92 neonates during the study period. The neonates were categorised into those who received whole blood (n is 38) and those who received reconstituted blood (n is 54) for ECT. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the demographic characteristics and causes of jaundice between the two groups. ABO blood group incompatibility was the most common cause of hyperbilirubinaemia in both groups. The mean pre-ECT haematocrit of exchange transfused patients with whole blood and reconstituted blood was compatible. Although the mean post-ECT haematocrit in the reconstituted group was higher (39.74 +/- 5.65 versus 38.21 +/- 3.59), this difference was not significant (p is 0.15). The mean post-ECT platelet count was 59,000 +/- 29,400 and 73,000 +/- 21,300 in patients who underwent ECT with reconstituted and whole blood, respectively. A similar number of patients in both groups experienced hypocalcaemia and thrombocytopaenia after ECT. No case of ECT-related mortality was observed. CONCLUSION ECT with either reconstituted or fresh whole blood is an efficient and safe method for reducing hyperbilirubinaemia.
Learning With and Learning From: Reciprocity in Service Learning in Teacher Education

Service learning aims to promote academic learning and meet community needs. When students interview elderly residents in a nursing home about their experiences during World War II, they gain eyewitness historical information and provide company to persons who otherwise may have few visitors. Such situations are designed to be “win-win. ’’ Students who serve gain; those served gain. On the surface, this would seem to be a reciprocal relationship, each party meeting another’s needs. But is it really? Are those who receive service the equals of those who serve, particularly in the eyes of those giving service? How do power differentials between participants in service learning relationships influence service and learning? And what are the implications of such inequality (real or perceived) for the learning of those who serve? As Varlotta (1997) points out, traditional service learning theory and practice have limited the ways in which many teachers and students think about and implement service learning. Despite rhetoric to the contrary, these service learning projects often suppress diversity and conflict in favor of consensus. They simplify issues of power by invoking a definition of reciprocity among learners and teachers as well as service recipients and service providers where power is seen as something to be shared by those who have it by position—teachers and providers—with those who do not. In such scenarios, those with power intend their service learning projects, at some point, to result in some redistribution, if not equalization, of power. Unfortunately, in reality the results are too often static and unequal relationships where service providers and recipients can clearly be identified in roles that do not change. Power flows one way, from those giving to those receiving; the givers of power attempt to change the values and actions of the receivers of power, to make the receivers more like themselves.
Cognitive Inhibition in Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): Developing an Understanding of Working Memory Function in DID

ABSTRACT The current study examined cognitive inhibition, a mechanism of working memory, in dissociative identity disorder (DID). A negative priming procedure was used to assess inhibitory functioning in DID patients, as well as in a general population sample and a psychiatric comparison sample. Results from the first study show a significant interaction between group and experimental condition; the general population sample showed an independently non-significant trend towards negative priming while the two psychiatric groups showed no evidence of negative priming. Using different stimuli and a new priming procedure, Study 2 essentially replicated the findings of Study 1 with the control sample displaying significant negative priming and the two psychiatric samples producing no negative priming. High dissociativity was significantly related to reduced negative priming in Study 2. Findings suggest a relationship between DID and weakened inhibitory functioning and are discussed with reference to the negative priming and dissociation literatures.
Symmetric private information retrieval for MDS coded distributed storage

A user wants to retrieve a file from a database without revealing the identity of the file retrieved at the database, which is known as the problem of private information retrieval (PIR). If it is further required that the user obtains no information about the database other than the desired file, the concept of symmetric private information retrieval (SPIR) is introduced to guarantee privacy for both parties. In this paper, the problem of SPIR is studied for a database stored among N nodes in a distributed way, by using an (N, M)-MDS storage code. The information-theoretic capacity of SPIR, defined as the maximum number of information bits of the desired file retrieved per downloaded bit, for the coded database is derived. It is shown that the SPIR capacity for coded database is 1-M/N, when the amount of the shared common randomness of distributed nodes (unavailable at the user) is at least M/N-M times the file size. Otherwise, the SPIR capacity for the coded database equals zero.
Adversarial Networks for the Detection of Aggressive Prostate Cancer

Semantic segmentation constitutes an integral part of medical image analyses for which breakthroughs in the field of deep learning were of high relevance. The large number of trainable parameters of deep neural networks however renders them inherently data hungry, a characteristic that heavily challenges the medical imaging community. Though interestingly, with the de facto standard training of fully convolutional networks (FCNs) for semantic segmentation being agnostic towards the `structure' of the predicted label maps, valuable complementary information about the global quality of the segmentation lies idle. In order to tap into this potential, we propose utilizing an adversarial network which discriminates between expert and generated annotations in order to train FCNs for semantic segmentation. Because the adversary constitutes a learned parametrization of what makes a good segmentation at a global level, we hypothesize that the method holds particular advantages for segmentation tasks on complex structured, small datasets. This holds true in our experiments: We learn to segment aggressive prostate cancer utilizing MRI images of 152 patients and show that the proposed scheme is superior over the de facto standard in terms of the detection sensitivity and the dice-score for aggressive prostate cancer. The achieved relative gains are shown to be particularly pronounced in the small dataset limit.
Collaborative Teaming to Support Students at Risk and Students with Severe Disabilities in General Education Classrooms

This study investigated the effectiveness of a general education/special education collaborative teaming process on the academic and social participation of six students in general education classrooms. Three of the students experienced severe disabilities. The other three were considered academically at risk. Each student was supported by an educational team that included general and special education personnel and the students' parents. Each team developed and collaboratively implemented individualized Unified Plans of Support for one student at risk and a classmate with disabilities, consisting of academic adaptations and communication and social supports. The effectiveness of the support plans was evaluated through behavioral observations and team interviews. Intervention outcomes suggested that for each of the six students consistent implementation of the plans of support by team members was associated with increases in academic skills, engagement in classroom activities, interactions with peers, and student-initiated interactions.
Phonological memory and vocabulary development during the early school years: A longitudinal study.

The nature of the developmental association between phonological memory and vocabulary knowledge was explored in a longitudinal study. At each of 4 waves (at ages 4, 5, 6, and 8 yrs), measures of vocabulary, phonological memory, nonverbal intelligence, and reading were taken from 80 children. Comparisons of cross-lagged partial correlations revealed a significant shift in the causal underpinnings of the relationship between phonological memory and vocabulary development before and after 5 yrs of age. Between 4 and 5 yrs, phonological memory skills appeared to exert a direct causal influence on vocabulary acquisition. Subsequently, though, vocabulary knowledge became the major pacemaker in the developmental relationship, with the earlier influence of phonological memory on vocabulary development subsiding to a nonsignificant level. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
CANADA AS A NEW PLACE: THE IMMIGRANT’S EXPERIENCE

Abstract A place is space that has been given meaning through personal, group, or cultural processes. It can be unknown or not experienced, as the new country is to a new immigrant. This paper reviews and discusses aspects of the physical settings that immigrants learn about and adapt in a new place (Canada, in particular). Immigration trends in Canada, theories of coping with an unfamiliar culture, and culture and environment relationships are reviewed briefly. An integration of literature on immigrants’ learning and adaptation with respect to environmental cognition, adaptation to winter climate, leisure and recreation, communication via environmental cues, housing, and place attachment follows. Finally, current means by which immigrant settlement can be facilitated are discussed. @ 1998 Academic Press
Rare Events and the Equity Premium

The allowance for low-probability disasters, suggested by Rietz (1988), explains a lot of puzzles related to asset returns and consumption. These puzzles include the high equity premium, the low risk-free rate, the volatility of stock returns, and the low values of typical macro-econometric estimates of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution for consumption. Another mystery that may be resolved is why expected real interest rates were low in the United States during major wars, such as World War II. This resolution works even though price-earnings ratios tended also to be low during the wars. This approach achieves these explanations while maintaining the tractable framework of a representative agent, time-additive and iso-elastic preferences, complete markets, and i.i. d. shocks to productivity growth. Perhaps just as puzzling as the high equity premium is why Rietz's framework has not been taken more seriously by researchers in macroeconomics and finance.
Universalistic and Contingency Predictions of Employee Satisfaction and Conflict.

The helpful comments of Jeanne Brett, Robert B. Duncan, Jane Dutton, Daniel C. Feldman, Douglas T. Hall, Joseph Moag, Lynn W. Phillips, and Lance Sandelands are gratefully acknowledged. This research was supported by grants from the Marketing Science Institute of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the Northwestern University Research Committee, and by the Consumer Reporting Agencies in which the study was conducted.
An empirical investigation of the proposition that ‘school is work’: a comparison of personality–performance correlations in school and work settings

An empirical test of Munson and Rubenstein's (1992) assertion that ‘school is work’ compared a sample of students in a high school with a sample of workers in a manufacturing plant in the same metropolitan area. Data from both samples included scores on six personality traits—Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Openness, Emotional Stability, Optimism, and Work Drive—and setting‐appropriate indicators of performance—cumulative grade point average (GPA) for students and supervisors' summed performance ratings for workers. In both samples, all of these personality traits showed significant correlations with performance, ranging from +. 18 to +. 46, with a median in both populations of +. 24. The high school population contained a substantial fraction of students in the low and below‐average categories on traits that predict performance in both settings, and the score distributions of four traits showed no change from 9th through 12th grades. While Optimism scores rose slightly through high school, average scores on Work Drive —the single best predictor of performance in manufacturing settings—actually declined from 9th through 12th grades in the population studied here. These findings support the psychological equivalence of school and work, raise questions about the potential employability of high school students, and point toward areas for future research.
Redefining Press Freedom: A Survey of Iraqi Broadcasters in Political Transition and Conflict

This study examined how Iraqi broadcasters perceive the concept of press freedom in their newly emerging media environment. Based on the survey of 122 Iraqi broadcasters, this study found that individual, attitudinal, and organizational factors determine Iraqi broadcasters' perceptions of press freedom. Departing from the conventional press freedom indices on Iraq compiled by Western freedom advocate organizations, this study suggests that the Iraqi broadcasters' perceptions on the press freedom were relative, not absolute or uniform as depicted through numerical indices or qualitative labels.
Effect of Perspective-Taking Training on Interpersonal Problem Solving.

MARSH, DIANE T. ; SERAFICA, FELICISIMA C. ; and BARENBOIM, CARL. Effect of Perspectivetaking Training on Interpersonal Problem Solving. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1980, 51, 140-145. A study was undertaken to assess the effect of perspective-taking training on the ability to solve interpersonal problems. Subjects consisted of 2 classes of average-ability eighth-grade students. They were given the following measures before and after training: means-ends interpersonal problem solving, interpersonal problem analysis, social perspective taking, and affective perspective taking. Subjects in the experimental group received training in role playing designed to increase the ability to articulate and coordinate the relevant social perspectives in a social situation, as well as the internal states of individuals in that situation. The training did have a significant effect on interpersonal problem solving, but only on one measure of that ability (interpersonal problem analysis). There was no overall effect, however, on either measure of perspective taking, although there was some evidence that training stabilized preexisting levels of social perspective taking.