Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compiler-directed type reconstruction for polymorphic languages

In tagless implementations of polymorphic langnages, the run-time types of data objects may not be completely determined at compile-time. With ML-like static type-checking, a static type template can be produced for each polymorphic function that may be instantiated at run-time according to the types of its actual arguments. Still, as noted in [5], it may not be possible to reconstruct the types of some objects that are hidden inside a closure. This creates problems for applications like garbage collection and source debugging that need to understand the entire run-time state of the-machine. In this paper, we present a compiler-directed type recc,nstruction scheme for ML-like languages that reconstructs cc,mplete type information of all objects at run-time without using universal type-tags. Our scheme explicitly propagates cc,mpiler generated hints at run-time whenever there is a danger of losing the type information otherwise. We show a cc,mpilation st rat egy to automatically detect, generate and propagate such hints and a type reconstruction algorithm tk.at uses them in the context of a source debugger [2] for tl.e Id language [10]. We also show several compiler optimization that reduce the run-time overhead of propagating these hints.
Clinical Significance of Cartilage Biomarkers for Monitoring Structural Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Anti-TNF Therapy

Purpose With the current use of biologics in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there is a need to monitor ongoing structural joint damage due to the dissociation of articular cartilage damage from disease activity of RA. This study longitudinally analyzed levels of serum cartilage biomarkers during 54 weeks of infliximab therapy, to evaluate the feasibility of biomarkers for monitoring structural joint damage. Methods Subjects comprised 33 patients with early RA and 33 patients with established RA. All patients received 3 mg/kg of infliximab and methotrexate for 54 weeks. Levels of the following serum cartilage markers were measured at baseline and at weeks 14, 22, and 54: hyaluronan (HA); cartilage oligometric matrix protein (COMP); type II collagen (CII)-related neoepitope (C2C); type II procollagen carboxy-propeptide (CPII); and keratin sulfate (KS). Time courses for each biomarker were assessed, and relationships between these biomarkers and clinical or radiographic parameters generally used for RA were investigated. Results Levels of CRP, MMP-3, DAS28-CRP, and annual progression of TSS were improved to similar degrees in both groups at week 54. HA and C2C/CPII were significantly decreased compared to baseline in the early RA group (p<0.001), whereas HA and COMP, but not C2C/CPII, were decreased in the established RA group. Strikingly, serum C2C/CPII levels were universally improved in early RA, regardless of EULAR response grade. Both ΔHA and ΔC2C/CPII from baseline to week 54 correlated significantly with not only ΔCRP, but also ΔDAS28 in early RA. Interestingly, when partial correlation coefficients were calculated by standardizing CRP levels, the significant correlation of ΔHA to ΔDAS28 disappeared, whereas correlations of ΔC2C/CPII to ΔDAS28, ΔJNS, and ΔHAQ remained significant. These results suggest a role of ΔC2C/CPII as a marker of ongoing structural joint damage with the least association with CRP, and that irreversible cartilage damage in established RA limits restoration of the C2C/CPII level, even with tight control of joint inflammation. Conclusion The temporal course of C2C/CPII level during anti-TNF therapy indicates that CII turnover shifts toward CII synthesis in early RA, but not in established RA, potentially due to irreversible cartilage damage. ΔC2C/CPII appears to offer a useful marker reflecting ongoing structural joint damage, dissociated from inflammatory indices such as CRP and MMP-3.
Asthma Severity and the Controller Prescription in Children at 12 Tertiary Hospitals

Purpose Guidelines need to be tailored to where they are applied. We aimed to describe the distinctive asthma severity profile and the pattern of controller prescription in Korean children. Methods Twelve pediatric allergists from tertiary medical centers reviewed medical records of all asthmatic children who visited their clinics between September 1 and November 30 of 2013. Controller prescriptions were re-classified into 4 categories, then the prevalence of each asthma severity category and the controller prescription patterns according to asthma severity assessed by a Western (Global Initiative for Asthma, GINA) and an Asia-Pacific (Japanese Pediatric GuideLine, JPGL) guideline were evaluated. Results A total of 840 cases were reviewed. Both GINA and JPGL revealed that 328 (39.0%) and 249 (29.6%) subjects had intermittent asthma whereas 24 (2.9%) and 21 (2.5%) subjects had severe persistent asthma, respectively. Although higher category controllers tended to be prescribed to those who had more severe asthma, there was much overlap in categories of prescribed controllers between groups with regard to asthma severities. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) was the most frequently prescribed as a single controller (40%) or as an add-on medication (19%) in the group of asthmatic children <6 years. Conclusions Korean children have distinctive patterns of asthma severity and management strategies with a lower prevalence of severe asthma and a preference toward LTRA rather than low dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) alone or add-on long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) in the group of <6 year-old asthmatics that has not been predicted in Western countries. Thus, strategies tailored to regional situations need to be developed and recommended.
A 600 Minute Near-Infrared Light Curve of Sagittarius A*

We present the longest, by a factor of 2, near-infrared light curve from Sgr A*—the supermassive black hole in the Galactic center. Achieved by combining Keck and VLT data from one common night, which fortuitously had simultaneous Chandra and SMA data, this light curve is used to address two outstanding problems. First, a putative quasi-periodicity of ~20 minutes reported by groups using ESO’s VLT is not confirmed by Keck observations. Second, while the infrared and mm regimes are thought to be related based on reported time lags between light curves from the two wavelength domains, the reported time lag of 20 minutes inferred using the Keck data of this common VLT/Keck night only is at odds with the lag of ~100 minutes reported earlier. With our long light curve, we find that (1) the simultaneous 1.3 mm observations are in fact consistent with a ~100 minute time lag, (2) the different methods of NIR photometry used by the VLT and Keck groups lead to consistent results, (3) the Lomb-Scargle periodogram of the whole NIR light curve is featureless and follows a power law with slope –1.6, and (4) scanning the light curve with a sliding window to look for a transient QPO phenomenon reveals for a certain part of the light curve a 25 minute peak in the periodogram. Using Monte Carlo simulations and taking the number of trials into account, we find it to be insignificant.
The Influence of Subject Areas on Middle School Tracking Policies. Faculty Research Working Paper Series R94-19.

Grouping students by ability into courses with distinct curricula, or "tracking" as it is called in middle and high schools, has provoked a furious debate among educational scholars and practitioners. Research on tracking invariably characterizes the practice as a school-level, unitary phenomenon; schools are depicted as either tracked or untracked. One consequence of such thinking has been to narrow educators' policy options to either acceptance or rejection of tracking. By examining the policies of 373 California middle schools, this study challenges the characterization of school curricular policy as a unitary construct and presents evidence that tracking, as practiced in schools, evolves from its interaction with subject matter. The movement to reduce ability grouping, for instance, has achieved greater success in English courses than in mathematic-When viewed as a product of subject area subsystems, tracking's place in school organization comes into sharper focus. Data were gathered through: (1) a survey of all California middle schools, which elicited an approximate 42 percent response rate; and (2) case studies of 23 California middle schools, which included interviews with 175 principals and teachers. One table a. --d one figure are included. The appendix contains case-study statistics. (Contains 39 references.) (LMI) ****A*,. :. *,. ;;;;;;:c::::***************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * * Faculty Research Working Paper Series THE INFLUENCE OF SUBJECT AREAS ON MIDDLE SCHOOL TRACKING POLICIES Tom Loveless June 1994
The No Child Left Behind Act

The federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) imposes new requirements on state education systems and provides additional education funding. This article estimates education cost functions, predicts the spending required to support NCLB standards, and compares this spending with the funding available through NCLB. This analysis is conducted for Kansas and Missouri, which have similar education environments but very different standards. We find that new federal funding is sufficient to support very low standards for student performance, but cannot come close to funding high standards without implausibly large increases in school-district efficiency. Because of the limited federal funding and the severe penalties in NCLB when a school does not meet its state's standards, states have a strong incentive to keep their standards low. NCLB needs to be reformed so that it will encourage high standards.
Radiographic Profiling of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Advanced Melanoma Patients Treated with Ipilimumab

As more melanoma patients are treated with CTLA-4 antibodies, immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) need elucidation. Radiographic imaging identified irAEs in 31% of patients, with colitis being most common. Most irAEs developed within 3 months of therapy. Ipilimumab is a promising novel immunotherapy agent and is associated with a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAE). The purpose of this study was to investigate the manifestations of irAEs on body imaging in patients with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab. One-hundred forty-seven patients with advanced melanoma (59 women, 88 men; median age, 64.5 years) treated with ipilimumab were studied. All patients had the baseline and at least one follow-up chest/abdomen/pelvis CT or PET/CT during therapy, which were reviewed by a consensus of two radiologists blinded to the clinical data. Findings indicative of individual types of irAEs were assessed, including thyroiditis, sarcoid-like lymphadenopathy, pneumonitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and colitis. Among the 147 patients, 46 (31%) had radiologically identified irAEs. The time interval from the initiation of therapy to the development of irAEs was less than 3 months in 76% (35 of 46) of the patients (range, 0.2–9.1 months). Clinical characteristics did not differ between patients with and without irAEs (P > 0.18). Among the individual types of irAEs, colitis was most common (n = 28; 19%), followed by sarcoid-like lymphadenopathy (n = 8; 5%) and pneumonitis (n = 8; 5%). Hepatitis (n = 3), thyroiditis (n = 2), and pancreatitis (n = 1) were less common. The resolution of irAEs was noted in 32 of 36 patients (89%) with further follow-up scans, with a median time of 2.3 months after the detection of irAE. In conclusion, irAEs were noted on body imaging in 31% of patients with melanoma treated with ipilimumab. Colitis was the most common, followed by sarcoid-like lymphadenopathy and pneumonitis. The results call for an increased awareness of irAEs, given the expanding role of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(10); 1185–92. ©2015 AACR.
ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Gastroduodenal Neoplasms

a Department of Digestive and Liver Disease, Ospedale Sant’Andrea, Rome , Italy; b Department of Oncology, Royal Free University UFR Bichat-Beaujon-Louis Mourier, Colombes , France; c Digestive Oncology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg/Leuven, Leuven , Belgium; d Institute of Pathology, Catholic University – Policlinic A. Gemelli, Rome , Italy; e Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice , Poland; f Department of Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen , Denmark; g Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai , Japan; h Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, St. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna , Italy; i Institut Catala d’Oncologia (IDIBELL), Barcelona , Spain; j Department of Gastroenterology, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy , France
Eurographics/ Acm Siggraph Symposium on Computer Animation (2008)

To simulate multiple fluids realistically many important interaction effects have to be captured accurately. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) has shown to be a simple, yet flexible method to cope with many fluid simulation problems in a robust way. Unfortunately, the results obtained when using SPH to simulate miscible fluids are severely affected, especially if density ratios become large. The undesirable effects reach from unphysical density and pressure variations to spurious and unnatural interface tensions, as well as severe numerical instabil-ities. In this work, we present a formulation based on SPH which can handle density discontinuities at interfaces between multiple fluids correctly without increasing the computational costs compared to standard SPH. The basic idea is to replace the density computation in SPH by a measure of particle densities and consequently derive new formulations for pressure and viscous forces. The new method enables the user to select the desired amount of interface tension according to the simulation problem at hand. We succeed to stably simulate multiple fluids with high density contrasts without the above described artifacts apparent in standard SPH simulations.
Prevalence of and Associated Factors for Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Swiss Men

Objective The present study aimed to measure the prevalence of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a large, representative sample of young Swiss men and to assess factors associated with this disorder. Methods Our sample consisted of 5656 Swiss men (mean age 20 years) who participated in the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF). ADHD was assessed with the World Health Organization (WHO) adult ADHD Self Report Screener (ASRS). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between ADHD and several socio-demographic, clinical and familial factors. Results The prevalence of ADHD was 4.0%, being higher in older and French-speaking conscripts. A higher prevalence also was identified among men whose mothers had completed primary or high school/university and those with a family history of alcohol or psychiatric problems. Additionally, adults with ADHD demonstrated impairment in their professional life, as well as considerable mental health impairment. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that ADHD is common among young Swiss men. The impairments in function and mental health we observed highlight the need for further support and interventions to reduce burden in affected individuals. Interventions that incorporate the whole family also seem crucial.
A pilot phase II study of neoadjuvant triplet chemotherapy regimen in patients with locally advanced resectable colon cancer

Objective This study aims to investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of triplet regimen of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced resectable colon cancer. Methods Patients with clinical stage IIIb colon cancer received a perioperative triple chemotherapy regimen (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 and irinotecan 150 mg/m2, combined with folinic acid 200 mg, 5-fluorouracil 500 mg bolus and then 2,400 mg/m2 by 44 h infusion or capecitabine 1 g/m2 or S-1 40–60 mg b.i.d orally d 1–10, repeated at 2-week intervals) for 4 cycles. Complete mesocolic excision was scheduled 2–6 weeks after completion of neoadjuvant treatment and followed by a further 6 cycles of FOLFOXIRI or XELOX. Primary outcome measures of this stage II trial were feasibility, safety, tolerance and efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment. Results All 23 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and underwent surgery. Twenty-one patients (91.3%) had reductions in tumor volume after neoadjuvant treatment, and 13 patients (56.5%) had grade 3–4 toxicity. No patients had severe complications from surgery. Preoperative therapy resulted in significant down-staging of T-stage and N-stage compared with the baseline clinical stage including one pathological complete response. Conclusions Neoadjuvant triple chemotherapy has high activity and acceptable toxicity and perioperative morbidity, and is feasible, tolerable and effective for locally advanced resectable colon cancer.
Histologic and Genetic Advances in Refining the Diagnosis of “Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma”

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is an inclusive term used for sarcomas that defy formal sub-classification. The frequency with which this diagnosis is assigned has decreased in the last twenty years. This is because when implemented, careful histologic assessment, immunohistochemistry, and ultra-structural evaluation can often determine lineage of differentiation. Further attrition in the diagnostic frequency of UPS may arise by using array-comparative genomic hybridization. Gene expression arrays are also of potential use as they permit hierarchical gene clustering. Appraisal of the literature is difficult due to a historical perspective in which specific molecular diagnostic methods were previously unavailable. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification has changed with different inclusion criteria. Taxonomy challenges also exist with the older term “malignant fibrous histiocytoma” being replaced by “UPS”. In 2010 an analysis of multiple sarcoma expression databases using a 170-gene predictor, re-classified most MFH and “not-otherwise-specified” (NOS) tumors as liposarcomas, leiomyosarcomas or fibrosarcomas. Interestingly, some of the classifier genes are potential molecular therapeutic targets including Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), Nerve growth factor β (NGF β) and Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).
Virtual Network Mapping through Path Splitting and Migration

Mapping multiple virtual network (VN) requests with constraints on virtual nodes and virtual links into a shared substrate network presents a significant challenge and is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, we propose a heuristic node and link mapping algorithm that handles online VN requests. The node mapping algorithm selects a substrate node that satisfies both a virtual node's resource requirement and the amount of requested available bandwidth. The link mapping algorithm focuses on mapping a virtual link to a substrate path or paths. In addition, path migration is used to migrate virtual links to different substrate paths, which maximizes the number of coexisting VNs in a substrate network and increases the revenue of the Infrastructure Providers (InP). Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm offers better performance than existing mapping approaches.
Novel wide-band transition between Finite Ground Coplanar Waveguide (FGCPW) and balanced stripline

A novel wideband transition for connecting the Finite Ground Coplanar Waveguide (FGCPW) to the balanced stripline is proposed. The transition is partly tapered, multilayered and consists of two via interconnects. Its frequency of operation ranges from DC to 65 GHz. Simulation and experimental results, showing good agreement, are presented and discussed. This transition can find its use in a variety of MMIC applications, such as RF systems-on-chip. To our knowledge, this is the first FGCPW to balanced stripline transition described in the literature.
Codes of Good Governance Worldwide: What is the Trigger?

This article examines the mechanisms underlying the worldwide diffusion of organizational practices. We suggest that the two main theoretical explanations in the diffusion literature, efficiency and legitimation, can be complementary. More specifically, we argue that endogenous forces seek to enhance the efficiency of existing systems, while exogenous forces seek to increase legitimation. To assess our argument, we explore the worldwide diffusion of codes of good governance. These codes are a set of ‘best practice’ recommendations regarding the behavior and structure of a firm’s board of directors issued to compensate for deficiencies in a country’s corporate governance system regarding the protection of shareholders’ rights. We have collected data on codes of good governance for 49 countries. We operationalize efficiency needs in terms of the characteristics of shareholder protection, and legitimation pressures in terms of government liberalization, economic openness, and presence of foreign institutional investors. Our analysis supports the argument that both efficiency needs and legitimation pressures lead to code adoption. In addition, our empirical results show that countries with legal systems with strong shareholder protection rights tend to be more prone to develop codes, possibly for efficiency reasons. This article contributes to organization theory by illustrating that he diffusion of codes fosters both cross-national corporate governance convergence as well as some degree of country hybridization, particularly depending on the type of code issuer.
DEVELOPING ENGLISH MATERIALS FOR FINE ARTS STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS AT THE FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES OF UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA

this study was aimed at developing an English textbook for the students of Fine Arts Study Program in Faculty of Cultural Studies of Universitas Brawijaya Malang. The study was based on the design of Research and Development by Borg and Gall (1983). Thus, this study involved several stages namely the needs analysis, development of product, expert validation, materials try-out, and the finished product as the final stage out of the series of stages suggested. Questionnaires were employed as one of the instruments to obtain data during the needs analysis. Semi-structured interview was also conducted to lecturers teaching English in those particular students. an expert was then requested for his involvement in validating the textbook and giving some suggestions for the improvement of the product. Try-out stage was carried out in the real class situation for the purpose of investigating the feasibility of the developed textbook. The final product of this study was in the form of a textbook consisting of six units in which each covered materials on three language skills (reading, speaking, and writing) plus those of vocabulary and grammar. This textbook was also completed with a guidebook for teacher containing the guideline fo each activity and the answer keys for the exercises.