Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scientific production in pharmaceutical care: comparison between Brazil, USA and Spain

The aim of this study was to estimate the evolution of the field of Pharmaceutical Care (PC) by measuring the quality and quantity of the scientific production on the topic of PC in Brazil compared to two pioneering countries in the field, the United States of America (USA) and Spain. The databases Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, Lilacs and SciELO were used as sources for the literature search. Pharmaceutical Care, or the appropriate translations, was used as the search term for the literature search, which was limited to articles published between 1990 and 2009. A score of quality (SQ) was calculated using variables such as impact factor and the frequency of the citations. We included 3265 articles published in 544 journals. We found that there was a steady increase in scientific production since 1990 and that the USA had a higher quality of scientific production than Spain, whereas the Spain produced the highest quantity of articles. In comparison, the Brazilian production of scientific publications on PC is low in terms of both quality and quantity but has increased steadily since 2002. Nevertheless, Brazil has not yet reached the level of the USA or Spain. In conclusion, Brazil's scientific production has evolved over the second decade studied in this work, with particularly high levels of production in the last five years. However, an increase in the quantity and quality of the publications should be encouraged.
The Rationalizing Effects of Cognitive Load on Emotion-Based Trade-off Avoidance

Consumers often face emotion-laden choices involving conflicting goals of personal importance (e.g., safety). Research suggests that consumers cope with the negative emotion associated with these choices by avoiding certain behaviors, in particular attribute trade-off making. This research investigates a factor that moderates these coping effects. Four experiments show that simple cognitive load can make consumers less averse to making attribute trade-offs. This research demonstrates, counterintuitively, that a reduction of cognitive resources through increased load can result in more normative decision behavior. Load apparently disinhibits trade-off making by disrupting consumers' abilities to consider relevant self goal information and the negative emotional consequences of trading off something of personal importance, thereby reducing consumers' need to cope.
Distribution of radiation‐induced exchange aberrations in all human chromosomes

Purpose: To investigate the DNA‐proportional distribution of radiation‐induced chromosome aberrations for all chromosomes of a male and a female human karyotype. Materials and methods: Metaphases were prepared from whole blood cultures obtained from two healthy donors and set up after irradiation with 3 Gy 220 kV X‐rays. Single whole‐chromosome FISH painting simultaneously with pancentromeric DNA painting were performed separately for each chromosome of the human karyotype. One thousand exclusively first‐division metaphases were analysed per chromosome and donor. After statistical analysis, the data obtained were compared with theoretically expected values. Results: All aberration types (translocations, dicentrics) showed deviations from a DNA‐proportional distribution. For both donors, chromosomes 2 and 3 exhibited significantly less and chromosome 4 more symmetrical translocations than expected. Chromosomes 15 and 22 showed more symmetrical translocations than predicted for one of the two donors. Less dicentrics than expected became apparent for chromosomes 2, 3 and 18, while more dicentrics were seen for chromosomes 15, 16 and 17. Moreover, chromosomes 4, 14 and 22 showed a significant deviation from the theoretically expected 1:1 ratio of the yields of symmetrical translocations to the yields of dicentrics. Conclusion: The results from the whole‐chromosome complement in two different donors confirmed published data from the analysis of single chromosomes that some human chromosomes were not involved in radiation‐induced dicentrics and symmetrical translocations proportional to their DNA content. This must be taken into account if chromosome subsets for dose reconstruction are selected or if whole genomic frequencies have to be calculated from partial genome analysis.
Gait Recognition Using Multiple Projections

This paper presents a new method for automatic gait recognition based on analyzing the multiple projections to silhouette using principal components analysis (PCA). Binarized silhouette of a motion object is represented by 1-D signals which are the basic image features called the distance vectors. The distance vectors are differences between the bounding box and silhouette, and extracted using four projections to silhouette. Based on normalized correlation on the distance vectors, gait cycle estimation is first performed to extract the gait cycle. Second, an eigenspace transformation based on PCA is applied to time-varying distance vectors and the statistical distance based supervised pattern classification is then performed in the lower-dimensional eigenspace for human identification. A fusion strategy developed is finally executed to produce final decision. Experimental results on four databases demonstrate that the right person in top two matches 100% of the times for the cases where training and testing sets corresponds to the same walking styles, and in top three-four matches 100% of the times for training and testing sets corresponds to the different walking styles
Anytime Recognition of Objects and Scenes

Humans are capable of perceiving a scene at a glance, and obtain deeper understanding with additional time. Similarly, visual recognition deployments should be robust to varying computational budgets. Such situations require Anytime recognition ability, which is rarely considered in computer vision research. We present a method for learning dynamic policies to optimize Anytime performance in visual architectures. Our model sequentially orders feature computation and performs subsequent classification. Crucially, decisions are made at test time and depend on observed data and intermediate results. We show the applicability of this system to standard problems in scene and object recognition. On suitable datasets, we can incorporate a semantic back-off strategy that gives maximally specific predictions for a desired level of accuracy, this provides a new view on the time course of human visual perception.
Notes on the Life History of a Pot Sherd

This article discusses various life history approaches in archaeology: short life histories study the lives of things in the past (until they end up in the ground), long life histories study these lives going on until the present. Both approaches share the assumption that although people are free to give to a thing any meaning they want, their material essence necessarily remains unchanged. As an alternative, I present an ethnographic approach, studying the ‘life’ of a pot sherd on an excavation project. All the thing’s properties and characteristics, including its material identity and age, are taken to be the outcome of processes taking place in the present. The data presented shows in some detail how ‘momentary, fluid and flexible’ archaeological classifications and interpretations of material culture are. It emerges that the material identities ascribed to things are not their essential properties but the result of specific relationships of people and things: their very materiality is potentially multiple and has a history.
Social Characteristics of Early Adolescents

Interpretation and inference from previous adolescent studies of psy-chosocial development are both difficult and confusing. Inter-study dis-crepancies involving research paradigms, questions, designs, samples, and measurement have added to the confusion. Further, choosing differ-ent independent measures to address similar research questions has added to the problem. This study was designed to examine differences when using age or grade as the independent measure in studying psychosocial development among early adolescents. A number of findings are pre-sented which indicate that age is a more potent mediator of adolescent development than grade. All twelve psychological and social characteris-tics examined in this study support this contention.
Recommendations of the Italian Society of Rheumatology for the treatment of the primary large-vessel vasculitis with biological agents.

OBJECTIVES To provide recommendations on behalf of the Italian Society for Rheumatology for the off-label use of biologic agents in the treatment of large-vessel vasculitis. METHODS A panel of experts performed a literature search and selected the evidence relevant to the topic. The following five large-vessel vasculitides were considered: giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, primary angiitis of the central nervous system, Cogan's syndrome, and Adamantiades-Behçet's disease. RESULTS A consensus was achieved regarding the indication of biologic agents for the treatment of large-vessel vasculitis. Levels of evidence were assigned to the papers retrieved, and the strength of the recommendations was graded according to the levels of evidence. CONCLUSIONS These recommendations may be used for guidance in deciding which patients with large-vessel vasculitis should receive biologic therapy. Further updates of these recommendations may be published on the basis of the results of new clinical studies and of data from post-marketing surveillance.
Phosphatidylinositol 4-OH Kinase Is a Downstream Target of Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 in Enhancing Exocytosis in Neuroendocrine Cells*

Neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1), the mammalian orthologue of frequenin, belongs to a family of EF-hand-containing Ca2+ sensors. NCS-1/frequenin has been shown to enhance synaptic transmission in PC12 cells andDrosophila and Xenopus, respectively. However, the precise molecular mechanism for the enhancement of exocytosis is largely unknown. In PC12 cells, NCS-1 potentiated exocytosis evoked by ATP, an agonist to phospholipase C-linked receptors, but had no effect on depolarization-evoked release. NCS-1 also enhanced exocytosis triggered by ionomycin, a Ca2+ ionophore that bypasses K+ and Ca2+ channels. Overexpression of NCS-1 caused a shift in the dose-response curve of inhibition of ATP-evoked secretion using phenylarsine oxide, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 4-OH kinase (PI4K). Plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate pools were increased upon NCS-1 transfection as visualized using a phospholipase C-δ pleckstrin homology domain-green fluorescent protein construct. NCS-1-transfected cell extracts displayed increased phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate biosynthesis, indicating an increase in PI4K activity. Mutations in NCS-1 equivalent to those that abolish the interaction of recoverin, another EF-hand-containing Ca2+ sensor, with its downstream target rhodopsin kinase, lost their ability to enhance exocytosis. Taken together, the present data indicate that NCS-1 modulates the activity of PI4K, leading to increased levels of phosphoinositides and concomitant enhancement of exocytosis.
Help-seeking behaviour of student teachers

Background Student teachers struggle with a wide range of problems because they are lacking professional knowledge, inexperienced in dealing with colleagues and students, and unfamiliar with school environments. It is essential for the survival of student teachers to establish supportive relationships for professional and personal help. Traditional support mechanisms for student teachers, such as cooperating teachers and university supervising teachers, often fail to provide the needed help. Analysing student teachers' help-seeking behaviour provides an avenue to explore the support they received. Purpose The study investigates how student teachers seek assistance. Using a Help-seeking behaviour questionnaire, student teachers' critical problems and their efforts to find assistance are examined. Sample The participants were 40 student teachers in a secondary education teacher certificate programme at a university in Taipei, Taiwan. The participants belonged to a class of about 100 student teachers who did their internships at local junior and senior high schools. The participants were teaching in eight subjects, and about two-thirds were female. Every student teacher was assigned a supervising teacher from the university and a cooperating teacher at the placement school. Design and methods The questionnaire asked the student teachers to pick a critical problem that they had encountered during the previous week. They were asked to describe the problem, whom they asked for help, how many times and through which communication channel the help was provided. The questionnaire was administered during March and May 2001. Critical problems were sorted into categories. Frequencies and percentages of the help-seeking instances were accumulated for different people and problem categories. Results Some student teachers requested help many times; others made a limited number of requests. The number of requests ranged from 1 to 38 per problem, with an average of 12 requests per problem. Among the requests for help (n = 935), only 2% were directed to university supervisors. The student teachers sought help from the cooperating teacher 15% of the time, and 41% of the time they asked student teacher peers for assistance. About 90% of the communication was face to face, 9% was by phone and 1% was by email. The largest number of requests dealt with problems of individual students (19%). The second and third largest problem categories were administration and policy issues (16%) and lack of spare time (15%). Conclusions Peer support should be cultivated in teacher training programmes because peer student teachers' help was most frequently sought. Cooperating teachers and university supervising teachers' communication with student teachers can be improved. Various ways of contacting student teachers can be encouraged, but face-to-face communication must still be supported. It is important to keep finding new ways to assess the effectiveness of student teacher support. The results of the Help-seeking behaviour questionnaire can be used to examine the impact of programmes to improve student teaching.
Decreasing in-hospital mortality for oesophageal variceal hemorrhage in the USA

Background To date, no study has analyzed nationwide trends of in-hospital mortality related to oesophageal variceal hemorrhage in the USA. The aim of this study was to analyze trends of in-hospital mortality related to oesophageal variceal bleeding over the past two decades using a large national database. In addition, our aim was to study patient demographics and to identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality based on administrative data routinely collected in this population. Methods The nationwide inpatient sample database was used from 1988 to 2004. Patients with an International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, Clinical Modification discharge diagnosis of oesophageal variceal bleeding were included. Patient demographics, hospital, and admission characteristics were collected. t-test and Poisson regression analysis were used to evaluate trends. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between mortality and patient/hospital characteristics. Results From 1988 to 2004, crude in-hospital mortality decreased from 18 to 11.5%, whereas the age-adjusted in-hospital mortality rate decreased 45.4% from 1289 per 100 000 to 704 per 100 000 (P<0.01). Mortality was consistently higher for males and for African–Americans over the study period. For the 2001 dataset, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male sex, African–American race, age, large hospital size, urban location, teaching hospitals, and hospitals located in the northeast were independent risk factors for increased mortality. Conclusion The in-hospital mortality of patients with oesophageal variceal bleeding has decreased over the past two decades and is likely due to the advances made in the acute management of variceal bleeding as well as improved resuscitative methods. Male sex, African–American race, age, large hospital size, urban location, teaching hospitals, and hospitals located in the northeast are independent risk factors for increased in-hospital mortality.
`Risk is Part of Your Life': Risk Epistemologies Among a Group of Australians

Much has been written by important sociocultural theorists about the role played by risk in late modern societies, and some, like Beck and Giddens, have ventured to contend that industrial society is turning into `risk society'. Little empirical research has been conducted, however, that has sought to examine the speculations of grand theories about `risk society'. This article discusses findings from an Australian interview-based study that sought to elicit the participants' understandings of the notion of risk. Three major issues from the interviews are examined: the ways in which the participants defined `risk', the risks they nominated as most threatening to themselves and those they saw as threatening Australians in general. The findings reveal that the `risk society' thesis was supported in some ways. Other findings, however, challenged this thesis, including the participants' critique of government's role in protecting its citizens from risk, the ways in which many of them represented risk-taking as positive, their relative inattention to environmental risk and the role played by such factors as gender, age and sexual identity in structuring risk perceptions.
Dyslexia in Chinese language: An overview of research and practice

Dyslexia appears to be the most prevalent disability of students with special educational needs in many mainstream classes, affecting around 9.7% of the school population in Hong Kong. The education of these students is therefore of great concern to the community. In the present paper research into dyslexia in the Chinese language is briefly reviewed, with emphasis on the cognitive characteristics of dyslexia and its manifestations, in the hope that understanding the profiles of students with dyslexia may help to lay a solid foundation for assessment, curriculum development and intervention. Recent progress in the study of the cognitive deficits of Chinese-speaking readers with dyslexia in Hong Kong and the development of assessment and intervention framework for early identification and intervention is presented. These developments shed light on dyslexia in the Chinese language and provide grounds for further work on research and practice.
Development and application of 16S rRNA-targeted probes for detection of iron- and manganese-oxidizing sheathed bacteria in environmental samples

Comparative sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes from several Leptothrix and Sphaerotilus strains led to the design of an oligonucleotide probe (PS-1) based on a sequence within the hypervariable region 1 specific for four Leptothrix strains and for one of the four Sphaerotilus natans strains examined. Another probe (PSP-6) was based on a sequence within the hypervariable region 2. PSP-6 was specific for one of the two evolutionary lineages previously described for Leptothrix spp. (P. L. Siering and W. C. Ghiorse, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:173-182, 1996). Fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotide probes were synthesized, and their specificity for fluorescence in situ hybridization identification was confirmed by a laser scanning microscopy technique (W. C. Ghiorse, D. N. Miller, R. L. Sandoli, and P. L. Siering, Microsc. Res. Tech. 33:73-86, 1996) to compare whole-cell hybridizations of closely related bacteria. Probe specificity was also tested in dot blot against total RNA isolated from four Leptothrix strains, four Sphaerotilus strains, and 15 other members of the class Proteobacteria. When the probes were tested on samples from the Sapsucker Woods wetland habitat where Leptothrix spp. are thought to play a role in manganese and iron oxidation, positive signals were obtained from several sheathed filamentous bacteria including some that were morphologically similar to previously isolated strains of "Leptothrix discophora. " Other unknown filamentous sheathed bacteria also gave strong positive signals. This work provides a foundation for future studies correlating the presence of members of the Leptothrix-Sphaerotilus group of sheathed bacteria with manganese and iron oxidation activity in habitats where biological iron and manganese oxidation are important environmental processes.
The Effects of Co-Worker Simiilarity on the Emergence of Affect in Work Teams

The present study examined the impact of various types of co-worker similarity (demographic, value, and behavioral style preference) on the evolution of co-worker affect Data were collected in conjunction with a 4-week training program designed to provide executive training and development to senior-level executives. Study participants were 43 senior-level managers enrolled in the program. These managers were assigned to five- or six-person case study teams as a part of the training. At three times during the 4-week program, team members rated each other on social liking, co-worker preference, and behavioral attributions (190 dyadic pairs were used in the analyses). Similarity in demographic characteristics and in behavioral style preferences contributed significantly to the prediction of liking and co-worker preference. All three types of similarity predicted various attributions and perceptions, although the pattern of prediction changed over time. The results and possibilities for future research are discussed.
Hydrodynamic and kinetic study of cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei with pellet morphology

Numerical simulations and experimental validation were performed to understand the effects of hydrodynamics on pellet formation and cellulase production by filamentous T. reesei. The constructed model combined a steady‐state multiple reference frame (MRF) approach describing mechanical mixing, oxygen mass transfer, and non‐Newtonian flow field with a transient sliding mesh approach and kinetics of oxygen consumption, pellet formation, and enzyme production. The model was experimentally validated at various agitation speeds in a two‐impeller Rushton turbine fermentor. Results from simulation and experimentation showed that higher agitation speeds led to increases in the pellet diameter and the proportion of pelletized (vs. filamentous) forms of the biomass. It also led to increase in dissolved oxygen mass transfer rate in shear‐thinning fluid and cellulase productivity. The extent of these increases varied considerably among agitation speeds. Pellet formation and morphology were presumably affected within a viscosity‐dependent shear‐rate range. Cellulase activity and cell viability were shown to be sensitive to impeller shear. A maximum cellulase activity of 3.5 IU/mL was obtained at 400 rpm, representing a twofold increase over that at 100 rpm. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1755–1768. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.