Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Youth Perceptions on Cyberbullying (การรับรู้ของเยาวชนต่อการรังแกในพื้นที่ไซเบอร์ )

This qualitative study focused on the perceptions youth have about cyberbullying – its definition, types, causes, impact and ways of managing it. The data were collected from 15-24 year old youth in Central Thailand through 22 focus groups with 4-6 participants each, as well as 26 in-depth interviews, totaling 136 participants. Findings indicated that youth view cyberbullying as harming others through mobile phones and the Internet. The actions must cause real harm and annoyance to the person they are done to, and be done with intention to harm, to count as cyberbullying. The relationship between the parties involved is a further consideration. Types of cyberbullying perceived by youth include verbal abuse and attacks over the Internet or mobile phone, online sexual harassment, impersonation of others to harm them, and online hate groups. The youth studied viewed that the anonymity of cyberspace is a key cause of cyberbullying; they also considered cyberbullying to be a continuation of previous offline violence incidents. In their view, cyberbullying impacts both on the individual and on their social interactions. They thought they would manage the problem by themselves or perhaps consult their friends, but not their parents. A cause for concern is that they viewed cyberbullying as an ordinary matter. Keywords: cyberbullying, perception, youth violence บทคดยอ การวจยเชงคณภาพครงนมวตถประสงคศกษาเกยวกบการรบรของเยาวชนตอการรงแกในพนทไซเบอร ในแงของความหมาย รปแบบ สาเหต ผลกระทบ และวธการจดการกบปญหาการรงแกในพนทไซเบอร เกบรวบรวมขอมลจากกลมเยาวชนทอยในชวงอายระหวาง 15-24 ป ในภาคกลาง โดยใชวธการสนทนากลมๆ ละ 4-6 คนจำนวน 22 กลม และสมภาษณเชงลกจำนวน 26 คน รวมทงสน 136 คน ผลการศกษาพบวา เยาวชนใหความหมายตอการรงแกในพนทไซเบอรวาหมายถง การใชโทรศพทมอถอหรออนเทอรเนตในการทำรายกน ซงการรงแกในพนทไซเบอรมมตทสำคญคอตองสรางความเสยหาย และสรางความรำคาญตอผถกกระทำ ทงนขนอยกบเจตนาของผกระทำ และความสมพนธระหวางผกระทำกบผถกกระทำ รปแบบของการรงแกทรบรประกอบดวย การโจมตหรอใชวาจาหยาบคายผานอนเทอรเนตและโทรศพทมอถอ การคกคามทางเพศออนไลน การแอบอางชอหรอตวตนของผอนเพอใหราย รวมไปถงการสรางกลมขนมาเพอโจมตบคคลอน สวนสาเหตของการรงแกในพนทไซเบอรนนเยาวชนรบรวาเกดจากความเปนนรนามของพนทไซเบอร ความงายและสะดวกในการรงแกกน และเปนผลทตอเนองมาจากการเกดความรนแรงในพนทจรง ผลกระทบจากการรงแกในพนทไซเบอรกจะสงผลกระทบทงในระดบบคคล และระดบปฏสมพนธทางสงคม ในแงของการจดการปญหาดงกลาวพบวาเยาวชนมการรบรวาจะจดการปญหานดวยตวของตวเอง หรออาจมการปรกษาเพอนๆ บาง แตจะไมปรกษาผปกครอง และประเดนทตองตระหนกคอปญหาเกยวกบการรงแกในพนทไซเบอรถกมองวาเปนเรองปกตธรรมดาในสายตาของเยาวชน คำสำคญ: การรงแกในพนทไซเบอร, การรบร, ความรนแรงในเยาวชน
Skeletal anabolism, PTH, and the bone–vascular axis

Bone formation never occurs without vascular interactions(1–3). This obvious and simple statement of biological fact does not do justice to the physiological and pharmacological implications of the relationship. The vasculature is of course the conduit for calcium phosphate and nutrient exchange between bone and the rest of the body; this is relevant not only to the rapidly mobilization of skeletal calcium when urgently needed(4) but also the delivery of metabolic substrate to the basic multicellular unit (BMU) for bone–forming osteoblast functions(5). However, the vasculature also provides the sustentacular niche for osteoblast progenitors(6) --- and is the conduit for egress of bone marrow – derived formed elements from the osteoblast-regulated hematopoietic niche(7). Indeed, Ignarro and colleagues have coupled PTH-mediated bone anabolism with G-CSF treatment as a strategy to mobilize endothelial progenitor cells (ePCs) and enhance ischemic limb recovery in mice(8). Surprisingly, the inextricable interdependence of vascular physiology, skeletogenesis, bone remodeling, and mineral metabolism has escaped widespread appreciation until very recently. Studies by Clemens et al established that the constitutive elaboration of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) by osteoblasts increases bone formation via mechanisms that require expansion of skeletal vascularity(9). They went on to show that pharmacologic augmentation of endogenous skeletal VEGF production accelerates skeletal repair during distraction osteogenesis(10). Exogenous VEGF implants exhibit similar properties in critical bone defects(11). However, the regulation of bone vascular biology and anatomy in response to metabolic, morphogenetic, mechanical, inflammatory, and endocrine cues is very poorly understood. A fundamental understanding of bone-vascular interactions will be necessary to develop new strategies that safely and efficaciously enhance bone formation in the settings of malignancy, fracture non-union, the open epiphyses of childhood, and the arteriosclerotic vasculopathy of diabetes, uremia, rheumatoid arthritis, and advanced age.
Management of haematemesis and melaena

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical emergency which carries hospital mortality in excess of 10%. The most important causes are peptic ulcer and varices. Varices are treated by endoscopic band ligation or injection sclerotherapy and management of the underlying liver disease. Ulcers with major stigmata are treated by injection with dilute adrenaline, thrombin, or fibrin glue; application of heat using the heater probe, multipolar electrocoagulation, or Argon plasma coagulation; or endoclips. Intravenous omeprazole reduces the risk of re-bleeding in ulcer patients undergoing endoscopic therapy. Repeat endoscopic therapy or operative surgery are required if bleeding recurs.
Telework and organizational citizenship behaviors: The underexplored roles of social identity and professional isolation

TELEWORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIORS: THE UNDEREXPLORED ROLES OF SOCIAL IDENTITY AND PROFESSIONAL ISOLATION by Lauren Mondo Kane Advisor: Professor Kristin Sommer Although telework—a flexible work arrangement in which employees work from a remote location at least some of the time—has been increasing in practice, little research has investigated its implications for employee behaviors and performance. The main focus of this study was to identify the mediating processes that explain the relationship between telework frequency and OCB performance, and to determine whether personality moderates the psychological consequences of teleworking. Survey data were collected from 286 teleworkers and 62 of their coworkers across organizations from a range of industries, jobs, and locations. Coworkers were recruited in order to assess teleworkers’ OCBs, but OCBs were also measured via teleworkers’ self-reports, as coworker ratings were more difficult to obtain. Two mediational processes were investigated: teleworkers’ perceptions of professional isolation, and their identification with their work group and their organization. Individual differences in proactive personality and need to belong were also assessed. Hypotheses positioning professional isolation and identification as partial mediators of the telework-OCB link were not supported. Also contrary to predictions, the personality variables of proactive personality and need to belong did not moderate the relationship between telework and these proposed mediators. However, a serial
Dark Ionic Flux and the Effects of Light in Isolated Rod Outer Segments

We have determined the permeability properties of freshly isolated frog rod outer segments by observing their osmotic behavior in a simple continuous flow apparatus. Outer segments obtained by gently shaking a retina are sensitive but nonideal osmometers; a small restoring force prevents them from shrinking or swelling quite as much as expected for ideal behavior. We find that Na+, Cl-, No3 -, glycerol, acetate, and ammonium rapidly enter the outer segment, but K+, SO4 =, and melezitose appear impermeable. The Na flux is rectified; for concentration gradients in the physiological range, 2 x 109 Na+ ions/sec enter the outer segment, but we detect no efflux of Na+, under our conditions, when the gradient is reversed. Illumination of the outer segment produces a specific increase in the resistance to Na+ influx, but has no effect on the flux of other solutes. This light-dependent Na+ resistance increases linearly with the number of rhodopsin molecules bleached. We find that excitation of a single rhodopsin molecule produces a transient (∼1 sec) "photoresistance" which reduces the Na+ influx by about 1%, thus preventing the entry of about 107 Na+ ions. At considerably higher light levels, a stable afterimage resistance appears which reduces the Na influx by one-half when 106 rhodopsin molecules are bleached per rod. We have incorporated these findings into a model for the electrophysiological characteristics of the receptor.
Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook. f. and Thoms. (Guduchi) – validation of the Ayurvedic pharmacology through experimental and clinical studies

T. cordifolia (Guduchi) is a large, glabrous, perennial, deciduous, climbing shrub of weak and fleshy stem found throughout India. It is a widely used plant in folk and Ayurvedic systems of medicine. The chemical constituents reported from this shrub belong to different classes, such as alkaloids, diterpenoid lactones, glycosides, steroids, sesquiterpenoid, phenolics, aliphatic compounds and polysaccharides. Various properties of T. cordifolia, described in ancient texts of Ayurveda, like Rasayana, Sangrahi, Balya, Agnideepana, Tridoshshamaka, Dahnashaka, Mehnashaka, Kasa-swasahara, Pandunashaka, Kamla-Kushta-Vataraktanashaka, Jwarhara, Krimihara, Prameha, Arshnashaka, Kricch-Hridroganashak, etc., are acquiring scientific validity through modern research adopting "reverse pharmacological" approach. Potential medicinal properties reported by scientific research include anti-diabetic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-stress, anti-leprotic, antimalarial, hepato-protective, immuno-modulatory and anti-neoplastic activities. This review brings together various properties and medicinal uses of T. cordifolia described in Ayurveda, along with phytochemical and pharmacological reports.
Computing All Distinct Squares in Linear Time for Integer Alphabets

Given a string on an integer alphabet, we present an algorithm that computes the set of all distinct squares belonging to this string in time linear to the string length. As an application, we show how to compute the tree topology of the minimal augmented suffix tree in linear time. Asides from that, we elaborate an algorithm computing the longest previous table in a succinct representation using compressed working space.
Hyperbolic Polynomials and Convex Analysis

Abstract A homogeneous real polynomial $p$ is hyperbolic with respect to a given vector $d$ if the univariate polynomial $t\,\mapsto \,p(x\,-\,td)$ has all real roots for all vectors $x$ . Motivated by partial differential equations, Gårding proved in 1951 that the largest such root is a convex function of $x$ , and showed various ways of constructing new hyperbolic polynomials. We present a powerful new such construction, and use it to generalize Gårding’s result to arbitrary symmetric functions of the roots. Many classical and recent inequalities follow easily. We develop various convex-analytic tools for such symmetric functions, of interest in interior-point methods for optimization problems over related cones.
Efficacy and Safety of Platelet Glycoprotein Receptor Blockade in Aged and Comorbid Mice With Acute Experimental Stroke

Background and Purpose— Despite the medical and socioeconomic effect of ischemic stroke and extensive preclinical research, treatment options for ischemic stroke are limited. We recently identified and characterized essential steps of thrombus formation in stroke and demonstrated that inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein (GP) receptors Ib and VI, but not IIb/IIIa, protects young and healthy mice from ischemic neurodegeneration. Whether these findings translate to the clinic remains unclear. Considering that the typical stroke patient is elderly with comorbidity, we aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of novel preclinical antithrombotics in adult and comorbid mice with acute experimental stroke. Methods— We subjected adult, healthy, atherosclerotic (Ldlr−/−), diabetic (streptozotocin treated), and hypertensive (RenTgMK) mice to a 60-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Animals were pretreated with anti-GPVI antibodies or treated 1 hour after stroke induction with anti-GPIb or anti-GPIIb/IIIa antigen–binding fragments, respectively. Isotype treatment served as control. Twenty-four hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, we visually assessed the intracerebral hemorrhage rate and measured infarct volumes (using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride–stained brain slices) and functional outcome (using Bederson and grip-test scores). Results— GPIb and GPVI inhibition protected the mice from ischemic stroke without increasing bleeding complications. In contrast, GPIIb/IIIa inhibition was not protective but increased the intracerebral hemorrhage rate. Conclusions— Inhibition of early steps of thrombus formation protects adult and comorbid mice from ischemic stroke. The use of clinically meaningful mouse strains might improve the translation of preclinical stroke research to the clinic.
Hope matters to the glycemic control of adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes

This study investigated the association of hope and its factors with depression and glycemic control in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes. A total of 113 patients were invited to participate. Significant negative correlations were found between hope and HbA1c and also between hope and depression. Hope showed a significant association with HbA1c and depression in the stepwise regression model. Among the hope factors, “inner positive expectancy” was significantly associated with HbA1c and depression. This study supports that hope matters to glycemic control and depression. Intervention strategies focusing on hope should be further explored.
The Oxford Handbook of Panel Data

The Oxford Handbook of Panel Data examines new developments in the theory and applications of panel data. It includes basic topics like non-stationary panels, co-integration in panels, multifactor panel models, panel unit roots, measurement error in panels, incidental parameters and dynamic panels, spatial panels, nonparametric panel data, random coefficients, treatment effects, sample selection, count panel data, limited dependent variable panel models, unbalanced panel models with interactive effects and influential observations in panel data. Contributors to the Handbook explore applications of panel data to a wide range of topics in economics, including health, labor, marketing, trade, productivity, and macro applications in panels. This Handbook is an informative and comprehensive guide for both those who are relatively new to the field and for those wishing to extend their knowledge to the frontier. It is a trusted and definitive source on panel data, having been edited by Professor Badi Baltagi-widely recognized as one of the foremost econometricians in the area of panel data econometrics. Professor Baltagi has successfully recruited an all-star cast of experts for each of the well-chosen topics in the Handbook. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordhandbooks. com/oso/public/content/oho_economics/9780199940042/toc.html Contributors to this volume - Jushan Bai Badi H. Baltagi Joerg Breitung Georges Bresson Maurice J. G. Bun A. Colin Cameron In Choi Alexander Chudik Peter Egger William Greene Jiaqi Hao Stephanie von Hinke Kessler Scholder Cheng Hsiao Andrew Jones Michael Keane Thomas J. Kniesner Michael Lechner Lung-fei Lee Myoung-jae Lee Qi Li Yuan Liao Erik Meijer Hyungsik Roger Moon Benoit Perron Hashem Pesaran Michael Pfaffermayr Peter C.B. Phillips Vasilis Sarafidis Chenjun Shang Robin C. Sickles Laura Spierdijk Yiguo Sun Pravin K. Trivedi Tom Wansbeek Jisheng Yang Jihai Yu Yu Yvette Zhang James P. Ziliak
Global Sport: Identities, Societies, Civilizations

Preface. Introduction: Sports, Local Cultures and Global Processes. Part I: Conceptual and Theoretical Issues:. 1. Theorizing Sport in the Global Process. 2. Globalisation, Process Sociology and Cross-Cultural-Civilisation Analysis. 3. Globalisation, Civilising Offensives and Sportization Processes. 4. The Global Sports Formation: Meaning, Power and Control. Part II: The Globalisation of Sport and its Consequences. 5. Global Trails, Migrant Labour and Elite Sport Cultures. 6. The Sports Industry, Global Commodity Chains and Sustainable Sport. 7. The Global Media-Sport Complex. 8. Global Sport, Identity Politics and Patriot Games. Conclusion: Diminishing Contrasts, Increasing Varieties - Towards a Global Sports Culture or the Globalisation of Sports? Bibliography. Index.
Self-referential processing in Alzheimer's disease: Two different ways of processing self-knowledge?

Two previous studies showed that self-reference encoding had no effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' recollective experience when it was compared to other-reference encoding, whereas it did have an effect when it was compared to semantic processing, but only for emotional trait adjectives. In the present study, the performance of 22 AD patients was compared with that of 21 normal controls on a task involving recognition of emotional versus neutral adjective traits following self-reference versus other-reference encoding, using the remember/know/guess paradigm. Results showed that although AD patients had a positive explicit view of themselves, their self became salient for negative adjective traits only. We concluded that there might exist two ways of processing self-referential knowledge in human cognition: one explicit and the other more implicit.
In pursuit of an intercultural dimension in EFL-teaching : exploring cognitions among Finland-Swedish comprehensive school teachers

This thesis is about the educational purpose of foreign language teaching (FLT) in an increasingly internationalised world. The past 20-30 years have witnessed a fundamental rethinking of the aims of FLT, entailing a shift in emphasis from linguistic competence over communicative competence to intercultural competence. The growing emphasis on cultural issues, called for by research and international curricular documents, places new demands on
Despeckle Filtering Algorithms and Software for Ultrasound Imaging

Abstract It is well-known that speckle is a multiplicative noise that degrades image quality and the visual evaluation in ultrasound imaging. This necessitates the need for robust despeckling techniques for both routine clinical practice and teleconsultation. The goal for this book is to introduce the theoretical background (equations), the algorithmic steps, and the MATLAB™ code for the following group of despeckle filters: linear filtering, nonlinear filtering, anisotropic diffusion filtering and wavelet filtering. The book proposes a comparative evaluation framework of these despeckle filters based on texture analysis, image quality evaluation metrics, and visual evaluation by medical experts, in the assessment of cardiovascular ultrasound images recorded from the carotid artery. The results of our work presented in this book, suggest that the linear local statistics filter DsFlsmv, gave the best performance, followed by the nonlinear geometric filter DsFgf4d, and the linear homogeneous mask area filte.
Racial Discrimination, Ethnic Identity, and Depression among Cambodian American Adolescents

Racial discrimination has emerged as a risk factor for poor health and well-being, and recent evidence has highlighted racial discrimination's effects on adolescent adjustment. Still, little is known about the nature of race-based discriminatory experiences for various ethnic groups and their respective mental health consequences. Research suggests that identification with one's racial or ethnic community can potentially buffer racial discrimination's negative consequences and serves as an important factor in the development of children and youth of color. The present study investigates racial discrimination and ethnic identity as they relate to mental health for Cambodian American adolescents. Guided by theoretical perspectives that include the integrative model, stress process, and risk and resilience theory, this research had four primary research aims: (1) to examine the relationship between racial discrimination in multiple contexts and depression, (2) to investigate whether ethnic identity protects against the influence of racial discrimination on depression, (3) to explore factors associated with racial discrimination, and (4) to analyze factors associated with ethnic identity. The analyses examined cross-sectional data from a survey of 418 Cambodian American adolescents residing in Southern California. The survey data derive from a larger research project using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) framework, wherein Cambodian American youth and adult community members helped shape the purpose, process, and dissemination of the research. Secondary data analyses included multiple imputation to address missing data and multivariate analyses examining direct and indirect effects of primary study variables. The results indicated that Cambodian American adolescents experience racial discrimination in multiple contexts--from peers, in school, and in the community--and further, that these discriminatory experiences were associated with depression. However, neither ethnic identity nor centrality and public regard subfactors moderated the association between racial discrimination and depression using post-imputation data. Furthermore, being male, having greater ethnic identification, and lower perceived socioeconomic status were associated with racial discrimination in various contexts. In addition, proficiency in Khmer (Cambodian) language was linked to elevated levels of both centrality and ethnic identity as a whole. In contrast, being older was associated with less centrality of ethnic identity. The findings suggest that experiences with racial discrimination are multidimensional in nature and detract from mental health for Cambodian American adolescents. The study findings have implications for future interventions and prevention efforts by targeting specific settings that may expose adolescents to discrimination. Furthermore, the findings underscore the need to examine individuals' own perceptions of racial discrimination and how they may relate to mental health.
Theta Oscillation Reveals the Temporal Involvement of Different Attentional Networks in Contingent Reorienting

In the visual world, rapidly reorienting to relevant objects outside the focus of attention is vital for survival. This ability from the interaction between goal-directed and stimulus-driven attentional control is termed contingent reorienting. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated activations of the ventral and dorsal attentional networks (DANs) which exhibit right hemisphere dominance, but the temporal dynamics of the attentional networks still remain unclear. The present study used event-related potential (ERP) to index the locus of spatial attention and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) to acquire the time-frequency information during contingent reorienting. The ERP results showed contingent reorienting induced significant N2pc on both hemispheres. In contrast, our time-frequency analysis found further that, unlike the N2pc, theta oscillation during contingent reorienting differed between hemispheres and experimental sessions. The inter-trial coherence (ITC) of the theta oscillation demonstrated that the two sides of the attentional networks became phase-locked to contingent reorienting at different stages. The left attentional networks were associated with contingent reorienting in the first experimental session whereas the bilateral attentional networks play a more important role in this process in the subsequent session. This phase-locked information suggests a dynamic temporal evolution of the involvement of different attentional networks in contingent reorienting and a potential role of the left ventral network in the first session.