Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FINE-SCALE GENETIC STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION IN FEMALE WHITE-TAILED DEER

Abstract Social behavior of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can have important management implications. The formation of matrilineal social groups among female deer has been documented and management strategies have been proposed based on this well-developed social structure. Using radiocollared (n = 17) and hunter or vehicle-killed (n = 21) does, we examined spatial and genetic structure in white-tailed deer on a 7,000-ha portion of the Savannah River Site in the upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA. We used 14 microsatellite DNA loci to calculate pairwise relatedness among individual deer and to assign doe pairs to putative relationship categories. Linear distance and genetic relatedness were weakly correlated (r = −0.08, P = 0.058). Relationship categories differed in mean spatial distance, but only 60% of first-degree-related doe pairs (full sibling or mother–offspring pairs) and 38% of second-degree-related doe pairs (half sibling, grandmother–granddaughter pairs) were members of the same social group based on spatial association. Heavy hunting pressure in this population has created a young age structure among does, where the average age is < 2.5 years, and < 4% of does are > 4.5 years old. This—combined with potentially elevated dispersal among young does—could limit the formation of persistent, cohesive social groups. Our results question the universal applicability of recently proposed models of spatial and genetic structuring in white-tailed deer, particularly in areas with differing harvest histories.
Synchronization of visual responses in the superior colliculus of awake cats

Multi-unit responses to moving stimuli were recorded simultaneously from several sites in the superior colliculus of awake cats. Correlation analysis revealed that response synchronization was a prominent feature of visually evoked neural activity in both superficial and deep collicular layers. Responses at about half of the recordings separated by ⩽ 1 mm showed significant correlations. The synchronized responses oscillated in the gamma frequency range (30–70 Hz) which contrasts to conditions in anaesthetized cats where oscillations predomi- nantly occurred in the alpha and beta frequency range (10–20 Hz). Response synchronization was most pronounced with coherent motion stimuli and broke down with incoherent stimuli. These results agree with previous findings on corticotectal synchronization and support the hypothesis that synchronization in the millisecond range serves to group collicular neurons into functionally coherent assemblies.
Comparison of Medical Subject Headings and text-word searches in MEDLINE to retrieve studies on sleep in healthy individuals.

OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the performance of two search strategies in the retrieval of primary research papers containing descriptive information on the sleep of healthy people from MEDLINE. METHODOLOGY Two search strategies-one based on the use of only Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), the second based on text-word searching-were evaluated as to their specificity and sensitivity in retrieving a set of relevant research papers published in the journal Sleep from 1996 to 2001 that were preselected by a hand search. RESULTS The subject search provided higher specificity than the text-word search (66% and 47%, respectively) but lower sensitivity (78% for the subject search versus 88% for the text-word search). Each search strategy gave some unique relevant hits. CONCLUSIONS The two search strategies complemented each other and should be used together for maximal retrieval. No combination of MeSH terms could provide comprehensive yet reasonably precise retrieval of relevant articles. The text-word searching had sensitivity and specificity comparable to the subject search. In addition, use of text words "normal," "healthy," and "control" in the title or abstract fields to limit the final sets provided an efficient way to increase the specificity of both search strategies.
Measurement of cerebral hemodynamics with perfusion-weighted MR imaging: comparison with pre- and post-acetazolamide 133Xe-SPECT in occlusive carotid disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We generated regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies from dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MR images after an intravenous bolus injection of contrast agent (perfusion-weighted imaging [PWI]) by applying indicator dilution theory. We used a multishot echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence to obtain adequate arterial input function (AIF). Our purpose was to compare the cerebral hemodynamics measured by PWI with the rCBF values and cerebral perfusion reserve obtained by xenon-133 single-photon emission CT (133Xe-SPECT). METHODS Eight patients with chronic internal carotid artery occlusion or stenosis were examined. PWI data were acquired using a multishot EPI sequence, and the AIF was determined automatically. Our procedure was based on indicator dilution theory and deconvolution analysis. To eliminate the effect of superficial vessels, the automatic threshold selection method was used. RESULTS AIF was adequate to generate rCBF and rCBV images. The rCBF and rCBV images by PWI were superior to 133Xe-SPECT scans in spatial resolution, and the rCBF values obtained by PWI correlated well with those obtained by 133Xe-SPECT. The regions with severely decreased perfusion reserve, which were determined by pre- and post-acetazolamide 133Xe-SPECT, showed significantly lower rCBF and higher rCBV by PWI than did regions with normal and moderately decreased perfusion reserve. CONCLUSION The rCBF and rCBV images generated by our procedure using PWI data appear to provide important clinical information for evaluating the degree of cerebral perfusion reserve impairment in patients with chronic ischemia.
An efficient method for market risk management under multivariate extreme value theory approach∗

This paper develops an efficient multivariate extreme-value approach to calculating Value at Risk (VaR) and expected shortfall. It is based on the notion that some key results of the univariate extreme value theory can be applied separately to a set of orthogonal random variables, provided they are independent and identically distributed. Such random variables can be constructed from the principal components of ARMA-GARCH conditional residuals of a multivariate return series. The model’s forecasting ability is then tested on a portfolio of foreign currencies. The results indicate that the generalized Pareto distribution of peeks over treshold of residuals performs well in capturing extreme events. In particular, model backtesting shows that the proposed multivariate approach yields more precise VaR forecasts than the usual methods based on conditional normality, conditional t-distribution or historical simulation, while maintaining the efficiency of conventional multivariate methods. ∗I am grateful to Manuel Moreno, José M. Maŕın, Mats Hansson and participants of the European Financial Management Association 2010 Annual Conference for their useful comments and suggestions. The usual disclaimer applies. †Email address: milos.bozovic@cif.co.rs
Association between GABRA1 and drinking behaviors in the collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism sample.

BACKGROUND A wealth of literature supports the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in neurobiological pathways contributing to alcohol dependence and related phenotypes. Animal studies have consistently tied rodent homologs of the GABAA receptor genes on human chromosome 5q to alcohol-related behaviors; however, human studies have produced mixed results. Family-based association analyses previously conducted in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) sample yielded no evidence of association with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-fourth edition (DSM-IV) alcohol dependence and these genes. As a follow-up to that study, we examined several alcohol-related behaviors in the COGA sample as follows: (1) a broader definition of alcohol dependence, including DSM-III-R symptoms and Feighner criteria (referred to as COGA alcohol dependence); (2) withdrawal; (3) history of alcohol-induced blackouts; (4) level of response to alcohol; (5) age of onset of regular drinking; and (6) age at first drunkenness. METHODS Family-based association tests were conducted, using multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each of the 4 GABAA receptor genes on chromosome 5q. RESULTS In GABRA1, we found evidence of association with several of the drinking behavior phenotypes, including COGA alcohol dependence, history of blackouts, age at first drunkenness, and level of response to alcohol. We did not find consistent evidence of association with the remaining genes and any of the phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence for association between GABRA1 and COGA alcohol dependence, history of blackouts, age at first drunkenness, and level of response to alcohol. These analyses suggest that efforts to characterize genetic contributions to alcohol dependence may benefit by examining alcohol-related behaviors in addition to clinical alcohol dependence diagnoses.
Detection and analysis of hair

We develop computational models for measuring hair appearance for comparing different people. The models and methods developed have applications to person recognition and image indexing. An automatic hair detection algorithm is described and results reported. A multidimensional representation of hair appearance is presented and computational algorithms are described. Results on a data set of 524 subjects are reported. Identification of people using hair attributes is compared to eigenface-based recognition along with a joint, eigenface-hair-based identification
A quantized filtering scheme for multi-sensor linear state estimation with non-detectability at the sensors and fusion center feedback

In this paper we consider state estimation of a discrete time linear system using multiple sensors, where the sensors quantize their individual innovations, which are then combined at the fusion center to form a global state estimate. It is assumed that detectability does not hold for at least one of the sensors. By allowing the fusion center to broadcast some information back to the sensors, full state estimates can be obtained at the sensors, even without detectability. We prove the stability of the estimation scheme under sufficiently high bit rates, and obtain asymptotic approximations for the error covariance matrix that relates the system parameters and quantization levels used by the different sensors.
Characterization of DNA excreted from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes

The DNA released into the culture medium after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes has been purified and characterized. It is double stranded, sediments at 7-8S in alkaline sucrose, and has a Tm determined optically and by thermal elution from hydroxyapatite that is substantially lower than that found for lymphocyte cell DNA. Media DNA contains a major component reassociating with an average Cot-1/2 of 87 mol X s/liter, compared to a Cot-1/2 of 770 mol X s/liter for the unique fraction of cell DNA as measured by reassociation in 0.6 M Na+. This component of media DNA consists of unique sequence elements which are largely shared in media DNA preparations from cultures derived from different cell donors. The marked difference between media DNA and cell DNA indicates that media DNA is not derived from cell death and lysis, rather than some unique portion of lymphocyte DNA is apparently excreted from the cells during PHA-stimulated growth.
At Home on the Street: People, Poverty, and a Hidden Culture of Homelessness

Introduction: Homelessness in the United States. Accessing a Hidden Population. Describing Those Who Are Homeless. Causes of Homelessness. Urban Space and Relations on the Street. The Complex Dispositions of Those on the Street. Street Identities and Creative Resistance. Business, Politics, and the Moving Ghetto. Homeless Services: Healing the Sick. Religious Approaches: Saving Souls. Conclusion: Improving Research, Improving Policy.
Clinical Relevance of Coronary Fractional Flow Reserve: Art-of-state

Objective: The objective was to delineate the current knowledge of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in terms of definition, features, clinical applications, and pitfalls of measurement of FFR. Data Sources: We searched database for primary studies published in English. The database of National Library of Medicine (NLM), MEDLINE, and PubMed up to July 2014 was used to conduct a search using the keyword term “FFR”. Study Selection: The articles about the definition, features, clinical application, and pitfalls of measurement of FFR were identified, retrieved, and reviewed. Results: Coronary pressure-derived FFR rapidly assesses the hemodynamic significance of individual coronary artery lesions and can readily be performed in the catheterization laboratory. The use of FFR has been shown to effectively guide coronary revascularization procedures leading to improved patient outcomes. Conclusions: FFR is a valuable tool to determine the functional significance of coronary stenosis. It combines physiological and anatomical information, and can be followed immediately by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) if necessary. The technique of FFR measurement can be performed easily, rapidly, and safely in the catheterization laboratory. By systematic use of FFR in dubious stenosis and multi-vessel disease, PCI can be made an even more effective and better treatment than it is currently. The current clinical evidence for FFR should encourage cardiologists to use this tool in the catheterization laboratory.
Decrease alpha waves in depression: An electroencephalogram(EEG) study

There was no affirm study that differentiates the brainwaves between depression subjects and healthy subjects until today. Hyperactivity and low activity of the brain activities in various parts and regions could be evaluated and studied though the brainwaves measured from the electroencephalogram (EEG). The losing ability of the brain to transmit signals and information that caused a person to be depressed makes a person influences their normal daily activities. Depression is a mood disorder which may affect our daily work, sleep, eating habits and general health. Therefore, it is a general term and commonly infected by anyone. The aim of this study was to determine the differences of alpha waves between normal and depression groups. Throughout the research, depression screening measurements of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were taken into accounts in order to identify the normal and depression groups. A total of 4 normal subjects and 4 depressed subjects participated in this study. A 32 channels EEG was used to detect the difference of alpha waves in depression and normal groups. The alpha waves in depression group were found out to be lower compared to the normal group in both close eyes and open eyes conditions. The T-Test statistical analysis shown that there were significant differences in the alpha-1 waves in close eyes condition and alpha 1 and alpha-2 waves in the open eyes condition for depression group. In addition, the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and temporal lobe had found out to have much lower alpha waves in the depression group compared to the normal group. In short, by measuring the alpha waves of a person using EEG may be a biomarker in differentiating a healthy or depressed person in the future.
Fermentation of Barley by Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Examination of Barley as a Feedstock for Bioethanol Production and Value-Added Products

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the ethanol yield potential of three barley varieties (Xena, Bold, and Fibar) in comparison to two benchmarks, corn and wheat. Very high gravity (VHG; 30% solids) fermentations using both conventional and Stargen 001 enzymes for starch hydrolysis were carried out as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The grains and their corresponding dried distiller's grain with solubles (DDGS) were also analyzed for nutritional and value-added characteristics. A VHG traditional fermentation approach utilizing jet-cooking fermentation revealed that both dehulled Bold and Xena barley produced ethanol concentrations higher than that produced by wheat (12.3, 12.2, and 11.9%, respectively) but lower than that produced by corn (13.8%). VHG-modified Stargen-based fermentation of dehulled Bold barley demonstrated comparable performance (14.3% ethanol) relative to that of corn (14.5%) and wheat (13.3%). Several important components were found to survive fermentation and were concentrated in DDGS. The highest yield of phenolics was detected in the DDGS (modified Stargen 001, 20% solids) of Xena (14.6 mg of gallic acid/g) and Bold (15.0 mg of gallic acid/g) when the hull was not removed before fermentation. The highest concentration of sterols in DDGS from barley was found in Xena (3.9 mg/g) when the hull was included. The DDGS recovered from corn had the highest concentration of fatty acids (72.6 and 77.5 mg/g). The DDGS recovered from VHG jet-cooking fermentations of Fibar, dehulled Bold, and corn demonstrated similar levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols. Corn DDGS was highest in crude fat but was lowest in crude protein and in vitro energy digestibility. Wheat DDGS was highest in crude protein content, similar to previous studies. The barley DDGS was the highest in in vitro energy digestibility.
Do Women Choose Different Jobs from Men? Mechanisms of Application Segregation in the Market for Managerial Workers

This paper examines differences in the jobs for which men and women apply in order to better understand gender segregation in managerial jobs. We develop and test an integrative theory of why women might apply to different jobs than men. We note that constraints based on gender role socialization may affect three determinants of job applications: how individuals evaluate the rewards provided by different jobs, whether they identify with those jobs, and whether they believe that their applications will be successful. We then develop hypotheses about the role of each of these decision factors in mediating gender differences in job applications. We test these hypotheses using the first direct comparison of how similarly qualified men and women apply to jobs, based on data on the job searches of MBA students. Our findings indicate that women are less likely than men to apply to finance and consulting jobs and are more likely to apply to general management positions. These differences are partly explained by women’s preference for jobs with better anticipated work–life balance, their lower identification with stereotypically masculine jobs, and their lower expectations of job offer success in such stereotypically masculine jobs. We find no evidence that women are less likely to receive job offers in any of the fields studied. These results point to some of the ways in which gender differences can become entrenched through the long-term expectations and assumptions that job candidates carry with them into the application process.
The Unwinding of Cross-shareholding: Causes, Effects, and Implications

Considering that the ownership structure of Japanese corporations has changed dramatically in the 1990s, this paper address a series of question related to these changes. Why is cross-shareholding, which has been in place for almost three decades, now beginning to unwind (and the mechanisms of the unwinding)? What explains the increasing diversity in the patterns of cross-shareholding among Japanese firms? Lastly what are the implications of the changing ownership structure on firm performance? Using the detailed and comprehensive data on ownership structure including individual cross-shareholding relationship and other variable (Tobin's q) developed by Nissai Life Insurance Research Institute and Waseda University, we highlight the determinants of the choice between holding or selling shares for both banks and firms. We show that profitable firms with easy access to capital markets and high foreign ownership prior to the banking crisis tend to unwind cross-shareholdings, while low-profit firms with difficulty accessing capital markets and low foreign ownership in the early 1990s tend to keep the cross shareholding with banks. For the effect of changing ownership structure on performance, we show that high instituitional shareholding and, somehow surprisingly, block shareholding of corporation have positive effect on firms performance, while the bank ownership had consistently have negative effect on firm performance since the middle of 1980s. Through these findings, we provide some policy implication and perspective on future ownership structure in Japanese firms.
The Eurozone Crisis: How Banks and Sovereigns Came to Be Joined at the Hip

We use the rise and dispersion of sovereign spreads to tell the story of the emergence and escalation of financial tensions within the eurozone. This process evolved through three stages. Following the onset of the Subprime crisis in July 2007, spreads rose but mainly due to common global factors. The rescue of Bear Stearns in March 2008 marked the start of a distinctively European banking crisis. During this key phase, sovereign spreads tended to rise with the growing demand for support by weakening domestic financial sectors, especially in countries with lower growth prospects and higher debt burdens. As the constraint of continued fiscal commitments became clearer, and coinciding with the nationalization of Anglo Irish in January 2009, the separation between the sovereign and the financial sector disappeared.
Exploiting Multi-typed Treebanks for Parsing with Deep Multi-task Learning

Various treebanks have been released for dependency parsing. Despite that treebanks may belong to different languages or have different annotation schemes, they contain syntactic knowledge that is potential to benefit each other. This paper presents an universal framework for exploiting these multi-typed treebanks to improve parsing with deep multi-task learning. We consider two kinds of treebanks as source: the multilingual universal treebanks and the monolingual heterogeneous treebanks. Multiple treebanks are trained jointly and interacted with multi-level parameter sharing. Experiments on several benchmark datasets in various languages demonstrate that our approach can make effective use of arbitrary source treebanks to improve target parsing models.
On Using a Parallel Graph Rewriting Formalism in Generation

In this paper, we present a parallel context sensitive graph rewriting formalism for a dependency-oriented generation grammar. The parallel processing of the input structure makes an explicit presentation of all alternative options for its mapping onto the output structure possible. This allows for the selection of the linguistic realization that suits best the communicative and contextual criteria available.
Teaching Note—BSW Students’ Experiences With an MBSR Assignment and the Five Facets of Mindfulness

ABSTRACT BSW students appear to be under increasing levels of stress. In response to concerns about students’ well-being, we developed a three-credit-hour self-care elective. This article explores students’ participation in the primary assignment of the course, a modified version of mindfulness-based stress reduction. We also present empirical findings of an exploratory study examining students’ mindfulness and their subjective experiences with the assignment. Results support the usefulness of mindfulness-based stress reduction assignments in supporting BSW students’ well-being. This kind of assignment may also contribute to the development of the first social work competency, “demonstrate ethical and professional behavior,” (Council on Social Work Education, 2015, p. 7) through an increase in self-reflective and self-regulation skills.