Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early detection in head and neck cancer – current state and future perspectives

Survival and quality of life in head and neck cancer are directly linked to the size of the primary tumor at first detection. In order to achieve substantial gain at these issues, both, primary prevention and secondary prevention, which is early detection of malignant lesions at a small size, have to be improved. So far, there is not only a lack in the necessary infrastructure not only in Germany, but rather worldwide, but additionally the techniques developed so far for early detection have a significance and specificity too low as to warrant safe implementation for screening programs. However, the advancements recently achieved in endoscopy and in quantitative analysis of hypocellular specimens open new perspectives for secondary prevention. Chromoendoscopy and narrow band imaging (NBI) pinpoint suspicious lesions more easily, confocal endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography obtain optical sections through those lesions, and hyperspectral imaging classifies lesions according to characteristic spectral signatures. These techniques therefore obtain optical biopsies. Once a “bloody” biopsy has been taken, the plethora of parameters that can be quantified objectively has been increased and could be the basis for an objective and quantitative classification of epithelial lesions (multiparametric cytometry, quantitative histology). Finally, cytomics and proteomics approaches, and lab-on-the-chip technology might help to identify patients at high-risk. Sensitivity and specificity of these approaches have to be validated, yet, and some techniques have to be adapted for the specific conditions for early detection of head and neck cancer. On this background it has to be stated that it is still a long way to go until a population based screening for head and neck cancer is available. The recent results of screening for cancer of the prostate and breast highlight the difficulties implemented in such a task.
Epidemiology, virulence factors and management of the pneumococcus

Pneumococcal infections continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients throughout the world. This microorganism remains the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia and is associated with a considerable burden of disease and health-care costs in both developed and developing countries. Emerging antibiotic resistance has been a concern because of its potential negative impact on the outcome of patients who receive standard antibiotic therapy. However, there have been substantial changes in the epidemiology of this pathogen in recent years, not least of which has been due to the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children, with subsequent herd protection in unvaccinated adults and children. Furthermore, much recent research has led to a better understanding of the virulence factors of this pathogen and their role in the pathogenesis of severe pneumococcal disease, including the cardiac complications, as well as the potential role of adjunctive therapy in the management of severely ill cases. This review will describe recent advances in our understanding of the epidemiology, virulence factors, and management of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia.
Refined global Gan–Gross–Prasad conjecture for Bessel periods

We formulate a refined version of the global Gan–Gross–Prasad conjecture for general Bessel models, extending the work of Ichino–Ikeda and R. N. Harris in the co-rank 1 case. It is an explicit formula relating the automorphic period of Bessel type and the central value of certain L-function. To support such conjecture, we provide two examples for pairs SO5 SO2 and SO6 SO3 (both co-rank 3) in the endoscopic case via theta lifting.
Achievable rate of MIMO channels with data-aided channel estimation and perfect interleaving

The achievable rate of a coherent coded modulation digital communication system with data-aided channel estimation and a discrete equiprobable symbol alphabet is derived under the assumption that the system operates on a flat fading multiple-input/multiple-output channel and uses a perfect interleaver to combat the bursty nature of the channel. It is shown that linear minimum mean square error channel estimation directly follows from the derivation and links average mutual information to the channel dynamics. Based on the assumption that known training symbols are transmitted, the achievable rate of the system is optimized with respect to the amount of training information needed.
Long-term Results of Percutaneous Ethanol Injection for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Korea

Objective To evaluate the long-term follow-up results of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Korea. Materials and Methods Sixty-eight nodular HCCs initially detected in 64 patients, were subjected to US-guided PEI as a first-line treatment. Long-term survival rates, local tumor progression rates, and complications were evaluated, as were the influences of tumor size and Child-Pugh class on these variables. Results No major complications occurred. The overall survival rates of the 64 patients at three and five years were 71% and 39%, and their cancer-free survival rates were 22% and 15%, respectively. The overall survival rate of patients with a small HCC (≤ 2 cm) was significantly higher (p = 0.014) than that of patients with a medium-sized HCC (≤ 2 cm). The overall survival rate of patients with Child-Pugh class A was significantly higher (p = 0.049) than that of patients with Child-Pugh class B. Of 59 cases with no residual tumor, local tumor progression was observed in ablation zones in 18, and this was not found to be significantly influenced by tumor size or Child-Pugh class. Conclusion The results of our investigation of the long-term survival rates of PEI in HCC patients in Korea (a hepatitis B virus-endemic area) were consistent with those reported previously in hepatitis C endemic areas. Patients with a smaller tumor or a better liver function exhibited superior survival rates.
Do Some Firms Persistently Outperform

The substrate processing apparatus is provided with a gas-liquid mixing nozzle for generating a process liquid mist by mixing a liquid and a pressurized gas, to discharge the process liquid mist to a substrate at high speeds. The liquid may be remover liquid, intermediate rinse liquid or deionized water. The reaction products which having been generated on the substrate in etching process is removed at high speeds with the flow of the mist, whereby the quality of the process is improved.
Network Coding for Unicast : Exploiting Multicast Subgraphs to Achieve Capacity in 2-User Networks

In this paper, we address optimal network coding schemes for two-user unicast networks. Using previous results on the relationship between graph structure and informationtheoretic capacity, we characterize the capacity region for a class of two-user unicast networks by finding a combination network coding/routing scheme to achieve an outer bound on capacity. This scheme has the remarkable property of decomposing the difficult unicast network coding problem into three sub-problems: a multicast network coding sub-problem, and two multi-commodity flow sub-problems. Using insights from the rate assignment scheme, we construct a distributed rate control algorithm based on optimization and dual theory that achieves capacity of the network. Formulating the unicast network coding problem in terms of optimization theory also allows us to implement a transport-type mechanism that provides systemwide performance objectives.
p 53-related apoptosis resistance and tumor suppression activity in UVB-induced premature senescent human skin fibroblasts

Chronic exposure to solar UV irradiation leads to photoaging, immunosuppression, and ultimately carcinogenesis. Cellular senescence is thought to play an important role in tumor suppression and apoptosis resistance. However, the relationships among stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS), tumorigenesis and apoptosis induced by UVB remain unknown. We developed a model of UVB-induced premature senescence in human skin fibroblasts (HSFs). After five repeated subcytotoxic UVB exposures at a dose of 10 mJ/cm2, the following biomarkers of senescence were markedly present: senescence-associated ß-galactosidase (SA ß-gal) activity, growth arrest, and the overexpression of senescenceassociated genes. Firstly, there was an increase in the proportion of cells positive for SA ß-gal activity. Secondly, there was a loss of replicative potential as assessed by MTT assay. FACS analysis showed that UVB-stressed HSFs were blocked mostly in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and replicative senescence, and protein expression of p53, p21WAF-1 and p16INK-4a increased significantly. Thirdly, the mRNA levels of three senescence-associated genes, fibronectin, osteonectin and SM22, also increased. A real time PCR array to investigate the mRNA expression of p53-related genes involved in growth arrest, apoptosis and tumorigenesis indicated that p53, p21, p19, Hdm2, and Bax were up-regulated, and bcl, HIF-1α and VEGF were down-regulated. Collectively, our data suggest that UVB-induced SIPS plays an important role in p53-related apoptosis resistance and tumor suppression activity.
N ov 2 00 7 Search for chargino-neutralino production in pp̄ collisions at √ s = 1 . 96 TeV with high-p T leptons

Search for chargino-neutralino production in p¯ p collisions at √ s = 1.96 TeV with high-p T leptons We present a search for the associated production of charginos and neutralinos in p¯ p collisions at √ s = 1.96 TeV. The data were collected at the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF II) and 4 correspond to integrated luminosities between 0.7 and 1.0 fb −1. We look for final states with one high-pT electron or muon, and two additional leptons. Our results are consistent with the standard model expectations, and we set limits on the cross section as a function of the chargino mass in three different supersymmetric scenarios. For a specific MSSM scenario with no slepton mixing we set a 95% C.L. limit at 151 GeV/c 2 .
Sentencing the White-Collar Offender

This article is based on afield study of sentencing which is part of a research program on white-collar crime being undertaken at Yale Law School. In this preliminary report, the authors conclude that while judges take a serious view of white-collar crime, they are often influenced by several factors to find a non-incarcerative disposition. They also conclude that judges tend to rely predominantly on general deterrence as a rationale for sentencing in cases of white-collar crime.
Imes Discussion Paper Series Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies Bank of Japan Long-run Monetary Neutrality and Contemporary Policy Analysis Long-run Monetary Neutrality and Contemporary Policy Analysis

Arguments are developed concerning a number of topics including long-run monetary neutrality, superneutrality, the natural-rate hypothesis, the quantity theory of money, the equation of exchange, the Fisher equation, and purchasing power parity. These are basic, fundamental topics that all students of monetary economics refer to frequently, but there is evidently considerable disagreement concerning their exact nature. Some of the disagreement has likely been generated by the recent practice by monetary economists of conducting monetary policy analysis in models that include no mention of any monetary variable such as M1 or the monetary base— thereby reflecting the actual policy practice of most central banks. It is argued that these models are consistent in most important ways with highly traditional monetary analysis. More generally, relationships among the various topics are developed and the validity of empirical tests (e.g., cointegration tests) relating to several of the topics are reconsidered.
Antiamnesic Effect of Actinidia arguta Extract Intake in a Mouse Model of TMT-Induced Learning and Memory Dysfunction

The antiamnesic effects of ethyl acetate fraction from Actinidia arguta (EFAA) on trimethyltin- (TMT-) induced memory impairment were investigated to find the possibility of functional food substances. EFAA showed a potent AChE inhibitory effect (IC50 = 53 μg/mL) and efficient neuroprotection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The administration of EFAA significantly decreased TMT-induced cognitive deficit in Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. After the behavioral tests, the antioxidant activities were confirmed using mice brain tissues. EFAA not only showed the inhibition of AChE activity and the decline of malondialdehyde (MDA) level as a sign of lipid peroxidation but also presented the increase of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level and the decrease of the oxidized glutathione (GSSG)/total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) ratio. Finally, the phenolics in EFAA were identified using liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry, and four main phenolics, such as quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeoyl hexose, and quercetin-3-glucoside, were identified. These results suggest that EFAA containing physiological phenolics might enhance drug-induced amnesia through AChE inhibition and neuroprotection.
Next Place Prediction using Mobile Data

Recently, location-based applications and services for mobile users have attracted signicant attention. In this context, one challenging problem is predicting the future location of a mobile user given his or her current location and associated metadata. Solving this problem enables many interesting applications such as location-aware mobile advertisements, trac warnings, etc. In this paper, we present an approach based on user-specic decision trees learned from each user’s history. The classication tree is built based on simple, intuitive features with some mobile data-specic enhancements. We demonstrate the performance of our approach by evaluating with a real-life dataset provided by Nokia, and show that it outperforms a simpler baseline.
Ethics and Burial Archaeology

The investigation of human remains has always been central to archaeological, but archaeologists are not the only ones with an interest in their treatment. Political groups, religious organisations, descendant communities and disenfranchised interest groups are all becoming more vocal in expressing their opinions on this subject on a world stage. This book sets a new agenda for ethical studies in mortuary investigation, adducing a series of case studies which can be used to understand the questions facing burial archaeology. Who owns the dead – not just their bodies but also their stories? Do the remains themselves matter or are there other political agendas which influence interest groups? The author encourages archaeologists to be more open and inclusive when conducting mortuary projects, as it is often the perception of secrecy or interference with the dead that raises concern about the treatment of historical and scientifically important skeletal remains.
An Effective Marketing Strategy for Revenue Maximization with a Quantity Constraint

Recently the influence maximization problem has received much attention for its applications on viral marketing and product promotions. However, such influence maximization problems have not taken into account the monetary effect on the purchasing decision of individuals. To fulfill this gap, in this paper, we aim for maximizing the revenue by considering the quantity constraint on the promoted commodity. For this problem, we not only identify a proper small group of individuals as seeds for promotion but also determine the pricing of the commodity. To tackle the revenue maximization problem, we first introduce a strategic searching algorithm, referred to as Algorithm PRUB, which is able to derive the optimal solutions. After that, we further modify PRUB to propose a heuristic, Algorithm PRUB+IF, for obtaining feasible solutions more efficiently on larger instances. Experiments on real social networks with different valuation distributions demonstrate the effectiveness of PRUB and PRUB+IF.
Changing Actions vs. Changing Beliefs: What Is the Goal of Mathematics Teacher Education?.

This study focuses on one preservice mathematics teacher in her first mathematics methods course who constituted a special section of the course. This was field-based with most of the course spent in a fourth grade classroom observing mathematics instruction, conducting task-based interviews with individual children, and teaching small groups. It was concluded that the teacher was able to change her mathematics teaching behavior to be more consistent with her beliefs about children, teaching, and learning. (ASK) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as 'ved from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Changing Actions vs. Changing Beliefs: What is the goal of mathematics teacher education?
Evaluating eCollaboration: Toward A Positioning Map For Supply Chain Integration

E-business systems have the potential to transform supply chain relationships into integrated collaborative networks. However many firms are hesitant to adopt e-business systems, and in particular collaborative supply chain initiatives, as the benefits often fail to fulfill the promise. To reduce this anomaly, firms need to realize the successful creation and implementation of a collaborative supply chain system is more complex than other inter-organizational systems (IOS). Decision makers need to evaluate the different options for integrating the supply chain and determine the most appropriate partners. Although previous studies have assessed e-business and IOS, few offer a predictive model that can assist decision makers with the selective deployment of an integrated supply chain system. Based upon previous research and empirical data, the authors have devised a positioning framework for prospective adopters to illustrate the potential impact of a collaborative supply chain system. This framework enables a positioning of current supply chain partners, based upon pre-adoption factors, to identify the potential level of impact achievable. An EU-Funded project, Co-Improve, provided the empirical setting to test this framework. With e-business evaluation still in its infancy, this new framework can assist managers with the complex task of instigating and implementing e-supply chain initiatives.
Multi-document video summarization

Most previous works on video summarization target on a single video document. With the popularity of video corpus (e.g. news video archives) and web videos, video article that consists of a set of relevant videos are frequently confronted by users. By the traditional single-document summarization, these videos are treated independently and the results are usually redundant due to the lack of inter-video analysis. To efficiently manage video articles, in this paper, we propose an approach for multi-document video summarization by exploring the redundancy between different videos. The importance of keyframes is first measured by the content inclusion based on intra- and inter-video similarities. We then propose a Minimum Description Length (MDL) for automatically determining the appropriate length of the summary. Finally a video summary is generated for users to browse the content of the whole video article. We show that multi-document video summarization presents more elegant and informative summaries compared with single-document approach.
Cytocidal Activities of Topoisomerase 1 Inhibitors and 5-Azacytidine against Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma Cells in Primary Human Tumor Cultures and Mouse Cell Lines

There is currently no effective treatment for metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. A deficiency in current chemotherapy regimens is that the metastases usually grow very slowly. Drugs that target dividing tumor cells have therefore had limited success. To improve treatment, new strategies and valid experimental models are required for pre-clinical testing. However, development of models has itself been hampered by the absence of human pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma cell lines for cultures or xenografts. Topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) inhibitors are drugs that interfere with mechanisms that maintain DNA integrity during transcription in both quiescent and dividing cells. We used primary cultures of representative human tumors to establish the cytotoxicity of camptothecin, a prototypical TOP1 inhibitor, against non-dividing pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma cells, and then employed a mouse pheochromocytoma model (MPC) to show that efficacy of low concentrations of camptothecin and other TOP1 inhibitors is increased by intermittent coadministration of sub-toxic concentrations of 5-azacytidine, a DNA methylation inhibitor that modulates transcription. We then tested the same drugs against a clonal MPC derivative that expresses CMV reporter-driven luciferase and GFP, intended for in vivo drug testing. Unexpectedly, luciferase expression, bioluminescence and GFP expression were paradoxically increased by both camptothecin and SN38, the active metabolite of irinotecan, thereby masking cell death. Expression of chromogranin A, a marker for neuroendocrine secretory granules, was not increased, indicating that the drug effects on levels of luciferase and GFP are specific to the GFP-luciferase construct rather than generalized cellular responses. Our findings provide proof of principle for use of TOP1 inhibitors against pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma and suggest novel strategies for enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity by optimizing the combination and timing of their use in conjunction with other drugs. The paradoxical effects of TOP1 inhibitors on luciferase and GFP dictate a need for caution in the use of CMV promoter-regulated constructs for cancer-related imaging studies.
Global Gorenstein dimensions of polynomial rings and of direct product of rings

In this paper, we extend the well-known Hilbert's syzygy theorem to the Gorenstein homological dimensions of rings. Also, we study the Gorenstein homological dimensions of direct product of rings, which gives examples of non-Noetherian rings of finite Gorenstein dimensions and infinite classical weak dimension.
Multiple hypothesis mapping of functional MRI data in orthogonal and complex wavelet domains

We are interested in methods for multiple hypothesis testing that optimize power to refute the null hypothesis while controlling the false discovery rate (FDR). The wavelet transform of a spatial map of brain activation statistics can be tested in two stages to achieve this objective: First, a set of possible wavelet coefficients to test is reduced, and second, each hypothesis in the remaining subset is formally tested. We show that a Bayesian bivariate shrinkage operator (BaybiShrink) for the first step provides a powerful and expedient alternative to a subband adaptive chi-squared test or an enhanced FDR algorithm based on the generalized degrees of freedom. We also investigate the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (CWT) as an alternative basis to the orthogonal discrete wavelet transform (DWT). We design and validate a test for activation based on the magnitude of the complex wavelet coefficients and show that this confers improved specificity for mapping spatial signals. The methods are applied to simulated and experimental data, including a pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. We conclude that using BaybiShrink to define a reduced set of complex wavelet coefficients, and testing the magnitude of each complex pair to control the FDR, represents a competitive solution for multiple hypothesis mapping in fMRI.