Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulations and first tests of slowed down beams project at GSI

P. Boutachkov1, M. Górska1, J. Gerl1, H. Geissel1, I. Kojouharov1, W. Koenig1, M.A.G. Alvarez2, C. Nociforo1, M. Pomorski3, W. Prokopowicz1, H. Schaffner1, and H. Weick1 1GSI, Darmstadt, Germany; 2Seville University, Seville, Spain; 3Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland. The availability of radioactive beams has opened new opportunities for the investigation of exotic nuclei. The NuSTAR HISPEC slowed down beam project [1] at GSI/FAIR aims to produce rare isotopes with energies of 10 MeV/u and less, to be used for spectroscopy and reactions studies. This paper reports on the ongoing feasibility study of slowed down beam production at the GSI FRagment Separator(FRS) facility. At FRS the nuclei of interest are produced at high energy, they are identified with the standard tracking detectors [2] and slowed down with a thick degrader. Due to the low energy of the slowed down fragments a beam line was constructed after the thick degrader. A position sensitive transmission Time Of Flight (TOF) detector was used to reconstruct the slowed down ions trajectory and velocity on event-by-event basis. A calculation using EPAX [3] cross sections and ATIMA [4, 5] stopping powers showed that about 80% of the fragments survive the slowing down process. The simulation also predicted that the majority of fragments created due to secondary fragmentation reactions in the degrader have different velocity compared to the ions of interest. Figure 1 shows an example calculation of the yield due to reactions in the degrader when Co is slowed down to 10 MeV/u. The square root of the energy per nucleon is proportional to the fragment velocity. Hence, the simulation predicted that Co will dominate by three orders of magnitude the ions created due to reactions in the degrader when a TOF gate corresponding to an energy of 10 MeV/u is applied. Based on the simulations only a TOF detector was considered for the first experiments with slowed down beams at the FRS.
Cell-adhesion molecule uvomorulin is localized in the intermediate junctions of adult intestinal epithelial cells

Uvomorulin is a cell-adhesion molecule implicated in the compaction process of mouse preimplantation embryos and the aggregation of embryonal carcinoma cells. A rabbit antiserum against purified uvomorulin also reacts with epithelial cells of various adult tissues. In this study, we investigated the localization of uvomorulin on adult intestinal epithelial cells using electron microscopic analyses. Uvomorulin was shown to exhibit a highly restricted localization in the intermediate junctions of these cells. The results are discussed with respect to a possible adhesive function of uvomorulin on intestinal epithelial cells.
Institute for Mathematical Physics Optimal Heat Kernel Estimates for Schrr Odinger Operators with Magnetic Fields in Two Dimensions Optimal Heat Kernel Estimates for Schr Odinger Operators with Magnetic Fields in Two Dimensions

Sharp smoothing estimates are proven for magnetic Schrr odinger semigroups in two dimensions under the assumption that the magnetic eld is bounded below by some positive constant B 0. As a consequence the L 1 norm of the associated integral kernel is bounded by the L 1 norm of the Mehler kernel of the Schrr odinger semigroup with the constant magnetic eld B 0 .
Joint shape morphogenesis precedes cavitation of the developing hip joint

The biology and mechanobiology of joint cavitation have undergone extensive investigation, but we have almost no understanding of the development of joint shape. Joint morphogenesis, the development of shape, has been identified as the ‘least understood aspect of joint formation’ (2005, Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today 75, 237), despite the clinical relevance of shape morphogenesis to postnatal skeletal malformations such as developmental dysplasia of the hip. In this study, we characterise development of early hip joint shape in the embryonic chick using direct capture 3D imaging. Contrary to formerly held assumptions that cavitation precedes morphogenesis in joint development, we have found that the major anatomical features of the adult hip are present at Hamburger Hamilton (HH)32, a full day prior to cavitation of the joint at HH34. We also reveal that the pelvis undergoes significant changes in orientation with respect to the femur, despite the lack of a joint cavity between the rudiments. Furthermore, we have identified the appearance of the ischium and pubis several developmental stages earlier than was previously reported, illustrating the value and importance of direct capture 3D imaging.
Photon storage in Λ -type optically dense atomic media. III. Effects of inhomogeneous broadening

In a recent paper [Gorshkov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 123601 (2007)] and in the two preceding papers [Gorshkov et al., this issue, Phys. Rev. A 76, 033804 (2006); 76, 033805 (2006)], we used a universal physical picture to optimize and demonstrate equivalence between a wide range of techniques for storage and retrieval of photon wave packets in homogeneously broadened $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type atomic media, including the adiabatic reduction of the photon group velocity, pulse-propagation control via off-resonant Raman techniques, and photon-echo-based techniques. In the present paper, we generalize this treatment to include inhomogeneous broadening. In particular, we consider the case of Doppler-broadened atoms and assume that there is a negligible difference between the Doppler shifts of the two optical transitions. In this situation, we show that, at high enough optical depth, all atoms contribute coherently to the storage process as if the medium were homogeneously broadened. We also discuss the effects of inhomogeneous broadening in solid state samples. In this context, we discuss the advantages and limitations of reversing the inhomogeneous broadening during the storage time, as well as suggest a way for achieving high efficiencies with a nonreversible inhomogeneous profile.
Thermoreflectance Measurement of Temperature and Thermal Resistance of Thin Film Gold

To improve performance and reliability of integrated circuits, accurate knowledge of thermal transport properties must be possessed. In particular, reduced dimensions increase boundary scattering and the significance of thermal contact resistance. A thermoreflectance measurement can be used with a valid heat transport model to experimentally quantify the contact thermal resistance of thin film interconnects. In the current work, a quasi-steady state thermoreflectance measurement is used to determine the temperature distribution of a thin film gold interconnect (100 nm) undergoing Joule heating. By comparing the data to a heat transport model accounting for thermal diffusion, dissipation, and Joule heating, a measure of the thermal dissipation or overall thermal resistance of unit area is obtained. The gold film to substrate overall thermal resistance of unit area beneath the wide lead (10 μm) and narrow line (1 μm) of the interconnect are 1.64 × 10−6 m2 K/W and 5.94 × 10−6 m2 K/W, respectively. The thermal resistance of unit area measurements is comparable with published results based on a pump-probe thermoreflectance measurement.
Cultural and creative clusters – a systematic literature review and a renewed research agenda

ABSTRACT Cultural/Creative Quarters/Clusters/Districts’ (CCC) have become very popular local development strategies in the last 30 years as reflected within the Urban Planning, Geography, Economics and Cultural Studies literature. However, this multi-disciplinarity has rendered the CCC academic field of research quite fuzzy as authors offers their own definition or borrow from each other without clear explanations. In order to address this issue, this paper presents a systematic literature review and analyses the ways these concepts have evolved, what have been the themes and dimensions associated with them, how they have been studied and researched, and then suggest a renewed research agenda.
The rs1024611 Regulatory Region Polymorphism Is Associated with CCL2 Allelic Expression Imbalance

CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is the most potent monocyte chemoattractant and inter-individual differences in its expression level have been associated with genetic variants mapping to the cis-regulatory regions of the gene. An A to G polymorphism in the CCL2 enhancer region at position –2578 (rs1024611; A>G), was found in most studies to be associated with higher serum CCL2 levels and increased susceptibility to a variety of diseases such as HIV-1 associated neurological disorders, tuberculosis, and atherosclerosis. However, the precise mechanism by which rs1024611influences CCL2 expression is not known. To address this knowledge gap, we tested the hypothesis that rs1024611G polymorphism is associated with allelic expression imbalance (AEI) of CCL2. We used haplotype analysis and identified a transcribed SNP in the 3′UTR (rs13900; C>T) can serve as a proxy for the rs1024611 and demonstrated that the rs1024611G allele displayed a perfect linkage disequilibrium with rs13900T allele. Allele-specific transcript quantification in lipopolysaccharide treated PBMCs obtained from heterozygous donors showed that rs13900T allele were expressed at higher levels when compared to rs13900C allele in all the donors examined suggesting that CCL2 is subjected to AEI and that that the allele containing rs1024611G is preferentially transcribed. We also found that AEI of CCL2 is a stable trait and could be detected in newly synthesized RNA. In contrast to these in vivo findings, in vitro assays with haplotype-specific reporter constructs indicated that the haplotype bearing rs1024611G had a lower or similar transcriptional activity when compared to the haplotype containing rs1024611A. This discordance between the in vivo and in vitro expression studies suggests that the CCL2 regulatory region polymorphisms may be functioning in a complex and context-dependent manner. In summary, our studies provide strong functional evidence and a rational explanation for the phenotypic effects of the CCL2 rs1024611G allele.
Robust Markov Decision Processes for Medical Treatment Decisions

Medical treatment decisions involve complex tradeoffs between the risks and benefits of various treatment options. The diversity of treatment options that patients can choose over time, and uncertainties in future health outcomes result in a difficult sequential decision making problem. Markov decision processes (MDPs) are commonly used to study medical treatment decisions; however, optimal policies obtained by solving MDPs may be affected by the uncertain nature of the model parameter estimates. In this article, we present a robust Markov decision process treatment model (RMDP-TM) with a controllable uncertainty set formulation for the transition probability matrices (TPMs) of the underlying Markov chain. We show that the RMDP-TM can overcome the common problem of over-conservativeness of the worst-case optimal policy obtained from the RMDP model with fixed uncertainty set formulations for TPMs. We present theoretical analysis to establish computationally efficient methods to solve the RMDP-TM and present its application to a medical treatment decision problem of optimizing the sequence and the start time to initiate medications for glycemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Autoantibodies in SLE: Specificities, Isotypes and Receptors

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a wide spectrum of auto-antibodies which recognize several cellular components. The production of these self-reactive antibodies fluctuates during the course of the disease and the involvement of different antibody-secreting cell populations are considered highly relevant for the disease pathogenesis. These cells are developed and stimulated through different ways leading to the secretion of a variety of isotypes, affinities and idiotypes. Each of them has a particular mechanism of action binding to a specific antigen and recognized by distinct receptors. The effector responses triggered lead to a chronic tissue inflammation. DsDNA autoantibodies are the most studied as well as the first in being characterized for its pathogenic role in Lupus nephritis. However, others are of growing interest since they have been associated with other organ-specific damage, such as anti-NMDAR antibodies in neuropsychiatric clinical manifestations or anti-β2GP1 antibodies in vascular symptomatology. In this review, we describe the different auto-antibodies reported to be involved in SLE. How autoantibody isotypes and affinity-binding to their antigen might result in different pathogenic responses is also discussed.
A longitudinal analysis of ethnic unemployment differentials in the UK

ABSTRACT As in many developed countries, in the UK the unemployment rate of ethnic minorities is higher than the unemployment rate of the white British majority. These differences may be due to a higher probability of ethnic minorities entering unemployment by losing a job, or to a lower probability of exiting unemployment by finding a job. Using Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study, this paper analyses what individual and job characteristics contribute to job loss, what contribute to job finding, and to what extent ethnic unemployment differentials can be explained by such characteristics. For both men and women the results show no relevant ethnic differences in the probability to transition from a paid job into unemployment. Only Indian UK born women seem more likely to transition than white British majority women, while for other groups the small differences are in favour of ethnic minorities. Segregation in occupations characterised by low wages and less stable jobs does not seem to contribute to the higher unemployment rate of ethnic minorities. The main determinant of ethnic unemployment differentials seems to be the longer duration of unemployment for ethnic minorities, which, however, remains largely unexplained after the inclusion of individual and household characteristics.
Enhancing Teacher Efficacy for Urban STEM Teachers Facing Challenges to Their Teaching

This paper explores challenges of teaching in relation to teachers’ efficacy for 49 teachers who were part of a year-long teacher development program (PD) called the UrbanSTEM program. This program took place in an urban school district that serves over 300,000 students. This research asked if there are common challenges that urban teachers face when teaching STEM content. If so, do these challenges influence efficacy of teachers, and did the teachers’ efficacy change over time due to their involvement in the UrbanSTEM program? Teachers identified external challenges, lack of resources, and organizational contexts having effect on their capacity to address the needs of their diverse students. Although the study did not identify significant relationship between challenges and efficacy, the study did show that this PD was successful in supporting urban STEM teachers by significantly increasing their self-efficacy.
Eosinophilic Granuloma in Jaw Bone: A Pare Pediatric Case Report

Background Eosinophilic granuloma (EG), one of the three clinical forms of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), is a benign inflammatory reaction to an unknown etiologic agent. It most commonly occurs in children and young adults. The most frequently involved bones are the skull, the ribs and the femurs. Alongside the cranium, the maxilla and mandible can also be affected. Case Details Herein, we report a case of eosinophilic granuloma in a ten years old boy involving posterior quadrants upper and lower jaws as a destructive lesion involving gingiva, periodontium and alveolar bone. Involvement of other bones is ruled out by nucleotide imaging study. Conclusion EG should be considered as a differential diagnosis whenever there is a bony destructive lesion involving alveolar bone of the Jaws. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention will resolve the lesion.
Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Using Core Needle Biopsy Samples with the Prosigna Assay

Purpose: Most hormone receptor (HR)+/HER2− breast cancer patients respond unfavorably to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC); however, genomic tests may identify those patients who are likely to benefit. Using the Prosigna assay, we first evaluated the technical performance of core needle biopsy (CNB) tissues. We then determined whether Prosigna risk of relapse (ROR) score and intrinsic subtype predicted response to NAC in HR+/HER2− patients using CNB samples. Experimental Design: Using the NanoString's nCounter Dx analysis system and a development tissue sample set, we established tissue requirements and assay output variance. We then evaluated the concordance in subtype and correlation in ROR between CNBs and corresponding surgical resection specimens (SRS) in a second independent sample set. Finally, we analyzed 180 independent CNB samples from HR+/HER2− patients who were treated with NAC and correlated ROR and intrinsic subtype with pathologic response. Results: Intra- and interbiopsy variabilities were 2.2 and 6.8 ROR units, respectively. Subtype concordance within multiple CNBs was high for the 4- and 3-subtype classifications (k = 0.885 and 0.889, respectively). Correlation in Prosigna ROR score observed between paired CNBs and SRS was high (r ≥ 0.90), and subtype concordance was also high for the 4- and 3-subtype classifications (kappa = 0.81 and 0.91, respectively). Prosigna results obtained from the HR+/HER2− patient samples showed that both ROR (P = 0.047) and intrinsic subtype (OR LumA vs. non-LumA = 0.341, P = 0.037) were significant predictors of response to NAC. Conclusions: Prosigna ROR and intrinsic subtype are readily obtained from CNB samples in normal practice and reliably predict response to NAC in HR+/HER2− patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(3); 560–6. ©2015 AACR.
Heavy Ions Induced Single Event Upsets Testing of the 28 nm Xilinx Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC

The recent advance of silicon technology has allowed the integration of complex systems in a single chip. Nowadays, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices are composed not only of the programmable fabric but also by hard-core processors, dedicated processing block interfaces to various peripherals, on-chip bus structures and analog blocks. Among the latest released devices of this type, this work focuses in the 28 nm Xilinx Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC (APSoC). While not immune to the radiation environment in space, the Zynq-7000 seems to be very attractive for the aerospace sector due to its high computational power capability and low-power consumption. In this work, results from heavy ions testing for Zynq-7000 are presented. The experiments were performed in a Brazilian facility located at the University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Individual and Contextual Predictors of Creative Performance: The Mediating Role of Psychological Processes

Studies on creativity have identified critical individual and contextual variables that contribute to individuals' creative performance. However, the psychological mechanisms through which these factors influence creative performance have not yet been systematically investigated. This study explored potential psychological processes that mediate the effects of various individual and contextual variables on the creative performance of individuals. The results, based on longitudinal, multisource data, show that underlying psychological processes (creative self-efficacy and creativity intention) completely mediated the effect of individual (motivation, personality, ability) and contextual factors (social influences from leaders and peers) on creative performance. This study informs the literature of potential psychological mechanisms through which individual and contextual factors influence the creative performance of individuals.
Bayesian Inference of Natural Selection from Allele Frequency Time Series

The advent of accessible ancient DNA technology now allows the direct ascertainment of allele frequencies in ancestral populations, thereby enabling the use of allele frequency time series to detect and estimate natural selection. Such direct observations of allele frequency dynamics are expected to be more powerful than inferences made using patterns of linked neutral variation obtained from modern individuals. We developed a Bayesian method to make use of allele frequency time series data and infer the parameters of general diploid selection, along with allele age, in nonequilibrium populations. We introduce a novel path augmentation approach, in which we use Markov chain Monte Carlo to integrate over the space of allele frequency trajectories consistent with the observed data. Using simulations, we show that this approach has good power to estimate selection coefficients and allele age. Moreover, when applying our approach to data on horse coat color, we find that ignoring a relevant demographic history can significantly bias the results of inference. Our approach is made available in a C++ software package.
Salmonella–Host Interactions – Modulation of the Host Innate Immune System

Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) are Gram-negative bacteria that can invade a broad range of hosts causing both acute and chronic infections. This phenotype is related to its ability to replicate and persist within non-phagocytic host epithelial cells as well as phagocytic dendritic cells and macrophages of the innate immune system. Infection with S. enterica manifests itself through a broad range of clinical symptoms and can result in asymptomatic carriage, gastroenteritis, systemic disease such as typhoid fever and in severe cases, death (1). Exposure to S. enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi exhibits clinical symptoms including diarrhea, fatigue, fever, and temperature fluctuations. Other serovars such as the non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), of which there are over 2,500, are commonly contracted as, but not limited to, food-borne sources causing gastrointestinal symptoms, which include diarrhea and vomiting. The availability of complete genome sequences for many S. enterica serovars has facilitated research into the genetic determinants of virulence for this pathogen. This work has led to the identification of important bacterial components, including flagella, type III secretion systems, lipopolysaccharides, and Salmonella pathogenicity islands, all of which support the intracellular life cycle of S. enterica. Studies focusing on the host–pathogen interaction have provided insights into receptor activation of the innate immune system. Therefore, characterizing the host–S. enterica interaction is critical to understand the pathogenicity of the bacteria in a clinically relevant context. This review outlines salmonellosis and the clinical manifestations between typhoidal and NTS infections as well as discussing the host immune response to infection and the models that are being used to elucidate the mechanisms involved in Salmonella pathogenicity.
Mechanism of the resting bradycardia induced by exercise training

3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer o f a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.