Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Renegotiating domestic violence: police attitudes and decisions concerning arrest

ABSTRACT This paper presents findings from a comparative study of police decision-making. Interview data are used to revisit Hoyle’s [1998. Negotiating domestic violence: police, criminal justice and victims. Oxford: Oxford University Press] explanatory model of police decision-making in response to domestic violence. The analysis suggested Hoyle’s model remains relevant: officers were more likely to arrest if there was evidence of a criminal offence they perceived as serious (most often physical violence), and if they perceived ongoing risk of harm to the victim. The data did suggest official policies around presumptive arrest are now more salient, but that officers continue to use traditional ‘craft’ work to circumvent such policies in cases where they perceive the risk of further harm to be minimal. Implications for practice and debates around the efficacy of arrest are discussed.
The Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ): A validation study in a Korean context

The purpose of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of the measurement scores of the learning organization culture, the Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ), in a Korean context. A total of 1,529 cases from 11 firms in two major Korean conglomerates were analyzed. Rigorous translation procedures, including both forward and backward processes, have been applied to ensure the relevance of this instrumentation in different cultural contexts. As the results of confirma-tory factor analysis, simple item-internal consistency estimates, and item intercorrelation analysis show, the Korean version of the DLOQ has produced reliable measurement scores with a construct validity adequate to measure the learning organization culture in the Korean context.
A unifold, mesofold, and superfold model of protein fold use

As more and more protein structures are determined, there is increasing interest in the question of how many different folds have been used in biology. The history of the rate of discovery of new folds and the distribution of sequence families among known folds provide a means of estimating the underlying distribution of fold use. Previous models exploiting these data have led to rather different conclusions on the total number of folds. We present a new model, based on the notion that the folds used in biology fall naturally into three classes: unifolds, that is, folds found only in a single narrow sequence family; mesofolds, found in an intermediate number of families; and the previously noted superfolds, found in many protein families. We show that this model fits the available data well and has predicted the development of SCOP over the past 2 years. The principle implications of the model are as follows: (1) The vast majority of folds will be found in only a single sequence family; (2) the total number of folds is at least 10,000; and (3) 80% of sequence families have one of about 400 folds, most of which are already known. Proteins 2002;46:61–71. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generalization Error Bounds for Bayesian Mixture Algorithms

Bayesian approaches to learning and estimation have played a significant role in the Statistics literature over many years. While they are often provably optimal in a frequentist setting, and lead to excellent performance in practical applications, there have not been many precise characterizations of their performance for finite sample sizes under general conditions. In this paper we consider the class of Bayesian mixture algorithms, where an estimator is formed by constructing a data-dependent mixture over some hypothesis space. Similarly to what is observed in practice, our results demonstrate that mixture approaches are particularly robust, and allow for the construction of highly complex estimators, while avoiding undesirable overfitting effects. Our results, while being data-dependent in nature, are insensitive to the underlying model assumptions, and apply whether or not these hold. At a technical level, the approach applies to unbounded functions, constrained only by certain moment conditions. Finally, the bounds derived can be directly applied to non-Bayesian mixture approaches such as Boosting and Bagging.
Principals’ support for teachers’ working conditions in devolved school settings: Insights from two Australian States

Shifts in schooling policy have had substantial impact upon the role of principals as well as the relationship that principals have with their teaching staff. In this paper we report on the initiatives 30 principals in a diverse range of devolved Australian government schools adopt to shape and support the local, school-level working conditions of teachers. Surprisingly, principals were commonly unable to articulate – or even respond to – this matter. More commonly principals reported being oriented to lifting capability through a focus on student outcomes, a focus that is consistent with much of the devolution and autonomy rhetoric. Of those who could respond regarding working conditions, dispositions of paternalistic ‘care’, basic distributive actions or even a lack of influence or control were reported, and clear spatial and social dimensions accompanied these patterns. Given that devolution has recently created new responsibilities for principals in Australian government schools, including in relation to staff, this finding is understandable but none the less holds substantial implications and raises questions about the managerial capacity needed for schools to be sustainable, positive workplaces.
Vision affects tactile target and distractor processing even when space is task-irrelevant

The human brain is adapted to integrate the information from multiple sensory modalities into coherent, robust representations of the objects and events in the external world. A large body of empirical research has demonstrated the ubiquitous nature of the interactions that take place between vision and touch, with the former typically dominating over the latter. Many studies have investigated the influence of visual stimuli on the processing of tactile stimuli (and vice versa). Other studies, meanwhile, have investigated the effect of directing a participant’s gaze either toward or else away from the body-part receiving the target tactile stimulation. Other studies, by contrast, have compared performance in those conditions in which the participant’s eyes have been open versus closed. We start by reviewing the research that has been published to date demonstrating the influence of vision on the processing of tactile targets, that is, on those stimuli that have to be attended or responded to. We outline that many – but not all – of the visuotactile interactions that have been observed to date may be attributable to the direction of spatial attention. We then move on to focus on the crossmodal influence of vision, as well as of the direction of gaze, on the processing of tactile distractors. We highlight the results of those studies demonstrating the influence of vision, rather than gaze direction (i.e., the direction of overt spatial attention), on tactile distractor processing (e.g., tactile variants of the negative-priming or flanker task). The conclusion is that no matter how vision of a tactile distractor is engaged, the result would appear to be the same, namely that tactile distractors are processed more thoroughly.
A Study of On-Off Attack Models for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

The security of mobile wireless ad hoc networks is a multifaceted topic which in recent years has been the focus of much interest in the research community. While many security issues in these networks can be addressed by protocol design, wireless nodes have inherent physical vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers to cause disruptions in network traffic. The nature of these exposures is such that there is little that can be done to eliminate them leaving the network open to denial of service and reduction of quality attacks. It is essential that the impact of such attacks is well-understood before wireless ad hoc networks are used in mission-critical applications. This paper is a step in this risk analysis as our experiments quantify the effects of attacks that exploit physical vulnerabilities. Our contributions in this paper are two fold. First, we introduce a general model that can be used to characterize a physical attack as an on-off process and then we apply this model to two specific attack scenarios. Second, we present the results of a simulation study with these two attack scenarios in the context of a mesh of network nodes using the IEEE 802.11 standard and the AODV routing protocol
Serving the Media Ministers: A Mixed Methods Study on the Personalization of Ministerial Communication

The personalization of politics has received much attention in both the political science and political communication literature, but the focus has almost entirely been on party leaders and prime ministers. This study investigates the personalization of ministerial communication in Norway, a type of decentralized personalization. It combines a survey of communication workers; in-depth interviews with politicians, communication workers, political reporters, and top-level civil servants; and ethnographic observation inside a ministry. The article goes beyond media-centered perspectives and identifies several potential drivers and barriers to personalization processes. Based on our mixed methods approach, we find that ministerial communication in Norway is strongly centered on the minister in both reactive media management and the proactive promotion of the minister and new policies. This decentralized personalization is driven by both demands from the media and the strategic adaptation by political and administrative actors within ministries. Based on the rich empirically grounded insights, the article discusses how the interplay between the logic of the contemporary commercial news media, political ambitions, internal administrative ambitions, and changes in executive government shapes the personalization of ministerial communication, and illuminates how these multiple drivers of personalization are mutually reinforcing.
The relationship between insight and clinical features in bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between insight dimensions and clinical features in bipolar disorder. METHOD One hundred and four inpatients with bipolar disorder( manic or mixed episodes) diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria participated in the study. Patients were evaluated both during an acute episode and in remission, prior their discharge from the hospital by the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), The Scale of Unawareness of Mental Disorders (SUMD), and a questionnaire regarding demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS In remission, 57 patients (54.8%) had insight of their illness while 14 (13.5%)did not have insight. Besides %6.7 of patients did not have the Insight into the effects of medication. We also found that 27.9% of patients were unaware of the social consequences of their illness. Patients with psychotic symptoms had a significantly low level of awareness to the effects of their medication as well as the severeness of their manic episode. We found an unawareness of delusion in these patients. In terms of all SUMD items, female patients had significantly poorer insight compared to men. No correlation was found between the number of hospitalizations, the number of episodes or the first episode type and insight dimensions. CONCLUSION Lack of insight in bipolar disorder is not rare. The assesment of insight addresses different components of the illness and the treatment awareness. The severity of illness, aggressive impulse control difficulties, psychotic symptoms especially the presence of delusions, female sex may be important predictors of impaired insight.
Comparative assessment of memory performance between children with epilepsy and healthy children

Backgrounds: This current research study which was done with the purpose of memory performance comparison between two different groups of healthy children and children with epilepsy (25 girls and 25 boys) took place in Tehran with the age range of 10-12 years old. Methods: The students were selected through simple random sampling method. They were all assessed in the medical center of children and Tehran’s Andishe primary school (boys and girls branches). Benton test and Wechsler memory sub-test (Form A) were the applied tools for data gathering. Results: The gathered data displayed a significant difference between scores of Benton test and Wechsler memory sub-tests including personal and general information, orientation, mind control, logical memory, repeating numbers straigtly or reversely, learning and memory) between healthy children and those with epilepsy. Conclusion: The performance of memory in healthy children was greater than children with epilepsy. Generally, considering the memory deficit and attention disorder, epilepsy children require both memory and attention rehabilitation for a better quality of life.
Born blonde: a recessive loss‐of‐function mutation in the melanocortin 1 receptor is associated with cream coat coloration in Antarctic fur seals

Abstract Although the genetic basis of color variation has been extensively studied in humans and domestic animals, the genetic polymorphisms responsible for different color morphs remain to be elucidated in many wild vertebrate species. For example, hypopigmentation has been observed in numerous marine mammal species but the underlying mutations have not been identified. A particularly compelling candidate gene for explaining color polymorphism is the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), which plays a key role in the regulation of pigment production. We therefore used Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) as a highly tractable marine mammal system with which to test for an association between nucleotide variation at the MC1R and melanin‐based coat color phenotypes. By sequencing 70 wild‐type individuals with dark‐colored coats and 26 hypopigmented individuals with cream‐colored coats, we identified a nonsynonymous mutation that results in the substitution of serine with phenylalanine at an evolutionarily highly conserved structural domain. All of the hypopigmented individuals were homozygous for the allele coding for phenylalanine, consistent with a recessive loss‐of‐function allele. In order to test for cryptic population structure, which can generate artefactual associations, and to evaluate whether homozygosity at the MC1R could be indicative of low genome‐wide heterozygosity, we also genotyped all of the individuals at 50 polymorphic microsatellite loci. We were unable to detect any population structure and also found that wild‐type and hypopigmented individuals did not differ significantly in their standardized multilocus heterozygosity. Such a lack of association implies that hypopigmented individuals are unlikely to suffer disproportionately from inbreeding depression, and hence, we have no reason to believe that they are at a selective disadvantage in the wider population.
Acute hypoxia affects P-TEFb through HDAC3 and HEXIM1-dependent mechanism to promote gene-specific transcriptional repression

Hypoxia is associated with a variety of physiological and pathological conditions and elicits specific transcriptional responses. The elongation competence of RNA Polymerase II is regulated by the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb)-dependent phosphorylation of Ser2 residues on its C-terminal domain. Here, we report that hypoxia inhibits transcription at the level of elongation. The mechanism involves enhanced formation of inactive complex of P-TEFb with its inhibitor HEXIM1 in an HDAC3-dependent manner. Microarray transcriptome profiling of hypoxia primary response genes identified ∼79% of these genes being HEXIM1-dependent. Hypoxic repression of P-TEFb was associated with reduced acetylation of its Cdk9 and Cyclin T1 subunits. Hypoxia caused nuclear translocation and co-localization of the Cdk9 and HDAC3/N-CoR repressor complex. We demonstrated that the described mechanism is involved in hypoxic repression of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene. Thus, HEXIM1 and HDAC-dependent deacetylation of Cdk9 and Cyclin T1 in response to hypoxia signalling alters the P-TEFb functional equilibrium, resulting in repression of transcription.
Activity summarisation and fall detection in a supportive home environment

Automatic semantic summarisation of human activity and detection of unusual inactivity are useful goals for a vision system operating in a supportive home environment. Learned models of spatial context are used in conjunction with a tracker to achieve these goals. The tracker uses a coarse ellipse model and a particle filter to cope with cluttered scenes with multiple sources of illumination. Summarisation in terms of semantic regions is demonstrated using acted scenes through automatic recovery of the instructions given to the actor. The use of 'unusual inactivity' detection as a cue for fall detection is also demonstrated.
ON GENERALIZED EMPIRICAL LIKELIHOOD METHODS

We introduce estimation and test procedures through divergence minimization for models satisfying linear constraints with unknown parameter. These procedures extend the em- pirical likelihood (EL) method and share common features with generalized empirical likelihood (GEL) approach. We treat the problems of existence and characterization of the divergence projections of probability measures on sets of signed finite measures. Our approach allows to obtain the limit distributions of the estimates and test statistics (including the EL ones) under alternatives and misspecification. The asymptotic behavior of the estimates and test statistics are studied both under the model and under alternatives including misspecification, using the dual representation of the divergences and the explicit forms of the divergence projections. An approximation to the power function is deduced as well as the sample size which ensures a desired power for a given alternative.
Developing a framework for researching children’s online risks and opportunities in Europe

In order to develop the academic and policy agendas for researching children’s online risks and opportunities, the EC’s Safer Internet Programme (subsequently renamed Better Internet for Kids) funded the EU Kids Online network from 2006 to 2014. This collaboration among some 150 researchers in 33 countries across Europe brought together diverse disciplines, methodological expertise and research specialisms (for an overview, see Livingstone, 2014). Such an innovative project has needed a strong multidisciplinary research framework to guide the design and conduct of its empirical research and the construction of specific hypotheses for data analysis and policy implications.
Separating the sex from the object: conceptualizing sexualization and (sexual) objectification in Flemish preteens’ popular television programs

Abstract Media effects research has confirmed that sexualizing media exposure can negatively affect preteens’ body image and sexual development. While there is a link between sexualizing content and adverse outcomes such as self-objectification and body dissatisfaction, an interest in sexual media content is a normal part of healthy sexual development during the preteen years. Hence, research is needed that examines the variety in preteens’ sexual media diet thereby addressing the subtleties involved in sexualizing media. To what extent do sexual content, appearance-related content, sexual objectification, and objectification occur in Flemish preteens’ favorite TV shows? And, how are these different types of content related to gender roles? Seeking to address these questions, this article reports on a quantitative content analysis of 24 episodes from five TV shows popular among Flemish preteens. Drawing on a sample of 465 scenes, results demonstrated that one in five scenes contained sexual behavior, and one in ten contained sexual objectification. Male characters were sexually objectified as often as female characters. Women were more often judged for their appearance, but were also more often shown treating others as objects in a non-sexual way. Results are discussed in light of objectification and social cognitive theory, culminating in suggestions for future research and implications for parents.
Adapting the tf idf vector-space model to domain specific information retrieval

The default implementation in Lucene, an open-source search engine, is the well-known vector-space model with tf idf weighting. The objective of this paper is to propose and evaluate additional techniques that can be adapted to this search model, in order to meet the particular needs of domainspecific information retrieval (IR). In this paper, we suggest certain specificity measures derived from either information theory or corpus-based linguistics. As an additional feature we suggest accounting for the number of search terms that a query and retrieved documents have in common. To integrate these methods we design and implement four extensions to the classical tf idf model and then evaluate the new IR models by applying them to four different domain-specific collections and comparing them to results found by a probabilistic retrieval model. The results tend to demonstrate that the adapted vector-space models clearly outperform the baseline approach (tf idf) and that performance levels obtained even surpass those found in the Okapi model.
Keeping up day-specific effects of transformational leadership: the role of followers’ emotion regulation

ABSTRACT This diary study examines the role of day-specific transformational leadership for followers’ personal initiative. Building on Affective Events Theory, we proposed a direct effect of day-specific transformational leadership on followers’ personal initiative on the same day. Furthermore, we took a closer look at lagged effects of day-specific transformational leadership. More specifically, we hypothesized that positive effects of one day’s transformational leadership can endure until the next day for followers who apply beneficial emotion regulation strategies. We conducted a diary study over five consecutive working days among 97 employees. Two-level hierarchical linear modelling supported our hypotheses. As expected, day-specific transformational leadership positively predicted followers’ personal initiative on the same day. Furthermore, concerning the association between day-specific transformational leadership and followers’ personal initiative on the following day, there was a positive relation for followers applying beneficial emotion regulation strategies in terms of high cognitive reappraisal and low expressive suppression, respectively.