Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Staining of bacteria in tissue sections: a reliable gram stain method.

A consistently reliable Gram stain procedure which differentially stains both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in tissue sections is presented. A comparison of this new method with well known Gram stain methods demonstrates its superiority in differentially staining Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria in control (experimental) tissue lesions when types of fixatives, duration of tissue storage prior to paraffin embedment, types of embedding agents, and section thickness are varied. This method has also proved superior to others in demonstrating many different types of bacteria and other infectious agents in sections of tissue derived from human lesions.
The link between the laboratory and learning

There is a story, perhaps apocryphal, that when a caller expressed interest in seeing his laboratory, Cavendish ordered his butler to bring it in on a tray. That was two hundred years ago, and science laboratories have grown far beyond that, encompassing whole institutions. Even in schools they are commonly large, well‐equipped rooms, expensive to establish and maintain, served by specialist assistants. Despite the cost, laboratories are so embedded in the practice of science teaching it is difficult to imagine doing without them. Yet their purpose is not universally agreed, and evdence of their effect is equivocal.
Prediction of chaotic time series based on the recurrent predictor neural network

Chaos limits predictability so that the long-term prediction of chaotic time series is very difficult. The main purpose of this paper is to study a new methodology to model and predict chaotic time series based on a new recurrent predictor neural network (RPNN). This method realizes long-term prediction by making accurate multistep predictions. This RPNN consists of nonlinearly operated nodes whose outputs are only connected with the inputs of themselves and the latter nodes. The connections may contain multiple branches with time delays. An extended algorithm of self-adaptive back-propagation through time (BPTT) learning algorithm is used to train the RPNN. In simulation, two performance measures [root-mean-square error (RMSE) and prediction accuracy (PA)] show that the proposed method is more effective and accurate for multistep prediction. It can identify the systems characteristics quite well and provide a new way to make long-term prediction of the chaotic time series.
The Effects of Business-to-Business E-Commerce on Transaction Costs

This paper studies transaction costs changes arising from the introduction of the Internet in transactions between firms. We divide transaction costs into coordination costs and motivation costs. We classify coordination efficiencies into three categories: process improvements, marketplace benefits, and indirect improvements. For motivation costs, we focus on informational asymmetries. We apply this framework to internal data from an Internet-based firm to measure process improvements, marketplace benefits, and motivation costs. Our results suggest potentially large process improvements and marketplace benefits. We find little evidence that informational asymmetries are more important in the electronic marketplace than in the existing physical ones. Copyright 2001 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
A randomised efficacy and discontinuation study of etanercept versus adalimumab (RED SEA) for rheumatoid arthritis: a pragmatic, unblinded, non-inferiority study of first TNF inhibitor use: outcomes over 2 years

Objective To compare adalimumab versus etanercept in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to test the hypothesis that adalimumab was not inferior to etanercept in terms of drug continuation by a margin of 15% after 52 weeks of treatment. Design Pragmatic, randomised, parallel group, multicentre, unblinded and non-inferiority trial. Randomisation stratified by baseline use of methotrexate. Participants 125 adults with active RA despite treatment with two disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs), including methotrexate randomised (1 : 1) to adalimumab 40 mg alternate weeks or etanercept 50 mg weekly, added to existing medication. Measurements The primary outcome was proportion of patients continuing treatment after 52 weeks. Secondary outcomes included: disease activity score using 28 joints (DAS28), treatment satisfaction (TSQM V.2), health status (Euroqol-5D), drug toxicity and persistence with therapy after 2 years. Results Persistence with therapy was 65% for adalimumab versus 56.7% for etanercept (one-sided 95% CI for proportion still taking adalimumab minus proportion on etanercept ≥−7.9%); demonstrating non-inferiority at the 15% margin. After 2 years these figures were: adalimumab 58.3% and etanecept 43.3% (CI ≥−1.7%). The proportion of good, moderate and non-responders based on DAS28-C reactive protein, after 52 weeks, were 26.3%, 33.3% and 40.4%, respectively, for adalimumab versus 16.7%, 31.7% and 51.7%, respectively, for etanercept (p=0.158). Baseline median EQ-5D scores improved from 0.52 to 0.69 for adalimumab and from 0.52 to 0.64 for etanercept (p=0.046) after 52 weeks. Global satisfaction, effectiveness, side effects and convenience scores based on the TSQM were similar for both drugs. Fourteen serious adverse events occurred including two deaths from myocardial infarction, one patient with ovarian cancer and one with acute myeloid leukaemia. Conclusions Clinicians choosing a first tumour necrosis factor inhibitor for active RA, despite trying two DMARDs including methotrexate, may choose either adalimumab or etanercept in the knowledge that these drugs are similarly effective. Clinical trial registration number EU Clinical Trials Register 2006-006275-21/GB.
Properties of the Quantum Channel

Quantum information processing exploits the quantum nature of information. It offers fundamentally new solutions in the field of computer science and extends the possibilities to a level that cannot be imagined in classical communication systems. For quantum communication channels, many new capacity definitions were developed in comparison to classical counterparts. A quantum channel can be used to realize classical information transmission or to deliver quantum information, such as quantum entanglement. In this paper we overview the properties of the quantum communication channel, the various capacity measures and the fundamental differences between the classical and quantum channels.
Relation of maternal intelligence and schooling to offspring nutritional intake

For parents and children living in less developed countries the contributions of maternal education level to child survival and growth has been well established. What is less clear is the mechanism through which more education for women in less developed countries translates into positive child outcomes. Given evidence linking education to adult intellectual performance, and evidence linking children’s dietary quality to development, we hypothesised that more educated or more intelligent women in less developed countries may be providing a more nutritionally adequate diet to their offspring. This hypothesis was tested on a sample of 76 Egyptian mothers and their toddlers and a sample of 57 Egyptian mothers and their school age children living in an agricultural village outside of Cairo. Our predictor variables consisted of family demographics, maternal years of education, and maternal performance on four subscales from the Egyptian WAIS-R plus the Raven’s Matrices. Over a 12-month period dieticians collected monthly data on offspring dietary intake, including macronutrients (protein, calories), and micronutrients (trace minerals and vitamins). After controlling for family socioeconomic status, total caloric intake, and maternal educational level, results indicated that maternal intelligence was a unique predictor of toddler dietary quality intake. For school age children, after partialling, maternal educational level rather than maternal intelligence was found to be a better predictor of offspring nutritional intake. Implications of these results for understanding variability in children’s food intake are discussed.
Sympathetic neuromuscular transmission in rat tail artery: a study based on electrochemical, electrophysiological and mechanical recording.

The main purpose of the present thesis was to study sympathetic neuromuscular transmission at the varicosity level, in proximal regions of the isolated tail artery of 'adult' normotensive rat. The strategy was to compare the release and extracellular life-times of ATP and NA, as revealed by electrophysiological and electrochemical methods, respectively, with the contractile response to electrical field stimulation with a single pulse up to 20 min of stimulation at 20 Hz. The extracellularly recorded excitatory junction current (EJC) resolved, based on evidence in the literature, the quantal pulse-by-pulse release of ATP. The electrochemical signal, which reflected the rise and fall in the NA concentration at the surface of the carbon fibre electrode following nerve stimulation (termed delta[NA]CF), monitored on-line and 'in real time', the changes in the NA concentration at the surface of the artery. The total duration of the evoked EJC and delta[NA]CF responses indicated that the life-time of the ATP and NA released by a single pulse, or by short trains (10 pulses) at 50 Hz, was less than 100 ms or 3 sec, respectively. The corresponding contractile responses were mediated by both ATP (or a related nucleotide) and NA (but probably not NPY) via postjunctional P2x-purinoceptors, alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors, respectively, and occurred with long delays during which the released ATP and NA had been virtually eliminated or removed from the respective receptors. The kinetics of these contractile responses are thus not determined by the duration of the presence of transmitters at the postjunctional receptors driving the contractions but by post-receptor mechanisms. The large differences in the time-course of these three components of the neurogenic contraction and the interaction between them reveal a novel, kinetic aspect of NA-ATP co-transmission. The relative contribution of NA and ATP to the neurogenic contraction and the relative role of components mediated via alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors varied with the length and frequency of the stimulus trains. The ATP-mediated component of this response was always fast and normally small but could be powerful under certain conditions (e.g. in 'young' rats, or in the presence of K(+)-channel blocker). In addition, the results suggest that ATP released by field stimulation restricted both components of the NA-induced neurogenic contraction. The source(s) of the ATP exerting this inhibitory effect and the mechanisms of the inhibition are not clear at present. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Angry Juror: Sentencing Decisions in First‐Degree Murder

A great deal of research in legal decision making has overlooked the influence of affect on the decision-making process. The present study measured the fluctuation of emotions across five time points of a capital trial and tested the overall relationship between changes in emotion and sentencing decisions. The results showed that across all participants, anger initially increased and then decreased during the course of a capital punishment trial. Most importantly, the more individual mock jurors' anger increased during any stage of the trial, the more likely they were to assign a death sentence. Furthermore, when jurors' anger increased, they rated mitigating factors presented by the defense as weaker and the weaker mitigation mediated the relationship between change in anger and sentencing. The paper ends with a discussion of theoretical explanations and policy implications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Validation of a verbal dyspnoea rating scale in the emergency department

Objective: Use of a verbal dyspnoea rating scale in the emergency department (ED) has many potential benefits, providing information to clinicians otherwise not afforded by objective parameters. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the validity of a verbal dyspnoea rating scale, previously validated in the setting of cardiac stress tests, among patients presenting to the ED with acute shortness of breath (SOB).
Der Foto-Interessentest Serie FIT 2003 Zur Erfassung von Berufsinteressen mittels fotografischer Stimuli

Zusammenfassung. Berufsinteressen spielen in der Berufspsychologie und in der Berufs- und Laufbahnberatung eine wichtige Rolle. Die meisten Berufsinteresseninventare beruhen auf verbalen Reizgrundlagen, der Foto-Interessentest (FIT) mit Berufsfotos von Gubler und Gerosa verwendet hingegen fotografische Stimuli. Der Test stutzt sich auf zwei verschiedene Modelle von Berufsinteressen: die neun Berufsfelder von Egloff und die RIASEC-Dimensionen von Holland. Inzwischen wurde der ursprungliche FIT 1998 zum zweiten Mal (Serien 2000 und 2003) aktualisiert und uberarbeitet hin zur Serie FIT 2003. Die Neukonstruktion, Uberprufung und Normierung des Tests anhand einer Stichprobe von 438 Jugendlichen unterstutzt dessen Anwendung. Ergebnisse bezuglich Reliabilitat und Validitat der Holland-Dimensionen werden berichtet. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Geschlechtern und den Schultypen entsprechen in der Stichprobe uberwiegend den Ergebnissen von verbalen Berufsinteressentests. Die Alterskohorten von 14-, 15- und.
New Knowledge Products As Bricolage: Metaphors and Scripts in Organizational Theory

We argue that three epistemic scripts of knowledge production—evolution, differentiation, and bricolage—underpin the production—that is, the conception and the presentation—of new organizational theories. Bricolage of concepts, empirical material, and metaphors enables the conception of new theories, whereas evolution and differentiation, carrying higher academic legitimacy, predominate in theory presentation. We develop an integrative model and provide an illustration from organizational institutionalism to delineate how metaphors and scripts influence organizational theory production.
Modeling and simulation of scalable Cloud computing environments and the CloudSim toolkit: Challenges and opportunities

Cloud computing aims to power the next generation data centers and enables application service providers to lease data center capabilities for deploying applications depending on user QoS (Quality of Service) requirements. Cloud applications have different composition, configuration, and deployment requirements. Quantifying the performance of resource allocation policies and application scheduling algorithms at finer details in Cloud computing environments for different application and service models under varying load, energy performance (power consumption, heat dissipation), and system size is a challenging problem to tackle. To simplify this process, in this paper we propose CloudSim: an extensible simulation toolkit that enables modelling and simulation of Cloud computing environments. The CloudSim toolkit supports modelling and creation of one or more virtual machines (VMs) on a simulated node of a Data Center, jobs, and their mapping to suitable VMs. It also allows simulation of multiple Data Centers to enable a study on federation and associated policies for migration of VMs for reliability and automatic scaling of applications.
Listening to Reporters or Engineers? How Instance-Based Messages About Building Design Affect Earthquake Fatalism

Attributions are shaped by information about the causal mechanisms that produce outcomes. Two studies examined the effect of mechanism information on attributions for earthquake damage and judgments that the damage could be prevented. Scenarios based on actual reports of earthquakes compared 2 messages about the building design of damaged buildings. Accurate rate-based messages stated that well-designed buildings were resilient, whereas fatalistic, instance-based messages stated that well-designed buildings were damaged. In Study 2, to vary source credibility, the message source was either an engineer or a reporter. Participants made less fatalistic inferences and attributions with rate-based messages than with instance-based messages, regardless of the source. These findings show that rate-based messages are likely to reduce fatalism about earthquakes and other risks.
Vision-Based Autonomous Landing for Small-Scale Unmanned Rotorcraft

Autonomous landing is a challenging issue for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This paper presents a system that provides vision-based autonomous landing for small-scale unmanned rotorcraft. This approach utilizes dual image sensors facing downward and performs digital image processing techniques such as the blocked histogram matching and the template matching techniques to ensure the timeliness in altitude estimations. The experimental results show the applicability of these approaches in real-world flights.
The Wavelength Calibration of the WFC grism

We present the wavelength solution derived for the G800L grism with the Wide Field Channel from the spectra of two Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars, WR 45 and WR 96. The data were acquired in-orbit during the SMOV tests and the early INTERIM calibration program. We have obtained an average dispersion of 39.2 A/pix in the first order, 20.5 A/pix in the second and -42.5 A/pix in the negative first order. We show that the wavelength solution is strongly field-dependent, with an amplitude of the variation of about 11% from the center of the WFC aperture to the corners. The direction of the field-dependence is the diagonal from the image left top corner (amplifier A) to the bottom right corner (amplifier D). These trends are observed for all grism orders. We also describe the calibration files derived from the SMOV and INTERIM data which are used by the ST-ECF slitless extraction code aXe.
Vertebrate hosts of Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in California

ABSTRACT The western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls, is an important parasite and vector of disease agents that affect human and animal health in the western United States. This paper presents a review of all published California host records for I. pacificus. Unpublished data from public health, academic, and vector control agencies and researchers were reviewed as well. Host species were identified for each active life stage (larvae, nymph and adult). A total of 108 vertebrate species in three classes (Mammalia, Aves, and Reptilia) were identified as hosts for at least one life stage of I. pacificus. Adult I. pacificus were recorded from 29 species of mammals, 2 species of birds, and 1 reptile species. Nymphal I. pacificus were recorded from 30 species of mammals, 38 species of birds, and 8 reptile species. Larval I. pacificus were recorded from 29 species of mammals, 43 species of birds, and 8 species of reptiles. A table depicting the taxonomic classification of host species is provided. This review adds eight new host records to the California list of recognized vertebrate host species for I. pacificus.
FLEXIBLE ACCUMULATION AND THE RISE OF BUSINESS SERVICES

In spite of the economic and social significance of the switch to service employment in recent decades, the role of services in modern processes of spatial transformation is still theoretically marginalized. Service changes are clearly implicated in the emergence of new forms of capital accumulation, and therefore in modem patterns of spatial inequality. Business service functions form a growing element in the expertise supporting rhodem capitalism, which also includes that directly employed by their client organizations. Business service growth is seen as one facet of the 'flexible' use of skilled labour resources, possessing its own powerful dynamic, based in expertise that even large organizations cannot command. Capitalist accumulation is increasingly dominated by the contract between capital and expert labour. Among the important implications for contemporary change of the growth of business services, those considered here relate to trends in the organization of production, in patterns of technological change, in the relative roles of large and small firms, and in employment. Socially and geographically, the growth of independent business service functions exerts strong pressures towards the polarization of the quality of labour demand and economic opportunity.
Governing Soviet Cities: Bureaucratic Politics and Urban Development in the USSR

This book is an introduction to industrial sociology, defined (p. 15) as the study of an enterprise as a social system which interrelates different individuals and departments. A merit of the work is that Podmarkov is not as concerned with criticizing American industrial sociology as he is in reporting on writing and research in the Soviet Union. Moreover, he does not hesitate to mention problems in Soviet enterprises—for example, the case of workers in Perm who expressed open dissatisfaction with their jobs. Several introductory chapters deal with concepts of work that industrial sociologists have applied to Soviet industry. Next there are chapters covering the structure of particular enterprises and the function of their leaders. Problems of planning are discussed and, as is traditional in Soviet research, the question of leisure time. The concluding chapters deal with sociological research and methodology. An appendix of twenty-five pages describes particular jobs and their roles in the enterprise. In most chapters the author begins with a discussion of technology (that is, machines) and then proceeds to examine economic and social considerations. In a comparison of the United States and the USSR, the book states that the average number of employees in an American enterprise is about 50, and in the Soviet Union about 560. In 1970, it is reported, 48 percent of all employees in the Soviet Union were women. One learns that the Soviet Union starts three hundred to four hundred new production units each year (p. 91). The Soviet researchers also note that it is not an infrequent occurrence for employees to bypass an immediate supervisor to complain to a top official. When employees evaluate their positions in a factory, their answers are classified as "objective" or "subjective. " It appears that the subjective variables, or reports on relations between persons, are gaining greater recognition in Soviet research. Soviet researchers are just beginning to report on certain difficulties in their industrial organization—for example, the criteria for assigning workers to their particular duties. This problem is listed as most important by Russian employees, whereas the quality of the work produced is ranked fifth by foremen in their evaluations. Since the quality of production is apparently being stressed in the Soviet Union, the foremen can be expected to change their evaluation.