Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Signs at presentation Patient experiences the worst headache of his or her life

N ontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), usually from a ruptured aneurysm, often results in death or disability. Population-based mortality rates are as high as 45%. Although swift diagnosis and treatment are critical for good outcome, misdiagnosis and treatment delays are still common. For this reason, when a patient presents with a sudden severe headache—the cardinal symptom of SAH—or with a less severe headache and other warning symptoms, the physician’s first response is to determine whether the headache is caused by SAH from an aneurysm or other bleeding vascular malformation. If the patient is in good clinical condition (i.e., awake, interactive, and with no more than one cranial nerve deficit), the family physician may have the best chance to ensure that the patient is correctly diagnosed and quickly treated. In a family practice of 2,000 patients, on average, one patient every seven to eight years will present with SAH. If there is reasonable suspicion of SAH, the patient should be urgently transferred to a highvolume treatment center that has experienced surgeons, because these centers have been associated with better outcomes.
The Proficiency-Congruency Dilemma: Virtual Team Design and Performance in Multiplayer Online Games

Multiplayer online battle arena games provide an excellent opportunity to study team performance. When designing a team, players must negotiate a proficiency-congruency dilemma between selecting roles that best match their experience and roles that best complement the existing roles on the team. We adopt a mixed-methods approach to explore how players negotiate this dilemma. Using data from League of Legends, we define a similarity space to operationalize team design constructs about role proficiency, generality, and congruency. We collect publicly available data from 3.36 million players to test the influence of these constructs on team performance. We also conduct focus groups with novice and elite players to understand how players' team design practices vary with expertise. We find that the two factors, player proficiency and team congruency, both increase team performance, with the former having a stronger impact. We also find that elite players are better at balancing the two factors than the novice players. These findings have implications for players, designers, and theorists about how to recommend team designs that jointly prioritize individuals' expertise and teams' compatibility.
Orthonormal integer block transforms for lossless coding: design and performance analysis

In this paper a general framework for N-point, where N is any positive integer power of 2, orthonormal block transforms that map integers to integers using the lifting scheme is presented. The design of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) that maps integers to integers (I2I-DCT), the Discrete Sine Transform that maps integers to integers (I2I-DST) and the Walsh Hadamard Transform that maps integer to integers (I2I-WHT) is presented. The main significance of this design is that the orthonormal property of the transforms is maintained by proper normalisation while preserving the integer to integer mapping and perfect reconstruction. This makes these transforms usable in both lossless and lossy image coding, especially in scalable lossless coding. The coding performance of these transforms is evaluated in lossless image coding and lossless video coding applications.
A Review on Beneficial Effects of PGPR and Noble Liquid Manures in Enhancing Soil Fertility and Sustainability

Organic manures are natural products derived from organic sources like animal waste, vegetable compost, agricultural residues, human excreta etc. These are actually natural products that decay and get mixed with soil thereby providing plant nutrients and increasing fertility of soil. The bulky organic manures contain nutrients in very small amount and are applied in large quantities. Concentrated organic manures have higher nutrient content than bulky organic manure. The long term indiscriminate use of chemicals during last few decades and the least attention to ecological agricultural principles resulted in soil degradation (physico-chemical and biological properties), ground water pollution and environmental pollution leading to ecological imbalance which has affected the harmony existed among soil, plant, bio-life, animals and human. Organic manure increases the yield and long term usage will give maximum output. Worldwide, there is growing interest in the use of these manures due to depletion in the soil organic carbon International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 04 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Double-Blind Comparison of Addition of a Second Mood Stabilizer Versus an Antidepressant to an Initial Mood Stabilizer for Treatment of Patients With Bipolar Depression

Objective: This study’s purpose was to clarify the appropriate treatment of bipolar depression by comparing the addition of an antidepressant versus a second mood stabilizer for inpatients being treated with lithium carbonate or divalproex sodium. Method: Twenty-seven patients were randomly assigned to groups that received double-blind treatment with paroxetine or a second mood stabilizer (lithium carbonate or divalproex sodium) for 6 weeks. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in depressive symptoms during the 6-week trial. There were significantly more noncompleters in the group being treated with the two mood stabilizers than in the group being treated with a mood stabilizer and paroxetine. Conclusions: Both treatments appeared to be effective; however, the addition of an antidepressant may have greater clinical utility in the treatment of bipolar depression.
Plasma cell immunoglobulin M molecules. Their biosynthesis, assembly, and intracellular transport

Immunoglobulin M (IgM)-secreting murine plasmablasts have been used to explore the cytologic site(s) of the successive modifications of the polypeptide H and L chains (steps of glycosylation, chain assembly, and polymerization) which occur during intracellular transport (ICT) and the interrelationships between these events. A combination of pulse- chase biosynthetic labeling protocols (using amino acids and sugars), subcellular fractionation, and electron microscope autoradiography was used in conjunction with inhibitors of glycosylation and agents (carboxyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone [CCCP] and monensin) which block Ig exit from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) or Golgi cisternae. The data are consistent with the following conclusions: (1) Sugar addition and modification occur in three main steps: (a) en bloc addition of core sugars to nascent H chains, (b) partial trimming of these oligosaccharide chains in the RER, (c) quasiconcerted addition of terminal sugars (galactose, fucose, and sialic acid) in a very distal compartment between monensin-sensitive Golgi cisternae and the cell surface. (2) H and L chain assembly occurs between nascent H chains and a pool of free light chains present in the RER, followed by interchain disulfide bonding and rapid assembly of monomers into J chain- containing pentamers in the RER. Small amounts of various apparently non-obligatory intermediates in polymerization are also formed. (3) Carbohydrate addition is not required for chain assembly, polymerization, and secretion since completely unglycosylated chains (synthesized in the presence of deoxyglucose or tunicamycin) undergo polymerization and are secreted (although at a reduced rate). (4) Surface 8s IgM molecules do not represent a step in the IgM secretory pathway.
Change in Intraocular Pressure Measurement After Myopic LASEK: A Study Evaluating Goldmann, Pascal and Applanation Resonance Tonometry

PurposeTo prospectively evaluate 3 tonometry methods—the gold standard, Goldmann applanation tonometry, a new method, Pascal dynamic contour tonometry (PDCT), and a method under development, applanation resonance tonometry (ART)—with respect to intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements before, 3 and 6 months after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK). Materials and MethodsOne randomly assigned eye of each of 53 healthy individuals, who underwent LASEK surgery for myopia was studied. Visual acuity, central corneal thickness, corneal curvature, and IOP were measured at each visit. Six IOP measurements/methods with 5 minutes pause between methods were performed. ResultsAll tonometry methods measured a significantly lower IOP after LASEK correction by a mean of −3.1 diopters. The IOP reduction was largest after 6 months for Goldmann applanation tonometry (−1.7±1.8 mm Hg) followed by ARTstat (−1.2±1.5 mm Hg), PDCT (−1.1±1.6 mm Hg), and ARTdyn (−1.0±1.5 mm Hg). The reduction of IOP did not differ significantly between different methods (P=0.11). There was a significant further reduction of measured IOP for PDCT between 3 and 6 months (−0.5±1.0 mm Hg). Uncorrected visual acuity improved significantly between 3 and 6 months postoperatively from 1.32±0.28 to 1.43±0.27. ConclusionsAll tonometry methods measured a significant, but low, reduction of IOP 3 and 6 months after LASEK. Further change in visual acuity and IOP measurements between 3 and 6 months suggest a still ongoing postoperative process.
Online Social Networking and Addiction—A Review of the Psychological Literature

Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are virtual communities where users can create individual public profiles, interact with real-life friends, and meet other people based on shared interests. They are seen as a ‘global consumer phenomenon’ with an exponential rise in usage within the last few years. Anecdotal case study evidence suggests that ‘addiction’ to social networks on the Internet may be a potential mental health problem for some users. However, the contemporary scientific literature addressing the addictive qualities of social networks on the Internet is scarce. Therefore, this literature review is intended to provide empirical and conceptual insight into the emerging phenomenon of addiction to SNSs by: (1) outlining SNS usage patterns, (2) examining motivations for SNS usage, (3) examining personalities of SNS users, (4) examining negative consequences of SNS usage, (5) exploring potential SNS addiction, and (6) exploring SNS addiction specificity and comorbidity. The findings indicate that SNSs are predominantly used for social purposes, mostly related to the maintenance of established offline networks. Moreover, extraverts appear to use social networking sites for social enhancement, whereas introverts use it for social compensation, each of which appears to be related to greater usage, as does low conscientiousness and high narcissism. Negative correlates of SNS usage include the decrease in real life social community participation and academic achievement, as well as relationship problems, each of which may be indicative of potential addiction.
Associate "Members of the Club" Speak Out: Individual Response to a State or Regional Association Presidency

The honor of an association presidency is usually a rewarding experience, but it can overwhelm a person who does not have adequate support. Nearly 500 people who were president of a state or regional library association from 1985 through 1994 were surveyed, and three-quarters responded. The resulting data give some insight into how these leaders added association responsibilities to the already full mix of job and family life. Issues of gender and ethnicity were explored as well as the forms of support available from associations, employers, and families. Recommendations focus on the ways in which individuals can better prepare themselves for a presidential role, and the manner in which employers and associations can nurture leaders.
Effects of Saccade Length and Target Luminance on the Refresh Frequency Threshold for the Visibility of Color Break-Up

Field-sequential color displays are susceptible to a visual artefact called color break-up, which is an image-quality problem and may also cause visual discomfort. However, the effect can be greatly reduced by increasing the refresh frequency of the display. In this study, we measured refresh frequency thresholds for color break-up visibility by using a two-alternative forced choice staircase method. Subjects made controlled horizontal saccades so that the gaze followed a white target which abruptly changed position. The white target was a red, green, and blue (RGB) light-emitting diode (LED), in which the red, green, and blue colors were shown sequentially. Saccade length (2, 4, 8, and 14 deg) and target luminance level (2, 31.5, and 500 cd/m) were varied. The contrast between stimulus and background and the size of the stimulus were held constant. The results showed that a refresh frequency as high as 1200 Hz would be needed to completely eliminate the phenomenon. Further, the threshold value increased with saccade length and target luminance. However, the effect of luminance saturated relatively early.
Benefits of Computer-Assisted Instruction to Support Reading Acquisition in English Language Learners

Young children who are English language learners (ELLs) face major challenges in learning to read English. This study examined whether computer-assisted instruction (CAI) can be beneficial to ELL kindergartners enrolled in bilingual classes. The CAI programs provided systematic and structured exercises in developing phonological awareness and phonics skills. Comparisons were made between a treatment group given CAI support and a control group receiving the same classroom instruction without structured CAI support. Differences in pretest and posttest scores revealed significantly greater gains for the treatment group compared to the control group. The largest discrepancy between groups occurred in the area of phonological awareness. Significant differences favoring the treatment group were also found in sight word recognition. A subanalysis of low performers in the two groups showed similar outcomes as the full groups. Our findings indicate that ELL students benefit from intensive practice in basic reading skills as provided by CAI support.
Endothelial Delta-like 4 (DLL4) promotes renal cell carcinoma hematogenous metastasis

The Notch ligand Delta-like 4 (DLL4) plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis, which is required for tumor invasion and metastasis. Here we showed that DLL4 was elevated in endothelium and Notch signaling was activated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Exogenous DLL4 induced RCC cell migration and invasion by activating intercellular Notch signaling. Importantly, the DLL4/Notch/Hey1/MMP9 cascades connecting the endothelium to the cancer cells in metastasis were identified. Knockdown of Hey1 decreased expression of MMP9 and attenuated tumor invasion. The clinical investigation on 120 cases of RCC specimens indicated that expressions of Hey1 and MMP9 correlated with DLL4 density. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that tumor hematogenous metastasis not only was depended on microvessel density but was also associated with tumor size and DLL4 density. During 4-year surveillance, high-level of DLL4 density was associated with a higher probability of developing metastasis and being sensitive to target therapies. Our data suggest that RCC progression is caused in part by activated DLL4/Notch signaling, interaction of endothelium and cells, which can be therapeutically targeted.
Multi-user MIMO strategies for a millimeter wave communication system using hybrid beam-forming

This paper presents the theoretical capacity performance of different downlink multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) beam-forming strategies for a millimeter wave communication system using hybrid beam-forming. Hybrid beam-forming uses both RF and digital beam-forming and is a practical way to achieve the antenna array gains required when the large bandwidths available at millimeter wave frequencies are utilized. Since both RF and digital beam-forming are used, there are various possible beam-forming approaches. We investigate a system which uses code book based RF beam-forming with non-code book based digital beam-forming which utilizes sounding reference symbol (SRS) based uplink measurements for TDD operation. For this system we examine different strategies for selecting the RF beams in conjunction with different digital pre-coding schemes to support MU-MIMO. The performances of the different strategies are simulated under the assumption of perfect channel knowledge at the base station and at the mobile station.
Follicle stimulating hormone receptor in mesenchymal stem cells integrates effects of glycoprotein reproductive hormones

Previously we reported that follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) affects bone degradation in human cells and in follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSH‐R) null mice. Here we describe a FSH‐R knockout bone‐formation phenotype. We used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblast precursors that express FSH‐R, to determine whether FSH regulates bone formation. FSH stimulates MSC cell adhesion 1–3 h and proliferation at 24 h after addition. On the basis of phylogenetic and clinical precedents, we also examined effects of pregnant levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on MSCs. We found effects similar to those of FSH, and RNAi knockdown of FSH‐R abrogated both FSH and hCG effects on MSCs. In contrast to effects on MSCs, neither FSH nor hCG had significant effects on osteoblast maturation. Also in MSCs, short‐term treatment by FSH and hCG altered signaling pathways for proliferation, including Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Our results show augmentation of MSC proliferation by either FSH at menopausal levels or hCG at normal pregnant levels. We conclude that FSH‐R participates in regulation of MSC precursor pools in response to either FSH or hCG, integrating the effects of these two glycoprotein hormones.
Mapping the landscape of gay men's football

Traditionally and in popular culture, football has been associated with particular hegemonic representations of masculinity, including notably heterosexuality. A direct challenge to these attitudes has come from the growth in the number of gay football clubs. This paper explores the reasons for this development and examines the experiences of gay men who play for clubs which compete in specifically gay leagues and also, in some cases, established leagues. Clubs have taken positive and affirmative action to enable them to achieve their primary purpose of playing football. In doing so, they have often tackled homophobia in ways that eschew the conventional punitive approaches associated with organisational actions towards discrimination. Through semi‐structured interviews, focus groups and participant observation, a picture has emerged of gay men's football in the UK today which suggests that a new set of values and principles is emerging that underpins the way they play; aggression and hostility are often eschewed in favour of genuine inclusion and gamesmanship. Gay football is also perceived as a meaningful alternative to ‘the gay scene’ although the reality seems to be that the scene remains a strong part of the culture. Community health issues are evident from the number of players who report positive personal gains from the experience; furthermore, many feel, for the first time, that they genuinely belong within a community.
Chunk learning and the development of spoken discourse in a Japanese as a foreign language classroom

This study examined the development of spoken discourse among L2 learners of Japanese who received extensive practice on grammatical chunks. Participants in this study were 22 college students enrolled in an elementary Japanese course. They received instruction on a set of grammatical chunks in class through communicative drills and the memorization of dialogues that contained the target chunks. The development of the students' spoken discourse was examined through spontaneous conversations and narrative tasks administered twice during the semester at five-week intervals. Results showed that the students produced twice as many grammatical chunks in the second data collection session, with a wider range of chunk types. The frequency and range of the chunks in the narrative task were about half of those recorded in the conversation task. The participants also showed increasing sensitivity to discourse features over time, suggesting that memorized chunks served as a basis for the creative construction of discourse.
A Simple Named Entity Extractor using AdaBoost

This paper presents a Named Entity Extraction (NEE) system for the CoNLL-2003 shared task competition. As in the past year edition (Carreras et al., 2002a), we have approached the task by treating the two main sub–tasks of the problem, recognition (NER) and classification (NEC), sequentially and independently with separate modules. Both modules are machine learning based systems, which make use of binary and multiclass AdaBoost classifiers. Named Entity recognition is performed as a greedy sequence tagging procedure under the well–known BIO labelling scheme. This tagging process makes use of three binary classifiers trained to be experts on the recognition of B, I, and O labels, respectively. Named Entity classification is viewed as a 4–class classification problem (with LOC, PER, ORG, and MISC class labels), which is straightforwardly addressed by the use of a multiclass learning algorithm. The system presented here consists of a replication, with some minor changes, of the system that obtained the best results in the CoNLL-2002 NEE task. Therefore, it can be considered as a benchmark of the state–of–the– art technology for the current edition, and will allow also to make comparisons about the training corpora of both editions.
The comparison of folate and vitamin B12 levels between depressive and nondepressive postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND/AIM To investigate if there is any association between the serum folate and vitamin B12 status and the depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 95 postmenopausal women. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess their depressive symptoms. The investigated women were classified into 2 groups based on the existence of depressive symptoms. These 2 groups were compared in terms of folic acid and vitamin B12 levels. RESULTS Among 95 cases, 27 postmenopausal women scored 16 or more on the CES-D scale and were classified as the depressive group (Group 1), and 68 postmenopausal women scored 15 or less and were classified as the nondepressive group (Group 2). The serum levels of folate were 11.5 ± 5.4 ng/mL in group 1 and 12.3 ± 5.3 ng/mL in group 2. The concentrations of vitamin B12 were 456.2 ± 343.4 pg/mL in group 1 and 446.5 ± 165.1 pg/mL in group 2. The folate and vitamin B12 levels did not significantly correlate to the frequency of depressive symptoms (P = 0.52 and P = 0.24, respectively). CONCLUSION In this study, no correlation was detected between serum folate and vitamin B12 levels and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women. Supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B12 for postmenopausal women does not seem to be an effective intervention to reduce depressive symptoms.
Selective triggering of B cell subpopulations by mitogens

We studied the pattern of responsiveness of normal spleen cells to three different B cell mitogens: dextran sulfate (DS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD). Activation by DS results in extensive proliferation of cells, most of which are not high‐rate antibody‐secreting cells and can be reactivated. PPD activates high‐rate antibody synthesis in cells which are more restricted in mitotic capacity. LPS seems to activate both of these subsets of B cells.