Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethnographic Analysis of Expressed Emotions in Pakistani Families of Patients with Schizophrenia

Family expressed emotions (EE) have been found to be closely linked with the course of the disorder in patients with schizophrenia. Despite substantial cross-cultural differences in rates and impact of EE, a qualitative understanding of the construct is missing in relevant literature. This work was undertaken in Pakistan to understand the indigenous expression of emotional overinvolvement, criticism, and hostility as the primary components of the construct. We transcribed and conducted content analysis on the audio-recorded Camberwell Family Interviews of sixty-four caregivers to search the statements indicating these three elements. The frequency of statements showing overinvolved behavior surpasses all other accounts indicating criticism or hostility. Although many emotionally overinvolved behaviors are culturally relevant, some behaviors of the relatives, particularly of mothers, are above and beyond the cultural expectations. Outcome studies are warranted to determine whether extreme sacrificing and devoted behavior is pathological or a part of the culture. Criticism is mostly directed to socially objectionable behavior followed by personality traits of the patients. The higher frequency of hostility may be explained by specific socio-cultural factors. This ethnographic analysis shows that expressed emotions is not a culture specific construct. However, cultural distinctive patterns of emotional overinvolvement and critical attitude may exist across cultures.
There's No Time Like the Present: The Cost of Delaying Retirement Saving

Many people delay joining a pension plan until well into their working lives. We use a stochastic simulation model to show the cost of this delay in terms of the higher pension contributions that must eventually be paid to ensure an adequate retirement income. We find the levels of contributions required for individuals who start saving late are so high it is questionable whether they are affordable for anyone not on a high income. We also analyse the cost in terms of reduced pension of an interrupted labour market history, such as that experienced by someone who leaves work for a period to bring up a family.
Cytological Study of Pleural Effusions and its Utility in Clinical Approach

Background: Cytological analyses of pleural effusions play an important role in the diagnosis of various lesions. Most importantly it gives a significant contribution in diagnosis and management. Methods: A retrospective study for one year duration from January 2015 to December 2015 was conducted in the Cytology section, Department of Pathology, Govt. Medical College & Sir- T hospital Bhavnagar. Pleural fluids which were come for cytological analysis from all the departments are included in the study, then physical examination and microscopy done by staining with Gimsa, Papanicolaou stain and Hematoxylin and Eosin Stains for evaluation. Result: 295 cases of pleural effusion evaluated in which 29% are female and 71% are male and 12% of effusions are Bilateral, 32% are left sided, 57% right sided pleural effusion, 95% non Malignant lesions and only in 5% of cases were reported as malignant and further non-malignant lesions comprises of pleural effusions with reactive mesothelial cells 11% while remaining fluids 40% are of lymphocytic predominant effusions and 13% are of acute inflammatory conditions with abundant polymorphs, remaining 36% of pleural effusions were scant-cellular and have no suggestive role by cytological evaluation. Conclusion: This study showed that meticulous evaluation of the pleural fluids for their cytological properties will help the clinicians in clinching the diagnosis as well as early approach in management of these cases. DOI: 10.21276/APALM.1277
Birth order and childhood type 1 diabetes risk: a pooled analysis of 31 observational studies.

BACKGROUND The incidence rates of childhood onset type 1 diabetes are almost universally increasing across the globe but the aetiology of the disease remains largely unknown. We investigated whether birth order is associated with the risk of childhood diabetes by performing a pooled analysis of previous studies. METHODS Relevant studies published before January 2010 were identified from MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE. Authors of studies provided individual patient data or conducted pre-specified analyses. Meta-analysis techniques were used to derive combined odds ratios (ORs), before and after adjustment for confounders, and investigate heterogeneity. RESULTS Data were available for 6 cohort and 25 case-control studies, including 11,955 cases of type 1 diabetes. Overall, there was no evidence of an association prior to adjustment for confounders. After adjustment for maternal age at birth and other confounders, a reduction in the risk of diabetes in second- or later born children became apparent [fully adjusted OR = 0.90 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-0.98; P = 0.02] but this association varied markedly between studies (I² = 67%). An a priori subgroup analysis showed that the association was stronger and more consistent in children < 5 years of age (n = 25 studies, maternal age adjusted OR = 0.84 95% CI 0.75, 0.93; I² = 23%). CONCLUSION Although the association varied between studies, there was some evidence of a lower risk of childhood onset type 1 diabetes with increasing birth order, particularly in children aged < 5 years. This finding could reflect increased exposure to infections in early life in later born children.
Differential effects of Kv11.1 activators on Kv11.1a, Kv11.1b and Kv11.1a/Kv11.1b channels

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Kv11.1 channels are involved in regulating cellular excitability in various tissues including brain, heart and smooth muscle. In these tissues, at least two isoforms, Kv11.1a and Kv11.1b, with different kinetics, are expressed. Kv11.1 activators are potential therapeutic agents, but their effects have only been tested on the Kv11.1a isoform. In this study, the effects of two different Kv11.1 activators, NS1643 and RPR260243, were characterized on Kv11.1a and Kv11.1b channels.
Personality Similarity and Work-Related Outcomes among African-American Nursing Personnel: A Test of the Supplementary Model of Person-Environment Congruence.

Abstract Drawing on the supplementary model of person-environement congruence (Muchinsky & Monahan, 1987), we employed aspects o the five-factor taxonomy of personality to test the effects of personality similarity on job satisfaction, job performance, and organization tenure in a structural model that also included psychological climate and role stress. Based on responses from 206 nursing service employees, we recovered five personality factors using similarity scores computed from the Adjective Check List (Gough & Heilbrun, 1965). Three of these factors (i.e., agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness) were included in an a priori, causal model using a subsample of 171 African Americans to demonstrate significant relations with job performance and organization tenure. The significant relations were incremental to the direct effects of psychological climate and role stress on job satisfaction and to causal influence of satisfaction on tenure.
Creative Hermeneutics: a Comparative Analysis of Three Islamic Approaches

THE modern study of Islamic hermeneutics is in its infancy. One reason for this is the field's vastness. It involves dimensions of almost all the traditional Islamic sciences: Qur'anic commentary, prophetic tradition, jurisprudence, dialectical theology, historiography, the study of Islamic sectarianism, grammar, rhetoric, mysticism, and philosophy. Each of these areas created particular conceptions of textual interpretation, each had its own methodologies, developed over centuries. Each arose and evolved through the efforts of individual participants, within the context of compkx webs of interstitial relationships maintained with other fields of study, in response to the needs of particular intellectual environments, the demands of different historical conditions'.
Virtual team trust: task, communication and sequence

Purpose – This study aims to examine the impact of task interdependence, communication medium, and sequence of conditions on trust in virtual teams.Design/methodology/approach – A pilot experiment was conducted using 22 subjects in eight groups with a mixed 2×2 design. A within‐groups method with repeated measures was used to explore time pressure and task complexity, communication medium and individual perceptions of trust. A between‐groups method was used for sequence of conditions. The four study conditions were: a simple task in a face‐to‐face condition; a complex task in a face‐to‐face condition; a simple task in a computer‐mediated condition; and a complex task in a computer‐mediated condition. Groups were randomly assigned to a starting condition. Each group was rotated through all the conditions. Following each condition, subjects completed the modified Jarvenpaa‐Knoll‐Leidner trust measure assessing their individual perception of trust for that condition.Findings – Significant effects were found .
POI Outcomes in Studies of Growth Groups: A Selected Review

With the growing application of personal-growth-group techniques to the enhance ment of intra- and inter-personal actualizing, a great deal of speculative literature has been generated concerning the possible benefits or damage to the participants. Only recently have the results of a number of studies provided objective evidence concerning the effects of group-therapy techniques. Such studies are, in part, the result of the comparatively recent availability of relevant personality measures sensitive to the measurement of change, including the Personal Orientation In ventory (POI). The article summarizes and integrates the major findings from these studies. The evidence is that positive change from pre- to post-test administrations of the POI are significant for participants in growth-group experiences.
Making sides and taking sides: an analysis of salient images and category constructions for pro- and anti-Gulf War respondents

This paper reports supportive evidence for a modified self-categorisation model of mass social influence, whereby category definitions are determined rhetorically and the character of collective action is shaped through category arguments. The study was conducted shortly after the Gulf War and was concerned with the respective constructions of pro- and anti-war respondents. Respondents were first asked to recall the images of the war which had most impact on them. They were then shown 29 images of the war and asked to rate the impact of each one as well as explain why they had given such impact ratings. Finally, they were asked to select the five images which had most impact on them. The results indicated that different subjects indicated very different views of the categories opposing each other despite the fact that they were characterising the same event. Moreover, the constructions of pro- and anti-war subjects matched those previously having been shown to characterise the rhetoric of pro- and anti-war leaders. Thus pro-war subjects recalled and rated highly those images that were consistent with a construction of the war as opposing the civilised world (ingroup) to Saddam Hussein (outgroup). Anti-war subjects recalled and rated highly those images that were consistent with a construction of the war as opposing ordinary people (ingroup) to business and political leaders prosecuting the war (outgroup). Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pregnancy Outcome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is Improving: Results from a Case Control Study and Literature Review

Objectives For women who suffer from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), pregnancy can be a concern, placing the mother and fetus at risk. Our objectives were to assess the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome, disease flares, fertility rate, and co-morbidities in SLE women compared to healthy controls. We also systematically reviewed the literature available on pregnancy outcome in SLE to compare our results to other published data. Our hypothesis was that pregnancy outcome in SLE is improving over time. Methods A case-control study comparing self-report of the above-mentioned parameters in SLE (N=108) vs healthy controls or patients with non-inflammatory musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders (N=134) was performed. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Proportions, means and odds ratios were calculated. We searched and quantified the literature on pregnancy outcome, lupus reactivation and fertility rate. Data were summarized and presented in mean % ± SEM and median % with interquartile range (IQR). Results Gynecological history, fertility rate and age at first pregnancy in SLE patients were comparable to controls. Eighteen percent of SLE patients reported a flare and 18% reported an improvement of symptoms during pregnancy. Twenty-four percent of lupus patients had at least one preterm delivery vs 5% in controls (OR =8.32, p = 0.0008), however other pregnancy outcomes (miscarriage, therapeutic abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death rate) did not differ between the groups. Thyroid problems were reported to be more likely in SLE patients (p = 0.02), but the prevalence of other co-morbidities was similar to controls. A literature review demonstrated that fertility was not affected in SLE patients. Lupus reactivations are common during pregnancy (36.5% ± SEM 3.3%). Most agreed that SLE pregnancies had more fetal loss (19.5% ± SEM 1.6%) and preterm births (25.5% ± SEM 2.2%) when compared to the general population. Over time, the rate of SLE peripartum flares has improved (p = 0.002) and the proportion of pregnancies resulting in live birth has increased (p = 0.024). The frequency of fetal death has not significantly changed. Our findings from the case-control study were, in general, consistent with the literature including the frequency of fetal death, neonatal death, live births and pregnancy rate. Conclusion Prematurity (25.5% ± SEM 2.2%) and fetal death (19.5% ± SEM 1.6%) in SLE pregnancy are still a concern. However, new strategies with respect to pregnancy timing and multidisciplinary care have improved maternal and fetal outcome in SLE.
Associations of Weight Status, Social Factors, and Active Travel Among College Students

Background: Active travel (AT) is associated with various health benefits and may help prevent the decline in physical activity during college years. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of several factors with AT to campus by weight status. Methods: Students at a large northeastern US campus completed an online survey about demographics, height/weight, frequency and mode of travel to/around campus, and environmental influences for travel choices. Participants were dichotomized into healthy weight ( < 25 kg/m2, n = 552, 72.3%) and overweight ( ≥ 25 kg/m2, n = 211, 27.7%) categories. Descriptive and inferential analyses examined relationships and differences between weight categories. Logistic regression models examined the associations with demographic, psychological, residential, social, and environmental variables with participation in AT. Results: Participants were primarily white (85.3%) and female (62.7%). Healthy weight students were more likely to report AT to campus and AT as their primary mode of travel on campus compared to overweight students. Discussion: These findings provide insight on the association of weight status with environmental and community influences for AT and identifies possible targets for intervention. Translation to Health Education Practice: College health educators can use these findings to set relevant policy and environment goals to target student AT participation.
Nearer My God to Thee: Self–God Overlap and Believers' Relationships with God

Three studies, using two community samples (ns = 39 and 78) and a university student sample of Christian believers in God (n = 76), found that more religious people report greater self–other overlap with God. Three measures of self–God overlap were used: the Inclusion of Other in Self (IOS) scale, a dynamic version of the IOS, and an adjective checklist that was used to compute the percentage of traits that were shared between self and God. Study 1 compared evangelicals and atheists; Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated that two components of religiosity, religious conservatism and awareness of God, independently predicted self–God overlap among Christian believers. The findings suggest that believers' relationships with God parallel other close relationships with human others.
Influences of nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon addition on plant productivity and species richness in an alpine meadow

Plots in an alpine meadow fertilized with Si in combination with either N or P had higher aboveground primary productivity (APP) and higher species richness than when fertilized with N or P alone. Our finding highlights the importance of Si in improving APP and alleviating N fertilization-induced biodiversity loss in grasslands, and will help improve our ability to predict community composition and biomass dynamics in alpine meadow ecosystems subject to changing nutrient availability.
TEMA and Dot Enumeration Profiles Predict Mental Addition Problem Solving Speed Longitudinally

Different math indices can be used to assess math potential at school entry. We evaluated whether standardized math achievement (TEMA-2 performance), core number abilities (dot enumeration, symbolic magnitude comparison), non-verbal intelligence (NVIQ) and visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM), in combination or separately, predicted mental addition problem solving speed over time. We assessed 267 children’s TEMA-2, magnitude comparison, dot enumeration, and VSWM abilities at school entry (5 years) and NVIQ at 8 years. Mental addition problem solving speed was assessed at 6, 8, and 10 years. Longitudinal path analysis supported a model in which dot enumeration performance ability profiles and previous mental addition speed predicted future mental addition speed on all occasions, supporting a componential account of math ability. Standardized math achievement and NVIQ predicted mental addition speed at specific time points, while VSWM and symbolic magnitude comparison did not contribute unique variance to the model. The implications of using standardized math achievement and dot enumeration ability to index math learning potential at school entry are discussed.
Monitoring HIV treatment in resource-limited settings: reassuring news on the usefulness of CD4(+) cell counts.

This editorial comments upon an article that focuses on an assessment of the relative usefulness of virologic and immunologic markers in predicting mortality among HIV-infected women in Nairobi Kenya during 1-2 years of follow-up after delivery. It states that the article is encouraging because it indicates that CD4 cell counts can be used to make decisions about treatment and monitoring of HIV disease progression in resource-limited settings where virologic monitoring is not widely available.
Effect of different recumbent positions on postprandial gastroesophageal reflux in normal subjects

OBJECTIVE:Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is increased in the right compared to the left recumbent position. Esophageal acid exposure is related to the acidity at the cardia, but the effect of body position on the acidity at the cardia has not yet been investigated. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying increased esophageal acid exposure in the right recumbent position.METHODS:On 2 separate days a 4-h combined esophageal and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) manometry and pH recording of esophagus, gastric cardia, and corpus was performed in the right and left recumbent position after a high fat meal in 10 healthy subjects.RESULTS:In the right recumbent position a prolonged esophageal acid exposure (7.0% vs 2.0%, p < 0.03), a higher incidence of reflux episodes (3.8 vs 0.9/h, p < 0.03), more transient LES relaxations (TLESRs) (6.5 vs 3.2/h, p < 0.03), and higher percentage TLESRs associated with reflux (57.0% vs 22.4% p < 0.03) was recorded than in the left supine position. Acidity at gastric cardia and corpus was not affected by body position.CONCLUSIONS:Increased esophageal acid exposure in the right recumbent position relative to the left recumbent position is the result of a higher incidence of GER episodes caused by an increased incidence of TLESRs and higher percentage of TLESRs associated with GER. Body position does not affect the acidity at the gastric cardia and corpus.
A mediating role of destination image in the relationship between event quality, perceived value, and behavioral intention

The purpose of this study was to examine the theoretical relationship between service quality in a sport event, perceived value (PV), destination image, and behavioral intention (BI). This study surveyed 451 spectators who attended the Tour de Korea, an international road bicycling stage race. A series of a structural equation model tests were performed to examine the relationships among the variables. The mediating effect of the destination image was also examined. The results suggest that service quality positively influenced PV, destination image, and BI; PV positively influenced the destination image, but negatively influenced BI; and the destination image plays an important mediating role in the relationship between service quality and BI and the relationship between PV and destination image. To date, only a few empirical studies have examined the theoretical relationship between destination image, service quality, and PV. Particularly, the potential mediating role of the destination image in this relationship has not been systematically examined. As such, these results will make both scientific and practical contributions.
The link between vocabulary knowledge and spoken L2 fluency

In spite of the vast numbers of articles devoted to vocabulary acquisition in a foreign language, few studies address the contribution of lexical knowledge to spoken fluency. The present article begins with basic definitions of the temporal characteristics of oral fluency, summarizing L1 research over several decades, and then presents fluency findings from a corpus of oral productions in three different L2s. Investigation of disfluencies in the corpus (the distribution of long hesitations and two types of retracing) reveal the fundamental role of ‘lexical competence’ in spoken fluency, which should, it is argued, be taken more thoroughly into account in our language-teaching programmes.
Traumatic Stress and Death Anxiety among Community Residents Exposed to a Train Crash

This study aimed to investigate the association between traumatic stress and death anxiety among residents who were exposed to a train crash in Stafford, England. Sixty-six community residents were interviewed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). The results showed that the IES scores of the community residents were significantly lower than the standardized Stress Clinic samples, while they were significantly higher than the standardized medical student samples. Thirty-five percent of residents scored at or above the GHQ cutoff point. The community residents' total death anxiety score was significantly higher than the standardized sample of apartment house residents and was no different from the sample of psychiatric patients. Correlation tests showed no association between death anxiety and traumatic stress. The article ended with some remarks on issues relating to data comparison.