Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Commonly used reference values underestimate oxygen uptake in healthy, 50‐year‐old Swedish women

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold standard among clinical exercise tests. It combines a conventional stress test with measurement of oxygen uptake (VO2) and CO2 production. No validated Swedish reference values exist, and reference values in women are generally understudied. Moreover, the importance of achieved respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and the significance of breathing reserve (BR) at peak exercise in healthy individuals are poorly understood. We compared VO2 at maximal load (peakVO2) and anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT) in healthy Swedish individuals with commonly used reference values, taking gender into account. Further, we analysed maximal workload and peakVO2 with regard to peak RER and BR. In all, 181 healthy, 50‐year‐old individuals (91 women) performed CPET. PeakVO2 was best predicted using Jones et al. (100·5%). Furthermore, underestimation of peakVO2 in women was found for all studied reference values (P<0·001) and was largest for Hansen‐Wasserman: women had 115% of predicted peakVO2, while men had 103%. PeakVO2 was similar in subjects with peak RER of 1–1·1 and RER > 1·1 (2 328·7 versus 2 176·7 ml min−1, P = 0·11). Lower BR (≤30%) related to significantly higher peakVO2 (P<0·001). In conclusion, peakVO2 was best predicted by Jones. All studied reference values underestimated oxygen uptake in women. No evidence for demanding RER > 1·1 in healthy individuals was found. A lowered BR is probably a normal response to higher workloads in healthy individuals.
TrpM8‐mediated somatosensation in mouse neocortex

Somatosensation is a complex sense mediated by more than a dozen distinct neural subtypes in the periphery. Although pressure and touch sensation have been mapped to primary somatosensory cortex in rodents, it has been controversial whether pain and temperature inputs are also directed to this area. Here we use a well‐defined somatosensory modality, cool sensation mediated by peripheral TrpM8‐receptors, to investigate the neural substrate for cool perception in the mouse neocortex. Using activation of cutaneous TrpM8 receptor‐expressing neurons, we identify candidate neocortical areas responsive for cool sensation. Initially, we optimized TrpM8 stimulation and determined that menthol, a selective TrpM8 agonist, was more effective than cool stimulation at inducing expression of the immediate‐early gene c‐fos in the spinal cord. We developed a broad‐scale brain survey method for identification of activated brain areas, using automated methods to quantify c‐fos immunoreactivity (fos‐IR) across animals. Brain areas corresponding to the posterior insular cortex and secondary somatosensory (S2) show elevated fos‐IR after menthol stimulation, in contrast to weaker activation in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). In addition, menthol exposure triggered fos‐IR in piriform cortex, the amygdala, and the hypothalamus. Menthol‐mediated activation was absent in TrpM8‐knock‐out animals. Our results indicate that cool somatosensory input broadly drives neural activity across the mouse brain, with neocortical signal most elevated in the posterior insula, as well as S2 and S1. These findings are consistent with data from humans indicating that the posterior insula is specialized for somatosensory information encoding temperature, pain, and gentle touch.
Improved localization method in a WSN by using frequency diversity and a channel model

In wildlife tracking the challenges for localization systems are the resource limitations e.g. weight, size and energy consumption. A very resource efficient localization system based on received signal strength (RSS) is presented. The effects of frequency diversity are used to improve the localization accuracy. Furthermore, two different localization methods based on the RSS are compared. A method based on RSS difference measurements with directional antennas for a direction of arrival (DoA) estimation and an enhanced method based on a path-loss model for combined DoA and range estimation. For both methods the localization results are discussed and the used models are presented. Finally, the measurement results of a field trial show the real localization accuracy improvements of the frequency diversity and the enhanced localization approaches.
Tolerating dissimilar other when primed with death: neural evidence of self-control engaged by interdependent people in Japan

Abstract Mortality salience (MS) has been shown to lead to derogation of others with dissimilar worldviews, yet recent research has shown that Asian-Americans who presumably adopt an interdependent self-construal (SC) tend to reveal greater tolerance after MS induction. In the present study, we demonstrated that Japanese individuals who are high on interdependent SC indeed show greater tolerance toward worldview-threatening other in the MS (vs control) condition, thus replicating the prior research. Extending this research, we also found that interdependent people’s tolerance toward worldview-threatening other was mediated by increased activity in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in the MS condition. These data suggested that when exposed to death-related stimuli, highly interdependent individuals may spontaneously activate their neural self-control system which may serve to increase tolerance toward others.
Video Summarization With Attention-Based Encoder–Decoder Networks

This paper addresses the problem of supervised video summarization by formulating it as a sequence-to-sequence learning problem, where the input is a sequence of original video frames, and the output is a keyshot sequence. Our key idea is to learn a deep summarization network with attention mechanism to mimic the way of selecting the keyshots of human. To this end, we propose a novel video summarization framework named attentive encoder–decoder networks for video summarization (AVS), in which the encoder uses a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) to encode the contextual information among the input video frames. As for the decoder, two attention-based LSTM networks are explored by using additive and multiplicative objective functions, respectively. Extensive experiments are conducted on two video summarization benchmark datasets, i.e., SumMe and TVSum. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed AVS-based approaches against the state-of-the-art approaches, with remarkable improvements on both datasets.
Collaboration as a process and an outcome: Consumer experiences of collaborating with nurses in care planning in an acute inpatient mental health unit

This qualitative study explores inpatient mental health consumer perceptions of how collaborative care planning with mental health nurses impacts personal recovery. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with consumers close to discharge from one unit in Sydney, Australia. The unit had been undertaking a collaborative care planning project which encouraged nurses to use care plan documentation to promote person-centred and goal-focussed interactions and the development of meaningful strategies to aid consumer recovery. The interviews explored consumer understandings of the collaborative care planning process, perceptions of the utility of the care plan document and the process of collaborating with the nurses, and their perception of the impact of collaboration on their recovery. Findings are presented under four organizing themes: the process of collaborating, the purpose of collaborating, the nurse as collaborator and the role of collaboration in wider care and recovery. Consumers highlighted the importance of the process of developing their care plan with a nurse as being as helpful for recovery as the goals and strategies themselves. The findings provide insights into consumers' experiences of care planning in an acute inpatient unit, the components of care that support recovery and highlight specific areas for mental health nursing practice improvement in collaboration.
Tightly-Coupled Monocular Visual-Odometric SLAM Using Wheels and a MEMS Gyroscope

In this paper, we present a novel tightly coupled probabilistic monocular visual-odometric simultaneous localization and mapping (VOSLAM) algorithm using wheels and a MEMS gyroscope, which can provide accurate, robust, and long-term localization for ground robots. First, we present a novel odometer preintegration theory on manifold; it integrates the wheel encoder measurements and gyroscope measurements to a relative motion constraint that is independent of the linearization point and carefully addresses the uncertainty propagation and gyroscope bias correction. Based on the preintegrated odometer measurement model, we also introduce the odometer error term and tightly integrate it into the visual optimization framework. Then, in order to bootstrap the VOSLAM system, we propose a simple map initialization method. Finally, we present a complete localization mechanism to maximally exploit both sensing cues, which provides different strategies for motion tracking when: 1) both measurements are available; 2) visual measurements are not available; and 3) wheel encoders experience slippage, thereby ensuring the accurate and robust motion tracking. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by performing extensive experiments, and the experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed system.
Accelerated life testing of harmonic driver in space lubrication

For mechanical moving components in space applications, the accelerated life test for the verification of reliability is very important. Since traditional methods of the accelerated life test for liquid lubrication have some limitations, a new method is proposed in this paper, in which the harmonic driver is used as the object of study. First, the life test of a harmonic driver is performed in vacuum. The results show that the adhesive wear caused by asperity contact at the wave generator–flexspline interfaces is the crucial factor governing the life of harmonic driver. To clarify the lubricant film behavior at the wave generator–flexspline interface, a mixed lubrication analysis is conducted. Furthermore, the scheme of the accelerated life test is discussed. The speed and load are selected as the acceleration stresses of the test, while the load supported by asperity contact is defined as the characteristic quantity of the life and used to select acceleration factors. Finally, accelerated life tests under different working conditions are conducted to validate the results of the theoretical analysis.
Primary Productivity and Precipitation-Use Efficiency in Temperate Grassland in the Loess Plateau of China

Clarifying spatial variations in aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and precipitation-use efficiency (PUE) of grasslands is critical for effective prediction of the response of terrestrial ecosystem carbon and water cycle to future climate change. Though the combination use of remote sensing products and in situ ANPP measurements, we quantified the effects of climatic [mean annual precipitation (MAP) and precipitation seasonal distribution (PSD)], biotic [leaf area index (LAI)] and abiotic [slope gradient, aspect, soil water storage (SWS) and other soil physical properties] factors on the spatial variations in ANPP and PUE across different grassland types (i.e., meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe) in the Loess Plateau. Based on the study, ANPP increased exponentially with MAP for the entire temperate grassland; suggesting that PUE increased with increasing MAP. Also PSD had a significant effect on ANPP and PUE; where more even PSD favored higher ANPP and PUE. Then MAP, more than PSD, explained spatial variations in typical steppe and desert steppe. However, PSD was the dominant driving factor of spatial variations in ANPP of meadow steppe. This suggested that in terms of spatial variations in ANPP of meadow steppe, change in PSD due to climate change was more important than that in total annual precipitation. LAI explained 78% of spatial PUE in the entire Loess Plateau temperate grassland. As such, LAI was the primary driving factor of spatial variations in PUE. Although the effect of SWS on ANPP and PUE was significant, it was nonetheless less than that of precipitation and vegetation. We therefore concluded that changes in vegetation structure and consequently in LAI and/or altered pattern of seasonal distribution of rainfall due to global climate change could significantly influence ecosystem carbon and water cycle in temperate grasslands.
Investigation of infrared neural stimulation in the cochlea

The cochlear implant is a highly successful neuroprosthetic device, used by hundreds of thousands of patients world wide. One limitation of the device is the spread of electrical current in the cochlea, preventing strong localisation of neural stimulation. This spread of electrical current limits most patients’ ability to understand voice in a noisy environment. Recently, a number of optically driven neuronal stimulation techniques have been developed. These include infrared neural stimulation (INS) which uses short pulses of infrared light to trigger electrical responses in neurons. Studies on INS in the cochlea and other neural targets show improved spatial localisation of stimulation compared to electrical stimulation, suggesting that the technique may be beneficial for use in implants. This thesis investigates the feasibility of INS for use in cochlear implants through development of a combined Monte Carlo and finite element model, together with acute experimental studies in the guinea pig cochlea. To achieve stimulation with typically reported pulse characteristics (i.e. a single 25 μJ pulse) the combined Monte Carlo and finite element model predicts temperature rises in the cochlea to be on the order of 0.1 ◦C. When INS is used to stimulate peripheral nerves, the required temperature increase is greater, on the order of 1 ◦C to 10 ◦C, depending on the pulse energy, wavelength and neural target. Analysis of the spatial behaviour of heating suggests that the heat remains localised to the area directly exposed to the laser irradiation. This prediction lends support to the experimental results showing strong spatial localisation of stimulation. Applying the model to multiple 25 μJ pulses, at a stimulation rate of 250 Hz, suggests that the temperature increase is only 2.3 ◦C. When using multiple independent emitters, this increases further, to a temperature increase of 2.8 ◦C with an emitter separation of 750 μm and 4.4 ◦C at 250 μm. These predictions suggest that INS is feasible for use in cochlear implants without greatly increased thermal load compared to a single emitter. When applied to in vitro studies, the modelled behaviour of heat distribution and flow during INS may assist in understanding the biophysical mechanisms behind
WDR5 Facilitates Human Cytomegalovirus Replication by Promoting Capsid Nuclear Egress

ABSTRACT WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5) is essential for assembling the VISA-associated complex to induce a type I interferon antiviral response to Sendai virus infection. However, the roles of WDR5 in DNA virus infections are not well described. Here, we report that human cytomegalovirus exploits WDR5 to facilitate capsid nuclear egress. Overexpression of WDR5 in fibroblasts slightly enhanced the infectious virus yield. However, WDR5 knockdown dramatically reduced infectious virus titers with only a small decrease in viral genome replication or gene expression. Further investigation of late steps of viral replication found that WDR5 knockdown significantly impaired formation of the viral nuclear egress complex and induced substantially fewer infoldings of the inner nuclear membrane. In addition, fewer capsids were associated with these infoldings, and there were fewer capsids in the cytoplasm. Restoration of WDR5 partially reversed these effects. These results suggest that WDR5 knockdown impairs the nuclear egress of capsids, which in turn decreases virus titers. These findings reveal an important role for a host factor whose function(s) is usurped by a viral pathogen to promote efficient replication. Thus, WDR5 represents an interesting regulatory mechanism and a potential antiviral target. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has a large (∼235-kb) genome with over 170 open reading frames and exploits numerous cellular factors to facilitate its replication. HCMV infection increases protein levels of WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5) during infection, overexpression of WDR5 enhances viral replication, and knockdown of WDR5 dramatically attenuates viral replication. Our results indicate that WDR5 promotes the nuclear egress of viral capsids, the depletion of WDR5 resulting in a significant decrease in production of infectious virions. This is the first report that WDR5 favors HCMV, a DNA virus, replication and highlights a novel target for antiviral therapy.
Distance-Sensitive Hashing

Locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) is an important tool for managing high-dimensional noisy or uncertain data, for example in connection with data cleaning (similarity join) and noise-robust search (similarity search). However, for a number of problems the LSH framework is not known to yield good solutions, and instead ad hoc solutions have been designed for particular similarity and distance measures. For example, this is true for output-sensitive similarity search/join, and for indexes supporting annulus queries that aim to report a point close to a certain given distance from the query point. In this paper we initiate the study of distance-sensitive hashing (DSH), a generalization of LSH that seeks a family of hash functions such that the probability of two points having the same hash value is a given function of the distance between them. More precisely, given a distance space (X, dist ) and a "collision probability function" (CPF) f: R -> [0,1] we seek a distribution over pairs of functions (h,g) such that for every pair of points x, y ın X the collision probability is ¶r[h(x)=g(y)] = f(dist(x,y)). Locality-sensitive hashing is the study of how fast a CPF can decrease as the distance grows. For many spaces, f can be made exponentially decreasing even if we restrict attention to the symmetric case where g=h. We show that the asymmetry achieved by having a pair of functions makes it possible to achieve CPFs that are, for example, increasing or unimodal, and show how this leads to principled solutions to problems not addressed by the LSH framework. This includes a novel application to privacy-preserving distance estimation. We believe that the DSH framework will find further applications in high-dimensional data management. To put the running time bounds of the proposed constructions into perspective, we show lower bounds for the performance of DSH constructions with increasing and decreasing CPFs under angular distance. Essentially, this shows that our constructions are tight up to lower order terms. In particular, we extend existing LSH lower bounds, showing that they also hold in the asymmetric setting.
Quantifying inter-comparison of the microwave emission model of layered snowpacks (MEMLS) and the multilayer dense media radiative transfer theory (DMRT) in modeling snow microwave radiance

Electromagnetic models are fundamental for understanding of the interaction processing between electromagnetic waves and matter and further to retrieve geophysical parameters from observation data. The MEMLS and DMRT are two most widely used models and these corresponding multilayer versions include the effects of stratification due to ice-layer and depth hoar. In order to extend the results Tedesco has obtained, following the Durand's work, sufficiently comparisons of multilayer model are made in this paper to definitively determine which the better approach is meaningful. At First, we compare the accuracy of MEMLS with multilayer QCA/DMRT using the same multilayer snowpit inputs. Secondly, in order to the stability of model, we test the sensitivity of models.
Functional connectivity in replicated urban landscapes in the land snail (Cornu aspersum)

Urban areas are highly fragmented and thereby exert strong constraints on individual dispersal. Despite this, some species manage to persist in urban areas, such as the garden snail, Cornu aspersum, which is common in cityscapes despite its low mobility. Using landscape genetic approaches, we combined study area replication and multiscale analysis to determine how landscape composition, configuration and connectivity influence snail dispersal across urban areas. At the overall landscape scale, areas with a high percentage of roads decreased genetic differentiation between populations. At the population scale, genetic differentiation was positively linked with building surface, the proportion of borders where wooded patches and roads appeared side by side and the proportion of borders combining wooded patches and other impervious areas. Analyses based on pairwise genetic distances validated the isolation‐by‐distance and isolation‐by‐resistance models for this land snail, with an equal fit to least‐cost paths and circuit‐theory‐based models. Each of the 12 landscapes analysed separately yielded specific relations to environmental features, whereas analyses integrating all replicates highlighted general common effects. Our results suggest that urban transport infrastructures facilitate passive snail dispersal. At a local scale, corresponding to active dispersal, unfavourable habitats (wooded and impervious areas) isolate populations. This work upholds the use of replicated landscapes to increase the generalizability of landscape genetics results and shows how multiscale analyses provide insight into scale‐dependent processes.
Neurovascular sequestration in paediatric P. falciparum malaria is visible clinically in the retina

Retinal vessel changes and retinal whitening, distinctive features of malarial retinopathy, can be directly observed during routine eye examination in children with P. falciparum cerebral malaria. We investigated their clinical significance and underlying mechanisms through linked clinical, clinicopathological and image analysis studies. Orange vessels and severe foveal whitening (clinical examination, n = 817, OR, 95% CI: 2.90, 1.96–4.30; 3.4, 1.8–6.3, both p<0.001), and arteriolar involvement by intravascular filling defects (angiographic image analysis, n = 260, 2.81, 1.17–6.72, p<0.02) were strongly associated with death. Orange vessels had dense sequestration of late stage parasitised red cells (histopathology, n = 29; sensitivity 0.97, specificity 0.89) involving 360° of the lumen circumference, with altered protein expression in blood-retinal barrier cells and marked loss/disruption of pericytes. Retinal whitening was topographically associated with tissue response to hypoxia. Severe neurovascular sequestration is visible at the bedside, and is a marker of severe disease useful for diagnosis and management.