Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soothing Lyres and epodai: Music Therapy and the Cases of Orpheus, Empedocles and David

The psychagogic efficacy of music, namely its power to act on the soul in such a way as to influence characters and behaviors, and even health,1 is based in ancient Greek thought on a likeness between soul and musical harmony.2 This idea involves also a “harmonious” order distinguishing human physis as being a part of the world order (kosmos), as it is possible to notice at least since the time of the pre-Socratics. From many of the surviving fragments of their works3 we learn of the shift of the term harmonia4 (Bonaventura-Meyer 1932; Lippman 1963; Lambropoulou 1995–1996; Franklin 2002) from material aspects of human life
Channel Bargaining with Fairness-concerned Agents under Power-form Demand

In this paper we build on the framework of coordination with fairness and investigate the impact of fairness concerns on channel coordination under power-form demand function. Similar to the findings by literature, we show that the supplier can design a simple wholesale price contract to coordinate a two-stage supply chain when both the retailer and the supplier are fair-minded. In comparison to the results by literature with a linear demand function and an exponential demand function, we find that power-form demand function facilitates coordination for a larger range of model parameters.
An interactive classification of Web documents by self-organizing maps and search engines

We propose an effective classification view mechanism for hypertext data such as Web documents based on Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM) and search engines. Web documents collected by search engines are automatically classified by SOM and the obtained SOMs are incrementally modified according to the interaction between users and SOMs. At present, various search engines are designed to retrieve Web documents. When we use search engines to retrieve Web documents we get a lot of answers and have to examine each Web document. Therefore, in order to make up for search engines, we need a function to classify Web documents corresponding to the user's point of view and their purposes. Furthermore, we cannot retrieve pertinent Web documents by conventional search engines when a specific topic is described by more than one Web document. To solve these problems, we exploited a content-based clustering system for Web documents. In this system, Web documents are automatically clustered by their feature vectors produced from Web documents or minimal subgraphs consisting of multiple Web documents, and their overview maps are dynamically generated by SOM. Furthermore, we propose a method by which an obtained SOM is modified by user's interaction such as feedback operations.
Reliability of Phase Velocity Measurements of Flexural Acoustic Waves in the Human Tibia In-Vivo

Purpose Axial-transmission acoustics have shown to be a promising technique to measure individual bone properties and detect bone pathologies. With the ultimate goal being the in-vivo application of such systems, quantification of the key aspects governing the reliability is crucial to bring this method towards clinical use. Materials and Methods This work presents a systematic reliability study quantifying the sources of variability and their magnitudes of in-vivo measurements using axial-transmission acoustics. 42 healthy subjects were measured by an experienced operator twice per week, over a four-month period, resulting in over 150000 wave measurements. In a complementary study to assess the influence of different operators performing the measurements, 10 novice operators were trained, and each measured 5 subjects on a single occasion, using the same measurement protocol as in the first part of the study. Results The estimated standard error for the measurement protocol used to collect the study data was ∼ 17 m/s (∼ 4% of the grand mean) and the index of dependability, as a measure of reliability, was Φ = 0.81. It was shown that the method is suitable for multi-operator use and that the reliability can be improved efficiently by additional measurements with device repositioning, while additional measurements without repositioning cannot improve the reliability substantially. Phase velocity values were found to be significantly higher in males than in females (p < 10−5) and an intra-class correlation coefficient of r = 0.70 was found between the legs of each subject. Conclusions The high reliability of this non-invasive approach and its intrinsic sensitivity to mechanical properties opens perspectives for the rapid and inexpensive clinical assessment of bone pathologies, as well as for monitoring programmes without any radiation exposure for the patient.
“I’ve Got News for You”: Life Themes and the Therapeutic Relationship

The gap between our theoretical explanations and our phenomenological descriptions in therapeutic processes is discussed. The failure to acknowledge the extent of our involvement is to be found and explained in the nature of the relationship between the bi-directional and the asymmetric levels of discourse in psychotherapy. The bi-directional level of psychotherapy consists of working through the encounter of the two subjectivities involved. The life themes of both the patient and the analyst are seen to be negotiated on the bi-directional level of the interchange, while the asymmetric level of discourse is seen to guarantee the safety and the purpose of therapy. Similarities and differences in the relational and intersubjectivist view of the level of mutual influencing are discussed. A claim is made that the extent of the influence of the therapist’s subjectivity in regard to what is being treated has not been acknowledged and necessitates a much higher degree of awareness that the wellspring of any therapeutic encounter will be the working-through of the life themes of both participants. A case example is given to illustrate these theses.
Workplace Segregation in the United States: Race, Ethnicity, and Skill

We study workplace segregation in the United States using a unique matched employer-employee data set that we have created. We present measures of workplace segregation by education and language, and by race and ethnicity, and we assess the role of education- and language-related skill differentials in generating workplace segregation by race and (Hispanic) ethnicity. Our results indicate that there is considerable segregation by race, ethnicity, education, and language in the workplace. Only a tiny portion of racial segregation in the workplace is driven by education differences between blacks and whites, but a substantial fraction of ethnic segregation in the workplace can be attributed to differences in English-language proficiency. Finally, additional evidence suggests that segregation by language likely reflects complementarity among workers speaking the same language.
Generally covariant theories: the Noether obstruction for realizing certain space–time diffeomorphisms in phase space

Relying on known results of the Noether theory of symmetries extended to constrained systems, it is shown that there exists an obstruction that prevents certain tangent-space diffeomorphisms being projectable to phase space, for generally covariant theories. This main result throws new light on the old fact that the algebra of gauge generators in the phase space of general relativity, or other generally covariant theories, only closes as a soft algebra and not as a Lie algebra. The deep relationship between these two issues is clarified. In particular, we see that the second one may be understood as a side effect of the procedure to solve the first. It is explicitly shown how the adoption of specific metric-dependent diffeomorphisms, as a way to achieve projectability, causes the algebra of gauge generators (constraints) in phase space not to be a Lie algebra—with structure constants—but a soft algebra—with structure functions.
On phase noise channels at high SNR

Lapidoth and Moser (2001) have recently proposed a general technique for obtaining upper bounds on channel capacity via a dual expression in which the maximization over probability distributions on the channel input alphabet is replaced with a minimization over probability distributions on the channel output alphabet. They have also introduced the notion of "capacity achieving input distributions that escape to infinity" in order to study channel capacity at high signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios. In this partly tutorial paper we demonstrate the use of these ideas by applying them to the study of communication over discrete-time channels impaired by additive white Gaussian noise and phase noise.
Assessment instruments on children‘s internalizing behaviour: A review of their psychometric properties, functioning and applications

The study aims to summarize assessment instruments for teachers and practitioners to record externalized and internalized problems in children. The author sampled articles on children‘s psychopathology over the last twenty-five years, selected checklists and rating scales with multiple citations, and reviewed their properties. Most instruments use teachers and parent-report forms. Only a few instruments assess a number of different disorders. The psychometric properties of these instruments are presented in tables. Discussion and recommendation for teachers and researchers on which assessment instrument is the best to use when rating children’s behaviour, indicated that the rater must define in advance the goals of assessment, taking into consideration the factors that the instrument measures and its psychometric properties. The use of more than one instrument is recommended.
The old anticentre open cluster Berkeley 32: membership and fundamental parameters

We have obtained medium-low resolution spectroscopy and BV I CCD imaging of Berkeley 32, an old open cluster which lies in the anticentre direc tion. From the radial velocities of 48 stars in the cluster direction we found that 31 of them, in crucial evolutionary phases, are probable cluster members, with an average radial velocity of +106.7 (� = 8.5) km s 1 . From isochrone fitting to the colour magnitude diagrams of Be rkeley 32 we have obtained an age of 6.3 Gyr, (m − M)0= 12.48 and E(B − V ) = 0.10. The best fit is obtained with Z=0.008. A consistent distance, (m − M)0 ≃ 12.6 ± 0.1, has been derived from the mean magnitude of red clump stars with confirmed membership; we ma y assume (m − M)0 ≃ 12.55 ± 0.1 The colour magnitude diagram of the nearby field observed to c heck for field stars contamination looks intriguingly similar to that of the Canis Major overdensity.
Multiresolution histograms and their use for recognition

The histogram of image intensities is used extensively for recognition and for retrieval of images and video from visual databases. A single image histogram, however, suffers from the inability to encode spatial image variation. An obvious way to extend this feature is to compute the histograms of multiple resolutions of an image to form a multiresolution histogram. The multiresolution histogram shares many desirable properties with the plain histogram, including that they are both fast to compute, space efficient, invariant to rigid motions, and robust to noise. In addition, the multiresolution histogram directly encodes spatial information. We describe a simple yet novel matching algorithm based on the multiresolution histogram that uses the differences between histograms of consecutive image resolutions. We evaluate it against five widely used image features. We show that with our simple feature we achieve or exceed the performance obtained with more complicated features. Further, we show our algorithm to be the most efficient and robust.
STRATEGI KOPING IBU DENGAN ANAK GANGGUAN SPEKTRUM AUTISME : (STUDI KASUS: ORANGTUA MURID TAMAN KANAN-KANAK MUTIARA BUNDA)

Kasus anak dengan gangguan spektrum autisme semakin hari semakin bertambah setiap harinya. Direktur Bina Kesehatan Jiwa Kementerian Kesehatan, Diah Setia mengatakan, diperkirakan terdapat 112.000 anak di Indonesia menyandang autisme, pada rentang usia sekitar 5-19 tahun. Gangguan spektrum autisme adalah gangguan perkembangan yang mengakibatkan anak (sejak lahir atau beberapa bulan setelah lahir) mengalami kelambatan dan penyimpangan dari pola perilaku normal pada area hubungan sosial dan interaksi, bahasa dan komunikasi, dan kegiatan lainnya. Keluarga dengana anak GSA dituntut untuk beradaptasi dengan keadaan, kebutuhan, dan penanganan khusus bagi anak GSA yang cukup rumit. orangtua dengan anak gangguan spektrum autisme dilaporkan memiliki tingkat stress yang lebih tinggi dibanding orangtua dengan anak disabilitas lainnya contohnya seperti down syndrome. Sedangkan bagi ibu, efek yang dihasilkan dari memiliki anak GSA cenderung lebih besar. Seorang ibu dengan anak gangguan spectrum autisme akan menghadapi banyak tantangan yang sulit untuk dilewati. Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Marsha Mailick Seltzer, Ph.D. pada University of Wisconsin-Madison, ternyata ibu dengan anak autisme mengalami stress kronis yang jika disamakan, stress tersebut akan sama seperti stress yang dialami oleh pejuang pertempuran atau tentara. Terdapat apa yang dinamakan dengan coping strategy, atau cara seorang manusia dalam menghadapi permasalahan yang ada. Lazarus dan Folkman (2006) mengatakan, metode coping dibagi atas dua model, yaitu coping yang berfokus pada permasalahan (problem-focused coping) dan coping yang berfokus pada emosi (emotion-focused coping). Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif.
Movement of exotic plants into coastal native forests from gardens in northern New Zealand

The number and abundance of exotic weeds in native forest fragments are known to correlate with the distance to the nearest large town. This is of concern as land near lowland forest is increasingly being subdivided for housing throughout much of New Zealand. We quantified the relationship between settlements and exotic plants for the coastal forests in eastern Northland, New Zealand. Exotic plant species were sampled in 18 coastal forest areas of varying size, and related to attributes of nearby settlements (housing proximity, density, age, and the exotic plant species present). All settlement attributes were significantly related to the number of exotic species present in neighbouring forest fragments, unlike fragment size. The exotic species found in a particular forest area were significantly more likely to be present in the neighbouring settlement than in other settlements. The number of houses within 250 m of a forest area, alone, explained 66.8% of the variation in the number of exotic plant species in these forests. Our results suggest that proximity and size of settlements are currently the dominant factors controlling the number of exotic plant species in these forest areas, rather than ecological conditions within the forests. Properly managing the locations and densities of new subdivisions, as well as the species grown in gardens in existing and new subdivisions near forest reserves, will reduce the weed pressure and subsequent cost of weed control in these reserves.
The effect of user fee exemption on the utilization of maternal health care at mission health facilities in Malawi

The Government of Malawi has signed contracts called service level agreements (SLAs) with mission health facilities in order to exempt their catchment populations from paying user fees. Government in turn reimburses the facilities for the services that they provide. SLAs started in 2006 with 28 out of 165 mission health facilities and increased to 74 in 2015. Most SLAs cover only maternal, neonatal and in some cases child health services due to limited resources. This study evaluated the effect of user fee exemption on the utilization of maternal health services. The difference-in-differences approach was combined with propensity score matching to evaluate the causal effect of user fee exemption. The gradual uptake of the policy provided a natural experiment with treated and control health facilities. A second control group, patients seeking non-maternal health care at CHAM health facilities with SLAs, was used to check the robustness of the results obtained using the primary control group. Health facility level panel data for 142 mission health facilities from 2003 to 2010 were used. User fee exemption led to a 15% (P < 0.01) increase in the mean proportion of women who made at least one antenatal care (ANC) visit during pregnancy, a 12% (P < 0.05) increase in average ANC visits and an 11% (P < 0.05) increase in the mean proportion of pregnant women who delivered at the facilities. No effects were found for the proportion of pregnant women who made the first ANC visit in the first trimester and the proportion of women who made postpartum care visits. We conclude that user fee exemption is an important policy for increasing maternal health care utilization. For certain maternal services, however, other determinants may be more important.
Exceeding expectations: scaffolding agentic engagement through assessment as learning

Abstract Background: The active involvement of learners as critical, reflective and capable agents in the learning process is a core aim in contemporary education policy in Australia, and is regarded as a significant factor for academic success. However, within the relevant literature, the issue of positioning students as agents in the learning process has not been fully examined and needs further exploration. Purpose: This study aims to explore ways in which aspects of self-regulated learning theory may be integrated with the concept of agentic engagement into classroom practice. Specifically, the study seeks to scaffold students’ self-assessment capabilities and self-efficacy by using a formative assessment-as-learning process. The research examines how scaffolded planning, as part of the forethought phase in the Assessment as Learning (AaL) process, influences self-regulation and student agency in the learning process. Sample: 126 students from school years two, four and six (student age groups 7, 9 and 11 years), and 7 teachers at an independent (co-educational, non-religious) primary school in the Northern Territory, Australia, participated in the study. Design and methods: Conducted as a one-setting, cross-sectional practitioner research study, the data sources included students’ planning templates, writing samples, interviews with students and teachers and email correspondence with teachers. The data were analysed for emerging themes and interpreted from a framework of social cognitive theory. Findings: In this study, students were given the opportunity and support to exercise agentic engagement. Findings suggested that, in particular, students who were identified by their teachers as low-achieving and/or with poor motivation, were perceived by the teachers as exceededing expectations by demonstrating relatively greater motivation, persistence, effort and pride in their work than would be the case usually. Conclusions: The findings from this formative AaL study suggest that AaL has the potential to help scaffold primary students’ development of assessment capabilities.
A Continuum of Play-Based Learning: The Role of the Teacher in Play-Based Pedagogy and the Fear of Hijacking Play

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Research has demonstrated the developmental and educational benefits of play. Despite these benefits, teacher-directed academic instruction is prominent in kindergarten. There is increasing acknowledgment in curricula and policies of the challenges presented by a lack of play in classrooms and the need to support academic learning using developmentally appropriate practices. Current research emphasizes a narrow definition of play-based learning as a child-directed practice, resulting in teacher uncertainty about the implementation of this pedagogical approach. Fifteen kindergarten classrooms were examined using qualitative methodology, including observations and teacher interviews. Two different teacher profiles emerged: The 1st profile saw play and learning as separate constructs and reported challenges meeting academic demands using play-based learning. Their students primarily engaged in free play. The 2nd profile believed that play could support academic learning and that teachers fill an important role in play. Their students engaged in 5 different types of play, situated along a continuum from child directed to more teacher directed. Practice or Policy: The continuum of play-based learning provides a broader and more concrete definition of play-based learning to help teachers implement this pedagogical approach and to enhance the study of play-based learning in early years research.
Risk , Political Capabilities and International Investment Strategy : Evidence from the Global Electric Power Industry

While conventional wisdom holds that policy risk—the risk that a government will opportunistically alter policies to expropriate a firm’s profits or assets—deters foreign direct investment (FDI), we argue that multinational firms vary in their response to host-country policy risk as the result of differences in organizational capabilities for assessing and managing such risk, which are shaped by the home-country policymaking environment. Specifically, we hypothesize that firms from home countries with weaker institutional constraints on policymakers, or more intense policy competition among interest groups divided along economic or ethnic lines, will be less sensitive to host-country policy risk in their international expansion strategies. Moreover, firms from sufficiently risky or contentious home-country environments will seek out riskier host countries for their international investments, in order to leverage their political capabilities and attain competitive advantage. We find support for our hypotheses in a statistical analysis of the FDI location choices of multinational firms in the electric power industry during the period 1990 – 1999, the industry’s first decade of internationalization.  Author order is alphabetical and does not reflect relative contribution. We are grateful to Witold Henisz, Amy Hillman, David Mowery, Joanne Oxley, Beth Rose, Pablo Spiller, Oliver Williamson and to seminar participants at the University of California, Berkeley, the Academy of Management, the Academy of International Business and the Strategy Research Forum for many helpful comments and suggestions on this and earlier drafts of the paper. Guy L.F. Holburn and Bennet A. Zelner 1 Policy Risk, Political Capabilities and International Investment Strategy
In vitro folding of inclusion body proteins

Insoluble, inactive inclusion bodies are frequently formed upon recombinant protein production in transformed microorganisms. These inclusion bodies, which contain the recombinant protein in an highly enriched form, can be isolated by solid/liquid separation. After solubilization, native proteins can be generated from the inactive material by using in vitro folding techniques. New folding procedures have been developed for efficient in vitro reconstitution of complex hydrophobic, multidomain, oligomeric, or highly disulfíde‐bonded proteins. These protocols take into account process parameters such as protein concentration, catalysis of disulfide bond formation, temperature, pH, and ionic strength, as well as specific solvent ingredients that reduce unproductive side reactions. Modification of the protein sequence has been exploited to improve in vitro folding. —Rudolph, R. , Lilie, H. In vitro folding of inclusion body proteins. FASEB J. 10, 49‐56.
Inflation After Preheating

Preheating after inflation may lead to nonthermal phase transitions with symmetry restoration. These phase transitions may occur even if the total energy density of fluctuations produced during reheating is relatively small as compared with the vacuum energy in the state with restored symmetry. As a result, in some inflationary models one may encounter a secondary stage of inflation after preheating.