Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disruption of tracheobronchial airway growth following postnatal exposure to ozone and ultrafine particles

This study examined airway structure changes in adult rats after a long recovery period due to sub-chronic juvenile exposure to ozone and ultrafine particles that have a high organic fraction. Neonatal male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed during lung development to 3 cycles of 0.5 ppm ozone from postnatal day 7 through 25. Two different exposure patterns were used: 5-day exposure per week (Ozone52) or 2-day exposure per week (Ozone25) with or without co-exposure to ultrafine particles (OPFP5252, OPFP5225). Airway architecture was evaluated at 81 days of age, after 56 days of continued development beyond the exposure period in filtered air (FA). By analyzing CT images from lung airway casts, we determined airway diameter, length, branching angle, and rotation angle for most conducting airways. Compared with the FA control group, the Ozone52 group showed significant decreases in airway diameter in generations larger than 10 especially in the right diaphragmatic lobe and in airway length in distal generations, while changes in airway structure due to the Ozone25 exposure were not appreciable. Interaction effects of ozone and ultrafine particle exposures were not significant. These results suggest that airway alterations due to postnatal ozone exposure are not limited to the distal region but occur extensively from the middle to distal conducting airways. Further, alterations due to early ozone exposure do not recover nearly 2 months after exposure has ceased demonstrating a persistent airway structural change following an early life exposure to ozone.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways Contribute to Hypercontractility and Increased Ca2+ Sensitization in Murine Experimental Colitis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with intestinal smooth muscle dysfunction. Many smooth muscle contractile events are associated with alterations in Ca2+-sensitizing pathways. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of colitis on Ca2+ sensitization and the signaling pathways responsible for contractile dysfunction in murine experimental colitis. Colitis was induced in BALB/c mice by providing 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days. Contractile responses of colonic circular smooth muscle strips to 118 mM K+ and carbachol (CCh) were assessed. DSS induced a TH2 colitis [increased interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6] with no changes in TH1 cytokines. Animals exposed to DSS had increased CCh-induced contraction (3.5-fold) and CCh-induced Ca2+-sensitization (2.2-fold) responses in intact and α-toxin permeabilized colonic smooth muscle, respectively. The contributions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) to CCh-induced contractions were significantly increased during colitis. Ca2+-independent contraction induced by microcystin was potentiated (1.5-fold) in mice with colitis. ERK and p38MAPK (but not Rho-associated kinase) contributed to this potentiation. ERK1/2 and p38MAPK expression were increased in the muscularis propria of colonic tissue from both DSS-treated mice and patients with IBD (ulcerative colitis ≫ Crohn's disease). Murine TH2 colitis resulted in colonic smooth muscle hypercontractility with increased Ca2+ sensitization. Both ERK and p38MAPK pathways contributed to this contractile dysfunction, and expression of these molecules was altered in patients with IBD.
Microvascular adaptations during maturation of striated muscle.

It is well known that capillary density in striated muscle changes during maturation. Capillary density is an important determinant of tissue oxygen supply, the other principal determinants being capillary erythrocyte flow and capillary hematocrit. The microcirculation of the hamster cremaster muscle was studied at different stages of development. We found that the microcirculation of juvenile animals was characterized by small intercapillary distances, short capillary lengths, and tortuous vessels. During maturation, the capillaries elongated and developed the more "typical" parallel pattern. Capillary density decreased from 1,626 +/- 60 capillaries . mm-3 at 35 days of age to 696 +/- 65 capillaries . mm-3 at 132 days; erythrocyte flow per capillary decreased from 1,441 +/- 135 to 583 +/- 47 micrometers 3 . s-1; and capillary hematocrit decreased from 21.5 +/- 0.7 to 14.6 +/- 0.6%. Concomitant with these decreases, the functional reserve increased; in adult muscles, capillary density could increase by 42%, erythrocyte flow per capillary by 457.2%, and capillary hematocrit by 112.4%, compared with 7.7, 20.3, and 24.1%, respectively, in immature animals. These observations show that age significantly modifies microvascular parameters related to tissue oxygen supply and provides an explanation for some conflicting observations in the literature.
Expression of adhesion molecules on CD34+ cells: CD34+ L-selectin+ cells predict a rapid platelet recovery after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

Adhesion molecules play a role in the migration of hematopoietic progenitor cells and regulation of hematopoiesis. To study whether the mobilization process is associated with changes in expression of adhesion molecules, the expression of CD31, CD44, L-selectin, sialyl Lewisx, beta 1 integrins very late antigen 4 (VLA-4) and VLA-5, and beta 2 integrins lymphocyte function-associated 1 and Mac-1 was measured on either bone marrow (BM) CD34+ cells or on peripheral blood CD34+ cells mobilized with a combination of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and chemotherapy. beta 1 integrin VLA-4 was expressed at a significantly lower concentration on peripheral blood progenitor cells than on BM CD34+ cells, procured either during steady-state hematopoiesis or at the time of leukocytapheresis. No differences in the level of expression were found for the other adhesion molecules. To obtain insight in which adhesion molecules may participate in the homing of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs), the number of CD34+ cells expressing these adhesion molecules present in leukocytapheresis material was quantified and correlated with hematopoietic recovery after intensive chemotherapy in 27 patients. The number of CD34+ cells in the subset defined by L-selectin expression correlated significantly better with time to platelet recovery after PBSC transplantation (r = -.86) than did the total number of CD34+ cells (r = -.55). Statistical analysis of the relationship between the number of CD34+L-selectin+ cells and platelet recovery resulted in a threshold value for rapid platelet recovery of 2.1 x 10(6) CD34+ L-selectin+ cells/kg. A rapid platelet recovery (< or = 14 days) was observed in 13 of 15 patients who received > or = 2.1 x 10(6) CD34+ L-selectin+ cells/kg (median, 11 days; range, 7 to 16 days), whereas 10 of 12 patients who received less double positive cells had a relative slow platelet recovery (median, 20 days; range, 13 to 37 days). The L-selectin+ subpopulation of CD34+ cells also correlated better with time to neutrophil recovery (r = -.70) than did the total number of reinfused CD34+ cells (r = -.51). However, this latter difference failed to reach statistical significance. This study suggests that L-selectin is involved in the homing of CD34+ cells after PBSC transplantation.
Composite Nonlinear Feedback Control and Stability Analysis of a Grid-Connected Voltage Source Inverter With $LCL$ Filter

In this paper, the stability analysis of a grid-connected voltage source inverter with an LCL filter is presented. The Poincaré map is used to analyze the stability of the system from a geometric point of view and provides a better understanding of the system performance. In addition, a composite nonlinear feedback (CNF) control is proposed in order to improve the transient and steady-state performance of the control system. Simulation and experimental analysis verify the validity of the analysis and also show the superiority of the CNF-based controller compared to the conventional proportional-resonant controller during transients and steady-state operation.
Indirect evidence of pathogen-associated altered oocyte production in queens of the invasive yellow crazy ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes, in Arnhem Land, Australia

Abstract Anoplolepis gracilipes is one of the six most widespread and pestiferous invasive ant species. Populations of this invader in Arnhem Land, Australia have been observed to decline, but the reasons behind these declines are not known. We investigated if there is evidence of a pathogen that could be responsible for killing ant queens or affecting their reproductive output. We measured queen number per nest, fecundity and fat content of queens from A. gracilipes populations in various stages of decline or expansion. We found no significant difference in any of these variables among populations. However, 23% of queens were found to have melanized nodules, a cellular immune response, in their ovaries and fat bodies. The melanized nodules found in dissected queens are highly likely to indicate the presence of pathogens or parasites capable of infecting A. gracilipes. Queens with nodules had significantly fewer oocytes in their ovaries, but nodule presence was not associated with low ant population abundances. Although the microorganism responsible for the nodules is as yet unidentified, this is the first evidence of the presence of a pathogenic microorganism in the invasive ant A. gracilipes that may be affecting reproduction.
Astrocyte-Derived Transforming Growth Factor-β Mediates the Neuroprotective Effects of 17β-Estradiol: Involvement of Nonclassical Genomic Signaling Pathways

17β-Estradiol (E2) and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as tamoxifen, mediate numerous effects in the brain, including neurosecretion, neuroprotection, and the induction of synaptic plasticity. Astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the brain, influence many of these same functions and thus may represent a mediator of estrogen action. The present study examined the regulatory effect and underlying cell signaling mechanisms of E2-induced release of neurotropic growth factors from primary rat cortical astrocyte cultures. The results revealed that E2 (0.5, 1, and 10 nm) and tamoxifen (1 μm) increased both the expression and release of the neuroprotective cytokines, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 (TGF-β), from cortical astrocytes. The stimulatory effect of E2 was attenuated by the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, ICI182,780, suggesting ER dependency. The effect of E2 also appeared to involve mediation by the phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, because E2 rapidly induced Ak.
Efficient Valid Scope for Location-Dependent Spatial Queries in Mobile Environments

In mobile environments, mobile clients can access information with respect to their locations by submitting Location-Dependent Spatial Queries (LDSQs) to Location- Based Service (LBS) servers. Owing to scarce wireless channel bandwidth and limited client battery life, frequent LDSQ submission from clients must be avoided. Observing that LDSQs issued from a client located at nearby positions would likely return the same query results, we explore the idea of valid scope , which represents a spatial area in which a set of LDSQs will retrieve exactly the same set of query results. With a valid scope derived and an LDSQ result cached, a client can assert whether the new LDSQs can be answered with the maintained LDSQ result, thus eliminating the need of sending LDSQs to the server. Contention on the wireless channel and client energy consumed for data transmission can be considerably reduced. In this paper, we design efficient algorithms to compute the valid scope for common types of LDSQs, including nearest neighbor queries, range queries and window queries. Through an extensive set of experiments, our proposed valid scope computation algorithms are shown to outperform existing approaches.
Security enhancement of wireless networks with wireless-powered full-duplex relay and friendly jammer nodes

In this paper we propose an energy harvesting-based cooperative jamming and full-duplex relaying scheme to enhance the secrecy rate for wireless communication between a source node and a destination node, in the presence of an eavesdropper. To characterize the performance, we develop a mathematical analysis framework for instantaneous and average secrecy rates. We consider the practical interference limited scenario, and derive exact closed-form expressions for the cumulative distribution function of the signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SNIR) at the destination and eavesdropper nodes. Accordingly, the asymptotic average secrecy rates are derived. We show that the proposed protocol improves the average secrecy rate of a wireless cooperative network substantially. However, the instantaneous secrecy rate performance gain is highly depend on the duration of energy harvesting, the amount of self-interference and the corresponding channels and positions of the nodes in the system.
Spatial analysis of myocardial infarction in Iran: National report from the Iranian myocardial infarction registry

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Iran. No spatial analysis of MI has been conducted to date. The present study was conducted to determine the pattern of MI incidence and to identify the associated factors in Iran by province. Materials and Methods: This study has two parts. One part is prospective and hospital-based, and the other part is an ecological study. In this study, the data of 20,750 new MI cases registered in Iranian Myocardial Infarction Registry in 2012 were used. For spatial analysis in global and local, spatial autocorrelation, Moran's I, Getis-Ord, and logistic regression models were used. Data were analyzed by Stata software and ArcGIS 9.3. Results: Based on autocorrelation coefficient, a specific pattern was observed in the distribution of MI incidence in different provinces (Moran's I: 0.75, P < 0.001). Spatial pattern of incidence was approximately the same in men and women. MI incidence was clustering in six provinces (North Khorasan, Yazd, Kerman, Semnan, Golestan, and Mazandaran). Out of the associated factors with clustered MI in six provinces, temperature, humidity, hypertension, smoking, and body mass index (BMI) could be mentioned. Hypertension, smoking, and BMI contributed to clustering with, respectively, 2.36, 1.31, and 1.31 odds ratio. Conclusion: Addressing the place-based pattern of incidence and clarifying their epidemiologic dimension, including spatial analysis, has not yet been implemented in Iran. Report on MI incidence rate by place and formal borders is useful and is used in the planning and prioritization in different levels of health system.
Transport and metabolism of glucosamine by cultured Novikoff rat hepatoma cells and effects on nucleotide pools.

Summary As estimated from initial uptake rates, the uptake of glucosamine-1- 14 C by cultured Novikoff rat hepatoma cells in glucose-free basal medium follows normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with an apparent K m of about 20 mm. Since glucosamine is not accumulated by the cells against a concentration gradient, the main mode of uptake is by facilitated diffusion, but other evidence indicates that glucosamine also enters the cells by simple diffusion. Glucosamine is probably transported by the same system as glucose. Glucosamine transport is competitively inhibited by glucose and, to about the same extent as is glucose transport, by Persantine and Cytochalasin B. Since neither of the two inhibitors affects the phosphorylation of glucose or glucosamine by cell-free preparations, we suggest that transport is a reaction distinct from phosphorylation. At low concentrations of glucosamine in the medium (0.1 mm and below), the inhibition of glucosamine transport into the cell by glucose, Persantine, or Cytochalasin B results in a proportional decrease in glucosamine incorporation into macromolecules. When cells are incubated with low concentrations of glucosamine- 14 C, most of the acid-soluble intracellular radioactivity is associated with uridine diphospho- N -acetylglucosamine, and, after a 30- to 60-min lag period, glucosamine enters glycoproteins and glycolipids at a rapid and constant rate. With an increase in glucosamine concentration in the medium, an increasingly greater proportion of the intracellular radioactivity accumulates in N -acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate, glucosamine 6-phosphate, and free glucosamine (in that order), and a progressively smaller proportion is incorporated into macromolecules. This inhibition of glucosamine incorporation into macromolecules at high glucosamine concentrations is correlated with a lack of uridine diphospho- N -acetylglucosamine formation and an inhibition of macromolecular synthesis. Both effects seem to result from a rapid loss of adenosine triphosphate and uridine triphosphate during incubation of the cells with high concentrations of glucosamine, which loss is caused by the rapid phosphorylation of the glucosamine taken up by the cells. The nucleotides become degraded to nucleosides and bases and are released into the culture fluid. The inhibition of protein synthesis by treatment of the cells with puromycin or cycloheximide also results in an inhibition of glucosamine incorporation into macromolecules without affecting the uptake of glucosamine or its conversion to uridine diphospho- N -acetylglucosamine.
Henkin's Completeness Proof: Forty Years Later

1 In his 1949 paper, "The completeness of the first-order calculus", Henkin developed what is now called the method of (individual) terms to establish that every consistent set of statements of a first-order language L has a model of cardinality α, a the number of statements of L. The idea is to start with such a set S, construct a so-called term-extension L of L by adding a new terms to the vocabulary of L, extend 5 to a maximally consistent and term-complete set Soo of statements of L, and construct a model of S& whose domain consists of the terms of L. When restricted to L, the model in question automatically constitutes one of S. Henkin's result has come to be known as the Strong Completeness Theorem for First-Order L. Another, and more familiar, version of the theorem has it that if a statement A ofL is true in every model of a set S of statements ofL, then A is provable from S. Henkin himself did not bother to prove this. He merely proved the special case of it, known as the Weak Completeness Theorem for First-Order L9 where S is 0 . A model like the one Henkin constructed for his set Ŝ , is commonly known as a Henkin model. It is the kind of model in which each member of the domain "has a name". Henkin accomplished this by making each member of his domain a name of itself, a radical move at the time. In consequence, though, the restriction of his model to L does not constitute a Henkin model of S, a pity in the event that S does have such a model. To commemorate the publication of Henkin's paper, we offer here two new completeness proofs for first-order Z,. The language considered by Henkin had an unspecified number of terms to start with, but those played no special role in his proof. The one we construct in Section 2 has denumerably many, and these will play a crucial role in our proofs. In the first of them, begun in Section 3 and concluded in Section 5, no new terms will be added; in the second, presented in Section 5 and relating to truth-value semantics, denumerably many will be. The proofs are sharpenings of proofs of Leblanc's in [10]. They have two cases each, Case One minding the consistent sets of statements of L that extend without the
Enzyme activity and fiber composition in skeletal muscle of untrained and trained men.

GOLLNICK, P. D. , R. B. ARMSTRONG, C. W. SAUBERT IV, K. PIEHL, AND B. SALTIN. Enzyme activity and Jiber composition in skeletal muscle of untrained and trained men. J. Appl. Physiol. 33(3): 3 12-3 19, 1972. -Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) activities and the histochemical identification of fiber types and localization of oxidative activity were determined on biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis and deltoid muscles of 74 untrained and trained men. SDH activities were highest in the muscles of the groups participating in endurance training. Highest activities existed in the muscles that were extensively engaged in the endurance work. Only minor differences existed for PFK activities. Only slow twitch (ST) and fast twitch (FT) fibers were identified in the muscle samples. ST fibers predominated in the muscles of the endurance athletes. A wide variety of fiber populations existed in all groups. The percent distribution of a fiber was found to be indicative of the relative area that the fiber occupied in the muscle. Oxidative capacity of both fiber types was greater in the endurance athletes than in the other groups. Muscle glycogen was highest in the trained subjects. No consistent pattern for glycogen storage in the two fiber types existed.
Long Time Behavior for Some Dynamical Noise Free Nonlinear Filtering Problems

A possible approach to studying the accuracy of optimal nonlinear filtering is to look at the conditional law on an arbitrary neighborhood of the current (unknown) state as the time goes to infinity. This paper is devoted to a restricted class of systems with a deterministic state equation, and under additional assumptions, results concerning the concentration of the conditional law are shown, as is how estimating the current state could be different from estimating the initial condition. The assumptions on the system could seem quite restrictive; however, they concern only the "observability" of the system, without any reference to ergodicity as in previous works.
Relationship between quantitative CT of pulmonary small vessels and pulmonary perfusion.

OBJECTIVE The relationship between morphologic alterations of pulmonary small vessels and pulmonary perfusion has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the cross-sectional area (CSA) of pulmonary small vessels alterations measured on CT images and pulmonary perfusion on lung perfusion scintigraphy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study comprised 46 subjects who underwent both CT and lung perfusion scintigraphy. We measured CSA of pulmonary small vessels less than 5 mm(2) and 5-10 mm(2) using CT images and obtained the percentage of the right lung to whole lung in each CSA group (CSA<5,R/W and CSA5-10,R/W, respectively). Using (99m)Tc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) lung perfusion scintigraphy, we obtained right and total lung counts and calculated the percentage of the right to whole-lung counts (MAAR/W). Those CT and scintigraphy measurements were also calculated separately each in right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower zones. The correlations of CSA<5,R/W and CSA5-10,R/W with MAAR/W, the correlation between the percentage of each lung zone to whole-lung CSA<5 and the percentage of each corresponding lung zone to whole-lung MAA were evaluated. RESULTS The mean CSA<5,R/W was 58.1% ± 11.2%, and the mean MAAR/W was 59.3% ± 17.9%. CSA<5,R/W had a significant correlation with MAAR/W (ρ = 0.865, p < 0.0001), whereas significant correlation was found but was relatively weak between CSA5-10,R/W and MAAR/W (ρ = 0.512, p = 0.0003). The percentage of each lung zone to whole-lung CSA<5 had significant correlations with the percentage of each corresponding lung zone to whole-lung MAA. CONCLUSION Pulmonary small vessels alteration, as measured by CSA on CT images, significantly correlated with pulmonary perfusion.