Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in the health status of women during and after pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the changes in health status experienced by a multi-ethnic cohort of women during and after pregnancy.DESIGN: Observational cohort.SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Pregnant women from 1 of 6 sites in the San Francisco area (N=1,809). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Women who agreed to participate were asked to complete a series of telephone surveys that ascertained health status as well as demographic and medical factors. Substantial changes in health status occurred over the course of pregnancy. For example, physical function declined, from a mean score of 95.2 prior to pregnancy to 58.1 during the third trimester (0–100 scale, where 100 represents better health), and improved during the postpartum period (mean score, 90.7). The prevalence of depressive symptoms rose from 11.7% prior to pregnancy to 25.2% during the third trimester, and then declined to 14.2% during the postpartum period. Insufficient money for food or housing and lack of exercise were associated with poor health status before, during, and after pregnancy.CONCLUSIONS: Women experience substantial changes in health status during and after pregnancy. These data should guide the expectations of women, their health care providers, and public policy.
Signaling Pathways Regulating Gene Expression, Neuroplasticity, and Neurotrophic Mechanisms in the Action of Antidepressants: A Critical Overview

Regulation of gene expression represents a major component in antidepressant drug action. The effect of antidepressant treatments on the function of cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor that regulates expression of several genes involved in neuroplasticity, cell survival, and cognition, has been extensively studied. Although there is general agreement that chronic antidepressants stimulate CREB function, conflicting results suggest that different effects may depend on drug type, drug dosage, and different experimental paradigms. CREB function is activated by a vast array of physiological stimuli, conveyed through a number of signaling pathways acting in concert, but thus far the effects of antidepressants on CREB have been analyzed mostly with regard to the cAMP-protein kinase A pathway. A growing body of data shows that other major pathways, such as the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase and the mitogen-activated kinase cascades, are involved in activity-dependent regulation of gene expression and may also be implicated in the mechanism of action of antidepressants. In this article the available evidence is reviewed with an attempt to identify the reasons for experimental discrepancies and possible directions for future research. Particularemphasis is given to the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a CREB-regulated gene, which has been implicated in both the pathophysiology and pharmacology of mood disorders. The array of different results obtained by various groups is analyzed with an eye on recent advancements in the regulation of BDNF transcription, in an attempt to understand better the mechanisms of drug action and dissect molecular requirements for faster and more efficient antidepressant treatment.
Parvovirus B19 Nonstructural Protein-Induced Damage of Cellular DNA and Resultant Apoptosis

Parvovirus B19 is a widespread virus with diverse clinical presentations. The viral nonstructural protein, NS1, binds to and cleaves the viral genome, and induces apoptosis when transfected into nonpermissive cells, such as hepatocytes. We hypothesized that the cytotoxicity of NS1 in such cells results from chromosomal DNA damage caused by the DNA-nicking and DNA-attaching activities of NS1. Upon testing this hypothesis, we found that NS1 covalently binds to cellular DNA and is modified by PARP, an enzyme involved in repairing single-stranded DNA nicks. We furthermore discovered that the DNA nick repair pathway initiated by poly(ADPribose)polymerase and the DNA repair pathways initiated by ATM/ATR are necessary for efficient apoptosis resulting from NS1 expression.
Parental Influences on the Gendered Division of Housework

Despite a recent emphasis on contextual explanations for the gendered division of housework, early socialization may also be important. Data from a 31–year panel study of white mothers and children are used to examine parental predictors of the division of household labor among the adult children. Parental influences are assessed when the children were ages 1 and 15; characteristics of the adult children are measured at ages 23 and 31. The effects of the parents’ division of housework and parents’ education on children's division of housework are considered, as well as the effects of the mother's gender-role attitudes and employment. The parental division of labor measured when the sons were very young has a positive effect on the sons'later participation in routine housework, while the mother's employment during their daughters’ early years is a more important predictor of the allocation of housework among the daughters. Parental influences are transmitted partially through the children's gender-role attitudes, but there is also evidence of enduring direct effects of parental characteristics on children's housework allocation, especially for men.
TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTS OF GUREZ (KASHMIR) – AN ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY

Gurez Valley is situated along the Krishna Ganga river and is less exploited. It has reserve forests. The forests are very rich in herbal wealth. The population of the area consists of the types Dard, Kashimiries; Gujars and Pathans. They have got much faith in herbs and the elders of the family mostly know the uses of the herbs and prescribe for the ailments to their families and neighbours. The folklores of 56 plants species belonging to 50 genera and 28 families and neighbourers. The folklores of 56 plants species belonging to 50 genera and 28 families and their mode of administration were collected during the survey of the area. Botanical names with author citations, plant family, local name, connection with altitude and medicinal uses have been enlisted.
BASAL BODIES OF BACTERIAL FLAGELLA IN PROTEUS MIRABILIS

Years ago (16, 18, 19), in a study of shadowed preparations of Proteus vulgaris that had been autolyzed in the cold, the observation was made that the flagella arose from basal bodies. However, recently (3, 7, 24, 33) doubt has been cast on the conclusion that the flagella of bacteria emerge from sizable basal bodies. This problem has, therefore, been reinvestigated with actively developing cultures of Proteus mirabilis, the cell walls of which had been expanded slightly by exposure to penicillin. Two techniques were applied: ultramicrotomy, and negative staining of whole mount preparations. This paper deals with the thin sections of bacteria after the usual fixation technique had been altered slightly: the cells were embedded in agar prior to their fixation and further processing. The flagella then remained attached to the cells and were seen to extend between the cell wall and the plasma membrane. Occasionally, the flagella appeared to be anchored in the cell by means of a hook-shaped ending. In sections of cells rich in cytoplasm, the basal bodies are particularly difficult to visualize due to their small size (25 to 45 mµ) and the lack of properties that would enable one to distinguish them from the ribonucleoprotein structures; in addition, their boundary appears to be delicate. However, when the cytoplasm is sparse in the cells, either naturally or as a result of osmotic shocking in distilled water, the flagella can be observed to emerge from rounded structures approximately 25 to 45 mµ wide. Contrary to a previous suggestion (21), the flagella do not terminate in the peripheral sites of reduced tellurite, i.e. the chondrioids. The observations in this part of the study agree with those described in the following paper (15) dealing with negatively stained preparations.
Simplify: a theorem prover for program checking

This article provides a detailed description of the automatic theorem prover Simplify, which is the proof engine of the Extended Static Checkers ESC/Java and ESC/Modula-3. Simplify uses the Nelson--Oppen method to combine decision procedures for several important theories, and also employs a matcher to reason about quantifiers. Instead of conventional matching in a term DAG, Simplify matches up to equivalence in an E-graph, which detects many relevant pattern instances that would be missed by the conventional approach. The article describes two techniques, error context reporting and error localization, for helping the user to determine the reason that a false conjecture is false. The article includes detailed performance figures on conjectures derived from realistic program-checking problems.
Theory Elaboration and Research and Development: Toward a Fuller Understanding of College Student Retention

Departure from colleges and universities by students poses a long-standing and nettlesome problem to both scholars and administrators. This problem has been the focus of empirical inquiry for over seventy years. Literature reviews by Summerskill (1962) and Pantages and Creedon (1978) speak to the longevity of this line of inquiry. Summerskill reviewed research dating back to Johnson (1926), whereas Pantages and Creedon reviewed studies conducted between 1950 and 1975. Tinto (1975) also reviewed the research literature on this problem and noted the lack of theoretical formulations to account for college student departure. As a consequence, Tinto (1975) constructed his interactionalist theory of college student departure. Despite the long history of research on this problem, we are beginning to make some headway. Tinto’s interactionalist theory possess near paradigmatic stature in the study of college student departure given that citations to this theory have numbered more than 400 and 170 dissertations have referenced or used it (Braxton, Sullivan, & Johnson, 1997). Moreover, this theory enjoys partial support (Braxton, Sullivan, & Johnson, 1997) for four of its thirteen testable propositions. Moreover, these four propositions are not only logically interconnected, but they also possess strong, aggregate empirical affirmation.
Renal Failure Five Years After Lung Transplantation Due to Polyomavirus BK‐Associated Nephropathy

Polyomavirus‐associated nephropathy (PyVAN) is rare in nonrenal solid organ transplantation and only limited information is available from single cases. We describe a 67‐year‐old female presenting with hypertension and progressive kidney failure due to PyVAN 60 months after lung transplantation. Plasma BK virus (BKV) loads were 4.85 log10 copies/mL at diagnosis and cleared slowly over 14 months after switching from tacrolimus, mycophenolate and prednisone to low‐dose tacrolimus, sirolimus and leflunomide, the latter being discontinued for anemia and diarrhea. BKV‐ and JC virus‐specific immunoglobulins were detectable prior to transplantation. Only BKV‐specific IgG and IgM increased during follow‐up. BKV‐specific T cells were detectable in blood following in vitro expansion, but cleared with reincreased sirolimus, yet BKV viremia remained undetectable. We identified eight other cases of PyVAN in nonrenal solid organ transplantation including lung (n = 1), heart (n = 6) and pancreas (n = 1). Overall, diagnosis was later than commonly seen in kidney transplants (median 18 months, interquartile range 10–29). Seven patients were male, five received triple immunosuppression consisting of tacrolimus, mycophenolate, prednisone. Immunosuppression was reduced in four cases and cidofovir and/or leflunomide administered in five and two cases, respectively. Renal function deteriorated in five requiring hemodialysis in four. We discuss mTOR inhibitors versus cidofovir and leflunomide as potential PyVAN rescue therapy.
Driving difficulties in Parkinson's disease

Safe driving requires the coordination of attention, perception, memory, motor and executive functions (including decision‐making) and self‐awareness. Parkinson's disease and other disorders may impair these abilities. Because age or medical diagnosis alone is often an unreliable criterion for licensure, decisions on fitness to drive should be based on empirical observations of performance. Linkages between cognitive abilities measured by neuropsychological tasks, and driving behavior assessed using driving simulators, and natural and naturalistic observations in instrumented vehicles, can help standardize the assessment of fitness‐to‐drive. By understanding the patterns of driver safety errors that cause crashes, it may be possible to design interventions to reduce these errors and injuries and increase mobility. This includes driver performance monitoring devices, collision alerting and warning systems, road design, and graded licensure strategies. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Predicting recurrent stroke after minor stroke and transient ischemic attack

The risk of a subsequent stroke following an acute transient ischemic attack or minor stroke is high, with 90-day risk at approximately 10%. Identification of those patients at the highest risk for recurrent stroke following a transient ischemic attack or minor stroke may allow risk-specific management strategies to be implemented, such as hospital admission with expedited work-up for those at high risk and emergency room discharge for those at low risk. Predictors of recurrent stroke, including the ABCD2 score, brain imaging and the stroke mechanism, are reviewed in this article, with a focus on recent literature. An emphasis is placed on the importance of early imaging of the brain parenchyma (diffusion-weighted imaging) and vascular imaging to identify patients at high risk for recurrence. The need for identification of the cause of the initial event, allowing therapies to be tailored to the individual patient, is discussed.
Investigation of the solder joint fatigue life in combined vibration and thermal cycling tests

In this paper, we discuss lifetime prediction for flip chips under temperature and vibration loading in terms of the failure mechanisms related to solder joint fatigue. Our approach does not need additional data from the experiment but can be used in the design stage. For lifetime prediction solder fatigue coefficients from the literature and results from Finite Element Analysis (FEA) are processed by a MATLAB-routine. The predictions are compared to range of in-house experiments on combined loading. In the experimental setup, a statistically relevant number of specimens with single bump in-situ resistance monitoring are used to address the statistical scatter of the lifetime. Therefore, statements on the statistical distribution of solder joint failure in combined loading tests can be formulated. A laser vibrometer is used to determine exact accelerations and deflections of the Printed Circuit Board (PCB). In the failure analysis, ion-etched cross sections of the failed solder bumps are prepared. The features of microstructural transformation and crack-paths are discussed for temperature cycling-only, vibration-only, and combined load experiments. Finally, the model prediction is compared to the experimentally determined solder joint lifetimes and the ranges of good agreement are discussed as well as the range with less agreement.
Tailored low-dose fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrography for the reevaluation of vesicoureteral reflux in girls.

OBJECTIVE Radionuclide voiding cystography is generally advocated for the reevaluation of proved vesicoureteral reflux. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of tailored low-dose fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrography for this purpose. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty-five girls (2 years 9 months to 19 years 7 months old; mean, 7.4 years) who had proved reflux were examined with tailored low-dose voiding cystourethrography. The technique used a low-dose fluoroscopic system and a computer-based video frame grabber that produced frame-averaged digital video fluoroscopic hard copies. A tailored voiding cystourethrographic protocol was designed to minimize ovarian radiation dose. Digital images were compared with standard 105-mm spot films in a similar group of 25 children. RESULTS The tailored low-dose fluoroscopic technique produced diagnostically adequate images in all patients that were comparable in quality to standard spot films. The ovarian dose was 1.7-5.2 mrad (0.017-0.052 mGy) with a mean of 2.9 mrad (0.029 mGy). This compared favorably with the lowest reported doses with the radionuclide technique. CONCLUSION Tailored low-dose fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrography is an attractive and practical alternative to the radionuclide technique in girls with proved vesicoureteral reflux.
Combinatorial pattern discovery in biological sequences: The TEIRESIAS algorithm [published erratum appears in Bioinformatics 1998;14(2): 229]

MOTIVATION The discovery of motifs in biological sequences is an important problem. RESULTS This paper presents a new algorithm for the discovery of rigid patterns (motifs) in biological sequences. Our method is combinatorial in nature and able to produce all patterns that appear in at least a (user-defined) minimum number of sequences, yet it manages to be very efficient by avoiding the enumeration of the entire pattern space. Furthermore, the reported patterns are maximal: any reported pattern cannot be made more specific and still keep on appearing at the exact same positions within the input sequences. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is showcased on a number of test cases which aim to: (i) validate the approach through the discovery of previously reported patterns; (ii) demonstrate the capability to identify automatically highly selective patterns particular to the sequences under consideration. Finally, experimental analysis indicates that the algorithm is output sensitive, i.e. its running time is quasi-linear to the size of the generated output.
A Novel Offline Physical Layer Impairments Aware RWA Algorithm With Dedicated Path Protection Consideration

Physical layer impairments accumulate as light propagates through a lightpath in the transparent optical networks. Therefore, it is possible to provision a lightpath, while its quality of transmission (QoT) does not meet the required threshold. Considering the physical layer impairments in the network planning phase gives rise to a set of offline Impairments Aware Routing and Wavelength Assignment (IA-RWA) algorithms. There are very few offline IA-RWA algorithms that consider dedicated path protection demands. In this work we propose a novel offline IA-RWA algorithm, called Rahyab and perform a comparative performance evaluation study, which considers two enhanced algorithms from the literature. Simulation results indicates that demand pre-processing, diverse routing, and adaptive wavelength assignment are the main reasons of lower blocking rate of Rahyab algorithm compared to the selected algorithms.
Construct validity and generalizability of the Kirton Adaption–Innovation Inventory

The factor structure of the Kirton (1976) Adaption–Innovation inventory was examined by use of confirmatory factor analysis. A three‐factor structure was found, characterized by distinct, yet positively associated, facets, thereby challenging the oft‐assumed unidimensional conceptualization of adaption–innovation. The measures were found to achieve satisfactory levels of reliability for the separate facets and to exhibit strong evidence for convergent and discriminant validity. This was demonstrated for the full 32‐item inventory, as well as 20‐item and 13‐item abridgments. Subjects were postgraduate students from the United Kingdom (N = 149), Australia (N = 142), and the United States (N = 131). The three‐factor solution was found to generalize across all three samples in the sense of yielding identical factor loadings, error variances, and correlations among facets. Differences in the means of factors were found across samples.
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Wild Plants in Liliaceae Family Growing Syria

There is currently an upsurge of interest in phytochemicals as a new source of natural antioxidants to be used in foods and pharmaceutical preparations to replace synthetic antioxidants, which are being restricted due to their potential health risks and toxicity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical constitution and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of dried bulbs and aerial parts of selected wild plants in Liliaceae family growing in Syria Allium ampeloprasum. , Allium stamineum, Asparagus acutifolius and Ornithogalum umbellatum . phytochemical screening was performed by the well-known tests protocol available in the literature using standard. The antioxidant properties of methanol extracts of bulbs and aerial of selected plants were evaluated, through determination of total phenolics and flavonoids content, as well as DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and terpenoids in bulbs and aerial parts of studied plant, but none contain coumarins, while cardiac glycosides only parsent in bulbs of Allium stamineum, Allium ampeloprasum and Ornithogalum umbellatum. Aerial parts extracts of Asparagus acutifolius showed greater DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.15), as well as total phenolic (36.10 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dry weight) and flavonoid content (114.28 mg rutin equivalent/g of dry weight. Consequently, the members of Liliaceae plants would be considered as promising sources of antioxidant phytochemicals.
Intensity of light and speed of vision. II

Among factors influencing the power to discriminate detail are: light intensity, visual angle, ratio of coefficients of reflection of object and its background, evenness of distribution of light, diffusion, angle of incidence, glare, etc. The present paper considers only the effect of change of intensity over a wide range on speed of vision in relation to size of work-object and difference in coefficients of reflection between object and its ground. Sizes varied from 1 to 5.2 minutes of arc, and coefficients of reflection from 16 to 78%. Illumination ranged from 1.25 to 100 ft. c. at the test surface. Instruments included the use of a Macbeth illuminometer, Ferree rotary tachistoscope, and the international test-object (broken circle). One subject (Rand) was used. The writers conclude that speed depends principally on size of object and differential reflection between object and ground. Largest effects occur in the lower range of the scale of intensity. These two variables are reciprocally related with intensity, and appropriate compensations are hence possible. The total relations among the variables studied which give speediest and surest discrimination are stated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)