Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An examination of the interrelationships between self‐esteem, others' expectations, family support, learning approaches and academic achievement

The current research represents an initial step into the analysis of the effect of self‐esteem, others' (peers and teachers) expectations and family support on academic achievement through learning approaches (deep processing, surface processing and effort). Data were gathered from 553 university students from different faculties of a Spanish university. The analyses, through structural equation modeling, provided support for the positive effects of self‐esteem and family support in university students' learning and achievement. Others' expectations increased both surface learning and effort. Implications for higher education are discussed.
Cognitive Perspectives in Psychology

This is a revision of the chapter on the same topic that appeared in the first edition of the Handbook, published in 1996. In the intervening years, a great many changes have occurred in cognitive theory, and its perceived relevance to education has been challenged. As a participant in, and indeed as a promulgator of, some of those changes and challenges, my own ideas and opinions have changed significantly since writing the earlier chapter. They continue to change—the topics are rapidly moving targets. This has presented me with a dilemma: whether simply to update the earlier chapter by adding selectively from the last half dozen years’ research in cognitive psychology and risk appearing to promote ideas that some now see as irrelevant to the study and practice of educational technology; or to throw out everything from the original chapter and start from scratch. I decided to compromise. This chapter consists of the same content, updated and slightly abbreviated, that was in the first edition of the Handbook, focusing on research in cognitive theory up until the mid-1990s. I have added sections that present and discuss the reasons for current dissatisfaction, among some educators, with these traditional views of cognition. And I have added sections that describe recent views, particularly of mental representation and cognitive processing, which are different from the more traditional views. There are three reasons for my decision. First, the reader of a handbook like this needs to consider the historical context within which current theory has developed, even when that theory has emerged from the rejection, not the extension, of some earlier ideas. Second, recent collaborations with colleagues in cognitive psychology, computer science, and cognitive neuroscience have confirmed for me that these disciplines, which I remain convinced are centrally relevant to research in educational technology, still operate largely within the more traditional view of cognition. Third, a great deal of the research and practice of educational technology continues to operate within the traditional framework, and continues to benefit from it. I also note that other chapters in the Handbook deal more thoroughly, and more ably, with the newer views. So, if readers find this chapter somewhat old fashioned in places, I am nonetheless confident that within the view of our discipline offered by the Handbook in its entirety, this chapter still has an important place.
Cognitive Therapy and Recovery from Acute Psychosis : a Controlled Trial

Background. The appiioa@onof cogni@vetherapy (Cl) to psychosis is currently being de veloped in the UK.This paper reportsa trialof CTin acute psychosis with the objective of hasteningthe resolutionof positivesymptomsandreducingresidualsymptoms. Method. 0f117 patients wkh acute non-affective psychosis, 69 satisfied inclusion critena and 40 proceeded to stratified randomisation. The experimental intervention involvingk@dividual and group CTwas compared with a group receiving matched hours Oftherapist input providing structured activities and informalsupport routine pharmacotherapy was provided by clinicians blindto group allocation.Patientswere monitoredweeldy using self-reportand mentalstate assessments during admission and over the subsequent nine months. Results. Both groups showed a decline in positive symptoms but this was more marked uithe CTgroup (P<O.0O1). At 9 months 5%of the CTgroup,v.56%of the controlgroup,showed moderateorsevere residualsymptoms. Conclusion. CTappears to be a potent adjunctto pharmacotherapyand standardcare for acute psychosis. Issues concerning internaland external validityof the studyand opportunities for further research are discussed.
Factors influencing the absorption of iron from soya-bean protein products

1. The absorption of iron from soya-bean (Glycine hispida)-based and milk-based infant formulas was assessed in 138 multiparous Indian women, using the erythrocyte utilization of radioactive Fe method. 2. Fe absorption was significantly greater from the basal milk formula (1.5 g protein) than it was from the basal soya-bean formula (2.3 g protein), with geometric mean values of 0.083 and 0.044 respectively. 3. Ascorbic acid markedly increased Fe absorption from the milk-based formula in a dose-dependent fashion. The increase was fivefold when the ascorbic acid: Fe ratio on a weight-for-weight basis was 6: 1 and over tenfold when it was 20:1. In contrast, ascorbic acid had a less-marked effect on the absorption of Fe from the soya-bean-based formula, with only a two- to threefold increase at an ascorbic acid: Fe ratio of 20: 1. 4. The geometric mean Fe absorption from the soya-bean formula (1.27 mg Fe, 2.3 g isolated soya-bean protein (ISP)) was somewhat less than that from the same amounts of ISP and ascorbic acid made up in milk (0.075 and 0.1 13 respectively). However, a direct comparison between the soya-bean formula in milk and in water showed no significant difference (0.043 and 0.060 respectively). 5. Fe absorption from a drink containing 10 g ISP and 30 mg ascorbic acid was significantly better than that from a similar drink containing the soya-bean flour from which ISP is extracted (0.044 and 0.027 respectively). 6. Heating ISP to 200° for 2 h before its use had no effect on Fe availability. When 2.3 g heated ISP (10 mg ascorbic acid) was compared with a similar formulation of untreated ISP, Fe absorption values were 0.135 and 0.099 respectively. Comparable values with 25 g ISP (no ascorbic acid) were 0.067 and 0.058. 7. Citric acid in amounts of 1 4 g had a dose related but limited enhancing effect on Fe absorption from 10 g ISP, with a rise from 0.01 1 (no citric acid) to 0.068 (4 g citric acid). 8. There was appreciable variability in the levels of Fe absorption in different studies, which suggested that unidentified manufacturing or preparative differences might be influencing the overall results.
Angiostrongylus cantonensis DNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Persons with Eosinophilic Meningitis, Laos

Definitive identification of Angiostrongylus cantonensis parasites from clinical specimens is difficult. As a result, regional epidemiology and burden are poorly characterized. To ascertain presence of this parasite in patients in Laos with eosinophilic meningitis, we performed quantitative PCRs on 36 cerebrospinal fluid samples; 4 positive samples confirmed the parasite’s presence.
Book Review: Helping African American Men Succeed in College

Much of what is said and written about African American men emphasizes the negative image that stigmatizes this population. Whether reinforced through popular culture's music and video, or through high profile crimes, the constant message presented to all segments of society is that this is a violent and endangered species. Reasonably, higher education struggles with its perceptions of African American men, even though we verbalize our commitments to diversity and community.
Spite and virulence in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Social interactions within populations of pathogenic microbes may play an important role in determining disease virulence. One such ubiquitous interaction is the production of anticompetitor toxins; an example of a spiteful behavior, because it results in direct fitness costs to both the actor and recipient. Following from predictions made by mathematical models, we carried out experiments using the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa to test under what social conditions toxin (bacteriocin) production is favored and how this in turn affects virulence in the larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella. Consistent with theory, we found that the growth of bacteriocin producers relative to sensitive non-producers is maximized when toxin producers are at intermediate frequencies in the population. Furthermore, growth rate and virulence in caterpillars was minimized when bacteriocin producers have the greatest relative growth advantage. These results suggest that spiteful interactions may play an important role in the population dynamics and virulence of natural bacterial infections.
Effects of inflammation on stem cells: together they strive?

Inflammation entails a complex set of defense mechanisms acting in concert to restore the homeostatic balance in organisms after damage or pathogen invasion. This immune response consists of the activity of various immune cells in a highly complex manner. Inflammation is a double‐edged sword as it is reported to have both detrimental and beneficial consequences. In this review, we discuss the effects of inflammation on stem cell activity, focusing primarily on neural stem/progenitor cells in mammals and zebrafish. We also give a brief overview of the effects of inflammation on other stem cell compartments, exemplifying the positive and negative role of inflammation on stemness. The majority of the chronic diseases involve an unremitting phase of inflammation due to improper resolution of the initial pro‐inflammatory response that impinges on the stem cell behavior. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of crosstalk between the inflammatory milieu and tissue‐resident stem cells is an important basis for clinical efforts. Not only is it important to understand the effect of inflammation on stem cell activity for further defining the etiology of the diseases, but also better mechanistic understanding is essential to design regenerative therapies that aim at micromanipulating the inflammatory milieu to offset the negative effects and maximize the beneficial outcomes.
ABO blood groups comparing obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression

Introduction: The history of studies on blood groups dates back to early 20th century. Studies have demonstrated that certain blood groups dictate tendencies toward physical or psychiatric illnesses. The present study aimed to find out the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Methods: In this survey, descriptive study with convenient samples, male/female patients who attended our psychiatry clinics with OCD (n=200) and depression (n=201) diagnosis, were enrolled according to DSM IV-TR criteria. Group one included two hundred patients with OCD (41 male and 159 female; mean age: 32.86 years) and second group consisting of two hundred and one patients were used for ABO/Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigen typing. Results : The ABO blood group phenotype distribution in OCD and depression subjects were respectively as follow: 31% (29.9%) for group A, 21% (22.9%) for group B, 40% (36.8%1) for group O and 8% (10.5%) for group AB. Rh positivity was found in 87% (85.6%1) of patients. Also, According to the Iranian Red Cross (2004), blood groups in OCD and depressive group were not significantly different from the distribution in the total Iranian population (chi-square=1.87, DF=6, p=0.93). Conclusion : According to our results, there were no differences in ABO-Rh blood groups distribution among OCD and depressive patients and normal population. Declaration of Interest: None. [1] Keywords : ABO blood group type, Obsession, Compulsive, Behavior. 1. Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Behavioral Sciences Studies, Faculty of Rehabilitation, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences. 2 . Master in Psychometry, Centre for Behavioral Sciences Studies, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences Corresponding Author: ParvinDibajian, Tel-fax: +98-21 -77561406
Structural constraints on pronoun binding and coreference: evidence from eye movements during reading

A number of recent studies have investigated how syntactic and non-syntactic constraints combine to cue memory retrieval during anaphora resolution. In this paper we investigate how syntactic constraints and gender congruence interact to guide memory retrieval during the resolution of subject pronouns. Subject pronouns are always technically ambiguous, and the application of syntactic constraints on their interpretation depends on properties of the antecedent that is to be retrieved. While pronouns can freely corefer with non-quantified referential antecedents, linking a pronoun to a quantified antecedent is only possible in certain syntactic configurations via variable binding. We report the results from a judgment task and three online reading comprehension experiments investigating pronoun resolution with quantified and non-quantified antecedents. Results from both the judgment task and participants' eye movements during reading indicate that comprehenders freely allow pronouns to corefer with non-quantified antecedents, but that retrieval of quantified antecedents is restricted to specific syntactic environments. We interpret our findings as indicating that syntactic constraints constitute highly weighted cues to memory retrieval during anaphora resolution.
The emergence of cardiometabolic disease risk in Chinese children and adults: consequences of changes in diet, physical activity and obesity

Strong secular declines in physical activity, increased fat and salt intake, and increased obesity, especially abdominal obesity, mark China's recent nutrition transition. The China Health and Nutrition 2009 Survey collected anthropometry, blood pressure and fasting blood samples from more than 9,000 individuals ≥7 years of age. We focus on elevated blood pressure and plasma markers of diabetes, inflammation and dyslipidemia. We used international definitions of cardiometabolic risk and estimated age‐ and sex‐specific prevalence ratios for each outcome for high waist circumference or overweight. We used logistic regression to assess each risk factor's association with diet, physical activity, overweight and abdominal obesity. Cardiometabolic risk prevalence was high in all age groups Prevalence ratios for most risk factors were nearly doubled for overweight or high waist circumference groups. Prevalence ratios were higher in younger than older adults. Low physical activity consistently predicted higher cardiometabolic risk across most outcomes and age‐sex groups. The co‐occurrence of overweight and high waist circumference was highly predictive of dyslipidemia, elevated glycated haemoglobin and diabetes. High prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and their strong association with weight status and abdominal obesity in young adults portend increases in cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Early interventions will be required to reverse trends.
Enhanced Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy via a Sequential Targeting Protocol

This study was designed to examine determinants of the discovery that low‐dose lysosomal photodamage (lyso‐PDT) could potentiate the efficacy of subsequent low‐dose mitochondrial photodamage (mito‐PDT). The chlorin NPe6 and the benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) were used to separately target lysosomes and mitochondria, respectively, in murine hepatoma cells. Lyso‐PDT (LD5 conditions) followed by mito‐PDT (LD15 conditions) enhanced the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of procaspases‐3/7 and photokilling. Reversing the sequence was less effective. The optimal sequence did not enhance reactive oxygen species formation above that obtained with low‐dose mito‐PDT. In contrast, alkalinization of lysosomes with bafilomycin also enhanced low‐dose mito‐PDT photokilling, but via a different pathway. This involves redistribution of iron from lysosomes to mitochondria leading to enhanced hydroxyl radical formation, effects not observed after the sequential procedure. Moreover, Ru360, an inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium and iron uptake, partially suppressed the ability of bafilomycin to enhance mito‐PDT photokilling without affecting the enhanced efficacy of the sequential protocol. We conclude that sequential PDT protocol promotes PDT efficacy by a process not involving iron translocation, but via promotion of the pro‐apoptotic signal that derives from mitochondrial photodamage.
The involvement of distinct visual channels in rapid attention towards fearful facial expressions

This paper reports five experiments demonstrating that the low spatial frequency components of faces are critical to the production of rapid attentional responses towards fearful facial expressions. In our main experiments, low spatial frequency (LSF) or high spatial frequency (HSF) face pairs, consisting of one fearful and one neutral expression, were presented on a computer screen for a brief period. Participants were required to identify as quickly as possible the orientation of a bar target that immediately replaced one of the faces. Responses were faster when targets replaced the location of LSF fearful faces, compared with LSF neutral faces. By contrast, there were no differences between responses to targets replacing HSF fearful versus HSF neutral faces. This facilitation in spatial orienting occurred specifically with short time intervals between faces and target, and is consistent with a rapid processing of fear cues from LSF inputs that can serve to guide attention towards threat events.
Gastrointestinal Kaposi’s sarcoma: CD117 expression and the potential for misdiagnosis as gastrointestinal stromal tumour

Aims: Gastrointestinal Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) may mimic gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) histologically. Studies have shown that KS outside the gastrointestinal (GI) tract may express CD117, an antibody usually used to support a diagnosis of GIST. The aim was to evaluate the clinicopathological features of GI KS, including the expression of CD117 with and without antigen retrieval.
Creativity through Education: A Process for Enhancing Students' Self-Perceptions

The issue of enhancing individual creativity in business has clear implications for marketing educators. Although the issue is receiving increased attention, instructional techniques and actual implementation of creativity-building exercises have not been widely adopted. This article describes creativity exercises and shows how self-perceived levels of creativity may be increased through education at the university level. After a semester of instruction in methods for overcoming creative blocks, student's perceptions of their creativity increased regardless of the grade in the class. The results show how educators can incorporate similar procedures in other marketing classes.
Large improvements in application throughput of long‐running multi‐component applications using batch grids

Computational grids with multiple batch systems (batch grids) can be powerful infrastructures for executing long‐running multi‐component parallel applications. In this paper, we evaluate the potential improvements in throughput of long‐running multi‐component applications when the different components of the applications are executed on multiple batch systems of batch grids. We compare the multiple batch executions with executions of the components on a single batch system without increasing the number of processors used for executions. We perform our analysis with a foremost long‐running multi‐component application for climate modeling, the Community Climate System Model (CCSM). We have built a robust simulator that models the characteristics of both the multi‐component application and the batch systems. By conducting large number of simulations with different workload characteristics and queuing policies of the systems, processor allocations to components of the application, distributions of the components to the batch systems and inter‐cluster bandwidths, we show that multiple batch executions lead to 55% average increase in throughput over single batch executions for long‐running CCSM. We also conducted real experiments with a practical middleware infrastructure and showed that multi‐site executions lead to effective utilization of batch systems for executions of CCSM and give higher simulation throughput than single‐site executions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explicit Nature of Science and Argumentation Instruction in the Context of Socioscientific Issues: An effect on student learning and transfer

The purpose of the study was two-fold: to (a) investigate the influence of explicit nature of science (NOS) and explicit argumentation instruction in the context of a socioscientific issue on the argumentation skills and NOS understandings of students, and (b) explore the transfer of students' NOS understandings and argumentation skills learned in one socioscientific context into other similar contexts (familiar and unfamiliar). Participants were a total of 121 seventh grade students from two schools. The treatment involved an eight-week unit about the water usage and safety, which was taught by two teachers for two intact groups (Treatments I and II). Explicit NOS instruction was integrated for all groups. However, only the Treatment I groups had the additional explicit argumentation instruction. Participants were pre- and post-tested using an open-ended questionnaire and interviews about two socioscientific issues to assess their learning and transfer of argumentation skills and NOS understandings. Results showed improvements in the learning of argumentation practice and NOS understandings for Treatment I group participants. Similarly, there were improvements in the learning and transfer of NOS understandings for Treatment II group participants with only some improvements for the argumentation practice. Further, some of the Treatment I group participants made connections to argumentation when explicating their NOS understandings by the end of the study. Findings were discussed in light of classroom practice that utilizes an explicit approach, contextual approach, as well as an approach that integrates NOS and argumentation simultaneously.
The reward–performance relationship in work teams: The role of leader behaviors and team commitment

This study investigates the role of team-based reward leadership in regard to team performance by considering the mediating role of team commitment and the moderating effect of abusive supervision. Using a multisource approach, data was gathered from 381 members and 101 immediate supervisors (which represents 101 work teams) in a public safety organization. Results of path analyses show that the relationship between team-based reward leadership and team performance is mediated by team commitment. Moreover, results of hierarchical regression analyses indicate that the relationship between team-based reward leadership and team commitment is moderated by abusive supervision, such that this relationship is stronger when the level of abusive supervision is low. On the whole, the findings of this study help to better understand why and when team-based reward leadership may enhance team performance.