Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Privacy under Construction

We present a developmental perspective regarding the difference in perceptions toward privacy between young and old. Here, we introduce the notion of privacy conceptions, that is, the specific ideas that individuals have regarding what privacy actually is. The differences in privacy concerns often found between young and old are postulated as the result of the differences found in their privacy conceptions, which are subsequently linked to their developmental life stages. The data presented have been obtained through a questionnaire distributed among adolescents, young adults, and adults and provide support for this developmental perspective. This study is one of the first to include adolescents when investigating the privacy concerns among young and old. The results show that the privacy conceptions held by adolescents indeed differ from those held by young adults and adults in keeping with the expectations as seen from a developmental perspective. In addition, the areas in which the differences in privacy conceptions are found also reflect the strongest relationship with concerns. As such, these findings present an alternative perspective to the commonly held notion that young people are less concerned about privacy.
In-Group Bias and Fair-Mindedness as Strategies of Self-Presentation in Intergroup Perception

The authors reviewed the anomalies in tests of the in-group bias hypothesis and tested the hypothesis that intergroup perception is a compromise between the need to preserve a positive social identity and maintain a self-image of fair-mindedness. Given two response measures, participants may show discrimination along one but not the other. Evaluation of multiple groups may invoke recategorization: Contrast between out-group and in-group will serve the social identity need; assimilation of at least one out-group with the in-group will satisfy the fair-mindedness need. Participants age 11 and above showed in-group bias in competence but no discrimination in attraction; the 7-year-olds discriminated along both measures. The hypothesized recategorization effects emerged in a within-participants study. Nonnegative ratings of the out-group also illustrated fairness in the participants. These results portray in-group bias and fair-mindedness as strategies of self presentation in intergroup perception.
Management of Indigenous Plant-Microbe Symbioses Aids Restoration of Desertified Ecosystems

ABSTRACT Disturbance of natural plant communities is the first visible indication of a desertification process, but damage to physical, chemical, and biological soil properties is known to occur simultaneously. Such soil degradation limits reestablishment of the natural plant cover. In particular, desertification causes disturbance of plant-microbe symbioses which are a critical ecological factor in helping further plant growth in degraded ecosystems. Here we demonstrate, in two long-term experiments in a desertified Mediterranean ecosystem, that inoculation with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and with rhizobial nitrogen-fixing bacteria not only enhanced the establishment of key plant species but also increased soil fertility and quality. The dual symbiosis increased the soil nitrogen (N) content, organic matter, and hydrostable soil aggregates and enhanced N transfer from N-fixing to nonfixing species associated within the natural succession. We conclude that the introduction of target indigenous species of plants associated with a managed community of microbial symbionts is a successful biotechnological tool to aid the recovery of desertified ecosystems.
Activity of Voriconazole, a New Triazole, Combined with Neutrophils or Monocytes against Candida albicans: Effect of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

ABSTRACT The antifungal activity of voriconazole (VCZ) was tested againstCandida albicans in the absence or presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) or monocytes. In some experiments, VCZ was compared to fluconazole (FCZ). On a weight basis, VCZ was 10-fold more efficacious than FCZ against C. albicans Sh27. Against an FCZ-resistant isolate, VCZ at 1 μg/ml produced the same fungistasis as FCZ at 20 μg/ml. VCZ at 0.1 μg/ml collaborated with PMN for enhanced killing to the same extent as FCZ at 1.0 μg/ml. Granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) enhanced the candidacidal activity of PMN, and it increased the collaboration of PMN with VCZ for killing. Granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF also significantly enhanced both the killing by PMN and the collaboration of PMN with VCZ for killing. VCZ collaborated with monocytes for enhanced killing ofC. albicans Sh27, and GM-CSF increased this collaboration. Taken together, these data show that VCZ is more potent than FCZ against C. albicans isolates, alone and in collaboration with PMN or monocytes for enhanced killing. In addition, G-CSF- or GM-CSF-activated PMN and monocytes have enhanced collaboration with VCZ compared to that of unstimulated phagocytes with VCZ.
Blink Reflex Response in Migraine - A Clinical Study

Blink reflex is a polysynaptic reflex. It is a non-invasive method that can provide information on peripheral and central neurological functions of trigemino-vascular mechanisms for migraine. Numbers of studies are done by the researchers of western countries on habituation responses of blink reflex and its importance in the treatment of migraine. In our study indicate the small changes in latency, amplitude and interval of blink reflex among migraine patients, but the values are not statistically significant. This may be due to a difference in the patients approach after the migraine attack to the neurology department. Most of the migraineurs are out patients, so further study on the important of blink reflex could not be done. Habituation of the trigemino-vascular system by electrical stimulation of the supra-orbital nerve is an important for bio-feedback mechanisms in controlling migraine.
Estimation of the Equivalent Number of Looks in Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery

This paper addresses estimation of the equivalent number of looks (ENL), an important parameter in statistical modeling of multilook synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Two new ENL estimators are discovered by looking at certain moments of the multilook polarimetric covariance matrix, which is commonly used to represent multilook polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) data, and assuming that the covariance matrix is complex Wishart distributed. First, a second-order trace moment provides a polarimetric extension of the ENL definition and also a matrix-variate version of the conventional ENL estimator. The second estimator is obtained from the log-determinant matrix moment and is also shown to be the maximum likelihood estimator under the Wishart model. It proves to have much lower variance than any other known ENL estimator, whether applied to single-polarization or PolSAR data. Moreover, this estimator is less affected by texture and thus provides more accurate results than other estimators should the assumption of Gaussian statistics for the complex scattering coefficients be violated. These are the first known estimators to use the full covariance matrix as input, rather than individual intensity channels, and therefore to utilize all the statistical information available. We finally demonstrate how an ENL estimate can be computed automatically from the empirical density of small sample estimates calculated over a whole scene. We show that this method is more robust than procedures where the estimate is calculated in a manually selected region of interest.
Spinal alignment, mobility of the hip and thoracic spine and prevalence of low back pain in young elite cross-country skiers

This study investigated the association between spinal alignment, mobility of the hips and the thoracic spine and low back pain in adolescent cross-country skiers. Cohort of 51 elite cross-country skiers from a cross-country skiing high school in Sweden participated in the study. Sagittal spinal alignment, active range of motion in flexion, extension and rotation of the thoracic spine as well as passive and active extension of the hips were measured. The participants also completed a questionnaire regarding training, competition, skiing technique and occurrence of low back pain. A simple linear regression was calculated to predict pain score based on thoraco-lumbar relation, with a significant (P<0.05) regression equation of y=−0.069x+2.280 (standard error of estimate, 0.034). Participants with greater lordosis than kyphosis were more likely to suffer from low back pain than subjects without this offset. Thoracic mobility and passive or active hip extension showed no correlation with low back pain. Sagittal spinal alignment seems to be related with low back pain among young elite cross-country skiers. This study shows that range of motion of the thoracic spine and hips do not have an effect on the prevalence of low back pain in this population.
Suicide in Prison: A Qualitative Study

Suicide is an important cause of death in prisons across the United States. Existing research on prison suicides has been criticized for focusing on static variables such as demographics. The purpose of the present investigation was to study dynamic variables by examining the experiences of 24 inmates who attempted suicide in prison. Inmates were interviewed in six state prison facilities in Oregon. The results were organized into three categories: mental health issues, relationship issues, and prison factors. The themes and subthemes of each category are illustrated with quotes, and results are discussed in light of relevant literature.
Japanese Interrogation Techniques From Prisoners’ Perspectives

This study examined responses to a self-report questionnaire on interviewing techniques administered to 291 incoming adult male prison inmates across Japan who were convicted of murder, robbery, arson, rape, forcible indecency, or kidnapping. The questionnaire focused on interrogations that led to confessions. Four interview styles (Evidence-confrontational, Relationship-focused, Undifferentiated-high, and Undifferentiated-low) were identified. For prisoners who had already decided to confess before their interrogation, interview styles had no effect on the tendency to confess. However, when prisoners were undecided about confessing or had previously decided to deny allegations, the Relationship-focused and Undifferentiated-high interview styles were associated with confessions. Furthermore, prisoners who experienced Relationship-focused interviews were more likely to provide previously undisclosed information to the police.
Combining Fungal Biopesticides and Insecticide-Treated Bednets to Enhance Malaria Control

In developing strategies to control malaria vectors, there is increased interest in biological methods that do not cause instant vector mortality, but have sublethal and lethal effects at different ages and stages in the mosquito life cycle. These techniques, particularly if integrated with other vector control interventions, may produce substantial reductions in malaria transmission due to the total effect of alterations to multiple life history parameters at relevant points in the life-cycle and transmission-cycle of the vector. To quantify this effect, an analytically tractable gonotrophic cycle model of mosquito-malaria interactions is developed that unites existing continuous and discrete feeding cycle approaches. As a case study, the combined use of fungal biopesticides and insecticide treated bednets (ITNs) is considered. Low values of the equilibrium EIR and human prevalence were obtained when fungal biopesticides and ITNs were combined, even for scenarios where each intervention acting alone had relatively little impact. The effect of the combined interventions on the equilibrium EIR was at least as strong as the multiplicative effect of both interventions. For scenarios representing difficult conditions for malaria control, due to high transmission intensity and widespread insecticide resistance, the effect of the combined interventions on the equilibrium EIR was greater than the multiplicative effect, as a result of synergistic interactions between the interventions. Fungal biopesticide application was found to be most effective when ITN coverage was high, producing significant reductions in equilibrium prevalence for low levels of biopesticide coverage. By incorporating biological mechanisms relevant to vectorial capacity, continuous-time vector population models can increase their applicability to integrated vector management.
Parents' Goals and Values for Children

Parents' long-term goals and values for their children vary across U.S. ethnic groups. Researchers have found that ethnic minority groups tend to promote interdependence, and European Americans tend to promote independence, yet evidence of both orientations has also been found within each ethnic group. To compare both the similarities and variations between ethnic groups, this study used a multiethnic questionnaire measuring multiple dimensions of each orientation. A sample of 343 parents from four ethnic groups completed a parental goals questionnaire, and exploratory factor analysis suggested five scales: tradition and conformity, relatedness, benevolence and prosocial, agency and self-direction, and power and achievement. All groups highly valued dimensions of both independence and interdependence, and ethnicity explained differences in all five scales, controlling for parental education level. Using an ecocultural perspective that views parent—child relationships within multiple intersecting ecologies, this study provides evidence for the coexistence of dimensions of independence and interdependence in parents' cultural models in the United States.
Advanced Readers in Reading First Classrooms

This study of advanced readers in Reading First (RF) classrooms was part of a larger evaluation of one state’s RF implementation. The study’s purposes were to (a) assess the longitudinal growth of advanced primary readers as compared with their non-advanced-reading peers over a 3-year timeframe and (b) determine the degree to which RF classrooms addressed the reading needs of advanced primary readers. Archival data sources included RF scaled scores, classroom observations, and interviews with teachers, coaches, and principals. Using multilevel growth modeling, results indicated that all readers grew; however, advanced readers grew the least, with the average of the group going from the 97th national percentile rank (NPR) in the spring of kindergarten to the 83rd NPR in the spring of their second-grade year. Qualitative findings revealed four themes: (a) Strict adherence to adopted basal readers defined program fidelity, (b) compromises in curriculum and instruction limited opportunities for advanced readers, (c) degree of fit between the core basal readers and advanced readers resulted in lack of challenge, and (d) varied understandings (and misunderstandings) surrounding differentiated instruction led to limited rigor for advanced readers. Recommendations are offered to help practitioners and researchers ensure that the needs of advanced readers in proposed federal and state education regulations and initiatives are considered rather than only focusing on struggling students.
In vitro multipotentiality and characterization of human unfractured traumatic hemarthrosis‐derived progenitor cells: A potential cell source for tissue repair

Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are a very attractive tool in the context of repair and regeneration of musculoskeletal tissue damaged by trauma. The most common source of MPCs to date has been the bone marrow, but aspirating bone marrow from the patient is an invasive procedure. In an attempt to search for alternative sources of MPCs that could be obtained with minimal invasion, we looked into traumatic hemarthrosis of the knee. In this study, we determined whether a population of multipotent MPCs could be isolated from acute traumatic knee hemarthrosis in the absence of intra‐articular fractures. Mononuclear cells were isolated from the aspirated hemarthrosis by density gradient separation, and cultured. We were able to obtain plastic adherent fibroblast‐like cells from the mononuclear cell fractions. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the adherent fibroblast‐like cells were consistently positive for CD29, CD44, CD105, and CD166, and were negative for CD14, CD34, and CD45. These were similar to control bone marrow stromal cells. These cells could differentiate in vitro into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic cells in the presence of lineage‐specific induction factors. In conclusion, acute unfractured traumatic hemarthrosis of the knee contains MPCs with multipotentiality. Because knee hemarthrosis is easy to harvest with minimal pain and without unnecessary invasion, we regard hemarthrosis‐derived cells as an additional progenitor cell source for future tissue engineering and cell‐based therapy in knee injuries. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 561–566, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrasonography-Guided Versus Fluoroscopy-Guided Modified Minimally Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Staghorn Calculi : A Comparative Study

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of ultrasonography (US) guided renal percutaneous access for modified minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL)with conventional fluoroscopy-guided access. We also discuss the application of USguided residual stone searching in one tract or multiple tract procedures. Patient and Methods: From April 2013 to December 2014, 134 patients with staghorn calculi were randomly separated into two groups (67 in each), namely, USand fluoroscopic-guided access groups. In the US-guided group, puncturing was performed using a 3.5/5 MHz US probe, whereas fluoroscopy was utilized in the fluoroscopic-guided group. Patient demographics, stone parameters, and pre-, intra-and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Results: Both groups were comparable in terms of patient demographic and stone characteristics. The mean ages of the patients were 39.5 [16-67] years old and 41.5 [15-74] years old in the USand fluoroscopic-guided groups, respectively (p=0.3843). The male to female ratios in the groups were 43/24 and 42/25, respectively (p=0.8599). Successful access was achieved in 97% of cases in the US-guided group and in 100% in the fluoroscopic group (p=0.4962); the success rates of renal unit access in the groups were 97.3% and 100%, respectively (P=0.4967). Compared to the fluoroscopy group, the duration of radiation exposure during the puncture phase and the mean operating time from initiation of puncture to nephrostomy placement were significantly lower in the US group, at 0.1±0.00 minutes vs 1.4±0.34 minutes (p<0.0001) and at 93.5±11.6 minutes vs 125.3±21.2 minutes, (p<0.0001). Two patients in the US group required fluoroscopic adjustment. A significantly higher stone-free rate after the primary operation was observed in the US-guided group than in the fluoroscopic group (92.0% vs 76.7%, p=0.0124) at postoperative day 2. Furthermore, the average hospital stays were 5.1±2.7 and 5.4±2.3 days, respectively, for the US and fluoroscopy groups (p=0.4899). There were no statistically significant differences in the total number of tracts, blood transfusions, or postoperative fever between the groups (p<0.05).
Neuromarketing and the Perception of Knowledge

The emerging field of neuromarketing reveals that knowledge has plasticity. In other words, different stakeholders, marketing researchers and practitioners, perceive the development and application of neuromarketing knowledge in different ways. Having different perceptions of knowledge is not a new issue, but finding new interconnections between those perceptions is beneficial to knowledge creation and diffusion. The research-practice gap in neuromarketing is briefly discussed and then resolved through the contribution of this commentary, the proposal of a novel Neuromarketing Research Model. The Model interconnects basic research reporting, applied research reporting, media reporting and power processes.
Acute effects of red wine on cytochrome P450 eicosanoids and blood pressure in men

Objective: The vasodilation accompanying acute alcohol ingestion is hard to reconcile with the strong evidence linking chronic alcohol consumption with hypertension. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid include vasodilator epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and the vasoconstrictor 20-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (20-HETE). This study aimed to examine the relationship between CYP450 eicosanoids and blood pressure (BP), and compared the effect of single session of drinking red wine with de-alcoholized red wine (DRW) or water over 24 h. Methods: Twenty-five normotensive men were randomly assigned to drink either 375 ml of red wine (41 g of alcohol) or the equivalent volume of DRW or water, with a light meal on 3 separate days. Ambulatory BP and heart rate were measured over 24 h. Blood samples were obtained before and 2, 4 and 24 h after beverage consumption. Results: Blood pressure fell in the first 4 h after red wine consumption (P = 0.001), but was significantly higher after 20 h (P = 0.037). Plasma 20-HETE fell in the 2 h after consumption of all beverages, but over the 24-h period was relatively higher after red wine consumption (P = 0.025). The largest difference in 20-HETE was 2 h after consuming red wine and coincided with the highest blood alcohol level. There were no significant effects of red wine on plasma EETs. Conclusion: Acute consumption of alcohol as red wine results in a relative increase in plasma levels of the vasoconstrictor 20-HETE over 24 h without affecting EETs, and may contribute to the BP elevation that associates with a binge drinking pattern or be a homeostatic response to the acute fall in BP induced by alcohol.
Exploring teacher/student knowledge and conceptions of knowledge through enquiry-based research in visual art studies.

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Building Gold Standard Corpora for Medical Natural Language Processing Tasks

We present the construction of three annotated corpora to serve as gold standards for medical natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Clinical notes from the medical record, clinical trial announcements, and FDA drug labels are annotated. We report high inter-annotator agreements (overall F-measures between 0.8467 and 0.9176) for the annotation of Personal Health Information (PHI) elements for a de-identification task and of medications, diseases/disorders, and signs/symptoms for information extraction (IE) task. The annotated corpora of clinical trials and FDA labels will be publicly released and to facilitate translational NLP tasks that require cross-corpora interoperability (e.g. clinical trial eligibility screening) their annotation schemas are aligned with a large scale, NIH-funded clinical text annotation project.