Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brain representation of habituation to repeated complex visual stimulation studied with PET

To investigate CNS habituation (i.e. response decrement due to stimulus repetition) the present study used positron emission tomography (PET) to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in eight healthy women during two repetitions of complex visual stimuli. Repeated visual stimulation resulted in neural habituation bilaterally in the secondary visual cortex and in the right medial temporal cortex including the amygdala and the hippocampus. Regional CBF in the left thalamus was elevated as a function of repeated stimuli presentations. Thus, repeated presentation of complex visual stimuli result in rCBF habituation in later stages of the visual processing chain. The elevated neural activity in the thalamus might be associated with interruption of further neural transmission related to suppression of non-meaningful behavior.
Teacher Response to Learning Disability

Attribution research has identified student ability and effort expended as causes of achievement outcomes that result in differing teacher affect, evaluative feedback, and expectation of future performance. Ninety-seven elementary-school general education teachers (84 women and 13 men) rated their responses to the test failures of hypothetical boys with and without learning disabilities. In most cases, greater reward and less punishment, less anger and more pity, and higher expectations of future failure followed the negative outcomes of the boys with learning disabilities, when compared with their nondisabled ability and effort matches, indicating that learning disability acts as a cause of achievement outcomes in the same way as ability and effort. This pattern of teacher affect and response can send negative messages that are often interpreted as low-ability cues, thus affecting students' self-esteem, sense of competence as learners, and motivation to achieve.
Distinct deleted regions on chromosome segment 16q23–24 associated with metastases in prostate cancer

Cadherins (CDH) are cell adhesion molecules and their dysfunctions have been implicated in the development of cancer metastases. Several cadherin genes are tandemly located on 16q, which is frequently deleted in prostate cancer. We therefore used 22 markers on 16q to localize important deleted regions in metastases of this tumor. We found 16q deletions in 24/32 (75%) tumors. All lymph node and brain metastases showed extensive deletions, while 52% of primary tumors displayed limited deletions. Commonly deleted regions (CDRs) on 16q23–24, CDR2 (D16S515‐D16S516) and CDR4 (D16S520‐D13S3028), were strongly associated with metastases and increased Gleason score. Reduced CDH1 (E‐cadherin) expression was seen in 16/32 (50%) tumors, but the CDH1 gene is not within either of these two regions. Sequencing analysis for all 16 exons of the CDH1 gene did not reveal any mutations in 10 tumors, including three brain metastases with both 16q22.1 deletion and absent E‐cadherin expression. Our results implicate other, yet unidentified genes on 16q23–24 to be the frequent targets of mutations and deletions in prostate cancer metastases. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 24:175–182, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FunctionGerminal Center B Cells Impairs T15 Ig Somatic Mutation in H Hemocyanin: V Phosphocholine-Keyhole Limpet Repertoire Shift in the Humoral Response to

Phosphocholine (PC) is a naturally occurring Ag common to many pathogenic microorganisms. Early in the primary response to PC conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), T15 Id (cid:1) Abs constitute > 90% of the serum Ig in BALB/c mice. During the late primary and memory response to PC-protein, a shift in the repertoire occurs and T15 Id (cid:1) Abs lose dominance. In this study, we use immunohistochemistry and single germinal center microdissection to locate T15 Id (cid:1) cells in the spleen in a primary response to PC-KLH. We demonstrate T15 Id (cid:1) B cells and V H 1-DFL16.1-JH1 and V (cid:2) 22-J (cid:2) 5 rearrangements in germinal centers early in the immune response; thus loss of T15 dominance is not due to lack of T15 cells within germinal centers. One-hundred thirty one V H 1 and 57 V (cid:2) 22 rearrangements were cloned and sequenced. Thirty four percent of the V H 1 clones and 37% of the V (cid:2) 22 clones contained somatic mutations indicating participation in the germinal center response. Six variant T15 H clones were expressed with wild-type T15 L chain in vitro. Two of these Abs were defective in secretion providing the ﬁrst evidence that mutation occurring in vivo can disrupt Ig assembly and secretion. Of the four secretion-competent Abs, two failed to display binding to PC-protein, while the other two displayed altered carrier recognition. These results indicate that somatic mutation of T15 in vivo can result in the loss of binding and secretion, potentially leading to B cell wastage. The failure of T15 to gain afﬁnity enhancing mutations in the face of these detrimental changes may contribute to repertoire shift. The Journal of Immunology,
Children's perceptions of plants following their visit to the Eden Project

The study described is part of a larger research programme designed to investigate primary aged children's learning during a visit to the Eden Project. Children from eight primary schools were interviewed approximately four weeks after a one‐day, teacher‐led visit to the Eden Project (EP) in Cornwall. Their responses revealed that the children enjoyed their visit to the EP and were affected by the sensory experience of being immersed in such a profusion of plants from around the world. The children showed interest in the plants that were relevant to their lives but were often unsure of the relationship between plants, people and resources. The analysis highlights the need for teachers to integrate a visit to the EP within their school's curriculum, particularly in respect of prior preparation and mediation, in order to capitalize effectively on the children's experiences during their visit to the Eden Project.
Customer-Related Social Stressors

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to replicate the dimensions of the customer-related social stressors (CSS) concept across service jobs, to investigate their consequences for service providers’ well-being, and to examine emotional dissonance as mediator. Data of 20 studies comprising of different service jobs (N = 4,199) were integrated into a single data set and meta-analyzed. Confirmatory factor analyses and explorative principal component analysis confirmed four CSS scales: disproportionate expectations, verbal aggression, ambiguous expectations, disliked customers. These CSS scales were associated with burnout and job satisfaction. Most of the effects were partially mediated by emotional dissonance. Further analyses revealed that differences among jobs exist with regard to the factor solution. However, associations between CSS and outcomes are mainly invariant across service jobs.
Histological Evaluation of Osteochondral Defects: Consideration of Animal Models with Emphasis on the Rabbit, Experimental Setup, Follow-Up and Applied Methods

Regardless of their etiology, cartilage defects of articular joints remain one of the unsolved problems in medicine. Therefore, numerous techniques to enhance cartilage repair are under clinical or experimental investigation. In any serious approach experimental investigation should precede human application. If the decision is made to implement an animal model, which one should be used? What is a good experimental animal for osteochondral defects? Can chondral defects be evaluated? What is the critical size of the defect? How long should the experiment last? Which histological techniques should be used? What are the pitfalls when evaluating osteochondral defects histologically? What is the best scoring system? All these questions will be addressed to provide concise information on this topic with particular attention being paid to the rabbit as an experimental animal. Biotechnological techniques of investigation are developing rapidly. Hence special emphasis is placed on principles and reliable morphological examination.
Role of Self -Efficacy and Sex on Work Centrality among Workers

This study investigated the role of self-efficacy and sex on work centrality among workers. The participants comprised of 348 workers (133 male and 215 female) with the mean age of 32.85, standard deviation of 7.62 and age range of 20 to 60 years. The study made use of two questionnaires; work ethic scale and self-efficacy scale . The study adopted a 2x2 factorial design and hence 2way ANOVA was used. Two Hypotheses were tested in this study. The first which state that workers who are high on self-efficacy will be significantly different from workers who are low on self-efficacy on their work centrality was accepted at F(1,344)=7.29;at P . 05. Hence findings were discussed and recommendations were made.
A study on Reseda lutea L. distributed naturally in West Anatolia in Turkey

Morphology and seed germination of Reseda lutea L. (Resedaceae), which is distributed naturally in Turkey, were investigated. Germination trial was observed at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C. In laboratory conditions at 25 °C, 87% of the seeds of R. lutea germinated, while in soil conditions, the best germination rate was only 23%, achieved with seeds sowed at 10 mm depth. The results of germination under different light conditions showed that the germination rate at 25 °C in continuous darkness was 87%, 76% with 6 hours of light, 67% with 12 hours of light, 52% with 18 hours of light and 42% with continuous light. Measurements of samples collected from different localities showed that the length of the plant is inversely proportional to the altitude.
Comparison of family burden, quality of life, and disability in obsessive compulsive disorder and schizophrenia in Zagazig University Hospitals

Background Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder and it is one of the 10 most disabling medical conditions worldwide. Patients with severe OCD may have comparable level of global functioning, family burden, quality of life (QoL), and disability as patients with schizophrenia. Patients and methods We selected 100 patients (50 with OCD, 50 with schizophrenia) from Zagazig University Hospitals, psychiatric outpatients′ clinics. Some of these patients were admitted and became inpatients whereas the rest continued to attend follow-up as outpatients to assess family burden, QoL, and disability. Results Deleterious effects of illness on families, patients′ QoL, and functioning occur not only in schizophrenic but also in OCD patients. Symptom severity and noncompliance on maintenance treatment are associated with greater disability and poor QoL. Conclusion Management should be planned with these considerations to enhance functioning and QoL and thus decrease disabilities.
Music for mood regulation: listening strategies, listening preferences, and individual differences

Despite the fact that music is a universal feature of culture that is omnipresent in daily life, we are only beginning to understand how people use music to manage their moods, and how this behaviour relates to mental health outcomes. The current research investigated two defining features of musical mood regulation, namely: listening strategies and stimuli preferences. Two studies were conducted using a sample of 428 participants aged 18 to 57 years (M = 24.34; SD = 8.15). Study 1 found that music listening was the most popular strategy for mood regulation. Listening strategies that resemble cognitive reframing and behavioural activation (i.e., adaptive strategies) were associated with positive mood outcomes, whereas ruminative listening was associated with poorer mood outcomes, difficulties with problem solving, and a personality diathesis for depression. The effect of ruminative listening on mood was exerted through people’s poorer mood regulation abilities. These variables had a strong effect on trait mood (f 2 = .40 for both PA and NA). Gender differences in listening strategies were not observed when controlling for baseline levels of utilisation (F (5, 415) = 1.15, p = . 34). Study 2 revealed that people prefer to listen to music that matches their negative moods, regardless of their personality or preferred listening strategies. Unlike other genres, preferences for Heavy-Metal and Rock music were positively correlated with every listening strategy, suggesting that they can facilitate adaptive or maladaptive musical mood regulation. The current findings address the need for empirical research into music that speaks directly to the mainstream practice of clinical psychology. The discussion provides a focused commentary on clinical implications and guidelines for assessment, formulation, and intervention.
Safety of intravenous thrombolytic use in four emergency departments without acute stroke teams.

OBJECTIVES The objective was to evaluate safety of intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) delivered without dedicated thrombolytic stroke teams. METHODS This was a retrospective, observational study of patients treated between 1996 and 2005 at four southeastern Michigan hospital emergency departments (EDs) with a prospectively defined comparison to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) tPA stroke study cohort. Main outcome measures were mortality, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), systemic hemorrhage, neurologic recovery, and guideline violations. RESULTS A total of 273 consecutive stroke patients were treated by 95 emergency physicians (EPs) using guidelines and local neurology resources. One-year mortality was 27.8%. Unadjusted Cox model relative risk (RR) of mortality compared to the NINDS tPA treatment and placebo groups was 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87 to 1.64) and 1.04 (95% CI = 0.76 to 1.41), respectively. The rate of significant ICH by computed tomography (CT) criteria was 6.6% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.56 to 1.90 compared to the NINDS tPA treatment group). The proportions of symptomatic ICH by two other prespecified sets of clinical criteria were 4.8 and 7.0%. The rate of any ICH within 36 hours of treatment was 9.9% (RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.58 to 1.51 compared to the NINDS tPA group). The occurrence of major systemic hemorrhage (requiring transfusion) was 1.1%. Functional recovery by the modified Rankin Scale score (mRS = 0 to 2) at discharge occurred in 38% of patients with a premorbid disability mRS < 2. Guideline deviations occurred in the ED in 26% of patients and in 25% of patients following admission. CONCLUSIONS In these EDs there was no evidence of increased risk with respect to mortality, ICH, systemic hemorrhage, or worsened functional outcome when tPA was administered without dedicated thrombolytic stroke teams. Additional effort is needed to improve guideline compliance.
Organizational Development and Change Management

In a recent arti cle in this jour nal, Worren, Ruddle, and Moore (1999) pro posed that a new pro fes sion called “change man age ment” had emerged from the recent prac tices of the world’s large con sult ing firms. They pro posed that change man age ment is an appro pri ate replace ment for orga ni za tional devel op ment (OD) because it incor po rates both busi ness and human needs. We were trou bled by sev eral asser tions made by these authors and offer the fol low ing cor rec tions. 1. Worren et al. failed to review and cite key lit er a ture and thus set up a straw man. For exam ple, the authors rely on French and Bell (1990) for their def i ni tion of OD and argue that its scope is lim ited to human rela tions vari ables. How ever, an exam i na tion of more con tem po rary lit er a ture, includ ing French and Bell (1999), would indi cate that the scope of OD has grown from its roots in human rela tions vari ables to focus on stra te gic issues as well. Mirvis (1988) has traced the evo lu tion of OD from the 1960s to the 1980s, from a field that was focused on groups and human rela tions to the adop tion of more holis tic and inte grated mod els of orga ni za tion. By using a def i ni tion based in the 1960s, Worren et al. have mis rep re sented the true scope and def i ni tion of OD today. Beer (1980) and Cummings and Worley (1997) offer more con tem po rary def i ni tions. 2. Worren et al. assert that the under ly ing the ory of OD is pri mar ily based on psy chol ogy and on indi vid ual and group func tion ing. We acknowl edge these roots. How -
McBride, Stephen and Heather Whiteside. 2011. Private Affluence, Public Austerity: Economic Crisis and Democratic Malaise in Canada

McBride, Stephen and Heather Whiteside. 2011. Private Affluence, Public Austerity: Economic Crisis and Democratic Malaise in Canada. Halifax: Fernwood Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55266-403-2. Paperback: 24.95 CAD. Pages: 153.
A case for multi-level main memory

Current trends suggest that the number of memory chips per processor chip will increase at least a factor of ten in seven years. This will make DRAM cost, the space and the power it consumes a serious problem. The main question raised in this research is how cost, size, and power consumption can be reduced by transforming traditional flat main-memory systems into a multi-level hierarchy. We make the case for a multi-level main memory hierarchy by proposing and evaluating the performance of an implementation that enables aggressive use of memory compression, sharing of memory resources among computers, and dynamic power management of unused regions of memory. This paper presents the key design strategies to make this happen. We evaluate our implementation using complete runs of applications from the Spec 2K suite, SpecJBB, and SAP --- typical desktop and server applications. We show that only 30% of the entire memory resources typically needed must be accessed at DRAM speed whereas the rest can be accessed at a speed that is a magnitude slower. The resulting performance overhead is shown to be only 1.2% on average.
Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Rep Protein Enhances the Generation of a Recombinant Mini-Adenovirus (Ad) Utilizing an Ad/AAV Hybrid Virus

ABSTRACT Mini-adenoviruses (mAd) deleted of all viral coding regions represent an emerging approach for transgene expression. We have exploited the unique features of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) terminal repeats within the context of an adenovirus–adeno-associated hybrid virus (Ad/AAV) as a strategy for rapid and efficient generation of mAd. Excision and generation of mAd from the parental Ad/AAV hybrid vector was achieved in 293 cells through recombination but without selection for mAd production. Analysis of mAd isolated from 293 cells indicated that mAd DNA exists as monomer and dimer forms within the recombinant viral capsid. Formation of recombinant mAd was significantly increased using an AAV Rep78- or Rep68-expressing cell line through Rep-mediated excision utilizing the AAV terminal repeat sequences present in the Ad/AAV hybrid virus genome. The mAd viruses were infectious and able to transfer functional gene to A549 and HeLa cells. This approach is rapid and efficient, thereby providing a simplified methodology for generating mAd with functional transducing capabilities.
The role of active metabolites in dihydrocodeine effects.

OBJECTIVE The metabolism of dihydrocodeine to dihydromorphine, a high affinity mu-opioid receptor ligand in membrane homogenates, is catalyzed by CYP2D6. However, it is not clear whether an active CYP2D6 enzyme is required for opioid receptor-mediated effects in man after standard dihydrocodeine doses. METHODS Whole cell opioid-receptor affinity and effects on cAMP accumulation of dihydrocodeine and its metabolites were determined in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. In a double-blind, 2-period, placebo-controlled randomized crossover pilot study the pharmacokinetics of dihydrocodeine (60 mg single dose) and its metabolites were examined in 5 phenotyped extensive (EMs) and 4 poor metabolizers (PMs) for CYP2D6, and pharmacodynamics were evaluated using a pain threshold model and dynamic pupillometry. RESULTS Displacement binding and cAMP accumulation experiments showed clearly higher affinities (100- and 50-fold) and activities (180- and 250-fold) of dihydromorphine and dihydromorphine-6-glucuronide, respectively, whereas the other metabolites had similar or lower affinities and activities as compared to dihydrocodeine. The clinical study revealed no significant difference in plasma or urine pharmacokinetics between EMs and PMs for dihydrocodeine and its glucuronide. Dihydromorphine and its glucuronides were detectable in EMs only. A clear reduction of initial pupil diameters was observed up to 6 hours postdose in both PMs and EMs, with no obvious differences between CYP2D6 phenotypes. In the pain threshold model no effects were observed in either group. CONCLUSION CYP2D6 phenotype has no major impact on opioid receptor-mediated effects of a single 60 mg dihydrocodeine dose, despite the essential role of CYP2D6 in formation of highly active metabolites.
Serum metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in lung carcinoma patients.

Background Assessment of serum extracellular matrix (ECM) metalloproteinase MMP-2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase TIMP-2 concentrations in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients considering TNM staging. Assessment of the prognostic value of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 concentrations in NSCLC patients. Methods The study group consisted of 81 NSCLC patients (24 females and 57 males) aged 46 to 86 years (mean age of 67±8.2 years). The control group comprised 39 randomly selected patients (20 females and 19 males) aged 27 to 73 years (mean age of 47±15.0 years) in whom primary lung cancer was excluded and who were operated on for a calculus of the gallbladder without cholecystitis. Blood serum MMP-2 and TIMP-2 concentrations were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based test. Results Statistically significantly higher mean MMP-2 and TIMP-2 concentrations were found in NSCLC patients compared to those in the control group (P<0.001). Statistically significant differences in MMP-2 and TIMP-2 concentrations between patients with T1 and T2 tumour and patients with T3 and T4 tumour, as well as between the group without metastases (N0) and the group with metastases to lymph nodes were demonstrated. Moreover, a significant fall in mean MMP-2 and TIMP-2 concentrations was observed in the postoperative compared to preoperative period (P<0.001). Conclusions Serum MMP-2 and TIMP-2 concentrations in NSCLC patients correlated with the tumour size and presence of metastases to lymph nodes and thus may serve as an auxiliary parameter indicating probability of a more advanced stage of lung cancer.