Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
miR-136 suppresses tumor invasion and metastasis by targeting RASAL2 in triple-negative breast cancer

MicroRNAs play an important role in the regulation of cancer migration, invasion and metastasis. Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a high incidence of early relapse and metastasis; however, the molecular basis for metastasis and recurrence in these individuals remains largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that miR-136 is an anti-invasive microRNA in TNBC and suppresses mesenchymal invasion and metastasis. Our results demonstrated that miR-136 was downregulated in TNBC and negative correlated with the WHO grades. However, RASAL2 was identified as a functional target of miR-136, and was overexpressed in TNBC and correlates with pathological grades. Moreover, overexpression of RASAL2 in a breast cancer cell line rescued miR-136-mediated cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, these results indicate that the miR-136/RASAL2/MET axis act as a suppressor of TNBC metastasis.
Epigenetic Transcriptional Regulation of the Growth Arrest-Specific gene 1 (Gas1) in Hepatic Cell Proliferation at Mononucleosomal Resolution

Background Gas1 (growth arrest-specific 1) gene is known to inhibit cell proliferation in a variety of models, but its possible implication in regulating quiescence in adult tissues has not been examined to date. The knowledge of how Gas1 is regulated in quiescence may contribute to understand the deregulation occurring in neoplastic diseases. Methodology/Principal Findings Gas1 expression has been studied in quiescent murine liver and during the naturally synchronized cell proliferation after partial hepatectomy. Chromatin immunoprecipitation at nucleosomal resolution (Nuc-ChIP) has been used to carry out the study preserving the in vivo conditions. Transcription has been assessed at real time by quantifying the presence of RNA polymerase II in coding regions (RNApol-ChIP). It has been found that Gas1 is expressed not only in quiescent liver but also at the cell cycle G1/S transition. The latter expression peak had not been previously reported. Two nucleosomes, flanking a nucleosome-free region, are positioned close to the transcription start site. Both nucleosomes slide in going from the active to the inactive state and vice versa. Nuc-ChIP analysis of the acquisition of histone epigenetic marks show distinctive features in both active states: H3K9ac and H3K4me2 are characteristic of transcription in G0 and H4R3me2 in G1/S transition. Sequential-ChIP analysis revealed that the “repressing” mark H3K9me2 colocalize with several “activating” marks at nucleosome N-1 when Gas1 is actively transcribed suggesting a greater plasticity of epigenetic marks than proposed until now. The recruitment of chromatin-remodeling or modifying complexes also displayed distinct characteristics in quiescence and the G1/S transition. Conclusions/Significance The finding that Gas1 is transcribed at the G1/S transition suggests that the gene may exert a novel function during cell proliferation. Transcription of this gene is modulated by specific “activating” and “repressing” epigenetic marks, and by chromatin remodeling and histone modifying complexes recruitment, at specific nucleosomes in Gas1 promoter.
Mackey Continuity of Characteristic Functionals

Abstract Problems of the Mackey-continuity of characteristic functionals and the localization of linear kernels of Radon probability measures in locally convex spaces are investigated. First the class of spaces is described, for which the continuity takes place. Then it is shown that in a non-complete sigmacompact inner product space, as well as in a non-complete sigma-compact metizable nuclear space, there may exist a Radon probability measure having a non-continuous characteristic functional in the Mackey topology and a linear kernel not contained in the initial space. Similar problems for moment forms and higher order kernels are also touched upon. Finally, a new proof of the result due to Chr. Borell is given, which asserts that any Gaussian Radon measure on an arbitrary Hausdorff locally convex space has the Mackey-continuous characteristic functional.
Uncovering the kiloparsec-scale stellar ring of NGC 5128 ,

We reveal the stellar light emerging from the kiloparsec-scale, ring-like structure of the NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) galaxy in unprecedented detail. We use arcsecond-scale resolution near infrared images to create a “dust-free” view of the central region of the galaxy, which we then use to quantify the shape of the revealed structure. At the resolution of the data, the structure contains several hundreds of discreet, point-like or slightly elongated sources. The typical extinction-corrected surface brightness of the structure is KS ≈ 16. 5m ag/arcsec 2 , and we estimate the total near infrared luminosity of the structure to be M ≈− 21 mag. We use diffraction limited (FWHM resolution of ≈0.1 �� , or 1.6 pc) near infrared data taken with the NACO instrument on the VLT to show that the structure decomposes into thousands of separate, mostly point-like sources. According to the tentative photometry, the most luminous sources have MK ≈− 12 mag, making them red supergiants or relatively low-mass star clusters. We also discuss the large-scale geometry implied by the reddening signatures of dust in our near infrared images.
Describing and Linking Cultural Semantic Content by Using Situations and Actions

Ontologies have been used to describe cultural objects, such as artifacts, by their physical or media specific properties, or by the life cycle of the objects in collections. In contrast, this paper discusses the problem of creating ontological descriptions that allow describing different kinds of cultural content through the situations and actions that take place in the real world. This point of view is important when semantic metadata is used as a basis for creating intelligent, educational, and entertaining linking of content on the semantic web. The idea is addressed not only in theory but by presenting the first prototype implementation of a cross-domain semantic portal “CultureSampo—Finnish Culture on the Semantic Web”. This system is able to automatically link together different kind of cultural resources in meaningful ways with explanations. The content types considered include paintings, artifacts, photographs, videos, cultural processes, and stories .
Relating the Knowledge Production Function to Total Factor Productivity: An Endogenous Growth Puzzle

The knowledge production function is central to RD the second captures a long-run positive relationship between TFP and the knowledge stock. The results indicate the presence of strong intertemporal knowledge spillovers and that the long-run impact of the knowledge stock on TFP is small. This evidence is interpreted in light of existing theoretical and empirical evidence on endogenous growth.
Language and Interpersonal Resource Predictors of Psychological and Sociocultural Adaptation: International Students in Hong Kong

Hong Kong, along with other Asian societies with universities with top world rankings, has in recent years attracted an increasing number of international students, mainly from Asia. Previous research in English-speaking Western countries has indicated the importance of resources, including language proficiency, positive intergroup relations, and social support, in understanding international students’ stress and coping in cross-cultural adaptation. Guided by a similar acculturative stress and coping framework, we investigated predictors of psychological and sociocultural adaptation in a survey sample of 726 international students (62% female and 73% Asian-born) from Hong Kong public universities. We found that English language proficiency, social support, and a low level of perceived discrimination fostered both types of cross-cultural adaptation, while contact with local students and proficiency in the local dialect further enhanced sociocultural adaptation. Implications for future acculturation research and higher education internationalization policies and practices are discussed.
Index-based multidimensional array queries: safety and equivalence

We propose a new multidimensional array query model giving array bounds and other shape-related metadata a central role. Arrays are treated as shaped maps from indices to values. Schemas are augmented by shape constraints. Queries also have shape preconditions. Within this framework, we introduce the index-based array queries expressing index reorganizations and value summarizations. We define them via adeclarative, rule-based language with shape-membership constraints inits rule bodies and subscripting and aggregation in its rule heads. We explore safety (including bounds analysis) and query equivalence for various subclasses divided according to the aggregator type, whether we allow disjunctions, and whether we allow (limited) Presburger arithmetic in index and shape terms. We show safety istractable in the nonarithmetic cases, while state safety remains in P in the arithmetic ones. We show that, for a class of monoid-based setand bag aggregators, equivalence reduces to equivalence of index-cores- core queries collecting array indices rather than values. Forset-aggregator queries, we give complete characterizations of equivalence in terms of containment maps and show the equivalenceproblems are in P in the nonarithmetic, conjunctive case and in coNP in all others.
Bachelor thesis: Creativity, intelligence, and executive functions: Explaining the creativity-intelligence relationship through the involvement of executive functions

We examined whether executive functions were involved in creativity and intelligence and thereby could explain the creativity-intelligence relationship through directing the access, management, and retrieval of ideas. Twenty-four university students from the Netherlands were assessed on the Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices, the Remote Associates Test, a modified version of the Alternate Uses Task, the Stroop Task, the n-back Task, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and the Category Fluency Task. A correlational design was applied to the variables fluid intelligence, convergent thinking, divergent thinking speed and creativity, processing speed, inhibition, shifting, and associative fluency. Based on the results of the Pearson Correlation analysis, three different standard regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between shifting and fluid intelligence, fluid intelligence and divergent thinking speed, and the relationship between processing speed and divergent thinking speed. Results showed that associative fluency was not correlated with divergent or convergent thinking. Furthermore were the executive functions not commonly involved in creativity or intelligence. However, processing speed and fluid intelligence were able to respectively explain a significant amount of variance in the divergent thinking speed. It was concluded that neither the numbers of associations nor the executive functions were beneficial to creativity or the creativity-intelligence relationship. The hypothesized model of the creativity-intelligence relationship emerging through the involvement of executive functions was, therefore, rejected. Our findings suggest that basic capacities of cognitively processing information also influence creativity and thereby represent a more basic foundation which is inherent to higher-order processes such as creative thinking or intelligence.
The Klebanov-Strassler model with massive dynamical flavors

We present a fully backreacted D3-D7 supergravity solution dual to the Klebanov-Strassler cascading gauge theory coupled to a large number of massive dynamical flavors in the Veneziano limit. The mass of the flavors can be larger or smaller than the dynamically generated scale. The solution is always regular at the origin of the radial coordinate and as such it can be suitably employed to explore the rich IR physics of the dual gauge theory. In this paper we focus on the static quark-antiquark potential, the screening of chromoelectric charges induced by the dynamical flavors, the flux tube breaking and the mass spectrum of the first mesonic excitations. Moreover, we discuss the occurrence of quantum phase transitions in the connected part of the static quark-antiquark potential. Depending on the ratio of certain parameters, like the flavor mass, with respect to some critical values, we find a discontinuous (first order) or smooth transition from a Coulomb-like to a linear phase. We evaluate the related critical exponents finding that they take classical mean-field values and argue that this is a universal feature of analogous first order transitions occurring in the static potential for planar gauge theories having a dual supergravity description.
Machine Translation Evaluation using Recurrent Neural Networks

This paper presents our metric (UoWLSTM) submitted in the WMT-15 metrics task. Many state-of-the-art Machine Translation (MT) evaluation metrics are complex, involve extensive external resources (e.g. for paraphrasing) and require tuning to achieve the best results. We use a metric based on dense vector spaces and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks, which are types of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). For WMT15 our new metric is the best performing metric overall according to Spearman and Pearson (Pre-TrueSkill) and second best according to Pearson (TrueSkill) system level correlation.
Intrinsic nanoscale phase separation of bulk As2S3 glass

Raman scattering on bulk As x S1− x glasses shows that vibrational modes of As4S4 monomer first appear near x = 0.38, and their concentration increases precipitously with increasing x, suggesting that the stoichiometric glass (x = 0.40) is intrinsically phase separated into small As-rich (As4S4) and large S-rich clusters. Support for the Raman-active vibrational modes of the orpiment-like and realgar-like nanophases is provided by ab-initio density functional theory calculations on appropriate clusters. Nanoscale phase separation provides a basis for understanding the global maximum in the glass transition temperature T g near x = 0.40, and the departure from Arrhenius temperature activation of As2S3 melt viscosities.
Capturing the Degree of Modularity Embedded in Product Architectures

This article focuses on integrating various perspectives on product architecture modularity into a general framework and proposes a way to measure the degree of modularization embedded in product architectures. The article addresses trade-offs between modular and integral product architectures and how components and interfaces influence the degree of modularization. The article identifies the following key elements of product architecture modularity: components (standard and newto-the-firm), interfaces (standardization and specification), degree of coupling, and substitutability. A mathematical model, termed the modularization function, is applied to measure the key elements and their combined effect on the degree of modularization embedded in product architectures. The application of the modularization function is illustrated by two distinct sets of product architectures: Chrysler Jeep’s windshield wipers controllers and Schindler’s hydraulic and traction-pull transmission elevators. The analysis of the Chrysler case shows that the silent-relay architecture produces more opportunities for modularization than the solid-state architecture due to the higher substitutability factor and lower newto-the-firm component composition. The Schindler case captures the dynamics of modularity created by three types of components (standard, customizable, and new to the firm) and two types of interfaces (fundamental and optional). Based on the case studies, the article outlines testable propositions and discusses the managerial and theoretical implications for the modularization function.
Cooperative Quickest Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radios with Unknown Parameters

In this paper, cooperative quickest spectrum sensing for cognitive radios is studied. Various cooperative schemes are considered based on the cumulative sum (CUSUM) algorithm, for different memory and communication constraint scenarios. The optimal CUSUM statistics are derived for each of these cooperative sensing schemes in the noisy channel scenario. In practice, due to unknown parameters in the distribution of the observations, the CUSUM-based approaches are not directly applicable to cognitive radios. Therefore, we propose to apply a linear test, which does not require any prior knowledge or estimates of the unknown parameters, for quickest spectrum sensing of cognitive radios. We derive linear-based CUSUM statistics for different cooperative sensing scenarios. The proposed approach results in fast and simple algorithms for cooperative quickest detection with unknown parameters, while maintaining a performance close to that of the perfectly known parameter schemes.
Face Detection: A Survey

In this paper we present a comprehensive and critical survey of face detection algorithms. Face detection is a necessary first-step in face recognition systems, with the purpose of localizing and extracting the face region from the background. It also has several applications in areas such as content-based image retrieval, video coding, video conferencing, crowd surveillance, and intelligent human? computer interfaces. However, it was not until recently that the face detection problem received considerable attention among researchers. The human face is a dynamic object and has a high degree of variability in its apperance, which makes face detection a difficult problem in computer vision. A wide variety of techniques have been proposed, ranging from simple edge-based algorithms to composite high-level approaches utilizing advanced pattern recognition methods. The algorithms presented in this paper are classified as either feature-based or image-based and are discussed in terms of their technical approach and performance. Due to the lack of standardized tests, we do not provide a comprehensive comparative evaluation, but in cases where results are reported on common datasets, comparisons are presented. We also give a presentation of some proposed applications and possible application areas.
Major depressive disorder with melancholia displays robust alterations in resting state heart rate and its variability: implications for future morbidity and mortality

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with increased heart rate and reductions in its variability (heart rate variability, HRV) – markers of future morbidity and mortality – yet prior studies have reported contradictory effects. We hypothesized that increases in heart rate and reductions in HRV would be more robust in melancholia relative to controls, than in patients with non-melancholia. Methods: A total of 72 patients with a primary diagnosis of MDD (age M: 36.26, SE: 1.34; 42 females) and 94 controls (age M: 35.69, SE: 1.16; 52 females) were included in this study. Heart rate and measures of its variability (HRV) were calculated from two 2-min electrocardiogram recordings during resting state. Propensity score matching controlled imbalance on potential confounds between patients with melancholia (n = 40) and non-melancholia (n = 32) including age, gender, disorder severity, and comorbid anxiety disorders. Results: MDD patients with melancholia displayed significantly increased heart rate and lower resting-state HRV (including the square root of the mean squared differences between successive N–N intervals, the absolute power of high frequency and standard deviation of the Poincaré plot perpendicular to the line of identity measures of HRV) relative to controls, findings associated with a moderate effect size (Cohens d’s = 0.56–0.58). Patients with melancholia also displayed an increased heart rate relative to those with non-melancholia (Cohen’s d = 0.20). Conclusion: MDD patients with melancholia – but not non-melancholia – display robust increases in heart rate and decreases in HRV. These findings may underpin a variety of behavioral impairments in patients with melancholia including somatic symptoms, cognitive impairment, reduced responsiveness to the environment, and over the longer-term, morbidity and mortality.
Differences in interleukin-6 gene expression between cultured human corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes.

PURPOSE To determine whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) can be synthesized by human corneal keratocytes and epithelial cells. METHODS Epithelial cells and keratocytes isolated from the same donor corneas were grown in vitro. After 2 to 3 passages, the cultures were exposed to varying concentrations of recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1 alpha) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha). Culture supernatants subsequently underwent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for cytokine content. The levels of cytokine mRNA in cell lysates were monitored by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Cultured human keratocytes stimulated with 100 U/ml IL-1 alpha for 18 hours produced more than 160 ng IL-6 per 10(6) cells. Under the same conditions 500 U/ml TNF-alpha induced approximately 5 ng IL-6. IL-6 mRNA, evident by 3 hours after exposure to either cytokine, accumulated and persisted through 18 hours. Exposure of epithelial cells to IL-1 alpha or TNF-alpha induced minimal and transient expression of IL-6 mRNA and < 0.5 ng protein product per 10(6) cells. The poor production of IL-6 did not reflect an inability of epithelial cells to respond to IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha because both cytokines induced these cells to make copious amounts of IL-8. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that both IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha could induce keratocytes to produce nanogram levels of IL-6 but IL-1 alpha was a 30-fold more effective inducer. In contrast, neither cytokine could stimulate epithelial cells to make more than picogram quantities of IL-6. The abundant IL-6 synthesized by keratocytes may promote various activities including specific immune responses in surrounding lymphoid tissues.
Teaching a Weaker Classifier: Named Entity Recognition on Upper Case Text

This paper describes how a machine-learning named entity recognizer (NER) on upper case text can be improved by using a mixed case NER and some unlabeled text. The mixed case NER can be used to tag some unlabeled mixed case text, which are then used as additional training material for the upper case NER. We show that this approach reduces the performance gap between the mixed case NER and the upper case NER substantially, by 39% for MUC-6 and 22% for MUC-7 named entity test data. Our method is thus useful in improving the accuracy of NERs on upper case text, such as transcribed text from automatic speech recognizers where case information is missing.
Oxygen transport is not compromised at high temperature in pythons

To evaluate whether the ‘oxygen and capacity limited thermal tolerance’ model (OCLTT) applies to an air-breathing ectothermic vertebrate, we measured oxygen uptake (), cardiac performance and arterial blood gases during a progressive rise of temperature from 30 to 40°C in the snake Python regius. of fasting snakes increased exponentially with temperature whereas of digesting snakes at high temperatures plateaued at a level 3- to 4-fold above fasting. The high and sustained aerobic metabolism over the entire temperature range was supported by pronounced tachycardia at all temperatures, and both fasting and digesting snakes maintained a normal acid–base balance without any indication of anaerobic metabolism. All snakes also maintained high arterial PO2, even at temperatures close to the upper lethal temperature. Thus, there is no evidence of a reduced capacity for oxygen transport at high temperatures in either fasting or digesting snakes, suggesting that the upper thermal tolerance of this species is limited by other factors.