Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitudinal and Normative Variables as Predictors of Cheating Behavior

The purpose of this study was to examine possible predictors of cheating behavior in different cultures. Samples of American and Israeli teachers-intraining (total N = 200) filled out questionnaires that related attitude, normative beliefs, and reports of past, present, and future behaviors with regard to specific cheating behaviors. The results suggest that whereas in American society either attitudes, normative beliefs, or both together could be used as predictors, in Israeli society normative beliefs are far superior as predictors of reported behaviors. Furthermore, the Israeli sample reported behaving in accordance with family norms for the most part, whereas the American sample reports behavior highly correlated with friends', classmates', and society's norms, but not with family norms. Possible alternative interpretations are discussed, and it is argued that with regard to the specific behaviors studied, the system that encourages their existence should be questioned.
Accuracy and Bias in Person Perception

Knowledge Openness (generic score) -0.45 0.98 0.55 0.58 372 Openness (partner specific score) -0.96 0.99 0.49 0.69 369 Extraversion (generic score) -0.66 0.99 0.70 0.81 376 Extraversion (partner specific score) -0.92 0.99 0.59 0.82 367 Neuroticism (generic score) -0.97 0.97 0.37 0.66 350 Neuroticism (partner specific score) -0.96 0.99 0.31 0.80 350 Conscientiousness (generic score) -0.96 0.99 0.60 0.87 367 Conscientiousness (partner specific score) -0.99 0.99 0.48 0.87 353 Agreeableness (generic score) -0.77 0.97 0.20 0.62 197 Agreeableness (partner specific score) -0.77 0.98 0.16 0.68 160 Concrete Knowledge Food Preferences 3.00 12.00 8.93 1.92 392 Relationship Relevant Knowledge Forgiveness (generic score) 0.95 0.99 0.52 0.80 363 Forgiveness (partner-specific score) -1.97 0.99 0.37 1.11 294 Valence of Knowledge Positive Behaviour 3.00 8.00 6.68 1.15 392 Negative Behaviour 1.00 7.00 5.09 1.29 392 Relationship Well-being Dyadic Adjustment (Time 1) 41.00 133.00 110.99 11.26 396 Dyadic Adjustment (Time 2) 27.00 135.00 111.14 10.42 390 Intimacy (Time 1) 2.33 5.00 4.58 0.47 396 Intimacy (Time 2) 3.00 5.00 4.51 0.49 389 Trust (Time 1) 2.08 5.00 4.22 0.46 394 Trust (Time 2) 2.58 5.00 4.20 0.44 390
Abuso sexual infanto juvenil: Una lectura cuantitiva y cualitativa de las variables que influyen en esta problemática

The increase in mental health consultation for sexual abuse in children and adolescents is a reality publicly known. Objective: characterize socially, demographically and by family structure the attention that deals with sexual abuse in the year 2004. Materials and method: the descriptive analysis was performed according to the clinical record of the Mental Health Service from the Hospital de Ninos. Results: 56 children and adolescents were assisted for sexual abuse. Diagnose was confirmed in 54%. 62% were women and 38% men. 63% of the children had between 3 and 5 years. From the registers received, 98% were sexual abuses and 2% rape. In 62% of children the aggressor was a relative. There was an increase of 20% compared with the previous year. Differences in the distribution according to ages were also observed, finding an increase of 100% in children between 3 and 5 years (p<0.01) Conclusions: sexual abuse in children and adolescents is a public health problem that is growing bigger, showing that the age group the most vulnerable is that of the youngest children, therefore the importance of applying prevention and detection measures.
A QoS-Aware Power Optimization Scheme in OFDMA Systems with Integrated Device-to-Device (D2D) Communications

This paper proposes a power optimization scheme with joint resource allocation (i.e. subcarrier and bit allocation) and mode selection in an OFDMA system with integrated D2D communications. Through the proper control of the base station (BS), users can communicate with each other either directly or via the BSs as in traditional cellular networks. Particularly, an optimization problem is formulated to minimize total downlink transmission power constrained by users' QoS demands; while a heuristic scheme exploiting joint subcarrier allocation, adaptive modulation and mode selection is contrived to solve the problem. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme may not only conserve total downlink transmission power effectively, but also save overall power consumption of BSs significantly, compared with existing algorithms used in traditional OFDMA systems.
Wastewater Effluent Impacts Ammonia-Oxidizing Prokaryotes of the Grand River, Canada

ABSTRACT The Grand River (Ontario, Canada) is impacted by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that release ammonia (NH3 and NH4 +) into the river. In-river microbial communities help transform this ammonia into more oxidized compounds (e.g., NO3 − or N2), although the spatial distribution and relative abundance of freshwater autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes (AOP) are not well characterized. This study investigated freshwater N cycling within the Grand River, focusing on sediment and water columns, both inside and outside a WWTP effluent plume. The diversity, relative abundance, and nitrification activity of AOP were investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and reverse transcriptase qPCR (RT-qPCR), targeting both 16S rRNA and functional genes, together with activity assays. The analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene fingerprints showed that the WWTP effluent strongly affected autochthonous bacterial patterns in the water column but not those associated with sediment nucleic acids. Molecular and activity data demonstrated that ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) were numerically and metabolically dominant in samples taken from outside the WWTP plume, whereas ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) dominated numerically within the WWTP effluent plume. Potential nitrification rate measurements supported the dominance of AOB activity in downstream sediment. Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria were detected primarily in sediment nucleic acids. In-river AOA patterns were completely distinct from effluent AOA patterns. This study demonstrates the importance of combined molecular and activity-based studies for disentangling molecular signatures of wastewater effluent from autochthonous prokaryotic communities.
What Makes for a Critical Press? A Case Study of French and U.S. Immigration News Coverage

This article measures and explains criticism in U.S. and French national newspapers during the 1990s and 2000s. Criticism is operationalized in terms of discrete critical statements directed at governmental, political party, business, civil society, and foreign/ international organizations or officials; such critical statements, which take various forms—administrative, character, truth, ideology, policy, and strategy—offer a more comprehensive measure of criticism on a day-to-day basis than the occasional in-depth investigative report.While state intervention is often argued to have a censoring effect, this study finds that the more “statist” French press presents a greater density of criticisms than the U.S. press. French newspapers that receive the highest direct subsidies are not less critical of the government or dominant party than other French (or U.S.) newspapers. French newspapers exhibit a slightly higher degree of political parallelism, but in both countries newspapers tend to aim the greatest amount of criticism toward the party in power, whether Left or Right. Relatively higher French criticism is also facilitated by a distinctive French journalistic cultural form, the “debate ensemble,” that, in contrast to U.S. “dramatic narrative,” organizes the news as a clash of critical opposing viewpoints.
QUENCHING OF FLAMES BY FLUID

We consider a simple scalar reaction-advection-diiusion equation with ignition-type nonlinearity and discuss the following question: What kinds of velocity prooles are capable of quenching any given ame, provided the velocity's amplitude is adequately large? Even for shear ows, the answer turns out to be surprisingly subtle. If the velocity proole changes in space so that it is nowhere identically constant, (or if it is identically constant only in a region of small measure) then the ow can quench any initial data. But if the velocity proole is identically constant in a sizable region, then the ensuing ow is incapable of quenching large enough ames, no matter how much larger is the amplitude of this velocity. The constancy region must be wider across than a couple of laminar propagating front-widths. The proof uses a linear PDE associated to the nonlinear problem and quenching follows when the PDE is hypoelliptic. The techniques used allow the derivation of new, nearly optimal bounds on the speed of traveling wave solutions. 1. Introduction We consider a mixture of reactants interacting in a region that may have a rather complicated spatial structure but is thin across. A mathematical model that describes a chemical
Neuromagnetic Index of Hemispheric Asymmetry Prognosticating the Outcome of Sudden Hearing Loss

The longitudinal relationship between central plastic changes and clinical presentations of peripheral hearing impairment remains unknown. Previously, we reported a unique plastic pattern of “healthy-side dominance” in acute unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). This study aimed to explore whether such hemispheric asymmetry bears any prognostic relevance to ISSNHL along the disease course. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), inter-hemispheric differences in peak dipole amplitude and latency of N100m to monaural tones were evaluated in 21 controls and 21 ISSNHL patients at two stages: initial and fixed stage (1 month later). Dynamics/Prognostication of hemispheric asymmetry were assessed by the interplay between hearing level/hearing gain and ipsilateral/contralateral ratio (I/C) of N100m latency and amplitude. Healthy-side dominance of N100m amplitude was observed in ISSNHL initially. The pattern changed with disease process. There is a strong correlation between the hearing level at the fixed stage and initial I/Camplitude on affected-ear stimulation in ISSNHL. The optimal cut-off value with the best prognostication effect for the hearing improvement at the fixed stage was an initial I/Clatency on affected-ear stimulation of 1.34 (between subgroups of complete and partial recovery) and an initial I/Clatency on healthy-ear stimulation of 0.76 (between subgroups of partial and no recovery), respectively. This study suggested that a dynamic process of central auditory plasticity can be induced by peripheral lesions. The hemispheric asymmetry at the initial stage bears an excellent prognostic potential for the treatment outcomes and hearing level at the fixed stage in ISSNHL. Our study demonstrated that such brain signature of central auditory plasticity in terms of both N100m latency and amplitude at defined time can serve as a prognostication predictor for ISSNHL. Further studies are needed to explore the long-term temporal scenario of auditory hemispheric asymmetry and to get better psychoacoustic correlates of pathological hemispheric asymmetry in ISSNHL.
Assessing executive functions: A life‐span perspective

Despite many disagreements on the utility of neuropsychological applications in schools, executive function measures have been found to be useful across a variety of areas and ages. In addition, many disagreements are extant in discussions of the maturational course of the development of executive functioning abilities that are dependent on functional capacity of the human brain, including the frontal lobes, among other brain areas. In part, these controversies are related to a dearth of standardized functional assessments of executive functioning abilities across wide age spans. This article describes several recent measures of executive functioning and uses life-span data from these assessments to project maturational periods of specific executive functions. Clinical implications of these results for school psychology assessment, rehabilitation of brain-injured school-aged children, and forensic practice of school psychology are posited. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A qualitative exploration of choking in elite golf.

This study explores the antecedents, mechanisms, influencing variables, and consequences of choking in sport and identifies interventions that may alleviate choking. Through the use of qualitative methods, the experiences of six elite golfers who choked frequently under pressure were examined and compared with five elite golfers who excelled frequently under pressure. The perspectives of four coaches who had worked extensively with elite golfers who had choked and excelled, were also considered. The study indicated that the participants choked as a result of distraction, which was caused by various stressors. Self-confidence, preparation, and perfectionism were identified as key influencing variables of the participants’ choking episodes, and the consequence of choking was a significant drop in performance that affected negatively future performances. Process goals, cognitive restructuring, imagery, simulated training, and a pre/postshot routine were perceived as interventions that may possibly prevent ch.
The impact of test ownership and team structure on the reliability and effectiveness of quality test runs

Context: Software testing is a crucial step in most software development processes. Testing software is a key component to manage and assess the risk of shipping quality products to customers. But testing is also an expensive process and changes to the system need to be tested thoroughly which may take time. Thus, the quality of a software product depends on the quality of its underlying testing process and on the effectiveness and reliability of individual test cases. Goal: In this paper, we investigate the impact of the organizational structure of test owners on the reliability and effectiveness of the corresponding test cases. Prior empirical research on organizational structure has focused only on developer activity. We expand the scope of empirical knowledge by assessing the impact of organizational structure on testing activities. Method: We performed an empirical study on the Windows build verification test suites (BVT) and relate effectiveness and reliability measures of each test run to the complexity and size of the organizational sub-structure that enclose all owners of test cases executed. Results: Our results show, that organizational structure impacts both test effectiveness and test execution reliability. We are also able to predict effectiveness and reliability with fairly high precision and recall values. Conclusion: We suggest to review test suites with respect to their organizational composition. As indicated by the results of this study, this would increase the effectiveness and reliability, development speed and developer satisfaction.
Chronic Periaortitis as a Systemic Autoimmune Disease

Chronic periaortitis is an idiopathic disease whose hallmark is the presence of a fibro-inflammatory tissue arising from the adventitia of the abdominal aorta and the common iliac arteries and extending into the surrounding retroperitoneum and frequently encasing neighboring structures such as the ureters and the inferior vena cava (Mitchinson, 1984; Parums, 1990). It should be regarded as a generalized disease with three different pathophysiological entities, specifically idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms, and perianeurysmal retroperitoneal fibrosis (Vaglio et al., 2003; Jois et al., 2004). Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis is characterized by periaortic fibroinflammatory tissue, which often causes obstruction of the ureters and other adjacent abdominal structures by extending into the retroperitoneum (Mitchinson, 1970; Gilkeson & Allen, 1996). A dilated aorta is usually not present in idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Its initial signs and symptoms are often nonspecific, such as malaise, anorexia, weight loss, fever, and flank, back, or abdominal pain. Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms characteristically develop the mass around a dilated aorta, but usually do not cause obstructions (Crawford et al., 1985; Pennell et al., 1985). It usually presents with typical symptoms and signs characterized by the triad of abdominal or back pain, a pulsatile and sometimes tender abdominal mass, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Perianeurysmal retroperitoneal fibrosis, which represents a link between these two diagnoses, involves an abdominal aortic aneurysms surrounded by fibroinflammatory tissue that encases other abdominal organs (Serra et al, 1980). These definitions may be a little confusing, and it would probably be more appropriate to distinguish aneurysmal from nonaneurysmal forms of chronic periaortitis; idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis may be referred as non-aneurysmal chronic periaortitis, where as inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms and perianeurysmal retroperitoneal fibrosis as aneurysmal chronic periaortitis (Vaglio et al., 2006). It is important to diagnose chronic periaortitis early in its course in order to attempt to prevent the severe secondary complication of renal failure due to ureteric obstruction and the potentially fatal consequence of aortic rupture (Jois et al., 2004). Although most studies have considered these entities separately, these conditions have common clinical and histopathologic findings, and thus probably represent different manifestations of the same disease.
Determinants of Stated Son Preference in India: Are Men and Women Different?

Abstract New sex-selective abortion technologies allow parents-to-be to implement their preference for sons more easily than in the past. With an unmet demand for sons in India, a better understanding of what leads respondents to prefer sons is important from a policy perspective. Stated son preference has seldom been studied in the past. Using data from NFHS3, I conclude that never-married women's preference for sons is strongly influenced by the financial worth of children, whereas never-married men's preference for sons is mainly influenced by non-financial reasons, including their perception of women, their religion and their caste.
Understanding early childhood leadership

In this qualitative study, multidimensional characteristics of the emerging leadership behavior of six young children were examined within their early childhood classrooms (infant, toddler, and preschool). Grounded in a constructivist framework, the data were gathered through teacher interviews and classroom observations in a University-affiliated center over a six-week period. Findings yielded two major themes which best described the characteristics of these young leaders: dynamic and charismatic personalities; and a sense of ownership of and a high awareness in the classroom. By examining the ways leadership manifested itself in the classroom, findings also suggested that leadership could be seen as a relational rather than an individual construct. Young leaders seem to exert their social power to develop relationships with peers and teachers and at the same time to include and exclude certain peers or teachers during the interaction. Findings are discussed with reference to implications for practice and suggestions for further study.
Beyond a Two-Goal Theory of Motivation and Achievement: A Case for Social Goals

Research on academic achievement motivation has increasingly focused on students’ goals. Most of that research has focused on two particular types of achievement goals: task goals and ability goals. In this review, we propose that a more thorough understanding of motivation and achievement in schools can be developed if we examine social goals—defined as perceived social purposes for academic achievement—in addition to task and ability goals. We review research on achievement goal theory, social goals, social motives, and social influences on students’ school-related attitudes and behaviors to develop hypotheses about the antecedents and consequences of social goals. In addition, we discuss ways in which the learning environment may influence students’ social goal orientations. We conclude with a discussion of seven areas for future research on the nature and function of social goals.
“I feel free”: Experiences of a dance intervention for adolescent girls with internalizing problems

Adolescent girls today suffer from internalizing problems such as somatic symptoms and mental health problems at higher rates compared to those of previous decades, and effective interventions are warranted. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of participating in an 8-month dance intervention. This qualitative study was embedded in a randomized controlled trial of a dance intervention for adolescent girls with internalizing problems. A total of 112 girls aged 13–18 were included in the study. The dance intervention group comprised 59 girls, 24 of whom were strategically chosen to be interviewed. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The experiences of the dance intervention resulted in five generic categories: (1) An Oasis from Stress, which represents the fundamental basis of the intervention; (2) Supportive Togetherness, the setting; (3) Enjoyment and Empowerment, the immediate effect; (4) Finding Acceptance and Trust in Own Ability, the outcome; and (5) Dance as Emotional Expression, the use of the intervention. One main category emerged, Finding Embodied Self-Trust That Opens New Doors, which emphasizes the increased trust in the self and the ability to approach life with a sense of freedom and openness. The central understanding of the adolescent girls’ experiences was that the dance intervention enriched and gave access to personal resources. With the non-judgmental atmosphere and supportive togetherness as a safe platform, the enjoyment and empowerment in dancing gave rise to acceptance, trust in ability, and emotional expression. Taken together, this increased self-trust and they discovered a new ability to “claim space. ” Findings from this study may provide practical information on designing future interventions for adolescent girls with internalizing problems.
A measure of cultural competence as an ethical responsibility: Quick‐Racial and Ethical Sensitivity Test

This article presents the psychometric qualifications of a new video‐based measure of school professionals' ethical sensitivity toward issues of racial intolerance in schools. The new scale, titled the Quick‐Racial and Ethical Sensitivity Test (Quick‐REST) is based on the ethical principles commonly shared by school‐based professional organisations and James Rest's model of moral decision making. The validation of the measure is established through two separate studies: one conducted with 238 school professionals, including teachers, administrators, psychologists, coaches and others who work in diverse schools; and the other conducted with 57 student teachers. The results, with regard to the internal reliability of the items and convergent and overall construct validity, showed that the Quick‐REST is a psychometrically sound measure of school professionals' ability to recognise violations of ethical principles as depicted in two five‐minute videotapes illustrating instances of racial intolerance in schools. There was no evidence of bias due to social desirability. Areas of use for the Quick‐REST in teacher education and ways to improve the scale are discussed.
Radiation From a Vertical Electric Dipole in the Presence of a Three-Layered Region

We study in detail both the lateral wave and trapped surface wave generated by a vertical electric dipole over the air-dielectric boundary on a wide range medium such as sea and lake water and wet and dry earth. Graphs of the far-field pattern are shown and compared with the available results. Especially, when both the dipole point and the observation point are on the surface of dielectric-coated earth, the trapped surface wave is dominant.