Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic disparities and difficulties to access to healthcare services among Canadian children with neurodevelopmental disorders and disabilities

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to identify the associations of levels of severity of neurodevelopmental disorders and disabilities (NDD/D) in children with their household socioeconomic status (SES) and their frequency of visits to a healthcare provider, and to examine how the severity of disability varied with these determinants among NDD/D subgroups, in order to inform possible social policy changes and to improve access to the healthcare system. METHODS Data from the 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey on children aged 5-14 years, collected by Statistics Canada, were analyzed (n=7,072 and weighted n=340,340). Children with NDD/D constituted those with impairments in motor, speech, neurosensory, and psychological functioning, as well as those who had issues with learning/cognition and social interactions. The weighted sample size for this group was n=111,630 (total sample size for children with limitations: n=174,810). We used logistic regression to assess the associations of household SES and frequency of visits to a healthcare provider with disability level. We included NDD/D subgroups as interaction terms in the model. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was conducted to develop a profile of disability level. RESULTS After-tax low income, family assistance, out-of-pocket expenses, needing but not receiving health services from a social worker, condition of the dwelling, and residential location were associated with the severity of NDD/D. Using MCA, 2 disability profiles could be identified based on access to healthcare, household income status, and condition of the dwelling. CONCLUSIONS More social interventions are needed to reduce difficulties in accessing healthcare and to diminish the socially determined health inequalities faced by children with NDD/D.
Markets, Religion, Community Size, and the Evolution of Fairness and Punishment

A Fair Society Many of the social interactions of everyday life, especially those involving economic exchange, take place between individuals who are unrelated to each other and often do not know each other. Countless laboratory experiments have documented the propensity of subjects to behave fairly in these interactions and to punish those participants deemed to have behaved unfairly. Henrich et al. (p. 1480, see the Perspective by Hoff) measured fairness in thousands of individuals from 15 contemporary, small-scale societies to gain an understanding of the evolution of trustworthy exchange among human societies. Fairness was quantitated using three economic games. Various societal parameters, such as the extent to which food was purchased versus produced, were also collected. Institutions, as represented by markets, community size, and adherence to a world religion all predict a greater exercise of fairness in social exchange. The origins of modern social norms and behaviors may be found in the evolution of institutions. Large-scale societies in which strangers regularly engage in mutually beneficial transactions are puzzling. The evolutionary mechanisms associated with kinship and reciprocity, which underpin much of primate sociality, do not readily extend to large unrelated groups. Theory suggests that the evolution of such societies may have required norms and institutions that sustain fairness in ephemeral exchanges. If that is true, then engagement in larger-scale institutions, such as markets and world religions, should be associated with greater fairness, and larger communities should punish unfairness more. Using three behavioral experiments administered across 15 diverse populations, we show that market integration (measured as the percentage of purchased calories) positively covaries with fairness while community size positively covaries with punishment. Participation in a world religion is associated with fairness, although not across all measures. These results suggest that modern prosociality is not solely the product of an innate psychology, but also reflects norms and institutions that have emerged over the course of human history.
Early Identification of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Using Novel Biomarkers by Proteomic Screening

Kai Förster, Steffen Sass, Harald Ehrhardt, Daphne S. Mous, Robbert J. Rottier, Prajakta Oak, Andreas Schulze, Andreas W. Flemmer, Judith Gronbach Christoph Hübener, Tushar Desai, Oliver Eickelberg, Fabian J. Theis, Anne Hilgendorff § These authors equally contributed to the study Dept. of Neonatology, Perinatal Center Grosshadern, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center – Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL) Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Perinatal Center Grosshadern, LudwigMaximilians University, Munich, Germany Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Germany Center for Comprehensive Developmental Care, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists. Page 1 of 11 AJRCCM Articles in Press. Published on 20-October-2017 as 10.1164/rccm.201706-1218LE
Humoral Immune Responses to a Single Allele PfAMA1 Vaccine in Healthy Malaria-Naı̈ve Adults

Plasmodium falciparum: apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) is a candidate malaria vaccine antigen expressed on merozoites and sporozoites. The polymorphic nature of AMA1 may compromise vaccine induced protection. The humoral response induced by two dosages (10 and 50 mg) of a single allele AMA1 antigen (FVO) formulated with Alhydrogel, Montanide ISA 720 or AS02 was investigated in 47 malaria-naı̈ve adult volunteers. Volunteers were vaccinated 3 times at 4 weekly intervals and serum samples obtained four weeks after the third immunization were analysed for (i) Antibody responses to various allelic variants, (ii) Domain specificity, (iii) Avidity, (iv) IgG subclass levels, by ELISA and (v) functionality of antibody responses by Growth Inhibition Assay (GIA). About half of the antibodies induced by vaccination cross reacted with heterologous AMA1 alleles. The choice of adjuvant determined the magnitude of the antibody response, but had only a marginal influence on specificity, avidity, domain recognition or subclass responses. The highest antibody responses were observed for AMA1 formulated with AS02. The Growth Inhibition Assay activity of the antibodies was proportional to the amount of antigen specific IgG and the functional capacity of the antibodies was similar for heterologous AMA1-expressing laboratory strains. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00730782 Citation: Remarque EJ, Roestenberg M, Younis S, Walraven V, van der Werff N, et al. (2012) Humoral Immune Responses to a Single Allele PfAMA1 Vaccine in Healthy Malaria-Naı̈ve Adults. PLoS ONE 7(6): e38898. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0038898 Editor: James G. Beeson, Burnet Institute, Australia Received January 16, 2012; Accepted May 14, 2012; Published June 29, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Remarque et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was funded by a grant from the European Malaria Vaccine Initiative. Collaborators from the European Malaria Vaccine Initiative have been involved in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish and preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: Four of the authors (EJR, AWT, BWF and CHMK) are in the process of obtaining a patent for three synthetic Diversity-Covering (DiCo) PfAMA1 proteins. The authors wish to thank GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart, Belgium, for supplying AS02 and SEPPIC, Paris, France, for supplying Montanide ISA 720. This does not alter their adherence to all the PLoS policies on sharing data and materials. * E-mail: Remarque@bprc.nl
Transcriptome Analysis of Two Rice Varieties Contrasting for Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Chronic N Starvation Reveals Differences in Chloroplast and Starch Metabolism-Related Genes

The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crop plants is limited and enhancing it in rice, a major cereal crop, would be beneficial for farmers and the environment alike. Here we report the genome-wide transcriptome analysis of two rice genotypes, IR 64 (IR64) and Nagina 22 (N22) under optimal (N+) and chronic starvation (N−) of nitrogen (N) from 15-day-old root and shoot tissues. The two genotypes were found to be contrasting in their response to N−; IR64 root architecture and root dry weight remained almost equivalent to that under N+ conditions, while N22 showed high foraging ability but a substantial reduction in biomass under N−. Similarly, the photosynthetic pigments showed a drastic reduction in N22 under low N, while IR64 was more resilient. Nitrate reductase showed significantly low specific activity under N− in both genotypes. Glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and citrate synthase CS activity were highly reduced in N22 but not in IR64. Transcriptome analysis of these genotypes revealed nearly double the number of genes to be differentially expressed (DEGs) in roots (1016) compared to shoots (571). The response of the two genotypes to N starvation was distinctly different reflecting their morphological/biochemical response with just two and eight common DEGs in the root and shoot tissues. There were a total of 385 nitrogen-responsive DEGs (106 in shoots and 279 in roots) between the two genotypes. Fifty-two of the 89 DEGs identified as specific to N22 root tissues were also found to be differentially expressed between the two genotypes under N−. Most of these DEGs belonged to starch and chloroplast metabolism, followed by membrane and signaling proteins. Physical mapping of DEGs revealed 95 DEGs in roots and 76 in shoots to be present in quantitative trait loci (QTL) known for NUE.
A Scalarized Augmented Lagrangian Algorithm (SCAL) for Multi-objective Optimization Constrained Problems

In this paper, a methodology to solve constrained multi-objective problems is presented, using an Augmented Lagrangian technique to deal with the constraints and the Augmented Weighted Tchebycheff method to tackle the multi-objective problem and find the Pareto Frontier. We present the algorithm, as well as some preliminary results that seem very promising when compared to previous state-of-theart work. As far as we know, the idea of incorporating an Augmented Lagrangian in multi-objective optimization is rarely used so, the obtained results are very encouraging to pursuit further in this line of investigation, namely with the tuning of the Augmented Lagrangian parameters as well as testing other algorithms to solve the subproblems or to handle the multi-objective problems. It is also our intention to investigate the resolution of problems with three or more objectives.
TRIM 28 repression of retrotransposon-based enhancers is necessary to preserve transcriptional dynamics in embryonic stem cells

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Examining Youth Dual and Polytobacco Use with E-Cigarettes

E-cigarettes and other non-cigarette tobacco products are increasingly popular among youth. Little is known to inform public health efforts to reduce youth use. We examined psychosocial correlates of single and multiple tobacco product use among youth e-cigarette users. Data were from the 2014 Florida Youth Tobacco Survey (N = 69,923), a representative sample of Florida middle and high school students. Associations between combinations of e-cigarette, cigarette and other tobacco product (OTP) use and psychosocial variables were examined using multinomial logistic regression with an analytic sample of N = 2756. Most e-cigarette-using youth used at least one other product (81%). Perceiving cigarettes as easy to quit was significantly associated with greater likelihood of combined e-cigarette/OTP use (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 2.51, p < 0.001) and combined e-cigarette/cigarette/OTP use (RRR = 3.20, p < 0.0001). Thinking you will be smoking cigarettes in 5 years was associated with product combinations that include cigarettes. Tobacco company marketing receptivity was associated with multiple product user types. Given that specific psychosocial factors put youth at risk for concurrent use of e-cigarettes with tobacco products, public health efforts should address polytobacco use specifically, instead of individual product use. Youth perceptions about the ease of quitting cigarettes, intentions to continue smoking cigarettes and receptivity to tobacco company marketing are promising areas for messaging aimed at reducing e-cigarette polytobacco product use.
A New Approach to the Study of Textile Properties with Liquid Chromatography

A novel rolled stationary phase using whole fabric has been developed for liquid chromatography. This paper describes the column and its properties and use in characterizing pore volumes of the whole fabric. The logistic model gives a good fit of the measured void volume data obtained by size exclusion chromatography. With the help of this function, both pore size and surface area distribution of cotton and ramie fabrics can be obtained. The relationship between pore shape and surface area is discussed. Cotton has 100 to 200% more void volume and surface area than ramie (for all sizes of pores). Increasing the temperature from 30 to 60°C does not significantly influence either the total void volume or surface area of cotton and ramie. The void volume and surface area of cotton as determined by this rolled fabric column method are comparable to previously reported data.
Birthdate and success in minor hockey: The key to the NHL

Previous research (Barnsley, Thompson, & Barnsley, 198S) demonstrated an extremely strong linear relationship between the month of birth (from January to December) and the likelihood of playing in the National Hockey League and two major developmental Junior hockey leagues. The present study analyzes the birthdates of 7313 hockey players participating in the Edmonton Minor Hockey Association in the 1983-1984 season. The main findings are that players possessing a relative age advantage, i.e., born in the months of January to June, are more likely to participate in minor hockey and are more likely to play for "top tier," or "rep" teams than are players who are born in the months of July to December and thereby are disadvantaged by their relative age. Proposals by which these relative age effects could be reduced are considered. Barnsley, Thompson, and Barnsley (1985) reported on the month of birth of hockey players from the National Hockey League (NHL) and two of Canada's main' 'Junior A'' professional development leagues, the Western Hockey League (WHL) and the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). That study demonstrated an extremely strong linear relationship between the month of birth (from January to December) and the proportion of players in the leagues studied. The extent of this phenomenon can best be understood when it is realized that approximately four times more players in the WHL and the OHL were born in the first quarter of the year (January, February, and March) than were born in the last quarter (October, November,
Narcissism: A factor behind the selective sharing of news online

The current study examined the extent to which narcissism influences the social network users’ intention to share positive and negative life events with (close or unknown) online contacts. Using an online survey, small vignettes and a cross-sectional convenience sample of 119 participants, the results showed that narcissism positively predicted sharing intention of positive and negative life events with strangers. However, individuals rating higher in narcissism were less likely to share negative news with family. The research findings suggest that personality traits such as narcissism, the type of contacts online, and the nature of the news may shape what information is shared by online users. The type of news presented may therefore be a function of who is posting the content, their personality, and the kind of social network contacts they have online.
Embryonic Fibroblasts Promote Antitumor Cytotoxic Effects of CD8+ T Cells

Adoptive CD8+ T cell therapy has emerged as an important modality for the treatment of cancers. However, the significant drawback of transfused T cells is their poor survival and functionality in response to tumors. To overcome this limitation, an important consideration is exploring a culture condition to generate superior antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for adoptive therapy. Here, we provide a novel approach to generate potent CTL clones in mouse embryonic fibroblast-conditioned medium (MEF-CM). We found CTLs derived with MEF-CM have higher potential in long-term persistence in tumor bearing and non-tumor-bearing mice. Importantly, adoptive transfer of MEF-CM-cultured CTLs dramatically regressed tumor growth and prolonged mice survival. Characterization of MEF-CM-cultured CTLs (effector molecules, phenotypes, and transcription factors) suggests that MEF-CM enhances the effector functions of CD8+ T cells in part by the upregulation of the T-box transcription factor eomesodermin. Consequently, MEF-CM enhances the intrinsic qualities of effector CD8+ T cells to augment antitumor immunity.
Detecting pharyngeal post-swallow residue by ultrasound examination: a case series.

AIMS Prevention of aspiration pneumonia is a great concern in the era of global aging. The assessment of pharyngeal post-swallow residue is important because remaining food and liquid in the pharyngeal area has a possibility of flowing into the lower airway which can cause aspiration pneumonia. Ultrasound examination has been recently used to assess swallowing disorders because of its noninvasiveness. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance for detecting pharyngeal post-swallow residue using an ultrasound examination by comparing with those using a fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of a swallowing study as a reference. MATERIAL AND METHODS A linear array transducer attached to the thyroid cartilage to visualize the vocal folds in the sagittal plane. The pharyngeal post-swallow residue in the ultrasound movie was interpreted as a misty hyperechoic area above the vocal folds that remained after swallowing. Nineteen ultrasound images simultaneously obtained with fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing study images from nine participants (eight men) with a median age of 70 years at a dysphagia outpatient clinic were analyzed by the montage of swallowing examinations. RESULTS Misty hyperechoic areas above the vocal folds that remained after swallowing were detected in 10 ultrasound images. Eight US images out of ten correctly detected pharyngeal post-swallow residue. The sensitivity for detecting pharyngeal post-swallow residue of 19 images from nine participants by US examination was 62%, and the specificity was 67%. CONCLUSIONS The proposed detection method of pharyngeal post-swallow residue by ultrasound examination enabled the real-time assessment for swallowing of people with dysphagia. Ultrasound assessment-based daily swallowing care which detects pharyngeal residue will be useful for preventing aspiration pneumonia.
Fas Ligand localizes to intraluminal vesicles within NK cell cytolytic granules and is enriched at the immune synapse

T cell and NK cell cytotoxicity can be mediated via the perforin/granzyme system and Fas Ligand (FasL, CD178). FasL is synthesized as a type II transmembrane protein that binds its cognate receptor Fas (CD95). Membrane‐bound FasL is expressed on the plasma membrane of activated lymphocytes and is the main form of FasL with cytotoxic activity, but whether FasL is delivered to the immune synapse along with granzyme and perforin‐containing granules is unclear.
Labor Market Discrimination and Racial Differences in Premarket Factors*

This paper investigates the relative significance of differences in cognitive skills and discrimination in explaining racial/ethnic wage gaps. We show that cognitive test scores for exams taken prior to entering the labor market are influenced by schooling. Adjusting the scores for racial/ethnic differences in education at the time the test is taken reduces their role in accounting for the wage gaps. We also consider evidence on parental and child expectations about education and on stereotype threat effects. We find both factors to be implausible alternative explanations for the gaps we observe. We argue that policies need to address the sources of early skill gaps and to seek to influence the more malleable behavioral abilities in addition to their cognitive counterparts. Such policies are far more likely to be effective in promoting racial and ethnic equality for most groups than are additional civil rights and affirmative action policies targeted at the workplace.
Friction and Wear of Coupling Agent Treated Glass Fiber Modified Polyimide Composites

The glass fibers(GF) were treated by different silane coupling agents,the effects of content and size of GF on mechanical properties and tribology properties of TPI composites were investigated.The worn surfaces were analyzed by SEM.The results indicate that mechanical properties and tribology properties of TPI composites filled with treated GF are higher than those with untreated GF,and the KH550 is most favorable.The wear rate of TPI composites increased with the higher GF content,and the friction coefficient is slightly higher than pure TPI.The wear rate and friction coefficient of TPI composites reduced with the GF size decreased.SEM photograph of fracture surface revealed that there is best interface bonding between KH550 treated GF and TPI matrix.The wear mechanism of the TPI composites is characterized by remarkable adhesion and abrasive wear.