Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PACMan: Coordinated Memory Caching for Parallel Jobs

Data-intensive analytics on large clusters is important for modern Internet services. As machines in these clusters have large memories, in-memory caching of inputs is an effective way to speed up these analytics jobs. The key challenge, however, is that these jobs run multiple tasks in parallel and a job is sped up only when inputs of all such parallel tasks are cached. Indeed, a single task whose input is not cached can slow down the entire job. To meet this "all-or-nothing" property, we have built PACMan, a caching service that coordinates access to the distributed caches. This coordination is essential to improve job completion times and cluster efficiency. To this end, we have implemented two cache replacement policies on top of PACMan's coordinated infrastructure fb-LIFE that minimizes average completion time by evicting large incomplete inputs, and LFU-F that maximizes cluster efficiency by evicting less frequently accessed inputs. Evaluations on production workloads from Facebook and Microsoft Bing show that PACMan reduces average completion time of jobs by 53% and 51% (small interactive jobs improve by 77%), and improves efficiency of the cluster by 47% and 54%, respectively.
The debate concerning the mean-velocity pro le of a turbulent boundary layer

There has been considerable controversy during the past few years concerning the validity of the classical log law which describes the overlap region of the mean-velocity pro le in the canonical turbulent boundary layer. Alternative power laws have been proposed by George, Chorin and Barenblatt, to name a few. Advocates of either law typically have used selected data sets to foster their claims. In the present research, we analyze the experimental and DNS data sets from six independent groups. For the range of momentum-thickness Reynolds numbers of 500{27,320, we determine the bestt values for the `constants' appearing in either law. Our strategy involves calculating the fractional di erence between the measured/computed mean velocity and that calculated using either of the two respective laws. We bracket this fractional di erence in the region 0:5%, so that an accurate, objective measure of the boundary and extent of either law is determined. It is found that while the extent of the power-law region in outer variables is nearly constant over a wide range of Reynolds numbers, the log-region extent increases monotonically with Re. The log law and the power law do not cover the same portion of the velocity pro le. A very small zone directly above the bu er layer is not represented by the power law. On the other hand, the inner region of the wake zone is covered by it. In the region were both laws show comparable fractional di erences, the mean and variance were calculated. From both measures, we conclude that the examined data do not indicate any statistically signi cant preference toward either law.
Sex-Specific Associations of Body Mass Index with Mood Disturbance during Smoking Abstinence

Objective: Previous reports have suggested an inverse relationship between body mass index (BMI) and negative mood in women. However, little is known about the potential association of these variables under stressful conditions, such as those experienced during smoking cessation. The current investigation examined the relationship of BMI and various indices of mood in a sample of male and female cigarette smokers undergoing cessation. Methods: Along with baseline assessments of variables such as depression and anxiety, total mood disturbance and perceived stress were assessed via self-report during both baseline (e.g. the smoking period) and the early phases of smoking cessation. Results: Among female participants, higher BMI was associated with lower levels of mood disturbance, perceived stress and depression. Similar analyses in male participants were non-significant. Conclusions: The results of the current study confirm previous reports regarding the relationship of BMI and mood in women and extend these findings to the early stages of smoking cessation.
What's the story? An exploration of narrative language abilities in male juvenile offenders

Abstract This paper is concerned with the narrative language (story telling) abilities of a group of juvenile offenders completing community-based court orders in Melbourne, Australia. A convenience sample of 30 male young offenders was compared with 50 male non-offenders attending government high schools in the same region of Melbourne. Participants provided an audiotaped description of a six-frame cartoon (the “Flowerpot Incident”). Samples were transcribed and subjected to story grammar analysis, to examine differences between groups regarding both structural and qualitative adequacy. Young offenders produced narratives which were significantly poorer than those of controls with respect to the presence and adequacy of the seven story grammar elements described by Stein and Glenn (In R. O. Freedle (Ed.), New Directions in Discourse Processing (pp. 53–120) 1979). Findings are discussed in relation to implications for investigative and evidentiary interviewing.
Relative Performance Information in Tournaments with Different Prize Structures

We investigate whether the effect of relative performance information on tournament performance depends on the tournament’s prize structure. We focus on the effect of relative performance information on two tournament prize structures: a two-tier structure in which only the top performer receives a reward and all other contestants receive an equal payoff that is lower (reward tournament) and a three-tier prize structure in which the top performer receives a reward, the bottom performer receives a penalty equal to the amount of that reward, and all remaining contestants receive an equal intermediate payoff (reward and punish tournament). Drawing on both economic and psychology theory, we predict and find that, compared with when relative performance information is not present, relative performance information has a negative effect on performance in a reward tournament but a positive effect on performance in a reward and punish tournament. Supplementary analysis reveals that bottom and middle performers drive these differences in performance, which are due to both differences in effort and in adoption of overly risky strategies. Our results show that relative performance information can have a differential effect on performance depending on the tournament’s prize structure. This insight can aid in the design of firm information systems and tournament incentive schemes.
Task interdependence and extrarole behavior : a test of the mediating effects of felt responsibility

Author(s): Pearce, JL; Gregersen, HB | Abstract: A model hypothesizing that task interdependence affects supervisor-reported extrarole behavior indirectly through employee felt responsibility was tested in this study. The model was supported by path analysis in a sample of 290 health-care and administrative employees in two hospitals. The results (a) demonstrate the importance of asymmetric felt responsibility to extrarole behavior and (b) show the need to include mediating psychological states when testing the effects of workplace structures on extrarole behaviors. New scales for measured employee-perceived task interdependence are introduced.
Surface roughness induced electron mobility degradation in InAs nanowires

In this work, we present a study of the surface roughness dependent electron mobility in InAs nanowires grown by the nickel-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition method. These nanowires have good crystallinity, well-controlled surface morphology without any surface coating or tapering and an excellent peak field-effect mobility up to 15 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 when configured into back-gated field-effect nanowire transistors. Detailed electrical characterizations reveal that the electron mobility degrades monotonically with increasing surface roughness and diameter scaling, while low-temperature measurements further decouple the effects of surface/interface traps and phonon scattering, highlighting the dominant impact of surface roughness scattering on the electron mobility for miniaturized and surface disordered nanowires. All these factors suggest that careful consideration of nanowire geometries and surface condition is required for designing devices with optimal performance.
Hall conductivity as a topological invariant

The object of the present work is to study the quantum Hall effect through its symmetries and topological aspects. We consider the model of an electron moving in a two‐dimensional lattice in the presence of applied in‐plain electric field and perpendicular magnetic field. We refer to this as the two dimensional electric–magnetic Bloch problem (EMB). The Hall conductivity quantization beyond the linear response approximation is analyzed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An SSVEP BCI to Control a Hand Orthosis for Persons With Tetraplegia

Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems allow people to send messages or commands without moving, and hence can provide an alternative communication and control channel for people with limited motor function. In this study, we demonstrate a BCI system for orthosis control. Our BCI was asynchronous, meaning that subjects could move the orthosis whenever they wanted, instead of pacing themselves to external cues. Seven subjects each performed two tasks with a BCI that relied on steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). Although none of the subjects had any training, six subjects showed good control with a positive predictive value (PPV) higher than 60%. The overall PPV for all subjects reached 78% ±10%. However, the false positive rate was high, and some subjects dislike the flickering lights required in SSVEP BCIs. In follow-up work, we hope to reduce both the false positive rate and the annoyance produced by flickering lights by hybridizing this BCI with a “brain switch,” which could allow people to turn the SSVEP system on or off using a second type of brain activity when they do not wish to control the orthosis. We also hope to validate this approach with people with tetraplegia.
Level of Social Perspective Taking and the Development of Empathy in Children: Speculations from a Social-Cognitive Viewpoint.

Abstract: A cognitive‐developmental approach to the phenomenon of empathy attempts to describe the age related (but not age specific) development of empathic understanding as a function of the development of basic social‐cognitive processes and concepts. Recent research indicates that there are developmental levels in the process by which the child comes to know how his own view of self and other relates to the view of other (social perspective‐taking) and related levels in conceptions of persons. Drawing upon our own research as well as the theory of J. M. Baldwin, G. H. Mead, and L. Kohlberg, we describe these developing processes and concepts and hypothesize as to the relation of social perspective‐taking to each level of developing forms of empathic understanding.
Do Terrorist Attacks Increase Closer to Elections?

The shadow of violence that elections cast remains poorly understood. A key obstacle impeding cross-national empirical analysis of electoral violence has been the varied nature of such violence. To address this challenge, I examine terrorist attacks as one particular form of electoral violence. By tracking the incidence of terrorist violence relative to election dates over time and across countries using an original dataset for the period from 2000–2005, I find strong support for the hypothesis that terrorist violence increases as we move closer to an election date. In fact, terrorist violence approximates a normal distribution centered on the election date.
A comparative study of smooth path planning for a mobile robot by evolutionary multi-objective optimization

This paper studies the evolutionary planning strategies for mobile robots to move smoothly along efficient collision-free paths in known static environments. The cost of each candidate path is composed of the path length and a weighted sum of penetration depth to vertices of polygonal obstacles. The path is composed of a pre-specified number of cubic spiral segments with constrained curvature. Comparison of the path planning performance between two Pareto-optimal schemes, the parallel genetic algorithm scheme based on the island method (PGA) and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), are conducted in terms of success rate in separate runs and path length whenever collision-free paths are found. Numerical simulation results are presented for three types of obstacles: polygons, walls, and combinations of both.
Room Temperature Optically Pumped 2.56- $\mu{\rm m}$ Lasers With “W” Type InGaAs/GaAsSb Quantum Wells on InP Substrates

The optically pumped laser using InGaAs/GaAsSb W-type quantum wells is demonstrated with a threshold power density ~ 40 kW/cm2. The L-L curve and the dramatic line width shrinkage above threshold confirm, for the first time, mid-infrared lasing in this structure on InP substrates. The lasing wavelength at 2.56 μm is the longest lasing wavelength at room temperature for the interband transition of InP-based material system.
‘Inspired and assisted’, or ‘berated and destroyed’? Research leadership, management and performativity in troubled times

Research leadership in Australian universities takes place against a backdrop of policy reforms concerned with measurement and comparison of institutional research performance. In particular, the Excellence in Research in Australian initiative undertaken by the Australian Research Council sets out to evaluate research quality in Australian universities, using a combination of expert review process, and assessment of performance against ‘quality indicators’. Benchmarking exercises of this sort continue to shape institutional policy and practice, with inevitable effects on the ways in which research leadership, mentoring and practice are played out within university faculties and departments. In an exploratory study that interviewed 32 Australian academics in universities in four Australian states, we asked participants, occupying formal or informal research leadership roles, to comment on their perceptions of research leadership as envisioned and enacted in their particular workplaces. We found a pervasive concern amongst participants that coalesced around binaries characterized in metaphoric terms of ‘carrots and whips’. Research leadership was seen by many as managerial in nature, and as such, largely tethered to instrumentalist notions of productivity and performativity, while research cultures were seen as languishing under the demoralizing weight of reward and punishment systems. Here, we consider what is at stake for the future of the academic workforce under such conditions, arguing that new models of visionary research leadership are urgently needed in the ‘troubled times’ of techno-bureaucratic university reforms.
'I know I'm doing a good job': Canonical and autobiographical narratives of teenage mothers

Teenage pregnancy is typically presented as a problem to be solved, if not as an epidemic in need of urgent intervention. This paper reports on Australian research that examined the phenomenon of teenage motherhood from the perspective of the young women themselves. The theoretical frame of narrative was adopted in order to understand both the way in which the young mothers were making sense of their own lives, and the way in which they interpreted the canonical narrative of teenage motherhood. Interviews with 20 young mothers demonstrated both their awareness of the canonical narrative, in which they are judged and condemned, and their contrasting autobiographical narratives, in which they are represented as good mothers who are capable of learning the skills of motherhood. Although the women refused to emphasise the disadvantages of teenage motherhood, they acknowledged difficulties. Throughout their autobiographical accounts, a 'consoling plot' was evident. Young women may be supported in their endeavour to emplot their lives to their own benefit by family narratives of teenage motherhood.
Social meanings in Christmas consumption: an exploratory study of UK celebrants' consumption rituals

Although much has been written about the celebration of Christmas from a variety of perspectives, limited attention has been paid in the consumer behaviour literature to understanding the behaviours of consumers surrounding this event. Apart from insights gained from prior work on consumption rituals and meanings of festivities, our knowledge of meaning creation through Christmas consumption is partial, and written mainly from a North American perspective. Since consumer behaviour is shaped by cultural and social contexts, understanding the relationship between consumption objects and the social meanings that consumers ascribe to them is a research imperative. This paper explores the ways in which the British Christmas is consumed as a shared consumption experience, by bringing together two different approaches taken by consumer researchers and sociologists to analysing social consumption patterns. These are drawn from structuralist and post-structuralist thinking. The findings of an exploratory qualitative study are used to demonstrate how an enhanced understanding of consumption meanings associated with this particular cultural context can lead to new insights into how consumers create social meanings through special, as well as ordinary, behaviours. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Math Wars 2: It's the Teaching, Stupid!

P ICTURE THE scene if you will. Sitting ahead of me in economy class is a mother with her young child. I am two rows back and cannot see them, but the conversation tells all. The game is counting, what I am not sure. Clearly pointing to something, Mother says, “One, two, three, four, five. Now you do it. ” A little voice replies, “One, four, three, nine, two. ” “No, no. It’s one, two, three, four, five. Try again. ” “One, two, five, four, six,” is the response. “Come on now, you’re not trying. Let’s do this. One, two, three. Now you. ” “One, two, three. ” “Good girl, now, one, two, three, four. ” “Four, two, five, one. ” Mother is getting quite exasperated, at least judging by the tone of her voice, and the youngster is far MATH EDUCATION: TEACHING FOR UNDERSTANDING
Helping Students Manage Stress: New Directions for Student Services, No. 21, March 1983.

Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1984, Vol 29(1), 75. Reviews the book, Helping Students Manage Stress: New Directions for Student Services, No. 21, March 1983 edited by Elizabeth M. Altmaier, Ursula Delworth, and Gary R. Hanson (1983). This book is designed to help the student service personnel worker become acquainted with a wide variety of special findings and techniques. The editor's introduction indicates that the purpose of this volume is to overview critically theory and research on stress to permit their extrapolation to programming designed to reduce stress on the campus. One underlying assumption is that campus life itself contains many elements generating chronic stress among students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
A Training Program to Improve Neuromuscular and Performance Indices in Female High School Basketball Players

Noyes, FR, Barber-Westin, SD, Smith, ST, Campbell, T, and Garrison, TT. A training program to improve neuromuscular and performance indices in female high school basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 26(3): 709–719, 2012—The purpose of this study was to determine if a sports-specific training program could improve neuromuscular and performance indices in female high school basketball players. We combined components from a published anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention program for jump and strength training with other exercises and drills to improve speed, agility, overall strength, and aerobic conditioning. We hypothesized that this sports-specific training program would lead to significant improvements in neuromuscular and performance indices in high school female basketball players. Fifty-seven female athletes aged 14–17 years participated in the supervised 6-week program, 3 d·wk−1 for approximately 90–120 minutes per session. The program was conducted on the basketball court and in weight room facilities in high schools. The athletes underwent a video drop-jump test, multistage fitness test, vertical jump test, and an 18-m sprint test before and upon completion of the training program. All the subjects attended at least 14 training sessions. After training, a significant increase was found in the mean estimated &OV0312;O2max (p < 0.001), with 89% of the athletes improving this score. In the drop-jump video test, significant increases were found in the mean absolute knee separation distance (p < 0.0001) and in the mean normalized knee separation distance (p < 0.0001), indicating a more neutral lower limb alignment on landing. A significant improvement was found in the vertical jump test (p < 0.0001); however, the effect size was small (0.09). No improvement was noted in the sprint test. This program significantly improved lower limb alignment on a drop-jump test and estimated maximal aerobic power and may be implemented preseason or off-season in high school female basketball players.
Development of Three Dimensional Automatic Body Fat Measurement Software from CT, and Its Validation and Evaluation

Abdominal obesity describes the accumulation of excessive fat in the abdomen. It is known that depending on its distribution, visceral obesity presents a greater danger to health than subcutaneous obesity. To properly prevent and treat visceral obesity, accurate evaluation methods are necessary, and hence quantitative VAT estimation is extremely important. CT scans are the most accurate method for estimating VAT, but it requires a great deal of time and effort, limiting its use in studying or evaluating obesity in patients. This paper proposed automatic measurement software that could quickly differentiate between and measure VAT and SAT. The method was verified using a total of 100 abdominal CT data values; this paper measured the SAT and VAT in the entire abdomen using the automatic measurement software. Additionally, through a comparative evaluation between the automated measurements and manual measurements such as BMI and waist circumference, clinical reliability and viability were validated and evaluated. Between automated measurements and manual measurements, the TAT (r = 0.995, p = 0.01), SAT (r = 0.987, p = 0.01) and VAT (r = 0.993, p = 0.01) showed high correlation. Using BMI as the main metric, the TAT for automated measurements (r = 0.674, p = 0.01) and the TAT for manual measurements (r = 0.703, p = 0.01) showed the strongest correlation. When using waist circumference, the VAT for automated measurements (r = 0.826, p = 0.01) and the VAT for manual measurements (r = 0.822, p = 0.01) showed the strongest correlation. With these results, the reliability and viability of the automatic measurement software were confirmed. The software is expected to help greatly in reducing the time and in providing objective data of VAT measurements from CT scans for clinical research.