Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Auditory Hallucinations and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Within Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse

There is a high prevalence of traumatic events within individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and of auditory hallucinations within individuals diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the relationship among the symptoms associated with these disorders remains poorly understood. We conducted a multidimensional assessment of auditory hallucinations within a sample diagnosed with schizophrenia and substance abuse, both with and without comorbid PTSD. The results suggest a rate of comorbid PTSD similar to those reported in other studies. Patients who have comorbid PTSD reported more distressing auditory hallucinations. However, the hallucinations were not more frequent or of longer duration. The need for a multidimensional assessment is supported. The results are discussed within current theoretical accounts of traumatic psychosis.
The influence of job stress factors toward job performance among Royal Malaysian Police at Kuala Lumpur

Job Stress can affect individuals and lead to job performance. This study was conducted to assess the influence of job stress factors on the job performance among Royal Malaysia Police at Kuala Lumpur. In this cross sectional study all 112 police members at KLPCH. Job stress and job performance was measured using standard questionnaires provided by researcher adopted from previous studies. The data obtained were analyzed by using the software of Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 19 was used to estimate the effect of job stress factors on the job satisfaction. In this study the result explained that 14.3% of variance that describes the DV (job performance of police members) was accounted to the IVs (job stress) where the F value = 5.991 and significant value is 0.001 (p<0.05). The dimension of role conflict is significant and describes that β = 0.342, the significant value is 0.043 which is less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) but role ambiguity demonstrates that β = 0.057, the significant value is 0.719 and job control describes that β = 0.133, the significant value is 0.243 which is more than 0.05. A Pearson correlation analysis shows that role ambiguity, role conflict and job control with job performance of police members have a positive correlation in which r = 0.294, 0.353, and 0.303, 0.475, and p = 0.000; p<0.05. The weak of the relationship between these two variables also was weak for role ambiguity, role conflict and job control. This study showed that job performance is influenced by role conflict and not influence by role ambiguity and job control of job stress. Therefore, for improvement of job performance in workers, different parameters of these three dimensions of job stress should be considered
FEATURE ARTICLE Orientation and Color Columns in Monkey Visual Cortex

The literature on orientation and color columns in monkey visual cortex is reviewed. The orientation column model most consistent with existing data is one containing ‘stripes’ of alternating positive and negative orientation ‘singularities’ (cytochrome oxidase blobs) which run along the centers of ocular dominance (OD) columns, with horizontal and vertical orientations alternating at interblob centers. Evidence is summarized suggesting that color is mapped continuously across the monkey’s primary visual cortex, with the ends of the spectrum located at ‘red’ and ‘blue’ cytochrome oxidase blobs and extra-spectral purple located between adjacent red and blue blobs in the same OD column. In the orientation column model, the ‘linear zones’ of Obermayer and Blasdel have the appearance of the lines on a pumpkin. A pinwheel model of color columns, consistent with existing data, includes spectral and extra-spectral colors as spokes. Spectral iso-color lines run across iso-orientation lines in linear zones, while extra-spectral iso-color lines occupy the ‘saddle points’ of Obermayer and Blasdel. The color column model accounts for closure of the perceptual color circle, as proposed by Isaac Newton in 1704, but does not account for color opponency.
Interpersonal Effects in Computer-Mediated Interaction

This study examined the effects of time restriction on social interaction in computer-mediated communication through a meta-analysis of applicable research. Time was defined as whether subjects were restricted or unrestricted in their opportunity to exchange messages. Studies were included that assessed either of two outcome variables: socially oriented (as opposed to task-oriented) communication, and negative / uninhibited communication. Hypotheses were derived from Walther's social information processing perspective. Meta-analytic tests supported the hypotheses on social communication. Although no effects were found on negative / uninhibited communication, a reexamination of original studies suggests caution regarding previous findings.
Secret key agreement under discussion rate constraints

For the multiterminal secret key agreement problem, new single-letter lower bounds are obtained on the minimum public discussion rate required to achieve any given secret key rate below the secrecy capacity. The results apply to the general source model without helpers or wiretapper's side information, but can be strengthened for hypergraphical sources. In particular, for the pairwise independent network, our results yield a complete characterization of the maximum secret key rate achievable under a constraint on the total discussion rate.
What’s Wrong with Morality?

Why do moral people so often fail to act morally? Standard scientific answers point to poor moral judgment (based on deficient character development, reason, or intuition) or to situational pressure. I consider a third possibility: a relative lack of truly moral motivation and emotion. What has been taken for moral motivation is often instead a subtle form of egoism. Recent research provides considerable evidence for moral hypocrisy—motivation to appear moral while, if possible, avoid the cost of actually being moral—but very little evidence for moral integrity—motivation to actually be moral. The lack of truly moral motivation may, in turn, be linked to a lack of truly moral emotion, at least in response to violation of certain moral standards.
The right tools for the job: Constructing gender meanings and identities in the male-dominated building trades

For women in male-dominated occupations, the gender beliefs and expectations of men co-workers create dilemmas for constructing and managing an occupational identity. Women often find themselves in a double bind where they are held accountable to contradictory expectations for a feminine presentation of self and a masculine performance of work. While previous research demonstrates the strength of gender double binds in constraining women’s actions and reproducing the dominant gender system, I argue that these conditions also create possibilities for resistance and change. Based on data from in-depth interviews with women who work in the building trades, this study examines the relationship between structural constraints and women’s agency in their response to normative constructions of gender. Rather than being forced into choosing between a stereotypically ‘masculine’ or ‘feminine’ role, tradeswomen manipulate gender rules by engaging in reflexive gender displays that emphasize the most advantageous identity for each situation.
Cryptographic hash functions

Hash functions were introduced in cryptology in the late seventies as a tool to protect the authenticity of information. Soon it became clear that they were a very useful building block to solve other security problems in telecommunication and computer networks. This paper sketches the history of the concept, discusses the applications of hash functions, and presents the approaches that have been followed to construct hash functions. In addition, it tries to provide the information which is necessary to choose a practical hash function. An overview of practical constructions and their performance is given and some attacks are discussed. Special attention is paid to standards dealing with hash functions.
Mediating role of stress between work-family conflict and job satisfaction among the police officials

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of work-family conflicts (WFC) on job stress and its subsequent impact on job satisfaction among the police officials. It also examined the moderating effect of the social support from organisations between employees’ job stress and satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a survey on 599 police officials associated with 20 police stations in New Delhi, India. The study involved a hierarchical regression analysis to examine the relationship between independent (WFC) and dependent (satisfaction) variable with the mediator (stress) as well as the moderator (social support). Findings – The findings revealed that stress mediated the relationship between WFC and satisfaction of the police officials. Further, social support acted as a moderator between their job stress and satisfaction. Practical implications – The study findings added a new chapter in the existing literature by developing a comprehensive framework that consid.
Size Distribution, Surface Coverage, Water, Carbon, and Metal Storage of Thermokarst Lakes in the Permafrost Zone of the Western Siberia Lowland

Despite the importance of thermokarst (thaw) lakes of the subarctic zone in regulating greenhouse gas exchange with the atmosphere and the flux of metal pollutants and micro-nutrients to the ocean, the inventory of lake distribution and stock of solutes for the permafrost-affected zone are not available. We quantified the abundance of thermokarst lakes in the continuous, discontinuous, and sporadic permafrost zones of the western Siberian Lowland (WSL) using Landsat-8 scenes collected over the summers of 2013 and 2014. In a territory of 105 million ha, the total number of lakes >0.5 ha is 727,700, with a total surface area of 5.97 million ha, yielding an average lake coverage of 5.69% of the territory. Small lakes (0.5–1.0 ha) constitute about one third of the total number of lakes in the permafrost-bearing zone of WSL, yet their surface area does not exceed 2.9% of the total area of lakes in WSL. The latitudinal pattern of lake number and surface coverage follows the local topography and dominant landscape zones. The role of thermokarst lakes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and most trace element storage in the territory of WSL is non-negligible compared to that of rivers. The annual lake storage across the WSL of DOC, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Al constitutes 16%, 34%, 37%, 57%, and 73%, respectively, of their annual delivery by WSL rivers to the Arctic Ocean from the same territory. However, given that the concentrations of DOC and metals in the smallest lakes (<0.5 ha) are much higher than those in the medium and large lakes, the contribution of small lakes to the overall carbon and metal budget may be comparable to, or greater than, their contribution to the water storage. As such, observations at high spatial resolution (<0.5 ha) are needed to constrain the reservoirs and the mobility of carbon and metals in aquatic systems. To upscale the DOC and metal storage in lakes of the whole subarctic, the remote sensing should be coupled with hydrochemical measurements in aquatic systems of boreal plains.
The Demonstration of Teaching Values in Elementary Pre-Service Teachers' E-Portfolios.

Electronic portfolios have become a part of many teacher education programs as technology is integrated into these programs. Accrediting organizations, professional associations and others have promoted the use of portfolios in teacher education both as a part of the teacher candidate’s assessment of students and as a means by which the teacher education program assesses the developing teaching abilities of that candidate. 1 When used in the assessment of a teacher candidate, the electronic portfolio (e-portfolio) is a means of demonstrating the teaching values of the candidate. Teaching values are evident during the process of a candidate constructing a personal set of criteria for selecting the social studies lesson plans that will be included in the e-portfolio. 2 The very act of decision making incorporates values, even as the candidate is also meeting teacher education program guidelines for his or her e-portfolio. So, an important question for social studies teacher educators, particularly in elementary education where candidates are demonstrating their abilities in teaching an array of subjects, is “What teaching values are demonstrated by the choices elementary teacher candidates make when they select and include social studies lesson plans in electronic portfolios? ”
Globalization and Pluralism

/ European audiovisual legislation focuses exclusively on a concept of external pluralism. It therefore seems necessary to adopt other policies and develop new measures to guarantee diversity. In order to implement this reform, a new, richer concept of pluralism must be sought that reflects the reality of the market. This would enable us to devise instruments to measure the real presence of pluralism in the media, and perform effective regulation to defend this right at every level. The aim of this study is to examine the scope of this problem in the content of public and private broadcasting in different European countries, and then suggest a redefinition of pluralism and cultural diversity, together with new forms of evaluation that could guarantee that both values are present in sufficient measure.
Improved Survival, Vascular Differentiation and Wound Healing Potential of Stem Cells Co-Cultured with Endothelial Cells

In this study, we developed a methodology to improve the survival, vascular differentiation and regenerative potential of umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+ cells), by co-culturing the stem cells in a 3D fibrin gel with CD34+-derived endothelial cells (ECs). ECs differentiated from CD34+ cells appear to have superior angiogenic properties to fully differentiated ECs, such as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our results indicate that the pro-survival effect of CD34+-derived ECs on CD34+ cells is mediated, at least in part, by bioactive factors released from ECs. This effect likely involves the secretion of novel cytokines, including interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), and the activation of the ERK 1/2 pathway in CD34+ cells. We also show that the endothelial differentiation of CD34+ cells in co-culture with CD34+-derived ECs is mediated by a combination of soluble and insoluble factors. The regenerative potential of this co-culture system was demonstrated in a chronic wound diabetic animal model. The co-transplantation of CD34+ cells with CD34+-derived ECs improved the wound healing relatively to controls, by decreasing the inflammatory reaction and increasing the neovascularization of the wound.
PRECONDITIONERS FOR SADDLE POINT LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH HIGHLY SINGULAR (1,1) BLOCKS

We introduce a new preconditioning technique for the iterative solution of saddle point linear systems with (1,1) blocks that have a high nullity. The preconditioners are block diagonal and are based on augmentation, using symmetric positive deﬁnite weight matrices. If the nullity is equal to the number of constraints, the preconditioned matrices have precisely two distinct eigenvalues, giving rise to immediate convergence of preconditioned MINRES. Numerical examples illustrate our analytical ﬁndings.
IQ and the association with myopia in children.

PURPOSE To evaluate the association between intelligence and myopia in children. METHODS Cycloplegic refraction and ocular biometry parameters, including axial length, vitreous chamber depth, lens thickness, anterior chamber depth, and corneal curvature were obtained in 1204 Chinese school children aged 10 to 12 years from three schools who were participants in the Singapore Cohort Study Of the Risk Factors for Myopia (SCORM). Intelligence quotient (IQ) was assessed using the nonverbal Raven Standard Progressive Matrix test. RESULTS After controlling for age, gender, school, parental myopia, father's education, and books read per week, myopia (spherical equivalent [SE]) of at least -0.5 D was associated with high nonverbal IQ (highest quartile) versus low IQ (lowest quartile) (odds ratio = 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-3.4). Controlling for the same factors, children with higher nonverbal IQ scores had significantly more myopic refractions (-1.86 D for children with nonverbal IQ in the highest quartile compared with -1.24 D for children with nonverbal IQ in the lowest quartile; P = 0.002) and longer axial lengths (24.06 mm versus 23.80 mm; P = 0.022). Nonverbal IQ accounted for a greater proportion of the variance in refraction compared with books read per week. CONCLUSIONS Nonverbal IQ may be an independent risk factor of myopia, and this relationship may not be explained merely by increased reading (books per week) among myopes. An interesting observation is that nonverbal IQ may be a stronger risk factor for myopia compared with books read per week. The complexity of the relationships between nonverbal IQ, reading, and myopia warrant additional studies to clarify any cause-effect relationship.
Where Do the Joneses Go on Vacation? Social Distance and the Influence of Online Reviews on Product Sales

This paper provides field evidence that social distance between customers and reviewers influences the impact from online reviews on product sales. We conceptualize information on interpersonal similarity as a heuristic cue that helps customers to infer similarity in product preferences between reviewers and customers. We hypothesize that customers put less weight on information from socially distant others. We test this hypothesis on an extensive dataset of 60,000 hotel-week observations from a large online travel and holiday portal. The data allows for measuring interpersonal similarity in a clean way, because reviewers need to specify whether they traveled as couples, families, or singles, and reviews can be traced back to corresponding bookings. Therefore, we know for each reviewer, if at the time of booking her peers were couples, families, or singles. Our results provide strong empirical support for our hypothesis. For example, singles increase hotel demand by 18% in response to positive peer information, but discard family information. We conclude that firms’ management of online reviews must reflect on social distance between reviewers and target customers.
Parental Messages Supporting Aggressive Solutions to Fighting and Frequency of Aggressive Behaviors

This study investigated the correlation between parental messages supporting aggressive solutions to fighting and frequency of aggressive behaviors. Eight hundred twenty three school-aged children were asked to respond to the Parental Support for Fighting Scale (PSFS) and the Aggression Scale for Middle School Children (ASMSC). PSFS measures perception of parental support for aggressive and non-aggressive solutions to fighting. On the other hand, ASMSC measures self-reported aggressive behaviors during the week prior to the survey. Statistical analyses revealed significant positive correlation between scores in the Parental Support for Aggressive Solutions (PSAS) subscale of the PSFS and total scores in the ASMSC. Implications of the findings to counseling and development of appropriate interventions are discussed.
Separate oscillating cell groups in mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus couple photoperiodically to the onset and end of daily activity

The pattern of circadian behavioral rhythms is photoperiod-dependent, highlighted by the conservation of a phase relation between the behavioral rhythm and photoperiod. A model of two separate, but mutually coupled, circadian oscillators has been proposed to explain photoperiodic responses of behavioral rhythm in nocturnal rodents: an evening oscillator, which drives the activity onset and entrains to dusk, and a morning oscillator, which drives the end of activity and entrains to dawn. Continuous measurement of circadian rhythms in clock gene Per1 expression by a bioluminescence reporter enabled us to identify the separate oscillating cell groups in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which composed circadian oscillations of different phases and responded to photoperiods differentially. The circadian oscillation in the posterior SCN was phase-locked to the end of activity under three photoperiods examined. On the other hand, the oscillation in the anterior SCN was phase-locked to the onset of activity but showed a bimodal pattern under a long photoperiod [light–dark cycle (LD)18:6]. The bimodality in the anterior SCN reflected two circadian oscillatory cell groups of early and late phases. The anterior oscillation was unimodal under intermediate (LD12:12) and short (LD6:18) photoperiods, which was always phase-lagged behind the posterior oscillation when the late phase in LD18:6 was taken. The phase difference was largest in LD18:6 and smallest in LD6:18. These findings indicate that three oscillating cell groups in the SCN constitute regionally specific circadian oscillations, and at least two of them are involved in photoperiodic response of behavioral rhythm.
An outcome evaluation of the New South Wales Sober Driver Programme: a remedial programme for recidivist drink drivers.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Recidivist drink drivers pose a considerable threat to public safety. The present study evaluates the effectiveness of a remedial programme for recidivist drink drivers, the New South Wales Sober Driver Programme (SDP). SDP combines educational components and elements of group cognitive behavioural therapy in relation to drink driving behaviour. It is delivered in conjunction with punitive sanctions. DESIGN AND METHODS The evaluation design included a comparison of recidivism rates over 2 years for SDP participants and a community control group of convicted drink drivers who received legal sanctions alone. Quantitative and qualitative surveys of SDP participants were also conducted before, immediately after and 4 months after the programme. Outcome measures included recidivism, change in participant knowledge and attitudes, self-reported behavioural intentions and skill development. RESULTS SDP participants were 43% less likely to re-offend over 2 years compared with community controls who had received sanctions alone. Survey respondents demonstrated improved knowledge, attitudes and skills regarding drink driving. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS SDP appears to be an effective intervention, demonstrating greater reductions in recidivism when compared with legal sanctions alone.