Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contrasting National Jurisdictional and Welfare Responses to Violence to Children

This paper describes some approaches to addressing maltreatment of children in OECD countries and explores whether these approaches could be used to improve outcomes in New Zealand. Comparisons are made between the Anglo-American model of child protection, which New Zealand uses, and the Continental European model of family services. The child protection model is based on the adversarial legal approach, where social workers’ focus is on removing the child from potentially harmful family situations and gathering evidence for legal proceedings. The family services model is focused on maintaining the family unit wherever possible, and the social workers work with families to sort out their problems. This model uses the inquisitorial legal approach, where specially trained judges lead teams of social workers to help the child by enabling changes in family circumstances to equip parents to meet their obligations to their children. New Zealand’s use of Family Group Conferences, which is developed from an indigenous Mäori structure, is more akin to the family services approach. This is because it encourages early intervention, with a wide whänau/family focus, without the need for gathering legally admissible evidence. However, if New Zealand wanted to adopt a more holistic family 1 Acknowledgements The author wishes to acknowledge the following persons and organisations: the Secretariat to the Taskforce for Action on Violence within Families who commissioned the original version of this paper and, particularly, its head Elizabeth Rowe whose insightful comments throughout contributed to the structure of the paper; Professor Ilan Katz, of the Social Policy Research Centre at the University of New South Wales, for his experience in research in this area and helpful comments on drafts; Stephen Waldegrave, formerly with the Department of Child Youth and Family Services, who provided invaluable information on the developments in child protection services in New Zealand; Professor Gary Cameron, who leads the Partnerships for Children and Families Project at Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada and the collaborative international research team he led to develop further research in this area, particularly, Rachael Hetherington in the United Kingdom and Alain Grevot in France whose early work and presence on the team inspired many of us; and The Family Centre staff, with whom I have worked closely with families over many years, for their inspiration, sense of justice and support. While gratefully acknowledging the help of all these people and organisations, they are not responsible for the views outlined in this paper. The views are those of the author. Correspondence Charles Waldegrave leads the Family Centre Social Policy Research Unit. He can be contacted at waldegrave.c@fc.org.nz. The FCSPRU website address is www.familycentre. org.nz. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand • Issue 27 • March 2006
Effect of Interior Brick-infill Partitions on the Progressive Collapse Potential of a RC Building: Linear Static Analysis Results

Interior brick-infill partitions are usually considered as non-structural components, and only their weight is accounted for in practical structural design. In this study, the brick-infill panels are simulated by compression struts to clarify their effect on the progressive collapse potential of an earthquake-resistant RC building. Three-dimensional finite element models are constructed for the RC building subjected to sudden column loss. Linear static analyses are conducted to investigate the variation of demand-to-capacity ratio (DCR) of beam-end moment and the axial force variation of the beams adjacent to the removed column. Study results indicate that the brick-infill effect depends on their location with respect to the removed column. As they are filled in a structural bay with a shorter span adjacent to the column-removed line, more significant reduction of DCR may be achieved. However, under certain conditions, the brick infill may increase the axial tension of the two-span beam bridging the removed column.
Circadian activity rhythm in demented and non‐demented nursing‐home residents measured by telemetric actigraphy

There is a need to develop unobtrusive methods for long‐term monitoring of sleep/wake and circadian activity patterns in the elderly both in nursing homes and at home settings as sleep is important for health and well‐being. The IST Vivago® WristCare is an active social alarm system, which provides continuous telemetric monitoring of the user's activity. We examined how the activity signal measured by IST Vivago differed between demented and non‐demented subjects living in a nursing home, and how it correlated with the subjective assessment of sleep quality and daytime alertness. The activity signal data together with subjective assessments of sleep quality and daytime vigilance were collected from 42 volunteers (aged 56–97 years; 23 demented and 19 non‐demented) for at least 10 days. The demented subjects had lower daytime activity and higher nocturnal activity than the non‐demented subjects. Correlations between the activity parameters and self‐assessments were weak but statistically significant. We also found correlation between functional ability and diurnal activity. The results are in line with previous studies with demented and non‐demented elderly subjects and suggest that the IST Vivago system provides a valid instrument for unobtrusive continuous long‐term monitoring of the circadian rhythm and sleep/wake patterns in the elderly.
Factors associated with health-related quality of life in elderly patients on hemodialysis.

OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with health-related quality of life in elderly patients on hemodialysis. METHODS Cross-sectional study including 223 patients aged > 60 years on hemodialysis conducted in dialysis centers in the city of Belo Horizonte, southeastern Brazil, in 2008. Health-related quality of life was measured with the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF) and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (MOS SF-36). The three KDQOL-SF component scores measured were: kidney disease component summary (11 subscales), physical component summary (four subscales) and mental component summary (four subscales). RESULTS Significant independent negative associations were found between the kidney disease and mental components and number of chronic diseases and treatment duration. A lower physical component was seen among women, those with more advanced age, more hospital admissions, and three or more chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS The finding that health-related quality of life was consistently associated with chronic diseases points to the importance of the morbidity profile in elderly patients on hemodialysis. The associated factors identified including advanced age, female gender, number of hospital admissions and treatment duration can provide input for planning health actions that can more adequately meet this populations' needs.
The Demotivating Effect (and Unintended Message) of Retrospective Awards

It is common for organizations to offer awards to motivate individual behavior, yet few empirical studies evaluate their effectiveness in the field. We report a randomized field experiment (N = 15,329) that tests the impact of two types of symbolic awards on student attendance: pre-announced awards (prospective) and surprise awards (retrospective). Contrary to our pre-registered hypotheses, prospective awards had no impact while the retrospective awards decreased subsequent attendance. Survey studies provide evidence suggesting that receiving retrospective awards may demotivate the behavior being awarded by inadvertently signaling (a) that recipients have performed the behavior more than their peers have; and (b) that recipients have performed the behavior to a greater degree than was organizationally expected. A school leaders survey shows that awards for attendance are common, and that the organizational leaders who offer these awards are unaware of their potential demotivating impact.
Comparison of the characteristic energy of precipitating electrons derived from ground-based and DMSP satellite data

Abstract. Energy maps are important for ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling studies, because quantitative determination of field-aligned currents requires knowledge of the conductances and their spatial gradients. By combining imaging riometer absorption and all-sky auroral optical data it is possible to produce high temporal and spatial resolution maps of the Maxwellian characteristic energy of precipitating electrons within a 240240 common field of view. These data have been calibrated by inverting EISCAT electron density profiles into equivalent energy spectra. In this paper energy maps produced by ground-based instruments (optical and riometer) are compared with DMSP satellite data during geomagnetic conjunctions. For the period 1995-2002, twelve satellite passes over the ground-based instruments' field of view for the cloud-free conditions have been considered. Four of the satellite conjunctions occurred during moderate geomagnetic, steady-state conditions and without any ion precipitation. In these cases with Maxwellian satellite spectra, there is 71% agreement between the characteristic energies derived from the satellite and the ground-based energy map method.
Relationships between different tooth shapes and patient's periodontal phenotype.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to establish whether any correlation exists between tooth shapes and patient-related factors such as gingival and periodontal characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical measurements, including the width and the height of maxillary central incisor crowns, the apico incisal height of the keratinized mucosa (KM), the buccal gingival thickness (GT), the depth of the sulcus (SD), the bone-sounding depth (BS) and the height of the interproximal maxillary central papilla (Ph), were investigated in 50 healthy individuals. These individuals were then divided into three groups based on the shape of their maxillary central incisor crowns: triangular; square; or square-tapered. The three groups were analyzed to determine any significant differences among the groups in the values obtained for clinical measurements. RESULTS There were no significant differences among the three groups in terms of the SD (p = 0.11) or the BS (p = 0.54), whilst statistically significant differences were observed for the KM (p < 0.001), the GT (p = 0.012) and the Ph (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that different tooth shapes are associated with significantly different values for the extent of the KM, its bucco-lingual thickness and the height of the interproximal maxillary central papilla.
A new approach to inverse spectral theory, I. Fundamental formalism

We present a new approach (distinct from Gelfand-Levitan) to the the- orem of Borg-Marchenko that the m-function (equivalently, spectral measure) for a finite interval or half-line Schrodinger operator determines the poten- tial. Our approach is an analog of the continued fraction approach for the moment problem. We prove there is a representation for the m-function m(−κ 2 ) = −κ − R b
Implications for unified schemes from the quasar fraction and emission-line luminosities in radio-selected samples

Implications for unified schemes from the quasar fraction and emission-line luminosities in radio-selected samples We use a principal components analysis of radio-selected (3CRR, 6CE and 7CRS) active galactic nuclei (AGN) data sets to define two parameters related to low-frequency (151-MHz) radio luminosity L 151 and [O III] luminosity L [O m] : a parameter a encoding the L 151 -L [O m] correlation and a parameter β encoding scatter about this correlation. We describe methods for constructing generalized luminosity functions (GLFs) based on a, β, redshift and schemes for unifying quasars and radio galaxies. These GLFs can be used to generate radio luminosity functions (RLFs) which improve on those of Willott et al. (2001a), mostly because they incorporate scatter and are therefore much smoother. Luminosity-dependent unified schemes (e.g. a receding-torus scheme) have been invoked to explain the low quasar-to-radio galaxy fraction at low a and the differences in emission-line luminosities of radio quasars and radio galaxies. With the constraints of the 3CRR, 6CE and 7CRS data sets and radio source counts, our GLF approach was used to determine whether a receding-torus-like scheme is required if there are two populations of radio sources: one at low a, consisting of 'starved AGN'; the other at high a, consisting of 'Eddington-tuned AGN'. Because of the overlap between these two populations and the effects of the β parameter, schemes with or without a receding torus can produce a low quasar fraction at low a and differences in [O III] luminosity between radio galaxies and quasars. The receding torus may be a physical process important in one or more populations of radio sources, but this is not yet proved either by the quasar fraction or the emission-line properties of radio-selected samples.
Enhanced flatbed tow truck model for stable and safe platooning in the presences of lags, communication and sensing delays

Many ideas have been proposed to reduce traffic congestion. Driving a platoon of vehicles with constant spacing seems to be a promising idea as it increases traffic density. But keeping constant inter-vehicle spacing requires very reliable communication. Another control policy is to drive the platoon with a time headway between vehicles. It is a robust and well known policy but large inter-vehicle distances in addition to weak stability (unity error gain) near low frequencies make it less practical. We have proposed in [1], [2] a modification of the Constant Time Headway policy (CTH). This modification largely reduces the inter-vehicle distances using only one information shared between all vehicles. In this work, we propose an additional modification of our control law. This modification makes our control law similar, in form, to the classical constant spacing policy, but it requires to share only one information between the vehicles. This modification improves the stability of the platoon and removes the weak stability of the CTH near low frequencies. We prove the robustness of the control law in the presence of actuating lags, sensing and communication delays. This proof can also be used to prove the stability of the classical constant spacing policy in the presence of all previous delays, which makes our result more general than those established in the literature. Safety is also discussed and the maximum acceptable communication delay without losing safety is determined. Simulations have been done in many critical scenarios.
Multi-scenario optimization approach for fuzzy control of a robot-car model

A simple dynamic model of a robot-car has been built in the Matlab/Simulink environment [1], which expanded with a minimal dynamic part [2]. A fuzzy route controller was developed and its performance compared to the PID control [2]. The multi-scenario simulation with five different spatial target points is using in order to represent the all expected scenarios during the controller optimization. The multi-objective fitness evaluation of the driving has also been developed based on kinematic and dynamic characteristics. The optimization of the Fuzzy route controller is performed on the multi-scenario simulation using previously implemented heuristic optimization methods [3]. The multi-scenario optimum is compared with the single-scenario optimums, and evaluated in that way.
ICT and Digital Literacy Skills: a Mechanism for Efficient Teaching in Nigerian Colleges of Education

This study examines information communication technology (ICT) and digital literacy skills as mechanism for effective teaching in Nigerian colleges of education. The total population for this study comprises of 1,500 lecturers in four colleges of education in South West Nigeria. 10% was drawn from the total population using a random sampling technique giving a total 150 which form the sample size for the study. Questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Findings from this study revealed among others that that ICT and digital literacy skills when applied will to a very large extent be a tool for efficient teaching aid for lecturers in colleges of education in Nigeria, that computers, printers, photocopiers, projectors, interactive white board/electronic notice board, internet facility and CD Rom will to a very large extent serve as ICT tools that can be used for effective teaching. This study also revealed that most of the lecturers in colleges of education in Nigeria are not proficient in the use of power-point, excel and spreadsheet, cannot apply computers to solve real life academic problems etc. Recommendations were put forward to enhance the use of ICT for efficient teaching in Nigerian colleges of education. Keywords : ICT, Digital Literacy, Digital Literacy Skills, Teaching, Learning
‘A sneaky bit of stalking’: Young people, social network sites, and practices of online surveillance

This article maps the important albeit under-researched relationship between young people, social network sites, and surveillance practices they encounter or engage with in their digital lives. Based on original empirical research, this article unpacks the complexities of young people’s digital identities, and explores strategies of surveillance, covert and overt, that young people are subjected to and perform on a daily basis. Often justified through risk-based crime prevention narratives, such intrusive strategies scrutinise young people in order to anticipate crime and victimisation on social network sites that has not yet, and might never occur. As such, these strategies are arguably underpinned by pre-crime logics of anticipating and targeting impending crime and victimisation. Importantly, they are increasingly normalised as they are imposed for young people’s “own good”. Yet, as this article demonstrates, young people are aware of such strategies and simultaneously engage in, experience being subject to, and resist surveillance practices.
On a conjecture of Shokurov: characterization of toric varieties

We verify a special case of V. V. Shokurov's conjecture about characterization of toric varieties. More precisely, let $(X,D=\sum d_iD_i)$ be a three-dimensional log variety such that $K_X+D$ is numerically trivial and $(X,D)$ has only purely log terminal singularities. In this situation we prove the inequality \{center} $\sum d_i\le \rk\Weil(X)/(\operatorname{algebraic equivalence}) +\dim(X)$. \{center} We describe such pairs for which the equality holds and show that all of them are toric.
On Randomly Generated Intersecting Hypergraphs

Let $c$ be a positive constant. We show that if $r=\lfloor cn^{1/3}\rfloor$ and the members of ${[n]\choose r}$ are chosen sequentially at random to form an intersecting hypergraph then with limiting probability $(1+c^3)^{-1}$, as $n\to\infty$, the resulting family will be of maximum size ${n-1\choose r-1}$.
Fermented Papaya Preparation Restores Age-Related Reductions in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cytolytic Activity in Tube-Fed Patients

Tube-fed elderly patients are generally supplied with the same type of nutrition over long periods, resulting in an increased risk for micronutrient deficiencies. Dietary polyphenols promote immunity and have anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-oxidative properties. Carica papaya Linn. is rich in several polyphenols; however, these polyphenols are poorly absorbed from the digestive tract in their original polymerized form. Therefore, we determined the molecular components of a fermented Carica papaya Linn. preparation, as well as its effects on immunity and the composition of gut microbiota in tube-fed patients. Different doses of the fermented C. papaya L. preparation were administered to three groups of tube-fed patients for 30 days. Its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immunity were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and immune-marker analysis, respectively. The chemical composition of the fermented C. papaya L. preparation was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis- and liquid chromatography- time of flight mass spectrometry. The fermented C. papaya L. preparation restored peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cytolytic activity; however, no other biomarkers of immunity were observed. Treatment with the preparation (9 g/day) significantly reduced the abundance of Firmicutes in the fecal microbiota. In particular, treatment reduced Clostridium scindens and Eggerthella lenta in most patients receiving 9 g/day. Chemical analysis identified low-molecular-weight phenolic acids as polyphenol metabolites; however, no polymerized, large-molecular-weight molecules were detected. Our study indicates that elderly patients who are tube-fed over the long-term have decreased PBMC cytolytic activity. In addition, low-molecular-weight polyphenol metabolites fermented from polymerized polyphenols restore PBMC cytolytic activity and modulate the composition of gut microbiota in tube-fed patients.
Ipos, Trade Sales and Liquidations: Modelling Venture Capital Exits Using Survival Analysis

Using a detailed sample made up of more than 20,000 investment rounds, we analyze the time to ‘IPO’, ‘trade sale’ and ‘liquidation’ for about 6,000 venture backed firms. We model these exit times using competing risks models. Biotech and internet firms have the fastest IPO exits. Internet firms are also the fastest to liquidate, while biotech firms are however the slowest. The conditional probability for IPOs are clearly non-monotonous with respect to time. As time flows, venture capital-backed firms first exhibit an increased likelihood of exiting to an IPO. However, after having reached a plateau, investments that have not yet exited have fewer and fewer possibilities of IPO exits as time increases. The bubble period from 1998 to 2000 was an ‘easy money’ period where venture capitalists gave much more money to firms, many of which did not offer outstanding growth potential as they tended to liquidate much faster than in normal times.
The Determinants of Economic Growth in Ethiopia: A Time Series Analysis

The main objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of economic growth in Ethiopia during the period of 1981-2015. Co-integration and Error Correction Model were applied in order to investigate the long-run and short run relationship between the dependent variable (real GDP) and its determinants. The finding of the test shows that there was a stable long run relationship between real GDP, Physical capital, human capital, labor force and export. The empirical results reveal that both physical and human capital were found to have positive impact on economic growth both in long run and short run analysis while term of trade and foreign aid affect economic growth negatively and statically insignificant at 1 percent. However, the study found out that export of goods and service had statistically insignificant impact on economic growth with positive sign in the long run, but labor force had statistically significant impact on economic growth. This study has also an important policy implication. The findings of this study imply that economic growth can be improved significantly when the physical capital increases. Hence, policy makers and/or the government should strive to increase capital formation (gross capital accumulation) which is believed as a back bone of growth and has allocate adequate finance for human capital, which will help to work on quality of education.