Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Osprey: Operating system for predictable clouds

Cloud computing is currently based on hardware virtualization wherein a host operating system provides a virtual machine interface nearly identical to that of physical hardware to guest operating systems. Full transparency allows backward compatibility with legacy software but introduces unpredictability at the guest operating system (OS) level. The time perceived by the guest OS is non-linear. As a consequence, it is difficult to run real-time or latency-sensitive applications in the cloud. In this paper we describe an alternative approach to cloud computing where we run all user applications on top of a single cloud operating system called Osprey. Osprey allows dependable, predictable, and real-time computing by consistently managing all system resources and exporting relevant information to the applications. Osprey ensures compatibility with legacy software through OS emulation provided by libraries and by porting runtime environments. Osprey's resource containers fully specify constraints between applications to enforce full application isolation for real-time execution guarantees. Osprey pushes much of the state out of the kernel into user applications for several benefits: full application accounting, mobility support, and efficient networking. Using a kernel-based packet filter, Osprey dispatches incoming packets to the user application as quickly as possible, eliminating the kernel from the critical path. A real-time scheduler then decides on the priority and order in which applications process their incoming packets while maintaining the limits set forth in the resource container. We have implemented a mostly complete Osprey prototype for the x86 architecture and we plan to port it to ARM and PowerPC and to develop a Linux library OS.
Wine Polyphenols: Potential Agents in Neuroprotection

There are numerous studies indicating that a moderate consumption of red wine provides certain health benefits, such as the protection against neurodegenerative diseases. This protective effect is most likely due to the presence of phenolic compounds in wine. Wine polyphenolic compounds are well known for the antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress is involved in many forms of cellular and molecular deterioration. This damage can lead to cell death and various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's diseases. Extensive investigations have been undertaken to determine the neuroprotective effects of wine-related polyphenols. In this review we present the neuroprotective abilities of the major classes of wine-related polyphenols.
Efficient virtual network embedding via exploring periodic resource demands

Cloud computing built on virtualization technologies promises provisioning elastic computing and communication resources to enterprise users. To share cloud resources efficiently, embedding virtual networks of different users to a distributed cloud consisting of multiple data centers (a substrate network) poses great challenges. Motivated by the fact that most enterprise virtual networks usually operate on long-term basics and have the characteristics of periodic resource demands, in this paper we study the virtual network embedding problem by embedding as many virtual networks as possible to a substrate network such that the revenue of the service provider of the substrate network is maximized, while meeting various Service Level Agreements (SLAs) between enterprise users and the cloud service provider. For this problem, we propose an efficient embedding algorithm by exploring periodic resource demands of virtual networks, and employing a novel embedding metric that models the workloads on both substrate nodes and communication links if the periodic resource demands of virtual networks are given; otherwise, we propose a prediction model to predict the periodic resource demands of these virtual networks based on their historic resource demands. We also evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms by experimental simulation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform existing algorithms, improving the revenue from 10% to 31%.
Employment Oriented Macroeconomic Policy and the Challenge of Outsourcing

Significant parts of this paper are drawn from joint work with James Burke of Mt. Holyoke College. I thank him for his important contributions. Minsik Choi of the University of Massachusetts, Boston also made important contributions. I also thank Arjun Jayadev, Derek Weener and Elissa Braunstein for help. The Political Economy Research Institute provided research support. All errors are mine, of course.
Id1 Represses Osteoclast-Dependent Transcription and Affects Bone Formation and Hematopoiesis

Background The bone-bone marrow interface is an area of the bone marrow microenvironment in which both bone remodeling cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and hematopoietic cells are anatomically juxtaposed. The close proximity of these cells naturally suggests that they interact with one another, but these interactions are just beginning to be characterized. Methodology/Principal Findings An Id1−/− mouse model was used to assess the role of Id1 in the bone marrow microenvironment. Micro-computed tomography and fracture tests showed that Id1−/− mice have reduced bone mass and increased bone fragility, consistent with an osteoporotic phenotype. Osteoclastogenesis and pit formation assays revealed that loss of Id1 increased osteoclast differentiation and resorption activity, both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a cell autonomous role for Id1 as a negative regulator of osteoclast differentiation. Examination by flow cytometry of the hematopoietic compartment of Id1−/− mice showed an increase in myeloid differentiation. Additionally, we found increased expression of osteoclast genes, TRAP, Oscar, and CTSK in the Id1−/− bone marrow microenvironment. Lastly, transplantation of wild-type bone marrow into Id1−/− mice repressed TRAP, Oscar, and CTSK expression and activity and rescued the hematopoietic and bone phenotype in these mice. Conclusions/Significance In conclusion, we demonstrate an osteoporotic phenotype in Id1−/− mice and a mechanism for Id1 transcriptional control of osteoclast-associated genes. Our results identify Id1 as a principal player responsible for the dynamic cross-talk between bone and bone marrow hematopoietic cells.
Clinicopathologic Features of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring the EML4-ALK Fusion Gene: A Meta-Analysis

Background The frequencies of EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with different clinicopathologic features described by previous studies are inconsistent. The key demographic and pathologic features associated with EML4-ALK fusion gene have not been definitively established. This meta-analysis was conducted to compare the frequency of the EML4-ALK fusion gene in patients with different clinicopathologic features and to identify an enriched population of patients with NSCLC harboring EML4-ALK fusion gene. Methods The Pubmed and Embase databases for all studies on EML4-ALK fusion gene in NSCLC patients were searched up to July 2014. A criteria list and exclusion criteria were established to screen the studies. The frequency of the EML4-ALK fusion gene and the clinicopathologic features, including smoking status, pathologic type, gender, and EGFR status were abstracted. Results Seventeen articles consisting of 4511 NSCLC cases were included in this meta-analysis. A significant lower EML4-ALK fusion gene positive rate was associated with smokers (pooled OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.30–0.54, P<0.00001). A significantly higher EML4-ALK fusion gene positivity rate was associated with adenocarcinomas (pooled OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.66–3.86, P<0.0001) and female (pooled OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.41–0.90, P = 0.01). We found that a significantly lower EML4-ALK fusion gene positivity rate was associated with EGFR mutation (pooled OR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.03–0.19, P<0.00001). No publication bias was observed in any meta-analysis (all P value of Egger's test >0.05); however, because of the small sample size, no results were in the meta-analysis regarding EGFR gene status. Conclusion This meta-analysis revealed that the EML4-ALK fusion gene is highly correlated with a never/light smoking history, female and the pathologic type of adenocarcinoma, and is largely mutually exclusive of EGFR.
Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: The Protumor Effects of IL-17 Related to Cancer Type

The inflammatory process contributes to immune tolerance as well as to tumor progression and metastasis. By releasing extracellular signals, cancerous cells constantly shape their surrounding microenvironment through their interactions with infiltrating immune cells, stromal cells and components of extracellular matrix. Recently, the pro-inflammatory interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing T helper lymphocytes, the Th17 cells, and the IL-17/IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) axis gained special attention. The IL-17 family comprises at least six members, IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E (also called IL-25), and IL-17F. Secreted as disulfide-linked homo- or heterodimers, the IL-17 bind to the IL-17R, a type I cell surface receptor, of which there are five variants, IL-17RA to IL-17RE. This review focuses on the current advances identifying the promoting role of IL-17 in carcinogenesis, tumor metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy of diverse solid cancers. While underscoring the IL-17/IL-17R axis as promising immunotherapeutic target in the context of cancer managing, this knowledge calls upon further in vitro and in vivo studies that would allow the development and implementation of novel strategies to combat tumors.
Mixed Viral Infections Circulating in Hospitalized Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Kuwait

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of viral mixed detection in hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections and to evaluate the correlation between viral mixed detection and clinical severity. Hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI) were investigated for 15 respiratory viruses by using sensitive molecular techniques. In total, 850 hospitalized patients aged between 3 days and 80 years were screened from September 2010 to April 2014. Among the 351 (47.8%) patients diagnosed with viral infections, viral mixed detection was identified in 49 patients (14%), with human rhinovirus (HRV) being the most common virus associated with viral mixed detection (7.1%), followed by adenovirus (AdV) (4%) and human coronavirus-OC43 (HCoV-OC43) (3.7%). The highest combination of viral mixed detection was identified with HRV and AdV (2%), followed by HRV and HCoV-OC43 (1.4%). Pneumonia and bronchiolitis were the most frequent reason for hospitalization with viral mixed detection (9.1%). There were statistical significance differences between mixed and single detection in patients diagnosed with bronchiolitis (P = 0.002) and pneumonia (P = 0.019). Our findings might indicate a significant association between respiratory virus mixed detection and the possibility of developing more severe LRTI such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia when compared with single detection.
The Effects of Personality on Workplace Bullying

Research examining how personality is related to bullying has focused mainly on the personality of the target. The aim of this study was to examine instigators of workplace bullying to determine whether there was a relationship between the Big Five personality factors and the incidence of bullying. The sample consisted of 129 individuals who completed an online survey via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Results indicated that conscientiousness and agreeableness had a negative relationship with bullying, whereas neuroticism had a positive relationship with bullying. These results provide support for using personality assessments as part of a screening procedure for organizations so that workplace bullying can be effectively eradicated, or at least severely limited.
Cerebrospinal fluid choline in extrapyramidal disorders1

Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Parkinson's disease and Huntington's chorea has been investigated with regard to the concentration of choline. In Parkinson's disease the choline concentration of lumbar spinal fluid was not different from that of a control group, nor was it related to medication, duration of illness, or severity of symptoms. A comparison between choline in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Parkinson's disease and with intention tremor showed no significant differences. Patients with Huntington's chorea had a lower concentration of choline in lumbar spinal fluid as compared with a control group. The results are discussed in relation to the possible sources of cerebrospinal fluid choline.
Mechanisms Underlying CD4+ Treg Immune Regulation in the Adult: From Experiments to Models

To maintain immunological balance the organism has to be tolerant to self while remaining competent to mount an effective immune response against third-party antigens. An important mechanism of this immune regulation involves the action of regulatory T-cell (Tregs). In this mini-review, we discuss some of the known and proposed mechanisms by which Tregs exert their influence in the context of immune regulation, and the contribution of mathematical modeling for these mechanistic studies. These models explore the mechanisms of action of regulatory T cells, and include hypotheses of multiple signals, delivered through simultaneous antigen-presenting cell (APC) conjugation; interaction of feedback loops between APC, Tregs, and effector cells; or production of specific cytokines that act on effector cells. As the field matures, and competing models are winnowed out, it is likely that we will be able to quantify how tolerance-inducing strategies, such as CD4-blockade, affect T-cell dynamics and what mechanisms explain the observed behavior of T-cell based tolerance.
Central and Peripheral Routes to Advertising Effectiveness: The Moderating Role of Involvement

Undergraduates expressed their attitudes about a product after being exposed to a magazine ad under conditions of either high or low product involvement. The ad contained either strong or weak arguments for the product and featured either prominent sports celebrities or average citizens as endorsers. The manipulation of argument quality had a greater impact on attitudes under high than low involvement, but the manipulation of product endorser had a greater impact under low than high involvement. These results are consistent with the view that there are two relatively distinct routes to persuasion.
Syndrome former trellis construction for punctured convolutional codes

In this paper syndrome former trellis construction for punctured convolutional codes (PCCs) is discussed. The class of (np −1)/np-rate PCCs derived from 1/n-rate mother codes is considered. It is shown that a syndrome former trellis of the PCC with identical complexity as the encoder trellis of the mother code can always be constructed. An explicit construction of the syndrome former trellis can be beneficial, when realizing adaptive complexity reduced decoding, or decoding with reduced state transitions, based on the syndrome decoding approach.
Combining Parameter Space Search and Meta-learning for Data-Dependent Computational Agent Recommendation

The goal of our data-mining multi-agent system is to facilitate data-mining experiments without the necessary knowledge of the most suitable machine learning method and its parameters to the data. In order to replace the experts knowledge, the meta-learning subsystems are proposed including the parameter-space search and method recommendation based on previous experiments. In this paper we show the results of the parameter-space search with several search algorithms - tabulation, random search, simmulated annealing, and genetic algorithm.
Quantifying Software Validation: When to Stop Testing?

The authors explain how to use reliability models to determine how much system testing to do and how to allocate resources among the components to be tested. They begin by discussing the basic concepts of software reliability. They examine the functions, presuppositions, and basic procedures of system testing, as well as testing comparison and the use of calendar-time component to predict when testing will be completed. They then discuss acceptance testing. The authors conclude with examples of actual applications. >
Sleep disturbances and suicide risk: A review of the literature

A growing body of research indicates that sleep disturbances are associated with suicidal ideation and behaviors. This article (1) provides a critical review of the extant literature on sleep and suicidality and (2) addresses shared underlying neurobiological factors, biological and social zeitgebers, treatment implications, and future directions for research. Findings indicate that suicidal ideation and behaviors are closely associated with sleep complaints, and in some cases, this association exists above and beyond depression. Several cross-sectional investigations indicate a unique association between nightmares and suicidal ideation, whereas the relationship between insomnia and suicidality requires further study. Underlying neurobiological factors may, in part, account for the relationship between sleep and suicide. Serotonergic neurotransmission appears to play a critical role in both sleep and suicide. Finally, it remains unclear whether or not sleep-oriented interventions may reduce risk for suicidal behaviors. Unlike other suicide risk factors, sleep complaints may be particularly amenable to treatment. As a warning sign, disturbances in sleep may thus be especially useful to research and may serve as an important clinical target for future suicide intervention efforts.
Markers of bone metabolism during 14 days of bed rest in young and older men

Objective: We aimed at comparing markers of bone metabolism during unloading in young and older men, and to assess countermeasure effectiveness. Methods: 16 older (60±2 years) and 8 younger men (23±3 years) underwent bed rest (BR) for 14 days. A subgroup of the Older performed cognitive training during BR and supplemented protein and potassium bicarbonate afterwards. Biochemical markers of bone and calcium/phosphate metabolism were assessed. Results: At baseline urinary NTX and CTX were greater in younger than in older subjects (P<0.001), but increased during BR (P<0.001) by a similar amount (P>0.17). P1NP was greater in young than in older subjects (P<0.001) and decreased during BR in the Young (P<0.001). Sclerostin increased during BR across groups (P=0.016). No systematic effects of the countermeasure were observed. Conclusion: In men, older age did not affect control of bone metabolism, but bone turnover was reduced. During BR formation markers were reduced only in younger men whereas resorption markers increased to a comparable extent. Thus, we assume that older men are not at an elevated, and possibly even at a reduced risk to lose bone when immobilized.
The role of teacher warmth in teacher accuracy evaluating child cognitive and executive functioning

This study sought to expand current knowledge about aspects of the teacher-child relationship that may facilitate accuracy in teacher reporting on children’s higher-order cognitive skills, including attention, working memory, and executive functioning (EF). The study proposed a model of children’s cognitive functioning, wherein performance-based neuropsychological measures of children’s attention, working memory, and EF and teacher-student relational warmth predicted teacher reports of children’s abilities. The final sample for this study included 37 teachers and their 8to 12-year old students. Results found that teachers’ behavioral reports captured children’s true neurocognitive abilities, as measured by performance-based neuropsychological measures. Teacher warmth was related to teachers’ reports of children’s abilities such that greater warmth was associated with fewer reported cognitive problems, and less warmth was associated with a greater number of reported cognitive problems. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that above and beyond that which was accounted for by performance-based neuropsychological measures, teacher warmth accounted for significant variance in teachers’ reports of children’s abilities. Lastly, moderation analyses showed that teacher warmth significantly interacted with true attention abilities to predict teachers’ reports of inattention; moderate warmth was predictive of the most accurate teacher reports, whereas low warmth predicted over-report of attention problems, and high warmth predicted under-report of attention problems. The results of this study help to identify promising targets of teacher-based interventions for children whose cognitive deficits may be negatively impacting their performance in school and who may not be correctly identified for academic supports and/or early intervention services.
Re-Examining of Moffitt’s Theory of Delinquency through Agent Based Modeling

Moffitt’s theory of delinquency suggests that at-risk youths can be divided into two groups, the adolescence- limited group and the life-course-persistent group, predetermined at a young age, and social interactions between these two groups become important during the adolescent years. We built an agent-based model based on the microscopic interactions Moffitt described: (i) a maturity gap that dictates (ii) the cost and reward of antisocial behavior, and (iii) agents imitating the antisocial behaviors of others more successful than themselves, to find indeed the two groups emerging in our simulations. Moreover, through an intervention simulation where we moved selected agents from one social network to another, we also found that the social network plays an important role in shaping the life course outcome.
Some opportunities for integrating activities in the creation of electronic textbook

The paper discusses some aspects of the implementation of the Content Management Systems (CMS) in the creation of e-learning materials and the integration of imitative modeling in electronic textbooks. As an example, are considered CMS Moodle to create the essence of electronic textbook Database systems and the General Purpose Simulation System GPSS World environment for creating educational demonstration models. The third component of the development is the involvement and active participation of students in the implementation of E-Learning Materials.
CHf-ORAM : A Constant Communication ORAM without Homomorphic Encryption

Recent techniques reduce ORAM communication complexity down to constant in the number of blocks N . However, they induce expensive homomorphic encryption on both the server and the client. In this paper, we present an alternative approach CH -ORAM. This ORAM features constant communication complexity without homomorphic encryption, in exchange for expanding the traditional ORAM setting from single-server to multiple non-colluding servers. We show that adding as few as 4 servers allows for substantially reduced client and server computation compared to existing singleserver alternatives. Our approach uses techniques from informationtheoretically secure Private Information Retrieval to replace homomorphic encryption with simple XOR operations. Besides O(1) communication complexity, our construction also features O(1) client memory and a block size of only Ω(logN). This leads to an ORAM which is extremely lightweight and suitable for deployment even on memory and compute constrained devices. Finally, CH ORAM features a circuit size which is constant in the blocksize making it especially attractive for secure RAM computations.