Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Screen in High-Throughput Format To Identify Inhibitors of Malarial and Human Glucose Transporters

ABSTRACT The glucose transporter PfHT is essential to the survival of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and has been shown to be a druggable target with high potential for pharmacological intervention. Identification of compounds against novel drug targets is crucial to combating resistance against current therapeutics. Here, we describe the development of a cell-based assay system readily adaptable to high-throughput screening that directly measures compound effects on PfHT-mediated glucose transport. Intracellular glucose concentrations are detected using a genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based glucose sensor. This allows assessment of the ability of small molecules to inhibit glucose uptake with high accuracy (Z′ factor of >0.8), thereby eliminating the need for radiolabeled substrates. Furthermore, we have adapted this assay to counterscreen PfHT hits against the human orthologues GLUT1, -2, -3, and -4. We report the identification of several hits after screening the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Malaria Box, a library of 400 compounds known to inhibit erythrocytic development of P. falciparum. Hit compounds were characterized by determining the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the uptake of radiolabeled glucose into isolated P. falciparum parasites. One of our hits, compound MMV009085, shows high potency and orthologue selectivity, thereby successfully validating our assay for antimalarial screening.
Molecular Characterization of Sporadic Pediatric Thyroid Carcinoma with the DNA/RNA ThyroSeq v2 Next-Generation Sequencing Assay

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that our 60-gene DNA/RNA ThyroSeq v2 next-generation sequence (NGS) assay would identify additional genetic markers, including gene fusions in sporadic pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) that had no known molecular alterations. Sporadic pediatric DTCs with informative molecular testing (n = 18) were studied. We previously tested 15 cases by our standard 7-gene (BRAF, NRAS, HRAS, KRAS, RET/PTC1, RET/PTC3, PAX8/PPARg) mutation panel. Three cases were not tested previously. The standard 7-gene panel identified molecular alterations in 9 of 15 tumors (60%). Cases analyzed by ThyroSeq v2 NGS included the six previously negative cases by the standard 7-gene panel and three cases not previously tested. The NGS assay revealed new gene fusions in four of six previously negative cases (67%). These gene fusions included ETV6/NTRK3 (n = 3) and TPR/NTRK1 (n = 1). A point mutation (BRAF-V600E) was detected in one of three untested cases. While standard testing could identify only molecular alterations in 60% of cases, with the addition of the ThyroSeq v2 NGS, this increased to 87% (n = 13/15). Some cases with chromosomal rearrangements, including ETV6/NTRK3, appear to be associated with an aggressive histopathologic phenotype, but had no documented history of radiation exposure. Additional work is needed to investigate if pediatric DTCs could benefit from a reclassification based on molecular subtypes, which may better reflect their underlying biologic potential. Our data support the use of broad gene panels for the molecular diagnostics of pediatric thyroid nodules to aid future classification, treatment, and clinical management recommendations.
Comparison of Microdosimetric Simulations Using PENELOPE and PITS for a 25 keV Electron Microbeam in Water

Abstract Mainardi, E. , Donahue, R. J., Wilson, W. E. and Blakely, E. A. Comparison of Microdosimetric Simulations Using PENELOPE and PITS for a 25 keV Electron Microbeam in Water. Radiat. Res. 162, 326–331 (2004). The calculations presented compared the performances of two Monte Carlo codes used for the estimation of microdosimetric quantities: Positive Ion Track Structure code (PITS) and a main user code based on the PENetration and Energy Loss of Positrons and Electrons code (PENELOPE-2000). Event-by-event track structure codes like PITS are believed to be superior for microdosimetric applications, and they are written for this purpose. PITS tracks electrons in water down to 10 eV. PENELOPE is one of the few general-purpose codes that can simulate random electron-photon showers in any material for energies from 100 eV to 1 GeV. The model used in the comparison is a water cylinder with an internal scoring geometry made of spheres 1 μm in diameter where the scoring quantities are calculated. The source is a 25 keV electron pencil beam impinging normally on the sphere surface. This work shows only the lineal energy y and spectra graphical presentation as a function of y since for microdosimetry and biology applications, and for discussion of radiation quality in general, these results are more appropriate. The computed PENELOPE results are in agreement with those obtained with the PITS code and published previously in this journal. This paper demonstrates PENELOPE's usefulness at low energies and for small geometries. What is still needed are experimental results to confirm these analyses.
An Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System for predicting organizational commitment according to different levels of job satisfaction in growing economies

The relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction has received plenty of attention in the literature. However, similar studies in growing economies are scarce. The objective of this study is to cover such a gap by introducing an intelligent algorithm for predicting organizational commitment considering job satisfaction as well as comparing its performance to conventional Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). In doing so, data was collected by distributing questionnaires among 200 employees from the food industry in Shiraz (Iran), which represents one of the most dynamic economies of the country. A 73% response rate was achieved. The respondents completed the questionnaire, which assessed six dimensions of job satisfaction (satisfaction with supervision, overall job, company policy and support, promotion and advancement, pay, and coworkers) and organizational commitment. Using MLR, the results indicated that workers’ had higher satisfaction with overall job, company policy and support, and coworkers, bringing about significantly higher employees’ organizational commitment level. An Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is also developed and tested for the purpose of this study to predict organizational commitment level based on different levels of job satisfaction. Comparing the results obtained from ANFIS and MLR shows that the proposed intelligent algorithm has better performance than conventional MLR and predicts organizational commitment more accurately, based on their root mean square error values (RMSE). A simulation model based on the rules learned by the ANFIS algorithm is also presented to simulate the organizational commitment level of employees by establishing their position on various indexes of job satisfaction. This model can help managers to achieve higher levels of employees’ organizational commitment, since the main aspects of job satisfaction that need more focus are simulated. Different scenarios and situations could be simulated by this system, which is a main contribution of the current work. In terms of presenting an intelligent algorithm in order to predict organizational commitment level based on job satisfaction in food industrial companies, this study is pioneering among other studies.
Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet versus a low-fat, calorie-restricted diet on adipokine levels in obese, diabetic participants

The effect of dietary macronutrient composition on adipokine concentrations remains unclear. Greater reductions in leptin have been reported in participants who followed low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets, although these studies did not adjust for the important effects of weight loss on adipokines. We investigated the effect of macronutrient composition on adipokine levels in 144 obese, diabetic participants who were randomly assigned to a low- carbohydrate (< 30 g/day) or low-fat diet (≤ 30% of calories from fat with a deficit of 500 kcal/day). Weight, adipokines, and dietary intake were assessed at baseline and 6 months. Complete data were available for 79 participants. At month 6, weight, leptin, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05 for all variables). However, significant changes in leptin and adiponectin occurred over time (P < 0.001 and P < 0.012, respectively). Modest weight loss, rather than macronutrient composition, likely accounted for the favorable changes observed in leptin and adiponectin over time.
The Development of Kyphosis and Lordosis in the Growing Spine

Study Design. A longitudinal cohort study. Objective. The aim of this study was to do the analysis of the development of kyphosis and lordosis in the growing spine. Summary of Background Data. Previous studies have measured kyphosis and lordosis in different ways with differing techniques. None of the previous literature has a truly longitudinal design and there is disagreement as to whether there exists a difference between the development of kyphosis and lordosis between males and females. Methods. Repeated measures using Integrated Shape Imaging System Integrated Shape Imaging System 2 surface topography over 5 years of a group of children aged 5 to 16 years without spinal deformity. Longitudinal analysis was performed using linear mixed effects modeling. Results. There were 638 measures in 194 children. Both kyphosis and lordosis increased with age in both males and females (P < 0.001 for kyphosis and P = 0.002 for lordosis). There was no statistical difference in the development of kyphosis between males and females (P = 0.149). However, there was a significant difference in lordosis between males and females (P < 0.001) with female lordosis larger than that seen in males. Kyphosis and lordosis increased in a nonlinear fashion with age. Conclusion. Kyphosis and lordosis increase as children age. Between males and females there is no difference in the increase in the size of kyphosis, but there is difference in the size of lordosis with females having greater lordosis versus males at the same age. Level of Evidence: 2
The Effectiveness of Health Care Information Technologies: Evaluation of Trust, Security Beliefs, and Privacy as Determinants of Health Care Outcomes

Background The diffusion of health information technologies (HITs) within the health care sector continues to grow. However, there is no theory explaining how success of HITs influences patient care outcomes. With the increase in data breaches, HITs’ success now hinges on the effectiveness of data protection solutions. Still, empirical research has only addressed privacy concerns, with little regard for other factors of information assurance. Objective The objective of this study was to study the effectiveness of HITs using the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model (DMISSM). We examined the role of information assurance constructs (ie, the role of information security beliefs, privacy concerns, and trust in health information) as measures of HIT effectiveness. We also investigated the relationships between information assurance and three aspects of system success: attitude toward health information exchange (HIE), patient access to health records, and perceived patient care quality. Methods Using structural equation modeling, we analyzed the data from a sample of 3677 cancer patients from a public dataset. We used R software (R Project for Statistical Computing) and the Lavaan package to test the hypothesized relationships. Results Our extension of the DMISSM to health care was supported. We found that increased privacy concerns reduce the frequency of patient access to health records use, positive attitudes toward HIE, and perceptions of patient care quality. Also, belief in the effectiveness of information security increases the frequency of patient access to health records and positive attitude toward HIE. Trust in health information had a positive association with attitudes toward HIE and perceived patient care quality. Trust in health information had no direct effect on patient access to health records; however, it had an indirect relationship through privacy concerns. Conclusions Trust in health information and belief in the effectiveness of information security safeguards increases perceptions of patient care quality. Privacy concerns reduce patients’ frequency of accessing health records, patients’ positive attitudes toward HIE exchange, and overall perceived patient care quality. Health care organizations are encouraged to implement security safeguards to increase trust, the frequency of health record use, and reduce privacy concerns, consequently increasing patient care quality.
Screening for gynecological cancers

An estimated 17% of all new cancers in women worldwide are due to cancers of the cervix, the ovary and the uterus. Together, these cancers account for 14.6% of all female cancer deaths. This is a significant societal and economic burden, which can be limited through cancer screening. In the developed world, marked reductions of 50–90% in disease rates have been observed as a result of cervical cancer screening. By contrast, in developing countries, where more than 85% of all new cases and deaths from this cancer are reported, significant challenges need to be overcome. Although cytology remains a key component of cervical screening, the newer molecular tests offer a more targeted, risk-attuned approach. The situation for the other two gynecological cancers is different. The case for ovarian cancer screening has yet to be made with the results of key screening trials in high- and low-risk populations still pending. Screening for endometrial cancer is traditionally not advocated as women become symptomatic .
Herpes simplex virus type 1 and Alzheimer’s disease: increasing evidence for a major role of the virus

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), when present in brain of carriers of the type 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE), has been implicated as a major factor in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is proposed that virus is normally latent in many elderly brains but reactivates periodically (as in the peripheral nervous system) under certain conditions, for example stress, immunosuppression, and peripheral infection, causing cumulative damage and eventually development of AD. Diverse approaches have provided data that explicitly support, directly or indirectly, these concepts. Several have confirmed HSV1 DNA presence in human brains, and the HSV1-APOE-ε4 association in AD. Further, studies on HSV1-infected APOE-transgenic mice have shown that APOE-e4 animals display a greater potential for viral damage. Reactivated HSV1 can cause direct and inflammatory damage, probably involving increased formation of beta amyloid (Aβ) and of AD-like tau (P-tau)—changes found to occur in HSV1-infected cell cultures. Implicating HSV1 further in AD is the discovery that HSV1 DNA is specifically localized in amyloid plaques in AD. Other relevant, harmful effects of infection include the following: dynamic interactions between HSV1 and amyloid precursor protein (APP), which would affect both viral and APP transport; induction of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in HSV1-infected astrocyte cultures, which has been linked to the likely effects of reactivation of the virus in brain. Several epidemiological studies have shown, using serological data, an association between systemic infections and cognitive decline, with HSV1 particularly implicated. Genetic studies too have linked various pathways in AD with those occurring on HSV1 infection. In relation to the potential usage of antivirals to treat AD patients, acyclovir (ACV) is effective in reducing HSV1-induced AD-like changes in cell cultures, and valacyclovir, the bioactive form of ACV, might be most effective if combined with an antiviral that acts by a different mechanism, such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).
Intellectual Capital Communication: Evidence from Social and Sustainability Reporting

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level and quality of intellectual capital information communicated through social and sustainability report for a sample of 37 Italian listed company over two years (2005 and 2006). The study use the resource based theory to explain the relationship between corporate social responsibility and intellectual capital. Content analysis is applied through a multidimensional framework composed by three main disclosure profiles(time orientation, nature and type of information) which permits to analyse in depth the quality of intellectual capital information. The results highlight significant and increasing presence of intellectual capital information in CSR reports which is communicated principally in non financial, quantitative and non time specific terms. Human capital is the most reported category followed by relational and organisational capital. There are many similarities between the two typology of report contributing to the ongoing debate on corporate reporting practices.The results suggest that the integration between IC report and CSR report is a plausible issue and that could be useful to enhance the transparency and the understanding of company processes and activities both for internal and external stakeholders. Very few studies have analysed the intellectual capital in CSR report in atheoretical and mono-dimensional way. Moreover the resource base theory has been scarcely applied to explain the disclosure of intellectual capital even if there are several similarities between the two perspectives.
Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial (hRPE) Sheets: A Search for Suitable Storage Conditions

Abstract The advancement of human retinal pigment epithelial cell (hRPE) replacement therapy is partly dependent on optimization of cell culture, cell preservation, and storage medium. This study was undertaken to search for a suitable storage temperature and storage medium for hRPE. hRPE monolayer sheets were cultured under standard conditions at 37°C and then randomized for storage at six temperatures (4, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 37°C) for 7 days. After revealing a suitable storage temperature, hRPE sheets were subsequently stored with and without the silk protein sericin added to the storage medium. Live/dead assay, light microscopy, pH, and phenotypic expression of various proteins were used to assess cell cultures stored at different temperatures. After 7 days of storage, hRPE morphology was best preserved at 4°C. Addition of sericin to the storage medium maintained the characteristic morphology of the preserved cells, and improved pigmentation and levels of pigmentation-related proteins in the cultured hRPE sheets following a 7-day storage period at 4°C.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the Thai Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) and phylogenetic analysis

In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Thai Red Junglefowl (RJF; Gallus gallus) using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform of the Ion Torrent PGM. Samples were taken from Mae Wang District, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Our data showed the complete mitogenome to be 16 785 bp in length, composed by 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one control region. The genome nucleotide composition was 30.3% A, 23.7% T, 32.5% C, and 13.5% G, resulting in a high percentage of A+T (50.4%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the mitogenome belonged to haplogroup X, whereas those of all domestic chickens belong to haplogroups A to G. This newly released mitogenome sequence will advance further evolutionary and population genetics study of the RJF and domestic chicken. The availability of the G. gallus mitogenome will also contribute to further conservation genetics research of a unique species, listed as 'data deficient' in Thailand.
Matching the Multiple Scales of Conservation with the Multiple Scales of Climate Change

Abstract: To anticipate the rapidly changing world resulting from global climate change, the projections of climate models must be incorporated into conservation. This requires that the scales of conservation be aligned with the scales of climate‐change projections. We considered how conservation has incorporated spatial scale into protecting biodiversity, how the projections of climate‐change models vary with scale, and how the two do or do not align. Conservation planners use information about past and current ecological conditions at multiple scales to identify conservation targets and threats and guide conservation actions. Projections of climate change are also made at multiple scales, from global and regional circulation models to projections downscaled to local scales. These downscaled projections carry with them the uncertainties associated with the broad‐scale models from which they are derived; thus, their high resolution may be more apparent than real. Conservation at regional or global scales is about establishing priorities and influencing policy. At these scales, the coarseness and uncertainties of global and regional climate models may be less important than what they reveal about possible futures. At the ecoregional scale, the uncertainties associated with downscaling climate models become more critical because the distributions of conservation targets on which plans are founded may shift under future climates. At a local scale, variations in topography and land cover influence local climate, often overriding the projections of broad‐scale climate models and increasing uncertainty. Despite the uncertainties, ecologists and conservationists must work with climate‐change modelers to focus on the most likely projections. The future will be different from the past and full of surprises; judicious use of model projections at appropriate scales may help us prepare.
Emerging Technologies

The paper by Marilyn Leask and Sarah Younie, drawing on their work over many years and in many varying contexts, poses the starting question of why so little attention is drawn to the knowledge bases available to support teachers in improving the quality of their professional knowledge. The paper argues that the quality of these knowledge bases and teacher access to them is often taken for granted in research on professional learning and is rarely acknowledged in the discourses of school improvement. It then goes on to examine the unacknowledged problem of providing a sustained approach to improving the quality of and access to the evidence bases underpinning professional development programmes. Finally, the authors outline opportunities that exist for low-cost, interlinked national and international e-infra-structures to be developed to support their ideals of knowledge sharing and building across teaching communities.
Multi-AUV Control and Adaptive Sampling in Monterey Bay

Operations with multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have a variety of underwater applications. For example, a coordinated group of vehicles with environmental sensors can perform adaptive ocean sampling at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales. We describe a methodology for cooperative control of multiple vehicles based on virtual bodies and artificial potentials (VBAP). This methodology allows for adaptable formation control and can be used for missions such as gradient climbing and feature tracking in an uncertain environment. We discuss our implementation on a fleet of autonomous underwater gliders and present results from sea trials in Monterey Bay in August, 2003. These at-sea demonstrations were performed as part of the Autonomous Ocean Sampling Network (AOSN) II project