Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Effects of Preconditioning Ischemia on Ischemic Brain Injury through Down-regulating Activation of JNK1/2 via N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor-mediated Akt1 Activation*

Our previous studies have demonstrated that the JNK signaling pathway plays an important role in ischemic brain injury and is mediated via glutamate receptor 6. Others studies have shown that N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is involved in the neuroprotection of ischemic preconditioning. Here we examined whether ischemic preconditioning down-regulates activation of the mixed lineage kinase-JNK signaling pathway via NMDA receptor-mediated Akt1 activation. In our present results, ischemic preconditioning could not only inhibit activations of mixed lineage kinase 3, JNK1/2, and c-Jun but also enhanced activation of Akt1. In addition, both NMDA (an agonist of NMDA receptor) and preconditioning showed neuroprotective effects. In contrast, ketamine, an antagonist of NMDA receptor, prevented the above effects of preconditioning. Further studies indicated that LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase that is an upstream signaling protein of Akt1, could block neuroprotection of preconditioning, and KN62, an inhibitor of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, also achieved the same effects as LY294002. Therefore, both phosphoinositide 3-kinase and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase are involved in the activation of Akt1 in ischemic tolerance. Taken together, our results indicate that preconditioning can inhibit activation of JNK signaling pathway via NMDA receptor-mediated Akt1 activation and induce neuroprotection in hippocampal CA1 region.
Associations between exposure to information and communication technology (ICT) and reported discomfort among adolescents.

BACKGROUND Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are common among adolescents in their daily activities.Exposure to ICT has been associated with discomfort and musculoskeletal disorders in adults, with growing concern about the potential risks to children and adolescents' physical health. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to (i) quantify self-reported discomfort and exposure to ICT among adolescents; and (ii) determine if associations exist between discomfort and levels of exposure. PARTICIPANTS The participant group comprised 33 Australian adolescents aged 12-15 years. METHODS The study used self-reports by participants for a one week period. Intensity and location of discomfort was reported via a written discomfort log. ICT exposure and physical activity were reported through an electronic time-use diary. RESULTS The most common ICT types reported by participants were television, mobile phones and desktop and laptop computers. Discomfort was reported by 86% of participants. The most frequently reported areas were the legs, head/neck, back and shoulders. There was no statistical association found between ICT exposure and discomfort. The majority of participants exceeded the recommended 60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSIONS High exposure to ICT and high prevalence of low level discomfort was reported by the participants. Participating in regular physical activity may have some protective effect against ICT-related discomfort.
STEVENS' HANDBOOK OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

Vol. 1 1. Neural Basis of Vision. 2. Color Vision. 3. Depth Perception. 4. Perception of Visual Motion. 5. Perceptual Organization in Vision. 6. Attention. 7. Visual Object Recognition. 8. Motor Control. 9. Neural Basis of Audition. 10. Auditory Perception and Cognition. 11. Music Perception and Cognition. 12. Speech Perception. 13. Neural Basis of Haptic Perception. 14. Touch and Haptics. 15. Perception of Pain and Temperature. 16. Taste. 17. Olfaction. Vol. 2 1. Kinds of Memory. 2. Models of Memory. 3. Cognitive Neuroscience. 4. Spatial Cognition. 5. Knowledge Representation. 6. Psycholinguistics. 7. Language Processing. 8. Problem Solving. 9. Reasoning. 10. Decision Making. 11. Concepts & Categorization. 12. Cognitive Development. 13. Culture & Cognition. Vol. 3 1. Associative Structures in Pavlovian and Instrumental Conditioning. 2. Learning: Laws and Models of Basic Conditioning. 3. Reinforcement Learning. 4. Neural Analysis of Learning in Simple Systems. 5. Learning Mutants. 6. Learning Instincts. 7. Perceptual Learning. 8. Spatial Learning. 9. Temporal Learning. 10. Role of Learning in Cognitive Development. 11. Language Acquisition. 12. Role of Learning in the Operation of Motivational Systems. 13. Emotional Plasticity. 14. Anatomy of Motivation. 15. Hunger Energy Homeostasis. 16. Thirst and Water-Salt Appetite. 17. Reproductive Motivation. 18. Social Behavior. 19. Addiction. Vol. 4 1. Representational Measurement Theory. 2. Signal Detection Theory. 3. Psychophysical Scaling. 4. Cognitive Neuropsychology. 5. Functional Brain Imaging. 6. Neural Network Modeling. 7. Parallel and Serial Processing. 8. Methodology and Statistics in Single-Subject Experiments. 9. Analysis, Interpretation, and Visual Presentation of Experimental Data. 10. Meta-Analysis. 11. Mathematical Modeling. 12. Analysis of Response Time Distributions. 13. Testing and Measurement. 14. Personality and Individual Differences. 15. Electrophysiology of Attention. 16. Single vs. Multiple Systems of Memory and Learning. 17. Infant Cognition. 18. Aging and Cognition.
Changes in Stoichiometry, Cellular RNA, and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Chlamydomonas in Response to Temperature and Nutrients

Phytoplankton may respond both to elevated temperatures and reduced nutrients by changing their cellular stoichiometry and cell sizes. Since increased temperatures often cause increased thermal stratification and reduced vertical flux of nutrients into the mixed zone, it is difficult to disentangle these drivers in nature. In this study, we used a factorial design with high and low levels of phosphorus (P) and high and low temperature to assess responses in cellular stoichiometry, levels of RNA, and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) in the chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Growth rate, C:P, C:N, N:P, RNA, and APA all responded primarily to P treatment, but except for N:P and APA, also temperature contributed significantly. For RNA, the contribution from temperature was particularly strong with higher cellular levels of RNA at low temperatures, suggesting a compensatory allocation to ribosomes to maintain protein synthesis and growth. These experiments suggest that although P-limitation is the major determinant of growth rate and cellular stoichiometry, there are pronounced effects of temperature also via interaction with P. At the ecosystem level, nutrients and temperature will thus interact, but temperatures would likely exert a stronger impact on these phytoplankton traits indirectly via its force on stratification regimes and vertical nutrient fluxes.
CoSMeDis: A Distributed Social Media Platform with Formally Verified Confidentiality Guarantees

We present the design, implementation and information flow verification of CoSMeDis, a distributed social media platform. The system consists of an arbitrary number of communicating nodes, deployable at different locations over the Internet. Its registered users can post content and establish intra-node and inter-node friendships, used to regulate access control over the posts. The system's kernel has been verified in the proof assistant Isabelle/HOL and automatically extracted as Scala code. We formalized a framework for composing a class of information flow security guarantees in a distributed system, applicable to input/output automata. We instantiated this framework to confidentiality properties for CoSMeDis's sources of information: posts, friendship requests, and friendship status.
Spectral Efficiency of Dynamic Coordinated Beamforming: A Stochastic Geometry Approach

This paper characterizes the performance of coordinated beamforming with dynamic clustering. A downlink model based on stochastic geometry is put forth to analyze the performance of such a base station (BS) coordination strategy. Analytical expressions for the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of the instantaneous signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) are derived in terms of relevant system parameters, chiefly the number of BSs forming the coordination clusters, the number of antennas per BS, and the pathloss exponent. Utilizing this CCDF, with pilot overheads further incorporated into the analysis, we formulate the optimization of the BS coordination clusters for a given fading coherence. Our results indicate that: 1) coordinated beamforming is most beneficial to users that are in the outer part of their cells yet in the inner part of their coordination cluster and that 2) the optimal cluster cardinality for the typical user is small and it scales with the fading coherence. Simulation results verify the exactness of the SIR distributions derived for stochastic geometries, which are further compared with the corresponding distributions for deterministic grid networks.
Look who's talking? Sound changes gaze behaviour in a dynamic social scene

Humans often look at other people in natural scenes, and previous research has shown that these looks follow the conversation and that they are sensitive to sound in audiovisual speech perception. In the present experiment, participants viewed video clips of four people involved in a discussion. By removing the sound, we asked whether auditory information would affect when speakers were fixated, how fixations between different observers were synchronized, and whether the eyes or mouth were looked at most often. The results showed that sound changed the timing of looks—by alerting observers to changes in conversation and attracting attention to the speaker. Clips with sound also led to greater attentional synchrony, with more observers fixating the same regions at the same time. However, looks towards the eyes of the people continued to dominate and were unaffected by removing the sound. These findings provide a rich example of multimodal social attention.
Game Changer: A Case Study of Social-Media Strategy in Big Ten Athletic Departments

This study used a case-study approach to develop an understanding of how social-media strategy is developed and deployed in Big Ten Conference athletic departments and to explore the issues associated with it. Based on in-depth interviews with department officials, the following 6 themes emerged: connecting with target audiences, varied approaches in coordination of postings, athletic communications as content gatekeepers, desire to incorporate sponsors and generate revenue, focusing on building fan loyalty through engagement, and challenges of negativity and metrics. The social-media strategy in Big Ten Conference athletic departments appears to be driven by athletic communications/sports information departments as opposed to marketing departments. The greatest benefit of social media has been the ease of engagement and instantaneous connection between fans and the teams they love, which can lead to building greater loyalty to a team. Some of the challenges departments face include having to deal with th.
Exploring conversational shadowing

The background literature on the repeating of a conversation partner’s words, here called conversational shadowing, shows it to be naturally occurring in L1 acquisition and adult use. This study was motivated by the question ‘What happens when second language learners and native speakers actively shadow each other in conversation? ’ I look closely at conversational shadowing through transcripts of recorded conversations between two Japanese learners of English talking with two English native speakers in mixed dyads in which they were instructed to shadow each other. First, it was found that the different sets of data emerging from the two Japanese students reveal that there may be a variety of effective types of shadowing, from those which may lengthen auditory short-term memory to more interactive and naturally selective shadowing that includes commenting and questioning. Secondly, it was found that interactive conversational shadowing gives rise to the types of conversational adjustments and negotiations that are thought to positively affect language acquisition (Long, 1983) through their impact on negotiation, noticing, intake, and uptake. Thirdly, the data highlights different learning advantages for the non-native speakers (NNSs) when shadowing native speakers (NSs) and when being shadowed by NSs. Finally, I attempt to place shadowing developmentally within Vygotskian socio-cultural theory with reference to Bakhtin’s ventriloquation and to outline a generative action research agenda.
Acting the metaphor: the Laban–Malmgren system of movement psychology and character analysis

The article discusses certain features of The Laban–Malmgren System of Movement Psychology and Character Analysis, an influential actor training methodology which has helped to shape the thinking and work of some of the most expressive actors of our time, including Anthony Hopkins, Colin Firth, Michael Fassbender and Tom Hardy. The System is an original synthesis of Rudolf Laban's late-career ideas on movement, Jungian typology and Stanislavskian physical action, brought together by the dancer and acting teacher Yat Malmgren (1916–2002). The System continues to be taught in conservatoires and university drama departments across the world. The distinguishing feature of the System is the direct link it posits between physical (motion factors – Laban) and psychological (mental factors – Jung) concepts, from which it develops a classification of character and action into ‘Inner and Action Attitudes’. The article outlines the principal pedagogical approach of the System, the ‘scenario’, modelled on the work of the American solo performer Ruth Draper; it also illustrates the application of the System in professional practice. The article considers the System from the perspective of Metaphorical Concept Theory. Finally, the article describes the outcomes of the training in a transformation-oriented acting mode defined as ‘attenuated expressionism’.
Adler's Theory of the Capitalist Labour Process: A Pale(o) Imitation

Adler's paper raises a host of pertinent theoretical and empirical challenges for anyone interested in contemporary trends in work and organization. A version of `paleo' Marxism is invoked to correct the supposed anomalies of labour process theory and the limits of critical management studies. The theory relies on a notion of the progressive socialization of the productive forces in order to assert a positive conception of Taylorism and lean production, as well as a long-run upskilling trajectory. It is argued in this commentary that it is flawed theory and skewed empirics. Adler's perspectives result in a de-politicized workplace by removing any source of conflict over work relations between capital and labour. His evidence of skill upgrading relies overwhelmingly on a series of unreliable proxies that do not deal with actual work relations. In contrast, the commentary defends the record of labour process theory on issues of skill formation and the workplace as a contested terrain.
Review of the 2012 winter influenza season, southern hemisphere.

This report summarizes the chronology, epidemiology and virology of the winter influenza season in the temperate regions of the southern hemisphere, from January 2012 to the end of September 2012. The data presented have been derived primarily from reports published by national ministries of health or other official bodies reporting on their behalf, or reported to the WHO through FluNet and FluID.1, 2
Clients talk about their experience of the process of counselling

The purpose of this study was to ascertain clients’ experiences of their counselling. This was done through use of a questionnaire and follow-up, semi-structured interviews with 20 counselling clients who were seen at a walk-in agency located in a mid-sized city in New Zealand. Several themes were identified and discussed in relation to the literature on clients’ perceptions of their own counselling. Specifically, clients were asked to comment on whether their counselling was effective, how much of their improvement was due to counselling versus other factors, the quality of the relationship with their counsellor, specific in-counselling events that were helpful or unhelpful, and how their counselling was terminated. Implications for practice were suggested.
Ghost in the Air(Traffic): On insecurity of ADS-B protocol and practical attacks on ADS-B devices

In this paper we investigate (in)security aspects of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) protocol. ADS-B is intended to be widely deployed in Air Traffic Management (ATM) Surveillance systems by 2020. One of the goals of ADS-B is to increase safety of air traffic. While the security of ADS-B was previously questioned, in this paper we demonstrate that attacks are both easy and practically feasible, for a moderately sophisticated attacker. Attacks range from passive attacks (eavesdropping) to active attacks (message jamming, replaying of injection). The attacks have been implemented using an Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP), a widely available SoftwareDefined Radio (SDR). for which we developed an ADS-B receiver/transmitter chain with GNURadio. We then present and analyze the results of the implemented attacks tested against both USRP-based and commercial-off-the-self (COTS) radio-enthusiast receivers. Subsequently, we discuss the risks associated with the described attacks and their implication on safety of air-traffic, as well as possible solutions on short and long terms. Finally, we argue that ADS-B, which is planned for long-term use, lacks the minimal and necessary security mechanism to ensure necessary security of the air traffic. Keywords-Architecture and Design Air Traffic Control, Air Traffic Management, Automatic Dependent SurveillanceBroadcast, ADS-B, message injection, message replay, wireless security, privacy.
A Qualitative Study of Postgraduate Students' Learning Experiences in Malaysia.

In Malaysia, postgraduate coursework and research training have expanded significantly in attracting both domestic and international students from Southeast Asia and the Middle East. The task of evaluating the student learning experience in postgraduate education can point out to researchers and university educators various mismatches that would not be immediately known otherwise. In this study, 83 MA and MEd students in two public universities in Malaysia submitted written narratives to discuss their postgraduate learning experiences. Of this total, 10% of the respondents (12 postgraduate students) also volunteered to be interviewed. The findings of this qualitative study showed that the following dimensions impacted on students’ learning experiences: knowledge, values and contacts acquired, professional and personal values acquired and specific learning problems encountered. The implications of the results of this study suggest that public universities in Malaysia can take proactive steps to celebrate learner diversity when addressing students’ difficulties in their continuous effort to further enhance support and facilities for their postgraduate students.
The relationship between unwillingness to communicate and family communication patterns

This study sought to investigate the relationship between the general tendency to approach or avoid communicative situations and reports of communication patterns within the family. People who are high in communication reward would seemingly report more independent exchange of ideas or conversation oriented family communication patterns. Two hundred (N = 200) working adults were asked to complete a questionnaire focusing on the general tendency to approach or avoid communication, degree to which they find communication rewarding, and their perceived patterns of family interaction. Results indicated that people reporting a tendency to see communication as rewarding reported having conversation oriented family interactions whereas people reporting the tendency for avoiding communication reported decreased conversation oriented family communication patterns.
School-to-Work Transition

Pedagogical alternatives for preparing students to make the transition from school to work are examined and synthesized into six key components needed for successful school-to-work transition programs. These key components include coordinated, nonfragmented services; strong education-business partnerships resulting in paid work experiences; relevance in the learning process through linkage of instruction and work; early and continuing career counseling and guidance; program accountability to students and community; and a wide range of career/employment options available upon completion of transition services. Four desired outcomes for participants of transition programs are also described and include connecting theory with practice, developing personal and career maturity, gaining personal awareness, and attaining professional insight.
Defective localization of the NADPH phagocyte oxidase to Salmonella-containing phagosomes in tumor necrosis factor p55 receptor-deficient macrophages

Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) p55-knockout (KO) mice are susceptible profoundly to Salmonella infection. One day after peritoneal inoculation, TNFR-KO mice harbor 1,000-fold more bacteria in liver and spleen than wild-type mice despite the formation of well organized granulomas. Macrophages from TNFR-KO mice produce abundant quantities of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in response to Salmonella but nevertheless exhibit poor bactericidal activity. Treatment with IFN-γ enhances killing by wild-type macrophages but does not restore the killing defect of TNFR-KO cells. Bactericidal activity of macrophages can be abrogated by a deletion in the gene encoding TNFα but not by saturating concentrations of TNF-soluble receptor, suggesting that intracellular TNFα can regulate killing of Salmonella by macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages from TNFR-KO mice fail to localize NADPH oxidase-containing vesicles to Salmonella-containing vacuoles. A TNFR-KO mutation substantially restores virulence to an attenuated mutant bacterial strain lacking the type III secretory system encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2), suggesting that TNFα and SPI2 have opposing actions on a common pathway of vesicular trafficking. TNFα–TNFRp55 signaling plays a critical role in the immediate innate immune response to an intracellular pathogen by optimizing the delivery of toxic reactive oxygen species to the phagosome.
Developing and measuring the emotional intelligence of leaders

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to empirically test whether it is possible to deliberately develop emotional intelligence (EI) as conceptualized in the Mayer and Salovey model.Design/methodology/approach – This empirical study utilized a sample of 135 fully‐employed business students in a treatment/control group research design in which treatment group participants underwent an intensive 11‐week EI training program. Additional samples of 270 and 130 fully employed business students were utilized to develop an EI measure appropriate for EI development.Findings – The results indicate that EI can be deliberately developed; the treatment group demonstrated statistically significant overall EI gains and across each EI dimension, while the control group did not show any significant pre‐/post‐test differences.Practical implications – In addition to illustrating EI training best practices, a new EI measure is described that is appropriate for leadership development.Research limitations/implications – Resea.