Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
uperficial scald susceptibility and-farnesene metabolism in ‘ Bartlett ’ pears rown in California and Washington ruce

‘Bartlett’ pears grown in northern California (CA) consistently show development of the physiological storage disorder superficial scald, particularly after prolonged storage of 4–5 months in air. In contrast, fruit of this cultivar grown in central Washington (WA) are typically less susceptible to scald, exhibiting mild or no symptoms. Conjugated triene (CT) oxidation products of the sesquiterpene -farnesene are thought to play a key role in scald induction in apples and pears. This study compared accumulation of farnesene and its CT products in peel tissue of CAand WA-grown ‘Bartlett’ pears during air storage at −1 ◦C in relation to scald development after transfer to 20 ◦C. Pears were harvested from commercial orchards in 2006 and 2007 and stored under nearly identical conditions for up to 24 weeks. Peel tissue samples taken at harvest and at 2–4-week interval during storage were analyzed by HPLC to determine concentrations of -farnesene and CTs. Measurements of flesh firmness, respiration, and ethylene production were also made at harvest and/or from 1 to 8 d after removal from storage to 20 ◦C. WA fruit from the second harvest ◦ in 2006 developed light superficial scald after 20 weeks of cold storage plus 5 d at 20 C; all others were scald-free. By contrast, all CA fruit from both seasons showed light scald after 12–14 weeks, and moderate scald after 20–24 weeks, plus shelf life. Correspondingly, -farnesene and CTs accumulated more rapidly and on average reached about twofold higher concentrations in CA compared with WA fruit over the first 8–12 weeks of storage. CA fruit also had an earlier rise in ethylene production, higher respiratory rates, and lower flesh firmness at harvest than WA fruit. These suggest advanced maturity, which may have ed ra contributed to the increas
In Vitro and in Vivo Effects of Nitrofurantoin on Experimental Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasma gondii is an important opportunistic pathogen that causes toxoplasmosis, which has very few therapeutic treatment options. The most effective therapy is a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine; however, their utility is limited because of drug toxicity and serious side effects. For these reasons, new drugs with lower toxicity are urgently needed. In this study, the compound, (Z)-1-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methyleneamino]-imidazolidine-2,4-dione (nitrofurantoin), showed anti-T. gondii effects in vitro and in vivo. In HeLa cells, the selectivity of nitrofurantoin was 2.3, which was greater than that of pyrimethamine (0.9). In T. gondii-infected female ICR mice, the inhibition rate of T. gondii growth in the peritoneal cavity was 44.7% compared to the negative control group after 4-day treatment with 100 mg/kg of nitrofurantoin. In addition, hematology indicators showed that T. gondii infection-induced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, biochemical parameters involved in liver injury, were reduced by nitrofurantoin significantly. Moreover, nitrofurantoin exerted significant effects on the index of antioxidant status, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). The nitrofurantoin-treated group inhibited the T. gondii-induced MDA levels while alleviating the decrease in GSH levels. Thus, nitrofurantoin is a potential anti-T. gondii candidate for clinical application.
Clinical correlates and genetic linkage of social and communication difficulties in families with obsessive–compulsive disorder: Results from the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study

Some individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) have autistic‐like traits, including deficits in social and communication behaviors (pragmatics). The objective of this study was to determine if pragmatic impairment aggregates in OCD families and discriminates a clinically and genetically distinct subtype of OCD. We conducted clinical examinations on, and collected DNA samples from, 706 individuals with OCD in 221 multiply affected OCD families. Using the Pragmatic Rating Scale (PRS), we compared the prevalence of pragmatic impairment in OCD‐affected relatives of probands with and without pragmatic impairment. We also compared clinical features of OCD‐affected individuals in families having at least one, versus no, individual with pragmatic impairment, and assessed for linkage to OCD in the two groups of families. The odds of pragmatic impairment were substantially greater in OCD‐affected relatives of probands with pragmatic impairment. Individuals in high‐PRS families had greater odds of separation anxiety disorder and social phobia, and a greater number of schizotypal personality traits. In high‐PRS families, there was suggestive linkage to OCD on chromosome 12 at marker D12S1064 and on chromosome X at marker DXS7132 whereas, in low‐PRS families, there was suggestive linkage to chromosome 3 at marker D3S2398. Pragmatic impairment aggregates in OCD families. Separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, and schizotypal personality traits are part of a clinical spectrum associated with pragmatic impairment in these families. Specific regions of chromosomes 12 and X are linked to OCD in high‐PRS families. Thus, pragmatic impairment may distinguish a clinically and genetically homogeneous subtype of OCD. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast Distributed Submodular Cover: Public-Private Data Summarization

In this paper, we introduce the public-private framework of data summarization motivated by privacy concerns in personalized recommender systems and online social services. Such systems have usually access to massive data generated by a large pool of users. A major fraction of the data is public and is visible to (and can be used for) all users. However, each user can also contribute some private data that should not be shared with other users to ensure her privacy. The goal is to provide a succinct summary of massive dataset, ideally as small as possible, from which customized summaries can be built for each user, i.e. it can contain elements from the public data (for diversity) and users' private data (for personalization). To formalize the above challenge, we assume that the scoring function according to which a user evaluates the utility of her summary satisfies submodularity, a widely used notion in data summarization applications. Thus, we model the data summarization targeted to each user as an instance of a submodular cover problem. However, when the data is massive it is infeasible to use the centralized greedy algorithm to find a customized summary even for a single user. Moreover, for a large pool of users, it is too time consuming to find such summaries separately. Instead, we develop a fast distributed algorithm for submodular cover, FASTCOVER, that provides a succinct summary in one shot and for all users. We show that the solution provided by FASTCOVER is competitive with that of the centralized algorithm with the number of rounds that is exponentially smaller than state of the art results. Moreover, we have implemented FASTCOVER with Spark to demonstrate its practical performance on a number of concrete applications, including personalized location recommendation, personalized movie recommendation, and dominating set on tens of millions of data points and varying number of users.
Self-Esteem and the Acute Effect of Anxiety on Ambulatory Blood Pressure

Objectives Recent research suggests that self-esteem may be associated with improved parasympathetic nervous system functioning. This study tested whether high self-esteem is associated with decreased ambulatory systolic blood pressure (ASBP) reactivity to anxiety in healthy adults during the waking hours of a normal day. Methods Each of 858 participants completed a short version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and then wore an ABP monitor that took two blood pressure readings per hour for 24 hours. Immediately after each blood pressure reading, participants completed an electronic diary report that included an anxiety rating on a 100-point visual analog scale. Using multilevel models, we assessed the association of momentary anxiety, high trait self-esteem, and their interaction on momentary ASBP, with adjustment for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and body mass index. Sensitivity analyses were conducted examining psychological factors associated with self-esteem: sense of mastery, optimism, social support, and depressive symptoms. Results On average, a 1-point increase in cube root–transformed anxiety was associated with a 0.80-mm Hg (standard error = 0.09, p < .001) increase in ASBP, and the interaction of high self-esteem and momentary anxiety was significant, such that this effect was 0.48 (standard error = 0.20, p = .015) less in individuals with high self-esteem compared with all others. Results for self-esteem remained significant when adjusting for sex and psychological factors. Conclusions Momentary increases in anxiety are associated with acute increases in ASBP, and high self-esteem buffers the effect of momentary anxiety on blood pressure. Thus, high self-esteem may confer cardiovascular benefit by reducing the acute effects of anxiety on systolic blood pressure.
Long-Term Cognitive Impairment After First-Ever Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults

Background and Purpose— Up to 14% of all ischemic strokes occur in young adults (<50 years). Poststroke cognitive performance is a decisive determinant of their quality of life. However, virtually no studies report on cognition after young stroke, especially not on the long term. This long-term perspective is important because young patients have a long life expectancy during which they start forming a family, have an active social life, and make decisive career moves. We aimed to evaluate the long-term cognitive outcome. Methods— All consecutive patients between January 1, 1980, and November 1, 2010, with a first-ever young ischemic stroke were recruited for cognitive assessment, using a matched stroke-free population as a reference. Composite Z scores for 7 cognitive domains were calculated and the ANCOVA model was used (Bonferroni correction). A below average performance was defined as >1.0 SD below the age-adjusted mean of the controls and cognitive impairment as >1.5 SD. Results— Two hundred seventy-seven patients and 146 matched controls completed cognitive assessment (mean follow-up, 11.0 years, SD, 8.2; age, 50.9 years, SD, 10.3). Long-term cognitive outcome after an ischemic stroke was worse in most cognitive domains compared with a nonstroke population. Up to 50% of the patients had a below average performance or cognitive impairment. Deficits in processing speed, working memory, and attention were most common. Conclusions— Even 11 years after ischemic stroke in young adults, a substantial proportion of patients must cope with permanent cognitive deficits. These results have implications for information given to patients and rehabilitation services.
Learning in Plants: Lessons from Mimosa pudica

This article provides an overview of the early Mimosa pudica literature; much of which is in journals not easily accessible to the reader. In contrast to the contemporary plant learning literature which is conducted primarily by plant biologists, this early literature was conducted by comparative psychologists whose goal was to search for the generality of learning phenomena such as habituation, and classical conditioning using experimental designs based on animal conditioning studies. In addition to reviewing the early literature, we hope to encourage collaborations between plant biologists and comparative psychologists by familiarizing the reader with issues in the study of learning faced by those working with animals. These issues include no consistent definition of learning phenomena and an overreliance on the use of cognition. We suggested that greater collaborative efforts be made between plant biologists and comparative psychologists if the study of plant learning is to be fully intergraded into the mainstream behavior theory.
Myxoid Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: A Rare Variant Analyzed in a Series of 23 Cases

The myxoid variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSPs) is uncommon. It often presents a diagnostic challenge and is important to recognize to prevent both undertreatment and overtreatment. To better characterize this unusual variant of DFSP, 23 myxoid DFSPs (DFSP with greater than 50% myxoid stroma) were retrieved from the authors' consult files. 13 patients were male and 10 were female (median age 40 years; range 9 months to 72 years of age). Tumor size ranged from 1.5 to 11 cm (median 2.8 cm). The most frequent sites were the extremities (9) and head and neck (7), followed by the trunk (4) and anogenital region (3). Grossly, the tumors were white/tan/gray to yellow, firm to gelatinous soft tissue masses. Histologically, tumor stroma ranged from 50 to 100% myxoid (median 80%). The majority of cases displayed an infiltrative sheet-like proliferation of bland spindle cells with palely eosinophilic cytoplasm and stellate nuclei without pleomorphism. The stroma was myxoid with prominent thin-walled vessels. All cases displayed honeycomb infiltration of fat and 16 cases showed cellular areas of more typical DFSP. Four tumors contained pigmented dendritic cells (Bednar variant), 1 showed areas of giant cell fibroblastoma and 1 showed progression to fibrosarcomatous DFSP. Mitoses ranged from 0 to 5 per 10 high power fields. 95% of cases (21 out of 22) were positive for CD34 and all cases were negative for S100 and muscle markers. Clinical follow-up in 8 cases, ranging from 3-21 years, (median follow-up 6 years), revealed local recurrence in 2 cases and no evidence of metastasis. All patients were free of disease following wide excision or excision followed by radiotherapy. In summary, these low-grade lesions are clinically similar to typical DFSP, but their unusual morphology is easily confused with a variety of other tumor types.
Mining Risk Factors in RFID Baggage Tracking Data

Airport baggage management is a significant part of the aviation industry. However, for several reasons every year a vast number of bags are mishandled (e.g., Left behind, send to wrong flights, gets lost, etc.,) which costs a lot of money to the aviation industry as well as creates inconvenience and frustration to the passengers. To remedy these problems we propose a detailed methodology for mining risk factors from Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) baggage tracking data. The factors should identify potential issues in the baggage management. However, the baggage tracking data are low level and not directly accessible for finding such factors. Moreover, baggage tracking data are highly imbalanced, for example, our experimental data, which is a large real-world data set from the Scandinavian countries, contains only 0.8% mishandled bags. This imbalance presents difficulties to most data mining techniques. The paper presents detailed steps for pre-processing the unprocessed raw tracking data for higher-level analysis and handling the imbalance problem. We fragment the data set based on a number of relevant factors and find the best classifier for each of them. The paper reports on a comprehensive experimental study with real RFID baggage tracking data and it shows that the proposed methodology results in a strong classifier, and can find interesting concrete patterns and reveal useful insights of the data.
Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies acquire a pro-inflammatory Fc glycosylation phenotype prior to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis

Objective To determine whether anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) exhibit specific changes in Fc glycosylation prior to the onset of arthritis. Methods Serum samples of patients with ACPA-positive arthralgia (n=183) were collected at baseline and at various time points of follow-up. 105 patients developed arthritis after a median of 12 months (IQR 6–24) and were classified as having either rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=48) or undifferentiated arthritis (UA, n=57) based on the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. ACPA and total serum IgG were isolated by affinity purification and cleaved by trypsin. ACPA-IgG1 Fc-glycopeptides were subsequently analysed by nano-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and compared to those of total IgG1. Results At baseline, ACPA-IgG1 and total IgG1 from arthralgia patients displayed similar Fc glycosylation patterns. By contrast, at the onset of arthritis, ACPA exhibited a decrease in galactose residues in RA patients, but not in UA patients. This decrease occurred around 3 months prior to diagnosis and was paralleled by an increase in systemic inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Galactosylation of total IgG1 was also decreased in RA, but this did not precede the onset of arthritis. Interestingly, we additionally noted a higher degree of ACPA-IgG1 Fc core fucosylation at baseline as compared with total IgG1, which further increased prior to diagnosis. Conclusions ACPA display significant changes in Fc galactosylation and fucosylation prior to the onset of RA. These changes towards a more pro-inflammatory phenotype could be involved in driving the disease process.
Motor Fatigue Measurement by Distance-Induced Slow Down of Walking Speed in Multiple Sclerosis

Background and rationale Motor fatigue and ambulation impairment are prominent clinical features of people with multiple sclerosis (pMS). We hypothesized that a multimodal and comparative assessment of walking speed on short and long distance would allow a better delineation and quantification of gait fatigability in pMS. Our objectives were to compare 4 walking paradigms: the timed 25-foot walk (T25FW), a corrected version of the T25FW with dynamic start (T25FW+), the timed 100-meter walk (T100MW) and the timed 500-meter walk (T500MW). Methods Thirty controls and 81 pMS performed the 4 walking tests in a single study visit. Results The 4 walking tests were performed with a slower WS in pMS compared to controls even in subgroups with minimal disability. The finishing speed of the last 100-meter of the T500MW was the slowest measurable WS whereas the T25FW+ provided the fastest measurable WS. The ratio between such slowest and fastest WS (Deceleration Index, DI) was significantly lower only in pMS with EDSS 4.0–6.0, a pyramidal or cerebellar functional system score reaching 3 or a maximum reported walking distance ≤4000 m. Conclusion The motor fatigue which triggers gait deceleration over a sustained effort in pMS can be measured by the WS ratio between performances on a very short distance and the finishing pace on a longer more demanding task. The absolute walking speed is abnormal early in MS whatever the distance of effort when patients are unaware of ambulation impairment. In contrast, the DI-measured ambulation fatigability appears to take place later in the disease course.
Sticky Continuous Processes have Consistent Price Systems

Under proportional transaction costs, a price process is said to have a consistent price system, if there is a semimartingale with an equivalent martingale measure that evolves within the bid-ask spread. We show that a continuous, multi-asset price process has a consistent price system, under arbitrarily small proportional transaction costs, if it satisfies a natural multi-dimensional generalization of the stickiness condition introduced by Guasoni [Math. Finance 16(3), 569-582 (2006)].
Imperfect Monitoring and Impermanent Reputations

We study the long-run sustainability of reputations in games with imperfect public monitoring. It is impossible to maintain a permanent reputation for playing a strategy that does not play an equilibrium of the game without uncertainty about types. Thus, a player cannot indefinitely sustain a reputation for non-credible behavior in the presence of imperfect monitoring.
The IQ of learning disability samples: a reexamination.

Burns' (1984) attempt to explain the below average mean IQ scores reported for samples of learning disabled (LD) students through the use of the bivariate normal probability distribution was examined. Burns applied the bivariate distribution to a method of quantifying a learning disability based on a fixed achievement cut-off value. This explanation seems to have limited utility when applied to the preferred discrepancy based model of defining severe educational underachievement. Alternative explanations for the below average IQ of LD samples which focus on issues related to the referral, identification, and placement of children are presented.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Chromoplast Differentiation Reveals Complex Protein Changes Associated with Plastoglobule Biogenesis and Remodeling of Protein Systems in Sweet Orange Flesh1[OPEN]

Two major chromoplasts are region-specifically formed in citrus and converted from amyloplast precursors. Globular and crystalloid chromoplasts were observed to be region specifically formed in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) flesh and converted from amyloplasts during fruit maturation, which was associated with the composition of specific carotenoids and the expression of carotenogenic genes. Subsequent isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic analyses of purified plastids from the flesh during chromoplast differentiation and senescence identified 1,386 putative plastid-localized proteins, 1,016 of which were quantified by spectral counting. The iTRAQ values reflecting the expression abundance of three identified proteins were validated by immunoblotting. Based on iTRAQ data, chromoplastogenesis appeared to be associated with three major protein expression patterns: (1) marked decrease in abundance of the proteins participating in the translation machinery through ribosome assembly; (2) increase in abundance of the proteins involved in terpenoid biosynthesis (including carotenoids), stress responses (redox, ascorbate, and glutathione), and development; and (3) maintenance of the proteins for signaling and DNA and RNA. Interestingly, a strong increase in abundance of several plastoglobule-localized proteins coincided with the formation of plastoglobules in the chromoplast. The proteomic data also showed that stable functioning of protein import, suppression of ribosome assembly, and accumulation of chromoplast proteases are correlated with the amyloplast-to-chromoplast transition; thus, these processes may play a collective role in chromoplast biogenesis and differentiation. By contrast, the chromoplast senescence process was inferred to be associated with significant increases in stress response and energy supply. In conclusion, this comprehensive proteomic study identified many potentially new plastid-localized proteins and provides insights into the potential developmental and molecular mechanisms underlying chromoplast biogenesis, differentiation, and senescence in sweet orange flesh.
Equivalence relations on separated nets arising from linear toral flows

In 1998, Burago–Kleiner and McMullen independently proved the existence of separated nets in Rd which are not bi‐Lipschitz equivalent (BL) to a lattice. A finer equivalence relation than BL is bounded displacement (BD). Separated nets arise naturally as return times to a section for minimal Rd ‐actions. We analyze the separated nets which arise via these constructions, focusing particularly on nets arising from linear Rd ‐actions on tori. We show that generically these nets are BL to a lattice, and for some choices of dimensions and sections, they are generically BD to a lattice. We also show the existence of such nets which are not BD to a lattice.