Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revised method for extraction of the thermal resistance applied to bulk and SOI SiGe HBTs

A revision is presented of the technique to determine the junction temperature and thermal resistance of bipolar transistors. It is based on the temperature sensitivity of the base-emitter voltage when biasing the device under constant emitter current. It accounts correctly for the self-heating of the device during the measurement. Results are obtained for devices fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and bulk silicon having different emitter widths and lengths. An increment of the thermal resistance is found for SOI devices with respect to bulk.
Indirect fluorescent-antibody tests for parasitic diseases. V. An evaluation of a thick-smear antigen in the IFA test for malaria antibodies.

Abstract This study was performed to evaluate a washed-cell, thick-smear antigen for use in the indirect fluorescent-antibody test for malaria. Thick-smear antigens of Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, and P. brasilianum were prepared from parasitized erythrocytes washed free of soluble serum components by several changes of phosphate-buffered saline solution, pH 7.2. Serum samples both positive and negative for malaria antibody were tested with blind and double-blind techniques. The lowest significant diagnostic titer was found to be 1:16. At this dilution, false positive rates were less than 0.5%, false negative rates were below 5%, and the range of titer reproducibility was plus or minus one fourfold dilution. Use of the modified antigen had certain advantages over the conventional whole-blood, thin-smear antigen. Binding of the antigen donor's antibody to his plasmodia is avoided. This effect, previously attributed to an in vivo reaction, seems to occur in vitro. Reading is facilitated by the large number of plasmodia per field.
Potential Role of Circulating Tumor Cell Detection and Monitoring in Breast Cancer: A Review of Current Evidence

The phenomenon of hematogenous tumor cell dissemination in patients with solid tumors has been extensively explored over the last decades. Breast cancer research investigated at first disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow; however, the focus soon moved to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood as blood is easily accessible without an invasive procedure. The prognostic significance of CTC presence has been shown in large studies both in adjuvant and metastatic setting and commercially available detection assays have been evaluated for monitoring in clinical trials. Beyond detection and enumeration of CTCs, the characterization of single tumor cells may enhance our knowledge on disease progression and thus optimize treatment choices.
U‐2940, a human B‐cell line derived from a diffuse large cell lymphoma sequential to Hodgkin lymphoma

Several patterns of association between Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas are recognized, some of which support a common cellular origin or shared transformation events for both malignancies. We describe the U‐2940 cell line derived from a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with some features consistent with mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma, clinically apparent 1 month after the initial course of chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease, fulfilling the criteria for composite malignancies. U‐2940 cells display a mature B phenotype with hypermutated IgH rearrangement typical of germinal/postgerminal center origin. The cell line is negative for Epstein‐Barr virus and no evidence of t(14;18) was found. U‐2940 cells display multiple chromosomal rearrangements similar to recurrent aberrations described in both Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, also partially shared by U‐2932 derived from a B‐cell lymphoma sequential to Hodgkin's disease. The original large B‐cell lymphoma and the U‐2940 cell line bear microsatellite instability, an abnormality associated with particular subtypes of non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and found in tissues involved by Hodgkin lymphoma. Therefore, U‐2940 cells bear several features known to occur in Hodgkin and in non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, leading to the assumption that this cell line may constitute a useful tool to address elective pathways of lymphomagenesis and eventually the Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma association. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimating the Hidden Burden of Bovine Tuberculosis in Great Britain

The number of cattle herds placed under movement restrictions in Great Britain (GB) due to the suspected presence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has progressively increased over the past 25 years despite an intensive and costly test-and-slaughter control program. Around 38% of herds that clear movement restrictions experience a recurrent incident (breakdown) within 24 months, suggesting that infection may be persisting within herds. Reactivity to tuberculin, the basis of diagnostic testing, is dependent on the time from infection. Thus, testing efficiency varies between outbreaks, depending on weight of transmission and cannot be directly estimated. In this paper, we use Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) to parameterize two within-herd transmission models within a rigorous inferential framework. Previous within-herd models of bTB have relied on ad-hoc methods of parameterization and used a single model structure (SORI) where animals are assumed to become detectable by testing before they become infectious. We study such a conventional within-herd model of bTB and an alternative model, motivated by recent animal challenge studies, where there is no period of epidemiological latency before animals become infectious (SOR). Under both models we estimate that cattle-to-cattle transmission rates are non-linearly density dependent. The basic reproductive ratio for our conventional within-herd model, estimated for scenarios with no statutory controls, increases from 1.5 (0.26–4.9; 95% CI) in a herd of 30 cattle up to 4.9 (0.99–14.0) in a herd of 400. Under this model we estimate that 50% (33–67) of recurrent breakdowns in Britain can be attributed to infection missed by tuberculin testing. However this figure falls to 24% (11–42) of recurrent breakdowns under our alternative model. Under both models the estimated extrinsic force of infection increases with the burden of missed infection. Hence, improved herd-level testing is unlikely to reduce recurrence unless this extrinsic infectious pressure is simultaneously addressed.
A BIST scheme for RTL controller-data paths based on symbolic testability analysis

This paper introduces a novel scheme for testing register-transfer level controller/data paths using built-in self-test (BIST). The scheme uses the controller netlist and the data path of a circuit to extract a test control/data flow (TCDF) which consists of operations mapped to modules in the circuit and variables mapped to registers. This TCDF is used to derive a set of symbolic justification and propagation paths (known as test environment) to test some of the operations and variables present in it. If it becomes difficult to generate such test environments with the derived TCDFs, a few test multiplexers are added at suitable points in the circuit to increase its controllability and observability. This test environment can then be used to exercise a module or register in the circuit with pseudorandom pattern generators which are placed only at the primary inputs of the circuit. The test responses can be analyzed with signature analyzers which are only placed at the primary outputs of the circuit. Every module in the module library is made random-pattern testable, whenever possible, using gate-level testability insertion techniques. Finally a BIST controller is synthesized to provide the necessary control signals to form the different test environments during testing, and a BIST architecture is superimposed an the circuit. Experimental results on a number of industrial and university benchmarks show that high fault coverage (>99%) can be obtained with our scheme in a small number of test cycles at an average area (delay) overhead of only 6.4% (2.5 %).
Studying associations between variants in TRAF1-C5 and TNFAIP3-OLIG3 and the progression of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis in multiple cohorts

The severity of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is highly variable between patients. Recent twin and population studies indicated that the severity of joint destruction is influenced by genetic factors.1 ,2 Previously, we reported the association of rs10818488 ( TRAF1-C5 ) and rs675520 ( TNFAIP3-OLIG3 ) with progression of joint destruction.3 ,4 The genes near these loci encode for tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-1 ( TRAF1 ), complement component-5 ( C5 ) and tumour necrosis factor α-induced protein-3 ( TNFAIP3 ; a protein that inhibits NF-κ B activation). A basic principle in genetic association studies is to evaluate multiple cohorts to validate observed findings. We therefore studied both single-nucleotide polymorphisms in several RA cohorts with radiological follow-up data. Six thousand two hundred and eighty-two x-rays of 2666 RA patients were studied: 147 patients from Lund (Sweden), 385 patients from Sheffield (UK), 285 patients from Iceland, 384 patients from the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC), 756 patients from the National Databank of Rheumatic Diseases (NDB), 113 patients from Wichita and 596 patients from the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic (Leiden-EAC) cohort (table 1). Detailed information on these datasets is provided elsewhere.2 ,5,–,10 …
Identification of Minuscule Inward Currents as Precursors to Membrane Electroporation-Induced Currents: Real-Time Prediction of Pore Appearance

Background/Aims: The objective of this study is to examine the current signals in response to large hyperpolarizations with the aid of principal component analysis (PCA) to search for or even predict current fluctuations related to membrane electroporation-induced current (IMEP). Methods: The characteristics of principal eigenvalues generated for IMEP and the current signals at 10 sec prior to the start of initial IMEP (IPre) were examined. As membrane hyperpolarizations were applied at 0.1 Hz, the appearance of IMEP coincided with the higher principal eigenvalues extracted in PCA. Results: Subsequent addition of LaCl3 (100 µM) greatly reduced IMEP and associated principal eigenvalues. In real-time analysis for a single frame (i.e, 300 msec), in response to large hyperpolarization, multiple runs of heralded minuscule inward currents (Imin) occurring before large rise in current amplitudes were detected. With PCA, such heralded Imin was noted to coincide with the extreme principal eigenvalues. The duration of Imin together with large principal eigenvalues was influenced by different levels of membrane hyperpolarization. In GH3 cells, palmitoyl-L-carnitine (PALCAR), a long-chain acylcarnitine, effectively increased the IMEP amplitude with an EC50 value of 2.4 µM. However, in PALCAR-treated cells, the Imin together with higher principal eigenvalues disappeared, while in isoflurane-treated cells, Imin occurring before large rise of current amplitude remained intact. Similarly, the PCA analysis from IPre in RAW 264.6 macrophages showed the presence of herald Imin accompanied by the extreme principal eigenvalues. Conclusion: It is clear from this study that these large principal eigenvalues are representative of MEP-associated formation of electropores. Therefore, different compositions around the surface membrane of cells may alter the appearance of Imin followed by IMEP emergence.
Coded Bi-directional Relaying

In this paper, bi-directional traffic between two nodes communicating via a relay node is considered. A novel relaying method based on joint data packet encoding in conjunction with exploitation of a priori known information is presented. Moreover, a specially crafted method for combining of the direct and relayed radio signal is suggested. The proposed scheme enables a reduced number of transmissions, whereby enhancing aggregate throughput. Evaluation, where optimal power and rate settings are derived, shows that the proposed method enhances the throughput up to 33% as compared to a (traditional) four-phase bi-directional protocol under a system energy constraint, both with and without the proposed combining method
Identification of pH-sensing Sites in the Light Harvesting Complex Stress-related 3 Protein Essential for Triggering Non-photochemical Quenching in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii*

Light harvesting complex stress-related 3 (LHCSR3) is the protein essential for photoprotective excess energy dissipation (non-photochemical quenching, NPQ) in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Activation of NPQ requires low pH in the thylakoid lumen, which is induced in excess light conditions and sensed by lumen-exposed acidic residues. In this work we have used site-specific mutagenesis in vivo and in vitro for identification of the residues in LHCSR3 that are responsible for sensing lumen pH. Lumen-exposed protonatable residues, aspartate and glutamate, were mutated to asparagine and glutamine, respectively. By expression in a mutant lacking all LHCSR isoforms, residues Asp117, Glu221, and Glu224 were shown to be essential for LHCSR3-dependent NPQ induction in C. reinhardtii. Analysis of recombinant proteins carrying the same mutations refolded in vitro with pigments showed that the capacity of responding to low pH by decreasing the fluorescence lifetime, present in the wild-type protein, was lost. Consistent with a role in pH sensing, the mutations led to a substantial reduction in binding the NPQ inhibitor dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
Cost-effective gateway selection scheme for delay-tolerant data transmission in Internet of Things

Every connected smart object with sensors will be generating and transmitting data, hence a staggering amount of data needs to be collected and processed in the cloud. All these data must be sent to its application in a timely fashion. Depending on the types of application, some applications need real-time data while some can accommodate delay-tolerant data. However, although an application supports delay-tolerant data, the data still have to be sent before its delay is beyond tolerable. Our aim is to propose a mesh-type IoT gateways architecture which allows the gateways to aggregate bandwidth and provide a high-availability internet access to all the connected things. The objective of this work is to show that with the proposed architecture, IoT gateway selection scheme can be applied to reduce the WAN (Wide Area Network) data transfer cost. Data which can be delayed will be relayed to the cloud through the most cost-effective IoT gateway. We evaluated our architecture through simulations with various IoT gateway selection schemes using 3 different scenarios. Compared to direct transfer which only meets 65.8% of the data deadline, we are able to meet 98.6% of the data deadline and reduce the WAN cost by 5.74% under the normal scenario, when the average Internet connection speed is higher than the average data incoming rate.
Incident thromboembolism in the aorta and the renal, mesenteric, pelvic, and extremity arteries after discharge from the hospital with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND The impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on risk of peripheral arterial thromboembolism is unknown. METHODS We analyzed the risk of thromboembolism (embolus and/or thrombosis) in the aorta and the renal, mesenteric, pelvic, and extremity arteries in a cohort of patients discharged from the hospital with an incident diagnosis of AF relative to the risk of thromboembolism in these vessels in the Danish population. In a random sample of half of the Danish population, 14 917 men and 14 945 women aged 50 to 89 years were identified in the Danish National Hospital Discharge Register with a diagnosis of AF from January 1, 1980, through December 31, 1993. Patients were followed up from diagnosis of AF in the Danish National Hospital Discharge Register and the Causes of Death Register until the first diagnosis of a thromboembolic event, death, or the end of 1993. Risk of a thromboembolic event relative to the risk in the Danish population was analyzed by means of Poisson regression modeling. RESULTS Patients with a hospital diagnosis of AF had an increased risk of thromboembolic events in the aorta and the renal, mesenteric, pelvic, and extremity arteries (relative risk, 4.0 [95% confidence interval, 3.5-4.6] in men; and relative risk, 5.7 [95% confidence interval, 5.1-6.3] in women) compared with the Danish population. CONCLUSION A hospital diagnosis of AF is an important risk factor for peripheral arterial thromboembolic complications.
Application of the Nutrition Functional Diversity indicator to assess food system contributions to dietary diversity and sustainable diets of Malawian households

Abstract Objective Dietary diversity is associated with nutrient adequacy and positive health outcomes but indicators to measure diversity have focused primarily on consumption, rather than sustainable provisioning of food. The Nutritional Functional Diversity score was developed by ecologists to describe the contribution of biodiversity to sustainable diets. We have employed this tool to estimate the relative contribution of home production and market purchases in providing nutritional diversity to agricultural households in Malawi and examine how food system provisioning varies by time, space and socio-economic conditions. Design A secondary analysis of nationally representative household consumption data to test the applicability of the Nutritional Functional Diversity score. Setting The data were collected between 2010 and 2011 across the country of Malawi. Subjects Households (n 11 814) from predominantly rural areas of Malawi. Results Nutritional Functional Diversity varied demographically, geographically and temporally. Nationally, purchased foods contributed more to household nutritional diversity than home produced foods (mean score=17·5 and 7·8, respectively). Households further from roads and population centres had lower overall diversity (P<0·01) and accessed relatively more of their diversity from home production than households closer to market centres (P<0·01). Nutritional diversity was lowest during the growing season when farmers plant and tend crops (P<0·01). Conclusions The present analysis demonstrates that the Nutritional Functional Diversity score is an effective indicator for identifying populations with low nutritional diversity and the relative roles that markets, agricultural extension and home production play in achieving nutritional diversity. This information may be used by policy makers to plan agricultural and market-based interventions that support sustainable diets and local food systems.
Generalized scaling function at strong coupling

We considered folded spinning string in AdS5 × S5 background dual to the Tr(DSΦJ) operators of = 4 SYM theory. In the limit S,J → ∞ and l = (πJ)/(λ1/2 log S) fixed we compute the string energy with the 2-loop accuracy in the worldsheet coupling λ1/2 from the asymptotical Bethe ansatz. In the limit l → 0 the result is finite due to the massive cancelations with terms coming from the conjectured dressing phase. We also managed to compute all leading logarithm terms (l2m logn l)/(λn/2) to an arbitrary order in perturbation theory. In particular for m = 1 we reproduced results of Alday and Maldacena computed from a sigma model. The method developed in this paper could be used for a systematic expansion in 1/λ1/2 and also at weak coupling.
Oglala Women: Myth, Ritual, and Reality

Based on interviews and life histories collected over more than twenty-five years of study on the Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota, Marla N. Powers conveys what it means to be an Oglala woman. Despite the myth of the Euramerican that sees Oglala women as inferior to men, and the Lakota myth that seems them as superior, in reality, Powers argues, the roles of male and female emerge as complementary. In fact, she claims, Oglala women have been better able to adapt to the dominant white culture and provide much of the stability and continuity of modern tribal life. This rich ethnographic portrait considers the complete context of Oglala life religion, economics, medicine, politics, old age and is enhanced by numerous modern and historical photographs. "It is a happy event when a fine scholarly work is rendered accessible to the general reader, especially so when none of the complexity of the subject matter is sacrificed. "Oglala Women" is a long overdue revisionary ethnography of Native American culture. " Penny Skillman, "San Francisco Chronicle Review" "Marla N. Powers's fine study introduced me to Oglala women 'portrayed from the perspectives of "Indians," ' to women who did not pity themselves and want no pity from others. A brave, thorough, and stimulating book. " Melody Graulich, "Women's Review of Books" "Powers's new book is an intricate weaving . and her synthesis brings all of these pieces into a well-integrated and insightful whole, one which sheds new light on the importance of women and how they have adapted to the circumstances of the last century. " Elizabeth S. Grobsmith, "Nebraska History""
Does Adherence to Relationship Education Curriculum Relate to Participants' Outcomes?

This study explored the associations between leader adherence to a relationship education program, participant satisfaction, and participant outcomes (n! 559 participants). Participants were assessed pre, post, and at 6-month follow-up. Participants’ satisfaction ratings were positively associated with outcomes. Although adherence ratings were generally high, for participants who reported high levels of satisfaction with the training, there was a negative effect of strict adherence on relational outcomes. For participants who reported low levels of satisfaction with the training, there was a positive effect of strict adherence on relational outcomes. Implications for research and practice are provided.
Psychodynamic Techniques Related to Outcome for Anxiety Disorder Patients at Different Points in Treatment

Abstract Although psychodynamic therapy has a well-articulated model of therapeutic change for anxiety, few empirical studies have examined specific treatment interventions related to symptom improvement. We examined the degree of adherence to a psychodynamic model of therapy (Blagys and Hilsenroth [Clin Psychol 7:167–188, 2000) related to changes in anxiety symptoms across early treatment process. Secondary analyses also examined the use of specific psychodynamic techniques across early treatment process in relation to symptom change. The current study sought to extend the findings of Slavin-Mulford et al. (2011), who found a relationship between the use of psychodynamic techniques in the third session (independent clinical ratings) and reduction in anxiety symptoms at posttreatment (r = 0.46, p = 0.04). Using the same sample of anxiety disorder patients (N = 20), we found a significant relationship between psychodynamic technique and posttreatment change in anxiety symptoms at the ninth session (r = 0.49, p = 0.03) and the mean levels of psychodynamic technique across both third and ninth sessions (r = 0.53, p = 0.02). In addition, specific psychodynamic techniques demonstrated significant relationships or moderate to large effects with posttreatment changes in anxiety symptoms at the third and ninth sessions as well as mean ratings across early treatment (third and ninth sessions). These findings indicate that therapist focus on cyclical intrapersonal patterns in patient actions, feelings, or experience as well as suggestions of alternative ways to understand these experiences or events not previously recognized by the patient (i.e., interpretation) in the early treatment process were particularly helpful in reducing posttreatment anxiety symptoms. Clinical implications and areas for future research will be discussed.