Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Papio Cranium from the Hominin-Bearing Site of Malapa: Implications for the Evolution of Modern Baboon Cranial Morphology and South African Plio-Pleistocene Biochronology

A new partial cranium (UW 88-886) of the Plio-Pleistocene baboon Papio angusticeps from Malapa is identified, described and discussed. UW 88-886 represents the only non-hominin primate yet recovered from Malapa and is important both in the context of baboon evolution as well as South African hominin site biochronology. The new specimen may represent the first appearance of modern baboon anatomy and coincides almost perfectly with molecular divergence date estimates for the origin of the modern P. hamadryas radiation. The fact that the Malapa specimen is dated between ~2.026–2.36 million years ago (Ma) also has implications for the biochronology of other South African Plio-Pleistocene sites where P. angusticeps is found.
STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL TEKANAN KETAATAN DAN PERSONAL COST: DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP WHISTLEBLOWING

Whistleblowing is a disclosure of fraud that is done by member of an organization on an illegal practice which happen in an organization. The obedience pressure from wrongdoer to the whistleblower can affect the whistleblower in making decision to report the fraud actions. The presence of personal cost which can be either a sanction or an act of revenge also can be considered by the whistleblower in doing the whistleblowing. This research aims to examine the effect of the obedience pressure and personal cost to the intention of doing whistleblowing. This research was conducted in Satya Wacana Christian University's with undergraduate accounting students from the Business and Economy Faculty as the participants. This study used an experimental design 2x2 between subject which consist of 105 bachelor degree of accounting students whose role as a accounting staff, generated 56 data ready to be analyzed. The results show that: 1) in a low condition of obedience pressure, the intention to do whistleblowing is higher than in high condition of obedience pressure; 2) in a low condition of personal cost, the intention to do whistleblowing is higher than in high condition of personal cost; 3) group who received lower obedience pressure and lower personal cost have the intention of the highest to do whistleblowing.
Molecular Strain Typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a Review of Frequently Used Methods

Tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the most serious global health problems. Molecular typing of M. tuberculosis has been used for various epidemiologic purposes as well as for clinical management. Currently, many techniques are available to type M. tuberculosis. Choosing the most appropriate technique in accordance with the existing laboratory conditions and the specific features of the geographic region is important. Insertion sequence IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis is considered the gold standard for the molecular epidemiologic investigations of tuberculosis. However, other polymerase chain reaction-based methods such as spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping), which detects 43 spacer sequence-interspersing direct repeats (DRs) in the genomic DR region; mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units–variable number tandem repeats, (MIRU-VNTR), which determines the number and size of tandem repetitive DNA sequences; repetitive-sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR), which provides high-throughput genotypic fingerprinting of multiple Mycobacterium species; and the recently developed genome-based whole genome sequencing methods demonstrate similar discriminatory power and greater convenience. This review focuses on techniques frequently used for the molecular typing of M. tuberculosis and discusses their general aspects and applications.
Dynamic Capabilities and Where to Find Them

Despite its immense popularity, the dynamic capabilities framework faces fierce criticism because of the ambiguous and contradictory interpretations of dynamic capabilities. Especially challenging are the aspects related to the nature of dynamic capabilities and the issue of agency. In an attempt to avoid circular and overlapping definitions, I explicate dynamic capabilities as the regular actions of creating, extending, and modifying an organizational resource base. This implies that the individual’s intention to change the status quo in the organization and the individual’s high level of influence in the organization are necessary and sufficient conditions for dynamic capabilities. This approach overcomes challenges associated with current interpretations of dynamic capabilities, necessarily focusing on the actions and interactions of individuals in organizations. Following the micro-foundations movement, I present a multilevel approach for studying the individual-level causes and the firm-level effects of dynamic capabilities.
Emergency Department Performance Indexes Before and After Establishment of Emergency Medicine

Introduction: Emergency department performance index (EPI) greatly influences the function of other hospital’s units and patient satisfaction. Recently, the Iranian Ministry of Health has defined specific national EPI containing five indexes. In the present study the performance indexes of emergency department (ED) in one educational hospital has been assessed before and after establishment of emergency medicine. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study the ED of Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran was assessed during one-year period from March 2012 to February 2013. The study was divided into two six-month periods of before and after establishment of emergency medicine. Five performance indexes including: the percentage of patients were disposed during 6-hour, leaved the ED in a 12-hour, had unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitations (CPR), discharged against medical advice, and the mean time of triage were calculated using data of department of medical records on daily patients’ files. Then, Mann-Whitney U test was used to make comparisons at P<0.05. Results: The average triage time decreased from 6.04 minutes in the first six months to 1.5 minutes in the second six months (P=0.06). The percentage of patients leaving the ED in a 12-hour decreased from 97.3% to 90.4% (P=0.004). However, the percentage of disposed patients during 6-hour (P=0.2), unsuccessful CPR (P=0.34) and discharged against medical advice (P=0.42) did not differ between the two periods. Conclusion: It seems that establishment of emergency medicine could be able to improve ED performances indexes such as time to triage and leave in a 12-hour period.
Demographic and Substance Use Factors Associated with Non-Violent Alcohol-Related Injuries among Patrons of Australian Night-Time Entertainment Districts

This study examined the relationship between patron demographics, substance use, and experience of recent alcohol-related accidents and injuries that were not due to interpersonal violence in night-time entertainment districts. Cross-sectional interviews (n = 4016) were conducted around licensed venues in entertainment districts of five Australian cities. Demographic factors associated with non-violent alcohol-related injuries were examined, including gender, age, and occupation. The association between substance use on the night of interview; blood alcohol concentration (BAC), pre-drinking, energy drink consumption, and illicit drug use; and experience of injury was also explored. Thirteen percent of participants reported an alcohol-related injury within the past three months. Respondents aged younger than 25 years were significantly more likely to report an alcohol-related injury. Further, a significant occupation effect was found indicating the rate of alcohol-related injury was lower in managers/professionals compared to non-office workers. The likelihood of prior alcohol-related injury significantly increased with BAC, and self-reported pre-drinking, energy drink, or illicit drug consumption on the night of interview. These findings provide an indication of the demographic and substance use-related associations with alcohol-related injuries and, therefore, potential avenues of population-level policy intervention. Policy responses to alcohol-related harm must also account for an assessment and costing of non-violent injuries.
The impact of family medicine clerkships in undergraduate medical education: a systematic review

EURACT 2016 The impact of family medicine clerkships in undergraduate medical education: a systematic review Eralda Hegendörfera , Nele R. Michelsb, Kristin Hendrickxb and Roy Remmenb ainstitute of Health and Society, universite catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; bfaculty of medicine and Health Sciences, department of General Practice, university of antwerp, antwerp, Belgium
Active Tethered Pelvic Assist Device (A-TPAD) to study force adaptation in human walking

An active Tethered Pelvic Assist Device (A-TPAD) has been presented in this paper. TPAD is a cable robot for studying force adaptation in human walking by applying external forces and moments on the human pelvis. A two stage control strategy was implemented to apply the desired force-moment profile. The controller includes (i) a quadratic programming based optimization scheme, (ii) a real-time human motion monitoring system and (iii) a PID feedback loop to plan and implement the required cable tensions. The control strategy was validated first by testing it on a dummy pelvis setup. A pilot experiment was then conducted with a human walking on a treadmill with A-TPAD. The goal was to apply a vertical downward force vector equivalent to 10% of subject's body weight (BW) at the pelvis. Results showed that the applied vertical force was acting downwards over the full gait cycle and was between 8-13% of the BW. Other force-moment components were maintained within a specified range during the experiment. Increased foot pressure was reported in the presence of vertical force. In summary, A-TPAD provides the capability of applying and controlling a desired force-moment profile on the human pelvis over a gait cycle.
Analyzing Voting Behavior in Italian Parliament: Group Cohesion and Evolution

The roll calls of the Italian Parliament in the current legislature is studied by employing multidimensional scaling, hierarchical clustering, and network analysis. In order to detect changes in voting behavior, the roll calls have been divided in seven periods of six months each. All the methods employed pointed out an increasing fragmentation of the political parties endorsing the previous government that culminated in its downfall. By using the concept of modularity at different resolution levels, we identify the community structure of Parliament and its evolution in each of the time periods considered. The analysis performed revealed as a valuable tool in detecting trends and drifts of Parliamentarians. It showed its effectiveness at identifying political parties and at providing insights on the temporal evolution of groups and their cohesiveness, without having at disposal any knowledge about political membership of Representatives.
“ Dysregulation of Hydrogen Sulfide ( H 2 S ) Producing Enzyme Cystathionine γ-lyase ( CSE ) Contributes to Maternal Hypertension and Placental Abnormalities in Preeclampsia

To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Wang et al, who reported that the synthesis of the gasotransmitter H 2 S is impaired in preeclampsia and concluded that H 2 S may contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. H 2 S is only 1 of several contributors to the highly redox-sensitive labile sulfur pool comprising free H 2 S, acid-labile sulfide, and protein-associated labile sulfur (sulfane sulfur). The plasma H 2 S concentrations measured by Wang et al both in control and in preeclampsia patients deserve closer attention and discussion in the light of the current literature. Interference-free analytical methods, unified nomenclature, and explicit declaration of the measured labile sulfur species are of key importance in elucidating the physiology of endogenous H 2 S and the pharmacology of increasingly utilized H 2 S donors. Careful analysis of sulfur pools revealed actual human plasma concentrations of H 2 S in the lower nmol/L range, whereas higher plasma H 2 S concentrations are considered toxic. In the assay used by Wang et al, N,Ndimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) and FeCl 3 serve as reactants for the colorimetric estimation of H 2 S. DPD is a highly sensitive redoxactive compound (pH range, 1–10). Under the acidic conditions used to measure H 2 S by the DPD/FeCl 3 method, numerous reaction products may be formed from DPD in addition to methylene blue. H 2 S-unrelated, DPD-derived species likely contribute to H 2 S, thus yielding overestimated H 2 S concentrations. Implicit in the work of Wang et al is the notion that cystathionine γ-lyase is a major contributor to the labile sulfur pool. However, Shen et al showed that in cystathionine γ-lyase–knockout mice there is no decrease in plasma acid-labile bound sulfane sulfur, a marked decrease in free H 2 S and a small decrease in acid-labile sulfide. Overall, however, the decrease in total reactive sulfur is modest, a finding inconsistent with the H 2 S/cystathionine γ-lyase role in preeclampsia envisaged by Wang et al. In conclusion, H 2 S is an important gasotransmitter with multiple biological functions and H 2 S-releasing drugs are currently of particular pharmacological interest. H 2 S occurs in several forms in biological fluids, is derived from different pathways, and its actions are a matter of concentration and dose. Use of unified nomenclature and reliable analytic approaches for the measurement of H 2 S and its other forms will facilitate the elucidation of the biochemical fate and pharmacology of H 2 S and its relatives.
Role of Calcium in Activity and Stability of the Lactococcus lactis Cell Envelope Proteinase

ABSTRACT The mature lactococcal cell envelope proteinase (CEP) consists of an N-terminal subtilisin-like proteinase domain and a large C-terminal extension of unknown function whose far end anchors the molecule in the cell envelope. Different types of CEP can be distinguished on the basis of specificity and amino acid sequence. Removal of weakly bound Ca2+ from the native cell-bound CEP of Lactococcus lactis SK11 (type III specificity) is coupled with a significant reversible decrease in specific activity and a dramatic reversible reduction in thermal stability, as a result of which no activity at 25°C (pH 6.5) can be measured. The consequences of Ca2+ removal are less dramatic for the CEP of strain Wg2 (mixed type I-type III specificity). Autoproteolytic release of CEP from cells concerns this so-called “Ca-free” form only and occurs most efficiently in the case of the Wg2 CEP. The results of a study of the relationship between the Ca2+concentration and the stability and activity of the cell-bound SK11 CEP at 25°C suggested that binding of at least two Ca2+ ions occurred. Similar studies performed with hybrid CEPs constructed from SK11 and Wg2 wild-type CEPs revealed that the C-terminal extension plays a determinative role with respect to the ultimate distinct Ca2+ dependence of the cell-bound CEP. The results are discussed in terms of predicted Ca2+ binding sites in the subtilisin-like proteinase domain and Ca-triggered structural rearrangements that influence both the conformational stability of the enzyme and the effectiveness of the catalytic site. We argue that distinctive primary folding of the proteinase domain is guided and maintained by the large C-terminal extension.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics the Roles of Dynamical Variability and Aerosols in Cirrus Cloud Formation

The probability of occurrence of ice crystal number densities in young cirrus clouds is examined based on airborne measurements. The observations have been carried out at midlatitudes in both hemispheres at equivalent latitudes (52 − 55 • N/S) during the same season (local autumn in 2000). The in situ measurements considered in the present study include temperatures, vertical velocities, and total ice crystal concentrations, the latter determined with high precision and accuracy using a counterflow virtual impactor. Most young cirrus clouds typically contain high number densities (1−10 cm −3) of small (diameter < 20 µm) ice crystals. This mode dominates the probability distributions and is shown to be caused by rapid cooling rates associated with updraft speeds in the range 10 − 100 cm s −1. A second mode containing larger crystals extends from ∼ 1 cm −3 to low concentrations close to the detection threshold (∼ 3 × 10 −4 cm −3) and could be associated with lower updraft speeds. Results of a statistical analysis provide compelling evidence that the dy-namical variability of vertical air motions on the mesoscale is the key factor determining the observed probability distributions of pristine ice crystal concentrations in cirrus. Other factors considered are changes of temperature as well as size, number, and ice nucleation thresholds of the freezing aerosol particles. The variability in vertical velocities is caused by atmospheric gravity waves leading to small-scale temperature fluctuations. Inasmuch as gravity waves are widespread, mesoscale variability in vertical velocities can be viewed as a universal feature of young cirrus clouds. Large-scale models that do not account for this subgrid-scale variability yield erroneous predictions of the variability of basic cirrus cloud properties. Climate change may bring about changes in the global distribution of updraft speeds, mean air temperatures, and aerosol properties. As shown in this work, these changes could significantly modify the probability distribution of cir-rus ice crystal concentrations. This study emphasizes the key role of vertical velocities and mesoscale variability in vertical velocities in controlling cirrus properties. The results suggest that, in any effort to ascribe cause to trends of cirrus cloud properties, a careful evaluation of dynamical changes in cloud formation should be done before conclusions regarding the role of other anthropogenic factors, such as changes in aerosol composition, are made.
Sparse decomposition of stereo signals with Matching Pursuit and application to blind separation of more than two sources from a stereo mixture

We develop a method of sparse decomposition of stereo audio signals, and test its application to blind separation of more than two sources from only two linear mixtures. The decomposition is done in a stereo dictionary which we can define based on any standard time-frequency or time-scale dictionary, such as the multiscale Gabor dictionary. A decomposition of a stereo mixture in the dictionary is computed with a Matching Pursuit type algorithm called Stereo Matching Pursuit. We experiment an application to blind source separation with three (mono) sources mixed on two channels. We cluster the parameters of the stereo atoms of the decomposition to estimate the mixing parameters, and recover estimates. of the sources by a partial reconstruction using only the appropriate atoms of the decomposition. The method outperforms the best achievable linear demixing by 3 dB to more than 7 dB on our preliminary experiments, and its performance should increase as we let the number of iterations of the pursuit increase. Sample sound files can be found here: http://www.irisa. fr/metiss/gribonva/
A possible cyclotron resonance scattering feature near 0.7 keV in X1822-371

Context. The source X1822-371 is a low-mass X-ray binary system (LMXB) viewed at a high inclination angle. It hosts a neutron star with a spin period of ∼0.59 s, and recently, the spin period derivative was estimated to be (−2.43 ± 0.05) × 10 −12 s/s. Aims. Our aim is to address the origin of the large residuals below 0.8 keV previously observed in the XMM/EPIC-pn spectrum of X1822-371. Methods. We analyse all available X-ray observations of X1822-371 made with XMM-Newton, Chandra, Suzaku and INTEGRAL satellites. The observations were not simultaneous. The Suzaku and INTEGRAL broad band energy coverage allows us to constrain the spectral shape of the continuum emission well. We use the model already proposed for this source, consisting of a Comptonised component absorbed by interstellar matter and partially absorbed by local neutral matter, and we added a Gaussian feature in absorption at ∼0.7 keV. This addition significantly improves the fit and flattens the residuals between 0.6 and 0.8 keV. Results. We interpret the Gaussian feature in absorption as a cyclotron resonant scattering feature (CRSF) produced close to the neutron star surface and derive the magnetic field strength at the surface of the neutron star, (8.8 ± 0.3) × 10 10 Gf or ar adius of 10 km. We derive the pulse period in the EPIC-pn data to be 0.5928850(6) s and estimate that the spin period derivative of X1822-371 is (−2.55 ± 0.03) × 10 −12 s/s using all available pulse period measurements. Assuming that the intrinsic luminosity of X1822-371 is at the Eddington limit and using the values of spin period and spin period derivative of the source, we constrain the neutron star and
A Unified Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF Networks: Stability, Throughput, and Delay

In this paper, a unified analytical framework is established to study the stability, throughput, and delay performance of homogeneous buffered IEEE 802.11 networks with Distributed Coordination Function (DCF). Two steady-state operating points are characterized using the limiting probability of successful transmission of Head-of-Line (HOL) packets p given that the network is in unsaturated or saturated conditions. The analysis shows that a buffered IEEE 802.11 DCF network operates at the desired stable point p=pL if it is unsaturated. pL does not vary with backoff parameters, and a stable throughput can be always achieved at pL. If the network becomes saturated, in contrast, it operates at the undesired stable point p=pA, and a stable throughput can be achieved at pA if and only if the backoff parameters are properly selected. The stable regions of the backoff factor q and the initial backoff window size W are derived, and illustrated in cases of the basic access mechanism and the request-to-send/clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) mechanism. It is shown that the stable regions are significantly enlarged with the RTS/CTS mechanism, indicating that networks in the RTS/CTS mode are much more robust. Nevertheless, the delay analysis further reveals that lower access delay is incurred in the basic access mode for unsaturated networks. If the network becomes saturated, the delay performance deteriorates regardless of which mode is chosen. Both the first and the second moments of access delay at pA are sensitive to the backoff parameters, and shown to be effectively reduced by enlarging the initial backoff window size W.
Programming assistance based on contracts and modular verification in the automation domain

In industrial automation, control software often has to get changed and adapted by domain experts and end users who have no or only limited software development expertise. This results in high demands on programming environments with respect to supporting, guiding, and supervising the programming tasks. In this paper we present an approach based on model checking and artificial intelligence techniques to guide domain experts in building control software which is guaranteed to obey specified contracts and constraints. The work is based on Monaco which is a domain-specific language for programming automation solutions. As Monaco employs a hierarchical component approach, the verification is done hierarchically where an upper component is verified against the contracts of its subcomponents. The verification approach is leveraged in different programming support systems which give immediate feedback about valid and invalid programs in an integrated development environment.