Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Restricting Labor Mobility on Corporate Investment and Entrepreneurship

This paper examines how labor mobility restrictions like noncompete agreements affect firms' investment decisions. Using matched employee-employer data from LinkedIn, I show that increases in the enforceability of noncompete agreements lead to widespread declines in employee departures, specifically in knowledge-intensive occupations. Established firms that rely more on these knowledge-intensive occupations increase their investment rate in physical capital. However, new firm entry in corresponding sectors declines. I provide evidence for different mechanisms to explain these patterns. Together, the findings show that labor frictions play an important role in investment decisions.
Band gap grading of a–SiO x :H and its effect on the performance of thin film solar cells

Solar cells are showing significant promise to become the solution for the growing energy needs of our world. However for this to happen, new disruptive technologies with high efficiency and low cost are needed in the market. One possibility comes from multijunction thin film solar cells based on a-Si alloys and nc-Si. For this purpose a–SiOx:H is an interesting material since it can have VOC values above 1 V and FF above 0.7. However when paired in a tandem structure with a material of an advantageous bandgap, like nc-Si:H. The performance of the tandem solar is limited in output current by the a–SiOx:H layer. Research to increase JSC by increasing thickness of the absorber layer show it is not practical to increase the thickness of i-a–SiOx:H above 250 nm. Spillover knowledge from other thin film solar cells (GaAs, a-SiGex and CIGS), showed bandgap grading was able to increase performance of the electrical parameters. Grading in a solar cell means that in one of the layers a material property is varied continuously in concentration in order to achieve a different performance. Our aim was to experiment with bandgap grading in the absorber layer of a–SiOx:H solar cells, to try to achieve a higher JSC while still retaining the high VOC x FF product. Test layers were deposited at different CO2/SiH4 ratios to determine the dependence of the bandgap (E04) and the deposition rate on the CO2/SiH4 ratio. With the experimental data and fitted polynomial equations a method was devised to vary continuously the bandgap in a step wise manner. Using this grading method, experiments were designed where the intrinsic a–SiOx:H layer of a total length of 200 nm was subdivided in 3 graded bandgap regions. The first graded region named p-i started from the end of the p-layer with a high bandgap (2.1 eV). Decreasing the bandgap over a certain length until reaching a region with no added oxygen with a low bandgap (1.96 eV.) From here the central i region started, maintaining a constant bandgap for a certain length until the bandgap starts increasing again. This marks the 3rd region called i-n, where the bandgap continues to increase over a certain width until reaching 2.1 eV at the beginning of the n-layer. Graded experimental cells results showed that it was beneficial to have a small graded region width in the p-i and i-n region (10-30 nm). Since with this grading length JSC could be increased significantly (8% increase) from reference cell values without grading performed. However a small compromise in a drop of VOC and FF values around (1-2%) was observed at the same time from reference cell values. The gains in JSC are bigger than the loss of VOC x FF product and result in a relative efficiency gain of (4-5%) from reference cell. This technique paired with other cutting edge techniques to increase photocurrent can lead to a new record for an a–SiOx:H thin film solar cell. Or it can lead to better current matching in tandem or triple junction solar cells.
25 . Dark matter 1 25 . DARK MATTER

The existence of Dark (i.e., non-luminous and non-absorbing) Matter (DM) is by now well established [1,2]. The earliest, and perhaps still most convincing, evidence for DM came from the observation that various luminous objects (stars, gas clouds, globular clusters, or entire galaxies) move faster than one would expect if they only felt the gravitational attraction of other visible objects. An important example is the measurement of galactic rotation curves. The rotational velocity v of an object on a stable Keplerian orbit with radius r around a galaxy scales like v(r) ∝ √
Infant feeding method and obesity: body mass index and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements at 9-10 y of age from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

BACKGROUND Previous studies reported inconsistent associations between breastfeeding and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2). Associations with body fatness are unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association of breastfeeding with fatness measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. DESIGN The prospective cohort study involved 4325 singletons with measurements at 9-10 y of age to assess the main outcomes of BMI and total and trunk fat masses. RESULTS Prevalence of any breastfeeding was 82%. In crude analyses, breastfeeding was inversely associated with total fat mass [% change per category increase (4 categories)] in breastfeeding duration (-4.4%; 95% CI: -3.1%, -5.6%) and trunk fat mass (-0.5%; 95% CI: -1.1%, 0.1%); the odds of adiposity were measured by total [odds ratio (OR): 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.88] and trunk (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.84) fat masses in the top decile. In adjusted models, the inverse association of breastfeeding with mean total fat mass was attenuated by 59% (% change per category increase in breastfeeding duration: -1.8%; 95% CI: -0.5%, -3.1%), but associations with trunk fat mass (% change per category increase in breastfeeding duration: -0.6%; 95% CI: 0.0%, -1.3%) and the ORs for total (0.76; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.84) and trunk (0.74; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.81) fat masses in the top decile were little altered. Children breastfed >or=6 mo had the lowest odds of total fat mass in the top decile (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.62). In multivariate models, there was little evidence that breastfeeding was associated with mean or threshold values of BMI. CONCLUSIONS The protective association of breastfeeding with mean total fat mass was attenuated somewhat after adjustment for confounders, which indicated that confounding may explain this association. Breastfeeding may protect against obesity if maintained for >or=6 mo.
Effect of phyllanthus niruri on metabolic parameters of patients with kidney stone: a perspective for disease prevention

ABSTRACT Phyllanthus niruri (P.niruri) or stone breaker is a plant commonly used to reduce stone risk, however, clinical studies on this issue are lacking. Objective: To prospectively evaluate the effect of P. niruri on the urinary metabolic parameters of patients with urinary lithiasis. Materials and Methods: We studied 56 patients with kidney stones <10mm. Clinical, metabolic, and ultrasonography assessment was conducted before (baseline) the use of P. niruri infusion for 12-weeks (P. niruri) and after a 12-week (wash out) Statistical analysis included ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey's/McNemar's test for categorical variables. Significance was set at 5%. Results: Mean age was 44±9.2 and BMI was 27.2±4.4kg/m2. Thirty-six patients (64%) were women. There were no significant changes in all periods for anthropometric and several serum measurements, including total blood count, creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium, calcium, urine volume and pH; a significant increase in urinary potassium from 50.5±20.4 to 56.2±21.8 mg/24-hour (p=0.017); magnesium/creatinine ratio 58±22.5 to 69.1±28.6mg/gCr24-hour (p=0.013) and potassium/creatinine ratio 39.3±15.1 to 51.3±34.7mg/gCr24-hour (p=0.008) from baseline to wash out. The kidney stones decreased from 3.2±2 to 2.0±2per patient (p<0.001). In hyperoxaluria patients, urinary oxalate reduced from 59.0±11.7 to 28.8±16.0mg/24-hour (p=0.0002), and in hyperuricosuria there was a decrease in urinary uric acid from 0.77±0.22 to 0.54±0.07mg/24-hour (p=0.0057). Conclusions: P.niruri intake is safe and does not cause significant adverse effects on serum metabolic parameters. It increases urinary excretion of magnesium and potassium caused a significant decrease in urinary oxalate and uric acid in patients with hyperoxaluria and hyperuricosuria. The consumption of P.niruri contributed to the elimination of urinary calculi.
Trap characterization by gate-drain conductance and capacitance dispersion studies of an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistor

Gate-drain capacitance and conductance measurements were performed on an Al0.15Ga0. 85N/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistor to study the effects of trap states on frequency-dependent device characteristics. By varying the measurement frequency in addition to the bias applied to the gate, the density and time constants of the trap states have been determined as functions of gate bias. Detailed analysis of the frequency-dependent capacitance and conductance data was performed assuming models in which traps are present at the heterojunction (interface traps), in the AlGaN barrier layer (bulk traps), and at the gate contact (metal–semiconductor traps). Bias-dependent measurements were performed at voltages in the vicinity of the transistor threshold voltage, yielding time constants on the order of 1 μs and trap densities of approximately 1012 cm−2 eV−1.
Evaluation of the Learning Environment for Diploma in Family Medicine with the Dundee Ready Education Environment (DREEM) Inventory

The primary healthcare system is at a turning point in Saudi Arabia. However, the sustainability of family medicine as the core element of that system is increasingly being called into question because of lack of family physicians. In keeping view this problem; a postgraduate diploma program in family medicine has started in 2008. A validated measure of educational environment i.e., Dundee Ready Education Environment (DREEM) questionnaire consisting of 50 questions having five domains of perception was administered to all 13 trainees of the diploma course at the completion of the program to check their perception about learning evironment. The trainees comprised of 4 males (40%) and 6 females (60%). The overall score showed more positive than negative side (147/200). There is no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean scores of five different domains of perception. The subclasses of five domains showed that teaching perceived as positive by 50%, moving towards right direction by 80%, feeling more positive by 50%, positive attitude by 80% and the 70% scored the course as not too bad. The overall high score and positive attitude towards the course assures the better teaching environment. However, there are areas to improve and it requires continuous evaluation.
Strain Specific Genotype−Environment Interactions and Evolutionary Potential for Body Mass in Brook Charr (Salvelinus fontinalis)

Discriminating between genetic and environmental causes of phenotypic variation is an essential requirement for understanding the evolutionary potential of populations. However, the extent to which genetic variation differs among conspecific groups and environments during ontogeny has rarely been investigated. In this study, the genetic basis of body mass was measured in three divergent strains of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) in different rearing environments and at different time periods. The results indicate that body mass was a heritable trait in all strains but that the level of heritability greatly differed among strains. Moreover, heritability estimates of each strain varied differently according to environmental rearing conditions, and cross-environments correlations were all significantly lower than unity, indicating strain-specific patterns of genotype–environment interactions. Heritability estimates also varied throughout ontogeny and decreased by 50% from 9 to 21 months of age. This study highlights the divergence in genetic architecture and evolutionary potential among these strains and emphasizes the importance of considering the strain-specific potential of the response to selection according to environmental variation.
Evaluation of antidepressant-like effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Passiflora incarnata in animal models of depression in male mice

Introduction: Passiflora incarnata (PI) is one of the commonest herbal anti-anxiety and sedative agents. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antidepressant effect of hydroalcoholic extract of PI in forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in male mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8: Negative and positive control groups received normal saline (10 ml/kg), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) and imipramine (30 mg/kg), respectively and treatment groups received extracts of PI (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg). Immobility, swimming and climbing behaviors were recorded during 6-min. Results: All doses of PI extract compared to control group significantly reduced the duration of immobility time in both of two tests (p<0.001). Also, these extracts increased swimming time (p<0.001) without significant change of climbing time. Conclusion: PI has considerable antidepressant-like effect in animal models of depression. However, further studies are needed to determine its exact mechanism of action.
A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Load-Control Event Package

This specification defines a load-control event package for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). It allows SIP entities to distribute load-filtering policies to other SIP entities in the network. The load-filtering policies contain rules to throttle calls from a specific user or based on their source or destination domain, telephone number prefix. The mechanism helps to prevent signaling overload and complements feedback-based SIP overload control efforts.
Protective Effect of Abana, a Poly-herbal Formulation, on Isoproterenol- induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats

SUMMARY Objective: To find out the possible role of lipid peroxidation and glutathione in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction and the protective role of Abana, a polyherbal drug. Methods: The effect of Abana pretreatment (75 mg/100 g) for a period of 60 days on isoproterenol (20 mg/100 g s.c. twice at an interval of 24 hrs) induced lipid peroxidation was studied in rats. Marker enzymes levels such as creatinine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were assessed in serum and heart homogenate. Glutathione content and lipid peroxide levels were also estimated. Results: In isoproterenol administered rats, a significant decrease was observed in the levels of marker enzymes in the heart with a corresponding increase in their levels in serum. Lipid peroxide level measured in terms of “TBA reactants” increased significantly in serum and heart. In rats pretreated with Abana, the alterations observed in the marker enzymes and lipid peroxide level were minimum on isoproterenol administration, and the levels were retained at near normal values. Conclusion: Abana pretreatment may offer protection in experimental myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol.
Photophysics and Thermoquemistry of 1-8- Naphthalimide in solvents

In the scope of a Sequential QM-MM approximation [1], we investigated the solvent effect on the conformational and electronic structure of 1-8-Naphthalimide in both ground and excited states. We obtained the optimized structure of 1-8Naphthalimide in acetonitrile, ethanol and water, in ground and in the first excited state. Then we computed the absorption and fluorescence spectra using CASPT2 and TD-DFT approximations. Our absorption results show a solvatocromic deviation of the first absorption band from acetonitrile (331nm) to water phase (343nm) of 12 nm, that is in good agreement with experimental results [2]. In the excited state we tested two different hypothesis for the lifetime of the excitation: (a) a short lifetime, when the solute goes to excited state and the solvent does not have time to relax; (b) a long lifetime, when solute and solvent are both relaxed in the excited state. We found a good agreement between the computed emission energies and experimental results in the first hypothesis for acetonitrile and ethanol, and in the second hypothesis for water. This is reasonable since it was recently revealed by experimentalists [2] that the excited state of 1-8-Naphthalimide has a short lifetime in acetonitrile and ethanol, and a long lifetime in water (2.3ps). Especially in water, it is found in literature an interesting contradiction. Manna A. and Chakravorti S. (2009) [2] disagreed from Samanta et al. (1996) [3] about the protonation state of 1-8-Naphthalimide. Both are experimental results, and there is no theoretical study about this case in literature. In this context we also studied the unprotonated form of 1-8-Naphthalimide in water. From theoretical spectroscopy we found that is not possible to differentiate between neutral and unprotonated form, both has similar absorption and emission spectra. Otherwise we calculate the standard deprotonation free energy of 1-8-Naphthalimide in water and the pKa in ground and first excited states, with Free Energy Perturbation theory in Monte Carlo simulations. We obtained a pKa=9.17±1.0Kcal/mol for ground state and pka=-3.84±1.4Kcal/mol for excited state. This means that 1-8-Naphthalimide is probably neutral in ground state and unprotonated in first excited state. Now we are doing some spectroscopic experiments in different ph to validate our theoretical results. All quantum mechanics calculations was carried out in Molcas 8.0 and Gaussian g09, and the Monte Carlo simulations was performed in Dice program [4]. Key-words: 1-8-Naphthalimide, Photophysics, Thermoquemistry, QM/MM. Support: This work has been supported by CAPES agency. 12 a 17/Nov, 2017, Águas de Lindóia/SP, Brasil
Effect of traffic self-similarity on network performance

Recent measurements of network traffic have shown that self- similarity is an ubiquitous phenomenon present in both local area and wide area traffic traces. In previous work, we have shown a simple, robust application layer causal mechanism of traffic self-similarity, namely, the transfer of files in a network system where the file size distributions are heavy- tailed. In this paper, we study the effect of scale- invariant burstiness on network performance when the functionality of the transport layer and the interaction of traffic sources sharing bounded network resources is incorporated. First, we show that transport layer mechanisms are important factors in translating the application layer causality into link traffic self-similarity. Network performance as captured by throughput, packet loss rate, and packet retransmission rate degrades gradually with increased heavy-tailedness while queueing delay, response time, and fairness deteriorate more drastically. The degree to which heavy-tailedness affects self-similarity is determined by how well congestion control is able to shape a source traffic into an on-average constant output stream while conserving information. Second, we show that increasing network resources such as link bandwidth and buffer capacity results in a superlinear improvement in performance. When large file transfers occur with nonnegligible probability, the incremental improvement in throughput achieved for large buffer sizes is accompanied by long queueing delays vis-a- vis the case when the file size distribution is not heavy- tailed. Buffer utilization continues to remain at a high level implying that further improvement in throughput is only achieved at the expense of a disproportionate increase in queueing delay. A similar trade-off relationship exists between queueing delay and packet loss rate, the curvature of the performance curve being highly sensitive to the degree of self-similarity. Third, we investigate the effect of congestion control on network performance when subject to highly self-similar traffic conditions. We implement an open-loop congestion control using unreliable transport on top of UDP where the data stream is throttled at the source to achieve a fixed arrival rate. Decreasing the arrival rate results in a decline in packet loss rate whereas link utilization increases. In the context of reliable communication, we compare the performance of three versions of TCP--Reno, Tahoe, and Vegas--and we find that sophistication of control leads to improved performance that is preserved even under highly self-similar traffic conditions. The performance gain from Tahoe to Reno is relatively minor while the performance jump from TCP Reno to Vegas is more pronounced consistent with quantitative results reported elsewhere.
Multidimensional Neuroanatomical Subtyping of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with multiple biological etiologies and highly variable symptoms. Using a novel analytical framework that integrates cortex‐wide MRI markers of vertical (i.e., thickness, tissue contrast) and horizontal (i.e., surface area, geodesic distance) cortical organization, we could show that a large multi‐centric cohort of individuals with ASD falls into 3 distinctive anatomical subtypes (ASD‐I: cortical thickening, increased surface area, tissue blurring; ASD‐II: cortical thinning, decreased distance; ASD‐III: increased distance). Bootstrap analysis indicated a high consistency of these biotypes across thousands of simulations, while analysis of behavioral phenotypes and resting‐state fMRI showed differential symptom load (i.e., Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; ADOS) and instrinsic connectivity anomalies in communication and social‐cognition networks. Notably, subtyping improved supervised learning approaches predicting ADOS score in single subjects, with significantly increased performance compared to a subtype‐blind approach. The existence of different subtypes may reconcile previous results so far not converging on a consistent pattern of anatomical anomalies in autism, and possibly relate the presence of diverging corticogenic and maturational anomalies. The high accuracy for symptom severity prediction indicates benefits of MRI biotyping for personalized diagnostics and may guide the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
Adsorption of small NaCl clusters on surfaces of silicon nanostructures

We have studied possible adsorption geometries of neutral NaCl clusters on the disordered surface of a large silicon model tip used in non-contact atomic force microscopy. The minima hopping method was used to determine low energy model tip configurations as well as ground state geometries of isolated NaCl clusters. The combined system was treated with density functional theory. Alkali halides have proven to be strong structure seekers and tend to form highly stable ground state configurations whenever possible. The favored adsorption geometry for four Na and four Cl atoms was found to be an adsorption of four NaCl dimers due to the formation of Cl–Si bonds. However, for larger NaCl clusters, the increasing energy required to dissociate the cluster into NaCl dimers suggests that adsorption of whole clusters in their isolated ground state configuration is preferred.