Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 and nitric oxide in experience-dependent plasticity and memory formation

Neocortical and hippocampal synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) initially requires the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1, while late-phase LTP depends upon nitric oxide synthase (NOS). To investigate whether this was relevant to in vivo ED potentiation, GluR1 and/or NOS knockout mice were deprived of all whiskers but the D1 to induce barrel cortex synaptic potentiation, which was quantified by single unit recordings. In deprived cortex, D1 whisker responses potentiated approximately 40% less in GluR1 and NOS3 knockout mice than wild-type mice. Potentiation in the NOS1 knockout was influenced by gender; female NOS1 knockout potentiation was similar to wild-types, yet was absent in male NOS1 knockout mice. The ED potentiation in GluR1 knockout mice was dependent upon NOS, supporting LTP studies. However, NOS1 was more important for potentiation. Thus, while potentiation occurred in the GluR1/NOS3 double knockout mice, it was completely absent in the GluR1/NOS1 double knockout. To determine the interaction between GluR1 and NO activity in memory, behavioural studies examined their impact on spatial and contextual memory. The results partly confirmed earlier findings that retention of contextual fear conditioning was sensitive to GluR1 deletion. However, this was only the case in male GluR1 knockout mice. Female GluR1 KO mice were unimpaired. In a spatial radial arm watermaze task, GluR1 knockout mice acquired the location of a submerged platform more slowly than wild-types. Nevertheless, spatial reference memory was comparable to wild-type mice at the end of training and was not influenced by gender. In contrast to predictions, GluR1-indepdnent reference memory was not dependent upon NOS. Therefore while emotional learning requires GluR1 in male mice, spatial reference memory can form in its absence in both genders and is insensitive to NOS antagonism.
Significance of Impaired Serum Gelatinases Activities in Metabolic Syndrome

Introduction: A consortium of metabolic risk factors accelerate the onset of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and certain cancers. Proteolytic enzymes like matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are regulated by a group of endogenous proteins called tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP). These TIMPs binds to active and alternate sites of activated MMPs and facilitate regulation. Impaired expression of MMPs may have a significant contribution in the pathogenesis of many tissues-destructive processes like tumor progression and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Materials and Methods: This case control study lays stress on the possible role of impaired levels of circulating MMP-2 and 9 in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The age, sex-matched 388 subjects with 190 newly diagnosed patients, and 198 healthy controls were recruited. To screen the patients with MetS, biochemical analysis of patients for impaired glucose level, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), and lipid profile was performed. The circulating level of MMP-2 and -9 in serum was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in all patients and control. Results: All metabolic risk factors were statistically significant (P < 0.01) in patients against control group. The serum MMP-2 and -9 level was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in patients having MetS as compared with control group. Conclusions: Similar trend was observed in gender wise analysis of serum MMP level. Higher MMP level alteration observed in male patients as compared with female patients.
Lightning induced voltages on low-voltage lines with different configurations

Lightning overvoltages originated both on the primary and secondary circuits can lead to distribution transformer failures and to damages to the customer's sensitive electronic equipment as well. In view of the possibility that an important part of such problems may be associated with the so-called low-side surge phenomena, this paper analyses the characteristics of lightning induced overvoltages on secondary networks. The calculations are performed through the use of the “Extended Rusck Model” (ERM) and the surges are evaluated considering different topologies for the low-voltage network. The high frequency behaviors of loads and distribution transformer are taken into account and the influences of parameters such as the stroke current front time and the ground resistance are investigated, as well as the effect of the presence of surge protective devices at different points of the low-voltage line.
Paired Conversations of Adult Museum Visitors in Front of Works of Art.

interpretation talk refers to meaning-making talk, that is, the kind of talk that occurred when participants made imaginative, emotional, or assumptive interpretations about the artworks with a brief connection to individual observation and with no explicit background information or knowledge. The single property of abstract interpretation talk is meanings of the artworks. The corresponding dimensionalized properties are related to response, related to titles, interpreted as seen, or about relationship between the two artworks, and included statements like, “it could be a summer-winter kind of theme,” “. I think that the artist was trying to give you the feeling of upward motion and flight,” and “It reminds me of different feelings. different emotions that people go though. ” Category 4: Personal Engagement Talk The category personal engagement talk refers to language that connects the artworks to personal experiences and perspectives. It includes the properties of personal life experience and previous knowledge from other media. Dimensionalized properties of personal life experience are personal past activity, someone’s story, and previous museum visits. Comments like, “I am
Building Learning Communities in Cyberspace

Building Learning Communities in Cyberspace RENA A. PALLOFF AND KEITH PRATT Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco 1999 Paperback: $33.00 ISBN 0-7879-4460-2 The authors of Building Learning Communities in Cyberspace, Rena Palloff and Keith Pratt, describe the book as "Effective Strategies for the Online Classroom". For me, it was the end of a three-year quest into research, journals, books, conferences, workshops, and list serves for a body of wisdom on this topic. It clearly and succinctly encapsulates both a solid research-based theoretical foundation and direct application of those theories through a step-by-step guidance process. Palloff is an assistant professor at John F. Kennedy University and has been working extensively in health care, academic settings and addition treatment for over twenty years. Pratt is chair of the Management Information Systems Program, main campus and overseas at Ottawa University in Ottawa, Kansas. Since 1994, PaIIoff and Pratt have been pursuing their own individual career paths and have collaboratively conducted research and training in electronic distance education. Right from the beginning, the authors build a strong case for saying that the successful online course does not just modify and present the face-to-face course in a new form. After discussion of how the new paradigm for learning "involves a more active collaborative, constructivist approach," the authors explain that the "learning community is the vehicle through which learning occurs online" (p.29). Most contemporary leaders in the field of online education agree that the success or failure of an online course is largely based on the degree to which the participants sense connectivity and community that "allows participants to feel, when they enter a discussion forum in a course site, that they have entered a lively, active conversation. " (p.11) What makes this book stand out is that although the authors are in agreement with the significance of this pillar of distance education, they present a well-reasoned, logically sequenced case of theory based upon research and experience so that the reader will share in their depth of understanding. However, just when the reader might agree but be ready to say, "That's too much work" or "That's not my teaching style"; the authors offer easily adoptable suggestions, examples and 'doable' tips which any conscientious instructor would find enticing. The book is divided into two parts. "Part One: The Learning Community in Cyberspace" is an extremely thorough overview of the issues involved at all levels of teaching and learning outside the classroom. As this section explores definitions, concerns, psychological issues relating to responsibilities, rules, norms, vulnerability, ethics, even time factors, group size, and managing the technology; the authors' teaching area helps add a refreshing dimension by interspersing relevant comments from their students who are analyzing organizational behavior and their online community experiences. …
Agenda setting in the German Bundestag: A weak government in a consensus democracy

Government agenda-setting rights in the Bundestag are weak. The theoretical part of this article discusses various aspects of agenda setting and their theoretical relevance in the context of the Bundestag. It will be argued that analyses of agenda setting should distinguish between two analytical foci, one concentrating on policy effects in the context of spatial models, the other analysing executive–legislative relations in the broader context of political competition. In addition, agenda setting among veto players should be distinguished from agenda setting between veto players and non-veto players. While the article's theoretical part drives the subsequent empirical analysis, readers more interested in the empirical aspects of agenda setting in the Bundestag may wish to turn directly to the article's second section, which provides an empirical and descriptive account of the formal rules of agenda setting in the Bundestag. In this part, it will be argued that the weakness of the government under the Bundestag's first permanent rules of procedure introduced in the early 1950s can be explained by historic circumstances. Since then, party system characteristics and the strong role of the Bundesrat have made it unattractive for the federal government to seek increased agenda control in the Bundestag. Overall, agenda setting rules in the Bundestag underscore the characterisation of Germany as a consensus democracy.
The Pedagogical Value of Papers: a Collaborative-Filtering based Paper Recommender

In this paper we discuss the pedagogical features necessary to make appropriate recommendations of papers to students in an e-learning domain. Analyzing data collected in a human subject study several characteristics of learners and of papers are found that are important to making good recommendations. These pedagogical features distinguish e-learning domains from many commercial domains where the only key factor is a user’s likes and dislikes.
Low caloric intake is associated with nosocomial bloodstream infections in patients in the medical intensive care unit*

ObjectiveTo determine whether caloric intake is associated with risk of nosocomial bloodstream infection in critically ill medical patients. DesignProspective cohort study. SettingUrban, academic medical intensive care unit. PatientsPatients were 138 adult patients who did not take food by mouth for ≥96 hrs after medical intensive care unit admission. MeasurementsDaily caloric intake was recorded for each patient. Participants subsequently were grouped into one of four categories of caloric intake: <25%, 25–49%, 50–74%, and ≥75% of average daily recommended calories based on the American College of Chest Physicians guidelines. Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and serum albumin were measured on medical intensive care unit admission. Serum glucose (average value and maximum value each day) and route of feeding (enteral, parenteral, or both) were collected daily. Nosocomial bloodstream infections were identified by infection control surveillance methods. Main ResultsThe overall mean (±sd) daily caloric intake for all study participants was 49.4 ± 29.3% of American College of Chest Physicians guidelines. Nosocomial bloodstream infection occurred in 31 (22.4%) participants. Bivariate Cox analysis revealed that receiving ≥25% of recommended calories compared with <25% was associated with significantly lower risk of bloodstream infection (relative hazard, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.10–0.60). Simplified Acute Physiology Score II also was associated with risk of nosocomial bloodstream infection (relative hazard, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.60). Average daily serum glucose, admission serum albumin, time to initiating nutritional support, and route of nutrition did not affect risk of bloodstream infection. After adjustment for Simplified Acute Physiology Score II in a multivariable analysis, receiving ≥25% of recommended calories was associated with a significantly lower risk of bloodstream infection (relative hazard, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.11–0.68). ConclusionsIn the context of reducing risk of nosocomial bloodstream infections, failing to provide ≥25% of the recommended calories may be harmful. Higher caloric goals may be necessary to achieve other clinically important outcomes.
Se p 20 06 On the Optimality of Quantum Encryption Schemes

It is well known that n bits of entropy are necessary and sufficient to perfectly encrypt n bits (one-time pad). Even if we allow the encryption to be approximate, the amount of entropy needed doesn’t asymptotically change. However, this is not the case when we are encrypting quantum bits. For the perfect encryption of n quantum bits, 2n bits of entropy are necessary and sufficient (quantum one-time pad), but for approximate encryption one asymptotically needs only n bits of entropy. In this paper, we provide the optimal trade-off between the approximation measure ǫ and the amount of classical entropy used in the encryption of single quantum bits. Then, we consider n-qubit encryption schemes which are a composition of independent singlequbit ones and provide the optimal schemes both in the 2and the ∞-norm. Moreover, we provide a counterexample to show that the encryption scheme of Ambainis-Smith [3] based on small-bias sets does not work in the ∞-norm.
AUTOREB: Automatically Understanding the Review-to-Behavior Fidelity in Android Applications

Along with the increasing popularity of mobile devices, there exist severe security and privacy concerns for mobile apps. On Google Play, user reviews provide a unique understanding of security/privacy issues of mobile apps from users' perspective, and in fact they are valuable feedbacks from users by considering users' expectations. To best assist the end users, in this paper, we automatically learn the security/privacy related behaviors inferred from analysis on user reviews, which we call review-to-behavior fidelity. We design the system AUTOREB that automatically assesses the review-to-behavior fidelity of mobile apps. AUTOREB employs the state-of-the-art machine learning techniques to infer the relations between users' reviews and four categories of security-related behaviors. Moreover, it uses a crowdsourcing approach to automatically aggregate the security issues from review-level to app-level. To our knowledge, AUTOREB is the first work that explores the user review information and utilizes the review semantics to predict the risky behaviors at both review-level and app-level. We crawled a real-world dataset of 2,614,186 users, 12,783 apps and 13,129,783 reviews from Google play, and use it to comprehensively evaluate AUTOREB. The experiment result shows that our method can predict the mobile app behaviors at user-review level with accuracy as high as 94.05%, and also it can predict the security issues at app-level by aggregating the predictions at review-level. Our research offers an insight into understanding the mobile app security concerns from users' perspective, and helps bridge the gap between the security issues and users' perception.
Conjunctival allergen challenge. A clinical approach to studying allergic conjunctivitis.

To evaluate antiallergic agents, we conducted five allergen challenge studies of increasing refinement. The final study design that evolved included two baseline visits, when skin test-positive subjects were administered a bilateral ocular allergen challenge. At the first visit, the threshold dose of reactivity was determined by increasing allergen doses at 10-minute intervals. At the second baseline visit, 3 days later, the responsive subjects were challenged with the final, highest dose used on visit 1 to assure that the allergic reaction was reproducible and not a cumulative effect of multiple allergen doses. The responsive subjects then returned 3 days later for the drug efficacy evaluation. After a slit-lamp examination, subjects were pretreated with the test drug in one eye and the placebo in the fellow eye in a randomized, double-masked fashion. After 10 minutes, subjects were challenged bilaterally with the allergen dose identified on the previous visits. Postchallenge evaluations of hyperemia, itching, chemosis, eyelid swelling, and tearing were performed at 3, 10, and 20 minutes. Subjects were rechallenged 4 hours after drug administration to assess duration of action. Slit-lamp examinations were again performed at the same intervals as after the initial challenge. A total of 396 subjects were given a baseline allergen challenge; 83.6% responded with a moderate (2+) ocular allergic reaction. Of the 266 given a second baseline challenge, 87.2% responded positively again, suggesting that ocular challenge was highly correlated with skin reactivity and reproducible with a second challenge. No statistically significant difference in redness and itching was found when both eyes were challenged with the same dose of allergen. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
IP3 Receptor-Mediated Calcium Signaling and Its Role in Autophagy in Cancer

Calcium ions (Ca2+) play a complex role in orchestrating diverse cellular processes, including cell death and survival. To trigger signaling cascades, intracellular Ca2+ is shuffled between the cytoplasm and the major Ca2+ stores, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mitochondria, and the lysosomes. A key role in the control of Ca2+ signals is attributed to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs), the main Ca2+-release channels in the ER. IP3Rs can transfer Ca2+ to the mitochondria, thereby not only stimulating core metabolic pathways but also increasing apoptosis sensitivity and inhibiting basal autophagy. On the other hand, IP3-induced Ca2+ release enhances autophagy flux by providing cytosolic Ca2+ required to execute autophagy upon various cellular stresses, including nutrient starvation, chemical mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibition, or drug treatment. Similarly, IP3Rs are able to amplify Ca2+ signals from the lysosomes and, therefore, impact autophagic flux in response to lysosomal channels activation. Furthermore, indirect modulation of Ca2+ release through IP3Rs may also be achieved by controlling the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPases Ca2+ pumps of the ER. Considering the complex role of autophagy in cancer development and progression as well as in response to anticancer therapies, it becomes clear that it is important to fully understand the role of the IP3R and its cellular context in this disease. In cancer cells addicted to ER–mitochondrial Ca2+ fueling, IP3R inhibition leads to cancer cell death via mechanisms involving enhanced autophagy or mitotic catastrophe. Moreover, IP3Rs are the targets of several oncogenes and tumor suppressors and the functional loss of these genes, as occurring in many cancer types, can result in modified Ca2+ transport to the mitochondria and in modulation of the level of autophagic flux. Similarly, IP3R-mediated upregulation of autophagy can protect some cancer cells against natural killer cells-induced killing. The involvement of IP3Rs in the regulation of both autophagy and apoptosis, therefore, directly impact cancer cell biology and contribute to the molecular basis of tumor pathology.
AKT-1, -2, and -3 are expressed in both normal and tumor tissues of the lung, breast, prostate, and colon.

PURPOSE The AKT/PKB kinase controls many of the intracellular processes that are dysregulated in human cancer, including the suppression of apoptosis and anoikis and the induction of cell cycle progression. Three isoforms of AKT have been identified: AKT-1, -2, and -3. Selective up-regulation of AKT-3 RNA expression has been reported in hormone-independent breast and prostate cancer cell lines suggesting that AKT-3 expression may be increased with breast or prostate tumor progression. To determine whether AKT-3 RNA expression is selectively up-regulated in human cancers and whether the patterns of AKT RNA expression may change with tumor development, we examined AKT isoform expression by RT-PCR in human cancer cell lines, primary human cancers, and normal human tissues. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AKT-1, -2, and -3 RNA expression was examined by RT-PCR. Because up-regulated AKT-3 expression has been implicated in human breast and prostate cancer progression, we also examined AKT-3 expression levels by semiquantitative RT-PCR using matched normal/tumor first-strand cDNA pairs from colon, breast, prostate, and lung cancers. RESULTS Our data reveal that the overwhelming majority of both normal and tumor tissues express all three of the AKT isoforms. Moreover, semiquantitative RT-PCR of matched normal/tumor pairs confirmed similar AKT-3 RNA expression levels in both normal and tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that both normal and tumor tissues express all three of the AKT isoforms and indicate that tumorigenesis does not involve a dramatic shift in the RNA expression patterns of the three AKT isoforms.
Annotation and analysis of overlapping speech in political interviews

Looking for a better understanding of spontaneous speech-related phenomena and to improve automatic speech recognition (ASR), we present here a study on the relationship between the occurrence of overlapping speech segments and disfluencies (filled pauses, repetitions, revisions) in political interviews. First we present our data, and our overlap annotation scheme. We detail our choice of overlapping tags and our definition of disfluencies; the observed ratios of the different overlapping tags are examined, as well as their correlation with of the speaker role and propose two measures to characterise speakers’ interacting attitude: the attack/resist ratio and the attack density. We then study the relationship between the overlapping speech segments and the disfluencies in our corpus, before concluding on the perspectives that our experiments offer.