Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sparse passive radar imaging based on digital video broadcasting satellites using the MUSIC algorithm

This paper investigates the passive radar imaging system which exploits digital video broadcasting (DVB) satellites as opportunity illuminators. Firstly, we establish the imaging model and then analyze the imaging performance in the wavenumber domain. Because of the practical limitations, we are likely to get an undersampled wavenumber domain coverage so that traditional imaging methods such as matched filter (MF) would fail to provide good imaging performance. Therefore, we consider to use the sparse recovery techniques to achieve good inversion results. However, the compressive sensing (CS) imaging methods would be severely affected when off-grid scatterers exist. According to the theories of the Xampling and the finite rate of innovation (FRI), we propose a high-resolution sparse imaging method to overcome the problems above, which is based on the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Can Children Construct Inverse Relations in Arithmetic? Evidence for Individual Differences in the Development of Conceptual Understanding and Computational Skill.

Understanding conceptual relationships is an important aspect of learning arithmetic. Most studies of arithmetic, however, do not distinguish between children's understanding of a concept and their ability to identify situations in which it might be relevant. We compared 8- to 9-year-old children's use of a computational shortcut based on the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction, in problems where it was transparently applicable (e.g. 17+11−11=□) and where it was not (e.g. 15+11−8−3=□). Most children were able to construct inverse transformations and apply the shortcut in at least some situations, although they used the shortcut more for problems where it was transparently applicable. There were individual differences in the relationship between children's understanding of the inverse relationship and computational skill that have implications for theories of mathematical development.
Physics: Frightful, but fun. Pupils' and teachers' views of physics and physics teaching

There is widespread concern for the situation of school physics regarding recruitment, contents, teaching methods, etc. In this study based on questionnaire and focus group data, we explore how upper secondary pupils and teachers perceive physics as a subject, how they experience physics instruction, and how physics compares to other subjects. Our study shows that pupils find physics interesting, but difficult and work-intensive; formalistic in nature, but still describing the world and everyday phenomena. Pupils express that “exoti” topics like astrophysics are closer to their life-world than mechanics etc. Whereas teachers complain about pupils' poor mathematics skills, pupils do not see this as a major problem. Physics instruction is still dominated by traditional content knowledge and seems to attract and reward pupils with this orientation. Pupils have a relatively weak understanding of the central role of experiments in science. Generally, pupils appear conservative in their views on teaching and learning; however, they would like stronger emphasis on qualitative and pupil-centred approaches. Based on our findings, we suggest that an upper secondary physics education preparing pupils for tomorrow's society should be characterized by variety, both within and among courses, integration of mathematics in the physics courses, more pupil-centred instruction, and a stronger emphasis on knowledge in context. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed88:683–706, 2004
Citation Analysis and Discourse Analysis Revisited.

John Swales's 1986 article 'Citation analysis and discourse analysis' was written by a discourse analyst to introduce citation research from other fields, mainly sociology of science, to his own discipline. Here, I introduce applied linguists and discourse analysts to citation studies from information science, a complementary tradition not emphasized by Swales. Using replicable bibliometric techniques, I show that interdisciplinary ties have grown among citation researchers from discourse analysis, sociology of science, and information science in the years since Swales wrote. Key authors, journals, articles, and books are presented in tables based on cocitation data from the Institute for Scientific Information. While theoretical integration of the different strands of research is far from complete, this article carries the effort forward by reviewing contributions from the 1970s to the present in three major lines of research: citation classification, content analysis of citation contexts, and studies of citer motivations. I pay particular attention to ideas that bear on teaching the art of citing-for example, in courses in English for research purposes-and to controversies in citation research of interest to discourse analysts.
Does Student–Teacher Thinking Style Match/Mismatch Matter in Students’ Achievement?

This study concerns the contingent nature of the relationships of student–teacher style match (or mismatch) to students’ academic achievement. Participants were 135 (59 male and 76 female) students (average age of 21.5 years) from three academic disciplines (mathematics, physics, and public administration) who responded to the Thinking Styles Inventory and rated their own abilities (analytical, creative, and practical). The academic achievement scores in two subject matters for each student were also used. The students’ subject matter teachers responded to the Thinking Styles in Teaching Inventory. Three major findings were obtained. First, the effects of style match/mismatch upon students’ achievement vary as a function of academic discipline and subject matter. Second, the statistical procedures used to analyse the data play an important role in the relationships under investigation. Third, students’ self‐rated abilities make a difference in the tested relationships. Findings have implications for both researchers and teachers.
Detection methods for mycotoxins in cereal grains and cereal products

Analytical methods for mycotoxins in cereals and cereal-based products require three major steps, including extraction, clean-up (to eliminate interferences from the extract and concentrate the analyte), and detection/determination of the toxin (by using suitable analytical instruments/technologies). Clean-up is essential for the analysis of mycotoxins at trace levels, and involves the use of solid phase extraction and multifunctional (e.g. MycoSep®) or immunoaffinity columns. Different chromatographic methods are commonly used for quantitative determination of mycotoxins, including gas-chromatography (GC) coupled with electron capture, flame ionization or mass spectrometry (MS) detectors (mainly for type-A trichothecenes), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet, diode array, fluorescence or MS detectors. The choice of method depends on the matrix and the mycotoxin to be analyzed. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is spreading rapidly as a promising technique for simultaneous screening, identification and quantitative determination of a large number of mycotoxins. In addition, commercial immunometric assays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), are frequently used for screening purposes as well. Recently, a variety of emerging methods have been proposed for the analysis of mycotoxins in cereals based on novel technologies, including immunochromatography (i.e. lateral flow devices), fluorescence polarization immunoassays (FPIA), infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and optical biosensors.
Alternative Shared Key Replacement in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Key management is considered as the fundamental part of any secure communication. In previous work, we propose RKPH scheme that was improved based on connectivity and resiliency compared to some other schemes. In this paper, we propose ARKPH, a modified scheme of RKPH that decrease impact of node compromise on sensor network security. In this scheme that we name it as alternative shared key replacement, impact of existence of multiple shared key between two nodes is studied. In RKPH, with compromising a secure link, link expire and secure connection between two neighboring node terminate. Expiring secure connections cause that connectivity in network decrease. For decreasing effect of compromising a node on expiring secure connections, we discover another shared key between two nodes that have not compromised yet. This work is done directly or indirectly by cluster head. Simulation results show that expiring secure connections in ARKPH scheme is decreased.
Developmental, Gender, and Comorbidity Differences in Clinically Referred Children with ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent child psychiatric disorder, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) recognizes three subtypes: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, and combined (inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive). This study examined age, gender, and comorbidity differences in ADHD subtypes, using a screening checklist based on DSM-IV criteria. Parent- and teacher-completed checklists were obtained for clinic-referred children and adolescents between the ages of 3 and 18 years. Findings indicated that few youngsters exhibited symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity in the absence of inattention. Hyperactive/impulsive behavior was more common in the youngest age group (3-5 years), whereas inattention was more common in adolescents. Boys were overrepresented for each subtype of ADHD; however, the proportion of boys to girls did not differ for the various subtypes. Youngsters who exhibited symptoms of both hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention were more likely to show oppositional and conduct disorder behaviors and anxiety than those who were only inattentive. The findings from this study suggest that even among children who meet criteria for one of the subtypes of ADHD, age and gender differences may be important variables in diagnosis.
A dynamic CAP allocation algorithm using directional antennas in IEEE 802.15.3c WPANs

Directional antennas have considerable benefits of higher antenna gain, long transmission distance and spatial reuse compared to omni-directional antenna. To support directional antenna, IEEE 802.15. 3c specifies high data transmission rate and short frequency range communication based on characteristics of 60GHz frequency band. However, IEEE 802.15. 3c has the room to be enhanced in terms of the use of its own characteristics with directional antenna during contention access period (CAP). For example, there are assigned same CAP and initial value of the contention window (CW) per each direction. Therefore this paper proposes dynamic allocation of CAP considering the number of devices per each direction during contention period. In addition, this paper also proposes an algorithm increasing system efficiency by adjusting an initial value of the CW. Given proposed algorithm numerical results show the proposed algorithm has less overhead than the legacy CSMA/CA mechanism based on IEEE 802.15. 3c. The simulation results also show the proposed algorithm has maximum 5% of performance improvement comparing to existing CSMA/CA mechanism in terms of throughput.
Delay‐universal codes for multiple access channels

In this paper, we propose delay‐universal or ‘anytime’ code design for multiple access channels. The anytime characteristics of the proposed coding scheme are investigated asymptotically over two different multiple access channels. For the simplest multiple access channel, we derive the analytical delay‐exponent of the proposed code by using mathematical induction technique. Through comparison, we show that the analytical delay‐exponent matches with the delay‐exponent obtained from numerical results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Rational Economic Analysis of Public-School Closings in Saskatoon

The Saskatoon public board closed eleven elementary schools and one high school during the period 1978–88. The finding from two economic models is that the school board did not act as a discriminating rational economic decisionmaker in closing two elementary schools located in a case-study neighbourhood. The postponement of the closures resulted in an annual subsidy to the remaining students and their families for an amount eventually equivalent to 40% of the actual savings. The school board thus incorporated noneconomic factors into its decisions in anticipation of the community reactions to a closure.
Visual Attention Patterns Differ in Gynephilic and Androphilic Men and Women Depending on Age and Gender of Targets

Visual attention patterns measured with eye-tracking techniques provide indirect clues about sexual response. This study aimed to test the category specificity of sexual responses to stimuli varying in gender and age by evaluating both early and late attention of gynephilic and androphilic men and women. We simultaneously presented sexually preferred and nonpreferred stimuli and measured time to first fixation and total duration of fixation on four areas of interest: entire body, then face, chest, and pelvis. Androphilic women’s early attention patterns were nonspecific, whereas gynephilic women and both groups of men showed a category-specific pattern for the entire body. In contrast, all groups showed gender-specific patterns of late attention for all areas of interest. We also found support for age specificity of early and late visual attention in all four groups, with greater attention to adult than child stimuli. This study supports the usefulness of a competing stimulus eye-tracking paradigm as a method to examine gender specificity in gynephilic women and androphilic and gynephilic men, and as a measure of age specificity in gynephilic and androphilic men and women.
Synthesis of the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus polyprotein, detection of a virus-encoded protease, and fine structure mapping of genome segment A coding regions

Full-length and truncated genome segment A-specific infectious pancreatic necrosis virus cDNA was subcloned into plasmid transcription vectors, and runoff transcripts were produced in vitro. These transcripts were translated in cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysates and the translation products were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Virus-specific polypeptides were gel purified and mapped by partial proteolysis with N-chlorosuccinimide and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Peptide profiles were compared with those of the corresponding polypeptides purified from infectious pancreatic necrosis virus-infected cells or prepared by in vitro translation of denatured genomic RNA. The cDNA directed the synthesis of authentic pVP2, VP3, and NS polypeptides as well as a number of previously undescribed polypeptides. A 101,000-molecular-weight polypeptide was isolated and shown to be the unprocessed infectious pancreatic necrosis virus polyprotein. The NS polypeptide appears to be a virus-encoded protease responsible for the cleavage of pVP2 from the polyprotein. The carboxy terminus of NS was mapped to within three or four amino acids on the polyprotein. The most likely internal translation start sites responsible for NS and VP3 production in vitro were also mapped.
Video Inter-Frame Forgery Identification Based on Consistency of Correlation Coefficients of Gray Values

Identifying inter-frame forgery is a hot topic in video forensics. In this paper, we propose a method based on the assumption that the correlation coefficients of gray values is consistent in an original video, while in forgeries the consistency will be destroyed. We first extract the consistency of correlation coefficients of gray values (CCCoGV for short) after normalization and quantization as distinguishing feature to identify interframe forgeries. Then we test the CCCoGV in a large database with the help of SVM (Support Vector Machine). Experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient in classifying original videos and forgeries. Furthermore, the proposed method performs also pretty well in classifying frame insertion and frame deletion forgeries.
Was Cognitive Dissonance Theory a Mistake

Abelson, R. P. (1968). Psychological implication. In R. P. Abelson, E. Aronson, W. J. McGuire, T. M. Newcomb, M. J. Rosenberg, & P. H. Tannenbaum (Eds.), Theories of cognitive consistency: A sourcebook (pp. 112-139). Chicago: Rand McNally. Aronson, E. (1968). Dissonance theory: Progress and problems. In R. P. Abelson, E. Aronson, W. J. McGuire, T. M. Newcomb, M. J. Rosenberg, & P. H. Tannenbaum (Eds.), Theories of cognitive consistency: A sourcebook (pp. 5-27). Chicago: Rand McNally. Berkowitz, L. , & Devine, P. G. (1989). Research traditions, analysis, and synthesis in social psychological theories: The case of dissonance theory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15, 493-507. Berscheid, E. , Graziano, W. , Monson, T. , & Dermer, M. (1976). Outcome dependency: Attention, attribution, and attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 978-989. Cooper, J., & Fazio, R. H. (1984). A new look at dissonance theory. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 17, pp. 229-266). Orlando, FL: Academic. Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Fiske, S. T. , & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition. New York: Random House. Klein, W. , & Kunda, Z. (1992). Motivated person perception: Constructing justifications for desired beliefs. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 145-168. Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 480-498. Neuberg, S. L. , & Fiske, S. T. (1987). Motivational influences on impression formation: Dependency, accuracy-driven attention, and individuating information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 431-444. Sanitioso, R. , & Kunda, Z. (1990). Ducking the collection of costly evidence: Motivated use of statistical heuristics. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 4, 161-176. Sanitioso, R. , Kunda, Z. , & Fong, G. T. (1990). Motivated recruitment of autobiographical memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 229-241. Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 261-302). San Diego: Academic. Wicklund, R. A. , & Brehm, J. W. (1976). Perspectives on cognitive dissonance. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Optimal BER-Balanced Combining for Weighted Energy Detection of UWB OOK Signals

For the demodulation of ultra-wideband (UWB) on-off keying (OOK) signals, some weighted energy detection (WED) schemes have been proposed. However, the schemes available suffer from unbalanced bit error rates (BERs) for bits "0" and "1". Therefore, in this letter we will address the optimal BER-balanced WED. Specifically, we incorporate the BER balance requirement into the WED formulation and obtain the optimal weighting vector by solving a nonlinear convex optimization problem. To bypass the computational complexity required by the convex optimization, we derive a simple but near-optimal weighting vector. Simulations illustrate that the proposed BER-balanced WED schemes can achieve almost the same BER performance as the maximum likelihood (ML) demodulator, which is optimal in terms of BER performance but produces unbalanced BERs for different bits.
Data‐Driven Approach for Analyzing Hydrogeology and Groundwater Quality Across Multiple Scales

Recent trends of assimilating water well records into statewide databases provide a new opportunity for evaluating spatial dynamics of groundwater quality and quantity. However, these datasets are scarcely rigorously analyzed to address larger scientific problems because they are of lower quality and massive. We develop an approach for utilizing well databases to analyze physical and geochemical aspects of groundwater systems, and apply it to a multiscale investigation of the sources and dynamics of chloride (Cl−) in the near‐surface groundwater of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Nearly 500,000 static water levels (SWLs) were critically evaluated, extracted, and analyzed to delineate long‐term, average groundwater flow patterns using a nonstationary kriging technique at the basin‐scale (i.e., across the entire peninsula). Two regions identified as major basin‐scale discharge zones—the Michigan and Saginaw Lowlands—were further analyzed with regional‐ and local‐scale SWL models. Groundwater valleys (“discharge” zones) and mounds (“recharge” zones) were identified for all models, and the proportions of wells with elevated Cl− concentrations in each zone were calculated, visualized, and compared. Concentrations in discharge zones, where groundwater is expected to flow primarily upwards, are consistently and significantly higher than those in recharge zones. A synoptic sampling campaign in the Michigan Lowlands revealed concentrations generally increase with depth, a trend noted in previous studies of the Saginaw Lowlands. These strong, consistent SWL and Cl− distribution patterns across multiple scales suggest that a deep source (i.e., Michigan brines) is the primary cause for the elevated chloride concentrations observed in discharge areas across the peninsula.
Memory for position and identity across eye movements.

A «transsaccadic» partial report procedure was used to measure memory for position and identity information across saccades. Delaying the partial-report cue after the eye movement had little effect on report accuracy. Mask presentation hindered recall only at the shortest delay. Accuracy was much higher when the letter array contained 6 letters than when it contained 10 letters. Intra-array errors were much more frequent than extra-array errors. These results suggest that memory across eye movements decays slowly, has a limited capacity, is maskable for a brief time, and retains identity information better than position information
Social and Emotional Learning as a Universal Level of Student Support: Evaluating the Follow-up Effect of Strong Kids on Social and Emotional Outcomes

The authors examined the initial and follow-up effect of Strong Kids, a social and emotional learning (SEL) curriculum, among a sample of 106 third- and fourth-grade students. Students were assigned to either the treatment or the wait-list condition and completed questionnaires on SEL knowledge and perceived use of SEL skills across 3 assessment periods (pretest, posttest, and follow-up). The classroom teachers also completed a social functioning questionnaire on each student at each assessment period. The classroom teachers implemented 12 weekly lessons from September to December, and 1 booster session in January. Generalization of SEL skills was promoted with verbal praise by treatment teachers to students outside of the lessons and by reminders to students to use the SEL skills they were learning. Fidelity of implementation was more than 85% and was measured by observing the number of components of the curriculum implemented. Analyses revealed that the treatment group had greater positive gains across all of the dependent measures from pre to posttest. These gains maintained at the 2-month follow-up period. The authors discuss the results in a schoolwide prevention framework and with implications for school psychologists.