Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with borderline personality disorder are similar to those in schizophrenia

Background Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are frequently claimed to be brief, less severe and qualitatively different from those in schizophrenia, hence the term ‘pseudohallucinations’. AVH in BPD may be more similar to those experienced by healthy individuals, who experience AVH in a lower frequency and with a more positive content than AVH in schizophrenia. In this study the phenomenology of AVH in BPD patients was compared to that in schizophrenia and to AVH experienced by non-patients. Method In a cross-sectional setting, the phenomenological characteristics of AVH in 38 BPD patients were compared to those in 51 patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and to AVH of 66 non-patients, using the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS). Results BPD patients experienced AVH for a mean duration of 18 years, with a mean frequency of at least daily lasting several minutes or more. The ensuing distress was high. No differences in the phenomenological characteristics of AVH were revealed among patients diagnosed with BPD and those with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, except for ‘disruption of life’, which was higher in the latter group. Compared to non-patients experiencing AVH, BPD patients had higher scores on almost all items. Conclusions AVH in BPD patients are phenomenologically similar to those in schizophrenia, and different from those in healthy individuals. As AVH in patients with BPD fulfil the criteria of hallucinations proper, we prefer the term AVH over ‘pseudohallucinations’, so as to prevent trivialization and to promote adequate diagnosis and treatment.
Achievement Goal Theory: The Relationship of Accounting Students’ Goal Orientations with Self-efficacy, Anxiety, and Achievement

Abstract Students’ goal orientations are examined using two major frameworks for learning: achievement goal theory (AGT) and students’ approaches to learning (SAL). Previous student success research is extended, by examining goal constructs from the AGT framework to determine if they help explain the learning process in accounting. Data were gathered using an established instrument and used to examine how mastery and performance goals are related to students’ academic expectations, achievement, self-efficacy, and test anxiety. Cluster analysis was used to identify four motivation groupings (multiple-goal, mastery, performance, and low motivation). Pairwise comparisons of groups, for expected grades, self-efficacy, anxiety, final exam grade, and course grade, identified differences among some of the clusters. Results suggest that a combination of mastery and performance goal motivations, rather than a singular perspective, may provide better outcomes related to course grades, while reducing dysfunctional outcomes. Based on the results, suggestions are provided to help instructors influence student success.
Commonplace diversity: social relations in a super-diverse context

excluded low-income black women. Surviving Katrina contributes to the literature and raises important questions for future research. While Pardee discusses the impact of political decisions on the outcomes of the most marginalized populations in the city, more research is needed to understand the political decision-making process itself and the extent to which such outcomes could have been anticipated or avoided. The all female research sample does not allow the author to fully explore the role of men in these kin survival networks. Additional research on how men access, influence, and are influenced by such networks of kin in the process of evacuation and recovery would be a valuable companion to this work. This research indicates that gender structures individual perceptions of risk, and thus decisions about whether to evacuate. Future qualitative research could illuminate other social factors and processes that influence risk perception and these ideas could be tested quantitatively to more accurately predicts individual’s perceptions of risk. Such knowledge would be extremely useful in helping to focus and prepare for future rescue, relief, and recovery operations. Because of the national attention focused on this disaster, Surviving Katrina is a book that would have wide appeal to both academic and lay audiences. It gives extensive attention to the quotes of the respondents and very little sociological jargon so it should be easily accessible for a general audience. Given the topic and research findings, this book could be useful in courses on environmental/disaster, social problems, and social inequality courses.
Cobalamin-enhanced anaerobic biotransformation of carbon tetrachloride.

Biotransformation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) was examined with an anaerobic enrichment culture grown on dichloromethane as the sole organic carbon and energy source. The principal products from [ 14 C]-CT included chloroform (17%), carbon disulfide (21%), and CO 2 (21%). When cyanocobalamin was added along with CT, the percentage converted to CO 2 increased almost 3-fold (59%), while CS 2 decreased somewhat (11%), and virtually none of the CT (<1%) was reduced to chloroform. Carbon monoxide was a major transformation product (12-27%) in autoclaved cultures and in live cultures that received high levels of CT (up to 52 mg/L). Adding cyanocobalamin also increased the rate of CT transformation in live cultures by at least 10-fold, but had a minor effect on the rate of CT use in autoclaved cultures. Accelerated rates of transformation by live cultures were sustained for as long as 200 days, with hydrogen serving as the electron donor. Cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, and methylcobalamin were equally effective, while a 3-week lag period was required before adenosylcobalamin started to enhance CT transformation. Because of their high cost, the feasibility of using cobalaminswill depend on the amount required. We observed significant enhancement in CT transformation at concentrations up to 340 μM, with cobalamin levels as low as 10 μM.
Feasibility and Effectiveness of Basic Lymphedema Management in Leogane, Haiti, an Area Endemic for Bancroftian Filariasis

Background Approximately 14 million persons living in areas endemic for lymphatic filariasis have lymphedema of the leg. Clinical studies indicate that repeated episodes of bacterial acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA) lead to progression of lymphedema and that basic lymphedema management, which emphasizes hygiene, skin care, exercise, and leg elevation, can reduce ADLA frequency. However, few studies have prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of basic lymphedema management or assessed the role of compressive bandaging for lymphedema in resource-poor settings. Methodology/Principal Findings Between 1995 and 1998, we prospectively monitored ADLA incidence and leg volume in 175 persons with lymphedema of the leg who enrolled in a lymphedema clinic in Leogane, Haiti, an area endemic for Wuchereria bancrofti. During the first phase of the study, when a major focus of the program was to reduce leg volume using compression bandages, ADLA incidence was 1.56 episodes per person-year. After March 1997, when hygiene and skin care were systematically emphasized and bandaging discouraged, ADLA incidence decreased to 0.48 episodes per person-year (P<0.0001). ADLA incidence was significantly associated with leg volume, stage of lymphedema, illiteracy, and use of compression bandages. Leg volume decreased in 78% of patients; over the entire study period, this reduction was statistically significant only for legs with stage 2 lymphedema (P = 0.01). Conclusions/Significance Basic lymphedema management, which emphasized hygiene and self-care, was associated with a 69% reduction in ADLA incidence. Use of compression bandages in this setting was associated with an increased risk of ADLA. Basic lymphedema management is feasible and effective in resource-limited areas that are endemic for lymphatic filariasis.
Biodegradable Thermosensitive Hydrogel for SAHA and DDP Delivery: Therapeutic Effects on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Xenografts

Background OSCC is one of the most common malignancies and numerous clinical agents currently applied in combinative chemotherapy. Here we reported a novel therapeutic strategy, SAHA and DDP-loaded PECE (SAHA-DDP/PECE), can improve the therapeutic effects of intratumorally chemotherapy on OSCC cell xenografts. Objective/Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the SAHA-DDP/PECE in situ controlled drug delivery system on OSCC cell xenografts. Methods A biodegradable and thermosensitive hydrogel was successfully developed to load SAHA and DDP. Tumor-beared mice were intratumorally administered with SAHA-DDP/PECE at 50 mg/kg (SAHA) +2 mg/kg (DDP) in 100 ul PECE hydrogel every two weeks, SAHA-DDP at 50 mg/kg(SAHA) +2 mg/kg(DDP) in NS, 2 mg/kg DDP solution, 50 mg/kg SAHA solution, equal volume of PECE hydrogel, or equal volume of NS on the same schedule, respectively. The antineoplastic actions of SAHA and DDP alone and in combination were evaluated using the determination of tumor volume, immunohistochemistry, western blot, and TUNEL analysis. Results The hydrogel system was a free-flowing sol at 10°C, become gel at body temperature, and could sustain more than 14 days in situ. SAHA-DDP/PECE was subsequently injected into tumor OSCC tumor-beared mice. The results demonstrated that such a strategy as this allows the carrier system to show a sustained release of SAHA and DDP in vivo, and could improved therapeutic effects compared with a simple additive therapeutic effect of SAHA and DDP on mouse model. Conclusions Our research indicated that the novel SAHA-DDP/PECE system based on biodegradable PECE copolymer enhanced the therapeutic effects and could diminished the side effects of SAHA/DDP. The present work might be of great importance to the further exploration of the potential application of SAHA/DDP-hydrogel controlled drug release system in the treatment of OSCC.
Shared Attention

Shared attention is extremely common. In stadiums, public squares, and private living rooms, people attend to the world with others. Humans do so across all sensory modalities—sharing the sights, sounds, tastes, smells, and textures of everyday life with one another. The potential for attending with others has grown considerably with the emergence of mass media technologies, which allow for the sharing of attention in the absence of physical co-presence. In the last several years, studies have begun to outline the conditions under which attending together is consequential for human memory, motivation, judgment, emotion, and behavior. Here, I advance a psychological theory of shared attention, defining its properties as a mental state and outlining its cognitive, affective, and behavioral consequences. I review empirical findings that are uniquely predicted by shared-attention theory and discuss the possibility of integrating shared-attention, social-facilitation, and social-loafing perspectives. Finally, I reflect on what shared-attention theory implies for living in the digital world.
Vglut2 afferents to the medial prefrontal and primary somatosensory cortices: A combined retrograde tracing in situ hybridization

Glutamate transmission is critical for controlling cortical activity, but the specific contribution of the different isoforms of vesicular glutamate transporters in subcortical pathways to the neocortex is largely unknown. To determine the distribution and neocortical projections of vesicular glutamate transporter2 (Vglut2)‐containing neurons, we used in situ hybridization and injections of the retrograde tracer Fluoro‐Gold into the medial prefrontal and primary somatosensory cortices. The thalamus contains the majority of Vglut2 cells projecting to the neocortex (∼90% for the medial prefrontal cortex and 96% for the primary somatosensory cortex) followed by the hypothalamus and basal forebrain, the claustrum, and the brainstem. There are significantly more Vglut2 neurons projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex than to the primary somatosensory cortex. The medial prefrontal cortex also receives a higher percentage of Vglut2 projection from the hypothalamus than the primary somatosensory cortex. About 50% of thalamic Vglut2 projection to the medial prefrontal cortex and as much as 80% of the thalamic projection to primary somatosensory cortex originate in various relay thalamic nuclei. The remainder arise from different midline and intralaminar nuclei traditionally thought to provide nonspecific or diffuse projection to the cortex. The extrathalamic Vglut2 corticopetal projections, together with the thalamic intralaminar‐midline Vglut2 corticopetal projections, may participate in diffuse activation of the neocortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:351–373, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurophysiological effects of Rhodiola rosea extract containing capsules (A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study)

In 1947 Dr. Nicolai Lazarev introduced the term “adaptogen” in order to define special plant-derived extracts like Ginseng, which seemed to help to cope with stress-induced physical and psychic weakness. Extracts from Rhodiola rosea L. were recognized to belong to this category of food supplements. Due to contradictory results in the literature it was decided to examine the neurophysiological effect of Rhodiola rosea extract on surrogate parameters of cognitive and emotional brain processing in 20 volunteers. Spectral signatures of regional electric brain activity were recorded under control of an Eye-Tracking device, by means of which different challenges were presented. Among the cognitive challenges was a Stroop test, a memory test and a picture comparison for search of small deviations; among the emotional challenges were three pictures:a crying child, a bird spider and a picture taken from the TV series “Jungle Camp”. Additionally, three film excerpts were shown: a boring and an exciting animal film as well as a horror trailer. Evaluation of all challenges against looking at a fixation cross on the screen revealed highly statistically significant differences. These consisted (among others) in considerable higher spectral power values of delta and theta power in frontal and occipital brain areas during all cognitive and emotional tasks except for the crying child and bird spider, where only occipital power increased. Exactly these parameters changed in the presence of Rhodiola rosea extract, where increases of delta and theta power in these regions were documented in comparison to placebo. These statistically significant increases indicate mental activation according to literature. Likewise, an increase of alpha2 spectral power was observed during performance of the memory test indicating activation of memory processes as known from literature. In summary, the extract from Rhodiola rosea modulated cognitive and emotional surrogate parameters indicating improvement of mental processing in a stimulatory and activating sense.
Posttraumatic stress disorder after combat zone deployment among Navy and Marine Corps men and women.

BACKGROUND As more women are deployed into combat environments, preliminary findings have been inconsistent regarding gender differences in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following deployment. Very little is known about the experiences of Navy and Marine Corps personnel deployed to combat zones. METHODS The study population consisted of Navy and Marine Corps personnel who completed a Post-Deployment Health Assessment upon return from deployment to Iraq, Afghanistan, or Kuwait during 2008 and 2009 and a Post-Deployment Health Reassessment approximately 6 months later. These instruments included screening questions for PTSD. RESULTS The final sample of 31,534 service members included 29,640 men and 1,894 women. Within occupation categories, women were overrepresented relative to men in the roles of functional support/administration and healthcare specialists, whereas men were overrepresented in the role of combat specialist. Screening rates were similar by gender, with a slightly higher percentage of women compared with men screening positive for PTSD (6.6% vs. 5.3%). These symptoms of PTSD among men and women in this sample could not be attributed to combat exposure or other deployment-related characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Relative to men, women in this sample had a similar probability of screening positive for PTSD following deployment. These PTSD symptoms were not associated with deployment-related variables, suggesting that deployment to a combat zone does not affect women differently from men. This finding could have meaningful implications for policies surrounding women in the military.
Manifestly Covariant Approach to Bargmann-Wigner Fields (I): Generalized scalar products and Wigner states

Manifestly covariant formalism for Bargmann-Wigner fields is developed. It is shown that there exists some freedom in the choice of the form of the Bargmann-Wigner scalar product: The general product depends implicitly on a family of world-vectors. The standard choice of the product corresponds to timelike and equal vectors which define a ``time" direction. The generalized form shows that formulas are simpler if one chooses {\it null\/} directions. This freedom is used to derive simple covariant formulas for momentum-space wave functions (generalized Wigner states) corresponding to arbitrary mass and spin and using eigenstates of the Pauli-Lubanski vector. The eigenstates which make formulas the simplest correspond to projections of the Pauli-Lubanski vector on {\it null\/} directions. The new formulation is an alternative to the standard helicity formalism.
The first report on intermediate-term outcome of Ex-PRESS® glaucoma filtration device implanted under scleral flap in Japanese patients

Purpose: This paper compares the outcomes of the Ex-PRESS® Glaucoma Filtration Device (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) implant observed in Japanese patients for 1 year with those of patients undergoing trabeculectomy. Patients and methods: The subjects comprised ten eyes of ten cases with open-angle glaucoma for which filtration surgery using Ex-PRESS (P-50) was performed by one operator from February 2008 and observed for at least 1 year (Ex-PRESS Group), and eleven eyes of eleven cases for which trabeculectomy was performed by the same operator (TE Group). For both groups, mitomycin C was used and a scleral flap was created after a fornix-based incision of the conjunctiva. Results: Hypotony and choroidal detachment were observed as early postoperative complications during a 1-week period in one-third of the cases in the TE Group, and failing vision in about 45%, while these were seen in fewer cases in the Ex-PRESS Group. No significant difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) was observed during the period, but IOP variations on the day following the surgery were obviously narrower in the Ex-PRESS Group than in the TE Group. Visual acuity was significantly poorer from 1 week to 3 months in the TE Group while it was stable in the Ex-PRESS Group. The Ex-PRESS Group had fewer cases of laser suture lysis and fewer administrations of glaucoma eyedrop, and no cases of progression in the stage of visual field defect. Conclusion: Filtration surgery using the Ex-PRESS is unlikely to cause early complications in Japanese patients. Similarly to the trabeculectomy, the intermediate-term control of IOP showed favorable results.
Research report Behavioural and physiological impairments of sustained attention after traumatic brain injury

Sustaining attention under conditions of low external demand taxes our ability to stay on task and to avoid more appealing trains of thought or environmental distractions. By contrast, a stimulating, novel environment engages attention far more freely without the subjective feeling of having to override monotony. Our ability to maintain a goal-directed focus without support from the environment requires the endogenous control of behaviour. This control can be modulated by fronto–parietal circuits and this ability is compromised following traumatic brain injury (TBI) leading to increased lapses of attention. In this paper, we further explore a laboratory paradigm that we argue is particularly sensitive to sustained attention as opposed to other aspects of attentional control involving the selection and management of goals in working memory. The paradigm (fixed sequence Sustained Attention to Response Task—SARTfixed) involves withholding a key press to an infrequent no-go target embedded within a predictable sequence of numbers. We demonstrate that TBI patients in this study make disproportionately more errors than controls on this task. An analysis of response times (RTs) and EEG alpha power across the task demonstrates group differences preceding the critical no-go trial. Controls demonstrate a lengthening of RTs accompanied by desynchronization of power within the alpha band (f10 Hz) preceding the no-go trial. Conversely, the TBI group showed a shortening of RTs during this period with no evidence of alpha desynchronization. These findings suggest that TBI patients may have dysfunctional alpha generators as a consequence of their injury that impairs endogenous control during the task.
Do dependency parsing metrics correlate with human judgments?

Using automatic measures such as labeled and unlabeled attachment scores is common practice in dependency parser evaluation. In this paper, we examine whether these measures correlate with human judgments of overall parse quality. We ask linguists with experience in dependency annotation to judge system outputs. We measure the correlation between their judgments and a range of parse evaluation metrics across five languages. The humanmetric correlation is lower for dependency parsing than for other NLP tasks. Also, inter-annotator agreement is sometimes higher than the agreement between judgments and metrics, indicating that the standard metrics fail to capture certain aspects of parse quality, such as the relevance of root attachment or the relative importance of the different parts of speech.