Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synovial regeneration in the equine carpus after arthroscopic mechanical or carbon dioxide laser synovectomy.

OBJECTIVE To compare synovial regeneration in the equine carpus after mechanical or CO(2) laser synovectomy. STUDY DESIGN Arthroscopic partial synovectomy was performed in the radiocarpal and intercarpal joints. SAMPLE POPULATION Twelve horses, 3 to 6 years of age, were randomly divided into 3 groups. METHODS The antebrachiocarpal and intercarpal joints in each horse were randomly assigned a treatment such that each horse had one joint treated as a control (arthroscopic lavage), one in which a mechanical or CO(2) laser partial dorsal carpal synovectomy was performed, and one in which a combination of the mechanical and laser techniques was performed. The groups were euthanized for collection of specimens, respectively, at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. The synovial membrane was evaluated grossly, histologically, and by transmission and scanning electron microscopes (TEM and SEM). RESULTS The synovial villi failed to regenerate in all groups. At 1 month, the intimal cell layer was incomplete and the surface was still granulating. At 3 months, intimal regeneration was complete but more mature in the CO(2) laser synovectomy groups than in the mechanical synovectomy groups. Intimal regeneration was complete in all groups at 6 months. The subintima was replaced with fibrous tissue that separated the original subintimal vascular bed from the regenerated synovial surface. The CO(2) laser required preliminary training to operate effectively, and the air environment altered the intraoperative evaluation of the synovectomy site. CONCLUSIONS Villous regeneration does not occur in horses after surgical synovectomy. All synovial membranes healed with a fibrous subintima and less populated intima. The CO(2) laser is capable of performing a more superficial synovectomy than that achieved with mechanical synovectomy using a motorized arthroscopic synovial resector. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Mechanical or CO(2) laser synovectomy may be performed in the horse; however, additional evaluation is needed to determine the physiological significance of the lack of villus regeneration in this species. A combination of the resection techniques is not advised because of the increased risk of full-thickness capsular defects.
İlköğretim Okullarında Örgütsel Güvene İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşleri

Bu arastirmanin amaci, ilkogretim okullarinda gorev yapan ogretmenlerin calistiklari okullardaki guven duzeyine iliskin goruslerinin belirlenmesidir. Tarama modelindeki arastirma, Van il merkezinde kamu ilkogretim okullarinda gorev yapan ogretmenler uzerinde yapilmistir. Arastirmanin orneklemi, il merkezindeki kamu ilkogretim okullarinda gorev yapan toplam 350 ogretmenden olusmaktadir. Arastirmada veri toplama araci olarak Daboval ve arkadaslarinca gelistirilen, Kamer tarafindan Turkceye cevrilen ve Yilmaz tarafindan okullara uyarlanan “Okullarda Orgutsel Guven Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Arastirmada ulasilan bulgular, olcegin alt boyutlari olan calisanlara duyarlilik, yoneticiye guven, iletisim ortami ve yenilige aciklik boyutlarinda sunulmustur. Arastirmada ogretmenlerin ilkogretim okullarindaki guvenin orta duzeyde oldugu yonunde gorus belirttikleri, goruslerinin okul buyuklugu (okuldaki ogretmen sayisi) degiskenine gore farklilastigi sonucuna ulasilmistir
How to prevent the infection of contaminated abdominal incisions.

BACKGROUND Surgical site infection is one of the most common complications of conventional laparoscopic surgery. Preventing infection of the incision is particularly important. OBJECTIVE To discuss how to prevent the occurrence of surgical site infection after contaminated abdominal surgery. METHODS Five hundred and fifty-one surgery patients with ``contaminated abdominal incisions'' from January 2011 to May 2013 were analyzed in terms of the preventative treatment, and summarized for surgical site infection. Subcutaneous tissue flushed with normal saline + hydrogen peroxide before suturing in the intervention 1 group; subcutaneous tissue flushed with normal saline + 0.5% povidone-iodine before suturing in the intervention 2 group. RESULTS When subcutaneous fat was contaminated to a depth of ≤ 2.5 cm, the rates of surgical site infection in the control group and the intervention groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). When subcutaneous fat was contaminated to a depth of ≥ 3.0 cm, the rate of surgical site infection in the control group compared with the intervention one group was not statistically different (P > 0.05). The rate of surgical site infection in the control group compared with the intervention two group was statistical significant (P < 0.05). The rate of surgical site infection in the intervention one group compared with the intervention two group was statistical significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative control of the blood sugar; correction of anemia and the hypoalbuminemia; use of intraoperative the high-frequency electrotome; irrigation of the incision with plenty of physiological saline +$ iodophor before suturing the subcutaneous fat layer were key to effectively preventing infection in contaminated abdominal incisions.
Geographic Correlates of Police Shooting: a Microanalysis

This study examines the geographic distribution of all reported shootings by New York City police officers during the years 1971-75 (n = 2,746) and indices of police exposure to violent crime (rates of arrest for violent felonies) and public safety (rates of murder and nonnegligent manslaughter). The research finds that both these indices are closely related to police shooting rates. The theoretical and administrative implications of these findings are then discussed.
Al and cargo cult science

: Algorithmic model building in artificial intelligence provides a contemporary method for explaining certain kinds of human behavior. The paranoid mode of thought and action represents a kind of pathological behavior that has been well recognized for over twenty centuries. This article describes a computer simulation model embodying a theory that attempts to explain the paranoid mode of behavior in terms of strategies for minimizing and forestalling shame-induced distress. The model consists of two parts, a parsing module and an interpretation-action module. To bring the model into contact with the conditions of a psychiatric diagnostic interview, the parsing module attempts to understand the interview input of clinicians communicating in unrestricted natural language. The meaning of the input is passed to an interpretation-action module made up of data structures and production rules that size up the current state of the interview and decide which (linguistic) actions to perform in order to fulfill the model's intentions. This module consists of an object system which deals with interview situations and a metasystem which evaluates how well the object system is performing to attain its ends. The fidelity of the simulation has been tested using Turing-like indistinguishability tests in which clinical judges attempt to distinguish the paranoid model-patient from an actual paranoid patient. Since clinicians are unable to make the relevant distinctions, the simulation is considered successful at the input-output level of functional equivalence. Issues of underlying structural equivalence and the nature of generative pattern explanations are discussed in the light of the model's potential value in guiding clinicial decisions and intervention strategies in paranoid disorders.
Learning Kernel Label Decompositions for Ordinal Classification Problems

This paper deals with the idea of decomposing ordinal multiclass classification problems when working with kernel methods. The kernel parameters are optimised for each classification subtask in order to better adjust the kernel to the data. More flexible multi-scale Gaussian kernels are considered to increase the goodness of fit of the kernel matrices. Instead of learning independent models for all the subtasks, the optimum convex combination of the kernel matrices is then obtained, leading to a single model able to better discriminate the classes in the feature space. The results of the proposed algorithm shows promising potential for the acquisition of better suited kernels.
Pilot Performance, Strategy, and Workload While Executing Approaches at Steep Angles and With Lower Landing Minima

Objective: We examined the willingness and ability of general aviation pilots to execute steep approaches in low-visibility conditions into nontowered airports. Background: Executing steep approaches in poor weather is required for a proposed Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) that consists of small aircraft flying direct routes to a network of regional airports. Method: Across two experiments, 17 pilots rated for Instrument Flight Rules at George Mason University or Virginia Tech flew a Cessna 172R simulator into Blacksburg, Virginia. Pilots were familiarized with the simulator and asked to fly approaches with either a 200- or 400-foot ceiling (at approach angles of 3°, 5°, and 7° in the first experiment, 3° and 6° in the second). Pilots rated subjective workload and the simulator recorded flight parameters for each set of approaches. Results: Approaches with a 5° approach angle produced safe landings with minimal deviations from normal descent control configurations and were rated as having a moderate level of workload. Approaches with 6° and 7° approach angles produced safe landings but high workload ratings. Pilots reduced power to control the speed of descent and flew the aircraft slightly above the glide path to gain time to control the landing. Conclusion: Although the 6° and 7° approaches may not be practical for routine approaches, they may be achievable in the event of an emergency. Application: Further work using other aircraft flying under a wider variety of conditions is needed before implementing SATS-type flights into airports intended to supplant or complement commercial operations in larger airports.
Poincaré inequalities for linearizations of very fast diffusion equations

In this paper we investigate the large-time asymptotic of linearized very fast diffusion equations with and without potential confinements. These equations do not satisfy, in general, logarithmic Sobolev inequalities, but, as we show by using the `Bakry-Emery reverse approach', in the confined case they have a positive spectral gap at the eigenvalue zero. We present estimates for this spectral gap and draw conclusions on the time decay of the solution, which we show to be exponential for the problem with confinement and algebraic for the pure diffusive case. These results hold for arbitrary algebraically large diffusion speeds, if the solutions have the mass-conservation property.
Nonlinear Modeling and Parameter Identification of Dynamic Friction Model in Tendon Sheath for Flexible Endoscopic Systems

Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) has established a revolution in surgical communities, with its many advantages over open surgery. The need of more simplicity and high maneuverability makes the tendon sheath a very suitable mechanism in flexible endoscopic systems. Due to the restriction on size constraints and sterilization problems, traditional sensors cannot be mounted on the tool tips of a slave manipulator. Moreover, in the presence of nonlinear friction and hysteresis between the tendon and the sheath, it is extremely difficult to control the precise motion and sense the force during the operation. This paper proposes a new dynamic friction model to estimate the force at the end effector for the tendon sheath mechanism. The proposed friction model can adapt with any initial pretension of the tendon and any configuration of the sheath. The nonlinearities in both sliding and presliding regimes can be captured by using an internal state variable and functions dependent velocity and acceleration. A specific setup has been designed in order to measure the friction force between the tendon and the sheath. Finally, the validity of the identified model is confirmed by a good agreement of its prediction and experimental data.
Towards a Better Understanding of Large-Scale Network Models

Connectivity and capacity are two fundamental properties of wireless multihop networks. The scalability of these properties has been a primary concern for which asymptotic analysis is a useful tool. Three related but logically distinct network models are often considered in asymptotic analyses, viz. the dense network model, the extended network model, and the infinite network model, which consider respectively a network deployed in a fixed finite area with a sufficiently large node density, a network deployed in a sufficiently large area with a fixed node density, and a network deployed in with a sufficiently large node density. The infinite network model originated from continuum percolation theory and asymptotic results obtained from the infinite network model have often been applied to the dense and extended networks. In this paper, through two case studies related to network connectivity on the expected number of isolated nodes and on the vanishing of components of finite order respectively, we demonstrate some subtle but important differences between the infinite network model and the dense and extended network models. Therefore, extra scrutiny has to be used in order for the results obtained from the infinite network model to be applicable to the dense and extended network models. Asymptotic results are also obtained on the expected number of isolated nodes, the vanishingly small impact of the boundary effect on the number of isolated nodes, and the vanishing of components of finite order in the dense and extended network models using a generic random connection model.
Effective Discipline for Misbehavior: In-School versus Out-of-School Suspension*

One of the greatest concerns of teachers, administrators, and parents is the issue of classroom management. Providing a safe, supportive, and focused classroom that allows students an opportunity to learn and grow is a top concern for everyone involved in the field of education. Although there are several different strategies for classroom management and discipline, the most severe problems and occurrences usually lead to either in school suspension (ISS) or out of school suspension (OSS). This paper examines the research findings on the application and effectiveness of both in and out of school suspension. Studies have shown that OSS is often misapplied, unfairly used against minorities, and ineffective at producing better future behavior (Skiba, Peterson, & Williams 1997; Verdugo 2002; Costenbader and Markson 1997). There is a special emphasis on ISS and its varying forms of application, and the research that suggests that not all ISS programs have the same form or produce the same deterrent effects among students (Leapley 1997; Opuni et al. 1990). Introduction Schools have many strategies and policies that are used for stopping and preventing student behavior problems. Suspension is one of these options. This literature review examines the consequences of both in-school suspension (ISS) and out of school suspension (OSS). It traces many of the problems that OSS presents, and also presents the more promising aspects of ISS. The report concludes with a research proposal that examines and tries to quantify the effectiveness of various models of ISS. The operant definition for suspension, in this paper, can be defined as a “[d]isciplinary action that is administered as a consequence of a student’s inappropriate behavior, requires that a student absent him/herself from the classroom or from the school for a specified period of time” (Morrison and Skiba,
A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words: Source Credibility Theory Applied to Logo and Website Design for Heightened Credibility and Consumer Trust

Websites are often the first or only interaction a consumer has with a firm in modern commerce. Because consumers tend to make decisions within the first few seconds of online interaction, the first impression given to users can greatly determine a website's success. Leveraging source credibility theory, a strategy is presented for building credibility derived from a user's initial impressions of a website, in online environments. The study demonstrates that logos designed to communicate traits of credibility (i.e., expertise and trustworthiness) can trigger positive credibility judgments about the firm's website and that this increase in perceived credibility results in greater trust and willingness to transact with the firm. In addition, the study demonstrates distinct effects on consumers’ distrusting beliefs. The positive trust effects are magnified when the design of a website extends and complements the credibility-based logo design. This practice-supporting model further indicates how website designers can methodically design logos and websites that nonverbally communicate credibility information within the first few moments of a website interaction. [Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of the International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction to view the free supplemental file: Online Appendix A. ]
Delay-dependent stability criteria for interval time-varying delay systems with nonuniform delay partitioning approach

This paper investigates the conservatism reduction of Lyapunov-Krasovskii based conditions for the stability of a class of interval time-varying delay systems. The main idea is based on the nonuniform decomposition of the integral terms of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional. The delay interval is decomposed into a finite number of nonuniform segments with some scaling parameters. Both differentiable delay case and nondifferentiable delay case and unknown delay derivative bound case are taken into consideration. Sufficient delay-dependent stability criteria are derived in terms of matrix inequalities. Two suboptimal delay fractionation schemes, namely, linearization with cone complementary technique and linearization under additional constraints are introduced in order to find a feasible solution set using LMI solvers with a convex optimization algorithm so that a suboptimal maximum allowable delay upper bound is achieved. It is theoretically demonstrated that the proposed technique has reduced complexity in comparison to some existing delay fractionation methods from the literature. A numerical example with case studies is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with respect to some existing ones from the literature.
Comparison of PV module performance before and after 11 and 20 years of field exposure

In 1990 the Schatz Energy Research Center (SERC) installed a PV array comprised of 192 ARCO M-75 modules. Prior to installation, SERC measured the performance of each module. For the past 20 years the array has continued to operate in a cool, marine environment. The performance of each module was re-evaluated in 2001 and again last year in 2010. This paper describes the equipment and procedure used in retesting the modules, and reports module performance results. The average module maximum power production at one full sun and NOCT has progressively decreased from an initial 39.88W in 1990 to 38.13W in 2001 and to 33.43W in 2010. The average module maximum power production fell by an average of 0.4%/yr from 1990 to 2001 and by an average of 1.4%/yr from 2001 to 2010.
Rigidity, chaos and integration: hemispheric interaction and individual differences in metaphor comprehension

Neurotypical individuals cope flexibly with the full range of semantic relations expressed in human language, including metaphoric relations. This impressive semantic ability may be associated with distinct and flexible patterns of hemispheric interaction, including higher right hemisphere (RH) involvement for processing novel metaphors. However, this ability may be impaired in specific clinical conditions, such as Asperger syndrome (AS) and schizophrenia. The impaired semantic processing is accompanied by different patterns of hemispheric interaction during semantic processing, showing either reduced (in Asperger syndrome) or excessive (in schizophrenia) RH involvement. This paper interprets these individual differences using the terms Rigidity, Chaos and Integration, which describe patterns of semantic memory network states that either lead to semantic well-being or are disruptive of it. We argue that these semantic network states lie on a rigidity-chaos semantic continuum. We define these terms via network science terminology and provide network, cognitive and neural evidence to support our claim. This continuum includes left hemisphere (LH) hyper-rigid semantic memory state on one end (e.g., in persons with AS), and RH chaotic and over-flexible semantic memory state on the other end (e.g., in persons with schizophrenia). In between these two extremes lie different states of semantic memory structure which are related to individual differences in semantic creativity. We suggest that efficient semantic processing is achieved by semantic integration, a balance between semantic rigidity and semantic chaos. Such integration is achieved via intra-hemispheric communication. However, impairments to this well-balanced and integrated pattern of hemispheric interaction, e.g., when one hemisphere dominates the other, may lead to either semantic rigidity or semantic chaos, moving away from semantic integration and thus impairing the processing of metaphoric language.
Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Receiving Hemodialysis: A Population-Based Study

Background Little is known on the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in ESRD patients. This study compared the incidence of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) between cohorts with and without influenza vaccination. Methods We used the insurance claims data from 1998 to 2009 in Taiwan to determine the incidence of these events within one year after influenza vaccination in the vaccine (N = 831) and the non-vaccine (N = 3187) cohorts. The vaccine cohort to the non-vaccine cohort incidence rate ratio and hazard ratio (HR) of morbidities and mortality were measured. Results The age-specific analysis showed that the elderly in the vaccine cohort had lower hospitalization rate (100.8 vs. 133.9 per 100 person-years), contributing to an overall HR of 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72–0.90). The vaccine cohort also had an adjusted HR of 0.85 [95% CI 0.75–0.96] for heart disease. The corresponding incidence of pneumonia and influenza was 22.4 versus 17.2 per 100 person-years, but with an adjusted HR of 0.80 (95% CI 0.64–1.02). The vaccine cohort had lowered risks than the non-vaccine cohort for intensive care unit (ICU) admission (adjusted HR 0.20, 95% CI 0.12–0.33) and mortality (adjusted HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.41–0.60). The time-dependent Cox model revealed an overall adjusted HR for mortality of 0.30 (95% CI 0.26–0.35) after counting vaccination for multi-years. Conclusions ESRD patients with HD receiving the influenza vaccination could have reduced risks of pneumonia/influenza and other morbidities, ICU stay, hospitalization and death, particularly for the elderly.