Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional Intelligence Scale

_____ 1. I know when to speak about my personal problems to others. _____ 2. When I am faced with obstacles, I remember times I faced similar obstacles and overcame them. _____ 3. I expect that I will do well on most things I try. _____ 4. Other people find it easy to confide in me. _____ 5. I find it hard to understand the nonverbal messages of other people. _____ 6. Some of the major events of my life have led me to re-evaluate what is important and not important. _____ 7. When my mood changes, I see new possibilities. _____ 8. Emotions are some of the things that make my life worth living. _____ 9. I am aware of my emotions as I experience them. _____ 10. I expect good things to happen. _____ 11. I like to share my emotions with others. _____ 12. When I experience a positive emotion, I know how to make it last. _____ 13. I arrange events others enjoy. _____ 14. I seek out activities that make me happy. _____ 15. I am aware of the nonverbal messages I send to others. _____ 16. I present myself in a way that makes a good impression on others. _____ 17. When I am in a positive mood, solving problems is easy for me. _____ 18. By looking at their facial expressions, I recognize the emotions people are experiencing. _____ 19. I know why my emotions change. _____ 20. When I am in a positive mood, I am able to come up with new ideas. _____ 21. I have control over my emotions. _____ 22. I easily recognize my emotions as I experience them. _____ 23. I motivate myself by imagining a good outcome to tasks I take on. _____ 24. I compliment others when they have done something well. _____ 25. I am aware of the nonverbal messages other people send. _____ 26. When another person tells me about an important event in his or her life, I almost feel as though I have experienced this event myself. _____ 27. When I feel a change in emotions, I tend to come up with new ideas. _____ 28. When I am faced with a challenge, I give up because I believe I will fail. _____ 29. I know what other people are feeling just by looking at them. _____ 30. I help other people feel better when they are down. _____ 31. I use good moods to help myself keep trying in the face of obstacles. _____ 32. I can tell how people are feeling by listening to the tone of their voice. _____ 33. It is difficult for me to understand why people feel the way they do.
Impact of UK National Health Service smoking cessation services: variations in outcomes in England

Objectives: To determine the extent to which UK National Health Service (NHS) smoking cessation services in England reach smokers and support them to quit at four weeks, and to identify which service and area characteristics contribute to observed outcomes. Design: Ordinary least squares regression was used to investigate local smoking outcomes in relation to characteristics of health authorities and their smoking cessation services. Setting: 76 health authorities (from a total of 99) in England from April 2000 to March 2001. Main outcome measures:Reach—number of smokers attending cessation services and setting a quit date as a percentage of the adult smoking population in each health authority. Absolute success—number of smokers setting a quit date who subsequently reported quitting at four weeks (not having smoked between two and four weeks after quit date). Cessation rate—number of smokers who reported quitting at four weeks as a percentage of those setting a quit date. Loss—percentage lost to follow up. Results: A range of service and area characteristics was associated with each outcome. For example, group support proved more effective than one to one interventions in helping a greater proportion of smokers to quit at four weeks. Services based in health action zones were reaching larger numbers of smokers. However, services operating in deprived communities achieved lower cessation rates than those in more prosperous areas. Conclusions: Well developed, evidence based NHS smoking cessation services, reflecting good practice, are yielding positive outcomes in England. However, most of the data are based on self reported smoking status at four weeks. It will be important to obtain validated data about continuous cessation over one year or more in order to assess longer term impact.
Religious Identification, Switching, and Apostasy Among Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland: Individual and Cohort Dynamics Between Two Censuses 2001–2011

Religious identification has historically been salient in Northern Ireland as an ethnic‐national identity marker. Thirteen years after the Good Friday Agreement that marked the start of the peace process in the country, the question arises whether religious affiliation in Northern Ireland has become less of an ethnonational identity marker and more of a personal choice. This article analyzes religious switching and apostasy between 2001 and 2011, using data from the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study, a representative sample of approximately 28 percent of the population, linked to the 2001 and 2011 censuses. We found that the vast majority retained their self‐reported religious affiliation, a tiny minority switched between Protestantism and Catholicism, and a significant minority, particularly among the young, switched to “none/not stated” or between Protestant denominations. Religious switching is associated with young age, higher education, and also socioeconomic deprivation. Experiences of social frustration appear to drive many to leave their faith.
Prevalent Intravenous Abuse of Methylphenidate Among Treatment-Seeking Patients With Substance Abuse Disorders: A Descriptive Population-Based Study

Objectives:Prescription rates of methylphenidate (MPH) are sharply rising in most Western countries. Although it has been reported that MPH has abuse potential, little is known about the prevalence of intravenous (IV) abuse of MPH. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of IV MPH abuse among treatment-seeking IV substance abusers in Iceland. Methods:This is a descriptive population-based study using a semistructured interview assessing sociodemographics, substance abuse history, and the method of administration of 108 IV substance abusers. During 1 year, consecutively admitted adult inpatients with substance use disorder at any detoxification center in Iceland that reported any IV substance abuse in the past 30 days were invited to participate. Abuse was defined as nontherapeutic use of a substance to gain psychological or physiological effect. Results:Prevalence of any IV MPH abuse among participants was 88% in the last 30 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.94) and MPH was the most commonly abused substance (65%) and the preferred substance (63%). Around one third (30%) reported MPH as the first IV substance ever abused. However, among those reporting a shorter history than 10 years of IV abuse, 42% reported MPH as the first IV substance ever abused. Conclusions:This first nationwide study on IV abuse of MPH shows that it is common among treatment-seeking IV abusers in Iceland and suggests that MPH has high abuse potential. Therefore, both the use and possible abuse of MPH in those with high abuse potential should be monitored, especially in countries where MPH prescriptions rates are on the rise.
Self-Criticism and Responses to Self-Critical Statements: An Investigation of Self-Criticism, Self-Submission, Self-Compassion and Attack-Resistance

SELF-CRITICISM AND RESPONSES TO SELF-CRITICAL STATEMENTS: AN INVESTIGATION OF SELF-CRITICISM, SELF-SUBMISSION, SELFCOMPASSION, AND ATTACK RESISTANCE Eli Cwinn Advisor: University of Guelph, 2018 Dr. Karl Hennig The overall aim of the current project was to examine self-criticism from a meta-theoretical interpersonal and evolutionary framework. To this end two studies were undertaken. Study 1 involved an experimental priming design to examine whether individuals in a compassion or resistance prime condition would be less self-critical than a non-primed comparison group following a failure task. 114 participants completed self-report measures, either a guided imagery task or a non-listening control, and a short spatial reasoning task after which they were given negative feedback. A one-way ANOVA was used to examine whether the imagery conditions had lower state self-criticism after negative feedback as compared to the non-listening control. While the results of Study 1 were null, they did support an alternative hypothesis; that there is a disconnect between interpersonal motives (compassion of self-to-other) and reflexive motives (self-to-self; e.g., self-compassion). This disconnect between the interpersonal domain and the intrapersonal domain was examined in Study 2 which used a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach to clarify the domain of self-submission, self-compassion, and attack resistance. In particular, relations between interpersonal and intrapersonal submission were examined and found to be related but distinct. Further, results suggested that self-submission, self-compassion, and attack-resistance validly capture patterns of self-relating after self-criticism. Use of selfcompassion or attack-resisting in addition to self-submission was associated with lower negative affect as compared to use of self-submission alone. Further, more awareness of one’s self-to-self interactions following self-criticism was also associated with lower levels of negative affect. Implications for therapy and future research are discussed.
A Behavioral Theory of the Firm - 40 Years and Counting: Introduction and Impact

In this introductory piece, we take stock of the impact of Cyert and March's A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, describe current research trends in the behavioral tradition, and introduce the special issue's papers. A Behavioral Theory of the Firm is one of the most influential management books of all time. In the book, Cyert and March developed theoretical building blocks that became the foundations for current research in organizational studies in management, economics, political science, and sociology. Cyert and March also made theoretical propositions that are investigated and extended in current work on organizational learning theory and evolutionary economics.
Bacterial Communities Associated with Four Cyanobacterial Genera Display Structural and Functional Differences: Evidence from an Experimental Approach

To overcome the limitations associated with studying the interactions between bacterial communities (BCs) and cyanobacteria in natural environments, we compared the structural and functional diversities of the BCs associated with 15 non-axenic cyanobacterial strains in culture and two natural BCs sampled during cyanobacterial blooms. No significant differences in richness and diversity were found between the natural and cultivated BCs, although some of the cyanobacterial strains had been isolated 11 years earlier. Moreover, these BCs shared some similar characteristics, such as a very low abundance of Actinobacteria, but they display significant differences at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level. Overall, our findings suggest that BCs associated with cyanobacteria in culture are good models to better understand the interactions between heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria. Additionally, BCs associated with heterocystous cyanobacterial strains cultivated in Z8X culture medium without nitrate (Aphanizomenon–Dolichospermum) demonstrated significant differences compared to BCs associated with non-heterocystous strains cultivated in Z8 culture medium (Planktothrix–Microcystis) in terms of their composition and their ability to utilize different carbon sources, suggesting the potential influence of cyanobacterial metabolism and/or culture media on associated BCs. Finally, half of the dominant OTUs in these BCs were specifically associated with cyanobacteria or other phytoplankton, whereas the remaining OTUs were generally associated with ecosystems containing high organic matter content, such as sludge or intestines.
Near Unanimity Constraints Have Bounded Pathwidth Duality

We show that if a finite relational structure has a near unanimity polymorphism, then the constraint satisfaction problem with that structure as its fixed template has bounded pathwidth duality, putting the problem in nondeterministic logspace. This generalizes the analogous result of Dalmau and Krokhin for majority polymorphisms and lends further support to a conjecture suggested by Larose and Tesson.
Transformational leadership and organizational commitment in Korean police station

In comparison with research on the private sector, organizational commitment within the police has been rarely examined. Moreover, the leadership styles of police officials are not equal in all police studies across the world. Using data collected in 2009 from 236 Korean police officers, the purpose of this study is twofold: (a) to determine if the scale (multifactor leadership questionnaire, form 6-S [MLQ-6 S]) is applicable to police agencies internationally; and (b) to examine if leadership influences organizational commitment in law enforcement agencies. Results indicate that transformational leadership is positively linked to organizational commitment in Korean police agencies. However, the applicability of MLQ-6 S is controversial. Future research is required to examine comprehensively whether MLQ-6 S is a valid instrument for various types of organizations across the world.
Looking for Hyponyms in Vector Space

The task of detecting and generating hyponyms is at the core of semantic understanding of language, and has numerous practical applications. We investigate how neural network embeddings perform on this task, compared to dependency-based vector space models, and evaluate a range of similarity measures on hyponym generation. A new asymmetric similarity measure and a combination approach are described, both of which significantly improve precision. We release three new datasets of lexical vector representations trained on the BNC and our evaluation dataset for hyponym generation.
Towards robust evolutionary inference with integral projection models

Integral projection models (IPMs) are extremely flexible tools for ecological and evolutionary inference. IPMs track the distribution of phenotype in populations through time, using functions describing phenotype-dependent development, inheritance, survival and fecundity. For evolutionary inference, two important features of any model are the ability to (i) characterize relationships among traits (including values of the same traits across ages) within individuals, and (ii) characterize similarity between individuals and their descendants. In IPM analyses, the former depends on regressions of observed trait values at each age on values at the previous age (development functions), and the latter on regressions of offspring values at birth on parent values as adults (inheritance functions). We show analytically that development functions, characterized this way, will typically underestimate covariances of trait values across ages, due to compounding of regression to the mean across projection steps. Similarly, we show that inheritance, characterized this way, is inconsistent with a modern understanding of inheritance, and underestimates the degree to which relatives are phenotypically similar. Additionally, we show that the use of a constant biometric inheritance function, particularly with a constant intercept, is incompatible with evolution. Consequently, current implementations of IPMs will predict little or no phenotypic evolution, purely as artifacts of their construction. We present alternative approaches to constructing development and inheritance functions, based on a quantitative genetic approach, and show analytically and through an empirical example on a population of bighorn sheep how they can potentially recover patterns that are critical to evolutionary inference.
Role of Intrinsic Conductances Underlying Responses to Transients in Octopus Cells of the Cochlear Nucleus

Recognition of acoustic patterns in natural sounds depends on the transmission of temporal information. Octopus cells of the mammalian ventral cochlear nucleus form a pathway that encodes the timing of firing of groups of auditory nerve fibers with exceptional precision. Whole-cell patch recordings from octopus cells were used to examine how the brevity and precision of firing are shaped by intrinsic conductances. Octopus cells responded to steps of current with small, rapid voltage changes. Input resistances and membrane time constants averaged 2.4 MΩ and 210 μsec, respectively (n = 15). As a result of the low input resistances of octopus cells, action potential initiation required currents of at least 2 nA for their generation and never occurred repetitively. Backpropagated action potentials recorded at the soma were small (10–30 mV), brief (0.24–0.54 msec), and tetrodotoxin-sensitive. The low input resistance arose in part from an inwardly rectifying mixed cationic conductance blocked by cesium and potassium conductances blocked by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). Conductances blocked by 4-AP also contributed to the repolarization of the action potentials and suppressed the generation of calcium spikes. In the face of the high membrane conductance of octopus cells, sodium and calcium conductances amplified depolarizations produced by intracellular current injection over a time course similar to that of EPSPs. We suggest that this transient amplification works in concert with the shunting influence of potassium and mixed cationic conductances to enhance the encoding of the onset of synchronous auditory nerve fiber activity.
1 More on Demand Uncertainty and Price Maintenance In a recent paper

When retailers must commit to shipment quantities prior to resolution of demand uncertainty, manufacturer stipulation of a minimum retail price is likely to be profitable for the manufacturer, and not damaging to the retailers. The reason is simple: If demand turns out to be low, the unfettered market-clearing price can lie below the price that maximizes total sales revenue. A minimum retail price that is binding in the low demand state can thus increase total revenue even though it saddles retailers with unsold merchandise. This “new” insight of Deneckere, Marvel, and Peck is actually a straightforward generalization of the model of full manufacturer reimbursement for returns developed in Flath and Nariu (1989). The ubiquity of full reimbursement for returns in Japan even though it is in theory merely a second-best way of achieving minimum retail price stipulations, reveals important aspects of manufacturer maintenance of retail prices having to do with enforcement problems, the allocation of risk-bearing and economic incentives. These aspects of resale price maintenance are relevant to the normative evaluation of the special exemptions for RPM that Japan’s Fair Trade Commission has long maintained but is now phasing out.
Probing red blood cell mechanics, rheology and dynamics with a two-component multi-scale model

This study is partially motivated by the validation of a new two-component multi-scale cell model we developed recently that treats the lipid bilayer and the cytoskeleton as two distinct components. Here, the whole cell model is validated and compared against several available experiments that examine red blood cell (RBC) mechanics, rheology and dynamics. First, we investigated RBC deformability in a microfluidic channel with a very small cross-sectional area and quantified the mechanical properties of the RBC membrane. Second, we simulated twisting torque cytometry and compared predicted rheological properties of the RBC membrane with experimental measurements. Finally, we modelled the tank-treading (TT) motion of a RBC in a shear flow and explored the effect of channel width variation on the TT frequency. We also investigated the effects of bilayer–cytoskeletal interactions on these experiments and our simulations clearly indicated that they play key roles in the determination of cell membrane mechanical, rheological and dynamical properties. These simulations serve as validation tests and moreover reveal the capabilities and limitations of the new whole cell model.
Examining the Impact of Lesson Structure when Teaching with Cognitively Demanding Tasks in the Early Primary Years

The current investigation systematically contrasted teaching with cognitively demanding (challenging) tasks using a task-first lesson structure with that of a teach-first lesson structure in a primary school setting (Year 1 and 2). The findings indicate that there is more than one way of incorporating challenge tasks into mathematics lessons to produce sizeable learning gains. Analyses of interviews with teachers and students regarding their perceptions of learning with challenging tasks suggest that each type of lesson structure has distinct strengths. It is concluded that teachers should consider varying the structure of the lesson to provide a range of learning experiences for students.
Lipoteichoic Acid Is Important in Innate Immune Responses to Gram-Positive Bacteria

ABSTRACT To define the role of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in innate immunity to gram-positive bacteria, we investigated the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by macrophages stimulated with gram-positive bacterial culture supernatants (GPCSs) after their LTA was removed or inactivated. GPCSs were obtained from three gram-positive species (pneumococci, staphylococci, and group B streptococci) during the exponential growth phase (designated early GPCSs) or at the senescent stage (designated late GPCSs). LTA was removed using an anti-LTA antibody or was inactivated by alkaline hydrolysis or platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) treatment. Both early and late GPCSs from the three gram-positive bacteria stimulated macrophages to produce TNF-α primarily via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), although late pneumococcal supernatant could stimulate macrophages via TLR4 as well. Following LTA inactivation by both methods, early GPCS lost about 85 to 100% of its activity and late GPCS lost about 50 to 90%. Both early and late culture supernatants from Escherichia coli could be inactivated by alkali hydrolysis but not by PAF-AH. In addition, removal of LTA from an early staphylococcal culture supernatant with a monoclonal antibody reduced about 70 to 85% of its potency. Reconstitution of inactivated early GPCS with a highly purified LTA restored its inflammatory activity, but the restored GPCS had higher activity than the pure LTA alone. These findings indicate that LTA is the primary TLR2 ligand in the early phase of gram-positive bacterial infection and remains a major ligand in the late phase when another TLR2 and TLR4 ligand(s) appears. In addition, our findings suggest that another gram-positive bacterial factor(s) synergizes with LTA in inducing inflammatory responses.