Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
E+A Galaxies in the Near-Infrared: Broadband Photometry

This paper presents near-IR photometry of a selected sample of southern hemisphere E+A galaxies. The sample includes 50 galaxies from nearby (z ∼ 0.05) and distant (z ∼ 0.3) clusters, as well as E+A galaxies from the field (z ∼ 0.1). Observations include 13 normal early-type galaxies from the field and from clusters to be compared with the E+A sample. The photometry includes J, H, and Ks apparent magnitudes and colors. Observed colors are obtained from the apparent total magnitudes and compared with those of the GISSEL96 spectrophotometric models of galaxy evolution. There is an overall agreement between integrated colors of models and observed ones, for both the E+A galaxies located in clusters and those in the field, at z ≲ 0.1. However, large differences between colors predicted from models and those observed in E+A galaxies located in clusters at z ∼ 0.3 are found. We also compute rest-frame colors for all the galaxies using two different sets of K-corrections and obtain average colors for all the samples. This work investigates systematic properties of the E+A sample as a function of its environment. Results seem to indicate that cluster E+A galaxies (at low redshift) are bluer than field E+A galaxies at z ∼ 0.1. Even this conclusion does not depend on whether we use comoving or rest-frame colors or on the models used to obtain rest-frame colors; the difference is not significant enough, considering color dispersions between the samples. If the differences are real, they could imply a different stellar content for the E+A galaxies located in the field compared with those located in the cluster E+A galaxies.
Genetic evidence reveals density‐dependent mediated success of alternative mating behaviours in the European bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus)

The reproductive success of alternative mating behaviours may vary within and among populations in relation to environmental factors and demographic parameters. We used behavioural and genetic data to investigate how male density affects reproductive success of territoriality and sneaking in the European bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus, Cyprinidae), a freshwater fish that spawns on the gills of living freshwater mussels. Keeping the number of spawning sites constant, we manipulated male densities in laboratory and mesocosm experiments. We showed that sneaked fertilizations were common in R. sericeus, and that they increased significantly with male density. Territorial mating was almost 17 times more successful than sneaking at the lowest male density treatment, and still 2–3 times more successful at intermediate densities. However, both behaviours conferred the same fitness pay‐off at the highest male density. While the success of territorial males declined with male density, the success of individual sneaking males remained constant across densities. Notably, the capacity of territorial males to outcompete sneakers by preoviposition sperm loading was the best predictor of male reproductive success, rather than aggression, body size or postoviposition ejaculation.
Section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983 in Practice: An Audit and a Review

All applications of s.5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA) between January 1997 and December 1998 were examined to assess variables likely to affect outcome and to compare these findings to other similar published studies. Of the 154 applications (7% of all admissions), 56 were converted to s.3 and 39 to s.2 of the MHA. We found that the time of application, grade of doctor making the application and the day of application were the best predictors of outcome of s.5(2). Apart from a few exceptions, our findings were generally in keeping with previous published results. These findings suggest a national trend in the clinical use of s.5(2) and may provide a useful guide for those considering reform of this part of the MHA.
Intergroup anger in intractable conflict

Anger is one of the most common and destructive emotions in intergroup conflicts, frequently leading to an escalation of intergroup aggression. Prior research has focused on short-term antecedents of intergroup anger, typically using laboratory paradigms. We hypothesized that the long-term sentiment of anger (a broad predisposition that is unrelated to a particular action) would predict subsequent anger responses to provocation. We further hypothesized that this effect would be mediated by appraisals of unfairness of the Palestinians’ behavior during the war––one of the core appraisal themes associated with anger. To test this prediction, we used a unique two-wave nationwide representative panel design (n = 501) conducted in Israel during the last war in Gaza. Results showed that the long-term sentiment of anger towards Palestinians (and not general negative affect), measured 13 months prior to the Gaza War, predicted participants’ anger responses towards the Palestinians during the war. Furthermore, we found that the effects of long-term anger sentiments were mediated by the participants’ current appraisals of unfairness Palestinian behavior.
A New Multiple-Objects Tracking Method with Particle Filter

The new method stated in this paper is to model the multiple objects in the visual sequence into two-dimensional multi-peak probability distribution, which raised a new multiple-objects tracking method with particle filter. The results of importance resampling by the particle filter represent the probability distributions of the objects. Firstly, it gains the probability distribution model points of each object through mean-shift algorithm, and FCM (Fuzzy C – Means) is used to get the particle subset of the respective objects. Then final state of each object can be estimated and mean-shift kernel bandwidth parameter can be updated through particle subset. Finally, the movement of the objects can be tracked through data association. Experiments prove that this algorithm can be more effectively and more stably applied onto the tracking of multiple-objects complicated movements, such as spinning, zooming, masking, etc.
Single Cell Analysis Reveals Regulated Hierarchical T Cell Antigen Receptor Signaling Thresholds and Intraclonal Heterogeneity for Individual Cytokine Responses of CD 4 1 T Cells

T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of peptide–major histocompatibility complex antigens can elicit a diverse array of effector activities. Here we simultaneously analyze TCR engagement and the production of multiple cytokines by individual cells in a clonal Th1 CD4 1 cell population. Low concentrations of TCR ligand elicit only interferong (IFNg ) production. Increasing ligand recruits more cells into the IFNg 1 pool, increases IFNg produced per cell, and also elicits IL-2, but only from cells already making IFNg . Most cells producing only IFNg show less TCR downmodulation than cells producing both cytokines, consistent with a requirement for more TCR signaling to elicit IL-2 than to evoke IFNg synthesis. These studies emphasize the hierarchical organization of TCR signaling thresholds for induction of distinct cytokine responses, and demonstrate that this threshold phenomenon applies to individual cells. The existence of such thresholds suggests that antigen dose may dictate not only the extent, but also the quality of an immune response, by altering the ratios of the cytokines produced by activated T cells. The quantitative relationships in this response hierarchy change in response to costimulation through CD28 or LFA-1, as well as the differentiation state of the lymphocyte, explaining how variations in these parameters in the face of a fixed antigen load can qualitatively influence immune outcomes. Finally, although the IFNg /IL-2 hierarchy is seen with most cells, among cells with the greatest TCR downmodulation, some produce only IFNg and not IL-2, and the amount of IFNg exceeds that in double producers. Thus, these single cell analyses also provide clear evidence of nonquantitative intraclonal heterogeneity in cytokine production by long-term Th1 cells, indicating additional complexity of T cell function during immune responses.
Macular microcirculation and macular oedema in branch retinal vein occlusion

Background/aims: The relationship between the blood-flow velocity in the perifoveal capillaries and macular oedema was investigated in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods: This study compared 18 patients with BRVO and 16 healthy volunteers. Perifoveal capillary blood-flow velocity was measured on fluorescein angiograms with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope by the tracing method. Retinal thickness at the central fovea was measured by optical coherence tomography. Then, the relation between perifoveal capillary blood-flow velocity and retinal thickness at the central fovea was investigated. Results: Perifoveal capillary blood-flow velocity was significantly lower in the patients with BRVO (1.08 (SD 0.28) mm/s) than in the healthy volunteers (1.49 (0.11) mm/s) (p<0.0001). Capillary blood-flow velocity showed a negative correlation with the retinal thickness at the central fovea in the two groups (r = −0.8426, p<0.0001). Multivariate linear regression analysis with stepwise variable selection confirmed that capillary blood-flow velocity was an independent determinant of the retinal thickness at the central fovea (p<0.001). Conclusion: A reduction in perifoveal capillary blood-flow velocity may be involved in the development of macular oedema in patients with BRVO.
Solvent extraction and separation of hafnium from zirconium using Ionquest 801

industries, its nuclear properties in the pure metallic form make it highly desirable for nuclear applications. Zr is highly corrosion resistant and has a high melting point (2128 K) with a low thermal neutron absorption cross-section of Zr T = 0.18 b, which is significantly smaller than that of hafnium Hf T =115 b) (Speer, 1982), an element that coexists with Zr in nature. This makes Zr ideal for nuclear cladding material and for an inert fuel matrix (Chadwick et al., 2011). Since unrefined Zr metal is more prone to corrosion in a high-temperature aqueous and steam environment (due to metallic and nonmetallic impurities), stringent quality standards have to be met to ensure optimal performance of the zirconium alloy in a nuclear environment. This requires zirconium alloys with a low neutron capture coefficient, high corrosion resistance with regard to nuclear coolants, high manufacturability, and cracking resistance of components during operation, as well as in the manufacturing process itself. While Zr for use in the nuclear industry needs to contain less than 100 ppm Hf, various aspects of metal procurement, purification, and production have to be taken into account to make zirconium alloy of the highest grade. The <100 ppm Hf requirement is likely to be replaced soon by an American equivalent, Zircaloy-4; or Russian equivalent, Zr-1%Nb. These zirconium alloys, which are already in use in nuclear reactors, contain Hf concentrations as low as 42 ppm and 80 ppm respectively (Nikulina and Malgin, 2008). The main impurities found in nucleargrade Zr are titanium (Ti), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), fluorine (F), phosphorous (P), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), and hafnium (Hf). The most is known about the effects of O, N, H, C, Si, Al, Fe, Ni, and Hf. The presence of N, C, Al, and Ti results in decreased corrosion resistance (in high-temperature aqueous environments), while the presence of C, H, Si, Cl, P, and F results in decreased fracture toughness and, as a result, poor manufacturability and cracking resistance of parts. Oxygen improves the strength of zirconium alloys, while Fe improves corrosion resistance. Ni intensifies hydrogen absorption, which in turn decreases fracture toughness. The detrimental effects of impurities on the properties of zirconium alloys are synergistic. Solvent extraction and separation of hafnium from zirconium using Ionquest 801
Characteristic of bio-geometric profile of students’ posture and physical fitness in process of physical education

Purpose: to determine specific features of bio-geometric profile of posture and physical fitness of students in process of physical education. Material: 250 students were tested. Video-recording and analysis of bio-geometric profile of human posture were fulfilled. Program Torso was used for this purpose. Results: it was found out that only 15.2% of students had correct posture. The most quantity of posture abnormalities was detected in 36.4% of the tested. In sagittal plane we observed the following types of abnormalities: round back - in 24.4% of students, slouching back - in 24% of students. We found that 63.3% of students with normal posture are in zone of risk. Low backbone flexibility, mobility of hip joints and elasticity of hamstrings was detected on students. Conclusions: students with unsatisfactory bio-geometric profile of posture (scoliosis posture - 43.33%; round back - 23. 33%; slouching back - 22. 73%) are in
Exendin-4 Alleviates High Glucose-Induced Rat Mesangial Cell Dysfunction through the AMPK Pathway

Background/Aims: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which counteracts insulin resistance in humans with type 2 diabetes, has been shown to ameliorate diabetic nephropathy in experimental models. However, the mechanisms through which GLP-1 modulates renal function remained illdefined. The present study investigated the putative mechanisms underlying effects of exendin-4, a GLP-1 analog, on mesangial cell proliferation and fibronectin. Methods: Rat mesangial cells (MCs) were treated with exendin-4 under high glucose conditions. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitors (compound C) and agonists (AICAR) were used to analyze the role of this kinase. Cell proliferation was measured using a MTT assay. Fibronectin expression and AMPK-signaling pathway activity were assessed using ELISA and Western blotting, respectively. The production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2 was evaluated using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Results: Exendin-4 inhibited cell proliferation and fibronectin secretion in high glucose-induced MCs. It also caused phosphorylation of AMPK and subsequently increased the ratio of MMP-2 to TIMP-2, which resulted in the degradation of fibronectin. Exendin-4 reversed extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and enhanced expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in MCs. Moreover, the activation of the AMPK pathway by exendin-4 was induced by AICAR, which was inhibited by compound C. Conclusion: Exendin-4 exerts an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and fibronectin secretion in rat MCs, partly through AMPK activation. These results may explain some of the beneficial effects of exendin-4 on the kidney.
Differential effects of p38MAP kinase inhibitors on the expression of inflammation‐associated genes in primary, interleukin‐1β‐stimulated human chondrocytes

Background and purpose: A main challenge in the therapy of osteoarthritis (OA) is the development of drugs that will modify the disease. Reliable test systems are necessary to enable an efficient screening of therapeutic substances. We therefore established a chondrocyte‐based in vitro cell culture model in order to characterize different p38MAPK inhibitors.
Parental Health and Adolescent Behavioral Adjustment

This study compared the frequency of problem behaviors in adolescents of parents with chronic health conditions and adolescents of healthy parents. Eighty-one families of 6th, 7th, and 8th graders in rural Florida completed a battery of questionnaires including a health history form, the SF-36 Health Survey, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Youth Self-Report. The presence of a chronic health condition in the father was strongly related to more behavior problems in adolescents. The presence of a chronic health condition in the mother was not significantly associated with adolescent behavior problems. However, lower health-related quality of life in both mothers and fathers was associated with more behavior problems. Contrary to past findings, no significant interactions between the sex of the child and the health status of the same-sex parent were found. Parental health status should be considered in the evaluation and treatment of adolescent behavior problems. In addition, further research examining the relation between fathers' health status and childhood adjustment is needed.
Is there a role for glucocorticoid receptor β in asthma ?

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are routinely used as anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of asthma. They act through binding to glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα), which represses numerous genes encoding pro-inflammatory mediators. A hormone binding deficient GR isoform named GRβ has been isolated in humans. When overexpressed by transfection, GRβ may function as a dominant negative modulator of GRα. However, to act as such, GRβ has to be more abundant than GRα, and conflicting data have been obtained concerning the relative levels of the two isoforms in cell lines and freshly isolated cells. Moreover, the dominant negative effect was not confirmed by independent laboratories. In GCresistant asthmatics, GRβ was expressed by an increased number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), airway T cells, and cells found in skin biopsies of tuberculin responses. However, the relative amounts of GRα and GRβ in these cells were not determined. In GC-dependent asthmatics, PBMCs expressed GRα predominantly. No cells containing higher levels of GRβ than GRα have yet been reported in asthmatics. Even if the existence of such cells is demonstrated, the role of GRβ in asthma will remain a matter of controversy because functional studies have given discrepant data.
Automatically Detecting and Attributing Indirect Quotations

Direct quotations are used for opinion min- ing and information extraction as they have an easy to extract span and they can be attributed to a speaker with high accuracy. However, simply focusing on direct quotations ignores around half of all reported speech, which is in the form of indirect or mixed speech. This work presents the first large-scale experiments in indirect and mixed quotation extraction and attribution. We propose two methods of ex- tracting all quote types from news articles and evaluate them on two large annotated corpora, one of which is a contribution of this work. We further show that direct quotation attribu- tion methods can be successfully applied to in- direct and mixed quotation attribution.
A Pilot Study Examining Gambling Behaviour Before and After the Launch of the National Lottery and Scratch Cards in the UK

This study monitored gambling behaviour in 206 residents of Cambridgeshire before and after the launch of United Kingdom's National Lottery. A Gambling questionnaire which included the gambling criteria from the Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV. questions about demographic data, and National Lottery and scratch cards purchases was administered randomly to residents in Cambridgeshire. The study found that the affirmative responses in the DSM-IV criteria increased significantly at 6 months after the introduction of the National Lottery and remained at that level at the 12 month follow up. Although symptoms of pathological gambling rose, there was no increase in cases of pathological gamblers. Furthermore, individuals with annual household incomes of less than £ 20.000 and individuals with less than an O level education purchased more National Lottery tickets and scratch cards per week. This may suggest that these people may be vulnerable to develop problems with lottery and scratch card play.
Satisfaction of School Principals with their Work

Although manyjob satisfaction studies have been conducted, they have tended to focus primarily on production workers rather than on administrators. To help offset this imbalance, this research project examined the job satisfaction of a random sample of schoolprincipals. Aspects of their job satisfaction are presented and discussed in this article and are related to previousfindings and to Herzberg's two-factor theory. The results provide insights into the role of the schoolprincipal. Methodological concerns in the study of job satisfaction are also presented.
Articulatory Strategies for Lip and Tongue Movements in Silent versus Vocalized Speech

In the context of Silent Speech Communication (SSC) development after total laryngectomy rehabilitation, tongue and lip movements were recorded with a portable ultrasound transducer and a CCD video camera respectively. A list of 60 French minimal-pairs and a list of 50 most frequent French words were pronounced in vocalized and silent mode by one speaker. Amplitude and timing of the articulatory movements were measured and compared in the two modes. This study showed for silent speech, i) a reduced duration of words, ii) a general hypoarticulation for lips, but non significant changes for tongue movements depending on the type of vowel and consonant.
REGULATION OF MOUSE ORGANIC ANION-TRANSPORTING POLYPEPTIDES (OATPS) IN LIVER BY PROTOTYPICAL MICROSOMAL ENZYME INDUCERS THAT ACTIVATE DISTINCT TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PATHWAYS

Drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters are key factors that affect disposition of xenobiotics. Phase I enzyme induction by classes of microsomal enzyme inducers occurs via activation of transcription factors such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, regulation of organic anion-transporting polypeptide (Oatp) uptake transporters by these factors is poorly understood. Hepatic Oatp uptake of some chemicals must occur prior to biotransformation; thus, we hypothesize that expression of Oatps and biotransformation enzymes is coordinately regulated in liver. In the present study, the effects of known chemical activators of AhR, CAR, PXR, PPARα, and Nrf2 on the hepatic mRNA expression of mouse Oatps and drug-metabolizing enzymes were quantified by the branched DNA assay. All chemicals increased the expression of their well characterized target drug-metabolizing enzymes: AhR ligands increased Cyp1A1, CAR activators increased Cyp2B10, PXR ligands increased Cyp3A11, PPARα ligands increased Cyp4A14, and Nrf2 activators induced NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1. AhR ligands (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyl 126, and β-naphthoflavone) increased Oatp2b1 and 3a1 mRNA expression in liver. CAR activators [phenobarbital, 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene, and diallyl sulfide] decreased Oatp1a1 mRNA expression. Two PXR ligands [pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile (PCN) and spironolactone] increased Oatp1a4 mRNA expression in liver, whereas PXR ligands (PCN, spironolactone, and dexamethasone) and PPARα ligands (clofibrate, ciprofibrate, and diethylhexylphthalate) decreased Oatp1a1, 1b2, 2a1, and 2b1 mRNA expression in liver. Nrf2 activators (oltipraz, ethoxyquin, and butylated hydroxyanisole) down-regulated Oatp1a1 but up-regulated Oatp2b1 mRNA expression. Therefore, only a few transcription factor activators increased Oatp expression, and, surprisingly, many decreased Oatp expression.