Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trial of a brief research-based intervention promoting fruit and vegetable consumption.

OBJECTIVE The present study sought to test the efficacy of a brief research-based, leaflet-like intervention to promote eating the recommended daily intake of fruit and vegetables (RDIFV). DESIGN A controlled, pre- post-test experimental study with random allocation and a 1 week self-report behavioural follow-up was conducted. METHOD The intervention employed persuasive communication targeting self-efficacy and intention, and invited participants to form implementation intentions in relation to acquiring and preparing fruit and vegetables for consumption. RESULTS Intervention participants had stronger post-intervention intentions to consume the RDIFV, and higher anticipated regret in relation to failing to do so, compared with controls, controlling for pre-intervention scores. At follow-up, the intervention group was found to have eaten more fruit and vegetables and to have consumed the RDIFV more frequently. DISCUSSION It is concluded that this study supports the previously reported power of implementation intentions to prompt enactment of intentions, and that a brief research-based leaflet-like intervention could result in immediate enhancement of intentions and anticipated regret, and promote greater fruit and vegetable consumption.
Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Nasal Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from a Chinese Medical College Campus

Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection occur more commonly among persons living or working in crowded conditions, but characterization of S. aureus colonization within medical communities in China is lacking. A total of 144 (15.4%, 144/935) S. aureus isolates, including 28 (3.0%, 28/935) MRSA isolates, were recovered from the nares of 935 healthy human volunteers residing on a Chinese medical college campus. All S. aureus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin and linezolid but the majority were resistant to penicillin (96.5%), ampicillin/sulbactam (83.3%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (93.1%). 82%, (23/28) of the MRSA isolates and 66% (77/116) of the MSSA isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics, and 3 MRSA isolates were resistant to mupirocin—an agent commonly used for nasal decolonization. 16 different sequence types (STs), as well as SCCmec genes II, III, IVd, and V, were represented among MRSA isolates. We also identified, for the first time, two novel STs (ST1778 and ST1779) and 5 novel spa types for MRSA. MRSA isolates were distributed in different sporadic clones, and ST59-MRSA-VId- t437 was found within 3 MRSA isolates. Moreover, one isolate with multidrug resistance belonging to ST398-MRSA-V- t571 associated with animal infections was identified, and 3 isolates distributed in three different clones harbored PVL genes. Collectively, these data indicate a high prevalence of nasal MRSA carriage and molecular heterogeneity of S. aureus isolates among persons residing on a Chinese medical college campus. Identification of epidemic MRSA clones associated with community infection supports the need for more effective infection control measures to reduce nasal carriage and prevent dissemination of MRSA to hospitalized patients and health care workers in this community.
Emerging role of Natural killer cells in oncolytic virotherapy

Natural killer (NK) cells constitute a subtype of lymphocytes that initiate innate immune responses against tumors and virus-infected cells. The ability of NK cells to kill target cells or to produce cytokines depends on the balance between signals from activating and inhibitory cell-surface receptors. Therapies with NK cells involve activation of endogenous NK cells and/or exogenous transfer by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation/adoptive cell therapy. To exploit the diverse functional abilities of NK cells for cancer immunotherapy, it is important to understand NK cell biology and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. The state of immune suppression prevalent in malignancies creates the need for innovative therapies. Oncolytic viruses are novel anticancer agents showing selective tropism for tumor cells and lacking pathogenicity in humans, but the use of oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) presents multiple challenges. An increasing body of evidence suggests that the host immune response may critically influence the outcome of OVT. Classically, the immune system is thought to limit the efficacy of therapy through virus clearance mediated by innate immune effectors or through adaptive antiviral immune responses eliminating infected cells. Effective strategies do need to be designed in OVT to circumvent the early antiviral activity of NK cells and to augment late NK-cell-mediated antitumor responses. The intrinsic immunostimulating capacity of oncolytic viruses and the possibility of engineering them to express heterologous immunostimulatory molecules (eg, cytokines) support the use of these agents to enhance antitumor immune responses besides inducing direct oncolytic effects. OVT has indeed shown promising therapeutic outcomes in various clinical trials. Here, we review the biology of NK cells, strategies involving NK cells for achieving cancer therapy, and, more particularly, the emerging role of NK cells in OVT.
Zero Inflation and the Friedman Rule: A Welfare Comparison

According to standard monetary theory, optimal monetary policy involves slight deflation. Central banks, however, advocate zero inflation. Is there a significant welfare difference between zero inflation and optimal deflation? The answer hinges on the behavior of money demand at low nominal interest rates. Estimates of a general money demand function imply that there is not a significant difference: zero inflation yields roughly 90 percent of the total benefits to be gained by moving from 5 percent inflation to optimal deflation.
Class 1 neural excitability, conventional synapses, weakly connected networks, and mathematical foundations of pulse-coupled models

Many scientists believe that all pulse-coupled neural networks are toy models that are far away from the biological reality. We show here, however, that a huge class of biophysically detailed and biologically plausible neural-network models can be transformed into a canonical pulse-coupled form by a piece-wise continuous, possibly noninvertible, change of variables. Such transformations exist when a network satisfies a number of conditions; e.g., it is weakly connected; the neurons are Class 1 excitable (i.e., they can generate action potentials with an arbitrary small frequency); and the synapses between neurons are conventional (i.e., axo-dendritic and axo-somatic). Thus, the difference between studying the pulse-coupled model and Hodgkin-Huxley-type neural networks is just a matter of a coordinate change. Therefore, any piece of information about the pulse-coupled model is valuable since it tells something about all weakly connected networks of Class 1 neurons. For example, we show that the pulse-coupled network of identical neurons does not synchronize in-phase. This confirms Ermentrout's result that weakly connected Class 1 neurons are difficult to synchronize, regardless of the equations that describe dynamics of each cell.
Effectiveness of policy to provide breastfeeding groups (BIG) for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers in primary care: cluster randomised controlled trial

Objective To assess the clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a policy to provide breastfeeding groups for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Design Cluster randomised controlled trial with prospective mixed method embedded case studies to evaluate implementation processes. Setting Primary care in Scotland. Participants Pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and babies registered with 14 of 66 eligible clusters of general practices (localities) in Scotland that routinely collect breastfeeding outcome data. Intervention Localities set up new breastfeeding groups to provide population coverage; control localities did not change group activity. Main outcome measures Primary outcome: any breast feeding at 6-8 weeks from routinely collected data for two pre-trial years and two trial years. Secondary outcomes: any breast feeding at birth, 5-7 days, and 8-9 months; maternal satisfaction. Results Between 1 February 2005 and 31 January 2007, 9747 birth records existed for intervention localities and 9111 for control localities. The number of breastfeeding groups increased from 10 to 27 in intervention localities, where 1310 women attended, and remained at 10 groups in control localities. No significant differences in breastfeeding outcomes were found. Any breast feeding at 6-8 weeks declined from 27% to 26% in intervention localities and increased from 29% to 30% in control localities (P=0.08, adjusted for pre-trial rate). Any breast feeding at 6-8 weeks increased from 38% to 39% in localities not participating in the trial. Women who attended breastfeeding groups were older (P<0.001) than women initiating breast feeding who did not attend and had higher income (P=0.02) than women in the control localities who attended postnatal groups. The locality cost was £13 400 (€14 410; $20 144) a year. Conclusion A policy for providing breastfeeding groups in relatively deprived areas of Scotland did not improve breastfeeding rates at 6-8 weeks. The costs of running groups would be similar to the costs of visiting women at home. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN44857041.
Associations between anisometropia, amblyopia, and reduced stereoacuity in a school-aged population with a high prevalence of astigmatism.

PURPOSE To describe the relation between magnitude of anisometropia and interocular acuity difference (IAD), stereoacuity (SA), and the presence of amblyopia in school-aged members of a Native American tribe with a high prevalence of astigmatism. METHODS Refractive error (cycloplegic autorefraction confirmed by retinoscopy), best corrected monocular visual acuity (VA; Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study logMAR charts), and best corrected SA (Randot Preschool Stereoacuity Test) were measured in 4- to 13-year-old Tohono O'odham children (N = 972). Anisometropia was calculated in clinical notation (spherical equivalent and cylinder) and in two forms of vector notation that take into account interocular differences in both axis and cylinder magnitude. RESULTS Astigmatism >or= 1.00 D was present in one or both eyes of 415 children (42.7%). Significant increases in IAD and presence of amblyopia (IAD >or= 2 logMAR lines) occurred, with >or=1 D of hyperopic anisometropia and >or=2 to 3 D of cylinder anisometropia. Significant decreases in SA occurred with >or=0.5 D of hyperopic, myopic, or cylinder anisometropia. Results for vector notation depended on the analysis used, but also showed disruption of SA at lower values of anisometropia than were associated with increases in IAD and presence of amblyopia. CONCLUSIONS Best corrected IAD and presence of amblyopia are related to amount and type of refractive error difference (hyperopic, myopic, or cylindrical) between eyes. Disruption of best corrected random dot SA occurs with smaller interocular differences than those producing an increase in IAD, suggesting that the development of SA is particularly dependent on similarity of the refractive error between eyes.
The star formation history of K-selected galaxies

We have studied the μJy radio properties of K-selected galaxy populations detected in the Ultra-Deep Survey (UDS) portion of the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) Deep Sky Survey using 610- and 1400-MHz images from the Very Large Array and the Giant Metre-wave Telescope. These deep radio mosaics, combined with the largest and deepest K-band image currently available, allow high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) detections of many K-selected subpopulations, including sBzK and pBzK star-forming and passive galaxies. We find a strong correlation between the radio and K-band fluxes and a linear relationship between star formation rate (SFR) and K-band luminosity. We find no evidence, either from radio spectral indices or a comparison with submm-derived SFRs, that the full sample is strongly contaminated by active galactic nuclei (AGN) at these low flux densities, though this is very difficult to determine from this data set. The photometric redshift distributions for the BzK galaxies place 37 (29) per cent of pBzK (sBzK) galaxies at z 1.4, the pBzK galaxies become difficult to detect in the radio stack, though the implied SFRs are still much higher than expected for passively evolving galaxies. It may be that their radio emission comes from low-luminosity AGN. Extremely red objects (EROs) straddle the passive and star-forming regions of the BzK diagram and also straddle the two groups in terms of their radio properties. We find that K-bright ERO samples are dominated by passive galaxies and faint ERO samples contain more star-forming galaxies. The star formation history (SFH) from stacking all K-band sources in the UDS agrees well with that derived for other wavebands and other radio surveys, at least out to z ∼ 2. The radio-derived SFH then appears to fall more steeply than that measured at other wavelengths. The SSFR for K-selected sources rises strongly with redshift at all stellar masses, and shows a weak dependence on stellar mass. High- and low-mass galaxies show a similar decline in SSFR since z ∼ 2.
Selecting Countermeasures for ICT Systems Before They are Attacked

A countermeasure is any change to a system to reduce the probability it is successfully attacked. We propose a model based approach that selects countermeasures through multiple simulations of the behaviors of an ICT system and of intelligent attackers that implement sequences of attacks. The simulations return information on the attacker sequences and the goals they reach we use to compute the statistics that drive the selection. Since attackers change their sequences as countermeasures are deployed, we have deﬁned an iterative strategy where each iteration selects some countermeasures, updates the system models and runs the simulations to discover any new attacker sequence. The discovery of new sequences starts a new iteration. The Haruspex suite automates the proposed approach. Some of its tools acquire information on the target system and on the attackers and build the corresponding models. Another tool simulates the attacks through the models of the system and of the attackers. The tool to select countermeasures invokes the other ones to discover how countermeasures inﬂuence the attackers. We apply the whole suite to three systems and discuss how the connection topology inﬂuences the countermeasures to adopt.
Geologic map of the Tolstoj Quadrangle of Mercury

PLAINS MATERIALS pvs VERY SMOOTH PLAINS MATERIAL—Occurs as smooth planar surfaces only in floors of c 4 and c 5 craters (FDS 529126). Very few superposed craters at Mariner 10 resolutions. Interpretation: Probably shock-melt and fallback associated with formation of individual craters ps SMOOTH PLAINS MATERIAL—Forms flat to gently rolling plains in extremely large annulus surrounding Caloris Basin, and in southeastern part of quadrangle in smaller patches associated with basin (for example, Tolstoj; FDS 166912) and crater (c 1 to c 3) floors (FDS 223). Also occurs in southeast in vague topographic lows of uncertain origin. Characterized by abundant small bright-halo craters (FDS 214, 221) and sharp overlapping contacts with older terrain. Sinuous to lobate ridges are abundant. Interpretation: Uncertain; some areas may consist of fluidized shock-melt materials created by Caloris impact. Alternatively, may be post-Caloris volcanic flows. Unequivocal volcanic vents and lava-flow fronts not observed. Unit appears to be equivalent to and younger than a late c 3 crater age, as indicated by relatively few superposed c 3 craters >30 km in diameter psi INTERMEDIATE PLAINS MATERIAL—Forms flat to rolling plains in c 1 to c 3 craters and in topographic depressions. Contains fewer superposed craters than intercrater plains but may form more convex, overlapping contacts with older terrain than do smooth plains (see craters Goya and Rublev: FDS 166907, 246, 223). Interpretation: Uncertain; may consist of shock-melt and breccia materials moved into topographic depressions by mass-wasting processes; may also consist in part of volcanic materials. Age relations to intercrater and smooth plains uncertain, primarily because of insufficient resolution. May have origin similar to smooth plains but deposited over a considerably longer period. Possibly analogous to widespread light lunar plains pi INTERCRATER PLAINS MATERIAL—Forms very extensive, gently rolling ground between large c 1 and c 2 craters, primarily in southeast half of quadrangle (FDS 124). Overlaps parts of Tolstoj Basin. Unit has high density of superposed 5-to 10-km-diameter craters, many of which are elongate and shallow or open on one side, features suggesting secondary-crater morphology (FDS 223). Surface nearly saturated with visually indistinct but topographically distinct circular depressions but essentially free of well-defined craters larger than about 50 km in diameter. Interpretation: A generally planar surface consisting of highly eroded remnants of large craters and basins that are only very shallow circular depressions (Malin, 1976). May consist of mixture of basin-related ejecta (breccia) and volcanic deposits emplaced during later …
Predicting Active Users' Personality Based on Micro-Blogging Behaviors

Because of its richness and availability, micro-blogging has become an ideal platform for conducting psychological research. In this paper, we proposed to predict active users' personality traits through micro-blogging behaviors. 547 Chinese active users of micro-blogging participated in this study. Their personality traits were measured by the Big Five Inventory, and digital records of micro-blogging behaviors were collected via web crawlers. After extracting 845 micro-blogging behavioral features, we first trained classification models utilizing Support Vector Machine (SVM), differentiating participants with high and low scores on each dimension of the Big Five Inventory. The classification accuracy ranged from 84% to 92%. We also built regression models utilizing PaceRegression methods, predicting participants' scores on each dimension of the Big Five Inventory. The Pearson correlation coefficients between predicted scores and actual scores ranged from 0.48 to 0.54. Results indicated that active users' personality traits could be predicted by micro-blogging behaviors.
NMDA Receptors Containing the GluN2D Subunit Control Neuronal Function in the Subthalamic Nucleus

The GluN2D subunit of the NMDA receptor is prominently expressed in the basal ganglia and associated brainstem nuclei, including the subthalamic nucleus (STN), globus pallidus, striatum, and substantia nigra. However, little is known about how GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors contribute to synaptic activity in these regions. Using Western blotting of STN tissue punches, we demonstrated that GluN2D is expressed in the rat STN throughout development [age postnatal day 7 (P7)–P60] and in the adult (age P120). Immunoelectron microscopy of the adult rat brain showed that GluN2D is predominantly expressed in dendrites, unmyelinated axons, and axon terminals within the STN. Using subunit-selective allosteric modulators of NMDA receptors (TCN-201, ifenprodil, CIQ, and DQP-1105), we provide evidence that receptors containing the GluN2B and GluN2D subunits mediate responses to exogenously applied NMDA and glycine, as well as synaptic NMDA receptor activation in the STN of rat brain slices. EPSCs in the STN were mediated primarily by AMPA and NMDA receptors and GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors controlled the slow deactivation time course of EPSCs in the STN. In vivo recordings from the STN of anesthetized adult rats demonstrated that the spike firing rate was increased by the GluN2C/D potentiator CIQ and decreased by the GluN2C/D antagonist DQP-1105, suggesting that NMDA receptor activity can influence STN output. These data indicate that the GluN2B and GluN2D NMDA receptor subunits contribute to synaptic activity in the STN and may represent potential therapeutic targets for modulating subthalamic neuron activity in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a key component of the basal ganglia, a group of subcortical nuclei that control movement and are dysregulated in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Subthalamic neurons receive direct excitatory input, but the pharmacology of excitatory synaptic transmission in the STN has been understudied. Here, we show that GluN2B- and GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors mediate the NMDA receptor component of EPSCs in subthalamic neurons. Moreover, our results demonstrate that pharmacologic modulation of GluN2D-containing receptors alters the time course of EPSCs and controls the in vivo spike-firing rate in the STN. This study identifies GluN2D as a potential target for modulating subthalamic neuron activity.
Exploring the relationships between gamification and motivational needs in technology design

PurposeDrawing upon the motivational affordance theory, this paper aims to investigate how gamification design and human motivational needs are associated in extant literature.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a literature analysis of 60 journal articles that studied motivational influences of gamification in information technology design. Content analysis was used to identify game design features and motivation variables studied in prior literature, and correspondence analysis was used to show the co-occurrence of game design features and basic motivational needs.FindingsThe results showed that four types of game design features and eight basic motivational needs are studied in this pool of literature. Correspondence analysis indicates some interesting associations between game design features and basic human needs.Research limitations/implicationsThis research used a motivational affordance perspective to interpret the impact of game design features and suggested directions for future investigations. It is limited due to its sample size and considered as an exploratory study.Practical implicationsThis research provided suggestions for technology designers that game design features vary in their motivational influence, and therefore, game design features should be used accordingly to meet users’ motivational needs.Originality/valueThis research is one of initial studies which explored the association between game design features and basic motivational needs. The findings of this study provide the groundwork for guidelines and strategies to facilitate motivational design in information technology.