Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relational Operations and Uncertainty Measure in Rough Relational Database

The traditional relational database model RDM is not effective for dealing with imprecise and uncertain data as it deals with precise and unambiguous data. Hence, Beaubouef et al. proposed the rough relational database model RRDM for the management of uncertainty in relational databases. Beaubouef et al. defined the corresponding rough relational operators in rough relational databases as in ordinary relational databases. And to give an effective measure of uncertainty in rough relational databases, they defined the rough relation entropy. In this paper, we further discuss the issues of relational operations and uncertainty measure in rough relational databases. We give some new definitions for rough relational operators and rough relation entropy in rough relational databases. Furthermore, we discuss the basic properties of rough relational operators and rough relation entropy, as well as the connections between rough relational operators and rough relation entropy.
A non-randomized study of safety and efficacy of heparin for DVT prophylaxis in intracerebral haemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous heparin for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) during acute phase in comparison to elastic stockings. METHODS The diagnosis of ICH was based on imaging (CT or MRI) and DVT was based on Doppler ultrasound. RESULTS A total of 458 patients were identified over a period of 5 years (1997-2001). Median age was 59 years (range:12-99 years). Two hundred (44%) patients received heparin (heparin group) in addition to elastic stockings and 258 (56%) patients were only given elastic stockings (stockings group). These two groups were not randomized. Heparin was administered subcutaneously (SQ) in doses of 2500-5000 international units twice daily. Two groups were matched for age (p = 0.5), sex (p = 0.28), presence of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.14), cigarette smoking (p = 0.045) and presence of hydrocephalus or midline shift on CT/MRI (p= 0.87). One patient developed DVT in control group while none developed DVT in heparin group (p = 0.18). One patient had worsening of ICH on repeat CT scan in Heparin group. This worsening was non fatal. Systemic haemorrhagic complications (non fatal) were seen in 7 (14%) patients receiving heparin. Twenty five patients (12%) in heparin group and 52 (20%) in control group died (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Subcutaneous heparin in doses of 2500-5000 units twice daily during acute phase in patients with ICH may be safe for DVT prophylaxis. It was not superior to elastic stockings in a non-randomized comparison to prevent DVT.
Room Temperature Co-Precipitation Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles in a Large pH Window with Different Bases

Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) represent the most promising materials in medical applications. To favor high-drug or enzyme loading on the nanoparticles, they are incorporated into mesoporous materials to form a hybrid support with the consequent reduction of magnetization saturation. The direct synthesis of mesoporous structures appears to be of interest. To this end, magnetite nanoparticles have been synthesized using a one pot co-precipitation reaction at room temperature in the presence of different bases, such as NaOH, KOH or (C2H5)4NOH. Magnetite shows characteristics of superparamagnetism at room temperature and a saturation magnetization (Ms) value depending on both the crystal size and the degree of agglomeration of individual nanoparticles. Such agglomeration appears to be responsible for the formation of mesoporous structures, which are affected by the pH, the nature of alkali, the slow or fast addition of alkaline solution and the drying modality of synthesized powders.
Raloxifene and Antiestrogenic Gonadorelin Inhibits Intestinal Tumorigenesis by Modulating Immune Cells and Decreasing Stem-like Cells

Studies suggest that estrogen plays a contributing role in colorectal cancer. This project examined the preventive effects of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), and gonadorelin, an antiestrogenic drug, in female ApcMin/+ mouse intestinal tumorigenesis. Six-week-old ApcMin/+mice were fed diet containing 1 ppm raloxifene or control diet. Gonadorelin (150 ng/mouse) was injected subcutaneously into one treatment group. Intestinal tumors were evaluated for tumor multiplicity and size. Mice treated with raloxifene and gonadorelin showed colon tumor inhibition of 80% and 75%, respectively. Both drugs significantly inhibited small intestinal tumor multiplicity and size (75%–65%, P < 0.0001). Raloxifene and gonadorelin showed significant tumor inhibition with 98% and 94% inhibition of polyps >2 mm in size. In mice fed with raloxifene or injected with gonadorelin, tumors showed significantly reduced proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression (58%–65%, P < 0.0001). Raloxifene treatment decreased β-catenin, cyclin D1, laminin 1β, Ccl6, and stem-like cells (Lgr 5, EpCAM, CD44/CD24), as well as suppressed inflammatory genes (COX-2, mPGES-1, 5-LOX,). Gonadorelin showed significant decrease in COX-2, mPGES-1, iNOS, and stem-like cells or increased NK cells and chemokines required for NK cells. Both drugs were effective in suppressing tumor growth albeit with different mechanisms. These observations show that either suppression of estrogen levels or modulation of estrogen receptor dramatically suppresses small intestinal and colonic tumor formation in female ApcMin/+ mice. These results support the concept of chemoprevention by these agents in reducing endogenous levels of estrogen or modulating ER signaling. Cancer Prev Res; 7(3); 300–9. ©2014 AACR.
Interpolative computation of two slot dimensions in a rectangular microstrip antenna given the mode number and the resonant frequency

In this work, we present an enhanced version of our algorithm that can evaluate dimensions of a slot being placed within a patch surface of a rectangular microstrip antenna. While in the earlier work we were able to compute only one slot dimension, in this paper we present the computation of two slot dimensions, given the desired resonant frequency and the mode of operation. The paper discusses how the slot length and the distance from the patch edge are computed, and the results are verified by a a full-wave electromagnetic solver for each of the presented test cases.
First detection of [CII]158 μm at high redshift : vigorous star formation in the early universe

We report the detection of the $^2\rm P_{3/2} \rightarrow {^2P_{1/2}}$ fine-structure line of $\rm C^+$ at 157.74 $\rm \mu m$ in SDSS J114816.64+525150.3 (hereafter J1148+5251), the most distant known quasar, at $z=6.42$, using the IRAM 30-m telescope. This is the first detection of the [Cii] line at high redshift, and also the first detection in a Hyperluminous Infrared Galaxy ($L_{\rm FIR} > 10^{13} \, L_\odot$). The [Cii] line is detected at a significance level of 8 σ and has a luminosity of $ 4.4\times 10^9 \,L_\odot$. The $L_{\rm [CII]}/L_{\rm FIR}$ ratio is $\rm 2\times 10^{-4}$, about an order of magnitude smaller than observed in local normal galaxies and similar to the ratio observed in local Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies. The [Cii] line luminosity indicates that the host galaxy of this quasar is undergoing an intense burst of star formation with an estimated rate of ≈ $ 3000 \, M_\odot \, \rm yr^{-1}$. The detection of $\rm C^+$ in SDSS J1148+5251 suggests a significant enrichment of metals at $z\sim 6$ (age of the universe ~870 Myr), although the data are consistent with a reduced carbon to oxygen ratio as expected from chemical evolutionary models of the early phases of galaxy formation.
Influence of degree of conversion on the biocompatibility of different composites in vivo.

PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between biocompatibility and degree of monomer conversion of composites used to bond brackets to enamel, porcelain, resin, or metal surfaces at different time intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were used, divided into 4 groups (n = 6) as follows: group C (control, polyethylene), group TCC (Transbond Color Change), group QC (Quick-Cure), and group EB (Eagle Bond). These substances were inserted into subcutaneous tissue. The events of inflammatory infiltrate, edema, necrosis, granulation tissue, multinuclear giant cells, young fibroblasts, and collagen formation were analyzed. The degree of conversion was evaluated by the Fourier method using infrared spectroscopy. Biocompatibility and degree of conversion were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests, and ANOVA and Tukey's test, respectively (p < 0.05). RESULTS The composites caused a small amount of inflammatory infiltrate, edema, and granulation tissue at all experimental time intervals, showing a gradual reduction over time (p > 0.05). Group TCC showed the highest amount of fibroblasts and EB the smallest at the time interval of 15 days (p = 0.035). Group TCC showed the highest amount of collagen fibers and EB the smallest throughout the experiment; there was a significant difference in terms of collagen fibers between groups QC and EB, which differed from the control at 7 days (p = 0.006), and between groups EB and TCC (p = 0.018) at 30 days. Monomer conversion ranged from 64.1% in group EB at 7 days to 85.3% in group TCC at 30 days. CONCLUSION Transbond Color Change composite showed a higher degree of conversion and a better healing process compared to Eagle Bond composite at 15 and 30 days. Quick-cure composite demonstrated a better degree of conversion and healing process than that of Eagle Bond, but this was not statistically significantly different.
Evolution and Color Dependence of the Galaxy Angular Correlation Function: 350,000 Galaxies in 5 Square Degrees

When applied to deep photometric catalogs, the two-point angular correlation function, ω(θ), is a sensitive probe of the evolution of galaxy clustering properties. Here we present measurements of ω(θ) as a function of IAB magnitude and (R - I) color to a depth of IAB = 24 on scales θ = 7′′-3′, using a sample of ~350,000 galaxies covering 5 deg2 in total over five separate fields. Using redshifts of 2954 galaxies in early DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey data, we construct robust galaxy redshift distributions as a function of IAB magnitude and (R - I) color for galaxies in the range 0 < z < 2. We constrain models of the redshift evolution of galaxy clustering and find that significant growth of clustering has occurred from z ≥ 1 to z = 0. A model in which the comoving scale length, x0, evolves linearly with redshift, x0(z) = x0(0)(1 - Bz), fits the data better than the ϵ model proposed by Groth & Peebles. The clustering properties depend strongly on observed (R - I) color, with both the reddest and bluest galaxies exhibiting large clustering amplitudes and steeper slopes. Different observed (R - I) color ranges are sensitive to very disparate redshift regimes. Red galaxies with (R - I) ~ 1.5 lie in a narrow redshift range centered at z ~ 0.85 and have a comoving scale length of clustering at z = 0.85 of x0 = 5.0 ± 0.3 h-1 Mpc. These galaxies have early-type spectra and are likely progenitors of massive local ellipticals. The bluest galaxies with (R - I) ~ 0 appear to be a mix of star-forming galaxies, both relatively local (z ~ 0.3-0.6) dwarfs and bright z > 1.4 galaxies, as well as broad-line active galactic nuclei. We find that local blue dwarfs are relatively unclustered, with x0 = 1.6 ± 0.2 h-1 Mpc. The z > 1.4 blue galaxies have a larger clustering scale length, x0 ≳ 5 h-1 Mpc.
Surface Electrocardiographic Characteristics of Right and Left Atrial Flutter

Background There is little information about the surface expression of non‐cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)‐ dependent right atrial (RA) or left atrial (LA) flutter circuits. Methods and Results We retrospectively evaluated 32 episodes (in 26 patients) of atypical RA and 22 episodes (in 21 patients) of LA flutter. The surface ECG of 13 patients with lower‐loop reentry was similar to that of their pattern during counterclockwise (CCW) CTI atrial flutter (AFL), except for decreased amplitude of the terminal forces in the inferior leads. In 11 of 24 episodes characterized by high or multiple breaks over the crista, the ECG showed changes that depended on the initial activation sequence of the LA. In 7 of 8 episodes of upper‐loop reentry, the ECG pattern completely mimicked that for clockwise (CW) CTI AFL. All 11 patients with an LA septal circuit showed a typical ECG pattern characterized by prominent forces in lead V1 with flat deflections in the other surface leads. Eleven patients with other LA circuits had a more variable pattern but showed decreased voltage in the inferior leads compared with that of a group with CCW‐CTI AFL (1.6±1 vs 2.68±0.7 mV, respectively; P<0.05). Conclusions The RA surface‐ECG patterns different from those of CCW or CW‐CTI could still be CTI dependent. In contrast, a typical CW‐CTI surface pattern was always seen in patients with upper‐loop reentry, which was non‐CTI dependent. LA AFL circuits had either flat or low‐amplitude forces in the inferior leads. (Circulation. 2003;108:60‐66.)
A dispersion sensor using whispering gallery modes in a cylindrical micro-cavity

Whispering gallery modes (WGM) in a cylindrical micro-cavity of a silica optical fiber are excited with a tapered fiber of ~7μm in diameter by evanescence field, and the WGM spectra of the cylindrical micro-cavity with different diameters (300μm, 400μm and 500μm) are measured. The resonant positions and their separations of the spectra are assigned precisely by an asymptotic formula. Considering the fiber dispersion and the errors induced from it, the values of the resonant position and its separation achieved from assignment within the experimental spectra range (1290~1320 nm) match well with a theoretical calculation and a measured accuracy of the refractive index of the micro-cavity can be as high as 10-5, which indicates that a dispersion sensor can be formed by measuring the dispersive features of WGM in a cylindrical micro-cavity.
Multi-fold MIL Training for Weakly Supervised Object Localization

Object category localization is a challenging problem in computer vision. Standard supervised training requires bounding box annotations of object instances. This time-consuming annotation process is sidestepped in weakly supervised learning. In this case, the supervised information is restricted to binary labels that indicate the absence/presence of object instances in the image, without their locations. We follow a multiple-instance learning approach that iteratively trains the detector and infers the object locations in the positive training images. Our main contribution is a multi-fold multiple instance learning procedure, which prevents training from prematurely locking onto erroneous object locations. This procedure is particularly important when high-dimensional representations, such as the Fisher vectors, are used. We present a detailed experimental evaluation using the PASCAL VOC 2007 dataset. Compared to state-of-the-art weakly supervised detectors, our approach better localizes objects in the training images, which translates into improved detection performance.
Attenuation of Pressor Responses to Norepinephrine and Pitressin and Potentiation of Pressor Response to Angiotensin II by Captopril in Human Subjects

The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of captopril on cardiohemodynamic responses in 38 normal volunteers (20- to 35-year-old men) to exogenously administered vasopressor substances. Norepinephrine (NE), 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 μg/kg min−1; angiotensin II (AH), 5, 10, and 20 ng/kg min−1; and pitressin (2 mU/kg min−1) were infused for 10 minutes. Each infusion was repeated twice, and the responses were reproducible. Captopril (50 mg by mouth) significantly attenuated the pressor responses to NE and pitressin, but the decrease in heart rate in response to NE and pitressin was almost the same before and after captopril treatment, suggesting that captopril potentiates reflex slowing of the heart. Captopril significantly potentiated the pressor response to AIL Attenuation of pressor response and potentiation of reflex slowing of the heart, in response to NE and pitressin, disappeared when a subdepressor dose of AH (1 ng/kg min−1) was infused in addition to captopril. Infusion of a subdepressor dose of bradykinin (BK), 0.1 fig/kg min−1, had no influence on the pressor response to NE. In the subjects treated with indomethacin (225 μg/54 hrs), captopril still attenuated the pressor response to NE. These results suggest that captopril attenuates the pressor responses to NE and pitressin primarily by depletion of endogenous AH; decreased AH may desensitize the contraction of arterial smooth muscle and may potentiate the compensatory reflex mechanism. (Hypertension 4: 444–451, 1982)
Evaluating the automatic and manual creation process of adaptive lessons

Using adaptive, personalized courses is rewarding, as it can create a better learning experience, tailored for a specific learner's needs. The process of creating these courses, however, is cumbersome and time consuming. Authors can be helped by employing automatization methods that relieve the authoring burden. We previously proposed a method which uses information from an author's Desktop to suggest extensions to existing courses. In this paper we report an experimental evaluation of the method, focusing on usability aspects.
Avicennia germinans (black mangrove) vessel architecture is linked to chilling and salinity tolerance in the Gulf of Mexico

Over the last several decades, the distribution of the black mangrove Avicennia germinans in the Gulf of Mexico has expanded, in part because it can survive the occasional freeze events and high soil salinities characteristic of the area. Vessel architecture may influence mangrove chilling and salinity tolerance. We surveyed populations of A. germinans throughout the Gulf to determine if vessel architecture was linked to field environmental conditions. We measured vessel density, hydraulically weighted vessel diameter, potential conductance capacity, and maximum tensile fracture stress. At each sampling site we recorded mangrove canopy height and soil salinity, and determined average minimum winter temperature from archived weather records. At a subset of sites, we measured carbon fixation rates using a LI-COR 6400XT Portable Photosynthesis System. Populations of A. germinans from cooler areas (Texas and Louisiana) had narrower vessels, likely reducing the risk of freeze-induced embolisms but also decreasing water conductance capacity. Vessels were also narrower in regions with high soil salinity, including Texas, USA and tidal flats in Veracruz, Mexico. Vessel density did not consistently vary with temperature or soil salinity. In abiotically stressful areas, A. germinans had a safe hydraulic architecture with narrower vessels that may increase local survival. This safe architecture appears to come at a substantial physiological cost in terms of reduction in conductance capacity and carbon fixation potential, likely contributing to lower canopy heights. The current distribution of A. germinans in the Gulf is influenced by the complex interplay between temperature, salinity, and vessel architecture. Given the plasticity of A. germinans vessel characters, it is likely that this mangrove species will be able to adapt to a wide range of potential future environmental conditions, and continue its expansion in the Gulf of Mexico in response to near-term climate change.
Research on Some Properties of Fly Ash Concrete with Nano-CaCO3 Middle Slurry

Some long-term properties such as anti-carbonation properties, shrinkage, penetrability of chloride ion of fly ash concrete with nano-CaCO3 middle slurry were studied. Test results showed that the properties of anti-carbonation and impenetrability for chloride of fly ash concrete increased by adding nano-CaCO3 middle slurry because the tiny hole was filled by nano-CaCO3 and the density of concrete increased. But at the same time, the shrinkage of fly ash concrete with and without nano-CaCO3 was the same. Results of SEM also implied the hydration degree of fly ash could be increased by nano-CaCO3.
Neighborhood-Level Factors and Youth Violence: Giving Voice to the Perceptions of Prominent Neighborhood Individuals

Youth violence is a significant public health problem. Although the relationship between neighborhood-level factors and urban youth violence is recognized, the specific mechanisms of this relationship are often unclear. Prominent neighborhood individuals were identified within four select low-income urban neighborhoods in Baltimore City. In-depth interviews were conducted to explore these individuals' perceptions of the relationship between social and structural neighborhood-level factors and urban youth violence. Employment opportunities, local businesses, trash management, vacant housing, and street lighting were perceived as important neighborhood factors influencing young people's experiences. The relationship between these neighborhood characteristics and the local illicit drug market and youth violence is highlighted. Results provide an enhanced understanding of the importance of using a participatory-based research approach and the mechanisms of the relationship between neighborhood-level factors and youth violence. Both are critical components in designing and implementing multilevel youth violence prevention efforts.
The effect of desvenlafaxine on cognitive functioning in employed outpatients with major depressive disorder: a substudy of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

The objective of this substudy was to examine the effect of desvenlafaxine 50 mg/day compared with placebo on cognitive function in employed outpatients with major depressive disorder. A total of 11/55 (20%) study sites in a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial administered cognitive assessments in memory, attention, and executive functioning domains using the cognitive drug research system. Changes from baseline were subjected to analysis of covariance with baseline levels as covariates, using last observation carried forward data. A significant improvement with desvenlafaxine 50 mg/day (n=52) compared with placebo (n=29) was observed on the quality of working memory composite measure (0.081 units (0.005, 0.156); P=0.0365) at last observation carried forward. Improvement from baseline on the speed of working memory composite was significant for desvenlafaxine (−226.6 msec (−316.7, −136.4); P<0.0001) and for placebo (−133.3 msec (−257.2, −9.4); P=0.0354); however, the treatment effect was not significant. No significant differences between groups were observed on composite measures for attention. Treatment of depression with desvenlafaxine 50 mg/day may improve aspects of cognitive functioning, including working memory. Clinical Trial Registry No.: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00824291