Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Powerful Postures Versus Powerful Roles

Three experiments explored whether hierarchical role and body posture have independent or interactive effects on the main outcomes associated with power: action in behavior and abstraction in thought. Although past research has found that being in a powerful role and adopting an expansive body posture can each enhance a sense of power, two experiments showed that when individuals were placed in high- or low-power roles while adopting an expansive or constricted posture, only posture affected the implicit activation of power, the taking of action, and abstraction. However, even though role had a smaller effect on the downstream consequences of power, it had a stronger effect than posture on self-reported sense of power. A final experiment found that posture also had a larger effect on action than recalling an experience of high or low power. We discuss body postures as one of the most proximate correlates of the manifestations of power.
Sequential healing at implants installed immediately into extraction sockets. An experimental study in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To compare the sequential healing at implants installed in a healed alveolar bony ridge or immediately after tooth extraction without functional load. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the mandible of 12 dogs, the mesial roots of the first molars were endodontically treated, the tooth hemisected, and the distal roots extracted. After 3 months, the mesial roots of the fourth premolars were endodontically treated, the tooth hemisected, and the distal roots extracted in one side of the mandible. Implants were placed immediately into extraction sockets (IPIES) of the fourth premolar and in the healed sites in the molar regions. Healing abutments were placed, and the flaps were sutured to allow a non-submerged healing. The time of surgery and of sacrifices were planned in such a way to obtain biopsies representing the healing after 1 and 2 weeks and 1 and 3 months, respectively. Ground sections were prepared for histological evaluation of tissues components on the implant surface and the coronal termination level of osseointegration (M-B). RESULTS New bone apposition on the implant surface was slightly higher at the healed compared to the IPIES sites, being 7.4% and 4.1% after 1 week, and 67.3% and 65.3% after 3 months, respectively. Old bone was progressively resorbed, from 27.0% and 21.9% after 1 week, to 2.5% and 2.0% after 3 months, at healed and IPIES sites, respectively. M-B was 1.4 mm and 2.6 mm after 1 week, 1.2 mm and 1.2 mm after 3 months, at healed and IPIES sites, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Similar patterns of sequential osseointegration were found at implants installed in healed alveolar bone or in alveolar sockets immediately after tooth extraction. The coronal termination level of osseointegration, that was different after 1 week, was found similar at the 3-month observation.
Deficits in human trisomy 21 iPSCs and neurons

Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, but the precise molecular mechanisms underlying impaired cognition remain unclear. Elucidation of these mechanisms has been hindered by the lack of a model system that contains full trisomy of chromosome 21 (Ts21) in a human genome that enables normal gene regulation. To overcome this limitation, we created Ts21-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from two sets of Ts21 human fibroblasts. One of the fibroblast lines had low level mosaicism for Ts21 and yielded Ts21 iPSCs and an isogenic control that is disomic for human chromosome 21 (HSA21). Differentiation of all Ts21 iPSCs yielded similar numbers of neurons expressing markers characteristic of dorsal forebrain neurons that were functionally similar to controls. Expression profiling of Ts21 iPSCs and their neuronal derivatives revealed changes in HSA21 genes consistent with the presence of 50% more genetic material as well as changes in non-HSA21 genes that suggested compensatory responses to oxidative stress. Ts21 neurons displayed reduced synaptic activity, affecting excitatory and inhibitory synapses equally. Thus, Ts21 iPSCs and neurons display unique developmental defects that are consistent with cognitive deficits in individuals with Down syndrome and may enable discovery of the underlying causes of and treatments for this disorder.
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex

Structurally segregated and functionally specialized regions of the human cerebral cortex are interconnected by a dense network of cortico-cortical axonal pathways. By using diffusion spectrum imaging, we noninvasively mapped these pathways within and across cortical hemispheres in individual human participants. An analysis of the resulting large-scale structural brain networks reveals a structural core within posterior medial and parietal cerebral cortex, as well as several distinct temporal and frontal modules. Brain regions within the structural core share high degree, strength, and betweenness centrality, and they constitute connector hubs that link all major structural modules. The structural core contains brain regions that form the posterior components of the human default network. Looking both within and outside of core regions, we observed a substantial correspondence between structural connectivity and resting-state functional connectivity measured in the same participants. The spatial and topological centrality of the core within cortex suggests an important role in functional integration.
Use of the Toxicity Equivalency Factor (tef Who-97 and Tef Who-05 ) Scheme for Estimating Toxicity of Mixtures of Dioxin-like Chemicals

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The widely used Toxicity Equivalence Factor (TEF) methodology for assessing the risks from exposure to dioxin and dioxin-like (DL-) compounds is based on the concept that biochemical and toxicological effects of these compounds are mediated by their binding to a receptor, AhR, which controls expression of various genes by interacting with DNA. It is assumed that the effects of different compounds of this type are additive for low-level exposures. Since its initial development in 1983, the TEF methodology has continuously evolved, taking advantage of the most recent findings in toxicology studies. Although several limitations in the TEF approach have been identified, it is the best currently available method to evaluate the health risk from complex mixtures of dioxins and DL-compounds, which are commonly found both in environmental media (air, water, sediments etc.) and in biological samples (plant, animal and human tissues). Numerous countries including the United States have adopted the WHO TEF methodology. In 2005, the WHO reevaluated human and mammalian TEFs for dioxins and DL-compounds. They utilized unweighted relative effect potency distribution ranges, expert judgment, and point estimates in combination to assign TEFs. This document updates the background and methodology for use of the TEF method for dioxins and DL-compound in the Air Toxics Hot Spots program, based on the latest WHO analysis and table of TEFs. This document also shows the difference between the latest WHO TEF and the earlier versions, and provides a summary of the history, mechanism, rationale, application, and uncertainty of TEF in risk assessment. By using the WHO TEF values, the dose response for the mixture can be predicted by calculating the sum of the potency-adjusted doses (as 2,3,7,8-TCDD or " dioxin ") of the individual compounds (The Toxic Equivalents or TEQ value). This may be used to estimate cancer risks for exposure to dioxin and DL-compounds, by multiplying the TEQ by the separately established cancer potency for 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
Recovery stress of shape memory alloy wires induced by hydration heat of concrete in reinforced concrete beams

The goal of this study is to investigate the prestressing effect of shape memory alloy bars in reinforced concrete beams; bars are prestressed by external force or recovery stress due to shape memory effect. The shape memory alloy bars are heated by hydration heat of concrete during curing to induce the shape memory effect. To achieve this goal, this study conducts bending tests of concrete beams reinforced by shape memory alloy bars as well as those reinforced by steel bars. The beams with shape memory alloy bars with recovery stress show the same or slightly larger flexural strength than those with shape memory alloy bars prestressed with external force. Thus, this study indicates that the recovery stress of shape memory alloy bars plays the same role as the prestressing force, and that the shape memory effect can be induced by hydration heat of concrete instead of heating by electronic resistance.
Methodological Flaws in the Chabot Trial of Pancreatic Enzymes for Cancer Therapy

A trial of gemcitabine versus pancreatic enzymes for the treatment of pancreatic cancer reported an average survival time of 14 months for the chemotherapy group and 4.3 months for the enzyme group. Due to extensive missing information, readers of the paper reporting the trial would conclude that the study was valid. When this missing information is made available, as it is in the present report, it becomes evident that there were numerous serious methodological flaws in the study. No scientifically valid conclusions about the treatment of cancer with pancreatic enzymes can be reached from this study.
Atopy, lung function, and obstructive airways disease after prenatal exposure to famine.

BACKGROUND Associations have been found between a large head size at birth and atopy, and between low birth weight and obstructive airways disease. A study was undertaken of people born around the time of the Dutch famine in 1944-5 to determine the effects of maternal malnutrition during specific periods of gestation on the prevalence of obstructive airways disease and atopy. METHODS Nine hundred and twelve people aged about 50, born at term between November 1943 and February 1947 in Amsterdam, were asked about their medical history. Lung function was measured in 733 and serum concentrations of total IgE and specific IgE against mite, pollen and cat were measured in 726. Those exposed in late, mid, and early gestation (exposed participants) were compared with those born before or conceived after the famine (non-exposed participants). RESULTS Exposure to famine during gestation affected neither the concentrations of total or specific IgE nor lung function values. The prevalence of obstructive airways disease was increased in people exposed to famine in mid gestation (odds ratio adjusted for sex 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 2.6) and tended to be higher in those exposed in early gestation (odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI 0. 9 to 2.6). CONCLUSIONS The observed increase in the prevalence of obstructive airways disease in people exposed to famine in mid and early gestation was not parallelled by effects on IgE concentrations or lung function. The link between exposure to famine in mid and early gestation and obstructive airways disease in adulthood suggests that fetal lungs can be permanently affected by nutritional challenges during periods of rapid growth.
MAJOR-MERGER GALAXY PAIRS AT Z = 0: DUST PROPERTIES AND COMPANION MORPHOLOGY

We present an analysis of dust properties of a sample of close major-merger galaxy pairs selected by Ks magnitude and redshift. The pairs represent the two populations of spiral–spiral (S+S) and mixed morphology spiral–elliptical (S+E). The Code Investigating GALaxy Emission software is used to fit dust models to the Two Micron All Sky Survey, Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, and Herschel flux density measurements, and to derive the parameters describing the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contribution, interstellar radiation field, and photodissociation regions. Model fits verify our previous Spitzer Space Telescope analysis that S+S and S+E pairs do not have the same level of enhancement of star formation and differ in dust composition. The spirals of mixed-morphology galaxy pairs do not exhibit the enhancements in interstellar radiation field and therefore dust temperature for spirals in S+S pairs in contrast to what would be expected according to standard models of gas redistribution due to encounter torques. This suggests the importance of the companion environment/morphology in determining the dust properties of a spiral galaxy in a close major-merger pair.
Biomechanics of the movable pretarsal adhesive organ in ants and bees

Hymenoptera attach to smooth surfaces with a flexible pad, the arolium, between the claws. Here we investigate its movement in Asian weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina) and honeybees (Apis mellifera). When ants run upside down on a smooth surface, the arolium is unfolded and folded back with each step. Its extension is strictly coupled with the retraction of the claws. Experimental pull on the claw-flexor tendon revealed that the claw-flexor muscle not only retracts the claws, but also moves the arolium. The elicited arolium movement comprises (i) about a 90° rotation (extension) mediated by the interaction of the two rigid pretarsal sclerites arcus and manubrium and (ii) a lateral expansion and increase in volume. In severed legs of O. smaragdina ants, an increase in hemolymph pressure of 15 kPa was sufficient to inflate the arolium to its full size. Apart from being actively extended, an arolium in contact also can unfold passively when the leg is subject to a pull toward the body. We propose a combined mechanical–hydraulic model for arolium movement: (i) the arolium is engaged by the action of the unguitractor, which mechanically extends the arolium; (ii) compression of the arolium gland reservoir pumps liquid into the arolium; (iii) arolia partly in contact with the surface are unfolded passively when the legs are pulled toward the body; and (iv) the arolium deflates and moves back to its default position by elastic recoil of the cuticle.
Citation for Published Item: Use Policy Object Based Attention and Visual Area Lo. Address for Correspondence

The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract We investigated the neural basis of so-called " object-based attention " by examining patient D.F. , who has visual form agnosia caused by bilateral damage to the lateral occipital area (LO) of the ventral visual stream. We tested D.F. " s object-based attention in two ways. In the first experiment, we used a spatial cueing procedure to compare the costs associated with shifting attention within versus between two separate outline figures. D.F. did not show the normal advantage of within-object over between-object attention shifts. In the second experiment, we used a complementary paradigm in which two separate stimuli, presented either on the same or on different objects, have to be identified as the same or different, We found no evidence for the normal pattern of superior performance for within versus between figure comparisons. In a third experiment, we checked that D.F. showed normal shift costs for invalid as opposed to valid cueing in a standard Posner spatial attention task. In a final experiment, we compared horizontal versus vertical attention shifting in group of healthy controls without the presence of outline rectangles, and found that their pattern of shift costs was indistinguishable from that seen in D.F. when the rectangles were present (Experiment 1). We conclude that whilst D.F. has a normal spatial orienting system this is completely uninfluenced by object structure, we suggest that area LO may mediate form processing precisely at the stage where visual representations normally influence the spread of attention.
Human chromosomes and centrioles as nucleating sites for the in vitro assembly of microtubules from bovine brain tubulin

Treatment of HeLa cells with Colcemid at concentrations of 0.06-0.10 mug/ml leads to irreversible arrest in mitosis. Colcemid-arrested cells contained few microtubules, and many kinetochores and centrioles were free of microtubule association. When these cells were exposed to microtubule reassembly buffer containing Triton X-100 and bovine brain tubulin at 37 degrees C, numerous microtubules were reassembled at all kinetochores of metaphase chromosomes and in association with centriole pairs. When bovine brain tubulin was eliminated from the reassembly system, microtubules failed to assemble at these sites. Similarly, when EGTA was eliminated from the reassembly system, microtubules failed to polymerize. These results are consistent with other investigations of in vitro microtubule assembly and indicate that HeLa chromosomes and centrioles can serve as nucleating sites for the assembly of microtubules from brain tubulin. Both chromosomes and centrioles became displaced from their C-metaphase configurations during tubulin reassembly, indicating that their movements were a direct result of microtubule formation. Although both kinetochore- and centriole- associated microtubules were assembled and movement occurred, we did not observe direct extension of microtubules from kinetochores to centrioles. This system should prove useful for experimental studies of spindle microtubule formation and chromosome movement in mammalian cells.
The Number of Pulses Needed to Measure Corticospinal Excitability by Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Eyes Open vs. Close Condition

Objective: Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) obtained by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enable measures of the corticospinal excitability (CSE). However the reliability of TMS-derived CSE measures is suboptimal due to appreciable pulse-to-pulse MEP amplitude variability. We thus calculated how many TMS–derived MEPs will be needed to obtain a reliable CSE measure in awake adult subjects, in the eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions. Methods: Twenty healthy adults (70% male) received 40 consecutive navigated TMS pulses (120% resting motor threshold, RMT) in the EO or EC conditions on two separate days in randomized order. Results: For either the EO or EC condition, the probability that the 95% confidence interval (CI) derived from consecutive MEP amplitude measured included the true CSE, increased when the number of consecutive stimuli increased (EO: p = 0.05; EC: p = 0.001). No significant effect of RMT, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, or gender on the CSE estimates was identified. At least 34 consecutive stimuli were required to obtain a most reliable CSE estimate in the EO condition and 31 in the EC condition. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that >30 consecutive MEPs may be necessary in order to obtain a CSE measure in healthy adults.
Estrogen-Mediated Endothelial Progenitor Cell Biology and Kinetics For Physiological Postnatal Vasculogenesis

Estrogen has been demonstrated to promote therapeutic reendothelialization after vascular injury by bone marrow (BM)–derived endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) mobilization and phenotypic modulation. We investigated the primary hypothesis that estrogen regulates physiological postnatal vasculogenesis by modulating bioactivity of BM-derived EPCs through the estrogen receptor (ER), in cyclic hormonally regulated endometrial neovascularization. Cultured human EPCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB-MNCs) disclosed consistent gene expression of ER &agr; as well as downregulated gene expressions of ER &bgr;. Under the physiological concentrations of estrogen (17&bgr;-estradiol, E2), proliferation and migration were stimulated, whereas apoptosis was inhibited on day 7 cultured EPCs. These estrogen-induced activities were blocked by the receptor antagonist, ICI182,780 (ICI). In BM transplanted (BMT) mice with ovariectomy (OVX) from transgenic mice overexpressing &bgr;-galactosidase (lacZ) regulated by an endothelial specific Tie-2 promoter (Tie-2/lacZ/BM), the uterus demonstrated a significant increase in BM-derived EPCs (lacZ expressing cells) incorporated into neovasculatures detected by CD31 immunohistochemistry after E2 administration. The BM-derived EPCs that were incorporated into the uterus dominantly expressed ER &agr;, rather than ER &bgr; in BMT mice from BM of transgenic mice overexpressing EGFP regulated by Tie-2 promoter with OVX (Tie-2/EGFP/BMT/OVX) by ERs fluorescence immunohistochemistry. An in vitro assay for colony forming activity as well as flow cytometry for CD133, CD34, KDR, and VE-cadherin, using human PB-MNCs at 5 stages of the female menstrual-cycle (early-proliferative, pre-ovulatory, post-ovulatory, mid-luteal, late-luteal), revealed cycle-specific regulation of EPC kinetics. These findings demonstrate that physiological postnatal vasculogenesis involves cyclic, E2-regulated bioactivity of BM-derived EPCs, predominantly through the ER&agr;.
An Improved Projected Gradient Method for Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization is an unsupervised learning method for uncovering latent features in high-dimensional data. This report describes a modification of Lin’s Projected Gradient Method for NMF which employs a Newton direction in the line search until any constraints become active. Empirical evidence shows that this technique converges faster than existing methods for NMF.
The MAT1 Locus of Histoplasma capsulatum Is Responsive in a Mating Type-Specific Manner

ABSTRACT Recombination events associated with sexual replication in pathogens may generate new strains with altered virulence. Histoplasma capsulatum is a mating-competent, pathogenic fungus with two described phenotypic mating types, + and −. The mating (MAT) locus of H. capsulatum was identified to facilitate molecular studies of mating in this organism. Through syntenic analysis of the H. capsulatum genomic sequence databases, a MAT1-1 idiomorph region was identified in H. capsulatum strains G217B and WU24, and a MAT1-2 idiomorph region was identified in the strain G186AR. A mating type-specific PCR assay was developed, and two clinical isolates of opposite genotypic mating type, UH1 and VA1, were identified. A known − mating type strain, T-3-1 (ATCC 22635), was demonstrated to be of MAT1-2 genotypic mating type. The clinical isolates UH1 and VA1 were found to be mating compatible and also displayed mating-type-dependent regulation of the MAT transcription factors in response to extracts predicted to contain mating pheromones. These studies support a role for the identified MAT1 locus in determining mating type in H. capsulatum.