Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospective randomized comparative study of use of PLMA and ET tube for airway management in children under general anaesthesia

ProSealTM Laryngeal Mask Airway (PLMA) for children had been introduced in 2004, by Dr. Archie Brain. It has, in addition to Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway (CLMA), a drainage tube for providing a bypass channel for gastric contents to prevent regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration. A randomized prospective study was performed comprising of 60 ASA – I/II patients, between the age groups of 3 and 10 years, of either sex. All the patients were premedicated with oral Midazolam and Glycopyrollate. General anaesthesia with caudal epidural analgesia was given in all the cases. Inhalation with 8% Sevoflurane was used as a sole induction agent in all the patients. They were randomly divided into two groups. PLMA was inserted in patients of Group P and Endotracheal Tube (ETT) in patients of Group I. In all cases, after PLMA / ETT insertion; caudal epidural analgesia was given and general anaesthesia (GA) using Sevoflurane was provided for maintenance of anaesthesia. Muscle relaxant was not used in our study. We studied parameters such as number of attempts, ease of insertion and conditions during insertion, haemodynamic parameters, changes in SpO2, EtCO2, gastric insufflation, regurgitation, pulmonary aspiration, postoperative airway complications and so on. We found that insertion of PLMA as well as ETT was performed in the first attempt in all the patients. Ease of insertion and conditions during insertion were comparable in both the groups. Changes in SpO2 and EtCO2 were comparable. However, highly significant changes in haemodynamic parameters were observed in the ETT group. Complications such as sore throat (13.33% cases), coughing (40% cases), vomiting (3.33% cases) and hypoxia (3.33% cases) were observed in the ETT group. No gastric insufflation or regurgitation was noted in our study. Thus, we concluded that PLMA could be used as an effective and safe airway device in children compared to ETT undergoing general anaesthesia.
Randomized Hough Transform

Proposed in 1962, the Hough transform (HT) has been widely applied and investigated for detecting curves, shapes, and motions in the fields of image processing and computer vision. However, the HT has several shortcomings, including high computational cost, low detection accuracy, vulnerability to noise, and possibility of missing objects. Many efforts target at solving some of the problems for decades, while the key idea remains more or less the same. Proposed in 1989 and further developed thereafter, the Random-ized Hough Transform (RHT) manages to considerably overcome these shortcomings via innovations on the fundamental mechanisms, with random sampling in place of pixel scanning, converging mapping in place of diverging mapping, and dynamic storage in place of accumulation array. This article will provides an overview on advances and applications of RHT in the past one and half decades.
Comparison of DNA Extraction Methods in Analysis of Salivary Bacterial Communities

Culture-independent high-throughput sequencing-based methods are widely used to study bacterial communities. Although these approaches are superior to traditional culture-based methods, they introduce bias at the experimental and bioinformatics levels. We assessed the diversity of the human salivary microbiome by pyrosequencing of the 16S rDNA V1–3 amplicons using metagenomic DNA extracted by two different protocols: a simple proteinase K digestion without a subsequent DNA clean-up step, and a bead-beating mechanical lysis protocol followed by column DNA purification. A high degree of congruence was found between the two extraction methods, most notably in regard to the microbial community composition. The results showed that for a given bioinformatics pipeline, all the taxa with an average proportion >0.12% in samples processed using one extraction method were also detected in samples extracted using the other method. The same taxa tended to be abundant and frequent for both extraction methods. The relative abundance of sequence reads assigned to the phyla Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes, TM7, Synergistetes, and Tenericutes was significantly higher in the mechanically-treated samples than in the enzymatically-treated samples, whereas the phylum Firmicutes showed the opposite pattern. No significant differences in diversity indices were found between the extraction methods, although the mechanical lysis method revealed higher operational taxonomic unit richness. Differences between the extraction procedures outweighed the variations due to the bioinformatics analysis pipelines used.
Cultural Capital, Motherhood Capital, and Low-income Immigrant Mothers’ Institutional Negotiations

Complementing the research on immigrants’ exclusion from most U.S. service institutions as well as their “bureaucratic incorporation,” this study examines how and why immigrants’ negotiations with informal barriers vary across institutional contexts. Drawing on 25 in-depth interviews, I compare low-income, monolingual Mexican immigrant mothers’ caretaking experiences across two settings: at schools and in health care facilities. My analysis suggests that different institutional settings place different demands for cultural capital on these women while offering varying opportunities for their usage of “motherhood capital,” resulting in diverse patterns of institutional negotiations. These mothers’ interactions with school personnel feature the experiences of “emergent alliance. ” When advocating for their children at healthcare facilities, they report a mixture of “successful confrontations” and “blocked negotiations. ” These findings contribute to discussions of immigrant inclusion/exclusion. More broadly speaking, by developing the concept of motherhood capital, the study dialogues with the literatures on cultural capital and political mothering.
Effects of c-Myc and TGF-Alpha on Polarized Membrane Traffic

Abstract : Greater than 80% of breast cancers are derived from epithelial cells. Epithelial cells are highly polarized, with separate apical and basolateral surfaces facing the lumen and adjacent cells. In epithelial tumors the degree of malignancy is correlated with extent of loss of polarity. Mammary cells can be transformed to varying degrees by regulated expression of various oncogenes. For instance, c-Jun over-expression gives a reversible transformation and loss of polarity, while sustained c-Fos over-expression gives an irreversible, more severe transformation and loss of cell polarity. The goal of this proposal is to observe the effects of differentiation, de-differentiation, and transformation on polarized membrane traffic in mammary epithelial cells. I have been investigating the hyothesis that modulation of epithelial polarity by TGF-alpha and/or c-myc will affect the ability of mammary cells to correctly transport proteins from the TGN to the apical and basolateral PMs and during transcytosis, and will correspondingly affect expression of syntaxins.
Effect of Health Care Disparities on Screening

Significant declines in the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer have occurred in the United States since the introduction of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Unfortunately, a reduction in the burden of cervical cancer is not equal across all ethnic and racial groups; significant disparities exist. Disparities are reflected not only in mortality and incidence rates, but also in screening rates. We review barriers to screening and effective approaches towards overcoming them. As minority populations increase over the next few decades, it becomes ever more urgent to employ interventions that will reduce the burden of cervical cancer among diverse groups.
0 30 90 53 v 1 2 3 Se p 20 03 Solitary wave dynamics in an external potential

We study the behavior of solitary-wave solutions of some generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equations with an external potential. The equations have the feature that in the absence of the external potential, they have solutions describing inertial motions of stable solitary waves. We construct solutions of the equations with a non-vanishing external potential corresponding to initial conditions close to one of these solitary wave solutions and show that, over a large interval of time, they describe a solitary wave whose center of mass motion is a solution of Newton’s equations of motion for a point particle in the given external potential, up to small corrections corresponding to radiation damping.
Hepatitis C infection in hemodialysis patients in Iran: A systematic review

Hemodialysis (HD) patients are recognized as one of the high‐risk groups for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The prevalence of HCV infection varies widely between 5.5% and 24% among different Iranian populations. Preventive programs for reducing HCV infection prevalence in these patients require accurate information. In the present study, we estimated HCV infection prevalence in Iranian HD patients. In this systematic review, we collected all published and unpublished documents related to HCV infection prevalence in Iranian HD patients from April 2001 to March 2008. We selected descriptive/analytic cross‐sectional studies/surveys that have sufficiently declared objectives, a proper sampling method with identical and valid measurement instruments for all study subjects, and proper analysis methods regarding sampling design and demographic adjustments. We used a meta‐analysis method to calculate nationwide prevalence estimation. Eighteen studies from 12 provinces (consisting 49.02% of the Iranian total population) reported the prevalence of HCV infection in Iranian HD patients. The HCV infection prevalence in Iranian HD patients is 7.61% (95% confidence interval: 6.06–9.16%) with the recombinant immunoblot assay method. Iran is among countries with low HCV infection prevalence in HD patients.
Operating-envelop-expandable control strategy for switched flux hybrid magnet memory machine

Memory machines (MMs) equipped with hybrid permanent magnets (PMs), i.e., NdFeB and low coercive force (LCF) PMs, combine the merits of acceptable torque capability at low speeds and efficiency improvement at high speeds. Meanwhile, the PM flux linkage can be flexibly adjusted with the aid of current pulses, which is desirable for variable speed applications. To effectively extend the constant power speed range (CPSR) with minimum required flux-weakening (FW) current injected by the inverter, a new control strategy is proposed and implemented on a switched flux hybrid magnet memory machine (SF-HMMM). The configuration and operating principle of the proposed machine are introduced first, followed by the establishment of the mathematical model. Afterwards, the proposed control strategy is described accounting for a whole operating envelop. Different FW regions will be numerically identified by calculating the transition speed. In FW region I, the conventional d-axis current-based and PM demagnetization FW schemes are integrated, while only the negative d-axis current injection is employed in FW region II. The proposed control strategy combines the distinct advantages of memorable flux and negative Id FW controls, leading to an effective extension of CPSR with improved efficiency as well as low requirement of inverter current. The proposed method is verified by experiments on the prototype machine.
Electrophysiological correlates of hypothesis testing

Where and how the cortical areas are activated when a person receives the result of hypothesis testing is still unclear. By using a category induction task, this study provided participants with various batteries and asked them to learn which kind of batteries were charged. After learning, they were required to give a response to the probe stimuli. In each trial, two batteries were displayed sequentially, and a preliminary hypothesis could be formed based on the perceptual analysis of the batteries. Then, a third battery served to strengthen, reject, or maintain the former hypothesis was presented. The electrophysiological results revealed an increased late positive complexes when the hypothesis was rejected, reflecting a process of hypothesis evaluation and memory-context updating.
Sinif İçi İstenmeyen Öğrenci Davranişlarina Yönelik Öğretmen Tutumlari Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi Development of Teacher Attitude Scale Towards Undesirable Intraclass Behaviours of Students

Oz: Sinif Ici Istenmeyen Ogrenci Davranislarina Yonelik Ogretmen Tutumlari Olcegi'nin gelistirilmesi amaciyla planlanan bu arastirmanin evreni Van Ili Belediye sinirlari icinde bulunan 60 ilkogretim okulunda gorev yapmakta olan 2017 ogretmenden olusmaktadir. Olasiliga dayali ornekleme yontemlerinden tabakali ornekleme yontemine dayali olarak evrenden 361 ilkogretim ogretmeni arastirma orneklemi olarak secilmistir. Olcek gelistirme surecine 36 madde ile baslanmis; verilerin uygunlugu sinandiktan sonra gerceklestirilen acimlayici faktor analizi sonucunda, olcek 16 maddeden ibaret iki boyutlu bir yapi gostermistir. Bu degerlere gore faktorlerden birincisi olcege iliskin toplam varyansin %31.144'unu, ikinci faktor %11.07'sini aciklamaktadir. Iki faktorun birlikte acikladiklari toplam varyans ise % 42.22'dir. Olcegi olusturan faktorler, maddelerin icerdigi tutum ifadelerine bakilarak isimlendirilmistir. Buna gore birinci faktor tutumun duygusal (duyussal) ogesine yonelik ifadeleri, ikinci faktor ise davranis egilimlerini iceren ifadeleri icermektedir. Elde edilen modelin uygunlugu RMSEA icin 0.084, CFI icin 0.93, GFI icin 0,89, RMR icin 0.081 ve AGFI icin ise 0.85 olarak bulunmustur. Olcekle ilgili olarak yapilan guvenirlik analizleri sonucunda ise, olcegin Cronbach alfa ic tutarlik katsayisi birinci faktor icin 0.82, ikinci faktor icin ise 0.78 olarak hesaplanmistir. Sinif Ici Istenmeyen Ogrenci Davranislarina Yonelik Ogretmen Tutumlari Olcegi (SIDOTO) olceginin tum maddeleri icin hesaplanan ic tutarlik katsayisi (Cronbach alfa) ise 0.85 olarak bulunmustur. Anahtar Sozcukler: tutum, ogretmen tutumlari, istenmeyen ogrenci davranislari. Abstract: The population of this study consisted of 2017 elementary school teachers within the Van District. A convinience sample of 361 teachers was drawn from them.There were 36 items at the beginning of the scale; but factor analysis resulted in 16 items with two sub-scales. According to these values, the first factor explains 31.44 % of the total variance and the second factor explains 11.07 % of the total variance. So that, the total variance of these two factor is 42.22 %. While the first factor deals with Emotional Attitude Expressions, the second factor deals with Behavioural Expressions. The fit of the model showed that fit of values according to the appropirateness of the model are 0.084 for RMSEA, 0.93 for CFI, 0.89 for GFI, 0.081 for RMR, and 0.85 for AGFI. According to the result of reliability analysis about the scale , Internal Coefficient of Consistency of Cronbach Alfa was computed 0.82 for the first factor, and 0.87 for the second factor.On the other hand Internal Coefficient of Consistency that computed for each item at Teacher Attitude Scale toward Undesirable Intraclass Behaviors of Students was found as 0.85.
Vascular cognitive impairment in small vessel disease: clinical and neuropsychological features of lacunar state and Binswanger's disease.

BACKGROUND ischaemic cerebrovascular small vessel disease (SVD) is a prevalent and under-diagnosed condition that triggers vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). OBJECTIVE to describe the neuropsychological and clinical profiles in SVD (Binswanger's disease, BD; lacunar state, LS) from the clinician's perspective at the VCI stage. METHODS a total of 1257 patients admitted to a tertiary center with a diagnosis of stroke, neuroradiological vascular disease, cognitive impairment/dementia, during a 13-year period were investigated. We prospectively assessed cognition in a subset of 141 patients with VCI (LS n = 28, BD n = 69, large vessel disease-LVD-n = 44) with MMSE, CAMDEX-H, WAIS-R, EXIT-25 and Trail making test. RESULTS executive dysfunction (ECD) (n = 89, 91.7% versus n = 10, 22.7%; P < 0.001) and gait disturbances (n = 74, 76.3% versus n = 15, 34.1%; P < 0.001) characterized SVD. Prior strokes (n = 9, 9.3% versus n = 23, 52.3%; P < 0.001) and embologenous cardiopathy (n = 39, 40.2% versus n = 28, 63.6%; P < 0.04) featured LVD cases. BD was defined by hypertension (n = 52, 75.4% versus n = 30, 44.1%; P < 0.001), ECD (n = 65, 94.2% versus n = 34, 47.2%; P < 0.001) and VCI onset with cognitive impairment but not strokes (n = 44, 63.8% versus n = 34, 50%; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS ECD and a frontal gait are SVD's clinical landmarks in our sample. LS and BD cases share a similar cognitive profile.
Doubling the CO2 Concentration Enhanced the Activity of Carbohydrate-Metabolism Enzymes, Source Carbohydrate Production, Photoassimilate Transport, and Sink Strength for Opuntia ficus-indica

After exposure to a doubled CO2 concentration of 750 [mu]mol mol-1 air for about 3 months glucose and starch in the chlorenchyma of basal cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica increased 175 and 57%, respectively, compared with the current CO2 concentration of 370 [mu]mol mol-1, but sucrose content was virtually unaffected. Doubling the CO2 concentration increased the nocturnal malate production in basal cladodes by 75%, inorganic phosphate (Pi) by 32%, soluble starch synthase activity by 30%, and sucrose-Pi synthase activity by 146%, but did not affect the activity of hexokinase. Doubling CO2 accelerated phloem transport of sucrose out of the basal cladodes, resulting in a 73% higher dry weight for the daughter cladodes. Doubling CO2 increased the glucose content in 14-d-old daughter cladodes by 167%, increased nocturnal malate production by 22%, decreased total amino acid content by 61%, and increased soluble starch synthase activity by 30% and sucrose synthase activity by 62%. No downward acclimation of photosynthesis during long-term exposure to elevated CO2 concentrations occurs for O. ficus-indica (M. Cui, P.M. Miller, P.S. Nobel [1993] Plant Physiol 103: 519–524; P.S. Nobel, A.A. Israel [1994] J Exp Bot 45: 295–303), consistent with its higher source capacity and sink strength than under current CO2. These changes apparently do not result in Pi limitation of photosynthesis or suppression of genes governing photosynthesis for this perennial Crassulacean acid metabolism species, as occur for some annual crops.
The Mixed Instrumental Controller: Using Value of Information to Combine Habitual Choice and Mental Simulation

Instrumental behavior depends on both goal-directed and habitual mechanisms of choice. Normative views cast these mechanisms in terms of model-free and model-based methods of reinforcement learning, respectively. An influential proposal hypothesizes that model-free and model-based mechanisms coexist and compete in the brain according to their relative uncertainty. In this paper we propose a novel view in which a single Mixed Instrumental Controller produces both goal-directed and habitual behavior by flexibly balancing and combining model-based and model-free computations. The Mixed Instrumental Controller performs a cost-benefits analysis to decide whether to chose an action immediately based on the available “cached” value of actions (linked to model-free mechanisms) or to improve value estimation by mentally simulating the expected outcome values (linked to model-based mechanisms). Since mental simulation entails cognitive effort and increases the reward delay, it is activated only when the associated “Value of Information” exceeds its costs. The model proposes a method to compute the Value of Information, based on the uncertainty of action values and on the distance of alternative cached action values. Overall, the model by default chooses on the basis of lighter model-free estimates, and integrates them with costly model-based predictions only when useful. Mental simulation uses a sampling method to produce reward expectancies, which are used to update the cached value of one or more actions; in turn, this updated value is used for the choice. The key predictions of the model are tested in different settings of a double T-maze scenario. Results are discussed in relation with neurobiological evidence on the hippocampus – ventral striatum circuit in rodents, which has been linked to goal-directed spatial navigation.
Practical tips for teaching mindfulness to children and adolescents in school-based settings

Mindfulness derives from Buddhist practice and is described as “the process of engaging a full, direct, and active awareness of experienced phenomena that is spiritual in aspect and that is maintained from one moment to the next” (Van Gordon, Shonin, Zangeneh, & Griffiths, 2014). In a previous issue of Education and Health, we briefly reviewed research findings and discussed the growing interest amongst educational stakeholders into the applications of mindfulness for improving both the health and learning environment of school-aged children (Shonin, Van Gordon, & Griffiths, 2012). For example, mindfulness has been shown to improve levels of anxiety, depression, somatic distress, self-esteem, and sleep quality in schoolchildren with and without a psychiatric history (Biegel, Brown, Shapiro, & Schubert, 2009; Burke, 2010). Mindfulness has also been shown to improve childrens’ problematic responses to social stress (e.g., thought rumination, intrusive thoughts, emotional arousal, etc.) (Mendelson et al., 2010) as well as teacher-rated classroom social competant behaviours (Schonert-Reichl & Lawlor, 2010). Additionally, there is preliminary evidence to suggest that mindfulness can enhance metacognition and executive functioning in schoolchildren (Flook et al., 2010).
Gelsolin expression is necessary for the development of modelled pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis

Background: Despite intense research efforts, the aetiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis remain poorly understood. Gelsolin, an actin-binding protein that modulates cytoskeletal dynamics, was recently highlighted as a likely disease modifier through comparative expression profiling and target prioritisation. Methods: To decipher the possible role of gelsolin in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, immunocytochemistry on tissue microarrays of human patient samples was performed followed by computerised image analysis. The results were validated in the bleomycin-induced animal model of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis using genetically-modified mice lacking gelsolin expression. Moreover, to gain mechanistic insights into the mode of gelsolin activity, a series of biochemical analyses was performed ex vivo in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Results: Increased gelsolin expression was detected in lung samples of patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia as well as in modelled pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Genetic ablation of gelsolin protected mice from the development of modelled pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis attributed to attenuated epithelial apoptosis. Conclusions: Gelsolin expression is necessary for the development of modelled pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, while the caspase-3-mediated gelsolin fragmentation was shown to be an apoptotic effector mechanism in disease pathogenesis and a marker of lung injury.