Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying peakflow attenuation/amplification in a karst river using the diffusive wave model with lateral flow

The aim of this paper is to quantify peakflow attenuation and/or amplification in a river, investigating lateral flow from the intermediate catchment during floods. This is a challenge for the study of the hydrological response of permeable/intermittent streams, and our contribution refers to a modelling framework based on the inverse problem for the diffusive wave model applied in a karst catchment. Knowing the upstream and downstream hydrographs on a reach between two stations, we can model the lateral one, given information on the hydrological processes involved in the intermediate catchment. The model is applied to 33 flood events in the karst reach of the Iton River in French Normandy where peakflow attenuation is observed. The monitored zone consists of a succession of losing and gaining reaches controlled by strong surface‐water/groundwater (SW/GW) interactions. Our results show that despite a high baseflow increase in the reach, peakflow is attenuated. Model application shows that the intensity of lateral outflow for the flood component is linked to upstream discharge. A combination of river loss and overbank flow for highest floods is proposed for explaining the relationships. Our approach differentiates the role of outflow (river loss and overbank flow) and that of wave diffusion on peakflow attenuation. Based on several sets of model parameterization, diffusion is the main attenuation process for most cases, despite high river losses of up to several m3/s (half of peakflow for some parameterization strategies). Finally, this framework gives new insight into the SW/GW interactions during floods in karst basins, and more globally in basins characterized by disconnected river‐aquifer systems.
Bradykinin stimulation of nitric oxide production is not sufficient for gamma-globin induction.

INTRODUCTION Hydroxycarbamide, used in therapy of hemoglobinopathies, enhances nitric oxide (NO) production both in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human bone marrow endothelial cell line (TrHBMEC). Moreover, NO increases gamma-globin and fetal hemoglobin levels in human erythroid progenitors. OBJECTIVE In order to find out whether simple physiologic stimulation of NO production by components of hematopoietic microenvironment can increase gamma-globin gene expression, the effects of NO-inducer bradykinin were examined in endothelial cells. METHODS The study was performed in co-cultures of human erythroid progenitors, TrHBMEC and HUVECs by ozone-based chemiluminescent determination of NO and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS In accordance with previous reports, the endogenous factor bradykinin increased endothelial cell production of NO in a dose- and time-dependent manner (0.1-0.6 microM up to 30 minutes). This induction of NO in HUVECs and TrHBMEC by bradykinin was blocked by competitive inhibitors of NO synthase (NOS), demonstrating NOS-dependence. It has been shown that bradykinin significantly reduced endothelial NOS (eNOS) mRNA level and eNOS/beta-actin ratio in HUVEC (by twofold). In addition, bradykinin failed to increase gamma-globin mRNA expression in erythroid progenitors only, as well as in co-culture studies of erythroid progenitors with TrHBMEC and HUVEC after 24 hours of treatment. Furthermore, bradykinin did not induce gamma/beta globin ratio in erythroid progenitors in co-cultures with HUVEC. CONCLUSION Bradykinin mediated eNOS activation leads to short time and low NO production in endothelial cells, insufficient to induce gamma-globin gene expression. These results emphasized the significance of elevated and extended NO production in augmentation of gamma-globin gene expression.
Rate-controlled static-priority queueing

The authors propose a service discipline, called the rate-controlled static-priority (RCSP) queuing discipline, that provides throughput, delay, delay jitter, and loss free guarantees in a connection-oriented packet-switching network. The RCSP queuing discipline avoids both time-framing and sorted priority queues; it achieves flexibility in the allocation of delay and bandwidth, as well as simplicity of implementation. The key idea is to separate rate-control and delay-control functions in the design of the server. Applying this separation of functions results in a class of service disciplines of which RCSP is an instance. <<ETX>>
An investigation of north-south asynchrony of solar filament activity: Wavelet transform analyses

Monthly counts of filament numbers in the time interval of 1954 April to 2010 June are proposed to determine their phase asynchrony between the solar northern and southern hemispheres by using advanced wavelet transforms. Both the cross-wavelet transform and wavelet coherence analyses show asynchronous behaviour with strong phase mixing in the high-frequency components of hemispheric flare activity, and strong synchronous behaviour with coherent phase angles in the low-frequency components, corresponding to the period-scales around the 11-year Schwabe cycle. This study shows that the wavelet transforms techniques for the hemispheric phase analysis of solar time series is fairly useful.
Cerebral Hemodynamic Benefits after Contralateral Carotid Artery Stenting in Patients with Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion

SUMMARY: CEA contralateral to an ICA occlusion is considered a surgical risk, and CAS may be an alternative for these patients. Our goal was to examine whether CAS improves cerebral hemodynamics on the treated side and on the side of the ICA occlusion, on the basis of measurement of CBF and CVR by using SPECT. The subjects were 8 patients who underwent contralateral CAS. Resting CBF and CVR to acetazolamide were measured by using 123I-IMP SPECT before and chronically (3–6 months) after CAS. Resting CBF was also measured immediately (<2 hours) after CAS by using 123I-IMP SPECT. There were no significant differences in resting CBF in both hemispheres immediately after CAS. However, resting CBF and CVR both significantly increased in the chronic period in both hemispheres. Contralateral CAS in patients with ICA occlusion resulted in cerebral hemodynamic improvement on the treated side and on the side of ICA occlusion.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Surfaktan dan Permeabilitas pada Batuan Sandstone terhadap Perolehan Minyak dalam Proses Imbibisi (Laboratorium Study)

There are three levels in producing oil or natural gas: primary recovery where oil flows into the wellbore by itself; secondary recovery where oil flows with the help of water or gas injection; and tertiary recovery, commonly called Enhance Oil Recovery (EOR). Total recovery from one oil field is about 50% -60% of OOIP. With primary and secondary recovery 30% -40% can be obtained from OOIP, it is expected that the remaining 20% -30% can be taken with EOR. This study investigated EOR by injection of various surfactant concentrations at temperatures of 30°C and 80°C using brine with salinity of 10,000 ppm by imbibition. The aim of this research is to know the effect of surfactant concentration and salinity of the formation water on oil acquisition in relation to sandstone permeability, and to find out what level of concentration to the average permeability rate with temperature close to reservoir average temperature (80°C), can be obtained a minimal Sor so that RF (Recovery Factor) to be maximal. The methodology used is to measure: the physical properties of rocks and fluids (the solution used), the interface voltage and selected the best solution (the smallest interface voltage), and soaking the rock with Amot test glass. From this study, it can be concluded that the addition of concentration will decrease the density, but the addition of temperature will decrease the density and viscosity; the addition of the surfactant and temperature concentration will decrease the interface voltage until the CMC point is reached; good permeability and porosity may not produce good results when clay contamination is present
The impact of attributions on the understanding and management of challenging behaviour in schools

Although attribution theory has been well documented within the literature and applied to teaching, learning, and behaviour in the classroom, there has yet to be a systematic review of the literature pertaining to teacher attributions of challenging behaviour. This literature review set out to combine the evidence based in a systematic and critical way in order to answer the following questions: What attributions are teaching making around challenging behaviour in the classroom? In what way do these attributions impact on their management of behaviour in the classroom? Seventeen studies were included which explored causal attribution alongside controllability, types of behaviour, teacher factors, interventions, and referrals. Results indicate that teachers mainly make causal attributions which are external to themselves, which are mediated by perceptions of control, responsibility, and self-efficacy. In particular behaviour was seen as most difficult to manage when teachers attributed it to pupil or home factors, pupils were perceived to be in control of their behaviour, and the behaviour was thought to be stable over time. Limited links between attributions and referral decisions were found. Implications for EPs were discussed, in particular supporting teacher self-efficacy for classroom management. Pupils displaying challenging behaviour are the population included in mainstream schools with the least success, with their behaviour regularly leading to fixed-term exclusions or placement in alternative provisions. Research has found the attributions teachers make about the causality of pupil behaviour can impact on subsequent behaviour management strategies in the classroom. However, attempts to understand the complexity of attribution processes has yet to be explored in a satisfactory way. In addition, the beliefs and attributions of the pupils themselves have remained largely unexplored. This study examined the perceptions of 10 secondary school staff teachers and five pupils, through semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis yielded six major themes within the data corpus relating to behaviour, behaviour management and the use of fixed-term exclusion. Results revealed four clear causal attributions for challenging behaviour in the classroom, which alongside mediating factors, such as self-efficacy, time and effort needed, and, remorsefulness, were related to either a helpless or hopeful discourse. Within the staff data set, conflict between static and flexible systems for managing behaviour was also seen. Implications for EPs are discussed in relation to building the resilience of teachers and schools in order to maintain the support for these pupils within mainstream settings.
DNA Slippage Occurs at Microsatellite Loci without Minimal Threshold Length in Humans: A Comparative Genomic Approach

The dynamics of microsatellite, or short tandem repeats (STRs), is well documented for long, polymorphic loci, but much less is known for shorter ones. For example, the issue of a minimum threshold length for DNA slippage remains contentious. Model-fitting methods have generally concluded that slippage only occurs over a threshold length of about eight nucleotides, in contradiction with some direct observations of tandem duplications at shorter repeated sites. Using a comparative analysis of the human and chimpanzee genomes, we examined the mutation patterns at microsatellite loci with lengths as short as one period plus one nucleotide. We found that the rates of tandem insertions and deletions at microsatellite loci strongly deviated from background rates in other parts of the human genome and followed an exponential increase with STR size. More importantly, we detected no lower threshold length for slippage. The rate of tandem duplications at unrepeated sites was higher than expected from random insertions, providing evidence for genome-wide action of indel slippage (an alternative mechanism generating tandem repeats). The rate of point mutations adjacent to STRs did not differ from that estimated elsewhere in the genome, except around dinucleotide loci. Our results suggest that the emergence of STR depends on DNA slippage, indel slippage, and point mutations. We also found that the dynamics of tandem insertions and deletions differed in both rates and size at which these mutations take place. We discuss these results in both evolutionary and mechanistic terms.
Superior Performances of the Neural Network on the Masses Lesions Classification through Morphological Lesion Differences

— Purpose of this work is to develop an automatic classification system that could be useful for radiologists in the breast cancer investigation. The software has been designed in the framework of the MAGIC-5 collaboration. In an automatic classification system the suspicious regions with high probability to include a lesion are extracted from the image as regions of interest (ROIs). Each ROI is characterized by some features based generally on morphological lesion differences. A study in the space features representation is made and some classifiers are tested to distinguish the pathological regions from the healthy ones. The results provided in terms of sensitivity and specificity will be presented through the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves. In particular the best performances are obtained with the Neural Networks in comparison with the K-Nearest Neighbours and the Support Vector Machine: The Radial Basis Function supply the best results with 0.89 ± 0.01 of area under ROC curve but similar results are obtained with the Probabilistic Neural Network and a Multi Layer Perceptron.
Gardenia jasminoides Extract Attenuates the UVB-Induced Expressions of Cytokines in Keratinocytes and Indirectly Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Expression in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a major cause of photoaging, which also involves inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). The present study was undertaken to examine the UVB-protecting effects of yellow-colored plant extracts in cell-based assays. HaCaT keratinocytes were exposed to UVB in the absence or presence of plant extracts, and resulting changes in cell viability and inflammatory cytokine expression were measured. Of the plant extracts tested, Gardenia jasminoides extract showed the lowest cytotoxicity and dose-dependently enhanced the viabilities of UVB-exposed cells. Gardenia jasminoides extract also attenuated the mRNA expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in HaCaT cells stimulated by UVB. Conditioned medium from UVB-exposed HaCaT cells was observed to stimulate MMP-1 protein expression in human dermal fibroblasts, and this effect was much smaller for the conditioned medium of HaCaT cells exposed to UVB in the presence of Gardenia jasminoides extract. Gardenia jasminoides extract also exhibited antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects in HaCaT cells exposed to UVB. These results indicated that UVB-induced injury and inflammatory responses of skin cells can be attenuated by yellow-colored plant extracts, such as Gardenia jasminoides extract.
"Stretch Goals, Managerial Responses, and Performance Feedback"

Many academics, consultants and managers advocate the use of "stretch objectives" in the belief that stretch goals generate creative tension, motivate employees and yield superior performance. There is strong evidence to support this assertion on well- structured tasks in organisational psychology. However, the evidence is conflicting about whether stretch goals are effective on complex tasks. Furthermore, there is no evidence that stretch goals at the organisational level improve performance. Here, using a management simulation, we find that the level of goal stretch stimulates perceived risk taking, reduces goal commitment, decreases self-efficacy, and increases anxiety. Additionally, seemingly impossible goals (i.e., extremely stretch goals) have a negative effect on performance. Overall, stretch and seemingly impossible goals are a rule for riches for a few but not a rule for riches for all.
ELR-Led Economic Development: A Plan for Tunisia

This paper establishes the financial feasibility of an employer of last resort (ELR) program in a small developing country like Tunisia, and argues that an ELR-led economic development policy is vastly superior to the traditional import substitution industrialization (ISI), export-led, and FDI-led development models, all of which Tunisia has adopted without much success in reducing unemployment. Despite outperforming its peers in terms of macroeconomic stability, Tunisia's official unemployment rate still hovers around 15 percent, with two-thirds of first-time job seekers having university degrees. The paper demonstrates that a well-targeted ELR program can be gradually introduced over a six-year period to remedy this problem by reclaiming sovereignty over the country's domestic monetary and fiscal policies under a floating exchange rate regime. The estimated ELR net wage bill would be around 2.7 percent of GDP; however, spending by ELR workers would offset program costs, and the net effect on GDP would be an increase of about 3.6 percent. The paper concludes by proposing a set of complementary policy reforms that must accompany an ELR program to ensure long-term growth sustainability along with full employment and price stability.
Cellular Basis of Abnormal Calcium Transients of Failing Human Ventricular Myocytes

Abstract— Depressed contractility is a central feature of the failing human heart and has been attributed to altered [Ca2+]i. This study examined the respective roles of the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa), SR Ca2+ uptake, storage and release, Ca2+ transport via the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), and Ca2+ buffering in the altered Ca2+ transients of failing human ventricular myocytes. Electrophysiological techniques were used to measure and control Vm and measure Im, respectively, and Fluo-3 was used to measure [Ca2+]i in myocytes from nonfailing (NF) and failing (F) human hearts. Ca2+ transients from F myocytes were significantly smaller and decayed more slowly than those from NF hearts. Ca2+ uptake rates by the SR and the amount of Ca2+ stored in the SR were significantly reduced in F myocytes. There were no significant changes in the rate of Ca2+ removal from F myocytes by the NCX, in the density of NCX current as a function of [Ca2+]i, ICa density, or cellular Ca2+ buffering. However, Ca2+ influx during the late portions of the action potential seems able to elevate [Ca2+]i in F but not in NF myocytes. A reduction in the rate of net Ca2+ uptake by the SR slows the decay of the Ca2+ transient and reduces SR Ca2+ stores. This leads to reduced SR Ca2+ release, which induces additional Ca2+ influx during the plateau phase of the action potential, further slowing the decay of the Ca2+ transient. These changes can explain the defective Ca2+ transients of the failing human ventricular myocyte.
Is Exchange Rate Stabilization an Appropriate Cure for the Dutch Disease?

This paper evaluates how successful is a policy of exchange rate stabilization to counteract the negative effects of a Dutch Disease episode. We consider a small open economy model that incorporates nominal rigidities and a learning-by-doing externality in the tradable sector. The paper shows that leaning against an appreciated exchange rate can prevent an inefficient loss of tradable output but at the cost of generating a misallocation of resources in other sectors of the economy. The paper also finds that welfare is a decreasing function of exchange rate intervention. These results suggest that stabilizing the nominal exchange rate in response to a Dutch Disease episode is highly distortionary.
Chapter 10: FROM MACHINE LEARNING TO DATA MINING

In this book we stay with a unified approach to discuss data and knowledge management. We started from what we called exact retrieval, and then moved to non-exact retrieval. We have seen knowledge retrieval as extended data retrieval through analogical reasoning. The next thing we want to focus on is how to max out useful information from retrieval systems. This leads to the discussion of two closely related issues: machine learning (which was briefly introduced in Chapter 9) and data mining. The materials presented in this chapter are important, due to several reasons. First of all, the notion of machine learning is very useful. As already briefly explained earlier, machine learning, as a process of search and knowledge representation, serves as a re-examination of computational intelligence (Chapter 2), and provides an effective way for automated knowledge acquisition (Chapter 5). Machine learning is extremely important for building intelligent agents. When the designer has incomplete knowledge of the environment that the agent will live in, learning is the only way that the agent can acquire what it needs to know. Learning thus provides autonomy. It also provides a good way to build high-performance systems [Russell and Norvig 1995]. In addition, the topic covered in this chapter reveals an interesting connection between database management and knowledge-based systems. The two concepts, data and knowledge, can be connected through the notions of knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) and data mining. Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) and data mining is a typical example of shared interest of computational intelligence and data/information retrieval. It is also a typical example of how their methods differ from each other. Computational intelligence techniques can be used to achieve agent-based data mining. Finally, we should also notice the interesting connection between uncertainty reasoning in knowledge-based systems and machine learning, because uncertain reasoning methods may contribute useful techniques to perform machine learning. Their relationship can also be examined from another perspective: machine learning methods intend to find regularity from data, and thus remove uncertainty from data, or maintain what is certain in the data. Basic research has been carried out in the field of machine learning for many years. But in reality it is data mining which us rapidly gaining popularity, largely due to the ever-increasing information need from profit-making organizations. Machine learning and data mining share common
The Effect of Parenting and Fathers Involvement in the Early Childhood Emotional Social Development Proses

This study aims to determine: 1) the influence of parenting and father’s involvement in the process of early education to the social development of children’s emotions; 2) the influence of social caring for children’s emotional development; 3) the effect of the father’s involvement in the process of early education to the development of children’s social emotions. This research uses quantitative methods through ex-facto research style. The authors use purposive sampling with 146 fathers and 146 children. The data were collected through questionnaires and observations: the questionnaires to collect data for parenting style and father involvement in the process of early education, while the observation sheets to determine the achievement of social emotional development of children observed. The results of this study indicate that the involvement of fathers in parenting and early education process have significant impact to children’s emotional development at the level of 0.651. The results also show a significant impact on the children’s social and emotional development to the level of 0.643. Therefore, the involvement of fathers in parenting and children’s early education effects significantly toward children’s social and emotional development at 0.477. Keywords: Child Development, Father Involvement, Parenting