Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robustness in a space of complex networks

Models of complex networks have various properties which can be measured in real networks (WWW, social networks, biological networks), e.g. degree distribution, modularity, hierarchy, assortativity etc. Determining how robust these models are could have important implications for real-world network stability, but this direction of research has seen only some progress. For example, it was shown that scale-free ∗E-mail: m.duenasesterling@sssup.it †E-mail: krystoferivanov@gmail.com ‡E-mail: xin.lu@ki.se §E-mail: ibwood@umail.iu. edu 1 networks are much more topologically robust to random errors than random networks, but more susceptible to targeted attacks. Various characteristics of complex networks might influence their robustness to failure. It is our goal to investigate how properties like degree distribution and clustering coefficient in growing network models effect how robust those networks are to failures. We generated continuous topological space of growing network models with parameters to tune degree distribution (from exponential to scale-free) and clustering (from none to high). Then we attacked the network by removing vertices chosen both randomly and selectively targeting highly connected vertices (hubs). To determine how robust these networks to random errors and targeted attacks, we investigated the size and diameter of networks’ giant connected component after attacks. We also investigated correlations between degree and clustering and the assortativity of the network under repeated errors and regrowth. We found that clustering tends to make our model more susceptible to both targeted attacks and random errors. We also found that under repeated small random errors and regrowth, correlations between node degree and clustering coefficients are reduced, and the disassortativity of the network becomes reduced.
Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among preschool children in 2003 and 2013 in Xinxiang city, Henan province, Central China

The present study was performed to assess the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection among preschool children in Xinxiang city, Henan province, China and the changes in the egg positive rate for E. vermicularis over a 10 year period. A total of 510 preschool children in 17 kindergartens were examined using the cellophane-tape perianal swab method in 2003, while 1734 preschool children in 10 kindergartens were examined in 2013 using the same method. The overall egg positive rate for E. vermicularis was 12.75% (65 out of 510) in 2003 and 5.13% (89 out of 1734) in 2013; the former was significantly higher than the latter (p < 0.05). In both 2003 and 2013, the egg positive rate for 5 to 6-year-old children was significantly higher than that of 2 to 4-year-old children (p < 0.05). However, positive rates were not significantly dependent on gender or area. Among selected personal hygiene factors, no hand washing before eating, sucking fingers or toys, and scratching around the anus were all associated with enterobiasis. The present study confirmed that the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection among preschool children decreased significantly over the 10 year period in Xinxiang city, but infection was still prevalent. Improving sanitation and personal hygiene practices, especially hand washing, could help prevent the transmission of E. vermicularis.
Therapeutic Hemoglobin Levels after Gene Transfer in β-Thalassemia Mice and in Hematopoietic Cells of β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cells Disease Patients

Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate the feasibility of treating β-thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) by lentiviral-mediated transfer of the human β-globin gene. However, previous studies have not addressed whether the ability of lentiviral vectors to increase hemoglobin synthesis might vary in different patients. We generated lentiviral vectors carrying the human β-globin gene with and without an ankyrin insulator and compared their ability to induce hemoglobin synthesis in vitro and in thalassemic mice. We found that insertion of an ankyrin insulator leads to higher, potentially therapeutic levels of human β-globin through a novel mechanism that links the rate of transcription of the transgenic β-globin mRNA during erythroid differentiation with polysomal binding and efficient translation, as reported here for the first time. We also established a preclinical assay to test the ability of this novel vector to synthesize adult hemoglobin in erythroid precursors and in CD34+ cells isolated from patients affected by β-thalassemia and SCD. Among the thalassemic patients, we identified a subset of specimens in which hemoglobin production can be achieved using fewer copies of the vector integrated than in others. In SCD specimens the treatment with AnkT9W ameliorates erythropoiesis by increasing adult hemoglobin (Hb A) and concurrently reducing the sickling tetramer (Hb S). Our results suggest two major findings. First, we discovered that for the purpose of expressing the β-globin gene the ankyrin element is particularly suitable. Second, our analysis of a large group of specimens from β-thalassemic and SCD patients indicates that clinical trials could benefit from a simple test to predict the relationship between the number of vector copies integrated and the total amount of hemoglobin produced in the erythroid cells of prospective patients. This approach would provide vital information to select the best candidates for these clinical trials, before patients undergo myeloablation and bone marrow transplant.
LTE uplink scheduling algorithms: Performance and challenges

LTE uses the SC-FDMA radio access technology for its uplink transmission. As a result, resources assigned to the same user must be contiguous in the frequency domain. Several uplink scheduling algorithms were proposed in the literature to fit that constraint. These algorithms take as input a matrix which is used by the Packet Scheduler for an efficient resource allocation. The performance of these algorithms is affected by the paradigm that is used to construct that matrix. Two main paradigms exist in the literature, channel dependent and proportional fairness. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of some LTE uplink scheduling algorithms for both channel dependent and proportional fairness paradigms. As a result, we identify the weaknesses of the existing paradigms and define some challenges for future enhancement.
Combinatorial classes on M̄g,n are tautological

The combinatorial description via ribbon graphs of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces makes it possible to define combinatorial cycles in a natural way. Witten and Kontsevich first conjectured that these classes are polynomials in the tautological classes. We answer affirmatively to this conjecture and find recursively all the polynomials.
High-Frequency, Low-Magnitude Vibration Does Not Prevent Bone Loss Resulting from Muscle Disuse in Mice following Botulinum Toxin Injection

High-frequency, low-magnitude vibration enhances bone formation ostensibly by mimicking normal postural muscle activity. We tested this hypothesis by examining whether daily exposure to low-magnitude vibration (VIB) would maintain bone in a muscle disuse model with botulinum toxin type A (BTX). Female 16–18 wk old BALB/c mice (N = 36) were assigned to BTX-VIB, BTX-SHAM, VIB, or SHAM. BTX mice were injected with BTX (20 µL; 1 U/100 g body mass) into the left hindlimb posterior musculature. All mice were anaesthetized for 20 min/d, 5 d/wk, for 3 wk, and the left leg mounted to a holder. Through the holder, VIB mice received 45 Hz, ±0.6 g sinusoidal acceleration without weight bearing. SHAM mice received no vibration. At baseline and 3 wk, muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) and tibial bone properties (epiphysis, metaphysis and diaphysis) were assessed by in vivo micro-CT. Bone volume fraction in the metaphysis decreased 12±9% and 7±6% in BTX-VIB and BTX-SHAM, but increased in the VIB and SHAM. There were no differences in dynamic histomorphometry outcomes between BTX-VIB and BTX nor between VIB and SHAM. Thus, vibration did not prevent bone loss induced by a rapid decline in muscle activity nor produce an anabolic effect in normal mice. The daily loading duration was shorter than would be expected from postural muscle activity, and may have been insufficient to prevent bone loss. Based on the approach used in this study, vibration does not prevent bone loss in the absence of muscle activity induced by BTX.
Load Dependence of β and γ Oscillations Predicts Individual Capacity of Visual Attention

Human capability to concurrently attend and perceive multiple visual objects has a limited and individual capacity of 2–4 objects. Neuronal mechanisms that support the perception of multiple objects and underlie these attentional capacity limits have remained unclear. We investigated the role of neuronal oscillations in multiobject visual perception and in limiting the attentional capacity. To this end, we used parametric multiobject tracking tasks, MEG and EEG recordings, and data-driven source-space analyses to localize the neuronal substrates of task performance. Three lines of evidence suggested a mechanistic role for neuronal oscillations in multiobject attention. First, oscillation amplitudes preceding target events were distinct for subsequently detected and undetected targets and also predicted reaction times to the target events. Second, suppression of θ to low-β (<20 Hz) and strengthening of high-β to γ (20–90 Hz) oscillations in frontoparietal and visual regions were correlated with attentional load. Third, the load-dependent strengthening of γ (30–90 Hz) band oscillations in lateral prefrontal, posterior parietal, and visual cortices predicted interindividual variability in attentional capacity. A progressive recruitment of γ oscillations in sensory, attentional, and executive networks is thus directly correlated with multiobject attentional demands and, in particular, with the individual capability to consciously attend and perceive multiple visual objects concurrently. These data support the hypothesis that γ oscillations contribute both to neuronal object representations and to attentional and executive processing.
An Approach for Identifying URLs Based on Division Score and Link Score in Focused Crawler

rapid growth of the World Wide Web (WWW) poses unprecedented scaling challenges for general-purpose crawlers. Crawlers are software which can traverse the internet and retrieve web pages by hyperlinks. The focused crawler of a special-purpose search engine aims to selectively seek out pages that are relevant to a pre-defined set of topics, rather than to exploit all regions of the Web. Focused crawler is developed to collect relevant web pages of interested topics from the Internet. Maintaining currency of search engine indices by exhaustive crawling is rapidly becoming impossible due to the increasing size of the web. Focused crawlers aim to search only the subset of the web related to a specific topic, and offer a potential solution to the problem. In our proposed approach, we calculate the link score based on average relevancy score of parent pages (because we know that the parent page is always related to child page which means that for detailed information any author prefers the child page) and division score (means how many topic keywords belong to division in which particular link belongs). After finding out link score, we compare the link score with some threshold value. If link score is greater than or equal to threshold value, then it is relevant link. Otherwise, it is discarded. Focused crawler first fetches that link which has greater value compared to all link scores and threshold.
Effects of sevoflurane and propofol on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with pre-existing diastolic dysfunction.

BACKGROUND The effects of anaesthetics on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in patients with pre-existing diastolic dysfunction are not well known. We hypothesized that propofol but not sevoflurane will worsen the pre-existing LV diastolic dysfunction. METHODS Of 24 randomized patients, 23 fulfilled the predefined echocardiographic criterion for diastolic dysfunction. They received general anaesthesia with sevoflurane 1 MAC (n=12) or propofol 4 mug ml(-1) (n=11). Echocardiographic examinations were performed at baseline and in anaesthetized patients under spontaneous breathing and under positive pressure ventilation. Analysis focused on peak early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (E(a)). RESULTS During spontaneous breathing, E(a) was higher in the sevoflurane than in the propofol group [mean (95% CI) 7.0 (5.9-8.1) vs 5.5 (4.7-6.3) cm s(-1); P<0.05], reflecting an increase of E(a) from baseline only in the sevoflurane group (P<0.01). Haemodynamic findings were similar in both groups, but the end-tidal carbon dioxide content was more elevated in the propofol group (P<0.01). During positive pressure ventilation, E(a) was similarly low in the sevoflurane and propofol groups [5.3 (4.2-6.3) and 4.4 (3.6-5.2) cm s(-1), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS During spontaneous breathing, early diastolic function improved in the sevoflurane but not in the propofol group. However, during positive pressure ventilation and balanced anaesthesia, there was no evidence of different effects caused by the two anaesthetics.
A questionnaire investigation of the relationship between trait mindfulness, trait emotional intelligence, trait anxiety and psychological well-being of working adults

Trait mindfulness and trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) are associated with improved mental health and increased life satisfaction. Conversely, trait anxiety is widely associated with lack of psychological well-being (e.g. depression and anxiety). Previous studies investigated these variables in samples of undergraduate students. It has been suggested that working adults’ mental health are a cause for concern in the UK. Using a correlational survey design, the present study investigated relationships between these constructs, including the variable stress, in a working adult population (N=225), with an age range of 22-64. The correlations were consistent with hypotheses. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that trait anxiety was the only significant variable to predict depression. Trait mindfulness, traitEI and trait anxiety predicted anxiety symptoms in the expected directions. Additionally, trait mindfulness did not contribute to stress in the sample studied, but trait EI and trait anxiety revealed significant results, in the expected direction, as predictors of stress. Furthermore, it was found that trait mindfulness, trait EI and trait anxiety were significant predictors of satisfaction with life as hypothesised. The findings confirm the importance of these variables in the psychological well-being of working adults. The limitations, applications and further research directions are also discussed.
Some considerations about and trial of transcribing words composed of Latin letters

At present, more and more words composed of Latin letters are appearing in and are admitted to modern Chinese vocabulary. However, there are different views on how they should be transcribed, and in many dictionaries, transcriptions of this kind of words are not given. The author of this paper holds that if they are not transcribed in the Chinese way, words of this kind could not be included in Chinese lexical system and that it is possible to transcribe them with the Pinyin system due to the openness of the Chinese phonetic system and similarities between Chinese and other phonetic systems.
Monocyte to Macrophage Differentiation Goes along with Modulation of the Plasmalogen Pattern through Transcriptional Regulation

Background Dysregulation of monocyte-macrophage differentiation is a hallmark of vascular and metabolic diseases and associated with persistent low grade inflammation. Plasmalogens represent ether lipids that play a role in diabesity and previous data show diminished plasmalogen levels in obese subjects. We therefore analyzed transcriptomic and lipidomic changes during monocyte-macrophage differentiation in vitro using a bioinformatic approach. Methods Elutriated monocytes from 13 healthy donors were differentiated in vitro to macrophages using rhM-CSF under serum-free conditions. Samples were taken on days 0, 1, 4 and 5 and analyzed for their lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles. Results Gene expression analysis showed strong regulation of lipidome-related transcripts. Enzymes involved in fatty acid desaturation and elongation were increasingly expressed, peroxisomal and ER stress related genes were induced. Total plasmalogen levels remained unchanged, while the PE plasmalogen species pattern became more similar to circulating granulocytes, showing decreases in PUFA and increases in MUFA. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS/DA) revealed that PE plasmalogens discriminate the stage of monocyte-derived macrophage differentiation. Partial correlation analysis could predict novel potential key nodes including DOCK1, PDK4, GNPTAB and FAM126A that might be involved in regulating lipid and especially plasmalogen homeostasis during differentiation. An in silico transcription analysis of lipid related regulation revealed known motifs such as PPAR-gamma and KLF4 as well as novel candidates such as NFY, RNF96 and Zinc-finger proteins. Conclusion Monocyte to macrophage differentiation goes along with profound changes in the lipid-related transcriptome. This leads to an induction of fatty-acid desaturation and elongation. In their PE-plasmalogen profile macrophages become more similar to granulocytes than monocytes, indicating terminal phagocytic differentiation. Therefore PE plasmalogens may represent potential biomarkers for cell activation. For the underlying transcriptional network we were able to predict a range of novel central key nodes and underlying transcription factors using a bioinformatic approach.
Biochemical Characterization of the Kinase Domain of the Rice Disease Resistance Receptor-like Kinase XA21*

The rice disease resistance gene,Xa21, encodes a receptor kinase-like protein consisting of leucine-rich repeats in the putative extracellular domain and a serine/threonine kinase in the putative intracellular domain. The putative XA21 kinase domain was expressed as maltose-binding and glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins inEscherichia coli. The fusion proteins are capable of autophosphorylation. Phosphoamino acid analysis of the glutathioneS-transferase fusion protein indicates that only serine and threonine residues are phosphorylated. The relative phosphorylation rate of the XA21 kinase against increasing enzyme concentrations follows a first-order rather than second-order kinetics, indicating an intramolecular phosphorylation mechanism. Moreover, the active XA21 kinase cannot phosphorylate a kinase-deficient mutant of XA21 kinase. The enzymatic activity of the XA21 kinase in a buffer containing Mn2+ is at least 15 times higher than that with Mg2+. The K m andV max of XA21 kinase for ATP are 0.3 μm and 8.4 nmol/mg/min, respectively. Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping reveals that multiple sites on the XA21 kinase are phosphorylated. Finally, our data suggest that the region of XA21 kinase corresponding to the RD kinase activation domain is not phosphorylated, revealing a distinct mode of action compared with the tomato Pto serine/threonine kinase conferring disease resistance.
In-building Localization using Neural Networks

Location awareness is key capability of context-aware ubiquitous environments. Received signal strength (RSS) based localization is increasingly popular choice especially for indoor scenarios after pervasive adoption of IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN. Fundamental requirement of such localization systems is to estimate location from RSS at a particular location. Multi-path propagation effects make RSS to fluctuate in unpredictable manner, introducing uncertainty in location estimation. Moreover, in real life situations RSS values are not available at some locations all the time making the problem more difficult. We employ modular multi-layer perceptron (MMLP) approach to effectively reduce the uncertainty in location estimation system. It provides better location estimation results than other approaches and systematically caters for unavailable signals at estimation time
Income, health, and well-being around the world: evidence from the Gallup World Poll.

During 2006, the Gallup Organization conducted a World Poll that used an identical questionnaire for national samples of adults from 132 countries. I analyze the data on life satisfaction (happiness) and on health satisfaction and look at their relationships with national income, age, and life-expectancy. Average happiness is strongly related to per capita national income; each doubling of income is associated with a near one point increase in life satisfaction on a scale from 0 to 10. Unlike most previous findings, the effect holds across the range of international incomes; if anything, it is slightly stronger among rich countries. Conditional on national income, recent economic growth makes people unhappier, improvements in life-expectancy make them happier, but life-expectancy itself has little effect. Age has an internationally inconsistent relationship with happiness. National income moderates the effects of aging on self-reported health, and the decline in health satisfaction and rise in disability with age are much stronger in poor countries than in rich countries. In line with earlier findings, people in much of Eastern Europe and in the countries of the former Soviet Union are particularly unhappy and particularly dissatisfied with their health, and older people in those countries are much less satisfied with their lives and with their health than are younger people. HIV prevalence in Africa has little effect on Africans' life or health satisfaction; the fraction of Kenyans who are satisfied with their personal health is the same as the fraction of Britons and higher than the fraction of Americans. The US ranks 81st out of 115 countries in the fraction of people who have confidence in their healthcare system, and has a lower score than countries such as India, Iran, Malawi, or Sierra Leone. While the strong relationship between life-satisfaction and income gives some credence to the measures, as do the low levels of life and health satisfaction in Eastern Europe and the countries of the former Soviet Union, the lack of correlations between life and health satisfaction and health measures shows that happiness (or self-reported health) measures cannot be regarded as useful summary indicators of human welfare in international comparisons.
Antibiotics as signalling molecules

We present the argument that the majority of low-molecular-weight organic compounds made and secreted by microbes play roles as cell-signalling molecules in the environment. Of the large number of compounds isolated to date, only a small fraction have been shown to possess useful therapeutic antibiotic activity. However, most microbial metabolites modulate gene transcription at low concentrations, and this is proposed to be the primary effect of the compounds in the maintenance of microbial communities in the environment. Thus, microbial metabolites constitute a large collection of cell-signalling molecules that regulate gene expression in microbial populations and possibly the interactions of these populations with the surrounding organisms.