Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Using “ Um ” and “ Uh ” on the Perceived Intelligence of a Speaker

In this study we sought to better understand the relationship between disfluencies and perceived intelligence. It is generally accepted that disfluencies such as “um” and “uh” indicate messages to a listener. In the current study, we examined how the use of “um” and “uh” impact the perceived intelligence of a speaker. We found that intelligence was not impacted by the use of “um” and “uh. ” However, we found that filler words such as “um” and “uh” do affect other aspects of speaking such as perceived preparedness, effectiveness at public speaking, and ease of understanding by a listener.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) 5-2-2012 SUPPORTING DYNAMIC REUSE IN BUSINESS CASE DEVELOPMENT

Business case development (BCD) is a complex activity, which can potentially be improved by supporting the reuse of investment criteria and valuation methods. The goal of this research was to improve the usefulness and usability of business case frameworks (BCFs), while limiting the effort required to develop and maintain static databases of reusable components. Therefore, an approach was proposed for the dynamic reuse of business case components and contrasted with static reuse of business case components. In the dynamic approach, the reusable, domain-specific criteria and methods do not need to be pre-defined by experts in templates and taxonomies, but can be reused from earlier business cases. To test whether support for dynamic reuse improves BCFs, a usability experiment was set up. Three types of support for the reuse of criteria were compared: (1) recommendations, based on collaborative filtering and representative for the dynamic approach, (2) templates, representative for the static approach, and (3) no support. The task represented a simplified BCD activity and was completed by 208 people. The main results show that although the recommendations are as effective as the templates, they are the preferred type of support.
Experiments with Boosted Decision Tree Classifiers

Boosting is the most popular method of improving quality and stabilizing weak classifiers. It bases on the voting by the group of classifiers, where each of them is generated on the basis of modified original learning set. The modification of AdaBoost.M1 and experimental results of boosted C4.5 (decision tree induction) algorithm are presented. All experimental researches are made on well known benchmark databases.
Applied Genetics and Genomics in Alfalfa Breeding

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a perennial and outcrossing species, is a widely planted forage legume for hay, pasture and silage throughout the world. Currently, alfalfa breeding relies on recurrent phenotypic selection, but alternatives incorporating molecular marker assisted breeding could enhance genetic gain per unit time and per unit cost, and accelerate alfalfa improvement. Many major quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to agronomic traits have been identified by family-based QTL mapping, but in relatively large genomic regions. Candidate genes elucidated from model species have helped to identify some potential causal loci in alfalfa mapping and breeding population for specific traits. Recently, high throughput sequencing technologies, coupled with advanced bioinformatics tools, have been used to identify large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in alfalfa, which are being developed into markers. These markers will facilitate fine mapping of quantitative traits and genome wide association mapping of agronomic traits and further advanced breeding strategies for alfalfa, such as marker-assisted selection and genomic selection. Based on ideas from the literature, we suggest several ways to improve selection in alfalfa including (1) diversity selection and paternity testing, (2) introgression of QTL and (3) genomic selection.
Guiding Children's Social Development and Learning

GUIDING CHILDREN'S SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING, Seventh Edition, focuses on ways professionals can help children develop both positive feelings about themselves and social competence. Readers will find practical, developmentally appropriate strategies for how to work with children and families from many different backgrounds and circumstances, and in a variety of group settings. And, they'll obtain a unified framework for decision-making and professional practice that incorporates sound principles of children's development, relationship enhancement, and behavior management.
Burial rituals and cultural changes in the polish community – a qualitative study

The aim of this study was to explore cultural factors affecting burial rituals in Poland. Thirty-four university students collected data from their relatives and created written narratives about deaths in their families or community. Ten additional interviews were conducted with community members, a priest, and medical personnel as part of theoretical sampling and verifi cation of emerging theories. The qualitative material was administered with NVivo and analysed using the Grounded Theory techniques to produce a complex description of folk beliefs, superstitions, as well as symbolic and psychological meaning ascribed to traditional customs. Some of the practices were found susceptible to extinction due to industrialisation, globalisation, and cultural development.
A MAP-Based Algorithm for Destriping and Inpainting of Remotely Sensed Images

Remotely sensed images often suffer from the common problems of stripe noise and random dead pixels. The techniques to recover a good image from the contaminated one are called image destriping (for stripes) and image inpainting (for dead pixels). This paper presents a maximum a posteriori (MAP)-based algorithm for both destriping and inpainting problems. The main advantage of this algorithm is that it can constrain the solution space according to a priori knowledge during the destriping and inpainting processes. In the MAP framework, the likelihood probability density function (PDF) is constructed based on a linear image observation model, and a robust Huber-Markov model is used as the prior PDF. The gradient descent optimization method is employed to produce the desired image. The proposed algorithm has been tested using moderate resolution imaging spectrometer images for destriping and China-Brazil Earth Resource Satellite and QuickBird images for simulated inpainting. The experiment results and quantitative analyses verify the efficacy of this algorithm.
Ovarian mixed‐epithelial papillary cystadenomas of borderline malignancy of mullerian type: A clinicopathologic analysis

Borderline tumors with papillae that are architecturally similar to those of serous tumors but with a lining of more than one mullerian cell type have not been well characterized in the literature. We have studied 36 such tumors. The patients averaged 35 years of age. Twenty‐two percent of the tumors were bilateral; all were confined to the ovaries as confirmed at operation. Fifty‐three percent were associated with endometriosis. Follow‐up information was available on 34 patients for a mean interval of 4.8 years. A tumor developed in the contralateral ovary in one patient 2 years after unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. Three patients had pelvic recurrences between 7 months and 3 years, but all of them were successfully treated and none have died. These tumors differ clinically and pathologically from intestinal‐type mucinous borderline tumors, but they have many similarities with mullerian mucinous borderline tumors and, to a lesser extent, with serous borderline tumors.
On the generation of vorticity at a free surface

The mechanism for the generation of vorticity at a viscous free surface is described. This is a free-surface analogue of Lighthill's strategy for determining the vorticity flux at solid boundaries. In this method the zero-shear-stress and pressure boundary conditions are transformed into a boundary integral formulation suitable for the velocity–vorticity description of the flow. A vortex sheet along the free surface is determined by the pressure boundary condition, while the condition of zero shear stress determines the vorticity at the surface. In general, vorticity is generated at free surfaces whenever there is flow past regions of surface curvature. It is shown that vorticity is conserved in free-surface viscous flows. Vorticity which flows out of the fluid across the free surface is gained by the vortex sheet; the integral of vorticity over the entire fluid region plus the integral of ‘surface vorticity’ over the free surface remains constant. The implications of the present strategy as an algorithm for numerical calculations are discussed.
International Union of Pharmacology nomenclature of endothelin receptors.

Following the discovery of ET (Yanagisawa et a! ., 1988), the existence of three distinct isoforms of ET, designated ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3, was predicted from the finding of three separate genes (Inoue et al., 1989). The expression of the three isotypes has been verified in many tissues and found to occur in various proportions. Only ET-1 is made by endothelia! cells. In addition to these endogenous ligands, sarafotoxins, constituents of a rare snake venom, have been included as members of the ET superfamily. ETs act not only on blood vessels but also in nonvascular systems. These diverse responses to ETs appear to be mediated by specific receptors. Results of many pharmacological and ligand-binding expemiments have suggested the existence of multiple subtypes
In fl ammatory mediators : Parallels between cancer biology and stem cell therapy

Correspondence: Pranela Rameshwar UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, MSB, Rm. E-579, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103, USA Tel +1 973 972 0625 Fax +1 973 972 8854 Email rameshwa@umdnj.edu Abstract: Infl ammation encompasses diverse molecular pathways, and it is intertwined with a wide array of biological processes. Recently, there has been an upsurge of interest in the interactions between mediators of infl ammation and other cells such as stem cells and cancer cells. Since tissue injuries are associated with the release of infl ammatory mediators, it would be diffi cult to address this subject without considering the implications of their systemic effects. In this review, we discuss the effects of infl ammatory reactions on stem cells and extrapolate on information pertaining to cancer biology. The discussion focuses on integrins and cytokines, and identifi es the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) as central to the infl ammatory response. Since stem cell therapy has been proposed for type II diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, pulmonary edema, these disorders are used as examples to discuss the roles of infl ammatory mediators. We propose prospects for future research on targeting the NFκB signaling pathway. Finally, we explore the bridge between infl ammation and stem cells, including neural stem cells and adult stem cells from the bone marrow. The implications of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine as pertaining to infl ammation are vast based on their anti-infl ammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Such features of stem cells offer great potential for therapy in graft-versus-host disease, conditions with a signifi cant infl ammatory component, and tissue regeneration.
Remarkably low affinity of CD4/peptide-major histocompatibility complex class II protein interactions

Significance The function of the T-cell coreceptor CD4 presents a long-standing puzzle. Although it is among the most potent modulators of immune responses, CD4 interacts with its binding partner, peptide-major histocompatibility class II (pMHC II), with previously unmeasurably low affinity. Here, we set a new upper limit for the solution affinity of CD4 and pMHC II and show that the two-dimensional dissociation constant in supported lipid bilayers is as much as two to three orders of magnitude higher than that for other interacting leukocyte surface proteins. These findings extend the known physical limits of functional protein interactions at the cell surface and suggest new ways that T cells may use differential receptor affinities during antigen recognition and discrimination. The αβ T-cell coreceptor CD4 enhances immune responses more than 1 million-fold in some assays, and yet the affinity of CD4 for its ligand, peptide-major histocompatibility class II (pMHC II) on antigen-presenting cells, is so weak that it was previously unquantifiable. Here, we report that a soluble form of CD4 failed to bind detectably to pMHC II in surface plasmon resonance-based assays, establishing a new upper limit for the solution affinity at 2.5 mM. However, when presented multivalently on magnetic beads, soluble CD4 bound pMHC II-expressing B cells, confirming that it is active and allowing mapping of the native coreceptor binding site on pMHC II. Whereas binding was undetectable in solution, the affinity of the CD4/pMHC II interaction could be measured in 2D using CD4- and adhesion molecule-functionalized, supported lipid bilayers, yielding a 2D Kd of ∼5,000 molecules/μm2. This value is two to three orders of magnitude higher than previously measured 2D Kd values for interacting leukocyte surface proteins. Calculations indicated, however, that CD4/pMHC II binding would increase rates of T-cell receptor (TCR) complex phosphorylation by threefold via the recruitment of Lck, with only a small, 2–20% increase in the effective affinity of the TCR for pMHC II. The affinity of CD4/pMHC II therefore seems to be set at a value that increases T-cell sensitivity by enhancing phosphorylation, without compromising ligand discrimination.
"Torso rotation" experiments; 1: Adaptation to motion sickness does not correlate with changes in VOR gain.

Following a 30-minute exposure to an unusual motor strategy called "Torso Rotation" (TR), the signs and symptoms of motion sickness appear along with perceptual illusions during movement, gaze and postural instability, and a significantly reduced vestibulo-ocular response (VOR) gain. With repeated exposure to TR, the motion sickness disappears and gaze instability seems to be reduced. Is this apparent improvement in gaze stability associated with a reduction of the transient change in VOR gain? Motion sickness (subjective questionnaire) and VOR gain (passive step rotations in darkness) were measured before and repeatedly after TR on 7 consecutive days. Despite a complete loss of symptoms in 3 to 4 days, the transient, daily change in VOR gain remained unaffected. Furthermore, there was no increase in the use of compensatory saccades. It is concluded that adaptation to TR-induced motion sickness is not the result of a change in VOR's sensitivity to TR.
Calories Do Not Explain Extension of Life Span by Dietary Restriction in Drosophila

Dietary restriction (DR) extends life span in diverse organisms, including mammals, and common mechanisms may be at work. DR is often known as calorie restriction, because it has been suggested that reduction of calories, rather than of particular nutrients in the diet, mediates extension of life span in rodents. We here demonstrate that extension of life span by DR in Drosophila is not attributable to the reduction in calorie intake. Reduction of either dietary yeast or sugar can reduce mortality and extend life span, but by an amount that is unrelated to the calorie content of the food, and with yeast having a much greater effect per calorie than does sugar. Calorie intake is therefore not the key factor in the reduction of mortality rate by DR in this species.
Examining the Effects of Individual's Polychronicity and Supervisor's Management Style on Creative Self-Efficacy

This research focuses on the area of individuals' creative self-efficacy studies in the workplace. Creative self-efficacy is the self belief of whether one has the capacity to perform the job creatively. In the literature, it has been established as an important factor affecting individual's creative performance. However, studies on the variables which can affect creative self-efficacy are rare. The objectives of this research are to examine whether individual polychronicity can affect creative self-efficacy; whether supervisors' supportive and non-controlling management style can influence creative self-efficacy; and whether organisational environmental factors (organisational structure, interaction with co-workers, risk-taking orientation, and a trusting and caring atmosphere) can impact creative self-efficacy. This research argues that supervisory management style can affect organisational environmental factors. Paper questionnaires and web-based surveys were conducted among 123 post-experienced students from Victoria Management School, School of Government, School of Information Management, and Centre for Continuing Education in Victoria University of Wellington. The research findings suggest that individual polychronicity, supervisory management style, interaction with co-workers and risk-taking orientation are significantly associated with individuals' creative self-efficacy at workplace. As expected, supervisory management style is significantly correlated with organisational structure, interaction with co-workers, risk-taking orientation, and a trusting and caring atmosphere. The results also show that factors like individualistic/collectivistic culture and the appointment of people in the management/non-management position can affect creative self-efficacy. Theoretically, this research has contribution to the creative self-efficacy and creative performance studies, polychronicity studies and "fit" theory between employees and organisational environment. Practically, organisations that want employees to have high creative self-efficacy may recruit polychronic individuals, provide positive creative environment, and encourage supervisors to have supportive and non-controlling management styles.
How the ICU Follows Orders: Care Delivery as a Complex Activity System

In this paper, we use the theory of distributed cognition to understand work practices in terms of the behavior of an activity system. We do so by detailing the roles that local representations of information play in the social, cognitive, organizational, and technological processes that accomplish task work. Specifically, we characterize a portion of the medication order process in an Intensive Care Unit. In this setting, the processes that execute a medication order have evolved to accomplish the primary tasks of medication administration and also to simultaneously support other important aspects of the unit's work. Designers of systems that centralize and automate information resources must consider the diverse and latent roles played by information in order to improve design and to anticipate how their products affect complex care delivery systems.
Developmental Physical Education for All Children

Part 1 The learner: an overview of developmental physical education childhood growth and motor development movement skill acquisition physical activity and fitness enhancement cognitive learning affective growth children with disabilities. Part 2 The teacher: effective teaching - skills, responsibilities, choices facilitating learning - positive discipline and classroom management teaching styles - connecting with the learner planning for success - skill themes and lesson planning assessing progress - motor, fitness and physical-activity assessment advocacy - educating, communicating, motivating. Part 3 The developmental programme: the developmental curriculum the physical-education content movement skill development through movement concept learning safety considerations and legal liability. Part 4 The skill themes: fundamental stability skill themes fundamental locomotor and non-locomotor skill themes fundamental manipulative skill themes. Part 5 The content areas: developmental games developmental dance developmental gymnastics. Part 6 The programme strands: developing the active child developing the thinking child developing the feeling child.
The oncogene EVI1 enhances transcriptional and biological responses of human myeloid cells to all-trans retinoic acid

The product of the ecotropic virus integration site 1 (EVI1) gene, whose overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis in myeloid leukemias and some epithelial tumors, regulates gene transcription both through direct DNA binding and through modulation of the activity of other sequence specific transcription factors. Previous results from our laboratory have shown that EVI1 influenced transcription regulation in response to the myeloid differentiation inducing agent, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), in a dual manner: it enhanced ATRA induced transcription of the RARβ gene, but repressed the ATRA induction of the EVI1 gene itself. In the present study, we asked whether EVI1 would modulate the ATRA regulation of a larger number of genes, as well as biological responses to this agent, in human myeloid cells. U937 and HL-60 cells ectopically expressing EVI1 through retroviral transduction were subjected to microarray based gene expression analysis, and to assays measuring cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. These experiments showed that EVI1 modulated the ATRA response of several dozens of genes, and in fact reinforced it in the vast majority of cases. A particularly strong synergy between EVI1 and ATRA was observed for GDF15, which codes for a member of the TGF-β superfamily of cytokines. In line with the gene expression results, EVI1 enhanced cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis in response to ATRA, and knockdown of GDF15 counteracted some of these effects. The potential clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Design and Implementation of a Field Programmable Analogue Array

A Field Programmable Analogue Array (FPAA) is presented based on switched capacitor technology. The chip allows true array programming of undedicated analogue cells. There is provision for internal signal-conditional switching as part of the normal function of the array. With the presented chip it is possible to implement a very wide range of analogue signal processing functions such as data conversion, linear signal processing and non-linear functions. These functional configurations can be reconfigured and parameterised on the fly during concurrent signal processing. Very rapid prototyping of switched capacitor circuits is facilitated. The field programmable nature of the chip allows several markets/customers to be targeted simultaneously with obvious benefits in terms of both volume of sales and reduced time to market.
Defective mammopoiesis, but normal hematopoiesis, in mice with a targeted disruption of the prolactin gene

Prolactin (PRL) has been implicated in numerous physiological and developmental processes. The mouse PRL gene was disrupted by homologous recombination. The mutation caused infertility in female mice, but did not prevent female mice from manifesting spontaneous maternal behaviors. PRL‐deficient males were fertile and produced offspring with normal Mendelian gender and genotype ratios when they were mated with heterozygous females. Mammary glands of mutant female mice developed a normal ductal tree, but the ducts failed to develop lobular decorations, which is a characteristic of the normal virgin adult mammary gland. The potential effect of PRL gene disruption on antigen‐independent primary hematopoiesis was assessed. The results of this analysis indicated that myelopoiesis and primary lymphopoiesis were unaltered in the mutant mice. Consistent with these observations in PRL mutant mice, PRL failed to correct the bone marrow B cell deficiency of Snell dwarf mice. These results argue that PRL does not play any indispensable role in primary lymphocyte development and homeostasis, or in myeloid differentiation. The PRL−/− mouse model provides a new research tool with which to resolve a variety of questions regarding the involvement of both endocrine and paracrine sources of PRL in reproduction, lactogenesis, tumorigenesis and immunoregulation.