Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Buying: The Effects of Group Size and Communication on Buyer Performance

Viewing social communication on group-buying platforms as a new form of IT -enabled coordination mechanisms, we examine the impact of group size and communication capacity on buyer performance on group-buying platforms. Using an economic experiment, we found that although larger groups were able to extract moderately higher surplus on average than smaller groups, there was also a negative impact of group size on group coordination for time to task completion. Interestingly, when a private communication channel was introduced for buyers, it actually lowered group surplus. We explain this unexpected finding as caused by the increased task complexity that arises from the additional needs for information processing of the exchanged messages. In general, adding communication capacity slowed down task completion, and this effect was stronger for larger groups than smaller ones. Our study suggests that business managers of group buying sites should be concerned about both the level and the kind of communication tools they want to offer and they need to be mindful that larger buyer groups may need different kinds of communication support from those needed by smaller groups.
Vocal Symptoms and Acoustic Findings in Menopausal Women in Comparison to Pre-menopause Women with Body Mass Index as a Confounding Variable

Objectives To compare the prevalence of phonatory symptoms in menopausal women compared to pre-menopause women with body mass index (BMI) as a confounding variable. Methods A total of 69 women, 34 menopausal and 35 pre-menopausal were invited to participate in this study. Demographic variables included age, smoking, and BMI. All subjects were asked about the presence hoarseness, loss of high or low frequencies, pitch breaks, throat clearing, dryness in the throat and vocal fatigue. Acoustic analysis was performed and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI)-10 was filled by all the subjects. Results There was a significantly higher prevalence of throat clearing and dryness in the menopausal group compared to the pre-menopause group with a P value of 0.035 and 0.032 respectively. When BMI was taken into account, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of any of the phonatory symptoms in menopausal women with high BMI and pre-menopause. There was no statistically significant difference in the means of any of the acoustic parameters between the menopausal group and pre-menopausal group. There was no significant difference in the mean VHI-10 between the menopause group and the pre-menopause (P = 0.652). Conclusions The results of this investigation substantiate the importance of fat as an alternative source of estrogen which can mask some of the phonatory symptoms.
The fate of circulating tumors cells. I. Passage of cells through capillaries.

Summary Experiments were done to study the behavior of circulating tumor cells as they engage the lumen of capillaries. The transplantable V2 carcinoma and Brown-Pearce carcinoma were used in domestic rabbits. Suspensions of cells were injected into the mesenteric artery while, simultaneously, microcinematic studies were made in the region of the arterio-capillary junctions of the mesentery. The majority of the cells from each tumor passed through the capillaries into the venous circulation. Cells of the V2 carcinoma were arrested more frequently than those of the Brown-Pearce carcinoma. It is concluded that tumor cells can distort to fit the narrow capillary tube and so pass through the capillary circulation into the veins. An occasional cell appears too rigid to fit into the capillary tube and is thus arrested. The incidence of permanent cell arrest varies with the type of tumor used.
Functional neuroanatomy of biological motion perception in humans

We used whole brain functional MRI to investigate the neural network specifically engaged in the recognition of “biological motion” defined by point-lights attached to the major joints and head of a human walker. To examine the specificity of brain regions responsive to biological motion, brain activations obtained during a “walker vs. non-walker” discrimination task were compared with those elicited by two other tasks: (i) non-rigid motion (NRM), involving the discrimination of overall motion direction in the same “point-lights” display, and (ii) face-gender discrimination, involving the discrimination of gender in briefly presented photographs of men and women. Brain activity specific to “biological motion” recognition arose in the lateral cerebellum and in a region in the lateral occipital cortex presumably corresponding to the area KO previously shown to be particularly sensitive to kinetic contours. Additional areas significantly activated during the biological motion recognition task involved both, dorsal and ventral extrastriate cortical regions. In the ventral regions both face-gender discrimination and biological motion recognition elicited activation in the lingual and fusiform gyri and in the Brodmann areas 22 and 38 in superior temporal sulcus (STS). Along the dorsal pathway, both biological motion recognition and non-rigid direction discrimination gave rise to strong responses in several known motion sensitive areas. These included Brodmann areas 19/37, the inferior (Brodmann Area 39), and superior parietal lobule (Brodmann Area 7). Thus, we conjecture that, whereas face (and form) stimuli activate primarily the ventral system and motion stimuli primarily the dorsal system, recognition of biological motion stimuli may activate both systems as well as their confluence in STS. This hypothesis is consistent with our findings in stroke patients, with unilateral brain lesions involving at least one of these areas, who, although correctly reporting the direction of the point-light walker, fail on the biological motion task.
The new catholicity : theology between the global and the local

Encompassing recent developments in anthropology, sociology, philosophy, and communication theory The New Catholicity explores the many aspects of globalization that challenge Christianity as it enters into its third millennium. In Schreiter's view, a deep irony, perhaps even a paradox, is concealed within the riddle of globalization. Such forces as feminist, liberation, ecological, and global theological movements find their counterparts in antiglobalism, ethnification, and primitivism. Liberation thought in a post-Soviet world seeks to be more realistic about economics but finds "reformist gradualism" a bitter pill to swallow. Intercultural theologies find analogous difficulties when they attend to "integrated" as opposed to "globalized" concepts of culture. The seeming polar opposition of [bad] "syncretism" and [good] "synthesis" in the context of changing religious identities end up much less amenable to simple value judgments than they once appeared to be.
A profile of ERP adoption in manufacturing SMEs

Purpose – This paper seeks to build and validate a typological profile of manufacturing small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in regard to their eventual adoption of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, based on the predisposition of their environmental, organizational, and technological context.Design/methodology/approach – Provides cluster analysis of secondary questionnaire data obtained from a benchmarking database of 356 Canadian manufacturing SMEs.Findings – Three types of SMEs were obtained: 140 “internally predisposed” SMEs, 60 “externally predisposed” SMEs, and 156 “unfavourably disposed” SMEs.Originality/value – Provides a valid framework for analysis that can serve ERP vendors and consultants, as well as SME owner‐managers, the first to better target their offer of products/services, and the second to better position their firm before contemplating the implementation of an ERP system.
Feature location in source code: a taxonomy and survey

Feature location is the activity of identifying an initial location in the source code that implements functionality in a software system. Many feature location techniques have been introduced that automate some or all of this process, and a comprehensive overview of this large body of work would be beneficial to researchers and practitioners. This paper presents a systematic literature survey of feature location techniques. Eighty‐nine articles from 25 venues have been reviewed and classified within the taxonomy in order to organize and structure existing work in the field of feature location. The paper also discusses open issues and defines future directions in the field of feature location. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Processing Mechanisms in Hearing-Impaired Listeners: Evidence from Reaction Times and Sentence Interpretation

Objective: The authors aimed to determine whether hearing impairment affects sentence comprehension beyond phoneme or word recognition (i.e., on the sentence level), and to distinguish grammatically induced processing difficulties in structurally complex sentences from perceptual difficulties associated with listening to degraded speech. Effects of hearing impairment or speech in noise were expected to reflect hearer-specific speech recognition difficulties. Any additional processing time caused by the sustained perceptual challenges across the sentence may either be independent of or interact with top-down processing mechanisms associated with grammatical sentence structure. Design: Forty-nine participants listened to canonical subject-initial or noncanonical object-initial sentences that were presented either in quiet or in noise. Twenty-four participants had mild-to-moderate hearing impairment and received hearing-loss-specific amplification. Twenty-five participants were age-matched peers with normal hearing status. Reaction times were measured on-line at syntactically critical processing points as well as two control points to capture differences in processing mechanisms. An off-line comprehension task served as an additional indicator of sentence (mis)interpretation, and enforced syntactic processing. Results: The authors found general effects of hearing impairment and speech in noise that negatively affected perceptual processing, and an effect of word order, where complex grammar locally caused processing difficulties for the noncanonical sentence structure. Listeners with hearing impairment were hardly affected by noise at the beginning of the sentence, but were affected markedly toward the end of the sentence, indicating a sustained perceptual effect of speech recognition. Comprehension of sentences with noncanonical word order was negatively affected by degraded signals even after sentence presentation. Conclusion: Hearing impairment adds perceptual processing load during sentence processing, but affects grammatical processing beyond the word level to the same degree as in normal hearing, with minor differences in processing mechanisms. The data contribute to our understanding of individual differences in speech perception and language understanding. The authors interpret their results within the ease of language understanding model.
Job Characteristics and the Form of Compensation

In this paper we introduce a way to systematically organize the choice between different forms of compensation based upon observable job characteristics. Secondly, we explore the determinants of compensation based upon questionnaire responses concerning job characteristics and methods of pay contained in the Quality of Employment Survey (QES), the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), and the Current Population Survey. The0501n conclusion is that there is no single model of the employment relationship that can explain the variation in compensation form. We draw upon both agency and incomplete contract models to study the interplay between job characteristics and compensation. Specific results include a) the number of tasks seems to be associated with the use of incomplete contracts; b) Piece rate jobs tend to be associated with more worker autonomy and fewer tasks performed than hourly paid jobs; c) tight labor market conditions tend to be associated with the use of bonuses and promotions instead of efficiency wages. Cet article cherche a organiser de facon systematique le choix des differentes methodes de remuneration selon les caracteristiques observables des emplois. Par apres, nous examinons de facon empirique les facteurs influencant le choix de ces methodes en utilisant l'information concernant les caracteristiques des emplois contenue dans le Quality of Employment Survey, le National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, le Panel Study of Income Dynamics et le Current Population Survey. La principale conclusion est qu'il n'existe aucun modele de la relation d'emploi qui puisse expliquer de facon satisfaisante la variation observee dans les methodes de compensation.Les resultats plus specifiques sont les suivants : a) le nombre de tâches semble etre associe a l'emploi de contrats incomplets; b) la remuneration a la piece va de paire avec la parcimonie des tâches de meme qu'avec l'autonomie accrue du travailleur; c) un marche du travail local serre tend a etre associe avec l'utilisation de bonis et de promotions plutot que des salaires d'efficience.
Internet policy and diffusion in China, Malaysia and Singapore

The Internet has had a revolutionary impact on culture, communication and economic development around the world. In their efforts of using this powerful technology as a means for leapfrogging and bridging the gaps with developed nations, developing countries face challenges of poor telecommunications infrastructure and difficulties in utilizing the Internet’s full potential and managing its information flow. By studying and comparing China, Malaysia and Singapore’s practices, this article attempts to examine how a national Internet policy can address these challenges and realize the benefits the Internet offers, and to explore what lessons developing countries can draw from a comparative approach to policy analysis.
Seed coat mucilage cells of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for plant cell wall research

Plant cells are encased within a complex polysaccharide wall that strengthens the cell and has key roles in all aspects of plant cell growth, differentiation, and interaction with the environment. This dynamic structure is under continual modification during plant development, and its synthesis and modification require the activity of a myriad of enzymes. The mucilage secretory cells (MSCs) of the Arabidopsis thaliana seed coat provide a model for the discovery of novel genes involved in the synthesis, secretion and modification of cell wall components, particularly pectin. These cells synthesize copious amounts of pectinaceous mucilage during development and, upon hydration of the desiccated seed, the mucilage rapidly swells, bursts from the MSCs and surrounds the seed in a gelatinous capsule. Several genes affecting MSC differentiation, pectin synthesis, and mucilage release have been identified and additional genes involved in these and related processes including pectin secretion and the mechanical alteration of cell walls await to be discovered.
Emulation versus simulation: a case study of TCP-targeted denial of service attacks

In this paper, we investigate the applicability of simulation and emulation for denial of service (DoS) attack experimentation. As a case study, we consider low-rate TCP-targeted DoS attacks. We design constructs and tools for emulation testbeds to achieve a level of control comparable to simulation tools. Through a careful sensitivity analysis, we expose difficulties in obtaining meaningful measurements from the DETER and Emulab testbeds with default system settings, and find dramatic differences between simulation and emulation results for DoS experiments. Our results also reveal that software routers such as Click provide a flexible experimental platform, but require understanding and manipulation of the underlying network device drivers. We compare simulation and testbed results to a simple analytical model for predicting the average size of the congestion window of a TCP flow under a low-rate TCP-targeted attack, as a function of the DoS attack frequency. We find that the analytical model and ns-2 simulations closely match in typical scenarios. Our results also illustrate that TCP-targeted attacks can be effective even when the attack frequency is not tuned to the retransmission timeout. The router type, router buffer size, attack pulse length, attack packet size, and attacker location have a significant impact on the effectiveness and stealthiness of the attack
Correlation of the Tight Junction-like Distribution of Claudin-1 to the Cellular Tropism of Hepatitis C Virus*

Claudin-1 (CLDN1), a tight junction (TJ) protein, has recently been identified as an entry co-receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Ectopic expression of CLDN1 rendered several non-hepatic cell lines permissive to HCV infection. However, little is known about the mechanism by which CLDN1 mediates HCV entry. It is believed that an additional entry receptor(s) is required because ectopic expression of CLDN1 in both HeLa and NIH3T3 cells failed to confer susceptibility to viral infection. Here we found that CLDN1 was co-immunoprecipitated with both HCV envelope proteins when expressed in 293T cells. Results from biomolecular fluorescence complementation assay showed that overexpressed CLDN1 also formed complexes with CD81 and low density lipoprotein receptor. Subsequent imaging analysis revealed that CLDN1 was highly enriched at sites of cell-cell contact in permissive cell lines, co-localizing with the TJ marker, ZO-1. However, in both HeLa and NIH3T3 cells the ectopically expressed CLDN1 appeared to reside predominantly in intracellular vesicles. The CLDN1-CD81 complex formed in HeLa cells was also exclusively distributed intracellularly, co-localizing with EEA1, an early endosomal marker. Correspondingly, transepithelial electric resistance, obtained from the naturally susceptible human liver cell line, Huh7, was much higher than that of the HeLa-CLDN1 cell line, suggesting that Huh7 is likely to form functional tight junctions. Finally, the disruption of TJ-enriched CLDN1 by tumor necrosis factor-α treatment markedly reduced the susceptibility of Huh7.5. 1 cells to HCV infection. Our results suggest that the specific localization pattern of CLDN1 may be crucial in the regulation of HCV cellular tropism.
Comparison of the multilayer perceptron with neuro-fuzzy techniques in the estimation of cover class mixture in remotely sensed data

Mixed pixels are a major source of inconvenience in the classification of remotely sensed data. This paper compares MLP with so-called neuro-fuzzy algorithms in the estimation of pixel component cover classes. Two neuro-fuzzy networks are selected from the literature as representatives of soft classifiers featuring different combinations of fuzzy set-theoretic principles with neural network learning mechanisms. These networks are: 1) the fuzzy multilayer perceptron (FMLP) and 2) a two-stage hybrid (TSH) learning neural network whose unsupervised first stage consists of the fully self-organizing simplified adaptive resonance theory (FOSART) clustering model, FMLP, TSH, and MLP are compared on CLASSITEST, a standard set of synthetic images where per-pixel proportions of cover class mixtures are known a priori. Results are assessed by means of evaluation tools specifically developed for the comparison of soft classifiers. Experimental results show that classification accuracies of FMLP and TSH are comparable, whereas TSH is faster to train than FMLP. On the other hand, FMLP and TSW outperform MLP when little prior knowledge is available for training the network, i.e., when no fuzzy training sites, describing intermediate label assignments, are available.
Thrombus aspirated from patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Clinical and angiographic outcomes

Objective To investigate differences in clinical and angiographic outcomes between patients with acute myocardial infarction with red and white thrombi. Methods A total of 137 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary interventions were included. Thrombus material was classified as white or red based on its pathology. Information on characteristics of thrombi was available for 97 (70.8%) patients. Results The total ischaemic time was significantly longer in the red thrombus group compared with the white thrombus group. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in hospital was higher in the red thrombus group than in the white thrombus group (15.6% vs 0%). Multivariable logistic analysis showed that the total ischaemic time was the only predictor of thrombus composition (odds ratio 1.353; 95% confidence interval 1.003, 1.826). Conclusion Red thrombi were present in nearly two-thirds of cases, and were associated with a longer ischaemic time and higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in hospital.
Disorganized attachment and caregiving

I. Core Questions: Etiology, Continuity, and Developmental Transformation1. The Disorganized Attachment-Caregiving System: Dysregulation of Adaptive Processes at Multiple Levels, Judith Solomon and Carol George2. Disorganization of Maternal Caregiving across Two Generations: The Origins of Caregiving Helplessness, Judith Solomon and Carol George3. Understanding Disorganized Attachment at Preschool and School Age: Examining Divergent Pathways of Disorganized and Controlling Children, Ellen Moss, Jean-Francois Bureau, Diane St-Laurent, and George M. Tarabulsy4. Continuity and Change in Unresolved Classifications of Adult Attachment Interviews with Low-Income Mothers, Susan Spieker, Elizabeth M. Nelson, Michelle DeKlyen, Sandra N. Jolley, and Lisa Mennet5. Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Attachment Disorganization, Gottfried SpanglerII. New Directions6. Caregiving Helplessness: The Development of a Screening Measure for Disorganized Maternal Caregiving, Carol George and Judith Solomon7. Pathways from Disorganized Attachment to Later Social-Emotional Problems: The Role of Gender and Parent-Child Interaction Patterns, Nancy L. Hazen, Deborah Jacobvitz, Kristina N. Higgins, Sydnye Allen, and Mi Kyoung Jin8. Disorganized Attachment Behavior Observed in Adolescence: Validation in Relation to Adult Attachment Interview Classifications at Age 25, Katherine H. Hennighausen, Jean-Francois Bureau, Daryn H. David, Bjarne M. Holmes, and Karlen Lyons-Ruth9. Maternal Solicitousness and Attachment Disorganization among Toddlers with a Congenital Anomaly, Douglas Barnett, Melissa Kaplan-Estrin, Julie Braciszewski, Lesley Hetterscheidt, Jaclyn Issner, and Christine M. ButlerIII. Clinical Applications10. Viewing Young Foster Children's Responses to Visits through the Lens of Maternal Containment: Implications for Attachment Disorganization, Teresa Ostler and Wendy Haight11. An Exploratory Investigation of the Relationships among Representational Security, Disorganization, and Behavior Ratings in Maltreated Children, Linda Webster and Rachelle Kisst Hackett12. The Circle of Security Intervention: Using the Therapeutic Relationship to Ameliorate Attachment Security in Disorganized Dyads, Caroline A. Zanetti, Bert Powell, Glen Cooper, and Kent Hoffman13. Attachment Disorganization in Borderline Personality Disorder and Anxiety Disorder, Anna Buchheim and Carol George14. Attachment Disorganization and the Clinical Dialogue: Theme and Variations, Giovanni Liotti