Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supersymmetric AdS3 Solutions in Heterotic Supergravity

We analyze the AdS3 ×M7-type supersymmetric solutions, including nontrivial fluxes, of Killing spinor equations in heterotic supergravity. We classify these solutions using their Gstructures and intrinsic torsions, for the cases that the number of seven-dimensional Killing spinors N are equal to 1, 2, 3 and 4. We find that the solutions cannot have a nontrivial warp factor and the seven-dimensional manifold M7 is characterized by G2(SU(3))-structures for the N = 1 (2) case and an SU(2)-structure for the N = 3 and 4 cases. They are further classified using their nontrivial intrinsic torsions. It is shown, including the leading-order α � -corrections, that if we impose the Bianchi identities, the integrability conditions of the Killing spinor equations imply that all the field equations are satisfied. Subject Index: 111, 121, 122
NG-DBSCAN: Scalable Density-Based Clustering for Arbitrary Data

We present NG-DBSCAN, an approximate density-based clustering algorithm that operates on arbitrary data and any symmetric distance measure. The distributed design of our algorithm makes it scalable to very large datasets; its approximate nature makes it fast, yet capable of producing high quality clustering results. We provide a detailed overview of the steps of NG-DBSCAN, together with their analysis. Our results, obtained through an extensive experimental campaign with real and synthetic data, substantiate our claims about NG-DBSCAN's performance and scalability.
Periodic Solutions of Hamiltonian Systems

Two sequences of periodic solutions with large and small norms, respectively, are obtained for Hamiltonian systems of the type \[ -\cj\dot{z}=\xi F_z(t, z)+\eta G_z(t, z), \] where F is superquadratic at $z=\iiff$ and G is subquadratic at z=0.
Robust real-time chest compression rate detection from smartphone video

Globally one of our major mortality challenges is out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Good quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is extremely important for the chance of survival after cardiac arrest. Research has shown that telephone assisted guidance from the dispatcher to the bystander can improve the CPR quality provided to the patient. Some recent work has proposed to use the accelerometer in a bystander's smartphone to estimate compression rates, but this demands the phone to be placed on the patient during compression. Our research group has previously proposed a real-time application for bystander and dispatcher feedback using the smartphone camera to estimate the chest compression rate while the smartphone is placed flat on the ground. Some shortcomings were observed with the application in high noise situations. In this paper we propose a robust method where we have modeled and parametrized the power specter density to distinguish between noisy situations, improved the update procedure for the dynamic region of interest and added post-processing steps to suppress noise. The proposed method provides excellent results with acceptable performance at 99.8% of the time testing different rates in high and low noise situations, 99.5% in a disturbance test, and 92.5% of the time during random movements.
High Altitude Hyperuricemia

Summary Fifteen normal male and 15 normal female subjects living permanently at a mining town located at an altitude of 14,000 ft in the central Andean plateau demonstrated elevations of the values of serum urate, creatinine, and hematocrit when compared with equal numbers of normal subjects living at sea level. Of the HA male group, three subjects (20%) have urate values above 8 mg/100 ml, the level at which urate deposition in tissues might take place. There is a high degree of correlation between the serum urate levels and the hematocrit and between the serum creatinine and the hematocrit in the series as a whole. Although the mean hematocrit values of the HA females and the SL males are comparable, the latter have higher urate levels, reflecting the influence of sex on urate levels.
Effect of switched biasing on 1/f noise and random telegraph signals in deep-submicron MOSFETs

Switched bias noise measurements on relatively large (>0.8 µm)n-channel MOSFETs have been reported in the literature. Measurements are presented on 0.2/0.18 µm n-channel MOSFETs the noise performance of which seems to be dominated by the effect of a small number of interface states. Switched biasing is seen to influence the dynamic behaviour of these states, and reduce the noise of the devices.
Multiple reflection error analysis for planar near field measurement in time domain

Multiple reflection signals between the probe and the antenna is always ignored in frequency domain near field measurement, which can be reduced by technique such as time gate in the time domain near field measurement sometimes. There are few articles to study about influence of the multiple reflection error affecting the result of the test for it is difficult to determine multiple reflection signals in the frequency domain. In this paper multiple reflection signals is studied by analyze the signals in the port of antenna under test (AUT). The multiple reflection signals with different probe in different position are shown, and then influence of each parameter of probe is presented.
Bortezomib‐induced pro‐inflammatory macrophages as a potential factor limiting anti‐tumour efficacy

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a chronic progressive malignancy of plasma cells. Although treatment with the novel proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, significantly improves patient survival, some patients fail to respond due to the development of de novo resistance. We have previously shown that cytotoxic drugs can induce pro‐tumorigenic host‐mediated effects which contribute to tumour re‐growth and metastasis, and thus limit anti‐tumour efficacy. However, such effects and their impact on tumour cell aggressiveness have not been investigated using cytostatic agents such as bortezomib. Here we show that plasma from bortezomib‐treated mice significantly increases migration, viability and proliferation of MM cells in vitro, compared to plasma from vehicle treated mice. In vivo, bortezomib induces the mobilization of pro‐angiogenic bone marrow cells. Furthermore, mice treated with bortezomib and subsequently were used as recipients for an injection of MM cells succumb to MM earlier than mice treated with the vehicle. We show that bortezomib promotes pro‐inflammatory macrophages which account for MM cell aggressiveness, an effect which is partially mediated by interleukin‐16. Accordingly, co‐inoculation of MM cells with pro‐inflammatory macrophages from bortezomib‐treated mice accelerates MM disease progression. Taken together, our results suggest that, in addition to the known effective anti‐tumour activity of bortezomib, host‐driven pro‐tumorigenic effects generated in response to treatment can promote MM aggressiveness, and thus may contribute to the overall limited efficacy. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal Pravastatin Prevents Altered Fetal Brain Development in a Preeclamptic CD-1 Mouse Model

Objective Using an animal model, we have previously shown that preeclampsia results in long-term adverse neuromotor outcomes in the offspring, and this phenotype was prevented by antenatal treatment with pravastatin. This study aims to localize the altered neuromotor programming in this animal model and to evaluate the role of pravastatin in its prevention. Materials and Methods For the preeclampsia model, pregnant CD-1 mice were randomly allocated to injection of adenovirus carrying sFlt-1 or its control virus carrying mFc into the tail vein. Thereafter they received pravastatin (sFlt-1-pra “experimental group”) or water (sFlt-1 “positive control”) until weaning. The mFc group (“negative control”) received water. Offspring at 6 months of age were sacrificed, and whole brains underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRIs were performed using an 11.7 Tesla vertical bore MRI scanner. T2 weighted images were acquired to evaluate the volumes of 28 regions of interest, including areas involved in adaptation and motor, spatial and sensory function. Cytochemistry and cell quantification was performed using neuron-specific Nissl stain. One-way ANOVA with multiple comparison testing was used for statistical analysis. Results Compared with control offspring, male sFlt-1 offspring have decreased volumes in the fimbria, periaquaductal gray, stria medullaris, and ventricles and increased volumes in the lateral globus pallidus and neocortex; however, female sFlt-1 offspring showed increased volumes in the ventricles, stria medullaris, and fasciculus retroflexus and decreased volumes in the inferior colliculus, thalamus, and lateral globus pallidus. Neuronal quantification via Nissl staining exhibited decreased cell counts in sFlt-1 offspring neocortex, more pronounced in males. Prenatal pravastatin treatment prevented these changes. Conclusion Preeclampsia alters brain development in sex-specific patterns, and prenatal pravastatin therapy prevents altered neuroanatomic programming in this animal model.
Opposing Functions of Classic and Novel IL-1 Family Members in Gut Health and Disease

In addition to their well-established role(s) in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal (GI)-related inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and inflammation-associated colorectal cancer (CRC), emerging evidence confirms the critical involvement of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokine family and their ligands in the maintenance of normal gut homeostasis. In fact, the paradigm that IBD occurs in two distinct phases is substantiated by the observation that classic IL-1 family members, such as IL-1, the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and IL-18, possess dichotomous functions depending on the phase of disease, as well as on their role in initiating vs. sustaining chronic gut inflammation. Another recently characterized IL-1 family member, IL-33, also possesses dual functions in the gut. IL-33 is upregulated in IBD and potently induces Th2 immune responses, while also amplifying Th1-mediated inflammation. Neutralization studies in acute colitis models, however, have yielded controversial results and recent reports suggest a protective role of IL-33 in epithelial regeneration and mucosal wound healing. Finally, although little is currently known regarding the potential contribution of IL-36 family members in GI inflammation/homeostasis, another IL-1 family member, IL-37, is emerging as a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine with the ability to down-regulate colitis. This new body of information has important translational implications for both the prevention and treatment of patients suffering from IBD and inflammation-associated CRC.
Are Preferential Trade Agreements with Non-Trade Objectives a Stumbling Block for Multilateral Liberalization

In many preferential trade agreements (PTAs), countries exchange not only reductions in trade barriers but also cooperation in non-trade issues such as labour and environmental standards, intellectual property, etc. We provide a model of PTAs motivated by cooperation in non-trade issues and analyse its implications for global free trade and welfare. We find that such PTAs increase the cost of multilateral tariff reductions and thus cause a stumbling block to global free trade. This occurs because multilateral tariff reductions decrease the threat that can be used in PTAs and thus the surplus that can be extracted from them. By explicitly modelling the interaction between preferential and multilateral negotiations, we derive a testable prediction and provide novel econometric evidence that supports the model's key prediction. The welfare analysis shows that the current World Trade Organization rules allowing this type of PTAs may be optimal for economically large countries, thus the model can predict the rules we observe. We also analyse alternative rules that constitute a Pareto improvement. Copyright 2007, Wiley-Blackwell.
Modulating lysosomal function through lysosome membrane permeabilization or autophagy suppression restores sensitivity to cisplatin in refractory non-small-cell lung cancer cells

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Most patients develop resistance to platinum within several months of treatment. We investigated whether triggering lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) or suppressing autophagy can restore cisplatin susceptibility in lung cancer with acquired chemoresistance. Cisplatin IC50 in A549Pt (parental) and A549cisR (cisplatin resistant) cells was 13 μM and 47 μM, respectively. Following cisplatin exposure, A549cisR cells failed to elicit an apoptotic response. This was manifested by diminished Annexin–V staining, caspase 3 and 9, BAX and BAK activation in resistant but not in parental cells. Chloroquine preferentially promoted LMP in A549cisR cells, revealed by leakage of FITC-dextran into the cytosol as detected by immunofluorescence microscopy. This was confirmed by increased cytosolic cathepsin D signal on Immunoblot. Cell viability of cisplatin-treated A549cisR cells was decreased when co-treated with chloroquine, corresponding to a combination index below 0.8, suggesting synergism between the two drugs. Notably, chloroquine activated the mitochondrial cell death pathway as indicated by increase in caspase 9 activity. Interestingly, inhibition of lysosomal proteases using E64 conferred cytoprotection against cisplatin and chloroquine co-treatment, suggesting that chloroquine-induced cell death occurred in a cathepsin-mediated mechanism. Likewise, blockage of caspases partially rescued A549cisR cells against the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and chloroquine combination. Cisplatin promoted a dose-dependent autophagic flux induction preferentially in A549cisR cells, as evidenced by a surge in LC3-II/α-tubulin following pre-treatment with E64 and increase in p62 degradation. Compared to untreated cells, cisplatin induced an increase in cyto-ID-loaded autophagosomes in A549cisR cells that was further amplified by chloroquine, pointing toward autophagic flux activation by cisplatin. Interestingly, this effect was less pronounced in A549Pt cells. Blocking autophagy by ATG5 depletion using siRNA markedly enhances susceptibility to cisplatin in A549cisR cells. Taken together, our results underscore the utility of targeting lysosomal function in overcoming acquired cisplatin refractoriness in lung cancer.
A prospective naturalistic study of antidepressant-induced jitteriness/anxiety syndrome

Objective Patients often develop neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and agitation after they have started taking an antidepressant, and this is thought to be associated with a potentially increased risk of suicide. However, the incidence of antidepressant-induced jitteriness/anxiety syndrome has not been fully investigated, and little has been reported on its predictors. The aim of this study was to survey the incidence of antidepressant-induced jitteriness/anxiety syndrome and clarify its predictors in a natural clinical setting. Materials and methods Between January 2009 and July 2012, we prospectively surveyed 301 patients who had not taken any antidepressants for 1 month before presentation, and who were prescribed antidepressants for 1 month after their initial visit. Patients were classified as developing antidepressant-induced jitteriness/anxiety syndrome if they experienced any symptoms of anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility, aggressiveness, impulsivity, akathisia, hypomania, or mania during the first month. Results Among the 301 patients, 21 (7.0%) developed antidepressant-induced jitteriness/anxiety syndrome. Major depressive disorder and a diagnosis of mood disorder in first-degree relatives of patients were significantly associated with induction of antidepressant-induced jitteriness/anxiety syndrome (odds ratio 10.2, P=0.001; odds ratio 4.65, P=0.02; respectively). However, there was no such relationship for sex, age, class of antidepressant, combined use of benzodiazepines, or diagnosis of anxiety disorder. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that major depressive disorder and a diagnosis of mood disorder in first-degree relatives may be clinical predictors of antidepressant-induced jitteriness/anxiety syndrome.
When are babies born: morning, noon, or night? Birth certificate data for 2013.

KEY FINDINGS The highest percentages of births occurred during the morning and midday hours. Births on Saturday and Sunday were more likely to occur in the late evening and early morning hours than births Monday through Friday. Compared with induced vaginal deliveries and noninduced vaginal deliveries, cesarean deliveries were the least likely to occur during the evening and early morning. Noninduced vaginal births were more likely than cesarean and induced vaginal births to occur in the early morning. Cesarean deliveries with no trial of labor were much more concentrated during the day than were cesarean deliveries with a trial of labor. Births delivered in hospitals and all births show similar time-of-day patterns.
Zygomycetes, Microsporidia, and the Evolutionary Ancestry of Sex Determination

Zygomycetes and their alleged sister taxon, the microsporidia, exclusively share the presence of a cluster of three genes encoding a sugar transporter, a high mobility group (HMG)-type transcription factor, and an RNA helicase. In zygomycetes, the HMG-type transcription factor acts as the sole sex determinant. This intimately ties the evolutionary history of this gene cluster to the evolution of sex determination. Here, we have unraveled the relationships of the two gene clusters by vicariously analyzing the sugar transporters and the RNA helicases. We show that if the two gene clusters share a common ancestry, it dates back to the early days of eukaryotic evolution. As a consequence, the zygomycete MAT locus would be old enough to represent the archetype of fungal and animal sex determination. However, the evolutionary scenario that has to be invoked is complex. An independent assembly of the two clusters deserves therefore consideration. In either case, shared ancestry or convergent evolution, the presence of the gene cluster in microsporidia and in zygomycetes represents at best a plesiomorphy. Hence, it is not phylogenetically informative. A further genome-wide reanalysis of gene order conservation reveals that gene order is not significantly more similar between microsporidia and zygomycetes than between microsporidia and any other fungal taxon or even humans. Consequently, the phylogenetic placement of microsporidia as sister to the zygomycetes needs to be reconsidered.
HIV Risk Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex with Men

Background: Sentinel surveillance reported high human immunodeficiency virus positivity rates among men who have sex with men. The current study has described the high-risk behavior and self-reported sexually transmitted infection(s) among self-identified men who have sex with men. Aims: The present study was to find out the extent of high-risk behavior and prevalence of self-reported sexually transmitted diseases among self-identified men who have sex with men, registered with selected nongovernmental organizations in Delhi. Materials and Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was done among 250 men who have sex with men during March 2009 to February 2010, through consecutive sampling strategy. Results: Majority (80%) were anal-receptive, received money for sex (61%) and were involved in all types of sexual intercourse with men (oral-86%, manual-97%, and anal-94%). Consistent condom use with male partner was low (46%), most common reason (52%) for not using condom was, that either the condoms were not available or the partner objected. Self-reported sexually transmitted infection(s) was 41% in the past 12 months. Conclusions: This study underscores the increased vulnerability of men who have sex with men of Delhi and need for sustained interventions.
‘You are just left to get on with it’: qualitative study of patient and carer experiences of the transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

Objectives Although the transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is known to be a period of uncertainty for clinicians, who may find progressive disease challenging to objectively identify, little research has explored the experiences of patients and carers specifically during this transition period. Our objective was to explore what patients and their carers understand about their disease stage and describe their experiences and perspectives on the transition to SPMS. Design Semistructured qualitative interviews and subsequent validation focus groups were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Setting South East Wales, UK. Participants 20 patients with MS and 13 carers were interviewed. Eight patients and two carers participated in focus groups. Results Four main themes around disease progression were identified. ‘Realisation’ describes how patients came to understand they had SPMS while ‘reaction’ describes their response to this realisation. The ‘realities’ of living with SPMS, including dealing with the healthcare system during this period, were described along with ‘future challenges’ envisaged by patients and carers. Conclusions Awareness that the transition to SPMS has occurred, and subsequent emotional reactions and coping strategies, varied widely between patients and their carers. The process of diagnosing the transition was often not transparent and some individuals wanted information to help them understand what the transition to SPMS meant for them.
Quality of Life and Disease‐Specific Functional Status following Microvascular Reconstruction for Advanced (T3 and T4) Oropharyngeal Cancers

&NA; In an effort to evaluate quality‐of‐life benefits of ablative head and neck cancer surgery and microvascular reconstruction, a longitudinal study was undertaken in which patients with T3 or T4 oropharyngeal cancers without systemic metastases at presentation were administered both general and disease‐specific quality‐of‐life instruments preoperatively and postoperatively. In an initial prospective pilot study, 17 cancer patients were evaluated both preoperatively and postoperatively using the Medical Outcomes Short‐Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF‐36) and the Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer Patients. In the second part of the study, the need was recognized for a different diseasespecific measure, for more frequent intervals of longitudinal follow‐up (rather than be limited by a single data collection point), and for a noncancer control group. Since then, 17 more cancer patients were evaluated in the second part of the study and were compared with patients who had similar reconstructions after suffering head and neck trauma and also with age‐matched controls. Instead of the performance status scale, the University of Washington Head and Neck Quality of Life questionnaire was substituted. Interval assessments were done at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and preoperatively. Whereas many of the general and disease‐specific quality of life subclasses initially worsened following extensive surgery and radiation therapy, most returned to the preoperative baseline by 6 months following conclusion of treatment and surpassed pretreatment values at 1 year. It can be concluded, based on this study, that large resections and reconstructions for head and neck cancer patients are justified in terms of outcome; the resection controls the local disease, and the microvascular reconstruction restores quality of life and functional status. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 105: 1628, 2000.)