Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and elimination of moxifloxacin after oral and intravenous administration in man.

The pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin and its metabolites M1 (sulpho-compound) and M2 (acyl-glucuronide) were characterized in 12 healthy male volunteers in an open, randomized, crossover study. After an overnight fast the volunteers were given a single 400 mg dosage of moxifloxacin either as a tablet or a 1 h infusion with a washout phase of at least 1 week between the two treatments. Multiple plasma, faeces and urine samples were collected for the analysis of moxifloxacin and metabolites using validated HPLC with fluorescence detection. The AUC for both formulations was comparable with bioequivalence criteria fulfilled, with Cmax after oral treatment approximately 31% lower. Following oral administration, absorption was fast with low to medium variability (mean dissolution and absorption time 2.4 h). The absolute bioavailability was 86%. The excretion of moxifloxacin and its metabolites was quantified in a subset of eight subjects. More than 96% of the dose was recovered from urine and faeces after oral dosing, and >98% following i.v. administration of the drug. M1, which is strongly bound to plasma proteins (90%), was mainly eliminated into faeces (approximately 37-38% of the administered dose) and to a minor extent into urine (2.5% of the administered dose) by active tubular secretion. M2 (only 5% bound to plasma protein) was only found in urine, where it amounted to approximately 14% of the dose. Plasma concentrations of the metabolites were much lower than those of the parent compound. Moxifloxacin was well tolerated with few adverse events and no clinically relevant changes in laboratory values.
Epidermal growth factor promotes a neural phenotype in thymic epithelial cells and enhances neuropoietic cytokine expression

Neural crest-derived cells populate the thymus, and their coexistence with epithelial cells is required for proper organ development and T cell education function. We show here that epidermal growth factor (EGF), a major epithelial cell growth-enhancing agent, has a morphogenetic action to promote the expression of a neuronal phenotype (e.g., neurofilament expression) in cultured thymic epithelial cells that are characterized by a cytokeratin-positive epithelial cell background. The proliferation of such neurodifferentiated cells is also enhanced by EGF. Furthermore, the growth factor enhances cells that express the genes encoding the preprotachykinin A-generated neuropeptides and bipotential neuropoietic and lymphopoietic cytokines ciliary neurotrophic factor and interleukin-6. These cytokines also enhance the neuronal phenotype of thymic epithelial cells. Therefore, EGF appears to be a composite autocrine/paracrine neuromodulator in thymic stroma. This suggests that EGF may regulate thymus-dependent immune functions by promoting neuronal gene expression in neural crest- derived cells.
Role of van der Waals bonding in the layered oxide V2O5: First-principles density-functional calculations

Sparse matter is characterized by regions with low electron density and its understanding calls for methods to accurately calculate both the van der Waals (vdW) interactions and other bonding. Here we present a first-principles density-functional theory (DFT) study of a layered oxide (V2O5) bulk structure which shows charge voids in between the layers and we highlight the role of the vdW forces in building up material cohesion. The result of previous first-principles studies involving semilocal approximations to the exchange-correlation functional in DFT gave results in good agreement with experiments for the two in-plane lattice parameters of the unit cell but overestimated the parameter for the stacking direction. To recover the third parameter we include the nonlocal (dispersive) vdW interactions through the vdW-DF method [M. Dion, H. Rydberg, E. Schroder, D. C. Langreth, and B. I. Lundqvist, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 246401 (2004)] testing also various choices of exchange forms. We find that the transferable first-principles vdW-DF calculations stabilizes the bulk structure. The vdW-DF method gives results in fairly good agreement with experiments for all three lattice parameters.
Consumer Culture, Identity and Well-Being: The Search for the 'Good Life' and the 'Body Perfect'

1. Understanding the Impact of Consumer Culture. 2. To Have is to Be? Psychological Functions of Material Possessions. 3. Consuming Passions? Psychological Motives for Buying Consumer Goods. 4. Is this as Good as it Gets? Materialistic Values and Well-Being. 5. I Shop Therefore I Am? Compulsive Buying and Identity-Seeking. 6. Does Size Matter? The Impact of Ultra-Thin Media Models on Women's Body Image and on Advertising Effectiveness. 7. Think 'Ideal' and Feel Bad? Using Self-Discrepancies to Understand Negative Media Effects. 8. What is Beautiful and Who is 'Cool'? Consumer Culture and Socialisation. 9. What is the Price of Consumer Culture? Consequences, Implications, and the Cage Within.
Validation Of The Facet Satisfaction Scale (Fss): An Evaluative Approach To Assessing Facet Job Satisfaction

Job satisfaction has, and continues to be an important construct of interest to researchers and practitioners alike. However, conflicting operational definitions and inconsistent measurement systems have reduced the efficacy of the construct in predicting important job-related outcomes for organizations and their employees. The Facet Satisfaction Scale (FSS) was designed to overcome these deficiencies by creating a facet-based measure that assesses job satisfaction in accordance with recent definitions of the construct. Reliability and validity analyses were conducted on both the complete and shortened version of the scale. The FSS exhibited evidence of reliability (ranging from .52 to .93 for the shortened FSS, and .53 to .96 for the complete FSS). Evidence of scale validity was also obtained through the use of construct, content, and criterion-related validity measures. Implications of the study on future research on job satisfaction are discussed.
Persistence and Visibility of Group Faultlines: A Theoretical Model of the Effect of Group Culture and Team Identity on the Group Faultlines-Organizational Conflict Link

We expand the group faultline theory by taking into account the relative importance of various demographics within the group that can trigger the formation of strong group faultlines. We draw on group faultline theory (Lau & Murnighan, 1998), social identity and categorization theories (Turner & Tajfel, 1986), social dominance theory (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999), and evolutionary psychology (Kurzban & Leary, 2001) to predict how group faultlines affect conflict. We propose that the visible demographic characteristics (age, race, and gender) will be more influential than the non-visible (education, tenure, and function) in determining the interaction patterns within the group (Thatcher & Jehn, 1998). We use the persistence argument from evolutionary psychological theory to further examine the relative importance of the demographics within the subgroups of non-visible and visible characteristics (Kurzban & Leary, 2001). Persistency is defined as the length of time a certain characteristic has been incorporated into society and, based on evolutionary psychology, we propose that gender is more influential than race because gender differences appeared earlier in human society than race differences (Kurzban, Tooby, & Cosmides, 2001). Similarly, we view tenure as more influential than education and function because it can be viewed as a manifestation of experience, which has long been valued in human society. We propose that models where we adjust for the relative influence of demographic characteristics based on our theory will have a better predictive caliber than when all characteristics are weighted equally. We also consider the moderating effects of group culture and team identity on the relationship between group faultlines and conflict. In particular, group culture and team identity will either inflate or deflate the potency of each demographic characteristic on conflict. That is, group faultlines will have less impact on conflict when there is a stong group culture and strong team identity. Specifically in this case, we examine an organizational culture focused on change.
Lactobacillus casei NY1301 Increases the Adhesion of Lactobacillus gasseri NY0509 to Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells

In the presence of Lactobacillus casei NY1301, the adhesion of Lactobacillus gasseri NY0509 to cultured human intestinal Caco-2 cells was significantly increased (P<0.01). In contrast, L. gasseri NY0509 did not affect the adhesion of L. casei NY1301. A heat-stable cell component of L. casei NY1301 was involved in this increase of adhesion. These results suggest that a combination of these strains may have synergistic effects of adhesion to human intestinal mucosa.
An exploratory study of tag-based visual interfaces for searching folksonomies

Aesthetic features such as animation, 3D interaction, and visual metaphors are becoming commonplace in multimedia search interfaces. However, it is unclear which attributes are needed to encourage people to use these interfaces on an ongoing basis. To design a visual interface that will elicit continual use, we first need to establish a better understanding of users' goals and strategies, in order to determine which features are critical to support those tasks. This paper reports on an exploratory study of individuals engaging with five different image and video search interfaces. Our study helped us to understand users' experiences with a variety of features and design elements, as well as categorize their common search tasks and strategies. We identified four distinct types of search: Search Known Objects + Known Keywords, Search Known Objects + Unknown Keywords, Search Unknown Objects + Known Keywords, and Search Unknown Objects + Unknown Keywords. We also identified common strategies used to accomplish each of these search types. Our findings suggest that search interfaces should maximize screen space used for visual representations of the media, provide on-demand access to titles, tags, and other metadata, and provide contextual information about previously viewed items, current keywords, and alternate keyword possibilities.
Community incidence of hepatitis B and C among reincarcerated women.

BACKGROUND The incarceration rate has increased 239% in the United States over the past 2 decades. This increase in incarceration has been fueled by the movement towards a criminal, rather than medical, response to the problem of drug dependence. For women in particular, incarceration and drug use are interdependent epidemics. Given that incarceration is common among drug-dependent persons, infectious diseases--including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection--are prevalent among incarcerated persons. We sought to determine the incidence of HBV and HCV infection among recidivist women prisoners. METHODS From 1996 through 1997, excess from serum samples collected during HIV testing of female admittees to a state Department of Corrections facility were tested for HBV and HCV. Multiple samples obtained from women incarcerated multiple times during the study period were compared for incidence. RESULTS Baseline prevalences of markers of HBV and HCV were 36% and 34%, respectively. Incidence rates for HBV and HCV infection among reincarcerated women were 12.2 and 18.2 per 100 person-years, respectively. The majority of the time spent between serial intakes was not spent in the correctional facility; thus, incident infections likely occurred in the community. CONCLUSIONS Incidences of HBV and HCV infection among reincarcerated women were high. Prisons and jails can be efficient locations for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B and C through programs such as testing, counseling, education, vaccination, and linkage to medical and drug treatment services.
Sound production in Onuxodon fowleri (Carapidae) and its amplification by the host shell

Onuxodon species are well known for living inside pearl oysters. As in other carapids, their anatomy highlights their ability to make sounds but sound production has never been documented in Onuxodon. This paper describes sound production in Onuxodon fowleri as well as the anatomy of the sound production apparatus. Single-pulsed sounds and multiple-pulsed sounds that sometimes last more than 3 s were recorded in the field and in captivity (Makemo Island, French Polynesia). These pulses are characterized by a broadband frequency spectrum from 100 to 1000 Hz. Onuxodon fowleri is mainly characterized by its ability to modulate the pulse period, meaning that this species can produce pulsed sounds and tonal-like sounds using the same mechanism. In addition, the sound can be remarkably amplified by the shell cavity (peak gain can exceed 10 dB for some frequencies). The sonic apparatus of O. fowleri is characterized by a rocker bone in front of the swimbladder, modified vertebrae and epineurals, and two pairs of sonic muscles, one of which (primary sonic muscle) inserts on the rocker bone. The latter structure, which is absent in other carapid genera, appears to be sexually dimorphic suggesting differences in sound production in males and females. Sound production in O. fowleri could be an example of adaptation where an animal exploits features of its environment to enhance communication.
The Scholastic Aptitude Test: A Critical Appraisal

Evidence presented by Warner Slack and Douglas Porter indicates that training for the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) can effectively help students to raise their scores, and that the test adds little to a student's high school record in predicting college performance. Their findings are contrary to pronouncements by Educational Testing Service and the College Board. The authors argue that students who believed they did not have to prepare for the SAT, as well as those who have had limited opportunities for preparation, may have been needlessly deprived of admission to the college of their choice. More importantly, Slack and Porter contend that students who accept the SAT as a measure of aptitude may suffer a loss of self-esteem by interpreting low scores as an indication of their own deficiencies. They conclude that their findings raise serious doubts about the fairness of the test, its validity as a measure of academic potential, and its use as a prerequisite for admission to college.
Analysis of degrees of freedom of wideband random multipath fields observed over time and space windows

In multipath systems, available degrees of freedom can be considered as a key performance indicator, since the channel capacity grows linearly with the available degrees of freedom. However, a fundamental question arises: given a size limitation on the observable region, what is the intrinsic number of degrees of freedom available in a wideband random multipath wavefield observed over a finite time interval? In this paper, we focus on answering this question by modelling the wavefield as a sum of orthogonal waveforms or spatial orders. We show that for each spatial order, (i) the observable wavefield is band limited within an effective bandwidth rather than the given bandwidth and (ii) the observation time varies from the given observation time. These findings show the strong coupling between space and time as well as space and bandwidth. In effect, for spatially diverse multipath wavefields, the classical degrees of freedom result of time-bandwidth product does not directly extend to time-space-bandwidth product.
Photoperiodic responses of broilers. III. Tibial breaking strength and ash content

1. A total of 7960 Cobb and Ross broiler males were reared on various photoperiods or continuous illumination in two trials to 35 or 40 d. Tibial breaking strength was measured in both, and tibial ash content determined in the first of the two trials. 2. Tibial breaking strength was significantly affected by photoperiod, body weight, testicular weight, and genotype. Although peak bone strength occurred at about 7 h for Ross and at 12 h for Cobb, with reductions in strength for both shorter and longer photoperiods than these peaks, the removal of body weight effects showed that tibial breaking strength was negatively correlated with photoperiod per se. However, after removal of photoperiodic influences, breaking strength was positively correlated with both body weight and testicular weight. 3. Ross birds had greater tibial breaking strengths than Cobb, irrespective of whether the comparisons were made at the same photoperiod, the same body weight, or the same ash content. 4. Ash content increased according to the logarithm of photoperiod, but was unrelated to body weight. Tibial breaking strength increased with ash content. Ash contents were similar for Ross and Cobb birds. 5. Despite the significant differences in breaking strength and ash content, there were no broken bones or signs of leg abnormality in any of the 300 birds sampled. Tibial breaking strength data may therefore be of limited value in assessing the benefits of photoperiod to welfare in modern broilers.
Ileal and jejunal Peyer’s patches in buffalo calves: Histomorphological comparison

Aim: The present study was aimed to elucidate the histomorphology of ileal and jejunal Peyer’s patches in the small intestine of buffalo calves and their structural comparison. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on neonatal (n=10) and pre-pubertal (n=10) buffalo calves. The age of the postnatal buffalo calves was estimated by their temporary and permanent dentition. Results: The study revealed that several layers of oval to elongate elliptical lymphoid follicles were observed in submucosa on the anti-mesenteric side in the ileum of early neonatal calves. However, the follicles at this age, in jejunum were of all shapes present within one layer. The interfollicular space was occupied by the interfollicular tissue, which was diffuse and wider around jejunal lymphoid follicles as compared to ileal lymphoid follicles. However, toward the pubertal stage, the number of layers of lymphoid follicles was reduced in ileum due to involution while it remained similar in number in jejunum at this stage. Conclusion: The ileal Peyer’s patches were found to have started involution more or less around reaching puberty, whereas the jejunal Peyer’s patches appear to be functional throughout the lifespan of the animal.
Antimicrobial resistance pattern in Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection among inpatients

Background & objectives: Recent studies suggest an increasing antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection (UTI). We undertook this study to know the resistance pattern of E. coli causing UTI in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in north India, and to know the treatment given and response of the patients. Methods: The details of E. coli grown from urine samples and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern were collected from the laboratory registers and the patient details were collected from the case records. The urine samples received were processed using standard methods and antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. Results: Of the total 311 E. coli isolates, 119 (38.2%) were isolated from in-patients, which were considered for the study. Of these 119 E. coli isolates, 91 (76.51%) were multi drug resistant (MDR). The isolates showed high levels of resistance to ampicillin (88.4%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (74.4%), norfloxacin (74.2%), cefuroxime (72.2%), ceftriaxone (71.4%) and co-trimoxazole (64.2%). The isolates were sensitive to amikacin (82.6%), piperacillin-tazobactum (78.2%), nitrofurantoin (82.1%) and imipenem (98.9%). Ceftriaxone was most commonly used for empirical therapy for UTI among inpatients in our hospital. Of the 93 cases of UTI due to MDR E. coli, 73 improved on treatment and 12 worsened, which were referred to higher centres. Interpretation & conclusions: Our study showed that 76.5 per cent of E. coli isolates from urine samples of inpatients were MDR. Diabetes, chronic renal disease and catherization were some of the risk factors associated. The high rate of resistance could be because only inpatients were included and the increased usage of cephalosporins in our hospital for empirical therapy.
In Defense of Shame: The Faces of an Emotion

Preface Introduction A. Why shame? B. Emotions and their Dimensions C. Shame and the sense of shame D. Emotions and morality E. The structure of the book Part One: Two Dogmas About Shame Chapter I. The Social Emotion Chapter II. The Ugly Emotion Part Two: The Nature Of Shame Chapter III. Shame, values and the self Chapter IV. Shame revealed Part Three: Revisiting the Dogmas Chapter V. Socialism with Modesty Chapter VI. Shame's Fragile Beauty Part Four: Shame in the Public Domain Chapter VII. Shame, Crime, and Punishment Chapter VIII. Shame, Legislation, and Subordination
Detection and characterization of intracardiac thrombi on MR imaging.

OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy achieved using different MR techniques with the diagnostic accuracy achieved using transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography to detect intracardiac thrombi. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with known or suspected intracardiac thrombi were examined using MR imaging and echocardiography. All MR examinations were performed on a 1.5-T MR scanner using dark-blood-prepared half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) sequences, fast imaging steady-state free precession (trueFISP) cine sequences, and inversion recovery gradient-echo fast low-angle-shot (inversion recovery turbo FLASH) sequences after injection of 0.2 mmol/kg of gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid. RESULTS MR imaging and echocardiography revealed 12 thrombi-two in the right atrium, one in the right ventricle, three in the left atrium, and six in the left ventricle. Compared with echocardiography, MR imaging revealed three additional thrombi in the left ventricle; these thrombi were confirmed at surgery. All 15 thrombi appeared as filling defects on early contrast-enhanced inversion recovery turbo FLASH MR images. Only seven thrombi were detected on HASTE images, and 10 thrombi were seen on trueFISP images. Four thrombi showed enhancement 10-20 min after contrast material injection and were characterized as organized clots. CONCLUSION Contrast-enhanced inversion recovery turbo FLASH sequences were superior to dark-blood-prepared HASTE and trueFISP cine MR images in revealing intracardiac thrombi. Compared with transthoracic echocardiography, MR imaging was more sensitive for the detection of left ventricular thrombi. The characterization of thrombi may be used to predict the risk of embolism, which is higher for subacute clots than for organized thrombi.
Protective factors and the development of resilience among boys from low-income families

The purpose of the study was to advance our understanding of resilience by studying multiple protective factors associated with positive adjustment among an ethnically diverse sample of 226 low-income boys followed prospectively from ages 1.5 to 12, using trajectories of neighborhood quality from ages 1.5-10 to define risk status. The results indicated that child IQ, nurturant parenting, parent-child relationship quality, and marital quality measured in early childhood were all significantly associated with a composite measure tapping low levels of antisocial behavior and high levels of social skills at ages 11 and 12. However, these results were qualified by the fact that marital quality was only significantly related to positive social adjustment in the context of low levels of risk. Results suggest that with the exception of marital quality, these protective factors operate in a comparable manner with respect to positive social adjustment for this predominantly low-income urban sample of boys.