Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MESLEKİ YETERLİLİK DUYGUSU

Bu calisma Turkiyedeki bir grup ogretmen adayinin kendilerini bu meslekte ne kadar yeterli bulduklarinin tespiti icin yapilmistir.Ayrica bu calismada cinsiyet, ogretmenlik kademesi ve siniflara gore yeterliligin farklilasip farklilasmadigi arastirilmistir. Arastirmada Tschannen- Moran ve Woolfolk-Hoy tarafindan gelistirilen Ogretmen Yeterlilik Duygusu (Teacher Sense of Efficacy) anketi Abant Izzet Baysal Universitesi, Egitim Fakultesi ve Beden Egitimi Spor Yuksek Okulunda okuyan 1145 birinci ve son sinif ogretmen adayi tarafindan doldurulmustur. Arastirmanin sonuclarina gore, ogretmen adaylarinin yeterlilik ortalamasi 7.118 dir. Yeterlilik duygusunun cinsiyete gore farkli oldugu, bayanlarin erkeklerden daha fazla kendilerini yeterli gordukleri belirlenmistir. Ogretmen adaylarinin sinif ve ogretmenlik kademe tercihine gore ise bir farklilik gostermedigi tespit edilmistir
The predicament of time near the end of life: Time perspective trajectories of life satisfaction among the old-old

Objective: The present study investigated time perspective in old-old age as embodied in trajectories of life satisfaction ratings that individuals attribute to their past, present, and anticipated future. We hypothesized that these trajectories represent diverse strategies of coping with old age. Method: The sample was composed of 164 participants (mean age 91.9, SD = 4.3) who survived the third wave of a national longitudinal study in Israel. The findings indicated four groups; three with distinctive trajectories of life satisfaction – equilibrated, descending, and no-future, along with an unreported trajectory group. Results: The equilibrated trajectory group exhibited the highest functioning on central markers of adaptation (indicating depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and physical performance). The descending and the no-future trajectories were found to be moderately effective strategies. The unreported trajectory presented the lowest level of functioning. Conclusions: The findings revealed the adaptive roles of time-related perspective on life in old-old people. This perspective reflects a variety of rudimentary trajectories that constitute a time-based module of well-being along the continuum of one's life story. The study suggests that the diverse trajectories relate to essential domains of functioning. Practitioners and therapists may profit from assessing the time perspective of the old-old and directing it into more adaptive trajectories.
Maternal Folate and Vitamin B12 Status and Neural Tube Defects in Northern Iran: A Case Control Study

Objective This study was conducted to determine the serum level of folic acid and vitamin B12 in neural tube defects pregnancies (NTD) and healthy controls in Northern Iran. Methods This case-control study was performed on women with neural tube defects pregnancies and controls with unaffected pregnancies in Northern Iran during 2006. Twenty three pregnant women whose pregnancies were diagnosed as NTD by a second-trimester ultrasonographic examination were recruited as cases. The control group (n=23) consisted of women who were selected among socio-economic status (SES) matched women who had a normal targeted ultrasound during the second trimester with documented normal fet al outcome. Fetal NTD was suspected with targeted second-trimester ultrasound during the 16th week of gestation and confirmed with high maternal serum α-fetoprotein levels. Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine and alpha fetoprotein were evaluated after target ultrasonography. Findings Serum alpha fetoprotein level (mean±SD) in cases and controls was 120.2±64.1 and 50±33.5 iu/ml, respectively (P<0.05). The mean±SD folate in cases and controls was 8.4±4.2 versus 9.3±4.2 ng/ml, respectively. This difference was not significant. Folate deficiency was found in 30.4% of the cases and 13% of the controls (OR=2.9, 95%: 0.54–19.8). Vitamin B12 deficiency was found in 13% of cases and 17.7% of the controls (OR=0.7, 95%: 0.1-4.9). Conclusion This study showed that the probability of having a newborn with NTDs in maternal folate deficiency is three times higher than with normal folate in Northern Iran.
Achieving Efficiency without Sacrificing Model Accuracy: Network Calculus on Compact Domains

Messages traversing a network commonly experience waiting times due to sharing the forwarding resources. During those times, the crossed systems must provide sufficient buffer space for queueing messages. Network Calculus (NC) is a mathematical methodology for bounding flow delays and system buffer requirements. The accuracy of these performance bounds depends mainly on two factors: the principles manifesting in the NC flow equation and the functions describing the system. We focus on the latter aspect. Common implementations of NC overapproximate these functions in order to keep the analysis computationally feasible. However, overapproximation often results in a loss of accuracy of the performance bounds. In this paper, we make such compromising tradeoffs between model accuracy and computational effort obsolete. We limit the accurate system description to functions of a compact domain, such that the accuracy of the NC analysis is preserved. Tying the domain bound to the algebraic operators of NC instead of the operational semantics of components, allows us to directly apply our solution to algebraic NC analyses that implement principles such as pay burst only once and pay multiplexing only once.
Adult Women Students in the Academy: Impostors or Members?

H istorically women have been considered the weaker of the sexes. This idea of women as less than equal has resulted in the gender being categorized and socialized as dependent, nurturing, and emo­ tional, whereas men are viewed as independent, strong, and rational. Such ingrained stereotypes have been inter­ nalized by society in general, and have led women to see themselves as needing and deserving little power and suc­ cess. The Modern Women's Movement of the 1970s af­ forded unprecedented access and opportunities for women in the workplace and in higher education. De­ spite their achievements in these arenas, many women still feel that their successes are undeserved. Such per­ ceptions of unworthiness can translate into a syndrome commonly referred to in psychological literature as the Impostor Phenomenon (IP) , a gendered phenomenon prevalent among student populations. This article is a critical review of the literature concerning adult women students and the Impostor Phenomenon. The article also discusses how the Impostor Phenomenon is fostered in adult women students, what this implies, and possible solutions to these issues.
Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) numerical abilities: addition and further experiments on a zero-like concept.

A Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus), able to quantify 6 or fewer item sets (including heterogeneous subsets) by using English labels (I. M. Pepperberg, 1994), was tested on addition of quantities involving 0-6. He was, without explicit training, asked, "How many total X? " for 2 sequentially presented collections (e.g., of variously sized jelly beans or nuts) and required to answer with a vocal English number label. His accuracy suggested (a) that his addition abilities are comparable to those of nonhuman primates and young children, (b) some limits as to his correlation of "none" and the concept of zero, and (c) a possible counting-like strategy for the quantity 5.
Conceptualizing the Practitioner Doctorate.

Professional doctorates now form an established alternative to the PhD, both in the UK and Australia. Recent developments have seen the emergence of what some commentators call second‐generation doctorates, more closely geared to the needs of professional practitioners. The current culmination of this development is represented by what might be termed practitioner doctorates, based on development projects which result in substantial organizational or professional change and (to paraphrase the widely used criterion for a PhD thesis) a significant contribution to practice. These programmes pose a challenge to traditional notions of doctoral work based on research. They can, however, be conceptualized in a way that is both robust academically and represents a high level of adequacy for the complex and far‐reaching problems encountered in contemporary society.
Diversity and Homogeneity in Responses of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons

Dopamine neurons of the ventral midbrain have been found to signal a reward prediction error that can mediate positive reinforcement. Despite the demonstration of modest diversity at the cellular and molecular levels, there has been little analysis of response diversity in behaving animals. Here we examine response diversity in rhesus macaques to appetitive, aversive, and neutral stimuli having relative motivational values that were measured and controlled through a choice task. First, consistent with previous studies, we observed a continuum of response variability and an apparent absence of distinct clusters in scatter plots, suggesting a lack of statistically discrete subpopulations of neurons. Second, we found that a group of “sensitive” neurons tend to be more strongly suppressed by a variety of stimuli and to be more strongly activated by juice. Third, neurons in the “ventral tier” of substantia nigra were found to have greater suppression, and a subset of these had higher baseline firing rates and late “rebound” activation after suppression. These neurons could belong to a previously identified subgroup of dopamine neurons that express high levels of H-type cation channels but lack calbindin. Fourth, neurons further rostral exhibited greater suppression. Fifth, although we observed weak activation of some neurons by aversive stimuli, this was not associated with their aversiveness. In conclusion, we find a diversity of response properties, distributed along a continuum, within what may be a single functional population of neurons signaling reward prediction error.
Quality Indicators for the Care of Colorectal Cancer in Vulnerable Elders

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in the United States in both sexes and has the third highest cancer-related mortality. Colorectal cancer is primarily a disease of elderly people, because the median age of colorectal cancer patients at the time of diagnosis is 72. Age also influences colorectal cancer outcomes. Based on a systematic review of the literature on colorectal cancer surgery, 30-day postoperative mortality was significantly higher in elderly patients than in those younger than 65, and 1.8, 3.2, and 5.2 times as high in those aged 65 to 74, 75 to 84, and 85 and older, respectively. However, some elderly patients (even those aged 85) have survived longer than 2 years, suggesting that elderly patients should not be denied operative intervention based on age alone. Previous research has also found significant variability within the elderly population in rates of colorectal cancer screening, surgery, and use of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The current review presents the quality indicators (QIs) for vulnerable elders (VEs) with colorectal cancer that the expert panel rated as valid, along with the available data in support of each of these indicators.
Specific nasal symptoms and symptom‐provoking factors may predict increased risk of developing COPD

In a 1992 questionnaire study, we found that certain nasal symptoms and symptom‐provoking factors were associated with prevalence of self‐reported chronic bronchitis/emphysema (CBE). In this follow‐up study, we examined whether any nasal features could predict an increased incidence of self‐reported physician’s diagnosis of CBE/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In 2000, a survey was performed similar to the one in 1992. Of a paired follow‐up group of 4933 participants aged 28–67 years, 4280 (86·8%) returned the questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) for cumulative incidence (between 1992 and 2000) of self‐reported physician‐diagnosed CBE/COPD and asthma, respectively, were calculated by logistic regression with adjustment for age, gender and smoking habits. Reports of thick, yellow nasal discharge and nasal blockage in 1992 predicted incidence of CBE/COPD: OR 2·3 (1·2–4·2) and 1·8 (1·1–2·8) respectively. Moreover, nasal symptoms provoked by exposure to damp/cold air and tobacco smoke predicted CBE/COPD: OR 3·4 (1·9–6·0) and 2·5 (1·4–4·2). Nasal itching and nasal symptoms provoked by exposure to grass pollen and furred animals predicted incidence of asthma. These results suggest that certain nasal symptoms and nasal symptom‐provoking exposures, different from those commonly associated with asthma, may predict increased risk of developing CBE/COPD. This supports the possibility of nasal co‐morbidity in COPD.
Using Consultation with a Grandmother as an Adjunct to Play Therapy

This article presents a case study illustrating the use of consultation with a grandmother as an adjunct to play therapy. First, a rationale for using consultation is presented, followed by a description of an ecobehavioral model of consultation. Next, a case describing how the consultation model was used with a grandmother whose 4-year-old granddaughter was being seen in play therapy is presented. Finally, advantages of this approach in the context of the case are presented.
Understanding dieting: A social cognitive analysis of hedonic processes in self-regulation

The present paper introduces a novel approach to understanding failures of self-regulation in chronic dieters. Traditional approaches to this problem have focused on consciously controlled processes of eating regulation, such as the realisation that one has overeaten, or the experience of food cravings. We argue, however, that dieters' problem might rather lie in their sensitivity to the hedonic aspects of food and the resulting inhibition of their dieting goal. We present a goal-conflict model that integrates recent findings on hedonic sensitivity in eating regulation with social cognition research on nonconscious goal pursuit. We show that the perception of attractive food triggers hedonic thoughts about food in chronic dieters and leads to the inhibition of their dieting goal. These processes make subsequent overeating more likely, while bypassing dieters' conscious awareness. We discuss how our model can accommodate earlier research findings in this area, and we consider its implications for dieting behaviour and for our attempts to resist temptations more generally.
A Maximum A Posteriori Probability Viterbi Data Association Algorithm for Ball Tracking in Sports Video

In this paper, we derive a data association algorithm for object tracking in a maximum a posteriori framework: the output of the algorithm is the sequence of measurement-to-target associations with maximum a posteriori probability. We model the object motion as a Markov process, and solve this otherwise combinatorially complex problem efficiently by applying the Viterbi algorithm. A method for combining forward and backward tracking results is also developed, to recover from tracking errors caused by abrupt motion changes of the object. The proposed algorithm is applied to broadcast tennis video to track a tennis ball. Experiments show that its performance is comparable to that of a computationally more expensive particle-filter-based algorithm
Estimating quadratic variation using realized variance

This paper looks at some recent work on estimating quadratic variation using realised variance (RV) — that is sums of M squared returns. This econometrics has been motivated by the advent of the common availability of high frequency financial return data. When the underlying process is a semimartingale we recall the fundamental result that RV is a consistent (as M →∞ ) estimator of quadratic variation (QV). We express concern that without additional assumptions it seems difficult to give any measure of uncertainty of the RV in this context. The position dramatically changes when we work with a rather general SV model — which is a special case of the semimartingale model. Then QV is integrated variance and we can derive the asymptotic distribution of the RV and its rate of convergence. These results do not require us to specify a model for either the drift or volatility functions, although we have to impose some weak regularity assumptions. We illustrate the use of the limit theory on some exchange rate data and some stock data. We show that even with large values of M the RV is sometimes a quite noisy estimator of integrated variance.
A comprehensive catalog of predicted functional upstream open reading frames in humans

Abstract Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) latent in mRNA transcripts are thought to modify translation of coding sequences by altering ribosome activity. Not all uORFs are thought to be active in such a process. To estimate the impact of uORFs on the regulation of translation in humans, we first circumscribed the universe of all possible uORFs based on coding gene sequence motifs and identified 1.3 million unique uORFs. To determine which of these are likely to be biologically relevant, we built a simple Bayesian classifier using 89 attributes of uORFs labeled as active in ribosome profiling experiments. This allowed us to extrapolate to a comprehensive catalog of likely functional uORFs. We validated our predictions using in vivo protein levels and ribosome occupancy from 46 individuals. This is a substantially larger catalog of functional uORFs than has previously been reported. Our ranked list of likely active uORFs allows researchers to test their hypotheses regarding the role of uORFs in health and disease. We demonstrate several examples of biological interest through the application of our catalog to somatic mutations in cancer and disease-associated germline variants in humans.
Green communication via Type-I ARQ: Finite block-length analysis

This paper studies the effect of optimal power allocation on the performance of communication systems utilizing automatic repeat request (ARQ). Considering Type-I ARQ, the problem is cast as the minimization of the outage probability subject to an average power constraint. The analysis is based on some recent results on the achievable rates of finite-length codes and we investigate the effect of codewords length on the performance of ARQ-based systems. We show that the performance of ARQ protocols is (almost) insensitive to the length of the codewords, for codewords of length ≥ 50 channel uses. Also, optimal power allocation improves the power efficiency of the ARQ-based systems substantially. For instance, consider a Rayleigh fading channel, codewords of rate 1 nats-per-channel-use and outage probability 10-3. Then, with a maximum of 2 and 3 transmissions, the implementation of power-adaptive ARQ reduces the average power, compared to the open-loop communication setup, by 17 and 23 dB, respectively, a result which is (almost) independent of the codewords length. Also, optimal power allocation increases the diversity gain of the ARQ protocols considerably.
‘Healthy Prisons’: A Contradiction in Terms?

Recent developments in prison health care promise enhanced health benefits for prisoners and the promotion of health has become a central feature of prison health care policy. This article presents the background to these changes and considers what they are likely to mean in practice. It provides a description of the emergence of health promotion within the prison setting, locating prison-based initiatives within the context of the wider political drive towards health promotion in society at large. Finally, it raises questions about the fundamental philosophies underpinning current models of prison health care where the benevolent aims of health promotion may become extremely punitive.
Efficacy and tolerability of lumiracoxib 100 mg once daily in knee osteoarthritis: a 13-week, randomized, double-blind study vs. placebo and celecoxib

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of lumiracoxib for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: This was a 13-week, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled study. Males or females aged ≥ 18 years with primary knee OA received lumiracoxib 100 mg od, lumiracoxib 100 mg od with a loading dose of 200 mg od for the first two weeks, celecoxib 200 mg od, or placebo. Main outcome measures: Co-primary variables, assessed at week 13, were OA pain intensity in the target knee, patient's global assessment of disease activity and the WOMAC total score. Other variables included OMERACT–OARSI responder rates and WOMAC subscale scores. Safety and tolerability were evaluated. Results: All active treatments were superior to placebo for all co-primary variables. No significant differences were observed between any active treatments. Mean reductions from baseline to week 13 for lumiracoxib 100 mg od, 100 mg od with loading dose, celecoxib and placebo, respectively, were: OA pain intensity in the target knee: 26.8, 26.2, 26.6 and 21.4 mm (all p < 0.01 vs. placebo); patient's global assessment of disease activity: 25.1, 21.9, 22.9 and 18.9 mm (all p < 0.05 vs. placebo); WOMAC total score: 15.2, 14.8, 14.7 and 11.3 (all p < 0.01 vs. placebo). Lumiracoxib was superior to placebo and similar to celecoxib for OMERACT–OARSI response and WOMAC subscale scores. Lumiracoxib was well tolerated. The incidence of adverse events was similar across groups. Conclusions: Lumiracoxib 100 mg od provided effective relief from the pain of knee OA, with efficacy similar to celecoxib 200 mg od, and was well tolerated.
Developing rubella vaccination policy in Nepal--results from rubella surveillance and seroprevalence and congenital rubella syndrome studies.

BACKGROUND The Government of Nepal is interested in preventing congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Surveillance data were analyzed and studies conducted to assess the burden of rubella and CRS and aid in developing a rubella vaccination strategy. METHODS (1) Analysis of rubella cases reported through measles surveillance, 2004-2009; (2) in 2008, rubella seroprevalence among women 15 to 39 years of age was evaluated; and (3) in 2009, children attending a school for the deaf were examined for ocular defects associated with CRS. RESULTS From 2004-2009, there were 3,710 confirmed rubella cases and more than 95% of these cases were less than 15 years of age. Of 2,224 women of childbearing age (WCBA) tested for anti-rubella IgG, 2,020 (90.8%) were seropositive. Using a catalytic infection model, approximately 1,426 infants were born with CRS (192/100,000 live births) in 2008. Among 243 students attending a school for the deaf, 18 (7.4%) met the clinical criteria for CRS. CONCLUSIONS Rubella and CRS were documented as significant public health problems in Nepal. A comprehensive approach is necessary, including introducing rubella vaccine in the routine program, assuring immunity among WCBA, strengthening routine immunization, integrating rubella surveillance with measles case-based surveillance, and establishing CRS surveillance.
Over 1.7 kV normally-off GaN hybrid MOS-HFETs with a lower on-resistance on a Si substrate

In this study, normally-off GaN hybrid MOS-HFET devices on 4-inch Si substrates were fabricated, and the device characteristics were examined. As a result, the breakdown voltage (Vb) was improved using a combination of a high-resistive carbon-doped back barrier layer and a thin channel layer of 50 nm. The specific on-resistance (RonA) was estimated to be less than 7.1 mΩcm2 for Lgd = 12 μm, and Vb was estimated to be over 1.71 kV for Lgd = 18 μm. To our knowledge, these values are the best results ever reported for normally-off GaN-based MOSFETs.