Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Air Temperature and the Occurrence of Myocardial Infarction in Augsburg, Germany

Background— Air temperature changes have been associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study was to examine in detail the registry-based myocardial infarction (MI) rates and coronary deaths in relation to air temperature in the area of Augsburg, Germany. Methods and Results— Between 1995 and 2004, the Monitoring Trends and Determinants on Cardiovascular Diseases/Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (MONICA/KORA) registry recorded 9801 cases of MI and coronary deaths. Over the same period, meteorological parameters and air pollutant concentrations were measured in the study region. Poisson regression analyses adjusting for time trend, relative humidity, season, and calendar effects were used to estimate immediate, delayed, and cumulative temperature effects on the occurrence of MIs. The daily rates of total MI, nonfatal and fatal events, and incident and recurrent events were analyzed. For the total MI cases, a 10°C decrease in 5-day average temperature was associated with a relative risk of 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.15). The effect of temperature on the occurrence of nonfatal events showed a delayed pattern, whereas the association with fatal MI was more immediate. No association could be observed for recurrent events. The effects of temperature decreases on total MI cases were more pronounced in years with higher average temperatures and were visible in summer. Conclusions— We observed an inverse relationship between temperature and MI occurrence not only during winter but also during summer. Thus, our results suggest not a pure “cold effect” but an influence of unusual temperature decreases.
Computers and Mathematics with Applications Multiplicity of Steady Solutions in Two-dimensional Lid-driven Cavity Flows by Lattice Boltzmann Method

Keywords: Lattice Boltzmann Method D2Q9 model Two-sided square cavity Four-sided square cavity Bounce-back boundary condition a b s t r a c t This work is concerned with the computation of two-and four-sided lid-driven square cavity flows and also two-sided rectangular cavity flows with parallel wall motion by the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) to obtain multiple stable solutions. In the two-sided square cavity two of the adjacent walls move with equal velocity and in the four-sided square cavity all the four walls move in such a way that parallel walls move in opposite directions with the same velocity; in the two-sided rectangular lid-driven cavity flow the longer facing walls move in the same direction with equal velocity. Conventional numerical solutions show that the symmetric solutions exist for all Reynolds numbers for all the geometries, whereas multiplicity of stable states exist only above certain critical Reynolds numbers. Here we demonstrate that Lattice Boltzmann method can be effectively used to capture multiple steady solutions for all the aforesaid geometries. The strategy employed to obtain these solutions is also described.
Does new bank loan at the time of IPO reduce information asymmetry

Previous research has examined the role of existing bank loans in reducing information asymmetry. In this paper, we posit that new bank loans made at or just prior to the IPO should have significant information content for investors. This should reduce information asymmetry and lower underpricing of IPOs. Using data on Indian IPOs over the period 2001-2008, we find that new bank loan initiated at or just before the IPO significantly reduces information asymmetry as both underpricing and price revisions are much lower for firms with new bank loans at the time of IPO. Our results are robust to a number of control variables and sample selection bias.
Contraversive Pushing and Inattention of the Contralesional Hemispace

The aim of this study was to investigate, in 114 stroke patients, the frequency of occurrence of a largely unknown neurological disorder, characterized by a postural imbalance due to a ‘pushing away’ reaction of the body towards the contralesional side of space, in function of hemispheric lesion localization and gender. The study also investigate the relation of this contraversive pushing with active movement, somatosensory perception deficits and, in particular, inattention of contralesional hemispace and body. The similarity of the presence of contraversive pushing and the syndrome of spatial hemineglect together with a gender-related differentiation suggest the existence of a “pusher syndrome”, in which the pathophysiology points in the direction of a spatial higher-order processing deficit, related to spatial inattention, underlying the higher frequency and severity of contraversive pushing after right brain lesions. This project was funded by a Special Doctoral Grant of the Fund for Scientific Research (F.W.O.) - Flanders, Belgium.
Overcoming a stigma: the lung cancer patient in the intensive care unit

Before embarking on a discussion of the lung cancer patient in intensive care, it is important to clarify that this editorial will not be referring to the group of patients with a good prognosis having undergone surgery with a curative intent, but to patients whose malignancies more or less determine the outcome in terms of survival time, and who are suffering from acute or subacute deterioration in the form of a complication resulting either from the underlying disease or tumour or from treatment-related sequelae. In such cases, most doctors' knowledge and experience will be confounded with those dark emotions that serve to sustain a misconception that is still associated with lung cancer patients, despite certain advances in treatment achieved through multimodal regimes and “new drugs”. As the technical possibilities of intensive medicine, including in particular the improvement of ventilation techniques with varying degrees of invasiveness, increase, it seems desirable to take a fresh look at the survival and prognostic factors in lung cancer patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit (ICU). Adam and Soubani 1 have taken up this challenge. Their results are reported in the present issue of the European Respiratory Journal . At first sight, the range of reasons leading to referral for intensive care appears quite familiar and unspectacular: first, pneumonia, followed by exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary oedema and haemoptysis. As with most studies of this kind 2, 3, the analysis is retrospective. However, that does not, by any means, detract from its evidential value, since the criteria on which referrals of critically ill patients with nonmalignant disease to intensive care have been based to date fail to do justice to lung cancer patients with their complex requirements 4, 5. As in other recent studies published in the field 2 …
Pancreas-sparing duodenectomy in duodenal pathology: indications and results.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Pancreas sparing-duodenectomy is an organ-preserving surgical procedure suitable for patients with premalignant or early malignant lesions of the duodenum. The surgical technique is challenging due to the close anatomical relationship between the pancreas and the duodenum. METHODOLOGY All patients undergoing pancreas-sparing duodenectomy for benign or premalignant condition of the duodenum operated on between 1998 and 2001 were analyzed prospectively. The surgical technique, the hospital course, and complications are described. RESULTS A total of four patients underwent pancreas sparing-duodenectomy. Two patients experienced an uncomplicated postoperative course. In one patient, after completing the pancreas sparing-duodenectomy, the operation was converted to a Whipple procedure after the intraoperative diagnosis of malignant disease in the fresh frozen section. One patient had a complicated postoperative course with postoperative pancreatitis requiring several reoperations. At follow-up all patients are well, free of recurrence and alive. CONCLUSIONS Pancreas-sparing duodenectomy is a challenging surgical technique and requires excellent knowledge of the anatomy. Intraoperative fresh-frozen section is mandatory to exclude malignant disease. If performed for appropriate indications, pancreas sparing-duodenectomy offers the potential to preserve the anatomical gastrointestinal passage and the integrity of the pancreas.
Trials Open Access Rationale, Design and Methodology of a Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study of Escitalopram in Prevention of Depression in Acute Coronary Syndrome (decard)

Background: The prevalence of depression in patients with acute coronary syndrome, i.e. myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is higher than in the general population. The prevalence of anxiety is higher as well. Both depression and anxiety are associated with poor cardiac outcomes and higher mortality. Comorbid depression in patients with acute coronary syndrome often goes undiagnosed, and it is therefore a challenging task to prevent this risk factor. The study of DEpression in Coronary ARtery Disease (DECARD) is designed to examine if it is possible to prevent depression in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
FSH regulates fat accumulation and redistribution in aging through the Gαi/Ca2+/CREB pathway

Increased fat mass and fat redistribution are commonly observed in aging populations worldwide. Although decreased circulating levels of sex hormones, androgens and oestrogens have been observed, the exact mechanism of fat accumulation and redistribution during aging remains obscure. In this study, the receptor of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), a gonadotropin that increases sharply and persistently with aging in both males and females, is functionally expressed in human and mouse fat tissues and adipocytes. Follicle‐stimulating hormone was found to promote lipid biosynthesis and lipid droplet formation; FSH could also alter the secretion of leptin and adiponectin, but not hyperplasia, in vitro and in vivo. The effects of FSH are mediated by FSH receptors coupled to the Gαi protein; as a result, Ca2+ influx is stimulated, cAMP‐response‐element‐binding protein is phosphorylated, and an array of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis is activated. The present findings depict the potential of FSH receptor‐mediated lipodystrophy of adipose tissues in aging. Our results also reveal the mechanism of fat accumulation and redistribution during aging of males and females.
The roles of allopatric divergence and natural selection in quantitative trait variation across a secondary contact zone in the lizard Anolis roquet

Populations of the Caribbean lizard, Anolis roquet, are thought to have experienced long periods of allopatry before recent secondary contact. To elucidate the effects of past allopatry on population divergence in A. roquet, we surveyed parallel transects across a secondary contact zone in northeastern Martinique. We used diagnostic molecular mitochondrial DNA markers to test fine‐scale association of mitochondrial DNA lineage and geological region, multivariate statistical techniques to explore quantitative trait pattern, and cline fitting techniques to model trait variation across the zone of secondary contact. We found that lineages were strongly associated with geological regions along both transects, but quantitative trait patterns were remarkably different. Patterns of morphological and mitochondrial DNA variation were consistent with a strong barrier to gene flow on the coast, whereas there were no indications of barriers to gene flow in the transitional forest. Hence, the coastal populations behaved as would be predicted by an allopatric model of divergence in this complex, while those in the transitional forest did not, despite the close proximity of the transects and their shared geological history. Patterns of geographical variation in this species complex, together with environmental data, suggest that on balance, selection regimes on either side of the secondary contact zone in the transitional forest may be more convergent, while those either side of the secondary contact zone on the coast are more divergent. Hence, the evolutionary consequences of allopatry may be strongly influenced by local natural selection regimes.
Prediction of Future Injury in Sport: Primary and Secondary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk and Return to Sport as a Model

Can we predict future events? Biostatisticians might answer with an unequivocal yes and state that logistic regression models do exactly that: they predict the relative risk of an outcome on the basis of logistic regression of multiple independent variables. If this is the case, then which approaches improve predictive capability? We are not attempting to predict individual events in individual athletes. However, certain approaches can improve predictive power. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(4):228-231. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017. 0603.
Rings and spirals in barred galaxies. II. Ring and spiral morphology.

In this series of papers, we propose a theory to explain the formation and properties of rings and spirals in barred galaxies. The building blocks of these structures are orbits guided by the manifolds emanating from the unstable Lagrangian points located near the ends of the bar. In this paper, we focus on a comparison of the morphology of observed and of theoretical spirals and rings and we also give some predictions for further comparisons. Our theory can account for spirals as well as both inner and outer rings. The model outer rings have the observed R 1 , R' 1 , R 2 , R' 2 and R 1 R 2 morphologies, including the dimples near the direction of the bar major axis. We explain why the vast majority of spirals in barred galaxies are two armed and trailing, and discuss what it would take for higher multiplicity arms to form. We show that the shapes of observed and theoretical spirals agree and we predict that stronger non-axisymmetric forcings at and somewhat beyond corotation will drive more open spirals. We compare the ratio of ring diameters in theory and in observations and predict that more elliptical rings will correspond to stronger forcings. We find that the model potential may influence strongly the numerical values of these ratios.
Forward and Backward time observables for quantum evolution and quantum stochastic processes-I: The time observables

Given a Hamiltonian $H$ on a Hilbert space $\mathcal H$ it is shown that, under the assumption that $\sigma(H)=\sigma_{ac}(H)=R^+$, there exist unique positive operators $T_F$ and $T_B$ registering the Schr\"odinger time evolution generated by $H$ in the forward (future) direction and backward (past) direction respectively. These operators may be considered as time observables for the quantum evolution. Moreover, it is shown that the same operators may serve as time observables in the construction of quantum stochastic differential equations and quantum stochastic processes in the framework of the Hudson-Parthasarathy quantum stochastic calculus. The basic mechanism enabling for the definition of the time observables originates from the recently developed semigroup decomposition formalism used in the description of the time evolution of resonances in quantum mechanical scattering problems.
Modeling Snow–Canopy Processes on an Idealized Mountain

AbstractSnow interception in a coniferous forest canopy is an important hydrological feature, producing complex mass and energy exchanges with the surrounding atmosphere and the snowpack below. Subcanopy snowpack accumulation and ablation depends on the effects of canopy architecture on meteorological conditions and on interception storage by stems, branches, and needles. Mountain forests are primarily composed of evergreen conifer species that retain their needles throughout the year and hence intercept snow efficiently during winter. Canopy-intercepted snow can melt, fall to the ground, and/or sublimate into the air masses above and within the canopy. To improve the understanding of snow–canopy interception processes and the associated influences on the snowpack below, a series of model experiments using a detailed, physically based snow–canopy and snowpack evolution model [Alpine Multiscale Numerical Distributed Simulation Engine (AMUNDSEN)] driven with observed meteorological forcing was conducted. A .
Incidence of hepatitis A in the United States in the era of vaccination.

CONTEXT In the United States, hepatitis A is a frequently reported vaccine-preventable disease. Vaccination has been recommended for persons at increased risk since 1996. In 1999, it was recommended that children living in 11 states with the highest incidence of hepatitis A be routinely vaccinated, and that children living in 6 additional states, with incidence above the national average, be considered for routine vaccination. OBJECTIVE To assess impact of the current vaccination strategy by evaluating trends in reported cases of hepatitis A since implementation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND CASES: A longitudinal analysis of characteristics of cases of hepatitis A reported in the United States since 1990 to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Incidence rates of reported cases of hepatitis A. Incidence rates in 2003 were compared with those for the prevaccination baseline period (1990-1997) overall and in the 17 states in which children should be routinely vaccinated or considered for routine vaccination (vaccinating states). Incidence rates in vaccinating states were also compared with those in the remaining states where there is no recommendation for statewide vaccination of children (nonvaccinating states). RESULTS Between the baseline period (1990-1997) and 2003, overall hepatitis A rates declined 76% to 2.6 per 100,000, significantly lower than previous nadirs in 1983 (9.2/100,000) and 1992 (9.1/ 100,000). The rate in vaccinating states declined 88% to 2.5 per 100,000 compared with 53% elsewhere (to 2.7/100 000). In 2003, cases from vaccinating states accounted for 33% of the national total vs 65% during the baseline period. Declines were greater among children aged 2 to 18 years (87%) than among persons older than age 18 years (69%); the proportion of cases in children dropped from 35% to 19%. Since 2001, rates in adults have been higher than among children, with the highest rates now among men aged 25 through 39 years. CONCLUSIONS Following implementation of routine hepatitis A vaccination of children, hepatitis A rates have declined to historic lows, accompanied by substantial changes in the epidemiologic profile. Greater decreases in the age groups and regions where routine vaccination of children is recommended likely reflect the results of implementation of this novel vaccination strategy. Continued monitoring is needed to verify that implementation continues to proceed and that low rates are sustained.
Rare Earth Element Behaviour During Evolution and Alteration of the Dartmoor Granite, SW England

The distribution of rare earth elements (REE) within the compositionally zoned Dartmoor pluton is used to constrain models of granite evolution and to assess the effects of pervasive hydrothermal alteration on REE mobility. The main process of magma evolution was crystal fractionation of early plagioclase, biotite, and accessory minerals (apatite, monazite, zircon, and xenotime). Concentrations of REE (particularly LREE and Eu) and other elements (Fe2O3t, MgO, CaO, TiO2, Zr, Ba, and Sr) decrease strongly with evolution of the pluton from 71 to 74% SiO2. These trends, and the inward zoning of the pluton, are compatible with differentiation by crystal fractionation at the level of emplacement, a process that gave rise to a marginal cumulate granite (CGM) modified by country rock assimilation, a body of inner granite (PM), and a late-stage evolved granite (FG) that intruded the earlier types. REE modelling of the Dartmoor granite types by fractional crystallization of REE-enriched accessory minerals from a parent PM-granite shows that the FG-granite cannot have formed from a residual liquid left by crystallizati on of the CGM-granite. Two discrete stages of crystallization occurred; side-wall cumulate CGM-granite crystallization dominated by LREE-enriched monazite fractionation followed by a late-stage mobile residual FG-granite in which fractionation was dominated by HREE-enriched apatite and zircon. Modelling supports the idea that largescale assimilation of country rock was not the dominant process during Dartmoor granite evolution. Pervasive hydrothermal alteration locally affected all Dartmoor granite types, altering primary plagioclase, biotite, apatite, monazite, and, to a lesser extent, zircon and xenotime. During pervasive sericitization, chloritization, and tourmalinization, REE were mobilized over distances of centimetres only and redistributed into the secondary alteration products seridte, chlorite, tourmaline, allanite, and sphene. Whole-rock REE abundances were not affected
Les Effets Non Lineaires De La Sante Sur La Croissance

This paper proves evidence for nonlinearities in the relationship between health and economic growth. Employing the data-sorting method of Hansen (2000), it is shown, based on a cross-section data of 83 countries, that health, considered as a stock then as a flow, is a threshold variable and a plausible source of multiple regimes. Furthermore, our estimates suggest that the impact of health on economic growth changes dramatically from one regime to another.
Fast Edge-Preserving PatchMatch for Large Displacement Optical Flow

The speed of optical flow algorithm is crucial for many video editing tasks such as slow motion synthesis, selection propagation, tone adjustment propagation, and so on. Variational coarse-to-fine optical flow algorithms can generally produce high-quality results but cannot fulfil the speed requirement of many practical applications. Besides, large motions in real-world videos also pose a difficult problem to coarse-to-fine variational approaches. We, in this paper, present a fast optical flow algorithm that can handle large displacement motions. Our algorithm is inspired by recent successes of local methods in visual correspondence searching as well as approximate nearest neighbor field algorithms. The main novelty is a fast randomized edge-preserving approximate nearest neighbor field algorithm, which propagates self-similarity patterns in addition to offsets. Experimental results on public optical flow benchmarks show that our method is significantly faster than state-of-the-art methods without compromising on quality, especially when scenes contain large motions. Finally, we show some demo applications by applying our technique into real-world video editing tasks.
2013 7th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare and Workshops Jmrj Assessment of Small Animals' Phobia Using Virtual Reality as Stimulus

Up to now, still images or videos of real animals have been used in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) protocols to evaluate brain activations associated to small animals' phobia. Our aim in the present work is to evaluate the use of virtual environments in this context, which will have the added benefit of allowing the subject to move and interact with the environment, giving the subject the illusion of being there. We have analyzed brain activation in a group of phobic people while they navigated in a virtual environment that included the small animals that are the object of their phobia. We have found activation mainly in the left occipital inferior lobe, related with enhanced visual attention to the phobic stimuli; and in the superior frontal gyrus, related with the feeling of self-awareness. In our opinion, these results demonstrate that virtual stimulus can enhance brain activations coherent with previous studies with still images, but in an environment closer to the real situation they would face in their daily lives.