Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Queue Analysis of Finite Buffer for Self-Similar Traffic in Three-node Cooperative Relay Wireless Networks

As a ubiquitous phenomenon in communication networks, the self-similar nature of network traffic has recently received great interests and been extensively studied. In this paper, assuming the buffering capability of the source node, through combining the traffic properties and channel characteristics, we analyze the queuing behaviors of self-similar traffic which is characterized by Fractional Brownian Motion (FBM) model, and derive the asymptotic closed-form expressions for the tail distribution of the stable queue length, traffic characteristics and transmission rate in three-node cooperative relay wireless networks. We further analyze the effects of different degrees of self-similarity for long-range dependence (LRD) traffic on the queue length, and compare the queuing performance by adopting different relay cooperative strategies including amply-and-forward (AF) protocol and decode-and-forward (DF) protocol. Finally, simulation results validate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis, and further, some useful conclusions are obtained, such as, effects of long-range dependent traffic on network performance are different under small and large buffer sizes and there exists a buffer turning point; queuing behaviors for AF and DF cooperative transmission protocols also perform opposite trends at low signal-to-noise ratios and high signal-to-noise ratios, etc.
Ieee Transactions on Signal Processing, Accepted for Publication on the Efficiency of Far-field Wireless Power Transfer

—Far-field wireless power transfer (WPT) is a promising technique to resolve the painstaking power-charging problem inherent in various wireless terminals. This paper investigates the power transfer efficiency of the WPT segment in future communication systems in support of simultaneous power and data transfer, by means of analytically computing the time-average output direct current (DC) power at user equipments (UEs). In order to investigate the effect of channel variety among UEs on the average output DC power, different policies for the scheduling of the power transfer among the users are implemented and compared in two scenarios: homogeneous, whereby users are symmetric and experience similar path loss, and heterogeneous, whereby users are asymmetric and exhibit different path losses. Specifically, if opportunistic scheduling is performed among N symmetric/asymmetric UEs, the power scaling laws are attained by using extreme value theory, and reveal that the gain in power transfer efficiency is ln N if UEs are symmetric whereas the gain is N if UEs are asymmetric, compared with that of conventional round-robin scheduling. Thus, the channel variety among UEs inherent to the wireless environment can be exploited by opportunistic scheduling to significantly improve the power transfer efficiency when designing future wireless communication systems in support of simultaneous power and data transfer. Index Terms—Extreme value theory, finite spatial coverage, multiuser scheduling, power transfer efficiency, simultaneous power and data receiver, wireless power transfer (WPT).
Who Gains from Child Labor ?

This paper develops a positive theory of the adoption of child labor restrictions (CLR). The key mechanism in our model is an interaction between parental decisions on family size and their preferences for CLR. While parents with few children have little to gain from child labor and are therefore likely to favor CLR, parents with many working children would be expected to oppose CLR. Fertility decisions, in turn, are affected by existing and expected child-labor policies. If policies are determined by majority voting, the interaction between fertility decisions and political preferences can lead to multiple steady states with different child-labor policies. A switch from no regulation to CLR is possible if a rising skill premium induces parents to choose smaller families, which over time creates a majority in favor of CLR. Consistent with this explanation, the introduction of CLR in the U.K. followed a period of rising wage inequality, and coincided with rapidly declining fertility and rising education levels. Preliminary and incomplete. We thank Kjetil Storesletten, Torsten Persson, and seminar participants at Université catholique de Louvain, UCLA, and the SED Annual Meeting in New York for helpful comments. Doepke: Department of Economics, UCLA, Box 951444, Los Angeles, CA 90095. E-mail address: doepke@econ.ucla. edu. Zilibotti: IIES, Stockholm University, University of Southhampton and CEPR. E-mail: Fabrizio.Zilibotti@iies.su. se.
Global Genome Response of Escherichia coli O157∶H7 Sakai during Dynamic Changes in Growth Kinetics Induced by an Abrupt Temperature Downshift

Escherichia coli O157∶H7 is a mesophilic food-borne pathogen. We investigated the growth kinetics of E. coli O157∶H7 Sakai during an abrupt temperature downshift from 35°C to either 20°C, 17°C, 14°C or 10°C; as well as the molecular mechanisms enabling growth after cold stress upon an abrupt downshift from 35°C to 14°C in an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. All downshifts caused a lag period of growth before growth resumed at a rate typical of the post-shift temperature. Lag and generation time increased with the magnitude of the shift or with the final temperature, while relative lag time displayed little variation across the test range. Analysis of time-dependent molecular changes revealed, in keeping with a decreased growth rate at lower temperature, repression of genes and proteins involved in DNA replication, protein synthesis and carbohydrate catabolism. Consistent with cold-induced remodelling of the bacterial cell envelope, alterations occurred in the expression of genes and proteins involved in transport and binding. The RpoS regulon exhibited sustained induction confirming its importance in adaptation and growth at 14°C. The RpoE regulon was transiently induced, indicating a potential role for this extracytoplasmic stress response system in the early phase of low temperature adaptation during lag phase. Interestingly, genes previously reported to be amongst the most highly up-regulated under oxidative stress were consistently down-regulated. This comprehensive analysis provides insight into the molecular mechanisms operating during adaptation of E. coli to growth at low temperature and is relevant to its physiological state during chilling in foods, such as carcasses.
Resonant activation: a strategy against bacterial persistence

A bacterial colony may develop a small number of cells genetically identical to, but phenotypically different from, other normally growing bacteria. These so-called persister cells keep themselves in a dormant state and thus are insensitive to antibiotic treatment, resulting in serious problems of drug resistance. In this paper, we proposed a novel strategy to ‘kill’ persister cells by triggering them to switch, in a fast and synchronized way, into normally growing cells that are susceptible to antibiotics. The strategy is based on resonant activation (RA), a well-studied phenomenon in physics where the internal noise of a system can constructively facilitate fast and synchronized barrier crossings. Through stochastic Gilliespie simulation with a generic toggle switch model, we demonstrated that RA exists in the phenotypic switching of a single bacterium. Further, by coupling single cell level and population level simulations, we showed that with RA, one can greatly reduce the time and total amount of antibiotics needed to sterilize a bacterial population. We suggest that resonant activation is a general phenomenon in phenotypic transition, and can find other applications such as cancer therapy.
Oral health status of children aged 6-12 years from the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve.

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the oral health status of children aged 6-12 years old living in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve. METHODS The entire population of 6-12-year-olds living in the Reserve was targeted. A cross-sectional study consisting of dental examinations based on World Health Organization (WHO) 1997 criteria was performed in 2011. Dental caries, periodontal (gingival) health, oral hygiene, orthodontic status, and dental fluorosis were assessed at the children? s schools by one examiner. RESULTS A total of 595 children were examined. The overall mean DMFT was 2.01 (range 0-13) and 32.9% of children had caries-free permanent teeth. The mean DMFT for 12-year-olds was 2.46. Gingival bleeding was found in 32.8% of the children and oral hygiene worsened with age. Only 8% of 12-year-olds were free of dental plaque. There was a low need for orthodontic treatment (89% of children were Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need grade 1 or 2) and only 2% had any noticeable fluorosis. CONCLUSIONS The oral health status of children living in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve can be classified as quite poor, especially due to the low number of caries-free children and the high prevalence of children with gingival bleeding and poor or fair oral hygiene. Malocclusion and fluorosis do not appear to be public health problems for this population. Considering the poor economic development of the region, with bad access to dental services, special health education programmes are necessary in order to reach the WHO oral health goals for 2020.
Corroborating Text Evaluation Results with Heterogeneous Measures

Automatically produced texts (e.g. translations or summaries) are usually evaluated with n-gram based measures such as BLEU or ROUGE, while the wide set of more sophisticated measures that have been proposed in the last years remains largely ignored for practical purposes. In this paper we first present an in-depth analysis of the state of the art in order to clarify this issue. After this, we formalize and verify empirically a set of properties that every text evaluation measure based on similarity to human-produced references satisfies. These properties imply that corroborating system improvements with additional measures always increases the overall reliability of the evaluation process. In addition, the greater the heterogeneity of the measures (which is measurable) the higher their combined reliability. These results support the use of heterogeneous measures in order to consolidate text evaluation results.
Monopoles in the Higgs Phase

We describe new solutions of Yang-Mills-Higgs theories consisting of magnetic monopoles in a phase with fully broken gauge symmetry. Rather than spreading out radially, the magnetic field lines form flux tubes. The solution is topologically stable and, when embedded in N = 2 SQCD, preserves 1/4 of the supercharges. From the perspective of the flux-tube the monopole appears as a kink. Many monopoles may be threaded onto a single flux tube and placed at arbitrary separation to create a stable, BPS necklace of solitons.
The relationship between thyroid status and neuropsychological performance in psychiatric outpatients maintained on lithium

Although lithium is a mainstay in the treatment of mood disorders, its use is often accompanied by neuropsychological side effects that may contribute to a high rate of medication noncompliance. These deficits, including subjectively slowed information-processing speed, a sense of lethargy, and memory disturbance, are similar to those seen in patients with hypothyroidism, whether overt or subclinical. This comparison is relevant because lithium is a potent antithyroid drug, and it has been hypothesized that at least some of the neuropsychological deficits caused by lithium are attributable to its antithyroid properties. As a preliminary test of this hypothesis, the neuropsychological functioning of 16 psychiatric outpatients taking lithium, eight of whom were determined to be subclinically hypothyroid and eight of whom were euthyroid, was assessed. Subclinically hypothyroid patients were found to perform significantly worse on measures of verbal learning and memory than their euthyroid counterparts. Performance on these measures was more highly correlated with thyrotropin levels than with serum lithium levels. These preliminary results are consistent with the hypothesis that some deficits are caused by lithium and may have implications for the treatment of lithium's neuropsychological side effects.
Learner Satisfaction in Marketing Simulation Games

Simulation games have become widespread in business courses, yet the understanding of their learning effects remains limited. The effectiveness of using simulation in marketing classes is not uniform, and not all students welcome it to the same extent. Drawing on a survey among 173 students engaged in a simulation game as part of a course in a 2-year business graduate program, we employ “expectation–confirmation theory” and the “unified theory of acceptance and use of technology” to develop a model to investigate the relation between Learner Satisfaction and Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy with a marketing simulation game. In addition, we examine the influence of Age, Gender, Course Type, Course Stage, and Recalled Performance. We report that Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy drive Learner Satisfaction. We also find Recalled Performance of students to be related to Learner Satisfaction. We discuss the implications of our results for the use of marketing simulation games in business programs in relation to experiential learning theory linking Learner Satisfaction to learning outcomes. In light of our results, instructors can affect the learning experience from simulation games by acting on Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy as antecedents of Learner Satisfaction.
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE *

By developing a Ricardian trade model that features technology transfer via foreign direct investment (FDI), we show that technology transfer via multinational enterprises (MNEs) increases world output and trade in goods and services. When there are many goods a continuous reduction in the cost of technology transfer will cause increasingly more technologically advanced goods to go through the product cycle, i.e., goods initially produced in the advanced North are later produced in the backward South as a result of increased technology transfer via MNEs.
Selecting Heavily Covered Points

A collection of geometric selection lemmas is proved, such as the following: For any set $P$ of $n$ points in three-dimensional space and any set ${\cal S}$ of $m$ spheres, where each sphere passes through a distinct point pair in $P$, there exists a point $x$, not necessarily in $P$, that is enclosed by $\Omega (m^2/(n^2 \log^6 {n^2 \over m}))$ of the spheres in ${\cal S}$. Similar results apply in arbitrary fixed dimensions, and for geometric bodies other than spheres. The results have applications in reducing the size of geometric structures, such as three-dimensional Delaunay triangulations and Gabriel graphs, by adding extra points to their defining sets.
Update on the development of lurasidone as a treatment for patients with acute schizophrenia

Lurasidone is a novel benzisothiazole antipsychotic drug for the treatment of schizophrenia. Of the antipsychotic drugs, lurasidone has the highest affinity for the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)7 receptor. Lurasidone also has high affinities for the dopamine D2, 5HT2A, 5-HT1A and α2C adrenergic receptors. Moreover, lurasidone has low affinities for the α1 adrenergic, histamine H1 and muscarinic M1 receptors. The involvement of 5-HT7 receptors in cognitive processes has been suggested by both pharmacological and molecular investigations. Chronic treatment with lurasidone increases neurotrophin BDNF mRNA levels in both the hippocampus (ventral and dorsal) and prefrontal cortex under basal conditions or in response to an acute swim stress. Lurasidone may potentiate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function through antagonistic action on 5-HT7 receptors without a direct affinity for NMDARs. These results suggest that lurasidone treatment may be a novel approach for the prevention of the development of cognitive impairment in individuals who are at risk for schizophrenia or related disorders involving cognitive impairment. In clinical trials, treatment with lurasidone was associated with significantly greater endpoint improvement versus placebo on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score after 6 weeks among subjects receiving 80 or 160 mg. The most frequent side effects of lurasidone were akathisia, nausea, parkinsonism, dizziness and somnolence. Once-daily treatment with lurasidone at 160 mg was superior to placebo based on the composite cognitive functioning measure. Lurasidone treatment produced improvements in Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale scores at 6 weeks that were significantly greater than placebo. A limitation of this review is that the majority of the data were obtained from abstracts and posters. These sources have not been subjected to the peer review processes of medical journals; thus, the results presented in these forums may require further quality review and subsequent revision prior to final publication.
Signal transduction by glycophorin A: role of extracellular and cytoplasmic domains in a modulatable process

Binding of ligands to the extracellular region of the erythrocyte transmembrane protein glycophorin A induces a decrease in membrane deformability. Since the property of membrane deformability is regulated by the skeletal proteins on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, this suggests that ligand binding may initiate a transmembrane signal. To further study this process, we examined which domains of the extracellular region of glycophorin are involved in signal transduction and whether the cytoplasmic domain of the molecule is necessary for transmitting the signal. Using the ektacytometer, we compared the effect on deformability of four monoclonal antibodies that detect different epitopes on glycophorin A. We found that 9A3 (which recognized the amino terminus of glycophorin) caused a 5.8-fold increase in rigidity, R-10 and 10F7 (which recognized epitopes in the mid-region of the extracellular domain) caused a 10.8-fold increase in rigidity and B14 (which binds to glycophorin close to the membrane) caused a 18-fold increase in rigidity. Further, a direct relationship was observed between the degree of antibody-induced rigidity and the amount of glycophorin A that became associated with the skeletal proteins in a Triton shell assay. In Miltenberger V erythrocytes, which contain a hybrid sialoglycoprotein with no cytoplasmic domain, antibody binding did not induce an increase in rigidity. These results imply that glycophorin A is capable of a modulatable form of transmembrane signaling that is determined by the extracellular domain to which the ligand binds, and the cytoplasmic domain of glycophorin A is crucial for this process.
Identification and Analysis of Peer-to-Peer Traffic

Recent measurement studies report that a significant portion of Internet traffic is unknown. It is very likely that the majority of the unidentified traffic originates from peer-to-peer (P2P) applications. However, traditional techniques to identify P2P traffic seem to fail since these applications usually disguise their existence by using arbitrary ports. In addition to the identification of actual P2P traffic, the characteristics of that type of traffic are also scarcely known. The main purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we propose a novel identification method to reveal P2P traffic from traffic aggregation. Our method does not rely on packet payload so we avoid the difficulties arising from legal, privacy-related, financial and technical obstacles. Instead, our method is based on a set of heuristics derived from the robust properties of P2P traffic. We demonstrate our method with current traffic data obtained from one of the largest Internet providers in Hungary. We also show the high accuracy of the proposed algorithm by means of a validation study. Second, several results of a comprehensive traffic analysis study are reported in the paper. We show the daily behavior of P2P users compared to the non-P2P users. We present our important finding about the almost constant ratio of the P2P and total number of users. Flow sizes and holding times are also analyzed and results of a heavy-tail analysis are described. Finally, we discuss the popularity distribution properties of P2P applications. Our results show that the unique properties of P2P application traffic seem to fade away during aggregation and characteristics of the traffic will be similar to that of other non-P2P traffic aggregation.
Secure Multiparty Computation 4.1.1 Overview of Dining Cryptographers (dc) Problem . . . . . . . . . . . 41 List of Figures

Ray Kresman, Advisor Data mining algorithms help reveal hidden information in a repository. Distributed mining algorithms meet this need by distributing data and computation. One of the most important issues of these algorithms is how to safely mine the data. Secure Multiparty Computation (SMC), a framework for safe mining of distributed data, provides some security promises of the computation. This thesis addresses certain aspects of SMC including the role of Hamiltonian and edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles. We formalize the notion of trust in a network and show that certain network configurations are better than others. We propose and analyze an algorithm for id assignment in networks that outperforms an existing algorithm.
On the relative importance of the hot stove effect and the tendency to rely on small samples

Experiments have suggested that decisions from experience differ from decisions from description. In experience-based decisions, the decision makers often fail to maximise their payoffs. Previous authors have ascribed the effect of underweighting of rare outcomes to this deviation from maximisation. In this paper, I re-examine and provide further analysis on the effect with an experiment that involves a series of simple binary choice gambles. In the current experiment, decisions that bear small consequences are repeated hundreds of times, feedback on the consequence of each decision is provided immediately, and decision outcomes are accumulated. The participants have to learn about the outcome distributions through sampling, as they are not explicitly provided with prior information on the payoff structure. The current results suggest that the “hot stove effect” is stronger than suggested by previous research and is as important as the payoff variability effect and the effect of underweighting of rare outcomes in analysing decisions from experience in which the features of gambles must be learned through a sampling process.
A Model of Blood Flow in a Circulation Network

We study a mathematical model of a blood circulation network which is a generalization of the coronary model proposed by Smith, Pullan and Hunter. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the initial-boundary value problem and discuss the continuity of dependence of the solution and its derivatives on initial, boundary and forcing functions and their derivatives.
Performance Measures on a Customer Retrial Calls in Telephone Networks by Using

Without using any approximation to find the Monte Carlo method was proposed to investigate the effects of customer retrial phenomenon caused by busy channels in telephone networks for performance measures. The blocking probability, the queueing length, and the waiting time were examined for several cases with different arrival and services rates. Through simulations, they showed that the values of the queueing length and waiting time would be strongly influenced by the variation of the arrival rate. Furthermore, the blocking probabilities are enhanced when the retrial phenomenon is in account compared with Erlang B formula. This simulator based on Monte Carlo method shows that it can be used as a performance measure of telephone networks.