Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post-Training Dephosphorylation of eEF-2 Promotes Protein Synthesis for Memory Consolidation

Memory consolidation, which converts acquired information into long-term storage, is new protein synthesis-dependent. As protein synthesis is a dynamic process that is under the control of multiple translational mechanisms, however, it is still elusive how these mechanisms are recruited in response to learning for memory consolidation. Here we found that eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF-2) was dramatically dephosphorylated within 0.5–2 hr in the hippocampus and amygdala of mice following training in a fear-conditioning test, whereas genome-wide microarrays did not reveal any significant change in the expression level of the mRNAs for translational machineries or their related molecules. Moreover, blockade of NMDA receptors with MK-801 immediately following the training significantly impeded both the post-training eEF-2 dephosphorylation and memory retention. Notably, with an elegant sophisticated transgenic strategy, we demonstrated that hippocampus-specific overexpression of eEF-2 kinase, a kinase that specifically phosphorylates and hence inactivates eEF-2, significantly inhibited protein synthesis in the hippocampus, and this effects was more robust during an “ongoing” protein synthesis process. As a result, late phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP) in the hippocampus and long-term hippocampus-dependent memory in the mice were significantly impaired, whereas short-term memory and long-term hippocampus-independent memory remained intact. These results reveal a novel translational underpinning for protein synthesis pertinent to memory consolidation in the mammalian brain.
Making Sense of Entities and Quantities in Web Tables

HTML tables and spreadsheets on the Internet or in enterprise intranets often contain valuable information, but are created ad-hoc. As a result, they usually lack systematic names for column headers and clear vocabulary for cell values. This limits the re-use of such tables and creates a huge heterogeneity problem when comparing or aggregating multiple tables. This paper aims to overcome this problem by automatically canonicalizing header names and cell values onto concepts, classes, entities and uniquely represented quantities registered in a knowledge base. To this end, we devise a probabilistic graphical model that captures coherence dependencies between cells in tables and candidate items in the space of concepts, entities and quantities. We give specific consideration to quantities which are mapped into a "measure, value, unit" triple over a taxonomy of physical (e.g. power consumption), monetary (e.g. revenue), temporal (e.g. date) and dimensionless (e.g. counts) measures. Our experiments with Web tables from diverse domains demonstrate the viability of our method and its benefits over baselines.
The effects of science, technology, society and environment (STSE) education on students' career planning

The leakages in secondary level education brought forward the necessity to restructure the educational system so as to address the social and individual needs and meet the requirements of Turkey; therefore, a "reformation" study became an obligation. The formal education in Turkey starts at the age of 6, when the individual is shaped within the system. Determination of the characteristics of an ideal future citizen of a country should be apprehended at all levels of education and individuals should attain these appreciated characteristics. The reformed science education programs in Turkey aim to guide the individuals to be scientifically and technologically literate. Through enabling an individual, who is in a technological media, to attain the required knowledge, skills and attitudes, the individual should have the "science and technology literacy and creative thinking" skills. Individuals should recognize the technological environment they live in as well as the dimensions and facilities of technology, and should be aware of the fact that they could make use of these opportunities. In the light of this aim, this study involves the teaching of "separating mixtures" to 9th grade students in relation with science, technology, society and environment and the examination of its possible effects on students' achievement as well as their career choices. The Chemistry Achievement Test and the Career Choice Questionnaire were administered as pre- and post-test to serve as data collection tools. The study concluded that chemistry education in relation with science, technology, society and environment would lead students to choosing different fields for their future careers by changing their perspectives towards science. A significant increase in students' chemistry achievement levels was also observed.
Detecting Sunyaev-Zel'dovich clusters with Planck - I. Construction of all-sky thermal and kinetic SZ maps

All-sky thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) maps are presented for assessing how well the Planck mission can find and characterize clusters of galaxies, especially in the presence of primary anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and various Galactic and ecliptic foregrounds. The maps have been constructed from numerical simulations of structure formation in a standardcold dark matter (� CDM) cosmology and contain all clusters out to redshifts of z = 1.46 with masses exceeding 5 × 10 13 Mh −1 . By construction, the maps properly account for the evolution of cosmic structure, the halo-halo correlation function, the evolving mass function, halo substructure and adiabatic gas physics. The velocities in the kinetic map correspond to the actual density environment at the cluster positions. We characterize the SZ-cluster sample by measuring the distribution of angular sizes, the integrated thermal and kinetic Comptonizations, the source counts in the three relevant Planck channels, and give the angular power spectra of the SZ sky. While our results are broadly consistent with simple estimates based on scaling relations and spherically symmetric cluster models, some significant differences are seen which may affect the number of cluster detectable by Planck.
Global Intrinsic Symmetries of Shapes

Although considerable attention in recent years has been given to the problem of symmetry detection in general shapes, few methods have been developed that aim to detect and quantify the intrinsic symmetry of a shape rather than its extrinsic, or pose‐dependent symmetry. In this paper, we present a novel approach for efficiently computing symmetries of a shape which are invariant up to isometry preserving transformations. We show that the intrinsic symmetries of a shape are transformed into the Euclidean symmetries in the signature space defined by the eigenfunctions of the Laplace‐Beltrami operator. Based on this observation, we devise an algorithm which detects and computes the isometric mappings from the shape onto itself. We show that our approach is both computationally efficient and robust with respect to small non‐isometric deformations, even if they include topological changes.
Constraining the solutions of an inverse method of stellar population synthesis

In three previous papers (Pelat 1997, MNRAS, 284, 365; Pelat 1998, MNRAS, 299, 877; Moultaka & Pelat 2000, MNRAS, 314, 409), we set out an inverse stellar population synthesis method that uses a database of stellar spectra. Unlike other methods, this one provides full knowledge of all possible solutions as well as a good estimation of their stability; moreover, it provides the unique approximate solution, when the problem is overdetermined, using a rigorous minimization procedure. In Boisson et al. (2000, A&A, 357, 850), this method was applied to 10 active and 2 normal galaxies. In this paper we analyse the results of the method after constraining the solutions. Adding a priori physical conditions to the solutions constitutes a good way to regularize the synthesis problem. As an illustration we introduce physical constraints on the relative number of stars taking into account our present knowledge of the initial mass function in galaxies. To avoid biases on the solutions due to such constraints, we use constraints involving only inequalities between the number of stars, after dividing the H-R diagram into various groups of stellar masses. We discuss the results for a well-known globular cluster of the galaxy M 31 and discuss some of the galaxies studied in Boisson et al. (2000, A&A, 357, 850). We find that, given the spectral resolution and the spectral domain, the method is very stable according to such constraints (i.e. the constrained solutions are almost the same as the unconstrained one). However, additional information can be derived about the evolutionary stage of the last burst of star formation, but the precise age of this particular burst seems to be questionable.
Value at Risk of Life Insurance Policy Reserves

We estimate the value at risk (VaR) of life insurance policy reserves in this paper. Since the market price of reserves does not exist, we construct a simulation model considering mortality rate risk, interest rate risk, surrender rate risk, and parameter estimation risks to estimate the VaR. Simulation results show that the VaR from mortality rate risk is small but interest rate risk as well as the parameter estimation risk of interest rate model significantly enlarges the VaR. On the other hand, surrender rate risk reduces reserve VaR. With regard to individual products, annuity and whole life insurance have the largest VaRs, followed by pure endowment and endowment. Term life insurance has the smallest one. Keywords: Value at risk; Policy reserves; Life insurance
On the issue of combining anaphoricity determination and antecedent identification in anaphora resolution

We propose a machine learning-based approach to noun phrase anaphora resolution that combines the advantages of previous learning-based models while overcoming their drawbacks. Our anaphora resolution process reverses the order of the steps in the classification-and-search model proposed by Ng and Cardie, but inherits all the advantages of that model. We conducted experiments on resolving noun phrase anaphora in Japanese. The results show that with the classification-and-search based modifications, our proposed model outperforms earlier learning-based approaches.
High quality in vitro expansion of human endothelial progenitor cells of human umbilical vein origin

The limited availability of qualified endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is a major challenge for regenerative medicine. In the present study, we isolated human EPCs from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by using magnetic micro-beads coated with an antibody against human CD34. Flow cytometric assay showed that majority of these cells expressed VEGFR2 (KDR), CD34 and CD133, three molecular markers for early EPCs. It was also found that a bioreactor micro-carrier cell culture system (bio-MCCS) was superior to dish culture for in vitro expansion of EPCs. It expanded more EPCs which were in the early stage, as shown by the expression of characteristic molecular markers and had better angiogenic potential, as shown by matrix-gel based in vitro angiogenesis assay. These results suggest that HUVECs might be a novel promising resource of EPCs for regenerative medicine and that a bio-MCCS cell culture system might be broadly used for in vitro expansion of EPCs.
Image Denoising And Enhancement Using Multiwavelet With Hard Threshold In Digital Mammographic Images

Breast cancer continues to be a significant public health problem in the world.The diagnosing mammography method is the most effective technology for early detection of the breast cancer. However, in some cases, it is difficult for radiologists to detect the typical diagnostic signs, such as masses and microcalcifications on the mammograms . Dense region in digital mammographic images are usually noisy and have low contrast . And their visual screening is difficult to view for physicians. This paper describes a new multiwavelet methodfor noise suppression and enhancement in digital mammographic images. Initially the image is pre-processed to improve its local contrast and discriminations of subtle details.Image suppression and edge enhancement are performed based on the multiwavelet transform. At each resolution, coefficient associated with the noise is modelled and generalized by laplacian random variables. Multiwavel et can satisfy both symmetry and asymmetry which are very important characteristics in Digital image processing. The better denoising result depends on the degree of the noise, generally its energy distributed over low frequency band while both its noise and details are distributed over high frequency band and also applied hard threshold in different scale of frequency sub -bands to limit the image. This paper is proposed to indicat e the suitability of different wavelets and multiwavelet on the neighbourhood in the performance of image denoising algorithms in terms of PSNR. Finally it compares the wavelet and multiwavelet techniques to produce the best denoised mammographic image using efficient multiwavelet algorithm with hard threshold based on the performance of image denoising algorithm in terms of PSNR values.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERMINTAAN TENAGA LISTRIK KONSUMEN RUMAH TANGGA SEDANG PT PERUSAHAAN LISTRIK NEGARA (PERSERO)

This research is analysis of electricity demand, and focus for medium recidence sector in PT Perusahaan listrik Negara (Persero) or PT PLN (Persero). Dependent variable is demand electricity or kWh sales, and independent variable consist of install capacity, average tariff, and rate of capacity using percustomers. Step of research and process result based on SPSS calculation, and use cross section data on January 2010. Obtain result that install capacity and rate of capacity using percustomers has given positif impact, and average tariff has given negative impact. Install capacity and average tariff variable has significant influence to electricity demand of medium recidence sector, but rate of capacity using percustomers has not significant influence to electricity demand of medium recidence sector. PLN’s management has to observe growth of explanatory variable to make policy for demand and supply equilibrium and toward customers satisfaction. Key word : Electricity demand , Strategy Management, and Microeconomic
Parliamentary Party Groups in European Democracies : Political Parties Behind Closed Doors

Introduction: representative democracy and parliamentary party groups Knut Heidar and Ruud Koole Chapter 1. Approaches to the study of parliamentary party groups Knut Heidar and Ruud Koole Chapter 2. Bureaucratisation, co-ordination and competition: parliamentary party groups in the German Bundestag Thomas Saalfeld Chapter 3. The United Kingdom: exerting influence from within Philip Norton Chapter 4. Parliamentary parties in the French fifth republic Jean-Louis Thiebault and Bernard Dolez Chapter 5. Not yet the locus of power: parliamentary party groups in Austria Wolfgang C. Muller and Barbara Steininger Chapter 6. Fractiocracy? Limits to the ascendancy of the parliamentary party group in Dutch politics Chapter 7. PPGs in Belgium: subjects of partititocratic dominion Lieven de Winter and Patrick Dumont Chapter 8. A power centre in Danish politics Lars Bille Chapter 9. Parliamentary party groups in the Swedish Riksdag Magnus Hagevi Chapter 10. The partyness of the Finnish Eduskunta Matti Wiberg Chapter 11. The limits of whips and watchdogs in the Czech Republic Petr Kopecky Chapter 12. Parliamentary party groups in Slovakia Darina Malova and Kevin Deegan Krause Chapter 13. Parties and parliamentary party groups in the making: Hungary 1989-1997 Gabriella Ilonszki Chapter 14. Second-rate parties? Towards a better understanding of the European parliament's party groups Tapio Raunio Chapter 15. Parliamentary party groups compared Knut Heidar and Ruud Koole
Preventing cancer by disrupting progression of precancerous lesions.

In this issue of the Journal, Correa et al. (1) provide results from the first reported randomized intervention trial of the effects of anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment and of vitamin supplementation on precancerous lesions of the stomach. The findings are encouraging, with evidence that therapy for H. pylori and supplementation with -carotene or vitamin C may help limit progression and enhance regression of conditions believed to be in the pathway of gastric cancer. Randomized clinical trials provide one of the most scientifically rigorous approaches to evaluate potential inhibitors of cancer. Trials directly evaluating cancer as an outcome require large numbers of persons to be followed, often for many years. In some circumstances, an effective alternative is a smaller, shorter term trial focusing on the carcinogenic process leading to the onset of clinically detectable cancer. Correa et al. followed this strategy in Colombia in an area where gastric cancer rates are high and precancerous lesions of the stomach are fairly common. By studying the effects of interventions on the progression/ regression of these common lesions, information can be obtained on whether intervening may inhibit the early changes leading to cancer. The inherent assumption in such a study is that the carcinogenic process does, in fact, involve a transition from normal epithelium through advancing precancerous lesions. Such a process may exist for a number of cancers, although evidence for most forms of cancer is scanty. For stomach cancer (especially the common intestinal type), however, epidemiologic and pathologic studies have documented that a series of transitions typically are involved (2). In most cases, particularly in high-risk areas, a sequence of events occurs whereby normal gastric mu-
Movements in the Equity Premium

REAL BOND RATES increased sharply in the early 1980s and have remained high since. Even today, in the midst of a world recession and low U.S. and Japanese short real rates, long real rates throughout the world remain unusually high. Pessimists trace the high rates to a decrease in the supply of capital. They point to the long string of fiscal deficits and to the decline in household saving and warn of the disappearance of thrift. Optimists trace the high rates to an increase in the demand for capital and point to the high profit opportunities unleashed by the conservative revolutions of the 1980s. These factors have surely played a role. But there is more at work, for consider the following fact: while expected real rates on bonds have indeed been high for more than a decade, expected real rates of return on stocks appear, if anything, to have declined slightly. This suggests that the focus should not only be on the increase in bond rates, but also on the simultaneous increase in bond rates and decrease in equity rates: on the decrease in the equity premium. This is the focus of this paper. In the first section, I construct expected real rates on shortand medium-term bonds for a number of OECD countries from 1978 on, using commercial forecasts of inflation available at the time. I stop short of constructing expected real rates of return on stocks, but by looking at the underlying components, I argue that the 1980s were indeed associated with a sharp decrease in the equity premium.
Unstable Politics

What explains variations in electoral volatility? The authors argue that fiscal space—availability of financial resources to enact policy initiatives and provide public programs—possessed by governments can explain the level of electoral volatility. Where governments have fiscal space, citizens reward incumbent parties with their continued support. But when fiscal space is constrained, the incumbent government's ability to provide state resources is drastically reduced. Citizens are therefore less likely to reward the party at the polls and are available to opposition politicians and alternative appeals. Vote-switching ensues, and the incumbent government is voted out of the office. The authors test this argument and others in the existing literature on electoral returns from state assembly elections across 15 major Indian states from 1967 to 2004. The results support the argument that fiscal space influences electoral volatility.
Representing things and properties in conceptual modelling: an empirical evaluation

The representation of things and properties is a fundamental issue in conceptual modelling. Important theoretical issues surrounding the representation of things and properties remain unresolved. For example, proponents of object-role modelling argue that there should be no distinction between things and properties, while proponents of entity-relationship modelling argue that the distinction is important but provide ambiguous guidelines about how the distinction should be made. In this paper, we use ontological theory to support our arguments about how things and properties should be represented. We describe an experiment that we undertook to test whether an ontologically sound representation of things and properties enabled users to better understand a domain than two other alternative, widely used representations. Our results provide evidence to support the use of ontologically sound representations of things and properties in conceptual modelling.
Fiscal governance in Europe

This book presents a theoretical framework to discuss how governments coordinate budgeting decisions. There are two modes of fiscal governance conducive to greater fiscal discipline, a mode of delegation and a mode of contracts. These modes contrast with a fiefdom form of governance, in which the decision-making process is decentralized. An important insight is that the effectiveness of a given form of fiscal governance depends crucially upon the underlying political system. Delegation functions well when there are few, or no, ideological differences among government parties, whereas contracts are effective when there are many such differences. Empirically, delegation and contract states perform better than fiefdom states if they match the underlying political system. Additional chapters consider why countries have the fiscal institutions that they do, fiscal governance in Central and Eastern Europe, and the role of such institutions in the European Union.
Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on Microbiological Shelf-Life and Quality of Fruits Pretreated with Ascorbic Acid or SnCl2

In the current study, the processing conditions required for the inactivation of Paenibacillus polymyxa and relevant spoilage microorganisms by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment on apricot, peach, and pear pieces in sucrose (22°Brix) solution were assessed. Accordingly, the shelf-life was determined by evaluating both the microbiological quality and the sensory characteristics (taste, odor, color, and texture) during refrigerated storage after HHP treatment. The microbiological shelf-life of apricots, peaches, and pears was prolonged in the HHP-treated products in comparison with the untreated ones. In all HHP-treated packages for apricots, peaches, and pears, all populations were below the detection limit of the method (1 log CFU/g) and no growth of microorganisms was observed until the end of storage. Overall, no differences of the L*, a*, or b* value among the untreated and the HHP-treated fruit products were observed up to the time at which the unpressurized product was characterized as spoiled. HHP treatment had no remarkable effect on the firmness of the apricots, peaches, and pears. With regard to the sensory assessment, the panelists marked better scores to HHP-treated products compared to their respective controls, according to taste and total evaluation during storage of fruit products.