Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous transurethral resection of bladder cancer and prostate may reduce recurrence rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the recurrence rate of simultaneous transurethral resection of bladder cancer and prostate (TURBT+TURP) in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE and the ISI Web of Knowledge databases from their establishment until March 2012, to collect all the original studies on TURBT+TURP vs. TURBT alone in the treatment of NMIBC with BPH. After screening the literature, methodological quality assessment and data extraction was conducted independently by two reviewers and meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.1 software. The quality of data was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Eight studies, including seven non-randomized concurrent controlled trials (NRCCTs) and one randomized controlled trial (RCT), involving a total of 1,372 patients met the criteria. Meta-analyses of NRCCTs showed that in the TURBT+TURP group, overall recurrence rates were lower [odds ratio (OR), 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60–0.96; P=0.02] and the difference was statistically significant. The postoperative recurrence rate in the prostatic fossa/bladder neck (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.64–1.45; P=0.86) and bladder tumor progression rates (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.49–1.87; P=0.91) were similar between the TURBT+TURP and TURBT groups, but the difference was not significant. According to the GRADE approach, the level of evidence was moderate or low. Only one RCT demonstrated that overall postoperative tumor recurrence rates, recurrence rates at prostate fossa/bladder neck and bladder tumor progression rates between simultaneous groups and control groups were almost equal. There was no significant difference (P>0.05), and the level of evidence was moderate. For patients with NMIBC and BPH, simultaneous resection did not increase the overall recurrence rate of bladder tumors, it also did not cause metastasis and tumor progression, but it may reduce the recurrence rate. However, due to the low quality of investigations included in the present study, careful selection was necessary, and more large-scale and high-quality randomized controlled trials are also required for further confirmation.
Levels of Phonological Abstraction and Knowledge of Socially Motivated Speech- Sound Variation: A Review, a Proposal, and a Commentary on the Papers by Clopper, Pierrehumbert, and Tamati; Drager; Foulkes; Mack; and Smith, Hall, and Munson

One central goal in the laboratory phonology (labphon) research community is to understand variation in the sound structure of language. A focus of labphon that sets it apart from other work on variation is the emphasis on understanding how knowledge of variation might be represented cognitively. A growing consensus among labphon researchers is that at least some aspects of acoustic and articulatory variation are represented cognitively, rather than being derived by universal principals (Keating 1988; Pierrehumbert 2002; Beckman et al. 2007; and Cutler et al. 2006). Variation arises from many sources. Another substantial contribution of the labphon community has been to document the various sources of variation in speech. Variation in parameters like voice onset time and vowel-space dispersion has been shown to relate to prosodic structure (e.g., Beckman and Edwards 1988; Keating et al. 2002; inter alia), the structure of the lexicon (Wright 2002; Munson 2007), and morphological structure (Steriade 1995), among other factors. An emergent theme in the labphon community is the topic of phonetic variation related to social categories, which has come to be referred to as sociophonetics. Laboratory phonologists have used instrumental techniques to examine variation at a more-detailed level than could be achieved with transcription alone. Representative studies here include Yaeger-Dror’s (1994) study of the infl uences of lexical class and prosodic structure on vowel variation in Montréal French; Stuart-Smith’s (2007) study of the infl uence of age and social class on sex differentiation in sibilant fricative production in Glasgow; Docherty et al.’s (2006) study of variation in the phonation type of medial stops in Tyneside English; and Harrington’s (2007) study of sound change in Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II’s Christmas radio broadcasts. Other studies have examined how this variation might affect people’s speech-sound perception and spoken-word recognition. One representative study of this is Warren et al.’s (2007) study, which showed that New Zealand English listeners’ knowledge of a socially stratifi ed ongoing sound change affects their Author's Copy
Dying young and living fast: variation in life history across English neighborhoods

Where the expected reproductive life span is short, theory predicts that individuals should follow a "fast" life-history strategy of early reproduction, reduced investment in each offspring, and high reproductive rate. I apply this prediction to different neighborhood environments in contemporary England. There are substantial differences in the expectation of healthy life between the most deprived and most affluent neighborhoods. Using data from the Millennium Cohort Study (n e 8660 families), I show that in deprived neighborhoods compared with affluent ones, age at first birth is younger, birthweights are lower, and breastfeeding duration is shorter. There is also indirect evidence that reproductive rates are higher. Coresidence of a father figure is less common, and contact with maternal grandmothers is less frequent, though grandmaternal contact shows a curvilinear relationship with neighborhood quality. Children from deprived neighborhoods perform less well on a verbal cognitive assessment at age 5 years, and this deficit is partly mediated by parental age and investment variables. I suggest that fast life history is a comprehensible response, produced through phenotypic plasticity, to the ecological context of poverty, but one that entails specific costs to children. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.
New Perspectives on the Structure of Graphitic Carbons

Graphitic forms of carbon are important in a wide variety of applications, ranging from pollution control to composite materials, yet the structure of these carbons at the molecular level is poorly understood. The discovery of fullerenes and fullerene-related structures such as carbon nanotubes has given a new perspective on the structure of solid carbon. This review aims to show how the new knowledge gained as a result of research on fullerene-related carbons can be applied to well-known forms of carbon such as microporous carbon, glassy carbon, carbon fibers, and carbon black.
Economic inequalities in burden of illness, diagnosis and treatment of five long-term conditions in England: panel study

Objective We compared the distribution by wealth of self-reported illness burden (estimated from validated scales, biomarker and reported symptoms) for angina, cataract, depression, diabetes and osteoarthritis, with the distribution of self-reported medical diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to determine if the greater illness burden borne by poorer participants was matched by appropriately higher levels of diagnosis and treatment. Design The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a panel study of 12 765 participants aged 50 years and older in four waves from 2004 to 2011, selected using a stratified random sample of households in England. Distribution of illness burden, diagnosis and treatment by wealth was estimated using regression analysis. Outcome measures The main outcome measures were ORs for the illness burden, diagnosis and treatment, respectively, adjusted for age, sex and wealth. We estimated the illness burden for angina with the Rose Angina scale, diabetes with fasting glycosylated haemoglobin, depression with the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, osteoarthritis with self-reported pain and disability and cataract with self-reported poor vision. Medical diagnoses were self-reported for all conditions. Treatment was defined as β-blocker prescription for angina, surgery for osteoarthritis and cataract, and receipt of predefined effective interventions for diabetes and depression. Results Compared with the wealthiest, the least wealthy participant had substantially higher odds for illness burden from any of the five conditions at all four time points, with ORs ranging from 4.2 (95% CI 2.6 to 6.8) for diabetes to 15.1 (11.4 to 20.0) for osteoarthritis. The ORs for diagnosis and treatment were smaller in all five conditions, and ranged from 0.9 (0.5 to 1.4) for diabetes treatment to 4.5 (3.3 to 6.0) for angina diagnosis. Conclusions The substantially higher illness burden in less wealthy participants was not matched by appropriately higher levels of diagnosis and treatment.
The Risk Attitudes of Professional Athletes: Optimism and Success Are Related

This article studies whether measured risk attitudes and athletic success are related. We measured the risk preferences of the players of the Dutch men’s field hockey team, the reigning European champions, and runners-up in the 2012 Olympics and in the 2014 World Championships, and compared those with a matched sample of recreational hockey players. We had the rare opportunity to interview each professional individually. Our measurements were based on prospect theory. We disentangled the various components of risk attitudes using a parameter-free method that makes it possible to completely observe prospect theory without imposing simplifying assumptions and that captures individual heterogeneity. The professionals were more optimistic for gains than the nonprofessionals: they overweighted the probability of winning compared with the nonprofessional group. Utility curvature (diminishing sensitivity) and loss aversion were very close in the 2 groups. As probabilities were given, the difference in optimism was not caused by inaccurate beliefs. It was also unrelated to differences in overconfidence or in venturesomeness and impulsivity, 2 psychological traits associated with risk taking. Our findings indicate that success in sports may be related to differences in optimism. They are consistent with previous findings that optimistic people are more successful and that optimism may be associated with better outcomes.
Partial decode-and-forward rates for the Gaussian MIMO relay channel: Inner approximation of non-convex rate constraints

In this paper, we consider achievable partial decode-and-forward (PDF) rates for the Gaussian multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay channel. The PDF scheme generalizes the decode-and-forward (DF) scheme as it allows to optimize the amount of information that is transmitted in cooperation with the relay. For the Gaussian channel case, the optimal channel inputs for the PDF scheme are unknown, and even if Gaussian channel inputs are used, the resulting optimization problem (OP) is non-convex. Thus, suboptimal approaches are necessary in order to efficiently evaluate PDF rates. In this paper, we apply the so-called Inner Approximation Algorithm (IAA). By successively refining an approximation of the original OP, we are able to evaluate PDF rates by solving a sequence of convex OPs. Our simulation results show that these suboptimal PDF rates are able to outperform the rates achieved by point-to-point (P2P) transmission and the DF scheme. For scenarios where the source is equipped with more antennas than the relay, the suboptimal PDF rates even approach the cut-set bound (CSB).
Klinefelter Syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal condition in boys and men that can affect physical and intellectual development. Most commonly, affected individuals are taller than average are unable to father biological children (infertile); however the signs and symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome vary among boys and men with this condition. In some cases, the features of the condition are so mild that the condition is not diagnosed until puberty or adulthood, and researchers believe that up to 75 percent of affected men and boys are never diagnosed.
Seed Biofortification and Phytic Acid Reduction: A Conflict of Interest for the Plant?

Most of the phosphorus in seeds is accumulated in the form of phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, InsP6). This molecule is a strong chelator of cations important for nutrition, such as iron, zinc, magnesium, and calcium. For this reason, InsP6 is considered an antinutritional factor. In recent years, efforts to biofortify seeds through the generation of low phytic acid (lpa) mutants have been noteworthy. Moreover, genes involved in the biosynthesis and accumulation of this molecule have been isolated and characterized in different species. Beyond its role in phosphorus storage, phytic acid is a very important signaling molecule involved in different regulatory processes during plant development and responses to different stimuli. Consequently, many lpa mutants show different negative pleitotropic effects. The strength of these pleiotropic effects depends on the specific mutated gene, possible functional redundancy, the nature of the mutation, and the spatio-temporal expression of the gene. Breeding programs or transgenic approaches aimed at development of new lpa mutants must take into consideration these different aspects in order to maximize the utility of these mutants.
Extracting and Using Discourse Structure to Resolve Anaphoric Dependencies : Combining Logico-Semantic and Statistical Approaches

Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT; (Asher, 1993), (Asher & Lascarides, 2003)) is an approach to discourse interpretation with several advantages for NLP research and applications. One of SDRT’s advantages is that it separates out a computationally tractable notion of information packaging from information content. Further, the theory of information packaging exploits the notion of an underspecified representation at several levels—at the level of compositional and lexical semantics as well as at the level of discourse logical form. Recent work by (Schlangen & Lascarides, 2002) as well as (Asher & Lascarides, 2003) show how HPSG grammars like the English Resource Grammar of (Copestake & Flickinger, 2000)
Directional gene flow and ecological separation in Yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia enterocolitica is a common cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. Recent work defining the phylogeny of the genus Yersinia subdivided Y. enterocolitica into six distinct phylogroups. Here, we provide detailed analyses of the evolutionary processes leading to the emergence of these phylogroups. The dominant phylogroups isolated from human infections, PG3–5, show very little diversity at the sequence level, but do present marked patterns of gain and loss of functions, including those involved in pathogenicity and metabolism, including the acquisition of phylogroup-specific O-antigen loci. We tracked gene flow across the species in the core and accessory genome, and show that the non-pathogenic PG1 strains act as a reservoir for diversity, frequently acting as donors in recombination events. Analysis of the core and accessory genome also suggested that the different Y. enterocolitica phylogroups may be ecologically separated, in contrast to the long-held belief of common shared ecological niches across the Y. enterocolitica species.
Characterization of Aggressive Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

ii Acknowledgements. iv Vita. v List of Tables. viii Chapter 1: Introduction. 1 Chapter 2: Methods. 41 Chapter 3: Results. 62 Chapter 4: Discussion. 78 References. 105 Tables. 118 Figures. 161 Appendix A. 167 Appendix B. 171 Appendix C. 174
Comparion of stability in titanium implants with different surface topographies in dogs

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM A few of studies which compared and continuously measured the stability of various surface treated implants in the same individual had been performed. PURPOSE We aim to find the clinical significance of surface treatments by observing the differences in the stabilization stages of implant stability. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eight different surface topographies of dental implants were especially designed for the present study. Machined surface implants were used as a control group. 4 nano-treated surface implants (20 nm TiO2 coating surface, heat-treated 80 nm TiO2 coating surface, CaP coating surface, heat treated CaP coating surface) and 3 micro-treated surface implants [resorbable blast media (RBM) surface, sandblast and acid-etched (SAE) surface, anodized RBM surface] were used as experiment groups. All 24 implants were placed in 3 adult dogs. Periotest® & ISQ values measured for 8 weeks and all animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks after surgery. Then the histological analyses were done. RESULTS In PTV, all implants were stabilized except 1 failed implants. In ISQ values, The lowest stability was observed at different times for each individual. The ISQ values were showed increased tendency after 5 weeks in every groups. After 4 to 5 weeks, the values were stabilized. There was no statistical correlation between the ISQ values and PTV. In the histological findings, the bone formation was observed to be adequate in general and no differences among the 8 surface treated implants. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the difference in the stability of the implants was determined not by the differences in the surface treatment but by the individual specificity.
UNIVERSAL SEMICONSTANT REBALANCED PORTFOLIOS

In this paper, we investigate investment strategies that can rebalance their target portfolio vectors at arbitrary investment periods. These strategies are called semiconstant rebalanced portfolios in Blum and Kalai and Helmbold et al. Unlike a constant rebalanced portfolio, which must rebalance at every investment interval, a semiconstant rebalanced portfolio rebalances its portfolio only on selected instants. Hence, a semiconstant rebalanced portfolio may avoid rebalancing if the transaction costs outweigh the benefits of rebalancing. In a competitive algorithm framework, we compete against all such semiconstant portfolios with an arbitrary number of rebalancings and corresponding rebalancing instants. We investigate this framework with and without transaction costs and demonstrate sequential portfolios that asymptotically achieve the wealth of the best semiconstant rebalanced portfolios whose number of rebalancings and instants of rebalancings are tuned to the individual sequence of price relatives.
Benchmarks of Web Site Design and Marketing by Swiss Hotels

*Lausanne Institute for Hospitality Research (LIHR), Ecole hoteliere de Lausanne (EHL), Le Chalet-a-Gobet, 1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland †Competence Center ISnet-VS, University of Applied Sciences Valais, Technopole 3, 3960 Sierre, Switzerland ‡Hotel Valuation Services HVS, 372 Willis Avenue, Mineola, NY 11501 §University of Western Australia, Faculty of Business, Department of Information Management and Marketing, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia
Lymph node metastasis and pattern of recurrence in clinically early stage endometrial cancer with positive lymphovascular space invasion

Objective To investigate the rate, predictors of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and pattern of recurrence in clinically early stage endometrial cancer (EC) with positive lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI). Methods Women with clinically early stage EC and positive LVSI 2005 to 2012 were identified. Kaplan-Meier curves and logistic regression models were used. Results One hundred forty-eight women were identified. Of them, 25.7% had LNM (21.7% pelvic LNM, 18.5% para-aortic LNM). Among patients with LNM who had both pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, isolated pelvic, para-aortic and both LNM were noted in 51.4%, 17.1%, and 31.4% respectively. Age and depth of myometrial invasion were significant predictors of LNM in LVSI positive EC. Node positive patients had high recurrence rate (47% vs. 11.8%, p<0.05) especially distant (60.9% vs. 7.9%, p<0.001) and para-aortic (13.2% vs. 1.8%, p=0.017) recurrences compared to node negative EC. LNM was associated with lower progression-free survival (p=0.002) but not overall survival (p=0.73). Conclusion EC with positive LVSI is associated with high risk of LNM. LNM is associated with high recurrence rate especially distant and para-aortic recurrences. Adjuvant treatments should target prevention of recurrences in these areas.
Vertical and spatial distribution of dust from aircraft and satellite measurements during the GERBILS field campaign

The Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget Intercomparisons of Longwave and Shortwave (GERBILS) radiation field experiment was conducted in June 2007 over North Africa to study dust aerosols from aircraft, satellite, and ground measurements. We present results from a case study on June 21, 2007 where coincident measurements from a space borne lidar, aircraft profiles, and multiple satellite instruments from the A‐Train are available around 1430 UTC. Backscatter measurements from the space‐borne lidar indicate that dust aerosols are present between the surface and altitudes of 4–6 km, which agrees well with aircraft measurements. For low AOD (AOD < 1), the agreement between satellite and aircraft‐derived values and amongst the satellite products are within 0.1–0.2. However, most satellite products underestimate AOD when aircraft AOD's are higher (AOD > 1). New satellite sensors coupled with new algorithms are now providing valuable information over desert regions to assess aerosol impacts on climate, air quality and other applications.
Goal Orientations and Athletes' Preferences for Competence Information Sources

This study examined the relationship between goal orientations and preferences for sources of competence information. It was hypothesized that athletes higher in ego goal orientation would have a greater preference for game outcome, significant others' evaluation, and peer comparison, whereas athletes higher in task goal orientation would have a greater preference for learning, effort, and improvement as sources of competence information. To test this hypothesis, 152 high school athletes (78 females and 74 males) completed the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and the Sport Competence Information Scale (SCIS). A principal component factor analysis on the SCIS identified seven information sources. Canonical correlations revealed an overall trend whereby task goal orientation is associated with more self-referenced sources, and ego orientation is related to more norm-referenced sources of information.
Closure Relations for e± Pair Signatures in Gamma-Ray Bursts

We present recipes to diagnose the fireball of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by combining observations of e± pair signatures (the pair annihilation line and the cutoff energy due to the pair creation process). Our recipes are largely model-independent and extract information even from the nondetection of either pair signature. We evaluate physical quantities such as the Lorentz factor, optical depth, and pair-to-baryon ratio only from the observable quantities. In particular, we can test whether the prompt emission of GRBs comes from the pair/baryonic photosphere or not. The future Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) satellite will provide us with good chances to use our recipes via either detection or nondetection of pair signatures.