Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Image Specific Error Rate: A Biometric Performance Metric

Image-specific false match and false non-match error rates are defined by inheriting concepts from the biometric zoo. These metrics support failure mode analyses by allowing association of a covariate (e.g., dilation for iris recognition) with a matching error rate without having to consider the covariate of a comparison image. Image-specific error rates are also useful in detection of ground truth errors in test datasets. Images with higher image-specific error rates are more ``difficult'' to recognize, so these metrics can be used to assess the level of difficulty of test corpora or partition a corpus into sets with varying level of difficulty. Results on use of image-specific error rates for ground-truth error detection, covariate analysis and corpus partitioning is presented.
INVESTIGATING INDIVIDUAL PREFERENCES AND BRAIN ACTIVITY IN A WINE TASTING EXPERIENCE: A NEUROMARKETING APPROACH

The study examines physiological and neuronal processes of 26 inexpert wine drinkers in order to understand how consumers judge and choose wines during product experience. We analysed if an increase in the beta band activity can be related to reward process and individual preference for a wine. The results confirmed that 1) tasting dierent wines modulate individual preferences and beta band activity and 2) the higher preferences for a wine corresponded to a stronger decrease in beta band oscillations.
Outrage effects on food risk perception as moderated by risk attitude

Abstract For a deeper understanding of the dynamics of food risk perception, we examined the role of perceived outrage factors in guiding risk perception. Their interactions with risk attitude and media use were investigated as well. A nationwide survey (N = 1000) was conducted on five outrage factors (familiarity, trust, catastrophic potential, effects on children, and dread) with respect to four types of food risk (Benzopyrene in noodle soup, Norovirus in school cafeteria food, Misuse of plastic coffee bags, and Salmonella in infant food) in South Korea. The results confirmed that perceived outrage factors were overall positively associated with risk perception. Trust, catastrophic potential, and dread were associated with heightened risk perception regarding all of the four types of food risk. Familiarity and effect on children were also connected to a higher risk perception in two out of the four types of food risk. In addition, these outrage effects were partially moderated by risk attitude. Risk aversion attitudes weakened the association between perceived outrage factors (trust and catastrophic potential) and risk perception in three out of the four types of risk. The implication of the main outrage effect and its interaction with risk attitude was discussed in light of risk management.
Exploring Motivational Factors and Visitor Satisfaction in On-line Museum Visits

The hardest part about developing an understanding of museum audiences, both physical and virtual, is not understanding who is visiting, but understanding what visitors take away with them from their visit. This paper reports on an on-line survey that explored the latter question by focusing very specifically on issues of motivation. Why do people visit a museum web site, and how do these motivations affect their experience with the site, and the learning or meaningmaking that may happen as a result of their visit? By understanding the links between motivation and meaning-making, museum professionals will be able to provide more effective and more enriching on-line experiences for their visitors. Our research builds on the current research from several different fields: 1. Previous studies of web visitors’ reasons for using museum web sites, 2. Current educational research on the factors that influence motivation, including selfefficacy (visitors’ perception of their own comfort on the site), task value (how much value they place in visiting that site) and other related issues, and 3. The Contextual Model of Learning, from the museum education field, which is a framework of 12 key factors that significantly influence museum learning. Based on responses to a pop-up survey placed on educational sections within six museum web sites, we found statistically significant correlations between task value and expectations fulfillment, and between medium mastery and expectations fulfillment. Results from the question on meaning-making were too vague or varied from the open-ended questioning to be linked with the other issues under consideration. Introduction Although museum web sites are now ubiquitous, little is known about the actual visits to these sites, the context and motivation surrounding those visits, and ultimately, what sort of meaning visitors make when they visit. We have chosen to focus on motivation and the on-line visit. By understanding the link between motivation and meaning-making, museum professionals will be able to provide more effective and more enriching on-line experiences for their visitors. This study does not purport to construct the definitive theory on the subject, but hopefully serves instead as a starting point for a deeper and richer conversation about learning on-line.
Triple negative breast cancer: looking for the missing link between biology and treatments

The so called “Triple Negative Breast Cancer” (TNBC) represents approximately 15-20% of breast cancers. This acronym simply means that the tumour does not express oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and does not exhibit amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene. Despite this unambiguous definition, TNBCs are an heterogeneous group of tumours with just one common clinical feature: a distinctly aggressive nature with higher rates of relapse and shorter overall survival in the metastatic setting compared with other subtypes of breast cancer. Because of the absence of well-defined molecular targets, cytotoxic chemotherapy is currently the only treatment option for TNBC. In the last decades, the use of more aggressive chemotherapy has produced a clear improvement of the prognosis in women with TNBC, but this approach results in an unacceptable deterioration in the quality of life, also if some support therapies try to relieve patients from distress. In addition, there is the general belief that it is impossible to further improve the prognosis of TNBC patients with chemotherapy alone. In view of that, there is a feverish search for new “clever drugs” able both to rescue chemo-resistant, and to reduce the burden of chemotherapy in chemo-responsive TNBC patients. A major obstacle to identifying actionable targets in TNBC is the vast disease heterogeneity both inter-tumour and intra-tumour and years of study have failed to demonstrate a single unifying alteration that is targetable in TNBC. TNBC is considered the subtype that best benefits from the neoadjuvant model, since the strong correlation between pathological Complete Response and long-term Disease-Free-Survival in these patients. In this review, we discuss the recent discoveries that have furthered our understanding of TNBC, with a focus on the subtyping of TNBC. We also explore the implications of these discoveries for future treatments and highlight the need for a completely different type of clinical trials.
Micropapillary Bladder Cancer: Insights from the National Cancer Database

Introduction: Micropapillary bladder cancer (MPBC) is a variant histology of urothelial carcinoma (UC) that is associated with poor outcomes however given its rarity, little is known outside of institutional reports. We sought to use a population-level cancer database to assess survival outcomes in patients treated with surgery, radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for all cases of MPBC and UC using International Classification of Disease-O-3 morphologic codes between 2004–2014. Primary outcome was survival outcomes stratified by treatment modality. Treatments included radical cystectomy (RC) with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) or adjuvant chemotherapy (AC). Results: Overall 869 patients with MPBC and 389,603 patients with UC met the inclusion criteria. Median age of the MPBC cohort was 69.9 years (58.9–80.9) with the majority of the cohort presenting with high-grade (89.3%) and muscle invasive or locally advanced disease (47.6%). For cT1 MPBC, outcomes of RC and BPS were not statistically different. For≥cT2 disease, NAC showed a survival benefit compared with RC alone for UC but not for MPBC. On multivariable analysis, MPBC histology independently predicted worse increased risk of death. On subanalysis of the MPBC RC patients, NAC did not improve survival outcomes compared with RC alone. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy utilization and early cystectomy did not show a survival benefit in patients with MPBC. This histology independently predicts decreased survival and prognosis is poor regardless of treatment modality. Further research should focus on developing better treatment options for this rare disease.
Multiple Particle Swarm Optimizers with Inertia Weight with Diversive Curiosity and Its Performance Test

This paper presents a new method of curiosity-driven multi-swarm search, called multiple particle swarm optimizers with inertia weight with diversive curiosity (MPSOIWα/DC). Compared to a plain MPSOIW, it has the following outstanding features: (1) Decentralization in multi-swarm exploration with hybrid search, (2) Concentration in evaluation and behavior control with diversive curiosity, (3) Practical use of the results of evolutionary PSOIW, and (4) Their effective combination. This achievement expands the applied object of cooperative PSO with the multi-swarm’s decision-making. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposal, computer experiments on a suite of multidimensional benchmark problems are carried out. We examine the intrinsic characteristics of the proposal, and compare the search performance with other methods. The obtained experimental results clearly indicate that the search performance of the MPSOIWα/DC is superior to that by the EPSOIW, PSOIW, OPSO, RGA/E, and MPSOα/DC for the given benchmark problems.
A Comparative Anatomy of REITS and Residential Real Estate Indexes: Returns, Risks and Distributional Characteristics

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are the only truly liquid assets related to real estate investments. We study the behavior of U.S. REITs over the past three decades and document their return characteristics. REITs have somewhat less market risk than equity; their betas against a broad market index average about . 65. Decomposing their covariances into principal components reveals several strong factors. REIT characteristics differ to some extent from those of the S&P/Case-Shiller (SCS) residential real estate indexes. This is partly attributable to methods of index construction. Our examination of REITs suggests that investment in real estate is far more risky than what might be inferred from the widely-followed SCS series.
Psychotherapy Research and the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM–2)

The new Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM-2; Lingiardi & McWilliams, 2017) aspires to emphasize a holistic view of individuals, rather than focusing solely on the treatment of diagnoses or the amelioration of symptoms that constitute them. In this paper, we discuss the ways in which the PDM-2 differs from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) and complements it as a tool. We discuss these topics in the context of studies within the field of psychotherapy research that seem to be relevant to PDM-2 syndromes and domains of functioning. We review some recent specific examples of psychotherapy research that help illustrate the role that different PDM-2 constructs play in treatment, as well as suggest ideas for future directions in research about the PDM-2. It is our hope that the PDM-2 diagnostic framework will aid in planning clinically sophisticated and methodologically robust research designs examining psychotherapy process and outcome.
On the Optimal Mix of Corporate Hedging Instruments: Linear Versus Non-Linear Derivatives

We examine how corporations should choose their optimal mix of linear and non-linear derivatives. We present a model in which a firm facing both quantity (output) and price (market) risk maximizes its expected profits when subject to financial distress costs. The optimal hedging position generally is comprised of linear contracts, but as the levels of quantity and price risk increase, the use of linear contracts will decline due to the risks associated with over-hedging. At the same time, a substitution effect occurs towards the use of non-linear contracts. The degree of substitution will depend on the correlation between output levels and prices. Our model also allows us to provide insight into the relation between a firm's derivatives usage and its transaction-cost structure.
L1-Computability, Layerwise Computability and Solovay Reducibility

We propose a hierarchy of classes of functions that corresponds to the hierarchy of randomness notions. Each class of functions converges at the corresponding random points. Wegive various characterizations of the classes, that is, characterizations via integral tests, L 1 -computability and layerwise computability. Furthermore, the relation among these classes is formulated
Preamble design for multiple-antenna OFDM-based WLANs with null subcarriers

The so-called orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique has received considerable interest, especially in the area of wireless local area networks (WLANs). One way of meeting the demands for increased data rates in WLANs is to provide the transmitter and receiver with multiple antennas. In this letter, we consider the estimation of the channel and the design of optimal preambles (training sequences) for an OFDM system with two transmit and multiple receive antennas.
Age and Gender Affect the Composition of Fungal Population of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

The fungal component of the human gut microbiota has been neglected for long time due to the low relative abundance of fungi with respect to bacteria, and only recently few reports have explored its composition and dynamics in health or disease. The application of metagenomics methods to the full understanding of fungal communities is currently limited by the under representation of fungal DNA with respect to the bacterial one, as well as by the limited ability to discriminate passengers from colonizers. Here, we investigated the gut mycobiota of a cohort of healthy subjects in order to reduce the gap of knowledge concerning fungal intestinal communities in the healthy status further screening for phenotypical traits that could reflect fungi adaptation to the host. We studied the fecal fungal populations of 111 healthy subjects by means of cultivation on fungal selective media and by amplicon-based ITS1 metagenomics analysis on a subset of 57 individuals. We then characterized the isolated fungi for their tolerance to gastrointestinal (GI) tract-like challenges and their susceptibility to antifungals. A total of 34 different fungal species were isolated showing several phenotypic characteristics associated with intestinal environment such as tolerance to body temperature (37°C), to acidic and oxidative stress, and to bile salts exposure. We found a high frequency of azoles resistance in fungal isolates, with potential and significant clinical impact. Analyses of fungal communities revealed that the human gut mycobiota differs in function of individuals' life stage in a gender-related fashion. The combination of metagenomics and fungal cultivation allowed an in-depth understanding of the fungal intestinal community structure associated to the healthy status and the commensalism-related traits of isolated fungi. We further discussed comparatively the results of sequencing and cultivation to critically evaluate the application of metagenomics-based approaches to fungal gut populations.
Land Inequality and the Origin of Divergence and Overtaking in the Growth Process: Theory and Evidence

This research suggests that the distribution of land within and across countries affected the nature of the transition from an agrarian to an industrial economy, generating diverging growth patterns across countries. Land abundance, which was beneficial in early stages of development, generated in later stages a hurdle for human capital accumulation and economic growth among countries in which land ownership was unequally distributed. The qualitative change in the role of land in the process of industrialization affected the transition to modern growth and has brought about changes in the ranking of countries in the world income distribution. Some land abundant countries that were associated with the club of the rich economies in the pre-industrial revolution era and were marked by an unequal distribution of land, were overtaken in the process of industrialization by land scarce countries and were dominated by other land abundant economies in which land distribution was rather equal. The theory focuses on the economic incentives that led landowners to resist growth enhancing educational expenditure. The basic premise of this research, regarding the negative effect of land inequality on public expenditure on education is supported empirically based on cross-state data from the High School Movement in the first half of the 20th century in the US.
ttentional changes in human perceptual learning

In two experiments, participants were required to identify a target stimulus by means of same/different judgments. Previously, they had received simultaneous or blocked pre-exposures to the target and a similar stimulus. Participants’ ability to judge pre-exposed stimuli as different was better after simultaneous than after blocked pre-exposures. However, the benefit of the simultaneous schedule disappeared when, after pre-exposure, the distinctive elements were made common (and some common elements made dis-
Torus Fibrations and Localization of Index I - Polarization and Acyclic Fibrations

We define a local Riemann-Roch number for an open symplectic manifold when a completely integrable system without Bohr-Sommerfeld fiber is provided on its end. In particular when a structure of a singular Lagrangian fibration is given on a closed sym- plectic manifold, its Riemann-Roch number is described as the sum of the number of nonsingular Bohr-Sommerfeld fibers and a contribution of the singular fibers. A key step of the proof is formally explained as av ersion of Witten's deformation applied to a Hilbert bundle.
Temporal Analysis of Language through Neural Language Models

We provide a method for automatically detecting change in language across time through a chronologically trained neural language model. We train the model on the Google Books Ngram corpus to obtain word vector representations specific to each year, and identify words that have changed significantly from 1900 to 2009. The model identifies words such as cell and gay as having changed during that time period. The model simultaneously identifies the specific years during which such words underwent change.
Preservice Special Education Teachers' Reflections on Their Developing Professional Awareness Via In-Context Learning

ABSTRACT The highly complex demands of the profession often overwhelm new teachers. Burnout and attrition are known consequences of inadequate preparation, burdening the education system with costly turnover and schools with disproportionate numbers of inexperienced teachers, including special educators. Many teacher preparation programs embed field experiences as a formative aspect of professional development with the intention of exposing candidates to the realities and demands of the profession. Little is known, however, about the ways in which preservice teachers’ professional awareness develops via in-context learning through field-based experiences. Using an exploratory, qualitative approach we analyzed end of course reflections of 31 special education preservice teachers for insights into the development of their professional awareness (professional roles and responsibilities) following a strategically aligned field experience. Findings suggest that participants expressed a growing understanding of professional practices, teacher dispositions, and professional relationships. A discussion of the findings and implications for teacher preparation are presented.
Genome-Wide Mapping Targets of the Metazoan Chromatin Remodeling Factor NURF Reveals Nucleosome Remodeling at Enhancers, Core Promoters and Gene Insulators

NURF is a conserved higher eukaryotic ISWI-containing chromatin remodeling complex that catalyzes ATP-dependent nucleosome sliding. By sliding nucleosomes, NURF is able to alter chromatin dynamics to control transcription and genome organization. Previous biochemical and genetic analysis of the specificity-subunit of Drosophila NURF (Nurf301/Enhancer of Bithorax (E(bx)) has defined NURF as a critical regulator of homeotic, heat-shock and steroid-responsive gene transcription. It has been speculated that NURF controls pathway specific transcription by co-operating with sequence-specific transcription factors to remodel chromatin at dedicated enhancers. However, conclusive in vivo demonstration of this is lacking and precise regulatory elements targeted by NURF are poorly defined. To address this, we have generated a comprehensive map of in vivo NURF activity, using MNase-sequencing to determine at base pair resolution NURF target nucleosomes, and ChIP-sequencing to define sites of NURF recruitment. Our data show that, besides anticipated roles at enhancers, NURF interacts physically and functionally with the TRF2/DREF basal transcription factor to organize nucleosomes downstream of active promoters. Moreover, we detect NURF remodeling and recruitment at distal insulator sites, where NURF functionally interacts with and co-localizes with DREF and insulator proteins including CP190 to establish nucleosome-depleted domains. This insulator function of NURF is most apparent at subclasses of insulators that mark the boundaries of chromatin domains, where multiple insulator proteins co-associate. By visualizing the complete repertoire of in vivo NURF chromatin targets, our data provide new insights into how chromatin remodeling can control genome organization and regulatory interactions.
Industrial Rent Differentials: The Case of Greater Los Angeles

In this paper the authors explore an integrated view of the relationship between location and industrial real-estate rents within decentralized metropolises. It is postulated that variations across space in industrial rents reflect spatial variations not only in productivity-enhancing firm amenities, but also in utility-bearing worker amenities and local institutional constraints on the supply of industrial space or land. To test for such influences, alternative empirical models employing 1990 industrial (production space) rents in Greater Los Angeles are estimated. Although firm amenities induce the strongest price effect, worker amenities and zoning constraints do play an important role in industrial pricing.