Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution Patterns Predict Individual Specialization in the Diet of Dolphin Gulls

Many animals show some degree of individual specialization in foraging strategies and diet. This has profound ecological and evolutionary implications. For example, populations containing diverse individual foraging strategies will respond in different ways to changes in the environment, thus affecting the capacity of the populations to adapt to environmental changes and to diversify. However, patterns of individual specialization have been examined in few species. Likewise it is usually unknown whether specialization is maintained over time, because examining the temporal scale at which specialization occurs can prove difficult in the field. In the present study, we analyzed individual specialization in foraging in Dolphin Gulls Leucophaeus scoresbii, a scavenger endemic to the southernmost coasts of South America. We used GPS position logging and stable isotope analyses (SIA) to investigate individual specialization in feeding strategies and their persistence over time. The analysis of GPS data indicated two major foraging strategies in Dolphin Gulls from New I. (Falkland Is./Islas Malvinas). Tagged individuals repeatedly attended either a site with mussel beds or seabird and seal colonies during 5 to 7 days of tracking. Females foraging at mussel beds were heavier than those foraging at seabird colonies. Nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15N) of Dolphin Gull blood cells clustered in two groups, showing that individuals were consistent in their preferred foraging strategies over a period of at least several weeks. The results of the SIA as well as the foraging patterns recorded revealed a high degree of specialization for particular feeding sites and diets by individual Dolphin Gulls. Individual differences in foraging behavior were not related to sex. Specialization in Dolphin Gulls may be favored by the advantages of learning and memorizing optimal feeding locations and behaviors. Specialized individuals may reduce search and handling time and thus, optimize their energy gain and/or minimize time spent foraging.
“’Til Lack of Forgiveness Doth Us Part”: Forgiveness and Marriage

Because those we love are paradoxically the ones we are most likely to hurt, it is critical to understand forgiveness in close relationships. Indeed, spouses report that the capacity to seek and grant forgiveness is one of the most important factors contributing to marital longevity and marital satisfaction (Fenell, 1993), and marital therapists note that forgiveness is a challenging but necessary part of the healing process for major relationship transgressions such as infi delity (Gordon & Baucom, 1999). Likewise, forgiveness of everyday hurts may contribute to relationship strength in numerous ways (Fincham, Beach, & Davila, 2004). This chapter explores forgiveness as it operates within the context of marriage, considering the existing research that has been done in this area as well as identifying promising directions for future research. We also address how forgiveness can be applied in interventions with individual couples and groups of couples within the community. Finally, we discuss our theoretical perspectives on the forgiveness fi eld as a whole. Before embarking on this exploration, we fi rst make explicit our theoretical assumptions about the construct of forgiveness.
No evidence for bulk velocity from type Ia supernovae

We revisit the effect of peculiar velocities on low-redshift type Ia supernovae. Velocities introduce an additional guaranteed source of correlations between supernova magnitudes that should be considered in all analyses of nearby supernova samples but has largely been neglected in the past. Applying a likelihood analysis to the latest compilation of nearby supernovae, we find no evidence for the presence of these correlations, although, given the significant noise, the data is also consistent with the correlations predicted for the standard ΛCDM model. We then consider the dipolar component of the velocity correlations—the frequently studied ``bulk velocity''—and explicitly demonstrate that including the velocity correlations in the data covariance matrix is crucial for drawing correct and unambiguous conclusions about the bulk flow. In particular, current supernova data is consistent with no excess bulk flow on top of what is expected in ΛCDM and effectively captured by the covariance. We further clarify the nature of the apparent bulk flow that is inferred when the velocity covariance is ignored. We show that a significant fraction of this quantity is expected to be noise bias due to uncertainties in supernova magnitudes and not any physical peculiar motion.
A Family of Gradient Descent Grid Frequency Estimators for the SOGI Filter

This paper applies the adaptive gradient descent method to the second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) filter in order to find an online estimation algorithm for the grid frequency, which leads to the proposal of three possible estimators. One of them is identical to the frequency-locked loop algorithm reported in the literature, which proves that it should be understood as a gradient descent estimation algorithm and not as a “frequency locked loop. ” The proposed gradient descent estimators are simple and suitable to be implemented into a digital processor with small computational burden. However, due to the SOGI characteristics, the estimators show to be especially sensitive to subharmonic and dc-offset voltage distortion. These problems are removed adopting a cascaded double SOGI approach, which strongly increases the rejection capability to harmonics and enhances the response to voltage sags. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the proposed contribution.
Robust synthesis of feedforward compensators

The design of a feedforward compensator for robust /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// or /spl Hscr//sub 2/ performance under structured uncertainty is considered. For linear time-invariant uncertainty, a convex method based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) across the frequency variable is given. For nonlinear or time-varying perturbations and /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// performance, the design problem is reduced exactly to a state-space LMI, and extensions to /spl Hscr//sub 2/ performance are discussed. An example illustrates the application of these techniques to two-degree-of-freedom control design.
Microstructural and Mechanical Property Development in Metastable Beta Titanium Alloys

Titanium alloys represent an ever increasing proportion of the materials employed in aerostructural applications. Metastable beta alloys in particular, offer high specific strength and good corrosion resistance that allow them to compete with steels. Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr and Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al are two such alloys used in the main landing gear of large commercial aircraft. Thermomechanical processing of metastable beta alloys is critical in obtaining the desired microstructure, which in turn governs the mechanical properties. This therefore demands a thorough understanding of the relationship between processing, microstructure and mechanical properties in order to optimise the final product and process route. This project characterises the microstructural and mechanical property variation within forged Ti-5553. Microstructural variables are quantified in order to examine their relative influence on mechanical properties. This reaffirmed the importance of microstructural control during materials processing. Gradual changes in primary alpha morphology, beta volume fraction and grain structure were observed throughout the forgings. However, it was also found that the size of secondary alpha precipitates could fluctuate rapidly over relatively short distances. The effect on mechanical properties was significant enough to completely reverse the general trends exhibited over the entire forging. It was also found that the heat treatment response varied with orientation. It would appear that unspecified microstructural variables limited the maximum achievable properties in certain orientations, preventing the heat treatment from further affecting them. However, changes in work hardening behaviour were observed which increased the proof stress while leaving the tensile strength essentially unchanged. The influence of subtransus thermomechanical processing on the microstructural evolution of Ti-10-2-3 was also investigated. Flow curves exhibited an initial peak at low strain followed by extensive flow softening. Microstructural analysis would suggest that the fragmentation and globularisation of acicular alpha particles is at least partially responsible for this softening effect. The use of torsion tests demonstrated that non-linear strain paths may not represent an efficient means of globularising primary alpha. The Burger’s Orientation Relationship (BOR) was found to break down at a linear strain of about 0.5. However, the process of ‘strain reversal’ could partially restore this up to an original linear strain of around 0.8. Solution treatment and ageing revealed that more highly strained regions were less responsive to age hardening.
Small sample bias in synthetic cohort models of labor supply

This paper investigates small-sample biases in synthetic cohort models (repeated cross-sectional data grouped at the cohort and year level) in the context of a female labor supply model. I use the Current Population Survey to compare estimates when group sizes are extremely large to those that arise from randomly drawing subsamples of observations from the large groups. I augment this approach with Monte Carlo analysis so as to precisely quantify biases and coverage rates. In this particular application, thousands of observations per group are required before small-sample issues can be ignored in estimation and sampling error leads to large downward biases in the estimated income elasticity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bend sprinting performance: new insights into the effect of running lane

Abstract Athletes in inner lanes may be disadvantaged during athletic sprint races containing a bend portion because of the tightness of the bend. We empirically investigated the veracity of modelled estimates of this disadvantage and the effect of running lane on selected kinematic variables. Three-dimensional video analysis was conducted on nine male athletes in lanes 8, 5 and 2 of the bend of an outdoor track (radii: 45.10, 41.41 and 37.72 m, respectively). There was over 2% (p < 0.05) reduction in mean race velocity from lane 8 (left step 9.56 ± 0.43 m/s, right step: 9.49 ± 0.41 m/s) to lane 5 (left step: 9.36 ± 0.51 m/s, right step: 9.30 ± 0.51 m/s), with only slight further reductions from lane 5 to lane 2 (left step: 9.34 ± 0.61 m/s, right step: 9.30 ± 0.63 m/s). Race velocity decreased mainly because of reductions in step frequency as radius decreased. These unique data demonstrate the extent of the disadvantage of inner lane allocation during competition may be greater than previously suspected. Variations in race velocity changes might indicate some athletes are better able to accommodate running at tighter radii than others, which should have implications for athletes’ training.
OverFeat: Integrated Recognition, Localization and Detection using Convolutional Networks

We present an integrated framework for using Convolutional Networks for classification, localization and detection. We show how a multiscale and sliding window approach can be efficiently implemented within a ConvNet. We also introduce a novel deep learning approach to localization by learning to predict object boundaries. Bounding boxes are then accumulated rather than suppressed in order to increase detection confidence. We show that different tasks can be learned simultaneously using a single shared network. This integrated framework is the winner of the localization task of the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge 2013 (ILSVRC2013) and obtained very competitive results for the detection and classifications tasks. In post-competition work, we establish a new state of the art for the detection task. Finally, we release a feature extractor from our best model called OverFeat.
Genetics of Callous-Unemotional Behavior in Children

Callous-unemotional behavior (CU) is currently under consideration as a subtyping index for conduct disorder diagnosis. Twin studies routinely estimate the heritability of CU as greater than 50%. It is now possible to estimate genetic influence using DNA alone from samples of unrelated individuals, not relying on the assumptions of the twin method. Here we use this new DNA method (implemented in a software package called Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis, GCTA) for the first time to estimate genetic influence on CU. We also report the first genome-wide association (GWA) study of CU as a quantitative trait. We compare these DNA results to those from twin analyses using the same measure and the same community sample of 2,930 children rated by their teachers at ages 7, 9 and 12. GCTA estimates of heritability were near zero, even though twin analysis of CU in this sample confirmed the high heritability of CU reported in the literature, and even though GCTA estimates of heritability were substantial for cognitive and anthropological traits in this sample. No significant associations were found in GWA analysis, which, like GCTA, only detects additive effects of common DNA variants. The phrase ‘missing heritability’ was coined to refer to the gap between variance associated with DNA variants identified in GWA studies versus twin study heritability. However, GCTA heritability, not twin study heritability, is the ceiling for GWA studies because both GCTA and GWA are limited to the overall additive effects of common DNA variants, whereas twin studies are not. This GCTA ceiling is very low for CU in our study, despite its high twin study heritability estimate. The gap between GCTA and twin study heritabilities will make it challenging to identify genes responsible for the heritability of CU.
Treatment for Eosinophilic Otitis Media

Eosinophilic Otitis Media (EOM) is remarkably characterized by viscous middle ear effusion (MEE) infiltrated with numerous eosinophils. Since EOM is a high risk disease of progressive hearing loss, early diagnosis and management of appropriate treatment along with an understanding of the pathology of EOM are imperative. The treatment strategies for EOM comprise the removal of the highly viscous MEE enriched with a cytotoxic protein derived from eosinophils, and the suppression of local and systemic eosinophilic inflammation. Here, we introduce how we treat EOM patients in our department concretely. Regarding the management of the acute phase of EOM, topical and/or systemic steroids have proven their efficacy. Regarding the long-term management of EOM, a combination of various antiallergic drugs that have proven efficacy for eosinophilic inflammation is beneficial. In a considerable number of EOM cases, we have succeeded cessation of topical and systemic steroids.
Evaluation of Ki67, p16 and CK17 Markers in Differentiating Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Benign Lesions

Background: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a premalignant lesion capable of progressing to cervical cancer. Despite the existing well-defined criteria, the histomorphologic diagnosis is subject to high rates of discordance among pathologists. The aim of this study was to evaluate Ki-67 (MIB-1), CK17 and p16 INK4a (p16) markers by immunohistochemical methods in differentiating CIN from benign cervical lesions. Methods: The present study reviewed and re-classified 77 cervical biopsies, originally diagnosed as 31 non-CIN, and 46 CIN, as 54 non-CIN, and 23 CIN based on at least two similar diagnoses. Immunostaining by Ki67, p16 and CK17 markers was performed on all cases and the results were compared with pervious and consensus diagnosis. Results: The overall agreement between pervious and consensus diagnosis was 67.5% (Kappa=0.39, P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of Ki67 immunostaining were 95.6% and 85.1% respectively, while for p16 the corresponding values were 91.3% and 98.1%. The overall agreement, for both p16 and Ki67, with consensus diagnosis were significant (P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of CK17 negative staining in CIN detection were 39.1% and 40.7% respectively. Conclusion: Ki67 and p16 markers are recommended as complementary tests for differentiating between dysplastic and non-dysplastic lesions. CK17 does not discriminate between immature metaplasia with and without dysplasia.
Quality of life among parents of South African children with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract Objective To describe the quality of life (QOL) of South African parents caring for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as compared with parents of typically developing (TD) children from the same community. Methods A cross-sectional study was done evaluating the QOL of parents of 52 children (26 parents of children with ASD versus 26 parents of TD children) using a structured measure, (World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-BREF). Results The mean age of the children with ASD was 64.9 months (SD 14.5) versus 60.1 months (SD 13.5) for TD group. There was a male predominance among group of children with ASD (48 boys, four girls). The mean parental age of the ASD group was 32.9 years (SD 7.8) compared with 33.8 years (SD 6.8) for the TD group. As compared with parents of the TD children, parents of children with ASD had lower mean QOL scores in the four QOL domains: physical, psychological, social and environmental health (p<0.0001). the domain where the discrepancy between groups was greatest was the physical domain Where the mean score was 52.1 (SD 18.7) in the ASD group and 92 (SD 10.4) in the TD group. Lower income, severity level of ASD and lack of access to school placement of children with ASD were found significantly associated with parents’ QOL domains. Conclusion QOL of parents of children with ASD is significant lower than that of the parents of their TD peers across all domains and is an important component in management of the family which needs to be explored and addressed.
Genomic Characterization of USA300 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to Evaluate Intraclass Transmission and Recurrence of Skin and Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI) Among High-Risk Military Trainees

Background Military trainees are at increased risk for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) can refine our understanding of MRSA transmission and microevolution in congregate settings. Methods We conducted a prospective case-control study of SSTI among US Army infantry trainees at Fort Benning, Georgia, from July 2012 to December 2014. We identified clusters of USA300 MRSA SSTI within select training classes and performed WGS on clinical isolates. We then linked genomic, phylogenetic, epidemiologic, and clinical data in order to evaluate intra- and interclass disease transmission. Furthermore, among cases of recurrent MRSA SSTI, we evaluated the intrahost relatedness of infecting strains. Results Nine training classes with ≥5 cases of USA300 MRSA SSTI were selected. Eighty USA300 MRSA clinical isolates from 74 trainees, 6 (8.1%) of whom had recurrent infection, were subjected to WGS. We identified 2719 single nucleotide variants (SNVs). The overall median (range) SNV difference between isolates was 173 (1-339). Intraclass median SNV differences ranged from 23 to 245. Two phylogenetic clusters were suggestive of interclass MRSA transmission. One of these clusters stemmed from 2 classes that were separated by a 13-month period but housed in the same barracks. Among trainees with recurrent MRSA SSTI, the intrahost median SNV difference was 7.5 (1-48). Conclusions Application of WGS revealed intra- and interclass transmission of MRSA among military trainees. An interclass cluster between 2 noncontemporaneous classes suggests a long-term reservoir for MRSA in this setting.
[Long-term prognostic value of troponin I in patients admitted to a coronary unit for unstable angina].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Troponin I (TnI) is a useful marker of myocardial damage for the diagnosis and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome. The purpose of this study was to analyze the long-term prognostic value of the peak TnI concentration obtained within 48 h of admission to the coronary unit for unstable angina. METHODS The study included 149 consecutive patients. Serial determinations were made of the MB fraction of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and TnI. Patients without CK-MB elevation were classified into two groups depending on the presence of high (n = 58) or normal (n = 91) troponin I values. We prospectively analyzed the clinical and evolutive factors related to the probability of death, new acute coronary event, or coronary revascularization at one-year of follow-up. RESULTS There were no differences in the clinical characteristics between groups, except that patients in the group with high TnI values were older (69 vs. 64 years, p = 0.01). At one year of follow-up there were no differences in the incidence of new acute coronary events or coronary revascularization procedures; however there was a higher mortality in the group with high TnI (13 vs. 4%; p = 0.01). The independent predictors of mortality were prior myocardial infarction (RR = 3), elevated troponin I (RR = 3.2), left ventricular ejection fraction < 35% (RR = 10), and age > 70 years (RR = 15). CONCLUSIONS In patients with unstable angina a high troponin I value in the first 48 h of admission was associated with a higher mortality rate at one-year of follow-up.
The Relationship between Narcissism and Problematic Social`Networking Sites (SNS) Use: Mediating Role of Attachment Instability

Social Networking Sites (SNS) are used by more and more people and have many positive aspects of human life, but they are also causing addiction enough to interfere with everyday life. Especially in Korea, more and more children and adolescents are indulged in SNS, and adults also have many side effects of SNS such as neglect of work, relationship problems, and attention seeking behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between implicit narcissism and social networking services addiction, mediated by attachment instability. The study comprised 185 cyber university students (69 males and 116 females) and the mean age was 40.13 ± 10.66 years. The instruments of collecting data are comprised of Covert Narcissism Scale, Experience of Close Relationship, and Social Networking Service Addiction Tendency. Simple correlation showed that implicit narcissism and attachment instability were highly correlated with SNS addiction. Also, the regression analysis showed that attachment anxiety mediated between implicit narcissism and SNS addiction. The implications and limitations of this study were discussed.
A damping factor based particle swarm optimization approach

This paper proposes a novel damping factor based particle swarm optimization (DFPSO) to solve the large scale and high-dimensional searching space problems in terms of convergence to global optima. In this optimal searching strategy, we balance the exploring and exploiting ability of particles by introducing a new damping factor. Also, fuzzy c-means clustering is applied to cluster the particles' positions for the individuals' neighborhood establishment. Our comparative study about benchmark test functions demonstrates that the proposed variant of PSO outweighs the performance of standard PSO and three state-of-art variants of PSO in terms of global optimum convergence and final optimal results.