Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single people in the nineteenth-century city: a comparative perspective on occupations and living situations

Une analyse des recensements du milieu du dix-neuvième siècle pour les villes de Pisa, tant urbaine que rurale, d'Amiens, de Stockport et de Providence fournit des données sur les proportions de personnes restant célibataires dans les différents groupes d'âge. Les éléments concernant les emplois et le lieu de résidence des célibataires sont ensuite comparés à ceux des personnes mariées du mêmê âge. On note que pour Pisa la plupart des célibataires sont en service plutôt que d'être employés dans l'industrie. Plus tard dans la vie, ils resident auprés de personnes sans liens familiaux avec eux, comme domestiques ou comme locataires. On constate également l'emploi séparé chez les gens de maison et dans certaines professions pour les célibataires à Amiens, bien qu'il y ait plus d'hommes et de femmes restés célibataires y vivant en solitaire qu'à Pisa. A Stockport et à Providence il y a moins d'adultes non mariés car les possibilités d'emploi dans l'industrie permettent à davantage de gens de se marier et la concentration des célibataires dans le secteur de service y est moin important. Eine Analyse der Volkszählungen in Pisa (Stadt und Land), Amiens, Stockport und Providence während der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts liefert Informationen über die Proportionen der in den verschiedenen Altersgruppen unverheiratet bleibenden Personen. Beschäftigung und Lebensumstände der Ledigen werden dann mit denen von Verheirateten vergleichbaren Alters in Bezug gesetzt. Für die Stadt Pisa wird festgestellt, daß die Mehrzahl der Ledigen als Hausangestellte arbeitete und nicht in Industrie oder Gewerbe beschäftigt war, und daß sie, vor allem in späteren Lebensjahren, in Haushalten von Nicht-Verwandten als Bedienstete oder Inwohner lebte. Eine derartige Abgrenzung Unverheirateter im Dienstbotensektor und in bestimmten Berufen für Ledige ist auch in Amiens zu verzeichnen, obwohl hier ein höherer Prozentsatz der Ledigen unabhängig lebte als in Pisa. In Stockport und Providence waren weniger Erwachsene ledig, da die Gelegenheit zur gewerblichen Beschäftigung es mehr Leuten ermöglichte zu heiraten, und so die Konzentration der Ledigen im Dienstleistungsbereich weniger verbreitet war.
Batch Mode Active Learning with Applications to Text Categorization and Image Retrieval

Most machine learning tasks in data classification and information retrieval require manually labeled data examples in the training stage. The goal of active learning is to select the most informative examples for manual labeling in these learning tasks. Most of the previous studies in active learning have focused on selecting a single unlabeled example in each iteration. This could be inefficient, since the classification model has to be retrained for every acquired labeled example. It is also inappropriate for the setup of information retrieval tasks where the user's relevance feedback is often provided for the top K retrieved items. In this paper, we present a framework for batch mode active learning, which selects a number of informative examples for manual labeling in each iteration. The key feature of batch mode active learning is to reduce the redundancy among the selected examples such that each example provides unique information for model updating. To this end, we employ the Fisher information matrix as the measurement of model uncertainty, and choose the set of unlabeled examples that can efficiently reduce the Fisher information of the classification model. We apply our batch mode active learning framework to both text categorization and image retrieval. Promising results show that our algorithms are significantly more effective than the active learning approaches that select unlabeled examples based only on their informativeness for the classification model.
The acute effects of psyllium on postprandial lipaemia and thermogenesis in overweight and obese men

Overweight and obesity is one of the risk factors for developing CVD. At present, very little is known about the acute effects of dietary fibre on lipids, glucose and insulin, resting energy expenditure and diet-induced thermogenesis in overweight and obese individuals. This study examined the postprandial metabolic effects of dietary fibre in overweight and obese men. Ten overweight and obese men consumed a mixed meal accompanied by either a high-fibre or low-fibre supplement on two separate visits, in a random order, 1 week apart. Two isoenergetic breakfast meals with similar composition were consumed by ten overweight/obese men. The meals contained either a low (3 g) or high (15 g) amount of fibre, low-fibre meal (LFM) and high-fibre meal (HFM) respectively. Analysis was carried out using paired t test and ANOVA. Serum TAG incremental area under the curve during 6 h of the postprandial period was significantly lower after the consumption of HFM compared with LFM. At the first hour of the postprandial period, plasma apo B48 concentration after consumption of HFM was significantly lower compared with LFM. The resting energy expenditure and diet-induced thermogenesis after both meals was similar during 6 h of the postprandial period. Collectively, these findings suggest that a single acute dose of dietary fibre in the form of psyllium supplement can decrease arterial exposure to TAG and modify chylomicron responses in the postprandial period.
Will hearing healthcare be affordable in the new millennium

Calculations of the needs of healthcare, hearing healthcare included, are usually based on clinical data rather than on valid prevalence figures. According to our recent population study, the number of citizens needing hearing aids in Finland will be twice the figure usually presented, 280 000 for the country as a whole (population 5.1 million). The penetration of hearing aids was only 41%. Taking this and the ageing of the population into account, the economic challenges of hearing healthcare will be alarming in the new millennium.
Genome-Wide Association Study Identified CNP12587 Region Underlying Height Variation in Chinese Females

Introduction Human height is a highly heritable trait considered as an important factor for health. There has been limited success in identifying the genetic factors underlying height variation. We aim to identify sequence variants associated with adult height by a genome-wide association study of copy number variants (CNVs) in Chinese. Methods Genome-wide CNV association analyses were conducted in 1,625 unrelated Chinese adults and sex specific subgroup for height variation, respectively. Height was measured with a stadiometer. Affymetrix SNP6.0 genotyping platform was used to identify copy number polymorphisms (CNPs). We constructed a genomic map containing 1,009 CNPs in Chinese individuals and performed a genome-wide association study of CNPs with height. Results We detected 10 significant association signals for height (p<0.05) in the whole population, 9 and 11 association signals for Chinese female and male population, respectively. A copy number polymorphism (CNP12587, chr18:54081842-54086942, p = 2.41×10−4) was found to be significantly associated with height variation in Chinese females even after strict Bonferroni correction (p = 0.048). Confirmatory real time PCR experiments lent further support for CNV validation. Compared to female subjects with two copies of the CNP, carriers of three copies had an average of 8.1% decrease in height. An important candidate gene, ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-like (NEDD4L), was detected at this region, which plays important roles in bone metabolism by binding to bone formation regulators. Conclusions Our findings suggest the important genetic variants underlying height variation in Chinese.
Perceptual Band Allocation (PBA) for the rendering of vertical image spread

A series of subjective experiments were conducted to investigate a novel vertical image rendering method named ‘Perceptual Band Allocation (PBA)’, using octave bands of pink noise with a vertical 2D reproduction setup with main and height loudspeaker pairs. The perceived height of each octave band was first measured for the main and height loudspeakers individually. Results suggested a significant difference between monophonic and stereophonic images in the perceived relationship between frequency and height. Six different test conditions have been created aiming for various degrees of vertical image spread, in such a way that each frequency band was mapped to either the main or height loudspeaker layer based on the results from the localisation experiment. Multiple comparison tests were conducted to grade the perceived magnitude of vertical image spread. It was generally found that various degrees of vertical image spread could be rendered using different PBA schemes, but the perceived results did not fully match predicted results based on the localisation results. Differences between the main and height loudspeaker layers in the spectral weightings of ear-input signal at certain frequencies was identified as one of the factors that influenced this result.
Permanent upper plate deformation in western Myanmar during the great 1762 earthquake: Implications for neotectonic behavior of the northern Sunda megathrust

The 1762 Arakan earthquake resulted from rupture of the northern Sunda megathrust and is one of those rare preinstrumental earthquakes for which early historical accounts document ground deformations. In order to obtain more comprehensive and detailed measurements of coseismic uplift, we conducted comprehensive field investigations and geochronological analyses of marine terraces on the two largest islands in western Myanmar. We confirm 3–4 m of coseismic coastal emergence along southwestern Cheduba Island, diminishing northeastward to less than 1 m. Farther northeast, uplift associated with the earthquake ranges from slightly more than 1 m to 5–6 m along the western coast of Ramree Island but is insignificant along the island's eastern coast. This double‐hump pattern of uplift coincides with the long‐term anticlinal growth of these two islands. Thus, we propose that the 1762 earthquake resulted from slip on splay faults under the islands, in addition to rupture of the megathrust. Elastic modeling implies that fault slip during the 1762 earthquake ranges from about 9 to 16 m beneath the islands and corresponds to a magnitude of Mw 8.5 if the rupture length of the megathrust is ~500 km. The island's uplift histories suggest recurrence intervals of such events of about 500–700 years. Additional detailed paleoseismological studies would add significant additional detail to the history of large earthquakes in this region.
Music and speech prosody: a common rhythm

Disorders of music and speech perception, known as amusia and aphasia, have traditionally been regarded as dissociated deficits based on studies of brain damaged patients. This has been taken as evidence that music and speech are perceived by largely separate and independent networks in the brain. However, recent studies of congenital amusia have broadened this view by showing that the deficit is associated with problems in perceiving speech prosody, especially intonation and emotional prosody. In the present study the association between the perception of music and speech prosody was investigated with healthy Finnish adults (n = 61) using an on-line music perception test including the Scale subtest of Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA) and Off-Beat and Out-of-key tasks as well as a prosodic verbal task that measures the perception of word stress. Regression analyses showed that there was a clear association between prosody perception and music perception, especially in the domain of rhythm perception. This association was evident after controlling for music education, age, pitch perception, visuospatial perception, and working memory. Pitch perception was significantly associated with music perception but not with prosody perception. The association between music perception and visuospatial perception (measured using analogous tasks) was less clear. Overall, the pattern of results indicates that there is a robust link between music and speech perception and that this link can be mediated by rhythmic cues (time and stress).
Deterministically Factoring Sparse Polynomials into Multilinear Factors

We present the first efficient deterministic algorithm for factoring sparse polynomials that split into multilinear factors. Our result makes partial progress towards the resolution of the classical question posed by von zur Gathen and Kaltofen in [GK85] to devise an efficient deterministic algorithm for factoring (general) sparse polynomials. We achieve our goal by introducing essential factorization schemes which can be thought of a relaxation of the regular factorization notion.
Two Discontinuous Segments in the Carboxyl Terminus Are Required for Membrane Targeting of the Rat γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter-1 (GAT1)*

Like all members of the Na+/Cl--dependent neurotransmitter transporter family, the rat γ-aminobutyric acid transporter-1 (GAT1) is sorted and targeted to specialized domains of the cell surface. Here we identify two discontinuous signals in the carboxyl terminus of GAT1 that cooperate to drive surface expression. This conclusion is based on the following observations. Upon deletion of the last 37 amino acids, the resulting GAT1-Δ37 remained trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum. The presence of 10 additional residues (GAT1-Δ27) sufficed to support the interaction with the coat protein complex II component Sec24D; surface expression of GAT1-Δ27 reached 50% of the wild type level. Additional extensions up to the position -3 (GAT1-Δ3) did not further enhance surface expression. Thus the last three amino acids (AYI) comprise a second distal signal. The sequence AYI is reminiscent of a type II PDZ-binding motif; accordingly substituting Glu for Ile abrogated the effect of this motif. Neither the AYI motif nor the last 10 residues rescued the protein from intracellular retention when grafted onto GAT1-Δ37 and GAT1-Δ32; the AYI motif was dispensable for targeting of GAT1 to the growth cone of differentiating PC12 cells. We therefore conclude that the two segments act in a hierarchical manner such that the proximal motif (569VMI571) supports endoplasmic reticulum export of the protein and the distal AYI motif places GAT1 under the control of the exocyst.
School Size, Characteristics, and Outcomes

To investigate school size effects for secondary schools, 18 school outcomes, including the average scores on state-developed tests, student retention, suspensions, postschool employment, and college attendance for 293 public secondary schools in New Jersey were regressed on 23 school characteristics, including district socioeconomic status and percentages of students from low-income families; school size and number of schools within each district; and teacher characteristics encompassing salaries, degree status, and years of experience. District socioeconomic status and the percentage of students from low-income families in the school were the most influential and consistent factors related to schooling outcomes. School size was the next most consistent and was negatively related to outcomes. This finding corroborates previous research conducted primarily on public elementary school and suggests that smaller school districts and smaller schools, regardless of socioeconomic status and grade level, may be more efficient at enhancing educational outcomes.
How to Forego Forbidden Fruit: The Regulation of Attractive Alternatives as a Commitment Mechanism

All major theories of relationship commitment specify that the availability of attractive alternatives should be a negative factor undermining relationship commitment and relationship survival. However, most empirical evidence is correlational. In recent years, experimental research has examined how commitment influences attention, perception, and judgment of attractive alternatives in ways that help maintain relationship stability. Moreover, research on self-control of other goal-directed behavior is spawning theory about how impulses and self-control interact to predict the regulation of goal pursuit in the face of temptations. Finally, very recent work has experimentally manipulated the availability of alternatives to test its influence on commitment-related behaviors such as the willingness to tolerate a partner’s transgressions. Recent findings reveal that commitment is necessary but not sufficient when faced with especially strong and sometimes implicit relationship threats.
The contribution of IPL(BA7/39) and ACC(BA24/33) in visual spatial voluntary attention

Visual orienting attention is well researched by using a visual cue. The spatial attention and the temporal attention have been compared by the brain-imaging data [Coull, J. T. , Nobre, A. C. Where and When to pay attention: the neural systems for directing attention to spatial locations and to time intervals as revealed by both PET and fMRI. Journal of Neuroscience, 1998, 18, 7426–7435]. We developed to compare visual spatial orienting attention and visual temporal orienting attention by using a visual cue. We designed a control task in which subjects had to click the response key the same times consistant with spatial task and temporal task. As a result, the brain activations by clicking response key were removed in the result. We measured brain activity in eighteen healthy volunteers by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In the task, the attention was manipulated to spatial and temporal by a visual cue. A neutral task also performed in which a neutral cue was used. Symbolic central cues oriented subjects toward spatial location only (left or right), toward temporal intervals only (300 msec or 1500 msec), or gave no information about spatial location and temporal intervals. Subjects also scanned during a resting baseline condition in which subjects clicked the reaction key ten times. The reaction time for spatial location attention is speedy than that for temporal interval attention. Brain-imaging data showed that IPL(inferior parietal lobe) and ACC(anterior cingulated cortex) were activated in the visual spatial attention task. Frontal cortex(BA9) activated in the visual temporal attention task.
Using concept mapping for assessing and promoting relational conceptual change in science

In this article, we adopted the relational conceptual change as our theoretical framework to accommodate current views of conceptual change such as ontological beliefs, epistemological commitment, and social/affective contexts commonly mentioned in the literature. We used a specific concept mapping format and process—digraphs and digraphing—as an operational framework for assessing and promoting relational conceptual change. We wanted to find out how concept mapping can be used to account for relational conceptual change. We collected data from a Grade 12 chemistry class using collaborative computerized concept mapping on an ongoing basis during a unit of instruction. Analysis of progressive concept maps and interview transcripts of representative students and the teacher showed that ongoing and collaborative computerized concept mapping is able to account for student conceptual change in ontological, epistemological, and social/affective domains. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed88:373–396, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/. sce10127
Profiles of dyadic adjustment for advanced prostate cancer to inform couple-based intervention

Objective: The purpose of the study is to describe from a relational perspective, partners’ psychological adjustment, coping and support needs for advanced prostate cancer. Design: A mixed methods design was adopted, employing triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data, to produce dyadic profiles of adjustment for six couples recruited from the urology clinics of local hospitals in Tasmania, Australia. Methods: Dyads completed a video-taped communication task, semi-structured interview and standardised self-report questionnaires. Results: Themes identified were associated with the dyadic challenges of the disease experience (e.g. relationship intimacy, disease progression and carer burden). Couples with poor psychological adjustment profiles had both clinical and global locus of distress, treatment side-effects, carer burden and poor general health. Resilient couples demonstrated relationship closeness and adaptive cognitive and behavioural coping strategies. The themes informed the adaption of an effective program for couples coping with women’s cancers (CanCOPE, to create a program for couples facing advanced prostate cancer (ProCOPE-Adv). Conclusion: Mixed method results inform the development of psychological therapy components for couples coping with advanced prostate cancer. The concomitance of co-morbid health problems may have implications for access and engagement for older adult populations in face-to-face intervention.
Dynamics of Performing and Remembering Organizational Routines

This study addresses the dynamic interplay between action and memory in organizational routines. We consider three distinct forms of memory – procedural, declarative, and transactive – and examine their roles in the formation, efficiency, and adaptability of organizational routines. We introduce an agent‐based model simulating organizational routines as repeated patterns of sequential tasks accomplished by networks of individuals. We model the formation of new routines, and changes in established organizational routines resulting from loss of personnel (due to downsizing) and changes in environmental demands. We find that transactive memory enhances problem‐solving efficiency and facilitates adaptation to novel problems. Declarative memory built from past experience facilitates efficient routines in stable contexts, but obstructs efficiency gains when the organization encounters novel problems.
Psychometric Properties of the Lithuanian Version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ): Pilot Study

The internal consistency reliability and structure-related validity of the Lithuanian version of Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), a 32-item instrument originally developed to assess the parenting behavior of parents of 4- to 12-year-olds, was the focus of the research study. The translated instrument was completed by 265 parents (mostly mothers) of nonclinical elementary school-aged children from a metro school district in Lithuania. In this pilot study, it was found that the PSDQ Lithuanian version had preliminary sufficient internal consistency reliability and structure-related validity similar to those reported by the authors of the original instrument. However, the PSDQ Lithuanian version still needs further studies with a more balanced gender representation, larger sample, and more diverse number of schools for exploring the psychometric properties more thoroughly. Nevertheless, in that there are few instruments on parenting that have already been translated and used with Lithuanian parents; the authors believe that this pilot study is a very important first step in the process of creating a valid and reliable instrument based on Baumrind’s parenting model.