Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Empirical modeling, state estimation, and process control with real-life applications to the Czochralski crystallization process

A method for outlier detection based on the residual of system identification is presented in [1]. An alternative approach to this method is derived in this paper; outliers may cause large innovation processes (absolute values). Hence, such outliers may be detected by searching for samples having large innovation processes. In [2] it is proved that the innovation process can be identified directly from system input and system output data, without relying on models. This method is therefore well suited for outlier detection. In [3] it is shown that the innovation process identified by the method of [2] is identical to the residual of an ARX identification. Hence, the method to be derived in this paper can mathematically be proved to be a special case of the method presented in [1]: If an ARX algorithm is chosen for the system identification step in the method of [1], then the method of [1] and the method to be presented in this paper become mathematically identical. The latter method is tested on experimental data from the copper refining process of Xstrata Nikkelverk, Kristiansand, Norway. The MATLAB command delayest is used to estimate time delays between system inputs and system outputs in a dataset. A simulation study of delayest shows that the command is sensitive to: (i) The specified model order. (ii) Stochastic elements in the dataset. (iii) Whether all time delays are estimated during one execution of delayest, or whether only one time delay is estimated for each execution. delayest is also tested on experimental data from Xstrata Nikkelverk. These tests confirm that delayest is sensitive to the factors listed above.
A Measurement Study of External Links of YouTube

For the recent two years, YouTube has already become one of the most successful VOD systems. Since it is established in early 2005, the number of the visits to YouTube not only maintain a high level, but also steadily increases even these days. It is widely believed that the online social networks contribute to this success. To study one new aspect of how much social networks contribute to the popularity of videos in YouTube, this paper provides an in-depth study into the effects of the external links in YouTube. Our study shows interesting characteristics of external links in YouTube. The existed studies reveal that 'Music' and 'Comedy' videos are the most popular ones. Compared with this, our study shows that the 'Sports' and 'Science & Technology' videos gains the most largest proportion of views from external links. Also, the percentage of views from external links reduces with power law. More specifically, we find that the top-5 external links contribute the popularity of the video most in the first four days and percentage can be up to 25%. For the video over than one years old, the top-5 external links are also able to contribute a stable part at about 4.5%. To end this, we hope our work can serve as a initial step for the study of the external environment.
Dose–Response Relationship between Inorganic Arsenic Exposure and Lung Cancer among Arseniasis Residents with Low Methylation Capacity

Background: Exposure to inorganic arsenic (InAs) has been documented as a risk factor for lung cancer. This study examined the association between InAs exposure, its metabolism, and lung cancer occurrence. Methods: We followed 1,300 residents from an arseniasis area in Taiwan, determined urinary InAs metabolites, and identified 39 lung cancer cases. Cox proportional hazards model was performed. Results: The results demonstrated that participants with either the primary methylation index [monomethylarsonic acid (MMA)/InAs] or the secondary methylation index [dimethylarsenic acid (DMA)/MMA] lower than their respective median values were at a higher risk of lung cancer (HRs from 3.41 to 4.66) than those with high methylation capacity. The incidence density of lung cancer increased from 79.9/100,000 (year−1) to 467.4/100,000 (year−1) for residents with low methylation capacity and from 0 to 158.5/100,000 (year−1) for residents with high methylation capacity when the arsenic exposure dose increased from 2 to 10 ppb to ≥200 ppb, respectively. The analyses revealed a dose–response relationship between lung cancer occurrence and increasing arsenic concentrations in drinking water as well as cumulative arsenic exposure (monotonic trend test; P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively) among the residents with low methylation capacity. The relationship between arsenic exposure and lung cancer among high methylators was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Hypomethylation responses to InAs exposure may dose dependently increase lung cancer occurrence. Impact: The high-risk characteristics observed among those exposed should be considered in future preventive medicine and research on arsenic carcinogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(5); 756–61. ©2016 AACR.
Methylation of zebularine investigated using density functional theory calculations

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation is an epigenetic phenomenon, which adds methyl groups into DNA. This study reveals methylation of a nucleoside antibiotic drug 1‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐2‐pyrimidinone (zebularine or zeb) with respect to its methylated analog, 1‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐5‐methyl‐2‐pyrimidinone (d5) using density functional theory calculations in valence electronic space. Very similar infrared spectra suggest that zeb and d5 do not differ by types of the chemical bonds, but distinctly different Raman spectra of the nucleoside pair reveal that the impact caused by methylation of zeb can be significant. Further valence orbital‐based information details on valence electronic structural changes caused by methylation of zebularine. Frontier orbitals in momentum space and position space of the molecules respond differently to methylation. Based on the additional methyl electron density concentration in d5, orbitals affected by the methyl moiety are classified into primary and secondary contributors. Primary methyl contributions include MO8 (57a), MO18 (47a), and MO37 (28a) of d5, which concentrates on methyl and the base moieties, suggest certain connection to their Frontier orbitals. The primary and secondary methyl affected orbitals provide useful information on chemical bonding mechanism of the methylation in zebularine. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Targeted metabolomics reveals differences in the extended postprandial plasma metabolome of healthy subjects after intake of whole‐grain rye porridges versus refined wheat bread

SCOPE We previously found that whole-grain (WG) rye porridges suppressed appetite and improved glucose metabolism. This study aimed to investigate potential plasma metabolites that may be related to differences in those appetite and glucose responses. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-one health subjects consumed six isocaloric breakfasts in a randomized cross-over study. Plain WG rye porridges (40 and 55 g), rye porridge enriched with different inulin: gluten proportions (9:3 g; 6:6 g; 3:9 g), and a 55 g refined wheat bread (control) were served as part of complete breakfast, followed by a standardized lunch. NMR metabolomics assessed 36 plasma metabolites and short chain fatty acids were measured by GC-MS from baseline up to 8 h. Pre-lunch plasma essential amino acids reflected protein composition and post-lunch plasma short chain fatty acids varied with fiber content in breakfasts. No correlations were observed between measured metabolites and glucose, insulin, or appetite responses. CONCLUSIONS Differences in protein and fiber contents in breakfasts altered postprandial plasma amino acids and short chain fatty acids, respectively, but were unrelated to appetite and glucose responses. Further studies are warrant to identify the underlying mechanisms for the beneficial effects on appetite and second meal glucose responses after rye-based foods.
Can Spatiotemporal 3D CNNs Retrace the History of 2D CNNs and ImageNet?

The purpose of this study is to determine whether current video datasets have sufficient data for training very deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with spatio-temporal three-dimensional (3D) kernels. Recently, the performance levels of 3D CNNs in the field of action recognition have improved significantly. However, to date, conventional research has only explored relatively shallow 3D architectures. We examine the architectures of various 3D CNNs from relatively shallow to very deep ones on current video datasets. Based on the results of those experiments, the following conclusions could be obtained: (i) ResNet-18 training resulted in significant overfitting for UCF-101, HMDB-51, and ActivityNet but not for Kinetics. (ii) The Kinetics dataset has sufficient data for training of deep 3D CNNs, and enables training of up to 152 ResNets layers, interestingly similar to 2D ResNets on ImageNet. ResNeXt-101 achieved 78.4% average accuracy on the Kinetics test set. (iii) Kinetics pretrained simple 3D architectures outperforms complex 2D architectures, and the pretrained ResNeXt-101 achieved 94.5% and 70.2% on UCF-101 and HMDB-51, respectively. The use of 2D CNNs trained on ImageNet has produced significant progress in various tasks in image. We believe that using deep 3D CNNs together with Kinetics will retrace the successful history of 2D CNNs and ImageNet, and stimulate advances in computer vision for videos. The codes and pretrained models used in this study are publicly available1.
Differential Reports of Pain and Depression Differentiate Mild Cognitive Impairment From Cognitively Intact Elderly Participants

Background: Positive associations between pain and depression in the general population have been well characterized; however, the interplay between pain, depression, and early cognitive decline, characterized as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), is poorly understood. Methods: The current study examined the association of self-reported pain complaints (measured by the 36-item Short Form Health Survey) and self-reported depressive symptoms (measured by the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale) in cognitively intact participants (n = 492) and participants with a clinical diagnosis of MCI (n = 83). Results: Depressive symptoms and subjective reports of pain were significantly associated in the entire sample (r = .29; P < .0001). Multiple logistic regression modeling (adjusted for age, education, and APOE4 status as covariates) demonstrated that while depressive symptoms were positively associated with the diagnosis of MCI (P < .001), subjective pain reports were negatively associated with MCI (P < .002). Conclusion: While the negative association of subjective pain complaints with MCI might arguably be explained by the development of anosognosia, self-reports of depressive symptoms were actually increased in these participants, suggesting preserved insight into cognitive decline–associated symptoms. It is possible that preferential involvement of limbic circuitry in MCI could explain these findings. Future studies are needed to elucidate the reasons for the dissociation of pain and depressive symptoms in MCI described in the present article.
The Role of Social Support in Multiple Morbidity: Self-Management among Rural Residents

Social support generally is considered a valuable asset that may compensate for health service deficiencies among rural populations. Employing a mixed methods approach, we explored how vulnerable rural residents described social support in the context of self-management for multiple chronic conditions. Participants generally felt support was available, though emotional/informational support was perceived as less available than other types of support. Participants did not rely heavily on informal support to help them manage their multiple morbidities, preferring to call on their doctor and their own resources. We discuss implications of these findings for meeting this vulnerable population's self-management needs.
Effects of sunitinib and bevacizumab on VEGF and miRNA levels on corneal neovascularization

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the effects of sunitinib (0.5 mg/ml) and bevacizumab (5 mg/ml) on VEGF-A, VEGFR-2 and microRNA (miRNA) levels on corneal neovascularization (CNV). Methods: In this study, CNV was induced by silver nitrate application to the cornea, and 40 Albino male rats were equally divided into four subgroups: Group 1 (sunitinib): After silver nitrate application to the cornea, 0.5 mg/ml sunitinib eyedrop was administered twice daily for two weeks (n = 10). Group 2 (bevacizumab): After silver nitrate application to the cornea, 5 mg/ml bevacizumab eyedrop was administered twice daily for two weeks (n = 10). Group 3 (control): After silver nitrate application to the cornea, normal saline eyedrop was administered twice daily for two weeks (n = 10). Group 4 (vehicle): After silver nitrate application to the cornea, 1% DMSO eyedrop was administered twice daily for two weeks (n = 10). After two weeks from the silver nitrate application, corneas were evaluated by hand-held biomicroscope for their vascularization status. Then, corneas were excised and the expression levels of VEGFR-2, VEGF-A and the common miRNA markers for neovascularization (miR-15 b, miR-16, miR-23a, miR-126, miR-188, miR-210, miR-221, miR-222, miR-410 and miR-423) were evaluated by real-time PCR. Results: It was seen that the CNV was decreased in sunitinib- and bevacizumab-administered groups compared to the control and DMSO groups. Also, in comparison with the control group; VEGF-A expression was downregulated by nearly 0.75 times in sunitinib group and nearly 0.52 times in bevacizumab group. VEGFR-2 expression was downregulated by 0.89 times in sunitinib group and 0.68 times in bevacizumab group, compared to the control group. miR-15 b, miR-16 and miR-126 levels were statistically lower in sunitinib and bevacizumab groups, but miR-188 and miR-410 levels were two-fold higher compared to the control group. The miR-210 level was found higher only in sunitinib group compared to the control group. There were no statistically significant changes in miR-23a, miR-221, miR-222 and miR-423 levels among the groups. Conclusion: Topical application of bevacizumab (5 mg/ml) and sunitinib (0.5 mg/ml) decreases the levels of VEGFR-2 and VEGF-A in CNV. Further studies are needed for detailed analysis of genes which are targeted by up- or downregulated miRNAs in this study.
Overuse of diagnostic tools and medications in acute rhinosinusitis in Spain: a population-based study (the PROSINUS study)

Objectives Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) has a high incidence. Diagnosis is clinical, and evolution is mostly self-limited. The aim of this study was to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and use of diagnostic tools and medications in patients with ARS. Design This is a prospective observational study in real-life clinical practice. Setting Patients with clinical diagnosis of ARS (n=2610) were included from ear, nose and throat clinics in Spain. A second visit at resolution was done. Participants Patients were classified according to the duration of symptoms: viral ARS (≤10 days), postviral ARS (>10 days, ≤12 weeks) and chronic rhinosinusitis (>12 weeks). Main outcome measures Sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, disease severity, quality of life (Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-16), used diagnostic tools and medications, and the management performed by primary care physicians (PCPs) and by otorhinolaryngologists (ORLs) were assessed. Results Of the patients 36% were classified as having viral ARS, 63% postviral ARS and 1% as chronic rhinosinusitis. Working in a poorly air-conditioned environment was a risk factor (OR: 2.26, 95% CI 1.27 to 4.04) in developing postviral ARS. A higher number of diagnostic tools (rhinoscopy/endoscopy: 80% vs 70%; plain X-ray: 70% vs 55%; CT scan: 22% vs 12%; P<0.0001) were performed in postviral than viral cases. PCPs performed more X-rays than ORLs (P<0.0001). Patients, more those with postviral than viral ARS, received a high number of medications (oral antibiotics: 76% vs 62%; intranasal corticosteroids: 54% vs 38%; antihistamines: 46% vs 31%; mucolytic: 48% vs 60%; P<0.0001). PCPs prescribed more antibiotics, antihistamines and mucolytics than ORLs (P<0.0068). More patients with postviral than viral ARS reported symptoms of potential complications (1.5% vs 0.4%; P=0.0603). Independently of prescribed medications, quality of life was more affected in patients with postviral (38.7±14.2 vs 36.0±15.3; P=0.0031) than those with viral ARS. ARS resolution was obtained after 6.04 (viral) and 16.55 (postviral) days, with intranasal corticosteroids being associated with longer (OR: 1.07, 95% 1.02 to 1.12) and phytotherapy with shorter (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.00) duration. Conclusions There is a significant overuse of diagnostic tools and prescribed medications, predominantly oral antibiotics, by PCPs and ORLs, for viral and postviral ARS.
Identifying Frail-Related Biomarkers among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: A Research Example from the Japanese Gerontological Evaluation Study

We examined correlating clinical biomarkers for the physical aspect of frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Japan, using Japanese Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). We used information from the JAGES participants (N = 3,128) who also participated in the community health screening in 2010. We grouped participants' response to the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture (SOF) Frailty Index into robust (=0), intermediate frail (=1), and frail (=2+) ones to indicate physical aspect of frailty. Independent of sex and age, results from multinomial logistic regression showed above normal albumin and below normal HDL and haemoglobin levels were positively associated with intermediate frail (RRR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.22–3.23; RRR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.33–1.39; RRR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.23–1.51, resp.) and frail cases (RRR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.91–2.70; RRR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.51–1.68; RRR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.28–1.52, resp.). Limited to women, above normal Hb1Ac level was similarly associated with intermediate frail and frail cases (RRR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.38; RRR = 2.56, 95% CI = 2.23–2.95, resp.). Use of relevant clinical biomarkers can help in assessment of older adults' physical aspect of frailty.
Manifestation of the Strong Non-Linearity of Thermal Injury

It is well known that whether or not thermal injury of tissue occurs depends critically on both tissue temperature and the duration of elevated temperature. Thermal injury can be well modelled by the Arrhenius integral. The Arrhenius parameters used to model thermal injury of the skin, cornea and retina, result in a highly non-linear (i.e. very strong) dependence on temperature and a relatively weak dependence on the duration of elevated temperature (or pulse duration for laser exposure). We present a number of examples of computer model and experimental threshold data where the trends can be understood on the basis of the strong non-linearity of thermal injury with temperature.It is well known that whether or not thermal injury of tissue occurs depends critically on both tissue temperature and the duration of elevated temperature. Thermal injury can be well modelled by the Arrhenius integral. The Arrhenius parameters used to model thermal injury of the skin, cornea and retina, result in a highly non-linear (i.e. very strong) dependence on temperature and a relatively weak dependence on the duration of elevated temperature (or pulse duration for laser exposure). We present a number of examples of computer model and experimental threshold data where the trends can be understood on the basis of the strong non-linearity of thermal injury with temperature.
Gender Modulates the APOE ε4 Effect in Healthy Older Adults: Convergent Evidence from Functional Brain Connectivity and Spinal Fluid Tau Levels

We examined whether the effect of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype on functional brain connectivity is modulated by gender in healthy older human adults. Our results confirm significantly decreased connectivity in the default mode network in healthy older APOE ε4 carriers compared with ε3 homozygotes. More important, further testing revealed a significant interaction between APOE genotype and gender in the precuneus, a major default mode hub. Female ε4 carriers showed significantly reduced default mode connectivity compared with either female ε3 homozygotes or male ε4 carriers, whereas male ε4 carriers differed minimally from male ε3 homozygotes. An additional analysis in an independent sample of healthy elderly using an independent marker of Alzheimer's disease, i.e., spinal fluid levels of tau, provided corresponding evidence for this gender-by-APOE interaction. Together, these results converge with previous work showing a higher prevalence of the ε4 allele among women with Alzheimer's disease and, critically, demonstrate that this interaction between APOE genotype and gender is detectable in the preclinical period.
Plasma ET-1 Concentrations are Elevated in Patients with Hypertension – Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies

Background/Aims: A recent study revealed that global overexpression of ET-1 causes a slight reduction in systemic blood pressure. Moreover, heterozygous ET-1 knockout mice are hypertensive. The role of ET-1 in human hypertension was so far not addressed by a strict meta-analysis of published human clinical studies. Methods: We included studies published between January 1, 1990 and February 28, 2017. We included case control studies analyzing untreated essential hypertension or hypertensive patients where antihypertensive medication was discontinued for at least two weeks. Based on the principle of Cochrane systematic reviews, case control studies (CCSs) in PubMed (Medline) and Google Scholar designed to identify the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the pathophysiological of hypertension were screened. Review Manager Version 5.0 (Rev-Man 5.0) was applied for statistical analysis. Mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) were shown in inverse variance (IV) fixed-effects model or IV random-effects models. Results: Eleven studies fulfilling our in- and exclusion criteria were eligible for this meta-analysis. These studies included 450 hypertensive patients and 328 controls. Our meta-analysis revealed that ET-1 plasma concentrations were higher in hypertensive patients as compared to the control patients [mean difference between groups 1.57 pg/mL, 95%CI [0.47∼2.68, P = 0.005]. These finding were driven by patients having systolic blood pressure higher than 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure higher than 100 mmHg. Conclusions: This meta-analysis showed that hypertensive patients do have elevated plasma ET-1 concentrations. This finding is driven by those patients with high systolic/diastolic blood pressure. Given that the ET-1 gene did not appear in any of the whole genome association studies searching for hypertension associated gene loci, it is very likely that the elevated plasma ET-1 concentrations in hypertensive patients are secondary to hypertension and may reflect endothelial cell damage.