Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aberrant expression of cyclin A in head and neck cancer

Cyclin A expression was studied in a series of 65 squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) and compared with known markers of proliferation, iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) and Ki-67, to assess whether aberrant expression was prevalent. Patients had previously been administered IdUrd to study cell kinetics in relation to outcome of radiotherapy. The data showed that all three parameters were highly correlated although the absolute values were different. The median labelling indices (LI) for IdUrd, cyclin A and Ki-67 were 10.7, 17.1 and 30.8% respectively, reflecting the known pattern of differential cell cycle expression. However, there were a significant number of cases in which an unexpected relationship between cyclin A and either IdUrd or Ki-67 was present. Some of these were attributable to overexpression but others indicated underexpression. Although the greater variability and range of cyclin A expression, coupled with its more closely associated role in cell cycle regulation, might suggest that it may be a more informative marker for cell proliferation than Ki-67, the aberrant expression seen in over one third of cases would indicate that caution should be exercised in interpreting cyclin A as a surrogate marker of proliferation in HNSCC. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Structure of Self-Reported Current Affect : Integration and Beyond

Current affect has been described with various dimensions and structures, including J. A. Russell's (1980) circumplex, D. Watson and A. Tellegen's (1985) positive and negative affect, R. E. Thayer's (1989) tense and energetic arousal, and R. J. Larsen and E. Diener's (1992) 8 combinations of pleasantness and activation. These 4 structures each presuppose bipolar dimensions and have been thought of as interchangeable or 45° rotations of one another, but past data were inconsistent. Huge but not perfect overlap among these four structures was found here in 2 studies of self-reported current affect (Ate = 198 and 217) that controlled for random and systematic errors of measurement. The 4 structures were integrated into a common space defined by 2 bipolar dimensions.
The urban and the urbane: Identities, language ideologies, and Arabic dialects in Morocco

Abstract The migration of old-urban elites to new-urban areas has been given scant attention in the sociolinguistics of mobility. This article examines language ideologies of differentiation that emerged from the migration of Morocco's bona fide old-urban elite from the city of Fez (the Fessis) to the new metropolis of Casablanca. This understudied sociolinguistic encounter brings into sharp focus two quintessential old-urban and new-urban varieties of Arabic along with their complex indexical system that links linguistic forms to identities, lifestyles, and moralities. Based on ethnography and discourse analysis of interviews with two women of Fessi extraction in Casablanca (a migrant and a local-born), I provide an in-depth account of what sounding Fessi means and accomplishes—and fails to accomplish—for these women, showing in the process the (re)production and change of language ideologies. The article demonstrates how changes in indexicalities relate to ongoing group boundary reconfiguration and to processes of linguistic (non)accommodation. (Arabic, North Africa, language ideologies, indexicality, gender, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics of mobility, historical prestige, social reallocation)*
High faecal calprotectin concentrations in newborn infants

Background: Calprotectin, a major component of soluble cytosolic proteins in human neutrophil granulocytes, is excreted in excess in stools during inflammatory bowel disease in adults and children. Faecal calprotectin concentrations are also higher during the first year of life than in adults. Objectives: To measure faecal calprotectin concentrations in the neonatal period and define reference values according to the mode of feeding: standard infant formula, prebiotic infant formula (Calisma, Blédina SA, France), or breast feeding. Patients and methods: A prospective study was carried out over three months in 69 full term, healthy newborns with a median gestational age of 39.8 weeks (range 37–41.5) and a birth weight of 3300 g (range 2600–4460). Three groups were formed depending on the mode of feeding: group 1 (n = 18) received a standard infant formula, group 2 (n = 19) the prebiotic infant formula, and group 3 (n = 32) was breast fed. One stool sample was taken from each newborn on day 4 (3–7), and faecal calprotectin analysed using a commercial enzyme linked immunoassay (Calprest, Eurospital, Italy). Results: Faecal calprotectin concentrations (median 167 µg/g) were higher than reference values in healthy adults. The concentration was below the upper reference limit for adults (50 µg/g) for three infants only, one fed the standard formula and two fed the prebiotic formula. Concentrations did not differ significantly according to method of feeding. Conclusions: Compared with healthy adults, newborns have high calprotectin concentrations in the first days of life. There is no obvious influence of the mode of feeding.
Relationships between expressed and felt emotions in music

Abstract This study examines empirically the possible relationships between the emotional quality one can attribute to musical stimuli (expressed emotion, or external locus of emotion) and the subjective emotional response one can have as a result of listening to music (felt emotion, or internal locus). The relationship between the two loci of emotion is often assumed to be positive, that is, when listening to music, one feels the emotion that the music expresses. Gabrielsson has suggested, however, that this assumption is simplistic, and has proposed a model that describes other possible relationships. The present study quantitatively investigates Gabrielsson's proposal. Forty-five participants responded to questions about both expressed emotion and felt emotion for two familiar experimenter-selected pieces (Pachelbel's Canon and Advance Australia Fair, the Australian national anthem) and one or two pieces of their own selection. Participants were asked to “imagine” their self-selected pieces in the absence of recordings or a live performance. An experimenter-selected piece was both sounded and imagined, and no significant difference was observed in responses between the two conditions. Quantitative criteria were generated in order to compare the loci (internal and external) of each piece in geometric space. Results showed that the positive relationship, where the internal and external locus emotions are the same, occurred in 61% of cases. In general, these pieces were preferred more than those exhibiting non-positive relationships. Implications for practices that tacitly assume a 100% positive relationship, or are not specific about the locus of emotion, are discussed.
New Approaches to Detection and Identification of Rickettsia africae and Ehrlichia ruminantium in Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) Ticks From the Caribbean

ABSTRACT Imported from Africa in the 1700s and despite frequent modern eradication efforts, Amblyomma variegatum (F.) spread through the Caribbean by cattle transport, small ruminants, and migrating birds. A. variegatum is a vector for Rickettsia africae, the causative agent of African tick bite fever, and Ehrlichia ruminantium, the causative agent of heartwater. We examined 95 A. variegatum and six Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) collected from cattle at an abattoir in Antigua. Engorged tick extracts adsorbed on Nobotu filter paper strips and new nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for E. ruminantium and Dermatophilus congolensis were used to evaluate these ticks for the presence of these pathogenic bacteria. Amblyomma ticks (62.4%) contained R. africae DNA by PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing of the OmpA and 17-kDa antigen genes. Twenty Amblyomma and two Rh. microplus contained E. ruminantium DNA. No E. chaffeensis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Coxiella burnetii, or D. congolensis DNA was detected in these ticks. The continued presence of Am. variegatum in the Caribbean poses a significant risk of infection in cattle with E. ruminantium and in humans by R. africae. Eradication efforts are essential to prevent the further spread of Am. variegatum.
Asymmetric effects of intra- and interspecific competition on a pond-breeding salamander

A fundamental goal of evolutionary ecology is to understand how asymmetric competition influences phenotype expression, yet few studies have quantified the relative effects of intra- and interspecific competition on phenotypes. We examined the effects of intra- and interspecific larval competition on both discrete and continuous phenotype expression of the facultatively paedomorphic mole salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum). We manipulated the density and frequency of larval A. talpoideum and a common competitor, the spotted salamander (A. maculatum), in experimental mesocosms within a response surface design. The production of discrete ontogenetic morphs (metamorphs, paedomorphs, and overwintering larvae) was affected more by intraspecific than interspecific competition, but the effect varied between morphs. Paedomorph and metamorph production were more strongly affected by intraspecific than interspecific competition, while the production of overwintering larvae was affected by each type of competition app.
Bootstrapping M-estimators for reducing errors due to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation

Mobile positioning is made difficult by nonsymmetric contamination of measured time-of-arrival (TOA) data caused by non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation. In this letter, a robust NLOS error mitigation algorithm based on Bootstrapping M-estimation is proposed without prior NLOS error distribution. A simulation comparison is performed in different channel environments between the proposed algorithm and two additional ones (least-square and Huber estimator). The proposed algorithm clearly outperforms the other two.
Diagnostic laparoscopy decreases the rate of unnecessary laparotomies and reduces hospital costs in trauma patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The use of laparoscopy for the treatment of various surgical diseases has been well described, and recently, it has gained popularity in the evaluation of abdominal trauma patients. The value of diagnostic laparoscopy (DL) in avoiding unnecessary laparotomies and its effects on hospital costs was evaluated in a prospective clinical trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a 48-month period, 99 hemodynamically stable abdominal trauma patients (28 blunt and 71 penetrating injuries) among 428 patients admitted with abdominal trauma in whom the decision for surgical exploration was made were accepted for the study and underwent DL prior to laparotomy. RESULTS The DL was negative in 60.7% of the patients with blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) and in 62.0% of the patients with penetrating abdominal trauma (PAT). Laparoscopy-positive patients (Group 1) underwent immediate laparotomy, whereas on DL-negative patients (Group 2), no laparotomies were performed. Hospitalization times and hospital costs of the two groups were recorded and compared. The difference between the hospitalization times of Group 1 and Group 2 was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The use of DL reduced the rate of unnecessary laparotomies from 60.7% to 0 in BAT and from 78.9% to 16.9% in PAT. The mean hospitalization time was 2.75 +/- 1.20 days in patients with negative DL, whereas it was 7.4 +/- 2.20 days and 5.2 +/- 1.42 days in DL-positive patients undergoing a therapeutic and nontherapeutic laparotomy, respectively. When the hospital costs of the Group 1 patients were compared with those of Group 2 patients, there was a 4.07-fold increase in patients undergoing therapeutic laparotomy and a 1.78-fold increase in patients undergoing nontherapeutic laparotomy. CONCLUSION Diagnostic laparoscopy might be used in selected patients to exclude significant intra-abdominal injuries.
Heterogeneous Disease Trajectories Explain Variable Radiographic, Function and Quality of Life Outcomes in the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH)

Our objective was to identify distinct trajectories of disease activity state (DAS) and assess variation in radiographic progression, function and quality of life over the first two years of early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA). The CATCH (Canadian early ArThritis CoHort) is a prospective study recruiting ERA patients from academic and community rheumatology clinics in Canada. Sequential DAS28 scores were used to identify five mutually exclusive groups in the cohort (n = 1,586) using growth-based trajectory modeling. Distinguishing baseline sociodemographic and disease variables, treatment required, and differences in radiographic progression and quality of life measures over two years were assessed. The trajectory groups are characterized as: Group 1 (20%) initial high DAS improving rapidly to remission (REM); Group 2 (21%) initial moderate DAS improving rapidly to REM; Group 3 (30%) initial moderate DAS improving gradually to low DAS; Group 4 (19%) initial high DAS improving continuously to low DAS; and Group 5 (10%) initial high DAS improving gradually only to moderate DAS. Groups differed significantly in age, sex, race, education, employment, income and presence of comorbidities. Group 5 had persistent steroid requirements and the highest biologic therapy use. Group 2 had lower odds (OR 0.22, 95%CI 0.09 to 0.58) and Group 4 higher odds (OR 1.94, 95%CI 0.90 to 4.20) of radiographic progression compared to Group 1. Group 1 had the best improvement in physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire 1.08 (SD 0.68) units), Physical Component Score (16.4 (SD 10.2) units), Mental Component Score (9.7 (SD 12.5) units) and fatigue (4.1 (SD 3.3) units). In conclusion, distinct disease activity state trajectories explain variable outcomes in ERA. Early prediction of disease course to tailor therapy and addressing social determinants of health could optimize outcomes.
RADICAL CHANGE ACCIDENTALLY: THE EMERGENCE AND AMPLIFICATION OF SMALL CHANGE

A decision to offer breakfast to homeless people led to radical change in a church and its environment. Existing theories of change do not fully explain observations from our qualitative study; however, complexity theory constructs suggest how and why such change emerged. We offer four key findings. First, the radical change was unintended, emergent, and slow. Second, destabilizing conditions helped small changes to emerge and become radical. Third, subsequent actions amplified an initial small change and, though not intended to do so, promoted radical change. Finally, the dynamic interaction of amplifying actions, contextual conditions, and small changes led to continuous radical change.
An Aqueous-Ethanol Extract of Liriope spicata var. prolifera Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy through Suppression of Renal Inflammation

The tuberous root of Liriope spicata var. prolifera (TRLS; Liliaceae family) is valued for the ability to promote glucose homeostasis, and it may therefore be utilized as an adjuvant therapy in the control of diabetic complications. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of an aqueous ethanol extract from TRLS (TRLS-ext) (100 or 200 mg kg−1 per day for eight weeks) on rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN). Renal dysfunction in diabetic rats was ameliorated by TRLS-ext as evidenced by reduced creatinine clearance, as well as increased blood urea nitrogen and proteinuria. Treatment with TRLS-ext was found to markedly improve histological architecture in the diabetic kidney. Hyperglycemia induced degradation of inhibitory kappa B and reduced nuclear factor kappa B activation, leading to increased infiltration of macrophages and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α. All of the above abnormalities were reversed by TRLS-ext treatment, which also decreased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and fibronectin in the diabetic kidneys. These findings provide a perspective on the renoprotective effects of TRLS-ext in DN.
Consumption pattern and consumers' opinion toward street food in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand.

Street food in NST province is crucial for the people due to the changing of lifestyles. The consumers demand enhances the number of street vendors in the province. Nevertheless, there are vendors that are not practicing good hygienic compared to other province. The objectives of this study are to identify the pattern of street food consumption, and consumers’ opinion towards the street food. Observation and in-depth interview were used to collect data. Ten respondents with various demographic backgrounds were interviewed on their experiences, and opinions toward street food. The data found that the street food consuming pattern was formed in six major themes: consumer characteristic, type of food, location, time of consuming, ways to consume and reasons of consuming. Additionally, the study also declared consumer’s opinion on the problems related to street food. The finding aims local authority to have more understanding on the culture of street food consumption, and the problems that have been existed to find the appropriate improvement, and do not induce any conflict between local authority with street vendors and authority with consumers.
Dynamic Simulations on the Arachidonic Acid Metabolic Network

Drug molecules not only interact with specific targets, but also alter the state and function of the associated biological network. How to design drugs and evaluate their functions at the systems level becomes a key issue in highly efficient and low–side-effect drug design. The arachidonic acid metabolic network is the network that produces inflammatory mediators, in which several enzymes, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), have been used as targets for anti-inflammatory drugs. However, neither the century-old nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs nor the recently revocatory Vioxx have provided completely successful anti-inflammatory treatment. To gain more insights into the anti-inflammatory drug design, the authors have studied the dynamic properties of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic network in human polymorphous leukocytes. Metabolic flux, exogenous AA effects, and drug efficacy have been analyzed using ordinary differential equations. The flux balance in the AA network was found to be important for efficient and safe drug design. When only the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor was used, the flux of the COX-2 pathway was increased significantly, showing that a single functional inhibitor cannot effectively control the production of inflammatory mediators. When both COX-2 and 5-LOX were blocked, the production of inflammatory mediators could be completely shut off. The authors have also investigated the differences between a dual-functional COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitor and a mixture of these two types of inhibitors. Their work provides an example for the integration of systems biology and drug discovery.
Explorer 11-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 contributes to the balance between 7-keto-and 7-hydroxy-oxysterols in vivo

11b-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11bHSD1; EC 1.1.1.146) generates active glucocorticoids from inert 11-keto metabolites. However, it can also metabolize alternative substrates, including 7bhydroxyand 7-keto-cholesterol (7bOHC, 7KC). This has been demonstrated in vitro but its consequences in vivo are uncertain. We used genetically modified mice to investigate the contribution of 11bHSD1 to the balance of circulating levels of 7KC and 7bOHC in vivo, and dissected in vitro the kinetics of the interactions between oxysterols and glucocorticoids for metabolism by the mouse enzyme. Circulating levels of 7KC and 7bOHC in mice were 91.3 22.3 and 22.6 5.7 nM respectively, increasing to 1240 220 and 406 39 nM in ApoE / mice receiving atherogenic western diet. Disruption of 11bHSD1 in mice increased (p < 0.05) the 7KC/7bOHC ratio in plasma (by 20%) and also in isolated microsomes (2 fold). The 7KC/7bOHC ratio was similarly increased when NADPH generation was restricted by disruption of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Reduction and oxidation of 7-oxysterols by murine 11bHSD1 proceeded more slowly and substrate affinity was lower than for glucocorticoids. in vitro 7bOHC was a competitive inhibitor of oxidation of corticosterone (Ki = 0.9 mM), whereas 7KC only weakly inhibited reduction of 11-dehydrocorticosterone. However, supplementation of 7-oxysterols in cultured cells, secondary to cholesterol loading, preferentially slowed reduction of glucocorticoids, rather than oxidation. Thus, in mouse, 11bHSD1 influenced the abundance and balance of circulating and tissue levels of 7bOHC and 7KC, promoting reduction of 7KC. In health, 7-oxysterols are unlikely to regulate glucocorticoid metabolism. However, in hyperlipidaemia, 7-oxysterols may inhibit glucocorticoid metabolism and modulate signaling through corticosteroid receptors. 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Hospitalized children’s representations of their relationship with nurses and doctors

This article reports an explorative study which aims to investigate hospitalized children’s views of their relationships with nurses and doctors. Twenty-seven school-aged children and adolescents from 6 to 15 years old in the paediatric haematology and oncology ward of an Italian hospital participated in the study. Each participant was asked to draw him or herself with a doctor or nurse from the ward while they were doing something. The drawings were analysed using Pictorial Assessment of Interpersonal Relationships (PAIR) and a qualitative analysis. The results showed that the participants viewed their relationships with health professionals positively, in particular with the nurses. This relationship was perceived as close, intimate, cohesive and without conflict. In some cases it became an emotional bond. Finally, this relationship helped the patients to cope with painful and uncomfortable medical procedures, which gradually became familiar and accepted. The clinical implications of this study are discussed.
Generalizing from Laboratory to Field Settings: Research Findings from Industrial-Organizational Psychology, Organizational Behavior, and Human Resource Management.

If you believe that college sophomores are not real people arid that laboratory results don't generalize to the real world, this book may change your mind. However, if you have persisted in this belief despite previous arguments by Weick (1965), Fromkin and Streufert (1976), Berkowitz and Donnerstein (1982), and Mook (1983), an empirical, inductive approach to the laboratory/field issue may not convince you either. That's the approach that Ed Locke has taken in putting together this collection of eleven studies from the fields of organizational behavior, industrial/organizational psychology, and human resource management. Locke sets the stage in the introduction by asking the question, "How do we know that we cannot generalize from laboratory to field settings? " He suggests that it is an empirical question, one that cannot be argued deductively, but, rather, one that must be approached inductively.