Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new system for classifying accessory canal morphology

Thorough knowledge of anatomical complexities of the root canal system has a direct impact on the effectiveness of canal preparation and filling, and is an essential prerequisite for successful root canal treatment. A wide range of complex variations in root canal anatomy exists, including root canal configuration type, developmental anomalies and minor canal morphology such as accessory canals and apical deltas. Accessory canals and apical deltas have been associated with pulp disease, primary canal infection, canal reinfection and post-treatment disease. The current definitions of accessory canal anatomy are not standardized and potentially confusing. Given their role in endodontic disease and their impact on treatment outcomes, there is a need to have a simple classification of their anatomy to provide an accurate description of their position and path from the canal to the external surface of the root. The purpose of this article is to introduce a new system for classifying accessory canal morphology for use in research, clinical practice and training.
APAQ at Twenty: A Documentary Analysis

This paper reports both the contents and key developmental activities of Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly over its second decade of publication (1994-2003). The first section describes the contents of Volumes 11-20 relative to the number of articles by journal section, science area, disability category, and country. These data are compared to selected data reported for the journal’s first decade (1984-1993) of publication by Reid and Broadhead (1995). The second section describes developmental activities pertaining to enhancing the journal’s international quality through selected writings, impact factor recognition, editorial board membership, and guest reviewer database development.
Demonstration of an OLA-based Cooperative Routing Protocol in an Indoor Environment

Concurrent cooperative transmission (CCT) is a cooperative transmission (CT) technique, also known as distributed transmit diversity, where a collection of single-antenna nodes induce a signal-to-noise-ratio advantage in a receiver by transmitting multiple copies of the same message, at the same time, in multiple diversity channels. CCT has been considered in many physical layer system studies including realistic demonstrations, which presented cooperative diversity gain in terms of error rate improvement or range extension. However, there have been very few attempts to evaluate CCT-based network routing schemes on a testbed with consideration of the overheads and challenges that CCT poses to the higher layers. In this paper, we compare the OLAROAD cooperative routing protocol with the conventional Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol, on an ad hoc network of software defined radios. OLAROAD is based on a physical layer that forms opportunistic large arrays (OLAs). We evaluate the performance of the protocols on a linear network topology in a typical office building in terms of hop count, round trip time, packet delivery ratio and route discovery time, so that the advantages and disadvantages of CCT-based routing algorithm may be observed.
Attachment to pets and interpersonal relationships: Can a four-legged friend replace a two-legged one?

The goal of the present research is to investigate pet attachment and measure the connection between owner-pet attachment and interpersonal attachment characteristics of dog owners and cat owners, social support and loneliness. From a sample of 268 dog and 97 cat owners, significant differences on pet attachment appeared between pet owners’ gender, owners living location, kinds of pets and the length of ownership. The pedigree of pets influenced owner-pet attachment levels.
Comparing Changes in Content Knowledge Between Online ProBLem Based Learning and Traditional Instruction in Undergraduate Health Professional Students

Problem Based Learning (PBL), a student centered instructional strategy, has been used as an effective pedagogical technique in the education of health care professionals to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. PBL has also been proposed as an instructional method that provides for active and collaborative learning in the online environment. Current research is inconclusive regarding the effect of PBL on content knowledge change. Furthermore self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) and motivation have been identified as attributes that may affect student success in PBL and online learning environments. This study investigated changes in content knowledge after participation in an online PBL module or traditional instruction in an undergraduate nutrition course. The study also examined the relationships between student SDLR and motivation and content knowledge change. The findings of this study indicated that online PBL was as effective as traditional instruction in promoting content knowledge change. Student attributes of SDLR and motivation did not affect the observed change in content knowledge.
MANEJO DEL AGUA DE RIEGO EN EL CULTIVO DE ARROZ (Oryza sativa L.) POR TRASPLANTE, SU EFECTO EN EL RENDIMIENTO AGRÍCOLA E INDUSTRIAL

Rice cultivation transplant traditionally spends most of its life cycle with flooding and exhibits high adaptability to these conditions, consequently its production consumes a lot of water, although less than in the cultivation by direct seeding. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation water management in the agricultural and industrial yield of rice transplanting technology. Plants remained in flooded conditions throughout the cycle and plants undergoing suspension of the water surface for a period of 15 at three different times tillering stage were evaluated. The suspension of the water level increased agricultural yields between 16 and 32 % over the flooded control and industrial yield was 67 % on average. The highest percentage of whole grains were obtained in the treatments under suspension of the sheet, achieving the best results with the suspension at 30 DDT. This operation allows water savings of approximately 1 931,4 m3 ha-1, for the flooded treatment. The water saved would increase the area under irrigation by 11,19 % for rice cultivation.
Microtubules and their protofilaments in the flagellum of an insect spermatozoon.

Spermatozoa of stick insects have nine accessory tubules, which surround the nine outer microtubular doublets and the two inner microtubular singlets. When fixed in a fixative that was designed to minimize protein denaturation (glutaraldehyde and tannic acid, no osmium post-fixation but block staining with uranyl acetate in water) the accessory tubules were seen to contain 17 protofilaments of the same type as those in the 9 + 2 microtubular doublets and singlets. The protofilaments in accessory tubules and other microtubules were roughly triangular. When studied by Markham's photographic method a somewhat different tilt of the two longer sides was seen; this makes it possible to distinguish a polarity in the microtubules, i.e. to differentiate between a microtubule that is viewed from its (-)end to its (+)end from one that is viewed in the opposite direction. The dynein arms of the doublets can be used as an independent type of marker for the polarity. In a computer-aided analysis of the fine structure of the tail axoneme, the A-subtubules of the outer doublets were seen to be not quite equidistant; rather, there were somewhat widened electron-dense interspaces in the ring of protofilaments in four places. The locations of these widened interspaces coincide with the attachment sites for the spoke, the inner dynein arm, the outer dynein arm, and the intertubular material. It is tentatively concluded that proteins of these structures, and perhaps also other microtubule-associated proteins, may be anchored deep within the wall of a microtubule rather than just superficially along it.
Multiple pathologies are common and related to dementia in the oldest-old

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of multiple pathologies in the expression of dementia in the oldest-old. Methods: A total of 183 participants of The 90+ Study with longitudinal follow-up and autopsy were included in this clinical-pathologic investigation. Eight pathologic diagnoses (Alzheimer disease [AD], microinfarcts, hippocampal sclerosis, macroinfarcts, Lewy body disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, white matter disease, and others) were dichotomized. We estimated the odds of dementia in relation to each individual pathologic diagnosis and to the total number of diagnoses. We also examined dementia severity in relation to number of pathologic diagnoses. Results: The presence of multiple pathologic diagnoses was common and occurred more frequently in those with dementia compared with those without dementia (45% vs 14%). Higher numbers of pathologic diagnoses were also associated with greater dementia severity. Participants with intermediate/high AD pathology alone were 3 times more likely to have dementia (odds ratio = 3.5), but those with single non-AD pathologies were 12 times more likely to have dementia (odds ratio = 12.4). When a second pathology was present, the likelihood of dementia increased 4-fold in those with intermediate/high AD pathology but did not change in those with non-AD pathologies, suggesting that pathologies may interrelate in different ways. Conclusions: In the oldest-old, the presence of multiple pathologies is associated with increased likelihood and severity of dementia. The effect of the individual pathologies may be additive or perhaps synergistic and requires further research. Multiple pathologies will need to be targeted to reduce the burden of dementia in the population.
Mediation in a family-directed program for prevention of adolescent tobacco and alcohol use.

BACKGROUND Family Matters is a universal intervention designed to prevent adolescent tobacco and alcohol use through involvement of family members and by targeting family risk factors for tobacco and alcohol use. Previously reported findings suggest that the program reduced the prevalence of both adolescent smoking and drinking in the 12 months after program completion. This paper reports analyses conducted to identify the mediators through which the program influenced adolescent smoking and drinking. METHODS One thousand fourteen adolescents ages 12 to 14 years and their families, identified by random-digit dialing, were entered into a randomized trial. Adolescents and their parents provided data by telephone for measuring mediator and behavioral variables at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months after program completion. Repeated-measures logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to assess mediation processes. RESULTS The program resulted in statistically significant changes in several substance-specific aspects of the family, such as rule setting about tobacco and alcohol use. However, the intermediate family effects did not account for the program effects on adolescent behavior. CONCLUSIONS The variables hypothesized to explain program effects were not identified by direct empirical examination.
Publication bias in meta-analyses of the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions for depression.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether systematic reviews investigating psychotherapeutic interventions for depression are affected by publication bias. Only homogeneous data sets were included, as heterogeneous data sets can distort statistical tests of publication bias. METHOD We applied Begg and Mazumdar's adjusted rank correlation test, Egger's regression analysis, and the trim and fill procedure to assess the presence and magnitude of publication bias in all homogeneous data sets of systematic reviews published up to September 2010. RESULTS Thirty-one data sets reported in 19 meta-analyses fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Significant bias was detected in 5 (16.13%; rank correlation test) and 6 (19.35%; Egger's regression analysis) of these data sets. Applying the trim and fill procedure to amend presumably missing studies rarely changed the assessment of the efficacy of therapeutic interventions, with 2 exceptions. In 1 data set psychotherapy was no longer found to be significantly more efficacious than pharmacotherapy in reducing dropout at posttreatment when publication bias was taken into account. In the 2nd data set, after correcting for publication bias, there was no longer evidence that depressed patients without comorbid personality disorder profited more from psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy than patients with comorbid personality disorder. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that taken together, psychotherapy research for depression is only marginally affected by the selective reporting of positive outcomes. With 2 notable exceptions, correcting for publication bias did not change the evaluation of the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions.
Periodontal disease as a potential risk factor for acute coronary syndromes.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether there is a relationship between active periodontal disease (PD) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). METHODS Three hundred and sixty-one patients (57,3% male), ages ranging from 27 to 89 (mean +/- DP = 60.5 +/- 12.2), were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of a Teaching Hospital with symptoms and complementary examinations consistent with acute coronary syndrome. All the patients had a complete periodontal examination in the ICU setting, and 325 (90.9%) underwent coronary angiography for diagnostic confirmation and/or treatment planning. Periodontal examination included evaluation of all the teeth in the oral cavity and the following parameters: probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and gingival index. RESULTS Of the 325 patients, 91 (28%) had coronary arteries free of obstruction or with mild obstructions (< 50% diameter stenosis), and the remaining 72% had severe obstructions. Fisher's exact text yielded a p value of 0.0245 with an odds ratio of 2.571 (95% CI 1.192 to 5.547), meaning that the group with ACS and significant obstructive coronary artery disease was 2.5-fold more likely to have active PD. CONCLUSION A significant association was found between active periodontal disease and severe obstructive coronary artery in patients with acute coronary syndrome, underscoring the importance of prevention and adequate treatment of periodontal disease, which should be considered as a potential risk factor in the etiology and instability of the atherosclerotic plaque.
INTERPRETING THE DISABILITY GROUND OF THE ABORTION ACT

“NOT only would it be a bold and brave judge … who would seek to interfere with the discretion of doctors acting under the Abortion Act 1967, but I think he would really be a foolish judge who would try to do any such thing, unless, possibly, where there is clear bad faith and an obvious attempt to perpetrate a criminal offence. ” So said Sir George Baker P. in Paton v. B.P.A.S. and his view has been repeated at apposite judicial moments in subsequent cases. Recently, however, a legal attempt was indeed made to question the discretion of doctors in Jepson v. The Chief Constable of West Mercia Police Constabulary. Reverend Joanna Jepson asked the West Mercia Police to investigate doctors who had authorised an abortion for bilateral cleft lip and palate at 28 weeks under the disability ground of the Abortion Act 1967 (as amended by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990). Abortion is legal under that section if two doctors have formed an opinion in good faith that “there is a substantial risk that if the child were born it would suffer from such physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped”.
Use of Responsibility Accounting and Measure the Satisfaction Levels of Service Organizations in Bangladesh

This study examines which type of responsibility accounting system is being practiced in different types of service organizations in Bangladesh and also focuses on the satisfaction level of responsibility accounting system. To achieve these purposes total eighty eight service organizations have been surveyed. Findings reveal that no service organization follows a unique type of responsibility accounting system among functional-based, activity-based and strategic-based responsibility accounting systems. The satisfaction levels regarding four elements of responsibility accounting system among five types of service organization are same except responsibility centre. Logit model is used to examine the influence of variables on the dichotomous dependent variable. The result indicates that satisfaction of overall responsibility accounting system is influenced by satisfaction of assignment of responsibility, performance measurement techniques and reward system. And the overall satisfaction levels of different types of service organization are in satisfied level.
Universal Consistency of Multi-Class Support Vector Classification

Steinwart was the first to prove universal consistency of support vector machine classification. His proof analyzed the 'standard' support vector machine classifier, which is restricted to binary classification problems. In contrast, recent analysis has resulted in the common belief that several extensions of SVM classification to more than two classes are inconsistent. Countering this belief, we prove the universal consistency of the multi-class support vector machine by Crammer and Singer. Our proof extends Steinwart's techniques to the multi-class case.
Validation of the Korean Version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms

Objective Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) has recently been developed to improve measurement of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. We performed a multi-center study to validate the Korean version of the CAINS (CAINS-K) and explore potential cultural variation. Methods One hundred eighty schizophrenia patients diverse in demographic and illness profile were recruited from four centers in Korea. Along with the CAINS-K, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), a self-report measure of behavioral inhibition and activation (BIS/BAS) and neurocognitive tasks were administered to verify external validities. Results The CAINS-K showed high internal-consistency (0.92) and inter-rater reliability (0.77). Exploratory Factor Analysis replicated a two-factor structure of the original scale including motivation/pleasure and expression deficits dimensions. Korean patients tended to report lower pleasure compared to American patients in the prior study. The CAINS-K showed an adequate convergent validity with the SANS, negative symptoms of the BPRS, and BAS. A divergent validity was supported as the CAINS-K showed zero or only weak correlations with other symptoms of the BPRS, depression from the CDSS, and neurocognitive tasks. Conclusion The CAINS-K demonstrated high internal consistency and adequate external validities, and is expected to promote studies on negative symptoms in Korean patients with schizophrenia.
Peroxidase Catalyzed Decontamination of Water Polluted with 2,4-Dichlorophenols in Presence of Algae and Plant Materials

Plants and algae were found useful in the decontamination of water polluted with chlorinated phenolic compounds. An artificial wastewater con- taminated with up to 350 ppm herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), was successfully treated using horseradish, potato and Ulva sp. (sea lettuce), amended with H 2 O 2 . Horseradish -mediated provided up to 99% removal of 2,4-DCP from model solution, while, purified horseradish peroxidase provided up to 95%. Due to the apparent ease of application, the use of plant material may present a breakthrough in the enzyme treatment of contaminated water.
Differential association and substance use: Assessing the roles of discriminant validity, socialization, and selection in traditional empirical tests

Although the correlation between personal and perceived peer substance use remains among the strongest in criminology, the discriminant validity of personal and perceived peer measures remains to be formally tested via confirmatory factor analysis. Further, only limited research has attempted to discern whether substance users seek out similar others rather than being influenced by the substance use that they perceive among their peers. Finally, research has yet to isolate, via panel analysis, the reciprocal relationship between personal substance use and perceived peer attitudes. The present study addresses each of these issues using National Youth Survey data. Results reveal that personal substance-related behavior and perceived peer behavior/attitudes bear only minimal discriminant validity and that, as predicted by Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of Crime, selection provides a better explanation of their correlation than does socialization.
Liposome-Encapsulated Bacteriophages for Enhanced Oral Phage Therapy against Salmonella spp

ABSTRACT Bacteriophages UAB_Phi20, UAB_Phi78, and UAB_Phi87 were encapsulated in liposomes, and their efficacy in reducing Salmonella in poultry was then studied. The encapsulated phages had a mean diameter of 309 to 326 nm and a positive charge between +31.6 and +35.1 mV (pH 6.1). In simulated gastric fluid (pH 2.8), the titer of nonencapsulated phages decreased by 5.7 to 7.8 log units, whereas encapsulated phages were significantly more stable, with losses of 3.7 to 5.4 log units. The liposome coating also improved the retention of bacteriophages in the chicken intestinal tract. When cocktails of the encapsulated and nonencapsulated phages were administered to broilers, after 72 h the encapsulated phages were detected in 38.1% of the animals, whereas the nonencapsulated phages were present in only 9.5%. The difference was significant. In addition, in an in vitro experiment, the cecal contents of broilers promoted the release of the phages from the liposomes. In broilers experimentally infected with Salmonella, the daily administration of the two cocktails for 6 days postinfection conferred similar levels of protection against Salmonella colonization. However, once treatment was stopped, protection by the nonencapsulated phages disappeared, whereas that provided by the encapsulated phages persisted for at least 1 week, showing the enhanced efficacy of the encapsulated phages in protecting poultry against Salmonella over time. The methodology described here allows the liposome encapsulation of phages of different morphologies. The preparations can be stored for at least 3 months at 4°C and could be added to the drinking water and feed of animals.
Can friendships be formed over the internet? A qualitative investigation of young people’s experiences of online social interactions

As technology evolves, the internet is increasingly becoming a frequently used medium through which friendships are formed (Amichai-Hamburger et al, 2013), especially in niche communities (McKenna et al, 2002). The research aimed to discover how the internet has shaped the social processes of young people and address the question of whether online contact can lead to ‘true’ friendships. Five males aged eighteen to twenty-two participated in a semi-structured interview conducted over Skype, discussing their personal experiences of online friendships. The transcribed data was analysed with interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith and Osborn, 2012) and secondary coding produced the four subordinate themes of initial friendship formation, ‘community spirit’ and communal activities, social support and interactions between online and offline. Findings suggest that the internet is an acceptable source of social compensation for introverts and that true close friendships can be developed through this medium.