Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Near-Optimum Sparse Channel Estimation Based on Least Squares and Approximate Message Passing

Accurately estimating the sparse channel with sequential under-sampled received signal is a challenging problem in broadband wireless communication systems, especially when prior knowledge of the sparsity level and the probability distribution of the sparse channel is unavailable. A joint least-squares (LS) and approximate-message-passing (AMP) algorithm based on sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) model, named LS-AMP-SBL, is proposed to approach the optimal performance given by Oracle-LS, where Oracle-LS requires exact knowledge of the support of the sparse channel. The proposed algorithm has three steps. First, AMP-SBL estimates the sparse channel iteratively until convergence. Then, based on the coarse estimated channel of the first step and an adaptable threshold derived from the effective noise level, the support of the sparse channel can be detected with a high probability. The third step is to estimate the sparse channel using LS with the estimated support from the second step. By introducing a proper and adaptable threshold based on AMP-SBL operation, the proposed scheme is capable of accurately detecting the support of the spare channel, and thus achieves a near-optimal performance but with a much lower complexity than both simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit and basic pursuit. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed LS-AMP-SBL can approach the performance bound given by Oracle-LS.
Nonlinearities of organic electro-optic materials in nanoscale slots and implications for the optimum modulator design.

The performance of highly nonlinear organic electro-optic (EO) materials incorporated into nanoscale slots is examined. It is shown that EO coefficients as large as 190 pm/V can be obtained in 150 nm wide plasmonic slot waveguides but that the coefficients decrease for narrower slots. Possible mechanism that lead to such a decrease are discussed. Monte-Carlo computer simulations are performed, confirming that chromophore-surface interactions are one important factor influencing the EO coefficient in narrow plasmonic slots. These highly nonlinear materials are of particular interest for applications in optical modulators. However, in modulators the key parameters are the voltage-length product UπL and the insertion loss rather than the linear EO coefficients. We show record-low voltage-length products of 70 Vµm and 50 Vµm for slot widths in the order of 50 nm for the materials JRD1 and DLD164, respectively. This is because the nonlinear interaction is enhanced in narrow slot and thereby compensates for the reduced EO coefficient. Likewise, it is found that lowest insertion losses are observed for slot widths in the range 60 to 100 nm.
Pilot study on the additive effects of berberine and oral type 2 diabetes agents for patients with suboptimal glycemic control

Background Suboptimal glycemic control is a common situation in diabetes, regardless of the wide range of drugs available to reach glycemic targets. Basic research in diabetes is endeavoring to identify new actives working as insulin savers, use of which could delay the introduction of injectable insulin or reduce the insulin dose needed. Commonly available as a nutraceutical, berberine is a potential candidate. Methods and results Because its low oral bioavailability can be overcome by P-glycoprotein inhibitors like herbal polyphenols, we have tested the nutraceutical combination of Berberis aristata extract and Silybum marianum extract (Berberol®) in type 2 diabetes in terms of its additive effect when combined with a conventional oral regimen for patients with suboptimal glycemic control. After 90 days of treatment, the nutraceutical association had a positive effect on glycemic and lipid parameters, significantly reducing glycosylated hemoglobin, basal insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. A relevant effect was also observed in terms of liver function by measuring aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase. The product had a good safety profile, with distinctive gastrointestinal side effects likely due to its acarbose-like action. Conclusion Although further studies should be carried out to confirm our data, Berberol could be considered a good candidate as an adjunctive treatment option in diabetes, especially in patients with suboptimal glycemic control.
Regional comparison and assimilation of GOCART and MODIS aerosol optical depth across the eastern U.S.

This study compares aerosol optical depths (AOD) products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model and their integrated products with ground measurements across the eastern U.S. from March 1, 2000 to December 31, 2001. The Terra MODIS Level‐3 (collection 4) AOD at 0.55 μm has better correlation, but consistently overestimates the values of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements. GOCART has small biases for a 22‐month integration, and slight positive biases appeared for the cold season. These results are also supported by the comparison with the IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) light extinction index. The optimal interpolation improves the daily‐scale RMSE from either MODIS or GOCART alone. However, the regional biases in the aerosol products constitute a major constraint to the optimal estimate of AOD.
Upregulation of CXC chemokine receptor 4-CXC chemokine ligand 12 axis ininvasive breast carcinoma: A potent biomarker predicting lymph node metastasis

Objective: Breast cancer is considered as a heterogeneous disease, characterized by different biological and phenotypic features which make its diagnosis and treatment challenging. The CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression was found to be correlated with poor overall survival in invasive breast carcinoma patients. Here, we sought to investigate the expression levels of the CXCR4-CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) chemokine axis and their association with clinicopathologic features and lymph node metastasis in invasive breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The expression of the CXCR4-CXCL12 chemokine axis and metastasis-related genes (E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase 2 [MMP2]) was measured by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction. The correlation with various clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed. Results: We found upregulation of the CXCR4-CXCL12 chemokine axis in invasive breast carcinoma samples compared with normal adjacent tissues. Moreover, we observed that upregulation of this chemokine axis was correlated with tumor stages and lymph node metastasis of breast tumors. Interestingly, this correlation was affected by the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu. There is also a significant correlation between the expression levels of CXCR4-CXCL12 axis and metastasis-related genes (E-cadherin and MMP2) in tumor samples with advanced stages of metastasis. Conclusion: These results suggest a key role for the CXCR4-CXCL12 chemokine axis in breast cancer progression and highlight the prognostic importance of this chemokine axis for breast cancer survival.
Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus inhibit bladder cancer growth through down-regulation of NFATc1

The functional role of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), a key regulator of the immune response, in bladder cancer progression remains uncertain. In this study, we assessed biological significance of NFAT in human bladder cancer. Immunohistochemistry detected nuclear/cytoplasmic NFATc1 signals in 14 (21.5%)/34 (52.3%), respectively, of 65 muscle-invasive bladder carcinomas and showed that patients with nuclear NFATc1-positive tumor had a significantly higher risk of disease progression (P = 0.006). In bladder cancer cell lines, cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506), immunosuppressant drugs/non-selective NFAT inhibitors, attenuated NFATc1 expression and its nuclear translocation, NFAT transcriptional activity, and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and c-myc, downstream targets of NFATc1. NFAT inhibition via NFATc1-small interfering RNA (siRNA) or treatment with these NFAT inhibitors resulted in decreases in cell viability/colony formation, cell migration/invasion, and the expression/activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as an increase in apoptosis, in the parental/control lines. No significant additional inhibition in the viability and invasion of NFATc1-siRNA cells was seen. In xenograft-bearing mice, CsA and FK506 significantly retarded tumor growth. These results suggest that NFATc1 plays an important role in bladder cancer outgrowth. Thus, NFATc1 inactivation, especially using CsA and FK506, has the potential of being a therapeutic approach for bladder cancer.
NPTX2 and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease

Memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is attributed to pervasive weakening and loss of synapses. Here, we present findings supporting a special role for excitatory synapses connecting pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus and cortex with fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons that control network excitability and rhythmicity. Excitatory synapses on PV interneurons are dependent on the AMPA receptor subunit GluA4, which is regulated by presynaptic expression of the synaptogenic immediate early gene NPTX2 by pyramidal neurons. In a mouse model of AD amyloidosis, Nptx2-/- results in reduced GluA4 expression, disrupted rhythmicity, and increased pyramidal neuron excitability. Postmortem human AD cortex shows profound reductions of NPTX2 and coordinate reductions of GluA4. NPTX2 in human CSF is reduced in subjects with AD and shows robust correlations with cognitive performance and hippocampal volume. These findings implicate failure of adaptive control of pyramidal neuron-PV circuits as a pathophysiological mechanism contributing to cognitive failure in AD. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.23798. 001
Systemically delivered Erythropoietin transiently enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis

Erythropoietin is a primary regulator of erythropoiesis in the hematopoietic system. More recently erythropoietin has been shown to play a role in neurogenesis and provide neurotrophic support to injured CNS tissue. Here the effects of large systemic doses of erythropoietin on basal levels of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice were examined. A 7‐day period of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) administration increased the number of bromodeoxyuridine [BrdU(+)] cells in the sub‐granular zone (SGZ) by 30%. Analysis of cell phenotype revealed an increase in mitotically active doublecortin(+) neuronal progenitor cells and glial fibrillary acidic protein(+) SGZ radial astrocytes/stem cells but not mature S100β(+) astrocytes. These effects appeared to be mediated, in part, by mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling and potentially regulated by suppressor of cytokine signaling‐3. Hippocampal levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐related kinase 42/44 and suppressor of cytokine signaling‐3 were increased 2–6 h after a single systemic rhEPO injection. However, rhEPO had no observed effect on the long‐term survival of new born cells in the SGZ, with similar numbers of BrdU(+) cells and BrdU(+)/NeuN(+) co‐labeled cells after 4 weeks. Therefore, systemically delivered rhEPO transiently increased adult hippocampal neurogenesis without any apparent long‐term effects.
Depressive Symptoms Predict Current E-Cigarette Use Among College Students in Texas

Introduction No studies have examined the longitudinal relationship between e-cigarette use and elevated depressive symptoms among young adults. The main objective of the current study was to establish a potential bi-directional relationship between e-cigarette use and elevated depressive symptoms among college students in Texas, across a 1 year period of time. Methods A survey of 5445 college students in Texas was conducted with 6-month and 1-year follow-ups. A longitudinal cross-lagged model was used to simultaneously examine the bi-directional relationships between current, or past 30-day, e-cigarette use and elevated depressive symptoms across the three study waves. Depressive symptoms were measured using a 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) with a cutpoint of ≥ 10 to measure elevated depressive symptoms. Covariates included baseline age, gender, college type (2- or 4-year), and other alternative tobacco products used. Results E-cigarette use did not predict elevated depressive symptoms at 6-month and 1-year follow-ups. However, depressive symptoms predicted e-cigarette use at both 6-month and 1-year follow-ups. Conclusions The current study indicates that depressive symptoms predict subsequent e-cigarette use and not vice versa. Future studies are needed to replicate current findings and also further establish the mechanisms for causality, which could inform Food and Drug Administration regulatory planning. Implications There has been recent evidence for cross-sectional associations between e-cigarette use and elevated depressive symptoms and mental health problems. There have been no studies examining these associations using longitudinal designs. This study established a temporal relationship, such that elevated depressive symptoms predicted e-cigarette use 6 months later among college students. Future research is needed to establish the mechanisms of association as well as causality.
Standardized Interpretation of Chest Radiographs in Cases of Pediatric Pneumonia From the PERCH Study

Abstract Background. Chest radiographs (CXRs) are a valuable diagnostic tool in epidemiologic studies of pneumonia. The World Health Organization (WHO) methodology for the interpretation of pediatric CXRs has not been evaluated beyond its intended application as an endpoint measure for bacterial vaccine trials. Methods. The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) study enrolled children aged 1–59 months hospitalized with WHO-defined severe and very severe pneumonia from 7 low- and middle-income countries. An interpretation process categorized each CXR into 1 of 5 conclusions: consolidation, other infiltrate, both consolidation and other infiltrate, normal, or uninterpretable. Two members of a 14-person reading panel, who had undertaken training and standardization in CXR interpretation, interpreted each CXR. Two members of an arbitration panel provided additional independent reviews of CXRs with discordant interpretations at the primary reading, blinded to previous reports. Further discordance was resolved with consensus discussion. Results. A total of 4172 CXRs were obtained from 4232 cases. Observed agreement for detecting consolidation (with or without other infiltrate) between primary readers was 78% (κ = 0.50) and between arbitrators was 84% (κ = 0.61); agreement for primary readers and arbitrators across 5 conclusion categories was 43.5% (κ = 0.25) and 48.5% (κ = 0.32), respectively. Disagreement was most frequent between conclusions of other infiltrate and normal for both the reading panel and the arbitration panel (32% and 30% of discordant CXRs, respectively). Conclusions. Agreement was similar to that of previous evaluations using the WHO methodology for detecting consolidation, but poor for other infiltrates despite attempts at a rigorous standardization process.
Case studies on transformer fault diagnosis using dissolved gas analysis

In this paper the results of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) along with details of the DGA data from in-service transformers are discussed. Two case studies are given of which, first case study deals with the detection of the partial discharge and the second case study deals with the detection of thermal fault in transformers at thermal power stations in India. The interpretation of DGA data are conducted using key gas method. The interpretations are validated by the application of gas ratio method. Gas ratio method included in this study are Rogers ratio and Doernenburg ratio.
Sarcoidosis Increases Risk of Hospitalized Infection. A Population‐based Study, 1976‐2013

Rationale: Patients with sarcoidosis may have an increased risk of infection similar to other immune‐mediated disorders. However, the data are still limited. Objectives: To investigate the risk of hospitalized infection among patients with sarcoidosis, using a population‐based cohort. Methods: Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project record‐linkage system, a cohort of incident cases of sarcoidosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota from 1976 to 2013 was identified. Diagnosis was confirmed by individual medical record review. For each patient with sarcoidosis, a sex‐ and age‐matched comparator without sarcoidosis was randomly selected from the same population. Medical records of cases and comparators were individually reviewed for hospitalized infection that occurred after the index date. The cumulative incidence of hospitalized infection overall and by type of infection, adjusted for the competing risk of death, was estimated. Cox models were used to compare the rate of first hospitalized infection between cases and comparators and to evaluate the association between use of immunosuppressive agents and hospitalized infection among cases. Results: Three hundred and forty‐five cases and 345 comparators were identified. Patients with sarcoidosis had a higher risk of a hospitalized infection with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41‐2.84), adjusted for age, sex, and calendar year of index date. Use of oral glucocorticoids was a significant predictor of hospitalized infection with an HR of 3.03 (95% CI, 1.33‐6.90) for oral glucocorticoids not exceeding 10 mg/day and an HR of 4.48 (95% CI, 1.54‐13.03) for oral glucocorticoids greater than 10 mg/day. Conclusions: Patients with sarcoidosis are at increased risk of hospitalized infection. Glucocorticoid therapy is strongly associated with this increased risk.
The effects of HIV disease and older age on laboratory-based, naturalistic, and self-perceived symptoms of prospective memory: does retrieval cue type and delay interval matter?

ABSTRACT There is a rising prevalence of older HIV+ adults who are at risk of deficits in higher order neurocognitive functions and associated problems in everyday functioning. The current study applied multiprocess theory to examine the effects of HIV and aging on measures of laboratory-based, naturalistic, and self-perceived symptoms of prospective memory (PM). Participants included 125 Younger (48 with HIV, age = 32 ± 4.6 years) and 189 Older (112 with HIV, age = 56 ± 4.9 years) adults. Controlling for global neurocognitive functioning, mood, and other demographics, older age and HIV had independent effects on long-delay time-based PM in the laboratory, whereas on a naturalistic PM task older HIV− adults performed better than older HIV+ adults and younger persons. In line with the naturalistic findings, older age, but not HIV, was associated with a relative sparing of self-perceived PM failures in daily life across longer delay self-cued intervals. Findings suggest that, even in relatively younger aging cohorts, the effects of HIV and older age on PM can vary across PM delay intervals by the strategic demands of the retrieval cue type, are expressed differently in the laboratory and in daily life, and are independent of other higher order neurocognitive functions (e.g., retrospective memory).
Reproductive fecundity of Iraqi Awassi ewes immunized against synthetic inhibin-α subunit or steroid-free bovine follicular fluid

Objective The present study was conducted to investigate the impacts of active and passive immunization against synthetic inhibin and steroid-free bovine follicular fluid, respectively, on reproductive fecundity out of breeding season in Iraqi Awassi ewes. Methods Follicular fluid was aspired from mature bovine follicles, treated with activated charcoal, and used for immunization of male rabbits for obtaining steroid free bovine follicular fluid (SFBFF) antiserum. Forty non-pregnant Awassi ewes were allocated into 4 groups (n = 10 each). At day 38 of experiment, ewes were treated with intra-vaginal MPA sponge (60 mg for 12 days). At days 0, 28, and 50, ewes were treated with 4, 2, and 2 mL of normal saline (control; C-ve), 400, 200, and 200 μg of ovalbumin (C+ve), 400, 200 and 200 μg of inhibin (SI group), respectively, and 4 mL of normal saline at day 0, and 4 and 2 mL of SFBFF antiserum at days 28 and 50, respectively, (AI group). After mating with Awassi rams, pregnancy and embryo number were diagnosed, at day 38 of pregnancy, using ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected at days 30, 60, 90, and 120 of pregnancy, for assessment of estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels. After parturition, numbers of delivered lambs were recorded. Results The results revealed significant increase of P4 and significant decrease of E2 levels in SI and AI pregnant ewes than controls at days 30, 60, 90, and 120. Newborn number increased significantly in SI and AI treated than control ewes. Conclusion Active or passive immunization against endogenous inhibin could augment reproductive fecundity out of breeding season in Iraqi Awassi ewes.
Serum procalcitonin levels together with clinical features and inflammatory markers in women with tubo-ovarian abscess for discriminating requirements for surgery for full recovery

Abstract Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) coexists in 15% of cases with pelvic inflammatory disease. Medical treatment is the first line of approach in women with TOA, however, 25% of cases fail to respond to antibiotics, therefore, these cases need to undergo surgical intervention. We aimed to determine factors leading to failure of medical treatment in women diagnosed with TOA. According to our results among 144 women, 27 cases required surgical intervention for full recovery. None of the demographic, sonographic or laboratory findings, including procalcitonin level, had significant predictive value for the failure of medical treatment in women with TOA. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) coexists in 15% of cases with pelvic inflammatory disease. Medical treatment is the first line approach in women with TOA, however, 25% of cases fail to respond to antibiotics, therefore, these cases need to undergo surgical intervention. Several risk factors have been evaluated in order to predict the failure of medical treatment. What do the results of this study add? None of the variables, including age, parity, mass diameter, serum CRP, procalcitonin levels and sedimentation rate had significant value for predicting TOA cases that required surgical intervention for full recovery. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? In clinical practice, identification of risk factors leading to the failure of medical treatment helps clinicians to inform patients and help surgeons predict those who need surgical intervention.