Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Alumina Film Nanomorphology Formed to Improve the Corrosion Resistance of Al-2.0 wt% Fe Alloy as Result of the Laser Surface Melting Technique Applied

The laser surface remelting (LSR) treatment was performed to Al-2.0 wt% Fe alloy with a 2 kW Yb-fiber laser (IPG YLR-2000S). The substrate and laser-treated material characterization were executed using different techniques. Among them, the microstructure was analyzed by optical microscope, SEM, low-angle X-ray diffraction (LAXRD) and the corrosion test was made in aerated solution of 0.1 M H2SO4 at a temperature of 25°C ± 0.5°C. As result was shown, the micrograph of LSR-treated material displaying can be a fine cellular structure and the existence of certain nano-porosities and a similar to a nano-dendritic growth was observed too. The characteristic of melted zone was constituted of metastable phases according to the result of x-rays and the behavior corrosion as a result of the LSR-treated sample, which it was shown to be more resistant to corrosion than the untreated sample. A comparative study was carried out of the cyclic polarization of the laser-treated and untreated samples, demonstrating that the reduction and oxidation reverse peaks were not observed and being the cyclic polarization behavior was of irreversible character in both samples, however, the LSR-treated sample propitious the passivity on the surface also reduced the corrosion phenomena. Wherefore, this type of laser-treated alloy can be applied in the aerospace, aeronautic and automobilist industries.
A Bregman Matrix and the Gradient of Mutual Information for Vector Poisson and Gaussian Channels

A generalization of Bregman divergence is developed and utilized to unify vector Poisson and Gaussian channel models, from the perspective of the gradient of mutual information. The gradient is with respect to the measurement matrix in a compressive-sensing setting, and mutual information is considered for signal recovery and classification. Existing gradient-of-mutual-information results for scalar Poisson models are recovered as special cases, as are known results for the vector Gaussian model. The Bregman-divergence generalization yields a Bregman matrix, and this matrix induces numerous matrix-valued metrics. The metrics associated with the Bregman matrix are detailed, as are its other properties. The Bregman matrix is also utilized to connect the relative entropy and mismatched minimum mean squared error. Two applications are considered: 1) compressive sensing with a Poisson measurement model and 2) compressive topic modeling for analysis of a document corpora (word-count data). In both of these settings, we use the developed theory to optimize the compressive measurement matrix, for signal recovery and classification.
Physiological Effects ofGibberellic Acid Responses ofBarley, Wheat,&

1. BURTON, W. G. 1950. Studies on the dormancy & sprouting of potatoes. I. The oxygen content of the potato tuber. New Phytol. 49: 121-134. 2. DEVAUX, H. 1891. Etude experimentale sur l'aeration des tissus massifs. Ann. Sci. Natur. , Septieme Serie, Botan. 14: 297-395. 3. LATIES, G. G. 1957. Respiration & cellular work & the regulation of the respiration rate in plants. Survey of Biol. Progr. 3: 215-299. 4. LATIEs, G. G. 1962. Controlling influence of thickness on development & type of respiratory actix ity in potato slices. Plant Physiol. 37: 679-690.
Predictors of progression in patients with Friedreich ataxia

Friedreich ataxia is an inherited, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that is clinically heterogeneous. It is caused by a trinucleotide (GAA) repeat expansion resulting in frataxin loss and oxidative stress. We assessed clinical features including the development of cardiomyopathy and scoliosis and disease progression including loss of ambulation and interference with activities of daily living relative to the length of the GAA repeat, age of onset, and age of diagnosis in a retrospective cohort study of 61 genetically confirmed patients. The use of antioxidants such as vitamins, dietary supplements, and idebenone was also examined. Linear regression and Cox proportional hazard models assessed predictors to disease milestones. The shorter GAA allele accounted for part of the variability in the age of diagnosis (46%) and less in the age of onset (27%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age at diagnosis, which may incorporate other genetic and environmental factors, is more important than GAA length in predicting cardiomyopathy, scoliosis, and disease progression. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Conditions for optimality of scalar feedback quantization

This paper presents novel results on scalar feedback quantization (SFQ) with uniform quantizers. We focus on general SFQ configurations where reconstruction is via a linear combination of frame vectors. Using a deterministic approach, we derive two necessary and sufficient conditions for SFQ to be optimal, i.e., to produce, for every input, a quantized sequence that is a global minimizer of the 2-norm of the reconstruction error. The first optimality condition is related to the design of the feedback quantizer, and can always be achieved. The second condition depends only on the reconstruction vectors, and is given explicitly in terms of the Gram matrix of the reconstruction frame. As a by-product, we also show that the the first condition alone characterizes scalar feedback quantizers that yield the smallest MSE, when one models quantization noise as uncorrelated, identically distributed random variables.
Vaccine strategies against Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated diseases: lessons from studies on cytotoxic T‐cell‐mediated immune regulation

Summary: Development of a vaccine against Epstein‐Barr virus (HBV) is constrained by the latency phenotypes adopted by different EBV‐associated diseases. Over the last few years an immense body of information on the pattern of viral gene expression in EBV‐associated diseases and the rote of cytotoxic T cells in the control of these diseases has accumulated. It would seem reasonable to suggest that emerging technologies are at a level where vaccine trials aimed at controlling infectious mononucleosis, post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkln's disease are justified. On the other hand, a more cautious approach may be required for the development of vaccines or immunotherapeutic strategies against Burkitt's lymphoma.
Generic operational characteristics of piezoelectric transformers

The universal attributes of piezoelectric transformers (PTs) were derived by an approximate analysis that yielded closed form equations relating the normalized load resistance to the voltage gain, output power per unit drive and efficiency. It is suggested that the closed form formulae developed in this study could be invaluable when studying, specifying and designing practical PT applications.
Management of patients with systemic mastocytosis: Review of M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience

Mastocytosis is characterized by mast cell proliferation that may be limited to the skin (cutaneous mastocytosis) or may involve one or more extracutaneous organs, e.g., the bone marrow (systemic mastocytosis; SM). This study objective is to evaluate the features and outcome of patients referred to M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) with SM. A search of the MDACC database from 1944 to 2002 was conducted for patients with SM and review of their clinical charts. Eighteen patients with mastocytosis were identified in the MDACC database; 15 (11 males and 4 females) had SM and available information. Two had associated myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and one had acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The median age was 58 years (range 31–80). Nine patients were treated with subcutaneous interferon‐alpha, and only 1 experienced temporary control of the disease. Three of these patients were then treated with imatinib mesylate: transient improvement was noted in two patients. One patient underwent stem cell transplantation as first therapy and achieved complete remission; this patient had associated MDS and is now in complete remission for 8 years. The patient with associated AML was treated with high‐dose cytarabine and idarubicin; he has been in complete remission for 16 months. One patient was treated with induction chemotherapy consisting of high‐dose cytarabine and 2CDA but expired due to sepsis. Three patients received symptomatic therapy only; these were the only 3 patients who presented with normal blood counts. SM is rare and has no effective standard of care. Collaboration among academic centers to accrue enough patients to evaluate novel therapeutic strategies is needed. Am. J. Hematol. 77:209–214, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Inhibition of the Highly Expressed Mir-221 and Mir-222 Impairs the Growth of Prostate Carcinoma Xenografts in Mice

Background MiR-221 and miR-222 are two highly homologous microRNAs whose upregulation has been recently described in several types of human tumors, for some of which their oncogenic role was explained by the discovery of their target p27, a key cell cycle regulator. We previously showed this regulatory relationship in prostate carcinoma cell lines in vitro, underlying the role of miR-221/222 as inducers of proliferation and tumorigenicity. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we describe a number of in vivo approaches confirming our previous data. The ectopic overexpression of miR-221 is able, per se, to confer a high growth advantage to LNCaP-derived tumors in SCID mice. Consistently, the anti-miR-221/222 antagomir treatment of established subcutaneous tumors derived from the highly aggressive PC3 cell line, naturally expressing high levels of miR-221/222, reduces tumor growth by increasing intratumoral p27 amount; this effect is long lasting, as it is detectable as long as 25 days after the treatment. Furthermore, we provide evidence in favour of a clinical relevance of the role of miR-221/222 in prostate carcinoma, by showing their general upregulation in patient-derived primary cell lines, where we find a significant inverse correlation with p27 expression. Conclusions/Significance These findings suggest that modulating miR-221/222 levels may have a therapeutic potential in prostate carcinoma.
The Slow Dynamics of Two-Spike Solutions for the Gray-Scott and Gierer-Meinhardt Systems: Competition and Oscillatory Instabilities

The dynamics and instability mechanisms of both one- and two-spike solutions to the Gierer--Meinhardt (GM) and Gray--Scott (GS) models are analyzed on a bounded one-dimensional spatial domain. For each of these nonvariational two-component systems, the semistrong spike-interaction limit where the ratio $O(\varepsilon^{-2})$ of the two diffusion coefficients is asymptotically large is studied. In this limit, differential equations for the spike locations, with speed $O(\varepsilon^2) \ll 1$, are derived. To determine the stability of the spike patterns, nonlocal eigenvalue problems, which depend on the instantaneous spike locations, are derived and analyzed. For these nonlocal eigenvalue problems, it is shown that eigenvalues can enter into the unstable right half-plane either along the real axis or through a Hopf bifurcation, leading to either a competition instability or an oscillatory instability of the spike pattern, respectively. Competition instabilities occur only for two-spike patterns and numerica.
Intracranial thrombectomy using the Solitaire stent: a historical vignette

Introduction The endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke has been revolutionized in the past years by the introduction of new devices for mechanical thrombectomy. Several tools were already available in 2008. The majority allowed the recanalization of acutely occluded intracranial arteries with acceptable levels of safety and efficacy, and with occasional failures. Case presentation On 3 March 2008, a 67-year-old woman was treated 3.5 h after the clinical onset of a right hemispheric stroke due to an embolic middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 occlusion. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score prior to treatment was 10. Mechanical thrombectomy with a microbrush yielded a significant amount of thrombotic material without recanalization. Given the urgency of the situation, the uncertain outcome in the case of a persistent occlusion of the right M1 segment and the fact that no other device was available, a Solitaire stent was deployed within the occluded right M1 segment. After several minutes of incubation, the expanded stent was slowly withdrawn under continuous aspiration with instantaneous removal of the entire thrombus and complete recanalization of the right MCA with reperfusion of the whole MCA supply territory. Digital subtraction angiography showed neither peripheral emboli nor vasospasm. The patient made a complete clinical recovery with an NIHSS score of 0 at the 30 day follow-up. Conclusion The Solitaire stent was initially developed for the endovascular treatment of wide necked intracranial aneurysms but has been demonstrated to be safe and efficacious for intracranial thrombectomy. This was the first successful human clinical use of a Solitaire stent for this purpose and the ignition spark for the development of a whole generation of new devices, now called stent retrievers.
Boundary condition for a D-brane from the wilson loop, and gravitational interpretation of an eigenvalue in the matrix model in ADS/CFT correspondence

We study the supersymmetric Wilson loops in the four-dimensional N=4 super Yang-Mills theory in the context of AdS/CFT correspondence. In the gauge theory side, it is known that the expectation value of the Wilson loops of circular shape with winding number k, W{sub k}(C), is calculable by using a Gaussian matrix model. In the gravity side, the expectation value of the loop is conjectured to be given by the classical value of the action S{sub D3} for a probe D3-brane with k electric fluxes as =e{sup -S{sub D3}}. Given such correspondence, we pursue the interpretation of the matrix model eigenvalue density, or more precisely the resolvent, from the viewpoint of the probe D3-brane. We see that the position of an eigenvalue appears as the gauge field plus the scalar field integrated over the boundary of the probe D3-brane. In the course of our analysis, we also clarify the boundary condition on the D3-brane in terms of the Wilson loop.
Justifying Dominating Options when Preferential Information is Incomplete

Providing convincing explanations to accompany recommendations is a key issue in decision-aiding. In the context of decisions involving multiple criteria, the problem is made very difficult because the decision model itself may involve a complex process. In this paper, we investigate the following issue: when the preferential information provided by the user is incomplete, is there a principled way to define what is a "simple" explanation for a recommended choice? We argue first that explanations may necessitate different levels of detail. Next, we show that even when a detailed explanation is necessary, it is possible to distinguish explanations of different levels of complexity. Our results rely on an original connection we establish between the "mechanics" required to compute supporting coalitions of criteria and the simplicity of the explanation.
Elastohydrodynamic lubrication of coated finite line contacts

In this work, a finite element-based model is presented that simulates elastohydrodynamic lubrication in coated finite line contacts. Using this model, the film thickness and pressure distributions, between a straight roller with rounded edges on a plate, were analyzed. The model was successfully validated against representative results reported in literature. Parameter studies were conducted to study the influence of varying operating conditions, axial surface profile parameters and coating mechanical properties on the overall elastohydrodynamic lubrication behavior of the contact. It was found that in contrast with typical elastohydrodynamic lubrication behavior, the maximum pressure and minimum film thickness, which are located at the rear of the contact, are largely influenced by variations in load. Results also reveal that axial surface profile parameters and coating mechanical properties may act as amplifiers to the effect of load on pressure and film thickness distribution and can thus, if smartly chosen, significantly enhance lubrication performance.
Correcting Radial Distortion by Circle Fitting

A powerful and popular approach for estimating radial lens distortion parameters is to use the fact that lines which are straight in the scene should be imaged as straight lines under the pinhole camera model. This paper revisits this problem using the division model to parameterise the lens distortion. This turns out to have significant advantages over the more conventional parameterisation, especially for a single parameter model. In particular, we demonstrate that the locus of distorted points from a straight line is a circular arc. This allows distortion estimation to be reformulated as circle-fitting for which many algorithms are available. We compare a number of suboptimal methods offering closed-form solutions with an optimal, iterative technique which minimises a cost function on the actual image plane as opposed to existing techniques which suffer from a bias due to the fact that they optimise a geometric cost function on the undistorted image plane.
VARIABLE EVOLVED STARS AND YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS DISCOVERED IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD USING THE SAGE SURVEY

We present initial results and source lists of variable sources in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) for which we detect thermal infrared variability from the Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution (SAGE) survey, which had two epochs of photometry separated by 3 months. The SAGE survey mapped a 7° × 7° region of the LMC using the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and the MIPS instruments on board Spitzer. Variable sources are identified using a combination of the IRAC 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0 μ bands and the MIPS 24 μ bands. An error-weighted flux difference between the two epochs is used to assess the variability. Of the ∼3 million sources detected at both epochs, we find ∼2000 variable sources for which we provide electronic catalogs. Most of the variable sources can be classified as asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. A large fraction (>66%) of the extreme AGB stars are variable and only smaller fractions of carbon-rich (6.1%) and oxygen-rich (2.0%) stars are detected as variable sources. We also detect a population of variable young stellar object candidates.
Characterization of absorption enhancers for orally administered therapeutic peptides in tablet formulations - Applying statistical learning

tablet formulations Applying statistical learning DTU Orbit (21/10/2019) Characterization of absorption enhancers for orally administered therapeutic peptides in tablet formulations Applying statistical learning To develop a successful an oral formulation of insulin for treatment of type-2 diabetes patients would be a great mile stone in terms of convenience. Besides protecting insulin from enzymatic cleavage in the small intestine, the formulation must overcome the intestinal epithelia barrier. Absorption enhancers are needed to ensure even a few percent of insulin are taken up. In thesis article 1, various methods to measure the effect of absorption enhancement and enzyme stability of insulin were applied. The major class of absorption enhancers is surfactant-like enhancers and is thought to promote absorption by mildly perturbing the epithelial membranes of the small intestine. The Caco-2 (Carcinoma Colon) cells can grow an artificial epithelial layer, and are used to test the potency of new absorption enhancers. This project was aimed to identify new absorption enhancers, that are both potent and sufficiently soluble. Quantitative structural activity relationship (QSAR) modeling is an empiric approach to learn relationships between molecular formulas and the biochemical properties using statistical models. A public data set testing the potency of absorption enhancers in Caco-2 was used to build a QSAR model to screen for new potent permeation enhancers. Thesis article 2 contains likely the first QSAR model to predict absorption enhancement. The model was verified by predicting molecules not tested before in Caco-2. The Caco-2 model overestimates the clinical effect of lipophilic permeation enhancers. In the Caco-2 model all reagents are pre-dissolved, and therefore the assay cannot predict critical solubility issues and bile salt interactions in the final tablet formulation. A QSAR solubility model was built to foresee and avoid slow tablet dissolution. Due to enzyme kinetics, slow tablet dissolution will allow most insulin to be deactivated by intestinal enzymes. The combined predictions of potency and solubility, will likely provide a more useful in-silico screening of potential permeation enhancers.
Brain monoamine oxidase A binding in major depressive disorder: relationship to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment, recovery, and recurrence.

CONTEXT Highly significant elevations in regional brain monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) binding were recently reported during major depressive episodes (MDEs) of major depressive disorder (MDD). The relationship between MAO-A levels and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment, recovery, and recurrence in MDD is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine whether brain MAO-A binding changes after SSRI treatment, whether brain MAO-A binding normalizes in subjects with MDD in recovery, and whether there is a relationship between prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex MAO-A binding in recovery and subsequent recurrence of MDE. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Tertiary care psychiatric hospital. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-eight healthy subjects, 16 subjects with an MDE secondary to MDD, and 18 subjects with MDD in recovery underwent carbon 11-labeled harmine positron emission tomography scans. Subjects with MDE were scanned before and after 6 weeks of SSRI treatment. All were otherwise healthy, nonsmoking, and medication free. Subjects with MDD in recovery were followed up for 6 months after MAO-A binding measurement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Monoamine oxidase A V(T), an index of MAO-A density, was measured in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, dorsal putamen, ventral striatum, thalamus, anterior temporal cortex, midbrain, and hippocampus. RESULTS Monoamine oxidase A V(T) was significantly elevated in each brain region both during MDE and after SSRI treatment as compared with healthy controls. During recovery, MAO-A V(T) was significantly elevated in each brain region; however, those who went on to recurrence had significantly higher MAO-A V(T) in the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS Elevated MAO-A binding after SSRI treatment indicates persistence of a monoamine-lowering process not present in health. This provides a strong conceptual rationale for continuing SSRI treatment during early remission. Greater MAO-A binding in the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in subjects with MDD in recovery and its association with subsequent recurrence argue that deficient monoamine neuromodulation may persist into recovery and contribute to recurrence.