Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Morbidity by Procedure and Patient Factors Influencing Major Complications Within 30 Days Following Shoulder Surgery

Background: Little data are available to prioritize quality improvement initiatives in shoulder surgery. Purpose: To stratify the risk for 30-day postoperative morbidity in commonly performed surgical procedures about the shoulder completed in a hospital setting and to determine patient factors associated with major complications. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This retrospective study utilized the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from the years 2005 to 2010. Using Current Procedural Terminology codes, the database was queried for shoulder cases that were divided into 7 groups: arthroscopy without repair; arthroscopy with repair; arthroplasty; clavicle/acromioclavicular joint (AC) open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)/repair; ORIF of proximal humeral fracture; open tendon release/repair; and open shoulder stabilization. The primary end point was any major complication, with secondary end points of incisional infection, return to the operating room, and venothromboembolism (VTE), all within 30 days of surgery. Results: Overall, 11,086 cases were analyzed. The overall major complication rate was 2.1% (n = 234). Factors associated with major complications on multivariate analysis included: procedure performed (P < .001), emergency case (P < .001), pulmonary comorbidity (P < .001), preoperative blood transfusion (P = .033), transfer from an outside institution (P = .03), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (P = .006), wound class (P < .001), dependent functional status (P = .027), and age older than 60 years (P = .01). After risk adjustment, open shoulder stabilization was associated with the greatest risk of major complications relative to arthroscopy without repair (odds ratio [OR], 5.56; P = .001), followed by ORIF of proximal humerus fracture (OR, 4.90; P < .001) and arthroplasty (OR, 4.40; P < .001). These 3 groups generated over 60% of all major complications. Open shoulder stabilization had the highest odds of reoperation (OR, 8.34; P < .001), while ORIF of proximal humerus fracture had the highest risk for VTE (OR, 6.47; P = .001) compared with the reference group of arthroscopy without repair. Conclusion: Multivariable analysis of the NSQIP database suggests that open shoulder stabilization, ORIF for proximal humerus fractures, and shoulder arthroplasty are associated with the highest risk of major complications within 30 days after shoulder surgery in a hospital setting. Age, functional status, ASA score, pulmonary comorbidity, emergency case, preoperative blood transfusion, and transfer from an outside institution are patient variables that significantly influence complication risk.
Stress in parents of children with cerebral palsy: what sources of stress are we talking about?

BACKGROUND Parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP) often experience high levels of stress. Little is known however on the different sources of stress parents experience. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relation between aspects of parental distress in the parenting role and the child's limitations in functional skills and the child's behavioural difficulties, in parents of children with CP. METHODS A cross-sectional study among 42 parents of ambulatory children with CP (age 3-8 years; GMFCS levels I-III) was performed, using the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), the Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales (VABS). RESULTS Regression analysis revealed that the PEDI Functional Skills and VABS Maladaptive behaviour scores explained 27% of the total variance in the PSI Parent domain total stress score. Maladaptive behaviour did significantly contribute to parental stress scores for the Parent domain subscales Attachment, Relationship with spouse, Depression, and, in particular, Sense of competence. CONCLUSIONS Parents' functioning can be affected by behavioural aspects of the child with CP, and sense of competence could be an important variable in this relation. This emphasizes the importance of the development of specific interventions that support the family as a whole.
Understanding the Dynamic Character of Value in Recycling Metals from Australia

Industrial ecology (IE) argues the need for an efficient materials economy based on recycling where environmental degradation associated with inputs of new materials and outputs of waste or pollution is minimal. There is often an assumption that efficiency in the use of materials equates to economic efficiency; however, this is not necessarily the case. Central to this tension between engineering and economic approaches to materials efficiency are different conceptual framings of value. Because a large scale shift towards valuing waste materials as future resources involves changes to existing practices of a great many actors and organizations, ranging from consumers and household disposal practices, through to government agencies and multi-national corporations, it cannot be assumed that all operate with similar conceptions of value. This paper reviews current understandings of value in IE and argues that they need to be expanded to accommodate approaches to valuing used goods and materials that manifest across different spatial scales, from household disposal practices to national policy to global production networks (GPNs). The paper focuses, in particular, on understandings of value relevant to metals recycling in Australia and contrast material flow models from IE with other models of material flows and transformations available in the social sciences, including anthropological analysis of the movement of objects through different regimes of value within society and analysis in economic geography that highlights spatial and structural dimensions influential in commodity chains and networks for used products and materials. It concludes by reflecting on the significance of the dynamic and creative tensions inherent in the production of value for recycled metals from Australia.
Discovering the Differences That Make a Difference: Racial Majority and Minority Responses to Online Diversity Statements

Author: Stephens, Kelsey, M. MS Institution: Purdue University Degree Received: May 2017 Title: Discovering the Differences That Make a Difference: Racial Majority and Minority Responses to Online Diversity Statements Major Professor: Leslie Ashburn-Nardo. The presented research the effect of Ely and Thomas’ (2001) three diversity perspectives—integration-and-learning, discrimination-and-fairness, and access-andlegitimacy—on perceptions of organizations as a function of their implied ideologies (i.e., multiculturalism, colorblindness, and tokenism). It was hypothesized that the organizational websites that enhance multiculturalism, such as the integration-andlearning perspective, will be perceived more favorably than websites that emphasize ideologies of colorblindness and tokenism, such as the discrimination-and-fairness and the access-and-legitimacy diversity perspectives, respectively. Additionally, expanding work by Plaut, Thomas, and Goren (2009) the study proposed that websites portraying the latter two perspectives will be perceived more negatively by Blacks than by Whites. In contrast, diversity perspectives that emphasize multiculturalism, such as the integration-and-learning diversity perspective, are hypothesized to be perceived more favorably, regardless of racial group membership. The main dependent variables of focus are the organizational outcomes of organizational attraction, organizational trust, P-O fit, and perceived justice. Findings suggest that racial group membership does not operate as a significant moderator of the relationship; however, the hypothesis that diversity perspectives would have varying relationships with diversity ideologies was partially
Long-term inhibitory plasticity in visual cortical layer 4 switches sign at the opening of the critical period

Significance Brain development is characterized by critical periods (CPs) during which neural circuitry is especially sensitive to experience. The changes in cellular plasticity mechanisms that distinguish these CPs from other developmental windows and how these windows open and close remain poorly understood. Here we show that the opening of the classical visual system CP is characterized by a switch in sign of synaptic plasticity at a class of GABAergic synapse known to be important for CP timing. Sensory microcircuits are refined by experience during windows of heightened plasticity termed “critical periods” (CPs). In visual cortex the effects of visual deprivation change dramatically at the transition from the pre-CP to the CP, but the cellular plasticity mechanisms that underlie this change are poorly understood. Here we show that plasticity at unitary connections between GABAergic Fast Spiking (FS) cells and Star Pyramidal (SP) neurons within layer 4 flips sign at the transition between the pre-CP and the CP. During the pre-CP, coupling FS firing with SP depolarization induces long-term depression of inhibition at this synapse, whereas the same protocol induces long-term potentiation of inhibition at the opening of the CP. Despite being of opposite sign, both forms of plasticity share expression characteristics—a change in coefficient of variation with no change in paired-pulse ratio—and depend on GABAB receptor signaling. Finally, we show that the reciprocal SP→FS synapse also acquires the ability to undergo long-term potentiation at the pre-CP to CP transition. Thus, at the opening of the CP, there are coordinated changes in plasticity that allow specific patterns of activity within layer 4 to potentiate feedback inhibition by boosting the strength of FS↔SP connections.
“La biblioteca es importante”: A Case Study of an Emergent Bilingual Public Library in the Nuevo U.S. South

ABSTRACT Research examining ethnolinguistic community schools (García, Zakharia, & Otcu, 2013) proposes that local spaces not directly affiliated with schools sustain bilingualism and identity. Though researchers often theorize about how community schools sustain home language literacies, less research examines how local public spaces sustain bilingualism among immigrant communities and, more broadly, what this would resemble. With a conceptual framework modeled after García's (2009, 2011) theorization of translanguaging as a dynamic bilingual practice, we offer a counter to monolingual assumptions permeating current language education policy and ideologies. This case study of a public library examines a translanguaging space that offers a window into an emerging Latin American immigrant community in the U.S. South and the complexities of bilingual contact in the United States as a whole. We found that this nurturing public library fostered bilingualism, intentionally refuting language-minoritized stigmas for students learning English. With targeted programming and mentorship, the library challenged misinterpreted “deficit” views of emergent bilingual communities with reoriented views of English language learning to a translingual orientation (Horner, Lu, Royster, & Trimbur, 2011) that extends the innovative and critical practices of shuttling across diverse language repertoires. The public space of the library honored and cultivated the literacy practices of its local communities, and the importance of this is, without overstating, that public spaces for bilingual learning further the missions of all schools.
Perceptions and Practices of Self-Medication among Medical Students in Coastal South India

Self-medication is a common practice worldwide and the irrational use of drugs is a cause of concern. This study assessed the prevalence of self-medication among the medical students in South India. The data was analysed using SPSS version 11.5. A total of 440 students were included in the study. The prevalence of self-medication was 78.6%. A larger number of females were self-medicating (81.2%) than males (75.3%). The majority of the students self-medicated because of the illness being too trivial for consultation (70.5%). Antipyretics were most commonly self–medicated by the participants (74.8%). Only 47% of the participants opined that self-medication was a part of self-care and it needs to be encouraged. 39.3% of the participants perceived that the supply of medicine without prescription by the pharmacist can prevent the growing trend of self-medication. Easy availability and accessibility to health care facilities remains the cornerstone for reducing the practice of self-medication.
A Literature Review on the Indicators for the Measurement of Technology Mediated Learning Productivity

Measuring Technology Mediated Learning (TML) success has been and is of great interest to both researchers and practitioners. This article examines multidimensional approaches to measuring learning success, considering IT- and non-IT-supported learning scenarios, examined by researchers from various research disciplines. We explore the current state of research on TML success through a literature review by classifying empirically-oriented articles that were published between 2000 and 2011. Based on a total of 91 articles published in academic journal publications, this paper identifies the relevant research carried out, categorizes and consolidates the research results, and discusses them. The results show that those approaches are most dominant which empirically analyze the impact of a certain type of educational service on a student/participant by means of surveys and structural equation modeling to capture users’ responses. No main theoretical basis of the reviewed studies could be identified. Furthermore, opportunities for additional development are identified and future research directions suggested.
Effects of Nonglucose Nutrients on Insulin Secretion and Action in People With Pre-Diabetes

To determine whether nonglucose nutrient–induced insulin secretion is impaired in pre-diabetes, subjects with impaired or normal fasting glucose were studied after ingesting either a mixed meal containing 75 g glucose or 75 g glucose alone. Despite comparable glucose areas above basal, glucose-induced insulin secretion was higher (P < 0.05) and insulin action lower (P < 0.05) during the meal than the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in all subgroups regardless of whether they had abnormal or normal glucose tolerance (NGT). However, the nutrient-induced δ (meal minus OGTT) in insulin secretion and glucagon concentrations did not differ among groups. Furthermore, the decrease in insulin action after meal ingestion was compensated in all groups by an appropriate increase in insulin secretion resulting in disposition indexes during meals that were equal to or greater than those present during the OGTT. In contrast, disposition indexes were reduced (P < 0.01) during the OGTT in the impaired glucose tolerance groups, indicating that reduced glucose induced insulin secretion. We conclude that, whereas glucose-induced insulin secretion is impaired in people with abnormal glucose tolerance, nonglucose nutrient–induced secretion is intact, suggesting that a glucose-specific defect in the insulin secretory pathway is an early event in the evolution of type 2 diabetes.
Hemorrhage, Impaired Hematopoiesis, and Lethality in Mouse Embryos Carrying a Targeted Disruption of the Fli1Transcription Factor

ABSTRACT The Ets family of transcription factors have been suggested to function as key regulators of hematopoeisis. Here we describe aberrant hematopoeisis and hemorrhaging in mouse embryos homozygous for a targeted disruption in the Ets family member, Fli1. Mutant embryos are found to hemorrhage from the dorsal aorta to the lumen of the neural tube and ventricles of the brain (hematorrhachis) on embryonic day 11.0 (E11.0) and are dead by E12.5. Histological examinations and in situ hybridization reveal disorganization of columnar epithelium and the presence of hematomas within the neuroepithelium and disruption of the basement membrane lying between this and mesenchymal tissues, both of which express Fli1 at the time of hemorrhaging. Livers from mutant embryos contain few pronormoblasts and basophilic normoblasts and have drastically reduced numbers of colony forming cells. These defects occur with complete penetrance of phenotype regardless of the genetic background (inbred B6, hybrid 129/B6, or outbred CD1) or the targeted embryonic stem cell line used for the generation of knockout lines. Taken together, these results provide in vivo evidence for the role of Fli1 in the regulation of hematopoiesis and hemostasis.
Measurement investigation of tap and cluster angular spreads at 5.2 GHz

In this paper, we present indoor measurement results on the cluster angular spread (AS), the tap AS and its variation with different channel bandwidths. A frequency domain space alternating generalized expectation maximization (FD-SAGE) algorithm is employed to estimate the multipath components from the measured data. We then manually identify the clusters of the multipaths and calculate the tap and cluster ASs for each identified cluster. It is found that for the 100 MHz channels, the average tap AS is just few degrees less than the cluster AS and the difference diminishes for less channel bandwidth.
Interacting Linear and Nonlinear Characteristics Produce Population Coding Asymmetries between ON and OFF Cells in the Retina

The early visual system is a model for understanding the roles of cell populations in parallel processing. Cells in this system can be classified according to their responsiveness to different stimuli; a prominent example is the division between cells that respond to stimuli of opposite contrasts (ON vs OFF cells). These two cell classes display many asymmetries in their physiological characteristics (including temporal characteristics, spatial characteristics, and nonlinear characteristics) that, individually, are known to have important roles in population coding. Here we describe a novel distinction between the information that ON and OFF ganglion cell populations carry in mouse—that OFF cells are able to signal motion information about both light and dark objects, while ON cells have a selective deficit at signaling the motion of dark objects. We found that none of the previously reported asymmetries in physiological characteristics could account for this distinction. We therefore analyzed its basis via a recently developed linear–nonlinear-Poisson model that faithfully captures input/output relationships for a broad range of stimuli (Bomash et al., 2013). While the coding differences between ON and OFF cell populations could not be ascribed to the linear or nonlinear components of the model individually, they had a simple explanation in the way that these components interact. Sensory transformations in other systems can likewise be described by these models, and thus our findings suggest that similar interactions between component properties may help account for the roles of cell classes in population coding more generally.
Yeast Mitochondrial Biogenesis: A Role for the PUF RNA-Binding Protein Puf3p in mRNA Localization

The asymmetric localization of mRNA plays an important role in coordinating posttranscriptional events in eukaryotic cells. We investigated the peripheral mitochondrial localization of nuclear-encoded mRNAs (MLR) in various conditions in which the mRNA binding protein context and the translation efficiency were altered. We identified Puf3p, a Pumilio family RNA-binding protein, as the first trans-acting factor controlling the MLR phenomenon. This allowed the characterization of two classes of genes whose mRNAs are translated to the vicinity of mitochondria. Class I mRNAs (256 genes) have a Puf3p binding motif in their 3'UTR region and many of them have their MLR properties deeply affected by PUF3 deletion. Conversely, mutations in the Puf3p binding motif alter the mitochondrial localization of BCS1 mRNA. Class II mRNAs (224 genes) have no Puf3p binding site and their asymmetric localization is not affected by the absence of PUF3. In agreement with a co-translational import process, we observed that the presence of puromycin loosens the interactions between most of the MLR-mRNAs and mitochondria. Unexpectedly, cycloheximide, supposed to solidify translational complexes, turned out to destabilize a class of mRNA-mitochondria interactions. Classes I and II mRNAs, which are therefore transported to the mitochondria through different pathways, correlated with different functional modules. Indeed, Class I genes code principally for the assembly factors of respiratory chain complexes and the mitochondrial translation machinery (ribosomes and translation regulators). Class II genes encode proteins of the respiratory chain or proteins involved in metabolic pathways. Thus, MLR, which is intimately linked to translation control, and the activity of mRNA-binding proteins like Puf3p, may provide the conditions for a fine spatiotemporal control of mitochondrial protein import and mitochondrial protein complex assembly. This work therefore provides new openings for the global study of mitochondria biogenesis.
The Canada-UK Deep Submillimeter Survey. VI. The 3 Hour Field

We present the complete submillimeter data for the Canada-UK Deep Submillimeter Survey (CUDSS) 3h field. The observations were taken with the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometric Array (SCUBA) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) on Mauna Kea. The 3h field is one of two main fields in our survey and covers 60 arcmin2 to a 3 σ depth of ~3 mJy. In this field we have detected 27 sources above 3 σ and 15 above 3.5 σ. We assume that the differential source counts follow the form N(S) ∝ S-α and measure α = 3.3, in good agreement with previous studies. We estimate that SCUBA sources brighter than 3 mJy are responsible for ~13% of the extragalactic background at 850 μm (after correcting for flux boosting, 20% with no correction), which is in general agreement with previous estimates made by other groups. Using preliminary Infrared Space Observatory 15 μm maps and VLA 1.4 GHz data, we have identified counterparts for 10 objects and have detected two sources at 450 μm. With this information we estimate a lower limit on the median redshift of the sample of z > 1.4 with 6%-10% lying at z < 1. We have attempted to measure the angular clustering of S850 μm > 3 mJy sources using the source catalogs from the CUDSS two main fields, the 3h and 14h fields, and find ω(θ) = 4.4 ± 2. 9θ-0.8, or a 3 σ upper limit on the clustering amplitude of less than 8.7 arcsec0.8. This is consistent with clustering at least as strong as that seen for the Lyman break galaxy population and the extremely red objects. Since SCUBA sources are selected over a broader range in redshifts than these two populations, the strength of the true spatial clustering is expected to be correspondingly stronger.
Interacting with laughter: a case study on audio-based interactivity of public projections

In this paper, I present a field study conducted with interactive projections deployed to an urban art festival and designed to give audio-visual feedback in response to audio input from the public. I describe the context for the study, the spatial layout of the urban space used, the methodology adopted, and the results of my observations of 900 people visiting the work over 5 days. Based on the results, I derive a series of insights about the utilization of audio-based interactive projections in public spaces, notably in regards to: making passers-by aware of the interaction; the placement of the microphones relative to the projections; the impact of the spatial layout of the urban precinct on participation; and pitfalls to avoid regarding the visual elements existing at or introduced to the urban space.