Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Consolidation of Implicit Sequence Memory in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Syndrome is a relatively frequent sleep disorder characterized by disrupted sleep patterns. It is a well-established fact that sleep has beneficial effect on memory consolidation by enhancing neural plasticity. Implicit sequence learning is a prominent component of skill learning. However, the formation and consolidation of this fundamental learning mechanism remains poorly understood in OSA. In the present study we examined the consolidation of different aspects of implicit sequence learning in patients with OSA. We used the Alternating Serial Reaction Time task to measure general skill learning and sequence-specific learning. There were two sessions: a learning phase and a testing phase, separated by a 10-hour offline period with sleep. Our data showed differences in offline changes of general skill learning between the OSA and control group. The control group demonstrated offline improvement from evening to morning, while the OSA group did not. In contrast, we did not observe differences between the groups in offline changes in sequence-specific learning. Our findings suggest that disrupted sleep in OSA differently affects neural circuits involved in the consolidation of sequence learning.
International dimensions of fiscal policy transmission

This paper analyzes the transmission of fiscal policy shocks in economies at different degrees of integration into global goods markets. First, using a quantitative business cycle model, we show that trade integration (measured by openness) does not alter the effects of government spending on output, but mutes the negative impact of government spending shocks on private demand. In fact, for very open economies, the model predicts a positive response of consumption to public spending shocks, even though we assume Ricardian behavior. Second, we provide supporting evidence using panel data for 19 OECD countries: consistent with our model, crowding-out effects on consumption and investment are found to be decreasing in a country’s openness to trade. A relevant implication is that more open economies are more likely to experience twin deficits.
Kindergarten Teachers' Use of Developmentally Appropriate Practices and Attitudes About Authority

This study examined the relationship between kindergarten teachers' use of developmentally appropriate practices and their attitudes toward authority in the classroom. The study found an overall low use of developmentally appropriate practices. Instead, the classrooms exhibited academically oriented, skill-centered programs. However, kindergarten teachers who rated themselves higher in authority sharing as opposed to authority controlling were more likely to use developmentally appropriate teaching strategies as delineated by the National Association for the Education of Young Children. Aspects of the teachers' professional experience and education had little relationship to their attitudes about authority in the classroom. The positive relationship between an authority-sharing attitude and developmentally appropriate practices suggests that more importance be placed on developing teachers' and prospective teachers' attitudes about adult/child authority orientation than on simply prescribing overt teacher.
Evaluation of event position reconstruction in monolithic crystals that are optically coupled

A PET detector featuring a pseudo-monolithic crystal is being developed as a more cost-effective alternative to a full monolithic crystal PET detector. This work evaluates different methods to localize the scintillation events in quartered monolithic crystals that are optically coupled. A semi-monolithic crystal assembly was formed using four 26 × 26 × 10 mm3 LYSO crystals optically coupled together using optical adhesive, to mimic a 52 × 52 × 10 mm3 monolithic crystal detector. The crystal assembly was coupled to a 64-channel multi-anode photomultiplier tube using silicon grease. The detector was calibrated using a 34 × 34 scan grid. Events were first filtered and depth separated using a multi-Lorentzian fit to the collected light distribution. Next, three different techniques were explored to generate the look up tables for the event positioning. The first technique was ‘standard interpolation’ across the interface. The second technique was ‘central extrapolation’, where a bin was placed at the midpoint of the interface and events positioned within the interface region were discarded. The third technique used a ‘central overlap’ method where an extended region was extrapolated at each interface. Events were then positioned using least-squares minimization and maximum likelihood methods. The least-squares minimization applied to the look up table generated with the standard interpolation technique had the best full width at half maximum (FWHM) intrinsic spatial resolution and the lowest bias. However, there were discontinuities in the event positioning that would most likely lead to artifacts in the reconstructed image. The central extrapolation technique also had discontinuities and a 30% sensitivity loss near the crystal–crystal interfaces. The central overlap technique had slightly degraded performance metrics, but it still provided ~2.1 mm intrinsic spatial resolution at the crystal–crystal interface and had a symmetric and continuously varying response function. Results using maximum likelihood positioning were similar to least-squares minimization for the central overlap data.
The affective personality: Its relation to quality of sleep, well-being and stress

The aim in this study was to assess whether or not there is an association between different types of affective personality and sleep quality. Ninety-one individuals, of whom 50 were healthy and 41 were patients with stress-related problems, responded to the Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), Sleep Quality (SQ; Gillberg, 2004) scale, Diurnal Type Scale (DTS; Thorsvall, Akerstedt, 1980), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HAD; Hermann, 1997), Life Orientation Test (LOT; Scheier, & Carver, 1985), Stress and Energy (SE; Kjellberg, & Iwanowski, 1989) scale, and sleep-related questions. Results indicated that self-actualizing individuals (high PA and low NA) reported the best sleep quality particularly in comparison to self-destructive individuals (low PA and high NA). Individuals with a low level of NA (self-actualizing and low affective individuals) reported less stress. The high affective individuals (high PA and high NA) reported high levels of stress, high anxiety, as well as the second best quality of sleep and a high degree of optimism and energy. The results suggests that individuals who display high positive affectivity, optimism, and a high level of energy achieve a better sleep quality, and that this phenomenon may be true even when these individuals experience high levels of stress.
Capacity regions of two new classes of 2-receiver broadcast channels

Motivated by a simple broadcast channel, we generalize the notions of a less noisy receiver and a more capable receiver to an essentially less noisy receiver and an essentially more capable receiver respectively. We establish the capacity regions of these classes by borrowing on existing techniques to obtain the characterization of the capacity region for certain new and interesting classes of broadcast channels. We also establish the relationships between the new classes and the existing classes.
The relationship between frontal brain asymmetry and exercise addiction

Previous research on the causes of exercise addiction has focused primarily on the relationships among personality traits, social influences, and disordered eating (Bamber, Cockerill, & Carroll, 2000; Beals, 2004). Few studies, however, have examined the psychophysiological nature of exercise addiction. In a related area of research in which brain activity has been related to affect and mood, results show that frontal asymmetry, as measured by electroencephalogram (EEG), is associated with negative emotions. More specifically, greater activity at right frontal electrode sites is found among individuals suffering from negative affect and depression. Because a defining feature of exercise addiction is the use of exercise to control negative mood states, it is expected that those with exercise addiction exhibit different frontal activity. This study explores the hypothesized relationship between exercise addiction and the level of baseline frontal activity asymmetry, as measured by EEG. Regularly active wome.
Mobile communication in the global south

Mobile communication has become a common phenomenon in most parts of the world. There are indeed more mobile subscriptions than there are people who use the internet. For many people outside of the metropolitan areas of Europe and North America, this is literally their first use of electronically mediated interaction. This preface to the special issue of New Media & Society examines mobile communication in a global context. Through an overview of eight articles situated in the global south, we describe how mobile communication sheds light upon notions of information, appropriation and development and how it is challenging, and in many cases changing, notions of gender. While the mobile phone reshapes development and micro dynamics of gendered interactions, it is not necessarily a revolutionary tool. Existing power structures may be rearranged, but they are nonetheless quite stable. The analysis of mobile communication in the global south helps us to understand the rise of innovative practices around information and communication technologies and, in turn, enables us to develop theory to understand these emergent empirical realities.
The Effect of Advertising on Attitude Accessibility, Attitude Confidence, and the Attitude-Behavior Relationship

The influence of advertising repetition on several non-evaluative dimensions of attitudes and the strength of the relationship between attitudes and behavior are examined. The results indicate that attitudes formed on the basis of repeated ad exposure are similar to those formed on the basis of direct experience in that they are more accessible from memory, held with more confidence, and are more predictive of subsequent behavior than are attitudes based on a single ad exposure. The results are consistent with the propositions that attitude accessibility and attitude confidence moderate the attitude-behavior relationship. Copyright 1989 by the University of Chicago.
Multiple integrated treatment of borderline personality disorders

This paper describes a pilot study of the effectiveness of a specific outpatient programme for Cluster B Personality Disorder. According to this model, the patient is offered a pathway of two‐year duration, which includes once a week supportive individual psychotherapy combined with fortnightly group psychotherapy (Dialectical Behavioural Therapy), as well as general psychiatric management. We present the results of a prospective research study based on data collected on a first group of six patients treated in the programme. The sample, screened by using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis II Disorders (SCID II), for presence of a Cluster B disorder, was evaluated at regular intervals using the Symptom Check List‐90 (SCL‐90), for the affective symptoms, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, version 11 (BIS‐11) and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), for the dimensions of Impulsiveness and Aggression. The level of disability perceived has been measured by the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (DISS). Finally, the referring psychiatrist filled in the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). At the end of treatment improvement was found in all measures. The results, based on a limited sample, suggest that improvements in the dimensions of impulsiveness, affectivity, degree of disability and readmission to hospital can be achieved with Cluster B patients in an outpatient setting by utilizing different concurrent psychotherapeutic approaches. This is encouraging concerning the intensive outpatient psychotherapeutic treatment with severe personality disorder.
Effects of Right‐Wing Authoritarianism and Threat from Terrorism on Restriction of Civil Liberties

In an Internet survey (N = 275), we investigated how right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO), personal values, and political ideology predicted attitudes toward restriction of civil liberties and toward surveillance measured one year later. Feelings of threat from terrorism were also taken into account. RWA, SDO, political ideology, security values, and self-direction values were significant predictors. In addition, RWA interacted with threat from terrorism, in that threat reinforced the positive effect of RWA on support for surveillance measures. Thus, the study contributes to the understanding of psychological reasons for support for political measures related to civil liberties.
Victims of mentally disordered offenders in Zimbabwe, 1980–1990

The aim of this study is to describe the victims of mentally disordered patients in Zimbabwe. The nature and degree of their crimes were such that the offending patients received a special verdict and were detained at a special hospital. This study provides descriptive data as regards victims' age, gender, and relationship to the patient. It also describes the crimes committed, the methods used, and patients' diagnoses. There were more male than female offenders and most offenders had one victim. The majority of victims were female and were related to the patient. More than 75% of the patients were suffering from major mental illness, but 14.3% were confused due to physical illness which resulted in them becoming mentally disturbed, and as a result they received a special verdict. There were no recorded sexual offences by females.
Canonical Forms for Labeled Trees and Their Applications in Frequent Subtree Mining

Tree structures are used extensively in domains such as computational biology, pattern recognition, XML databases, computer networks, and so on. In this paper, we first present two canonical forms for labeled rooted unordered trees–the breadth-first canonical form (BFCF) and the depth-first canonical form (DFCF). Then the canonical forms are applied to the frequent subtree mining problem. Based on the BFCF, we develop a vertical mining algorithm, RootedTreeMiner, to discover all frequently occurring subtrees in a database of labeled rooted unordered trees. The RootedTreeMiner algorithm uses an enumeration tree to enumerate all (frequent) labeled rooted unordered subtrees. Next, we extend the definition of the DFCF to labeled free trees and present an Apriori-like algorithm, FreeTreeMiner, to discover all frequently occurring subtrees in a database of labeled free trees. Finally, we study the performance and the scalability of our algorithms through extensive experiments based on both synthetic data and datasets from real applications.
Lawyers, Mediation, and the Management of Divorce Practice

Les AA. s'interesse au role de mediateur joue par l'avocat dans la negociation du divorce. A travers l'etude de la pratique professionnelle d'avocats du Maine (Etats-Unis), qui donnent une grande place a la mediation dans leurs methodes de travail, il est clairement demontre que cette approche leur permet de regler des problemes inherents a la procedure de divorce : la negociation, la preparation du proces, la prise de decision par les clients eux-memes sont facilitees par une gestion plus appropriee du dossier
Multiple routes to solution of single-digit multiplication problems.

Researchers have assumed that adults solve simple arithmetic problems by retrieving answers from a network of stored facts. In 2 studies, undergraduates described their solutions of single-digit multiplication problems. They reported direct retrieval on approximately 80% of trials, but also reported rules (e.g., anything times 0 is 0), repeated addition (e.g., 2 × 4 = 4 + 4), number series (e.g., 3 × 5 = 5, 10, 15), and derived facts (e.g., 6 × 7 = [6 × 6] + 6). Participants were slower to retrieve problems that were most likely to be solved by nonretrieval procedures and faster to retrieve problems that were usually solved by retrieval. These results indicate that direct-retrieval models are incomplete accounts of adults' performance and support a continuing influence of learning and experience on the mental representation of simple multiplication problems.
Grey Market for Indian IPOs: Investor Sentiment and After-Market Performance

Extant research on developed markets shows that investor sentiment is a prominent feature in IPO grey markets. There is sparse work in the context of emerging markets. We fill this lacuna by studying the working of the Indian IPO market. We consider this work interesting and relevant for the following reasons. First, grey market trading always involves short-selling as securities are not yet available. Since legal and institutional environment is less developed in emerging markets, the functioning of grey markets is of interest to policy makers and financial economists. Second, retail investors participate to a greater extent in IPOs of emerging markets, ostensibly due to the relative paucity of institutional investors. Since prior research has shown that retail investors are more prone to overreaction, it is useful to examine if grey market prices proxy for investor sentiment. Finally, if grey markets are associated with price distortion in initial trading prices, then investors can potentially exploit this by using trading strategies. Our empirical results show that grey market prices are predictable and that these prices are associated with initial listing returns. Furthermore, selling at grey market prices and subsequent short-covering is shown to be profitable.
The combined contribution of social support and coping strategies in predicting post‐traumatic growth: a longitudinal study on cancer patients

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of social support and coping strategies in enhancing post‐traumatic growth (PTG) in cancer patients. The study focused on both avoidance and approaching coping and on four distinct types of social support: (a) perceived availability, (b) actual received, (c) satisfaction with received support, and (d) the competence of caregiver to satisfy the patient's basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
A Recursive Threshold Visual Cryptography Scheme

This paper presents a recursive hiding scheme for 2 out of 3 secret sharing. In recursive hiding of secrets, the user encodes additional information about smaller secrets in the shares of a larger secret without an expansion in the size of the latter, thereby increasing the efficiency of secret sharing. We present applications of our proposed protocol to images as well as text.
Identification and sequence of the gene for abequose synthase, which confers antigenic specificity on group B salmonellae: homology with galactose epimerase

The O antigen of Salmonella group B strains contains the sugar abequose, whereas those from group A and D strains contain paratose or tyvelose in its place. This is the essential difference between these Salmonella groups. Only the final step in the biosynthesis of abequose differs from that of paratose, and the abequose confers on group B strains their specific O4 antigen. The gene, rfbJ, encoding the enzyme abequose synthase for this last specific step has been cloned, identified, and sequenced and has been shown to function in group A and D strains to make them O4+. This one gene thus differentiates group B from group A or group D salmonellae. The enzyme abequose synthase appears to be related to galactose epimerase, and the significance of this is discussed. The rfbJ gene and adjacent DNA is of much lower G+C content than is usual for salmonellae, indicating that the region did not originate in a salmonella but was transferred from outside.
Closing Sex Education's Knowledge/Practice Gap: The reconceptualisation of young people's sexual knowledge

In rethinking what is theoretically conceived as a 'gap' between what young people learn in sexuality education and what they do in practice, this article argues for the need to comprehend young people's sexual knowledge from their own conceptualisation of this. Drawing on empirical findings from research with New Zealanders aged 17-19, young people's own understandings of their sexual knowledge are explored. These findings indicate how young people in the study conceptualised sexual knowledge in two ways: as information derived from secondary sources such as sexuality education, and knowledge gleaned from personal sexual experience. Hierarchies were evident within and between such types of sexual knowledge, in terms of the status young people afforded, and the interest they displayed in them. The type of sexual knowledge young people were most interested in, and which they identified as lacking in sexuality education, centred on a 'discourse of erotics'. It is argued that the inclusion of this discourse within sexuality education programmes might offer one way of closing the knowledge/practice gap, by raising the status of sexuality education's messages for young people and drawing this information closer to their lived sexual experiences.
Generalized integration duty cycle conversion pulse-width modulation (IPWM) algorithm for multilevel-PV DC-link inverter

In this paper the 3-level integration PWM is developed to a simplified generalized PWM algorithm which can be used to control higher level photovoltaic (PV) inverters. The proposed algorithm is implemented practically by using eZdsp™ F28335 to control the multi-level DC-link inverter and to maintain the operation of input PV sources at their maximum power point (MPP). The inverter has been tested under different loads and irradiance conditions and the obtained results are verified by comparison with the space-vector PWM (SVPWM) strategy. The introduced algorithm is simple for implementation and produces satisfactory results in the open and closed-loop systems.
Snx14 Regulates Neuronal Excitability, Promotes Synaptic Transmission, and Is Imprinted in the Brain of Mice

Genomic imprinting describes an epigenetic process through which genes can be expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. The monoallelic expression of imprinted genes renders them particularly susceptible to disease causing mutations. A large proportion of imprinted genes are expressed in the brain, but little is known about their functions. Indeed, it has proven difficult to identify cell type-specific imprinted genes due to the heterogeneity of cell types within the brain. Here we used laser capture microdissection of visual cortical neurons and found evidence that sorting nexin 14 (Snx14) is a neuronally imprinted gene in mice. SNX14 protein levels are high in the brain and progressively increase during neuronal development and maturation. Snx14 knockdown reduces intrinsic excitability and severely impairs both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. These data reveal a role for monoallelic Snx14 expression in maintaining normal neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission.