Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breast feeding and cardiovascular disease risk factors, incidence, and mortality: the Caerphilly study

Study objective: To investigate the association of having been breast fed with cardiovascular disease risk factors, incidence, and mortality. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Caerphilly, South Wales. Participants: All men aged 45–59 years living in and around the study area. Of 2818 eligible men, 2512 (89%) were seen. Altogether 1580 men (63%) obtained details of how they had been fed in infancy (ever breast fed or only bottle fed) from their mother or a close female relative. A subset of 1062 subjects reported on whether bottle fed or the duration of breast feeding if breast fed. Main results: Breast feeding was not associated with stature, blood pressure, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, or fibrinogen. In fully adjusted models (controlling for age, birth order, and social position in childhood and adulthood), breast feeding was associated with greater body mass index than bottle feeding (difference: 0.41 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.81). There was a positive association between breast feeding and coronary heart disease mortality (hazard ratio: 1.73; 1.17 to 2.55) and incidence (1.54; 1.17 to 2.04) (fully adjusted models). There was no evidence of a duration-response effect, which might be expected if an adverse effect of breast feeding was causal. Conclusion: These data provide little evidence of a protective influence of breast feeding on cardiovascular disease risk factors, incidence, or mortality. A possible adverse effect of breast feeding on coronary heart disease incidence was observed but may have a number of explanations, including selection and information bias. In view of these limitations, further long term studies with improved measures of infant feeding are required to confirm or refute these findings.
Patterns of Claims-Making on Civic Integration and Migration in Europe: Are Muslims Different?

Of the various immigrant and minority groups in Western Europe, Muslims are frequently singled out for their alleged cultural distance and lack of interest to participate in social and political life. Mutual distrust between Islamic organizations and political actors seems to be rising. This paper is interested in patterns of discursive interaction between Muslim groups on the one hand, and other political actors on the other hand. It examines seven European societies with varying proportions of Muslims among the population, distinct traditions of citizenship policies, and different levels of electoral success of parties voicing anti-Islam positions. Using a political claims analysis covering 1995 to 2009, we show that there are substantial differences between countries in the use of migrant-group categories. These differences do not fit the policy tradition typology suggested by Koopmans 2007, and we identify significant changes over time. Of the various groups, we find that Muslims are differentiated in the news media. The proportion of claims by Muslim organizations is nowhere in proportion to their size in the population, and indeed claims about Muslims are more common. This suggests that the construction of Muslim groups as a politically relevant category is largely done by non-Muslim political actors. The frames used in claims about Muslims differ significantly from those used for other immigrant groups. Whereas the most common frames for immigrants more generally are instrumental, for Muslims identity-based arguments are invoked more frequently. Moreover, we find that Muslims are talked about almost exclusively in connection with integration rather than immigration.
A motivational learning hypothesis of the role of mesolimbic dopamine in compulsive drug use

The effects of drugs and substances of abuse on central dopamine (DA) transmission studied by in vivo monitoring techniques have been examined and compared with those of conventional reinforcers and in particular with food. The similarities and differences in the action of drugs and conventional reinforcers on DA transmission can provide the basis for an hypothesis of the mechanism of drug addiction and compulsive drug use. This hypothesis states that drug addiction is due to excessive control over behaviour exerted by drug- related stimuli as a result of abnormal motivational learning induced by repeated drug exposure. Such abnormal motivational learning would derive from the repetitive non-habituating property of drugs of abuse to activate DA transmission phasically in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) 'shell'. Thus, activation of DA transmission by conventional reinforcers is under strong inhibitory control by previous exposure to the reinforcer (habituation); this, however, is not the case with drug reinfor.
Sweet Child in Time: Online Sexual Abuse of Children – A Research Exploration

The 'Budapest study' conducted in 2009 focuses on the online activities and behaviour of teenagers studying in secondary schools in Budapest, Hungary. The range of risky behaviours includes chatting with strangers online, talking sex with strangers online, and having offline meeting with strangers encountered online. Offline meeting with strangers often led quickly to sexual intercourse. One of the striking outcomes of the research is that a significant proportion of teenagers who had already had a sexual relationship communicated the fact in conversations online. The research showed nevertheless, that "double moral standards", responsible for a person's danger-awareness during online communications, is more noticeable among Budapest pupils than among their peers from countries which joined the European Union in and before 2004. Budapest children tend to be more accepting when the stranger they meet online lies about his/her age and aims. They are seemingly less embarrassed when confronted by sexual material online or when someone initiates indecent talk with them. Young people in countries that joined the European Union in and after 2004 are supported less by adults when it comes to issues of online risks. On average, their schools have less awareness-raising, parents are less danger- aware, and they use fewer protective devices at home. This may lead to the fact that Budapest pupils do not usually turn to their parents when confronted by embarrassing online material or requests. This paper includes the core data on Budapest youngsters' habits in using the Internet, particularly regarding the issue of facing 'dangerous' content. However, it is to be noted that the definition of 'dangerous or risky online behaviour or content' as adult society addresses it is quite different from how children think of it. When developing any educational program on digital literacy, this should be taken into consideration. 'Sweet child in time you'll see the line. The line that's drawn between the good and the bad' (Deep Purple)
Positive-Negative Asymmetry in Social Discrimination: Valence of Evaluation and Salience of Categorization

Several studies have consistently demonstrated a positive-negative asymmetry in intergroup discrimination. As a possible explanation for this effect, the authors investigated whether stimulus valence has an impact on the salience of social categorization, which, in turn, is assumed to determine the degree of intergroup differentiation. It was hypothesized that the confrontation with negative stimuli instigates a change in the level of inclusiveness of self-categorization, inhibiting the differentiation based on the initial social categorization. Two studies with factors valence (positive, negative) and salience (low, high) were conducted to test these assumptions. Results were encouraging with respect to a category-based explanation of the valence effects on social discrimination. Implications of these findings for classical theories on behavior in minimal intergroup situations are discussed.
A MEMS electromagnetic energy harvester using ultrasonic excitation

Energy harvesting remains a significant area of interest in current microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) research, with integrated microscale harvesters potentially being able to increase the running time of a range of electronic systems. This paper presents the design and characterization of an electromagnetic MEMS energy harvester that uses ultrasonic waves for mechanical excitation. A potential application for this concept is the charging of implanted biomedical devices via such micro-sized harvesters. The fabricated device is experimentally tested and characterized, with 0.06nW of electrical power being generated at the device's first resonance frequency of 41.3 kHz.
Examining the longitudinal structure, stability, and dimensional interrelationships of team identification

The propensity of strongly identified fans to contribute positive organizational outcomes for sport teams underpins why team identification maintains a central position in sport management. In the current study we examine the multidimensional structure, stability, and interrelationships between the dimensions of team identification, using longitudinal data (April 2011–April 2012) collected from fans of a new Australian Rules football team (N = 602). A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of the team identification items included (measured using the Team*ID scale), supported a five-dimensional model structure. This model was subsequently computed as a longitudinal CFA to test the configural and metric invariance of the Team*ID scale. We used a cross-lagged panel model to examine the longitudinal stability of, and interrelationships between, the dimensions: affect, behavioral involvement, cognitive awareness, private evaluation, and public evaluation. Each dimension displayed relative stability over time. In .
Discerning Apical and Basolateral Properties of HT-29/B6 and IPEC-J2 Cell Layers by Impedance Spectroscopy, Mathematical Modeling and Machine Learning

Quantifying changes in partial resistances of epithelial barriers in vitro is a challenging and time-consuming task in physiology and pathophysiology. Here, we demonstrate that electrical properties of epithelial barriers can be estimated reliably by combining impedance spectroscopy measurements, mathematical modeling and machine learning algorithms. Conventional impedance spectroscopy is often used to estimate epithelial capacitance as well as epithelial and subepithelial resistance. Based on this, the more refined two-path impedance spectroscopy makes it possible to further distinguish transcellular and paracellular resistances. In a next step, transcellular properties may be further divided into their apical and basolateral components. The accuracy of these derived values, however, strongly depends on the accuracy of the initial estimates. To obtain adequate accuracy in estimating subepithelial and epithelial resistance, artificial neural networks were trained to estimate these parameters from model impedance spectra. Spectra that reflect behavior of either HT-29/B6 or IPEC-J2 cells as well as the data scatter intrinsic to the used experimental setup were created computationally. To prove the proposed approach, reliability of the estimations was assessed with both modeled and measured impedance spectra. Transcellular and paracellular resistances obtained by such neural network-enhanced two-path impedance spectroscopy are shown to be sufficiently reliable to derive the underlying apical and basolateral resistances and capacitances. As an exemplary perturbation of pathophysiological importance, the effect of forskolin on the apical resistance of HT-29/B6 cells was quantified.
Why Elementary Teachers Might Be Inadequately Prepared to Teach Reading

Several national reports have suggested the usefulness of systematic, explicit, synthetic phonics instruction based on English word structure along with wide reading of quality literature for supporting development in early reading instruction. Other studies have indicated, however, that many in-service teachers are not knowledgeable in the basic concepts of the English language. They may be well versed in children’s literature but not know how to address the basic building blocks of language and reading. The authors hypothesized that one of the reasons for this situation is that many instructors responsible for training future elementary teachers are not familiar with the concepts of the linguistic features of English language. This hypothesis was tested by administering a survey of language concepts to 78 instructors. The results showed that even though teacher educators were familiar with syllabic knowledge, they performed poorly on concepts relating to morphemes and phonemes. In a second study, 40 instructors were interviewed about best practices in teaching components and subskills of reading. Eighty percent of instructors defined phonological awareness as letter-sound correspondence. They also did not mention synthetic phonics as a desirable method to use for beginning reading instruction, particularly for students at risk for reading difficulties. In conclusion, providing professional development experiences related to language concepts to instructors could provide them the necessary knowledge of language concepts related to early literacy instruction, which they could then integrate into their preservice reading courses.
Cooperatively Coevolving Particle Swarms for Large Scale Optimization

This paper presents a new cooperative coevolving particle swarm optimization (CCPSO) algorithm in an attempt to address the issue of scaling up particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms in solving large-scale optimization problems (up to 2000 real-valued variables). The proposed CCPSO2 builds on the success of an early CCPSO that employs an effective variable grouping technique random grouping. CCPSO2 adopts a new PSO position update rule that relies on Cauchy and Gaussian distributions to sample new points in the search space, and a scheme to dynamically determine the coevolving subcomponent sizes of the variables. On high-dimensional problems (ranging from 100 to 2000 variables), the performance of CCPSO2 compared favorably against a state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm sep-CMA-ES, two existing PSO algorithms, and a cooperative coevolving differential evolution algorithm. In particular, CCPSO2 performed significantly better than sep-CMA-ES and two existing PSO algorithms on more complex multimodal problems (which more closely resemble real-world problems), though not as well as the existing algorithms on unimodal functions. Our experimental results and analysis suggest that CCPSO2 is a highly competitive optimization algorithm for solving large-scale and complex multimodal optimization problems.
The further development of twins after severe and prolonged deprivation: a second report.

Summary A previous (1972) report on the good development of twins after severe and prolonged deprivation is followed up, and progress over three further years is described. Intelligence is now average. No psychopathological features or eccentricities, either in behaviour or social relations, can be identified. The boys are sociable, happy and have firm emotional bonds with their foster-family; they attend a school for normal children, with good results. A case of a 10-yr-old girl with a similar background now living in the same foster-family is also described. The psychological diagnosis of severe deprivation and its remediation arc also discussed.
Mediating Effect of Learning Capacity on Between Turnover Intention and Organizational Commitment: A Case in Health Sector

This study aims to analyze the relationship among organizational commitment, organizational learning capacity and turnover intention within the health sector. A 23-items questionnaire excluding demographic questions was used to test the model. These surveys were distributed to employees of public and private hospitals in Gaziantep and Diyarbakir which are located in Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Region, 269 of questionnaires were returned and used for analysis. As a result, significant relationships between learning capacity and turnover intention have been identified. And organizational commitment of in addition, the study indicated that the learning capacity mediated the relationship between turnover intention and organizational commitment. According to another finding of the study, private hospital employees reported higher leves of learning capacity and organizational commitment but lower level turnover intention than their counterparts in public hospitals. Additionally, in terms of demographic variables, some differences were found. Key Word: Turn Over Intention, Organizational Commitment, Learning Capacity, Health Sector.
[Correlation of VEGF and Ki67 expression with sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in rectal adenocarcinoma].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Ki67) with sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in rectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS Samples of pretreatment biopsies and the resected specimens after neoadjuvant therapy in 32 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma were collected, and the expression of Ki67 and VEGF were detected by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies. The correlation of Ki67 and VEGF expression with clinicopathological factors were analyzed. RESULTS The level of VEGF expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.033), depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.007) and TNM stage (P = 0.016), but not with histological type, tumor size, age and gender of the patients (P > 0.05). However, VEGF expression was found to be negatively and significantly correlated with the sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (P = 0.016), and a transient increase of VEGF expression was detected in the resected specimens after neoadjuvant therapy (P = 0.035). Ki67 labeling index (Ki67-LI) was found to be significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.028), but not with tumor size, age and gender of the patients (P > 0.05). It was also found that tumors with lower Ki67-LI expression were more sensitive to neoadjuvant therapy than that with higher expression of Ki67-LI (P = 0.032). In contrast with VEGF, the Ki67 expression level decreased after neoadjuvant therapy, but no statistical significance was found between pretreatment and posttreatment specimens (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The preliminary results of this study demonstrate that the expression of VEGF and Ki67 in pretreatment biopsy of rectal adenocarcinoma may be used as a biomarker to predict tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation.
Islamic religiosity, subjective well-being, and health

The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between Islamic religiosity and satisfaction with a diverse range of life and health domains, in a sample of 2909 participants (1446 males, 1463 females) from Algeria. Factor analysis of the Islamic Religiosity Scale (IRS) indicates that it measures Religiosity as a multidimensional construct with two useful factors: Religious Practice and Religious Altruism. Religiosity at some level is ubiquitous through this sample, and it has a strong positive relationship with Subjective Well-Being (SWB). Moreover, this relationship is relatively unaffected by health deficiencies, even though such deficiencies generally have a negative influence on SWB scores. These findings are discussed in terms of the social context of Algeria.
Institutional Performance in Higher Education: The Efficiency Dimension

The concept of institutional performance can be regarded as embodying components on two dimensions: effectiveness, which is concerned with the congruence between outputs and goals or other criteria; and efficiency, which links outputs with inputs. The efficiency dimension, which has been relatively neglected in attempts to assess institutional performance, is defined, and its relationship to the economic concepts of efficiency and productivity is examined. The practical difficulties in assessment relate to the conceptualization and measurement of inputs and outputs in a manner reflecting an educational institution’s purposes and processes, and in a form which can be used as management information. This paper reviews the progress toward overcoming these difficulties and examines the ways that recent research addresses the analytical problems of assessing the input-output component of institutional performance. Studies of input-output relationships are classified into three categories: (1) input-output-ratio studies, which include the use of cost-analysis techniques and “productivity” ratios; (2) regression studies, which use statistical procedures to estimate the typical relationships among the variables; and (3) production frontier or data envelopment techniques, which identify and explore the most desirable input-output combinations or estimate the feasible range of these combinations.
Limitations of Highly-Available Eventually-Consistent Data Stores

Modern replicated data stores aim to provide high availability, by immediately responding to client requests, often by implementing objects that expose concurrency. Such objects, for example, multi-valued registers (MVRs), do not have sequential specifications. This paper explores a recent model for replicated data stores that can be used to precisely specify causalconsistency for such objects, and liveness properties like eventual consistency, without revealing details of the underlying implementation. The model is used to prove the following results: 1) An eventually consistent data store implementing MVRs cannot satisfy a consistency model strictly stronger than observable causal consistency (OCC). OCC is a model somewhat stronger than causal consistency, which captures executions in which client observations can use causality to infer concurrency of operations. This result holds under certain assumptions about the data store. 2) Under the same assumptions, an eventually consistent and causally consistent replicated data store must send messages of size linear in the size of the system: Ifs objects, each Ω(lg k)-bit in size, are supported by n replicas, then there is an execution in which an Ω(min{n, s}lg k)-bit message is sent.
A Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing Spectatorship of Disability Sport: A Qualitative Inquiry and Next Steps

To effectively market a sport event, it is necessary to determine the factors that influence spectator attendance. While a developed line of inquiry exists on the marketing of able-bodied sports, a gap in the literature exists in the disability sport context. Thus, there is a need to examine the synergy between existing motives that have been confirmed in traditional sport versus those that are unique to disability sport. This line of inquiry will help future researchers determine whether additional factors should be considered when marketing disability sport. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore the explicit and tacit motives of spectator attendance at disability sport. Findings from the Quad Rugby Nationals indicate that while some of the traditional sport spectator motives in the literature are the same, there are also unique motives, which should be used to accurately measure spectator interest in this emerging context.