Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Male and Female Coaches of Women’s Athletic Teams: Reasons for Entering and Leaving the Profession

During the past two decades the number of female athletes has increased while the number of female coaches has declined. The purpose of this study was to determine the reasons why NCAA Division I male and female coaches of women’s athletic teams enter and leave the profession. The findings indicate that coaches enter the profession to remain in competitive athletics and would leave the profession to spend more time with family and friends. Further research in this area is recommended to determine solutions to the problem of the declining number of female coaches.
Throughput-Optimal Opportunistic Scheduling in the Presence of Flow-Level Dynamics

We consider multiuser scheduling in wireless networks with channel variations and flow-level dynamics. Recently, it has been shown that the MaxWeight algorithm, which is throughput-optimal in networks with a fixed number of users, fails to achieve the maximum throughput in the presence of flow-level dynamics. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, called Workload-based Scheduling with Learning, which is provably throughput-optimal, requires no prior knowledge of channels and user demands, and performs significantly better than previously suggested algorithms.
The Application of the Fluoride Reactivation Process to the Detection of Sarin and Soman Nerve Agent Exposures in Biological Samples

The fluoride reactivation process was evaluated for measuring the level of sarin or soman nerve agents reactivated from substrates in plasma and tissue from in vivo exposed guinea pigs (Cava porcellus), in blood from in vivo exposed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and in spiked human plasma and purified human albumin. Guinea pig exposures ranged from 0.05 to 44 LD50, and reactivated nerve agent levels ranged from 1.0 ng/mL in plasma obtained from 0.05 LD50 sarin‐exposed guinea pigs to an average of 147 ng/g in kidney tissue obtained from two 2.0 LD50 soman‐exposed guinea pigs. Positive dose–response relationships were observed in all low‐level, 0.05 to 0.4 LD50, exposure studies. An average value of 2.4 ng/mL for reactivated soman was determined in plasma obtained from two rhesus monkeys three days after a 2 LD50 exposure. Of the five types of guinea pig tissue studied, plasma, heart, liver, kidney and lung, the lung and kidney tissue yielded the highest amounts of reactivated agent. In similar tissue and with similar exposure procedures, reactivated soman levels were greater than reactivated sarin levels. Levels of reactivated agents decreased rapidly with time while the guinea pig was alive, but decreased much more slowly after death. This latter chemical stability should facilitate forensic retrospective identification. The high level of reactivated agents in guinea pig samples led to the hypothesis that the principal source of reactivated agent came from the agent‐carboxylesterase adduct. However, there could be contributions from adducts of the cholinesterases, albumin and fibrous tissue, as well. Quantitative analysis was performed with a GC‐MS system using selected ion monitoring of the 99 and 125 ions for sarin and the 99 and 126 ions for soman. Detection levels were as low as 0.5 ng/mL. The assay was precise and easy to perform, and has potential for exposure analysis from organophosphate nerve agents and pesticides in other animal species.
High-Magnitude, Virus-Specific CD4 T-Cell Response in the Central Nervous System of Coronavirus-Infected Mice

ABSTRACT The neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) causes acute encephalitis and chronic demyelinating encephalomyelitis in rodents. Previous results indicated that CD8 T cells infiltrating the central nervous system (CNS) were largely antigen specific in both diseases. Herein we show that by 7 days postinoculation, nearly 30% of the CD4 T cells in the acutely infected CNS were MHV specific by using intracellular gamma interferon (IFN-γ) staining assays. In mice with chronic demyelination, 10 to 15% of the CD4 T cells secreted IFN-γ in response to MHV-specific peptides. Thus, these results show that infection of the CNS is characterized by a large influx of CD4 T cells specific for MHV and that these cells remain functional, as measured by cytokine secretion, in mice with chronic demyelination.
Rapid Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy: comparative safety of three protocols

We compared 284 sting‐allergic patients treated with either a 4 day (group 1), 6 hr (group 2) or 210 min (group 3) rapid venom immunotherapy (RVIT) protocol using honey bee (HB) or yellow jacket (YJ) venom at cumulative doses of 527.6 μg, 226.6 μg and 101.1 μg respectively. The 4 day protocol involved four times as many injections as the 210 min protocol and twice as many as the 6 hr protocol. Desensitization was conducted in a hospital providing full emergency resuscitation facilities. In group 1, 1 × 100 μg boosters were given on days 7,10,15 and 45 and, in groups 2 and 3, 2 × 50 μg boosters were given on day 15 and 1 × 100 μg on day 45. The patients in the three groups were comparable with regard to clinical characteristics and immunological reactivity determined by skin tests. All patients had large local reactions. Systemic reactions (SR) occurred in 28.2% of patients in group 1, 28.6% in group 2 and 6.9% in group 3. The mean total cumulative venom dose (s.e.m.) for occurrence of SR was 123.75 (± 24.2) in group 1,183.27 (± 28.5) in group 2, and 36.43 (±9.3) in group 3. HB led to more systemic reactions than YJ venom. The rate of SR decreased when the cumulative venom dose was reduced during RVIT. The median dose was 137.6 μg in group 1, 226.6 μg in group 2, and 21.1 μg in group 3. No systemic reactions were observed after the booster injections. The results of this study suggest that short RVIT protocols with low cumulative doses carry a lesser risk of SR.
Smell Dysfunction and Related Factors in Diabetic Patients

OBJECTIVE— To analyze smell function in diabetic patients and healthy control subjects, with reference to individual characteristics and major complications of the disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— A cross-sectional study of smell recognition in 68 diabetic patients and 30 control subjects without known cause of smell impairment was conducted. Smell was studied using a kit of flavors that patients were asked to recognize, leading to a smell recognition score ranging from 0 (no recognition) to 20 (perfect recognition). Demographic and clinical data, and the electrogustometric threshold were recorded in both groups. Metabolic control and degenerative complications were studied in diabetic patients. RESULTS— The SRS was significantly lower in diabetic patients than in control subjects (12.4 ± 0.5 vs. 15.1 ± 0.5, P < 0.001). By use of univariate and multivariate analyses, this difference could not be explained by individual factors such as age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, or tobacco or alcohol consumption but was related to diabetes. SRS correlated with EGT (r = 0.70, P < 0.001). In the diabetic group, SRS was associated with age (r = 0.29, P < 0.05), duration of diabetes (r = 0.27, P < 0.05), microalbuminuria (12.2 ± 0.8 vs. 14.4 ± 0.9, P < 0.05), peripheral neuropathy (10.3 ± 1.0 vs. 14.1 ± 0.9, P < 0.01), and EGT (r = 0.39; P < 0.001). By use of multivariate analysis, the strongest association was found with EGT (R2 = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS— These results suggest that smell recognition is impaired in patients with diabetes mellitus. Smell dysfunction is associated with age and degenerative complications of diabetes, suggesting a degenerative mechanism related to diabetes.
Neural substrates of emotionally valenced episodic memory: A PET study using film stimuli

Abstract To reveal the pathogenetic mechanism of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we modeled the ‘re‐experience’ symptom of PTSD in healthy subjects, and investigated its neural substrates using PET activation experiments on an emotionally (fear) valenced episodic memory task and several contrast tasks. Ten right‐handed healthy male volunteers underwent H215O‐PET. Each subject was required to watch a horror film the previous day. During the PET scan, the subject was shown part of the film for 60 s immediately before the terrifying climax scene and told to recall the following scene. The subject did not watch the scene directly, but re‐experienced fear induced by the trigger. The rCBF in this task compared with that in control tasks was analyzed with SPM99. The subjective emotional state of the subject in each task was evaluated using an analog scale. The main cerebral areas where rCBF significantly correlated with the task of emotionally valenced episodic memory, compared with the novel emotional task, were the left retrosplenial cortex (Brodmann's area: BA 31), the left visual association cortex (BA 19) and the right prefrontal cortex (BA 10). Although the retrosplenial cortex or the posterior cingulate gyrus has been regarded as engaged in processing either only emotion or only episodic memory, this area is considered to be involved in processing ‘emotionally valenced episodic memory’.
A VLSI Circuit Emulation of Chemical Synaptic Transmission Dynamics and Postsynaptic DNA Transcription

Chemical synaptic transmission dynamics in the mammalian wetware control the activities of a living creature. During this cascading process, biological information is transferred from one neuron to another (the next) neuron. Many electronic circuits have been designed to implement neural synaptic communication; however, the invention of the memristor has raised the prospect of novel, highly efficient, and miniaturized neural circuit emulation. A novel VLSI circuit emulation of the chemical synaptic process at the biomolecular level (molecular level neuromorphic circuit) has been presented in this paper. Memristors and operational amplifiers in various configurations are key components in this silicon-based emulation. Commencement of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) transcription of certain neural gene in the postsynaptic neuron (through Ca+2 ion stimulation) is a major consequence of the synaptic transmission dynamics. Thus, this paper also proposes an integrated circuit model for the postsynaptic neural DNA transcription. A comparison of the silicon-based measured results using the proposed model with experimentally reported biological data justifies the validity of the proposed model. Stochastic aspects are also simulated through Monte Carlo analysis of the circuit model.
"You're only as old as you feel": self-perceptions of age, fears of aging, and life satisfaction from adolescence to old age.

We examined differences in subjective age identification from adolescence to old age and the relation between subjective age and fears about one's own aging and life satisfaction. Using a questionnaire format, 188 men and women from 14 to 83 years of age made judgments about how old they felt, looked, acted, and desired to be. Respondents also answered questions about their personal fears of aging and present life satisfaction. Results revealed that individuals in their teens held older subjective age identities, whereas during the early adult years, individuals maintained same age identities. Across the middle and later adult years, individuals reported younger age identities, and women experienced younger age identities than men across these adults years. Results also revealed that discrepancies between subjective and actual age were associated with personal fears of aging and life satisfaction, especially in younger men and women.
Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus DNA in Nonkeratinizing (Cylindrical Cell) Carcinoma of the Sinonasal Tract: A Distinct Clinicopathologic and Molecular Disease Entity

Carcinomas of the nose and paranasal sinuses are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that differ histologically, biologically, and clinically. Some of these tumors are known to harbor high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. In an attempt to identify specific phenotypes associated with HPV infection, 39 cases of sinonasal carcinomas were evaluated by PCR for the presence of HPV DNA. The tumors were also studied with a panel of immunohistochemical stains, including p16, p53, and Ki-67 antibodies. Twenty-one cases were identified as keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (KSCC) with a male-to-female ratio of 3:1. Eight cases were nonkeratinizing (cylindrical cell) carcinoma (NKCa) with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. Ten cases were sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC), and 9 of these patients were men. HPV DNA, particularly type 16, was detected in 9 cases: 4 of 21 (19%) of KSCC, 4 of 8 (50%) of NKCa, and 1 of 10 (10%) of SNUC. In addition to a higher prevalence of HPV DNA in NKCa, the tumors also showed a distinct immunophenotype characterized by strong and diffuse staining for p16, high labeling scores for Ki-67, and negative or low reactivity to p53. On the other hand, KSCC and SNUC were either negative or weakly reactive to p16 antibodies. KSCC cases were more likely to be positive and more strongly reactive to p53 stain. Unlike KSCC, SNUC had high Ki-67 labeling scores. These observations suggest that NKCa of the sinonasal tract is a distinct histopathologic and molecular disease entity, which should be added to the list of upper aerodigestive tract tumors with strong etiologic relationship to high risk HPV.
Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology: Integrating Diversity with Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods

This book is organized according to the logic of conducting a research study. Researchers must first examine their underlying assumptions about the nature of reality and knowledge to make sensible decisions about all of the other steps in the research process. Chapter 1 contains an explanation of the major research paradigms and their associated assumptions. Students who understand the research paradigms and their assumptions will not only be prepared to make methodological decisions about their own research, they will also be prepared to engage meaningfully in the debates in the research community about the most appropriate ways to approach the business of research.
Epidemiology of US High School Sports-Related Fractures, 2005-2009

Objective: To describe the epidemiology of fractures among US high school athletes participating in 9 popular sports. Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study. Setting: Sports injury data for the 2005-2009 academic years were collected using an Internet-based injury surveillance system, Reporting Information Online (RIO). Participants: A nationally representative sample of 100 US high schools. Assessment of Risk Factors: Injuries sustained as a function of sport and sex. Main Outcome Measures: Fracture injury rates, body site, outcome, surgery, and mechanism. Results: Fractures (n = 568 177 nationally) accounted for 10.1% of all injuries sustained by US high school athletes. The highest rate of fractures was in football (4.61 per 10 000 athlete exposures) and the lowest in volleyball (0.52). Boys were more likely than girls to sustain a fracture in basketball (rate ratio, 1.35,; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.72) and soccer (rate ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.71). Overall, the most frequently fractured body sites were the hand/finger (28.3%), wrist (10.4%), and lower leg (9.3%). Fractures were the most common injury to the nose (76.9%), forearm (56.4%), hand/finger (41.7%), and wrist (41.6%). Most fractures resulted in >3 weeks' time lost (34.3%) or a medical disqualification from participation (24.2%) and were more likely to result in >3 weeks' time lost and medical disqualification than all other injuries combined. Fractures frequently required expensive medical diagnostic imaging examinations such as x-ray, computed tomographic scan, and magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, 16.1% of fractures required surgical treatment, accounting for 26.9% of all injuries requiring surgery. Illegal activity was noted in 9.3% of all fractures with the highest proportion of fractures related to illegal activity in girls' soccer (27.9%). Conclusions: Fractures are a major concern for US high school athletes. They can severely affect the athlete's ability to continue sports participation and can impose substantial medical costs on the injured athletes' families. Targeted, evidence-based, effective fracture prevention programs are needed.
Analysis of an AC to DC voltage source converter using PWM with phase and amplitude control

A comprehensive analysis is presented of a pulse-width modulated AC-to-DC voltage source converter under phase and amplitude control. A general mathematical model of the converter, which is discontinuous, time-variant, and nonlinear, is first established. To obtain closed-form solutions, the following three techniques are used: Fourier analysis; transformation of reference frame; and small-signal linearization. Three models, namely, a steady-state DC model, a low-frequency small-signal AC model, and a high-frequency model, are consequently developed. Finally, three solution sets, namely, the steady-state solution, various dynamic transfer functions, and the high-frequency harmonic components, are obtained from the three models. The theoretical results were verified experimentally. <<ETX>>
The influence of family responsibilities, career fields and gender on career success

Purpose – The paper seeks to analyze empirically the consequences of family responsibilities for career success and the influence of career context variables and gender on this relationship.Design/methodology/approach – The sample consists of 305 business school graduates (52 percent male) from a major Central European university who finished their studies around 2000 and who were in their early career stages (i.e. third and fourth career years). Findings – The paper reports a negative relationship between family responsibilities and objective and subjective career success via work centrality. There is also substantive support for the effect of contextual factors on the relationship between family situations and career success, emphasizing the importance of a multi‐level perspective. Finally, evidence of gender effects exists.Research limitations/implications – The empirical generalizability of the results is limited by the structure of the sample. Qualitative in‐depth studies are needed to further underst.
Attention in Action: Advances from Cognitive Neuroscience

Part 1. Functional Processes. G. W. Humphreys, M. J. Riddoch, K. L. Linnell, D. J. Punt, M. G. Edwards, A. M. Wing, Attending to What You are Doing: Neuropsychological and Experimental Evidence for Interactions between Perception and Action. A. Cohen, H. Magen, Hierarchical Systems of Attention and Action. H. Deubel, W. X. Schneider, Attentional Selection in Sequential Manual Movements, Movements around an Obstacle and in Grasping. W. Prinz, S. de Maeght, L. Kunf, Intention in Action. T. Astor-Jack, P. Haggard, Intention and Reactivity. A. Hannus, S.F.W. Neggers, F.W. Cornelissen, H. Bekkering, Selective Attention for Action: New Evidence from Visual Search Studies. N. Lavie, Attention and Inaction: Mechanisms for Preventing Distractor Responses. S. Grison, K. Kessler, M. A. Paul, H. Jordan, S. P. Tipper, Object- and Location-based Inhibition in Goal Directed Action: Inhibition of Return Reveals Behavioural and Anatomical Dissociations and Interactions with Memory Processes. Part 2. Neural Processes. M. S. A. Graziano, C. S. R. Taylor, D. F. Cooke, T. Moore, A Map of Complex Movements in Motor Cortex of Primates. M. F. S. Rushworth, A. Ellison, Spatial Representations and Attentional Systems for Action in the Parietal Cortex. R. E. Passingham, J. B. Rowe, K. Sakai, Prefrontal Cortex and Attention to Action. H. Chapman, M. Gavrilescu, M. Kean, G. Egan, U. Castiello, A Neuroimaging Study of Selection-for-action: A Reach-to-grasp Study. S. R. Jackson, R. Newport, D. Mort, M. Husain, G. M. Jackson, R. Swainson, S. Pears, B. Wilson, Action Binding and the Parietal Lobes: Some New Perspectives on Optic Ataxia. R. Ward, S. Danziger, Selective Attention and Response Control following Damage to the Human Pulvinar.
Investigating visual short-term memory capacity within and between hemifields

A number of non-mnemonic tasks have revealed the existence of a bilateral field advantage (BFA; i.e. the increase in processing capacity when information is distributed across the two visual fields relative to within a single hemifield) in visual processing. Recent research suggests that the BFA may also extend to visual short-term memory (VSTM). However to date, studies have produced inconsistent findings, demonstrating a BFA in VSTM for spatial locations and orientations but not for colours (Delvenne, 2005; Umemoto, Drew, Ester, & Awh, 2010). Two possible hypotheses may account for those findings. The first suggests that the BFA is a feature of processing spatial information but not identity information (the stimulus domain hypothesis) whilst the second claims that the BFA is a feature of attentional selective processing (the attentional selection hypothesis). With the primary aim to uncover the conditions which promote a BFA in VSTM, the present thesis tested those hypotheses. Since the stimulus domain hypothesis predicts no possibility of a BFA for colour VSTM, Part One investigated whether colour VSTM may exhibit a BFA when the task demands on selective attention are increased. The findings revealed this to be the case, highlighting that the requirement to attentionally filter spatially distinct target stimuli from distracter stimuli promoted the BFA. In Part Two, selective attention was also found to promote a BFA in colour VSTM during maintenance. Specifically, the findings suggest that bilaterally encoded items can better survive decay in VSTM when spatial selective attention is oriented to stimuli locations at the encoding stage. Overall, the findings strongly suggest that the BFA in VSTM is a signature of attentional selective processing during VSTM encoding and VSTM maintenance. Those findings have important implications for our understanding of the capacity limits of VSTM and attention, and interhemispheric communication more generally.