Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Handwriting: what do we know and what do we need to know?

Handwriting has a low status and profile in literacy education in England and in recent years has attracted little attention from teachers, policy-makers or researchers into mainstream educational processes. This article identifies a substantial programme of research into handwriting, including studies located in the domains of special needs education and psychology, suggesting that it is time to re-evaluate the importance of handwriting in the teaching of literacy. Explorations of the way handwriting affects composing have opened up new avenues for research, screening and intervention, which have the potential to make a significant contribution to children’s progress in learning to write. In particular, the role of orthographic motor integration and automaticity in handwriting is now seen as of key importance in composing. Evidence from existing studies suggests that handwriting intervention programmes may have a real impact on the composing skills of young writers. In particular, they could positively affect the progress of the many boys who struggle with writing throughout the primary school years.
Complete Sucrose Metabolism Requires Fructose Phosphotransferase Activity in Corynebacterium glutamicum To Ensure Phosphorylation of Liberated Fructose

Sucrose uptake by Corynebacterium glutamicum involves a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sucrose phosphotransferase (PTS), but in the absence of fructokinase, further metabolism of the liberated fructose requires efflux of the fructose and reassimilation via the fructose PTS. Mutant strains lacking detectable fructose-transporting PTS activity accumulated fructose extracellularly but consumed sucrose at rates comparable to those of the wild-type strain.
The efficacy and safety of mirabegron compared with solifenacin in overactive bladder patients dissatisfied with previous antimuscarinic treatment due to lack of efficacy: results of a noninferiority, randomized, phase IIIb trial

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of mirabegron 50 mg and solifenacin 5 mg in overactive bladder (OAB) patients dissatisfied with previous antimuscarinic treatment due to lack of efficacy. Patients and methods: This randomized, double-blind, phase IIIb, noninferiority study, enrolled male and female patients aged ⩾18 years old, with symptoms of OAB for ⩾3 months, who were dissatisfied with their previous antimuscarinic drug due to lack of efficacy. A total of 1887 patients were randomized to receive mirabegron 50 mg (n = 943) or solifenacin 5 mg (n = 944) daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline to end of treatment in mean number of micturitions/24 h. Noninferiority was confirmed if the lower limit of the two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) for the treatment difference between solifenacin and mirabegron was > −0.20. Secondary efficacy endpoints, which included change from baseline in mean number of incontinence episodes/24 h, urgency incontinence episodes/24 h, urgency episodes (grade 3 or 4)/24 h and nocturia episodes/24 h, were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Results: For the primary endpoint, adjusted mean treatment difference (95% CI) in mean number of micturitions/24 h was −0.18 (−0.42, 0.06) and therefore noninferiority of mirabegron to solifenacin was not demonstrated. Both treatments demonstrated clinically meaningful reductions in efficacy variables and were well tolerated, with a lower incidence of dry mouth with mirabegron. Conclusions: Noninferiority of mirabegron compared with solifenacin for reduction in micturition frequency could not be demonstrated in this population of OAB patients who were dissatisfied with previous antimuscarinic therapy due to lack of efficacy. Both mirabegron and solifenacin improved key OAB symptoms with no statistically significant differences observed between the two treatments. Both drugs were well tolerated.
WHY STUDY SPIDER SEX: SPECIAL TRAITS OF SPIDERS FACILITATE STUDIES OF SPERM COMPETITION AND CRYPTIC FEMALE CHOICE

Abstract I argue that several unusual aspects of spider sexual biology make them extremely promising subjects for future research on sperm competition and cryptic female choice, and outline promising lines for future research. The important traits include: double, bilaterally symmetrical genitalia (allowing the use of the same animal as experimental and control and thus providing unusually complete controls for experimental manipulations); isolation of male ejaculates in pure form during sperm induction (allowing experimental determination of the effects of sperm and male accessory glands on female reproductive physiology, and separation of their effects on the female from those of copulatory courtship and copulation); frequent venter-up orientation and genitalic meshes in which most of the male genitalia is outside rather than inside the female (allowing unusually complete observations of male genital behavior during copulation); immobile sperm (allowing confident deductions about male and female movement of sperm without complications from motility of the sperm themselves); a huge data set on female as well as male genitalic morphology from previous taxonomic studies (enabling, in combination with studies of the fit between male and female genitalia, studies of the details of how rapid genitalic divergence occurs). Studies of spider sex should be in the forefront of the next generation of studies of sperm competition and cryptic female choice.
Neural Machine Translation Advised by Statistical Machine Translation

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is a new approach to machine translation that has made great progress in recent years. However, recent studies show that NMT generally produces fluent but inadequate translations (Tu et al. 2016b; 2016a; He et al. 2016; Tu et al. 2017). This is in contrast to conventional Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), which usually yields adequate but non-fluent translations. It is natural, therefore, to leverage the advantages of both models for better translations, and in this work we propose to incorporate SMT model into NMT framework. More specifically, at each decoding step, SMT offers additional recommendations of generated words based on the decoding information from NMT (e.g., the generated partial translation and attention history). Then we employ an auxiliary classifier to score the SMT recommendations and a gating function to combine the SMT recommendations with NMT generations, both of which are jointly trained within the NMT architecture in an end-to-end manner. Experimental results on Chinese-English translation show that the proposed approach achieves significant and consistent improvements over state-of-the-art NMT and SMT systems on multiple NIST test sets.
Can the Adoption of a Leaner Medium Increase Group Outcome Quality

There has been mounting evidence that the predictions of the media richness theory do not hold in a number of situations. For example, a number of studies indicate that a lean medium can be the choice of groups engaged in complex tasks, even when richer media are available. However, there is very little research evidence that the adoption of a leaner medium can lead to an actual increase in group outcome quality. In this paper, we go some way towards filling this research gap, by providing evidence that groups can adapt their behavior in order to overcome the limitations of a leaner medium and produce outcomes that are perceived by group members as being of higher quality than in richer media. We studied five process improvement groups in a New Zealand university. The groups voluntarily conducted most of their interactions through an e-mail conferencing system developed by the author.
A High-Order Asymptotic-Preserving Scheme for Kinetic Equations Using Projective Integration

We investigate a high-order, fully explicit, asymptotic-preserving scheme for a kinetic equation with linear relaxation, both in the hydrodynamic and diffusive scalings in which a hyperbolic, resp. , parabolic, limiting equation exists. The scheme first takes a few small (inner) steps with a simple, explicit method (such as direct forward Euler) to damp out the stiff components of the solution and estimate the time derivative of the slow components. These estimated time derivatives are then used in an (outer) Runge--Kutta method of arbitrary order. We show that, with an appropriate choice of inner step size, the time-step restriction on the outer time step is similar to the stability condition for the limiting macroscopic equation. Moreover, the number of inner time steps is also independent of the scaling parameter. We analyze stability and consistency, and illustrate with numerical results.
Can psychological factors help us to determine adherence to CPAP? A prospective study

The present study objective was to establish whether pretreatment social cognitive variables may contribute to the explanation of variance in adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS). A total of 119 of 180 consecutive OSAHS patients were recruited to the study prior to initial CPAP titration. Patients completed psychological measures of health value, health locus of control (incorporating internality, chance, powerful others) and self-efficacy prior to CPAP titration. Objective adherence data were measured by CPAP unit time clocks and collected at 3-month follow-up. Average nightly use was calculated over this period. Logistic regression of prospective predictors of adherence produced a model comprising psychological (health value, internality, powerful others), as well as clinical variables (Epworth score, body mass index, apnoea/hypopnoea index, CPAP pressure). This model explained 24% of the variance in CPAP use, and correctly identified 75% of adherers and 53% of nonadherers. Although the psychological variables explained only a small amount of the overall variance in adherence behaviour, this result provides further support for the hypothesis that psychological variables contribute, in part, to continuous positive airway pressure adherence. Future research should focus on highlighting discrete variables, which may helpfully inform psychologically based interventions aimed at improving the use of continuous positive airway pressure by patients with obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome at risk of discontinuance.
Initial assessment and management of pediatric trauma patients

Injury is the leading cause of death and disability in children. Each year, almost one in six children in the United States require emergency department (ED) care for the treatment of injuries, and more than 10,000 children die from injuries. Severely injured children need to be transported to a facility that is staffed 24/7 by personnel experienced in the management of children, and that has all the appropriate equipment to diagnose and manage injuries in children. Anatomical, physiological, and emotional differences between adults and children mean that children are not just scaled-down adults. Facilities receiving injured children need to be child and family friendly, in order to minimize the psychological impact of injury on the child and their family/carers. Early recognition and treatment of life-threatening airway obstruction, inadequate breathing, and intra-abdominal and intra-cranial hemorrhage significantly increases survival rate after major trauma. The initial assessment and management of the injured child follows the same ATLS® sequence as adults: primary survey and resuscitation, followed by secondary survey. A well-organized trauma team has a leader who designates roles to team members and facilitates clear, unambiguous communication between team members. The team leader stands where he/she can observe the entire team and monitor the “bigger picture. ” Working together as a cohesive team, the members perform the primary survey in just a few minutes. Life-threatening conditions are dealt with as soon as they are identified. Necessary imaging studies are obtained early. Constant reassessment ensures that any deterioration in the child's condition is picked up immediately. The secondary survey identifies other injuries, such as intra-abdominal injuries and long-bone fractures, which can result in significant hemorrhage. The relief of pain is an important part of the treatment of an injured child.
Optimizing the incremental maintenance of multiple join views

Materialized views are nowadays commonly used in the data warehouse environment. Materialized views need to be updated when data sources change. Since the update of the views may impose a significant overhead, it is essential to update the views efficiently. Though there has been much work on efficient maintenance of a single view, maintenance of multiple views has not been sufficiently investigated.In this paper we propose an efficient incremental maintenance of multiple join views. In our previous work[6], we proposed the delta propagation strategy that computes the change of a join view in a recursive manner. We extend the delta propagation strategy to multiple views. The recursive property of the strategy makes it possible to share common intermediate results among views effectively. We first define the multiple view maintenance problem, then a heuristic algorithm that finds a global maintenance plan for the given views is proposed. We also present experimental result that shows the efficiency of the proposed method.
Evaluation of Different Scales for Measurement of Perceived Physical Strain During Performance of Manual Tasks

The main objective of this study was to evaluate different scales of perceived strain during the performance of various physical tasks. A total of 52 male and female participants took part in 4 experiments to achieve the study objective. The results suggest that a bipolar comfort-discomfort scale is a more appropriate instrument than a discomfort scale for assessing cumulative physical stresses at work, especially at the beginning of the shift. For assessing discomfort at the end of the work shift, a unipolar scale may also be used. On the basis of the obtained results, red, green, and yellow zones are suggested to establish priorities for work redesign efforts in ergonomic control programs.
Atomic‐Scale Friction of Black Phosphorus: Effect of Thickness and Anisotropic Behavior

The understanding on the friction properties of black phosphorus (BP) is very crucial for such applications as strain‐engineered devices and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems. Herein, the relationship between the layer number of few‐layer BP flakes and its nanoscale friction, as well as the atomic‐scale friction anisotropy, is studied. BP flakes thicker than about five layers show almost the same friction as that of the bulk value, and the friction increases with the layer number decreasing from five, due to the strengthening mechanism. Obvious friction anisotropy of BP flakes are observed in that the friction for the armchair direction is the highest, that for the zigzag direction the lowest, and that for the lattice orientation between the two directions the intermediate. Supported by the theoretical prediction with 2D Tomlinson model, the observed phenomena are explained by the anisotropies in the amplitudes of the tip‐induced flexural deformations of BP flakes.
TeleGaze: Teleoperation through eye gaze

Most teleoperation tasks involve controlling as well as monitoring from a remote location. This requires the eyes of the operator to be engaged in the monitoring task and the hands in the controlling task for the whole duration of the operation. Since the eyes are involved in the monitoring task anyway, inputs from their gaze can be used to aid in the controlling task to free the hands of the operator from this task. However, the challenge here lies in distinguishing between the inputs that should be used for monitoring and those that should be used for controlling. To address this challenge, this paper presents a novel means of developing a teleoperation interface through eye gaze. The interface developed in this work, which is called the TeleGaze interface for short, enables the operator to monitor as well as control a mobile robot remotely through the use of the eyes only. The TeleGaze interface is developed out of two different designs based on user satisfaction. A task oriented evaluation for the TeleGaze interface is conducted in comparison with other interaction modalities. The evaluation shows promising results towards TeleGaze as an aid in human-robot interaction.
Service Quality (Servqual) and its Effect on Customer Satisfaction in Retailing

Service Quality within retail units is pivotal for satisfying customers, retaining them and creating loyalty amongst customers. This research uses SERVQUAL to analyze the gap between perceptions and expectations of the customer, concerning with the service at retail units in the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Customer Satisfaction level is assessed for the services offered at select retail units in the city of Hyderabad. Five dimensions in service quality (servqual), tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, empathy, and assurance (Parasuraman, Zeithaml, &Berry, 1985) have been considered for this empirical research. General purpose of this research to know some factors that impact customer satisfaction. The purpose are (1) to describe applied of service quality (servqual) dimension in retail Business (2) to know service quality (servqual) dimensions that make customers satisfied, and (3) to know service quality (servqual) dimensions that are dominant in influencing customer satisfaction. The research methodology was carried out in a survey crosssectional applied to 369 respondents. The data obtained was analyzed by using reliability method, correlation and regression. Result of research showed that services offered by retail units have positive impact and are significant in building customer satisfaction. Findings of this empirical research reiterate the point of view that Service Quality dimensions are crucial for customer satisfaction in retailing – a burgeoning sector with high growth potential and opportunities in fast growing economies like India’s.
Reliability and validity of the Thai version of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Thai version of the CDSS for the evaluation of depression in patients with schizophrenia. Method Sixty patients with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV-TR were recruited in the study. The Thai version of CDSS, the Mongomery and Asberg Depression Scale (MADRS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, 17-item version (HDRS-17), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were administered. Major depressive episode diagnosed by a psychiatrist according to the DSM-IV-TR was used as a gold-standard. Results The internal consistency of the Thai version of CDSS was very good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.869). The inter-rater reliability was found to be in substantial agreement with the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.979. The test-retest reliability over a period of three days was high, with the ICC of 0.861. The Thai version of CDSS showed significant correlations with the MADRS (r =0.887), the HDRS-17 (r=0.865) and the PANSS-G6 (r=0.833). The areas under the ROC curves of the CDSS, MADRS, HDRS-17, and PANSS-G6 against the DSM-IV-TR criteria for major depressive episode were 0.993, 0.954, 0.966, and 0.933, respectively. The optimal cut-off scores to discriminate between depressed and nondepressed patients was 6/7, with a sensitivity of 92.31% and specificity of 97.87%. Conclusion The Thai version of CDSS is a reliable and valid measure for the evaluation of depression in Thai patients with schizophrenia.
Working Orders in Limit-Order Markets and Floor Exchanges

We analyze limit order markets and floor exchanges, assuming an informed trader and discretionary liquidity traders use market orders and can either submit block orders or work their demands as a series of small orders. By working their demands, large market order traders pool with small traders. We show that every equilibrium on a floor exchange must involve at least partial pooling. Moreover, there is always a fully pooling (worked order) equilibrium on a floor exchange that is equivalent to a block order equilibrium in a limit order market. Copyright 2007 by The American Finance Association.
From Algorithm Animations to Animation-embedded Hypermedia Visualizations

If a picture is worth a thousand words, then why have attempts over the past decade to use pictures and animations to replace or supplement traditional instructional methods for teaching algorithms produced such disappointing results? The accumulated empirical evidence is mixed at best, and could easily lead one to abandon the premise that animations are powerful vehicles for effectively conveying the dynamic behaviors of algorithms. However, we report on a research project based on an additional premise that a rethinking of algorithm animation design is required in order to harness its power to enhance learning. The key insight is that for algorithm animations to be effective, they have to be chunked and embedded within a context and knowledge providing hypermedia information presentation system. The theoretical foundations of our approach, architecture of the resulting hypermedia algorithm visualization system, and empirical studies that show a significant advantage for the system over learning from text are described in this paper. We conclude with a discussion of why hypermedia visualizations may be superior to plain animations and future research.
Electrostatic Excitation for the Force Amplification of Microcantilever Sensors

This paper describes an electrostatic excited microcantilever sensor operating in static mode that is more sensitive than traditional microcantilevers. The proposed sensor comprises a simple microcantilever with electrostatic excitation ability and an optical or piezoresistive detector. Initially the microcantilever is excited by electrostatic force to near pull-in voltage. The nonlinear behavior of the microcantilever in near pull-in voltage i.e., the inverse-square relation between displacement and electrostatic force provides a novel method for force amplification. In this situation, any external load applied to the sensor will be amplified by electrostatic force leading to more displacement. We prove that the proposed microcantilever sensor can be 2 to 100 orders more sensitive compared with traditional microcantilevers sensors of the same dimensions. The results for surface stress and the free-end point force load are discussed.
Ultrasound-guided subclavian and axillary vein cannulation via an infraclavicular approach: In the tradition of Robert Aubaniac.

Crit Care Med 2012 Vol. 40, No. 10 DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31825f78c3 allows measurement of changes in the perfusion of the renal cortical microcirculation which, experimentally, parallel changes in clearance measurements of renal plasma flow in humans (5). To conclude, we believe that CPCMRI is a powerful technique that complements both standard and contrastenhanced ultrasound assessment of the renal circulation and may enable a better understanding the physiological meaning of these measurements in differing clinical contexts. As well as being a primary investigatory modality, CPC-MRI could provide an invaluable method to calibrate and validate ultrasound techniques, including contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, which might be more widely applicable in clinical practice. The authors have not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest.