Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Place cells and silent cells in the hippocampus of freely-behaving rats

In the present study, nearly two-thirds of all hippocampal pyramidal units isolated under barbiturate anesthesia, which maximizes these cell's activity, were behaviorally silent. These “silent cells” showed no spontaneous firing activity in the awake, freely-behaving rat. Both reanesthetization and antidromic stimulation, however, activated these silent cells. More than 92% of the remaining spontaneously active hippocampal pyramidal cells recorded from freely-behaving rats were place cells; i.e., they exhibited spatially specific changes in firing activity in at least one environment. The firing rates of these place cells varied depending on the animal's location in this environment. Interestingly many of these place cells displayed low or no spontaneous activity and no spatial specificity in other, dissimilar environments; i.e., their lack of firing in some spatial environments mirrored the behavioral silence of the more numerous silent cells reported here. In complex information processing, such as the processing of spatial information by the hippocampus demonstrated here, neural silence may be as important a signal as neural activity.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Effects of Appraisal of Sexual Stimuli on Sexual Arousal in Women with and Without Superficial

This study examined the effects of appraisal of sexual stimuli on sexual arousal in women with superficial dyspareunia (n = 50) and sexually functional women (n = 25). To elicit different appraisals of an erotic film fragment, participants received an instruction prior to viewing it, with a focus on genital pain or on sexual enjoyment. A neutral instruction served as a control condition. Assignment to instruction condition was randomized. Genital arousal (vaginal pulse amplitude) and self-report ratings of affect and genital sensations were obtained in response to the erotic stimulus. As predicted, appraisal of the erotic stimulus affected genital responding, albeit marginally significant. Follow-up tests indicated that women who received the genital pain instruction responded with marginally significant lower genital arousal levels than women who received the sexual enjoyment instruction (d = 0.67). A significant instruction effect for negative affect was found, signifying that negative affect ratings were highest after the genital pain instruction and lowest after the sexual enjoyment instruction (d = 0.80). A marginally significant group by instruction interaction effect was observed for positive affect, indicating that women with dyspareunia reported significantly less positive affect than controls after the sexual enjoyment instruction (d = 1.48). Whereas women with dyspareunia reported overall marginally significant more negative affect than controls (d = 0.48), there were no differences in genital responsiveness between groups. These results provided preliminary evidence for the modulatory effects of appraisal of sexual stimuli on subsequent genital responding and affect in women with and without sexual complaints.
Regulating Subcellular Metal Homeostasis: The Key to Crop Improvement

Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) are essential micronutrient mineral elements for living organisms, as they regulate essential cellular processes, such as chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis (Fe, Cu, and Mn), respiration (Fe and Cu), and transcription (Zn). The storage and distribution of these minerals in various cellular organelles is strictly regulated to ensure optimal metabolic rates. Alteration of the balance in uptake, distribution, and/or storage of these minerals severely impairs cellular metabolism and significantly affects plant growth and development. Thus, any change in the metal profile of a cellular compartment significantly affects metabolism. Different subcellular compartments are suggested to be linked through complex retrograde signaling networks to regulate cellular metal homeostasis. Various genes regulating cellular and subcellular metal distribution have been identified and characterized. Understanding the role of these transporters is extremely important to elaborate the signaling between various subcellular compartments. Moreover, modulation of the proteins involved in cellular metal homeostasis may help in the regulation of metabolism, adaptability to a diverse range of environmental conditions, and biofortification. Here, we review progress in the understanding of different subcellular metal transport components in plants and discuss the prospects of regulating cellular metabolism and strategies to develop biofortified crop plants.
An Examination of the Impact of a Training Programme Based on Sport Psychology for a Cohort of Contemporary Singing Students

Sport psychology is well recognised and accepted as an important aspect of sports training, especially for elite athletes. Sport psychology focuses on teaching skills and methods such as goal setting and mental preparation for athletes so that they can develop their psychological abilities to the same high level as their physical abilities. Few researchers have linked sports and singing training, but it appears that many of the techniques used in sport psychology could be of value in developing singers’ practice and performance skills. This study examined the overall impact of introducing sport psychology based training into the curriculum of a cohort of tertiary level contemporary singing students, using a qualitative case study approach. Five categories from sport psychology methods were identified for the purpose of this research: deliberate practice, self-efficacy, motivation, goal setting and peak performance were introduced into the teaching of the singing programme. Analysis of the impact revealed that sport psychology methods were not easily transferable into this vocal curriculum. The outcomes showed that the participants’ level of development in terms of learning skills was at a lower level than the demands of sport psychology
The effect of parallel static and microwave electric fields on excited hydrogen atoms

The classical dynamics of the hydrogen atom in parallel static and microwave electric fields are analysed. This work is motivated by recent experiments on excited hydrogen atoms in such fields, which show enhanced resonant ionization at certain combinations of field strengths. By analysing the dynamics using an appropriate representation and averaging approximations, a simple picture of the ionization process is obtained. This shows how the resonant dynamics are controlled by a separatrix that develops and moves through phase space as the fields are switched on and provides necessary conditions for a dynamical resonance to affect the ionization probability. In addition, these methods yield a simple approximate Hamiltonian that facilitates quantal calculations. Using high-order perturbation theory, we obtain a series expansion for the position of the dynamical resonance and an estimate for its radius of convergence. Because, unusually, the resonance island moves through the phase space, the position of the dynamical resonance does not coincide precisely with the ionization maxima. Moreover, there are circumstances in which the field switch-on time dramatically affects the classical ionization probability; for long switch times, it reflects the shape of the incipient homoclinic tangle of the initial state, making it impossible to predict the resonance shape. Additionally, for a similar reason, the resonance ionization time can reflect the timescale of the motion near the separatrix, which is therefore much longer than conventional static field Stark ionization. All these effects are confirmed using accurate Monte Carlo calculations using the exact Hamiltonian. The dynamical structures producing these effects are present in the quantum dynamics; so we conclude that, for sufficiently large principal quantum numbers, the effects seen here will also be observed in the quantum dynamics.
Sound symbolism in deictic words

It is shown that pairs of demonstratives in which there is a vocalic opposition have an advantage in their struggle for existence in languages when F 2’ is higher in the proximal than in the distal form. It is also shown that nasals are preferred in first person pronouns while stops and other obstruents are preferred in second person pronouns. Explanations are suggested for both findings. They involve affinities with the association of pitch with size, the proprioceptive qualities of speech sounds, and oral pointing gestures. (Summary of paper to appear in K. Auli and P. av Trampe (eds.) Tongues and Texts Unlimited, 1996).
Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice ADP 013703 TITLE : Flow and Heat Transfer Predictions for Film-Cooling Flows Using Large Eddy Simulations

To order the complete compilation report, use: ADA412801 The component part is provided here to allow users access to individually authored sections f proceedings, annals, symposia, etc. However, the component should be considered within-he context of the overall compilation report and not as a stand-alone technical report. Abstract Large eddy simulations are performed to study the flow physics and heat transfer for the film-cooling of gas turbine blade surface. The coolant jet issues out from a cylindrical delivery tube into the mainflow at an inclination angle of 35'. The Reynolds number based on the jet velocity and the diameter of the delivery tube is approximately 11100. The jet to mainflow velocity ratio is 0.5. Heat transfer calculations are also performed simultaneously to study the mixing of the passive scalar with the mainflow, evaluate film-cooling effectiveness and heat transfer predictions on the blade surface. The parameters in the simulation correspond to the experiments performed at UTRC (Lavrich and Chiappetta, 1990)
Role and Origin of the GABAergic Innervation of Dorsal Raphe Serotonergic Neurons

Extracellular electrophysiological recordings in freely moving cats have shown that serotonergic neurons from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) fire tonically during wakefulness, decrease their activity during slow wave sleep (SWS), and are nearly quiescent during paradoxical sleep (PS). The mechanisms at the origin of the modulation of activity of these neurons are still unknown. Here, we show in the unanesthetized rat that the iontophoretic application of the GABAAantagonist bicuculline on dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons induces a tonic discharge during SWS and PS and an increase of discharge rate during quiet waking. These data strongly suggest that an increase of a GABAergic inhibitory tone present during wakefulness is responsible for the decrease of activity of the dorsal raphe serotonergic cells during slow wave and paradoxical sleep. In addition, by combining retrograde tracing with cholera toxin B subunit and glutamic acid decarboxylase immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate that the GABAergic innervation of the dorsal raphe nucleus arises from multiple distant sources and not only from interneurons as classically accepted. Among these afferents, GABAergic neurons located in the lateral preoptic area and the pontine ventral periaqueductal gray including the DRN itself could be responsible for the reduction of activity of the serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus during slow wave and paradoxical sleep, respectively.
Ortaöğrenim Öğrencilerinde İnternet Bağımlılığı

This study aims at determining internet addiction levels of high school students and which variables are related to these levels. It was desired to find out whether the variables such as gender, education levels of the parents, ownership of personal computer and usage times of social networks are related to internet addiction or not. The work group of the study in which screening model was used is composed of the students who studied in a high school of Bursa Province of Turkey in the second term of 2010-2011 school year. According to the study results, 2,33% of the students taking place in the study group is internet addicted while 17,45% of them is internet addicted in threshold group and risk group. Gender and usage time of the social networks (more than 3 hours) were found statistically significant in internet addiction. The results of the study were discussed and some suggestions were presented in relation to practice in this direction and the future studies.
Learning Styles Of Yemeni Undergraduate Science Students

The aim of this paper is to investigate the preferred learning styles of 179 Yemeni students studying science at the Faculty of Science, Sana’a University, Yemen in response to a need for improving the learning of science among Yemeni students. A learning style refers to the ways of learning that include how learners perceive, interact with and respond to the learning environment. This paper applies Reid’s (1995) taxonomy of six learning style preferences: visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile, group, and individual styles to classify the styles of the students in this study. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, observation checklists, and field notes. The questionnaire data was coded and analyzed using the SPSS program while the interview data was transcribed, organized, coded, categorized, and analyzed. The findings show that the tactile and kinesthetic styles were the most prevalent styles among the students, followed by the auditory style. This has pedagogical implications for the teaching of science in Yemen.
Vestibular‐Pursuit Interactions: Gaze‐Velocity and Target‐Velocity Signals in the Monkey Frontal Eye Fields

Abstract: Visual information about a moving object is obtained by accurate tracking with the eyes using the smooth pursuit system, which must interact with the vestibular system during head movement. Such pursuit‐vestibular interactions require calculation of gaze (i.e., eye in space) in order to match eye velocity in space to actual target velocity, using vestibular, retinal‐image velocity, and eye‐velocity information. To understand the role the frontal eye fields (FEFs) play in pursuit‐vestibular interactions, we examined responses of pursuit‐related neurons near the arcuate sulcus in head‐stabilized monkeys during visual tracking tasks that dissociate eye movement in the orbit from that in space. The activity of the majority of pursuit‐related neurons was related to gaze velocity. They also responded to passive body rotation in complete darkness. When the monkeys fixated the stationary target, similar modulation was observed, reflecting the velocity signal of a second test target. Muscimol infusion into the FEF pursuit areas severely impaired smooth gaze tracking. These results suggest that the region near the arcuate sulcus coordinates its various inputs to provide signals for target velocity in space and accurate gaze‐velocity command during pursuit‐vestibular interactions.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Pentavalent Combination Vaccine (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis, Polio and Haemophilus Influenzae Type b Conjugate) When Administered as a Fourth Dose at 15 to 18 Months of Age

A DTaP-IPV//PRP-T combination vaccine (Pentacel™) has been universally used in Canada to provide immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b with single injections at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months of age. This randomized, multicenter study was conducted to evaluate administration of a fourth dose of DTaP-IPV//PRP-T at 15 to 18 months of age, similar to the US immunization schedule. Participants who had received three doses of DTaP-IPV//PRP-T by 8 months of age were enrolled at 12 months and randomized to receive a fourth dose at 15, 16, 17, or 18 months. Antibody levels for each vaccine antigen were measured prior to and 4 weeks following booster vaccination. Overall, 1782 subjects were immunized and monitored for adverse events, and 735 were evaluated for immune responses. Pre-immunization antibody levels differed minimally by age, for all antigens. The immune responses elicited by DTaP-IPV//PRP-T were comparable between participants vaccinated at 15 or 16 months and those vaccinated at 17 or 18 months, as demonstrated by specific antibody geometric mean titers, seroprotection/seroresponse rates, and reverse cumulative distribution curves. The fourth dose was well tolerated in all age groups. Toddlers at 15, 16, 17, or 18 months of age are equally suitable recipients for booster immunization with the DTaP-IPV//PRP-T vaccine.
Stromgren photometry of the open clusters NGC 6134 and NGC 3680

We present Stromgren photometry of the two southern open clusters NGC 6134 and NGC 3680. The eld of NGC 6134 was observed with dierent shifts of the telescope and rotations of the CCD camera in order to detect and remove any large scale flat eld errors us- ing the technique described by Andersen et al. (1995). By using calibrations of the Stromgren indices we nd the metallicity and interstellar reddening of the clusters: For NGC 6134 the results are (Fe/H) = 0:28 0:02 and E(b y )=0 :263 0:004 and for NGC 3680 we nd (Fe=H) = 0:09 0:02 and E(b y )=0 :048 0:011. When comparing the observed colour-magnitude diagrams theo- retical isochrones we nd that models which include over- shooting in the convective cores agree with the extended hook after the turno. From the isochrone t we nd ages of 0:69 0:10 Gyr and 1:45 0:15 Gyr for NGC 6134 and NGC 3680 respectively. Stromgren photometry of six known Scuti stars in NGC 6134 is presented.
What Defines Effective Chemistry Laboratory Instruction? Teaching Assistant and Student Perspectives

Although the chemistry laboratory is an essential element of the majority of introductory college and university chemistry courses, labs are often criticized for the lack of student learning that occurs. Research concerning teaching effectiveness indicates the factors involved in teaching effectiveness; however, most of this research focuses on classroom instructional methods. Our research identifies qualities that students and teaching assistants perceived to be important for effective instruction within the introductory university chemistry laboratory context. Students and teaching assistants involved with a large enrollment, introductory chemistry laboratory course were asked to complete a two-part questionnaire containing both Likert and free-response questions. Analysis of the questionnaires indicated good, though not complete, agreement between students and teaching assistants as to the qualities considered to be most important in determining effective instruction. A general picture of an effective .
A Convergence and Asymptotic Analysis of the Generalized Symmetric FastICA Algorithm

This contribution deals with the FastICA algorithm in the domain of Independent Component Analysis (ICA). The focus is on the asymptotic behavior of the generalized symmetric variant of the algorithm. The latter has already been shown to possess the potential to achieve the Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB) by allowing the usage of different nonlinearity functions in its implementation. Although the FastICA algorithm along with its variants are among the most extensively studied methods in the domain of ICA, a rigorous study of the asymptotic distribution of the generalized symmetric FastICA algorithm is still missing. In fact, all the existing results exhibit certain limitations. Some ignores the impact of data standardization on the asymptotic statistics; others are only based on heuristic arguments. In this work, we aim at deriving general and rigorous results on the limiting distribution and the asymptotic statistics of the FastICA algorithm. We begin by showing that the generalized symmetric FastICA optimizes a function that is a sum of the contrast functions of traditional one-unit FastICA with a correction of the sign. Based on this characterization, we established the asymptotic normality and derived a closed-form analytic expression of the asymptotic covariance matrix of the generalized symmetric FastICA estimator using the method of estimating equation and M-estimator. Computer simulations are also provided, which support the theoretical results.
Variable Iodine Intake Persists in the Context of Universal Salt Iodization in China

Iodine deficiency disorders were prevalent in China until the introduction of universal salt iodization in 1995. Concerns have recently arisen about possible excess iodine intake in this context. To document iodine intake and the contribution from iodized salt in China, we surveyed dietary iodine intake during China’s nationally representative 2007 total diet study (TDS) and during an additional TDS in 4 coastal provinces and Beijing in 2009. Iodine intake was broken down by age and sex in 2009. Mean daily iodine and salt intake and the contribution from different food and beverage groups (and in 2009, individual items) was measured. The iodine in food cooked with iodized and noniodized salt was also assessed. The mean calculated iodine intake of a standard male in China was 425 μg/d in 2007 and 325 μg/d in coastal areas in 2009, well below the upper limit (UL) in all provinces. In 2009, iodine intake was above the UL in only 1–7% of age-sex groups, except among children (18–19%). A concerning number of individuals consumed less than the WHO-recommended daily allowance, including 31.5% of adult women. Salt contributed 63.5% of food iodine, and 24.6% of salt iodine was lost in cooking. Overall salt consumption declined between the surveys. Salt iodization assures iodine nutrition in China where environmental iodine is widely lacking. The risk of iodine excess is low, but planned decreases in salt iodization levels may increase the existing risk of inadequate intake. Regular monitoring of urinary iodine and more research on the impact of excess iodine intake is recommended.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Returns for entrepreneurs versus employees : the effect of education and personal control on the relative performance of entrepreneurs vis-à-vis wage employees

How valuable is education for entrepreneurs’ performance as compared to employees’? What might explain any differences? And does education affect peoples’ occupational choices accordingly? We answer these questions based on a large panel of US labor force participants. We show that education affects peoples’ decisions to become an entrepreneur negatively. We show furthermore that entrepreneurs have higher returns to education than employees (in terms of the comparable performance measure ‘income’). This is the case even when estimating individual fixed effects of the differential returns to education for spells in entrepreneurship versus wage employment, thereby accounting for selectivity into entrepreneurial positions based on fixed individual characteristics. We find these results irrespective of whether we control for general ability and/or whether we use instrumental variables to cope with the endogenous nature of education in income equations. Finally, we find (indirect) support for the argument that the higher returns to education for entrepreneurs is due to fewer (organizational) constraints faced by entrepreneurs when optimizing the profitable employment of their education. Entrepreneurs have more personal control over the profitable employment of their human capital than wage employees. JEL-codes: J23, J24, J31, J44, M13