Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Myocardial contrast echocardiography yields best accuracy using quantitative analysis of digital data from pulse inversion technique: comparison with second harmonic imaging and harmonic power Doppler during simultaneous dipyridamole stress SPECT studies.

AIMS This prospective study assesses the (1) feasibility of quantifying ultrasound myocardial perfusion studies based on the densitometric analysis of digital data and the (2) comparison of pulse inversion, second harmonic and harmonic power Doppler modalities with SPECT. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-three patients with suspected ischaemic heart disease had i.v. injections of Tc-Sestamibi and Optison during a dipyridamole stress test for echocardiography in pulse inversion, second harmonic and harmonic power Doppler mode. Analysis was (a) visual by scoring and (b) quantitative by densitometry of digital data for background subtracted myocardial opacification (a.u.) and normalized contrast effect (%). In the nine control patients, myocardial opacification at stress was greater (P< or =0.002) than in the pathologic group (5. +/- 3.3 vs 2.6 +/- 2.5 a.u. in pulse inversion, 5.4 +/- 2.1 vs 2.4 +/- 1.8 in second harmonic and 7.1 +/- 3.7 vs 4.9 +/- 3.7 a.u. in harmonic power Doppler). In the pathologic group, normalized contrast effect decreased significantly during stress (23.7 +/- 18.8 to 11.3 +/- 10.8%, P<0.003) only in pulse inversion. Kappa values for patient based diagnostic agreement with SPECT were 0.75 by pulse inversion, 0.62 by second harmonic and 0.52 by harmonic power Doppler for quantitative analysis, and 0.51, 0.37 and 0.35 respectively, for visual assessment. CONCLUSION Myocardial contrast echocardiography should be analysed using densitometry of digital data. The new technique pulse inversion demonstrates best agreement with SPECT data.
Teachers' Limited Wait-Time Practice and Learners' Participation opportunities in EFL Classroom Interaction

Pairing theory with methodology, this study demonstrates how EFL teachers’ limited wait-time practice structures in and affects the structuring of the unfolding classroom discourse with reference to learners’ participation opportunities. Informed by the tenets of conversation analysis, we have observed, videotaped, and transcribed line-by-line 10 EFL teachers’ naturally-occurring classroom interaction. Analyses of six episodes from the data suggest that teachers’ seemingly inadvertent implementation of limited wait-time tends to reduce learners’ interactional space. Moreover, it serves the (dys)function of triggering those interactive practices whose structuring diverts teacher talk from the major pedagogic goal, i.e. increasing leaner participation. The findings of this study can be analytically generalized to the theoretical model of communicative competence. They can also help teachers on their way towards developing their classroom interactional competence.
Lyophilization Does Not Inactivate Infectious Retrovirus in Systemically Infected Bone and Tendon Allografts

Background A review of multiple transplantations of human immunodeficiency virus–infected musculoskeletal allografts found that recipients of lyophilized (freeze-dried) bone or tendon from an infected donor all tested negative for human immunodeficiency virus. The finding that 75% of the recipients of fresh-frozen bone from the same donor contracted human immunodeficiency virus has led to speculation that freeze-drying may render retroviral-infected musculoskeletal allografts noninfectious. Hypothesis Lyophilization does not inactivate retrovirus in systemically infected bone and tendon. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Tendons and cortical bone segments from cats systemically infected with feline leukemia virus were used in this study. Feline embryonic fibroblast cells were cultured in the presence of fresh-frozen or freeze-dried cortical bone or tendon segments. At each passage, feline leukemia virus p27 antigen was measured in media by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and feline leukemia virus (pro)viral nucleic acids were quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the DNA extracted from cells. Results Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results and quantitative polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated retroviral antigen and proviral DNA in all cultured cell replicates after exposure to fresh-frozen or freeze-dried bones or tendons. Conclusion Freeze-drying (lyophilization) of retroviral-infected cortical bone and tendon does not inactivate retrovirus. Clinical Relevance These results conclusively demonstrate that freeze-drying should not be relied on to inactivate infectious retrovirus in systemically infected musculoskeletal allografts.
The rating form of IBD patient concerns: a new measure of health status.

&NA; Health status assessment for persons with chronic illness includes not only symptoms, but also an appraisal of the psychosocial concomitants of illness. In this national study of persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we standardized a disease‐specific 25‐item measure of perceived health status: the Rating Form of IBD Patient Concerns (RFIPC). Factor analysis yielded four indices: a) impact of disease (e.g., being a burden, loss of energy, loss of bowel control); b) sexual intimacy; c) complications of disease (e.g., developing cancer, having surgery, dying early); and d) body stigma (e.g., feeling dirty or smelly). A higher level of IBD concerns was associated with greater disease severity, female gender, and lower educational status. When controlling for these factors, as well as disease type and age, we found that concerns about: a) impact of disease was positively associated with poorer perception of health and well‐being, greater psychological distress (SCL‐90), and poorer daily function (Sickness Impact Profile) (p less than 0.0001); b) sexual intimacy was related to poorer psychologic function (p less than 0.01); and c) complications of disease was related to several measures of poorer daily function (p less than 0.0001 to 0.01). This standardized measure of the worries and concerns of persons with IBD may be used in clinical care and research to evaluate the effects of interventions on IBD patient outcomes.
Calcium and phosphorus intake and prostate cancer risk: a 24-y follow-up study.

BACKGROUND High calcium intake has been associated with an increased risk of advanced-stage and high-grade prostate cancer. Several studies have found a positive association between phosphorus intake and prostate cancer risk. OBJECTIVE We investigated the joint association between calcium and phosphorus and risk of prostate cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, with a focus on lethal and high-grade disease. DESIGN In total, 47,885 men in the cohort reported diet data in 1986 and every 4 y thereafter. From 1986 to 2010, 5861 cases of prostate cancer were identified, including 789 lethal cancers (fatal or metastatic). We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between calcium and phosphorus intake and prostate cancer, with adjustment for potential confounding. RESULTS Calcium intakes >2000 mg/d were associated with greater risk of total prostate cancer and lethal and high-grade cancers. These associations were attenuated and no longer statistically significant when phosphorus intake was adjusted for. Phosphorus intake was associated with greater risk of total, lethal, and high-grade cancers, independent of calcium and intakes of red meat, white meat, dairy, and fish. In latency analysis, calcium and phosphorus had independent effects for different time periods between exposure and diagnosis. Calcium intake was associated with an increased risk of advanced-stage and high-grade disease 12-16 y after exposure, whereas high phosphorus was associated with increased risk of advanced-stage and high-grade disease 0-8 y after exposure. CONCLUSIONS Phosphorus is independently associated with risk of lethal and high-grade prostate cancer. Calcium may not have a strong independent effect on prostate cancer risk except with long latency periods.
Proactive fault-tolerant aggregation protocol for privacy-assured smart metering

Smart meters are integral to demand response in emerging smart grids, by reporting the electricity consumption of users to serve application needs. But reporting real-time usage information for individual households raises privacy concerns. Existing techniques to guarantee differential privacy (DP) of smart meter users either are not fault tolerant or achieve (possibly partial) fault tolerance at high communication overheads. In this paper, we propose a fault-tolerant protocol for smart metering that can handle general communication failures while ensuring DP with significantly improved efficiency and lower errors compared with the state of the art. Our protocol handles fail-stop faults proactively by using a novel design of future ciphertexts, and distributes trust among the smart meters by sharing secret keys among them. We prove the DP properties of our protocol and analyze its advantages in fault tolerance, accuracy, and communication efficiency relative to competing techniques. We illustrate our analysis by simulations driven by real-world traces of electricity consumption.
Answering the critics

Post-development critiques and subsequent debates have sparked revision in the development sector, influencing recent approaches to knowledge in development. This article examines the extent to which the ‘knowledge strategies’ applied to development agencies are compatible with the normative characteristics of ‘reflexive development’. It argues that although development agencies are seemingly in a process of transforming thinking and practice, reflexivity has not gone far enough in the evaluation of development strategies. This has resulted in several deficiencies in the knowledge agenda: a concentration on organizations rather than the development sector; an emphasis on larger organizations while ignoring smaller development actors; and inadequate conceptualizations of ‘learning’.
Learning Strategies in Reading and Writing: EAP Contexts

Presently, the importance of culture and context is becoming a significant feature of research in the field of learning strategies. To date, there has been little research into learning strategies utilized for reading and writing in Asian EAP (English for Academic Purposes) contexts, and in particular in the Thai context. With this in mind, this research investigated learning strategies employed by undergraduate students at a Thai university studying EAP reading and writing courses. The research aimed to identify the most frequently used strategies and different strategy use between ‘successful’ and ‘less successful’ learners. Learning strategies were classified following Oxford’s (1990) six category taxonomy and an additional category of negative strategies. The results revealed metacognitive, cognitive and compensation as the most frequently used strategies overall. Differences in strategy use for successful and less successful readers and writers were also demonstrated. A number of affective and social strategies were identified in the quantitative analysis which needed further investigation. Furthermore, various strategies investigated in earlier learner strategy research seemed, based on this research, to be culturally inappropriate in the Thai context.
Social Work Treatment of Sleep Disturbance in a 5-Year-Old Boy: A Single-Case Evaluation

Objective A social work intervention with sleep disturbance in a family comprising a mother and her 5-year-old son using a behavior-analytic approach. Sleep disturbance is a common childhood problem that can adversely affect family functioning, parental relationship, and child development, but in general, social workers do not deal with the problem. Method Baseline assessment was conducted followed by a descriptive analysis. Intervention techniques included parent training, positive reinforcement, and a behavioral-collaborative approach. Results The child learned to settle when sent to bed and to sleep through the night. The social work intervention was effective in empowering the mother to effect change with her child in the home setting. Conclusion Behavior analysis can be effective in dealing with sleep problems and in providing a framework for antioppressive social work practice.
Emotion in Motion: Investigating the Time-Course of Emotional Judgments of Musical Stimuli

MUSIC ELICITS PROFOUND EMOTIONS; HOWEVER, THE time-course of these emotional responses during listening sessions is unclear. We investigated the length of time required for participants to initiate emotional responses ("integration time") to 138 musical samples from a variety of genres by monitoring their real-time continuous ratings of emotional content and arousal level of the musical excerpts (made using a joystick). On average, participants required 8.31 s ( SEM = 0.10) of music before initiating emotional judgments. Additionally, we found that: 1) integration time depended on familiarity of songs; 2) soul/funk, jazz, and classical genres were more quickly assessed than other genres; and 3) musicians did not differ significantly in their responses from those with minimal instrumental musical experience. Results were partially explained by the tempo of musical stimuli and suggest that decisions regarding musical structure, as well as prior knowledge and musical preference, are involved in the emotional response to music.
CULTURAL ORIENTATION AND THE STUDY OF FOREIGN LITERATURE

In the Philippines, high school students study via English, a second language. The results of the present research suggested that Filipino high school students misunderstand American short stories because they read into them inappropriate values, attitudes, and judgments. The technique of cultural contrastive analysis was used to isolate potential areas of difficulty. A group of students taught using information provided by this technique, and then tested, performed more like an American control group than Filipino students who had not received this training. The implications of these findings for other pupils studying via second languages are discussed. In the Philippines until 1957, English was the medium of instruction at all grade levels. At that time, the decision was made to use the local vernacular language as the medium of instruction in grades 1 and 2 with the result that classes in Manila are now taught using Tagalog; those in Cebu City using Cebuano, and so forth. From grade 3 onward, however, classes continue to be taught via English which in many instances appears to remain very much a weak language, even at the high school level (Tucker, 1968). Filipino high school students typically study American and British literature. In fact, they use many of our North American anthologies to read stories with which we are all familiar, such as "To Build a Fire" by Jack London, "My Financial Career" by Stephen Leacock, and "The Hero" by Margaret Weymouth Jackson. At first glance, their literature classes seem to be very similar to those in any North American secondary school; but observers soon sense that the Filipino students don't seem to enjoy the stories or to appreciate them in the same way that our pupils do-perhaps because they do not fully understand them. These casual observations suggest that "cultural filtering" may affect the literature appreciation of many students whose native language is not English, particularly those from non-Western backgrounds, who may bring inappropriate attitudinal and judgmental expectations with them to the classroom. These observations, if correct, suggest the desirability of teach* This study was conducted while Miss Gatbonton was a graduate student at Ateneo de Manila University and G. R. Tucker was a project consultant with the Ford Foundation at the Philippine Normal College. The preparation of the report was financed, in part, by grants from the Canada Council and the Defense Research Board to W. E. Lambert and G. R. Tucker.
Stability of Delinquent Peer Associations

The study of delinquent peers has remained at the forefront of much criminological research and theorizing. One issue of particular importance involves the factors related to why people associate with and maintain a sustained involvement with delinquent peers. Although efforts have been made to address these questions, relatively little attempt has been made to understand these relationships from a biosocial perspective. This gap in the literature is addressed in an analysis of twins from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). The results of the univariate behavioral genetic models reveal that genetic factors account for between 58% and 74% of the variance in the association with delinquent peers, with the remaining variance attributable to environmental factors. Bivariate Cholesky decomposition models reveal that genetic factors account for 58% of the variance in the stability in delinquent peers. The shared environment explains 34% of the variance in stability, and the remaining 8% is attributable to the nonshared environment. The importance of a biosocial approach in criminological research is discussed.
Entertainment 2.0? The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Need Satisfaction for the Enjoyment of Facebook Use

While intrinsic motivation has received broad attention in recent entertainment research, the effects of extrinsic motivation, such as social pressure to use media, on media enjoyment remain unknown. Based on an online-survey (N = 230), this study tested the effects of intrinsic need satisfaction and perceived social pressure on the enjoyment of Facebook use with structural equation modeling. The results reveal complex effects of extrinsic motivation: While social pressure negatively affected autonomy need satisfaction, it was positively related to competence and relatedness need satisfaction. This study is the first to develop and test a theoretical model of entertainment experience in the context of social media use and to theoretically integrate the role of extrinsic need satisfaction in media enjoyment.
Altruism in Drunk Driving Situations - Personal and Situational Factors in Intervention

The decision to intervene in a potential drunk driving situation is examined in a survey administered to two upper-division university classes. In this sample of 192 students, 61 percent of whom are female and 53 percent of whom are persons of color, 51 percent report having intervened at least once in the last year. A stage model of decision making developed by Latane and Darley (1970) was modified to reflect the DUI situation and was used to interpret the data. We tested a set of hypotheses examining the modified four-step decisionmaking process of intervention and the individual and situationalfactors that influence each of the steps. An elaborated, structural model revealed that no individual variable predicted any step in the decision-making model. Situational variables that predicted intervention and other aspects of the decision to intervene included 1) affinity toward the driver, 2) amount of alcohol consumed in the drunk driving situation, 3) number of persons present in the situation, and 4) number of persons in the situation known by the respondent,
Top-management-team tenure and organizational outcomes: The moderating role of managerial discretion.

This project was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Irwin Foundation, and Columbia University's Executive Leadership Research Center. We would like to thank Warren Boeker, Bert Cannella, Ming-Jer Chen, John Delaney, Jim Fredrickson, Sara Keck, Nandini Rajagopalan, Mike Tushman, and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. Drawing on an upper-echelons framework to study the effects of top-management-team tenure and modeling managerial discretion as a moderating variable, this study examined the relationship between managerial tenure and such organizational outcomes as strategic persistence and conformity in strategy and performance with other firms in an industry. In a sample of 100 organizations in the computer, chemical, and natural-gas distribution industries, executive-team tenure was found to have a significant effect on strategy and performance, with long-tenured managerial teams following more persistent strategies, strategies that conformed to central tendencies of the industry, and exhibiting performance that closely adhered to industry averages. Consistent with the theory, results differed depending on the level of managerial discretion, with the strongest results occurring in contexts that allowed managers high discretion. '
Large-Eddy Simulation of High Mach Number Film Cooling with ShockWave Interaction

The impact of shock waves on supersonic cooling films is studied using large-eddy simulations (LES). A laminar cooling film is injected through a slot at a Mach number Mai = 1.8 into a fully turbulent boundary layer at a freestream Mach number Ma∞ = 2.44. The cooling film is disturbed by oblique shock waves at deflection angles of 5° and 8° at two downstream positions of the slot. At shock impingement close to the slot, i.e., within the potential-core region, at a flow deflection of 5°, a cooling effectiveness decrease of 33 % occurs downstream of the separation bubble compared to a configuration without shock impingement. If the same shock impinges further downstream upon the boundary-layer region, the decrease is only 17 %. The stronger 8° shock wave at the further downstream impingement position leads to a maximum decrease of 33 %.
Personality Correlates of College Reading and Study Skills

This study followed Spache's well-known discussion of reading as an extension of personality. It recognizes the research literature and the generally accepted belief that some relationship does exist between reading and personality. It is, however, one of few investigations that studies normal and good readers rather than remedial groups. The purpose of the study was to answer two questions: (1) Is there a relationship between personality and reading comprehension in a large population of college freshmen? (2) Is there a difference in study methods between highand low-achieving freshman students within two personality types characterized by low test scores and grades? Personality type and reading comprehension scores were obtained from 2,514 entering 1972 freshmen at the University of Florida. On the basis of aliigh school senior achievement test and high school GPA, the students constituted the top 14 percent of the population and were considered competent readers as a group. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), the Paragraph Comprehension section of the McGraw-Hill Reading Test (MHRT), and the Survey of Reading/ Study Efficiency (SR/SE) were used. The MBTI is a 166-item, forced-choice, self-report questionnaire based on Jung's description of psychological types. It generates 16 personality types based on 4 interacting preferences for ways of using one's mind. The Paragraph Comprehension section of the MHRT measure is composed of 10 paragraphs selected from freshman-level textbooks, followed by 30 comprehension items. The SR/SE is a self-report checklist of behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs relative to reading and study skills. For the purposes of the study only the Study Management and Study Reading sections were used. It was administered to 15 high (3.0 GPA or higher) and 15 low (2.0 GPA or lower) achieving students of two personality type groups. The two groups had been identified from previous studies as demonstrating poor academic achievement and reading skills. Results of the study skills portion of the study indicated that among the several study skills only time use items differentiated highfrom low-achieving