Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stable early maternal report of behavioral inhibition predicts lifetime social anxiety disorder in adolescence.

OBJECTIVE Behavioral inhibition (BI), a temperamental style identifiable in early childhood, is considered a risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders, particularly social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, few studies examining this question have evaluated the stability of BI across multiple developmental time points and followed participants into adolescence-the developmental period during which risk for SAD onset is at its peak. The current study used a prospective longitudinal design to determine whether stable early BI predicted the presence of psychiatric disorders and continuous levels of social anxiety in adolescents. It was hypothesized that stable BI would predict the presence of adolescent psychiatric diagnoses, specifically SAD. METHOD Participants included 126 adolescents aged 14 to 16 years who were first recruited at 4 months of age from hospital birth records. Temperament was measured at multiple time points between the ages of 14 months and 7 years. In adolescence, diagnostic interviews were conducted with parents and adolescents, and continuous measures of adolescent- and parent-reported social anxiety were collected. RESULTS Stable maternal-reported early BI was associated with 3.79 times increased odds of a lifetime SAD diagnosis, but not other diagnoses, during adolescence (95% confidence interval 1.18-12.12). Stable maternal-reported early BI also predicted independent adolescent and parent ratings of ongoing social anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggesting that stable maternal-reported early BI predicts lifetime SAD have important implications for the early identification and prevention of SAD.
Profiling of Secondary Metabolites in Aerial Parts of Phanera bracteata

The flavonoid 4’,5,7-trihydroxy-6,8-dimethylflavanone (farresol) and 3’,4’,-4trihydroxy chalcone (isoliquiritigenin) together with triterpenoid (friedelin) were isolated from the aerial parts of P. bracteata. The structure of these compounds was determined on the basis of spectroscopic data including UV, IR, 1-D and 2-D, NMR and mass spectral analysis. This is the first report on the occurrence of these compounds in this plant.
Latent class analysis of comorbidity patterns among women with generalized and localized vulvodynia: preliminary findings

Background The pattern and extent of clustering of comorbid pain conditions with vulvodynia is largely unknown. However, elucidating such patterns may improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in these common causes of chronic pain. We sought to describe the pattern of comorbid pain clustering in a population-based sample of women with diagnosed vulvodynia. Methods A total of 1457 women with diagnosed vulvodynia self-reported their type of vulvar pain as localized, generalized, or both. Respondents were also surveyed about the presence of comorbid pain conditions, including temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders, interstitial cystitis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, endometriosis, and chronic headache. Age-adjusted latent class analysis modeled extant patterns of comorbidity by vulvar pain type, and a multigroup model was used to test for the equality of comorbidity patterns using a comparison of prevalence. A two-class model (no/single comorbidity versus multiple comorbidities) had the best fit in individual and multigroup models. Results For the no/single comorbidity class, the posterior probability prevalence of item endorsement ranged from 0.9% to 24.4%, indicating a low probability of presence. Conversely, the multiple comorbidity class showed that at least two comorbid conditions were likely to be endorsed by at least 50% of women in that class, and irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia were the most common comorbidities regardless of type of vulvar pain. Prevalence of the multiple comorbidity class differed by type of vulvar pain: both (37.6% prevalence, referent), generalized (21.6% prevalence, adjusted odds ratio 0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.61), or localized (12.5% prevalence, adjusted odds ratio 0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.21–0.47). Conclusion This novel work provides insight into potential shared mechanisms of vulvodynia by describing that a prominent comorbidity pattern involves having both irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia. In addition, the prevalence of a multiple comorbidity class pattern increases with increasing severity of vulvar pain.
Monocytic Cells Become Less Compressible but More Deformable upon Activation

Aims Monocytes play a significant role in the development of atherosclerosis. During the process of inflammation, circulating monocytes become activated in the blood stream. The consequent interactions of the activated monocytes with the blood flow and endothelial cells result in reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins, in particular of the microfilament structure, and concomitant changes in cell shape and mechanical behavior. Here we investigate the full elastic behavior of activated monocytes in relation to their cytoskeletal structure to obtain a better understanding of cell behavior during the progression of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Methods and Results The recently developed Capillary Micromechanics technique, based on exposing a cell to a pressure difference in a tapered glass microcapillary, was used to measure the deformation of activated and non-activated monocytic cells. Monitoring the elastic response of individual cells up to large deformations allowed us to obtain both the compressive and the shear modulus of a cell from a single experiment. Activation by inflammatory chemokines affected the cytoskeletal organization and increased the elastic compressive modulus of monocytes with 73–340%, while their resistance to shape deformation decreased, as indicated by a 25–88% drop in the cell’s shear modulus. This decrease in deformability is particularly pronounced at high strains, such as those that occur during diapedesis through the vascular wall. Conclusion Overall, monocytic cells become less compressible but more deformable upon activation. This change in mechanical response under different modes of deformation could be important in understanding the interplay between the mechanics and function of these cells. In addition, our data are of direct relevance for computational modeling and analysis of the distinct monocytic behavior in the circulation and the extravascular space. Lastly, an understanding of the changes of monocyte mechanical properties will be important in the development of diagnostic tools and therapies concentrating on circulating cells.
Normalization-based approach to electric motor BVR related capacitances computation

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) bearing currents that may occur within electric machines of variable-speed-driven motor systems have been recognized for a long time. One important factor of influence, the capacitive voltage divider “bearing-voltage-ratio” BVR of the machine strongly depends on the rotor-to-frame and the stator winding-to-rotor capacitances which are, in turn, affected by the design of the machine's stator slot. This paper presents an approach to improve the accuracy with which these capacitances can be estimated. It is based on the well-known plate capacitance equation which is then corrected by normalization functions. The functions are defined by extensive parameter studies using electrostatic FEM simulations. The final expressions not only allow relatively accurately predicting the stator-winding-to-rotor and rotor-to-frame capacitances. They are also easily applicable, so as to, for example, easily study the sensitivity of the BVR towards changes of the different stator slot parameters.
Age-specific sex difference in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma possesses a notable sex difference in incidence, and a protective role of estrogens has been hypothesized. Methods Using data from 13 cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, we describe the age-specific sex difference in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States during 1992-2013. We used a curve fitting by non-linear regression to quantitatively characterize the age-specific incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma by sex. Results A total of 44,287 incident cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (33,196 males and 11,091 females) were included, with an overall male-to-female ratio in age-standardized rate of 3.55. The sex ratio was below 2 at ages <25 years, increased with age from ages 25-29 years until peaking at 5.40 at ages 50-54 years, and declined thereafter. We also observed additional peaks in the age-specific sex ratio curves at ages 25-34 years across racial/ethnic groups. Modelling of age-specific incidence rates indicated a 15-year delayed increase with age in females compared with males in Asian and Pacific Islanders, and an 11-year delay in Hispanic whites. Conclusions The age-dependent patterns in the sex difference in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma support the hypothesis of a protective role of estrogens. The underlying reasons for the sex difference in hepatocellular carcinoma remain to be further explored in analytic epidemiological studies.
The forelimb of †Cyonasua sp. (Procyonidae, Carnivora): ecomorphological interpretation in the context of carnivorans

ABSTRACT The procyonid †Cyonasua is endemic to South America and recorded from the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene. This paper studies the forelimb of †Cyonasua sp. (late Pliocene of Miramar, Argentina), using an ecomorphological approach to infer morphological adaptations linked to substrate preference and locomotory mode, as well as to grasping and digging ability. Twenty linear measurements of forelimb and pectoral girdle were taken from †Cyonasua sp. and a sample of 87 specimens of extant carnivoran families (Procyonidae, Mustelidae, Ursidae, Viverridae, Canidae and Felidae). Raw values were transformed to minimise the effect of size. Morphological variation was explored by principal component analysis (PCA); substrate preference and locomotory mode were further analysed by multivariate analysis of variance (MAV) and discriminant analysis (DA); grasping and digging ability were analysed by DA. In the PCA morphospace, †Cyonasua sp. occupied a unique position, close to extant procyonids. DA classified it as non-specialised digger with poor grasping ability. The results lead to the interpretation of †Cyonasua sp. as having a moderately stabilised elbow joint with poor pronation–supination, although some climbing skills cannot be ruled out. Thus, †Cyonasua sp. could have had generalised habits, in agreement with reconstructed palaeoenvironmental conditions.
Resistance patterns and genetic variations in patients with hepatitis C virus: emerging role of telaprevir

High genetic variability is a characteristic of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: infinite virus isolates are classified into six genotypes plus an emerging seventh one, and an indefinite number of subtypes. The variability is directly connected to the environmental adaptation of infective agents or to the change induced by antiviral therapies. During therapy, wild type isolates are substituted by resistant mutants that are able to maintain the infection. The standard therapy (pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin) only partially eradicates HCV infection. However, particularly in genotype 1 infection, the rate of uncured patients remains high (between 50% and 60%). Specifically targeted antiviral therapies for HCV infection (STAT-C) consist of develop- ing new antivirals aimed at blocking the virus proteins involved in different replication steps. Telaprevir is an anti-NS3-NS4 protease in phase III trials and represents a promising therapy, especially when associated with PEG-IFN and ribavirin. In vitro and in vivo research studies describe mutations that confers resistance to telaprevir in NS3-NS4 protease (V36A/M/L/G, F43, T54A, R130K, R155L/K/T/Q, A156T/S/V, V170A and Q195K). The emergence of these mutations describes the adaptation capability of HCV infection.
International Migration and Regional Housing Markets: Evidence from France

This article examines the causal relations between immigration and the characteristics of the housing market in host regions. We constructed a unique database from administrative records and used it to assess annual migration flows into France’s twenty-two administrative regions from 1990 to 2013. We then estimated various panel vector autoregression models, taking into account gross domestic product per capita and the unemployment rate as the main regional economic indicators. We find that immigration has no significant effect on property prices but that higher property prices significantly reduce immigration rates. We also find no significant relationship between immigration and social housing supply.
Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin for 8 or 12 weeks for the treatment of HCV genotype 4 infection: results from a randomised phase III study in Egypt

Objective We evaluated the efficacy and safety of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir alone and with ribavirin for 8 and 12 weeks in Egyptian patients with and without cirrhosis, who were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4, including those who had failed previous treatment with sofosbuvir regimens. Design In this open-label, multicentre, phase III study, treatment-naive patients were randomised to receive 8 or 12 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir±ribavirin. Interferon treatment-experienced patients were randomised to receive 12 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir±ribavirin, while sofosbuvir-experienced or ledipasvir/sofosbuvir-experienced patients received 12 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir+ribavirin. Randomisation was stratified by cirrhosis status. The primary endpoint was sustained virological response 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12). Results We enrolled 255 patients from four centres in Egypt. Among treatment-naive patients, SVR12 rates were 95% and 90% for those receiving 8 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir alone and with ribavirin, respectively, and 98% for those receiving 12 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir both alone and with ribavirin. Among interferon-experienced patients, SVR rates were 94% for those receiving 12 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir and 100% for those receiving 12 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir plus ribavirin. All patients previously treated with sofosbuvir regimens who received ledipasvir/sofosbuvir plus ribavirin achieved SVR12. The most common adverse events, headache and fatigue, were more common among patients receiving ribavirin. Conclusion Among non-cirrhotic treatment-naive patients with HCV genotype 4, 8 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir±ribavirin was highly effective. Twelve weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir±ribavirin was highly effective regardless of presence of cirrhosis or prior treatment experience, including previous treatment with sofosbuvir or ledipasvir/sofosbuvir. Trial registration number NCT02487030.
Focus is key: Panic-focused interpretations are associated with symptomatic improvement in panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy

ABSTRACT Objective: This study examines whether, in panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy (PFPP), interpretations of conflicts that underlie anxiety (panic-focused or PF-interpretations) are specifically associated with subsequent panic disorder (PD) symptom improvement, over and above the provision of non-symptom-focused interpretations. Method: Technique use in Sessions 2 and 10 of a 24-session PFPP protocol was assessed for the 65 patients with complete outcome data randomized to PFPP in a two-site trial of psychotherapies for PD. Sessions were rated in 15-min segments for therapists’ use of PF-interpretations, non-PF-interpretations, and PF-clarifications. Robust regressions were conducted to examine the relationship between these interventions and symptom change subsequent to the sampled session. Interpersonal problems were examined as a moderator of the relationship of PF-interpretations to symptom change. Results: At Session 10, but not at Session 2, patients who received a higher degree of PF-interpretations experienced greater subsequent improvement in panic symptoms. Non-PF-interpretations were not predictive. Patients with more interpersonal distress benefitted particularly from the use of PF-interpretations at Session 10. Conclusions: By the middle phase of PFPP, panic-focused interpretations may drive subsequent improvements in panic symptoms, especially among patients with higher interpersonal distress. Interpretations of conflict absent a panic focus may not be especially helpful.
Bees use the taste of pollen to determine which flowers to visit

Pollen plays a dual role as both a gametophyte and a nutritional reward for pollinators. Although pollen chemistry varies across plant species, its functional significance in pollination has remained obscure, in part because little is known about how floral visitors assess it. Bees rely on pollen for protein, but whether foragers evaluate its chemistry is unclear, as it is primarily consumed by larvae. We asked whether the chemical composition of pollen influences bumblebees' foraging behaviour. Using putatively sweet and bitter pollen blends, we found that chemical composition influenced two aspects of bee behaviour relevant to plant fitness: the amount of pollen collected and the likelihood of subsequently visiting a visually similar flower. These findings offer a new perspective on the nutritional ecology of plant–pollinator interactions, as they show that pollen's taste may mediate its collection and transfer.
Identification of nucleolar protein No55 as a tumour-associated autoantigen in patients with prostate cancer

Four different genes were identified by immunoscreening of a cDNA expression library from the human prostate cancer cell line DU145 with allogeneic sera from four prostate cancer patients. A cDNA encoding the nucleolar protein No55 was further analysed and shown to be expressed at the mRNA level in several normal tissues, including ovaries, pancreas and prostate and in human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3, PC-3m and LNCaP. By reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction, expression of No55 was several-fold higher in two out of nine prostate cancer primary tumours and two out of two metastatic lesions, compared to normal prostate tissue. Antibodies to No55 were detected in sera from seven out of 47 prostate cancer patients but not in sera from 20 healthy male controls. Sequence analysis of the No55 open reading frame from normal and tumour tissues revealed no tumour-specific mutations. The No55 gene was located to chromosome 17q21, a region reported to be partially deleted in prostate cancer. Considering the immunogenicity of the No55 protein in the tumour host, the expression profile and chromosomal localization of the corresponding gene, studies evaluating No55 as a potential antigen for immunological studies in prostate cancer may be warranted. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Personality Traits and Socio-Demographic Variables as Correlates of Counselling Effectiveness of Counsellors in Enugu State, Nigeria

Quality personality traits and socio-demographic variables are essential elements of effective counselling. This correlational study investigated personality traits and socio-demographic variables as predictors of counselling effectiveness of counsellors in Enugu State. The instruments for data collection were Personality Traits Assessment Scale and Counselling Effectiveness Inventory. These instruments were validated by three experts in Counselling Psychology. The reliability coefficients of Personality Traits Assessment Scale and Counselling Effectiveness Inventory as established by test-retest method and Pearson product moment correlation technique were 0.78 and 0.83 respectively. A sample of 309 registered and practising counsellors participated in the study. Four research questions and four hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Research questions 1 and 3 were answered using the coefficient of regression (r), while research questions 2 and 4 were answered using the beta values associated with multiple regression analysis. Hypotheses 1 and 3 were tested at 0.05 probability level using analysis of variance associated with multiple regression analysis while hypotheses 2 and 4 were tested at 0.05 probability level using independent sample t-test associated with multiple regression analysis. Some major findings of this study revealed that there was a positive and significant joint relationship between personality traits and counselling effectiveness; extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness each had a positive relationship with counselling effectiveness of counsellors while neurotism had a negative relationship with the counselling effectiveness; socio-demographic variables had a positive and significant joint relationship with counselling effectiveness. It was therefore recommended that for effective counselling to take place, the counsellors should endeavour to manifest only the personality traits that relate positively with counselling effectiveness so as to produce effective counselling.
Fatigue life prediction model for surface mountable power electronics fuses

In this paper, a multi-physics based fatigue life prediction model for surface mountable power electronics fuses is presented. It is aimed at a realistic, simple and accurate model development conducted through pulse cycling. Fatigue is the dominating failure mechanism of fuse links and enhancing their cycle life is a major concern for power electronics designers and users. To reduce development time and cost, fatigue life is conventionally obtained empirically through accelerated thermal cycling, which assumes uniform temperature in the fuse link. In actual applications, the fuse assembly is subjected to pulse cycling, power cycling, series of surge currents, etc., and fuse links are subjected to non-uniform temperature. This nonuniform temperature and mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between fuse components makes the fuse deform differently than the case of uniform temperature. In this work, a pulse cycling analysis scheme is proposed and conducted to predict chip fuse fatigue. Numerical simulations are performed by finite element analyses. It is found that decreasing the cold resistance of the fuse by 38 percent will increase the cycles-to-failure by at least 3x for large ON-times at rated current of wire-in-air fuses.
Abscisic Acid Induces Rapid Subnuclear Reorganization in Guard Cells1[w]

While the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is well established as a regulator of gene transcription and ion channel activity ([Rock, 2000][1]; [Assmann and Wang 2001][2]; [Schroeder et al., 2001][3]; [Finkelstein et al., 2002][4]), recent identification of RNA-binding proteins ABH1 (ABA