Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drug consumption facilities in Europe and the establishment of supervised injecting centres in Australia

Kate Dolan PhD, Senior Lecturer, Jo Kimber BSc(Psych)Hons, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New SouthWales; Craig Fry BSc(Hons), Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Melbourne; John Fitzgerald PhD, Department of Criminology,Melbourne University; David McDonald MA, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, the Australian National University,Canberra, Australia; Franz Trautmann PhD, Trimbos Institute, The Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, TheNetherlands. Correspondence (for reprints) to: Dr Kate Dolan, Senior Lecturer, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University ofNew South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. E-mail: k.dolan@unsw.edu. au
Risk stratification of the patients with Brugada type electrocardiogram: a community-based prospective study.

AIMS Risk stratification of patients with Brugada electrocardiogram (ECG) is being strongly debated. Conflicting results have been suggested from international registries, which enrolled non-consecutive cases, studied with different programmed electrical stimulation (PES) protocols. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the incidence of arrhythmic events and the prognostic role of clinical presentation, ECG, and of a standardized PES protocol in consecutive cases from a community-based population. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 166 consecutive patients (45 +/- 14 years) with Brugada ECG were enrolled. Type 1 ECG was observed spontaneously in 72 (43%) and after pharmacological testing in 94 (57%). One hundred and three (62%) were asymptomatic, 58 (35%) had syncope, and five (3%) had a prior cardiac arrest. One hundred and thirty-five (81%) underwent PES with two extra stimuli up to ventricular refractoriness and 34% had ventricular fibrillation (VF) induced. Arrhythmic events occurred in nine patients at a mean follow-up of 30 +/- 21 months (2.2 events per 100 person-year): in three (60%) patients with aborted sudden death (aSD), five (8.6%) of those with syncope, and one (1%) of the asymptomatic. The only predictors of events were a history of syncope or aSD (P = 0.02) and induction at PES (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Clinical presentation is the most important parameter in the risk stratification of patients with Brugada ECG. Programmed electrical stimulation seems valuable, particularly in patients with previous syncope.
Hypothesis for the Initiation of Vasomotion

Vasomotion is the regular variation in tone of arteries. In our study, we suggest a model for the initiation of vasomotion. We suggest that intermittent release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR, cytosolic oscillator), which is initially unsynchronized between the vascular smooth muscle cells, becomes synchronized to initiate vasomotion. The synchronization is achieved by an ion current over the cell membrane, which is activated by the oscillating Ca2+ release. This current results in an oscillating membrane potential, which synchronizes the SR in the vessel wall and starts vasomotion. Therefore, the pacemaker of the vascular wall can be envisaged as a diffuse array of individual cytosolic oscillators that become entrained by a reciprocal interaction with the cell membrane. The model is supported by experimental data. Confocal [Ca2+]i imaging and isometric force development in isolated rat resistance arteries showed that low norepinephrine concentrations induced SR-dependent unsynchronized waves of Ca2+ in the vascular smooth muscle. In the presence of the endothelium, the waves converted to global synchronized oscillations of [Ca2+]i after some time, and vasomotion appeared. Synchronization was also seen in the absence of endothelium if 8-bromo-cGMP was added to the bath. Using the patch-clamp technique and microelectrodes, we showed that Ca2+ release can activate an inward current in isolated smooth muscle cells from the arteries and cause depolarization. These electrophysiological effects of Ca2+ release were cGMP dependent, which is consistent with the possibility that they are important for the cGMP-dependent synchronization. Further support for the model is the observation that a short-lasting current pulse can initiate vasomotion in an unsynchronized artery as expected from the model.
Early Paleocene landbird supports rapid phylogenetic and morphological diversification of crown birds after the K–Pg mass extinction

Significance Molecular (DNA) studies suggest that birds radiated rapidly in the wake of the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction (66 Ma), diversifying into nearly all the major groups we recognize today. However, fossil evidence for this pattern has been difficult to find because of the poor fossilization potential of small, delicate-boned birds. We report a tiny species of bird from ∼62.5 million-year-old rocks in New Mexico. Tsidiiyazhi abini (Navajo for “little morning bird”) is an ancient species of mousebird (Coliiformes). The fossil provides evidence that many groups of birds arose just a few million years after the mass extinction and had already begun evolving specializations of the foot for different ecological roles. Evidence is accumulating for a rapid diversification of birds following the K–Pg extinction. Recent molecular divergence dating studies suggest that birds radiated explosively during the first few million years of the Paleocene; however, fossils from this interval remain poorly represented, hindering our understanding of morphological and ecological specialization in early neoavian birds. Here we report a small fossil bird from the Nacimiento Formation of New Mexico, constrained to 62.221–62.517 Ma. This partial skeleton represents the oldest arboreal crown group bird known. Phylogenetic analyses recovered Tsidiiyazhi abini gen. et sp. nov. as a member of the Sandcoleidae, an extinct basal clade of stem mousebirds (Coliiformes). The discovery of Tsidiiyazhi pushes the minimum divergence ages of as many as nine additional major neoavian lineages into the earliest Paleocene, compressing the duration of the proposed explosive post–K–Pg radiation of modern birds into a very narrow temporal window parallel to that suggested for placental mammals. Simultaneously, Tsidiiyazhi provides evidence for the rapid morphological (and likely ecological) diversification of crown birds. Features of the foot indicate semizygodactyly (the ability to facultatively reverse the fourth pedal digit), and the arcuate arrangement of the pedal trochleae bears a striking resemblance to the conformation in owls (Strigiformes). Inclusion of fossil taxa and branch length estimates impacts ancestral state reconstructions, revealing support for the independent evolution of semizygodactyly in Coliiformes, Leptosomiformes, and Strigiformes, none of which is closely related to extant clades exhibiting full zygodactyly.
A Novel Method of Transgene Delivery into Triticale Plants Using the Agrobacterium Transferred DNA-Derived Nano-Complex[W][OA]

Genetic transformation of monocotyledonous plants still presents a challenge for plant biologists and biotechnologists because monocots are difficult to transform with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, whereas other transgenesis methods, such as gold particle-mediated transformation, result in poor transgene expression because of integration of truncated DNA molecules. We developed a method of transgene delivery into monocots. This method relies on the use of an in vitro-prepared nano-complex consisting of transferred DNA, virulence protein D2, and recombination protein A delivered to triticale microspores with the help of a Tat2 cell-penetrating peptide. We showed that this approach allowed for single transgene copy integration events and prevented degradation of delivered DNA, thus leading to the integration of intact copies of the transgene into the genome of triticale plants. This resulted in transgene expression in all transgenic plants regenerated from microspores transfected with the full transferred DNA/protein complex. This approach can easily substitute the bombardment technique currently used for monocots and will be highly valuable for plant biology and biotechnology.
Silicon MOS Optoelectronic Micro‐Nano Structure Based on Reverse‐Biased PN Junction

Photon emission from Si p‐channel MOS field‐effect transistor (PMOSFET) having 6‐μm effective gate length that is operated as a three‐terminal gate‐controlled light‐emitting diode is fabricated. Using a photon‐emission microscope with a detector responsive to the range of 200–1000 nm, continues emission spectra is obtained in the range of 1.38–2.76 eV), which includes visible light radiation. Since the MOS‐like diode utilizes the field effect induced by the gate for modulation of diode's space charge electric field and hence the optical output from the light emitting diode, the modulation speed for visible and infrared bands can attain higher frequencies with a significant offset. The fabrication of the device is fully compatible with CMOS processing procedures. Therefore, the device can serve as an optical signal modulator in the high frequency range in the optoelectronic systems fabricated by the existing standard silicon technology. This approach of light generation from silicon light‐emitting device (Si‐LED) provides a solution for the challenging task of manufacturing of all‐silicon monolithically integrated optoelectronic systems composed of CMOS transistors and Si‐LED fabricated on the same chip, in the same CMOS standard processing and in the same production lines.
Using clock gating technique for energy reduction in portable computers

Today, Power has become a primary consideration during hardware designs, and is critical in computer systems especially for portable devices for the need of higher performance and more functionality; this requires techniques for energy reduction. Many techniques are used for energy reduction such as, dynamic power management, pipelining, transistor sizing, and clock gating. Clock-gating is the most common technique for reducing microprocessors power. This technique is widely used in digital circuits, and forms the basis of many of the other power reduction techniques; clock-gating implementation becomes an emergency-function, if the CPU is about to overheat, it's means that the CPU is stopped for some cycles and then is working for some cycles based on the supply voltage control, the CPU will consume less energy per period which reduces the total power usage of a program. This paper presents a hardware design of the clock gating technique, which enables the CPU to reduce the supply voltage accompanied with the clock frequency, based on its workload variation, which leads to a possible reduction in power requirements. Spice simulation results confirm and verify the theoretical idea and successful hardware operations.
The Spleen Is an Ideal Site for Inducing Transplanted Islet Graft Expansion in Mice

Alternative islet transplantation sites have the potential to reduce the marginal number of islets required to ameliorate hyperglycemia in recipients with diabetes. Previously, we reported that T cell leukemia homeobox 1 (Tlx1)+ stem cells in the spleen effectively regenerated into insulin-producing cells in the pancreas of non-obese diabetic mice with end-stage disease. Thus, we investigated the spleen as a potential alternative islet transplantation site. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice received syngeneic islets into the portal vein (PV), beneath the kidney capsule (KC), or into the spleen (SP). The marginal number of islets by PV, KC, or SP was 200, 100, and 50, respectively. Some plasma inflammatory cytokine levels in the SP group were significantly lower than those of the PV group after receiving a marginal number of islets, indicating reduced inflammation in the SP group. Insulin contents were increased 280 days after islet transplantation compared with those immediately following transplantation (p<0.05). Additionally, Tlx1-related genes, including Rrm2b and Pla2g2d, were up-regulated, which indicates that islet grafts expanded in the spleen. The spleen is an ideal candidate for an alternative islet transplantation site because of the resulting reduced inflammation and expansion of the islet graft.
Cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia

Purpose Further clarification of the nature of cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia is needed to aid the endophenotype approach to the understanding of the genetic basis of the disorder. This review summarizes recent neuropsychological studies of schizophrenia, aimed at establishing whether there are valid forms of cognitive impairment that can be defined with the use of neuropsychological measures in patients with schizophrenia, and studies that have attempted to relate specific neuropsychological findings to genetic polymorphisms. Recent findings There is good evidence for significant cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia. It is not yet clear, however, whether this heterogeneity is better accounted for by a general loss of function, varying in degree between different patients, or by impairment in specific cognitive abilities, for example working memory. Molecular genetic studies have provided evidence for associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms with both specific and general impairments, with some additional support for a working memory deficit from neuroimaging studies. Summary Larger, better controlled studies are needed before the genetic sources of cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia can be accurately characterized. This will be aided with the development and use of more specific neuropsychological tasks that can accurately discriminate between different cognitive domains.
Experiment 1 : Phonetic implementation of lexical geminates

Tashlhiyt Berber has contrastive singleton and lexical geminate consonants in all positions. In addition, it has two types of phonologically derived geminates: concatenated and assimilated ones. Within CV phonology, geminates, including post-lexical ones, are represented as single melodic units associated to two prosodic positions. This study examines the way these abstract autosegmental representations are reflected in the phonetic details of speech production. In particular, it investigates two questions: what are the acoustic and articulatory differences between singletons and lexical geminates; and are there any acoustic differences between the three types of geminates. Results show that the primary correlate which distinguishes singletons from geminates is duration, even for voiceless stops after pause. This primary correlate is enhanced by additional correlates which are crucial to perception of absolute initial and final geminates. The comparison between the three types of geminates shows that they all display the same temporal values which supports the assignment of the same timing representation to these three types of geminates. However, while assimilated geminates, like underlying ones, are enhanced by additional acoustic attributes, concatenated geminates are not. Implications of these results for the general issue of geminate behaviour are discussed, with particular interest on geminate Ambiguity and geminate Inalterability.
Delayed Dermal Hypersensitivity in Mice to Spherule and Mycelial Extracts of Coccidioides immitis

Kong, Yi-chi M. (University of California, Berkeley), D. C. Savage, and Leighton N. L. Kong. Delayed dermal hypersensitivity in mice to spherule and mycelial extracts of Coccidioides immitis. J. Bacteriol. 91:876–883. 1966. —A delayed hypersensitivity reaction to spherule and mycelial extracts of Coccidioides immitis was elicited in the footpads of mice vaccinated with killed spherules. Emulsification of the spherules with Freund's adjuvants was unnecessary, but a high concentration of antigen was required to elicit the reaction. Injection of the extracts produced, initially, a swelling which subsided within 4 hr, and then induration, which began at 6 to 8 hr and reached a maximum at 24 hr. The time course of the reaction corresponded to that of the tuberculin reaction in BCG-vaccinated mice. The histological response to coccidioidal extracts was characterized by the early infiltration of both polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, and the subsequent predominance of mononuclear cells at 24 to 48 hr. By 72 hr, the mononuclear cells comprised >90% of the cellular infiltrate. Animals infected intranasally with arthrospores (1 to 5 ld50) reacted negatively before and during the crisis period; thereafter (by 28 to 31 days after infection), up to 50% of the survivors showed a delayed reaction.
Estimating Fine Particulate Matter Component Concentrations and Size Distributions Using Satellite-Retrieved Fractional Aerosol Optical Depth: Part 1— Method Development

Abstract We develop a method that uses both the total column aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the fractional AOD values for different aerosol types, derived from Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) aerosol data, to estimate ground-level concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass and its major constituents in eastern and western United States. Compared with previous research on linking column AOD with ground-level PM2.5, this method treats various MISR aerosol components as individual predictor variables. Therefore, the contributions of different particle types to PM2.5 concentrations can be estimated. When AOD is greater than 0.15, MISR is able to distinguish dust from non-dust particles with an uncertainty level of approximately 4%, and light-absorbing from non-light-absorbing particles with an uncertainty level of approximately 20%. Further analysis shows that MISR Version 17 aerosol microphysical properties have good sensitivity and internal consistency among different mixture classes. The retrieval uncertainty of individual fractional AODs ranges between 5 and 11% in the eastern United States, and between 11 and 31% in the west for non-dust aerosol components. These results provide confidence that the fractional AOD models with their inherent flexibility can make more accurate predictions of the concentrations of PM2.5 and its constituents.
Comparative assessment of the effect of solanine administered orally and intraperitoneally on hepatic dysfunction in male rats.

An oral dose of 250 mg/kg of solanine did not alter the activities of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and serum cholinesterase (ChE) in male rats 24 hr following the treatment. However, i.p. administered solanine (20 mg/kg) significantly increased the levels of SGOT and SGPT, and decreased the activities of ChE and microsomal enzymes, including cytochrome P-450, suggesting ingested solanine is several times less hepatotoxic than i.p. administered solanine, probably due to its poor absorption from the stomach.
Comparative kinetic analysis of convective and vacuum dried Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. cladodes

Opuntia ficus-indica (Linnaeus) Miller more usually known as fodder palm or nopal belongs to family Cactaceae. In the present study, the drying behavior of the O. ficus-indica cladodes was observed. The study concentrates on comparatively studying two types of commercial drying methods viz., forced convective drying (tray drying) and vacuum drying to dry nopal cladodes at three different temperatures viz. 40, 50 and 60°C. The equilibrium moisture contents for forced convective drying was achieved at 540–720 min and for that of vacuum drying at 600–840 min. Three mathematical drying models for thin layer drying viz. Page, Lewis and Henderson-Pabis model were evaluated for both convective drying and vacuum drying. Statistical parameters such as the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error and reduced χ2 were used to fit the models. Page model was found to be satisfactory for both forced convective and vacuum drying of the nopal cladodes at 40 and 50°C respectively. Among these, two drying methods, forced convective drying method was found to be more suitable than the vacuum drying method for nopal cladodes on the basis of drying time and statistical parameters.
Embedding metric spaces in their intrinsic dimension

A fundamental question of metric embedding is whether the <i>metric dimension</i> of a metric space is related to its <i>intrinsic dimension. </i> That is whether the dimension in which it can be embedded in some real normed space is implied by the intrinsic dimension which is reflected by the inherent geometry of the space. The existence of such an embedding was conjectured by Assouad and was later posed as an open problem by others. This question is tightly related to a major goal of many practical application fields: developing tools to represent intrinsically low dimensional metric data sets in a succinct manner. In this paper we give the first algorithmic technique with formal guarantees for finding faithful and low dimensional representations of data lying in high dimensional space. Our main theorem states that every finite metric space <i>X</i> embeds into Euclidean space with dimension <i>O</i>(dim<i>(X)</i>/∈) and distortion <i>O</i>(log <sup>1+ε</sup><i>n</i>), where dim<i>(X)</i> is the <i>doubling</i> dimension of the space <i>X. </i> Moreover, we show that <i>X</i> can be embedded into dimension <i>Õ</i>(dim<i>(X))</i> with <i>constant</i> average distortion and <i>l<sub>q</sub></i>-distortion for any <i>q</i> < ∞. Our technique also provides a dimension-distortion tradeoff and an extension of Assouad's theorem, providing distance oracles that improve known construction when dim<i>(X)</i> = <i>o</i>(log |<i>X</i>|).
A clinical, electrophysiologic, neuropathologic, and genetic study of two large Algerian families with an autosomal recessive demyelinating form of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease

The hereditary sensory and motor neuropathies form a clinically heterogenous group of disorders, the most frequent of which is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). The autosomal dominant forms of CMT are well characterized, but the nosology of autosomal recessive CMT is still controversial. We report two large consanguineous Algerian families with an autosomal recessive demyelinating CMT and similar clinical manifestations. The clinical, electrophysiologic, and neuropathologic features resemble those of autosomal dominant CMT1, but the early onset and rapid progression of deformities are specific. We excluded by linkage analysis the three loci CMT1A (17p11.2), CMT1B (1q22–231, and CMT4A (Sq11–21.1) responsible for demyelinating forms of CMT. These findings suggest a subtype of autosomal recessive neuropathy, the locus of which is undetermined.
TapSense: combining self-report patterns and typing characteristics for smartphone based emotion detection

Typing based communication applications on smartphones, like WhatsApp, can induce emotional exchanges. The effects of an emotion in one session of communication can persist across sessions. In this work, we attempt automatic emotion detection by jointly modeling the typing characteristics, and the persistence of emotion. Typing characteristics, like speed, number of mistakes, special characters used, are inferred from typing sessions. Self reports recording emotion states after typing sessions capture persistence of emotion. We use this data to train a personalized machine learning model for multi-state emotion classification. We implemented an Android based smartphone application, called TapSense, that records typing related metadata, and uses a carefully designed Experience Sampling Method (ESM) to collect emotion self reports. We are able to classify four emotion states - happy, sad, stressed, and relaxed, with an average accuracy (AUCROC) of 84% for a group of 22 participants who installed and used TapSense for 3 weeks.