Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model-Based Design Study and Evaluation of New HMI Concepts for Vehicle Multimedia, Climate Control and Navigation Systems

The application of Model-Based Design has been well established, documented, and highly refined practice for the development of embedded control systems like those used for power train or chassis controls. Model-Based Design, when applied to in-vehicle electronic systems with human-machine interface (HMI) elements, presents unique challenges and opportunities. Historically, development of the software to drive audio, climate control, navigation or other driver facing functions in a vehicle have been developed with traditional processes. These could include textural requirements and hand coding or application of structured design and analysis tools followed by hand coding. Production of the first working prototype using these traditional methods is much longer than with Model-Based Design. This is an emerging trend in the automotive body electronics design community. This paper will describe the key design elements of the new HMI concept being developed and the development process used to produce a working prototype. Some key advantages of Model-Based Design for demonstration system development will be addressed. The next process steps to move the demonstration towards production will also be discussed.
In Vivo Choroidal Vascular Lesions in Diabetes on Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography

Diabetes induces microvascular diseases including diabetic retinopathy and choroidopathy which reciprocally promote the pathogenesis, although optical coherence tomography images of diabetic choroidopathy remains to be documented. Here we evaluated the qualitative characteristics of choroidal vascular lesions in patients with diabetes and their association with diabetic retinopathy on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) images. We retrospectively reviewed 110 consecutive eyes of 110 patients with diabetes and 35 eyes of 35 healthy subjects for whom SS-OCT images (6x6-mm scans centered on the fovea) of sufficient quality were acquired. The curve of chorioretinal sections was flattened using Bruch’s membrane as a reference surface, followed by generation of en-face images. We characterized choroidal vascular lesions and evaluated their association with the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity (logMAR VA), retinal and choroidal thicknesses, and diabetic retinopathy severity. En-face SS-OCT images showed unvisualized vessels in Sattler’s layer in 33 eyes (30.0%). Focal narrowing was seen in choroidal vessels in Haller’s layer in 56 eyes (50.9%). The choroidal vessels ended in the superficial or middle portion of Haller’s layer, referred to as vascular stumps, in 20 eyes (18.2%). Diabetic eyes had these findings more frequently than nondiabetic eyes. The subfoveal choroid was thicker in eyes with focal vascular narrowing and vascular stumps than in eyes without such lesions. Vascular stumps in Haller’s layer were significantly related to diabetic retinopathy severity, logMAR VA, and central retinal and choroidal thicknesses. These novel findings on SS-OCT images would promote the better understanding of complicated pathogenesis in diabetic retinopathy and choroidopathy.
Sketch-based 3D shape retrieval using Convolutional Neural Networks

Retrieving 3D models from 2D human sketches has received considerable attention in the areas of graphics, image retrieval, and computer vision. Almost always in state of the art approaches a large amount of “best views” are computed for 3D models, with the hope that the query sketch matches one of these 2D projections of 3D models using predefined features. We argue that this two stage approach (view selection - matching) is pragmatic but also problematic because the “best views” are subjective and ambiguous, which makes the matching inputs obscure. This imprecise nature of matching further makes it challenging to choose features manually. Instead of relying on the elusive concept of “best views” and the hand-crafted features, we propose to define our views using a minimalism approach and learn features for both sketches and views. Specifically, we drastically reduce the number of views to only two predefined directions for the whole dataset. Then, we learn two Siamese Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), one for the views and one for the sketches. The loss function is defined on the within-domain as well as the cross-domain similarities. Our experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method is significantly better than state of the art approaches, and outperforms them in all conventional metrics.
From the Lab to the Field: Cooperation among Fishermen

We conduct a field experiment to measure cooperation among groups of recreational fishermen at a privately owned fishing facility. Group earnings are greater when group members catch fewer fish. Consistent with classical economic theory, though in contrast to prior results from laboratory experiments, we find no cooperation. A series of additional treatments identifies causes of the difference. We rule out the subject pool and the laboratory setting as potential causes and identify the type of activity involved as the source of the lack of cooperation in our field experiment. When cooperation requires reducing fishing effort, individuals are not cooperative.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN DEĞER DÜZEYLERİNİN BAZI DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

The aim of this study to research value judgment levels of universty students who attend the course. The study is one of model of relational research. 392 students attended the survey from Adiyaman University. ' Value Measure' and 'Personal Information Form' were used in order to measure value judgment levels. According to the study, the levels of value judgments were generally found suitable and high. It was found that the women students levels were higher than men students levels. Nursing Faculty students levels were found more meaningful than Letters-Science Faculty students.
Flow Synthesis of 2-Methylpyridines via α-Methylation

A series of simple 2-methylpyridines were synthesized in an expedited and convenient manner using a simplified bench-top continuous flow setup. The reactions proceeded with a high degree of selectivity, producing α-methylated pyridines in a much greener fashion than is possible using conventional batch reaction protocols. Eight 2-methylated pyridines were produced by progressing starting material through a column packed with Raney® nickel using a low boiling point alcohol (1-propanol) at high temperature. Simple collection and removal of the solvent gave products in very good yields that were suitable for further use without additional work-up or purification. Overall, this continuous flow method represents a synthetically useful protocol that is superior to batch processes in terms of shorter reaction times, increased safety, avoidance of work-up procedures, and reduced waste. A brief discussion of the possible mechanism(s) of the reaction is also presented which involves heterogeneous catalysis and/or a Ladenberg rearrangement, with the proposed methyl source as C1 of the primary alcohol.
utonomic specificity of basic emotions : Evidence from pattern classification and luster analysis

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) specificity of emotion remains controversial in contemporary emotion research, and has received mixed support over decades of investigation. This study was designed to replicate and extend psychophysiological research, which has used multivariate pattern classification analysis (PCA) in support of ANS specificity. Forty-nine undergraduates (27 women) listened to emotion-inducing music and viewed affective films while a montage of ANS variables, including heart
Voltage-Combined CMOS Doherty Power Amplifier Based on Transformer

This paper presents a voltage-combined CMOS Doherty power amplifier (PA) based on a transformer. The dynamic load modulation of the two-way transformer is analyzed in detail. A comparison between the current- and voltage-combined Doherty PAs shows that the Doherty PA based on a voltage-combining method delivers a broad bandwidth (BW) with a larger load tolerance. The proposed Doherty PA achieves close to ideal load modulation without additional offset line by manipulation of the output capacitances. For demonstration purposes, the PA and output combining transformer are implemented using a 0.18-μm CMOS process and an FR4 printed circuit board, respectively. The PA is tested at 880 MHz using a fully loaded long-term evolution signal with 16-quadrature amplitude modulation, 7.5-dB peak-to-average power ratio, and 10-MHz BW. The PA delivers a gain of 13.3 dB, a power-added efficiency of 47.4%, an error vector magnitude of 3.85%, and E-UTRAACLR of -33 dBc at an average output power of 27 dBm. This simple voltage-combined Doherty PA without any additional circuitry achieves good performance. These results show that the proposed CMOS Doherty PA is suitable for handheld PA applications.
Sugar maple and nitrogen cycling in the forests of Eastern North America.

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) is the most dominant and widely distributed tree species of the northern hardwood forests of the northeastern US and southeastern Canada. Recent studies have shown that sugar maple is also a unique and critical species with regard to nitrogen cycling in forest ecosystems, because forest stands dominated by sugar maple tend to have high rates of nitrification and nitrate leaching to surface waters. In some areas, sugar maple populations may be increasing due to reduction of one of their main competitors, American beech (Fagus grandifolia). However, several factors threaten populations of sugar maple in the near future, including acid deposition, climate change, and the introduction of a new insect pest. Changes in the abundance of sugar maple could lead to major alterations in nitrogen retention by forested watersheds in eastern North America.
Modeling the Dust Properties of z ~ 6 Quasars with ART2—All-Wavelength Radiative Transfer with Adaptive Refinement Tree

The detection of large quantities of dust in z ∼ 6 quasars by infrared and radio surveys presents puzzles for the formation and evolution of dust in these early systems. Previously, Li et al. showed that luminous quasars at z≳ 6 can form through hierarchical mergers of gas-rich galaxies, and that these systems are expected to evolve from starburst through quasar phases. Here, we calculate the dust properties of simulated quasars and their progenitors using a three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code, ART2 (All-wavelength Radiative Transfer with Adaptive Refinement Tree). ART2 incorporates a radiative equilibrium algorithm which treats dust emission self-consistently, an adaptive grid method which can efficiently cover a large dynamic range in both spatial and density scales, a multiphase model of the interstellar medium which accounts for the observed scaling relations of molecular clouds, and a supernova-origin model for dust which can explain the existence of dust in cosmologically young objects. By applying ART2 to the hydrodynamic simulations of Li et al., we reproduce the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) and inferred dust properties of SDSS J1148+5251, the most distant Sloan quasar. We find that the dust and infrared emission are closely associated with the formation and evolution of the quasar host. The system evolves from a cold to a warm ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) owing to heating and feedback from stars and the active galactic nucleus (AGN). Furthermore, the AGN activity has significant implications for the interpretation of observation of the hosts. Our results suggest that vigorous star formation in merging progenitors is necessary to reproduce the observed dust properties of z ∼ 6 quasars, supporting a merger-driven origin for luminous quasars at high redshifts and the starburst-to-quasar evolutionary hypothesis.
DISSIPATION AND EXTRA LIGHT IN GALACTIC NUCLEI. III. “CORE” ELLIPTICALS AND “MISSING” LIGHT

We investigate how “extra” or “excess” central light in the surface brightness profiles of cusp or power-law elliptical galaxies relates to the profiles of ellipticals with cores. The envelopes of cusp ellipticals are established by violent relaxation in mergers acting on stars present in gas-rich progenitor disks, while their centers are structured by the relics of dissipational, compact starbursts. Ellipticals with cores are formed by the subsequent merging of the now gas-poor cusp ellipticals, with the fossil starburst components combining to preserve a dense, compact component in these galaxies as well (although mixing of stars smooths the transition from the outer to inner components in the profiles). By comparing extensive hydrodynamical simulations to observed profiles spanning a broad mass range, we show how to observationally isolate and characterize the relic starburst component in core ellipticals. Our method recovers the younger starburst population, demonstrating that these dense concentrations survive spheroid–spheroid mergers and reflect the degree of dissipation in the initial mergers that formed the penultimate galaxy progenitors. The degree of dissipation in the mergers that produced the cusp ellipticals is a strong function of stellar mass, roughly tracing the observed gas fractions of disks of the same mass over redshifts z ∼ 0–2. The strength of this component strongly correlates with effective radius at fixed mass: systems with more dissipation are more compact, sufficient to explain the discrepancy in the maximum phase-space densities of ellipticals and their progenitor spirals. The survival of this component together with scattering of stars into the envelope in re-mergers naturally explain the high-Sersic index profile shapes characteristic of very massive core ellipticals. This is also closely related to the kinematics and isophotal shapes: only systems with matched starburst components from their profile fits also reproduce the observed kinematics of boxy/core ellipticals. The final “core-scouring” phase of core formation occurs when a black hole binary formed in the merger scatters stars out of the innermost regions of the extra-light component. It is therefore critical to adopt a physically motivated profile decomposition that accounts for the fossil starburst component when attempting to quantify scouring. We show that estimates of the scoured mass that employ single-component forms fitted to the entire galaxy profile can be strongly biased.
The influence of radiatively active water ice clouds on the Martian climate

Radiatively active water ice clouds (RAC) play a key role in shaping the thermal structure of the Martian atmosphere. In this paper, RAC are implemented in the LMD Mars Global Climate Model (GCM) and the simulated temperatures are compared to Thermal Emission Spectrometer observations over a full year. RAC change the temperature gradients and global dynamics of the atmosphere and this change in dynamics in turn implies large‐scale adiabatic temperature changes. Therefore, clouds have both a direct and indirect effect on atmospheric temperatures. RAC successfully reduce major GCM temperature biases, especially in the regions of formation of the aphelion cloud belt where a cold bias of more than 10 K is corrected. Departures from the observations are however seen in the polar regions, and highlight the need for better modeling of cloud formation and evolution.
Predictors of early growth in academic achievement: the head-toes-knees-shoulders task

Children's behavioral self-regulation and executive function (EF; including attentional or cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control) are strong predictors of academic achievement. The present study examined the psychometric properties of a measure of behavioral self-regulation called the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders (HTKS) by assessing construct validity, including relations to EF measures, and predictive validity to academic achievement growth between prekindergarten and kindergarten. In the fall and spring of prekindergarten and kindergarten, 208 children (51% enrolled in Head Start) were assessed on the HTKS, measures of cognitive flexibility, working memory (WM), and inhibitory control, and measures of emergent literacy, mathematics, and vocabulary. For construct validity, the HTKS was significantly related to cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control in prekindergarten and kindergarten. For predictive validity in prekindergarten, a random effects model indicated that the HTKS significantly predicted growth in mathematics, whereas a cognitive flexibility task significantly predicted growth in mathematics and vocabulary. In kindergarten, the HTKS was the only measure to significantly predict growth in all academic outcomes. An alternative conservative analytical approach, a fixed effects analysis (FEA) model, also indicated that growth in both the HTKS and measures of EF significantly predicted growth in mathematics over four time points between prekindergarten and kindergarten. Results demonstrate that the HTKS involves cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control, and is substantively implicated in early achievement, with the strongest relations found for growth in achievement during kindergarten and associations with emergent mathematics.
Exact and non-stiff sampling of highly oscillatory systems: an implicit mass-matrix penalization approach

We propose and analyze an implicit mass-matrix penalization (IMMP) technique which enables efficient and exact sampling of the (Boltzmann/Gibbs) canonical distribution associated to Hamiltonian systems with fast degrees of freedom (fDOFs). The penalty parameters enable arbitrary tuning of the timescale for the selected fDOFs, and the method is interpreted as an interpolation between the exact Hamiltonian dynamics and the dynamics with infinitely slow fDOFs (equivalent to geometrically corrected rigid constraints). This property translates in the associated numerical methods into a tunable trade-off between stability and dynamical modification. The penalization is based on an extended Hamiltonian with artificial constraints associated with each fDOF. By construction, the resulting dynamics is statistically exact with respect to the canonical distribution in position variables. The algorithms can be easily implemented with standard geometric integrators with algebraic constraints given by the expected fDOFs, and has no additional complexity in terms of enforcing the constraint and force evaluations. The method is demonstrated on a high dimensional system with non-convex interactions. Prescribing the macroscopic dynamical timescale, it is shown that the IMMP method increases the time-step stability region with a gain that grows linearly with the size of the system. The latter property, as well as consistency of the macroscopic dynamics of the IMMP method is proved rigorously for linear interactions. Finally, when a large stiffness parameter is introduced, the IMMP method can be tuned to be asymptotically stable, converging towards the heuristically expected Markovian effective dynamics on the slow manifold.
ATLASGAL – environments of 6.7 GHz methanol masers

Using the 870 μm APEX Telescope large area survey of the Galaxy, we have identified 577 submillimetre continuum sources with masers from the methanol multibeam survey in the region 280° 20 M. Furthermore, almost all clumps satisfy the empirical mass-size criterion for massive star formation. Bolometric luminosities taken from the literature for ∼100 clumps range between ∼100 and 10 L. This confirms the link between methanol masers and massive young stars for 90 per cent of our sample. The Galactic distribution of sources suggests that the star formation efficiency is significantly reduced in the Galactic Centre region, compared to the rest of the survey area, where it is broadly constant, and shows a significant drop in the massive star formation rate density in the outer Galaxy. We find no enhancement in source counts towards the southern Scutum-Centaurus arm tangent at l ∼ 315°, which suggests that this arm is not actively forming stars. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Morphology and Viscoelasticity of Actin Networks Formed with the Mutually Interacting Crosslinkers: Palladin and Alpha-actinin

Actin filaments and associated actin binding proteins play an essential role in governing the mechanical properties of eukaryotic cells. Even though cells have multiple actin binding proteins (ABPs) that exist simultaneously to maintain the structural and mechanical integrity of the cellular cytoskeleton, how these proteins work together to determine the properties of actin networks is not clearly understood. The ABP, palladin, is essential for the maintenance of cell morphology and the regulation of cell movement. Palladin coexists with -actinin in stress fibers and focal adhesions and binds to both actin and -actinin. To obtain insight into how mutually interacting actin crosslinking proteins modulate the properties of actin networks, we characterized the micro-structure and mechanics of actin networks crosslinked with palladin and -actinin. We first showed that palladin crosslinks actin filaments into bundled networks which are viscoelastic in nature. Our studies also showed that composite networks of -actinin/palladin/actin behave very similar to pure palladin or pure -actinin networks. However, we found evidence that palladin and -actinin synergistically modify network viscoelasticity. To our knowledge, this is the first quantitative characterization of the physical properties of actin networks crosslinked with two mutually interacting crosslinkers.
Analysis of an Automatic Accessibility Evaluator to Validate a Virtual and Authenticated Environment

This article's objective is to analyze an automatic validation software compatible with the guidelines of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 in an authenticated environment. To the evaluation it was utilized as a test platform the authenticated environment of Moodle, which is an open source platform created for educational environments. Initially, a brief conceptualization about accessibility and the operation of these guidelines was described, and then the software to be tested was chosen: the WAVE. In the next step, the tool's operation was valued and the study's analysis was made, which allowed the comparison between the testable errors of WAVE with the guidelines of WCAG 2.0. As the results of the research, it was concluded that the tool WAVE obtained a good performance, even though it did not include several guidelines of WCAG 2.0 and did not classified the results within the accessibility's principles of Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). Also showed itself more adequate to developers than to common users, which have no knowledge of Web programming language. Keywords—automatic validation tool; WCAG 2.0; accessibility; WAVE)