Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential self-regulatory mechanisms of yoga for psychological health

Research suggesting the beneficial effects of yoga on myriad aspects of psychological health has proliferated in recent years, yet there is currently no overarching framework by which to understand yoga’s potential beneficial effects. Here we provide a theoretical framework and systems-based network model of yoga that focuses on integration of top-down and bottom-up forms of self-regulation. We begin by contextualizing yoga in historical and contemporary settings, and then detail how specific components of yoga practice may affect cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and autonomic output under stress through an emphasis on interoception and bottom-up input, resulting in physical and psychological health. The model describes yoga practice as a comprehensive skillset of synergistic process tools that facilitate bidirectional feedback and integration between high- and low-level brain networks, and afferent and re-afferent input from interoceptive processes (somatosensory, viscerosensory, chemosensory). From a predictive coding perspective we propose a shift to perceptual inference for stress modulation and optimal self-regulation. We describe how the processes that sub-serve self-regulation become more automatized and efficient over time and practice, requiring less effort to initiate when necessary and terminate more rapidly when no longer needed. To support our proposed model, we present the available evidence for yoga affecting self-regulatory pathways, integrating existing constructs from behavior theory and cognitive neuroscience with emerging yoga and meditation research. This paper is intended to guide future basic and clinical research, specifically targeting areas of development in the treatment of stress-mediated psychological disorders.
A Snake Approach for High Quality Image - based 3D Object Modeling

In this paper we present a new approach to high quality 3D object reconstruction by using well known computer vision techniques. Starting from a calibrated sequence of color images, we are able to recover both the 3D geometry and the texture of the real object. The core of the method is based on a classical deformable model, which defines the framework where texture and silhouette information are used as external energies to recover the 3D geometry. A new formulation of the silhouette constraint is derived, and a multi-resolution gradient vector flow diffusion approach is proposed for the stereo-based energy term.
Factors Associated With Work Volition Among Aging Workers in Hong Kong

Work volition refers to the perceived ability of an individual to choose work under constraints. As they age, older workers often face declines in cognitive functioning and adaptability, as well as age discrimination in organizations. Our goal was to examine the relation between the mentioned constraints and work volition for aging workers, and whether general self-efficacy moderated the associations between constraints and work volition. A total of 350 working Chinese (aged over 45 years) in Hong Kong were recruited. Structural equation modeling (SEM) result showed that perceived age discrimination and cognitive constraint (planning and organization) were salient correlations of work volition. Multi-sample SEM analysis verified that general self-efficacy moderated the association between the cognitive constraints as well as perceived age discrimination in the workplace and work volition. Limitations and recommendations, including assessment of work volition, strengthening of general self-efficacy, and elimination of age discrimination, were discussed.
Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2016): comments and comparisons

A high quality diet is believed to play a functional role in promoting the healthy growth of mankind and preventing many kinds of chronic degenerative diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Adherence to a high quality diet has been strongly associated with a lower risk of mortality. To help promote healthy lifestyles and physical strength, the Chinese government has produced a new revised version of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2016) and the Chinese Food Pagoda, as guidance for dietary intake among its population. Similarly, the Japanese government has produced the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top Model, and the US government has recently published revised dietary recommendations in its 2015–2020 eighth edition of Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The evidence from all respective cohort studies involved in producing these guidelines shows a reduced risk of many chronic diseases and mortality if the guidelines are followed. All scientific findings support encouraging the general population to consume a broad variety of food on the basis of nutrient and food intakes in order to prevent deficiency diseases and a surplus of energy and nutrients, and recommend daily physical activity for health promotion.
Involvement and Self-Awareness for the Basic Writer: Graphically Conceptualizing the Writing Process.

Even when students demonstrate new writing behaviors, they can remain several removes from recognizing them, at risk for returning to old, less helpful, patterns. The author proposes a metacognitive intervention not only for students to understand composing in the abstract but to appreciate their impor­ tant roles in managing its complexities. Students are asked to diagram their processes and, in doing so, turn their attention to the moments in between writing tasks in which they planned, questioned, and self-evaluated. The effect is to redress the tentativeness with which students progress from basic to better
Some Exact Results and New Asymptotics for Hypergraph Turán Numbers

Given a family [Fscr ] of r-graphs, let ex(n, [Fscr ]) be the maximum number of edges in an n-vertex r-graph containing no member of [Fscr ]. Let C(r)4 denote the family of r-graphs with distinct edges A, B, C, D, such that A ∩ B = C ∩ D = Ø and A ∪ B = C ∪ D. For s1 [les ] … [les ] sr, let K(r) (s1,…,sr) be the complete r-partite r-graph with parts of sizes s1,…,sr. Füredi conjectured over 15 years ago that ex(n,C(3)4) [les ] (n2) for sufficiently large n. We prove the weaker result ex(n, {C(3)4, K(3)(1,2,4)}) [les ] (n2). Generalizing a well-known conjecture for the Turán number of bipartite graphs, we conjecture that ex(n, K(r)(s1,…,sr)) = Θ(nr−1/s), where s = Πr−1i=1si. We prove this conjecture when s1 = … = sr−2 = 1 and (i) sr−1 = 2, (ii) sr−1 = sr = 3, (iii)sr > (sr−1−1)! In cases (i) and (ii), we determine the asymptotic value of ex(n,K(r)(s1,…,sr)). We also provide an explicit construction giving ex(n,K(3)(2,2,3)) > (1/6−o(1))n8/3. This improves upon the previous best lower bound of Ω(n29/11) obtained by probabilistic methods. Several related open problems are also presented.
The Effect of Hypothalamic Lesions on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity and Inflammation in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis

Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) was induced in control and in hypothalamic lesioned Piebald-Viral-Glaxo (PVG) rats. Following discrete paraventricular nucleus (PVN) lesions plasma corticosterone was increased 14 days after adjuvant injection as in controls, when hind paw inflammation was apparent. PVN lesion did not affect the severity of inflammation. In contrast, following medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) lesions adjuvant did not increase corticosterone levels and the increase in paw volume at day 14 was potentiated. Basal proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression in the anterior lobe was unchanged by PVN lesions and decreased by MBH lesions. AA increased POMC mRNA in controls and in both PVN and MBH lesioned rats. After complete MBH lesion, surviving anterior pituitary tissue maintained morning levels of corticosterone. Thus, AA may activate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis without the mediation of PVN neurones projecting to the median eminence. However, the loss of the corticosterone response to AA and the increase in severity of inflammation in the MBH lesioned rats suggests a central (non-PVN) component mediates effects of inflammation. Furthermore, the increase in POMC mRNA in the MBH lesioned AA rats suggests that part of this process is not mediated by releasing factors in the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system, and that extrahypothalamic (peripheral) mediators act on the pituitary during chronic inflammation.
Generating realistic ISP-level network topologies

Simulations are an important tool in network research. As the selected topology often influences the outcome of the simulation, realistic topologies are needed to produce realistic simulation results. Using several similarity metrics to compare artificially generated topologies with real world topologies this paper gives hints on how to use the widespread topology generators BRITE, TIERS, and GT-ITM to create realistic topologies.
TFEB Overexpression in the P301S Model of Tauopathy Mitigates Increased PHF1 Levels and Lipofuscin Puncta and Rescues Memory Deficits12

Abstract Transcription factor EB (TFEB) was recently shown to be a master regulator of autophagy lysosome pathway. Here, we successfully generated and characterized transgenic mice overexpressing flag-TFEB. Enhanced autophagy in the flag-TFEB transgenic mice was confirmed by an increase in the cellular autophagy markers, as determined by both immunoblots and transmission electron microscopy. Surprisingly, in the flag-TFEB mice we observed increased activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase by ∼66% of neurons in the cortex (p < 0.001) and 73% of neurons in the hippocampus (p < 0.001). More importantly, flag-TFEB expression remarkably reduced the levels of paired-helical filament (PHF)-tau from 372% in the P301S model of tauopathy to 171% (p < 0.001) in the cortex, and from 436% to 212% (p < 0.001) in the hippocampus. Significantly, reduced levels of NeuN in the cortex (38%, p < 0.001) and hippocampus (25%, p < 0.05) of P301S mice were almost completely restored to WT levels in the P301S/flag-TFEB double-transgenic mice. Also, levels of spinophilin in both the cortex (p < 0.001) and hippocampus (p < 0.001) were restored almost to WT levels. Most importantly, the age-associated lipofuscin granules, which are generally presumed to be nondegradable, were reduced by 57% (p < 0.001) in the cortex and by 55% (p < 0.001) in the hippocampus in the double-transgenic mice. Finally, TFEB overexpression in the P301S mice markedly reversed learning deficits in terms of spatial memory (Barnes maze), as well as working and reference memories (T maze). These data suggest that the overexpression of TFEB can reliably enhance autophagy in vivo, reduce levels of PHF-tau, and thereby reverse the deposition of lipofuscin granules and memory deficits.
Comparative proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid between living and post mortem ALS and control subjects

Neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), lack definitive diagnostic tests or biomarkers of disease progression. Most studies that investigate protein abnormalities in ALS have used biofluids such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), while some have used post mortem tissue or CSF samples. Since ALS disease progression and post mortem effects probably induce significant alterations to protein modifications or proteolysis, we directly examined the CSF proteome from ALS subjects at various lengths of time from symptom onset and at autopsy by mass spectrometry based proteomics. CSF was also obtained from both healthy age‐matched control subjects and at autopsy from healthy and Alzheimer's disease (AD) controls. We identified significant differences in the CSF proteome between living and post mortem ALS subjects, as well as living and post mortem control subjects. We also noted differences in the CSF proteome of ALS subjects that have exhibited symptoms for varying lengths of time and between ALS and AD subjects at end‐stage of disease. This is the first study describing differences in the CSF proteome from post mortem and living ALS subjects using a mass spectrometric approach. These differences highlight the importance of utilizing CSF from living ALS subjects near the time of symptom onset for the identification of early protein biomarkers, although some protein alterations that occur early in the disease process are maintained throughout the course of disease and in post mortem samples.
Clinical use of quantitative molecular methods in studying human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

INTRODUCTION 135 ROLE OF QUANTITATIVE METHODS 135 Emerging Features of HIV-1 Infection and Consequent Diagnostic Aspects 135 Requirement for Quantitative Methods To Study HIV-1 Infection 136 QUANTITATION OF SPECIFIC VIRAL DNA AND RNA SEQUENCES 137 Attempts To Quantify Nucleic Acid Species in Biological Samples 137 Competitive PCR-Based Methods 137 THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HIV-1 INFECTION 139 Primary Infection with HIV-1 139 Clinical Latency 139 Disease Progression 140 Long-Term Nonprogressor Patients 140 MONITORING THERAPY WITH SPECIFIC ANTI-HIV-1 COMPOUNDS 141 Ideal Parameter To Monitor Efficiency 141 Antiretroviral Therapies and Analysis of HIV-1 Load 141 CONCLUDING REMARKS 143 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 143 REFERENCES 143
ECM Gene Expression and Its Modulation by Insulin in Diabetic Rats

The steady-state levels of mRNA encoding for the α1(IV) collagen chain, laminin B1 and B2 chains, basement membrane HSPG, and α1(I) and a1(III) collagen chains were examined in rat glomeruli at 4, 12, and 24 wk after injection of STZ. The mRNA levels for the α1(IV) collagen chain, laminin B1 and B2 chains, and α1 (I) and α1(I) and α1(III) collagen chains increased significantly with age in the STZ-induced diabetic rats before morphological thickening of basement membrane occurred. In contrast, the mRNA levels for HSPG decreased markedly 4 wk after STZ injection and then increased with age compared with those for control rats. The mRNA levels for these ECM components showed a continuous decline with age in controls. Treating the diabetic rats with insulin for 4 wk ameliorated the abnormally regulated ECM gene expression in the glomeruli. These data suggest that the abnormal regulation of ECM gene expression in the glomeruli may contribute to the expansion of mesangial matrix and basement membrane thickening in diabetic rats, and that hyperglycemia may play a role in the abnormal ECM gene expression.
Yeast Biodiversity in Vineyard Environments Is Increased by Human Intervention

One hundred and five grape samples were collected during two consecutive years from 33 locations on seven oceanic islands of the Azores Archipelago. Grape samples were obtained from vineyards that were either abandoned or under regular cultivation involving common viticultural interventions, to evaluate the impact of regular human intervention on grape yeast biota diversity in vineyards. A total of 3150 yeast isolates were obtained and 23 yeast species were identified. The predominant species were Hanseniaspora uvarum, Pichia terricola, Starmerella bacillaris and Issatchenkia hanoiensis. The species Barnettozyma californica, Candida azymoides and Pichia cecembensis were reported in grapes or wine-associated environments for the first time. A higher biodiversity was found in active vineyards where regular human intervention takes place (Shannon index: 1.89 and 1.53 in the first and second years, respectively) when compared to the abandoned ones (Shannon index: 0.76 and 0.31). This finding goes against the assumptions that human intervention can destroy biodiversity and lead to homogeneity in the environment. Biodiversity indices were considerably lower in the year with the heaviest rainfall. This study is the first to report on the grape yeast communities from several abandoned vineyards that have undergone no human intervention.
Test-Enhanced Learning in an Immunology and Infectious Disease Medicinal Chemistry/Pharmacology Course

Objective. To develop a series of active-learning modules that would improve pharmacy students’ performance on summative assessments. Design. A series of optional online active-learning modules containing questions with multiple formats for topics in a first-year (P1) course was created using a test-enhanced learning approach. A subset of module questions was modified and included on summative assessments. Assessment. Student performance on module questions improved with repeated attempts and was predictive of student performance on summative assessments. Performance on examination questions was higher for students with access to modules than for those without access to modules. Module use appeared to have the most impact on low performing students. Conclusion. Test-enhanced learning modules with immediate feedback provide pharmacy students with a learning tool that improves student performance on summative assessments and also may improve metacognitive and test-taking skills.
Changes of Plasma Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist, Interleukin-8 and other Serologic Markers during Chemotherapy in Patients with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Background: The human immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mediated by macrophages and T-lymphocytes. The alveolar macrophage phagocyting mycobacterium produces interleukin (IL)-1 as an inflammatory mediator, and IL-8 as a cytokine for leukocyte recruitment and granuloma formation. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is an internal antagonist of IL-1. Methods: Plasma levels of IL-1ra and IL-8 and other serologic markers were measured in 18 patients with active tuberculosis before treatment and after 2 months and 6 months of treatment. Results: During treatment with antituberculous medication, patients showed significant changes in hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells (WBC), platelet, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin and plasma IL-1ra. After 2 months of treatment, ESR and CRP diminished significantly; after 6 months, hemoglobin increased while WBC, platelet, ESR, CRP and ferritin decreased significantly compared to their pre-treatment levels. There were two groups: patients with delayed therapeutic responses, and patients with early responses. At each point of observation, the former group of patients showed lower body weight and lower levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit, and higher levels of WBC, platelet, ESR, IL-8 and IL-1ra than the latter group. During the course of the treatment, we observed considerable differences in body weight, body mass index, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC and platelet counts, ESR, CRP and ferritin in both the early-response and delayed-response groups. Conclusion: We believe that the plasma concentrations of IL-1ra and IL-8, which showed different peaks during the course of treatment, reflected their different functions and patterns of secretion. Moreover the concentrations did not seem as sensitive as other inflammatory markers to evaluate disease activity during antituberculosis treatment. However, IL-1ra can be considered a marker for disease activity and response to treatment.
Sampled-Data Synchronization Analysis of Markovian Neural Networks With Generally Incomplete Transition Rates

This paper investigates the problem of sampled-data synchronization for Markovian neural networks with generally incomplete transition rates. Different from traditional Markovian neural networks, each transition rate can be completely unknown or only its estimate value is known in this paper. Compared with most of existing Markovian neural networks, our model is more practical because the transition rates in Markovian processes are difficult to precisely acquire due to the limitations of equipment and the influence of uncertain factors. In addition, the time-dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is proposed to synchronize drive system and response system. By applying an extended Jensen’s integral inequality and Wirtinger’s inequality, new delay-dependent synchronization criteria are obtained, which fully utilize the upper bound of variable sampling interval and the sawtooth structure information of varying input delay. Moreover, the desired sampled-data controllers are obtained. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
More Than You Wanted to Know: The Failure of Mandated Disclosure

Preface ix Part I - The Ubiquity of Mandated Disclosure 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 2 Complex Decisions, Complex Disclosures 14 Chapter 3 The Failure of Mandated Disclosure 33 Part I - Why Disclosures Fail 55 Chapter 4 "Whatever": The Psychology of Mandated Disclosure 59 Chapter 5 Reading Disclosures 79 Chapter 6 The Quantity Question 94 Chapter 7 From Disclosure to Decision 107 Part III - Can Mandated Disclosure Be Saved? 119 Chapter 8 Make It Simple? 121 Chapter 9 The Politics of Disclosure 138 Chapter 10 Producing Disclosures 151 Chapter 11 At Worst, Harmless? 169 Chapter 12 Conclusion: Beyond Disclosurism 183 Notes 197 Index 225
A DETECTION OF Hα IN AN EXOPLANETARY EXOSPHERE

We report on a search for Hα absorption in four exoplanets. Strong features at Hα are observed in the transmission spectra of both HD 189733b and HD 209458b. We attempt to characterize and remove the effects of stellar variability in HD 189733b, and along with an empirical Monte Carlo test the results imply a statistically significant transit-dependent feature of (− 8.72 ± 1.48) × 10−4 integrated over a 16 Å band relative to the adjacent continuum. We interpret this as the first detection of this line in an exoplanetary atmosphere. A previous detection of Lyα in HD 189733b's atmosphere allows us to calculate an excitation temperature for hydrogen, Texc = 2.6 × 104 K. This calculation depends significantly on certain simplifying assumptions. We explore these assumptions and argue that Texc is very likely much greater than the radiative equilibrium temperature (the temperature the planet is assumed to be at based on stellar radiation and the planetary distance) of HD 189733b. A large Texc implies a very low density that is not in thermodynamic equilibrium with the planet's lower atmosphere. We argue that the n = 2 hydrogen required to cause Hα absorption in the atmosphere is created as a result of the greater UV flux at HD 189733b, which has the smallest orbit and most chromospherically active central star in our sample. Though the overall integration of HD 209458b's transmission spectrum over a wide band is consistent with zero, it contains a dramatic, statistically significant feature in the transmission spectrum with reflectional symmetry. We discuss possible physical processes that could cause this feature. Our remaining two targets (HD 147506b and HD 149026b) do not show any clear features, so we place upper limits on their Hα absorption levels.
3D Pictorial Structures Revisited: Multiple Human Pose Estimation

We address the problem of 3D pose estimation of multiple humans from multiple views. The transition from single to multiple human pose estimation and from the 2D to 3D space is challenging due to a much larger state space, occlusions and across-view ambiguities when not knowing the identity of the humans in advance. To address these problems, we first create a reduced state space by triangulation of corresponding pairs of body parts obtained by part detectors for each camera view. In order to resolve ambiguities of wrong and mixed parts of multiple humans after triangulation and also those coming from false positive detections, we introduce a 3D pictorial structures (3DPS) model. Our model builds on multi-view unary potentials, while a prior model is integrated into pairwise and ternary potential functions. To balance the potentials' influence, the model parameters are learnt using a Structured SVM (SSVM). The model is generic and applicable to both single and multiple human pose estimation. To evaluate our model on single and multiple human pose estimation, we rely on four different datasets. We first analyse the contribution of the potentials and then compare our results with related work where we demonstrate superior performance.