Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Designing Nursing Simulation Clinical Experiences To Promote Critical Inquiry

The use of high fidelity simulation (HFS) learning opportunities in nursing education has received increased attention in the literature. This article describes the design of a systematic framework used to promote critical inquiry and provide meaningful simulation clinical experiences for second year nursing students. Critical inquiry, as defined by the College of Nurses of Ontario, is incorporated in the three key aspects of the framework: (a) resources, (b) simulation, and (c) debriefing/ critical inquiry. Research is required to establish reliable and valid instruments that measure the identified learning outcomes associated with simulation.
Mining Paraphrasal Typed Templates from a Plain Text Corpus

Finding paraphrases in text is an important task with implications for generation, summarization and question answering, among other applications. Of particular interest to those applications is the speciﬁc formulation of the task where the paraphrases are templated, which provides an easy way to lexicalize one message in multiple ways by simply plugging in the relevant entities. Previous work has focused on mining paraphrases from parallel and comparable corpora, or mining very short sub-sentence synonyms and para-phrases. In this paper we present an approach which combines distributional and KB-driven methods to allow robust mining of sentence-level paraphrasal templates, utilizing a rich type system for the slots, from a plain text corpus.
Adhesive gravitational clustering

The notion of adhesion has been advanced for the phenomenon of stabilization of large-scale structure emerging from gravitational instability of a cold medium. Recently, the physical origin of adhesion has been identified: a systematic derivation of the equations of motion for the density and the velocity fields leads naturally to the key equation of the “adhesion approximation” – however, under a set of strongly simplifying assumptions. In this work, we provide an evaluation of the current status of adhesive gravitational clustering and a clear explanation of the assumptions involved. Furthermore, we propose systematic generalizations with the aim to relax some of the simplifying assumptions. We start from the general Newtonian evolution equations for self-gravitating particles on an expanding Friedmann background and recover the popular “dust model” (pressureless fluid), which breaks down after the formation of density singularities; then we investigate, in a unified framework, two other models which, under the restrictions referred to above, lead to the “adhesion approximation”. We apply the Eulerian and Lagrangian perturbative expansions to these new models and, finally, we discuss some non-perturbative results that may serve as starting points for workable approximations of non-linear structure formation in the multi-stream regime. In particular, we propose a new approximation that includes, in limiting cases, the standard “adhesion model” and the Eulerian as well as Lagrangian first-order approximations.
BinaryNet: Training Deep Neural Networks with Weights and Activations Constrained to +1 or -1

We introduce BinaryNet, a method which trains DNNs with binary weights and activations when computing parameters’ gradient. We show that it is possible to train a Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) on MNIST and ConvNets on CIFAR-10 and SVHN with BinaryNet and achieve nearly state-of-the-art results. At run-time, BinaryNet drastically reduces memory usage and replaces most multiplications by 1-bit exclusive-not-or (XNOR) operations, which might have a big impact on both general-purpose and dedicated Deep Learning hardware. We wrote a binary matrix multiplication GPU kernel with which it is possible to run our MNIST MLP 7 times faster than with an unoptimized GPU kernel, without suffering any loss in classiﬁcation accuracy. The code for BinaryNet is available.
Stabbing the sky: efficient skyline computation over sliding windows

We consider the problem of efficiently computing the skyline against the most recent N elements in a data stream seen so far. Specifically, we study the n-of-N skyline queries; that is, computing the skyline for the most recent n (/spl forall/n/spl les/N) elements. Firstly, we developed an effective pruning technique to minimize the number of elements to be kept. It can be shown that on average storing only O(log/sup d/ N) elements from the most recent N elements is sufficient to support the precise computation of all n-of-N skyline queries in a d-dimension space if the data distribution on each dimension is independent. Then, a novel encoding scheme is proposed, together with efficient update techniques, for the stored elements, so that computing an n-of-N skyline query in a d-dimension space takes O(log N+s) time that is reduced to O(d log log N+s) if the data distribution is independent, where s is the number of skyline points. Thirdly, a novel trigger based technique is provided to process continuous n-of-N skyline queries with O(/spl delta/) time to update the current result per new data element and O(log s) time to update the trigger list per result change, where /spl delta/ is the number of element changes from the current result to the new result. Finally, we extend our techniques to computing the skyline against an arbitrary window in the most recent N element. Besides theoretical performance guarantees, our extensive experiments demonstrated that the new techniques can support on-line skyline query computation over very rapid data streams.
The integration of locomotion and prey capture in divergent cottid fishes: functional disparity despite morphological similarity

SUMMARY Many mobile animals rely on the integration of locomotion and feeding to capture prey. Fishes commonly swim up to a prey item and utilize a combination of ram and suction feeding for prey capture. Marine cottids represent a diverse and abundant lineage of fishes that exhibit variation in feeding mode that is related to their mouth morphology. However, little is known regarding the integration of the locomotor and feeding systems during prey capture. We quantified the feeding kinematics, feeding performance and integration of locomotion and feeding in two species of divergent cottids: Blepsias cirrhosus (silver-spotted sculpin) and Oligocottus maculosus (tidepool sculpin). Individuals were caught from sympatric habitats near the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre on Vancouver Island and filmed with a high-speed video camera (500 Hz) while feeding on amphipod prey. Two principal component axes summarize differences in integration and feeding mode despite similarity in attack velocity and feeding morphology (peak gape, peak cranial elevation and peak jaw protrusion). A greater number of correlations between locomotor and feeding variables in B. cirrhosus, compared with O. maculosus, indicate greater integration. We conclude that traditional measures of attack kinematics do not capture functionally and ecologically relevant differences between species. The mechanisms underlying differences in locomotor strategy likely result from unexplored morphological or ecological differences between species. In cottids, integration is apparent in more basal, subtidal species such as B. cirrhosus, and the need for integration may be superceded by demands from the habitat in more derived, shallow-water species such as O. maculosus.
Two or three things that we know about the Kohonen algorithm

An amusement device which includes a phonograph portion and a dancing band portion having a plurality of articulated figure toys in the form of band members movably mounted on a housing. A motor in the housing is controlled by electronic circuitry responsive to the rhythm or beat of the music from the phonograph portion. The motor moves the toy figures in unison with the beat of the music.
Development of Paint-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Using Carbon Nanotube Paint

This paper proposes paint-type dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). DSCs, one type of solar cell, generally consist of a dye-attached semiconducting electrode, a metallic electrode, and an electrolyte. The DSC generates power through the excitation of the electrons in the dyes and the oxidation-reduction reaction between the dyes and the electrolyte. For our paint-type DSC, we made two electrodes by painting two types of paint on substrates. We used carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the paint material because they have both semiconducting and metallic properties. This enabled us to prepare semiconducting and metallic electrodes easily by simply painting with the CNT paint. As a result of testing, we determined that our DSCs were capable of power generation. Our paint-type DSCs have the potential to provide power as a unique and useful device for daily life in the near future.
An experiment in partial evaluation: the generation of a compiler generator

The present paper is an extended abstract of (Jones 1985), in which a running , non-trivial partial evaluator is described . As far as we know, this partia l evaluator is the first which has been used in practice to transform interpreters into corresponding stand-alone compilers, or to generate a compile r generator by transforming itself . A partial evaluator is a program (call it mix) written in a programmin g language L, which takes as input a program p and a known value d l of p' s first input argument . It produces as output a so-called residual program :
Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum Supplementation Improves Exercise Performance and Protects against Physical Fatigue in Mice

Cornu cervi pantotrichum (CCP) is a well-known yang-invigorating agent used in traditional Chinese medicine that can nourish the blood, tonify qi, and invigorate bones and tendons with multifunctional bioactivities. However, evidence on the effects of CCP on exercise performance and physical fatigue is limited. We evaluated the potential beneficial effects of ethanolic extract from CCP on ergogenic and antifatigue functions following a physiological challenge. Male ICR mice from four groups (n = 8 per group) were orally administered CCP for 14 days at 0, 2054, and 4108 mg/kg/day, and were respectively designated as the vehicle, CCP-1X, and CCP-2X groups. The physical performance and antifatigue function were evaluated using forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time as well as serum levels of lactate, ammonia, glucose, and creatine kinase after a 15-min swimming exercise. The results indicated that CCP-1X supplementation significantly improved grip strength; reduced fatigue-associated biochemical indices, including lactate and ammonia levels; and ameliorated skeletal muscle injury induced by acute exercise challenge. A trend analysis revealed that CCP supplementation significantly increased grip strength and dose-dependently reduced serum alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, triacylglycerol, and glucose levels in healthy mice. Therefore, CCP is a potential agent with an antifatigue pharmacological effect.
Activity of A-56268 compared with that of erythromycin and other oral agents against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

A-56268 was compared with erythromycin, roxithromycin (RU 28965), and perorally administered antimicrobial agents. Its in vitro activity was similar to that of erythromycin and slightly greater than that of roxithromycin, with beta-hemolytic streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae inhibited by less than 2 micrograms of A-56268 per ml (50% inhibited by 0.06 microgram/ml). Streptococcus pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. Pneumoniae, and S. faecalis resistant to erythromycin were resistant to A-56268, and 4 micrograms/ml inhibited 90% of Haemophilus influenzae isolates.
Regulation of the growth and functions of cloned murine large granular lymphocyte lines by resident macrophages

Using cloned lines with the morphology of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) from BALB/c mice, we studied the exact requirements for proliferation and their functional characteristics, as well as their regulation. Although these cloned LGL lines were interleukin 2 (IL-2) dependent for growth, experiments using human recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2), known to be active on murine cells, indicated that IL-2 was a necessary but not sufficient factor. Coexistance of normal macrophages in addition to rIL-2 was found to support continuous proliferation of cloned LGL in vitro. This role of macrophages could be replaced by partially purified IL-1 derived from macrophage-conditioned medium. An IL-2 binding assay using 125I-rIL-2 suggested that the role of normal macrophages was to selectively induce and/or maintain high affinity IL- 2 receptors (IL-2R) (Kd, 0.2-0.5 nM) without affecting low affinity ones (Kd, 10-30 nM). Functional studies indicated that most of the LGL clones killed various combinations of representative groups of natural killer (NK)-susceptible target cells, including leukemic cells (YAC-1, RL male 1), virus-infected cells (HeLa-measles, HeLa-herpes simplex virus), and normal bone marrow cells (BMC), whereas none of them affected any of NK-resistant target cells, including uninfected HeLa cells. Some of these clones also suppressed in vitro hematopoiesis. Such characteristic cytotoxic spectra, as well as serological phenotypes (Thy-1+, Lyt-1-2-, asialo GM1-positive, T200+, TdT-, Fc receptor-positive) indicated that these LGL clones exactly represent endogenous NK cells, rather than a variety of anomalous killer cells generated in various culture conditions. Although there was significant heterogeneity of cytotoxic spectrum among LGL clones, no clonotypic distribution of specificities was observed. Normal macrophages were found to modulate the functional expression of LGL clones. They augmented the cytotoxic potential of the clones against leukemic and virus-infected targets, but suppressed intrinsic reactivity against normal BMC. Similarly, LGL clones maintained with macrophages showed much less suppressive effect on in vitro hematopoiesis. The present observations on the interaction of cloned LGL and normal macrophages provide a basic explanation for the mechanisms by which the immediate responsiveness to IL-2 of the NK effector system, without exogenous stimulation, and the functional selectivity toward abnormal rather than normal cells, are actively maintained in vivo.
Annuity Margins in the UK

The UK requires individuals with private pensions to annuitize by the age of 75. Using data on annuity rates over time, we calculate the financial cost of annuitization in terms of reduction in yield relative to alternative sources of wealth holding. We find that for a typical 65-year old male, annuitization typically involves a reduction in yield of the order of 1 percent. Selection effects, related to the lower mortality probabilities of those who annuitize, explain a large portion of this cost. Costs are raised by delaying annuitization, and by opting for real over nominal annuities.
Evaluating Status Change of Soil Potassium from Path Model

The purpose of this study is to determine critical environmental parameters of soil K availability and to quantify those contributors by using a proposed path model. In this study, plot experiments were designed into different treatments, and soil samples were collected and further analyzed in laboratory to investigate soil properties influence on soil potassium forms (water soluble K, exchangeable K, non-exchangeable K). Furthermore, path analysis based on proposed path model was carried out to evaluate the relationship between potassium forms and soil properties. Research findings were achieved as followings. Firstly, key direct factors were soil S, ratio of sodium-potassium (Na/K), the chemical index of alteration (CIA), Soil Organic Matter in soil solution (SOM), Na and total nitrogen in soil solution (TN), and key indirect factors were Carbonate (CO3), Mg, pH, Na, S, and SOM. Secondly, path model can effectively determine direction and quantities of potassium status changes between Exchangeable potassium (eK), Non-exchangeable potassium (neK) and water-soluble potassium (wsK) under influences of specific environmental parameters. In reversible equilibrium state of , K balance state was inclined to be moved into β and χ directions in treatments of potassium shortage. However in reversible equilibrium of , K balance state was inclined to be moved into θ and λ directions in treatments of water shortage. Results showed that the proposed path model was able to quantitatively disclose moving direction of K status and quantify its equilibrium threshold. It provided a theoretical and practical basis for scientific and effective fertilization in agricultural plants growth.
Factors influencing pharmacy students’ attitudes towards pharmacy practice research and strategies for promoting research interest in pharmacy practice

Objectives: To (1) investigate the relationships between students’ characteristics and their (a) perceptions of research in general and (b) attitudes towards pharmacy practice research; (2) identify strategies that could be used by pharmacy educators to promote research interest in pharmacy practice; and (3) identify perceived barriers to the pursuit or completion of a pharmacy practice research degree. Methods: A survey was administered to all students enrolled in each year of the four-year pharmacy undergraduate program, University of Sydney, Australia. Perceptions of research in general were measured using 4 items on a five-point semantic-differential scale and attitudes towards pharmacy practice research were measured using 16 items on a five-point Likert scale. Student characteristics were also collected as were responses to open-ended questions which were analysed using content analysis. Results: In total 853 students participated and completed the survey (83% response rate). Participants’ characteristics were associated with some but not all aspects of research and pharmacy practice research. It appeared that positive attitudes and perspectives were influenced strongly by exposure to the ‘research’ process through projects, friends or mentors, previous degrees or having future intentions to pursue a research degree. Results from both the quantitative and qualitative analyses suggest positive attitudes and perceptions of research can be nurtured through the formal inclusion in research processes, particularly the utility of practice research in clinical practice across the four years of study. Participants indicated there was a lack of awareness of the needs, benefits and career opportunities associated with pharmacy practice research and voiced clear impediments in their career path with respect to the choice of practice research-related careers. Conclusions: Future research should investigate changes in perceptions and attitudes in a single cohort over the four-year degree, other factors influencing students’ perceptions and attitudes, and evaluate the effectiveness of research promoting strategies and programs.
Spatial and Temporal Cellular Responses to Single-Strand Breaks in Human Cells

DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) are one of the most frequent DNA lesions produced by reactive oxygen species and during DNA metabolism, but the analysis of cellular responses to SSB remains difficult due to the lack of an experimental method to produce SSB alone in cells. By using human cells expressing a foreign UV damage endonuclease (UVDE) and irradiating the cells with UV through tiny pores in membrane filters, we created SSB in restricted areas in the nucleus by the immediate action of UVDE on UV-induced DNA lesions. Cellular responses to the SSB were characterized by using antibodies and fluorescence microscopy. Upon UV irradiation, poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis occurred immediately in the irradiated area. Simultaneously, but dependent on poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, XRCC1 was translocated from throughout the nucleus, including nucleoli, to the SSB. The BRCT1 domain of XRCC1 protein was indispensable for its poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent recruitment to the SSB. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the p150 subunit of chromatin assembly factor 1 also accumulated at the SSB in a detergent-resistant form, which was significantly reduced by inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis. Our results show the importance of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in sequential cellular responses to SSB.
Men's childbearing desires and views of the male role in Europe at the dawn of the 21st century

The development of modern family patterns of the past decades has been accompanied by substantial changes in social norms, values and gender relations. There is theoretical support for the assumption that the persistence of low fertility levels across Europe is likely to be linked to the incomplete gender revolution, more specifically to the lack of, or only limited changes in the male gender role as opposed to women’s role. In order to have a deeper understanding of the development of fertility, we aim to shed more light on the impact of men’s role orientation on their fertility intentions in this study. Our analyses include men aged 20-44 years in eight countries: Austria, Estonia, East Germany, West Germany, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands and Poland. The data are extracted from the Population Policy Acceptance Study of the early 2000s. Examining within-country differences, we find that men with egalitarian attitudes seem to have higher fertility aspirations than their traditional counterparts in contemporary Europe. This is supported by both the descriptive and the multivariate analyses. The picture is somewhat less conclusive though when we focus on country-rankings by intended family size and by the prevalence of egalitarian versus traditional attitudes.
Changing Structure of Rural Economy of India Implications for Employment and Growth

India is predominantly a rural country with two third population and 70% workforce residing in rural areas. Rural economy constitutes 46 per cent of national income. Despite the rise of urbanisation more than half of India‟s population is projected to be rural by 2050. Thus growth and development of rural economy and population are a key to overall growth and inclusive development of the country. Traditionally, agriculture is the prime sector of rural economy and rural employment. The transition in composition of output and occupation from agriculture to more productive non-farm sectors is considered as an important source of economic growth and transformation in rural and total economy. However, no serious attempt has been made to analyse and understand the transition in India‟s rural economy. Economic studies on rural India have focused mainly on changes in rural employment, by gender and at broad sectoral aggregation between agriculture and non agriculture. The present study examines long term changes in (i) sectoral composition of rural output and employment, (ii) their relationships and implications for output growth and employment and (iii) income inequalities across sectors and between rural and urban sectors. The findings of the study are used to suggest strategy for future development of India‟s rural economy. The study analyses changes in rural economy and employment during the last forty years covering the period 1970-71 to 2011-12. Sector, and gender wise information on distribution of household members across economic activities and those not in workforce was taken from the Unit Level data available in various Quinquennium rounds of NSSO on Employment and Unemployment. Sector wise output data for the corresponding years was taken from the National Accounts Statistics of CSO. The study highlights the profound changes experienced by India‟s rural economy which have not been reckoned. Contrary to the common perception about predominance of agriculture in rural economy, about two third of rural income is now generated in non agricultural activities. Similarly, it looks amazing to find that more than half of the value added in manufacturing sector in India is contributed by rural areas. However, the impressive growth of non agricultural sector in rural India has not brought significant employment gains or reduction in disparity in worker productivity. This underlines the need for a new approach to direct the transition of rural economy.