Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explaining nursing turnover intent: job satisfaction, pay satisfaction, or organizational commitment?

A number of models have been developed to explain nurses' turnover behavior. The common theme that emerges from these models is that turnover behavior is a multistage process that includes attitudinal, decisional, and behavioral components. The purpose of this study was to assess both the direct and indirect impact of certain pay policies upon the turnover intentions of paediatric nurses. The two major questions addressed were: What was the relative impact of job satisfaction, pay satisfaction, and organizational commitment upon the turnover intentions of paediatric nurses eligible for these pay policies? What model accurately portrays the relationship among these three independent variables and turnover intentions? Exploration of the causal pathways among these variables and demographic factors revealed complex models of association. The results suggest that job satisfaction has only an indirect influence on the intention to quit, whereas organizational commitment has the strongest and most direct impact. A further finding that pay satisfaction had both direct and indirect effects on turnover intent was consistent with administrators' assumptions underlying the pay policies. Control variables such as having a degree, having children, and working 12-hour shifts were found to have both direct and indirect influences upon pay satisfaction and turnover intent. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control Group Design: Enhancing Rigor in Research of Mind-Body Therapies for Depression

Although a growing body of research suggests that mind-body therapies may be appropriate to integrate into the treatment of depression, studies consistently lack methodological sophistication particularly in the area of control groups. In order to better understand the relationship between control group selection and methodological rigor, we provide a brief review of the literature on control group design in yoga and tai chi studies for depression, and we discuss challenges we have faced in the design of control groups for our recent clinical trials of these mind-body complementary therapies for women with depression. To address the multiple challenges of research about mind-body therapies, we suggest that researchers should consider 4 key questions: whether the study design matches the research question; whether the control group addresses performance, expectation, and detection bias; whether the control group is ethical, feasible, and attractive; and whether the control group is designed to adequately control for nonspecific intervention effects. Based on these questions, we provide specific recommendations about control group design with the goal of minimizing bias and maximizing validity in future research.
TIME CONSTRAINTS AND PRAGMATIC ENCROACHMENT ON KNOWLEDGE

Abstract Citing some recent experimental findings, I argue for the surprising claim that in some cases the less time you have the more you know. More specifically, I present some evidence to suggest that our ordinary knowledge ascriptions are sometimes sensitive to facts about an epistemic subject's truth-irrelevant time constraints such that less (time) is more (knowledge). If knowledge ascriptions are sensitive in this manner, then this is some evidence of pragmatic encroachment. Along the way, I consider comments made by Jonathan Schaffer (2006) and Jennifer Nagel (2008, 2010) to construe a purist contextualist and a strict invariantist explanation of the data respectively, before giving reasons to resist them in favor of an account that indicates pragmatic encroachment. If successful, this may suggest a new way to argue for the controversial thesis that there is pragmatic encroachment on knowledge.
Epithelial Responses to Rubbing-Related Mechanical Forces

Purpose: To examine for epithelial thickness changes in response to compressive and shear forces associated with eye rubbing. Methods: The Holden-Payor optical pachometer was used to measure total and stromal-endothelial thickness, at central (right eye) and midperipheral (left eye) locations, for 12 subjects with normal corneas. Epithelial thickness was determined by subtraction. Baseline measurements were compared with measurements recorded immediately after 15 seconds of circular pattern rubbing over the cornea, using an index finger pad, and light to moderate force. Four subjects in each of 3 groups with mean ages of 19.5, 45.3, and 70.2 years were assessed. Measurement continued at 15-minute intervals until baseline thickness was restored. Results: An 18.4% reduction in epithelial thickness was recorded immediately after rubbing for central right eye and midperipheral left eye assessments. Both findings were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Recovery to baseline thickness occurred between 15 and 30 minutes centrally and between 30 and 45 minutes midperipherally. Conclusion: These results indicate a statistically significant mechanical trauma to the epithelium after 15 seconds of light to moderate rubbing. With reference to the rheological properties of the cytoskeleton, an attempt to explain how the epithelium could lose and recover thickness has been made. Apart from cell flattening, displacement from the rubbed area of intercellular water, cytoplasm from ruptured cells, chains of wing cells, and mucin are suggested as possible thinning mechanisms. Extraneous eye rubbing may adversely alter the results obtained with pachymetry, videokeratography, wavefront aberrometry, refraction, and results obtained with orthokeratology contact lenses.
Legitimacy and Legitimization in Low Turnout Ballots

Declining voter turnout has been highlighted as problematic for a number of western democracies. However, in this article we argue that whether an election is seen as ‘legitimate’ or not depends crucially upon interpretations of the levels of turnout by elite actors. Through comparing two recent democratic ballots in the UK we demonstrate how elections with lower turnouts can come to be seen as holding more legitimacy than those with higher turnouts. The cases demonstrate, we argue, a distinction between actual legitimacy, defined as a binary concept, and the process of legitimization – a process through which the authority of an institution is discursively constructed and conferred. This suggests a new research agenda which extends beyond the current literature to focus upon how the legitimacy of a ballot is socially constructed in a broader context of unequal socioeconomic power relations.
Applicability of Two International Risk Scores in Cardiac Surgery in a Reference Center in Brazil

Background The applicability of international risk scores in heart surgery (HS) is not well defined in centers outside of North America and Europe. Objective To evaluate the capacity of the Parsonnet Bernstein 2000 (BP) and EuroSCORE (ES) in predicting in-hospital mortality (IHM) in patients undergoing HS at a reference hospital in Brazil and to identify risk predictors (RP). Methods Retrospective cohort study of 1,065 patients, with 60.3% patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 32.7%, valve surgery and 7.0%, CABG combined with valve surgery. Additive and logistic scores models, the area under the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve (AUC) and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the RP. Results Overall mortality was 7.8%. The baseline characteristics of the patients were significantly different in relation to BP and ES. AUCs of the logistic and additive BP were 0.72 (95% CI, from 0.66 to 0.78 p = 0.74), and of ES they were 0.73 (95% CI; 0.67 to 0.79 p = 0.80). The calculation of the SMR in BP was 1.59 (95% CI; 1.27 to 1.99) and in ES, 1.43 (95% CI; 1.14 to 1.79). Seven RP of IHM were identified: age, serum creatinine > 2.26 mg/dL, active endocarditis, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure > 60 mmHg, one or more previous HS, CABG combined with valve surgery and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion Local scores, based on the real situation of local populations, must be developed for better assessment of risk in cardiac surgery.
Effectiveness of systematic chromoendoscopy for diagnosis of early cancer and gastric premalignant lesions: Results of two consecutive screening campaigns in Colombia (2006-2007)

1 Advanced Digestive endoscopy, Emura Center Latin-American; Emura Foundation for the Promotion of Cancer Research; Faculty of Medicine, La Sabana University, Bogota Colombia. E-mail: fabian@ emuracenter.org 2 Advanced Digestive endoscopy, Emura Center Latino America; Emura Foundation for the Promotion of Cancer Research. Bogota, Colombia. 3 Faculty of Medicine, La Sabana University, Bogota, Colombia. 4 Advanced Digestive endoscopy, Emura Center Latino America; 3 Faculty of Medicine, La Sabana University, Bogota, Colombia. 5 Gastroenterology Section. SaludCoop, Bogota, Colombia. 6 Division of Endoscopy. National Cancer Center. Tokyo, Japan. 7 Division of gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
Exposure to Non-Extreme Solar UV Daylight: Spectral Characterization, Effects on Skin and Photoprotection

The link between chronic sun exposure of human skin and harmful clinical consequences such as photo-aging and skin cancers is now indisputable. These effects are mostly due to ultraviolet (UV) rays (UVA, 320–400 nm and UVB, 280–320 nm). The UVA/UVB ratio can vary with latitude, season, hour, meteorology and ozone layer, leading to different exposure conditions. Zenithal sun exposure (for example on a beach around noon under a clear sky) can rapidly induce visible and well-characterized clinical consequences such as sunburn, predominantly induced by UVB. However, a limited part of the global population is exposed daily to such intense irradiance and until recently little attention has been paid to solar exposure that does not induce any short term clinical impact. This paper will review different studies on non-extreme daily UV exposures with: (1) the characterization and the definition of the standard UV daylight and its simulation in the laboratory; (2) description of the biological and clinical effects of such UV exposure in an in vitro reconstructed human skin model and in human skin in vivo, emphasizing the contribution of UVA rays and (3) analysis of photoprotection approaches dedicated to prevent the harmful impact of such UV exposure.
Bacteriophage T4 Dam DNA-[N6-adenine]Methyltransferase

We carried out a steady state kinetic analysis of the bacteriophage T4 DNA-[N6-adenine]methyltransferase (T4 Dam) mediated methyl group transfer reaction fromS-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) to Ade in the palindromic recognition sequence, GATC, of a 20-mer oligonucleotide duplex. Product inhibition patterns were consistent with a steady state-ordered bi-bi mechanism in which the order of substrate binding and product (methylated DNA, DNAMe andS-adenosyl-l-homocysteine, AdoHcy) release was AdoMet↓DNA↓DNAMe↑AdoHcy↑. A strong reduction in the rate of methylation was observed at high concentrations of the substrate 20-mer DNA duplex. In contrast, increasing substrate AdoMet concentration led to stimulation in the reaction rate with no evidence of saturation. We propose the following model. Free T4 Dam (initially in conformational form E) randomly interacts with substrates AdoMet and DNA to form a ternary T4 Dam-AdoMet-DNA complex in which T4 Dam has isomerized to conformational state F, which is specifically adapted for catalysis. After the chemical step of methyl group transfer from AdoMet to DNA, product DNAMe dissociates relatively rapidly (k off = 1.7 s−1) from the complex. In contrast, dissociation of product AdoHcy proceeds relatively slowly (k off = 0.018 s−1), indicating that its release is the rate-limiting step, consistent withk cat = 0.015 s−1. After AdoHcy release, the enzyme remains in the F conformational form and is able to preferentially bind AdoMet (unlike form E, which randomly binds AdoMet and DNA), and the AdoMet-F binary complex then binds DNA to start another methylation cycle. We also propose an alternative pathway in which the release of AdoHcy is coordinated with the binding of AdoMet in a single concerted event, while T4 Dam remains in the isomerized form F. The resulting AdoMet-F binary complex then binds DNA, and another methylation reaction ensues. This route is preferred at high AdoMet concentrations.
MR imaging of fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma: diagnosis and assessment.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of MR imaging in the diagnosis and assessment of fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma and to determine if MR imaging provides information not seen on obstetric sonography. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twelve pregnant women were referred for fetal MR imaging of sacrococcygeal teratoma seen at obstetric sonography. The presence, size, content extension, and compressive effects of each mass were determined and correlated with the sonographic findings and with postnatal studies, including surgery and pathology. The extent of each sacrococcygeal teratoma was classified according to the American Association of the Pediatrics Surgery Section (types I-IV). RESULTS There is a complete agreement of sonographic and MR imaging measurements. The sacrococcygeal teratomas appeared cystic with few septa in three fetuses, markedly septated or even microcystic in eight, and completely solid in one. The sonographic description of the content corresponded well to MR imaging findings in 10 of 12 fetuses. An agreement on the extent of each mass was observed in nine patients, whereas there is a disagreement in three, including in one fetus with an extension of the tumor within the spinal canal recognized only at MR imaging. The MR imaging findings were confirmed by postnatal studies in 10 patients. CONCLUSION Sacrococcygeal teratomas had characteristic MR imaging appearances that allowed a complete assessment in most fetuses. Because of MR imaging, the prenatal evaluation was changed in some patients and affected counseling of the parents and treatment. MR imaging is a valuable adjunct to obstetric sonography for the prenatal evaluation of sacrococcygeal teratoma.
Duration of Protection against Malaria and Anaemia Provided by Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Infants in Navrongo, Ghana

Background Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in Infants (IPTi) has been shown to give effective and safe protection against malaria. It has been suggested that IPTi might have long-lasting beneficial effects but, in most settings, the protection provided by IPTi appears to be short-lived. Knowledge of the duration of protection given by IPTi would help interpret the results of existing trials and suggest optimal delivery schedules for IPTi. This study investigated how the protective efficacy of IPTi against malaria and anaemia changes over time. Methods and Findings A secondary analysis of data from a cluster-randomised, placebo-controlled trial of IPTi using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in Ghana was conducted. In this trial IPTi was given to 2485 infants at 3, 4, 9 and 12 months of age; children remained in follow-up until two years of age. Poisson regression with a random effect to adjust for the cluster-randomised design was used to determine protective efficacy of IPTi against clinical malaria and anaemia in defined time strata following administration of IPTi. Analysis of first-or-only clinical malaria episode following the individual IPTi doses showed that some protection against malaria lasted between 4 to 6 weeks. A similar pattern was seen when the incidence of all malaria episodes up to 2 years of age was analysed in relation to the most recent IPT, by pooling the incidence of malaria after the individual IPTi doses. Protective efficacy within four weeks of IPTi was 75.2% (95% CI: 66–82) against malaria, 78.9% (95% CI: 69–86) against high parasite density malaria, and 93.8% (95% CI: 73–99) against anaemia. Protection against these outcomes was short-lived, with evidence of any effect lasting for only 6, 6 and 4 weeks respectively. Protection in children who were parasitaemic when receiving IPTi appeared to be of shorter duration than in uninfected children. There was no evidence of any benefit of IPTi after the immediate period following the IPTi doses. Conclusions Intermittent preventive treatment provides considerable protection against malaria and anaemia for short periods, even in an area of intense seasonal transmission. Due to the relatively short duration of protection provided by each dose of IPTi, this treatment will be of most benefit when delivered at the time of peak malaria incidence.
Predicting Academic Dishonesty: Theory of Planned Behavior and Personality

Academic misconduct in the forms of cheating and plagiarism is a large and growing problem that has been acknowledged in both the public and academic realms. In 2000, three-quarters of American college and university students said they had cheated on an exam (Williams, 2001). Additionally, according to a survey by Who’s Who Among American High School Students, more than four-fifths said cheating was common in top-rated high schools (Williams, 2001). Cheating, plagiarism and other forms of academic misconduct have been documented in several large, multi-institution survey-based studies (Davis, Grover, Becker, & McGregor, 1992; McCabe & Trevino, 1993, 1997; Whitley, 1998) as well as in a number of smaller survey and experimental studies conducted at individual institutions (Bolin, 2004; Bunn, Caudill, & Gropper, 1992; Smyth, & Davis, 2004). There has been a relative paucity of work, however, that has tried to explain academic misconduct behaviors based on a theoretical model. In the current study, we draw on Ajzen’s (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior to integrate previous research and predict academic misconduct.
The impact of human-made ecological changes on the genetic architecture of Daphnia species

The overenrichment (eutrophication) of aquatic ecosystems with nutrients leading to algal blooms and anoxic conditions has been a persistent and widespread environmental problem. Although there are many studies on the ecological impact of elevated phosphorus (P) levels (e.g., decrease in biodiversity and water quality), little is known about the evolutionary consequences for animal species. We reconstructed the genetic architecture of a Daphnia species complex in 2 European lakes using diapausing eggs that were isolated from sediment layers covering the past 100 years. Changes in total P were clearly associated with a shift in species composition and the population structure of evolutionary lineages. Although environmental conditions were largely re-established after peak eutrophication during the 1970s and 1980s, original species composition and the genetic architecture of species were not restored but evolved along new evolutionary trajectories. Our data demonstrate that anthropogenically induced temporal alterations of habitats are associated with long-lasting changes in communities and species via interspecific hybridization and introgression.
Radiological Assessment of Accelerated versus Traditional Approaches to Postoperative Rehabilitation following Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of accelerated compared with traditional postoperative weightbearing (WB) rehabilitation following matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) of the knee, using MRI. Methods: A randomized controlled study design was used to assess MRI-based outcomes of MACI grafts in 70 patients (45 men, 25 women) who underwent MACI to the medial or lateral femoral condyle, in combination with either traditional or accelerated approaches to postoperative WB rehabilitation. High-resolution MRI was undertaken and assessed 8 previously defined pertinent parameters of graft repair, as well as a combined MRI composite score at 3, 12, and 24 months postsurgery. The association between clinical and MRI-based outcomes, patient demographics, chondral defect parameters, and injury/surgery history was investigated. Results: Both groups significantly improved (P < 0.05) in the MRI composite score and pertinent descriptors of graft repair throughout the postoperative period until 24 months postsurgery. There were no differences (P > 0.05) observed between the 2 groups. Patient age, body mass index, chondral defect size, and duration of preoperative symptoms were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with several MRI-based outcomes at 24 months, whereas there were no significant pertinent correlations (P > 0.05) observed between clinical and MRI-based outcomes. Conclusion: The accelerated WB approach was not detrimental to graft development at any stage throughout the postoperative assessment timeline from baseline to 24 months postsurgery and may potentially accelerate patient return to normal function, while reducing postoperative muscle loss, intra-articular adhesions, and associated gait abnormalities.
Psychometric properties of an experimental test for the assessment of basic arithmetic calculation efficiency / Propiedades psicométricas de una prueba experimental para la evaluación de la eficacia del cálculo aritmético básico

Abstract In this article the ‘Arithmetic Calculation Efficiency Test’ (Test de Eficacia en el cálculo aritmético – TECA), a test for the assessment of arithmetic efficiency in terms of precision and speed in school-aged subjects, is introduced. The test aims to contribute to educational practices and the diagnosis of students who are at risk of Learning Difficulties in Calculations (LDC). Psychometric properties of the test items were analysed based on a sample of 331 subjects from grade 1 to 6 from Primary School. Analysis of content validity, item analysis, dimensionality and reliability have provided evidence of the validity of a one-dimensional structure consistent with the theoretical framework.
Nitel Veri Analizi: Sosyal Bilimlerde Yöntembilim Sorunsalı Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Bu calismanin amaci, nitel arastirma paradigmasinin temel asamalarindan biri olan nitel veri analizinin betimlenmesidir. Nitel veri analizi, gozlem ve gorusme gibi veri toplama yontem ve teknikleri ile elde edilen verilerin duzenlendigi, kategorilere ayrildigi, temalarin kesfedildigi ve sonucta tum bu surecin rapora aktarildigi bir etkinlikler toplamidir. Nitel veri analizinde temel amac, sosyal gercekligin icerisinde gizil bir bicimde bekleyen bilginin gun yuzune cikartilmasidir. Bu surecte arastirmaci kendi oznelligini ise kosmakta ve sosyal gercegi tumevarimci bir yontemle ormektedir. Calismada nitel veri analizinin gelisimi tarihsel bir perspektiften kavranmaya calisilmis, sonucta bu analiz biciminin nicel veri analizinden gerek amaci ve gerekse yontemi acisindan buyuk oranda farklilastigi sonucuna ulasilmistir