Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotions in the Twitterverse and Implications for User Interface Design

This study explores the implications of how user interface elements affect the types of messages that are produced as well as the likelihood that, and extent to which, those messages are spread within an online social system such as Twitter.com, a popular online service for sharing short messages. The current paper explores these issues by studying the dissemination patterns of emotional-type messages among Twitter users through automated techniques, coupled with observations from a survey of Twitter users about their willingness to produce or forward messages containing different types of emotional tone. The results show that Twitter users post more positive messages (tweets) than negative, and that positive tweets are 3 times more likely to be forwarded than negative tweets. The findings also suggest that the Twitter user interface may be partially responsible for this (i.e., the interface reduces the likelihood that negative messages will be posted or retweeted). To enable a wider range of discourse on Twitter and to reduce the need for Twitter users to self-censor their tweets, the paper concludes with a potential design solution that will give Twitter users more control over who will receive their tweets, and outlines a future study to evaluate such an interface.
Investor Sentiment and Price Momentum

This paper sheds empirical light on whether investor sentiment affects the profitability of price momentum strategies. We hypothesize that when investors are optimistic, their expectations will be more miscalibrated relative to those obtained from objective probabilities, and arbitrage will be more difficult with short-selling constraints. Our results show that momentum rises only when investors are optimistic, and that optimistic momentum portfolios experience long-run reversals. These results provide support to the behavioral theories, suggesting that short-run momentum and long-run reversal commonly arise from investors’ behavioral biases. Antoniou is from the Centre for Empirical Research in Finance, Durham University. Doukas is from Old Dominion University and Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Subrahmanyam is from the Anderson School, University of California, Los Angeles. Address correspondence to A. Subrahmanyam, The Anderson School at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1481, email: subra@anderson.ucla. edu, phone (310) 825-5355. We thank Haim Levy for valuable comments and Conference Board for kindly providing us with the sentiment data. We also thank Jeffrey Wurgler and Malcom Baker for making the sentiment index publicly available. Investor Sentiment and Price Momentum
The Effect of Fiscal Performance on Local Election Results in Israel: 1989-1998

The results of the last three election campaigns in Israelâs local authorities are analyzed, to find whether the fiscal performance of local authority heads affected their reelection probability. We find that in the 1989 and 1993 campaigns fiscal performance did not affect voter preferences. However, in the 1998 campaign financial performance is found to be a good predictor of local authority head reelection. Changes in the political environment, the effective enforcement of audit and financial reporting requirements by the Ministry of the Interior, tougher imposition of hard budget constraints and the development of local media are proposed as possible explanations. The hypotheses that the fiscal variables reflect the income level at the locality or the success of the authorityâs head in extracting resources from the central government are tested and rejected. The results are interpreted as suggesting that important progress has been made in Israel towards meeting critical preconditions for a more decentralized approach to local government.
Radio detection of 18 RASS BL Lac objects

SUMMARY: We present the radio detection of 18 BL Lac objects from our survey of over 575 deg 2 of sky. These 18 objects are located within 20 00 of the X-ray position, of which 11 have a measured red-shift. All candidates are radio emitters above »1 mJy and fall within the range of existing samples on the two colour, fiRO vs fiOX, diagram with a transitional population of three evident. Two unusual sources have been identifled, a candidate radio quiet BL Lac, RX J0140.9{4130, and an extreme HBL, RX J0109.9{4020, with log(”peak) … 19:2. The BL Lac log(N) i log(S) relation is consistent with other samples and indicates the ROSAT All Sky Survey (RASS) could contain (2000§400) BL Lac objects.
Canine Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis: I. Isolation and Characterization of Plasma Lipoproteins from Control Dogs

Canine plasma lipoproteins were fractionated into four distinct classes by ultracentrifugation combined with Geon-Pevikon block electrophoresis and characterized with respect to physical and chemical properties. The distribution of plasma lipids and lipoproteins was quite unlike that in man, the dog having approximately five to six times as much high density as lower density lipoproteins. Despite the marked difference in distribution, human lipoprotein equivalents were present. Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) isolated at density less than 1.006 g/ml were triglyceride-rich particles ranging in size from 260 to 900 Å in diameter. The density range from 1.006 to 1.063 g/ml contained two classes of lipoproteins: one closely resembled aolow density lipoprotein (LDL) with β mobility and a particle size of approximately 200 Å and the other (called HDL1) was closely related to the high density lipoproteins with respect to immunochemical reactivity, electrophoretic mobility, and apoprotein content. The HDL1 particles ranged in size from 100 to 350 Å in diameter and appeared to be unlike any of the commonly described human lipoproteins. High density lipoproteins called HDL2 isolated in the density range from 1.087 to 1.21 g/ml were protein-rich particles ranging in size from 55 to 85 Å. The apolipoprotein patterns of VLDL, LDL, and HDL2 on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were similar to those of the corresponding lipoproteins of man.
Poly (dextrogyr-levogyr) lactide acid-triiodothyronine scaffold for peripheral nerve regeneration.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the poly(dextrogyr-levogyr) lactide acid-triiodothyronine (PDLLA-T3) seeded with Schwann cells conduit for repairing sciatic nerve defect. MATERIALS & METHODS The rats were divided into three groups: autologous nerve transplantation (Group A), PDLLA-T3 + Schwann cells (Group B) and PDLLA + Schwann cells (Group C). RESULTS Myelin sheath thickness was significantly greater in Group A compared with Group B and Group C. The regenerated nerves had nearly normal structure in Group A, and in Groups B and C nerve tissues filled in the anastomotic site and angiogenesis was noted. The mean number of myelinated nerve fibers and neurons in Group B was greater than in Group C. CONCLUSIONS PDLLA-T3 is superior to PDLLA alone for repairing nerve defects.
Molecular Basis of Peptide Recognition by the TCR: Affinity Differences Calculated Using Large Scale Computing1

Free energy calculations of the wild-type and the variant human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax peptide presented by the MHC to the TCR have been performed using large scale massively parallel molecular dynamics simulations. The computed free energy difference (−1.86 ± 0.44 kcal/mol) using alchemical mutation-based thermodynamic integration agrees well with experimental data (−2.9 ± 0.2 kcal/mol). Our simulations exploit state-of-the-art hardware and codes whose algorithms have been optimized for supercomputing platforms. This enables us to simulate larger, more realistic biological systems for longer durations without the imposition of artificial constraints.
Factors Influencing International Students' Academic and Sociocultural Transition in an Increasingly Globalized Society

FACTORS INFLUENCING INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC AND SOCIOCULTURAL TRANSITION IN AN INCREASINGLY GLOBALIZED SOCIETY by Chung-Hsien Hsu May 2011 This study is a mixed-method study. It consists of a quantitative study and a qualitative study. The quantitative study focused on international adult learners’ experiences of adaptation to American academic and social cultures. The qualitative study then investigated their experiences of cultural transition. Based on the definition of globalized influences (Finger, 2005) and existing studies discussing the effects on globalized educational environments (Merriam & Young), factors related to globalized influences were selected and used to examine the extent to which these factors have affected international students’ adaptation to learning and life in the American university. Additionally, the other two variables, student group size and students’ major were also examined. This study adopted transformative learning theories (Mezirow, 1991, 2000; Kegan, 1994) and applied phenomenological qualitative research steps to explore and analyze international students’ experiences of cultural transition in learning and living in the U.S. The international students participating in this study were from 32 different countries and were all actively enrolled (2009-2010 academic year) at a 4-year university in the southeastern United States. A total 115 international students participated in the quantitative study through e-mail or hard copy of survey questions. Most of the sample
Safety of endobronchial biopsy in 170 children with chronic respiratory symptoms

Background: There is a paucity of bronchial biopsy data in children. A major limitation is concern over the safety of the procedure. This paper reports the results of efforts to develop a method that is safe and provides adequate specimen for evaluation. Methods: 170 children aged 2.5 to 16 years with chronic respiratory symptoms were studied under general anaesthesia in an outpatient surgery setting. Bronchoalveolar lavage and biopsies were obtained using a 4.9 mm flexible bronchoscope through a laryngeal mask airway. At least three bioipsies were taken. Results: No patient required topical adrenaline to control bleeding, nor was there a change in the state of any of the patients. There were no episodes of pneumothorax, haemoptysis, pneumonia, or significant fever. All children less than four years old received a single dose of antibiotic intravenously after the procedure. The average length of time for the procedure was 12 minutes (range 6 to 27). Recovery time averaged 90 minutes. The limiting factor was the ability of the child’s airway to accomodate the bronchoscope. Conclusions: This report should encourage clinicians to incorporate endobronchial biopsy into the evaluation of children with difficult respiratory problems.
Patch Dynamics in Lotic Systems: The Stream as a Mosaic

This paper applies concepts of landscape ecology and patch dynamics to lotic systems. We present a framework for the investigation of pattern and process in lotic ecosystems that considers how specific patch characteristics determine biotic and abiotic processes over various scales. Patch characteristics include: size, size distribution within the landscape, juxtaposition, diversity, duration, and mechanisms affecting patch formation. Several topics of current interest in lotic ecology are examined from a patch-dynamics perspective: (1) response of periphyton communities to nutrient patches; (2) effects of patch dynamics on nutrient spiralling; (3) riparian patch dynamics and effects of leaf litter characteristics on lotic food webs; (4) beaver-induced patch dynamics; and (5) patch dynamics of river floodplains. We conclude that a patch-dynamics perspective coupled with a strong experimental approach can enhance the utility and predictive power of unifying concepts in lotic ecology, such as the river continuum hypothesis and nutrient spiralling, through its focus on organismal and process-specific building blocks of lotic systems. The effectiveness of a patch-dynamics approach as a framework for the study of lotic systems lies in the strength of the linkage between reductionist and whole-stream perspectives.
The software architecture of the Berkeley UAV Platform

This paper details the software architecture of the Berkeley unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform. Developed over the course of three years, this platform has successfully demonstrated autonomous vision-based navigation and obstacle avoidance. A software architecture has been developed to allow for collaborative control concepts to be examined. This modular architecture has been shown to be effective for use in allowing a team of UAVs to collaboratively perform a set of missions. The performance of the architecture was demonstrated using 3 UAVs to perform autonomous collaborative patrolling and vision-based navigation
The Application of Gaussian Processes in the Prediction of Percutaneous Absorption for Mammalian and Synthetic Membranes

Improving prediction of the skin permeability coefficient is a difficult problem, and an important issue with the increasing use of skin patches as a means of drug delivery. In this work, we apply Gaussian Processes (GPs) with five different covariance functions to predict the per- meability coefficients of human, pig, rodent and silastic membranes. We obtain a considerable improvement over quantitative structure-activity re- lationship (QSARs) predictors. The GPs with Matern and neural network covariance functions give the best performance in this work. We find that five compound features applied to human, pig and rodent membranes can- not represent the main characteristics of the silastic dataset.
How do search engines handle non-English queries? - A case study

paper, we explore the capabilities of search engines for non-English languages. As a test case, we examine four languages: Russian, French, Hungarian and Hebrew. For each of these languages we test three general search engines: AltaVista, FAST and Google and some local search engines. Our results indicate that in most cases the general search engines ignore the special characteristics of non-English languages, and sometimes they do not even handle diacritics well. These findings are rather disturbing, since for example Google is very popular in non- English speaking countries as well, and users are either not aware of what they miss when using search tools that do not take into account the structure and the special characteristics of the specific language or have no alternatives but to use these search engines.
Digital Signal Transmission in Magnetic Induction Based Wireless Underground Sensor Networks

The objective of Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) is to establish an efficient wireless communication in the underground medium. A magnetic induction (MI)-based signal transmission scheme has been proposed to overcome the very harsh propagation conditions in WUSNs. Due to a much lower vulnerability to the environmental changes, the MI technique has been shown to improve the system performance in terms of achievable data rates and coverage compared to the traditional EM wave based transmission. Two different approaches are known from the literature: direct MI transmission and MI waveguides, where many resonant relay circuits are deployed in the latter between the two nodes to be connected. In this work, digital transmission schemes are investigated for MI-WUSNs employing these two approaches. The influence of transmission parameters like symbol duration and modulation scheme are studied and new methods for their optimization are proposed. In this context, significant gains can be achieved compared to the naive straightforward approaches.
High hydrostatic pressure pre-treatment of whey proteins enhances whey protein hydrolysate inhibition of oxidative stress and IL-8 secretion in intestinal epithelial cells

Background High hyperbaric pressure treatment of whey protein isolate (WPI) causes changes in the protein structure that enhances the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of WPI. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of pressurized whey protein isolate (pWPI) vs. native WPI (nWPI) hydrolysates in Caco-2 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Design Cells were cultured with different concentrations of pWPI or nWPI hydrolysates either 1 h before or 1 h after H2O2. Cell viability, IL-8 secretion, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the medium anti-oxidant capacity (FRAP assay) were measured. Results Prior to and after H2O2 exposure, pWPI and nWPI hydrolysates inhibited IL-8 secretion and ROS generation, and increased FRAP activity in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal inhibition of H2O2-induced IL-8 secretion was greater with 2000 µg mL−1 of pWPI (50%) vs. nWPI (30%) hydrolysates. At the latter concentration, inhibition of H2O2-induced ROS formation reached 76% for pWPI, which was greater than for nWPI hydrolysates (32.5%). Conclusions These results suggest that WPI hydrolysates can alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress in intestinal cells exposed to oxidative injury, which is further enhanced by hyperbaric pressure pre-treatment of WPI.
Knowledge Discovery in Spatial Databases Progress and Challenges

Spatial data, i.e., data related to objects that occupy space, are continuosly being collected for various applications ranging from remote sensing, geographical information systems (GIS) to computer cartography and environmental assesment and planing. The volume of data collected is so huge that it has become humanely impossible to do any intelligent data analysis. Even though very few methods have been proposed and applied to discover knowledge from spatial data, it is evident that the techniques from machine learning , database technology and statistics have to be explored and modiied for further progress in this eld. In this paper we intend to survey the progress and outline some challenges facing spatial data mining.
Screening mammograms by community radiologists: variability in false-positive rates.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the agreement among radiologists interpreting a test set of mammograms is relatively low. However, data available from real-world settings are sparse. We studied mammographic examination interpretations by radiologists practicing in a community setting and evaluated whether the variability in false-positive rates could be explained by patient, radiologist, and/or testing characteristics. METHODS We used medical records on randomly selected women aged 40-69 years who had had at least one screening mammographic examination in a community setting between January 1, 1985, and June 30, 1993. Twenty-four radiologists interpreted 8734 screening mammograms from 2169 women. Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to examine the impact of patient, radiologist, and testing characteristics. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Radiologists varied widely in mammographic examination interpretations, with a mass noted in 0%-7.9%, calcification in 0%-21.3%, and fibrocystic changes in 1.6%-27.8% of mammograms read. False-positive rates ranged from 2.6% to 15.9%. Younger and more recently trained radiologists had higher false-positive rates. Adjustment for patient, radiologist, and testing characteristics narrowed the range of false-positive rates to 3.5%-7.9%. If a woman went to two randomly selected radiologists, her odds, after adjustment, of having a false-positive reading would be 1.5 times greater for the radiologist at higher risk of a false-positive reading, compared with the radiologist at lowest risk (95% highest posterior density interval [similar to a confidence interval] = 1.17 to 2.08). CONCLUSION Community radiologists varied widely in their false-positive rates in screening mammograms; this variability range was reduced by half, but not eliminated, after statistical adjustment for patient, radiologist, and testing characteristics. These characteristics need to be considered when evaluating false-positive rates in community mammographic examination screening.
Exploring Scale: The Advantages of Thinking Small

When it comes to thinking about scale, the assumption of corporate leaders since Henry Ford's day has been that bigger is better. And in many situations, such thinking is inarguably correct because of the cost efficiencies that size provides. But sometimes efficiencies can mask opportunities. In their research, the authors found that small-scale operations provide significant advantages in four areas. They allow companies to locate hot spots and tap into local knowledge networks; they make it possible to respond more rapidly to customer needs and to trends in regional demand; they enable companies to monitor potentially disruptive technologies; and they help hold down labor costs while developing managerial talent. Using case studies, the authors illustrate how companies in a wide variety of industries have found the hidden benefits of small-scale approaches to corporate needs. They conclude that executives who develop a deeper understanding of scale and learn when it is better to think small can have a potentially huge impact on their companies' long-term success.
Enabling organizational ambidexterity: Valuation practices and the senior-leadership team

Are design solutions sufficient to strategically manage the tensions key to long-term organizational survival? Managing the competing demands of exploration and exploitation represent a fundamental challenge for senior-leadership teams, but a growing body of research suggests that accommodating the mere co-presence of exploration and exploitation in separated units is not enough. Senior-leadership teams must also integrate and mobilize activities across units to achieve synergistic benefits; however, doing so is fraught with difficulty. We investigate and unpack this conundrum based on an in-depth ethnographic case within a media organization as the senior-leadership team transitioned toward greater synergistic integration of explore/exploit activities across differentiated units. We contribute to ambidexterity research by contrasting the dominant view of resolving tension in prior research with the view of valuing tension in our findings, and revealing the important role that senior-leadership team practices play in this regard. Furthermore, we show that the valuation practices of the senior-leadership team enable constructive divergence to be surfaced amongst the team, thereby extending prior work that has concentrated on the unifying aspects of the senior-leadership team to enable synergistic benefits.