Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leadership self‐efficacy and managers' motivation for leading change

This study develops and tests a leadership model that focuses on managers' motivation for attempting the leadership of change. The construct of leadership self-efficacy (LSE) is defined, and a measure comprising three dimensions (direction-setting, gaining followers' commitment, and overcoming obstacles to change) is developed. Based on Bandura's (1986) social cognitive theory, the primary hypothesis is that high LSE managers will be seen by direct reports as engaging in more leadership attempts. Relationships are also proposed between LSE and several factors that are expected to influence this confidence judgment. Managers' organizational commitment and crisis perceptions are modelled as potential moderators of the relationship between LSE and leadership attempts. The model was tested through surveys distributed to managers (n = 150) and their direct reports (n = 415) in a real estate management company and an industrial chemicals firm. Positive relationships (p < 0.05) were found between the first two dimensions of LSE and managers' leadership attempts. An interaction effect involving organizational commitment was discovered for the LSE/overcoming obstacles dimension (p < 0.05). Several positive relationships were found between LSE dimensions and proposed antecedents, including self-esteem (p < 0.05), subordinates' performance abilities (p < 0.05), and managers' job autonomy (p < 0.05). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of natural antioxidants on colour, lipid stability and sensory evaluation of fresh beef patties stored at 4ºC

The effects of rosemary extract, chitosan and carnosine, added individually or in combination, on colour, lipid stability and sensory attributes of beef patties were investigated. All samples were stored for up to 15 days at 4 ± 1 oC. Surface colour (Hunter L*, a* and b* values), and lipid oxidation (2,thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) were measured on days 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 of storage for raw beef patties. While, sensory attributes (odour, colour, texture, taste and overall acceptability) were carried out on cooked beef patties after 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days of storage. The obtained results showed that addition of tested antioxidants, individually or in combination, significantly (p < 0.05) affected colour, lipid stability and sensory attributes compared to control during storage. Chitosan and its combinations with either rosemary extract or carnosine, and especially the former combination, showed the most intense red colour (p < 0.05) when compared to rosemary extract, carnosine or the control. Also, results showed that the combination of rosemary extract with chitosan provided the best antioxidative protection with regard to meat deterioration, indicating a possible synergistic effect.
Using Technology Acceptance Theory to Model Individual Differences in Tax Software Use

This paper explores how performance and effort expectations, social influences, privacy concerns, and risk affect individual intention to use tax preparation software. We contribute to the extensive technology acceptance literature in three ways. First, we examine the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model in the novel context of individual tax preparation software choice and confirm the theory’s validity outside the “traditional” environment of business organizations. Second, we investigate whether technology acceptance is different for “experts” compared to “novices” in the complex domain of the U.S. tax law. Third, we include constructs related to privacy and risk and test this extension of the technology acceptance model. Results indicate dissimilarities between the two groups and suggest the technology acceptance model may not be equally applicable to “professionals” and “novices. ”
Value of antibiotic levels in serum and cardiac vegetations for predicting antibacterial effect of ceftriaxone in experimental Escherichia coli endocarditis

In a rabbit model of Escherichia coli endocarditis, we studied the penetration into infected vegetations and the antibacterial effect of ceftriaxone. Ceftriaxone was given at different dosages, alone or with an interfering agent, diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, to determine the predictive value of the antibiotic levels in serum or infected vegetations on the antibacterial efficacy. Diclofenac increased the serum terminal half-life of ceftriaxone and increased its extravascular diffusion in tissue cage fluid, as well as in infected vegetations, allowing us to obtain various antibiotic concentrations in the infected site. Two hours after the fourth injection, around the time of peak level in serum, we observed a linear relationship between (i) serum and local antibiotic levels in vegetations, (ii) local antibiotic levels in a range of 142 to 600 X MBC and bacterial titer (log10 CFU/g) in vegetations, and (iii) serum antibiotic levels in a range of 800 to 1,400X MBC and bacterial titer in vegetations. In vivo, antibacterial effect was obtained only with high antibiotic levels in vegetations (greater than or equal to 220X MBC). This was confirmed by incubating vegetations sampled from infected animals in rabbit serum containing ceftriaxone (ex vivo experiment). Given once daily at a therapeutic dosage (30 mg/kg) for 4 days, ceftriaxone exhibited good efficacy (log10 CFU/g of vegetation = 2.41 +/- 2.7 versus 7.41 +/- 0.92 in control animals) and prevented regrowth of bacteria until 24 h after the last injection. We concluded that (i) provided the dose is sufficient, a long-acting cephalosporin can prove effective in severe gram-negative infections even when given infrequently, and (ii) serum antibiotic levels around the peak value, reflecting high effective local levels, could predict the therapeutic efficacy and represent a simple test to monitor the clinical course of a severe infectious process.
Is a Team Different From the Sum of Its Parts ? Evidence from Mutual Fund Managers

This paper provides the first empirical test of the diversification of opinion theory and the group shift theory using real business data. Our data set covers management teams and single managers of US equity mutual funds. All our results clearly reject the group shift theory and support the diversification of opinion theory: extreme opinions of single team managers average out and, consequently, teams take less extreme decisions than individuals do. We find that teams follow less extreme risk strategies and less extreme investment styles than single managers do. Consequently, teams are much less likely to achieve extreme performance outcomes.
Coping Strategies That Elicit Psychological Well-Being and Happiness Among Older Catholic Nuns with Physical Impairments and Disabilities

This study examined how adaptive strategies described in a study of well older adults by Clark et al. (1996) were being used by four Catholic nuns with physical impairments and disabilities who lived in a continuum of care facility. A naturalistic, phenomenological approach was chosen, and in-depth interviews were conducted to ascertain if, and how, each nun used the adaptive strategies. A cross-classifying matrix was then used to examine common themes among the four informants. Spiritual activity, positive attitudes, and commitment to service were evident themes in this study and the study by Clark et al. (1996). Our findings suggest that the specific constellation of adaptive strategies may be useful for other religious older adults to manage stressors in their daily lives. Spirituality potentiated each of the strategies identified by Clark et al. (1996) in a sample of four physically impaired and disabled older nuns. Future investigation is necessary to determine how spirituality relates to psychological well-being and happiness in older adults from other religious, ethnic, and cultural populations.
Maternal alcohol intake prior to and during pregnancy and risk of adverse birth outcomes: evidence from a British cohort

Background Evidence is conflicting regarding the relationship between low maternal alcohol consumption and birth outcomes. This paper aimed to investigate the association between alcohol intake before and during pregnancy with birth weight and gestational age and to examine the effect of timing of exposure. Methods A prospective cohort in Leeds, UK, of 1303 pregnant women aged 18–45 years. Questionnaires assessed alcohol consumption before pregnancy and for the three trimesters separately. Categories of alcohol consumption were divided into ≤2 units/week and >2 units/week with a non-drinking category as referent. This was related to size at birth and preterm delivery, adjusting for confounders including salivary cotinine as a biomarker of smoking status. Results Nearly two-thirds of women before pregnancy and over half in the first trimester reported alcohol intakes above the Department of Health (UK) guidelines of ≤2 units/week. Associations with birth outcomes were strongest for intakes >2 units/week before pregnancy and in trimesters 1 and 2 compared to non-drinkers. Even women adhering to the guidelines in the first trimester were at significantly higher risk of having babies with lower birth weight, lower birth centile and preterm birth compared to non-drinkers, after adjusting for confounders (p<0.05). Conclusions We found the first trimester to be the period most sensitive to the effect of alcohol on the developing fetus. Women adhering to guidelines in this period were still at increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. Our findings suggest that women should be advised to abstain from alcohol when planning to conceive and throughout pregnancy.
Biodiversity conservation in agriculture requires a multi-scale approach

Biodiversity loss—one of the most prominent forms of modern environmental change—has been heavily driven by terrestrial habitat loss and, in particular, the spread and intensification of agriculture. Expanding agricultural land-use has led to the search for strong conservation strategies, with some suggesting that biodiversity conservation in agriculture is best maximized by reducing local management intensity, such as fertilizer and pesticide application. Others highlight the importance of landscape-level approaches that incorporate natural or semi-natural areas in landscapes surrounding farms. Here, we show that both of these practices are valuable to the conservation of biodiversity, and that either local or landscape factors can be most crucial to conservation planning depending on which types of organisms one wishes to save. We performed a quantitative review of 266 observations taken from 31 studies that compared the impacts of localized (within farm) management strategies and landscape complexity (around farms) on the richness and abundance of plant, invertebrate and vertebrate species in agro-ecosystems. While both factors significantly impacted species richness, the richness of sessile plants increased with less-intensive local management, but did not significantly respond to landscape complexity. By contrast, the richness of mobile vertebrates increased with landscape complexity, but did not significantly increase with less-intensive local management. Invertebrate richness and abundance responded to both factors. Our analyses point to clear differences in how various groups of organisms respond to differing scales of management, and suggest that preservation of multiple taxonomic groups will require multiple scales of conservation.
Factors Affecting Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources Across Life‐Threatening Medical Conditions

This study aimed to determine whether participants used different criteria to allocate scarce medical resources depending on the medical condition. Allocations of HIV antiretroviral treatment and heart-transplant surgery were examined. Participants completed 2 questionnaires requiring them to prioritize 16 hypothetical patients. Demographic data on hypothetical patients varied on 4 dimensions: age, gender, sexual orientation, and promiscuity. There were significant main effects of age, sexual orientation, and promiscuity in both medical conditions. Young people were favored over old, heterosexuals over homosexuals, and monogamous over promiscuous patients. Stronger effects of sexual orientation and promiscuity were found in the HIV treatment condition. Participants used a more utilitarian approach in their allocation decisions and demonstrated prejudice against homosexuals and promiscuous patients.
Predictive effect of injunctions on personality disorders in dysfunctional Catholic priests and religious sisters: a study using Millon's model and Transactional Analysis

The purpose of this study is to investigate the preference of different sets of injunctions – as measured by the Espero Questionnaire – in the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) psychopathology cluster subgroups in a sample of Catholic priests and religious sisters who had voluntarily sought therapy. A hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis was employed to identify high (n = 21), moderate (n = 32), and low (n = 38) MCMI-III psychopathology cluster subgroups. Members of the low psychopathology subgroup demonstrated a significantly lower numerical set of injunctions than high and moderate psychopathology subgroups. The high psychopathology subgroup reported a greater number of negative injunctions than the moderate psychopathology subgroup. The results suggest that priests and religious sisters who present fewer negative injunctions – those belonging to the low psychopathology subgroup – are generally well adjusted and socially skilled. Those who present more negative injunctions – those belonging to the high psychopathology subgroup – are more at risk for pathological tendencies.
Detailed proteome analysis of growing cells of the planctomycete Rhodopirellula baltica SH1T

Rhodopirellula baltica SH1T, which was isolated from the water column of the Kieler Bight, a bay in the southwestern Baltic Sea, is a marine aerobic, heterotrophic representative of the ubiquitous bacterial phylum Planctomycetes. We analyzed the R. baltica proteome by applying different preanalytical protein as well as peptide separation techniques (1‐D and 2‐DE, HPLC separation) prior to MS. That way, we could identify a total of 1115 nonredundant proteins from the intracellular proteome and from different cell wall protein fractions. With the contribution of 709 novel proteins resulting from this study, the current comprehensive R. baltica proteomic dataset consists of 1267 unique proteins (accounting for 17.3% of the total putative protein‐coding ORFs), including 261 proteins with a predicted signal peptide. The identified proteins were functionally categorized using Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs), and their potential cellular locations were predicted by bioinformatic tools. A unique protein family that contains several YTV domains and is rich in cysteine and proline was found to be a component of the R. baltica proteinaceous cell wall. Based on this comprehensive proteome analysis a global schema of the major metabolic pathways of growing R. baltica cells was deduced.
Telling It All

The aim of this article is to demonstrate how quantitative and qualitative methods can be us together in feminist research. Despite an increasing number of texts and journal articles deta ing mixed methods research, there are relatively few published reports of its use in femin study. This article draws on a study conducted in regional Australia, exploring gender a social capital. Through the analysis and interpretation of data derived from a large survey a in-depth interviewing, the author will demonstrate the power of the mixed methods approa to highlight gender inequality. Despite past reluctance of feminists to embrace quantitati methods, the big picture accompanied by the personal story can bring both depth and texture a study.
Early identification of international executive potential

This research extends the traditional approach to the early identification of executives by introducing the notion of ability to learn from experience. Drawing on the literature, the researchers created a reliable measurement tool named Prospector for rating the potential of aspiring international executives in terms of both end-state competencies and the ability to learn from experience. The 14 dimensions derived from the Prospector instrument are Sensitive to Cultural Differences, Business Knowledge, Courage, Brings Out the Best in People, Integrity, Insightful, Committed, Takes Risks, Seeks Feedback, Uses Feedback, Is Culturally Adventurous, Seeks Learning Opportunities, Open to Criticism, and Flexibility. The research also began to assess the validity of the Prospector dimensions in terms of current performance, executive potential, on-the-job learning, and international criteria on 838 lower, middle-, and senior-level managers from 6 international firms and 21 countries. The findings suggest that Prospector may have promise for use in the early identification of international executives.
Coping with Chronic Illness and Disability through Creative Needlecraft

Chronic illness and impairment commonly restrict the individual's access to work and leisure activities. Furthermore, if increasingly dependent upon family care, the individual may experience loss of valued roles and self-esteem. The present study enquired into the role of a creative leisure pursuit in long-term coping with illness and disability. The qualitative study examined the written narratives of 35 women, aged 18 to 87 years. All had acquired a disability or a chronic illness in adulthood and shared needlecraft as a common leisure pursuit. In these accounts, the women described the circumstances in which needlecraft had been adopted as a leisure pursuit and the personal benefits experienced. The accounts showed that most of the women had taken up this activity in adulthood to cope with the crisis of illness. Needlecraft activities were commonly viewed as providing a means of managing pain and unstructured time, as well as facilitating self-esteem and reciprocal social roles. The women's accounts suggest that creative activity may be helpful for patients learning to cope with chronic conditions.
Ssn6-Tup1 Regulates RNR3 by Positioning Nucleosomes and Affecting the Chromatin Structure at the Upstream Repression Sequence*

The DNA damage inducible gene ribonucleotide reductase (RNR3) is regulated by a transcriptional repression mechanism by the recruitment of the Ssn6-Tup1 corepressor complex to its promoter by the sequence-specific DNA-binding protein Crt1. Ssn6-Tup1 is reported to represses transcription by interfering with transcription factors, recruiting histone deacetylases, and positioning nucleosomes at the promoter of its target genes. Two of the three mechanisms involve effects on chromatin structure, and therefore, we have delineated the nucleosomal structure of RNR3 in the repressed and derepressed state using multiple nuclease mapping strategies. A regular array of positioned nucleosomes is detected over the repressed RNR3 promoter that extends into the coding sequence. Treating cells with DNA damaging agents or deletingCRT1, SSN6, or TUP1 derepressesRNR3 transcription, and causes a dramatic disruption of nucleosome positioning over its promoter. Furthermore, derepression ofRNR3 correlated with changes in nuclease sensitivity within the upstream repression sequence (URS) region. Specifically, the loss of a MNase-hypersensitive site, and the appearance of strong DNase I hypersensitivity, was observed over the URS. Interestingly, we find that the binding of Crt1 to the promoter in the absence of Ssn6 or Tup1 is insufficient for nucleosome positioning or regulating chromatin structure at the URS; thus, these two functions are strictly dependent upon Ssn6-Tup1. We propose that RNR3 is regulated by changes in nucleosome positioning and chromatin structure that are mediated by Ssn6, Tup1, and Crt1.
Monitoring Spawning Activity in a Southern California Marine Protected Area Using Molecular Identification of Fish Eggs

In order to protect the diverse ecosystems of coastal California, a series of marine protected areas (MPAs) have been established. The ability of these MPAs to preserve and potentially enhance marine resources can only be assessed if these habitats are monitored through time. This study establishes a baseline for monitoring the spawning activity of fish in the MPAs adjacent to Scripps Institution of Oceanography (La Jolla, CA, USA) by sampling fish eggs from the plankton. Using vertical plankton net tows, 266 collections were made from the Scripps Pier between 23 August 2012 and 28 August 2014; a total of 21,269 eggs were obtained. Eggs were identified using DNA barcoding: the COI or 16S rRNA gene was amplified from individual eggs and sequenced. All eggs that were successfully sequenced could be identified from a database of molecular barcodes of California fish species, resulting in species-level identification of 13,249 eggs. Additionally, a surface transport model of coastal circulation driven by current maps from high frequency radar was used to construct probability maps that estimate spawning locations that gave rise to the collected eggs. These maps indicated that currents usually come from the north but water parcels tend to be retained within the MPA; eggs sampled at the Scripps Pier have a high probability of having been spawned within the MPA. The surface transport model also suggests that although larvae have a high probability of being retained within the MPA, there is also significant spillover into nearby areas outside the MPA. This study provides an important baseline for addressing the extent to which spawning patterns of coastal California species may be affected by future changes in the ocean environment.
Variable uses of alternative conceptions: A case study in current electricity

Recent research related to the design of science instruction is often based on conceptual change theory and requires assessments of what knowledge students bring to instruction. The premise of this study was that it is also important to understand when and how students apply their knowledge. Fourteen elementary and middle school teachers in an in-service physics course were asked to solve qualitatively a variety of series and parallel circuit problems and explicate their reasoning. These teachers were found to share a common core of strongly held propositions that formed a coherent, but incorrect and contradictory model of sequential current flow. Yet their predictions about the circuits were highly variable. The variability in predictions resulted from differences and contradictions in additional “protective belts” of propositions, and differences in the ways in which the teachers changed and selectively applied those propositions to different problems. Understanding the variations in not only what teachers knew, but also the differences in when and how they applied their knowledge complicated the task of designing instruction. However, it also made possible the design of more precise instruction in which the teachers were required to recognize, confront, and reconcile specific inconsistencies in their beliefs.