Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Left inferior frontal cortex and syntax: function, structure and behaviour in patients with left hemisphere damage

For the past 150 years, neurobiological models of language have debated the role of key brain regions in language function. One consistently debated set of issues concern the role of the left inferior frontal gyrus in syntactic processing. Here we combine measures of functional activity, grey matter integrity and performance in patients with left hemisphere damage and healthy participants to ask whether the left inferior frontal gyrus is essential for syntactic processing. In a functional neuroimaging study, participants listened to spoken sentences that either contained a syntactically ambiguous or matched unambiguous phrase. Behavioural data on three tests of syntactic processing were subsequently collected. In controls, syntactic processing co-activated left hemisphere Brodmann areas 45/47 and posterior middle temporal gyrus. Activity in a left parietal cluster was sensitive to working memory demands in both patients and controls. Exploiting the variability in lesion location and performance in the patients, voxel-based correlational analyses showed that tissue integrity and neural activity—primarily in left Brodmann area 45 and posterior middle temporal gyrus—were correlated with preserved syntactic performance, but unlike the controls, patients were insensitive to syntactic preferences, reflecting their syntactic deficit. These results argue for the essential contribution of the left inferior frontal gyrus in syntactic analysis and highlight the functional relationship between left Brodmann area 45 and the left posterior middle temporal gyrus, suggesting that when this relationship breaks down, through damage to either region or to the connections between them, syntactic processing is impaired. On this view, the left inferior frontal gyrus may not itself be specialized for syntactic processing, but plays an essential role in the neural network that carries out syntactic computations.
Analytic Framework for the Mutual Information Cumulants of Different MIMO Fading Channels

In this paper, we present a general analytical framework for the exact mutual information (MI) cumulants of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with perfect receiver channel state information (CSI) and no transmitter CSI. Our derivation is based on a recent parameterization of the joint ordered eigenvalue probability density function (PDF) [1], that encompasses both uncorrelated/semi-correlated Rayleigh channels as well as uncorrelated Rician channels. In addition, we extend our framework to account for the cumulants of doubly-correlated Rayleigh channels and also to deduce tractable expressions in the high Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) regime. The cumulants are particularly useful to study all high-order statistics (HOS) of the MI; in fact, they can be used to express the MI mean and variance as a finite sum of determinants. Our analytical expressions are then validated via Monte-Carlo simulations with the attained accuracy being excellent in all cases.
Sonic hedgehog overexpression regulates the neuroepithelial cells proliferation in the spinal cord of dorsal regions during chicken embryo development.

OBJECTIVE Sonic hedgehog(SHH) is early expressed in the floor plate and notochord during the development of chicken embryo, which is required for the establishment of dorsal axis and the formation of spinal cord, but the mechanism of SHH affecting the patterns of spinal development is still unclear. METHODS In this study using in vivo electroporation ectopic expression of SHH in spinal cord of dorsal regions during chicken embryo development. Besides, the expression of NF, TAG, Pax-7 and N-Cadherin was examined by the fluorescent immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The result showed that the pattern of spinal cord development changed such as the distortion was observed during the chicken embryo development, and the location of dorsal root transforms from the original site to the roof plate, and neuroepithelial cell layer at the roof plate creased. Furthermore, the expression of nuclear protein Pax-7 was inhibited at the site of SHH ectopic and the expression site of neurofilament(NF) and TAG-1 changed, while the expression of SC-1 was down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that SHH may be directly required for the formation of spinal patterns or affect the formation of spinal cord through regulating the associated proteins and more important is SHH promote the neuroepithelial cells proliferation and then lead to neural plate to form the neural tube. This study could provide reliable references for the research on SHH determining the formation of spinal cord during the development of chicken embryo.
Compliance Training Produces Increases in Skill-Based Assessments in Typically-Developing Children

Early intensive behavioral intervention therapy (EIBIT) practitioners have been documented to use both standardized psychological and behavioral assessments in assessing outcomes of children diagnosed with autism. Assessments are necessary to inform stakeholders if EIBIT is effective, for which children, and under what conditions. However, the extent to which variables like compliance influence the results of existing EIBIT assessments is yet unknown. This study evaluated the influence of compliance training on the results of the Early Learning Measure (ELM), one assessment used in EIBIT. Two participants underwent repeated compliance training sessions followed by re-testing of the ELM assessment. Mean scores on the ELM increased over baseline following compliance training alone for both participants. A compliance reversal training protocol was then conducted. Mean scores on the ELM decreased for one participant and remained stagnant for the second following compliance reversal. The study’s findings support variables like compliance may influence scores on EIBIT assessments and provide a preliminary evidence for the need to systematically manipulate these variables in applied settings. COMPLIANCE AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 3
RASS-SDSS galaxy cluster survey - VII. On the cluster mass-to-light ratio and the halo occupation distribution

Aims. We explore the mass-to-light ratio in galaxy clusters and its relation to the cluster mass. Methods. We study the relations among the optical luminosity ( L op ), the cluster mass ( M 200 ) and the number of cluster galaxies within r 200 ( N gal ) in a sample of 217 galaxy clusters with confirmed 3D overdensity. We correct for projection effect, by determining the galaxy surface number density profile in our cluster sample. This is best fitted by a cored King profile in low and intermediate mass systems. The core radius decreases with cluster mass, and, for the highest mass clusters, the profile is better represented by a generalized King profile or a cuspy Navarro, Frenk & White profile. Results. We find a very tight proportionality between L op and N gal , which, in turn, links the cluster mass-to-light ratio to the Halo Occupation Distribution N gal vs. M 200 . After correcting for projection effects, the slope of the $L_{\rm op}{-}M_{200}$ and $N_{\rm gal}{-}M_{200}$ relations is found to be $0.92\pm0.03$, close, but still significantly less than unity. We show that the non-linearity of these relations cannot be explained by variations of the galaxy luminosity distributions and of the galaxy $M/L$ with the cluster mass. Conclusions. We suggest that the nonlinear relation between number of galaxies and cluster mass reflects an underlying nonlinear relation between number of subhaloes and halo mass.
Localization in sensor networks with fading and mobility

In sensor networks the device localization is an interesting topic due to its relationship with routing and energy consumption. We propose a scheme to perform localization, based on the estimation of the power received by only two beacons placed in known positions. By starting from the received powers, eventually averaged on a given window to counteract interference and fading, the actual distance between the sensor and the beacons is derived and the position obtained by means of triangulation. The paper shows the effectiveness of this approach in different environments, by including the possible disturbance due to fading channels and sensor mobility.
FSR 0190: another old distant Galactic cluster

We are conducting a large programme to classify newly discovered Milky Way star cluster candidates from Froebrich et al. Here we present near-infrared follow-up observations of FSR 0190 (α = 20 h 05 m 31. s 3 ,δ = 33 ◦ 34 ′ 09 ′′ , J2000). The cluster is situated close to the Galactic plane (l = 70. ◦ 7302, b =+ 0. 9498). It shows a circular shape, and a relatively large number of core helium burning stars ‐ which clearly distinguishes the cluster from the rich field ‐ but no centrally condensed star density profile. We derive an age of more than 7 Gyr, a Galactocentric distance of 10.5 kpc, a distance of 10 kpc from the Sun, and an extinction of AK = 0.8 mag. The estimated mass is at least of the order of 10 5 M⊙, and the absolute brightness is MV � −4.7 mag; both are rather typical properties for Palomar-type globular clusters.
Research on Race, Ethnicity, Immigration, and Leisure: Have We Missed the Boat?

ABSTRACT The goal of this essay is to offer a critical look at the past 40 years of research on race, ethnicity, immigration, and leisure and to pose some provocative questions about the future of this subdiscipline. In particular, the article examines the main strands of research on this topic, reviews suggestions for future study offered by some key manuscripts and book chapters, and examines their relevance vis-á-vis current social and political discourse in North America and beyond. Are these research questions still relevant or does the new reality of North American and European societies necessitate refocusing of our scholarship?
Factor Analysis and Psychometric Validation of the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire in an Australian Undergraduate Sample

Objective Body image disturbance encompasses various cognitive and behavioural states originating from a distressing, negative evaluation of one's appearance. It is broader than negative body image, comprising not only dissatisfaction but also distress and dysfunction, and is a core feature of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). This study had two broad aims: to establish normative values for body image disturbance within an Australian population and to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ). Method Australian undergraduate students (N = 950, 744 female) from Western Sydney completed the BIDQ, along with measures of clinical psychopathology, self‐esteem, and functional impairment. Results The BIDQ displayed good internal consistency and predictable concurrent relationships with measures of depression, anxiety, stress, self‐esteem, and functional impairment. It also yielded a single latent construct, while higher scores were noted among participants who screened positively for BDD. Conclusions BIDQ scores for this sample differ to those originally reported, which may reflect sample differences or cultural variation. These values provide a more accurate and reliable guide for clinicians using the BIDQ in Australia than previously available. Overall, the BIDQ demonstrates good psychometric efficacy in an undergraduate sample, although future research should validate the measure among wider clinical and community populations.
Materials and Methods Som Text Figs. S1 to S7 References Movies S1 to S7 Role of Subplate Neurons in Functional Maturation of Visual Cortical Columns

In the velocity-limited regime, a fragment moves at the maximum velocity whenever there are one or more force generators active. The more force generators per fragment, the higher the mean speed, because the probability of having at least one active force generator is increased. However, this model results in a mean-variance relationship identical to the force-limited case presented, with N ϭ 1. This is not consistent with our results. 21. With fewer than 12 aster fragments generated per spindle pole and one or two active force generators per fragment, we expect fewer than 50 active force generators throughout the embryo at any time during anaphase. Because the laser was focused at regions where the pericentriolar material and ␥-tubulin are localized, we expect a fraction of the centrosomal ␥-tubulin to be destroyed. Consequently, not all aster fragments contained detectable levels of ␥-tubulin. 31. Stray light from the pulsed ultraviolet (UV) laser used for OICD bleached the surrounding GFP–␣-tubulin. Therefore, UV laser power was reduced by about 70% to visualize fragment movement by GFP. With less laser power, we probably produced larger fragments with an increased drag coefficient. Thus, elementary speeds were smaller in the GFP assay than in the DIC assay. On the other hand, larger fragments have more force generators associated, consistent with the general increase in N for the GFP assay. 32. We thank C. for useful discussions, experimental assistance , and helpful comments. Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant SPP 1111 (HY3/2-1). The subplate forms a transient circuit required for development of connections between the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. When subplate neurons are ablated, ocular dominance columns do not form in the visual cortex despite the robust presence of thalamic axons in layer 4. We show that subplate ablation also prevents formation of orientation columns. Visual responses are weak and poorly tuned to orientation. Furthermore, thalamocortical synaptic transmission fails to strengthen, whereas intra-cortical synapses are unaffected. Thus, subplate circuits are essential not only for the anatomical segregation of thalamic inputs but also for key steps in synaptic remodeling and maturation needed to establish the functional architecture of visual cortex. Subplate neurons, located in the developing white matter (WM), are among the first postmitotic cortical neurons (1). They are also first to receive functional synaptic inputs from the thalamus; their axons relay this input into the cortical plate well in advance of the invasion of thalamic axons into layer …
‘Pick Any’ Measures Contaminate Brand Image Studies

Brand image measures using the typical ‘pick any’ answer format have been shown to be unstable (Rungie et al. 2005). In the present study, we find that these poor stability results are mainly caused by the pick-any measure itself because it allows consumers to evade reporting true associations. Using a forcedchoice binary measure, we find that stable brand attribute associations are in fact present with much higher incidence (70%), thus outperforming both the measures predominantly used in industry (pick-any, 41%) and academia (7-point scale measure, 59%). Under simulated optimal conditions, the forced-choice binary measure leads to 90% stability of brand-attribute associations and is therefore recommended as the optimal answer format for brand image studies.
Temporal control of nuclear envelope assembly by phosphorylation of lamin B receptor

The nuclear envelope of metazoans disassembles during mitosis and reforms in late anaphase after sister chromatids have well separated. The coordination of these mitotic events is important for genome stability, yet the temporal control of nuclear envelope reassembly is unknown. Although the steps of nuclear formation have been extensively studied in vitro using the reconstitution system from egg extracts, the temporal control can only be studied in vivo. Herein, we use time‐lapse microscopy to investigate this process in living HeLa cells. We demonstrate that Cdk1 activity prevents premature nuclear envelope assembly and that phosphorylation of the inner nuclear membrane protein lamin B receptor (LBR) by Cdk1 contributes to the temporal control. We further identify a region in the nucleoplasmic domain of LBR that inhibits premature chromatin binding of the protein. We propose that this inhibitory effect is partly mediated by Cdk1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we show that the reduced chromatin‐binding ability of LBR together with Aurora B activity contribute to nuclear envelope breakdown. Our studies reveal for the first time a mechanism that controls the timing of nuclear envelope reassembly through modification of an integral nuclear membrane protein.
Understanding the food preferences of people of low socioeconomic status

Scholars have long studied consumer taste dynamics within class-stratified contexts, but relatively little attention has been paid to the taste preferences of low-socioeconomic-status groups. We analyze interview data from 254 individuals from 105 families across Canada to explore the cultural repertoires that guide low-socioeconomic-status consumer tastes in food. Empirically, we ask which foods respondents prefer, and for what reasons, across socioeconomic status groups. Analytically, we argue that low-socioeconomic-status respondents demonstrate aesthetic preferences that operate according to four cultural repertoires that are distinctly different from that of high-socioeconomic-status omnivorous cultural consumption. Our respondents display tastes for foods from corporate brands, familiar “ethnic” foods, and foods perceived as healthy. While low-socioeconomic-status taste preferences in food are shaped by quotidian economic constraints – what Bourdieu called “tastes of necessity” – we show how cultural repertoires guiding low-socioeconomic-status tastes relate to both material circumstances and broader socio-temporal contexts. Our findings advance debates about the nature of low-socioeconomic-status food ideals by illuminating their underlying meanings and justifications and contribute to scholarly understanding of low-socioeconomic-status consumption.
The value of CRP, IL-6, leptin, cortisol, and peritoneal caspase-3 monitoring in the operative strategy of secondary peritonitis.

BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the impact of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, leptin, cortisol, and caspase-3 on the decision of terminating planned abdominal repair in secondary peritonitis. METHODS Fifteen patients with peritonitis were enrolled into the study. Serum CRP, IL-6, leptin, cortisol, and peritoneal caspase-3 activities were measured. RESULTS APACHE II scores at 48 hours (h) and age were significantly higher in non-survivors. A significant decrease was observed in caspase-3 activities of patients in whom ≤4 laparotomies were performed when compared with those who underwent >4 laparotomies. For patients who underwent ≤4 laparotomies, there was a significant difference in caspase-3 levels between 0 and 72 h. There was no significant difference in caspase-3 levels in non-survivors; caspase-3 levels were significantly lower in the survivors at 48 and 72 h. Changes in CRP, IL-6, leptin, and cortisol levels were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION CRP, IL-6, leptin, cortisol, and caspase-3 are not valuable in discriminating the number of planned operations, even though there is a significant decrease in caspase-3 "within" survivors. The discriminative value of caspase-3 for closure should be evaluated in studies in which caspase-3 is monitored for a longer duration in a large number of patients.
Adolescent Development from an Agentic Perspective

Different periods of life present certain prototypic challenges and compe-tency demands for successful functioning. Changing aspirations, time perspectives, and societal systems over the course of the life span alter how people structure, regulate, and evaluate their lives. Psychosocial changes with age do not represent lock-step stages through which everyone must inevitably pass as part of a preordained developmental sequence. There are many pathways through life and, at any given period, people vary substantially in how successfully they manage their lives in the milieus in which they are immersed. The beliefs they hold about their capabilities to produce results by their actions are an influential personal resource in negotiating their lives through the life cycle. Social cognitive theory analyzes developmental changes across the life span in terms of evolvement and exercise of human agency. When viewed from this perspective, the paths that lives take are shaped by the reciprocal interplay between personal factors and diverse influences in ever-changing societies. The environment in which people live their lives is not a situational entity that ordains their life course. Rather, it is a varied suc-CHAPTER 1
Issues and Challenges in Geomatics Education in Haryana State, India

In Haryana, the beginning of Geomatics may be traced back to the establishment of Haryana State Remote Sensing Application Centre (HARSAC) now renamed as Haryana Space Application Centre at Hisar under the aegis of Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of Haryana with the active support from Department of Space, Govt. of India in 1986. Though, Gurgaon has developed as Geomatics hub housing many national and international collaborators but mostly involved in RS& GIS applications and rarely as a training centre. Looking to the needs of the trained manpower in Geomatics, PG diploma course in remote sensing and GIS was started by MDU, Rohtak in 2005 followed by CRM, Jat College Hisar in 2007. GJU, Hisar came up with M. Tech. degree in Geoinformatics in collaboration with HARSAC, Hisar two years before i.e. in 2009. MDU, Rohtak has also come up the M. Tech. programme in Geoinformatics this year. The Geo-sciences disciplines including the department of Geophysics, Geology, Geography and Environmental Sciences in different universities in Haryana are also having a compulsory paper on RS, GIS and GPS emphasizing more on the fundamentals and applications specifically in their specific domains. The Department of Geophysics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra has also established Geoinformatics lab with funding from UGC to cater the training needs in this sector. The present paper discusses critical issues related to the present status, grey areas and future scenario of Geomatics education in Haryana.
Case-based Reasoning : A Process Reasoning

Case Base Building with Similarity Relations Zhaohao Sun, Gavin Finnie, Klaus Weber* School of Information Technology, Bond University Email: {zsun, gfinnie}@bond.edu. au * Lufthansa Systems Berlin GmbH, Fritschestr. 27-28, D-10585 Berlin, Germany Klaus.Weber@LHSystems.com Abstract: This paper has two main contributions. Firstly, it shows that similarity relations are an adequate means of formalization not only for case retrieval but also for case base building. Secondly, this paper provides a theoretical formalization for building case bases in case-based reasoning (CBR) and presents three algorithms for case base building. The proposed approach argues that case base building can be based on both similarity relations and fuzzy similarity relations, which are both defined on the possible world of problems and solutions respectively. Thus case base building is a form of similarity-based reasoning. This approach is a foundation and an extension for the logical and fuzzy approach to case based reasoning.