Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The medical emergency team

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Morphologic characteristics of N‐methyi ‐N‐nitrosourea‐induced retinal degeneration in C57BL mice

Morphologic characteristics of retinal degeneration induced by a single systemic administration of Methyl‐Knitro‐sourea (MNU) in mice was Investigated. The aim was to characterize the MNU‐Induced retinal lesions In mice and compare them with human retinitis pigmentosa. A dose of 60 mg/kg body weight MNU, Injected intraperttoneally into male and female C57BL mice, evoked progressive retinal degeneration in all treated mice, while control mice re mined normal. An early change was photoreceptor apoptosis followed by Infiltration of macrophages and swelling of the pigment epithellal cells with phagosomal inclusions for apoptotic photoreceptor cell removal. Loss of the majority of photoreceptor cells occurred within a week Then, Feulgenpositive corpuscies, indicative of an aggregation of degenerative photoreceptor elements, vitread the outer limiting membrane were surrounded by Müller cell processes, and the duplication of the pigment epithelial cells sciurid the outer limiting membrane were seen 2 and 3 weeks after the treatment. Finally, the Feulgen‐positive corpuscles disappeared and Müller cell processes were in direct contact with the continuous lining of the single layer of pigment epithellal cells. As in retinitis pigmentosa in humans, the primary event was loss of photoreceptor cells by apoptosis, but the migration of the pigment epithellal cells within the retina was not seen in the present model.
CT versus FDG-PET/CT response evaluation in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan and cetuximab

We compared morphologic computed tomography (CT)‐based to metabolic fluoro‐deoxy‐glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT‐based response evaluation in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and correlated the findings with survival and KRAS status. From 2006 to 2009, patients were included in a phase II trial and treated with cetuximab and irinotecan every second week. They underwent FDG‐PET/CT examination at baseline and after every fourth treatment cycle. Response evaluation was performed prospectively according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.0) and retrospectively according to Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST). Best overall responses were registered. Sixty‐one patients were eligible for response evaluation. Partial response (PR) rate was 18%, stable disease (SD) rate 64%, and progressive disease (PD) rate 18%. Partial metabolic response (PMR) rate was 56%, stable metabolic disease rate 33%, and progressive metabolic disease (PMD) rate 11%. Response agreement was poor, κ‐coefficient 0.19. Hazard ratio for overall survival for responders (PR/PMR) versus nonresponders (PD/PMD) was higher for CT‐ than for FDG‐PET/CT evaluation. Within patients with KRAS mutations, none had PR but 44% had PMR. In conclusion, morphologic and metabolic response agreement was poor primarily because a large part of the patients shifted from SD with CT evaluation to PMR when evaluated with FDG‐PET/CT. Furthermore, a larger fraction of the patients with KRAS mutations had a metabolic treatment response.
Reliability of Glutamate Quantification in Human Nucleus Accumbens Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at a 70-cm Wide-Bore Clinical 3T MRI System

The human nucleus accumbens is a challenging region to study using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) on a 70-cm wide-bore clinical 3T MRI system. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability for quantitative measurement of glutamate concentration in the nucleus accumbens using a 70-cm wide-bore clinical 3T MRI. 1H-MRS of the nucleus accumbens was acquired using the Point-Resolved Spectroscopic Sequence (PRESS) with echo time of 40 ms from 10 healthy volunteers (5 female; age range: 18–30 years) on two separate visits (a baseline, and 1-month time point). The Java-based Magnetic Resonance User Interface (jMRUI) software package was used to quantitatively measure the absolute metabolite concentrations. The test-retest reliability and reproducibility were assessed using intraclass correlations coefficients (ICC), and coefficients of variation (CV). Glutamate concentrations were similar across visits (P = 0.832). Reproducibility measures for all metabolites were good with CV ranging from 7.8 to 14.0%. The ICC values of all metabolites for the intra-class measures were excellent (ICC > 0.8), except that the reliability for Glx (glutamate + glutamine) was good (ICC = 0.768). Pearson correlations for all metabolites were all highly significant (r = 0.636–0.788, P < 0.05). In conclusion, the short-echo-time PRESS can reliably obtain high quality glutamate spectrum from a ~3.4 cm3 voxel of the nucleus accumbens using a 70-cm wide-bore clinical 3T MRI.
Patterns of Evaporation and Precipitation Drive Global Isotopic Changes in Atmospheric Moisture

Because water isotope ratios respond to phase changes during evaporation (E) and precipitation (P), they are candidate fingerprints of changing atmospheric hydrology. Moreover, through preservation in ice cores and other paleoproxies, they provide important insight into the past. Still, there is disagreement over what specific attributes of hydroclimate variability isotopes reveal. Here we argue that variations in zonal mean isotope ratios of water vapor and precipitation are largely a response to geographically shifting patterns of E and P. Differences in the relative importance of local versus remote changes in these moisture variables explain the apparent distinct isotopic sensitivities to temperature and precipitation amount in high and low latitudes, respectively. Not only does our work provide a unified framework for interpreting water isotopic measurements globally, but it also presents a novel approach for diagnosing water cycle changes in a warmer world.
Finding Classes in Legacy Code Using Cluster Analysis

Old software systems are still in use because they implement useful business tasks. Unfortunately, they are difficult to adapt. They have been subject to maintenance repeatedly, have become less and less comprehensible, and they are closely tied to old technology. To address these problems, much research has been carried out to extract business objects — groups of data and associated operations — from existing systems. These business objects are extracted by inspecting sources, documentation, or by asking the original developers to provide appropriate design information; see, e.g., [6, 2] for techniques supporting this process. Once they are extracted, they form the basis for an object-oriented re-implementation of the kernel of the system, a re-implemntation which thanks to the object-orientation is far more flexible and easier to adapt. There are three important steps in the extraction of business objects: (1) identification of potential instance variables; (2) identification of potential methods; (3) grouping of variables and methods into classes. In this paper, we concentrate on the third step, for which we propose the use of cluster analysis , a general technique for finding groups in data [4]. In this paper we will show that cluster analysis can support the extraction of an object oriented re-design in that it can
Effective mining on large databases for intrusion detection

Data mining is a common automated way of generating normal patterns for intrusion detection systems. In this work a large dataset is customized to be suitable for both sequence mining and association rule learning. These two different mining methods are then tested and compared to find out which one produces more accurate valid patterns for the intrusion detection system.Results show that higher detection rate is achieved when using apriori algorithm on the proposed dataset. The main contribution of this work is the evaluation of the association rule learning that can be used for further studies in the field of database intrusion detection systems.
A Stochastic Investment Model for Renewable Generation in Distribution Systems

A model to obtain the optimal allocation and timing of renewable distributed generation under uncertainty is proposed as part of distribution expansion planning. The problem is formulated using a stochastic two-stage multiperiod mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model, where investment decisions are done in the first stage and scenario-dependent operation variables are solved in the second stage. The model aims to minimize renewable distributed generation (photovoltaic and wind) investment costs, substation expansion investment cost, operation and maintenance costs, energy losses cost, and the cost of the power purchased from the transmission system. Active and reactive power flow equations are linearized and constraints include voltage limits, substation and feeders capacities, renewable generation limits, and investment constraints. The model is tested on a 34-bus system and conclusions are duly drawn.
The relationship between elevated magnesium levels and coronary artery ectasia

Summary Backround Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) without specific symptoms is the localised or diffuse swelling of the epicardial coronary arteries. Magnessium (Mg) plays an important role in cardiac excitability, vascular tonus, contractibility, reactivity and vasodilatation. In our research, we aimed to study the vasodilatory effect of Mg in the aetiopathogenesis of ectasia. Methods Patients identified during routine coronary angiograms in our clinic between January 2010 and 2013 were included in the study. Sixty-two patients with isolated CAE, 57 with normal coronary angiograms (NCA), 73 with severe coronary artery disease (CAD), and 95 with stenosis of at least one coronary artery and CAE (CAD + CAE) were included in the study. Serum Mg levels were measured in mg/ dl after 12 hours of fasting. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of age, hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, family history of coronary artery disease and medications used. Serum glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), urea, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, sodium and potassium levels were similar in all groups. Serum Mg levels were 1.90 ± 0.19 mg/dl in patients with isolated CAE, 1.75 ± 0.19 mg/dl in those with CAD, 1.83 ± 0.20 mg/dl in those with CAD + CAE, and 1.80 ± 0.16 mg/dl in the NCA group. These results show that Mg levels were higher in ectasia patients with or without CAD. Conclusions The histopathological characteristics of patients with CAE were similar to those with CAD. The specific mechanism of abnormal luminal dilatation seen in CAE however remains to be elucidated. Mg is a divalent cation with powerful vasodilatory effects. In our study, serum Mg levels were found to be statistically higher in ectasia patients with or without CAD.
An eQTL Analysis of Partial Resistance to Puccinia hordei in Barley

Background Genetic resistance to barley leaf rust caused by Puccinia hordei involves both R genes and quantitative trait loci. The R genes provide higher but less durable resistance than the quantitative trait loci. Consequently, exploring quantitative or partial resistance has become a favorable alternative for controlling disease. Four quantitative trait loci for partial resistance to leaf rust have been identified in the doubled haploid Steptoe (St)/Morex (Mx) mapping population. Further investigations are required to study the molecular mechanisms underpinning partial resistance and ultimately identify the causal genes. Methodology/Principal Findings We explored partial resistance to barley leaf rust using a genetical genomics approach. We recorded RNA transcript abundance corresponding to each probe on a 15K Agilent custom barley microarray in seedlings from St and Mx and 144 doubled haploid lines of the St/Mx population. A total of 1154 and 1037 genes were, respectively, identified as being P. hordei-responsive among the St and Mx and differentially expressed between P. hordei-infected St and Mx. Normalized ratios from 72 distant-pair hybridisations were used to map the genetic determinants of variation in transcript abundance by expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping generating 15685 eQTL from 9557 genes. Correlation analysis identified 128 genes that were correlated with resistance, of which 89 had eQTL co-locating with the phenotypic quantitative trait loci (pQTL). Transcript abundance in the parents and conservation of synteny with rice allowed us to prioritise six genes as candidates for Rphq11, the pQTL of largest effect, and highlight one, a phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (HvPHGPx) for detailed analysis. Conclusions/Significance The eQTL approach yielded information that led to the identification of strong candidate genes underlying pQTL for resistance to leaf rust in barley and on the general pathogen response pathway. The dataset will facilitate a systems appraisal of this host-pathogen interaction and, potentially, for other traits measured in this population.
ESD protection design for 1- to 10-GHz distributed amplifier in CMOS technology

Two distributed electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection schemes are presented and applied to protect distributed amplifiers (DAs) against ESD stresses. Fabricated in a standard 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process, the DA with the first protection scheme of the equal-sized distributed ESD (ES-DESD) protection scheme, contributing an extra 300 fF parasitic capacitance to the circuit, can sustain the human-body model (HBM) ESD level of 5.5 kV and machine-model (MM) ESD level of 325 V and exhibits the flat-gain of 4.7 /spl plusmn/ 1 dB from 1 to 10 GHz. With the same amount of parasitic capacitance, the DA with the second protection scheme of the decreasing-sized distributed ESD (DS-DESD) protection scheme achieves better ESD robustness, where the HBM ESD level over 8 kV and MM ESD level is 575 V, and has the flat-gain of 4.9 /spl plusmn/ 1.1 dB over the 1 to 9.2-GHz band. With these two proposed ESD protection schemes, the broad-band RF performances and high ESD robustness of the DA can be successfully codesigned to meet the application specifications.
Mast Cells as an Indicator and Prognostic Marker in Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer

Background/Aim: Mast cells (MCs) represent the most controversial non-malignant element of the tumor microenvironment. Our aim was to study how MCs density and distribution (intratumoral-MCit versus peritumoral-MCpt) relate to tumor grade and molecular subtypes. Materials and Methods: MCs tryptase immunohistochemistry was performed on 80 cases of breast carcinomas. Results: For Luminal A tumors, a partial correlation was detected between MCit and progesterone receptor (PR) (p=0.005). Luminal B tumors showed a significant correlation between MCpt and age (p=0.009), estrogen receptor (ER) (p=0.017) and PR (p=0.035). MCit and MCpt were strongly interrelated in this subtype (p=0.002) and in triple-negative breast cancers (p=0.002). In HER2 subtype, MCpt tumors were significantly correlated with HER2 (p=0.044). In G2 tumors, MCpt correlated with ER (p=0.015) and PR (p=0.038) while in G3 tumors ER correlated with both MCit (p=0.009) and MCpt (p=0.000487) tumors. Conclusion: MCs dynamics are strongly influenced by hormone receptors and HER2 status. MCit increased in aggressive tumor types and is a worse prognostic factor.
Morphological alterations in the caudate, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus in Parkinson's disease

Like many neurodegenerative diseases, the clinical symptoms of Parkinsons disease (PD) do not manifest until significant progression of the disease has already taken place, motivating the need for sensitive biomarkers of the disease. While structural imaging is a potentially attractive method due to its widespread availability and non-invasive nature, global morphometric measures (e.g., volume) have proven insensitive to subtle disease change. Here we use individual surface displacements from deformations of an average surface model to capture disease related changes in shape of the subcortical structures in PD. Data were obtained from both the University of British Columbia (UBC) [n = 54 healthy controls (HC) and n = 55 Parkinsons disease (PD) patients] and the publicly available Parkinsons Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) [n = 137 (HC) and n = 189 (PD)] database. A high dimensional non-rigid registration algorithm was used to register target segmentation labels (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus) to a set of segmentation labels defined on the average-template. The vertex-wise surface displacements were significantly different between PD and HC in thalamic and caudate structures. However, overall displacements did not correlate with disease severity, as assessed by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The results from this study suggest disease-relevant shape abnormalities can be robustly detected in subcortical structures in PD. Future studies will be required to determine if shape changes in subcortical structures are seen in the prodromal phases of the disease.
Towards a new methodological framework for the delimitation of rural and urban areas: a case study of Serbia

ABSTRACT Abstract: Identification of urban and rural areas has been a widely present topic in the past decades, both in scientific research and in the policy and practice of spatial/regional development and territorial governance. The internationally accepted OECD definition does not produce appropriate results that are able to include the multidimensionality of these territories. In this context, the aim of this paper is the analysis and selection of relevant criteria and indicators of urbanity/rurality that may be significant for the establishment of a methodological framework for identifying urban and rural areas in Serbia. Multivariate analysis (PCA, FA and CA) was used to group local self-government units (LSGU) in Serbia that share similar characteristics. The research resulted in five types of areas which indicate that rural and urban areas in Serbia are very diverse in terms of physiogeographical, socio-economic and functional characteristics. The results of this paper offer a more detailed analysis based on scientifically and empirically selected indicators and can be applied in the practice of spatial and urban planning, and in the adaptation of strategic development documents at the regional or national level.
Barriers to adherence of deferoxamine usage in sickle cell disease

We hypothesized that child cognitive disability would be a significant risk factor for non‐adherence with home deferoxamine (DFO) administration and that a factor that would contribute to improved adherence would be sharing of responsibilities for chelation between parents and patients. We explored the influences on adherence of behavioral and psychological adjustment; family stress; perceived convenience of and satisfaction with the DFO regimen; and parent and patient knowledge about DFO.
Nationwide epidemiologic study for pediatric osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in South Korea

Abstract Epidemiologic studies of pediatric bone and joint infection have been done mostly by developed Western countries, and such results could be expected to be biased. Therefore, an epidemiologic study to identify the distinct features of an Eastern country would be beneficial to improve their health outcomes and to reduce health care cost. A study was planned to investigate the epidemiology of pediatric osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in South Korea and to find out epidemiologic factors related with the occurrence of surgery. We conducted a cross-sectional study among hospitalized pediatric patients (<18 years old) with osteomyelitis and septic arthritis using nationwide cohort based on the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) from 2008 to 2016. Percentage of hospitalization was additionally calculated according to several epidemiologic factors including age, month, site of infection, and region of residence. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the association between epidemiologic factors and occurrence of surgery Annual hospitalization rates (per 100,000) in our country were 7.8 to 9.1 for osteomyelitis, and 11.9 to 20.8 for septic arthritis. Frequent sites of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis were pelvis and lower extremity. The hospitalization rates of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis showed increasing trend with age. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, female gender, children, and adolescents rather than infants, rural area rather than urban area were associated with significantly increased odd ratios for surgery. The hospitalization rate of septic arthritis (11.9 to 20.8 per 100,000) in South Korea was higher than the Western countries (1.1 to 11 per 100,000), and the hospitalization rate of osteomyelitis (peak at 12 years) and septic arthritis (peak at 17 years) showed increasing trend with age, which was different from those of the developed Western countries showing higher incidence in children aged under 5 years. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, our study identified female gender, higher age group including children, and adolescents, and rural residence as epidemiologic risk factors associated with surgery.
Merkel Cells and Sclerosing Epithelial Neoplasms

Merkel cells are normal constituents of the basal layer of the epidermis and the follicular epithelium. They have been identified in benign neoplasms with follicular germinative differentiation but seem to be absent in basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). Because sclerosing epithelial neoplasms are often sampled by small biopsies, any method that enables distinction among them would be welcome. We used immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 20 to assess the presence of Merkel cells in 14 cases of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma (DTE), 12 specimens of syringoma, 11 samples of morpheiform BCC, and 8 specimens of microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC). Merkel cells were found in association with all 14 specimens of DTE and in 1 of 11 cases of morpheiform BCC (p < 0.005) but in none of the specimens of syringoma or MAC. Our study supports previous findings that Merkel cells are seen in association with cutaneous neoplasms that are benign and of a follicular germinative origin. Although MAC may differentiate along follicular-sebaceous-apocrine lines, the absence of Merkel cells within it is consistent with its malignancy. The identification of Merkel cells in a sclerosing epithelial neoplasm of the skin points to DTE as the most likely diagnosis.