Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social cues and verbal framing in risky choice.

We examined how people use social and verbal cues of differing priorities in making social decisions. In Experiment 1, formally identical life – death choice problems were presented in different hypothetical group contexts and were phrased in either a positive or negative frame. The risk-seeking choice became more dominant as the number of kin in an endangered group increased. Framing effects occurred only in a heterogeneous group context where the lives at risk were a mixture of kin and strangers. No framing effect was found when the same problem was presented in the context of a homogeneous group consisting of either all kin or all strangers. We viewed the framing effects to be a sign of indecisive risk preference due to the differential effects of a kinship cue and a stranger cue on choice. In Experiment 2, we presented the life – death problem in two artificial group contexts involving either 6 billion human lives or 6 billion extraterrestrial lives. A framing effect was found only in the human context. Two pre-conditions of framing effects appear to be social unfamiliarity of a decision problem and aspiration level of a decision maker. In Experiment 3, we analyzed the direction of the framing effect by balancing the framing. The direction of the framing effect depended on the baseline level of risk preference determined by a specific decision context. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Note on Multiplication and Composition Operators in Lorentz Spaces

we revisit the Lorentz spaces 𝐿(𝑝,𝑞) for 𝑝>1,𝑞>0 defined by G. G. Lorentz in the nineteen fifties and we show how the atomic decomposition of the spaces 𝐿(𝑝,1) obtained by De Souza in 2010 can be used to characterize the multiplication and composition operators on these spaces. These characterizations, though obtained from a completely different perspective, confirm the various results obtained by S. C. Arora, G. Datt and S. Verma in different variants of the Lorentz Spaces.
Revised Criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment: Validation within a Longitudinal Population Study

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to the transitional zone between normal ageing and dementia. Current criteria perform poorly within the general population setting. Revisions have been proposed based on results obtained from clinical and epidemiological studies. Objective: To evaluate revised diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI-R) incorporating changes in activity level and non-mnesic cognitive functioning. Method: MCI-R subjects were recruited from a representative network of general practitioners in the south of France. A computerized neuropsychometric examination was given. At 2 years of follow-up, a diagnosis of dementia was made by a neurologist using DSM-IIIR criteria and without knowledge of the results of the cognitive testing. Rates of conversion to incident dementia were assessed by receiver operating characteristics analysis. Results: The MCI-R prevalence was found to be 16.6% using revised criteria. A significantly better prediction of transition to dementia (AUC = 0.80, sensitivity: 95%, specificity: 66%) was obtained with MCI-R than with the previous MCI criteria (AUC = 0.48, sensitivity: 5%, specificity: 91%). The predictive power was found to increase when MCI subtypes were combined. Conclusion: Incorporating the possibility of change in activity level and alteration of non-mnesic cognitive functions have been found to ameliorate the original algorithm and better define subjects converting to dementia. This definition may be applicable to both clinical and population research.
Ensemble learning for classification of motor imagery tasks in multiclass brain computer interfaces

The difficulty to decode brain signals in a reliable way limits practical motor imagery-based brain computer interface (MI-BCI) applications. The aim of this paper is to propose a classification framework that handle spectral, temporal, and spatial characteristics associated with execution of motor imagery tasks, as well as the temporal variability in EEG data. An ensemble learning approach such as stacked generalization is used to combine information coming from multiple sources. The session-to-session performance of the proposed classifier ensemble is evaluated on a multiclass problem posed in the BCI Competition IV dataset 2a. The results yields a higher mean kappa of 0.66 compared to 0.62 from the baseline linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Also, our approach outperforms the winner of the BCI Competition IV dataset 2a and other studies reported in BCI literature.
Semantics and Verification of UML Activity Diagrams for Workflow Modelling

This thesis defines a formal semantics for UML activity diagrams that is suitable for workflow modelling. The semantics allows verification of functional requirements using model checking. Since a workflow specification prescribes how a workflow system behaves, the semantics is defined and motivated in terms of workflow systems. As workflow systems are reactive and coordinate activities, the defined semantics reflects these aspects. In fact, two formal semantics are defined, which are completely different. Both semantics are defined directly in terms of activity diagrams and not by a mapping of activity diagrams to some existing formal notation. The requirements-level semantics, based on the Statemate semantics of statecharts, assumes that workflow systems are infinitely fast w.r. t. their environment and react immediately to input events (this assumption is called the perfect synchrony hypothesis). The implementation-level semantics, based on the UML semantics of statecharts, does not make this assumption. Due to the perfect synchrony hypothesis, the requirements-level semantics is unrealistic, but easy to use for verification. On the other hand, the implementation-level semantics is realistic, but difficult to use for verification. A class of activity diagrams and a class of functional requirements is identified for which the outcome of the verification does not depend upon the particular semantics being used, i.e., both semantics give the same result. For such activity diagrams and such functional requirements, the requirements-level semantics is as realistic as the implementation-level semantics, even though the requirements-level semantics makes the perfect synchrony hypothesis. The requirements-level semantics has been implemented in a verification tool. The tool interfaces with a model checker by translating an activity diagram into an input for a model checker according to the requirements-level semantics. The model checker checks the desired functional requirement against the input model. If the model checker returns a counterexample, the tool translates this counterexample back into the activity diagram by highlighting a path corresponding to the counterexample. The tool supports verification of workflow models that have event-driven behaviour, data, real time, and loops. Only model checkers supporting strong fairness model checking turn out to be useful. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by using the tool to verify some real-life workflow models.
Patient Factors Associated with Missed Appointments in Persons with Schizophrenia

Objective: There is limited research on factors that may predict missed appointments. This study examined correlates to missed appointments in a sample of persons attending an outpatient schizophrenia program. Method: We measured the rate of missed appointments for 342 outpatients with severe and persistent mental illness (that is, with diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and delusional disorder) attending a psychiatric outpatient clinic over a period of 2 years and 3 months. We collected and analyzed demographic and clinical variables to ascertain differences between patients with high and low rates of nonattendance. Results: Patients who missed 20% or more of their appointments were significantly younger, were more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol, and manifested lower levels of community functioning. Conclusions: This profile may be useful in helping clinicians to schedule appointments for this clinical population, to identify those who may need community outreach services, and to improve their treatment prospects.
High School Students’ Informal Reasoning on a Socio‐scientific Issue: Qualitative and quantitative analyses

Recently, the significance of learners’ informal reasoning on socio‐scientific issues has received increasing attention among science educators. To gain deeper insights into this important issue, an integrated analytic framework was developed in this study. With this framework, 71 Grade 10 students’ informal reasoning about nuclear energy usage was explored qualitatively and quantitatively. It was found that the students in this study tended to process reasoning from multiple perspectives, and most of them were prone to make evidence‐based decisions. However, less than 40% of the participants were able to construct rebuttals against counter‐arguments. It was also revealed that students’ abundant usage of supportive arguments did not guarantee for their counter‐argument construction as well as rebuttal construction, but their usage of counter‐arguments might act as precursors to their construction of rebuttals. In addition, learners’ usage of multiple reasoning modes might help them propose more arguments and, in particular, generate more counter‐arguments, which may act as precursors to their rebuttal construction. This study also showed evidence that students’ scientific knowledge that might be mainly acquired from school science instruction could be viewed as important foundation for better informal reasoning and decision‐making on socio‐scientific issues.
Age, Health and Attractiveness Perception of Virtual (Rendered) Human Hair

The social significance of physical appearance and beauty has been documented in many studies. It is known that even subtle manipulations of facial morphology and skin condition can alter people’s perception of a person’s age, health and attractiveness. While the variation in facial morphology and skin condition cues has been studied quite extensively, comparably little is known on the effect of hair on social perception. This has been partly caused by the technical difficulty of creating appropriate stimuli for investigations of people’s response to systematic variation of certain hair characteristics, such as color and style, while keeping other features constant. Here, we present a modeling approach to the investigation of human hair perception using computer-generated, virtual (rendered) human hair. In three experiments, we manipulated hair diameter (Experiment 1), hair density (Experiment 2), and hair style (Experiment 3) of human (female) head hair and studied perceptions of age, health and attractiveness. Our results show that even subtle changes in these features have an impact on hair perception. We discuss our findings with reference to previous studies on condition-dependent quality cues in women that influence human social perception, thereby suggesting that hair is a salient feature of human physical appearance, which contributes to the perception of beauty.
Interactive control of music using emotional body expressions

This paper presents a novel music mixing interface which allows users to blend between pieces of music by moving their whole body in different emotional styles. Although the interface itself would be most applicable for the performing arts and gaming, the principles concerning the use of emotions and body motion analysis apply to many other areas interested in the design of intelligent user interfaces. We report the results of a pilot user study which suggest that such an interface could afford an emotionally immersive experience. However, individual user differences in the expression of emotions need to be accounted for.
Deterministic versus Adaptive Routing in Fat-Trees

Clusters of PCs have become very popular to build high performance computers. These machines use commodity PCs linked by a high speed interconnect. Routing is one of the most important design issues of interconnection networks. Adaptive routing usually better balances network traffic, thus allowing the network to obtain a higher throughput. However, adaptive routing introduces out-of-order packet delivery, which is unacceptable for some applications. Concerning topology, most of the commercially available interconnects are based on fat-tree. Fat-trees offer a rich connectivity among nodes, making possible to obtain paths between all source-destination pairs that do not share any link. We exploit this idea to propose a deterministic routing algorithm for fat-trees, comparing it with adaptive routing in several workloads. The results show that deterministic routing can achieve a similar, and in some scenarios higher, level of performance than adaptive routing, while providing in-order packet delivery.
Can Foreign Aid Be Used to Promote Good Government in Developing Countries?

In the five years since the collapse of communist rule in Eastern Europe, there has been a major shift in the way in which development aid is conceived and discussed in the aid agencies and foreign affairs ministries of the donor nations. There is a new agenda, the “ new political conditionality ” or “good government ” agenda. Formally, at least, aid increasingly is being tied to the practice of “good government ” as defined by the aid donors. Aid projects are now being justified in terms of their contribution to this god. More significantly, the practice of good government by recipients is becoming a general condition for eligibility for aid. The coercion of the Kenyan government into holding general elections in December 1992 has been the most vivid and publicized example of such practice to date, It is widely believed that there have been several other instances recently where aid donors, generally acting more covertly than in the Kenyan case, have had a major influence on the constitution of African governments.
Gastrointestinal Helminthes Infesting Stray Dogs with Emphasis on Echinococcus Spp . in Nyala , South Darfur State , Sudan

Dogs are important animals that serve in transmission of E. granulosus; they also play a major role as vectors for many zoonotic parasite, bacteriae and viruses in the Sudan. The current study reports on presence of gastrointestinal helminthes with emphasis on E granulosus. During a rabies control campaign, conducted in 2011 at Nyala South Darfur State, 117 stray dogs investigated. Postmortem examination revealed that, 95.7% of examined animals were infected with one or more GIT parasite worms. The worms identified in dogs were: Ancylostoma caninum (62.4%), Dipylidium caninum (1.7%), Taenia spp. (89.7%) and Echinococcus granulosus (6.8%). No difference in the prevalence was observed between young and old dogs. Although male dogs had higher worm burdens than females, no difference in susceptibility was found between male and female dogs. Moreover, no differences in the prevalence was observed between the southern and northern areas of Nyala although the infected dogs of the northern areas had higher worm burdens than those in the South. Thus, open abattoirs and clandestine slaughterhouses appear to be the main reasons for the high prevalence of canine echinococcosis in the study area.
Genetic epidemiology of the Sudden Oak Death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum in California

A total of 669 isolates of Phytophthora ramorum, the pathogen responsible for Sudden Oak Death, were collected from 34 Californian forests and from the ornamental plant‐trade. Seven microsatellite markers revealed 82 multilocus genotypes (MGs) of which only three were abundant (>10%). Iteratively collapsing based upon minimum ΦST, yielded five meta‐samples and five singleton populations. Populations in the same meta‐sample were geographically contiguous, with one exception, possibly explained by the trade of infected plants from the same source into different locations. Multidimensional scaling corroborated this clustering and identified nursery populations as genetically most distant from the most recent outbreaks. A minimum‐spanning network illustrated the evolutionary relationships among MGs, with common genotypes at the centre and singletons at the extremities; consistent with colonization by a few common genotypes followed by local evolution. Coalescent migration analyses used the original data set and a data set in which local genotypes were collapsed into common ancestral genotypes. Both analyses suggested that meta‐samples 1 (Santa Cruz County) and 3 (Sonoma and Marin Counties), act as sources for most of the other forests. The untransformed data set best explains the first phases of the invasion, when the role of novel genotypes may have been minimal, whereas the second analysis best explains migration patterns in later phases of the invasion, when prevalence of novel genotypes was likely to have become more significant. Using this combined approach, we discuss possible migration routes based on our analyses, and compare them to historical and field observations from several case studies.
Self-control demands, cognitive control deficits, and burnout

Abstract Self-control involves inhibiting undesired behaviours and emotions, and it can be particularly relevant in the service sectors. Recent theoretical developments in cognitive and social psychology suggest that the demands on an individual of exercising self-control have an effect as a source of stress at work. In turn, burnout could be associated with being unable to meet those demands. It was expected that cognitive control deficits, as assessed by a questionnaire measure of self-reported failures in perception, memory, and action, would function as a vulnerability factor in the relationship between self-control demands and indicators of job strain. Data from 630 staff members of a German municipal administration revealed significant main effects of both self-control demands and cognitive control deficits on the burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Both predictors were positively related to burnout. In addition, the results provided clear evidence of the vulnerability hypothesis of cognitive control deficits. By way of contrast, musculoskeletal complaints did not reflect similar main and interactive effects of self-control demands and cognitive control deficits. The requirements for self control in the service sector are expected to increase as the sector expands, and the practical implications for this are discussed.
Telomere Maintenance through Spatial Control of Telomeric Proteins

ABSTRACT The six human telomeric proteins TRF1, TRF2, RAP1, TIN2, POT1, and TPP1 can form a complex called the telosome/shelterin, which is required for telomere protection and length control. TPP1 has been shown to regulate both POT1 telomere localization and telosome assembly through its binding to TIN2. It remains to be determined where such interactions take place and whether cellular compartmentalization of telomeric proteins is important for telomere maintenance. We systematically investigated here the cellular localization and interactions of human telomeric proteins. Interestingly, we found TIN2, TPP1, and POT1 to localize and interact with each other in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Unexpectedly, TPP1 contains a functional nuclear export signal that directly controls the amount of TPP1 and POT1 in the nucleus. Furthermore, binding of TIN2 to TPP1 promotes the nuclear localization of TPP1 and POT1. We also found that disrupting TPP1 nuclear export could result in telomeric DNA damage response and telomere length disregulation. Our findings highlight how the coordinated interactions between TIN2, TPP1, and POT1 in the cytoplasm regulate the assembly and function of the telosome in the nucleus and indicate for the first time the importance of nuclear export and spatial control of telomeric proteins in telomere maintenance.
Ethical Academic Judgments and Behaviors: Applying a Multidimensional Ethics Scale to Measure the Ethical Academic Behavior of Graduate Students

Using Reidenbach and Robin's Multidimensional Ethics Scale, this study investigated the relationships between background variables and students' ethical evaluations, judgments, and behavioral intentions using 3 scenarios involving dilemmas related to academic dishonesty. The sample included 436 master's students and 142 doctoral students. The study found that the participants used a combination of ethical philosophies to make ethical decisions. The respondents judged improper citations more harshly than acts of inappropriate authorship or the falsification of data. The doctoral students generally considered behaviors related to plagiarism and falsification to be more unethical than the master's students did, though no gender differences were found.
E-tourisme, innovation et modes d'organisation

L’innovation dans le tourisme est souvent assimilee a l’introduction de TIC. Des lors, beaucoup de travaux se focalisent sur les impacts de cette introduction sur les differentes dimensions de l’organisation touristique. Nous montrons ici que ces reflexions en termes d’impacts sont trop restrictives et nous envisageons d’autres types de relations (de substitution, de determination, d’identite, de diffusion ou encore de production). Enfin dans une derniere etape, nous analysons en detail les differentes modalites d’organisation de l’innovation et du processus d’innovation dans les activites touristiques.
MDC1 and RNF8 function in a pathway that directs BRCA1-dependent localization of PALB2 required for homologous recombination

Summary The PALB2 protein is associated with breast cancer susceptibility and Fanconi anemia. Notably, PALB2 is also required for DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR). However, the mechanisms that regulate PALB2, and the functional significance of its interaction with the BRCA1 breast cancer susceptibility protein, are poorly understood. Here, to better understand these processes, we fused PALB2, or the PALB2(L21P) mutant which cannot bind to BRCA1, with the BRCT repeats that are present in, and which localize, BRCA1. Our results yield important insights into the regulation of PALB2 function. Both fusion proteins can bypass BRCA1 to localize to sites of DNA damage. Further, the localized fusion proteins are functional, as determined by their ability to support the assembly of RAD51 foci, even in the absence of the capacity of PALB2 to bind BRCA1. Strikingly, the localized fusion proteins mediate DNA double-strand break (DSB)-initiated HR and resistance to mitomycin C in PALB2-deficient cells. Additionally, we show that the BRCA1–PALB2 heterodimer, rather than the PALB2–PALB2 homodimer, mediates these responses. Importantly, we offer the first insight into how BRCA1-dependent recruitment of PALB2 is integrated with other DNA damage signaling pathways. We find that PALB2 localization depends on the presence of MDC1, RNF8, RAP80 and Abraxas upstream of BRCA1. Thus, PALB2 may link HR to a key ubiquitin-related signaling pathway that responds to DSBs.
DÖNÜŞÜMCÜ LİDERLİK, ÖRGÜTSEL ADALET VE İŞ TATMİNİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLERİ BELİRLEMEYE YÖNELİK OKUL ÖNCESİ ÖĞRETMENLERİ ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Bu calismada okul oncesi ogretmenlerinin algilarina gore, donusumcu liderlik, orgutsel adalet ve is tatmini arasindaki iliskilerin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Bu kapsamda Istanbul Kartal Ilcesinde gorev yapan 216 okul oncesi ogretmen uzerinde anket uygulanmistir. Elde edilen veriler faktor analizi, tanimlayici istatistikler, korelasyon ve regresyon analizi ile test edilmistir. Arastirmada sonuc olarak, orgutsel adaletin ogretmenlerin is tatmini duzeylerini olumlu olarak etkiledigi ortaya cikmistir. Ayni zamanda donusumcu liderligin ogretmenlerin is tatmini boyutlarini olumlu etkiledigi saptanmistir.