Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of factors that relate to aggression perpetrated against nurses by patients/relatives or staff.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify the factors that related to aggression (verbal abuse or physical abuse/assault) perpetrated against the nurse or other health professionals by patients/relatives or staff. In the light of the paucity of systematic reviews on this common issue in nursing, the objective was to present a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of these papers. BACKGROUND Aggression towards nurses is common around the world and can be the impetus for nurses leaving the profession or developing anxiety when working in particular settings. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. METHODS Meta-analyses were conducted to assess the effect of the factors of gender and context (dichotomised as mental health/psychiatric or nonmental health/psychiatric). The databases of Medline (1966-2015), CINAHL (1982-2015) and PsychInfo (1920-2015). RESULTS A total of 1571 papers were screened by two reviewers. At the final decision 14 were selected for analysis. A higher proportion of female nurses than male nurses were reported to be the victims of verbal abuse, with the difference in proportions being statistically significant. A statistically significant higher proportion of male nurses than female nurses were reported to be the victims of physical abuse. There was a significantly higher proportion of mental health nurses reported experiencing physical abuse as compared to nonmental health nurses. CONCLUSIONS The analysis reveal female nurses have greater odds of verbal abuse than male nurses and male nurses have greater odds of physical abuse than female nurses. Overall mental health nurses had three times higher odds of physical assault than other nurses. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE In the light of the findings it is recommended organisational support improve in high aggression potential clinical areas and for nursing curriculums to incorporate education about the management of challenging behaviours in undergraduate programmes.
Review: Current status of therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing worldwide. A multidisciplinary approach is required for its management. Screening high-risk patients allows for earlier diagnosis and the use of potentially curative therapies. Current recommendations for HCC screening for patients with cirrhosis are an abdominal ultrasound and serum alpha fetoprotein level every 6 to 12 months. Treatment choice depends on tumor stage, liver function and the patient's overall functional status. Curative therapies include surgical resection, liver transplantation (LT), transarterial chemoembolization, and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Surgical resection, either primary resection or LT, is the treatment most likely to result in cure of HCC. Which option to pursue is based on multiple factors. LT has the potential benefit of treating both HCC and the underlying cirrhosis; however, long wait times incur the risk of tumor progression. Firm recommendations regarding the role of living donor LT for HCC are not yet possible because of conflicting data. HCC recurrence after LT is 8—11% and several adjuvant therapies have been investigated to reduce this. Bridging therapy and tumor downsizing are techniques that also may be considered to deal with long waiting periods and qualification for LT, respectively. If neither LT nor primary resection is possible, loco-regional therapies such as RFA and TACE should be considered. Systemic chemotherapies have proved disappointing for the treatment of HCC; however, newer targeted therapies such as sorafenib and cetuximab have provided new hope for the future.
Advanced Computing Technologies and Applications ( ICACTA-2015 ) A Novel Term _ Class Relevance Measure for Text Categorization

In this paper, we introduce a new measure called Term_Class relevance to compute the relevancy of a term in classifying a document into a particular class. The proposed measure estimates the degree of relevance of a given term, in placing an unlabeled document to be a member of a known class, as a product of Class_Term weight and Class_Term density; where the Class_Term weight is the ratio of the number of documents of the class containing the term to the total number of documents containing the term and the Class_Term density is the relative density of occurrence of the term in the class to the total occurrence of the term in the entire population. Unlike the other existing term weighting schemes such as TF-IDF and its variants, the proposed relevance measure takes into account the degree of relative participation of the term across all documents of the class to the entire population. To demonstrate the significance of the proposed measure experimentation has been conducted on the 20 Newsgroups dataset. Further, the superiority of the novel measure is brought out through a comparative analysis. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of scientific committee of International Conference on Advanced Computing Technologies and Applications (ICACTA-2015).
Influence of Dislocations in Transition Metal Oxides on Selected Physical and Chemical Properties

Studies on dislocations in prototypic binary and ternary oxides (here TiO2 and SrTiO3) using modern TEM and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques, combined with classical etch pits methods, are reviewed. Our review focuses on the important role of dislocations in the insulator-to-metal transition and for redox processes, which can be preferentially induced along dislocations using chemical and electrical gradients. It is surprising that, independently of the growth techniques, the density of dislocations in the surface layers of both prototypical oxides is high (109/cm2 for epipolished surfaces and up to 1012/cm2 for the rough surface). The TEM and locally-conducting atomic force microscopy (LCAFM) measurements show that the dislocations create a network with the character of a hierarchical tree. The distribution of the dislocations in the plane of the surface is, in principle, inhomogeneous, namely a strong tendency for the bundling and creation of arrays or bands in the crystallographic and directions can be observed. The analysis of the core of dislocations using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques (such as EDX with atomic resolution, electron-energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)) shows unequivocally that the core of dislocations possesses a different crystallographic structure, electronic structure and chemical composition relative to the matrix. Because the Burgers vector of dislocations is per se invariant, the network of dislocations (with additional d1 electrons) causes an electrical short-circuit of the matrix. This behavior is confirmed by LCAFM measurements for the stoichiometric crystals, moreover a similar dominant role of dislocations in channeling of the current after thermal reduction of the crystals or during resistive switching can be observed. In our opinion, the easy transformation of the chemical composition of the surface layers of both model oxides should be associated with the high concentration of extended defects in this region. Another important insight for the analysis of the physical properties in real oxide crystals (matrix + dislocations) comes from the studies of the nucleation of dislocations via in situ STEM indentation, namely that the dislocations can be simply nucleated under mechanical stimulus and can be easily moved at room temperature.
Modulating mechanosensory afferent excitability by an atypical mGluR

Mechanotransduction by proprioceptive sensory organs is poorly understood. Evidence was recently shown that muscle spindle and hair follicle primary afferents (lanceolates) constantly release glutamate from synaptic‐like vesicles (SLVs) within the terminals. The secreted glutamate activates a highly unusual metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) to modulate the firing rate (spindles) and SLV recycling (lanceolates). This receptor has yet to be isolated and sequenced. To further investigate this receptor's pharmacology, ligands selective for classical mGluRs have been recently characterised for their ability to alter stretch‐evoked spindle firing and SLV endocytosis in these different endings. Here, it is described how the results of these screens facilitated the development of novel compounds to be used in the process of isolating and sequencing of this non‐canonical mGluR. This study shows how the compounds were tested for their ability to alter stretch‐evoked afferent firing in muscle spindles and SLV endocytosis in the lanceolate endings of hair follicles to ensure they maintained their ability to bind to the receptor. For the development of novel compounds, kainate was chosen as the parent ligand due to its potency and ease of chemical modification. Novel kainate derivatives were then synthesised and tested to find potent analogues suitable for ‘click‐chemistry’, an established technique for relatively quick, cheap, stereospecific and high‐yield chemical modifications (Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 40, 2001, pp2004). Of the novel kainate analogues developed, unfortunately ZCZ49 and ZCZ50 lost the ability to produce a significant change in spindle stretch‐evoked firing. However, ZCZ90 was as potent as kainate, increasing firing by a similar margin at 1 μm (n = 8; P < 0.001). The addition of either a biotin or a fluorescein side group to ZCZ90, using the click‐chemistry technique, did not affect the potency and hence these compounds will be used in further studies of the receptor. As well as the development of these compounds, the study found not only many similarities, but also some key differences between the two types of primary mechanosensory endings investigated. These differences must be taken into account in further study. However, they also present an intriguing opportunity for these receptors to be targeted selectively to modulate ending sensitivity as treatments for muscle spasm in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury, and possibly even baroreceptor firing to treat hypertension.
Effect of poly(ether imide) blends on the physical properties of thermoplastic glass mat composites

Glass mat thermoplastic composites (GMTs) were prepared from poly(ether imide/poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEI/PEN) and PEI/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends using compression molding. The thermal stability, surface hardness, rheological, mechanical, and gas barrier properties and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) for various composites were analyzed. Differential scanning calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis showed that PEI blends with 30% PEN or PET retained 80% of the thermal stability of virgin PEI. PEI melt viscosity significantly decreased with addition of PEN and PET, which greatly improved impregnation during GMT manufacture. The tensile strength and CTE of GMTs containing up to 30% PEN or PET remained similar to that of PEI/GM, while the flexural modulus increased and the gas barrier properties improved two fold. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that interfacial adhesion improved for surface-modified GMs. We demonstrated that inexpensive GMTs could be prepared while retaining the superior properties of PEI.
Usefulness of electrosurgical techniques in thyroid gland surgery.

UNLABELLED Wide propagation of new generation of electrosurgical devices such as bipolar vessel sealing systems (eg. Thermostapler® by EMED) enabled seamless closing of blood vessels with a diameter up to 7 mm while maintaining the necessary safety margin, as well as reducing the duration of the operation. We decided to verify these reports in our material. AIM OF THE STUDY was comparison of thyroid surgery performed with the electrocautery tool - Thermostapler ® by EMED with surgery using classic hemostasis technique to evaluate the operative time and complications in the form of bleeding, recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, symptoms of hypoparathyroidism, and wound infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 256 patients operated in the Department of General and Proctological Surgery Solec Hospital in Warsaw due to inert thyroid goitre. All patients underwent total thyroidectomy. Patients were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 126 patients operated in 2000, using classic techniques of hemostasis. While the second group consisted of 130 patients operated in 2007-2008 with Thermostapler®. We compared duration of surgery and the incidence of postoperative complications. RESULTS The operative time was significantly shorter (average 18 minutes) in the second group of patients. We also recorded a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of complications in the group operated with Thermostapler. CONCLUSIONS Use of bipolar vessel sealing system in a decisive manner shortens the duration of operation. Use of bipolar vessel sealing system also enables a radical reduction in the incidence of complications rate such as bleeding, recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, symptoms of hypoparathyroidism, and wound infection. In the future, similar studies should be performed to assess the real costs resulting from the use Thermostapler®.
Video sequence alignment

The task of aligning multiple audio visual sequences with similar contents needs careful synchronisation in both spatial and temporal domains. It is a challenging task due to a broad range of contents variations, background clutter, occlusions, and other factors. This thesis is concerned with aligning video contents by characterising the spatial and temporal information embedded in the high-dimensional space. To that end a three- stage framework is developed, involving space-time representation of video clips with local linear coding, followed by their alignment in the manifold embedded space. The first two stages present a video representation techniques based on local feature extraction and linear coding methods. Firstly, the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) is extended to extract interest points not only from the spatial plane but also from the planes along the space-time axis. Locality constrained coding is then incorporated to project each descriptor into a local coordinate system produced by a pooling technique. Human action classification benchmarks are adopted to evaluate these two stages, comparing their performance against existing techniques. The results shows that space-time extension of SIFT with a linear coding scheme outperforms most of the state-of-the-art approaches on the action classification task owing to its ability to represent complex events in video sequences. The final stage presents a manifold learning algorithm with spatio-temporal constraints to embed a video clip in a lower dimensional space while preserving the intrinsic geometry of the data. The similarities observed between frame sequences are captured by defining two types of correlation graphs: an intra-correlation graph within a single video sequence and an inter-correlation graph between two sequences. A video retrieval and ranking tasks are designed to evaluate the manifold learning stage. The experimental outcome shows that the approach outperforms the conventional techniques in defining similar video contents and capture the spatio-temporal correlations between them.
Hydrocarbon Patterns and Mating Behaviour in Populations of Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila yakuba is widespread in Africa. Here we compare the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles and mating behavior of mainland (Kounden, Cameroon) and island (Mayotte, Sao-Tome, Bioko) populations. The strains each had different CHC profiles: Bioko and Kounden were the most similar, while Mayotte and Sao-Tome contained significant amounts of 7-heptacosene. The CHC profile of the Sao-Tome population differed the most, with half the 7-tricosene of the other populations and more 7-heptacosene and 7-nonacosene. We also studied the characteristics of the mating behavior of the four strains: copulation duration was similar but latency times were higher in Mayotte and Sao-Tome populations. We found partial reproductive isolation between populations, especially in male-choice experiments with Sao-Tome females.
The effect of hatch angle rotation on parts manufactured using selective laser melting

Purpose This paper aims to present an investigation into the variation of scan vector hatch rotation strategies in selective laser melting (SLM), focussing on how it effects density, surface roughness, tensile strength and residual stress. Design/methodology/approach First the optimum angle of hatch vector rotation is proposed by analysing the effect of different increment angles on distribution of scan vectors. Sectioning methods are then used to determine the effect that the chosen strategies have on the density of the parts. The top surface roughness was analysed using optical metrology, and the tensile properties were determined using uni-axial tensile testing. Finally, a novel multi-support deflection geometry was used to quantify the effects of rotation angles on residual stress. Findings The results of this research showed that the hatch rotation angle had little effect on the density, top surface roughness and strength of the parts. The greatest residual stress deflection was measured parallel to unidirectional scan vectors. The use of hatch rotations other than alternating 90° showed little benefit in lowering the magnitude of residual stresses. However, the use of rotation angles with a good suitability measure distributes stresses in all directions more evenly for certain part geometries. Research limitations/implications All samples produced in this work were made from commercially pure titanium, therefore care must be taken when applying these results to other materials. Originality/value This paper serves to increase the understanding of SLM scanning strategies and their effect on the properties of the material.
Cover cropping to reduce nitrate loss through subsurface drainage in the northern U.S. corn belt.

Despite the use of best management practices for nitrogen (N) application rate and timing, significant losses of nitrate nitrogen (NO3(-)-N) in drainage discharge continue to occur from row crop cropping systems. Our objective was to determine whether a autumn-seeded winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop following corn (Zea mays L.) would reduce NO3(-)-N losses through subsurface tile drainage in a corn-soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr. ] cropping system in the northern Corn Belt (USA) in a moderately well-drained soil. Both phases of the corn-soybean rotation, with and without the winter rye cover crop following corn, were established in 1998 in a Normania clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Haplustoll) soil at Lamberton, MN. Cover cropping did not affect subsequent soybean yield, but reduced drainage discharge, flow-weighted mean nitrate concentration (FWMNC), and NO3(-)-N loss relative to winter fallow, although the magnitude of the effect varied considerably with annual precipitation. Three-year average drainage discharge was lower with a winter rye cover crop than without (p = 0.06). Over three years, subsurface tile-drainage discharge was reduced 11% and NO3(-)-N loss was reduced 13% for a corn-soybean cropping system with a rye cover crop following corn than with no rye cover crop. We estimate that establishment of a winter rye cover crop after corn will be successful in one of four years in southwestern Minnesota. Cover cropping with rye has the potential to be an effective management tool for reducing NO3(-)-N loss from subsurface drainage discharge despite challenges to establishment and spring growth in the north-central USA.
Comparative analyses of studies of childhood leukemia and magnetic fields, radon and gamma radiation

In this paper we compare the findings of epidemiologic studies of childhood leukemia that examined at least two of ELF magnetic fields and/or distance to power lines, and exposure to radon and gamma radiation or distance to nuclear plants. Many of the methodologic aspects are common to studies of non-ionising (i.e. ELF-MF) and ionising radiation. A systematic search and review of studies with more than one exposure under study identified 33 key and 35 supplementary papers from ten countries that have been included in this review. Examining studies that have looked at several radiation exposures, and comparing similarities and differences for the different types of radiation, through the use of directed acyclic graphs, we evaluate to what extent bias, confounding and other methodological issues might be operating in these studies. We found some indication of bias, although results are not clear cut. There is little evidence that confounding has had a substantial influence on results. Influence of the residential mobility on the study conduct and interpretation is complex and can manifest as a selection bias, confounding, increased measurement error or could also be a potential risk factor. Other factors associated with distance to power lines and to nuclear power plants should be investigated. A more complete and consistent reporting of results in the future studies will allow for a more informative comparison across studies and integration of results.
PipeRench: A Reconfigurable Architecture and Compiler

With the proliferation of highly specialized embedded computer systems has come a diversification of workloads for computing devices. General-purpose processors are struggling to efficiently meet these applications' disparate needs, and custom hardware is rarely feasible. According to the authors, reconfigurable computing, which combines the flexibility of general-purpose processors with the efficiency of custom hardware, can provide the alternative. PipeRench and its associated compiler comprise the authors' new architecture for reconfigurable computing. Combined with a traditional digital signal processor, microcontroller or general-purpose processor, PipeRench can support a system's various computing needs without requiring custom hardware. The authors describe the PipeRench architecture and how it solves some of the pre-existing problems with FPGA architectures, such as logic granularity, configuration time, forward compatibility, hard constraints and compilation time.
Ang-(1–7) Offers Cytoprotection Against Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury by Restoring Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis

Abstract: Accumulating evidence indicates that angiotensin-(1–7) [Ang-(1–7)] offers protective effects against ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) induced arrhythmias and contractile dysfunction, which are related to disturbances of intracellular calcium homeostasis. However, whether or not Ang-(1–7) regulates intracellular calcium in I/R is not clear. To shed light on this issue, we carried out studies with a cellular model of simulated I/R in isolated rat ventricular myocytes and measured calcium transients using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Our results showed that Ang-(1–7) had no effects on the calcium transient in myocytes superfused with normal solution; however, in myocytes of simulated I/R, Ang-(1–7) significantly attenuated the increased diastolic intracellular Ca2+ during reperfusion, restored the decreased peak Ca2+ of calcium transient during ischemia, and reversed the decreased amplitude of calcium transient throughout the I/R periods. Additionally, Ang-(1–7) significantly suppressed the reactive oxygen species production in I/R, especially during the ischemic phase. These data indicated that Ang-(1–7) affords significant cytoprotective effects through directly improving calcium homeostasis independent of its anti-oxidative action. Most notably, the effects of Ang-(1–7) on intracellular Ca2+ dynamics manifests only in the diseased states, that is, I/R. This unique property suggests that upregulation of Ang-(1–7) expression and/or activation of the Ang-(1–7)/Mas signaling cascade is a highly desirable strategy for the treatment of myocardial impairment induced by I/R.