Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Handbook of mental health in the workplace

Preface Part I: GENERAL ISSUES 1. Mental Health in the Workplace: Toward an Integration of Organizational & Clinical Theory, Research, & Practice - Jay C. Thomas Jeffrey Hite 2. Mental Health & Disabilities, the Employer, & the Law - H. John Bernardin & Barbara A. Lee Part II: WORKING CONDITIONS, LIFE STRESSORS, & MENTAL HEALTH 3. Models of Job Stress - Valerie J. Sutherland & Cary L. Cooper 4. Effects of Job Stress on Mental & Physical Health - Carlla S. Smith, Lorne M. Sulsky, & Krista L. Uggeslav 5. The Unbalanced Life: Work & Family Conflict - Leslie B. Hammer, Cari L. Colton, Suzanne Caubet, & Krista J. Brockwood 6. Organizationally Targeted Interventions Aimed at Reducing Workplace Stress - Terry A. Beehr & Michael P. O'Driscoll PART III: EFFECTS OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY ON WORK 7. Major Depression - Paula Truax & Tracy McDonald 8. Bi-Polar Disorder - Edward S. Friedman Andrea Fagiolini Michael E. Thase 9. Generalized Anxiety Disorder - Erin L. Scott, David M. Fresco, & Richard G. Heimberg 10. Social Anxiety Disorder, Specific Phobias, & Panic Disorder - Scott F. Coffey, Brian P. Marx, & Deborah A. Roth 11. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Walter Penk, Charles Drebing, & Russell Schutt 12. Schizophrenia - Kim T. Mueser & Deborah R. Becker 13. Anti-Social Personality Disorder - Brian P. O'Connor & Kristin N. Barr 14. Borderline Personality Disorder - Brian C. Goff 15. Eating Disorders - David H. Gleaves & Antonio Cepeda-Benito 16. Traumatic Brain Injury - Charles J. Golden 17. Insomnia - Christina S. McCrae, Heith Durrence, & Kenneth L. Lichstein PART IV: EFFECTS OF DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR AT WORK 18. Alcohol & Drug Problem Management in the Workplace - Paul M. Roman & Suzanne C. Baker 19. Social Dysfunction in the Workplace - Lindsay Ham, Melanie Van Dyke, & Debra A. Hope 20. Anger, Hostility, & Violence in the Workplace - Robert Hogan & John L. McNulty 21. Harassment & Discrimination in the Workplace - Tahira M. Probst & Donna A. Johns 22. Absenteeism - Gary Johns 23. Passive-Aggressive Behavior in the Workplace - John F. Binning & Edward E. Wagner PART V: ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICE & MENTAL HEALTH 24. Dysfunctional Behavior in the Workplace & Organizational Design, Climate, & Culture - Daniel J. Svyantek & Linda L. Brown 25. An Application Model Relating the Essential Functions of a Job to Mental Disabilities - Steven Cronshaw & Brenda L. Kenyon 26. Job Accommodations for Mental Health Disabilities - Lois Tetrick & Leah P. Toney Author Index Subject Index
‘Know Your Epidemic’: the Effects of Expected Health and Contextual Health Uncertainty on Risky Sex

This study measures the link between expected health and contextual health uncertainty on sexual behaviours associated with the risk of HIV infection. We extend similar studies on the subject by focusing on contextual factors as a way of explaining individual sexual behaviour in low and high HIV infection areas across sub-Saharan Africa. Overall, we find expected health and contextual health uncertainty to have significant effects on sexual risk taking. These results point to the fact that context is equally important than the widely held view that individual level characteristics (e.g. lack of HIV/AIDS knowledge) contributes to risky sexual practices. These findings give support to UNAIDS ‘know your local epidemic’, as health and uncertainty appear to be background factors shaping sexual behaviours associated with the risk of HIV infection. Thus it becomes paramount to look at the context within which sexual behaviours can be altered.
Behavioral motor recovery in the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐lesioned squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus): Changes in striatal dopamine and expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter proteins

The neurotoxicant 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) provides an excellent opportunity to study repair and response to injury in the basal ganglia. Administration to mammals leads to the destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and depletion of striatal dopamine. In the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus), MPTP‐lesioning results in parkinsonian motor symptoms including bradykinesia, postural instability, and rigidity. Over time animals display motor behavioral recovery. To better understand this mechanism we employed a lesioning regimen of two or six subcutaneous injections of MPTP (2.0 mg/kg, free‐base) to generate mild or moderate parkinsonism. Brain tissue was harvested at 6 weeks or 9 months after the last injection and analyzed for dopamine and its metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and by immunohistochemical staining and Western immunoblotting for the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT), and dopamine‐ and cAMP‐responsive protein phosphatase of 32 kDa (DARPP‐32), an effector molecule enriched in striatal medium spiny neurons. Several months after MPTP‐lesioning, when squirrel monkeys displayed full motor behavioral recovery, striatal dopamine levels remained low with a greater return in the ventral striatum. This finding is consistent with other reports using neurotoxicant‐lesioning models of the basal ganglia in rodents and other species of nonhuman primates. Elevated dopamine turnover ratio and decreased DAT expression appeared in early behavioral recovery at the 6‐week time point in both mild‐ and moderate‐parkinsonian monkeys. Tyrosine hydroxylase and DAT expression was increased in late stage recovery even within dopamine‐depleted regions and supports sprouting. Altered DARPP‐32 expression suggests a role of medium spiny neurons in recovery. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RAPID COMMUNICATIONS: Mutations in the Preproghrelin/Ghrelin Gene Associated with Obesity in Humans

Ghrelin and preproghrelin sequences were determined in 96 unrelated female subjects with severe obesity (mean body mass index (BMI) 42.3 ± 3.4 kg/m2) and in 96 non-obese female controls (mean BMI 23.0 ± 1.4 (kg/m2) of the Swedish Obese Subjects cohort. A mutation at amino acid position 51 (Arg51Gln) of the preproghrelin sequence that corresponds to the last amino acid in mature ghrelin product was identified in six (all heterozygotes) obese subjects (6.3%) but not among controls (p < 0.05). The self-reported weight at 20, 30, and 40 years of age tended to be 7.5, 4.7 and 6.4 kg lower, respectively, among obese Gln allele carriers versus obese non-carriers. In addition, a mutation at codon 72 of the preproghrelin gene (Leu72Met) was detected in 15 obese (12 hetero- and 3 homozygotes) and 12 control (all heterozygotes) subjects. This mutation outside the coding region of the mature ghrelin product tended to be associated with lower age of self-reported onset of obesity (15.6 ± 7.9 vs. 20.5 ± 10.5 years; p =.
The oxidative stress response of the filamentous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum R57 to copper, cadmium and chromium exposure

Despite the intensive research in the past decade on the microbial bioaccumulation of heavy metals, the significance of redox state for oxidative stress induction is not completely clarified. In the present study, we examined the effect of redox-active (copper and chromium) and redox-inactive (cadmium) metals on the changes in levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme defence in Trichosporon cutaneum R57 cells. This filamentous yeast strain showed significant tolerance and bioaccumulation capability of heavy metals. Our findings indicated that the treatment by both redox-active and redox-inactive heavy metal induced oxidative stress events. Enhanced concentrations of Cu2+, Cr6+ and Cd2+ caused acceleration in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increase in the level of oxidatively damaged proteins and accumulation of reserve carbohydrates (glycogen and trehalose). Cell response against heavy metal exposure also includes elevation in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, which are key enzymes for directly scavenging of ROS. Despite the mentioned changes in the stress biomarkers, T. cutaneum did not show a significant growth diminution. Probably, activated antioxidant defence contributes to the yeast survival under conditions of heavy metal stress.
tRNA properties help shape codon pair preferences in open reading frames

Translation elongation is an accurate and rapid process, dependent upon efficient juxtaposition of tRNAs in the ribosomal A- and P-sites. Here, we sought evidence of A- and P-site tRNA interaction by examining bias in codon pair choice within open reading frames from a range of genomes. Three distinct and marked effects were revealed once codon and dipeptide biases had been subtracted. First, in the majority of genomes, codon pair preference is primarily determined by a tetranucleotide combination of the third nucleotide of the P-site codon, and all 3 nt of the A-site codon. Second, pairs of rare codons are generally under-used in eukaryotes, but over-used in prokaryotes. Third, the analysis revealed a highly significant effect of tRNA-mediated selection on codon pairing in unicellular eukaryotes, Bacillus subtilis, and the gamma proteobacteria. This was evident because in these organisms, synonymous codons decoded in the A-site by the same tRNA exhibit significantly similar P-site pairing preferences. Codon pair preference is thus influenced by the identity of A-site tRNAs, in combination with the P-site codon third nucleotide. Multivariate analysis identified conserved nucleotide positions within A-site tRNA sequences that modulate codon pair preferences. Structural features that regulate tRNA geometry within the ribosome may govern genomic codon pair patterns, driving enhanced translational fidelity and/or rate.
A phase II trial of a combination of pemetrexed and gemcitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer: an NCCTG study.

PURPOSE This phase II study was undertaken to define the efficacy and toxicity of pemetrexed in combination with gemcitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with measurable metastatic breast cancer who had previously received an anthracycline and a taxane in either the adjuvant or metastatic setting were treated with gemcitabine 1250 mg/m2 (intravenous; days 1 and 8) and pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 (intravenous; day 8) every 21 days. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients received a median of five cycles (range one to 22) of treatment and were followed until death or for a median of 28 months (range 19.4-36.6) among living patients. Fourteen partial responses for an overall response rate of 24% [95% confidence interval (CI) 16% to 39%] were documented. Nine (15%; CI 5% to 32%) patients had stable disease for >6 months. The median survival time was 10.3 months (95% CI 8.3-18.9) and the 1 year survival rate was 49% (95% CI 38% to 64%). The median time to progression was estimated to be 3.7 months (95% CI 2.3-5.3). The most common grade 3 or 4 toxicities were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in 83% and 27% of patients, respectively. Fourteen percent of patients experienced febrile neutropenia. Other common grade 3 or 4 non-hematological toxicities included fatigue (17%), dyspnea (15%), rash (7%) and anorexia (5%). CONCLUSIONS The combination of pemetrexed and gemcitabine is clinically active, with an overall response rate of 24% in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have previously been treated with an anthracycline and a taxane. Myelosuppression (66% grade 4 neutropenia and 14% febrile neutropenia) was the major treatment-related toxicity observed for this combination.
Using uplifted Holocene beach berms for paleoseismic analysis on the Santa María Island, south‐central Chile

Major earthquakes (M > 8) have repeatedly ruptured the Nazca‐South America plate interface of south‐central Chile involving meter scale land‐level changes. Earthquake recurrence intervals, however, extending beyond limited historical records are virtually unknown, but would provide crucial data on the tectonic behavior of forearcs. We analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of Holocene earthquakes on Santa María Island (SMI; 37°S), located 20 km off the Chilean coast and approximately 70 km east of the trench. SMI hosts a minimum of 21 uplifted beach berms, of which a subset were dated to calculate a mean uplift rate of 2.3 ± 0.2 m/ky and a tilting rate of 0.022 ± 0.002 °/ky. The inferred recurrence interval of strandline‐forming earthquakes is ∼180 years. Combining coseismic uplift and aseismic subsidence during an earthquake cycle, the net gain in strandline elevation in this environment is ∼0.4 m per event.
Parameter Learning of Logic Programs for Symbolic-Statistical Modeling

We propose a logical/mathematical framework for statistical parameter learning of parameterized logic programs, i.e. definite clause programs containing probabilistic facts with a parameterized distribution. It extends the traditional least Herbrand model semantics in logic programming to distribution semantics, possible world semantics with a probability distribution which is unconditionally applicable to arbitrary logic programs including ones for HMMs, PCFGs and Bayesian networks. We also propose a new EM algorithm, the graphical EM algorithm, that runs for a class of parameterized logic programs representing sequential decision processes where each decision is exclusive and independent. It runs on a new data structure called support graphs describing the logical relationship between observations and their explanations, and learns parameters by computing inside and outside probability generalized for logic programs. The complexity analysis shows that when combined with OLDT search for all explanations for observations, the graphical EM algorithm, despite its generality, has the same time complexity as existing EM algorithms, i.e. the Baum-Welch algorithm for HMMs, the Inside-Outside algorithm for PCFGs, and the one for singly connected Bayesian networks that have been developed independently in each research field. Learning experiments with PCFGs using two corpora of moderate size indicate that the graphical EM algorithm can significantly outperform the Inside-Outside algorithm.
Research strategies in developmental psychopathology: Dimensional identity and the person-oriented approach

This article deals with alternative research strategies for developmental psychopathology. It argues that most applications of statistical methods in empirical research are variable centered, not person oriented. As a result, conclusions are often drawn that fail to do justice to the diverse nature of populations. It is recommended that we take seriously the importance of the implications of data aggregation. The difficulties of making inferences from a more aggregated level of analysis to a less aggregated level are explained and exemplified. We explain that a set of variables displays dimensional identity if the variable relationships remain unchanged across the levels or categories of other variables. Data examples of intelligence divergence and of Child Behavior Checklist subpopulation differences show that lack of dimensional identity can lead to incorrect conclusions. Schmitz' theorems on aggregation and the validity of results at the aggregate level for individuals are illustrated using data from a study on the development of alcoholism and discussed from a person-oriented perspective. Statistical methods suitable for person-oriented data analysis are reviewed.
Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programında Yer Alan Kültürel Mirasa Duyarlılık Değerine İlişkin Öğrenci Algılarının İncelenmesi

Bu arastirmada, Sosyal Bilgiler 6 ve 7. sinif ogretim programinda yer alan kulturel mirasa duyarlilik degerinin sekizinci sinif ogrencileri tarafindan nasil algilandiginin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Bu amac dogrultusunda; ogrencilerin ilgili degere iliskin gelistirdikleri metaforlar, cizdikleri resim/karikaturler ve o degere iliskin ogrencilerle yapilan yari yapilandirilmis gorusmeler incelenmistir. Nitel arastirma deseninde tarama modelinde gerceklestirilmis olan arastirmada, ucgenleme seklinde veri toplamaya uygun olarak nitelendirilen nitel arastirma teknikleri (mecazlar yoluyla veri toplama, yari yapilandirilmis gorusme ve dokuman analizi) birlikte kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin calisma gurubu; Turkiye Istatistik Kurumu’nun (2012) sosyo-ekonomik duzey (SED) verileri goz onunde bulundurularak, 2011-2012 egitim-ogretim yili bahar doneminde Ankara ili merkez ilcelerden ust, orta ve alt SED’e sahip yerlesim yerlerinde maksimum cesitlilik ornekleme yontemiyle secilmis olan dokuz ilkogretim okulunda calismaya katilim gosteren 602 (317 kiz-285 erkek) sekizinci sinif ogrencisinden olusmaktadir. Katilimcilardan elde edilen verilerin cozumlenmesinde ve yorumlanmasinda icerik analizi kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda; SED farki gozetilmeksizin katilimcilarin buyuk bir cogunlugunun kulturel mirasa duyarliligi; “koruyan-kollayan” ve “dis etkenlere karsi korudugu ve insani aydinlattigi” seklinde algiladiklari ve kulturel mirasa duyarligin “gosterilen oneme ve duyarli olmaya bagli olduguna” yonelik algilara sahip olduklari gorulmektedir. The purpose of this study was to determine how 8th grade students perceive values such as being sensitivity to cultural heritage which were involved in social sciences teaching program for 6 and 7th graders. Therefore, metaphors and pictures/cartoons that students formed and drew for each of the values and interviews conducted with students about the related value were examined. This qualitative study designed in survey model used data research techniques such as collecting data via metaphors, semi-structured interview, and document analysis under triangulation method. Considering the data supplied by Turkish Statistical Institute (TES) about Socio-Economic Status (SES), a total of 602 (317 female - 285 male) 8th graders chosen by maximum variation sampling method from 9 primary schools located in low, middle, and high socio-economical areas of central districts of Ankara participated in the study. Content analysis was conducted to analyze and interpret the data of the study. Results demonstrated that; Without regarding the difference of SES, nearly all of the participants stated that they perceived sensitivity to cultural heritage as "something protecting" and "something protecting against external factors and illuminating people". They also perceived that cultural heritage "depends on the importance that people give and their sensitivity".
The train/embankment thought experiment, Einstein's second postulate of special relativity and relativity of simultaneity

The relativistic time dilatation effect and Einstein's second postulate of special relativity are used to analyse train/embankment thought expriments, both Einstein's original one, and an extension where observers on two trains moving at different speeds, as well as on the embankment, are considered. Whereas the relativistic analysis of Einstein's experiment shows, in contradiction to Einstein's interpretation, no `relativity of simultaneity' effect, the latter is apparent for certain events in the two-train experiment. The importance of relativistic kinematics --embodied for photons in Einstein's second postulate-- for the correct interpretation of the experiments is pointed out and demonstrated by detailed calculation of a related example.
Antibodies induced with recombinant VP1 from human rhinovirus exhibit cross-neutralisation

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the major cause of the common cold and account for 30–50% of all acute respiratory illnesses. Although HRV infections are usually harmless and invade only the upper respiratory tract, several studies demonstrate that HRV is involved in the exacerbation of asthma. VP1 is one of the surface-exposed proteins of the viral capsid that is important for the binding of rhinoviruses to the corresponding receptors on human cells. Here we investigated its potential usefulness for vaccination against the common cold. We expressed VP1 proteins from two distantly related HRV strains, HRV89 and HRV14, in Escherichia coli. Mice and rabbits were immunised with the purified recombinant proteins. The induced antibodies reacted with natural VP1 and with whole virus particles as shown by immunoblotting and immunogold electron microscopy. They exhibited strong cross-neutralising activity for different HRV strains. Therefore, recombinant VP1 may be considered a candidate HRV vaccine to prevent HRV-induced asthma exacerbations.
Dissociating the Role of Prefrontal and Premotor Cortices in Controlling Inhibitory Mechanisms during Motor Preparation

Top-down control processes are critical to select goal-directed actions in flexible environments. In humans, these processes include two inhibitory mechanisms that operate during response selection: one is involved in solving a competition between different response options, the other ensures that a selected response is initiated in a timely manner. Here, we evaluated the role of dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and lateral prefrontal cortex (LPF) of healthy subjects in these two forms of inhibition by using an innovative transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol combining repetitive TMS (rTMS) over PMd or LPF and a single pulse TMS (sTMS) over primary motor cortex (M1). sTMS over M1 allowed us to assess inhibitory changes in corticospinal excitability, while rTMS was used to produce transient disruption of PMd or LPF. We found that rTMS over LPF reduces inhibition associated with competition resolution, whereas rTMS over PMd decreases inhibition associated with response impulse control. These results emphasize the dissociable contributions of these two frontal regions to inhibitory control during motor preparation. The association of LPF with competition resolution is consistent with the role of this area in relatively abstract aspects of control related to goal maintenance, ensuring that the appropriate response is selected in a variable context. In contrast, the association of PMd with impulse control is consistent with the role of this area in more specific processes related to motor preparation and initiation.
Memory, Attention, and Decision-Making: A unifying computational neuroscience approach

1. Introduction 2. The hippocampus and memory 3. Reward- and punishment-related learning emotion and motivation 4. Invariant visual object recognition learning 5. Short-term memory 6. Attention, short-term memory, and biased competition 7. Probabilistic decision-making 8. Action selection by biased attractor competition in the pre-frontal cortex 9. Reward, decision and action reversal using attractor dynamics 10. Decision-making Appendix A Introduction to linear algebra for neural networks Appendix B Neural network models Appendix C Information theory, and neuronal encoding
Mining brain region connectivity for alzheimer's disease study via sparse inverse covariance estimation

Effective diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia in elderly patients, is of primary importance in biomedical research. Recent studies have demonstrated that AD is closely related to the structure change of the brain network, i.e., the connectivity among different brain regions. The connectivity patterns will provide useful imaging-based biomarkers to distinguish Normal Controls (NC), patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and patients with AD. In this paper, we investigate the sparse inverse covariance estimation technique for identifying the connectivity among different brain regions. In particular, a novel algorithm based on the block coordinate descent approach is proposed for the direct estimation of the inverse covariance matrix. One appealing feature of the proposed algorithm is that it allows the user feedback (e.g., prior domain knowledge) to be incorporated into the estimation process, while the connectivity patterns can be discovered automatically. We apply the proposed algorithm to a collection of FDG-PET images from 232 NC, MCI, and AD subjects. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is promising in revealing the brain region connectivity differences among these groups.