Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the colorectal carcinoma-associated antigen defined by monoclonal antibody D612.

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) D612 recognizes an antigen expressed on the cell surface of normal and malignant gastrointestinal epithelium. It is a murine IgG2a/kappa which has been previously shown to mediate killing of human colon carcinoma cells using human effector cells (which could be enhanced in the presence of interleukin-2). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analyses of MAb D612 immunoprecipitates of extracts of L-[35S]methionine-, L-[3H]leucine-, and D-[3H]glucosamine-labeled human colon carcinoma cells showed that the D612 antigen is a Mr 48,000 glycoprotein. Similar estimates of molecular mass were obtained from SDS-PAGE analyses of MAb D612 immuno-precipitates of radioiodinated extracts of surgically resected colon carcinoma and adjacent normal colonic mucosa. D612 antigen was not detectable in immunoprecipitates of supernatant media from radiolabeled cell cultures, suggesting that the antigen is not readily shed from the surface of cultured cells. The D612 antigen was shown to be clearly distinct from previously described gastrointestinal carcinoma-associated glycoproteins: the D612 antigen shows a migration pattern of SDS-PAGE distinct from those of the antigens recognized by MAbs KS1/4 and GA733, and reciprocal immunodepletion analyses of D-[3H]glucosamine-labeled colon carcinoma cells utilizing MAbs D612 and GA733 revealed no cross-reactivity between these antibodies. Similarly, competitive binding studies between MAbs 17-1A and KS1/4 and MAb D612 revealed no similarity between the epitopes recognized by MAb D612 and MAbs 17-1A and KS1/4. MAbs D612 and 17-1A were also titered in immunoperoxidase staining assays on serial frozen sections of normal and malignant colon. MAb D612 showed a higher titer of immunostaining reactivity with both normal and malignant colon than did MAb 17-1A. MAb D612 showed roughly equivalent immunostaining titers against normal and malignant colon; whereas MAb 17-1A showed higher titer of immunostaining reactivity against the normal colon tissue than against the malignant colon. Flow cytometric analysis of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-treated colon carcinoma cells revealed no loss of D612 antigen from the cell surface, suggesting that the mechanisms of attachment of the D612 antigen to the cell surface does not involve linkage to a phosphatidylinositol glycan. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Relationship between gingivitis severity, caries experience and orthodontic anomalies in 13-15 year-old adolescents in Brno, Czech Republic.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to assess oral health in adolescents selected from the ELSPAC (European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood) Bmo group and complete thus the ELSPAC series of studies on child general health. MATERIAL AND METHODS Randomly selected children from the ELSPAC group (n=780) were examined clinically for dental and periodontal status, dental plaque, dental calculus and orthodontic anomalies. The following clinical parameters were assessed: DMFT score and its components, gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and calculus index (CSI). GI, PI and CSI were recorded on selected teeth. The presence/absence of orthodontic anomalies and their severity were recorded. ANOVA test for quantitative and XZ2 test for qualitative parameters evaluation were used. RESULTS Mean DMFT of the group was 2.82 (SE 0.36), share of caries-free children 25.4%. Mean GI index of the cohort was 0.204 (SE 0.011), grade 0 was found in 36.9% children, grade 1 in 43.0%, and grade 2 in 19.5%. Statistical significant associations (p < 0.05) were observed in GI and DMFT, GI and DT value, GI and severity of orthodontic anomaly; significant difference was found in GI of caries-free and treated children vs. treatment need and in PI value between children with gingivitis vs healthy ones. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated a relatively high caries experience, low level of gingival inflammation and relation between GI and DMFT, particularly in D component, and between GI and orthodontic anomalies.
“You can only take so much, and it took everything out of me”: Coping strategies used by parents of children with cancer

Abstract Objective: This study qualitatively assesses the coping strategies of parents who care for a child with cancer. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 French and English families who had had a child diagnosed with cancer in the last ten years in two Eastern Canadian provinces. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded with a focus on parental coping strategies. Results: Using coping behaviors as described and categorized in the Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response (FAAR) model as a foundation, we found that families used a variety of appraisal-, emotion-, and problem-focused coping. Appraisal-focused coping strategies involved trying to stay “positive” and “making positive comparisons. ” Problem-focused coping involved behaviors such as being an advocate for the child and seeking information. The majority of parents, however, described using emotion-focused coping behaviors such as trying to avoid “feeling too much” by hiding difficult emotions and “escaping” from problems. Others used more positive emotion-focused coping behaviors such as humor, seeking support (informal or formal), or writing diaries. A small group of parents used ineffective coping strategies (alcohol abuse, misdirected anger) that added to family stress. These ineffective strategies have led to a modification of the FAAR model indicating that not all coping behaviors are beneficial to family adjustment in crisis. Overall, many parents felt that their coping strategies were effective; however, a few described having a complete “coping breakdown”. Significance of results: Parents used a range of coping strategies of which emotion-focused coping was the most prominent. We have enhanced the FAAR model by including additional coping behaviors as well as a description of how some coping behaviors add to the daily stressors for parents dealing with a child's illness. Professional health care providers need to understand the variability of the coping behaviors in order to appropriately assist parents to avoid coping breakdowns.
Are adrenaline autoinjectors fit for purpose? A pilot study of the mechanical and injection performance characteristics of a cartridge-versus a syringe-based autoinjector

Background: Adrenaline autoinjectors (AAIs) are prescribed to facilitate the intramuscular administration of adrenaline in patients diagnosed with life-threatening anaphylaxis. This pilot study investigated the injection and functional properties of two AAIs (deploying different delivery systems) under standard conditions, after dynamic and mechanical stresses, and in the presence of denim. Methods: The differences between a cartridge-based AAI (EpiPen® Junior) and a syringe-based AAI (Anapen® Junior) were assessed using three sets of tests. Test 1: under standard conditions, the injection depth and dose were measured in ballistic gelatine (a validated tissue simulant). Test 2: before the safety cap removal and activation forces were measured, AAIs were subjected to either of two preconditioning tests: 1) free-fall drop test; or 2) static load (ie, 400 N, equivalent to 40 kg weight) test; or 3) no preconditioning. Test 3: under standard conditions, injection properties into ballistic gelatine in the presence and absence of denim were investigated. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student’s t-test or Welch’s test. Results: The maximum depth of delivery was significantly greater with cartridge AAI (n = 4, mean 21.09 ± 2.54 mm) than with syringe AAI (n = 5; mean 11.64 ± 0.80 mm; P = 0.003). After 2.5 seconds, cartridge AAI (n = 4) discharged significantly more dose than syringe AAI (n = 3; 74.3% versus 25.7% of total dose; P = 0.001). Both cartridge and syringe AAI withstood the free-fall drop test, but almost all devices failed to activate following the static load test. Under standard conditions, significantly less force was required to remove the safety cap of cartridge AAI than syringe AAI (both n = 15; mean 9.56 ± 2.36 N versus 20.23 ± 6.61 N, respectively; P < 0.001), but a significantly greater activation force was required for cartridge AAI than syringe AAI (mean 23.01 ± 3.96 N versus 8.06 ± 0.51 N, respectively; P < 0.001). The presence of denim did not alter the activation force or effective needle length of either of the AAIs. Conclusion: Cartridge AAI appears significantly more capable of consistently and rapidly delivering a clinically relevant dose of intramuscular adrenaline than syringe AAI. However, both devices showed shortcomings in their ability to sustain mechanical stress similar to that which is likely over their shelf life, and as such, may not be fit for life-saving purpose.
Gluconeogenesis in moderately and severely hyperglycemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

We tested the generally accepted concept that increased gluconeogenesis (GNG) and endogenous glucose production (EGP) are the main reasons for postabsorptive hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GNG was measured with the (2)H(2)O method by use of both the C5-to-C2 ratio (C5/C2, with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and the C5-to-(2)H(2)O ratio (C5/(2)H(2)O, with isotope ratio mass spectrometry), and EGP was measured with 3-[(3)H]glucose in 27 patients with T2DM [13 with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) >10 mM and 14 with FPG <10 mM] and in 7 weight- and age-matched nondiabetic controls. The results showed 1) that GNG could be determined accurately with (2)H(2)O by using either C5/C2 or C5/(2)H(2)O; 2) that whereas after an overnight fast of 16 h, GNG was higher in the entire group of patients with T2DM than in controls (6.4 vs. 5.0 micromol. kg(-1). min(-1) or 60.4 vs. 51.4% of EGP, P < 0.02), GNG was within normal limits (less than the mean +/- 2 SD of controls or <65.3%) in 11/14 (79%) patients with mild to moderate hyperglycemia (FPG <10 mM) and in 5/13 (38%) of patients with severe hyperglycemia (FPG 10-20 mM); 3) that elevated GNG in T2DM was associated with a 43% decrease in prehepatic insulin secretion, i.e., with hepatic insulin deficiency; and 4) that FPG correlated significantly with glucose clearance (insulin resistance) (r = 0.70) and with GNG (r = 0.50) or EGP (r = 0.45). We conclude 1) that peripheral insulin resistance is at least as important as GNG (and EGP) as a cause of postabsorptive hyperglycemia in T2DM and 2) that GNG and EGP in T2DM are increased under conditions of significant hepatic insulin deficiency and thus probably represent a late event in the course of T2DM.
Astrocyte‐expressed FABP7 regulates dendritic morphology and excitatory synaptic function of cortical neurons

Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) expressed by astrocytes in developing and mature brains is involved in uptake and transportation of fatty acids, signal transduction, and gene transcription. Fabp7 knockout (Fabp7 KO) mice show behavioral phenotypes reminiscent of human neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. However, direct evidence showing how FABP7 deficiency in astrocytes leads to altered brain function is lacking. Here, we examined neuronal dendritic morphology and synaptic plasticity in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of Fabp7 KO mice and in primary cortical neuronal cultures. Golgi staining of cortical pyramidal neurons in Fabp7 KO mice revealed aberrant dendritic morphology and decreased spine density compared with those in wild‐type (WT) mice. Aberrant dendritic morphology was also observed in primary cortical neurons co‐cultured with FABP7‐deficient astrocytes and neurons cultured in Fabp7 KO astrocyte‐conditioned medium. Excitatory synapse number was decreased in mPFC of Fabp7 KO mice and in neurons co‐cultured with Fabp7 KO astrocytes. Accordingly, whole‐cell voltage‐clamp recording in brain slices from pyramidal cells in the mPFC showed that both amplitude and frequency of action potential‐independent miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) were decreased in Fabp7 KO mice. Moreover, transplantation of WT astrocytes into the mPFC of Fabp7 KO mice partially attenuated behavioral impairments. Collectively, these results suggest that astrocytic FABP7 is important for dendritic arbor growth, neuronal excitatory synapse formation, and synaptic transmission, and provide new insights linking FABP7, lipid homeostasis, and neuropsychiatric disorders, leading to novel therapeutic interventions. GLIA 2016;64:48–62
Detecting code clones in binary executables

Large software projects contain significant code duplication, mainly due to copying and pasting code. Many techniques have been developed to identify duplicated code to enable applications such as refactoring, detecting bugs, and protecting intellectual property. Because source code is often unavailable, especially for third-party software, finding duplicated code in binaries becomes particularly important. However, existing techniques operate primarily on source code, and no effective tool exists for binaries. In this paper, we describe the first practical clone detection algorithm for binary executables. Our algorithm extends an existing tree similarity framework based on clustering of characteristic vectors of labeled trees with novel techniques to normalize assembly instructions and to accurately and compactly model their structural information. We have implemented our technique and evaluated it on Windows XP system binaries totaling over 50 million assembly instructions. Results show that it is both scalable and precise: it analyzed Windows XP system binaries in a few hours and produced few false positives. We believe our technique is a practical, enabling technology for many applications dealing with binary code.
Wisdom of Crowds cluster ensemble

The Wisdom of Crowds is a phenomenon described in social science that suggests four criteria applicable to groups of people. It is claimed that, if these criteria are satisfied, then the aggregate decisions made by a group will often be better than those of its individual members. Inspired by this concept, we present a novel feedback framework for the cluster ensemble problem, which we call Wisdom of Crowds Cluster Ensemble (WOCCE). Although many conventional cluster ensemble methods focusing on diversity have recently been proposed, WOCCE analyzes the conditions necessary for a crowd to exhibit this collective wisdom. These include decentralization criteria for generating primary results, independence criteria for the base algorithms, and diversity criteria for the ensemble members. We suggest appropriate procedures for evaluating these measures, and propose a new measure to assess the diversity. We evaluate the performance of WOCCE against some other traditional base algorithms as well as state-of-the-art ensemble methods. The results demonstrate the efficiency of WOCCE's aggregate decision-making compared to other algorithms.
Risk Factors for Stroke in People with End-Stage Kidney Disease: A Cohort Study

Background: It is unclear how traditional cardiovascular risk factors and different treatment modalities for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) affect stroke risk in people with ESKD. We aimed to identify the risk factors for stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) in people with ESKD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data linkage between the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, clinical and administrative datasets. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated the magnitudes of risk of hospitalization with different subtypes of strokes associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors and ESKD treatment modalities (hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and kidney transplantation). Results were expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs. Results: A total of 10,745 people received treatment for ESKD in New South Wales, Australia, between 2000 and 2010. We observed 640 hospitalizations for stroke in 49,497 person-years of follow-up (129.4 per 10,000 person years). Some risk factors were consistent with those found in the general population, including smoking and a history of previous stroke. Other risk factors were novel for people with ESKD. Women were 85% more likely to have an intracerebral hemorrhage (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.22-2.79) and 30% more likely to have an ischemic stroke (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.01-1.66) than men. Compared to people on HD, people with kidney transplants had a 65% lower risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18-0.69) but a similar risk of ischemic stroke (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.64-1.49). People on PD had a 36% higher risk of ischemic stroke (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.05-1.76) but a similar risk of intracerebral hemorrhage compared to people on HD (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.43-1.11). Conclusions: These findings could be used to establish reliable estimates of the risk of stroke in people with ESKD and identify those who are most likely to benefit from preventive treatments.
Excitation Mechanisms of the Teleconnection Patterns Affecting the July Precipitation in Northwest China

AbstractUsing observational rainfall data and atmospheric reanalysis data, the precipitation variations in Northwest China during July and the corresponding atmospheric teleconnection patterns are studied. The results indicate that the leading modes of July precipitation variations in Northwest China are affected by the Silk Road pattern and the Europe–China (EC) pattern. The analysis suggests that the circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) could be considered as the interannual component of the Silk Road pattern.To investigate the excitation mechanisms for the CGT pattern and EC pattern on interannual time scales, the singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis is performed between 200-hPa meridional wind velocity over the region of (30°–60°N, 30°–130°E) and tropical rainfall between (15°S and 30°N). The results suggest that the tropical heating anomalies most responsible for the CGT pattern are located over the North Indian Ocean, and the tropical heating anomalies most responsible for EC pattern are located.
Rereplication by Depletion of Geminin Is Seen Regardless of p53 Status and Activates a G2/M Checkpoint

ABSTRACT Genomic DNA replication is tightly controlled to ensure that DNA replication occurs once per cell cycle; loss of this control leads to genomic instability. Geminin, a DNA replication inhibitor, plays an important role in regulation of DNA replication. To investigate the role of human geminin in the maintenance of genomic stability, we eliminated geminin by RNA interference in human cancer cells. Depletion of geminin led to overreplication and the formation of giant nuclei in cells that had wild-type or mutant p53. We found that overreplication caused by depletion of geminin activated both Chk1 and Chk2, which then phosphorylated Cdc25C on Ser216, resulting in its sequestration outside the nucleus, thus inhibiting cyclin B-Cdc2 activity. This activated G2/M checkpoint prevented cells with overreplicated DNA from entering mitosis. Addition of caffeine, UCN-01, or inhibitors of checkpoint pathways or silencing of Chk1 suppressed the accumulation of overreplicated cells and promoted apoptosis. From these results, we conclude that geminin is required for suppressing overreplication in human cells and that a G2/M checkpoint restricts the proliferation of cells with overreplicated DNA.
Coordination of Mural Elements and Myofilaments During Arteriolar Constriction

Arterioles undergo major morphological changes during vasoconstriction. We used transmission electron microscopy to study wall morphology in both dilated and constricted microvessels to understand the cellular basis of these changes. The relation between the orientation and density of myofilaments and the distribution of dense bodies was analyzed with respect to the level of microvessel tone. The data show a strong correlation between the degree of arteriolar constriction and both the orientation and density of myofilaments. In dilated arterioles, myofilament orientation was predominantly circumferential across the entire smooth muscle cell, averaging 84 ± 2° (SEM) relative to a radial reference line. In vessels constricted to 50% of their maximal diameter, myofilament orientation was dependent upon the location within the cell, being largely circumferential at the adventitial border (77 ± 4°) and shifting to a radial arrangement at the intimal border (36 ± 5°). The reorganization of myofilaments during constriction was associated with a decrease in myofilament density at the intimal-medial border of the smooth muscle cells. The decrease in myofilament density resulted from a selective withdrawal of myofilaments from periluminal areas where "ridges" had formed. Our observations suggest that an ordered distribution of membrane-associated dense bodies along the periluminal aspect of the smooth muscle cells is responsible for both the myofilament reorganization and ridge formation during vasoconstriction. Results of the present study are incorporated into a hypothetical model of arteriolar ultrastructure compatible with the mural reorganization observed during vasoconstriction.
Whose arm is it anyway? An fMRI case study of supernumerary phantom limb.

Under normal circumstances, information from a number of sources is combined to compute a unitary percept of the body. However, after pathology these influences may be perceived simultaneously, resulting in multiple dissociated conscious representations. In a recent paper, we described subject E.P., a right-handed female stroke patient with a right frontomesial lesion who sporadically experiences a supernumerary 'ghost' left arm that occupies the previous position of the real left arm after a delay of 60-90 s. We used a delayed response paradigm with functional MRI to examine the haemodynamic correlates of E.P.'s illusion. Comparison of periods of time during scanning when the ghost arm was present against when it was not revealed a single cluster (9 voxels, t = 5.11, P < 0.012 corrected for multiple comparisons) located on the right medial wall in the supplementary motor area ('SMA proper'). Our results suggest that areas traditionally classified as part of the motor system can influence the conscious perception of the body. We propose that, as a consequence of her injury, E.P. is aware of the position of the phantom limb in this 'action space' while also continuing to be aware of the true position of her real limb on the basis of afferent somatosensory information.