Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Right-wing Radical Populism in City and Suburbs: An Electoral Geography of the Partij Voor de Vrijheid in the Netherlands

This paper looks at the electoral geography of the Partij Voor de Vrijheid, a Dutch right-wing radical populist party, which is anti-immigration, anti-establishment and critical of urban conditions. Combining survey analyses and geocoded polling station data analyses of the 2010 parliamentary elections, it is found that overrepresentation of support in suburban environments cannot be explained by voter composition alone. There is a positive contextual effect in lower-density neighbourhoods in cities and in suburban municipalities, as well as in post-war New Towns. To account for spatial variations, an explanatory framework is proposed based on urban theories of class, revanchism and nostalgia. Traditional middle classes, concentrated in suburbs, seem to support RRPPs to reclaim urban space for daily use and as a defensive strategy in view of metropolitan change.
Health literacy on tuberculosis amongst vulnerable segment of population: special reference to Saharia tribe in central India

Background & objectives: Health literacy on tuberculosis (TB) is an understanding about TB to perform activities with regard to prevention, diagnosis and treatment. We undertook a study to assess the health literacy on TB among one of the vulnerable tribal groups (Saharia) in central India. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2721 individuals aged >15 yr from two districts of Madhya Pradesh State of India were interviewed at their residence during December 2012-July 2013. By using a short-form questionnaire, health literacy on cause, symptoms, mode of transmission, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of TB was assessed. Results: Of the 2721 (Gwalior 1381; Shivpuri 1340) individuals interviewed; 76 per cent were aged <45 yr. Living condition was very poor (62% living in huts/katcha houses, 84 per cent with single room, 89 per cent no separate kitchen, 97 per cent used wood/crop as a fuel). Overall literacy rate was 19 per cent, and 22 per cent had >7 members in a house. Of the 2721 respondents participated, 52 per cent had never heard of TB; among them 8 per cent mentioned cough as a symptom, 64 per cent mentioned coughing up blood, and 91 per cent knew that TB diagnosis, and treatment facilities were available in both government and private hospitals. Health literacy score among participants who had heard of TB was <40 per cent among 36 per cent of respondents, 41-60 per cent among 54 per cent and >60 per cent among 8 per cent of respondents. Interpretation & conclusions: The finding that nearly half of the respondents had not heard of TB indicated an important gap in education regarding TB in this vulnerable population. There is an urgent need to implement targeted interventions to educate this group for better TB control.
Sorel's Early Marxism and Science

This article sets out to explore both the original attraction of the work of Marx for Sorel and the precise nature of his early Marxism. Sorel saw Marxism as a science capable of providing a scientific understanding of economic activity and of discovering the ‘laws’ that ‘determined’ economic development. This was not an ‘orthodox’ position however. Sorel's understanding of scientific method was largely derived from Claude Bernard's Introduction à l'étude de la médecine expérimentale and once this has been perceived it becomes clear that Sorel did not adhere to a ‘determinist’ interpretation of Marx. The article concludes by showing the manner in which Sorel abandoned this assessment of Marx, while at the same time preserving his original faith in science.
Abiotic stress QTL in lettuce crop–wild hybrids: comparing greenhouse and field experiments

The development of stress-tolerant crops is an increasingly important goal of current crop breeding. A higher abiotic stress tolerance could increase the probability of introgression of genes from crops to wild relatives. This is particularly relevant to the discussion on the risks of new GM crops that may be engineered to increase abiotic stress resistance. We investigated abiotic stress QTL in greenhouse and field experiments in which we subjected recombinant inbred lines from a cross between cultivated Lactuca sativa cv. Salinas and its wild relative L. serriola to drought, low nutrients, salt stress, and aboveground competition. Aboveground biomass at the end of the rosette stage was used as a proxy for the performance of plants under a particular stress. We detected a mosaic of abiotic stress QTL over the entire genome with little overlap between QTL from different stresses. The two QTL clusters that were identified reflected general growth rather than specific stress responses and colocated with clusters found in earlier studies for leaf shape and flowering time. Genetic correlations across treatments were often higher among different stress treatments within the same experiment (greenhouse or field), than among the same type of stress applied in different experiments. Moreover, the effects of the field stress treatments were more correlated with those of the greenhouse competition treatments than to those of the other greenhouse stress experiments, suggesting that competition rather than abiotic stress is a major factor in the field. In conclusion, the introgression risk of stress tolerance (trans-)genes under field conditions cannot easily be predicted based on genomic background selection patterns from controlled QTL experiments in greenhouses, especially field data will be needed to assess potential (negative) ecological effects of introgression of these transgenes into wild relatives.
Resilience in Later Life

A starting point of a concept of resilience in later life emerged from research on vulnerability and risk among children bolstered by work on adaptation and competence. Recently, some researchers have begun to apply the construct of resilience to elucidate the processes of successive challenge and compensatory recovery among those who are getting older. Age-related diseases and physiological changes that are usually considered to be a part of “normal aging” do not occur in the same way for all people, nor do all individuals necessarily experience identical changes as they reach old age. Those who age successfully are able to respond to the challenge. It is generally agreed that the ability to transform adversity into a growth experience and move forward defines the concept of resilience. The concept of resilience offers a wide range of opportunities for investigation. This paper presents background and concepts of resilience in later life, empirical findings on resilience in later life, conceptual and methodological issues, and reasons why resilience matters for health care providers.
Attributional processes underlying imagined contact effects

Recent research has demonstrated that mentally simulating positive intergroup encounters can promote tolerance and more positive intergroup attitudes. We explored the attributional processes underlying these effects. In our study participants who imagined intergroup contact subsequently reported greater intentions to engage in future contact, a relationship that was mediated by participants’ attribution, to themselves, of a more positive attitudinal orientation towards outgroup contact. Consistent with this attributional account, the perspective taken when imagining the encounter qualified this effect. Participants who imagined the encounter from a third-person perspective reported heightened intentions to engage in future contact relative to control participants, while this was not the case when the encounter was imagined from a first-person perspective. These findings suggest that attributional processes are key to observing the benefits that accrue from imagining intergroup contact. We speculate that these attributions may distinguish the approach from extended and actual forms of contact and help researchers to further capitalize on the benefits of mental imagery for improving intergroup relations.
Creativity and Speed of Mental Processing

It is reasonable to expect a correlation between creativity and speed of mental processing. Faster mental processing would allow one to learn the elements relevant to a domain and to screen more ideas for creative potential more quickly. However, there is evidence that highly creative people exhibit cognitive disinhibition and defocused attention. Thus, for ambiguous tasks, their speed of mental processing may be slow because they are poor at filtering out irrelevant aspects of stimuli. We tested the hypothesis that creative people should show faster reaction times on unambiguous tasks and slower reaction times on ambiguous tasks than less-creative people. The hypothesis was confirmed. There was a negative correlation between creativity and reaction time on an unambiguous Concept Verification Test and a positive correlation between creativity and a negative priming task.
What predicts traditional attitudes to marriage

This study, using data from 5,689 cohort members of the National Child Development Study, explores the impact of both structure of parenting family and contextual factors on attitudes towards marriage at age 33. Traditional attitudes to marriage were positively related to religiosity and negatively related to high non-verbal skills in childhood and smoking or drinking in adulthood but were unrelated to the structure or background of parental family. The results also yielded some very interesting gender differences. For example, the presence of partner at age 33 significantly predicted traditional attitudes to marriage in women but not in men. In men, by contrast, it was the presence of children at age 33, the absence of qualifications and current low socio-economic status that were associated with traditional attitudes to marriage. The implications of these findings on future family change are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Academic resourcefulness, coping strategies and doubting in university undergraduates

This study hypothesised that academic resourcefulness and coping strategies would predict doubting amongst university undergraduates. Doubting refers to the serious consideration of prematurely withdrawing from university. It was predicted that mature students would report higher levels of academic resourcefulness and adaptive coping strategies, and lower levels of maladaptive coping responses, than traditional students. Regarding year of study, it was predicted that first years would express more doubting. To explore the relationship between student-type and frequency of doubting, 176 psychology students completed a questionnaire. Academic resourcefulness was the only (negative) predictor of doubting. Mature students scored higher on academic resourcefulness and adaptive coping strategies, and lower on maladaptive coping strategies. First-year students were less likely to doubt than chance would predict. No significant difference in doubting status was found between mature and traditional students. The findings are discussed in terms of support from which students in higher education could benefit.
Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis in Females with Vaginal Discharge using Amsel ’ s Clinical Criteria and Nugent Scoring

Background: To determine the frequency of bacterial vaginosis in female patients with complaint of vaginal discharge and to evaluate the accuracy of Amsel’s clinical criteria taking Nugent criteria as gold standard. Methods: In this descriptive study female patients of a reproductive age group presenting with a complaint of abnormal vaginal discharge were included. A routine gynaecological speculum examination was performed. Vaginal samples were obtained using two vaginal swabs. Colour, consistency and odour of vaginal discharge was also noted. Amine test was performed (Whiff test) by adding 10% KOH to vaginal secretion to determine if the vaginal discharge gave off a fishy odour and wet mount was examined under microscope for presence of clue cells. Morphotypes were scored as average number . Total number of lactobacilli + Gardeneralla vaginalis + Mobiluncus were quantified and scored. A score of more than 7 was considered as a positive sign for bacterial vaginosis. Nugent scoring system was considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of BV, and accordingly sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Amsel’s criteria were determined. Results: The frequency of bacterial vaginosis was 42.16% by gram’s staining. The sensitivity and specificity of Amsel’s clinical criteria was 86.4% and 95.2%. Positive and negative predictive value was 85.3% and 95.6% respectively. Clue cells had the highest specificity. Conclusions: Bacterial vaginosis was found in a higher proportion in symptomatic female patients with vaginal discharge. Amsel’s clinical criteria was found to be useful but inferior in comparison to gram’s staining for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.
From Elite University to Mass Higher Education

The transition research framework combines two selection mechanisms, one non-discriminatory, based on equality criteria for transition from home to education, the other discriminatory, based on suitability criteria for transition from education to labour market. With the expansive, egalitarian Nordic higher education policy as its starting point, and drawing on Bourdieuan—Collinsian ideas and Finnish census data, the article examines changes in inequality of educational opportunity and labour market returns to university graduates over the course of three decades. Two elite university generations (born in 1946 and 1966) and one mass higher education age group (born in 1976) are compared by gender and family background. Differences in participation in university education, as measured by odds ratios, have narrowed in three generations by a sequence: 19.1—10.8—8.2, being still eightfold in favour of students from academic families. The differences in relative returns to university graduates (academic versus non-academic background) were minimal for those born in 1946 (1.01), whereas for the `1966 generation' they were threefold (3.17) in favour of graduates from academic homes. Our simulations predict high returns for the 1966 generation at the mature career stage.
Role of liver function tests in symptomatic cholelithiasis.

BACKGROUND Cholelithiasis is a common problem in west as well as in developing nations and its incidence is continuously rising. It has become routine to order LFT's in every patient undergoing cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the usefulness of routine Liver Function Tests (LFT's) in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis. METHODS This prospective descriptive study was conducted from August 2006 to July 2007 at Department of Surgery, Hamdard University Hospital and other private hospitals. All patients presenting with symptomatic cholelithiasis with no past and present history ofjaundice, pancreatitis, cholangitis and normal calibre common bile duct on ultrasonography. The relevant data regarding history, clinical examination, LFT's and ultrasound findings were recorded and analysed. RESULTS Out of 124 patients, 102 (82.25%) were female and 22 (17.74%) were male with the mean age 43 years (range 20 to 76 years). Majority of patients, 110 (88.71%) presented as chronic calculous cholecystitis, 12 (9.68%) as acute calculous cholecystitis and 2 (1.61%) with biliary colic. In 108 (87.10%) patients, labelled as group A, LFT's were with in normal range. In this group most of the patients, 103 (95.37%) were those who presented as chronic calculous cholecystitis. Rest of the 5 patients (4.63%) with normal LFT's were those who presented as acute calculous cholecystitis. In 16 patients (12.90%), labelled as group B, LFT's were found deranged. In this group 7 (43.75%) patients presented as acute calculous cholecystitis, 7 (43.75%) as chronic calculous cholecystitis and 2 (12.5%) with biliary colic. Bilirubin was found elevated in 2, AST in 4 and alkaline phosphatase in all patients. None of these patients in either group had dilated CBD on preoperative ultrasound examination and per operatively (in open surgery) CBD dilatation or palpable stones were not found. CONCLUSION A routine LFT's in preoperative assessment of uncomplicated symptomatic cholelithiasis usually comes out normal and it is not a good predictive marker for the detection of silent CBD calculi.
Home‐School Relations or Families, Parents and Education

'Education, education, education' was Tony Blair's central political slogan before taking office as Prime Minister in May 1997. Since taking office, he and his Cabinet ministers have remained focused on this as a key theme of government policy making. The first white paper to be produced was on education, entitled Excellence in Schools, and appeared early in July. It brought together all the initial plans for early childhood and compulsory schooling to the year 2000. David Blunkett, the Secretary of State for Education, made clear in his foreword to the white paper the central importance of relationships between the family and education for improving educational standards. He asserted:
Children's Divergent Thinking Improves When They Understand False Beliefs

This research utilized longitudinal and cross-sectional methods to investigate the relation between the development of a representational theory of mind and children 's growing ability to search their own minds for appropriate problem solutions. In the first experiment, 59 preschool children were given 3 false-belief tasks and a divergent-thinking task. Those children who passed false-belief tasks produced significantly more items, as well as more original items, in response to divergent-thinking questions than those children who failed. This significant association persisted even when chronological age and verbal and nonverbal general ability were partialed out. In a second study, 20 children who failed the false-belief tasks in the first experiment were retested 3 months later. Again, those who now passed the false-belief tasks were significantly better at the divergent-thinking tusk than those who continued to fail. The associations between measures of divergent thinking and understanding false beliefs.
Gender debate and teachers' constructions of masculinity vs. femininity of school principals: the case of Muslim teachers in Israel

This article reports the findings of a study that sought to identify Muslim teachers' constructions of ‘masculinity’ and ‘femininity’ of the school principal. The first purpose of the study was to trace Muslim teachers' perceptions of masculine and feminine features of school principals, and the second was to explore their constructions of the desired principal–teachers relationship. Based on a qualitative investigation, this study found that male and female teachers hold cultural gender conceptualisations of the school principalship, which in turn influence the way they see power relations, leadership style and career development. Interestingly their preference for the ideal principal is not based on gender but rather on leadership qualities. Both female and male teachers prefer ‘the strong principal’ who maintains moral behaviour, discipline and control in schools, yet is sensitive and collaborative. Likewise, male and female constructed ideas and favoured leadership features, values and behaviours are influenced by teachers' education and proximity to modern values. The practical implications of the study are discussed.
My School, My Market

Australia's Education Revolution, launched in 2008, emphasised equity as a key reason for reforms. It identified ‘pockets of disadvantage’ as one of the main problems that needed to be addressed through its reforms. Through a series of translations, the problem of ‘pockets of disadvantage’ was converted to one of a lack of information, a lack of comparable metrics and the absence of an informed public, leading to a number of solutions such as the development of a national assessment scheme and the My School website. In this paper, using the theoretical and methodological resources of actor-network theory, I argue that these translations were also, simultaneously, the processes by which the Australian education space was further ‘marketised’. These marketisation processes involved homogenisation, whereby schools were rendered comparable through the development of common evaluation and common metrics; the development of informational resources that enabled parents to function as economic agents and exert ‘market forces’; and coordinating the activities of the actors through the My School website. The paper concludes with a discussion of how such descriptive analyses might serve as critique.
Validation of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale for Adolescents in Hong Kong

This study examines the reliability and validity of a Chinese-translated version of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) and explores the effect of gender and age on each of the subscales. The sensitivity of SURPS in differentiating substance users and nonusers using the SURPS is also investigated. Data were collected from a convenience sample that consisted of 250 students from secondary schools in Hong Kong. Results indicated that the reliability of the subscales for introversion/hopelessness, impulsivity, sensation seeking, and anxiety sensitivity was comparable with those in previous studies. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factor model of the original theoretical model of SURPS. However, no significant difference was found between each subscale score and the self-reported substance use behavior. Possible explanations on such findings are discussed. Despite the fact that the sensitivity of the SURPS in differentiating substance users and nonusers among Hong Kong adolescents is not supported, this study has provided some initial scientific evidence for adopting screening measures from the Western world to identify Chinese adolescents who are at risk for substance use.
Communication management during risk events and crises in a globalised world: Predictability of domestic media attention for calamities

While governments are concerned with controlling domestic safety issues and preventing resulting potential societal disruptions, events abroad can trigger similar effects. Globalisation magnifies the media attention for events, domestic and abroad, which poses new challenges for authorities. This paper suggests additional approaches for governments to address such situations. Based on interviews with experts and representatives of authorities and analysis of Dutch media attention for external safety events, this paper identifies criteria that can predict media attention and factors that may contribute to effective policy responses. Both can contribute to help to manage external safety risk events. The study shows that media response is predictable to a certain extent. This insight can be a tool in the wider range of measures for authorities to help manage a crisis situation and in particular strategies to cope with the media.
Assessing the Psychometric Properties of Civic Values

There is limited research about the validity and reliability of civic engagement indicators. This study examines the measurement invariance of a Civic Values construct based on students’ responses on the 2000 Freshman Survey and 2004 College Senior Survey, which are both part of the Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP). Results show that eight items best estimate Civic Values, and these items are stable across time points. Also, Civic Values are more diffuse during students’ freshman year and more correlated during their senior year. Explanations about elements of the collegiate environment that may affect growth on the items that measure Civic Values are also discussed.