Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Method for Power Converter Fault Diagnosis in SRM Drives

This paper presents a new fault diagnostic technique applied to switched reluctance motor drives, based on the analysis of the power converter supply current. A fault is detected when the measured amplitude of the dc bus current differs from its expected amplitude, assuming normal operating conditions. The information about phase currents amplitudes and the control commands of all power switches permit to easily estimate the amplitude of the power converter supply current, since an asymmetric bridge converter is used. Simulation and experimental results are presented. Open- and short-circuit fault occurrences in the converter power switches are considered and analyzed. The proposed technique can early detect these fault occurrences and can also identify the affected motor phase. In almost all situations, the faulty element is also identified. An early fault diagnosis, with an accurate fault identification, is of a paramount importance since it permits the early adoption of fault-tolerant procedures that minimize the fault impact on the machine operation.
p75 and TrkA Signaling Regulates Sympathetic Neuronal Firing Patterns via Differential Modulation of Voltage-Gated Currents

Neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) act through the tropomyosin-related receptor tyrosine kinases (Trk) and the pan-neurotrophin receptor (p75) to regulate complex developmental and functional properties of neurons. While NGF activates both receptor types in sympathetic neurons, differential signaling through TrkA and p75 can result in widely divergent functional outputs for neuronal survival, growth, and synaptic function. Here we show that TrkA and p75 signaling pathways have opposing effects on the firing properties of sympathetic neurons, and define a mechanism whereby the relative level of signaling through these two receptors sets firing patterns via coordinate regulation of a set of ionic currents. We show that signaling through the p75 pathway causes sympathetic neurons to fire in a phasic pattern showing marked accommodation. Signaling through the NGF-specific TrkA, on the other hand, causes cells to fire tonically. Neurons switch rapidly between firing patterns, on the order of minutes to hours. We show that changes in firing patterns are caused by neurotrophin-dependent regulation of at least four voltage-gated currents: the sodium current and the M-type, delayed rectifier, and calcium-dependent potassium currents. Neurotrophin release, and thus receptor activation, varies among somatic tissues and physiological state. Thus, these data suggest that target-derived neurotrophins may be an important determinant of the characteristic electrical properties of sympathetic neurons and therefore regulate the functional output of the sympathetic nervous system.
Context as a Factor in Teachers’ Perceptions of the Teaching of Thinking Skills in Physical Education

The purpose of the study was to understand how contextual factors influenced three teachers’ willingness to embrace and implement a curriculum based on the teaching of thinking skills within middle school physical education. The teachers were selected because teaching thinking skills was an important part of the central mission of their schools, and they were involved in planning and teaching thinking skills in physical education. Observations of lessons, formal interviews with the teachers and administrators, and curriculum documents provided the data base for analysis using constant comparison and analytic induction. In addition, the value orientations of all teachers within each department were obtained using the Value Orientation Inventory (Ennis & Chen, 1993). Results indicated that school and community support, teacher value orientation and collegiality, and teacher’s perception of the relationship of physical education to broader curricular innovation influenced the teachers’ acceptance of teaching.
Subaru Deep Survey. VI. A Census of Lyman Break Galaxies at z ≃ 4 and 5 in the Subaru Deep Fields: Clustering Properties

We investigate the clustering properties of 2600 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at z = 3.5-5.2 in two large blank fields, the Subaru Deep Field and the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field (600 arcmin2 each). The angular correlation functions of these LBGs show a clear clustering at both z ≃ 4 and 5. The correlation lengths are r0 = 4.1 and 5.9h Mpc (r0 = 5.1 and 5.9h Mpc) for all the detected LBGs (for L ≳ L* LBGs) at z ≃ 4 and 5, respectively. These correlation lengths correspond to galaxy-dark matter biases of bg = 2.9 and 4.6 (bg = 3.5 and 4.6) for all the detected LBGs (for L ≳ L* LBGs) at z ≃ 4 and 5, respectively. These results, combined with estimates for z ≃ 3 LBGs in the literature, show that the correlation length of L ≳ L* LBGs is almost constant, ~5 h Mpc, over z ≃ 3-5, while the bias monotonically increases with redshift at z ≳ 3. We also find that for LBGs at z ≃ 4 the clustering amplitude increases with UV-continuum luminosity and with the amount of dust extinction. We estimate the mass of dark halos hosting various kinds of high-z galaxies, including LBGs, with the analytic model given by Sheth & Tormen. We find that the typical mass of dark halos hosting L ≳ L* LBGs is about 1 × 1012 h M☉ over z ≃ 3-5, which is comparable to that of the Milky Way. A single dark halo with ~1012 h M☉ is found to host 0.1-0.3 LBGs on average but about four K-band-selected galaxies.
Biogeographic variation in evergreen conifer needle longevity and impacts on boreal forest carbon cycle projections

Significance How evergreen tree needle longevity varies from south to north in the boreal biome is poorly quantified and therefore ignored in vegetation and earth system models. This is problematic, because needle longevity translates directly into needle turnover rate and profoundly affects carbon cycling in both nature and computer models. Herein we present data for five widespread boreal conifers, including pines and spruces, from >125 sites along a 2,000-km gradient. For each species, individuals in colder, more northern environments had longer needle life span, highlighting its importance to evergreen ecological success. Incorporating biogeography of needle longevity into a global model improved predictions of forest productivity and carbon cycling and identified specific problems for models that ignore such variability. Leaf life span is an important plant trait associated with interspecific variation in leaf, organismal, and ecosystem processes. We hypothesized that intraspecific variation in gymnosperm needle traits with latitude reflects both selection and acclimation for traits adaptive to the associated temperature and moisture gradient. This hypothesis was supported, because across 127 sites along a 2,160-km gradient in North America individuals of Picea glauca, Picea mariana, Pinus banksiana, and Abies balsamea had longer needle life span and lower tissue nitrogen concentration with decreasing mean annual temperature. Similar patterns were noted for Pinus sylvestris across a north–south gradient in Europe. These differences highlight needle longevity as an adaptive feature important to ecological success of boreal conifers across broad climatic ranges. Additionally, differences in leaf life span directly affect annual foliage turnover rate, which along with needle physiology partially regulates carbon cycling through effects on gross primary production and net canopy carbon export. However, most, if not all, global land surface models parameterize needle longevity of boreal evergreen forests as if it were a constant. We incorporated temperature-dependent needle longevity and %nitrogen, and biomass allocation, into a land surface model, Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange, to assess their impacts on carbon cycling processes. Incorporating realistic parameterization of these variables improved predictions of canopy leaf area index and gross primary production compared with observations from flux sites. Finally, increasingly low foliage turnover and biomass fraction toward the cold far north indicate that a surprisingly small fraction of new biomass is allocated to foliage under such conditions.
Less diarrhoea but no change in growth: 15 years’ data from three Gambian villages

Editor,—The paper by Poskitt and colleagues from The Gambia1 indicates that there has been a disappointing lack of improvement in the nutritional status and mortality of young African children during the 25 years’ existence of the famous field station. Previous research from Keneba suggested a relation between diarrhoeal diseases and growth faltering, but despite considerable reductions …
Urban Photochemical Pollution in the Iberian Peninsula: Lisbon and Barcelona Airsheds

Abstract Numerical simulations with photochemical transport models were independently performed for two domains situated in the Iberian Peninsula covering the Lisbon and Barcelona airsheds. Although the days chosen for simulation of the two cities are not the same, the synoptic situations in both cases, known as typical summertime situations, were similar, which allowed the development of typical mesoscale circulations, such as sea breezes and mountain and valley winds dominated by the Azores anticyclone. Emission inventories for the two areas were developed. The O3 concentrations recorded in both cities have a similar level. Nevertheless, Ox values in Barcelona are higher than in Lisbon, which may, at a ﬁrst glance, indicate an apparently more oxidant atmosphere in Barcelona. Photochemical modeling for the two cities has shown that the behavior of the circulatory patterns in both urban areas is rather different, which mainly has to do with the different strengths of the sea breeze and the topography, inducing an important offshore vertical layered dimension of pollutant transport in Barcelona versus an important inland horizontal transport in Lisbon.
Current Performance and On-Going Improvements of the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope

An overview of the current status of the 8.2m Subaru Telescope constructed and operated at Mauna Kea, Hawaii, by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan is presented. The basic design concept and the verified performance of the telescope system are described. Also given are the status of the instrument package offered to the astronomical community, the status of operation, and some of the future plans. The status of the telescope reported in a number of SPIE papers as of the summer of 2002 are incorporated with some updates included as of 2004 February. However, readers are encouraged to check the most updated status of the telescope through the home page, http://subarutelescope.org/index.html, and/or the direct contact with the observatory staff.
Testing for Nonlinear Dynamics in The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET)

Understanding stock market price fluctuations plays an important role in economic policy and in corporate investment and financing strategies. In recent years, Khantavit and others have investigated the proposition that nonlinear processes studied in Chaos theory play an important role in these fluctuations. This study provides a detailed examination of this hypothesis using data from the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) from 1975 to 1999. The study finds that the distribution of the daily return on the SET index is nonnormal and leptokurtic. The results of the study also suggest that non-linear processes play a significant role in stock market behavior
Transport of drugs by the multidrug transporter AcrB involves an access and a deep binding pocket that are separated by a switch-loop

AcrAB-TolC is the major efflux protein complex in Escherichia coli extruding a vast variety of antimicrobial agents from the cell. The inner membrane component AcrB is a homotrimer, and it has been postulated that the monomers cycle consecutively through three conformational stages designated loose (L), tight (T), and open (O) in a concerted fashion. Binding of drugs has been shown at a periplasmic deep binding pocket in the T conformation. The initial drug-binding step and transport toward this drug-binding site has been elusive thus far. Here we report high resolution structures (1.9–2.25 Å) of AcrB/designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) complexes with bound minocycline or doxorubicin. In the AcrB/doxorubicin cocrystal structure, binding of three doxorubicin molecules is apparent, with one doxorubicin molecule bound in the deep binding pocket of the T monomer and two doxorubicin molecules in a stacked sandwich arrangement in an access pocket at the lateral periplasmic cleft of the L monomer. This access pocket is separated from the deep binding pocket apparent in the T monomer by a switch-loop. The localization and conformational flexibility of this loop seems to be important for large substrates, because a G616N AcrB variant deficient in macrolide transport exhibits an altered conformation within this loop region. Transport seems to be a stepwise process of initial drug uptake in the access pocket of the L monomer and subsequent accommodation of the drug in the deep binding pocket during the L to T transition to the internal deep binding pocket of the T monomer.
Clinical utility of intrathoracic impedance monitoring to alert patients with an implanted device of deteriorating chronic heart failure.

AIMS To evaluate the utility of intrathoracic impedance monitoring for detecting heart failure (HF) deterioration in patients with an implanted cardiac resynchronization/defibrillation device. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients enrolled in the European InSync Sentry Observational Study were audibly alerted by a device algorithm if a decrease in intrathoracic impedance suggested fluid accumulation. Clinical HF status and device data were assessed at enrolment, during regular follow-up, and if patients presented with an alert or HF deterioration. Data from 373 subjects were analysed. Fifty-three alert events and a total of 53 clinical events (HF deterioration defined by worsening of HF signs and symptoms) were reported during a median of 4.2 months. Adjusted for multiple events per patient, the alert detected clinical HF deterioration with 60% sensitivity (95% CI 46-73) and with a positive predictive value of 60% (95% CI 46-73). Higher NYHA class at baseline was predictive for adequate alert events during follow-up (P < 0.05). In 11 of 20 HF deteriorations without preceding alert, an upstroke of the fluid index occurred without reaching the programmed alert threshold. CONCLUSION A device-based algorithm that alerts patients in case of decreasing intrathoracic impedance facilitates the detection of HF deterioration. Future randomized, controlled trials are needed to test whether the tailored use of intrathoracic impedance monitoring can improve the ambulatory management of patients with chronic HF and an implanted device.
Religiosity is Associated With the Use of Complementary Medical Therapies by Pediatric Oncology Patients

Purpose To determine the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in pediatric oncology patients, the types of CAM used, and the factors associated with the use of CAM. Patients and Methods A questionnaire regarding CAM use was administered to patients/families seen in the pediatric oncology clinic at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center over a 12-month period. Results Based on 195 completed questionnaires, 91 (47%) patients reported use of CAM since diagnosis. Among CAM users, the most commonly used CAM therapies were faith healing, megavitamins/minerals, massage, other dietary supplements, relaxation techniques, and herbal medicines/teas. Forty-one percent of CAM users had not discussed CAM use with their physician(s). In bivariate analysis, CAM use was not associated with age at the time of survey, time since diagnosis, sex, race, parental education, or family income. A trend was noted between CAM use and older age at diagnosis. Families who reported themselves to be “very” religious were more likely to use CAM than those that are “somewhat” or “not at all” religious. Conclusions Use of CAM is common among pediatric oncology patients and often is not discussed with the treating physician(s). Patients from very religious families are more likely to use CAM.
An exceptionally conserved transcriptional repressor, CTCF, employs different combinations of zinc fingers to bind diverged promoter sequences of avian and mammalian c-myc oncogenes

We have isolated and analyzed human CTCF cDNA clones and show here that the ubiquitously expressed 11-zinc-finger factor CTCF is an exceptionally highly conserved protein displaying 93% identity between avian and human amino acid sequences. It binds specifically to regulatory sequences in the promoter-proximal regions of chicken, mouse, and human c-myc oncogenes. CTCF contains two transcription repressor domains transferable to a heterologous DNA binding domain. One CTCF binding site, conserved in mouse and human c-myc genes, is found immediately downstream of the major P2 promoter at a sequence which maps precisely within the region of RNA polymerase II pausing and release. Gel shift assays of nuclear extracts from mouse and human cells show that CTCF is the predominant factor binding to this sequence. Mutational analysis of the P2-proximal CTCF binding site and transient-cotransfection experiments demonstrate that CTCF is a transcriptional repressor of the human c-myc gene. Although there is 100% sequence identity in the DNA binding domains of the avian and human CTCF proteins, the regulatory sequences recognized by CTCF in chicken and human c-myc promoters are clearly diverged. Mutating the contact nucleotides confirms that CTCF binding to the human c-myc P2 promoter requires a number of unique contact DNA bases that are absent in the chicken c-myc CTCF binding site. Moreover, proteolytic-protection assays indicate that several more CTCF Zn fingers are involved in contacting the human CTCF binding site than the chicken site. Gel shift assays utilizing successively deleted Zn finger domains indicate that CTCF Zn fingers 2 to 7 are involved in binding to the chicken c-myc promoter, while fingers 3 to 11 mediate CTCF binding to the human promoter. This flexibility in Zn finger usage reveals CTCF to be a unique "multivalent" transcriptional factor and provides the first feasible explanation of how certain homologous genes (i.e., c-myc) of different vertebrate species are regulated by the same factor and maintain similar expression patterns despite significant promoter sequence divergence.
Elective Neck Dissection vs Observation in Early-Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue With No Clinically Apparent Lymph Node Metastasis in the Neck: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

IMPORTANCE The elective management of no clinical or radiologic evidence of lymph node metastasis in the neck (cN0) in early stage T1-T2 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) has been the subject of much debate during the past 3 decades and continues to be controversial. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the literature and carry out a meta-analysis of studies that compared elective neck dissection (END) with observation in patients with early-stage T1-T2 OTSCC and cN0 neck. DATA SOURCES The MEDLINE, Scopus, Google scholar, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for articles published between January 1, 1970, and June 1, 2015. Search terms used were squamous cell carcinoma, oral tongue, mobile tongue, T1, T2, early stage, elective neck dissection, no neck treatment, observation, wait and watch, node-negative neck, and N0 neck. STUDY SELECTION Controlled clinical trials, prospective and retrospective cohorts, case-control studies, and case series that compared END with observation in patients with early-stage T1-T2 OTSCC who had no clinical or radiologic evidence of lymph node metastasis to the neck were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. All patients included had a histopathologic diagnosis of SCC and at least 6 months of follow-up. Regional (neck) nodal recurrence, overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) were tested. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Four researchers independently extracted information on population characteristics, outcomes of interest, and study design. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Fixed effects were used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratio (ORs) were used for studies including samples without substantial heterogeneity; random effects were evaluated for samples with significant heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 20 retrospective and 3 prospective randomized studies that met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 3244 patients, were included in the meta-analysis The results showed that END significantly reduced risk of regional recurrence (random-effects model: OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.22-0.46; P < .001) and improved DSS (fixed-effects model: HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.33-0.72; P < .001) compared with management by observation. However, END did not significantly improve OS (random-effects model: HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.41-1.22; P = .21). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that END can significantly reduce the rate of regional nodal recurrence and improve DSS in patients with cT1T2N0 OTSCC.
The Lost Dimension

To read these five essays of 1983 is to begin to come to terms with the theoretical cataclysm of the present. In Lost Dimension, Paul Virilio considers the displacement of the concept of dimensional space by Einsteinian space/time as it is related to the transparent boundaries of the postmodern city and contemporary economy. Virilio imagines a coming world of interactive, informational networks offering a prison-house of illusionary transcendence. He pictures global terrorism (perpetrated by and against technological states) filling up the surreal void of an abandoned real. In a multidisciplinary excavation of contemporary physics, architecture, esthetic theory, and sociology, Virilio traces the dystopic unity of the contemporary Western predicament with lightning prescience and clarity.
Differential Effect of Actomyosin Relaxation on the Dynamic Properties of Focal Adhesion Proteins

Treatment of cultured cells with inhibitors of actomyosin contractility induces rapid deterioration of stress fibers, and disassembly of the associated focal adhesions (FAs). In this study, we show that treatment with the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632, which blocks actomyosin contractility, induces disarray in the FA-associated actin bundles, followed by the differential dissociation of eight FA components from the adhesion sites. Live-cell microscopy indicated that the drug triggers rapid dissociation of VASP and zyxin from FAs (τ values of 7-8 min), followed by talin, paxillin and ILK (τ ~16 min), and then by FAK, vinculin and kindlin-2 (τ = 25-28 min). Examination of the molecular kinetics of the various FA constituents, using Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP), in the absence of or following short-term treatment with the drug, revealed major changes in the kon and koff values of the different proteins tested, which are in close agreement with their differential dissociation rates from the adhesion sites. These findings indicate that mechanical, actomyosin-generated forces differentially regulate the molecular kinetics of individual FA-associated molecules, and thereby modulate FA composition and stability.
Geometric alignment of 2D gel electrophoresis images using physics-based elastic registration

A key technique for protein analysis is the geometric alignment of 2D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) images. We introduce a new hybrid elastic registration approach for 2-DE images, which is based on an analytic solution of the Navier equation. With this approach cross-effects in elastic deformations can be handled, which is important for the registration of 2-DE images. We have successfully applied our approach to register 2-DE gel images of different levels of complexity and have performed a quantitative evaluation of the results. We have also carried out a comparison with a previous hybrid elastic registration scheme.