Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community Care and the Family: A Case for Equal Opportunities?

ABSTRACT Despite the existence of sex discrimination legislation certain social policies appear to militate against equal opportunities between the sexes. Community care policies are a case in point, especially with current interest shifting towards ‘care by the community’, and the presumed existence of ‘informal caring networks’, with a view to their effective mobilization at a time of cutbacks both in public expenditure and in domiciliary social service provision for groups such as the handicapped and the elderly. To the extent that community care policies rely on women's unpaid domestic labour and may necessitate their withdrawal from the labour market, such policies could be counter-productive to the promotion of ‘equal opportunities’. The challenge is to devise community care policies which do not disadvantage women and which give men ‘equal opportunities’ to take on caring roles usually assigned to women.
Semantic Video CNNs Through Representation Warping

In this work, we propose a technique to convert CNN models for semantic segmentation of static images into CNNs for video data. We describe a warping method that can be used to augment existing architectures with very lit- tle extra computational cost. This module is called Net- Warp and we demonstrate its use for a range of network architectures. The main design principle is to use opti- cal flow of adjacent frames for warping internal network representations across time. A key insight of this work is that fast optical flow methods can be combined with many different CNN architectures for improved performance and end-to-end training. Experiments validate that the proposed approach incurs only little extra computational cost, while improving performance, when video streams are available. We achieve new state-of-the-art results on the CamVid and Cityscapes benchmark datasets and show consistent im- provements over different baseline networks. Our code and models are available at http://segmentation.is. tue.mpg. de
Evaluation of the significance of some diagnostic parameters in making an early diagnose of primary open-angle glaucoma

Summary Background The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic parameters and analysis of their advantages and limitations in early diagnostics of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Cup/disc ratio (C/D), nerve fiber index (NFI) and mean deviation of retinal sensitivity (MD) were considered. Material/Methods Fifty primary open-angle glaucoma patients (95 eyes), 67 primary open-angle glaucoma suspects (128 eyes), and 77 healthy subjects (148 eyes) underwent full ophthalmologic examination and also HRT, GDx and FDT examinations for determination of C/D, NFI, and MD parameters. Student’s t test was used to confirm the statistical significance of the differences between the particular group pairs. Histograms of distribution of the occurrence frequency of the parameter values in the groups were plotted. Results The mean values of C/D were 0.65±0.11, 0.58±0.11 and 0.43±0.11, NFI 37.0±22.7, 18.5±5.6 and 15.1±4.8 and MD −3.00±5.07, −077±2.49 and −0.29±1.94, respectively. Statistically significant differences between the particular groups were found. There was a partial overlapping of the histograms of distribution of the occurrence frequency of the parameter values. Conclusions The basic diagnostic C/D NFI and MD parameters in primary open-angle glaucoma patients, primary open-angle glaucoma suspects and healthy subjects differed significantly. These parameters are important diagnostic tools in glaucoma diagnosis. A limitation of their applicability is related to a high scatter of the results and their overlapping in particular groups.
Towards Long-Term Multi-Hop WSN Deployments for Environmental Monitoring: An Experimental Network Evaluation

This paper explores the network performance and costs associated with the deployment, labor, and maintenance of a long-term outdoor multi-hop wireless sensor network (WSN) located at the Audubon Society of Western Pennsylvania (ASWP), which has been in operation for more than four years for environmental data collection. The WSN performance is studied over selected time periods during the network deployment time, based on two different TinyOS-based WSN routing protocols: commercial XMesh and the open-source Collection Tree Protocol (CTP). Empirical results show that the network performance is improved with CTP (i.e., 79% packet reception rate, 96% packet success rate and 0.2% duplicate packets), versus using XMesh (i.e., 36% packet reception rate and 46% packet success rate, with 3%–4% duplicate packets). The deployment cost of the 52-node, 253-sensor WSN is $31,500 with an additional $600 per month in labor and maintenance resulting in a cost of $184 m−2·y−1 of sensed area. Network maintenance during the first four years of operation was performed on average every 12 days, costing approximately $187 for each field visit.
‘It's important to put yourself in any lesson that you teach’: self-efficacy in action in the primary modern foreign languages classroom

This article explores how Bourdieu's notion of habitus might be employed to shed light on the self-efficacy of primary teachers as they take on an additional specialism when modern foreign languages becomes statutory in primary schools in the new English National Curriculum in 2014. The article argues that Bandura's four principles of self-efficacy—mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion and physiological and social affect—may be influenced by the operation of habitus in their various school contexts. Teachers with a heightened sense of agency appear more successful in harnessing self-efficacy to achieve either greater competence in a new area if they are generalists or to maintain their proficiency if they are specialists. The study was conducted in a small number of primary schools in the West Midlands using semi-structured interviews to illuminate the teachers' lived experiences. This article contributes to the debate on the necessity of having specialists teach foreign languages in primary schools by suggesting that the dualism of the specialist and non-specialist may be arbitrary and that developing teacher self-efficacy may be beneficial in preparing all primary teachers to meet the demands of the new curriculum.
Response-Locked Brain Dynamics of Word Production

The cortical regions involved in the different stages of speech production are relatively well-established, but their spatio-temporal dynamics remain poorly understood. In particular, the available studies have characterized neural events with respect to the onset of the stimulus triggering a verbal response. The core aspect of language production, however, is not perception but action. In this context, the most relevant question may not be how long after a stimulus brain events happen, but rather how long before the production act do they occur. We investigated speech production-related brain activity time-locked to vocal onset, in addition to the common stimulus-locked approach. We report the detailed temporal interplay between medial and left frontal activities occurring shortly before vocal onset. We interpret those as reflections of, respectively, word selection and word production processes. This medial-lateral organization is in line with that described in non-linguistic action control, suggesting that similar processes are at play in word production and non-linguistic action production. This novel view of the brain dynamics underlying word production provides a useful background for future investigations of the spatio-temporal brain dynamics that lead to the production of verbal responses.
Enhancing learning, communication and public engagement about climate change – some lessons from recent literature

This paper sets out to develop key messages for the theory and practice of environmental education from a review of recent research literature on climate change communication (CCC) and education. It focuses on how learners of climate science understand messages on climate change, the communicative contexts for education on climate change, the barriers that can be found to public engagement with climate change issues, and how these barriers can be addressed. 92 peer-reviewed studies were examined. The analysis focuses on the goals and strategies of CCC, and how barriers can be addressed given the research findings on: (a) the content of CCC, (b) visualizations, (c) framing, (d) audience segmentation. The paper concludes that CCC and education need to address barriers to public engagement on several levels simultaneously. It recommends that scholars of environmental education focus critical attention on how practice addresses senses and spheres of agency; sociocultural factors; and the complexities of developing scientific literacy given the interpretative frames and prior understandings that are brought to bear by the public in non-formal education settings.
Division Director Versus CEO Compensation: New Insights Into the Determinants of Executive Pay

The authors highlight the importance of firm structure for the optimal compensation contracts of upper-management positions. Making use of task similarity between CEOs of undiversified firms and division directors within larger corporations, the authors analyze trade-offs between monitoring and incentive pay at below-CEO levels. Because division directors are subject to an additional layer of monitoring by upper management, they should receive less incentive pay and lower compensation than do CEOs of undiversified firms, whereas added complexity because of higher levels of diversification will predictably alter these relationships. Matched pair regressions on a unique data set support the authors' hypotheses.
Problem-Solving Appraisal versus Hypothetical Problem Solving

The relationship between hypothetical problem solving and actual appraisal of problem solving was investigated. The actual problem-solving appraisal was measured by the Problem Solving Inventory of Heppner and Petersen. Scores on this instrument were correlated with scores on the Coping Strategies Inventory which utilizes a hypothetical situation, and was developed by Tobin, Holroyd and Reynolds in 1982. Significant relationships (rs of .27 to —.54) hold between how people respond to real life situations and to hypothetical ones. Also significant reliability estimates (.72 to .90) for the Problem Solving Inventory were obtained. The inventory seems to relate most to measures of perceived flexibility in problem solving and goal-oriented strategies. The investigation has implications for research on appraisal of problem solving.
Empowerment: power, culture and leadership – a strategy or fad for the millennium?

Since 1990, the number of empirical and applied research dealing with employee empowerment has proliferated. This article will examine four dimensions of power: various resources to influence the outcome of decision‐making; controlling access to those processes; through hegemonic process to legitimize power through culture and norms; and determining the limits of power. A critical perspective from other behavioral sciences will present various designs. Foucauldian Theory will challenge the devolution of power via prior research attempts. Contemporary research on organization culture and structure will be examined via the validation of six hypotheses. Organizational characteristics facilitating empowerment such as vision, openness and teamwork, discipline and control, support and security will be discussed, along with the impact of leadership on an empowered workforce. Psychological dimensions of empowerment: choice, competence, meaningfulness and progress are examined in addition to trust issues. Some conclusions and recommendations will integrate the diverse theories.
Inclusion and Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders

Summary This article presents a point/counterpoint approach to the issue of full inclusion of all students with emotional/behavioral disorders. To set the stage for the discussion that follows, the academic, social, and behavioral characteristics of these students pertinent to classroom performance are reviewed. The pros and cons of these four issues are then presented: (a) appropriateness of the general education curriculum for students with EBD; (b) social acceptance and other social competence issues; (c) mental health interventions and supports in general education settings; and (d) legality of full inclusion. Under the legality issue, case law on full inclusion pertaining to students with EBD is briefly reviewed. The basic premise of the authors who are full inclusion opponents is that a continuum of placements, including full-time placement in general education classrooms, should be preserved so that decisions about appropriate settings can be made on an individual basis. The basic premise of the author who is a full inclusion proponent is that, rather than maintaining two separate systems, we should direct our energies toward correcting the inadequacies of the general education classroom for the benefit of all students, including those with EBD.
Old drug, new data: Revisiting... Lithium therapy

New data have emerged over the past 10 years regarding the efficacy and mechanisms of action of lithium. This article briefly summarises the evidence for the use of lithium to treat affective disorders and psychosis, reviews its putative anti-suicidal effect, highlights new research on its mechanism of action and provides an update on some important side-effects and consequences of its use.
Improved, computer-generated system for pyocin typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

We applied numerical clustering algorithms to the selection of a new indicator strain set for the pyocin typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The new indicator set is composed of selected indicator strains from the sets described in 1966 by Gillies and Govan (J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 91:339-345) and in 1974 by Jones, Zakanycz, Thomas, and Farmer (Appl. Microbiol. 27:400-406) and is designated the G-F set. This indicator set consists of 14 indicator strains which typed 99.5% of 114 test cultures, has a high degree of discrimination (10 patterns encompass 50% of the test strains), and provides 62.3% reproducibility of the same typing pattern in duplicate tests done on different days. The G-F set of indicator strains provides slightly higher percentages of typable cultures than either of the other two sets, has greater discriminatory capability, and is more reproducible than they are. We recommend that the G-F set of indicator strains be used instead of the two other sets for pyocin typing of P. aeruginosa. We also tested a recently described overlay procedure for pyocin testing of P. aeruginosa and found it to be superior to previous methods in that it is easier to perform, it provides answers in only 24 h instead of 48 h, and it can be used to type mucoid strains (which previous techniques could not readily do). Thus, the application of numerical clustering algorithms and use of a revised typing procedure have produced an improved system for pyocin typing of P. aeruginosa. Similar procedures may be applicable to other typing systems.
Efficient T-Cell Surveillance of the CNS Requires Expression of the CXC Chemokine Receptor 3

T-cells play an important role in controlling viral infections inside the CNS. To study the role of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 in the migration and positioning of virus-specific effector T-cells within the brain, CXCR3-deficient mice were infected intracerebrally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Analysis of the induction phase of the antiviral CD8+ T-cell response did not reveal any immune defects in CXCR3-deficient mice. Yet, when mice were challenged with LCMV intracerebrally, most CXCR3-deficient mice survived the infection, whereas wild-type mice invariably died from CD8+ T-cell-mediated immunopathology. Quantitative analysis of the cellular infiltrate in CSF of infected mice revealed modest, if any, decrease in the number of mononuclear cells recruited to the meninges in the absence of CXCR3. However, immunohistological analysis disclosed a striking impairment of CD8+ T-cells from CXCR3-deficient mice to migrate from the meninges into the outer layers of the brain parenchyma despite similar localization of virus-infected target cells. Reconstitution of CXCR3-deficient mice with wild-type CD8+ T-cells completely restored susceptibility to LCMV-induced meningitis. Thus, taken together, our results strongly point to a critical role for CXCR3 in the positioning of effector T-cells at sites of viral inflammation in the brain.
Person Re-Identification by Support Vector Ranking

Solving the person re-identification problem involves matching observation s of individuals across disjoint camera views. The problem becomes particularly hard in a busy public scene as the number of possible matches is very high. This is further compounded by significant appearance changes due to varying lighting conditions, vie wing angles and body poses across camera views. To address this problem, existing approaches focus on extracting or learning discriminative features followed by template matching using a distance measure. The novelty of this work is that we reformulate the person reidentification problem as a ranking problem and learn a subspace where th e potential true match is given highest ranking rather than any direct distance measure. By doing so, we convert the person re-identification problem from an absolute scoring p roblem to a relative ranking problem. We further develop an novel Ensemble RankSVMto overcome the scalability limitation problem suffered by existing SVM-based ranking methods. This new model reduces significantly memory usage therefore is much more scalable, whilst maintaining high-level performance. We present extensive experiments to demonstrate the performance gain of the proposed ranking approach over existing template matching and classification models.
Composing Across Multiple Media

This is a qualitative case study of two students' composing processes as they developed a documentary video about the Dominican Republic in an urban, public middle school classroom. While using a digital video editing program, the students moved across multiple media (the Web, digital video, books, and writing), drawing semiotic resources from each as they did so. Using sociosemiotic and dialogic-intertextual theoretical frameworks, the author examines how the interface of the video editing program influenced the students' composing by making new types of semiotic resources available and new means of combining these resources. As they moved across these media in a nonlinear fashion, the students created an interactive context for composing that transcended the individual possibilities of each respective medium. This suggests that multimedial composing environments offer a rich intertextual landscape and unique ways of making meanings.
Teachers Choosing Rich Tasks

This article reports on the pioneering use in education of Discrete Choice Experiments (DCEs) to assess teachers’ decisions regarding deployment of rich tasks. The incorporation of this quantitative method into what is usually considered the domain of qualitative researchers is an innovative feature of this study. The DCEs enabled rigorous, reliable, and efficient investigation of the relationships between attributes of the complex environment in which teachers operate. The findings articulate the choices made by teachers related to rich task pedagogy, technology use, and other resources. Understanding the influences on these choices will inform the adoption and adaptation of productive technologies, improve dissemination of good practices, and enhance the design of digital technologies, resulting in better student learning outcomes.
Pictures for language learning

A richly illustrated and valuable guide to the role of pictures and other visual materials in language teaching. This book brings together a wealth of ideas on how to use pictures in a wide range of language learning situations. It discusses the contribution visuals can make to all the classroom settings in providing real opportunities for students to communicate, whether they are working as a class, in groups or in pairs. There are then over 200 practical suggestions for picture-generated language work. They make use of visual materials which are readily available to teachers anywhere, or easy-to-copy illustrations. The activities can be integrated into all stages of the language teaching process and advice is given on how to adapt the ideas to suit different teaching environments. The book ends with advice on setting up a picture library, including how to find visuals, how to categorise pictures, and storage methods.
Short and long term outcomes following partial exchange transfusion in the polycythaemic newborn: a systematic review

Background: Severe polycythaemia in the neonate may produce symptoms due to hyperviscosity and may be associated with serious complications. Partial exchange transfusion will reduce the packed cell volume. Objective: To determine whether partial exchange transfusion in term infants with polycythaemia (symptomatic and asymptomatic) is associated with improved short and long term outcomes. Search strategy: Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register of the Cochrane Library were searched. The following keywords were used: polycythaemia, partial exchange transfusion, hyperviscosity, and limited to the newborn. This covered years 1966–2004. Abstracts of the Pediatric Academic Societies and personal files were also searched. Selection criteria: Randomised or quasi-randomised trials in term infants with polycythaemia and/or documented hyperviscosity were considered. Clinically relevant outcomes included were short term (resolution of symptoms, neurobehavioural scores, major complications) and long term neurodevelopmental outcome. Data collection and analysis: All data for each study were extracted, assessed, and coded separately. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion. Main results: Six studies were identified; five had data that could be evaluated for analysis. There is no evidence of an improvement in long term neurological outcome (mental developmental index, incidence of mental delay, and incidence of neurological diagnoses) after partial exchange transfusion in symptomatic or asymptomatic infants. There is no evidence of improvement in early neurobehavioural assessment scores (Brazelton neonatal behavioural assessment scale). Partial exchange transfusion may be associated with an earlier improvement in symptoms, but there are insufficient data to calculate the size of the effect. Necrotising enterocolitis is probably increased by partial exchange transfusion (relative risk 8.68, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 71.1). Conclusion: There is no evidence of long term benefit from partial exchange in polycythaemic infants, and the incidence of gastrointestinal injury is increased. The long term outcome is more likely to be related to the underlying cause of polycythaemia.