Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual training and employees’ cooperative behavior: Evidence from a contextualized laboratory experiment

Employers are constantly seeking to improve employee performance by means of investing in employee training. The results of training are to a large extent dependent on employees’ willingness to behave productively in a cooperative manner. Yet, systematic evidence investigating the causal relation between training and employees’ cooperative behavior is rare. Here, we present results from a contextualized laboratory experiment in which subjects, who differ in terms of training participation, were asked to contribute resources to a team effort. We conclude that training promotes cooperative behavior, that is, voluntary contributions made to the team effort, in teams of employees working together for short periods of time. Training enhances cooperative behavior the most when provided to the higher skilled subjects. We also find that members in more stable teams act very cooperatively under all conditions, but their contributions do not increase further with training.
“But Why Do We Need the Bomber to be Studying for a Science Test?”: Racialized Arab Femininities and Masculinities

In order to understand the schooling experiences of Saudi students and their families across gender and age in the U.S., this article draws on a multi-sited, multi-age ethnographic study with an Arab family from Saudi Arabia living in the Midwestern region of the United States. Through this study, I empirically illustrate the impact of gendered racialization of Arab femininities and masculinities in educational settings through the stories of Sarah, a 40-year-old undergraduate student, and her 14-year-old son, Ayman. The results of this study highlight the ways these gendered racialized experiences differ based onage and gender as well ashow the participants respond to them. The discussion and implications sections focus on the importance of exposing the hierarchies of violence of complicit anti-Arab racisms as well as areas for improvement for school administrators, policymakers, and teacher education programs.
Creating Shared Understanding in Heterogeneous Work Groups: Why It Matters and How to Achieve It

Shared understanding has been claimed to be crucial for effective collaboration of researchers and practitioners. Heterogeneity in work groups further strengthens the challenge of integrating understanding among diverse group members. Nevertheless, shared understanding and especially its formation are largely unexplored. After conceptualizing shared understanding, we apply collaboration engineering to derive a validated collaboration process module (compound thinkLet "MindMerger") to systematically support heterogeneous work groups in building shared understanding. We conduct a large-scale action research study at a German car manufacturing company. The evaluation indicates that with the use of MindMerger, team learning behaviors occur, and shared understanding of the tasks in complex work processes increases among experienced diverse tool and dye makers. Thus, the validated compound thinkLet MindMerger provides designers of collaborative work practices with a reusable module of activities to solve clarification issues in group work early on. Furthermore, findings from the field study contribute to the conceptualization of the largely unexplored phenomenon of shared understanding and its formation.
Pejorative phrases or innocent idioms? Exploring terms used by tomorrow’s doctors in relation to older people

ABSTRACT Older people are the “core business” for 21st century hospitals. Of concern, therefore, is negative stereotyping of older people by medical students. Through a bespoke teaching session for final-year medical students, we aimed to deconstruct the phraseology they employed in relation to older people and to drive attitudinal change among students. This study also aimed to discern whether there was a detectable difference in attitudes toward older people after the session. Forty-seven medical students participated. Students recorded in a “word-cloud” terms they associated with older people in hospital before and after the session. The University of California Los Angeles Geriatrics Attitude Scale (UCLA-GAS) was administered for pre-session. The intervention students, along with a control group, completed this instrument at the end of their placement. Content analysis of word cloud data was performed—an iterative, transparent, structured approach to analysis, along with external critique of findings and collaborative triangulation ensured rigor of analysis. Qualitative analysis demonstrated the use of pejorative and sometimes nihilistic terms. There were evidence of growing appreciation of the inherent complexity of caring for older people and increasing awareness of how healthcare systems can be challenging for older people. Quantitative analysis revealed that there is no statistical difference neither between the UCLA-GAS pre- and post-teaching nor the intervention and control groups. In conclusion, a bespoke educational intervention, designed to promote student reflection on their views toward older people in hospital, can be a catalyst to challenging superficial and stereotypical views.
Holographic dual of cold trapped fermions

We study cold fermionic atoms using the holographic principle. We note that current atomic experiments with massive fermions trapped in a harmonic potential in the unitarity limit behave as massless fermions thanks to the Thomas-Fermi approximation. We map the thermodynamics of strongly correlated massless fermion to that of the charged black hole and study the thermodynamics and transport properties of cold fermions at strong coupling at finite temperature and density. In cold limit, the specific heat of charged black hole is linear in T independent of the dimensionality, which is reminiscent of Fermi liquids. The shear viscosity per particle is shown to be finite as a consequence of the non-vanishing of the entropy. We show that our holographic results compare favorably with most of the current atomic data.
Phenology and Seed Yield Performance of Determinate Soybean Cultivars Grown at Elevated Temperatures in a Temperate Region

Increased temperature means and fluctuations associated with climate change are predicted to exert profound effects on the seed yield of soybean. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the impacts of global warming on the phenology and yield of two determinate soybean cultivars in a temperate region (37.27°N, 126.99°E; Suwon, South Korea). These two soybean cultivars, Sinpaldalkong [maturity group (MG) IV] and Daewonkong (MG VI), were cultured on various sowing dates within a four-year period, under no water-stress conditions. Soybeans were kept in greenhouses controlled at the current ambient temperature (AT), AT+1.5°C, AT+3.0°C, and AT+5.0°C throughout the growth periods. Growth periods (VE–R7) were significantly prolonged by the elevated temperatures, especially the R1–R5 period. Cultivars exhibited no significant differences in seed yield at the AT+1.5°C and AT+3.0°C treatments, compared to AT, while a significant yield reduction was observed at the AT+5.0°C treatment. Yield reductions resulted from limited seed number, which was due to an overall low numbers of pods and seeds per pod. Heat stress conditions induced a decrease in pod number to a greater degree than in seed number per pod. Individual seed weight exhibited no significant variation among temperature elevation treatments; thus, seed weight likely had negligible impacts on overall seed yield. A boundary line analysis (using quantile regression) estimated optimum temperatures for seed number at 26.4 to 26.8°C (VE–R5) for both cultivars; the optimum temperatures (R5–R7) for single seed weight were estimated at 25.2°C for the Sinpaldalkong smaller-seeded cultivar, and at 22.3°C for the Daewonkong larger-seeded cultivar. The optimum growing season (VE–R7) temperatures for seed yield, which were estimated by combining the two boundary lines for seed number and seed weight, were 26.4 and 25.0°C for the Sinpaldalkong and Daewonkong cultivars, respectively. Considering the current soybean growing season temperature, which ranges from 21.7 (in the north) to 24.6°C (in the south) in South Korea, and the temperature response of potential soybean yields, further warming of less than approximately 1°C would not become a critical limiting factor for soybean production in South Korea.
A Case-Based Approach to Spam Filtering that Can Track Concept Drift

There are a few key benefits of a case-based approach to spam filtering. First, the many different sub-types of spam suggest that a local learner, such as Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) will perform well. Second, the lazy approach to learning in CBR allows for easy updating as new types of spam arrive. Third, the case-based approach to spam filtering allows for the sharing of cases and thus a sharing of the effort of labeling email as spam. In this paper we introduce a case-based approach to spam filtering and present preliminary evidence of the first two of these advantages.
An Online Algorithm for Learning a Labeling of a Graph

This short report analyses a simple and intuitive online learning algorithm termed the graphtron for learning a labeling over a fixed graph, given a sequence of labels. The contribution is twofold, (a) we give a theoretical characterization of the possible sequence of mistakes, and (b) we indicate the use for extremely large-scale problems due to sublinear space complexity and nearly linear time complexity. This work originated from numerous discussions with John, Mark and with Johan.
THE LAST EIGHT-BILLION YEARS OF INTERGALACTIC Si iv EVOLUTION

We identified 24 Si iv absorption systems with z ≲ 1 from a blind survey of 49 low-redshift quasars with archival Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet spectra. We relied solely on the characteristic wavelength separation of the doublet to automatically detect candidates. After visual inspection, we defined a sample of 20 definite (group G = 1) and 4 “highly likely” (G = 2) doublets with rest equivalent widths Wr for both lines detected at . The absorber line density of the G = 1 doublets was for log N(Si+3)>12.9. The best-fit power law to the G = 1 frequency distribution of column densities f(N(Si+3)) had normalization k = (1.2+0.5−0.4) × 10−14 cm2 and slope αN = −1.6+0.3−0.3. Using the power-law model of f(N(Si+3)), we measured the Si+3 mass density relative to the critical density: for 13 ⩽ log N(Si+3) ⩽ 15. From Monte Carlo sampling of the distributions, we estimated our value to be a factor of 4.8+3.0−1.9 higher than the 2 ⩽ z ⩽ 4.5 . From a simple linear fit to over the age of the universe, we estimated a slow and steady increase from z = 5.5 → 0 with . We compared our ionic ratios to a 2 < z < 4.5 sample and concluded, from survival analysis, that the two populations are similar, with median .
Human Resource Management, Strategy and Operational Performance in the Spanish Manufacturing Industry

In recent years companies have begun to implement a series of human resource management (HRM) practices that are referred to in the literature as high-performance or high-commitment. Among others these practices include employee involvement, training and organisational incentive plans. In this study we attempt to determine how and to what extent the adoption of this type of practices affects the firm’s performance record. We focus specifically on the impact HRM has on operational performance. Moreover, we test if the impact of highcommitment practices on firm performance is contingent on the strategy followed by the firm. We try to detect possible differences in the relationship between HRM and the different kinds of operational results (efficiency, quality, and time). For this aim we use a database covering an initial sample of 965 factories each with a workforce of over 50 employees. We begin with a review of the literature before going on to present the descriptive statistics for the variables to be used and, finally, testing the relationship between HRM and operational performance through the estimation of several ordered probit models. Our results reveal the presence of a positive, statistically significant correlation between the adoption of high-commitment practices and improvements in quality and time-based performance. We also find that this effect is universal and not dependent on the strategy used by the firm.
Assessment for Learning in Physical Education: The What, Why and How

Assessment in physical education has undergone significant changes since in the 1990s. Teachers now place less emphasis on fitness test scores and dressing out, and more on skills and knowledge according to SHAPE America's National Standards for K–12 Physical Education. More teachers are looking into formative assessments, rather than a summative score. “Formative assessment” and “assessment for learning” are terms that are usually used synonymously. However, some writers distinguished between these two terms and argued that they served different purposes. Regardless, formative assessment and assessment for learning have been shown to have a positive impact on teaching and learning. This article clarifies the terms and purposes of formative assessment and assessment for learning, provides examples of various types of formative assessment and assessment for learning activities in physical education, and explains why teachers should include them as part of their physical education instruction.
Models of computation and languages for embedded system design

Models of computation (MoC) are reviewed and organised with respect to the time abstraction they use. Continuous time, discrete time, synchronous and untimed MoCs are distinguished. System level models serve a variety of objectives with partially contradicting requirements. Consequently, it is argued that different MoCs are necessary for the various tasks and phases in the design of an embedded system. Moreover, different MoCs have to be integrated to provide a coherent system modelling and analysis environment. The relation between some popular languages and the reviewed MoCs is discussed to find that a given MoC is offered by many languages and a single language can support multiple MoCs. It is contended that it is of importance for the quality of tools and overall design productivity, which abstraction levels and which primitive operators are provided in a language. However, it is observed that there are various flexible ways to do this, e.g. by way of heterogeneous frameworks, coordination languages and embedding of different MoCs in the same language.
Genetic Diversity and Balancing Selection within the Human Phenylalanine Hydroxylase (PAH) Gene Region in Iranian Population

Background: Genetic diversity of three polymorphic markers in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene region including PvuII (a), PAHSTR and MspI were investigated. Methods: Unrelated individuals (n=139) from the Iranian populations were genotyped using primers specific to PAH gene markers including PvuII(a), MspI and PAHSTR. The amplified products for PvuII(a), MspI were digested using the appropriate restriction enzymes and separated on 1.5% agarose. The PAHSTR alleles were identified using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. The exact size of the STR alleles was determined by sequencing. The allele frequency and population status of the alleles were estimated using PHASE, FBAT and GENEPOP software. Results: The estimated degree of heterozygosity for PAHSTR, MspI and PvuII (a) was 66%, 56% and 58%, respectively. The haplotype estimation analysis of the markers resulted in nine informative haplotypes with frequencies ≥5%. Moreover, the results obtained from Ewens-Watterson test for neutrality suggested that the markers were under balancing selection in the Iranian population. Conclusion: These findings suggested the presence of genetic diversity at these three markers in the PAH gene region. Therefore, the markers could be considered as functional markers for linkage analysis of the PAH gene mutations in the Iranian families with the PKU disease.
Ultra High Performance Self Compacting Concrete

Experiences in the development of Ultra High Performance Concrete found a very high flowability in concrete with low water powder ratio. Because of the high viscosity of the cement paste, compaction was necessary. To improve the compaction characteristics of the concrete the idea of adding coarse aggregate was developed. The first tests showed a good workability of the fresh concrete and a good self compacting ability. The interest in reducing costs while improving workability, shrinkage tendency and the modulus of elasticity was leading to the results in this paper.
Temporal properties of inferior colliculus neurons to photonic stimulation in the cochlea

Infrared neural stimulation (INS) may be beneficial in auditory prostheses because of its spatially selective activation of spiral ganglion neurons. However, the response properties of single auditory neurons to INS and the possible contributions of its optoacoustic effects are yet to be examined. In this study, the temporal properties of auditory neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) of guinea pigs in response to INS were characterized. Spatial selectivity of INS was observed along the tonotopically organized ICC. Trains of laser pulses and trains of acoustic clicks were used to evoke single unit responses in ICC of normal hearing animals. In response to INS, ICC neurons showed lower limiting rates, longer latencies, and lower firing efficiencies. In deaf animals, ICC neurons could still be stimulated by INS while unresponsive to acoustic stimulation. The site and spatial selectivity of INS both likely shaped the temporal properties of ICC neurons.
Differences in diversity of corticolous lichens between interior and edge of the Monte Barranca semi-deciduous forest, Santiago de Cuba

Abstract The epiphytic lichen flora in the semi-deciduous forest of Monte Barranca, Santiago de Cuba differs between the edge and interior due to differences in light levels. Four transects of 50 m were establish: two on the edge and two on the interior. Sixty randomly-chosen trees were surveyed, fifteen trees in each transect. The trees were sampled from the ground to two meters in height. Seventy-four corticolous lichen species were recorded, including 51 newly recorded for Cuba. Reproductive strategies were as varied for those lichens on the edge of the forest as for those in the interior, but most of the species were reproducing sexually. Porina distans, a generalist species, is highly adapted to the Monte Barranca semi-deciduous forest.
Outer Jet X-Ray and Radio Emission in R Aquarii: 1999.8 to 2004.0

Chandra and VLA observations of the symbiotic star R Aqr in 2004 reveal significant changes over the 3-4 year interval between these observations and previous observations taken in with the VLA in 1999 and with Chandra in 2000. This paper reports on the evolution of the outer thermal X-ray lobe jets and radio jets. The emission from the outer X-ray lobe jets lies farther away from the central binary than the outer radio jets and comes from material interpreted as being shock-heated to ≃106 K, a likely result of collision between high-speed material ejected from the central binary and regions of enhanced gas density. Between 2000 and 2004, the northeast (NE) outer X-ray lobe jet moved out, away from the central binary, with an apparent projected motion of ≃580 km s-1. The southwest (SW) outer X-ray lobe jet almost disappeared between 2000 and 2004, presumably due to adiabatic expansion and cooling. The NE radio-bright spot also moved away from the central binary between 2000 and 2004, but with a smaller apparent velocity than the NE X-ray-bright spot. The SW outer lobe jet was not detected in the radio in either 1999 or 2004. The density and mass of the X-ray-emitting material is estimated. Cooling times, shock speeds, pressure, and confinement are discussed.
Decoding Delay Controlled Reduction of Completion Time in Instantly Decodable Network Coding

For several years, the completion time and the decoding delay problems in Instantly Decodable Network Coding (IDNC) were considered separately and were thought to completely act against each other. Recently, some works aimed to balance the effects of these two important IDNC metrics but none of them studied a further optimization of one by controlling the other. In this paper, we study the effect of controlling the decoding delay to reduce the completion time below its currently best known solution in persistent erasure channels. We first derive the decoding-delay-dependent expressions of the users' and overall completion times. Although using such expressions to find the optimal overall completion time is NP-hard, we design two novel heuristics that minimizes the probability of increasing the maximum of these decoding-delay-dependent completion time expressions after each transmission through a layered control of their decoding delays. We, then, extend our study to the limited feedback scenario. Simulation results show that our new algorithms achieves both a lower mean completion time and mean decoding delay compared to the best known heuristic for completion time reduction. The gap in performance becomes significant for harsh erasure scenarios.
Hubungan peran kepala sekolah dan sikap terhadap profesi guru dengan prestasi kerja guru SMA negeri di kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara peran kepala sekolah dan sikap terhadap profesi guru dengan prestasi kerja guru SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif, dengan populasi adalah semua guru SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan yang berjumlah 278 orang yang tersebar di 7 (tujuh) SMA Negeri. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampel random sampling,. Jumlah sampel yang diambil 152 orang guru sebagai responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) ada hubungan yang signifikan antara peran kepala sekolah dengan prestasi kerja guru SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan, (2) ada hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap terhadap profesi guru dengan prestasi kerja guru SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan, Secara bersama-sama terdapat hubungan antara peran kepala sekolah dan sikap terhadap profesi guru dengan prestasi kerja guru SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan. Disarankan: Peran kepala sekolah dan sikap terhadap profesi guru dapat lebih ditingkatkan dengan pengembangan prestasi kerja guru. Kepada peneliti selanjutnya dibidang ini disarankan untuk melakukan penelitian yang serupa pada objek yang berbeda dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan kajian teoritis yang lain.
ABHD17 proteins are novel protein depalmitoylases that regulate N-Ras palmitate turnover and subcellular localization

Dynamic changes in protein S-palmitoylation are critical for regulating protein localization and signaling. Only two enzymes - the acyl-protein thioesterases APT1 and APT2 – are known to catalyze palmitate removal from cytosolic cysteine residues. It is unclear if these enzymes act constitutively on all palmitoylated proteins, or if additional depalmitoylases exist. Using a dual pulse-chase strategy comparing palmitate and protein half-lives, we found knockdown or inhibition of APT1 and APT2 blocked depalmitoylation of Huntingtin, but did not affect palmitate turnover on postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) or N-Ras. We used activity profiling to identify novel serine hydrolase targets of the APT1/2 inhibitor Palmostatin B, and discovered that a family of uncharacterized ABHD17 proteins can accelerate palmitate turnover on PSD95 and N-Ras. ABHD17 catalytic activity is required for N-Ras depalmitoylation and re-localization to internal cellular membranes. Our findings indicate that the family of depalmitoylation enzymes may be substantially broader than previously believed. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.11306. 001