Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘Talking it Out’: Deliberation with Others Versus Deliberation Within

This paper uses a psychological theory of reasoning – the argumentative theory of reasoning – to support the normative appeal of the dialogical version of democratic deliberation at the heart of the deliberative democracy ideal. We use the argumentative theory of reasoning to defend democratic deliberation against two types of critique. Our main target is Goodin and Niemeyer’s claim that deliberation within rather than deliberation with others does most of the work in terms of changing people’s minds. We argue, on the contrary, that if the argumentative theory of reasoning is right that the normal context of reasoning is an exchange of arguments among differently-minded people, then it is more likely that talking things out with others, rather than thinking alone, will have epistemic and/or transformative properties. Our secondary target is Cass Sunstein’s claim that the phenomenon of “group polarization” noted to afflict groups of like-minded people casts serious doubts as to the epistemic properties of democratic deliberation. Against Sunstein, the argumentative theory of reasoning predicts that it is only groups of individuals that fail to deliberate properly that are likely to polarize. Where the normal conditions of reasoning are satisfied, dialogical deliberation of the kind favored by most deliberative democrats is likely to have epistemic and transformative properties.
Effectiveness of the GOFER course in decision making for high school students

The paper describes and evaluates the GOFER course in decision making for high school students (Mann, Harmoni and Power, 1988). The course was based on principles from the conflict theory of decision making (Janis and Mann, 1977) and was designed to provide adolescents with an understanding of factors that produce good and poor decision making as well as knowledge and practice of sound decision skills. Two evaluation studies were conducted to examine effectiveness of the course. Study 1 was conducted with young adolescents (12 year olds). It found a significant difference between students trained in the course and a control group on measures of self-esteem as a decision maker, self reported decision habits and knowledge of decision strategy. Study 2 was conducted with mid-adolescents (15 year olds). It, too, found a significant difference between students who took the course and a control group on measures of self esteem as a decision maker and self-reported decision habits. It is concluded that while the evaluation study fell short of an ideal test, the GOFER course met the criteria of improving student knowledge, raising confidence in decision making and changing self reported decision habits.
Relationship quality, divorce, and well-being: Findings from a three-year longitudinal study

Recent studies indicate that divorce sometimes is positive for subjective well-being, but we lack knowledge about the circumstances under which this is the case. Further, we lack knowledge about the possible different associations between divorce and life satisfaction (LS) vs. positive affect (PA). The current study is based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Change in LS and PA over a three-year period was examined in women who divorced and women who did not divorce (N > 37,000). Relationship quality and relationship status at follow-up were included in the models. The results indicated that divorce predicted higher LS and PA when initial relationship quality was poor. Furthermore, divorce predicted higher PA for women who, after divorce, reported being in a new romantic relationship. The associations between relationship quality and LS and PA were stronger among not-divorced than divorced women, indicating that relationship quality affects LS and PA.
Mayo's Older Americans Normative Studies: Utility of corrections for age and education for the WAIS-R

Abstract Normative data to correct Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-R (WAIS-R) subtest and Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale scores for education obtained from a sample of 526 Caucasians 55 to 97 years of age are presented. This study builds on a prior study which offered normative data to correct for age in the same sample. Regression analyses and examination of normative data tables illustrate the clinical utility of correcting WAIS-R measures for both age and education. The stronger relationship of education with verbal measures of remote memory (i.e., Vocabulary, Information) than with measures of novel visuospatial problem-solving (i.e., Block Design, Object Assembly) suggests that higher intelligence test performance by more educated individuals is at least partially due to greater exposure to information sampled by some intelligence measures. Regression analyses indicate that corrections for sex for the WAIS-R are unnecessary in clinical practice.
Effective and ineffective support: How different sources of support buffer the short– and long–term effects of a working day

Models of job stress suggest a causal process whereby exposure to job stressors increases employees' need for recovery, which in turn has an impact on subjective health complaints (e.g., Sluiter, van der Beek, & Frings-Dresen, 1999). The current study advances past research by investigating the association between need for recovery and health-related behavioural responses (i.e., sickness absence) and the variables likely to account for this association. Results from a sample of 241 employees in a state-owned manufacturing firm in China show that coworker support, but not supervisor support, attenuates the relationship between need for recovery and sickness absence, and that somatic symptoms partially mediate this relationship. Moderated mediation analyses further reveal that coworker support, but not supervisor support, moderates the association between need for recovery and somatic symptoms. In contrast, supervisor support, but not coworker support, was found to moderate the effect of somatic symptoms on sick leaves.
Turkish high school students' biology achievement in relation to academic self-regulation

This study aimed at investigating the contribution of motivational beliefs, cognitive, and metacognitive strategy use to Turkish high school students' achievement in biology. In order to investigate the specified purpose of the study, 519 tenth-grade students were administered the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich, Smith, Garcia, & McKeachie, 1991) and a Biology Achievement Test developed by the researchers. Results of multiple linear regression analyses showed that extrinsic goal orientation, task value, rehearsal strategy use, organization strategy use, management of time and study environment, and peer learning contributed significantly to the prediction of achievement scores.
Perspectives on Syllables, Stress, and Interactions in Speech Perception: Experimental and Connectionist Approaches

This dissertation includes three series of experiments and a review of connectionist models in the area of speech perception. The issues of concern in the experimental sections are (a) the importance of word onsets and stressed syllables for lexical activation, (b) the role of syllabic structure in the online perception of English, and (c) whether processing at the lexical and pragmatic levels can innuence phonetic processing. Using cross-modal priming methods, the informational value of the speech signal for lexical activation was found not to diier between portions of speech diiering in lexical stress or in word-onset status. These results were accounted for by a connectionist model of adaptive phonetic processing, without the need for special mechanisms to direct processing. Using an attentional allocation paradigm (Pallier et al., J Mem Lang 32:373, 1993), syllabic structure was found to aaect response times to phonemes depending on the frequency of syllabic types in the stimulus list. The ndings were explained in terms of facilitation of processing of the stimuli with the most frequent syllabic structure, again in a connectionist framework of adaptive distributed phonetic processing. In another series of experiments, the eeect of compensation for coarticulation (Mann & Repp, J Acoust Soc Am 69(2):548, 1981) was replicated using natural speech with LPC-resynthesized portions, and was found to depend on the vowel preceding the fricative consonant. The extension of the eeect to \lexically restored phonemes" (Elman & McClelland, J Mem Lang 27:143, 1988) failed to replicatee in fact, an eeect in the opposite direction was obtained, which w as attributed to overly careful pronunciation of the speech used to construct the stimuli. The recent appeal of connectionism has led to a substantial bodyof work in speech perception modeling. Following a brief presentation of the key issues, and a general motivation of connectionist modeling, several approaches to speech perception modeling are reviewed, including TRACE, Adap-tive Resonance Theory, and the Elman/Norris recurrent networks, among others. It is concluded that a self-organizing, interactive, multi-level network, utilizing adaptive distributed processing, is needed to account for the results of the experiments presented herein and those in the literature. Vita Athanassios Protopapas was born in 1969 in Athens, Greece, and grew up in nearby Vyronas. In 1986 he entered the Dept. of Physics at the University o f P atras, where he completed his B.S. degree in 1991, having worked on digital speech processing and coding. He then went to …
Low-dimensional representations of shaded surfaces under varying illumination

The aim of this paper is to find the best representation for the appearance of surfaces with Lambertian reflectance under varying illumination. Previous work using principal component analysis (PCA) found the best sub-space to represent all images of an object under a varying point light source. We extend this to images from any illumination distribution. Specifically we calculate the bases for all configurations of a point plus ambient light source and two point light sources, as well as from a database of captured real world illumination. We also reformulate the optimization criterion used in PCA. The resulting basis, we believe has higher representability and is better for analyzing images of shaded objects. The different bases are compared on a database of images to test the representability.
A Study of Cognitive Demands in Listening to Mozart's Quintet for Piano and Wind Instruments, K.452

The objective of the paper is to study complexity in the music of Mozart. A scheme of modelling the cognitive representation of music is proposed, based on the theories of Schenker and Komar. The hierarchical structures of these theories are expressed as networks of elaborations. Such networks are produced for each phrase of the exposition of the allegro moderato of Mozart's quintet K.452. The number of elaborations in each network is found to be constrained to a limited range, and when plotted against the number of notes in each phrase a weak negative correlation is found. This is taken as evidence that the cognitive demand on the listener is maintained at a more or less constant level throughout the movement. Complications concerning recurrent material and different tempi are discussed.
Gender expectations and on-line evaluations of teaching: evidence from RateMyProfessors.com

Using publicly available data from RateMyProfessors.com, we explore whether an instructor's gender influences how students rate that instructor. Although RateMyProfessors.com may not accurately reflect quality teaching, it provides a unique window into how students construct their classroom experiences. Multiple regression analyses of 500 professors from five public universities in the state of Florida fail to reveal significant gender differences in ratings of ‘overall quality’. Using more complex models, we test the hypothesis that female instructors are rated more positively when they display traditionally female traits, namely teaching in a traditionally female field and offering courses that are perceived as easier. Contrary to our expectations, our analyses fail to reveal the use of a gendered yardstick in quantitative evaluations of college instructors. Instead, perceptions of ease appear to be the great equalizer within this on-line context.
Convex array vector velocity imaging using transverse oscillation and its optimization

A method for obtaining vector flow images using the transverse oscillation (TO) approach on a convex array is presented. The paper presents optimization schemes for TO fields and evaluates their performance using simulations and measurements with an experimental scanner. A 3-MHz 192-element convex array probe (pitch 0.33 mm) is used in both simulations and measurements. A parabolic velocity profile is simulated at a beam-to-flow angle of 90°. The optimization routine changes the lateral oscillation period λx as a function of depth to yield the best possible estimates based on the energy ratio between positive and negative spatial frequencies in the ultrasound field. The energy ratio is reduced from -17.1 dB to -22.1 dB. Parabolic profiles are estimated on simulated data using 16 emissions. The optimization gives a reduction in standard deviation from 8.81% to 7.4% for 16 emissions, with a reduction in lateral velocity bias from -15.93% to 0.78% at 90° (transverse flow) at a depth of 40 mm. Measurements have been performed using the experimental ultrasound scanner and a convex array transducer. A bias of -0.93% was obtained at 87° for a parabolic velocity profile along with a standard deviation of 6.37%. The livers of two healthy volunteers were scanned using the experimental setup. The in vivo images demonstrate that the method yields realistic estimates with a consistent angle and mean velocity across three heart cycles.
Size doesn't matter: emotional content does not determine the size of objects in children's drawings

Abstract In Experiment 1 we examined whether children spontaneously alter the size of objects in their drawings of emotionally-laden events. To do this, we evaluated children's drawings of their own personal, past experiences. Children were asked to draw a picture of an event that had made them happy and an event that had made them sad. We found no differences in the size of object that children drew in their positive and negative emotional events. In Experiment 2, we asked adults with and without clinical training to discriminate children's drawings of happy events from their drawings of sad events. There was no difference in the accuracy of raters as a function of clinical expertise. Moreover, performance for both groups was at chance when we removed drawings with specific emotional indicators from the set (e.g. smiles or tears). We conclude that the emotional interpretation of drawings on the basis of the size of objects in that drawing is fraught with difficulty. We question the projective use of drawings in forensic and clinical practice.
Continuing Professional Development: Accountability, Autonomy, Efficiency and Equity in Five Professions

ABSTRACT We examine the influence of neo-liberalism in re-shaping the accountability of five professional groups (accountants, solicitors, social workers, nurses and doctors) and its consequence for their CPD policies. Documentary analysis and Quarterly Labour Force Survey data (n=31,260) from the 1990s to the present are integrated in a comparative method which examines whether changes are specific to a profession or represent more general patterns. Using complementary theories from neo-liberal economics and the sociology of professionalism, we show how regulatory oversight has altered accountabilities. Its consequences for the autonomy of professions and individuals in determining CPD requirements differ amongst the five groups, mediated by status, public concern, regulator activism and, possibly, alignment with the financial sector. Efficiency and equity are analysed using theories of professional learning and human capital. Wider economic conditions influence the incidence of CPD with recent years showing declining participation; we also show changes in ‘what counts’ as CPD and its greater integration with performance management. Findings on selected equity criteria are also reported. Some regulators are becoming more specific about the content of CPD, while others are defining what constitutes good practice and requiring its use in planning CPD. Greater attention is being given to issues of ethics and probity.
Urban Adolescents' Transition to Junior High School and Protective Family Transactions

This study explored the role of perceived family transactions of daily hassles, social support, and involvement with family in leisure activities in a sample of racially and ethnically diverse urban adolescents living in poverty as they made the transition to junior high school. Adolescents who perceived fewer daily hassles and more involvement with their families prior to the transition to junior high school appeared less vulnerable to declines in scores of self-esteem. In addition, adolescents who perceived fewer daily hassles also appeared to have fewer declines in preparedness for class. Social support moderated the effect of daily hassles on preparation for class: Under conditions of high hassles and high support, adolescents were most vulnerable to decrements in class preparation, whereas adolescents who perceived low hassles and high support were highest in class preparation. Implications for further research and interventions are discussed.
The Role of Individual Difference in Judging Expressiveness of Computer-Assisted Music Performances by Experts

Computational systems for generating expressive musical performances have been studied for several decades now. These models are generally evaluated by comparing their predictions with actual performances, both from a performance parameter and a subjective point of view, often focusing on very specific aspects of the model. However, little is known about how listeners evaluate the generated performances and what factors influence their judgement and appreciation. In this article, we present two studies, conducted during two dedicated workshops, to start understanding how the audience judges entire performances employing different approaches to generating musical expression. In the preliminary study, 40 participants completed a questionnaire in response to five different computer-generated and computer-assisted performances, rating preference and describing the expressiveness of the performances. In the second, “GATM” (Gruppo di Analisi e Teoria Musicale) study, 23 participants also completed the Music Cognitive Style questionnaire. Results indicated that music systemizers tend to describe musical expression in terms of the formal aspects of the music, and music empathizers tend to report expressiveness in terms of emotions and characters. However, high systemizers did not differ from high empathizers in their mean preference score across the five pieces. We also concluded that listeners tend not to focus on the basic technical aspects of playing when judging computer-assisted and computer-generated performances. Implications for the significance of individual differences in judging musical expression are discussed.
1 EFFECTS OF MUSCIMOL INACTIVATIONS OF FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS IN MOTOR , 2 PREMOTOR AND POSTERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX ON COMPLEX MOVEMENTS 3 EVOKED BY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION 4 5 6

6 Iwona Stepniewska, Omar A Gharbawie, Mark J Burish and Jon H Kaas 7 8 Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203 9 10 11 12 Text pages: 35 13 Figures:14 14 15 16 17 18 19 Running title: muscimol inactivation of cortical motor domains 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Correspondence: 33 Iwona Stepniewska, PhD 34 Vanderbilt University, 35 Department of Psychology 36 Nashville, TN 37240 37 E-mail: iwona.stepniewska@vanderbilt.edu 38 39 40 Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (December 18, 2013). doi:10.1152/jn.00491. 2013
The radial artery and its variations: anatomical study and clinical implications.

BACKGROUND To describe the radial artery and its variants in origin, branching pattern, mode of termination, and measurements of its length and external diameter. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred upper limbs of 30 men and 20 women adult cadavers were used in this study. The cadavers were obtained from the Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The axillary region, arm, forearm, and hand of each limb were dissected to clarify the course and branches of the radial artery. This anatomical descriptive study was conducted between September 2010 and August 2012 after approval of the Ethical Committee. RESULTS The mean distance of the normal origin of the radial artery as one of two terminal branches of the brachial artery was 38.7 ± 9.5 mm in men and 36.5 ± 8.5 mm in the upper limbs of women below the intercondylar line, and variant origin of the radial artery was found in eight limbs. The mean of radial artery length was 226.2 ± 21.7 mm in men and 209.9 ± 13.9 mm in women and that of its external diameter was 3.3 ± 0.7 mm in men and 3.2 ± 0.66 mm in women at 1 cm distal to its origin; 3.1 ± 0.73 mm in men and 3.0 ± 0.66 in women at 2 cm proximal to the styloid process of the radius. The radial artery showed different branching patterns and three modes of termination. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of radial artery description and its variants has great importance in different clinical fields and basic medical studies.
Negotiation Process and out come of Stranger Dyads and Dating Couples: Do Lovers Lose?

This research assessed the influence of romantic involvement on the integrative bargaining of dating couples. The bargaining process and outcomes of 74 dating couples was compared with that of 32 mixed-sex stranger dyads. Romantic involvement was found to detract from the dyad's ability to discover mutually advantageous outcomes. Compared to stranger couples, dating couples had lower outcome aspirations, less frequently generated offers which facilitate the discovery of mutually beneficial outcomes, less frequently engaged in pressure (dominance) tactics, and more frequently exchanged information about profit values and priorities. It was argued that dating couples' concern for relationship maintenance decreased bargaining aspirations which in turn decreased their use of bargaining tactics which facilitate the discovery of high joint outcomes. Within dating couples analyses revealed some negative correlations between Rubin's Love Scale scores and both adaptive bargaining process utilization and outcome pr.