Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of RGS2 and Type V Adenylyl Cyclase Interaction Sites*

The production of cAMP is controlled on many levels, notably at the level of cAMP synthesis by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase. We have recently identified a new regulator of adenylyl cyclase activity, RGS2, which decreases cAMP accumulation when overexpressed in HEK293 cells and inhibits the in vitroactivity of types III, V, and VI adenylyl cyclase. In addition, RGS2 blocking antibodies lead to elevated cAMP levels in olfactory neurons. Here we examine the nature of the interaction between RGS2 and type V adenylyl cyclase. In HEK293 cells expressing type V adenylyl cyclase, RGS2 inhibited Gαs-Q227L- or β2-adrenergic receptor-stimulated cAMP accumulation. Deletion of the N-terminal 19 amino acids of RGS2 abolished its ability to inhibit cAMP accumulation and to bind adenylyl cyclase. Further mutational analysis indicated that neither the C terminus, RGS GAP activity, nor the RGS box domain is required for inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Alanine scanning of the N-terminal amino acids of RGS2 identified three residues responsible for the inhibitory function of RGS2. Furthermore, we show that RGS2 interacts directly with the C1 but not the C2domain of type V adenylyl cyclase and that the inhibition by RGS2 is independent of inhibition by Gαi. These results provide clear evidence for functional effects of RGS2 on adenylyl cyclase activity that adds a new dimension to an intricate signaling network.
Communications of the Association for Information Systems

The consumerization of information technology (IT) refers to consumer IT resources, such as laptops, smartphones, social media, or cloud storage, that are used for business purposes. The topic has engendered an ongoing debate among practitioners. However, a scientific approach has yet to be developed to understand the effects of IT consumerization on individual performance in the workplace. In this paper, we conduct an inductive empirical study on pilot projects in an industrial and a public sector organization. From these data, we derive key concepts and develop a theoretical framework that conceptualizes the relationship between IT consumerization and job performance. In particular, ownership and freedom of choice are interesting concepts to provide insights beyond what has already been investigated in previous research on IT-related job performance. Our findings lay the foundation for developing a substantive theory that is independent of our area of enquiry. Moreover, they show numerous connections to the body of information systems literature that sharpen our construct definitions and raise the theoretical level of the results. We outline potential avenues for future research on IT consumerization based on our study’s contributions.
General and Special Teachers' Perception of Learning Disabilities

This study was an effort to bring out a clear view of concept of learning disabilities by involving the educationists in the process. In simple words it can be said that learning difficulties refer to deficits in specific skill areas in comparison to expected levels of performance. The deficient skill areas involve basic academic subjects thought in expressive and receptive oral language. They are children who can’t learn by ordinary method of instruction but are not exceptional. Academic learning may not be the conditions significantly inhibit the process of learning to read, spell, write or compute arithmetically. These abilities show up children are in school and performing well below their academic potential. Main objectives of the study were: to investigate teacher’s perception of what constitute learning disabilities and what educational implications they have and to determine if there was a difference in general education teachers and special education teacher’s perception of disabilities. Ten null hypotheses were framed to investigate the perception of teachers about different aspects of learning disabilities. A sample of 300 teachers from special education public sector, 300 teachers from general education was the selected community. A five point likert type questionnaire was developed to investigate the perception about the learning disabilities. After piloting the final reliability of the instrument was 0.8143. Main findings showed that the concept of learning disabilities is perceived differently by the teachers of general education and that of special education. Teachers of special education had better perception of learning disabilities in children. In the same way special education teachers had better perception of characteristics of children with learning disabilities.
Family and the Risky Behaviors of High School Students

Background: Family plays an important role in helping adolescent acquiring skills or strengthening their characters. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the influences of family factors, risky and protective, on adolescent health-risk behavior (HRB). Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, students of high schools in Kerman, Iran at all levels participated, during November 2011 till December 2011. The research sample included 1024 students (588 females and 436 males) aged 15 to 19 years. A CTC (Communities That Care Youth Survey) questionnaire was designed in order to collect the profile of the students’ risky behaviors. Stratified cluster sampling method was used to collect the data. Results: Using logistic regression, 7 variables enrolled; 4 of them were risk factors and 3 were protective factors. The risk factors were age, (linear effect, ORa = 1.20, P = 0.001), boys versus girls (ORa = 2.33, P = 0.001), family history of antisocial behavior (ORa = 2.29, P = 0.001), and parental attitudes favorable toward antisocial behavior (ORa = 1.72, P = 0.03). And, protective factors were family religiosity (ORa = 0.65, P = 0.001), father education (linear effect, ORa = 0.48, P = 0.001), and family attachment (ORa = 0.78, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings showed that family has a very significant role in protecting students against risky behaviors. The education level of the father, family religiosity, and attachment were the most important factors.
Toward a better risk stratification for late antibody‐mediated rejection in ABO incompatible kidney recipients

During the last 25 years, increasing organ shortage enforced the development for living donor programs including ABO-incompatible (ABOi) renal transplantation, paired donor exchange program and transplantation across a positive cross-match. ABOi kidney transplantation has become a routine procedure with death-censored graft survival rates comparable to the rates in compatible transplantation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Social Construction of “Sophisticated” Adolescents

This study investigates the types of decision-making models that frame people-processing decisions. An analysis of the judicial waiver hearing will be used as an example of such institutional processing. I investigate how decision makers engage in practical reasoning by exploring the methods they use to organize information about youth and accomplish their judicial duties. Observational and interview data from a case study of three juvenile courthouses in a California county are used to investigate official case processing. The study offers three important theoretical insights for research in sociology and criminology; a revised theoretical framework for understanding juvenile justice decision making that incorporates criminal justice frameworks, an analysis of how substantive factors (e.g., values, stereotypes, assumptions) can enter into decision making, and an illustration of how decision making is organizationally situated.
Emotional maturity of medical students impacting their adult learning skills in a newly established public medical school at the east coast of Malaysian Peninsula

Emotional maturity (EM) is defined as the ability of an individual to respond to situations, control emotions, and behave in an adult manner when dealing with others. EM is associated with adult learning skill, which is an important aspect of professional development as stated in the principles of andragogy. These principles are basically a characteristic feature of adult learning, which is defined as “the entire range of formal, non-formal, and informal learning activities that are undertaken by adults after an initial education and training, which result in the acquisition of new knowledge and skills”. The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of EM on adult learning among Years I and II medical students of Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA). The study population included preclinical medical students of UniSZA from Years I and II of the academic session 2015/2016. The convenient sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data were collected using “EM scale” to evaluate emotional level and adult learning scale to assess the adult learning scores. Out of 120 questionnaires, only six response sheets were not complete and the remaining 114 (95%) were complete. Among the study participants, 23.7% (27) and 76.3% (87) were males and females, respectively. The data were then compiled and analyzed using SPSS Version 22. The Pearson’s correlation method was used to find the significance of their association. The results revealed a significant correlation between EM and adult learning scores (r=0.40, p<0.001). Thus, the study result supports the prediction, and based on the current findings, it can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between EM and adult learning and it has an effect on the students. Medical faculty members should give more emphasis on these aspects to produce health professionals. Henceforward, researchers can expect with optimism that the country will create more rational medical doctors.
Incidence of subclinical mastitis on the farms with various number of cows

The arithmetic mean of bulk milk SCC was 518 000 cells/ml indicating that the cows udder health was generally poor The geometric mean bulk milk SCC was 219 000 cells/ml. In the case of farmers possesing three or four cows as well as those with more than four cows a higher somatic cell count (SCC) compared to farmers possesing one or two cows (P<0.001) was ditected. One third of the farmers were delivering hygienically unsatisfactory milk with more than 400 000 cells/ml. By increasing the milk production per farm SCC and incidence of sub­ clinical mastitis per farm increased as well. Introduction of the SCC in the raw milk payment and proper preventive control will obstruct the SCC increment in the milk with the increased number of cows and milk production per farm.
Exploring malware behaviour for improvement of malware signatures

Malware signatures play an essential role in defence against malicious programs which were analysed by malware analysts and identified as a security threat. It is important to maintain such detection mechanisms which identify known malicious software on a victim's computer system. However, the problem is that occurrence of unknown malicious software increases and these threats are undetectable with current malware signatures. This weakness of signature-based detection lead us to searching for novel approach to the problem of malicious features representation which should be effective in detection of unknown, obfuscated or mutated malware. We focus on characteristic behaviour and other properties of malicious software that can be extracted by current analytic techniques and synthesised into malware behaviour description, or malware behavioural signature, independent from the binary representation of analysed program.
Salt sensitivity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): ions in reproductive tissues and yield components in contrasting genotypes.

The reproductive phase in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is affected by salinity, but little is known about the underlying cause. We investigated whether high concentrations of Na(+) and Cl(-) in the reproductive structures influence reproductive processes. Chickpea genotypes contrasting in tolerance were subjected to 0, 35 or 50 mm NaCl applied to soil in pots. Flower production and abortion, pod number, percentage of empty pods, seed number and size were evaluated. The concentrations of Na(+) , K(+) and Cl(-) were measured in various plant tissues and, using X-ray microanalysis, in specific cells of developing reproductive structures. Genotypic variation in reproductive success measured as seed yield in saline conditions was associated with better maintenance of flower production and higher numbers of filled pods (and thus seed number), whereas seed size decreased in all genotypes. Despite the variation in reproductive success, the accumulation of Na(+) and Cl(-) in the early reproductive tissues of developing pods did not differ between a tolerant (Genesis836) and a sensitive (Rupali) genotype. Similarly, salinity tolerance was not associated with the accumulation of salt ions in leaves at the time of reproduction or in seeds at maturity.
Duloxetine for the management of fibromyalgia syndrome

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a widespread pain condition associated with a wide range of additional symptoms including fatigue, insomnia, depression, anxiety and stiffness. Duloxetine is one of three medications currently FDA approved for use in FMS management. Duloxetine is a mixed serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that functions by increasing central nervous system levels of serotonin and norepinephrine. This review is a primer on use of duloxetine in FMS management and includes information on pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, a review of the three duloxetine FMS treatment trials currently in publication, a discussion of the safety and tolerability of duloxetine, and patient-focused perspectives on duloxetine use in FMS management. Duloxetine has proven efficacy in managing pain and mood symptoms in adult FMS patients with and without major depressive disorder. However, due to side effects, duloxetine must be used with caution in patients with fatigue, insomnia, gastrointestinal complaints, headache, cardiovascular disease, bleeding-risk, and in those 24 years of age and younger due to risk of suicidality. Duloxetine use should be avoided in patients with liver disease or alcoholics. As with all medications, duloxetine is best used as part of an individualized regimen that includes nonpharmacologic modalities of exercise, education and behavioral therapies.
Detailed exposure assessment for a molecular epidemiology study of benzene in two shoe factories in China.

OBJECTIVES We carried out a detailed exposure assessment of benzene and toluene in two shoe factories in Tianjin, China. Our goal was to identify workers with a broad range of benzene exposures, for an epidemiologic study relating exposure to early biologic effects. METHODS A comprehensive exposure survey program was initiated. Over a period of 16 months, 2783 personal solvent exposure samples were collected in two workplaces from 250 workers. Mixed-effects models were used to identify factors affecting exposure. Principal component analyses (PCA) and subsequent regression analyses on the scores of the identified principal components were used to relate potential co-exposures to various exposure sources present in the workplace. RESULTS The mean benzene exposure level was 21.86 p.p.m. (10th-90th percentiles 5.23-50.63 p.p.m.) in the smaller shoe factory (factory A) and 3.46 p.p.m. (10th-90th percentiles 0.20-7.00 p.p.m.) in the larger shoe factory (factory B). Within-factory exposure levels differed among job titles and were higher for subjects directly involved in handling glues. In contrast, mean toluene levels were relatively similar in the two factories (factory A, 9.52 p.p.m.; factory B, 15.88 p.p.m.). A seasonal trend was identified for both benzene and toluene in factory B. This could be explained in part by changes in air movement and ventilation patterns occurring during the year. A seasonal trend was not present in the smaller shoe factory, where general ventilation was absent. Supplemental analysis showed that exposure levels to other hydrocarbons were low (< or =5 p.p.m.), less than 5% of their respective ACGIH threshold limit values, and generally comparable in the two factories. PCA showed that co-exposures in factory B could largely be explained by glue sources that were used in distinct areas in the workplace. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the occurrence of a broad range of benzene exposure levels in two shoe manufacturing factories in Tianjin, China. Benzene and toluene exposures were determined in part by the degree of contact with glues, the benzene and toluene content of each glue, air movement and ventilation patterns. The availability of long-term monthly personal monitoring data provides an excellent opportunity to estimate individual exposures at different times during the 1 yr period of observation.
“What’s wrong with him then?” An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of becoming a stay-at-home father

Pleck (1983) offers a theoretical viewpoint of gender roles that defines the dominant theoretical ‘gender role identity paradigm’ as problematic. Pleck’s alternative paradigm states that both conformity and nonconformity to gender roles will lead to negative psychological consequences conceptualized as discrepancy strain and dysfunction strain. Six men who have become stay-at-home fathers and therefore undergone a radical change of gender role were asked to explore their experiences during semi-structured interviews. The resultant transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith, Jarman and Osborn, 1999). Dominant superordinate themes underpin their experience of gender role discrepancy strain, and are shown to be critical in the process of successful adaptation of the self structure under these conditions. These themes: socially induced strain from gender role discrepancy; direct familial validation of role change, and developing self through learned skills, are discussed with reference to Pleck’s paradigm and other pertinent self-processes outlined in the relevant literature. Implications for social policy are considered.
Efficacy of selected hand hygiene agents used to remove Bacillus atrophaeus (a surrogate of Bacillus anthracis) from contaminated hands.

CONTEXT The intentional use of Bacillus anthracis transmitted via the US mail in October-November 2001 resulted in 22 people developing inhalation or cutaneous anthrax. Glove use with handwashing prior to and after contact with potential contaminated environmental surfaces and cutaneous lesions has been recommended. However, only limited data are available on the susceptibility of B anthracis to antiseptics. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of several hand antiseptics (interventions) and soap and water (control) against Bacillus atrophaeus, a surrogate of B anthracis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Challenge study conducted among healthy adult volunteers, using the Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Health Care Professional Handwash Formulations (American Society for Testing and Materials E 1174-94) to determine the efficacy of various hand hygiene products at wash times of 10, 30, and 60 seconds. Volunteers were excluded if they had eczema, psoriasis, or other chronic skin conditions; nonintact skin; or allergies to any study agent. Study agents were a waterless rub containing 61% ethyl alcohol, a 2% chlorhexidine gluconate preparation, and an antibacterial microfiber towel that releases hypochlorite. A nonantimicrobial soap was used as a control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Reduction of B atrophaeus spores (log10 CFU/mL) on contaminated hands. RESULTS Washes of 10, 30, and 60 seconds with either soap and water or 2% chlorhexidine gluconate eliminated 1.5 to 2.0 log10 CFUs/mL of B atrophaeus spores at wash 3. Mean reductions (95% confidence intervals) with 10-, 30-, and 60-second washes with soap and water were 2.4 (2.2-2.5), 2.3 (2.2-2.4), and 2.1 (1.9-2.4) log(10) CFUs/mL, respectively; and with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 2.1 (2.0-2.3), 1.8 (1.5-2.0), and 1.7 (1.5-1.9) log10 CFUs/mL, respectively. Handwashing with chlorine-containing towels was increasingly effective as the wipe time increased; reductions at 10, 30, and 60 seconds were 1.3 (1.1-1.5), 1.6 (1.2-2.0), and 2.2 (2.1-2.2) log10 CFUs/mL, respectively. A waterless rub containing 61% ethyl alcohol was ineffective in eliminating B atrophaeus spores at all times tested (0 [-0.1 to 0.1], -0.2 [-0.3 to -0.1], and 0 [-0.2 to 0.2] log10 CFUs/mL). CONCLUSIONS In this evaluation of hand hygiene agents, handwashing with soap and water, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, or chlorine-containing towels reduced the amount of B atrophaeus spore contamination, whereas use of a waterless rub containing ethyl alcohol was not effective in removing spores.
Accuracy of the detection of simulated condylar lesions on panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography

Background: Degenerative temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease is characterized by destruction of the articular surface of mandibular condyle. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the smallest lesion on mandibular condyle that could be detected on panoramic radiograph compared to conebeam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A total of 15 dry human mandibles were included in the study. Three surgical carbide drill bits of diameters 1.8 mm, 2.3 mm, and 4.5 mm length were used to drill holes on anterior, posterior, lateral, medial, and superior surfaces of the condyles. Panoramic and CBCT images were obtained and evaluated by two observers to detect lesions. Interobserver variability was obtained by the application of Cohen’s kappa coefficient statistical measure. Results: On panoramic images, kappa value showed fair (0.324), moderate (0.537), and substantial agreement (0.667) for small, shallow, and deeper lesion on condyle, respectively. 16.6% of small, 43.3% of shallow, and 46.3% of deeper lesions were visualized on panoramic images compared to CBCT images. These lesions were predominantly on the superior surface of the condyle. Conclusion: Panoramic radiography can be used to detect lesions on the superior surface of the condyle of more than 2.3 mm diameter or more than 4.5 mm depth. Additional imaging modality such as CBCT is recommended for TMJ degenerative disorders.
UNIFICATION IN INTERMEDIATE LOGICS

Abstract This paper contains a proof–theoretic account of unification in intermediate logics. It is shown that many existing results can be extended to fragments that at least contain implication and conjunction. For such fragments, the connection between valuations and most general unifiers is clarified, and it is shown how from the closure of a formula under the Visser rules a proof of the formula under a projective unifier can be obtained. This implies that in the logics considered, for the n-unification type to be finitary it suffices that the m-th Visser rule is admissible for a sufficiently large m. At the end of the paper it is shown how these results imply several well-known results from the literature.