Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of position acuity in strabismus and amblyopia: specificity of the vernier VEP paradigm.

PURPOSE An objective measure of positional acuity is desirable in the nonverbal clinical population. This study was conducted to investigate the specificity of the vernier VEP as a measure of positional acuity, evaluating the potential confound of asymmetric motion responses that may be present in some groups of patients. These motion responses could masquerade as position-specific responses, since they occur at the same response frequency as the vernier-related response. METHODS Twelve observers with early-onset esotropia (EOE), 30 children with untreated amblyopia, and 15 control children underwent swept vernier VEP acuity testing accompanied by a swept motion control stimulus. The control condition was used to detect the presence of artifactual responses not related to position sensitivity. The patients with EOE were selected for high levels of motion asymmetry as documented with oscillating gratings presented monocularly. As a measure of motion confound (penetration), the proportion of first-harmonic responses recorded in the control condition was determined. RESULTS The penetration rate in the vernier condition in each study group (EOE: 0.93%; amblyopes: 4.26%; normal subjects: 2.40%) and the entire group (2.85%) was acceptably low. The level of penetration was not significantly influenced by the presence of amblyopia. CONCLUSIONS The vernier VEP paradigm, when applied in the manner described, can be interpreted as a measure of position sensitivity. The presence of motion asymmetry or untreated amblyopia does not affect the validity of vernier measurements made.
Cube Assessment Framework for B2C Websites Applied in a Longitudinal Study in the Luxury Fashion Industry

A literature review of existing assessment frameworks for B2C websites over more than ten years reveals that they are all built bottom-up through an essentially empirical approach of recording functionalities/features without any theoretical construct to guide the design of the framework. In an attempt to develop a theoretically consistent framework, this paper first identifies all relevant assessment categories and sub-categories for B2C websites in the luxury fashion industry. In total, eight categories and 29 sub-categories (actual assessment criteria) are identified. This framework is then applied to 15 luxury fashion brands in a longitudinal study in the years of 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012. These four surveys document the substantial changes in website functionalities/features over the period, especially relating to how Web 2.0 and social media are diffused and adopted in the luxury fashion industry. A careful analysis of the eight categories and sub-categories reveals that the B2C website design can be characterized (and indeed defined) by virtue of three strategic choices regarding website design. The three strategic choices together with the eight categories form the basis for a theory for website design, which we name the CUBE model. We believe this model to be relevant beyond the luxury/fashion industry.
Assessment and Early Instruction of Preschool Children at Risk for Reading Disability.

Preschool children at familial risk for reading disability were assessed on cognitive and linguistic variables and compared with preschoolers without familial risk. Risk children displayed performance profiles resembling those of older children with reading disability. Each group received intensive instruction in phonemic awareness and structured book reading. Instructed risk children made somewhat smaller gains than the nonrisk and required more teaching sessions to reach criterion. Rhyme and phoneme awareness predicted instruction outcome levels, and vocabulary and verbal short-term memory predicted number of teaching sessions to criterion. In kindergarten, the nonrisk group outperformed the risk group on reading and spelling, although the risk group reached grade-appropriate levels. At-risk children can be helped by appropriate preschool instruction, but they require more sustained teaching than nonrisk preschoolers.
The role of CEO’s overconfidence and gender diversity in top management teams in firm performance

This thesis focuses on leader’s overconfidence and their influence on firm performance, measured by the ROA. Overconfidence may bias several decisions inside companies, namely the risk component that ought to be undertaken by the CEO and Top Management Team. The data was collected through the analysis of the letters to the shareholders presented in the annual reports, namely word counting related to different personality traits. Letters from 2008 to 2016 were gathered, in a total of 1162 letters from 148 companies and 350 CEOs from different industries. The second dimension studied was gender diversity in the top management team and the overconfidence of the CEO. Women in general are considered more risk averse than men in the literature, which could mean a negative influence on the relationship between overconfidence and performance. However, since it was not found a significant relationship, this supports the idea that businesswomen have not significant differences comparing to men considering overconfidence and risk. Finally, a positive relationship was found between gender, the proportion of women in the top management team and financial performance. In the robustness tests 37 regressions were computed to support my facts and, in the end, limitations and future research opportunities were presented and discussed.
Standardization of the contingency naming test (CNT) for school-aged children: a measure of reactive flexibility

The Contingency Naming Test (CNT) was developed by H.G. Taylor (Taylor et al., 1987) to assess reactive flexibility and speed of name retrieval in school-aged children, and involves two baseline naming tasks, a one-dimensional switching task, and a two-dimensional switching task At present the applicability of the CNT is limited as it lacks normative data and its clinical validity is not yet well established. Two separate studies are reported to address these limitations. Study 1 generated developmental normative data for 381 children aged between 7 and 15 years. The results indicated that the CNT is suitable for children aged 7 to 15 years. Agerelated differences were found on all trials, although the two-dimensional switching task was the most discriminating. Accuracy improved dramatically between 7 and 9 years of age and only slightly thereafter, whereas speed improved steadily across the age range, especially between the ages of 7 to 9 years, and 11 to 13 years. Accuracy on the CNT was similar for boys and girls, however girls were quicker on trials 1 to 3. Study 2 examined the clinical validity of the CNT by contrasting the performance of four groups of children aged 12 to 18 years: early-treated phenylketonuria (PKU), n=12; survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), n=20; survivors of bacterial meningitis (BM), n=79; and healthy controls, n=79. All three clinical groups exhibited impairments on the CNT when compared to the control group. The PlaJ and ALL groups performed less efficiently and made more errors than the control group on all tasks, whereas the BM group made significantly more errors on the two-dimensional shifting task In conclusion, the CNT is sensitive to cognitive development and to impairments associated with childhood neurological conditions, and is a useful clinical tool for the assessment of reactive flexibility in children aged 7 years and older. Address for Correspondence Peter Anderson, Department of Psychology, MHSKY, Royal Children's Hospital Remington Road, ParIwille, 3052, VIC, Australia Email: anderson@cryptic.rch. unimelb.edu. au 248 P Anderson et al Contingency Naming That
PrPC Homodimerization Stimulates the Production of PrPC Cleaved Fragments PrPN1 and PrPC1

An endoproteolytic cleavage termed α-cleavage between residues 111/112 is a characteristic feature of the cellular prion protein (PrPC). This cleavage generates a soluble N-terminal fragment (PrPN1) and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored C-terminal fragment (PrPC1). Independent studies demonstrate that modulating PrPC α-cleavage represents a potential therapeutic strategy in prion diseases. The regulation of PrPC α-cleavage is unclear. The only known domain that is essential for the α-cleavage to occur is a hydrophobic domain (HD). Importantly, the HD is also essential for the formation of PrPC homodimers. To explore the role of PrPC homodimerization on the α-cleavage, we used a well described inducible dimerization strategy whereby a chimeric PrPC composed of a modified FK506-binding protein (Fv) fused with PrPC and termed Fv-PrP is incubated in the presence of a dimerizer AP20187 ligand. We show that homodimerization leads to a considerable increase of PrPC α-cleavage in cultured cells and release of PrPN1 and PrPC1. Interestingly, enforced homodimerization increased PrPC levels at the plasma membrane, and preventing PrPC trafficking to the cell surface inhibited dimerization-induced α-cleavage. These observations were confirmed in primary hippocampal neurons from transgenic mice expressing Fv-PrP. The proteases responsible for the α-cleavage are still elusive, and in contrast to initial studies we confirm more recent investigations that neither ADAM10 nor ADAM17 are involved. Importantly, PrPN1 produced after PrPC homodimerization protects against toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers. Thus, our results show that PrPC homodimerization is an important regulator of PrPC α-cleavage and may represent a potential therapeutic avenue against Aβ toxicity in Alzheimer's disease.
UWB Bandpass Filter Using Cascaded Miniature High-Pass and Low-Pass Filters With Multilayer Liquid Crystal Polymer Technology

This paper presents a new ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter that is formed by cascading miniature high-pass and low-pass filters implemented with multilayer liquid crystal polymer technology. The miniature high-pass and low-pass filters can be designed independently and the design procedures are described. Experiments are carried out to validate the designs. Small sizes for the fabricated high-pass filter, low-pass filter, and UWB bandpass filter are achieved, which are 4.0 mm × 4.4 mm (0.162 ¿g × 0.178 ¿g), 4.56 mm × 4.9 mm (0.185 ¿g × 0.198 ¿g) and 5.1 mm × 8.86 mm (0.207 ¿g X 0.359 ¿g), respectively, where ¿g is the guided wavelength at 6.85 GHz. Excellent performance is obtained for all the measured filters, including low insertion losses and high selectivity. Due to its simple structure and excellent performance, the proposed UWB bandpass filter is favorable for practical UWB communication and radar systems.
Protection of adult but not newborn mice against lethal intracerebral challenge with Japanese encephalitis virus by adoptively transferred virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes: requirement for L3T4+ T cells.

The protective ability of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) raised in vitro against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was examined by adoptive transfer experiments. Adoptive transfer of anti-JEV effectors by intracerebral (i.c.) but not by intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intravenous (i.v.) routes protected adult BALB/c mice against lethal i.c. JEV challenge. In contrast to adult mice, adoptive transfer of anti-JEV effectors into newborn (4-day-old)and suckling (8-14-day-old) mice did not confer protection. However, virus-induced death was delayed in suckling mice compared to newborn mice upon adoptive transfer. The specific reasons for lack of protection in newborn mice are not clear but virus load was found to be higher in newborn mice brains compared to those of adults and virus clearance was observed only in adult mice brains but not in newborn mice brains upon adoptive transfer. Specific depletion of Lyt 2.2+, L3T4+ or Thy-1+ T cell populations before adoptive transfer abrogated the protective ability of transferred effectors. However, when Lyt 2.2+ cell-depleted and L3T4+ cell-depleted effectors were mixed and transferred into adult mice the protective activity was retained, demonstrating that both Lyt 2.2+ and L3T4+ T cells are necessary to confer protection. Although the presence of L3T4+ T cells in adoptively transferred effector populations enhanced virus-specific serum neutralizing antibodies, the presence of neutralizing antibodies alone without Lyt 2.2+ cells are not sufficient to confer protection.
Seasonal variability in turbidity currents in Lake Ohau, New Zealand, and their influence on sedimentation

Layers of sediment that are deposited on the floor of Lake Ohau, New Zealand, offer a means to reconstruct past climate conditions in the Southern Hemisphere at subdecadal and annual resolution. A robust understanding of the modern physical processes that control the influx and dispersal of sediment in the lake is required to reconstruct climate from these sedimentary archives. In this study, water temperature and velocity measurements collected during 2012–13 were analysed to determine the primary physical processes that influence sediment transport in the lake. Sediment input from river inflow occurs throughout the year but exhibits strong seasonal variation. Large inflow events (Q>500m3s–1) that follow strong summer rainstorms trigger high-concentration turbidity currents, which are the main agents for sediment delivery and deposition. During winter, smaller turbidity currents also occur after rain events and contribute to annual sediment accumulation. In addition, large internal waves were observed during the summer and may influence sedimentation. In conclusion, several processes including river inflow, internal waves and convectively driven flows control sediment deposition and accumulation in the Lake Ohau system. We utilise these observations to establish a conceptual model to explain the observed infill stratigraphy in Lake Ohau and guide interpretation of the longer sedimentary record.
EXTENSIVE GREY MATTER VOLUME REDUCTION IN TREATMENT-RESISTANT SCHIZOPHRENIA

© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology Advance Access published February 25, 2015
Mothers' home-safety practices for preventing six types of childhood injuries: what do they do, and why?

OBJECTIVE To identify determinants of mothers' home-safety practices for preventing six types of common injuries to children (burns, poisoning, drowning, cuts, strangulation/suffocation/choking, and falls). METHODS Home interviews were conducted with mothers of children 19-24 and 25-30 months old about home-safety practices. For each of 30 safety precautions to prevent these six types of injuries, mothers indicated whether or not they engaged in the practice, and explained why. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed both common and unique determinants of mothers' home-safety practices to prevent these six types of home injuries. For burns, cuts, and falls, beliefs that child characteristics and parent characteristics elevated the child's risk of injury were the key determinants of the mother's engaging in precautionary measures. For drowning, poisoning, and suffocation/strangulation/choking, health beliefs also contributed to predict mothers' practices, including beliefs about potential injury severity and extent of effort required to implement precautionary measures. CONCLUSIONS The factors that motivated mothers to engage in precautionary measures at home varied depending on the type of injury. Intervention programs to enhance maternal home-safety practices will need to target different factors depending on the type of injury to be addressed.
Global existence and scattering for rough solutions of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation on ℝ3

We prove global existence and scattering for the defocusing, cubic, nonlinear Schrödinger equation in $H^{\scriptscriptstyle S}$ (ℝ3) for s > ${4 \over 5}$. The main new estimate in the argument is a Morawetz‐type inequality for the solution ϕ. This estimate bounds \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{displaymath}{\|\phi \left( x, t \right) \|}_{\textstyle{L^{4}}_{\scriptstyle{x,t}} \bigl( \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R} \bigr)} \, ,\end{displaymath}\end{document} whereas the well‐known Morawetz‐type estimate of Lin‐Strauss controls \documentclass{article}\usepackage[intlimits]{amsmath}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{displaymath}\int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{\textstyle{\mathbb{R}^3}} {(\phi\,(x,\,t))^{4} \over |\,x\,|} \>dx \>dt \,. \end{displaymath}\end{document} © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The frequency of hyperkalemia and its significance in chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND Hyperkalemia is a potential threat to patient safety in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study determined the incidence of hyperkalemia in CKD and whether it is associated with excess mortality. METHODS This retrospective analysis of a national cohort comprised 2 103 422 records from 245 808 veterans with at least 1 hospitalization and at least 1 inpatient or outpatient serum potassium record during the fiscal year 2005. Chronic kidney disease and treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin II receptor blockers (blockers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [RAAS]) were the key predictors of hyperkalemia. Death within 1 day of a hyperkalemic event was the principal outcome. RESULTS Of the 66 259 hyperkalemic events (3.2% of records), more occurred as inpatient events (n = 34 937 [52.7%]) than as outpatient events (n = 31 322 [47.3%]). The adjusted rate of hyperkalemia was higher in patients with CKD than in those without CKD among individuals treated with RAAS blockers (7.67 vs 2.30 per 100 patient-months; P < .001) and those without RAAS blocker treatment (8.22 vs 1.77 per 100 patient-months; P < .001). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of death with a moderate (potassium, >or=5.5 and <6.0 mEq/L [to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 1.0]) and severe (potassium, >or=6.0 mEq/L) hyperkalemic event was highest with no CKD (OR, 10.32 and 31.64, respectively) vs stage 3 (OR, 5.35 and 19.52, respectively), stage 4 (OR, 5.73 and 11.56, respectively), or stage 5 (OR, 2.31 and 8.02, respectively) CKD, with all P < . 001 vs normokalemia and no CKD. CONCLUSIONS The risk of hyperkalemia is increased with CKD, and its occurrence increases the odds of mortality within 1 day of the event. These findings underscore the importance of this metabolic disturbance as a threat to patient safety in CKD.
Electrophysiological evidence of dynamic ignoring

We used electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings to examine the processes that enable subjects to intentionally ignore transient, task-irrelevant visual stimuli, keeping such stimuli from interfering with short-term memory for similar, but behaviorally relevant visual stimuli (Yotsumoto & Sekuler, in press). Subjects recognition memory was tested for brief, sequentially-presented compound sinusoidal gratings that varied in spatial frequency; in one condition, one of two study items was consistently task irrelevant. Event related potentials (ERPs) were derived from EEG signals synched either to the onset of the to-be-remembered item or to the onset of the to-be-ignored item. When these two ERPs were compared at varying times following stimulus onset and on varying locations on the scalp, we found that early on, the occipital cortex was indifferent to whether the stimulus was to be ignored or remembered. Differences between ignoring and remembering were found in the left frontal area at about 200 msec after stimulus onset, followed by the parietal area at 250 msec, and the occipital area at 300 msec. The early differences in frontal areas suggest top-down inhibitory control; the relatively late onset of occipital modulation suggests that intentional ignoring becomes effective well-after the stimulus becomes visible.
Minimal Cohomology Classes and Jacobians

We show that on the Jacobian $(JC,\theta)$ of a smooth curve $C$ of genus $g$, any effective cycle in $JC$ with cohomology class $\theta^d/d! $ is a translate of $W_{g-d}(C)$ or $-W_{g-d}(C)$. We then use this result to prove that for $1<d<g$, the Jacobian locus (\resp the locus of intermediate Jacobians of cubic threefolds) is an irreducible component of the set of principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension $g$ for which $\theta^d/d! $ (\resp $\theta^3/3! $) is the class of an effective algebraic cycle. Moreover, on the intermediate Jacobian of a generic cubic threefold, $\theta^2/2! $ is not the class of an effective algebraic cycle.
Do CFOs Have Style? An Empirical Investigation of the Effect of Individual CFOs on Accounting Practices*

This paper examines the effect of Chief Financial Officers’ (CFOs’) individual philosophy or “style” on corporate accounting choices. We track 359 CFOs across different firms over time and investigate whether CFO-specific factors explain a firm’s accounting choices. We find that, across a wide range of accounting choices, individual CFOs are an important determinant of accounting practices. Moreover, the effect of CFO styles appears to be stronger under conditions of high CFO discretion and high CFO job demands. We also trace the CFO style to observable CFO characteristics by examining whether CFOs’ gender, age, and educational background affect their styles. We find limited evidence of the impact of these CFO characteristics on accounting choices, suggesting that these common and observable characteristics capture only a small portion of CFO styles.
Dynamic Output Feedback Power-Level Control for the MHTGR Based On Iterative Damping Assignment

Because of its strong inherent safety features and high outlet temperature, the modular high temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor (MHTGR) is already seen as the central part of the next generation of nuclear plants. Such power plants are being considered for industrial applications with a wide range of power levels, and thus power-level control is an important technique for their efficient and stable operation. Stimulated by the high regulation performance provided by nonlinear controllers, a novel dynamic output-feedback nonlinear power-level regulator is developed in this paper based on the technique of iterative damping assignment (IDA). This control strategy can provide the L 2 disturbance attenuation performance under modeling uncertainty or exterior disturbance, and can also guarantee the globally asymptotic closed-loop stability without uncertainty and disturbance. This newly built control strategy is then applied to the power-level regulation of the HTR-PM plant, and numerical simulation results show both the feasibility and high performance of this newly-built control strategy. Furthermore, the relationship between the values of the parameters and the performance of this controller is not only illustrated numerically but also analyzed theoretically.
Lattices of Scott-closed sets

A dcpo $P$ is continuous if and only if the lattice $C(P)$ of all Scott-closed subsets of $P$ is completely distributive. However, in the case where $P$ is a non-continuous dcpo, little is known about the order structure of $C(P)$. In this paper, we study the order-theoretic properties of $C(P)$ for general dcpo's $P$. The main results are: (i) every $C(P)$ is C-continuous; (ii) a complete lattice $L$ is isomorphic to $C(P)$ for a complete semilattice $P$ if and only if $L$ is weak-stably C-algebraic; (iii) for any two complete semilattices $P$ and $Q$, $P$ and $Q$ are isomorphic if and only if $C(P)$ and $C(Q)$ are isomorphic. In addition, we extend the function $P\mapsto C(P)$ to a left adjoint functor from the category {\bf DCPO} of dcpo's to the category {\bf CPAlg} of C-prealgebraic lattices.