Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Literacies: changing knowledge and classroom learning

Literacy education continues to be dominated by a mindset that has passed its use-by date. Education has failed to take account of how much the world has changed during the information technology revolution. It proceeds as though the world is the same as before - just somewhat more technologized. This is the hallmark of an 'outsider' mindset. In fact, qualitatively new literacies and new kinds of knowledge associated with digitally saturated social practices abound. 'Insiders' understand this, 'outsiders' do not. Yet 'outsider' perspectives still dominate educational directions. Meanwhile, student 'insiders' endure learning experiences that mystify, bemuse, alienate and miseducate them. This book describes new social practices and new literacies, along with kinds of knowledge associated with them. It shows what is at stake between 'outsider' and 'insider' mindsets, argues that education requires a shift in mindset, and suggests how and where pursuit of progressive change might begin.
Confinement and non‐perturbative tachyons in brane‐antibrane systems

We present a worldvolume effective action suitable for the study of the confined phase of a $(Dp,\bar{Dp})$ system at weak coupling, and we identify the mechanism by which the fundamental string arises from this action when the Dp and the $\bar{Dp}$ annihilate. We construct an explicit dual action, appropriate for the strong coupling regime, which realizes a generalized Higgs‐Stückelberg phase for the (relative) (p‐2)‐form dual to the (overall) BI vector, the mechanism put forward by Yi and collaborators for realizing non‐perturbatively the breaking of the overall U(1) gauge group. Our results provide an explicit realization of the perturbative breaking of the overall U(1) in a way that is consistent with the duality symmetries of String Theory.
Distinct Molecular Strategies for Hox-Mediated Limb Suppression in Drosophila: From Cooperativity to Dispensability/Antagonism in TALE Partnership

The emergence following gene duplication of a large repertoire of Hox paralogue proteins underlies the importance taken by Hox proteins in controlling animal body plans in development and evolution. Sequence divergence of paralogous proteins accounts for functional specialization, promoting axial morphological diversification in bilaterian animals. Yet functionally specialized paralogous Hox proteins also continue performing ancient common functions. In this study, we investigate how highly divergent Hox proteins perform an identical function. This was achieved by comparing in Drosophila the mode of limb suppression by the central (Ultrabithorax and AbdominalA) and posterior class (AbdominalB) Hox proteins. Results highlight that Hox-mediated limb suppression relies on distinct modes of DNA binding and a distinct use of TALE cofactors. Control of common functions by divergent Hox proteins, at least in the case studied, relies on evolving novel molecular properties. Thus, changes in protein sequences not only provide the driving force for functional specialization of Hox paralogue proteins, but also provide means to perform common ancient functions in distinct ways.
Models for packet switching of variable-bit-rate video sources

The authors extend earlier work (ibid., vol.36, p.834-44, Jul. 1988) in modeling video sources using interframe coding schemes and in carrying out buffer queueing analysis for the multiplexing of several such sources. The previous models and analysis were suitable for relatively uniform activity scenes. Here, models are considered for scenes with multiple activity levels which lead to sudden changes in the coder output bit rates. Such models apply to talker-listener alternating scenes, as well as to situations where there is a mix of dissimilar services, e.g., television and videotelephony. Correlated Markov models for the corresponding sources are given. A flow-equivalent queueing analysis is used to obtain common buffer queue distributions and probabilities of packet loss. The results demonstrate the efficiency of packet video on a single link, due to the smoothing effect of multiplexing several variable-bit-rate video sources. >
Theory of Dual-Tree Complex Wavelets

We study analyticity of the complex wavelets in Kingsbury's dual-tree wavelet transform. A notion of scaling transformation function that defines the relationship between the primal and dual scaling functions is introduced and studied in detail. The analyticity property is examined and dealt with via the transformation function. We separate analyticity from other properties of the wavelet such as orthogonality or biorthogonality. This separation allows a unified treatment of analyticity for general setting of the wavelet system, which can be dyadic or M-band; orthogonal or biorthogonal; scalar or multiple; bases or frames. We show that analyticity of the complex wavelets can be characterized by scaling filter relationship and wavelet filter relationship via the scaling transformation function. For general orthonormal wavelets and dyadic biorthogonal scalar wavelets, the transformation function is shown to be paraunitary and has a linear phase delay of omega/2 in (0, 2pi).
Survival of Mexican Children with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Who Received Early Intensification Chemotherapy and an Autologous Transplant

Background. In Mexico and other developing countries, few reports of the survival of children with acute leukaemia exist. Objective. We aimed at comparing the disease-free survival of children with acute myeloid leukaemia who, in addition to being treated with the Latin American protocol of chemotherapy and an autologous transplant, either underwent early intensified chemotherapy or did not undergo such treatment. Procedure. This was a cohort study with a historical control group, forty patients, less than 16 years old. Group A (20 patients), diagnosed in the period 2005–2007, was treated with the Latin American protocol of chemotherapy with an autologous transplant plus early intensified chemotherapy: high doses of cytarabine and mitoxantrone. Group B (20 patients), diagnosed in the period 1999–2004, was treated as Group A, but without the early intensified chemotherapy. Results. Relapse-free survival for Group A was 90% whereas that for Group B it was 60% (P = 0.041). Overall survival for Group A (18, 90%) was higher than that for Group B (60%). Complete remission continued for two years of follow-up. Conclusions. Relapse-free survival for paediatric patients treated with the Latin American protocol of chemotherapy with an autologous transplant plus early intensified chemotherapy was higher than that for those who did not receive early intensified chemotherapy.
Exposure to Nonfatal Suicidal Behavior: Examining Pathways to Suicide Risk Using the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS)

Abstract Despite efforts to identify risk factors for suicide following exposure to completed suicide, research has paid less attention to the associations between exposure to nonfatal suicidal behavior (NFSB) and subsequent suicide risk among the exposed. Using path analysis, this study examined direct effects of NFSB exposure on suicide risk, as well as indirect effects via depression and anxiety symptom severity, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness. Using a sample of 230 college students, a demographic group that is disproportionately exposed to NFSB, results indicated that NFSB exposure was directly associated with suicide risk and depressive symptomatology and indirectly associated with suicide risk through elevations in depressive symptomatology and perceived burdensomeness. These findings support the notion that exposure to NFSB serves as a risk factor for suicidality and that this association can be explained, at least in part, by heightened depressive symptomatology and perceived burdensomeness. Furthermore, these findings highlight the importance of enhancing provisions of support for those exposed to NFSB.
Correlated mixtures of adiabatic and isocurvature cosmological perturbations

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies measurements can provide many clues about the Universe. Although the common belief is that they will allow a very precise measurement of the cosmological parameters (that is, the current state of the Universe), they will alternatively give interesting informations about the state of the initial perturbations (that is, the state of the Universe at the end of inflation). In this paper, we study the observational consequences on the CMB anisotropies of some wide set of inital conditions, with a correlated mixture of adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations.
FORMATION OF THE MILKY WAY

We review observational evidence bearing on the formation of a prototypical large spiral galaxy, the Milky Way. New ground- and space-based studies of globular star clusters and dwarf spheroidal galaxies provide a wealth of information to constrain theories of galaxy formation. It appears likely that the Milky Way formed by an combination of rapid, dissipative collapse and mergers, but the relative contributions of these two mechanisms remain controversial. New evidence, however, indicates that initial star and star cluster formation occurred simultaneously over a volume that presently extends to twice the distance of the Magellanic Clouds.
Testing hypotheses of the cause of peripheral thinning of the Greenland Ice Sheet: is land-terminating ice thinning at anomalously high rates?

Abstract. Recent observations have shown that the periphery of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is thinning rapidly and that this thinning is greatest around marine-terminating outlet glaciers. Several theories have been proposed which provide a link between climate and ice thinning. We present surface elevation change (dh/dt) data from NASA's Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment (PARCA) laser altimetry surveys for fourteen and eleven of the largest outlet glaciers in Southern Greenland from 1993 to 1998 and 1998 to 2006 respectively to test the applicability of these theories to the GrIS. Initially, outlet glacier dh/dt data are compared with data from concurrent surveys over inland ice (slow flowing ice that is not obviously draining into an outlet glacier) to confirm the effect of ice flow on surface thinning rates. Land-terminating and marine-terminating outlet glacier dh/dt data are then compared from 1993 to 1998 and from 1998 to 2006. Finally, ablation anomalies (the difference between the "normal" ablation rate from 1970 to 2000 and the ablation rate in the time period of interest) calculated with a positive degree day model are compared to both marine-terminating and land-terminating outlet glacier dh/dt data. Our results support earlier conclusions that certain marine-terminating outlet glaciers have thinned much more than land-terminating outlet glaciers during both time periods. Furthermore we show that these differences are not limited to the largest, fastest-flowing outlet glaciers – almost all marine-terminating outlet glaciers are thinning more than land-terminating outlet glaciers. There was a four fold increase in mean marine-terminating outlet glacier thinning rates below 1000 m elevation between the periods 1993 to 1998 and 1998 to 2006, while thinning rates of land-terminating outlet glaciers remained statistically unchanged. This suggests that a change in a controlling mechanism specific to the thinning rates of marine-terminating outlet glaciers occurred in the late 1990s and that this change did not affect thinning rates of land-terminating outlet glaciers. Thinning rates of land-terminating outlet glaciers are statistically the same as ablation anomalies, while thinning rates of marine-terminating outlet glaciers are not. Thinning of land-terminating outlet glaciers therefore seems to be a response to changes in local mass balance (principally increases in air temperature) while thinning of marine-terminating outlet glaciers is principally controlled by ice dynamics. The mechanism by which this dynamic thinning occurs is still not clear although its association with marine-terminating outlet glaciers suggests perturbations at marine termini (calving) as the likely cause.
Productivity and Undesirable Outputs: A Directional Distance Function Approach

Undesirable outputs are often produced together with desirable outputs. This joint production of good and bad outputs brings about a difficulty for productivity measurement. Here we introduce a directional distance function and use it as a component in a new productivity index. This index, as an empirical example shows, seems to solve the problem caused by the joint production of good and bad outputs.
Spatial analyses of wildlife contact networks

Datasets from which wildlife contact networks of epidemiological importance can be inferred are becoming increasingly common. A largely unexplored facet of these data is finding evidence of spatial constraints on who has contact with whom, despite theoretical epidemiologists having long realized spatial constraints can play a critical role in infectious disease dynamics. A graph dissimilarity measure is proposed to quantify how close an observed contact network is to being purely spatial whereby its edges are completely determined by the spatial arrangement of its nodes. Statistical techniques are also used to fit a series of mechanistic models for contact rates between individuals to the binary edge data representing presence or absence of observed contact. These are the basis for a second measure that quantifies the extent to which contacts are being mediated by distance. We apply these methods to a set of 128 contact networks of field voles (Microtus agrestis) inferred from mark–recapture data collected over 7 years and from four sites. Large fluctuations in vole abundance allow us to demonstrate that the networks become increasingly similar to spatial proximity graphs as vole density increases. The average number of contacts, , was (i) positively correlated with vole density across the range of observed densities and (ii) for two of the four sites a saturating function of density. The implications for pathogen persistence in wildlife may be that persistence is relatively unaffected by fluctuations in host density because at low density is low but hosts move more freely, and at high density is high but transmission is hampered by local build-up of infected or recovered animals.
Validating Wordscores for use in Voting Advice Applications

Since 2006, voting advice applications have shown a significant increase in use in Europe. One of the main factors in a successful VAA is its ability to accurately locate parties in policy space. Wordscores, a quantitative text analysis scaling method, has been proposed as a method that can be used to accurately estimate positions on a priori specified dimensions. This study tries to establish if Wordscores is able to perform this function in the context of voting advice applications. To do so, I apply Wordscores on parties' 2009 Euromanifestos and compare the estimates against a commonly accepted benchmark: the party positions of the 2009 EU Profiler voting advice application. The analysis showed that in countries as varied as the Netherlands, Germany, Slovakia, Finland, & Poland, Wordscores was unable to match the benchmark' estimates. The concordance correlations coefficients between Wordscores and EU Profiler estimates are too low for the method to be able to be judged valid.
Micro interaction metrics for defect prediction

There is a common belief that developers' behavioral interaction patterns may affect software quality. However, widely used defect prediction metrics such as source code metrics, change churns, and the number of previous defects do not capture developers' direct interactions. We propose 56 novel micro interaction metrics (MIMs) that leverage developers' interaction information stored in the Mylyn data. Mylyn is an Eclipse plug-in, which captures developers' interactions such as file editing and selection events with time spent. To evaluate the performance of MIMs in defect prediction, we build defect prediction (classification and regression) models using MIMs, traditional metrics, and their combinations. Our experimental results show that MIMs significantly improve defect classification and regression accuracy.
Prenatal maternal anxiety and early childhood temperament

The consequences of exposure to prenatal maternal anxiety for the development of child temperament were examined in a sample of 120 healthy, 2-year-old children. Prenatal maternal state and pregnancy-specific anxiety (PSA) were measured five times during pregnancy, and maternal state anxiety was measured again at 2 years post partum. Child temperament was measured at 2 years using the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. The relationship between the trajectory of maternal anxiety across gestation and negative affectivity was evaluated using hierarchical linear growth curve modeling. Higher maternal PSA between 13 and 17 weeks of gestation was associated with increased negative temperament in the children. This association could not be explained by postnatal maternal anxiety, demographic, or obstetric factors. Prenatal maternal state anxiety was not associated with child temperament. These findings demonstrate that PSA early in gestation has a distinctive influence on the developing fetus.
ENHANCED AD HOC ON DEMAND MULTIPATH DISTANCE VECTOR FOR MANETS

Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) include wireless devices communicating over bandwidth-constrained links with nodes being free to move, join or leave network. Limited range wireless communication and node mobility ensure that nodes cooperate with each other to network and with underlying network, dynamically changing to meet needs continually. This research investigates performance of a highly dynamic mobile network using Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol under various active route timeout and proposes a Link Quality based improved AOMDV (LQ-AOMDV) routing protocol modeled on how quickly link changes occur and optimizes protocol overheads. Quality of Service (QoS) parameters are measured and compared to AOMDV routing protocol.
Automatic detection of reflexion hyperbolas in gpr data with neural networks

In order to locate cylindrical objects like pipes and cables buried underground using ground penetrating radar it is necessary to detect reflexion hyperbolas in the measured radargrams. In practice, this task is in many cases complicated due to different geological environments, incomplete or disturbed hyperbolas, and first of all the fact that nearby objects lead to hyperbolas interfering with each other. In this paper we present an automatic detection system based on a specially connected neural network using receptive fields. We show that with an adequate definition of training data the system is capable of reliably detecting reflexion hyperbolas even in those challenging situations.
Mechanisms of K+ transport across basolateral membranes of principal cells in Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti

SUMMARY The mechanisms of K+ entry from the hemolymph into principal cells of Malpighian tubules were investigated in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. The K+ channel blocker Ba2+ (5 mmol l–1) significantly decreased transepithelial (TEP) fluid secretion (Vs) from 0.84 nl min–1 to 0.37 nl min–1 and decreased the K+ concentration in secreted fluid from 119.0 mmol l–1 to 54.3 mmol l–1 with no change in the Cl– concentration. Even though the Na+ concentration increased significantly from 116.8 mmol l–1 to 144.6 mmol l–1, rates of TEP ion secretion significantly decreased for all three ions. In addition, Ba2+ had the following significant electrophysiological effects: it depolarized the TEP voltage (Vt) from 19.4 mV to 17.2 mV, increased the TEP resistance (Rt) from 6.4 kΩcm to 6.9 kΩcm, hyperpolarized the basolateral membrane voltage of principal cells (Vbl) from –75.2 mV to –88.2 mV and increased the cell input resistance from 363.7 kΩ to 516.3 kΩ. These effects of Ba2+ reflect the block of K+ channels that, apparently, are also permeable to Na+. Bumetanide (100μ mol l–1) had no effect on TEP fluid secretion and electrical resistance but significantly decreased TEP K+ secretion, consistent with the inhibition of electroneutral Na+/K+/2Cl– cotransport. TEP Na+ secretion significantly increased because other Na+ entry pathways remained active. Bumetanide plus Ba2+ completely inhibited TEP electrolyte and fluid secretion, with fast and slow kinetics reflecting the Ba2+ block of basolateral membrane K+ channels and the inhibition of Na+/K+/2Cl– cotransport, respectively. The single and combined effects of Ba2+ and bumetanide suggest that (1) K+ channels and Na+/K+/2Cl– cotransport are the primary mechanisms for bringing K+ into cells, (2) K+ channels mediate a significant Na+ influx, (3) Na+ has as many as four entry pathways and (4) the mechanisms of TEP K+ and Na+ secretion are coupled such that complete block of TEP K+ renders the epithelium unable to secrete Na+.
Social Psychology of Identities

In this chapter I review the social psychological underpinnings of identity, emphasizing social cognitive and symbolic interactionist perspectives and research, and I turn then to key themes of current work on identity—social psychological, sociological, and interdisciplinary. I emphasize the social bases of identity, particularly identities based on ethnicity, race, sexuality, gender, class, age, and (dis)ability, both separately and as they intersect. I also take up identities based on space, both geographic and virtual. I discuss struggles over identities, organized by social inequalities, nationalisms, and social movements. I conclude by discussing postmodernist conceptions of identities as fluid, multidimensional, personalized social constructions that reflect sociohistorical contexts, approaches remarkably consistent with recent empirical social psychological research, and I argue explicitly for a politicized social psychology of identities that brings together the structures of everyday lives and t.
Multilocus Patterns of Polymorphism and Selection Across the X Chromosome of Caenorhabditis remanei

Natural selection and neutral processes such as demography, mutation, and gene conversion all contribute to patterns of polymorphism within genomes. Identifying the relative importance of these varied components in evolution provides the principal challenge for population genetics. To address this issue in the nematode Caenorhabditis remanei, I sampled nucleotide polymorphism at 40 loci across the X chromosome. The site-frequency spectrum for these loci provides no evidence for population size change, and one locus presents a candidate for linkage to a target of balancing selection. Selection for codon usage bias leads to the non-neutrality of synonymous sites, and despite its weak magnitude of effect (Nes ∼0.1), is responsible for profound patterns of diversity and divergence in the C. remanei genome. Although gene conversion is evident for many loci, biased gene conversion is not identified as a significant evolutionary process in this sample. No consistent association is observed between synonymous-site diversity and linkage-disequilibrium-based estimators of the population recombination parameter, despite theoretical predictions about background selection or widespread genetic hitchhiking, but genetic map-based estimates of recombination are needed to rigorously test for a diversity–recombination relationship. Coalescent simulations also illustrate how a spurious correlation between diversity and linkage-disequilibrium-based estimators of recombination can occur, due in part to the presence of unbiased gene conversion. These results illustrate the influence that subtle natural selection can exert on polymorphism and divergence, in the form of codon usage bias, and demonstrate the potential of C. remanei for detecting natural selection from genomic scans of polymorphism.