Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Melatonin promotes sorafenib‐induced apoptosis through synergistic activation of JNK/c‐jun pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Melatonin has been shown to exert anticancer activity on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through its antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic effect in both experimental and clinical studies, and sorafenib is the only approved drug for the systemic treatment of HCC. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the combined effect of melatonin and sorafenib on proliferation, apoptosis, and its possible mechanism in human HCC. Here, we found that both melatonin and sorafenib resulted in a dose‐dependent growth inhibition of HuH‐7 cells after 48 hours treatment, and the combination of them enhanced the growth inhibition in a synergistic manner. Colony formation assay indicated that co‐treatment of HuH‐7 cells with melatonin and sorafenib significantly decreased the clonogenicity compared to the treatment with single agent. Furthermore, FACS and TUNEL assay confirmed that melatonin synergistically augmented the sorafenib‐induced apoptosis after 48 hours incubation, which was in accordance with the activation of caspase‐3 and the JNK/c‐jun pathway. Inhibition of JNK/c‐jun pathway with its inhibitor SP600125 reversed the phosphorylation of c‐jun and the activation of caspase‐3 induced by co‐treatment of HuH‐7 cells with melatonin and sorafenib in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, SP600125 exhibited protective effect against apoptosis induced by the combination of melatonin and sorafenib. This study demonstrates that melatonin in combination with sorafenib synergistically inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human HCC cells; therefore, supplementation of sorafenib with melatonin may serve as a potential therapeutic choice for advanced HCC.
Dissolution, Reactor, and Environmental Behavior of ZrO2-MgO Inert Fuel Matrix: Quarterly Report, January 2005 to March 2005

This project will examine inert fuels containing ZrO2 and MgO as the inert matrix, with the relative amount of MgO varied from 30 % to 70 % in ZrO2. Reactor physics calculations will be used to examine suitable quantities of burnable poisons from the candidate elements Gd, Er, or Hf with reactor grade Pu providing the fissile component, with up to 10 % of Pu. Ceramics will be synthesized and characterized based on the reactor physics results. The solubility the fuel ceramics, in reactor conditions, reprocessing conditions, and repository conditions, will be investigated in a manner to provide thermodynamic data necessary for modeling. 1. Background and Rational 1 1.1. Inert Fuel 1 1.2. Evaluation of Chemical Thermodynamic and Kinetic Data 1 2. Research Objectives and Goals 4 3. Technical Impact 4 4. Research Approach 5 6. Project Timeline 9 7. References 10
Genetic and life‐history changes associated with fisheries‐induced population collapse

Over the recent years, growing number of studies suggests that intensive size‐selective fishing can cause evolutionary changes in life‐history traits in the harvested population, which can have drastic negative effects on populations, ecosystems and fisheries. However, most studies to date have overlooked the potential role of immigration of fish with different phenotypes as an alternative plausible mechanism behind observed phenotypic trends. Here, we investigated the evolutionary consequences of intensive fishing simultaneously at phenotypic and molecular level in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) population in the Baltic Sea over a 24‐year period. We detected marked changes in size‐ and age‐distributions and increase in juvenile growth rate. We also observed reduction of age at sexual maturity in males that has frequently been considered to support the hypothesis of fisheries‐induced evolution. However, combined individual‐based life‐history and genetic analyses indicated increased immigration of foreign individuals with different life‐history patterns as an alternative mechanism behind the observed phenotypic change. This study demonstrates the value of combining genetic and phenotypic analyses and suggests that replacement or breakdown of locally adapted gene complexes may play important role in impeding the recovery of fish populations.
Piezoresistive Sensitivity, Linearity and Resistance Time Drift of Polysilicon Nanofilms with Different Deposition Temperatures

Our previous research work indicated that highly boron doped polysilicon nanofilms (≤100 nm in thickness) have higher gauge factor (the maximum is ∼34 for 80 nm-thick films) and better temperature stability than common polysilicon films (≥ 200nm in thickness) at the same doping levels. Therefore, in order to further analyze the influence of deposition temperature on the film structure and piezoresistance performance, the piezoresistive sensitivity, piezoresistive linearity (PRL) and resistance time drift (RTD) of 80 nm-thick highly boron doped polysilicon nanofilms (PSNFs) with different deposition temperatures were studied here. The tunneling piezoresistive model was established to explain the relationship between the measured gauge factors (GFs) and deposition temperature. It was seen that the piezoresistance coefficient (PRC) of composite grain boundaries is higher than that of grains and the magnitude of GF is dependent on the resistivity of grain boundary (GB) barriers and the weight of the resistivity of composite GBs in the film resistivity. In the investigations on PRL and RTD, the interstitial-vacancy (IV) model was established to model GBs as the accumulation of IV pairs. And the recrystallization of metastable IV pairs caused by material deformation or current excitation is considered as the prime reason for piezoresistive nonlinearity (PRNL) and RTD. Finally, the optimal deposition temperature for the improvement of film performance and reliability is about 620 °C and the high temperature annealing is not very effective in improving the piezoresistive performance of PSNFs deposited at lower temperatures.
LEPOR: A Robust Evaluation Metric for Machine Translation with Augmented Factors

In the conventional evaluation metrics of machine translation, considering less information about the translations usually makes the result not reasonable and low correlation with human judgments. On the other hand, using many external linguistic resources and tools (e.g. Part-ofspeech tagging, morpheme, stemming, and synonyms) makes the metrics complicated, timeconsuming and not universal due to that different languages have the different linguistic features. This paper proposes a novel evaluation metric employing rich and augmented factors without relying on any additional resource or tool. Experiments show that this novel metric yields the state-of-the-art correlation with human judgments compared with classic metrics BLEU, TER, Meteor-1.3 and two latest metrics (AMBER and MP4IBM1), which proves it a robust one by employing a feature-rich and model-independent approach.
Stretched-pulse Ho-doped fiber laser mode-locked by graphene based saturable absorber

In this work we propose a simple, all-fiber dispersion managed Ho-doped laser mode-locked with graphene saturable absorber (SA). Dispersion compensating fiber was used to balance the anomalous dispersion of the active and standard single mode fibers, which allows to overcome the limitations set by soliton area theorem. The laser was pumped by a custom-made 1940 nm thulium-doped fiber laser delivering up to 3 W of power. Graphene/PMMA composite sandwiched between fiber connectors serves as a fully fiberized SA. The generated Gaussian pulses centered at 2059 nm reached 53.6 nm of bandwidth. Compressing the pulses by guiding it through SMF-28 fiber yields pulse durations of 190 fs. We also compare the graphene-based laser with a setup mode-locked with nonlinear polarization rotation - an artificial SA. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first demonstration of a nanomaterial-based stretched pulse fiber laser operating beyond 2 μm. The all-fiber cavity is a more robust alternative to setups that include bulk optics, and requires significantly less alignment compared to lasers mode-locked with real SAs
The Perplexing Paradox of Paraquat: The Case for Host‐Based Susceptibility and Postulated Neurodegenerative Effects

Paraquat is an herbicide used extensively in agriculture and has also been proposed to be a risk factor for Parkinson's disease. To date, experimental, clinical, and epidemiological data on paraquat neurotoxicity have been equivocal. In this short review, we discuss some technical and biological mechanisms that contribute to inconsistencies regarding paraquat neurotoxicity. We hypothesize that individual genetic variations in susceptibility generate major differences in neurotoxic risk and functional outcome. Identifying these heritable sources of variation in host susceptibility, and their role in complex gene–environment interactions, is crucial to identify risk biomarkers and to devise better prevention and treatment for those exposed to paraquat and other potential neurotoxicants.
Fermion determinant and chiral anomaly on a finite lattice

The fermion determinant and the chiral anomaly of lattice Dirac operator D on a finite lattice are investigated. The condition for D to reproduce correct chiral anomaly at each site of a finite lattice for smooth background gauge fields is that D possesses exact zero modes satisfying the Atiyah-Singer index theorem. This is also the necessary condition for D to have correct fermion determinant (ratio) which plays the important role of incorporating dynamical fermions in the functional integral. We outline a scheme for dynamical fermion simulation of lattice QCD with topologically proper D.
New Insights in the Amyloid-Beta Interaction with Mitochondria

Biochemical and morphological alterations of mitochondria may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Particularly, mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of amyloid-beta-induced neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer's disease. The recent emphasis on the intracellular biology of amyloid-beta and its precursor protein (APP) has led researchers to consider the possibility that mitochondria-associated and mitochondrial amyloid-beta may directly cause neurotoxicity. Both proteins are known to localize to mitochondrial membranes, block the transport of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins to mitochondria, interact with mitochondrial proteins, disrupt the electron transport chain, increase reactive oxygen species production, cause mitochondrial damage, and prevent neurons from functioning normally. In this paper, we will outline current knowledge of the intracellular localization of amyloid-beta. Moreover, we summarize evidence from AD postmortem brain as well as animal AD models showing that amyloid-beta triggers mitochondrial dysfunction through a number of pathways such as impairment of oxidative phosphorylation, elevation of reactive oxygen species production, alteration of mitochondrial dynamics, and interaction with mitochondrial proteins. Thus, this paper supports the Alzheimer cascade mitochondrial hypothesis such as the most important early events in this disease, and probably one of the future strategies on the therapy of this neurodegenerative disease.
Abdicating choice: the rewards of letting go

Increasingly, people are faced with having to deal with vast amount of digital content. But in some situations, having to choose from such large digital libraries can be unpleasant and even paralysing, especially when people have no strong preference for a particular choice. Digital music listening is an example of such a dilemma. Focusing on Shuffle listening on the iPod, whereby listeners abdicate choice to a system to present content to them randomly, we observe that this mode of abdicating choice not only alleviates the pains of choice but also leads to better user-experience in some circumstances. Randomness is highlighted as a versatile resource. Acting as a device that ‘defamiliarises’ the digital music tracks, it refreshes and engages listeners' attention as well as shapes their perceptions. In some cases, the use of randomness enriches their listening experience and even encourages encounters with serendipity.
INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF ADMISSIBLE REPRESENTATIONS OF p-ADIC REDUCTIVE GROUPS

Preface This draft of Casselman’s notes was worked over by the Séminaire Paul Sally in 1992–93. In addition to Sally, participants included Jeff Adler, Peter Anspach, John Boller, Neil Chriss, Stephen DeBacker, Bill Graham, Jason Levy, Alan Roche, and Colin Rust. Although we made hundreds of changes, we did not alter any of the methods used or the numbering of any results. Casselman has neither approved nor disavowed the end product. Several mathematical and stylistic questions have been put aside for another day, which has not yet arrived. These are all indicated in footnotes.
Metagenomics of the Water Column in the Pristine Upper Course of the Amazon River

River water is a small percentage of the total freshwater on Earth but represents an essential resource for mankind. Microbes in rivers perform essential ecosystem roles including the mineralization of significant quantities of organic matter originating from terrestrial habitats. The Amazon river in particular is famous for its size and importance in the mobilization of both water and carbon out of its enormous basin. Here we present the first metagenomic study on the microbiota of this river. It presents many features in common with the other freshwater metagenome available (Lake Gatun in Panama) and much less similarity with marine samples. Among the microbial taxa found, the cosmopolitan freshwater acI lineage of the actinobacteria was clearly dominant. Group I Crenarchaea and the freshwater sister group of the marine SAR11 clade, LD12, were found alongside more exclusive and well known freshwater taxa such as Polynucleobacter. A metabolism-centric analysis revealed a disproportionate representation of pathways involved in heterotrophic carbon processing, as compared to those found in marine samples. In particular, these river microbes appear to be specialized in taking up and mineralizing allochthonous carbon derived from plant material.
Single-Dose Mucosal Immunization with Biodegradable Microparticles Containing a Schistosoma mansoniAntigen

ABSTRACT The purpose of this work was to assess the immunogenicity of a single nasal or oral administration of recombinant 28-kDa glutathioneS-transferase of Schistosoma mansoni (rSm28GST) entrapped by poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG)- or polycaprolactone (PCL)-biodegradable microparticles. Whatever the polymer and the route of administration used, the equivalent of 100 μg of entrapped rSm28GST induced a long-lasting and stable antigen-specific serum antibody response, with a peak at 9 to 10 weeks following immunization. Isotype profiles were comparable, with immunoglobulin G1 being the predominant isotype produced. The abilities of specific antisera to neutralize the rSm28GST enzymatic activity have been used as criteria of immune response quality. Pooled 10-week sera from mice receiving PLG microparticles by the nasal or oral route neutralized the rSm28GST enzymatic activity, whereas sera of mice receiving either PCL microparticles, free rSm28GST, or empty microparticles inefficiently neutralized this enzymatic activity. Finally, this study shows that a single administration of these microparticles could provide distinct and timely release pulses of microencapsulated antigen, which might greatly facilitate future vaccine development.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN.

The Study of Human Development PART 1: IN THE BEGINNING Biocultural Foundations Prenatal Development and Birth PART 2: INFANCY The First Three Months Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy Social and Emotional Development in Infancy PART 3: EARLY CHILDHOOD Language Acquisition Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood Contexts of Development PART 4: MIDDLE CHILDHOOD Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood School as a Context for Development Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood PART 5: ADOLESCENCE Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence Appendix Glossary References Indexes
Combination of similarity measures for effective spoken document retrieval

Often users of information retrieval systems and document authors use different terms to refer to the same concept. For this simple reason, information retrieval is affected by the ‘term mismatch’ problem. The term mismatch problem does not only have the effect of hindering the retrieval of relevant documents, it also produces bad rankings of relevant documents. A similar problem can be found in spoken document retrieval, where terms misrecognized by the speech recognition process can hinder the retrieval of potentially relevant spoken documents. We will call this problem ‘term misrecognition’, by analogy to the term mismatch problem. This paper presents two classes of retrieval models that attempt to tackle both the term mismatch and the term misrecognition problems at retrieval time using term similarity information. The models use either complete or partial knowledge of semantic and phonetic term similarity, evaluated using statistical methods from the corpus.
Versatile Redox Chemistry Complicates Antioxidant Capacity Assessment: Flavonoids as Milieu-Dependent Antiand Pro-Oxidants

Some antioxidants have been shown to possess additional pro-oxidant effects. Diverse methodologies exist for studying redox properties of synthetic and natural chemicals. The latter are substantial components of our diet. Exploration of their contribution to life-extending or -compromising effects is mandatory. Among reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydroxyl radical (•OH) is the most damaging species. Due to its short half-life, the assay has to contain a specific generation system. Plants synthesize flavonoids, phenolic compounds recognized as counter-agents to coronary heart disease. Their antioxidant activities are affected by their hydroxylation patterns. Moreover, in the plant, they mainly occur as glycosides. We chose three derivatives, quercetin, luteolin, and rutin, in attempts to explore their redox chemistry in contrasting hydrogen peroxide environments. Initial addition of hydrogen peroxide in high concentration or gradual development constituted a main factor affecting their redox chemical properties, especially in case of quercetin. Our study exemplifies that a combination of a chemical assay (deoxyribose degradation) with an electrochemical method (square-wave voltammetry) provides insightful data. The ambiguity of the tested flavonoids to act either as anti- or pro-oxidant may complicate categorization, but probably contributed to their evolution as components of a successful metabolic system that benefits both producer and consumer.
Microbial Adhesion to Processing Lines for Fish Fillets and Cooked Shrimp: Influence of Stainless Steel Surface Finish and Presence of Gram-Negative Bacteria on the Attachment of Listeria monocytogenes**

Summary Microflora adhering to surfaces of processing lines in a shrimp factory and a fish processing plant was identified in situ and adhesion of mixed culture of Listeria monocytogenes and Gram-negative bacteria on stainless steel surfaces (untreated, polished and glass beaded) was studied ex situ. The predominant genus attached to the surfaces was Pseudomonas spp. (66 %) in the shrimp factory and Enterobacteriaceae (27 %) in the fish factory. Shrimp juice was used as an enrichment broth during the study of adhered bacteria. Three different Gram-negative strains and a mixture of Pseudomonas spp. were selected to study their attachment together with L. monocytogenes to stainless steel surfaces. Highest numbers of the attached bacteria were obtained after the contamination with a mixed culture of L. monocytogenes and Serratia liquefaciens. A lower number of bacteria adhered to stainless steel surfaces when mixed cultures of L. monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens or Aeromonas spp. were tested. No significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in the bacteria attached to differently treated steel surfaces with different roughness (Ra=0.1–0.8 m). Bacterial adhesion increased with longer contact time. Colonisation of L. monocytogenes on stainless steel surfaces was significantly enhanced only in the presence of mixed Pseudomonas spp. These results indicate that smooth surfaces do not necessarily provide hygiene benefits over rougher surfaces.
Evaluation of a glassless photographic film scanner for high-gradient radiochromic film dosimetry

This study evaluates the performance of the Nikon Coolscan 9000 ED film scanner for high-gradient radiochromic film dosimetry. As a reference for comparison, analogue experiments were performed on the Epson Expression 10000XL flatbed scanner. Based on these results, a dosimetric protocol was established for the Nikon scanner and its overall performance for high-gradient dosimetry was evaluated. The Nikon scanner demonstrated a high sensitivity for radiochromic film dosimetry, resulting in more contrast in the digitized image. The scanner's optics also demonstrated excellent stability and did not necessitate warm-up scans prior to data acquisition. Moreover, negative effects of temperature changes of the film inside the scanner were shown to be limited. None of the digitized images showed significant disturbances by moiré-patterns, by virtue of the absence of a glass plate for film positioning. However, scanner response was found to vary considerably across the reading area, requiring an optical density-dependent correction procedure to be incorporated into the scanning protocol. The main limitation of the Nikon Coolscan 9000 ED transmission scanner remains its film size restriction to 6.2 × 20 cm2. Nevertheless, its excellent characteristics render it the preferential tool for high-gradient radiochromic film dosimetry in applications limited to small film sizes, such as dosimetry in the build-up region.
Why Johnny Still, Still Can't Encrypt: Evaluating the Usability of a Modern PGP Client

This paper presents the results of a laboratory study involving Mailvelope, a modern PGP client that integrates tightly with existing webmail providers. In our study, we brought in pairs of participants and had them attempt to use Mailvelope to communicate with each other. Our results shown that more than a decade and a half after \textit{Why Johnny Can't Encrypt}, modern PGP tools are still unusable for the masses. We finish with a discussion of pain points encountered using Mailvelope, and discuss what might be done to address them in future PGP systems.
Hierarchical Hybrid Translation between English and German

We present new results from a hybrid combination of rule-based machine translation (RBMT) with a variant of statistical machine translation (SMT) that supports hierarchical structures and is therefore able to preserve more of the linguistic structures obtained from the RBMT system than versions of SMT that operate on flat phrases alone. Having shown in (Chen and Eisele, 2010) for the first time that a tighter integration of hierachical MT systems from different paradigms leads to consistent improvements for translation from German to English in various experimental settings, the current paper generalizes the approach to translation from English to German, where we observe similar improvements. These findings indicate that hybrid combinations of MT paradigms can benefit from structural similarities in the underlying models, which makes us expect even stronger benefits from a tight integration of different approaches.