Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling in vivo creatine/phosphocreatine in vitro reveals divergent adaptations in human muscle mitochondrial respiratory control by ADP after acute and chronic exercise

Mitochondrial respiratory sensitivity to ADP is thought to influence muscle fitness and is partly regulated by cytosolic–mitochondrial diffusion of ADP or phosphate shuttling via creatine/phosphocreatine (Cr/PCr) through mitochondrial creatine kinase (mtCK). Previous measurements of respiration in vitro with Cr (saturate mtCK) or without (ADP/ATP diffusion) show mixed responses of ADP sensitivity following acute exercise vs. less sensitivity after chronic exercise. In human muscle, modelling in vivo ‘exercising’ [Cr:PCr] during in vitro assessments revealed novel responses to exercise that differ from detections with or without Cr (±Cr). Acute exercise increased ADP sensitivity when measured without Cr but had no effect ±Cr or with +Cr:PCr, whereas chronic exercise increased sensitivity ±Cr but lowered sensitivity with +Cr:PCr despite increased markers of mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Controlling in vivo conditions during in vitro respiratory assessments reveals responses to exercise that differ from typical ±Cr comparisons and challenges our understanding of how exercise improves metabolic control in human muscle.
Rapid hepatic fate specification of adipose‐derived stem cells and their therapeutic potential for liver failure

Background and Aim: Multipotential mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), present in many organs and tissues, represent an attractive tool for the establishment of a successful stem cell‐based therapy in the field of regeneration medicine. Adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT‐MSC), known as adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC) are especially attractive in the context of future clinical applications because of their high accessibility and minimal invasiveness during the procedure to obtain them. The goal of the present study was to induce human ASC into functional hepatocytes in vitro within a very short period of time and to check their therapeutic potential in vivo.
Pleural fibrosis mediates shrinking lungs syndrome in children

The etiology of restrictive lung physiology in SLS is not well‐defined, and has been hypothesized to be due to defects in lung recoil, phrenic nerve function and diaphragmatic strength. We present a case of SLS in an adolescent in whom imaging and electrophysiology studies demonstrate pleural fibrosis as the fundamental defect accounting for the restrictive lung physiology. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:90–92. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Clinical Status of Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is becoming a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the whole world. Stem cell-based therapy is emerging as a promising option for treatment of ICM. Several stem cell types including cardiac-derived stem cells (CSCs), bone marrow-derived stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), skeletal myoblasts (SMs), and CD34+ and CD 133+ stem cells have been applied in clinical researches. The clinical effect produced by stem cell administration in ICM mainly depends on the transdifferentiation and paracrine effect. One important issue is that low survival and residential rate of transferred stem cells in the infracted myocardium blocks the effective advances in cardiac improvement. Many other factors associated with the efficacy of cell replacement therapy for ICM mainly including the route of delivery, the type and number of stem cell infusion, the timing of injection, patient's physical condition, the particular microenvironment onto which the cells are delivered, and clinical condition remain to be addressed. Here we provide an overview of the pros and cons of these transferred cells and discuss the current state of their therapeutic potential. We believe that stem cell translation will be an ideal option for patients following ischemic heart disease in the future.
RBWA: an efficient random-bit window-based authentication protocol

Given the wide and rapid deployment of "visitor networks" (Dory Leifer 2002), how to authenticate the user and account the usage on the per-packet basis securely and yet efficiently is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we explore the tradeoff between performance and security, and propose a per-data-packet authentication and access control protocol called RBWA (random-bit window-based authentication). Deployed in the IP layer, RBWA can work with various underlying linker layer specific mechanisms and network topologies. And compared with IPSec, it dramatically reduces the overhead and power consumption by adding only a few bits to each data packet. Furthermore, RBWA is strong against a suite of attacks such as replay attack, denial-of-service attack and spoofing etc. In particular, a robust antireplay window scheme is developed to counter the severe packet reordering. The performance of RBWA is evaluated via the simulation.
Quantitative analysis of mononuclear cells expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in esophageal mucosa

The mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract is presumably an important reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but the level of virus-expressing cells within the mucosa of infected patients is not known. To study this issue, we identified HIV-1 mRNA-expressing (positive) mononuclear cells by in situ hybridization in specimens of esophageal mucosa from eight patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and esophageal infections. Such cells were not found in four patients with AIDS and no esophageal disease. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that the mononuclear cells expressing HIV-1 mRNA were lamina propria macrophages. The prevalence of positive cells was measured by triplicate determinations in each of three experiments using an inverse sampling technique. No significant differences in prevalence were found among patients or among experiments. The overall prevalence of HIV-1 mRNA-expressing cells in the esophageal lamina propria was 0.059 +/- 0.01%. This prevalence of cells expressing HIV-1 mRNA in the mucosa of patients with mucosal infections may reflect the local abundance of stimuli such as bacterial endotoxin and certain cytokines capable of inducing viral transcription.
Identification of soluble and membrane‐bound isoforms of porcine tumor necrosis factor receptor 2

Uribe‐Herranz M, Casinghino SR, Bosch‐Presegué L, Fodor WL, Costa C. Identification of soluble and membrane‐bound isoforms of porcine tumor necrosis factor receptor 2. Xenotransplantation 2011; 18: 131–146. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions: clinical pattern and causative agents--a 6 year series from Chandigarh, India.

AIM To study the different clinical spectrum of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADR) and to determine the causative drugs. MATERIALS & METHODS A prospective, hospital based study was carried out over a period of 6 years recording various cutaneous ADR. RESULTS A total of 500 patients with cutaneous ADR were enrolled in the study. The most common types of cutaneous ADR patterns were maculopapular rash (34.6%), fixed drug eruption (FDE) (30%) and urticaria (14%). The drugs most often incriminated for the various cutaneous ADR were antimicrobials (42.6%), anticonvulsants (22.2%) and NSAIDs (18%). Anticonvulsants were implicated in 41.6% of maculopapular rashes. Sulfonamides accounted for 43.3% and NSAIDs for 30.7% of FDE. Urticaria was caused mainly by NSAIDs(24.3%) and penicillins(20%). Anticonvulsants were responsible for 43.8% of life-threatening toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens Johnson syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The clinical pattern and drugs causing cutaneous ADR are similar to those observed in other countries except for minor variations. Cutaneous ADR patterns and the drugs causing various reactions are changing every year, which may be due to the emergence of newer molecules and changing trends in the use of drugs.
The Role of Field Education in a University–Community Partnership Aimed at Curriculum Transformation

ABSTRACT University–community partnerships can play an important role in curriculum development, but little has been written about the role of community agencies in designing curricula. This article describes the role of field education in an innovative university–community partnership aimed at transforming an MSW curriculum to integrate a trauma-informed and human rights perspective throughout foundation- and advanced-year courses. This university–community partnership positioned field educators and social service agencies in a collaborative relationship with faculty in curriculum development. The benefits and potential challenges associated with employing a university–community partnership for curriculum change are discussed, and recommendations are provided for schools that are interested in using this approach.
Fire and Ice: Partner Aggression and Withdrawal

Family-of-origin aggression (FOOA) is an established risk factor for adult partner aggression. The research presented in this thesis tested a model proposing that (FOOA) is mediated through attachment and attributions to influence male and female partner aggression and withdrawal in early stage couple relationships. Study 1 tested the influence of FOOA, attachment, and attributions on partner aggression in a sample of 73 newlywed couples. FOOA was associated with male-to-female aggression, but not female-to-male aggression. Therefore the hypothesis that the influence of FOOA on partner aggression was mediated through attachment and attributions was tested only for men. Attachment was significantly associated with attributions, but there was no association between FOOA and attachment or between attributions and male partner aggression. Study 2 tested the influence of FOOA, attachment, and attributions on partner aggression and withdrawal in a sample of 101 dating couples. Structural equation model analyses found different results for men and women. For male partner aggression, the influence of FOOA was partially mediated through attachment and attributions. For male withdrawal, the influence of FOOA on withdrawal was fully mediated through attachment and attributions. The association between FOOA and withdrawal was also mediated through attachment independent of attributions, and through attributions independent of attachment. For female partner aggression and female withdrawal, the predicted associations were found for the attachment anxiety models but not for the attachment avoidance models. The current findings suggest that attachment and attributions should be intervention targets for improving relationship outcomes. The gender differences in model fit emphasise the importance of investigating risk factors for partner aggression and withdrawal separately for men and women.
Cyber Security of Water SCADA Systems—Part I: Analysis and Experimentation of Stealthy Deception Attacks

This brief aims to perform security threat assessment of networked control systems with regulatory and supervisory control layers. We analyze the performance of a proportional-integral controller (regulatory layer) and a model-based diagnostic scheme (supervisory layer) under a class of deception attacks. We adopt a conservative approach by assuming that the attacker has knowledge of: 1) the system dynamics; 2) the parameters of the diagnostic scheme; and 3) the sensor-control signals. The deception attack presented here can enable remote water pilfering from automated canal systems. We also report a field-operational test attack on the Gignac canal system located in Southern France.
Detecting and Handling Flash-Crowd Events on Cloud Environments

Cloud computing is a highly scalable computing paradigm where resources are delivered to users on demand via Internet. There are several areas that can benefit from cloud computing and one in special is gaining much attention: the flash-crowd handling. Flash-crowd events happen when servers are unable to handle the volume of requests for a specific content (or a set of contents) that actually reach it, thus causing some requests to be denied. For the handling of flash-crowd events in Web applications, clouds can offer elastic computing and storage capacity during these events in order to process all requests. However, it is important that flash-crowd events are quickly detected and the amount of resources to be instantiated during flash crowds is correctly estimated. In this paper, a new mechanism for detection of flash crowds based on concepts of entropy and total correlation is proposed. Moreover, the Flash-Crowd Handling Problem (FCHP) is precisely defined and formulated as an integer programming problem. A new algorithm for solving it, named FCHP-ILS, is also proposed. With FCHP-ILS the Web provider is able to replicate contents in the available resources and define the types and amount of resources to instantiate in the cloud during a flash-crowd event. Finally we present a case study, based on a synthetic dataset representing flash-crowd events in small scenarios aiming at comparing the proposed approach with de facto standard Amazon's Auto Scaling mechanism.
EST_GENOME: a program to align spliced DNA sequences to unspliced genomic DNA

This note describes the program EST_GENOME for aligning spliced DNA to unspliced genomic DNA. It is written in ANSI C and has been tested under Digital OSF3.2. The spurce code and documentation are available from ftp:// www.sanger. ac.uky ftp/pub/ badger/est_genome. 2.tar. Z. The prediction of genes in uncharacterized genomic DNA sequence is currently one of the main problems facing sequence annotators. Methods based on de novo prediction, e.g. searching for motifs like the splice-site consensus, or on statistical properties such as biased codon usage, etc. (Solovyev et al., 1994; Hebsgaard et al., 1996) have been only partially successful, and investigators have often found that the surest way of predicting a gene is by alignment with a homologous protein sequence (Birney et al., 1996; Gelfand et al., 1996; Huang and Zhang, 1996), or a spliced gene product [an expressed sequence tag (EST), mRNA or cDNA], particularly now that a large number of ESTs are available (Hillier et al., 1996). Standard alignment tools are not ideal for finding the correct alignment of a spliced product to genomic DNA, because of the large introns which can occur in the genomic sequence and because the programs ignore the conserved sequences found at donor/acceptor splice sites (intron/exon boundaries). In addition, very large genomic DNA sequences can be hard to align using quadratic-space dynamic programming because they require too much memory. The program EST_GENOME addresses this problem. It allows large introns, can recognize splice sites and uses limited memory. This combination of features makes a powerful and useful tool. EST_GENOME is used routinely at the Sanger Centre to help annotate human genomic sequence. As it is slow compared with search methods like BLAST (Altschul et al., 1990), we first screen genomic DNA against dbEST using BLASTN. Any matching ESTs are realigned using EST_GENOME. The algorithm uses a modification of Smith and Waterman (1981). The penalty structure used to score an alignment is as follows (defaults are in parentheses). Aligned bases score +match (1) or cost —mismatch (1) as appropriate. An indel in
Effect of Organic Acids and Prebiotics on Bone Quality in Laying Hens Fed Diets with Two Levels of Calcium and Phosphorus

In an experiment conducted on caged Bovans Brown hens, the effect of diet supplementation using organic acids and prebiotic fructans on the biomechanical and geometrical indicators of the tibia and femur bones was evaluated. At 25 weeks of age, layers were randomly assigned to 14 experimental groups, each comprising 6 hens kept in individual cages. A 2 × 7 factorial arrangement, with two dietary levels of calcium and phosphorus (normal – 37.0 g Ca/kg, 6.5 g P/kg, and reduced – 32.5 g Ca/kg, 6.0 g P/kg), and with diets supplemented by selected additives (none; inulin, 7.5 g/kg; oligofructose, 7.5 g/kg; short chain fatty acids (SCFA), 5.0 g/kg; medium chain fatty acid (MCFA), 2.5 g/kg; SCFA, 3.0 g/kg + MCFA, 2.0 g/kg; inulin, 3.0 g/kg + SCFA, 5.0 g/kg) was used. The experiment was conducted for 45 weeks and concluded when the hens were 70 weeks old. At 70 weeks of age, reducing the dietary levels of Ca and P had decreased the bone breaking strength by 8.9% (P ≤ 0.001) and the yielding load by 5.6% (P ≤ 0.05). A similar tendency for bone breaking strength (P ≤ 0.05) and stiffness (P ≤ 0.05) was found in the femur bones. The diet with a lower level of Ca and P negatively affected the geometrical indicators of the bones such as cortex thickness (P ≤ 0.05) and cross section area (P ≤ 0.05), but had no effect on bone weight and length. Hens fed diets supplemented with oligofructose, MCFA, SCFA + MCFA or inulin + SCFA displayed a significantly higher bone breaking strength and yield load in the tibia bone than that of the control group. In the case of femurs, a positive influence of MCFA or simultaneous addition of inulin + SCFA on bone breaking strength was found. The additives had no significant effects on the geometrical indicators of either bone. It was concluded that selected feed additives which lower the pH of the diet and intestinal content can beneficially affect the biomechanical indicators of the bones of high-productive laying hens.
Selecting a test for the clinical assessment of balance and walking capacity at the definitive fitting state after unilateral amputation: a comparative study

Background: There is a lack of data and consensus concerning the most appropriate functional evaluation in clinical practice at the definitive prosthetic phase after lower limb amputation. Objectives: To determine among several selected functional tests the most pertinent to evaluate balance and prosthetic walking. Study Design: Validation of a diagnostic procedure. Methods: Sixty-four patients were included. Outcome measures: Timed Up and Go test, Functional Reach test (FRT), one-leg balance, tandem test, Modified Houghton Scale, Berg Balance Scale, two-minute walk test (2MW test). Correlations were assessed with the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Principal Component Analysis. Score distribution was analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk W normality test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn to identify the best predictor for the function. Results: The clinical tests correlated highly with each other. Only 2MW test and FRT did not have either a floor/ceiling effect, or a bi-modal distribution. The 2MW test was the best predictor of prosthetic walking limitations (area under the curve 0.93 (0.83–0.97), the best threshold was between 130 and 150 meters), and FRT was best for balance. Conclusions: 2MW test can be proposed as the first-line clinical test. The FRT can be indicated for the specific assessment of balance disorders. Clinical relevance This validation of a clinical evaluation of balance and walking capacity after lower limb amputation may be useful in everyday practice to ensure in a simple and standardized way the follow-up of patients and adapt treatments – especially prosthetics – at the definitive prosthetic phase.
Long-Range Chromosome Organization in E. coli: A Site-Specific System Isolates the Ter Macrodomain

The organization of the Escherichia coli chromosome into a ring composed of four macrodomains and two less-structured regions influences the segregation of sister chromatids and the mobility of chromosomal DNA. The structuring of the terminus region (Ter) into a macrodomain relies on the interaction of the protein MatP with a 13-bp target called matS repeated 23 times in the 800-kb-long domain. Here, by using a new method that allows the transposition of any chromosomal segment at a defined position on the genetic map, we reveal a site-specific system that restricts to the Ter region a constraining process that reduces DNA mobility and delays loci segregation. Remarkably, the constraining process is regulated during the cell cycle and occurs only when the Ter MD is associated with the division machinery at mid-cell. The change of DNA properties does not rely on the presence of a trans-acting mechanism but rather involves a cis-effect acting at a long distance from the Ter region. Two specific 12-bp sequences located in the flanking Left and Right macrodomains and a newly identified protein designated YfbV conserved with MatP through evolution are required to impede the spreading of the constraining process to the rest of the chromosome. Our results unravel a site-specific system required to restrict to the Ter region the consequences of anchoring the Ter MD to the division machinery.
Stretching the value-satisfaction-loyalty chain by adding value dimensions and cognitive and affective satisfactions

Purpose – Consensus on how value dimensions are drivers of overall perceived value is a widespread reality in consumer behaviour literature. But scanty research has been done on which of these value dimensions best predict customer loyalty. The purpose of this paper is to propose a causal model that examines how PERVAL dimensions of value affect customers’ loyalty, through both cognitive and affective satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – The model is tested on a sample of 820 Spanish retail customers and the findings suggest that product quality and value for money (cognitive) impact customer loyalty through emotional and social value (affective), with significant direct and indirect effects through both cognitive and affective satisfaction. Findings – Notably, the results highlight the mediating role of shoppers’ emotional and social value on the linkages between satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, this study has proved the embedded impact of value dimensions on overall satisfaction and behaviour.