Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A calibration system and perturbation analysis for the Modulated Wideband Converter

A calibration system is proposed in this paper for the Modulated Wideband Converter (MWC), which is an efficient sampling system for the sparse multiband signals. The proposed calibration system has the ability to acquire actual measurement matrix and is achievable both in its structure and in its computational complexity. The perturbation performance of the MWC is also analyzed, and it is proved that under some rational assumptions, the relative error of the multiband signal recovered by the MWC is limited by the noise level in the observation and the extended singular value of the perturbation to the measurement matrix.
S4N: A spectroscopic survey of stars in the solar neighborhood: The nearest 15 pc

We report the results of a high-resolution spectroscopic survey of all the stars more luminous than M V = 6.5 mag within 14.5 pc from the Sun. The Hipparcos catalog's completeness limits guarantee that our survey is comprehensive and free from some of the selection effects in other samples of nearby stars. The resulting spectroscopic database, which we have made publicly available, includes spectra for 118 stars obtained with a resolving power of $R \simeq 50\,000$, continuous spectral coverage between ${\sim} 362{-}921$ nm, and typical signal-to-noise ratios in the range $150{-}600$. We derive stellar parameters and perform a preliminary abundance and kinematic analysis of the F-G-K stars in the sample. The inferred metallicity ([Fe/H]) distribution is centered at about -0.1 dex, and shows a standard deviation of 0.2 dex. A comparison with larger samples of Hipparcos stars, some of which have been part of previous abundance studies, suggests that our limited sample is representative of a larger volume of the local thin disk. We identify a number of metal-rich K-type stars which appear to be very old, confirming the claims for the existence of such stars in the solar neighborhood. With atmospheric effective temperatures and gravities derived independently of the spectra, we find that our classical LTE model-atmosphere analysis of metal-rich (and mainly K-type) stars provides discrepant abundances from neutral and ionized lines of several metals. This ionization imbalance could be a sign of departures from LTE or inhomogeneous structure, which are ignored in the interpretation of the spectra. Alternatively, but seemingly unlikely, the mismatch could be explained by systematic errors in the scale of effective temperatures. Based on transitions of majority species, we discuss abundances of 16 chemical elements. In agreement with earlier studies we find that the abundance ratios to iron of Si, Sc, Ti, Co, and Zn become smaller as the iron abundance increases until approaching the solar values, but the trends reverse for higher iron abundances. At any given metallicity, stars with a low galactic rotational velocity tend to have high abundances of Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, Co, Zn, and Eu, but low abundances of Ba, Ce, and Nd. The Sun appears deficient by roughly 0.1 dex in O, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, Y, Ce, Nd, and Eu, compared to its immediate neighbors with similar iron abundances.
Newton Sketch: A Near Linear-Time Optimization Algorithm with Linear-Quadratic Convergence

We propose a randomized second-order method for optimization known as the Newton Sketch: it is based on performing an approximate Newton step using a randomly projected or sub-sampled Hessian. For self-concordant functions, we prove that the algorithm has super-linear convergence with exponentially high probability, with convergence and complexity guarantees that are independent of condition numbers and related problem-dependent quantities. Given a suitable initialization, similar guarantees also hold for strongly convex and smooth objectives without self-concordance. When implemented using randomized projections based on a sub-sampled Hadamard basis, the algorithm typically has substantially lower complexity than Newton's method. We also describe extensions of our methods to programs involving convex constraints that are equipped with self-concordant barriers. We discuss and illustrate applications to linear programs, quadratic programs with convex constraints, logistic regression and other generalized linear models, as well as semidefinite programs.
Motor unit number estimates and neuromuscular transmission in the tibialis anterior of master athletes: evidence that athletic older people are not spared from age‐related motor unit remodeling

Muscle motor unit numbers decrease markedly in old age, while remaining motor units are enlarged and can have reduced neuromuscular junction transmission stability. However, it is possible that regular intense physical activity throughout life can attenuate this remodeling. The aim of this study was to compare the number, size, and neuromuscular junction transmission stability of tibialis anterior (TA) motor units in healthy young and older men with those of exceptionally active master runners. The distribution of motor unit potential (MUP) size was determined from intramuscular electromyographic signals recorded in healthy male Young (mean ± SD, 26 ± 5 years), Old (71 ± 4 years) and Master Athletes (69 ± 3 years). Relative differences between groups in numbers of motor units was assessed using two methods, one comparing MUP size and muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) determined with MRI, the other comparing surface recorded MUPs with maximal compound muscle action potentials and commonly known as a “motor unit number estimate (MUNE)”. Near fiber (NF) jiggle was measured to assess neuromuscular junction transmission stability. TA CSA did not differ between groups. MUNE values for the Old and Master Athletes were 45% and 40%, respectively, of the Young. Intramuscular MUPs of Old and Master Athletes were 43% and 56% larger than Young. NF jiggle was slightly higher in the Master Athletes, with no difference between Young and Old. These results show substantial and similar motor unit loss and remodeling in Master Athletes and Old individuals compared with Young, which suggests that lifelong training does not attenuate the age‐related loss of motor units.
Quasi-rational Economics

Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1993, Vol 38(9), 1000. Reviews the book, Quasi-Rational Economics by Richard H. Thaler (1992). Thaler presents 16 chapters (some written with collaborators) about “quasirational” behavior and how it affects the validity of traditional economic theories. He presents a variety of research on topics that investigate consumer choice and financial markets, and he proposes some alternate models of economic theory to suggest ways of incorporating quasi-rational thinking into the economic forecast. Although this book draws on some psychological research, Thaler advocates economists developing models for quasirational economics rather than closing up shop and leaving the job to psychoeconomists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
Real-time control of the energy landscape by force directs the folding of RNA molecules

The rugged folding-energy landscapes of RNAs often display many competing minima. How do RNAs discriminate among competing conformations in their search for the native state? By using optical tweezers, we show that the folding-energy landscape can be manipulated to control the fate of an RNA: individual RNA molecules can be induced into either native or misfolding pathways by modulating the relaxation rate of applied force and even be redirected during the folding process to switch from misfolding to native folding pathways. Controlling folding pathways at the single-molecule level provides a way to survey the manifold of folding trajectories and intermediates, a capability that previously was available only to theoretical studies.
Detection of Anomalous Microwave Emission in the Perseus Molecular Cloud with the COSMOSOMAS Experiment

We present direct evidence for anomalous microwave emission in the Perseus molecular cloud, which shows a clear rising spectrum from 11 to 17 GHz in the data from the COSMOSOMAS experiment. By extending the frequency coverage using W ilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe maps convolved with the COSMOSOMAS scanning pattern, we reveal a peak flux density of 42 ± 4 Jy at 22 GHz integrated over an extended area of 1. °65 × 1. °0 centered on R.A. = 55. °4 ± 0. °1 and decl. = +31. °8 ± 0. °1 (J2000). The flux density that we measure at this frequency is nearly an order of magnitude higher than can be explained in terms of normal Galactic emission processes (synchrotron, free-free, and thermal dust). An extended IRAS dust feature, G159.6-18.5, is found near this position, and no bright unresolved source that could be an ultracompact H II region or gigahertz-peaked source could be found. An adequate fit for the spectral density distribution can be achieved from 10 to 50 GHz by including a very significant contribution from electric dipole emission from small spinning dust grains.
Factors associated with previously undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus infection in a population of men who have sex with men and male-to-female transgender women in Lima, Peru

AbstractThe aim of the study was to identify factors associated with undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) and male-to-female transgender women in Lima, Peru.We analyzed characteristics of 378 MSM and transgender women recruited from 2 sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in Lima, Peru. Descriptive analyses compared: (A) HIV-uninfected, (B) previously undiagnosed HIV-infected, and (C) previously diagnosed HIV-infected participants. Multivariable logistic regression models identified: (1) correlates of previously undiagnosed HIV-infection among participants thought to be HIV-uninfected (B vs A); and (2) correlates of previously undiagnosed HIV-infection among HIV-infected participants (B vs C). Subanalysis identified correlates of frequent HIV testing among participants thought to be HIV-uninfected.Among participants, 31.0% were HIV-infected; of those, 35.0% were previously undiagnosed. Among participants thought to be HIV-uninfected (model 1), recent condomless receptive anal intercourse and last HIV test being over 1-year ago (compared to within the last 6-months) were associated with increased odds of being previously undiagnosed HIV-infected (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.43, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.10–5.36; aOR = 2.87, 95%CI = 1.10–7.53, respectively). Among HIV-infected participants (model 2), recent condomless receptive anal intercourse was again associated with previously undiagnosed HIV-infection (aOR = 2.54, 95%CI = 1.04–6.23). Achieving post-secondary education and prior syphilis infection were associated with lower odds of having previously undiagnosed HIV-infection (aOR = 0.35, 95%CI = 0.15–0.81; aOR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.14–0.75, respectively). Reporting semiannual testing was associated with higher educational attainment, identifying as a transgender woman, or reporting a history of syphilis (aOR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.11–3.37; aOR = 2.40, 95%CI = 1.23–4.70; aOR = 2.76, 95%CI = 1.62–4.71, respectively). Lower odds of semiannual testing were associated with recent condomless insertive anal intercourse or reporting a moderate or high self-perceived risk of acquiring HIV (aOR = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.33–0.96; aOR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.18–0.59 and aOR = 0.43, 95%CI = 0.21–0.86, respectively). In our study, undiagnosed HIV-infection was associated with recent condomless receptive anal intercourse, infrequent HIV testing, lower education, and absence of prior syphilis diagnosis. Infrequent HIV testing was associated with lower education, not identifying as transgender, recent condomless insertive anal intercourse, absence of prior syphilis diagnosis, and higher self-perceived risk of HIV. Further efforts to decrease HIV transmission and increase HIV-serostatus awareness should be directed towards effectively promoting condom use and frequent HIV testing, integrated with STI management.
Bayesian classification theory

The task of inferring a set of classes and class descriptions most likely to explain a given data set can be placed on a firm theoretical foundation using Bayesian statistics. Within this framework and using various mathematical and algorithmic approximations, the AutoClass system searches for the most probable classifications, automatically choosing the number of classes and complexity of class descriptions. A simpler version of AutoClass has been applied to many large real data sets, has discovered new independently-verified phenomena, and has been released as a robust software package. Recent extensions allow attributes to be selectively correlated within particular classes, and allow classes to inherit or share model parameters though a class hierarchy. We summarize the mathematical foundations of AutoClass.
SOLAR ACTIVITY PHASES AND INTERMEDIATE-DEGREE MODE FREQUENCIES

We analyze intermediate-degree p-mode eigenfrequencies measured by Global Oscillation Network Group and Michelson Doppler Imager/Solar and Heliospheric Observatory over a solar cycle to study the source of their variability. We carry out a correlation analysis between the change in frequencies and several measures of the Sun's magnetic activity that are sensitive to changes at different levels in the solar atmosphere. The observations span a period of about 12 years starting from mid-1996 (the minimum of cycle 23) to early-2008 (near minimum of cycle 24), corresponding to a nearly complete solar activity cycle. We demonstrate that the frequencies do vary in phase with the solar activity indices, however, the degree of correlation differs from phase to phase of the cycle. During the rising and declining phases, the mode frequency shifts are strongly correlated with the activity proxies whereas during the high-activity period, the shifts have significantly lower correlation with all activity proxies, except for the 10.7 cm radio flux. In particular, the proxies that are only influenced by the variation of the strong component of the magnetic field in the photosphere have a much lower correlation at the high-activity period. On the other hand, the shifts are better correlated with the proxies sensitive to changes in the weak component of the magnetic field. Our correlation analysis suggests that more than 90% of the variation in the oscillation frequencies in all activity phases can be explained by changes in both components of the magnetic field. Further, the slopes obtained from the linear regression analysis also differ from phase to phase and show a strong correlation with the correlation coefficients between frequency shifts and solar activity.
Constant-time admission control for Deadline Monotonic tasks

The admission control problem is concerned with determining whether a new task may be accepted by a system consisting of a set of running tasks, such that the already admitted and the new task are all schedulable. Clearly, admission control decisions are to be taken on-line, and hence, this constitutes a general problem that arises in many real-time and embedded systems. As a result, there has always been a strong interest in developing efficient admission control algorithms for various setups. In this paper, we propose a novel constant-time admission control test for the Deadline Monotonic (DM) policy, i.e., the time taken by the test does not depend on the number of admitted tasks currently in the system. While it is possible to adapt known utilization bounds from the literature to derive constant-time admission control tests (e.g., the Liu and Layland bound, or the more recent hyperbolic bound), the test we propose is less pessimistic. We illustrate this analytically where possible and through a set of detailed experiments. Apart from the practical relevance of the proposed test in the specific context of DM tasks, the underlying technique is general enough and can possibly be extended to other scheduling policies as well.
Celecoxib, a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor, Reduces Neointimal Hyperplasia Through Inhibition of Akt Signaling

Background—Celecoxib has been shown to have antitumor effects that may be mediated through the cyclooxygenase-independent inhibition of Akt signaling. Here, we examined the effects of celecoxib on neointimal formation after balloon injury and its mechanism of action. Methods and Results—In vitro experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of celecoxib on the Akt/GSK signaling axis and the viability of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In vivo experiments examined the effects of celecoxib, aspirin, and vehicle on neointimal growth after denudation injury to rat carotid arteries. In vitro, celecoxib suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK in cultured VSMCs, leading to a reduction in viable cell number, which was reversed by transduction of constitutively active Akt. Such a reduction in cell number was mediated by inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. In vivo, celecoxib reduced injury-induced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK, reduced VSMC proliferation, and increased caspase-3 activation and VSMC apoptosis at 3 days after injury, whereas aspirin had no effect. At 2 weeks after injury, celecoxib reduced intima-to-media ratio, whereas aspirin had no effect. Adenovirus-mediated delivery of dominant negative Akt was as effective as celecoxib at inhibiting neointimal formation. Conversely, gene delivery of constitutively active Akt significantly reversed the inhibition of intimal hyperplasia by celecoxib, providing causal evidence that the modulation of Akt signaling by celecoxib is a physiologically relevant mechanism. Conclusions—Celecoxib is a potential inhibitor of neointimal formation by blocking injury-induced Akt activation. These findings suggest a potential use for celecoxib in the prevention of restenosis after angioplasty.
The Development of a Measurement Instrument for the Organizational Performance of Social Enterprises

There is a growing consensus that the adoption of performance measurement tools are of particular interest for social enterprises in order to support internal decision‐making and to answer the demands of accountability toward their stakeholders. As a result, different methodologies to assess the non‐financial performance of social enterprises are developed by academics and practitioners. Many of these methodologies are on the one hand discussions of general guidelines or, on the other hand, very case specific. As such, these methodologies do not offer a functional tool for a broad range of social enterprises. The goal of this article is to fill this gap by developing an instrument suitable for the internal assessment and the external reporting of the non‐financial performance of a diverse group of social enterprises. To reach this goal, we used qualitative (focus groups and a Delphi panel) and quantitative research methods (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), involving multiple actors in the field of social entrepreneurship. Focusing on five dimensions of organizational performance (economic, environmental, community, human and governance performance), we offer a set of indicators and an assessment tool for social enterprises.
Large-Scale Inactivation of Bacillus Anthracis Ames, Vollum, and Sterne Spores Using Vaporous Hydrogen Peroxide

This study evaluated the inactivation of Bacillus anthracis Ames, Vollum, and Sterne spores on various materials (glass, Hypalon® rubber glove, and stainless steel) using vaporous hydrogen peroxide fumigation of a ∼15 m3 aerosol research and component assessment (ARCA) chamber. Suspensions of each spore type (∼1 × 108 CFU) were dried on coupons made from each type of test surface and exposed to vaporous hydrogen peroxide fumigation for a decontamination time of 5.5 hours. For these three materials, the log reductions ranged from 7.7 to 7.9, 8.2 to 8.5, and 7.6 to 7.8 for B. anthracis Ames, Vollum, or Sterne spores, respectively. The effectiveness of vaporous hydrogen peroxide fumigation on the growth of Geobacillus stearothermophilus biological indicators (BI) was evaluated in parallel as a qualitative assessment of decontamination. At 1 and 7 days post-exposure, all decontaminated BI exhibited no growth. This study provides information for using vaporous hydrogen peroxide fumigation as an approach for the surface decontamination of B. anthracis spores within a large-scale chamber.
Nuclear hypertrophy reflects increased biosynthetic activities in myocytes of human hypertrophic hearts.

BACKGROUND The nucleus of the myocytes in human hypertrophic hearts is characterized by its bizarre shape and widespread clumping of chromatin. The functional significance has not been determined. METHODS AND RESULTS Left ventricular (LV) endomyocardial biopsies obtained from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM, n=23), postmyocarditis (n=13), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, n=21), apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (APH, n=11) and hypertensive heart disease (HHD, n=11), and from nonhypertrophic hearts (controls, n=14) were examined. Myocyte size and LV mass index were similar among the hypertrophic hearts, but the nuclear hypertrophy score (grade 0-3) was highest in hearts with systolic failure (DCM and postmyocarditis) and higher in those without it (HCM, APH, and HHD), compared with controls. So were biosynthetic activities such as DNA repair/synthesis, immunohistochemically assessed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen, transcription activity by spliceosome component of 35 kDa, and translation efficiency by 70 kDa S6 protein kinase. There were significant correlations between nuclear hypertrophy and each biosynthetic activity. Additionally, most of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive nuclei co-expressed oxidative DNA damage markers. CONCLUSION A link is suggested between structural alteration and molecular biological events in the nuclei of myocytes from human hypertrophic hearts; the nuclear hypertrophy reflects increased biosynthetic activities of DNA repair/synthesis, transcription, and translation efficiency.
Effect of the content of a news item on Spaniards’ attitudes towards Palestinians and Israelis / Efecto del contenido de una noticia sobre la actitud de los españoles hacia palestinos e israelíes

Abstract Based on the effects of framing on audience opinion, the attitudes towards Palestinians and Israelis are evaluated when a news item reports on a violent event between the two sides. To do so, a short inter-group experiment was conducted. A 3 (manipulation of the news item) x 2 (group evaluated) design was applied. Three news formats were presented: (1) about a Palestinian attack on Israel; (2) about an Israeli attack on Palestine; (3) no news item. Half of the participants evaluated the Israelis while the other half evaluated the Palestinians. The results of the study, which was performed with a Spanish sample (N = 319), showed that there were no differences in the evaluation of the group according to the group evaluated, although there were differences according to the manipulation of the news item: in both conditions in which one group attacked another, the group evaluated was rated more negatively than the control group. The results also showed that both emotions and stereotypes mediated the effects of framing on prejudice. These results suggest that the participants’ attitude seems to depend more on the violent framing of the news items than on the role assigned to each group and that emotional processes and stereotypes are what regulate these attitudes.