Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Coaches’ Instruction on Technical Actions, Tactical Behaviour, and External Workload in Football Small-Sided Games

Th is study aimed to explore the eff ects of previous instruction on technical, tactical and external workload performances in football small-sided games. Two 7-a-side balanced competitive teams received instructions regarding the rules of the small-sided games proposed. Additionally, one team received instructions from the coach regarding the collective tactical behaviour required for each exercise condition: (a) Without strategic instruction (WSI); (b) Defensive strategy (DS); (c) Off ensive strategy (OS) to play against the team that only received the rules of the small-sided games. Th e comparisons among game scenarios were assessed via standardised mean diff erences. Th e comparison between WSI and DS revealed higher number of defensive actions, less space covered, and more distance covered in jogging for DS in comparison with WSI. Th e comparison between WSI and OS revealed more passes per ball possession, larger team length, larger space covered, lower distance covered walking, and more distance covered in jogging for OS in comparison with WSI. Th e results reinforce that coaches’ previous instruction constrains the technical, tactical, and physical demands of small-sided games in football. Th e use of previous instruction regarding strategical and tactical behaviour allows highlighting the players’ behaviour and ensures functional team performance.
The evolution and frequency of female color morphs in Holarctic Odonata: why are male-like females typically the minority?

Abstract We compiled data on the occurrence and frequency of distinct female variants among Holarctic Odonata and interpreted the data in light of harassment-based hypotheses. The major source of male confusion for male mimicry hypotheses is predicted to be signal similarity between andromorphs and male distractors; for the learned mate recognition hypothesis (LMR), it is predicted to be variation in female signals. Mapping morphism state onto molecular phylogenies of Ischnura and Enallagma failed to resolve the general ancestral female condition. However, it appeared that the andromorphic state may be ancestral in one case, and that blue structural colors were ancestral to orange and green pigmentations. Of the polymorphic species surveyed, 13% had more than two morphs, 4% had multiple heteromorphs but no andromorph, and 7% of ‘monomorphic’ congeners were functionally polymorphic because developmental variants mate. Such female signal variation lies beyond the scope of simple male mimicry, but nevertheless should exacerbate a male's problem in searching for mates. Andromorphs were the majority morph in at least some populations of 17% of the species for which data were available. Andromorph frequencies of Enallagma species were generally higher than in Ischnura species, as expected if Ischnura andromorphs have higher signal apparency. Andromorph frequency varied significantly across habitats and species, as expected if per capita harassment and signal apparency vary among habitats. Quantification of signal apparency and per capita harassment across populations and among species is required to more rigorously test the extent to which variation in signal crypsis can explain observed variation in morph frequencies.
Interspecific competition in natural plant communities: mechanisms, trade-offs and plant-soil feedbacks

Interspecific competition in natural plant communities is highly dependent on nutrient availability. At high levels of nutrient availability, competition is mainly for light. As light is a unidirectional resource, high-nutrient habitats are dominated by fast-growing perennials with a tall stature and a rather uniform vertical distribution of leaf area. Moreover, these species have high turnover rates of leaves and roots and a high morphological plasticity during the differentiation of leaves. There is less consensus, however, about the importance and intensity of interspecific competition in nutrient-poor environments. It is argued that selection in nutrient-poor habitats is not necessarily on a high competitive ability for nutrients and a high growth rate, but rather on traits which reduce nutrient losses (low tissue nutrient concentrations, slow tissue turnover rates, high nutrient resorption efficiency). Due to evolutionary trade-offs plants can not maximize both growth rate and nutrient retention. Thus, the low growth rate of species from nutrient-poor habitats should be considered as the consequence of nutrient retention rather than as a feature on which direct selection takes place. The contrasting traits of species from nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich habitats mutually exclude them from each others' habitats. Moreover, these traits have severe consequences for litter decomposability and thereby also for nutrient cycling. This leads both in nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich habitats to a positive feedback between plant species dominance and nutrient availability, thereby promoting ecosystem stability.
Outflow and Infall in a Sample of Massive Star-forming Regions

We present single-pointing observations of SiO, HCO+, and H13CO+ from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope toward 23 massive star-forming regions previously known to contain molecular outflows and ultracompact H II regions. We detected SiO toward 14 sources and suggest that the nondetections in the other nine sources could be due to those outflows being older and without ongoing shocks to replenish the SiO. We serendipitously detected SO 2 toward 17 sources in the same tuning as HCO+. We detected HCO+ toward all sources, and suggest that it is tracing infall in nine cases. For seven infall candidates, we estimate mass infall rates between 1 × 10-2 and 2 × 10-5 M☉ yr-1. Seven sources show both SiO detections (young outflows) and HCO+ infall signatures. We also find that the abundance of H13 CO+ tends to increase along with the abundance of SiO in sources for which we could determine abundances. We discuss these results with respect to current theories of massive star formation via accretion. From this survey, we suggest that perhaps both models of ionized accretion and halted accretion may be important in describing the evolution of a massive protostar (or protostars) beyond the formation of an H II region.
Dimension of the harmonic measure of non-homogeneous Cantor sets

Nous montrons que la dimension de la mesure harmonique du complementaire d'ensembles de Cantor de type invariant par translation est une fonction continue des parametres definissant ces ensembles. Ce resultat prolonge un precedent du meme auteur et n'implique pas d'outils de la theorie ergotique, non-applicables dans notre configuration.
Amperometric Electrochemical Microsystem for a Miniaturized Protein Biosensor Array

Protein-based bioelectrochemical interfaces offer great potential for rapid detection, continuous use, and miniaturized sensor arrays. This paper introduces a microsystem platform that enables multiple bioelectrochemical interfaces to be interrogated simultaneously by an onchip amperometric readout system. A post-complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication procedure is described that permits the formation of planar electrode arrays and self assembly of biosensor interfaces on the electrodes. The onchip, 0.5-mum CMOS readout electronics include a compact potentiostat that supports a very broad range of input currents-6 pA to 10 muA-to accommodate diverse biosensor interfaces. The 2.3 times 2.2-mm chip operates from a 5-V supply at 0.6 mA. A prototype electrochemical sensor platform, including an onchip potentiostat and miniaturized biosensor array, was characterized by using cyclic voltammetry. The linear relationship between the oxidization peak values and the concentrations of target analytes in the solution verifies functionality of the system and demonstrates the potential for future implementations of this platform in high sensitivity, low cost, and onchip protein-based sensor arrays.
Planning intentionality and its implications for project planned time

14 DECLARATION . 15 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT . 16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 17 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS . 18 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 19 1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION . 19 1.2 RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES . 21 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS . 21 1.4 SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH . 22 1.5 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS . 22 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH ON PROJECT DELAYS IN CONSTRUCTION . 26 2.
A Discursive Approach to Politeness: Negotiating Offers in Women's Talk by Saudi Arabic and British English Speakers

This study explores naturally occurring offers in Saudi and British female friendship groups by drawing on discursive approaches to politeness, particularly relational work (Locher & Watts, 2005). The study differs from previous politeness research in arguing that discursive politeness investigation should not be limited to verbal communication and qualitative analysis. It explores how non-verbal politeness, a neglected area in the field, is manifested in offer negotiations and employs quantitative analysis of some concepts of discourse analysis to identify politic patterns in offer exchanges. The data were mainly collected through recordings of natural talk among female friends in a dinner setting. Through in-depth examination of the recorded data, 143 offer exchanges were found in the SA corpus and 104 in the BE data. Follow-up interviews and scaled-response questionnaires were employed to obtain a clearer picture of individuals’ perceptions of the offers. The main results showed that the SA and BE friendship groups shared more similarities than differences in their offers. Participants did not invest much discursive work in offering, especially hospitable offers. Reoffering did not constitute a significant part in the friends’ interactions. Non-verbal offers were an essential part of managing relational work. The participants viewed politeness norms as dynamic and situated. Moreover, variability in evaluations was common. Inconsistency between participants’ actual reactions during the talk and evaluations during the interviews were also observed. Finally, this study argues that although relational work can successfully tackle the participants’ perceptions of politeness, it fails to provide a full picture of the discursive struggle over politeness as well as analytic tools to identify politic behaviour in the corpus. It is argued that Spencer-Oatey's (2000, 2002, 2005a) rapport management framework provides some concepts that help interpret what sort of rights affect the participants’ evaluations and that descriptive quantitative analysis can help in the identification of politic patterns in offers. The study succeeded in developing a more in-depth approach to the analysis of politeness.
Constructing 3-Band Symmetric Cardinal Orthogonal Scaling Function

The 3-band symmetric cardinal orthogonal scaling function with compact support is of interest in several applications. In this paper, we provide some characterizations of the 3-band symmetric cardinal orthogonal scaling function. We generalize some results of the symmetric cardinal orthogonal scaling function from the 2-band case to the 3-band case. Also, we find some new results.
Gravity Model: An Application to Trade between Iran and Regional Blocs

In this paper we revisited the recent contribution study which examines the determinants of bilateral trade between Iran and Europe Union, ECO, GCC and ASEAN countries in the period 1995-2009, using a panel data approach. The findings indicate that Iran’ trade flows follow the Linder hypothesis, while the bilateral trade is associated with Heckscher-Ohlin- Samuelson theorem. Results show that geographical distance is negative and significant; trade will increase if the transportation costs decreases. We also introduce the economic dimension and income percapita; these proxies confirm the positive effects on bilateral trade. Our results also confirm the hypothesis that foreign direct investment (FDI) is positively correlated with the trade.
Competency-based approach to human resources management.

Th e paper deals with the competency approach to human resources management. Th e approach is seen as one of the possibilities to eff ectively manage work performance. Th e paper focuses on defi ning the term competency, components of competency, types of competencies, and on identifi cation of competencies. Th e paper also focuses on the competency models, their types, approaches to them, and the procedures of their creation. Finally, the paper summarizes the possibilities of the use of the competency approach in various spheres of management of human resources, and it describes the connection of the competency approach with the strategic management.
Pharmacokinetic predictors for recurrent malaria after dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Ugandan infants.

BACKGROUND Although dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is used primarily in children, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data on DP use in young children are lacking. METHODS We conducted a prospective PK/PD study of piperaquine in 107 young children in Uganda. Samples were collected up to 28 days after 218 episodes of malaria treatment, which occurred during follow-up periods of up to 5 months. Malaria follow-up was conducted actively to day 28 and passively to day 63. RESULTS The median capillary piperaquine concentration on day 7 after treatment was 41.9 ng/mL. Low piperaquine concentrations were associated with an increased risk of recurrent malaria for up to 42 days, primarily in those receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis. In children not receiving TMP-SMX, low piperaquine concentrations were only modestly associated with an increased risk of recurrent malaria. However, for children receiving TMP-SMX, associations were strong and evident for all sampling days, with PQ concentrations of ≤ 27.3 ng/mL on day 7 associated with a greatly increased risk of recurrent malaria. Notably, of 132 cases of recurrent malaria, 119 had detectable piperaquine concentrations at the time of presentation with recurrent malaria. CONCLUSIONS These piperaquine PK/PD data represent the first in children <2 years of age. Piperaquine exposure on day 7 correlated with an increased risk of recurrent malaria after DP treatment in children receiving TMP-SMX prophylaxis. Interestingly, despite strong associations, infants remained at risk for malaria, even if they had residual levels of piperaquine.
Resting-state networks link invasive and noninvasive brain stimulation across diverse psychiatric and neurological diseases

Significance Brain stimulation is a powerful treatment for an increasing number of psychiatric and neurological diseases, but it is unclear why certain stimulation sites work or where in the brain is the best place to stimulate to treat a given patient or disease. We found that although different types of brain stimulation are applied in different locations, targets used to treat the same disease most often are nodes in the same brain network. These results suggest that brain networks might be used to understand why brain stimulation works and to improve therapy by identifying the best places to stimulate the brain. Brain stimulation, a therapy increasingly used for neurological and psychiatric disease, traditionally is divided into invasive approaches, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), and noninvasive approaches, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation. The relationship between these approaches is unknown, therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear, and the ideal stimulation site for a given technique is often ambiguous, limiting optimization of the stimulation and its application in further disorders. In this article, we identify diseases treated with both types of stimulation, list the stimulation sites thought to be most effective in each disease, and test the hypothesis that these sites are different nodes within the same brain network as defined by resting-state functional-connectivity MRI. Sites where DBS was effective were functionally connected to sites where noninvasive brain stimulation was effective across diseases including depression, Parkinson's disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, essential tremor, addiction, pain, minimally conscious states, and Alzheimer’s disease. A lack of functional connectivity identified sites where stimulation was ineffective, and the sign of the correlation related to whether excitatory or inhibitory noninvasive stimulation was found clinically effective. These results suggest that resting-state functional connectivity may be useful for translating therapy between stimulation modalities, optimizing treatment, and identifying new stimulation targets. More broadly, this work supports a network perspective toward understanding and treating neuropsychiatric disease, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeted brain network modulation.
Evolution strategies assisted by Gaussian processes with improved preselection criterion

In many engineering optimization problems, the number of fitness function evaluations is limited by time and cost. These problems pose a special challenge to the field of evolutionary computation, since existing evolutionary methods require a very large number of problem function evaluations. One popular way to address this challenge is the application of approximation models as a surrogate of the real fitness function. We propose a model assisted evolution strategy, which uses a Gaussian process approximation model to preselect the most promising solutions. To refine the preselection process we determine the likelihood of each individual to improve the overall best found solution. Due to this, the new algorithm has a much better convergence behavior and achieves better results than standard evolutionary optimization approaches with less fitness evaluations. Numerical results from extensive simulations on several high dimensional test functions including multimodal functions are presented.
Application of a visual model to the design of an ultra-high definition upscaler

A Visual Model (VM) is used to aid in the design of an Ultra-high Definition (UHD) upscaling algorithm that renders High Definition legacy content on a UHD display. The costly development of such algorithms is due, in part, to the time spent subjectively evaluating the adjustment of algorithm structural variations and parameters. The VM provides an image map that gives feedback to the design engineer about visual differences between algorithm variations, or about whether a costly algorithm improvement will be visible at expected viewing distances. Such visual feedback reduces the need for subjective evaluation. This paper presents the results of experimentally verifying the VM against subjective tests of visibility improvement versus viewing distance for three upscaling algorithms. Observers evaluated image differences for upscaled versions of high-resolution stills and HD (Blu-ray) images, viewing a reference and test image, and controlled a linear blending weight to determine the image discrimination threshold. The required thresholds vs. viewing distance varied as expected, with larger amounts of the test image required at further distances. We verify the VM by comparison of predicted discrimination thresholds versus the subjective data. After verification, VM visible difference maps are presented to illustrate the practical use of the VM during design.
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Heart Failure ∼Novel Pathophysiological Insight and Treatment Strategies∼

Previous basic, clinical, and population sciences have advanced the modern treatment of heart failure. An approach to solve this crucial issue is the further development of novel therapeutic strategies based on a novel insight into the pathophysiology of myocardial remodeling and failure. Recent experimental and clinical studies have suggested that oxidative stress is enhanced in heart failure. The production of oxygen radicals is increased in the failing heart whereas antioxidant enzyme activities are preserved in the normal heart. Mitochondrial electron transport is an enzymatic source of oxygen radical generation and also a target against oxidant-induced damage. Chronic increases in oxygen radical production in the mitochondria can lead to a catastrophic cycle of mitochondrial DNA damage as well as functional decline, further oxygen radical generation, and cellular injury. These cellular events might play an important role in the development and progression of myocardial remodeling and failure. Therefore, mitochondrial oxidative stress and DNA damage are good therapeutic targets. This approach may lead to establish the novel and most effective treatment strategies for patients with heart failure.
Developing Consumer-Based Service Brand Equity via the Internet: The Role of Personalization and Trialability

The commercialization of the Internet has provided opportunities for building service brands in the minds of consumers. Services are characterized as intangible, heterogeneous, inseparable, and perishable features that often engender high information costs and, hence, low perceived value to potential consumers. When a service is available via the Internet—a medium that can subdivide and rebuild the service into personalized offerings—potential consumers become better informed in advance of what the service provides. The Internet also permits most services to be trialable before consumption. These new features, empowered by the Internet, have important implications for what we call consumer-based service brand equity (CSBE), the value that potential consumers assign to a service brand. This article investigates the effects of service personalization and trialability on the development of CSBE of Internet banking service, a typical service available via the Internet. Results from a laboratory experiment indicate that both service personalization and trialability have significant positive influences on the development of the CSBE of an Internet banking service brand. While personalization was found to indirectly influence CSBE development by mediating the perceived benefits of the brand, trialability exerted both a direct and an indirect effect. Trialability developed the brand's CSBE by first mediating the information through gathering cost savings and then the perceived benefits of the brand. Implications of the study's results are discussed.
The relation between low self-esteem and depressive mood in a non-clinical sample: The role of gender and negative life events

The suggestion that self-esteem is both a protective and a risk factor for depression is well documented. However, this association is not consistently observed by empirical research. The current study investigated the main and interactive effects of low self-esteem and stressful life events on depressive mood in a sample of university students (N = 862; female = 72%; black = 67%; mean age = 21.70, SD = 13.51). The students completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM); with stressful life events scores as a mediator, and gender as a moderator, of the relation between low self-esteem and depression. Results indicate that low self-esteem significantly predicted depression, and that stressful life events partially mediated that relationship. Support emerged for the vulnerability effects of low self-esteem on depression and they held across gender groups. Low self-esteem may be a significant indicator of individuals who are at risk for developing depressive mood.