Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[C ii] LINE EMISSION IN MASSIVE STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT z = 4.7

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the [C ii] 157.7 μm fine structure line and thermal dust continuum emission from a pair of gas-rich galaxies at z = 4.7, BR1202-0725. This system consists of a luminous quasar host galaxy and a bright submillimeter galaxy (SMG), while a fainter star-forming galaxy is also spatially coincident within a 4″ (25 kpc) region. All three galaxies are detected in the submillimeter continuum, indicating FIR luminosities in excess of 1013 L☉ for the two most luminous objects. The SMG and the quasar host galaxy are both detected in [C ii] line emission with luminosities L[C ii] = (10.0 ± 1.5) × 109 L☉ and L[C ii] = (6.5 ± 1.0) × 109 L☉, respectively. We estimate a luminosity ratio L[C ii]/LFIR = (8.3 ± 1.2) × 10−4 for the starburst SMG to the north and L[C ii]/LFIR = (2.5 ± 0.4) × 10−4 for the quasar host galaxy, in agreement with previous high-redshift studies that suggest lower [C ii]-to-FIR luminosity ratios in quasars than in starburst galaxies. The third fainter object with a flux density S340 GHz = 1.9 ± 0.3 mJy is coincident with a Lyα emitter and is detected in HST ACS F775W and F814W images but has no clear counterpart in the H band. Even if this third companion does not lie at a redshift similar to BR1202-0725, the quasar and the SMG represent an overdensity of massive, infrared luminous star-forming galaxies within 1.3 Gyr of the big bang.
Higher surface mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet revealed by high‐resolution climate modeling

High‐resolution (∼11 km) regional climate modeling shows total annual precipitation on the Greenland ice sheet for 1958–2007 to be up to 24% and surface mass balance up to 63% higher than previously thought. The largest differences occur in coastal southeast Greenland, where the much higher resolution facilitates capturing snow accumulation peaks that past five‐fold coarser resolution regional climate models missed. The surface mass balance trend over the full 1958–2007 period reveals the classic pattern expected in a warming climate, with increased snowfall in the interior and enhanced runoff from the marginal ablation zone. In the period 1990–2007, total runoff increased significantly, 3% per year. The absolute increase in runoff is especially pronounced in the southeast, where several outlet glaciers have recently accelerated. This detailed knowledge of Greenland's surface mass balance provides the foundation for estimating and predicting the overall mass balance and freshwater discharge of the ice sheet.
The Tax-Timing Option and the Discounts on Closed-End Investment Companies

For all options, including tax-timing options, a portfolio of options is more valuable than an option on the corresponding portfolio. This observation is consistent with the puzzling empirical regularity that closed-end funds sell at discounts from their net asset value. Consistent with this theory, the authors' results show that, cross-sectionally, the discounts are positively correlated with the average variance of the constituent assets in the fund and that in time series the value of the discount varies countercyclically. Estimation of a specific model was not sufficiently precise to provide additional insights into the pricing of tax-timing options. Copyright 1991 by University of Chicago Press.
Measuring efficiency and productivity growth in Japanese banking: a nonparametrie frontier approach

The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature and extent of efficiency and productivity growth in Japanese banking by using nonparametric frontier techniques which allow for technical inefficiency and technological progress/regress. Here, productivity change indexes (the Malmquist productivity, efficiency change and technological change indexes) as well as technical efficiency measures are computed from a 1989-1991 sample of panel data. The study indicates at least five key findings which are summarized in the last section of this paper.
Pricing Vulnerable Options with Correlated Credit Risk Under Jump‐Diffusion Processes

This study extends the framework of Klein [Journal of Banking & Finance, 20, 1211–1229] to price vulnerable options. We provide a pricing model for vulnerable options which face not only default risk but also rare shocks encountered by the underlying asset and the assets of the counterparty. The dynamics of asset prices are governed by jump‐diffusions with two sorts of assets correlated with each other. Jumps are divided into idiosyncratic component for each asset price and systematic component affecting the prices of all assets. A closed‐form valuation formula is derived for vulnerable European options. Numerical analysis compares the results of this model with those of other pricing formulae, and illustrates jump effects on the vulnerable option prices. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:957–979, 2014
“Dream on”: Declining Homeownership Among Young People in Australia?

ABSTRACT The basis on which policy-makers, researchers and commentators promote the idea that Australia has witnessed a major decline in homeownership is reliant on measurements that are rarely scrutinized. In this article, certain findings about changes in homeownership rates are examined while also pointing to the ways that counting processes informed by certain assumptions that are problematic. While the material used in this article is Australian, we suggest that many of the issues raised are also common to other western nations and for this reason the arguments and conclusions made have a more general application. We note that considerable variations exist in purported changes in homeownership rates, while also arguing that reliance on census data does not allow strong conclusions to be drawn about homeownership rates or movements in and out of homeownership over the past few decades of young people, or indeed any age cohort. Different data and analyses are required. Homeownership rates involve definitions and interpretations, which have significance that are too often are fully appreciated by policy-makers. This, it is argued, has serious implications for housing policy.
Active labour market policy and employment flows

Analyses Polish active labour market policy programmes (ALMP) from a macroeconomic (regional) point of view. The effects of training programmes on the outflows from unemployment into employment and the effects of all ALMP programmes on the outflows from employment into unemployment (to identify displacement effects) are estimated. The empirical evidence gives no support to the view that public training programmes can be used to reduce unemployment, and there is no robust evidence for displacement effects by any ALMP programme. The result that start‐up loans can reduce flows from employment into unemployment is only weakly significant.
30-day readmissions among seriously ill older adults.

BACKGROUND Inpatient palliative consultation are generally provided to seriously ill hospitalized patients with the intent to alleviate pain and suffering and develop a plan of care for the patient. Although numerous benefits of this service have been documented, little is known about hospital readmission rates and factors associated with these readmissions. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate factors associated with 30-day hospital readmission among patients receiving a consultation from an inpatient palliative care (ICP) team. DESIGN We conducted a retrospective cohort study. SETTING/SUBJECTS Data from 408 managed care patients 65 years old and older were collected in 2007-2009 following an IPC consultation and subsequent hospital discharge. MEASUREMENTS IPC and medical service use records were utilized. RESULTS Among IPC patients, 10% of those discharged from the hospital were readmitted within 30 days. Factors associated with hospital readmission included being discharged from the hospital with no care in the home or to a nursing facility. Receipt of hospice or home-based palliative care post-discharge was associated with significantly lower odds of hospital readmission. CONCLUSIONS This study found that receipt of palliative care following hospital discharge was an important factor in reducing 30-day hospital readmissions. Further study is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of longitudinal palliative care models in reducing 30-day hospital readmissions among seriously ill patients.
[Psychosexual problem in young people with Down syndrome in parents' opinions - personal experience].

INTRODUCTION Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder affecting psychomotor and psychosexual development connected with mental retardation and endocrine disorders. This study aimed to assess the physical and psychosexual development of adolescents with DS. MATERIAL AND METHODS The subjects were 33 adolescents with DS (aged 11-26 years) and their parents. The research is based on the anthropometric measurements of children and questionnaire for parents asking about sexual development of their child and opinion about the sexual life of people with DS. RESULTS Most of parents noticed signs of physical sexual development. Over 60% of adolescents reacted to these changes showing interest. About 70% of girls had menarche. 91% of parents observed changes in behavior - instability of mood, revolt and shame. 37% of parents talked with their child on sexual topics, most of them answered to child's interest. 47% of youth, especially boys, showed interest in opposite sex. Half of the youth had plans of having a family, nevertheless most of parents did not approve starting family by their children. When asked about means of contraception, parents preferred contraceptive pills and sterilization. 34% of parents would panic at the information of their children's pregnancy. 23% wouldn't accept marriage between adults with DS, 66% were against having offspring by them. CONCLUSIONS The psychosexual development of people with DS is characterized by similar problems as the puberty of healthy adolescents. The essential issue is the necessity of the sex education and support for youth with DS, which will allow to avoid sexual abuse as well as asexual treatment of adolescents.
Distinct Transcriptional Pathways Regulate Basal and Activated Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Expression

ABSTRACT Transcription of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes is regulated by both tissue-specific (basal) and hormone/cytokine (activated) mechanisms. Although promoter-proximal regulatory elements have been characterized extensively, the role of the core promoter in mediating regulation has been largely undefined. We report here that the class I core promoter consists of distinct elements that are differentially utilized in basal and activated transcription pathways. These pathways recruit distinct transcription factor complexes to the core promoter elements and target distinct transcription initiation sites. Class I transcription initiates at four major sites within the core promoter and is clustered in two distinct regions: “upstream” (−14 and −18) and “downstream” (+12 and +1). Basal transcription initiates predominantly from the upstream start site region and is completely dependent upon the general transcription factor TAF1 (TAFII250). Activated transcription initiates predominantly from the downstream region and is TAF1 (TAFII250) independent. USF1 augments transcription initiating through the upstream start sites and is dependent on TAF1 (TAFII250), a finding consistent with its role in regulating basal class I transcription. In contrast, transcription activated by the interferon mediator CIITA is independent of TAF1 (TAFII250) and focuses initiation on the downstream start sites. Thus, basal and activated transcriptions of an MHC class I gene target distinct core promoter domains, nucleate distinct transcription initiation complexes and initiate at distinct sites within the promoter. We propose that transcription initiation at the core promoter is a dynamic process in which the mechanisms of core promoter function differ depending on the cellular environment.
In Search of Platforms to Increase Market Responsiveness: Evidence from Foreign Subsidiaries

Market responsiveness is one of several important outcome consequences that denote a foreign subsidiary's success. The authors examine how foreign subsidiaries can improve their market responsiveness through understanding the different roles of information system integration and knowledge codification in connection with related market knowledge that resides in their headquarters. The authors test hypotheses on data collected from 140 foreign subsidiaries in China. The results indicate that knowledge codification plays a key role in influencing market responsiveness directly and further acts as a critical mechanism that mediates the impacts of knowledge relatedness and information system integration on market responsiveness. The authors discuss the implications of these results for research and practice.
The First- and Second-Hand Effect of Analysts' Stock Recommendations: Evidence from the Swiss Stock Market

This paper empirically investigates the impact of both the first release of analysts' stock recommendations to a limited clientele and the subsequent dissemination of the same information in a major newspaper to a broader audience. For a sample of 1460 stock recommendations published in FuW, Switzerland's major financial newspaper, significant positive abnormal returns on the day of the original release of buy recommendations and on the day of publication in FuW are documented. Tests of the price pressure and information hypotheses reveal that analysts' recommendations contain new information, which is quickly incorporated in the stock prices on the first release of this information. In contrast, the statistically significant announcement effects associated with the subsequent publication can be primarily ascribed to price pressure in the underlying securities.
Regulatory Oversight of Financial Reporting: Securities and Exchange Commission Comment Letters

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reviews company filings (10Q, 10K, S1, etc.) submitted to them. If a review identifies potential deficiencies, the SEC staff sends the company a comment letter seeking clarification, additional information, and ultimately perhaps, revision of the filing or future filings. We examine the content, resolution, and ensuing informational consequences of SEC comment letters. The content analysis shows that nearly half of all comments involve accounting application, financial reporting, and disclosure issues. More than 17 percent of our sample cases result in immediate amended filings to resolve the issue(s) arising from the comment letters, and financial statements and/or footnotes are frequently revised. Following comment letter resolution, the adverse selection component of the bid-ask spread declines and Earnings Response Coefficients (ERCs) increase. Our results provide little support for the conjecture that the market interprets the receipt of a comment letter as a signal that the firm has poor reporting quality. Finally, we find no evidence that comment letter firms increase the quantity or change the type of voluntary disclosure, thereby eliminating a possible competing explanation for the improved information environment. We conclude the SEC’s oversight has beneficial informational effects.
Hevea Germplasm in Vietnam: Conservation, Characterization, Evaluation and Utilization

Germplasm collections have provided original materials for plant breeding program and crop improvement. Because of their genetic diversity and possible occurrence of particular desirable genes, germplasm collections are useful targets for plant breeders as well as other biologists. Recently, many of germplasm are being lost worldwide due to habitat destruction, invasion of foreign species, and reliance on fewer high yielding strains. Therefore, maintaining germplasm of agricultural crops is very important. Normally, a germplasm collection will be utilized based on its characters of immediate perceived value or its potential variation. Furthermore, it can also be used to better understand the properties and performances of the plants, particularly at the genomic level. Nowadays, countries all over the world have set up facilities for conservation, characterization and utilization of germplasm collections of various crops either directly or indirectly.
Employee‐centred management in a call centre

Purpose – This paper presents the findings of research undertaken in a customer contact centre in Ireland in which a series of measures were introduced to implement employee‐centred work practices. The paper examines the processes by which the measures were undertaken and considers the changes to performance that were attributed to the involvement initiatives.Design/methodology/approach – An action research approach was utilised in studying the problem and a variety of measures were utilised to identify alterations in employee perceptions and employee performance over the period of the introduction of the changes.Findings – The results of the interventions within the call centre indicated improvements in employee perceptions of their work situation as measured by the dimensions of the survey instrument. In addition, performance also improved during this time. However, while the thrust behind the change initiatives was one of involvement, at the same time decisions about which issues were open to an involv.
Brain electrical activity mapping of EEG for the diagnosis of (sub)clinical hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease

We studied the role of brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) in the assessment of neuropsychiatric disturbances in 48 cirrhotic patients without clinical evidence of hepatic encephalopathy (no HE, n = 19), with subclinical HE (grade 0, denoting pathological psychometric tests, n = 13) and mild-to-moderate HE (grade I, n = 6; grade II, n = 10). Results were compared with 23 healthy controls. BEAM variables quantified were: (i) the peak frequency (PF); (ii) the amplitude of PF; and (iii) the topographic localization of the maximum peak amplitude digitized for quantification by using a co-ordinate system. Mean amplitudes and their topographic localization in the following frequency-bands were analysed: delta (1.0–3.5 Hz), theta (4.0–7.5 Hz), alpha 1 (8.0–9.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.0–11.5 Hz), beta 1 (12.0–15.5 Hz), beta 2 (16.0–19.5 Hz), and beta 3 (20.0–23.5 Hz). The PF was significantly slower in all HE patients than in healthy controls (8.5 ± 2.0 Hz v. 10.1 ± 1.0 Hz, P < 0.001). Even in no HE, the PF was significantly slower than in controls (8.6 ± 1.5 Hz v. 10.1 ± 1.0 Hz, P < 0.01). No relevant topographic differences of PF were observed. The mean amplitudes of the following bands differed significantly between controls and patients: theta (increased in HE, P < 0.05), alpha 2 (decreased in HE, P < 0.05), and beta 2 and beta 3 (increased in HE, P < 0.05). In HE patients, the topographic localization of all beta bands showed a significant shift from parieto-occipital areas to central areas of the cortex. We conclude that BEAM is a sensitive tool for detecting neuropsychiatric disturbances in cirrhotics with no HE and with subclinical HE. The combination of PF in the theta band, increased mean amplitude in the beta 2 band, and the localization of the latter band in the frontocentral area of the cortex is an objective and sensitive tool for identifying neuropsychiatric disturbances in 85% of cirrhotic patients with no HE. Further studies are required to determine the clinical implications of these abnormal findings in the absence of overt clinical symptoms.
Effects of sildenafil on pulmonary hypertension and exercise tolerance in severe cystic fibrosis‐related lung disease

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with advanced lung disease are at risk for developing pulmonary vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension, characterized by progressive exercise intolerance beyond the exercise‐limiting effects of airways disease in CF. We report on a patient with severe CF lung disease who experienced clinically significant improvements in exercise tolerance and pulmonary hypertension without changing lung function during sildenafil therapy. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Efficient Parallel Multi-Scale Segmentation Method for Remote Sensing Imagery

Remote sensing (RS) image segmentation is an essential step in geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) to ultimately derive “meaningful objects”. While many segmentation methods exist, most of them are not efficient for large data sets. Thus, the goal of this research is to develop an efficient parallel multi-scale segmentation method for RS imagery by combining graph theory and the fractal net evolution approach (FNEA). Specifically, a minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm in graph theory is proposed to be combined with a minimum heterogeneity rule (MHR) algorithm that is used in FNEA. The MST algorithm is used for the initial segmentation while the MHR algorithm is used for object merging. An efficient implementation of the segmentation strategy is presented using data partition and the “reverse searching-forward processing” chain based on message passing interface (MPI) parallel technology. Segmentation results of the proposed method using images from multiple sensors (airborne, SPECIM AISA EAGLE II, WorldView-2, RADARSAT-2) and different selected landscapes (residential/industrial, residential/agriculture) covering four test sites indicated its efficiency in accuracy and speed. We conclude that the proposed method is applicable and efficient for the segmentation of a variety of RS imagery (airborne optical, satellite optical, SAR, high-spectral), while the accuracy is comparable with that of the FNEA method.
Current Human Resource Management Practices in the New Zealand Hotel Sector

This article reports on the status of the use of human resources management (HRM) practices in the hotel sector, more specifically, the strategic positioning of human resources (HR) as perceived by the hotels’ senior management, in New Zealand. A web survey was sent to 174 senior managers of 184 selected hotels throughout the country; 47 managers responded. The findings indicate that HRM practices are well adopted by hotels and, more importantly, the strategic potential of HR is well recognized by the senior management, although there is some way to go before the potential can be fully captured.
Institutional Distance and Cross‐Border Venture Capital Investment Flows

Cross‐border investments are an increasingly important part of venture capitalists' portfolios. In order to better understand venture capitalists' international investment decisions, we use dyadic pairings of uropean countries over a 10‐year time span to examine how regulative, normative, and cultural‐cognitive institutional differences are related to cross‐border venture capital investment flows. Results demonstrate that increased normative and cultural‐cognitive distance reduce cross‐border investments, whereas regulative distance shows no relationship. Together, these findings suggest that institutional dimensions do influence venture capital investment decisions and that the type of distance can have differing effects.