Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 4-Producing CD4+ T Cells in the Skin of Cats with Allergic Dermatitis

Lesional skin of cats with allergic dermatitis has a cellular infiltrate and a CD4/CD8 ratio comparable to that in humans with atopic dermatitis. CD4+ helper T cells and in particular cells belonging to the Th2 subset play an important role in disease pathogenesis in humans. We investigated the cytokine pattern of CD4+ T cells in situ, with special emphasis on the putative presence of cells producing interleukin 4 (IL4), in cats with allergic dermatitis. Immunohistochemical procedures were used to determine that CD4+ T cells in lesional and nonlesional skin of cats with allergic dermatitis can produce IL4, as occurs in humans. Lesional and nonlesional skin of cats with allergic dermatitis had significantly more IL4+ T cells (P = 0.001) than did skin of healthy control cats. Double staining indicated that all IL4+ cells were positive for pan-T or CD4 markers. Double labeling for mast cell chymase and IL4 stained primarily different cells. Western blotting demonstrated cross-reactivity between the antibody against human IL4 and a feline recombinant IL4. These results indicate that IL4 is primarily produced by CD4+ T cells and is also present in clinically uninvolved skin, indicating a role in the pathogenesis of allergic dermatitis in cats.
Emotions of Moral Disengagement, Class Norms, and Bullying in Adolescence: A Multilevel Approach

Using an individual-by-environment framework, this study evaluated the role of individual- and group-level moral indices and their interaction in predicting student reports of bullying. The sample included 1,009 Italian adolescents (36% girls) from 56 classrooms (mean age = 15.02 years, SD = .71). Individual-level predictors included gender and emotions of moral disengagement, whereas group-level predictors included pro-bullying behaviors and class bullying norms of accepted students. Results showed that emotions of moral disengagement were associated with individual bullying and that both measures of group bullying norms–class levels of pro-bullying roles and class levels of bullying by accepted students–were associated with bullying at the classroom level. In addition, a cross-level interaction was also observed; emotions of moral disengagement were associated with increased bullying when levels of pro-bullying behavior in the classroom were higher.
Living through end-stage dementia: The experiences and expressed needs of family carers

The focus of this paper is the experiences and needs of family carers of people with end-stage dementia. The project involved in-depth, qualitative interviews with 15 carers. The major themes emerging from the accounts of participants’ experiences were: getting support; having to trust others with care; managing the loneliness of being a carer; witnessing a loved one fade away; anticipating and experiencing death; and re-establishing life after the funeral. Carers expressed a range of instrumental and psychosocial needs. The study has provided a more personal account of the caring experience than much of the related literature. It has emphasized the need of carers for genuine understanding and connection — from family and friends as well as healthcare staff. The study highlights the amount of support carers can provide to each other through support groups and associated friendships, and stresses the importance of healthcare staff acknowledging and respecting this capacity of carers.
Stem cells derived from cord blood in transplantation and regenerative medicine.

BACKGROUND Physicians of any specialty may be the first persons to whom prospective parents turn for information about the acquisition and storage of stem cells derived from cord blood. Stem cells can potentially be used to treat many diseases, yet they are not a panacea. This article provides an overview of their current and possible future applications. METHODS Original papers were retrieved by a selective search of the literature, and the Internet sites and advertising brochures of private stem cell banks were also examined. RESULTS Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood (obtained from healthy donors, rather than from the patient to be treated) have been in routine use worldwide for more than ten years in the treatment of hematopoietic diseases. Experiments in cell culture and in animal models suggest that these cells might be of therapeutic use in regenerative medicine, but also show that this potential can be realized only if the cells are not cryopreserved. There is as yet no routine clinical application of autologous hematopoietic stem cells from cord blood (self-donation of blood), even though cord blood has been stored in private banks for more than ten years. CONCLUSIONS Autologous stem cells from cord blood have poor prospects for use in regenerative medicine, because they have to be cryopreserved until use. Physicians should tell prospective parents that they have no reason to feel guilty if they choose not to store cord blood in a private bank.
The Middle Management Perspective on Strategy Process: Contributions, Synthesis, and Future Research

During the past 25 years, a substantial amount of research in strategic management has focused on the contributions of middle management. Although useful, the research is characterized by considerable diversity in terms of focal constructs and relationships. The purpose of this review is to organize this research and identify important constructs, relationships, and contributions. The review serves not only to catalog the state of the art and accumulate knowledge; it also facilitates the critique necessary for charting directions and enhancing the cumulative nature of future research.
Longitudinal academic outcomes predicted by early adolescents’ subjective well-being, psychopathology, and mental health status yielded from a dual factor model

This longitudinal investigation examined the utility of subjective well-being (SWB) and psychopathology in predicting subsequent academic achievement and in-school behavior in 300 middle school students. Initial SWB predicted students’ grade point averages (GPAs) 1 year later, initial internalizing psychopathology predicted absences 1 year later, and initial externalizing psychopathology predicted grades, absences, and discipline problems 1 year later. Students’ grades and attendance across time varied as a function of mental health group yielded from a dual factor model. Specifically, students in the troubled mental health group declined at a significantly faster rate on GPAs than youth without psychopathology. In contrast, students in the symptomatic but content group were not significantly different from peers with low psychopathology. At Time 2, the best attendance, grades, and math skills were found among students who had both average/high SWB and low psychopathology 1 year earlier, supporting the long-term utility of complete mental health.
What Users Think about the Differences between Caffeine and Illicit/Prescription Stimulants for Cognitive Enhancement

Pharmacological cognitive enhancement (CE) is a topic of increasing public awareness. In the scientific literature on student use of CE as a study aid for academic performance enhancement, there are high prevalence rates regarding the use of caffeinated substances (coffee, caffeinated drinks, caffeine tablets) but remarkably lower prevalence rates regarding the use of illicit/prescription stimulants such as amphetamines or methylphenidate. While the literature considers the reasons and mechanisms for these different prevalence rates from a theoretical standpoint, it lacks empirical data to account for healthy students who use both, caffeine and illicit/prescription stimulants, exclusively for the purpose of CE. Therefore, we extensively interviewed a sample of 18 healthy university students reporting non-medical use of caffeine as well as illicit/prescription stimulants for the purpose of CE in a face-to-face setting about their opinions regarding differences in general and morally-relevant differences between caffeine and stimulant use for CE. 44% of all participants answered that there is a general difference between the use of caffeine and illicit/prescription stimulants for CE, 28% did not differentiate, 28% could not decide. Furthermore, 39% stated that there is a moral difference, 56% answered that there is no moral difference and one participant was not able to comment on moral aspects. Participants came to their judgements by applying three dimensions: medical, ethical and legal. Weighing the medical, ethical and legal aspects corresponded to the students' individual preferences of substances used for CE. However, their views only partly depicted evidence-based medical aspects and the ethical issues involved. This result shows the need for well-directed and differentiated information to prevent the potentially harmful use of illicit or prescription stimulants for CE.
The Memory Experiences and Dreams Questionnaire (MED-Q): A Validated Measure of Dream Remembering

Dream recall has been investigated via various means, often relying upon self-report judgments. Such methods, as well as individual differences and cognitive correlates of dream recall, rarely acknowledge models, theory, or empirical work concerning waking memory. Study 1 presents the development and psychometric validation of the Memory Experiences and Dreaming Questionnaire (MED-Q)—a 30-item measure of autobiographical and dream memory sensations incorporating items on dreaming, sensory experiences, and autobiographical remembering behaviors. It produces a single score and can be broken down into its constituent factors: “awareness of dreaming,” “daydreaming,” “dream sensations upon waking,” “déjà-states,” “comprehensibility of dream content,” and “senses. ” Study 2 demonstrates the validity of the MED-Q as compared with dream report indices of dream detail. The MED-Q measures the extent to which a person engages with their dream memories through both frequency and subjective characteristic ratings. It is therefore novel in emphasizing the context of autobiographical memory for dreaming.
A Unifying Framework for Convergence Analysis of Approximate Newton Methods

Many machine learning models are reformulated as optimization problems. Thus, it is important to solve a large-scale optimization problem in big data applications. Recently, subsampled Newton methods have emerged to attract much attention for optimization due to their efficiency at each iteration, rectified a weakness in the ordinary Newton method of suffering a high cost in each iteration while commanding a high convergence rate. Other efficient stochastic second order methods are also proposed. However, the convergence properties of these methods are still not well understood. There are also several important gaps between the current convergence theory and the performance in real applications. In this paper, we aim to fill these gaps. We propose a unifying framework to analyze local convergence properties of second order methods. Based on this framework, our theoretical analysis matches the performance in real applications.
Organizational commitment, turnover intentions and the influence of cultural values.

The moderating influence of idiocentrism and allocentrism on the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intentions was examined. The investigation evolved over two phases. In Study 1, emic (culture-specific) items were generated through in-depth interviews with Turkish employees, and the commitment scales by Meyer, Allen, and Smith (1993) were revised to make them more appropriate for the Turkish context. In Study 2, turnover intentions were predicted as a function of an individual's affective, continuance, normative commitment, and social factors, operationalized as the approval of the family. The results indicated that affective commitment was an important predictor of turnover intentions irrespective of idiocentric or allocentric values. However, normative commitment and social factors were weaker predictors for individuals who endorsed idiocentric, values and social factors were a stronger predictor for allocentrics. These findings underline the importance of a normative perspective on organizational commitment, especially for collectivistic contexts.
Citizens' Perceptions of Politics and Ethics in Public Administration: A Five-Year National Study of Their Relationship to Satisfaction with Services, Trust in Governance, and Voice Orientations

In recent decades organizational politics (OP) has become a growing field of interest in managerial studies. To date, the major scholarly effort has been dedicated to the exploration of intraorganizational politics based on employees' perceptions. However, one of the important aspects of this phenomenon is the way in which it is viewed by the external organizational environment-by customers, clients, and as far as governmental agencies are concerned, by the general public as well. This article examines citizens' perceptions of organizational politics and ethics in public administration systems. It focuses on the relationship between these perceptions and several key outcomes of modern bureaucracy such as satisfaction with services, trust in governmental institutions, and the resulting voice orientations and actions by the public (i.e., political efficacy, political participation). The data for the study were gathered from a half decade's worth of national surveys in Israel. The results point to meaningful direct and indirect relationships between organizational politics and ethics in the public sector, satisfaction, trust, and voice orientation. The article ends with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of the findings and suggestions for future studies.
Mixed Model Universal Software Thread-Level Speculation

Software approaches to Thread-Level Speculation (TLS) have been recently explored, bypassing the need for specialized hardware designs. These approaches, however, tend to focus on source or VM-level implementations aimed at specific language and runtime environments. In addition, previous software approaches tend to make use of a simple thread forking model, reducing their ability to extract substantial parallelism from tree-form recursion programs such as depth-first search and divide-and-conquer. This paper proposes a Mixed forking model Universal software-TLS (MUTLS) system to overcome these limitations. MUTLS is purely based on the LLVM intermediate representation (IR), a language and architecture independent IR that supports more than 10 source languages and target architectures by many projects. MUTLS maximizes parallel coverage by applying a mixed forking model that allows all threads to speculate, forming a tree of threads. We evaluate MUTLS using several C/C++ and Fortran benchmarks on a 64-core machine. On 3 computation intensive applications we achieve speedups of 30 to 50 and 20 to 50 for the C and Fortran versions, respectively. We also observe speedups of 2 to 7 for memory intensive applications. Our experiments indicate that a mixed model is preferable for parallelization of tree-form recursion applications over the simple forking models used by previous software-TLS approaches. Our work also demonstrates that actual speedup is achievable on existing, commodity multi-core processors while maintaining the flexibility of a highly generic implementation context.
Recursos da criança, da família e da escola predizem competência na transição da 1ª série

This study focuses on precursors of children’s competence in the first-grade transition. Data on intellectual ability, phonological awareness, family support (i.e., parenting practices, home resources), and attendance to kindergarten were collected from 70 children at the beginning of first grade. At the end of the school year, the teachers rated children’s achievement, adjustment, and social skills, and the children answered an achievement test. Children’s stress related to the transition was assessed with questionnaires of stress symptoms and perception of school stressors at the end of the year. Statistical analyses comprised correlation, regression, and group comparison. Both child and family variables predicted achievement and adjustment. Phonological awareness and intellectual ability were the best predictors of achievement and adjustment, respectively. Children with kindergarten experience showed less stress than children with no previous kindergarten experience. The potential of childhood education for developing preacademic abilities and promoting a less stressful transition to first grade is emphasized.
Dynamic Searchable Encryption via Blind Storage

Dynamic Searchable Symmetric Encryption allows a client to store a dynamic collection of encrypted documents with a server, and later quickly carry out keyword searches on these encrypted documents, while revealing minimal information to the server. In this paper we present a new dynamic SSE scheme that is simpler and more efficient than existing schemes while revealing less information to the server than prior schemes, achieving fully adaptive security against honest-but-curious servers. We implemented a prototype of our scheme and demonstrated its efficiency on datasets from prior work. Apart from its concrete efficiency, our scheme is also simpler: in particular, it does not require the server to support any operation other than upload and download of data. Thus the server in our scheme can be based solely on a cloud storage service, rather than a cloud computation service as well, as in prior work. In building our dynamic SSE scheme, we introduce a new primitive called Blind Storage, which allows a client to store a set of files on a remote server in such a way that the server does not learn how many files are stored, or the lengths of the individual files, as each file is retrieved, the server learns about its existence (and can notice the same file being downloaded subsequently), but the file's name and contents are not revealed. This is a primitive with several applications other than SSE, and is of independent interest.
Commercialization and lifestyle sport: lessons from 20 years of freestyle BMX in ‘Pro-Town, USA’

Recent research on lifestyle sport and commercialization reveals a problematic and complex relationship. The analysis presented here examines the development and impact of commercialization on a unique and influential local BMX scene over a 20-year period. Three forms of commercialization – paraphernalia, movement and mass market – are identified and their varying influences on the mobilization and development of this lifestyle sport are analysed. Findings reveal that lifestyle-sport insiders actively collaborate in each form of commercialization, especially movement commercialization which has the potential to build alternative lifestyle-sport institutions and resist adverse commercial influences. This research conceptualizes freestyle BMX as a social movement within the resource-mobilization perspective and relies upon a combination of direct and participant observation recorded through field notes and augmented by 25 in-depth interviews. The combination of analytical tools and methodological approach can help shed further light on the complex dynamics of commercialization in lifestyle sports.
Language and woman's place

ABSTRACT Our use of language embodies attitudes as well as referential meanings. ‘Woman's language’ has as foundation the attitude that women are marginal to the serious concerns of life, which are pre-empted by men. The marginality and powerlessness of women is reflected in both the ways women are expected to speak, and the ways in which women are spoken of. In appropriate women's speech, strong expression of feeling is avoided, expression of uncertainty is favored, and means of expression in regard to subject-matter deemed ‘trivial’ to the ‘real’ world are elaborated. Speech about women implies an object, whose sexual nature requires euphemism, and whose social roles are derivative and dependent in relation to men. The personal identity of women thus is linguistically submerged; the language works against treatment of women, as serious persons with individual views. These aspects of English are explored with regard to lexicon (color terms, particles, evaluative adjectives), and syntax (tag-questions, and related aspects of intonation in answers to requests, and of requests and orders), as concerns speech by women. Speech about women is analyzed with regard to lady : woman, master : mistress, widow : widower, and Mr : Mrs., Miss, with notice of differential use of role terms not explicitly marked for sex (e.g. professional) as well. Some suggestions and conclusions are offered for those working in the women's liberation movement and other kinds of social reform; second language teaching; and theoretical linguistics. Relevant generalizations in linguistics require study of social mores as well as of purely linguistic data.
Haemodialysis for paediatric acute kidney injury in a low resource setting: experience from a tertiary hospital in South West Nigeria

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important cause of preventable mortality among children. Management of AKI may require renal replacement therapy (RRT) but access to RRT for children in low resource settings is limited. Our study explored the role of haemodialysis in the management of children with AKI in a low resource setting in terms of aetiology and outcomes. Methods A review of patients managed in the Paediatric Nephrology Unit, University College Hospital Ibadan, South-West Nigeria, who underwent haemodialysis for AKI from January 2006 to December 2014. Results Sixty-eight patients (55.9% males), aged 3–16 (mean ± standard deviation, 9.0 ± 3.4) years were studied. The causes of AKI were sepsis (22.1%), malaria (17.6%) and glomerulonephritis (17.6%), intravascular haemolysis—cause unknown (16.2%), G6PDH deficiency (7.4%), malignancy (8.8%) and haemoglobinopathy (5.9%). The number of sessions of haemodialysis ranged from 1 to 10 (mode = 2 sessions) over a period of 1–55 days. Mortality was 27.9% (n = 19) and was related to the aetiology of AKI (P = 0.000): no deaths among patients with intravascular haemolysis or malaria, six deaths among patients with sepsis (40%), six (50%) among the patients with glomerulonephritis, while all the patients with malignancies died. Conclusions The outcome of haemodialysis for AKI in Nigeria is relatively good and is related to the underlying aetiology of AKI. In addition to peritoneal dialysis, intermittent haemodialysis may have a role in the management of paediatric AKI in low resource settings and should be supported.