Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Process and outcomes of technological innovations in electronics industry SMEs of Bangalore: A case study approach

Summary This paper describes the origin and process of technological innovations leading to the development and introduction of new products in the electronics industry of Bangalore, India. Market expansion, along with enterprise growth with reference to three SMEs, is discussed. This study concisely presents the instrumental role that entrepreneurs play in recognizing market opportunities, building crucial in‐house technological capabilities, supplementing it with appropriate external assistance, and establishing technological innovation processes. This includes process modifications to suit customer requirements and finally deliver innovations to the market. The innovation process is significantly marked by a built‐in mechanism for continuous customer interactions. Consequently, all the three SMEs have achieved successful product innovations, leading to their gradual growth over time—not only in terms of employment and investment, but more importantly in terms of sales turnover. Furthermore, inferences drawn from the cases lead to a proposed three‐stage theoretical construct of the process of SME innovation: starting‐up and stabilizing, building technological credibility, and the opening of new markets. The stages involve fulfilling design standards, pursuing incremental innovations, and ushering radical innovations.
A supply chain network equilibrium model for operational and opportunism risk mitigation

Risk management holds a crucial role in ensuring efficiency, predictability, and coherency in supply chain operations of an enterprise. Risks are associated with every member of a supply chain network. Thus, an end-to-end risk management approach is essential to fortify the entire supply chain network. In this paper, we consider a supply chain network consisting of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and retailers, as the representative stakeholders. In particular, we take supply chain operational, and opportunism risks into account, and investigate the roles of flexibility, and social relationship, respectively, as a mitigation approach. We develop a multi-period network equilibrium model by considering the stakeholders’ objectives of maximising profit and minimising risk. Further, the finite-dimensional variational inequality formulations are derived for the underlying network optimisation problem. An algorithm, with nice features for computations, is then applied to three simulated examples in order to illustrate the model and computational procedure as well as the types of interventions that can help the strategic decision-makers to explore quantitatively the associated profits and incurred risks in an entire supply chain network.
Personality predictors of team taskwork understanding and transactive memory systems in service management teams

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine how personality composition in teams related to team taskwork understanding (TTU) and transactive memory systems (TMS) over time. Additionally, the study examined the relationship between TTU and TMS, and three team criteria variables: performance, satisfaction, and cohesion. Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal study was conducted with 27 service management teams involving 178 undergraduate students in a restaurant setting. The restaurant was open to the public so the team outcomes had real world consequences. Each team served between 90-140 customers. Findings – Results showed that team mean-level conscientiousness was significantly positively related to TTU and TMS in the initial stage of team formation. On the other hand, team mean-level agreeableness had a significant positive relationship with TTU and TMS later on in the team's lifecycle. Furthermore, significant positive relationships were found between TMS and team performance, TMS and team sat.
A long-run perspective on renewable resource use and amenity benefits: the case of forestry

We examine the existence and stability properties of the long-run equilibrium in an economy using forest resources for consumption and amenity benefits. We incorporate forest resources into an overlapping generations model as a factor of production, source of amenity benefits and store of value. We characterise dynamics and stability of steady-state equilibria with a logistic resource growth function, and demonstrate with parametric and numerical examples that a unique and stable equilibrium exists under a set of parameter restrictions. We show that the productivity of timber in production of consumption and the weight given to amenities substantially affect the steady-state equilibrium stock and its stability and dynamics. Especially, the higher the productivity of timber in production, the lower the steady-state forest stock.
Education policy analysis: the need to accelerate and redesign early childhood education preparation programmes

The purpose of this study is to give parents, teachers, researchers, the public and those who manage education systems data that may help them answer questions about the failing state of early childhood education in Nigeria. This research employed a predominantly quantitative approach; however, the data for the study was gathered both quantitatively and qualitatively. Qualitative data was gathered through structured interviews, while quantitative data was gathered through the use of structured and semi-structured questionnaires (N-76). The quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 15.0. The study revealed that virtually, all teachers in early childhood education centres have no professional early childhood education qualifications and are not competent enough to effectively carry out their teaching responsibilities. Consequently, Nigeria must do more to learn from best practices elsewhere, especially in the West when it comes to early childhood education, if national education is to move towards meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
Induction and characterization of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen on natural killer cells

Summary. Cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) has been reported to be expressed mainly by memory/effector T lymphocytes infiltrating inflammatory skin lesions and cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. It has been suggested that CLA is a specific homing receptor, facilitating the T‐cell migration into skin lesions, and also an indicator of the skin‐homing T‐cell subset. In the present study, we investigated the expression of CLA in natural killer (NK) cells defined phenotypically as surface CD3– and CD56+ cells in peripheral blood. CLA was definitely expressed on CD3–CD56+ cells at a level comparable to CD3+ cells in peripheral blood of normal Japanese volunteers. After in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with interleukin 2 (IL‐2) and IL‐12, there was a significant increase in the number and percentage of CLA+ NK cells but not CLA+ T cells (P < 0·01). To analyse the characteristics of CLA expressed by NK cells, we investigated a CLA+ NK‐leukaemia cell line, NK‐YS, established from a patient with NK leukaemia/lymphoma with skin infiltration. In the in vitro study, the CLA‐expressing NK‐leukaemic cell line bound to E‐selectin‐transfected cells and was inhibited by HECA 452 antibody or neuraminidase treatment of leukaemic cells. These findings suggest that CLA expressed by NK cells is a homing receptor for the E‐selectin molecule and may explain skin infiltration by NK cells and NK lymphoma cells analogous to T cells. An NK‐cell subset expressing CLA must play an important role in host defence against microorganisms and neoplasms in skin lesions.
A Constrained Choice? Impact of Concessionality Requirements on Borrowing Behavior

This paper uses the propensity matching score approach to assess the impact of the IMF's debt limits policy (DLP) on borrowing behavior in countries eligible to borrow from its concessional lending window. The paper finds that countries under the DLP borrow significantly higher amounts of concessional resources. However, there is no evidence that the DLP significantly impacts the level of non-concessional borrowing nor the terms of such borrowing. This result is confirmed by the heterogeneity analysis, suggesting that the level of development, rather than concessionality requirements, is the key driver of non-concessional borrowing.
The Level of Tourism Development and Resident Attitudes: A Comparative Case Study of Coastal Destinations

Abstract This study examines the relationship between the level of tourism development and resident attitudes. The tourism area life cycle (TALC) is discussed to understand differences between destinations. Since local residents are not a homogeneous group, cluster analysis is applied to divide local residents into groups with differing perceptions. Three destinations in West Sweden are empirically studied. A four-cluster solution is used, dividing residents into development supporters, prudent developers, ambivalent/cautious and skeptics. Comparisons between the three destinations show that cluster groups are significantly different in size and attitudes toward future tourism developments. Findings show that it is not possible, as argued in previous research, to use perceived tourism impacts as an indication of destination decline. Instead, findings indicate that negative impacts of tourism development are perceived by a larger share of the population at destinations with lower levels of tourism development. The influence of the altruistic surplus phenomenon, a continuous upward movement of thresholds for carrying capacity and the existence of cognitive lock-ins are discussed in the analysis. The linearity of the TALC, in line with previous research, is questioned. The life cycle of destinations is suggested to be more complex, chaotic and dependent on the specific context of the destination.
Choosing sides: contrasting attitudes to governance issues in Social Firms in the UK

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline the findings of a quantitative study of Social Firms between 2006 and 2007. In doing so, it examines the challenges that boards and managers in these organisations face.Design/methodology/approach – In order to test propositions developed from a review of the social enterprise (SE) governance literature, the paper adopts a quantitative, survey‐based approach. The survey compared attitudes to governance issues among managers and board members in the UK‐based Social Firms.Findings – Statistical analysis of the findings highlighted some key outcomes, particularly regarding legitimacy, accountability and stakeholder inclusion of Social Firms Boards. Furthermore, the paper identifies divisions between managers and board members regarding the enterprise‐orientation of Social Firms.Research limitations/implications – The research adds to current sector debates concerning SE identity, especially related to the effectiveness of governance systems, the erosion of un.
Influence of socio-demographical, behavioural and attitudinal factors on the amount of avoidable food waste generated in Finnish households

This paper presents the results of a questionnaire and food waste diary study on the influence of socio-demographical, behavioural and attitudinal factors on the amount of avoidable household food waste in 380 Finnish households. The research data were collected through a 2-week food waste diary study accompanied by a background questionnaire. The influences of socio-demographical, behavioural and attitudinal factors on the production of food waste were studied through application of descriptive statistics. It was established that only few factors clearly correlate with the amount of avoidable food waste. The factors that influenced the amount of food wasted were the size of the household, the gender of the person mainly responsible of grocery shopping, the frequency of buying discounted food products, the respondent's own view of the potential to reduce food waste and the respondent's own view of the influence of purchasing particular food packet sizes. The main factors with which no clear correlation was detected included age of the oldest person in household; area, form and type of residence; educational level and type of work of adults in the family; and shopping, food preparation and eating habits.
High performance tunnel field-effect transistor by gate and source engineering

As one of the most promising candidates for future nanoelectronic devices, tunnel field-effect transistors (TFET) can overcome the subthreshold slope (SS) limitation of MOSFET, whereas high ON-current, low OFF-current and steep switching can hardly be obtained at the same time for experimental TFETs. In this paper, we developed a new nanodevice technology based on TFET concepts. By designing the gate configuration and introducing the optimized Schottky junction, a multi-finger-gate TFET with a dopant-segregated Schottky source (mFSB-TFET) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A steeper SS can be achieved in the fabricated mFSB-TFET on the bulk Si substrate benefiting from the coupled quantum band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) mechanism, as well as a high ION/IOFF ratio (∼107) at VDS = 0.2 V without an area penalty. By compatible SOI CMOS technology, the fabricated Si mFSB-TFET device was further optimized with a high ION/IOFF ratio of ∼108 and a steeper SS of over 5.5 decades of current. A minimum SS of below 60 mV dec−1 was experimentally obtained, indicating its dominant quantum BTBT mechanism for switching.
The Victorian Government's prison privatisation project (1992-2010): The pathway to efficiency? A longitudinal analysis

This article evaluates the operational efficiency of the Victorian prison system since the introduction of the neoliberal prison privatisation policy in 1992 through to the period of the next Government (from 1999), ending in 2010. The analysis explores the origin of the Victorian prison system’s reform, before focussing on an evaluation of the prison privatisation policy and the prison system’s consequent transition from a public to a mixed public-private system. This partially-privatised system comprised various combinations of public and private management and infrastructure. One of the Government’s dominant pro-privatisation promises was that introducing private sector competition to the prison system would ensure a more cost-efficient prison system. This study investigates the policy claim that competition and privatisation would yield cost savings for the prison system. The findings indicate that whilst significant cost savings were achieved in the period shortly after privatisation reforms occurred, longer term costs rose significantly as well. Overall, then, Government policy promises about efficiency gains associated with prison privatisations were not realised in the long-term.
Performance analysis roundtrip: automatic generation of performance models and results feedback using cross-model trace links

This paper proposes an approach for performance analysis roundtrip in the context of model-driven engineering (MDE) of real-time distributed and embedded systems. The starting point is a UML software model with MARTE performance annotations, such as performance requirements and resource demands. The source software model is automatically transformed into a Layered Queueing Network (LQN) performance model. We developed the transformation with Epsilon, a family of languages for model-to-model transformation, model validation and model management. Using specialized languages helped us create a more compact transformation, easier to understand and maintain than transformations developed with general purpose languages, such as Java. Beside the performance model, the transformation also generates a traceability model containing trace links between mapped elements of the software and performance model. After solving the performance model with an existing solver, the performance results are fed back to the software model by following in reverse the cross-model trace links. The software developers can see the performance results as MARTE stereotype attributes, using a standard UML editor. The approach is illustrated by applying it to an e-commerce application.
On the Emergence of Public Education in Land-Rich Economies

We analyze the emergence of large-scale education systems by modeling the incentives that the economic elite could have (collectively) to accept taxation destined to finance the education of credit-constrained workers. Contrary to previous work, in our model this incentive does not arise from a complementarity between physical and human capital in manufacturing. Instead, we emphasize the demand for human-capital-intensive services by high-income groups. Our model seems capable to account for salient features of the development of Latin America in the 19th century, where, in particular, land-rich countries such as Argentina established an extensive public education system and developed a sophisticated service sector before starting significant manufacturing activities.
Dimer formation in nicotinamide and picolinamide in the gas and condensed phases probed by infrared spectroscopy.

Aggregation of nicotinamide (3-pyridine-carboxamide; NA) and picolinamide (2-pyridine-carboxamide; PA) has been investigated by matrix-isolation, supersonic jet and neat solid state infrared spectroscopy, complemented by DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,p) calculations. For both compounds, the most stable dimeric structure was shown to be the centrosymmetric dimer where two monomers in their most stable forms establish two NHO[double bond, length as m-dash]C hydrogen bonds. The most stable structures of monomers of NA and PA were characterized in detail experimentally by matrix-isolation spectroscopy and theoretically (at both the DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,p) and MP2/6-311++G(d,p) levels). For nicotinamide, two conformers were found in the matrices, with ca. 80% of the total population adopting the E form. The monomers and dimers of PA and NA were also investigated by infrared spectroscopy of the studied compounds seeded in supersonic jet expansions. These studies revealed that the constraints on the vibrational dynamics in the PA dimer are different from those in the NA dimer. In the PA dimer, the vibrational energy flow out of the N-H stretching mode was shown to be accelerated substantially by the presence of a secondary intramolecular hydrogen bond. In the glassy state of both compounds, the centrosymmetric dimer seems to be the prevalent structure. In the neat crystalline state (KBr pellet), picolinamide keeps this type of dimeric structure as the constituting unit, whereas nicotinamide molecules assume a different arrangement where one of the NHO[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds is replaced by an NH.N(ring) bond. The different crystallograpic structures which were formed by the compounds are reflected in the vibrational spectra of the solids. These observations are correlated with the molecular properties of NA and PA, in particular with the greater conformational mobility of NA compared with PA. This is ascribable to the absence in the NA molecule of the intramolecular NH.N((ring)) interaction, which exists in PA.
Labor Migration and Earnings Differences: The Case of Rural China

This article presents empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis that the decision of Chinese rural people to migrate is affected by noneconomic forces. Using the 1820 rural household survey from Sichuan province migration behavior and earnings are analyzed. Logistic probability models show that the decision to migrate is driven largely by the availability of rural non-farm employment opportunities. However if jobs are available in the province even at lower wages rural people will choose to stay rather than to migrate. The major deterrent to migration is the lack of safety during transportation and in destination cities as well as forced separation from families. Moreover rural migrants are denied the legal right to reside permanently in cities. Furthermore findings reveal that although labor productivity in migrant activities is higher than it is in local non-farm sectors the economic cost of migration in China is so high as to significantly limit reallocation. One implication of this study is that without artificial barriers to labor migration the number of migratory workers would be higher. Since the important objective of the Chinese government is to control rural-to-urban migration it is likely that restrictive migration policies will continue. However putting aside the issue of social justice the economic efficiency loss under the Chinese system should not be ignored.
Cultural exclusion and rural poverty in Ireland and Russia

This paper investigates cultural dimensions and processes of exclusion in rural Ireland and Russia that impact upon marginalised rural people by making them poor. It employs Bourdieu and Passeron’s (1977) concept of cultural capital, which provides understanding of both structural effects of cultural discrimination and individual strategies of cultural reproduction on well-being. First, it explores the function of cultural capital as a power resource that can be used to monopolise certain cultural preferences. Second, the paper studies the function of cultural capital to mark cultural distance and to put people with less-valued cultural resources in a disadvantaged position that can limit poor people’s access to social settings and resources. Third, the paper investigates the function of cultural capital to exclude individuals by means of regulating their aspirations and cultural dispositions, which degrade social bonds and limit people’s sources of economic growth. The results of this study reveal the complexity of classificatory effects of cultural practices on poverty and argue against treating culture as a residual category in poverty studies. It takes on board the findings from this study to critically re-evaluate certain stereotypes of hardship and to articulate the need for a broader understanding of rural poverty.
Experimental Study of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio

In cognitive radios, reliable detection of wireless systems is crucial since these radios share the frequency spectrum with other wireless systems.In a heterogeneous environment, systems with different priorities have different protection requirements and operating parameters.The cognitive radio must guarantee highly reliable communication in the primary systems, but need not necessarily guarantee reliable communication in the secondary systems. Therefore, classification of the signals in a cognitive radio is necessary to fulfill the above mentioned protection requirements.Cyclostationary detection allows for the classification of coexisting cyclostationary signals with different parameters, whereas energy detection cannot be used for distinguishing primary signals from secondary signals. This method has been theoretically investigated, but it has not been applied to an actual field. This paper presents the experimental results obtained from field trials on the use of cyclic- feature-based methods for distributed signal detection and signal classification.