Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social movements and the transformation of teachers’ work: case studies from New Zealand

Abstract The major aim of this article is to explore the potential of teachers as transformative agents within schools. The study first looks at theoretical perspectives which analyse both the class location of teachers as well as the kinds of relationships and structural constraints into which they enter ‐‐ both in their pre‐service training, and throughout their work as teachers. The paper then presents ethnographic data to argue that despite the overwhelming and hegemonic restraints on teachers, when they, individually and/or collectively, are inspired by social movements outside of the school, then total institutional and ideological incorporation is less likely to take place. Case studies are presented to illustrate how such politicized teachers and schools struggle to establish a space in favour of progressive and democratic agendas.
Why fathers are not attracted to family learning groups?

Accounts of fathers' reluctance to engage with locally based family learning groups rarely acknowledge the relationship between learning and identity. This tends not to be the case in parallel accounts of women's reluctance to become involved in groups or networks where the mainstream clientele is male. Drawing on the case study of a national initiative aimed at developing family literacy in local communities throughout the UK, it is argued that decisions to join or not to join these groups is primarily social and cultural rather than individual. This means that the attendance of fathers at family learning events needs to be understood in context. It also means addressing the complexities underpinning their reasons for not attending from a lifelong perspective. When this approach is taken the implications for policy and practice become clearer. What works for some will not work for others. Rather than relying on a standard provision for all, what is needed is a range of high quality dedicated provision that caters for different requirements, specifically in this case, the differing needs and preferences of mothers and fathers.
Contribution of Systemic Venous Hypertension to the Development of Pulmonary Edema in Dogs

Systemic venous hypertension (SVH) is a frequent finding in pulmonary edema. To study the possible contributory or even causal role of SVH in pulmonary edema, a dog model was developed in which balloon catheters were placed in the left and right atria. Inflation of the left atrial balloon produced a tendency to pulmonary edema by causing pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) (pulmonary artery wedge pressure of 20 mm Hg). Inflation of the right atrial balloon produced SVH (central venous pressure of 15 nun Hg). After 2 hours, dogs with SVH with or without PVH demonstrated a greater amount of lung fluid accumulation (P < 0.01) compared to controls or PVH alone. There was no significant difference in lung water in SVH dogs with or without PVH. Pulmonary blood flow was not significantly different between the experimental groups, each of which was less than control. Impairment of pulmonary lymphatic flow is one possible mechanism producing the worsening edema; however, bronchial venous hypertension or neurogenic reflexes cannot be excluded. We conclude that the contribution of systemic venous hypertension to the development of pulmonary edema may have therapeutic implications.
Diagnostic Decision Making in Oncology: Creating Shared Knowledge and Managing Complexity

Drawing upon the concept of practice, the article explores diagnostic decision making in oncology through the analysis of informal conversations between doctors in an Italian hospital. The analysis shows that doctors rely on three collaborative practices: (a) joint interpretation, (b) intersubjective generation and validation of hypotheses, and (c) postponing the diagnostic decision. Through such practices, doctors jointly handle tough issues such as managing complexity, dealing with cognitive difficulties and limits of knowledge, and avoiding diagnostic errors. The article addresses some lacunae in the literature by providing empirical access to how decision making is done in an understudied and specialized branch of medicine.
Religious delusions and filicide: a psychodynamic model

In this article, we present a psychodynamic explanation for the complex crime of filicide motivated by religious delusions. To begin, we provide an overview of filicide, including its typology and epidemiology. Second, we examine the psychoanalytic theories of Heinz Kohut and Otto Kernberg so as to better understand how family-of-origin experiences add to the ways in which psychotic disorders later take shape in filicide cases. Third, we offer an explication of the psychology of religion, including the role that religious defences and religious delusions play in cases involving filicide. Ultimately, we hypothesise that mothers with religious delusions commit acts of filicide due to the dynamic and reciprocal interaction between mental illness, psychological functioning, and the psychological role played by religion. We conclude our article with a case illustration to demonstrate our theoretical model.
TV Beauty Ads and Role Expectations of Adolescent Female Viewers

,As the focus of research on mass media effects currently moves away from analysis of attitudinal and behavioral change, more attention is being given to the role of the mass media as “cultivators” of audience perceptions of social reality. The crucial research question, according to this view, is not so much how the media affect specific attitudes or behaviors, but how they affect audience conceptions of social reality, or perceptions about the facts, norms and values of society through selective presentations and by emphasizing certain themes. ’ Empirical support for cultivation effects of the mass media has been provided by several recent studies. Gerbner and Gross2 have shown that the prevalence of violent programming on TV has cultivated in heavy viewers feelings of danger (from violence), distrust of other persons, and exaggerated estimates of the proportion of people employed in law enforcement. BeuB reports that heavy N viewers among boys and girls in her 1 Among the main proponents of this view are George Gerbner and h r r y G r w . “Living With Tckvirion: Thc Violence Profile. ” Journal of Communwarion. 26: 172-99 (19761. Also. Mclvin DeFkur. 77woruJ of Mass Communrcorionr (Ncw Yort: McKay. 1970). ’Gcrbncr and Grorr. op. rri. Ann Beuf. ’Doclor. Lnwyer. Houvhold Drudge. ” Journal o/Communirarion. 2414245 (1974).
Dynamics of Isolation and Integration in Ultra-Orthodox Schools: The Epistemological Implications of Using Rabbeim as Secular Studies Teachers

This article explores the complex dynamics that take place in ultra-Orthodox schools as they attempt to maintain a contra-acculturative stance toward secular knowledge, while providing students with the necessary tools to become functioning members of society. Using two case studies, this article looks at how the recent practice of using Rabbeim as secular studies instructors in elementary schools might reflect broader communal and cultural changes in ultra-Orthodox attitudes toward the integration of the secular and the religious.
The Status of Economics in the High School Curriculum

The data used in this study came from the 1994 High School Transcript Study (HSTS) (National Center for Education Statistics, 1998). The HSTS contains an analysis of the transcripts of approximately 25,000 students who graduated from high school in 1994, the most recent year the data were collected. The transcripts were obtained from a nationally representative sample of 340 schools and were weighted to show the course enrollments nationwide. For comparative purposes, the HSTS also provides estimates of courses taken in 1982, 1987, and 1990.
Outcome of Cognitive-Behavioural Treatment for Health Anxiety (Hypochondriasis) in a Routine Clinical Setting

It has now been established in several randomized controlled trials that specialist cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for severe and persistent health anxiety (diagnostically, “Hypochondriasis”). It has not yet been established whether or not such results will generalize from academic research centres to routine clinical settings. The present study was designed to address the issue of generalization by evaluating the outcome of a consecutive series of patients meeting diagnostic criteria for hypochondriasis, treated using CBT in a non-academic clinic in Copenhagen, Denmark. The delivery of the treatment was adapted to fit with the practice of the clinic, so that the later components of therapy were delivered in a group therapy setting. Therapists participated in a brief training course, which was subsequently supplemented by expert clinical and peer supervision. Patients received the same amount of treatment used in previous clinical trials. Results indicate that the degree of improvement obtained in this study was significant and compared well with those obtained in the previous trials. These results support the use of dissemination of new treatments using a specialist training model.
Confirmed Attorney Coaching Prior to Neuropsychological Evaluation

Even though it has been speculated that attorneys might educate or "coach" their clients prior to forensic neuropsychological examinations, there have been no documented instances of this to date. It might be particularly tempting for attorneys to coach their clients on symptom validity scales. A case in which it was strongly suspected that attorney coaching had occurred is presented. The attorney representing the patient actually admitted to an administrative law judge that he had educated his client prior to examination. Strategies for reducing the effectiveness of attorney coaching, thereby increasing the validity of neuropsychological test results, are suggested.
Barrier synchronization on a loaded SMP using two-phase waiting algorithms

Little work has been done on the performance of barrier synchronization using two-phase blocking, as the common wisdom is that it is useless to spin if the total number of threads in the system exceeds the number of processors. We challenge this and show that it may be beneficial to spin-wait even if the number of threads is up to double the number of processors, especially if the waiting time is at least twice the context switch overhead (rather than being equal to it). We also characterize the alternating synchronization pattern that applications based on barriers tend to fall into which is quite different from the patterns typically assumed in theoretical analyses.
[Clinical analysis of 23 gynecologic carcinoma patients with brain metastasis].

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinicopathological characteristics and treatments of brain metastasis (BM) in patients with gynecologic carcinoma. METHODS Twenty-three pathologically confirmed patients with gynecologic carcinoma who had brain metastasis between February 2008 and October 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS The primary carcinoma was cervical cancer in 5 patients, endometrial carcinoma in 8 patients and ovarian cancer in 10 patients, which accounted for 1.81% (5/276), 2.10% (8/380) and 2.67% (10/374) of patient with the same diagnosis of the same period, respectively.Among them, 91.3% (21/23) patients had heterochronous BM.Single BM was documented in 52.2% (12/23) patients.Besides, 78.2% (18/23) BM located in cerebrum.At the time of BM, 91.3% (21/23) patients had symptoms of central nervous system, in which headache ranked the top (90.4%). Altogether, thirteen patients had extracranial metastasis, in which 9 of them had metastasis of the lung.The median post-brain-metastasis survival (mPBMS) for the recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) classes Ⅰ-Ⅲ was 54 months, 9 months and 1 month, respectively (P<0.01). None of surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy treatment was proven to have prognosis-improving ability either in single variant or multivariate analysis.However, in patients with extracranial metastasis, chemotherapy could significantly improve their mPBMS (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of brain metastasis in patients with cervical cancer, endometrial carcinoma, and ovarian cancer increased gradually.RPA was valuable for a prognostic assessment in gynecologic carcinoma patients with BM.Chemotherapy could significantly improve prognosis of gynecologic carcinoma patients with BM if extracranial metastasis was presented.
Identity formation among learners at a South African high school: assessing the interaction between context and identity

In this article the relationship between identity and context is examined at a high school in Johannesburg, South Africa, which has, since 1995, been racially desegregated. Findings suggest that the identities of the learners are influenced not only by the immediate context of the school, but also by the past context of schooling in South Africa and by the broader social context, which refers to relationships between learners and between learners and teachers, and also the interests, likes and dislikes of learners. Using the high school as a case study, and relying on qualitative research techniques, the nature of this triple‐layered context was examined, as well as the interactions between these layers and the subsequent impact thereof on the process of identity construction among learners. A total of nine focus groups with 53 learners and two focus groups with 11 teachers provided the main data on which the findings are based. Identity articulation, from the viewpoint of the learners, was centred on ‘race’, language, religion, gender, youth and class. The nature of these identities can be attributed to interaction between the different dimensions of the three‐layered context, and not merely to prevailing hegemonic identity discourses at the national level.
Alterations in Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Aged CNS

Aging is associated with neuronal loss, gross weight reduction of the brain, and glial proliferation in the cortex, all of which lead to functional changes in the brain. It is known that oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of aging; additionally, growing evidence suggests that excessive nitric oxide (NO) production contributes to the aging process. However, it is still unclear how NO plays a role in the aging process. This paper describes age-related changes in the activity of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d), a marker for neurons containing nitric oxide synthase (NOS), in many CNS regions. Understanding these changes may provide a novel perspective in identifying the aging mechanism.
Benefits of participation in corporate volunteer programs: employees' perceptions

This exploratory survey study investigated the alleged benefits associated with corporate volunteer programs. The results demonstrated that employees viewed volunteerism as an effective means of developing or enhancing several types of job‐related skills. This was particularly true for female employees and employees participating in a formal volunteer program. The results also demonstrated that organizational commitment was higher for volunteers from companies with a corporate volunteer program than for non‐volunteers with organizations without a corporate volunteer program. Finally, the results indicated that job satisfaction was related to volunteerism among female employees, but not for male employees.
Long-Term Ill Health, Poverty and Ethnicity

This study used a mixed-methods approach to explore the links between long-term ill health and dimensions of poverty across four ethnic ‘groups’: Bangladeshis, Pakistanis, White English (White British in the quantitative work) and Ghanaians (Black Africans in the quantitative work). Secondary analysis of national quantitative datasets (the Labour Force Survey and the Home Office Citizenship Survey) was combined with new detailed qualitative work (including locality-based rapid appraisal methods, 86 in-depth interviews and feedback workshops). The study investigates: the ways in which family, community and wider society affect responses to long-term ill health (Chapter 2); the ways in which individuals adapt to having a long-term condition (Chapter 3); and the links between long-term ill health and employment (Chapter 4), access to welfare benefits (Chapter 5) and social participation (Chapter 6). The relevance of ethnicity is explored, although not assumed, across each of these areas.
Animal Rights and Feminist Theory

Peter Singer prefaces his groundbreaking treatise Animal Liberation (1975) with an anecdote about a visit he and his wife made to the home of a woman who claimed to love animals, had heard he was writing a book on the subject, and so invited him to tea. Singer's attitude toward the woman is contemptuous: she had invited a friend who also loved animals and was "keen to meet us. When we arrived our hostess's friend was already there, and . certainly was keen to talk about animals. 'I do love animals,' she began. and she was off. She paused while refreshments were served, took a ham sandwich, and then asked us what pets we had. "' Singer's point is not only to condemn the woman's hypocrisy in claiming to love animals while she was eating meat but also to dissociate himself from a sentimentalist approach to animal welfare.
Proximal to Middle Left Coronary Artery Flow Velocity Ratio, As Assessed Using Color Doppler Echocardiography, Predicts Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in Mice

Background—We aimed to establish a completely noninvasive technique to assess coronary artery atherosclerosis in living mice using proximal to middle left coronary artery (LCA) velocity ratio as assessed with color Doppler echocardiography (CDE). Methods and Results—Three groups of apolipoprotein E/low-density lipoprotein receptor double-knockout (apoE/LDLr dko) mice 10, 40, and 80 weeks of age and 3 additional age-matched groups of C57BL/6 mice were examined under anesthesia. Coronary flow velocity in proximal (Vprox) and middle part (Vmid) of LCA was measured using CDE. A 40-MHz ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM) was used to visualize lumen and outer vessel diameter in the proximal LCA. Flow velocity in the proximal LCA increased significantly with age and remained constant in the middle part in the apoE/LDLr dko mice, whereas velocities at both the sites remained unchanged in C57 mice. CDE-assessed flow velocity ratio (Vprox/Vmid) increased significantly with age in apoE/LDLr dko mice (P=0.0055) and correlated significantly to percentage wall thickness, as assessed by UBM (P=0.0044; r=0.65) and histology (P=0.0002; r=0.78). Wall thickness increased with age in the apoE/LDLr dko mice as measured with UBM (P=0.0093; r=0.49), which was also confirmed with histology (P<0.0001; r=0.73). Conclusions—CDE and UBM are useful noninvasive tools to quantify mouse coronary artery atherosclerosis in vivo.
EFFECT OF AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACTS OF ALLELOPATHIC TREES ON GERMINATION AND SEED-BORNE MYCOFLORA OF WHEAT

Effect of aqueous leaf extracts of 8 allelopathic tree species viz., Accacia nilotica (L.) Willd ex Del. , Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. , Azadirachta indica (L.) A. Juss. , Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, Ficus bengalensis L. , Mangifera indica L. , Melia azedarach L. and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels was studied on germination and seed-borne mycoflora of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Wheat seeds were soaked in 20% aqueous leaf extract of test allelopathic tree species for 10 and 20 minutes. Surface sterilization of seeds with 1% Sodium hypochlorite for 2 minutes was used as reference. Five fungal species were isolated from untreated seeds. Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler was recorded with highest percentage (43%) followed by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wr. (30%), Cladosporium sp. (17%) Rhizopus arrhizus A. Fischer (7%) and Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem (3.3%). Surface sterilization with HgCl2 significantly reduced A. alternata (13%) and completely checked the growth of all other fungi. Aqueous extracts of all the test tree species significantly reduced the frequency of occurrence of the two most frequent seed-borne fungi viz., A. alternata and F. solani. Generally there was not any pronounced difference between effectiveness of 10 and 20 minutes treatments. Aqueous treatment for 10 minutes generally enhanced seed germination as compared to control.
Two-Year College to Four-Year College: The Likelihood of Transfer

Lately, two-year colleges have been the fastest growing sector of higher education. One of their main assignments is to prepare academically oriented students to go on to four-year colleges. This paper reports the findings of an effort to assess the effect of institutional integration, background, academic processes, and psychosocial variables on the transfer probabilities of subsamples of two-year college students. Results indicate that sex, race/ethnicity, high school track, religion, and SES have strong and significant effects on transfer probabilities, and that significant others also exert strong and significant effects. In particular, holding a work-study job and living on campus largely increase the odds of transferring to a four-year college.
Understanding coexistence of internal states in children and adults

We investigated the conceptualization of suffering and well-being states pertaining to physical and psychological domains by examining children's and adults’ acceptance of coexistence of two co-occurring internal states. Children and adults decided whether pairs of states may coexist, justified their answers, and reported whether they had personal experience of that. The pairs of states could involve same valence and different domain, different valence and different domain, and different valence and same domain. The results showed that acceptance, plausibility, complexity, and causality of justifications vary depending on age and/or type of state co-occurrence. The role of factors like cognitive processing, personal experience, and asymmetric organization of the constructs of valence and domain is discussed, in light of the applied relevance of the findings.
The Changing Nature of Investment Banking Relationships

We examine relationships between firms and their investment banks (IBs), both within and across different IB functions. For all transaction types, we find an increase in the number of relationships and a decrease in relationship exclusivity over time. We identify significant transaction-type specific relationship components, with relationships being strongest for equity and weakest for M&A. Relationships are less exclusive for firms with more bargaining power and more exclusive for younger, smaller firms, and firms with more growth options. Most importantly, we find strong evidence of a firm-wide relationship component that spans the functional areas of I-banking and increases over time.