Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological significance and potential drug target of RUNX3 in breast cancer

Background Previous reports indicate that RUNX3 is a tumor suppressor in several types of human tumors, including breast cancer (BC). However, the correlation between RUNX3 hypermethylation and the incidence of BC remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to comprehensively assess the potential role of RUNX3 hypermethylation in the pathogenesis of BC. Methods A detailed literature search was made to identify studies for related research publications. Methodological quality of the studies was evaluated. Analysis of pooled data was performed. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated and summarized respectively. Results Final analysis of 565 BC patients from eleven eligible studies was performed. The results showed that RUNX3 hypermethylation was significantly higher in BC than in normal breast tissue, the pooled OR from nine studies including 339 BC and 248 normal breast tissue (OR =24.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] =13.50–43.11, Z=10.75, P<0.00001). Further analysis also showed significantly increased OR of RUNX3 hypermethylation in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive than in ER-negative BC patients (OR =5.67, 95% CI =2.69–11.95, Z=4.57, P<0.00001). In addition, RUNX3 messenger RNA (mRNA) high expression was found to be correlated to better overall survival in 3,455 cases of BC patients that were followed up for 20 years (hazard ratio [HR] 0.79, P=8.8×10−5). Interestingly, RUNX3 mRNA overexpression was found to be correlated to better overall survival in only 668 cases of ER-negative patients (HR 0.72, P=0.01), but not in 1,767 cases of ER-positive patients (HR 0.87, P=0.13). Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis suggest that RUNX3 hypermethylation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of BC. Detection of RUNX3 mRNA may be a helpful and valuable biomarker for diagnosis of BC, especially in ER-negative BC. We also discussed the significance of RUNX3 as a potential drug target.
Research Review: Changes in the prevalence and symptom severity of child post‐traumatic stress disorder in the year following trauma – a meta‐analytic study

Background Understanding the natural course of child and adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has significant implications for the identification of, and intervention for, at‐risk youth. We used a meta‐analytic approach to examine longitudinal changes in youth PTSD prevalence and symptoms over the first 12 months posttrauma. Methods We conducted a systematic review to identify longitudinal studies of PTSD in young people (5–18 years old), excluding treatment trials. The search yielded 27 peer‐reviewed studies and one unpublished dataset for analysis of pooled prevalence estimates, relative prevalence reduction and standardised mean symptom change. Key moderators were also explored, including age, proportion of boys in the sample, initial prevalence of PTSD and PTSD measurement type. Results Analyses demonstrated moderate declines in PTSD prevalence and symptom severity over the first 3–6 months posttrauma. From 1 to 6 months posttrauma, the prevalence of PTSD reduced by approximately 50%. Symptoms also showed moderate decline, particularly across the first 3 months posttrauma. There was little evidence of further change in prevalence or symptom severity after 6 months, suggesting that it is unlikely a child would lose a PTSD diagnosis without intervention beyond this point. Conclusions The current findings provide key information about the likelihood of posttrauma recovery in the absence of intervention and have important implications for our understanding of child and adolescent PTSD. Results are discussed with reference to the timing of PTSD screening and the potential role of early interventions. Findings particularly highlight the importance of future research to develop our understanding of what factors prevent the action of normal recovery from the ‘acute’ posttrauma period.
Learning in Depth-First Search: A Unified Approach to Heuristic Search in Deterministic, Non-Deterministic, Probabilistic, and Game Tree Settings

Dynamic Programming provides a convenient and unified framework for studying many state models used in AI but no algorithms for handling large spaces. Heuristic-search methods, on the other hand, can handle large spaces but lack a common foundation. In this work, we combine the benefits of a general dynamic programming formulation with the power of heuristic-search techniques for developing an algorithmic framework, that we call Learning in Depth-First Search, that aims to be both general and effective. The basic LDFS algorithm searches for solutions by combining iterative, bounded depth-first searches, with learning in the sense of Korf’s LRTA* and Barto’s et al. RTDP. In each iteration, if there is a solution with cost not exceeding a lower bound, then the solution is found, else the process restarts with the lower bound and the value function updated. LDFS reduces to IDA* with Transposition Tables over deterministic models, but solves also non-deterministic, probabilistic, and game tree models, over which a slight variation reduces to the stateof-the-art MTD algorithm. Over Max AND/OR graphs, on the other hand, LDFS is a new algorithm which appears to be quite competitive with AO*.
Compressive downlink CSI estimation for FDD massive MIMO systems: A weighted block L1-Minimization Approach

This paper proposes a new compressive sensing based downlink channel state information (CSI) estimation scheme for FDD massive MIMO systems. The proposed approach, which involves two-stage weighted block ℓ1-minimization, exploits the block sparse nature of the angular domain representation of the MIMO channel matrices, as well as the existence of common scattering paths in the realistic propagation environment. In the first stage of our method, a conventional block ℓ1-minimization program is solved to extract the information about the common/individual supports of the multi-user channel matrices. In the second stage, a weighted block ℓ1-minimization algorithm, with the weighting coefficients suitably chosen to exploit the acquired support knowledge, is then performed for channel matrix estimation. Analytic performance guarantees of the proposed method are specified using the block restricted isometry property of the sensing matrix; specifically, the I-norm reconstruction error upper bounds achieved by our approach are derived. The analytic results allow us to discuss the selection of weighting coefficients for enhancing CSI estimation performance. Computer simulations show that our method achieves better estimation accuracy as compared to an existing greedy-based algorithm.
El Niño and La Niña amplitude asymmetry caused by atmospheric feedbacks

Interannual variability of tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SST) has an asymmetry with stronger positive events, El Niño, and weaker negative events, La Niña, which is generally attributed to processes in the ocean. Here we present evidence from a new hybrid coupled model that the asymmetry and seasonality of El Niño can be caused by nonlinear and seasonally varying atmospheric feedbacks. The model consists of the ECHAM5 global atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) coupled to the 2‐dimensional El Niño linear recharge oscillator ocean model in the tropical Pacific and a mixed layer ocean elsewhere. Despite the models simplistic and, by construction, linear representation of the ocean dynamics, it is able to simulate the main statistical features of El Niño including period, seasonality, skewness, and kurtosis. Analyses of the model show that a nonlinear relationship between zonal wind stress and SST is causing the El Niño‐La Niña asymmetry.
Visualization of the Left Extraperitoneal Space and Spatial Relationships to Its Related Spaces by the Visible Human Project

Background The major hindrance to multidetector CT imaging of the left extraperitoneal space (LES), and the detailed spatial relationships to its related spaces, is that there is no obvious density difference between them. Traditional gross anatomy and thick-slice sectional anatomy imagery are also insufficient to show the anatomic features of this narrow space in three-dimensions (3D). To overcome these obstacles, we used a new method to visualize the anatomic features of the LES and its spatial associations with related spaces, in random sections and in 3D. Methods In conjunction with Mimics® and Amira® software, we used thin-slice cross-sectional images of the upper abdomen, retrieved from the Chinese and American Visible Human dataset and the Chinese Virtual Human dataset, to display anatomic features of the LES and spatial relationships of the LES to its related spaces, especially the gastric bare area. The anatomic location of the LES was presented on 3D sections reconstructed from CVH2 images and CT images. Principal Findings What calls for special attention of our results is the LES consists of the left sub-diaphragmatic fat space and gastric bare area. The appearance of the fat pad at the cardiac notch contributes to converting the shape of the anteroexternal surface of the LES from triangular to trapezoidal. Moreover, the LES is adjacent to the lesser omentum and the hepatic bare area in the anterointernal and right rear direction, respectively. Conclusion The LES and its related spaces were imaged in 3D using visualization technique for the first time. This technique is a promising new method for exploring detailed communication relationships among other abdominal spaces, and will promote research on the dynamic extension of abdominal diseases, such as acute pancreatitis and intra-abdominal carcinomatosis.
The IR counterpart of the black-hole candidate 4U 1630-47

We present K band photometry of the region including the radio error box of the soft X-ray tran- sient 4U 1630 47 during its 1998 outburst. We detect a variable source at K =1 6:1 mag located inside the radio error circle which we identify as the counterpart to the X-ray source. We discuss the properties of the source, and conclude that it is most likely a black-hole X-ray binary similar to 4U 1543 47, GRO J1655 40 or SAX J1819.3 2525, containing a relatively early-type secondary.
Evidence that the continued presence of the organ graft and not peripheral donor microchimerism is essential for maintenance of tolerance to alloantigen in vivo in anti-CD4 treated recipients.

The source of donor alloantigen required to maintain tolerance in vivo was evaluated in anti-Cd4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treated mice. Treatment with a depleting anti-Cd4 mAb at the time of transplantation (day -1,0) induces tolerance to C57BL/10 (H2b) vascularized cardiac allografts in C3H.He (H2k) mice. The presence of the vascularized allograft was found to be essential for the induction of tolerance in this experimental model; it is the only source of donor alloantigen during the induction phase of unresponsiveness (0-50 days). In the maintenance phase (>50 days) donor alloantigen is potentially available from two sources, the organ graft itself or donor cells that have migrated out of the graft and are resident in the periphery (donor microchimerism). We show that the vascularized cardiac allograft is essential for the maintenance of tolerance to donor alloantigen in vivo. When the primary heart graft remained in situ, tolerance to donor alloantigens, as assessed by the survival of a second heart graft, was maintained indefinitely (>250 days) (MST of second C57 heart grafts >100 days). However, when the primary heart graft was removed 50 days after transplantation, a time point when tolerance to donor alloantigens was demonstrable in vivo, tolerance was lost 200 days later (MST of second C57 heart grafts 31 days). No evidence of donor microchimerism in the recipient was obtained using allele specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis for donor class I antigen. Persistence of donor alloantigen in the form of the vascularized organ graft is therefore required for both the induction and maintenance of tolerance to alloantigen in vivo in this experimental model.
Scarless skin repair in immunodeficient mice

Scarring, the end result of the wound healing process in adult mammals, is a problem of significant clinical importance. We observed that athymic nude‐nu mice, similar to mammalian fetuses, are able to restore the structure and integrity of injured skin through a process resembling regeneration, where scar formation is absent. Among the postinjured skin tissues collected from athymic nude‐nu, wild‐type controls (C57BL/6J), severe‐combined immunodeficient, Rag (lack of B and T cells), athymic (thymectomized neonates and adult C57BL/6J), and mice treated with an immunosuppressant (cyclosporin A), only athymic nude‐nu mice showed: a lack of scar by histological examination (hematoxylin & eosin and Masson's trichrome staining), low levels of collagen (as determined by hydroxyproline content), high levels of hyaluronic acid, a statistically significant increase in elastic modulus for injured samples over unwounded (biomechanical testing) and low levels of the pro‐scarring cytokines platelet‐derived growth factor‐B and transforming growth factor β1. Additionally, immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses of postinjured tissues as well as flow cytometry analysis of blood samples showed the presence of CD8‐positive cells in all studied animals except nude‐nu mice. We conclude that scarless skin healing in athymic nude‐nu mice provides a new model to study the influence of the immune system on tissue regeneration.
Constitutive “Light” Adaptation in Rods from G90D Rhodopsin: A Mechanism for Human Congenital Nightblindness without Rod Cell Loss

A dominant form of human congenital nightblindness is caused by a gly90→asp (G90D) mutation in rhodopsin. G90D has been shown to activate the phototransduction cascade in the absence of lightin vitro. Such constitutive activity of G90D rhodopsinin vivo would desensitize rod photoreceptors and lead to nightblindness. In contrast, other rhodopsin mutations typically give rise to nightblindness by causing rod cell death. Thus, the proposed desensitization without rod degeneration would be a novel mechanism for this disorder. To explore this possibility, we induced mice to express G90D opsin in their rods and then examined rod function and morphology, after first crossing the transgenic animals with rhodopsin knock-out mice to obtain appropriate levels of opsin expression. The G90D mouse opsin bound the chromophore and formed a bleachable visual pigment with λmax of 492 nm that supported rod photoresponses. (G+/−, R+/−) retinas, heterozygous for both G90D and wild-type (WT) rhodopsin, possessed normal numbers of photoreceptors and had a normal rhodopsin complement but exhibited considerable loss of rod sensitivity as measured electroretinographically. The rod photoresponses were desensitized, and the response time to peak was faster than in (R+/−) animals. An equivalent desensitization resulted by exposing WT retinas to a background light producing 82 photoisomerizations rod−1sec−1, suggesting that G90D rods in darkness act as if they are partially “light-adapted. ” Adding a second G90D allele gave (G+/+, R+/−) animals that exhibited a further increase of equivalent background light level but had no rod cell loss by 24 weeks of age. (G+/+, R−/−) retinas that express only the mutant rhodopsin develop normal rod outer segments and show minimal rod cell loss even at 1 year of age. We conclude that G90D is constitutively active in mouse rods in vivo but that it does not cause significant rod degeneration. Instead, G90D desensitizes rods by a process equivalent to light adaptation.
Tight-loose Coupling of Bundled Capabilities: The Imbalanced Utilization of Emerging Digital Technologies in Newspaper Businesses

Consistent with insights on the joint deployment of capabilities to exploit digital technologies for strategic innovations, recent works re-conceptualize such “dynamic” capabilities as bundles of capabilities. By analyzing the empirical case of German daily quality newspaper organizations, which failed to fully exploit the strategic potential of emerging digital technologies and entered a severe crisis, we examine how capabilities must be coupled to facilitate the strategic use of emerging digital technologies for organizational change. We show that imbalanced couplings of bundled capabilities may lead to one-sided perceptions of digital opportunities that impede strategic reorientations and drive the use of emerging digital technologies into narrow trajectories. Therefore, we conclude that couplings of capabilities must be balanced to fully exploit the strategic potential of emerging digital technologies for conducting organizational change.
A Comparative Perspective on Mothers’ Ethnic Homophily Among Minority Groups in Germany and Israel

Despite beneficial effects of minority members’ contact with majority members, studies have repeatedly shown minorities’ tendency of having predominantly intraethnic social contacts, a phenomenon called ethnic homophily. This study aimed at examining ethnic homophily among mothers belonging to minority groups in Germany and Israel. Mothers from four minority groups participated. Groups were defined by level of societal segregation (higher vs. lower residential and cultural segregation of minority groups within a given society) and cultural distance to the majority society (close vs. distant in terms of religion and value similarity with majority population). We expected group differences, with ethnic homophily being highest among minority mothers living in more segregated societies with a large cultural distance to the majority population and vice versa. We also expected within-group variation, with higher levels of homophily being reported by women who use the majority language less frequently, have lower orientations toward natives, have higher orientations toward their own minority, and perceive higher levels of discrimination. The total sample included 1,223 mothers (ethnic German diaspora repatriates and Turks in Germany, Russian Jewish diaspora migrants, and Arabs in Israel). We assessed homophily in strong and weak social network ties. Results revealed the highest homophily (for weak and strong ties) among Israeli Arab mothers and lowest among ethnic German diaspora repatriate mothers with the two other groups located in between the two. Use of majority language emerged as rather universal predictor related to both outcomes in all minority groups, whereas minority and majority orientations were outcome or group specific, respectively.
Zinc Supplementation Protects against Cadmium Accumulation and Cytotoxicity in Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney Cells

Cadmium ions (Cd2+) have been reported to accumulate in bovine tissues, although Cd2+ cytotoxicity has not been investigated thoroughly in this species. Zinc ions (Zn2+) have been shown to antagonize the toxic effects of heavy metals such as Cd2+ in some systems. The present study investigated Cd2+ cytotoxicity in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) epithelial cells, and explored whether this was modified by Zn2+. Exposure to Cd2+ led to a dose- and time-dependent increase in apoptotic cell death, with increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage. Zn2+ supplementation alleviated Cd2+-induced cytotoxicity and this protective effect was more obvious when cells were exposed to a lower concentration of Cd2+ (10 μM), as compared to 50 μM Cd2+. This indicated that high levels of Cd2+ accumulation might induce irreversible damage in bovine kidney cells. Metallothioneins (MTs) are metal-binding proteins that play an essential role in heavy metal ion detoxification. We found that co-exposure to Zn2+ and Cd2+ synergistically enhanced RNA and protein expression of MT-1, MT-2, and the metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 in MDBK cells. Notably, addition of Zn2+ reduced the amounts of cytosolic Cd2+ detected following MDBK exposure to 10 μM Cd2+. These findings revealed a protective role of Zn2+ in counteracting Cd2+ uptake and toxicity in MDBK cells, indicating that this approach may provide a means to protect livestock from excessive Cd2+ accumulation.
For the sake of argument: Mourning the unborn and reviving the dead through conceptual blending

Attested instances of persuasive discourse were examined from the perspective of conceptual blending theory to reveal that serious argumentative points are often made via the construction of unrealistic blended cognitive models. The unrealistic character of these models is often related to compression, a process by which complex relationships are reconstrued with simpler, more familiar concepts. These examples show how speakers' compressions enable them to strategically frame controversial issues, and to evoke particular sorts of affective responses consistent with their argumentative goals. Analysis points to various constraints on blending. Besides the constitutive and governing principles outlined by Fauconnier & Turner (2002), conceptual integration operations are greatly constrained by the frames and cultural models of a particular community, together with overall knowledge of the communicative event, the cognitive task, the issues dealt with, and the discursive goal. The paper focuses on pre-natal and post-mortem blends in �pro-life� rhetoric and judicial argumentation.
Dynamic Neural Turing Machine with Soft and Hard Addressing Schemes

We extend neural Turing machine (NTM) model into a dynamic neural Turing machine (D-NTM) by introducing a trainable memory addressing scheme. This addressing scheme maintains for each memory cell two separate vectors, content and address vectors. This allows the D-NTM to learn a wide variety of location-based addressing strategies including both linear and nonlinear ones. We implement the D-NTM with both continuous, differentiable and discrete, non-differentiable read/write mechanisms. We investigate the mechanisms and effects of learning to read and write into a memory through experiments on Facebook bAbI tasks using both a feedforward and GRUcontroller. The D-NTM is evaluated on a set of Facebook bAbI tasks and shown to outperform NTM and LSTM baselines. We have done extensive analysis of our model and different variations of NTM on bAbI task. We also provide further experimental results on sequential pMNIST, Stanford Natural Language Inference, associative recall and copy tasks.
Weight gain within the normal weight range predicts ultrasonographically detected fatty liver in healthy Korean men

Objectives: We performed a prospective study to determine whether weight gain predicts future ultrasonographically detected fatty liver (USFL) in a lean adult population. Methods: Among 15 347 Korean male workers, aged 30–59 years, who participated in a health check-up programme in 2002, a USFL-free cohort of 4246 non-diabetic men was followed until September 2007. Alcohol consumption was assessed by a questionnaire. Weight change for each subject was calculated as the difference between baseline and subsequent measurements. Biochemical tests for liver and metabolic function were done. The primary outcome was ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver. A standard Cox proportional hazards model and time-dependent Cox model were performed. Results: During 16 829.7 person-years of follow-up, 622 participants developed USFL. After adjusting for age, the period from visit 1 to visit 2, BMI, HDL-C, triglyceride, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, and HOMA-IR, the risk for USFL increased with increasing quartiles of weight change (p for trend <0.001). This association remained significant when weight change and covariates, except age and the period from visit 1 to visit 2, were modelled as time-dependent variables. Subjects in the fourth quartile (weight gain ⩾2.3 kg) were at significantly elevated risk for USFL (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.26; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.58). These associations did not change, even in normal weight men with a baseline BMI between 18.5 and 22.9 kg/m2 (n = 2186). Conclusion: Weight gain per se appears to increase the risk for developing USFL. Thus, avoiding weight gain, even among lean adult individuals, can be helpful in preventing this disease.