Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined time and information redundancy for SEU-tolerance in energy-efficient real-time systems

Recently, the tradeoff between energy consumption and fault-tolerance in real-time systems has been highlighted. These works have focused on dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) to reduce dynamic energy dissipation and on-time redundancy to achieve transient-fault tolerance. While the time redundancy technique exploits the available slack-time to increase the fault-tolerance by performing recovery executions, DVS exploits slack-time to save energy. Therefore, we believe there is a resource conflict between the time-redundancy technique and DVS. The first aim of this paper is to propose the use of information redundancy to solve this problem. We demonstrate through analytical and experimental studies that it is possible to achieve both higher transient fault-tolerance [tolerance to single event upsets (SEUs)] and less energy using a combination of information and time redundancy when compared with using time redundancy alone. The second aim of this paper is to analyze the interplay of transient-fault tolerance (SEU-tolerance) and adaptive body biasing (ABB) used to reduce static leakage energy, which has not been addressed in previous studies. We show that the same technique (i.e., the combination of time and information redundancy) is applicable to ABB-enabled systems and provides more advantages than time redundancy alone.
On the stability of a linear bioprocess model with recycle loop

In this note, we treat a linear bioprocess model with recycle loop and analyze the spectrum of the closed-loop operator in order to discuss the exponential stability. It is shown that a C/sub 0/-semigroup generated by the closed-loop operator satisfies the spectrum determined growth assumption and that the recycle loop works effectively for the process through a numerical simulation.
Measuring embeddedness: Hierarchical scale‐dependent information exchange efficiency of the human brain connectome

This article presents a novel approach for understanding information exchange efficiency and its decay across hierarchies of modularity, from local to global, of the structural human brain connectome. Magnetic resonance imaging techniques have allowed us to study the human brain connectivity as a graph, which can then be analyzed using a graph‐theoretical approach. Collectively termed brain connectomics, these sophisticated mathematical techniques have revealed that the brain connectome, like many networks, is highly modular and brain regions can thus be organized into communities or modules. Here, using tractography‐informed structural connectomes from 46 normal healthy human subjects, we constructed the hierarchical modularity of the structural connectome using bifurcating dendrograms. Moving from fine to coarse (i.e., local to global) up the connectome's hierarchy, we computed the rate of decay of a new metric that hierarchically preferentially weighs the information exchange between two nodes in the same module. By computing “embeddedness”‐the ratio between nodal efficiency and this decay rate, one could thus probe the relative scale‐invariant information exchange efficiency of the human brain. Results suggest that regions that exhibit high embeddedness are those that comprise the limbic system, the default mode network, and the subcortical nuclei. This supports the presence of near‐decomposability overall yet relative embeddedness in select areas of the brain. The areas we identified as highly embedded are varied in function but are arguably linked in the evolutionary role they play in memory, emotion and behavior. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3653–3665, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reducing Approximation Error in the Fourier Flexible Form

The Fourier Flexible form introduced by Gallant (1981; 1982) provides a global approximation to an unknown data generating process. In terms of limiting function specication error, this form is preferable to functional forms based on second-order Taylor series expansions, such as the translog or normalized quadratic. The Fourier Flexible form is most commonly represented as a truncated Fourier series expansion appended to a second-order expansion in logarithms. By replacing the logarithmic expansion with a Box-Cox transformation, we show that the Fourier Flexible form can be made more robust to approximation error and allow for nested testing between some of the most commonly implemented functional forms in empirical work.
Open educational resources: inquiring into author use and reuse

For teachers and learners, the proliferation of Open Educational Resources (OER) in combination with advances in information technologies has meant centralised access to materials and the possibility of creating, using, and reusing OER globally, collaboratively, and across multiple disciplines. Through an examination of a community of author users of the OER portal Connexions, this article explores individual and group authorship, OER use and reuse and the factors contributing to and hindering these practices. As such, the paper sheds light on how OER can be sustained and continuously improved, with an emphasis on the use and reuse of dynamic, relevant, and high quality materials over time.
Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Overexpression Enhances Insulin Sensitivity

Objective—Previous studies suggest that nitric oxide (NO) may modulate insulin-induced uptake of glucose in insulin-sensitive tissues. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS). We hypothesized that a reduction in endogenous ADMA would increase NO synthesis and thereby enhance insulin sensitivity. Methods and Results—To test this hypothesis we used a transgenic mouse in which we overexpressed human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH-I). The DDAH-I mice had lower plasma ADMA at all ages (22 to 70 wk) by comparison to wild-type (WT) littermates. With a glucose challenge, WT mice showed a prompt increase in ADMA, whereas DDAH-I mice had a blunted response. Furthermore, DDAH-I mice had a blunted increase in plasma insulin and glucose levels after glucose challenge, with a 50% reduction in the insulin resistence index, consistent with enhanced sensitivity to insulin. In liver, we observed an increased Akt phosphorylation in the DDAH-I mice after i.p. glucose challenge. Incubation of skeletal muscle from WT mice ex vivo with ADMA (2 &mgr;mol/L) markedly suppressed insulin-induced glycogen synthesis in fast-twitch but not slow-twitch muscle. Conclusions—These findings suggest that the endogenous NOS inhibitor ADMA reduces insulin sensitivity, consistent with previous observations that NO plays a role in insulin sensitivity.
Star formation activity of intermediate redshift cluster galaxies out to the infall regions

We present a spectroscopic analysis of two galaxy clusters at z 0.2, out to ∼4 Mpc. The two clusters VMF73 and VMF74 as identified by Vikhlinin et al. (1998) were observed with multiple object spectroscopy using MOSCA at the Calar Alto 3.5 m telescope. Both clusters lie in the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter field R285 and were selected from the X-ray Dark Cluster Survey (Gilbank et al. 2004) that provides optical V- and I-band data. VMF73 and VMF74 are located at respective redshifts of z = 0.25 and z = 0.18 with velocity dispersions of 671 km s -1 and 442 km s -1 , respectively. Both cluster velocity dispersions are consistent with Gaussians. The spectroscopic observations reach out to ∼2.5 virial radii. Line strength measurements of the emission lines H α and [O II]λ3727 are used to assess the star formation activity of cluster galaxies which show radial and density dependences. The mean and median of both line strength distributions as well as the fraction of star forming galaxies increase with increasing clustercentric distance and decreasing local galaxy density. Except for two galaxies with strong H α and [O II] emission, all of the cluster galaxies are normal star forming or passive galaxies. Our results are consistent with other studies that show the truncation in star formation occurs far from the cluster centre.
Language Ability of Students With Emotional Disturbance: Discrepancies Between Teacher Ratings and Direct Assessment

Language impairment often goes unidentified in students with behavioral disorders, perhaps in part because different forms of problem behavior deflect adult attention from more subtle language deficits. Therefore, attention to teachers’ perception of students’ language and behavioral performance is merited. The present study examines agreement between a norm-referenced adult rating scale of language proficiency and a standardized, comprehensive language assessment in a sample of 43 boys identified with emotional disturbance (ED). Results of this preliminary study showed low agreement between direct assessment and teacher ratings of language, and that measures of language varied relative to behavioral profiles.
Oblique Projections and Abstract Splines

Given a closed subspace J of a Hilbert space H and a bounded linear operator A ∈ L(H) which is positive, consider the set of all A-self-adjoint projections onto J: P(A, J) = {Q ∈ L(H): Q2 = Q, Q(H) = J, AQ= Q*A}. In addition, if H1 is another Hilbert space, T : H → H1 is a bounded linear operator such that T*T = A and ξ ∈ H, consider the set of (T,J) spline interpolants to ξ: s p(T,J,ξ)={η ∈ ξ + J:||Tη||=minσ∈J||T(ξ+σ)||} A strong relationship exists between P(A, J) and sp(T, J, ξ). In fact, P(A, J) is not empty if and only if sp(T,J,ξ) is not empty for every ξ ∈ H. In this case, for any ξ ∈ H\J it holds s p(T,J,ξ)={(1-Q)ξ:Q∈P(A,J)} and for any ξ ∈ H, the unique vector of s p(T,J,ξ) with minimal norm is (1 - PA,J)ξ, where PA,J is a distinguished element of P(A,J). These results offer a generalization to arbitrary operators of several theorems by de Boor, Atteia, Sard and others, which hold for closed range operators.
College student social networking and its relationship to perceived social support

This study examined the relationships between integration into popular social networking site Facebook and feelings of social support and university belonging among traditional college-age students. The study bears importance to higher education, as it examines a technology that students use with ever-increasing frequency in order to interact with individuals both in and out of their institution of higher education. While prior research has examined a number of outcomes related to Internet and social networking behaviors, there was little that examined how students felt supported or felt they belong to their institution in relation to their online behaviors. By researching the relationships between social networking technology use and students’ perceptions of social support and belonging, we can better understand the importance of such technologies on an important facet of college students’ experiences. The research strategy involved the administration of an online survey to over 150 students at a large, Midwestern research university, age 18 through 22. The instruments used in the study were the Facebook Intensity Scale (FIS), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Psychological Sense of School Membership (PSSM) scales, along with items examining students’ demographic characteristics, Internet use history, and items intended to supplement the FIS by determining different interactive experiences of students with peers and friends from high school. Variables were analyzed using multiple linear regression, with demographics and Internet use history variables used as controls. The study found many notable relationships between the measured constructs and variables. In regards to the influence of Facebook on social support and university belonging, significant relationships were found. Several items in the FIS were found to be significantly related with MSPSS and PSSM scales and subscales. Other variables, such as the use of Facebook to stay connected with friends from high school, had similar relationships to the PSSM and portions of the MSPSS. Even when controlled by demographic and Internet use history variables, several of these items were significant. This study demonstrates the importance in examining the online behaviors of today’s college students, and to continue to investigate the domains and outcomes that are related to use of sites such as Facebook. Although this current study was exploratory by nature and its sample relatively small, it aids in understanding how college students commonly utilize online technologies for social interaction, and found notable and significant relationships that better inform both practitioners of higher education and researchers interested in similar topics.
Utilizing an Iterative Research-Based Lesson Study Approach to Support Preservice Teachers' Professional Noticing.

The purpose of this study was to explore how participation in iterative lesson study cycles within an elementary classroom setting could potentially provide preservice teachers opportunities to develop the ability to professional notice students’ science thinking. Using a case study approach, we examined how six preservice teachers professionally noticed while engaged in a lesson study model in an early field experience context that focused on collection of evidence of students’ thinking and collaborative reflection and discussion. We analyzed video and artifacts from five lesson study cycles, mapped how the preservice teachers professionally noticed throughout each cycle, and examined interactions between the three components of noticing. Participants’ abilities to attend to student thinking ranged from general descriptions of how students were exploring and discussing the content, to detailing the specific actions and words of individual students (attending), and to identifying patterns of student thinking across the class and across the five lessons (interpreting). The preservice teachers were able to respond to students’ thinking at various levels, thus demonstrating the ability to engage in the three components of noticing, and sometimes connected their observations (attending) to their interpretations and their responses to how students were thinking. We believe participants’ abilities to notice can be attributed to the iterative approach to our model of teaching, reflecting, and revising through the lens of assessing and revising lessons based on students’ learning needs in an authentic context. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for supporting preservice teachers as they further develop their abilities to professionally notice.
Control of V(D)J Recombination through Transcriptional Elongation and Changes in Locus Chromatin Structure and Nuclear Organization

V(D)J recombination is the assembly of gene segments at the antigen receptor loci to generate antigen receptor diversity in T and B lymphocytes. This process is regulated, according to defined developmental programs, by the action of a single specific recombinase complex formed by the recombination antigen gene (RAG-1/2) proteins that are expressed in immature lymphocytes. V(D)J recombination is strictly controlled by RAG-1/2 accessibility to specific recombination signal sequences in chromatin at several levels: cellular lineage, temporal regulation, gene segment order, and allelic exclusion. DNA cleavage by RAG-1/2 is regulated by the chromatin structure, transcriptional elongation, and three-dimensional architecture and position of the antigen receptor loci in the nucleus. Cis-elements specifically direct transcription and V(D)J recombination at these loci through interactions with transacting factors that form molecular machines that mediate a sequence of structural events. These events open chromatin to activate transcriptional elongation and to permit the access of RAG-1/2 to their recombination signal sequences to drive the juxtaposition of the V, D, and J segments and the recombination reaction itself. This chapter summarizes the advances in this area and the important role of the structure and position of antigen receptor loci within the nucleus to control this process.
International Journal of Information Management

Thedesignofaqualitywebsite,aspartofe-businessstrategy,hasbecomeakeyelementforsuccessinthe online market. This article analyzes the main factors that must be taken into account when designing a commercial website, concentrating on the Aceros de Hispania company and its business model. We have studied the features which determine website quality: accessibility, speed, navigability, content, and we have calculated the Web Assessment Index (WAI) proposed by Miranda and Ba˜negil [Miranda, F. J., & Ba˜negil,T.M. (2004). Quantitativeevaluationofcommercialwebsites:AnempiricalstudyofSpanishﬁrms. International Journal of Information Management , 24 (4), 313–328]. The results obtained provide several lessonswhichshouldbeborneinmindwhendesigningacommerciale-strategy.Firstly,itcanbeobserved that Internet popularity and search engine positioning facilitate entry to practically inaccessible markets. Secondly, the navigability makes users feel comfortable and secure when browsing it, which increases the probability of a transaction being completed. Finally, the information provided on the website must be accurate, informative, updated and relevant to customers’ requirements. Like Aceros de Hispania, any company, thanks to the Internet, will be able to overcome the barriers which would impede its successful worldwide development in the ofﬂine market.
Structure-based design of a disulfide-linked oligomeric form of the simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen DNA-binding domain

With the aim of forming the ‘lock-washer’ conformation of the origin-binding domain of SV40 large T antigen in solution, using structure-based analysis an intermolecular disulfide bridge was engineered into the origin-binding domain to generate higher order oligomers in solution. The 1.7 Å resolution structure shows that the mutant forms a spiral in the crystal and has the de novo disulfide bond at the protein interface, although structural rearrangements at the interface are observed relative to the wild type.
Riding the crest of the teachable moment: promoting long-term health after the diagnosis of cancer.

PURPOSE Cancer survivors are at increased risk for several comorbid conditions, and many seek lifestyle change to reduce dysfunction and improve long-term health. To better understand the impact of cancer on adult survivors' health and health behaviors, a review was conducted to determine (1) prevalent physical health conditions, (2) persistent lifestyle changes, and (3) outcomes of previous lifestyle interventions aimed at improving health within this population. METHODS Relevant studies from 1966 and beyond were identified through MEDLINE and PubMed searches. RESULTS Cancer survivors are at increased risk for progressive disease but also for second primaries, osteoporosis, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and functional decline. To improve overall health, survivors frequently initiate diet, exercise, and other lifestyle changes after diagnosis. However, those who are male, older, and less educated are less likely to adopt these changes. There also is selective uptake of messages, as evidenced by findings that only 25% to 42% of survivors consume adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables, and approximately 70% of breast and prostate cancer survivors are overweight or obese. Several behavioral interventions show promise for improving survivors' health-related outcomes. Oncologists can play a pivotal role in health promotion, yet only 20% provide such guidance. CONCLUSION With 64% of cancer patients surviving > 5 years beyond diagnosis, oncologists are challenged to expand their focus from acute care to managing the long-term health consequences of cancer. Although more research is needed, opportunities exist for oncologists to promote lifestyle changes that may improve the length and quality of life of their patients.
Investigating the efficacy of algorithmic student modelling in predicting students at risk of failing in tertiary education

The increasing numbers enrolling for college courses, and increased diversity in the classroom, poses a challenge for colleges in enabling all students achieve their potential. This paper reports on a study to model factors, using data mining techniques, that are predictive of college academic performance, and can be measured during first year enrolment. Data was gathered over three years, and focused on a diverse student population of first year students from a range of academic disciplines (n≈1100). Initial models generated on two years of data (n=713) demonstrate high accuracy. Advice is sought on additional analysis approaches to consider.
Long-Term Field Study Reveals Subtle Effects of the Invasive Alga Sargassum muticum upon the Epibiota of Zostera marina

Invasive species can alter coastal ecosystems both directly, e.g. through competition for substratum and nutrients, and indirectly. Indirect effects may be mediated by creation of dissimilar or inimical habitats, changes in predator and/or prey assemblages, alterations in associated biota, and perturbations of water movement and thermal regimes. Previous studies have shown that invasive algae can modify native habitat architecture, disrupt intricately linked food webs and alter epibiotic assemblages. In the UK, the seagrass Zostera marina supports a diverse epibiotic assemblage, influencing key factors such as sediment dynamics, depositional regime and trophic linkages. Increasing encroachment of the invasive alga Sargassum muticum into seagrass meadows changes the physical and chemical characteristics of the local environment and creates the potential for changes in the epibionts associated with the seagrass blades, threatening the integrity of the seagrass ecosystem. We investigated the effects of S. muticum invasion upon the epibiota of Z. marina in a drowned river valley in SW England seasonally from spring to autumn over four years in an in-situ manipulative experiment, comparing permanent quadrats with and without artificially introduced S. muticum. Epibiota were weighed, identified to the most detailed operational taxonomic unit (OTU) possible, and unitary organisms were enumerated. Multivariate PERMANOVA+ analysis revealed significant differences in epibiont assemblages between Sargassum treatments. Linear mixed effects models indicated that differences in epibiota assemblage composition were not reflected as significant differences in mean biomass per sample, or number of epibiont OTUs per sample. We conclude that S. muticum invasion into Z. marina meadows may significantly alter the species composition and abundance distribution of epibiotic assemblages found on the blades of the seagrass. Thus S. muticum invasion could have more wide-reaching effects on processes within coastal ecosystems than predicted purely by direct effects.
Isolated Neutron Stars in the Galaxy

In this article we briefly review our recent results on evolution and properties of isolated neutron stars (INSs) in the Galaxy. As the first step we calculate a census of INSs in our Galaxy. We infer a lower bound for the mean kick velocity of NSs, �(200-300) kms 1 . The same conclusion is reached for both a constant magnetic field (B � 10 12 G) and for a magnetic field decaying exponentially with a timescale � 10 9 yr. These results, moreover, constrain the fraction of low velocity stars, which could have escaped