Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing High Performance Teams: Long-Standing Principles That Work

Few trends have influenced jobs more than the movement to introduce teams in the workplace. Building effective teams requires long-standing principles regarding stages of team development, member roles, norms, status, size, and cohesiveness. Teams develop through the stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Members may assume task-oriented, relationship-oriented, or self-oriented roles. Teams develop norms to regulate and guide member behavior. Status inequities can create frustration and adversely affect productivity. The size of the team depends on the task performed. Cohesiveness can influence a team’s productivity or not, depending on the team’s performance-related norms. Team members and leaders need to be mindful of the potential team dysfunctions including social loafing and groupthink.
Cellular basis of wing size variation in Drosophila melanogaster: a comparison of latitudinal clines on two continents

We investigated the cellular basis of two extensive, continuous, latitudinal, genetic, body size clines of Drosophila melanogaster by measuring wing area and cell size in the wing blade of adult flies reared under standard, laboratory conditions. We report that the contribution of cell size to an Australian cline is much smaller than that to a South American cline. The data suggest that neither cell size nor cell number were the targets of selection, but rather wing area itself, or a trait closely related to it. We hypothesize that the differences between the continents were caused by differences in the initial pattern of genetic variation for the cell traits and/or by the direction of selection on the source populations of the clines. Despite large differences between continents in the cellular basis of the latitudinal variation, multiple regression analysis, using the individual variation within populations, showed that the relationship between cell size and cell number was changed with latitude in the same way in the two clines. The relative contribution of cell number to wing area variation increased with latitude, probably because of compensatory interactions with cell size as a consequence of the latitudinal increase in cell number. Our findings are discussed in relation to the cellular basis of evolutionary change in laboratory thermal selection lines and natural populations along latitudinal clines.
Effects of herbicides on growth and number of actinomycetes in soil and in vitro

This study was conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effects of herbicides (nicosulfuron, metribuzin and glyphosate) on the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of several isolates of actinomycetes in vitro. The lowest tested concentrations equalled the recommended rates (1X), while the other three were five-fold (5X), ten-fold (10X) and fifty-fold (50X). Samples were collected for analysis 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after herbicide application. Treatment with the two highest concentrations of herbicides (10X and 50X) caused a significant inhibition of the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of the isolates in vitro. The obtained data indicated that the effect depended on the type of herbicide, application rate, duration of activity and actinomycetes isolate. The study suggests that herbicide applications in soil caused transient effects on the growth and development on actinomycetes community in soil.
'Bureaucracy' and 'rationality' in Weber's organization theory

I am aware that there are unclarities and difficulties of considerable importance in these five varieties of alienation (especially, I believe, in the attempted solution of "selfestrangement" and the idea of "meaninglessness"). But I have attempted, first, to distinguish the meanings that have been given to alienation, and second, to work toward a more useful conception of each of these meanings. It may seem, at first reading, that the language employed-the language of expectations and rewards-is somewhat strange, if not misguided. But I would urge that the language is more traditional than it may seem. Nathan Glazer certainly is well within that tradition when, in a summary essay on alienation, he speaks of our modern ". sense of the splitting asunder of what was once together, the breaking of the seamless mold in which values, behavior, and expectations were once cast into interlocking forms. " 28 These same three concepts-reward value, behavior, and expectancy-are key elements in the theory that underlies the present characterization of alienation. Perhaps, on closer inspection, the reader will find only that initial strangeness which is often experienced when we translate what was sentimentally understood into a secular question.
Altruism and Strategic Giving in Children and Adolescents

We conduct a laboratory experiment to investigate the evolution of altruism and strategic giving from childhood to adulthood. 334 school-age children and adolescents (from K to 12th grade) and 48 college students participated in a one-shot dictator game and a repeated alternating version of the same dictator game. Each dictator game featured the choice between a fair split (4; 4) and a selfish split (6; 1) between oneself and an anonymous partner. We find that altruism (fair split in the one-shot game) increases with age in children and drops after adolescence, and cannot alone account for the development of cooperation in the repeated game. Older subjects reciprocate more and also better anticipate the potential gains of initiating a cooperative play. Overall, children younger than 7 years of age are neither altruistic nor strategic while college students strategically cooperate despite a relatively low level of altruism. Participants in the intermediate age range gradually learn to anticipate the long term benefits of cooperation and to adapt their behavior to that of their partner. A turning point after which cooperation can be sustained occurs at about 11-12 years of age.
The Adjustment of the Individual to his Age and Sex Roles

I ' N DISCUSSING the adjustment of the individual to his age and sex roles, I shall be using the term role to refer to an internally consistent series of conditioned responses by one member of a social situation which represents the stimulus pattern for a similarly internally consistent series of conditioned responses of the other(s) in that situation. Dealing with human behavior in terms of roles, therefore, requires that any item of behavior must always be placed in some specified self-other context. By way of further clarification it is necessary to call attention to the distinction between the use of the term role to refer to a modal system of responses which constitutes the culturally expected behavior and the particular system of responses with which a specific individual operates. Thus, when we speak of the individual's ability to perform in his sex role, we refer to the relation which his behavior, in situations in which sex classification is relevant, bears to some modal pattern expected in a given cultural or subcultural group. On the other hand, even though he may deviate widely and may properly be said not to be acting in the proper role, his own particular self-other pattern is his role also. If a middle class husband is indifferent and irresponsible and expects his wife to support and stabilize the family, he is not manifesting the particular complex of behavior we expect from the role of the husband, but he nevertheless has a particular role in his marriage. We may refer then to cultural roles and unique roles. The distinction is most obvious when we have a person equipped with both a cultural and a deviant pattern. The present discussion is directed to the consideration of the problem of adjustment to the cultural role or roles assigned to a given age and sex classification. Adjustment is usually indicated negatively as the degree of maladjustment. We may assume that the amount of tension, anxiety and frustration generated by the attempt to discover and play a given role is an index of the individual's adjustment to such a role. It is not the purpose of this paper to discuss particular problems which individuals encounter in adjusting to culturally defined roles required of them because of membership in given age, sex, class, caste and other social
Nondiphtherial Corynebacterium species isolated from clinical specimens of patients in a university hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Over a five-year period, 163 strains of Corynebacterium sp. were recovered from different clinical specimens of patients from a Brazilian University hospital. Genitourinary tract and intravenous sites specimens were the most frequent sources of corynebacteria (46.62%). Corynebacterium amycolatum (29.55%), Corynebacterium minutissimum (20.45%) and Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum (13.63%) were the predominant species found in genitourinary tract. C. minutissimum (24.14%) and Corynebacterium propinquum (17.24%) in surgical and/or other skin wounds and abscesses; Corynebacterium xerosis (25%), C. amycolatum (21.87%) and C. pseudodiphtheriticum (18.75%) in intravenous sites; C. pseudodiphtheriticum (33.33%) and C. propinquum (33.33%) in lower respiratory tract. Microorganisms were all susceptible to vancomycin and most of the species was predominantly resistant to b-lactams. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of corynebacteria were not predictable. Multiple antibiotic resistance observed in C. jeikeium was also found among C. xerosis, C. minutissimum, C. afermentans, C. propinquum, C. amycolatum and C. pseudodiphtheriticum strains. Data suggest awareness of clinicians and microbiologists to nosocomial infections especially due to antimicrobial multiresistant strains of Corynebacterium sp.
Impact of eWOM Source Characteristics on The Purchasing Intention.

forms, the use of constructs represents the different objects and behaviour of the complex world (Smith, 2003). A positivist approach generally translates into an epistemological position that uses quantitative research methodology as its basic foundation, which means that empirical evidence is collected in order to prove or disprove a hypothesis. Accordingly, a deductive approach will guide the researcher to the knowledge required. This approach has a propensity to use questionnaires for data collection and statistical analysis to support or challenge existing theories (Stiles, 2003). Such an epistemological stance provides knowledge with a result that fulfils the requirement of both generalisability and reliability, which are the main goals of positivism.
A 3-Dimensional Anthropometric Evaluation of Facial Morphology Among Chinese and Greek Population

IntroductionThe use of 3-dimensional (3D) facial imaging has taken greater importance as orthodontists use the soft tissue paradigm in the evaluation of skeletal disproportion. Studies have shown that faces defer in populations. To date, no anthropometric evaluations have been made of Chinese and Greek faces. AimThe aim of this study was to compare facial morphologies of Greeks and Chinese using 3D facial anthropometric landmarks. Materials and MethodsThree-dimensional facial images were acquired via a commercially available stereophotogrammetric camera capture system. The 3dMD face system captured 245 subjects from 2 population groups (Chinese [n = 72] and Greek [n = 173]), and each population was categorized into male and female groups for evaluation. All subjects in the group were between 18 and 30 years old and had no apparent facial anomalies. Twenty-five anthropometric landmarks were identified on the 3D faces of each subject. Soft tissue nasion was set as the “zeroed” reference landmark. Twenty landmark distances were constructed and evaluated within 3 dimensions of space. Six angles, 4 proportions, and 1 construct were also calculated. Student t test was used to analyze each data set obtained within each subgroup. ResultsDistinct facial differences were noted between the subgroups evaluated. When comparing differences of sexes in 2 populations (eg, male Greeks and male Chinese), significant differences were noted in more than 80% of the landmark distances calculated. One hundred percent of the angular were significant, and the Chinese were broader in width to height facial proportions. In evaluating the lips to the esthetic line, the Chinese population had more protrusive lips. ConclusionsThere are differences in the facial morphologies of subjects obtained from a Chinese population versus that of a Greek population.
Motor Performance in the Context of Externally-imposed Payoffs

Humans need to rapidly select movements that achieve their goal while avoiding negative outcomes. The processes leading to these decisions have only recently been studied. In the typical paradigm used to gain insight into the decision process, participants aim to a target circle that is overlapped by a penalty circle. They receive 100 points for hitting the target, and lose points for hitting the penalty region. Previous research has shown that participants generally behave like a rational decision maker by adapting their endpoint when the distance between the target and penalty circle and the penalty value changes (although some suboptimal selection has been noted). The overall purpose of the research reported in the present thesis was to determine if there are contexts when participants’ behaviour is suboptimal in a rapid, motor decision making tasks. Taken together, the results from four studies showed that: 1) participants require experience and feedback to aim to optimal locations; 2) participants often aimed closer to target center than optimal; and, 3) probability (represented through spatial parameters) has more influence over participant’s motor decisions than does the value of the penalty. Therefore, participants’ actions do not necessarily conform to a rational model of decision making; rather, there are consistent biases arising in the selection, planning, and execution of actions in specific contexts. These findings and conclusions can lead to a more descriptive understanding of motor decision making to provide information that is in addition to prescriptive models of rational behaviour. %%%%PhD
Risk factors of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary care hospital, Bahawalpur Pakistan.

Objectives: To find out the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study involving 300 patients of type 2 diabetes. Clinical history, relevant examination including fundoscopy and lab investigations were done. Data was analysed with SPSS 17.0. T-test and chi square/Fischer exact were applied to determine significance. Results: Mean age of the patients was 49.04 ± 0.69 years with slight female predominance with male to female ratio of 3:4. Average duration of disease was 7.17 ± 0.38 years. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed in (74, 23.9%). Mean HbA1c was 8.15% in patients with retinopathy and 8.884% in those who had no retinopathy (p=0.08). However, duration of DM, age of patients, male gender, high total cholesterol, high LDL and microalbuminuria were significantly associated with the development of retinopathy. Conclusions: Diabetic retinopathy was found in 23.9% of type 2 diabetics. It was associated with duration of disease, age at presentation, male gender, high total cholesterol, high LDL and microalbuminuria. A single high level of HbA1c was not associated with retinopathy.
Preserved Self-Awareness following Extensive Bilateral Brain Damage to the Insula, Anterior Cingulate, and Medial Prefrontal Cortices

It has been proposed that self-awareness (SA), a multifaceted phenomenon central to human consciousness, depends critically on specific brain regions, namely the insular cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Such a proposal predicts that damage to these regions should disrupt or even abolish SA. We tested this prediction in a rare neurological patient with extensive bilateral brain damage encompassing the insula, ACC, mPFC, and the medial temporal lobes. In spite of severe amnesia, which partially affected his “autobiographical self”, the patient's SA remained fundamentally intact. His Core SA, including basic self-recognition and sense of self-agency, was preserved. His Extended SA and Introspective SA were also largely intact, as he has a stable self-concept and intact higher-order metacognitive abilities. The results suggest that the insular cortex, ACC and mPFC are not required for most aspects of SA. Our findings are compatible with the hypothesis that SA is likely to emerge from more distributed interactions among brain networks including those in the brainstem, thalamus, and posteromedial cortices.
The Effectiveness of Screening for Obesity in Primary Care: Weighing the Evidence

In response to growing alarm about the increase in the prevalence of obesity in the United States, several organizations have recommended that physicians screen their adult patients for this condition and initiate treatment. Screening can be an effective intervention when the condition is grave and prevalent, when an accurate test exists, when effective treatment exists, when the screening program itself does not pose undue risks, and when early detection and treatment improve outcomes. This article critically reviews the evidence supporting these criteria in the case of obesity in adults. It extends previous reviews by assessing the potential impact that uncertainties in the evidence base may have on the effectiveness a screening program. It also examines the feasibility of such a program. We conclude that following the recommendation to screen all adults for obesity is unlikely to improve outcomes.
Renal Reabsorption of Bicarbonate in Puppies: Effect of Extracellular Volume Contraction on the Renal Threshold for Bicarbonate

Extract: It has been recognized for many years that infants have lower concentrations of bicarbonate in plasma than older children and adults, due neither to a limited renal capacity to excrete hydrogen ion nor to a reduced capacity for reabsorption of bicarbonate, but to a low renal threshold for bicarbonate. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether the neonate and young of another species also could be shown to have a “physiologic acidosis” and, if so, to use this model for exploration of factors that might influence the threshold for bicarbonate. Mean pH of blood and concentration of bicarbonate in plasma in 11 young suckling puppies were 7.24 ± 0.018 and 18.2 ± 0.55 mmoles/liter, respectively, levels considerably lower than those found in adult dogs. In all but one animal pH of urine was below 6.0. Inasmuch as puppies thus appear to be in a state of “physiologic acidosis” and to have no limitation in acidification of the urine, we feel that this animal provides a suitable model for further examination of the characteristics of renal reabsorption and excretion of bicarbonate during immaturity. Titrations of bicarbonate performed in the usual manner demonstrated a threshold of 17–20 mmoles/liter, with a mean of 18.3. In the absence of significant volume expansion, maximal rates of reabsorption of bicarbonate were not observed despite filtered loads that were double those at threshold. Fractional excretion of sodium during control periods in animals which were not dehydrated averaged 2.9 ± 1.8% compared with 0.16 ± 0.08% in animals which were slightly dehydrated by their previous treatment with ammonium chloride. In this group, by replacement of gastric fluid (primarily sodium and potassium chloride) with a solution of sodium and potassium bicarbonate, renal handling of bicarbonate at varying filtered loads could be studied in the absence of volume expansion and with the continued stimulus for reabsorption of sodium. Under these circumstances, the renal threshold for bicarbonate was found to be markedly increased (25.2 ± 1.12). Saline was administered to two animals after the threshold had been passed. At any given level of filtered load the rate of excretion of bicarbonate in urine after administration of saline greatly exceeded the rate of excretion during gastric suction. The data in the present study thus indicate that the decreased threshold for bicarbonate in the young animal is not due to a limitation in intrinsic capacity for reabsorption of bicarbonate, inasmuch as capacity could be increased markedly under the stimulus
Early-Blind Subjects' Spatial Representation of Manipulatory Space: Exploratory Strategies and Reaction to Change

The present study was aimed at analysing the effects of a lack of visual experience in human subjects on the detection and identification of a spatial change brought about to a configuration of objects displayed in manipulatory space. Exploratory patterns and performance levels were recorded. Learning effects were observed in different types of change and condition of presentation only in the early-blind and blindfolded sighted groups, but not in the late-blind group. Early blindness affected both exploratory patterns and performance levels. In addition, significant correlations were found between performance level and the use of systematic patterns of exploration. These data are discussed in relation with the importance of early vision during the development of spatial cognition.
Image Classification of Melanoma, Nevus and Seborrheic Keratosis by Deep Neural Network Ensemble

This short paper reports the method and the evaluation results of Casio and Shinshu University joint team for the ISBI Challenge 2017 - Skin Lesion Analysis Towards Melanoma Detection - Part 3: Lesion Classification hosted by ISIC. Our online validation score was 0.958 with melanoma classifier AUC 0.924 and seborrheic keratosis classifier AUC 0.993.
Making social policy in Australia, An introduction, Tony Dalton, Mary Draper, Wendy Weeks and John Wiseman 1996, Allen and Unwin, St Leonards, NSW, 252 pages

The book ends with a substantial chapter on learning to cope and some directions for the future. The use of optimism, humour and the construction of metaphors emerge as significant contributors to learning to cope with stress. Learning can occur in informal settings and formal programs. Reference is made to two recent major reports, one from each side of the Atlantic, which point collectively to the importance of a wide ranging community response in the light of the 'gradient rise in disorder' evident in the social and economic conditions of the last fifty years, to address needs
‘I have to be very good in what I do’. Marginalisation and discrimination in the career-entry phase – experiences and coping strategies among university graduates with a migrant background in Austria

ABSTRACT In this article, we discuss labour market entries as experienced by Austrian university graduates with a migrant background. On the basis of 21 problem-centred interviews, we investigated (a) what kind of discrimination and marginalisation the respondents had experienced in the labour market post-graduation, and (b) how they had dealt with their situation. To analyse the interviews, we used a combination of thematic charting and coding methods. The empirical results indicate that migrant backgrounds often lead to both a disavowal of those graduates’ abilities and a rise of conflicts along religious, ethnical or stereotypical ascriptions. The coping strategies employed by migrant background graduates ranged from preventive strategies – such as an emphasis on performance and the avoidance of problematic situations – to responsive strategies, through active resistance or various kinds of resignation.