Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Job Clarity on Nurses’ Job Satisfaction: A Moderating Role of Fairness Perception

The main objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of job clarity on nurses’ job satisfaction in the public hospitals of Sindh province of Pakistan. The results presented a valid and reliable measurement model so that a structural model could be built upon it for testing research hypotheses. Results indicate that job clarity has an insignificant impact on job satisfaction among nurses in Pakistan. Moreover, the fairness perception does not moderate; rather, it is found to be a strong predictor of nurses’ job satisfaction. In other words, people have a lack of clarity about tasks, roles, and responsibilities, often end up affecting their outcomes. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen the element of fairness in jobs to boost job satisfaction. HR policies and general policy makers in the organization have a greater role in this regards to ensure that the work and task are divided on fair grounds and so the rewards.
On the choice of parameters in Singular Spectrum Analysis and related subspace-based methods

In the present paper we investigate methods related to both the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and subspace-based methods in signal processing. We describe common and specific features of these methods and consider different kinds of problems solved by them such as signal reconstruction, forecasting and parameter estimation. General recommendations on the choice of parameters to obtain minimal errors are provided. We demonstrate that the optimal choice depends on the particular problem. For the basic model `signal + residual' we show that the error behavior depends on the type of residuals, deterministic or stochastic, and whether the noise is white or red. The structure of errors and the convergence rate are also discussed. The analysis is based on known theoretical results and extensive computer simulations.
A syntax and semantics for set-oriented production rules in relational database systems

We propose incorporating a production rules facility into a relational database system. Such a facility allows definition of database operations that are automatically executed whenever certain conditions are met. In keeping with the set-oriented approach of relational data manipulation languages, our production rules are also set-oriented—they are triggered by sets of changes to the database and may consequently perform sets of changes. The condition and action parts of our production rules may refer to the current state of the database as well as to the sets of changes triggering the rules. We define a syntax for production rule definition as an extension to SQL. A model of system behavior is used to give an exact semantics for production rule execution, taking into account externally-generated operations, self-triggering rules, and simultaneous triggering of multiple rules. Due to space constraints, some details and discussion are omitted, and only a few examples are included. See [19] for a more extensive description.
Sarcomeric actin organization is synergistically promoted by tropomodulin, ADF/cofilin, AIP1 and profilin in C. elegans

Sarcomeric organization of thin and thick filaments in striated muscle is important for the efficient generation of contractile forces. Sarcomeric actin filaments are uniform in their lengths and regularly arranged in a striated pattern. Tropomodulin caps the pointed end of actin filaments and is a crucial regulator of sarcomere assembly. Here, we report unexpected synergistic functions of tropomodulin with enhancers of actin filament dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans striated muscle. Pointed-end capping by tropomodulin inhibited actin filament depolymerization by ADF/cofilin in vitro. However, in vivo, the depletion of tropomodulin strongly enhanced the disorganization of sarcomeric actin filaments in ADF/cofilin mutants, rather than antagonistically suppressing the phenotype. Similar phenotypic enhancements by tropomodulin depletion were also observed in mutant backgrounds for AIP1 and profilin. These in vivo effects cannot be simply explained by antagonistic effects of tropomodulin and ADF/cofilin in vitro. Thus, we propose a model in which tropomodulin and enhancers of actin dynamics synergistically regulate elongation and shortening of actin filaments at the pointed end.
H*-algebras and nonunital Frobenius algebras: first steps in infinite-dimensional categorical quantum mechanics

A certain class of Frobenius algebras has been used to characterize orthonormal bases and observables on finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. The presence of units in these algebras means that they can only be realized finite-dimensionally. We seek a suitable generalization, which will allow arbitrary bases and observables to be described within categorical axiomatizations of quantum mechanics. We develop a definition of H*-algebra that can be interpreted in any symmetric monoidal dagger category, reduces to the classical notion from functional analysis in the category of (possibly infinite-dimensional) Hilbert spaces, and hence provides a categorical way to speak about orthonormal bases and quantum observables in arbitrary dimension. Moreover, these algebras reduce to the usual notion of Frobenius algebra in compact categories. We then investigate the relations between nonunital Frobenius algebras and H*-algebras. We give a number of equivalent conditions to characterize when they coincide in the category of Hilbert spaces. We also show that they always coincide in categories of generalized relations and positive matrices.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Gene Promoter −308G/A and −238G/A Polymorphisms in Mexican Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The association between some Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) promoter polymorphisms and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial. Ethnic differences may play a role in these conflicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between −308G/A and −238G/A polymorphisms located in the promoter region of the TNF-α gene and T2DM in Mexican mestizo patients. Nine hundred four individuals (259 patients with T2DM and 645 controls) were genotyped for the −308G/A and −238G/A polymorphisms by PCR—RFLP. We found that the −238A allele increased the risk of developing T2DM in Mexican patients (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.07–2.29; p = 0.018). Moreover, we found that the frequency of the GA haplotype (created by the −308G and −238A alleles) was significantly increased in patients with T2DM when compared with controls (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05–2.31; p = 0.026). Our results suggest that the −238G/A polymorphism and a specific haplotype (GA) are genetic risk factors for the development of T2DM in Mexican population.
TRAPPING SKINNING IN POLYMERS: THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS

During the desorption of certain saturated polymer films, a thin skin of glassy polymer can form at the exposed surface. Not only does this inhibit desorption, but also trapping skinning, in which an increase in the desorption driving force decreases the accumulated flux, can occur. These behaviors cannot be described by a simple Fickian flux. A theoretical framework is presented for modeling such a system. It is shown that though increasing the driving force will increase the instantaneous flux, the time of accumulation will decrease, thus reducing the accumulated flux. In addition, the model is shown to exhibit sharp fronts moving initially with constant speed, another distinctive feature of non-Fickian polymer-penetrant systems.
Pengaruh Dukungan Sosial dan Selfefficacy Terhadap Orientasi Masa Depan Pada Remaja

Teenage years determines success in the future. Good teenagers are who are responsible to their own success in the future, known as future orientation. Given how important future orientation is, researchers examined variables which affect future orientation, thus future orientation can be optimalized. Dimensions of social support and self-efficacy chosen as independent variables. Respondents of this study were 326 students of one of high school in Jakarta. Future orientation, measured using Orientation Test–Revised developed by Scheir, Carver, and Bridges (1994). Social Support, measured using The Social Provisions Scale developed by Cutrona and Russel (1987). Self-efficacy, measured using General Self-efficacy Scale developed by Bosscher and Smit (1998). Instruments' validity were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and data was analysed using Multiple Regression Analysis. α=0.05, result of this study shows future orientation was affected by dimensions of social support, self-efficacy, and interaction between reassurance and self-efficacy with R-square = 30.3%.
The protective factors framework: A key to programming for benefits and evaluating for results.

The single most important challenge confronting the park and recreation field is to reposition itself. This requires both real repositioning (changing what is done) and psychological repositioning (changing the understanding of others about what is done). The At-Risk Youth Recrearion Consortium project funded by the National Recreation and Park Association is designed to contribute to both repositioning strategies. Using a protective factors model, project team members have designed a Protective Factors Scale. Initially, its function was to determine the outcomes of recreation programs for at-risk youth, but this role expanded to include guidance for developing program goals, the design and structure of specific program elements to achieve these goals, and the use of relevant sub-scales from the Protective Factors Scale to measure program outcomes. The article describes development of the Protective Factors Scale; the application of protective factor principles to developing programming for at-risk youth; and implications of the approach for the park and recreation field.
Measurement of the Low Frequency Noise of MOSFETs under Large Signal RF Excitation

A measurement technique [1] is presented that allows measurement of MOSFET low frequency (LF) noise under large signal RF (Radio Frequency) excitation. Measurements indicate that MOSFETS exhibit a reduction in LF noise when they are cycled from inversion to accummulation and that this reduction does not depend on the frequency of excitation for excitation frequencies of up to 3 GHz. The measurement results are significant because MOSFET LF noise is important in the design of RF CMOS circuits such as oscillators and mixers, where large signal swings occur. Additionally, the measurement results give new insights into the LF noise generating mechanisms in MOSFETs.
The cost of reasoning with RDF updates

Many real world RDF collections are large compared with other real world data structures. Such large RDF collections evolve in a distributed environment. Therefore, these changes between RDF versions need to be detected and computed in order to synchronize these changes to the other users. To cope with the evolving nature of the semantic web, it is important to understand the costs and benefits of the different change detection techniques. In this paper, we experimentally provide a detailed analysis of the overall process of RDF change detection techniques namely: explicit change detection, forward-inference change detection, backward-inference change detection and backward-inference and pruning change detection. The results show that pruning is relatively expensive by comparison with inferencing.
Effective (Spur-Free) dithering of digital delta-sigma modulators with pseudorandom dither

Digital delta-sigma modulators (DDSMs) are finite state machines; their spectra are characterized by strong periodic tones (so-called spurs) when they cycle repeatedly in time through a small number of states. This can happen for a range of constant and periodic inputs. Pseudorandom dither generators are widely used to break up periodic cycles in DDSMs in order to eliminate spurs produced by underlying periodic behavior. Unfortunately, pseudorandom dither signals are themselves periodic and therefore can produce spurs in the output spectrum. We call pseudorandom dithering effective if it breaks up periodic cycles in the modulator without producing its own spurs in the output spectrum. This paper presents rigorous mathematical analysis and a design methodology to achieve effective dithering.
Best Basis Compressive Sensing

—This paper proposes an extension of compressive sensing that allows to express the sparsity prior in a dictionary of bases. This enables the use of a ﬁxed set of non-adaptive linear measurements and an adaptive recovery process. This reconstruction optimizes the basis to the structure of the sensed signal. An iterative thresholding algorithm is used to perform both the recovery and the estimation of the best basis. Numerical experiments on sounds and geometrical images show that adaptivity is indeed crucial to capture the regularity of complex natural signals.
Simulating Cosmic Reionization at Large Scales I: the Geometry of Reionization

We present the first large-scale radiative transfer simulat ions of cosmic reionization, in a simulation volume of (100 h 1 Mpc) 3 . This is more than a 2 orders of magnitude improvement over previous simulations. We achieve this by combining the results from extremely large, cosmological, N-body simulations with a new, fast and effici ent code for 3D radiative transfer, C 2 -Ray, which we have recently developed. These simulations allow us to do the first numerical studies of the large-scale structure of reionization w hich at the same time, and crucially, properly take account of the dwarf galaxy ionizing sources which are primarily responsible for reionization. In our realization, reionization starts around z � 21, and final overlap occurs by z � 11. The resulting electron-scattering optical depth is in goo d agreement with the firstyear WMAP polarization data. We show that reionization clearly proceeded in an inside-out fashion, with the high-density regions being ionized earli er, on average, than the voids. Ionization histories of smaller-size (5 to 10 comoving Mpc) subregions exabit a large scatter about the mean and do not describe the global reionization history well. This is true even when these subregions are at the mean density of the universe, which shows that small-box simulations of reionization have little predictive power for the evolut ion of the mean ionized fraction. The minimum reliable volume size for such predictions is � 30 Mpc. We derive the power-spectra of the neutral, ionized and total gas density fields and show t hat there is a significant boost of the density fluctuations in both the neutral and the ionized c omponents relative to the total at arcminute and larger scales. We find two populations of H II re gions according to their size, numerous, mid-sized (� 10 Mpc) regions and a few, rare, very large regions tens of Mpc in size. Thus, local overlap on fairly large scales of tens of Mp c is reached by z � 13, when our volume is only about 50% ionized, and well before the global overlap. We derive the statistical distributions of the ionized fraction and ionized gas densi ty at various scales and for the first time show that both distributions are clearly non-Gaussian. All these quantities are critical for predicting and interpreting the observational signals from reionization from a variety of observations like 21-cm emission, Ly-α emitter statistics, Gunn-Peterson optical depth and small-scale CMB secondary anisotropies due to patchy reionization.
A Measure of Competitive Imbalance for the PGA TOUR

Competitive imbalance could be a key consideration in the decisionmaking process for planners of individual sports leagues like the PGA TOUR. The normalized Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the four-player and eight-player concentration ratios of annual wins provide a measure of competitive imbalance for the PGA TOUR. Fewer winners and more concentration of wins indicate more competitive imbalance. The allexempt tour enhanced balance while the implementation of the World Golf Championships lead to a higher level of imbalance. More competitive imbalance appears to lead to increased fan preference and suggests that individual and team sports leagues may need to be modeled differently. (JEL D71, D78, L83)
Serum titres of Pneumocystis carinii antibody in health care workers caring for patients with AIDS.

BACKGROUND--Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was thought to occur from reactivation of latent infection, but recent studies with the polymerase chain reaction have failed to detect P carinii in normal subjects. If pneumocystis pneumonia is therefore caused by new infection the source and mode of transmission of P carinii remains unknown. METHODS--Natural exposure to P carinii was detected by measuring antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence in 24 health care workers working continuously with patients with AIDS and 24 control health care workers exclusively treating elderly patients. RESULTS--P carinii antibody titres were significantly higher in the health care workers exposed to AIDS than in the control group (median titre 1:32 v 1:16 respectively). Three control subjects had no antibodies compared with none of the subjects exposed to AIDS, and 10 of the 12 highest titres came from the exposed group. CONCLUSIONS--Raised P carinii antibody titres in health care workers caring for patients with AIDS suggest that patients infected with HIV may be a potentially infectious source of P carinii for susceptible subjects.
Quantum gravity and spin-1/2 particle effective dynamics

Quantum gravity phenomenology opens up the possibility of probing Planck scale physics. Thus, by exploiting the generic properties that a semiclassical state of the compound system fermions plus gravity should have, an effective dynamics of spin-1/2 particles is obtained within the framework of loop quantum gravity. Namely, at length scales much larger than Planck length ${\mathcal{l}}_{P}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}33}\mathrm{cm}$ and below the wavelength of the fermion, the spin-1/2 dynamics in flat spacetime includes Planck scale corrections. In particular we obtain modified dispersion relations in vacuo for fermions. These corrections yield a time of arrival delay of the spin-1/2 particles with respect to a light signal and, in the case of neutrinos, a novel flavor oscillation. To detect these effects the corresponding particles must be highly energetic and should travel long distances. Hence neutrino bursts accompanying gamma ray bursts or ultrahigh energy cosmic rays could be considered. Remarkably, future neutrino telescopes may be capable of testing such effects. This paper provides a detailed account of the calculations and elaborates on results previously reported in a Letter. These are further amended by introducing a real parameter $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}$ aimed at encoding our lack of knowledge of scaling properties of the gravitational degrees of freedom.
Preference shocks, liquidity, and central bank policy

Abstract: We characterize the role of a central bank as a mechanism designer for risk-sharing across banks that are subject to privately observed “liquidity shocks. ” The optimal mechanism involves borrowing/lending from a “discount window. ” The optimal discount rate and the induced distortions in holdings of liquid assets suggest a rationale for subsidized lending and reserve requirements on the observable part of liquid asset holdings. Introduction Several recent papers have examined the micro-theoretic foundations for a theory of financial intermediation. The role of intermediaries as agents who provide delegated monitoring services has been developed in Leland and Pyle (1977) and Diamond (1984). More recently, Bryant (1980) and Diamond and Dybvig (1983) have considered issues pertaining to the optimal form of intermediary (deposit) contracts. They examine intertemporal models in which depositors are subject to privately observed preference shocks and the returns to investments depend on their time to maturity (liquidity). Within this framework, Bryant, Diamond-Dybvig and Jacklin (1986) have demonstrated the superiority of deposit contracts over Walrasian (mutual fund) trading mechanisms in providing agents with insurance for risks connected with preference shocks. The work on banking contracts has also served to focus attention on problems of coordination across agents who have private information on (risky) investments undertaken by the depository intermediaries or mutual funds. The pioneering study of Bryant (1980) considered the instabilities (panics) and imperfect risk-sharing that would arise if bank depositors (with fixed commitment contracts) make earlier withdrawals based on information about asset returns.
Abnormal White Matter Signal on MR Imaging Is Related to Abnormal Tissue Microstructure

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: White matter signal-intensity abnormalities (WMSA) on MR imaging are related to adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely preterm infants. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may detect alterations in cerebral white matter microstructure and thus may help confirm the pathologic basis of WMSA. This study aimed to relate regional DTI measures with severity of WMSA in very preterm infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred eleven preterm infants (birth weight, <1250 g and/or gestational age, <30 weeks) were scanned at term-equivalent age (1.5T). WMSA were classified as normal, focal, or extensive. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (λ1), and radial ([λ2 + λ3]/2) diffusivity were calculated in 12 regions of interest placed in the bilateral posterior limbs of the internal capsule, frontal (superior and inferior), sensorimotor, and occipital (superior and inferior) white matter regions. Data were compared by using 1-way analysis of variance, with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Thirty-nine infants had normal, 59 infants had focal, and 13 infants had extensive WMSA. Compared with infants with normal or focal WMSA, infants with extensive WMSA had significantly lower FA in the internal capsule (P < .001), right inferior frontal regions (P < .05), and right superior occipital regions (P = .01); and higher radial diffusivity in the right internal capsule (P = .005), bilateral sensorimotor (P < .05), and right superior occipital regions (P < .05). Compared with infants with normal WMSA, infants with extensive WMSA had significantly higher ADC in bilateral sensorimotor regions (P < .01) and right superior occipital regions (P = .01), and lower axial diffusivity in the bilateral sensorimotor regions (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: There are significant region-specific changes in ADC, FA, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity in preterm infants with extensive WMSA. Altered radial diffusivity was most prominent. This implies that disrupted premyelinating oligodendroglia is the major correlate with extensive WMSA rather than axonal pathology.