Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-time human detection with depth camera via a physical radius-depth detector and a CNN descriptor

Real-time human detection is important for a wide range of applications. In this paper, a two-staged method has been developed for real-time human detection in cluttered and dynamic environments with depth data. We start with generating a set of possible human head-tops to ensure all human locations are included. To this end, a novel physical radius-depth (PRD) detector is proposed to quickly detect human candidates. The second stage applies a convolutional neural network (CNN), aiming at extracting feature of human upper body automatically instead of hand-crafting, and then on the basis of CNN feature genuine human candidates are preserved while false ones are filtered out. Experiment results on four publicly available datasets, including a dataset under weak illumination or even total darkness, show that the proposed method can reliably detect human in RGB-D videos in real time without GPU acceleration, and yields higher accuracy than the compared state-of-the-art approaches.
Recriminalizing Delinquency: Violent Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice Reform

Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Recriminalizing violent juvenile crime 2. Taking stock of juvenile justice reforms 3. Recriminalization on the move and its legal rules 4. Contextual and legal reasons for identifying juveniles as criminal offenders 5. The case processing of juvenile offenders: from arrest to disposition 6. Recriminalization and organizing for deterrence 7. Convicted juvenile offenders in a maximum security institution 8. Concluding 'real' reasons for recriminalizing delinquency Appendices Notes.
An evaluation of baseline risk factors predicting severity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis and other chronic anterior uveitis in early childhood

Background/aims: The clinical course for childhood chronic anterior uveitis can vary from mild, self limiting disease to bilateral blindness. The purpose of this study was to identify those risk factors at onset that predict disease severity. Methods: A retrospective case note review of all patients with painless anterior uveitis diagnosed from 1982 to 1998. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on route of referral, diagnosis, and compliance with treatment. The standard cohort consisted of only those diagnosed from routine screening of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Results: Complications—cataract surgery, ocular hypertension treatment, and visual acuity <6/24. Remission: inactive uveitis on no topical treatment for >6 months. Results—163 patients were included. 34 patients (21%) developed at least one complication. The most significant predictor of complications was severe disease at onset (p = 0.001). Other factors included uveitis at the first examination (p = 0.034), membership of the non-standard cohort (p = 0.0001), non-oligoarticular disease (p = 0.02), and late onset arthritis (p = 0.024). Male sex was associated with increased complications in the standard cohort (p = 0.001). Factors predisposing to remission included membership of the standard cohort (p = 0.003), onset after 1990 (p = 0.016), white race (p = 0.015), mild disease onset (p = 0.003), and a long gap between arthritis and uveitis onset (p = 0.015). Conclusions: It is possible to characterise the severity of those with childhood chronic anterior uveitis at the onset of disease. The majority of patients remit without visually disabling complications. It may be possible to reduce the complication rate by targeting aggressive immunosuppression on high risk patients before complications develop.
Distributed allocation of time slots for real-time traffic in a wireless multi-hop network 1

This paper examines a new mechanism for distributed resource reservation that offers support for ap- plications with QoS requirements in a wireless multi-hop network. This mechanism is based on IEEE 802.11 DCF and includes end-to-end reservations of time slots and dis- tribution of reservation information to mobile nodes un- aware of the reservation, piggy-backed on existing medium access control messages. We investigate average packet delay, packet delay dis- tribution, packet loss rates and throughput of our scheme compared to IEEE 802.11 DCF using simulations. Our scheme results in a better support for real-time transmis- sions than DCF.
Identification and comparative expression analysis of a second wt1 gene in zebrafish

The Wilms' tumor suppressor gene wt1 encodes a zinc‐finger transcription factor that plays an important role in the development of the mammalian genitourinary system. Mutations in WT1 in humans lead to anomalies of kidney and gonad development and cause Wilms' tumor, a pediatric kidney cancer. The inactivation of both wt1 alleles in mice gives rise to multiple organ defects, among them agenesis of kidney, spleen, and gonads. In zebrafish, an ortholog of wt1 has been described that is expressed in the pronephric field and is later restricted to the podocytes. Here, we report the existence of a second wt1 gene in zebrafish, which we have named wt1b (we named the initial gene wt1a). The overall sequence identity of the two Wt1 proteins is 70% and 92% between the zinc‐finger regions, respectively. In contrast to wt1a, wt1b is expressed from the earliest stages of development onward, albeit at low levels. Both wt1a and wt1b are expressed in the intermediate mesoderm, with wt1b being restricted to a smaller area lying at the caudal end of the wt1a expression domain. In adult fish, high expression levels for both genes can be found in gonads, kidney, heart, spleen, and muscle. Developmental Dynamics 235:554–561, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Association of Knowledge and Behaviours Related to Salt with 24-h Urinary Salt Excretion in a Population from North and South India

Consumer knowledge is understood to play a role in managing risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and may be influenced by level of education. The association between population knowledge, behaviours and actual salt consumption was explored overall, and for more-educated compared to less-educated individuals. A cross-sectional survey was done in an age-and sex-stratified random sample of 1395 participants from urban and rural areas of North and South India. A single 24-h urine sample, participants’ physical measurements and questionnaire data were collected. The mean age of participants was 40 years, 47% were women and mean 24-h urinary salt excretion was 9.27 (8.87–9.69) g/day. Many participants reported favourable knowledge and behaviours to minimise risks related to salt. Several of these behaviours were associated with reduced salt intake—less use of salt while cooking, avoidance of snacks, namkeens, and avoidance of pickles (all p < 0.003). Mean salt intake was comparable in more-educated (9.21, 8.55–9.87 g/day) versus less-educated (9.34, 8.57–10.12 g/day) individuals (p = 0.82). There was no substantively different pattern of knowledge and behaviours between more-versus less-educated groups and no clear evidence that level of education influenced salt intake. Several consumer behaviours related to use of salt during food preparation and consumption of salty products were related to actual salt consumption and therefore appear to offer an opportunity for intervention. These would be a reasonable focus for a government-led education campaign targeting salt.
Disposition assessment in teacher education: A framework and instrument for assessing technology disposition

Abstract This study proposes and verifies the concept of a technology disposition in teacher education, which is comprised of predisposition and competence. It examines the reliability and validity of a measure of the technology disposition of teacher education students, the Technology Disposition Scale for Teacher Education Students (TDS‐T). The TDS‐T is comprised of two subscales: technology predisposition and technology competence. In this study, the TDS‐T was completed by 656 teacher education students. Results showed the proposed disposition model of predisposition and competence had significant relationships with gender and class year. Male students had significantly higher overall technology disposition scores than did female students, but these differences were due to the male students' strong self‐concept, especially self‐confidence. Students technology competence level was significantly higher for seniors than for sophomores, and the overall technology disposition scores significantly increased from students' junior to senior years. The TDS‐T demonstrated content validity through factor analysis and convergent and discriminate validity through item analysis. The value for Cronbach's alpha was . 93, indicating highly satisfactory reliability.
Reframing Majoritarian National Identities Within an Antipodean Perspective

Arguing for the merits of an antipodean perspective that embraces the linked historical and current relations between Tasman, British and other worlds, this paper focuses on the majoritarian responses of those of English ancestry in Britain and within the British diaspora to wide ranging changes that potentially challenge their national supremacy in both contexts. After briefly assessing some of the approaches to exploring the identities of the 'English/ British' separately in Australia and New Zealand, some suggestions are made about how majoritarian narratives are best reframed, conceptually and methodologically, both within the antipodes and the broader contexts within which they have always been placed. The adoption of an antipodean perspective is deemed necessary in order to understand how changes in majority status and shifts in national identity are mutually constituted within and across the above worlds.
Selling Off Privacy at Auction

Real-Time Bidding (RTB) and Cookie Matching (CM) are transforming the advertising landscape to an extremely dynamic market and make targeted advertising considerably permissive. The emergence of these technologies allows companies to exchange user data as a product and therefore raises important concerns from privacy perspectives. In this paper, we perform a privacy analysis of CM and RTB and quantify the leakage of users' browsing histories due to these mechanisms. We study this problem on a corpus of users' Web histories, and show that using these technologies, certain companies can significantly improve their tracking and profiling capabilities. We detect $41$ companies serving ads via RTB and over $125$ using Cookie Matching. We show that $91\%$ of users in our dataset were affected by CM and in certain cases, $27\%$ of users' Web browsing histories could be leaked to 3rd-party companies through RTB. We expose a design characteristic of RTB systems to observe the prices which advertisers pay for serving ads to Web users. We leverage this feature and provide important insights into these prices by analyzing different user profiles and visiting contexts. Our study shows the variation of prices according to context information including visiting site, time and user's physical location. We experimentally confirm that users with known Web browsing history are evaluated higher than new comers, that some user profiles are more valuable than others, and that users' intents, such as looking for a commercial product, are sold at higher prices than users' Web browsing histories. In addition, we show that there is a huge gap between users' perception of the value of their personal information and its actual value on the market. A recent study by Carrascal et al. showed that, on average, users evaluate the price of the disclosure of their presence on a Web site to EUR 7. We show that user's Web browsing history elements are routinely being sold off for less than $\$0.0005$.
Assessment of skin pigmentation by confocal microscopy: Influence of solar exposure and protection habits on cutaneous hyperchromias

Cutaneous hyperchromias are disorders of skin pigmentation involving an increase of melanin production and its irregular accumulation in skin cells. It is known that the use of sunscreens helps to prevent changes in the skin pigmentation pattern, but the structural and morphological alterations that occur in the different types of hyperpigmentations need better elucidation.
Effects of a beta-blocker or a converting enzyme inhibitor on resistance arteries in essential hypertension.

Seventeen male untreated mild essential hypertensive patients aged 41 +/- 2 years agreed to participate in a double-blind randomized trial to test the effects of antihypertensive treatment on the structure and function of subcutaneous resistance arteries. Patients were treated with either 50 to 100 mg/d atenolol or 2.5 to 5 mg/d cilazapril. Blood pressure before treatment was 148 +/- 6/99 +/- 1 and 147 +/- 2/99 +/- 1 mm Hg, respectively. At 1 year of treatment blood pressure was 131 +/- 4/85 +/- 2 and 132 +/- 2/87 +/- 1 mm Hg, respectively. Resistance arteries (200 to 400 microns lumen diameter) dissected from subcutaneous gluteal biopsies obtained before treatment and at 1 year showed that the media-lumen ratio of arteries from patients treated with cilazapril was reduced to 6.31 +/- 0.21% from 7.54 +/- 0.31% before treatment (P < .05), still slightly but significantly larger (P < .05) than the media-lumen ratio of resistance arteries of normotensive control subjects (5.15 +/- 0.30%). In contrast, in arteries from patients treated with atenolol there was no significant change with treatment (7.97 +/- 0.60% before and 8.07 +/- 0.45% after 1 year of treatment). Active wall tension responses to endothelin-1 were blunted in hypertensive patients and normalized in the cilazapril-treated patients. Depressed active media stress responses to norepinephrine, arginine vasopressin, and endothelin-1 were accordingly normalized in the patients receiving cilazapril as the media width became thinner but were unchanged in those taking atenolol. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Muscle Expression of SOD1G93A Modulates microRNA and mRNA Transcription Pattern Associated with the Myelination Process in the Spinal Cord of Transgenic Mice

A crucial system severely affected in several neuromuscular diseases is the loss of effective connection between muscle and nerve, leading to a pathological non-communication between the two tissues. One of the best examples of impaired interplay between muscle and nerve is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by degeneration of motor neurons and muscle atrophy. Increasing evidences suggest that damage to motor neurons is enhanced by alterations in the neighboring non-neuronal cells and indicate that altered skeletal muscle might be the source of signals that impinge motor neuron activity and survival. Here we investigated whether muscle selective expression of SOD1G93A mutant gene modulates mRNAs and miRNAs expression at the level of spinal cord of MLC/SOD1G93A mice. Using a Taqman array, the Affymetrix Mouse Gene 2.0 ST approach and the MiRwalk 2.0 database, which provides information on miRNA and their predicted target genes, we revealed that muscle specific expression of SOD1G93A modulates relevant molecules of the genetic and epigenetic circuitry of myelin homeostasis in spinal cord of transgenic mice. Our study provides insights into the pathophysiological interplay between muscle and nerve and supports the hypothesis that muscle is a source of signals that can either positively or negatively affect the nervous system.
Automatic post-synchronization of speech utterances

The paper considers a prototype for automatic postsynchronization that consists of two basic components. As a first step, dynamic time warping is applied to compute the time-correspondence between an original utterance and an utterance that serves as the timing reference signal. In a second step, a time-scaling algorithm modifies the time structure of the original utterance accordingly. Informal diagnostic evaluation has shown that good results are obtained if the similarity between the acoustic-phonetic contents of the utterances is high. Possible ways for improving robustness against acoustic-phonetic differences, such as those that result from different coarticulation, are suggested.
TURBULENT MIXING

■ Abstract The ability of turbulent flows to effectively mix entrained fluids to a molecular scale is a vital part of the dynamics of such flows, with wide-ranging consequences in nature and engineering. It is a considerable experimental, theoretical, modeling, and computational challenge to capture and represent turbulent mixing which, for high Reynolds number (Re) flows, occurs across a spectrum of scales of considerable span. This consideration alone places high-Re mixing phenomena beyond the reach of direct simulation, especially in high Schmidt number fluids, such as water, in which species diffusion scales are one and a half orders of magnitude smaller than the smallest flow scales. The discussion below attempts to provide an overview of turbulent mixing; the attendant experimental, theoretical, and computational challenges; and suggests possible future directions for progress in this important field.
The Effect of Celebrity Endorsers' Perceived Credibility on Product Purchase Intention

Abstract This research examines the effect of three celebrity credibility dimensions (attractiveness, trustworthiness, and expertise) on purchase intention with 880 Singaporean undergraduates, using four Asian celebrities as stimuli. In contrast to the results in Ohanian (1991), which indicate that the dimensions attractiveness and trustworthiness do not affect product purchase intention, the results in this study show that all of the three credibility dimensions positively relate to purchase intention. Explanations for the different findings and managerial implications are discussed.
Differential Selection of Multidrug Efflux Mutants by Trovafloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in an Experimental Model ofPseudomonas aeruginosa Acute Pneumonia in Rats

ABSTRACT The ability of trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin to select efflux mutants in vivo was studied in a model of acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in rats. Twelve hours after intratracheal inoculation of 106 CFU of P. aeruginosastrain PAO1 enmeshed in agar beads, two groups of 12 rats were treated by three intraperitoneal injections of each antibiotic given every 5 h. Dosing regimens were chosen to obtain a comparable area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity/MIC ratio of 27.9 min for trovafloxacin (75 mg/kg of body weight) and of 32.6 min for ciprofloxacin (12.5 mg/kg). Twelve rats were left untreated and served as controls. Rats were sacrificed 12 h after the last injection (34 h after infection) for lung bacteriological studies. Selection of resistant bacteria was determined by plating lung homogenates on Trypticase soy agar plates containing antibiotic. In untreated animals, the frequency of resistant colonies was 10-fold higher than in agar beads. Compared to controls, both treatment regimens resulted in a 2-log reduction of lung bacterial load. The frequency of resistant colonies was 10-fold less with trovafloxacin than with ciprofloxacin at twice the MIC (7.4 × 10−5 versus 8.4 × 10−4, respectively) (P < 0.05) and at four times the MIC (6.2 × 10−4 versus 5.0 × 10−5, respectively) (P < 0.05). A multidrug resistance phenotype typical of efflux mutants was observed in all 41 randomly tested colonies obtained from treated and untreated rats. In agreement with in vitro results, trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin preferentially selected MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN overproducers, respectively. These results demonstrate the differential ability of trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin to select efflux mutants in vivo and highlight the rapid emergence of those mutants, even without treatment.
Journalists' Perceptions of How Newspaper and Broadcast News Competition Affects Newspaper Content

In 1993, 423 journalists who had worked in both competitive- and single-daily cities were asked their perceptions of how newspaper competition affects content. A majority of journalists said competing dailies provide higher quality local news, a greater diversity of news, and a greater diversity of editorial opinions than noncompetitive dailies. A majority also said that competing dailies are less likely to become complacent but more likely to sensationalize news. In the same survey, one-third of 1,667 journalists in single-daily cities said broadcast news offers an acceptable local news alternative to the daily newspaper.
Frequency of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage and its associated factors in premature newborns.

OBJECTIVE To identify the frequency of intracranial hemorrhage and its associated factors in premature newborns. METHODS A cross-sectional study based on a survey of medical records of premature neonates submitted to transfontanellar ultrasound at a hospital located in a southern neighborhood of the city of São Paulo, in 2007. RESULTS A 50% rate of intracranial hemorrhage was found among premature newborns submitted to transfontanellar ultrasound, and 15.35% among all premature babies born in this hospital in 2007. The statistically significant factors associated to intracranial hemorrhage were gestational age less than 32 weeks, absence of prenatal care, invasive mechanical ventilation, infection, blood transfusion, hyaline membrane disease, hyponatremia and hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage was 50% in patients at risk and 15.35% among all premature babies; the associated factors were gestational age less than 32 weeks, absence of prenatal care, need of invasive mechanical ventilation, infection, blood transfusion, hyaline membrane disease, hyponatremia and hyperglycemia.
The predictability of dentoskeletal factors for soft-tissue chin strain during lip closure

Objective To investigate the dentoskeletal factors which may predict soft-tissue chin strain during lip closure. Methods The pretreatment frontal and lateral facial photographs and lateral cephalograms of 209 women (aged 18-30 years) with Angle's Class I or II malocclusion were examined. The subjects were categorized by three examiners into the no-strain and strain groups according to the soft-tissue chin tension or deformation during lip closure. Relationships of the cephalometric measurements with the group classification were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, and a classification and regression tree (CART) model was used to define the predictive variables for the group classification. Results The lower the value of the overbite depth indicator (ODI) and the higher the values of upper incisor to Nasion-Pogonion (U1-NPog, mm), overjet, and upper incisor to upper lip (U1-upper lip, mm), the more likely was the subject to be classified into the strain group. The CART showed that U1-NPog was the most prominent predictor of soft-tissue chin strain (cut-off value of 14.2 mm), followed by overjet. Conclusions To minimize strain of the soft-tissue chin, orthodontic treatment should be oriented toward increasing the ODI value while decreasing the U1-NPog, overjet, and U1 upper lip values.
Elastic Actuation : Potential and Pitfalls ∗

In this paper we explore the space of design freedoms associated with series elastic actuators. We specifically focus on the problem of damping, and evaluate through simulation how inclusion of series damping can improve the reliability and controllability of tasks involving force control and impact. We explicitly build upon the pioneering work by Pratt and colleagues at the MIT Leg Lab in the mid to late 1990s, and seek to define metrics for evaluating performance of series elastic actuation systems. The conclusion demonstrates the utility of including well tuned damping in such systems.