Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Revised Occupational Therapy Definition of Client-Centred Practice

This paper reports on the second phase of a research project to determine a British occupational therapy definition of client-centred practice. Sixty-seven occupational therapists participated in nine focus groups, structured according to the nominal group technique. These groups involved therapists working in social services, mental health, learning disabilities, paediatrics, neurology, a wheelchair service and with elderly clients and there were two groups in general medicine. A hundred and sixty-five components of client-centred practice were generated and subsequently analysed to form seven themes. Frequencies and medians of the components ranked in the top five were also calculated. In addition, three questions were asked to solicit opinions on the definition that was created in the first phase of this study and frequencies were also determined from these responses. All these data were used to inform revisions to the definition created in phase one. This revised definition was then reviewed by members of the Council of the College of Occupational Therapists as the final validating group. The resulting final definition will enable therapists to determine whether or not they are using a client-centred approach.
A self-determination theory perspective on mentoring relationships at work

The studies reported in this dissertation aimed to inform researchers studying informal workplace mentoring relationships. A mentoring relationship involves a more experienced employee (the mentor) and a less experienced employee (the protege) for the purpose of advancing the protege’s career. This dissertation started with an extensive literature review, which serves as a future research agenda to inspire scholars working in the field of mentoring. Several underdeveloped research areas were identified in this review. The empirical qualitative studies in this dissertation contributed to these research areas. In these studies, proteges, mentors, coupled pairs of mentors and proteges, and persons from their direct work environment were included. Important in addressing the identified shortcomings in the current literature, is the self-determination theory. This theory proposes that individuals have three basic needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. How these basic needs are fulfilled in the context of mentoring relationships, was an important question in this dissertation. Self-determination theory was found to serve as relevant framework for understanding mentoring processes and to get more insight into the role of need-fulfillment processes in these relationships. This dissertation shows how mentors play an important role in satisfying proteges’ needs and how proteges evaluate these need-supportive functions. This dissertation also shows the motives informal mentors may have for providing developmental support to their proteges. Last, this dissertation showed how outsiders of informal mentoring relationships perceive these relationships in their direct work context. The studies presented in this dissertation show us the importance of informal relationships and processes in organizations and how they may satisfy employees’ needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
Loss of HuR Is Linked to Reduced Expression of Proliferative Genes during Replicative Senescence

ABSTRACT Cellular aging is accompanied by alterations in gene expression patterns. Here, using two models of replicative senescence, we describe the influence of the RNA-binding protein HuR in regulating the expression of several genes whose expression decreases during senescence. We demonstrate that HuR levels, HuR binding to target mRNAs encoding proliferative genes, and the half-lives of such mRNAs are lower in senescent cells. Importantly, overexpression of HuR in senescent cells restored a “younger” phenotype, while a reduction in HuR expression accentuated the senescent phenotype. Our studies highlight a critical role for HuR during the process of replicative senescence.
Occurrence of hyperhomocysteinemia 1 year after gastroplasty for severe obesity.

Severe obesity exposes one to an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Gastroplasty has been shown to induce substantial weight loss and to improve the atherogenic profile of severely obese subjects. However, vitamin deficiencies after gastroplasty have been reported. Because hyperhomocysteinemia, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is influenced by nutritional status (and especially by folate intake), we hypothesized that a marginal folate deficiency induced by gastroplasty could promote hyperhomocysteinemia. Thus, plasma homocysteine concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 53 severely obese patients (body mass index = 42 +/- 1), before and 1 yr after vertical gastroplasty. Plasma homocysteine concentrations increased, on an average, from 9.9 +/- 0.4 to 12.8 +/- 0.6 micromol/L (P < 0.0001). This increase in homocysteine levels was observed in two thirds of the subjects, leading to clear-cut hyperhomocysteinemia (>15 micromol/L) in 32%. The changes in homocysteine concentrations were correlated to weight loss (P < 0.001) and to decrease in plasma folate concentrations (P < 0.01). Whereas gastroplasty induced a mean 32-kg weight loss and a striking improvement in conventional risk factors, the occurrence of iatrogenic hyperhomocysteinemia might hamper the benefit of surgery on cardiovascular risk in most of the patients. Our results further support use of a systematic efficient folate supplementation after gastroplasty.
Autophagic Nutrient Recycling in Arabidopsis Directed by the ATG8 and ATG12 Conjugation Pathways1

Autophagy is an important mechanism for nonselective intracellular breakdown whereby cytosol and organelles are encapsulated in vesicles, which are then engulfed and digested by lytic vacuoles/lysosomes. In yeast, this encapsulation employs a set of autophagy (ATG) proteins that direct the conjugation of two ubiquitin-like protein tags, ATG8 and ATG12, to phosphatidylethanolamine and the ATG5 protein, respectively. Using an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) atg7 mutant unable to ligate either tag, we previously showed that the ATG8/12 conjugation system is important for survival under nitrogen-limiting growth conditions. By reverse-genetic analyses of the single Arabidopsis gene encoding ATG5, we show here that the subpathway that forms the ATG12-ATG5 conjugate also has an essential role in plant nutrient recycling. Similar to plants missing ATG7, those missing ATG5 display early senescence and are hypersensitive to either nitrogen or carbon starvation, which is accompanied by a more rapid loss of organellar and cytoplasmic proteins. Multiple ATG8 isoforms could be detected immunologically in seedling extracts. Their abundance was substantially elevated in both the atg5 and atg7 mutants, caused in part by an increase in abundance of several ATG8 mRNAs. Using a green fluorescent protein-ATG8a fusion in combination with concanamycin A, we also detected the accumulation of autophagic bodies inside the vacuole. This accumulation was substantially enhanced by starvation but blocked in the atg7 background. The use of this fusion in conjunction with atg mutants now provides an important marker to track autophagic vesicles in planta.
Predicting Men's Sexual Coercion and Aggression from Attitudes, Dating History, and Sexual Response

The relationships of rape-supportive attitudes and beliefs, sexual response, and dating history to four types of sexual experiences in university men (consenting intercourse, use of physical force, use of verbal coercion, and perceived uncontrollable arousal) were examined. In the prediction of sexual experiences from the attitudinal and sexual response variables, canonical correlation analysis found two significant dimensions. On the first dimension, all four types of sexual experiences were associated with traditional and rape-supportive attitudes. On the second dimension, use of physical force was associated with (high) acceptance of interpersonal violence, (high) arousability, and erotophobia. In the analysis of dating history variables, a more active dating history was associated with consenting intercourse, use of verbal coercion, and not having used physical force. The attitudinal variable set and dating history variable set each uniquely predicted sexual experiences. These results suggest that the.
Strategic Persuasive Writing Instruction for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities

Expressive writing is important for school and life success, but remains challenging for many students with emotional and behavioral disabilities. Emerging evidence reveals promise for teaching students with learning and behavioral issues to improve written expression with self-regulated strategy development instruction. In that research, students are taught to criterion performance (e.g., demonstrating mastery performance for each lesson) for instructional periods sometimes as long as 50 days (see Mastropieri et al., 2009). What is unknown, however, is given the more limited time constraints within a school setting, whether students with emotional disabilities, many with comorbidity, can successfully improve within a school's allocated time for teaching persuasive essays. The current study used a waitlist comparison condition and randomly assigned 32 eighth graders to either an immediate intervention or a waitlist delayed intervention condition during which an organizational and planning strategy for writing persuasive essays was taught. Findings revealed students were able to successfully learn and apply the strategy within a reduced time period as evidenced by statistically significant higher quality essays that contained more essay elements, words, sentences, and transition words. Student interviews revealed positive attitudes toward instruction and strategy use. Two months following posttesting, surprise maintenance measures were administered that yielded equivocal results suggesting periodic review sessions may be appropriate. Implications for the classroom practice are discussed.
The Legal Reasoning of the European Court of Justice: A Contribution to Legal Theory and European Community Law . By Joxerramon Bengoetxea [Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1993. xvi, 275, (References) 12 and (General Index) 6pp. Hardback £35.00 net. ISBN 019–825717–1.]

the regional and social aspects of procurement, but in a book of this size one must inevitably be selective, and the main issues on this aspect of procurement are adequately outlined. In view of the title of the book and the position of its author the book will no doubt be read primarily by those with a legal background, and the material on the economics of procurement is made admirably accessible to such an audience. By way of a minor criticism, however, one may wonder whether those without a legal background, such as civil servants (for whom the preface says the book is also designed), will find all of the more legalistic material so accessible. Although many of the legal rules are quite adequately explained so as to be readily comprehensible by all, there is a tendency occasionally to cite legislative provisions without explaining their significance (see, for example, the reference to article 33(7) EEC on p. 24), and this reviewer, although a lawyer herself, also found discussion of some of the more complex explanations (notably those concerning the scope of the Treaty provisions) rather impenetrable. As has been mentioned, the area covered by the book has been the subject of recent rapid change, with the consequence that it is already somewhat out of date. Given the nature of the book as an introduction to basic principles and policy this fact detracts very little from its utility. One might hope, however, that a second edition of this very useful volume would be brought out fairly quickly to take account of the recent consolidations and of the extension of the regime to cover services in the utilities sector, as well as the conclusion of the Agreement on the European Economic Area.
Partially redundant fence elimination for x86, ARM, and power processors

We show how partial redundancy elimination (PRE) can be instantiated to perform provably correct fence elimination for multi-threaded programs running on top of the x86, ARM and IBM Power relaxed memory models. We have implemented our algorithm in the backends of the LLVM compiler infrastructure. The optimisation does not induce an observable overhead at compile-time and can result in up-to 10% speedup on some benchmarks.
Links between different measures of mother/father involvement and child social adjustment

The relative integration of fathers into the parental unit clearly poses numerous conceptual and methodological challenges despite the considerable progress that has been made in this area. Important social changes that have occurred over a relatively short period of time have resulted in a redefinition of parental roles which supports the pertinence of examining not just behavioural measures but also cognitive variables such as parents' respective perceptions of their roles. In this study, we have compared diverse quantitative measures of maternal and paternal involvement in relation to child psychosocial adjustment as assessed by parents and childcare teachers. This study was conducted with 45 dual-parent families having a preschool-aged child (20 girls, 25 boys). Both mothers and fathers completed five questionnaires. Childcare teachers (n = 33) participated in the study by assessing child social adjustment. The results indicate that, with regard to both mothers and fathers, cognitive measures are essentially proven to be the best predictive factors for child social adjustment. The results indicate that mothers who consider their professional employment as being important perceive their children as manifesting more externalising problems. The results are the opposite for mothers who value being present in the home. Child prosociality is linked to maternal prioritisation of emotional support for the child. Children of fathers who consider taking an active role in discipline to be important are assessed by childcare teachers as more socially competent. Also, children whose father values play interactions display fewer internalising behaviour problems according to assessments completed by teachers. The results will be discussed in terms of the respective contributions of these different ways of defining parental involvement. The discussion will adopt the perspective that the roles perceived by mothers and fathers are complementary.
Dietary factors and the risk of psoriasis. Results of an Italian case–control study

Summary We have conducted a case‐control study to explore the relation between the consumption of selected foods and psoriasis. The out‐patient services of nine teaching hospitals and five general hospitals in northern and southern Italy took part. Cases were newly diagnosed psoriatics with a history of skin problems of no more than 2 years. As controls. we selected subjects with newly diagnosed skin conditions, other than psoriasis, who were seen in the same out‐patient clinics. Inclusion of cases and controls was limited to the age group 16–65 years. A total of 316 psoriatics and 366 controls were recruited. Anthropomentric measures, including height and weight, were obtained. Diet was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Psoriasis appeared to be positively associated with body mass index (X21 trend 4.3, P < 0.05). Significant inverse relations with psoriasis were also observed for the intake of carrots (X21 trend 4.8, P < 0.05), tomatoes (X21 trend 26.3, P < 0.01), fresh fruit (X21 trend 11.7, P < 0.01) and index of beta‐carotene intake (X21 trend 9.1, P < 0.01). Although largely explorative, these results provide some evidence for a potential role of diet in psoriasis.
Stressful life events and genetic liability to major depression: genetic control of exposure to the environment?

Background. Although overwhelming evidence suggests that genetic and environmental risk factors both contribute to the aetiology of major depression (MD), we know little of how these two risk factor domains inter-relate. In particular, can the genetic liability to MD increase the risk of experiencing stressful life events (SLEs)? Methods. Using discrete time survival analysis in a population-based sample of 2164 female twins, we examined whether the risks for nine personal and three aggregate network SLEs were predicted by the level of genetic liability to MD, indexed by the lifetime history of MD in monozygotic and dizygotic co-twins. Results. Genetic liability to MD was associated with a significantly increased risk for six personal SLEs (assault, serious marital problems, divorce/breakup, job loss, serious illness and major financial problems) and one network SLE (trouble getting along with relatives/friends). This effect was not due to SLEs occurring during depressive episodes. Similar results were found using structural equation twin modelling. In contrast to the pattern observed with MD, the genetic liability to alcoholism impacted on the risk for being robbed and having trouble with the law. Conclusion. In women, genetic risk factors for MD increase the probability of experiencing SLEs in the interpersonal and occupational/financial domains. Genes can probably impact on the risk for psychiatric illness by causing individuals to select themselves into high risk environments.
There's always one!: modelling outlying user performance

Informal analysis of many usability tests suggests that there is regularly one participant that is substantially slower than all the others. Moreover, such outliers are more extreme and more frequent than would be predicted by a normal distribution. We propose using a rational model to explain the outliers and the work described here begins to parameterise the model based on empirical data to provide accurate analyses of user performance. This prediction appears to be correct and the model begins to reflect the outlying performance. Moreover, by using an executable model, we believe that it could be used in future as an analytical tool to help designers improve usability for those users who are struggling the most.
Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Alterations of Specific Metabolic Pathways in Schizophrenia

Dysfunction of the dorsal prefrontal cortex (PFC) in schizophrenia may be associated with alterations in the regulation of brain metabolism. To determine whether abnormal expression of genes encoding proteins involved in cellular metabolism contributes to this dysfunction, we used cDNA microarrays to perform gene expression profiling of all major metabolic pathways in postmortem samples of PFC area 9 from 10 subjects with schizophrenia and 10 matched control subjects. Genes comprising 71 metabolic pathways were assessed in each pair, and only five pathways showed consistent changes (decreases) in subjects with schizophrenia. Reductions in expression were identified for genes involved in the regulation of ornithine and polyamine metabolism, the mitochondrial malate shuttle system, the transcarboxylic acid cycle, aspartate and alanine metabolism, and ubiquitin metabolism. Interestingly, although most of the metabolic genes that were consistently decreased across subjects with schizophrenia were not similarly decreased in haloperidol-treated monkeys, the transcript encoding the cytosolic form of malate dehydrogenase displayed prominent drug-associated increases in expression compared with untreated animals. These molecular analyses implicate a highly specific pattern of metabolic alterations in the PFC of subjects with schizophrenia and raise the possibility that antipsychotic medications may exert a therapeutic effect, in part, by normalizing some of these changes.
Encouraging Healthful Dietary Behavior in a Hospital Cafeteria: A Field Study Using Theories from Social Psychology and Behavioral Economics

Public policy efforts to curb obesity often adhere to a rational actor model of human behavior, asserting that consumer behavior will change provided proper economic incentives, nutritional information, and health education. However, rigorous academic research related to such questions remains limited in scope and appears inconclusive as to the success of such economic and cognitive interventions. In contrast, research in social psychology and behavioral economics suggests that decision making is partially based on heuristics, or rules of thumb, and susceptible to powerful cognitive biases. External cues can subtly influence decision making in powerful ways. In this paper, after discussing existing policy efforts and their limitations, we use concepts from behavioral decision theory to design interventions related to different psychological domains in hopes of providing a more complete understanding of consumer dietary decision making. We move beyond traditional cognitive methods, namely the provision of nutritional information and economic incentives, to suggest the value of other cognitive, affective, social, and environmental influences in shaping food choices. Over a 21-month period, we tested 9 interventions in a point-of-purchase field study at a hospital cafeteria, focusing on the healthfulness of beverage purchases and chip purchases. Information, in the form of novel, reinforcing health messages, had the most consistently beneficial effect on the healthfulness of purchases. Traffic light colored-nutritional labeling,
Interstrain differences in liver injury and one‐carbon metabolism in alcohol‐fed mice

Alcoholic liver injury is a major public health issue worldwide. Even though the major mechanisms of this disease have been established over the past decades, little is known about genetic susceptibility factors that may predispose individuals who abuse alcoholic beverages to liver damage and subsequent pathological conditions. We hypothesized that a panel of genetically diverse mouse strains may be used to examine the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and one‐carbon metabolism in the mechanism of interindividual variability in alcoholic liver injury. We administered alcohol (up to 27 mg/kg/d) in a high‐fat diet using an intragastric intubation model for 28 days to male mice from 14 inbred strains (129S1/SvImJ, AKR/J, BALB/cJ, BALB/cByJ, BTBR T+tf/J, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/10J, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, KK/HIJ, MOLF/EiJ, NZW/LacJ, PWD/PhJ, and WSB/EiJ). Profound interstrain differences (more than 3‐fold) in alcohol‐induced steatohepatitis were observed among the strains in spite of consistently high levels of urine alcohol that were monitored throughout the study. We found that ER stress genes were induced only in strains with the most liver injury. Liver glutathione and methyl donor levels were affected in all strains, albeit to a different degree. The most pronounced effects that were closely associated with the degree of liver injury were hyperhomocysteinemia and strain‐dependent differences in expression patterns of one‐carbon metabolism‐related genes. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that strain differences in alcohol‐induced liver injury and steatosis are striking and independent of alcohol exposure and the most severely affected strains exhibit major differences in the expression of ER stress markers and genes of one‐carbon metabolism. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:130–139)