Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
American Journal of Epidemiology Original Contribution Effects of Externally Rated Job Demand and Control on Depression Diagnosis Claims in an Industrial Cohort

which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This study examined whether externally rated job demand and control were associated with depression diagnosis claims in a heavy industrial cohort. The retrospective cohort sample consisted of 7,566 hourly workers aged 18–64 years who were actively employed at 11 US plants between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2003, and free of depression diagnosis claims during an initial 2-year run-in period. Logistic regression analysis was used to model the effect of tertiles of demand and control exposure on depression diagnosis claims. Demand had a significant positive association with depression diagnosis claims in bivariate models and models adjusted for demographic (age, gender, race, education, job grade, tenure) and lifestyle (smoking status, body mass index, cholesterol level) variables (high demand odds ratio ¼ 1.39, 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.86). Control was associated with greater risk of depression diagnosis at moderate levels in unadjusted models only (odds ratio ¼ 1.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.93), while low control, contrary to expectation, was not associated with depression. The effects of the externally rated demand exposure were lost with adjustment for location. This may reflect differences in measurement or classification of exposure, differences in depression diagnosis by location, or other location-specific factors. Global economic changes in the workplace, requiring employees to work harder and produce more, create a context in which psychosocial factors such as psychological demand and control potentially play an important role in the etiology of disease. Psychosocial factors at work are associated with a variety of diseases including depression (1–3). Depression is a leading source of disease burden internationally and of disability-adjusted life-years in high-income countries (4). Given this, a better understanding of the role of psychosocial factors in the development of depression could impact worker's disease burden. Karasek's job strain model measures exposure to psychological work demands and decision latitude or control (2). Several studies find significant risk of depression with high demand (5–10) and low control (5, 7–11). In addition, combined levels of high demand and low control (''high strain'') are associated with depression risk (3, 10, 12–14). However, studies also find no significant effects for high demand, low control, or high strain (3, 6, 11, 15–22). Limitations of prior work include few longitudinal cohort studies evaluating high strain exposure predicting major de-pressive disorder. Most studies use self-reported depressive symptoms (12, 16, …
Missed opportunities to prevent mother-to-child-transmission: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives:To determine magnitude and reasons of loss to program and poor antiretroviral prophylaxis coverage in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods:We searched PubMed and Embase databases for PMTCT studies in sub-Saharan Africa published between January 2002 and March 2012. Outcomes were the percentage of pregnant women tested for HIV, initiating antiretroviral prophylaxis, having a CD4 cell count measured, and initiating antiretroviral combination therapy (cART) if eligible. In children outcomes were early infant diagnosis for HIV, and cART initiation. We combined data using random-effects meta-analysis and identified predictors of uptake of interventions. Results:Forty-four studies from 15 countries including 75 172 HIV-infected pregnant women were analyzed. HIV-testing uptake at antenatal care services was 94% [95% confidence intervals (CIs) 92–95%] for opt-out and 58% (95% CI 40–75%) for opt-in testing. Coverage with any antiretroviral prophylaxis was 70% (95% CI 64–76%) and 62% (95% CI 50–73%) of pregnant women eligible for cART received treatment. Sixty-four percent (95% CI 48–81%) of HIV exposed infants had early diagnosis performed and 55% (95% CI 36–74%) were tested between 12 and 18 months. Uptake of PMTCT interventions was improved if cART was provided at the antenatal clinic and if the male partner was involved. Conclusion:In sub-Saharan Africa, uptake of PMTCT interventions and early infant diagnosis is unsatisfactory. An integrated family-centered approach seems to improve retention.
A low-complexity beamforming method by orthogonal codebooks for millimeterwave links

Combining analog with digital beamforming in the sense of hybrid beamforming is one of the promising solutions to maximize throughput for millimeter wave links. Due to a concern of complexity, codebooks used in the analog beamforming are limited to their size. This paper shows that if the limited codebooks are made up of orthogonal steering vectors, the analog beamforming can be implemented with low complexity by exploiting implicit knowledge of the channel and then the resulting effective channel should be estimated explicitly to determine the optimal weighting coefficients in the digital beamforming. The simulation results show that the proposed low-complexity beamforming method can achieve nearly the same data rates as the one with perfectly known channel state information.
A Wireless Brain-Machine Interface for Real-Time Speech Synthesis

Background Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) involving electrodes implanted into the human cerebral cortex have recently been developed in an attempt to restore function to profoundly paralyzed individuals. Current BMIs for restoring communication can provide important capabilities via a typing process, but unfortunately they are only capable of slow communication rates. In the current study we use a novel approach to speech restoration in which we decode continuous auditory parameters for a real-time speech synthesizer from neuronal activity in motor cortex during attempted speech. Methodology/Principal Findings Neural signals recorded by a Neurotrophic Electrode implanted in a speech-related region of the left precentral gyrus of a human volunteer suffering from locked-in syndrome, characterized by near-total paralysis with spared cognition, were transmitted wirelessly across the scalp and used to drive a speech synthesizer. A Kalman filter-based decoder translated the neural signals generated during attempted speech into continuous parameters for controlling a synthesizer that provided immediate (within 50 ms) auditory feedback of the decoded sound. Accuracy of the volunteer's vowel productions with the synthesizer improved quickly with practice, with a 25% improvement in average hit rate (from 45% to 70%) and 46% decrease in average endpoint error from the first to the last block of a three-vowel task. Conclusions/Significance Our results support the feasibility of neural prostheses that may have the potential to provide near-conversational synthetic speech output for individuals with severely impaired speech motor control. They also provide an initial glimpse into the functional properties of neurons in speech motor cortical areas.
Changement climatique et terroirs viticoles

Resume de Changement climatique et terroirs viticoles : Dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique, les professionnels de la viticulture ont besoin d'outils et de techniques scientifiques pour evaluer les potentialites agroclimatiques actuelles et futures, notamment a travers une meilleure connaissance des variations locales du climat. L'evaluation du changement climatique adaptee a l'echelle du terroir est donc primordiale dans l'optique de la mise en place d'une politique raisonnee d'adaptation aux modifications du climat. Changement climatique et terroirs viticoles est le premier ouvrage a proposer une methodologie reposant sur des observations agroclimatiques et sur la modelisation spatiale du climat, permettant d'evaluer la variabilite spatiale des parametres atmospheriques a l'echelle d'un terroir. Cette methodologie est ici developpee et appliquee a plusieurs vignobles de renommee internationale : la complementarite des sites experimentaux permet d'etudier les potentialites agroclimatiques locales des terroirs dans des conditions macroclimatiques differentes. Les deux premiers chapitres presentent un " etat de l'art " des travaux concernant le climat et la viticulture puis les outils et les methodologies mis en œuvre pour analyser et modeliser la variabilite spatiale du climat a l'echelle des terroirs viticoles dans le contexte du changement climatique. Les chapitres 3 et 4 proposent une analyse de la variabilite climatique spatiale et temporelle a l'echelle des vignobles mondiaux et europeens. Les chapitres 5 a 12 exposent les resultats issus des experimentations agroclimatiques realisees dans differents vignobles experimentaux. Les chapitres 13 a 16 montrent comment les mesures et la modelisation agroclimatique peuvent etre utilisees dans une optique d'adaptation de la viticulture au changement climatique. Cet ouvrage s'adresse aux etudiants des ecoles d'ingenieurs en agronomie et des universites en geographie, climatologie, agronomie, œnologie. Il interessera egalement les ingenieurs agronomes, les œnologues, les viticulteurs et les organismes viticoles.
Bidirectional loop closure detection on panoramas for visual navigation

Visual loop closure detection plays a key role in navigation systems for intelligent vehicles. Nowadays, state-of-the-art algorithms are focused on unidirectional loop closures, but there are situations where they are not sufficient for identifying previously visited places. Therefore, the detection of bidirectional loop closures when a place is revisited in a different direction provides a more robust visual navigation. We propose a novel approach for identifying bidirectional loop closures on panoramic image sequences. Our proposal combines global binary descriptors and a matching strategy based on cross-correlation of sub-panoramas, which are defined as the different parts of a panorama. A set of experiments considering several binary descriptors (ORB, BRISK, FREAK, LDB) is provided, where LDB excels as the most suitable. The proposed matching proffers a reliable bidirectional loop closure detection, which is not efficiently solved in any other previous research. Our method is successfully validated and compared against FAB-MAP and BRIEF-Gist. The Ford Campus and the Oxford New College datasets are considered for evaluation.
Genetic Algorithms and the Andrews-Curtis Conjecture

The Andrews–Curtis conjecture claims that every balanced presentation of the trivial group can be transformed into the trivial presentation by a finite sequence of "elementary transformations" which are Nielsen transformations together with an arbitrary conjugation of a relator. It is believed that the Andrews–Curtis conjecture is false; however, not so many possible counterexamples are known. It is not a trivial matter to verify whether the conjecture holds for a given balanced presentation or not. The purpose of this paper is to describe some nondeterministic methods, called Genetic Algorithms, designed to test the validity of the Andrews–Curtis conjecture. Using such algorithm we have been able to prove that all known (to us) balanced presentations of the trivial group where the total length of the relators is at most 12 satisfy the conjecture. In particular, the Andrews–Curtis conjecture holds for the presentation which was one of the well known potential counterexamples.
Research and development in a Northern Ireland trust.

AIM A cross-sectional survey was carried out with the aim of ascertaining the perceived research and development (R&D) capacity of an integrated trust in Northern Ireland. METHOD All registered nurses in the trust were invited to participate (n = 786). Data were collected via the Research and Development Culture Index, which is an 18-item, four-point Likert scale. It addresses R&D capacity under three main headings: context, knowledge/skills and intent. RESULTS A number of areas were perceived as limiting the R&D capacity of the trust, such as a lack of support for nurses in changing practice, a lack of knowledge of research terminology and how to apply findings to practice, but an overwhelming desire by the nurses to overcome these barriers emerged. CONCLUSION The trust responded to the findings of the survey and introduced a number of strategies to counteract the limitations noted, such as the introduction of R&D link nurses trust-wide.
Forest structure and stream salamander diets: Implications for terrestrial-aquatic connectivity

The concept o f the ecological boundary i s emerging as a useful too! for investigating and understanding ecological processes in heterogeneous landscapes (CADENASSO et al. 2003). Ecosystem ecologists have provided valuable perspectives on the behavior of ecological boundaries, elucidating the regulation of boundary permeability and its implications for energy and nutrient cycles within contiguous patches of different habitat types (BORMANN & LIKENS 1979, HEDIN et al. 1998). These boundary-mediated fluxes and direct effects of ecological boundaries on the distribution and dispersal o f organisms ( e.g., HADDAD 1999) can strongly influence emergent properties of natural systems, including resource dynamics (JEFFERIES 2000), secondary productivity (Pous & HURD 1996), and food web composition and stability (HuxEL & McCANN 1998). The ecological boundary between aquatic and terrestrial habitats exerts fundamental control on headwater stream systems, where both ecosystem processes and food webs of terrestrial and stream habitats are widely viewed as coupled (Ross 1963, WALLACE et al. 1997). The structure and composition o f terrestrial vegetation influence the transfer o f dissolved substances to the stream (e.g., LIKENS & BoRMANN 1995) and regulate in-stream processing of these substances by affecting light, temperature, and hydrologic regimes (HILL et al. 2001, VALETI et al. 2002). Species inhabiting headwater systems rely on the flow o f resources from terrestria1 to stream habitats (WALLACE et al. 1997, NAKANO et al. l999b ), stream to terrestrial habitats (HELFIELD & NAIMAN 200 l, SABo & PowER 2002), and reciprocal flows between these two habitats (NAKANO & MURAKAMI 2001). Research is limited on how terrestrial-aquatic connectivity in headwater food webs responds to natural variation in terrestrial vegetation conditions, and the research that has been done focuses on stream fish (WIPFLI 1997, ALLAN et al. 2003). Broader understanding in this area will create valuable opportunities to bridge ecosystemand community-oriented research in stream systems, and to elucidate more fully the implications of well-established pattems of forest succession (e.g., YooA et al. 1963, ScHWARZ et al. 200 l). This understanding of how riparian forest vegetation affects terrestrial-aquatic links may also be important for forest management that aims to preserve natural ecosystem processes.
RENAL EXTRACTION OF PARA-AMINOHIPPURATE IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN.

Earlier publications questioned the reliability of measurements of renal plasma flow in young infants , since the extraction ratios for para-amino-hippurate (EPAH) used were those obtained in adults (1-3). It was suggested that the use of these high values for EPAH to determine renal plasma flow and filtration fraction might not be valid and could account for the high filtration fraction reported in infants under a year of age (1-5). This high fraction was interpreted to indicate that the rate of glomerular filtration is greater in comparison to renal plasma flow than that in adults. The present study was designed to measure EPAH in young infants in order to arrive at the true value for renal plasma flow and calculated filtration fraction. METHODS Fifteen children between 8 days and 10 years old were studied; eight were under 3 months, and seven between 5 months and 10 years old. Pertinent clinical and laboratory data are listed in Tables I through IV. Forty-five minutes before testing, eight of the fifteen patients were given a sedative; ' five were infants (no. 1 and 5-8) and three were older children (no. 10, 11, and 15). Inulin2 and para-aminohippurate (PAH) were administered in normal saline or 5% dextrose in water after base-line control venous blood determinations were made. The diluent and the intervals from the mixing of PAH with the di-luent to the end of the test are recorded in Tables II and III. Saline as the diluent for the PAH injection was used in four infants and in two children. Five per cent dextrose in water was the diluent in four infants and in seven children. Two infants and two children were mg per ml; and meperidine hydrochloride, 25.00 mg per ml. The dose was 1 ml per 20 pounds of body weight, up to a maximum of 2 ml. studied with both diluents. All blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes. Inulin and PAH were given to maintain arterial blood concentrations above 25 mg per 100 ml for inulin and below 4 mg per 100 ml for PAH. These values were not always obtained, but in the four infants given PAH in normal saline, the level of renal arterial PAH was over 3.1 mg per 100 ml in only one period of Patient 1. A no. 10 French catheter was placed in the bladder for urine collections. The femoral artery and vein were …
Capacity-Achieving Codes with Bounded Graphical Complexity on Noisy Channels

We introduce a new family of concatenated codes with an outer low-density parity-check (LDPC) code and an inner low-density generator matrix (LDGM) code, and prove that these codes can achieve capacity under any memoryless binary-input output-symmetric (MBIOS) channel using maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding with bounded graphical complexity, i.e., the number of edges per information bit in their graphical representation is bounded. In particular, we also show that these codes can achieve capacity on the binary erasure channel (BEC) under belief propagation (BP) decoding with bounded decoding complexity per information bit per iteration for all erasure probabilities in (0, 1). By deriving and analyzing the average weight distribution (AWD) and the corresponding asymptotic growth rate of these codes with a rate-1 inner LDGM code, we also show that these codes achieve the Gilbert-Varshamov bound with asymptotically high probability. This result can be attributed to the presence of the inner rate-1 LDGM code, which is demonstrated to help eliminate high weight codewords in the LDPC code while maintaining a vanishingly small amount of low weight codewords.
Principled Option Learning in Markov Decision Processes

It is well known that options can make planning more efficient, among their many benefits. Thus far, algorithms for autonomously discovering a set of useful options were heuristic. Naturally, a principled way of finding a set of useful options may be more promising and insightful. In this paper we suggest a mathematical characterization of good sets of options using tools from information theory. This characterization enables us to find conditions for a set of options to be optimal and an algorithm that outputs a useful set of options and illustrate the proposed algorithm in simulation.
The I-BAR protein Ivy1 is an effector of the Rab7 GTPase Ypt7 involved in vacuole membrane homeostasis

ABSTRACT Membrane fusion at the vacuole depends on a conserved machinery that includes SNAREs, the Rab7 homolog Ypt7 and its effector HOPS. Here, we demonstrate that Ypt7 has an unexpected additional function by controlling membrane homeostasis and nutrient-dependent signaling on the vacuole surface. We show that Ivy1, the yeast homolog of mammalian missing-in-metastasis (MIM), is a vacuolar effector of Ypt7-GTP and interacts with the EGO/ragulator complex, an activator of the target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (TORC1) on vacuoles. Loss of Ivy1 does not affect EGO vacuolar localization and function. In combination with the deletion of individual subunits of the V-ATPase, however, we observed reduced TORC1 activity and massive enlargement of the vacuole surface. Consistent with this, Ivy1 localizes to invaginations at the vacuole surface and on liposomes in a phosphoinositide- and Ypt7-GTP-controlled manner, which suggests a role in microautophagy. Our data, thus, reveal that Ivy1 is a novel regulator of vacuole membrane homeostasis with connections to TORC1 signaling. Summary: The I-BAR protein Ivy1 is a new effector of the yeast GTPase Ypt7, which localizes to membrane intrusions and affects the homeostasis of vacuole membranes.
Views From the Field: Program Directors' Perceptions of Teacher Education and the Education of Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

A random sample of directors of programs for the deaf in North America were surveyed to get their views about the skills that teacher education programs need to be teaching future teachers of students who are deaf or hard of hearing. The directors were queried about literacy practices, classroom management strategies, and communication strategies used in their programs, and were encouraged to comment freely on the questionnaire items presented to them. Program directors predicted a need for more itinerant and resource teachers. The survey also revealed that programs for the deaf are highly behaviorist (i.e., You do this and you'll get that) in the way they induce students to learn and in how they manage student behavior.
Designing Experiments to Test the Theory of Combined Ontological Coverage

Conceptual models are used to graphically capture the requirements of an information system. Research on conceptual modeling has focused on improving the modeling process. The vast majority of studies has focused on evaluations of single grammars or models. However, practitioners typically use multiple, and different types of models in system analysis and design tasks. Recker (2014) proposed a theory of combined ontological coverage to predict and explain the faithful use of multiple models in combination, but this theory has not been tested yet. The aim of this research in progress paper is to describe how experiments can be designed to examine the propositions of Recker's theory of combined ontological coverage. The findings of our experiments, once executed, will provide a grounding that will justify further research on conceptual modeling use as well as provide deep insights and foundations to understand how conceptual models are used in today's system analysis and development process.