Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vaccination and Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background/Aims Vaccinations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are recommended to prevent infectious diseases. However, there are few reports of vaccination in IBD patients in Korea. The frequency of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is high despite its uncertain effectiveness. This study aimed to identify the rates of vaccination and use of CAM in patients with IBD. Methods A total of 219 patients attended an education session for IBD patients held at Severance Hospital on March 23, 2013. We conducted a survey on vaccination and CAM use in IBD patients; 120 patients completed the questionnaire. Results The influenza vaccination rate was 44.2% and pneumococcal vaccination rate was 4.2%. Thirty-one (66%) patients were aware of the importance of vaccination. The vaccination rate was higher in patients who were aware of the importance of vaccination compared with that in patients who were unaware of the importance of vaccination (70.1% vs. 41.7%, P=0.004). The rate of CAM use was 30.0%. The most commonly used CAMs were oral products: vitamins (33.3%), red ginseng (25.0%), and probiotics (19.4%). Conclusions Awareness of the importance of vaccination and actual vaccination rates were low in IBD patients. Despite insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of CAMs in IBD patients, many patients used CAMs. We believe that repeated education and promotion of vaccination are important. Further large-scale studies to investigate the efficacy and safety of CAMs are warranted in patients with IBD.
Folding of chymotrypsin inhibitor 2. 1. Evidence for a two-state transition.

The reversible folding and unfolding of barley chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 (CI2) appears to be a rare example in which both equilibria and kinetics are described by a two-state model. Equilibrium denaturation by guanidinium chloride and heat is completely reversible, and the data can be fitted to a simple two-state model involving only native and denatured forms. The free energy of folding in the absence of denaturant, delta GH2O, at pH 6.3, is calculated to be 7.03 +/- 0.16 and 7.18 +/- 0.43 kcal mol-1 for guanidinium chloride and thermal denaturation, respectively. Scanning microcalorimetry shows that the ratio of the van't Hoff enthalpy of denaturation to the calorimetric enthalpy of denaturation does not deviate from unity, the value observed for a two-state transition, over the pH range 2.2-3.5. The heat capacity change for denaturation is found to be 0.789 kcal mol-1 K-1. The rate of unfolding of CI2 is first order and increases exponentially with increasing guanidinium chloride concentration. Refolding, however, is complex and involves at least three well-resolved phases. The three phases result from heterogeneity of the unfolded form due to proline isomerization. The fast phase, 77% of the amplitude, corresponds to the refolding of the fraction of the protein that has all its prolines in a native trans conformation. The rate of this major phase decreases exponentially with increasing guanidinium chloride concentration. The unfolding and refolding kinetics can also be fitted to a two-state model. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Americleft Study: An Inter-Center Study of Treatment Outcomes for Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Part 4. Nasolabial Aesthetics

Objective To compare the nasolabial aesthetics for individuals with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate between the ages of 5 and 12 years. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting Four cleft centers in North America. Subjects A total of 124 subjects with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were treated at the four centers. Methods After ethics approval was obtained, 124 preorthodontic frontal and profile patient images were scanned, cropped to show the nose and upper lip, and coded. Using the coded images, four nasolabial features that reflect aesthetics (i.e., nasal symmetry, nasal form, vermilion border, and nasolabial profile) were rated by five examiners using the rating system reported by Asher-McDade et al. (1991). Intrarater and interrater reliabilities were determined using weighted kappa statistics. Mean ratings, by center, were compared using analysis of variance. Results Intrarater reliability scores were good to very good and interrater reliability scores were moderate to good. Total nasolabial scores were Center B = 2.98, Center C = 3.02, Center D = 2.80, and Center E = 2.87. No statistically significant differences among centers were detected for both total aesthetic scores and for any of the individual aesthetic components. Conclusion There were no significant differences in nasolabial aesthetics among the centers evaluated. Overall good to fair nasolabial aesthetic results were achieved using the different treatment protocols in the four North American centers.
Consumption of Cross-Linked Resistant Starch (RS4XL) on Glucose and Insulin Responses in Humans

Objective. The objective was to compare the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses to nutrition bars containing either cross-linked RS type 4 (RS4XL) or standard wheat starch in normoglycemic adults (n = 13; age = 27 ± 5 years; BMI = 25 ± 3 kg/m2). Methods. Volunteers completed three trials during which they consumed a glucose beverage (GLU), a puffed wheat control bar (PWB), and a bar containing cross-linked RS4 (RS4XL) matched for available carbohydrate content. Serial blood samples were collected over two hours and glucose and insulin concentrations were determined and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated. Results. The RS4XL peak glucose and insulin concentrations were lower than the GLU and PWB (P < .05). The iAUC for glucose and insulin were lower following ingestion of RS4 compared with the GLU and PWB trials. Conclusions. These data illustrate, for the first time, that directly substituting standard starch with RS4XL, while matched for available carbohydrates, attenuated postprandial glucose and insulin levels in humans. It remains to be determined whether this response was due to the dietary fiber and/or resistant starch aspects of the RS4XL bar.
Grandparenthood and Dementia

Abstract This pilot study examined the meaning attributed to the grandparent role by grandparents and grandchildren of healthy and demented elderly persons. Forty community-dwelling grandparents (28 healthy and 12 diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease) and their grandchildren were interviewed about perceptions regarding aspects of the grandparent role. Less importance was attributed to the attitudinal and behavioral aspects by demented grandparents and their grandchildren. No differences were found in the symbolic and emotional aspects. Higher concordance was found between the scores reported by healthy grandparents and their grandchildren than for demented grandparents and their grandchildren. Geographical closeness was associated to the meaning attributed to the role by the healthy group. Quality of the relationship was associated to higher scores in the behavioral aspect. Clinical implications are discussed.
CIRCULATION AND RESPIRATION DURING AN EPISODE OF CHILL AND FEVER IN MAN.

ured by the method of Starr and Gamble (2), the oxygen consumption, respiratory minute volume, alveolar air carbon dioxide content and respiratory quotient being de-termined at the same time. The arm-to-tongue circula- tion time was measured by means of sodium dehydrocho-late (3), and the venous pressure was estimated by the direct method of Moritz and von Tabora (4). Samples of blood taken from the femoral artery and from femoral and antecubital veins without stasis were analyzed for oxygen and carbon dioxide by means of the method of van Slyke and Neill (5) as modified by Fieser (6). The lung volume and its subdivisions were measured by the method of Christie (7), modified somewhat (8), the oxygen consumption being estimated at the same time. The method of Gibson and Evelyn (9) was used for measur-ing the plasma and blood volumes; the "direct" technique, using repeated injections of dye, and the "indirect" tech- nique, using repeated observations after a single injection, were both employed. An attempt to study the func- tion of lymphatics was made by means of a method suggested by Griffith (10), using the dye T-1824. The small blood vessels of the nailfold were studied by means of a microscope which magnified 100 times after cleansing the skin with xylol and application of liquid petrolatum to the area to be observed. The pH of the arterial blood was studied by means of a potentiometer with glass electrodes.
Sports coach as transformative leader: arresting school disengagement through community sport-based initiatives

Reducing social exclusion through interventions designed to sustain school engagement is a key aim of the education and social policy of any government. This paper is a response to the call for there to be more focused empirical sports coaching research through examining the transformative potential of community-based sports coaches to support schools in arresting school disengagement. By embracing an understanding that challenges the definitional core of sports coaching as simply improving the sporting performance of an individual or team, and, drawing theoretically on the work of Carlisle et al. and Shields, the role of ‘coach as transformative leader’ is articulated. Analysis of data collected by means of semi-structured interviews with a group of community-based sports coaches (n = 8) revealed three factors salient to our understanding of re-engaging young people with formal education through sport. These were the impact of the community sport programme; the relationship between schools and community sports groups; and the implementation of transformative leadership qualities by sport coaching practitioners. Importantly, this paper explicates the pivotal function that coaching practice which embraces transformative leadership principles can have on reorienting young people from disadvantaged backgrounds towards more optimistic futures and educational objectives.
Frequency, not age of acquisition, affects Italian word naming

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the claim that age of acquisition (AoA) and word frequency effects are reduced or nonexistent in languages that have very regular letter-to-sound mappings, like Italian. The first two experiments (Exp. 1, Exp. 2) showed that frequency variables affect reading aloud and lexical decision in Italian. Variables interpretable as pertaining to a semantic component, including AoA, affected lexical decision but not reading aloud. In Experiments 3 and 4, a measure of frequency—child written word frequency (ChFreq)—and AoA were manipulated. Reading performance was affected by word frequency but not by AoA (Exp. 3), whereas lexical decision was affected by both variables (Exp. 4). In Experiments 5 and 6, ChFreq and AoA were manipulated orthogonally. Only frequency affected reading aloud, with no main effect or interaction involving AoA (Exp. 5). The effects of AoA and frequency interacted in Experiment 6 for lexical decision due to a larger effect of AoA for low frequency words than high frequency words. These results show that in languages with a transparent orthography word frequency may affect reading aloud in the absence of an effect of AoA because Italian readers employ lexical nonsemantic reading aloud. The effect of child written frequency points to the efficiency of the mappings between those orthographic and phonological word forms that were frequently encountered when learning to read.
Instrument Selection and Gender Stereotypes

Choice of instrument is among the most important factors in determining the course of a student's music education. Instrument selection can be a lengthy process accomplished through a variety of factors. The stereotyping of instruments by gender can, unfortunately, be one of those factors. The association of gender with particular instruments can significantly influence a student in choosing an instrument, thereby resulting in numerous negative consequences— including fewer instrument choices, limited ensemble participation, and peer disapproval. The purpose of this literature review is to examine recent scholarship on this issue and make recommendations for future investigation and possible interventions. By examining post-1996 literature, this article demonstrates that this issue still affects music education; it discusses recent aspects of the issue; and it proposes areas for further inquiry.
Counting the costs of imprisonment: Researching women’s post-release deaths in Victoria

The prevailing body of research on post-release mortality is limited in scope, resulting in significant gaps in knowledge of post-release survival and unnatural death. The absence of current monitoring and research on women’s mortality rates in Victoria in combination with recent statistics indicating the high rates of unnatural death for women released from prison (in Victoria and elsewhere), provide key impetus for Surviving Outside, a project that sought to combine quantitative and qualitative data on women’s post-prison survival and death. This article documents the methodological challenges we faced in undertaking this research. Our experience encapsulates broader challenges presented to contemporary critical criminology and those who seek to develop independent and/or alternative research agendas to those devised by state institutions. In documenting these challenges we provide a critical examination of the relationship between government research agendas, the production of knowledge and the limitations associated with administrative research and reporting. We argue that future research in this area requires a departure from traditional modes of inquiry to enable a nuanced, comprehensive understanding of the circumstances that underpin post-release survival and death.
Humans tend to walk in circles as directed by memorized visual locations at large distances

Human veering while walking blindfolded or walking straight without any visual cues has been widely studied over the last 100 years, but the results are still controversial. The present study attempted to describe and understand the human ability to maintain the direction of a trajectory while walking without visual or audio cues with reference to a proposed mathematical model and using data collected by a global positioning system (GPS). Fifteen right-handed people of both genders, aged 18-30 years, walked without vision in an open field directly toward a target after seeing it for a brief period of time. Time and distance were directly measured by the GPS receiver. The mathematical analysis indicated that both linear and angular velocities determined the shape of the trajectory. Careful observation of the trajectories clearly showed a geometrical pattern, and the circular trajectory was the most frequent. Such behavior can be explained by the almost constant linear and angular velocity during the walk. From the perspective of the mathematical model, angular velocity is the observable physical quantity that most determines the trajectory pattern. One can notice that better performance (i.e., lower angular velocity) is related to longer distances when comparing an individual's circular trajectory walking performance as a function of different target distances (i.e., 30.00, 41.60, 57.69, and 80.00 m).
Social Learning Constructs in the Prediction of Peer Interaction

We examined four social learning variables and an experimental measure of behavioral flexibility in the prediction of peer interaction. We hypothesized that these measures would account for significant variance associated with peer interaction, above and beyond that accounted for by sociometric status, a frequently used measure. Forty-three children between 6 years and 12 years of age participated. Results indicated that these measures, particularly the self-report measures of locus of control, outcome expectancy, and peer preference value, were significant predictors. Results were discussed in terms of the cost-effectiveness of these social learning variables in the prediction of peer interactions.
Optimized Design of Stationary Frame Three Phase AC Current Regulators

Current regulation plays an important role in modern power electronic AC conversion systems. The most direct strategy to regulate such currents is to use a simple closed loop proportional-integral (PI) regulator, which has no theoretical stability limits as the proportional and integral gains are increased, since it is only a second order system. However, pulsewidth modulation (PWM) transport and controller sampling delays limit the gain values that can be achieved in practical systems. Taking these limitations into account, this paper presents an analytical method to determine the best possible gains that can be achieved for any class of practical linear AC current controller. The analysis shows that the maximum possible proportional gain is determined by the plant series inductance, the DC bus voltage and the transport and sampling delays, while the maximum possible integral gain is determined primarily by the transport and sampling delays. The work is applicable to stationary frame PI regulators, stationary frame controllers with back electromotive force compensation, stationary frame P+ resonant (PR) controllers, and synchronous d- q frame controllers, since they all have identical proportional and integral gains that must be optimized for any particular application.
Emotion Beliefs and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder

Despite strong support for the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD), little is known about mechanisms of change in treatment. Within the context of a randomized controlled trial of CBT, this study examined patients' beliefs about the fixed versus malleable nature of anxiety—their ‘implicit theories’—as a key variable in CBT for SAD. Compared to waitlist (n = 29; 58% female), CBT (n = 24; 52% female) led to significantly lower levels of fixed beliefs about anxiety (Mbaseline = 11.70 vs. MPost = 7.08, d = 1.27). These implicit beliefs indirectly explained CBT-related changes in social anxiety symptoms (κ2 = .28, [95% CI = 0.12, 0.46]). Implicit beliefs also uniquely predicted treatment outcomes when controlling for baseline social anxiety and other kinds of maladaptive beliefs (perceived social costs, perceived social self-efficacy, and maladaptive interpersonal beliefs). Finally, implicit beliefs continued to predict social anxiety symptoms at 12 months post-treatment. These findings suggest that changes in patients' beliefs about their emotions may play an important role in CBT for SAD.
Social constructivist teaching methods in Australian universities – reported uptake and perceived learning effects: a survey of lecturers

Pragmatic social constructivist teaching methods require students to construct knowledge by engaging collaboratively with realistic problems, cases or projects. It is hypothesised that they are more effective than traditional didactic teaching methods in developing undergraduate students’: (1) theoretical knowledge; (2) profession‐specific skills; and (3) knowledge creation capacity. Results of a survey show the second and third learning effects to be salient among Australian university lecturers, but not the first. Lecturers report that these teaching methods have been adopted more widely in human service‐related faculties and design‐related faculties than in business‐related faculties, possibly owing to the lesser emphasis placed by business lecturers on developing students’ profession‐specific skills and knowledge creation capacity. A corresponding survey of business practitioners revealed a surprising gap between the value that business practitioners place on new graduates’ knowledge creation capacity and the rather limited emphasis that business lecturers place upon developing that capacity in their undergraduate students.
Do Animals Have an Interest in Liberty?

Proponents of justice for animals often argue that non-human animals have an interest in liberty. Furthermore, they usually claim that this animal interest in liberty is intrinsic rather than instrumental; that is to say, liberty is regarded to be good for animals in itself, irrespective of its contribution to the achievement of other goods, such as pleasure. For this reason they argue that legislating to improve welfare standards in zoos, circuses, laboratories and agriculture is inadequate. Instead, they claim that such practices are analogous to human slavery, necessarily harmful and must be abolished. In this article I refute this assertion and claim that for most animals, their interest in liberty can only ever be instrumental. In doing so I outline and reject two different arguments in favour of an intrinsic animal interest in liberty: first, that liberty is an intrinsic interest of animals because they possess preference autonomy; and second, that it is good for animals to be free, where freedom is defined as the ability to exercise one's natural functionings. I conclude that most animals do not possess an intrinsic interest in liberty because they are not autonomous in the relevant sense; that is, they cannot frame, revise and pursue their own conception of the good. If my conclusion is correct, this would have important effects on our obligations to non-human animals. I end the article by introducing some of these possible implications. Specifically, I propose that for most animals, our obligations do not consist of liberating them, and that it might be permissible to use and interfere with animals more often than other proponents of justice for animals have suggested. If this is the case, not all of the ways we keep and use animals need to be abolished. Nevertheless, many need to be reformed to improve welfare standards.
Central venous catheter placement in patients with disorders of hemostasis.

OBJECTIVE To define the incidence of bleeding complications from central venous access procedures performed by a critical care service in patients with disorders of hemostasis. DESIGN Prospective, consecutive sample, collection of clinical data. SETTING University teaching hospital. PATIENTS Seventy-six consecutive patients with disorders of hemostasis who required central venous access for clinical management between October 1992 and October 1993. MEASUREMENTS Age, sex, clinical diagnosis, most recent platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were recorded from the medical record of patients with known coagulation or platelet abnormalities. The site of central venous catheter placement, the number of needle passes necessary to complete the procedure, and the occurrence of complications were reported by the critical care attending physician performing or supervising the procedure. RESULTS One hundred four central venous access procedures were performed on 76 patients with disorders of hemostasis. Seventy-three percent of catheters were placed in patients with platelet counts less than 100,000/mL and 40% of catheters were placed in patients with abnormalities of PT, aPTT, or both. Thirteen percent of patients had abnormalities of both platelets and coagulation profile. There were no serious complications. Bleeding complicated 7 (6.5% of the procedures; 5 patients had bleeding from the skin (from the suture sites in four), and 2 patients developed small periosteal hematomas. All patients with bleeding complications had thrombocytopenia with mean platelet counts of 22,000/mL and a range of 6,000 to 37,000/mL. Most patients with platelet counts in this range did not have clinically evident bleeding. CONCLUSIONS Central venous access procedures can be done safely in patients with disorders of hemostasis by skilled physicians who frequently perform these procedures. Patients most likely to experience bleeding from these procedures are patients with severe thrombocytopenia. In this series, only a single patient, with a platelet count of 6,000/mL, required therapeutic blood product administration.