Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Rank Properties of Endomorphisms of Finite Circular Orders

ABSTRACT A mapping α from X = {1,2,…,n} to X is orientation-preserving if the sequence (1α,2α,…,nα) is a cyclic permutation of a nondecreasing sequence (with respect to some total order on X). Orientation-preserving mappings can be thought of as preserving a circular order on X. Two partitions of X have the same type if they have identical sizes and numbers of classes. Let τ be a partition with r classes, and let S be the semigroup generated by the set of orientation-preserving mappings from X to X with kernels of same type as τ. We show that the minimum cardinality of a generating set for S is . Moreover, we characterize all such S generated by their idempotent elements (i.e., s ∈ S such that s 2 = s), and show that the minimum number of idempotent elements required to generate S is .
Towards a Mechanism of Joint Visual Attention in Human Infancy

Three experiments are reported which aim to distinguish between mechanisms that might serve joint visual attention between human infants and adults. Between 6 and 18 months of age, the infant will adjust his (or her) line of gaze contingent on a change in the adult's focus of attention but behaves as if the adult is referring to loci within the infants' visual space. Thus, if the adult looks behind the infant, the infant scans the space in front of him. Various explanations of this phenomenon and of the capacity for joint visual attention are discussed.
Computational and Energy Costs of Cryptographic Algorithms on Handheld Devices

Networks are evolving toward a ubiquitous model in which heterogeneous devices are interconnected. Cryptographic algorithms are required for developing security solutions that protect network activity. However, the computational and energy limitations of network devices jeopardize the actual implementation of such mechanisms. In this paper, we perform a wide analysis on the expenses of launching symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic algorithms, hash chain functions, elliptic curves cryptography and pairing based cryptography on personal agendas, and compare them with the costs of basic operating system functions. Results show that although cryptographic power costs are high and such operations shall be restricted in time, they are not the main limiting factor of the autonomy of a device.
Trauma in military and civilian settings

Previous works on clinical populations have indicated that trauma experienced in military settings is characterized by a higher prevalence of PTSD, intensity of post-traumatic symptoms, and psychological distress than trauma experienced in a civilian setting. The present study was designed to compare these reactions to military and civilian trauma in a non-clinical population in Israel of 140 males, aged 25–45. The results showed that responses following exposure to civilian traumas were characterized by higher levels in all indicators examined, as compared with responses to military trauma exposure. The findings of this study broaden our knowledge with regard to emotional reactions to both kinds of trauma in Israel and emphasize the uniqueness of Israeli society and the special place of military and civilian traumas therein. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silicon nanowire polytypes: identification by Raman spectroscopy, generation mechanism, and misfit strain in homostructures.

Silicon nanowires with predominant 9R, 27T, 2H and other polytype structures with respective hexagonalities of 50, 40 and 35.3% were identified by Raman microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that intrinsic stacking faults form the basic building blocks of these polytypes. We propose a generation mechanism in which polytypes are seeded from incoherent twin boundaries and associated partial dislocations. This mechanism explains observed prevalence of polytypes and trends in stacking for longer period structures. The percentage of hexagonal planes in a polytype is extracted from its Raman spectrum after correcting the zone-folded phonon frequencies to account for changes of the in-plane lattice parameter with respect to diamond cubic (3C) Si. The correction is found to be (i) of the same order of magnitude as frequency differences between modes of low period polytypes and (ii) proportional to the hexagonality. Corrected phonon frequencies agree with experimentally found values to within 0.4 cm(-1). Homostructures in which a central polytype region is bounded by 3C regions, with the planes (111)(3C)║(0001)(polytype) parallel to the nanowire axis, are found in 112 oriented nanowires. Strain-induced shifts of the Raman modes in such structures enable a rough estimation of the lattice misfit between polytypes, which compares favorably with first-principles calculations. Considerations presented here provide a simple and quantitative framework to interpret Raman frequencies and extract crystallographic information on polytype structures.
A Factorial Investigation of the Dimensions of Social Support

This study represents a factor analytic investigation of the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors (ISSB) and the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) when used with South African students. Respondents (N = 242) were undergraduate students at the University of the Western Cape. The obtained internal-consistency estimates of reliability for the ISSB and the SSQ (alphas above 0,90) compared favourably with previously reported reliabilities for these scales. Exploratory factor analyses of the ISSB yielded three factors similar to previously reported factor structures of the scale, while in the case of the SSQ it appears as if one factor is sufficient to represent the factorial structure of the scale. Confirmatory factor analyses, using latent variable methods confirmed the distinctiveness of the instruments and indicated that two interrelated factors accounted for the variation in the subscales of the ISSB and the SSQ.
A Developmental Study of Young Gifted Children's Conditional Reasoning Ability

reasoning. It is called upon in rejecting hypotheses when predictions made from them turn out to be false. Similarly, it is used for indirect proofs in mathematics. It is also used in simplifying chains of reasoning. in making certain relationships clear.It is the relationship between premises and conclusions of any valid deductive argument and of most other good arguments. The relevance of logic for the school curriculum has also been recognized by others. Roberge (1972), for example, cited recommendations from reports of commissions and conferences to show that the high school mathematics curriculum should be revised to include instruction in deductive reasoning in algebra and geometry and, in general, that explicit instruction in the recognition of inference schemes should be included in the elementary schools. Thus, the inclusion of logic appears relevant in both elementary and high school classrooms. The most striking aspect of logic is that it is independent of the material truth of the premises. The conditional nature of the premises in a syllogism is taken for granted. The aim in studying the formal relationship of the propositions is
Estimating Sprint Training Times: What is an Appropriate Target Time?

During the running events in track and field, the goal is to run at the fastest pace possible that is sustainable for the duration of the race. In the sprint events, what are the most appropriate training times to achieve the fastest race time? The aim of this study was to develop a mathematical function that could be used to calculate an individual athlete's sprint training times for 60m to 1000m based upon a season's 100m target time. A mathematical function was fit to the velocity-distance World Record data. Based upon the velocity-distance relationship, the ‘curve’ could be adjusted according to an athlete's 100m target time. Results have shown that the ‘curve’ can be individualised while maintaining the key characteristics seen in the World Record data. It is possible to create individual target sprint-training times that are progressive and realistic for each athlete with the goal of achieving the season's target 100m time.
Interdisciplinary, Team-Taught, Undergraduate Business Courses: The Impact of Integration

Given the widespread use and success of cross-functional teams in industry and the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business's focus on the importance of interdisciplinary education, many business schools have incorporated interdisciplinary elements into their curricula. This study examined current student and alumni perceptions of the value of interdisciplinary, teamtaught, undergraduate business courses. Of specific concern was the impact of perceived integration. Overall, the courses were perceived to have value. In addition, the more integrated the course, the more positively it was evaluated on every dimension. Practical and research implications are discussed.
The mean-square delayed decision feedback sequence detector

In signal equalization, a detection technique that allows reduction of the number of states of the Viterbi (1979) detector is the delayed decision feedback sequence detector (DDFSD). In order to achieve good performance, it is crucial to operate an appropriate prefiltering of the received sequence before the DDFSD. The main novelty of the paper is performance evaluation of the DDFSD when the feedforward filter of the minimum mean-square error decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is adopted as prefilter. The union upper bound is used to evaluate the probability of first error event and truncation of the sum appearing in the bound to the error sequences that dominate the performance is discussed. It is also shown that the feedforward filter of the minimum mean-square error DFE leads to maximum likelihood sequence detection with a minimum number of states, which seems to be a novel result.
Rage against Self-replicating Machines: Framing Science and Fiction in the US Nanotechnology Field

Research in the sociology of science has increasingly begun to acknowledge the role that external influences play in shaping the boundaries and content of science. However, a scarce understanding still prevails with regard to the role of peripheral, popular movements in the emergence of scientific fields, and of professional fields in general.Through their attention to boundary work, scientific fields also provide a fruitful yet neglected context to study how actors engage in efforts to alter frames in order to adjust and negotiate community boundaries. This qualitative study of the emergence of the US nanotechnology field from 1986 to 2005 makes several contributions to knowledge about these issues. First, our study shows that peripheral, popular movements open up avenues for scientific fields by generating understanding and receptivity for novel ideas through story-telling, which gives rise to their cultural embeddedness. Second, we find that by capitalizing on such culturally embedded concepts, scientists make science particularly vulnerable to external interventions, limiting the effect of boundary work. Third, the study shows how usually persistent hierarchies between communities are tested, challenged, and reproduced in an emerging professional field. The study therefore provides understanding on how actors in the key communities are able to use framing to negotiate their positions and community boundaries within a complex, emergent field.
Applications of underexpanded jets in hypersonic aerothermodynamics research

A method of underexpanded hypersonic viscous jets has been developed to acquire experimental aerodynamic data for simple-shape bodies (plates, wedges, disks, and others) in the transitional regime between free-molecular and continuum flow regimes. The kinetic, viscous, and nonequilibrium processes in the jets of He, Ar, N2, and CO2 under various experimental conditions have been analyzed by asymptotic methods and numerical techniques. Fundamental laws for the aerodynamic characteristics and similarity parameters are revealed. In the case of hypersonic stabilization, the Reynolds number and temperature factor are the main similarity parameters. This research has discovered those conditions, which allow the significant influence of other parameters (specific heat ratio, viscosity parameter, Mach number). The acquired data could be used effectively for research and prediction of aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles during hypersonic flights under the rarefied atmospheric conditions of Earth, Mars, Venus, .
The Hull Method for Selecting the Number of Common Factors

A common problem in exploratory factor analysis is how many factors need to be extracted from a particular data set. We propose a new method for selecting the number of major common factors: the Hull method, which aims to find a model with an optimal balance between model fit and number of parameters. We examine the performance of the method in an extensive simulation study in which the simulated data are based on major and minor factors. The study compares the method with four other methods such as parallel analysis and the minimum average partial test, which were selected because they have been proven to perform well and/or they are frequently used in applied research. The Hull method outperformed all four methods at recovering the correct number of major factors. Its usefulness was further illustrated by its assessment of the dimensionality of the Five-Factor Personality Inventory (Hendriks, Hofstee, & De Raad, 1999). This inventory has 100 items, and the typical methods for assessing dimensionality prove to be useless: the large number of factors they suggest has no theoretical justification. The Hull method, however, suggested retaining the number of factors that the theoretical background to the inventory actually proposes.
Correlation of Histologic Subtypes and Molecular Alterations in Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: Therapeutic and Prognostic Implications

Major driver mutations of pulmonary adenocarcinomas have been identified and highlighted as actionable targets for precision cancer medicine. As phenotype is largely determined by genotype, genetic changes associated with morphologic features have recently received more attention from both pathologists and clinicians. The morphologic features of adenocarcinomas with mutations in EGFR or KRAS, or translocated ALK, have rarely been described. Pulmonary adenocarcinomas with EGFR mutations, the most common driver mutation encountered in Asian patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma, show lepidic or papillary organotypic growth patterns. KRAS-mutated adenocarcinomas demonstrate nonorganotypic growth patterns, especially mucin-containing cells. P53 mutations are associated with aggressiveness rather than growth patterns. HER2 mutations are observed in mucinous adenocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma with micropapillary features. The histologic features of BRAF-mutated adenocarcinomas have not yet been established, but papillary, lepidic, solid, and acinar patterns have been observed. Adenocarcinomas with rearrangement of ALK, ROS1, and RET genes share similar histologic features, such as solid signet-ring cells and cribriform formation. However, adenocarcinomas with NRG1 rearrangements frequently show mucinous morphology. The histologic features and related mutations of adenocarcinomas with expression of programmed cell death-1 and programmed cell death ligands-1 may be helpful in guiding immunotherapeutic treatment. This review describes histopathologic features of adenocarcinomas and their correlation with molecular alterations.
Visual evoked potentials estimation by adaptive noise cancellation with neural-network-based fuzzy inference system

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are time-varying signals typically buried in relatively large background noise known as the electroencephalogram (EEG). An adaptive noise cancellation with neural-network-based fuzzy inference system was used and the NNFIS was carefully designed to model the VEP signal. An advantage of the method in this paper is that no reference signal is required. The NNFIS based on Takagi and Sugeno's fuzzy model has the advantage of being linear-in-parameter, which is able to closely fit any function mapping and can track the dynamic behavior of VEP in a real-time fashion. 4 sets of simulated data indicate that the proposed method is appropriate to estimate VEP. A total of 150 trials are processed to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method.
Bone mineral density, bone turnover markers and cytokines in alcohol-induced cirrhosis.

AIMS Liver cirrhosis is a risk factor for osteoporosis. However, the pathogenesis of the bone mass loss in patients with alcohol-induced cirrhosis (AC) is not well understood. Serum concentrations of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor (sTNF-R55), neopterin and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R), activation markers of cellular immunity, correlate with clinical activity and severity of the AC. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of these soluble markers with the development of osteoporosis in patients with AC. METHODS We studied 33 consecutive patients with AC and 24 healthy volunteers. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by X-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). Neopterin was measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum concentrations of sTNF-R55 and sIL-2R were measured by enzyme immunoassay. We also determined serum levels of osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase as biochemical markers of bone formation, and deoxypyridinoline urinary excretion (D-Pyr) as marker of bone resorption. RESULTS Patients with AC had reduced BMD (expressed as z-score) in all sites (LS: P < 0.001 and FN: P < 0.05). Serum concentrations of sTNF-R55 were significantly higher in patients with both AC and osteoporosis than in those with only AC (P < 0.001). Serum levels of sTNF-R55 positively correlated with D-Pyr urinary excretion (r = 0.354; P = 0.01). Serum levels of sIL-2R were significantly higher in patients with both AC and osteoporosis than in those with only AC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a relation between activation of the cellular immunity and osteoporosis in AC. Bone mass loss could be related to the increased bone resorption found in these patients.
Gender differences in entrepreneurial networking and participation

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between an individual's personal acquaintance with an entrepreneur and his/her participation in entrepreneurial activity at three distinct new venture stages: discovery (intending to start a business), start‐up (actively in the process of starting a business), and young (running a business for less than three months). , – Using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data from 35 countries (n=311,720) pooled across three years (2002‐2004) and multinomial logistic regression, the paper examines the relationship between entrepreneurial networking and entrepreneurial participation across gender. Gender differences in entrepreneurial networking are also examined. , – The findings indicate that individuals who personally know an entrepreneur are more likely to participate in entrepreneurial activity at any venture stage but that female entrepreneurs, compared with their male counterparts, are less likely to be acquainted with an entrepreneur. Taken together, these findings suggest that one of the reasons why women are less likely to become entrepreneurs is that they lack entrepreneurial resource providers or role models in their social networks. , – The paper is subject to two limitations. First, the paper includes a single item measure of social network composition. Second, although the paper includes data from 2000 to 2004, the dataset is cross‐sectional and is thus based on different cohorts of participants. The paper offers a number of implications for theory, practice, and future research. One of the most important implications is that female entrepreneurship participation could be enhanced by policy directed at promoting female entrepreneur role models and connecting women with entrepreneurs. , – The paper utilizes a representative sample of 311,720 individuals in 35 countries. Entrepreneurs are classified as operating at three distinct phases of the entrepreneurial process: discovery, start‐up, and young and the relationship between entrepreneurial networking and entrepreneurship participation is examined within each of these phases.
Increasing the Flow Capacity of Signalized Intersections with Pre-signals: Theory and Case Study

Author(s): Xuan, Yiguang | Advisor(s): Daganzo, Carlos F; Cassidy, Michael J | Abstract: The dissertation proposes a new "tandem design" to reorganize traffic and increase the flow capacity of signalized intersections. In the tandem design, a mid-block pre-signal is used to sort left-turning vehicles (LVs) and through-moving vehicles (TVs) in tandem, rather than leaving them side by side, as in the conventional design. For intersections with separate through and left-turn phases, the tandem design outperforms the conventional one because more lanes can be used to discharge traffic during at least one of the intersection signal phases. We find that the tandem design can increase the intersection capacity by 10% to 20% in its simplest form. We also study the length requirement of blocks to fully realize the capacity benefit, and modifications of the tandem design to reduce this length requirement. We then conduct a case study at a signalized intersection in the city of Chengdu, China. The case study shows that the tandem design can effectively increase intersection capacity. Moreover, the case study shows that together with enforcement of the bus-lane restriction, both cars and buses can benefit. Finally, we demonstrate how the idea of tandem sorting with pre-signals can be extended to increase intersection capacity of multimodal traffic, using as an example the case of cars and buses. This extension hinges on an assumption that the discharge times of different modes of transport is additive, and this assumption is confirmed with a natural experiment.
Stress, severity of illness, and outcome in ventilated preterm infants.

AIM: To determine physiological and hormonal stress responses in ventilated preterm infants. METHODS: Physiological and hormonal stress responses were studied in 47 ventilated preterm infants who were judged clinically to require sedation. The correlation between the stress response and severity of illness was examined, and responses were compared between infants with different clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Stress hormone concentrations were significantly correlated with severity of illness, assessed using the arterial: alveolar oxygen partial pressure ratio. Noradrenaline showed the strongest correlation, with an exponential pattern of increased secretion. Catecholamine concentrations before sedation were significantly higher among infants who subsequently died (n = 15, at a median age of 6 days) than among survivors: median noradrenaline 4.31 vs 2.16 nmol/l, median adrenaline 0.69 vs 0.31 nmol/l. The observed fall in noradrenaline with sedation was lower among those who died than survivors (median fall 2% vs 40%). CONCLUSION: Preterm infants are capable of hormonal stress responses appropriate for the severity of their illness. Extreme catecholamine responses, in the sickest infants, are associated with the worst outcome.
The Paper Mirror: Understanding Reflective Journaling

Although pervasive throughout counseling psychology and other training programs that incorporate experiential activities, reflective journals have sparse, fragmented and disparate theoretical bases to support their use. Coming from the fields of counseling and professional education, the authors use counselor education as a template to explore the use of reflective journaling in higher education. This article reviews literature supporting the use of reflective journaling, presents descriptions of various types of reflective journals, and proposes a method that allows instructors and students to critique journal entries collaboratively.