Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Burnout and compassion fatigue: prevalence and associations among Israeli burn clinicians

Acute health care environments can be stressful settings with clinicians experiencing deleterious effects of burnout and compassion fatigue affecting their mental health. Subsequently, the quality of patient care and outcomes may be threatened if clinicians experience burnout or compassion fatigue. Therefore, the aim of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of burnout and compassion fatigue among burn clinicians in Israel. Fifty-five clinicians from Burns, Plastics and Reconstruction Surgery and Intensive Care completed four validated surveys to assess burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory), depression (PRIME-MD), health-related quality of life (SF-8), and compassion fatigue (Professional Quality of Life version 5). Burn clinicians were compared with Plastics and Reconstruction Surgery and Intensive Care clinicians. This study identified a high prevalence of burnout (38.2%) among Intensive Care, Plastics and Reconstruction and Burns clinicians, with Burns clinicians having a greatly increased prevalence of burnout compared to Intensive Care clinicians (OR =24.3, P=0.017). Additional factors contributing to compassion fatigue were those without children (P=0.016), divorced (P=0.035), of a younger age (P=0.019), and a registered nurse (P=0.05). Burnout increased clinicians’ risk of adverse professional and personal outcomes and correlated with less free time (P<0.001), increased risk of experiencing work-home disputes (P=0.05), increased depression (P=0.001) and decreased career satisfaction (P=0.01). Burnout was also associated with higher physical (mean difference =3.8, P<0.001) and lower mental (mean difference =−3.5, P<0.001) Quality of Life scores. Caring for burn survivors can lead to burnout, compassion fatigue, and vicarious trauma. Identifying strategies to abate these issues is essential to ensure improved clinicial environments and patient outcomes.
The bleak future of NAND flash memory

In recent years, flash-based SSDs have grown enormously both in capacity and popularity. In high-performance enterprise storage applications, accelerating adoption of SSDs is predicated on the ability of manufacturers to deliver performance that far exceeds disks while closing the gap in cost per gigabyte. However, while flash density continues to improve, other metrics such as a reliability, endurance, and performance are all declining. As a result, building larger-capacity flash-based SSDs that are reliable enough to be useful in enterprise settings and high-performance enough to justify their cost will become challenging. In this work, we present our empirical data collected from 45 flash chips from 6 manufacturers and examine the performance trends for these raw flash devices as flash scales down in feature size. We use this analysis to predict the performance and cost characteristics of future SSDs. We show that future gains in density will come at significant drops in performance and reliability. As a result, SSD manufacturers and users will face a tough choice in trading off between cost, performance, capacity and reliability.
Evaluating the feasibility and the potential efficacy of e-learning-based speech therapy (EST) as a web application for speech training in dysarthric patients with Parkinson's disease: a case study.

OBJECTIVE As a Web application for speech training, e-learning-based speech therapy (EST) is assumed to have potential for neurological patients who aim at independent speech training in their home environment. This article reports a case study of a patient with dysarthric speech due to Parkinson's disease (PD) who enrolled in a 4-week intensive speech training through EST. The primary goal was to investigate the feasibility and the potential efficacy of EST as a Web application for speech training in dysarthric patients with PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The participant used EST, following a speech training program containing parts of the pitch limiting voice treatment for patients with PD. The feasibility of EST for independent speech training in the home environment was verified through a questionnaire. The questionnaire addressed the participant's individual experiences with EST as well as the extent of satisfaction with technological features of EST, the content of the speech training, and the suitability of the home training environment. The potential efficacy of EST as a device to improve speech intelligibility was investigated using a repeated measures with randomized blocks design. The proportion of correct orthographic transcriptions of semantically unpredictable sentences as well as ratings of perceived intelligibility on a 10-point scale were used as measures for speech intelligibility. RESULTS Outcomes of the questionnaire resulted in recommendations to enhance EST feasibility. Speech intelligibility, as measured by transcription scores, improved significantly after EST training. This improvement was maintained for 2 weeks after completing the EST training, whereas considerably lower scores were observed after 11 weeks without training. Subjective ratings of intelligibility did not show significant differences across time. CONCLUSIONS The results of this case study confirm the potential of EST for patients with PD.
X‐RAY DETERMINATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF GLASS*

A method has been developed for analyzing the X-ray diffraction patterns of amorphous solids, and the atomic arrangement in two simple glasses has been completely worked out. In SO2, for example, each silicon is tetra-hedrally surrounded by 4 oxygens at a distance 1.60 AIR, and each oxygen is shared between two such tetrahedral groups. The mutual orientation of the two groups about their common direction of bonding is random, and hence it is a random three-dimensional network which is built up. The configuration does not repeat at regular intervals and hence is noncrystalline; it is this feature which distinguishes the glassy state from the crystalline.
Printable photonic crystals with high refractive index for applications in visible light

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) of functional high-refractive index materials has proved to be a powerful candidate for the inexpensive manufacturing of high-resolution photonic devices. In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of printable photonic crystals (PhCs) with high refractive index working in the visible wavelengths. The PhCs are replicated on a titanium dioxide-based high-refractive index hybrid material by reverse NIL with almost zero shrinkage and high-fidelity reproducibility between mold and printed devices. The optical responses of the imprinted PhCs compare very well with those fabricated by conventional nanofabrication methods. This study opens the road for a low-cost manufacturing of PhCs and other nanophotonic devices for applications in visible light.
Immune physiology in tissue regeneration and aging, tumor growth, and regenerative medicine

The immune system plays an important role in immunity (immune surveillance), but also in the regulation of tissue homeostasis (immune physiology). Lessons from the female reproductive tract indicate that immune system related cells, such as intraepithelial T cells and monocyte-derived cells (MDC) in stratified epithelium, interact amongst themselves and degenerate whereas epithelial cells proliferate and differentiate. In adult ovaries, MDC and T cells are present during oocyte renewal from ovarian stem cells. Activated MDC are also associated with follicular development and atresia, and corpus luteum differentiation. Corpus luteum demise resembles rejection of a graft since it is attended by a massive influx of MDC and T cells resulting in parenchymal and vascular regression. Vascular pericytes play important roles in immune physiology, and their activities (including secretion of the Thy-1 differentiation protein) can be regulated by vascular autonomic innervation. In tumors, MDC regulate proliferation of neoplastic cells and angiogenesis. Tumor infiltrating T cells die among malignant cells. Alterations of immune physiology can result in pathology, such as autoimmune, metabolic, and degenerative diseases, but also in infertility and intrauterine growth retardation, fetal morbidity and mortality. Animal experiments indicate that modification of tissue differentiation (retardation or acceleration) during immune adaptation can cause malfunction (persistent immaturity or premature aging) of such tissue during adulthood. Thus successful stem cell therapy will depend on immune physiology in targeted tissues. From this point of view, regenerative medicine is more likely to be successful in acute rather than chronic tissue disorders.
Event-Triggered State Observers for Sparse Sensor Noise/Attacks

This paper describes two algorithms for state reconstruction from sensor measurements that are corrupted with sparse, but otherwise arbitrary, “noise. ” These results are motivated by the need to secure cyber-physical systems against a malicious adversary that can arbitrarily corrupt sensor measurements. The first algorithm reconstructs the state from a batch of sensor measurements while the second algorithm is able to incorporate new measurements as they become available, in the spirit of a Luenberger observer. A distinguishing point of these algorithms is the use of event-triggered techniques to improve the computational performance of the proposed algorithms.
Mapping U.S. government tobacco control leadership: networked for success?

INTRODUCTION In order to better understand how tobacco control efforts are coordinated across agencies of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), we assessed tobacco control-related communication between tobacco control leaders across DHHS. METHODS Cross-sectional surveys were collected from individuals representing 11 DHHS agencies, and social network analyses were used to assess linkages and map agencies' tobacco control communication. RESULTS Individuals within the Office of the Secretary and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were most central to the network, and those of highest rank were most likely to be central to the network (F = 4.03, p = .024). The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Food and Drug Administration, Health Resources and Services Administration, and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration had no or almost no contact with other agencies. There was considerable between-agency contact variability, and the CDC was the most central agency. DISCUSSION Tobacco control communication across DHHS agencies was present but extremely variable. This inconsistency may compromise the ability of the DHHS to address tobacco use, a critical public health problem, in a coordinated and efficient fashion. In light of the new leadership at DHHS, this analysis describes a systems approach that can be reimplemented as a means of understanding and improving communication and collaboration to improve public health.
Identification and properties of a novel clt locus in the Streptomyces phaeochromogenes plasmid pJV1

A novel clt locus required for efficient transfer of the Streptomyces phaeochromogenes plasmid pJV1 was identified and mapped. The clt region was functional in both orientations, and its absence caused a severe reduction in plasmid transfer. Chromosome mobilization, on the other hand, was not affected by absence of the clt locus. The clt region showed structural, but not sequence, similarity to transfer origins of gram-negative plasmids.
Species-Directed Therapy for Leishmaniasis in Returning Travellers: A Comprehensive Guide

Background Leishmaniasis is increasingly reported among travellers. Leishmania species vary in sensitivity to available therapies. Fast and reliable molecular techniques have made species-directed treatment feasible. Many treatment trials have been designed poorly, thus developing evidence-based guidelines for species-directed treatment is difficult. Published guidelines on leishmaniasis in travellers do not aim to be comprehensive or do not quantify overall treatment success for available therapies. We aimed at providing comprehensive species-directed treatment guidelines. Methodology/Principal Findings English literature was searched using PubMed. Trials and observational studies were included if all cases were parasitologically confirmed, the Leishmania species was known, clear clinical end-points and time points for evaluation of treatment success were defined, duration of follow-up was adequate and loss to follow-up was acceptable. The proportion of successful treatment responses was pooled using mixed effects methods to estimate the efficacy of specific therapies. Final ranking of treatment options was done by an expert panel based on pooled efficacy estimates and practical considerations. 168 studies were included, with 287 treatment arms. Based on Leishmania species, symptoms and geography, 25 clinical categories were defined and therapy options ranked. In 12/25 categories, proposed treatment agreed with highest efficacy data from literature. For 5/25 categories no literature was found, and in 8/25 categories treatment advise differed from literature evidence. For uncomplicated cutaneous leishmaniasis, combination of intralesional antimony with cryotherapy is advised, except for L. guyanensis and L. braziliensis infections, for which systemic treatment is preferred. Treatment of complicated (muco)cutaneous leishmaniasis differs per species. For visceral leishmaniasis, liposomal amphotericin B is treatment of choice. Conclusions/Significance Our study highlights current knowledge about species-directed therapy of leishmaniasis in returning travellers and also demonstrates lack of evidence for treatment of several clinical categories. New data can easily be incorporated in the presented overview. Updates will be of use for clinical decision making and for defining further research.
Relation of Burkitt's tumor-associated herpes-ytpe virus to infectious mononucleosis.

A herpes-type virus has been detected with remarkable frequency in cell lines derived from Burkitt's lymphomas, leukemic tissues, or buffy coats of a variety of patients and healthy donors. '-8 This agent is being named EB virus (EBV), for convenience, after the cell lines in which it was first observed. ' M\ost of the virus particles seen by electron microscopy in a small proportion of the cells are judged noninfectious because they are defective. " 9. 10 To date, EBV has been transmissible only to cultured human cells of the hematopoietic system. "'12 Virus-producing cells are readily detectable by indirect immunofluorescence tests with various human sera or by direct staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated human y-globulins. '3'-7 Attempts to identify the agent by appropriate virus-specific immunofluorescence tests have failed. Thus EBV appears to be a new member of the herpes group. '3-"5 From human serum surveys it is evident that infections by EBV, or a close relative of it, are frequent, and that the agent has a world-wide dissemination. "3 117, 18 The age distribution of antibodies to EBV among American children parallels that of antibodies to other common viruses, such as measles, mumps, or poliomyelitis in the prevaccination era. 18 Except for the fact that all Burkitt's tumor patients studied thus far'3 1' and a high percentage of patients with carcinomas of the postnasal spaces'9 were found to have high titers of antibodies to EBV antigens, no other suggestive relationship of the virus to known disease entities has been recorded. The present report indicates that EBV is related to, and probably the cause of, infectious mononucleosis. Materials and Methods. -The techniques for growth and maintenance of cell lines derived from Burkitt's tumors have been described, as well as the procedures for preparation of cell smears, detection of EB virus antigens, and corresponding antibodies by immunofluorescence.3, 16 Cells of the EB-3 line were routinely used, which had been kept for 4-7 days on arginine-deficient Eagle's basal medium with 25% fetal calf serum (BME25) obtained by preincubation at 370C for 7 days or merely by omission of the amino acid. The arginine deficiency inhibits cellular growth but increases the number of EBV antigen-producing cells by a factor of 5-10 (to be published). Results. -The indirect immunofluorescence test for antibodies to EB virus was used in a search for illnesses that might be caused by this agent. In one series of tests, paired acute stage and convalescent sera from pediatric patients with unidentifiable viral infections were examined with negative results.18 As another approach, serial sera were tested that had been collected from children in prospective studies of viral infections. Such sets of sera were kindly supplied by Dr. John P. Fox from the "New York Virus Watch," and by Dr. John H. Dingle from the Cleveland Family Study. Of the first group, 33 sets were examined that had been collected over periods of from one to four
CopperDroid: Automatic Reconstruction of Android Malware Behaviors

Mobile devices and their application marketplaces drive the entire economy of the today's mobile landscape. Android platforms alone have produced staggering revenues, exceeding five billion USD, which has attracted cybercriminals and increased malware in Android markets at an alarming rate. To better understand this slew of threats, we present CopperDroid, an automatic VMI-based dynamic analysis system to reconstruct the behaviors of Android malware. The novelty of CopperDroid lies in its agnostic approach to identify interesting OS- and high-level Android-specific behaviors. It reconstructs these behaviors by observing and dissecting system calls and, therefore, is resistant to the multitude of alterations the Android runtime is subjected to over its life-cycle. CopperDroid automatically and accurately reconstructs events of interest that describe, not only well-known process-OS interactions (e.g., file and process creation), but also complex intra- and inter-process communications (e.g., SMS reception), whose semantics are typically contextualized through complex Android objects. Because CopperDroid's reconstruction mechanisms are agnostic to the underlying action invocation methods, it is able to capture actions initiated both from Java and native code execution. CopperDroid's analysis generates detailed behavioral profiles that abstract a large stream of low-level—often uninteresting—events into concise, high-level semantics, which are well-suited to provide insightful behavioral traits and open the possibility to further research directions. We carried out an extensive evaluation to assess the capabilities and performance of CopperDroid on more than 2,900 Android malware samples. Our experiments show that CopperDroid faithfully reconstructs OS- and Android-specific behaviors. Additionally, we demonstrate how CopperDroid can be leveraged to disclose additional behaviors through the use of a simple, yet effective, app stimulation technique. Using this technique, we successfully triggered and disclosed additional behaviors on more than 60% of the analyzed malware samples. This qualitatively demonstrates the versatility of CopperDroid's ability to improve dynamic-based code coverage.
Repository Citation

The de novo centriole assembly pathway in HeLa cells: cell cycle progression and centriole assembly/ maturationThe de novo centriole assembly pathway in HeLa cells: cell cycle progression and centriole assembly/maturation" (2005). Sluder Lab. 9. The de novo centriole assembly pathway in HeLa cells: cell cycle progression and centriole assembly/maturation The de novo centriole assembly pathway in HeLa cells: cell cycle progression and centriole assembly/maturation t has been reported that nontransformed mammalian cells become arrested during G 1 in the absence of centrioles Here, we show that removal of resident centrioles (by laser ablation or needle microsurgery) does not impede cell cycle progression in HeLa cells. HeLa cells born without centrosomes, later, assemble a variable number of cen-trioles de novo. Centriole assembly begins with the formation of small centrin aggregates that appear during the S phase. These, initially amorphous " precentrioles " I become morphologically recognizable centrioles before mitosis. De novo–assembled centrioles mature (i.e., gain abilities to organize microtubules and replicate) in the next cell cycle. This maturation is not simply a time-dependent phenomenon, because de novo–formed centrioles do not mature if they are assembled in S phase–arrested cells. By selectively ablating only one centriole at a time, we find that the presence of a single centriole inhibits the assembly of additional centrioles, indicating that centrioles have an activity that suppresses the de novo pathway.
Statistical detection of quantitative protein biomarkers provides insights into signaling networks deregulated in acute myeloid leukemia

The increasing coverage and sensitivity of LC‐MS/MS‐based proteomics have expanded its applications in systems medicine. In particular, label‐free quantitation approaches are enabling biomarker discovery in terms of statistical comparison of proteomic profiles across large numbers of clinical samples. However, it still remains poorly understood how much protein markers can add novel insights compared to markers derived from mRNA transcriptomic profiling. Using paired label‐free LC‐MS/MS and gene expression microarray measurements from primary samples of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we demonstrate here that while the quantitative proteomic and transcriptomic profiles were highly correlated, in general, the marker panels showing statistically significant expression changes across the disease and healthy groups were profoundly different between protein and mRNA levels. In particular, the proteomic assay enabled unique links to known leukemic processes, which were missed when using the transcriptomic profiling alone, as well as identified additional links to metabolic regulators and chromatin remodelers, such as GPX1, fumarate hydratase, and SET oncogene, which have subsequently been evaluated in independent AML samples. Overall, these results highlighted the complementary and informative view obtained from the quantitative LC‐MS/MS approach into the AML deregulated signaling networks.
Is "Nonpropositional" Speech Preserved in Aphasia?

Twenty-eight aphasic patients were tested on six tasks designed to assess "nonpropositional" speech and six matched tasks designed to assess propositional speech. The most reliable differentiation between nonpropositional and propositional speech type behaviors within a group of aphasics was found for the Numbers and Picture naming tasks. A smaller effect was observed on the Days of the week and Phrase repetition tasks. Only 6 of the 28 patients consistently showed a nonpropositional advantage across the range of task comparisons. However, a principal components analysis extracted two factors which differentiated propositional from nonpropositional tasks reasonably well. We conclude that nonpropositional speech, to the extent that it is measured by these tasks, is not preserved in aphasics as a group, though some patients may show a fairly consistent nonpropositional advantage. The distinction between propositional and nonpropositional speech does appear to have some application to aphasia, however. An error analysis supports the conjecture that propositional tasks involve semantic processing while nonpropositional tasks may place a greater load on phonological processing.