Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of playfulness in the leisure stress-coping process among emerging adults: an SEM analysis

A benefit of playfulness is facilitating stress coping, and leisure has been identified as a coping strategy. However, no research has examined whether playfulness facilitates using leisure to cope with stress. The process theory of stress coping shows that using leisure to cope with stress is a process involving not only coping strategies, but also emotional response and comprehensive coping outcomes. However, no study has used the process theory to examine the role of playfulness in the leisure stress-coping process. This study surveyed 195 university students about their psychological stress, playfulness, emotions and quality of life. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data. Results suggest that being more playful leads university students to seek companionship through social leisure and to enhance mood through leisure pursuits but not use leisure to escape from stress. Results also support the process theory of stress coping by showing that personal factors like playfulness as well as emotional response and more comprehensive coping outcomes are important in the coping process.
Antecedents affecting public service motivation

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to examine various antecedents to establish their effect on public service motivation (PSM) and its four dimensions.Design/methodology/approach – Five categories of antecedents were examined these included: personal attributes, role states, job characteristics, employee‐leader relations, and employee perception of the organisation. Results were obtained through: structural equation modelling for the examination of multiple relationships between PSM and its dimensions, and the antecedents; and ANOVA for testing the individual hypotheses.Findings – This study provides some evidence to show that the PSM of public employees is mainly the result of the organisational environment surrounding them. The motivational context variables particularly those related to the organisational setting are the most dominant predictors of the PSM dimensions.Research limitations/implications – The empirical results presented in this study should be viewed as preliminary that necessitate .
Utilitarian, Managerial and Relational Theories of Corporate Social Responsibility

Concepts and theories of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have been examined and classified by scholars since the mid-1970s. However, owing to the evolving meaning of CSR and the huge number of scholars who have begun to analyze the issue in recent years fresh efforts are needed to understand new developments. Since there is a great heterogeneity of theories and approaches, the task remains a very hard one, mainly because heterogeneity derives from multi-disciplinary diversity. The criterion for selection is to consider the role that theorists confer to the firm. Following this idea, three groups of theories have been discerned: (1) the utilitarian group, in which the corporation is intended as a maximizing black box where problems of externalities and social costs emerge' (2) the managerial category, where problems of responsibility are approached from inside the firm (internal perspective)' (3) relational theories, or those in which the type of relations between the firm and the environment are at the center of the analysis. The three perspectives allow the reader to understand the most significant differences between the various theories of CSR. The objective is to classify the theories and to draw a map in which group specificities can be made available. This allows scholars to reach a better understanding of corporatesociety relations, and enhances developments both in theoretical and empirical terms.
Effect of small-sized liposomal Adriamycin administered by various routes on a metastatic breast cancer model.

The antitumor effects of small-sized liposomal Adriamycin (LADR) administered by various routes were investigated in rabbits bearing well-developed VX2 tumors in the mammary gland. Rabbits received s.c. or i.v. , or s.c. combined with i.v. , injections of LADR 6 weeks after tumor implantation. The i.v. route showed a significant inhibitory effect on breast tumors and distant metastases. In comparison, metastases in axillary and mediastinal lymph nodes were more efficiently inhibited after s.c. injection. LADR administered concurrently by both the i.v. and s.c. routes produced satisfactory therapeutic activities on both primary breast tumors and metastases in local-regional lymph nodes, lungs and liver, as shown by slowed growth rates, decreased mRNA expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and extensive necrosis and apoptosis of tumor cells. It is concluded that small-sized LADR administered s.c. provides reliable efficacy on lymphatic metastases of breast cancer and that the addition of treatment by the s.c. route to that by the conventional i.v. route can be recommended as a promising procedure to enhance chemotherapeutic effects in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
α‐Synuclein: The Long Distance Runner

Parkinson's disease is characterized by α‐synuclein pathology in the form of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Braak et al described the spatial and temporal spread of α‐synuclein pathology in Parkinson's disease. Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that α‐synuclein can transfer from cell to cell. In this review, we highlight the involvement of α‐synuclein in Parkinson's disease and in Braak's staging of Parkinson's disease pathology. We discuss whether a prion‐like mechanism of α‐synuclein spread might contribute to Parkinson's disease pathology. We describe recent studies investigating cell‐to‐cell transfer of α‐synuclein and focus our review on the long‐distance axonal transport of α‐synuclein along neurons.
Leadership and character

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine self‐assessed character among Australian managers in relation to selected demographic variables of these managers, and to establish the initial psychometric properties of the Virtuous Leadership Scale used to measure dimensions of character.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through a national online survey of managers utilizing the membership base of the Australian Institute of Management.Findings – The findings reveal that self‐assessed character is multifaceted and varies across specific demographics (gender, age, level of seniority, years as an executive), and is subject to some degree of social desirability bias. Further research is warranted to explore these outcomes and relationships.Research limitations/implications – The study is limited by national culture and management self‐report data that need verification across different national cultures, work settings, and work groups. The findings indicate that integrity is a key character.
Seeking Knowledge in Electronic Knowledge Repositories: An Exploratory Study

Knowledge is a critical resource that sustains strategic advantage in highly competitive organizational environments. Many organizations are turning to knowledge management (KM) initiatives and technologies to leverage their knowledge resources. A common form of such technologies is the electronic knowledge repository (EKR). Although EKRs have been in use for some time, there has been little empirical evidence about factors that affect usage of EKRs. This exploratory study formulates and tests a theoretical model that explains seeking behavior in an EKR. The data was collected through a survey of 128 knowledge workers. Results show that technology-related factors and organization-related factors directly impact seeking behavior, while task factors play a moderating role. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Reflections on Rhetoric, Deliberative Democracy, Civil Society, and Trust

The current discussion of deliberative democracy has largely omitted serious consideration of its rhetorical dimensions. We argue that such an omission keeps the discussion from focusing on how democracy actually works and from encouraging a culture of civic engagement that might make it work even better. We consider four problems in the current discussion, and suggest how a rhetorical understanding of deliberation might address them. We argue that the grassroots resources of civil society are the major cultural resource for deliberative democracy to thrive provided we nurture its rhetorical inflections. We further argue that such inflections may help us address the central problem a deliberative democracy must meet if it is to flourish under conditions of political pluralism: the problem of trust. We conclude by arguing that the rhetorical practices within and among civil society's public spheres are the relevant source for the social capital of trust on which deliberative democracy depends.
The Status of a Trainee Teacher with Mental Health Problems: Dilemmas on Inclusion and Exclusion in Higher Education

The case study reports on a 22-year old female pre-service student teacher pseudo-named P who dropped out of her training program at one of the universities in Brunei due to psychological problems. All the three universities in Brunei with both local and foreign students train teachers. For ethical reasons and information protection laws, the nationality, ethnicity and other identifying information of the student together with the institutional affiliation of the researcher are withheld throughout this study. An informal interview and the MMPI-2 evaluation confirmed that P had many severe mental-health problems that required a wide range of therapeutic interventions to address. Overall, the study illustrated how gender, interpersonal relationships, and culture interacted to cause distress for P. In addition the results demonstrated the plight of a tertiary student with mental-health problems in a developing country who seemed to be accorded low priority in comparison to peers with other severe disabilities. Moreover, the study also highlighted the importance of psychological assessment in educational counseling and the lack of adequate psychotherapy resources for students with high support-needs in mental-health. Appropriate intervention measures are recommended to reduce the wastage rate among vulnerable students with challenging behaviors in Brunei.
Examining Gender and the Academic Achievement of Students with Emotional Disturbance

Students with emotional disturbance (ED) have significant academic deficits (Trout, Nordness, Pierce, & Epstein, 2003; Lane, 2004). Even after identification and school intervention, students with ED continue to demonstrate limited academic achievement and high rates of drop out and school failure, with 80-90% scoring below grade level on tests of reading and math achievement (Anderson, Kutash, & Duchnowski, 2001). In two recent reviews of the academic performance of students with ED both Lane (2004) and Reid, Gonzalez, Nordness, Trout, & Epstein (2004) conclude that students with ED have broad academic deficits evident in multiple areas that do not appear to improve over time. While we have a preliminary understanding of the academic achievement of students with ED over time, the current literature is limited with regard to gender and ethnicity. The purpose of this paper is to share the findings from an analysis of the academic achievement of a nationally representative sample of students with ED over time. In this analysis, linear mixed model analyses were used to investigate data collected from the Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study (SEELS) database in 2001-2004 to explore gender as a predictor of academic performance. Preliminary findings with regard to gender are discussed.
Mouse Genetic Background Is a Major Determinant of Isotype-Related Differences for Antibody-Mediated Protective Efficacy against Cryptococcus neoformans12

The protective efficacy of mAbs to Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan depends on Ab isotype. Previous studies in A/JCr and C57BL/6J mice showed relative protective efficacy of IgG1, IgG2a ≫ IgG3. However, we now report that in C57BL/6J × 129/Sv mice, IgG3 is protective while IgG1 is not protective, with neither isotype being protective in 129/Sv mice. IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG3 had different effects on IFN-γ expression in infected C57BL/6J × 129/Sv mice. IgG1-treated C57BL/6J × 129/Sv mice had significantly more pulmonary eosinophilia than IgG2a- and IgG3-treated C57BL/6J × 129/Sv mice. C. neoformans infection and Ab administration had different effects on FcγRI, FcγRII, and FcγRIII expression in C57BL/6J, 129/Sv, and C57BL/6J × 129/Sv mice. Our results indicate that the relative efficacy of Ab isotype function against C. neoformans is a function of the genetic background of the host and that IgG3-mediated protection in C57BL/6J × 129/Sv mice was associated with lower levels of IFN-γ and fewer pulmonary eosinophils. The dependence of isotype efficacy on host genetics underscores a previously unsuspected complex relationship between the cellular and humoral arms of the adaptive immune response.
A Study in the Development of Music Listening Skills of Secondary School Students

In the classroom, we often count upon the mystical concept of "Music, the Universal Language," to make up for our shortcomings in communicating about our subject with our students. We talk about the composer and performer; we supply pertinent historical facts; we even make a few broad generalizations about the stylistic characteristics of the composition. Invariably, we come to a point where we step aside and let the music "speak for itself. " The student is now left to his own devices. He may fight the uphill battle to keep abreast of the music, or more commonly, he may slip into a socially conditioned response of pure revery.2
Do foreign language learners also have constructions ? Evidence from priming , sorting , and corpora *

In Construction Grammar, the ultimate grammatical unit is the construction, a conventionalized form-meaning pairing. We present interrelated evidence from three different methods, all of which speak in favor of attributing an ontological status to constructions for non-native speakers of English. Firstly, in a sentencefragment completion study with German learners of English, we obtained a significant priming effect between constructions. Secondly, these priming effects correlate strongly with the verb-construction preferences in native speaker corpora: verbs which are strongly associated with one construction resist priming to another semantically compatible construction; more importantly, the priming effects do not correlate with verb-construction preferences from German translation equivalents, ruling out a translational explanation. Thirdly, in order to rule out an alternative account in terms of syntactic rather than constructional priming, we present semantic evidence obtained by a sorting study, showing that subjects exhibited a strong tendency towards a construction-based sorting, which even reflects recent explanations of how constructions are related.
Artificial light at night: melatonin as a mediator between the environment and epigenome

The adverse effects of excessive use of artificial light at night (ALAN) are becoming increasingly evident and associated with several health problems including cancer. Results of epidemiological studies revealed that the increase in breast cancer incidents co-distribute with ALAN worldwide. There is compiling evidence that suggests that melatonin suppression is linked to ALAN-induced cancer risks, but the specific genetic mechanism linking environmental exposure and the development of disease is not well known. Here we propose a possible genetic link between environmental exposure and tumorigenesis processes. We discuss evidence related to the relationship between epigenetic remodelling and oncogene expression. In breast cancer, enhanced global hypomethylation is expected in oncogenes, whereas in tumour suppressor genes local hypermethylation is recognized in the promoter CpG chains. A putative mechanism of action involving epigenetic modifications mediated by pineal melatonin is discussed in relation to cancer prevalence. Taking into account that ALAN-induced epigenetic modifications are reversible, early detection of cancer development is of great significance in the treatment of the disease. Therefore, new biomarkers for circadian disruption need to be developed to prevent ALAN damage.
Spectral Energy Distributions of Passive T Tauri Disks: Inclination

We compute spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for passive T Tauri disks viewed at arbitrary inclinations. Semianalytic models of disks in radiative and hydrostatic equilibrium are employed. Over viewing angles for which the flared disk does not occult the central star, the SED varies negligibly with inclination. For such aspects, the SED shortward of ~80 μm is particularly insensitive to orientation, since short wavelength disk emission is dominated by superheated surface layers, which are optically thin. The SED of a nearly edge-on disk is that of a class I source. The outer disk occults inner disk regions, and emission shortward of ~30 μm is dramatically extinguished. Spectral features from dust grains may appear in absorption. However, millimeter-wavelength fluxes decrease by at most a factor of 2 from face-on to edge-on orientations. We present illustrative applications of our SED models. The class I source 04108+2803B is considered a T Tauri star hidden from view by an inclined circumstellar disk. Fits to its observed SED yield model-dependent values for the disk mass of ~0.015 M☉ and a disk inclination of ~65° relative to face-on. The class II source GM Aur represents a T Tauri star only slightly obscured by its circumstellar disk. Fitted parameters include a disk mass of ~0.050 M☉ and an inclination of ~60°, where the viewing angle is chosen to reproduce the observed visual extinction of AV = 0.5 mag.
Zu den Wirkungen von Lob und Tadel

A functional analysis of praise leads to the notion that the person who delivers praise can do this upon different grounds. Thus the person who is praised has to infer the intention lying behind the praising utterance. It seems that a behavioral explanation of the effect of praise and blame does not fit the phenomenon of "seemingly paradoxical effects" of praise which Meyer (1984) first discovered. Persons tend to believe that a pupil who is blamed for a result develops more self-confidence than a pupil who is praised for the same result. Meyer explains this by assuming a very complex process of inferences. The central assumption is that pupils believe that the teacher delivers his sanctions according to perceived differences in pupil effort. This theory is criticised. The effect is shown even if both pupils have invested the same amount of effort. Data shows that even here pupils tend to infer from teacher blame a concept of higher ability. The inference assumed is this: when the teacher believes a pupil is capable of more than another pupil he expects a better result. If the achieved result is lower than expected the teacher expresses his disappointment as a blaming utterance. The paradoxical effects of praise and blame can not be found in other than achievement-related situations. (DIPF/Orig.)
The Predictive Effects of L1 and L2 Early Literacy Indicators on Reading in French Immersion

This study explored the predictive effects of within- and cross-language early literacy indicators with regard to second language (L2) reading achievement in a Grade 3 entry-point French immersion (FI) program. Kindergarten students (N = 83) in a regular English program were administered English early literacy measures. Three years later, once students entered the FI, 56 students from the original cohort were reassessed using French literacy measures. This allowed for an examination of the long-term connections between first language (L1) early literacy indicators and L2 reading outcomes. Regression analysis revealed that L1 early literacy skills relating to aspects of phonological awareness and, more importantly, alphabetic knowledge were significant predictors of L2 reading even when school-based L2 learning was delayed several years. With respect to the French literacy indicators, knowledge of the alphabet and related measures were again significant predictors of L2 reading performance. The predictive effects of French indicators were significant even in the first few months of FI. These results provide additional information about the predictive effects of within- and cross-language early literacy indicators and the extent to which they can be used to identify students who may be at risk for reading difficulties in their L2.Cette recherche étudie l’effet prédictif des indicateurs de littératie précoce, pour une langue ou entre deux langues, sur la performance de lecture en langue seconde (L2) dans un programme d’immersion française (PIF) commençant en 3e année. On a mesuré la littératie d’élèves de maternelle (n = 83) inscrits dans un programme anglophone régulier. Trois ans plus tard, après leur entrée dans le PIF, on s’est servi des mesures de littératie du français pour réévaluer 56 de ces élèves. On a pu ainsi examiner les rapports à long terme entre les indicateurs de littératie précoce en langue première (L1) et les performances de lecture en L2. L’analyse de la régression révèle que les capacités de lecture et d’écriture précoces en langue première associées à la sensibilisation phonologique et, surtout, à la connaissance de l’alphabet sont des variables explicatives révélatrices des compétences de lecture en L2, même quand l’apprentissage scolaire de la L2 est repoussé de plusieurs années. En ce qui concerne les indicateurs de littératie en français, la connaissance de l’alphabet et les mesures connexes sont également révélatrices de la performance de lecture en L2. Les effets prédictifs des indicateurs pour le français étaient manifestes dès les premiers mois de l’immersion française. Ces résultats fournissent davantage d’information sur les effets prédictifs des indicateurs de littératie précoce pour une langue ou entre deux langues, et sur la pertinence de les employer pour reconnaître les élèves qui risquent d’éprouver des difficultés en lecture dans leur L2.
The Effect of Layoff on Police Authoritarianism

Researchers generally agree with the idea of the police personality; however, there exists disagreement as to whether it is primarily attributable to predispositional traits or on-the-job socialization. As a test of the two major theoretical models, two groups of recalled police officers who were laid off approximately one and two years, respectively, were administered the short-form Rokeach Dogmatism Scale. Employment status during layoff was considered essential in comparing authoritarian levels between the two groups. It was hypothesized that if authoritarian levels of both groups, regardless of layoff employment status, did not differ significantly, then the predispositional model would be supported. If the groups' levels of authoritarianism did vary significantly, then the socialization model would have merit. Although race and age are associated with authoritarianism levels, the results support the predispositional model. Implications from the findings are discussed.
Finding Influentials in Twitter: A Temporal Influence Ranking Model

With the growing popularity of online social media, identifying influential users in these social networks has become very popular. Existing works have studied user attributes, network structure and user interactions when measuring user influence. In contrast to these works, we focus on user behavioural characteristics. We investigate the temporal dynamics of user activity patterns and how these patterns affect user interactions. We assimilate such characteristics into a PageRank based temporal influence ranking model (TIR) to identify influential users. The transition probability in TIR is predicted by a logistic regression model and the random walk, biased according to users' temporal activity patterns. Experiments demonstrate that TIR has better performance and is more stable than the existing models in global influence ranking and friend recommendation.