Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of electromyographic and mechanomyographic biofeedback on upper trapezius muscle activity during standardized computer work

The purpose of this laboratory study was to investigate the effects of surface electromyography (EMG)- and mechanomyography (MMG)-based audio and visual biofeedback during computer work. Standardized computer work was performed for 3 min with/without time constraint and biofeedback in a randomized order. Biofeedback was given on the basis of an individual preset threshold value for the right trapezius EMG and MMG signal and a time factor (repetition of events above the threshold). The duration of muscle activity above the preset threshold, the right trapezius EMG and MMG root mean square (RMS) values as well as the work performance in terms of number of completed graph/mouse clicks/errors, the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and the usefulness of the biofeedback were assessed. The duration of muscle activity above the threshold was significantly lower with MMG compared with EMG as source of biofeedback (p < 0.05). Biofeedback led to a significant decrease in the right trapezius EMG RMS, lower RPE and decreased number of errors and mouse clicks, but also decreased number of completed graphs (p < 0.05). Audio and visual biofeedbacks were as effective. MMG-based biofeedback is a potential reliable alternative to EMG in ergonomics. A lowering of the trapezius muscle activity may contribute to diminish the risk of work related musculoskeletal disorders development.
Running head : INTELLIGENCE MODERATES REINFORCEMENT SIGNALS 1 Intelligence moderates neural responses to monetary reward and punishment 1

1 Intelligence moderates neural responses to monetary reward and punishment 1 Daniel R. Hawes 2 Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, 3 Colin G. DeYoung 4 Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota , 5 Jeremy R. Gray 6 Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 7 Aldo Rustichini 8 Department of Economics, University of Minnesota 9 10 This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (F32 MH077382 to 11 C.G.D.) and the National Science Foundation (DRL 0644131 to J.R.G., SES-1061817 to A. R.). 12 The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests. Any opinions, findings, and 13 conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not 14 necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. 15 The authors additionally thank technical support staff and seminar participants at the 16 University of Minnesota, as well as conference participants at the Annual Meeting for Cognitive 17 Neuroscience 2012 for valuable feedback; in particular we thank Edward Patzelt, Philip Burton, 18 Piotr Evdokimov, Rachael Grazioplene, Kim-Sau Chung, Claudia Civai, and Mauricio Delgado. 19 20 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Daniel R. Hawes 21 (email: rohan.hawes@gmail.com) 22 Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (February 12, 2014). doi:10.1152/jn.00393. 2013
Sport Management Research—What Progress Has Been Made?

This paper discusses the quantity and quality of administrative/management research in sport and physical education. The historical foundations of sport management are reviewed followed by a brief analysis of selected textbooks, and masters and doctoral studies. A shift to a slightly more theoretical perspective of the textbooks was noted. Theses tended to reflect a more theoretical orientation during the post-1965 period. The bulk of the research was descriptive in design and was directed toward post-secondary institutions. A major emphasis was on leaders and leadership behavior. The conclusions suggest that future research should improve the theoretical base and strive to make the knowledge sensible and useful. Additionally, increased attention to noneducational organizations is recommended.
Polarimetry as a tool to find and characterise habitable planets orbiting white dwarfs

Abstract There are several ways planets can survive the giant phase of the host star, hence one can consider the case of Earth-like planets orbiting white dwarfs. As a white dwarf cools from 6000 K to 4000 K, a planet orbiting at 0.01 AU from the star would remain in the continuous habitable zone (CHZ) for about 8 Gyr. Polarisation due to a terrestrial planet in the CHZ of a cool white dwarf (CWD) is 102 (104) times larger than it would be in the habitable zone of a typical M-dwarf (Sun-like star). Polarimetry is thus a powerful tool to detect close-in planets around white dwarfs. Multi-band polarimetry would also allow one to reveal the presence of a planet atmosphere, even providing a first characterisation. With current facilities a super-Earth-sized atmosphereless planet is detectable with polarimetry around the brightest known CWD. Planned future facilities render smaller planets detectable, in particular by increasing the instrumental sensitivity in the blue. Preliminary habitability study show also that photosynthetic processes can be sustained on Earth-like planets orbiting CWDs and that the DNA-weighted UV radiation dose for an Earth-like planet in the CHZ is less than the maxima encountered on Earth, hence white dwarfs are compatible with the persistence of complex life from the perspective of UV irradiation.
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: HIV-1 Vpu protein mediates the transport of potassium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpu is an integral membrane protein that belongs to the viroporin family. Viroporins interact with cell membranes triggering membrane permeabilization and promoting release of viral particles. In vitro electrophysiological methods have revealed changes in membrane ion currents when Vpu is present, however, in vivo the molecular mechanism of Vpu at the plasma membrane is still uncertain. We used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a genetic model system to analyze how Vpu ion channel impacts on cellular homeostasis. Inducible expression of Vpu impaired cell growth, suggesting that this viral protein is toxic to yeast cultures. This toxicity decreased with extracellular acidic pH. Also, Vpu toxicity diminished as extracellular K concentration was increased. However, expression of the Vpu protein suppresses the growth defect of K uptake-deficient yeast (Δtrk1,2). The phenotype rescue of these highly hyperpolarized cells was almost total when grown in medium supplemented with high concentrations of KCl (100 mM) and pH 7.0 but significantly reduced when extracellular K concentration or pH was decreased. These results indicate that Vpu has the ability to modify K transport in both yeast strains. Here, we show also that Vpu confers tolerance to the aminoglycoside antibiotic hygromycin B in Δtrk1,2 yeasts. Our results suggest that Vpu interferes with cell growth of wild-type yeast, but improves proliferation of hyperpolarized trk1,2 mutant by inducing plasma membrane depolarization. Furthermore, evaluation of ion channel activity of Vpu protein in Δtrk1,2 yeast could serve to develop a high-throughput screening assay for molecules that target the
Empirical modelling of the BLASTPol achromatic half-wave plate for precision submillimetre polarimetry

A cryogenic achromatic half-wave plate (HWP) for submillimetre astronomical polarimetry has been designed, manufactured, tested and deployed in the Balloon-borne Large-Aperture Submillimeter Telescope for Polarimetry (BLASTPol). The design is based on the five-slab Pancharatnam recipe and itworks in thewavelength range 200–600 μm, making it the broadestband HWP built to date at (sub)millimetre wavelengths. The frequency behaviour of the HWP has been fully characterized at room and cryogenic temperatures with incoherent radiation from a polarizing Fourier transform spectrometer. We develop a novel empirical model, complementary to the physical and analytical ones available in the literature, that allows us to recover the HWP Mueller matrix and phase shift as a function of frequency and extrapolated to 4 K. We show that most of the HWP non-idealities can be modelled by quantifying one wavelength-dependent parameter, the position of the HWP equivalent axes, which is then readily implemented in a map-making algorithm. We derive this parameter for a range of spectral signatures of input astronomical sources relevant to BLASTPol, and provide a benchmark example of how our method can yield improved accuracy on measurements of the polarization angle on the sky at submillimetre wavelengths.
The ATP-waiting conformation of rotating F1-ATPase revealed by single-pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer

F1-ATPase is an ATP-driven rotary motor in which a rod-shaped γ subunit rotates inside a cylinder made of α3β3 subunits. To elucidate the conformations of rotating F1, we measured fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between a donor on one of the three βs and an acceptor on γ in single F1 molecules. The yield of FRET changed stepwise at low ATP concentrations, reflecting the stepwise rotation of γ. In the ATP-waiting state, the FRET yields indicated a γ position ≈40° counterclockwise (= direction of rotation) from that in the crystal structures of mitochondrial F1, suggesting that the crystal structures mimic a metastable state before product release.
A virtual reality application for geometry classes

In communicating information about geometric figures, one drawing may be worth many hundreds of words and, therefore, visualisation aids for complicated three-dimensional (3-D) solid objects are very helpful for both teacher and students. This paper describes the use of the Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) to visualise 3-D objects for middle school geometry classes in a networked environment and shows its usefulness for both teacher and students. In class, the teachers use VRML objects retrieved from their server and students are allowed to explore these objects accessing the teachers' server via the world-wide web. A comparison of the test results from VRML-based geometry classes and traditional classes, that solely depend on verbal explanation with paper and pencil, show that the application of VRML-based 3-D objects has a positive affect on students' learning of geometric topics.
Bi-weekly docetaxel and 5-fluorouracil: an effective and feasible treatment for advanced gastric cancer with poor performance status

Background: The survival benefits from cytotoxic chemotherapy have been demonstrated in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). A large proportion of AGC patients initially present poor performance status (PS); however, most of the clinical evidence comes from trials on patients with good PS. A better-designed regimen is greatly needed for AGC patients with poor PS. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a modified combination regimen with docetaxel plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) every two weeks as first-line treatment in AGC patients with poor PS. Methods: From September 2011 to December 2013, 12 patients diagnosed with AGC with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS scores of 3 or 4 were included in this study. All the patients received docetaxel 60 mg/m2 on Day 1, 5-FU 400 mg/m2 intravenous (i.v.) bolus on Day 1, and a 46-hour continuous i.v. infusion of 5-FU 2400 mg/m2 every two weeks, until disease progressed or patients experienced unacceptable toxicity or declined treatment. Detailed clinical, pathologic and survival data were all recorded. Results: Eleven out of 12 patients were assessable for responses, whereas nine cases (75%) achieved partial response, one (8.3%) achieved stabilized disease, and one (8.3%) had progressive disease. The median progression-free survival was 6.5 months (95% CI: 4.8–8.2). The median overall survival was 12.0 months (95% CI: 9.0–15.0). The most common Grade 3/4 toxicities were anemia in seven patients (58.3%). No patient experienced febrile neutropenia. Conclusion: The novel modification of bi-weekly docetaxel and 5-FU is a promising treatment option for AGC with poor PS, showing great efficacy and acceptable toxicity.
Designed for unanticipated use: common artefacts as design principle for CSCW applications

Common artefacts have been identified as fundamental characteristics for framing activities in workplaces. Mike Robinson's article 'Design for unanticipated use. ' conceptualised and defined the dimensions of common artefacts as consisting of predictability, peripheral awareness, implicit communication, double level language and overview. These dimensions have often been used in explaining unexpected uses of different applications and systems. In this paper, experiences from common artefacts as CSCW application design principles, indicating that unanticipated uses are expected and further supported, are discussed. Two distinct cases, a physical room and a software application, are presented, and some examples of the realisation of different dimensions are elaborated. It is concluded that the support for common artefacts can be designed, to a certain extent, and that such support can make applications more suitable for unanticipated uses.
Monitoring in Language Perception: Mild and Strong Conflicts Elicit Different ERP Patterns

In the language domain, most studies of error monitoring have been devoted to language production. However, in language perception, errors are made as well and we are able to detect them. According to the monitoring theory of language perception, a strong conflict between what is expected and what is observed triggers reanalysis to check for possible perceptual errors, a process reflected by the P600. This is at variance with the dominant view that the P600 reflects syntactic reanalysis or repair, after syntactic violations or ambiguity. In the present study, the prediction of the monitoring theory of language perception was tested, that only a strong conflict between expectancies triggers reanalysis to check for possible perceptual errors, reflected by the P600. Therefore, we manipulated plausibility, and hypothesized that when a critical noun is mildly implausible in the given sentence (e.g., “The eye consisting of among other things a pupil, iris, and eyebrow …”), a mild conflict arises between the expected and unexpected event; integration difficulties arise due to the unexpectedness but they are resolved successfully, thereby eliciting an N400 effect. When the noun is deeply implausible however (e.g., “The eye consisting of among other things a pupil, iris, and sticker …”), a strong conflict arises; integration fails and reanalysis is triggered, eliciting a P600 effect. Our hypothesis was confirmed; only when the conflict between the expected and unexpected event is strong enough, reanalysis is triggered.
Pro-social behavior in rats is modulated by social experience

In mammals, helping is preferentially provided to members of one’s own group. Yet, it remains unclear how social experience shapes pro-social motivation. We found that rats helped trapped strangers by releasing them from a restrainer, just as they did cagemates. However, rats did not help strangers of a different strain, unless previously housed with the trapped rat. Moreover, pair-housing with one rat of a different strain prompted rats to help strangers of that strain, evidence that rats expand pro-social motivation from one individual to phenotypically similar others. To test if genetic relatedness alone can motivate helping, rats were fostered from birth with another strain and were not exposed to their own strain. As adults, fostered rats helped strangers of the fostering strain but not rats of their own strain. Thus, strain familiarity, even to one’s own strain, is required for the expression of pro-social behavior. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.01385. 001
Rhizoma Dioscoreae Extract Protects against Alveolar Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats via microRNAs Regulation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteoprotective effect of aqueous Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract (RDE) on the alveolar bone of rats with ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Female Wistar rats underwent either ovariectomy or sham operation (SHAM). The ovariectomized (OVX) rats were treated with vehicle (OVX), estradiol valerate (EV), or RDE. After treatments, the bone mineral density (BMD) and the three-dimensional microarchitecture of the alveolar bone were analyzed to assess bone mass. Microarrays were used to evaluate microRNA expression profiles in alveolar bone from RDE-treated and OVX rats. The differential expression of microRNAs was validated using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and the target genes of validated microRNAs were predicted and further analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The key findings were verified using qRT-PCR. Our results show that RDE inhibits alveolar bone loss in OVX rats. Compared to the OVX rats, the RDE-treated rats showed upregulated expression levels of 8 microRNAs and downregulated expression levels of 8 microRNAs in the alveolar bone in the microarray analysis. qRT-PCR helped validate 13 of 16 differentially expressed microRNAs, and 114 putative target genes of the validated microRNAs were retrieved. The IPA showed that these putative target genes had the potential to code for proteins that were involved in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)/Smad signaling pathway (Tgfbr2/Bmpr2, Smad3/4/5, and Bcl-2) and interleukin (IL)-6/oncostatin M (OSM)/Jak1/STAT3 signaling pathway (Jak1, STAT3, and Il6r). These experiments revealed that RDE could inhibit ovariectomy-induced alveolar bone loss in rats. The mechanism of this anti-osteopenic effect in alveolar bone may involve the simultaneous inhibition of bone formation and bone resorption, which is associated with modulation of the TGF-β/BMPs/Smad and the IL-6/OSM/Jak1/STAT3 signaling pathways via microRNA regulation.
Mac-1 ( CD 11 b / CD 18 ) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat liver

AKIRA KOBAYASHI,1 HIROSHI IMAMURA,1 MITSUAKI ISOBE,2 YUTAKA MATSUYAMA,3 JUNPEI SOEDA,1 KOTARO MATSUNAGA,4 AND SEIJI KAWASAKI1 1First Department of Surgery and 4Second Department of Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621; 2Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; and 3Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
Surgical competency in residents

Purpose of the review To review the literature for recent work that will help educators develop programs to produce residents who are competent cataract surgeons. Recent findings Medical educators feel increasing pressure from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) to emphasize competence in our residency program graduates. Residency program director and resident graduate surveys show problems in our ability to produce cataract surgeons competent in all areas. The resident surgery learning curve increases the risk of complications in early cases. Several recent papers address curriculum development, which may be of interest to cataract teachers and program directors. Assessment of surgical skill continues to be an area of interest and has prompted some interesting work. The use of simulation with wet laboratories and computer devices is of increasing interest in an effort to hasten the learning curve. Summary An organized surgical curriculum with defined expectations using simulation and assessment tools will help residency programs meet ACGME mandates. A competent resident in cataract surgery will have to develop skills in all of the six ACGME competencies. Several recent articles address these issues.
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 levels vary exponentially over a physiologically relevant range of O 2 tension

Jiang, Bing-Hua, Gregg L. Semenza, Christian Bauer, and Hugo H. Marti. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 levels vary exponentially over a physiologically relevant range of O2 tension. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (CeZZ PhysioZ. 40): Cll72-C1180, 1996. -Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric basic helix-loop-helix protein implicated in the transcriptional activation of genes encoding erythropoietin, glycolytic enzymes, and vascular endothelial growth factor in hypoxic mammalian cells. In this study, we have quantitated HIF-1 DNA-binding activity and protein levels of the HIF-lcx and HIF-ll3 subunits in human HeLa cells exposed to O2 concentrations ranging from 0 to 20% in the absence or presence of 1 mM KCN to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and cellular O2 consumption. HIF-1 DNA-binding activity, HIF-lcx protein, and HIF-ll3 protein each increased exponentially as cells were subjected to decreasing 02 concentrations, with a halfmaximal response between 1.5 and 2% 02 and a maximal response at 0.5% 02, both in the presence and absence of KCN. The HIF-1 response was greatest over 02 concentrations associated with ischemic/hypoxic events in vivo. These results provide evidence for the involvement of HIF-1 in O2 homeostasis and represent a functional characterization of the putative O2 sensor that initiates hypoxia signal transduction leading to HIF-1 expression.
Study on SF6 decomposition characteristics under thermal fault and its representation method

SF<sub>6</sub> electrical equipments always occur thermal fault developed from local overheating by poor contact. To find out SF<sub>6</sub> decomposition characteristics under thermal fault temperature and improve the method of using the decomposed components of SF<sub>6</sub> to indentify electrical fault, this paper exploited SF<sub>6</sub> thermal decomposition model to conduct serials of experiments. This paper firstly revealed the SF<sub>6</sub> thermal decomposition initial temperature. Then it found out the types of decomposed components, analyzed their formation regularity and identified the most stable characteristic components in SF<sub>6</sub> thermal decomposition. Finally, a representation method was established by using characteristic component to represent the thermal fault information. The results show that: SF<sub>6</sub> begins to decompose at 300°C and it contains CO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>, SOF<sub>2</sub>, SOF<sub>4</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S, but no CF<sub>4</sub>; the improvement of fault temperature will promote the formation of decomposed components, but the influence regularity of each component is different; the established correlation picture and diagnosis table can effectively represent SF<sub>6</sub> fault temperature information.
Trichostatin A and Structurally Related Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Induce 5-Lipoxygenase Promoter Activity

Abstract 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) mRNA expression in Mono Mac 6 cells is induced by the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TsA). In order to study the effects of TsA and several structurally related compounds such as MD85, D237 and M232 on 5-LO promoter activity, we have analyzed the response of a 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) promoter luciferase reporter gene construct to histone deacetylase inhibitors in transiently transfected Mono Mac 6 and HeLa cells. We show that the activity of 5-LO promoter constructs comprising the sequences -778 to +53 and of several successive deletions of the 5-LO promoter is strongly increased upon TsA treatment. The data suggest a significant involvement of histone deacetylases in the regulation of 5-LO gene transcription. The basal activity of the 5-LO promoter strongly depends on the presence of multiple Sp1-binding sites (GC-boxes), five of which are positioned in tandem. Deletion of the five tandemized GCboxes in the 5-LO reporter gene construct revealed that the induction of 5-LO promoter activity by TsA seems to be independent of these GCboxes. Methylation of 5-LO reporter gene constructs by M.HpaII reduced 5-LO promoter activity but did not prevent induction of promoter activity by TsA, although the activated reporter gene activities were lower compared to the unmethylated plasmid, indicating the dominance of methylation over TsA-sensitive histone deacetylation in silencing of the 5-LO gene. The structure-activity data obtained for histone deacetylase inhibitors suggest that this assay system might serve as a cellular screening tool for the development of HDAC inhibitors.