Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solving quadratic assignment problems with the cunning ant system

In a previous paper, we proposed a variant of the ACO algorithm called the cunning ant system (cAS) and evaluated it using TSP instances in the TSPLIB. The results showed that it could be one of the most promising ACO algorithms. In this paper, we applied cAS to solving the QAP and showed cAS has promising performance on the QAP as well. We introduced the entropy measure to evaluate the diversity of pheromone density and to analyze the convergence process of cAS. The results clearly showed evidence that the cunning scheme in cAS is effective in maintaining diversity of pheromone density and leads to successful search. The effectiveness of cAS was also confirmed when it was combined with the taboo local search.
Conceptual Structure of HIV+ Women With PTSD: Trauma Construct Elaboration

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can result in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as events related to illness act as traumatic stressors. This study tested some basic hypotheses of Sewell and Cromwell's personal construct model of PTSD in HIV+ women both with and without diagnoses of PTSD. Trauma-related constructs of HIV+ women with PTSD with HIV+ non-PTSD controls at varying stages of illness were compared. The elaboration, rankings, and valence of trauma-related constructs were examined using the Life Events Repertory Grid (LERG) procedure. Findings provided evidence that a clinical diagnosis of PTSD in women was not associated with the degree of construct elaboration. These findings may imply a qualitative difference in cognitive processing of social stressors and violent stressors.
Concurrent control with “readers” and “writers”

The problem of the mutual exclusion of several independent processes from simultaneous access to a “critical section” is discussed for the case where there are two distinct classes of processes known as “readers” and “writers. ” The “readers” may share the section with each other, but the “writers” must have exclusive access. Two solutions are presented: one for the case where we wish minimum delay for the readers; the other for the case where we wish writing to take place as early as possible.
Under-reliance on the decision aid: A difference in calibration and attribution between self and aid

It is often assumed that two heads are better than one, but reliance on decision aids is often inappropriate. Decisions to rely on an aid are thought to be based on a comparison between the perceived reliability of own performance and that of the decision aid. Unfortunately, perceived reliabilities are unlikely to be perfectly calibrated. This may result in inappropriate decisions to rely on advice. In a laboratory experiment with 40 participants, we studied whether calibration improves after practice, whether calibration of own reliability differs from calibration of the aid's reliability and whether unreliability of the aid is attributed differently. Under-trust in own reliability disappears after practice but under-trust in the aid's reliability persists. Unreliability of the decision aid is less likely to be attributed to temporary, external and uncontrollable factors. This asymmetry in attribution and calibration may explain under-reliance on decision aids. Language: en
Remifentanil infusion for cardiac catheterization in children with congenital heart disease

Background: Cardiac catheterization of children with congenital heart disease is increasingly being performed under general anesthesia. Haemodynamic stability during anesthesia and fast and adequate recovery after the procedure is crucial in these patients. We performed a pilot study to evaluate hemodynamic stability when using remifentanil for anesthesia during cardiac catheterization. We also evaluated extubation times and recovery characteristics.
'Localised creativity: a life span perspective'

This thesis is based around a biographic study of the lives of 40 individuals (24 men and 16 women) with a reputation for creative work in a localised context (such as an organisation). The study examines life span development patterns from birth to middle age (45 - 60 years of age) with data gained by biographic interview and thematic analysis. Participants selected for this study are creative in that they have a reputation for producing new, novel and useful or appropriate contributions in their 'local' setting. The study identifies two main paths to 'local' creativity within this sample. First, participants who found and related to a particular area during childhood and adolescence and developed this relationship and work from that time through their adult lives. Second, participants who, although they generally demonstrated an interest in their subsequent creative work in early life did not understand this until some later time, and consequently started developing this area later. On the whole these two groups present different patterns of childhood experience, ways of locating their domain of work, association with influential adults or role models, and changes between domains and fields of work. Their midlife experiences are similar. From midlife and middle age there are fewer differences. The findings also serve to illustrate the contribution of support received from parents and teachers in early life to creative development. They also indicate that even if a young person does not identify a domain of work activity in early life this can be found later - and that support for work in this area is usually received from influential adults and role models in their work and learning environment. Various other factors have also been considered.
Biomimetic Active Touch with Fingertips and Whiskers

This study provides a synthetic viewpoint that compares, contrasts, and draws commonalities for biomimetic perception over a range of tactile sensors and tactile stimuli. Biomimetic active perception is formulated from three principles: (i) evidence accumulation based on leading models of perceptual decision making; (ii) action selection with an evidence-based policy, here based on overt focal attention; and (iii) sensory encoding of evidence based on neural coding. Two experiments with each of three biomimetic tactile sensors are considered: the iCub (capacitive) fingertip, the TacTip (optical) tactile sensor, and BIOTACT whiskers. For each sensor, one experiment considers a similar task (perception of shape and location) and the other a different tactile perception task. In all experiments, active perception with a biomimetic action selection policy based on focal attention outperforms passive perception with static or random action selection. The active perception also consistently reaches superresolved accuracy (hyperacuity) finer than the spacing between tactile elements. Biomimetic active touch thus offers a common approach for biomimetic tactile sensors to accurately and robustly characterize and explore non-trivial, uncertain environments analogous to how animals perceive the natural world.
Regulation of the Human Cardiac Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake by 2 Different Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels

Background— Impairment of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial function has been implicated in the development of cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is thought to be mediated by the Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and a thus far speculative non-MCU pathway. However, the identity and properties of these pathways are a matter of intense debate, and possible functional alterations in diseased states have remained elusive. Methods and Results— By patch clamping the inner membrane of mitochondria from nonfailing and failing human hearts, we have identified 2 previously unknown Ca2+-selective channels, referred to as mCa1 and mCa2. Both channels are voltage dependent but differ significantly in gating parameters. Compared with mCa2 channels, mCa1 channels exhibit a higher single-channel amplitude, shorter openings, a lower open probability, and 3 to 5 subconductance states. Similar to the MCU, mCa1 is inhibited by 200 nmol/L ruthenium 360, whereas mCa2 is insensitive to 200 nmol/L ruthenium 360 and reduced only by very high concentrations (10 &mgr;mol/L). Both mitochondrial Ca2+ channels are unaffected by blockers of other possibly Ca2+-conducting mitochondrial pores but were activated by spermine (1 mmol/L). Notably, activity of mCa1 and mCa2 channels is decreased in failing compared with nonfailing heart conditions, making them less effective for Ca2+ uptake and likely Ca2+-induced metabolism. Conclusions— Thus, we conclude that the human mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is mediated by these 2 distinct Ca2+ channels, which are functionally impaired in heart failure. Current properties reveal that the mCa1 channel underlies the human MCU and that the mCa2 channel is responsible for the ruthenium red–insensitive/low-sensitivity non-MCU–type mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake.
Handbook of gerontology : evidence-based approaches to theory, practice, and policy

Preface. About the Editors. Contributors. PART I: INTRODUCTION. 1 Global Aging (Karen M. Sowers and William S. Rowe). PART II: EVIDENCE-BASED THEORY. 2 Biological Aspects and Theories of Aging (Laura J. Pankow and Jeffrey M. Solotoroff). 3 Cognitive and Affective Theories of Adult Development (Bert Hayslip Jr. and Benjamin P. Chapman). 4 Personality Theories of Successful Aging (Natalie C. Ebner and Alexandra M. Freund). 5 Wisdom, Life Longings, and Optimal Development (Susanne Scheibe, Ute Kunzmann, and Paul B. Baltes). 6 Sociological Approaches to Understanding Age and Aging (Debra A. Street). PART III: EVIDENCE-BASED HEALTH PRACTICE. 7 Health Promotion (Jill Bradshaw and Waldo C. Klein). 8 Disability (Elizabeth Lightfoot). 9 Sleep Disturbances (Mary Ann Leitz). 10 Sexuality and Intimacy (Linda J. Brock and Glen Jennings). 11 Depression (Leslie Hasche and Nancy Morrow-Howell). 12 Substance Abuse (Noell L. Rowan and Anna C. Faul). 13 Alzheimer's Disease (Masahiro Shigeta and Akira Homma). 14 Grief and Bereavement (Robert O. Hansson, Bert Hayslip Jr., and Margaret S. Stroebe). PART IV: EVIDENCE-BASED FAMILY AND COMMUNITY PRACTICE. 15 Parenting Grandchildren (Hwa-Ok Hannah Park and Jan Steven Greenberg). 16 Family Caregiving (Rhonda J. V. Montgomery, Jeannine M. Rowe, and Karl Kosloski). 17 Community- and Facility-Based Care (Gretchen E. Alkema, Kathleen H. Wilber, and Susan M. Enguidanos). 18 Elder Abuse (Patricia Brownell and Gina R. Rosich). 19 Health Decisions and Directives about the End of Life (Jay Wolfson and Rebecca Morgan). PART V: CONCLUSION. 20 Global Challenges for an Aging Population (Jeanette C. Takamura). Author Index. Subject Index.
Clinical guide to depression in children and adolescents

Introduction. Part I: Clinical Manifestations of Depressive Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Clinical manifestations and developmental psychopathology of depression. Epidemiology and etiology of depressive disorders. Neurobiology of depression. Chronobiology of seasonal mood disorders. Relationship between depression and suicidal behavior. Part II: Diagnostic Assessment and Treatment of Depressive Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Standardized approaches to clinical assessment of depression. Dynamic psychotherapy of depression. Group therapy of depression. Cognitive therapy of depression. Pharmacological treatment of major depression. Inpatient treatment of depression. Part III: Bipolar Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Bipolar disorders: natural history, genetic studies, and follow-up. Bipolar disorders: clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Index.
Answer Changing On Objective Tests: Some Implications for Test Validity

THE reluctance of students to change their responses to objective test items may appear illogical to anyone who views the testtaking process in a simplistic manner. Since the objective in virtually all achievement testing situations is a maximum test score, it would certainly seem advisable to change one’s response(s) whenever the change(s) will contribute to that score. However, the decision as to when to change B response hinges on n highIy subjective “degree of belief” in the correctness of an item option. This belief, which probably is the result of a highly personal weighting of many factors, would probably shorn a great deal of variability across an apparently homogeneous group of subjects. Surprisingly, the research evidence on the question of answerchanging is scanty and often methodologically deficient. For instance, although the belief among students (and instructors) that “first impressions are best” seems widespread, apparently the only published deliberate survey of student opinions appeared over 40 years ago (Mathews, 1929). Although his data indicated that students felt answers should not be changed, an examination of their answer sheets revealed that answer-changing should be encouraged, since the typical result was an improvement in test score. A number of studies on the effects of answer-changing (Lehman, 1928; Jarrett, 1948; Reile and Briggs, 1952; Bath, 1967; Reiling and Taylor, 1972) have concluded that there is a relationship between total test scores and types of changes made. That is, better students gain more than poorer students when answers are changed. One must be aware of a possible tautology, however, since the strat-
How the Cold War Transformed Philosophy of Science: To the Icy Slopes of Logic

1. An introduction to logical empiricism and the Unity of Science Movement in the Cold War 2. Otto Neurath, Rudolf Carnap, Charles Morris and Philipp Frank: political philosophers of science 3. Leftist philosophy of science in America and the reception of logical empiricism in New York City 4. 'Doomed in advance to defeat'? John Dewey on reductionism, values and the International Encyclopedia of Unified Science 5. Red philosophy of science: Blumberg, Malisoff, Somerville and early philosophy of science 6. The view from the left: logical empiricism and radical philosophers 7. The view from the far left: logical empiricism and communist philosophers 8. Postwar disillusionment, anti-intellectualism, and the values debate 9. Horace Kallen's attack on the unity of science 10. Creeping totalitarianism, creeping scholasticism: Neurath, Frank, and the trouble with semantics 11. Frank's neurathian crusade: science, enlightenment, and values 12. 'A very fertile field for investigation': anticollectivism and anticommunism in popular and academic culture 13. Anticommunism investigations, loyalty oaths, and the wrath of Sidney Hook 14. Competing programs for postwar philosophy of science 15. Freedom celebrated: the professional decline of Philipp Frank and the Unity of Science Movement 16. The marginalization of Charles Morris 17. Values, axioms and the icy slopes of logic 18. Professionalism, power and what might have been.
International Journal of General Medicine Dovepress Lenke and King Classification Systems for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Interobserver Agreement and Postoperative Results

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the interobserver agreement of the Lenke and King classifications for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and to compare the results of surgery performed based on classification of the scoliosis according to each of these classification systems. First, a reliability assessment was undertaken to assess interobserver agreement of the Lenke and King classifications for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Second, postoperative efficacy and safety of surgery performed based on the Lenke and King classifications were compared. Kappa coefficients of agreement were calculated to assess the agreement. Outcomes were compared using bivariate tests and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: A low to moderate interobserver agreement was observed for the King classification; the Lenke classification yielded mostly high agreement coefficients. The outcome of surgery was not found to be substantially different between the two systems. Conclusion: Based on the results, the Lenke classification method seems advantageous. This takes into consideration the Lenke classification's priority in providing details of curvatures in different anatomical surfaces to explain precise intensity of scoliosis, that it has higher inter-observer agreement scores, and also that it leads to noninferior postoperative results compared with the King classification method.
The Use of Literature to Combat Bullying

: Bullying is a pervasive phenomenon. This study examined what teachers think encourages bullying among young people, and what effects teachers believe reader response strategies would have on their students. The study found teachers implementing reader response strategies in discussing literature were able to influence behavior in students and reduce bullying. Bullying is a pervasive phenomenon in our society that negatively affects today’s youth. Research the phenomena of bullying many for educators these Teachers are providers of counseling, serve as surrogate parents are role models a result, teachers are in unique observe bullying and model students should handle bullying teachers students’
Health and Ritual in Morocco: Conceptions of the Body and Healing Practices

Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Notions of the Person 2. Purity and Impurity: What Enters and Leaves the Body 3. The Body of the Rite: Gender and Social Ages 4. Plural Notions of Illness and Treatment 5. Among the jnun: Possessions, Magic and Psychosomatic Affflictions 6. Sexuality and Reproduction Conclusions Glossary Bibliography Index
A Graph-based Semi-Supervised Learning for Question-Answering

We present a graph-based semi-supervised learning for the question-answering (QA) task for ranking candidate sentences. Using textual entailment analysis, we obtain entailment scores between a natural language question posed by the user and the candidate sentences returned from search engine. The textual entailment between two sentences is assessed via features representing high-level attributes of the entailment problem such as sentence structure matching, question-type named-entity matching based on a question-classifier, etc. We implement a semi-supervised learning (SSL) approach to demonstrate that utilization of more unlabeled data points can improve the answer-ranking task of QA. We create a graph for labeled and unlabeled data using match-scores of textual entailment features as similarity weights between data points. We apply a summarization method on the graph to make the computations feasible on large datasets. With a new representation of graph-based SSL on QA datasets using only a handful of features, and under limited amounts of labeled data, we show improvement in generalization performance over state-of-the-art QA models.
The governance of science : ideology and the future of the open society

Part 1 The political and material conditions of scientific inquiry: science as the open society and its ideological deformations the role of scale in the scope of scientific governance. Part 2 The university as a site for the governance of science: the historical interdependence of the university and knowledge production multiculturalism's challenge to academic integrity, or a tale of two churches the university as a capitalism's final frontier, or the fading hope for enlightment in a complex world. Part 3 The secularization of science and a new deal for science policy: sociology as both sanctifier and secularizer of science the road not taken -revisiting the original new deal - elements for a new constitutions of science.
Fractionating the Default Mode Network: Distinct Contributions of the Ventral and Dorsal Posterior Cingulate Cortex to Cognitive Control

The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is a central part of the default mode network (DMN) and part of the structural core of the brain. Although the PCC often shows consistent deactivation when attention is focused on external events, anatomical studies show that the region is not homogeneous, and electrophysiological recordings in nonhuman primates suggest that it is directly involved in some forms of attention. We report a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of an attentionally demanding task (either a zero- or two-back working memory task). Standard subtraction analysis within the PCC shows a relative deactivation as task difficulty increases. In contrast, a dual-regression functional connectivity analysis reveals a clear dissociation between ventral and dorsal parts of the PCC. As task difficulty increases, the ventral PCC shows reduced integration within the DMN and less anticorrelation with the cognitive control network (CCN) activated by the task. The dorsal PCC shows an opposite pattern, with increased DMN integration and more anticorrelation. At rest, the dorsal PCC also shows functional connectivity with both the DMN and attentional networks. As expected, these results provide evidence that the PCC is involved in supporting internally directed thought, as the region is more highly integrated with the DMN at low task demands. In contrast, the task-dependent increases in connectivity between the dorsal PCC and the CCN are consistent with a role for this region in modulating the dynamic interaction between these two networks controlling the efficient allocation of attention.
Programmers ’ handbook for Manchester electronic computer Universal Turing Machine

Multimodal technology and red-black trees have gar-nered profound interest from both end-users and biologists in the last several years. Of course, this is not always the case. After years of confirmed research into Internet QoS, we validate the evaluation of XML, which embodies the confirmed principles of theory. We concentrate our efforts on disconfirm-ing that web browsers can be made interposable, mobile , and ubiquitous.
Sentiment Flow Through Hyperlink Networks

How does sentiment flow through hyperlink networks? Earlier work on hyperlink networks has focused on the structure of the network, often modeling posts as nodes in a directed graph in which edges represent hyperlinks. At the same time, sentiment analysis has largely focused on classifying texts in isolation. Here we analyze a large hyperlinked network of mass media and weblog posts to determine how sentiment features of a post affect the sentiment of connected posts and the structure of the network itself. We explore the phenomena of sentiment flow through experiments on a graph containing nearly 8 million nodes and 15 million edges. Our analysis indicates that (1) nodes are strongly influenced by their immediate neighbors, (2) deep cascades lead complex but predictable lives, (3) shallow cascades tend to be objective, and (4) sentiment becomes more polarized as depth increases.
Multiparty Negotiation Support: The Role of Visualization’s Influence on the Development of Shared Mental Models

The study examines a method for supporting multiparty negotiations by means of a Negotiation Support System (NSS). More specifically, this study investigated the effect of visualization support on the development of shared mental models among negotiators who resolved a spatial planning dispute. The objective of this study is to determine how to support the development of shared mental models in order to stimulate more productive negotiations. Afurther goal is to provide guidelines for the design of NSS. Compared with a control condition, visualization improved three aspects of negotiations: visualization support aided negotiators' convergence of perceptions of reality and had positive socio-emotional consequences in terms of increasing cohesiveness and entitativity. As a result, groups with visualization support reached consensus more easily and were more satisfied with the process. In sum, the current study provides support for the idea that presenting negotiators with unambiguous information helps negotiators develop shared mental models.