Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-Channel-Effect Modeling of DG-FETs Using Voltage-Doping Transformation Featuring FD/PD Modes

The virtual-cathode approach to modeling short-channel effects in deep-nanoscaled MOSFETs (with gate length of less than 25 nm) is increasingly viewed as a vital means in MOS compact modeling. To achieve analytical solution to the 2-D Poisson's equation, the voltage-doping transformation is adopted to map 2-D electrostatics, including drain-induced barrier lowering, into an equivalent 1-D form at the point of virtual cathode. To accommodate both full-depletion and partial-depletion operation modes, contributions to space charge from electrons and holes are all considered. Models for subthreshold swing and threshold-voltage rolloff are further developed, and the accuracy of the overall model is verified through numerical device simulation.
Adaptive Sensing of Congested Spectrum Bands

Cognitive radios process their sensed information collectively in order to opportunistically identify and access underutilized spectrum segments (spectrum holes). Due to the transient and rapidly varying nature of the spectrum occupancy, the cognitive radios (secondary users) must be agile in identifying the spectrum holes in order to enhance their spectral efficiency. We propose a novel adaptive procedure to reinforce the agility of the secondary users for identifying multiple spectrum holes simultaneously over a wide spectrum band. This is accomplished by successively exploring the set of potential spectrum holes and progressively allocating the sensing resources to the most promising areas of the spectrum. Such exploration and resource allocation results in conservative spending of the sensing resources and translates into very agile spectrum monitoring. The proposed successive and adaptive sensing procedure is in contrast to the more conventional approaches that distribute the sampling resources equally over the entire spectrum. Besides improved agility, the adaptive procedure requires less-stringent constraints on the power of the primary users to guarantee that they remain distinguishable from the environment noise and renders more reliable spectrum hole detection.
Right–Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation Differentially Moderate Intergroup Effects on Prejudice

Research has shown that two individual difference dimensions, Right–Wing authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), consistently predict prejudice. Traditionally it has been assumed that RWA and SDO both index generalized dispositions to dislike outgroups and those who differ, and therefore predict prejudice similarly. An alternative approach suggests that RWA and SDO express different motivational bases for prejudice that differentially interact with intergroup conditions to predict prejudice. This was tested by investigating students’ reactions to varying descriptions of a bogus immigrant group. As hypothesized, the degree to which RWA and SDO predicted opposition to the immigrants was differentially contingent on the degree to which the immigrants were described as economically competitive, socially threatening (deviant) and socio–economically disadvantaged. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Clinical Features of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infections Are Associated with Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genes and Their Expression on the Surface of Natural Killer Cells

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes are known to play a role in the acute phase of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The present study investigated their roles in chronic HCV (CHCV) infection by analyzing the phenotypes and function of natural killer (NK) and T cells that express KIRs. T cells from CHCV patients showed a more differentiated phenotype, and NK cells exhibited an activated profile. These observations are consistent with the increased expression of the degranulation marker CD107a observed after PMA stimulation. We explored the correlations between the expression of KIR genes and lectin type-C receptors with clinical factors that predict progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The expression levels of KIR2DS3 and the functional alleles of KIR2DS4-FL were increased in patients with intermediate and high viral loads. Homozygous KIR2DS4 was also associated with the presence of cirrhosis. In the group of individuals with a shorter infection time who developed cirrhosis, we detected decreased expression of KIR3DL1 in CD56dim NK cells in the presence of its ligand. Similarly, in the group of patients with late CHCV infections complicated with cirrhosis, we detected lower expression of the strong inhibitory receptor NKG2A in CD56bright NK cells. We also detected an increase in NKG2C expression in CD56dim NK cells in CHCV patients who displayed high necroinflammatory activity. Decreased KIR3DL2 expression in CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells was associated with a high body mass index, and KIR3DL2 expression may be one factor associated with the more rapid progression of CHCV to fibrosis in patients.
Negative Trends, Possible Selves, and Behavior Change

This study uses Stein and Markus’ (1996) self-concept and behavior change framework to examine youth offenders’ responses to individual-level treatment in a residential correctional facility. The authors analysed transcripts collected from 10 male offenders, aged 15-17, who were interviewed at least three times over a period of four to six months. Results showed that while many offenders were able to identify negative trends in their life that led to their criminal behavior, other cognitively filtered out self-defeating information and did not identify troubling life patterns. Offenders also articulated visions of hoped for selves that were anchored in their lived experiences with positive role models and feared the selves that they might become if they continued down a criminal path. However, nearly all of the offenders had loosely organized or vague strategies for achieving their hoped for or idealized selves. Based on these findings, the authors pose implications for self-concept theory and for treatment practices with this population group.
Allosteric Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase

Background: New antiviral agents bind to a site on HIV integrase protein also bound by the cellular protein LEDGF/p75. Results: Compound GSK1264 binds to this site, but it has surprising properties; it inhibits late during HIV replication, not early during integration, and it promotes abnormal multimerization. Conclusion: GSK1264 provides new insight into HIV replication. Significance: These observations inform the design of improved antiviral agents. HIV-1 replication in the presence of antiviral agents results in evolution of drug-resistant variants, motivating the search for additional drug classes. Here we report studies of GSK1264, which was identified as a compound that disrupts the interaction between HIV-1 integrase (IN) and the cellular factor lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75. GSK1264 displayed potent antiviral activity and was found to bind at the site occupied by LEDGF/p75 on IN by x-ray crystallography. Assays of HIV replication in the presence of GSK1264 showed only modest inhibition of the early infection steps and little effect on integration targeting, which is guided by the LEDGF/p75·IN interaction. In contrast, inhibition of late replication steps was more potent. Particle production was normal, but particles showed reduced infectivity. GSK1264 promoted aggregation of IN and preformed LEDGF/p75·IN complexes, suggesting a mechanism of inhibition. LEDGF/p75 was not displaced from IN during aggregation, indicating trapping of LEDGF/p75 in aggregates. Aggregation assays with truncated IN variants revealed that a construct with catalytic and C-terminal domains of IN only formed an open polymer associated with efficient drug-induced aggregation. These data suggest that the allosteric inhibitors of IN are promising antiviral agents and provide new information on their mechanism of action.
Rac1 functions downstream of miR-142 in regulation of erythropoiesis

Hematopoietic-specific miR-142 is a critical regulator of various blood cell lineages including CD4+ dendritic cells[1][1] and platelet biogenesis in megakaryocytes. [2][2] Furthermore, we recently reported that miR-142 is required in order to maintain the biconcave shape of erythrocytes, their
Schooling and cognitive development: Is there a season for learning?

HEYNS, BARBARA. Schooling and Cognitive Development: Is There a Season for Learning? CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1987, 58, 1151-1160. Although usually advocated as a cost-effective strategy for utilizing teachers, space, and facilities fully, summer programs have been mentioned of late as a tool for enrichment or remedial instruction and as a technique to arrest summer losses in achievement among the disadvantaged. This article reviews the literature on the effects of summer programs and offers a reinterpretation of the role of summer learning in cognitive development. Most analysts have ignored the time factor, or have viewed summer loss among compensatory education students as a threat to the conclusion that school-year gains were real or persistent. The bulk of evidence supports the conclusion that summer programs can be quite effective, particularly for the disadvantaged.
Does Homework Matter? An Investigation of Teacher Perceptions About Homework Practices for Children From Nondominant Backgrounds

It is common for teachers in all districts across the United States to give homework to their students. Given the rising numbers of children from nondominant backgrounds1 in American schools, a question that merits consideration is how children from nondominant backgrounds—particularly in large urban centers—are impacted by teachers' homework practices. In this study we explored why teachers in one large U.S. urban center assign homework, the kinds of homework teachers assign, and teachers' beliefs about the impact of this homework on their students' success at school. We collected surveys from 133 elementary school teachers (grades K through middle school) and interviewed a subgroup of 27 teachers from the larger group. Results revealed that although most teachers engaged in homework practices that were similar to those identified in current research (e.g., giving students skills based practice in math and spelling, in particular), most of the teachers in our study did make provisions for the fact that many of their children came from homes where English was not spoken at home and parents may not have the additional financial resources necessary to purchase materials for children to complete their homework.
Relationships between Occupational Factors and Health and Well-Being in Individuals with Persistent Mental Illness Living in the Community

Purpose. This study identified relationships between occupational factors and health and well-being among individuals with persistent mental illness. Methods. There were 103 subjects assessed in regards to time spent in different occupations, activity level, satisfaction with daily occupations, and experienced occupational value. The health-related variables were self-rated health, quality of life, self-esteem, sense of coherence, self-mastery, psychosocial functioning, and psychiatric symptoms. Results. Subjective perceptions of occupational performance were consistently related to both self-rated and interviewer-rated aspects of health and functioning. While variables pertaining to actual doing showed weak or no associations with self-rated health-related variables, they exhibited moderate relationships to interviewer-rated health and functioning. Implications. The health-promoting ingredients in occupations were determined by the way occupations were perceived, rather than the doing per se. The findings indicate that perceived meaning and satisfaction ought to be prioritized when setting goals in occupational therapy practice, and, besides, that existing occupational therapy theory needs to be updated.
Separate and Combined Effects of DNMT and HDAC Inhibitors in Treating Human Multi-Drug Resistant Osteosarcoma HosDXR150 Cell Line

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying multi-drug resistance (MDR) is one of the major challenges in current cancer research. A phenomenon which is common to both intrinsic and acquired resistance, is the aberrant alteration of gene expression in drug-resistant cancers. Although such dysregulation depends on many possible causes, an epigenetic characterization is considered a main driver. Recent studies have suggested a direct role for epigenetic inactivation of genes in determining tumor chemo-sensitivity. We investigated the effects of the inhibition of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and hystone deacethylase (HDAC), considered to reverse the epigenetic aberrations and lead to the re-expression of de novo methylated genes in MDR osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Based on our analysis of the HosDXR150 cell line, we found that in order to reduce cell proliferation, co-treatment of MDR OS cells with DNMT (5-Aza-dC, DAC) and HDAC (Trichostatin A, TSA) inhibitors is more effective than relying on each treatment alone. In re-expressing epigenetically silenced genes induced by treatments, a very specific regulation takes place which suggests that methylation and de-acetylation have occurred either separately or simultaneously to determine MDR OS phenotype. In particular, functional relationships have been reported after measuring differential gene expression, indicating that MDR OS cells acquired growth and survival advantage by simultaneous epigenetic inactivation of both multiple p53-independent apoptotic signals and osteoblast differentiation pathways. Furthermore, co-treatment results more efficient in inducing the re-expression of some main pathways according to the computed enrichment, thus emphasizing its potential towards representing an effective therapeutic option for MDR OS.
Effects of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of FMO3 and FMO6 Genes on Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Sulindac Sulfide in Premature Labor

This study aimed to investigate the effects of polymorphisms of the flavin-containing mono-oxygenase 3 (FMO3) and flavin-containing mono-oxygenase 6 (FMO6) genes on the pharmacokinetics of sulindac sulfide, the active metabolite of sulindac, in patients with preterm labor. Ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped, and plasma sulindac sulfide concentrations were measured at 0, 1.5, 4, and 10 hours after drug administration. The area under the curve from time 0 to the last sampling time point (AUClast) for sulindac sulfide was obtained. The AUClast of sulindac sulfide was significantly higher in patients with variant-type homozygotes of FMO3 (rs909530) than those with ancestral alleles or heterozygotes. FMO3 (rs2266780) was in complete linkage disequilibrium with FMO6 (rs7885012), and there was marginal significance between the genotypes (P = 0.049). From multiple linear regression models, FMO3 (rs909530) was found to have significant influence on the AUClast of sulindac sulfide after adjusting for gestational age, weight, and all studied SNPs. The predictive contribution of rs909530 to the variability of sulindac sulfide AUClast was 27.0%. In conclusion, the results of this study could help clinicians predict the efficacies and side effects of sulindac in the development of individualized treatment of patients with preterm labor.
The Order of Events in the Transition to Adulthood.

The transition from adolescence to adulthood is marked by a series of interrelated events that represent movement from economic dependence and participation in the family of origin to economic independence and establishment of a family of procreation. ' Among the most significant of these events are role changes, including movement out of the student role and entry into the adult roles of worker, spouse, and parent. At present, little is known about the temporal order in which these role changes occur. Based on data from a fifteen-year follow-up study of high school students originally surveyed in 1957-58 and resurveyed in 1973-74, this article examines the order of events in the transition from adolescence to adulthood and the causal factors that determine this order. The latter include influences mediated via hypothesized effects on the timing of exit from the transitional roles of student and soldier and hypothesized effects on the timing of entry into the adult roles of worker, spouse, and parent. Data for both sexes are analyzed.
A Descriptive Study of Psychological Service Delivery in Selected Rural School Settings

This investigation utilized qualitative methods to provide in-depth information regarding the nature and scope of problems faced by rural school psychologists in a diverse array of settings. Interviews were conducted with a total of fifty psychologists who practiced at ten sites in five states to determine problem areas and procedures used to deal with these problems. The results indicate that difficulties exist in particular settings in overcoming resistance to change and suspicion from school staff and parents; traveling to widely scattered schools or over hazardous terrain; working with the constraint of insufficient resources; and working with children from low SES, educationally deprived backgrounds. Specific approaches used to overcome these problems are suggested. In sum, if psychological service delivery is to be efficiently, effectively achieved, the role of the school psychologist must be adapted to fit the unique ecology of a given rural setting.
Iron deficiency and heart failure: diagnostic dilemmas and therapeutic perspectives

Iron is a micronutrient essential for cellular energy and metabolism, necessary for maintaining body homoeostasis. Iron deficiency is an important co-morbidity in patients with heart failure (HF). A major factor in the pathogenesis of anaemia, it is also a separate condition with serious clinical consequences (e.g. impaired exercise capacity) and poor prognosis in HF patients. Experimental evidence suggests that iron therapy in iron-deficient animals may activate molecular pathways that can be cardio-protective. Clinical studies have demonstrated favourable effects of i.v. iron on the functional status, quality of life, and exercise capacity in HF patients. It is hypothesized that i.v. iron supplementation may become a novel therapy in HF patients with iron deficiency.
What context features might be important determinants of the effectiveness of patient safety practice interventions?

Background Differences in contexts (eg, policies, healthcare organisation characteristics) may explain variations in the effects of patient safety practice (PSP) implementations. However, knowledge of which contextual features are important determinants of PSP effectiveness is limited and consensus is lacking on a taxonomy of which contexts matter. Methods Iterative, formal discussions were held with a 22-member technical expert panel composed of experts or leaders in patient safety, healthcare systems, and methods. First, potentially important contextual features were identified, focusing on five PSPs. Then, two surveys were conducted to determine the context likely to influence PSP implementations. Results The panel reached a consensus on a taxonomy of four broad domains of contextual features important for PSP implementations: safety culture, teamwork and leadership involvement; structural organisational characteristics (eg, size, organisational complexity or financial status); external factors (eg, financial or performance incentives or PSP regulations); and availability of implementation and management tools (eg, training organisational incentives). Panelists also tended to rate specific patient safety culture, teamwork and leadership contexts as high priority for assessing their effects on PSP implementations, but tended to rate specific organisational characteristic contexts as high priority only for use in PSP evaluations. Panelists appeared split on whether specific external factors and implementation/management tools were important for assessment or only description. Conclusion This work can guide research commissioners and evaluators on the contextual features of PSP implementations that are important to report or evaluate. It represents a first step towards developing guidelines on contexts in PSP implementation evaluations. However, the science of context measurement needs maturing.
The Use of Social Stories to Reduce Precursors to Tantrum Behavior in a Student with Autism

This study analyzed the effects of social stories in reducing precursors to tantrum behavior in two social environments, morning work time and lunchtime. The student was a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with autism, Fragile X syndrome, and intermittent explosive disorder. Using an ABAB design, two social stories were implemented and withdrawn as data were collected to determine the frequency of two behaviors, inappropriate vocalizations and dropping to the floor, which served as precursors to tantrum behavior. The data revealed a decrease in precursors to tantrum behavior when the social stories were available to the student and an increase in targeted behavior when the intervention was withdrawn.
The Use of Biodata in Admissions to Teacher Education

Teaching is an attractive profession in Canada. Eligible applicants to teacher education programs typically outnumber available places by 4 to 1. In Canada, teaching confers high occupational status, professional salaries and working conditions, near certainty of graduation once enrolled in a program, and a generally favorable job market. Admission to a teacher education program confers a significant, desirable benefit, but the process of admission to teacher education programs is rather arbitrary. In the analysis, the AA. focus on admissions criteria intended to predict success as a student in the teacher education program or as a classroom teacher
Muscle stem cell behavior is modified by microRNA-27 regulation of Pax3 expression

Skeletal muscle stem cells are regulated by Pax3/7. During development, Pax3 is required for the maintenance of these cells in the somite and their migration to sites of myogenesis; high levels of Pax3 interfere with muscle cell differentiation, both in the embryo and in the adult. Quantitative fine-tuning of Pax3 is critical, and microRNAs provide a potential mechanism. We identify microRNA-27b (miR-27b), which directly targets the 3′-UTR of Pax3 mRNA, as such a regulator. miR-27b is expressed in the differentiating skeletal muscle of the embryonic myotome and in activated satellite cells of adult muscle. In vivo overexpression of a miR-27b transgene in Pax3-positive cells in the embryo leads to down-regulation of Pax3, resulting in interference with progenitor cell migration and in premature differentiation. In a complementary experiment, miR-27b inhibitors were transfected into cultures of adult muscle satellite cells that normally express miR-27b at the onset of differentiation, when Pax3 protein levels undergo rapid down-regulation. Interference with miR-27b function results in continuing Pax3 expression leading to more proliferation and a delay in the onset of differentiation. Pax7 levels are not affected. Introduction of miR-27b antagomirs at a site of muscle injury in vivo also affects Pax3 expression and regeneration in vivo. We therefore conclude that miR-27b regulates Pax3 protein levels and this down-regulation ensures rapid and robust entry into the myogenic differentiation program.