Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Children’s Values: An Exploratory Study

Currently, much attention is devoted to children’s values and their development in an educational context. Recent research revealed that children hold a solid concept of their values and may provide accurate and unique information by themselves. Schwartz’s (1994) theory established a comprehensive framework of universal human values, and Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ, a self-report instrument) provided access to adults’ and adolescents’ values. However, it is unexplored to what extent the two would be suitable for children. In an exploratory study, the PVQ was employed in a sample of 8- to 11-year-old children (N = 191). Observations during the process of instrument completion indicated that the PVQ imposed high demands on children’s language skills, cognitive capacities, and ability for abstract thinking. Nonetheless, Multidimensional Scaling analyses revealed highly differentiated value structures. The discussion focuses on the validity of Schwartz’s theory in childhood, promising alternative assessment strategies, and implications for practitioners.
Evaluation of the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) in children and adolescents in Southern Spain

Abstract Objective The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the healthiest dietary models. Recent changes in the actual Mediterranean diet include a reduction in energy intake and a higher consumption of foods with low nutrient density (e.g. soft drinks, candy, sweets, etc.). In Spain, in association with cultural and lifestyle changes, there has been a reduction in the intake of antioxidants and vitamins, an increase in the proportion of SFA and a decrease in the consumption of fibre, among other changes. Children and adolescents may be the age groups with the most deteriorated Mediterranean diet. The current paper presents the results of applying the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED) to a large sample of Spanish schoolchildren. Design Data from questionnaires were used to calculate the KIDMED index. Setting Granada, Southern Spain. Subjects Schoolchildren (n 3190) aged 8–16 years. Results Among the 8–10-year-olds, the KIDMED index classification was ‘good’ in 48·6% of the population, ‘average’ in 49·5% and ‘poor’ in 1·6%. Among the 10–16-year-olds, the KIDMED index classification was good in 46·9% of the population, average in 51·1% and poor in 2·0%. Conclusions The nutritional behaviour of the present population of schoolchildren is similar to that found in the earlier KIDMED study.
Changing The “Culture” Of Welfare Offices

This article examines whether the 1996 welfare reform has led to the culture change in welfare offices advocated by welfare leaders and administrators. Examining a sample of state and local welfare systems, it asks whether and how welfare organizations are seeking to change their culture or, if not their culture, at least some of the structures and processes of their welfare systems. After unpacking the concept of culture in the context of welfare reform, the research finds that welfare leaders and administrators interpret the concept of culture change more broadly than do scholars of organizational culture.Welfare practitioners consider changes in structure and process as culture change, whereas scholars of organizational culture see these changes as only changes in artifacts. Scholars would consider these practitioners'interpretations to be superficial and would argue that they underestimate what it actually takes to effect changes in beliefs, perceptions, and feelings that are sufficiently deep to be called cultural transformations.
Alcohol Abuse Among Adolescents: Regional Evidence from Spain

The aim of this paper is to offer regional evidence from Spain on alcohol abuse among adolescents. Specifically, we identify the determinants of the decision to abuse alcohol with respect to the five most important regions of Spain, as well as for the country as a whole. To this end, we estimate Probit specifications using data drawn from the Spanish Surveys on Drug Use in the School Population corresponding to 1994, 1996 and 1998. The results first reveal patterns that are qualitatively similar, but quantitatively different. Similarly, it would appear that economic policies aimed at reducing the access of adolescents to alcohol may have a positive effect on reducing abuse. Finally, the results suggest that encouragement be given to healthy habits among young people, as well as to the fight against education failure and the launching of information campaigns that accurately portray the current lifestyle of adolescents.
Exploring the Influence of Family Communication Patterns, Cognitive Complexity, and Interpersonal Competence on Adolescent Risk Behaviors

This study examines how family communication patterns, cognitive complexity, and interpersonal competence influence certain adolescent risk behaviors. In a college-age sample, socio-orientated family communication pattern significantly predicted lower levels of cognitive complexity, although, cognitive complexity was not significantly associated with self-reports of interpersonal competency. Correlational analyses revealed a significant relation between family communication patterns and perceived interpersonal competence in interpersonal relationships both for same-sex friends and romantic partners. Additionally, multiple regression analyses indicated that concept-orientated family communication patterns significantly predicted whether a young person develops the interpersonal competence necessary for managing interpersonal relationships. Risk behaviors related to drinking, smoking, and sexual intercourse were significantly tied to specific dimensions of interpersonal competency. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Reaction Time and Short-term Memory: Implications of Repetition Effects for the High-speed Exhaustive Scan Hypothesis *

Recognition memory for sub-span digit sequences was investigated using Stern-berg's varied-set RT technique. Two experiments studied memory for sequences containing repetitions (e.g. 9 1 9 3) and observed faster recognition of repeated items. Experiment I also showed serial position effects with faster responding to more recent items. Neither of these effects is predicted by Sternberg's highspeed exhaustive scanning hypothesis. Several alternative hypotheses are considered, including two models based on the concept of trace strength, which appear to merit further investigation.
2D Temperature Analysis of Energy and Exergy Characteristics of Laminar Steady Flow across a Square Cylinder under Strong Blockage

Energy and exergy characteristics of a square cylinder (SC) in confined flow are investigated computationally by numerically handling the steady-state continuity, Navier-Stokes and energy equations in the Reynolds number range of Re = 10–50, where the blockage ratio (β = B/H) is kept constant at the high level of β = 0.8. Computations indicated for the upstream region that, the mean non-dimensional streamwise (u/Uo) and spanwise (v/Uo) velocities attain the values of u/Uo = 0.840®0.879 and v/Uo = 0.236®0.386 (Re = 10®50) on the front-surface of the SC, implying that Reynolds number and blockage have stronger impact on the spanwise momentum activity. It is determined that flows with high Reynolds number interact with the front-surface of the SC developing thinner thermal boundary layers and greater temperature gradients, which promotes the thermal entropy generation values as well. The strict guidance of the throat, not only resulted in the fully developed flow character, but also imposed additional cooling; such that the analysis pointed out the drop of duct wall (y = 0.025 m) non-dimensional temperature values (ζ) from ζ = 0.387®0.926 (Re = 10®50) at xth = 0 mm to ζ = 0.002®0.266 at xth = 40 mm. In the downstream region, spanwise thermal disturbances are evaluated to be most inspectable in the vortex driven region, where the temperature values show decrease trends in the spanwise direction. In the corresponding domain, exergy destruction is determined to grow with Reynolds number and decrease in the streamwise direction (xds = 0®10 mm). Besides, asymmetric entropy distributions as well were recorded due to the comprehensive mixing caused by the vortex system.
A mathematical model of exposure of non-target Lepidoptera to Bt-maize pollen expressing Cry1Ab within Europe

Genetically modified (GM) maize MON810 expresses a Cry1Ab insecticidal protein, derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), toxic to lepidopteran target pests such as Ostrinia nubilalis. An environmental risk to non-target Lepidoptera from this GM crop is exposure to harmful amounts of Bt-containing pollen deposited on host plants in or near MON810 fields. An 11-parameter mathematical model analysed exposure of larvae of three non-target species: the butterflies Inachis io (L.), Vanessa atalanta (L.) and moth Plutella xylostella (L.), in 11 representative maize cultivation regions in four European countries. A mortality–dose relationship was integrated with a dose–distance relationship to estimate mortality both within the maize MON810 crop and within the field margin at varying distances from the crop edge. Mortality estimates were adjusted to allow for physical effects; the lack of temporal coincidence between the susceptible larval stage concerned and the period over which maize MON810 pollen is shed; and seven further parameters concerned with maize agronomy and host-plant ecology. Sublethal effects were estimated and allowance made for aggregated pollen deposition. Estimated environmental impact was low: in all regions, the calculated mortality rate for worst-case scenarios was less than one individual in every 1572 for the butterflies and one in 392 for the moth.
A retrospective case note review of deceased recipients of vCJD‐implicated blood transfusions

Background To date, four instances of probable transfusion–transmission of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) infection have been described, and surviving recipients of vCJD‐implicated blood components have been informed that they may be ‘at risk’ of vCJD. Nearly two‐thirds of all recipients of vCJD‐implicated blood components are deceased, and many died before the vCJD risk was known. The primary aim of this study was to determine retrospectively whether there was evidence that any of the other deceased recipients of vCJD‐implicated blood components had any clinical signs or symptoms suggestive of vCJD in life. In addition, pathological material from recipients, stored at the time of surgery or autopsy, was sought to allow testing for evidence of vCJD infection. A secondary aim of the study was to obtain information on invasive healthcare procedures undertaken on recipients following the transfusion to identify the potential for onward transmission of infection.
Native-like Biases in Generation of Wh-Questions by Non-native Speakers of Japanese

A number of studies of L2 sentence processing have investigated whether ambiguity resolution biases in the L1 transfer to superficially similar cognate structures in the L2. When transfer effects are found in such cases it is difficult to determine whether they reflect surface parallels between the languages or the operation of more abstract processing mechanisms. Wh-questions in English and Japanese present a valuable test case for investigating the relation between L1 and L2 sentence processing. Native speakers of English and Japanese both show strong locality biases in processing wh-questions, but these locality biases are realized in rather different ways in the two languages, due to differences in word order and scope marking. Results from a sentence generation study with native speakers of Japanese and advanced English-speaking L2 learners of Japanese show that the L2 learners show a strongly nativelike locality bias in the resolution of scope ambiguities for in-situ wh-phrases, despite the fact that the closest analog of such an interpretation is impossible in English. This indicates that L2 learners are guided by abstract processing mechanisms, and not just by superficial transfer from the L1.
Statistical thinking in a technological environment

Traditional Israeli junior high school statistics usually emphasizes computation and neglects the development of a broader integrated view of statistical problem solving. Students are required to memorize isolated facts and procedures. Statistical concepts rarely originate from real problems, the learning environment is rigid, and, in general, there is just one correct answer to each problem. Even when the problems are real, the activities tend to be "unreal" and relatively superficial. The only view of statistics students can get from such a curriculum is of a collection of isolated, meaningless techniques, which is relatively irrelevant, dull, and routine. Many teachers ignore the compulsory statistics unit. The teachers maintain that there is no time, or that there is pressure to include "more important" mathematic topics, as well as lack of interest and knowledge. We have developed a statistics curriculum (Ben-Zvi & Friedlander, 1997) in an attempt to respond to the need for more meaningful learning of statistics and have incorporated the use of available technology to assist in this endeavor.
WHY RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS POSITIVELY IMPACT THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF CHILDREN

Using the 1992 NELS data set for twelfth graders, this study assessed why students attending religious schools generally achieve at higher levels academically than students attending non-religious schools. The study examined reasons that social scientists typically give for students from religious schools outperforming their counterparts in non-religious schools. These reasons include the school atmosphere, racial harmony, the level of school discipline, the lower rates of school violence, and the amount of homework given by the teachers. The results confirm that religious schools do outperform non-religious schools in each of these categories. In addition, the effects for students attending a religious school are reduced but not eliminated when these factors are controlled for. The results of this study support the belief that religious schools do differ favorably from non-religious schools on a number of measures that would seem to support an environment of high academic achievement. The results indicate that the factors that researchers point to as possibly explaining the advantages of attending a religious school explain part of, but not all of, the academic advantage of attending a religious school.
Nutritional status and dietary intakes of children aged 2-5 years and their caregivers in a rural South African community.

The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional status regarding vitamin A, iron and anthropometric indices and dietary intakes of children aged 2-5 years and their caregivers in a rural South African community. Micronutrient, haematological, anthropometric and dietary indicators were used to assess nutritional status during a cross-sectional survey. The setting was a low socioeconomic rural African community (Ndunakazi), approximately 60 km northwest of the coastal city of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The subjects were children aged 2-5 years (n = 164), and their caregivers (n = 137). Of the preschool children, 50% had a low vitamin A status (serum retinol < 20 micrograms/dL), 54% were anaemic (Hb < 11 micrograms/dL), 33% had depleted iron stores (serum ferritin levels < 10 micrograms/L), and 21% were stunted (Z-score for height-for-age < -2SD). Of the caregivers, 30% had a low vitamin A status (serum retinol < 30 micrograms/dL), 44% were anaemic (Hb < 11 micrograms/dL), 19% had depleted iron stores (serum ferritin levels < 12 micrograms/L), and 40% and 26% were overweight (BMI > or = 24 and < 30) and obese (BMI > or = 30), respectively. The children and caregivers consumed a cereal-based diet, with phutu (a stiff porridge made with maize meal), rice and bread as staple foods. Quantitative dietary analysis showed that the dietary intakes were high in carbohydrates (approximately 70% of total energy), while fat intake was within the prudent dietary guideline of 30% of total energy intake. Median dietary intakes were below 50% of the RDA for calcium, zinc (children only), vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin (children only) and vitamin B12. These preschool children and their caregivers consumed a high carbohydrate diet deficient in most of the essential micronutrients. The poor quality of the diet was reflected in a poor vitamin A and iron status, and one-fifth of the children showed linear growth retardation. Nutrition education and intervention programmes should address micronutrient deficiencies, with the focus not only on quantity, but also quality of the diet.
Divergent production in gifted adolescents using timed vs. untimed stimuli with creative prompting

Gregg A. Johns is a staff psychologist at the Mississippi State Hospital's child and adolescent inpatient unit. His interests includes the facilitation of creativity for both therapeutic and problem-solving applications and divergent production research. Linda W. Morse is a professor of educational psychology at Mississippi State University where she serves as program coordinator and is a John Grisham Master Teacher. Her research interests include problem solving strategies, and creative production. David T. Morse is a professor of educational psychology and psychology at Mississippi State University. He is the co-author of the Khatena-Morse Multitalent Perception Inventory, and his research interests include test-taking behaviors, and creativity.
Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Wall Extract Supplementation Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Modulates Serum Amino Acids Profiles in Weaned Piglets

This research aims to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall extract (SCCWE) on growth performance, oxidative stress, intestinal morphology, and serum amino acid concentration in weaned piglets. Utilizing a completely randomized design, 40 healthy piglets weaned at 21 d were grouped into 4 experimental treatments with 10 pigs per treatment group. Treatments consisted of a basal diet (T0), a basal diet with a 0.05% SCCWE (T1), a basal diet with a 0.10% SCCWE (T2), and a basal diet with a 0.15% SCCWE (T3). SCCWE supplementation increased the average daily gain and final body weight compared with T0 (P < 0.05). SCCWE in T2 and T3 improved the average daily feed intake and decreased the feed/gain ratio compared with T1 and T2 (P < 0.05). SCCWE decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly compared to T0 (P < 0.05). SCCWE increased the concentration of Ile compared to T0 (P < 0.05). Moreover, the concentrations of Leu, Phe, and Arg were higher in T2 and T3 (P < 0.05). These findings indicate beneficial effects of SCCWE supplementation on growth performance, the concentration of some essential amino acids, and alleviation of oxidative stress in weaned piglets.
Moral, Believing Animals

cussed in this section is the changing public opinion about men’s and women’s roles at work and in the family. Methods for investigating intra-household economic activity are also considered. The next two sections present mainstream and heterodox approaches to understanding labor markets, discrimination, and women’s continuing lag behind men on most economic indicators. Standard neoclassical economic explanations, such as human capital theory, tastes and preferences, and statistical discrimination are discussed and challenged. Alternative institutional explanations of the wage gap and occupational segregation are offered. These include the crowding of white women and minorities into a small set of occupations, the hierarchical queuing of employers and employees, labor market segmentation, and the cultural devaluation of work associated with white women and racial minorities. Noting that social policy has both helped and hurt women’s economic position over time, the editors include a section that discusses current and proposed employer and public policies designed to decrease labor market inequities. Policies included here are the Equal Pay Act and Civil Rights Act of the 1960s, comparable worth and affirmative action initiatives, family-friendly workplace benefits, and the potential gendered outcomes of a seemingly gender-neutral policy—raising the minimum wage. The volume concludes with a set of provocative articles that move the reader from a focus on the United States to a consideration of the role of gender in the world economy. Despite the best efforts of the editors, no one book can cover all the pertinent topics related to women and the economy. Most notably missing are discussions about how the composition of social and work-related networks can disadvantage women and minority men in obtaining new job opportunities or promotions. Attention to the growth of nonstandard work arrangements (e.g., temporary, part-time, or contract work) and how they affect racial and gender stratification also would have been welcome. However, the volume excels in its thorough treatment of the included topics. COGNITIONS, EMOTIONS, AND IDENTITIES
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE METHODOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM RESEARCH

Research on environmental racism has emphasized positive rationality. While useful for policy and legal interventions, this is problematic from a radical political and theoretical viewpoint. By examining two key research questions–is “race” or class responsible for discriminatory patterns? which came first, the people or the hazard? –I explore the implicit assumptions concerning racism within this framework. This reveals a large, pervasive set of misconceptions, including a tendency to reduce racism to overt actions, denying racism as ideology, and insisting on a fixed, unitary idea of racism. Both scholars committed to antiracism and those who challenge environmental justice activists' claims reproduce these conceptualizations.
Management, Organizational Justice and Emotional Exhaustion Among Chinese Migrant Workers: Evidence from Two Manufacturing Firms

This article explores how Human Resource (HR) policies and practices influence employee perceptions of organizational justice, which in turn impacts employee emotions and feelings of emotional exhaustion. Using structural equation modelling and based on employee survey data drawn from two manufacturing organizations, we find that a strong HR system — perceived by workers as distinctive, attractive and consistently implemented — fosters perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactive justice. However, only distributive injustice leads to negative emotions and emotional exhaustion. This is explained by reference to the cultural and institutional context (China), status (migrant) and type of workers (semi‐skilled, manual) included in the study. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications that arise from these findings.