Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maturational Effects of Single and Multiple Early-Life Seizures on AMPA Receptors in Prepubescent Hippocampus

The effects of single versus multiple episodes of status epilepticus on the expression of AMPA receptors during a critical growth spurt are unknown. To determine whether the pattern of hippocampal AMPA receptor subunit expression depends upon the age of the animal, timing and number of perinatal seizures, we characterized maturational changes in AMPA receptor protein levels of the hippocampus with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting in rats of juvenile ages with and without a history of neonatal seizures. Kainic acid (KA) was used to induce a single episode of status epilepticus (1 × KA) in rats on P20 or P30. Animals with a history of multiple seizures (3 × KA) were given KA on P6, P9, and then on P20 or P30. After 1 × KA, in P20 and P30 rats that are preferentially sensitive to CA1 damage, GluR1 immunoreactivity was depleted remarkably in CA1 stratum pyramidale and stratum lucidum and only morphologically healthy cells were faintly labeled. At P30, GluR2 subunit expression was nearly absent in the healthy cells and increased within the injured CA1 neuronal population. Western blot analysis confirmed that the GluR1/GluR2 ratio was decreased at P20 and further decreased at P30. A history of perinatal seizures (3 × KA) prevented the age-dependent alterations in the CA1. Except for areas of cell loss, NR1 and NR2A/B antibody labeling was relatively stable throughout the hippocampus at both ages and conditions examined. Data suggest that (i) Ca2+ permeable AMPA receptors may not be responsible for neuronal injury or irreversible cell loss and that (ii) the expression of AMPA receptors after status epilepticus depends upon the age of the animal, the timing of the first insult and subsequent formation of AMPA receptor subunit compositions within specific populations of hippocampal neurons.
Predicting Impairment in Major Life Activities and Occupational Functioning in Hyperactive Children as Adults: Self-Reported Executive Function (EF) Deficits Versus EF Tests

Hyperactivity in children, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is associated with impairments in various major life activities by adulthood, particularly occupational functioning. ADHD appears to involve deficits in executive functioning (EF). Prior studies have not examined the contribution of these deficits to adult impairment generally and occupational adjustment specifically in longitudinal studies of hyperactive/ADHD children. We did so assessing EF by both self-report and tests and using self and other-rated impairment in 10 domains of major life activities and 12 measures of occupational impairment. We studied hyperactive (H; N = 135) and community control children (C; N = 75) followed to adulthood (mean age 27 years). The H cases were subdivided into those whose ADHD did (ADHD–P) and did not persist (ADHD–NP) using modified DSM-IV criteria. Self-reported EF deficits were more severe on all five EF scales in the ADHD–P than both the ADHD–NP and C groups and on three scales in the ADHD–NP compared to C groups. Most ADHD–P cases fell in the clinically impaired range on self-reported EF as did a substantial minority of ADHD–NP cases but few were so classified on the EF tests. Impairments in occupational functioning were predicted by the EF ratings to a greater degree than by the EF tests. Most EF tests were unrelated to work history with the exception of the Five-Points Test. We conclude that EF ratings are better predictors of impairment in major life activities generally and occupational functioning specifically at adult follow-up than are EF tests. We hypothesize that this paradox arises from each method assessing different levels of a hierarchically organized EF meta-construct briefly discussed herein.
HOXC9 Regulates Formation of Parachordal Lymphangioplasts and the Thoracic Duct in Zebrafish via Stabilin 2

HOXC9 belongs to the family of homeobox transcription factors, which are regulators of body patterning and development. HOXC9 acts as a negative regulator on blood endothelial cells but its function on lymphatic vessel development has not been studied. The hyaluronan receptor homologs stabilin 1 and stabilin 2 are expressed in endothelial cells but their role in vascular development is poorly understood. This study was aimed at investigating the function of HOXC9, stabilin 2 and stabilin 1 in lymphatic vessel development in zebrafish and in endothelial cells. Morpholino-based expression silencing of HOXC9 repressed parachordal lymphangioblast assembly and thoracic duct formation in zebrafish. HOXC9 positively regulated stabilin 2 expression in zebrafish and in HUVECs and expression silencing of stabilin 2 phenocopied the HOXC9 morphant vascular phenotype. This effect could be compensated by HOXC9 mRNA injection in stabilin 2 morphant zebrafish embryos. Stabilin 1 also regulated parachordal lymphangioblast and thoracic duct formation in zebrafish but acts independently of HOXC9. On a cellular level stabilin 1 and stabilin 2 regulated endothelial cell migration and in-gel sprouting angiogenesis in endothelial cells. HOXC9 was identified as novel transcriptional regulator of parachordal lymphangioblast assembly and thoracic duct formation in zebrafish that acts via stabilin 2. Stabilin 1, which acts independently of HOXC9, has a similar function in zebrafish and both receptors control important cellular processes in endothelial cells.
IT Capacities Assessment Tool: A Survey of Hospitals in Canada

This study presents an IT assessment tool that aims at capturing the level of IT sophistication in hospitals. In order to develop a measure that reflects IT capacities in hospitals, an IT scoring approach was proposed that incorporate eight IT dimensions related to the implementation of computerized processes and emerging technologies, and the level of internal and external systems integration. The instrument was validated through a survey of hospitals in two provinces in Canada (QuÃ©bec and Ontario), and the psychometric properties revealed a good level of validity and reliability. Based on the results of the survey and the IT scores obtained, hospitals in both provinces seem to have a moderate to high level of implementation of various computerized processes; limited implementation of clinical systems was observed. Low IT scores were reported in relation to the implementation of emerging technologies. The level of systems integration was moderate with significantly higher level of integration among hospitals in Ontario; limited clinical systems integration was observed.
Attribution theories: How people make sense of behavior.

explanations of behavior (i.e., answers to why questions); the second refers to inferences or ascriptions (e.g., inferring traits from behavior, ascribing blame to a person). What the two meanings have in common is a process of assigning: in attribution as explanation, a behavior is assigned to its cause; in attribution as inference, a quality or attribute is assigned to the agent on the basis of an observed behavior. Despite the connection between these phenomena, they have distinct psychological characteristics (Hamilton, 1998; Hilton, Smith, & Kin, 1995; Malle, in press). This chapter will focus on attribution as behavior explanation because it is a far-reaching cognitive and social phenomenon that is embedded in the larger human search for meaning (Malle, 2004). The discussion will begin with the undisputed founder of attribution work, Fritz Heider, then briefly visit Jones and Davis’s contribution, and move on to Harold Kelley’s theoretical model. Because many excellent reviews of the standard views on these theories are available (see note 1), I will spend relatively little time recounting them. My goal is rather to point out aspects of classic attribution theories that are not generally emphasized, highlight historical misunderstandings, and bring to light theoretical difficulties that have not been adequately addressed. In the second half of the chapter I then introduce an alternative theory of behavior explanations that builds on previous theories but tries to overcome their major difficulties.
Worldviews in transition: Applying three models of human development to the Seth texts

iii List of Tables viii List of Figures ix Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Outline 1 Preliminary background on worldviews. 1 Preliminary background on channeling and the Seth material. 4 Preliminary background on research methods to be used. 7 Purpose Statement 8 Research Question 9 Secondary Research Questions 9 Method 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review 11 Terminology 11 Organization 12 Transpersonal Import 13 Emerging Worldviews 14 New age. 16 Rising culture. 18
Solving Large Problems with a Small Working Memory

We describe an important elaboration of our multiscale/multiresolution model for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Our previous model emulated the non-uniform distribution of receptors on the human retina and the shifts of visual attention. This model produced nearoptimal solutions of TSP in linear time by performing hierarchical clustering followed by a sequence of coarse-to-fine approximations of the tour. Linear time complexity was related to the minimal amount of search performed by the model, which posed minimal requirements on the size of the working memory. The new model implements the small working memory requirement. The model only stores information about as few as 2–5 clusters at any one time in the solution process. This requirement matches the known capacity of human working memory. We conclude by speculating that this model provides a possible explanation of how the human mind can effectively deal with very large search spaces. Correspondence: Zygmunt Pizlo, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2081; Phone: (765) 494-6930. Email: pizlo@psych.purdue. edu
YouTube Movie Reviews: Sentiment Analysis in an Audio-Visual Context

This work focuses on automatically analyzing a speaker's sentiment in online videos containing movie reviews. In addition to textual information, this approach considers adding audio features as typically used in speech-based emotion recognition as well as video features encoding valuable valence information conveyed by the speaker. Experimental results indicate that training on written movie reviews is a promising alternative to exclusively using (spoken) in-domain data for building a system that analyzes spoken movie review videos, and that language-independent audio-visual analysis can compete with linguistic analysis.
Accelerated aging in adults with knee osteoarthritis pain: consideration for frequency, intensity, time, and total pain sites

Introduction: Individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) show increased morbidity and mortality. Telomere length, a measure of cellular aging, predicts increased morbidity and mortality. Telomeres shorten with persisting biological and psychosocial stress. Living with chronic OA pain is stressful. Previous research exploring telomere length in people with OA has produced inconsistent results. Considering pain severity may clarify the relationship between OA and telomeres. Objectives: We hypothesized that individuals with high OA chronic pain severity would have shorter telomeres than those with no or low chronic pain severity. Methods: One hundred thirty-six adults, ages 45 to 85 years old, with and without symptomatic knee OA were included in the analysis. Peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length was measured, and demographic, clinical, and functional data were collected. Participants were categorized into 5 pain severity groups based on an additive index of frequency, intensity, time or duration, and total number of pain sites (FITT). Covariates included age, sex, race or ethnicity, study site, and knee pain status. Results: The no or low chronic pain severity group had significantly longer telomeres compared with the high pain severity group, P = 0.025. A significant chronic pain severity dose response emerged for telomere length, P = 0.034. The FITT chronic pain severity index was highly correlated with the clinical and functional OA pain measures. However, individual clinical and functional measures were not associated with telomere length. Conclusion: Results demonstrate accelerated cellular aging with high knee OA chronic pain severity and provide evidence for the potential utility of the FITT chronic pain severity index in capturing the biological burden of chronic pain.
A comparative analysis of advanced techniques for skin reconstruction with autologous keratinocyte culture in severely burned children: own experience

Introduction The local treatment in burns larger than 50% of total body surface area is still the great challenge for surgeons. Aim This paper presents a review of different solutions for deep burn wound healing in children and the early outcomes of treatment with combined autologous cell culture technique. Material and methods For this study, 20 children aged between 4 and 12 years with 55–65% of TBSA III grade burn injury were analyzed. A skin sample, 1 cm × 1 cm in size, for keratinocyte cultivation, was taken on the day of the burn. After necrotic tissue excision, the covering of the burned area with an isolated meshed skin graft was carried out between day 4 and 7. After 7 days of keratinocyte cultivation, the mentioned areas were covered with cells from the culture. We divided the burned regions, according to the way of wound closure, into 3 groups each consisting of 15 treated regions of the body. We used meshed split thickness skin grafts (SSG group), cultured autologous keratinocytes (CAC group), and both techniques applied in one stage (SSG + CAC group). Results In the SSG group, the mean time for complete closure of wounds was 12.7 days. Wounds treated with CAC only needed a non-significantly longer time to heal – 14.2 days (p = 0.056) when compared to SSG. The shortest time to heal was observed in the group treated with SSG + CAC – 8.5 days, and it was significantly shorter when compared to the SSG and CAC groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions This study suggests that cultured keratinocytes obtained after short-time multiplication, combined with meshed autologous split thickness skin grafts, constitute the optimal wound closure in burned children.
International Trade and Commercial Policy.

This is a textbook. It is comprehensive, clear and competent. Its chapters cover basic economic principles, international payments and capital movements, the interchange of goods, governmental regulatory measures with respect to trade and exchange, colonial and merchant marine policies and other related subjects. The author’s thesis is that a sound world economy must be based upon maximum freedom of international trade and commerce. This is not a work of imagination or creation; it does not fashion new patterns of thought. Eather it is a painstaking and balanced presentation of a large body of material dealing with a complex and highly technical subject. The writing is clear and concise. The mechanisms of interna­ tional trade and finance and the purposes and machinery of governmental regulation are described and analyzed. The conclusions reached are pre­ sented with fairness and logic. As has been indicated, the philosophy of Professor Towle’s book is laissezfaire. In the development of the basic principles in the early chapters Adam Smith is often quoted and cited. Throughout the various chapters runs a consistent thread of criticism of the efforts of nations to manage their trade rather than to permit the principles of supply and demand and the division of labor to operate freely. For all its good qualities the book has one glaring weakness. It takes the reader only to the threshold of the postwar world. It is primarily a discussion of the economic history and problems of the 1930’s. It de­ scribes quite adequately how, during the 1930’s, international trade be­ came more and more deeply enmeshed in controls and restrictions. Reflect­ ing the hopes of 1945 and the principles of free trade which the author espouses, it calls for a freeing of the trade of the future from political interference. A weakness in this treatment is that the author seems to underestimate or understate the strength of the forces which today cause state interference with economic processes. Today, to a far greater extent than in the 1930’s, governments manage economies and control trade not just as temporary defensive measures to meet a crisis, but as conscious instruments of purposeful state planning. There is no adequate exposition of socialist theory and its challenge to laissez-faire theories. Communist theories and trade policies and their premise of the inevitability of infla­ tion and collapse in the capitalist world are ignored. In fact the word “ Communism” does not appear in the index. There is not even a forecast of the problem of reconciling freedom and control such as that which Geoffrey Crowther presented so clearly early in 1944.1
Robot‐aided functional imaging: Application to a motor learning study

The purpose of this study was to examine the neural activity underlying an implicit motor learning task. In particular, our goals were to determine whether initial phases of procedural learning of a motor task involve areas of the brain distinct from those involved in later phases of learning the task, and what changes in neural activity coincide with performance improvement. We describe a novel integration of robotic technology with functional brain imaging and its use in this study of implicit motor learning. A portable robotic device was used to generate forces that disturbed the subjects' arm movements, thereby generating a “virtual mechanical environment” that the subjects learned to manipulate. Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to measure indices of neural activity underlying learning of the motor task. Eight healthy, right‐handed male subjects participated in the study. Results support the hypothesis that different stages of implicit learning (early and late implicit learning) occur in an orderly fashion, and that distinct neural structures may be involved in these different stages. In particular, neuroimaging results indicate that the cortico‐striatal loop may play a significant role during early learning, and that the cortico‐cerebellar loop may play a significant role during late learning. Hum. Brain Mapping 6:59–72, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Personality Stereotypes of Three Cohabiting Ethnic Groups

The personality stereotypes of two Finno-Ugric ethnic groups, Erzians and Mokshans, who live together with Russians in the Republic of Mordovia, Russian Federation, were studied. As in previous studies, we found little support for the idea that ethnic personality stereotypes describe accurately, or even in an exaggerated manner, actual personality dispositions to think, feel, and behave in a characteristic way. The mean self-reported personality traits of participants were mostly identical, irrespective of the ethnic group they belong to. Erzians’ personality stereotypes about a typical Mokshan and, in turn, Mokshans’ stereotypes about a typical Erzian were socially less favorable compared with the way in which both ethnic groups perceived a typical Russian and, especially, a representative of their own ethnic group. As both in-group and out-group personality stereotypes were largely unfounded, there was no support for the primordial or essentialist account of ethnic stereotypes. The main function of the polarization of personality stereotypes may, thus, be symbolic self-identification and differentiation from other very similar ethnic groups.
Brain parenchymal damage after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe sickle cell disease

Prospective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), neuropsychological testing and neurological examinations were performed to determine the long‐term effect of successful haematopoietic stem cell transplantation on the neurological status of nine children with sickle cell disease. A scoring system for severity of brain parenchymal and vascular lesions was developed and applied. Neurological examinations and neuropsychometric tests were stable, but MRI and MRA studies were not. Transient changes occurred early in two patients. Persistent changes occurred in five. Parenchymal lesions occurred in zero of two patients without prior lacunae or infarcts and in all seven with prior lacunae or infarcts (P = 0·0278).
Pre-attentive change detection of emotional facial expressions : effects of depression and a short psychological intervention - and ERP study

UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Department of Psychology KURKELA JARI and MÄKI TERO: Pre-attentive Change Detection of Emotional Facial Expressions: Effects of Depression and a Short Psychological Intervention An ERP Study Master’s thesis, 43 p., 1 Appendix Supervisor: Astikainen Piia Psychology October 2012 The aim of this study was to examine the pre-attentive change detection of emotional facial expressions by measuring event-related potentials (ERPs) using an electroencephalography (EEG). The ERPs of two groups: depressed and non-depressed were compared. Also the effect of a short psychological intervention to the ERPs was studied. Seven universal expressions were used as stimuli in five experiments. In one experiment all the seven universal expressions were presented with equal probability (p=0.14). The four other experiments used an oddball paradigm i.e. condition in which a neutral expressions was shown as frequent (p= 0.80) and sad or happy expressions as infrequent (p=0.20) stimulus and vice versa were applied. The face specific N170 component was analyzed from 18 depressed and 10 non-depressed participants. The depressed participants were divided into two groups: an initial treatment group and a waitlist control group. The EEG measurement was done for both groups before the initial treatment group’s therapy intervention. The second EEG recording was done after the initial treatment group finished their therapy intervention five weeks later. Results of the equal probability condition showed that ERPs of emotional expressions elicit stronger N170 amplitudes than neutral ones. In the odd-ball experiments no differences between sad and neutral expressions were found. When neutral and happy expressions were used, happy expression always elicited stronger amplitudes than neutral expressions regardless of its prevalence (frequent p=0.80, infrequent p=0.20). The nondepressed participants got longer latencies to infrequent happy expressions on the right hemisphere compared to the left but no such hemisphere discrimination was found in the depressed participants. In the frequent happy and infrequent neutral face condition N170 amplitudes of the depressed participants on the right hemisphere were found to be stronger compared to the left, no such discrimination was found among the non-depressed controls. The BDI and SCL-90 inventories predicted 20-29 % of the variation of the emotional ERPs suggesting that depression symptoms might affect the brain’s emotional processes. However the therapy intervention was not found to affect the ERPs of the depressed participants in this small sample.