Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protecting the Kidney in Liver Transplant Recipients: Practice‐Based Recommendations From the American Society of Transplantation Liver and Intestine Community of Practice

Both acute and chronic kidney disease are common after liver transplantation and result in significant morbidity and mortality. The introduction of the Model for End‐stage Liver Disease score has directly correlated with an increased prevalence of perioperative renal dysfunction and the number of simultaneous liver–kidney transplantations performed. Kidney dysfunction in this population is typically multifactorial and related to preexisting conditions, pretransplantation renal injury, perioperative events, and posttransplantation nephrotoxic immunosuppressive therapies. The management of kidney disease after liver transplantation is challenging, as by the time the serum creatinine level is significantly elevated, few interventions affect the course of progression. Also, immunological factors such as antibody‐mediated kidney rejection have become of greater interest given the rising liver–kidney transplant population. Therefore, this review, assembled by experts in the field and endorsed by the American Society of Transplantation Liver and Intestine Community of Practice, provides a critical assessment of measures of renal function and interventions aimed at preserving renal function early and late after liver and simultaneous liver–kidney transplantation. Key points and practice‐based recommendations for the prevention and management of kidney injury in this population are provided to offer guidance for clinicians and identify gaps in knowledge for future investigations.
A Novel Heuristic Algorithm for Solving Non-Convex Economic Load Dispatch Problem with Non-smooth Cost Function

In this study, a novel heuristic algorithm is presented for solving Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) problems in power systems. The implemented method is a hybrid method, called Hybrid Immune Genetic Algorithm (HIGA). ELD problems are complicated and nonlinear in nature with equality and inequality constraints. Two benchmark ELD problems of different characteristics were used to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The proposed methodology easily takes care of valve-point effects, Prohibited Operation Zones (POZs), ramp-rate constraints and transmission losses. Comparing of the obtained numerical results with other available methods affirm the proficiency of proposed algorithm over other existing methods. It shows that the HIGA method has good convergence property. Furthermore, the generation costs of the HIGA approach are lower than other optimization algorithms reported in recent literature.
Quasistatic Approximation for Exposure Assessment of Wireless Power Transfer

SUMMARY Magnetic resonant coupling between two coils allows effective wireless transfer of power over distances in the range of tens of centimeters to a few meters. The strong resonant magnetic field also extends to the immediate surroundings of the power transfer system. When a user or bystander is exposed to this magnetic field, electric fields are induced in the body. For the purposes of human and product safety, it is necessary to evaluate whether these fields satisfy the human exposure limits specified in international guidelines and standards. This work investigates the effectiveness of the quasistatic approximation for computational modeling human exposure to the magnetic fields of wireless power transfer systems. It is shown that, when valid, this approximation can greatly reduce the computational requirements of the assessment of human exposure. Using the quasistatic modeling approach, we present an example of the assessment of human exposure to the non-uniform magnetic field of a realistic WPT system for wireless charging of an electric vehicle battery, and propose a coupling factor for practical determination of compliance with the international exposure standards.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by tribenoside

Tribenoside is a drug used for the symptomatic improvement of haemorrhoids and can be taken orally, topically, or as a suppository and is used inmore than20countries (1, 2). Despite the widespread use of the drug, there are only two reports of a drug allergy caused by oral administration of tribenoside (2, 3). To the best of our knowledge, our case is the first report of an allergic contact dermatitis to topical tribenoside in the English literature.
InPouch TV culture for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Trichomonas vaginalis accounts for almost half of all curable sexually transmitted infections and has also been associated with adverse outcomes of pregnancy and increased risk of HIV in women. Diagnosis of the condition by direct wet mount examination has a low sensitivity. Herein, we describe our experience with InPouch culture system for the detection of T. vaginalis. METHODS This prospective study was carried out from May 2003 to April 2004 among women presenting with genitourinary symptoms attending a primary health center clinic in Ballabhgarh, India. Two vaginal swabs (cotton tips) were obtained from each woman. The first swab was obtained from the lateral wall of vagina and was used to make a wet mount preparation. The second swab was obtained from the posterior fornix of the vagina and inoculated in the InPouch for culture of T. vaginalis. RESULTS Of the 601 women, 22 were positive by direct microscopy for T. vaginalis while 40 were positive by culture. Overall, T. vaginalis accounted for 6.7 per cent of reproductive tract infections. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The InPouch TV culture system is a simple, cost-effective and a sensitive method for diagnosing T. vaginalis and may be recommended for routine use in diagnosing genital tract infections.
Self-Organized Text Detection with Minimal Post-processing via Border Learning

In this paper we propose a new solution to the text detection problem via border learning. Specifically, we make four major contributions: 1) We analyze the insufficiencies of the classic non-text and text settings for text detection. 2) We introduce the border class to the text detection problem for the first time, and validate that the decoding process is largely simplified with the help of text border. 3) We collect and release a new text detection PPT dataset containing 10,692 images with non-text, border, and text annotations. 4) We develop a lightweight (only 0.28M parameters), fully convolutional network (FCN) to effectively learn borders in text images. The results of our extensive experiments show that the proposed solution achieves comparable performance, and often outperforms state-of-theart approaches on standard benchmarks–even though our solution only requires minimal post-processing to parse a bounding box from a detected text map, while others often require heavy post-processing.
Characterization of Candida species from Intensive Care Unit isolates in a Tertiary Care Centre in North-East India: a retrospective study.

Background: Fungi have emerged as major causes of human diseases. Intensive Care Units (ICU), harbor almost all the risk factors for opportunistic fungal infections. Among these, Candida infections are very common with recent trends being rise in the non- Candida albicans (NCA) species along with an increase in resistance of these species to antifungal drugs. Aims: To characterize the Candida species from the clinical specimens of patients admitted in the ICU of Tertiary Care Centre in North-East India and to perform their antifungal susceptibility. Settings and Design: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology from January 2011 to December 2011. Materials and Methods: The following techniques were employed to characterize the isolates in the study - KOH mount, Gram's stain, India ink preparation, culture on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar, Germ Tube test, Urea hydrolysis, morphology in Cornmeal Agar and chromogenic agar media, sugar fermentation and sugar assimilation tests and automated identification system, and the results were interpreted using standard protocols. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS version 17.0 was used for all statistical computations and P Results: Out of 85 Candida isolates, Candida tropicalis (38%) was the most common, in all age groups. Infections were more common in patients above 40 years and males were affected more than females. NCA species were more resistant to fluconazole than C. albicans . Conclusions: The study highlights the change in epidemiology in the species distribution of Candida and a rise in infections by NCA species as compared to those by C. albicans . Knowledge of the local species distribution of Candida along with their antifungal susceptibility is essential to initiate and optimize therapy and outcome, especially in an ICU setup, which harbors patients susceptible to fungal infections.
Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells (TREM)-2 Impairs Host Defense in Experimental Melioidosis

Background Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) -1 and TREM-2 are key regulators of the inflammatory response that are involved in the clearance of invading pathogens. Melioidosis, caused by the "Tier 1" biothreat agent Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a common form of community-acquired sepsis in Southeast-Asia. TREM-1 has been suggested as a biomarker for sepsis and melioidosis. We aimed to characterize the expression and function of TREM-1 and TREM-2 in melioidosis. Methodology/Principal Findings Wild-type, TREM-1/3 (Trem-1/3-/-) and TREM-2 (Trem-2-/-) deficient mice were intranasally infected with live B. pseudomallei and killed after 24, and/or 72 h for the harvesting of lungs, liver, spleen, and blood. Additionally, survival studies were performed. Cellular functions were further analyzed by stimulation and/or infection of isolated cells. TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression was increased both in the lung and liver of B. pseudomallei-infected mice. Strikingly, Trem-2-/-, but not Trem-1/3-/-, mice displayed a markedly improved host defense as reflected by a strong survival advantage together with decreased bacterial loads, less inflammation and reduced organ injury. Cellular responsiveness of TREM-2, but not TREM-1, deficient blood and bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) was diminished upon exposure to B. pseudomallei. Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of B. pseudomallei by BMDM and alveolar macrophages were TREM-1 and TREM-2-independent. Conclusions/Significance We found that TREM-2, and to a lesser extent TREM-1, plays a remarkable detrimental role in the host defense against a clinically relevant Gram-negative pathogen in mice: TREM-2 deficiency restricts the inflammatory response, thereby decreasing organ damage and mortality.
What Should be Done with “Fit” in Principal Selection?

Although the school principal’s role has been growing in importance, the methods used to select principals have changed little since the 1950s. Moreover, researchers have seldom scrutinized principal selection methods; yet, significant procedural issues exist. The concept of fit has been used within principal selection for decades, but researchers appear to disagree on whether fit is an effective criterion and whether its use may foster discrimination. This primarily qualitative study explored the perceptions and practices of top-level district administrators regarding the use of fit within principal selection processes through a conceptual framework of cloning cultures which raise significant equity issues for non-Caucasian selection participants. Results of this study indicate participants define fit both similarly and differently, they believe fit is an important attribute sought in selection, using fit within selection has both advantages and disadvantages, and selecting principals based on fit does not guarantee that a principal will fit the school and district community. Therefore, the concept of fit should be clearly defined and operationalized. In addition, objective assessment criteria should be developed if fit is to be used within principal selection processes to promote equality within selection practices.
Cheap Capitalism A Sociological Study of Food Crime in China

This article reports on an archival analysis of cases and policy documents in China and a survey and oral interviews with food safety regulators, food industry members, consumer organization representatives, food safety observers and scholars in Zhejiang province of China, on the nature and extent of food crime, the composition of offenders and factors associated with food crime. Results indicate that the prevalence of food crime occurs in the context of ‘cheap capitalism’, which is characterized by low price, inferior quality of products and degraded social morality and business ethics. A closer interaction among government, industry and academia, forming a triple helix, is playing an increasingly significant role in causing food crime.
Liquid-jet laser–plasma extreme ultraviolet sources: from droplets to filaments

The laser plasma is one of the major contenders as a high-power source for future high-volume-manufacturing extreme ultraviolet lithography systems. Such laser–plasma sources require a target system that allows high-repetition-rate operation with low debris and manageable thermal load at the required high laser power. In this paper, we review the development of the liquid-jet target laser plasmas, from droplets to filaments, with special emphasis on its applicability for high-power extreme ultraviolet generation. We focus on two target systems, the liquid-xenon-jet and the liquid-tin-jet.
Effect of alterations of the specific activity of the intracellular acetyl CoA pool on apparent rates of hepatic cholesterogenesis.

We have previously shown significant dilution of the specific activity of the intracellular acetyl CoA pool when radiolabeled acetate is used as the precursor in liver slice experiments. In the present study, using liver from animals subjected to various manipulations known to alter the rate of cholesterogenesis, the specific activity of the intramitochondrial acetyl CoA pool was 27-49% of the theoretical specific activity expected if no endogenous dilution occurred. Because the cytosolic acetyl CoA pool that gives rise to cholesterol is not in equilibrium with the intramitochondrial pool, these values cannot be used to correct the flux of labeled carbon from [(14)C]acetate into cholesterol. However, because [(14)C]octanoate is rapidly oxidized intramitochondrially to acetyl CoA, which feeds both the intra- and extramitochondrial metabolic pathways, [(14)C]octanoate can be utilized to determine true flux rates of C(2) units into cholesterol and other products. Using this substrate in liver slices from animals subjected to a variety of experimental manipulations, the specific activity of the intracellular acetyl CoA pool was 54-71% of the expected specific activity. After correction for endogenous dilution, the C(2) flux into cholesterol varied from 335 to 459 nmoles.g(-1). hr(-1) in control animals, was suppressed 10-40-fold in animals subjected to fasting and cholesterol feeding, and increased into the range of 1500 nmoles.g(-1). hr(-1) after derepression with cholestyramine feeding or biliary diversion. Data also are presented that show very good agreement between the corrected C(2) flux rate from octanoate into cholesterol and microsomal HMG CoA reductase activity in the same liver under conditions in which the synthetic rates were varied over a 100-fold range.
Examination of Peer Contextual Performance Ratings in Co-located and Virtual Teams Using the Social Relations Model

ii Acknowledgments . iii List of Tables . vi List of Figures . viii Chapter One: Literature Review . 1 Teams in the Workplace: Implications for Performance Management . 1 An Interpersonal Perception Perspective on Performance Appraisal . 11 Chapter Two: Method . 40 Participants and Procedure . 40 Measures . 43 Chapter Three: Overview of Data Analysis . 46 Establishing Measurement Invariance Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. 46 Social Relations Model Calculations . 48 Chapter Four: Results . 56 Confirmatory Factor Analysis . 56 Descriptive Analyses . 61 Social Relations Model Analysis . 63 Chapter Five: Discussion . 73 Factors Contributing to Peer Performance Ratings . 74
Community Schools

Community schools offer children an integrated set of educational and social services, but sound scientific evidence on their effectiveness is lacking. Therefore, this study reviews the literature on community schools. First, we characterize community schools and find that their key activities are cooperating with other institutions, involving parents, and offering extracurricular activities. Second, we describe an exemplary community school for which causal evidence shows improved academic achievement. Third, we explore whether the three main activities of community schools influence academic performance, dropout, and risky behavior. Academic performance does not appear to be influenced by extracurricular activities. On the other hand, extracurricular activities do appear to be related to reduced dropout and risky behavior. In addition, there is a positive association of cooperation and parental involvement with academic achievement, and a negative correlation of these two factors with dropout and risky behavior. However, more causal evidence is needed before it can be concluded that community schools are effective.
New Virtual SPIHT Tree Structures for Very Low Memory Strip-Based Image Compression

Images obtained with wavelet-based compression techniques such as set-partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) yield very good results. However, a lot of memory space is required as the wavelet coefficients for the whole image need to be stored for the process of set-partitioning coding. In this letter, we propose new virtual SPIHT tree structures for very low memory strip-based image compression. The advantage of the proposed work is that it reduces the memory requirements for practical software and hardware implementations significantly without sacrificing performance.
Prolegomena to a Theory of Phonology

This paper discusses various types of phonological phenomena, some of the concepts that linguists have employed in dealing with them, and certain questions to which previous work in phonological theory has not provided satisfactory answers. These considerations lead to the recognition of some distinctions heretofore overlooked and to a new theory of phonology, certain features of which are outlined. Certain fairly conspicuous features of phonological patterning have long been recognized. It is probably beyond dispute that at least the following types of phenomena (described for the present in relatively vague terms) are characteristic of all spoken languages and hence must be accounted for: 1. UNITS. Perhaps the fundamental fact about phonology is that (in all spoken languages) the phonological entities corresponding to minimal elements of the grammatical system (i.e. morphemes in the terminology of some linguists) are in general not minimal but are divisible into smaller phonological entities. In somewhat looser phraseology it might be said that morphemes (or minimal grammatical signs) have phonological 'parts' which recur as parts of other morphemes. That amounts to stating that there exist such things as phonological units independently of grammatical units. Accordingly the term 'units' may be used as a short label for this property. It has commonly also been observed that the number of such phonological units is smaller than the number of morphemes. This fundamental property is the basis of Hjelmslev's distinction between expression and content: '. a description in accordance with our principles must analyze content and expression separately, with each of the two analyses eventually yielding a restricted number of entities, which are not necessarily susceptible of one-to-one matching with entities in the opposite plane. '2 Bloomfield described the property as follows in his Postulates:3 'Different morphemes may be alike or partly alike as to vocal features . A minimum same of vocal feature is a phoneme or distinctive sound. As, for instance, English [b, s, t], the English normal wordstress, the Chinese tones . The number of different phonemes in a language is a small sub-multiple of the number of forms. '
Do the Effects of Social Nudges Persist? Theory and Evidence from 38 Natural Field Experiments

This study examines the mechanisms underlying long-run reductions in energy consumption caused by a widely studied social nudge. Our investigation considers two channels: physical capital in the home and habit formation in the household. Using data from 38 natural field experiments, we isolate the role of physical capital by comparing treatment and control homes after the original household moves, which ends treatment. We find 35 to 55 percent of the reductions persist once treatment ends and show this is consonant with the physical capital channel. Methodologically, our findings have important implications for the design and assessment of behavioral interventions.
Interleukin‐21 induces the differentiation of human Tc22 cells via phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription

Interleukin‐21 (IL‐21) exerts critical functions in T helper type 17 (Th17) cell development. However, the effect of IL‐21 on the differentiation of IL‐22‐producing T cells is not clear. Here we showed that IL‐21 induced the differentiation of human naive CD8+ T cells into Tc22 cells without the expression of IL‐17. The addition of transforming growth factor‐β inhibited the production of IL‐22 but induced the production of IL‐17. Both IL‐15 and IL‐2 induced interferon‐γ production but did not induce differentiation of Tc22, which suggests that common γ‐chain signals are not specific to promote IL‐22 synthesis. The IL‐21 induced naive CD8+ T cells to produce IL‐22 in greater amounts than memory CD8+ T cells. In addition, we demonstrated that IL‐21 promoted the proliferation and increased the expression of IL‐21 receptors on activated naive CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, IL‐21 increased the expression of granzyme B molecules. Analysis of molecular mechanisms indicated that IL‐21 induced phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1, 3 and 5 in CD8+ T cells. Overall, our data indicated that IL‐21, an effector cytokine produced by CD4+ T cells, might mediate the cross‐talk between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells through the production of IL‐22.
Mass Drug Administration Coverage Evaluation Survey for Lymphatic Filariasis in Bagalkot and Gulbarga Districts

Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is endemic in 83 countries and territories, with more than a billion people at risk of infection. In view with the global elimination, mass drug administration (MDA) with single dose of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole tablets was carried out for the eligible population in Bagalkot and Gulbarga districts. Objective: Assess coverage of MDA against LF in Bagalkot and Gulbarga districts. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional coverage evaluation survey, one urban and three rural clusters were selected randomly in each district. The data were collected in a pretested performa, computed and analyzed using SPSS-10 to calculate frequencies and proportions. Results: A total of eight clusters in two districts resulted in a total study population of 1,228 individuals. The overall compliance rate in Bagalkot district was 78.6% and in Gulbarga district it was only 38.8%. The prime reason for noncompliance was fear of side effects and not received tablets. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for more effective drug delivery strategies to improve the compliance in both the districts.