Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil and Monocyte Bactericidal Responses to 10 Weeks of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Sedentary Adults

Neutrophils and monocytes are key components of the innate immune system that undergo age-associated declines in function. This study compared the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on immune function in sedentary adults. Twenty-seven (43 ± 11 years) healthy sedentary adults were randomized into ten weeks of either a HIIT (>90% maximum heart rate) or MICT (70% maximum heart rate) group training program. Aerobic capacity (VO2peak), neutrophil and monocyte bacterial phagocytosis and oxidative burst, cell surface receptor expression, and systemic inflammation were measured before and after the training. Total exercise time commitment was 57% less for HIIT compared to that for MICT while both significantly improved VO2peak similarly. Neutrophil phagocytosis and oxidative burst and monocyte phagocytosis and percentage of monocytes producing an oxidative burst were improved by training similarly in both groups. Expression of monocyte but not neutrophil CD16, TLR2, and TLR4 was reduced by training similarly in both groups. No differences in systemic inflammation were observed for training; however, leptin was reduced in the MICT group only. With similar immune-enhancing effects for HIIT compared to those for MICT at 50% of the time commitment, our results support HIIT as a time efficient exercise option to improve neutrophil and monocyte function.
Relationship between plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and hypertension in American Indians: findings from the Strong Heart Study

Objectives: Deficient plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) prevented hypertension in mice. Plasma PAI-1 was associated with hypertension in cross-sectional analyses, but the prospective association of PAI-1 with incident hypertension in large epidemiological studies is scarce. Methods: Leveraging two longitudinal cohorts of American Indians in the Strong Heart Study (SHS, N = 1019) and the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS, N = 1502), we examined the prospective association of plasma PAI-1 with incident hypertension by multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, study site, smoking, drinking, dietary sodium, obesity, lipids, fasting glucose, kidney function, inflammation, and follow-up years. Family relatedness in the SHFS was accounted for using the GLIMMIX procedure. Plasma PAI-1 level at baseline was measured by immunoassay. All participants were free of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic kidney disease at baseline. Results: A total of 305 and 258 participants, respectively, from the SHS (57 ± 7 years) and the SHFS (33 ± 13 years) developed incident hypertension during follow-up. In the SHS, higher level of log-transformed PAI-1 was associated with 1.35-fold increased risk of hypertension [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval): 1.35 (1.06–1.72)]. Analysis using categorical PAI-1 (in tertiles) showed that participants in the highest tertile (≥58 ng/ml) had 63% increased risk for hypertension [OR = 1.63 (1.12–2.37)] compared with those in the lowest tertile (<33 ng/ml). This association was confirmed in the SHFS with similar effect sizes [OR = 1.41 (1.11–1.81) for log-transformed PAI-1; OR = 1.64 (1.08–2.50) for categorical PAI-1: ≥58 vs. <33 ng/ml]. Conclusion: A higher level of plasma PAI-1 is significantly associated with hypertension in American Indians, independent of established risk factors. The potential causality warrants further investigation.
Increasing Burden of Total Hip Arthroplasty Revisions in Patients Between 45 and 64 Years of Age

Background: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of total hip arthroplasty (THA) revisions in the U.S. from 2007 to 2013. Methods: International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes were used to identify all THA revisions in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2007 to 2013. The diagnoses leading to the revisions, types of revisions, major inpatient complications, and hospital and patient characteristics were compared between 2007 and 2013. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for complications in 2013 versus 2007. Results: This study identified 320,496 THA revisions performed between 2007 and 2013. From 2007 to 2013, the THA revision rate adjusted for U.S. population growth increased by 30.4% in patients between 45 and 64 years of age and decreased in all other age groups. The rate of surgically treated THA dislocations decreased by 14.3% from 2007 to 2013 (p < 0.0001). The mean length of the hospital stay and hospital costs for THA revision were significantly lower in 2013 than in 2007 (4.6 versus 5.8 days and $20,463 versus $25,401 both p < 0.0001). A multivariable model showed that the odds of a patient undergoing THA revision having the following inpatient complications were significantly lower in 2013 than in 2007: deep vein thrombosis (OR = 0.57, p = 0.004), pulmonary embolism (OR = 0.45, p = 0.047), myocardial infarction (OR = 0.52, p = 0.003), transfusion (OR = 0.64, p < 0.0001), pneumonia (OR = 0.56, p < 0.0001), urinary tract infection (OR = 0.66, p < 0.0001), and mortality (OR = 0.50, p = 0.0009). Notably, the odds of being discharged to a skilled nursing facility were also lower in 2013 than in 2007 (OR = 0.71, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The THA revision rate has significantly increased in patients between 45 and 64 years of age. However, the rate of surgically treated THA dislocations has decreased significantly. This may indicate that evolving techniques and implants are improving stability. The rate of inpatient complications following THA revision also decreased significantly from 2007 to 2013. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Construction of Designer Selectable Marker Deletions with a CRISPR-Cas9 Toolbox in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and New Design of Common Entry Vectors

Vectors encoding selectable markers have been widely used in yeast to maintain or express exogenous DNA fragments. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, several engineered markers have been reported and widely used, such as ura4+ and ScLEU2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which complement ura4 and leu1 mutations, respectively. These two auxotrophic markers share no homology with the S. pombe genome; however, most others can recombine with the genome due to sequence homology shared between the genomic and plasmid-borne copies of the markers. Here, we describe a CRISPR-Cas9 toolbox that can be used to quickly introduce “designer” auxotrophic marker deletions into host strains, including leu1-Δ0, his3-Δ0, and lys9-Δ0. Together with ura4-D18, this brings the total number of available designer deletion auxotrophic markers to four. The toolbox consists of a Cas9-gRNA expression vector and a donor DNA plasmid pair for each designer deletion. Using this toolbox, a set of auxotrophic S. pombe strains was constructed. Further, we reorganized essential components in the commonly used pREP series of plasmids and assembled the corresponding auxotrophic marker gene onto these plasmids. This toolbox for producing designer deletions, together with the newly developed strains and plasmids, will benefit the whole yeast community.
Forces released during alignment with a preadjusted appliances with SPEED supercable wire and different types of elastomeric ligatures

Introduction: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate a new combination of wire and ligature to reduce friction further by combining slide ligatures and supercable wires. Materials and Methods: The testing model consisted of five stainless steel 0.022 inch preadjusted brackets for second premolar, first premolar, canine, lateral incisor, and central incisor. The canine bracket was welded to a sliding bar that allowed different vertical positions. The forces generated by five sizes of wires superelastic nickel-titanium (SE Ni-Ti) (Unitek Nitinol Super-Elastic Archwire) of diameter 0.012", 0.014", 0.016", 0.018", and 0.020" inch and three sizes of SPEED supercable wires (0.016", 0.018", and 0.022" inch) with the two types of elastomeric ligatures; conventional elastomeric ligatures (CELs) (Unitek, silver mini modules, with inside diameter of 1.3 mm and thickness of 0.9 mm) and nonconventional elastomeric ligatures (NCELs) (Slide, Leone Orthodontic Products, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy) at different amounts of upward canine misalignment (CM) (1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 mm) were recorded. Results and Conclusions: Significant differences between CEL and NCEL were found for all tested variables (P - 0.01) a noticeable amount of force was generated with the NCEL at all four canine positions with all three wire sizes (from about 50 to about 150 g). With 4.5 mm of CM or more, the average amount of released force with the CEL was approximately zero.
Research Program

Group actions are ubiquitous in mathematics. To understand a mathematical object, it is often helpful to understand its symmetries as expressed by a group. For example, a group acts on a ring by automorphisms, preserving its structure. Analogously, a Lie algebra acts on a ring by derivations. Unifying these two types of actions are Hopf algebras acting on rings. A Hopf algebra is not only an algebra, but also a coalgebra, and the notion of an action preserving the structure of a ring uses this structure. The category of representations of a Hopf algebra is correspondingly rich—it is a tensor category. Mathematicians studying tensor categories and their many applications are led to study Hopf algebras, and vice versa. Hopf algebras can behave quite differently from groups and Lie algebras. Their representations can have a noncommutative flavor (due to asymmetry in the tensor product), making them more challenging to study. I take a homological and geometric approach to the representation theory of Hopf algebras, expanding what is known for finite groups and Lie algebras to accommodate noncommutativity. My research program involves collaborations with many mathematicians including postdocs and graduate students. Part of it targets understanding of Hopf algebras and their categories of representations, algebras on which they act, and related structures such as smash products (i.e. rings built out of Hopf algebras and rings on which they act) and their deformations. Most of my techniques are homological, involving Hopf algebra cohomology and Hochschild cohomology. Another part of my research program is directly aimed at some fundamental questions about cohomology for algebras or tensor categories more generally. My recent and current projects can be grouped into three areas as described below: support variety theory, cohomology of Hopf algebras, and algebraic deformations and structure of Hochschild cohomology.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

&NA; Clinical implications for patients with lung cancer BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common smoking‐related illness. COPD often is underemphasized as a comorbidity except when considering issues surrounding surgical treatment options. OBJECTIVES: This article aims to provide nurses with an overview of the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment implications of COPD. METHODS: Definitions, differentials, and treatment considerations are provided, and clinical implications and resources are described. FINDINGS: The added burden of dyspnea, fatigue, and psychological distress related to COPD may affect the overall outcome and quality of life (QOL) of patients with lung cancer. Attention to the prevention, assessment, and treatment of lung cancer and COPD and related symptomatology will help maximize patients' QOL.
Pharmacodynamically Guided Levofloxacin Dosing for Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Background. Oral levofloxacin is recommended as a preferred treatment for infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae with a penicillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≥4 µg/mL and as an alternative for infection with S pneumoniae with a penicillin MIC of ≤2 µg/mL. To investigate the current dosing recommendations and create a pharmacodynamically guided regimen, a Monte Carlo simulation was performed. Methods. The simulation included a previously published 1-compartment model, and incorporated a formula that takes into account age-appropriate weights for hospitalized patients. Three different dosing regimens, including community-acquired pneumonia guideline dosing, inhalational anthrax dosing, and a pharmacodynamically guided regimen, were assessed. The probability of target attainment was described as the proportion of patients who achieve an unbound-drug area under the concentration-time curve over 24 hours divided by the MIC above 33.7 µg/mL per hour. Microbiologic data from 2 stand-alone pediatric tertiary care centers were included. Results. Guideline-recommended doses of levofloxacin seem to produce suboptimal exposure in patients aged 5-14 years for pneumococci with an MIC of 1 µg/mL. Anthrax dosing was suboptimal in patients aged <5 years and in those aged >15 years. The pharmacodynamically guided regimen maintained a probability of target attainment of >90% for all age groups without producing peak concentrations higher than those previously described. None of the regimens attained the pharmacodynamic targets for a levofloxacin MIC of 2 µg/mL. Conclusions. Current dosing recommendations were found to be suboptimal for specific age groups. A pharmacodynamically guided levofloxacin dosing regimen was determined, but it will need to be studied clinically for safety and tolerability.
Real Wage Cyclicality of Job Stayers, Within-Company Job Movers, and Between-Company Job Movers

Using the British New Earnings Survey Panel Data for 1975–2001, the authors estimate the wage cyclicality (the degree to which wage levels rise and fall with economic upturns and downturns) of three groups: job stayers, within-company job movers, and between-company job movers. Wages of internal movers, they find, were slightly more procyclical, and wages of external movers considerably more procyclical, than those of stayers. The greater cyclicality of movers' wages is particularly apparent for private sector workers and persons not covered by collective agreements. Nevertheless, because job stayers comprised about 90% of all observations in this large sample of British workers, the procyclicality of their wages was the predominant determinant of the overall procyclical pattern found across all groups. Thus, the analysis does not support the implication of some rigid wage models that employers use job title changes to adjust wages to the business cycle.
Tropical Secondary Forest Management Influences Frugivorous Bat Composition, Abundance and Fruit Consumption in Chiapas, Mexico

Most studies on frugivorous bat assemblages in secondary forests have concentrated on differences among successional stages, and have disregarded the effect of forest management. Secondary forest management practices alter the vegetation structure and fruit availability, important factors associated with differences in frugivorous bat assemblage structure, and fruit consumption and can therefore modify forest succession. Our objective was to elucidate factors (forest structural variables and fruit availability) determining bat diversity, abundance, composition and species-specific abundance of bats in (i) secondary forests managed by Lacandon farmers dominated by Ochroma pyramidale, in (ii) secondary forests without management, and in (iii) mature rain forests in Chiapas, Southern Mexico. Frugivorous bat species diversity (Shannon H’) was similar between forest types. However, bat abundance was highest in rain forest and O. pyramidale forests. Bat species composition was different among forest types with more Carollia sowelli and Sturnira lilium captures in O. pyramidale forests. Overall, bat fruit consumption was dominated by early-successional shrubs, highest late-successional fruit consumption was found in rain forests and more bats consumed early-successional shrub fruits in O. pyramidale forests. Ochroma pyramidale forests presented a higher canopy openness, tree height, lower tree density and diversity of fruit than secondary forests. Tree density and canopy openness were negatively correlated with bat species diversity and bat abundance, but bat abundance increased with fruit abundance and tree height. Hence, secondary forest management alters forests’ structural characteristics and resource availability, and shapes the frugivorous bat community structure, and thereby the fruit consumption by bats.
Singular role for T-BET+CXCR3+ regulatory T cells in protection from autoimmune diabetes

Significance We analyzed the transcriptome, phenotype, and function of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltrating the pancreatic lesion of NOD mice and found a unique and nonredundant role for T-BET–dependent, CXCR3+ Tregs in the control of autoimmune diabetes. In particular, pancreatic Tregs were enriched for the T-BET–dependent CXCR3+ population. Genetic deficiency of T-BET in Treg cells dramatically accelerated diabetes and eliminated the sex bias common to NOD mice. These findings have implications for the therapeutic targeting of Treg cells in type 1 diabetes and other Treg-associated disorders. Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are crucial for restraining inflammation in a variety of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the transcriptional and functional phenotypes of Treg cells within the pancreatic lesion remain poorly understood. Here we characterized pancreas-infiltrating Treg cells in the NOD mouse model of T1D and uncovered a substantial enrichment of the Treg subpopulation expressing the chemokine receptor CXCR3. Accumulation of CXCR3+ Treg cells within pancreatic islets was dependent on the transcription factor T-BET, and genetic ablation of T-BET increased the onset and penetrance of disease, abrogating the sex bias normally seen in the NOD model. Both male and female mice lacking T-BET+ Treg cells showed a more aggressive insulitic infiltrate, reflected most prominently by elevated production of type 1 cytokines. Our results suggest the possibility of fine therapeutic targeting of Treg cells, in a tissue- and cell-subset–specific fashion, as a more focused immunotherapy for T1D.
Human action recognition using SIFT and HOG method

Many techniques have been developed for human action recognition. The ability to detect human action can prevent lots of criminal and suspicious activities. Mostly training dataset consist of large dataset as compared to test samples. Using Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Histogram Of Image Gradient (HOG) for extraction of features in addition to Support Vector Machine (SVM) Classifier we can achieve detection of different dataset of five different actions. Our results are comparable to tests performed with a very large database. The proposed work is simple and unique related to human action recognition. The research stage, utilized for the usage of the proposed work, is MATLAB. At the end, table is formulated for the comparison of results from SIFT and HOG feature extraction methods.
Frontal lesions predict response to prism adaptation treatment in spatial neglect: A randomised controlled study

ABSTRACT Spatial neglect commonly follows right hemisphere stroke. It is defined as impaired contralesional stimulus detection, response, or action, causing functional disability. While prism adaptation treatment is highly promising to promote functional recovery of spatial neglect, not all individuals respond. Consistent with a primary effect of prism adaptation on spatial movements, we previously demonstrated that functional improvement after prism adaptation treatment is linked to frontal lobe lesions. However, that study was a treatment-only study with no randomised control group. The current study randomised individuals with spatial neglect to receive 10 days of prism adaptation treatment or to receive only standard care (control group). Replicating our earlier results, we found that the presence of frontal lesions moderated response to prism adaptation treatment: among prism-treated patients, only those with frontal lesions demonstrated functional improvements in their neglect symptoms. Conversely, among individuals in the standard care control group, the presence of frontal lesions did not modify recovery. These results suggest that further research is needed on how frontal lesions may predict response to prism adaptation treatment. Additionally, the results help elucidate the neural network involved in spatial movement and could be used to aid decisions about treatment.
2017 Year in Review and Message from the Editors to Our Reviewers

The February issue of Neurology® Genetics again starts off with a review of articles that our editors found interesting in Neurology: Genetics and other journals over the course of 2017. It is a collection of articles from different walks of the genetics field, introduced with a brief commentary that should encourage the reader to delve further into the details of the topic.
Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure Analysis of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto Complex Based on Mitochondrial DNA Signature

The genetic diversity and population genetics of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto complex were investigated based on sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Total 81 isolates of hydatid cyst collected from ungulate animals from different geographical areas of North India were identified by sequencing of cytochrome c oxidase subunit1 (coxi) gene. Three genotypes belonging to E. granulosus sensu stricto complex were identified (G1, G2 and G3 genotypes). Further the nucleotide sequences (retrieved from GenBank) for the coxi gene from seven populations of E. granulosus sensu stricto complex covering 6 continents, were compared with sequences of isolates analysed in this study. Molecular diversity indices represent overall high mitochondrial DNA diversity for these populations, but low nucleotide diversity between haplotypes. The neutrality tests were used to analyze signatures of historical demographic events. The Tajima’s D test and Fu’s FS test showed negative value, indicating deviations from neutrality and both suggested recent population expansion for the populations. Pairwise fixation index was significant for pairwise comparison of different populations (except between South America and East Asia, Middle East and Europe, South America and Europe, Africa and Australia), indicating genetic differentiation among populations. Based on the findings of the present study and those from earlier studies, we hypothesize that demographic expansion occurred in E. granulosus after the introduction of founder haplotype particular by anthropogenic movements.