Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strong converse and second-order asymptotics of channel resolvability

We study the problem of channel resolvability for fixed i.i. d. input distributions and discrete memoryless channels (DMCs), and derive the strong converse theorem for any DMCs that are not necessarily full rank. We also derive the optimal second-order rate under a condition. Furthermore, under the condition that a DMC has the unique capacity achieving input distribution, we derive the optimal second-order rate of channel resolvability for the worst input distribution.
Uniform in bandwidth consistency of conditional U-statistics

Very recently, Gin? and Mason introduced the notion of a local U-process, which generalizes that of a local empirical process, and obtained central limit theorems and laws of the iterated logarithm for this class. We apply the methods developed in Einmahl and Mason [Ann. Statist. 33 (2005) 1380-1403] and Gin? and Mason [Ann. Statist. 35 (2007) 1105-1145; J. Theor. Probab. 20 (2007) 457-485] to establish uniform in t and in bandwidth consistency to m(t) of the estimator proposed by Stute. We also discuss how our results are used in the analysis of estimators with data-dependent bandwidths.
Nber Working Paper Series the Slow Growth of New Plants: Learning about Demand? the Slow Growth of New Plants: Learning about Demand?

IO, and UBC Summer IO meetings for their comments. We thank Lauren Deason for her excellent work developing the downstream demand indicators. Any opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Census Bureau or the National Bureau of Economic Research. All results have been reviewed to ensure that no confidential information is disclosed. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. ABSTRACT It is well known that new businesses are typically much smaller than their established industry competitors, and that this size gap closes slowly. We show that even in commodity-like product markets, these patterns do not reflect productivity gaps, but rather differences in demand-side fundamentals. We document and explore patterns in plants' idiosyncratic demand levels by estimating a dynamic model of plant expansion in the presence of a demand accumulation process (e.g., building a customer base). We find active accumulation driven by plants' past production decisions quantitatively dominates passive demand accumulation, and that within-firm spillovers affect demand levels but not growth.
Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in patients with normal serum creatinine undergoing primary PCI: is it really normal?

1. Locatelli F, Canaud B, Eckardt KU, Stenvinkel P, Wanner C, Zoccali C. Oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease: an emerging threat to patient outcome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18: 1272–1280 2. Kitiyakara C, Gonin J, Massy Z, Wilcox CS. Non-traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors in end-stage renal disease: oxidate stress and hyperhomocysteinemia. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2000; 9: 477–487 3. Mody N, Parhami F, Sarafian TA, Demer LL. Oxidative stress modulates osteoblastic differentiation of vascular and bone cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31: 509–519 4. Lean JM, Davies JT, Fuller K et al. A crucial role for thiol antioxidants in estrogen-deficiency bone loss. J Clin Invest 2003; 112: 915–923 5. Urena P, Hruby M, Ferreira A, Ang KS, de Vernejoul MC. Plasma total vs bone alkaline phosphatase as markers of bone turnover in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7: 506–512 6. Mallamaci F, Tripepi G, Cutrupi S, Malatino LS, Zoccali C. Prognostic value of combined use of biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardiopathy in patients with ESRD. Kidney Int 2005; 67: 2330–2337
Introduction Emerging from the abyss - archaeology in the Pilbara region of Western Australia

Deep within the abyss of archaeological consulting reports in Western Australia numerous archaeological sites lurk. Often comprehensively described with artefacts systematically measured and occasional radiocarbon dates, these sites should contribute much to our current understanding of the archaeology of Western Australia. But these sites have been recorded as part of consulting projects. Archaeological consulting is not research and is rarely carried out with research questions in mind. Sites are recorded because of their location in relation to a proposed mineral development project, road realignment, or town expansion. The consultant's job is to get there promptly, and, working with Traditional Owners, record what is there and, more often than not, provide the 'heritage clearance' that will enable a proposed development project to proceed apace. Roads and drilling programs can after all be realigned to avoid archaeological sites. Where this is not possible, sites may be recorded in detail, their archaeological significance assessed and recommendations made for their management. Assessing archaeological significance is often problematic and often able to be achieved in only a very limited way, since the only other comparative local data that may be available will be in other consulting reports written by the same consultant. Questions that might allow significance assessments some consequence are not researched or tested in any meaningful way (cf. Brown 2008). Sometimes, albeit rarely, sites may be comprehensively recorded, salvaged or excavated. It is at this point that the opportunity for research may step in, although what exactly constitutes detailed recording or salvage is not clearly specified under current Western Australian heritage legislation and has been open to tragic interpretation. Moreover, Aboriginal communities, perhaps unaware of the stories that can be retrieved from sites where a comprehensive analysis of archaeological material has been undertaken, may prefer that collected material is not researched but simply bagged and stored for future redistribution on the land. Whatever happens, it is rare for the results of these projects to see the light of day. So what does this mean for archaeology? Consulting reports are not published or readily available. Peer review is
Precipitation of low‐temperature dolomite from an anaerobic microbial consortium: the role of methanogenic Archaea

Here we report precipitation of dolomite at low temperature (30 °C) mediated by a mixed anaerobic microbial consortium composed of dissimilatory iron‐reducing bacteria (DIRB), fermenters, and methanogens. Initial solution geochemistry is controlled by DIRB, but after 90 days shifts to a system dominated by methanogens. In live experiments conditions are initially saturated with respect to dolomite (Ωdol = 19.40) and increase by two orders of magnitude (Ωdol = 2 330.77) only after the onset of methanogenesis, as judged by the increasing [CH4] and the detection of methanogenic micro‐organisms. We identify ordered dolomite in live microcosms after 90 days via powder X‐ray diffraction, while sterile controls precipitate only calcite. Scanning electron microscopy and transmitted electron microscopy demonstrate that the precipitated dolomite is closely associated with cell walls and putative extra‐cellular polysaccharides. Headspace gas measurements and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis confirm the presence of both autotrophic and acetoclastic methanogens and exclude the presence of DIRB and sulfate‐reducing bacteria after dolomite begins forming. Furthermore, the absence of dolomite in the controls and prior to methanogenesis confirm that methanogenic Archaea are necessary for the low‐temperature precipitation of dolomite under the experimental conditions tested.
Reservoir Computing with high non-linear separation and long-term memory for time-series data analysis

Left unchecked the degradation of reinforced concrete can result in the weakening of a structure and lead to both hazardous and costly problems throughout the built environment. In some cases failure to recognise the problem and apply appropriate remedies has already resulted in fatalities. The problem increases with the age of any structures and consequently has become more pressing throughout the latter half of the 20 century. It is therefore of paramount importance to assess and repair these structures using an accurate and cost-effective approach. ElectroMagnetic Anomaly Detection (EMAD) is one such approach where currently analysis is performed visually, which is undesirable. A relatively new Recurrent Artificial Neural Network (RANN) approach which overcomes problems which have prohibited the widespread use of RANNs, Reservoir Computing (RC), is investigated here. This research aimed to automate the detection of defects within reinforced concrete using RC while gaining further insights into fundamental properties of an RC architecture when applied to real-world time-series datasets. As a product of these studies a novel RC architecture, Reservoir with Random Static Projections (RSP), has been developed. RSP helps to address what this research shows to be an antagonistic trade-off between a standard RC architecture’s ability to transform its input data onto a highly non-linear state space whilst at the same time possessing a short-term memory of its
Airborne transmission of disease in hospitals

Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is an important public health issue with unacceptable levels of morbidity and mortality, over the last 5 years. Disease can be transmitted by air (over large distances), by direct/indirect contact or a combination of both routes. While contact transmission of disease forms the majority of HAI cases, transmission through the air is harder to control, but one where the engineering sciences can play an important role in limiting the spread. This forms the focus of this themed volume. In this paper, we describe the current hospital environment and review the contributions from microbiologists, mechanical and civil engineers, and mathematicians to this themed volume on the airborne transmission of infection in hospitals. The review also points out some of the outstanding scientific questions and possible approaches to mitigating transmission.
Discovering Cooperative Relationships of Chromatin Modifications in Human T Cells Based on a Proposed Closeness Measure

Background Eukaryotic transcription is accompanied by combinatorial chromatin modifications that serve as functional epigenetic markers. Composition of chromatin modifications specifies histone codes that regulate the associated gene. Discovering novel chromatin regulatory relationships are of general interest. Methodology/Principal Findings Based on the premise that the interaction of chromatin modifications is hypothesized to influence CpG methylation, we present a closeness measure to characterize the regulatory interactions of epigenomic features. The closeness measure is applied to genome-wide CpG methylation and histone modification datasets in human CD4+T cells to select a subset of potential features. To uncover epigenomic and genomic patterns, CpG loci are clustered into nine modules associated with distinct chromatin and genomic signatures based on terms of biological function. We then performed Bayesian network inference to uncover inherent regulatory relationships from the feature selected closeness measure profile and all nine module-specific profiles respectively. The global and module-specific network exhibits topological proximity and modularity. We found that the regulatory patterns of chromatin modifications differ significantly across modules and that distinct patterns are related to specific transcriptional levels and biological function. DNA methylation and genomic features are found to have little regulatory function. The regulatory relationships were partly validated by literature reviews. We also used partial correlation analysis in other cells to verify novel regulatory relationships. Conclusions/Significance The interactions among chromatin modifications and genomic elements characterized by a closeness measure help elucidate cooperative patterns of chromatin modification in transcriptional regulation and help decipher complex histone codes.
Cardiac-Specific Activation of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor–Associated Protein Completely Suppresses Cardiac Hypertrophy in Chronic Angiotensin II–Infused Mice

We cloned a novel molecule interacting with angiotensin II type 1 receptor, which we named ATRAP (for angiotensin II type 1 receptor–associated protein). Previous in vitro studies showed that ATRAP significantly promotes constitutive internalization of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor and further attenuates angiotensin II–mediated hypertrophic responses in cardiomyocytes. The present study was designed to investigate the putative functional role of ATRAP in cardiac hypertrophy by angiotensin II infusion in vivo. We first examined the effect of angiotensin II infusion on endogenous ATRAP expression in the heart of C57BL/6J wild-type mice. The angiotensin II treatment promoted cardiac hypertrophy, concomitant with a significant decrease in cardiac ATRAP expression, but without significant change in cardiac angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression. We hypothesized that a downregulation of the cardiac ATRAP to angiotensin II type 1 receptor ratio is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. To examine this hypothesis, we next generated transgenic mice expressing ATRAP specifically in cardiomyocytes under control of the &agr;-myosin heavy chain promoter. In cardiac-specific ATRAP transgenic mice, the development of cardiac hypertrophy, activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and expression of hypertrophy-related genes in the context of angiotensin II treatment were completely suppressed, in spite of there being no significant difference in blood pressure on radiotelemetry between the transgenic mice and littermate control mice. These results demonstrate that cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of ATRAP in vivo abolishes the cardiac hypertrophy provoked by chronic angiotensin II infusion, thereby suggesting ATRAP to be a novel therapeutic target in cardiac hypertrophy.
Search for photons with energies above 1018 eV using the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

A search for ultra-high energy photons with energies above 1 EeV is performed using nine years of data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory in hybrid operation mode. An unprecedented separation power between photon and hadron primaries is achieved by combining measurements of the longitudinal air-shower development with the particle content at ground measured by the fluorescence and surface detectors, respectively. Only three photon candidates at energies 1–2 EeV are found, which is compatible with the expected hadron-induced background. Upper limits on the integral flux of ultra-high energy photons of 0.027, 0.009, 0.008, 0.008 and 0.007 km−2 sr−1 yr−1 are derived at 95% C.L. for energy thresholds of 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 EeV. These limits bound the fractions of photons in the all-particle integral flux below 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.33%, 0.85% and 2.7%. For the first time the photon fraction at EeV energies is constrained at the sub-percent level. The improved limits are below the flux of diffuse photons predicted by some astrophysical scenarios for cosmogenic photon production. The new results rule-out the early top-down models − in which ultra-high energy cosmic rays are produced by, e.g., the decay of super-massive particles − and challenge the most recent super-heavy dark matter models.
Filensin and phakinin form a novel type of beaded intermediate filaments and coassemble de novo in cultured cells

The fiber cells of the eye lens possess a unique cytoskeletal system known as the "beaded-chain filaments" (BFs). BFs consist of filensin and phakinin, two recently characterized intermediate filament (IF) proteins. To examine the organization and the assembly of these heteropolymeric IFs, we have performed a series of in vitro polymerization studies and transfection experiments. Filaments assembled from purified filensin and phakinin exhibit the characteristic 19-21-nm periodicity seen in many types of IFs upon low angle rotary shadowing. However, quantitative mass-per-length (MPL) measurements indicate that filensin/phakinin filaments comprise two distinct and dissociable components: a core filament and a peripheral filament moiety. Consistent with a nonuniform organization, visualization of unfixed and unstained specimens by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) reveals the the existence of a central filament which is decorated by regularly spaced 12-15-nm-diam beads. Our data suggest that the filamentous core is composed of phakinin, which exhibits a tendency to self-assemble into filament bundles, whereas the beads contain filensin/phakinin hetero-oligomers. Filensin and phakinin copolymerize and form filamentous structures when expressed transiently in cultured cells. Experiments in IF-free SW13 cells reveal that coassembly of the lens-specific proteins in vivo does not require a preexisting IF system. In epithelial MCF-7 cells de novo forming filaments appear to grow from distinct foci and organize as thick, fibrous laminae which line the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope. However, filament assembly in CHO and SV40-transformed lens- epithelial cells (both of which are fibroblast-like) yields radial networks which codistribute with the endogenous vimentin IFs. These observations document that the filaments formed by lens-specific IF proteins are structurally distinct from ordinary cytoplasmic IFs. Furthermore, the results suggest that the spatial arrangement of filensin/phakinin filaments in vivo is subject to regulation by host- specific factors. These factors may involve cytoskeletal networks (e.g., vimentin IFs) and/or specific sites associated with the cellular membranes.
Bioassay of Winter Wheat for Gibberellic Acid Sensitivity

Increasing winter wheat seedling growth would make it a better winter cover crop. Gibberellic acid (GA3) seed treatment may accomplish this by stimulating stem growth. A bioassay, mimicking field conditions, could determine the relative sensitivity of conventional and semi-dwarf cultivars. In growth chambers set for cool (10˚C/4˚C) and warm (21˚C/4˚C) conditions, wheat seeds were treated with 0 and 125 to 16,000 ppm GA3. The cultivars Goodstreak (tall or conventional) and Wesley (semi-dwarf) were compared as standards. Emergence and plant height were measured. “Goodstreak” showed a significant growth promotion at 500 ppm GA3 when seeds were dipped and 2000 ppm when GA3 was applied in-furrow under both temperature regimes. “Wesley” in general required the same or a higher dose of GA3. Separately, the seeds of nine other cultivars were treated with GA3 as the standards. Based on maximum height promotion, the most sensitive cultivars under cool conditions were Goodstreak, Harry, Millenium, and Wahoo; under warm conditions, the most sensitive cultivars were Alliance, Goodstreak, Jagalene, and Millenium. In general, the least GA3 sensitive cultivars were Arrowsmith, Scout66, and Wesley. “Buckskin” and “InfinityCL” were intermediate. The rye cultivar Rymin also was tested and showed less sensitivity to GA3 than “Goodstreak”. When 6 benzyladenine (6BA) with GA3 was applied to “Goodstreak” and “Wesley” seed, emergence, plant height and weight, and tiller formation were reduced. Wheat cultivars will respond to GA3 and differ in the amount of GA3 needed. The results of this growth chamber study will guide subsequent field trials.
Antarctic climate response in Last-Interglacial simulations using the Community Earth System Model (CESM2)

We examine results from two transient modelling experiments that simulate the Last Interglacial period (LIG) using the state-of-the-art Community Earth System Model (CESM2), with a focus on climate and ocean changes relevant to the possible collapse of the Antarctic ice sheet. The experiments simulate the early millennia of the LIG warm period using orbital forcing, greenhouse gas concentrations and vegetation appropriate for 127 ka; in the first case ( 127ka ) no other changes are made; in the 5 second case ( 127kaFW ), we include a 0.2 Sv freshwater forcing in the North Atlantic. Both are compared with a pre-industrial control simulation ( piControl ). In the 127ka simulation, the global average temperature is only marginally warmer (0.004 ◦ C) than in the piControl . When freshwater forcing is added ( 127kaFW ), there is surface cooling in the NH and warming in the SH, consistent with the bipolar seesaw effect. Near the Antarctic ice sheet, the 127ka simulation generates notable ocean warming (up to 0.4 ◦ C) at depths below 200 m compared to the piControl . In contrast, the addition of freshwater in the North Atlantic 10 in the 127kaFW run results in a multi-millennial sustained cooling in the subsurface ocean near the Antarctic ice sheet. We explore the
Re-expression of miR-200c suppresses proliferation, colony formation and in vivo tumor growth of murine claudin-low mammary tumor cells

Claudin-low breast cancer is a relatively rare breast cancer subtype. These cancers are typically ER−/PR−/HER2− and express high levels of mesenchymal genes as well as genes associated with inflammation, angiogenesis and stem cell function. In addition to alterations in gene expression, it was recently demonstrated that claudin-low breast cancers express very low levels of the miR-200 family of miRNAs. Given that each miRNA can regulate tens, hundreds or even thousands of genes, miRNAs are being evaluated as therapeutic targets. In this study we show that mammary tumors from MTB-IGFIR transgenic mice and cell lines derived from these tumors represent a model of human claudin-low breast cancer and murine claudin-low mammary tumors and cell lines express only very low levels of all five members of the miR-200 family. Reduced miR-200 family expression appears to be regulated via methylation as cells and tumors expressing low levels of miR-200 family members had higher levels of CpG methylation in a putative promoter region than tumors and cells expressing high levels of miR-200 family members. Re-expression of miR-200c in murine claudin-low mammary tumor cells inhibited tumor cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. With respect to tumor growth in vivo, re-expression of miR-200c was associated with a reduction in tumor vasculature and expression of Flt1 and Vegfc. Therefore, miR-200c is an important regulator of mesenchymal tumor cell growth.