Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Mutation in the Maternally Imprinted PEG3 Domain Results in a Loss of MIMT1 Expression and Causes Abortions and Stillbirths in Cattle (Bos taurus)

Congenital malformations resulting in late abortions and stillbirths affect the economic wellbeing of producers and the welfare of cattle in breeding programs. An extremely high incidence of stillbirths of “half-sized” calves of normal karyotype and uninflated lungs was diagnosed in the progeny of the Finnish Ayrshire (Bos taurus) bull - YN51. No other visible anatomical abnormalities were apparent in the stillborn calves. We herein describe the positional identification of a 110 kb microdeletion in the maternally imprinted PEG3 domain that results in a loss of paternal MIMT1 expression and causes late term abortion and stillbirth in cattle. Using the BovineSNP50 BeadChip we performed a genome-wide half-sib linkage analysis that identified a 13.3 Mb associated region on BTA18 containing the maternally imprinted PEG3 domain. Within this cluster we found a 110 kb microdeletion that removes a part of the non-protein coding MER1 repeat containing imprinted transcript 1 gene (MIMT1). To confirm the elimination of gene expression in calves inheriting this deletion, we examined the mRNA levels of the three maternally imprinted genes within the PEG3 domain, in brain and cotyledon tissue collected from eight fetuses sired by the proband. None of the fetuses that inherited the microdeletion expressed MIMT1 in either tissue. The mutation, when inherited from the sire, is semi-lethal for his progeny with an observed mortality rate of 85%. The survival of 15% is presumably due to the incomplete silencing of maternally inherited MIMT1 alleles. We designed a PCR-based assay to confirm the existence of the microdeletion in the MIMT1 region that can be used to assist cattle breeders in preventing the stillbirths.
The Effect Of Foreign And Domestic Patents On Total Factor Productivity During The Second Half Of The 20th Century

This paper analyses the relationship between total factor productivity (TFP) and innovation-related variables during the second half of the 20th century. We perform this analysis for several European countries (France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Spain) and the U.S., extending Coe and Helpman’s (1995) empirical specification to include human capital. We use a new dataset of patents data for the past 150 years to calculate the stock of knowledge using the perpetual inventory method. Our time series empirical analysis confirms the heterogeneous relationship between innovation variables (domestic stock of knowledge, imports of knowledge, and human capital) and productivity. Our results reveal the extent to which observed differences in technology adoption patterns and the levels of endowment of such resources can explain differences in TFP dynamics across countries. The estimated coefficients confirm the considerable gap that still exists between the European countries and the U.S. in innovation-related variables. Furthermore, we obtain a finding that may have important implications for innovation policies: the higher the level of investment in human capital, the higher the level of investment in domestic innovation, and the higher the response of TFP to a 1% increase in any of the aforementioned variables.
Online card sorting: as good as the paper version

Netsorting is a web based cardsorting tool. Our research group used Netsorting to run a number of experiments on cognitive science and on information architecture. In the study we are presenting here we compared two couples of card sorts with the same data: two performed with Netsorting, the other two with the traditional paper based card sorting. We measured the performance of the two groups with two indices: the number of correct classification and the correlation among sampled subsets of participants. The participants who used Netsorting performed as good as the ones who used the paper sorting.
The ultraviolet emission properties of five low-redshift active galactic nuclei at high signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution

We analyze the ultraviolet (UV) emission line and continuum properties of five low-redshift active galactic nuclei (four luminous quasars: PKS 0405-123, H1821 + 643, PG 0953 + 414, and 3C 273, and one bright Seyfert 1 galaxy: Mrk 205). The HST spectra have higher signal-to-noise ratios (typically approximately 60 per resolution element) and spectral resolution (R = 1300) than all previously published UV spectra used to study the emission characteristics of active galactic nuclei. We include in the analysis ground-based optical spectra covering H beta and the narrow (O III) lambda lambda 4959, 5007 doublet. New results are obtained and presented.
Applying Amdahl's Other Law to the data center

As computing system workloads become more distributed in nature, there is an increasing dependence on the networking interconnects between such systems. As stated by Amdahl's Other Law, this dependence not only exists on the I/O (input/output) subsystem, but also on the memory subsystems. In particular, as processor utilization increases, there is a direct, corresponding increase in memory and I/O utilization. At a broader level, the distribution of workloads is driving the need for computing based on locality (or pods) to achieve the appropriate balance of compute, network, and storage resources. This paper studies the applicability of Amdahl's Other Law to the data center to better understand the relationship between processor systems and the networks interconnecting them. This study is also relevant as multicore systems will become more prevalent to sustain growth of processing performance.
Capital-Skill Complementarity and Inequality in Sweden ∗

Income inequality increased in Sweden during the 1980’s and 90’s. This increase was due to changes in the upper end of the wage distribution and included an increase in the returns to higher education. This paper argues that the increase in income inequality between high and low skilled workers was demand driven and was due to the presence of capital-skill complementarity in production. Increased investments in new, more efficient capital equipment, together with a slowdown in the growth rate of skilled labor, raised the ratio of effective capital inputs per skilled worker, which, in turn, increased the relative demand (and market return) for skilled labor through the capitalskill complementarity mechanism.
Drum-mate: interaction dynamics and gestures in human–humanoid drumming experiments

This article investigates the role of interaction kinesics in human–robot interaction (HRI). We adopted a bottom-up, synthetic approach towards interactive competencies in robots using simple, minimal computational models underlying the robot's interaction dynamics. We present two empirical, exploratory studies investigating a drumming experience with a humanoid robot (KASPAR) and a human. In the first experiment, the turn-taking behaviour of the humanoid is deterministic and the non-verbal gestures of the robot accompany its drumming to assess the impact of non-verbal gestures on the interaction. The second experiment studies a computational framework that facilitates emergent turn-taking dynamics, whereby the particular dynamics of turn-taking emerge from the social interaction between the human and the humanoid. The results from the HRI experiments are presented and analysed qualitatively (in terms of the participants’ subjective experiences) and quantitatively (concerning the drumming performance of the human–robot pair). The results point out a trade-off between the subjective evaluation of the drumming experience from the perspective of the participants and the objective evaluation of the drumming performance. A certain number of gestures was preferred as a motivational factor in the interaction. The participants preferred the models underlying the robot's turn-taking which enable the robot and human to interact more and provide turn-taking closer to ‘natural’ human–human conversations, despite differences in objective measures of drumming behaviour. The results are consistent with the temporal behaviour matching hypothesis previously proposed in the literature which concerns the effect that the participants adapt their own interaction dynamics to the robot's.
Political competition and environmental reporting: Evidence from New Zealand local governments

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between “political competition” and “environmental reporting” by New Zealand local governments. Design/methodology/approach - – The research method includes a longitudinal analysis of environmental reporting by New Zealand local governments in their annual reports for the financial years 2005-2006 to 2009-2010. “Content analysis” was used to attach scores to the extent of environmental reporting. The “number of candidates divided by the number of available positions at the previous election” was used as the proxy for “political competition”. Findings - – The study reports a positive relationship between “political competition” and “environmental reporting” in 2007-2008. The number of local governments reporting voluntary environmental information increased in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 compared to 2005-2006, followed by a reduction in such numbers following the 2007-2008 financial year. This trend in disclosure can be attributed to the local government elections in October 2007. This finding is consistent with the expectation of “agency theory” and provides insight into the pattern of perceived agency costs. The study also finds a dearth in reporting “monetary” and “bad” news. Originality/value - – The study contributes towards the previous literature on environmental reporting by concentrating on the public sector and New Zealand, together with investigating the relationship of such reporting with “political competition” through a longitudinal analysis. The theoretical contribution of this study is the adoption of “agency theory” in the context of public sector voluntary reporting and investigating the significance attached by agents to environmental reporting to minimise agency cost. The practical contribution of the study is in the area of future development of reporting standards in regards to environmental reporting.
Knowledge Space Theory

This document explains algorithms and basic operations of knowledge structures and knowledge spaces available in R through the kst package. Knowledge Space Theory (Doignon and Falmagne, 1999) is a set-theoretical framework, which proposes mathematical formalisms to operationalize knowledge structures in a particular domain. The most basic assumption of knowledge space theory is that every knowledge domain can be represented in terms of a set of domain problems or items. Moreover, knowledge space theory assumes dependencies between these items in that knowledge of a given item or a subset of items may be a prerequisite for knowledge of another, more dicult or complex item. These prerequisite relations are realized by surmise relations, which create a quasi-order between dierent items. One advantage of these surmise relations is that they reduce the quantity of all possible solution patterns to a more manageable amount of knowledge states. Each of these knowledge states represents the subset of items an individual is capable of solving. The collection of all knowledge states captures the organization of the domain and is referred to as knowledge structure.
Combinatorics of patience sorting piles

Despite having been introduced in 1962 by C.L. Mallows, the combinatorial algorithm Patience Sorting is only now beginning to receive significant attention due to such recent deep results as the Baik-Deift-Johansson Theorem that connect it to fields including Probabilistic Combinatorics and Random Matrix Theory. The aim of this work is to develop some of the more basic combinatorics of the Patience Sorting Algorithm. In particular, we exploit the similarities between Patience Sorting and the Schensted Insertion Algorithm in order to do things that include defining an analog of the Knuth relations and extending Patience Sorting to a bijection between permutations and certain pairs of set partitions. As an application of these constructions we characterize and enumerate the set S_n(3-\bar{1}-42) of permutations that avoid the generalized permutation pattern 2-31 unless it is part of the generalized pattern 3-1-42.
Supplier Selection for Supply Chains in the Processed Food Industry

This work addresses an integrated framework for deciding about the supplier selection for supply chains in the processed food industry. The relevance of including tactical production and distribution planning in this procurement decision is assessed. The contribution of this paper is three-fold. Firstly, we propose a new two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming model for the supplier selection in the process food industry that maximizes profit and minimizes risk of low customer service. Secondly, we reiterate the importance of considering main complexities of food supply chain management, such as: perishability of both raw materials and final products; uncertainty at both downstream and upstream parameters; and age dependent demand. Thirdly, we develop a solution method based on a multi-cut Benders decomposition and generalized disjunctive programming. Results indicate that sourcing and branding actions vary significantly between using an integrated and a decoupled approach. The integrated framework grasps the advantages of branding a given product as local through the acknowledgement of relevant supply chain costs. The proposed solution method proved to be suitable for solving large instances of this problem. ∗Corresponding author Email addresses: amorim.pedro@fe.up. pt (Pedro Amorim), eduardo.curcio@fe.up. pt (Eduardo Curcio), almada.lobo@fe.up. pt (Bernardo Almada-Lobo), ana.povoa@ist.pt (Ana P.F.D. Barbosa-Póvoa), grossmann@cmu.edu (Ignacio E. Grossmann) Preprint submitted to
Enhanced Autonomous Reconfiguration of Link Failures in Grid Based Wireless Mesh Networks

: Link failures is one of major issue in the networking area. So that wireless information communication is the most promising and complicated field. As wireless mesh networks are concerned these provides larger coverages and high data rate information transfer. Even though they provide lot of benefits to the users and several high range applications they still suffer from the occurrences of the link failure. These link failures will occur due to some interferences , different obstacles etc. By this link failure the information transfer can be lost so the quality of communication cannot be achieved and also the performance of this Wireless Mesh Networks can low. So in order to recover from the link failures Autonomous Reconfiguration System is commonly used. This algorithm provides Autonomous reconfiguration to the links by employing group formation technique. Even though this algorithm provides the recovery for the link failure it provides limitations such as higher delay, low throughput etc. In order to over come the limitations of Autonomous Reconfiguration System (ARS) algorithm, a modified version of Enhanced Autonomous Reconfiguration (E-ARS) have been developed. This algorithm provides a different approach. So that the delay are made low, throughput are made higher and also several other parameters are also analyzed comparing to the ARS. These overall process are shown and simulated using the software called Network Simulator -2 (NS-2).
Harsh Justice: Criminal Punishment and the Widening Divide Between America and Europe

Why is American punishment so cruel? While in continental Europe great efforts are made to guarantee that prisoners are treated humanely, in America sentences have gotten longer and rehabilitation programs have fallen by the wayside. Western Europe attempts to prepare its criminals for life after prison, whereas many American prisons today leave their inhabitants reduced and debased. In the last quarter of a century, Europe has worked to ensure that the baser human inclination toward vengeance is not reflected by state policy, yet America has shown a systemic drive toward ever increasing levels of harshness in its criminal policies. Why is America so short on mercy? In this deeply researched, comparative work, James Q. Whitman reaches back to the 17th and 18th centuries to trace how and why American and European practices came to diverge. Eschewing the usual historical imprisonment narratives, Whitman focuses instead on intriguing differences in the development of punishment in the age of Western democracy. European traditions of social hierarchy and state power, so consciously rejected by the American colonies, nevertheless supported a more merciful and dignified treatment of offenders. The hierarchical class system on the continent kept alive a tradition of less-degrading "high-status" punishments that eventually became applied across the board in Europe. The distinctly American, draconian regime, on the other hand, grows, Whitman argues, out of America's longstanding distrust of state power and its peculiar, broad-brush sense of egalitarianism. Low-status punishments were evenly meted out to all offenders, regardless of class or standing. America's unrelentingly harsh treatment of trangressors-this "equal opportunity degradation"- is, in a very real sense, the dark side of the nation's much vaunted individualism. A sobering look at the growing rift between the United States and Europe, Harsh Justice exposes the deep cultural roots of America's degrading punishment practices.
Why the Marginal MRO Rate Exceeds the ECB Policy Rate

In the Eurosystem, banks' interest rate expectations should no longer have resulted in a non-zero tender spread, the difference between marginal and minimum price for liquidity, when the ECB reformed its operational framework for monetary policy implementation in March 2004 so that the policy rates remain constant within reserves maintenance periods.Yet, the tender spread was wider in 2005 than in any single year after 2000, when the ECB switched from fixed to variable rate tenders.Parts of the relevant literature have argued that because of the ECB's asymmetric preferences over deviations of the market rates up and down from the policy rate, the shortest euro interest rates persistently exceed the policy rate This paper argues, however, that when the central bank applies a quantity oriented liquidity policy, a positive tender spread may result from money market inefficiencies and banks' risk aversion even if the central bank preferences are symmetric and the markets do not anticipate any changes in the policy rates.In such a case, the driving force behind the tender spread is banks' uncertainty about their individual allotments at the marginal rate for the Eurosystem main refinancing operations (MROs). Furthermore, the allotment uncertainty is shown to be significantly related to the amount of liquidity supplied in each operation. Hence, the expansion in the MRO volumes experienced since 2002 may have had a major contribution to the emergence and observed growth of the tender spread. Key words: main refinancing operations, liquidity, tender spread, allotments JEL classification numbers: D44, E58
Unsupervised Motif Acquisition in Speech via Seeded Discovery and Template Matching Combination

This paper describes and evaluates a computational architecture to discover and collect occurrences of speech repetitions, or motifs, in a totally unsupervised fashion, that is in the absence of acoustic, lexical or pronunciation modeling and training material. In the last few years, this task has known an increasing interest from the speech community because of a) its potential applicability in spoken document processing (as a preliminary step to summarization, topic clustering, etc.) and b) its novel methodology, that defines a new paradigm to speech processing that circumvents the issues common to all supervised, trained technologies. The contributions implied by the proposed system are two-fold: 1) the design of a discovery strategy that detects repetitions by extending matches of motif fragments, called seeds; 2) the implementation of template matching techniques to detect acoustically close segments, based on dynamic time warping (DTW) and self-similarity matrix (SSM) comparison of speech templates, in contrast to the decoding procedures of model-based recognition systems. The architecture is thoroughly evaluated on several hours of French broadcast news shows according to various parameter settings and acoustic features, namely mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and different types of posteriorgrams: Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based, and phone-based posteriors, in both language-matched and mismatched conditions. The evaluation highlights a) the improved robustness of the system that jointly employs DTW and SSM and b) the relevant impact of language-specific features to acoustic similarity detection based on template matching.
Injury profile among elite male youth soccer players in a Swedish first league

This study investigated the injury profile among elite male youth soccer players in a Swedish first league during two seasons. The present cohort study is based on data collected during the 2013–2014 seasons. In total, 43 young elite male soccer players, aged 15 to 19 yr, were prospectively followed regarding injuries, time of exposure, injury location, type of injury, and injury severity. The overall incidence of injury in the present study was estimated to 6.8 injuries per 1,000 exposure hours and 15.5 and 5.6 injuries per 1,000 hr for matches and training, respectively. The single most common injury subtype was muscle strain (53%). The hip and groin were the most common locations for injuries. Thirty-one percent of the injuries were classified as severe injury and caused >28 days absence from training and match play. Both the injury incidence and the number of serious injury seems to be relatively high in youth elite players according to this study. Although the injury incidence seems to be slightly lower than in adult elite players the injuries seem to be more traumatic in youth elite players.
Consumption Smoothing and Current Account Balance in India: Further Evidence*

This study has used more recent data for 2006-07 and 2007-08 which are now available.Employing more recent data, we find that the earlier robust results that we had foundin the context of India are reaffirmed. Employing an inter-temporal model on a constructedprivate consumption series, the paper finds that the current account balance in Indiaduring 1950-51 to 2007-08 is inter-temporally solvent. This is an outcome of thedevelopments during the post-reform period since the current account balance during theperiod leading up to the payment crisis of 1991 was insolvent. Capital flows, however,still remain restrictive and appears to be biased against outflows. As a result, volatilityin capital flows is less than what the expected change in fundamentals warrants and agentsare not able to fully optimize and smooth their consumption. This involves loss ofwelfare and also restricts running of a higher but solvent current account deficit that canraise the level of investment and growth, while at the same not guarantying the sustainabilityof an otherwise technically solvent current account balance. Thus, there appears to becase for further liberalization of capital flows, particularly outflows. India’s approachtowards liberalising the capital account has been one of gradualism, treating the liberalizationas a continuous process rather than a single event. In this context, it is important to notethat the Reserve Bank has significantly liberalized capital outflows in the recent period.