Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measures of Risk and Glucose Variability in Adults Versus Youths.

The article by Patton et al.1 published in this issue of Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics reports an array of correlations between various metrics of glucose variability (GV), derived from 1 month of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) data, with the frequency of hypo- and hyperglycemic events in a subsequent month of SMBG records. The data were derived from the clinical patient records of 3,453 individuals, 436 of whom met the study inclusion criteria (e.g., ages between 0 and 18 years old and a minimum of 14 days of SMBG in each month with three or more SMBG values per day). The purpose of the study was to assess whether the Average Daily Risk Range (ADRR), introduced in 2006 as a risk-based metric of GV, is a valid predictor of hypo- and hyperglycemia in youths with type 1 diabetes. The other GV metrics used for this prediction included SD and coefficient of variation of blood glucose (BG), Low Blood Glucose Index (LBGI), High Blood Glucose Index (HBGI), the percentage of glucose values >70 and 180 mg/dL and >400 mg/dL, and the percentage of low glucose values <70 mg/dL and <40 mg/dL in Month 1. Patton et al.1 concluded that “In a large pediatric sample, the ADRR was not the strongest predictor of future glycemic excursion. The percentages of current hyper- and hypoglycemic episodes appear to be stronger predictors. ”
Light and electron microscopic comparisons of normal hepatocytes and neoplastec hepatocyles of well-differenciated hepatocellular carcinomas in a teleost fish

Well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC's) induced in the sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus w ~ t h N-nitrosodiethylamine perm~tted light microscop~cal and ultrastructural comparisons of normal hepatocytes and adjacent HCC cells. Normal hepatocytes contained typical organelles with their intracellular distribution similar to that described for other teleosts. These cells revealed a strong compartmentalization of organelles consisting of restricted perinuclear cytoplasm containing rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and mitochondria; most of the rest of the cell's cytoplasm volume was filled with P-glycogen particles. Adjacent HCC cells at the border of the neoplasm interdigitated (invaded) between normal hepatocytes and replaced normal hepatocytes close to the HCC edge and adjacent to the bile canaliculi. Within the HCC, cells had little intercellular space between them and atypical bile canaliculi were found occasionally between adjacent hepatocytes. The HCC cells appeared to differ mainly in a quantitative, rather than in a qualitative fashion, and in the distribut~on of organelles from normal hepatocytes. HCC cells were not compartmentalized; their organelles (RER and mitochondria) were distributed throughout the cytoplasm, and only small amounts of glycogen remained diffusely distnbuted or in small masses or foci. Mitochondrial intermembrane myelin bodies (MMB's) were found frequently in the HCC cells but less frequently in the normal hepatocytes. Some cells at the edge of the HCCs appeared to be intermediate between inner HCC cells and normal hepatocytes in terms of abundance and distribution of organelles and glycogen. The possible significance of the MMB's and intermediate, edge cells is discussed, as well as the need to better characterize features of well-differentiated hepatic neoplasms in order to assure their proper inclusion in neoplasm incidence/prevalence data in fish carcinogenesis assays and field studies.
Planting the seed: Origins, composition, and postnatal health significance of the fetal gastrointestinal microbiota

Abstract It has long been assumed that establishment of the fetal microbiome commences with the birthing process. However, recent studies have found bacterial DNA in umbilical cord blood, placenta, amniotic fluid, meconium, and fetal membranes in healthy normal pregnancies, leading to suggestions that the seeding of the fetal microbiome may commence in utero long before delivery. The origins of the microbiota of the fetal gastrointestinal (GI) tract have not yet been conclusively determined, although bacterial translocation from the maternal circulation, or ascension from the vagina, are both likely to be contributing pathways. Mother-to-child efflux of bacteria during pregnancy has the potential to markedly influence postnatal health, as the composition of gut microbiota determines production of important metabolites which are absorbed systemically and which modify immune function and development. Hence, the importance of understanding the colonization of the fetal GI microbiome is becoming clear, although few studies have investigated the origins, dynamics, and timing of the fetal microbiome. This is the topic of this review. By gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underpinning fetal microbiome seeding, strategies may be developed to optimize fetal immune development and reduce the risk of adverse health and developmental outcomes.
Adenovirus transcription. II. RNA sequences complementary to simian virus 40 and adenovirus 2DNA in AD2+ND1- and AD2+ND3-infected cells

The genomes of the two nondefective adenovirus 2/simian virus 40 (Ad2/SV 40) hybrid viruses, nondefective Ad2/SV 40 hybrid virus 1 (Ad2+ND1) and nondefective hybrid virus 3 (Ad2+ND3), WERE FORMED BY A DELETION OF ABOUT 5% OF Ad2 DNA and insertion of part of the SV40 genome. We have compared the cytoplasmic RNA synthesized during both the early and late stages of lytic infection of human cells by these hybrid viruses to that expressed in Ad2-infected and SV40-infected cells. Separated strands of the six fragments of 32P-labeled Ad2 DNA produced by cleavage with the restriction endonuclease EcoRI (isolated from Escherichia coli) and the four fragments of 32P-labeled SV40 DNA produced by cleavage with both a restriction nuclease isolated from Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Hpa1, and EcoRI were prepared by electrophoresis of denatured DNA in agarose gels. The fraction of each fragment strand expressed as cytoplasmic RNA was determined by annealing fragmented 32P-labeled strands to an excess of cellular RNA extracted from infected cells. The segment of Ad2 DNA deleted from both hybrid virus genomes is transcribed into cytoplasmic mRNA during the early phase of Ad2 infection. Hence, we suggest that Ad2 codes for at least one "early" gene product which is nonessential for virus growth in cell culture. In both early Ad2+ND1 and Ad2+ND3-infected cells, 1,000 bases of Ad2 DNA adjacent to the integrated SV40 sequences are expressed as cytoplasmic RNA but are not similarly expressed in early Ad2-infected cells. The 3' termini of this early hybrid virus RNA maps in the vicinity of 0.18 on the conventional SV40 map and probably terminates at the same position as early lytic SV40 cytoplasmic RNA. Therefore, the base sequence in this region of SV40 DNA specifies the 3' termini of early messenger RNA present in both hybrid virus and SV40-infected cells.
Chromosomal Instability in Hodgkin Lymphoma: An In-Depth Review and Perspectives

The study of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), with its unique microenvironment and long-term follow-up, has provided exceptional insights into several areas of tumor biology. Findings in HL have not only improved our understanding of human carcinogenesis, but have also pioneered its translation into the clinics. HL is a successful paradigm of modern treatment strategies. Nonetheless, approximately 15–20% of patients with advanced stage HL still die following relapse or progressive disease and a similar proportion of patients are over-treated, leading to treatment-related late sequelae, including solid tumors and organ dysfunction. The malignant cells in HL are characterized by a highly altered genomic landscape with a wide spectrum of genomic alterations, including somatic mutations, copy number alterations, complex chromosomal rearrangements, and aneuploidy. Here, we review the chromosomal instability mechanisms in HL, starting with the cellular origin of neoplastic cells and the mechanisms supporting HL pathogenesis, focusing particularly on the role of the microenvironment, including the influence of viruses and macrophages on the induction of chromosomal instability in HL. We discuss the emerging possibilities to exploit these aberrations as prognostic biomarkers and guides for personalized patient management.
A High Resolution Computer Tomography Scoring System to Predict Culture-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Emergency Department

This study evaluated the use of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) to predict the presence of culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in adult patients with pulmonary lesions in the emergency department (ED). The study included a derivation phase and validation phase with a total of 8,245 patients with pulmonary disease. There were 132 patients with culture-positive PTB in the derivation phase and 147 patients with culture-positive PTB in the validation phase. Imaging evaluation of pulmonary lesions included morphology and segmental distribution. The post-test probability ratios between both phases in three prevalence areas were analyzed. In the derivation phase, a multivariate analysis model identified cavitation, consolidation, and clusters/nodules in right or left upper lobe (except anterior segment) and consolidation of the superior segment of the right or left lower lobe as independent positive factors for culture-positive PTB, while consolidation of the right or left lower lobe (except superior segment) were independent negative factors. An ideal cutoff point based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was obtained at a score of 1. The sensitivity, specificity, positivity predictive value, and negative predictive value from derivation phase were 98.5% (130/132), 99.7% (3997/4008), 92.2% (130/141), and 99.9% (3997/3999). Based on the predicted positive likelihood ratio value of 328.33 in derivation phase, the post-test probability was observed to be 91.5% in the derivation phase, 92.5% in the validation phase, 94.5% in a high TB prevalence area, 91.0% in a moderate prevalence area, and 76.8% in moderate-to-low prevalence area. Our model using HRCT, which is feasible to perform in the ED, can promptly diagnose culture-positive PTB in moderate and moderate-to-low prevalence areas.
Structures of and allelic diversity and relationships among the major outer membrane protein (ompA) genes of the four chlamydial species

DNA sequences coding for 81% of the ompA gene from 24 chlamydial strains, representing all chlamydial species, were determined from DNA amplified by polymerase chain reactions. Chlamydial strains of serovars and strains with similar chromosomal restriction fragment length polymorphism had identical ompA DNA sequences. The ompA sequences were segregated into 23 different ompA alleles and aligned with each other, and phylogenetic relationships among them were inferred by neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony analyses. The neighbor-joining method produced a single phylogram which was rooted at the branch between two major clusters. One cluster included all Chlamydia trachomatis ompA alleles (trachoma group). The second cluster was composed of three major groups of ompA alleles: psittacosis group (alleles MN, 6BC, A22/M, B577, LW508, FEPN, and GPIC), pneumonia group (Chlamydia pneumoniae AR388 with the allele KOALA), and polyarthritis group (ruminant and porcine chlamydial alleles LW613, 66P130, L71, and 1710S with propensity for polyarthritis). These groups were distinguished through specific DNA sequence signatures. Maximum parsimony analysis yielded two equally most parsimonious phylograms with topologies similar to the ompA tree of neighbor joining. Two phylograms constructed from chlamydial genomic DNA distances had topologies identical to that of the ompA phylogram with respect to branching of the chlamydial species. Human serovars of C. trachomatis with essentially identical genomes represented a single taxonomic unit, while they were divergent in the ompA tree. Consistent with the ompA phylogeny, the porcine isolate S45, previously considered to be Chlamydia psittaci, was identified as C. trachomatis through biochemical characteristics. These data demonstrate that chlamydial ompA allelic relationships, except for human serovars of C. trachomatis, are cognate with chromosomal phylogenies.
On the syntax and semantics of the past perfect participle and gerundive in early New Indo Arian Evidence from Eastern Pahari

Abstract The article discusses the earliest attestations of participial tenses in early Eastern Pahari and the obligative pattern based on the gerundive. The data consist of a collection of inscriptions from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries found in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, inscriptions found in western Nepal, and early Western Pahari inscriptions found in the Chamba state of Himachal Pradesh in India. Despite the highly formulaic and repetitive language of these inscriptions, they constitute some of the earliest attestations of constructions which gave rise to contemporary ergative and obligative patterns. The two types of construction are dealt with against the background of the emerging postpositional system. The case-marking of the main arguments is analyzed and compared with other contemporary New Indo Aryan languages, and verbal forms based on the -ta participle as well as conjunctive participles that appear in the texts are investigated with regard to their control properties. The agreement patterns had already started to diverge in the earliest stages of NIA, and we can observe the transitional phase of a language in which alignment is far from stable.
The simultaneous stabilizability question of three linear systems is undecidable

Abstract. We show that the simultaneous stabilizability of three linear systems, that is the question of knowing whether three linear systems are simultaneously stabilizable, is an undecidable question. It is undecidable in the sense that it is not possible to find necessary and sufficient conditions for simultaneous stabilization of the three systems that involve only a combination of arithmetical operations (additions, substractions, multiplications and divisions), logical operations (‘and’ and ‘or’) and sign tests operations (equal to, greater than, greater than or equal to,.) on the coefficients of the three systems.
Share Repurchases and Employee Compensation

This paper focuses on the agency problem derived from the con‡ict of interest between employees and shareholders. I show that if employees are compensated with restricted stock or stock options, shareholders may engage in opportunistic share repurchases. Equityholders have an incentive to buy back stock after employment contracts have been signed because repurchases increase compensation sensitivity to …rm cash ‡ows and create stronger incentives for …rm employees and executives. When …rm cash ‡ows are uncertain, this generates agency costs due to suboptimal risk sharing and external …nancing costs. I provide new empirical implications and test them using data on announcements of 1,295 open-market share repurchases during 1996-2002.
Effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. on oestrous cycle & reproductive organs in rats.

The effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. on the estrous cycle and reproductive organs was studied in female albino rats. Depending on the dose and duration of treatment, the benzene extract of the flowers disrupted the estrous cycle. Treatment for 30 days resulted in a significant (p less than .05) reduction in the weight of the ovaries, uterus, and pituitary gland. Ovarian follicular atresia and uterine atrophy were observed. Treatment resulted in degranulated gonadotrophs in the pituitary, with the extent of damage being dose-dependent.
Overexpression of corticotropin‐releasing hormone in transgenic mice and chronic stress‐like autonomic and physiological alterations

To gain a greater insight into the relationship between hyperactivity of the corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) system and autonomic and physiological changes associated with chronic stress, we developed a transgenic mouse model of central CRH overproduction. The extent of central and peripheral CRH overexpression, and the amount of bioactive CRH in the hypothalamus were determined in two lines of CRH‐overexpressing (CRH‐OE) mice. Furthermore, 24 h patterns of body temperature, heart rate, and activity were assessed using radiotelemetry, as well as cumulative water and food consumption and body weight gain over a 7‐day period. CRH‐OE mice showed increased amounts of CRH peptide and mRNA only in the central nervous system. Despite the presence of the same CRH transgene in their genome, only in one of the two established lines of CRH‐OE mice (line 2122, but not 2123) was overexpression of CRH associated with increased levels of bioactive CRH in the hypothalamus, increased body temperature and heart rate (predominantly during the light (inactive) phase of the diurnal cycle), decreased heart rate variability during the dark (active) phase, and increased food and water consumption, when compared with littermate wildtype mice. Because line 2122 of the CRH transgenic mice showed chronic stress‐like neuroendocrine and autonomic changes, these mice appear to represent a valid animal model for chronic stress and might be valuable in the research on the consequences of CRH excess in situations of chronic stress.
Hedonic Regressions and the Decomposition of a House Price Index into Land and Structure Components

The paper uses hedonic regression techniques in order to decompose the price of a house into land and structure components using readily available real estate sales data for a small Dutch city. To get sensible results, it was useful to estimate a nonlinear model on data that cover multiple time periods. It also proved necessary to incorporate exogenous information on the rate of growth of construction costs in the Netherlands in order to obtain meaningful constant quality indexes for the price of land and structures separately.
An enhanced framework for aspect-based sentiment analysis of Hotels' reviews: Arabic reviews case study

This research proposes a framework for aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) of Hotels' reviews. The proposed framework consists of: (a) a reference human annotated Arabic dataset to support ABSA tasks such as aspect category identification, opinion target expression extraction, and opinion sentiment polarity. The dataset was annotated on both sentence-level and text-level, (b) baseline approach where a Support Vector Machine (SVM) was trained as part of the ABSA tasks, (c) baseline experiments and results, and (d) a common evaluation technique to provide a unified evaluation of future research working on the same dataset and ABSA tasks.
Breast cancer follow-up and management after primary treatment: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update.

PURPOSE To provide recommendations on the follow-up and management of patients with breast cancer who have completed primary therapy with curative intent. METHODS To update the 2006 guideline of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), a systematic review of the literature published from March 2006 through March 2012 was completed using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Collaboration Library. An Update Committee reviewed the evidence to determine whether the recommendations were in need of updating. RESULTS There were 14 new publications that met inclusion criteria: nine systematic reviews (three included meta-analyses) and five randomized controlled trials. After its review and analysis of the evidence, the Update Committee concluded that no revisions to the existing ASCO recommendations were warranted. RECOMMENDATIONS Regular history, physical examination, and mammography are recommended for breast cancer follow-up. Physical examinations should be performed every 3 to 6 months for the first 3 years, every 6 to 12 months for years 4 and 5, and annually thereafter. For women who have undergone breast-conserving surgery, a post-treatment mammogram should be obtained 1 year after the initial mammogram and at least 6 months after completion of radiation therapy. Thereafter, unless otherwise indicated, a yearly mammographic evaluation should be performed. The use of complete blood counts, chemistry panels, bone scans, chest radiographs, liver ultrasounds, pelvic ultrasounds, computed tomography scans, [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging, and/or tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 15-3, and CA 27.29) is not recommended for routine follow-up in an otherwise asymptomatic patient with no specific findings on clinical examination.
Expression of Drosophila Adenosine Deaminase in Immune Cells during Inflammatory Response

Extra-cellular adenosine is an important regulator of inflammatory responses. It is generated from released ATP by a cascade of ectoenzymes and degraded by adenosine deaminase (ADA). There are two types of enzymes with ADA activity: ADA1 and ADGF/ADA2. ADA2 activity originates from macrophages and dendritic cells and is associated with inflammatory responses in humans and rats. Drosophila possesses a family of six ADGF proteins with ADGF-A being the main regulator of extra-cellular adenosine during larval stages. Herein we present the generation of a GFP reporter for ADGF-A expression by a precise replacement of the ADGF-A coding sequence with GFP using homologous recombination. We show that the reporter is specifically expressed in aggregating hemocytes (Drosophila immune cells) forming melanotic capsules; a characteristic of inflammatory response. Our vital reporter thus confirms ADA expression in sites of inflammation in vivo and demonstrates that the requirement for ADA activity during inflammatory response is evolutionary conserved from insects to vertebrates. Our results also suggest that ADA activity is achieved specifically within sites of inflammation by an uncharacterized post-transcriptional regulation based mechanism. Utilizing various mutants that induce melanotic capsule formation and also a real immune challenge provided by parasitic wasps, we show that the acute expression of the ADGF-A protein is not driven by one specific signaling cascade but is rather associated with the behavior of immune cells during the general inflammatory response. Connecting the exclusive expression of ADGF-A within sites of inflammation, as presented here, with the release of energy stores when the ADGF-A activity is absent, suggests that extra-cellular adenosine may function as a signal for energy allocation during immune response and that ADGF-A/ADA2 expression in such sites of inflammation may regulate this role.