Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New results on permission based static analysis for Android malware

Mobile devices' hardware have been enhancing day by day. With this development, mobile phones are supporting many programs and everyone takes advantage of them. Nevertheless, malware applications are increasing more and more so that people can come across lots of problems. Android is a mobile operating system that is the most used on the smart mobile phones. Because it is the most used and open source, it has been the target of attackers. Android security related to the permissions allowed by users to the applications. There have been many studies on the permission based Android malware detection. In this study, permission based Android malware system is analyzed. Unlike other studies, we propose permission weight approach. Each of permissions is given a different score by means of this approach. Then, K-nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Naïve Bayes (NB) algorithms are applied and the proposed method is compared with the previous studies. According to the experimental results, the proposed approach has better results than the other ones.
EU Integration and the Transformation of Post-communist Welfare: Traversing a ‘Quantum Leap’?

While many academic accounts treat post-communist Europe as just another site of Europeanization with an emphasis on ‘adaptation’ and ‘learning’, this article argues that EU integration and the transformation of post-communist Europe is a much more complex, volatile and uncertain process; not so much one of adaptation but more a ‘quantum leap’, apparently bypassing the stage of a Keynesian regime. Post-communist Europe is asked to join an EU agenda that has many features of what Jessop calls the ‘Schumpeterian Workfare Postnational Regime’ (SWPR). In that sense, EU integration of post-communist welfare is not simply a ‘catch-up’, it is a complex transformation process whereby, rather than EU Enlargement and Eastern Europe being seen as a threat to ‘Social Europe’, the EU imposes its own ‘social deficit’ and economic hegemony onto Eastern Europe.
Education and Off-Farm Work

A household time allocation model is developed to explain the empirical regularity that the better educated farm members are usually the first to participate in nonfarm employment. Central to the model is the comparative advantage principle and a knowledge spillover hypothesis that workers who participate in off-farm work may still contribute knowledge to farm management. Using Chinese farm data, it is found that (a) schooling does not contribute to physical efficiency in farming, (b) the highest household schooling contributes the most to allocative efficiency and yet the contribution is not affected by off-farm participation, and (c) education raises off-farm wages. The model's implications from these results are consistent with the observed patterns of time allocation.
SV-RCNet: Workflow Recognition From Surgical Videos Using Recurrent Convolutional Network

We propose an analysis of surgical videos that is based on a novel recurrent convolutional network (SV-RCNet), specifically for automatic workflow recognition from surgical videos online, which is a key component for developing the context-aware computer-assisted intervention systems. Different from previous methods which harness visual and temporal information separately, the proposed SV-RCNet seamlessly integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a recurrent neural network (RNN) to form a novel recurrent convolutional architecture in order to take full advantages of the complementary information of visual and temporal features learned from surgical videos. We effectively train the SV-RCNet in an end-to-end manner so that the visual representations and sequential dynamics can be jointly optimized in the learning process. In order to produce more discriminative spatio-temporal features, we exploit a deep residual network (ResNet) and a long short term memory (LSTM) network, to extract visual features and temporal dependencies, respectively, and integrate them into the SV-RCNet. Moreover, based on the phase transition-sensitive predictions from the SV-RCNet, we propose a simple yet effective inference scheme, namely the prior knowledge inference (PKI), by leveraging the natural characteristic of surgical video. Such a strategy further improves the consistency of results and largely boosts the recognition performance. Extensive experiments have been conducted with the MICCAI 2016 Modeling and Monitoring of Computer Assisted Interventions Workflow Challenge dataset and Cholec80 dataset to validate SV-RCNet. Our approach not only achieves superior performance on these two datasets but also outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by a significant margin.
Internet banking and performance: The relationship of web site traffic rank and bank performance

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide an empirical study demonstrating the impact of internet banking, specifically the traffic rank and reach of the web site, on bank performance. Design/methodology/approach - The current study measures the impact of web site rank, percent of total internet users, and number of external links, using data from Alexa.com on bank performance, measured by deposits per branch, net income, return on assets, noninterest income to earning assets, and noninterest expense to earning assets, using data reported from the FDIC. Findings - Results show some support for the importance of web site traffic rank and reach. Specifically, the percent of total internet users and the number of external links were related to both domestic deposits and total global deposits per branch. Moreover, traffic rank and reach were related to net income and noninterest income to earning assets. Research limitations/implications - One limitation of this study is that it did not examine web site quality or e-service quality directly. Originality/value - The paper demonstrates that greater web site traffic is associated with a greater ability to find new, alternative sources of revenue beyond traditional loans, but that spending more on developing the web site does not necessarily mean the ability to spend less on traditional branch overhead. As such, this paper has value for bank managers and researchers alike.
Abnormal stock market returns to announcements of M&A banking deals in Greece 1996-2013

This study has undertaken a comprehensive empirical analysis of the wealth effects of bank MA+1]. The findings indicate that, on average, the Greek bank mergers neither create nor destroy shareholder wealth. This result is consistent with the findings of other Greek event studies and the bulk of US and European event studies on M&A wealth effects. On average, acquired firm shareholders gain at the expense of the acquiring firm and market value of the combined entity appears to have little improvement around the announcement of the transaction. The conceptual framework explicitly describes that wealth effects of bank M&As in Greece over the period 1996-2013 may be a result of macroeconomic theory and perfectly competitive market, lack of strategic relatedness and synergy realization, managerial hubris, or unethical behavior of managers derived from expense preference approach of agency theory.
Treatment of early heart failure: an ACEI or a β-blocker first?

The basis of modern chronic heart failure (CHF) treatment is a combination of optimum doses of a β-blocker and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI); however, patients cannot be started on full doses of both drugs and treatment has to be initiated one way or the other. By tradition and according to guideline recommendations, an ACEI is usually initiated first, followed by a β-blocker after a varying time period based on clinical judgement. Early β-blockade has several theoretical advantages, and two surrogate end point studies have indicated that initiation of CHF treatment with a β-blocker may be superior to an ACEI. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol III trial was the first trial investigating the optimum sequence of initiating treatment of CHF in terms of mortality and morbidity. The results indicated that, in stable, mildly to moderately symptomatic patients with systolic CHF, initiation of therapy with the β-blocker bisoprolol followed by the ACEI enalapril was similarly efficacious to the opposite sequence in terms of combined mortality and all-cause hospitalisation. However, initiating therapy with bisoprolol showed a trend towards better survival, but also towards further worsening of CHF. This review aims to put these recent findings into clinical perspective.
Impaired Auxin Biosynthesis in the defective endosperm18 Mutant Is Due to Mutational Loss of Expression in the ZmYuc1 Gene Encoding Endosperm-Specific YUCCA1 Protein in Maize1[C][W][OA]

The phytohormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid [IAA]) plays a fundamental role in vegetative and reproductive plant development. Here, we characterized a seed-specific viable maize (Zea mays) mutant, defective endosperm18 (de18) that is impaired in IAA biosynthesis. de18 endosperm showed large reductions of free IAA levels and is known to have approximately 40% less dry mass, compared with De18. Cellular analyses showed lower total cell number, smaller cell volume, and reduced level of endoreduplication in the mutant endosperm. Gene expression analyses of seed-specific tryptophan-dependent IAA pathway genes, maize Yucca1 (ZmYuc1), and two tryptophan-aminotransferase co-orthologs were performed to understand the molecular basis of the IAA deficiency in the mutant. Temporally, all three genes showed high expression coincident with high IAA levels; however, only ZmYuc1 correlated with the reduced IAA levels in the mutant throughout endosperm development. Furthermore, sequence analyses of ZmYuc1 complementary DNA and genomic clones revealed many changes specific to the mutant, including a 2-bp insertion that generated a premature stop codon and a truncated YUC1 protein of 212 amino acids, compared with the 400 amino acids in the De18. The putative, approximately 1.5-kb, Yuc1 promoter region also showed many rearrangements, including a 151-bp deletion in the mutant. Our concurrent high-density mapping and annotation studies of chromosome 10, contig 395, showed that the De18 locus was tightly linked to the gene ZmYuc1. Collectively, the data suggest that the molecular changes in the ZmYuc1 gene encoding the YUC1 protein are the causal basis of impairment in a critical step in IAA biosynthesis, essential for normal endosperm development in maize.
A Variety Seeking Model of Spatial Choice-Behaviour

Conventional choice-models are based on the assumption of a stable utility function. Previous studies have indicated that this assumption may be less valid for certain types of choice-behaviour. In this paper the idea of variety seeking is put forward as a possible explanation for varied choice-behaviour. A model is developed and tested in the context of recreational choice-behaviour.
Plasma Levels of Endothelial Cell Protein C Receptor Are Elevated in Patients With Sepsis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus : Lack of Correlation With Thrombomodulin Suggests Involvement of Different Pathological Processes

2249, and Ro44-4753, respectively. These synthetic retinoids were kindly provided by F. Hoffman-La Roche, Ltd (Basel, Switzerland). Our experiments also showed that the incubation of NB4 cells with the RARa selective agonist, Ro40-6055, induced cell differentiation into neutrophils and apoptosis. These effects were not exerted by Ro48-2249 and Ro44-4753. When NB4 cells were incubated with 0.01 μmol/L of Ro40-6055, Ro48-2249, or Ro44-4753 for 24 hours, Ro40-6055 caused induction of TM antigen and reduction of TF antigen (Fig 1A and B), which was similar to the results induced by a synthetic retinoid Am80, which is an agonist to RARa and RARb. 1 The TM upregulation by the incubation with Ro40-6055 was more effective than that by the stimulation of the combination with Ro40-6055 and Ro48-2249 (Fig 1A). Ro40-6055 and Ro48-2249 showed downregulation of TF in NB4 cells, and the TF downregulation by the combined incubation of Ro40-6055 and Ro482249 was more significant than that by each retinoid (Fig 1B). Interestingly, the incubation of NB4 cells with Ro44-4753 induced upregulation of TF antigen level, although its mechanism is not yet known. NB4 cells were further incubated with 0.01 μmol/L of Ro40-6055 for 7 days and were evaluated for changes in the morphology and surface markers of the leukemic cells. NB4 cells with frequent mitotic figures and morphologic features characteristic of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells were shown to have significant morphologic changes, such as condensed chromatin, smaller nuclei, decreased nuclei/cytoplasm ratio, and appearance of neutrophilic granules in the cytoplasm when treated with Ro40-6055. Differentiation of NB4 cells was also assessed by flow cytometric analysis for several membrane-bound differentiation markers. Expression of the cell surface antigens CD11b (a marker of b-integrin subunit expressed by both granulocytes and monocytes), CD11c (granulocytic lineage), and CD14 (late monocytic cell) is gradually detected during the normal development of mature monocytes from hematopoietic stem cells. 2 The expression levels of CD11b and CD11c antigens (19.1% and 43.2%, respectively) were significantly increased after incubation with 0.01 μmol/L of Ro40-6055 to 91.6% and 90.8%, respectively. CD14 expression level was only slightly increased from 6.5% to 8.4%. DNA fragmentation assay of NB4 cells showed the occurrence of apoptosis by Ro40-6055 stimulation (0.01 μmol/L for 7 days). These results support the idea that RAR a mediates TM gene expression and that RARaand also RARb are relevant to the retinoid-induced TF downregulation. A selective RAR a agonist, Ro406055, is a potent inducer of differentiation and apoptosis with anticoagulant effect on acute promyelocytic leukemia cells.
Willingness to Pay for Airline Service Quality

Abstract This paper looks at estimated valuations of some service‐quality attributes in an airline choice context using stated preferences methods. The analysis is based on information obtained in the most important route connecting the Canary Islands with the Iberian Peninsula: Gran Canaria–Madrid, and tries to contribute to the body of knowledge in this area, given the relatively few studies of the monetary valuations of air travel regarding level‐of‐service attributes. A feature of this analysis is the examination of variations in values according to different characteristics of the service, such as price, penalties for changes in the ticket, legroom, food, etc.; the currently experienced level of the attribute, and various socio‐economic factors that affect the characteristics of the trip and passengers. In addition, the important issue of added value regarding different attributes is addressed, obtaining the willingness‐to‐pay for different improvements of service quality. A further analysis is made about how taste heterogeneity (market segments) affects these values. Results from the stated preference experiment and the market value of some comparable service are also compared. Finally, the paper brings together evidence from other studies and compares them with the findings obtained herein.
The Perils of Building Democracy in Africa

In the lead-up to the 2013 national election in Kenya, the Electoral Commission sent eleven million text messages to registered voters in an effort to increase participation and trust in a set of new institutions. The messages had a small, positive effect on voter turnout and a large, negative effect on trust in the Kenyan electoral system. This negative effect on trust is driven by individuals affiliated (via their ethnicity) with the side that lost the presidential election. The messages did not improve voter information, but may have built up expectations about the performance of the Electoral Commission and the electoral outcome. The decrease in trust caused by the messages highlights the trade-off between mobilizing voters and raising the stakes of polarized elections in democracies with a recent history of ethnic conflict.
Reproductive, Lifestyle, and Anthropometric Risk Factors for Cancer in Elderly Women

Background: With an increasing elderly population, the United States will experience an increased cancer burden in the coming years. We evaluated associations between anthropometric, lifestyle, and reproductive factors and risk of breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancer in a prospective study of postmenopausal women with a focus on diagnoses occurring among very elderly women (≥75 years). Methods: For each cancer type, we estimated associations with relevant exposures in 2 age bands (<75 vs. ≥75 years of age). During 22 years of follow-up, 322 ovarian, 1,311 colon, 315 rectal, and 2,664 breast cancers occurred among 37,459 postmenopausal women (mean age at baseline 62 years, range 55–71 years). Results: For ovarian cancer, we identified few significant associations in either age band. Colon cancer cases had a higher body mass index and were less likely to report estrogen or aspirin use than non-cases, yet these associations were consistent in both age bands. Few risk factors were identified for rectal cancer in women of 75 years of age or more. For breast cancer, notably different patterns were revealed, with alcohol consumption associated with risk in the younger group and previous hysterectomy associated with risk only in the older group. Conclusion: These analyses suggest some important differences in risk factors for cancer depending on the age at diagnosis. Impact: This study suggests that etiologic differences may exist in cancers occurring in the very elderly women. The ongoing demographic shift in the United States provides a strong rationale for studies evaluating cancer etiology in the elderly. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(4); 681–7. ©2013 AACR.
Deflation in a Historical Perspective

On 18-19 June 2004, the BIS held a conference on "Understanding Low Inflation and Deflation". This event brought together central bankers, academics and market practitioners to exchange views on this issue (see the conference programme in this document). This paper was presented at the workshop. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not those of the BIS.
Predictors of successful external cephalic version at term: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE To investigate clinical and ultrasonographic predictors of outcome of external cephalic version at term. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING University obstetric unit. POPULATION All external cephalic versions performed over two years (n = 243). METHODS Nineteen different clinical and ultrasonographic variables were recorded before each procedure. The ability of each of the 19 variables to predict the success or failure of external cephalic version was assessed by univariate analysis. The study population was then divided into two subgroups of 129 and 114 patients by random allocation using computer generated numbers. Logistic regression was performed in each subgroup to assess the relative importance and independence of the important variables. The derived regression models were then applied to the other subgroup of patients to assess accuracy and reproducibility. RESULTS The overall success rate of the procedure was 69.5%. Both regression models identified the same three variables as independent predictors of failed versions: 1. presenting part engaged; 2. difficult to palpate the fetal head, and 3. a tense uterus on palpation. The two models correctly predicted 75.2% and 84.2% of outcomes in the other subgroup. If uterine tone, which was assessed after administration of tocolytic, was excluded from the analysis, the other two factors remained in the models, with the addition of nulliparity as a significant predictor of failed external cephalic version. The chance of success of external cephalic version in the original 243 women was found to be < 20% if two of these variables were present, 0% if all three were present, and 94% if none were present. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of external cephalic version can be predicted by easily available clinical parameters.
Individual investor biases: a segmentation analysis

Purpose – Indian investors have been exposed to a plethora of investment opportunities in the past decade and a half, after the liberalization process which commenced in 1991. Over the years, the increased competition has brought a wind of change, not just in the economic environment within the country, but also a radical change in the choices and preferences of the financial consumers. In the endeavor to provide more personalized advice to the financial consumers, financial service providers need more insights into the minds of the consumers. However, little work has been done to understand the Indian individual investor. The purpose of this paper is to study the Individual investor in India: to segment the investor into distinct behavioural groups based on their biases; to understand the investment preferences and profile of the identified segments; and to understand the implications for financial services providers.Design/methodology/approach – Exploratory research, using In‐depth interviews, was under.
Statistical vs. economic significance in economics and econometrics: further comments on McCloskey and Ziliak

I comment on the controversy between McCloskey and Ziliak and Hoover and Siegler on statistical versus economic significance, in the March 2008 issue of the Journal of Economic Methodology. I argue that while McCloskey and Ziliak are right in emphasizing ‘real error’, i.e. non-sampling error that cannot be eliminated through specification testing, they fail to acknowledge those areas in economics, e.g. rational expectations macroeconomics and asset pricing, where researchers clearly distinguish between statistical and economic significance and where statistical testing plays a relatively minor role in model evaluation. In these areas models are treated as inherently misspecified and, consequently, are evaluated empirically by other methods than statistical tests. I also criticize McCloskey and Ziliak for their strong focus on the size of parameter estimates while neglecting the important question of how to obtain reliable estimates, and I argue that significance tests are useful tools in those cases where a statistical model serves as input in the quantification of an economic model. Finally, I provide a specific example from economics – asset return predictability – where the distinction between statistical and economic significance is well appreciated, but which also shows how statistical tests have contributed to our substantive economic understanding.
Testing the taxmimicking versus expenditure spill-over hypotheses using English data

Spatial interaction among local governments in tax setting and public spending decisions is receiving increasing attention in the applied public economics literature. Spatial interaction models rely on the presence of an externality from local budget making: in traditional public finance models, external effects originate either from interjurisdictional resource flows due to tax competition for a mobile base, or from local public expenditure spill-overs into neighbouring jurisdictions. However, the recent political agency/yardstick competition literature has stressed the role of ‘informational’ externalities between neighbouring jurisdictions, and predicted tax mimicry at the local level. The actual relevance of the above hypotheses clearly needs to be assessed empirically. In this paper, an attempt is made at discriminating between alternative sources of local fiscal interaction, by using data on the English municipal authorities' budgets. While both public spending levels and local property tax rates exhibit considerable positive spatial autocorrelation, maximum likelihood and instrumental variables estimation results suggest that the interdependence among local governments can be attributed to mimicking behaviour in local property tax setting.