Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Neuroimaging: A Historical Perspective

Stefano Zago1, Lorenzo Lorusso2, Roberta Ferrucci3 and Alberto Priori3 1Dipartimento di Neuroscienze ed Organi di Senso, Universita degli Studi di Milano, U.O. C. di Neurologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 2Unita Operativa di Neurologia, Azienda Ospedaliera ‘M. Mellini’ Chiari, Brescia, 3Centro Clinico per la Neurostimolazione, le Neurotecnologie e i Disordini del Movimento, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze ed organi di Senso, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy
The Routing and Re-Routing of Difficult Knowledge: Social Studies Teachers Encounter When the Levees Broke

The author explores the articulations of six social studies student/teachers after a viewing of When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts. The film, a documentary about the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina on the people in and around New Orleans, constitutes an encounter with what Deborah Britzman (1998) calls “difficult knowledge”—representations of social/historical trauma in pedagogical situations. Drawing on ideas from psychoanalytic theory, the author elaborates on the ways that this difficult knowledge (i.e., the viewing of injustice, suffering, and death) gets “routed” and “re-routed” through the participants' discussions about the film. The author's overall objective, then, is to explore the rich complexity of the ways that social and historical traumas are felt, experienced, understood and then made pedagogical. Because a great deal of social studies curriculum is, in fact, constituted by difficult knowledge (e.g., studying wars, famines, genocides, injustices, slavery), it is important to consider the ways that understandings, and lessons, are made from such interactions.
Algorithmic Trading and Information

We examine algorithmic trades (AT) and their role in the price discovery process in the 30 DAX stocks on the Deutsche Boerse. AT liquidity demand represents 52% of volume and AT supplies liquidity on 50% of volume. AT act strategically by monitoring the market for liquidity and deviations of price from fundamental value. AT consume liquidity when it is cheap and supply liquidity when it is expensive. AT contribute more to the efficient price by placing more efficient quotes and AT demanding liquidity to move the prices towards the efficient price.
Efficient Event Detection in Social Media Data Streams

Given the popularity of the social networking in the recent past, Microblogging services are also developing and attracting people at a rapid pace. Microblogging facilitates users to share, comment and broadcast their daily activities and events based on the relationships they established with other users in the social networking sites. This paper focuses on event detection by analyzing the document streams of the posts extracted from microblogs, and clustering similar posts together for the purpose of enhancing the accuracy in event detection. To this end, this paper proposes a novel event detection model, named EVE (Efficient eVent dEtection). The proposed event detection model encompasses three integral components. A HITS (Hypertext Induced Topic Search) based scoring method is incorporated in the proposed model to distill high-quality posts and reduce negative impact of meaningless ordinary posts. Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) based on probabilistic topic model is used in the proposed model to find latent events in the documents stream. Finally, the EM (Expectation Maximization) algorithm is employed to train the parameters and obtain estimators for describing hot events. EVE exploits the relationships between users and their corresponding posts for the purpose of reducing the impacts of massive and noisy data. Also, this paper presents an initialization method using the authority scores of the posts to improve both the accuracy and the efficiency of the event detection process. Experimental results show that our method exhibits an improved efficiency and accuracy than the existing event detection methods, particularly PLSA.
Serum TRPM1 Autoantibodies from Melanoma Associated Retinopathy Patients Enter Retinal ON-Bipolar Cells and Attenuate the Electroretinogram in Mice

Melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) is a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with cutaneous malignant melanoma and the presence of autoantibodies that label neurons in the inner retina. The visual symptoms and electroretinogram (ERG) phenotype characteristic of MAR resemble the congenital visual disease caused by mutations in TRPM1, a cation channel expressed by both melanocytes and retinal bipolar cells. Four serum samples from MAR patients were identified as TRPM1 immunoreactive by 1. Labeling of ON-bipolar cells in TRPM1+/+ but not TRPM1−/− mouse retina, 2. Labeling of TRPM1-transfected CHO cells; and 3. Attenuation of the ERG b-wave following intravitreal injection of TRPM1-positive MAR IgG into wild-type mouse eyes, and the appearance of the IgG in the retinal bipolar cells at the conclusion of the experiment. Furthermore, the epitope targeted by the MAR autoantibodies was localized within the amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain of TRPM1. Incubation of live retinal neurons with TRPM1-positive MAR serum resulted in the selective accumulation of IgG in ON-bipolar cells from TRPM1+/+ mice, but not TRPM1−/− mice, suggesting that the visual deficits in MAR are caused by the uptake of TRPM1 autoantibodies into ON-bipolar cells, where they bind to an intracellular epitope of the channel and reduce the ON-bipolar cell response to light.
High prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes other than 16 and 18 in cervical cancers of Curaçao: implications for choice of prophylactic HPV vaccine

Background Curaçao is a Dutch-Caribbean Island located in a high-risk area for cervical cancer. Prior to introduction of a prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, knowledge of the prevalence of high-risk HPV vaccine genotypes (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58) in cervical (pre)cancer is required. Objective To investigate the prevalence of HPV genotypes in invasive cervical cancers (ICC) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1, 2 and 3 in Curaçao. Methods Paraffin-embedded blocks of 104 cervical cancers (89 squamous, 15 adenocarcinoma), 41 CIN3, 39 CIN2 and 40 CIN1 lesions were analysed for the presence of HPV. Sections were stained by H&E for histopathological evaluation, and DNA was extracted using proteinase K. HPV genotypes were detected using Short PCR Fragment (SPF10) PCR DNA enzyme immunoassay and a Line Probe Assay (LiPA25) . Results HPV was found in 92 (88.5%) ICC; 87 (94.6%) had a single HPV infection and 86 (93.5%) were high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-type positive. The three most common HPV types in ICC were 16 (38.5%), 18 (13.5%) and 45 (6.7%), covering 58.7%. HrHPV vaccine genotypes 16, 18, 31, 35, 45, 52 and 58 were responsible for 73.1% of ICC. For precancerous lesions, the HPV attribution was 85.4% for CIN3, 66.7% for CIN2% and 42.5% for CIN1. Conclusions Our study, the largest in the Caribbean region in (pre)cancer, shows that the prevalence of HPV-type 16 and 18 in cervical cancer is lower compared with the world population but no differences in prevalence of these two HPV types are seen in precancerous lesions. When considering HPV vaccination in Curaçao, the relatively high contribution of non-HPV 16/18 genotypes in ICC should be taken into account.
The sound of study: Student experiences of listening in the university soundscape

The students from three universities (Groningen, Oldenburg and the University of Applied Sciences in Utrecht) were surveyed on the experience of hearing and listening in their studies. Included in the online survey were established questionnaires on hearing loss, tinnitus, hyperacusis, a subscale on psychosocial strain resulting from impaired hearing and a questionnaire about students’ perceptions of listening ease in study environments. Results from the 10,466 students who completed the survey (13% response rate) are highlighted, with particular attention to listening ease and measures proposed by students for improving it. The number of students having problems with hearing and listening transpires to be substantially larger when research is not constrained to students with a recognised hearing impairment, suggesting that listening is primarily a sociocultural performance and achievement rather than an artefact of physical attributes. One finding from our survey is that classroom practices could be more effective if study soundscapes are improved, while universities might exercise greater inclusive responsibility for study as a high quality sensory experience for the benefit of all students.
Biliary brushing cytology

Biliary tract brush specimens are fast becoming the method of choice in the evaluation of patients who present with biliary tract strictures. Although the specificity is high, sensitivity rates for the detection of malignancy are generally low on cytological sampling. New liquid‐based preparations and ancillary tests have emerged with the intent of addressing this issue. This review focuses on the current schemata used in the diagnosis of biliary tract lesions and the current available modalities which aid in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.
Maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity are related to young children's facial expression recognition: The Generation R Study

Abstract A vast body of literature shows that maternal depression has long-term adverse consequences for children. However, only very few studies have documented the effect of maternal depression on children's ability to process emotional expressions and even fewer incorporated measures of observed maternal sensitivity to further tease apart whether it is the symptoms per se or the associated impact via maternal sensitivity that affects children's developing emotion-processing abilities. In a large community sample of Dutch preschoolers (N = 770), we examined independent and mediated effects of maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity on children's ability to recognize emotional expressions using a nonverbal and a verbal task paradigm. Maternal depressive symptoms predicted less accurate emotion labeling in children, while maternal sensitivity was associated with more accurate emotion matching, especially for sadness and anger. Maternal sensitivity did not mediate the observed associations between mothers’ depressive symptoms and children's emotion recognition, and effects were similar for boys and girls. Given that maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity affected nonoverlapping areas of young children's emotion recognition, prevention and intervention efforts should focus on both alleviating maternal depressive symptoms and improving maternal sensitivity at the same time in order to maximize benefit.
Comparative assays for the HER-2/neu oncogene status in breast cancer.

CONTEXT Tumor marker assays, especially those used to indicate the right therapy, should be standardized. OBJECTIVE To analyze the current methods for the HER-2/neu (h2n) oncogene status by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and compare those results with the chromosome 17 copy number and the status of the topoisomerase II alpha (TPIIalpha) gene. DESIGN We tested 50 infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas (pTNM status varied from pT1 N0 to pT4 N1) using the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved methods HercepTest and Pathway for overexpression of h2n. We also used FISH and CISH to test for h2n amplification and CISH to test for chromosome 17 (c17) and TPIIalpha. The p53 and Ki-67 factors were also evaluated by IHC analysis. RESULTS h2n overexpression (3+) and amplification were observed in only 6 (12%) of 50 cases by IHC analysis, FISH, and CISH. Three cases that initially scored 3+ and 2+ had 4 to 5.95 signals (equivocal) by FISH but when corrected by the h2n/c17 ratio were nonamplified. TPIIalpha isomerase was amplified in only 2 (4%) of the 50 cases. Nineteen (38%) of the 50 cases were aneuploidic. All h2n amplified cases had high proliferative activity, but only 2 of 6 had p53 protein alterations. CONCLUSIONS The HercepTest and Pathway IHC assay h2n were fully concordant for the 3+ cases. The 3+ cases had to be confirmed in 75% of the tumor area examined. These 2 IHC assays were fully concordant with FISH and CISH. The 2 in situ hybridization (ISH) assays were 94% concordant for the 50 cases. The cutoff signal points for both ISH assays should be 6 or more. Thus, there is no need for the c17 ratio correction. Tumor heterogeneity appears not be a major problem, but our percentage of amplified cases is lower than previously reported. The FDA-approved IHC and ISH assays should give relatively uniform results when used following our recommendations.
Speaker diarization using unsupervised discriminant analysis of inter-channel delay features

When multiple microphones are available estimates of inter-channel delay, which characterise a speaker-s location, can be used as features for speaker diarization. Background noise and reverberation can, however, lead to noisy features and poor performance. To ameliorate these problems, this paper presents a new approach to the discriminant analysis of delay features for speaker diarization. This novel and nonetheless unsupervised approach aims to increase speaker separability in delay-space. We assess the approach on subsets of four standard NIST RT datasets and demonstrate a relative improvement in diarization error rate of 25% on a separate evaluation set using delay features alone.
HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of female sex workers in Chiang Rai, Thailand.

OBJECTIVES: To determine demographic and behavioural factors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) associated with prevalent HIV-1 infection among brothel based and other female sex workers (FSWs) in Chiang Rai, northern Thailand. METHODS: Data were collected from questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory evaluations on Thai FSWs enrolled in a prospective cohort study in Chiang Rai, Thailand, from 1991 to the end of 1994. RESULTS: HIV-1 seroprevalence was 32% among 500 women: 47% for 280 brothel workers and 13% for 220 other FSWs (p < 0.001); 96% of infections were due to HIV-1 subtype E. At enrolment, other STIs were common: chlamydia, 20%; gonorrhoea, 15%; active syphilis (serological diagnosis), 9%; genital ulcer, 12%; seroreactivity to Haemophilus ducreyi, 21%, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), 76%. On multiple logistic regression analysis, HIV-1 was associated with brothel work, birth in upper northern Thailand, initiation of commercial sex at < 15 years of age, syphilis, HSV-2 seropositivity, and genital ulcer. CONCLUSIONS: Young Thai FSWs working in brothels in northern Thailand in the early phase of the HIV epidemic have been at very high risk for HIV-1 infection and several other STIs. Programmes are needed to prevent girls and young women from entering the sex industry and to reduce the risk of infection with HIV-1 and other STIs.
Comparison of three agents of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis by cross-challenge in volunteers.

duced in volunteers with bacteria-free stool filtrates derived from each outbreak. These filtrates containing the Hawaii and Montgomery County agents, as well as filtrates containing the previously described Norwalk agent, produced clinically similar illness in volunteers. Therefore, volunteers were cross-challenged to determine whether illness was produced by antigenically related or unrelated agents. It was suggested that the Norwalk and Hawaii agents were antigenically dissimilar, since disease produced by either agent failed to confer immunity to subsequent disease caused by the other. In contrast, similar studies suggested antigenic relatedness between the Norwalk and Montgomery County agents, since Norwalkinduced disease seemed to confer immunity to later challenge with the Montgomery County agent.
Experimental and numerical study of the propagation of a discharge in a capillary tube in air at atmospheric pressure

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of a pulsed air plasma discharge at atmospheric pressure propagating in a capillary glass tube. In this work, we have compared the discharge structures and the axial propagation velocities of discharges. First, we have studied a needle-to-plane configuration without tube. For applied voltages in the range 7–18 kV, we have observed in experiments and in simulations that a plasma ball starts to develop around the needle tip. Then, for applied voltages less than 14 kV, in experiments, the discharge rapidly splits into several streamer channels with a main axial streamer. In simulations, we have computed only the main axial discharge. For applied voltages higher than 14 kV, in experiments and in simulations, we have observed that the discharge propagates with a cone shape in the gap. For all studied voltages, a good experiment/modelling agreement is obtained on the axial propagation velocity of the discharge, which increases with the applied voltage. Then, we have studied the propagation of discharges inside capillary tubes with radii in the range 37.5–300 µm. In experiments and simulations, we have observed that for small tube radius, the discharge front is quite homogeneous inside the tube and becomes tubular when the tube radius increases. Experimentally, we have observed that the velocity of the discharge reaches a maximum for a tube radius slightly less than 100 µm. We have noted that for a tube radius of 100 µm, the discharge velocity is three to four times higher than the velocity obtained without tube. This clearly shows the influence of the confinement by a capillary tube on the discharge dynamics. In this work, we have only simulated discharges for tube radii in the range 100–300 µm. We have noted that both in experiments and in simulations, the velocity of the discharge in tubes increases linearly with the applied voltage. As the radius of the tube decreases, the discharge velocity derived from the simulations slightly increases but is less than the experimental one. We have noted that the discrepancy on the discharge velocity between experiments and simulations increases as the voltage increases.
Pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and often incapacitating disorder that is frequently complicated by mood and additional anxiety diagnoses. Although appropriate pharmacotherapy is often of great benefit, full remission is rare. Separate multi-center, placebo-controlled trials of clomipramine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline and fluvoxamine, respectively, have established the unparalleled efficacy and safety of the serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in the treatment of OCD. Direct comparisons of SRIs suggest similar efficacy, but reduced tolerability for clomipramine in comparison to fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline and paroxetine in patients with OCD. Although 60-80% of OCD patients will respond to SRI treatment, partial symptom reduction (mean improvement, 25-40% from baseline) remains the rule. Controlled trials of adjuvant lithium, buspirone, thyroid hormone or clonazepam added to ongoing SRI therapy have failed to demonstrate substantial further antiobsessive effects. The prese.
Concurrent Movement Impairs Incidental But Not Intentional Statistical Learning

The effect of concurrent movement on incidental versus intentional statistical learning was examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants learned the statistical regularities embedded within familiarization stimuli implicitly, whereas in Experiment 2 they were made aware of the embedded regularities and were instructed explicitly to learn these regularities. Experiment 1 demonstrated that while the control group were able to learn the statistical regularities, the resistance-free cycling group and the exercise group did not demonstrate learning. This is in contrast with the findings of Experiment 2, where all three groups demonstrated significant levels of learning. The results suggest that the movement demands, rather than the physiological stress, interfered with statistical learning. We suggest movement activates the striatum, which is not only responsible for motor control but also plays a role in incidental learning.
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE Original Studies Prospective Evaluation of Myocardial Ischemia Related to Post-Procedural Side-Branch Stenosis in Bifurcated Lesions Treated by Provisional Approach with Drug-Eluting Stents

Objectives: To prospectively assess the impact of post-procedural side-branch (SB) stenosis on inducible myocardial ischemia in patients with bifurcated lesions undergoing percutaneous interventions. Background: Provisional-stenting with drug-eluting stents (DES) is the recommended strategy to treat percutaneously bifurcated lesions but is associated to variable degrees of residual SB stenosis. The role of SB residual stenosis on post-procedural myocardial ischemia is uncertain. Methods: Patients with bifurcations treated by DES according to provisional-stenting technique were enrolled in the study if they had no other untreated lesion. Patients were divided into two groups according to post-procedural 3D-quantitative coronary analysis (3DQCA): group OR (optimal result: stenosis < 50% of SB lumen area at 3DQCA) and group SR, suboptimal result: (stenosis 50% of SB lumen area at 3DQCA). Treadmill exercise stress test (EST) was performed within 1 week from PCI. The primary study endpoint was myocardial ischemia ( 1 mm ST-segment depression at EST). Results: Sixty patients were enrolled: 49 (81.7%) comprised group OR and 11 (18.3%) group SR. Post-PCI myocardial ischemia at EST was inducible in 17 (34.7%) patients of group OR versus 10 (90.9%) patients of group SR (P 5 0.0007). During the follow-up, patients of Group SR (vs. Group OR) had a significantly higher occurrence of inducible myocardial ischemia during late (>8 weeks) stress tests (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In patients with bifurcated lesions treated by a provisional-stenting technique, residual SB stenosis 50% at 3DQCA is associated with post-procedural inducible myocardial ischemia at EST. VC 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.