Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Getting to know the self and others: Babies' interactions with other babies

ny attempt to come to grips with what infants know of other persons must approach the question of what it means to Ah ow a person, or indeed to know oneself. In this paper I am less concerned with what infants know than with life long processes of getting to know another person as distinct from the self, and the processes which promote and impede this process of discovery. Using examples of interactions between pairs of same-aged babies I hope to illustrate the relevance of psychoanalyhc concepts, focusing particularly on defences against anxiety, primitive phantasy and the account of the depressive position put forward by Melanie Klein (1935). This refers to a phase rather than a stage development, or a reorientation in mental life through which the infant deals with the painful consequences of loving and hating impulses directed towards the same person or love object. The study involved six pairs of same-aged babies followed longitudinally. The babies in each pair knew each other before the study began and saw each other regularly outside it. There were two girl-girl, two boy-boy and two boy-gn-1 pairs. Three pairs were followed for one year, from 6 and 8 months. Two pairs were between 10 and 12 months at the start of the study and were also followed from one year. A further pair were followed from 18 to 24 months. With the exception of one of the children in the latter pair, all the children were first born and only children throughout the study period. Thus the study covered the development period from 6 to 24 months.
Switching between suspension and production in the presence of investment lags and uncertainty

A general result in real option theory is that the investment trigger increases with increasing volatility of project returns. However, for irreversible investments with a possibility to reduce losses through temporary production suspension this result does not necessarily hold. In this case, incentives to invest may increase at high volatilities. The reason is that losses can be reduced in bad states while a chance for high profits exists in good states. This paper analyses for the first time how investment triggers are affected by the ratio of variable to fixed production costs and the particular role of time-lags between investment decision and production, given the option to suspend production. Using simulation experiments, it is numerically illustrated that the impact of the suspension option on investment incentives is more pronounced if the ratio of variable to fixed production costs and timelags are high. It is further shown that this effect exist in both competitive and uncompetitive environments.
Social Work Students' Research-Related Anxiety and Self-Efficacy: Research Instructors' Perceptions and Teaching Innovations

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to examine social work research instructors' perceptions of research-related anxiety and research confidence among social work students, and teaching strategies to identify and manage anxiety. A national web-based survey of 186 BSW and MSW social work research instructors was conducted. Many BSW (70%) and MSW (61%) research instructors reported that they used specific activities or approaches to assess or impact upon student anxiety. Qualitative analysis results suggested a teaching model for social work research instructors designed to reduce students' research-related anxiety, including by enhancing their research confidence. Strategies that instructors can use include creating a supportive class climate, providing activities that are emotion-, cognitive-, and action-focused as well as the use of strategic timing. These findings can be used to guide social work research instructors' facilitation of students' attainment of research competencies and help further students' research–practice integration.
eHealth and the use of individually tailored information: A systematic review

Tailored messages are those that specifically target individuals following an assessment of their unique characteristics. This systematic review assesses the evidence regarding the effectiveness of tailoring within eHealth interventions aimed at chronic disease management. OVID Medline/Embase databases were searched for randomised control trials, controlled clinical, trials, before -after studies, and time series analyses from inception - May 2014. Objectively measured clinical processes/outcomes were considered. Twenty-two papers were eligible for inclusion: 6/22 used fully tailored messaging and 16/22 used partially tailored messages. Two studies isolated tailoring as the active component. The remainder compared intervention with standard care. In all, 12/16 studies measuring clinical processes and 2/6 studies reporting clinical outcomes showed improvements, regardless of target group. Study quality was low and design did not allow for identification of interventions’ active component. Heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. This review has demonstrated that there is a lack of evidence to suggest that tailoring within an eHealth context confers benefit over non-tailored eHealth interventions.
Effects of 10 to 30 years of lithium treatment on kidney function

Long-term lithium treatment is associated with end-stage renal disease, but there is little evidence of a clinically significant reduction in renal function in most patients. We previously found that 1.5% of people who took lithium from the 1960s and 1970s developed end-stage renal disease; however, none of the patients who started after 1980 had end-stage renal disease. Here we aimed to study the prevalence and extent of kidney damage during the course of long-term lithium treatment since 1980. We retrieved serum lithium and creatinine levels from 4879 patients examined between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 2010. Only patients who started their lithium treatment during the study period and had at least 10 years of cumulative treatment were included. The study group comprised 630 adult patients (402 women and 228 men) with normal creatinine levels at the start of lithium treatment. There was a yearly increase in median serum creatinine levels already from the first year of treatment. About one-third of the patients who had taken lithium for 10–29 years had evidence of chronic renal failure but only 5% were in the severe or very severe category. The results indicate that a substantial proportion of adult patients who are treated with lithium for more than a decade develop signs of renal functional impairment, also when treated according to modern therapeutic principles. Our results emphasise that lithium treatment requires continuous monitoring of kidney function.
Auditory paradigm for a P300 BCI system using spatial hearing

The present paper proposes an auditory BCI paradigm for systems based on P300 signals which are generated by auditory stimuli characterized by different sound typologies and locations. A Head Related Transfer Function approach is adopted to virtualize auditory stimuli. When virtualized audio is used, the user has to focus the attention both on the type and location of the stimulus, thus generating P300 signals whose amplitude is higher than that generated without audio virtualization. Classification is performed by Support Vector Machines in which gaussian radial basis functions are used as kernel functions. The system has been validated with 14 users, who were asked to choose one among five common spoken words, previously virtualized and transmitted to stereophonic headphones. Classification results prove that the proposed auditory BCI system performed similarly to common visual BCI P300 systems, representing then an alternative to visual BCI for users with visual impairments.
Visually evoked cerebral blood flow velocity changes in different states of brain dysfunction.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE By assessment of metabolically induced cerebral blood flow velocity changes, transcranial Doppler sonography offers the opportunity to evaluate vasoneuronal coupling in different states of brain activation and in critically ill patients. METHODS With simultaneous transcranial Doppler monitoring of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and the middle cerebral artery (MCA), 27 control subjects, 11 patients under general anesthesia, 5 patients in the vegetative state, and 12 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were stimulated with a 10-Hz flashlight for 30 seconds. Ten cycles of stimulation were averaged, and a specific flow response (SFR) was computed as the normalized ratio of PCA/MCA mean flow velocity. RESULTS Maximal SFR was 14.2% in control subjects. Eye closure significantly reduced maximal SFR (11.6% versus 15.4%, P<.01). In subarachnoid hemorrhage, SFR was markedly decreased in the early phase (4.8%, P<.01) but became normal later on. Four of 5 patients with abolished SFR suffered delayed ischemia due to vasospasm. Of 7 patients with preserved SFR, 5 had vasospasm but none had delayed ischemia. No SFR was observed in patients under general anesthesia or in the vegetative state. CONCLUSIONS Although reflecting fast and local neuronal activity patterns, metabolically induced blood flow response is highly dependent on stimulus-directed attention. In subarachnoid hemorrhage, decreased metabolic flow response suggests severe depression of vasoneuronal coupling, and abolished SFR might indicate increased vulnerability to vasospasm and a higher risk for delayed ischemia.
Trigonella foenum (Fenugreek) Induced Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line, HepG2, Mediated by Upregulation of p53 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and most current therapies are of limited efficacy. Trigonella foenum (Fenugreek) is a traditional herbal plant with antitumor activity, although the mechanisms of its activity remain unclear. Herein, a crude methanol extract was prepared from Fenugreek seeds (FCE) and its anticancer mechanism was evaluated, using HepG2 cell line. Growth-inhibitory effect and apoptosis induction of HepG2 cells were evidenced by MTT assay, cell morphology alteration, apoptosis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometric analysis, caspase-3 activity, and expression of p53, proapoptotic protein, Bax, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) after (100∼500 μg/mL) FCE treatment for 48 h. Furthermore, FCE was analyzed by Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Our results revealed that FCE treatment for 48 h showed a cytotoxic effect and apoptosis induction in a dose-dependent manner that was mediated by upregulation of p53, Bax, PCNA, and caspase-3 activation in HepG2 cells. GC-MS analysis of FCE showed the presence of fourteen bioactive compounds such as Terpenoids and Flavonoids, including two main constituents with anticancer activity, Squalene and Naringenin (27.71% and 24.05%), respectively. Our data introduced FCE as a promising nontoxic herbal with therapeutic potential to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells through p53, Bax, and PCNA upregulation in caspase-3 dependent manner.
Classroom Active Learning Complemented by an Online Discussion Forum to Teach Sustainability

This paper identifies some of the pedagogical benefits of an active learning course delivery complemented by an online discussion forum to teach sustainability by evaluating the case of a geography master's course. The potential benefits and some challenges of an active learning course delivery to teach sustainability in geography and related disciplines are considered. This case study further supports past research that suggests e-learning as a complement to the classroom (1) increases the opportunities for student participation; and (2) enhances the participation of students who may feel more inhibited to engage in discussions in a traditional classroom setting.
Agonist-Independent Constitutive Activity of Angiotensin II Receptor Promotes Cardiac Remodeling in Mice

The angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) receptor mainly mediates the physiological and pathological actions of Ang II, but recent studies have suggested that AT1 receptor inherently shows spontaneous constitutive activity even in the absence of Ang II in culture cells. To elucidate the role of Ang II–independent AT1 receptor activation in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing AT1 receptor under the control of &agr;-myosin heavy chain promoter in angiotensinogen-knockout background (AT1Tg-AgtKO mice). In AT1Tg-AgtKO hearts, redistributions of the G&agr;q11 subunit into cytosol and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases were significantly increased, compared with angiotensinogen-knockout mice hearts, suggesting that the AT1 receptor is constitutively activated independent of Ang II. As a consequence, AT1Tg-AgtKO mice showed spontaneous systolic dysfunction and chamber dilatation, accompanied by severe interstitial fibrosis. Progression of cardiac remodeling in AT1Tg-AgtKO mice was prevented by treatment with candesartan, an inverse agonist for the AT1 receptor, but not by its derivative candesartan-7H, deficient of inverse agonism attributed to a lack of the carboxyl group at the benzimidazole ring. Our results demonstrate that constitutive activity of the AT1 receptor under basal conditions contributes to the cardiac remodeling even in the absence of Ang II, when the AT1 receptor is upregulated in the heart.
Perspectives on good preceptorship

Background: Clinical education is an essential part of the Bachelor’s program in Nursing and a keystone of professional nursing education. Through clinical experiences, the student nurses acquire nursing knowledge and essential skills for professional practice. The preceptor plays a vital role in the development of student nurses becoming professional nurses. Aim: The aim of this Nordic qualitative study was to explore the experiences of good preceptorship in relation to undergraduate student nurses in clinical education from the perspective of the preceptors themselves. Method: Data were collected by narrative interviews with 27 preceptors in Finland and Sweden and analyzed using a hermeneutical approach. Findings: A caring relationship, based on caring ethics, is seen as the foundation for learning and development. Moreover, a mutual respect is a prerequisite for fellowship and a good atmosphere. As such, encounters are characterized by reciprocity and mutuality. The preceptors have a deep sense of responsibility toward the students and the profession. Furthermore, the preceptors have an inner responsibility to guide the students into working life and to share their knowledge by acting as role models. Conclusion: The findings suggest that preceptorship should be examined through new lenses. Moreover, preceptorship is an ethical issue that should be recognized by all stakeholders.
Impact of Gender and Nationality on Acceptance of a Digital Library: An Empirical Validation of Nationality Based UTAUT Using SEM

Electronic Library Systems (ELS) has become an inevitable part of educational institutions. Though millions of dollars are spent building and developing these systems, research findings indicates that millions of potential users may still be ignoring them. Consequently, different Technology Acceptance Models have been applied towards understanding the effect of various factors on end users acceptance of Information Systems (IS). Gender has been found to be an important factor and, as such, has attracted a lot of attention from the research community. Our research, however, recognized the existence of a different cohort group of users of ELS with different usage behavior not just based on gender but also based on nationality and, therefore, developed a Nationality Based UTAUT (NUTAUT) adapted from UTAUT to account for the effect of gender and nationality on acceptance, simultaneously. Nationality was introduced based on the assumption that the UTAUT independent constructs will impact on acceptance and usage differently when moderated by gender and nationality simultaneously. The result obtained from the analysis of data collected from 116 student participants provides support for NUTAUT by showing that the various UTAUT constructs exert varying degree of effects when moderated by gender and nationality combined. It not only confirms the NUTAUT robustness in predicting acceptance of both Male and Female Students (91% and 85% respectively) but also determines the importance of each independent construct to each group, based on their nationality and gender. Social Influence was found to be significant for both international males and females while effort expectancy is a more significant factor for both national males and females. This result indicated that the effect of gender on adoption and use of technology also differ based on nationality. The results of the study are expected to assist in understanding the use of ELS across different cohort groups in society, particularly those in different gender and nationality groups, and serve as a mechanism in guiding the development of ELS, as well as in aiding policy formulation regarding ELS and IS design for schools, research, commercial and work places. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used as the main technique for data analysis.
Cognition, Computers, and Synthetic Science: Building Knowledge and Meaning Through Modeling

Recent studies suggest that elementary and high school students perceive science largely as a passive process of observing and recording events. In their view, good scientists are those who attend acutely and who keep accurate and complete records of all that they observe (Carey, Evans, Honda, Jay, & Unger, 1989; Songer & Linn, 1991). Although attending to phenomena is a crucial part of science, the construal of science as passive observation is at serious odds with the practices of professional scientists. Students' views of science, unfortunately, are consistent with science as experienced in most elementary and high schools. Science education in school typically focuses on accumulating facts and formulas. Scientific activity is often restricted to prepackaged experiments that are little more than demonstrations of the state of current scientific knowledge. The tacit goal in these experiments is to reproduce a known effect. This is not to deny that theory verification is an important aspect of science (Popper, 1962), although it is an open question whether students understand that verification is what they are engaged in. However, verification is only a small aspect of scientific practice. Educational practices that either explicitly or implicitly suggest otherwise do a disservice to students. Science education needs to move beyond the demonstrations and so-called experiments that are characteristic of school science. This requires that researchers and educators consider ways of engaging students that involve them in seeking to understand and explain natural phenomena. The practices of professional science provide some ideas of what this type of engagement might entail. Science, as the quotation that started this chapter suggests, is the practice of trying to make sense of the world around us. In contrast to mainstream practices of school
Retractions in orthopaedic research

Objectives Despite the fact that research fraud and misconduct are under scrutiny in the field of orthopaedic research, little systematic work has been done to uncover and characterise the underlying reasons for academic retractions in this field. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of retractions and identify the reasons for retracted publications in the orthopaedic literature. Methods Two reviewers independently searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (1995 to current) using MeSH keyword headings and the ‘retracted’ filter. We also searched an independent website that reports and archives retracted scientific publications (www.retractionwatch.com). Two reviewers independently extracted data including reason for retraction, study type, journal impact factor, and country of origin. Results One hundred and ten retracted studies were included for data extraction. The retracted studies were published in journals with impact factors ranging from 0.000 (discontinued journals) to 13.262. In the 20-year search window, only 25 papers were retracted in the first ten years, with the remaining 85 papers retracted in the most recent decade. The most common reasons for retraction were fraudulent data (29), plagiarism (25) and duplicate publication (20). Retracted articles have been cited up to 165 times (median 6; interquartile range 2 to 19). Conclusion The rate of retractions in the orthopaedic literature is increasing, with the majority of retractions attributed to academic misconduct and fraud. Orthopaedic retractions originate from numerous journals and countries, indicating that misconduct issues are widespread. The results of this study highlight the need to address academic integrity when training the next generation of orthopaedic investigators. Cite this article: J. Yan, A. MacDonald, L-P. Baisi, N. Evaniew, M. Bhandari, M. Ghert. Retractions in orthopaedic research: A systematic review. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:263–268. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.56. BJR-2016-0047.
Neither here nor there? Place and placemaking in the lives of separated children

Of the approximate 18 million refugees worldwide, between 2 and 5% are estimated to be separated children, a figure which represents between 360,000 and 900,000 children. Place and placemaking represent vital components and realities during flight. The concept of place addresses the physical and social environments within which separated children move through and live in. Place and placemaking both include elements of physical setting, activity, and meaning, with placemaking specifically constituting the act of transforming the places one finds oneself into the places in which one lives. Drawing upon in-depth interviews and a focus group with 17 youth respondents living in Canada, this paper explores the realities of place and placemaking in the lives of separated children. In particular, the paper highlights the meaning and significance of place during flight. It examines the ways in which respondents 'made place' in contexts of violence and insecurity through social networks, through reliance on language and cultural traditions, and through place attachment and identity. Uncertainty continues to surround the concept and meaning of place and placemaking in large part due to their contextual and subjective nature. Furthermore, the notion of place is often under-explored and under-theorized when considering separated children’s experiences and realities.
Design and optimization of laminated busbar to reduce transient voltage spike

The presence of loop inductance causes significant surge voltage due to hard-switching operation of voltage source inverters. This generally requires high-voltage rating of switching devices, which results in additional cost and power loss. This paper presents a surge voltage model to study busbar stray inductances in Electric Vehicle systems. The model demonstrates that the inductance of commutation cells contributes to significant voltage surge, resonance and electromagnetic interference. Based on modeling, the design tradeoff of different busbar structures can be analyzed by finite elements methods (FEM), which are based on Maxwell equations. The optimal design is proposed to reduce stray inductances of interconnection busbars for electric vehicle drive systems. Finally, the proposed design and optimization are evaluated by both simulation and experimental tests.