Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forming Process, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Thin-Walled 316L Stainless Steel Using Speed-Cold-Welding Additive Manufacturing

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) produces thin-walled parts superior to other additive manufacturing methods, because of its high efficiency, good compactability, and low cost. However, the WAAM accuracy is limited by its large heat input. Here, 0.8 mm 316L stainless steel welding wire is deposited via speed cold welding to form 30-layered thin-walled samples, with 2 mm thickness, and up to 65 mm height. The effects of three process parameters (the bottom current mode, scanning speed, and cooling time) on the deposition process stability, macro morphology, structure, and mechanical properties are studied. In the experiment, the probability density curves of electrical parameters of sample #GRBC-30 cm/min-10 s on the third and tenth layers were narrower than other samples, which implied a more stable process. The three process parameters mainly affect the deposition morphology and have a minor performance effect. The hardness and tensile properties mainly depend on the deposition direction. Gradual, layer-by-layer current reduction improves the bottom molding and performance, and the deposition efficiency, and stabilizes the process. Scanning speed enhancement or cooling time reduction destabilizes the end formation, reduces the effective deposition rate, and slightly degrades the performance. All deposited samples are distinctly anisotropic, but satisfy the industrial standard. Overall, deposition in speed cold welding mode, with 10 s cooling time, 30 cm/min scanning speed, and gradually reduced bottom current exhibits good stability, and the molding efficiency and mechanical properties are optimal.
State Estimation for the Individual and the Population in Mean Field Control With Application to Demand Dispatch

This paper concerns state estimation problems in a mean field control setting. In a finite population model, the goal is to estimate the joint distribution of the population state and the state of a typical individual. The observation equations are a noisy measurement of the population. The general results are applied to demand dispatch for regulation of the power grid, based on randomized local control algorithms. In prior work by the authors it is shown that local control can be designed so that the aggregate of loads behaves as a controllable resource, with accuracy matching or exceeding traditional sources of frequency regulation. The operational cost is nearly zero in many cases. The information exchange between grid and load is minimal, but it is assumed in the overall control architecture that the aggregate power consumption of loads is available to the grid operator. It is shown that the Kalman filter can be constructed to reduce these communication requirements, and to provide the grid operator with accurate estimates of the mean and variance of quality of service (QoS) for an individual load.
Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in the Developing Mouse Brain and Spinal Cord: A Reverse Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Study

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) are essential for coordinated extracellular matrix turnover during central nervous system development. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to evaluate the mRNA expression of MMP-2, -3, -7, -9, -10, -11, -12, -13, -14, -15, and -24, and TIMP-1, -2, -3, and -4 in the prosencephalon, rhombencephalon, and spinal cord of 1- to 40-week-old mice. The molecular data were interpreted in the context of morphological observations. Significantly higher expression levels of MMP-2, -11, -13, -14, -15, and -24, and TIMP-1 and -3 were found in the brain and spinal cord 1 week after birth compared to later time points, while MMP-9 and TIMP-2 upregulation was restricted to the brain. This upregulation coincided with the maximal extension of the transient cerebellar external granular layer, a marker of neuronal progenitor proliferation and migration. MMP-12 was significantly upregulated at later time points and found to be positively correlated with myelination in the rhombencephalon and spinal cord. MMP-3, -7, and -10 mRNA expressions remained unchanged or were negligible. In summary, while most of the MMPs and TIMPs studied seem to be involved in cell proliferation and migration, MMP-12 might be decisive for myelination.
Learning Transferred Weights From Co-Occurrence Data for Heterogeneous Transfer Learning

One of the main research problems in heterogeneous transfer learning is to determine whether a given source domain is effective in transferring knowledge to a target domain, and then to determine how much of the knowledge should be transferred from a source domain to a target domain. The main objective of this paper is to solve this problem by evaluating the relatedness among given domains through transferred weights. We propose a novel method to learn such transferred weights with the aid of co-occurrence data, which contain the same set of instances but in different feature spaces. Because instances with the same category should have similar features, our method is to compute their principal components in each feature space such that co-occurrence data can be rerepresented by these principal components. The principal component coefficients from different feature spaces for the same instance in the co-occurrence data have the same order of significance for describing the category information. By using these principal component coefficients, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is employed to construct a directed cyclic network where each node is a domain and each edge weight is the conditional dependence from one domain to another domain. Here, the edge weight of the network can be employed as the transferred weight from a source domain to a target domain. The weight values can be taken as a prior for setting parameters in the existing heterogeneous transfer learning methods to control the amount of knowledge transferred from a source domain to a target domain. The experimental results on synthetic and real-world data sets are reported to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method that can capture strong or weak relations among feature spaces, and enhance the learning performance of heterogeneous transfer learning.
Two-Temperature Intracluster Medium in Merging Clusters of Galaxies

We investigate the evolution of the intracluster medium during a cluster merger, explicitly considering the relaxation process between the ions and electrons using N-body and hydrodynamical simulations. When two subclusters collide, a bow shock is formed between the centers of the two substructures and propagates in both directions along the collision axis. The shock primarily heats the ions because the kinetic energy of an ion entering the shock is larger than that of an electron by the ratio of their masses. In the postshock region, the energy is transported from the ions to the electrons via Coulomb coupling. However, since the energy-exchange timescale depends on both the gas density and the temperature, the distribution of the electron temperature becomes more complex than that of the plasma mean temperature, especially in the expanding phase. After the collision of two subclusters, gas outflow occurs not only along the collision axis but also in its perpendicular direction. The gas originally located in the central parts of the subclusters moves in both the parallel and perpendicular directions. Since the equilibrium timescale of the gas along these directions is relatively short, the temperature difference between ions and electrons is larger in the directions tilted at angles of ±45° with respect to the collision axis. The electron temperature could be significantly lower than the plasma mean temperature, by at most ~50%. The significance of our results for the interpretation of X-ray observations is briefly discussed.
Visualization and Level-of-Detail Control for Multi-Dimensional Bioactive Chemical Data

We previously applied our own hierarchical data visualization technique for structure-activity relationship (SAR)analyses of biochemical data. The study applied a recursive partitioning to store the drugs as hierarchical data,based on their chemical structures, and visualized the hierarchy of drugs. Though the activity data of drugs is usually multi-dimensional, our previous work did not represent the multi-dimensional values onto one display space. This paper presents a technique for visualizing hierarchical multidimensional data, and its level-of-detail (LOD) control,for visualization of multi-dimensional bioactive chemical data. The technique is an extension of our hierarchical data visualization technique, where the extended technique places leaf-nodes as well as the original hierarchical data visualization technique, and represents multi-dimensional values by dividing the icons of the leaf nodes.
Assessment of market efficiency in Argentina, Brazil and Chile: an event study of mergers and acquisitions

This paper presents an investigation into the relationship between the announcement of mergers and acquisitions, the existence of positive abnormal returns for shares of these firms, and market efficiency in Argentina, Brazil and Chile. Statistically significant Standardized Abnormal Returns were present in the event announcement and the following days in Argentina and Chile and on the event day in Brazil, confirming value creation signaling. Furthermore, the significance of abnormal returns in the event window, namely in the 5 days following the event in Argentina and Chile and the absence of such in Brazil suggests a more efficient market exists in Brazil, in keeping with the semi-strong market efficiency hypothesis. The absence of semi-strong efficient market behavior could prove valuable to investors who could use a window of a few days after the event announcement to accumulate abnormal returns, provided the appropriate research into news of possible mergers or acquisitions has been made.
Reliability on Intra-Laboratory and Inter-Laboratory Data of Hair Mineral Analysis Comparing with Blood Analysis

Background Nowadays, although its clinical value remains controversial institutions utilize hair mineral analysis. Arguments about the reliability of hair mineral analysis persist, and there have been evaluations of commercial laboratories performing hair mineral analysis. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of intra-laboratory and inter-laboratory data at three commercial laboratories conducting hair mineral analysis, compared to serum mineral analysis. Methods Two divided hair samples taken from near the scalp were submitted for analysis at the same time, to all laboratories, from one healthy volunteer. Each laboratory sent a report consisting of quantitative results and their interpretation of health implications. Differences among intra-laboratory and interlaboratory data were analyzed using SPSS version 12.0 (SPSS Inc., USA). Results All the laboratories used identical methods for quantitative analysis, and they generated consistent numerical results according to Friedman analysis of variance. However, the normal reference ranges of each laboratory varied. As such, each laboratory interpreted the patient's health differently. On intra-laboratory data, Wilcoxon analysis suggested they generated relatively coherent data, but laboratory B could not in one element, so its reliability was doubtful. In comparison with the blood test, laboratory C generated identical results, but not laboratory A and B. Conclusion Hair mineral analysis has its limitations, considering the reliability of inter and intra laboratory analysis comparing with blood analysis. As such, clinicians should be cautious when applying hair mineral analysis as an ancillary tool. Each laboratory included in this study requires continuous refinement from now on for inducing standardized normal reference levels.
A Matter of Life and Death: Exploring Conceptualizations of Sociomateriality in the Context of Critical Care

Sociomateriality has been attracting growing attention in the Organization Studies and Information Systems literatures since 2007, with more than 140 journal articles now referring to the concept. Over 80 percent of these articles have been published since January 2011 and almost all cite the work of Orlikowski (2007, 2010; Orlikowski and Scott 2008) as the source of the concept. Only a few, however, address all of the notions that Orlikowski suggests are entailed in sociomateriality, namely materiality, inseparability, relationality, performativity, and practices, with many employing the concept quite selectively. The contribution of sociomateriality to these literatures is, therefore, still unclear. Drawing on evidence from an ongoing study of the adoption of a computer-based clinical information system in a hospital critical care unit, this paper explores whether the notions, individually and collectively, offer a distinctive and coherent account of the relationship between the social and the material that may be useful in Information Systems research. It is argued that if sociomateriality is to be more than simply a label for research employing a number of loosely related existing theoretical approaches, then studies employing the concept need to pay greater attention to the notions entailed in it and to differences in their interpretation.
Local amplification of glucocorticoids in the aging brain and impaired spatial memory

The hippocampus is a prime target for glucocorticoids (GCs) and a brain structure particularly vulnerable to aging. Prolonged exposure to excess GCs compromises hippocampal electrophysiology, structure, and function. Blood GC levels tend to increase with aging and correlate with impaired spatial memory in aging rodents and humans. The magnitude of GC action within tissues depends not only on levels of steroid hormone that enter the cells from the periphery and the density of intracellular receptors but also on the local metabolism of GCs by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSD). The predominant isozyme in the adult brain, 11β-HSD1, locally regenerates active GCs from inert 11-keto forms thus amplifying GC levels within specific target cells including in the hippocampus and cortex. Aging associates with elevated hippocampal and neocortical 11β-HSD1 and impaired spatial learning while deficiency of 11β-HSD1 in knockout (KO) mice prevents the emergence of cognitive decline with age. Furthermore, short-term pharmacological inhibition of 11β-HSD1 in already aged mice reverses spatial memory impairments. Here, we review research findings that support a key role for GCs with special emphasis on their intracellular regulation by 11β-HSD1 in the emergence of spatial memory deficits with aging, and discuss the use of 11β-HSD1 inhibitors as a promising novel treatment in ameliorating/improving age-related memory impairments.
Improvement of dual chamber pneumatic vibration isolators by using input-output linearization and Time Delay Control

Existing controls for the dual chamber pneumatic vibration isolator (DC-PVI) have the following problems: (1) unable to suppress both seismic vibration and direct disturbance (or payload disturbance) simultaneously; (2) complex and of high-order. In this paper, we have applied input-output linearization to the DC-PVI to derive a reduced-order model that enables the followings: (i) a reduced-order control design; (ii) simultaneous suppression with an accelerometer only. We have employed Time Delay Control (TDC), well-known for its simplicity and robustness to uncertainties and disturbance. Based on the reduced-order model and its corresponding TDC design, an active control scheme has been derived that requires only an accelerometer for its sensor. This scheme was experimented with a DC-PVI, which successfully suppresses seismic vibration and direct disturbance both separately and simultaneously. Faced with seismic vibration, the transmissibility of the DC-PVI with TDC has virtually no resonance peak at low frequency; under direct disturbance, the DC-PVI with TDC achieves a 65 percent reduction in settling time of that without TDC.
The abundance of Galactic planets from OGLE-III 2002 microlensing data

From the 389 OGLE-III 2002 observations of Galactic bulge microlensing events, we select 321 that are well described by a point-source point-lens light-curve model. From this sample we identify one event, 2002-BLG-055, that we regard as a strong planetary lensing candidate, and another, 2002-BLG-140, that is a possible candidate. If each of the 321 lens stars has one planet with a mass ratio q=m/M = 10 -3 and orbit radius a =R E , the Einstein ring radius, analysis of detection efficiencies indicates that 14 planets should have been detectable with 2 > 25. Assuming our candidate is due to planetary lensing, then the abundance of planets with q = 10 -3 and a =R E is n p ≈ n /14 = 7 per cent. Conversion to physical units (Jupiter masses, M Jup , and astronomical units, au) gives the abundance of ‘cool Jupiters’( m ≈ M Jup , a ≈ 4 au) per lens star as n p ≈ n /5.5 = 18 per cent. The detection probability scales roughly with q and ( 2 ) -1/2 , and drops off from a peak at a ≈ 4 au like a Gaussian with a dispersion of 0.4 dex.
Single pass 7 watts continuous wave 532 nm generation by focusing optimized second harmonic generation in MgO:PPLN

Thermal effect in high-power CW single-pass 1064 nm SHG for 532 nm generation using MgO:PPLN crystal has been theoretically and experimentally investigated. By careful control of the focusing condition to deal with the well-known thermal issue such as thermal lensing and dephasing in MgO:PPLN crystal, we have successfully generated >7W green output at 532nm using a 25mm long crystal without observing optical damage. This achievement has enhanced the maximum CW green power generated through MgO:PPLN crystal by a factor of 3 as compared to the common optimization under low power condition, and by a factor of 2 as compared to the scheme of single-pass multi-crystal cascading SHG. To our best knowledge, this result gives the highest CW green power via SHG of MgO:PPLN crystal. Furthermore, a systematic study for SHG optimization has shown that >30% SHG conversion efficiency can be achieved from 2W to 7W under output-power dependent optimization.
Quantitative Comparison of SPM, FSL, and Brainsuite for Brain MR Image Segmentation

Background: Accurate brain tissue segmentation from magnetic resonance (MR) images is an important step in analysis of cerebral images. There are software packages which are used for brain segmentation. These packages usually contain a set of skull stripping, intensity non-uniformity (bias) correction and segmentation routines. Thus, assessment of the quality of the segmented gray matter (GM), white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is needed for the neuroimaging applications. Methods: In this paper, performance evaluation of three widely used brain segmentation software packages SPM8, FSL and Brainsuite is presented. Segmentation with SPM8 has been performed in three frameworks: i) default segmentation, ii) SPM8 New-segmentation and iii) modified version using hidden Markov random field as implemented in SPM8-VBM toolbox. Results: The accuracy of the segmented GM, WM and CSF and the robustness of the tools against changes of image quality has been assessed using Brainweb simulated MR images and IBSR real MR images. The calculated similarity between the segmented tissues using different tools and corresponding ground truth shows variations in segmentation results. Conclusion: A few studies has investigated GM, WM and CSF segmentation. In these studies, the skull stripping and bias correction are performed separately and they just evaluated the segmentation. Thus, in this study, assessment of complete segmentation framework consisting of pre-processing and segmentation of these packages is performed. The obtained results can assist the users in choosing an appropriate segmentation software package for the neuroimaging application of interest.
Two routes toward optimism: how agentic and communal themes in autobiographical memories guide optimism for the future

ABSTRACT Autobiographical memories are particularly adaptive because they function not only to preserve the past, but also to direct our future thoughts and behaviours. Two studies were conducted to examine how communal and agentic themes of positive autobiographical memories differentially predicted the route from autobiographical memories to optimism for the future. Across two studies, results revealed that the degree to which participants focused on communal themes in their autobiographical memories predicted their experience of nostalgia. In turn, the experience of nostalgia increased participants’ levels of self-esteem and in turn, optimism for the future. By contrast, the degree to which participants focused on agentic themes in their memories predicted self-esteem and optimism, operating outside the experience of nostalgia. These effects remained even after controlling for self-focused attention. Together, these studies provide greater understanding of the interrelations among autobiographical memory, self-concept, and time, and demonstrate how agency and communion operate to influence perceptions of one’s future when thinking about the past.
Low Plasma Lycopene Concentration Is Associated With Increased Intima-Media Thickness of the Carotid Artery Wall

Abstract—Although a number of epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between &bgr;-carotene and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, there has been little research on the role of lycopene, an acyclic form of &bgr;-carotene, with regard to the risk of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the relationship between plasma concentrations of lycopene and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery wall (CCA-IMT) in 520 middle-aged men and women (aged 45 to 69 years) in eastern Finland. They were examined from 1994 to 1995 at the baseline of the Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention (ASAP) study, a randomized trial concerning the effect of vitamin E and C supplementation on atherosclerotic progression. The subjects were classified into 2 categories according to the median concentration of plasma lycopene (0.12 &mgr;mol/L in men and 0.15 &mgr;mol/L in women). Mean CCA-IMT of the right and left common carotid arteries was 1.18 mm in men and 0.95 mm in women with plasma lycopene levels lower than the median and 0.97 mm in men (P <0.001 for difference) and 0.89 mm in women (P =0.027 for difference) with higher levels of plasma lycopene. In ANCOVA adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and intake of nutrients, in men, low levels of plasma lycopene were associated with a 17.8% increment in CCA-IMT (P =0.003 for difference). In women, the difference did not remain significant after the adjustments. We conclude that low plasma lycopene concentrations are associated with early atherosclerosis, manifested as increased CCA-IMT, in middle-aged men living in eastern Finland.