Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN BEBAN KERJA FISIK DENGAN STRES KERJA PERAWAT DIRUANG INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT UMUM GMIM PANCARAN KASIH MANADO

Abstract : The Nurses’s workload is the entire activity/activities conducted by nurses during the service in a nursing unit. Work stress is a condition of retension which led to the existence of a physical and psychological condition of imbalance on the employs who come from individuals an organisations that affect the physical, psychologicaland behavior of employes. Research objectives of the physical workload relationship with work stress in patien hospital GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado. The design research use of analytical nature quantity with the approach of sectional. Sampling technique using total sampling namely 41 respondents. The result of the research is weighted work load with 23 respondents (56,1%) and medium work stress 29 respondents (70,7%) P value = 0,000. Conclusion his study there is a connection of physical workload of nurses working eith stress of nurses of nurses in patien hospitals GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado. Key Word : Physical workload, work stres selama bertugas disuatu unit pelayanan keperawatan. Stress kerja adalah kondisi ketegangan yang menyebabkan adanya ketidaakseimbangan kondisi fisik dan psikis pada karyawan yang bersumber dari individu maupun organisasi yang berpengaruh pada fisik,psikologis, perilaku karyawan. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui hubungan beban kerja fisik dengan stress kerja di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado. Desain penelitian yang digunakan kuantitas bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Teknik Pengambilan Sampel menggunakan total sampling dengan 41 responden. Teknik analisa data dilakukan dengan analisa univariat dan bivariate menggunakan chi square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan beban kerja berat 23 responden (56,1%) dan stress kerja sedang 29 responden (70,7%). Nilai P = 0,000. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ada hubungan beban kerja fisik dengan stress kerja perawat diruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado. Kata Kunci : Beban kerja, stress kerja
Active Learning from Video Streams in a Multi-camera Scenario

While video surveillance systems are spreading everywhere, extracting meaningful information from what they are recording is still prohibitively expensive. There is a major effort under way in order to make this process economical by including an intelligent software that eases the burden of the system. In this paper, we introduce an incremental learning framework to classify parallel data streams generated in a multi-camera surveillance scenario. The framework exploits active learning strategies in order to interact wisely with operators to address various problems that exist in such non-stationary environments, such as concept drift and concept evolution. If we look at the problem as mining parallel streams, the framework can address learning from uneven parallel streams applying a class-based ensemble, a problem that has not been addressed before. Favourable results indicate the success of the framework.
Grb2 and Shc Adapter Proteins Play Distinct Roles in Neu (ErbB-2)-Induced Mammary Tumorigenesis: Implications for Human Breast Cancer

ABSTRACT Amplification of the Neu (ErbB-2 or HER-2) receptor tyrosine kinase occurs in 20 to 30% of human mammary carcinomas, correlating with a poor clinical prognosis. We have previously demonstrated that four (Y1144 Y1201, Y1227 and Y1253) of the five known Neu autophosphorylation sites can independently mediate transforming signals. The transforming potential of two of these mutants correlates with their capacity to recruit Grb2 directly to Y1144 (YB) or indirectly through Shc to Y1227 (YD). Here, we demonstrate that these transformation-competent neu mutants activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases and stimulate Ets-2-dependent transcription. Although the transforming potential of three of these mutants (YB, YD, and YE) was susceptible to inhibition by Rap1A, a genetic antagonist of Ras, the transforming potential of YC was resistant to inhibition by Rap1A. To further address the significance of these ErbB-2-coupled signaling molecules in induction of mammary cancers, transgenic mice expressing mutant Neu receptors lacking the known autophosphorylation sites (NYPD) or those coupled directly to either Grb2 (YB) or Shc (YD) adapter molecules were derived. In contrast to the NYPD strains, which developed focal mammary tumors after a long latency period with low penetrance, all female mice derived from YB and YD strains rapidly developed mammary tumors. Although female mice from several independent YB or YD lines developed mammary tumors, the YB strains developed lung metastases at substantially higher rates than the YD strains. These observations argue that Grb2 and Shc play important and distinct roles in ErbB-2/Neu-induced mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Combined Treatment of Xenon and Hypothermia in Newborn Rats - Additive or Synergistic Effect?

Background Breathing the inert gas Xenon (Xe) enhances hypothermic (HT) neuroprotection after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in small and large newborn animal models. The underlying mechanism of the enhancement is not yet fully understood, but the combined effect of Xe and HT could either be synergistic (larger than the two effects added) or simply additive. A previously published study, using unilateral carotid ligation followed by hypoxia in seven day old (P7) rats, showed that the combination of mild HT (35°C) and low Xe concentration (20%), both not being neuroprotective alone, had a synergistic effect and was neuroprotective when both were started with a 4 h delay after a moderate HI insult. To examine whether another laboratory could confirm this finding, we repeated key aspects of the study. Design/Methods After the HI-insult 120 pups were exposed to different post-insult treatments: three temperatures (normothermia (NT) NT37°C, HT35°C, HT32°C) or Xe concentrations (0%, 20% or 50%) starting either immediately or with a 4 h delay. To assess the synergistic potency of Xe-HT, a second set (n = 101) of P7 pups were exposed to either HT35°C+Xe0%, NT+Xe20% or a combination of HT35°C+Xe20% starting with a 4 h delay after the insult. Brain damage was analyzed using relative hemispheric (ligated side/unligated side) brain tissue area loss after seven day survival. Results Immediate HT32°C (p = 0.042), but not HT35°C significantly reduced brain injury compared to NT37°C. As previously shown, adding immediate Xe50% to HT32°C increased protection. Neither 4 h-delayed Xe20%, nor Xe50% at 37°C significantly reduced brain injury (p>0.050). In addition, neither 4 h-delayed HT35°C alone, nor HT35°C+Xe20% reduced brain injury. We found no synergistic effect of the combined treatments in this experimental model. Conclusions Combining two treatments that individually were ineffective (delayed HT35°C and delayed Xe20%) did not exert neuroprotection when combined, and therefore did not show a synergistic treatment effect.
Biosynthesis and Functions of Melanin inSporothrix schenckii

ABSTRACT Sporothrix schenckii is a human pathogen that causes sporotrichosis, an important cutaneous mycosis with a worldwide distribution. It produces dark-brown conidia, which infect the host. We found that S. schenckii synthesizes melanin via the 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene pentaketide pathway. Melanin biosynthesis in the wild type was inhibited by tricyclazole, and colonies of the fungus were reddish brown instead of black on tricyclazole-amended medium. Two melanin-deficient mutant strains were analyzed in this study: an albino that produced normal-appearing melanin on scytalone-amended medium and a reddish brown mutant that accumulated and extruded melanin metabolites into its medium. Scytalone and flaviolin obtained from cultures of the reddish brown mutant were identified by thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and UV spectra. Transmission electron microscopy showed an electron-dense granular material believed to be melanin in wild-type conidial cell walls, and this was absent in conidial walls of the albino mutant unless the albino was grown on a scytalone-amended medium. Melanized cells of wild-type S. schenckii and the albino grown on scytalone-amended medium were less susceptible to killing by chemically generated oxygen- and nitrogen-derived radicals and by UV light than were conidia of the mutant strains. Melanized conidia of the wild type and the scytalone-treated albino were also more resistant to phagocytosis and killing by human monocytes and murine macrophages than were unmelanized conidia of the two mutants. These results demonstrate that melanin protects S. schenckii against certain oxidative antimicrobial compounds and against attack by macrophages.
Classification of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images with Support Vector Machines and Particle Swarm Optimization

Spectral band selection is a fundamental problem in hyperspectral classification. This paper addresses the problem of band selection for hyperspectral remote sensing image and SVM parameter optimization. First, we present a thorough experime- ntal study to show the superiority of the generalization capability of the support vector machine (SVM) approach in the hyperspec- tral classification of remote sensing image. Second, we propose an evolutionary classification system based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the generalization performance of the SVM classifier. For this purpose, we have optimized the SVM classifier design by searching for the best value of the parameters that tune its discriminant function, and upstream by looking for the best subset of features that feed the classifier. The experiments are conducted on the basis of AVIRIS 92AV3C dataset. The obtained results clearly confirm the superiority of the SVM approach as compared to traditional classifiers, and suggest that further substantial improvements in terms of classification accuracy can be achieved by the proposed PSO- SVM classification system. important for a specific task. Some of them may be redundant or even irrelevant. Better performance may be achieved by discarding some features. In other circumstances, the dimensionality of input space may be decreased to save some computation effort, although this may slightly lower classification accuracy. Therefore, the classification process must be fast and accurate, using the smallest number of features. This objective can be achieved using feature selection. Feature selection strategies are often implied to explore the effect of irrelevant attributes on the performance of classifier systems. This study attempts to increase the classification accuracy rate by employing an approach based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) in SVM. This novel approach is termed PSO-SVM. The developed PSO-SVM approach not only tunes the parameter values of SVM, but also identifies a subset of features for specific problems, maximizing the classification accuracy rate of SVM. This makes the optimal separating hyper-plane obtainable in both linear and non-linear classification problems. In particular, they are organized so as to test the sensitivity of the SVM classifier and that of three reference classifiers used for comparison, i.e., SVM-Linear classifier, the k-nearest neighbor (K-nn) classifier and the radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) classifier, with respect to the curse of dimensionality and the number of available training data
A Review of Concentric Annular Heat Pipes

Abstract A detailed description of a concentric annular heat pipe (CAHP) operation is presented in low to moderate temperature ranges (50–200°C). The steady-state response of a CAHP to various heat fluxes in the evaporator and condenser sections are discussed. Two-dimensional mathematical modeling of the fluid flow and heat transfer in the annular vapor space and the wicks are described. The fundamental aspects and limitations of the operation of a CAHP are also discussed. Previously used numerical and experimental approaches for the analysis of the CAHPs and some related concepts are reviewed. The Navier-Stokes and similar equations are recommended for the simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in the annular vapor space and the wicks. A number of important concepts, such as two-phase flow, heat transfer in the heat pipe wicks, the vapor–liquid interface conditions, design considerations, testing, and manufacture of a CAHP, are also briefly discussed. The results of this research have shown that the available numerical and experimental data in the literature are sufficiently accurate in many applications. However, new mathematical models and experimental works are needed for the better design and manufacture of various types of CAHPs.
Rural-to-Urban Migration in Developing Countries : The Applicability of the Harris Todaro Model with a Special Focus on the Chinese Economy

The thesis studies the applicability of the Harris Todaro model to rural-to-urban migration processes in developing countries. The focus lies not only with the basic model, but also with those extensions modelling international trade, an urban informal sector and agglomeration economics. The theory is then compared with the evidence from developing economies. It will be shown that the underlying assumptions of the model reflect the developments observed in many less developed countries. Focusing on the Chinese economy allows an in depth study of the applicability of the Harris Todaro model. Previous empirical research, as well as the results of an estimation carried out by the author are used to prove that the model can be applied to China. Finally, policy implications are covered. Despite of some of the shortcomings of the theory, it can be concluded that the Harris Todaro model is able to explain economic developments in the Chinese economy and that it can give guidelines to the government on the implementation of policy options.
Deletion of Murine SMN Exon 7 Directed to Skeletal Muscle Leads to Severe Muscular Dystrophy

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is characterized by degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord associated with muscle paralysis and caused by mutations of the survival motor neuron gene (SMN). To determine whether SMN gene defect in skeletal muscle might have a role in SMA pathogenesis, deletion of murine SMN exon 7, the most frequent mutation found in SMA, has been restricted to skeletal muscle by using the Cre-loxP system. Mutant mice display ongoing muscle necrosis with a dystrophic phenotype leading to muscle paralysis and death. The dystrophic phenotype is associated with elevated levels of creatine kinase activity, Evans blue dye uptake into muscle fibers, reduced amount of dystrophin and upregulation of utrophin expression suggesting a destabilization of the sarcolemma components. The mutant mice will be a valuable model for elucidating the underlying mechanism. Moreover, our results suggest a primary involvement of skeletal muscle in human SMA, which may contribute to motor defect in addition to muscle denervation caused by the motor neuron degeneration. These data may have important implications for the development of therapeutic strategies in SMA.
TIM-3 Rs10515746 (A/C) and Rs10053538 (C/A) Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by auto-reactive T cells against myelin antigens. T-cell immunoglobulin mucin -3 (TIM-3) is a negative regulator glycoprotein expressed by a range of immune cells, including, Th1 cells, activated CD8+ T cells and in a lower level on Th17 cells. A defect in TIM-3 regulation has been shown in multiple sclerosis patients. In humans, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the TIM-3 gene and are associated with inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between TIM-3 -574A>C and -1516 C>A SNPs in the promoter region, and susceptibility to MS. Methods: DNA samples from 102 patients and 102 healthy controls were genotyped using RFLP-PCR method. Results: In this case-control study, analysis of the alleles and genotypes revealed a significant higher frequency of C/C and lower frequency of A/C genotypes for -574 locus of TIM-3 gene in MS patients (P=0.0002). We also found that C/C genotype for locus of -1516 increased in MS patients, while A/C genotype decreased (P=0.012). Allele C of -574C/C and -1516 C>A SNPs were also more frequent in MS patients (P=0.036 and 0.0027 respectively). Conclusion: -574 A>C and -1516 C>A SNPs in the promoter region of TIM3 gene may affect the disease susceptibility.
On the Blind SNR Estimation for IF Signals

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a widely used significant parameter in communication systems. An eigenvector decomposition and subspace approach is employed for the blind SNR estimation for intermediate frequency (IF) signals in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The signal subspace dimension is determined by the eigenvector decomposition of the sample correlation matrix of the received signals and the minimum description length (MDL) criteria. Then the estimated SNR can be obtained by the computation of the power of the desired signal and the noise, respectively. The proposed algorithm requires no information on the modulation scheme and the parameters of the received signals. Computer simulations are performed for commonly used IF signals, such as MPSK, MFSK and MQAM. The results show that when the true SNR varies from -5dB to 20dB the estimation bias is within 0.6dB and the corresponding standard deviation (STD) is under 0.55
DIRECT NUMERICAL AND LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION OF PRIMARY ATOMIZATION IN COMPLEX GEOMETRIES

A detailed understanding of the driving mechanisms behind primary atomization is crucial to the optimization of sprays for efficient combustion in modern propulsion systems. Many challenges are associated with simulating realistic turbulent atomization, such as the multiplicity of length and time scales of the turbulent flow field and gas-liquid interface, discontinuous fluid properties and pressure at the phase interface, high density ratios that degrade numerical robustness, and complex shapes of spray injectors. These challenges have hindered progress in computational modeling of atomizing two-phase flows, and as a result a complete characterization of all physical processes involved in turbulent atomization has remained elusive. This paper presents a suite of computational tools that have been developed in an effort to simulate primary atomization from first principles. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are handled in the context of a high-order accurate, discretely conservative, finite difference solver shown to be ideally suited for direct numerical and large-eddy simulations of turbulence. A conservative level set method is used for interface capture, improved through the use of local re-initialization enabled by an efficient fast marching method. A high-density ratio correction algorithm is employed that leads to tighter coupling between mass and momentum transport. Finally, the use of immersed boundaries allows for modeling of complex geometries without requiring body-fitted meshes, eliminating time spent generating complex grids. The framework outlined herein is shown to have the ability to capture important instabilities for atomizing flows, such as RayleighPlateau and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. Simulations of air-assisted breakup of both planar and coaxial liquid layers are shown to agree well with theoretical and experimental results. This strategy is employed to simulate the breakup of a turbulent liquid jet under diesel conditions, the atomization of a liquid sheet issued from a pressure swirl atomizer, and finally a complete dual-orifice atomizer, leading to qualitative insights on the atomization process. Detailed parallel scaling results are also provided.
Multiple angle viewer for remote medical training

We present the design of an interface for a camera array that will enable mentoring and monitoring of dissections and surgical procedures for medical instructors and students. While considerable research has investigated the recording and broadcasting of surgical procedures and dissection sessions for medical instruction, little work has been reported on the integration of an interface able to display multiple viewpoints within a medical context. The interface presented here allows a designated individual, the instructor, to provide the best viewing point to observe and execute a procedure, and simultaneously, offers the remote viewer the freedom to change viewpoints.
End-to-end crosstalk within the hepatitis C virus genome mediates the conformational switch of the 3′X-tail region

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genome contains multiple structurally conserved domains that make long-distance RNA–RNA contacts important in the establishment of viral infection. Microarray antisense oligonucelotide assays, improved dimethyl sulfate probing methods and 2′ acylation chemistry (selective 2’-hydroxyl acylation and primer extension, SHAPE) showed the folding of the genomic RNA 3′ end to be regulated by the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element via direct RNA–RNA interactions. The essential cis-acting replicating element (CRE) and the 3′X-tail region adopted different 3D conformations in the presence and absence of the genomic RNA 5′ terminus. Further, the structural transition in the 3′X-tail from the replication-competent conformer (consisting of three stem-loops) to the dimerizable form (with two stem-loops), was found to depend on the presence of both the IRES and the CRE elements. Complex interplay between the IRES, the CRE and the 3′X-tail region would therefore appear to occur. The preservation of this RNA–RNA interacting network, and the maintenance of the proper balance between different contacts, may play a crucial role in the switch between different steps of the HCV cycle.
Corollary discharges and fatigue-related symptoms: the role of attentional focus

Why do we stop? This question has intrigued researchers and exercise professionals worldwide (Noakes, 2000; Marcora, 2010; Amann et al., 2013). The answer is apparently linked to peripheral and cortical changes (Gandevia, 2001). Interestingly, most researchers are uncertain about the real mechanisms that underlie fatigue and task disengagement during exercise (Shephard, 2009). Due to the fact that fatigue-related symptoms are connected to psychophysiological changes and exercise performance, this question is paramount to understand the exercising human body (Marcora, 2008). Compelling evidence suggests that both peripheral changes and cortical activity create the sense of effort (Noakes, 2011). In such instance, the magnitude imposed by both cortical and peripheral changes will be determined in accord with the exercise mode and intensity. The present piece of work aims to provide an update on the psychobiological model (Pageaux, 2014) based on the evidence that attentional focus manipulates exerciser’s consciousness with consequent effects on exertional responses and exercise performance (Lohse et al., 2010; Lohse and Sherwood, 2011). “The psychobiological model is an effort-based decision making model based on motivational intensity theory, and postulates that the conscious regulation of pace is determined primarily by five different cognitive/motivational factors: Perception of effort; potential motivation; knowledge of the distance/time to cover; knowledge of the distance/time remaining; previous experience/memory of perception of effort during exercise of varying intensity and duration” (Pageaux, 2014). An integrative model has been developed to underpin psychological responses that occur in response to the increasing exercise intensity.