Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In-Facility Delirium Prevention Programs as a Patient Safety Strategy

Delirium, an acute decline in attention and cognition, occurs among hospitalized patients at rates estimated to range from 14% to 56% and increases the risk for morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of in-facility multicomponent delirium prevention programs. A search of 6 databases (including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL) was conducted through September 2012. Randomized, controlled trials; controlled clinical trials; interrupted time series; and controlled before-after studies with a prospective postintervention portion were eligible for inclusion. The evidence from 19 studies that met the inclusion criteria suggests that most multicomponent interventions are effective in preventing onset of delirium in at-risk patients in a hospital setting. Evidence was insufficient to determine the benefit of such programs in other care settings. Future comparative effectiveness studies with standardized protocols are needed to identify which components in multicomponent interventions are most effective for delirium prevention.
Inhibition of MAPK‐Erk pathway in vivo attenuates aortic valve disease processes in Emilin1‐deficient mouse model

Aortic valve disease (AVD) is a common condition with a progressive natural history, and presently, there are no pharmacologic treatment strategies. Elastic fiber fragmentation (EFF) is a hallmark of AVD, and increasing evidence implicates developmental elastic fiber assembly defects. Emilin1 is a glycoprotein necessary for elastic fiber assembly that is present in both developing and mature human and mouse aortic valves. The Emilin1‐deficient mouse (Emilin1−/−) is a model of latent AVD, characterized by activated TGFβ/MEK/p‐Erk signaling and upregulated elastase activity. Emilin1−/− aortic valves demonstrate early EFF and aberrant angiogenesis followed by late neovascularization and fibrosis. The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of three different targeted therapies. Aged (12–14 months) Emilin1−/− mice were treated with refametinib (RDEA‐119, MEK1/2 inhibitor), doxycycline (elastase inhibitor), or G6‐31 (anti‐VEGF‐A mouse antibody) for 4 weeks. Refametinib‐ and doxycycline‐treated Emilin1−/− mice markedly reduced MEK/p‐Erk activation in valve tissue. Furthermore, both refametinib and doxycycline attenuated elastolytic cathepsin K, L, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 activation, and abrogated macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in Emilin1−/− aortic valves. RNAseq analysis was performed in aortic valve tissue from adult (4 months) and aged (14 months) Emilin1−/− and age‐matched wild‐type control mice, and demonstrated upregulation of genes associated with MAPK/MEK/p‐Erk signaling and elastases at the adult stage and inflammatory pathways at the aged stage controlling for age. These results suggest that Erk1/2 signaling is an important modulator of early elastase activation, and pharmacological inhibition using refametinib may be a promising treatment to halt AVD progression
Potential Agents against Plasma Leakage

Shock due to severe plasma leakage may happen in infectious diseases such as severe dengue and sepsis due to various bacterial infections, which may be deleterious and may lead to death. Various substances and proteins are known to modulate the effects of proleakage mediators and counteract the deleterious effect of plasma leakage. Some of the various substances and proteins such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), the Rho GTPases, protein kinase A, and caveolin-1 have dual actions; therefore they are not suitable for therapy. However, sphingosine 1phosphate and its receptor agonists, Angiopoetin-1, Slit, and Bbeta15–42 may be promising.
A neurophysiological deficit in early visual processing in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations.

Existing 67-channel event-related potentials, obtained during recognition and working memory paradigms with words or faces, were used to examine early visual processing in schizophrenia patients prone to auditory hallucinations (AH, n = 26) or not (NH, n = 49) and healthy controls (HC, n = 46). Current source density (CSD) transforms revealed distinct, strongly left- (words) or right-lateralized (faces; N170) inferior-temporal N1 sinks (150 ms) in each group. N1 was quantified by temporal PCA of peak-adjusted CSDs. For words and faces in both paradigms, N1 was substantially reduced in AH compared with NH and HC, who did not differ from each other. The difference in N1 between AH and NH was not due to overall symptom severity or performance accuracy, with both groups showing comparable memory deficits. Our findings extend prior reports of reduced auditory N1 in AH, suggesting a broader early perceptual integration deficit that is not limited to the auditory modality.
Mortality and Glycemic Targets in the Intensive Care Unit: Another Paradigm Shift?

Within the past year, providers caring for a patient with cardiovascular disease and diabetes have been made to realize that despite the associations of hyperglycemia and cardiovascular complications, the results from the prospective studies evaluating aggressive glycemic intervention did not follow the predicted script! Specifically, the randomized clinical trials that addressed the question of cardiovascular disease and glycemic control (i.e., Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes [ACCORD], Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation [ADVANCE], and Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial [VADT]) provided results that suggest we take a closer look at the “one size fits all” glycemic target for A1C that has been suggested in the past (1–3). Is it really surprising that we have a similar situation with hyperglycemia and critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting? For years, it has been recognized that hyperglycemia has been associated with mortality in critically ill patients as observed across many cohorts, and as such, there has been intense interest in evaluating the clinical effect of normalizing glycemia in these critically ill subjects (4–7). However, the recently reported observations from the Normoglycemia in Intensive Care Evaluation-Survival Using Glucose Algorithm Regulation (NICE-SUGAR) trial suggest that attempts to normalize glycemia are not the simple answer to the problem (7). The NICE-SUGAR study was a multicenter, international, and randomized trial that evaluated the effect of intensive versus conventional glucose control on outcomes in hyperglycemic, critically ill subjects. After subjects were identified in the ICU setting, they were randomized either to tight glycemic control, defined as a target blood glucose level of 80–108 mg/dl, or to conventional glycemic control, defined as a blood glucose level in the range of 144–180 mg/dl. Control for each group was achieved by intravenous infusion of …
Columbia University/VIREO-CityU/IRIT TRECVID2008 High-Level Feature Extraction and Interactive Video Search

A_CU-run6: local feature alone – average fusion of 3 SVM classification results for each concept using various feature representation choices. A_CU-run5: linear weighted fusion of A_CU-run6 with two grid-based global features (color moment and wavelet texture). A_CU-run4: linear weighted fusion of A_CU-run5 with a SVM classification result using detection scores of CU-VIREO374 as features. C_CU-run3: linear weighted fusion of A_CU-run4 with a SVM classification result using web images. A_CU-run2: re-rank the results of “two_people” and “singing” from A_CU-run4 with concept-specific detectors. C_CU-run1: linear weighted fusion of A_CU-run2 with a SVM classification result using web images.
Linguistic Markers of Stance and Genre in Upper-Level Student Writing

Stance is a growing focus of academic writing research and an important aspect of writing development in higher education. Research on student writing to date has explored stance across different levels, language backgrounds, and disciplines, but has rarely focused on stance features across genres. This article explores stance marker use between two important genre families in higher education—persuasive argumentative writing and analytic explanatory writing—based on corpus linguistic analysis of late undergraduate and early graduate-level writing in the Michigan Corpus of Upper-Level Student Papers (MICUSP). The specific stance markers in the study, both epistemic and textual cues, have been shown to distinguish student writing across levels; this study, then, extends the analysis to consider the comparative use of these markers across genres. The findings show two stance expectations persistent across genres as well as significant distinctions between argumentative and explanatory writing vis-à-vis stance markers that intensify and contrast. The findings thus point to important considerations for instruction, assignment design, and future research.
Space-time tradeoff for answering range queries (Extended Abstract)

In this paper, we raise and investigate the question of (storage) space- (retrieval) time tradeoff for a static database, in the general framework of Fredman's. As will be seen, such tradeoff results also lead to lower bounds on the complexity of processing a sequence of m INSERT and QUERY instructions. The latter results are incomparable to Fredman's, since the presence of DELETE instructions was crucial for his proof technique. We will present our results in detail in the next few sections. Here we will only mention three main conclusions. Firstly, circular query is shown to be intrinsically hard in the sense that, for some static database with n records, there is a space-time tradeoff TS -&-gt; n1 + -&-egr; where -&-egr;-&-gt;0; in contrast, orthogonal query can always be implemented with space S-&-equil;0(n(log n)k) and time T-&-equil;0((log n)k) for fixed k. Furthermore, any algorithm for processing 0(n) INSERT and QUERY instructions must use time -&-Ohgr;(n1+-&-egr;) in the worst case. Secondly, for the -&-ldquo;interval-&-rdquo; query, we have determined the space-time tradeoff quite precisely to be T @@@@ -&-agr;(S,n), where -&-agr; is the inverse to an Ackermann's function first defined by Tarjan [9]. This is a rare case where the function -&-agr; arises outside the context of path compression, and is obtained through a totally independent derivation. Thirdly, we prove that, for the interval query, any algorithm to process a sequence of 0(n) INSERT and QUERY must take time -&-Ohgr;((n log n)/(log log n)) in the worst case. This means that one cannot hope to maintain the most efficient static data structure (with retrieval time -&-agr;(S,n)) in the dynamic case.
Procedure for managing large-scale progeny test data : a case study of Scots pine in Finland

Large progeny test networks are typical for conventional forest tree breeding programmes. The individual progeny tests differ with respect to age, composition and ability to screen the breeding values of the parent trees. Several approaches have been introduced to manage the unbalanced and diverse nature of the data generated by progeny tests. This report presents a procedure for ranking breeding material on the basis of ”messy” data. Plot means were used as input values and missing plots were estimated from least squares. The differences between test means and variances were standardised by the performance level method. The different precision of the tests was quantifi ed through the reliability coeffi cient. In order to facilitate the selection of plus trees for different purposes, all the available test results were combined into a single variable that was used for ranking. Three different kinds of ranking variable were calculated and each of them proved to be more useful for the selection of plus trees than an arithmetic or weighted mean. One of them, WMEAN, relied on the reliability and number of the progeny tests, while the others, WCONF0.50 and WCONF0.10, relied on the standard error of the plus tree mean, thus emphasising the precision of the values obtained. The analyses were carried out with SAS® procedures, which require only moderate skills in statistics, programming and data processing technology. The procedure has functioned well throughout an eightyear development phase. Nearly three thousand Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) plus trees have been ranked for various characters, and the results have been used for roguing the seed orchards, to establish new ones, and to select plus trees for breeding populations.
How Does The Time Children Spend Using Digital Technology Impact Their Mental Well-Being, Social Relationships And Physical Activity? An Evidence-Focused Literature Review

Based on an evidence-focused literature review, the first part of this paper examines existing knowledge on how the time children spend using digital technology impacts their well-being across three dimensions; mental/psychological, social and physical. The evidence reviewed here is largely inconclusive with respect to impact on children’s physical activity, but indicates that digital technology seems to be beneficial for children’s social relationships. In terms of impact on children’s mental well-being, the most robust studies suggest that the relationship is U-shaped, where no use and excessive use can have a small negative impact on mental well-being, while moderate use can have a small positive impact. In the second part of the paper, the hypothetical idea of addiction to technology is introduced and scrutinized. This is followed by an overview of the hypothetical idea that digital technology might re-wire or hijack children’s brains; an assumption that is challenged by recent neuroscience evidence. In conclusion, considerable methodological limitations exist across the spectrum of research on the impact of digital technology on child well-being, including the majority of the studies on time use reviewed here, and those studies concerned with clinical or brain impacts. This prompts reconsideration of how research in this area is conducted. Finally, recommendations for strengthening research practices are offered.
Women Subjected to Domestic Violence: The Impossibility of Separation

In the United States and in France, the figures relating to domestic violence are so alarming that the issue has been the focus of multiple policies related to care and prevention, without seeing any real decline in the phenomenon. Beyond the necessity of denouncing violence linked to gender relations between men and women, these policies must therefore be improved. These findings and other aspects noted by professionals and American and French researchers concerning the extent of the silence of women victims, including the fact that some of these women go back to their violent partner, have led us to explore the role played by psychic factors in this issue. Our study applies to a social context in which women have the economic and legal possibility of being protected from the violent partner. It concerns 30 women whom we interviewed for research purposes, and reveals the extent to which potentially traumatic infantile relationships play a part in the choice of the partner and especially in maintaining the relationship with a man who turns out to be violent. We have identified new factors that make it difficult to separate from the partner, all of which are related to early distress. The bond with the partner thus appears to be a quasidesperate and always unconscious attempt or fantasy to repair one’s own history and to patch up this distress, as in Laurence’s case. These results indicate that enabling these women to unravel these issues is essential in helping them.
Trapping and migration of methane associated with the gas hydrate stability zone at the Blake Ridge Diapir : new insights from seismic data

The Blake Ridge Diapir is the southernmost of a line of salt diapirs along the Carolina trough. Diapirs cause faulting of the superjacent sediments, creating pathways for migration of fluids and gas to the seafloor. We analyzed reflection seismic data from the Blake Ridge Diapir, which is located in a region with known abundant gas hydrate occurrence. A striking feature in these data is a significant shallowing of the base of gas hydrate stability (BGHS) over the center of the diapir: The seafloor is warped up by about 100 m above the diapir, from about 2300 m to about 2200 m. The BGHS, as indicated by a bottom simulating reflection (BSR), is about 4.5 s off the flanks of the diapir, rising to about 4.15 s at the center. Above the diapir, a fault system appears to rise vertically from the BGHS to about 0.05 s below the seafloor (40–50 m); it then diverges into several steeply dipping faults that breach the seafloor and cover an area ,700 m in diameter. Other secondary faults diverge from the main fault or emerge directly from the BGHS near the crest of the diapir. Gas and other fluids may migrate upward through the faults. We performed complex trace analysis to compare the reflection strength and instantaneous frequency along individual reflections. A low-frequency anomaly over the center of the diapir indicates high seismic attenuation. This is interpreted to be caused by migration of fluids (probably methane) along fault pathways. The migration of gas (i.e. probably mainly methane) through the gas hydrate stability zone is not yet understood. We speculate that pore fluids in the faults may be too warm and too salty to form gas hydrate, even at depths where gas hydrate is stable away from the diapir. Alternatively, gas hydrates may seal the fault walls such that water supply is too low to transform all the gas into gas hydrates. The shallowing of the BSR may reflect increased heatflow above the diapir either caused by the high thermal conductivity of the underlying salt or by advective heat transport along with fluids. High pore water salinity shifts the gas hydrate stability to lower temperatures and may also play a significant role in BSR shallowing. We, therefore, investigated the possible effect of pore water salinity on shallowing of the BSR. We found that BSR shallowing may theoretically be entirely caused by increased salinity over the diapir, although geologically this would not be reasonable. This observation demonstrates the potential importance of pore water salinity for lateral variations of BSR depths, in particular, above salt structures. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Meta-Analysis of Lung Cancer Risk from Exposure to Diesel Exhaust: Study Limitations

Vermeulen et al. (2014) published a meta-analysis of the risk of lung cancer from exposure to diesel exhaust using data from three case–control studies—two of workers in the trucking industry (Garshick et al. 2012; Steenland et al. 1998) and one of workers in the mining industry (Silverman et al. 2012). Each of the studies quantified diesel exhaust exposure using cumulative exposure to elemental carbon. However, exposures in the trucking studies were lagged 5 years and those in the mining study were lagged 15 years. Vermeulen et al. (2014) applied these data in a linear regression that regressed the log odds ratio (logOR) versus cumulative lagged elemental carbon. They used the regression parameter from this analysis to predict lifetime excess risks for several lifetime occupational and environmental exposure scenarios, and also to predict the fraction of annual lung cancer deaths attributable to diesel exhaust. These excess risk calculations assumed a lag of 5 years. In their analysis, Vermeulen et al. (2014)inappropriately mixed data from exposures lagged 5 years and 15 years. The assumption of a 5-year lag used in the excess risk calculations is appropriate only if the exposures in all the underlying studies are also lagged 5 years. To obtain some idea of the quantitative effect of this error, I first reran the analysis of Vermeulen et al. (keeping the mixed lags), except that I did not model the dependence among the ORs from the same study. (I did not have access to data needed to model that dependence.) My analysis yielded a regression parameter [0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65, 1.11] similar to that obtained by Vermeulen et al. (0.98; 95% CI: 0.55, 1.41). Next, I conducted the same analysis using this model, except I used all 5-year lags, obtaining (0.38; 95% CI: –0.03, 0.96). This analysis consequently yielded a considerably smaller slope, which was not statistically significantly different from 0. The predictions from my analysis were clearly consistent with the underlying ORs all plotted using a 5-year lag, whereas the predictions from the Vermeulen et al. model clearly were not [e.g., the OR at the highest 5-year lagged exposure was 1.25 (95% CI: 0.55, 2.84)]; the model of Vermeulen et al. (2014) predicted an OR of 5.5, and my model predicted an OR of 2.17). Similar results were obtained using a 0-year lag (5-year and 0-year were the only lag data to which we had access). There are other limitations of the analysis by Vermeulen et al. (2014): Garshick et al. (2012) employed a second measure of diesel exposure (exposure duration), which Vermeulen et al. did not account for in the analysis; and Vermeulen et al. used very crude exposure summaries (e.g., midpoints of exposure intervals). Estimates of excess risks should be based on the same lag that is common to the underlying studies. Consequently, it would be inappropriate to base public policy regarding exposures to diesel exhaust upon the meta-analysis of Vermeulen et al. (2014).
Visitors’ use of information kiosk at Melaka town heritage sites / Mohd Hasrul Yushairi Johari ... [et al.]

The advancement in information and communication technology (ICT) has garnered much interest in various fields. Tourism arena is one of the many fields in which ICT has become a subject of interest. Although in the late 90’s and in the early 21st century virtual tourism was predicted to have a major impact, traditional visit to places of attraction still remains popular. Therefore, the visitor’s appreciation and knowledge on certain places of attraction may improve through an integration of virtual tourism into a conventional physical movement. This will later could help induce further interest to visit. This integration can take in many forms. One of the many significant approaches to this method is to deploy an ICT based information kiosk. Adapting the intrinsic value of information through the information kiosk however, requires more than just the technology. Social norms and user behaviour has to be adequately studied in order to better understand the visitors intention and likelihood to use such technology. Perhaps, the deployment of such technology is viewed as a catalyst to lure interest among visitors to heritage sites. Therefore, understanding the social behaviour among visitors would contribute useful information on the technical aspects of the kiosk such as design, concept and content. Several theories of social behaviour are studied and the most applicable theory is used to explain the intention and the actual use of the kiosk. Derived from the Theory of Reasoned Action which is later refined into Theory of Planned Behaviour, a model called Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) is adapted in this study. The use of UTAUT is considered appropriate in current study as it incorporates several parameters that help to explain the use of an ICT based information kiosk among visitors.