Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of nutritional therapy prescription in critically ill patients.

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate factors that may affect the evolution of the caloric prescription in critically ill patients. Local: Intensive care unit patients. PATIENTS 60 patients (33 M and 27 F); median age = 49 (1593) y were followed prospectively. They were divided in three groups according to the diagnostic: (a) trauma (n=20); (b) surgical (n=22), and 3) medical treatment (n=18). Forty-and-one (68.3%) patients received enteral nutrition (EN), 17 (28.3%) parenteral nutrition (TPN), and 2 (3.4%) TNP and EN. Nutritional status was graded B or C by global subjective evaluation. METHODS Endpoints of the study were the time to begin the nutritional support, success or failure of the caloric prescription, and the evolution of the planned caloric prescription. The caloric evolution was considered as success if the prescription for the patient attained: (a) 25% of the caloric requirements on the 1st day; (b) 50% until the 3rd day; (c) 75% until the 6th day; and (e) 100% until the 10th day of the beginning of the support. RESULTS In 54 (90%) patients, the nutritional support has begun until 48 h after admission and in 73.3% (44 patients), until the first 24 hours. EN was most prescribed for both trauma and medical patients while NPT was most used for surgical patients (p < 0.01). Success in caloric prescription was obtained in 73.3% (44) of the patients. There was no statistical difference for the success on the evolution of the prescription related to sex, age, diagnostic group, albumin level, type of support, mortality, use of fiber or glutamine. Success was attained earlier in patients without (median = 3.8 [95% CI, 5.7-16.7] days) than with (11.2 [95% CI, 5.7-16.7] days; p < 0.01) mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS Early nutritional support and success on the evolution of the caloric prescription can be accomplished in most critically ill patients. Evolution of the caloric prescription was slower in mechanical ventilated patients.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF ACCOUNTING AND MARKET MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE IN EXECUTIVE-COMPENSATION CONTRACTS

Prior research has provided useful insights into the structure of compensation plans and their incentive effects. ' However, one important limitation of these studies is the virtual absence of any cross-sectional analyses of the attributes of compensation contracts.2 This absence is related, in part, to the problems associated with controlling for "other factors" that affect compensation. That is, compensation contracts are
On the Coupling of Homotopy Perturbation and Laplace Transformation for System of Partial Differential Equations

The aim of this article is to propose a new algorithm, namely homotopy perturbation transform algorithm (HPTA). This new algorithm provides us with a convenient way to find exact solution with less computation as compared with standard homotopy perturbation algorithm (HPA). The proposed algorithm is used to handle linear and nonlinear partial differential equations. Explicatory examples are incorporated to reveal the high accuracy and fast convergence of proposed new algorithm.
The impact of consumer confusion from eco-labels on negative WOM, distrust, and dissatisfaction

For decades companies have added eco-labels to products to gain a competitive advantage and inform consumers about the environmental impact of products. Although benefits of eco-labels have been investigated previously, negative outcomes related to the proliferation of these labels have not been studied until this point. This study investigates the impact of eco-labels on a variety of forms of consumer confusion, specifically studying whether this confusion has a direct or indirect effect on negative word-of-mouth, distrust, and dissatisfaction, as mediated by negative emotion. The results from a quasi-experimental field study that employs a between-subject design from the food and detergent industries show that similarity, overload, and ambiguity confusion lead to negative emotion, negative word-of-mouth, distrust, and dissatisfaction. This study also shows that negative emotion mediates the effect of three confusion constructs on dependent variables, such as negative word-of-mouth, distrust, and dissatisfaction. This study presents theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future research avenues in the areas of consumer confusion and eco-labeling.
Effects of numerical information on intention to participate in cervical screening among women offered HPV vaccination: a randomised study

Abstract Objectives: To investigate the effects of different types of information about benefits and harms of cervical screening on intention to participate in screening among women in the first cohorts offered human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination. Design: Randomised survey study. Setting: Denmark. Subjects: A random sample of women from the birth cohorts 1993, 1994 and 1995 drawn from the general population. Interventions: A web-based questionnaire and information intervention. We randomised potential respondents to one of the following four different information modules about benefits and harms of cervical screening: no information; non-numerical information; and two numerical information modules. Moreover, we provided HPV-vaccinated women in one of the arms with numerical information about benefits and harms in two steps: firstly, information without consideration of HPV vaccination and subsequently information conditional on HPV vaccination. Main outcome measure: Self-reported intention to participate in cervical screening. Results: A significantly lower proportion intended to participate in screening in the two groups of women receiving numerical information compared to controls with absolute differences of 10.5 (95% CI: 3.3–17.6) and 7.7 (95% CI: 0.4–14.9) percentage points, respectively. Among HPV-vaccinated women, we found a significantly lower intention to participate in screening after numerical information specific to vaccinated women (OR of 0.38). Conclusions: Women are sensitive to numerical information about the benefits and harms of cervical screening. Specifically, our results suggest that HPV-vaccinated women are sensitive to information about the expected changes in benefits and harms of cervical screening after implementation of HPV vaccination. KEY POINTS Women were less likely to participate in cervical screening when they received numerical information about benefits and harms compared to non-numerical or no information. Specifically, numerical information about the potential impact of the reduced risk of cervical cancer among HPV-vaccinated women reduced the intention to participate among vaccinated women.
Expression and localization of GPR109A (PUMA-G/HM74A) mRNA and protein in mammalian retinal pigment epithelium

Purpose GPR109A has been identified as a G-protein-coupled receptor for niacin. β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) is a physiologic ligand for the receptor. β-HB, the predominate ketone body in circulation, is an important energy source for neurons, including retinal neurons, under various physiologic and pathologic conditions. The identification of GPR109A as the receptor for β-HB suggests additional, hitherto unknown, functions for this metabolite. The circulating levels of β-HB increase in diabetes. Since retinopathy is a serious complication associated with diabetes, we investigated GPR109A expression in retina and in different retinal cell types to determine if the receptor may have a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. Methods RT–PCR, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and immunofluorescent techniques were used to analyze GPR109A expression in mouse retina and in three transformed retinal cell lines: ARPE-19 (RPE), RGC-5 (ganglion), and rMC-1 (Müller). Activation of GPR109A by niacin and β-HB was demonstrated in ARPE-19 cells by cAMP assay. Results Studies conducted using mouse retinal tissues demonstrated that GPR109A is expressed in retina with its expression restricted to RPE, where it differentially polarizes to the basolateral membrane. These results were confirmed with cell lines, which demonstrated GPR109A expression in ARPE-19, but not in rMC-1 and RGC-5 cells. Primary cultures of mouse RPE also showed robust expression of GPR109A. cAMP assay demonstrated that GPR109A expressed in RPE is functional. Conclusions These data represent the first report on GPR109A expression in retina. The exclusive expression of GPR109A in RPE basolateral membrane, which has access to β-HB in blood, may have biologic importance in diabetic retinopathy.
STANFORD CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Working Paper No . 376 Do Better Schools Lead to More Growth ? Cognitive Skills , Economic Outcomes , and Causation

We provide evidence that the robust association between cognitive skills and economic growth reflects a causal effect of cognitive skills and supports the economic benefits of effective school policy. We develop a new common metric that allows tracking student achievement across countries, over time, and along the within-country distribution. Extensive sensitivity analyses of cross-country growth regressions generate remarkably stable results across specifications, time periods, and country samples. In addressing causality, we find, first, significant growth effects of cognitive skills when instrumented by institutional features of school systems. Second, homecountry cognitive-skill levels strongly affect the earnings of immigrants on the U.S. labor market in a difference-indifferences model that compares home-educated to U.S.-educated immigrants from the same country of origin. Third, countries that improved their cognitive skills over time experienced relative increases in their growth paths. From a policy perspective, the shares of basic literates and high performers have independent significant effects on growth that are complementary to each other, and the high-performer effect is larger in poorer countries.
Compensated Horner Scheme

Using error-free transformations, we improve the classic Horner Scheme (HS) to evaluate (univariate) polynomials in floating point arithmetic. We prove that this Compensated Horner Scheme (CHS) is as accurate as HS performed with twice the working precision. Theoretical analysis and experiments exhibit a reasonable running time overhead being also more interesting than double-double implementations. We introduce a dynamic and validated error bound of the CHS computed value. The talk presents these results together with a survey about error-free transformations and related hypothesis.
Resolution and contrast in Kelvin probe force microscopy

The combination of atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe technology is a powerful tool to obtain high-resolution maps of the surface potential distribution on conducting and nonconducting samples. However, resolution and contrast transfer of this method have not been fully understood, so far. To obtain a better quantitative understanding, we introduce a model which correlates the measured potential with the actual surface potential distribution, and we compare numerical simulations of the three-dimensional tip–specimen model with experimental data from test structures. The observed potential is a locally weighted average over all potentials present on the sample surface. The model allows us to calculate these weighting factors and, furthermore, leads to the conclusion that good resolution in potential maps is obtained by long and slender but slightly blunt tips on cantilevers of minimal width and surface area.
Dance and Music in “Gangnam Style”: How Dance Observation Affects Meter Perception

Dance and music often co-occur as evidenced when viewing choreographed dances or singers moving while performing. This study investigated how the viewing of dance motions shapes sound perception. Previous research has shown that dance reflects the temporal structure of its accompanying music, communicating musical meter (i.e. a hierarchical organization of beats) via coordinated movement patterns that indicate where strong and weak beats occur. Experiments here investigated the effects of dance cues on meter perception, hypothesizing that dance could embody the musical meter, thereby shaping participant reaction times (RTs) to sound targets occurring at different metrical positions.In experiment 1, participants viewed a video with dance choreography indicating 4/4 meter (dance condition) or a series of color changes repeated in sequences of four to indicate 4/4 meter (picture condition). A sound track accompanied these videos and participants reacted to timbre targets at different metrical positions. Participants had the slowest RT’s at the strongest beats in the dance condition only. In experiment 2, participants viewed the choreography of the horse-riding dance from Psy’s “Gangnam Style” in order to examine how a familiar dance might affect meter perception. Moreover, participants in this experiment were divided into a group with experience dancing this choreography and a group without experience. Results again showed slower RTs to stronger metrical positions and the group with experience demonstrated a more refined perception of metrical hierarchy. Results likely stem from the temporally selective division of attention between auditory and visual domains. This study has implications for understanding: 1) the impact of splitting attention among different sensory modalities, and 2) the impact of embodiment, on perception of musical meter. Viewing dance may interfere with sound processing, particularly at critical metrical positions, but embodied familiarity with dance choreography may facilitate meter awareness. Results shed light on the processing of multimedia environments.
Population dynamics of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus in remote communities

Objectives Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) was first reported in remote regions of Western Australia (WA) in 1992 and is now the predominant MRSA isolated in the State. To gain insights into the emergence of CA-MRSA, 2146 people living in 11 remote WA communities were screened for colonization with S. aureus. Methods Antibiogram analysis, contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, Panton–Valentine leucocidin determinant detection and accessory genetic regulator typing were performed to characterize the isolates. MRSA was further characterized by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing. Results The S. aureus population consisted of 13 clonal complexes and two Singleton lineages together with 56 sporadic isolates. Five lineages contained MRSA; however, these were not the predominant methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) lineages. There was greater diversity amongst the MSSA while the MRSA appeared to have emerged clonally following acquisition of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec. Three MRSA lineages were considered to have been endemic in the communities and have subsequently become predominant lineages of CA-MRSA in the wider WA community. People colonized with MSSA tended to harbour clones of a different genetic lineage at each anatomical site while people colonized with MRSA tended to harbour clones of the same lineage at each site. Overall, the isolates were resistant to few antimicrobials. Conclusions Although the evidence suggests that in WA CA-MRSA strains arose in remote communities and have now disseminated into the wider community, there is no evidence that they arose from the predominant MSSA clones in these communities.
Application of mismatched Cellular Nonlinear Networks for Physical Cryptography

This paper proposes the use of Cellular Non-Linear Networks (CNNs) as physical uncloneable functions (PUFs). We argue that analog circuits offer higher security than existing digital PUFs and that the CNN paradigm allows us to build large, unclonable, and scalable analog PUFs, which still show a stable and repeatable input-output behavior. CNNs are dynamical arrays of locally-interconnected cells, with a cell dynamics that depends upon the interconnection strengths to their neighbors. They can be designed to evolve in time according to partial differential equations. If this If this equation describes a physical phenomenon, then the CNN can simulate a complex physical system on-chip. This can be exploited to create electrical PUFs with high relevant structural information content. To illustrate our paradigm at work, we design a circuit that directly emulates nonlinear wave propagation phenomena in a random media. It effectively translates the complexity of optical PUFs into electrical circuits.
Artifacts in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Summary Artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging and foreign bodies within the patient’s body may be confused with a pathology or may reduce the quality of examinations. Radiologists are frequently not informed about the medical history of patients and face postoperative/other images they are not familiar with. A gallery of such images was presented in this manuscript. A truncation artifact in the spinal cord could be misinterpreted as a syrinx. Motion artifacts caused by breathing, cardiac movement, CSF pulsation/blood flow create a ghost artifact which can be reduced by patient immobilization, or cardiac/respiratory gating. Aliasing artifacts can be eliminated by increasing the field of view. An artificially hyperintense signal on FLAIR images can result from magnetic susceptibility artifacts, CSF/vascular pulsation, motion, but can also be found in patients undergoing MRI examinations while receiving supplemental oxygen. Metallic and other foreign bodies which may be found on and in patients’ bodies are the main group of artifacts and these are the focus of this study: e.g. make-up, tattoos, hairbands, clothes, endovascular embolization, prostheses, surgical clips, intraorbital and other medical implants, etc. Knowledge of different types of artifacts and their origin, and of possible foreign bodies is necessary to eliminate them or to reduce their negative influence on MR images by adjusting acquisition parameters. It is also necessary to take them into consideration when interpreting the images. Some proposals of reducing artifacts have been mentioned. Describing in detail the procedures to avoid or limit the artifacts would go beyond the scope of this paper but technical ways to reduce them can be found in the cited literature.
Evaluation of Quantitative EEG by Classification and Regression Trees to Characterize Responders to Antidepressant and Placebo Treatment

The study objective was to evaluate the usefulness of Classification and Regression Trees (CART), to classify clinical responders to antidepressant and placebo treatment, utilizing symptom severity and quantitative EEG (QEEG) data. Patients included 51 adults with unipolar depression who completed treatment trials using either fluoxetine, venlafaxine or placebo. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and single electrodes data were recorded at baseline, 2, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. Patients were classified as medication and placebo responders or non-responders. CART analysis of HAM-D scores showed that patients with HAM-D scores lower than 13 by day 7 were more likely to be treatment responders to fluoxetine or venlafaxine compared to non-responders (p=0.001). Youden’s index γ revealed that CART models using QEEG measures were more accurate than HAM-D-based models. For patients given fluoxetine, patients with a decrease at day 2 in θ cordance at AF2 were classified by CART as treatment responders (p=0.02). For those receiving venlafaxine, CART identified a decrease in δ absolute power at day 7 at the PO2 region as characterizing treatment responders (p=0.01). Using all patients receiving medication, CART identified a decrease in δ absolute power at day 2 in the FP1 region as characteristic of nonresponse to medication (p=0.003). Optimal trees from the QEEG CART analysis primarily utilized cordance values, but also incorporated some δ absolute power values. The results of our study suggest that CART may be a useful method for identifying potential outcome predictors in the treatment of major depression.
Mining Motion Atoms and Phrases for Complex Action Recognition

This paper proposes motion atom and phrase as a mid-level temporal ``part'' for representing and classifying complex action. Motion atom is defined as an atomic part of action, and captures the motion information of action video in a short temporal scale. Motion phrase is a temporal composite of multiple motion atoms with an AND/OR structure, which further enhances the discriminative ability of motion atoms by incorporating temporal constraints in a longer scale. Specifically, given a set of weakly labeled action videos, we firstly design a discriminative clustering method to automatically discover a set of representative motion atoms. Then, based on these motion atoms, we mine effective motion phrases with high discriminative and representative power. We introduce a bottom-up phrase construction algorithm and a greedy selection method for this mining task. We examine the classification performance of the motion atom and phrase based representation on two complex action datasets: Olympic Sports and UCF50. Experimental results show that our method achieves superior performance over recent published methods on both datasets.
The making of anti-muslim protest: grassroots activism in the English defence league

event management space to protest against its hegemony. Some chapters evoke theories of protest as event that do not quite match the idea of event as always marketized, for example, Kumkar in Chapter 11 refers to Bourdieu’s concept of critical event. Many of the chapters, while written beautifully and providing insights into social movements and research methodologies, are less clearly linked to the theoretical underpinnings outlined by the editors. The editors recognise the disparity, and ask us to imagine the links between their theoretical questions and the individual chapters as they stand. To this end the chapters are organised into three sections, each of which is introduced by a theoretical discussion concerning how the chapters could be thought about in terms of the aims of the book. As a result, the theoretical contribution of this collection relies heavily on the editors’ framework. From the point of view of social movement studies the book offers fresh, interesting research, a wealth of empirical evidence on protest movements and civil activism as well as insightful reflections on innovative research methodologies. Each chapter contributes theoretically to various discussions on agency, identity and social movement structures. Each chapter is well written and researched, and as a collection the book offers a great selection of new research into social movements and protests. For social movement scholars, the idea of critical event management theory is appealing and familiar – indeed the editor’s suggestions that event management studies do not engage with critical theory seems extraordinary – and for those readers this book doesn’t necessarily offer a new, radical way of thinking. For the idea of protest as event to take off and live up to its suggested potential to transform the way leisure studies and event management are taught in our universities, the book needs to capture the attention and hold up to the critique of leisure studies and event management studies experts.