Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of T Cell Subsets and Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori Gastritis in Mice1

Gastritis due to Helicobacter pylori in mice and humans is considered a Th1-mediated disease, but the specific cell subsets and cytokines involved are still not well understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the immunopathogenesis of H. pylori-induced gastritis and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. C57BL/6-Prkdcscid mice were infected with H. pylori and reconstituted with CD4+, CD4-depleted, CD4+CD45RBhigh, or CD4+CD45RBlow splenocytes from wild-type C57BL/6 mice or with splenocytes from C57BL/6IFN-γ−/− or C57BL/6IL-10−/− mice. Four or eight weeks after transfer, DTH to H. pylori Ags was determined by footpad injection; gastritis and bacterial colonization were quantified; and IFN-γ secretion by splenocytes in response to H. pylori Ag was determined. Gastritis and DTH were present in recipients of unfractionated splenocytes, CD4+ splenocytes, and CD4+CD45RBhigh splenocytes, but absent in the other groups. IFN-γ secretion in response to H. pylori Ags was correlated with gastritis, although splenocytes from all groups of mice secreted some IFN-γ. Gastritis was most severe in recipients of splenocytes from IL-10-deficient mice, and least severe in those given IFN-γ-deficient splenocytes. Bacterial colonization in all groups was inversely correlated with gastritis. These data indicate that 1) CD4+ T cells are both necessary and sufficient for gastritis and DTH due to H. pylori in mice; 2) high expression of CD45RB is a marker for gastritis-inducing CD4+ cells; and 3) IFN-γ contributes to gastritis and IL-10 suppresses it, but IFN-γ secretion alone is not sufficient to induce gastritis. The results support the assertion that H. pylori is mediated by a Th1-biased cellular immune response.
Persistent calcium elevation correlates with the induction of surface immunoglobulin-mediated B cell DNA synthesis

Surface immunoglobulin (sIg)-mediated stimulation of B lymphocytes induces a tyrosine kinase-dependent sequence of events leading to rapid and large elevations in intracellular ionized calcium ([Ca2+]i). These early biochemical events do not necessarily lead to proliferation of B cells, however, and conversely, the absence of or inhibition of these events does not necessarily prevent cellular proliferation. We now show by digital image analysis of single B cells that conditions which lead to B cell proliferation are associated with low-level but persistent sustained or cyclic elevations in [Ca2+]i. In marked contrast, early and nonsustained elevations in [Ca2+]i are induced in B cells by stimuli that lead to G1 transition but fail to progress to DNA synthesis. Thus, when B cells were stimulated with mitogenic and nonmitogenic anti-IgD antibodies, both of which induce entry of cells into G1 and early calcium transients of comparable magnitude, persistent low-level calcium elevations were only detected in cells stimulated with the mitogenic antibody. Furthermore, persistent calcium elevations were also seen when B cells were stimulated with a multivalent dextran-anti-Ig conjugate which induced very high levels of B cell proliferation in the absence of detectable phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis or elevations in [Ca2+]i as detected by flow cytometry. Finally, B cells from X-linked B cell-defective mice, which do not proliferate in response to anti-Ig antibody, show marked and early increases in [Ca2+]i, but do not show persistent calcium elevations. These data suggest that the rapid and large increases of [Ca2+]i seen in lymphocytes within seconds after antigen receptor ligation may be associated with entry in G1, whereas low-level but persistent elevations may be the hallmark of a cell destined to synthesize DNA.
Activated protein C upregulates ovarian cancer cell migration and promotes unclottability of the cancer cell microenvironment

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of activated protein C (aPC), known to be a physiological anticoagulant, in ovarian cancer cell activation as well as in loss of clotting of cancer ascitic fluid. The effect of aPC on an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3) was tested in regards to i) cell migration and adhesion with the use of adhesion and wound healing assays as well as a droplet test; ii) protein phosphorylation, evaluated by cyto-ELISA; iii) cell cycle modification assessed by flow cytometric DNA quantification; and iv) anticoagulant activity evaluated by the prolongation of partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of normal plasma in the presence or absence of aPC-treated ovarian cancer cells. In addition, the soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) was quantified by ELISA in ascitic fluid of patients with ovarian cancer. Our results showed that in the OVCAR-3 aPC-induced cells i) an increase in cell migration was noted, which was inhibited when anti-endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) was added to the culture medium and which may act via MEK-ERK and Rho-GTPase pathways; ii) an increase in threonine, and to a lesser extent tyrosine phosphorylation; iii) cell cycle activation (G1 to S/G2); and iv) a 2-3-fold prolongation of aPTT of normal plasma. In the peritoneal fluid, the sEPCR concentration was 71±23 ng/ml. In conclusion, free aPC binds to membrane EPCR in ovarian cancer cells and induces cell migration via MEK-ERK and Rho-GTPase pathways. This binding could also explain the loss of clotting of peritoneal fluids.
Analysing Long-Run and Short-Run Relationships between Macroeconomic Variables and Murabaha to the Purchase-Order: Evidence from Jordanian Islamic Bank

This paper presents an empirical examination on the equilibrium relationships between macroeconomic variables (gross domestic product (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), and money supply (M2)) and Murabaha to the Purchase-Order (MPO), by using annual time series data for the 1978–2012 period. The Ng- Perron (2001) was applied to test the integration levels, while the bounds F-statistic test was used to examine the co-integration relationship among the variables. The autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) approach was employed to examine long-run and short-run relationships between the variables. The results indicate that all variables are stationary at first difference and all variables are co-integrated. Further, the results of the ARDL indicate that there is a positive relationship between macroeconomic variables and MPO in long-run and short-run.
Role of Endoglin Insertion and rs1800956 Polymorphisms in Intracranial Aneurysm Susceptibility

AbstractEndoglin is an essential molecule during angiogenesis, vascular development, and integrity. Till now, many studies have investigated the association between endoglin polymorphisms and intracranial aneurysm (IA) risk, with the results remained inconclusive. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to summarize the possible association.We searched PubMed and Embase until June 2015 to identify studies addressing the association between endoglin polymorphisms and IA risk. The summary odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the strength of the association.Eleven studies with a total of 1501 cases and 2012 controls were finally included in this meta-analysis, with 10 studies investigating endoglin 6-bp insertion (6bINS) polymorphism and 4 studies investigating 1800956 polymorphism. No significant association between endoglin 6bINS polymorphism and IA risk was detected in overall estimation (I/I vs wt/I + wt/wt: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.87–1.69) or in the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, control source, or ruptured status. However, we observed an association with borderline significance of 6bINS with IA occurrence (I/I vs wt/I + wt/wt: OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 0.99–2.25, P = 0.058) in studies applying matched controls. Furthermore, we detected a significant association for 6bINS polymorphism of endoglin with increased risk of familial IA (I vs wt, OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.10–2.42) but not sporadic IA (I vs wt, OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.68–1.45). With regard to rs1800956, our pooled results indicated a significantly decreased IA risk in individuals carrying C allele (C/C vs G/C + G/G: OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.45–0.94). This meta-analysis provided no evidence for the association between 6bINS polymorphism with overall IA risk. However, we detected a significant association of 6bINS allele with increased risk of familial IA. Also, we found that rs1800956 was significantly related to IA occurrence. Further, well-designed studies with large sample size are warranted and updated meta-analysis is needed to verify our findings.
Shift Work and Inter‐Individual Differences in Sleep and Sleepiness

Inter‐individual differences in tolerance for shift work have been studied primarily in terms of external factors affecting alertness on the job or the ability to rest and sleep while at home. However, there is increasing evidence that neurobiological factors play a role as well, particularly the major processes involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. These include a sleep homeostatic process seeking to balance wakefulness and sleep and a circadian process seeking to promote wakefulness during the day and sleep during the night. Shift work is associated with a temporal misalignment of these two endogenous processes. During nightwork, this misalignment makes it difficult to stay awake during the nightshift and sleep during the day. However, inter‐individual variability in the processes involved in sleep/wake regulation is substantial. Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of inter‐individual differences in vulnerability to cognitive deficits from sleep loss. Moreover, these inter‐indi.
A General Design Method of Primary Compensation Network for Dynamic WPT System Maintaining Stable Transmission Power

Dynamic wireless power transmission (DWPT) is considered as a solution to the problems encountered in the development of electrical vehicle (EV), such as range anxiety resulted from battery bottleneck and the difficulty of convenient charging. However, the requirement of DWPT, maintaining almost constant transmission power with constant voltage load in effective movement process, is quite different from Stationary WPT. The power fluctuation is easily brought by the coupling coils over large misalignment in movement. A general design method of primary compensation network from the perspective of DWPT is presented in this paper. Under the premise of ensuring high transmission efficiency and soft switching, a novel T-type compensation network for DWPT is proposed, which maintains a stable output characteristic over a wide misalignment, companied with an inherent current limiting ability under no-load operation. A WPT prototype with a fixed frequency operation based on the T-type compensation network is built. The output power is kept almost stable even though magnetic coupling coefficient varies twice showing the effectiveness of the design method.
Attachment Patterns at Age Six in South Germany: Predictability from Infancy and Implications for Preschool Behavior.

A cross-cultural replication of concordance between attachment patterns to mother in infancy and patterns of reunion responses to mother at age 6 was tested for 40 children in Regensburg, South Germany. Concordance between the 4 types of attachment status (A, B, C, D) in infancy and at age 6 was 82%. When observed in preschool at age 5, children classified securely attached (B) at age 6 were more competent in their play quality and conflict resolution, showed fewer behavior problems, and attributed less hostility in a social perception picture test compared to the insecurely attached (A, D) children. Children classified disorganized (D) at age 6 were found almost as often in the incompetent preschool behavior groups as the avoidantly attached (A) children, independent of best-fitting alternative attachment pattern. Thus, disorganization at age 6 may be considered as an insecure attachment.
School violence, school differences and school discourses

This article highlights one strand of a study which investigated the concept of the violence-resilient school. In six inner-city secondary schools, data on violent incidents in school and violent crime in the neighbourhood were gathered, and compared with school practices to minimise violence, accessed through interviews. Some degree of association between the patterns of behaviour and school practices was found: schools with a wider range of well-connected practices seemed to have less difficult behaviour. Interviews also showed that the different schools had different organisational discourses for construing school violence, its possible causes and the possible solutions. Differences in practices are best understood in connection with differences in these discourses. Some of the features of school discourses are outlined, including their range, their core metaphor and their silences. The authors suggest that organisational discourse is an important concept in explaining school effects and school differences, and that improvement attempts could have clearer regard to this concept.
Gender Inference of Twitter Users in Non-English Contexts

While much work has considered the problem of latent attribute inference for users of social media such as Twitter, little has been done on non-English-based content and users. Here, we conduct the first assessment of latent attribute inference in languages beyond English, focusing on gender inference. We find that the gender inference problem in quite diverse languages can be addressed using existing machinery. Further, accuracy gains can be made by taking language-specific features into account. We identify languages with complex orthography, such as Japanese, as difficult for existing methods, suggesting a valuable direction for future research.
Stability of deferred imitation in 12- to 18-month-old infants: A closer look into developmental dynamics

Deferred imitation is used to assess declarative memory in infants. Although a lot of studies show that infants from 6 months onwards are able to re-enact actions following a delay, only a few studies describe early declarative memory longitudinally. From a variable-centred approach, these studies found a modest relationship between measurement occasions that increases with age. However, no studies have analysed the differential aspect of memory development from a person-centred perspective. The present study analyses memory stabilities both from a variable-centred and person-centred approach within a sample of N = 87 infants of a 2-wave longitudinal design (12- and 18-month-olds). From a variable-centred perspective, the results indicate that, first, there was a significant increase in infants' memory performance and, second, that although reliable, the stability of infants' memory performance was relatively low. From a person-centred perspective two vs. three groups of infants were differentiated showing different developmental growth trajectories and stability correlations but no differences in language, cognitive and motor development. The implications of those results in terms of further test development are discussed. Furthermore, important methodological expansions for the analysis of infants' memory data are presented and discussed.
How do ants stick out their tongues?

The mouthparts are very important tools for almost any task performed by ants. In particular, the labiomaxillary complex is essential for food intake. In the present study we investigated the anatomical design of the labiomaxillary complex in various ant species, focusing on movement mechanisms. Six labial and six maxillary muscles with different functions control the several joints and ensure the proper performance of the labiomaxillary complex. According to our measurements of sarcomere lengths, muscle fiber lengths and diameters, and the relative muscle volumes, the labial and maxillary muscles feature rather slow than fast muscle characteristics and do not seem to be specialized for specific tasks. Since glossa protractor muscles are absent, the protraction of the glossa, the distal end of the labium, is a nonmuscular movement. By histological measurements of hemolymph volumes we could exclude a pressure‐driven mechanism. Additional experiments showed that, upon relaxation of the glossa retractor muscles, the glossa protracts elastically. This elastic mechanism possibly sets an upper limit to licking frequency, thus influencing food intake rates and ultimately foraging behavior. In contrast to many other elastic mechanisms among arthropods, glossa protraction in ants is based on a mechanism where elasticity works as an actual antagonist to muscles. We compared the design of the labiomaxillary complex of ants with that of the honeybee and suggest an elastic mechanism for glossa protraction in honeybees as well. J. Morphol. 254:39–52, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identical twins, different voices

The differences between voices are often broadly categorized as either 'organic' or 'learned', implying that some are determined by our anatomical inheritance, and others by what we copy from people around us or choose in order to mark our individuality. It is normally impossible, however, to assign observable differences to one source or the other, since neither source is experimentally controllable. In the case of identical twins, nature provides such a control. It can reasonably be assumed that the anatomical differences within a pair of identical twins are minimal. Differences between their voices, if any, may be attributed to 'learning' and, furthermore, if the twins have grown up in the same environment, to choices rather than to direct imitation. This paper presents a study of the /l/ and /r/ phonemes of three pairs of identical twins.
Network Dyads in Entrepreneurial Settings: A Study of the Governance of Exchange Relationships

Investigates network dyads and the manner in which control is exercised in these structures. Four entrepreneurial, high growth firms, each from a different industry, were selected to participate in this ethnographic analysis. The represented industries are telephone equipment, clothing, computer hardware, and environmental support systems. Seven network dyads were identified for the four firms considered. The partnerships were typically other members of the value chain - e.g., suppliers, distributors and final customers. The analysis identified three phases for the network dyad development: preconditions for exchange, conditions to build, and integration and control. The first phase, preconditions, utilized prior relations in addition to personal and firm reputations to reduce uncertainty and establish expectations and obligation. The second phase, the building process, has significant reliance on the trust and the development of reciprocity norms. The third phase is marked by three forms of integration: operational, strategic, and social control. Examination of the four firms and their seven dyadic relationships support the model. These firms were found to be engaged in stable, sustained relationships with a high degree of cooperation and collaboration. The mode of exchange found in these dyadic relationships is characterized as a network form of governance, which appears to be beneficial to high growth firms. Further research using this model could be done for R&D partnerships, cooperative marketing agreements, and other forms of strategic alliances and joint ventures. (SRD)
Attachment and affective resolution following a stressful event: General and religious coping as possible mediators

The current study replicated and extended previous research on mediators of attachment qualities and outcome (affective resolution), including appraisal, coping, and religious coping. Structural equation models were used to analyze the responses on an Internet survey for a primarily Christian sample of 1,289 adults (416 men and 873 women). As expected, appraisal was a significant mediator of ambivalent attachment qualities and coping, as well as ambivalent attachment qualities and religious coping. Avoidance coping significantly mediated ambivalent attachment qualities and affective resolution; it also mediated avoidant attachment qualities and affective resolution. Fit indices for models were adequate only when differences between interpersonal and non-interpersonal events were taken into account. Substantial similarities were found in the relationships among variables for the two models examined, one including coping in general and the other including religious coping. Religious coping provided additional explanatory value to more secular models of coping in a highly religious sample. The implications for assimilating religious coping into mainstream coping research are discussed.
Restructuring revisited: I. Summary and critique of the Gestalt theory of problem solving.

Les ecrits des psychologues gestaltistes sur le processus de restructuration sont rassembles et resumes en un ensemble de concepts soumis a un examen critique, l'accent etant mis sur la necessite d'une integration de ce processus dans la theorie du traitement de l'information
A new risk management for prisoners in France: The emergence of a death-avoidance approach

A new punitive approach in the French prison sector has emerged as a result of the European Court of Human Rights and the French administrative courts exerting pressure on prison governors in response to the complaints made by prisoners’ families, the demands of human rights groups and the requirements of human rights protection bodies. By publicizing cases of suicide and using strategic litigation based on the right to life, human rights groups and barristers have put the prison administration under pressure. The resultant risk management policy and death-avoidance approach are not linked to the decline of the welfare state, as claimed by new penology scholars, but rather to a shared risk management thinking between the prison administration and human rights groups.
The Mental Healthiness and Aging Initiative: Lessons from a Social Marketing-Informed Research Campaign in Kentucky

The Mental Healthiness and Aging Initiative (MHAI) was a multifaceted social marketing-informed communication campaign designed to promote community awareness of mental health and aging. We hypothesized that MHAI would extend communication channels, providing a network for rapidly diffusing innovative mental health messages in Kentucky. Key messages discovered during formative research were incorporated into a communication campaign, which included a train-the-trainer curriculum, “Real Life Stories,” social advertising on radio and television, and a 12-month full-color calendar. We evaluated the impact of the train-the-trainer curriculum on the level of mental health and aging knowledge of Family and Consumer Science Agents in the Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service, who later diffused the campaign in local communities. Posttest scores showed a significant improvement (p = .005) in objective knowledge about mental health and aging. Two months after diffusion of MHAI, a random telephone survey of 744 Kentucky residents found that respondents from the full-intervention counties more frequently reported feeling able to assist older adults with a potential mental illness (p = .047) compared to residents in either partial intervention counties (social advertising only) or control counties (no contact). Lessons learned through the MHAI project can be applied by community mental health advocates to improve mental health outcomes.