Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Text-to-Clip Video Retrieval with Early Fusion and Re-Captioning

We propose a novel method capable of retrieving clips from untrimmed videos based on natural language queries. This cross-modal retrieval task plays a key role in visual-semantic understanding, and requires localizing clips in time and computing their similarity to the query sentence. Current methods generate sentence and video embeddings and then compare them using a late fusion approach, but this ignores the word order in queries and prevents more fine-grained comparisons. Motivated by the need for fine-grained multi-modal feature fusion, we propose a novel early fusion embedding approach that combines video and language information at the word level. Furthermore, we use the inverse task of dense video captioning as a side-task to improve the learned embedding. Our full model combines these components with an efficient proposal pipeline that performs accurate localization of potential video clips. We present a comprehensive experimental validation on two large-scale text-to-clip datasets (Charades-STA and DiDeMo) and attain state-of-the-art retrieval results with our model.
A qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework to investigate why patients were or were not assessed for rehabilitation after stroke

Objective: To explore the factors perceived to affect rehabilitation assessment and referral practices for patients with stroke. Design: Qualitative study using data from focus groups analysed thematically and then mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework. Setting: Eight acute stroke units in two states of Australia. Subjects: Health professionals working in acute stroke units. Interventions: Health professionals at all sites had participated in interventions to improve rehabilitation assessment and referral practices, which included provision of copies of an evidence-based decision-making rehabilitation Assessment Tool and pathway. Results: Eight focus groups were conducted (32 total participants). Reported rehabilitation assessment and referral practices varied markedly between units. Continence and mood were not routinely assessed (4 units), and people with stroke symptoms were not consistently referred to rehabilitation (4 units). Key factors influencing practice were identified and included whether health professionals perceived that use of the Assessment Tool would improve rehabilitation assessment practices (theoretical domain ‘social and professional role’); beliefs about outcomes from changing practice such as increased equity for patients or conversely that changing rehabilitation referral patterns would not affect access to rehabilitation (‘belief about consequences’); the influence of the unit’s relationships with other groups including rehabilitation teams (‘social influences’ domain) and understanding within the acute stroke unit team of the purpose of changing assessment practices (‘knowledge’ domain). Conclusion: This study has identified that health professionals’ perceived roles, beliefs about consequences from changing practice and relationships with rehabilitation service providers were perceived to influence rehabilitation assessment and referral practices on Australian acute stroke units.
Non-invasive Imaging of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Tumor Neovascularization Using a Novel Dual-modality Paramagnetic/Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe

Objective Bone-marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in tumor neovasculature. Due to their tumor homing property, EPCs are regarded as promising targeted vectors for delivering therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. Consequently, non-invasive confirmation of targeted delivery via imaging is urgently needed. This study shows the development and application of a novel dual-modality probe for in vivo non-invasively tracking of the migration, homing and differentiation of EPCs. Methods The paramagnetic/near-infrared fluorescence probe Conjugate 1 labeled EPCs were systemically transplanted into mice bearing human breast MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence optical imaging were performed at different stages of tumor development. The homing of EPCs and the tumor neovascularization were further evaluated by immunofluorescence. Results Conjugate 1 labeled EPCs can be monitored in vivo by MRI and NIR fluorescence optical imaging without altering tumor growth for up to three weeks after the systemic transplantation. Histopathological examination confirmed that EPCs were recruited into the tumor bed and then incorporated into new vessels two weeks after the transplantation. Tumor size and microvessel density was not influenced by EPCs transplantation in the first three weeks. Conclusions This preclinical study shows the feasibility of using a MRI and NIR fluorescence optical imaging detectable probe to non-invasively monitor transplanted EPCs and also provides strong evidence that EPCs are involved in the development of endothelial cells during the tumor neovascularization.
Polymorphism in amorphous Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 : comparison of melt-quenched and as-deposited structures

Atomistic simulations on phase-change materials have focused on melt-quenched (MQ) samples, and both system size and quench time have posed challenges. We present here results of massively-parallel density functional (DF) simulations of the as-deposited (AD) amorphous structure of the prototype phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5. We have studied a 648-atom sample generated by computer-aided deposition at 300 K and compare the results with those for a 460-atom MQ sample we reported previously. The AD structure differs from MQ in essential ways: (1) Ge atoms are predominantly tetrahedrally coordinated, (2) homopolar and Ge-Sb bonds are more common and reduce the number of ABAB squares (A=Ge,Sb; B=Te), the characteristic building blocks of the material. The first observation resolves the contradiction between measured and calculated Ge-Te bond lengths, and the latter explains the large differences in crystallization speeds. Sb and Te are more highly coordinated than expected from the “8-N rule” (N is the number of valence electrons), and a-GST cannot be regarded as a covalent network glass.
Caries Prevalence and Its Correlation with Nutritional Status among Preschool Children Using Anthro-Plus Software

The objective of this study was to investigate whether dental caries status was correlated to nutritional status in children with primary dentition. Dental and anthropometric examinations were conducted on 376 children aged 5-6 years attending government municipal schools in Nashik city. Dental caries status was measured using the decayed, filled teeth (dft) index. Anthro-plus software with WHO 2007 Reference was used to evaluate nutritional status. Nutritional status was presented as z-scores for weight for age, height for age and BMI for age. Bivariate Pearson Correlation test was applied to investigate the relationship between nutritional parameters and the status of children’s dental caries. Caries was present in 68% of children with mean dft of 3.24±3.54. The correlation between the dft index and the nutritional parameters were not statistically significant (p>0.05), even as the r value was positive for weight for age and height for age (r = 0.6 and r = 0.1 respectively), but negative for BMI for age (r = 0.37). Although there was no statistically significant relationship between caries experience of children in primary dentition and their nutritional status, an increase in weight and height can increase the dft and also an increase in dft can reduce the BMI.
Title: the Neural Representation of Subjective Value under Risk and Ambiguity 1 2

28 Risk and ambiguity are two conditions in which the consequences of possible 29 outcomes are not certain. Under risk the probabilities of different outcomes can 30 be estimated, while under ambiguity even these probabilities are not known. 31 Although most people exhibit at least some aversion to both risk and ambiguity, 32 the degree of these aversions is largely uncorrelated across subjects, suggesting 33 that risk aversion and ambiguity aversion are distinct phenomena. Previous 34 studies have shown differences in brain activations for risky and ambiguous 35 choices, and have identified neural mechanisms that may mediate transitions 36 from conditions of ambiguity to conditions of risk. Unknown, however, is whether 37 the value of risky and ambiguous options is necessarily represented by two 38 distinct systems or whether a common mechanism can be identified. To answer 39 this question we compared the neural representation of subjective value under 40 risk and ambiguity. fMRI was used to track brain activation while subjects made 41 choices regarding options that varied systematically in the amount of money 42 offered and in either the probability of obtaining that amount or the level of 43 ambiguity around that probability. A common system, consisting of at least the 44 striatum and the medial prefrontal cortex, was found to represent subjective 45 value under both conditions. 46
Interactions of the quorum sensing regulator QscR: interaction with itself and the other regulators of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasR and RhlR

Pseudomonas aeruginosa controls the production of many exoproteins and secondary metabolites via a hierarchical quorum sensing (QS) regulatory cascade involving the LuxR‐like proteins LasR, RhlR and their cognate signal molecules N‐(3‐oxododecanoyl)‐l‐homoserine lactone (3O‐C12‐HSL) and N‐(butanoyl)‐l‐homoserine lactone (C4‐HSL). The finding of a third LuxR‐type protein in P. aeruginosa, QscR, adds further complexity to this regulatory network. It has been shown previously that QscR represses transcription of three QS‐controlled gene clusters, phz (phenazine), hcn (hydrogen cyanide) and qsc105 (Chugani, Whiteley, Lee, D’Argenio, Manoil, and Greenberg, 2001, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 2752–2757). In this study, we identify two novel QscR targets these are lasB, encoding the extracellular elastase, and the second phenazine gene cluster, both of which are downregulated by QscR. In addition, we show that QscR synthesis is regulated by the two‐component response regulator GacA. Taking advantage of the in vivo fluorescence anisotropy technology that we have developed, we show that QscR can be found in several different types of association. Indeed, we identify QscR multimers in the absence of any acyl‐HSL, lower order QscR oligomers associated either with C4‐HSL or 3O‐C12‐HSL and QscR‐containing heterodimers with LasR or RhlR. The formation of heterodimers between QscR and LasR or RhlR, in the absence of acyl‐HSLs, is a very exciting, new result that should improve our understanding of the QscR network and its relationship to the production of P. aeruginosa virulence factors.
Motivators and Barriers to Walking in Older Adults With Peripheral Artery Disease.

The purpose of the current review is to provide, within the context of social cognitive theory, a current description of behavioral, personal, and environmental factors that motivate or prevent an individual with peripheral artery disease (PAD) from participating in activity. A comprehensive review to explore motivators and barriers to walking in older adults with PAD was performed to help guide development of interventions to increase activity. Several databases were used for the literature review, with inclusion criteria being all study designs with samples of older adults with PAD. From the initial yield of 22 abstracts, and additional hand search, eight publications were used for this review. Social cognitive theory provided a context for understanding barriers and motivators to walking experienced by older adults with PAD. Nurses may contribute to walking self-efficacy with support and motivation. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44(1), 43-50. ].
Discrimination in Health Care: Correlates of Health Care Discrimination Among Black Males

Using data from the Indiana Black Men’s Health Study (N = 455), a community-based sample of adult Black men, the primary aim of this study was to explore factors of health care discrimination, and to examine if such reports differed by age and the frequency of race thoughts. Approximately one in four men reported experiencing discrimination in the health care setting. Results from the multivariable logistic regression models suggested that frequent race thoughts (odds ratio [OR]: 1.89, p < .05), not having health insurance (OR: 1.80, p < .05), and increased depressive symptomology (OR: 1.06, p < .01) were positively associated with reports of health care discrimination. A multiplicative interaction coefficient of age and frequency of race thoughts was included to determine if health care discrimination differed by age and frequency of race thoughts (OR: 1.03, p = .08). Results from the predicted probability plot suggested that the likelihood of experiencing health care discrimination decreases with age (OR: 0.97, p < .05). In particular, results suggested that between the ages of 33 and 53 years, Black men who experienced frequent race thoughts were more likely to report experiences of discrimination in the health care setting than men of the same age that did not experience frequent race thoughts. These results highlight the need for empirical work to better understand the experiences of Black men, a group less likely to utilize health care services than most adult groups within the health care setting.
Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on male and female behavioural lateralization in a temperate goby

Behavioural abnormality in fishes has been proposed as a significant consequence of the increasing levels of carbon dioxide occurring in the oceans. Negative effects of elevated CO2 have been reported for behaviours such as predator–prey interactions, foraging, hearing and behavioural lateralization. Importantly, the effects vary greatly both within and between species, and some recent studies have shown minimal effects of CO2 on behaviour. Whether the effect of CO2 also varies between males and females is, however, virtually unexplored. According to resource allocation theory, females are expected to be more sensitive to elevated CO2, meaning that non-sex-specific studies may overlook ecologically important differences between the sexes. In this study, we investigated the possible differences between males and females in their response to elevated CO2 by performing behavioural lateralization tests in adult temperate two-spotted gobies, Gobiusculus flavescens. We found that the strength of the side bias (absolute lateralization) was unaffected by the CO2 treatment, and there was no difference between males and females. The control fish were slightly right-biased in their behavioural asymmetry (mean relative lateralization of 14). Exposure to high CO2 affected this pattern, such that treated fish were slightly left-biased (mean relative lateralization of −10), regardless of their sex. The same results were obtained yet again when the study was repeated during a second year. We discuss our results in light of the great variation in lateralization that has been reported to depend on variables such as species, ecological settings and environmental factors.
Loss of O-GlcNAc glycosylation in forebrain excitatory neurons induces neurodegeneration

Significance O-GlcNAcylation is an abundant posttranslational modification suggested to have both neuroprotective and neurodegenerative functions. Although previous studies on O-GlcNAc have illustrated its potential to modulate preexisting phenotypes in neurodegenerative animal models, the importance of O-GlcNAcylation in both the induction of neuropathology and the functioning of healthy adult neurons remained unclear. We generated a forebrain-specific O-GlcNAc transferase conditional knockout mouse and found that diminution of O-GlcNAc signaling induced progressive neurodegeneration in vivo, including pathogenic processing of tau and amyloid precursor protein, widespread neuronal death, gliosis, and memory loss. These results indicate that O-GlcNAcylation regulates pathways critical for neuronal health and survival and that modulating O-GlcNAc signaling may represent a neuroprotective strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. O-GlcNAc glycosylation (or O-GlcNAcylation) is a dynamic, inducible posttranslational modification found on proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as α-synuclein, amyloid precursor protein, and tau. Deletion of the O-GlcNAc transferase (ogt) gene responsible for the modification causes early postnatal lethality in mice, complicating efforts to study O-GlcNAcylation in mature neurons and to understand its roles in disease. Here, we report that forebrain-specific loss of OGT in adult mice leads to progressive neurodegeneration, including widespread neuronal cell death, neuroinflammation, increased production of hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloidogenic Aβ-peptides, and memory deficits. Furthermore, we show that human cortical brain tissue from Alzheimer’s disease patients has significantly reduced levels of OGT protein expression compared with cortical tissue from control individuals. Together, these studies indicate that O-GlcNAcylation regulates pathways critical for the maintenance of neuronal health and suggest that dysfunctional O-GlcNAc signaling may be an important contributor to neurodegenerative diseases.
Microbial production of isotopically light iron(II) in a modern chemically precipitated sediment and implications for isotopic variations in ancient rocks

The inventories and Fe isotope composition of aqueous Fe(II) and solid‐phase Fe compounds were quantified in neutral‐pH, chemically precipitated sediments downstream of the Iron Mountain acid mine drainage site in northern California, USA. The sediments contain high concentrations of amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxides [Fe(III)am] that allow dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) to predominate over Fe–S interactions in Fe redox transformation, as indicated by the very low abundance of Cr(II)‐extractable reduced inorganic sulfur compared with dilute HCl‐extractable Fe. δ56Fe values for bulk HCl‐ and HF‐extractable Fe were ≈ 0. These near‐zero bulk δ56Fe values, together with the very low abundance of dissolved Fe in the overlying water column, suggest that the pyrite Fe source had near‐zero δ56Fe values, and that complete oxidation of Fe(II) took place prior to deposition of the Fe(III) oxide‐rich sediment. Sediment core analyses and incubation experiments demonstrated the production of millimolar quantities of isotopically light (δ56Fe ≈ −1.5 to −0.5‰) aqueous Fe(II) coupled to partial reduction of Fe(III)am by DIR. Trends in the Fe isotope composition of solid‐associated Fe(II) and residual Fe(III)am are consistent with experiments with synthetic Fe(III) oxides, and collectively suggest an equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between aqueous Fe(II) and Fe(III)am of approximately −2‰. These Fe(III) oxide‐rich sediments provide a model for early diagenetic processes that are likely to have taken place in Archean and Paleoproterozoic marine sediments that served as precursors for banded iron formations. Our results suggest pathways whereby DIR could have led to the formation of large quantities of low‐δ56Fe minerals during BIF genesis.
First Report of the Globally Disseminated IncX4 Plasmid Carrying the mcr-1 Gene in a Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Sequence Type 101 Isolate from a Human Infection in Brazil

ABSTRACT A colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strain was recovered from a patient with a diabetic foot infection in Brazil. Whole-genome analysis revealed that the E. coli isolate belonged to the widespread sequence type (ST) 101 and harbored the mcr-1 gene on an IncX4 plasmid that was highly similar to mcr-1-bearing IncX4 plasmids that were recently identified in Enterobacteriaceae from food, animal, and human samples recovered on different continents. These results suggest that self-transmissible IncX4-type plasmids may represent promiscuous plasmids contributing to the intercontinental spread of the mcr-1 gene.
A Breast Imaging Model Using Microwaves and a Time Domain Three Dimensional Reconstruction Method

An iterative reconstruction algorithm for three-dimensional (3-D) microwave tomography by using time-domain microwave data is applied to detect breast tumor. A numeric breast model with randomly distributed glandular tissues (random size and permittivity) with a tu- mor is designed for the calculation of synthetic microwave data. An \air phantom" consisting of a section of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe fllled with styrofoam and a thin glass cylinder is constructed for col- lecting microwave data in laboratory. The \breast" and \air phantom" are reconstructed. Reconstruction results show that the \tumor" in the
Effectiveness of a Commercially Available Orthotic Insert

Background: Foot pain is a non-specific complaint among individuals who stand for extended periods of time. Prefabricated inserts have been effective for increasing balance and managing pain. One manufacturer has developed a line of general inserts for that purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a commercially available orthotic insert on balance, pain, and plantar foot pressures as well as to determine if enhancing balance may decrease pain. Methods: Twenty-three subjects with at least 6 months non-specific foot pain participated and were issued a commercially available orthotic insert after screening. The Sensory Organization Test composite score was used to assess balance on the NeuroCom® Balance Manager SMART EquiTest. Foot Function Index (FFI) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) were used to assess pain. GAITRite was utilized to assess plantar foot pressures. Results: Foot pain was decreased after one week with use of the commercially available orthotic insert. Increased balance scores were noted between day 1 without inserts and after day 7 of insert wear and also between day 1 with inserts and day 7. Decreases in pain were noted between pre balance testing without inserts (day 1) and after day 7 as well as immediately after balance testing with inserts (day 1) and day 7. Among the females, right lateromedial foot pressures increased from day 1 without inserts and immediately after the addition of inserts. An inverse relationship was observed between the NPRS and the composite balance scores after 1 week of insert wear. Conclusions: Results indicate that a commercially available orthotic insert may be effective in managing foot pain and increasing balance after one week. Additionally, inserts appear to shift the right foot pressures from the predominately medial aspect of the foot to the lateral aspect of the foot for females but not males.