Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Persistent effects of doxorubicin on cardiac gene expression.

During administration of the anthracycline antitumour agents, their cardiotoxicity can progress from cardiac dysfunction to heart failure. Cardiomyopathy can also develop years after receiving anthracyclines. To determine if persistent and/or progressive anthracycline effect(s) are referable to anthracycline effects on cardiac gene expression, steady-state mRNA levels were determined 4 days (n=8), 4 weeks (n=7) and 10 weeks (n=7) after doxorubicin (DOX; 2 mg/kg IV) in a well-characterized rabbit model. Levels of mRNA for alpha -actin, beta -myosin heavy chain and the calcium pump of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA2a) in the left ventricle (LV) were determined by Northern blot hybridization and expressed relative to an 18S constitutive marker. The mRNA levels for the high molecular weight subunit (cardiac isoform) of the ryanodine receptor (RyR2), sarcolemmal calcium channel (dihydropyridine receptor; DHPR), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II receptor (ATR) and atrial naturetic peptide prohormone (ANP) were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot analysis, and expressed relative to GAPDH, a constitutive marker. Histopathologic evidence for anthracycline-induced myocardial cell injury was absent (score <1) in all hearts examined except one (score=1.1; 4 weeks post-DOX), which was considered separately. Relative mRNA levels for beta -myosin heavy chain 4 days after DOX increased 1.9-fold compared to the vehicle-treated group, but by 4 weeks levels had returned to baseline. Relative mRNA levels for DHPR were increased 1.2-fold 4 days after DOX and were persistently increased 1.9- and 2.2-fold 4 and 10 weeks after DOX, respectively. The mRNA levels for ANP were first decreased (4.5-fold) 4 days after DOX. Four weeks after DOX, ANP message levels approached Control in seven out of eight rabbits. The one rabbit with early LV histopathology 4 weeks post-DOX had increased mRNA for DHPR (2.7-fold) and ANP (80-fold). Between 4 and 10 weeks after DOX, mRNA levels for ANP increased C 16-fold: evidence for late progression. In situ hybridization with specific riboprobes localized the persistent increase in DHPR and the progressive increase in ANP to myocytes. Thus, DOX alters steady-state mRNA levels in LV that are referable to both persistent and progressive anthracycline effects on myocellular gene expression.
Ultrastructural and ultracytochemical study of the middle ear epithelium in the chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus

The fine structure of the epithelium lining the tympanic cavity of the chicken was studied by TEM and SEM. In addition, the distribution of nonspecific esterase activity in the epithelium was investigated by TEM. Ultrastructural study revealed the presence of disk‐like apical protrusions of the epithelial cells, previously not observed in other cell types. The protrusions contained some cytoplasmic organelles and were characterized by a ring‐shaped thickening around their periphery. The ring was made up of a granulo‐filamentous material. Our observations clearly indicate the existence of an apocrine secretory mechanism, consisting of a progressive detachment of disk‐like protrusions from the apex of the epithelial cells. The ultracytochemical study demonstrated nonspecific esterase activity on the epithelial surface and in the secretory vesicles. We propose that nonspecific esterase is a marker for middle ear surfactant in birds. J. Morphol. 256:371–378, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automatic laughter detection using neural networks

Laughter recognition is an underexplored area of research. Our goal in this work was to develop an accurate and efficient method to recognize laughter segments, ultimately for the purpose of speaker recognition. Previous work has classified presegmented data as to the presence of laughter using SVMs, GMMs, and HMMs. In this work, we have extended the stateof-the-art in laughter recognition by eliminating the need to presegment the data, while attaining high precision, as well as yielding higher resolution for labeling start and end times. In our experiments, we found neural networks to be a particularly good fit for this problem and the score level combination of the MFCC, AC PEAK, and F0 features to be optimal. We achieved an equal error rate (EER) of 7.9% for laughter recognition, thereby establishing the first results for nonpresegmented frame-by-frame laughter recognition on the ICSI Meetings database.
Hearing threshold shifts and recovery after noise exposure in beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas

SUMMARY Temporary threshold shift (TTS) after loud noise exposure was investigated in a male and a female beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). The thresholds were evaluated using the evoked-potential technique, which allowed for threshold tracing with a resolution of ~1 min. The fatiguing noise had a 0.5 octave bandwidth, with center frequencies ranging from 11.2 to 90 kHz, a level of 165 dB re. 1 μPa and exposure durations from 1 to 30 min. The effects of the noise were tested at probe frequencies ranging from −0.5 to +1.5 octaves relative to the noise center frequency. The effect was estimated in terms of both immediate (1.5 min) post-exposure TTS and recovery duration. The highest TTS with the longest recovery duration was produced by noises of lower frequencies (11.2 and 22.5 kHz) and appeared at a test frequency of +0.5 octave. At higher noise frequencies (45 and 90 kHz), the TTS decreased. The TTS effect gradually increased with prolonged exposures ranging from 1 to 30 min. There was a considerable TTS difference between the two subjects.
Mucosal DNA vaccine immunization against measles with a highly attenuated Shigella flexneri vector.

An intranasal vaccine vector would elicit protective immunity at the respiratory mucosa, the portal of entry and the primary site for replication for measles virus (MV) and other respiratory viruses. In a murine model of pulmonary Shigella, we demonstrate here that a candidate-attenuated Shigella vaccine vector is safely tolerated in IFN-gamma deficient mice at an inoculum that is 1 million-fold higher than the inoculum of the wild-type parent strain that would be lethal for greater than 90% of these mice. Also, following intranasal inoculation, the Deltaasd Shigella harboring a DNA MV vaccine plasmid induces a vigorous MV-specific Th1-type (both CD8+ CTL and IFN-gamma) and, to a lesser degree, Th2-type responses among splenocytes in addition to low levels of IgG and IgA in the serum. Priming for MV-specific CTL responses was possible in mice that had prior infection with a wild-type Shigella of the same serotype. Remarkably, mice immunized by the intranasal route with attenuated Shigella harboring the DNA MV vaccine plasmid had a level of MV-specific CTL activity among splenocytes that was comparable with levels observed in mice immunized by the i.p. route with attenuated Salmonella typhi harboring the same DNA vaccine plasmid, despite the fact that Shigella remained localized to the lungs, yet Salmonella disseminated to the spleen following inoculation. Thus, Deltaasd Shigella represents a very useful vector for delivery of DNA vaccines to mucosal lymphoid tissues.
The ATLAS SCT Optoelectronics and the Associated Electrical Services

The requirements for the optical links of the ATLAS SCT are described. From the individual detector modules to the first patch panel, the electrical services are integrated with the optical links to aid in mechanical design, construction and integration. The system architecture and critical elements of the system are described. The optical links for the ATLAS SCT have been assembled and mounted onto the carbon fibre support structures. The performance of the system as measured during QA is summarised and compared to the final performance obtained after mounting modules onto the support structures. PACS: 42.88, 04.40N, 85.40, 85.60.
Genetic Association Analysis of Human Longevity in Cohort Studies of Elderly Subjects: An Example of the PON1 Gene in the Danish 1905 Birth Cohort

Although the case-control or the cross-sectional design has been popular in genetic association studies of human longevity, such a design is prone to false positive results due to sampling bias and a potential secular trend in gene–environment interactions. To avoid these problems, the cohort or follow-up study design has been recommended. With the observed individual survival information, the Cox regression model has been used for single-locus data analysis. In this article, we present a novel survival analysis model that combines population survival with individual genotype and phenotype information in assessing the genetic association with human longevity in cohort studies. By monitoring the changes in the observed genotype frequencies over the follow-up period in a birth cohort, we are able to assess the effects of the genotypes and/or haplotypes on individual survival. With the estimated parameters, genotype- and/or haplotype-specific survival and hazard functions can be calculated without any parametric assumption on the survival distribution. In addition, our model estimates haplotype frequencies in a birth cohort over the follow-up time, which is not observable in the multilocus genotype data. A computer simulation study was conducted to specifically assess the performance and power of our haplotype-based approach for given risk and frequency parameters under different sample sizes. Application of our method to paraoxonase 1 genotype data detected a haplotype that significantly reduces carriers' hazard of death and thus reveals and stresses the important role of genetic variation in maintaining human survival at advanced ages.
Morphine Use in Cancer Surgery

Morphine is the core of perioperative pain management. However, when it comes to cancer surgery the possibility that this drug might affect tumor recurrence and metastasis has raised concerns. The results of two recent retrospective clinical trials indicated that regional anesthesia/analgesia might be beneficial in prostate and breast cancer surgery. It was proposed that morphine could be responsible for the higher recurrence and mortality rate observed in the general anesthesia/opioid analgesia groups. Nevertheless, the results of several other retrospective studies and one randomized prospective trial failed to confirm any advantage for regional anesthesia/analgesia over general anesthesia and opioid analgesia. Moreover laboratory data on the effect of morphine on cancer are contradictory, ranging from tumor-promoting to anti-tumor effects. Considering that surgical stress and pain promote the recurrence and spread of cancer, choosing a proper analgesic strategy is of high significance. Although the question of whether morphine causes any harm to cancer patients remains unanswered, alternative analgesic regimens could be used concomitant to or instead of morphine to limit its potential adverse effects.
Regulation of Smooth Muscle Dystrophin and Synaptopodin 2 Expression by Actin Polymerization and Vascular Injury

Objective—Actin dynamics in vascular smooth muscle is known to regulate contractile differentiation and may play a role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. However, the list of genes regulated by actin polymerization in smooth muscle remains incomprehensive. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify actin-regulated genes in smooth muscle and to demonstrate the role of these genes in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle phenotype. Approach and Results—Mouse aortic smooth muscle cells were treated with an actin-stabilizing agent, jasplakinolide, and analyzed by microarrays. Several transcripts were upregulated including both known and previously unknown actin-regulated genes. Dystrophin and synaptopodin 2 were selected for further analysis in models of phenotypic modulation and vascular disease. These genes were highly expressed in differentiated versus synthetic smooth muscle and their expression was promoted by the transcription factors myocardin and myocardin-related transcription factor A. Furthermore, the expression of both synaptopodin 2 and dystrophin was significantly reduced in balloon-injured human arteries. Finally, using a dystrophin mutant mdx mouse and synaptopodin 2 knockdown, we demonstrate that these genes are involved in the regulation of smooth muscle differentiation and function. Conclusions—This study demonstrates novel genes that are promoted by actin polymerization, that regulate smooth muscle function, and that are deregulated in models of vascular disease. Thus, targeting actin polymerization or the genes controlled in this manner can lead to novel therapeutic options against vascular pathologies that involve phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells.
Solar‐radiation‐maintained glacier recession on Kilimanjaro drawn from combined ice‐radiation geometry modeling

[1] In the context of investigating modern glacier recession on Kilimanjaro, which began around 1880, this study addresses the glacier regime of the vertical ice walls that typically form the margins of Kilimanjaro’s summit glaciers. These walls have suffered a continuous lateral retreat during the twentieth century. To evaluate the role of solar radiation in maintaining glacier recession on Kilimanjaro, a radiation model is applied to an idealized representation of the 1880-ice cap. The combined process-based model calculates the spatial extent and geometry of the ice cap for various points in time after 1880. Support for input data and fundamental assumptions are provided by an automatic weather station that has operated on the summit’s Northern Icefield since February 2000. Even in a simple climatic scenario only forced with an annual cycle of clouds, the basic evolution in spatial distribution of ice bodies on the summit is modeled well. The Northern and Southern Icefields form in characteristic east-west orientation, which verifies the basic idea behind the model. Forcing the model with further climate-related phenomena improves the results. It then additionally reproduces the Eastern Icefield, the third big ice entity on the summit. This study qualitatively demonstrates that solar radiation is the main climatic parameter maintaining modern glacier recession on Kilimanjaro summit, but also suggests that retreat on the inner ice cap margin might have been supported by a secondary energy source. The need for additional field measurements is emphasized in order to better understand the complex processes of glacier-climate interaction on Kilimanjaro. INDEX TERMS: 1620 Global Change: Climate dynamics (3309); 1827 Hydrology: Glaciology (1863); 3309 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Climatology (1620); 3359 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Radiative processes; 9305 Information Related to Geographic Region: Africa; KEYWORDS: tropical glaciers, Kilimanjaro, climate change, glacier retreat, solar radiation modeling "#
The influence of femoral head surface roughness on the wear of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene sockets in cementless total hip replacement.

A theoretical relationship was recently proposed relating the wear behavior of polymetric bearing materials articulating against hard counterfaces. (1) This model attempts to predict the influence of surface roughness on wear. Laboratory-based studies have been used to establish the validity of these relationships, but their application to the clinical situation has not been investigated fully. Forty-two retrieved PCA hip joints have been assessed. The total wear volume was calculated from the penetration measured using the shadowgraph method, and roughness of the articulating surfaces was recorded using noncontacting profilometry. The roughness of the explanted femoral heads was observed to increase (median S(a) - 10. 35 nm worn region, 3.05 nm peripheral region), while that of the acetabular liner fell dramatically (median S(a) - 41 nm worn region, 212 nm unworn region). No evidence of a relationship between the topography of the worn regions of the femoral head and that of the acetabular liner could be found. Similarly, the strength of the association between the surface roughness and the clinical wear factor was considerably poorer than that achieved in laboratory experiments. A number of reasons for this observation are proposed. Most deleterious was considered to be the inability of the roughness parameters to describe the damaging features of the surface adequately. Uncertainty as to when the surface of the component degrades during its life serves to introduce further doubt as to the application of the wear models in the clinical environment. In conclusion, this study fails to provide clinical evidence to substantiate the relationship between surface finish and wear rate. The adoption of standardized measurement parameters and techniques would facilitate the direct comparison of joint types and the selection of the most advantageous materials.
Distributed simulation and virtual reality visualization of multi-robot distributed receding horizon control systems

This paper presents a new framework and experimental setup for distributed simulation and virtual reality visualization of multi-robot receding horizon control (RHC) systems. A distributed RHC algorithm for formation control of multi-robot systems is implemented on multiple computers using a UDP/IP network and synchronization functions for real-time implementation. An object oriented virtual reality (VR) environment is also developed which can be interfaced with the distributed simulation. Several types of VR ground and air vehicles can be simulated and combined with the distributed RHC system for verification of the controller in an unstructured VR environment. Furthermore, a 6 degree of freedom motion platform is integrated with the system to allow pilot vehicle interaction studies. Together this work provides a general and useful tool for development and testing of multi-robot distributed RHC control systems.
Cold Stress and Nitrogen Deficiency Affected Protein Expression of Psychrotrophic Dyadobacter psychrophilus B2 and Pseudomonas jessenii MP1

Nitrogen (N) deficiency and low temperature conditions are the prominent facet of Western Himalayan agro-ecosystems. A slight change in the environment alters the protein expression of the microorganisms. Therefore, proteomes of the two psychrotrophs Dyadobacter psychrophilus B2 and Pseudomonas jessenii MP1 were analyzed using two dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI–TOF–MS, to determine the physiological response of altitudinally different but indigenous microorganisms in response to cold stress under N depleting conditions. Functional assessment of 150 differentially expressed proteins from both the psychrotrophs revealed several mechanisms might be involved in cold stress adaptation, protein synthesis/modifications, energy metabolism, cell growth/maintenance, etc. In both the proteomes, abundance of the proteins related to energy production and stress were significantly increased while, proteins related to biosynthesis and energy consuming processes decreased. ATP synthase subunit alpha, beta, ATP-dependent Clp protease, Enolase, groL HtpG and N(2)-fixation sustaining protein CowN proteins were found to be expressed in both B2 and MP1, similarly to previously studied diazotrophs under low temperature N2 fixing conditions and therefore, can be considered as a biomarker for monitoring the nitrogen fixation in cold niches. Nevertheless, in both the diazotrophs, a good fraction of the proteins were related to hypothetical proteins which are still uncharacterized, thereby, suggesting the need for in-depth studies on cold adapted diazotrophs and their adaptive mechanisms.
The potential contribution of increased vegetable and fruit consumption to health gain in the European Union

Abstract Background: The risk of many important diseases can be reduced by consuming a diet rich in vegetables and fruit. For this reason the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a daily intake of more than 400 g person−1. The pattern of both the supply and intake of vegetables and fruit and the potential health gain achieved by increasing intake in the European Union (EU) and three accession countries are presented in this paper. Methods: Patterns of supply and dietary intake were assessed using (1) FAO food balance sheets, which allow comparison between the levels of supply in countries but do not reflect actual intake; and (2) survey data reflecting dietary intake. Using WHO mortality data for coronary heart and cerebrovascular disease and major cancers up to age 65 years, the number of preventable deaths is estimated, assuming vegetable and fruit consumption were levelled up to that of the highest consuming group, and assuming relative risks of 0.5, 0.7 or 0.9. Results: Vegetable and fruit consumption varies considerably between EU Member States. The populations of about half (seven) of the EU Member States have a mean daily intake of less than 275 g. Using the best current estimates of relative risk, over 26,000 deaths before the age of 65 years would be prevented annually in the EU if intake was levelled up to the highest consumption levels (and about double this number of deaths before the age of 75 years). Conclusion: Increasing the intake of vegetables and fruit is feasible and could result in considerable improvements in public health within the EU. Priority should be given to developing methods that demonstrate the burden of disease caused by too low intakes of vegetables and fruit. This would enable the appropriate social, cultural and economic policies to be developed within the EU.
Burned out cognition--cognitive functioning of burnout patients before and after a period with psychological treatment.

OBJECTIVES Many employees with burnout report cognitive difficulties. However, the relation between burnout and cognitive functioning has hardly been empirically validated. Moreover, it is unknown whether the putative cognitive deficits in burnout are temporary or permanent. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to answer two related questions: (i) Is burnout associated with self-reported cognitive difficulties and with deficits in a specific and well-defined set of executive functions? (ii) Do these putative self-reported cognitive difficulties and deficits in executive functioning in burnout diminish after a 10-week period of cognitive behavioral therapy? METHODS Sixteen employees with burnout were compared with sixteen matched healthy employees on self-reported cognitive difficulties and tests measuring the basic executive functions, namely, updating, inhibition, and switching, on two test occasions. The interval between the test occasions was ten weeks, during which the burnout individuals received cognitive behavioral therapy. RESULTS On the first test occasion, and relative to healthy individuals, individuals with burnout reported more cognitive difficulties and showed deficits in the "updating" function. No group differences were found regarding the "inhibition" and "switching" functions, although individuals with burnout generally responded slower than healthy individuals on the latter test. Even though after the ten-week treatment period individuals with burnout revealed positive changes regarding burnout symptoms, general health, and self-reported cognitive difficulties, no evidence was found for improved cognitive test performance. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that either (i) burnout leads to permanent cognitive deficits, (ii) subjective burnout complaints reduce faster than deficits in cognitive test performance, or (iii) cognitive deficits are a cause rather than a consequence of burnout.