Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Literature Survey on Domain Adaptation of Statistical Classifiers

The domain adaptation problem, especially domain adaptation in natural language processing, started gaining much attention very recently [Daumé III and Marcu, 2006, Blitzer et al., 2006, Ben-David et al., 2007, Daumé III, 2007, Satpal and Sarawagi, 2007]. However, some special kinds of domain adaptation problems have been studied before under different names such as class imbalance [Japkowicz and Stephen, 2002], covariate shift [Shimodaira, 2000], and sample selection bias [Heckman, 1979]. There are also some well-studied machine learning problems that are closely related but not equivalent to domain adaptation, including multi-task learning [Caruana, 1997] and semi-supervised learning [Chapelle et al., 2006]. In this literature survey, we review existing work in both the machine learning and the natural language processing communities related to domain adaptation. Because this relatively new topic is constantly attracting attention, our survey is necessarily incomplete. Nevertheless, we try to cover the major lines of work that we are aware of up to the date this survey is written. This survey will also be constantly updated. The goal of this literature survey is twofold. First, existing studies on domain adaptation seem very different from each other, and different terms are used to refer to the problem. There has not been any survey that connects these different studies. This survey thus tries to organize the existing work in a systematic way and draw a big picture of the domain adaptation problem with its possible solutions. Second, a systematic literature survey shows the limitations of current work and points out promising directions that should be explored.
Epistemic beliefs’ role in promoting misperceptions and conspiracist ideation

Widespread misperceptions undermine citizens’ decision-making ability. Conclusions based on falsehoods and conspiracy theories are by definition flawed. This article demonstrates that individuals’ epistemic beliefs–beliefs about the nature of knowledge and how one comes to know–have important implications for perception accuracy. The present study uses a series of large, nationally representative surveys of the U.S. population to produce valid and reliable measures of three aspects of epistemic beliefs: reliance on intuition for factual beliefs (Faith in Intuition for facts), importance of consistency between empirical evidence and beliefs (Need for evidence), and conviction that “facts” are politically constructed (Truth is political). Analyses confirm that these factors complement established predictors of misperception, substantively increasing our ability to explain both individuals’ propensity to engage in conspiracist ideation, and their willingness to embrace falsehoods about high-profile scientific and political issues. Individuals who view reality as a political construct are significantly more likely to embrace falsehoods, whereas those who believe that their conclusions must hew to available evidence tend to hold more accurate beliefs. Confidence in the ability to intuitively recognize truth is a uniquely important predictor of conspiracist ideation. Results suggest that efforts to counter misperceptions may be helped by promoting epistemic beliefs emphasizing the importance of evidence, cautious use of feelings, and trust that rigorous assessment by knowledgeable specialists is an effective guard against political manipulation.
Bullous pemphigoid—a report of 86 cases from Taiwan

We reviewed 86 cases of bullous pemphigoid and the results were compared with those reported in rhc literature. Seventy‐eight per cent of the patients developed generalized blisters and 22% hntl localized blisters, including three cases of dyshidrosiform pemphigoid and one case of pretibial pemphigoid. Oral mucosal involvement was noticed in 12.8% of the patients, Fifteen per cent of the patients had internal malignancies but the incidence was not significantly different from the control group. Direct immunofluorescence in our series showed a high positive rate of 98‐8%. Indirect imniunofluorescenee was positive in 48.1% of the 54 patients in whom this was carried out. Peripheral blood eusinophilia was observed in 221% of rhe patients. Prednisolone alone or in combination with immunosuppressive agents was the mainstay of treatment. Treatment side‐effects was observed in 33% of the patients. Thirty percent of the patients had a complete remission after a mean follow‐up period of 269 months.
Epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus in Asia: Challenges and opportunities

Kaposi's sarcoma—associated herpes virus (KSHV) also referred to as human herpesvirus‐8 (HHV‐8), is a gamma herpes virus and recently discovered human virus. Since its discovery, a myriad of studies has been conducted to explore its pathogenesis mechanisms. However, despite our consistently increasing understanding of KSHV biology and its clinical manifestations, only little progress has been made in understanding of its epidemiology characteristics which in turn hampered the management of KSHV‐associated diseases and public health. Asia, the largest continent with a diversity of populations, has been thought to be with relative lower KSHV prevalence and diseases burden. The epidemiology of KSHV in this area is obscure either. The present review summarizes the current knowledge pertaining to the epidemiology of KSHV across Asian countries. Studies available in the literature have shown a substantial variation in this region indicating the virus is not ubiquitous in Asia countries as is the case with other human herpes viruses. Also, the MSM has been reconfirmed to be at the highest risk of KSHV infection in Asia highlighting the need for an increased focus on this previously marginalized population. Because of the paucity of data available, the epidemiologic characteristics of KSHV are difficult to determine in Asian countries. Future systematic collection of data to inform KSHV prevention strategies in Asia is urgently needed. J. Med. Virol. 89:563–570, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AUV-Aided Localization for Underwater Sensor Networks

We propose a localization scheme for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWSN) that does not require a priori infra-structure or synchronization between nodes. An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) aids in localizing the sensor nodes while roaming across the underwater sensor field. The objectives of this paper are to describe how to localize nodes using AUV and to describe the tradeoffs involved, i.e. ratio of localized nodes and localization accuracy. We show that localization success improves as the duration of the AUV localization process increases. In addition, we investigated localization using two methods, bounding-box and triangulation. The former achieves a higher localization ratio but with a higher error. In certain scenarios, we achieved 100% nodes localized with 3% error.
Reactions of chlorine (III) and their kinetics in the chlorine dioxide bleaching of kraft pulps

OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 11000, FI-00076 AALTO http://www.tkk. fi Author Tuula Lehtimaa Name of the dissertation Reactions of Chlorine (III) and Their Kinetics in the Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching of Kraft Pulps Manuscript submitted February 9, 2010 Manuscript revised May 12, 2010 Date of the defence June 21, 2010 Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Faculty Faculty of Chemistry and Material Sciences Department Department of Forest Products Technology Field of research Forest Products Chemistry Opponent(s) Professor Dominique Lachenal Supervisor Professor Tapani Vuorinen Instructor Professor Tapani Vuorinen Abstract The reactions of Cl(III) were investigated utilizing iodometric titration in combination with DMSO and EDTA to prevent undesired side reactions. Among a large group of suggested Cl(III) decomposition reactions, two reactions were found to be adequate to describe the Cl(III) decomposition in the absence of metals and HOCl. The rate parameters (k – rate coefficient, Ea – activation energy) were determined for these reactions. The reaction between Cl(III) and HOCl is known to start with the formation of a Cl2O2 intermediate. The Cl2O2 intermediate was found to be formed through both, hypochlorous acid and chlorine. The kinetic parameters were obtained for the reaction between chlorous acid and hypochlorous acid. The reaction rate between chlorine and chlorite was found to be restricted by the kinetics of the HOCl/Cl2 equilibrium. The extremely fast Cl2O2 consuming reactions were identified among a group of suggested reactions and their relative rates were determined. Kinetic parameters were identified for several aldehydes with Cl(III). Aldehyde groups were shown to be present in kraft pulps and a considerable amount of aldehydes was found to be formed during chlorine dioxide bleaching. These aldehydes seemed to originate both from carbohydrates and lignin and the amount was dependent on the ClO2 dosage used. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that the reaction between Cl(III) and aldehydes may contribute substantially to the overall Cl(III) consumption during chlorine dioxide bleaching. Chlorine dioxide prebleaching (D0-stage) experiments were conducted to gain more knowledge of the rate of the different reactions and on the time-dependent behavior of various components. Kappa number reduction, hexenuronic acid depletion, chlorination and chlorine dioxide consumption were all found to be fast reactions, with almost everything occurring during the first minute of bleaching. Cl(III) was an exception. The amount of Cl(III) first increased rapidly and then decreased slowly.
Hand assessment in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid disease is rarely static. Its course is variable and largely unpredictable. In the hand, tendons and muscles may be involved, as well as joints. Hand function is influenced by the presence of joint involvement elsewhere, particularly in the upper limb, and by complications such as neuropathy. It is, however, important to assess the effect ofthe disease on individual joints at regular intervals, and also to consider the function of the hand as a whole. From such assessments a decision can be made on the advisability of surgical intervention, and later these may be used to evaluate the results of treatment. These assessments should be made by a senior member of the team.
The Mpumalanga Men's Study (MPMS): Results of a Baseline Biological and Behavioral HIV Surveillance Survey in Two MSM Communities in South Africa

The Mpumalanga Men's Study (MPMS) is the assessment of the Project Boithato HIV prevention intervention for South African MSM. Boithato aims to increase consistent condom use, regular testing for HIV-negative MSM, and linkage to care for HIV-positive MSM. The MPMS baseline examined HIV prevalence and associated risk behaviors, and testing, care, and treatment behaviors among MSM in Gert Sibande and Ehlanzeni districts in Mpumalanga province, South Africa in order to effectively target intervention activities. We recruited 307 MSM in Gert Sibande and 298 in Ehlanzeni through respondent-driven sampling (RDS) between September 2012-March 2013. RDS-adjusted HIV prevalence estimates are 28.3% (95% CI 21.1%–35.3%) in Gert Sibande, and 13.7% (95% CI 9.1%–19.6%) in Ehlanzeni. Prevalence is significantly higher among MSM over age 25 [57.8% (95% CI 43.1%–72.9%) vs. 17.9% (95% CI 10.6%–23.9%), P<0.001 in Gert Sibande; 34.5% (95%CI 20.5%–56.0%) vs. 9.1% (95% CI 4.6%–13.9%), P<0.001 in Ehlanzeni]. In Gert Sibande, prevalence is higher among self-identified gay and transgender MSM vs. other MSM [39.3% (95%CI, 28.3%–47.9%), P<0.01], inconsistent condom users [38.1% (18.1%–64.2%), P<0.05], those with a current regular male partner [35.0% (27.1%–46.4%), P<0.05], and those with lifetime experience of intimate partner violence with men [40.4%, (95%CI 28.9%–50.9%), P<0.05]. Prevalence of previous HIV testing was 65.8% (95%CI 58.8%–74.0%) in Gert Sibande, and 69.3% (95%CI 61.9%–76.8%) in Ehlanzeni. Regular HIV testing was uncommon [(34.6%, (95%CI 27.9%–41.4%) in Gert Sibande; 31.0% (95%CI 24.9%–37.8%) in Ehlanzeni]. Among HIV-positive participants, few knew their status (28.1% in Gert Sibande and 14.5% in Ehlanzeni), or were appropriately linked to care (18.2% and 11.3%, respectively), or taking antiretroviral therapy (13.6% and 9.6% respectively). MPMS results demonstrate the importance of implementing interventions for MSM to increase consistent condom use, regular HIV testing, and linkage and engagement in care for HIV-infected MSM.
Brain Regions That Represent Amodal Conceptual Knowledge

To what extent do the brain regions implicated in semantic processing contribute to the representation of amodal conceptual content rather than modality-specific mechanisms or mechanisms of semantic access and manipulation? Here, we propose that a brain region can be considered to represent amodal conceptual object knowledge if it is supramodal and plays a role in distinguishing among the conceptual representations of different objects. In an fMRI study, human participants made category typicality judgments about pictured objects or their names drawn from five different categories. Crossmodal multivariate pattern analysis revealed a network of six left-lateralized regions largely outside of category-selective visual cortex that showed a supramodal representation of object categories. These were located in the posterior middle/inferior temporal gyrus (pMTG/ITG), angular gyrus, ventral temporal cortex, posterior cingulate/precuneus (PC), and lateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Representational similarity analysis within these regions determined that the similarity between category-specific patterns of neural activity in the pMTG/ITG and the PC was consistent with the semantic similarity between these categories. This finding supports the PC and pMTG/ITG as candidate regions for the amodal representation of the conceptual properties of objects.
Evaluation of A Viseme-Driven Talking Head

This paper introduces a three-dimensional virtual head for use in speech tutoring applications. The system achieves audiovisual speech synthesis using viseme-driven animation and a coarticulation model, to automatically generate speech from text. The talking head was evaluated using a modified rhyme test for intelligibility. The audiovisual speech animation was found to give higher intelligibility of isolated words than acoustic speech alone.
Correlational spectral clustering

We present a new method for spectral clustering with paired data based on kernel canonical correlation analysis, called correlational spectral clustering. Paired data are common in real world data sources, such as images with text captions. Traditional spectral clustering algorithms either assume that data can be represented by a single similarity measure, or by co-occurrence matrices that are then used in biclustering. In contrast, the proposed method uses separate similarity measures for each data representation, and allows for projection of previously unseen data that are only observed in one representation (e.g. images but not text). We show that this algorithm generalizes traditional spectral clustering algorithms and show consistent empirical improvement over spectral clustering on a variety of datasets of images with associated text.
LRscore for Evaluating Lexical and Reordering Quality in MT

The ability to measure the quality of word order in translations is an important goal for research in machine translation. Current machine translation metrics do not adequately measure the reordering performance of translation systems. We present a novel metric, the LRscore, which directly measures reordering success. The reordering component is balanced by a lexical metric. Capturing the two most important elements of translation success in a simple combined metric with only one parameter results in an intuitive, shallow, language independent metric.
Observation of atomic Wannier-Stark ladders in an accelerating optical potential.

We report observation of Wannier-Stark ladders with ultracold sodium atoms in an accelerating one-dimensional standing wave of light. Atoms are trapped in a far-detuned standing wave that is accelerated for a controlled duration. A small oscillatory component is added to the acceleration, and the fraction of trapped atoms is measured as a function of the oscillation frequency. Resonances are observed where the number of trapped atoms drops dramatically. The separation between resonant peaks is found to be proportional to the acceleration. We show that this resonant structure can also be understood as a temporal quantum interference effect. [S0031-9007(96)00369-9]
Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.

OBJECT Trigeminal neuralgia pain causes severe disability. Stereotactic radiosurgery is the least invasive surgical option for patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Since different medical and surgical options have different rates of pain relief and morbidity, it is important to evaluate longer-term outcomes. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed outcomes in 503 medically refractory patients with trigeminal neuralgia who underwent Gamma Knife surgery (GKS). The median patient age was 72 years (range 26-95 years). Prior surgery had failed in 205 patients (43%). The GKS typically was performed using MR imaging guidance, a single 4-mm isocenter, and a maximum dose of 80 Gy. RESULTS Patients were evaluated for up to 16 years after GKS; 107 patients had > 5 years of follow-up. Eighty-nine percent of patients achieved initial pain relief that was adequate or better, with or without medications (Barrow Neurological Institute [BNI] Scores I-IIIb). Significant pain relief (BNI Scores I-IIIa) was achieved in 73% at 1 year, 65% at 2 years, and 41% at 5 years. Including Score IIIb (pain adequately controlled with medication), a BNI score of I-IIIb was found in 80% at 1 year, 71% at 3 years, 46% at 5 years, and 30% at 10 years. A faster initial pain response including adequate and some pain relief was seen in patients with trigeminal neuralgia without additional symptoms, patients without prior surgery, and patients with a pain duration of < or = 3 years. One hundred ninety-three (43%) of 450 patients who achieved initial pain relief reported some recurrent pain 3-144 months after initial relief (median 50 months). Factors associated with earlier pain recurrence that failed to maintain adequate or some pain relief were trigeminal neuralgia with additional symptoms and > or = 3 prior failed surgical procedures. Fifty-three patients (10.5%) developed new or increased subjective facial paresthesias or numbness and 1 developed deafferentation pain; these symptoms resolved in 17 patients. Those who developed sensory loss had better long-term pain control (78% at 5 years). CONCLUSIONS Gamma Knife surgery proved to be safe and effective in the treatment of medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia and is of value for initial or recurrent pain management. Despite the goal of minimizing sensory loss with this procedure, some sensory loss may improve long-term outcomes. Pain relapse is amenable to additional GKS or another procedure.
New approach to detection of incipient slip using inductive sensory system

This paper presents a new methodology for detecting incipient slip for intelligent grasping. A new inductive sensor was designed and developed to achieve this task. A full description of the structure of the new sensor is included in this paper. The three elements required for a successful robotic grasping were examined using the newly designed sensor. These elements are incipient slip, grip force and contact area. The new design of the incipient slip detector is based on the summation of changes in mutual distance in all three primary inductors of a sensor element. This can be used to determine local or micro slip for a secure and optimal grasping. In addition this sensor can be also used to detect the applied force and determine the contact area between the object and the gripping device.
Temporal comparison of functional brain imaging with diffuse optical tomography and fMRI during rat forepaw stimulation

The time courses of oxyhaemoglobin ([HbO2]), deoxyhaemoglobin ([HbR]) and total haemoglobin ([HbT]) concentration changes following cortical activation in rats by electrical forepaw stimulation were measured using diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and compared to similar measurements performed previously with fMRI at 2.0 T and 4.7 T. We also explored the qualitative effects of varying stimulus parameters on the temporal evolution of the hemodynamic response. DOT images were reconstructed at a depth of 1.5 mm over a 1 cm square area from 2 mm anterior to bregma to 8 mm posterior to bregma. The measurement set included 9 sources and 16 detectors with an imaging frame rate of 10 Hz. Both DOT [HbR] and [HbO2] time courses were compared to the fMRI BOLD time course during stimulation, and the DOT [HbT] time course was compared to the fMRI cerebral plasma volume (CPV) time course. We believe that DOT and fMRI can provide similar temporal information for both blood volume and deoxyhaemoglobin changes, which helps to cross-validate these two techniques and to demonstrate that DOT can be useful as a complementary modality to fMRI for investigating the hemodynamic response to neuronal activity.
Unlocking the Karyological and Cytogenetic Diversity of Iris from Lebanon: Oncocyclus Section Shows a Distinctive Profile and Relative Stasis during Its Continental Radiation

Despite being an important target of conservation concern and horticultural interest, Lebanese irises yet have a confusing taxonomic history and species’ delimitation is often considered problematic, more especially among royal irises (Iris section Oncocyclus). Indeed, these irises of exceptionally large and spectacular flowers have radiated across Caucasus and eastern Mediterranean giving rise to a number of strict endemic taxa, many of them being considered under threat. Whilst efforts have mostly focused on clarifying the evolutionary relationships in the group based on morphological and molecular data, karyological and cytogenetic characters have been comparatively overlooked. In this study, we established for the first time the physical mapping of 35S rDNA loci and heterochromatin, and obtained karyo-morphological data for ten Lebanese Iris species belonging to four sections (Iris, Limniris, Oncocyclus and Scorpiris). Our results evidenced distinctive genomic profiles for each one of the sections, where Oncocyclus irises, while having the lowest chromosome numbers, exhibit both the highest number of 35S loci and CMA3+ sites. The continental radiation of royal irises has been accompanied by a relative karyological and cytogenetic stasis, even though some changes were observed regarding karyotype formula and asymmetry indexes. In addition to that, our results enabled taxonomic differentiation between I. germanica and I. mesopotamica–two taxa currently considered as synonyms–and highlighted the need for further studies on populations of I. persica and I. wallasiae in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.