Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic laparoscopy in female infertility

Objective: To highlight the importance of laparoscopic evaluation in the etiology of infertility and to evaluate the etiology in primary and secondary infertility. Methods: This retrospective study included 1233 patients complaining of infertility, 919 patients had primary infertility and 314 patients had secondary infertility. All had been subjected to diagnostic laparoscopy at the Infertility Center in Al-Batool Teaching Hospital, Mosul. Results: Laparoscopy diagnosed pelvic abnormality in 87.27% of infertile patients which was statistically significant difference comparing to no abnormality detected in 12.73%. The ratio of positive findings in secondary infertility was significant in comparison with the positive findings in primary infertility. Single pelvic abnormality detected during laparoscopy among infertility patients was seen in 75.09% of cases and it was statistically different from multiple pelvic abnormality: 24.91%, and it was highly significant among primary infertility patients (77.24%) and among secondary infertility patients (30.87%). Among all infertile patients, ovarian factor was the most common (66.83%) followed by tubal factor (22.03%), endometriosis (4.46%), pelvic inflammatory disease (2.85%), pelvic adhesion (2.10%) and uterine fibroid (1.73%). Ovarian factor was highly significant in primary infertility while tubal factor and pelvic inflammatory disease were the highly significant in secondary infertility. Multiple pelvic pathology identified by laparoscopy showed the tubal factors associated with poly cystic ovary in 29.49% of cases (31.66% in primary infertility and 25% in secondary infertility with no significant statistical difference). Pelvic inflammatory disease associated with other pelvic abnormality 34.09% was highly significant among secondary infertility patients. Congenital uterine abnormalities was not seen alone, it was seen associated with other causes among primary infertility patients (9 cases 0.72%). Conclusion: Diagnostic laparoscopy is a valuable technique and is a mandatory invasive investigation for complete assessment of female infertility before the couple progresses to infertility treatment especially where assisted reproductive techniques were not available.
Active prompting to decrease cell phone use and increase seat belt use while driving.

Automobile crashes are the leading cause of death for those aged 3 to 33, with 43,005 (118 per day) Americans killed in 2002 alone. Seat belt use reduces the risk of serious injury in an accident, and refraining from using a cell phone while driving reduces the risk of an accident. Cell phone use while driving increases accident rates, and leads to 2,600 U.S. fatalities each year. An active prompting procedure was employed to increase seat belt use and decrease cell phone use among drivers exiting a university parking lot. A multiple baseline with reversal design was used to evaluate the presentation of two signs: "Please Hang Up, I Care" and "Please Buckle Up, I Care. " The proportion of drivers who complied with the seat belt prompt was high and in line with previous research. The proportion of drivers who hung up their cell phones in response to the prompt was about equal to that of the seat belt prompt. A procedure that reduces cell phone use among automobile drivers is a significant contribution to the behavioral safety literature.
What is the long run growth rate of the East Asian Tigers?

New panel data estimates for the four East Asian Tigers show that the contribution of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) to growth is much higher than past estimates. An extended production function with learning by doing implies that TFP is about 3.5% and these countries will grow at this rate in the long-run.
Potential mechanism of enhanced postprandial glucagon‐like peptide‐1 release following treatment with a diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 inhibitor

Studies have demonstrated that blockade of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) leads to prolonged release of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) after meal challenge. The current study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of action underlying the elevated levels of GLP‐1 release following pharmacological inhibition of DGAT1. We utilized a potent, specific DGAT1 inhibitor, compound A, to investigate the changes in intestinal lipid profile in a mouse model after oral administration of the compound and challenge with tracer containing fatty meal. [13C18]‐oleic acid and LC‐MS were employed to trace the fate of dietary fatty acids provided as part of a meal challenge in lean mice. Lipid profiles in plasma, proximal to distal segments of intestine, and feces were evaluated at various times following the meal challenge to study the kinetics of fatty acid absorption, synthesis into complex lipids, and excretion. Pharmacological inhibition of DGAT1 led to reduction of postprandial total and newly synthesized triglyceride (TG) excursion and significant increases in TG and FFA levels in the distal portion of intestine enriched with enteroendocrine L cells. Enhanced levels of FFA and cholesteryl ester were observed via fecal fat profiling. DGAT1 inhibition leads to enhancement of carbon flow to the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine within the intestine. DGAT1 inhibition markedly increases levels of TG and FFA in the distal intestine, which could be the predominant contributor to the prolonged and enhanced postprandial GLP‐1 release. Inactivation of DGAT1 could provide potential benefit in the treatment of dysmetabolic diseases.
Fixpoint semantics and optimization of recursive Datalog programs with aggregates*

Abstract A very desirable Datalog extension investigated by many researchers in the last 30 years consists in allowing the use of the basic SQL aggregates min, max, count and sum in recursive rules. In this paper, we propose a simple comprehensive solution that extends the declarative least-fixpoint semantics of Horn Clauses, along with the optimization techniques used in the bottom-up implementation approach adopted by many Datalog systems. We start by identifying a large class of programs of great practical interest in which the use of min or max in recursive rules does not compromise the declarative fixpoint semantics of the programs using those rules. Then, we revisit the monotonic versions of count and sum aggregates proposed by Mazuran et al. (2013b, The VLDB Journal 22, 4, 471–493) and named, respectively, mcount and msum. Since mcount, and also msum on positive numbers, are monotonic in the lattice of set-containment, they preserve the fixpoint semantics of Horn Clauses. However, in many applications of practical interest, their use can lead to inefficiencies, that can be eliminated by combining them with max, whereby mcount and msum become the standard count and sum. Therefore, the semantics and optimization techniques of Datalog are extended to recursive programs with min, max, count and sum, making possible the advanced applications of superior performance and scalability demonstrated by BigDatalog (Shkapsky et al. 2016. In SIGMOD. ACM, 1135–1149) and Datalog-MC (Yang et al. 2017. The VLDB Journal 26, 2, 229–248).
The effects of implementation intentions on volunteer firefighter exercise behavior: A randomized controlled study

Approved: ___________________________ __________________________ Kerstin E. E. Schroder, Ph.D. Scott Bates, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member ___________________________ _________________________ M. Scott DeBerard, Ph.D. Christopher Johnson, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member ___________________________ __________________________ Edward M. Heath, Ph.D. Byron R. Burnham, Ed.D. Committee Member Dean of Graduate Studies
Using time-frequency features to recognize abnormal heart sounds

Disease of the heart accounts for 6% of all death. Heart sound is a routine in physical examination clinically, and is sensitive in detecting a subset of heart diseases. In the current study, we build up a model to classify heart sounds for preclinical screening. Heart sounds are recorded under uncontrolled environment, and each sample can range from 5 to 120 seconds. This is a work raised by annual PhysioNet/CinC Challenge. Because of timing and tonic natures of heart events, we used time-frequency features to classify heart sounds in this study. Firstly, each heard sound recording was segmented into cycles using Springer's improved version of Schmidt's method. Each cardiac cycle was cut into 10 partitions and data points were obtained by zero-padding in each partition. Spectral features were extracted from each partition using fast-Fourier Transform (FFT) thus a 3,500 feature matrix was created. Using filter method, 40 features were selected for the final classifier. The average feature matrix of each cycle was then applied to a classification system using 2-means clustering and artificial neural network (ANN). By clustering the unsure class was recognized. The discrimination of normal and abnormal heart sound were performed by a well-trained ANN model. The results showed that our proposed method got a performance with an accuracy 86.5%, a sensitivity 84.4%, a specificity 86.9%. Here we show that classifying abnormal heart sound is a really difficult task due to the heterogeneity of “abnormal events” and intra-sample deviation.
UV-B Induced Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species Promotes Formation of BFA-Induced Compartments in Cells of Arabidopsis Root Apices

UV-B radiation is an important part of the electromagnetic spectrum emitted by the sun. For much of the period of biological evolution organisms have been exposed to UV radiation, and have developed diverse mechanisms to cope with this potential stress factor. Roots are usually shielded from exposure to UV by the surrounding soil, but may nevertheless be exposed to high energy radiation on the soil surface. Due to their high sensitivity to UV-B radiation, plant roots need to respond rapidly in order to minimize exposure on the surface. In addition to root gravitropism, effective light perception by roots has recently been discovered to be essential for triggering negative root phototropism in Arabidopsis. However, it is not fully understood how UV-B affects root growth and phototropism. Here, we report that UV-B induces rapid generation of reactive oxygen species which in turn promotes the formation of BFA-induced compartments in the Arabidopsis root apex. During unilateral UV-B irradiation of roots changes in auxin concentration on the illuminated side have been recorded. In conclusion, UV-B-induced and ROS-mediated stimulation of vesicle recycling promotes root growth and induces negative phototropism.
The Forgotten and the Future: Reclaiming Back Alleys for a Sustainable City

Alleys are enigmatic, neglected features of the urban fabric. In this paper we explore the distribution, physical features, activity patterns, and resident perceptions of alleys in one major US city, Los Angeles, California. We do so through an integrated mixed-methods strategy involving participatory research with community-based organizations, spatial analysis, physical audits and behavioral observation of alleys, and focus groups. Results show that most alleys in Los Angeles are underutilized and walkable, quiet, and clean, although they can be, and are often perceived as, dirty and unsafe. Alley density is greatest in park-poor, low-income Latino and African-American neighborhoods. Alleys represent unrealized community assets that could be transformed by urban planners and managers into ‘green infrastructure’ to simultaneously offer multiple ecological, economic, and social benefits—including urban walkability and mobility, play space and green cover, biodiversity conservation, and urban runoff infiltration—and thereby to contribute to a more sustainable urbanism.
Testing a Multigene Signature of Prostate Cancer Death in the Swedish Watchful Waiting Cohort

Although prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, most men die with and not from their disease, underscoring the urgency to distinguish potentially lethal from indolent prostate cancer. We tested the prognostic value of a previously identified multigene signature of prostate cancer progression to predict cancer-specific death. The Örebro Watchful Waiting Cohort included 172 men with localized prostate cancer of whom 40 died of prostate cancer. We quantified protein expression of the markers in tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry and stratified the cohort by quintiles according to risk classification. We accounted for clinical variables (age, Gleason, nuclear grade, and tumor volume) using Cox regression and calculated receiver operator curves to compare discriminatory ability. The hazard ratio of prostate cancer death increased with increasing risk classification by the multigene model, with a 16-fold greater risk comparing highest-risk versus lowest-risk strata, and predicted outcome independent of clinical factors (P = 0.002). The best discrimination came from combining information from the multigene markers and clinical data, which perfectly classified the lowest-risk stratum where no one developed lethal disease; using the two lowest-risk groups as reference, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 11.3 (4.0-32.8) for the highest-risk group and difference in mortality at 15 years was 60% (50-70%). The combined model provided greater discriminatory ability (area under the curve = 0.78) than the clinical model alone (area under the curve = 0.71; P = 0.04). Molecular tumor markers can add to clinical variables to help distinguish lethal and indolent prostate cancer and hold promise to guide treatment decisions. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(7):1682–8)
Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis in Low-Weight Neonates with Robin Sequence: Is It Safe?

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety profile, and complications associated with mandibular distraction osteogenesis performed in infants weighing less than 4 kg with Robin sequence. Methods: An 11-year retrospective review of all infants (younger than 6 months) with mandibular distraction osteogenesis–treated Robin sequence was performed. Patients weighing less than 4 kg (experimental) and 4 kg or more (control) who underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis were compared. Demographics, medical comorbidities, improvement in apnea/hypopnea index, need for tracheostomy, repeated distraction, and complications were evaluated. Results: One hundred twenty-one patients underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Eighty-one patients weighed less than 4 kg and 40 weighed 4 kg or more. The mean follow-up was 2.8 years in patients weighing less than 4 kg and 3.0 years in the control group. Mean age and weight at the time of distraction were 23 days and 3.1 kg, respectively, in the study group; and 2.7 years and 11 kg, respectively, in the control group. There was no significant difference in success of mandibular distraction osteogenesis to treat airway obstruction in the group weighing less than 4 kg compared with the control group (92.6 percent versus 88.9 percent; p = 0.49). The most common complication in each group was surgical-site infection (9.9 percent and 20.0 percent; p = 0.15). Overall complication rates were similar between the two groups (17.3 percent versus 25.0 percent; p = 0.34). The rates of repeated distraction were similar between the two groups (6.3 percent and 13.5 percent; p = 0.28). Conclusions: Mandibular distraction osteogenesis is a safe and effective treatment modality for infants weighing less than 4 kg with severe airway obstruction. The efficacy, safety, and complication profiles are not significantly different from those of larger patients. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.
Up-Regulation and Activation of Eosinophil Integrins in Blood and Airway after Segmental Lung Antigen Challenge1

We hypothesized that there are clinically relevant differences in eosinophil integrin expression and activation in patients with asthma. To evaluate this, surface densities and activation states of integrins on eosinophils in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of 19 asthmatic subjects were studied before and 48 h after segmental Ag challenge. At 48 h, there was increased expression of αD and the N29 epitope of activated β1 integrins on blood eosinophils and of αM, β2, and the mAb24 epitope of activated β2 integrins on airway eosinophils. Changes correlated with the late-phase fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) after whole-lung inhalation of the Ag that was subsequently used in segmental challenge and were greater in subjects defined as dual responders. Increased surface densities of αM and β2 and activation of β2 on airway eosinophils correlated with the concentration of IL-5 in BAL fluid. Activation of β1 and β2 on airway eosinophils correlated with eosinophil percentage in BAL. Thus, eosinophils respond to an allergic stimulus by activation of integrins in a sequence that likely promotes eosinophilic inflammation of the airway. Before challenge, β1 and β2 integrins of circulating eosinophils are in low-activation conformations and αDβ2 surface expression is low. After Ag challenge, circulating eosinophils adopt a phenotype with activated β1 integrins and up-regulated αDβ2, changes that are predicted to facilitate eosinophil arrest on VCAM-1 in bronchial vessels. Finally, eosinophils present in IL-5-rich airway fluid have a hyperadhesive phenotype associated with increased surface expression of αMβ2 and activation of β2 integrins.
How 'How' Reflects What's What: Content-based Exploitation of How Users Frame Social Images

In this paper, we introduce the concept of intentional framing, defined as the sum of the choices that a photographer makes on how to portray the subject matter of an image. We carry out analysis experiments that demonstrate the existence of a correspondence between image similarity that is calculated automatically on the basis of global feature representations, and image similarity that is perceived by humans at the level of intentional frames. Intentional framing has profound implications: The existence of a fundamental image-interpretation principle that explains the importance of global representations in capturing human-perceived image semantics reaches beyond currently dominant assumptions in multimedia research. The ability of fast global-feature approaches to compete with more `sophisticated' approaches, which are computationally more complex, is demonstrated using a simple search method (SimSea) to classify a large (2M) collection of social images by tag class. In short, intentional framing provides a principled connection between human interpretations of images and lightweight, fast image processing methods. Moving forward, it is critical that the community explicitly exploits such approaches, as the social image collections that we tackle, continue to grow larger.
Combination rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment refractory depression

High frequency (>1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the left prefrontal cortex and low frequency (≤1 Hz) rTMS applied to the right prefrontal cortex have shown antidepressant effects. However, the clinical significance of these effects has often been modest. It was hypothesized that a combination of these two techniques might act synergistically and result in more clinically relevant antidepressant effects. Sixty-two subjects with treatment-resistant major depression (an average of 8 failed medication trials) were randomized to receive combination right low frequency (1 Hz)/left high frequency (10 Hz) rTMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 110% of the motor threshold vs sham rTMS. Subjects were treated for 2 weeks (10 weekday sessions) and received 1600 stimulations during each treatment session. Subjects receiving combination treatment were further randomized to receive different orders of treatment: right low frequency first (Slow Right) vs left high frequency first (Fast Left). There were no statistical differences in the active vs sham treatment arms in the primary outcome variable, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). However compared with subjects in the Sham and Slow Right arms, there was a trend for subjects in the Fast Left arm to show improvement in the HDRS, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Brief Psychotic Rating Scale with increased number of treatments. The Fast Left arm also showed significant improvement in both blinded clinician and self-ratings of global improvement. These differences were hypothesized to be due to the decreased number of failed medication trials for subjects in Fast Left arm. Neuropsychological performance was not significantly different between the sham and active rTMS arms. Future studies should increase the number of treatment sessions and focus on subjects with moderate treatment resistance.
Demonstration of a narrow energy spread, ∼0.5  GeV electron beam from a two-stage laser wakefield accelerator.

Laser wakefield acceleration of electrons holds great promise for producing ultracompact stages of GeV scale, high-quality electron beams for applications such as x-ray free electron lasers and high-energy colliders. Ultrahigh intensity laser pulses can be self-guided by relativistic plasma waves (the wake) over tens of vacuum diffraction lengths, to give >1 GeV energy in centimeter-scale low density plasmas using ionization-induced injection to inject charge into the wake even at low densities. By restricting electron injection to a distinct short region, the injector stage, energetic electron beams (of the order of 100 MeV) with a relatively large energy spread are generated. Some of these electrons are then further accelerated by a second, longer accelerator stage, which increases their energy to ∼0.5 GeV while reducing the relative energy spread to <5% FWHM.
Multifidus EMG and Tension–Relaxation Recovery After Prolonged Static Lumbar Flexion

Study Design. The electromyogram (EMG) from the in vivo feline L1 to the L7 multifidus was recorded during the application of a 20-minute static lumbar flexion and after 7 hours of rest. Objective. To determine the recovery of tension–relaxation and laxity in the lumbar viscoelastic structures as well as the recovery of reflexive EMG activity in the multifidus after prolonged static flexion. Summary of Background. It has been established that prolonged static flexion of the spine induces creep or tension–relaxation in its viscoelastic structures as well as a sharp decrease in the reflexive activity of the dorsal musculature and initiation of spasms. Epidemiologic studies have pointed out that such static flexion is associated with unusually high rates of low back disorders. The rate and pattern of recovery of reflexive muscular activity with rest after static flexion is still unknown. Methods. The lumbar spines of seven in vivo feline preparations were subjected to 20 minutes of passive anterior flexion followed by 7 hours of rest while monitoring flexion tension, EMG from the L1–L7 multifidus muscles, and the strain of the L4/L5 supraspinal ligament. A model describing the pattern of recovery of muscular activity and viscoelastic tension was developed. Results. Twenty minutes of lumbar flexion was associated with an initial sharp decrease of multifidus EMG activity followed by spasms. During rest, EMG activity demonstrated an initial hyperexcitability on flexion, followed by an exponential recovery of muscle activity. Full recovery of residual strain in the L4/L5 supraspinous ligament and multifidus activity was not obtained after 7 hours of rest. Conclusions. Static flexion of the lumbar spine is an extremely imposing function on its viscoelastic tissues, resulting in spasms and requiring long periods of rest before normal functions are re-established.