Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PASAP: Power aware structured ASIC placement

Structured ASICs provide an exciting middle ground between FPGA and ASIC design methodologies. Compared to ASIC, structured ASIC based designs require lower non recurring engineering (NRE) costs and turn-around-time but suffer from higher power consumption and lower performance. Power reduction for structured ASICs uses extensive clock and supply power-down of unused circuitry and use of low power devices. However, due to the limited granularity of power-down, physical design (specially placement) should be performed to maximize the components that can be powered down. In this paper, we present the first placement algorithm to specifically target this problem. Our tool, PASAP (Power Aware Structured ASIC Placement), minimizes the clock and leakage power by maximizing the fraction of the structured ASIC that can be powered down or disconnected from clock tree. On a set of large benchmark designs, PASAP reduces clock and leakage power by 32% and 17% respectively compared to prior structured ASIC placement tool RegPlace [1] incurring 17% penalty in wirelength and 30% longer runtime.
A Radiological Comparison of Anterior Fusion Rates in Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Aim To compare anterior fusion in standalone anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) using cage and screw constructs and anterior cage–alone constructs with posterior pedicle screw supplementation but without posterior fusion. Methods Eighty-five patients underwent single- or two-level ALIF procedure for degenerative disk disease or lytic spondylolisthesis (SPL). Posterior instrumentation was performed without posterior fusion in all cases of lytic SPL and when the anterior cage used did not have anterior screw through cage fixation. Results Seventy (82%) patients had adequate radiological follow-up at a mean of 19 months. Forty patients had anterior surgery alone (24 single level and 16 two levels) and 30 had front-back surgery (15 single level and 15 two levels). Anterior locked pseudarthrosis was only seen in the anterior surgery–alone group when using the STALIF cage (Surgicraft, Worcestershire, UK) (37 patients). This occurred in five of the single-level surgeries (5/22) and nine of the two-level surgeries (9/15). Fusion was achieved in 100% of the front-back group and only 65% (26/40) of the anterior surgery–alone group. Conclusion Posterior pedicle screw supplementation without posterolateral fusion improves the fusion rate of ALIF when using anterior cage and screw constructs. We would recommend supplementary posterior fixation especially in cases where more than one level is being operated.
The Economic Value of Celebrity Endorsements

ABSTRACT What is the pay-off to enlisting celebrity endorsers? Although effects on stock returns are relatively well documented, little is known about any impact on sales—arguably a metric of more direct importance to advertising practitioners. This study of athlete endorsements finds there is a positive pay-off to a firm's decision to sign an endorser, and that endorsements are associated with increasing sales in an absolute sense and relative to competing brands. Furthermore, sales and stock returns jump noticeably with each major achievement by the athlete. However, whereas stock-return effects are relatively constant, sales effects exhibit decreasing returns over time. Implications for practitioners are outlined.
Developing national systems of innovation : university-industry interactions in the global South

Interactions between firms and universities are key building blocks of innovation systems. With a focus on developing countries, this book presents novel comparative research spanning three continents. The result is a more universal and dynamic view of the shaping and reshaping of interactions between firms and universities within different countries in various stages of development. Through expert contributions, a combination of empirical investigations and theoretical discussion is presented, existing studies on innovation systems are quantified and further avenues of research suggested. Readers will establish a more universal understanding of the vibrant relationship between firms and universities, and how this effects innovation for the future. Scholars of innovation, evolutionary economics, science and technology studies, and development studies will find the original research to be of great value. This book will also appeal to public research organizations and policy makers.
Adaptive E-Learning for Data Encoding and Computer Networks based on Learner's Styles

In this paper, a new model for adaptive e-learning based on learner's styles is presented. In the previous work, the dimensions of learner's styles given by Felder-Silverman did not consider some important issues of the learner himself. Here, new learner's parameters such as his social environment, health conditions, psychological and economical states are taken into account. Such parameters greatly affect the ability of student to learn and understand. Therefore, in order to perfectly recognize the ability of the student to be interactive in the leaning environment and accept information, new learner's styles are added to the dimensions of Felder-Silverman learning style model and our previous work [24]. The new proposed model is applied for logic gates and functions used in data encoding and computer networks. Such model presents suitable courses for each student in a dynamic and adaptive manner using existing database and workflow technologies. Furthermore, it is powerful, user friendly and easy to interpret. Moreover, it suggests a learning strategy and appropriate electronic media that match the learner’s preference.
Market Gardening as a Livelihood Strategy: a Case Study of Rural-Urban Migrants in Kapit, Sarawak, Malaysia

This research investigates the role market gardening plays in the livelihood strategies of rural-urban migrants. It contributes to the literature on market gardening, livelihood strategies and migration by positioning market gardening as a highly flexible and adaptable mechanism for managing the rural-urban transition among households with few labour alternatives. Such perspective elevates market gardening from simply being a land use category to being an active instrument in the management of rural-urban migration processes. The expanding urban centre of Kapit, Sarawak, Malaysia is used as a case study of a rapidly expanding small town in a predominantly rural domain. Market gardening emerges as an important source of income for both individuals and households as rural-urban migrants negotiate the transition between farming and urban settlement. Many rural-urban migrants adopt market gardening or associated market selling as their first employment in urban centres. First generation migrants often have low off-farm skills which limit their ability to take on alternative occupations. While a rise in market gardening activity is enabled by a growth in demand for fresh vegetables, in the context of Sarawak it is also heavily influenced by the involvement of the state that actively encourages participation, provides advice to farmers and offers subsidies. The expansion of roads from rural to urban areas also plays an important role in improving market gardeners access to urban markets, as well as their access to material inputs. At the same time, increased access has heightened competition by attracting new entrants to urban vegetable markets. Interviews with 10 sellers and 30 market gardeners from Kapit were conducted in 2004. In contrast to market gardening in larger centres documented in the literature, this small isolated town case identifies market gardeners as typically middle-aged, rural-urban migrant women with limited education and employment skills other than subsistence farming. Market gardening and associated selling is adopted because they are unable to acquire alternative employment to support their household and children’s education. As such, market gardening in the urban setting is a logical extension of the woman’s role as the primary farmer in rural areas.
How Independent are Belgian Regulators?

In this paper we attempt to analyse the independence of five Belgian regulatory agencies. In the theoretical part we cover the existing literature and find that independence is frequently used as a proxy for credibility. In the empirical part we use the framework constructed by Johannsen (2004) to measure the independence of Belgian regulatory agencies. In this framework four aspects of independence are identified and quantified leading to an overall independence index. Using legal analysis this framework is applied to the Belgian situation. We find that the independence of the Belgian financial regulator is very high, while the railway regulator is lacking most features of independence. The other regulators' score (the competition authority, the energy and telecommunications regulators) is somewhere in between. The overall picture is one of inconsistency.
TTESTING ABSOLUTE PPP HYPOTHESIS FOR TWENTY COUNTRIES THROUGH THE SKELETON FROM A SETAR MODEL: SOME NEW EVIDENCE

In this study, the long run PPP hypothesis was tested considering real effective exchange rate dataset for twenty countries provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). By focusing on a nonlinear approach, the study tests IMF monthly dataset for specific nonlinearity. Additionally, the study presents a method to estimate the value that real exchange rate may converge in the long run. Linear and nonlinear cases were distinguished by the Hansen’s test. The Self-Exciting Threshold Autoregressive (Setar) model was applied to estimate potential thresholds to indicate the states turning points of the countries competitiveness. Results suggest that real exchange rate for thirteen countries are highly nonlinear and subjected to regime switching. The asymptotic stability analysis guarantees the data stationarity behavior. Absolute PPP hypothesis was supported in five out of thirteen cases. In these few cases the real exchange rate converges to a stable equilibrium not far from the value predicted by the PPP hypothesis.
The Voice Capacity of WiFi for Best Effort and Prioritized Traffic

—Crucial to supporting voice over 802.11b is the knowledge of voice capacity (N c) of a single Access Point. This paper provides an analytical formulation of N c in the case where all traffic in the network is voice. Our formulation, which can apply to a range of voice codec specifications, are verified by detailed simulations. We also investigate how to deliver, within the 802.11b standard, priority service to voice in the presence of best effort background traffic. It is known that the voice capacity degrades very quickly in the presence of other traffic sources if all packets are treated as best effort. Using an experimental deployment in which all voice packets are prioritized by having their channel back-off times set to zero, we determine the rate of the best effort background traffic below which our analytical formulation of voice-only capacity remains useful. I. INTRODUCTION IRELESS local area networks have been widely and rapidly deployed, both in public spaces (airports, campuses, etc.,) and in the home networking environment. The most common protocol run over these networks is that based on the IEEE 802.11b standard [6], commonly known as WiFi. Services and applications running over WiFi are evolving from time-insensitive data applications to time-sensitive real-time applications. In particular, VoIP (Voice over IP) is anticipated to be widely deployed over WiFi in the next few years.
A Computational Model of Emotional Conditioning in the Brain

We describe work in progress with the aim of constructing a computational model of emotional learning and processing inspired by neurophysiological findings. The main areas modelled are the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex and the interaction between them. We want to show that (1) there exists enough physiological data to suggest the overall architecture of a computational model, (2) emotion plays a clear role in learning and behavior.
A case study of interagency coordination in child protection services

This thesis is a case study of coordination policies and practices in child protection services. The study is an exploratory, descriptive account of the processes and outputs of interagency coordination rather than a hypothesis-testing study or an evaluation of the outcomes of coordination. It is based on empirical research undertaken in two research sites in the north of England. The principal data sources used in the research were: an analysis of the social services departmental case records relating to a sample of 48 children on child protection registers for physical or sexual abuse; interviews with 90 professionals (social workers, teachers, community nurses, police officers, doctors and others), drawn from a sub-sample of the 48 cases; a questionnaire issued to those interviewed and selected others, completed by 81 respondents; and analysis of central government guidance, local interagency procedures and other documents. In Chapter One of the thesis, selected topics in the literature on interagency coordination and the policy background to the study are reviewed. The research methods used and the characteristics of the case sample and the interview and questionnaire respondents are presented in Chapter Two. The principal research findings are presented in Chapters Three to Eleven covering three main topics: i) interagency coordination in the key phases of a case career (namely referral, initial investigation, medical assessment, case conferences, child protection plans and intervention, monitoring and review) ii) an examination of local interagency procedures and the role of Area Child Protection Committees and iii) the perceptions and experiences of respondents concerning interagency work. The thesis concludes that there is a high degree of routinised coordination with a relatively clear division of labour in child protection services; that coordination involves principally the exchange of information, arranging for the sequential and separate performance of key tasks and some limited shared decision-making but that there is little joint hands-on collaboration; that interagency activity peaks in the early phases of the construction of a case and diminishes thereafter; that the implementation of policy guidance may be seen as relatively successful and that there is some support for the idea that interagency coordination strategies tend towards conservatism.
Facing the Development Challenge in Mozambique: An Economywide Perspective

"Following Mozambique's economic collapse in 1986, the country began a wide-ranging process of reform, with the support of the international community. The diagnosis was of an economy that failed to maintain monetary control, consumed beyond its means, focused production excessively on nontraded goods, and relied on inefficient and inflexible microeconomic structures. Nevertheless, Mozambique was also at war. The pace of stabilization and structural adjustment quickened after 1992, when, concurrent with the demise of apartheid, civil strife finally came to an end. After more than 10 years of adjustment, the reform program has now been essentially implemented. Yet, this does not imply, as shown in this study, that sufficient conditions for sustained economic development are in place. Mozambique remains very poor, and even under highly optimistic assumptions about the future, the development process is set to last for decades. This report attempts to respond to some of the basic development challenges facing Mozambique and to provide both qualitative and quantitative insights for policymaking in the years to come. Throughout, the issues addressed are approached from an economywide perspective . Finally, this study aims to demonstrate that sophisticated analytical tools can be of significant value, even in “data-poor” situations. The need for a clear perspective and in-depth understanding of the socioeconomic complexities of the country in question stands out. However, while the analyses in this report are Mozambique specific, the basic analytical approach is replicable and could be brought to bear on other countries both within and outside Africa. " From Authors' Introduction.
Problems Faced by Reform Oriented Novice Mathematics Teachers Utilizing a Traditional Curriculum

Problems Faced by Reform Oriented Novice Mathematics Teachers Utilizing a Traditional Curriculum Tyler Joseph Winiecke Department of Mathematics Education, BYU Master of Arts Task-based instruction has been a promising method of instruction advocated by mathematics education researchers over the past twenty years. However traditional curricula constitute a majority of the curricula utilized in the United States. The purpose of this study is to identify the problems reform oriented novice teachers face when utilizing a traditional curriculum to plan task-based lessons. In order to identify these problems three novice teachers’ interactions with curricula were observed and characterized using the frameworks of past researchers. Through analysis of teachers’ textbook interaction practices it was found that teachers struggled to plan task-based lessons due to issues encountered finding/constructing mathematical tasks, and due to problems associated with being naturally oriented toward procedures while utilizing a traditional curriculum.
30-Second Politics: Political Advertising in the Eighties

Introduction: Has Political Advertising Changed Since 1972? Schools of Consulting: The Responsive Chord Revisited Issues in Televised Ads and News Hope, Pride, Reassurance and Trust: Decoding the Cues in Emotional Appeals Negative Advertising and Affect: The Soft and Hard Sell Democrats Reach for the Presidency: 1984 and Yet More Enduring Lessons The Hunt-Helms Senate Race: Finding What Works in a Negative Campaign Theory and House Practice: Ad Campaigns in the Heartland To Make a House Race Competitive: Ads in Southern Political Cultures Conclusion: The New Mass Media Election Bibliography Index
Semantic compaction, transmission, and compression codes

In Bell Syst. Tech. J., 1948, Shannon wrote: "The semantic aspects of communication are irrelevant to the engineering problem. " Indeed Shannon demonstrated that the information that is generated by a source depends only on the statistics of the source, and not on the meaning of the source output. By contrast with this we investigate here whether in a compaction system the codewords can be meaningful just like the source output sequences. We require the codeword to be close to the source sequence for some given distortion measure. For so-called semantic compaction systems we determine the fundamental limits for the i.i. d. case. Moreover we consider semantic transmission systems. These systems have the property that the codewords, i.e. the channel input sequences, are close to the source sequence. Finally we investigate semantic compression. A semantic compression system is actually a vector quantizer for which the codeword, i.e. the index to the reproduction vector, resembles the source sequence. Also for semantic transmission and semantic compression we determine the fundamental limits for the i.i. d. case
Strained-layer InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs lasers grown by molecular beam epitaxy for high-speed modulation

A study of strained InGaAs quantum wells grown on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy was performed in order to optimize the growth conditions for strained-layer single- and multiple-quantum-well lasers. Photoluminescence of the quantum wells shows a rapid degradation in material quality as the substrate temperature is reduced below 500 degrees C. Single-quantum-well (SQW) laser structures contain a 55 AA 35% InGaAs quantum well, while multiple-quantum-well (MQW) lasers contain four 25% or 35% InAs mole fraction 55 AA quantum wells. The 35% SQW lasers emit at 1.06 mu m, while the 25% InGaAs MQW lasers emit at 1.07 mu m. The SQW lasers have threshold current densities as low as 83 A/cm/sup 2/ for 150*1000 mu m devices. Microwave modulation bandwidths increase with an increasing In mole fraction and number of quantum wells, as predicted by theory. A differential gain of 5.0*10/sup -15/ cm/sup 2/ is calculated from the microwave response measurements for the 35% MQW devices. >
Cameras in the Courtroom: Television and the Pursuit of Justice

Acknowledgments Preface One: The Simpson Legacy Two: Cameras Through the Years Three: Is the Televised Trial a Fair Trial? Four: Does a "Public Trial" Mean a Televised Trial? Five: Do Cameras Change the Process? Six: Two Trials: Trial by Jury and the Court of Public Opinion Seven: States' Rights Eight: The Federal Case Nine: Court TV Ten: Some Camera (and Trial) Saving Alternatives Eleven: Cameras-- Now and in the Future List of Persons Interviewed Chapter Notes Index.
Interferon-induced differentiation of U937 cells. Comparison with other agents that promote differentiation of human myeloid or monocytelike cell lines.

Effects of human fibroblast (beta) or leukocyte (alpha) interferon (IFN) on differentiations of a human histiocytic lymphoma-derived cell line (U937) or promyelocytic leukemia-derived cell line (HL-60) were studied. When cultured with beta-IFN (400-1,000 U/ml), U937 cells showed gross morphologic and microscopic changes consisting of clumping, increased cytoplasmic-to-nuclear ratio, enhanced prominence of cytoplasmic granules, and membrane ruffling. After culture with beta-IFN, the number of U937 cells reactive with B43.4. 1 monoclonal antibody, which is specific for human monocytes, natural killer cells, and neutrophils, increased from less than 10% of U937 cells to 47% beta-IFN treatment also enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against chicken erythrocytes by U937 cells. The same morphologic, phenotypic, and functional changes were also observed when U937 were treated with recombinant or natural alpha-IFN. The effects of alpha-IFN were totally abolished by anti-alpha-IFN serum. In contrast, HL-60, which differentiates toward cells of the monocyte lineage in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (based on the above criteria), and toward granulocytes in response to dimethyl sulfoxide, did not differentiate when cultured with alpha- or beta-IFN. No consistent relationship between induction of differentiation and changes in phospholipid methylation were observed.
Biped Walking with Variable ZMP, Frictional Constraint, and Inverted Pendulum Model

In this paper, characteristics of dynamic biped walking is discussed. With ZMP (zero moment point) concept, frictional constraint, and inverted pendulum model, stable biped walking condition is given out. With this, biped walking is separated into initial acceleration, double support, deceleration, and acceleration phases; consequently, the nature that biped walking is in fact a continuous acceleration and deceleration motion is revealed. The motion characteristics such as walking velocity, walking time and stride, and their constraint conditions are investigated. The approach for adjusting walking velocity by controlling landing point is naturally developed. Two walking patterns of fixed ZMP case and variable ZMP case are discussed in detail and their characteristics are summarized. The motion planning is also presented based on the discussed motion constraints and numerical example is given out. Experiment with fixed ZMP walking pattern is implemented. The analyzing and planning approach used in this paper is expected to extend to analyze the motion of running and jumping robot