Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between peer victimization, cyberbullying, and suicide in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis.

IMPORTANCE Peer victimization is related to an increased chance of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between peer victimization and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts using meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched for articles from 1910 to 2013. The search terms were bully*, teas*, victim*, mobbing, ragging, and harassment in combination with the term suic*. Of the 491 studies identified, 34 reported on the relationship between peer victimization and suicidal ideation, with a total of 284,375 participants. Nine studies reported on the relationship between peer victimization and suicide attempts, with a total of 70,102 participants. STUDY SELECTION Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported an effect size on the relationship between peer victimization and suicidal ideation or suicide attempt in children or adolescents. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two observers independently coded the effect sizes from the articles. Data were pooled using a random effects model. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES This study focused on suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Peer victimization was hypothesized to be related to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. RESULTS Peer victimization was found to be related to both suicidal ideation (odds ratio, 2.23 [95% CI, 2.10-2.37]) and suicide attempts (2.55 [1.95 -3.34]) among children and adolescents. Analyses indicated that these results were not attributable to publication bias. Results were not moderated by sex, age, or study quality. Cyberbullying was more strongly related to suicidal ideation compared with traditional bullying. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Peer victimization is a risk factor for child and adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts. Schools should use evidence-based practices to reduce bullying.
Construção e validação fatorial da Escala de Caracterização do Burnout (ECB)

Construction and factorial validation of the Burnout Characterization Scale (ECB). This paper presents the development of the Burnout Characterization Scale (ECB). In the first study, 375 nurses and teachers answered the 77 items initial version of the ECB. Factor analysis revealed the factors Emotional Exhaustion (Alpha = 0.94); Dehumanization (Alpha = 0.88), Personal Achievement (Alpha = 0.76) and Disappointment in the Work (Alpha = 0.80). In the second study, 787 members of the police force answered the second 46 items version of the ECB. Factor analysis results showed the same three factors revealed in the first study: Emotional Exhaustion (Alpha = 0.93); Dehumanization (Alpha = 0.84) and Disappointment in the Work (Alpha = 0.90). The items of the factor Personal Achievement found in the first study were included in the factor Disappointment in the Work. The ECB’s final version has 35 items. The factor Emotional Exhaustion had the greatest internal consistency. The internal consistencies of the two other factors were greater than the ones found in other measures of burnout.
PENGARUH RELIGIUSITAS TERHADAP ETIKA BERBISNIS (Studi pada RM. Padang di Kota Malang)

The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of religiousity to ethics of business in the RM. Padang in Malang. This type of research was the survey. The population was the owners of RM. Pa-dang in Malang and the sampling technique was simple random sampling. This research used multiple re-gression linear method. The result indicated that simultaneously all independent variables had a positive and significant effect to dependent variable. Partially, ritual/syari’ah and consequential/akhlaq dimension had a positive and significant effect to ethics of business. Ideology and Intelectual dimension did not have a positive and significant effect to ethic of business. The most dominant dimensions of religiousity that influenced busi-ness ethics was the consequential/akhlaq.
Ultrastructural organization of yeast chromatin

The ultrastructural organization of yeast chromatin was examined in Miller spread preparations of samples prepared from spheroplasts or isolated nuclei of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Micrographs from preparations dispersed in 1 mM Tris (pH 7.2) illustrate that the basic chromatin fiber in yeast exists in two ultrastructurally distinct conformations. The majority (up to 95%) of the chromatin displays a beaded nucleosomal organization, although adjacent nucleosomes are separated by internucleosomal linkers of variable lengths. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) fibrils are only occasionally associated with chromatin displaying the conformation. The remaining 5-10% of the chromatin appears to be devoid of discrete nucleosomes and has a smooth contour with a fiber diameter of 30-40 A. Transcriptional units, including putative ribosomal precursor RNA genes, defined by the presence of nascent RNP fibrils are restricted to chromatin displaying this smooth morphology. Chromatin released from nuclei in the presence of 5 mM Mg++ displays higher-order chromatin fibers, 200-300 A in diameter, these fibers appear to be arranged in a manner than reflects the two forms of the basic chromatin fiber.
Estimating internal consistency reliability of the DESK 3–6 for 4-year-old Greek children

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of Dortmund Developmental Screening for Preschools (DESK) 3–6 for children 4-years of age through the use of methods such are internal consistency reliability, test–retest and Cronbach’s alpha, as well as check its suitability on a different sample. Participants were 413 preschool children (206 males and 207 females) with ages ranging from 48 to 59 months. The DESK was used. Results revealed that the original version of DESK 3–6 for children 4-years of age shows problems in internal consistency, adequate Cronbach alpha and test–retest coefficients. It is concluded that the present instrument appears to carry enough data to justify its use on other samples as well.
The effect of deafferentation on cerebral blood flow response to acetazolamide.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) response after acetazolamide administration may indicate increased cerebral blood volume (CBV) owing to reduced perfusion pressure from major cerebral artery steno-occlusive disease. However, decreased cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO(2)) caused by neuronal damage or deafferentation may also decrease the CBF response to acetazolamide, which adds complexity to the assessment of autoregulatory vasodilatation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between CBF response to acetazolamide and CBV or CMRO(2) in a pure form of deafferentation, crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD). METHODS We used positron emission tomography to study 17 patients with unilateral supratentorial infarct and contralateral cerebellar hypoperfusion. The CBF response to acetazolamide was assessed by measuring baseline CBF and CBF 10 minutes after an intravenous injection of acetazolamide. Multivariate analysis was used to test the independent predictive value of the CBV and CMRO(2) at baseline with respect to the change of CBF during acetazolamide administration. RESULTS Multivariate analysis revealed that in CCD CBV was significantly and independently associated with the percent change of CBF during acetazolamide administration (P <.0001), whereas CMRO(2) was not. CONCLUSION In deafferentation, changes in CBV may account for variations in CBF response to acetazolamide and decreased CMRO(2) may not affect CBF response to acetazolamide expressed as the percent change.
An uncaring profession? An examination of racism in social work

Abstract Social work purports to be a caring profession aimed at meeting the needs of its clients. But this is not the case for black people.1 Whether they enter the social work arena as clients, employees, or students, black people experience negative treatment. They are under‐represented as users of welfare services, but are over‐represented in penal institutions. The subtle dynamics of personal, institutional and cultural racism permeate the routine minutiae of social work policy and practice and these, combined with the strategies white social workers utilise to avoid the tricky task of confronting racism in their work, mean that black people's needs receive short shrift. White social workers respond to black people's needs in this contradictory manner because their belief that black communities ‘look after their own’ enables them to exclude black people from having access to welfare services whilst their preoccupation with black people's deviancy facilitates their admitting black people to establishm.
The Influence of Cultural Individualism-Collectivism, Self Construals, and Individual Values on Communication Styles Across Cultures

Individualism-collectivism has a direct effect on communication styles and an indirect effect that is mediated through self construals and values. It was hypothesized that cultural individualism-collectivism, self construals, and values would have separate effects on individuals’use of low- and high-context communication styles. As predicted, the results of this study suggest that independent self construals and individualistic values mediate the influence of cultural individualism-collectivism on the use of low-context communication, and interdependent self construals and collectivistic values mediate the influence of cultural individualism-collectivism on the use of high-context communication. The patterns for cultural individualism-collectivism were not as clear-cut. The findings suggest that individual level factors (i.e., self construals and values) are better predictors of low- and high-context communication styles across cultures than cultural individualism-collectivism.
Diversification vs. specialization as alternative strategies for economic development: Can we settle a debate by looking at the empirical evidence?, ISID Working Paper 03/2012

Few ideas have been more vocally debated in the economic literature than that of diversification versus specialization as drivers of economic growth and development. Scores of scholars have written numerous articles debating the issue and, more importantly, policymakers across the globe have pioneered profoundly different policy approaches on the basis of such disagreements. As usual in the history of economic ideas, the most promising way to address a discussion with such strong ideological connotations is to assess the empirical evidence. Motivated by the seminal work of Imbs and Wacziarg (2003), this paper attempts to synthesize the vast literature on the pros and cons of diversification vs. specialization, as well as the policy positions that emerge from such literature. It then provides the reader with an introduction of how such characteristics can be measured empirically and on the available evidence in terms of industrial production and exports (with the latter under absolute and relative specialization). The empirical analysis identifies a positive relation between the diversification of an economy and its income at low levels of income per capita. At the same time, the available evidence is inconclusive about the occurrence of a negative relation between the two at higher levels of income per capita. This study provides further insights into policy measures aimed at facilitating the diversification of economies, especially in low-income countries. The study concludes with a few recommendations that warrant further research, which may provide very important qualifications to the above conclusion.
The Black Police Officer: an Historical Perspective

This paper is a descriptive examination of the utilization and role of black Americans as police officers from the early 1860’s through the mid-1960’s. This 100 year period begins with the so-called &dquo;freeing&dquo; of slave blacks and ends with the domestic and official violence of the 1960’s influenced, in part, by prolonged and extensive racial discrimination. These riots, like their predecessors (e.g., East St. Louis in 1917, Chicago in 1919, New York in 1935 and Detroit in 1943), indicated that many blacks had continued to believe that they
Silibinin suppresses NPM-ALK, potently induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK), an oncogenic fusion protein carrying constitutively active tyrosine kinase, is known to be central to the pathogenesis of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ALCL). Here, it is reported that silibinin, a non-toxic naturally-occurring compound, potently suppressed NPM-ALK and effectively inhibited the growth and soft agar colony formation of ALK+ALCL cells. By western blots, it was found that silibinin efficiently suppressed the phosphorylation/activation of NPM-ALK and its key substrates/downstream mediators (including STAT3, MEK/ERK and Akt) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Correlating with these observations, silibinin suppressed the expression of Bcl-2, survivin and JunB, all of which are found to be upregulated by NPM-ALK and pathogenetically important in ALK+ALCL. Lastly, silibinin augmented the chemosensitivity of ALK+ALCL cells to doxorubicin, particularly the small cell sub-set expressing the transcriptional activity of Sox2, an embryonic stem cell marker. To conclude, the findings suggest that silibinin might be useful in treating ALK+ALCL.
Seven Classes of Three-Weight Cyclic Codes

Cyclic codes are a subclass of linear codes and have applications in consumer electronics, data storage systems, and communication systems as they have efficient encoding and decoding algorithms, compared with linear block codes. In this paper, seven classes of three-weight cyclic codes over \gf(p) whose duals have two zeros are presented, where p is an odd prime. The weight distributions of the seven classes of cyclic codes are settled. Some of the cyclic codes are optimal in the sense that they meet certain bounds on linear codes. The application of these cyclic codes in secret sharing is also considered.
The evolutionary dynamics of variant antigen genes in Babesia reveal a history of genomic innovation underlying host–parasite interaction

Babesia spp. are tick-borne, intraerythrocytic hemoparasites that use antigenic variation to resist host immunity, through sequential modification of the parasite-derived variant erythrocyte surface antigen (VESA) expressed on the infected red blood cell surface. We identified the genomic processes driving antigenic diversity in genes encoding VESA (ves1) through comparative analysis within and between three Babesia species, (B. bigemina, B. divergens and B. bovis). Ves1 structure diverges rapidly after speciation, notably through the evolution of shortened forms (ves2) from 5′ ends of canonical ves1 genes. Phylogenetic analyses show that ves1 genes are transposed between loci routinely, whereas ves2 genes are not. Similarly, analysis of sequence mosaicism shows that recombination drives variation in ves1 sequences, but less so for ves2, indicating the adoption of different mechanisms for variation of the two families. Proteomic analysis of the B. bigemina PR isolate shows that two dominant VESA1 proteins are expressed in the population, whereas numerous VESA2 proteins are co-expressed, consistent with differential transcriptional regulation of each family. Hence, VESA2 proteins are abundant and previously unrecognized elements of Babesia biology, with evolutionary dynamics consistently different to those of VESA1, suggesting that their functions are distinct.
Reliable and efficient PUF-based key generation using pattern matching

We describe a novel and efficient method to reliably provision and re-generate a finite and exact sequence of bits, for use with cryptographic applications, e.g., as a key, by employing one or more challengeable Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) circuit elements. Our method reverses the conventional paradigm of using public challenges to generate secret PUF responses; it exposes response patterns and keeps secret the particular challenges that generate response patterns. The key is assembled from a series of small (initially chosen or random), secret integers, each being an index into a string of bits produced by the PUF circuit(s); a PUF unique pattern at each respective index is then persistently stored between provisioning and all subsequent key re-generations. To obtain the secret integers again, a newly repeated PUF output string is searched for highest-probability matches with the stored patterns. This means that complex error correction logic such as BCH decoders are not required. The method reveals only relatively short PUF output data in public store, thwarting opportunities for modeling attacks. We provide experimental results using data obtained from PUF ASICs, which show that keys can be efficiently and reliably generated using our scheme under extreme environmental variation.
Race, Riots and Policing: Lore and Disorder in a Multi-Racist Society

Part 1 Lost times, forgotten places: from bad to worse? - policing and British Black communities contested fictions - local histories and glimpses of the past. Part 2 1981: that summer in London - Shaggy dog riots and copycat rioters the "riots" in London as a moral panic blame, guilt and "causes" of "riots" the reality of insurrection? - empiricism and the search for the average rioter. Part 3 "Grief": front line policing in the 1980s building stages for confrontation - power relations and policing misunderstandings? - the resolution of conflict by consultation assumptions and contradictions. Part 4 Discipline and punish? - strategies of control the local reality of racial subordination policing reconstructions of reality constructing characters: racialization and criminalization into the 1990s.
The Loss of Teeth in Dreams: An Empirical Investigation

Written interpretations of the loss of teeth in dreams have existed since the second century. The present study analyzed the personality characteristics of people with the reoccurring teeth-loss dream. Twenty-eight volunteers were recruited on a college campus, 14 people who reported the reoccurring dream of teeth-loss and a control group of 14 who reported the reoccurring dream of flight. Personality questionnaires indicated that the dreamers about teeth were significantly more anxious and depressed, had lower ego strength, were less satisfied with their lives, felt they had less control over their lives, and felt helpless more often than the control subjects who dreamt of flight.
Analysing Terrorism and Counter-terrorism: A Communication Model

This article analyses terrorism and counter-terrorism within a framework of communication. This analytic framework views violence as a form of communication that interacts with other forms of social and political communication, whether by non-state actors or state actors. By looking at how terrorism and counter-terrorism fit into the wider context of social and political life, both at the national and the international level, the analyst can better understand how terrorism emerges from other social or political activity, how it can evolve into legal or nonviolent action, and how it can be but one tool in a political or social struggle that includes both violent and nonviolent tactics. By including counter-terrorism and the array of control institutions used to battle terrorism and related phenomena, the model forces a degree of self-reflectivity and self-awareness upon the analyst, who must examine societal, state and international institutions and forms of social control alongside strategies and tactics of protest and political agitation. In a post-11 September world, this analytic task is all the more challenging.
APPLICATION OF THE TRANSTHEORETICAL OF CHANGE TO ADOLESCENT DECISION-MAKING

The Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) was examined for its applicability to the study of adolescent sexual abstinence behaviors. This investigation involved a cross-sectional secondary analysis of 7th grade students (N = 694) participating is a school-based program funded by the Virginia State Abstinence Initiative. The purpose was to explore the relationships among the concepts and variables of the TTM in an adolescent population with regard to sexual decision-making in abstinence behaviors. The relationship of the different stages of change among virgins and nonvirgins to the decisional balance variable was examined. Results demonstrated significant difference in the decisional balance variable among virgin adolescents in the precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, and action stages of sexual abstinence using ANOVA testing. However, these differences were not seen in the nonvirgin subjects. The virgins followed a highly predictable pattern of sexual decision-making following the graphing of T scores, but this decision-making pattern was not apparent in the nonvirgin subjects. These results support the applicability of the TTM to the behavior of sexual abstinence. Nurses must be aware of the differences in adolescent decisionmaking processes and incorporate a knowledge of these differences into intervention strategies. Future research will focus on the replication of results in older adolescents and the development of stage-matched interventions to promote healthy sexual behaviors.
Higher levels of depression are associated with reduced global bias in visual processing

Negative moods have been associated with a tendency to prioritise local details in visual processing. The current study investigated the relation between depression and visual processing using the Navon task, a standard task of local and global processing. In the Navon task, global stimuli are presented that are made up of many local parts, and the participants are instructed to report the identity of either a global or a local target shape. Participants with a low self-reported level of depression showed evidence of the expected global processing bias, and were significantly faster at responding to the global, compared with the local level. By contrast, no such difference was observed in participants with high levels of depression. The reduction of the global bias associated with high levels of depression was only observed in the overall speed of responses to global (versus local) targets, and not in the level of interference produced by the global (versus local) distractors. These results are in line with recent findings of a dissociation between local/global processing bias and interference from local/global distractors, and support the claim that depression is associated with a reduction in the tendency to prioritise global-level processing.
The characterization, current medications, and promising therapeutics targets for premature ejaculation

Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most prevalent male sexual dysfunction. This is associated with negative personal and interpersonal psychological outcomes. The pharmacologic treatment of PE includes the use of antidepressants, local anesthetic agents, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. While numerous treatments can control PE, only antidepressants and topical anesthetic creams and sprays have recently been shown to be more effective. This review focuses on the physiology and pharmacology of ejaculation, the pathophysiology of PE and the most effective pharmacological treatment of PE. Pharmacotherapy of PE with off‐label short‐acting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is common, effective, and safe. Dapoxetine, a SSRI with a short half‐life, has been recently evaluated for the treatment of PE by several countries and results are promising. In clinical practice, follow‐up side effects are an important part of the management strategy for PE. The understanding of etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment modalities of PE would be beneficial to clinician in helping patients with this disappointing sexual problem.