Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Centromere Localization for Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis) through Half-Tetrad Analysis in Diploid Gynogenetic Families

Gene-centromere (G-C) mapping provides insights into structural and behavioural properties of chromosomes. In this study, G-C mapping using microsatellite markers and meiogynogenetic (meiotic gynogenetic) families were performed in bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis, 2N = 48), which belongs to Cyprinidae. A total of 218 microsatellites were selected across 24 linkage groups (LGs) of a recently well-defined genetic linkage map for bighead carp, with 151 being heterozygous in at least one of six dams in diploid meiogynogenetic families. After tests for Mendelian segregation in two diploid control families, 103 microsatellites were used for G-C distance calculation in 383 gynogens. The second division segregation frequency (y) was computed through half-tetrad analyses, and the values ranged from 0 to 0.97 (mean 0.40). High G-C recombination frequencies (over 0.667) were observed in 18 (17.5%) of the loci examined, which revealed a low level of chiasma interferences compared with other fishes studied previously. Distribution of G-C distances across LGs ranged from 0 cM to 48.5 cM (mean 20 cM) under the assumption of complete interference. All 24 centromeres were localized according to their closest-related microsatellites at 95% confident intervals. The average distance between centromeres and their closest-linked markers was 6.1 cM with 15 out of 24 LGs having a distance below 5 cM. Based on the centromere positions in this study, we proposed a formula of 24 m/sm+24 t/st chromosomes with 92 arms for bighead carp, which was mostly in accordance with a previously reported karyotype for bighead carp (24 m/sm+24 st). These results of centromere localization provide a basic framework and important resources for genetics and comparative genomics studies in bighead carp and its closely-related cyprinid species.
The Effects of Metals and Interfering Fields on Electromagnetic Trackers

The operation of six degree-of-freedom electromagnetic trackers is based on the spatial properties of the electromagnetic fields generated by three small coils. Anything in the environment that causes these fields to be distorted will result in measurement noise and/or errors. An experimental investigation was undertaken to measure the effect of external fields present in a typical working environment (namely mains and computer monitor fields) and the presence of metals (25-mm cubes of various types of metals, a large steel bar, and a large steel sheet). A theoretical model is proposed to explain the observations. Two devices were used in this investigation: a Polhemus Fastrak and an Ascension Flock of Birds.
FURTHER INVESTIGATING THE UNDERLYING ATTENTIONAL PROCESSES OF BRIEF MINDFULNESS-BASED INTERVENTIONS

Chairperson: Anisa N. Goforth, Ph.D., NCSP Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) incorporate components of mindfulness into treatment strategies for both general and specialized populations. Within the school setting, research shows that MBIs contribute to student improvement in cognitive functioning, and the brief MBIs (e.g., around 8 minutes) can improve scores on standardized tests (Mrazek et al., 2013; Zenner et al., 2014). However, it is unclear what cognitive processes may be improved through MBI implementation. The current project investigated components of attentional control through working memory capacity, inhibition, mind-wandering, mood, and task-switching as cognitive processes that may be improved by MBIs. University undergraduates (N=119) aged 18-25 (M=20.11, SD=1.94) participated in a repeatedmeasures experiment that included six sessions. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three intervention conditions: a brief mindfulness-based intervention, a brief relaxationbased meditation, or a control group. Missing data, attrition rates, and power were a concern within the data set. There were no significant effects of intervention condition on task-switching, working memory capacity, or frequency of mind-wandering. However, results showed that participants who participated in the MBI group showed significant increase in reported attentional focus, ability to inhibit distraction, and positive mood. Implications for school psychology are discussed.
Nanodroplets: New Perspectives for Oxygen Delivery to Hypoxic Cutaneous Tissues

Perfluoropentane (PFP)-based oxygen-loaded nanobubbles (OLNBs) were previously proposed as adjuvant therapeutic tools for pathologies of different etiology sharing hypoxia as a common feature, including cancer, infection, and autoimmunity. Here we introduce a new platform of oxygen nanocarriers, based on 2H,3H-decafluoropentane (DFP) as core fluorocarbon. These new nanocarriers have been named oxygen-loaded nanodroplets (OLNDs) since DFP is liquid at body temperature, unlike gaseous PFP. Dextran-shelled OLNDs, available either in liquid or gel formulations, display spherical morphology, ~600 nm diameters, anionic charge, good oxygen carrying capacity, and no toxic effects on human keratinocytes after cell internalization. In vitroOLNDs result more effective in releasing oxygen to hypoxic environments than former OLNBs, as demonstrated by analysis through oxymetry. In vivo, OLNDs effectively enhance oxy-hemoglobin levels, as emerged from investigation by photoacoustic imaging. Interestingly, ultrasound (US) treatment further improves transdermal oxygen release from OLNDs. Taken together, these data suggest that US-activated, DFP-based OLNDs might be innovative, suitable and cost-effective devices to topically treat hypoxia-associated pathologies of the cutaneous tissues.
THE IMPACT OF ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS ABOUT FAT ON SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION IN APPALACHIA: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

OF DISSERTATION THE IMPACT OF ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS ABOUT FAT ON SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION IN APPALACHIA: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY Anti-fat bias and the resulting discriminatory behavior is widely documented and impacts almost every aspect of an obese person’s life, including healthcare/insurance, education, employment, interpersonal relationships, and protection under the law. This has serious psychological, social, physical health, and economic consequences for the obese person. The non-social work related literature provides an abundance of evidence that when obese people seek assistance from a helping professional, they are met with the same anti-fat bias and discrimination present in other areas of their lives. Recognizing that anti-fat bias can lead to negative practice behaviors with obese patients and clients, many professional education programs have implemented curriculum modules and trainings focused on bias reduction. Unfortunately, there is little evidence regarding the existence of anti-fat bias among social work professionals and no evidence regarding whether social work education is including obesity and related issues in its curriculum. Utilizing the Anti-fat Attitudes Test (AFAT), the Universal Measure of Bias-FAT (UMB-FAT), and researcher created inventories, this study surveyed 129 social work educators in Appalachia to explore whether they have an anti-fat bias, if they include issues related to fat in their courses, and if so, is curriculum inclusion adhering to the dominant biomedical discourse or taking a social justice oriented approach. Findings suggest that social work educators in Appalachia hold mostly positive attitudes toward fat individuals and when negative attitudes are present they are related to physical attractiveness and romantic attraction. The data also suggest that social work educators from the southern region of Appalachia hold more anti-fat bias than educators from other regions. The study indicates that social work educators feel that obesity and related issues are worthy of attention from the profession, but they are less convinced that they should be addressing the topic(s) in the courses they teach. Social work educators who do include obesity in their courses tend to focus on exposing students to foundational social justice knowledge and how to recognize oppression and discrimination but they do not prepare them to provide services for and advocate for obese clients. Regional differences in curriculum topics are discussed. Results from the study have important implications for professional social work education. Limitations of the study and areas for further research are considered.
Characterization of Executive Dysfunction in Real World Tasks: Analysis of Behaviours Performed during Completion of the Multiple Errands Test

This study furthers our understanding of the impact of executive dysfunction on everyday activities in stroke survivors. A classification system was developed to analyze a wide range of behaviours performed by 14 stroke survivors and 12 matched controls on the Baycrest Multiple Errands Test, a task requiring participants to buy specific items and collect certain information on the main floor of the hospital. The event recorder was used to code the occurrences and frequencies of behaviours performed by participants. Results demonstrated that participants with stroke performed significantly more task specific relevant inefficient behaviours (p < .05) and non-task specific irrelevant behaviours (p < .10) compared to controls. This study indicates the importance of performing a detailed analysis of behaviours performed to better understand the impact of ED in everyday life.
Comparison of geostatistical and random sample survey analyses of Antarctic krill acoustic data

Data from the acoustic surveys of MV SA “Agulhas” and FRV “Walther Herwig”, and the 1981 RRS “John Biscoe” South Georgia acoustic survey were analysed by geostatistical methods. Estimates of mean density (g m−2) of krill and their variances are compared with published results from statistical analyses based on random sampling theory. A further high-resolution geostatistical analysis of the MV SA “Agulhas” (ping-by-ping) data set of the density of each individual aggregation is also presented. These analyses illustrate the problems of applying geostatistical methods to data from highly aggregated species which can show marked skewness in their histogram of density.
Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing Predictions from the Semi-Analytic Galaxy Formation Models

luminosity and the halo mass. The cross-correlation cannot, however, be used to infer the halo profile directly because different halo masses dominate on different scales and because not all galaxies are at the centres of the corresponding haloes. We compute the redshift evolution of the cross-correlation amplitude and compare it with those of galaxies and dark matter. We also compute the galaxy‐dark matter correlation coefficient and show that it is close to unity on scales above 1 h 21 Mpc for all considered galaxy types. This would allow one to extract the bias and the dark matter power spectrum on large scales from the galaxy and galaxy‐dark matter correlations.
Moral Impossibility in the Petersburg Paradox : A Literature Survey and Experimental Evidence

The Petersburg paradox has led to much thought for three centuries. This paper describes the paradox, discusses its resolutions advanced in the literature while alluding to the historical context, and presents experimental data. In particular, Bernoulli’s search for " the level of moral impossibility in the Petersburg problem is stressed; beyond this level small probabilities are considered too unlikely to be " relevant for judgment and decision making. In the experiment, the level of moral impossibility is elicited through variations of the gamble-length in the Petersburg gamble. Bernoulli’s conjecture that people neglect small probability events is supported by a statistical power analysis. "Keywords: Petersburg paradox; economic history; bounded rationality; significance level; experimental economics" "Classification-JEL: B3;C44; C9; D8; G1; N0"
Mapping and Valuing Ecosystem Services as an Approach for Conservation and Natural‐Resource Management

Current approaches to conservation and natural‐resource management often focus on single objectives, resulting in many unintended consequences. These outcomes often affect society through unaccounted‐for ecosystem services. A major challenge in moving to a more ecosystem‐based approach to management that would avoid such societal damages is the creation of practical tools that bring a scientifically sound, production function‐based approach to natural‐resource decision making. A new set of computer‐based models is presented, the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs tool (InVEST) that has been designed to inform such decisions. Several of the key features of these models are discussed, including the ability to visualize relationships among multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity, the ability to focus on ecosystem services rather than biophysical processes, the ability to project service levels and values in space, sensitivity to manager‐designed scenarios, and flexibility to deal with data and knowledge limitations. Sample outputs of InVEST are shown for two case applications; the Willamette Basin in Oregon and the Amazon Basin. Future challenges relating to the incorporation of social data, the projection of social distributional effects, and the design of effective policy mechanisms are discussed.
Immediate neural responses of appetitive motives and its relationship with hedonic appetite and body weight as revealed by magnetoencephalography

Background We aimed to determine the brain areas related to food motivation and to examine individual variability using magnetoencephalography (MEG) during a fasted state. Correlation analysis was performed between MEG responses and the subscale and aggregated scores of the Power of Food Scale (PFS) and body mass index (BMI). Material/Methods Eight healthy, right-handed males [age, 29.0±10.4 years; BMI, 22.7±2.4 kg/m2 (mean ±SD)] were enrolled. The MEG experiment consisted of 2 food sessions and 2 control sessions in an alternating and counterbalanced order. During the MEG recordings, participants viewed a set of food pictures (food session) or mosaic pictures (control session) projected on a screen. Results When participants viewed pictures of food items, we were able to estimate equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) in the insular cortex in all participants peaked approximately 300 ms after the onset of each picture presentation. When they viewed mosaic pictures, 1 of 8 participants exhibited corresponding ECDs. Of note, significant correlations were observed between the intensities of the MEG responses and the subscale scores of Factor 1 (food available) (r=0.846, P=0.008) and those of Factor 2 (food present) (r=0.875, P=0.004), the aggregated scores of PFS (r=0.820, P=0.013), and BMI (r=0.898, P=0.002). Conclusions We demonstrated the involvement of the immediate neural responses of the insular cortex in individual differences in appetitive motivation. The signal intensities of the insular cortex were associated with self-awareness of appetitive motive.
Influence of Home Environment on Psychological Abilities of Children

Abstract This paper investigates quality of home environment and psychological abilities of underprivileged children of rural Haryana. To achieve the main objectives of the study, 400 children belonging to lower income group were selected randomly from Hisar and Ambala districts of Haryana state. The home environment was assessed by Mohite’s Home Environment Inventory, and psychological abilities of the children were measured by McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities Scale. The results showed that the majority of underprivileged mothers provided poor home environment to their children. Most of the children of Hisar and Ambala districts repoted in the present study had mental age below their chronological age and had poor verbal, perception, quantitative, memory, motor abilities and general cognition. Deprived home environment influenced developmental levels of the children which resulting poor verbal, perception, quantitative, memory, motor and general cognition.
Possible Connections between Bullying Behaviour, Empathy and Imitation

This paper is a position paper that speculates about a possible connection between bullying behaviour, empathy and imitation. The primary aim of our work is to provide a clearer understanding of bullying behaviour, by focusing on cognitive and emotional states that might cause bullies to show anti-social behaviour. A review of relevant research about bullying behaviour is presented followed by a brief discussion of empathy and imitation. Finally, we try to bring together these different lines of research and present the hypothesis that bullies possess well developed automatic as well as cognitive empathy, and that bullying behaviour is caused by an overemphasis of goal-directed processes of controlled empathy that work towards nonempathy. We conclude by speculating on a possible role of imitation in bullying intervention programmes.
Verified Computational Differential Privacy with Applications to Smart Metering

EasyCrypt is a tool-assisted framework for reasoning about probabilistic computations in the presence of adversarial code, whose main application has been the verification of security properties of cryptographic constructions in the computational model. We report on a significantly enhanced version of EasyCrypt that accommodates a richer, user-extensible language of probabilistic expressions and, more fundamentally, supports reasoning about approximate forms of program equivalence. This enhanced framework allows us to express a broader range of security properties, that notably include approximate and computational differential privacy. We illustrate the use of the framework by verifying two protocols: a two-party protocol for computing the Hamming distance between bit-vectors, yielding two-sided privacy guarantees; and a novel, efficient, and privacy-friendly distributed protocol to aggregate smart meter readings into statistics and bills.
Nonlinear anisotropic filtering of MRI data

In contrast to acquisition-based noise reduction methods a postprocess based on anisotropic diffusion is proposed. Extensions of this technique support 3-D and multiecho magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), incorporating higher spatial and spectral dimensions. The procedure overcomes the major drawbacks of conventional filter methods, namely the blurring of object boundaries and the suppression of fine structural details. The simplicity of the filter algorithm permits an efficient implementation, even on small workstations. The efficient noise reduction and sharpening of object boundaries are demonstrated by applying this image processing technique to 2-D and 3-D spin echo and gradient echo MR data. The potential advantages for MRI, diagnosis, and computerized analysis are discussed in detail.
Return of the Solow Paradox? It, Productivity, and Employment in U.S. Manufacturing

An increasingly influential "technological-discontinuity" paradigm suggests that IT-induced technological changes are rapidly raising productivity while making workers redundant. This paper explores the evidence for this view among the IT-using U.S. manufacturing industries. There is some limited support for more rapid productivity growth in IT-intensive industries depending on the exact measures, though not since the late 1990s. Most challenging to this paradigm, and our expectations, is that output contracts in IT-intensive industries relative to the rest of manufacturing. Productivity increases, when detectable, result from the even faster declines in employment.
Adaptation and implementation of local maternity dashboards in a Zimbabwean hospital to drive clinical improvement.

PROBLEM The Commission on Information and Accountability for Women's and Children's Health of the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that national health outcome data were often of questionable quality and "not timely enough for practical use by health planners and administrators". Delayed reporting of poor-quality data limits the ability of front-line staff to identify problems rapidly and make improvements. APPROACH Clinical "dashboards" based on locally available data offer a way of providing accurate and timely information. A dashboard is a simple computerized tool that presents a health facility's clinical data graphically using a traffic-light coding system to alert front-line staff about changes in the frequency of clinical outcomes. It provides rapid feedback on local outcomes in an accessible form and enables problems to be detected early. Until now, dashboards have been used only in high-resource settings. LOCAL SETTING An overview maternity dashboard and a maternal mortality dashboard were designed for, and introduced at, a public hospital in Zimbabwe. A midwife at the hospital was trained to collect and input data monthly. RELEVANT CHANGES Implementation of the maternity dashboards was feasible and 28 months of clinical outcome data were summarized using common computer software. Presentation of these data to staff led to the rapid identification of adverse trends in outcomes and to suggestions for actions to improve health-care quality. LESSONS LEARNT Implementation of maternity dashboards was feasible in a low-resource setting and resulted in actions that improved health-care quality locally. Active participation of hospital management and midwifery staff was crucial to their success.
Hearing threshold prediction with Auditory Steady State Responses and estimation of correction functions to compensate for differences with behavioral data, in adult subjects

Summary Background The objective of the study was the evaluation and comparison of hearing threshold values extrapolated from Auditory Steady State Responses, using 2 commercial systems and the estimation of correction factors applicable to the ASSR data. Material/Methods One hundred ten subjects participated to the study. All subjects were initially examined with otoscopy, pure-tone audiometry and admittance. Data were acquired by 2 clinical systems the Audera (Viasys) and the CHARTR EP (ICS), using identical protocols. The acoustic stimuli consisted of single carrier frequencies at 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz modulated at 40 Hz. Results The data show that the threshold estimates from both devices differ significantly from the measured behavioral thresholds. The ICS device presented significantly larger mean-ASSR estimated hearing level values at the tested frequencies, implying an underestimation of the hearing threshold. Both sets of prediction errors overestimated hearing levels for the normal group. The prediction errors were in all cases greater for the Audera than for the ICS. Conclusions The errors encountered in the estimates of the 2 widely-used commercial devices suggest that the current ASSR protocols are not ready for a wide-range use and that significant developments in the area of threshold prediction / precision are necessary. If, on the other-hand, the ASSR predicted threshold is used on a purely consulting basis, as in hearing-aid fitting, then such errors might be acceptable in a clinical setting.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA E TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS COMUNS EM ESTUDANTES DE MEDICINA

Objetivou-se avaliar a associacao entre a qualidade de vida e transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes de medicina da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia campus de Jequie. Estudo de corte transversal desenvolvido com 115 estudantes (61 homens e 54 mulheres) durante o segundo semestre de 2016. A prevalencia de transtornos mentais comuns foi de 32,2% (n=37). O menor dominio da qualidade de vida entre os individuos com transtornos mentais comuns foi o meio ambiente com mediana de 56,4 (IQ 46,9-68,8), seguido pelo psicologico 56,9 (IQ 50-66,6); fisico 57,1 (IQ 46,6-67,8); e relacoes sociais 65,5 (IQ 50-83,3). Vislumbra-se que a totalidade dos dominios da qualidade de vida foram reduzidos em individuos com suspeicao de transtornos mentais comuns, tendo o modelo final da regressao evidenciado os dominios fisico e psicologico como fator de protecao para os mesmos.