Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Direct Ensemble Classifier for Imbalanced Multiclass Learning

Researchers have shown that although traditional direct classifier algorithm can be easily applied to multiclass classification, the performance of a single classifier is decreased with the existence of imbalance data in multiclass classification tasks. Thus, ensemble of classifiers has emerged as one of the hot topics in multiclass classification tasks for imbalance problem for data mining and machine learning domain. Ensemble learning is an effective technique that has increasingly been adopted to combine multiple learning algorithms to improve overall prediction accuraciesand may outperform any single sophisticated classifiers. In this paper, an ensemble learner called a Direct Ensemble Classifier for Imbalanced Multiclass Learning (DECIML) that combines simple nearest neighbour and Naive Bayes algorithms is proposed. A combiner method called OR-tree is used to combine the decisions obtained from the ensemble classifiers. The DECIML framework has been tested with several benchmark dataset and shows promising results.
Development of stitched/RTM primary structures for transport aircraft

Th_s report covers work accomplished in the Innovative Composite Aircraft Primary Structure (ICAPS) program, NASA Contract NASI-18862. An account is given of the design criteria and philosophy that guides the development of composite primary components. Wing and fuselage components used as a baseline for development are described. The major thrust of the program is to achieve a major cost breakthrough through development of stitched dry preforms and resin transfer molding (RTM), and progress on these processes is reported. A full description is provided on the fabrication of stitched RTM wing panels. Test data are presented. PRt_GIEDtNE; PAGE BLANK NOT FILMED
3D IC design partitioning for temperature rise minimization

Due to the low thermal conductivities of dielectrics between active layers, there is a strong demand to minimize the temperature rise of three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs). In this paper, we demonstrate that, in the design of 3D ICs, different design partitioning results often lead to different amounts of temperature rise. However, to the best of our knowledge, no attention has been paid to the problem of design partitioning for temperature rise minimization. Based on that observation, we propose an integer linear programming (ILP) approach to find a design partitioning solution in which the amount of temperature rise is minimized. Compared with the previous work (that does not take the temperature rise into account), experimental results show that our approach can reduce 13.60% temperature rise without any extra overhead.
Personality, perfectionism, and attitudes toward eating in parents of individuals with eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE This study compares personality and eating-related traits in parents of probands with eating disorders, with age-band matched healthy normal controls. METHOD Data were abstracted from an international genetic study of anorexia nervosa. Information was available for the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Comparisons were done by multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS Mothers of probands showed elevated levels of perfectionism on the MPS and more concerns about weight and shape on the EDI compared with controls. Mothers who had daughters with diagnoses other than the restricting subtype of anorexia nervosa showed elevated levels of perfectionism on the MPS. CONCLUSION These data are compatible with the notion that some personality traits, such as perfectionism, and weight and shape concerns may cluster in families of probands with eating disorders.
Epstein-Barr virus RNA. VI. Viral RNA in restringently and abortively infected Raji cells

Nuclear and polyadenylated RNA fractions of Raji cells are encoded by larger fractions of Epstein-Barr virus DNA (35 and 18%, respectively) than encode polyribosomal RNA (10%). Polyribosomal RNA is encoded by DNA mapping at 0.05 X 10(8) to 0.29 X 10(8), 0.63 X 10(8) to 0.66 X 10(8), and 1.10 X 10(8) to 0.03 X 10(8) daltons. An abundant, small (160-base), non-polyadenylated RNA encoded by EcoRI fragment J (0.05 X 10(8) to 0.07 X 10(8) daltons) is also present in the cytoplasm of Raji cells. After induction of early antigen in Raji cells, there was a substantial increase in the complexity of viral polyadenylated and polyribosomal RNAs. Thus, nuclear RNA was encoded by 40% of Epstein-Barr virus DNA, and polyadenylated and polyribosomal RNAs were encoded by at least 30% of Epstein-Barr virus DNA. Polyribosomal RNA from induced Raji cells was encoded by Epstein-Barr virus DNAs mapping at 0.05 X 10(8) to 0.29 X 10(8), 0.63 X 10(8) to 0.66 X 10(8), and 1.10 X 10(8) to 0.03 X 10(8) daltons and also by DNAs mapping within the long unique regions of Epstein-Barr virus DNA at 0.39 X 10(8) to 0.49 X 10(8), 0.51 X 10(8) to 0.59 X 10(8), 0.66 X 10(8) to 0.77 X 10(8), and 1.02 X 10(8) to 1.05 X 10(8) daltons.
The Influence of Color and Graphical Information Presentation in a Managerial Decision Simulation

A laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the influence of graphical and color-enhanced information presentation on information use and decision quality in a simulation setting. This is the third in a series of studies examining the effects of colors and graphics in a managerial decision-making task. The findings reported in this article indicate that graphical presentations are more useful when evaluating information in order to determine promising directions in the search for an optimal solution, but when the task requires the determination of exact data values for computational purposes, graphical reports are less useful than tabular ones. Benefits of color include taking fewer iterations to complete the task. However, these benefits are associated more strongly with the graphical report as indicated by the significantly higher use of color-enhanced graphical reports over monochromatic ones. The benefits of color are also restricted to the early stages in the decision task, with color graphic report usage dropping sharply over time.
Determining and utilizing the quasispecies of the hepatitis B virus in clinical applications

Chronic hepatitis B caused by infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects about 240 million people worldwide and is one of the major causes of severe liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B treatment options have improved dramatically in the last decade. Effective direct-acting antiviral drugs, so-called nucleos(t)ide analogs, and one effective immunomodulatory drug (pegylated interferon α-2a) are available presently. Current challenges for treating HBV involve the careful selection of patients who require therapy and the thoughtful choice of the treatment option tailored to each patient individually. Personalized medicine aims to optimize treatment decisions based on the analysis of host factors and virus characteristics. The population of viruses within a host is called the viral quasispecies. This thesis provides statistical methods to infer relevant information about the viral quasispecies of HBV to support treatment decisions. We introduce a new genotyping methodology to identify dual infections, which can help to quantify the risk of interferon therapy failure. We present a method to infer short-range linkage information from Sanger sequencing chromatograms, a method to support treatment adjustment after the development of resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogs. Additionally, we provide the first full-genome analysis of the G-to-A hypermutation patterns of the HBV genome. Hypermutated viral genomes form a subpopulation of the quasispecies caused by proteins of the human innate immune system editing the genome of exogenous viral agents. We show that hypermutation is associated with the natural progression of hepatitis B, but does not correlate with treatment response to interferon.
Epigenetic Regulation of the Mammalian Cell

Background Understanding how mammalian cells are regulated epigenetically to express phenotype is a priority. The cellular phenotypic transition, induced by ionising radiation, from a normal cell to the genomic instability phenotype, where the ability to replicate the genotype accurately is compromised, illustrates important features of epigenetic regulation. Based on this phenomenon and earlier work we propose a model to describe the mammalian cell as a self assembled open system operating in an environment that includes its genotype, neighbouring cells and beyond. Phenotype is represented by high dimensional attractors, evolutionarily conditioned for stability and robustness and contingent on rules of engagement between gene products encoded in the genetic network. Methodology/Findings We describe how this system functions and note the indeterminacy and fluidity of its internal workings which place it in the logical reasoning framework of predicative logic. We find that the hypothesis is supported by evidence from cell and molecular biology. Conclusions Epigenetic regulation and memory are fundamentally physical, as opposed to chemical, processes and the transition to genomic instability is an important feature of mammalian cells with probable fundamental relevance to speciation and carcinogenesis. A source of evolutionarily selectable variation, in terms of the rules of engagement between gene products, is seen as more likely to have greater prominence than genetic variation in an evolutionary context. As this epigenetic variation is based on attractor states phenotypic changes are not gradual; a phenotypic transition can involve the changed contribution of several gene products in a single step.
Antifungal activity of phenolic compounds identified in flowers from North Eastern Portugal against Candida species.

AIM To evaluate the antifungal effect of gallic acid, catechin, luteolin and quercetin, phenolic compounds identified from flowers of North Eastern Portugal, against Candida planktonic and biofilm cells. MATERIALS & METHODS The MICs were determined in Candida planktonic cells and the effect of phenolic compounds on Candida biofilms was assessed through quantification of colony-forming units. RESULTS MIC values demonstrated that gallic acid presented the highest effect against all Candida species. Catechin showed a similar effect against Candida albicans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 90028 cells. In addition, gallic acid and quercetin had demonstrated only a minimal effect against Candida species biofilms. CONCLUSION Gallic acid affected the growth of the different planktonic Candida species in all concentrations used; still, catechin showed a similar effect against C. albicans ATCC 90028 and Candida glabrata ATCC 2001 cells. In addition, only gallic acid and quercetin demonstrated a slight effect against all Candida species biofilms.
Accountability of specialist child and adolescent mental health services

Summary Outcome auditing of specialist child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) is now well under way internationally. There is, however, debate about objectives and tools. A case is made for the achievable goal of enhancing service accountability through user satisfaction information and clinician-rated contextualised measures of improvements in symptoms and impairment.
Acne Scars: Pathogenesis, Classification and Treatment

Acne has a prevalence of over 90% among adolescents and persists into adulthood in approximately 12%–14% of cases with psychological and social implications. Possible outcomes of the inflammatory acne lesions are acne scars which, although they can be treated in a number of ways, may have a negative psychological impact on social life and relationships. The main types of acne scars are atrophic and hypertrophic scars. The pathogenesis of acne scarring is still not fully understood, but several hypotheses have been proposed. There are numerous treatments: chemical peels, dermabrasion/microdermabrasion, laser treatment, punch techniques, dermal grafting, needling and combined therapies for atrophic scars: silicone gels, intralesional steroid therapy, cryotherapy, and surgery for hypertrophic and keloidal lesions. This paper summarizes acne scar pathogenesis, classification and treatment options.
Diabetes and Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary artery disease resulting from accelerated atherosclerosis, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). 1 Of note, DM patients without a history of coronary artery disease have overall the same cardiac risk as non-DM patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI). 2 Furthermore, patients with DM also have a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and recurrent atherothrombotic events than non-DM patients.3 In fact, in the setting of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), the presence of DM is a strong independent predictor of short-term and long-term recurrent ischemic events, including mortality.4,5 The concomitant presence of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities that negatively affect the outcomes of ACS is higher in DM patients.6 The negative impact of DM on outcomes is maintained across the ACS spectrum, including unstable angina and non–ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI),7 ST-elevation MI (STEMI) treated medically,8 and ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 9,10 Platelets of DM patients are characterized by dysregulation of several signaling pathways, both receptor (eg, increased expression) and intracellular downstream signaling abnormalities, which leads to increased platelet reactivity.11,–,15 This may play a role not only in the higher risk of developing ACS and the worse outcomes observed in DM, but also in the larger proportion of DM patients with inadequate response to antiplatelet agents compared with non-DM subjects,13,16,–,18 which may also contribute to the impaired outcomes observed in DM patients despite compliance with recommended antiplatelet treatment regimens. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current status of knowledge on platelet abnormalities that characterize DM patients, to analyze the benefits and limitations of currently available antiplatelet agents used in ACS, focusing …
Significant Increase of Prostaglandin E‐Major Urinary Metabolite in Male Smokers: A Screening Study of Age and Gender Differences Using a Simple Radioimmunoassay

For the assessment of inflammatory status, we have developed a simple, reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) of prostaglandin E‐major urinary metabolite (PGE‐MUM), which remains stable in urine after it is metabolized. Using this method, we conducted a screening study to compare standard values of PGE‐MUM to serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels in health check volunteers.
Maximum likelihood estimation in graphical models with missing values

In this paper we discuss maximum likelihood estimation when some observations are missing in mixed graphical interaction models assuming a conditional Gaussian distribution as introduced by Lauritzen&Wermuth (1989). For the saturated case ML estimation with missing values via the EM algorithm has been proposed by Little&Schluchter (1985). We expand their results to the special restrictions in graphical models and indicate a more efficient way to compute the E--step. The main purpose of the paper is to show that for certain missing patterns the computational effort can considerably be reduced.
Balanced and Unbalanced Circulations in a Primitive Equation Simulation of a Midlatitude MCC. Part II: Analysis of Balance

Abstract A nonlinear balance condition, which permits the diagnosis of both balanced divergent and nondivergent flows, is presented. This analysis approach is applied to the results of a numerical simulation of a midlatitude mesoscale convective complex (MCC) to assess the degree of balance of these and similar convective weather systems. It is found that, to a large extent, the simulated MCC represents a highly balanced fluid system. The nondivergent component of the MCC wind field was found to be largely balanced from the time of initial convection to dissipation. Perhaps more surprisingly, the storm-induced divergent model winds are also balanced to a fair degree, though certainly less so than the nondivergent flow. Further, the balanced divergent flow makes up a significant portion of the total balanced flow in some regions of the MCC. System-scale divergence profiles of the model and balanced winds are compared and found to agree reasonably well, especially in the growth and mature stages of the MCC.
Capture of genomic and T‐DNA sequences during double‐strand break repair in somatic plant cells

To analyze genomic changes resulting from double‐strand break (DSB) repair, transgenic tobacco plants were obtained that carried in their genome a restriction site of the rare cutting endonuclease I‐SceI within a negative selectable marker gene. After induction of DSB repair via Agrobacterium‐mediated transient expression of I‐SceI, plant cells were selected that carried a loss‐of‐function phenotype of the marker. Surprisingly, in addition to deletions, in a number of cases repair was associated with the insertion of unique and repetitive genomic sequences into the break. Thus, DSB repair offers a mechanism for spreading different kinds of sequences into new chromosomal positions. This may have evolutionary consequences particularly for plants, as genomic alterations occurring in meristem cells can be transferred to the next generation. Moreover, transfer DNA (T‐DNA), carrying the open reading frame of I‐SceI, was found in several cases to be integrated into the transgenic I‐SceI site. This indicates that DSB repair also represents a pathway for the integration of T‐DNA into the plant genome.
Effect of carprofen on lameness in broiler chickens

Lameness is prevalent among broiler chickens and there is concern that it is chronically painful. The administration of an analgesic has been frequently used to identify pain in lame farm animals. Therefore, in this study the ability of lame and normal broiler chickens to traverse an obstacle course was tested after treatment with the analgesic, carprofen, a placebo saline injection or a control handling procedure. Sound birds traversed the course in approximately 11 seconds, irrespective of treatment. Lame birds took approximately 34 seconds to traverse the course, unless they received carprofen, which reduced their completion time to 18 seconds. Thus, carprofen substantially increased the speed of lame birds, providing evidence that birds with moderate lameness suffer pain when they walk.
Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation from Common Downregulation to mRNA-Specific Upregulation

Discovered in 1993, micoRNAs (miRNAs) are now recognized as one of the major regulatory gene families in eukaryotes. To date, 24521 microRNAs have been discovered and there are certainly more to come. It was primarily acknowledged that miRNAs result in gene expression repression at both the level of mRNA stability by conducting mRNA degradation and the level of translation (at initiation and after initiation) by inhibiting protein translation or degrading the polypeptides through binding complementarily to 3′UTR of the target mRNAs. Nevertheless, some studies revealed that miRNAs have the capability of activating gene expression directly or indirectly in respond to different cell types and conditions and in the presence of distinct cofactors. This reversibility in their posttranslational gene regulatory natures enables the bearing cells to rapidly response to different cell conditions and consequently block unnecessary energy wastage or maintain the cell state. This paper provides an overview of the current understandings of the miRNA characteristics including their genes and biogenesis, as well as their mediated downregulation. We also review up-to-date knowledge of miRNA-mediated gene upregulation through highlighting some notable examples and discuss the emerging concepts of their associations with other posttranscriptional gene regulation processes.
Nair's and Farhi's identities involving the least common multiple of binomial coefficients are equivalent

In 1982, Nair proved the identity: ${\rm lcm}({k \choose 1}, 2{k \choose 2}, >., k{k \choose k}) ={\rm lcm}(1, 2, ., k), \forall k\in \mathbb{N}. $ Recently, Farhi proved a new identity: ${\rm lcm}({k \choose 0}, {k \choose 1}, >., {k \choose k}) =\frac{{\rm lcm}(1, 2, ., k+1)}{k+1}, \forall k\in \mathbb{N}. $ In this note, we show that Nair's and Farhi's identities are equivalent.
Blue Light Stimulates Cognitive Brain Activity in Visually Blind Individuals

Light regulates multiple non-image-forming (or nonvisual) circadian, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral functions, via outputs from intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Exposure to light directly enhances alertness and performance, so light is an important regulator of wakefulness and cognition. The roles of rods, cones, and ipRGCs in the impact of light on cognitive brain functions remain unclear, however. A small percentage of blind individuals retain non-image-forming photoreception and offer a unique opportunity to investigate light impacts in the absence of conscious vision, presumably through ipRGCs. Here, we show that three such patients were able to choose nonrandomly about the presence of light despite their complete lack of sight. Furthermore, 2 sec of blue light modified EEG activity when administered simultaneously to auditory stimulations. fMRI further showed that, during an auditory working memory task, less than a minute of blue light triggered the recruitment of supplemental prefrontal and thalamic brain regions involved in alertness and cognition regulation as well as key areas of the default mode network. These results, which have to be considered as a proof of concept, show that non-image-forming photoreception triggers some awareness for light and can have a more rapid impact on human cognition than previously understood, if brain processing is actively engaged. Furthermore, light stimulates higher cognitive brain activity, independently of vision, and engages supplemental brain areas to perform an ongoing cognitive process. To our knowledge, our results constitute the first indication that ipRGC signaling may rapidly affect fundamental cerebral organization, so that it could potentially participate to the regulation of numerous aspects of human brain function.
Relationship of nutritional status to health and societal participation in children with cerebral palsy.

OBJECTIVES To describe nutritional status in a population-based sample of children with moderate or severe cerebral palsy (CP) and to explore the relationships between nutritional status and health and functional outcomes. STUDY DESIGN A population-based strategy was used to enroll children with CP at 6 geographic sites. Research assistants performed anthropometric assessment, determined severity of motor impairment, and interviewed caregivers with the Child Health Questionnaire and a questionnaire designed specifically for this study. Anthropometric measures were converted to Z scores and the relationship between health and nutritional status was assessed using regression models. RESULTS Among the 235 participants, indicators of malnutrition were common. Poor nutritional status correlated with increased health care utilization (hospitalizations, doctor visits) and decreased participation in usual activities by the child and parent. CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition is common in children with moderate or severe CP and associated with poorer health status and limitations in societal participation. Further studies are needed to determine the nature of these associations and how to manage nutrition in children with CP to optimize growth and health outcomes.