Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Implementing Deniable Storage Encryption for Mobile Devices

Data confidentiality can be effectively preserved through encryption. In certain situations, this is inadequate, as users may be coerced into disclosing their decryption keys. In this case, the data must be hidden so that its very existence can be denied. Steganographic techniques and deniable encryption algorithms have been devised to address this specific problem. Given the recent proliferation of smartphones and tablets, we examine the feasibility and efficacy of deniable storage encryption for mobile devices. We evaluate existing, and discover new, challenges that can compromise plausibly deniable encryption (PDE) in a mobile environment. To address these obstacles, we design a system called Mobiflage that enables PDE on mobile devices by hiding encrypted volumes within random data on a device’s external storage. We leverage lessons learned from known issues in deniable encryption in the desktop environment, and design new countermeasures for threats specific to mobile systems. Key features of Mobiflage include: deniable file systems with limited impact on throughput; efficient storage use with no data expansion; and restriction/prevention of known sources of leakage and disclosure. We provide a proof-of-concept implementation for the Android OS to assess the feasibility and performance of Mobiflage. We also compile a list of best practices users should follow to restrict other known forms of leakage and collusion that may compromise deniability.
SYNTHESIS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED AND SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN DIPLOID LYMPHOCYTES

The half disappearance time for detectable plasma membrane-associated and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin after treatment of continuously growing diploid lymphocytes with inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis was studied. Also, the amount of plasma membrane-associated and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin of synchronized cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle has been studied. Plasma membrane-associated immunoglobulin has a half disappearance time of 45 min after inhibition of protein synthesis. By contrast, after treatment of cells with actinomycin D for 24 hr, plasma membrane-associated immunoglobulin remains relatively unchanged whereas cytoplasmic immunoglobulin decreased by almost 90%. In the G1 phase of the cell cycle, plasma membrane-associated immunoglobulin and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin were 70 and 10%, respectively, of that in logarithmically growing cells, and the half disappearance of M-Ig after treatment of cells with puromycin was again 45 min. In toto, these results suggest that perhaps secreted and plasma membrane-associated immunoglobulin may be separately controlled by the cells.
Dynamic Updating of Working Memory Resources for Visual Objects

Recent neurophysiological and imaging studies have investigated how neural representations underlying working memory (WM) are dynamically updated for objects presented sequentially. Although such studies implicate information encoded in oscillatory activity across distributed brain networks, interpretation of findings depends crucially on the underlying conceptual model of how memory resources are distributed. Here, we quantify the fidelity of human memory for sequences of colored stimuli of different orientation. The precision with which each orientation was recalled declined with increases in total memory load, but also depended on when in the sequence it appeared. When one item was prioritized, its recall was enhanced, but with corresponding decrements in precision for other objects. Comparison with the same number of items presented simultaneously revealed an additional performance cost for sequential display that could not be explained by temporal decay. Memory precision was lower for sequential compared with simultaneous presentation, even when each item in the sequence was presented at a different location. Importantly, stochastic modeling established this cost for sequential display was due to misbinding object features (color and orientation). These results support the view that WM resources can be dynamically and flexibly updated as new items have to be stored, but redistribution of resources with the addition of new items is associated with misbinding object features, providing important constraints and a framework for interpreting neural data.
The Long Term Performance of Initial Public Offerings

In this study, I examine the long-run performance of a sample of 1,011 firms that made initial public offerings in 1994 and 1995. I find that these firms significantly underperform the market in the three years following their IPO. I also examine a number of cross-sectional patterns observed in previous literature and find that underwriter reputation, first-day returns, the market return prior to the offering and venture capital ownership have statistically and economically significant relationships with long run returns. These results are consistent with Miller’s (1977) and Jarrow’s (1980) models of asset pricing in a market where short selling is restricted and investors have heterogeneous expectations.
The Influence of Downsizing Organisational Strategies on Survivor Qualities in an Economically Volatile Environment

Abstract Research evidence has tended to trivialise the influence of downsizing strategy variables on survivor qualities after downsizing (Rinkwest 2003). This study examined the influence of communication, victim and survivor support on survivor quality components (attitude, commitment and motivation) after downsizing in selected manufacturing organisations in an economically unstable environment. One hundred and fifty survivors (n = 150) participated in the study. Using the no intercept multivariate multiple regression analysis, results showed that communication alone had a significant influence on survivor attitude, while communication and victim support had significant influence on survivor motivation and commitment. Suggestions for the effective management of survivors after downsizing are provided.
College Student for a Day: A Transition Program for High School Students with Disabilities.

High school students with disabilities can benefit from early exposure to campus-based accommodations and supports as they transition to college. College Student for a Day (CSFAD) is an on-campus activity-based program that introduces high school students with disabilities to supports and accommodations on a college campus. This Practice Brief describes the planning, implementation and follow-up activities associated with the CSFAD program as well as outcome observations and implications for future programming.
Developing Organizational Revenge Scale and Examining Teachers’ Opinions about Organizational Revenge

Article History: Received 04.12. 2015 Received in revised form 08.02. 2016 Accepted 27.02. 2016 Available online 10.07. 2016 In educational organizations, because of constant communication with all stakeholder, employees who may from time to time makes you feel a sense of revenge. The purpose of this study is to develop an organisational revenge scale to be used in educational institutions and to investigate the opinions of teachers regarding revenge seeking behaviour. In this study survey method was used. The data for the research was collected from 270 public school teachers assigned in the central province of Ankara in the 2014-2015 school year. 62% of the participants were female and 36.4% were male. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), total correlation of items, the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), arithmetical mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA were used for the analysis of the data. According to EFA results the scale comprised of three factors. In order to validate the factor structure of the scale, a CFA was carried out, whereby the results showed the fit indices were of the desired level. According to the reliability analysis conducted for the scales, the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient and the split-half validity coefficients were on and above the border of . 70, thus making the scale reliable. Analysis conducted according to the variables of sex and level of education showed no significant difference, while analysis of variables for level of seniority and school type showed a significant difference between the teachers’ opinions in regards to the dimension of behavioral reactions. © 2016 IOJES. All rights reserved
Consent to Specimen Storage and Continuing Studies by Race and Ethnicity: A Large Dataset Analysis Using the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Purpose. To determine if significant differences exist in consent rates for biospecimen storage and continuing studies between non-Hispanic Whites and minority ethnic groups in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods. Using logistic regression, we analyzed 2011-2012 NHANES data to determine whether race/ethnicity, age, gender, and education level influence consent to specimen storage or future testing. Results. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, some minorities were less willing to donate a specimen for storage and continuing studies, including other Hispanics (non-Mexican) (OR 0.236, 95% CI: 0.079, 0.706), non-Hispanic Asians (OR 0.212, 95% CI: 0.074, 0.602), and other/multiracial ethnic groups (OR 0.189, 95% CI: 0.037, 0.957). Within race and ethnic groups, those aged 20–39 years (OR 2.215, 95% CI: 1.006–4.879) and 40–59 years (OR 9.375, 95% CI: 2.163–40.637) are more willing than those over 60 years to provide consent. Conclusion. Lower consent rates by other Hispanics, non-Hispanic Asians, and other/multiracial individuals in this study represent the first published comparison of consent rates among these groups to our knowledge. To best meet the health care needs of this segment of the population and to aid in designing future genetic studies, reassessment of ethnic minority groups concerning these issues is important.
Testing for Time-variation in Beta in India

The beta of a stock is important in a variety of contexts, ranging from the cost of capital, asset-pricing theory, to hedging using index derivatives. It is common to measure betas by estimating the market model using straight ordinary least square (OLS) regression in obtaining beta estimates. This assumes that betas are constant, despite strong economic arguments in favour of time-varying betas. In this article, we test for time-varying betas in the context of a market model with Generalised Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) errors, using the modified Kalman filter of Harvey et al. (1992). The null of beta constancy is rejected for 52 per cent of stocks. This has significant implications for portfolio diversification and hedging.
PreTCR and TCRγδ Signal Initiation in Thymocyte Progenitors Does Not Require Domains Implicated in Receptor Oligomerization

T cell receptor chains lacking oligomerization domains can drive the development of early thymocyte progenitors. Driving Thymocyte Development The development of thymocytes into two different classes of T cells, as defined by their T cell receptors (TCRs), depends on the abundance of distinct TCR chains (αβ versus γδ) at the cell surface and on the relative strengths of the signals generated by these receptors. Signal initiation at the point at which cell fate is determined (the β checkpoint) is ligand-independent and thought to be a result of the oligomerization of TCRs, which triggers downstream signaling. However, Mahtani-Patching et al. showed that thymocytes expressing preTCR (the precursor of αβ) or γδ TCRs devoid of the extracellular domains or residues previously implicated in receptor oligomerization can still drive thymocytes through the β selection checkpoint. Furthermore, thymocytes expressing TCRγδ that lacked all of their extracellular immunoglobulin domains also underwent signal initiation. Together, these findings suggest that thymocyte cell fate is controlled by the relative abundance of the appropriate TCR chains at the cell surface, rather than by their oligomerization. Whether thymocytes adopt an αβ or a γδ T cell fate in the thymus is determined at the β selection checkpoint by the relatively weak or strong signals that are delivered by either the pre–T cell receptor (preTCR) or the γδ TCR, respectively. Signal initiation at the β selection checkpoint is thought to be independent of ligand engagement of these receptors. Some reports have suggested that receptor oligomerization, which is thought to be mediated by either the immunoglobulin (Ig)–like domain of the preTCRα (pTα) chain or the variable domain of TCRδ, is a unifying mechanism that initiates signaling in early CD4−CD8− double-negative (DN) thymocyte progenitors. Here, we demonstrate that the extracellular regions of pTα and TCRδ that are implicated in mediating receptor oligomerization were not required for signal initiation from the preTCR or TCRγδ. Indeed, a truncated TCRγδ that lacked all of its extracellular Ig-like domains still formed a signaling-competent TCR that drove cells through the β selection checkpoint. These observations suggest that signal initiation in DN thymocytes is simply a consequence of the surface-pairing of TCR chains, with signal strength being a function of the abundances of surface TCRs. Thus, processes that regulate the surface abundances of TCR complexes in DN cells, such as oligomerization-induced endocytosis, would be predicted to have a major influence in determining whether cells adopt an αβ versus γδ T cell fate.
Stability of flux compactifications and the pattern of supersymmetry breaking

We extend the KKLT approach to moduli stabilization by including the dilaton and the complex structure moduli into the effective supergravity theory. Decoupling of the dilaton is neither always possible nor necessary for the existence of stable minima with zero (or positive) cosmological constant. The pattern of supersymmetry breaking can be much richer than in the decoupling scenario of KKLT.
On two biased graph processes

In [Amir et al.], the authors consider the generalization $\Gor$ of the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph process $G$, where instead of adding new edges uniformly, $\Gor$ gives a weight of size 1 to missing edges between pairs of isolated vertices, and a weight of size $K\in[0,\infty)$ otherwise. This can correspond to the linking of settlements or the spreading of an epidemic. The authors investigate $\tgor(K)$, the critical time for the appearance of a giant component as a function of $K$, and prove that $\tgor=(1+o(1))\frac{4}{\sqrt{3K}}$, using a proper timescale. In this work, we show that a natural variation of the model $\Gor$ has interesting properties. Define the process $\Gand$, where a weight of size $K$ is assigned to edges between pairs of non-isolated vertices, and a weight of size 1 otherwise. We prove that the asymptotical behavior of the giant component threshold is essentially the same for $\Gand$, and namely $\tgand / \tgor$ tends to $\frac{64\sqrt{6}}{\pi(24+\pi^2)}\approx 1.47$ as $K\to\infty$. However, the corresponding thresholds for connectivity satisfy $\tcand / \tcor=\max\{{1/2},K\}$ for every $K>0$. Following the methods of [Amir et al.], $\tgand$ is characterized as the singularity point to a system of differential equations, and computer simulations of both models agree with the analytical results as well as with the asymptotic analysis. In the process, we answer the following question: when does a giant component emerge in a graph process where edges are chosen uniformly out of all edges incident to isolated vertices, while such exist, and otherwise uniformly? This corresponds to the value of $\tgand(0)$, which we show to be ${3/2}+\frac{4}{3\mathrm{e}^2-1}$.
Credit Constraints, Cyclical Fiscal Policy and Industry Growth

This paper evaluates whether the cyclical pattern of fiscal policy can affect growth. We first build a simple endogenous growth model where entrepreneurs can invest either in short-run projects or in long-term growth enhancing projects. Long-term projects involve a liquidity risk which credit constrained firms try to overcome by borrowing on the basis of their short-run profits. By increasing firms' market size in recessions, a countercyclical fiscal policy will boost investment in productivity-enhancing long-term projects, and the more so in sectors that rely more on external financing or which display lower asset tangibility. Second, the paper tests this prediction using Rajan and Zingales (1998)'s diff-and-diff methodology on a panel data sample of manufacturing industries across 17 OECD countries over the period 1980-2005. The evidence confirms that the positive effects of a more countercyclical fiscal policy on value added growth, productivity growth, and R&D expenditure, are indeed larger in industries with heavier reliance on external finance or lower asset tangibility.
Strategic Orientation of Knowledge Management and Information Technology and their effects on Performance

Recently, a great number of theoretical frameworks have been proposed to develop the linkages between knowledge management (KM) and organizational strategy. While there has been much theorizing and case study in the area, validated research models integrating KM strategy and information technology (IT) strategy for empirical testing of these theories have been scarce. It is though that the rapid progress of IT has been provided a good solution to support KM practices. Choosing the proper ITs to fit with different KM strategies is critical for organizations. Effective KM activities require employing KM strategies, as well as IT, appropriately. That is, as long as the KM strategy has been determined within an organization, the IT strategy must be followed. In this present research, we try to develop and examine a research model for explaining the relationships between KM strategy, IT strategy, and their effects on performance. Empirical data for hypotheses testing are collected from top-ranked companies in Taiwan; yielding 161 valid samples. The findings showed that KM strategy has a positive direct effect upon IT strategy; KM strategy and IT strategy have significant positive effects upon KM performance and IT performance respectively, and then collectively, have impact upon business performance. Finally, from the empirical data analysis, meaningful findings and conclusions are derived, and suggestions for future research are proposed and discussed.
Spirituality, Religion, and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Recovering From an Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective: To assess the prospective relationship between spiritual experiences and health in a sample of patients surviving an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with depression or low social support. Methods: A subset of 503 patients participating in the enhancing recovery in coronary heart disease (ENRICHD) trial completed a Daily Spiritual Experiences (DSE) questionnaire within 28 days from the time of their AMI. The questionnaire assessed three spirituality variables—worship service/church attendance, prayer/meditation, and total DSE score. Patients also completed the Beck Depression Inventory to assess depressive symptoms and the ENRICHD Social Support Inventory to determine perceived social support. The sample was subsequently followed prospectively every 6 months for an average of 18 months to assess all-cause mortality and recurrent AMI. Results: Of the 503 participants who completed the DSE questionnaire at the time of index AMI, 61 (12%) participants either died or sustained a recurrent MI during the follow-up period. After adjustment for gender, education level, ethnicity, and a composite medical prognosis risk score derived specifically for the ENRICHD trial, we observed no relationship between death or nonfatal AMI and total spirituality as measured by the DSE (p = .446), worship service attendance (p = .120), or frequency of prayer/meditation (p = .679). Conclusion: We found little evidence that self-reported spirituality, frequency of church attendance, or frequency of prayer is associated with cardiac morbidity or all-cause mortality post AMI in patients with depression and/or low perceived support. AMI = acute myocardial infarction; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; CHD = coronary heart disease; DSE = Daily Spiritual Experiences scale; ECG = electrocardiogram; ENRICHD = Enhancing Recovery In Coronary Heart Disease; ESSI = ENRICHD Social Support Inventory; HR = hazard ratio.
Behavioural Differences between Single Scandinavian Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) and Females with Dependent Young When Experimentally Approached by Humans

Carnivore-human encounters that result in human injury present a conservation and management challenge and it is therefore important to understand under what conditions such incidents occur. Females with cubs are often involved when humans are injured by brown bears Ursus arctos. In Scandinavia, this is particularly true for unarmed recreational forest users. Our aim was to document behavioural differences between single bears and females with cubs in order to develop recommendations to minimize the risk of injuries to recreational forest users. We documented the reactions of GPS-collared females with cubs and single brown bears to experimental approaches by humans to 50 m from the bear on 42 and 108 occasions, respectively. The majority of females with cubs (95%) and single bears (89%) left when approached. Bears that left were passed at shorter distances and were in more open areas than those that stayed. Both groups had similar flight initiation distances, which were longer for bears that were active at the time of the disturbance. Females with cubs selected more open habitat than single bears, also for the new site they selected following disturbance. Females with cubs, particularly active females with cubs of the year, moved greater distances and spent more time active following the approach. Females with cubs and single bears were seen or heard in 26% and 14% of the approaches, respectively. None of the bears displayed any aggressive behaviour during the approaches. Females with cubs selected more open habitat, perhaps predisposing them to encountering people that are not involved in hunting activities, which might be the primary explanation why females with cubs are most frequently involved when unarmed people are injured by bears in Scandinavia. To mitigate injury risks, one must consider factors that bring bears closer to human activity in the first place.
Own-Race Faces Capture Attention Faster than Other-Race Faces: Evidence from Response Time and the N2pc

Studies have shown that people are better at recognizing human faces from their own-race than from other-races, an effect often termed the Own-Race Advantage. The current study investigates whether there is an Own-Race Advantage in attention and its neural correlates. Participants were asked to search for a human face among animal faces. Experiment 1 showed a classic Own-Race Advantage in response time both for Chinese and Black South African participants. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), Experiment 2 showed a similar Own-Race Advantage in response time for both upright faces and inverted faces. Moreover, the latency of N2pc for own-race faces was earlier than that for other-race faces. These results suggested that own-race faces capture attention more efficiently than other-race faces.