Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equity In Mathematics Education: Influences Of Feminism And Culture

Introduction: Equity in Mathematics Education, Gabriele Kaiser and Pat Rogers. Part 1 Effecting Change: Intervening with Female Students, Working with Future Teachers, Focusing on Practising Teachers and Educating the Public: The METRO Achievement Program: Helping Inner-city Girls Excel, Denisse R. Thompson Who Wants to Feel Stupid All of the Time? , Olive Fullerton Assisting Women to Complete Graduate Degree, Lynn Friedman A National Network of Women: Why, How and For What? , Barbro Grevholm Women Do Maths, Claudie Solar, Louise Lafortune and Helene Kayler "Girls and Computers": Making Teachers Aware of the Problems, Cornelia Niederdrenk-Felgner Common Threads: Perceptions of Mathematics Education and the Traditional Work of Women, Mary Harris. Part 2 The Cultural Context: Comparative Studies and Cultural Perspectives: Culture, Gender and Mathematics, Gurcharn Singh Kaeley Why Hawai'i Girls Outperform Hawai'i Boys: The Influence of Immigration and Peer Culture, Paul Brandon, Cathie Jordan and Terry Ann Higa Mathematics and New Zealand Maori Girls, Sharleen D. Forbes Equal or Different? Cultural Influences on Learning Mathematics, Gilah Leder Gender Inequity in Education: A Non-western Perspective, Saleha Naghmi Habibullah Gender and Mathematics: The Singapore Perspective, Beinderjeet Kaur The French Experience: The Effects of De-segregation, Francoise Delon The Contribution of Girls-only Schools to Mathematics and Science Education in Malawi, Pat Hiddleston. Part 3 Feminist Pedagogy in Mathematics Education: Feminist Influences and Changing the Discipline: Feminism and Strategies for Redressing Gender Imbalance in Mathematics, Roberta Mura Women's Ways of Knowing in Mathematics, Joanne Rossi Becker Putting Theory into Practice, Pat Rogers Gender Reform Through School Mathematics, Sue Willis We Don't Even Want to Play: Classroom Strategies and Curriculum Which Benefit Girls, Joanna Higgins Moving Towards a Feminist Epistemology of Mathematics, Leone Burton Mathematics: An Abstracted Discourse, Betty Johnston Mathematics: Beyong Good and Evil? , Nancy Shelley.
Profiling hospitals by survival of patients with colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE To profile hospitals by survival rates of colorectal cancer patients in multiple periods after initial treatment. DATA SOURCES California Cancer Registry data from 50,544 patients receiving primary surgery with curative intent for stage I-III colorectal cancer in 1994-1998, supplemented with hospital discharge abstracts. STUDY DESIGN We estimated a single Bayesian hierarchical model to quantify associations of survival to 30 days, 30 days to 1 year, and 1-5 years by hospital, adjusted for patient age, sex, race, stage, tumor site, and comorbidities. We compared two profiling methods for 30-day survival and four longer-term profiling methods by the fractions of hospitals with demonstrably superior survival profiles and of hospital pairs whose relative standings could be established confidently. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Interperiod correlation coefficients of the random effects are (95 percent credible interval 0.27, 0.85), (0.20, 0.76), and (0.19, 0.82). The three-period model ranks 5.4 percent of pairwise comparisons by 30-day survival with at least 95 percent confidence, versus 3.3 percent of pairs using a single-period model, and 15-20 percent by weighted multiperiod methods. CONCLUSIONS The quality of care for colorectal cancer provided by a hospital system is somewhat consistent across the immediate postoperative and long-term follow-up periods. Combining mortality profiles across longer periods may improve the statistical reliability of outcome comparisons.
An Evaluation of Eu Legislation concerning Risk Assessment and Preventive Measures in Occupational Safety and Health. Pages 829-842

This research investigated if proportional relationships between psychophysically acceptable and maximum voluntary hand forces are dependent on the underlying biomechanical factor (i.e. whole body balance or joint strength) that limited the maximum voluntary hand force. Eighteen healthy males completed two unilateral maximal exertions followed by a 30 min psychophysical load-adjust protocol in each of nine pre-defined standing scenarios. Center of pressure (whole body balance) and joint moments (joint strength) were calculated to evaluate whether balance or joint strength was most likely limiting maximum voluntary hand force. The ratio of the psychophysically acceptable force to the maximal force was significantly different depending on the underlying biomechanical factor. Psychophysically acceptable hand forces were selected at 86.3 ± 19.7% of the maximum voluntary hand force when limited by balance (pulling exertions), 67.5 ± 15.2% when limited by joint strength (downward pressing) and 78 ± 23% when the limitation was undefined in medial exertions.
The optimism bias.

Summary The ability to anticipate is a hallmark of cognition. Inferences about what will occur in the future are critical to decision making, enabling us to prepare our actions so as to avoid harm and gain reward. Given the importance of these future projections, one might expect the brain to possess accurate, unbiased foresight. Humans, however, exhibit a pervasive and surprising bias: when it comes to predicting what will happen to us tomorrow, next week, or fifty years from now, we overestimate the likelihood of positive events, and underestimate the likelihood of negative events. For example, we underrate our chances of getting divorced, being in a car accident, or suffering from cancer. We also expect to live longer than objective measures would warrant, overestimate our success in the job market, and believe that our children will be especially talented. This phenomenon is known as the optimism bias, and it is one of the most consistent, prevalent, and robust biases documented in psychology and behavioral economics.
Beyond Gender Responsivity

Abstract As the debate regarding gender responsive strategies continues, there is little attention to differences that exist within gender. Attention to within gender differences is of particular importance in community contexts where many women involved in the criminal justice (CJ) system are located and receiving treatment with non-CJ involved women. Using a national data set we found 43.6% of the CJ women had 4 or more areas of need compared with 16.5% of non-CJ women currently in treatment. Implications for training of treatment professionals and supervising agents, as well as the need for service expansion that prevents probation/parole failures are discussed.
Examining DIR/Floortime™ as a Treatment for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Purpose: To review and assess theory and research supporting DIR/Floortime™, a method proposed for treatment of young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods: Published materials describing the principles of DIR/Floortime™ were evaluated. Published outcome research articles were assessed for the adequacy of their design and implementation and the extent to which their conclusions were supported. Results: The theoretical basis of DIR/Floortime™ appears to be generally plausible. Of the 10 outcome research articles in print, all concluding that DIR™ effectively treated ASD, five provided a comparison group, or used a randomized design, or did both. These studies failed to equalize the duration and frequency of DIR™ and the comparison treatment. Conclusions: DIR™ can be considered by social work practitioners as a possibility for evidence-based practice (EBP), but not as an evidence-based treatment (EBT). Further outcome research needs to concentrate not only on randomized design but on other design issues.
Motivation Related to Performance of Physical Fitness Tests

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of six motivating conditions on the performances of sixth-grade children on seven physical fitness tests. Data were obtained from three administrations of the seven tests, the final two of which were conducted with the subjects of the experimental groups performing under one of six motivating conditions. Two of the motivating conditions were found to be more effective than the other four, and motivation improved boys' performances more than girl's performances. The validity of the measures of physical fitness tests is dependent upon the motivating conditions under which the tests are administered.
Focal adhesion disassembly is regulated by a RIAM to MEK-1 pathway

Summary Cell migration and invasion require regulated turnover of integrin-dependent adhesion complexes. Rap1-GTP-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) is an adaptor protein that mediates talin recruitment to the cell membrane, and whose depletion leads to defective melanoma cell migration and invasion. In this study, we investigated the potential involvement of RIAM in focal adhesion (FA) dynamics. RIAM-depleted melanoma and breast carcinoma cells displayed an increased number, size and stability of FAs, which accumulated centrally at the ventral cell surface, a phenotype caused by defective FA disassembly. Impairment in FA disassembly resulting from RIAM knockdown correlated with deficient integrin-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)–Erk1/2 activation and, importantly, overexpression of constitutively active MEK resulted in rescue of FA disassembly and recovery of cell invasion. Furthermore, RIAM-promoted Ras homologue gene family, member A (RhoA) activation following integrin engagement was needed for subsequent Erk1/2 activation. In addition, RhoA overexpression partially rescued the FA phenotype in RIAM-depleted cells, also suggesting a functional role for RhoA downstream of RIAM, but upstream of Erk1/2. RIAM knockdown also led to enhanced phosphorylation of paxillin Tyr118 and Tyr31. However, expression of phosphomimetic and nonphosphorylatable mutants at these paxillin residues indicated that paxillin hyperphosphorylation is a subsequent consequence of the blockade of FA disassembly, but does not cause the FA phenotype. RIAM depletion also weakened the association between FA proteins, suggesting that it has important adaptor roles in the correct assembly of adhesion complexes. Our data suggest that integrin-triggered, RIAM-dependent MEK activation represents a key feedback event required for efficient FA disassembly, which could help explain the role of RIAM in cell migration and invasion.
An evaluation of the FRIENDS for Life intervention with an autistic spectrum population: evaluating the impact on children's anxiety

This study presents an evaluation of the FRIENDS for Life program (Barrett, 2010) with an autism spectrum (AS) population. FRIENDS for Life is an intervention program underpinned by the principles of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with a primary aim of reducing participant anxiety levels (Barrett, 2010). Existing research suggests it is an effective intervention in reducing participant anxiety levels (Briesch, Hagermoser Sanetti and Briesch, 2010) and it has been recognised by the World Health Organisation (2004) as the only evidence based program effective in reducing anxiety as a universal and targeted intervention. In recent years an evidence base for the application of CBT with children with AS has emerged, though primarily this research has been conducted in a clinical setting. Therefore this study aims to contribute to both evidence bases through implementing the FRIENDS for Life program within a new population as well as contributing to the broader evidence base evaluating the effectiveness of CBT with children with AS. The study adopted a post positivist epistemology and used a single case experimental design (SCED) to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention in reducing the anxiety of four participants, aged nine to eleven, accessing special school provision. Anxiety was measured during a baseline, intervention and follow up phase using two weekly measures: the Paediatric Index of Emotional Distress (PI-ED;O'Connor et al, 2010); a short pupil questionnaire, and a weekly observation of participant behaviour. These measures were also triangulated with pre and post measures of anxiety using the Spence Child Anxiety Scale, child (Spence, 1997) and parent (Spence, 1999) version, and the School Anxiety Scale- Teacher Form (Lyneham, Street, Abbott and Rapee, 2008). Outcomes from the SCED showed that for all four pupils there was a significant decrease in anxiety from baseline to follow up on at least one weekly measure of anxiety, indicating a delayed effect on anxiety. The parent, child and teacher report triangulation measures suggested there was no significant change in anxiety post intervention. When considering outcomes, several key limitations to the study's design and implementation were taken into account including threats to construct validity and missing data in the intervention phase for two participants. The study concludes with support for the positive impact on participant anxiety as a result of the FRIENDS for Life intervention and recommendations are made for further investigation of the use of CBT interventions in schools with an AS population.
Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes and Its Associated Risk Factors in Rural Areas of Ningbo, China

Objective: The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of pre-diabetes and explore its associated risk factors in rural areas of Ningbo, China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 4583 adult residents in rural areas of Ningbo, China between March and May 2013. The survey used a multi-stage, stratified, cluster sampling method. Data collected included demographics and medical history, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, blood lipid, and plasma glucose. After at least 10 h of overnight fasting, participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to identify pre-diabetes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associated risk factors for pre-diabetes, and to estimate the effect of interaction between the factors. Results: There were 1307 survey participants having pre-diabetes (28.52%) and the age-standardized prevalence was 30.53%. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that overweight/obesity, hypertension, and higher triglycerides were the risk factors for developing pre-diabetes. There were positive interactions between overweight/obesity and triglycerides, and also between hypertension and triglycerides on the multiplicative scale, suggesting that they synergistically influenced the development of pre-diabetes. Conclusions: The rural areas in Ningbo had a high prevalence of pre-diabetes. Overweight and obesity, hypertension, and elevated triglycerides were the major risk factors. There is a need of early intervention for preventing pre-diabetes.
Concentration gradients for inorganic I131 and chloride in mixed human saliva.

The ability of the thyroid gland to accumulate inorganic iodide and to ntain higher concentrations than those found in the serum has been described recently by Vanderlaan and Vanderlaan (1) and by Taurog, Chaikoff and Feller (2). This process is independent of organic iodination and can be dissociated from subsequent phases of the synthesis of thyroid hormone (3, 4). The mechanism of the thyroidal "iodide trap" remains obscure. However, the existence of extrathyroidal sites for the selective concentration of inorganic iodide has been known for some time. In 1929, Lipschitz reported gastric juice/blood concentration ratios of 10 to 15 and saliva/blood ratios of 1.5 to 7.0 in Pavlov pouches and parotid fistulae of dogs which had been given up to twenty milligrams per kilogram of sodium iodide intravenously (5). After larger doses of iodide, gradients were reversibly depressed and the concentration of iodide in alimentary secretions progressively approached that of blood. Barkan and Leistner demonstrated that this transport mechanism was specific for inorganic iodide (6). Following the administration of an iodinated protein ("Iodtropon," i.e., iodinated egg-white), they observed negligible amounts of iodide in gastric juice and saliva. Moreover, massive amounts of thyroxine did not increase alimentary concentrations of iodide beyond levels which might be anticipated from the metabolic degradation of thyroid hormone into inorganic iodide (7). The early German observations have been amply confirmed by later studies of the iodide content of saliva (8-12) and gastric juice (10, 13). However, analytical methods for
Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Box Beam Strengthened with CFRP U-Wrap Strips Under Torsion

The present study focuses on the torsional strengthening behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) box section beams that are widely used in bridges. Four RC box beams were fabricated, and three of them were wrapped by carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) U-wrap strips with or without longitudinal strips. The different wrapping configuration, cracking angle, failure pattern, and tensile strain of fibers were investigated and discussed accordingly. The experimental results addressed that U-wrap strips strengthening also can upgrade the ultimate torque of beams moderately. In particular, using U-wrap and longitudinal strips to bond the box beams increased the torsional stiffness slightly. The same equation from different codes for calculating RC specimens can accurately predict the ultimate strength of the control beam, but the calculation of the fib model overestimated the torsional strengthening improvement of the wrapped specimens. However, Ghobarah et al. assumed approximately 3000μe of the average ultimate fiber strain in calculating the ultimate strength of the wrapped box beams which shows in relatively appropriate agreement with testing results.
A heuristic evaluation instrument for e-government online software

An important component of e-government maturity is online software tools for financial analysis directly on the website. This paper develops a novel extension of website heuristic evaluation methodology, contributing a set of guidelines which encompasses not only website content, but also online software quality, based on established software evaluation concerns. Interactive online retirement and tax planning software tools are used as exemplars to demonstrate the evaluation methodology. Online software tools from five nations in four regions of the globe are evaluated for three different kinds of tasks. Results indicate that such tools have considerable room for improvement.
Teaching to the Test: What Every Educator and Policy-Maker Should Know.

The job of any teacher is first and foremost to promote learning in their students. Student learning should emphasize applied learning and thinking skills, not just declarative knowledge and basic skills (Jones, 2004). Ideally, students are able to develop the skills necessary to take what they have learned and apply this knowledge in a novel situation. In this sense, teachers are promoting authentic learning within their classrooms. In North America, however, high-stakes testing procedures have interfered with these goals, and are increasingly used to measure student knowledge and gauge the effectiveness of instruction. Each spring teachers throughout Canada are required to administer a series of provincially mandated tests to students in their classrooms (Simner, 2000). These standardized tests are often used to make comparisons across students, schools, and boards of education. Individual teachers and schools are often blamed for poor test results, which are typically reported in the press. Standardized tests, when used appropriately, help teachers identify student strengths and weaknesses (McMillan, 2000). A standardized test is one that is administered and scored under uniform and controlled conditions (Payne, 2003). Used most commonly in K-12 schools, standardized tests are intended to measure learning outcomes and skills that are common to the curricula in a vast number of schools and school districts (Chatterji, 2003). Students typically complete norm-referenced tests that compare their performance to a representative sample of students in a norm group (e.g., a group of students at the national, regional, or provincial/state level) (Gronlund, 2003). Other students undertake criterion-referenced tests that compare their performance to a preset standard of acceptable performance in a particular area (Borich & Tombari, 2004). Both norm-referenced and criterion-referenced test results are increasingly used as benchmarks of success in North American schools.
Atherosclerotic Plaque in the Left Carotid Artery Is More Vulnerable Than in the Right

Background and Purpose— Ischemic stroke is more often diagnosed in the left hemisphere than in the right. It is unknown whether this asymmetrical prevalence relates to differences in carotid atherosclerosis. We compared atherosclerotic plaque prevalence, severity, and composition between left and right carotid arteries. Methods— In a population-based cohort, carotid MRI scanning was performed in 1414 stroke-free participants (≥45 years). Using a multisequence MRI protocol, we assessed the prevalence, stenosis, and thickness of the plaque and its predominant component (ie, lipid core, intraplaque hemorrhage, calcification, or fibrous tissue in each carotid artery). Differences between left and right side were tested using paired t tests, McNemar test and Generalized Estimating Equation analyses. Results— The majority (85%) of the participants had bilateral carotid plaques. Unilateral plaques were twice more prevalent on the left than on the right side (67% versus 33%; P<0.001). Plaque thickness was also greater on the left (3.1±1.2 versus 2.9±1.3 mm; P<0.001); degree of stenosis did not differ. Intraplaque hemorrhage and fibrous tissue were more prevalent on the left (9.1 versus 5.9%; P<0.001 and 45.0 versus 38.5%; P<0.001), whereas calcification occurred more often on the right (37.4 versus 31.6% at the left; P<0.001). Lipid was equally distributed. Conclusions— Carotid atherosclerotic plaque size and composition are not symmetrically distributed. Predominance of intraplaque hemorrhage in left-sided carotid plaques suggests a greater vulnerability as opposed to right-sided plaques, which are more calcified and therefore considered more stable.
Non-Cooperative Bundling Games [ Extended

Bundling is a basic problem in commerce. We define and study the Bundling Game: each of n players with a unique product to sell can choose to sell their products in bundles with other players’ products so as to maximize their payoff; the players all have knowledge of the valuations of m (potential) buyers for each of the products. We define two natural classes of payoff functions Fair Profit Sharing Functions (FPSFs) and Incentive Functions (IFs). For the former we prove the surprising impossibility result that there exists no FPSF that can always guarantee stability (a pure Nash equilibrium). We counterbalance this result by showing that pure Nash equilibria always exist for IFs and obtain tight bounds on the Price of Anarchy. Motivated by the bundling game, we present hardness results and approximation algorithms for the optimization problems of finding revenue maximizing bundlings and bundles, and associated variants.