Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed pedagogical leadership in support of student transitions

This article examines how, through uncovering collaborative leadership, the whole school staff is able to understand its common endeavours to support heterogeneous students’ fluent learning paths. For this, a notion of distributed pedagogical leadership (DPL) is drawn upon. DPL concerns everyone in the school community, not only leaders and management. It means abandoning role, instrumental or process centricity and moving towards leadership that is characterized as the innermost qualities of a professional learning community. This kind of leadership is best described with 10 ‘keys’ as 10 key attributes. To understand DPL in practice, quantitative data both from a nationwide Finnish survey and a case study school are analysed, with supporting qualitative data from interviews of the leadership team in this particular school. The article presents and compares leaders’ and the staff’s experiences of DPL with regard to transition practices in Finnish vocational education.
A systematic review of variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

With thyroid cancer fast becoming one of the most common endocrine cancers, the frequency of thyroid surgery has increased. A common and debilitating concern with thyroid surgery is recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis leading to glottal obstruction and airway compromise. A systematic review regarding the anatomical variation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was performed to determine the position of anatomical variants of the RLN in relation to the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) as well as the prevalence of nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN). MEDLINE, Web of Science, MEDITEXT, AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane, ProQuest, Pubmed, and ScienceDirect. Databases were searched using the search terms “inferior thyroid artery,” “recurrent laryngeal nerve,” “nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve,” and “anatomical variation. ” The reference sections of the articles found were searched for additional reports. The references of all articles were searched to find articles missed in the database search. A total of 8,655 RLN sides were included in this study. One thousand eight hundred and thirteen (20.95%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 20.09, 2,182) showed a Type A configuration of RLN in relation to the ITA, 2,432 (28.10%; 95% CI 27.15, 29.06) showed a Type B configuration and 4,410 (50.95%; 95% CI 49.89, 52.01) showed a Type C configuration between the RLN and the ITA. The second search returned with 38,568 recurrent laryngeal sides and only 221 (0.57%; 95%CI 0.5, 0.65) NRLN documented. The RLN is most commonly found in the posterior position, relative to the ITA. The incidence of the NRLN is low, only occurring in 0.57% of people. Clin. Anat. 29:104–110, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perceptual Differences in Assessing the Harm of Patronizing Adult Entertainment Clubs

Prostitution is one of the most severe social problems in Taiwan and a long-term concern of numerous studies (Chiu, 1991). Although it is illegal, prostitution appears almost everywhere in hotels, night clubs, underworld brothels, massage parlors, teahouses, hair salons in business districts as well as residential areas. Among places of prostitution, adult entertainment clubs are the most widespread (Hwang & Bedford, 2003). According to a survey by the Taiwan Academia Sinica in 1994, 68 percent of the respondents perceived prostitution as a serious or very serious problem for Taiwanese society (Chang & Fu, 2002). In 2001, the percentage of Taiwanese who perceived prostitution as a serious or very serious social problem increased to 75 percent. Previous research on prostitution focused on assessing public attitudes toward prostitution and the sex industry (Chang, 1997; Chang & Liu, 2003; Yang, 2003). Other studies analyzed the problem from a legal and policy-making perspective to explore approaches to restrict adult entertainment establishments (Cheng, 2000; C. C. Hsu & Y. S. Chen, 2003; H. Y. Hsu & C. Y. Chen, 2003; Yang, Yi, & Chiu, 2003). None of the previous studies, however, examined the public’s perceptions of the harm of adult entertainment clubs, especially the perceptual discrepancy in assessing the vulnerability of self relative to others. The purpose of this study is to fill the gap by exploring the perceived harm of visiting adult entertainment clubs and whether the perceived harm will influence the public’s support for restrictions on the sex trade. In the context of assessing the effect of media content, the third-person effect hypothesis proposes that people tend to perceive mass media as having a greater effect on others than on self (Davison, 1983). Numerous third-person effect studies suggest that people who tend to overestimate media effects on others are more likely to support restrictions on media content to protect the others (Gunther, 1991; Lo & Wei, 2002; Salwen, 1998). In the context of assessing vulnerability to risks such as contracting HIV/AIDS, the optimistic bias hypothesis holds that people tend to underestimate their probability of encountering negative life events (Weinstein, 1980). The hypothesis explains why people fail to take preventive action (Chapin, 2001). With a self–other comparative perspective, the present study has two goals: (1) it seeks to examine the self–other gap in perceiving the negative influence of sex clubs, with an emphasis on the role of personal experience in visiting these clubs as an influence on the perceptual discrepancy; (2) the study investigates the gender difference in self–other comparisons and in support for restrictions on sex clubs because the relationship between gender and perceptual bias regarding risks
Context-dependent incremental learning of good maximally redundant tests

A new approach to incremental learning of Good Maximally Redundant Diagnostic Tests (GMRTs) is advanced. A GMRT is a special formal concept in Formal Concept Analysis. Mining GMRTs from data is based on Galois' lattice construction. Four situations of learning are considered: inserting an object (value) and deleting an object (value). The approach proposed can be very useful for many information retrieval applications related to the changeable environment: mining logical rules from dynamic databases, intrusion detection, Web page classification, Web mining, constructing dynamic knowledge bases and many others.
A classification framework for out-of-home advertising media in South Africa

Abstract Out-of-home (OOH) advertising media have expanded worldwide and the shape and format of these media globally, as well as in South Africa, have changed considerably. Until recently, the OOH advertising media landscape consisted primarily of outdoor advertising or billboards reaching vehicular traffic, but now has expanded to include a wide range of OOH advertising media types which aim to reach a mobile audience wherever they live, work, play, drive, shop or commute. Currently there is no coherent contemporary framework to compare and select the most effective media options to reach a selected target market in a specific OOH audience environment. This article draws from academic and practitioner sources to propose a classification framework for OOH advertising media in South Africa comprising four major platforms: outdoor advertising, transit media advertising, street-and-retail furniture advertising, and digital and ambient OOH media channels. The framework serves to inform marketers of viable and cost-effective traditional and contemporary OOH advertising media options. It also indicates what platforms are appropriate to reach specific audiences effectively in a variety of environments outside their homes. This is the first framework of its kind for the South African context that offers an orderly, integrated basis for future research.
Boko Haram: beyond religious fanaticism

This paper highlights some of the probable risk factors to the Boko Haram insurgence and strategies to address religious violence and insurgent related activities in Nigeria. The paper argues that the Boko Haram insurgence cannot be blamed solely on religious fanaticism, but is a consequence of the combination of dynamic risk factors in the absence of protective factors, which make vulnerable young people turn into religious radicals or fanatics when seeking answers to the inadequacies in the polity and society at large. It is further argued that the containment of the Boko Haram insurgence by the Nigerian government should not be guided by the metaphor of a ‘war on terrorism’, but a long-term response to address the highlighted risk factors in all its complexity. In particular, social and political reforms to address the problems of excruciating poverty, endemic corruption, mass illiteracy, socio-political marginalisation and mass unemployment, that could motivate vulnerable youths and young persons into insurgent activities. The conclusion advocates different mechanisms in the form of protective factors against insurgence and religious violence in Nigeria, including social/political reform, capacity building/logistic capabilities, security enhancement, as well as conciliatory and peace education. Suppression and the use of force are suggested as a last resort.
An impact and feasibility evaluation of a six-week (nine hour) active play intervention on fathers’ engagement with their preschool children: a feasibility study

Research has demonstrated the benefits of father involvement with their children and a link between uninvolved fatherhood and societal problems. Children's Centres (n = 15) received 6 × 90-minute active play sessions designed to foster 6 aspects of parental engagement. Fathers’ engagement and attitudes to child physical activity were measured pre- and post-intervention via questionnaire. Acceptability of the intervention was explored through participant and staff focus groups. Results showed no effect on overall time fathers spent with their child during the week (t (36) = 0.178, p = 0.860) and the weekend (t (36) = 1.166, p = 0.252). Qualitative results demonstrated the sessions provided opportunities for fathers to spend quality time with their children. Parenting self-efficacy increased across the subscale control, t (36) = −2.97, p = 0.04. Fathers increased awareness of their role in motivating their child to play (z = −2.46, p = 0.01). Further longitudinal research is recommended.
Creating Positive Culture in a New Urban High School

In August 2009, a new urban public high school featuring project-based science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education opened with a population of African-American, low-income, and special needs students. A planning team comprised of lead teachers and the school principal sought to create a positive school culture with a clear vision and core values that would engender relational trust, a strong sense of community, and principal and teacher co-leadership. The culture was to be supported by social structures instituted through teams, professional development, student orientations, venues for instructional innovation, and informal gathering places. This account, written by the principal, a teacher, and a university researcher, presents a first-hand narrative of how the school culture was created.
The Inner Voice in Writing

This study explores the connection between writing and working memory, specifically the role of the subvocal articulatory rehearsal process (or inner voice). The authors asked the 18 participants to type sentences describing 24 multipanel cartoons. In some conditions, the participants were required to repeat a syllable continuously while writing. This activity, called articulatory suppression, interferes with the articulatory rehearsal process. Results indicated that interfering with the articulatory rehearsal process (or inner voice) interferes with writing by slowing the rate of writing, increasing mechanical errors, changing the temporal microstructure of text production, and increasing the perceived difficulty of the writing task. The authors applied their model of written text production to provide a theoretical account for these results.
Evaluation of the secretory immunoglobulin A levels in the colostrum and milk of mothers of term and pre-term newborns.

OBJECTIVE To determine and to compare the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A in samples of colostrum and milk of mothers of term and preterm neonates. MATERIAL AND METHODS The levels of secretory immunoglobulin A of 10 mothers of term neonates and 10 mothers of preterm neonates were determined from 5 mL of colostrum or milk collected on the 1st, 4th, 10th and 15th days of the puerperal period, using the radial immunodiffusion technique. We employed anamnesis, as well as physical and gynecological exams in women in the puerperal period. All the patients were attended at the Januário Cicco Maternity College. RESULTS The secretory immunoglobulin A levels were significantly higher in the colostrum and milk of mothers of preterm neonates when compared with the levels found in colostrum and milk of mothers of term neonates (Mann-Whitney test, p<0.0001). There was a significant decline in the secretory immunoglobulin A levels of the colostrum and milk of the mothers of term and preterm neonates during the four periods (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<00001). CONCLUSIONS The secretory immunoglobulin A levels in colostrum and milk of mothers of preterm neonates were significantly higher than in the mothers of term neonates, demonstrating immunological adaptation in preterm neonate breast-feeding.
The Causes of Deforestation in Developing Countries

Abstract Developing nations are faced with a two-edged sword in the field of energy. On the one hand the rising price of oil has reduced the potential for fossil fuel energy and eroded foreign exchange reserves in oil-importing countries. At the same time deforestation may be causing increased prices or shortages of fuels such as fuelwood and charcoal. This paper reviews the most recent and sometimes controversial estimates of deforestation in developing countries and analyzes the relationship between deforestation and its probable causes. Three recent estimates of the rate of deforestation in developing countries between 1968 and 1978 are compared using rank order correlation. Two of the estimates, of closed forest and moist tropical forest, are in significant agreement but differ from a third estimate that includes open woodland and regenerating forest. Agreement is strong among all three sources for a restricted group of countries. A cross-national analysis confirms the most frequently cited causes of .
Relationship between the Use of Inhaled Steroids for Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Early Outcomes in Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Background The role of inhaled steroids in patients with chronic respiratory diseases is a matter of debate due to the potential effect on the development and prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We assessed whether treatment with inhaled steroids in patients with chronic bronchitis, COPD or asthma and CAP may affect early outcome of the acute pneumonic episode. Methods Over 1-year period, all population-based cases of CAP in patients with chronic bronchitis, COPD or asthma were registered. Use of inhaled steroids were registered and patients were followed up to 30 days after diagnosis to assess severity of CAP and clinical course (hospital admission, ICU admission and mortality). Results Of 473 patients who fulfilled the selection criteria, inhaled steroids were regularly used by 109 (23%). In the overall sample, inhaled steroids were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization (OR=1.96, p = 0.002) in the bivariate analysis, but this effect disappeared after adjusting by other severity-related factors (adjusted OR=1.08, p=0.787). This effect on hospitalization also disappeared when considering only patients with asthma (OR=1.38, p=0.542), with COPD alone (OR=4.68, p=0.194), but a protective effect was observed in CB patients (OR=0.15, p=0.027). Inhaled steroids showed no association with ICU admission, days to clinical recovery and mortality in the overall sample and in any disease subgroup. Conclusions Treatment with inhaled steroids is not a prognostic factor in COPD and asthmatic patients with CAP, but could prevent hospitalization for CAP in patients with clinical criteria of chronic bronchitis.
Performance of Three-Biomarker Immunohistochemistry for Intrinsic Breast Cancer Subtyping in the AMBER Consortium

Background: Classification of breast cancer into intrinsic subtypes has clinical and epidemiologic importance. To examine accuracy of IHC-based methods for identifying intrinsic subtypes, a three-biomarker IHC panel was compared with the clinical record and RNA-based intrinsic (PAM50) subtypes. Methods: Automated scoring of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 was performed on IHC-stained tissue microarrays comprising 1,920 cases from the African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk (AMBER) consortium. Multiple cores (1–6/case) were collapsed to classify cases, and automated scoring was compared with the clinical record and to RNA-based subtyping. Results: Automated analysis of the three-biomarker IHC panel produced high agreement with the clinical record (93% for ER and HER2, and 88% for PR). Cases with low tumor cellularity and smaller core size had reduced agreement with the clinical record. IHC-based definitions had high agreement with the clinical record regardless of hormone receptor positivity threshold (1% vs. 10%), but a 10% threshold produced highest agreement with RNA-based intrinsic subtypes. Using a 10% threshold, IHC-based definitions identified the basal-like intrinsic subtype with high sensitivity (86%), although sensitivity was lower for luminal A, luminal B, and HER2-enriched subtypes (76%, 40%, and 37%, respectively). Conclusion: Three-biomarker IHC-based subtyping has reasonable accuracy for distinguishing basal-like from nonbasal-like, although additional biomarkers are required for accurate classification of luminal A, luminal B, and HER2-enriched cancers. Impact: Epidemiologic studies relying on three-biomarker IHC status for subtype classification should use caution when distinguishing luminal A from luminal B and when interpreting findings for HER2-enriched cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(3); 470–8. ©2015 AACR.
Just an anger synonym? Moral context influences predictors of disgust word use

Are verbal reports of disgust in moral situations specific indicators of the concept of disgust, or are they used metaphorically to refer to anger? In this experiment, participants read scenarios describing a violation of a norm either about the use of the body (bodily moral) or about harm and rights (socio-moral). They then expressed disgust and anger on verbal scales, and through facial expression endorsement measures. The use of disgust words in the socio-moral condition was largely predicted by anger words and only secondarily by disgust faces, whereas in the bodily moral condition the use of disgust words was predicted to a similar extent by disgust faces and anger words. Angry faces, however, never predicted disgust words independently of anger words. These results support a middle-ground position in which disgust words concerning socio-moral violations are not entirely a metaphor for anger, but bear some relationship to other representations of disgust. In the case of socio-moral violations, however, the use of disgust language is more strongly related to anger language, and less strongly to facial representations of disgust than in the case of bodily moral violations.
HR practices during post-merger conflict and merger performance

An extensive body of literature has investigated financial and strategic variables as predictors of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) performance without finding clear relationships. The literature does not investigate remedies for conflicts in M&A. This paper aims to develop a knowledge-based theory of M&A integration, drawing upon research on HR practices in M&A, the resource-based view of the firm, and international management. The study also explores the critical differences between acquirers from various countries in the way in which human resources are managed during cross-cultural conflict situations, and tests the relationships between HR practices and post-merger performance in multiple countries. The findings show that there is no clear best practice to address the conflict situation and enhance M&A performance.
An Impact on the Relationship among Elderly's Motivation to Participate in Lifelong Education, Educational Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction

Thepurposeofthisstudywastoinvestigatetherelationshipsamongtheelderly'smotivation toparticipateinlifelongeducation,educationalsatisfactionandlifesatisfaction.Threetypesof participationmotivation(goal-orientation,activity-orientationandlearningorientation)andfour componentsofeducationalsatisfaction(educationalcontent,educationalenvironment,instructor qualityandeducationalresult)wereexaminedinthisstudy.Thesampleofthisstudywas composedof307elderlypeopleattendingin6communitycolegesfortheagedlocatedinSeoul metropolitanarea.Datawerecolectedusingstructuredquestionnairesandanalyzedemploying multipleregressionanalysisasamaindataanalysismethod.Thisstudyfoundthatparticipation motivationinlifelong educationhadapositiveeffectoneducationalsatisfactionandthat educationalsatisfactionhadapositiveeffectonqualityoflife.Thetheoreticalandpractical implicationsofthefindingswerediscussedandthedirectionsforfutureresearchweresuggested. ■ keyword : Elderly Lifelong Education Educational Satisfaction Quality of Life Religious Life 접수일자 :2014년 04월 07일 수정일자 :2014년 04월 28일 심사완료일 :2014년 05월 12일 교신저자 :임왕규,e-mail:wklim@hoseo.edu 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 '14 Vol. 14 No. 5 180
Appearance and Function of Voltage‐Dependent Ca2+ Channels during Pre‐ and Postnatal Development of Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles a

The most prominent feature of many excitable cells is their ability to respond to voltage applied across their plasma membranes. Usually, the response consists of a change in membrane permeability to specific cations due to the opening or closing of ionic channels. It has been shown that the ionic properties of most of the cell types studied are often different at the early stage of development than in the adult. ' Furthermore, during the course of development, the ionic response changes in reaction to a change in the cationic channels involved? ' These observations have raised several questions: (1) Are the changes observed common to all excitable cell types? (2) Are these changes developmentally regulated, and if so what mechanism controls them? (3) What is the role of these ionic channels in the differentiation process and in maturation of the cells? This review tries to provide partial answers to these questions using the example of the voltage-sensitive, slow Ca2+ channel, which is sensitive to dihydropyridines,8 and those throughout the development of cardiac and skeletal muscles. These two cell types were chosen for the study of the differentiation process, because many pharmacological and biochemical properties were already known for adult cells and t i s~ues . ~ . '~ This has made it easier to investigate the time course and appearance of structures that are responsible for cell excitability and to detail changes in the biochemical and functional properties of the slow, voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels from the earliest to the latest stage of development.