Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A transcultural comparison of the eating disorder inventory in former east and West Berlin

The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) was used in a transcultural study of East and West Berlin clinical and nonclinical samples at a time when the two parts of the city were still strictly separated. East Berlin patients with anorexia nervosa scored significantly lower than their Western counterparts with regard to the majority of EDI scales. Furthermore, there was a lack of discriminant validity for the -East Berlin clinical and nonclinical samples. It was speculated that this deficit might reflect a lack of transcultural validity in the psychological constructs upon which the questionnaire is based. However, the study revealed some evidence of meaningful correlations with clinical parameters. Finally, evidence was presented supporting internal consistency of the subscales and convergent validity of the EDI with the Eating Attitudes Jest (EAT). © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nrf2‐mediated liver protection by sauchinone, an antioxidant lignan, from acetaminophen toxicity through the PKCδ‐GSK3β pathway

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sauchinone, an antioxidant lignan, protects hepatocytes from iron‐induced toxicity. This study investigated the protective effects of sauchinone against acetaminophen (APAP)‐induced toxicity in the liver and the role of nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2) in this effect.
Book Review: Young People and Social Change: Individualization and Risk in Late Modernity

compellability of spouse witnesses, reporting restrictions, silences as evidence and evidence from computers. Rather confusingly, some provisions within the Act relating to Supervision Orders, Detention and Training Orders and Reparation and Action Plan Orders (schedule 5, described in Chapter 12), relate simply to amendments designed to expunge minor amendments, ambiguities or omissions prior to full-scale consolidation of the sentencing powers of the criminal courts. But these amendments were extremely short-lived and quickly overtaken by the Powers of the Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000. Suffice to say here that the authors describe such developments in a lucid and helpful manner: providing as good a route map to the constantly changing legislation as one would find anywhere. As the authors indicate, the 1999 Act is no less complex than previous legislation; what is so remarkable is that the authors make the legislative reforms so accessible to lawyers and non-lawyers alike. The commentary not only explains the new provisions very clearly, but places the legislative reforms in context of major debates and research reports. A good hundred pages of the book are devoted to the text of the Act itself: but rather than feeling cheated, this reader, at least, perceives it to be an enormous bonus to be able to consult the legislation so readily. In sum, this book is likely to be of considerable use not only to court clerks, judges, magistrates and lawyers practising in the criminal courts, but also social workers, probation officers, youth offending team workers and others involved in youth justice work and victim support, as well as academics desperately trying to keep up with the legislation.
Frequency dependence of the visibility and depths of mantle seismic discontinuities

The visibility and apparent position of a seismic gradient zone depends on the seismic wave frequency at which it is observed, which we illustrate by showing how the visibility and depth of the olivine α→β phase transformation (410 km discontinuity) change as temperature varies. Temperature variations change bottomside reflection coefficients by factors of 2–4 in the 0.5–1.0 Hz frequency band, which can explain spatial variability in short period P′ 410P′ observations and the small apparent variability in observed 410 km discontinuity depths. Discontinuity depths inferred from the time lags of these reflections are also frequency dependent, leading to a frequency dependence of estimates of mantle lateral thermal variability based on discontinuity displacements. The frequency dependent seismic Clapeyron slopes for the olivine α→β phase change we compute are 2.04 MPa K−1 at 0.2 Hz and 2.12 MPa K−1 at 0.05 Hz, and differ significantly from thermodynamic slope for the Mg2SiO4 end-member.
Devolving Educational Administration in Victoria: Tensions in the Role and Selection of Principals

This article discusses the devolution of educational administration in Victoria from the perspective of the role and selection of principals in such a devolved system. Drawing on such writers as Dewey and Giddens the article presents the case why, in a political democracy, we should also have democratically administered organisations. But the tensions and problematic aspects in democratic forms of educational administration are also outlined. These forces impinging on the role and selection of principals are then exemplified through a case study.
THE EFFECT OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON MILK COMPOSITION OF ANATOLIAN BUFFALOES

The aim of this study was to determine the composition of raw milk from Anatolian water buffaloes raised under different village conditions in the Tokat province of Northern Turkey. The study materials included 600 milk samples from 120 water buffaloes raised at different farms in 12 separate villages of the Erbaa, Turhal, and Pazar counties in the Tokat Province. The dry matter, nonfat dry matter (or solid non fat), fat, protein, lactose, and casein content of the milk samples were determined. The study results demonstrated that the mean dry matter, nonfat dry matter, fat, protein, lactose, and casein content of the raw milk samples were 16.99±0.108%, 10.88±0.036%, 5.98±0.107%, 4.85±0.043%, 5.17±0,021%, and 3.61±0.036%, respectively. The study data were evaluated according to the water buffaloes’ lactation stage, parity, and season by using the SPSS statistical program. It was concluded that the sampling time, parity, village conditions, stage of lactation and calving age had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the dry matter, nonfat dry matter, fat, protein, lactose, and casein content of raw milk from the Anatolian water buffalo.
Exploring the possibility for a pervasive technology solution to facilitate effective diabetes self-care for patients with gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes(GDM) is increasing exponentially. To address this, we contend that a pervasive mobile solution that can facilitate self-care is a prudent strategy. To demonstrate proof of concept, user fidelity, usability and acceptability of such a solution a small pilot study of 10 patients was designed. A quasi-experimental approach employing a randomized control trial with a two period cross-over clinical trial strategy over 10 week duration at a private hospital in Melbourne, Australia was adopted. The main outcomes of interest were to establish proof of concept and the fidelity of the technology solution. Directional data gathered including patient and clinical interview data serve to demonstrate both proof of concept and fidelity. Without exception both patients and clinicians have preferred the pervasive mobile solution to the standard care approach. The study serves to highlight that pervasive mobile solutions can provide a useful adjunct in the effective monitoring and management of GDM.
Comparative pharmacokinetics of two tablet formulations of Losartan: bioequivalence assessment

The pharmacokinetic profiles of two brands of losartan 50 mg tablets were compared in 24 healthy adult volunteers after a single oral dose in a randomized cross‐over study. The study was conducted at the ACDIMA Center for Bioequivalence & Pharmaceutical Studies, Amman, Jordan. The reference (Cozaar, MSD, The Netherlands) and test (Blosart, Julphar, UAE) products were administered to fasting volunteers. Blood samples were collected at specified time intervals, and the plasma separated and analysed for losartan and its active metabolite (losartan carboxylic acid) using a validated HPLC method with fluorescence detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters AUC0−t, AUC0−α, Cmax, Tmax, T1/2, elimination rate constant, MRT, Cl/F and Vss/F were determined from plasma concentration‐time profiles of both formulations and found to be in good agreement with reported values. Three parameters (AUC0−t, AUC0−α, and Cmax) were compared statistically to evaluate the bioequivalence between the two brands, using statistical modules recommended by the FDA. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) did not show any significant difference between the two formulations and 90% confidence intervals fell within the acceptable range (80%–125%) for bioequivalence. Based on these statistical inferences it was concluded that the two formulations exhibited comparable pharmacokinetic profiles and that Julphar's Blosart is bioequivalent to Cozaar of MSD, The Netherlands. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Development of an Integrated Performance Category System for Supervisory Jobs in the U.S. Navy

When a single job is the target, established job analysis approaches provide relatively straightforward methods for identifying performance requirements. However, when multiple jobs are involved, the identification of a single set of relevant performance dimensions can be more daunting. In the application here, there was also a compelling requirement to develop a dimension set that conformed with U.S. Navy fleet personnel perceptions of the performance domain. Accordingly, the behavioral performance constructs that experienced Navy officers believed differentiate effective from ineffective supervisory performance were gathered using a personal construct theory protocol. We then used a methodology suggested by Borman and Brush (1993) to integrate and summarize these personal work constructs, to provide—through a series of qualitative and quantitative strategies—a dimension set targeted toward supervisors in all Navy communities. The resulting dimensions revealed certain themes that might not have emerged if traditional job analysis strategies had been used. The dimension set and the resulting behaviorally anchored rating scales appear widely relevant to Navy supervisor jobs, and the performance appraisal system that employs the scales is nearing implementation. In addition, performance feedback and development tools were developed to complement the performance appraisal system.
Effectiveness of the E2-Classical Swine Fever Virus Recombinant Vaccine Produced and Formulated within Whey from Genetically Transformed Goats

ABSTRACT Subunit recombinant vaccines against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) are a promising alternative to overcome practical and biosafety issues with inactivated vaccines. One of the strategies in evaluation under field conditions is the use of a new marker E2-based vaccine produced in the milk of adenovirally transduced goats. Previously we had demonstrated the efficacy of this antigen, which conferred early protection and long-lasting immunity in swine against CSFV infection. Here, we have used a simpler downstream process to obtain and formulate the recombinant E2 glycoprotein expressed in the mammary gland. The expression levels reached approximately 1.7 mg/ml, and instead of chromatographic separation of the antigen, we utilized a clarification process that eliminates the fat content, retains a minor amount of caseins, and includes an adenoviral inactivation step that improves the biosafety of the final formulation. In a vaccination and challenge experiment in swine, different doses of the E2 antigen contained within the clarified whey generated an effective immune response of neutralizing antibodies that protected all of the animals against a lethal challenge with CSFV. During the immunization and after challenge, the swine were monitored for adverse reactions related to the vaccine or symptoms of CSF, respectively. No adverse reactions or clinical signs of disease were observed in vaccinated animals, in which no replication of CSFV could be detected after challenge. Overall, we consider that the simplicity of the procedures proposed here is a further step toward the introduction and implementation of a commercial subunit vaccine against CSF.
Development, optimization and in vitro evaluation of alginate mucoadhesive microspheres of carvedilol for nasal delivery

Abstract The present research work was aimed at development and optimization of alginate mucoadhesive microspheres of carvedilol for nasal delivery to avoid first pass metabolism and to improve the therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. The microspheres were prepared by a water-in-oil (w/o) emulsification technique. A 23 factorial design was employed with drug : polymer ratio, calcium chloride concentration and cross-linking time as independent variables while particle size of the microspheres and in vitro mucoadhesion were the dependent variables. Regression analysis was performed to identify the best formulation conditions. Particle size was analysed by dynamic laser light diffraction technique and found to be in the range of 26.36–54.32 µm, which is favourable for intranasal absorption. The shape and surface characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which depicted the spherical nature and nearly smooth surfaces of the microspheres. The percentage encapsulation efficiency was found to be in the range between 36.62–56.18. In vitro mucoadhesion was performed by adhesion number using sheep nasal mucosa and was observed in a range from 69.25–85.28. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction results indicated a molecular level dispersion of carvedilol in the microspheres. In vitro release studies in pH 6.2 phosphate buffer indicated non-Fickian or anomalous type of transport for the release of carvedilol from the microspheres.
Looking for the Locus of Innovation in New Service Development

Although services are the main growth engine in modern economies, there is evidence that new service development practices are ineffective. In this exploratory study, we look at the organizational roles that participate in the different stages of service innovation. We expect to find multiple roles in the creation, development and deployment of innovation in services. We suggest that this fuzziness of the locus of innovation may explain some of the difficulties in service innovation. We interviewed six senior executives in European service organizations about their recent major innovations. The data on twenty five innovations, support our main expectation that service innovation involves many organizational roles and typically aggregates more functions as the innovation process progresses. We find also that customers and customer facing functions are not central to innovation, that R&D and business development do not create but mostly develop innovations, and that top executives participate in the creation of new services and processes
On the connections between saliency and tracking

A model connecting visual tracking and saliency has recently been proposed. This model is based on the saliency hypothesis for tracking which postulates that tracking is achieved by the top-down tuning, based on target features, of discriminant center-surround saliency mechanisms over time. In this work, we identify three main predictions that must hold if the hypothesis were true: 1) tracking reliability should be larger for salient than for non-salient targets, 2) tracking reliability should have a dependence on the defining variables of saliency, namely feature contrast and distractor heterogeneity, and must replicate the dependence of saliency on these variables, and 3) saliency and tracking can be implemented with common low level neural mechanisms. We confirm that the first two predictions hold by reporting results from a set of human behavior studies on the connection between saliency and tracking. We also show that the third prediction holds by constructing a common neurophysiologically plausible architecture that can computationally solve both saliency and tracking. This architecture is fully compliant with the standard physiological models of V1 and MT, and with what is known about attentional control in area LIP, while explaining the results of the human behavior experiments.
The Prognostic Value of Non-Linear Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure—A Pilot Study of Multiscale Entropy

Aims The influences of nonstationarity and nonlinearity on heart rate time series can be mathematically qualified or quantified by multiscale entropy (MSE). The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of parameters derived from MSE in the patients with systolic heart failure. Methods and Results Patients with systolic heart failure were enrolled in this study. One month after clinical condition being stable, 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram was recording. MSE as well as other standard parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) were assessed. A total of 40 heart failure patients with a mea age of 56±16 years were enrolled and followed-up for 684±441 days. There were 25 patients receiving β-blockers treatment. During follow-up period, 6 patients died or received urgent heart transplantation. The short-term exponent of DFA and the slope of MSE between scale 1 to 5 were significantly different between patients with or without β-blockers (p = 0.014 and p = 0.028). Only the area under the MSE curve for scale 6 to 20 (Area6–20) showed the strongest predictive power between survival (n = 34) and mortality (n = 6) groups among all the parameters. The value of Area6–20 21.2 served as a significant predictor of mortality or heart transplant (p = 0.0014). Conclusion The area under the MSE curve for scale 6 to 20 is not relevant to β-blockers and could further warrant independent risk stratification for the prognosis of CHF patients.
Rapid Differentiation of Closely RelatedCandida Species and Strains by Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT Two rapid spectroscopic approaches for whole-organism fingerprinting of pyrolysis-mass spectrometry (PyMS) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to analyze a group of 29 clinical and reference Candida isolates. These strains had been identified by conventional means as belonging to one of the three species Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis(previously reported as atypical C. albicans), and C. stellatoidea (which is also closely related to C. albicans). To observe the relationships of the 29 isolates as judged by PyMS and FT-IR, the spectral data were clustered by discriminant analysis. On visual inspection of the cluster analyses from both methods, three distinct clusters, which were discrete for each of the Candida species, could be seen. Moreover, these phenetic classifications were found to be very similar to those obtained by genotypic studies which examined the HinfI restriction enzyme digestion patterns of genomic DNA and by use of the 27A C. albicans-specific probe. Both spectroscopic techniques are rapid (typically, 2 min for PyMS and 10 s for FT-IR) and were shown to be capable of successfully discriminating between closely related isolates of C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and C. stellatoidea. We believe that these whole-organism fingerprinting methods could provide opportunities for automation in clinical microbial laboratories, improving turnaround times and the use of resources.
The Argumentative Aspects of Skill and Skilled Activity

Drawing on a dialogical approach to skill that highlights the social, contextually situated creative and responsive nature of skilled activity and narrative and non-narrative features, this article focuses on the non-narrative or argumentative aspects of skill and skilled activity. In particular, it looks at how the argumentative aspects of skill play a crucial role in a key task in skilled activity. The creation of a visible sense of social and moral order from the ambiguity and vagueness that exist in any one context is a necessary move from uncertainty to certainty. This article provides a detailed examination of a negotiation between two managers. It concludes by drawing out implications for organizational practice.
Conformal Ink-Jet Printed  $C$-Band Phased-Array Antenna Incorporating Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor Based Reconfigurable True-Time Delay Lines

We present a conformal ink-jet printed 2-bit four-element phased-array antenna (PAA) without any lithography process. Passive and active components, such as microstrip transmission lines, phase shifters, and RF power distribution networks are all developed adopting a room-temperature printing process. The PAA working at 5.2 GHz is printed on flexible DuPont Kapton flexible printed circuit polyimide film to demonstrate the conformal nature. High-speed carbon-nanotube-based field-effect transistors (FETs) function as switches to route the RF signal go through different segments of the true-time delay lines. The FET switch exhibits an on-off ratio of over 1000 and current of 3.6 mA is obtained at a low source-drain bias of 0.8 V. The 2-bit azimuth beamsteering angles of the PAA are measured and confirmed to agree well with simulation values.
$1/f$  Noise Expressions for Amorphous InGaZnO TFTs Considering Mobility Power-Law Parameter in Above-Threshold Regime

Analytical 1/f noise expressions are presented for amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors considering the well-known power-law parameter α in the mobility equation. The drain current noise power spectral density (PSD) is derived from Ghibaudo's carrier number fluctuation model. It is found that the parameter α clarifies the relationship between the drain current noise PSD and the drain current. The relationship is verified by the available experimental data.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN E IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

The introduction of the radioimmunosorbent technique (RIST) (18) for quantitation of IgE gave the clinician another tool in the diagnosis oi asthma. Preliminary studies indicated that high IgE values occurred in a large proportion of patients with extrinsic asthma (7). Later reports (4, 17) did not give such conclusive results. As the selection of patients is of great importance in analysis ot asthma, as well as for other diseases, we thought it would be interesting to analyze IgE in a randomly selected, well-defined population of patients (fi-om our outpatient clinic) with intrinsic or extrinsic astlima. These patients were also studied during hyposensitization. In a previous paper we reported the serum levels of IgG, IgA and IgM in patients drawn from the same population (3).
The Comparative Effects of Prediction/Discussion‐Based Learning Cycle, Conceptual Change Text, and Traditional Instructions on Student Understanding of Genetics

The present study examined the comparative effects of a prediction/discussion‐based learning cycle, conceptual change text (CCT), and traditional instructions on students' understanding of genetics concepts. A quasi‐experimental research design of the pre‐test–post‐test non‐equivalent control group was adopted. The three intact classes, taught by the same science teacher, were randomly assigned as prediction/discussion‐based learning cycle class (N = 30), CCT class (N = 25), and traditional class (N = 26). Participants completed the genetics concept test as pre‐test, post‐test, and delayed post‐test to examine the effects of instructional strategies on their genetics understanding and retention. While the dependent variable of this study was students' understanding of genetics, the independent variables were time (Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3) and mode of instruction. The mixed between‐within subjects analysis of variance revealed that students in both prediction/discussion‐based learning cycle and CCT groups understood the genetics concepts and retained their knowledge significantly better than students in the traditional instruction group.