Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and Evolution of Rotaviruses and Noroviruses from an Archival WHO Global Study in Children (1976–79) with Implications for Vaccine Design

Prompted by the discovery of new gastrointestinal viruses, the NIH, NIAID and WHO investigated the etiology of acute diarrhea that occurred from 1976–1979 in a global cohort of infants and young children. Rotaviruses were found to be major pathogens worldwide, whereas the Norwalk virus could not be detected using a radioimmunoassay. The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the role and diversity of rotaviruses and noroviruses in the original cohort using more sensitive current technologies. Stools collected from Asia, Africa, and South America (n = 485) were evaluated for viral genotypes by RT-PCR and sequencing. Rotaviruses were detected in 28.9% and noroviruses in 9.7% of the specimens, with G1 rotaviruses and GII noroviruses accounting for the majority of each respective virus. Various strains in this study predated the currently assigned dates of discovery for their particular genotype, and in addition, two noroviruses (KL45 and T091) could not be assigned to current genotypes. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated a relative constancy in circulating rotavirus genotypes over time, with several genotypes from this study becoming established in the current repertoire of viral species. Similarly, GII noroviruses have maintained dominance, with GII.4 noroviruses continuing as a predominant genotype over time. Taken together, the complex molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses and noroviruses circulating in the 1970’s is consistent with current patterns, an important consideration in the design of multivalent vaccines to control these viruses.
Standards as a Knowledge Source for R&D: A first look at their incidence and impacts based on the inventor survey and patent bibliographic data

This paper analyzes how standards as a knowledge source are important for R&D, how significantly the (backward) citations by a patent of standard-related documents measure such knowledge flow, and how significantly they affect the performance of downstream R&D. Using both the RIETI inventor survey in Japan and the bibliographic information of triadic patents families, we show that standard information-that embodied in the standards and related documents-has become very important as a knowledge source for the conception of R&D projects in the information and telecommunication area (ICT), and that the frequency of the patents citing standard documents has been increasing. The citation information in US patent documents can be effectively used to measure the knowledge flows from standards to inventions, although it covers only a limited portion of the knowledge flow. The R&D projects intensively using standard information tend to generate valuable patents and also a large number of patents, controlling for research labor input, the use of scientific literature, as well as that of patent literature. A patent that uses private international forum standards as a knowledge source is significantly more cited than a patent that uses national or international public standards as a knowledge source.
Lattice vertex algebras and combinatorial bases: general case and W-algebras

We introduce what we call the principal subalgebra of a lattice vertex (super) algebra associated to an arbitrary Z-basis of the lattice. In the first part (to appear), the second author considered the case of positive bases and found a description of the principal subalgebra in terms of generators and relations. Here, in the most general case, we obtain a combinatorial basis of the principal subalgebra WL and of related modules. In particular, we substantially generalize several results in Georgiev, 1996, covering the case of the root lattice of type An, as well as some results from Calinescu, Lepowsky and Milas, 2010. We also discuss principal subalgebras inside certain extensions of affine W-algebras coming from multiples of the root lattice of type An.
Antagonistic Activity of Lactobacillus plantarum C11: Two New Two-Peptide Bacteriocins, Plantaricins EF and JK, and the Induction Factor Plantaricin A

ABSTRACT Six bacteriocinlike peptides (plantaricin A [PlnA], PlnE, PlnF, PlnJ, PlnK, and PlnN) produced by Lactobacillus plantarumC11 were detected by amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry. Since purification to homogeneity was problematic, all six peptides were obtained by solid-phase peptide synthesis and were tested for bacteriocin activity. It was found that L. plantarum C11 produces two two-peptide bacteriocins (PlnEF and PlnJK); a strain-specific antagonistic activity was detected at nanomolar concentrations when PlnE and PlnF were combined and when PlnJ and PlnK were combined. Complementary peptides were at least 103times more active when they were combined than when they were present individually, and optimal activity was obtained when the complementary peptides were present in approximately equal amounts. The interaction between complementary peptides was specific, since neither PlnE nor PlnF could complement PlnJ or PlnK, and none of these peptides could complement the peptides constituting the two-peptide bacteriocin lactococcin G. Interestingly, PlnA, which acts as an extracellular signal (pheromone) that triggers bacteriocin production, also possessed a strain-specific antagonistic activity. No bacteriocin activity could be detected for PlnN.
Physical Education Student Teachers’ Beliefs in Their Control Over Student Learning

This study determined changes in physical education student teachers’ beliefs (perceptions) of control over student learning. A pre-post student teaching design was used to detect changes in beliefs of 44 volunteer physical education student teachers. Beliefs in control over learning outcomes were measured by the Teacher Locus of Control scale. Pretesting was completed 5 weeks prior to teaching, and posttesting was administered at the completion of the 10-week student teaching experience. Data were gathered over a 2-year period. Data analyzed via a paired t-test indicated the student teachers’ belief of responsibility for student learning was decreased. Specifically, total responsibility for student outcomes and responsibility for student failure showed significant p < . 05) decreases. No change in beliefs regarding control over student success was detected. A multiple regression analysis revealed significant p < . 05) gender differences on the postteaching composite score. It appeared that males showed a s.
Comparative analysis of robustness of optimally offline tuned PID controller and Fuzzy supervised PID controller

Proportional Integral Derivative(PID) controllers are widely used controllers. Most of the process industries make use of this controller. The reason behind it is that it is known to give reliable operation, near optimal performance and has simple structure. However it is crucial that PID controller must be tuned properly. By various methods PID can be tuned in an offline fashion but because of parameter variation and disturbances taking place in system need for online tuning of these controller parameters arise. This paper deals with the fuzzy supervised PID controller which can online tune the PID parameters. Along with this the parameters of the Fuzzy supervised PID has been optimally adjusted by making use of Ant Colony Algorithm. A comparison of the robustness of the two controllers i.e. optimally offline tuned PID and Fuzzy supervised PID has been done on the basis of their performance when a system is subjected to parameter variations. From the conclusion of these results it is found that a combination of the two controllers is giving better performance as compared to the two controllers applied alone. Finally optimally offline tuned PID and the combination of the two controllers have been implemented on the Magnetic levitation system and results obtained from it also points towards the same.
Traumatisierungen in der Entwicklung – unterschiedliche Verläufe stationärer Psychotherapie bei jugendlichen Patienten mit und ohne Traumatisierung

Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie: Es sollte geprüft werden, ob sich die Behandlungsverläufe jugendlicher Patienten je nach Ausmaß ihrer Traumavorgeschichte unterscheiden. Methodik: Mithilfe von Mehrebenenanalysen wurde untersucht, inwiefern sich die stationären Behandlungsverläufe von jugendlichen Patienten ohne Traumatisierung, mit emotionaler Traumatisierung und mit komplexen Traumatisierungen unterscheiden. Ergebnisse: Im GSI der SCL-90-R zeigten beide Traumagruppen signifikant mehr Symptomreduktion als Patienten ohne Traumatisierung. Hinsichtlich der interpersonellen Probleme (IIP) schienen vor allem Jugendliche mit emotionaler Traumatisierung zu profitieren. Schlussfolgerung: Insbesondere Patienten mit Traumavorgeschichte profitierten gut von dem untersuchten stationären Behandlungskonzept. Gleichzeitig wurde deutlich, dass die Gruppe der komplex traumatisierten Patienten eine längere Behandlungszeit benötigt, da diese Jugendlichen besonders stark im letzten Behandlungsabschnitt von der stationären Therapie profitierten.
Site index curves for Norway spruce plantations on farmland with different soil types

Growth data were collected from 157 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. ) stands planted on farmland in Sweden. The stands ranged in latitude from 55'N to 66'N. The mean age of the stands was 41 years (range, 25-91), and the mean stand density was 1640 stems ha-' (range, 400-3 722). The mean diameter at breast height (on bark) was 25 cm (range, 12-48). Classified soil types from northern Sweden were united into five groups: coarse sand (n= lo), the fine sand and silt group (14) till clay (12), sandy till (6) and fine sandy silty ti11 (6). Those from southern Sweden (lat. 55-61"N) were grouped as follows: coarse sand (n= 14), the fine sand and silt group (7), the light and medium clay group (16), heavy clay (11), till clay (13), sandy ti11 (16), fine sandy-silty till (24) and peat (6). As there was only one stand growing on soils in the light and medium clay group, and one stand growing on peat soils in northern Sweden, growth curves for these stands are not presented. Soil samples from 74 stands, 46 in northern and 28 in southern Sweden, were analysed to determine soil type, pH and content of P, Ca, K and N; dry matter content and ignition loss. The dominant height of spruces growing north of lat. 62'N was 3 m and 5 m less than that of more southerly trees at age 50 and 90 years, respectively. The dominant height of the trees varied with soil type. At age 50 years in northern Sweden, the tallest spruces grew on sandy till soils (20.3 m) and the shortest (15.2 m) on fine sandy-silty till soils. At age 50 years in southern Sweden, spruces tended to be tallest on till clay soils (25.2 m), and shortest on soils in the fine sand and silt group (21.7 m) and on peat soils (21.6 m). Survival in young spruce plantations was lower on heavy clay soils than on other soil types. Seedling height 5 years after planting was lowest on heavy clay soils.
Narcissism and Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Review of Linear and Nonlinear Relationships

Past empirical studies relating Narcissism to leadership have offered mixed results. The present study meta-analytically integrates prior research findings to make four contributions to theory on Narcissism and leadership, by: (a) distinguishing between leadership emergence and leadership effectiveness, to reveal that Narcissism displays a positive relationship with leadership emergence, but no relationship with leadership effectiveness, (b) showing Narcissism’s positive effect on leadership emergence can be explained by leader Extraversion, (c) demonstrating that whereas observer-reported leadership effectiveness ratings (e.g., supervisor-report, subordinate- report, and peer-report) are not related to Narcissism, self- reported leadership effectiveness ratings are positively related to Narcissism, and (d) illustrating that the nil linear relationship between Narcissism and leadership effectiveness masks an underlying curvilinear trend, advancing the idea that there exists an optimal, mid-range level of .
Versatile page numbering analysis

In this paper, we revisit the problem of detecting the page numbers of a document. This work is motivated by a need for a generic method which applies on a large variety of documents, as well as the need for analyzing the document page numbering scheme rather than spotting one number per page. We propose here a novel method, based on the notion of sequence, which goes beyond any previous described work, and we report on an extensive evaluation of its performance.
Trajectory linearization tracking control for dynamics of a multi-propeller and multifunction aerial robot - MMAR

In this paper, a multi-propeller multifunction aerial robot (MMAR) capable of flying, wall-climbing and arm-operating is presented. Four propellers are devoted to the attitude control of the robot, and two manipulators are designed for the wall-climbing and arm-operating modes. When the aerial robot works in wall-climbing and arm-operating, there are dynamics coupling between the manipulators and the main body. The dynamics of manipulators depends on the motion of the main body, and the motion of manipulators will have reaction force and torque applied on the main body. The dynamics modeling of the robot is investigated by using recursive method. Based on the model, the trajectory linearization control of the robot is proposed. The controller of the robot when it transitions between its flight mode and wall-climbing mode is then designed. The simulation verification of the controller is presented, which can verified the feasibility of the controller.
Completely analytical families of anisotropic γ-models

We present new analytical distribution functions for anisotropic spherical galaxies. They have the density profiles of the γ-models, which allow a wide range of central density slopes, and are widely used to fit elliptical galaxies and the bulges of spiral galaxies. Most of our models belong to two two-parameter families. One of these parameters is the slope y of the central density cusp. The other allows a wide range of varying radial and tangential anisotropies, at either small or large radii. We give analytical formulas for their distribution functions, velocity dispersions, and the manner in which energy and transverse velocity are distributed between orbits. We also give some of their observable properties, including line-of-sight velocity profiles which have been computed numerically. Our models can be used to provide a useful tool for creating initial conditions for N-body and Monte Carlo simulations.
The Amplify-and-Forward Half-Duplex Cooperative System: Pairwise Error Probability and Precoder Design

In this paper, an exact asymptotic pairwise error probability (PEP) is derived for a half-duplex cooperative system employing an amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol. When compared with the PEP of a traditional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, the "diversity gain" for the cooperative system is no longer just a simple exponential function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), rather, it involves the logarithm of the SNR. The term diversity gain function is used to designate this characteristic of the PEP. The coding gain, on the other hand, is found similar to that for the MIMO system and is proportional to the determinant of the autocorrelation of the error matrix. Based on our analysis and observations, we propose a design of unitary precoder for the cooperative system to achieve the full diversity gain function. For the case of a 4-QAM signal being transmitted, we further optimize the coding gain and arrive at a closed-form optimum precoder. Simulations indicate that our proposed precoder designs greatly improve the performance of the cooperative system
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus triggers mitochondrial fission and mitophagy to attenuate apoptosis

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes acute mitochondrial dysfunction by elevating the level of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Here we show that PRRSV infection stimulated mitochondrial fission and mitophagy to attenuate apoptosis in Marc145 cells. PRRSV infection induced the expression of Drp1, enhanced phosphorylation of Drp1 at Ser616 and its subsequent translocation to mitochondria. Furthermore, PRRSV infection increased the expression of PINK1 and Parkin and also stimulated the recruitment of Parkin to mitochondria. In addition, a sensitive dual fluorescence vector expressing mito-mRFP-EGFP targeted mitochondria was employed to observe the complete mitophagy by delivering dysfunctional mitochondria to lysosome for degradation. Interfering the expression of Drp1 and or Parkin suppressed PRRSV replication. More importantly, silencing of Drp1 or Parkin caused significant elevation in apoptotic signaling. These results suggest that PRRSV infection stimulates mitochondrial fission and mitophagy to facilitate virus replication most probably by attenuating apoptosis.
What families in poverty consider supportive: welfare strategies of parents with young children in relation to (child and family) social work

In current European Welfare states, Child and Family Social Work has been assigned a pivotal role in constructing a route out of (child) poverty. The direction, processes and outcomes of these interventions are, however, rarely negotiated with the families involved. Based on a retrospective biographical research with parents of young children who experienced financial difficulties over time, this paper therefore seeks to uncover and understand how parents give meaning to welfare which strategies they accordingly develop and how these perspectives and welfare strategies interact with Child and Family Social Work interventions. We aim to acquire knowledge about how interventions are constructed, interpreted and being used as potentially supportive levers in realizing the well-being of parents and children in poverty situations and explore how they may influence families' routes out of poverty. Drawing on Lister's analytical framework of agency within the bounds of structural constraints, our research provides insights in the essentially complex, multi-layered and paradoxical nature of support and suggests that support cannot simply be perceived as synonymous to mobility out of poverty.
Genetic variation and neuroimaging measures in Alzheimer disease.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether genome-wide association study (GWAS)-validated and GWAS-promising candidate loci influence magnetic resonance imaging measures and clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) status. DESIGN Multicenter case-control study of genetic and neuroimaging data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. SETTING Multicenter GWAS. Patients A total of 168 individuals with probable AD, 357 with mild cognitive impairment, and 215 cognitively normal control individuals recruited from more than 50 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative centers in the United States and Canada. All study participants had APOE and genome-wide genetic data available. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We investigated the influence of GWAS-validated and GWAS-promising novel AD loci on hippocampal volume, amygdala volume, white matter lesion volume, entorhinal cortex thickness, parahippocampal gyrus thickness, and temporal pole cortex thickness. RESULTS Markers at the APOE locus were associated with all phenotypes except white matter lesion volume (all false discovery rate-corrected P values < .001). Novel and established AD loci identified by prior GWASs showed a significant cumulative score-based effect (false discovery rate P = .04) on all analyzed neuroimaging measures. The GWAS-validated variants at the CR1 and PICALM loci and markers at 2 novel loci (BIN1 and CNTN5) showed association with multiple magnetic resonance imaging characteristics (false discovery rate P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Loci associated with AD also influence neuroimaging correlates of this disease. Furthermore, neuroimaging analysis identified 2 additional loci of high interest for further study.
Optimal Government Debt Maturity ∗ PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE

This paper develops a model of optimal government debt maturity in which the government cannot issue state-contingent bonds and the government cannot commit to fiscal policy. In contrast to an environment with full commitment, there is a tradeoff between the cost of funding and the benefit of hedging. Borrowing long term provides the government with a hedging benefit since the value of outstanding government liabilities declines when shortterm interest rates rise. However, borrowing long term lowers fiscal discipline for future governments unable to commit to policy, which leads to higher future short-term interest rates. Therefore, lack of commitment ex post increases the government’s cost of borrowing long term ex ante. A consequence of this tradeoff is that the slope of the yield curve is increasing in the maturity of newly issued debt. Our main theoretical result is that, as in the case of full commitment, the optimal maturity structure of government debt is tilted to the long end, but it is more flat than in case of full commitment. Our quantitative analysis shows that, in contrast to debt positions under full commitment—which involve a short-term asset position and a long-term debt position, both extremely large relative to GDP—debt positions under lack of commitment are positive at all maturities, much smaller relative to GDP, and have a nearly flat maturity.
The Initial Mass Function of Stars: Evidence for Uniformity in Variable Systems

The distribution of stellar masses that form in one star formation event in a given volume of space is called the initial mass function (IMF). The IMF has been estimated from low-mass brown dwarfs to very massive stars. Combining IMF estimates for different populations in which the stars can be observed individually unveils an extraordinary uniformity of the IMF. This general insight appears to hold for populations including present-day star formation in small molecular clouds, rich and dense massive star-clusters forming in giant clouds, through to ancient and metal-poor exotic stellar populations that may be dominated by dark matter. This apparent universality of the IMF is a challenge for star formation theory, because elementary considerations suggest that the IMF ought to systematically vary with star-forming conditions.