Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Voluntary disclosures of intellectual capital: An empirical analysis

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate inter firm intellectual capital (IC) disclosures and its variations in top 20 listed pharmaceutical companies in India, study the category wise and element wise IC disclosures (ICD), find out the impact of ICD on the creation of IC in monetary terms, find out correlation between IC valuation and its disclosure, and test significance of correlation.Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory and empirical study of ICD by sample companies in 2009 using content analysis. IC is valued as market value minus book value. Five‐point scale (0‐4), mean disclosure score, range, Chi‐ squares, Karl Pearson's correlation and Student's t‐test are used for analysis and interpretation.Findings – Although top 20 companies of knowledge‐led industry, ICD are low, narrative and varying significantly among companies. ICD score varies in range of 4 to 36 against expected score of 96. External capital with mean score of 18.78 is the most disclosed category. Brands and business co.
Double plating of unstable proximal tibial fractures using minimally invasive percutaneous osteosynthesis technique

Background Double plating of proximal tibial fractures with traditional open osteosynthesis gives a stable fixation, but may be complicated by wound healing problems. Minimally invasive methods have been recommended to decrease the wound complication rates. We report the efficacy of double plating of proximal tibial fractures using a minimally invasive percutaneous technique. Patients and methods 23 proximal tibial fractures in 23 patients (mean age 54 (36–78) years) were treated with double plating using a minimally invasive percutaneous technique. Functional and radiographic results were evaluated by a modified Rasmussen scoring system. Results All fractures healed. The average time for fracture healing was 19 (10–32) weeks. 21 patients had excellent or good clinical and radiographic results. 2 patients had a fair clinical result because of associated knee injuries. Complications included 1 case of shortening (1 cm) and 2 cases of mild malalignments (varus less than 10°). There was 1 case of superficial infection that healed after removal of the plate. No deep infections occurred. Interpretation Double plating using minimally invasive percutaneous technique can provide favorable results in the treatment of proximal tibial fractures.
Levels of p 53 Protein Increase with Maturation in Human Hematopoietic Cells 1

Transfection of the wild-type p53 gene into malignant cell lines usually results in an inhibition of proliferation. However, the physiological function of the endogenous p53 gene product has been difficult to ascer tain. In order to examine whether pS3 is involved in the regulation of proliferation and/or differentiation of hematopoietic tissue, we modified a recently developed flow cytometric assay to assess p53 protein expres sion in normal human hematopoietic cells, primary leukemias, and se lected leukemia cell lines. In normal human bone marrow, p53 protein was not detected in the proliferative, progenitor cell populations identified by the cell surface antigens CD34 (progenitor cells of multiple lineages) or glycophorin (erythroid precursors). In contrast, low but detectable levels of p53 protein were observed in the nonproliferative, mature lymphoid, granulocytic, and monocytic cell populations. Similarly, p53 levels increased and DNA synthesis decreased during 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced differentiation of ML-1 myeloblastic leu kemia cells. Both of these results suggest that endogenous, wild-type p53 protein may play a role in hematopoietic cell maturation, possibly by contributing to the inhibition of proliferation that occurs during terminal differentiation. Leukemia cells deviated from this pattern of expression: (a) in contrast to the normal, proliferative bone marrow progenitor cells, a significant percentage of patient leukemia samples expressed detectable levels of p53 protein; and (b) leukemia cell lines exhibited lineage-specific abnormalities in p53 expression, with overexpression in lymphoid cell lines and lack of expression in myeloid cell lines.
Plagiarism, the Internet, and Student Learning: Improving Academic Integrity

Written for Higher Education educators, managers and policy-makers, Plagiarism, the Internet and Student Learning combines theoretical understandings with a practical model of plagiarism and aims to explain why and how plagiarism developed. It offers a new way to conceptualize plagiarism and provides a framework for professionals dealing with plagiarism in higher education. Sutherland-Smith presents a model of plagiarism, called the plagiarism continuum, which usefully informs discussion and direction of plagiarism management in most educational settings. The model was developed from a cross-disciplinary examination of plagiarism with a particular focus on understanding how educators and students perceive and respond to issues of plagiarism. The evolution of plagiarism, from its birth in Law, to a global issue, poses challenges to international educators in diverse cultural settings. The case studies included are the voices of educators and students discussing the complexity of plagiarism in policy and practice, as well as the tensions between institutional and individual responses. A review of international studies plus qualitative empirical research on plagiarism, conducted in Australia between 2004-2006, explain why it has emerged as a major issue. The book examines current teaching approaches in light of issues surrounding plagiarism, particularly Internet plagiarism. The model affords insight into ways in which teaching and learning approaches can be enhanced to cope with the ever-changing face of plagiarism. This book challenges Higher Education educators, managers and policy-makers to examine their own beliefs and practices in managing the phenomenon of plagiarism in academic writing.
Dual effects of erdosteine on hemostasis via its different metabolites in young rats

Aim: In the study, we examined erdosteine’s effects on platelet functions and coagulation. Materials and methods: A total 29 young albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Control rats (n = 6) were given saline; Group 1 rats (n = 7) were given 3 mg/kg erdosteine by oral gavage for 3 days; Group 2 rats (n = 7) were given 10 mg/kg erdosteine by oral gavage for 3 days; and Group 3 rats (n = 9) were given 30 mg/kg erdosteine for 3 days. Twenty-four hours after the final dose, blood samples were drawn from a portal vein. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and international normalized ratio (INR) were measured, and platelet counts were examined in a peripheral blood smear by light microscopy. Results: PT and INR values of Group 1 increased compared to the controls but did not change in Group 3. Hemostatic parameters were not measured in Group 2 because the blood samples in Group 2’s tubes clotted rapidly. Platelet counts of the peripheral blood from Group 2 were low but were normal in other groups. Conclusion: We have concluded erdosteine may disrupt hemostasis parameters by its different metabolites in patients. Erdosteine has dual effects on hemostasis via its different metabolites, which occur in different doses.
SOME RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PERIPHERAL VASOMOTOR AND E.E.G. CHANGES

The influence of emotional and physical stimuli on the variations in the volume of the extremities was recognized as far back as 1881 by Mosso. Subsequent workers using arm and finger plethysmography noted that the vasoconstrictor response to various stimuli was not only present during wakefulness but could also occur during sleep (Hallion and Comte, 1894; Howell, 1897; Brodmann, 1902; Berger, 1904; Shepard, 1906, 1914; Wiersma, 1913; Uhlenbruck, 1924). The increase in spontaneous fluctuations in the plethysmographic curve during drowsiness and early sleep was noted by Hallion and Comte (1894) and thought by Shepard (1906, 1914) to be due to Traube-Hering blood pressure waves. Later workers offered different explanations. Ingram (1936) and Burton (1939) considered the fluctuations to be serving temperature control, Abramson and Katzenstein (1941) regarded them as spontaneous peripheral changes, whilst Neumann, Lhamon, and Cohn (1944) held that they were a reflection of variations in sympathetic tone in relaxing subjects. Ackner (1956b) has shown that, when the experimental conditions are suitably controlled, the onset of sleep is associated with an increase in the finger pulse volume in anxious subjects. This is presumably due to the release of stress vasoconstriction, for such vasodilatation does not occur in the relaxed subject. The physiological and emotional factors related to the finger plethysmographic vasoconstrictor response have recently been reviewed by Ackner (1956a). It emerges from previous work that the vasoconstrictor response is not dependent on wakefulness, though the response disappears when deep levels of sleep are reached. Until recently only Jung (1939, 1954) attempted further investigation of the relationship between peripheral vasomotor changes and levels of " consciousness " by means of combined plethysmographic and electroencephalographic (E.E.G.) studies. Jung recorded simultaneously the E.E.G., electrocardiogram, galvanic skin reflex, finger plethysmograph, and respiration during wakefulness and different stages of sleep. He stated that " the autonomic responses associated with arousal do not change in different states of consciousness, except that conditioning and expectation of the stimulus tend to suppress and diminish the reactions in the waking state ". In a preliminary communication (Ackner and Pampiglione, 1955) we reported findings at variance with this conclusion, and in this paper we shall describe in more detail some relationships between peripheral vasomotor and E.E.G. changes. In a later communication the relationship between changes in other physiological variables will be considered.
Green and Mobility-Aware Caching in 5G Networks

With the drastic increase of mobile devices, there are more and more mobile traffic and repeated requests for content. In 5G networks, small cell base stations (SBSs) caching and caching in wireless device-to-device network can effectively decrease the mobile traffic during peak hours. Currently, most of the related work is focused on how to cache content on SBSs and on mobile devices, and it is assumed that the user can download the entire requested content through the connected SBSs and mobile devices. However, few works have taken user mobility and the randomness of contact duration into consideration. How to improve the caching strategy by exploiting user mobility is still a challenging problem. Thus, in this paper, we first investigate the problem of how to conduct caching placement on SBS and on mobile devices leveraging user mobility, aiming to maximize the cache hit ratio. Specifically, the caching placement on SBSs and on mobile devices is formulated as an integer programming problem, and submodular optimization is adopted to solve the formulated problem. Then, we give the optimal transmission power of SBSs and mobile devices to deliver the caching content in order to reduce the energy cost. Simulation results prove that our caching strategy is more efficient than other existing caching strategies in terms of both cache hit ratio and energy efficiency.
Simian virus 40 induces lamin A/C fluctuations and nuclear envelope deformation during cell entry

The canonical gate of viruses and viral genomes into the nucleus in non-dividing cells is the nuclear pore, embedded within the nuclear envelope. However, we found that for SV40, the nuclear envelope poses a major hurdle to infection: FISH analysis revealed that the majority of viral DNA remains trapped in the ER; silencing of Lamin A/C rendered the cells more susceptible to infection; and proliferating cells are more susceptible to infection than quiescent cells. Surprisingly, we observed that following SV40 infection the nuclear envelope, including lamins A/C, B1, B2 and the nuclear pore complex, was dramatically deformed, as seen by immunohistochemistry. The infection induced fluctuations in the level of lamin A/C, dephosphorylation of an unknown epitope and leakage to the cytoplasm just prior to and during nuclear entry. Deformations were transient, and the spherical structure of the nuclear envelope was restored subsequent to nuclear entry. Nuclear envelope deformations and lamin A/C dephosphorylation depended on caspase-6 cleavage of lamin A/C. Notably, we have previously reported that inhibition of caspase-6 abolishes SV40 infection. Taken together the results suggest that alterations of the nuclear lamina, induced by the infecting virus, are involved in the nuclear entry of the SV40 genome. We propose that SV40 utilize this unique, previously unknown mechanism for direct trafficking of its genome from the ER to the nucleus. As SV40 serves as a paradigm for the pathogenic human BK, JC and Merkel cell polyomavirus, this study suggests nuclear entry as a novel drug target for these infections.
Mixed hypomania in 908 patients with bipolar disorder evaluated prospectively in the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Treatment Network: a sex-specific phenomenon.

CONTEXT The prevalence of depressive symptoms co-occurring with hypomanic symptoms has not been quantified. Whether there is a greater likelihood for women to experience mixed symptoms has not been resolved. OBJECTIVES To determine whether mixed hypomania is observed more frequently than euphoric hypomania and whether a sex effect exists in patients with bipolar disorder. SETTING Academic research settings in the United States (4 sites) and Europe (3 sites). PARTICIPANTS Subjects were enrolled in a naturalistic prospective study after providing written informed consent. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mixed hypomania was defined at a given visit as a Young Mania Rating Scale score of 12 or higher and an Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician-Rated Version score of 15 or higher. Given partial overlap of items from these scales, exploratory analyses were completed assessing instrument overlap affecting the findings. RESULTS In 908 patients, 14 328 visits over 7 years were evaluated. Patients with bipolar I disorder were significantly more likely to experience hypomania than those with bipolar II disorder. Of all 1044 visits by patients with hypomanic symptoms, 57% met criteria for mixed hypomania. The likelihood of depression was significantly greater for women during hypomania (P<.001). For women, the probability of mixed symptoms increased with the severity of hypomania and then decreased at the most severe levels of hypomania or mania. When a modified Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician-Rated Version was evaluated by removing the 5 overlapping Young Mania Rating Scale items, a significant sex effect persisted for women (P<.001) but not for men (P = .95), owing to the elimination of the items "irritability" and "agitation. " CONCLUSIONS Mixed hypomania is common in patients with symptoms of hypomania and particularly common in women. Potential overlap of clinical symptom scales should be assessed before study of patients with bipolar disorder symptoms is undertaken.
The Impact of College Admissions Policies on the Performance of High School Students

This paper empirically evaluates the effects of college admissions policies on high school student performance. To this end, I build a model where high school students decide their level of effort and whether to take the college admissions test, taking into consideration how those decisions may affect their future university admission chances. Using Chilean data for the 2009 college admissions process, I structurally estimate the parameters of the model in order to study the implications of two types of counterfactual experiments: (a) a SES-Quota system, which imposes the population’s SES distribution for each university; (b) increasing the high school GPA weight. The results from these exercises support the claim that increasing the level of equal college opportunities may boost the amount of effort exerted by high school students. Specifically, I find that:(1) average effort significantly increases as opportunities are equalized across different socioeconomic groups. (2) There is a moderate improvement in high school student performance, which is relatively important for certain groups. (3) The highest reactions in terms of exerted effort come from those students who also change their decision about taking the college admissions test. (4) Neither of these policies increases the percentage of students taking the national test for college admission, which is consistent with the fact that in this policy implementation there are winners and losers. However, there are relevant variations in who is taking such a test; in particular, this percentage increases for low-income students and those who have higher level of learning skills. (5) Because the SES-Quota system uses the existing information more efficiently, it implies a more efficient student allocation to equalize opportunities.
Upper Intestinal Endoscopy in the RAF: The Physician's View

An upper intestinal endoscopy service was established at the end of March 1972 at Royal Air Force Hospital, Nocton Hall, and in the succeeding eighteen months 340 examinations were undertaken. The majority were performed using the Olympus GIF-D aesophagogastroduodenoscope but the Olympus JF Gastroscope, Machida-L cesophagoscope and ACMI forward viewing panendoscope were also employed. A side-room adjacent to a coronary care unit and
The Effects of Relative Changes in CEO Equity Incentives on the Cost of Corporate Debt

We examine how effort and risk incentives embedded in CEO equity incentives are related to the cost of debt and the role credit worthiness plays in this relationship. Our empirical approach addresses a number of unanswered questions in the literature by examining the sources and effects of co-movements in CEO incentives, whether the proportionality of these movements is rationally priced, and whether the effects are concentrated among bonds with greater likelihood of default. Our findings confirm that effort and risk incentives are rationally priced by bond market participants. We also show that significant cross-sectional effects are more pronounced for speculative bonds, implying that previously documented links between equity incentives and the cost of debt may not be generalizable to all debt issues.
Does Employee Ownership Weaken Trade Unions? Recent Evidence from the UK Bus Industry

This paper examines the impact of employee ownership on trade unions and collective bargaining in firms adopting the ESOP form of collective ownership. The paper addresses the proposition found in earlier literature on employee ownership that union functions will be undermined by a combination of attitudinal change and by the introduction of new forms of representation and participation. Focusing especially on the latter issue the paper reports the findings of research into employee ownership in the UK bus industry. It is found that union membership and functions survive intact, and that in some respects the union role may have been widened and strengthened by employee ownership.
The Greening of Global Value Chains: Insights from the Furniture Industry

With increasing fragmentation of production between independent firms that are spatially dispersed and are responsible for different steps of the production process, a Global Value Chain approach is employed to examine how ‘lead firms’ shape the green features of upstream activities. Comparative case studies in the Italian furniture industry (Ikea, Valcucine) are used to show that lead firms implement ‘hands-on’ governing mechanisms to improve the environmental performance of their value chain partners — moving away from the market but still avoiding vertical integration — but also ‘hands-off’ mechanisms embedded in standards and design. Two governing approaches to the greening of value chains are identified: standard-driven and mentoring-driven, and these are used to provide some reflections on when we are likely to observe one or the other, and also to develop a future research agenda.
Perceived landscape values and public participation in a road-planning process – a case study in Sweden

The European Landscape Convention indicates that assessment of different dimensions that exist in landscapes should be taken into account in planning. In this study, we first investigated ecological, cultural and social values as perceived by the local people in a highway-planning process in Sweden. Next, we explored which factors influenced the local people's participation in the road-planning process. We used questionnaires, planning documents and the Theory of Planned Behavior to investigate the relations between different factors and local people's participation in the planning process. The results showed that people presumed the ecological values in the landscape to be adversely affected by the new road, while the social values would remain the same. Landowners had heard of the participatory-process, but few participated. Those who lived within 300 m of the road were more active in the planning process than people living further away. The findings suggest that people living within a few hundred metres of the road should be treated as key stakeholders in the planning process. The involvement of other stakeholders, and when in the public participation process stakeholders should be involved, is also discussed.
Use of Gene Dosage Effects for a Whole-Genome Screen To Identify Mycobacterium marinum Macrophage Infection Loci

ABSTRACT We recently identified two loci, mel1 and mel2, that affect macrophage infection by Mycobacterium marinum. The ability of these loci to confer enhanced infection in trans is presumably due to gene dosage effects since their presence on plasmids increases expression from five- to eightfold. Reasoning that this phenomenon would allow identification of other mycobacterial genes involved in macrophage infection, we conducted a screen of an M. marinum DNA library that provides 2.6-fold coverage of the entire genome for clones that affect macrophage infection. Our preliminary screen identified 76 plasmids that carry loci affecting macrophage infection. We eliminated plasmids that do not confer the expected phenotype when retransformed (70%), that have identical physical maps (5%), or that carry either of the mel1 or mel2 loci (14%) from further consideration. Four loci that confer enhanced infection (mel) and four that confer repressed infection (mrl) of macrophages were identified, and two of each group were chosen for detailed analysis. Saturating transposon mutagenesis was used to identify the loci responsible, and M. marinum mutants were constructed in the genes involved. We expect these genes to provide insight into how mycobacteria parasitize macrophages, an important component of innate immunity.