Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Keck II laser guide star AO system and performance with the TOPTICA/MPBC laser

The Keck II Laser Guide Star (LGS) Adaptive Optics (AO) System was upgraded from a dye laser to a TOPTICA/MPBC Raman-Fibre Amplification (RFA) laser in December 2015. The W. M. Keck Observatory (WMKO) has been operating its AO system with a LGS for science since 2004 using a first generation 15 W dye laser. Using the latest diode pump laser technology, Raman amplification, and a well-tuned second harmonic generator (SHG), this Next Generation Laser (NGL) is able to produce a highly stable 589 nm laser beam with the required power, wavelength and mode quality. The beam’s linear polarization and continuous wave format along with optical back pumping are designed to improve the sodium atom coupling efficiency over previously operated sodium-wavelength lasers. The efficiency and operability of the new laser has also been improved by reducing its required input power and cooling, size, and the manpower to operate and maintain it. The new laser has been implemented on the telescope’s elevation ring with its electronics installed on a new Nasmyth sub-platform, with the capacity to support up to three laser systems for future upgrades. The laser is projected from behind the telescope’s secondary mirror using the recently implemented center launch system (CLS) to reduce LGS spot size. We will present the new laser system and its performance with respect to power, stability, wavelength, spot size, optical repumping, polarization, efficiency, and its return with respect to pointing alignment to the magnetic field. Preliminary LGSAO performance is presented with the system returning to science operations. We will also provide an update on current and future upgrades at the WMKO.
Iran's Future Scenarios: An Illustrative Discussion of Multiple Mental Models

Recent political developments in Iran, in particular the disputed presidential election which resulted in keeping Mr. Ahmadinejad seated in the office for the second term and the subsequent street and cyber events that were encouraged and orchestrated by the opposition leaders, drew global attention. This essay provides from an insider vantage point some alternative futures about the political outcomes of the disputed election by adopting a novel approach and applying the essence of scenario planning method, that is explicitly and directly switching among diverse mental models. In this essay after contextualizing the election problem six different mental models are explicitly adopted and accordingly six scenarios are created and briefly illustrated.
Genetic Sharing with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Diabetes Reveals Novel Bone Mineral Density Loci

Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a highly heritable trait, but genome-wide association studies have identified few genetic risk factors. Epidemiological studies suggest associations between BMD and several traits and diseases, but the nature of the suggestive comorbidity is still unknown. We used a novel genetic pleiotropy-informed conditional False Discovery Rate (FDR) method to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMD by leveraging cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated disorders and metabolic traits. By conditioning on SNPs associated with the CVD-related phenotypes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides and waist hip ratio, we identified 65 novel independent BMD loci (26 with femoral neck BMD and 47 with lumbar spine BMD) at conditional FDR < 0.01. Many of the loci were confirmed in genetic expression studies. Genes validated at the mRNA levels were characteristic for the osteoblast/osteocyte lineage, Wnt signaling pathway and bone metabolism. The results provide new insight into genetic mechanisms of variability in BMD, and a better understanding of the genetic underpinnings of clinical comorbidity.
T-Group Theory and Laboratory Method.

The T (training) -group is a training device. In this group 10-20 people meet with no agenda to explore what happens naturally in a group and how the group tries to solve the problems that evolve. The group usually meets for two-three weeks for several times a day. There is no leader, but a trainer who tries to help the members of the group observe their behavior and the responses elicited to compare these with the responses desired and to conceptualize the process. Starting in Bethel, Me, in 1947, these groups have attracted nationwide attention and similar and modified groups have been widely used. Since groups are the setting in which most formal education occurs this has been especially interesting to educators and the programs this book describes have been developed by the National Training Laboratories (NTL) of the National Education Association. T-groups have also been used by large
Organization Learning Disorders: Conceptual Model and Intervention Hypotheses

This paper presents a conceptual model thatproposes how organization learning disorders influenceorganization performance. The model suggests thatorganization knowledge mediates the relationship between learning disorders and performance. Specificorganization learning disorders are identified for eachof the four phases of organization learning: discovery,invention, production, and generalization. The effect of learning disorders on organizationknowledge is explored, and intervention hypotheses fortreating the disorders are presented.
Effects of Typographical Cues on Reading and Recall of Text

Abstract Effects of typographical cues on text memory were investigated. In Experiment 1, college students read a 4-page text, then were tested on memory for specific "target" statements. The text contained no underlining (control), or the targets were underlined (light signaling), or the targets and half of the nontarget sentences were underlined (heavy signaling). Cued recall was better in the light condition than in the control or heavy conditions, which did not differ. Experiment 2 replicated the control and light conditions using capitalization to signal targets. Texts were computer-presented to record sentence reading times. Reading was slower and memory was better on capitalized versus uncapitalized targets. The findings demonstrate that effects of typographical cues on memory are mediated by effects on attention during reading.
Collaborative Professional Learning: from theory to practice

Abstract This article analyses continuing professional development (CPD) in the context of primary schools in England, and focuses particularly on the potential of collaborative professional learning (CPL) as a means of making CPD both relevant and specific. It draws upon a range of CPD and CPL literature to critically examine the key characteristics of ‘effective’ CPD and, within that framework, to analyse both the concept of CPL and its practical application. The area of practice used as an exemplar for this discussion is primary school physical education, an aspect of the curriculum that suffers from sparse initial teacher training and low levels of teacher confidence. Drawing on selected data from a 1–year research project in two case study schools, the evidence suggests that while it is clear that teachers would value further opportunities to engage in CPL, schools would need to radically alter their structures, processes and priorities to enable it to happen effectively
Detection and Discrimination of Land Mines based on Edge Histogram Descriptors and Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbors

This paper describes an algorithm for land mine detection using sensor data generated by a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system. The GPR produces a 3-D array of intensity values, representing a volume below the surface of the ground. First, a computationally inexpensive pre-screening algorithm is used to focus attention and identify regions with subsurface anomalies. The identified regions of interest are then processed by a feature extraction algorithm to capture their salient features. We use translation invariant features that are based on the local edge distribution of the 3-D GPR signatures. Finally, a fuzzy K-nearest neighbor rule is used to assign a confidence value to distinguish true detections from false alarms. The proposed algorithm is applied to data acquired from three outdoor test sites at different geographic locations.
Homogenization of First Order Equations with (u/ϵ)-Periodic Hamiltonians Part II: Application to Dislocations Dynamics

This paper is concerned with a result of homogenization of a non-local first order Hamilton–Jacobi equation describing the dislocations dynamics. Our model for the interaction between dislocations involves both an integro-differential operator and a (local) Hamiltonian depending periodicly on u/ϵ. The first two authors studied in a previous work homogenization problems involving such local Hamiltonians. Two main ideas of this previous work are used: on the one hand, we prove an ergodicity property of this equation by constructing approximate correctors which are necessarily non periodic in space in general; on the other hand, the proof of the convergence of the solution uses here a twisted perturbed test function for a higher dimensional problem. The limit equation is a nonlinear diffusion equation involving a first order Lévy operator; the nonlinearity keeps memory of the short range interaction, while the Lévy operator keeps memory of long ones. The homogenized equation is a kind of effective plastic law for densities of dislocations moving in a single slip plane.
Children, Pathology and Politics: A Genealogy of the Paedophile in South Africa between 1944 and 2004

By the early 1990s the paedophile as a ‘type’ of child sexual abuse (CSA) perpetrator was prioritised for study and intervention by the South African socio-medical sciences, and cases of paedophilia featured prominently in the media reporting of the time. Drawing on the genealogical method as derived from Michel Foucault, this study aimed to account for this relatively recent emergence of the paedophile as an object of socio-medical study and social anxiety within the South African archive. Based on an analysis of archival texts against the backdrop of international biopolitics and local conditions of political possibility, the genealogy contends that the early figure of the paedophile was an instrument and effect of apartheid biopolitics. The paedophile was prioritised for research and escalated as a social threat in the public imagination as part of the broader apartheid project aimed at protecting white hegemony through the ongoing surveillance of and health interventions directed towards South Africa's white children. While the apartheid project constructed black children as posing fundamental threats to white supremacy, discourses beginning in the mid-1980s repositioned them as vulnerable victims of apartheid itself. It was from within these discourses that child sexual abuse (CSA) as a public health concern began to crystallise. By locating blackness within the fields of discipline and desire, the material conditions for an ever-expanding net of sexual surveillance were established. The study therefore demonstrates that even the paedophile cannot be effectively researched without considering the historical co-ordinates that so powerfully contoured its emergence as an important object of study and social intervention within South Africa's highly racialised systems of thought.
Transcriptional Regulation of PP2A-Aα Is Mediated by Multiple Factors Including AP-2α, CREB, ETS-1, and SP-1

Protein phosphatases-2A (PP-2A) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase and accounts for more than 50% serine/threonine phosphatase activity in eukaryotes. The holoenzyme of PP-2A consists of the scaffold A subunit, the catalytic C subunit and the regulatory B subunit. The scaffold subunits, PP2A-Aα/β, provide a platform for both C and B subunits to bind, thus playing a crucial role in providing specific PP-2A activity. Mutation of the two genes encoding PP2A-Aα/β leads to carcinogenesis and likely other human diseases. Regulation of these genes by various factors, both extracellular and intracellular, remains largely unknown. In the present study, we have conducted functional dissection of the promoter of the mouse PP2A-Aα gene. Our results demonstrate that the proximal promoter of the mouse PP2A-Aα gene contains numerous cis-elements for the binding of CREB, ETS-1, AP-2α, SP-1 besides the putative TFIIB binding site (BRE) and the downstream promoter element (DPE). Gel mobility shifting assays revealed that CREB, ETS-1, AP-2α, and SP-1 all bind to PP2A-Aα gene promoter. In vitro mutagenesis and reporter gene activity assays reveal that while SP-1 displays negative regulation, CREB, ETS-1 and AP-2Aα all positively regulate the promoter of the PP2A-Aα gene. ChIP assays further confirm that all the above transcription factors participate the regulation of PP2A-Aα gene promoter. Together, our results reveal that multiple transcription factors regulate the PP2A-Aα gene.
Dual Commitment Among Unionized Faculty: A Longitudinal Investigation

This study investigated changes in union, organizational, and dual commitment among 267 faculty of a public university in the U.S. over a 6.5-month period (from the beginning of contract negotiations to contract settlement). Specifically, it was hypothesized that labor-management relationship climate, union involvement, perceived pay equity, and the implementation of a multi-tier salary plan would differentially affect faculty members' commitment levels. In addition, three established methods of measuring dual commitment were utilized to assess their convergent validity. Results indicated that organizational commitment and, in some cases, dual commitment increased over the time period. Further, the correlational and classification methods of measuring dual commitment detected changes in commitment, while Angle and Perry's (1986) five-item dual commitment scale was found to have questionable reliability and validity. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of the study's findings were discussed.
The Role of Stock Market on Nigeria’s Economic Development

The paper examined the role of stock market on Nigeria’s economic development from 1980 to 2010 which cover the market performance and economic growth in Nigeria. Data were sourced from statistical bulletin. This research study made use of annual time series data covering the period between 1980 – 2010. The study also made use of ordinary least square of multiple regression estimates. From the study, stock market development is positively correlated with the development of financial intermediaries and consequently economic growth. It was therefore recommended that the funds raised by government in form of government securities in the capital market should be put into productive sectors of the economy that will necessitate to growth in all facets of the economy.
Educational Data Mining: a Case Study

In this paper, we show how using data mining algorithms can help discovering pedagogically relevant knowledge contained in databases obtained from Web-based educational systems. These findings can be used both to help teachers with managing their class, understand their students' learning and reflect on their teaching and to support learner reflection and provide proactive feedback to learners.
Creative Scientific Problem Finding and Its Developmental Trend

This is a study of the development trend of creative scientific problem finding (CSPF) ability of a sample of 1,367 elementary, middle, and high school students in two Chinese cities. Students were instructed to generate science related questions in both open and closed conditions with responses scored for Fluency, Flexibility, and Originality. Results suggest that CSPF ability has a developmental trend characterized by a significant leap in the 5th grade, followed by a steady advance until it peaked in the 8th grade, and then declined and stabilized in the high school years (9th–11th grades). No difference between male and female students was found. The type of instruction showed significant differential influence on CSPF and its development.
The Effect of Self-Control on Unit and Item Nonresponse in an Adolescent Sample

In A General Theory of Crime, Gottfredson and Hirschi dispute whether valid self-report data can be collected among respondents lacking self-control. This research tests this argument by examining two processes that undermine the validity of self-report data: unit and item nonresponse. Specifically, this research addresses two questions: Within a longitudinal self-report study, are respondents with lower self-control less likely to be retained in annual follow ups? And are respondents with lower self-control less likely to complete a self-report survey in its entirety? These questions are examined with an adolescent sample from the National Evaluation of the Gang Resistance and Education Training Program. Current findings reveal that, after adjusting for the influence of student sociodemographic characteristics, self-control is unrelated to sample retention during four annual waves of data, but current findings do reveal that lower-self-control adolescents are more likely to leave survey items unanswered. Implications for the testing of self-control theory are explored.
A Role for the African American Church in Urban School Reform

A survey of 25 African American church leaders in three urban school districts was conducted to determine the role of the African American church in urban school reform. Survey results identified five major issues. First, church leaders recognized many of the serious inadequacies in urban education. Second, church leaders were looking “inward” for solutions to educational problems rather than “outward” for opportunities to affect educational policy. The third issue was the perceived barriers to involvement in education issues. The fourth issue was the leaders’ perceptions of future educational challenges, and the fifth issue was realization of the potential political power of the African American church.
Calorie Restriction on Drinking Days: An Examination of Drinking Consequences Among College Students

Objective: This study examined the association between restricting calories on intended drinking days and drunkenness frequency and alcohol-related consequences among college students. Participants: Participants included a random sample of 4,271 undergraduate college students from 10 universities. Methods: Students completed a Web-based survey regarding their high-risk drinking behaviors and calorie restriction on intended drinking days. Results: Thirty-nine percent of past 30-day drinkers reported restricting calories on days they planned to drink alcohol, of which 67% restricted because of weight concerns. Restricting calories on drinking days was associated with greater odds of getting drunk in a typical week. Women who restricted were more likely to report memory loss, being injured, being taken advantage of sexually, and having unprotected sex while drinking. Men were more likely to get into a physical fight. Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of considering weight control behaviors in the examination of high-risk college drinking.
Polyamine Modulon in Escherichia coli: genes involved in the stimulation of cell growth by polyamines.

We have recently proposed an idea to explain how polyamines enhance cell growth in Escherichia coli. Since most polyamines exist as polyamine-RNA complexes, our idea is that polyamines stimulate several kinds of protein synthesis which are important for cell growth at the level of translation. We found that synthesis of oligopeptide binding protein (OppA), which is important for nutrient supply, adenylate cyclase (Cya), RNA polymerase sigma(38) subunit (RpoS), transcription factor of iron transport operon (FecI), and transcription factor of growth-related genes including rRNA and some kinds of tRNA synthesis (Fis) was enhanced by polyamines at the level of translation. We proposed that a group of genes whose expression is enhanced by polyamines at the level of translation be referred to as a "polyamine modulon. " By DNA microarray, we found that 309 of 2,742 mRNA species were up-regulated by polyamines. Among the 309 up-regulated genes, transcriptional enhancement of at least 58 genes might be attributable to increased levels of the transcription factors Cya, RpoS, FecI, and Fis. This unifying molecular mechanism is proposed to underlie the physiological role of polyamines in controlling the growth of Escherichia coli.
The hippocampal CA3 network: An in vivo intracellular labeling study

The intrahippocampal distribution of axon collaterals of individual CA3 pyramidal cells was investigated in the rat. Pyramidal cells in the CA3 region of the hippocampus were physiologically characterized and filled with biocytin in anesthetized animals. Their axonal trees were reconstructed with the aid of a drawing tube. Single CA3 pyramidal cells arborized most extensively in the CA1 region, covering approximately two‐thirds of the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. The total length of axon collaterals in the CA3 region was less than in CA1 and the axon branches tended to cluster in narrow bands (200–800 μm), usually several hundred microns anterior or posterior to the cell body. The majority of the recurrent collaterals of a given neuron remained in the same subfield (CA3a, b, or c) as the parent cell. CA3a neurons innervated predominantly the basal dendrites, whereas neurons located proximal to the hilus (CA3c) terminated predominantly on the apical dendrites of both CA1 and CA3 cells. Two cells, with horizontal dendrites and numerous thorny excrescences at the CA3c–hilus transitional zone, were also labeled and projected to both CA3 and CA1 regions. All CA3 neurons projected some collaterals to the hilar region. Proximal (CA3c) neurons had numerous collaterals in the hilus proper. One CA3c pyramidal cell in the dorsal hippocampus sent an axon collateral to the inner third of the molecular layer. CA3c pyramidal cells in the ventral hippocampus had extensive projections to the inner third of the dentate molecular layer, as well as numerous collaterals in the hilus, CA3, and CA1 areas, and several axon collaterals penetrated the subiculum. The total projected axon length of a single neuron ranged from 150 to 300 mm. On the basis of the projected axon length and bouton density (mean interbouton distance: 4.7 μm), we estimate that a single CA3 pyramidal cell can make synapses with 30,000–60,000 neurons in the ipsilateral hippocampus. The concentrated distribution of the axon collaterals (“patches”) indicates that subpopulations of neurons may receive disproportionately denser innervation, whereas innervation in the rest of the target zones is rather sparse. These observations offer new insights into the physiological organization of the CA3 pyramidal cell network. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effects Of Songs In The Foreign Language Classroom On Text Recall, Delayed Text Recall And Involuntary Mental Rehearsal

Music represents an integral part of the human culture, and particularly language and communication. Music can be a powerful tool in the learning experience. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether English native-speaker students learning a foreign language can benefit from integrating music into the curriculum. Students’ text recall was measured after listening to songs and text passages. Delayed recall and involuntary mental rehearsal (din) were also measured. Results showed text recall was better in the song condition that text passage. Also, treatment condition did not affect delayed recall; however it impacted involuntary mental rehearsal. Implications and suggestions about future applications of music in the curriculum are also explored.