Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and the efficacy of trastuzumab in the People’s Republic of China

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features and outcomes of Chinese patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. Method The clinical data and survival statuses of 732 patients with operable HER2-positive breast cancer who were treated at the Department of Breast Surgery of the Shanghai Cancer Center from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011, were collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to treatment with and without trastuzumab. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. The associations of the patient characteristics with prognosis were analyzed via Cox regression. Results A total of 732 women with HER2-positive breast cancer were included in this study, among whom 258 (35.2%) received trastuzumab. The median follow-up duration was 41 months. By the end of the follow-up period, 86 (12%) women experienced local recurrence or metastasis. Patients who received both anti-HER2 therapy and chemotherapy exhibited a longer DFS than those who received chemotherapy alone (P=0.001). Tumor size, lymph node status, and family history of breast cancer were associated with median DFS, and tumor size, lymph node status, clinical stage, age, and body mass index were associated with median overall survival. Patients who received both neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab exhibited a higher rate of pathological complete remission. In the neoadjuvant group, the patients who received both anti-HER2 therapy and chemotherapy exhibited a longer DFS than those who received chemotherapy alone (P=0.049). Conclusion Significant clinical features were observed in the Chinese patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Furthermore, targeted anti-HER2 therapy may improve the prognosis of these patients.
Deriving object-verb order in late Middle English

Late Middle English is a VO language in which surface OV order can nevertheless be found. This has been taken to show that the language has both OV and VO as possible underlying orders. However, there are various types of data that this hypothesis cannot account for. It is therefore argued in this article that late Middle English only had VO order underlyingly, and that all surface OV orders are derived by means of leftward movement of the object across the verb, in a manner fully compatible with the Minimalist Program. In surface OV, the object moves overtly to the functional projection AgrOP for feature-checking; LF movement is also possible (yielding surface VO), since the two derivations are equally economical. Pronominal objects can move to a higher clitic position. This analysis is shown to account for a wide range of data.
Research on Vocational Behavior: The Singapore Perspective

Abstract This article traces the development of vocational psychology in the Republic of Singapore from 1985 to 1997. It reviews both published and unpublished research studies on vocational psychology, including studies of career development, interests, sex-stereotyping in career choice, work values, and job satisfaction. Based on empirical data, the article examines the influences of home and school on the career development of adolescents and reviews experimental studies on various career guidance practices. The article concludes with suggestions for the future development of vocational psychology in Singapore.
The relationship between work commitment models and employee withdrawal intentions

Purpose – This study is an attempt to contribute to an emerging stream of research, which attempts to explore how work commitment forms affect one another and how together they serve to influence work behaviour and outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on five universal forms of work commitment, we tested the relationships between two work commitment models and two forms of employee withdrawal intentions: from their organisation and from their occupation. To this end, we investigated professional employees (social workers) employed in the Israeli healthcare system through a structured questionnaire.Findings – Path analysis results cast doubt on the applicability of both models in their original form, across scenarios. At the same time, with some modifications, both models show a good potential for explaining variance in employee withdrawal intentions from both their organisation and their occupation.Originality/value – This research contributes to work commitment literature by providing empirical.
Dissociating the two faces of selective memory retrieval

Research in the past four decades has repeatedly shown that selective retrieval of some (non-target) memories can impair subsequent retrieval of other (target) information, a finding known as retrieval-induced forgetting. More recently, however, there is evidence that selective retrieval can both impair and enhance recall of related memories (K-H. T. Bäuml & Samenieh, 2010). To identify possible experimental dissociations between the detrimental and the beneficial effects of memory retrieval, we examined retrieval dynamics in listwise directed forgetting, varying the delay between preceding non-target and subsequent target recall. When target recall immediately followed non-target recall, we replicated the prior work and found detrimental effects of memory retrieval on to-be-remembered items but beneficial effects on to-be-forgotten items. In contrast, when a delay was introduced between non-target and target recall, the detrimental effects were present but the beneficial effects were absent. The results demonstrate a first experimental dissociation between the two effects of memory retrieval. They are consistent with a recent two-factor account of the two faces of selective memory retrieval.
Teachers’ Continuing Professional Development: framing a model of outcomes

Abstract In order to contribute towards the construction of an empirically-grounded theory of effective continuing professional development (CPD), this paper seeks to develop a model of the effects of teachers’ CPD or in-service education and training (INSET). It builds on an earlier typology of INSET outcomes and compares it to two previous classification frameworks. It is argued that the proposed model of outcomes could be used to delineate more clearly the specific effects which might accrue from different CPD formats.
Sub-Optimal Vitamin B-12 Levels among ART-Naïve HIV-Positive Individuals in an Urban Cohort in Uganda

Malnutrition is common among HIV-infected individuals and is often accompanied by low serum levels of micronutrients. Vitamin B-12 deficiency has been associated with various factors including faster HIV disease progression and CD4 depletion in resource-rich settings. To describe prevalence and factors associated with sub-optimal vitamin B-12 levels among HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve adults in a resource-poor setting, we performed a cross-sectional study with a retrospective chart review among individuals attending either the Mulago-Mbarara teaching hospitals’ Joint AIDS Program (MJAP) or the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) clinics, in Kampala, Uganda. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with sub-optimal vitamin B-12. The mean vitamin B-12 level was 384 pg/ml, normal range (200–900). Sub-optimal vitamin B-12 levels (<300 pg/ml) were found in 75/204 (36.8%). Twenty-one of 204 (10.3%) had vitamin B-12 deficiency (<200 pg/ml) while 54/204 (26.5%) had marginal depletion (200–300 pg/ml). Irritable mood was observed more among individuals with sub-optimal vitamin B-12 levels (OR 2.5, 95% CI; 1.1–5.6, P = 0.03). Increasing MCV was associated with decreasing serum B-12 category; 86.9 fl (±5.1) vs. 83 fl (±8.4) vs. 82 fl (±8.4) for B-12 deficiency, marginal and normal B-12 categories respectively (test for trend, P = 0.017). Compared to normal B-12, individuals with vitamin B-12 deficiency had a longer known duration of HIV infection: 42.2 months (±27.1) vs. 29.4 months (±23.8; P = 0.02). Participants eligible for ART (CD4<350 cells/µl) with sub-optimal B-12 had a higher mean rate of CD4 decline compared to counterparts with normal B-12; 118 (±145) vs. 22 (±115) cells/µl/year, P = 0.01 respectively. The prevalence of a sub-optimal vitamin B-12 was high in this HIV-infected, ART-naïve adult clinic population in urban Uganda. We recommend prospective studies to further clarify the causal relationships of sub-optimal vitamin B-12, and explore the role of vitamin B-12 supplementation in immune recovery.
The Effects of Social Stories on the Social Engagement of Children with Autism

A multiple-probe design across participants was used to evaluate the effects of social stories on the duration of appropriate social engagement and the frequency of 4 social skills in 3 elementary-age students with autism. The social skills were seeking attention, initiating comments, initiating requests, and making contingent responses. Following the intervention, which consisted of reading individualized social stories, answering comprehension questions, and participating in a 10-min play session, the duration of social engagement increased for all 3 students with both a training peer and a novel peer. The number of target social skills displayed during the 10-min play sessions increased after the intervention was introduced. Two students demonstrated generalization to a classroom setting. These findings suggest that the use of social stories without additional social skill interventions may be effective in increasing the duration of social engagement and the frequency of specific social skills.
Delayed recovery from a sedative: correlation of the plasma levels of diazepam with clinical effects after oral and intravenous administration.

Plasma levels of diazepam were obtained in student volunteers after both oral and intravenous administration. Correlation with clinical effects showed that after oral administration, the onset of drowsiness and relaxation after 10-15 minutes was associated with a rapid absorption of the drug. When diazepam was administered intravenously, a pronounced clinical effect was observed for one hour after injection. This was followed by recovery at 2 hours, but subsequently the subjects reported recurrence of clinical symptoms at about 6 hours. This reappearance of drug action was shown to coincide with the remobilisation of diazepam in the subjea, supplemented by the slow build up of the metabolite Ro 5-2180 (desmethyldiazepam). It was not associated solely with the levels of Ro 5-2180. From these results it appears that patient recovery is not complete for several hours.
Demythologizing the Mexican American Father

This review presents recent studies on Mexican American fathers in the United Sates to provide researchers with an understanding of contemporary fatherhood of Mexican American individuals. It describes the myths that create methodological and conceptual problems in conducting research studies to characterize Mexican American fathers. It also suggests guidelines for future research and practical applications on Mexican American fathers' involvement in their children's education. In doing this, it contributes to the emerging research to better understand the complexity of Mexican American fathering. n: Esta es una revisión de estudios recientes sobre padres Mexico-Americanos en los Estados Unidos de América que proporciona un conocimiento contemporáneo para investigadores sobre la paternidad de individuos Mexico-Americanos. Se describen los mitos que crean problemas metodológicos y conceptuales al conducir estudios de investigación que caracterizan a los padres Mexico-Americanos. Además se sugieren guías para investigaciones futuras y aplicaciones prácticas en cuanto a la contribución de padres Mexico-Americanos en la educación de sus hijos. Al hacer lo anterior se contribuye a la investigación emergente para entender mejor la complexidad de la paternidad Mexico-Americana.
Evaluating drug law enforcement interventions directed towards methamphetamine in Australia

This report presents a preliminary analysis comparing the costs and impacts different types of law enforcement have on methamphetamine use. Methamphetamine belongs in the class of stimulant drugs referred to as Amphetamine Type Stimulants (ATS). The category of ATS includes ecstasy, amphetamine and methamphetamine. This research project concerned itself with the amphetamine and methamphetamine class and excluded ecstasy (and henceforth we use the generic term methamphetamine). In Australia, methamphetamine is available in three forms—powder, base and crystal. Methamphetamine is associated with significant harms and is an important drug policy priority. The National Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Strategy (2008–2011) articulates the following priority areas in relation to methamphetamine: improve community awareness and understanding of amphetamine-type stimulant use and related problems; reduce the supply of amphetamine-type stimulants; develop specific strategies to prevent and reduce amphetamine type stimulant use; and develop organisational and system capacity to prevent and respond to amphetamine-type stimulant problems This research concerns the second priority area—reducing the supply of methamphetamine. The specific aims of the research were twofold: to provide a rich description of the Australian methamphetamine supply chains in order to inform drug law enforcement interventions; and to conduct an initial economic evaluation comparing law enforcement interventions directed at the methamphetamine market. The work focused on the methamphetamine market(s) and supply chains in Australia above the retail level. Previous research has examined retail methamphetamine markets in Australia. Governments and policymakers are interested in determining which interventions are more or less effective than others, such that the scarce funding resources can be allocated in the most efficient manner possible. There is scant research available to law enforcement to guide such decisions. The main impediments to such research are the fundamental methodological challenges inherent in such an undertaking. This project is an attempt to conduct a preliminary analysis comparing the costs and impacts of different types of law enforcement. It is a ground-breaking study as this has not been previously attempted and it should be seen as the initial development of a methodological approach that can be improved upon with subsequent research. The project aimed to determine the relative cost-to-impact ratios of different law enforcement strategies aimed at reducing methamphetamine production and distribution. In an environment focused on efficiency in resource allocation, it is hoped that this research will provide the impetus for further research on the effectiveness of drug law enforcement. As the results of such research accumulate, it is hoped that policymakers will be able to use the information to improve decision making on law enforcement investment.
Access and linkage: Two critical issues for older people with an intellectual disability in utilising day activity and leisure services

Research indicates that older people with an intellectual disability participate in few leisure activities. This study identified and analysed the day activity and leisure needs of a small group of older people with an intellectual disability who were living in the community. Information about activities, needs and concerns was collected by interviewing the older people, their caregivers and service providers. It was found that older people had few leisure activities and most had poor informal support networks. Those that did attend generic day activity or leisure services had previously been assisted to access them and now participated unaided. The majority wanted to “do more things” and “get out more”. Major obstacles were their poor informal support networks, lack of community skills and inability to access community based activities without assistance. A linking mechanism is required between the older people with an intellectual disability and community based services.
The intersection of s-aspiration/deletion and spirantization in Honduran Spanish

ABSTRACT Spanish dialects may differ according to the behavior of voiced obstruents following r, l, s, and the glides. For most dialects, for example, Mexican, fricatives occur in these environments; in some, such as highland Colombian, stops tend to occur. Another feature distinguishing dialects is s-aspiration/deletion. Several Central American dialects are of particular interest because they are both s-aspirating/deleting and stop-conserving in the series of postconsonantal environments (Canfield, 1961/1981). Detailed examination of spirantization in these dialects, as well as of the particular question of what occurs after /s/ → [s] [z] [h] [Ø] has been nonexistent. Obviously, if s is deleted before a voiced obstruent, the resulting environment of the obstruent is intervocalic, which is a favored environment for spirantization. For this investigation, 14 Honduran speakers were interviewed using standard sociolinguistic interview techniques. Tokens were transcribed and categorized according to whether s-aspiration/deletion had applied, whether spirantization had applied, and by preceding/following environment. It is shown that (a) in Honduran Spanish the group r, l, glides, and s inhibit spirantization variably, much as they do in highland Colombian Spanish; (b) neither voicing, aspiration, nor deletion of (s) favor spirantization, despite the apparently favorable (surface) environment created when deletion applies; (c) even though an analysis of (b) that orders spirantization before deletion is apparently explanatory, a view that attributes spirantization to syllable structure offers a more comprehensive explanation of what happens when the two variable processes intersect by applying to adjacent segments.
The State of Knowledge of Outdoor Orientation Programs

Outdoor orientation programs represent a prominent area of experiential education with over 25,000 participants annually. More than 191 outdoor orientation programs currently operate in the United States and Canada. The research examining outdoor orientation programs consists of 25 peer-reviewed published studies and 11 dissertations. A new theory explaining the success of these programs has emerged based on research and the belief that students experience a special sense of belongingness promoted by social dynamics found in these programs.
The risk of seizure recurrence following a first unprovoked seizure

Knowledge of the recurrence risk following a first unprovoked seizure and the predictors of that risk are necessary for rational treatment decisions. Published estimates of recurrence risk range from 23 % to 71%. In a meta-analysis of 16 reports, three methodologic factors explained much of the reported variation: (1) study inclusion criteria, ie, whether patients were enrolled at the time of their first seizure or if patients with prior seizures were included; (2) retrospective versus prospective ascertainment of patients; (3) the interval between the first seizure and the time at which risk was assessed. The average recurrence risk across the 16 studies was 51%. The risk was 40% and 52% in prospective and retrospective studies that employed first-seizure methods and 67% in non-first seizure studies. At or near 2 years following the first seizure, the recurrence risk was 36% and 47% in prospective and retrospective first-seizure studies. The distribution of prognostic factors was also important. Seizure etiology and the EEG were the strongest predictors of recurrence distinguishing between patient subgroups, with recurrence risks as low as 24% and as high as 65%. Partial seizures were associated with an increased recurrence risk, but not consistently. There is considerable agreement among studies concerning the recurrence risk following a first seizure, and much of the discrepancies among studies can be explained by differences in study methods and distributions of important prognostic factors.
Body image, eating disorders, and obesity : an integrative guide for assessment and treatment

Over the past century, various men and women have forged psychology into a dynamic science, leaving behind a rich legacy of innovative research and theoretical perspectives. The volumes in the Portraits of Pioneers in Psychology series chronicle the lives of these giants in the field and outline their influences on psychology today. The first volume in this series concentrated on figures from the earliest days of psychology. This new volume also covers figures from this important era, but includes biographies of more recent psychologists as well. These portraits reintroduce readers to such well-known luminaries as Dorothea Dix, John Dewey, and Robert Yerkes, and introduces others whose influence may be better known than their names. Readers may be surprised to learn of the methodological sophistication of Dorothea Dix, or of the contributions of a little-known Hungarian emigre, Paul Schiller. The aim of this book is to promote psychology's appreciation of these sometimes neglected giants in the field. Through the examination of these individuals, the readers will come to understand specific schools, fields, and perspectives in psychology, and will gain an appreciation of how psychology has evolved, in both methodology and focus, over the years. There are 21 chapters in this edited volume, which is intended for undergraduates and graduates in psychology and for scholars in the history of psychology.
A Comparison of U.S. and Canadian Findings on Uxoricide Risk for Women with Children Sired by Previous Partners

The 1997 work of Daly, Wiseman and Wilson concludes that women with children from previous intimate partners were at significantly higher risk of murder by present partners than women whose children were the offspring of their current partner. Using an evolutionary psychological perspective, Daly et al. found that, among Hamilton, Ontario's population of women with male partners and coresident minor children, 7% had children who were not those of the current partner. Yet such women accounted for 50% of all uxoricides (wife killings). The present research replicates that study for Houston, Texas during 1985 to 1994. Our analysis reveals that families including minor step-children represented less than 20% of the city's two-parent households at large; yet 48% of all uxoricides were of women with coresident minor children from previous partners. These studies lend strong support to evolutionary psychological theories of homicide. Some implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.