Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Families’ views on their relatives with intellectual disability moving from a long-stay psychiatric institution to a community-based intellectual disability service: an Irish context.

Accessible summary • This research explores families’ perceptions of resettlement. • Clients were moved from a long-stay psychiatric institution. • To a campus-based residential setting within an intellectual disability service. Summary The pattern of residential services for people with intellectual disability in Ireland has seen many positive developments in recent years, with more places made available in residential homes within both community- and campus-based accommodation. This paper reports on the findings of a study which explored families’ views regarding the movement of people with intellectual disability from a long-stay psychiatric institution to campus-based accommodation within a local intellectual disability service. A Husserlian phenomenology was chosen, ethical approval was granted, eleven participants were interviewed and data transcribed. Through Colaizzi’s (1978) procedural framework for data analysis two key themes were identified. The positive transition resulting from the move and the enlightened thinking that has developed as a consequence of the move. Overall, the study indicates the importance of; care and care delivery from the family’s perspective, the interaction of staff with families and families knowing the staff.
A Novel Method for Privacy Preserving in Association Rule Mining Based on Genetic Algorithms

Extracting of knowledge form large amount of data is an important issue in data mining systems. One of most important activities in data mining is association rule mining and the new head for data mining research area is privacy of mining. Today association rule mining has been a hot research topic in Data Mining and security area. A lot of research has done in this area but most of them focused on perturbation of original database heuristically. Therefore the final accuracy of released database falls down intensely. In addition to accuracy of database the main aspect of security in this area is privacy of database that is not warranted in most heuristic approaches, perfectly. In this paper we introduce new multi-objective method for hiding sensitive association rules based on the concept of genetic algorithms. The main purpose of this method is fully supporting security of database and keeping the utility and certainty of mined rules at highest level.
Laplacian eigenmaps and principal curves for high resolution pseudotemporal ordering of single-cell RNA-seq profiles

Advances in RNA-seq technologies provide unprecedented insight into the variability and heterogeneity of gene expression at the single-cell level. However, such data offers only a snapshot of the transcriptome, whereas it is often the progression of cells through dynamic biological processes that is of interest. As a result, one outstanding challenge is to infer such progressions by ordering gene expression from single cell data alone, known as the cell ordering problem. Here, we introduce a new method that constructs a low-dimensional non-linear embedding of the data using laplacian eigenmaps before assigning each cell a pseudotime using principal curves. We characterise why on a theoretical level our method is more robust to the high levels of noise typical of single-cell RNA-seq data before demonstrating its utility on two existing datasets of differentiating cells.
Incidence of ascites syndrome and related hematological response in short-term feed-restricted broilers raised at low ambient temperature.

Ascites is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in modern broiler production. Reduction of early growth, followed by compensatory gain, seems a practical and viable method to minimize losses caused by ascites. An experiment was conducted to determine if early feed restriction can reduce the incidence of ascites in broilers exposed to cool temperatures. Ross 308 cockerels (N=180) were assigned to 5 diet treatments and 2 temperature regimes, with 3 replicate pens of 6 birds per treatment and temperature. A standard grower diet was diluted by adding rice hulls at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60% by weight from 7 to 14 d of age. On d 21 through 42, the temperature was maintained at 20 to 25°C (thermoneutral), or at 11 to 15°C (cool). Broilers exposed to cool temperatures developed higher right ventricle (RV) to total ventricle (TV) and RV to BW ratios, increased plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations, and elevated blood values for hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, and hematocrit (P<0.05) but did not develop clinical ascites. Diluting the feed with rice hulls from d 7 to 14 resulted in proportional reductions in BW by d 14 (P<0.001) that tended to persist through d 28 (P=0.005), after which compensatory growth eliminated all differences in BW between diet treatment groups by d 35 (P=0.099) and d 42 (P>0.1). Exposure to cool temperatures increased key indices of ascites susceptibility, and these preascitic changes were partially prevented by diluting the feed to reduce growth performance.
Biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LJ02 induces systemic resistance against cucurbits powdery mildew

Powdery mildew is a fungal disease found in a wide range of plants and can significantly reduce crop yields. Bacterial strain LJ02 is a biocontrol agent (BCA) isolated from a greenhouse in Tianjin, China. In combination of morphological, physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic analyses, strain LJ02 was classified as a new member of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Greenhouse trials showed that LJ02 fermentation broth (LJ02FB) can effectively diminish the occurrence of cucurbits powdery mildew. When treated with LJ02FB, cucumber seedlings produced significantly elevated production of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase as compared to that of the control. We further confirmed that the production of free salicylic acid (SA) and expression of one pathogenesis-related (PR) gene PR-1 in cucumber leaves were markedly elevated after treating with LJ02FB, suggesting that SA-mediated defense response was stimulated. Moreover, LJ02FB-treated cucumber leaves could secrete resistance-related substances into rhizosphere that inhibit the germination of fungi spores and the growth of pathogens. Finally, we separated bacterium and its fermented substances to test their respective effects and found that both components have SA-inducing activity and bacterium plays major roles. Altogether, we identified a BCA against powdery mildew and its mode of action by inducing systemic resistance such as SA signaling pathway.
What do police officers value in the classroom

Purpose – This qualitative study seeks to gather rich, narrative data from police officers on the social environment of law enforcement classrooms and the classroom experiences valued most by law enforcement officers.Design/methodology/approach – The study used interview data from a focus group, as well as individual interviews.Findings – Data revealed one predominant theme, students' preference for adult education practices, and four distinct subthemes: engagement, practicality, affiliation, and efficiency. That is, officers valued courses that were interesting and engaging, were applicable to their everyday duties and responsibilities, provided opportunities for social interaction, and were presented efficiently. These subthemes or classroom preferences support the primary study finding that the students preferred adult education practices in their classrooms. The interviews revealed, however, that actual law enforcement classrooms do not always accommodate these preferences or foster the preferred clas.
Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in the adaptive response of tumour cells to microenvironmental stress

Cells are constantly subjected to various types of endogenous and exogenous stressful stimuli, which can cause serious and even permanent damage. The ability of a cell to sense and adapt to environmental alterations is thus vital to maintain tissue homeostasis during development and adult life. Here, we review some of the major phenotypic characteristics of the hostile tumour microenvironment and the emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in these events.
Brain gene expression in relation to fearfulness in female red junglefowl (Gallus gallus)

The biology of fear is central to animal welfare and has been a major target for selection during domestication. Fear responses were studied in female red junglefowl (RJF), the ancestor of domesticated chickens. A total of 31 females were tested in a ground predator test, an aerial predator test and a tonic immobility (TI) test, in order to assess their level of fearfulness across different situations. Two to six variables from each test were entered into a principal component (PC) analysis, which showed one major fearfulness component (explaining 27% of the variance). Based on the PC scores, four high‐ and four low‐fearful birds were then selected for gene expression analysis. From each of these birds, the midbrain region (including thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary, mesencephalon, pons, nucleus tractus solitarii and medulla oblongata), was collected and global gene expression compared between groups using a 14k chicken cDNA microarray. There were 13 significantly differentially expressed (DE) genes (based on M > 1 and B > 0; FDR‐adjusted P < 0.05) between the fearful and non‐fearful females. Among the DE genes, we identified the neuroprotein Axin1, two potential DNA/RNA regulating proteins and a retrotransposon transcript situated in a well‐studied quantitative trait loci (QTL) region on chromosome 1, known to affect several domestication‐related traits. The differentially expressed genes may be part of a possible molecular mechanism controlling fear responses in fowl.
Benefits of training working memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: specific and transfer effects

ABSTRACT Background: A growing number of studies are attempting to understand how effective cognitive interventions may be for patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), particularly in relation to their memory problems. Methods: The present study aimed to explore the benefits of a working memory (WM) training program in aMCI patients. Patients (N = 20) were randomly assigned to two training programs: the experimental group practiced with a verbal WM task, while the active control group conducted educational activities on memory. Results: Results showed that the aMCI patients completing the WM training obtained specific gains in the task trained with some transfer effects on other WM measures (visuospatial WM) and on processes involved in or related to WM, e.g. fluid intelligence (the Cattell test) and long-term memory. This was not the case for the aMCI control group, who experienced only a very limited improvement. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that WM training could be a valuable method for improving cognitive performance in aMCI patients, possibly delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
Occurrence and three-dimensional structure of multiple synapses between individual radiatum axons and their target pyramidal cells in hippocampal area CA1

Recent physiological work has used quantal analysis to investigate the properties of synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation in hippocampal area CA1. These analyses have revealed changes in the strength of excitatory post-synaptic responses following long-term potentiation that could be mediated by cellular mechanisms in the presynaptic element, in the postsynaptic element, or in both elements. In these studies, either minimal stimulation, presumably involving a single presynaptic axon, or recordings from pairs of CA3 and CA1 cells have been used. Interpretation of these quantal analyses requires knowledge about whether single or multiple synapses occur between the presynaptic axon and its target CA1 pyramidal cells. Here, light and serial electron microscopy was used to begin to examine this question and a related question concerning the ultrastructure of spines on multiple-synapse boutons. Light microscopic analyses of Golgi preparations revealed that about 20% of the axons occurring in stratum radiatum come into close apposition with two to four different dendrites of a target CA1 cell. An “apposition” was defined as a point where the axons and dendrites crossed in the same focal plane and therefore were sufficiently close to allow a dendritic spine to reach the axon and possibly establish a synaptic contact. An additional 4% of the axons wound back and forth across individual dendrites, possibly forming multiple synapses closely spaced along the dendrites. Serial electron microscopy revealed that 24% of the individual axonal boutons in stratum radiatum make synapses with multiple dendritic spines arising from either the same or different dendritic segments. Two adjacent boutons of the same axon could also be found to synapse with different spines of the same dendrite. Together with the light microscopic analysis, these observations suggest that multiple synapses occur between single axons in stratum radiatum and their target CA1 cells, and that at least some of these synapses may occur at different electronic distances. If these multiple synapses have different physiological strengths, then they may obscure or smooth peaks in the frequency histograms that are used for quantal analyses. A three- dimensional analysis was done to compare the dimensions of pairs of dendritic spines synapsing with individual axonal boutons. When the pairs of spines associated with a single bouton arose from different dendrites, at least some of which were likely to have come from different cells, the differences between their volumes and the areas of the postsynaptic densities were on average 100% and ranged up to 650%. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Recent understanding of IBD pathogenesis: Implications for future therapies

&NA; The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are comprised of two major phenotypes, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Research over the last couple of years has led to great advances in understanding the inflammatory bowel diseases and their underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. From the current understanding, it is likely that chronic inflammation in IBD is due to aggressive cellular immune responses to a subset of luminal bacteria. Susceptibility to disease is thereby determined by genes encoding immune responses which are triggered by environmental stimuli. Based on extensive research over the last decade, there are several new and novel pathways and specific targets on which to focus new therapeutics. The following review summarizes the current view on the four basic tenets of the pathophysiological basis of IBD and its implications for therapies of IBD: genetics, immune dysregulation, barrier dysfunction and the role of the microbial flora.
The association between discrimination and the health of Sikh Asian Indians.

OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationships between self-reported discrimination (SRD) and mental and physical health (self-reported physical health conditions and direct, physiologic measures [BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and blood pressure]) among Sikh Asian Indians (AI), a group that may be particularly discriminated against because of physical manifestations of their faith, including a tendency to wear turbans or ethnic clothing. METHODS Sikh AIs (N = 196) were recruited from Sikh gurdwaras in Queens, New York. Data were collected on SRD, social support, and self-reported health, along with multiple direct physiological measures for cardiovascular health. RESULTS Participants who wore turbans/scarves reported higher levels of discrimination than those who did not wear turbans/scarves. As hypothesized, multiple regression analysis supported that discrimination is significantly associated with poorer self-reported mental (B = -.53, p < .001) and physical health (B = -.16, p = .04) while controlling for socioeconomic, acculturation, and social support factors. The study did not support an association between SRD and physiologic measures (elevated BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and blood pressure). CONCLUSION Consistent with previous discrimination and health reports, this study demonstrated an inverse relationship between discrimination and health among Sikh AIs, an understudied yet high-risk minority population. Community-based efforts are also needed to reduce the occurrence or buffer the effects of discrimination experienced by Sikh AIs. (PsycINFO Database Record
The Effects of Ingroup Development in a Post-Merger Joint-Brand Context

Mergers and acquisitions (M&As) involve a complex relationship between two previously separate organisations. Social Identity Theory (SIT) has been applied to the study of M&As as a way to better understand this relationship. To date, SIT literature has focused on developing the relationship between the merging organisations, in turn relinquishing the identity of the pre-merger organisations in favour of the new organisational identity. This research examines the constructs of the pre-merger groups, focusing on the pre-merger ingroups as a significant contributor to success in the post-merger environment. In some M&As, both pre-merger brands continue to operate simultaneously in the post-merger environment, and it is in this context that the ingroup plays an important role in post-merger integration. This research looks at ingroup development within a post-merger joint-brand context in order to assess the significance of ingroup identification within the post-merger environment. Ingroup development involves generating member identification with the pre-merger ingroup, rather than building identification with the post-merger organisation as a whole. Although there is literature to support the continuation of pre-merger ingroup identity in the post-merger environment, ingroup identification has generally been seen as a hindrance to the merger integration process. A New Zealand based case study was examined to explore the significance of ingroup development in the post-merger context. The research looked into the effects of implementing an "ingroup development intervention" within the case study. The research design used forty semi-structured interviews to create a 'before' and 'after' assessment of the case study in order to gauge the effects of the ingroup development intervention. The findings of the research were analysed using thematic analysis, which was able to assess the change in participant perceptions over a period of time. The findings showed that the ingroup development intervention resulted in a perceived reduction in status differences between the pre-merger groups, as well as a reported improvement in both ingroup and intergroup relations. The findings suggest that in a specified context, ingroup development can have a positive effect on the post-merger environment. The results of the research hold implications for both theorists and practitioners. The research provides intergroup theory with a greater understanding of ingroup identification and the extent to which it is effective within the post-merger environment. For practitioners, the research exhibits the value in post-merger organisations committing to long-term identity development for staff.
How providing mentoring relates to career success and organizational commitment: a study in the general managerial population

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the relationship of mentoring provided with career success and organizational commitment in the general managerial population.Design/methodology/approach – Participants were 194 native British who were employed in a variety of jobs, professions and industries in the United Kingdom.Findings – Mentoring provided was positively associated with objective and subjective career success and with mentoring received. Furthermore, mentoring provided mediated the relationship between mentoring received and both aspects of career success. However, although career‐related mentoring provided was positively associated with mentors' career success and affective organizational commitment, socio‐emotional mentoring provided was unrelated to mentors' career success and was negatively related to their affective commitment.Research limitations/implications – The study adds to the literature by indicating that, at least in the Anglo‐Saxon organizational environment, mentoring provided, .
Multicentre study of hepatitis B virus genotypes in France: correlation with liver fibrosis and hepatitis B e antigen status

Summary. The clinical significance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes is still under debate. The aims of this study were to assess the distribution of HBV genotypes in France and to identify the associations between HBV genotypes and patient demographics, severity of liver disease and HBeAg status in patients referred to tertiary care centres. This was a French, multicentre, retrospective study on 262 patients with chronic HBV infection. HBV genotypes were determined using INNO‐LiPA. Liver fibrosis damage was evaluated by histological analysis of biopsy samples. Patients were mainly male (74%), of Caucasian (65%), Asian (17%) or African (18%) ethnicity and 36% were HBeAg positive. All A–G genotypes were found, the most frequent being genotypes D (27%) and A (24%), followed by E (13%) and C (12%), and B (7%). Mixed genotypes were detected in 16% of the cases. Genotype A was associated with sexual contact (P < 0.001) and genotype D with transfusion (P < 0.001) and HBe antibody positivity (P = 0.03). The distribution of HBV genotypes differed with regard to the ethnicity, and may reflect migration patterns. Genotypes A and D were the most frequent in France. Genotype A was associated with HBeAg positivity and genotype D with HBe antibody positivity. In our European patients, we find no clear association between a given HBV genotype and liver disease severity.
Downstream Signaling Pathways in Mouse Adipose Tissues Following Acute In Vivo Administration of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

FGF21 is a novel secreted protein with robust anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-atherogenic activities in preclinical species. In the current study, we investigated the signal transduction pathways downstream of FGF21 following acute administration of the growth factor to mice. Focusing on adipose tissues, we identified FGF21-mediated downstream signaling events and target engagement biomarkers. Specifically, RNA profiling of adipose tissues and phosphoproteomic profiling of adipocytes, following FGF21 treatment revealed several specific changes in gene expression and post-translational modifications, specifically phosphorylation, in several relevant proteins. Affymetrix microarray analysis of white adipose tissues isolated from both C57BL/6 (fed either regular chow or HFD) and db/db mice identified over 150 robust potential RNA transcripts and over 50 potential secreted proteins that were changed greater than 1.5 fold by FGF21 acutely. Phosphoprofiling analysis identified over 130 phosphoproteins that were modulated greater than 1.5 fold by FGF21 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Bioinformatic analysis of the combined gene and phosphoprotein profiling data identified a number of known metabolic pathways such as glucose uptake, insulin receptor signaling, Erk/Mapk signaling cascades, and lipid metabolism. Moreover, a number of novel events with hitherto unknown links to FGF21 signaling were observed at both the transcription and protein phosphorylation levels following treatment. We conclude that such a combined "omics" approach can be used not only to identify robust biomarkers for novel therapeutics but can also enhance our understanding of downstream signaling pathways; in the example presented here, novel FGF21-mediated signaling events in adipose tissue have been revealed that warrant further investigation.