Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Project Start: An Evaluation of a Community-Wide School-Based Intervention to Reduce Truancy.

The study evaluated the effectiveness of a community-based court intervention aimed at reducing truancy in a large urban school district. A quasi-experimental design was used to assess attendance outcomes for 567 truants matched on demographics and drawn from three categories of intervention (no court referral, traditional court referral, and court referral with community-based services). A court group by time ANOVA was conducted. Truancy levels remained high and unchanged for nonreferred truants throughout the study. Both court groups showed a significant drop in absences 30 days post court. During the subsequent 30-day period, the community-based court maintained the reduced rates, while the traditional court group showed higher truancy levels than the community-based court group. No significant interaction effects were found between court groups and sex, age group, or ethnic categories. At one year follow-up, the community-based court group continued to show significantly lower levels of unexcused absences compared to the other two experimental groups. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 657–667, 2005.
The relationship between cancer locus of control and complementary and alternative medicine use by women diagnosed with breast cancer

Research has shown that perceptions of control influence health‐related behavior and outcomes. This study explored the influence of the control constructs in the context of the theory of cognitive adaptation to the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among 551 women diagnosed with breast cancer in Portland, Oregon. The majority of these women had high perceptions of cancer control and used one or more types of CAM therapy. Multinomial logistical regression indicated that higher perceptions of control over the course and cause of cancer significantly predicted CAM use. The model combining sociodemographic variables (age, education and type of health insurance) and control variables explained more variation (R2=0.23) in predicting CAM use than the model with only sociodemographic variables (R2=0.14), indicating that perceptions of control over the cause and the course of cancer had an independent significant influence. It was concluded that the assessment of control constructs from the theory of cognitive adaptation is useful for studying CAM use among women diagnosed with breast cancer and that understanding the meanings that lie behind the decisions to use these therapies are essential for health care providers who are promoting the health and well‐being of their patients. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reasons for Starting and Continuing Gambling in a Mixed Ethnic Community Sample of Pathological and Non-problem Gamblers

Very few studies have investigated motivational differences between pathological gamblers (PG) and non-problem gamblers (NPG), or between men and women. Motives for starting gambling have not been distinguished from motives for continuing gambling. From a community survey questionnaire listing reasons generated from the population studied, the motives of 103 current PG met the DSM-IV-TR criteria of five or more symptoms within the 12 months to October 2004. NPG assented to less than three symptoms. Generally, PG had significantly stronger motives than NPG and preferred continuous forms of gambling. There were no overall gender differences in motives, but electronic gaming machines and bingo were the primary choices for female PG. Gambling to escape from stress and troubles increased for PG but not for NPG, while gambling for social reasons decreased for both groups. Because of disproportionate numbers of PG and NPG in the Caucasian, Maori, Pacific Island and Asian groups, ethnic differences were not examined. The findings supported some aspects of theories of gambling motivation. Lowering stress for PG, raising community awareness of the risk of gambling to socialize and undertaking longitudinal research in community samples were suggested.
Chronic treatment of (R)‐α‐lipoic acid reduces blood glucose and lipid levels in high‐fat diet and low‐dose streptozotocin‐induced metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in Sprague‐Dawley rats

(R)‐ α ‐lipoic acid (ALA), an essential cofactor in mitochondrial respiration and a potential antioxidant, possesses a wide array of metabolic benefits including anti‐obesity, glucose lowering, insulin‐sensitizing, and lipid‐lowering effects. In this study, the curative effects of ALA (100 mg/kg) on a spectrum of conditions related to metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were investigated in a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed and low‐dose streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced rat model of metabolic syndrome and T2D. The marked rise in the levels of glucose, triglycerides, total‐cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol, and VLDL‐cholesterol in the blood of HFD‐fed and low‐dose STZ‐injected rats were significantly reduced by ALA treatment. Furthermore, ALA treatment significantly increased the serum HDL‐cholesterol levels and tended to inhibit diabetes‐induced weight reduction. Mathematical computational analysis revealed that ALA also significantly improved insulin sensitivity and reduced the risk of atherosclerotic lesions and coronary atherogenesis. This study provides scientific evidence to substantiate the use of ALA to mitigate the glucose and lipid abnormality in metabolic syndrome and T2D.
A high-performance elliptic curve cryptographic processor over GF(p) with SPA resistance

In order to support high speed application such as cloud computing, we propose a new elliptic curve cryptographic (ECC) processor architecture. The proposed processor includes a 3 pipelined-stage full-word Montgomery multiplier which requires much fewer execution cycles than that of previous methods. To reach real-time requirement, the time-cost pre-computation steps of Montgomery modular multiplication are achieved by hardware as well. Moreover, our proposed processor is resistant to the simple power analysis (SPA) attack by using the Montgomery ladder-based elliptic curve scalar multiplication (ECSM). Even the Montgomery ladder method inherently has operation overhead compared with traditional binary ECSM, both of hardware sharing and parallelization techniques are exploited to improve the hardware performance. Synthesized in TSMC 90nm CMOS technology, our proposed ECC processor performs a 256-bit ECSM in 120µs over prime field with 540K gate counts. This result is at least 25% better than relative works in terms of area-time (AT) product.
Transport Dynamics in a Sheltered Estuary and Connecting Tidal Straits : SF 6 Tracer Study in New York Harbor

T H E O D O R E C A P L O W , * , † P E T E R S C H L O S S E R , † , ‡ , § D A V I D T . H O , ‡ , § A N D N I C H O L A S S A N T E L L A ‡ , § Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
Paradoxical Effects in PageRank Incremental Computations

Deciding which kind of visiting strategy accumulates high-quality pages more quickly is one of the most often debated issues in the design of web crawlers. This paper proposes a related, and previously overlooked, measure of effectiveness for crawl strategies: whether the graph obtained after a partial visit is in some sense representative of the underlying web graph as far as the computation of PageRank is concerned. More precisely, we are interested in determining how rapidly the computation of PageRank over the visited subgraph yields node orders that agree with the ones computed in the complete graph; orders are compared using Kendall's ô . We describe a number of large-scale experiments that show the following paradoxical effect: visits that gather PageRank more quickly (e.g., highest-quality first) are also those that tend to miscalculate PageRank. Finally, we perform the same kind of experimental analysis on some synthetic random graphs, generated using well-known web-graph models: the results are almost opposite to those obtained on real web graphs.
When Numbers Get Heavy: Is the Mental Number Line Exclusively Numerical?

The mental number line, with its left-to-right orientation of increasing numerical values, is often regarded as evidence for a unique connection between space and number. Yet left-to-right orientation has been shown to extend to other dimensions, consistent with a general magnitude system wherein different magnitudes share neural and conceptual resources. Such observations raise a fundamental, yet relatively unexplored, question about spatial-numerical associations: What is the nature of the information represented along the mental number line? Here we show that this information is not exclusive to number, simultaneously accommodating numerical and non-numerical magnitudes. Participants completed the classic SNARC (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes) task while sometimes wearing wrist weights. Weighting the left wrist–thereby linking less and more weight to right and left, respectively–worked against left-to-right orientation of number, leaving no behavioral trace of the mental number line. Our findings point to the dynamic integration of magnitude dimensions, with spatial organization instantiating representational currency (i.e., more/less relations) shared across magnitudes.
Synaptic Vesicle Dynamics in Rat Fast and Slow Motor Nerve Terminals

We have investigated whether rat motor nerve terminals with different in vivo activity patterns also have different vesicle trafficking characteristics. To do this, we monitored, using combined optical and electrical techniques, the rate of exocytosis (during different frequencies and patterns of activity), the releasable pool size, and the recycle time of synaptic vesicles in terminals on soleus (slow-twitch) and extensor digitorum longus [(EDL); fast-twitch] muscle fibers. EDL terminals had a higher initial quantal content (QC) than soleus, but during tonic or phasic stimulation at 20–80 Hz, EDL QC ran down to a greater extent than soleus QC. By recording loss of fluorescence from exocytosing vesicles labeled with the dye FM1–43, EDL terminals were found to destain faster than those in soleus. Simultaneous intracellular recording of end plate potentials, to count the number of vesicles released, permitted estimation of the total vesicle pool (VP) size and the recycle time by combining the optical and electrophysiological data. Soleus vesicle pool was larger than EDL, but recycle time was not significantly different. These terminals, therefore, are adapted to their in vivo activity patterns by alterations in QC and VP size but not recycle time.
Recursive Autoencoders for ITG-Based Translation

While inversion transduction grammar (ITG) is well suited for modeling ordering shifts between languages, how to make applying the two reordering rules (i.e., straight and inverted) dependent on actual blocks being merged remains a challenge. Unlike previous work that only uses boundary words, we propose to use recursive autoencoders to make full use of the entire merging blocks alternatively. The recursive autoencoders are capable of generating vector space representations for variable-sized phrases, which enable predicting orders to exploit syntactic and semantic information from a neural language modeling’s perspective. Experiments on the NIST 2008 dataset show that our system significantly improves over the MaxEnt classifier by 1.07 BLEU points.
Inverse patterns of myelination and GAP‐43 expression in the adult CNS: Neurite growth inhibitors as regulators of neuronal plasticity?

In the central nervous system (CNS) myelin is present not only in white matter, but also in varying amounts in many gray matter areas. In addition to the function of electrical insulation of axons, myelin and oligodendrocytes contain molecules that are powerful inhibitors of neurite growth. Nevertheless plastic changes involving sprouting of nerve terminals occur in several brain regions of adult animals after partial lesions. In this study we have tried to correlate the plastic potential of CNS regions with the degree of their myelination. The expression of the growth‐associated protein GAP‐43 was used as an indicator of the potential for plastic changes, and a histological myelin stain was used to assess myelination. We have found that myelination and GAP‐43 expression have strikingly inverse expression patterns in the majority of CNS gray matter areas. Densely myelinated regions, that is, most brainstem nuclei, the tegmentum, and the inferior colliculus, are low in GAP‐43. In contrast, unmyelinated or lightly myelinated areas, such as the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord, the nucleus of the solitary tract, or the septum, express high levels of GAP‐43. Areas known to show lesion‐induced sprouting are typically high in GAP‐43 and only lightly myelinated. During postnatal development the myelination pattern precedes the GAP‐43 pattern, a sequence that is consistent with a role of myelin and the associated neurite growth inhibitors in modifying GAP‐43 expression.
Molecular Topology Analysis of the Differences between Drugs, Clinical Candidate Compounds, and Bioactive Molecules

A new method to decompose molecules is proposed and used to analyze drugs, clinical candidate compounds and bioactive molecules. The method classifies a set of molecules into a few well-defined classes based on their molecular framework. It is then possible to use these classes to investigate differences between drugs, clinical candidates and bioactive molecules. The analysis shows that in comparison with clinical candidates and bioactive compounds, drugs have a higher fraction of compounds with only one ring system. This conclusion is still valid after correcting for lipophilicity (ClogP) and molecular size, as well as any potential protein target bias in the data sets. Furthermore the molecular bridge part of compounds in the drug set has on average fewer ring systems than molecules from the other sets. The ring system complexity (RSC) was also investigated and for most topological classes drugs have a lower RSC than the clinical candidates and bioactive molecules. Hence, this study highlights differences in topology between drugs, clinical candidate compounds and bioactive molecules.
Reverse Channel Design: The Case of Competing Retailers

The economical and environmental benefits of product remanufacturing have been widely recognized in the literature and in practice. In this paper, we focus on the interaction between a manufacturers reverse channel choice to collect postconsumer goods and the strategic product pricing decisions in the forward channel when retailing is competitive. To this end, we model a direct product collection system, in which the manufacturer collects used products directly from the consumers (e.g., print and copy cartridges) and an indirect product collection system, in which the retailers act as product return points (e.g., single-use cameras, cellular phones). We first examine how the allocation of product collection to retailers impacts their strategic behavior in the product market, and we discuss the economic trade-offs the manufacturer faces while choosing an optimal reverse channel structure. When a direct collection system is used, channel profits are driven by the impact of scale of returns on collection effort, whereas in the indirect reverse channel, supply chain profits are driven by the competitive interaction between the retailers. Subsequently, we show that the buy-back payments transfered to the retailers for postconsumer goods provide a wholesale pricing flexibility that can be used to price discriminate between retailers of different profitability.
A 2.45-GHz Near-Field RFID System With Passive On-Chip Antenna Tags

The design of a 2.45-GHz near-field RF identification (RFID) system with passive on-chip antenna (OCA) tags is very challenging as the efficiency of RF power conversion is very low. It poses multidisciplinary research challenges such as ultra-low-power circuits design, semiconductor process technology, and integrated antenna design. This paper describes the designs of such an RFID system, the reader, and OCAs, as well as the passive tag integrated circuits in detail. The passive tag chip with 128-bit nonvolatile memory has been realized using CMOS 0.13- technology. The OCA is fabricated on top of the chip using post-processing technology. The complete RFID tag with an integrated OCA is smaller than 0.5- with a thickness of 0.1 mm. With the reader generating an output power of 0.5 W, the RFID system is able to perform with RF read/write functions at a distance of .
Twenty years of eye typing: systems and design issues

Eye typing provides a means of communication for severely handicapped people, even those who are only capable of moving their eyes. This paper considers the features, functionality and methods used in the eye typing systems developed in the last twenty years. Primary concerned with text production, the paper also addresses other communication related issues, among them customization and voice output.
Assessing Motivation for Change: Preliminary Development and Evaluation of a Scale Measuring the Costs and Benefits of Changing Alcohol or Drug Use

This article describes the construction and preliminary evaluation of a scale (the Alcohol and Drug Consequences Questionnaire [ADCQ]) assessing the costs and benefits of changing an alcohol or drug problem. The ADCQ's costs and benefits subscales displayed good internal reliability (Cronbach alphas were .90 for the benefits subscale and .92 for the costs subscale). Furthermore, the ADCQ was significantly related to respondents' ratings of the importance of achieving their alcohol or drug treatment goal and to drinking at a 12-month follow-up. Measures assessing the costs and benefits of change appear to be useful indexes of client motivation and for predicting long-term change within the addictions.
Spatial Spectrum and Energy Efficiency of Random Cellular Networks

It is a great challenge to evaluate the network performance of cellular mobile communication systems. In this paper, we propose new spatial spectrum and energy efficiency models for Poisson-Voronoi tessellation (PVT) random cellular networks. To evaluate the user access to the network, a Markov chain based wireless channel access model is first proposed for PVT random cellular networks. On that basis, the outage probability and blocking probability of PVT random cellular networks are derived, which can be computed numerically. Furthermore, taking into account the call arrival rate, the path loss exponent and the base station (BS) density in random cellular networks, spatial spectrum and energy efficiency models are proposed and analyzed for PVT random cellular networks. Numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the network spectrum and energy efficiency in PVT random cellular networks.
Vocational Interests and Basic Values

Two studies investigated the relations between vocational interests and basic values. In Study 1, hypotheses relating interests to values were derived and tested among 97 clients in career counseling. Conventional interests correlated positively with conformity, security, and tradition values and negatively with self-direction, stimulation, and universalism values. Enterprising interests correlated positively with power and achievement values and negatively with universalism values. Social interests correlated positively with benevolence values. Artistic and investigative interests correlated positively with self-direction and universalism values and negatively with conformity, security, and tradition values. Realistic interests, as expected, did not correlate with values. Study 2 replicated these findings among 545 counselees and showed that findings better matched the hypothesized pattern of relations among individuals who had reached a quality career decision during counseling. Implications for the implementation of both interests and values in career counseling are discussed.
Gaming Addiction, Gaming Engagement, and Psychological Health Complaints Among Norwegian Adolescents

Distinguishing high engagement with games from gaming addiction has been a challenge for researchers. We present evidence that an established self-report instrument can be used to distinguish addicted gamers from highly engaged gamers. The study used data from the World Health Organization's survey, Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children. A nationally representative sample of Norwegian eighth graders completed the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents. Respondents who endorsed all four of the core criteria for addiction (relapse, withdrawal, conflict, and problems) were categorized as addicted gamers. Respondents who endorsed two or three of the core criteria were categorized as problem gamers. Those who endorsed all three peripheral criteria (salience, tolerance, and mood modification), but not more than one of the addiction criteria, were categorized as highly engaged gamers. Controlling for gender and physical exercise, gaming addicts and problem gamers had greater risk of feeling low, feeling irritable or in a bad mood, feeling nervous, feeling tired and exhausted, and feeling afraid. The highly engaged gamers did not have greater risk of psychological health complaints. This suggests that it is possible to distinguish addicted and problem gamers with psychological health complaints from adolescents who are merely highly engaged gamers.
Why follow? The interplay of leader categorization, identification, and feeling respected

Guided by both social cognitive and identity-based perspectives of leadership, the present study investigated how and when the process of leader categorization results in greater leader effectiveness. Specifically, we propose that the relationship between leader categorization and subordinates’ openness toward leadership should be partially mediated by subordinates’ identification with their leaders. Furthermore, seeking to corroborate that the issue of self-esteem is the central ingredient in the identification process, we argue that the mediation should become weaker the more subordinates feel that they are being treated disrespectfully by their leaders, and thus are explicitly undermined in their efforts toward self-enhancement. The proposed mediating effect was tested and supported in two field studies (N1 = 244, N2 = 645). In the second study, we also tested and found support for the proposed moderated mediation model. The theoretical and managerial consequences are discussed.
A discussion of the developing role of educational psychologists within Children’s Services

This paper reflects upon the developing role of educational psychologists (EPs) within the local authority Children’s Services, from the starting point that the EP role has, through numerous reviews, been clearly conceptualised. Detailing the philosophy and framework for the inception of Children’s Services in England, the authors propose two specific directions for EP work within this context. With an illustrative case study of one local authority EP service, it is argued that, whilst the core EP functions remain constant, it is the range and derivation of EP work which is being, and will continue to be, transformed. Reinforcing Stobie’s emphasis from 2002 upon EPs’ ability to respond flexibly to the changing socio‐political context, and the associated challenges for initial professional training, the authors highlight the significance of issues of role specialisation, commissioning of educational psychology services, and evaluation of the outcomes of EP work. A strategy for future EP role reviews is proposed.