Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ALMA Observations of the Water Fountain Pre-planetary Nebula IRAS 16342-3814: High-velocity Bipolar Jets and an Expanding Torus

We have mapped 12CO J = 3–2 and other molecular lines from the “water fountain” bipolar pre-planetary nebula (PPN) IRAS 16342-3814 with ∼0. ″35 resolution using Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We find (i) two very high-speed knotty, jet-like molecular outflows; (ii) a central high-density ( cm−3), expanding torus of diameter 1300 au; and (iii) the circumstellar envelope of the progenitor AGB, generated by a sudden, very large increase in the mass-loss rate to M⊙ yr−1 in the past ∼455 years. Strong continuum emission at 0.89 mm from a central source (690 mJy), if due to thermally emitting dust, implies a substantial mass (0.017 M⊙) of very large (∼millimeter-sized) grains. The measured expansion ages of the above structural components imply that the torus (age ∼160 years) and the younger high-velocity outflow (age ∼110 years) were formed soon after the sharp increase in the AGB mass-loss rate. Assuming a binary model for the jets in IRAS 16342, the high momentum rate for the dominant jet-outflow in IRAS 16342 implies a high minimum accretion rate, ruling out standard Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton wind accretion and wind Roche-lobe overflow (RLOF) models with white-dwarf or main-sequence companions. Most likely, enhanced RLOF from the primary or accretion modes operating within common-envelope evolution are needed.
Conservation of a hexapeptide sequence in the anchor region of surface proteins from Gram‐positive cocci

A highly conserved hexapeptide sequence (both at the protein‐and DNA level) has been identified within the C‐terminal end of all 11 known surface proteins from Gram‐positive cocci. The hexapeptide, with the consensus sequence LPXTGE, is located about 9 amino acids N‐terminal from the C‐terminal hydrophobic domain which is found in all these surface molecules. The conservation of the hexapeptide, despite sequence variation within the regions flanking it, suggests that it is important for the attachment of these proteins within the cell.
Data Management in the Cloud: Limitations and Opportunities

Recently the cloud computing paradigm has been receiving significant excitement and attention in the media and blogosphere. To some, cloud computing seems to be little more than a marketing umbrella, encompassing topics such as distributed computing, grid computing, utility computing, and softwareas-a-service, that have already received significant research focus and commercial implementation. Nonetheless, there exist an increasing number of large companies that are offering cloud computing infrastructure products and services that do not entirely resemble the visions of these individual compo-
The Antecedents and Consequences of Market Orientation in Australia by Sue Pulendran †

The subject of market orientation has been of interest to both researchers and practitioners for several years. The work of Jaworski and Kohli (1993) inspired a substantial body of literature that empirically examined the antecedents and consequences of a market orientation. This article contributes to that body of literature by investigating the antecedents and consequences of market orientation in Australia. The results successfully replicate the Jaworski and Kohli findings, within an Australian environment. Results illustrate that understanding the culture, activities and processes associated with market-oriented activity have significant implications for organisations in Australia.
Catalysts Supported on Carbon Materials for the Selective Hydrogenation of Citral

The heterogeneously catalyzed selective-hydrogenation of citral is one of the more feasible ways for obtaining its appreciated unsaturated-alcohols, nerol and geraniol, which are present in over 250 essential oils. Thus, citral has very recently come to be produced petro-chemically in very large quantities, and so partial hydrogenation of citral has become a very economical route for the production of these compounds. However, the selective hydrogenation of citral is not easy, because citral is an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde which possesses three double bonds that can be hydrogenated: an isolated C=C bond and the conjugated C=O and C=C bonds. For this reason, in catalyst selection there are several important issues which affect the product selectivity, for example, the active metal and metal particle size which are factors related to the catalyst preparation method, catalyst precursor, or support surface area, as well as other factors such as porosity, the addition of a second catalytic metal, and, of course, the type of catalyst support. About this last one, carbon materials are very interesting supports for this type of hydrogenation reaction due to their unique chemical and textural properties. This review collects and analyzes the results obtained in the selective hydrogenation of citral catalyzed by carbon material supported metals.
Regulation of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Selection for mutants which release glucose repression of the CYB2 gene was used to identify genes which regulate repression of mitochondrial biogenesis. We have identified two of these as the previously described GRR1/CAT80 and ROX3 genes. Mutations in these genes not only release glucose repression of CYB2 but also generally release respiration of the mutants from glucose repression. In addition, both mutants are partially defective in CYB2 expression when grown on nonfermentable carbon sources, indicating a positive regulatory role as well. ROX3 was cloned by complementation of a glucose-inducible flocculating phenotype of an amber mutant and has been mapped as a new leftmost marker on chromosome 2. The ROX3 mutant has only a modest defect in glucose repression of GAL1 but is substantially compromised in galactose induction of GAL1 expression. This mutant also has increased SUC2 expression on nonrepressing carbon sources. We have also characterized the regulation of CYB2 in strains carrying null mutation in two other glucose repression genes, HXK2 and SSN6, and show that HXK2 is a negative regulator of CYB2, whereas SSN6 appears to be a positive effector of CYB2 expression.
Anatomic measurements of the posterior tympanum related to the round window vibroplasty in congenital aural atresia and stenosis patients

Abstract Conclusions With the aggravation of the external auditory canal malformation, the size of extra-niche fossa became smaller, providing concrete data and valuable information for the better design, selecting and safer implantation of the transducer in the area of round window niche. Three-dimensional measurements and assessments before surgery might be helpful for a safer surgical approach and implantation of a vibrant soundbridge. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate whether differences exist in the morphology of the posterior tympanum related to the round window vibroplasty among congenital aural atresia (CAA), congenital aural stenosis (CAS), and a normal control group, and to analyze its effect on the round window implantation of vibrant soundbridge. Methods CT images of 10 normal subjects (20 ears), 27 CAS patients (30 ears), and 25 CAA patients (30 ears) were analyzed. The depth and the size of outside fossa of round window niche related to the round window vibroplasty (extra-niche fossa)and the distances between the center of round window niche and extra-niche fossa were calculated based on three-dimensional reconstruction using mimics software. Finally, the data were analyzed statistically. Results The size of extra-niche fossa in the atresia group was smaller than in the stenosis group (p < 0.05); furthermore, the size of extra-niche fossa in the stenosis group was smaller than that of the control group (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference of the depth of extra-niche fossa among different groups.
Joint user pairing, frequency allocation, and beamforming for MIMO SC-FDMA transmission with QoS requirements

In this paper, we consider joint user pairing and frequency allocation with beamforming (BF) assuming per user Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. A single-carrier frequency-division multiple-access (SC-FDMA) transmission employing a zero-forcing (ZF) detector at the receiver is assumed. The BF filter coefficients are jointly optimized with the user pairing and frequency allocation of the users. The transmit power savings achievable by combining BF with user pairing and frequency allocation are compared to these of a constant power allocation over all subcarriers. To this end, BF filter coefficient optimization and constant power allocation are briefly revisited and novel BF filter solutions for single-input multiple-output (SIMO) and single-input single-output (SISO) transmission, respectively, are derived for SC-FDMA. Numerical results show that the transmit power can be significantly reduced with BF for suboptimum algorithms, but for optimal joint user pairing and frequency allocation the gain of BF compared to constant power allocation is negligible.
Cluster of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections in Iran, 2014

During January 2013–August 2014, a total of 1,800 patients in Iran who had respiratory illness were tested for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. A cluster of 5 cases occurred in Kerman Province during May–July 2014, but virus transmission routes for some infections were unclear.
Running biomechanics: shorter heels, better economy

SUMMARY Better running economy (i.e. a lower rate of energy consumption at a given speed) is correlated with superior distance running performance. There is substantial variation in running economy, even among elite runners. This variation might be due to variation in the storage and reutilization of elastic energy in tendons. Using a simple musculoskeletal model, it was predicted that the amount of energy stored in a tendon during a given movement depends more critically on moment arm than on mechanical properties of the tendon, with the amount of stored energy increasing as the moment arm gets smaller. Assuming a link between elastic energy reutilization and overall metabolic cost of running, a smaller moment arm should therefore be associated with superior running economy. This prediction was confirmed experimentally in a group of 15 highly trained runners. The moment arm of the Achilles tendon was determined from standardized photographs of the ankle, using the position of anatomical landmarks. Running economy was measured as the rate of metabolic energy consumption during level treadmill running at a speed of 16 km h–1. A strong correlation was found between the moment arm of the Achilles tendon and running economy. Smaller muscle moment arms correlated with lower rates of metabolic energy consumption (r2=0.75, P<0.001).
Micropropagation and callogenesis of Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe

Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe (zedoaria) e uma Zingiberaceae com propriedades medicinais, da qual o rizoma e explorado comercialmente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer um protocolo in vitro para a micropropagacao e calogenese de Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe, como alternativa para melhorar a obtencao de plantas, tornando economicamente possivel a exploracao de seus compostos secundarios que apresentam propriedades medicinais. A micropropagacao usando apices caulinares produzidos por rizoma ou por plantas cultivadas in vitro foi obtida em meio de cultura contendo os sais basicos de Murashige & Skoog suplementado com 2.0 mg L-1 de benzil amino purina e 30 g L-1 de sacarose. As plântulas obtidas foram aclimatadas em casa de vegetacao utilizando-se cobertura plastica por no minimo 10 dias. O tratamento das plântulas com endomicorrizas, no momento de transferencia das plantas para casa de vegetacao, foi benefico para o processo de aclimatizacao, melhorando o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. Calos foram obtidos pela inoculacao de segmentos de raizes em meio de cultura contendo os sais basicos de Murashige & Skoog suplementado com 1.0 mg L-1 de acido naftaleno acetico e mantidos no escuro. Culturas de celulas em suspensao foram estabelecidas em meio liquido de mesma composicao e sob as mesmas condicoes de cultivo e uma curva de crescimento foi estabelecida para a especie.
Cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

To date, there are no definitive biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis. The detection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alpha (α)-synuclein in PD patients has yielded promising but inconclusive results. To determine the performance of CSF α-synuclein as a diagnostic biomarker of PD and whether CSF α-synuclein can discriminate PD from other neurodegenerative diseases, a systematic search of all relevant studies investigating reproducible CSF α-synuclein quantification methods was conducted in electronic databases. A total of 17 studies that included 3311 patients were included in this systemic review and meta-analysis. The mean CSF α-synuclein concentration was significantly lower in PD patients compared to normal/neurological controls [weighted mean difference (WMD) −0.31; 95% CI, −0.45, −0.16; p < 0.0001] and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) [WMD −0.15; 95% CI, −0.26, −0.04; p < 0.0001]. There was no significant difference between PD patients and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients [WMD −0.03; 95% CI, −0.16, 0.09; p = 0.58] or patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) [WMD 0.05; 95% CI, −0.04, 0.13; p = 0.25]. Sensitivity and specificity of CSF α-synuclein in the diagnosis of PD was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84–0.91) and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.35–0.45), respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios of CSF α-synuclein in the diagnosis of PD were 1.41 (95% CI, 1.24–1.60), and 0.29 (95% CI, 0.15–0.56), respectively. The corresponding summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.73. The concentration of CSF α-synuclein may be a biomarker for the diagnosis of PD. The use of α-synuclein alone however is not sufficient as a single biomarker and it must therefore be used in conjunction with other documented and reliable biomarkers.
Sums and Products of Distinct Sets and Distinct Elements in ℂ

Abstract Let A and B be finite subsets of ℂ such that |B| = C|A|. We show the following variant of the sum product phenomenon: If |AB| < α|A| and α ≪ log |A|, then |k A + l B| ≫ |A| k |B| l . This is an application of a result of Evertse, Schlickewei, and Schmidt on linear equations with variables taking values in multiplicative groups of finite rank, in combination with an earlier theorem of Ruzsa about sumsets in . As an application of the case A = B we give a lower bound on |A +|+|A ×|, where A + is the set of sums of distinct elements of A and A × is the set of products of distinct elements of A.
ICT USAGE IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY ON PRESERVICE TEACHERS AND INSTRUCTORS

This study explored the level of usage of preservice teachers’ and instructors’ utilization of information and communication technologies (ICT). Thus, the main purpose of this study was to examine factors that contribute to preservice teachers’ utilization of technology and suggest recommendations regarding to the effective utilization of technology. This case study used data from a school of education in a private university. Results of this study indicated that teacher education programs fail to provide appropriate instructional technologies and computer facilities for both in and out of class activities. Furthermore, three factors that appear to have a significant influence on the effective use of technology were found to be: (1) the quantity and quality of the lessons addressing technology in the curriculum, (2) incompetent teachers/lack of in-service training, and (3) insufficient technological infrastructure.
Why Don't Households Smooth Consumption? Evidence from a 25 Million Dollar Experiment

This paper evaluates theoretical explanations for the propensity of households to increase spending in response to the arrival of predictable, lump-sum payments, using households in the Nielsen Consumer Panel who received $25 million in Federal stimulus payments that were distributed randomly across weeks. The pattern of spending is inconsistent with models in which identical households cycle through high and low response states as they manage liquidity. Instead, the propensity spend is a persistent household trait. This trait is unrelated to expectation errors, almost unrelated to crude measures of procrastination and self-control, moderately related to measures of sophistication and planning, and highly related to a measure of impatience.
Defense Against Advanced Persistent Threats in Dynamic Cloud Storage: A Colonel Blotto Game Approach

Advanced persistent threat (APT) attackers apply multiple sophisticated methods to continuously and stealthily steal information from the targeted cloud storage systems and can even induce the storage system to apply a specific defense strategy and attack it accordingly. In this paper, the interactions between an APT attacker and a defender allocating their central processing units (CPUs) over multiple storage devices in a cloud storage system are formulated as a Colonel Blotto game. The Nash equilibria of the CPU allocation game are derived for both symmetric and asymmetric CPUs between the APT attacker and the defender to evaluate how the limited CPU resources, the data storage size and the number of storage devices impact the expected data protection level and the utility of the cloud storage system. A CPU allocation scheme based on “hotbooting” policy hill-climbing that exploits the experiences in similar scenarios to initialize the quality values to accelerate the learning speed is proposed for the defender to achieve the optimal APT defense performance in the dynamic game without being aware of the APT attack model and the data storage model. A hotbooting deep ${Q}$ -network-based CPU allocation scheme further improves the APT detection performance for the case with a large number of CPUs and storage devices. Simulation results show that our proposed reinforcement learning-based CPU allocation can improve both the data protection level and the utility of the cloud storage system compared with the ${Q}$ -learning-based CPU allocation against APTs.
Functional and morphologic analysis of the fluid-conducting meshwork in xenografted cutaneous and primary uveal melanoma.

PURPOSE In primary uveal and cutaneous melanoma lesions, extracellular matrix (ECM) is often deposited in arcs, loops, and network patterns. Based on prognostic relevance, these patterns appear to play a significant role in facilitating metastasis. It has been demonstrated that these patterns were capable of transmitting fluid. The current study was undertaken to elucidate further the functional role of these patterns in tumor perfusion and to examine the composition of the patterns by immunohistochemistry. METHODS To study the role of these patterns in perfusion, fluorochrome-labeled bovine serum albumin, bovine insulin, and dextrans of different molecular sizes were injected intravenously into nude mice bearing subcutaneous human cutaneous melanoma xenografts. Distribution of the human melanoma cells and murine host cells was analyzed by DNA in situ hybridization. To elucidate the composition of these patterns, human uveal melanoma tissues were analyzed for expression of ECM components by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Small molecules (Stokes' radius <4.4 nm) crossed the vessel wall and spread along the ECM patterns within 2 to 10 minutes, whereas larger molecules (Stokes' radius approximately 5.8 nm) required 30 to 45 minutes to enter. Murine host cells were found exclusively in the ECM pattern compartment. In primary uveal melanoma, different types of collagen, ECM-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and different types of cells were present in the patterns. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that the ECM deposited as arcs, loops, and network patterns, accommodate the transport of plasma-derived molecules, (e.g., nutrients), to the tumor lesion, thus enhancing tumor growth and progression, and facilitating infiltration of tumor tissue by host-derived cells.
Neutral hydrogen in galaxy haloes at the peak of the cosmic star formation history

We use high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations from the FIRE (Feedback in Realistic Environments) project to make predictions for the covering fractions of neutral hydrogen around galaxies at z = 2–4. These simulations resolve the interstellar medium of galaxies and explicitly implement a comprehensive set of stellar feedback mechanisms. Our simulation sample consists of 16 main haloes covering the mass range M_h ≈ 10^9–6 × 10^(12) M_⊙ at z = 2, including 12 haloes in the mass range M_h ∼ 10^(11)–10^(12) M_⊙ corresponding to Lyman break galaxies (LBGs). We process our simulations with a ray tracing method to compute the ionization state of the gas. Galactic winds increase the H i covering fractions in galaxy haloes by direct ejection of cool gas from galaxies and through interactions with gas inflowing from the intergalactic medium. Our simulations predict H i covering fractions for Lyman limit systems (LLSs) consistent with measurements around z ∼ 2–2.5 LBGs; these covering fractions are a factor ∼2 higher than our previous calculations without galactic winds. The fractions of H i absorbers arising in inflows and in outflows are on average ∼50 per cent but exhibit significant time variability, ranging from ∼10 to ∼90 per cent. For our most massive haloes, we find a factor ∼3 deficit in the LLS covering fraction relative to what is measured around quasars at z ∼ 2, suggesting that the presence of a quasar may affect the properties of halo gas on ∼100 kpc scales. The predicted covering fractions, which decrease with time, peak at M_h ∼ 10^(11)–10^(12) M_⊙, near the peak of the star formation efficiency in dark matter haloes. In our simulations, star formation and galactic outflows are highly time dependent; H i covering fractions are also time variable but less so because they represent averages over large areas.
HYPERBOLIC COMPLETE MINIMAL SURFACES WITH ARBITRARY TOPOLOGY

We show a method to construct orientable minimal surfaces in Et3 with arbitrary topology. This procedure giares complete examples of two different kinds: surfaces whose Gauss map omits four points of the sphere and surfaces with a bounded coordinate function. We also apply these ideas to construct stable minimal surfaces with high topology which are incomplete or complete with boundary.