Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) Scale: Dimensionality and Factor Structure.

The Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) scale is designed to measure teacher-self efficacy to teach in inclusive classrooms. The original study identified three scale factors: efficacy in using inclusive instruction (EII), efficacy in collaboration (EC), and efficacy in managing behavior (EMB) (Sharma et al., 2012). The purpose of our study was to examine the TEIP scale for dimensionality and to cross-validate its factor structure for pre-service teachers in the context of early childhood education. A bifactor model fit to the data revealed that the TEIP scale is essentially unidimensional, that is, there is one dominant latent factor and the originally found three scale factors (EII, EC, and EMB) represent specific aspects of the general factor of teacher self-efficacy to teach in inclusive classrooms. Along with providing validation evidence, these findings have important implications for the scoring on the TEIP scale using classical test analysis or unidimensional item response theory models.
A Possible X-Ray and Radio Counterpart of the High-Energy Gamma-Ray Source 3EG J2227+6122

The identity of the persistent EGRET sources in the Galactic plane is largely a mystery. For one of these, 3EG J2227+6122, our complete census of X-ray and radio sources in its error circle reveals a remarkable superposition of an incomplete radio shell with a flat radio spectrum and a compact, power-law X-ray source with photon index Γ = 1.5 and with no obvious optical counterpart. The radio shell is polarized at a level of ≃25%. The anomalous properties of the radio source prevent us from deriving a completely satisfactory theory as to its nature. Nevertheless, using data from ROSAT, ASCA, the VLA, and optical imaging and spectroscopy, we argue that the X-ray source may be a young pulsar with an associated wind-blown bubble or bow-shock nebula and an example of the class of radio-quiet pulsars that are hypothesized to comprise the majority of EGRET sources in the Galaxy. The distance to this source can be estimated from its X-ray absorption as 3 kpc. At this distance, the X-ray and γ-ray luminosities would be ≈1.7 × 1033 and ≈3.7 × 1035 ergs s-1, respectively, which would require an energetic pulsar to power them. If, on the contrary, this X-ray source is not the counterpart of 3EG J2227+6122, then by process of elimination the X-ray luminosity of the latter must be less than 10-4 of its γ-ray luminosity, a condition not satisfied by any established class of γ-ray source counterpart. This would require the existence of at least a quantitatively new type of EGRET source, as has been suggested in studies of other EGRET fields.
The Accuracy of Principals' Judgments of Teacher Performance

AbstractThis is a study of the accuracy of principals’ judgments of teacher performance as predictors of teacher effectiveness. For each of 46 elementary school principals, correlations were obtained between judgments of effectiveness of teachers in three roles and gains of students in their classes in arithmetic and reading. The mean accuracy of judgments of teacher effectiveness in helping students acquire fundamental knowledge was . 20, and there were no significant differences in the accuracy of judgments made by different principals. There was evidence the judgments of teachers of grades 3 and 5 were more accurate than judgments of teachers of grades 2, 4, and 6. Possible explanations of the low accuracy of the judgments are discussed.
Shared practice learning: Social work and district nurse students learning together

The importance of developing opportunities for shared learning between social workers and other professional groups has been emphasised in recent government publications. However, much of the research evidence concerning the impact of shared learning concentrates on the taught elements of programmes rather than the practice experience. This paper examines the findings that have emerged from the Shared Practice Learning project, which focused on the experiences of social work and district nurse students who were placed alongside each other during their practice placements. It identifies the educational benefits to have emerged from the project, notably the broadening of the perspectives of the students involved. The paper also examines the practical and organisational difficulties that stand in the way of more formalised shared practice learning arrangements. It is argued that while there are clear educational gains from a more systematic development of shared practice learning--and that these would apply to a range of professions connected to social work--the complexity of organisational arrangements may serve to render such developments impractical.
Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer.

BACKGROUND We present the combined results of two trials that compared adjuvant chemotherapy with or without concurrent trastuzumab in women with surgically removed HER2-positive breast cancer. METHODS The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project trial B-31 compared doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel every 3 weeks (group 1) with the same regimen plus 52 weeks of trastuzumab beginning with the first dose of paclitaxel (group 2). The North Central Cancer Treatment Group trial N9831 compared three regimens: doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by weekly paclitaxel (group A), the same regimen followed by 52 weeks of trastuzumab after paclitaxel (group B), and the same regimen plus 52 weeks of trastuzumab initiated concomitantly with paclitaxel (group C). The studies were amended to include a joint analysis comparing groups 1 and A (the control group) with groups 2 and C (the trastuzumab group). Group B was excluded because trastuzumab was not given concurrently with paclitaxel. RESULTS By March 15, 2005, 394 events (recurrent, second primary cancer, or death before recurrence) had been reported, triggering the first scheduled interim analysis. Of these, 133 were in the trastuzumab group and 261 in the control group (hazard ratio, 0.48; P<0.0001). This result crossed the early stopping boundary. The absolute difference in disease-free survival between the trastuzumab group and the control group was 12 percent at three years. Trastuzumab therapy was associated with a 33 percent reduction in the risk of death (P=0.015). The three-year cumulative incidence of class III or IV congestive heart failure or death from cardiac causes in the trastuzumab group was 4.1 percent in trial B-31 and 2.9 percent in trial N9831. CONCLUSIONS Trastuzumab combined with paclitaxel after doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide improves outcomes among women with surgically removed HER2-positive breast cancer. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00004067 and NCT00005970.)
Demonstration of adrenergic receptor function and innervation in the ductus arteriosus of the human fetus.

Adrenergic receptor function in the human ductus arteriosus has been demonstrated by in vitro perfusion and spiral strip experiments and correlated with the finding of specific adrenergic nerve fibers in the smooth muscle layer of the media by histochemical fluorescence technique. The results support the possible role of an adrenergic mechanism involved in the closure of the ductus in neonates.
A review of beat-to-beat vectorcardiographic (VCG) parameters for analyzing repolarization variability in ECG signals

Abstract Elevated ventricular repolarization lability is believed to be linked to the risk of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation. However, ventricular repolarization is a complex electrical phenomenon, and abnormalities in ventricular repolarization are not completely understood. To evaluate repolarization lability, vectorcardiography (VCG) is an alternative approach where the electrocardiographic (ECG) signal can be considered as possessing both magnitude and direction. Recent research has shown that VCG is advantageous over ECG signal analysis for identification of repolarization abnormality. One of the key reasons is that the VCG approach does not rely on exact identification of the T-wave offset, which improves the reproducibility of the VCG technique. However, beat-to-beat variability in VCG is an emerging area for the investigation of repolarization abnormality though not yet fully realized. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to explore the techniques, findings, and efficacy of beat-to-beat VCG parameters for analyzing repolarization lability, which may have potential utility for further study.
Preparation and properties of polypropylene-carbon nanotubes nanocomposites for application in bipolar plates

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have the potential to play a major role as energy sources for transportation and portable applications because they feature high power density at relatively low operating temperatures. Bipolar plates are a key component of PEMFCs in terms of cost and weight. To date, many different materials for bipolar plates have been investigated and an alternative solution consists in carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-filled polymer nanocomposites which combine the good processability, high corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties of polymers with the excellent electrical and other functional properties of the CNTs. However, a preferential distribution of well dispersed CNTs forming conductive 3D networks is required to successfully exploit their potential. In this work, polypropylene (PP)-multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) nanocomposites have been prepared by melt-blending using different loadings (1, 2 and 5 wt.%) of MWCNTs and processing conditions. The microstructure and properties of these nanocomposites have been characterized on molded plates of 1.5 mm thickness. The state of dispersion of the MWCNTs in the polymer matrix is investigated by SEM and optical confocal microscopy and the electrical properties of the nanocomposites are measured in order to find the electrical percolation threshold.
Bed‐sharing practices of initially breastfed infants in the first 6 months of life

This paper explores the manner in which bed-sharing is practised by breastfeeding infants in the UK, and examines how alternate definitions and interpretations of breastfeeding and bed-sharing can lead to confusion in understanding what bed-sharing entails. Longitudinal studies on parent–infant bed-sharing practices are scarce, but are vital to our understanding of normative bed-sharing behaviour. We present data from a longitudinal study of sleeping and feeding practices in England involving 97 initially breastfed infants from birth to 6 months of age whose behaviour was monitored weekly for a 6-month period. Results demonstrate that bed-sharing practices covary with breastfeeding practices, and that a single model of bed-sharing behaviour does not adequately reflect the experience of all infants. Our findings have ramifications for the way in which case–control studies attempt to ‘measure’ bed-sharing, and our understanding and interpretation of bed-sharing risk factors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring Individual and Organizational Factors Contributing to Compassion Satisfaction, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Burnout in Domestic Violence Service Providers

Research on workplace wellness often neglects the role of organizational factors in preventing negative effects and promoting positive outcomes for service providers. Using a person–environment fit model, which highlights compatibility between an individual worker’s characteristics and his or her work environment, we examine key risk and protective factors that might contribute to the well-being of domestic violence services providers. Service providers working in domestic violence agencies completed a Web-based survey measuring their perceptions of organizational factors (e.g., workload, control, reward, community, fairness, organizational values) and outcome variables of provider burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction. Individual–organizational mismatch emerges as a significant risk factor for burnout and secondary traumatic stress, both of which are negative outcomes associated with less manageable workloads. Secondary traumatic stress is also associated with providers’ feelings of having little control over their work and spending more time in leisure, which might be in response to symptoms. Compassion satisfaction is positively associated with higher levels of work experience in domestic violence services and with providers who share the values of their organization. Organizational interventions that protect workers and promote these distinct dimensions of worker wellness can yield vital benefits associated with a healthy workforce.
The auditing facility for a VMM security kernel

The VAX security kernel, a prototype security kernel implemented as a virtual machine monitor (VMM) for the VAX architecture, is capable of emulating one or more virtual machines (VMs) on a single physical machine allowing multiple copies of virtual machine operating systems to execute concurrently. The system supports both VMS and ULTRIX as virtual machine operating systems. A fundamental component of any security kernel is the ability to produce an audit trial of security relevant events. While there are numerous examples of auditing subsystems at the DoD Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC) C2 or B1 level, there is much less experience with the requirements at the B2 level and above. The design and implementation of the VAX security kernel auditing facility, built to satisfy the requirements at the A1 level, are described. <<ETX>>
Interactive problem solving via algorithm visualization

COMIND is a tool for conceptual design of industrial products. It helps designers define and evaluate the initial design space by using search algorithms to generate sets of feasible solutions. Two algorithm visualization techniques, Kaleidoscope and Lattice, and one visualization of n-dimensional data, MAP, are used to externalize the machine's problem solving strategies and the tradeoffs as a result of using these strategies. After a short training period, users are able to discover tactics to explore design space effectively, evaluate new design solutions, and learn important relationships among design criteria, search speed and solution quality. We thus propose that visualization can serve as a tool for interactive intelligence, ie. , human-machine collaboration for solving complex problems.
Intellectual efficiency in manic‐depressive patients treated with lithium

A longitudinal study of 21 non‐hospitalized manic‐depressive subjects treated with lithium was carried out over a 3‐year period: year 1 (Y1), year 2 (Y2), year 3 (Y3). A control group C of 21 subjects matched for age, sex and educational level was compared to Y1, Y2 and Y3 using the Cattell Intelligence Scale, the immediate memory recall test of numbers, the Code Test (WAIS), the 15‐Word Test and the Benton Visual Retention Test. The vocabulary test of Binois and Pichot was first applied to C and Y1 to test the homogeneity of intellectual level between these two groups.
Effect of water treatment on the apatite-forming ability of NaOH-treated titanium metal.

NaOH and heat treatments of titanium metal induce an apatite-forming ability on the metal by producing a bioactive graded sodium titanate structure on its surface. An enhancement of the apatite-forming ability of titanium metal induced by the NaOH treatment was attempted by conjoining the water and heat treatments. These treatments are assumed to convert the sodium titanate into anatase, which is presumed to be more effective for apatite nucleation. The sodium titanate gel on the metal formed from the NaOH treatment was shown to transform into anatase by a simple immersion in pure water, with subsequent heat treatments. Forming anatase on the metal significantly improved the apatite-forming ability of the metal in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The apatite-forming ability correlated directly with the amount of anatase on the metal. It is therefore expected that bioactive titanium metal and its alloys with a higher bone-bonding ability can be obtained with the use of the water and subsequent heat treatments after the NaOH treatment.
Ethyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-3-(4-phenyl-1,2,3-selenadiazol-5-yl)propanoate

In the title compound, C25H21ClN2O2Se, the selenadiazole ring is almost planar [maximum deviation = 0.004 (2) Å], and the adjacent benzene ring is twisted by 50.6 (1)° with respect to this ring.
Containment and Integrity Constraints for XPath

XPath is a W3C standard that plays a crucial role in several influential query, transformation, and schema standards for XML. Motivated by the larger challenge of XML query optimization, we investigate the problem of containment of XPath expressions under integrity constraints that are in turn formulated with the help of XPath expressions. Our core formalism consists of a fragment of XPath that we call simple and a corresponding class of integrity constraints that we call simple XPath integrity constraints (SXIC). SXIC's can express many database-style constraints, including key and foreign key constraints specified in the XML Schema standard proposal, as well as many constraints implied by DTDs. We identify a subclass of bounded SXIC's under which containment of simple XPath expressions is decidable, but we show that even modest use of unbounded SXIC's makes the problem undecidable. In particular, the addition of (unbounded) constraints implied by DTDs leads to undecidability. We give tight Πp2 bounds for the simple XPath containment problem and tight NP bounds for the disjunction-free subfragment, while even identifying a PTIME subcase. We also show that decidability of containment under SXIC's still holds if the expressions contain certain additional features (e.g., wildcard) although the complexity jumps to Πp2 even for the disjunction-free subfragment. We know that our results can be extended to some but not all of the XPath features that depend on document order. The decidability of containment of simple XPath expressions in the presence of DTDs only remains open (although we can show that the problem is PSPACE-hard) as well as the problem for full-fledged XPath expressions, even in the absence of integrity constraints.
Adaptation of beta-cell mass to substrate oversupply: enhanced function with normal gene expression.

Although type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with insulin resistance, many individuals compensate by increasing insulin secretion. Putative mechanisms underlying this compensation were assessed in the present study by use of 4-day glucose (GLC; 35% Glc, 2 ml/h) and lipid (LIH; 10% Intralipid + 20 U/ml heparin; 2 ml/h) infusions to rats. Within 2 days of beginning the infusion of either lipid or glucose, plasma glucose profiles were normalized (relative to saline-infused control rats; SAL; 0.45% 2 ml/h). During glucose infusion, plasma glucose was maintained in the normal range by an approximately twofold increase in plasma insulin and an approximately 80% increase in beta-cell mass. During LIH infusion, glucose profiles were also maintained in the normal range. Plasma insulin responses during feeding were doubled, and beta-cell mass increased 54%. For both groups, the increase in beta-cell mass was associated with increased beta-cell proliferation (98% increase during GLC and 125% increase during LIH). At the end of the 4-day infusions, no significant changes were observed in islet-specific gene transcription (i.e., the expression of islet hormone genes, glucose metabolism genes, and insulin transcription factors were unaffected). Two days after termination of the infusions, the glucose-stimulated plasma insulin response was increased approximately 67% in glucose-infused animals. No sustained effect on insulin secretory capacity was observed in the LIH animals. The increase in plasma insulin response after glucose infusion was achieved in the absence of any change in insulin clearance. We conclude that, in rats, an increase in insulin demand after an increase in glucose appearance or free fatty acid leads to an increase in beta-cell mass, mediated in part by an increase in beta-cell proliferation, and that these compensatory changes lead to increased insulin secretion, normal plasma glucose levels, and the maintenance of normal islet gene expression.
Skipped Generation Families: Sources of Psychological Distress Among Grandmothers of Grandchildren Who Live in Homes Where Neither Parent Is Present

Abstract Today, more than at any period in U.S. history, more grandparents are raising their grandchildren. In many instances, the biological parents are absent from these grandparent-headed households for a variety of reasons. Although grandfathers and grandmothers both serve in the role of surrogate parents, grandparent caregiving can be seen as a “women's issue” when examined from the broader sociological context of gender. Using data from the National Survey of America's Families, this study examined factors associated with the frequency of feelings of psychosocial distress among grandmother caregivers of grandchildren in skipped generation families. Multivariate regression models indicate that for these grandmothers, being Black and living in the Midwest, having a family income below the poverty level, having Medicaid or SCHIP coverage, not receiving Welfare payments for childcare, and having a usual place for health care were all associated with more frequent feelings of psychosocial distress. On the other hand, being married, receiving social services help with childcare, grandmother's perception of less parenting burden, and living below poverty in the Midwest were associated with less frequent feelings of psychosocial distress.
La nouvelle question sociale

A l'heure ou le XXI e siecle s'ouvre sous le signe de grandes transformations du capitalisme, marquees par un retour en force des mecanismes d'accumulation privee, aux points de rencontres de la mondialisation, nos societes ne peuvent ignorer les conditions de l'acces au capital et au savoir. Elles ne peuvent donc ignorer les inegalites, d'ou la necessite de repenser le lien social dans sa triple dimension : organisation du travail ; systeme de negociation collective ; institutions de regulation nationales, continentales ou internationales. Apres avoir expose les grandes mutations historiques des formes du travail et de l'emploi industriel, l'A. rappelle les trois grands modeles de regulation sociales existant dans les pays developpes : liberal anglo-saxon ; social-democrate a la scandinave ; corporatiste a l'allemande. Il met particulierement en evidence les faiblesses des systemes liberaux et corporatistes, et notamment l'affaiblissement des corps intermediaires. Refutant l'ideologie de la fin du travail, l'A. plaide pour un retour, notamment en France et en Allemagne, a un plein emploi vraiment universel, sans distinction de sexe, de statut ou de generation, et elargi a un espace social europeen