Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of the arc plasma parameters on the weld pool profile in TIG welding

Magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of the arc and fluid simulations of the weld pool can be beneficial in the analysis and further development of arc welding processes and welding machines. However, the appropriate coupling of arc and weld pool simulations needs further improvement. The tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process is investigated by simulations including the weld pool. Experiments with optical diagnostics are used for the validation. A coupled computational model of the arc and the weld pool is developed using the software ANSYS CFX. The weld pool model considers the forces acting on the motion of the melt inside and on the surface of the pool, such as Marangoni, drag, electromagnetic forces and buoyancy. The experimental work includes analysis of cross-sections of the workpieces, highspeed video images and spectroscopic measurements. Experiments and calculations have been performed for various currents, distances between electrode and workpiece and nozzle diameters. The studies show the significant impact of material properties like surface tension dependence on temperature as well as of the arc structure on the weld pool behaviour and finally the weld seam depth. The experimental weld pool profiles and plasma temperatures are in good agreement with computational results.
Facial and vocal attractiveness: a developmental and cross-modality study

Research on physical attraction is often interpreted with reference to the theory that physical attraction enables adaptive mate choice behaviour. The sensation of physical attraction is thought to enable humans to select those mates who are most likely to help them bear the fittest offspring. The sexual behaviour associated with mate choice emerges at puberty, and so the present study investigated whether adult-like judgments of facial and vocal attractiveness arise at puberty. It found that children and adolescents differ from adults in their judgments of attractive faces and voices, and that pitch of voice cues different responses in the different age groups. It also found co-variance in the attractiveness of male faces and voices, suggesting that the modalities of face and voice are providing concordant signals as to mate quality.
Comparison of levalbuterol and racemic albuterol based on cardiac adverse effects in children.

OBJECTIVE To compare the cardiac effects of levalbuterol with those of racemic albuterol based on changes in heart rate (HR) in pediatric patients. METHODS The medical records of hospitalized children ages 1 month to 12 years, who received either levalbuterol or racemic albuterol via nebulizer for 3 consecutive doses between January 2006 and December 2008 were reviewed. The documented HR was collected prior to and after each administered dose of bronchodilator. The primary outcome was the largest percentage of change in HR between groups. Secondary outcomes of comparisons of the number of patients who had more than a 10% change in HR and incidence of tachycardia were included. RESULTS A total of 50 patients, 25 in each group, was included in the study. All patients in the racemic albuterol group received 2.5 mg per dose, while most of the patients in the levalbuterol group received 0.63 mg per dose (19 patients, 76%). Only 6 levalbuterol patients received a dose of 1.25 mg. Nineteen of 25 patients (76%) in the levalbuterol group were tachycardic prior to the first recorded dose compared to 15 patients (60%) in the racemic albuterol group (p = 0.36). The median of the largest percentage of change in HR was 4.1% (interquartile range [IQR], 1.8-8.7) in the levalbuterol group compared to 5% (IQR, 1.9-7.8) in the racemic albuterol group (p = 0.763). Four patients in the levalbuterol group experienced an HR increase of more than 10% compared to 5 patients in the racemic albuterol group (p = 1.0). CONCLUSION Levalbuterol and racemic albuterol bronchodilator therapies produced similar effects on HR. No clinically significant differences were detected in HR changes between the two treatment groups, despite administration of a larger equipotent albuterol dose in the racemic albuterol group than in the levalbuterol group.
Protamine Induces Elevation of Cytosolic Free Ca2+ in Cultured Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells

To test the hypothesis that protamine influences calcium movement in endothelial cells, we measured the concentration of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in cultured porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cells in Krebs solution (2‐5mM Ca2+, pH7.4) at 37°C, by fura‐2 fluorimetry.
Energy savings scheme in radio access networks via compressive sensing‐based traffic load prediction

In radio access networks, the base stations’ (BSs) power consumption does not merely depend on the traffic loads within its coverage. The auxiliary devices, especially the cooling system in BSs, contribute to significant energy exhaustion. As the traffic loads fluctuate spatially and temporally, the BSs consequently suffer from heavy energy wastage when the traffic loads of their coverage are low. In this paper, an energy saving scheme over predicted traffic loads is proposed to tackle this energy inefficiency problem in incumbent radio access networks induced by the fluctuations of traffic loads. The proposed scheme firstly takes advantage of the spatial–temporal pattern of traffic loads and employs the compressive sensing method to predict the future traffic loads. Then, a grid‐based energy saving scheme is developed to improve the energy efficiency through turning some BSs into sleeping mode while ensuring the quality of experience. Results of the simulation with real traffic load statistics finally validate the accuracy of the traffic load prediction and large improvement of energy efficiency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methylation of Twelve CpGs in Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV16) as an Informative Biomarker for the Triage of Women Positive for HPV16 Infection

An accurate biomarker for the follow-up of women positive for human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) DNA may improve the efficiency of cervical cancer prevention. Previously, we analyzed all 113 HPV16 CpGs in cervical cytology samples and discovered differential methylation at different stages of premalignancy. In the current study, we identified a methylation biomarker consisting of a panel of 12 HPV16 CpG sites in the E5, L2, and L1 open reading frames, and tested whether it fulfilled three necessary conditions of a prospective biomarker. A total of 33 cytology samples from North American and West African women with all grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) were analyzed by using DNA bisulfite sequencing. The results showed (i) a highly significant trend for increasing HPV16 biomarker methylation with increasing histologic severity (P < 0.0001), (ii) 100% sensitivity for ICC over a wide range of methylation cutoff scores; 80% detection of CIN3 at cutoff scores up to 39% methylation, and (iii) substantially lower detection of CIN2, from 0% to 71%, depending on the cutoff score. Our results support the prognostic potential of the HPV16 methylation biomarker for the triage to colposcopy of women with HPV16-positive screening tests and, eventually, for the management of women with HPV16-positive CIN2. Cancer Prev Res; 7(5); 526–33. ©2014 AACR.
Genomic Correlates of Virulence Attenuation in the Deadly Amphibian Chytrid Fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Emerging infectious diseasespose a significant threat to global health, but predicting disease outcomes for particular species can be complicated when pathogen virulence varies across space, time, or hosts. The pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has caused worldwide declines in frog populations. Not only do Bd isolates from wild populations vary in virulence, but virulence shifts can occur over short timescales when Bd is maintained in the laboratory. We leveraged changes in Bd virulence over multiple generations of passage to better understand mechanisms of pathogen virulence. We conducted whole-genome resequencing of two samples of the same Bd isolate, differing only in passage history, to identify genomic processes associated with virulence attenuation. The isolate with shorter passage history (and greater virulence) had greater chromosome copy numbers than the isolate maintained in culture for longer, suggesting that virulence attenuation may be associated with loss of chromosome copies. Our results suggest that genomic processes proposed as mechanisms for rapid evolution in Bd are correlated with virulence attenuation in laboratory culture within a single lineage of Bd. Moreover, these genomic processes can occur over extremely short timescales. On a practical level, our results underscore the importance of immediately cryo-archiving new Bd isolates and using fresh isolates, rather than samples cultured in the laboratory for long periods, for laboratory infection experiments. Finally, when attempting to predict disease outcomes for this ecologically important pathogen, it is critical to consider existing variation in virulence among isolates and the potential for shifts in virulence over short timescales.
New Lives Given by Cell Death: Macrophage Differentiation Following Their Encounter with Apoptotic Leukocytes during the Resolution of Inflammation

Monocytes that migrate into tissues during inflammatory episodes and differentiate to macrophages were previously classified as classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated macrophages, based on their exposure to different fate-determining mediators. These macrophage subsets display distinct molecular markers and differential functions. At the same time, studies from recent years found that the encounter of apoptotic leukocytes with macrophages leads to the clearance of this cellular “debris” by the macrophages, while concomitantly reprogramming/immune-silencing the macrophages. While some of the features of M2 differentiation, such as arginase-1 (murine) and 15-lipoxygenases (human and murine) expression, were also displayed by macrophages following the engulfment of apoptotic cells, it was not clear whether apoptotic cells can be regarded as an M2-like differentiating signal. In this manuscript we review the recent information regarding the impact of apoptotic cells on macrophage phenotype changes in molecular terms. We will focus on recent evidence for the in vivo existence of distinct pro-resolving macrophages and the role of apoptotic cells, specialized lipid mediators, and glucocorticoids in their generation. Consequently, we will suggest that these pro-resolving CD11blow macrophages have metamorphed from M2-like macrophages, and modulated their protein profile to accommodate the changes in their function.
Computing Semantic Relatedness using Wikipedia Link Structure

This paper describes a new technique for obtaining measures of semantic relatedness. Like other recent approaches, it uses Wikipedia to provide a vast amount of structured world knowledge about the terms of interest. Our system, the Wikipedia Link Vector Model or WLVM, is unique in that it does so using only the hyperlink structure of Wikipedia rather than its full textual content. To evaluate the algorithm we use a large, widely used test set of manually defined measures of semantic relatedness as our bench-mark. This allows direct comparison of our system with other similar techniques.
An Inductorless DC–DC Converter for Energy Harvesting With a 1.2-$ \mu\hbox{W}$ Bandgap-Referenced Output Controller

We present a fully integrated dc-dc converter for micropower energy harvesting. A 1.2- μW bandgap-referenced output controller provides output regulation at 1.4 V, achieving quiescent power of 3 μW and a maximum overall efficiency of 58% at 11 μW output power. A modified four-phase charge pump provides a 3× voltage boost and a minimum input voltage of 270 mV in free-running mode. Using dual switches driven from both the converter input and output, the chip achieves boost without external excitation or external components.
Big Data, Big Questions| Advertising, Big Data and the Clearance of the Public Realm: Marketers' New Approaches to the Content Subsidy

This article addresses implications for democracy of two interconnected developments involving big data and the media. One is the targeting of consumers for advertising by marketers and the new data-capture industry that supports them. The other involves the transformation of advertisers’ approach to subsidizing media content production. We describe these developments and consider their consequences for democratic life, drawing on classical and recent democratic theory (Paine, Dahl, Mouffe, Rosanvallon). We conclude that big data’s embedding in personalized marketing and content production threatens the ecology of connections that link citizens and groups via information, argumentation, empathy, and celebration as members of a shared social and civic space. Unless challenged, these developments risk eliminating the connective media necessary for an effective democracy.
[Comparison of properties of Mahuang decoction and Maxing Shigan decoction based on biothermodynamics].

OBJECTIVE To probe into the objectivity and authenticity of four properties beteen Mahuang decoction and Maxing Shigan decoction from biothermodynamics. METHOD The power-time curves of growth of Staphylococcus aureus at different concentrations between Mahuang decoction and Maxing Shigan decoction were determined by TAM Air Isothermal Calorimeter. The growth rate constants of promotive and inhibitory actions were calculated. Moreover, the difference of properties beteen Mahuang decoction and Maxing Shigan decoction was analyzed from the point of view of TCM theory. RESULT Both the Mahuang decoction and Maxing Shigan decoction could inhibit the growth and metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus. The k and Pm were decreased with the mass increase of the decoction. However, inhibitory activity of Mahuang decoction with warm property was weaker than that of Maxing Shigan decoction with cool property. Moreover, Mahuang decoction decreased heat output in growth metabolism more weakly than Maxing Shigan decoction. There was a stable difference between them. CONCLUSION Studying on biothermodynamics can show the difference of four properties of Traditional Chinese Medicine. So, it provides a new and useful means for the study of the properties of traditional Chinese medicine.
Nuclear factor kappa B is required for the production of infectious human herpesvirus 8 virions

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection leads to potent activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in primary and transformed cells. We used recombinant HHV8 (rKSHV.219) expressing green fluorescent protein under the constitutive cellular promoter elongation factor 2α and red fluorescent protein under an early HHV8 lytic gene promoter T1.1 to monitor replication during infection of human foreskin fibroblasts (HF), noting changes in NFκB activity. In primary HF, NFκB levels do not affect the ability of HHV8 to establish infection or maintain latency. Furthermore, there was no effect on the percent of cells undergoing reactivation from latency, and there were similar numbers of released and cell-associated HHV8 viral particles following reactivation in the presence of inhibitors. Reactivation of HHV8 in latently infected HF in the presence of NFκB inhibitors resulted in production of viral particles that did not efficiently establish infection, due to deficiencies in binding and/or entry into normally permissive cells. Exogenous expression of glycoprotein M, an envelope protein involved in viral binding and entry, was able to partially overcome the deficiency induced by NFκB inhibitors. Our data indicate that in primary cells, NFκB is not required for infection, establishment of latency, or entry into the lytic cycle, but is required for the expression of virion associated genes involved in the initial steps of virion infectivity. These studies suggest that strategies to inhibit NFκB may prevent HHV8 spread and should be considered as a potential therapeutic target for preventing HHV8 associated diseases.
Auditory guidance with the Navbelt-a computerized travel aid for the blind

A blind traveler walking through an unfamiliar environment and a mobile robot navigating through a cluttered environment have an important feature in common: both have the kinematic ability to perform the motion, but they are dependent on a sensory system to detect and avoid obstacles. The paper describes the use of a mobile robot obstacle avoidance system as a guidance device for blind and visually impaired people. Just as electronic signals are sent to a mobile robot's motion controllers, auditory signals can guide the blind traveler around obstacles, or alternatively, they can provide an "acoustic image" of the surroundings. The concept has been implemented and tested in a new travel aid for the blind, called the Navbelt. The Navbelt introduces two new concepts to electronic travel aids (ETA's) for the blind: it provides information not only about obstacles along the traveled path, but also assists the user in selecting the preferred travel path. In addition, the level of assistance can be automatically adjusted according to changes in the environment and the user's needs and capabilities. Experimental results conducted with the Navbelt simulator and a portable experimental prototype are presented.
Changes in activity of the striatum during formation of a motor habit

To examine experience‐dependent plasticity of striatal neurons during habit learning in awake, freely moving animals, single neurons in the dorsolateral striatum (54 neurons related specifically to vertical head movement and 14 unresponsive neurons, i.e. not related to any body movement) were recorded and tracked off‐line to assess changes in firing rate over sessions as performance of instrumental head movement became automatic and habitual. Rats were trained to emit operant vertical head movements that triggered water delivery for 14 sessions (2 h per session, one session per day). Rats significantly increased the number and efficiency of head movements over sessions until reaching asymptotic behaviour. Habit formation was indicated by significantly higher levels of instrumental responding exhibited by rats during a late, relative to an early, session in which the reward was devalued. As head movements became habitual across sessions, most head movement‐related neurons (89%) exhibited decreased firing rate, while a small population (11%) exhibited increased or maintained firing rate. The rate of decrease in firing by the majority correlated with the rate of improvement in movement efficiency over sessions. All unresponsive neurons, though not apparently related to movement, exhibited decreased firing rate over sessions. Our findings suggest that, during habit learning, the striatum may shift from facilitating acquisition of efficient movement with a large population of neurons to modulating or maintaining habitual movement with stronger firing of fewer movement‐related neurons.
Lower Bounds for Dynamic Algebraic Problems

We consider dynamic evaluation of algebraic functions (matrix multiplication, determinant, convolution, Fourier transform, etc.) in the model of Reif and Tate; i.e., if f (x1,., xn)= (y1, ., ym) is an algebraic problem, we consider serving online requests of the form "change input xi to value v" or "what is the value of output yi? " We present techniques for showing lower bounds on the worst case time complexity per operation for such problems. The first gives lower bounds in a wide range of rather powerful models (for instance, history dependent algebraic computation trees over any infinite subset of a field, the integer RAM, and the generalized real RAM model of Ben-Amram and Galil). Using this technique, we show optimal Ω(n) bounds for dynamic matrix-vector product, dynamic matrix multiplication, and dynamic discriminant and an Ω(√n) lower bound for dynamic polynomial multiplication (convolution), providing a good match with Reif and Tate's O(√nlogn) upper bound. We also show linear lower bounds for dynamic determinant, matrix adjoint, and matrix inverse and an Ω(√n) lower bound for the elementary symmetric functions. The second technique is the communication complexity technique of Miltersen, Nisan, Safra, and Wigderson which we apply to the setting of dynamic algebraic problems, obtaining similar lower bounds in the word RAM model. The third technique gives lower bounds in the weaker straight line program model. Using this technique, we show an Ω((log n)2/log log n) lower bound for dynamic discrete Fourier transform. Technical ingredients of our techniques are the incompressibility technique of Ben-Amram and Galil and the lower bound for depth-two superconcentrators of Radhakrishnan and Ta-Shma. The incompressibility technique is extended to arithmetic computation in arbitrary fields. 2001 Elsevier Science
MKNN: Modified K-Nearest Neighbor

In this paper, a new classification method for enhancing the performance of K-Nearest Neighbor is proposed which uses robust neighbors in training data. This new classification method is called Modified K-Nearest Neighbor, MKNN. Inspired the traditional KNN algorithm, the main idea is classifying the test samples according to their neighbor tags. This method is a kind of weighted KNN so that these weights are determined using a different procedure. The procedure computes the fraction of the same labeled neighbors to the total number of neighbors. The proposed method is evaluated on five different data sets. Experiments show the excellent improvement in accuracy in comparison with KNN method.
The SCUBA 8-mJy survey - I. Submillimetre maps, sources and number counts

We present maps, source lists and derived number counts from the largest, unbiased, extragalactic submillimetre (submm) survey so far undertaken with the SCUBA camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). Our maps are located in two regions of sky (ELAIS N2 and Lockman-Hole E) and cover 260arcmin2 , to a typical rms noise level of sigma 850 ~=2.5mJybeam-1 . We have reduced the data using both the standard JCMT surf procedures, and our own IDL -based pipeline which produces zero-footprint maps and noise images. The uncorrelated noise maps produced by the latter approach have enabled us to apply a maximum likelihood method to measure the statistical significance of each peak in our maps, leading to properly quantified errors on the flux density of all potential sources. We detect 19 sources with signal-to-noise ratios (S/N)>4, and 38 with S/N>3.5. To assess both the completeness of this survey and the impact of source confusion as a function of flux density, we have applied our source-extraction algorithm to a series of simulated images. The result is a new estimate of the submm source counts over the flux-density range S 850 ~=5-15mJy, which we compare with estimates derived by other workers, and with the predictions of a number of models. Our best estimate of the cumulative source count at S 850 >8mJy is per square degree. Assuming that the majority of sources lie at z >1.5, this result implies that the comoving number density of high-redshift galaxies forming stars at a rate in excess of 1000Msolar yr-1 is ~=10-5 Mpc-3 , with only a weak dependence on the precise redshift distribution. This number density corresponds to the number density of massive ellipticals with L >3-4L * in the present-day Universe , and is also the same as the comoving number density of comparably massive, passively evolving objects in the redshift band 1<z <2 inferred from recent surveys of extremely red objects. Thus the bright submm sources uncovered by this survey can plausibly account for the formation of all present-day massive ellipticals. Improved redshift constraints, and ultimately an improved measure of submm source clustering can refine or refute this picture.