Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The housing preferences and location choices of second-generation South Asians living in ethnic enclaves

Canada has experienced the development of suburban ethnic enclaves by established immigrant diaspora groups surrounding major metropolitan centres. However, less is known regarding the housing and location preferences of their maturing offspring population, known as the second-generation. This paper seeks to explain the housing preferences and location choices of second-generation South Asians residing in Brampton's ethnic enclaves, a suburban city on the periphery of Toronto. This research draws on the home leaving process and integrates the theoretical perspectives of ethnic enclaves and the life cycle. A telephone survey conducted in Brampton's ethnic enclaves suggests a dominant preference of low-density, detached-style dwellings in suburban areas. The life cycle perspective has proven to be a powerful explanatory tool during the household-formation phase, but does not appear to be valuable during the independent-living stage, since ethnic enclave residency seems to persist. The importance of familial ties in the South-Asian culture, the growth of ethnic enclaves, traditional ideas of socioeconomic success and life cycle values during family-formation shape preferences for second-generation South-Asian-Canadians.
Brief Report : Morality in the Autistic Child

The suggestion that children with autism are unresponsive to the socioaffective cues of those around them, that they lack empathy, is an old and widespread idea (e.g. Frith, 1989; Gillberg, 1992; Kanner, 1943). According to Kanner's (1943) description, people "figured in about the same manner as did the desk, the bookshelf, or the filing cabinet. " Sigman, Kasari, Kwon, and Yirmiya (1992) found that autistic children were behaviorally unresponsive to adults showing distress, fear, and discomfort in seminaturalistic settings. However, children with autism may not be so unresponsive to the socioaffective cues of those around them. Wing and Gould (1979) reported that the social impairment of children with autism need not manifest itself in the avoidance of social contact as Kanner (1943) described. They noted that some children with autism were merely passive or even actively sociable in a peculiar fashion. Also, Yirmiya, Sigman, Kasari, and Mundy (1992) found that while autistic children were mildly impaired relative to normally developing controls on the Feshbach and Powell Audiovisual Test for Empathy (Feshbach, 1982), they did perform "surprisingly well. "
Identity-Based Negative Priming: Individual Differences in Typical and Atypical Development

One means by which inhibitory control in selective attention may be studied is with the negative priming (NP) procedure. It is widely assumed that children are characterised by reduced capacity for inhibition (Diamond, 2002) and that inhibitory dysfunction is a key characteristic of children and adolescents with ADHD (Barkley, 1997). This should translate into reduced NP effects for these populations. In this dissertation, four studies using the NP procedure find no evidence for reduced inhibitory function in typical children or in adolescents with ADHD. Study 1 examined the magnitude of NP in children compared with adults. An important line of support for the idea that children suffer an inhibitory decrement has been based an empirical report suggesting that conceptual (identity or semantic) NP effects, assumed to reflect the by-product of distractor inhibition, while consistently found in adults are lacking in children (Tipper, Bourque, Anderson, & Brehaut, 1989). In Study 1, the opposite result was found. Study 2 compared NP effects between 7-year-old children and adults while replicating the respective methodologies of the only two studies to explore conceptual NP effects in developmental populations to date (Pritchard & Neumann, 2004, vs. Tipper et al., 1989) to determine the nature of the divergent results between these studies. In Study 2, it was found that distractor inhibition effects are comparable between children and adults when a NP task contains trials in which the distractor stimulus is consistently incongruent with the target stimulus, but that children may be more susceptible than adults to divide attention between target and distractor when a NP task contains a number of trials in which target selection difficulty is reduced. These are critical new findings, highlighting that reduced NP may often relate to methodological artifacts, and when considered in the light of current theories of NP, are also problematic for anti-inhibitory
On Algebraic Shift Equivalence of Matrices over Polynomial Rings

The paper studies algebraic strong shift equivalence of matrices over $n$-variable polynomial rings over a principal ideal domain $D$($n\leq 2$). It is proved that in the case $n=1$, every non-zero matrix over $D[x]$ has a full rank factorization and every non-nilpotent matrix over $D[x]$ is algebraically strong shift equivalent to a nonsingular matrix. In the case $n=2$, an example of non-nilpotent matrix over $\mathbb{R}[x,y,z]=\mathbb{R}[x][y,z]$, which can not be algebraically shift equivalent to a nonsingular matrix, is given.
Bringing International Organization In: Global Institutions as Adaptive Hybrids

How can an international organization be made adaptable? Having been designed to fulfil a specific mandate, international organizations should disappear from the world stage once . the initial conditions that led to their establishment no longer exist: their constituents (governments or activists) will not support them when their mandate becomes obsolete or their added value is reduced. Nonetheless, they survive external shocks, resource traps, and even the growing indifference of their founding fathers. The explanation lies in their successful resistance to constituents’ control; counter-intuitive adaptation to external change; unplanned expansion through mandate enlargement; and a snowballing albeit unintentional trend to build up networks. Overall, the relative success of international organizations can be measured as a global balance between performance and resilience, exploitation and exploration, autonomy and cooperation. To reach that balanced stage they must be altogether dualistic (coupling the technical with the political); adaptive (converting slack into innovation); organic and ambidextrous (setting new challenges while pursuing current activity). Since they combine components that come from local, national, regional and transnational recipes for survival and performance, they are complex hybrids made up of public agencies, private firms, third sector associations, and expert, activist, or lobbying interest groups.
Attitudes of Mothers and Fathers of Nonhandicapped Children

This study examines the attitudes of a group of parents of nonhandicapped children toward preschool mainstreaming, focusing on individual and demographic correlates of parent attitudes. Attitudes held by mothers and fathers were examined separately. Maternal attitudes were related to the positiveness (but not the overall amount) of their experiences with handicapped individuals, famiy income, education, age, and age of the nonhandicapped child. Only one significant correlation was found for fathers. Attitudes held by mothers and fathers were positively correlated. Preschoolers with severe mental retardation, emotional disturbance, or behavior problems elicited the most concern from parents relating to mainstreaming. Perceived benefits and drawbacks to mainstreaming are presented.
Effects of Day‐Care on Cognitive and Socioemotional Competence of Thirteen‐Year‐Old Swedish Schoolchildren

This is a follow-up study of an earlier one in which positive effects of early day-care experience were found on children's cognitive and socioemotional competence at age 8. 128 children were followed from their first year of life. At 8 and 13 years of age, 92% and 89% of the children, respectively, remained in the study. Most children could be classified according to age at first entry into day-care. Cognitive and socioemotional competence was rated by the children's classroom teachers. Hierarchical regression and path analyses were used in the statistical treatment of the data. It was possible to trace independent positive effects of age of entry into day-care as far as age 13. Children entering center care or family day-care before age 1 generally performed better in school when 8 and 13 years old and received more positive ratings from their teachers on several socioemotional variables. The path analyses indicated the following causal model: family characteristics, such as type of family, family's socioemotional status, and mother's educational level, influence the time of first entry into day-care. This variable, in turn, has consequences for children's competence at 8 and/or 13 years of age even after controlling for home background, child gender, and intelligence, which, of course, have their own effects. The effect of socioeconomic status was often mediated through age of entry into day-care.
Development of the Ethical and Legal Issues in Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale

The authors present the development of the Ethical and Legal Issues in Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (ELICSES). The purpose of this article is threefold: (a) present a rationale for the ELICSES, (b) review statistical analysis procedures used to develop the ELICSES, and (c) offer implications for future research and counselor education.
Elements of a Sociological Contribution to Happiness Studies

A significant body of social-science research on happiness has accrued in recent decades, produced mainly by economists and psychologists. Sociologists, however, have made more limited contributions to “happiness studies”. This paper provides an overview of concepts, methods and findings and suggests some questions about happiness that ought to be of substantial interest to sociology. Many sociologists are clearly interested in the well-being of the people they study (sometimes suggesting “policy implications” emerging from their empirical findings); happiness is a presumptively important form of well-being, and an engagement with happiness studies might constitute a way to develop more systematic connections between well-being and academic research. Building on existing findings, sociologists would be well-placed to consider the social context of happiness (as against an individualist orientation more common in other disciplines) as well as the unintended consequences of policy initiatives and happiness discourses.
Development and Effects of Finnish Press Subsidies

This article explores Finnish press subsidies during the second half of the twentieth century, tracing their development as a mechanism for supporting democratic principles. The article shows how subsidies have been provided, how the mechanisms of support changed during the period, and the effects of subsidies on the newspaper industry. The study shows that support rose significantly in the 1970s and 1980s but declined in the 1990s. Nevertheless, the cost of support in 2000 was 28 per cent higher than in 1970. The study reveals that despite €2.5 billion in support (at constant prices) between 1951 and 2000, only 6 per cent of the newspapers maintained political affiliations by the beginning of the twenty-first century and that state funds subsidised only 10 per cent of total newspaper circulation by 2000. The research revealed that papers representing dominant political parties have been the primary recipients of aid.
Pain, emotion, and the situational specificity of catastrophising

Two studies were designed to explore the cross-situational nature of catastrophising and the emotions associated with pain and catastrophising. The crosssituational consistency of catastrophising in response to a finger-pressure procedure and during an episode of headache pain was examined in the first study. The second study examined differences between catastrophisers and noncatastrophisers with respect to state and trait measures of positive and negative emotions. Results of study one indicated that almost half of the subjects remained consistent in their classification as catastrophiser or noncatastrophiser in both pain situations. The majority of subjects that switched classification changed from being classified as catastrophisers during the headache experience to noncatastrophisers during the finger-pressure procedure. Results of the second study indicated that catastrophisers experienced significantly greater fear, sadness, anger, hostility, guilt, disgust, and shame during the finger-pressure procedure as compared to noncatastrophisers. Unexpectedly, catastrophisers were not a homogeneous group in regard to the pattern of negative emotions reported. Catastrophisers with headaches experienced greater sadness in response to finger-pressure pain than catastrophisers without headaches. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Dissonance reduction in the context of group membership: The role of metaconsistency.

Recent work has established that groups can reduce dissonance by providing consonant cognitions, normative support, or an opportunity to diffuse responsibility for counterattitudinal behavior. Adopting a social identity framework, the current research comprised 2 studies examining metaconsistency, which was proposed to underlie these disparate explanations for the effect of social support. In Study 1 (N equals 121), participants performed a counterattitudinal behavior with or without attitude and behavior support. As expected, congruence between the participants' attitude–behavior consistency and another's attitude–behavior consistency reduced attitude change. Study 2 (N equals 69) replicated the results of Study 1; in addition, metaconsistency influenced participants' perceptions of their own attitude–behavior consistency. The implications of metaconsistency for other contemporary perspectives of dissonance theory are discussed.
Willingness to pay to avoid sharps-related injuries: a study in injured health care workers.

BACKGROUND Injuries caused by sharp medical devices are common among health care workers and may result in the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. OBJECTIVE The direct medical costs associated with treating these injuries are well characterized but fail to capture the costs of such intangible factors as worker anxiety and distress. The objective of this study was to estimate these intangible costs. SUBJECTS Subjects included health care workers reporting sharps-related injuries to 2 hospital occupational health services. METHOD A contingent valuation approach was used to assess willingness to pay to avoid sharps-related injuries among recently injured health care workers. Workers were presented with the option of paying out of pocket for a hypothetical injury-prevention device. The median amount of money subjects were willing to pay was estimated with logistic regression, and multivariable regression was performed to assess confounding by worker characteristics and circumstances surrounding injuries. RESULTS Study interviews were conducted for 116 subjects; median time from injury to interview was 3 days (range, 0-15). Most subjects were women (73%), and most were nurses (44%) or trainees (32%). The crude median amount subjects were willing to pay to avert injury was $850 (US); when adjusted for patient risk status (human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus status), and working with an uncooperative patient at the time of injury, median amount increased to $1270. CONCLUSION The high median amount subjects were willing to pay to avoid a sharps-related injury suggests that the costs of "intangible" aspects of worker injury, such as anxiety and distress, may equal costs associated with the medical evaluation of these injuries. These costs should be incorporated in economic analyses of sharps-injury prevention.
Functional Modeling of the ACVR1 (R206H) Mutation in FOP

Individuals with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva are born with malformations of the great toes and develop a heterotopic skeleton during childhood because of an identical heterozygous mutation in the glycine-serine activation domain of ACVR1, a bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor. Substitution of adenine for guanine at nucleotide 617 replaces an evolutionarily conserved arginine with histidine at residue 206 of ACVR1 in all classically affected individuals, making this one of the most highly conserved disease-causing mutations in the human genome. To better understand the molecular constraints and physiological implications of this mutation, we performed in silico modeling of wild-type and mutant ACVR1. In both the wild-type ACVR1 model and template crystal structures (TβRI), the conserved arginine appears to form a salt bridge with an invariant aspartate residue. Although lysine, a conservative substitution in BMPRIA and BMPRIB, can be readily accommodated, histidine at residue 206 (like in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva) would participate in a salt bridge with the aspartate only at decreased intracellular pH and with extensive structural rearrangement. Protein modeling predicts that substitution with histidine, and only histidine, creates a pH-sensitive switch within the activation domain of the receptor that leads to ligand-independent activation of ACVR1 in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
COUNTERINTENTIONAL HABIT AS AN INHIBITOR OF TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE

Most behavioral models used in information systems (IS) research have focused primarily on the role of conscious intentions in determining whether users will adopt or continue using a particular IS. Only recently have IS researchers begun exploring subconscious, automatic predictors of behavior such as habit. Perhaps the biggest constraint has been the lack of a universally accepted, theoretically based, and valid measurement instrument for the study of this complex psychological phenomenon. This paper builds on recent advances in the understanding of habitual behavior from social psychology, by proposing the development of an improved habit measure to be applied in an IS setting. The validated measure will then be used to examine how habit can counteract intentions and inhibit the adoption and use of systems that have been deemed important to a company’s success. Specifically, we hypothesize that habitual use of an existing system will negatively impact both intentions to use, and actual usage of, a new system. By better understanding habit’s inhibiting influence on IS acceptance, strategies can be developed for the specific purpose of breaking these preexisting habits, and encouraging the development of new ones.
High doses of the anabolic steroid metandienone found in dietary supplements

Three nutritional supplements with “1-T matrix” were purchased by telephone order. The supplier of these supplements is a company from the UK, and the manufacturer is from the U.S. Aliquots of 1 g each were analyzed with gas chromatography / mass spectrometry and high pressure liquid chromatography with UV detector. In all supplements analyzed were found the anabolic-andro-genic steroid metandienone. Metandienone, only available by prescription, was not declared on the labels. The concentrations of metandienone were 17.30 mg/g, 0.41 mg/g, and 0.96 mg/g for supplements 1, 2, and 3. In supplement 1, the concentrations of metandienone varied from capsule to capsule. Maximum concentrations of metandienone of 28.9 mg/g were detected. In addition to enormous health risks, the use of the analyzed supplements can lead to positive doping results for metandienone. The results of this study show that it is of major importance to improve the surveillance of the production and trade of dietary supplements. The first step should be a warning to be issued to consumers and the withdrawal of dietary supplements containing prescription drugs.
FRIENDS WITH MY FUTURE SELF: LONGITUDINAL VIVIDNESS INTERVENTION REDUCES DELINQUENCY†

In a field experiment, we use a novel method to test whether instilling a greater sense of vividness of the future self motivates people to act in a more future-oriented way and reduces their delinquent involvement. We manipulate vividness of the future self by having participants, a sample of high-school youth (N = 133), “befriend” an avatar representing their future self on a social network website. For 7 days, they reply to short messages from their future self designed to trigger thinking about that distant self. Using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), we find that participants who had been linked to their future self report less delinquent involvement, whereas controls did not. Furthermore, the results of a nonparametric bootstrapping procedure show that this effect is mediated by changes in vividness of the future self, such that increases in vividness lead to lower self-reported delinquency. We conclude that vividness of the future self holds promise not only as a cognitive explanation for the failure to make informed cost–benefit trade-offs but also for interventions aiming to reduce delinquency.
Managing from the middle? Tensions and dilemmas in the role of the primary school special educational needs coordinator

The UK Government both within the revised Code of Practice (2001) and within its national standards has sought to define the role of the SENCO. Many commentators however have found such definitions limited and functionalist. There is extensive variation in the role and responsibility, differences in status and ‘power’ in spite of government recommendations that the role should be a strategic one. Acknowledging the importance of qualitative studies into the area of leadership this research draws from in depth case studies to analyse the developing role. The findings indicate that the role cannot be generalised and that SENCOs are operating in increasingly complex contexts with very different styles of leadership/management. It is argued that to be effective within the inclusive schools agenda, schools need to reconsider the leadership role of the SENCO.
Understanding counterfeit consumption

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to create a framework for broadly understanding categories and motivations behind purchasing different counterfeit products. Design/methodology/approach – Focus groups provided qualitative data from 509 counterfeit purchases incidents by 95 informants. Findings – The most frequently mentioned motivation was the utility (35 percent) received from the good over the genuine article. The second, but negative, motivation was the perceived risk involved in the purchase (22 percent), whether it is physical or social risk. Social norms, confusion, and ethical concerns each represented about 10 percent of the motivations toward the purchase of counterfeit items. The least mentioned motivations to purchase, at less than 4 percent each, were culture, habit, and desire to explore. These factors were evident across a variety of 15 product categories, headed by electronics, such as DVDs and computer software. Practical implications – Through targeting negative motivations, such as.