Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abnormal resting-state brain activities in patients with first-episode obsessive-compulsive disorder

Objective This paper attempts to explore the brain activity of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and its correlation with the disease at resting duration in patients with first-episode OCD, providing a forceful imaging basis for clinic diagnosis and pathogenesis of OCD. Methods Twenty-six patients with first-episode OCD and 25 healthy controls (HC group; matched for age, sex, and education level) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning at resting state. Statistical parametric mapping 8, data processing assistant for resting-state fMRI analysis toolkit, and resting state fMRI data analysis toolkit packages were used to process the fMRI data on Matlab 2012a platform, and the difference of regional homogeneity (ReHo) values between the OCD group and HC group was detected with independent two-sample t-test. With age as a concomitant variable, the Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to study the correlation between the disease duration and ReHo value of whole brain. Results Compared with HC group, the ReHo values in OCD group were decreased in brain regions, including left thalamus, right thalamus, right paracentral lobule, right postcentral gyrus, and the ReHo value was increased in the left angular gyrus region. There was a negative correlation between disease duration and ReHo value in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Conclusion OCD is a multifactorial disease generally caused by abnormal activities of many brain regions at resting state. Worse brain activity of the OFC is related to the OCD duration, which provides a new insight to the pathogenesis of OCD.
Seasonal and Spatial Changes in Trichodesmium Associated With Physicochemical Properties in East China Sea and Southern Yellow Sea

Trichodesmium is broadly distributed and occasionally blooms in the East China Sea (ECS) and southern Yellow Sea, where it contributes to local N and C budgets. However, its population structure, spatiotemporal distribution, controlling factors, and N2 fixation remain poorly documented. Here we provide high spatial resolution data sets of Trichodesmium during the four seasons of 2011–2012 using water‐ and net‐collected methods. The net‐collected method captures colonial trichomes of Trichodesmium effectively but results in an underestimation of free trichomes. Colonies are rarely observed and occur only on the ECS shelf, which are easily missed in water‐collected samples. Depth‐integrated densities of Trichodesmium were found to be significantly higher in warm seasons than in cold seasons. Maximum densities in the water column were generally found at depths of 10–50 m. Trichodesmium thrives on the oligotrophic, warm, offshore ECS shelf (controlled by the Kuroshio and Taiwan Warm Current), but restrains in the cold southern Yellow Sea and the eutrophic, inshore ECS. Seasonal and spatial variations in Trichodesmium are closely correlated with physicochemical properties (mainly temperature and P), which are primarily controlled by circulation alteration and water mass movement. The N2 fixation rates of Trichodesmium in the ECS in summer and autumn (>20°C) are roughly estimated at 17.1 and 41.7 μmol N m−2 d−1 under nonbloom conditions, which potentially contribute to 81% and 57% of biological N2 fixation, respectively. Compared with historical data since the 1970s, Trichodesmium densities have increased considerably in all seasons, and the distribution boundary has shifted northward under regional warming and hydrological changes.
Investigation of Tensile Properties of Bulk and SLM Fabricated 304L Stainless Steel using Various Gage Length Specimens

The complex solidification dynamics and thermal cycling during Selective Laser Melting process is expected to result in non-equilibrium material characteristics. There is an essential need for characterization techniques which are critical towards the estimation of anisotropies. The current investigation is targeted towards establishing tensile testing methodologies and their relation to differing gage lengths. Dog-bone shaped specimen designs with gage lengths of 1”, 0.3” and 0.12” were employed in this research. The characterization was performed on hot rolled-annealed 304 stainless and SLM fabricated 304L stainless. It was theorized that smaller gage length specimens would be instrumental in mapping material property anisotropy at a better spatial resolution. The ultimate tensile and yield strength data were used to identify the material property distribution and assess the anisotropy. The material property distributions were used to successfully assess the testing methodologies and material characteristics.
Discordance analysis characteristics as a new method to compare the diagnostic accuracy of tests: example of complexed versus total prostate-specific antigen.

BACKGROUND ROC curve analysis is used to compare the overall diagnostic accuracy of tests, but its application to subgroups selected by a concentration range of only one marker may show severe biases. We developed a new approach, which we have named discordance analysis characteristics (DAC). METHODS The DAC method is based on a generalization of the McNemar test so that for a given pair of cutoff values only those patients are analyzed who are categorized differently by the two tests compared. The analyses are performed for all cutoff pairs that deliver identical sensitivities for both tests. We used data for total (tPSA) and complexed prostate-specific antigen (cPSA) from a recently published multicenter study to demonstrate the DAC method. RESULTS The example shows that ROC analyses of subgroups can give contradictory results about the diagnostic accuracy of two markers, depending on the marker used for the selection of subgroups. The DAC method avoids artifacts attributable to questionable selection of subgroups and facilitates overall and local comparisons of the diagnostic accuracy of tests. The DAC results of the analyzed data set suggest that cPSA has higher diagnostic accuracy than does tPSA. CONCLUSIONS The DAC method is a suitable tool for comparing the clinical usefulness of laboratory markers. The DAC method could be considered as an additional tool to ROC analysis and could replace comparative ROC analyses of diagnostic tests, especially within subgroups defined by only one of the markers.
From neighborhood to household: connections between neighborhood vacant and abandoned property and family violence

Abstract Rates of family violence, including intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment, remain high in the U.S. and contribute to substantial health and economic costs. How neighborhood environment may influence family violence remains poorly understood. We examine the association between neighborhood vacant and abandoned properties and family violence, and the role collective efficacy may play in that relationship. Data were used from a longitudinal cohort of 218 maternal-child dyads in a southern U.S. city known for elevated rates of violence. Women were matched on their propensity score, for living in a neighborhood with elevated vacant and cited properties. Analyses accounting for clustering in neighborhood and matched groups were conducted to examine the association between neighborhood vacant and abandoned property and family violence, and the potential mediating relationship of collective efficacy. The likelihood of experiencing child maltreatment at 12-months of age was more than twice as high for children living in neighborhoods with a high vacant and cited property rates compared to women living in neighborhoods with fewer vacant and cited properties (OR=2.11, 95% CI=1.03, 4.31). Women living in neighborhoods characterized by high levels of vacant and cited properties were also more than twice as likely to report IPV (OR=2.52, 95% CI=1.21, 5.25). Associations remained mostly stable after controlling for key covariates. Collective efficacy did not act as a mediator in the relationship between vacant and cited properties and family violence. Reducing neighborhood vacant and cited properties may be an important target for interventions focused on reducing family violence.
Bilateral Cortical Interaction: Modulation of Delay-Tuned Neurons in the Contralateral Auditory Cortex

Transcallosal excitation and inhibition have been theorized based on the effect of callosotomy on intractable epilepsy and dichotic listening research, respectively. We studied bilateral interaction of cortical auditory neurons and found that this interaction consisted of focused facilitation and widespread lateral inhibition. The frequency modulated (FM)–FM area of the auditory cortex of the mustached bat is composed of delay-tuned neurons tuned to the combination of the emitted biosonar pulse and its echo with a specific echo delay [best delay (BD)] and consists of three subdivisions in terms of the combination sensitivity of neurons. We found that focal electric stimulation of one of these three subdivisions evoked BD shifts of delay-tuned neurons in all three subdivisions of the contralateral FM–FM area, presumably via the corpus callosum. The effect of electric stimulation of the delay-tuned neurons on the contralateral delay-tuned neurons was different depending on whether the BD of a recorded neuron was matched or unmatched in BD with that of the stimulated neurons. BD-matched neurons did not change their BDs and increased the responses at their BDs, whereas BD-unmatched neurons shifted their BDs away from the BD of the stimulated neurons and reduced their responses. The ipsilateral and contralateral BD shifts evoked by the electric stimulation were identical to each other. The contralateral modulation, in addition to the ipsilateral modulation, increases the contrast in the neural representation of the echo delay to which the stimulated neurons are tuned.
Consumer Knowledge, Attitudes and Salt-Related Behavior in the Middle-East: The Case of Lebanon

Sodium intake is high in Lebanon, a country of the Middle East region where rates of cardiovascular diseases are amongst the highest in the world. This study examines salt-related knowledge, attitude and self-reported behaviors amongst adult Lebanese consumers and investigates the association of socio-demographic factors, knowledge and attitudes with salt-related behaviors. Using a multicomponent questionnaire, a cross-sectional study was conducted in nine supermarkets in Beirut, based on systematic random sampling (n = 442). Factors associated with salt-related behaviors were examined by multivariate regression analysis. Specific knowledge and attitude gaps were documented with only 22.6% of participants identifying processed foods as the main source of salt, 55.6% discerning the relationship between salt and sodium, 32.4% recognizing the daily limit of salt intake and 44.7% reporting being concerned about the amount of salt in their diet. The majority of participants reported behavioral practices that increase salt intake with only 38.3% checking for salt label content, 43.7% reporting that their food purchases are influenced by salt content and 38.6% trying to buy low-salt foods. Knowledge, attitudes and older age were found to significantly predict salt-related behaviors. Findings offer valuable insight on salt-related knowledge, attitude and behaviors in a sample of Lebanese consumers and provide key information that could spur the development of evidence-based salt-reduction interventions specific to the Middle East.
Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity among patients attending dental OPD and the role of consultation-liaison psychiatry in dental practice in a tertiary care general hospital

Background: Psychiatric co-morbidities are frequent among patients attending dental OPD, some of which go unrecognized and hence untreated. Aims: The present study has been carried out to detect the psychiatric co-morbidities among dental patients and determine the scope of consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatry in a rural teaching hospital regarding comprehensive management of the patients. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional, descriptive type study was conducted in a multi-speciality tertiary care teaching hospital in the northern part of West Bengal, India. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients attending the dental OPD were randomly included in the study and every patient was consecutively referred to psychiatry department for assessment, during the period from 1 st November 2013 to 30 th April 2014. All referred patients were clinically examined and psychiatric co-morbidity was assessed by the help of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-28 and Mental Status Examination. Statistical analysis used: The data were subjected to statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 16, and statistically analyzed using Cross tab and Chi test. P <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The commonest dental illness was dental caries (22%). More than two-third of the patients had psychiatric co-morbidity according to GHQ-28 total score. Sixty-eight patients were diagnosed to have mental disorder on mental status examination. Somatoform disorder (25%) was the commonest type of mental disorder, followed by mixed anxiety and depression (14%). Conclusions: This study has pointed the need for psychological examination of patients visiting dental specialty with unexplained physical symptoms. Such patients can be identified and treated, provided a psychiatric consultation service exists.
Receipt of General Medical Care by Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Longitudinal Study

Background: Cancer diagnosis has the potential to overshadow patients’ general medical care needs. This study examined changes in general medical care among elderly patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), from before diagnosis through long-term survival. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study used 1993 to 1999 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and 1991 to 2001 Medicare claims data for 22,161 patients with stage 0 to 3 CRC and 81,669 controls aged 67 to 89 years. Outcomes were preventive services (influenza vaccination, mammography) and, among diabetics, HgbA1c and lipid testing in the phase before diagnosis, the phase after initial treatment, the surveillance phase, and the survival care phase. Logistic regression provided adjusted relative risks of care receipt for patients with stage 0 to 1 cancer, stage 2 to 3 cancer, and no cancer. Results: In the phase before diagnosis through the surveillance phase, patients with stage 0 to 1 CRC had the highest annual preventive service rates. Patients with stage 2 to 3 CRC made substantial gains in preventive service use, especially mammography, after diagnosis (influenza vaccination, 46.4% before diagnosis to 50.2% after initial treatment; mammography, 31.4% before diagnosis to 40.2% after initial treatment) but not in diabetes care (eg, HgbA1c, 53.4% before diagnosis to 54.9% after initial treatment). Conclusions: CRC diagnosis seems to facilitate receipt of preventive services but not diabetes care for elderly, later-stage patients. Additional strategies such as strengthening partnerships between cancer patients, primary care physicians, and cancer care physicians are needed to improve care for a chronic disease like diabetes.
Pulmonary vascular impedance vs. resistance in hypoxic and hyperoxic dogs: effects of propofol and isoflurane.

The pulmonary vascular effects of inhaled anesthetics have been reported variably. We compared the effects of intravenous anesthesia (propofol) and inhalational anesthesia (isoflurane) on multipoint mean [pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa)-pulmonary arterial occluded pressure (PpaO)]/cardiac output (Q) plots and on pulmonary vascular impedance (PVZ) spectra in eight dogs alternatively ventilated in hyperoxia [inspired O2 fraction (FIO2) 0.4] and in hypoxia (FIO2 0.1). Q was altered by a manipulation of venous return. During propofol, hypoxia increased (Ppa-PpaO) by an average of 2-3 mmHg over the entire range of Q studied, from 1 to 2.5 l.min-1 x m-2. This hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) was associated with insignificant changes in PVZ. Decreasing Q in hypoxia and hyperoxia did not affect PVZ. Compared with propofol, isoflurane decreased (Ppa-PpaO) by an average of 2-5 mmHg at all levels of Q studied in both hypoxia and hyperoxia but did not affect HPV. During isoflurane anesthesia, 0 Hz PVZ was lower (P < 0.01) in hypoxia, but otherwise the PVZ spectrum was not different from that recorded during propofol anesthesia. We conclude that, in dogs, 1 degree general anesthesia with isoflurane alone decreases pulmonary vascular tone without inhibition of HPV and that 2 degrees pressure/Q plots in the time domain are more sensitive than those in the frequency domain to subtle hemodynamic changes induced by hypoxia or isoflurane at the periphery of the pulmonary vasculature.
A multiresolution spline with application to image mosaics

We define a multiresolution spline technique for combining two or more images into a larger image mosaic. In this procedure, the images to be splined are first decomposed into a set of band-pass filtered component images. Next, the component images in each spatial frequency hand are assembled into a corresponding bandpass mosaic. In this step, component images are joined using a weighted average within a transition zone which is proportional in size to the wave lengths represented in the band. Finally, these band-pass mosaic images are summed to obtain the desired image mosaic. In this way, the spline is matched to the scale of features within the images themselves. When coarse features occur near borders, these are blended gradually over a relatively large distance without blurring or otherwise degrading finer image details in the neighborhood of th e border.
Extracting Semantic Predications from Medline Citations for Pharmacogenomics

We describe a natural language processing system (Enhanced SemRep) to identify core assertions on pharmacogenomics in Medline citations. Extracted information is represented as semantic predications covering a range of relations relevant to this domain. The specific relations addressed by the system provide greater precision than that achievable with methods that rely on entity co-occurrence. The development of Enhanced SemRep is based on the adaptation of an existing system and crucially depends on domain knowledge in the Unified Medical Language System. We provide a preliminary evaluation (55% recall and 73% precision) and discuss the potential of this system in assisting both clinical practice and scientific investigation.
DETERMINATION OF TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUE IN DAIRY PRODUCTS SOLD IN OGBOMOSO, SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

This study investigated the levels of the antibiotic tetracycline contained in cow milk, goat milk, butterfat, soft cheese and yoghurt samples. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) standard methods were used for the detection and quantification of tetracycline in 40 dairy products samples. All the analysed samples contained residues of tetracycline antibiotics. The mean tetracycline residual levels were as follows: 0.0032 ± 0.0018 ppm (cow milk); 0.0040 ± 0.0011 ppm (goat milk); 0.0020 ± 0.0008 ppm (butterfat); 0.0080 ± 0.0034 ppm (soft cheese) and 0.0019 ± 0.0008 ppm (yoghurt). The level of the tetracycline antibiotic in soft cheese was significantly (P 0.05). The detection of tetracycline residues in all of the tested samples revealed that the processing of cow milk into milk products did not eliminate the tetracycline antibiotic. The observed tetracycline residue levels in the dairy products were below the maximum residue level (MRL) of 0.1 ppm (European Union (EU) standards and were thus safe for human consumption. The government however needs to enforce continuity in the adherence to the tetracycline and other drug maximum residue limits at all times in the dairy industry in Nigeria in order to protect the health of consumers.
Kandungan Flavonoid dan Limonoid pada Berbagai Fase Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jeruk Kalamondin (Citrus mitis Blanco) dan Purut (Citrus hystrix Dc.)

ABSTRAK. Tanaman jeruk mengandung metabolit sekunder flavonoid, karotenoid, dan limonoid yang banyak terdapat dalam daun, kulit buah, biji, dan pulp. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui kandungan flavonoid dan limonoid pada berbagai fase pertumbuhan tanaman jeruk Kalamondin dan Purut serta mendapatkan informasi kandungan limonoid pada fase embrio dan planlet hasil perbanyakan in vitro melalui embriogenesis somatik. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika (Balitjestro) sejak bulan Mei sampai dengan Desember 2009. Ruang lingkup penelitian terdiri atas (1) identifikasi metabolit sekunder yaitu flavonoid dan limonoid pada berbagai fase pertumbuhan tanaman jeruk Kalamondin dan Purut dan (2) identifikasi limonoid pada fase embrio dan planlet tanaman jeruk Kalamondin yang diperbanyak dengan metode embriogenesis somatik secara in vitro. Analisis kandungan metabolit sekunder dilakukan di Unit Layanan Pengujian, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Airlangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan flavonoid dan limonoid dapat diproduksi dari berbagai bagian tanaman, seperti pada pulp, biji, kulit buah, dan daun pada berbagai fase pertumbuhan jeruk Purut dan Kalamondin. Kandungan flavonoid pada jeruk Purut dan Kalamondin tertinggi terdapat pada buah tua, masing-masing 18,8 ppm. Kandungan limonoid pada jeruk Purut hanya terdeteksi pada daun pendukung buah tua (1 ppm) dan biji (61 ppm), sedangkan pada jenis Kalamondin hanya terdeteksi pada biji yaitu sebesar 74 ppm. ABSTRACT. Devy, N.F. , F. Yulianti, and Andrini. 2010. Flavonoid and Limonoid Contents in Every Growth Phase of Kalamondin (Citrus mitis Blanco) and Purut (Citrus hystrix Dc.). Citrus contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, carotenoid, and limonoid, which can be found in the leaf, peel of fruit, seeds, and pulp. The aims of this research were to determine flavonoid and limonoid contents in every growth phase of Kalamondin and Purut and the limonoid contents in embryo and plantlet phases derived from in vitro somatic embryogenesis. The research was conducted in Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute (ICISFRI) from May to December 2009. The research consisted of two activities as follows: (1) analyses of flavonoid and limonoid contents in every growth phase of Kalamondin and Purut and (2) analyses of the limonoid contents in embryos and plantlet proliferated from somatic embryogenesis culture. Flavonoid and limonoid contents were analyzed at the Assessment Service Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University. The results showed that flavonoid and limonoid compounds could be produced in all parts of plant i.e, such as pulp, seeds, peel of fruit, and leaves from every growth phase of Kalamondin and Purut. In Purut and Kalamondin, the highest flavonoid content was obtained from ripen fruit, with concentration 18.8 ppm. Liminoid content in Purut was detected only in leaf supporting ripen fruit (1 ppm) and seeds (61 ppm), and in Kalamondin was only in seeds with concentration 74 ppm.