Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Assisted Microscopic Fenestration of Inner Membrane in Cases of Chronic Subdural Hematoma

Introduction: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common types of intracranial hemorrhages and carries a significant morbidity; there is no clear optimal treatment. Recurrence, pneumocephaly and seizures are common complications. We will evaluate outcome after inner membrane fenestration in comparison to burr-hole evacuation only in cases of CSDH. Patients and Methods: Our work was conducted on 20 patients with CSDH from February 2017 to July 2017. Endoscopic-assisted microscopic fenestration technique was used to do inner membrane fenestration in ten patients and the other 10 patients operated upon by traditional burr-hole evacuation. Regular follow up was done up to one month. Results: Clinical outcome was nearly the same in the two groups. Recurrence rate was only noted in the non-fenestration group (20%). Midline shift was better in the membrane fenestration group after one month and we experienced no intraoperative surgical complications related to the fenestration technique. Postoperative complications, such as Pneumocephalus and seizures, were seen in both study groups. Conclusion: Endoscopic assisted microscopic technique decreases surgical risks to do inner membrane fenestration although there is no major difference between doing fenestration or not in clinical outcome, but it may decrease recurrence, but larger studies are needed.
Chapter Five. Family Instability and Complexity after a Nonmarital Birth

This paper uses data from the first four waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine the following questions: (1) what are unmarried parents' capabilities at the time of their child's birth, and what is the nature of their relationship at birth and over time? (2) How do family structure and stability affect parental resources (financial and health)? (3) How do family structure and stability affect the level and quality of parental investments in children? And (4) how do family structure and stability affect children's cognitive and socio-emotional development? We argue that although unmarried parents have " high hopes " for their relationships at the time their child is born, low capabilities and distrust lead to high rates of union instability and growing family complexity. Instability and complexity, in turn, reduce parental resources by lowering parental resources (financial and health), paternal investments, and the quality of mothers' parenting, all of which undermine children's cognitive and socio-emotional development. At the aggregate level, these pathways explain how non-marital childbearing contributes to the persistence of disadvantage across generations.
DeepLife: An Entity-aware Search, Analytics and Exploration Platform for Health and Life Sciences

Despite the abundance of biomedical literature and health discussions in online communities, it is often tedious to retrieve informative contents for health-centric information needs. Users can query scholarly work in PubMed by keywords and MeSH terms, and resort to Google for everything else. This demo paper presents the DeepLife system, to overcome the limitations of existing search engines for life science and health topics. DeepLife integrates large knowledge bases and harnesses entity linking methods, to support search and exploration of scientiﬁc literature, newspaper feeds, and social media, in terms of keywords and phrases, biomedical entities, and taxonomic categories. It also provides functionality for entity-aware text analytics over health-centric contents.
Financial Crises and Total Factor Productivity

Total factor productivity (TFP) falls markedly during financial crises, as we document with recent evidence from Mexico and Asia. These falls are unusual in magnitude and present a difficult challenge for the standard small open economy neoclassical model. We show in the case of Mexico’s 1994-95 crisis that the model predicts that inputs and output should have fallen much more than they did. Using models with endogenous factor utilization, we find that capital utilization and labor hoarding can account for a large fraction of the TFP fall during the crisis. However, these models also predict that output should fall significantly more than in the data. Given the behavior of TFP, the biggest challenge may not be explaining why output falls so much following financial crises, but rather why it falls so little.
Modeling and Simulation of Link-16 System in Network Simulator 2

Research on the modeling and simulation of Link-16 has been got much attention nowadays. The common wireless network models are not suitable for Link-16. This paper proposes a Link-16 communication protocol architecture model with 5 layers. An extension of NS-2 (Network Simulator version 2) framework by modifying the original data structure and adding new network module is presented. Validations of delays and throughputs are proposed for further system design and evaluation.
Shoulda, Coulda, Didnae—Why Don’t High-Potential Players Make it?

Given the non-linear nature of talent development, there is a lack of research investigating those who don’t make it. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to explore the reasons why performers of high potential didn’t meet their expected performance level. Participants, who were experienced talent developers in high level academies from football and rugby, identified five broad reasons for these failures: namely, lacking mental skills, serendipity, pathway based failures, maladaptive family input and lacking physical skills. Using a three-part focus derived from the data, we suggest ways in which talent pathways can optimize their output and prevent these failures.
iNuc-PseKNC: a sequence-based predictor for predicting nucleosome positioning in genomes with pseudo k-tuple nucleotide composition

MOTIVATION Nucleosome positioning participates in many cellular activities and plays significant roles in regulating cellular processes. With the avalanche of genome sequences generated in the post-genomic age, it is highly desired to develop automated methods for rapidly and effectively identifying nucleosome positioning. Although some computational methods were proposed, most of them were species specific and neglected the intrinsic local structural properties that might play important roles in determining the nucleosome positioning on a DNA sequence. RESULTS Here a predictor called 'iNuc-PseKNC' was developed for predicting nucleosome positioning in Homo sapiens, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster genomes, respectively. In the new predictor, the samples of DNA sequences were formulated by a novel feature-vector called 'pseudo k-tuple nucleotide composition', into which six DNA local structural properties were incorporated. It was observed by the rigorous cross-validation tests on the three stringent benchmark datasets that the overall success rates achieved by iNuc-PseKNC in predicting the nucleosome positioning of the aforementioned three genomes were 86.27%, 86.90% and 79.97%, respectively. Meanwhile, the results obtained by iNuc-PseKNC on various benchmark datasets used by the previous investigators for different genomes also indicated that the current predictor remarkably outperformed its counterparts. AVAILABILITY A user-friendly web-server, iNuc-PseKNC is freely accessible at http://lin.uestc. edu.cn/server/iNuc-PseKNC.
On exchangeable random variables and the statistics of large graphs and hypergraphs

De Finetti’s classical result of [18] identifying the law of an exchangeable family of random variables as a mixture of i.i. d. laws was extended to structure theorems for more complex notions of exchangeability by Aldous [1, 2, 3], Hoover [41, 42], Kallenberg [44] and Kingman [47]. On the other hand, such exchangeable laws were first related to questions from combinatorics in an independent analysis by Fremlin and Talagrand [29], and again more recently in Tao [62], where they appear as a natural proxy for the ‘leading order statistics’ of colourings of large graphs or hypergraphs. Moreover, this relation appears implicitly in the study of various more bespoke formalisms for handling ‘limit objects’ of sequences of dense graphs or hypergraphs in a number of recent works, including Lovasz and Szegedy [52], Borgs, Chayes, Lovasz, Sos, Szegedy and Vesztergombi [17], Elek and Szegedy [24] and Razborov [54, 55]. However, the connection between these works and the earlier probabilistic structural results seems to have gone largely unappreciated. In this survey we recall the basic results of the theory of exchangeable laws, and then explain the probabilistic versions of various interesting questions from graph and hypergraph theory that their connection motivates (particularly extremal questions on the testability of properties for graphs and hypergraphs). We also locate the notions of exchangeability of interest to us in the context of other classes of probability measures subject to various symmetries, in particular contrasting the methods employed to analyze exchangeable laws with related structural results in ergodic theory, particular the Furstenberg-Zimmer structure theorem for probability-preserving ℤ-systems, which underpins Furstenberg’s ergodic-theoretic proof of Szemeredi’s Theorem. The forthcoming paper [10] will make a much more elaborate appeal to the link between exchangeable laws and dense (directed) hypergraphs to establish various results in property testing.
Preexposure prophylaxis-related stigma: strategies to improve uptake and adherence – a narrative review

Despite high levels of efficacy, the implementation of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as a strategy to prevent new HIV infection has been slow. Studies show that PrEP works so long as it is taken, making adherence one of the great challenges of effective PrEP implementation alongside issues of access and uptake. Given that effective PrEP use requires ongoing self-administration of pills by people at high risk of HIV acquisition, it is a strategy best understood not as simply biomedical, but as biobehavioral or biopsychosocial, meaning that that social, psychological, cultural, and structural factors all contribute to the success or failure of the intervention. The willingness of people at risk of HIV to take up and adhere to PrEP depends greatly upon social understandings – whether it is seen as effective, as a healthy option, and a socially acceptable strategy for preventing HIV. Stigma – unfavorable associations – can negatively influence the implementation of PrEP. Because it is associated with high-risk sexual activity, PrEP risks multiple stigmas that can differ according to specific cultural conditions. This includes the stigma of being related to HIV (which may also relate to other stigmas, such as homosexuality, sex work, and/or drug use) and the stigma of PrEP being an alternative to condoms (as condom use is associated with responsible sexual activity). PrEP-related stigma has emerged as a significant social harm that can arise from PrEP research participation, reported by trial participants from a range of different trial sites, different trial populations, and spanning different continents. Social marketing needs to redress PrEP-related stigmas through health promotion campaigns aimed at clinicians, HIV-affected communities, and people at high risk of HIV who might benefit from PrEP access. PrEP access needs to be reframed as a positive and responsible option to help people remain HIV-negative.
Architecture Anti-Patterns: Automatically Detectable Violations of Design Principles

In large-scale software systems, error-prone or change-prone files rarely stand alone. They are typically architecturally connected and their connections usually exhibit architecture problems causing the propagation of error-proneness or change-proneness. In this paper, we propose and empirically validate a suite of architecture anti-patterns that occur in all large-scale software systems and are involved in high maintenance costs. We define these architecture anti-patterns based on fundamental design principles and Baldwin and Clark’s design rule theory. We can automatically detect these anti-patterns by analyzing a project’s structural relationships and revision history. Through our analyses of 19 large-scale software projects, we demonstrate that these architecture anti-patterns have significant impact on files’ bug-proneness and change-proneness. In particular, we show that 1) files involved in these architecture anti-patterns are more error-prone and change-prone; 2) the more anti-patterns a file is involved in, the more error-prone and change-prone it is; and 3) while all of our defined architecture anti-patterns contribute to file’s error-proneness and change-proneness, Unstable Interface and Crossing contribute the most by far.
Geometric scattering theory for long-range potentials and metrics

LetX be a compact manifold with boundary, n = dimX , and let x be a boundary defining function, i.e. x ∈ C(X), x ≥ 0, ∂X = {p ∈ X : x(p) = 0}, and dx is not zero at ∂X . We consider the following class of asymptotically flat, complete metrics onX which provide the background for a natural generalization of Euclidian scattering theory, first discussed by Melrose in [13]. A Riemannian metric g in the interior of X is called a long-range scattering metric if it can be brought to the form g = a 2 x4 + h x2 near ∂X for some choice of a boundary defining function x, a−1 ∈ xC(X), and for some smooth symmetric 2-cotensor h on X which restricts to a metric h on ∂X . Also, following [13], we say that g is a (short-range) scattering metric if we can take a = 1 above. A particular example of this setup is the radial compactification of Euclidian space R to a hemisphere (i.e. a ball) X = S+ by a (non-standard) version of the stereographic projection SP, see [13], and the corresponding lifting of the standard Euclidian metric. More generally, near ∂X we can write X as [0, )x × ∂X . Introducing r = x and thereby moving ∂X to ‘infinity’, this region can be regarded as ( ,∞)r × ∂X . Then metrics of the form dr 2 + rh for large r, h a metric on ∂X , become (short-range) scattering metrics if we reintroduce x = r, i.e. we can regard this region, when equipped with such a metric, as the ‘large end’ of a cone (the tip would have been r = 0). Apart from the intrinsic geometric interest in the study of scattering metrics on arbitrary manifolds with boundary, understanding these can clarify Euclidian scattering theory by removing the special symmetries. It can also provide the foundations for a more detailed description of such complex subjects as many-body scattering (see [3, 18] and especially [16, 17]). Let ∆ be the (positive) Laplacian of g, and let H = ∆+V , where V is a secondorder differential operator, be such that H is self-adjoint, satisfies non-degeneracy (ellipticity) conditions and that the behavior of H at ∂X is dominated by that of ∆ in a certain natural sense. If V is multiplication by a real-valued function, these requirements amount to the statement that V ∈ xC(X), i.e. that V vanishes at the boundary ∂X ; the general (and precise) setup is discussed in the following section. We remark that V ∈ xC(S+) means that V is the pull back of a classical (polyhomogeneous) symbol of order −1 from R, so Coulomb-type potentials on R (without the singularity at the origin) fit into this framework. Such a perturbation V is ‘long-range’ in the sense of [13]; an example of a ‘short-range’ V is V ∈ xC(X).
The geometry of symplectic energy

"Non-Squeezing Theorem" which says that it is impossible to embed a large ball symplectically into a thin cylinder of the form R2, x B2, where B2 is a 2-disc. This led to Hofer's discovery of symplectic capacities, which give a way of measuring the size of subsets in symplectic manifolds. Recently, Hofer found a way to measure the size (or energy) of symplectic diffeomorphisms by looking at the total variation of their generating Hamiltonians. This gives rise to a bi-invariant (pseudo-)norm on the group Ham(M) of compactly supported Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms of the manifold M. The deep fact is that this pseudo-norm is a norm; in other words, the only symplectomorphism on M with zero energy is the identity map. Up to now, this had been proved only for sufficiently nice symplectic manifolds, and by rather complicated analytic arguments. In this paper we consider a more geometric version of this energy, which was first considered by Eliashberg and Hofer in connection with their study of the extent to which the interior of a region in a symplectic manifold determines its boundary. We prove, by a simple geometric argument, that both versions of energy give rise to genuine norms on all symplectic manifolds. Roughly speaking, we show that if there were a symplectomorphism of M which had "too little" energy, one could embed a large ball into a thin cylinder M x
Bond Pricing and the Term Structure of Interest Rates: A Discrete Time Approximation

Abstract This paper studies the binomial approximation to the continuous trading term structure model of Heath, Jarrow, and Morton (1987). The discrete time approximation makes the original methodology accessible to a wider audience, and provides a computational procedure necessary for calculating the contingent claim values derived in the continuous time paper. This paper also extends and generalizes Ho and Lee's (1986) model to include multiple random shocks to the forward rate process and to include an analysis of continuous time limits. The generalization provides insights into the limitations of the existing empirical implementation of Ho and Lee's model.
EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF MELAMINE AS A FILLER IN PAPER COATINGS ON PRINT QUALITY

The basic processes applied to provide better printability for paper are surface coating and sizing processes. The desired outcome of these processes is to fill in and compress the rough areas and cavities caused by the fiber structure of the paper. As a result, the paper is enhanced in terms of its optical and physical properties. In this study, the effect of melamine as a coating material on the optical properties of paper was examined. For this purpose, cationic starch sizing and melamine coating processes were carried out on base paper under laboratory conditions and in accordance with appropriate standards. Contact angle, total surface energy and FTIR measurements of the paper were performed according to the standards. Base paper and processed papers were printed with magenta ink by a laboratory type offset printability device. Then, all the samples were subjected to a lightfastness test. CIE L*a*b*, gloss, whiteness and yellowness values of all the samples (base paper, printed, unprinted, surface processed) were determined. As a result, melamine was found to be a suitable filler material for paper coatings, which improves surface properties and increases glossiness.
Microglial BDNF, PI3K, and p-ERK in the Spinal Cord Are Suppressed by Pulsed Radiofrequency on Dorsal Root Ganglion to Ease SNI-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats

Background Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) on the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) has been applied to alleviate neuropathic pain effectively, yet the mechanisms underlying pain reduction owing to this treatment are not clarified completely. The activated microglia, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) in the spinal cord were demonstrated to be involved in developing neuropathic pain. Also, it has been just known that PRF on DRG inhibits the microglial activation in nerve injury rats. Here, we aim to investigate whether PRF treatment could regulate the levels of BDNF, PI3K, and p-ERK in the spinal cord of rats with spared nerve injury (SNI) via suppressing the spinal microglia activation to ease neuropathic pain. Methods The rats with SNI were intrathecally treated with minocycline (specific microglia inhibitor) or same volume of dimethyl sulfoxide once daily, beginning from 1 h before nerve transection to 7 days. PRF was applied adjacent to the L4-L5 DRG of rats with SNI at 45 V for 6 min on the seventh postoperative day, whereas the free-PRF rats were treated without PRF. The withdrawal thresholds were studied, and the spinal levels of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), BDNF, PI3K, and p-ERK were calculated by western blot analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence. Results The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold and paw withdrawal thermal latency decreased in the ipsilateral hind paws after SNI, and the spinal levels of Iba1, BDNF, PI3K, and p-ERK increased on day 21 after SNI compared with baseline (P < 0.01). An intrathecal injection of minocycline led to the reversal of SNI-induced allodynia and increase in levels of Iba1, BDNF, PI3K, and p-ERK. Withdrawal thresholds recovered partially after a single PRF treatment for 14 days, and SNI-induced microglia hyperactivity, BDNF upregulation, and PI3K and ERK phosphorylation in the spinal cord reduced on D14 due to the PRF procedure. Conclusion Microglial BDNF, PI3K, and p-ERK in the spinal cord are suppressed by the therapy of PRF on DRG to ease SNI-induced neuropathic pain in rats.
Noninvasive Assessment of Coronary Microcirculatory Function in Postmenopausal Women and Effects of Short-Term and Long-Term Estrogen Administration

Background—Estrogen improves endothelial function in the coronary conduit vessels of animals; however, its effects on the coronary microcirculation have not been studied completely in humans. Methods and Results—We measured myocardial blood flow (MBF) with a PET scan at rest, during cold pressor testing (CPT), and during dipyridamole hyperemia in 54 postmenopausal women without coronary artery disease. Of these, 23 were not and 31 women were taking long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) using estrogen either alone or with a progestogen. Each group was subdivided by coronary risk factors (RFs). Twelve young healthy women served as controls. In women not taking HRT, MBF measurements were repeated after 25 mg of conjugated equine estrogens IV. Neither short estrogen nor long-term HRT affected MBF at rest in women with and without RFs. Dipyridamole MBF was attenuated only in the women with RF who were not taking HRT. Short-term estrogen and long-term HRT did not reverse the abnormal response. MBF responses to CPT were abnormal in women not taking HRT, regardless of RFs (20±15% versus 32±21%) and remained unchanged after short-term estrogen administration. Long-term HRT normalized the response to CPT only in women without RF (53±22% versus 59±36% in the young women; NS). MBFs were similar for women on estrogen alone or estrogen plus a progestogen, regardless of presence or absence of RFs. Conclusion—Menopause is associated with abnormal CPT (an indirect measure of endothelial function), which can be reversed by long-term HRT only when RFs are absent. Progestogens do not antagonize this effect. Long-term HRT may therefore be useful in the primary prevention of coronary artery disease in women without RFs.
Using conversational word bursts in spoken term detection

We describe a language independent word burst feature based on the structure of conversational speech that can be used to improve spoken term detection (STD) performance. Word burst refers to a phenomenon in conversational speech in which particular content words tend to occur in close proximity of each other as a byproduct of the topic under discussion. To take advantage of bursts, we describe a rescoring procedure that can be applied to lattice and confusion network outputs to improve STD performance. This approach is particularly effective when acoustic models are built with limited training data (and ASR performance is relatively poor). We find that word bursts appear in the four languages we examined and that STD performance can be improved for three of them; the remaining language is agglutinative.