Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in a Community Sample of French-Speaking Adolescents

Abstract. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) assesses adaptive and problematic behavior in children and adolescents (Goodman, 1997). The aim of this study was to test the construct validity of a French translation of the scale. Teachers completed the SDQ for their pupils (279 girls and 278 boys, 13-18 years). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the SDQ supported the original distinction between Conduct problems, Hyperactivity/Inattention, Peer problems, Emotional symptoms, and Prosocial behavior. Multigroup CFA revealed invariance of factor measurement across gender. In addition, boys had higher factor scores for Conduct problems, Hyperactivity/Inattention, and Peer problems whereas girls were more Prosocial. The internal reliability of the subscales ranges from acceptable to very good. These results indicate that the French version of the SDQ has a reliable factor organization among adolescent boys and girls.
Asymptotic Connectivity in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Using Directional Antennas

Connectivity is a crucial issue in wireless ad hoc networks (WANETs). Gupta and Kumar have shown that in WANETs using omnidirectional antennas, the critical transmission range to achieve asymptotic connectivity is O(radic(log n/n)) if n nodes are uniformly and independently distributed in a disk of unit area. In this paper, we investigate the connectivity problem when directional antennas are used. We first assume that each node in the network randomly beam forms in one beam direction. We find that there also exists a critical transmission range for a WANET to achieve asymptotic connectivity, which corresponds to a critical transmission power (CTP). Since CTP is dependent on the directional antenna pattern, the number of beams, and the propagation environment, we then formulate a non-linear programming problem to minimize the CTP. We show that when directional antennas use the optimal antenna pattern, the CTP in a WANET using directional antennas at both transmitter and receiver is smaller than that when either transmitter or receiver uses directional antenna and is further smaller than that when only omnidirectional antennas are used. Moreover, we revisit the connectivity problem assuming that two neighboring nodes using directional antennas can be guaranteed to beam form to each other to carry out the transmission. A smaller critical transmission range than that in the previous case is found, which implies smaller CTP.
Test on Mechanical Properties of Cemented Soils Using Secondary Development Data Acquisition Test System

A secondary development of computer aided data acquisition test system is performed in order to improve the disadvantages of original system. In this way, the qualified influences of cement content and curing time on yield strength and stiffness of soil can be automatic acquisition in consolidated undrained triaxial tests. The data collected from the system show that the deviatoric stress of soil increases with increasing axial strain initially followed by a relatively smooth decline after yield point. Yield strength increases with increasing cement content and curing time at the same strain. A well-defined linear relationship between yield strength and cement content are observed and also the relationship between yield strength and curing time. Finally, a linear function is defined to express the linear relationship between yield strength and those two factors and corresponding linear coefficients are obtained through a multiple regression analysis of test data. Stiffness of specimens shows an initial sharp degradation followed by smooth attenuation with increasing axial strain. The addition of cement and long curing time can effectively improve the stiffness of specimens especially at low strain areas.
Risk factors associated with Trypanosoma cruzi exposure in domestic dogs from a rural community in Panama

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection, is a zoonosis of humans, wild and domestic mammals, including dogs. In Panama, the main T. cruzi vector is hodnius pallescens, a triatomine bug whose main natural habitat is the royal palm, Attalea butyracea. In this paper, we present results from three T. cruzi serological tests (immunochromatographic dipstick, indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA) performed in 51 dogs from 24 houses in Trinidad de Las Minas, western Panama. We found that nine dogs were seropositive (17.6% prevalence). Dogs were 1.6 times more likely to become T. cruzi seropositive with each year of age and 11.6 times if royal palms where present in the peridomiciliary area of the dog's household or its two nearest neighbours. Mouse-baited-adhesive traps were employed to evaluate 12 peridomestic royal palms. All palms were found infested with R. pallescens with an average of 25.50 triatomines captured per palm. Of 35 adult bugs analysed, 88.6% showed protozoa flagellates in their intestinal contents. In addition, dogs were five times more likely to be infected by the presence of an additional domestic animal species in the dog's peridomiciliary environment. Our results suggest that interventions focused on royal palms might reduce the exposure to T. cruzi infection.
Attentional bias for words and faces in social anxiety

Conflicting findings concerning the nature and presence of attentional bias in social anxiety and social phobia have been reported in the literature. This paper reports the findings of two studies comparing people with high and low social anxiety on dot probe tasks using words, faces photographed in front view, and faces photographed in profile as stimuli. In Study 1 those with high social anxiety displayed an attentional bias towards negative faces. The low social anxiety group showed an attentional bias towards positive faces. No significant effects were observed on the dot probe using words as stimuli. Study 2 used pairs of faces presented in profile as though looking at each other. One of the faces displayed either a positive, negative or neutral expression. The second face always had a neutral expression, and in half of the trials it was the subject's own face. The findings of this more ecologically valid procedure replicated those of Study 1. Facilitated attention to dots following emotional faces was specific to threatening facial stimuli. From these studies it appears that the facial dot probe task is a more sensitive index of attentional bias than the word task in a non-clinical sample with social anxiety.
Perceptions of religious leaders’ culpability in the United States

The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of religious leaders who are discovered in compromising situations. Respondents (N = 374) read one of four vignettes about a well-known, 50-year-old religious leader who was found in the back of a car by police partially clothed and intoxicated. His accomplice in the back of the parked car was (a) a 19-year-old woman, (b) a 19-year-old man, (c) a 39-year-old woman, or (d) a 39-year-old man. The accomplice in the vehicle told police and the media that s/he had been seeking spiritual counselling from this religious leader. In the General Linear Model (F = 2087.929, df = 34, p < .001) significance was observed in 10 of the 34 items following each of the vignettes. Eight other items possessed p-values slightly larger than 0.05 that merit consideration. Willingness to overlook infractions of professional behaviours were associated not with the religious leader's behaviour itself but with the age and gender of the accomplice of the religious leader. Overall, respondents were more accepting of the behaviours of the religious leader when he was found with a 39-year-old woman than with a 39-year-old man. Respondents were least likely to be understanding of his engaging in sexual behaviours with a 19-year-old adult, particularly a 19-year-old male.
Stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of an electronic medication management system to reduce medication errors, adverse drug events and average length of stay at two paediatric hospitals: a study protocol

Introduction Medication errors are the most frequent cause of preventable harm in hospitals. Medication management in paediatric patients is particularly complex and consequently potential for harms are greater than in adults. Electronic medication management (eMM) systems are heralded as a highly effective intervention to reduce adverse drug events (ADEs), yet internationally evidence of their effectiveness in paediatric populations is limited. This study will assess the effectiveness of an eMM system to reduce medication errors, ADEs and length of stay (LOS). The study will also investigate system impact on clinical work processes. Methods and analysis A stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial (SWCRCT) will measure changes pre-eMM and post-eMM system implementation in prescribing and medication administration error (MAE) rates, potential and actual ADEs, and average LOS. In stage 1, 8 wards within the first paediatric hospital will be randomised to receive the eMM system 1 week apart. In stage 2, the second paediatric hospital will randomise implementation of a modified eMM and outcomes will be assessed. Prescribing errors will be identified through record reviews, and MAEs through direct observation of nurses and record reviews. Actual and potential severity will be assigned. Outcomes will be assessed at the patient-level using mixed models, taking into account correlation of admissions within wards and multiple admissions for the same patient, with adjustment for potential confounders. Interviews and direct observation of clinicians will investigate the effects of the system on workflow. Data from site 1 will be used to develop improvements in the eMM and implemented at site 2, where the SWCRCT design will be repeated (stage 2). Ethics and dissemination The research has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network and Macquarie University. Results will be reported through academic journals and seminar and conference presentations. Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) 370325.
Phylogeny, biogeography and divergence times in Passiflora (Passifloraceae)

As part of a long-term investigation on the evolution of Passiflora L. , we investigated the divergence ages of the genus and diversification of its subgenera, relating them with biogeographical and/or historical events, and other characteristics of this taxon. The main aim of the present work was to evaluate the biogeographic distribution of this genus to better understand its evolutionary history. This is the first time that representatives from South American and Old World Passifloraceae genera have been studied as a group comprising a total of 106 widely distributed species, with representative samples of the four suggested subgenera. Seven DNA regions were studied, comprising 7,431 nucleotides from plastidial, mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Divergence time estimates were obtained by using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method and a random local clock model for each partition. Three major subgenera have been shown to be monophyletic and here we are proposing to include another subgenus in the Passiflora infrageneric classification. In general, divergence among the four subgenera in Passiflora is very ancient, ranging from ∼32 to ∼38 Mya, and Passifloraceae seems to follow a biogeographic scenario proposed for several plant groups, originating in Africa, crossing to Europe/Asia and arriving in the New World by way of land bridges. Our results indicated that Passiflora ancestors arrived in Central America and diversified quickly from there, with many long distance dispersion events.
Multidrug resistance and the lung resistance-related protein in human colon carcinoma SW-620 cells.

BACKGROUND Lung resistance-related protein (LRP), the major vault protein in humans, is sometimes overexpressed in multidrug-resistant cells. Because cells transfected with the LRP gene did not express the multidrug-resistant phenotype, we investigated whether LRP is involved in multidrug resistance. METHODS SW-620 cells, a human colon carcinoma cell line, alone or transfected with an expression vector carrying a LRP-specific ribozyme or with an empty vector, were treated with sodium butyrate to induce differentiation. Expression of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein, and LRP in the cells was examined by northern and western blotting, and the efflux of doxorubicin in the cells or isolated nuclei was examined by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS A 2-week treatment with sodium butyrate induced LRP and conferred resistance to doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, gramicidin D, and paclitaxel (Taxol) in SW-620 cells. Insertion of either of two LRP-specific ribozymes into SW-620 cells inhibited these activities. Levels of drugs accumulating in the cells were not decreased by sodium butyrate, suggesting that the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter is not involved in sodium butyrate-induced multidrug resistance. Doxorubicin was mainly located in the nuclei of untreated cells and in the cytoplasm of sodium butyrate-treated cells. Isolated nuclei from untreated cells or sodium butyrate-treated cells incubated with anti-LRP polyclonal antibodies contained more doxorubicin than the nuclei of sodium butyrate-treated cells alone. Efflux of doxorubicin was greater from the nuclei of sodium butyrate-treated cells than the nuclei of untreated cells or of sodium butyrate-treated cells transfected with a LRP-specific ribozyme and was inhibited by an anti-LRP polyclonal antibody. CONCLUSIONS LRP is involved in resistance to doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, paclitaxel, and gramicidin D and has an important role in the transport of doxorubicin from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
“Was it good for you, too?”: Gender differences in first sexual intercourse experiences

First sexual intercourse is considered to be a major life transition, but it is not always a pleasurable experience, especially for females. The major purposes of this research were to examine gender differences in emotional reactions (pleasure, anxiety, and guilt) to first intercourse and to test possible explanations for these gender differences. Based on data collected from 1,659 college students who had had sexual intercourse, we found that men reported experiencing more pleasure and anxiety than did women, whereas men reported experiencing less guilt than did women. Men's greater subjective pleasure in response to first intercourse was explained, in part, by their greater likelihood of having an orgasm. Similar gender differences in emotional reactions were found regardless of the stage and length of the relationship in which first intercourse occurred; both genders reported more pleasure, more anxiety, and less guilt when sex occurred in a close relationship than in a casual one. However, continuing.
The loglinear modeling of interstate migration: some additional considerations.

The authors comment on an article by Jerald R. Herting David B. Grusky and Stephen E. Van Rompaey on interstate migration streams in the United States. In particular they put forward suggestions for expanding the model introduced in the original article and present some alternative interpretations. A reply by the authors of the original article is included (pp. 907-13). (ANNOTATION)
A Tradeoff Between Single-User and Multi-User MIMO Schemes in Multi-Rate Uplink WLANs

Due to high spectral-efficiency of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission techniques, IEEE 802.11n WLAN system adopted a single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) scheme in which multiple symbol streams are transmitted from a single station (STA) to enhance the system performance. On the other hand, recently, adoption of a multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) scheme for multi-packet reception (MPR) in uplink WLAN has also attracted attention. The SU-MIMO scheme achieves a MIMO multiplexing gain at physical (PHY) layer while the MU-MIMO scheme achieves a MIMO multiplexing gain at medium access control (MAC) layer. Thus, there is a fundamental question which scheme is a better solution for uplink WLANs and, in this paper, we analyze and compare these two schemes with random STA distribution scenarios. Moreover, with the adaptation of MAC layer parameters, we also analyze and compare the maximum throughput performance of both the SU- and MU-MIMO schemes in uplink WLANs and we find a proper decision criterion to select the MIMO mode in uplink WLANs.
Toxicity and efficacy of defined doses of CD4(+) donor lymphocytes for treatment of relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplant.

Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) can induce remissions in patients who have relapsed after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). However, DLI frequently also result in significant acute and/or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Several clinical and experimental lines of evidence have suggested that CD8(+) T cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of GVHD. To develop methods to reduce the incidence of GVHD associated with DLI, we administered defined numbers of CD4(+) donor T cells after ex vivo depletion of CD8(+) lymphocytes to 40 patients with relapsed hematologic malignancies after allogeneic BMT. Cohorts of patients received 0.3, 1.0, or 1.5 x 10(8) CD4(+) cells/kg. Overall, 12 of 38 patients (32%) evaluable for toxicity developed acute or chronic GVHD. However, 6 of 27 patients (22%) receiving 0.3 x 10(8) CD4 cells/kg developed GVHD compared with 6 of 11 patients (55%) who received >/=1.0 x 10(8) CD4 cells/kg (P = .07). Treatment-related mortality was low (3%), with 1 death related to infection in the setting of immunosuppression for GVHD. Disease responses after CD4(+) DLI were documented in 15 of 19 patients (79%) with early-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) relapse, 5 of 6 patients (83%) with relapsed multiple myeloma, and 1 patient with myelodysplasia. For patients with early-phase CML relapse, the Kaplan-Meier probability of achieving complete cytogenetic remission was 87% and the probability of complete molecular response was 78% at 1 year after DLI. The median time to complete cytogenetic response and molecular response in patients with CML was 13 weeks (range, 9 to 30 weeks) and 34 weeks (range, 10 to 56 weeks), respectively. The median time to response in patients with multiple myeloma was 26 weeks (range, 15 to 62 weeks). All patients in this trial who developed GVHD demonstrated tumor regression, but the presence of GVHD was not required for patients to achieve a response, because 48% of responding patients never developed evidence of GVHD. Two patients with CML who did not respond at dose level 1 subsequently achieved complete cytogenetic remission after a second infusion of CD8-depleted cells at dose level 2. In patients with evidence of mixed hematopoietic chimerism who achieved a complete remission after DLI, cytogenetic analysis of marrow cells also demonstrated conversion to complete donor hematopoiesis in all evaluable patients. These studies suggest that relatively low numbers of CD8-depleted donor lymphocytes are effective in inducing complete remissions in patients with stable-phase CML and multiple myeloma who have relapsed after allogeneic BMT. Because of the relatively low risk of toxicity associated with the infusion of defined numbers of CD4(+) donor cells, further studies can be undertaken in the setting of persistent minimal residual disease to prevent relapse after allogeneic BMT.
Augmenting the Theory of Planned Behavior: Roles for Anticipated Regret and Descriptive Norms

Ajzen (1991) invited researchers to identify additional predictors of intentions and behavior after the effects of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control from the theory of planned behavior (TPB) have been taken into account. Findings from 3 correlational studies showed that anticipated regret and descriptive norms contributed substantial variance in intentions to play the lottery after the theory's predictors had been controlled. Study 4 used an experimental manipulation to confirm that anticipated regret increased intentions to play. Intentions were found to predict lottery play to a similar extent as other behaviors. Importantly, however, anticipated regret moderated the intention-behavior relation such that lottery play was greatest when participants both intended to play and anticipated regretting not playing.
A Continuous Speech Recognition Evaluation Protocol for the AVICAR Database

The use of speech recognition in automotive environments has received increased attention in recent times. Unfortunately, evaluations of algorithms designed to improve recognition performance in this environment have been performed on differing data collections, making results difficult to compare. In recent years, the University of Illinois released a large in-car audio and visual data collection known as AVICAR ("audio-visual speech in a car") [1]. The AVICAR database is freely available, but to date no uniform evaluation protocol on which to perform experiments has been reported. This paper introduces a speaker-independent, continuous speech recognition evaluation protocol for the audio data of the AVICAR database. It is designed to allow for model adaptation, evaluation and testing using native English speakers. Baseline recognition results obtained using this protocol are also presented.
Changing relationships: the impacts of a school's closure on rural families

Through the use of semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 22 of residents of Limerick, Saskatchewan, in this article we use social ecological theory to examine the impacts of a rural school's closure on the lives of rural families. The findings show that leisure-related school activities developed and maintained valued interpersonal relationships between parents, children and the broader community; however, since the school's closure, relationships within the community have shifted. As a result, rural families have experienced a sense of disconnection from their community and family, but have also established new relationships and social activities in outlying communities. This article thus demonstrates the complex ways in which both the presence and absence of school-based leisure activities can impact families and their relationships within rural communities.
International Human Rights and Local Justice in Guatemala

This article is an ethnographic account of the various stages of a trial of local army collaborators accused of perpetrating massacres of civilians. The defendants were municipal-level paramilitaries; the complainants were survivors, and the prosecution was conducted by the state. International human rights lawyers used evidence from these cases to build a national-level case for the prosecution of the intellectual authors of state violence, but did not provide assistance for the prosecution of the local-level material authors. The case is used to highlight some of the tensions between the interests of communities and the practitioners of international human rights law, in the context of both groups’ efforts to hold a criminal state accountable. The author argues that, in some cases, local-level trials are an essential component to postwar community reconstruction and that these cases should receive support from the international human rights community.
Do feedback diagrams promote learning in macroeconomics

This article describes the value added by a stock-and-flow feedback diagram to text-only instruction in macroeconomics. The experiment was motivated by a prior study in which the use of graphs to teach macroeconomics was no more effective than verbal instruction alone. Here, in contrast, students using the feedback diagram showed more improvement in post-test scores than those who received only narrative instruction.