Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Social Validation and Coping Model of Organizational Identity Development

Considerable research has explored the variables that affect the success of newcomer on-boarding, socialization, and retention. We build on this research by examining how newcomer socialization is affected by the degree to which newcomers’ peers and leaders provide them with positive feedback. We refer to newcomers’ perceptions of this feedback as “social validation. ” This study examines the impact of social validation from peers and leaders on the development of organizational identification over time and the turnover attitudes of new employees. We found that perceptions of social validation significantly predicted how new employees used coping strategies to adapt to their new role over time, and consequently the development of identification and turnover intentions. Specifically, increased peer social validation predicted a greater use of positive coping strategies to engage with the new organization over time, and less use of disengagement coping strategies. In contrast, initial leader validation decreased newcomers’ disengagement from the organization over time. These results highlight the role of the social environment in the workplace in temporally shaping and validating newcomers’ adaptation efforts during transitions.
Twin Pregnancy: A Clinical Study of 335 Cases

Abstract. In order to study the complications and therapeutic outcome of (twin pregnancies, a retrospective survey was carried out in the University Central Hospital of Oulu. Twin deliveries during 1965‐1973 numbered altogether 335, and their relative frequency was 1.7%. The deliveries took place in the 37.2th gestational week on an average. The mean weights of the infants were 2590 g (A) and 2562 g (B). Perinatal mortality in the total series was 9.3% (A 9.0% and B 9.6%). Pregnancy terminated before the 37th week in 29.2% of the cases. Perinatal mortality in this group was 27.0%, while the corresponding value in the full‐term group was 1.7%. The perinatal mortality of primigravidas (14.1%) was about twofold compared with that of the multi‐paras (7.2 %). Twin pregnancies were complicated by hyperemesis gravidarum, pre‐ec‐lampsia, anaemia, pyelonephritis and hepatosis more often than were the single pregnancies. The complications which contributed towards an increase of perinatal mortality included uterine bleeding in early and late pregnancy, hydramnion and superimposed pre‐eclampsia.
Numerical Simulation of Fluid-Structure Interaction for Tilting-Disk Mechanical Heart Valve

† In this study a fully coupled implicit fluid-structure-interaction (FSI) scheme has been utilized to investigate the existing tilting-disk mechanical heart valve (MHV) and a proposed design to increase flow quality. Vortex shedding, areas of recirculation with high shear, and high deformation rates are common in the current designs of tilting-disk MHVs, which contribute to the thrombogenicity of these devices. Based on the results of current FSI simulation of the tilting-disk MHV, a new design has been suggested, and comparison of the flow-fields and features important in clot formation are promising. In the proposed design, a number of gaps are inserted on the disk. These gaps are initially closed and subsequently open as the valve rotates toward its fully open position. The gaps stay open during the forward flow and only begin retracting when the leaflet starts moving back to its fully closed position. Inspection of the results reveals that the flow passing through the gaps washes the wakes away from the leaflet as intended and minimizes the separation region.
Linguistic practices and language attitudes of second-generation Italo-Australians

Abstract This article explores the role of Italian and Sicilian in the life of a second-generation woman of Sicilian origin. It examines her linguistic practices with family and friends through spontaneous conversations, interviews, and a language diary. The analysis focuses on language choice in relation to different interlocutors as indexical of her multiple identities, and on her language attitudes as they emerge implicitly in the conversations and explicitly in the interviews. The trends identified are explained in the light of the language ideologies prevailing in the Italo-Australian and Australian contexts, giving an insight into the prospects of language maintenance in the transition from second- to third-generation Italo-Australians.
Women's experience of lack of sexual desire in relationships, and implications for intervention

Sexual desire disorders are both the most common and the most challenging of all the sexual problems confronting practitioners. International statistics suggests that between 33% and 67% of women indicate low sexual interest (Brezsnyak & Whisman, 2004; Davies, Katz & Jackson, 1999; Hicks, 2006; Pridal & LoPicollo, 2000). Little if any attention has been paid to the subject of low sexual desire in women in South Africa, and the paucity of local research in the field of sexual disorders (Robinson, 2005) means that there is a need for local perspectives on the issue and for the development of local expertise in the realm of sexual health (Craig, 2002; Smit, 1997).
Structural and Semantic Matching for Assessing Web-service Similarity

The web-services stack of standards is designed to support the reuse and interoperation of software components on the web. A critical step in the process of developing applications based on web services is service discovery, i.e. the identification of existing web services that can potentially be used in the context of a new web application. Discovery through catalog-style browsing (such as supported currently by web-service registries) is clearly insufficient. To support programmatic service discovery, we have developed a suite of methods that assess the similarity between two WSDL (Web Service Description Language) specifications based on the structure of their data types and operations and the semantics of their natural language descriptions and identifiers. Given only a textual description of the desired service, a semantic information-retrieval method can be used to identify and order the most relevant WSDL specifications based on the similarity of the element descriptions of the available specifications with the query. If a (potentially partial) specification of the desired service behavior is also available, this set of likely candidates can be further refined by a semantic structure-matching step, assessing the structural similarity of the desired vs the retrieved services and the semantic similarity of their identifiers. In this paper, we describe and experimentally evaluate our suite of service-similarity assessment methods.
Transcriptome analysis highlights preformed defences and signalling pathways controlled by the prAe1 quantitative trait locus (QTL), conferring partial resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches in Medicago truncatula.

To gain an insight into the molecular mechanisms of quantitative disease resistance in Medicago truncatula to the root-infecting oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches, we selected two near-isogenic lines (NILs), NR and NS, partially resistant and susceptible, respectively, differing in the allelic state of the quantitative resistance locus (QRL) prAe1 (partially resistant to A. euteiches 1). Complementary molecular and cytological phenotyping methods showed that prAe1 alone confers quantitative resistance to A. euteiches. Root and stem tissues were colonized in NS plants and 80% of NS plants died by 21 days post-inoculation (dpi). In contrast, A. euteiches mycelium was restricted to the root cortex and the spread of symptoms was arrested in aerial parts of NR plants. A transcriptome analysis performed at 0, 1 and 6 dpi identified 1198 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NR and NS lines. More than 87% of the DEGs were significantly more expressed in NR. The highest number of DEGs was found in control conditions, with 723 genes over-expressed in NR versus 85 in NS. Genes belonging to secondary metabolism, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and kinases were significantly enriched. The significant role of the flavonoid pathway in resistance was corroborated by the detection of larger amounts of flavonoids in NR roots and the inhibition of A. euteiches zoospore germination by 2'-O-methyl-isoliquiritigenin, a compound synthesized by enzymes specifically induced in NR. Our study revealed that prAe1-dependent resistance relies mainly on the constitutive expression of defence-related pathways and signalling elements, which can be re-amplified in later time points of the infection.
tossm: an R package for assessing performance of genetic analytical methods in a management context

tossm (Testing of Spatial Structure Methods) is a package for testing the performance of genetic analytical methods in a management context. In the tossm package, any method developed to detect population genetic structure can be combined with a mechanism for creating management units (MUs) based on the genetic analysis. The resulting Boundary‐Setting Algorithm (BSA) dictates harvest boundaries with a genetic basis. These BSAs can be evaluated with respect to how well the MUs they define meet management objectives.
Human resource management and performance

The study of human resource management (HRM) has been invigorated by the promise that there is a best-practice, high-involvement management (HIM) that can guarantee superior organizational performance. None the less, there remain concerns that contingency theory still rules, that is, that the fit between the human resource systems and their context, and particularly the organization's business strategy, is all important and, thus, that HIM will only outperform other systems in certain circumstances. In the 1990s, there has been a spate of research that has sought to test whether HIM is indeed universally relevant. This paper reviews these studies. The paper first introduces the conceptual dimensions of the debate concerning HRM and performance. This shows that the issues go beyond a simple competition between universalism and contingency theory. There are more complicated hypotheses linking human resource practices beneath the surface of the recent literature. The second part of the paper overviews the studies in the light of these hypotheses, revealing that they present an uneven picture. Firstly, there are conceptual differences underlying the studies and, secondly, the results vary between them, and the effects of HIM vary between performance measures even in particular studies. Though a fair number of the studies claim to support universalism, their claims are not always unequivocally supported by their research evidence, and it is premature to conclude in its favour. If anything, there is more support for the ‘lean production’ argument that stresses the interaction effect between HIM and total quality management on performance.
Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness: The USE-IMT study

Background The relation of a single risk factor with atherosclerosis is established. Clinically we know of risk factor clustering within individuals. Yet, studies into the magnitude of the relation of risk factor clusters with atherosclerosis are limited. Here, we assessed that relation. Methods Individual participant data from 14 cohorts, involving 59,025 individuals were used in this cross-sectional analysis. We made 15 clusters of four risk factors (current smoking, overweight, elevated blood pressure, elevated total cholesterol). Multilevel age and sex adjusted linear regression models were applied to estimate mean differences in common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) between clusters using those without any of the four risk factors as reference group. Results Compared to the reference, those with 1, 2, 3 or 4 risk factors had a significantly higher common CIMT: mean difference of 0.026 mm, 0.052 mm, 0.074 mm and 0.114 mm, respectively. These findings were the same in men and in women, and across ethnic groups. Within each risk factor cluster (1, 2, 3 risk factors), groups with elevated blood pressure had the largest CIMT and those with elevated cholesterol the lowest CIMT, a pattern similar for men and women. Conclusion Clusters of risk factors relate to increased common CIMT in a graded manner, similar in men, women and across race-ethnic groups. Some clusters seemed more atherogenic than others. Our findings support the notion that cardiovascular prevention should focus on sets of risk factors rather than individual levels alone, but may prioritize within clusters.
Globalization and School Curriculum Change: Locating a Transnational Imaginary.

This essay discusses a number of issues that have arisen from some initial attempts to design a research project on the links between globalization and school curriculum change. This research is broadly concerned with the ways in which processes and effects of economic and cultural globalization are becoming evident in curriculum policies and school programmes, and expressed by teachers and students, with particular reference to the ways in which meanings that circulate in increasingly globalized media (such as television and the internet) are deployed in the construction of school knowledge. The author's particular interests are in the conceptual and methodological aspects of this research and, in this essay, an approach to conceptualizing globalization as a ‘transnational imaginary’ in curriculum work is outlined. Two contextual issues that might complicate efforts are then briefly explored to inquire into local expressions of this imaginary. The issues on which this essay focus are (1) global perspecti.
Sustained attention in children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury

We studied sustained attention in 64 subjects, 49 of whom had suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 15 who served as orthopedic controls. Subjects were required to respond to the appearance or disappearance of a star on a computer monitor, embedded in 250 stars. Results showed that subjects with TBI had lower accuracy than controls and a significant vigilance decrement. Severe TBI resulted in much greater attentional deficits, than mild injuries.
Interference with prior knowledge while writing from sources: Effects of working memory capacity

Writing from sources requires the processing of both external (documentary) and internal (long-term memory; LTM) sources of information, which can sometimes interfere with each other. We hypothesised that writers with high working memory (WM) capacity would resolve interference faster than those with low-capacity WM. However, results showed that writing pause duration was shorter for low-capacity writers. This result suggests that when WM resources are limited, access to domain knowledge in LTM is restricted, thereby avoiding interference between the two sources. Results are discussed within the broader context of text composition from sources and individual differences.
Semaphorin 3A blocks the formation of pathologic choroidal neovascularization induced by transforming growth factor beta

Objective Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a major cause of vision loss in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Previously, we demonstrated that semaphorin3A (Sema3A), which is a chemorepellent guidance molecule, inhibited the formation of retina neovascularization. In the present study, we investigated the antiangiogenic effects of Sema3A on transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in vitro and in vivo. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure the TGF-β levels in the vitreous humor of patients with AMD and controls. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used for the in vitro study, and a laser-induced CNV mouse model was prepared for the in vivo study. The HUVECs were incubated with TGF-β and Sema3A. The proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and tube formation of the cells were then measured using BrdU, Transwell, flow cytometry, and Matrigel assays, respectively, and the SMAD2/3 signaling pathways were analyzed using western blot analysis. The C57BL/6J mouse retina was exposed to a laser to induce choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and Sema3A was injected intravitreously. After 14 days, fundus fluorescein angiography was performed to evaluate the leakage area of the CNV. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and TGF-β concentrations in the retina-choroid complex were measured with ELISA. Components of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and SMAD2/3 signaling pathways in the Sema3A-treated groups were analyzed using western blotting. Results In this study, we first verified that the vitreous TGF-β level was higher in patients with neovascular AMD than in the controls. We also showed that Sema3A inhibited TGF-β-induced HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation and inhibited the downstream SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. Sema3A also induced TGF-β-stimulated HUVEC apoptosis and inhibited the response of TGF-β in vitro. In vivo, the TGF-β level was increased in the CNV mouse model. Sema3A not only inhibited laser-induced CNV formation but also inhibited the uptake of VEGF and TGF-β. In the western blot analysis, Sema3A was shown to inhibit the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK and to inhibit the SMAD2/3 signaling pathway after Sema3A treatment in CNV mice. Conclusions Sema3A can be applied as a useful, adjunctive therapeutic strategy for preventing CNV formation.
Evidence for Functional P2X4/P2X7 Heteromeric Receptors

The cytolytic ionotropic ATP receptor P2X7 has several important roles in immune cell regulation, such as cytokine release, apoptosis, and microbial killing. Although P2X7 receptors are frequently coexpressed with another subtype of P2X receptor, P2X4, they are believed not to form heteromeric assemblies but to function only as homomers. Both receptors play a role in neuropathic pain; therefore, understanding how they coordinate the cellular response to ATP is important for the development of effective pain therapies. Here, we provide biochemical and electrophysiological evidence for an association between P2X4 and P2X7 that increases the diversity of receptor currents mediated via these two subtypes. The heterologously expressed receptors were coimmunoprecipitated from human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, and the endogenous P2X4 and P2X7 receptors were similarly coimmunoprecipitated from bone marrow-derived macrophages. In HEK293 cells, the fraction of P2X4 receptors biotinylated at the plasma membrane increased 2-fold in the presence of P2X7 although there was no change in overall expression. Coexpression of a dominant-negative P2X4 mutant (C353W) with P2X7, inhibited P2X7 receptor mediated currents by greater than 2-fold, whereas a nonfunctional but non–dominant-negative mutant (S341W) did not. Coexpression of P2X4S341W with P2X7 produced a current that was potentiated by ivermectin and inhibited by 2′,3′-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5-triphosphate (TNP-ATP), whereas expression of P2X7 alone produced a current that was insensitive to both of these compounds at the concentrations used. These results demonstrate a structural and functional interaction between P2X4 and P2X7, which suggests that they associate to form heteromeric receptors.
Retrieval practice and testing improve memory in older adults

Background: Older adults have difficulty remembering detailed information from what they have read, despite maintaining relatively well preserved gist-level processing. However, an over-reliance on gist can result in vague and errorful encoding. Retrieval-based strategies using testing via free recall have been shown to be more effective for long-term memory retention of text details than additional study, a phenomenon known as the “testing effect”. Retrieval is thought to act as a secondary encoding, thus strengthening memory. Older adults would benefit then, from retrieval-based memory strategies that train efficient encoding of text information. These strategies to enhance memory in older adults can inform evidence-based treatment approaches for adults with acquired neurogenic communication disorders. Aims: The current study’s first aim was to compare the effects of two training techniques in healthy older adults for remembering details of unfamiliar expository texts: (1) Read Attentively, Summarise and Review (RASR), a retrieval-based technique that incorporates recall in the form of summaries at the paragraph level, and (2) Read and Reread Attentively (RARA), a massed-reading technique. We hypothesised that RASR would result in greater retention of details after a 24-hour delay than RARA. Our second aim was to investigate the effects of immediate recall testing after studying compared with no testing after studying. We hypothesised that immediate testing would result in superior retention of details after a 24-hour delay than no testing. Methods & Procedures: A total of 44 healthy older adults met eligibility criteria for the study and were randomly assigned to receive one of the techniques (RASR = 23; RARA = 21). There were three experimental conditions: (1) control-plus-test (passage was read once then tested immediately for recall), (2) study-plus-test (passage was studied using one of the techniques, RASR or RARA, then tested immediately for recall) and (3) study-no-test (passage was studied using RASR or RARA but was not tested until 24 hours later). Outcomes & Results: Results revealed that the RASR group remembered more information immediately and after a 24-hour delay than the massed rereading group RARA. Additionally, the RASR technique combined with an immediate post-study test was the most beneficial method for remembering passage details after a delay. Conclusions: Findings indicate that healthy older adults can improve memory for unfamiliar text details using retrieval-based methods. Incorporating summarisation and retrieval-based strategies into therapies with clinical populations should be considered.
Transnational Entrepreneurs: An Alternative Form of Immigrant Economic Adaptation

The recent literature on immigrant transnationalism points to an alternative form of economic adaptation of foreign minorities in advanced societies that is based on the mobilization of their cross-country social networks. Case studies have noted the phenomenon's potential significance for immigrant integration into receiving countries and for the economic development in countries of origin. Despite their suggestive character, these studies consistently sample on the dependent variable (trans-nationalism), failing to establish the empirical existence of these activities beyond a few descriptive examples and their possible determinants. These issues are addressed using a survey designed explicitly for this purpose and conducted among selected Latin immigrant groups in the United States. Although immigrant trans-nationalism has received little attention in the mainstream sociological literature so far, it has the potential of altering the character of the new ethnic communities spawned by contemporary immigration. The empirical existence of transnationalism is examined on the basis of discriminant functions of migrant characteristics, and the relative probabilities of engaging in these kinds of activities is established based on hypotheses drawn from the literature. Implications for the sociology of immigration as well as for broader sociological theories of the economy are discussed.