Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localization of the Major NF-κB-activating Site and the Sole TRAF3 Binding Site of LMP-1 Defines Two Distinct Signaling Motifs*

The TRAF3 molecule interacts with the cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus (COOH terminus) of the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded oncogene LMP-1. NF-κB activation is a downstream signaling event of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) molecules in other signaling systems (CD40 for example) and is an event caused by LMP-1 expression. One region capable of TRAF3 interaction in LMP-1 is the membrane-proximal 45 amino acids (188–242) of the COOH terminus. We show that this region contains the only site for binding of TRAF3 in the 200-amino acid COOH terminus of LMP-1. The site also binds TRAF2 and TRAF5, but not TRAF6. TRAF3 binds to critical residues localized between amino acids 196 and 212 (HHDDSLPHPQQATDDSG), including the PXQX(T/S) motif, that share limited identity to the CD40 receptor TRAF binding site (TAAPVQETL). Mutation of critical residues in the TRAF3 binding site of LMP-1 that prevents binding of TRAF2, TRAF3, and TRAF5 does not affect NF-κB-activating potential. Deletion mapping localized the major NF-κB activating region of LMP-1 to critical residues in the distal 4 amino acids of the COOH terminus (383–386). Therefore, TRAF3 binding and NF-κB activation occur through two separate motifs at opposite ends of the LMP-1 COOH-terminal sequence.
Effect of organic manure and biofertilizers on growth and yield of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.)

A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2020-21 tostudy the effect of organic manure and biofertilizers on growth and yield ofdill (Anethum graveolens L.). The eight treatment combinations of FYM,vermicompost and biofertilizers were tested in randomized block designwith three replications. Result indicated that organic manure andBiofertilizers significantly influenced growth and yield of dill. Significantly-1 -1highest biological yield (42.67 q ha )and seed yield (1.57 q ha ) with-harvest index (46.14%) were observed under treatment T7 [FYM (5 tonha1 -1 -1 -1) + Vermicompost (2 ton ha ) + Azotobacter (3 kg ha ) + PSB (5 kg ha )]compared to control. Findings suggested that application of biologicalfertilizers significantly increased seeds performance, biological yield perplant, plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, number of umbels per plant,number of seeds per umbel.
The Stationarity of Internet Path Properties: Routing, Loss, and Throughput

There is much interest in using network measurements for both modeling and operational purposes. In this paper we focus on the fundamental question of the stationarity of such measurements. That is, to what extent are past measurements a good predictor of the future? We used the NIMI infrastructure and a set of public traceroute servers to capture large measurement datasets of three quantities: routing, packet loss, and TCP throughput. We apply statistical tests to attempt to develop sound characterizations of the stationarity of these data sets, and discuss several types of nonstationarity.
Physical and chemical properties of tropical peat under stabilised land uses.

Land-use change has transformed large areas of tropical peatland into globally significant carbon sources. Associated changes in the properties of peat are important for soil processes including decomposition and nutrient cycling. To characterise the changes induced by stabilised land uses, we studied the physical and chemical properties of peat from four land management conditions (undrained and drained forest, degraded land, and managed agricultural land). Peat was sampled from depths of 10–15 cm, 40–45 cm, 80–85 cm and 110–115 cm then partitioned into woody (Ø >1.5 mm), fibric (Ø 0.15–1.5 mm) and amorphic (Ø < 0.15 mm) fractions. Bulk density and total concentrations of ash, C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Na, Al, Fe, S and Si were determined. There were clear differences between land uses in the characteristics of surface peat down to the 40–45 cm layer, the primary differences being between forested and open sites. Due to smaller particle sizes, the bulk density of peat was higher at the open sites, where Ca and Mg concentrations were also higher but N and P concentrations were lower. Changes in drainage and vegetation cover had resulted in differing outcomes from decomposition processes, and the properties of fire-impacted peats on the open sites had undergone extreme changes.
Human Capital SpillOvers Within the Workplace

Human Capital Spill-Overs Within the Workplace An individual’s human capital has a strong influence on earnings. Yet individual, worker-level estimations of earnings rarely include the characteristics of co-workers or detailed firm-level controls. In this paper, we use a unique matched worker–workplace dataset to estimate the effect on own earnings of co-workers’ education. Our results, using the 1998 UK Workplace Employee Relations Survey, show significant effects. Own earnings premia fall slightly, but there is an independent, significantly positive effect from average workplace education. We also test for interactions between own and co-worker education levels. However, these interactions appear negative: education is valued less highly at workplaces where education levels are already high. This result runs counter to our theoretical prediction. JEL Classification: I2, J4
The metabolically healthy but obese phenotype is associated with lower plasma levels of persistent organic pollutants as compared to the metabolically abnormal obese phenotype.

CONTEXT Although obesity is strongly linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, a subset of obese individuals termed metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) appears relatively protected from the development of cardiometabolic complications. The origins of this metabolically healthy phenotype remain unclear. Recently, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have emerged as potential endocrine disruptors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the MHO phenotype presents lower circulating levels of POPs as compared to the metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) phenotype. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 76 nondiabetic obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2)) postmenopausal women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma concentrations of 21 POPs as well as cardiometabolic risk factors were analyzed. RESULTS For similar age, body mass index, and fat mass index, MHO women (n = 40) showed higher insulin sensitivity levels and a more favorable cardiometabolic profile than MAO women (n = 36), as evidenced by a 2-fold increase in glucose disposal rates measured by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (P = .001). Among 18 detectable pollutants measured, MAO women had higher plasma concentrations of 12 POPs (fold increase, 1.4-2.9; P < .001-.036). Logistic regression analyses showed that the prevalence of the MAO phenotype was significantly associated with higher levels of total dioxin- and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (odds ratio, 4.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-12.5; P = .002), as well as trans-nonachlor (odds ratio, 6.1; 95% CI, 2.2-16.4; P < .001). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the metabolically healthy and abnormal phenotypes have distinct plasma POP profiles.
Joint Word Segmentation and POS Tagging Using a Single Perceptron

For Chinese POS tagging, word segmentation is a preliminary step. To avoid error propagation and improve segmentation by utilizing POS information, segmentation and tagging can be performed simultaneously. A challenge for this joint approach is the large combined search space, which makes efficient decoding very hard. Recent research has explored the integration of segmentation and POS tagging, by decoding under restricted versions of the full combined search space. In this paper, we propose a joint segmentation and POS tagging model that does not impose any hard constraints on the interaction between word and POS information. Fast decoding is achieved by using a novel multiple-beam search algorithm. The system uses a discriminative statistical model, trained using the generalized perceptron algorithm. The joint model gives an error reduction in segmentation accuracy of 14.6% and an error reduction in tagging accuracy of 12.2%, compared to the traditional pipeline approach.
BEYOND 2020 — STRATEGIES AND COSTS FOR TRANSFORMING THE EUROPEAN ENERGY SYSTEM

The Energy Modeling Forum 28 (EMF28) study systematically explores the energy system transition required to meet the European goal of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 80% by 2050. The 80% scenario is compared to a reference case that aims to achieve a 40% GHG reduction target. The paper investigates mitigation strategies beyond 2020 and the interplay between different decarbonization options. The models present different technology pathways for the decarbonization of Europe, but a common finding across the scenarios and models is the prominent role of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. In particular, wind power and bioenergy increase considerably beyond current deployment levels. Up to 2030, the transformation strategies are similar across all models and for both levels of emission reduction. However, mitigation becomes more challenging after 2040. With some exceptions, our analysis agrees with the main findings of the "Energy Roadmap 2050" presented by the European Commission.
Relationship between left atrial tissue structural remodelling detected using late gadolinium enhancement MRI and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with atrial fibrillation.

AIMS Therapeutic effectiveness of ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is related to cardiovascular comorbidities. We studied the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and left atrial tissue structural remodelling (LA-SRM), in patients presenting for AF ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified 404 AF patients who received a late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-MRI) prior to catheter ablation. Left ventricular hypertrophy was defined as LV mass index >116 g/m(2) in men and >104 g/m(2) in women. One hundred and twenty-two patients were classified as the LVH group and 282 as the non-LVH group. We stratified patients into four stages based on their degree of LA-SRM (minimal, <5% fibrosis; mild, >5-20%; moderate, >20-35%; and extensive, >35%). All patients underwent catheter ablation with pulmonary vein isolation and posterior wall and septal debulking. The procedural outcome was monitored over a 1-year follow-up period. The mean LA-SRM was significantly higher in patients with LVH (19.4 ± 13.2%) than in non-LVH patients (15.3 ± 9.8%; P< 0.01). Patients with LVH generally had extensive LA-SRM (moderate and extensive stages; 38.5% of LVH group) as compared with non-LVH patients (23.1% of non-LVH group; P < 0.01). A Cox regression analysis showed that patients with LVH also had significantly higher AF recurrence rates than non-LVH patients (43.2 vs. 28%; P = 0.008) during the 1-year follow-up period post-ablation. CONCLUSION Patients with LVH tend to have a significantly greater degree of LA-SRM, when compared with patients without LVH. Moreover, LA-SRM is a predictor for procedural success in patients undergoing AF ablation procedure.
Short- and long-term effects of erythropoietin treatment on endothelial progenitor cell levels in patients with cardiorenal syndrome

Objective Patients with cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) have high cardiovascular morbidity. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) constitute an endogenous vascular repairsystem, protecting against atherosclerosis development. Erythropoietin (EPO) treatment may have beneficial effects by mobilizing EPC from the bonemarrow. Our objective is to determine EPC levels and effects of EPO therapy on EPC levels in CRS patients. Design Open-label randomized trial. Setting Part of the EPOCARES-trial, conducted in Utrecht (Netherlands). Patients Patients with CRS and anaemia and healthy controls were included. Interventions Patients were randomized to receive EPO therapy (50 IU/kg/wk) for 52 weeks or no EPO therapy. Main outcome measures CD34+KDR+-EPC, cultured EPC outgrowth and function at baseline, after 18 days and after 52 weeks. Results Patients showed lower CD34+KDR+-cell numbers compared to controls (6(12) vs. 19(19) cells/105 granulocytes; p=0.010), despite increased levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1α; (3.1(0.8) vs 2.6(0.3) ng/ml; p=0.001). EPC outgrowth and function were not different between patients and controls. EPC levels did not change after 18 days with or without EPO treatment. CD34+KDR+-cells significantly declined after 52 weeks in the non-treated group (p=0.028). Long-term EPO therapy did not significantly affect this reduction in CD34+KDR+-EPC levels. Conclusions CRS patients showed reduced CD34+KDR+-EPC levels compared to controls, consistent with a reduced vascular regenerative potential and despite upregulated SDF-1α levels. Over a one-year follow-up period a marked 68% further reduction in EPC levels was observed in the patient group without EPO treatment. In spite of promising experimental studies, our longitudinal, randomized study did not show significant influence of either short- or long-term EPO therapy on reduced EPC levels in CRS patients.
Enzymatic characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila complex by the API ZYM system

Enzymatic characterization of 48 Aeromonas hydrophila complex isolates from various sources was determined with the API ZYM system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.). All isolates lacked valine and cystine aminopeptidases, chymotrypsin, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-fucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, and beta-glucuronidase but possessed caprylate esterase-lipase, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, phosphoamidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosidase. Variability was found in the presence of alkaline phosphatase, butyrate esterase, myristate lipase, trypsin, beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase, and beta-glucosidase. No significant differences were evident among the enzymatic profiles of isolates from various sources.
Dynamic Feature Selection for Dependency Parsing

Feature computation and exhaustive search have significantly restricted the speed of graph-based dependency parsing. We propose a faster framework of dynamic feature selection, where features are added sequentially as needed, edges are pruned early, and decisions are made online for each sentence. We model this as a sequential decision-making problem and solve it by imitation learning techniques. We test our method on 7 languages. Our dynamic parser can achieve accuracies comparable or even superior to parsers using a full set of features, while computing fewer than 30% of the feature templates.
Fintech-Based Financial Inclusion in Bangladesh

Financial inclusion, especially the adoption of fintech, has emerged as a crucial avenue for removing the financial access divides in developing countries, including Bangladesh. Following the comprehensive analysis, this article intends to outline Bangladesh's recent experiences with fintech-based financial inclusion, identify the short-comings and hence make policy suggestions. Being a descriptive research, cross-sectional and observational research approaches are applied for the explanatory analysis of secondary data. Results suggest an urban-rural gap in the implementation of digital financial services, with urban areas consistently having higher rates of fully online branches and a greater number of financial machines. Despite this, the sharp rise in the issuance of active cards is a positive sign suggesting an expansion of consumer base and an adoption of electronic modes of payment. Moreover, inter-bank electronic fund transfers and online banking have experienced increasing uptake, revealing a progressing trend towards digital transactions within the banking industry. Additionally, the study identifies a speedy growth in the number of mobile financial services accounts in both urban and rural areas. This study adds to the exchange of ideas regarding financial inclusion by carrying out a detailed study of Bangladesh's digital financial transformation, exemplifying the accomplishments, obstacles, and future research directions. It highlights the need for targeted policies and ongoing research efforts to build inclusive financial systems to serve the entire society’s interest. Nevertheless, the observations will have both theoretical and practical significance, contributing towards building capability in harnessing technology for sustainability, community uplifting, and shaping a brighter future.
p75NTR and Trk receptors are expressed in reciprocal patterns in a wide variety of non‐neural tissues during rat embryonic development, indicating independent receptor functions

The p75 kDa neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) has been detected in a number of non‐neural tissues, especially during development. Reports of Trk receptor transcripts in non‐neural tissues raise the possibility that the sites of p75NTR expression during development may correlate with Trk receptor expression. Coexpression of p75NTR with the Trk receptors in developing non‐neural tissues would support the hypothesis that there is a cooperative function between the two receptor subclasses. To address these questions, p75NTR was localized relative to the three known Trk receptors in adjacent sections of rat embryos at stages of development when the highest levels of p75NTR have been observed in the muscle, maxillary pad, kidney, and lung. Using in situ hybridization and immunhistochemical analyses, we show here that the Trk receptors are expressed extensively in non‐neural tissues during cell differentiation and tissue morphogenesis but in patterns that are generally reciprocal to that of p75NTR. The results indicate p75NTR most likely functions independently of the Trk receptors in most developing non‐neural tissues. However, the p75NTRconsistently appears in non‐neural cells adjacent to those expressing Trk receptors. The reciprocal patterns of expression indicate that the separate activities of the two receptors most likely complement each other in regulating cell‐cell interactions important for the innervation of developing non‐neural tissues. J. Comp. Neurol. 391:407–428, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attributions and Adjustment Following Child Sexual and Physical Abuse

Individuals who experience child physical or sexual abuse are at greater risk for adjustment problems. However, the heterogeneity of symptomatology observed across individuals following child abuse suggests that outcome is determined by multiple factors. The authors review literature examining the relationships among childhood physical or sexual abuse, attributions, and adjustment. Implications for application and future research are discussed.
Acute nocturnal akathisia induced by clozapine.

To the Editors: Akathisia, a subjective complaint of restlessness accompanied by observed movements of the legs, is one of the most disagreeable extrapyramidal side effects of medications and often causes noncompliance. Dopamine-blocking agents such as antipsychotics, antiemetics, and antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, may induce akathisia. The prevalence of akathisia in patients using classical antipsychotics is 20% to 75%, and for users of clozapine, it has been reported as 9% to 39%. This troublesome side effect has been associated with the exacerbation of psychotic symptoms, violent and suicidal behavior, and poorer treatment outcome, and is thought to be an important factor in treatment noncompliance in patients with schizophrenia. The purposeless motor activity characteristic of akathisia results from the loss of the tonic cortical dopaminergic inhibition of the locomotor system. A number of akathisia subtypes have been described: acute, withdrawal, tardive, and chronic. The relationship among the various subtypes of akathisia remains uncertain. To date, there is only a single case report of nocturnal akathisia induced by clozapine, and we are reporting another case of acute nocturnal akathisia induced by clozapine and its successful treatment by the use of h-blockers.
Sedimentological Characteristics of Lokoja Sandstone Exposed At Mount Patti, Bida Basin, Nigeria

Basal conglomerate, sandstones, siltstones, and ironstones were the major lithologic units in Mount Patti. They constitute part of the Campanian-Maastrichian Lokoja Formation exposed in the southern Bida Basin of Nigeria. Field Studies and Laboratory analyses were conducted on the sandstone samples to determine the provenance, depositional environment, mineralogical and textural characteristics of the Lokoja sandstone. The Granulometric studies of the deposit are medium to coarse-grained, poorly sorted, dominantly leptokurtic and positively skewed, indicative of river laid sediments. The mean grain size (0.85) suggests medium to high energy depositing stream for the sediments. Morphometric studies of pebbles showed variations in environment of deposition from fluvial to marine settings for the Lokoja sandstone. The scatter plots of maximum projection sphericity index (MPS.I) versus oblate – prolate index (O.P.I.) indicate river origin for the pebbles. The roundness versus elongation ratio (E.R) shows the same fluvial source. The mean roundness value (0.41) reflects angular to subrounded pebbles and short transportation history. Heavy mineral analysis revealed the presence of zircon, rutile, tourmaline, kyanite, sillimanite and opaques indicative of igneous and metamorphic sources, probably the southwest and northcentral Basement Complex terrains. The presence of ironstone, kaolinitic clays, laterite and the heavy mineral suite makes the area economically viable.
Cytoskeletal adaptivity regulates T cell receptor signaling

A stiffer cytoskeleton limits the responsiveness of naïve T cells; a flexible cytoskeleton enables easy activation of effector T cells. Controlling how a T cell hugs CD4+ T cells that have not encountered antigen are called naïve cells and require a stronger stimulus to become activated than do effector or memory CD4+ T cells, which have previously encountered antigen. Consequently, spurious activation of the naïve cells is prevented and effector cells can respond quickly to infection. Using atomic force microscopy and confocal imaging, Thauland et al. showed that naïve cells are stiffer than effector cells. Thus, the naïve cells made smaller and less involved contact regions with antigen-presenting cells. The decreased flexibility of the naïve cells resulted from diminished cofilin-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. These findings show that mechanical properties of T cells govern their interactions with antigen-presenting cells and suggest that pharmacological modulation of T cell stiffness could change the threshold for activation. The factors that govern T cell activation control the initiation and progression of adaptive immune responses. T cells recognize their cognate antigen on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through the T cell receptor, which results in the formation of a contact region (immune synapse) between the two cells and the activation of the T cells. Activated T cells proliferate and differentiate into effector T cells that secrete cytokines, provide help to B cells, and kill target cells. We asked whether the actin cytoskeleton governs differences in signaling in effector T cells versus naïve (unstimulated) T cells. Using atomic force microscopy and quantitative confocal microscopy, we found that naïve T cells had a mechanically stiffer cortical cytoskeleton than that of effector cells, which resulted in naïve cells forming smaller immune synapses with APCs. This suggests that the cytoskeletal stiffness of the T cell before it undergoes antigen stimulation predicts its subsequent dynamic engagement with APCs and its activation potential. Cytoskeletal rigidity depended on the activity of the actin-severing enzyme cofilin through a pathway requiring the small guanosine triphosphatase RhoA and the kinases ROCK (Rho-activated kinase) and LIMK. These findings suggest that the baseline cytoskeletal state controls T cell responses and that the underlying pathway could be a therapeutic target for modulating adaptive immunity.