Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type I interferons protect neonates from acute inflammation through interleukin 10–producing B cells

Newborns and infants are highly susceptible to viral and bacterial infections, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. We show that neonatal B cells effectively control the production of proinflammatory cytokines by both neonatal plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells, in an interleukin (IL) 10–dependent manner, after Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 triggering. This antiinflammatory property of neonatal B cells may extend to other TLR agonists (Pam3CSK4, lipopolysaccharide, and R848) and viruses. In the absence of B cells or of CD5+ B cell subsets, neonatal mice developed stronger inflammatory responses and became lethally susceptible to CpG challenge after galactosamine sensitization, whereas wild-type (WT) mice were resistant. Paradoxically, interferon (IFN)-α/β enhanced the inflammatory response to CpG challenge in adult mice, whereas they helped to control neonatal acute inflammation by stimulating the secretion of IL-10 by neonatal B cells. Finally, WT neonatal B cells rescued IL-10−/− neonates from a lethal CpG challenge, whereas IFN-α/β receptor–deficient B cells did not. Our results show that type I IFNs support a negative regulatory role of neonatal B cells on TLR-mediated inflammation, with important implications for neonatal inflammation and infection.
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Exposure of mice to the anesthetic gas N2O evokes a prominent antinociceptive effect that is sensitive to antagonism by non-selective NOS inhibitors. The present study was conducted to identify whether a specific NOS isoform is implicated in N2O antinociception in mice. In the abdominal constriction test, exposure of mice to 25%, 50% and 70% N2O resulted in a concentration-dependent antinociceptive effect that persisted for up to six min following removal of the mice from the N2O atmosphere into room air. This N2O antinociceptive effect was antagonized by pretreatment with Smethyl-L-thiocitrulline (SMTC) and higher doses of L-N-(1-iminoethyl)ornithine (L-NIO), which reportedly inhibit the neuronal and endothelial isoforms of NOS, respectively. However, the N2O-induced antinociception was unaffected by pretreatment with low doses of either SMTC or L-NIO or by pretreatment with 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl4H-1,3-thiazine (AMT), which selectively inhibits inducible NOS. S.c. pretreatment with SMTC and L-NIO reduced brain NOS activity in a dose-dependent manner, while AMT had no such effect. Moreover, in blood pressure experiments, SMTC increased SBP in dose-unrelated fashion, whereas L-NIO showed an appreciably weaker but dose-related increase in SBP. The i.c. v. pretreatment with SMTC also reduced N2O antinociception and brain NOS activity without increasing of SBP. These results suggest that it is the neuronal isoform of NOS that is involved in mediation of the antinociceptive effect of N2O in the mice. This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. JPET Fast Forward. Published on April 29, 2003 as DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103. 049551 at A PE T Jornals on A ril 3, 2017 jpet.asjournals. org D ow nladed from
The effect of psychological factors on morality. the role of culture and moral foundations.

The main aim of this PhD research was to explore the cultural differences in moral judgment, moral behaviour, moral identity, and cultural values between Saudi Arabia and United Kingdom. Furthermore, I was interested in the psychological factors affecting morality in those two cultures. The first study aimed to achieve the following objectives: to understand people’s moral judgment in Saudi Arabia and the UK, to investigate whether and how personality traits and cultural values affect moral judgment in five moral foundations (harm avoidance, justice, ingroup, authority, purity), and to investigate whether personality traits and cultural values are related differently or similarly across Saudi and UK cultures. The findings of the study revealed that Saudi and British participants differed with regard to their foundation-specific moral judgments. Saudi participants were more likely to endorse moral foundations in the domains of intergroup relations, authority, and purity. However, there were no cross-cultural differences in the domains of harm avoidance and justice. Moreover, the results showed that the effect of personality traits and cultural values on morality varied. Harm and fairness foundations were predicted by personality traits while ingroup, authority, purity foundations were predicted by values.
Indeterminacy by underspecification

We examine the formal encoding of feature indeterminacy, focussing on case indeterminacy as an exemplar of the phenomenon. Forms that are indeterminately specified for the value of a feature can simultaneously satisfy conflicting requirements on that feature and thus are a challenge to constraint-based formalisms which model the compatibility of information carried by linguistic items by combining or integrating that information. Much previous work in constraint-based formalisms has sought to provide an analysis of feature indeterminacy by departing in some way from ‘vanilla’ assumptions either about feature representations or about how compatibility is checked by integrating information from various sources. In the present contribution we argue instead that a solution to the range of issues posed by feature indeterminacy can be provided in a ‘vanilla’ feature-based approach which is formally simple, does not postulate special structures or objects in the representation of case or other indeterminate features, and requires no special provision for the analysis of coordination. We view the value of an indeterminate feature such as case as a complex and possibly underspecified feature structure. Our approach correctly allows for incremental and monotonic refinement of case requirements in particular contexts. It uses only atomic boolean-valued features and requires no special mechanisms or additional assumptions in the treatment of coordination or other phenomena to handle indeterminacy. Our account covers the behaviour of both indeterminate arguments and indeterminate predicates, that is, predicates placing indeterminate requirements on their arguments.
Extracellular Enzymatic Activity of Endophytic Fungal Strains Isolated from Medicinal Plants

Endophytic fungi exhibit a complex web of interactions with host plants and have been extensively studied over the last several years as prolific sources of new bioactive natural products. Fungal enzymes are one of them which are used in food, beverages, confectionaries, textiles and leather industries to simplify the processing of raw materials. They are often more stable than enzymes derived from other sources. Enzymes of the endophytes are degraders of the polysaccharides available in the host plants. The use of simpler solid media permits the rapid screening of large populations of fungi for the presence or absence of specific enzymes. Fifty fungal strains, isolated from medicinal plants (Alpinia calcarata, Bixa orellana, Calophyllum inophyllum and Catharanthus roseus) were screened for extracellular enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, laccase, lipase, pectinase and protease on solid media. Sixty four percent of fungi screened for enzymes showed positive for lipase, 62% for amylase and pectinase, 50% showed for lipase, 32% showed for cellulase, 30% for laccase and only 28% showed positive for protease. The array of enzymes produced differs between fungi and often depends on the host and their ecological factors.
Embedded Weapons-Grade Tungsten Alloy Shrapnel Rapidly Induces Metastatic High-Grade Rhabdomyosarcomas in F344 Rats

Continuing concern regarding the potential health and environmental effects of depleted uranium and lead has resulted in many countries adding tungsten alloy (WA)-based munitions to their battlefield arsenals as replacements for these metals. Because the alloys used in many munitions are relatively recent additions to the list of militarily relevant metals, very little is known about the health effects of these metals after internalization as embedded shrapnel. Previous work in this laboratory developed a rodent model system that mimicked shrapnel loads seen in wounded personnel from the 1991 Persian Gulf War. In the present study, we used that system and male F344 rats, implanted intramuscularly with pellets (1 mm × 2 mm cylinders) of weapons-grade WA, to simulate shrapnel wounds. Rats were implanted with 4 (low dose) or 20 pellets (high dose) of WA. Tantalum (20 pellets) and nickel (20 pellets) served as negative and positive controls, respectively. The high-dose WA-implanted rats (n = 46) developed extremely aggressive tumors surrounding the pellets within 4–5 months after implantation. The low-dose WA-implanted rats (n = 46) and nickel-implanted rats (n = 36) also developed tumors surrounding the pellets but at a slower rate. Rats implanted with tantalum (n = 46), an inert control metal, did not develop tumors. Tumor yield was 100% in both the low- and high-dose WA groups. The tumors, characterized as high-grade pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas by histopathology and immunohistochemical examination, rapidly metastasized to the lung and necessitated euthanasia of the animal. Significant hematologic changes, indicative of polycythemia, were also observed in the high-dose WA-implanted rats. These changes were apparent as early as 1 month postimplantation in the high-dose WA rats, well before any overt signs of tumor development. These results point out the need for further studies investigating the health effects of tungsten and tungsten-based alloys.
Algebraic Transformations of Gauss Hypergeometric Functions

This article gives a classification scheme of algebraic transformations of Gauss hypergeometric functions, or pull-back transformations between hypergeometric differential equations. The classification recovers the classical transformations of degree 2, 3, 4, 6, and finds other transformations of some special classes of the Gauss hypergeometric function. The other transformations are considered more thoroughly in a series of supplementing articles.
English Passive Alternation by Saudi EFL Students

This study examines Saudi Arabian EFL students in relation to alternating, and non-alternating passive verbs. This study also considers factors related to the mastering of alternating / non-alternating verbs by (40) Saudi student participants related to correct/incorrect usage of alternating / non-alternating verbs by Saudi Arabian EFL student participants in a Grammaticality Judgment Task (GJT). The results of this study demonstrate that participants scored a satisfactory mean score of correct answers in the usage of alternating verbs (79%). On the other hand, this study demonstrates that the (40) Saudi EFL student participants achieved a total mean score of (48%) for non-alternation verbs. This study then considers possible causes for correct usage of alternating verbs and proposes to identify elements which relate to correct transfer by the (40) Saudi EFL student participants. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the over-generalizing of the passivisation rule for verbs that do not alternate resulted in improper usage. Lastly, this study indicates that a similarity between the construction of the non-causative and passive construction gives rise to improper understanding of English Passive Alternation by Saudi EFL student participants.
Тhe Dark Triad, Amorality, and Impulsivity

The ongoing research on socially toxic behaviors has been dominated by the Dark Triad approach. However, there are other theoretical approaches on antagonistic personalities that are not incepted by the Dark Triad approach. The goal of the present study was to investigate empirical overlap between the Dark Triad and Amorality constructs. Our data indicated that there is a substantial overlap between the two constructs, save for the Narcissism component of the Dark Triad which is somewhat distinct from the common Dark Triad/Amorality space. When Impulsivity was included into the analyses it disjointed the relatively monolithic Dark Triad/Amorality structure that was observed by the earlier analysis; indicating that the Dark Triad and Amorality do not unreservedly belong to the same measurement space. Thus, theoretically and empirically separable traits (amalgamated in the Drak Triad, Amorality, and Impulsivity constructs) combine in an intricate fashion to form distinctive patterns of socially malignant behaviors.
Effects of a Kaolin-Based Particle Film on Obliquebanded Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Abstract Studies were conducted in 1997 to evaluate the effects of the kaolin-based particle film formulation M96–018 on adults, eggs, and larvae of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). Particle film treatments significantly reduced female longevity, mating success, and number of egg masses oviposited compared with moths on untreated apple leaves in sleeve-cage and screen-cage tests. No differences in mating success or oviposition were caused by the application rates and coverage density of M96–018 on foliage. Females avoided ovipositing on particle film-treated leaves in choice tests. Larval hatch was not affected by topical application or residual exposure to M96–018. Larval weight gain and pupal weight were significantly reduced and larval mortality increased in no-choice feeding tests with M96–018. In choice tests, larvae preferred to feed on untreated leaf surfaces. The negative effects on larval development and survivorship on M96–018-treated foliage did not differ across a fourfold difference in spray application rate. A significant reduction in the number of infested shoots was found in orchard trials when M96–018 was applied before bud break in late March compared with untreated trees. No reductions in larval densities were found compared with an untreated control following prebloom and postbloom applications.
CROSS-CORRELATION WEAK LENSING OF SDSS GALAXY CLUSTERS. I. MEASUREMENTS

This is the first in a series of papers on the weak lensing effect caused by clusters of galaxies in Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The photometrically selected cluster sample, known as MaxBCG, includes ∼130,000 objects between redshift 0.1 and 0.3, ranging in size from small groups to massive clusters. We split the clusters into bins of richness and luminosity and stack the surface density contrast to produce mean radial profiles. The mean profiles are detected over a range of scales, from the inner halo (25 kpc h−1) well into the surrounding large-scale structure (30 Mpc h−1), with a significance of 15 to 20 in each bin. The signal over this large range of scales is best interpreted in terms of the cluster-mass cross-correlation function. We pay careful attention to sources of systematic error, correcting for them where possible. The resulting signals are calibrated to the ∼10% level, with the dominant remaining uncertainty being the redshift distribution of the background sources. We find that the profiles scale strongly with richness and luminosity. We find that the signal within a given richness bin depends upon luminosity, suggesting that luminosity is more closely correlated with mass than galaxy counts. We split the samples by redshift but detect no significant evolution. The profiles are not well described by power laws. In a subsequent series of papers, we invert the profiles to three-dimensional mass profiles, show that they are well fit by a halo model description, measure mass-to-light ratios, and provide a cosmological interpretation.
Healthcare Data Mining: Prediction Inpatient Length of Stay

Data mining approaches have been widely applied in the field of healthcare. At the same time it is recognized that most healthcare datasets are full of missing values. In this paper we apply decision trees, Naive Bayesian classifiers and feature selection methods to a geriatric hospital dataset in order to predict inpatient length of stay, especially for the long stay patients
Constraint Dependency Grammars : SuperARVs , Language Modeling , and Parsing

Over the past ten years, we have been investigating the use of Constraint Dependency Grammar (CDG). This effort began shortly after Maruyama introduced the concept of a CDG (Maruyama, 1990b,c). In Maruyama’s original vision, grammar constraints were used to limit dependencies in the space of potential parses of a sentence to those that are valid. This vision of CDG was adapted by the speech group at Purdue University in order to address speech processing applications and by Menzel and his students at the University of Hamburg (Heinecke et al., 1998; Menzel, 1994, 1995, 1996; Schröder et al., 2000) for applications requiring grammar robustness, such as the diagnosis of grammar errors by second language learners. These two foci have had deep impacts on the way each of these labs has utilized CDG. This chapter focuses on our spoken language processing path.
Infant Feeding in Relation to Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Genetically Susceptible Children: The MIDIA Study

OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the association of breast-feeding duration and age at the introduction of solid foods with the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Newborns were recruited from the Norwegian general population during 2001–2007. After genetic screening of nearly 50,000 newborns, 908 children with the high-risk HLA genotype were followed up with blood samples and questionnaires at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and then annually. Complete infant diet data were available for 726 children. RESULTS Any breast-feeding for 12 months or longer predicted a decreased risk of developing type 1 diabetes compared with any breast-feeding for less than 12 months before and after adjusting for having a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes, vitamin D supplementation, maternal education, sex, and delivery type (hazard ratio 0.37 [95% CI 0.15–0.93]). Any breast-feeding for 12 months or longer was not associated with islet autoimmunity but predicted a lower risk of progression from islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes (hazard ratio 0.35 [95% CI 0.13–0.94]). Duration of full breast-feeding was not significantly associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes nor was age at introduction of solid foods or breast-feeding at the time of introduction of any solid foods. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that breast-feeding for 12 months or longer predict a lower risk of progression from islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes among genetically predisposed children.
Author ' s personal copy Effects of cortisol on emotional but not on neutral memory are correlated with peripheral glucocorticoid sensitivity of in fl ammatory cytokine production

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: Effects of cortisol on emotional but not on neutral memory are correlated with peripheral glucocorticoid sensitivity of inflammatory cytokine production a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Hydrocortisone Glucocorticoid sensitivity Inflammation Interleukin-6 Memory retrieval Emotion Human Double-blind placebo-controlled design Cortisol responses to stress have important physiological effects on several target tissues throughout the body, including the central nervous system and the immune system. The ability of target tissues to receive cortisol signals has been shown to vary between individuals and over time. Conflicting data exist on whether different target tissues' glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity is related. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, n=19 participants (n=15 men, n=4 women) received an oral dose of 30 mg of cortisol and placebo in randomized order. Memory retrieval of previously learned neutral and emotional words was tested after cortisol or placebo application. Peripheral GC sensitivity was tested by measuring in-vitro stimulated production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in whole blood before and after cortisol vs. placebo application. Cortisol treatment reduced retrieval of neutral and emotional words (marginally significant at p=0.07), and significantly reduced stimulated IL-6 production (pb 0.001). Relative suppression of IL-6 production was associated with impairment of memory retrieval of emotional (r=0.48; p= 0.039), but not neutral words (r=−0.17; p=0.48). In summary, results show an association of peripheral glucocorticoid sensitivity with emotional, but not neutral, memory retrieval. Given that these findings can be extended to clinical populations, the association of peripheral glucocorticoid sensitivity with emotional memory retrieval might have important implications for understanding and treatment of stress-related disorders. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are important not only as stress hormones but also in the regulation of non-stressed functioning of the organism. Cortisol released by the HPA axis impacts the central nervous system as well as the periphery of the body (e.g. Sapolsky et al., 2000). Recent evidence shows that there is a significant degree of variation in the effectiveness of glucocorticoid signaling between individuals or within individuals over time. However, little is known about the association of glucocorticoid sensitivity of different target tissues within the same individual. We don't know for example if glucocorti-coid responsive tissues in …
MOLECULAR HYDROGEN IN THE DISK OF THE HERBIG Ae STAR HD 97048

We present high-resolution spectroscopic mid-infrared observations of the circumstellar (CS) disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 97048 obtained with the VLT Imager and Spectrometer for the Mid-InfraRed. We conducted observations of mid-infrared pure rotational lines of molecular hydrogen (H2) as a tracer of warm gas in the disk surface layers. In a previous paper, we reported the detection of the S(1) pure rotational line of H2 at 17.035 μm, and argued that it is arising from the inner regions of the disk around the star. We used the VISIR on the VLT for a more comprehensive study based on complementary observations of the other mid-infrared molecular transitions, namely S(2) and S(4) at 12.278 μm and 8.025 μm respectively, to investigate the physical properties of the molecular gas in the CS disk around HD 97048. We do not detect either the S(2) line or the S(4) H2 line from the disk of HD 97048, but we derive upper limits on the integrated line fluxes which allows us to estimate an upper limit on the gas excitation temperature, Tex < 570 K. This limit on the temperature is consistent with the assumptions previously used in the analysis of the S(1) line, and allows us to set stronger constraints on the mass of warm gas in the inner regions of the disk. Indeed, we estimate the mass of warm gas to be lower than 0.1 MJup. We also discuss the probable physical mechanisms which could be responsible for the excitation of H2 in the disk of HD 97048.