Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beliefs of Health Care Providers, Lay Health Care Providers and Lay Persons in Nigeria Regarding Hypertension. A Systematic Mixed Studies Review

Background Hypertension is a major health risk factor for mortality globally, resulting in about 13% of deaths worldwide. In Nigeria, the high burden of hypertension remains an issue for urgent attention. The control of hypertension, among other factors, is strongly determined by personal beliefs about the illness and recommended treatment. Objective The aim of this review is to systematically synthesize available data from all types of studies on beliefs of the Nigerian populace about hypertension Methods We searched the following electronic databases; Medline, EMBase, PsycInfo, AMED from their inception till date for all relevant articles. A modified Kleinman’s explanatory model for hypertension was used as a framework for extraction of data on beliefs about hypertension. Results The search yielded a total of 3,794 hits from which 16 relevant studies (2 qualitative, 11 quantitative and 3 mixed methods studies) met the inclusion criteria for the review. Overall, most health care providers (HCPs) believe that stress is a major cause of hypertension. Furthermore, reported cut-off point for uncomplicated hypertension differed widely among HCPs. Lay Health Care Providers such as Patent Medicine Vendors’ beliefs about hypertension seem to be relatively similar to health care professionals in areas of risk factors for hypertension, course of hypertension and methods of treatment. Among Lay persons, misconception about hypertension was quite high. Although some Nigerians believed that life style habits such as alcohol intake, exercise levels, cigarette smoking were risk factors for developing hypertension, there was discordance between belief and practice of control of risk factors. However, beliefs across numerous ethnic groups and settings (urban/rural) in Nigeria have not been explored. Conclusion In order to achieve control of hypertension in Nigeria, interventions should be informed, among other factors, by adequate knowledge of beliefs regarding hypertension across the numerous ethnic groups in Nigeria, settings (rural/urban), age and sex.
The Cell Surface Receptor Tartan Is a Potential In Vivo Substrate for the Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase Ptp52F

ABSTRACT Receptor-linked protein-tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are essential regulators of axon guidance and synaptogenesis in Drosophila, but the signaling pathways in which they function are poorly defined. We identified the cell surface receptor Tartan (Trn) as a candidate substrate for the neuronal RPTP Ptp52F by using a modified two-hybrid screen with a substrate-trapping mutant of Ptp52F as “bait. ” Trn can bind to the Ptp52F substrate-trapping mutant in transfected Drosophila S2 cells if v-Src kinase, which phosphorylates Trn, is also expressed. Coexpression of wild-type Ptp52F causes dephosphorylation of v-Src-phosphorylated Trn. To examine the specificity of the interaction in vitro, we incubated Ptp52F-glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins with pervanadate-treated S2 cell lysates. Wild-type Ptp52F dephosphorylated Trn, as well as most other bands in the lysate. GST “pulldown” experiments demonstrated that the Ptp52F substrate-trapping mutant binds exclusively to phospho-Trn. Wild-type Ptp52F pulled down dephosphorylated Trn, suggesting that it forms a stable Ptp52F-Trn complex that persists after substrate dephosphorylation. To evaluate whether Trn and Ptp52F are part of the same pathway in vivo, we examined motor axon guidance in mutant embryos. trn and Ptp52F mutations produce identical phenotypes affecting the SNa motor nerve. The genes also display dosage-dependent interactions, suggesting that Ptp52F regulates Trn signaling in SNa motor neurons.
Who commits what? An evaluation of offenders convicted of domestic violence and sexual abuse in Iowa

The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the criminal histories of a cohort of offenders in Iowa who have been newly admitted to prison on a most serious domestic or sex offense. Moreover, addressing whether offenders convicted of domestic violence and sex abuse have intersecting, specialized, or versatile criminal histories. Data was collected from the Justice Data Warehouse and offenders newly admitted to prison during FY2015 on a most serious domestic violence or sex crime, as well as a matched comparison group, were assessed. Analyses by logistical regression and receiver operating characteristic curves examined the criminal histories of these offenders between FY2005-FY2015. Results showed that domestic violence offenders who had prior assault and drug possession histories were more likely to have their current conviction be for domestic violence. Similarly, sex offenders who had prior sex abuse histories were significantly more likely to have their current conviction be for sexual abuse. Current sex offenders also had prior burglaries and/or property offense histories as indicators of a sex conviction. As the findings implicated, while some domestic violence and sex offenders may be specialized, they too displayed versatile criminal histories with prior non-violent charges and convictions. Thus, knowledge can be provided to interested stakeholders on how to reassess offender treatment and prediction measures within Iowa’s criminal justice system. Overall, creating a system that acknowledges the predictive factors of prior charges and convictions, which will help to keep the most vulnerable victims and society safe.
PERCEIVED LOAFING AND COLLECTIVE EFFICACY 63 the relationship between perceived loafing and collective goal difficulty as hypothesized

This paper presents two studies investigating the influence of social perceptions (perceived loafing, collective efficacy, and cohesion) on group goal processes (difficulty and commitment) and group performance. The role of group goal processes as mediators of the relationships between social perception variables and group performance was also tested. The first study involved a sample of 247 college students in 59 groups working on a team interdependent, divisible academic task. Results supported all but one hypothesis. The mediation hypothesis was not supported as both group goal and social perception variables related similarly to group performance. The second study employed a different design to address some limitations of the first study and to extend those findings. Results from the second study, using 383 college students in 101 groups, were consistent with Study 1 with two exceptions. First, the mediation hypothesis was supported in Study 2, replicating the findings of Klein and Mulvey (1995). Second, anticipated lower effort and the sucker effect, additional intervening variables examined in Study 2, partially mediated
The Doubly Fed Induction Machine as an Aero Generator

Modern aircraft require a robust and reliable supply of electrical power to drive a growing number of high-power electrical loads. Generators are driven by a mechanical offtake from the variable speed gas turbine (GT), while a constant frequency ac network is preferred. Here, doubly fed induction machines are advantageous since they can be controlled, through a fractionally rated converter, to decouple electrical frequency from the mechanical drive speed, making control of the network frequency possible. However, the converter must be suitably rated, according to drive speed range, electrical voltage and frequency regulation, and power requirements. This paper develops and validates a simulation model of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) system, which is applied to find the power flow through the machine's stator and rotor connections over a wide mechanical speed range in order to size the converter. A field-orientated control scheme is implemented, to provide stand-alone voltage and frequency regulation across a drive range of ±40% synchronous speed, on a purpose-built 6.6-kW hardware test platform. Based on the mechanical speed range of an aero GT and the identified converter sizing, the suitability of a DFIG for aero applications is appraised. It is shown that a converter rated at 18% of full system rating can be used to meet the aircraft electrical specifications and offers a potential improvement in aircraft performance, with no additional mechanical components.
Enabling preemptive multiprogramming on GPUs

GPUs are being increasingly adopted as compute accelerators in many domains, spanning environments from mobile systems to cloud computing. These systems are usually running multiple applications, from one or several users. However GPUs do not provide the support for resource sharing traditionally expected in these scenarios. Thus, such systems are unable to provide key multiprogrammed workload requirements, such as responsiveness, fairness or quality of service. In this paper, we propose a set of hardware extensions that allow GPUs to efficiently support multiprogrammed GPU workloads. We argue for preemptive multitasking and design two preemption mechanisms that can be used to implement GPU scheduling policies. We extend the architecture to allow concurrent execution of GPU kernels from different user processes and implement a scheduling policy that dynamically distributes the GPU cores among concurrently running kernels, according to their priorities. We extend the NVIDIA GK110 (Kepler) like GPU architecture with our proposals and evaluate them on a set of multiprogrammed workloads with up to eight concurrent processes. Our proposals improve execution time of high-priority processes by 15.6x, the average application turnaround time between 1.5x to 2x, and system fairness up to 3.4x.
Influences of Age and Emotion on Source Guessing: Are Older Adults More Likely to Show Fear-Relevant Illusory Correlations?

OBJECTIVES The present study investigates age differences in the vulnerability to illusory correlations between fear-relevant stimuli and threatening information. METHOD Younger and older adults saw pictures of threatening snakes and nonthreatening fish, paired with threatening and nonthreatening context information ("poisonous" and "nonpoisonous") with a null contingency between animal type and poisonousness. In a source monitoring test, participants were required to remember whether an animal was associated with poisonousness or nonpoisonousness. Illusory correlations were implicitly measured via a multinomial model. One advantage of this approach is that memory and guessing processes can be assessed independently. An illusory correlation would be reflected in a higher probability of guessing that a snake rather than a fish was poisonous if the poisonousness of the animal was not remembered. RESULTS Older adults showed evidence of illusory correlations in source guessing while younger adults did not; instead they showed evidence of probability matching. Moreover, snake fear was associated with increased vulnerability to illusory correlations in older adults. DISCUSSION The findings confirm that older adults are more susceptible to fear-relevant illusory correlations than younger adults.
Family Conflict as a Mediator of Caregiver Strain

The present study used structural equation modeling to examine the potential mediating effect of family conflict on caregiver strain in a randomly drawn household sample of 650 adults with primary care responsibility for an adult age 50 or older with a mental disability. Caregiver strain was directly influenced by the conflict, disagreements, and hardships experienced by the caregiver's family. Specifically, family conflict was found to mediate the impact of care recipient mental impairment and caregiver educational level on caregiver strain, and mediate partially the impact of caregiver income and caregiver-care recipient relationship. Findings suggest the importance of considering family-centered approaches when designing interventions to assist family caregivers.
Do Performance-Based Funding Policies Affect Underrepresented Student Enrollment?

ABSTRACT More states are using performance-based funding (PBF) systems in an effort to incentivize public colleges to operate more effectively. Responding to concerns about equity, states are also adopting provisions that encourage colleges to serve more students who at risk of not completing college. In this paper, I examine whether PBF policies in general—and more specifically policies that have provisions designed to incentivize colleges to enroll underrepresented students—are associated with the number of lower-income, underrepresented minority, and adult students enrolled at four-year public colleges. Using a generalized difference-in-difference framework, I find little evidence that PBF systems as a whole meaningfully affect underrepresented student enrollment. However, the presence of bonuses for serving at-risk students appears to help mitigate any efforts to enroll a more advantaged student body that may be present in other PBF systems.
A Note on Quality Competition and Social Welfare in Markets with Partial Coverage

We study the social welfare optimum for a vertically differentiated duopoly under partial market coverage and variable costs. Costs are specified as linear in quantity and quadratic in quality. We demonstrate that the spread of product quality observed under a profit maximizing duopoly is too high, relative to the social welfare optimum. We also find that high quality firms in a duopoly will have higher profits but lower market shares than low quality firms, after quality and price competition is resolved. Finally, we demonstrate that the social welfare optimum results in greater total output than the duopoly and has both firms producing equal amounts.
Emotion Recognition in Children with Anxiety Disorders: Effects of Age, Subtype, and Gender

Objectives: It is unclear whether anxiety disorders are associated with children’s ability to recognize emotions. To elucidate this relationship, the effects of age, subtype, and gender were examined, which have been neglected in past studies. Methods: Sixty-three anxious children and 59 non-anxious children identified various emotions displayed by an animated character. Children also completed questionnaires measuring state anxiety and depressive/anxiety symptoms. Results: Anxious children generally did not have difficulty identifying emotions compared with non-anxious children. However, children with separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and young children with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) showed difficulty. Gender played a minimal role in emotion recognition, but anxious girls were less accurate in recognizing disgust when compared with anxious boys and nonanxious girls. Conclusion: Anxious children as a group may not exhibit difficulty in emotion recognition. When age and subtype factors are considered, however, children with SAD and young children with GAD exhibit some deficits.
Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Clinically significant anxiety and depression are common in patients with cancer, and are associated with poor psychiatric and medical outcomes. Historical and recent research suggests a role for psilocybin to treat cancer-related anxiety and depression. Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, 29 patients with cancer-related anxiety and depression were randomly assigned and received treatment with single-dose psilocybin (0.3 mg/kg) or niacin, both in conjunction with psychotherapy. The primary outcomes were anxiety and depression assessed between groups prior to the crossover at 7 weeks. Results: Prior to the crossover, psilocybin produced immediate, substantial, and sustained improvements in anxiety and depression and led to decreases in cancer-related demoralization and hopelessness, improved spiritual wellbeing, and increased quality of life. At the 6.5-month follow-up, psilocybin was associated with enduring anxiolytic and anti-depressant effects (approximately 60–80% of participants continued with clinically significant reductions in depression or anxiety), sustained benefits in existential distress and quality of life, as well as improved attitudes towards death. The psilocybin-induced mystical experience mediated the therapeutic effect of psilocybin on anxiety and depression. Conclusions: In conjunction with psychotherapy, single moderate-dose psilocybin produced rapid, robust and enduring anxiolytic and anti-depressant effects in patients with cancer-related psychological distress. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00957359
A Power-Efficient Duplex Communication System

A delay-insensitive inter-chip communication system is proposed that optimises pinand power-efficiency. When data is being transmitted bidirectionally, a data symbol passed in one direction is acknowledged by a data symbol passing in the other direction. When communication is unidirectional, a simple acknowledge protocol is used. If no data communication is taking place the system is quiescent. Either end may initiate communication, and the situation where both ends attempt to initiate communication at the same time is addressed and resolved in a way that is insensitive to the inter-chip delays.
A Heuristic Method for a Flexible Flow Line with Unrelated Parallel Machines Problem

The problem considered in this paper is a flexible flow line with multiple serial stages, where there are one or more unrelated parallel machines at each stage and there exists a bottleneck stage in the system. The objective of the scheduling problem is to minimize the total flow time of jobs. A heuristic method is proposed to solve the scheduling problem. It focuses on the bottleneck stage and a heuristic procedure is developed as part of the method to construct the schedule for the bottleneck stage. This is because the bottleneck stage may not be the first; the arrival time of jobs at the bottleneck stage may not be zero. A trial simulation is adopted to schedule the jobs at the stages ahead of the bottleneck stage so as to obtain the arrival time of jobs at the bottleneck stage. To evaluate the performance of the suggested method, the shortest processing time (SPT) dispatching rule is investigated for comparison purposes and computational experiments are performed on randomly generated test problems. Results show that the suggested method performs better than the SPT dispatching rule for various test problems
The similarity and Mutual Intelligibility between Amharic and Tigrigna Varieties

The present study has examined the similarity and the mutual intelligibility between Amharic and Tigrigna using three tools namely Levenshtein distance, intelligibility test and questionnaires. The study has shown that both Tigrigna varieties have almost equal phonetic and lexical distances from Amharic. The study also indicated that Amharic speakers understand less than 50% of the two varieties. Furthermore, the study showed that Amharic speakers are more positive about the Ethiopian Tigrigna variety than the Eritrean Variety. However, their attitude towards the two varieties does not have an impact on their intelligibility. The Amharic speakers’ familiarity to the Tigrigna varieties is largely dependent on the genealogical relation between Amharic and the two Tigrigna varieties.
The Influence of Interpersonal Communication Variables on Group Attraction and Group Communication Satisfaction.

This investigation explored the effects of the interpersonal communication concepts o f willingness to communicate, self-monitoring, and loneliness on the group outcomes of group attraction and group communication satisfaction. Using the Willingness to Communicate Scale (McCroskey, & Richmond, 1990), Lennox and Wolfe's (1984) Revised Self-monitoring Scale, the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, Peplau, & Cutrona, 1980), an adaptation of Byrne's (1969) original Interpersonal Judgment Scale, and an adaptation of Hecht's (1978) Communication Satisfaction Inventory, communication dispositions were analyzed in relationship to group attraction and group communication satisfaction. Consistent with expectations, the results show that loneliness mediated reported group communication satisfaction. Individuals who view themselves as lonely are less satisfied with group communication. Inconsistent with expectations, results show that willingness to communicate is not associated with group attraction or group communication satisfaction. Surprisingly, the results show that the self-monitoring dimension o f “ability to modify self-presentation” is negatively associated with group attraction; but the self-monitoring dimension of “sensitivity to expressive behavior” is not associated with either group outcome. Additionally, non-U.S. citizens are less attracted to their groups than U.S. citizens. Further, there was a significant increase in group attraction after the subjects engaged in group exercises that focused on communication. No matter what communication orientation, individuals like their groups more after communicating together in group exercises. Finally, the implications o f these findings for future research and application are discussed.
Renormalisation and computation II: time cut-off and the Halting Problem

This is the second instalment in the project initiated in Manin (2012). In the first Part, we argued that both the philosophy and technique of perturbative renormalisation in quantum field theory could be meaningfully transplanted to the theory of computation, and sketched several contexts supporting this view. In this second part, we address some of the issues raised in Manin (2012) and develop them further in three contexts: a categorification of the algorithmic computations; time cut-off and anytime algorithms; and, finally, a Hopf algebra renormalisation of the Halting Problem.
An Exploration of Teachers' Agency and Social Relationships within Dyslexia-Support Provision in an English Secondary School.

This article explores teachers’ experiences of dyslexia and classroom interventions via lesson observations and semi-structured interviews. These experiences were analysed through a Bourdieusien lens, based on Jenkins's ‘levels of interaction’, to delineate power relationships inherent in classroom interactions, teachers’ interactions with professionals and institutions, and mechanisms present in teachers’ conceptualisation of ‘self’. Through their conceptualisation of ‘self’ as ‘teachers of dyslexic young people’, it was found that teachers’ classroom interactions acted to reduce social distance between themselves and students. Internally and interactionally, teachers enacted agency and constructed their own social space, through their framing of young people with dyslexia and use of inclusive language with students. Institutionally, teachers were found to be subject to other professions and Government policy, lacking autonomy and capacity to distribute resources, despite their ‘symbolic capital’ as teachers. The ‘level of interaction’ determined teachers’ capacity to act autonomously and freely navigate their own social space.