Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Project Title Persistence and detection of norovirus , Salmonella and pathogenic Escherichia coli on basil and leafy greens

Under controlled conditions that realistically resembled environments existing in croplands and produce, this body of work conducted at the University of Delaware, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (ARS-EMFSL, Beltsville, MD), demonstrated the persistence windows of three critical pathogens of concern in the United States and Israel: Norovirus, Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli. The work added valuable information to the knowledge base regarding differences in growth conditions, seasonality, and environmental isolates. Outcomes of this work included observations that hydroponic growth conditions may pose a greater risk for virus contamination compared to plants grown in soil. Due to their small size, viruses can travel with stomata and through roots due in part to gutation and water flow. It is not yet known how long viruses can survive within plants. Salmonella survival on plant parts varied with season and weather conditions, and environmental E. coli varieties persisted on leafy greens and represent a reservoir for virulence genes. Bacterial pathogens interacted in different ways with different crops as shown by studies with environmental and outbreak isolates on leafy greens and herbs.
Accurate Determination of Energy Needs in Children and Adolescents With Cancer

Studies on children with cancer have suggested that energy expenditure may indeed be greater than predicted for healthy children. Nutritional assessment is important for intervention and for the prevention of complications associated with malnutrition. The present study aimed to describe the nutritional status, energy expenditure, and substrate utilization of children and adolescents with cancer compared to healthy children matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Subjects were evaluated by anthropometry, food intake pattern, and body composition analysis. Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry. Indirect calorimetry data, energy, and macronutrient intake, anthropometry, and body composition parameters showed no significant differences between groups. There was no evidence of increased energy expenditure or of a change in substrate utilization in children with cancer compared to the healthy group. The data regarding usual food consumption showed no significant differences between groups.
The Banana Distribution is Gaussian: A Localization Study with Exponential Coordinates

Distributions in position and orientation are central to many problems in robot localization. To increase efficiency, a majority of algorithms for planar mobile robots use Gaussians defined on positional Cartesian coordinates and heading. However, the distribution of poses for a noisy two-wheeled robot moving in the plane has been observed by many to be a “bananashaped” distribution, which is clearly not Gaussian/normal in these coordinates. As uncertainty increases, many localization algorithms therefore become “inconsistent” due to the normality assumption breaking down. We observe that this is because the combination of Cartesian coordinates and heading is not the most appropriate set of coordinates to use, and that the banana distribution can be described in closed form as a Gaussian in an alternative set of coordinates via the so-called exponential map. With this formulation, we can derive closed-form expressions for propagating the mean and covariance of the Gaussian in these exponential coordinates for a differential-drive car moving along a trajectory constructed from sections of straight segments and arcs of constant curvature. In addition, we detail how to fuse two or more Gaussians in exponential coordinates together with given relative pose measurements between robots moving in formation. These propagation and fusion formulas utilized here reduce uncertainty in localization better than when using traditional methods. We demonstrate with numerical examples dramatic improvements in the estimated pose of three robots moving in formation when compared to classical Cartesiancoordinate-based Gaussian fusion methods.
Searching for the biological basis of human mental abilitites. The relationship between attention and intelligence studied with P3

There is consensus that general intelligence is closely related to the efficiency of brain functioning. This idea has roots in Spearman’s theory of intelligence, and is later expanded by Cattell and Horn. Modern psychologists commonly believe that brain activity plays a central role in intelligence, but there is no commonly accepted theory in which this role is accurately described. The main aim of the experiments presented in the thesis was to investigate the relationship between fluid intelligence and the functioning of the neuronal correlates of the attention system. Brain activity was recorded using Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) methodology, in subjects distinguished by their score on psychometric tests of intelligence. Latency and amplitude of the P3 subcomponents of the ERP were used as indices of the early phase of attentional resource allocation The experimental outcomes support the thesis that the frontal and parietal cortical regions constitute the neuronal basis of human fluid intelligence. This is consistent with findings from previous electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies, suggesting that the brain activity within these regions differs significantly between subjects scoring ‘low’ and ‘high’ on tests measuring fluid intelligence. It has also been previously suggested that the same brain parts form the network are involved in attention mechanism. Due to this, it is proposed that the efficiency of the attention functioning can be closely related to fluid intelligence.
'I'd be unhealthy if nobody wanted me anymore': a sociological analysis of the relationship between ageing and health beliefs

This thesis is based upon life history and focus group interviews on the health beliefs of 26 older adults from Hull and surrounding areas. The research rationale is twofold. First, the area is relatively neglected. Second, it is posited that, whilst existing research reflects the idea that beliefs are constituted in the context of the relationship between the individual and society, its scope to explore issues of human agency is limited. The analytical framework adopted in this study is presented as a contribution towards redressing this imbalance by adopting a life course approach, thus helping to transcend the notion that agency and structure are separable. Interviewee agency is revealed in the way many draw upon a range of competing texts and narratives, much like books in a library, within biographical context, as competent social actors to create their own explanatory frameworks. The main finding is that imagined community (Anderson 1983) is the most common vocabulary of motive (Mills 1940) in the constitution of beliefs. Motivation, it is argued, is more a product of individuals drawing upon repertories of explanations in popular values and beliefs, rather than something which is innate and set apart from the social world. The motive of community appears most significant because beliefs tended to reflect a sense of an essential and moral self and a strong orientation towards reciprocal social relationships. The motive of community is, in large part, considered as imagined because it was often not possible to interact with other community members who included dead relatives, friends, famous and powerful people, and fictional characters from literature and TV. It is concluded that as well as reflecting the biographical contexts of interviewees, imagined community is made necessary by a society which subordinates. and excludes older adults.
Chorioretinal diffusion of peroxidase before and after photocoagulation.

To study chorioretinal diffusion mechanisms in the mammalian retina, the peroxidase tracer technique, electron microscopy, and photocoagulation were used in a series of Dutch rabbits. Xenon arc photocoagulation of the retina was carried out on one eye of each animal, and three weeks later peroxidase was injected into the ear vein. At selected time intervals thereafter, the animals were killed, and the eyes were processed for electron microscopy. In the nonphotocoagulated eyes, tracer material diffused rapidly from the choriocapillaris, passed through Bruch's membrane, filled the basal infoldings of the pigment epithelium, and extended into the intercellular space between the pigment epithelium cells until it was stopped at the external margin of the zonulae occludentes. In the photocoagulated retina, peroxidase passed from the choroid, extended through Bruch's membrane, and diffused through the intercellular spaces of the external scar cells. Although there was no evidence of a zonula occludens-type junction, no tracer material was observed close to or central to the internal limiting membrane during this study. Consideration is given to the physiologic implications of these observations and to the mechanisms of action of photocoagulation in certan retinal diseases.
Should the diagnosis of major depression be made independent of or dependent upon the psychosocial context?

Background The diagnosis of certain psychiatric syndromes (e.g. panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder) is crucially dependent on the psychosocial context in which they arise. For other syndromes (e.g. schizophrenia), the context is generally irrelevant. Should the diagnosis of major depression (MD) be made dependent upon or independent of the psychosocial context in which it occurs? Method Twins were selected from a population-based registry who, on personal interview, reported developing a full depressive syndrome either ‘out of the blue’ or in response to stressful life events (SLEs) rated objectively as having mild, low moderate, high moderate or severe long-term contextual threat (LTCT). Results In these depressed subjects, no relationship was found between the level of adversity associated with onset and most indices of liability to depression, including risk of MD in co-twin and parents, level of neuroticism, risk for future depressive episodes, co-morbidity with other internalizing disorders and history of sexual abuse. Compared to the remainder of this epidemiologic cohort, subjects developing depression in response to the severe threat events had substantially elevated levels of all the examined indices of liability to MD. Conclusions Individuals who develop a full depressive syndrome in response to high-threat events do not have an appreciably lower liability to MD than those developing depression after exposure to low adversity and have much higher liability to depression than observed in their population cohort. These results support the hypothesis that, in general, MD can be diagnosed independently of the psychosocial context in which it arises.
Comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus escape mutations in the major hydrophilic region of surface antigen

Escape mutations in the major hydrophilic region (MHR) of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are reported widely worldwide; these mutations lead to diagnostic problems, emergence of vaccine‐escape mutants, and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) therapy failure. However, the prevalence of these mutations in different genotypes remains to be studied systematically. In the current study, 11,221 non‐redundant hepatitis B virus (HBV) sequences of 8 genotypes (from A to H), obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), were analyzed to determine the prevalence of HBsAg escape mutations that were previously described. Eight important mutations associated with diagnostic failure, P120T, T126S, Q129H, G130N, S143L, D144A, and G145A/R, were prevalent in one or more genotypes, with the frequency of no less than 1%. With regard to escape variants that evade vaccine or immunoglobulin therapy, mutations were located mainly at positions 120, 126, 129, 130, 133, 134, 137, 140, 143, 144, and 145. The majority of such mutations showed genotypic heterogeneity, indicating the different distribution of the escape mutations. Most of the escape mutations clustered in the “a” determinant, indicating that this region was more likely to be affected by immune selection or antiviral therapy than other regions. Understanding the prevalence and heterogeneity of escape mutations could provide useful guidance for the improvement of diagnostic assays, design of new vaccines, and prevention of failure of HBIG therapy. J. Med. Virol. 84:198–206, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Learning-Based Compressive Subsampling

The problem of recovering a structured signal x ∈ C<sup>p</sup> from a set of dimensionality-reduced linear measurements b = Ax arises in a variety of applications, such as medical imaging, spectroscopy, Fourier optics, and computerized tomography. Due to computational and storage complexity or physical constraints imposed by the problem, the measurement matrix A ∈ C<sup>n×p</sup> is often of the form A = P<sub>Ω</sub>Ψ for some orthonormal basis matrix Ψ ∈ C<sup>P×P</sup> and subsampling operator P<sub>Ω</sub> : C<sup>p</sup> → C<sup>n</sup> that selects the rows indexed by Ω. This raises the fundamental question of how best to choose the index set Ω in order to optimize the recovery performance. Previous approaches to addressing this question rely on nonuniform random subsampling using application-specific knowledge of the structure of x. In this paper, we instead take a principled learning-based approach in which affixed index set is chosen based on a set of training signals x<sub>1</sub>, . , x<sub>m</sub>. We formulate combinatorial optimization problems seeking to maximize the energy captured in these signals in an average-case or worst-case sense, and we show that these can be efficiently solved either exactly or approximately via the identification of modularity and submodularity structures. We provide both deterministic and statistical theoretical guarantees showing how the resulting measurement matrices perform on signals differing from the training signals, and we provide numerical examples showing our approach to be effective on a variety of data sets.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Various Extracts of Michelia champaca Linn flowers

Michelia Champaca (Magnoliaceae) is a large medicinal plant which is traditionally used against a number of diseases including inflammatory conditions. Antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activities of various extracts of Michelia Champaca Linn flowers were investigated in this study. The study was aimed at determining the antioxidant activity (reducing powers, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities) total flavonoid concentration and antimicrobial activities of pet. Ether, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of Michelia Champaca Linn flowers. The antioxidant activity of extracts increases with increase in amount of extract (5-20mg). DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Michelia Champaca Linn flowers, gallic and ascorbic acid standards were found to be 80.56, 90.20, 81.32, 91.34 and 93.64% respectively, at a concentration of 200µg/ ml and total flavonoid were in the range of 20.4 ± 0.22 g/100 g, 12.2 ± 0.12 g/100 g, 14.4 ± 0.22 g/100 g, crude extract of Champaca, respectively determined by using aluminum nitrate colorimetric method. M. Champaca showed narrow antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria tested. The crude extract exhibited high anticandidal activity on Candida albicans. Results of the present study suggest that M. Champaca flower extract possesses strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Handbook of Early Childhood Literacy

PART ONE: PERSPECTIVES ON EARLY CHILDHOOD LITERACY The Emergence of Early Childhood Literacy - Julia Gillen and Nigel Hall Postcolonial Perspectives on Childhood and Literacy - Radhika Viruru Gender and Early Childhood Literacy - Elaine Millard Reconceptualizing Early Childhood Literacy - Aria Razfar and Kris Guti[ac]errez The Sociocultural Influence PART TWO: EARLY CHILDHOOD LITERACY IN FAMILIES, COMMUNITIES AND CULTURES Researching Young Children's Out-of-School Literacy Practices - Michele Knobel and Colin Lankshear Language, Literacy and Community - Patricia Baquedano-Lopez The Out-of-School Schooling of Literacy - Eve Gregory and Charmian Kenner Literacy Within Family Life - Trevor H. Cairney Family Literacy Programmes - Peter Hannon Early Childhood Literacy and Popular Culture - Jackie Marsh Film and Television - Muriel Robinson and Margaret Mackey PART THREE: EARLY MOVES IN LITERACY Moving into Literacy - Lesley Lancaster How It All Begins Perspectives on Making Meaning - Gunther Kress The Differential Principles and Means of Adults and Children Brain Activity, Genetics and Learning to Read - Gerald Coles Becoming Biliterate - Charmian Kenner and Eve Gregory Playing the Storyteller - Carol Fox Some Principles for Learning Literacy in the Early Years of Schooling Uncovering the Key Skills of Reading - Roger Beard Phonology and Learning to Read - Rhona Stainthorp Young Children's Literacy Meaning Making - Miriam Martinez, Nancy Roser and Caitlin Dooley Verbal and Visual Literacy - Maria Nikolajeva The Role of Picturebooks in the Reading Experience of Young Children Textbooks and Early Childhood Literacy - Alan Luke, Victoria Carrington and Cushla Kapitzke The Nature of Young Children's Authoring - Deborah Wells Rowe The Development of Spelling - Patricia L. Scharer and Jerry Zutell Writing the World - Frances Christie PART FOUR: LITERACY IN PRESCHOOL SETTINGS AND SCHOOLS Talk and Discourse in Formal Learning Settings - Joanne Larson and Shira May Peterson Effective Literacy Teaching in the Early Years of School - Kathy Hall A Review of Evidence Creating Positive Literacy Learning Environments in Early Childhood - Laurie Makin Computers and Early Literacy Education - Linda D. Labbo and David Reinking Critical Literacy - Barbara Comber What Does it Look Like in the Early Years? Finding Literacy - Sharon Murphy A Review of Research on Literacy Assessment in Early Childhood PART FIVE: RESEARCHING EARLY CHILDHOOD LITERACY Methodologies in Research on Young Children and Literacy - David Bloome and Laurie Katz Feminist Methodologies and Research for Early Childhood Literacies - Jeanette Rhedding-Jones Taking a Naturalistic Viewpoint in Early Childhood Literacy Research - Brian Cambourne
Study of Mutual Coupling Between Circular Stacked-Patch Antennas on a Sphere

A rigorous mathematical analysis is given of spherical stacked-patch arrays with emphasis on the physical interpretation of mutual coupling mechanisms present in doubly- curved convex structures. The analysis method is based on electromagnetic field representation in terms of spherical harmonics where each harmonic has the same angular variation as the spectral source component. To obtain the spectral representation the vector-Legendre transformation is applied to currents and fields. A novel approach to the mutual coupling calculation within the method of moments analysis of spherical arrays is applied. By expressing the patch current in terms of two suitable potential-like auxiliary functions, it is possible to avoid the use of Euler's formulas for coordinate system rotation and the related lengthy integrations. Instead, the rotation of antenna elements and corresponding current distributions can be done in closed form with the help of Vilenkin's addition theorem for associated Legendre functions. It is shown that the new approach results in significant acceleration and improved accuracy of the analysis of spherical patch antenna arrays. The algorithm is successfully tested against a commercially available electromagnetic software and measurements performed on the developed laboratory model, confirming its accuracy for both input impedance and mutual coupling calculation and with only a small difference between the predicted and measured resonant frequencies, due to limitations in the experimental model. The influence of the structure parameters on mutual coupling level is extensively investigated, including all coupling mechanisms and leakage of energy due to curvature of the structure. It is shown that stacked-patch antennas can have reduced coupling level comparing to single patch antennas with possible deep nulls above the antenna resonant frequency.
Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet

From the Publisher: A Question of Identity Life on the Screen is a fascinating and wide-ranging investigation of the impact of computers and networking on society, peoples' perceptions of themselves, and the individual's relationship to machines. Sherry Turkle, a Professor of the Sociology of Science at MIT and a licensed psychologist, uses Internet MUDs (multi-user domains, or in older gaming parlance multi-user dungeons) as a launching pad for explorations of software design, user interfaces, simulation, artificial intelligence, artificial life, agents, "bots," virtual reality, and "the on-line way of life. " Turkle's discussion of postmodernism is particularly enlightening. She shows how postmodern concepts in art, architecture, and ethics are related to concrete topics much closer to home, for example AI research (Minsky's "Society of Mind") and even MUDs (exemplified by students with X-window terminals who are doing homework in one window and simultaneously playing out several different roles in the same MUD in other windows). Those of you who have (like me) been turned off by the shallow, pretentious, meaningless paintings and sculptures that litter our museums of modern art may have a different perspective after hearing what Turkle has to say. This is a psychoanalytical book, not a technical one. However, software developers and engineers will find it highly accessible because of the depth of the author's technical understanding and credibility. Unlike most other authors in this genre, Turkle does not constantly jar the technically-literate reader with blatant errors or bogus assertions about how things work. Although I personally don't have time or patience for MUDs,view most of AI as snake-oil, and abhor postmodern architecture, I thought the time spent reading this book was an extremely good investment.
Evolution of Capsaicinoids in Peter Pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) During Fruit Ripening

The evolution of individual and total contents of capsaicinoids present in Peter peppers (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) at different ripening stages has been studied. Plants were grown in a glasshouse and the new peppers were marked in a temporal space of ten days. The extraction of capsaicinoids was performed by ultrasound‐assisted extraction with MeOH. The capsaicinoids nordihydrocapsaicin (n‐DHC), capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, and homodihydrocapsaicin were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)‐fluorescence and identified by UHPLC‐Q‐ToF‐MS. The results indicate that the total capsaicinoids increase in a linear manner from the first point of harvest at ten days (0.283 mg/g FW) up to 90 days, at which point they reach a concentration of 1.301 mg/g FW. The evolution as a percentage of the individual capsaicinoids showed the initial predominance of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and n‐DHC. Dihydrocapsaicin was the major capsaicinoid up to day 50 of maturation. After 50 days, capsaicin became the major capsaicinoid as the concentration of dihydrocapsaicin fell slightly. The time of harvest of Peter pepper based on the total capsaicinoids content should be performed as late as possible. In any case, harvesting should be performed before overripening of the fruit is observed.