Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do LINER 2 galaxies harbour low-luminosity active galactic nuclei?

We use ROSAT HRI spatial data and ASCA spectral measurements for a sample of seven nearby, early-type spiral galaxies, to address the question of whether a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (LLAGN) is present in galaxies that have a LINER 2 classification. The brightest discrete X-ray source in the ROSAT HRI observations is invariably found to be positionally coincident with the optical galactic nucleus, and in most cases its flux dominates the X-ray emission from the central region of the galaxy. All seven galaxies have X-ray spectra consistent with a two-component, soft thermal plus hard power-law, spectral form. If we exclude the two galaxies with relatively hard X-ray spectra, NGC 3628 and NGC 4594, for which there is supporting evidence for a LLAGN (or alternatively in the case of NGC 3628 a dominant ultraluminous X-ray binary), then the remaining galaxies show surprisingly similar X-ray spectral properties. Specifically the flux ratio FX(0.5–1)/FX(2–5), which measures the relative strengths of the thermal and non-thermal emission components, shows little scatter about a mean of 0.66, a value very similar to that measured in the classic starburst galaxy NGC 253. As there is no obvious reason why the luminosity of the hard power-law continuum emanating from a putative LLAGN should be very closely correlated with the thermal emission of the surrounding region, this suggests that that the broad-band (0.5–5 keV) X-ray emission from these LINER 2 galaxies may originate in a common set of processes probably associated with the starburst phenomenon. Conversely, it appears that in many LINER 2 galaxies and perhaps the majority, the nuclear X-ray luminosity does not derive directly from the presence of a LLAGN.
The Impact of Diversity Climate for Women on Female Employees’ Intentions to Stay: A Cross-Cultural Study on South Korea and Norway

The purpose of this research was to examine what factors influence female workers’ intentions to stay with their employer. The effect of diversity climate for women on female employees’ intentions to stay was investigated. Also, based on compensation theory, this study hypothesized the moderation effect of a societal culture, especially Hofstede’s masculinity-femininity dimension, on the association between diversity climate for women and female employees’ intentions to stay. An experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses of this research using South Korea and Norway as study venues. The results revealed that there was a positive association between diversity climate for women and female employees’ intentions to stay. Moreover, in the investigation of societal masculinity’s moderating role, it was shown that diversity climate for women was highly influential in strengthening the intent to stay for female employees from a masculine society. On the other hand, for those from a feminine society, the impact of diversity climate for women was not as strong as for those from a masculine society. By clarifying the role that a societal culture played in female workers’ intentions to stay with their employing organization, the results of this study emphasized the importance of supportive contexts not only at work, but also within a society.
Isolation, Matching, and Counting Uniform and Nonuniform Upper Bounds

We show that the perfect matching problem is in the complexity class SPL (in the nonuniform setting). This provides a better upper bound on the complexity of the matching problem, as well as providing motivation for studying the complexity class SPL. Using similar techniques, we show that counting the number of accepting paths of a nondeterministic logspace machine can be done in NL/poly, if the number of paths is small. This clarifies the complexity of the class FewL. Using derandomization techniques, we then improve this to show that this counting problem is in NL. Determining if our other theorems hold in the uniform setting remains an important open question, although we provide evidence that they do. More precisely, if there are problems in DSPACE(n) requiring exponential-size circuits, then all of our results hold in the uniform setting.
Glial-guided granule neuron migration in vitro: a high-resolution time- lapse video microscopic study

To study neuronal migration, migrating granule neurons in microcultures prepared from early postnatal cerebellum have been analyzed with time- lapse, video-enhanced differential interference contrast microscopy. The morphology of migrating neurons resembles the elongated forms of migrating neurons described both in vivo and in vitro (Rakic, 1971; Hatten et al., 1984). The neuron closely apposes its soma along the glial fiber and extends a thickened leading process in the direction of migration. This leading tip is highly motile, with several filopodial extensions. Intracellular vesicular structures extend from the nucleus into the leading process of migrating neurons in vitro. Quantitation of the motions of migrating neurons revealed a saltatory pattern of advance along the glial fiber. Periods of cell soma movement at the rate of 56 +/- 26 micron/hr along the glial fiber are punctuated by periods during which the cell soma slows to a complete stop. The overall rate of migration is 33 +/- 20 micron/hr. The growing tip of the leading process rapidly extends and retracts, resulting in a net advance along the glial fiber. However, the periods of the extension and retraction of the leading process growing tip are not synchronized with the motions of the cell soma.
Operon structure of Staphylococcus aureus

In bacteria, gene regulation is one of the fundamental characteristics of survival, colonization and pathogenesis. Operons play a key role in regulating expression of diverse genes involved in metabolism and virulence. However, operon structures in pathogenic bacteria have been determined only by in silico approaches that are dependent on factors such as intergenic distances and terminator/promoter sequences. Knowledge of operon structures is crucial to fully understand the pathophysiology of infections. Presently, transcriptome data obtained from growth curves in a defined medium were used to predict operons in Staphylococcus aureus. This unbiased approach and the use of five highly reproducible biological replicates resulted in 93.5% significantly regulated genes. These data, combined with Pearson’s correlation coefficients of the transcriptional profiles, enabled us to accurately compile 93% of the genome in operon structures. A total of 1640 genes of different functional classes were identified in operons. Interestingly, we found several operons containing virulence genes and showed synergistic effects for two complement convertase inhibitors transcribed in one operon. This is the first experimental approach to fully identify operon structures in S. aureus. It forms the basis for further in vitro regulation studies that will profoundly advance the understanding of bacterial pathophysiology in vivo.
A Meta-Analysis of Site-Specific Effects of Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Sensory Perception and Pain

The primary aim of our meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (c-tDCS) on sensory and pain thresholds (STh and PTh) in healthy individuals and pain level (PL) in patients with chronic pain. Electronic databases were searched for c-tDCS studies. Methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro and Downs and Black (D&B) assessment tools. C-tDCS of the primary motor cortex (S1) increases both STh (P<0.001, effect size of 26.84%) and PTh (P<0.001, effect size of 11.62%). In addition, c-tDCS over M1 led to STh increase (P<0.005, effect size of 30.44%). Likewise, PL decreased significantly in the patient group following application of c-tDCS. The small number of studies precluded subgroup analysis. Nevertheless, meta-analysis showed that in all groups (except c-tDCS of S1) active c-tDCS and sham stimulation produced significant differences in STh/PTh in healthy and PL in patient group. This review provides evidence for the site-specific effectiveness of c-tDCS in increasing STh/PTh in healthy individuals and decreasing PL in patients with chronic pain. However, due to small sample sizes in the included studies, our results should be interpreted with caution. Given that the level of blinding was not considered in the inclusion criteria, the results of the current study should be interpreted with caution.
Antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in children

Recent increases in the dosages of the essential antituberculosis agents isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), pyrazinamide (PZA) for use in children recommended by World Health Organization have raised concerns regarding the risk of hepatotoxicity. Published data relating to the incidence and pathogenesis of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ADIH), particularly in children, is reviewed. Amongst 12,708 children receiving chemoprophylaxis, mainly with INH, but also other combinations of INH, RMP and PZA only 1 case (0.06%) of jaundice was recorded and abnormal liver functions documented in 110 (8%) of the 1225 children studied. Excluding tuberculous meningitis (TBM) 8984 were children treated for tuberculosis disease and jaundice documented in 75 (0.83%) and abnormal liver function tests in 380 (9.9%) of the 3855 children evaluated. Amongst 717 children treated for TBM, however, jaundice occurred in 72 (10.8%) and abnormal LFT were recorded in 174 (52.9%) of those studied. Case reports document the occurrence of ADIH in at least 63 children. Signs and symptoms of ADIH were frequently ignored in the recorded cases. ADIH can occur in children at any age or at any dosage of INH, RMP or PZA, but the incidence of.ADIH is is considerably lower in children than in adults. Children with disseminated forms of disease are at greater risk of ADIH. The use of the higher dosages of INH, RMP and PZA recently recommended by WHO is unlikely to result in a greater risk of ADIH in children.
Combined Use of Computed Tomography Coronary Calcium Scores and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Predicting Cardiovascular Events in Nondiabetic Individuals

Background—The South Bay Heart Watch is a prospective cohort study designed to appraise the value of coronary calcium and risk factors for predicting outcomes in asymptomatic adults. Two factors that may be related to subsequent cardiovascular events are coronary calcium (CAC, a manifestation of subclinical atherosclerosis) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP, a measure of chronic inflammation). Methods and Results—Between December 1990 and December 1992, 1461 participants without coronary heart disease underwent baseline risk factor screening, computed tomography for CAC, and measurement of CRP. Participants were followed up for 6.4±1.3 years. Cox regression analyses were conducted for the 967 nondiabetics with CRP levels ≤10 mg/L to estimate the risk-factor–adjusted relative risks of CAC and CRP for the occurrence of (1) nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary death and (2) any cardiovascular event (MI, coronary death, coronary revascularization, or stroke). CAC was a predictor of both end points (P <0.005), and CRP was a predictor of any cardiovascular event (P =0.03). Risk group analysis defined by tertiles for CAC (<3.7, 3.7 to 142.1, >142.1) and the 75th percentile for CRP (>4.05 mg/L) indicated that there was increasing risk with increasing calcium and CRP. Relative risks for the medium-calcium/low-CRP risk group to high-calcium/high-CRP risk group ranged from 1.8 to 6.1 for MI/coronary death (P =0.003) and 2.8 to 7.5 for any cardiovascular event (P <0.001). Conclusions—Participants without diabetes and those at intermediate risk may benefit from risk stratification based on high-sensitivity CRP levels and CAC, because both factors contribute independently toward the incidence of cardiovascular events.
An Exploratory Study on Young Children's Spoken and Written Narratives of Personal Experience

This study investigated how young children respond when asked to create spoken and written narratives. To examine aspects of 5-year-olds’ spoken and written narratives about their personal experiences, the level of narrative, developmental stage of writing, and use of cohesive devices were analyzed. The results showed two relationships between the spoken and written narratives. For some children, the same level was found for both spoken and written narratives. But for other children, levels of spoken and written narratives differed. There were more children with a higher level of written narrative compared to spoken narrative than children with a lower level of written narrative compared to spoken narrative. Further analysis of the correlations between the level of written narratives and developmental stage of writing showed statistical significance. Therefore, the result of this study suggests that a child’s developmental stage of writing could affect the level of 5-year-olds’ written narratives. Second, there were significant differences in 5-year-olds’ usage of cohesive devices when relating their personal experiences in their spoken and written narratives. The sum of conjunction and anaphoric references (i.e., cohesive devices) was higher in spoken narrative expressions than in written narrative expressions. In spoken narrative, children expressed de-contextualized language with cohesive devices to give additional explanation, considering the listener who had no knowledge of the event the child was relating. Further research about this aspect is proposed.
Spin and energy evolution equations for a wide class of extended bodies

We give a surface integral derivation of the leading-order evolution equations for the spin and energy of a relativistic body interacting with other bodies in the post-Newtonian expansion scheme. The bodies can be arbitrarily shaped and can be strongly self-gravitating. The effects of all mass and current multipoles are taken into account. As part of the computation one of the 2PN potentials parametrizing the metric is obtained. The formulae obtained here for spin and energy evolution coincide with those obtained by Damour, Soffel and Xu for the case of weakly self-gravitating bodies. By combining an Einstein–Infeld–Hoffman-type surface integral approach with multipolar expansions we extend the domain of validity of these evolution equations to a wide class of strongly self-gravitating bodies. This paper completes in a self-contained way a previous work by Racine and Flanagan on translational equations of motion for compact objects.
Understanding User-Community Engagement by Multi-faceted Features: A Case Study on Twitter

The widespread use of social networking websites in recent years has suggested a need for eﬀective methods to understand the new forms of user engagement, the factors impacting them, and the fundamental reasons for such engage-ments. We perform exploratory analysis on Twitter 1 to understand the dynamics of user engagement by studying what attracts a user to participate in discussions on a topic. We identify various factors which might aﬀect user engagement, ranging from content properties, network topology to user characteristics on the social network, and use them to predict user joining behavior. As opposed to traditional ways of studying them separately, these factors are organized in our framework, People-Content-Network Analysis (PCNA) , mainly designed to enable understanding of human social dynamics on the web. We perform experiments on various Twitter user communities formed around topics from diverse domains, with varied social signiﬁcance, duration and spread. Our ﬁndings suggest that capabilities of content, user and network features vary greatly, motivating the incorporation of all the factors in user engagement analysis, and hence, a strong need can be felt to study dynamics of user engagement by using the PCNA framework. Our study also reveals certain correlation between types of event for discussion topics and impact of user engagement factors.
Pediatric Sleep Disorders: Validation of the Sleep Disorders Inventory for Students

Abstract. Approximately 20%–25% of the pediatric population will likely develop a sleep disorder sometime during childhood or adolescence. Studies have shown that untreated sleep disorders can negatively affect cognitive abilities, and academic and behavior performance. The Sleep Disorders Inventory for Students (SDIS) is a screening instrument designed to be used by school psychologists to determine if problems related to sleep may be affecting a student's educational performance. The SDIS was validated on 821 students in the southeastern United States and seven sleep centers nationally. This study presents the development of both forms of the SDIS, the SDIS—Children's Form and the SDIS—Adolescent Form, as well as the empirical data to support the reliability of the scores and the validity of the inferences. Practical implications for the use of the SDIS are discussed, and suggestions for future research related to the screening of pediatric sleep disorders are presented.
Addressing the elephant in the room, therapeutic resistance in non-small cell lung cancer, with epigenetic therapies

Like Chinese boxes nesting inside each other, the classification of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is subdivided into smaller and smaller subtypes on the basis of histological and molecular attributes. The latter characterizes NSCLC by its molecular alterations and the identification of inhibitors that target these cancer-specific “driver” mutations. Despite the initial promise of precision-guided therapies to inhibit a finer and finer array of molecular subcategories, despite even the curative potential of immunotherapeutic checkpoint blockade, in particular, casualties still abound and true clinical success stories are few and far between; the ever-present, if sometimes unmentioned, “elephant in the room”, is the acquisition of resistance, which, sooner or later, rears its ugly head to undermine treatment success and shorten survival. Emerging data suggests that epigenetic therapies are able to reprogram the aberrant tumor-associated epigenome and ‘tame the beast of resistance’, thereby prolonging survival. This article reviews the role of epigenetic dysregulation in NSCLC, explores PFS2 as a possible surrogate endpoint, briefly mentions possible biomarkers and highlights combinatorial treatment epigenetic strategies to “prime” tumors and reverse resistance.
Bacterial Exopolysaccharides: Functionality and Prospects

Diverse structural, functional and valuable polysaccharides are synthesized by bacteria of all taxa and secreted into the external environment. These polysaccharides are referred to as exopolysaccharides and they may either be homopolymeric or heteropolymeric in composition and of diverse high molecular weights (10 to 1000 kDa). The material properties of exopolysaccharides have revolutionized the industrial and medical sectors due to their retinue of functional applications and prospects. These applications have been extensive in areas such as pharmacological, nutraceutical, functional food, cosmeceutical, herbicides and insecticides among others, while prospects includes uses as anticoagulant, antithrombotic, immunomodulation, anticancer and as bioflocculants. Due to the extensive applications of bacterial exopolysaccharides, this overview provides basic information on their physiologic and morphologic functions as well as their applications and prospects in the medical and industrial sectors.
Restoring Trust after Fraud: Does Corporate Governance Matter?

In this study, I examine the association between the credibility of the financial reporting system and the quality of governance mechanisms. I use a sample of 87 firms identified by the SEC as fraudulently manipulating their financial statements. Consistent with prior research, results indicate that fraud firms have poor governance relative to a control sample in the year prior to fraud detection. Specifically, fraud firms have fewer numbers and percentages of outside board members, fewer audit committee meetings, fewer financial experts on the audit committee, a smaller percentage of Big 4 auditing firms, and a higher percentage of CEOs who are also chairmen of the board of directors. However, the results indicate that fraud firms take actions to improve their governance and that three years after fraud detection these firms have governance characteristics similar to the control firms in terms of the numbers and percentages of outside members on the board, but exceed the control firms in the number of audit committee meetings. I also investigate whether the improved governance influences informed capital market participants. The results indicate that analyst following and institutional holdings do not increase in fraud firms, suggesting that credibility was still a problem for these firms. However, the results also indicate that firms that take actions to improve governance have superior stock price performance, even after controlling for earnings performance. This suggests that governance improvements appear to be valued by investors.
Semidiurnal and diurnal tidal effects in the middle atmosphere as seen by Rayleigh lidar

The Rayleigh lidar at the Centre d'Essais des Landes has been adjusted to provide continuous day and nighttime measurements when clear weather permits with high resolution in both time and space. These measurements are processed to show tidal effects in the 30- to 80-km height range. The observed temperature variations in two 11-day series of data, from November 1988 and January 1989, are treated by spectral analysis and by least squares fitting sinusoids for 12- and 24-hour periods. The observed tidal amplitudes correspond with experimental results from rocket studies and are generally consistent, though somewhat larger than predicted in theoretical models. Observed lidar phases are roughly corroborated by radar observations and also follow the same general trends as model predicitions.
Quality of life studies and genito-urinary tumors.

BACKGROUND Genitourinary (GU) tumors represent a large proportion of solid cancers (1 of 4) and a wide variety of natural histories, based on various prognostic factors and resulting in different treatment options and end points. In some cases, for the same stage of disease, different treatment strategies do not impact differently on overall survival (OS): surgery vs. radiation, or radical vs. conservative multidisciplinary approach, adjuvant or neoadjuvant, chemotherapy vs. BSC. Quality of life (QoL) is considered a reasonable end point when differences in OS do not seem to be striking. DESIGN A review of the literature on different disease stages was undertaken to show where and when QoL was used as the end point of treatment efficacy. RESULTS Very few studies have been performed in prostate, bladder and testicular cancer to show the impact of different treatment approaches on QoL. Although these studies might be considered as non-conclusive, some data may allow a better choice for the patients. CONCLUSIONS QoL as the principal end point has not been used in clinical trials of GU tumors comparing different treatment approaches. This makes the choice between treatments offering similar survival but different toxicity patterns, body and behavioral consequences more difficult. We suggest that future prospective randomized studies should be planned taking into account the QoL as the main end point.