Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operational definitions in performance Analysis and the need for consensus.

This study investigated problems associated with operational definitions within the performance analysis of sport. The literature indicated that in addition to being recognised as important in the reliability of data, operational definitions need to be clear and replicable. This was not the case in many papers as it was found that there was a lack of consistency, ambiguity and repetition in the definitions researched. An analysis of the International Journal of the Performance Analysis of Sport highlighted these problems with a lack of definition, with actions in performance analysis being the most inconsistently defined. Problems with definitions in sport were identified in other areas of sport with specific reference to sporting injuries. The study identified how consensus was achieved in defining injuries in sport and it is suggested that the discipline of performance analysis follows the same methodology to create a consensus of operational definitions for sports.
Evolutionary game theory and the tower of Babel of cooperation: Altruism, free-riding, parasitism and the structure of the interactions in a world with finite resources

The study of the evolution of cooperative behaviours --which provide benefits to others-- and altruism --which provides benefits to others at a cost to oneself-- has been on the core of the evolutionary game theoretical framework since its foundation. The fast development of the theory during the last years has improved our knowledge of the issue, but carried attached a diversification of concepts which affected communication between scientists. Furthermore, the main root of conflict in the struggle for life identified by Darwin, the limited amount of resources present in any ecosystem, which is assumed to keep a constant population size in most game theoretical studies, has only recently been taken into account as explicitly influencing the evolutionary process. This review concerns about both issues, the conceptual diversification during the last years and the new results of the resource dependent models. In extenso: After a historical introduction, a review of the most important concepts is carried out. Then it is shown that pairwise interactions and additive fitness determine prisoner's dilemmas (PDs) or harmony games, that two altruists interacting together may determine a PD, and that the interaction environment of the most cooperative and less selfish individual in any population is always a PD. After that, it is shown that in addition to altruists versus free-riders, the combination of free-riders and parasites determines a fundamentally different PD. Computer simulations are then carried out to show that random exploration of parasitism, free-riding and altruism enables coexistence of the three strategies without the need of reciprocating, punishing or rewarding strategies. To finish, the problem of the limitation of resources is reviewed, showing that.
Wave instabilities in an anisotropic magnetized space plasma

Aims. We study wave instability in an collisionless, rarefied hot plasma (e.g. solar wind or corona). We consider the anisotropy produced by the magnetic field, when the thermal gas pressures across and along the field become unequal. Methods. We apply the 16-moment transport equations (obtained from the Boltzmann-Vlasov kinetic equation) including the anisotropic thermal fluxes. The general dispersion relation for the incompressible wave modes is derived. Results. It is shown that a new, more complex wave spectrum with stable and unstable behavior is possible, in contrast to the classic fire-hose modes obtained in terms of the 13-moment integrated equations.
Two New Genetic Algorithm Based Methods for Obtaining Alignment of Multiple Sequences

1 Assistant Professor, AKGEC Ghaziabad, India, Ph.D Research Scholar 2 Professor & Head, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India 3 Professor & Head, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, IMS Engineering College Ghaziabad, India _____________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) is considered as one of the computationally challenging problem in the field of molecular biology. In the recent past, Genetic Algorithm (GA) based solutions have emerged as useful tool for solving MSA problem. Here we have proposed two new GA based methods to target the MSA problem. This is in continuation to our earlier published work [1] on solving MSA using GA based approach. BAliBASE dataset has been considered for experimental work & analysis. We have also compared for the accuracy of alignment scores with our previous proposed solutions as well as with few standard & known MSA tools like CLUSTAL-W, DALIGN, T-COFFEE. Experimental results have shown some encouraging results in terms of obtaining better alignment scores using our proposed solution.
An Evaluation of Game Fiction-Enhanced Training: Using Narrative to Improve Trainee Reactions and Learning

AN EVALUATION OF GAME FICTION-ENHANCED TRAINING: USING NARRATIVE TO IMPROVE TRAINEE REACTIONS AND LEARNING Michael Beaumont Armstrong Old Dominion University, 2015 Director: Dr. Richard N. Landers Gamification is growing in popularity in instructional contexts like education and workplace training, but it is unclear which game elements are specifically conducive to improve learning outcomes. Narratives, which represent one way the game element “game fiction” is commonly implemented, have been used to improve learning outcomes over expository texts in the context of psycholinguistics, whereas the TechnologyEnhanced Training Effectiveness Model (TETEM) proposes that certain individual differences impact the relationships between technology-enhanced training and learning outcomes. From this theoretical basis, this study gamified a training session with game fiction in order to improve reactions to training and learning over the original training content. Utilizing an experimental design, it was found that trainees were more satisfied with training enhanced with game fiction over the control text. Trainees did not differ in posttest declarative knowledge scores by condition. Pre-existing attitudes toward gamebased learning and trainee experience with games were tested as moderators of the condition-learning outcome relationships using hierarchical multiple regression but were not supported. From this, it is concluded that game fiction may be used to improve reactions to training without decreasing learning using fairly simple and low-cost
Validation of Model-Based Testing in Hardware in the Loop Platform

Model-based testing (MBT) in hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform is a simulation and testing environment for embedded systems, in which test design automation provided by MBT is combined with HIL methodology. A HIL platform is a testing environment in which the embedded system under testing (SUT) assumes to be operating with real-world inputs and outputs. In this paper, we focus on presenting the novel methodologies and tools that were used to conduct the validation of the MBT in HIL platform. Another novelty of the validation approach is that it aims to provide a comprehensive and many-sided process view to validating MBT and HIL related systems including different component, integration and system level testing activities. The research is based on the constructive method of the related scientific literature and testing technologies, and the results are derived through testing and validating the implemented MBT in HIL platform. The used testing process indicated that the functionality of the constructed MBT in HIL prototype platform was validated. Keywordssoftware testing; testing system validation; testing process; model-based testing; hardware in the loop
Comparing Air Mission Routes from a Combat Survival Perspective

An aircraft ﬂying inside hostile territory is exposed to the risk of getting detected and tracked by the enemy’s sensors, and subsequently hit by its weapons. This paper describes a combat survivability model that can be used for assessing the risks associated with a mission route. In contrast to previous work, the model describes both the risk of getting tracked and the risk of getting hit, as well as the dependency between these risks. Three different ways of using the model for comparing routes from a combat survival perspective are suggested. The survivability for the end point, i.e., the probability of ﬂying the entire route without getting hit, is a compact way of summarizing the risks. Visualizing how the risks vary along the route can be used for identifying critical parts of the mission. Finally, assigning weights to different risks allow the opportunity to take preferences regarding risk exposure into account.
SEFAP: An Email System for Anti-Phishing

More and more users are suffering from email-based phishing attacks over the past years. Despite the use of various technologies for anti-phishing, phishing is still one of most serious attacks against Internet users. Email phishing attacks fabricate the email's origin. Unfortunately, current email server systems can not authenticate the genuineness of in-coming emails. In this paper, we present a novel anti-phishing mechanism: signed email for anti-phishing (SEFAP), designed to automatically identify an email's origin to mitigate email phishing attacks. The SEFAP system is an extendable secure cryptographic system that accommodates multiple signature schemes. SEFAP can adopt any signature scheme which has two properties: Identity-based and repudiability. Identity-based property removes the unrealistic full PKI infrastructure deployment requirement and the repudiability property protects sender's privacy. We describe how to integrate the SEFAP system into a standard SMTP server. We also proposed an efficient implementation based on a novel ID-based ring signature scheme.
suppl Figure 1

Concentration [nM] G45a binding to G45a 650 B Supplementary Figure 1. (A) Western blot analysis of GADD45a and TET1 catalytic domain (TET1 CD) co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Protein lysates of HEK293T cells transiently transfected with Flag-TET1 catalytic domain (TET1 CD), myc-GADD45a and GFP as control were used for Flag-IP. Proteins were detected using antibodies against Flag and GADD45a. -Tubulin and GFP were used as specificity controls. Input shows 5% of lysate used for IP. (B) GADD45a oligomerization analysis by Microscale Thermophoresis. Binding of in vitro fluorescently labeled recombinant GADD45a to unlabeled recombinant GADD45a was assessed. Concentration of labeled GADD45a was kept constant at 50 nM, while increasing concentrations of unlabeled GADD45a were tested (0.1 nM to 5 µM). The sigmoidal binding curve of GADD45a oligomerization was fitted according to the law of mass action using NTAnaly-sis software provided by NanoTemper technologies.
Boundaries of planar graphs, via circle packings

We provide a geometric representation of the Poisson and Martin boundaries of a transient, bounded degree triangulation of the plane in terms of its circle packing in the unit disc. (This packing is unique up to Mobius transformations.) More precisely, we show that any bounded harmonic function on the graph is the harmonic extension of some measurable function on the boundary of the disk, and that the space of extremal positive harmonic functions, that is, the Martin boundary, is homeomorphic to the unit circle. All our results hold more generally for any "good"-embedding of planar graphs, that is, an embedding in the unit disc with straight lines such that angles are bounded away from $0$ and $\pi$ uniformly, and lengths of adjacent edges are comparable. Furthermore, we show that in a good embedding of a planar graph the probability that a random walk exits a disc through a sufficiently wide arc is at least a constant, and that Brownian motion on such graphs takes time of order $r^2$ to exit a disc of radius $r$. These answer a question recently posed by Chelkak (2014).
Combinatorial R matrices for a family of crystals : C^{(1)}_n and A^{(2)}_{2n-1} cases

The combinatorial R matrices are obtained for a family {B_l} of crystals for U'_q(C^{(1)}_n) and U'_q(A^{(2)}_{2n-1}), where B_l is the crystal of the irreducible module corresponding to the one-row Young diagram of length l. The isomorphism B_l\otimes B_k \simeq B_k \otimes B_l and the energy function are described explicitly in terms of a C_n-analogue of the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth type insertion algorithm. As an application a C^{(1)}_n-analogue of the Kostka polynomials is calculated for several cases.
Two for the price of one: a model for parallel and incremental computation

Parallel or incremental versions of an algorithm can significantly outperform their counterparts, but are often difficult to develop. Programming models that provide appropriate abstractions to decompose data and tasks can simplify parallelization. We show in this work that the same abstractions can enable both parallel and incremental execution. We present a novel algorithm for parallel self-adjusting computation. This algorithm extends a deterministic parallel programming model (concurrent revisions) with support for recording and repeating computations. On record, we construct a dynamic dependence graph of the parallel computation. On repeat, we reexecute only parts whose dependencies have changed. We implement and evaluate our idea by studying five example programs, including a realistic multi-pass CSS layout algorithm. We describe programming techniques that proved particularly useful to improve the performance of self-adjustment in practice. Our final results show significant speedups on all examples (up to 37x on an 8-core machine). These speedups are well beyond what can be achieved by parallelization alone, while requiring a comparable effort by the programmer.
Neural Mechanisms of Involuntary Attention to Acoustic Novelty and Change

Behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) measures were used to elucidate the neural mechanisms of involuntary engagement of attention by novelty and change in the acoustic environment. The behavioral measures consisted of the reaction time (RT) and performance accuracy (hit rate) in a forced-choice visual RT task where subjects were to discriminate between odd and even numbers. Each visual stimulus was preceded by an irrelevant auditory stimulus, which was randomly either a standard tone (80), a slightly, higher deviant tone (10), or a natural, novel sound (10). Novel sounds prolonged the RT to successive visual stimuli by 17 msec as compared with the RT to visual stimuli that followed standard tones. Deviant tones, in turn, decreased the hit rate but did not significantly affect the RT. In the ERPs to deviant tones, the mismatch negativity (MMN), peaking at 150 msec, and a second negativity, peaking at 400 msec, could be observed. Novel sounds elicited an enhanced N1, with a probable overlap by the MMN, and a large positive P3a response with two different subcomponents: an early centrally dominant P3a, peaking at 230 msec, and a late P3a, peaking at 315 msec with a right-frontal scalp maximum. The present results suggest the involvement of two different neural mechanisms in triggering involuntary attention to acoustic novelty and change: a transient-detector mechanism activated by novel sounds and reflected in the N1 and a stimulus-change detector mechanism activated by deviant tones and novel sounds and reflected in the MMN. The observed differential distracting effects by slightly deviant tones and widely deviant novel sounds support the notion of two separate mechanisms of involuntary attention.
Analysis of 12-lead classification models for ECG classification

In this work we studied the improvement achieved by including information from the 12 ECG leads, in a previously developed classification model. This model includes features from the RR interval series and morphology descriptors calculated from the wavelet transform. The experiments were carried out in the INCART database, available in Physionet, and the generalization was corroborated in a private database. In both databases the AAMI recommendations for class labeling and results presentation were followed. Different approaches to integrate the additional information available in the 12-leads were studied. The best performing approach obtained for normal beats, sensitivity (S) 98%, positive predictive value (P+) 94%; for supraventricular beats, S 88%, P+ 91%; and for ventricular beats S 91%, P+ 92%. The generalization capability was confirmed in a private database with comparable results. The performance of the reference two-lead classifier was improved by taking into account additional information from the 12-leads.
What differs in visual recognition of handwritten vs. printed letters? An fMRI study

In models of letter recognition, handwritten letters are considered as a particular font exemplar, not qualitatively different in their processing from printed letters. Yet, some data suggest that recognizing handwritten letters might rely on distinct processes, possibly related to motor knowledge. We applied functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare the neural correlates of perceiving handwritten letters vs. standard printed letters. Statistical analysis circumscribed to frontal brain regions involved in hand‐movement triggering and execution showed that processing of handwritten letters is supported by a stronger activation of the left primary motor cortex and the supplementary motor area. At the whole‐brain level, additional differences between handwritten and printed letters were observed in the right superior frontal, middle occipital, and parahippocampal gyri, and in the left inferior precentral and the fusiform gyri. The results are suggested to indicate embodiment of the visual perception of handwritten letters. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission from radio galaxies with non-uniform magnetic field and electron distributions

I investigate the effect of non-uniform magnetic fields in th e extended structures of radio galaxies on the observed synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission. On the assumption of an isotropic field, with a given power spectrum and a Gaussian distribution of the Cartesian components of the magnetic field strength, I derive a simple i ntegral that can be used numerically to calculate the synchrotron emissivity from any electron population. In the case of power-law spectra, I show that it is possible to estimate the difference between the synchrotron emissivity from a region with such a field and that from the com monly assumed arrangement where B is constant everywhere, though fully tangled, and that this difference is small, though it increases if the electron energy density scales with the fi eld. An aged electron spectrum in such a field produces a characteristic curved synchrotron sp ectrum which differs significantly from the classical Jaffe-Perola spectrum, and I discuss some effects that this might have on standard spectral age fitting. Finally, I show that inverse- Compton scattering of the cosmic microwave background is only moderately affected by such a fi eld structure, with the effects becoming more important if the electrons follow the field. Ma gnetic-field estimates in the literature from combined synchrotron and inverse-Compton modelling will give reasonable estimates of the mean magnetic field energy density if the fiel d is non-uniform but isotropic.
Interactive effect of temperature and CO2 increase in Arctic phytoplankton

An experiment was performed in order to analyze the effects of the increase in water temperature and CO2 partial pressure expected for the end of this century in a present phytoplankton community inhabiting the Arctic Ocean. We analyzed both factors acting independently and together, to test possible interactions between them. The arctic planktonic community was incubated under 6 different treatments combining three experimental temperatures (1 oC, 6 oC and 10 oC) with two different CO2 levels of 380 ppm or 1000 ppm, at the UNIS installations in Longyearbyen (Svalbard), in summer 2010. Under warmer temperatures, a decrease in chlorophyll a concentration, biovolume and primary production was found, together with a shift in community structure towards a dominance of smaller cells (nano-sized). Effects of increased pCO2 were more modest, and although interactions were weak, our results suggest antagonistic interactive effects amongst increased temperature and CO2 levels, as elevated CO2 compensated partially the decrease in phytoplankton biomass induced by temperature in some groups. Interactions between the two stressors were generally weak, but elevated CO2 was observed to lead to a stepper decline in primary production with warming. Our results also suggest that future increases in water temperature and pCO2 would lead to a decrease in the community chl a concentration and biomass in the Arctic phytoplankton communities examined, leading to communities dominated by smaller nano-phytoplankton groups, with important consequences for the flow of carbon and food web dynamics.
Altered integration of speech and gesture in children with autism spectrum disorders

The presence of gesture during speech has been shown to impact perception, comprehension, learning, and memory in normal adults and typically developing children. In neurotypical individuals, the impact of viewing co‐speech gestures representing an object and/or action (i.e., iconic gesture) or speech rhythm (i.e., beat gesture) has also been observed at the neural level. Yet, despite growing evidence of delayed gesture development in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), few studies have examined how the brain processes multimodal communicative cues occurring during everyday communication in individuals with ASD. Here, we used a previously validated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm to examine the neural processing of co‐speech beat gesture in children with ASD and matched controls. Consistent with prior observations in adults, typically developing children showed increased responses in right superior temporal gyrus and sulcus while listening to speech accompanied by beat gesture. Children with ASD, however, exhibited no significant modulatory effects in secondary auditory cortices for the presence of co‐speech beat gesture. Rather, relative to their typically developing counterparts, children with ASD showed significantly greater activity in visual cortex while listening to speech accompanied by beat gesture. Importantly, the severity of their socio‐communicative impairments correlated with activity in this region, such that the more impaired children demonstrated the greatest activity in visual areas while viewing co‐speech beat gesture. These findings suggest that although the typically developing brain recognizes beat gesture as communicative and successfully integrates it with co‐occurring speech, information from multiple sensory modalities is not effectively integrated during social communication in the autistic brain.
Sketch2Scene

This work presents Sketch2Scene, a framework that automatically turns a freehand sketch drawing inferring multiple scene objects to semantically valid, well arranged scenes of 3D models. Unlike the existing works on sketch-based search and composition of 3D models, which typically process individual sketched objects one by one, our technique performs co-retrieval and co-placement of 3D relevant models by jointly processing the sketched objects. This is enabled by summarizing functional and spatial relationships among models in a large collection of 3D scenes as structural groups. Our technique greatly reduces the amount of user intervention needed for sketch-based modeling of 3D scenes and fits well into the traditional production pipeline involving concept design followed by 3D modeling. A pilot study indicates that it is promising to use our technique as an alternative but more efficient tool of standard 3D modeling for 3D scene construction.