Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nitric Oxide Pathway Regulation on Water/Sodium Balance and Renal Function in a Rodent Model of Acute Liver and Renal Failure

Background The pathomechanism of acute hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), a particular form of acute renal failure that occurs in the course of acute liver injury, is still poorly understood. The aim of our study was to estimate the influence of the activation and inhibition of the nitric oxide pathway on the water/sodium balance and development of acute renal failure in the course of HRS. Material/Methods We used male Sprague-Dawley rats in the acute galactosamine (Ga1N) model of HRS. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors L-NAME and L-arginine were administered intraperitoneally before and after liver damage. Results HRS developed in all tested groups. L-NAME increased osmotic clearance and urine volume more effectively before liver injury. Furthermore, administration of L-NAME increased creatinine clearance both before and after Ga1N injection. A double dose of L-NAME did not yield further improvement before Ga1N injection, but improved creatinine clearance after Ga1N intoxication. Injection of L-arginine increased sodium excretion and urine volume, but only after liver injury. Moreover, L-arginine injected after Ga1N caused significant improvement of the creatinine clearance in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Our study shows that inhibition of the nitric oxide pathway improves parameters of water and sodium balance and prevents development of acute renal failure in the course of acute liver injury and liver failure. Activation of the nitric oxide system also has a favorable influence on water/sodium balance and renal failure, but only after liver injury.
Teacher Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction: Herzberg's ‘two‐factor’ hypothesis revisited

Abstract An analysis of perceived causes of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction was derived from lengthy interviews with 100 graduates trained to leach in primary schools. Causes of satisfaction came mainly from the work itself (affective satisfaction; personal competence; extension of skills) but so did many of the causes of dissatisfaction (perceived inadequacy in teaching; institutional factors making it difficult to teach differently or well). In addition several main sources of dissatisfaction were contextual (interpersonal relations; physical conditions; promotion prospects; ill‐health and fatigue). Herzberg's ‘two‐factor’ hypothesis can be reconciled only partially with these findings — by distinguishing an absence of expected satisfaction ('negative satisfiers') from dissatisfaction ('dissatisfiers'), especially if, as is argued, teaching is taken to mean not just work with pupils but also adaptation to a wider social system (the school). In general dissatisfaction among these teachers was low; p.
Association of angiotensin converting enzyme gene (I/D) polymorphism with hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to determine the association of insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene in hypertensive and T2DM subjects in Egyptian population. BACKGROUND The deletion (D) allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been studied in relation to hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with contradictory results which might be due to ethnic and geographical variations. METHODS A total of 85 subjects participated in this study; hypertension (Group 1); type 2 diabetes mellitus (Group 2) and controls (Group 3). Written informed consent was obtained. for each subject: age, sex, diabetes duration and the drugs used, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and lipid profile. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The frequency of DD genotype was significantly higher in hypertensive (60 %) and diabetic patients (68 %) compared to controls (33.3 %) (p=0.04, p=0.01 respectively). The DD genotype (vs DI and II genotype) in the hypertensive and diabetic groups is associated with increased risk of hypertension and/or diabetes. OR=3.00; 95%, Cl = 0.993-9.067; OR=4.250; 95%, Cl = 1.234-14.63 respectively). The D allele was more frequent in hypertensive (77.5 %) and diabetic patients (82 %) compared to controls (52.4 %) (p=0.004 and 0.002 respectively). The D allele (vs the I allele) is associated with increased risk of hypertension and diabetes OR=3.13, 95%Cl=1.405-6.978; OR= 4.14, 95% CI= 1.615-10.622 respectively). CONCLUSION The DD genotype and the D allele are associated with hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Egyptian patients (Tab. 5, Fig. 1, Ref. 32).
Sourcing the News: Comparing Source Use and Media Framing of the 2009 European Parliamentary Elections

The relationship between journalists and their sources has been described as an interdependent relationship where each part needs the other. For political actors, this relationship is particularly important during election campaigns, when their need to reach voters through the media is even more urgent than usual. This is particularly true with respect to European Parliamentary election campaigns, as these are often less salient and as people's need for orientation is greater than in national elections. However, there is only limited cross-national research on the media's use of news sources and whether there are associations between the use of news sources and media framing. This holds true for research on election campaigns in general and on European Parliamentary election campaigns in particular. Against this background, this study investigates cross-national differences and similarities in the media's use of news sources in their coverage of the 2009 European Parliamentary election campaigns and the extent to which the use of news sources is associated with the media's framing of politics and the EU. The study draws upon a quantitative content analysis of the media coverage in twelve countries. Findings suggest that there are both important similarities and differences across countries with respect to the use of news sources and that there are cases when the use of news sources is related to the framing of politics and the EU.
Forging Linkages between Dress and Law in the U.S., Part I: Rape and Sexual Harassment

This is the first of two articles in which we argue that textiles and clothing research has relevance for the legal system in the United States in several different contexts. In this paper we highlight textiles and clothing scholarship and illustrate how that scholarship could be used to inform legal practices or legislative action in the United States regarding sexual harassment and sexual assault. Textiles and clothing researchers have demonstrated that dress conveys both accurate and inaccurate messages about the wearer. However, it is evident from statutes and written judicial decisions (caselaw) that the legal community often assumes that dress accurately indicates the wearer's attitude or intent. Yet in so doing, the legal system may be relying on inaccurate inferences to inform judgments and render decisions. Recommendations are suggested for research and policy linkages between textiles and clothing research and law.
The functions of maternal verbal responses to prelinguistic infants as predictors of early communicative and linguistic development

Maternal overall verbal responsiveness to prelinguistic infants at 0;10 was analysed by categorizing responses according to their function. In addition, the predictive validity of the response categories to the child’s communicative and linguistic development at 1;0 was examined. The participants were 27 Finnish-speaking mothers and their first-born infants. The results indicated several predictive relations between the functions of maternal verbal responses and child communicative and linguistic development, while maternal overall verbal responsiveness seemed to imply aspects of verbal style only modestly. Child contributions that may account for relationships between maternal interaction and child linguistic development were also considered. The results are discussed with reference to maternal interactional sensitivity.
C26‐CoA‐dependent ceramide synthesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is operated by Lag1p and Lac1p

Lag1p and Lac1p are two highly homologous membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). When both genes are deleted, cells cannot transport glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored proteins from the ER to the Golgi at a normal rate. Here we show that microsomes or detergent extracts from lag1Δlac1Δ double mutants lack an activity transferring C26 fatty acids from C26‐coenzyme A onto dihydrosphingosine or phytosphingosine. As a consequence, in intact cells, the normal ceramides and inositolphosphorylceramides are drastically reduced. lag1Δlac1Δ cells compensate for the lack of normal sphingolipids by making increased amounts of C26 fatty acids, which become incorporated into glycerophospholipids. They also contain 20‐ to 25‐fold more free long chain bases than wild type and accumulate very large amounts of abnormally polar ceramides. They make small amounts of abnormal mild base‐resistant inositolphospholipids. The lipid remodelling of GPI‐anchored proteins is severely compromised in lag1Δlac1Δ double mutants since only few and mostly abnormal ceramides are incorporated into the GPI anchors. The participation of Lag1p and Lac1p in ceramide synthesis may explain their role in determining longevity.
THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF BIOMICROSCOPY OF THE POSTERIOR PARTS OF THE EYE*†

tree respond well, the eye was treated with 3,000r radiation. Within a short time the tumour disappeared and the visual acuity improved to 1 0. The diagnosis of a metastatic carcinoma from the bronchial tree was thus confirmed. A suspicious spot was then found by bronchoscopy and 6 months later the patient died of carcinoma of the bronchus.
MCP-1-Induced Protein Promotes Endothelial-Like and Angiogenic Properties in Human Bone Marrow Monocytic Cells

Monocytic cells enhance neovascularization by releasing proangiogenic mediators and/or by transdifferentiating into endothelial-like cells. However, the mechanisms that govern this transdifferentiation process are largely unknown. Recently, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)-induced protein (MCPIP) has been identified as a novel CCCH-type zinc-finger protein expressed primarily in monocytic cells. Here, we analyzed whether MCPIP might exert angiogenic effects by promoting differentiation of monocytic cells into endothelial cell (EC)-like phenotype. The expression of MCPIP increased during MCP-1-induced transdifferentiation in human bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs). Knockdown of MCPIP with small interfering RNA (siRNA) abolished MCP-1-induced expression of EC markers Flk-1 and Tie-2 in human BMNCs. BMNCs transfected with MCPIP expression vector displayed EC-like morphology accompanied by downregulation of monocytic markers CD14 and CD11b, upregulation of EC markers Flk-1 and Tie-2, induction of cadherin (cdh)-12 and -19, activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and autophagy. Knockdown of cdh-12 or cdh-19 markedly inhibited MCPIP-induced enhancement of cell attachment and EC-marker expression. Inhibition of ER stress by tauroursodeoxycholate abolished MCPIP-induced expression of EC markers. Inhibition of autophagy by knockdown of Beclin-1 with siRNA or by an autophagy inhibitor 3′-methyladenine inhibited MCPIP-induced expression of EC markers. Expression of MCPIP in BMNCs enhanced uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (acLDL), formation of EC-colony, incorporation of cells into capillary-like structure on Matrigel, and exhibited increased neovascularization in the ischemic hindlimb in mice. These results demonstrate that MCPIP may be an important regulator of inflammatory angiogenesis and provide novel mechanistic insights into the link between MCP-1 and cardiovascular diseases.
'Grateful Slaves' or 'Self-made Women': A Matter of Choice or Policy?

Progress towards gender equality appears to have stalled in Australia, and in this article I wish to raise a series of questions that I think we need to confront if we are to break through the current impasse around women and employment. I propose to focus primarily on the kind of ‘gender culture’ we have helped to create over the last 20 or so years of feminist reforms, and the contradictions and ambivalence that are contained within it. By gender culture I mean the norms and values that underpin what come to be de ned as the ‘desirable’ forms of gender relations in a particular society, and the accepted ideas about the division of labour between men and women. I want to argue that effective policy development has run aground on submerged ideas about motherhood and domesticity, and a failure to sustain the family as a serious object of social policy. ‘We have attempted either to cater for everyone’s image of the family under the policy buzzword, choice, or, alternatively and often simultaneously, to con ne the family to the private sphere beyond the view of policy. ’ But perhaps I need to start by defending my assertion that progress towards gender equality has stalled. There are, after all, visible dimensions on which progress continues to be made. Signi cantly, women are winning an increasing share of managerial, professional and technical jobs, and this in turn re ects another important indicator of progress—namely the increasing proportion of women undertaking tertiary education. Since 1989 there have been more women than men enrolled in Australian universities, and in the high-status areas of law and medicine, for example, little gender difference in enrolments remains. Such data immediately draw attention to less happy trends, however. The major contributor to the increased polarisation in household incomes in Australia is the presence of well-paid women in dual-income households. On the downside we have increasing numbers of households with no one in employment, and the rapid growth of the working poor—women like Emma Barclay who has three children and takes home $337 a week for her full-time job cleaning rooms in an up-market hotel in Melbourne. We have also seen the ballooning of casual, part-time and contract employment—types of employment in which women are strongly over-represented. It is becoming increasingly dif cult to talk about the economic situation of ‘women’ as such. But even when we compare men and women who work full-time we  nd that the pay
Assessment of Drinking Water Quality of Madhyapur-Thimi and Study of Antibiotic Sensitivity against Bacterial Isolates

The study was undertaken to assess the existing status of drinking water quality of Madhyapur-Thimi. A total of 105 water samples comprising 50 (47.61%) wells, 45 (42.82%) tap water and 10 (9.52%) stone spouts were randomly collected. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed following standard technique. The pH (1.9%), conductivity (34.28%) and turbidity (16.19%) of water samples had crossed the permissible guideline values as prescribed by WHO and national standard. All samples contained nitrate values within the WHO permissible value as well as national standard but hardness (2%), chloride (2.85%), iron (26.66%), ammonia (11.42%), and arsenic content (1.90%) crossed the WHO guideline value but none of the water samples crossed the national standard for arsenic. Arsenic having 0.025mg/l (25ppb) was detected from two well water samples, Makanani well and Ajimanani well. Total coliform count showed 64.76% of samples crossed the WHO guideline values. Eleven different kinds of enteric bacteria were isolated from different sources, Enterobacter spp. being the predominant. Isolates were subjected for antibiotic susceptibility pattern using ten antibiotics. Among total isolates, resistance was directed to 79.5% Erythromycin, 62.67% Penicillin G, 61.9% Amoxycillin, 34.5% Ampicillin, 21.1% Tetracycline, 15.4% Ceftriaxone, 14.7% Amikacin, 14.7% Cephotaxine, 5.6% Chlorophenical and 5.6% Ofloxacin respectively. Key words : Coliform; Enteric bacteria; Permissible value; Physicochemical; Antibiotic resistance DOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0. 2955 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 10, 2009 Page: 167-172
Framing justice: challenges for research

This paper raises questions about the apparent research commonsense that has developed in much English and Australian policy sociology in relation to neo-liberal or ‘post-welfarist’, education reform. These questions arise out of an interrogation of two evaluations of social justice in neo-liberal education contexts: Gewirtz's social justice audit which is reported in The Managerial School and an analysis of social justice in the context of training reform in Victoria, Australia. By exploring the dissonances in these two evaluations, the paper problematizes social justice within post-welfarism, the way these developments are being theorized and what counts as decisive information which serves as evidence of justice.
Preliminary Study on the Uniqueness of Barefoot Impressions

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a study to determine the uniqueness of barefoot impressions. A computer based search process has been developed in an attempt to demonstrate that the morphology of a human foot creates an impression that is unique to that individual. Using inked barefoot impressions from volunteers, the computer search uses 38 different measurements taken for each pair of feet. Searches through the present database of more than 3800 impressions, produced a possible match only when the print being searched is already in the data base. In these cases, a visual examination of the “matched” foot prints was sufficient to determine that they were from the same individual. The results to date, therefore, are consistent with the idea of the uniqueness of barefoot impressions.
Correlation between oral health in disabled children and depressive symptoms in their mothers.

AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and degree of depressive symptoms in mothers of disabled children and to assess the correlation between maternal major depression risk and son/daughter oral health. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted in 51 disabled children and their 51 mothers. In children dmft/DMFT values, food and/or sugar- sweetened consumption levels and daily tooth brushing frequency were evaluated. Depressive maternal symptoms were measured by EDPS questionnaire: the questionnaire scores were converted into positive predictive values (PPV) that represented the risk of falling into major depression. A regression analysis was performed on the variables (statical significance was set at p value ≤ 0.05). RESULTS Children (8.68 ± 3.98 years old) average dmft/DMFT was 2.7. Fifty three percent of the mothers (38.37 ± 6.04 years) were at risk for depression (PPV > 60%), while depressive symptoms were already present in 25% of the subjects (PPV=100%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Mothers of disabled children are more likely to fall into major depression compared to mothers of healthy children. For each mother-child couple the correlation between different variables was evaluated: there was a statistically significant correlation between children's dmft/DMFT values and mothers' depression risk. The risk of maternal depression was statistically correlated to prevalence of caries and sugar consumption in children.
The Evolution of Republican and Democratic Positions on Cold War Military Spending

The domestic politics of American military spending during the Cold War confronts scholars with an important but often overlooked puzzle: the two major parties appear to have switched positions on the issue. During the early Cold War era, Democrats were generally supportive of increased military spending, while Republicans were critical. After the mid-1960s, Democrats increasingly tended to oppose larger military budgets, while Republicans more often favored them. This article presents evidence about the process through which this change took place. It identifies several developments in the domestic and international environments that may have contributed to this party switch and evaluates preliminary evidence about each of them.
Surgery versus prolonged conservative treatment for sciatica: 5-year results of a randomised controlled trial

Objective This study describes the 5 years’ results of the Sciatica trial focused on pain, disability, (un)satisfactory recovery and predictors for unsatisfactory recovery. Design A randomised controlled trial. Setting Nine Dutch hospitals. Participants Five years’ follow-up data from 231 of 283 patients (82%) were collected. Intervention Early surgery or an intended 6 months of conservative treatment. Main outcome measures Scores from Roland disability questionnaire, visual analogue scale (VAS) for leg and back pain and a Likert self-rating scale of global perceived recovery were analysed. Results There were no significant differences between groups on the 5 years’ primary outcome scores. Despite at least 6 months of conservative treatment 46% of the conservatively allocated patients were treated surgically because of severe leg pain and disability. Forty-nine (21%) patients had an unsatisfactory recovery at 5 years and the recovery pattern showed that there was a variable group of 66 patients (31%) with at least one unsatisfactory outcome at 1, 2 or 5 years of follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (>40; OR 2.42 (95% CI 1.16 to 5.02)), severity of leg pain (VAS >70; OR 3.32 (95% CI 1.69 to 6.54)) and the Mc Gill affective score (score >3; OR 6.23 (95% CI 2.23 to 17.38)) were the only significant predictors for an unsatisfactory outcome at 5 years. Conclusions In the long term, 8% of the patients with sciatica never showed any recovery and in at least 23%, sciatica appears to result in ongoing complaints, which fluctuate over time, irrespective of treatment. Prolonged conservative care might give patients a fair chance for pain and disability to resolve without surgery, but with the risk to receive delayed surgery after prolonged suffering of sciatica. Age above 40 years, severe leg pain at baseline and a higher affective Mc Gill pain score were predictors for unsatisfactory recovery. Trial Registry ISRCT No 26872154.
How Has the 9/11 Terrorist Attack Influenced Decision Making?

SUMMARY This paper investigates the effects of September 11, 2001 terrorists’ attack on decision making. It was hypothesized that after terrorists’ attacks people would make more conservative and less risky decisions, as a way of compensating for the feelings of insecurity caused by the disaster. Prospect Theory is used as theoretical framework. This theory has successfully accounted for decision making under normal circumstances. To verify whether and how the terrorists’ attack against the USA influenced individual decision making processes, two samples of Italian university students were tested, one month and six months after the disaster. The results show the emergence of two tendencies, which are absent during ‘normal’ historical periods: a strong, long-term lasting search for security when the outcome of a decision is perceived as a gain, and a medium-term risk avoiding behavior in the loss domain. Copyright # 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘My blog is me’: Texts and persons in UK online journal culture (and anthropology)

Much anthropological critical reflection has centred on the act of text production. In particular, anthropologists have become concerned to understand the strategic status of their own texts and to seek to impose new constraints on their writing. In this paper, I want to explore further the kind of knowledge anthropologists can have of text. However, my focus is not on the dynamics of language and composition, but rather on the consequences of reception. This emphasis derives from my ethnography of UK webloggers (online journal keepers), a group of text producers for whom publication is automatic, the beginning rather than the endpoint of any claim to knowing. Their concern is with the practical mediatory role of weblogs, which includes exploring the kinds of persons these digital texts can become and the kinds of relations they can be shown to contain.