Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Notch1 Mutations Are Drivers of Oral Tumorigenesis

Disruption of NOTCH1 signaling was recently discovered in head and neck cancer. This study aims to evaluate NOTCH1 alterations in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and compare the occurrence of these mutations in Chinese and Caucasian populations. We used a high-throughput PCR-based enrichment technology and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to sequence NOTCH1 in 144 samples collected in China. Forty-nine samples were normal oral mucosa from patients undergoing oral surgery, 45 were oral leukoplakia biopsies, and 50 were chemoradiation-naïve OSCC samples with 22 paired-normal tissues from the adjacent unaffected areas. NOTCH1 mutations were found in 54% of primary OSCC and 60% of premalignant lesions. Importantly, almost 60% of patients with leukoplakia with mutated NOTCH1 carried mutations that were also identified in OSCC, indicating an important role of these clonal events in the progression of early neoplasms. We then compared all known NOTCH1 mutations identified in Chinese patients with OSCC with those reported in Caucasians to date. Although we found obvious overlaps in critical regulatory NOTCH1 domains alterations and identified specific mutations shared by both groups, possible gain-of-function mutations were predominantly seen in Chinese population. Our findings demonstrate that premalignant lesions display NOTCH1 mutations at an early stage and are thus bona fide drivers of OSCC progression. Moreover, our results reveal that NOTCH1 promotes distinct tumorigenic mechanisms in patients from different ethnical populations. Cancer Prev Res; 8(4); 277–86. ©2014 AACR. See related perspectives, p. 259 and p. 262
Do Users Experience Real Sociability Through Social TV? Analyzing Parasocial Behavior in Relation to Social TV

The purpose of this study is to explore the ways in which users build parasocial relationships via social TV, and the implications for sociability and usability in future media. Focusing on parasocial behavior, this study examines how sociability and usability influence the attitudes and intentions of social TV (STV) users. The findings from experiments and a user survey indicate mediating and moderating roles of parasociability in the effect of performance on intention. The results showed that STV viewing and interaction were positively associated with parasocial experience. Parasocial relationships and interaction, in turn, were positively associated with the viewers’ perception of usability and sociability, and intentions. This study reveals the links among an emerging media experience, social TV, and users’ interaction with mediated realities.
The Efficient Secret: The Cabinet and the Development of Political Parties in Victorian England

A molding retainer having an apertured molding engaging cross plate and an attaching bolt secured to the cross plate includes a wire spring arm for biasing the cross plate into a molding engaging attitude. The wire spring arm is clamped against the underside of the cross plate by a flange on the bolt shank disposed beneath the cross plate and spaced from the head of the bolt. The bolt is nonrotatably locked to the cross plate through the aggressive engagement of the walls of the polygonal aperture in the cross plate by a bolt shank section of corresponding polygonal configuration which shank section is formed by the deformation and axial flow of the bolt material incident to the forming of the bolt head, which forming is carried out subsequent to the seating of the bolt in the cross plate aperture. An improved method of joining the cross plate and bolt components of a molding retainer is also disclosed.
Binding of cations in Bacillus subtilis phosphoribosyldiphosphate synthetase and their role in catalysis

The binding sites for the two cations essential for the catalytic function of 5‐phospho‐d‐ribosyl α‐1‐diphosphate (PRPP) synthases have been identified from the structure of the Bacillus subtilis phosphoribosyldiphosphate synthetase (PRPPsase) with bound Cd2+. The structure determined from X‐ray diffraction data to 2.8‐Å resolution reveals the same hexameric arrangement of the subunits that was observed in the complexes of the enzyme with the activator sulfate and the allosteric inhibitor ADP. Two cation binding sites were localized in each of the two domains of the subunits that compose the hexamer; each domain of the subunit has an associated cation. In addition to the bound Cd2+, the Cd2+‐PRPPsase structure contains a sulfate ion in the regulatory site, a sulfate ion at the ribose‐5‐phosphate binding site, and an AMP moiety at the ATP binding site. Comparison of the Cd2+‐PRPPsase to the structures of the PRPPsase complexed with sulfate and mADP reveals the structural rearrangement induced by the binding of the free cation, which is essential for the initiation of the reaction. The comparison to the cPRPP complex of glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase from Escherichia coli, a type I phosphoribosyltransferase, provided information about the binding of PRPP. This strongly indicates that the binding of both substrates must lead to a stabilized conformation of the loop region, which remains unresolved in the known PRPPsase complex structures.
Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis in allergic diseases

In this chapter, we introduce the concepts and methodologies of population analysis as applied to analyzing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. One of the key determining characteristics of the population approach is that through it, one seeks not only to characterize deterministic trends in the data, but also to identify and estimate the magnitudes of the important sources of variability within the data. The first section of this chapter provides an introduction to the primary concepts of, and motivation for, population modeling by way of a hypothetical case study. Then, the various methodologies that have been employed throughout the history of population analysis are described in further detail. Of these, the most commonly employed today is nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME) modeling. Finally, notable examples of the application of population PK and PK/PD modeling to treatments for allergies and asthma are discussed. Population PK models have frequently been used to extrapolate exposures to special populations, such as pediatrics, as well as to optimize treatment regimens and trial designs for these populations. Population PK/PD models have most frequently been applied to analyzing and interpreting data from wheal and flare trials, but are also becoming increasingly important in the analysis of PD data from monoclonal antibodies.
The 3' untranslated region of coronavirus RNA is required for subgenomic mRNA transcription from a defective interfering RNA

The 3'-end of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) genomic RNA contains a recognition sequence (55 nucleotides [nt]) required for minus-strand RNA synthesis. To determine whether the 3'-end sequence is also involved in subgenomic mRNA transcription, we have constructed MHV defective interfering (DI) RNAs which contain a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene placed behind an intergenic sequence and a 3'-end sequence with various degrees of internal deletions. The DI RNAs were transfected into MHV-infected cells, and CAT activities, which represent subgenomic mRNA transcription from the intergenic site, were determined. The results demonstrated that the deletions of sequence upstream of the 350 nt at the 3'-end, which include the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR), of MHV genomic RNA did not affect subgenomic mRNA transcription. However, deletions that reduced the 3'-end sequences to 270 nt or less completely abolished the mRNA transcription despite the fact that all of these clones synthesized minus-strand RNAs. These results indicated that mRNA transcription from an intergenic site in the MHV DI RNA requires most of the 3'-UTR as a cis-acting signal, which likely exerts its effects during plus-strand RNA synthesis. A substitution of the corresponding bovine coronavirus sequence for the MHV sequence within nt 270 to 305 from the 3'-end abrogated the CAT gene expression, suggesting a very rigid sequence requirement in this region. The deletion of a putative pseudoknot structure within the 3'-UTR also abolished the CAT gene expression. These findings suggest that the 3'-UTR may interact with the other RNA regulatory elements to regulate mRNA transcription.
Improved Alpha Testing Using Hashed Sampling

We further describe and analyze the idea of <italic>hashed alpha testing</italic> from Wyman and McGuire <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref> , which builds on stochastic alpha testing and simplifies stochastic transparency. Typically, <italic>alpha testing</italic> provides a simple mechanism to mask out complex silhouettes using simple proxy geometry with applied alpha textures. While widely used, alpha testing has a long-standing problem: geometry can disappear entirely as alpha mapped polygons recede with distance. As foveated rendering for virtual reality spreads, this problem worsens as peripheral minification and prefiltering introduce this problem on <italic>nearby</italic> objects. We first introduce the notion of <italic>stochastic alpha testing</italic>, which replaces a fixed alpha threshold of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha _\tau =0.5$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="wyman-ieq1-2739149.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> with a randomly chosen <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha _\tau \in [0.1)$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="wyman-ieq2-2739149.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. This entirely avoids the problem of disappearing alpha-tested geometry, but introduces temporal noise. <italic>Hashed alpha testing</italic> uses a hash function to choose <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha _\tau$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="wyman-ieq3-2739149.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> procedurally. With a good hash function and inputs, hashed alpha testing maintains distant geometry without introducing more temporal flicker than traditional alpha testing. We also describe how hashed alpha interacts with temporal antialiasing and applies to alpha-to-coverage and screen-door transparency. Because hashed alpha testing addresses alpha test aliasing by introducing stable sampling, it has implications in other domains where increased sample stability is desirable. We show how our hashed sampling might apply to other stochastic effects.
Evaluation of the impact of quality management systems on school climate

Purpose – Implementation of quality management systems in educational institutions has gradually increased over the last few decades, even though there are still questions about the actual usefulness of these systems for improving school processes and outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to take an in-depth look at the impact, understood as sustainable medium- and long-term changes in the organisation, which implementation of quality management systems has on schools. Specifically, it analyses the effect these systems have on an essential dimension for school efficiency, which is school climate, as well as on satisfaction of the members of the education community. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve this, the authors conducted an evaluation of the impact of quality management systems on a total of 29 Spanish primary and secondary education schools. This study is part of non-experimental research, since it is not possible to manipulate variables or randomly assign participants or treatment (Kerlinge.
Mild traumatic brain injury among a cohort of rugby union players: predictors of time to injury

This study reports the time to sustain a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) among a cohort of community rugby union players. Demographic and player characteristics were collected and players followed up for between one and three playing seasons. 7% of the cohort sustained an mTBI within 10 h of game time, increasing twofold to 14% within 20 h. The mean time to first mTBI was 8 h with an SD of 6.2 (median 6.8 h; IQR: 2.9–11.7 h). Players reporting a recent history of concussion were 20% more likely to sustain an mTBI after 20 h of game time compared with those with no recent history of concussion. Players were likely to sustain an mTBI in shorter time if they trained for <3 h/week (HR=1.48, p=0.03) or had a body mass index <27 (HR=1.77, p=0.007). The findings highlight modifiable characteristics to reduce the likelihood of shortened time to mTBI.
Longitudinal Study of Callosal Microstructure in the Normal Adult Aging Brain Using Quantitative DTI Fiber Tracking

We present a review of neuroimaging studies of normal adult aging conducted with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and data from one of the first longitudinal studies using DTI to study normal aging. To date, virtually all DTI studies of normal adult aging have been cross-sectional and have identified several patterns of white matter microstructural sparing and compromise that differentiate regional effects, fiber type, and diffusivity characteristics: (1) fractional anisotropy (FA) is lower and mean diffusivity is higher in older than younger adults, (2) aging is characterized by an anterior-to-posterior gradient of greater-to-lesser compromise also seen in superior-to-inferior fiber systems, and (3) association fibers connecting cortical sites appear to be more vulnerable to aging than projection fibers. The results of this longitudinal study of the macrostructure and microstructure of the corpus callosum yielded a consistent pattern of differences between healthy, young (20s to 30s) and elderly (60s to 70s) men and women without change over 2 years. We then divided the fibers of the corpus callosum into the midsagittal strip and the lateral distal fibers in an attempt to identify the locus of the age-related differences. The results indicated that, on average, mean values of FA and longitudinal diffusivity (λL) were lower in the distal than midsagittal fibers in both groups, but the age effects and the anterior-to-posterior gradients were more pronounced for the distal than midsagittal fibers and extended more posteriorly in the distal than midsagittal fibers. Despite lack of evidence for callosal aging over 2 years, ventricular enlargement occurred and was disproportionately greater in the elderly relative to the young group, being 8.2% in the elderly but only 1.2% in the young group. Thus, different brain regions can express different rates of change with aging. Our longitudinal DTI data indicate that normal aging is associated with declining FA and increasing diffusivity in both λL (longitudinal diffusivity) and λT (transverse diffusivity), perhaps defining the normal ontological condition rather than a pathological one, which can be marked by low FA and low diffusivity.
Length-dependent processing of telomeres in the absence of telomerase

In the absence of telomerase, telomeres progressively shorten with every round of DNA replication, leading to replicative senescence. In telomerase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the shortest telomere triggers the onset of senescence by activating the DNA damage checkpoint and recruiting homologous recombination (HR) factors. Yet, the molecular structures that trigger this checkpoint and the mechanisms of repair have remained elusive. By tracking individual telomeres, we show that telomeres are subjected to different pathways depending on their length. We first demonstrate a progressive accumulation of subtelomeric single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) through 5′-3′ resection as telomeres shorten. Thus, exposure of subtelomeric ssDNA could be the signal for cell cycle arrest in senescence. Strikingly, early after loss of telomerase, HR counteracts subtelomeric ssDNA accumulation rather than elongates telomeres. We then asked whether replication repair pathways contribute to this mechanism. We uncovered that Rad5, a DNA helicase/Ubiquitin ligase of the error-free branch of the DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathway, associates with native telomeres and cooperates with HR in senescent cells. We propose that DDT acts in a length-independent manner, whereas an HR-based repair using the sister chromatid as a template buffers precocious 5′-3′ resection at the shortest telomeres.
Part-of-speech implications of affixes

This paper describes a systematic investigation of the extent to which the part of speech of words can be identified from their prefixes and suffixes. The results indicate that it is possible to determine, with 95 per cent accuracy, the inclusive part of speech of an affixed word from a consideration of its prefixes, suffixes, and length. By "inclusive" parts of speech we mean a string that will include all of the parts of speech assigned by both dictionaries considered but that may include one or two extraneous parts of speech. The extra parts of speech will differ according to the class of words, as adjectives may have an extra part-of-speech "noun" or "adverb," while nouns may have an extra part-of-speech "verb. " The part-of-speech implications of seventy-two prefixes and of eightyseven suffixes are given. In a highly inflected language, the structure of a word is indicative of its syntactic role. A relationship between form and part of speech might also be expected in English, a language not highly inflected but closely related to more inflected languages. Such a relationship was noted by J. Dolby and H. Resnikoff, 1 who show that a high percentage of a set of words called “elementary words” (roughly equivalent to the set of onesyllable words) can be used as nouns, adjectives, or verbs, while a high percentage of the remaining multisyllable words can be used only as nouns or adjectives. If this relation can be regarded as a general rule, and if subrules can be developed to cover the considerable number of exceptions to the general rule, it will be possible to identify part of speech by algorithm. Intuitively, it would be expected that prefixes and suffixes are key structural elements; this expectation is reinforced by the structure of the European languages whose beginnings and endings indicate the grammatical properties of words. A logical step in an effort to classify words from their structure is to examine the relationship between the affixes of words and their part-of-speech possibilities as listed in a dictionary. The part-of-speech information from The Shorter Oxford Dictionary 2 and from the Merriam Webster New International Dictionary 3 was recorded on magnetic tape. A computer was used to correlate the affixes of words with their part-of-speech possibilities. A total of 73,582 words was recorded, but, of course, not all of these words contain affixes.
Tools for External Plagiarism Detection in DOCODE

In this paper we describe the algorithms and tools offered by DOCODE, a system for plagiarism detection in educational institutions, with a special focus on the task of external plagiarism detection using the Web as a source of information. In that context, although DOCODE is a full-featured system based on several algorithms, our main contribution is an algorithm that given a document is capable of retrieving similar or related documents from the Web, tackling the problem of external plagiarism detection. However, all our algorithms work together to provide high-level plagiarism detection functionalities to our users. Therefore, here we also give details about how these functionalities are bundled and presented in ad-hoc Web-based user interfaces for different kinds of clients, supporting the decision-making process regarding possible plagiarism cases.
Duygusal Tükenmişlik ve Kurumsal Adalet İlişkisi: Özel Bir Hastanede Görev Yapan Hemşireler Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yogun rekabetin yasandigi piyasa kosullarinda orgutleri ayakta tutacak unsurlardan biri de orgutsel adalet kavramidir. Calisanlara yonelik adaletli tutum, onlarin stres, catisma ve tukenmislik duzeylerinin kontrolunde onemli olcude etkilidir. Bu arastirmada, calisanlarin orgutsel adalet algilamalari ile tukenmislik duzeyleri arasindaki muhtemel iliskinin arastirilmasi amaclanmaktadir. Orgutsel adalet kavrami dagitimsal, islemsel ve etkilesimsel adalet alt boyutlari ile incelenirken; tukenmislik sendromu duygusal tukenmislik boyutu ile ele alinmistir. Arastirmanin orneklemini Kayseri ilinde hizmet veren ozel bir hastanenin hemsireleri olusturmaktadir. Arastirmada yuz-yuze anket yontemi kullanilarak 210 calisanla arastirma gerceklestirilmistir. Calismada, orgutsel adaletin alt boyutlari ile duygusal tukenmislik arasindaki muhtemel iliski esas alinarak kurgulanan arastirma sorulari ve hipotezler analiz edilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler : Orgutsel Adalet, Orgutsel Adalet Boyutlari, Tukenmislik Sendromu, Duygusal Tukenmislik
The “sick-lit” question and the death education answer. Papageno versus Werther effects in adolescent suicide prevention

Abstract This study analyzes the “sick-lit” narrative phenomenon, a story writing genre rooted in self-harm and suicide, which seems to be gaining remarkable popularity amongst adolescents. This success is a symptom of young people’s need to address the issue of death. The qualitative research was composed of two parts: the first explored the ambivalent representation of sick-lit on the internet, where two opposing factions argue about its educative usefulness vs. its potentially dangerous copycat effect. The second part investigated six novels and their representations of self-harm, death, sufferance and suicide. The analysis confuted the idea that sick-lit may be a positive instrument for making adolescents aware of mortality and showed the need to transform the Werther risk effect into the Papageno possibility by exploring the content of these books with adolescents in death education courses.
The Role of Identity Salience in the Leisure Behavior of Film Festival Participants

Abstract This paper examines several central constructs regarding leisure behaviors and the dynamic relationships among these key variables to develop a social psychological model that explains participation at the Busan International Film Festival. Moreover, by examining identity salience (IS), this study develops a comprehensive socio-psychological model for film festival participation. Using data from the Busan International Film Festival participants, the study discloses the prominent role that IS plays in explaining behavioral loyalty toward a film festival. Further, the formative variables influencing IS, such as enduring involvement (EI), psychological commitment (PC), and social norms (SN) are tested simultaneously. Varying degrees of influence from EI on IS are found. PC and SN also prove to be significant precursor of IS, while both IS and PC concomitantly affect participants' loyalty toward the festival. IS is found to be a significant determinant of film festival participation as a leisure behavior, and the paper contributes to our understanding of how this behavior emerges and changes. By uncovering a complex motivational structure behind this behavior, the paper assists practitioners with insights into how participants may form and maintain their loyalty to their leisure interests.