Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pre-weaning dietary iron deficiency impairs spatial learning and memory in the cognitive holeboard task in piglets

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in humans, affecting more than two billion people worldwide. Early-life iron deficiency can lead to irreversible deficits in learning and memory. The pig represents a promising model animal for studying such deficits, because of its similarities to humans during early development. We investigated the effects of pre-weaning dietary iron deficiency in piglets on growth, blood parameters, cognitive performance, and brain histology later in life. Four to six days after birth, 10 male sibling pairs of piglets were taken from 10 different sows. One piglet of each pair was given a 200 mg iron dextran injection and fed a control milk diet for 28 days (88 mg Fe/kg), whereas the other sibling was given a saline injection and fed an iron deficient (ID) milk diet (21 mg Fe/kg). Due to severely retarded growth of two of the ID piglets, only eight ID piglets were tested behaviorally. After dietary treatment, all piglets were fed a balanced commercial pig diet (190–240 mg Fe/kg). Starting at 7.5 weeks of age, piglets were tested in a spatial cognitive holeboard task. In this task, 4 of 16 holes contain a hidden food reward, allowing measurement of working (short-term) memory and reference (long-term) memory (RM) simultaneously. All piglets received 40–60 acquisition trials, followed by a 16-trial reversal phase. ID piglets showed permanently retarded growth and a strong decrease in blood iron parameters during dietary treatment. After treatment, ID piglets' blood iron values restored to normal levels. In the holeboard task, ID piglets showed impaired RM learning during acquisition and reversal. Iron staining at necropsy at 12 weeks of age showed that ID piglets had fewer iron-containing cells in hippocampal regions CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG). The number of iron-containing cells in CA3 correlated positively with the average RM score during acquisition across all animals. Our results support the hypothesis that early-life iron deficiency leads to lasting cognitive deficits. The piglet as a model animal, tested in the holeboard, can be useful in future research for assessing long-term cognitive effects of early-life diets or diet-induced deficiencies.
INSTRUCTION IN A PRIMARY LANGUAGE: A STRATEGY FOR TEACHING CHILDREN WHO ARE DEAF

Approaches for teaching learners who are deaf in Kenya has been surrounded by a cacophony of strategies, to an extend that teachers are left in a state of continues conceptual tossing while learners remain actualities of trial and error approaches that have been supported by limited evidence based research. The main dilemma has been the bilingual model of Kenyan education curriculum delivery a factor that has been considered to have been confounded by the visual communication nature for learners who are deaf. Kenyan Sign language (KSL) is the primary language for children who are deaf in Kenya. As they go to school, learners who are deaf are expected to learn in both KSL and English. This paper will discuss the outcomes of using a learner’s primary language (sign language) to teach other school subjects among deaf children, will present pertinent research, and will propose instructional adaptations for all teachers working with deaf children.
What is eHealth?: a systematic review of published definitions.

CONTEXT The term eHealth is widely used by many individuals, academic institutions, professional bodies and funding organisations. It has become an accepted neologism despite the lack of an agreed-upon clear or precise definition. We believe that communication among the many individuals and organisations that use the term could be improved by comprehensive data about the range of meanings encompassed by the term. OBJECTIVE To report the results of a systematic review of published, suggested or proposed definitions of eHealth. DATA SOURCES Using hte search query string 'eHealth' OR 'e-Health' OR 'electronic health', we searched the following databases: Medline and Premedline (1996-June 2004), EMBASE (1980-May 2004), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-May 2004), Web of Science (all years), Information Sciences Abstracts (1996-May 2004), Library Information Sciences Abstracts (1969-May 2004), and Wilson Business Abstracts (1982-March 2004), In addition, we searched dictionaries and an Internet search engine. STUDY SELECTION We included any source published in either print format or on the Internet, available in English, and containing text that defines or attempts to define eHealth in explicit terms. Two of us independently reviewed titles and abstracts of citations identified in the bibliographic databases and Internet search, reaching consensus on relevance by discussion. DATA EXTRACTION We retrieved relevant reports, articles, references, letters and websites containing definitions of eHealth. Two of us qualitatively analysed the definitions and coded them for content, emerging themes, patterns and novel ideas. DATA SYNTHESIS The 51 unique definitions that we retrieved showed a wide range of themes, but no clear consensus about the meaning of the term eHealth. We identified two universal themes (health and technology) and six less general (commerce, activities, stakeholders, outcomes, place, and perspectives). CONCLUSIONS The widespread use of the term eHealth suggests that it is an important concept, and that there is a tacit understanding of its meaning. This compendium of proposed definitions may improve communication among the many individuals and organisations that use the term.
Recurrent copy number gain of transcription factor SOX2 and corresponding high protein expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Gene copy number aberrations are involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development. To delineate candidate genes inside critical chromosomal regions, array‐CGH was applied to 40 OSCC specimens using a microarray covering the whole human genome with an average resolution of 1 Mb. Gene copy number gains were predominantly found at 1q23 (9 cases), 3q26 (11), 5p15 (13), 7p11 (7), 8q24 (17), 11q13 (15), 14q32 (8), 19p13 (8), 19q12 (7), 19q13 (8), and 20q13 (9), whereas gene copy number losses were detected at 3p21‐3p12 (15), 8p32 (11), 10p12 (8), and 18q21‐q23 (10). Subsequent mRNA expression analyses by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction found high mRNA expression of candidate genes SOX2 in 3q26.33, FSLT3 in 19p13.3, and CCNE1 in 19q12. Tissue microarray (TMA) analyses in a representative OSCC collection found gene copy number gain for SOX2 in 52% (115/223) and for CCNE1 in 31% (72/233) of the tumors. Immunohistochemical analyses on TMA sections of the corresponding proteins detected high expression of SOX2 in 18.1% (49/271) and of CyclinE1 in 23.3% (64/275) of tumors analyzed. These findings indicate that SOX2 and CCNE1 might be activated via gene copy number gain and participate in oral carcinogenesis. The combination of array‐CGH with TMA analyses allows rapid pinpointing of novel promising candidate genes, which might be used as therapeutic stratification markers or target molecules for therapeutic interference. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of Oxidative Stress-Regulated Bcl-3 Suppresses CTCF in Corneal Epithelial Cells

Epigenetic factor CTCF (CCCTC binding factor) plays important roles in genetic controls of the cell fate. Previous studies found in corneal epithelial cells that CTCF is regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) through activation of NF-κB p65/p50. It also found that CTCF is suppressed in ultraviolet (UV) stress-induced corneal epithelial cells. However, it is still unknown how UV stress down-regulates CTCF affecting the cell fate. In the present study, we report that regulation of CTCF by extracellular stress signals is dependent upon activations of an oxidative stress-regulated protein Bcl-3. We found that activated Bcl-3 was able to bind to the κB sites identified in the CTCF promoter region. Bcl-3 was activated by UV irradiation to interact with NF-κB p50 by forming a Bcl-3/p50 heterodimer complex. The Bcl-3/p50 complex suppressed CTCF promoter activity to down-regulate CTCF transcription. Unlike the effect of EGF, UV stress-induced Bcl-3 activation suppressed CTCF activity without involving the IκBα and p65 pathway. Thus, results of the study reveal a novel mechanism for regulatory control of CTCF in UV stress-induced human corneal epithelial cells, which requires activation and formation of Bcl-3/p50 complex through a noncanonical NF-κB pathway.
Direct Measurement of Temporal Transmission Distribution of a Saturable Absorber in a Passively Q-Switched Laser

An in situ temporal decay and spatial distribution of the transmission of a Cr<sup>4+</sup>:YAG saturable absorber in a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser were measured simultaneously by a scanning transmission focused laser beam method. An excited ion decay time of 4 μs and a top hat (saturated) transmission distribution were clearly observed. The ratio of the ground-state absorption cross section and the excited-state absorption cross section (σ<sub>SAπ</sub>/σ<sub>ESAπ</sub>) for π-polarized light to the S<sub>4</sub> local symmetry axis of Cr<sup>4+</sup> center was measured at approximately 4.1-4.2. Using a theoretical fitting of the transmission distributions, we found the ground-state absorption cross sections to be at 1 × 10<sup>-17</sup> and 2.3 × 10<sup>-19</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> for π and for σ-polarized light to the S<sub>4</sub> local symmetry axis of Cr<sup>4+</sup> center, respectively. The value of the excited-state absorption cross section was also estimated correspond to 2.4 × 10<sup>-18</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>.
Materialism, Sociocultural Appearance Messages, and Paternal Attitudes Predict College Women's Attitudes About Cosmetic Surgery

Rates of cosmetic surgery procedures have increased dramatically over the past several decades, but only recently have studies of cosmetic surgery attitudes among the general population begun to appear in the literature. The vast majority of those who undergo cosmetic surgery are women. We examined cosmetic surgery attitudes among 218 undergraduate women, most of whom were White. Specifically, we examined their acceptance of cosmetic surgery and expressed desire to undergo cosmetic surgery procedures, and several potential predictors: appearance attitudes of mothers, fathers, and friends; awareness and internalization of sociocultural appearance messages; and materialism. Multiple regression analyses indicated that materialism and internalization of sociocultural messages consistently emerged as significant predictors of acceptance of cosmetic surgery and desire for cosmetic surgery procedures. Paternal attitudes positively predicted acceptance of cosmetic surgery for social reasons and desire for cosmetic surgery; nonmaterialism negatively predicted considering cosmetic surgery and the desire for cosmetic surgery procedures.
Evaluation of the Vitek GPS-TA card for laboratory detection of high-level gentamicin and streptomycin resistance in enterococci

The Vitek GPS-TA card (Vitek Systems, Hazelwood, Mo.) was compared with single-concentration broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods using high-content disks for the detection of high-level resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin in 99 isolates of enterococci (81 Enterococcus faecalis isolates and 18 Enterococcus faecium isolates). The GPS-TA card accurately detected high-level resistance to gentamicin, but not streptomycin, in E. faecalis. When streptomycin is being considered for therapy, either disk diffusion or time-kill studies should be used to confirm susceptible results obtained by Vitek testing. Additional studies are needed to determine the best method for testing E. faecium isolates.
Automated Amidolytic Method for AT III Determination

Dear Madam, Amidolytic methods have been proposed for the determination of antithrombin III (AT III) (5). These methods are satisfactory but require great care concerning dilutions and incubation times. Thus, we developed an automated method, which can be applied directly to plasma, without any previous dilution, in contrast to the 2 techniques already described using an AKES analyser (4) or a GEMSAEC centrifugal analyser (6). The apparatus used is a Gilford 3500. It is provided with 14 cuvette holders that contain 4 cuvettes each: thus, 56 samples may be analysed in a series. The details of the technique are mentioned in Table 1. The reagents of the coatest AT III Kabi have been used and prepared according to the instructions of the manufacturer. Plasma samples distributed in the cuvettes are subsequently automatically pipetted and diluted in the heparin buffer contained in syringe A. The 2 other syringes deliver thrombin and the mixture substrate + polybrene. The reproducibility of the method has been tested on the same plasma measured 15 consecutive times: the coefficient of variation is 0.80. In addition, a mixture of 20 different normal plamas, frozen into aliquots at — 30° C has been measured on 6 different days over a 1 month period: the coefficient of variation is 0.97. The plasma AT III has been measured in various physiological and pathological conditions: 47 subjects of both sex, 11 pregnant women, 77 patients: 7 with liver cirrhosis, 20 with diabetes, 5 asparaginase-treated patients, 34 treated by anticoagulants (12 by intravenous heparin, 22 by coumarin derivatives), and 11 congenital AT III deficiencies (5 without treatment, 6 treated by coumarin-derivatives). The results are shown in Table 2. As compared to the calibration curve, obtained with the lyophilized normal plasma of the kit, the normal subjects have a slighly higher plasma AT III level: mean 103.4%, range: 88 to 117%. A statistically significant decrease in AT III is observed in pregnancy, liver cirrhosis, asparaginase and heparin-treated patients, as already reported with immunological or von Kaulla’s methods, sometimes amidolytic methods, and recently reviewed (2,7). The
THE EFFECT OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND JOB SATISFACTION TOWARD INTENTION TO LEAVE OF PLAZA BANGUNAN & ELECTRONIC CALACA, MANADO

In the present days’ competition in the home appliance market are very strong between each other. For a company to survive, they require employees to be able to bring a competitive advantage to their company. Employees is one of the resources that needs to make company exist. The purpose of this research is to find the effect of perceived organizational support and job satisfaction toward employee’s intention to leave at Plaza Bangunan & Electronic Calaca, Manado. This research is a causal research and using quantitative approach. The data was taken using questionnaire to 59 respondents which are the employee of Plaza Bangunan & Electronic Calaca, Manado by using saturated sampling method. Multiple regression analysis method is applied in this research. Research result shows that perceived organizational support and job satisfaction have significant negative effect on intention to leave simultaneously, and also perceived organizational support has significant negatif effect on intention to leave partially with job satisfaction has significant negatif effect on intention to leave partially. As the recommendation, it is better for the company to keep a good quality of their organizational suppport and maintain the satisfaction for the employees. Keywords: organizational support, job satisfaction, intention to leave.
The Influence of Normative Feedback and Expectancy Violation on Attitudes Related to Sexual Assault

Sexual assault is a complex problem, and there is no set of best practices for sexual assault prevention and education programs. Social norms marketing and expectancy violations, however, have been proposed to be influential factors that may aid in increasing prosocial attitudes related to sexual assault. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of social norm feedback and expectancy violations on attitudes related to sexual assault and bystander intervention. Participants in the study included 244 undergraduate and graduate students who completed an experiment embedded in an online survey. Results indicated that there were no significant effects of expectancy violation or social norm feedback on participants’ bystander attitudes, perceptions of peers’ bystander attitudes, behavioral intent to help, or acceptance of rape myths. Overall, bystander attitudes were significantly associated with perceptions of peers’ bystander attitudes and rape myth acceptance. The results also revealed some unique correlational patterns between bystander attitudes, perceptions of peers’ bystander attitudes, and rape myth acceptance within each level of the independent variable. Theoretical and practical implications for these findings are discussed in detail. INDEX WORDS: sexual assault, bystander intervention, social norms, expectancy violation
ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA REFERENTE À TEMÁTICA DE SUSTENTABILIDADE EM PESQUISAS DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO

Sustainability has become an increasingly popular topic in administration research projects, with a great number of researchers trying to understand and apply it to the corporate world. The general objective of the present study consists of investigating the theoretical perspectives of scientific production on sustainability in administration present in the annals of the Anpad Meeting and in the “Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental”, over an eight-year period. The research encompasses the characteristics of authorship, methodological procedures and theoretical groundwork, as well as the qualitative characteristics of the selected articles. It is a qualitative study, characterized as descriptive research, with the application of bibliometrics and content analysis. 103 articles, published in the Anpad Meeting (annual editions, from 2003 to 2010) and in the “Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental” (published three times a year, from 2007 to 2010), were analyzed. The results revealed an increase in scientific production on sustainability, demonstrating this topic’s growing maturity. In a more punctual way, researchers identified a tendency towards co-authorship; methodological diversity, not limited to theories or pre-defined models; and a high incidence of proposals of models related to sustainability.
Differential role of CCR2 in the dynamics of microglia and perivascular macrophages during prion disease

The expansion of the microglial population is one of the hallmarks of numerous brain disorders. The addition of circulating progenitors to the pool of brain macrophages can contribute to the progression of brain disease and needs to be precisely defined to better understand the evolution of the glial and inflammatory reactions in the brain. We have analyzed the degree of infiltration/recruitment of circulating monocytes to the microglial pool, in a prion disease model of chronic neurodegeneration. Our results indicate a minimal/absent level of CCR2‐dependent recruitment of circulating monocytes, local proliferation of microglia is the main driving force maintaining the amplification of the population. A deficiency in CCR2, and thus the absence of recruitment of circulating monocytes, does not impact microglial dynamics, the inflammatory profile or the temporal behavioral course of prion disease. However, the lack of CCR2 has unexpected effects including the failure to recruit perivascular macrophages in diseased but not healthy CNS and a small reduction in microglia proliferation. These data define the composition of the CNS‐resident macrophage populations in prion disease and will help to understand the dynamics of the CNS innate immune response during chronic neurodegeneration. GLIA 2014;62:1041–1052
Conserved immunoglobulin‐like features in a family of periplasmic pilus chaperones in bacteria.

Detailed structural analyses revealed a family of periplasmic chaperones in Gram‐negative prokaryotes which are structurally and possibly evolutionarily related to the immunoglobulin superfamily and assist in the assembly of adhesive pili. The members of this family have similar structures consistent with the overall topology of an immunoglobulin fold. Seven pilus chaperone sequences from Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were aligned and their consensus sequence was superimposed onto the known three‐dimensional structure of PapD, a representative member of the family. The molecular details of the conserved and variable structural motifs in this family of periplasmic chaperones give important insight into their structure, function, mechanism of action and evolutionary relationship with the immunoglobulin superfamily.
Improvement of Cr-Co-Mo Membrane Surface Used as Barrier for Bone Regeneration through UV Photofunctionalization: An In Vitro Study

Although there are several studies of the ultraviolet (UV) light-mediated photofunctionalization of titanium for use as implant material, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. However, the results of in vitro and in vivo studies are very encouraging. The use of UV photofunctionalization as a surface treatment on other implant materials, as the Cr-Co-Mo alloy, has not been explored in depth. Using sandblasted Cr-Co-Mo discs, the surface photofunctionalization was studied for ultraviolet A (UVA, 365 nm) and ultraviolet C (UVC, 254 nm), and the surfaces were evaluated for their ability to sustain hydroxyapatite crystal growth through incubation in simulated body fluid for a seven-day period. The variation of the pre- and post-irradiation contact angle and surface composition was determined through the quantification of the weight percentage of Ca and P crystals by the EDAX ZAF method (EDS). Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for samples irradiated with UVA over 48 h, corresponding with hydrophilic surfaces, and the same result was found for samples exposed to 3 h of UVC. Superhydrophilic surfaces were found in samples irradiated for 12, 24 and 48 h with UVC. The decrease in the carbon content is related with the increase in the surface content of Ca and P, and vice versa over the Cr-Co-Mo surfaces.
Assessment for, of and as Learning: Developing a Sustainable Assessment Culture in New Zealand Schools

In line with international trends, assessment policies and practices have increased in importance in New Zealand over the last two decades. The focus in this article is on examining the contested nature of the development of an assessment culture in New Zealand — one that meets the needs of the government by providing information on school accountability and yet maintains the autonomy of schools to continue school-based decision-making. The article begins by providing background to the New Zealand context and a brief description of current policies. The main emphasis, however, is on three companion themes in the development of assessment policy — assessment and improvement, assessment and accountability, and assessment and sustainability. These themes were drawn from an analysis of key documents and aligned with a conceptual framework drawn from the schooling effectiveness literature to provide a lens to examine the past, present and possible future of assessment policy and practice in New Zealand.
War, aggression and state crime: A criminological analysis of the invasion and occupation of Iraq

In this article, we argue that the 2003 US/UK invasion and occupation of Iraq was a form of state crime and offer a criminological analysis of the event. First, we describe how the war on Iraq violated the UN Charter and international humanitarian law. Then, we provide a narrative analysis of the historical and contemporary origins of this crime through the lens of an integrated model for the study of organizational deviance that has proved useful in the analysis of a number of other upper-world crimes. A key part of our explanation of this war resides in the dynamics of America’s long-standing will to empire coupled with the imperial designs of neoconservative policy makers within the Bush administration.