Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Density and Crime

This paper examines the soundness of the available evidence for and against the importance of urban density and housing overcrowding in explaining the spatial distribution of crime. Recent research into the effects of these variables has received widespread attention in major scientific journals. Yet it is questionable whether the methodological quality of the research warrants this and whether the conclusions of these studies are based upon strong enough evidence to be scientifically acceptable. This paper contends that the answer must be negative in both cases for most of this research. If there is to be adequate scientific knowledge for theory and public policy, then it is necessary to be cognizant of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the research and the inferences from it. This paper, therefore, is intended to offer a detailed methodological critique of research to date and, in conclusion, recommenda-
Environmental attitudes of the 6th grade students from rural and urban areas: a case a study for ankara

This study investigated environmental attitude of 6th grade students living in rural and urban areas in Ankara. Hundred and thirty-eight students were selected from four schools located in these areas. A 45-item questionnaire consisting of four dimensions was used to measure students’ environmental attitude. Results of the study revealed that, there is a significant mean difference between students’ attitudes with respect to school district.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Infection and Pneumonia and among Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Illness during 2011-2014 Influenza Seasons in Korea

Background The World Health Organization recommends the surveillance of influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) to respond effectively to both seasonal influenza epidemics and pandemics. In Korea, the “Hospital-based Influenza Morbidity and Mortality (HIMM)” surveillance system has been operated to monitor ILI and SARI occurrences. Materials and Methods A multi-center prospective observational study was conducted. Adult patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) were enrolled during the 2011-12, 2012-2013, and 2013-2014 influenza seasons at the 10 university hospitals using the HIMM surveillance system. With respect to SARI and pneumonia development, risk profiles were analyzed in patients with ARI in Korea. Results A total of 5,459 cases were eligible for this analysis. Among 5,459 cases with ARI, 2,887 cases (52.9%) were identified that they had influenza infection. Among enrolled cases, 750 cases belonged to the SARI group, while 4,709 cases belonged to the non-SARI group. With respect to pneumonia development, 317 cases were accompanied by pneumonia, and 5,142 cases were not. Multivariate analyses revealed that the following factors were associated with an increased risk of SARI: Old age (≥65 years) (odds ratio [OR] 2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2-3.32), chronic heart disease (CHD) (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.68-2.98), cerebrovascular disease (CVD) (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.05-2.10), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.48-3.69), asthma (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.62-3.36), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.73-3.99), chronic liver disease (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.04-2.81), and autoimmune diseases (OR 2.53, 1.57-4.08). Multivariate analyses revealed that the following factors were independent risk factors for pneumonia development: Old age (≥65 years) (OR 5.71, 95% CI 4.10-7.94), CHD (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.07-2.22), COPD (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.48-3.69), asthma (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.62-3.36), CKD (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.73-3.99), immunocompromised conditions (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.47-6.62), and autoimmune diseases (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.79-6.27). The risk of SARI and pneumonia was increased by the number of concurrent chronic medical conditions. Conclusion The risk of SARI and pneumonia development among adult patient with ARI was significantly increased by the presence or number of concurrent chronic medical conditions in Korea.
Instantaneous response patterns of baroreflex sensitivity, respiratory sinus arrhythmia sensitivity and vagal activity to cold face test and active orthostatic test

In 25 healthy volunteers, we examined if active orthostatic test (AOT) and cold face test (CFT) cause opposite effects on the instantaneous dynamics of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), high-frequency power of RR intervals (HFRR), low-frequency power of systolic pressure (LFSP), LFRR/HFRR ratio and respiratory sinus arrhythmia sensitivity RSAS), obtained by a time-frequency distribution. We also assessed the correlations between BRS and the spectral measures of autonomic activity. Instantaneous values of RR, HFRR, BRS and RSAS presented characteristic response patterns of overshoot in CFT, and of undershoot of the four variables in AOT. BRS was positively correlated with HFRR (0.85±0.14), RSAS (0.76±0.11) and RR (0.87±0.11), and negatively with LFsp (−0.81±0.09) and LFrr/HFrr (−0.77±0.13). In a beat-to-beat format BRS, HFrr, RSAS, LFSP and RR: exhibit great dynamism, are strongly correlated, and follow distinctive opposite patterns in response to each maneuver. While in CFT the greater values of BRS and RSAS allow amplifying the vagal activity and minimizing the sympathetic outflow, in AOT the lower values of BRS and RSAS determine the opposite autonomic effects. The tight correlations suggest that both BRS and RSAS operate to reciprocally strengthen and inhibit the sympathetic and vagal activities.
Calibration and Mapping of a Human Hand for Dexterous Telemanipulation

This paper presents a calibration scheme and kinematic mapping to support dexterous telemanipulation. The calibration scheme is intended for use with an instrumented glove and permits an accurate determination of the intended motions of a virtual object grasped between a human operator’s thumb and index finger. The motions of the virtual object are then mapped to analogous motions of a scaled virtual object held in a two-fingered robot hand. A non-linear mapping scheme allows better utilization of the human and robot hand workspaces.
Aerobic, Anaerobic and Isokinetic Measures of Elite Canadian Male and Female Speed Skaters

This study was conducted to evaluate the physiological parameters of elite speed skaters after a period of summer training, and to examine the relationships between these measures and speed skating performance. The subjects were eight male and eight female members of the Canadian National Speed Skating Team. The tests performed included assessment of body composition, aerobic power, anaerobic power and isokinetic peak torque measures for knee and hip flexion/extension and hip abduction/adduction. Mean values obtained for &OV0312;O2 max were 61.9 ± 2.7 and 53.5 ± 2.0 ml·kg−1·min−1 for male and female skaters, respectively. Male sprinters were found to have significantly higher five-second peak anaerobic power than all-around skaters (16.6 ± 0.9 versus 14.4 ± 1.1 W·kg−1 of body weight). Anaerobic five-second peak power was significantly correlated with both relative knee extension at 180°·sec−1 for male skaters (r = 0.78) and 500-meter velocity (r = 0.81). These results demonstrate a relationship between laboratory measures and sprint speed skating performance. However, because &OV0312;O2 max was unrelated to distance performance, further research is required to determine the underlying determinants of endurance performance in speed skating.
Don't wait for the monsters to get you: A video game task to manipulate appraisals in real time.

A pacman type video-game paradigm is introduced for the manipulation of appraisals in an ongoing active-coping task. Differences in current appraisal conceptions and their implications for experimental approaches to the manipulation of appraisals are discussed. Furthermore, the advantages of using concurrent physiological measures are outlined. The features of the game aMAZE and a shell program called PLAYGAME are described. The programs are available at no cost for researchers interested in using the paradigm.
GRAMMATICAL PERSPECTIVES ON CODE -SWITCHING

This study aimed at examining the rules for code-switching, and more specifically, for intrasentential code-switching. First, a review of the literature in bilingualism and code-switching was conducted with the attempt of providing theoretical foundation for the analysis of the data set. Then, the participants are described in the Methods section, along with an explanation of their linguistic background and the materials used for collecting the data set. Third, an analysis of the data collected is conducted in a more detailed way so as to verify if the hypothesis that code-switching is a systematic phenomenon, governed by Poplack's free-morpheme and equivalence constraints. Moreover, using the data set as a reference, patterns for Portuguese/English intrasentential code-switching spots were drawn.
Parallelism as a Factor in Metrical Analysis

A model is proposed of the effect of parallelism on meter. It is wellknown that repeated patterns of pitch and rhythm can affect the perception of metrical structure. However, few attempts have been made either to define parallelism precisely or to characterize its effect on metrical analysis. The basic idea of the current model is that a repeated melodic pattern favors a metrical structure in which beats are placed at parallel points in each occurrence of the pattern. By this view, parallelism affects the period of the metrical structure (the distance between beats) rather than the phase (exactly where the beats occur). This model is implemented and incorporated into the metrical program of D. Temperley and D. Sleator (1999). Several examples of the model9s output are presented; we examine problems with the model and discuss possible solutions.
Pseudomonas putida Fis Binds to the lapF Promoter In Vitro and Represses the Expression of LapF

The biofilm matrix of the rhizospheric bacterium Pseudomonas putida consists mainly of a proteinaceous component. The two largest P. putida proteins, adhesins LapA and LapF, are involved in biofilm development but prevail in different developmental stages of the biofilm matrix. LapA is abundant in the initial stage of biofilm formation whereas LapF is found in the mature biofilm. Although the transcriptional regulation of the adhesins is not exhaustively studied, some factors that can be involved in their regulation have been described. For example, RpoS, the major stress response sigma factor, activates, and Fis represses LapF expression. This study focused on the LapF expression control by Fis. Indeed, using DNase I footprint analysis a Fis binding site Fis-F2 was located 150 bp upstream of the lapF gene coding sequence. The mapped 5′ end of the lapF mRNA localized the promoter to the same region, overlapping with the Fis binding site Fis-F2. Monitoring the lapF promoter activity by a β-galactosidase assay revealed that Fis overexpression causes a 4-fold decrease in the transcriptional activity. Furthermore, mutations that diminished Fis binding to the Fis-F2 site abolished the repression of the lapF promoter. Thus, these data suggest that Fis is involved in the biofilm regulation via repression of LapF expression.
A Composite Model of Glucagon-Glucose Dynamics for In Silico Testing of Bihormonal Glucose Controllers

Background: The utility of simulation environments in the development of an artificial pancreas for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management is well established. The availability of a simulator that incorporates glucagon as a counterregulatory hormone to insulin would allow more efficient design of bihormonal glucose controllers. Existing models of the glucose regulatory system that incorporates glucagon action are difficult to identify without using tracer data. In this article, we present a novel model of glucagon-glucose dynamics that can be easily identified with standard clinical research data. Methods: The minimal model of plasma glucose and insulin kinetics was extended to account for the action of glucagon on net endogenous glucose production by incorporating a new compartment. An existing subcutaneous insulin absorption model was used to account for subcutaneous insulin delivery. The same model of insulin pharmacokinetics was employed to model the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous glucagon absorption. Finally, we incorporated an existing gastrointestinal absorption model to account for meal intake. Data from a closed-loop artificial pancreas study using a bihormonal controller on T1DM subjects were employed to identify the composite model. To test the validity of the proposed model, a bihormonal controller was designed using the identified model. Results: Model parameters were identified with good precision, and an excellent fitting of the model with the experimental data was achieved. The proposed model allowed the design of a bihormonal controller and demonstrated its ability to improve glycemic control over a single-hormone controller. Conclusions: A novel composite model, which can be easily identified with standard clinical data, is able to account for the effect of exogenous insulin and glucagon infusion on glucose dynamics. This model represents another step toward the development of a bihormonal artificial pancreas.
Race, Identity and Support in Initial Teacher Training

ABSTRACT This article examines the experiences of 22 Black and minority ethnic (BME) trainee teachers who were enrolled on a secondary teacher training course at one university over a two-year period. It argues that BME trainee teachers experience different forms of exclusionary practices in the classroom, but use their identities in a positive way to reinforce aspects of their experiences.
Pivotal role of NOX‐2‐containing NADPH oxidase in early ischemic preconditioning

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated signaling is implicated in early ischemic preconditioning (PC). A NOX‐2‐containing NADPH oxidase is a recognized major source of ROS in cardiac myocytes, whose activity is augmented by preconditioning mimetics, such as angiotensin II. We hypothesized that this oxidase is an essential source of ROS in PC. Hearts from wild‐type (WT) and NOX‐2 knockout (KO) mice were Langendorff perfused and subjected to 35 min ischemia/reperfusion with or without preceding PC or drug treatment. Infarct size was measured by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, and NADPH oxidase activity by lucigenin chemiluminescence. PC significantly attenuated infarct size in WT (26±2% vs. control, 38±2%, P<0.05) yet was ineffective in KO hearts (33±3% vs. control, 34±3%). Concomitantly, PC significantly increased NADPH oxidase activity in WT (+41±13%; P<0.05), but not in KO (−5±18%, P=NS). The ROS scavenger MPG (N‐2‐mercaptopropionyl glycine, 300 µmol/L) abrogated PC in WT (39±2% vs. control, 33±1%). CCPA (2‐chloro N6 cyclopentyl adenosine, 200 nmol/L), a putative ROS‐independent PC trigger, significantly attenuated infarct size in WT, MPG‐treated WT and KO hearts (24±2, 23±1, and 20±3%, respectively, P<0.05). Furthermore, CCPA did not augment NADPH oxidase activity over control (+22±11%, P=NS). Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with chelerythrine (CHE, 2 µmol/L) completely abrogated both PC (38±2% vs. CHE alone, 35±2%) and associated increases in oxidase activity (+3±10%, P=NS). PKC‐dependent activation of a NOX‐2‐containing NADPH oxidase is pivotally involved in early ischemic PC. However, adenosine receptor activation can trigger a ROS and NOX‐2 independent PC pathway.
Multimodality treatment for gastric carcinoid tumor with liver metastases

Carcinoid tumors are the most common neuroendocrine tumors in the gastrointestinal tract, and between 10% and 30% of these tumors are gastric in origin. Three types of gastric carcinoid tumors are recognized: type I, associated with chronic atrophic gastritis type A; type II, associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia; and type III, sporadic and the most malignant. We present a patient with an aggressive, sporadic-type gastric carcinoid that metastasized to the liver. Her symptomatic treatment included the somatostatin analog octreotide. Octreotide scintigraphy demonstrated that this tumor avidly bound the peptide. The patient's gastric carcinoid (assessed by endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound) regressed and she underwent hepatic artery embolization for her liver metastases. After initial partial CT resolution the tumor grew, compressing the inferior vena cava. The patient underwent orthotopic liver transplant with excellent recovery, although she was subsequently found to have two small lung metastases. She has responded well to adjuvant Indium-111 octreotide receptor targeted therapy. This case highlights the therapeutic options for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors, including liver transplantation and adjuvant receptor targeted therapy.
The Absolute-Log Method of Quantifying Relative Competitive Ability and Niche Differentiation1

Plant competition studies designed to quantify interference between species provide valuable information on competitive interactions and on the effects of agronomic practices on those interactions. The effect of each species' density on the growth of itself and on the growth of the other species is quantified in a series of regression models. Traditionally, the models' regression coefficients have been combined in a series of ratios to quantify relative competitive ability and niche differentiation. Coefficients that are negative (positive interference—facilitation, mutualism) or zero (neutral interference or nonsignificant coefficient) do not lend themselves well to ratio-based methodology because of sign cancellation or undefined values, respectively. As a result, ratio-based methodology is limited to using only positive coefficients (negative interference—amensalism, competition). Rather than using ratios, the absolute-log method uses addition and subtraction of coefficients converted to a pseudologarithmic scale, thus allowing for use of coefficients with values that are negative or zero. As a result, the absolute-log method can be used to quantify relative competitive ability and niche differentiation involving all types of interference—negative, positive, and neutral. The absolute-log method includes an optional statistical procedure constructing confidence intervals for the estimates of relative competitive ability and niche differentiation. Additional index words: Interference, competition, amensalism, facilitation, mutualism, Spitters, reciprocal yield law. Abbreviations: A-A, absolute-antilog; AND, absolute-antilog function corollary to ND; ARC, absolute-antilog function corollary to RC; CI, confidence interval; LND, absolute-log method corollary to ND; LRC, absolute-log method corollary to RC; ND, niche differentiation value; RC, relative competitive ability value; SE, standard error.
Characterization of the Arenavirus RING Finger Z Protein Regions Required for Z-Mediated Inhibition of Viral RNA Synthesis

ABSTRACT The prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is an enveloped virus with a bisegmented negative-strand RNA genome whose proteomic capability is limited to four polypeptides, namely, nucleoprotein; surface glycoprotein (GP), which is proteolytically processed into GP1 and GP2; polymerase (L); and a small (11-kDa) RING finger protein (Z). Using a reverse genetic system based on the ARM strain of LCMV, we have previously shown that Z has a strong inhibitory activity on LCMV minigenome transcription and RNA replication (T. I. Cornu and J. C. de la Torre, J. Virol. 75:9415-9426, 2001). In the present study, we have identified regions and specific amino acid residues within Z which contribute to its inhibitory activity on RNA synthesis mediated by the LCMV polymerase. Z proteins from different LCMV strains had similar inhibitory activities on the expression of the LCMV ARM minigenome, whereas the Z protein of the genetically more distantly related Tacaribe virus had an approximately 10-fold lower inhibitory activity on ARM minigenome expression. Results from the use of chimera proteins between Z and Xenopus Neuralized, a nonviral RING finger protein, indicated that the structural integrity of the Z RING domain (RD) was required but not sufficient for the inhibitory activity of Z. Serial deletion mutants of the N and C termini of Z showed that the N terminus (residues 1 through 16) and C terminus (residues 79 through 90) do not contribute to the Z inhibitory activity. A highly conserved tryptophan (W) residue located at position 36 in ARM-Z, next to the second conserved cysteine (C) residue of the Z RD, also contributed to the Z inhibitory activity.
Lexical acquisition and the modular lexicon

Abstract The masked repetition effect is used in an attempt to decide whether information about the meaning of newly acquired words is initially represented in lexical memory, or in some nonspecialized memory system. It is shown that masked repetition produces an immediate priming effect when the meaning of obsolete words such as holimonth is explained, and subjects are required to respond ‘yes’ to such items in a lexical decision task. However, it is also shown that priming effects can be produced for both words and nonwords in an episodic recognition memory task, indicating that both lexical and nonlexical representations are capable of being primed. Such effects are confined to positive (‘old’) items, indicating a distinction between lexical and nonlexical representations of words. It is also shown that priming effects are obtained in a categorization task for both positive and negative responses, whereas frequency effects are not. These findings are interpreted within the framework of a modular theory.
Perceived Organizational Support: Fuurther Evidence of Construct Validity

Wayne Shore and Lois Tetrick demonstrated in 1991 that the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS), a measure of perceived employer commitment, was unidimensional and distinguishable from measures of affective and continuance commitment. In the present study, confirmatory factor analysis was used to further examine the construct validity of the scores on the SPOS. Participants were 205 members of the staff and faculty of a large western state university. Consistent with Shore and Tetrick's findings, the SPOS was found to be unidimensional. In addition, the SPOS was found to be distinguishable from two similarly conceptualized correlates of affective commitment: perceived supervisory support and organizational dependability. Findings are discussed with respect to their implications for understanding the commitment process.
Surviving the Doctorate and Thriving as Faculty: Latina Junior Faculty Reflecting on Their Doctoral Studies Experiences

This study examines the experiences of Latina faculty during their doctoral education. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with tenure-track Latina faculty (who primarily self-identified as Chicanas, Latinas, and Mexican Americans) across the west and southwest United States. Resiliency theory was used to help structure and understand the findings. Findings show the nature and experiences of Latinas' resiliency during their doctoral programs in the areas of social competence, problem-solving, autonomy, and sense of purpose. The study concludes with a discussion on how academic leaders and institutional change agents can begin to address the education roadblocks experienced by academic Latinas.