Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Natural history of unreduced Gartland type-II supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children: a two to thirteen-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND The preferred treatment of type-II supracondylar humeral fractures remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical and radiographic outcome of type-II supracondylar humeral fractures in children treated with immobilization in a splint without reduction. METHODS The medical records of forty-six consecutive patients who sustained a supracondylar Gartland type-II fracture of the humerus treated with immobilization in a splint were reviewed. Age at the time of fracture, sex, side involved, dominant extremity, duration of immobilization, and complications were recorded. Radiographic assessment included the Baumann angle, carrying angle, and lateral humerocapitellar angle. Patients returned for clinical evaluation, and the Mayo Elbow Performance Score and the criteria of Flynn et al. were recorded. Patients completed the QuickDASH, an abbreviated form of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, to measure disability. RESULTS The average age (and standard deviation) at the time of fracture was 5.5 ± 2.6 years. The average duration of follow-up was 6.6 ± 2.8 years. The initial lateral humerocapitellar angle was a mean of 12.8° ± 9.8°, the mean Baumann angle was 12° ± 5.7°, and the mean radiographic carrying angle was 9° ± 11.3°. There were significant differences between injured and uninjured elbows at the time of follow-up with regard to flexion (mean, 137.9° ± 9.1° for injured and 144.8° ± 7.1° for uninjured elbows; p < 0.001), extension (mean, 13.2° ± 5.9° for injured and 7.4° ± 5.1° for uninjured elbows; p < 0.001), clinical carrying angle (mean, 9° ± 8.1° for injured and 12.1° ± 4.9° for uninjured elbows; p = 0.003), radiographic carrying angle (mean, 8.9° ± 8.1° for injured and 14.2° ± 5.5° for uninjured elbows; p < 0.001), and lateral humerocapitellar angle (mean, 30.5° ± 11° for injured and 41.9° ± 9.9° for uninjured elbows; p < 0.001). The mean score was 10 ± 15.3 points for the QuickDASH questionnaire, 4.7 ± 12.2 points for the QuickDASH-sports questionnaire, and 95.6 ± 10.5 for the Mayo Elbow Performance Score. According to the Flynn criteria, results were satisfactory in 80.4% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients with a type-II supracondylar fracture of the humerus treated conservatively had a mild cubitus varus deformity and a mild increase in elbow extension, although functional results were excellent in the majority of patients.
Personality traits of expert teachers of students with EBD: clarifying a teacher's X-factor

Teaching students with emotional and behavioural difficulties (EBD) is a challenge for many teachers in inclusive education. Much research has been done to find out what differentiates expert teachers from their less skilled colleagues. Recent evidence points to personality as an underlying core factor influencing teacher performance. In this study, the predictive value of teacher personality for teacher quality in teaching students with EBD was examined among a sample of Dutch primary school teachers. Personality was measured using a self-report questionnaire based on the personality dimensions of the Five Factor Model of personality: Extraversion; Agreeableness; Conscientiousness; Neuroticism; and Openness to Experience. Different dimensions of teacher quality in teaching students with EBD were measured using an observation instrument, a self-efficacy questionnaire, and a nomination procedure. The dimensions of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience were found to predict teacher quality in teaching students with EBD measured by the self-efficacy questionnaire. Altogether, personality explained 35% of the variance in teacher quality in teaching students with EBD measured by the self-efficacy questionnaire. The results relate to issues about teacher education and employment. Directions for future research are discussed.
The Supplemental Security Income Program and Employment for Young Adults with Disabilities

Recent welfare reform initiatives have focused on moving adults with disabilities from income maintenance programs such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI) into paid work. Young adults with disabilities are a key group for targeted reforms because of their potential for obtaining early and long-term employment. Although there is substantial research focusing on the employment characteristics of working-age adults with disabilities, little recent data describe or explain the relationship between work and SSI participation for young adults with disabilities. This study examined data from the 1994 and 1995 National Health Interview Survey on Disability Supplement (NHIS-D) to describe the employment characteristics of young adults with disabilities, ages 18 to 29 years. In addition, this study examined the extent to which sociodemographic, education, health, disability, and program participation factors were associated with employment for this population. Findings are discussed in light of current SSI and employment policies as well as recommendations for reform.
Correction: Vocalisations of Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) in the Bremer Canyon, Western Australia

There are errors in the Funding section. The correct funding information is as follows: The 2015 data collection was supported by the SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Conservation Fund (http://swbg-conservationfund.org/). Authors who received the funding were CE and LF. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Multiple Distinct Subtypes of GABAergic Neurons in Mouse Visual Cortex Identified by Triple Immunostaining

The majority of cortical interneurons use GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) as inhibitory neurotransmitter. GABAergic neurons are morphologically, connectionally, electrically and chemically heterogeneous. In rat cerebral cortex three distinct groups of GABAergic interneurons have been identified by the expression of parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR) and somatostatin (SOM). Recent studies in mouse cerebral cortex have revealed a different organization in which the CR and SOM populations are partially overlapping. Because CR and SOM neurons derive from different progenitors located in different embryonic structures, the coexpression of CR + SOM suggests that the chemical differentiation of interneurons is regulated postmitotically. Here, we have taken an important first step towards understanding this process by triple immunostaining mouse visual cortex with a panel of antibodies, which has been used extensively for classifying developing interneurons. We have found at least 13 distinct groups of GABAergic neurons which include PV, CR, SOM, CCK (cholecystokinin), CR + SOM, CR + NPY (neuropeptide Y), CR + VIP (vasointestinal polypeptide), SOM + NPY, SOM + VIP, VIP + ChAT (choline acetyltransferase), CCK + NPY, CR + SOM + NPY and CR + SOM + VIP expressing cells. Triple immunostaining with PV, CR and SOM antibodies during postnatal development further showed that PV is never colocalized with CR and SOM. Importantly, expression of SOM and CR + SOM developed after the percentage of CR cells that do not express SOM has reached the mature level, suggesting that the chemical differentiation of SOM and CR + SOM neurons is a postnatal event, which may be controlled by transcriptional regulation.
Substring-Based Transliteration

Transliteration is the task of converting a word from one alphabetic script to another. We present a novel, substring-based approach to transliteration, inspired by phrasebased models of machine translation. We investigate two implementations of substringbased transliteration: a dynamic programming algorithm, and a finite-state transducer. We show that our substring-based transducer not only outperforms a state-of-the-art letterbased approach by a significant margin, but is also orders of magnitude faster.
Using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale to screen for anxiety disorders

Screening for postnatal mood disorders in English‐speaking women often uses the validated cut‐off score of 13 or more on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to detect probable major depression. Increasingly there is evidence that for many women, and men, anxiety disorders can occur postnatally in the absence of depression. This study therefore examined data on the three EPDS items frequently found to cluster together on an anxiety factor for women (items 3, 4, and 5: EPDS‐3A), to determine the optimum cut‐off score to screen for specified anxiety disorders. A sample of 238 women and 218 men were administered a diagnostic interview for anxiety and depressive disorders, and completed the EPDS, at 6 weeks postpartum. The receiver operating characteristics show that the optimum cut‐off score on the EPDS‐3A for women is 6 or more (possible range: 0–9), and for men it is 4 or more, though it appears that the factor structure for men is different than for women. The conclusion is that the EPDS can be used to screen for probable depression in women (using the validated total cut‐off score of 13 or more) and also probable anxiety (using the EPDS‐3A cut‐off score of 6 or more). For men there is already a validated total cut‐off score for both depression and anxiety (6 or more)—however, if services are not using this, they can use the EPDS‐3A score of 4 or more to screen for probable anxiety disorders in fathers, though further work needs to be undertaken to clarify whether the anxiety factor structure for men is different to that found for women. Depression and Anxiety, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Impact of Directive Leadership on Group Information Sampling, Decisions, and Perceptions of the Leader

A study was conducted in which 40 four-person groups were assigned a leader and made a decision. The assigned leader used a directive style and argued for a specific decision during discussion. In addition, information was distributed to group members to create full information and hidden profile conditions. Both information distribution and leader decision were found to affect group decisions, individual postdiscussion decisions, and group members' perceptions of conflict, confidence in the group decision, and compliance with the leader. Implications for information sampling and groupthink research were discussed.
Information , Liquidity and Corporate Yield Spreads

Valuation of corporate debt has been an extremely important, albeit imprecise task in asset pricing. Both structural models and reduced form models have had limited success in explaining the corporate yield spreads observed in actual markets. This paper demonstrates that in addition to liquidity, information asymmetry plays an important role in determining yield spreads of risky corporate bonds. In line with a strand of recent literature on the implications of market microstructure for asset pricing, this paper suggests corporate bond yields might embed an information risk premium that is ignored by existing bond pricing models. ∗ I thank NASD for help with the data. The views expressed herein are solely those of the author and not those of any other person or entity, including NASD. I thank Hazem Daouk, David Easley, Yongmiao Hong, Robert Jarrow, David Ng, Maureen O’Hara, David Weinbaum, Xiaoyan Zhang and seminar participants at Cornerstone Research, Cornell University, Rutgers University, University of South Carolina and University of Toronto for helpful comments and discussions. Any errors are my own.
Coulomb crystal mass spectrometry in a digital ion trap

We present a mass spectrometric technique for identifying the masses and relative abundances of Coulomb-crystallized ions held in a linear Paul trap. A digital radio-frequency wave form is employed to generate the trapping potential, as this can be cleanly switched off, and static dipolar fields are subsequently applied to the trap electrodes for ion ejection. Close to 100% detection efficiency is demonstrated for Ca+ and CaF+ ions from bicomponent Ca+ − CaF+ Coulomb crystals prepared by the reaction of Ca+ with CH3F. A quantitative linear relationship is observed between ion number and the corresponding integrated time-of-flight (TOF) peak, independent of the ionic species. The technique is applicable to a diverse range of multicomponent Coulomb crystals—demonstrated here for Ca+ − NH3+ − NH4+ and Ca+ − CaOH+ − CaOD+ crystals—and will facilitate the measurement of ion-molecule reaction rates and branching ratios in complicated reaction systems.
Understanding the Trust-Control Nexus

This article aims at contributing to the understanding of the trust-control nexus. The objective is to bring the discussion around the relationship between both concepts a step further by identifying common foundations, distinctive mechanisms and key implications relevant for theory-building and empirical research on trust and control. First, the concept of trust and related concepts are introduced. Second, the developments related to the diminished effectiveness of control and a growing importance of trust in both intra- and inter-organizational relations are discussed. Finally, the state of the art regarding the trust-control nexus and a brief summary of the four articles included in this special issue are provided.
Temporal mood changes associated with different levels of adolescent drinking: using mobile phones and experience sampling methods to explore motivations for adolescent alcohol use.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Alcohol use during adolescence is associated with the onset of alcohol use disorders, mental health disorders, substance abuse as well as socially and physically damaging behaviours, the effects of which last well into adulthood. Nevertheless, alcohol use remains prevalent in this population. Understanding motivations behind adolescent alcohol consumption may help in developing more appropriate and effective interventions. This study aims to increase this understanding by exploring the temporal relationship between mood and different levels of alcohol intake in a sample of young people. DESIGN AND METHODS Forty-one secondary school students used a purpose-designed mobile phone application to monitor their daily mood and alcohol use for 20 random days within a 31 day period. Generalised estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between differing levels of alcohol consumption (light, intermediate and heavy) and positive and negative mood three days before and after drinking episodes. RESULTS While there was no relationship between light and heavy drinking and positive mood, there was an increase in positive mood before and after the drinking event for those that drank intermediate amounts. No statistically significant relationships were found between negative mood and any of the three drinking categories. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Adolescents who drank in intermediate amounts on a single drinking occasion experienced an increase in positive mood over the three days leading up to and three days following a drinking event. These findings contribute to an understanding of the motivations that underpin adolescent alcohol use, which may help inform future interventions.
Paranoid cognitions, failure, and focus of attention in college students

Three experiments examined aspects of the link between focus of attention, manipulated by use of video camera and monitor, and paranoid and depressive cognitions in a sample of college students. In Experiment 1 participants were exposed to either a failure or neutral task, under high (HSA) or low self-awareness (LSA) conditions. HSA triggered paranoid cognitions on neutral and failure tasks; failure alone triggered depressive cognitions. In Experiment 2 the camera switched focus thrice between participant and experimenter using only neutral tasks. Paranoia scores initially were higher in the HSA condition. Paranoia scores increased when participants moved from LSA to HSA. Paranoia scores never fell when moving from HSA to LSA conditions. Experiment 3 used only HSA and failure, and showed how a priming task that increased the accessibility of either positive or negative self-cognitions led to significantly different paranoia and depression scores.
The Forgotten Witnesses: Impact of Witnessing Intimate Partner Violence (ipv ) on Self-Identity and Development in African Americans as Low-Income Youth

<p>Little has been written about the experiences and stresses of low-income African American youth witnesses of intimate partner violence (<small class="caps" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ipv </small>). Specifically, what is not apparent in the literature is the impact of witnessing <small class="caps" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink">ipv </small> on the self-identity and development of low-income African American youth. Results of semi-structured interviews with ten young adult African American males and females, ages 21–29, who witnessed <small class="caps" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink">ipv </small> as low-income youth indicated major themes from three variables under study (impact of witnessing <small class="caps" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ipv </small> on self-identity and development; experience of being a low-income youth; and experience of being African American). Within the variable of the impact of witnessing <small class="caps" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink">ipv </small> on self-identity and development, six major themes emerged in the data: opposing <small class="caps" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink">ipv </small>/taking a non-violent stance; not wanting to be abused, controlled or disrespected in relationships; becoming independent/growing up too fast; developing trust issues; engaging in aggressive interactions, internalizing issues and rationalizing <small class="caps" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink">ipv </small>; and growth from witnessed <small class="caps" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink">ipv </small>/view of self as better person. Two core themes arose from the six major themes: loss of childhood/gain of independence and adolescent problems due to <small class="caps" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink">ipv </small> exposure. Discussion and significance of the findings are presented within this work. </p>
No clinical benefit of adding cisapride to pantoprazole for treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Objective Although a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and a prokinetic drug are often combined for the medical treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), there are few well-conducted clinical studies on the efficacy and tolerability of this therapy. This study investigates whether pantoprazole plus cisapride leads to an additional benefit in comparison to pantoprazole alone. Design and setting Randomized double-blind prospective multicentre study conducted in patients of 33 hospitals in Ireland, South Africa and the UK. Participants A total of 350 intention-to-treat (ITT) patients aged 18 years or older with GORD of grade II and III were included in the study. The per-protocol (PP) population comprised 152 patients in the pantoprazole group and 136 in the pantoprazole plus cisapride group. Interventions Patients received either pantoprazole 40 mg once daily or pantoprazole 40 mg once daily plus cisapride 20 mg twice daily. Treatment outcome was assessed after 4 and 8 weeks. The primary criterion was endoscopically confirmed healing after 4 weeks. Additionally, relief of leading symptoms was studied. Main outcome measures The prior null hypothesis was no difference in healing rates between both treatment groups. Results After 4 weeks of treatment 81% and 82%, and after 8 weeks 89% and 90%, of PP patients treated with pantoprazole or pantoprazole plus cisapride were healed, respectively. Thus, equivalence of the two treatment strategies could be proven. Additionally, improvement of symptom relief showed no significant difference between the two regimens. In contrast to disease grade at baseline, Helicobacter pylori status did not influence the healing rates in our study. Both study medications were tolerated well. Conclusion Addition of cisapride to pantoprazole provides no further benefit in the treatment of GORD.
Single-incision Appendectomy is Comparable to Conventional Laparoscopic Appendectomy: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis

Purpose: Acute appendicitis remains the common gastrointestinal emergency in adults. Single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA) has been proposed as the next evolution in minimally invasive surgery. SILA is postulated to reduce postoperative pain and enhance cosmesis, while effectively removing an inflamed appendix. However, the efficacy and benefits of SILA compared with conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA) remain to be determined. Our objectives were to systematically review the literature comparing SILA with CLA for acute appendicitis and perform a pooled analysis on the efficacy of SILA. Methods: Published English-language manuscripts were considered for review inclusion. A comprehensive search of electronic databases (eg, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, BIOSIS Previews, and the Cochrane Library) using broad search terms was completed. All comparative studies were included if they incorporated adult patients undergoing appendectomy for acute appendicitis by SILA. The primary outcomes of interest were operative time and length of hospital stay. Results: From a total of 366 articles, 34 articles were identified. A total of 9 comparative studies were included for pooled analysis. There was no significant difference in operative time, length of stay, pain scores, and conversion or complication rates between SILA and CLA for acute appendicitis. Conclusions: This systematic review and pooled analysis demonstrates that SILA is comparable to CLA for acute appendicitis in adults. However, this review identifies the need for randomized controlled trials to clarify the efficacy of SILA compared with CLA.
Glistenings, anterior/posterior capsular opacification and incidence of Nd:YAG laser treatments with two aspheric hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses – a long‐term intra‐individual study

To compare two hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) regarding long‐term anterior/posterior capsular opacification (ACO/PCO) development and need for neodymium:Yttrium‐Aluminum‐Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser treatment due to visually disturbing PCO, and to study development of glistenings in the IOL materials.