Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrative Literature Review: Four Emerging Perspectives of Employee Engagement: An Integrative Literature Review

The concept of employee engagement has garnered attention in both practitioner and academic communities and several approaches for understanding engagement have developed. Whereas many authors have taken their own approach to understanding employee engagement, others have offered reinterpretations of the concept wrapped in well-researched and documented organizational variables. Fortunately, distinct streams of literature have emerged but are widely disparate, surfacing intermittently in the fields of psychology, sociology, management, human resource development (HRD), human resource management, and health care. This lack of continuity is a significant hurdle for HRD professionals being called on to develop innovative solutions to the absence of engagement inside organizations. The purpose of this integrative literature review was to synthesize the current state of scholarly research on employee engagement. As a result, four major approaches emerged, defining the existing state of employee engagement in the academic community. Each approach is explored and interpretations offered. Implications and questions for HRD bring this article to a close.
Ecological assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome using execution of a cooking task

Patients with a dysexecutive syndrome often have severe disabilities in daily life activities. The aims of this study were to use a naturalistic experimental task to assess patients' disabilities, and to study the nature of the cognitive disorders underlying them. Execution of a cooking task involving multi-tasking (Chevignard et al., 2000) was studied in 45 patients with a dysexecutive syndrome following acquired brain injury. Patients made significantly more errors and were slower than controls; more than half of the patients did not achieve the goal and demonstrated dangerous behaviours. Those results were significantly correlated to the results of the Six Elements Task and to a behavioural questionnaire. They were also correlated to brain injury severity and to patients' cooking habits. This naturalistic assessment is clinically relevant to better assess patients' dysexecutive impairments in complex activities of daily living. Correlations of the results in the cooking task with the neuropsychological assessment highlighted the role of the dysexecutive syndrome in patients' disabilities, indicating control alterations rather than planning disorders, difficulty in dealing with the environment, and inhibiting inappropriate actions. The role of attention and prospective memory was also underlined, whereas other cognitive functions did not influence task performance.
Selfishness examined: Cooperation in the absence of egoistic incentives.

Social dilemmas occur when the pursuit of self-interest by individuals in a group leads to less than optimal collective outcomes for everyone in the group. A critical assumption in the human sciences is that people's choices in such dilemmas are individualistic, selfish, and rational. Hence, cooperation in the support of group welfare will only occur if there are selfish incentives that convert the social dilemma into a nondilemma. In recent years, inclusive fitness theories have lent weight to such traditional views of rational selfishness on Darwinian grounds. To show that cooperation is based on selfish incentives, however, one must provide evidence that people do not cooperate without such incentives. In a series of experimental social dilemmas, subjects were instructed to make single, anonymous choices about whether or not to contribute money for a shared “bonus” that would be provided only if enough other people in the group also contributed their money. Noncontributors cited selfish reasons for their choices; contributors did not. If people are allowed to engage in discussion, they will contribute resources at high rates, frequently on irrational grounds, to promote group welfare. These findings are consistent with previous research on ingroup biasing effects that cannot be explained by “economic man” or “selfish gene” theories. An alternative explanation is that sociality was a primary factor shaping the evolution of Homo sapiens . The cognitive and affective mechanisms underlying such choices evolved under selection pressures on small groups for developing and maintaining group membership and for predicting and controlling the behavior of other group members. This sociality hypothesis organizes previously inexplicable and disparate phenomena in a Darwinian framework and makes novel predictions about human choice.
Effects of cytostatics on the selected parameters of cell-mediated immunity in dogs

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of tamoxifen and cyclophosphamide on the selected cell-mediated immunity parameters in dogs. The study included 18 dogs aged 5-10 years. The experimental group consisted of 12 animals with neoplastic lesions classified as the first or second staging group (according to the WHO TMN classification). This group was divided into two subgroups: I – six dogs receiving oral tamoxifen, and II – six dogs with cyclophosphamide administered orally. The control group included six healthy dogs. The blood was sampled from the saphenous access vein two times at 14-d intervals before the drug administration, three times every 7 d during administration, and two times every 14 d after completion of the therapy. The basic blood tests were carried out and the subpopulations of TCD4+ and TCD8+ lymphocytes, and phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes were determined using flow cytometry. It was found that tamoxifen induced a marked increase in WBC and neutrophil counts, increased phagocytic activity of monocytes, and changed the CD4+:CD8+ ratio (in favour of cytotoxic lymphocyte subpopulation). These findings indicated the stimulation of cell-mediated immunity mechanisms. Cyclophosphamide caused a substantial decrease in the overall leukocyte pool and reduced the percentage of cells activated for phagocytosis, both neutrophils and monocytes even after completion of its administration, which proves its immunosuppressive effects.
Race and native speakers in ELT: parents' perspectives in Hong Kong

English is used as an important means of international and intercultural communication around the world more than ever. Because of its widespread use in the global context, non-native speakers of English around the world outnumber native speakers by far (Crystal, 1997). According to Kachru and Nelson (1996: 79), ‘accepting even cautious estimates, there must be at least three nonnative users of English for every old-country native user’. A similar phenomenon is also observable in the English Language Teaching (ELT) profession, with the vast majority of teachers of English as a second and foreign language in the world being non-native speakers.
Applying developmental theory to the assessment and treatment of childhood disorders: does it make a difference?

In this paper, we examine the role of developmental theory in the assessment and treatment of child behaviour disorders, with special reference to the anxiety disorders. Following a brief review of the tenets of developmental psychology and developmental psychopathology, we illustrate the role of developmental theory in clinical research and practice. We suggest that developmental theory guides us in the selection and use of developmentally sensitive assessment strategies. Moreover, we indicate that use of developmental theory assists us in the treatment of children and adolescents by helping us determine when a behaviour problem is significant and when to initiate treatment, how to determine the goals of treatment and to select targets for treatment outcome, which treatment strategies to select for intervention, and how to determine the context of intervention. We conclude that the importance of developmental theory is axiomatic when working with children and adolescents. Still, considerable more work is needed before we can conclude that we have fully integrated developmental theory into our ongoing clinical research and practice with children. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tourist perceived value in a community-based homestay visit: An investigation into the functional and experiential aspect of value

This study analyses the dimensionality of tourist perceived value in a context that is rarely studied, community-based homestay tourism. A survey of 353 tourists to homestay villages was used to examine both functional and experiential aspects of perceived value, and structural equation models were used to verify the validity and reliability of the scales. Tourist perceived value was tested and illustrated through a parsimonious construct with five dimensions: (i) functional value (establishment); (ii) functional value (price); (iii) experiential value (host-guest interaction); (iv) experiential value (activity, culture and knowledge); and (v) emotional value. These dimensions were measured by 20 significant items. The results indicate that functional, emotional and experiential factors are important determinants of the perceived value of community-based homestay tourism. It is therefore recommended that host providers, marketers and governments should pay attention to the order of importance of these value dimensions to increase overall tourist value as well as to better develop the positioning strategies and promotion of this tourism niche.
An In Silico Agent-Based Model Demonstrates Reelin Function in Directing Lamination of Neurons during Cortical Development

The characteristic six-layered appearance of the neocortex arises from the correct positioning of pyramidal neurons during development and alterations in this process can cause intellectual disabilities and developmental delay. Malformations in cortical development arise when neurons either fail to migrate properly from the germinal zones or fail to cease migration in the correct laminar position within the cortical plate. The Reelin signalling pathway is vital for correct neuronal positioning as loss of Reelin leads to a partially inverted cortex. The precise biological function of Reelin remains controversial and debate surrounds its role as a chemoattractant or stop signal for migrating neurons. To investigate this further we developed an in silico agent-based model of cortical layer formation. Using this model we tested four biologically plausible hypotheses for neuron motility and four biologically plausible hypotheses for the loss of neuron motility (conversion from migration). A matrix of 16 combinations of motility and conversion rules was applied against the known structure of mouse cortical layers in the wild-type cortex, the Reelin-null mutant, the Dab1-null mutant and a conditional Dab1 mutant. Using this approach, many combinations of motility and conversion mechanisms can be rejected. For example, the model does not support Reelin acting as a repelling or as a stopping signal. In contrast, the study lends very strong support to the notion that the glycoprotein Reelin acts as a chemoattractant for neurons. Furthermore, the most viable proposition for the conversion mechanism is one in which conversion is affected by a motile neuron sensing in the near vicinity neurons that have already converted. Therefore, this model helps elucidate the function of Reelin during neuronal migration and cortical development.
Social axioms in Iran and Canada: Intercultural contact, coping and adjustment

A comparison was made between Iranian participants living in Iran, Iranian immigrants to Canada, and Canadian-born participants on the Social Axioms Scale (SAS), including a sixth dimension, Harmony. The Iranian immigrants to Canada endorsed views that were intermediate between the other two groups. In the data from Iran, the relationships between social axioms on the one hand and measures of active coping and adjustment on the other were examined. Belief in Reward for Application predicted Active Coping; acknowledgment of Social Complexity predicted Life-Satisfaction; and endorsement of belief in Harmony predicted Mastery. Those whose beliefs on Harmony and Social Complexity were closer to their country mean were higher on Mastery and Self-Esteem, but those whose beliefs on Fate Control were closer to the country mean showed lower Life-Satisfaction.
Reconceptualizing the teaching team in universities: Working with sessional staff

The need for universities to find cost-effective methods for the delivery of quality programmes has seen an increase in the numbers of casual or sessional staff in universities over the past several years. The paper suggests that the existing notions of how teaching teams are constituted should be reconceptualized to encompass sessional staff. This would allow the work being undertaken by sessional staff to be openly acknowledged and recognized by the systems in which they work. The employment of sessional markers should be regarded as ‘value-adding’ to the teaching teams of the university rather than as an outsourcing of critical university functions. The framework presented here proposes that the particular professional or academic attributes contributed by sessional markers enhance the extant expertise of teams and thus potentially serve to promote the teaching-learning process. Reconceptualization of the teaching team may well require a negotiation of power relationships. Nevertheless, it is important that the contributions made by markers are recognized to ensure equity, fairness and transparency.
Mortality Trends in Subjects With and Without Diabetes During 33 Years of Follow-up

OBJECTIVE Mortality rates have declined substantially over the past decades in the general population, but the situation among diabetic subjects is less clear. The aim of this study was to analyze mortality trends in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects during 1972–2004. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Since 1972, all patients with diabetes are entered in a diabetes register at Laxå Primary Health Care Center; 776 incident cases were recorded up to 2001. The register has been supplemented with a nondiabetic population of 3,880 subjects and with data from the National Cause of Death Register during 1972 to 2004. RESULTS During the 33-year follow-up period, 233 (62.0%) diabetic women and 240 (60.0%) diabetic men and 995 (52.9%) nondiabetic women and 1,082 (54.1%) nondiabetic men died. The age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality among diabetic and nondiabetic subjects was 1.17 (P < 0.0021) for all, 1.22 (P < 0.007) for women, and 1.13 (P = 0.095) for men. The corresponding cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality HRs were 1.33 (P < 0.0001), 1.41 (P < 0.0003), and 1.27 (P < 0.0093), respectively. The CVD mortality reduction across time was significant in nondiabetic subjects (P < 0.0001) and in men with diabetes (P = 0.014) but not in diabetic women (P = 0.69). The results regarding coronary heart disease (CHD) were similar (P < 0.0001, P < 0.006, and P = 0.17, respectively). The CVD and CHD mortality rate change across time was fairly linear in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic subjects had less mortality rate reduction during follow-up than nondiabetic subjects. However the excess mortality risk for diabetic subjects was smaller than that found in other studies.
Constraining theories of semantic memory processing: Evidence from Dementia

Abstract In this paper we analyse the performance of ten patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (D.A.T.) who show a pattern of performance suggesting a deficit at the level of semantic memory in the face of normal visual perceptual processing. We use the results of their performance on probe questions for pictures and words to evaluate several hypotheses arising from recent theories concerning semantic memory. We assess whether these patients demonstrate better performance on pictures than words (they do), and whether this can be explained away as a by-product of the perceptual nature of the items tested; pictures whose items have many discernible object parts would tend to contact more residual information in semantic memory, thus producing apparent superior performance from pictures. In fact, we find no support for this explanation. Rather, we are able to demonstrate, in the semantic category of animals, that it is only the items that are correctly identified (as a whole) that will give rise to .
STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF GENERAL POPULATION OF WAGHODIA TOWARDS DIABETES MELLITUS -

Objectives: The prevalence of diabetes in India has grown over the past decade. There are virtually less number of epidemiological studies assessing the level of awareness of diabetes mellitus among the general population. This study aims to assess the baseline levels of knowledge, attitude and practices of general population of Waghodia. The baseline results were used to develop a counselling program and to assess whether this intervention could produce any improvement in diabetes awareness and practices. Material and methods: A suitably designed and validated KAP questionnaire was administered and responses were coded and analysed. Results: Altogether, 56.14 % of respondents scored 100% in the questions related with knowledge. However 17.58% scored 100% in the attitude questions and15.78% scored 100% in practice questions. Conclusion: We can conclude that the responders had good knowledge but poor attitude and practice towards diabetes. Repeated reinforcement and motivation along with health education will definitely bring about a positive change in practices.
New type of intercept correction factor for Fowler-Nordheim plots

This paper defines a new type of intercept correction factor for use in connection with the tangent method of analyzing Fowler-Nordheim plots. Unlike the factor previously used, the new factor is well defined and can be evaluated precisely for simple barrier models. Theory using the new factor is intended to replace existing theory. Applications will be presented elsewhere.
Pan1p, End3p, and Sla1p, Three Yeast Proteins Required for Normal Cortical Actin Cytoskeleton Organization, Associate with Each Other and Play Essential Roles in Cell Wall Morphogenesis

ABSTRACT The EH domain proteins Pan1p and End3p of budding yeast have been known to form a complex in vivo and play important roles in organization of the actin cytoskeleton and endocytosis. In this report, we describe new findings concerning the function of the Pan1p-End3p complex. First, we found that the Pan1p-End3p complex associates with Sla1p, another protein known to be required for the assembly of cortical actin structures. Sla1p interacts with the first long repeat region of Pan1p and the N-terminal EH domain of End3p, thus leaving the Pan1p-End3p interaction, which requires the second long repeat of Pan1p and the C-terminal repeat region of End3p, undisturbed. Second, Pan1p, End3p, and Sla1p are also required for normal cell wall morphogenesis. Each of the Pan1-4, sla1Δ, andend3Δ mutants displays the abnormal cell wall morphology previously reported for the act1-1 mutant. These cell wall defects are also exhibited by wild-type cells overproducing the C-terminal region of Sla1p that is responsible for interactions with Pan1p and End3p. These results indicate that the functions of Pan1p, End3p, and Sla1p in cell wall morphogenesis may depend on the formation of a heterotrimeric complex. Interestingly, the cell wall abnormalities exhibited by these cells are independent of the actin cytoskeleton organization on the cell cortex, as they manifest despite the presence of apparently normal cortical actin cytoskeleton. Examination of several act1 mutants also supports this conclusion. These observations suggest that the Pan1p-End3p-Sla1p complex is required not only for normal actin cytoskeleton organization but also for normal cell wall morphogenesis in yeast.
When extended contact opens the door to future contact

The present research tests whether extended contact can predict positive intergroup expectancies, as well as positive intergroup attitudes, among majority and minority group members. Our results replicate and extend prior work by showing that extended contact predicts both positive intergroup attitudes and intergroup expectancies among both majority (Spanish) and minority (immigrant) participants, even when controlling for direct friendship and the quantity and quality of prior intergroup contact. These effects are partially mediated by intergroup anxiety, perceived ingroup norms, and perceived outgroup norms, and the positive effects of extended contact on intergroup attitudes were also partially mediated by the inclusion of ingroup in the self. Additionally, the mediating role of outgroup norms was stronger among immigrant participants than among Spanish participants. Implications of these findings and the value of extended contact for promoting positive intergroup expectancies and preparing people for future contact are discussed.
Gender Equality or Primacy of the Mother? Ambivalent Descriptions of Good Parents.

The ideology of gender equality is accepted as the norm in the Nordic countries. When asked to describe what they thought was required to be a good mother and a good father, Finnish informants (N = 387) showed uneasiness in describing good parents separately, however, often describing only a good mother. This article aims to explore the ambivalent stance toward gender equality reflected in these descriptions. The mother is seen as the model against which the father is compared. Moreover, the ambivalence noted could indicate a contradiction between how things are and how they should be. Ambivalence here is located between structural, sociological, and psychological levels, reflects the ambivalent rhetoric of welfare officials, and is possibly the result of social change.
Careers and Family: Sex Roles and Adolescent Life Plans

'. Add to this, the excellence of its language, at times, its beauty, and one has a book which will repay the hours of counsellor's time which it will require, especially those who undertake what is broadly called educational work. It should be in the library of every secondary school and further or higher education establishment, and not only for the benefit of counsellors and careers advisers therein. Those who contemplate undertaking social research, but lack formal training, will find it an object lesson in every aspect of investigative study. They might find it as exciting and full of hope as I did. ' -- Marriage Guidance, June l982 'While the study is not intended to be the last word in career planning for women, it is certain to be among the best of the first. ' -- Contemporary Education
Inferring disease association using clinical factors in a combinatorial manner and their use in drug repositioning

MOTIVATION Complex physiological relationships exist among human diseases. Thus, the identification of disease associations could provide new methods of disease care and diagnosis. To this end, numerous studies have investigated disease associations. However, combinatorial effect of physiological factors, which is the main characteristic of biological systems, has not been considered in most previous studies. RESULTS In this study, we inferred disease associations with a novel approach that considered disease-related clinical factors in combinatorial ways by using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, and the results have been shown as disease networks. Here, the FP-growth algorithm, an association rule mining algorithm, was used to generate a clinical attribute combination profile of each disease. In addition, we characterized the 22 clinical risk attribute combinations frequently discovered from the 26 diseases in this study. Furthermore, we validated that the results of this study have great potential for drug repositioning and outperform other existing disease networks in this regard. Finally, we suggest a few disease pairs as new candidates for drug repositioning and provide the evidence of their associations from the literature.