Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ideational Productivity, Focus of Attention, and Context

A series of 4 experiments were conducted to investigate ideational productivity. Experiments 1, 2, and 3 were carried out under controlled conditions and involved a test of ideational productivity based on producing different interpretations of a diagram. In the first experiment, the pattern of ideational productivity of adult volunteer participants was studied over 30 min of thinking time. Experiment 2 investigated whether, as predicted by Mednick (1962), a negative correlation exists between the rate of change of productivity and the overall productivity of adult participants. Results confirmed a significant correlation, providing further support for the connectionist model of creativity put forward by Martindale (1995). Experiment 3 measured the effect of a strategy that encouraged adult volunteers to defocus their thinking before attempting to find another new interpretation of the diagram. On returning to the problem, the average time taken to produce a new interpretation was significantly reduced. These results are discussed in terms of Martindale's connectionist model and the role of context. Based on these findings, an instructional strategy was devised that might support the ideational productivity of children. In Experiment 4, the effectiveness of such a strategy was investigated within the classroom environment for children aged 8 to 10 years, and was shown to be effective in raising their ideational productivity.
Effect of General Medical Degree Curricular Change on Mental Health of Medical Students: A Concurrent Controlled Educational Trial

Objective: General medical degree (GMD) curriculum usually causes significant psychological distress for medical students, especially in transition periods between preclinical, clerkship, and internship periods. This study was conducted to assess the effect of curricular change in GMD program on mental health of medical students in internship period. Method : This study evaluated mental health of 2 concurrent groups of medical students under reformed and non-reformed GMD curriculum. In this study, 120 out of 180 interns in the non-reform GMD program and 60 interns in the reformed GMD program were selected and their mental health status evaluated using Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaire. The cut-off point of 0.7 was used for Global Severity Index (GSI) score. SPSS software, version 14 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Il, USA) was used for analysis. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, t student, Mann–Whitney U, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used when appropriate. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for various determinants of students’ mental health. Results: About half of the participants in the 2 groups were male (P = 0.63), and the mean age of the students in the reformed and non-reformed programs was 24.8 (1.97) and 24.7(1.80), respectively (P = 0.9). About 20% of participants in the non-reformed and less than 2% of those in the reformed program had GSI score of more than 0.7. Medical students in the reformed program had lower scores in total GSI and 9 its dimensions (P<0.001). The results obtained from the logistic regression analysis indicated that reformed curriculum and good economic status were significant independent variables contributing to decreased psychological distress (OR = 0.016 and 0.11, respectively). Conclusion: The results revealed that curricular changes which were based on World Federation of Medical Education recommendation, could be associated with improvement in mental health status of medical students.
The Eurotower Strikes Back

The 2008 global financial crisis came with fears—and, for some, hopes—that a new wave of public mobilization would emerge in industrialized countries. Especially throughout the European Union (EU), the epicenter of the crisis, large protests were expected. Yet, the energy with which social groups mobilized against the proposed austerity measures quickly fizzled. This article provides new evidence for why this was the case. In line with Neo-Keynesian theory, we argue that the interest rate adjustments and political announcements of the European Central Bank (ECB) limited the potential for mass unrest in the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) affected by the crisis. We provide evidence for our argument with yearly panel data and a new original data set of monthly political protests between 2001 and 2013. Our analyses support the hypothesis that the ECB was able to successfully assuage dissatisfaction with the limited reform options of the Eurozone member states in the wake of the Eurocrisis.
Coworker Complementarity and the Stability of Top-Management Teams

We analyze changes in the composition of top management teams when a key member of the team (the chief executive officer [CEO]) departs. We find that the probability of non-CEO top manager turnover increases markedly around times of CEO turnover. Further, the magnitude of this increase depends on the relations between the tenure of the manager and tenures of the departing and incoming CEOs. Departure of a long-tenured CEO has a larger effect on turnover probability for a long-tenured non-CEO manager than for a short-tenured manager. Succession of a long-tenured manager as CEO has a larger effect on turnover probability for a short-tenured non-CEO manager than for a long-tenured manager. We argue that these findings are at least partially the result of complementarities across these groups of coworkers that affect the value of employment relationships between senior executives and firms. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.
Updated distribution of the elusive Roach’s mouse-tailed dormouse, Myomimus roachi Bate, 1937 (Mammalia: Rodentia: Gliridae) in Bulgaria

Myomimus roachi is one of the rarest and least studied mammals of the Western Palearctic. It is rare and sparsely distributed in the Southeastern Balkans and Western Anatolia. After its initial finding in 1959, the species was recorded only sporadically. All available data for the species distribution in Bulgaria are summarised and three new country records are reported, which all together increases the number of squares on the 10×10 km grid where the species has been recorded to 24. The current species habitats and threats are discussed.
The Galactic Disk Mass Function: Reconciliation of the Hubble Space Telescope and Nearby Determinations

We derive and parameterize the Galactic mass function (MF) below 1 M☉ characteristic of both single objects and binary systems. We resolve the long-standing discrepancy between the MFs derived from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and from the nearby luminosity functions, respectively. We show that this discrepancy stemmed from two cumulative effects, namely, (1) incorrect color-magnitude-determined distances, due to a substantial fraction of M dwarfs in the HST sample belonging to the metal-depleted thick-disk population, as corrected recently by Zheng et al., and (2) unresolved binaries. We show that both the nearby and HST MF for unresolved systems are consistent with a fraction ~50% of M dwarf binaries, with the mass of both the primaries and the companions originating from the same underlying single MF. This implies that ~30% of M dwarfs should have an M dwarf companion and ~20% should have a brown dwarf companion, in agreement with recent determinations. The present calculations show that the so-called "brown dwarf desert" should be reinterpreted as a lack of high mass ratio (m2/m1 ≲ 0.1) systems and does not preclude a substantial fraction of brown dwarfs as companions of M dwarfs or for other brown dwarfs.
The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) reveals a novel gene for tRNACys(GCA)

We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of an angiosperm, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris cv TK81-O). The 368 799 bp genome contains 29 protein, five rRNA and 25 tRNA genes, most of which are also shared by the mitochondrial genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, the only other completely sequenced angiosperm mitochondrial genome. However, four genes identified here (namely rps13, trnF-GAA, ccb577 and trnC2-GCA) are missing in Arabidopsis mitochondria. In addition, four genes found in Arabidopsis (ccb228, rpl2, rpl16 and trnY2-GUA) are entirely absent in sugar beet or present only in severely truncated form. Introns, duplicated sequences, additional reading frames and inserted foreign sequences (chloroplast, nuclear and plasmid DNA sequences) contribute significantly to the overall size of the sugar beet mitochondrial genome. Nevertheless, 55.6% of the genome has no obvious features of information. We identified a novel tRNA(Cys) gene (trnC2-GCA) which shows no sequence homology with any tRNA(Cys) genes reported so far in higher plants. Intriguingly, this tRNA gene is actually transcribed into a mature tRNA, whereas the native tRNA(Cys) gene (trnC1-GCA) is most likely a pseudogene.
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Diagnosis and Histomorphologic Imaging of Brain Tumors In Vivo

Early detection and evaluation of brain tumors during surgery is crucial for accurate resection. Currently cryosections during surgery are regularly performed. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a novel technique permitting in vivo histologic imaging with miniaturized endoscopic probes at excellent resolution. Aim of the current study was to evaluate CLE for in vivo diagnosis in different types and models of intracranial neoplasia. In vivo histomorphology of healthy brains and two different C6 glioma cell line allografts was evaluated in rats. One cell line expressed EYFP, the other cell line was used for staining with fluorescent dyes (fluorescein, acriflavine, FITC-dextran and Indocyanine green). To evaluate future application in patients, fresh surgical resection specimen of human intracranial tumors (n = 15) were examined (glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma, craniopharyngioma, acoustic neurinoma, brain metastasis, medulloblastoma, epidermoid tumor). Healthy brain tissue adjacent to the samples served as control. CLE yielded high-quality histomorphology of normal brain tissue and tumors. Different fluorescent agents revealed distinct aspects of tissue and cell structure (nuclear pattern, axonal pathways, hemorrhages). CLE discrimination of neoplastic from healthy brain tissue was easy to perform based on tissue and cellular architecture and resemblance with histopathology was excellent. Confocal laser endomicroscopy allows immediate in vivo imaging of normal and neoplastic brain tissue at high resolution. The technology might be transferred to scientific and clinical application in neurosurgery and neuropathology. It may become helpful to screen for tumor free margins and to improve the surgical resection of malignant brain tumors, and opens the door to in vivo molecular imaging of tumors and other neurologic disorders.
Analysis of winning determinant performance indicators according to teams level in Chinese women’s volleyball

ABSTRACT The goal of the study was to identify the performance indicators in relation to set outcome regarding quality of opposition in elite women volleyball. The sample comprised 377 sets played in 100 matches by 12 teams participating in the Chinese Women’s Volleyball Association League (2016–2017). Teams were divided as high, middle and low level according to their ranking at the end of the season. Twelve performance indicators (points and errors in scoring and continuity actions) were chosen and analysed in terms of set outcome (win or lose) and type of confrontation. The results demonstrate that the quality of opposition has a clear influence on team performance. The spike and block, both in points and errors, were the mainly performance indicators related to set outcome. Serve points, serve-reception errors and excellent defences were also significant indicators. This study provides new insights into training and research, and it may be useful to coaches, physical trainers and match analysts for assessing performance and training their teams.
Near-infrared spectroscopy in adults

Sir,—We thank Dr Sinton for his detailed comments on our case report. The combined spinal-extradural was used to provide analgesia for vaginal examination and rupture of membranes in this woman with a known low lying placenta. In our experience, this technique provides excellent sacral analgesia without motor block, which is obviously undesirable in early labour. We apologize that full details were not given; the extradural catheter was resited only after attempts to produce bilateral analgesia had failed. The second extradural catheter placement also afforded unsatisfactory analgesia and another subarachnoid block was the only alternative to a general anaesthetic for the emergency Caesarcan section. The patient had expressed a desire to remain awake during delivery. It is our practice to offer extradural blood patch early in the treatment of post-dural puncture headache if simple analgesics and non-steroidals have failed and the patient desires further treatment. Extradural blood patches have been used since 1960 [1] with a very low incidence of serious complications [2]. We do not feel that comparison of the combined spinalextradural technique with micro-spinal catheters is appropriate. Micro-spinal catheters of 27-gauge or less were withdrawn in the USA in 1992 (not the early 1980s) after 11 cases of cauda equina syndrome were reported [3, 4]. All patients have the right to fully informed consent before agreeing to any medical procedure. Our firm intention, as with all other doctors, is to do no harm to our patients.
Agriculture Share of the Gross Domestic Product and its Implications for Rural Development

The study considered the relationship between Gross Domestic Product and output of major stapled food crops of Nigeria between 1990 and 2001. Data used were collected from various issues of Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, Annual Reports and Bureau of Statistics. Using correlation matrix, the result showed that there is a strong, positive and statistically significant relationship between GDP and these food crops except for wheat. Policies should therefore be put in place by the appropriate authorities geared towards providing production incentives to the rural farmers to enable them produce more of these stapled food crops that have significant impact on the GDP of Nigeria. [Anyanwu Sixtus O, Ibekwe U.C. , Adesope Olufemi M. Agriculture Share of the Gross Domestic Product and its Implications for Rural Development. World Rural Observations 2010;2(3):1-5]; ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub. net/rural.
Performance tuning and optimization of J2EE applications on the JBoss platform

Over the past couple of years the JBoss application server has established itself as a competitive open-source alternative to commercial J2EE platforms. Although it has been criticized for having poor scalability and performance, it keeps gaining in popularity and market share. In this paper, we present an experience report with a deployment of the industry-standard SPECjAppServer2004 benchmark on JBoss. Our goal is to study how the performance of JBoss applications can be improved by exploiting different deployment options offered by the JBoss platform. We consider a number of deployment alternatives including different JVMs, different Web containers, deployment descriptor settings and data access optimizations. We measure and analyze their effect on the overall system performance in both single-node and clustered environments. Finally, we discuss some general problems we encountered when running the benchmark under load.
Does the Nominal Exchange Rate Regime Affect the Real Interest Parity Condition?

The real interest parity (RIP) condition combines two cornerstones in international finance, uncovered interest parity (UIP) and ex ante purchasing power parity (PPP). The extent of deviation from RIP is therefore an indicator of the lack of product and financial market integration. This paper investigates whether the nominal exchange rate regime has an impact on RIP. The analysis is based on 15 annual real interest rates and covers a long time span, 1870-2006. Four subperiods are distinguished and linked to fixed and flexible exchange rate regimes: the Gold Standard, the interwar float, the Bretton Woods system and the current managed float. Panel integration techniques are applied to increase the power of the tests, where cross section correlation is embedded via common factor structures. The results suggest that RIP holds as a long run condition irrespectively of the nominal exchange rate regime. However, adjustment towards RIP is affected by both the institutional framework and the historical episode. Half lives of shocks tend to be lower under fixed exchange rates and in the first part of the sample. Although barriers to trade and capital controls have been removed, they did not lead to lower half lives during the managed float.
The Differential Rotation of κ1 Ceti as Observed by MOST

We first reported evidence for differential rotation of κ1 Ceti in Paper I. In this paper we demonstrate that the differential rotation pattern closely matches that for the Sun. This result is based on additional MOST observations in 2004 and 2005, as well as those from 2003. Using StarSpotz, a program developed specifically to analyze MOST photometry, we have solved for k, the differential rotation coefficient, and Peq, the equatorial rotation period using the light curves from all three years. The absolute range in spot latitudes is 10°-75° and k = 0.090, less than the solar value but consistent with the younger age of the star; k is also well constrained by the independent spectroscopic estimate of v sin i. We demonstrate independently that the pattern of differential rotation with latitude is indeed solar. Details are given of the parallel tempering formalism used in finding the most robust solution, which gives Peq = 8.77 days, smaller than that usually adopted, implying an age <750 My. Our values of Peq and k can explain the range of rotation periods others have found by spots or activity at a variety of latitudes. Historically, Ca II activity seems to occur consistently between latitudes 50° and 60°, which might indicate a permanent magnetic feature. Knowledge of k and Peq is key to understanding the dynamo mechanism and rotation structure in the convective zone, as well assessing age for solar-type stars. We recently published values of k and Peq for ϵ Eri based on MOST photometry and expect to analyze MOST light curves for several more spotted, solar-type stars.
MicroRNA-486-3p Regulates γ-Globin Expression in Human Erythroid Cells by Directly Modulating BCL11A

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in modulating a variety of cellular processes through repression of mRNAs target. The functional relevance of microRNAs has been proven in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. While analyzing miRNAs expression profile in unilineage serum-free liquid suspension unilineage cultures of peripheral blood CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) through the erythroid, megakaryocytic, granulocytic and monocytic pathways, we identified miR-486-3p as mainly expressed within the erythroid lineage. We showed that miR-486-3p regulates BCL11A expression by binding to the extra-long isoform of BCL11A 3′UTR. Overexpression of miR-486-3p in erythroid cells resulted in reduced BCL11A protein levels, associated to increased expression of γ-globin gene, whereas inhibition of physiological miR-486-3p levels increased BCL11A and, consequently, reduced γ-globin expression. Thus, miR-486-3p regulating BCL11A expression might contributes to fetal hemoglobin (HbF) modulation and arise the question as to what extent this miRNA might contribute to different HbF levels observed among β-thalassemia patients. Erythroid cells, differentiated from PB CD34+ cells of a small cohort of patients affected by major or intermedia β-thalassemia, showed miR-486-3p levels significantly higher than those observed in normal counterpart. Importantly, in these patients, miR-486-3p expression correlates with increased HbF synthesis. Thus, our data indicate that miR-486-3p might contribute to different HbF levels observed among thalassemic patients and, possibly, to the clinical severity of the disease.
The Effect of Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity on the Design and Analysis of Empirical Studies of Scale‐Dependent Systems

Processes interacting across scales of space and time influence emergent patterns in ecological systems, but to obtain strong inference and empirical generalities, ecologists need to balance reality with the practicalities of design and analyses. This article discusses heterogeneity, scaling, and design analysis problems and offers potential solutions to improve empirically based research. In particular, we recommend bridging the dichotomy between correlative and manipulative studies by nesting manipulative studies within a correlative framework. We suggest that building on variation, by designing studies to detect variability, rather than fighting it often leads to an increase in generality. We also emphasize the importance of natural history information for determining likely scales of spatial and temporal heterogeneity and the probable occurrence of feedback loops, indirect effects, and interacting processes. Finally, we integrate these concepts and suggest planned iterations between multiscale studies to build up natural history information and test the strength of relationships across space and time. This offers a way forward in terms of heuristically developing models and determining ecological generalities.
Cellular ubiquitination and proteasomal functions positively modulate mammalian nucleotide excision repair

The ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway is fundamental to synchronized continuation of many cellular processes, for example, cell‐cycle progression, stress response, and cell differentiation. Recent studies have shown that the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway functions in the regulation of nucleotide excision repair (NER) in yeast. In order to investigate the role of the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway in the NER of mammalian cells, global genomic repair (GGR), and transcription‐coupled repair (TCR) were examined in a mouse ts20 cell line that harbors a temperature‐sensitive ubiquitin‐activating enzyme (E1). We found that E1 inactivation‐induced ubiquitination deficiency decreased both GGR and TCR, indicating that the ubiquitination system is involved in the optimization of entire NER machinery in mammalian cells. We specifically inhibited the function of 19S proteasome subunit by overexpressing 19S regulatory complex hSug1 or its mutant protein hSug1mk in repair competent human fibroblast, OSU‐2, cells and compared their capacity for NER. The results showed that 19S regulatory complex positively modulates NER in cells. In addition, we treated OSU‐2 cells with the inhibitors of 20S subunit function, MG132 and lactacystin, and demonstrated that the catalytic activity of 20S subunit is also required for efficient NER. Moreover, the UV‐induced recruitment of repair factor xeroderma pigmentosum protein C (XPC) to damage sites was negatively affected by treatment of repair competent cells with MG132. Taken together, we conclude that the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway has a positive regulatory role for optimal NER capacity in mammalian cells and appears to act through facilitating the recruitment of repair factors to DNA damage sites. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.