Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bounds on the Reliability Function of Typewriter Channels

New lower and upper bounds on the reliability function of typewriter channels are given. Our lower bounds improve upon the (multiletter) expurgated bound of Gallager, furnishing a new and simple counterexample to a conjecture made in 1967 by Shannon, Gallager and Berlekamp on its tightness. The only other known counterexample is due to Katsman, Tsfasman and Vlăduţ who used algebraic-geometric codes on a q-ary symmetric channels, q ≥ 49. Here we prove, by introducing dependence between codewords of a random ensemble, that the conjecture is false even for a typewriter channel with q = 4 inputs. In the process, we also demonstrate that Lovász’s proof of the capacity of the pentagon was implicitly contained (but unnoticed! ) in the works of Jelinek and Gallager on the expurgated bound done at least ten years before Lovász. In the opposite direction, new upper bounds on the reliability function are derived for channels with an odd number of inputs by using an adaptation of Delsarte’s linear programming bound. First we derive a bound based on the minimum distance, which combines Lovász’s construction for bounding the graph capacity with the McEliece-Rodemich-Rumsey-Welch construction for bounding the minimum distance of codes in the Hamming space. Then, for the particular case of cross-over probability 1/2, we derive an improved bound by also using the method of Kalai and Linial to study the spectrum distribution of codes.
Human Neuroscience

described in an auditorily presented sentence. In this task, subjects are required to understand not only the individual meanings of nouns and verbs, but also the " thematic roles " of the individual nouns, conveyed in English through syntactic cues involving word order. Thus, for a sentence such as " The girl is pushing the boy, " subjects may have to distinguish a correct picture depicting a girl pushing a boy, from a syntactic foil picture in which a boy is pushing a girl. Studies of language comprehension in aphasic patients have identified specific factors of individual sentences that lead to comprehension difficulties. One such factor is generally referred to as " syntactic complexity. " Although the complexity of any individual sentence is dependent on the model of grammar employed to analyze it, there is general agreement that some sentences are more complex than others of the same length. In English, there is a strong tendency for the noun bearing the AGENT role to precede the noun bearing the PATIENT role in linear order, and structures that violate this tendency are considered to be more complex. These include the passive voice, e.g., " The girl is being pushed by the boy, " and object-embedded relative clauses, e.g., " The girl who the boy is pushing is tall. " Broca's aphasics frequently exhibit chance-level comprehension of thematic roles in such complex sentences (Drai and Grodzinsky, 2006), while comprehension is generally preserved in non-complex alternatives like simple actives " The boy is pushing the girl " or subject-embedded relative clauses " The boy who is pushing the girl is tall. "
Growth and yield of rice as affected by transplanting dates and seedlings per hill under high temperature of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan

Studies were initiated for two consecutive years to find out the effect of time of transplanting and seedlings hill−1 on the productivity of rice in Dera Ismail Khan district of North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements. Main plots consisted of four transplanting dates viz. 20th and 27th of June and 4th and 11th of July while sub-plots contained 1, 2, 3 or 4 seedlings hill−1. Among transplanting dates, June 20th planted crop gave highest paddy yield and net return with 1 seedling hill−1. It explains that the use of more seedlings hill−1 not only adds to cost but is also a mere wastage of natural resources. Based on research findings, we conclude that the use of 1 seedling hill−1 is most appropriate for timely sowing otherwise 4 seedlings hill−1 should be used to compensate for the yield gap in late transplanted rice.
Fas (CD95) expression in myeloid cells promotes obesity-induced muscle insulin resistance

Low‐grade inflammation in adipose tissue and liver has been implicated in obesity‐associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Yet, the contribution of inflammatory cells to the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle insulin resistance remains elusive. In a large cohort of obese human individuals, blood monocyte Fas (CD95) expression correlated with systemic and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. To test a causal role for myeloid cell Fas expression in the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance, we generated myeloid/haematopoietic cell‐specific Fas‐depleted mice. Myeloid/haematopoietic Fas deficiency prevented the development of glucose intolerance in high fat‐fed mice, in ob/ob mice, and in mice acutely challenged by LPS. In vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated preservation of muscle insulin responsiveness with no effect on adipose tissue or liver. Studies using neutralizing antibodies demonstrated a role for TNFα as mediator between myeloid Fas and skeletal muscle insulin resistance, supported by significant correlations between monocyte Fas expression and circulating TNFα in humans. In conclusion, our results demonstrate an unanticipated crosstalk between myeloid cells and skeletal muscle in the development of obesity‐associated insulin resistance.
Comparison of the ENEAR peculiar velocities with the PSCz gravity field

We present a comparison between the peculiar velocity field measured from the ENEAR all-sky D-n-sigma catalogue and that derived from the galaxy distribution of the IRAS Point Source Catalog Redshift Survey (PSCz). The analysis is based on a modal expansion of these data in redshift space by means of spherical harmonics and Bessel functions. The effective smoothing scale of the expansion is almost linear with redshift reaching 1500 km s(-1) at 3000 km s(-1). The general flow patterns in the filtered ENEAR and PSCz velocity fields agree well within 6000 km s(-1), assuming a linear biasing relation between the mass and the PSCz galaxies. The comparison allows us to determine the parameter beta=Omega (0.6)b, where Omega is the cosmological density parameter and b is the linear biasing factor. A likelihood analysis of the ENEAR and PSCz modes yields beta =0.5 +/-0.1, in good agreement with values obtained from Tully-Fisher surveys.
Attention guiding techniques using peripheral vision and eye tracking for feedback in augmented-reality-based assistance systems

A limiting factor of current smart glasses-based augmented reality (AR) systems is their small field of view. AR assistance systems designed for tasks such as order picking or manual assembly are supposed to guide the visual attention of the user towards the item that is relevant next. This is a challenging task, as the user may initially be in an arbitrary position and orientation relative to the target. As a result of the small field of view, in most cases the target will initially not be covered by the AR display, even if it is visible to the user. This raises the question of how to design attention guiding for such “off-screen gaze” conditions.
Recognising Personality Traits Using Facebook Status Updates

Gaining insight in a web user's personality is very valuable for applications that rely on personalisation, such as recommender systems and personalised advertising. In this paper we explore the use of machine learning techniques for inferring a user's personality traits from their Facebook status updates. Even with a small set of training examples we can outperform the majority class baseline algorithm. Furthermore, the results are improved by adding training examples from another source. This is an interesting result because it indicates that personality trait recognition generalises across social media platforms.
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION : JOINT ATTENTION AND TEMPERAMENT

Social communication is an important skill that emerges during infancy. We examined individual differences in this skill as a function of temperament and neural activity in nine-month-old infants. We found that maternal ratings of temperament were associated with joint attention, an important index of early social communication. More specifically, maternal ratings of pleasure were associated with joint attention bids that were accompanied by positive affect, while maternal ratings of fearfulness were associated with joint attention bids that were accompanied by negative affect. We also found that initiating joint attention was associated with decreased left frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) power, and initiating behavioral requests were associated with decreased left frontal EEG power. KEY-WORDS: joint attention, affect, temperament, EEG, social communication Infants communicate with social partners for many reasons. Some forms of social communication may emerge out of an intrinsic motivation system as described in models of intersubjectivity development (Trevarthen & Hubley, 1978). Infants who are high in approach may have a lower threshold for experiencing reward and may more easily elicit and display positive affect during social communication. In contrast, infants who are temperamentally fearful, high in avoidance or withdrawal motivation, may be less inclined to interact socially with unfamiliar persons, and more likely to communicate with familiar others as a way of maintaining contact in unfamiliar situations. Little research has investigated the associations between infant temperament or motivational bias and the development of social communication. The current study sought to address this issue by assessing relations between temperament and social communication in infants. Infants are able to communicate from an early age through eye contact and gestures. By nine-months, the neural circuitry of the basal ganglia and the * Corresponding address: Kate E. Nichols, University of Maryland, 3304 Benjamin Bldg, College Park, MD 20742 Email: knichol3@umd.edu
Lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphism and lipid profile in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

AIM To assess lipid profile and the genotype distribution of lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphism at Pvu II polymorphic site within the intron between exons 6 and 7 in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS Pvu II polymorphism was determined in 116 hypertriglyceridemic patients and 50 normolipidemic controls from Zagreb, Croatia. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Polymerase chain reaction was used for amplification of 6th intron, which was then restricted with Pvu II-restriction endonuclease. Serum lipid and lipoprotein fractions were determined by standard enzymatic methods. Cholesterol concentrations in HDL subfractions, HDL2 and HDL3, were determined after precipitation with polyethyleneglycol. Apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and B were determined by immunonephelometry. RESULTS Triglycerides showed a positive correlation with total cholesterol (r=0.222, 95% CI=0.041-0.389, p=0.017) and inverse correlation with HDL-cholesterol (r= -0.278, 95% CI= -0.449 to -0.088, p=0.005), especially with HDL3-cholesterol (r= -0.333, 95% CI= -0.497 to -0.147, p=0.001). The respective frequencies for genotypes /, +/, and +/+ were 22, 58, and 36 in the patient group, and 17, 17, and 16 in the control group. Serum triglycerides in the patient group, expressed as median in mmol/L, were 3.30 (range, 2.60-10.90), 3.60 (range, 2.50-21.50), and 3.99 (range, 2.50-15.56), respectively. Serum concentration of triglycerides differed significantly between the +/+ and / genotype (p=0.043). CONCLUSION There is an association between genetic variation at the locus for lipoprotein lipase and high serum triglyceride levels. This might prove useful in the detection of individuals susceptible to the development of hypertriglyceridemia, as well as a marker in the analysis of this genetic defect in patient families.
Exploring the social acceptability of skill-mix in dentistry.

AIM To explore lay views on skill-mix in dentistry and the experiences and social acceptability of care provided by operating dental auxiliaries. DESIGN Qualitative semistructured interviews and focus groups. SETTINGS Participants' homes and neutral public venues. PARTICIPANTS Purposive sample of 27 adults ensuring varieties of age, social and cultural backgrounds. RESULTS Three main themes emerged from the data. The first two (Perceptions of the Nature of Dental Services and Anxiety about Dental Treatment) influenced views in the third (Support for Skill-mix). Perceptions of the nature of services varied between and within participants and depended on the context in which they were being discussed. Consumerist views and greater dental anxiety tended to be related to lower support for skill-mix. However, the possibility of lower treatment costs was seen as beneficial. Public service views saw increased efficiency and access to services as benefits of skill-mix. Views on auxiliaries treating children varied from overt opposition to reluctant acceptance. The need for careful communication of the rationale for skill-mix was highlighted. CONCLUSION Views on skill-mix varied. Dental anxiety and perceptions of the nature of dental services appeared to influence support of its use. Careful communication of the rationale and potential benefits of skill-mix is needed.
Left prefrontal activation during episodic remembering: an event‐related fMRI study

THE major current theory relating brain mechanisms in prefrontal cortex (PFC) to memory for discrete events (episodic memory) emphasizes the role of right PFC during retrieval. Using event-related fMRI, we found both right and left PFC activity during episodic remembering, but only the left PFC activity was related to the amount of episodic detail required at test. We suggest that right PFC subserves relatively simple, heuristic, cognitive processes and that left PFC is recruited for more reflectively demanding, systematic, processes. Episodic remembering often requires such systematic processes and, under those circumstances, recruits left, as well as right, PFC.
Fast and accurate computation of equi-depth histograms over data streams

Equi-depth histograms represent a fundamental synopsis widely used in both database and data stream applications, as they provide the cornerstone of many techniques such as query optimization, approximate query answering, distribution fitting, and parallel database partitioning. Equi-depth histograms try to partition a sequence of data in a way that every part has the same number of data items. In this paper, we present a new algorithm to estimate equi-depth histograms for high speed data streams over sliding windows. While many previous methods were based on quantile computations, we propose a new method called BAr Splitting Histogram (BASH) that provides an expected ε-approximate solution to compute the equi-depth histogram. Extensive experiments show that BASH is at least four times faster than one of the best existing approaches, while achieving similar or better accuracy and in some cases using less memory. The experimental results also indicate that BASH is more stable on data affected by frequent concept shifts.
Mothering, fathering, and infant negativity as antecedents of boys' externalizing problems and inhibition at age 3 years: Differential susceptibility to rearing experience?

To examine the effects of infant negative emotionality and of mothering and fathering during the toddler years on 3-year-old boys' externalizing problems and inhibition, as well as explore the proposition that children vary in their susceptibility to rearing influence, 125 first-born, Caucasian boys from maritally intact families were studied. Results revealed that when infant negativity is measured with objective, replicable, and discriminantly valid procedures, no relation obtains between it and externalizing problems (nor inhibition). Moreover, as hypothesized on the basis of prior work, parenting was a stronger predictor of externalizing problems and inhibition in the case of children who were highly negative as infants. Mothering proved a stronger predictor of externalizing problems and fathering of inhibition, with more negative mothering in the 2nd and 3rd year forecasting higher CBCL-externalizing scores and less negative fathering in the 2nd and 3rd year and more positive fathering in the 2nd year forecasting more inhibition at age 3. Implications of these findings for studies of parental influence are considered.
Influence of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and ornithine concentrations on complications after renal transplant.

OBJECTIVES The present study, registered at clinicaltrials.gov with the unique registration number NCT00560014, sought to evaluate the relations between fatty acid concentrations in red blood cells or plasma and amino acid concentrations in plasma on rejection, calcineurin inhibitor toxicity, and new-onset diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipid profiles on plasma or red blood cell samples were performed preoperatively and postoperatively in 54 patients. Plasma amino acid profiles were obtained in 49 of these patients. RESULTS High concentrations of total omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in red blood cells, and ornithine in plasma, all were associated with a significantly lower incidence of rejection, whereas high total omega-6 fatty acids were associated with a high rejection rate. Calcineurin inhibitor toxicity was associated with low levels of docosahexaenoic acid, ornithine, and the omega-3 index, and high total omega-6 and omega-3/omega-6 ratios. Inhibition of new-onset diabetes mellitus was seen only with high levels of ornithine. Peak concentrations of fatty acids in red blood cells were not obtained until after 30 days. High levels of arginine were not associated with reduced complications. CONCLUSIONS The levels of selected nutrients in plasma and red blood cell membranes appear to have a profound effect on complications after renal transplant. These preliminary results need confirmation in prospective randomized clinical trials.
Project-based learning as a facilitator of self-regulation in a middle school curriculum.

This study examined 56 middle school students' self-reflections and self-regulatory behavioral development in a project-based learning experience. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected providing a more comprehensive evaluation of 1) students' perceptions of their self-regulatory behaviors in the project-based learning experience and 2) both the teacher's and students' perceptions of what aspects of the project-based learning experience were beneficial in facilitating students' self-regulatory behaviors. The overall findings in this study suggest that students had success in using metacognitive processes to self-monitor the development of their self-regulatory skills. The self-monitoring process was a deliberate approach used to teach students to self-identify their weaknesses and strengths in terms of three self-regulatory skills: learning strategy use, goal setting and time management. These skills are instrumental in students' achieving success by independently completing a project. The outcomes of the study imply that students need scaffolding support in project-based learning in order to facilitate the development of self-regulatory skills. As students completed the social studies class project, they required careful guidance to learn to sift through and to synthesize information from a variety of resources. It was important to design a collaborative learning environment where students were encouraged to share in the decision-making process of the project outcomes and the curriculum. Students used the Student Weekly Reflection Form (SWRF) to engage in self-reflection throughout the project. NUD*IST N6 was used to quantify and analyze the data obtained from the SWRF. Students' pre- and post-test scores on the Goal Orientation Index (GOI) (Atman, 1986) showed a significant increase in the Reflecting and Planning Subscales at the . 01 level of significance using a one-tailed t-test. The Bandura Self-Efficacy for Self-Regulated Learning Scale (as cited in Pajares and Urdan, 2006) was used to measure students' perceptions of their self-regulatory abilities to complete goals. There was no significant difference between the students' pre- and post-test scores as measured by a one-tailed t-test.This study adds to existing social cognitive understanding. In order for students to identify and develop self-regulatory skills in this project, they first had to experience the opportunity to participate as managers in their own learning.
The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and the secondary granule protein lactoferrin are synthesized in myelocytes, colocalize in subcellular fractions of neutrophils, and are coreleased by activated neutrophils

The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) re‐establishes homeostasis at sites of infection by virtue of its ability to exert antimicrobial activity, to suppress LPS‐induced cellular immune responses, and to reduce tissue damage through inhibition of serine proteases released by polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs). Microarray analysis of bone marrow (BM) populations highly enriched in promyelocytes, myelocytes/metamyelocytes (MYs), and BM neutrophils demonstrates a transient, high mRNA expression of SLPI and genuine secondary granule proteins (GPs) in MYs. Consistent with this finding, immunostaining of BM cells showed SLPI and the secondary GP lactoferrin (LF) to be present in cells from the myelocyte stage and throughout neutrophil differentiation. Subcellular fractionation studies demonstrated the colocalization of SLPI and LF in subcellular fractions highly enriched in secondary granules. Finally, exocytosis studies demonstrated a corelease of SLPI and LF within minutes of activation. Collectively, these findings strongly indicate that SLPI is localized in secondary granules of PMNs. However, the amount of SLPI detected in PMNs is low compared with primary keratinocytes stimulated by growth factors involved in wound healing. This implicates that neutrophil‐derived SLPI might not contribute essentially to re‐establishment of homeostasis at sites of infection but rather, exert physiologically relevant intracellular activities. These might include the protection of secondary GPs against proteolytic activation and/or degradation by proteases, which might be dislocated to secondary granules at minute amounts as a consequence of spillover.