Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Household Level Determinants of Food Security in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia

The study look for examining food security status of rural households in Gomma District in south western Ethiopia. Household caloric acquisition method was used to measure the status of food security. Household survey was conducted on 190 households and based on these households binary logistic regression model was estimated. Variables related like age, income from off farm/non-farm activities, size of cultivated land, livestock and oxen ownership were found to have positive impact for the attainment of household food security. Likewise use of chemical fertilizer and soil and water conservation practice were found to have positively affecting household food security in the study area. The finding indicated that development interventions that aimed to encourage older households to share their experience to younger households, diversify income of the households, improving productivity of land and livestock, improving the supply and access of chemical fertilizer, incentives to use soil and water conservation activities are found to improve the food security status of the households , thus concerned bodies need to do access and that aimed to diversify income of the households, improving the supply of chemical fertilizer , improving the productivity of land and livestock will have paramount importance for the attainment of household food security. Generally, this study has implication that attaining household food security in southwestern Ethiopia needs mixed adoption of policies and strategies. Keywords: Correlates, Food insecurity, Ethiopia, Determinant
Loopholes and the Evolution of Contract Form

We explore a simple overlapping-generations model of the evolution via \loopholes" of incentive systems such as contracts, organizations, or regulatory regimes. Young principals, who are uncertain about what actions will be feasible for their agents, get limited observations of earlier agents’ behavior, and rationally update their beliefs about feasible actions. When old, they oer
HUMAN-INSPIRED ROBOTIC FORGETTING: FILTERING TO IMPROVE ESTIMATION ACCURACY

Perfect memory and recall provides a mixed blessing. While flawless recollection of episodic data allows for increased reasoning, photographic memory can hinder a robot’s ability to operate in real-time dynamic environments. Human-inspired forgetting methods may enable robotic systems to rid themselves of out-dated, irrelevant, and erroneous data. This paper presents the ActSimple algorithm and an associated experimental analysis. The ActSimple algorithm is a novel approach to improving robotic performance by filtering data available to existing algorithms. The experimental analysis tested the effectiveness of five forgetting algorithms in a WiFi signal strength estimation task. The results suggest that forgetting can improve estimation accuracy while reducing the number of sensor readings required. The simplified version of ActSimple outperformed the other forgetting methods and appears to be a flexible and adaptable means of incorporating human-inspired forgetting into robotic systems.
Moesin and its activating kinase Slik are required for cortical stability and microtubule organization in mitotic cells

Cell division requires cell shape changes involving the localized reorganization of cortical actin, which must be tightly linked with chromosome segregation operated by the mitotic spindle. How this multistep process is coordinated remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that the actin/membrane linker moesin, the single ERM (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) protein in Drosophila melanogaster, is required to maintain cortical stability during mitosis. Mitosis onset is characterized by a burst of moesin activation mediated by a Slik kinase–dependent phosphorylation. Activated moesin homogenously localizes at the cortex in prometaphase and is progressively restricted at the equator in later stages. Lack of moesin or inhibition of its activation destabilized the cortex throughout mitosis, resulting in severe cortical deformations and abnormal distribution of actomyosin regulators. Inhibiting moesin activation also impaired microtubule organization and precluded stable positioning of the mitotic spindle. We propose that the spatiotemporal control of moesin activation at the mitotic cortex provides localized cues to coordinate cortical contractility and microtubule interactions during cell division.
Unstable magnetohydrodynamical continuous spectrum of accretion disks. A new route to magnetohydro

Context. We present a detailed study of localised magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) instabilities occurring in two-dimensional magnetized accretion disks. Aims. We model axisymmetric MHD disk tori, and solve the equations governing a two-dimensional magnetized accretion disk equilibrium and linear wave modes about this equilibrium. We show the existence of novel MHD instabilities in these two-dimensional equilibria which do not occur in an accretion disk in the cylindrical limit. Methods. The disk equilibria are numerically computed by the FINESSE code. The stability of accretion disks is investigated analytically as well as numerically. We use the PHOENIX code to compute all the waves and instabilities accessible to the computed disk equilibrium. Results. We concentrate on strongly magnetized disks and sub-Keplerian rotation in a large part of the disk. These disk equilibria show that the thermal pressure of the disk can only decrease outwards if there is a strong gravitational potential. Our theoretical stability analysis shows that convective continuum instabilities can only appear if the density contours coincide with the poloidal magnetic flux contours. Our numerical results confirm and complement this theoretical analysis. Furthermore, these results show that the influence of gravity can either be stabilizing or destabilizing on this new kind of MHD instability. In the likely case of a non-constant density, the height of the disk should exceed a threshold before this type of instability can play a role. Conclusions. This localised MHD instability provides an ideal, linear route to MHD turbulence in strongly magnetized accretion disk tori.
Application of Bayesian neural network in electrical impedance tomography

In this contribution we present a method for solving the inverse problem in electric impedance tomography with neural networks. The problem of reconstructing the conductivity distribution inside an object from potential measurements on the surface is known to be ill-posed requiring efficient regularization techniques. We demonstrate that a statistical inverse solution, where the mean of the inverse mapping is approximated with a neural network gives promising results. We study the effect of input and output data representation by simulations and conclude that projection to principal axis is feasible data transformation. Also we demonstrate that Bayesian neural networks, which aim to average over all network models weighted by the model's posterior probability provide the best reconstruction results. With the presented approach estimation of some target variables, such as the void fraction (the ratio of gas and liquid), may be applicable directly without the actual image reconstruction. We also demonstrate that the solutions are very robust against noise in inputs.
Limited Attention and Asset Price Efficiency: Evidence from NYSE Opening and Closing Ceremonies

The limited attention hypothesis suggests that investors’ limited cognitive resources affect securities markets. We explore predictions from the limited attention hypothesis in the context of firms participating in NYSE’s Opening and Closing Bell ceremonies. In contrast to prior research, our unique experimental design allows us to more easily differentiate information shocks from attention shocks. We have two new findings: 1) Institutional investors are affected by limited attention and 2) limited attention has little influences on asset prices.
Schrödinger’s Cheshire Cat: Are Haploid Emiliania huxleyi Cells Resistant to Viral Infection or Not?

Emiliania huxleyi is the main calcite producer on Earth and is routinely infected by a virus (EhV); a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Phycodnaviridae. E. huxleyi exhibits a haplodiploid life cycle; the calcified diploid stage is non-motile and forms extensive blooms. The haploid phase is a non-calcified biflagellated cell bearing organic scales. Haploid cells are thought to resist infection, through a process deemed the “Cheshire Cat” escape strategy; however, a recent study detected the presence of viral lipids in the same haploid strain. Here we report on the application of an E. huxleyi CCMP1516 EhV-86 combined tiling array (TA) that further confirms an EhV infection in the RCC1217 haploid strain, which grew without any signs of cell lysis. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and PCR verified the presence of viral RNA in the haploid cells, yet indicated an absence of viral DNA, respectively. These infected cells are an alternative stage of the virus life cycle deemed the haplococcolithovirocell. In this instance, the host is both resistant to and infected by EhV, i.e., the viral transcriptome is present in haploid cells whilst there is no evidence of viral lysis. This superimposed state is reminiscent of Schrödinger’s cat; of being simultaneously both dead and alive.
Impaired Expression of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 1A Neuropathy

We investigated the contribution of Schwann cell-derived ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to the pathogenesis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) and addressed the question as to whether it plays a role in the development of axonal damage observed in the disease, with aging. Ciliary neurotrophic factor was underexpressed in experimental CMT1A but not in other models of hereditary neuropathies. Sciatic nerve crush experiments and dosage of CNTF at different time points showed that expression of this trophic factor remained significantly lower in CMT1A rats than in normal controls; moreover, in uninjured CMT1A sciatic nerves CNTF levels further decreased with ageing, thus paralleling the molecular signs of axonal impairment, that is increased expression of non-phosphorylated neurofilaments and amyloid precursor protein. Administration of CNTF to dorsal root ganglia cultures reduced dephosphorylation of neurofilaments in CMT1A cultures, without improving demyelination. Taken together, these results provide further evidence that the production of CNTF by Schwann cells is markedly reduced in CMT1A. Moreover, the observations suggest that trophic support to the axon is impaired in CMT1A and that further studies on the therapeutic use of trophic factors or their derivatives in experimental and human CMT1A are warranted.
Acarbose treatments improve arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aims/Introduction: Although the improvement of postprandial hyperglycemia by an alpha‐glucosidase inhibitor (α‐GI) has been associated with a risk reduction of cardiovascular events, the relationship between postprandial hyperglycemia and arterial stiffness has not been well understood. We therefore examined whether ameliorating the postprandial state by α‐GI leads to an improvement in arterial stiffness.
Number 3 Fall 1995 69 EXPECTATIONS OF WEEKEND AND TURN-OFTHE-MONTH MEAN RETURN SHIFTS IMPLICIT IN INDEX CALL OPTION PRICES

This study extends the call option pricing model developed by O’Brien (1986), which has as one of the parameters the expected return on the underlying asset, to index options. Market prices of call options on the Standard and Poor's 100 stock index are used to implicitly derive the expected rate of return on the index. Two previously documented seasonal mean shifts, at the weekend and the turn-of-the-month, are examined. Empirical evidence indicates these shifts are at least partially anticipated by investors.
Political Skill in the Team Context: Team Political Skill Composition and Team Effectiveness

This thesis examined the role of "soft skills", namely team political skill, in predicting team effectiveness. My primary goal was to extend the current paradigm of individual political skill (a work context understanding of others applied to influencing their actions to advance one's own or organizational agenda) by developing a model of political skill composition at the team level. Based on the results obtained from 189 student project teams and 28 business work teams I found team political skill operationalized as a group mean to be a strong predictor of team emergent states. The results also supported the need for additional methods of operationalizing team political skill, specifically dispersion and minimum score. To explain how and when the effects of team political skill on team effectiveness hold, I hypothesized and demonstrated the mediation effect of team emergent states, including group cohesiveness, team trust, and team conflict. I also identified perception of organizational politics and team task interdependence as important moderators of the team political skill and team emergent states relationship. Finally, I explored the impact of team political skill in comparison to the impact of the leader political skill and found that team political skill was an important predictor of team effectiveness beyond leader political skill. The findings provide important practical guidelines for organizations on employees’ political skill composition in effective teams. The organizational implications extend to recruitment, training, development and team building.
Adding variation to path planning

Path planning in computer games, whether these are serious or entertainment games, plays an important role in the immersion of a player. Recently, the concept of path planning inside corridors has been introduced and a novel approach under the name Corridor Map Method (CMM) has been proposed. In this paper, we extend the original CMM by creating alternative paths that a character can follow within a corridor. This not only presents a more challenging and less predictable opponent for the player, but also enhances the realism of the gaming and/or training experience. We also discuss how variation in the speed of the animated characters can be integrated into our extended framework, leading to convincing characters that exhibit human like path planning. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distances of the bulge globular clusters Terzan 5, Liller 1, UKS 1, and Terzan 4 based on HST NICMOS photometry

Context. A large number of pulsars and X-rays sources are detected in globular clusters. To understand the structure and content of these clusters, accurate distances are required. Aims. We derive the distances of Terzan 5, Liller 1 and UKS 1 using as a reference a recent distance determination of NGC 6528, based on HST/NICMOS and NTT/SOFI infrared photometry. The distance of the metal-poor cluster Terzan 4 was derived from a comparison with M 92 in NICMOS bands. Methods. Distances of the metal-rich clusters are obtained by comparison of the Horizontal Branch (HB) level of the clusters, relative to the reddening line passing through the HB of NGC 6528. We use methods based on NICMOS bands and transformations to J and H magnitudes with different assumptions. Results. Liller 1 and Terzan 4 are found to be at the central bulge distance, UKS 1 is beyond the Galactic center, while Terzan 5 is closer to the Sun than the other four clusters. Conclusions. The distance of Terzan 5 is of paramount importance, given the impact of its population of 21 pulsars, which is related to the high cluster density. The distance of Terzan 5 is found to be d� = 5.5 ± 0.9 kpc from the Sun, thus closer to us than values given in studies of pulsars in Terzan 5. As a consequence, the higher cluster density is even more favourable for formation of the millisecond pulsars recently detected in this cluster.
The Density and Temperature of Molecular Clouds in M33

We have observed the 12CO J = 2-1,13CO J = 2-1, and 12CO J = 3-2 lines in a sample of seven giant molecular clouds in the Local Group spiral galaxy M33 using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The 12CO/13CO J = 2-1 line ratio is constant across the entire sample, while the observed 12CO J = 3-2/J = 2-1 line ratio has a weak dependence on the star formation environment of the cloud, with large changes in the line ratio seen only for clouds in the immediate vicinity of an extremely luminous H II region. A large velocity gradient analysis indicates that clouds without H II regions have temperatures of 10-20 K, clouds with H II regions have temperatures of 15-100 K, and the cloud in the giant H II region has a temperature of at least 100 K. Interestingly, the giant H II region appears capable of raising the kinetic temperature of the molecular gas only for clouds that are quite nearby (<100 pc). The continuous change of physical conditions across the observed range of star formation environments suggests that the unusual physical conditions in the cloud in the giant H II region are due to post-star formation changes in the molecular gas, rather than intrinsic properties of the gas related to the formation of the giant H II region. The results from this study of M33 suggest that similar observations of ensembles of giant molecular clouds in more distant normal spiral galaxies are likely to give meaningful measurements of the average physical conditions inside the molecular clouds. These results also imply that clouds with a factor of 3 difference in metallicity have similar density and temperature, which in turn implies that the differences in the CO-to-H2 conversion factor seen in these clouds can be attributed to metallicity effects entirely.
SERIES ( Statistics # 2005-02 ) Approximate String Comparator Search Strategies for Very Large Administrative Lists

Rather than collect data from a variety of surveys, it is often more efficient to merge information from administrative lists. Matching of person files might be done using name and date-of-birth as the primary identifying information. There are obvious difficulties with entities having a commonly occurring name such as John Smith that may occur 30,000+ times (1.5 for each date-of-birth). If there are 5% typographical error in each field, then using fast character-by-character searches can miss 20% of true matches among noncommonly occurring records where name plus date-ofbirth might be unique. This paper describes some existing solutions and current research directions.
Selection of High‐z Supernova Candidates

Deep, ground‐based, optical wide‐field supernova searches are capable of detecting a large number of supernovae over a broad redshift range up to z∼1.5. While it is practically infeasible to obtain spectroscopic redshifts of all supernova candidates right after their discovery, we show that the magnitudes and colors of the host galaxies, as well as the supernovae, can be used to select high‐z supernova candidates for subsequent spectroscopic and photometric follow‐up. Using Monte Carlo simulations we construct criteria for selecting galaxies in well‐defined redshift bands. For example, with a selection criterion using B−R and R−I colors we are able to pick out potential host galaxies for which z≥0.85 with an 80% confidence level and with a selection efficiency of 64%–86%. The method was successfully tested using real observations from the Hubble Deep Field. Similarly, we show that the magnitude and colors of the supernova discovery data can be used to constrain the redshift. With a set of cuts based on V−R and R−I in a search to mI∼25, supernovae at z∼1 can be selected in a redshift interval σz≤0.15.
Loss of heather Calluna vulgaris moorland in the Scottish uplands: the role of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus management

Scottish upland moorland dominated by heather Calluna vulgaris is the primary habitat for red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus, and has been declining since the 1940s. At the same time red grouse numbers have also fallen. We compared land cover change on sites managed for grouse shooting (1945–1990), and on sites which were managed for grouse in the 1940s but on which management had stopped by the 1980s. Land cover type for sites (N = 229) containing >10% heather cover in the 1940s were examined during the 1940s, 1970s and 1980s. Grouse management existed on 49% of sites in the 1940s, a number which had fallen to 20% by the 1980s. In the 1940s there were no significant differences in land cover type between areas that were managed for grouse, and areas that were not. However, differences emerged during the 1970s and 1980s; areas where grouse management had ceased by the 1980s showed an expansion in woodland cover from 6% in the 1940s to 30% in the 1980s, and a reduction in heather cover from 53 to 29%. In areas where active grouse management had been maintained, woodland increased from 3 to 10% and heather decreased from 51 to 41% during the same period. These changes may be, in part, a consequence of government agricultural and forestry policy. When profitable, grouse management reduces the attractiveness of such subsidies and thereby results in a slower loss of heather.
Violence in schools : a correlational study into the relationship between an Afrocentric orientation and attitudes towards violence among African secondary school learners in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal.

ii Acknowledgements.iii Acronyms.v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.1 Rationale for the Study.1 Objectives of the Study.2 Research Questions.2 Definition of Terms.2 Delimitation and Scope of the Study.3 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE.5 Indigenous Education in Africa.5 History of Formal Schooling in South Africa.5 Racial Segregation and Bantu Education.7 Black People’s Responses to Bantu Education.9 The 1976 Student Uprisings.10
Nutritional Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices among HIV-positive Individuals in India

This descriptive study investigated the nutrition-related knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in India. Data relating to nutritional KAP and sociodemographic profile were gathered from a sample of 400 PLHIV from New Delhi, India, using preset multiple-choice questionnaire. The knowledge on HIV/AIDS was low; nutritional knowledge was moderate as 80% of respondents could answer 4 out of 7 questions correctly. The attitude toward disease and food was positive but the application of nutritional knowledge was lacking as indicated by the moderate practice score of 8.1±2.3 out of a total score of 15. There were no significant differences in scores between genders. The PLHIV had knowledge about importance of nutrition during infection, had positive attitude toward the disease and the importance of nutrition during the course of the disease but translation of this knowledge into practice was low. Thus, there is a need for continuous interventions primarily aiming at behaviour change to convert knowledge into healthy dietary practices.