Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two or three machined vs roughened surface dental implants loaded immediately supporting total fixed prostheses: 1-year results from a randomised controlled trial.

PURPOSE To compare implants with machined vs roughened surfaces placed flapless in totally edentulous jaws and immediately restored with metal-resin screw-retained cross-arch prostheses. Mandibles were rehabilitated with two implants (Fixed-on-2 or Fo2) and maxillae with three implants (Fixed-on-3 or Fo3). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty edentulous or to be rendered edentulous patients (20 in the mandible and 20 in the maxilla) were randomised to the machined group (20 patients: 10 mandibles and 10 maxillae) and to the roughened group (20 patients: 10 mandibles and 10 maxillae) according to a parallel group design. To be immediately loaded implants had to be inserted with a minimum torque of 60 Ncm. Outcome measures were prosthesis and implant failures, complications and peri-implant marginal bone level changes evaluated up to 1 year post-loading. RESULTS Flaps were raised in four patients from the machined group. Four prostheses on machined implants and three on roughened implants were delayed for loading because a sufficient insertion torque was not obtained. There were no dropouts 1 year after loading. Two maxillary machined implants were lost in two patients (difference in proportions = 0.10; 95% CI = -0.03 to 0.23; P (Fisher's exact test) = 0.487); one maxillary Fo3 prosthesis on machined implants and one mandibular Fo2 prosthesis on roughened implants had to be remade (difference in proportions = 0; 95% CI = -0.14 to 0.14; P (Fisher's exact test) = 1.000). Five patients with machined implants had six complications vs seven patients who had eight complications at roughened implants (difference in proportions = -0.10; 95% CI = -0.38 to 0.18; P (Fisher's exact test) = 0.731). There were no statistically significant differences for implant failures, prosthetic failures or complications between groups. There were no statistically significant differences for marginal peri-implant bone levels between the two groups (estimate of the difference = -0.06 mm; 95% CI = -0.23 to 0.10; P (ANCOVA) = 0.445), with both groups losing marginal bone in a statistically significant way (0.35 ± 0.23 mm for machined and 0.42 ± 0.27 mm for roughened surface). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results suggest that immediately loaded cross-arch prostheses can be supported by only two mandibular or three maxillary dental implants at least up to 1 year post-loading, independently of the type of implant surface used. Longer follow-ups are needed to understand whether one of the two-implant surfaces is preferable.
Balancing the benefits and detriments among women targeted by the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program

Objective To compute a ratio between the estimated numbers of lives saved from breast cancer death and the number of women diagnosed with a breast cancer that never would have been diagnosed during the woman’s lifetime had she not attended screening (epidemiologic over-diagnosis) in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program. Methods The Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program invites women aged 50–69 to biennial mammographic screening. Results from published studies using individual level data from the programme for estimating breast cancer mortality and epidemiologic over-diagnosis comprised the basis for the ratio. The mortality reduction varied from 36.8% to 43% among screened women, while estimates on epidemiologic over-diagnosis ranged from 7% to 19.6%. We computed the average estimates for both values. The benefit–detriment ratio, number of lives saved, and number of women over-diagnosed were computed for different scenarios of reduction in breast cancer mortality and epidemiologic over-diagnosis. Results For every 10,000 biennially screened women, followed until age 79, we estimated that 53–61 (average 57) women were saved from breast cancer death, and 45–126 (average 82) were over-diagnosed. The benefit–detriment ratio using average estimates was 1:1.4, indicating that the programme saved about one life per 1–2 women with epidemiologic over-diagnosis. Conclusion The benefit–detriment ratio estimates of the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program, expressed as lives saved from breast cancer death and epidemiologic over-diagnosis, should be interpreted with care due to substantial uncertainties in the estimates, and the differences in the scale of values of the events compared.
Electrospun PCL nanofibers with anisotropic mechanical properties as a biomedical scaffold

To design an ideal scaffold, various factors should be considered, such as pore size and morphology, mechanical properties versus porosity, surface properties and appropriate biodegradability. Of these factors, the importance of mechanical properties on cell growth is particularly obvious in tissues such as bone, cartilage, blood vessels, tendons and muscles. Although electrospun nanofibers provide easily applicable nano-sized structures which could be used as biomedical scaffolds, the mechanical properties are poor since an increased pore size and porosity are generally accompanied by a decrease in mechanical properties. In addition, the general electrospinning has been limited to the fabrication of a variety of anisotropic mechanical properties, which are extremely important parameters for designing a musculoskeletal system. In this study, scaffolds consisting of variously oriented nanofibers were produced using an electrospinning process modified with an auxiliary electrode and a two-axis robot collecting system. Using an auxiliary electrode, a stable Taylor cone and initial spun jets were obtained. The influence of the electrode was evaluated with electric field simulation. Using the modified electrospinning process, various directions of orientation of electrospun fibers could be acquired and the fabricated oriented nanofiber webs showed a mechanically anisotropic behavior and a higher hydrophilic property compared to randomly distributed fibrous mats.
Blood donation history and eligibility assessment in a community‐based sample of men who have sex with men

In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration changed the regulation from a permanent deferral from donation for men who have sex with men (MSM) to a 1‐year deferral since last sexual contact. It is unknown what proportions of MSM try to donate and if they would be willing to answer individual risk‐based questions to assess their current eligibility.
Polymorphic transformations between olivine, wadsleyite and ringwoodite: mechanisms of intracrystalline nucleation and the role of elastic strain

Abstract Kinetic models and rate equations for polymorphic reconstructive phase transformations in polycrystalline aggregates are usually based on the assumptions that (a) the product phase nucleates on grain boundaries in the reactant phase and (b) growth rates of the product phase remain constant with time at fixed P-T. Recent observations of experimentally-induced transformations between (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 olivine (α) and its high pressure polymorphs, wadsleyite (β) and ringwoodite (γ), demonstrate that both these assumptions can be invalid, thus complicating the extrapolation of experimental kinetic data. Incoherent grain boundary nucleation appears to have dominated in most previous experimental studies of the α-β-γ transformations because of the use of starting materials with small (<10-20 µm) grain sizes. In contrast, when large (0.6 mm) olivine single crystals are reacted, intracrystalline nucleation of both β and γ becomes the dominant mechanism, particularly when the P-T conditions significantly overstep the equilibrium boundary. At pressures of 18-20 GPa intracrystalline nucleation involves (i) the formation of stacking faults in the olivine, (ii) coherent nucleation of γ-lamellae on these faults and (iii) nucleation of β on γ. In other experiments, intracrystalline nucleation is also observed during the β-γ transformation. In this case coherent nucleation of γ appears to occur at the intersections of dislocations with (010) stacking faults in β, which suggests that the nucleation rate is stress dependent. Reaction rims of β/γ form at the margins of the olivine single crystals by grain boundary nucleation. Measurements of growth distance as a function of time indicate that the growth rate of these rims decreases towards zero as transformation progresses. The growth rate slows because of the decrease in the magnitude of the Gibbs free energy (stored elastic strain energy) that develops as a consequence of the large volume change of transformation. On a longer time scale, growth kinetics may be controlled by viscoelastic relaxation.
Discussing Sexual Dysfunction with Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Practice Patterns in the Office of the Nephrologist.

INTRODUCTION Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a common problem in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sexual health remains a difficult subject to detect and discuss. Although many studies have been performed on the incidence of SD, little is known about practice patterns when it concerns quality of life (QoL)-related questions such as SD in the nephrologists' practice. AIM The aim of this study was to determine to which extent nephrologists, important renal care providers, discuss SD with their patients and their possible barriers toward discussing this subject. METHODS A 50-item questionnaire was sent to all Dutch nephrologists (n = 312). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The survey results. RESULTS The response rate of the survey was 34.5%. Almost all responders (96.4%) stated to address SD in less than half of their new patients. The most important barrier not to discuss SD was patients not expressing their concern regarding SD spontaneously (70.8%). Other important barriers were: "the lack of a suitable moment to discuss" (61.9%) and "insufficient time" (46.9%). Eighty-five percent of the nephrologists stated that insufficient attention was paid to SD and treatment options during their training. Sixty-five percent of the respondents stated to be in need of extending their knowledge on the discussing of SD. CONCLUSIONS Dutch nephrologists do not discuss problems with sexual function routinely. The lack of knowledge, suitable education, and insufficient time are factors causing undervaluation of SD in CKD patients. Implementation of competent sexual education and raising awareness among nephrologists on the importance of paying attention to SD could improve care and QoL for patients with CKD. More research should be performed among patients and other renal care providers to develop an adequate method to enhance our current system.
Fabrication and magnetic study of Co/Pt multilayer nanowires and Co–Pt alloy nanowires electrodeposited into porous Si substrates

In this work, we grow composite structures consisting of magnetic and non-magnetic metal or alloy nanowires electrodeposited into the ion etched tracks previously created inside Si substrates. The holes are then filled by Co–Pt alloys and Co/Pt multilayers using electrodeposition technique making a large number of parallel nanowires. This process takes place in a single electrolyte containing Co+2 and Pt+4 ions by applying a proper deposition potential using a computer control potentiostat. The magnetic properties of the sample were studied using vibrating sample magnetometer. Magnetoresistive behaviour of the nanowire samples was then studied by subjecting the samples to an external magnetic field. The results show that the Co/Pt multilayered nanowires exhibit a large magnetoresistance, while the Co–Pt alloys only show anisotropic magnetoresistance. This result could be of a great interest for the sensor fabrication community as they will provide a view on a very important direction of the development of the wide spread sensor industry, and more importantly for understanding the physical phenomena underlying the magnetic/non-magnetic nanostructures.
Post-hoc analysis of MCI186-17, the extension study to MCI186-16, the confirmatory double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study of edaravone in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Abstract In the 24-week double-blind study of edaravone in ALS (MCI186-16), edaravone did not show a statistically significant difference versus placebo for the primary efficacy endpoint. For post-hoc analyses, two subpopulations were identified in which edaravone might be expected to show efficacy: the efficacy-expected subpopulation (EESP), defined by scores of ≥2 points on all 12 items of the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) and a percent predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC) ≥80% at baseline; and the definite/probable EESP 2 years (dpEESP2y) subpopulation which, in addition to EESP criteria, had definite or probable ALS diagnosed by El Escorial revised criteria, and disease duration of ≤2 years. In the 36-week extension study of MCI186-16, a 24-week double-blind comparison followed by 12 weeks of open-label edaravone (MCI186-17; NCT00424463), analyses of ALSFRS-R scores of the edaravone-edaravone group and edaravone-placebo group for the full analysis set (FAS) and EESP, as prospectively defined, were reported in a previous article. Here we additionally report results in patients who met dpEESP2y criteria at the baseline of MCI186-16. In the dpEESP2y, the difference in ALSFRS-R changes from 24 to 48 weeks between the edaravone-edaravone and edaravone-placebo groups was 2.79 (p = 0.0719), which was greater than the differences previously reported for the EESP and the FAS. The pattern of adverse events in the dpEESP2y did not show any additional safety findings to those from the earlier prospective study. In conclusion, this post-hoc analysis suggests a potential effect of edaravone between 24 and 48 weeks in patients meeting dpEESP2y criteria at baseline.
Production and operations analysis

Chapter 1 Strategy and Competition Chapter 2 Forecasting Chapter 3 Aggregate Planning Supplement 1 Linear Programming Chapter 4 Inventory Control Subject to Known Demand Chapter 5 Inventory Control Subject to Uncertain Demand Chapter 6 Supply Chain Management Chapter 7 Push and Pull Production Control Systems: MRP and JIT Chapter 8 Operations Scheduling Supplement 2 Queuing Theory Chapter 9 Project Scheduling Chapter 10 Facilities Layout and Location Chapter 11 Quality and Assurance Chapter 12 Reliability and Maintainability Appendix Tables Index
Gravitational sampling electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for real-time reaction monitoring.

RATIONALE The elucidation of chemical reaction mechanisms has attracted tremendous interest in recent years. Here, gravitational sampling electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (GS-ESI-MS) is used to explore a simple method for the real-time monitoring of chemical and biochemical reactions. METHODS A sample solution in a stainless steel sample well is directly delivered through a fused-silica capillary due to the forces of gravity, capillary action, and electroosmotic flow (EOF). Analyte ions are continuously generated via electrospray ionization from the capillary tip when a high voltage is applied on the sample well. RESULTS Liquid solutions (<5 μL) of small organic compounds (e.g., crystal violet) and large biomolecules (e.g., reserpine, angiotensin II, and insulin) were directly analyzed via GS-ESI-MS. In addition, the technique was successfully applied to continuously monitor chemical [e.g. chelation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with copper(II), and addition-elimination of aminophenol and acetic anhydride] and biochemical (e.g., unfolding of cytochrome c) reactions in real time, where chelation complexes, reaction intermediates, and protein conformation changes were observed. CONCLUSIONS GS-ESI-MS is a very simple modification of the ESI technique that does not require sample delivery pumps or nebulizer gases. It is particularly suitable for the analysis of liquid samples and the real-time monitoring of inorganic/organic chemical or biochemical reactions.
A Ternary Hybrid EEG-NIRS Brain-Computer Interface for the Classification of Brain Activation Patterns during Mental Arithmetic, Motor Imagery, and Idle State

The performance of a brain-computer interface (BCI) can be enhanced by simultaneously using two or more modalities to record brain activity, which is generally referred to as a hybrid BCI. To date, many BCI researchers have tried to implement a hybrid BCI system by combining electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to improve the overall accuracy of binary classification. However, since hybrid EEG-NIRS BCI, which will be denoted by hBCI in this paper, has not been applied to ternary classification problems, paradigms and classification strategies appropriate for ternary classification using hBCI are not well investigated. Here we propose the use of an hBCI for the classification of three brain activation patterns elicited by mental arithmetic, motor imagery, and idle state, with the aim to elevate the information transfer rate (ITR) of hBCI by increasing the number of classes while minimizing the loss of accuracy. EEG electrodes were placed over the prefrontal cortex and the central cortex, and NIRS optodes were placed only on the forehead. The ternary classification problem was decomposed into three binary classification problems using the “one-versus-one” (OVO) classification strategy to apply the filter-bank common spatial patterns filter to EEG data. A 10 × 10-fold cross validation was performed using shrinkage linear discriminant analysis (sLDA) to evaluate the average classification accuracies for EEG-BCI, NIRS-BCI, and hBCI when the meta-classification method was adopted to enhance classification accuracy. The ternary classification accuracies for EEG-BCI, NIRS-BCI, and hBCI were 76.1 ± 12.8, 64.1 ± 9.7, and 82.2 ± 10.2%, respectively. The classification accuracy of the proposed hBCI was thus significantly higher than those of the other BCIs (p < 0.005). The average ITR for the proposed hBCI was calculated to be 4.70 ± 1.92 bits/minute, which was 34.3% higher than that reported for a previous binary hBCI study.
Hormonal factors and pancreatic cancer risk in women: The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study

The incidence of pancreatic cancer is leveling between sexes. Smoking, high age and heredity are established risk factors, but evidence regarding the influence of hormonal factors is unclear. In this study, we investigated the associations of reproductive factors, use of oral contraceptives (OC) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with pancreatic cancer risk in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, a prospective, population‐based cohort encompassing 17,035 women. Up until 31 December 2015, 110 women were identified with incident pancreatic cancer through the Swedish Cancer Registry. Higher age at menarche was significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk (age‐adjusted [hazard ratio] HR = 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.32, and fully adjusted HR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.04–1.32). Ever use of OC was not significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk but ever use of HRT was significantly associated with a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer (age‐adjusted HR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.23–0.97, and fully adjusted HR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.23–1.00), in particular use of estrogen‐only regimen (age‐adjusted HR = 0.21; 95% CI 0.05–0.87 and fully adjusted HR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.05–0.90). Age at menopause or first childbirth, parity and breastfeeding history were not significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk. Collectively, these findings suggest a protective role of female hormones against pancreatic cancer. Further studies are needed, and potential modifying genetic factors and indirect hazardous effects of smoking should also be considered.
Supplementation of broiler diets with high levels of microbial protease and phytase enables partial replacement of commercial soybean meal with raw, full‐fat soybean

A 3 × 3 + 1 factorial, involving three levels of protease (0, 15,000 or 30,000 PROT/kg) and three levels of phytase (1,000, 2,000 or 3,000 FYT/kg), was used to evaluate the effect of replacing commercial soybean meal (SBM) with raw, full-fat soybean (RFSB) at 75 g/kg of diet for broilers. A control diet was used for comparison. Each treatment was replicated six times, with nine birds per replicate. The concentration of trypsin inhibitors (TIs) in the test diets was approximately 10,193.4 TIU/kg. Regardless of enzyme supplementation, feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) of birds in the control group were superior to those on the test diets. Birds that received the protease-free test diets had reduced FI and BWG, but when supplemented with protease, were similar to the control diet in BWG, FI (except 0-35 days) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). When the test diet was supplemented with elevated levels (extradose) of protease and phytase, the BWG was improved during 0-10 days (p = .05) and 0-24 days (p < .01). Regardless of protease supplementation, the weight of thighs was lower for birds fed the test diets. Birds that received the control diet had smaller weight of pancreas. Increasing the level of phytase supplementation reduced (p < .05) the weight of the pancreas. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and AA was higher in birds on the control diets, but this was also improved in test diets by protease supplementation. The activities of trypsin (7%), general proteolytic (11%) and lipase (12%) were slightly increased because of protease supplementation. Mucosal depth and apparent villus surface areas were increased by about 2.9% and 20%, respectively, due to supplementation of elevated level of phytase. It can be concluded that RFSB could partially replace SBM in broiler diets, provided the diets are supplemented with elevated levels of protease and phytase.
Novel voltage control of 18 level multilevel inverter

This paper presents a three-stage eighteen-level inverter design with a novel control method. The inverter consists of a series connected main high-voltage, medium-voltage and low-voltage stages. The high voltage stage is made of a three-phase, six-switch conventional inverter. The medium and low voltage stages are made of three-level inverters constructed by H-bridge units. The proposed control strategy assumes a reference input voltage vector and aims to operate the inverter in one state per sampling time to produce the nearest vector to that reference. The control concept is based on representing the reference voltage in 60°-spaced two axis coordinate system. In this system, the inverter vectors' dimensions are integer multiples of the inverter's dc voltage and the expression of the inverter's vectors in terms of its switching variables is straightforward. Consequently, the switching signals can be obtained by simple fixed-point calculations. The approach of the proposed control strategy has been presented, the transformed inverter vectors and their relation to the switching variables have been defined, and the implementation process has been described. The test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in terms of computational efficiency as well as the capability of the inverter to produce very low distorted voltage with low switching losses.