Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dwarf Galaxy Population of the Dorado Group Down to MV ≈ −11

We present V and I CCD photometry of suspected low surface brightness dwarf galaxies detected in a survey covering ∼2.4 deg2 around the central region of the Dorado group of galaxies. The low surface brightness galaxies were chosen based on their sizes and magnitudes at the limiting isophote of 26 Vμ. The selected galaxies have magnitudes brighter than V ≈ 20 (MV ≈ -11 for an assumed distance to the group of 17.2 Mpc), with central surface brightnesses μ0 > 22.5 V mag arcsec-2, scale lengths h > 2″, and diameters ≥14″ at the limiting isophote. Using these criteria, we identified 69 dwarf galaxy candidates. Four of them are large very low surface brightness galaxies that were detected on a smoothed image, after masking high surface brightness objects. Monte Carlo simulations performed to estimate completeness, photometric uncertainties and to evaluate our ability to detect extended low surface brightness galaxies show that the completeness fraction is, on average, >80% for dwarf galaxies with -17 < MV < -10.5 and 22.5 < μ0 < 25.5 V mag arcsec-2, for the range of sizes considered by us (D ≥ 14″). The V-I colors of the dwarf candidates vary from -0.3 to 2.3 with a peak on V-I = 0.98, suggesting a range of different stellar populations in these galaxies. The projected surface density of the dwarf galaxies shows a concentration toward the group center similar in extent to that found around five X-ray groups and the elliptical galaxy NGC 1132 studied by Mulchaey & Zabludoff, suggesting that the dwarf galaxies in Dorado are probably physically associated with the overall potential well of the group.
Robust Optical Flow Estimation of Double-Layer Images under Transparency or Reflection

This paper deals with a challenging, frequently encountered, yet not properly investigated problem in two-frame optical flow estimation. That is, the input frames are compounds of two imaging layers - one desired background layer of the scene, and one distracting, possibly moving layer due to transparency or reflection. In this situation, the conventional brightness constancy constraint - the cornerstone of most existing optical flow methods - will no longer be valid. In this paper, we propose a robust solution to this problem. The proposed method performs both optical flow estimation, and image layer separation. It exploits a generalized double-layer brightness consistency constraint connecting these two tasks, and utilizes the priors for both of them. Experiments on both synthetic data and real images have confirmed the efficacy of the proposed method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt towards handling generic optical flow fields of two-frame images containing transparency or reflection.
Understanding and using the implicit association test: I. An improved scoring algorithm.

In reporting Implicit Association Test (IAT) results, researchers have most often used scoring conventions described in the first publication of the IAT (A.G. Greenwald, D.E. McGhee, & J.L.K. Schwartz, 1998). Demonstration IATs available on the Internet have produced large data sets that were used in the current article to evaluate alternative scoring procedures. Candidate new algorithms were examined in terms of their (a) correlations with parallel self-report measures, (b) resistance to an artifact associated with speed of responding, (c) internal consistency, (d) sensitivity to known influences on IAT measures, and (e) resistance to known procedural influences. The best-performing measure incorporates data from the IAT's practice trials, uses a metric that is calibrated by each respondent's latency variability, and includes a latency penalty for errors. This new algorithm strongly outperforms the earlier (conventional) procedure.
ISM MASSES AND THE STAR FORMATION LAW AT Z = 1 TO 6: ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF DUST CONTINUUM IN 145 GALAXIES IN THE COSMOS SURVEY FIELD

ALMA Cycle 2 observations of long-wavelength dust emission in 145 star-forming galaxies are used to probe the evolution of the star-forming interstellar medium (ISM). We also develop a physical basis and empirical calibration (with 72 low-z and z ∼ 2 galaxies) for using the dust continuum as a quantitative probe of ISM masses. The galaxies with the highest star formation rates (SFRs) at ⟨ z ⟩ ? > = 2.2 and 4.4 have gas masses up to 100 times that of the Milky Way and gas mass fractions reaching 50%–80%, i.e., gas masses 1-4× their stellar masses. We find a single high-z star formation law: SFR = 35 M mol 0.89 × ( 1 + z ) z = 2 0.95 × ( sSFR ) MS 0.23 ? > M ⊙ ? > yr−1—an approximately linear dependence on the ISM mass and an increased star formation efficiency per unit gas mass at higher redshift. Galaxies above the main sequence (MS) have larger gas masses but are converting their ISM into stars on a timescale only slightly shorter than those on the MS; thus, these “starbursts” are largely the result of having greatly increased gas masses rather than an increased efficiency of converting gas to stars. At z > 1, the entire population of star-forming galaxies has ∼2–5 times shorter gas depletion times than low-z galaxies. These shorter depletion times indicate a different mode of star formation in the early universe—most likely dynamically driven by compressive, high-dispersion gas motions—a natural consequence of the high gas accretion rates.
HEEGAARD SPLITTINGS OF SUFFICIENTLY COMPLICATED 3-MANIFOLDS I: STABILIZATION

We construct several families of manifolds that have pairs of genus g Heegaard splittings that must be stabilized roughly g times to become equivalent. Given a Heegaard surface H in a 3-manifold, M ,o ne canstabilize to obtain a splitting of higher genus by taking the connected sum of H with the genus one splitting of S 3 . Suppose H1 and H2 are Hee- gaard splittings of M ,w here genus(H1) ≥ genus(H2). It is a classical result of Reidemeister (Rei33) and Singer (Sin33) from 1933 that as long as H1 and H2 induce the same partition of the components of ∂M, stabilizing H1 some number of times produces a stabilization of H2. Just one stabilization was proved to always be sufficient in large classes of 3-manifolds, including Seifert fibered spaces (Sch96), genus two 3-manifolds (RS99), and most graph manifolds (DT06) (see also (Sed97)). The lack of examples to the contrary led to "The Stabiliza- tion Conjecture": Any pair of Heegaard splittings requires at most one stabilization to become equivalent. (See Conjecture 7.4 in (Sch). ) The purpose of this paper is to produce several families of counter- examples to the Stabilization Conjecture. This work was announced in December of 2007 at a Workshop on Triangulations, Heegaard Split- tings, and Hyperbolic Geometry, at the American Institute of Mathe- matics. At the same conference another family of counter-examples to the Stabilization Conjecture was announced by Hass, Thompson, and Thurston, and their preprint has since appeared on the arXiv (HTT). Their proof uses mainly geometric techniques. Several months later Johnson posted a preprint on the arXiv (Johb) containing similar re- sults that was motivated by this work, but is completely combinatorial. The proofs presented here are quite different than either of these. Here we construct three families of counter-examples. These are described by the following theorems:
Estimating job execution time and handling missing job requirements using rough set in grid scheduling

Efficient scheduling of jobs in grid environment is a challenging task. To perform better resource utilization and proper resource allocation, the factor job runtime is essential. Accurate estimation of runtime helps to reserve resources in advance, provide user level QoS. But it is difficult to estimate the runtime of data intensive applications. Users are required to provide the runtime estimate of the job, but the user given estimates are inaccurate leading to poor scheduling. In this paper, we have used rough set techniques to analyse the history of jobs and estimate the runtime of the job. This requires maintaining a history of jobs that have executed along with their respective runtime. Our proposed rough set engine groups similar jobs and identifies the group to which the newly submitted job belongs. Based on this similar group identified, the runtime is estimated. Mostly users are not aware of resources, submitting incomplete job requirements. These missing job requirements affect data analysis. Those missing values should be accurately predicted. Missing value handler designed using rough sets fills the most probable value for missing attributes and then the runtime is estimated.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Negative Affect, Positive Affect, Stress, and Depression

Three groups of subjects, 15 Longer-term Exercisers, 14 Short-term Exercisers, and 18 Nonexercisers completed questionnaires designed to measure negative affect associated with thoughts, negative affect associated with day-to-day experiences, positive affect associated with thoughts, and positive affect associated with day-to-day experiences, depression, and stress. All the subjects also provided a rating of their over-all general stress. The Longer-term Exercisers reported more positive affect associated with their thoughts and day-to-day experiences than the Nonexercisers. There also was a trend for the Longer-term Exercisers to report less over-all stress than the Nonexercisers.
Aggregation and Ordering in Factorised Databases

A common approach to data analysis involves understanding and manipulating succinct representations of data. In earlier work, we put forward a succinct representation system for relational data called factorised databases and reported on the main-memory query engine FDB for select-project-join queries on such databases. In this paper, we extend FDB to support a larger class of practical queries with aggregates and ordering. This requires novel optimisation and evaluation techniques. We show how factorisation coupled with partial aggregation can effectively reduce the number of operations needed for query evaluation. We also show how factorisations of query results can support enumeration of tuples in desired orders as efficiently as listing them from the unfactorised, sorted results. We experimentally observe that FDB can outperform off-the-shelf relational engines by orders of magnitude.
Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Hemoglobin A1c Levels

Background Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia in India. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is used in diabetic patients as an index of glycemic control reflecting glucose levels of the previous 3 months. Like blood sugar levels, HbA1c levels are also affected by the presence of variant hemoglobins, hemolytic anemias, nutritional anemias, uremia, pregnancy, and acute blood loss. However, reports on the effects of iron deficiency anemia on HbA1c levels are inconsistent. We conducted a study to analyze the effects of iron deficiency anemia on HbA1c levels and to assess whether treatment of iron deficiency anemia affects HbA1c levels. Methods Fifty patients confirmed to have iron deficiency anemia were enrolled in this study. HbA1c and absolute HbA1c levels were measured both at baseline and at 2 months after treatment, and these values were compared with those in the control population. Results The mean baseline HbA1c level in anemic patients (4.6%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (5.5%, p<0.05). A significant increase was observed in the patients' absolute HbA1c levels at 2 months after treatment (0.29 g/dL vs. 0.73 g/dL, p<0.01). There was a significant difference between the baseline values of patients and controls (0.29 g/dL vs. 0.74 g/dL, p<0.01). Conclusions In contrast to the observations of previous studies, ours showed that HbA1c levels and absolute HbA1c levels increased with treatment of iron deficiency anemia. This could be attributable to nutritional deficiency and/or certain unknown variables. Further studies are warranted.
Resource allocation for cooperative relaying

The delay-limited capacity of the half-duplex relay channel is analyzed for several cooperative protocols under a long-term average total transmit power constraint. It is assumed that the source and the relay have access to partial channel state information in the form of channel amplitudes. Non- orthogonal amplify-and-forward (NAF), compress-and-forward (CF) and opportunistic decode-and-forward (ODF) protocols are compared with optimal resource allocation, i.e., at each channel state, the source and the relay transmit with the minimum total power allocation required to achieve the target rate. A hybrid opportunistic protocol is proposed in which CF or ODF with optimal resource allocation is chosen at each channel state. Numerical results demonstrate that, while the hybrid protocol offers the best delay-limited capacity, ODF follows the hybrid scheme closely for a wide range of relay locations and average power constraints. We also consider various low complexity protocols such as fixed time allocation and the estimate-and- forward (EF) protocol in order to analyze the trade-off between the system complexity and delay-limited capacity.
Depressive Symptoms, Anatomical Region, and Clinical Outcomes for Patients Seeking Outpatient Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain

Background Clinical guidelines advocate the routine identification of depressive symptoms for patients with pain in the lumbar or cervical spine, but not for other anatomical regions. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and impact of depressive symptoms for patients with musculoskeletal pain across different anatomical regions. Design This was a prospective, associational study. Methods Demographic, clinical, depressive symptom (Symptom Checklist 90–Revised), and outcome data were collected by self-report from a convenience sample of 8,304 patients. Frequency of severe depressive symptoms was assessed by chi-square analysis for demographic and clinical variables. An analysis of variance examined the influence of depressive symptoms and anatomical region on intake pain intensity and functional status. Separate hierarchical multiple regression models by anatomical region examined the influence of depressive symptoms on clinical outcomes. Results Prevalence of severe depression was higher in women, in industrial and pain clinics, and in patients who reported chronic pain or prior surgery. Lower prevalence rates were found in patients older than 65 years and those who had upper- or lower-extremity pain. Depressive symptoms had a moderate to large effect on pain ratings (Cohen d=0.55–0.87) and a small to large effect on functional status (Cohen d=0.28–0.95). In multivariate analysis, depressive symptoms contributed additional variance to pain intensity and functional status for all anatomical locations, except for discharge values for the cervical region. Conclusions Rates of depressive symptoms varied slightly based on anatomical region of musculoskeletal pain. Depressive symptoms had a consistent detrimental influence on outcomes, except on discharge scores for the cervical anatomical region. Expanding screening recommendations for depressive symptoms to include more anatomical regions may be indicated in physical therapy settings.
Coordinated Multichannel MAC Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) provide information and entertainment to drivers for safe and enjoyable driving. Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) is designed for VANETs to provide services efficiently. Since the control messages transmitted in WAVE are broadcast, the probability of collision increases by increasing the number of vehicle nodes. In this paper, we propose a coordinated multichannel medium access control (C-MAC) protocol for VANETs. The proposed C-MAC protocol provides contention-free broadcasting for safety messages by the coordination of roadside units (RSUs). An RSU schedules the broadcasting order of transmissions for safety messages. Contention-free broadcasting lowers the probability of collision and reduces the required time for transmissions of safety messages. An RSU may play the role of harvesting energy wirelessly to coordinated VANET terminals, which are gateways for Internet-of-things devices in the car. The contention interval for service channels is optimized to provide maximum throughput. The proposed C-MAC protocol is shown to enhance throughput and delay via analysis and simulation.
Taming Social Tags: Computational Linguistic Analysis of Tags for Images in Museums

This paper reports on the linguistic analysis of a tag set of nearly 50,000 tags collected as part of the steve.museum project. The tags describe images of objects in museum collections. We present our results on morphological, part of speech and semantic analysis. We demonstrate that deeper tag processing provides valuable information for organizing and categorizing social tags. This promises to improve access to museum objects by leveraging the characteristics of tags and the relationships between them rather than treating them as individual items. At a high level, the paper shows the value of using computational linguistic techniques in interdisciplinary projects with museums and
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dimethylated sulphur compounds in coral explants under acute thermal stress

ABSTRACT Coral bleaching is intensifying with global climate change. Although the causes for these catastrophic events are well understood, the cellular mechanism that triggers bleaching is not well established. Our understanding of coral bleaching processes is hindered by the lack of robust methods for studying interactions between host and symbiont at the single-cell level. Here, we exposed coral explants to acute thermal stress and measured oxidative stress, more specifically, reactive oxygen species (ROS), in individual symbiont cells. Furthermore, we measured concentrations of dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) to elucidate the role of these compounds in coral antioxidant function. This work demonstrates the application of coral explants for investigating coral physiology and biochemistry under thermal stress and delivers a new approach to study host–symbiont interactions at the microscale, allowing us to directly link intracellular ROS with DMSP and DMSO dynamics. Summary: We use coral explants to link intracellular ROS in vivo under thermal stress with dimethylated sulphur compounds (DMSP and DMSO), supporting the involvement of these compounds in oxidative stress regulation.
Comparison of processing and mechanical properties of polypropylene/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/rice husk powder composites modified with silane and acetic anhydride compound

Polypropylene (PP)/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr)/rice husk powder (RHP) composites were fabricated with silane and acetic anhydride (Ac) treatment agent. The in situ formed RHP-filled PP/NBRr composites were prepared by melt mixing technique. The mechanical properties of both the treatment methods were investigated with Instron mechanical analysis and Fourier transform infrared. The results indicated that Ac treatment was found to exhibit better mechanical properties of RHP-filled PP/NBRr composites treated with silane. This was due to good compatibility and stronger interaction between anhydride moieties with PP/NBRr.
Liquid Crystalline Polymer Blends as a Route to Self-Reinforcing Nanocomposites

Blending is a widely used technique for improving the mechanical, rheological, and degradative properties of various polymeric materials. It offers the opportunity to formulate a material with more desirable characteristics than either of the individual components. From industrial perspectives, polymer blends with continuous microstructure exhibit good impact properties when compared with blends exhibiting non-continuous microstructure. In this study the effects of processing parameters on the morphological developments and the mechanical properties of LCP/PET blends were investigated through two techniques: SEM; to examine morphological changes, and tensile testing; to determine the mechanical property dependence of the processing parameters, such as mixing speeds, injection speeds, and melt temperatures. The correlation between structure development during injection molding, and the modulus of injection molded PET/LCP blends were studied. Process parameters such as injection speed and melt temperature were varied to determine the effect of these parameters on the modulus and structure of the blends. The extension of this study to the situation whereby nano sized liquid crystalline domains are formed in the matrix of commercial grade thermoplastics, in a reactive extrusion process, is discussed.
Desmin enters the nucleus of cardiac stem cells and modulates Nkx2.5 expression by participating in transcription factor complexes that interact with the nkx2.5 gene

ABSTRACT The transcription factor Nkx2.5 and the intermediate filament protein desmin are simultaneously expressed in cardiac progenitor cells during commitment of primitive mesoderm to the cardiomyogenic lineage. Up-regulation of Nkx2.5 expression by desmin suggests that desmin may contribute to cardiogenic commitment and myocardial differentiation by directly influencing the transcription of the nkx2.5 gene in cardiac progenitor cells. Here, we demonstrate that desmin activates transcription of nkx2.5 reporter genes, rescues nkx2.5 haploinsufficiency in cardiac progenitor cells, and is responsible for the proper expression of Nkx2.5 in adult cardiac side population stem cells. These effects are consistent with the temporary presence of desmin in the nuclei of differentiating cardiac progenitor cells and its physical interaction with transcription factor complexes bound to the enhancer and promoter elements of the nkx2.5 gene. These findings introduce desmin as a newly discovered and unexpected player in the regulatory network guiding cardiomyogenesis in cardiac stem cells. Summary: These data may be the first evidence for a nuclear function of an intermediate filament protein. In cardiac stem cells, desmin interacts with transcription factor complexes influencing Nkx 2.5 transcription.
Bioglass® coated poly(DL‐lactide) foams for tissue engineering scaffolds

The purpose of this study was to prepare poly(DL‐lactic acid) (PDLLA)/Bioglass® composites of foam‐like structure, to measure the degree of bioactivity of the composites by studying the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) and to test the initial attachment of human osteoblasts within the porous network. It was found that crystalline HA formed on the Bioglass® coated PDLLA foams after 7 days of immersion in SBF. HA formed also on the surfaces of non‐coated PDLLA foams, however the rate and amount of HA formation were much lower than in the composites. The rapid formation of HA on the Bioglass®/PDLLA foam surfaces confirmed the high bioactivity of these materials. Osteoblasts attached within the porous network throughout the depth of the foams. Cell density was found to be higher in the PDLLA/Bioglass® composites compared to the pure PDLLA foams. The composite foams developed here exhibit the required bioactivity to be used as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.