Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calcium Hydroxide Dressing Influences the Obturation of Simulated Lateral Canals.

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of calcium hydroxide dressing on the filling of simulated lateral canals by different obturation techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty single-root-premolars were instrumented. Simulated lateral canals were drilled on each third of the roots. The teeth were divided into four groups: no dressing and obturation by lateral condensation technique (G1), dressing with calcium hydroxide and obturation by lateral condensation technique (G2), no dressing and obturation by hybrid technique (G3) and, dressing with calcium hydroxide and obturation by hybrid technique (G4). The teeth were maintained at 37°C in 100% humidity for 7 days, and obturation techniques were performed. Radiographs were taken and filled or unfilled lateral canals were counted. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test (a = 5%). RESULTS The hybrid technique filled large number of lateral canals as compared to lateral condensation technique, regardless the use of intracanal medication (p < 0.05). Calcium hydroxide decreased the number of lateral canals filled for both lateral and hybrid techniques (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed when comparing the number of filled and unfilled lateral canals in the same root third of each group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Regardless the obturation technique, calcium hydroxide dressing reduced the penetration of filling material in simulated lateral canals. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The persistence of calcium hydroxide residues reduces the penetration of filling material in simulated lateral canals, possibly representing a potential cause of failure in the future.
Optimal subgradient algorithms with application to large-scale linear inverse problems

This study addresses some algorithms for solving structured unconstrained convex optimiza- tion problems using first-order information where the underlying function includes high-dimensional data. The primary aim is to develop an implementable algorithmic framework for solving problems with multi- term composite objective functions involving linear mappings using the optimal subgradient algorithm, OSGA, proposed by Neumaier in [49]. To this end, we propose some prox-functions for which the cor- responding subproblem of OSGA is solved in a closed form. Considering various inverse problems arising in signal and image processing, machine learning, statistics, we report extensive numerical and compar- isons with several state-of-the-art solvers proposing favourably performance of our algorithm. We also compare with the most widely used optimal first-order methods for some smooth and nonsmooth con- vex problems. Surprisingly, when some Nesterov-type optimal methods originally proposed for smooth problems are adapted for solving nonsmooth problems by simply passing a subgradient instead of the gradient, the results of these subgradient-based algorithms are competitive and totally interesting for solving nonsmooth problems. Finally, the OSGA software package is available.
The Role of Child Personality in Effects of Psychologically Controlling Parenting: An Examination at the Level of Daily Fluctuations

Research increasingly demonstrates the detrimental effects of psychologically controlling parenting on children's adjustment. An important and practically relevant question is whether some children are more vulnerable for the effects of psychologically controlling parenting. In the current diary study, we investigated whether daily psychologically controlling parenting relates to children's daily externalizing and internalizing problems and whether these associations depend on child personality. A total of 206 children (M age = 9.93 years; 46.6% female) along with their mothers and fathers (M age = 40.30 and 42.40 years) participated in this multi–informant diary study. All three family members filled out a diary each day for seven days. Multilevel analyses indicated that daily maternal and paternal psychological control were positively related to daily externalizing and internalizing problems, a pattern that was fairly consistent across informants. Out of the 35 interactions tested, only three turned out to be significant. Overall, the limited number of interactions suggests that psychologically controlling parenting is generally detrimental to children's daily functioning. Still, children differ somewhat in their susceptibility to the effect of psychologically controlling parenting. © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology
Mapping Built-up Areas from Multitemporal Interferometric SAR Images - A Segment-based Approach

Automatic mapping of built-up areas from a multitemporal interferometric ERS-1/2 Tandem dataset was studied. The image data were segmented into homogeneous regions, and the regions were classified as built-up areas, forests, and open areas using their mean intensity and coherence values and additional contextual information. Compared with a set of reference points, an overall classification accuracy of 97 percent was achieved. The classification process was highly automatic and resulted in homogeneous regions resembling a map drawn by a human interpreter. The feasibility of the imagery for dividing built-up areas further into subclasses was also investigated. The results suggest that low-rise areas, highrise areas, and industrial areas are difficult to distinguish from each other. On the other hand, a correlation between the building density, the proportion of land covered with buildings, and intensity/coherence in the image data was found. The dataset thus appeared to be promising for classifying built-up areas into subclasses according to building density.
CUBIC DIFFERENTIALS IN THE DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY OF SURFACES

We discuss the local differential geometry of convex affine spheres in $\re^3$ and of minimal Lagrangian surfaces in Hermitian symmetric spaces. In each case, there is a natural metric and cubic differential holomorphic with respect to the induced conformal structure: these data come from the Blaschke metric and Pick form for the affine spheres and from the induced metric and second fundamental form for the minimal Lagrangian surfaces. The local geometry, at least for main cases of interest, induces a natural frame whose structure equations arise from the affine Toda system for $\mathfrak a^{(2)}_2$. We also discuss the global theory and applications to representations of surface groups and to mirror symmetry.
Supporting the Invisible Student: A Case Study of One Institution's Interventions Supporting Degree Attainment for Students from Low-Income Backgrounds.

This study was a case study to explore the interventions being offered at one institution to support students from low-income backgrounds. The institution experienced higher than average graduation rates compared to low-income serving institutions with similar characteristics. The purpose of this study was to discover the institutional interventions that were helpful for the persistence to degree completion for students from low-income backgrounds. The study employed three data collection methods to learn about the interventions. The methods used were individual interviews with professionals who supported students from low-income backgrounds, group interviews with students from low-income backgrounds who earned at least 60 credits, and the review of the relevant documents that pertained to supporting low-income students. The data gathered from this study found that the institution had institutional initiated, professional initiated, and impeding interventions on the persistence to completion for students from low-income backgrounds. The institutional initiated interventions were supported with funding, human resources, or by the documents of the institution. These interventions were directly or indirectly helpful for students from low-income backgrounds and included bridge programs and external alliances, the deconstruction of access and success barriers, emerging persistence and attainment initiatives, a financial aid office oriented for student success, and the targeting of intersecting populations with lower than average graduation rates. The professional initiated interventions were provided by the professionals of the institution, or advocated for by the professionals and obtained some assistance from the institution. These interventions were also helpful for supporting students from low-income backgrounds and included the informal network, optimism for support and success, and the survival initiatives. The impeding interventions were institutional strategies that had the unintentional consequence of causing additional challenges for students. These interventions had an adverse impact on the persistence to completion for students from low-income backgrounds and included a conflict of support for the current and espoused population, the counter initiatives, fiscal and human resources limitations, and an unclear coordination of interventions.
Imperfeito: a broad-coverage study

1. Introduction Imperfeito is an important tense in Portuguese, both because of its frequency and because of its undisputable aspectual import. Several researchers have emphasized different properties of Imperfeito. In this study, I set out to investigate actual uses of Imperfeito in real text, to assess the various proposals. It is my hope that the work presented here can be classified as theoretically informed corpus analysis, benefitting from theoretical insights and quantitative results alike. This paper addresses two different problems: (i) the meaning of Imperfeito in itself, i.e., what could be concluded from the individual analyses that made up the study, and (ii) the problems posed by a feature-based classification method for the semantics of real text. After a brief description of the study in Section 2, I devote Section 3 to the questions of classification, and Section 4 to the linguistic results concerning Imperfeito proper. In Section 5, I discuss the general description of a tense.
Driver aggression: the role of personality, social characteristics, risk and motivation

The report addresses the topic of aggression in driving, with a consideration of a number of subject areas: theories of aggression; the definition of aggressive behaviour in driving; measurements of aggression; extreme forms of driver aggression; less extreme forms of driver aggression. The report's conclusions focus on society's role in aggressive behaviour, strategies for coping with aggression, including driver education and screening, and directions for future research.
A derivation of linear elastic energies from pair-interaction atomistic systems

Pair-interaction atomistic energies may give rise, in the framework of the passage from discrete systems to continuous variational problems, to nonlinear energies with genuinely quasiconvex integrands. This phenomenon takes place even for simple harmonic interactions as shown by an example by Friesecke and Theil [19]. On the other hand, a rigorous derivation of linearly elastic energies from energies with quasiconvex integrands can be obtained by $\Gamma$-convergence following the method by Dal Maso, Negri and Percivale [14]. We show that the derivation of linear theories by $\Gamma$-convergence can be obtained directly from lattice interactions in the regime of small deformations. Our proof relies on a lower bound by comparison with the continuous result, and on a direct Taylor expansion for the upper bound. The computation is carried over for a family of lattice energies comprising interactions on the triangular lattice in dimension two.
Evaluation of Scale Reliability With Binary Measures Using Latent Variable Modeling

A method for interval estimation of scale reliability with discrete data is outlined. The approach is applicable with multi-item instruments consisting of binary measures, and is developed within the latent variable modeling methodology. The procedure is useful for evaluation of consistency of single measures and of sum scores from item sets following the 2-parameter logistic model or the 1-parameter logistic model. An extension of the method is described for constructing confidence intervals of change in reliability due to instrument revision. The proposed procedure is illustrated with an example.
A Systematised Review of Primary School Whole Class Child Obesity Interventions: Effectiveness, Characteristics, and Strategies

Background. A systematised review was conducted to examine the effectiveness of school-based interventions that focus on changing dietary intake and physical activity levels to reduce childhood obesity. Methods. Multiple databases were searched for randomised and nonrandomised interventions from 2007 to 2016 in full-time elementary schools, which were delivered to the whole class, included dietary and physical activity components, involved both sexes, were written in English, and used body mass index (BMI) as an outcome. Results. The database search produced 8,866 titles from which 78 were deemed relevant and assessed for inclusion resulting in 15 studies meeting all inclusion criteria. From these 15 studies, 9 yielded a reduction or stabilisation in BMI or BMI z-score in the entire intervention group and/or subgroups. Programmes lasting between 6 and 12 months that involve multiple environmental, educational, and physical strategies appear to be most likely to result in BMI or BMI z-score improvement. Moderators most likely influencing an improvement in BMI included increased physical activity, decreased sugar sweetened beverages intake, and increased fruit intake. Conclusions. School-based interventions may be an effective means for child obesity prevention. The identification of consistent elements used in school-based interventions that have demonstrated effectiveness may aid in preventing child obesity.
Association between red cell distribution width and the risk of heart events in patients with coronary artery disease

Red cell distribution width (RDW) has been found to be a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD); however, the association between RDW and the risk of heart events in patients with CAD is yet to be fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether an elevated RDW was associated with the Framingham risk score (FRS) in patients with CAD. Data were retrospectively collected from Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Dongyang, China). The patients had undergone a coronary angiography and their clinical data were integrated. The patients (male, 260; female, 132) were divided into two groups based on the results of the coronary angiography, namely the CAD (n=283) and control groups (n=109). The FRS was calculated for all the subjects, and complete blood count testing with biochemical measurements was performed. The mean RDW level was 13.7±1.8% in the CAD group and 13.1±1.0% in the control group, while the mean FRS was 9.0±4.9 in the CAD group and 6.4±3.9 in the control group. The RDW and FRS were significantly higher in the CAD group compared with the control group (P<0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups with regard to the hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, platelets, glucose, urea, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (P>0.05). The RDW was shown to significantly correlate with the red blood cell (RBC) count (r=−0.133, P=0.029), hemoglobin level (r=−0.207, P=0.001) and TG level (r=0.226, P<0.001) within the laboratory parameters, as well as the FRS (r=0.206, P<0.001). In the stepwise multivariate linear regression, which included the RBC count, hemoglobin level, TG level and RDW, the FRS was predicted by hemoglobin (r2=0.034, P=0.001), TG (r2=0.059, P<0.001) and RDW (r2=0.030, P=0.003) parameters. Therefore, a novel association was revealed between higher levels of RDW and an elevated FRS in patients with CAD, which raises the possibility that a simple marker, RDW, may be associated with an increased risk of heart events in CAD patients.
Recurrent jellyfish blooms are a consequence of global oscillations

A perceived recent increase in global jellyfish abundance has been portrayed as a symptom of degraded oceans. This perception is based primarily on a few case studies and anecdotal evidence, but a formal analysis of global temporal trends in jellyfish populations has been missing. Here, we analyze all available long-term datasets on changes in jellyfish abundance across multiple coastal stations, using linear and logistic mixed models and effect-size analysis to show that there is no robust evidence for a global increase in jellyfish. Although there has been a small linear increase in jellyfish since the 1970s, this trend was unsubstantiated by effect-size analysis that showed no difference in the proportion of increasing vs. decreasing jellyfish populations over all time periods examined. Rather, the strongest nonrandom trend indicated jellyfish populations undergo larger, worldwide oscillations with an approximate 20-y periodicity, including a rising phase during the 1990s that contributed to the perception of a global increase in jellyfish abundance. Sustained monitoring is required over the next decade to elucidate with statistical confidence whether the weak increasing linear trend in jellyfish after 1970 is an actual shift in the baseline or part of an oscillation. Irrespective of the nature of increase, given the potential damage posed by jellyfish blooms to fisheries, tourism, and other human industries, our findings foretell recurrent phases of rise and fall in jellyfish populations that society should be prepared to face.
Professional women in higher education management : practices, career strategies and approaches to leadership

The study aims to investigate the problem of the under-representation of women as leaders in Higher Education institutions in three European countries, England, Italy and Sweden. In doing so, it focusses on a group of women and their career experiences in becoming institutional leaders. Specifically, the women in this study are those with a professional career, having started off in an administrative or management role, in HE, in another sector, or in a profession. Their leadership roles include head of administration, academic registrar, and deputy or pro-vice-chancellor. The decision to choose professional women as leaders resulted from gaps of knowledge in the literature but also from my experience as a woman and senior manager in the sector. Methodologically, the study uses Giddens’ interrelated concepts of structure and agency to look at the factors influencing women’s careers. In doing so, it focusses on how these women have used personal agency as a response to structural barriers encountered in their career, and also how they positioned themselves once they became leaders. Empirically, a total of fifteen interviews were conducted in the three countries with accounts thematically analysed. The findings report four categories of practices that women opt for to succeed in career, these being identification, moral duty, super-confidence, and dedication to professional development in the field of practice. Further findings shed light on eight areas of influence where it is more likely to find key factors personally and professionally; these refer to the sector and its institutions, career routes, age and leadership, academic credibility, among others. The conclusions and the original contribution to the field show that women have gained a fair understanding of themselves as players within the sector, while they understand that men are still more likely to rule the most important choices affecting their careers as leaders.
Wider Retinal Artery Trajectories in Eyes with Macular Hole Than in Fellow Eyes of Patients with Unilateral Idiopathic Macular Hole

Purpose To determine whether the width of the retinal artery (RA) trajectory was associated with the presence of a macular hole (MH). Methods A retrospective cross sectional case-control study was performed. The fundus photographs were rotated 90 degrees, and the coordinates of the best fit curve of the RA trajectory were determined automatically based on these plots using the ImageJ program. The converted coordinates were fit to a second degree polynomial (ax2/100 + bx + c) equation. The width and steepness of the RA trajectory, “a”, of the eyes with a MH eye were compared to that of the fellow eyes. Results One hundred and ten eyes of 55 consecutive patients (30 women) with a unilateral MH and healthy fellow eyes were analyzed. The mean age was 64.9 years (range 47-81 years). The constant ‘a’ was significantly smaller in eyes with a MH than that of the fellow eyes (0.379 ± 0.094 vs 0.416 ± 0.121, P = 0.001, paired t test), indicating that the RA trajectory was wider in the MH eyes than in the fellow eyes. There was a significant correlation between the axial length and ‘a’ of the RA trajectory in the MH eyes (R = 0.273, P = 0.044) and in the fellow eyes (R = 0.356, P = 0.008; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient). Conclusions Because eyes with a MH have a significantly wider and flatter RA trajectory, there may be greater traction on the fovea which is located between the RA arches. The causative role of this finding is still unclear.
The Value of Terroir: Hedonic Estimation of Vineyard Sale Prices*

Abstract We examine the value of terroir, which refers to the special characteristics of a place that impart unique qualities to the wine produced. We do this by conducting a hedonic analysis of vineyard sales in the Willamette Valley of Oregon to ascertain whether site attributes, such as slope, aspect, elevation, and soil types, or designated appellations are more important determinants of price. We find that prices are strongly determined by sub-AVA appellation designations, but not by specific site attributes. These results indicate that the concept of terroir matters economically, although the reality of terroir – as proxied for by locational attributes – is not significant. (JEL Classification: C2, Q11)
chrF: character n-gram F-score for automatic MT evaluation

We propose the use of character n-gram F-score for automatic evaluation of machine translation output. Character ngrams have already been used as a part of more complex metrics, but their individual potential has not been investigated yet. We report system-level correlations with human rankings for 6-gram F1-score (CHRF) on the WMT12, WMT13 and WMT14 data as well as segment-level correlation for 6gram F1 (CHRF) and F3-scores (CHRF3) on WMT14 data for all available target languages. The results are very promising, especially for the CHRF3 score – for translation from English, this variant showed the highest segment-level correlations outperforming even the best metrics on the WMT14 shared evaluation task.