Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glucose metabolism and the response to insulin by human adipose tissue in spontaneous and experimental obesity. Effects of dietary composition and adipose cell size.

[1-(14)C]glucose oxidation to CO(2) and conversion into glyceride by adipose tissue from nonobese and obese subjects has been studied in vitro in the presence of varying medium glucose and insulin concentrations as functions of adipose cell size, the composition of the diet, and antecedent weight gain or loss. Increasing medium glucose concentrations enhance the incorporation of glucose carbons by human adipose tissue into CO(2) and glyceride-glycerol. Insulin further stimulates the conversion of glucose carbons into CO(2), but not into glyceride-glycerol. Incorporation of [1-(14)C]glucose into glyceride-fatty acids by these tissues could not be demonstrated under any of the conditions tested. Both adipose cell size and dietary composition influence the in vitro metabolism of glucose in, and the response to insulin by, human adipose tissue. During periods of ingestion of weight-maintenance isocaloric diets of similar carbohydrate, fat, and protein composition, increasing adipose cell size is associated with (a) unchanging rates of glucose oxidation and increasing rates of glucose carbon incorporation into glyceride-glycerol in the absence of insulin, but (b) decreasing stimulation of glucose oxidation by insulin. On the other hand, when cell size is kept constant, increasing dietary carbohydrate intake is associated with an increased basal rate of glucose metabolism and response to insulin by both small and large adipose cells. Thus, the rate of glucose oxidation and the magnitude of the insulin response of large adipose cells from individuals ingesting a high carbohydrate diet may be similar to or greater than that in smaller cells from individuals ingesting an isocaloric lower carbohydrate diet.The alterations in basal glucose metabolism and insulin response observed in adipose tissue from patients with spontaneous obesity are reproduced by weight gain induced experimentally in nonobese volunteers; these metabolic changes are reversible with weight loss. The relationships among adipose cell size, dietary composition, and the metabolism of adipose tissue are similar in spontaneous and in experimental obesity.
The origins and conceptualizations of ‘triple-loop’ learning: A critical review

In the organizational learning literature a variety of concepts exists denoting some third order of organizational learning, notably that of ‘triple-loop’ learning. Despite this there has been no systematic, critical consideration of this concept or its origins, impeding both theoretical development and empirical research. Whilst ‘triple-loop learning’ has been inspired by Argyris and Schön, we establish that the term does not arise in their published work. Indeed, we argue that conceptualizations of triple-loop learning are diverse, often have little theoretical rooting, are sometimes driven by normative considerations, and lack support from empirical research. We map the major influences on these conceptualizations, including Bateson’s framework of levels of learning, and offer an original theoretical contribution that distinguishes between three conceptualizations of ‘triple-loop learning’. We also highlight implications for practice, and caution against the uncritical preference for ‘higher levels’ of learning that is sometimes discernible in the literature and in practice.
Downsizing and alcohol use: A cross-lagged longitudinal examination of the spillover hypothesis

Abstract An area of concern for investigators and practitioners is the possible linkage between stressful workplace events and alcohol use and abuse; however, work in this area, specifically testing a “spillover hypothesis,” offers inconclusive evidence of a relationship between many work-based stressors and alcohol use. Using a three-wave panel sample (N=455) from a large US industrial firm that has undergone numerous downsizing events in the last decade, four alternative causal hypotheses using fully cross-lagged three-wave mediational latent factor models were compared via structural equation modelling. Separate models were analysed for layoff experience and job security perceptions; a motivational factor, escape reasons for drinking, was included in each model. We found large autoregressive effects for problem alcohol use in the stability models. One reason for weak support for spillover models may be that problem alcohol use is more stable over time than previously theorized. All alternative causal models fit the data well; however, the only model comparisons showing significant improvement over the stability models were those including reverse paths. Reverse causal models should be explicitly considered when examining the link between alcohol problems and the workplace. We suggest that, for some workers, problematic alcohol use may be antecedent to, rather than a consequence of, stressful workplace experiences.
Expectations of Achievement

M (1948) proposed the self-fulfi lling prophecy over half a century ago and twenty years later this concept was applied to teachers (Rosenthal and Jacobson, 1968). The proposition was that when teachers expected their students to do well they interacted with them in ways that led to their expectations being fulfi lled. Since then the research has consistently explored teacher expectations; expectations of signifi cant others for student outcomes have been largely ignored. For example, while teachers clearly hold expectations for students, students will have self-expectations and parents will also have expectations for their children. Furthermore, parents, students and teachers will have expectations of each other. Yet these various perceptions have been little explored, and where they have, at most, expectations of two parties have been included (see Benner and Mistry, 2007, for a recent example). The primary aim of the current research was to explore expectations students, teachers and parents have for one another. An extensive literature search has not located any other studies that have explored these various perspectives in one study.
5G: A Tutorial Overview of Standards, Trials, Challenges, Deployment, and Practice

There is considerable pressure to define the key requirements of 5G, develop 5G standards, and perform technology trials as quickly as possible. Normally, these activities are best done in series but there is a desire to complete these tasks in parallel so that commercial deployments of 5G can begin by 2020. 5G will not be an incremental improvement over its predecessors; it aims to be a revolutionary leap forward in terms of data rates, latency, massive connectivity, network reliability, and energy efficiency. These capabilities are targeted at realizing high-speed connectivity, the Internet of Things, augmented virtual reality, the tactile internet, and so on. The requirements of 5G are expected to be met by new spectrum in the microwave bands (3.3–4.2 GHz), and utilizing large bandwidths available in mm-wave bands, increasing spatial degrees of freedom via large antenna arrays and 3-D MIMO, network densification, and new waveforms that provide scalability and flexibility to meet the varying demands of 5G services. Unlike the one size fits all 4G core networks, the 5G core network must be flexible and adaptable and is expected to simultaneously provide optimized support for the diverse 5G use case categories. In this paper, we provide an overview of 5G research, standardization trials, and deployment challenges. Due to the enormous scope of 5G systems, it is necessary to provide some direction in a tutorial article, and in this overview, the focus is largely user centric, rather than device centric. In addition to surveying the state of play in the area, we identify leading technologies, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses, and outline the key challenges ahead, with research test beds delivering promising performance but pre-commercial trials lagging behind the desired 5G targets.
CD 4 + CD 25 + T Cells in Skin Lesions of Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Exhibit Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics of Natural Regulatory T Cells

Ana P. Campanelli, Ana M. Roselino, Karen A. Cavassani, Marcelo S. F. Pereira, Renato A. Mortara, Claudia I. Brodskyn, Heitor S. Gonçalves, Yasmine Belkaid, Manoel Barral-Netto, Aldina Barral, and João S. Silva Department of Biochemistry and Immunology and Division of Dermatology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, and Gonçalo Moniz Research Institute and Institute of Investigation in Immunology, Salvador, Bahia, and Center for Dermatology Dona Libânia, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Mucosal Immunology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Green radio: radio techniques to enable energy-efficient wireless networks

Recent analysis by manufacturers and network operators has shown that current wireless networks are not very energy efficient, particularly the base stations by which terminals access services from the network. In response to this observation the Mobile Virtual Centre of Excellence (VCE) Green Radio project was established in 2009 to establish how significant energy savings may be obtained in future wireless systems. This article discusses the technical background to the project and discusses models of current energy consumption in base station devices. It also describes some of the most promising research directions in reducing the energy consumption of future base stations.
Altered Levels of CC Chemokines During Pulmonary CMV Predict BOS and Mortality Post‐Lung Transplantation

Pulmonary CMV infection (CMVI) and disease (CMVD) is associated with reduced long‐term survival post‐lung transplantation, however, the specific biologic mechanisms remain unclear. We have demonstrated a role of CC chemokines during lung allograft dysfunction. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that pulmonary CMV upregulates the expression of multiple CC chemokines that leads to allograft dysfunction and decreased long‐term survival.
Kronecker product correlation model and limited feedback codebook design in a 3D channel model

A 2D antenna array introduces a new level of control and additional degrees of freedom in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems particularly for the so-called “massive MIMO” systems. To accurately assess the performance gains of these large arrays, existing azimuth-only channel models have been extended to handle 3D channels by modeling both the elevation and azimuth dimensions. In this paper, we study the channel correlation matrix of a generic ray-based 3D channel model, and our analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the 3D correlation matrix can be well approximated by a Kronecker production of azimuth and elevation correlations. This finding lays the theoretical support for the usage of a product codebook for reduced complexity feedback from the receiver to the transmitter. We also present the design of a product codebook based on Grassmannian line packing.
Improving the Legal Aspects of Police Interviewing of Suspects

The purpose of this paper is to provide some guidance to police interviewers and trainers in relation to improving the legal aspects of police questioning of suspects. The paper is written with reference to Victorian legislation. Sixteen professionals (defence barristers, academics, prosecutors, and detectives), all with extensive knowledge of the law and experience evaluating police interviews with suspects, took part in individual in-depth interviews (M = 100 minutes). The aim of the interviews was to discuss the limitations of police interviews with suspects and to provide exemplars of concerns from a set of de-identified transcripts that had been provided to the professionals prior to their interviews with us. Overall, four key limitations were raised: (a) inadequate particularisation of offences, (b) inappropriate phrasing of questions, (c) poor introduction of allegations, and (d) questions that unfairly ask the suspect to comment on the victim's perspective. These concerns and their practical implications are discussed.
You’ve Got (No) Mail: How Parties and Candidates Respond to E-mail Inquiries in Western Democracies

ABSTRACT Although e-mail is one of the most popular components of users’ experiences of the Internet, its use by political actors in campaigns has rarely been studied. In this article, I explore political actors’ responsiveness to e-mails coming from citizens through a large-scale, longitudinal study of 194 parties and candidates in Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States between 2007 and 2013. In order to assess political actors’ e-mail responsiveness, two fictitious e-mails were sent to each of them: one requesting issue information, the other pledging to be willing to volunteer. Results show that most parties and candidates fail to respond to both types of e-mails, and that progressive parties tend to respond more than conservative ones.
Mapping transformations in educational subjectivities: working within and against discourse

Issues related to gender equity in education have a slippery quality to them. They take shape in unpredictible ways and elude the scrutiny that less taken-for-granted concepts are placed under. As a result certain questions and issues are taken to be legitimate while others are marginalized. For example, issues related to boys' education are now valorized while persistent and well-documented concerns about some groups of girls are sidelined. In this paper, I treat gender in education as a discourse that constitutes certain effects and I use maps as metaphors to illustrate this conceptualization. Just as maps open up certain terrains while remaining silent about others, I explore the terrain opened up by gender discourses in recent years. This involves tracing what may be said about who is disadvantaged in educational discourses and what questions may be asked about the 'nature' of their disadvantage. My purpose is to identify strategic points of intervention, or tactics, by which these discourses may be destabilized, challenged and transformed.
A Study of the Value and Impact of B2B E-Commerce: The Case of Web-Based Procurement

Web-enabled business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce enhances interorganizational coordination, resulting in transaction cost savings and competitive sourcing opportunities for the buyer organization. However, organizations are uncertain whether this is an improvement over existing information technology, such as EDI. In particular, what is the value of B2B e-commerce to a buyer organization, and how can it be measured? What factors most affect the realization of the value of B2B e-commerce? Using the case of Web-based B2B procurement systems, a framework is proposed to quantify and measure the value of B2B e-commerce systems and identify the factors that determine it. The methodology is applied to help a major heavy-equipment manufacturer located in the midwestern United States evaluate the potential of its Web-based procurement system. The preliminary results indicate that, even though all stages of B2B procurement are affected by the Web, the value of Web-based procurement is most determined by the process characteristics, organization of business units, and the "extended enterprise. "
Maximizing Wiener index of graphs with fixed maximum degree

The Wiener index of a graph is the sum of all pairwise distances of vertices of the graph. Fischermann et al [5] characterized the trees which minimize the Wiener index among all trees with the maximum degree at most Δ. They also determined the trees which maximize the Wiener index, but in a much more restricted family of trees which have two distinct vertex degrees only. In this note, we fully solve the latter problem and determine the trees which maximize the Wiener index among all graphs with the maximum degree Δ. We also determine all graphs whose Wiener index differs by less than n − Δf rom the maximum value.
Health care workers’ perspectives about disclosure to HIV-infected children; cross-sectional survey of health facilities in Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces, South Africa

The perspectives and practices of health care workers (HCWs) regarding disclosure to HIV-infected children have not been adequately investigated ten years after the roll-out of pediatrics antiretroviral therapy (ART). The aim of the study was to examine the opinions of HCWs about disclosure to HIV-infected children and determine their role in disclosure to children accessing ART in health centers in South Africa. This was a cross-sectional survey using a semi-structured questionnaire among HCWs in ART centers at three hospitals and 48 primary health facilities in two provinces in South Africa. Of the 206 HCWs, 140 (68.2%) were nurses, 44 (21.5%) were lay counsellors, and 4 (2%) were doctors. The majority (n = 183, 89.3%) felt that disclosure benefits children and they should be told about their HIV status. Over half (n = 93, 51.4%) recommended 11–18 years as the appropriate age to disclose. Half (n = 99, 48.5%) said that caregivers should take the lead to disclose, 87 (42.7%) said that disclosure is a shared responsibility of caregivers and HCWs, and 18 (8.8%) said HCWs should lead disclosure. HCWs perceived their role as that of preparing the caregiver for disclosure and the child to understand the disease. However, the lack of guidelines and training on disclosure counselling for children affects their ability to fully participate in disclosure to children. There is a need to adopt the World Health Organizations’ disclosure guidelines for children and adapt them to the local cultural and community contexts and train HCWs to guide, support, and assist caregivers in their disclosure to HIV-infected children.
Predictors of English spelling in bilingual and monolingual children in Grade 1: the case of Cantonese and Tagalog

In order to examine the effect of the home language on the spelling development in English in children who are learning English as a second language (ESL learners), it is best to directly compare groups of ESL learners from various home language backgrounds. This study compared the oral language, phonological awareness, reading, and spelling performance of Tagalog–English bilingual, Cantonese–English bilingual, and monolingual English-speaking children in Grade 1. The bilingual children had lower scores than the monolinguals on measures of oral proficiency, but demonstrated similar or better performance on most phonological awareness, reading, and spelling tasks after controlling for vocabulary size in English. A series of moderated regression analysis revealed that although phonological awareness was associated with English spelling performance regardless of language background, the associations between specific spelling tasks and related underlying skills seemed to differ across language groups.
Stroke: a realistic approach to a growing problem in sub‐Saharan Africa is urgently needed

Stroke is an increasing problem in sub‐Saharan Africa, even in children. High rates of hypertension, diabetes, alcohol abuse, smoking, insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption, sickle cell disease, HIV infection, antiretroviral use and race are likely contributing factors. Although often considered as related to increasing wealth, stroke is more strongly related to poverty, and in turn increases it. Case‐fatality rates are high and premature death and years of life lost are a major problem. We propose an approach to stroke prevention and treatment that takes into account the real situation on the ground and can be applied in sub‐Saharan Africa, an area where stroke units are largely not feasible and many patients do not reach hospitals. Involvement of community and faith‐based organisations, use of simple diagnostic tests, emphasis on clinical examination to differentiate between haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke, prompt initiation of aspirin therapy and training of community nurses on essential management of stroke should be urgently implemented.
The impact of election outcome on the display of political posters: a field study during communal elections in Flanders

The present field study was designed to test the relationship between the election outcomes of political parties and the post-election display of posters in favor of those parties. Two days before the Flemish communal elections on 8 October 2000, addresses of private houses in the community of Zele were registered that displayed at least one poster in support of a political party (N = 388). On the day after the elections, two observers checked whether the registered houses still displayed their poster(s). A strongly and positively linear relation was found between the proportional win/loss of each political party (compared with the previous elections) and the percentage of houses that continued to exhibit poster(s) in support of that party: The better the election result, the higher the proportion of houses that still displayed their poster(s).
Serum hsCRP: A Novel Marker for Prediction of Cerebrovascular Accidents (Stroke).

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Strokes are caused by disruption of the blood supply to the brain. This may result from either blockage or rupture of a blood vessel. Yearly 15 million people worldwide suffer a stroke. India ranks second worldwide in terms of deaths from stroke. The incidence of stroke increases with age affecting the economically productive middle aged population. Hypertension and male sex are other risk factors for stroke. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein whose concentration rises in blood following inflammation. Formerly, assays for CRP detected its rise only after significant inflammation. However, recently developed high sensitivity assays (hsCRP) enable the measurement of CRP in individuals who are apparently healthy. Several studies indicate that hsCRP is elevated in individuals who are at risk of developing Coronary Artery Disease or Cerebrovascular events, the elevation may be found years before the first detection of vascular problems. In the absence of other biochemical markers, the present study aimed to evaluate the predictive and diagnostic role of hsCRP in stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study consisted of 50 patients of acute stroke admitted in Gauhati Medical College and Hospital. The control population consisted of two groups - 50 age and sex matched controls with hypertension (Hypertensive control group) and 50 age and sex matched controls with no obvious disease constituted the Normal control group. hsCRP levels were measured in all the groups and compared statistically. CONCLUSION hsCRP is an acute phase reactant whose concentration rises in stroke as well as in those at risk. The rise may be identified even before the appearance of risk factors. Hence, hsCRP may be useful as a predictive and diagnostic marker in stroke.
The downside of feeling better: Self-regard repair harms performance

While threats to self-regard are unpleasant and aversive, such threats can also be motivating, leading people to change their views of themselves, and their behavior. The current studies show that when individuals experience a threat to self-regard through upward social comparison, learning about an opportunity to demonstrate competency can be affirming, leading to restored self-regard. However, self-regard is repaired only when the new task is in a domain different from the threatened domain (Study 1), and only when that new task is diagnostic of an important ability (Study 2). Study 3 examines the behavioral outcomes associated with threat, demonstrating the positive impact of threat on performance on these new tasks; ironically, when threat—the motivating force behind improved performance—is reduced, performance suffers.