Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brutsaert ( 1987 ) derived a modified Boussinesq equation to account for the capillary effect on water table dynamics in unconfined aquifers

[1] Parlange and Brutsaert (1987) derived a modified Boussinesq equation to account for the capillary effect on water table dynamics in unconfined aquifers. Barry et al. (1996) solved this equation subject to a periodic boundary condition. Their solution shows significant influence of capillarity on water table fluctuations, which evolve to finiteamplitude standing waves at the high frequency limit. Here we propose a new governing equation for the water table, which considers both horizontal and vertical flows in an unsaturated zone of finite thickness. An approximate analytical solution for periodic water table fluctuations based on the new equation was derived. In agreement with previous results, the analytical solution shows that the unsaturated zone’s storage capacity permits water table fluctuations to propagate more readily than predicted by the Boussinesq equation. Furthermore, the new solution reveals a capping effect of the unsaturated zone on both the amplitude and phase of the water table fluctuations as well as the water table overheight. Due to the finite thickness of the unsaturated zone, the capillary effect on water table fluctuations is modified mainly with reduced amplitude damping and phase shift.
A qualitative exploration of mental health professionals' experience of working with survivors of trauma in Sri Lanka

This study explored the struggles and rewards of trauma work and the notion that individuals are changed in some way by the work they do with survivors of traumatic events. Interpretative phenomenological analysis of interviews with 12 mental health professionals working in Sri Lanka has shown these changes to have both an accumulated negative emotional impact but also to simultaneously contain positive, growth-promoting and personally satisfying aspects. There is a bias prevalent in the trauma literature towards focusing on the many negative aspects of the impact of working with survivors of trauma or surveying the moderating factors for managing secondary trauma. The present research, instead, uses the paradigm of adversarial growth to demonstrate that when mental health professionals rebuild their assumptive world in light of their experiences of working with survivors of trauma there are valuable opportunities for personal, and by implication, professional growth. This study is of a qualitative nature and explores phenomenologically grounded knowledge seeking to gain an understanding of the lived experiences reported by mental health professionals working with survivors of trauma and the subjective and collective meanings that shape these experiences.
From prison into the community : the impact of release planning on sexual recidivism for child molesters.

Research on the factors underlying sex offender recidivism has not considered the importance of the reintegration process through which the offender rejoins the community after prison. This thesis reports findings from 3 empirical studies designed to explore whether poor release planning might contribute to sex offender recidivism. In Study 1, a coding protocol was developed to measure the comprehensiveness of release planning for child molesters, which included items relating to accommodation, employment, pro-social support, community-based treatment, and Good Lives Model (T. Ward & C.A. Stewart, 2003) secondary goods. The protocol was retrospectively applied to groups of recidivist and nonrecidivist graduates of a prison-based treatment programme, who were matched on static risk level and time since release. As predicted, overall release planning was significantly poorer for recidivists compared to nonrecidivists. Study 2 was a validation and extension of Study 1. The original coding protocol, and some revised items, were applied to matched groups of recidivists and nonrecidivists from a different treatment programme. Consistent with Study 1 findings, overall release planning was significantly poorer for recidivists. Data from Studies 1 and 2 were pooled (total N = 141) and Cox regressions showed that accommodation, employment, and social support planning combined to best predict recidivism, with predictive accuracy comparable to that obtained using static risk models. Study 3 investigated whether release planning was associated with actual reintegration experiences, and additionally explored released child molesters’ good lives plans. Release plans were rated for 16 child molesters, who were interviewed post-release about their reintegration experiences and good lives plans. As predicted, significant positive correlations were found between release planning and reintegration experiences 1 and Community Reintegration and Sex Offender Recidivism xv 3 months following prison release, and results suggested that effective reintegration might help facilitate living a good life. Overall, results from the 3 studies suggest that poor release planning and subsequent reintegration experiences contribute to sex offender recidivism. Implications for researchers, clinicians, policy makers, and community members are discussed. Community Reintegration and Sex Offender Recidivism
The Moral Trial: Economists and the Socratic Problem

Most people believe economists are more selfish than noneconomists. The reasons for such belief and for the related moral condemnation of economists remain confused. Both charges and evidence are insufficient to support substantial judgements. Further elaboration would be welcome before drawing implications from the current charge (i.e. economists are more selfish than noneconomists), further investigations into the causes of this phenomenon (self- selection or training) are required for blaming economists and suggesting corrections, and further evidence needs be gathered to sustain the charges. Alternative explanations (beyond selfselection and training) are also suggested, which might lead to different implications, charges, and corrections.
The influence of commercial intent of search results on their perceived relevance

We carried out a retrieval effectiveness test on the three major web search engines (i.e., Google, Microsoft and Yahoo). In addition to relevance judgments, we classified the results according to their commercial intent and whether or not they carried any advertising. We found that all search engines provide a large number of results with a commercial intent. Google provides significantly more commercial results than the other search engines do. However, the commercial intent of a result did not influence jurors in their relevance judgments.
Conjugacy Systems Based on Nonabelian Factorization Problems and Their Applications in Cryptography

To resist known quantum algorithm attacks, several nonabelian algebraic structures mounted upon the stage of modern cryptography. Recently, Baba et al. proposed an important analogy from the integer factorization problem to the factorization problem over nonabelian groups. In this paper, we propose several conjugated problems related to the factorization problem over nonabelian groups and then present three constructions of cryptographic primitives based on these newly introduced conjugacy systems: encryption, signature, and signcryption. Sample implementations of our proposal as well as the related performance analysis are also presented.
EFFECT OF FIBRE LEVEL AND FIBRE SOURCE ON NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS EXCRETION , AND HYDROGEN SULPHIDE , AMMONIA AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM PIG SLURRY

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different fibre levels and fibre sources in the pig diet on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) excretions, and ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from slurry. A total of 24 pigs with the initial body weight (BW) around 24 ± 0,25 kg were kept individually in concrete floored pens (1.8 m x 0.8 m) in an open-sided house. The experiment was structured according to a completely randomized 2 x 2 factorial design, with two fibre sources [tofu residue (TFR) and coconut cake (CC)] and two fibre levels [low fibre (LF) and high fibre (HF)]. Each treatment consisted of 6 pens, with one pig per pen as a replicate. Results show that, in growing period, pigs fed LF diet had higher slurry pH and lower N excretion than those in pigs fed HF diet (P > 0.05). Fibre source and fibre level had no effects on the slurry characteristics and the excretion of slurry DM and P (P > 0.05). The CH4 emission was higher for the diet CC than for the diet TFR (P > 0.05). Increased dietary fibre level resulted in increased the CH4 and CO2 emission, and decreased NH3 emission (P > 0.05). In fattening period, slurry chemical characteristics, N and P excretion were not effected by fibre source and fibre level (P > 0.05). Pigs fed diet TFR had greater the NH3 emission from slurry than those in pigs fed diet CC (P > 0.05). The H2S and CO2 emissions were not affected by fibre level (P > 0.05). Pigs fed HF diet showed higher CH4 emission than those pigs fed LF diet, while NH3 emission was significantly higher in LF than that in HF diet (P > 0.05).
Interaction of JAK with steroid receptor function

The function of steroid receptors is not only regulated by steroid hormones, but also by multiple cellular signaling cascades activated by membrane-bound receptors which are stimulated by growth factors or cytokines. Cross-talk between JAK and steroid receptors plays a central role in the regulation of a multitude of physiological processes and aberrant signaling is involved in the development of numerous diseases including cancer. In this review we provide a brief summary of the knowledge of interactions between JAK and the function of steroid receptors in normal cells and tissues and in diseases.
High-Order Stochastic Gradient Thermostats for Bayesian Learning of Deep Models

Learning in deep models using Bayesian methods has generated significant attention recently. This is largely because of the feasibility of modern Bayesian methods to yield scalable learning and inference, while maintaining a measure of uncertainty in the model parameters. Stochastic gradient MCMC algorithms (SG-MCMC) are a family of diffusion-based sampling methods for large-scale Bayesian learning. In SG-MCMC, multivariate stochastic gradient thermostats (mSGNHT) augment each parameter of interest, with a momentum and a thermostat variable to maintain stationary distributions as target posterior distributions. As the number of variables in a continuous-time diffusion increases, its numerical approximation error becomes a practical bottleneck, so better use of a numerical integrator is desirable. To this end, we propose use of an efficient symmetric splitting integrator in mSGNHT, instead of the traditional Euler integrator. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme is more accurate, robust, and converges faster. These properties are demonstrated to be desirable in Bayesian deep learning. Extensive experiments on two canonical models and their deep extensions demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves general Bayesian posterior sampling, particularly for deep models.
Impulsive Effects and Stability Analysis on Memristive Neural Networks With Variable Delays

In this brief, hybrid impulsive and adaptive feedback controllers are simultaneously exerted on a general delayed memristive neural network (MNN) model to formulate a novel impulsive controlled MNN (IMNN) model with variable delays. By means of Lyapunov–Razumikhin technique and other analytical ways, several new stability criteria of the proposed IMNN model are obtained. In addition, by choosing appropriate impulses and external inputs, the convergence speed of IMNN can be increased, which implies that its dynamic behaviors will be optimized. Finally, the effectiveness of the obtained results is illustrated by one numerical example.
Young Children's Differentiation of Hypothetical Beliefs from Evidence.

The claim that preadolescent children fail to differentiate between hypothetical beliefs and evidence is investigated in 2 studies. First-and second-grade children were presented with 2 conflicting hypotheses and asked to choose an empirical test to decide between them. In Study 1, the majority of first graders and almost all second graders correctly chose a conclusive test. They elaborated the logic of such a test and distinguished it from an inconclusive test. There was no evidence that children of this age misinterpret the task of hypothesis testing as one of generating a desirable effect. Study 2 replicated and extended these findings; in a task that posed a genuine scientific problem, first and second graders spontaneously generated empirical procedures for gathering indirect evidence to decide between alternative hypotheses. Our results indicate that young elementary school children distinguish between the notions of “hypothetical belief” and “evidence. ” These findings are discussed in light of their failure on other scientific thinking tasks.
Association of Nicotine Metabolism and Sex With Relapse Following Varenicline and Nicotine Replacement Therapy

Nicotine is metabolized into cotinine and then into trans-3′-hydroxycotinine, mainly by cytochrome P450 2A6. Recent studies reported better effectiveness of varenicline in women and in nicotine normal metabolizers phenotypically determined by nicotine-metabolite ratio. Our objective was to study the influence of nicotine-metabolite ratio, CYP2A6 genotype and sex on the response to nicotine replacement therapy and varenicline. Data were extracted from a longitudinal study which included smokers participating in a smoking cessation program. Response to treatment was defined by the absence of relapse when a set threshold of reduction in cigarettes per day relative to the week before the study was no more reached. The analysis considered total and partial reduction defined by a diminution of 100% and of 90% in cigarettes per day, respectively. The hazard ratio of relapsing was estimated in multivariate Cox regression models including the sex and the nicotine metabolism determined by the phenotype or by CYP2A6 genotyping (rs1801272 and rs28399433). In the normal metabolizers determined by phenotyping and in women, the hazard ratio for relapsing was significantly lower with varenicline for a partial decrease (HR = 0.33, 95% CI [0.12, 0.89] and HR = 0.20, 95% CI [0.04, 0.91], respectively) and nonsignificantly lower for a total cessation (HR = 0.45, 95% CI [0.20, 1.0] and HR = 0.38, 95% CI [0.14, 1.0]). When compared with the normal metabolizers determined by phenotyping, the hazard ratio for a partial decrease was similar in the normal metabolizers determined by genotyping (HR = 0.42, 95% CI [0.18, 0.94]) while it was significantly lower with varenicline for a total cessation (HR = 0.50, 95% CI [0.26, 0.98]). Women and normal nicotine metabolizers may benefit more from varenicline over nicotine replacement therapy.
Coexistence of two prothrombotic mutations, factor V 1691 G-A and prothrombin gene 20210 G-A, and the risk of cerebral infarct in pediatric patients.

Several studies have evaluated the effect of the factor V (FV) 1691 G-A mutation and prothrombin (PT) 20210 G-A in patients with cerebrovascu- lar disease, particularly in patients over the age of 18, but the results are controversial (1± 3). To date, no study has evaluated the effect of these two prothrombotic mutations in pediatric patients with cerebral infarct. Thirty-twopediatriccerebralinfarctpatientsdiagnosedanddocumented with neurologic examination, laboratory examinations for the etiology of in- farct, and MRI (14 males and 18 females, ages 2 months± 13 years) were included in the study. None of the patients had any etiologic factor for cere- bral infarct, such as collagen tissue disorder, isolated angiitis, possible in- fection, congenital heart disease, sickle cell syndrome, or other inherited coagulation disorders and mitochondrial diseases. DNA was extracted by conventional methods and the mutation analysis was performed according to previously reported techniques (4± 7). Our study revealed that 9 (28.1%) ofthe patients carriedFV1691 A and7 (21.8%) of thepatientscarriedthe PT 20210 A mutation in the heterozygous state. When compared to the normal healthy population the difference was statistically important for both muta- tions respectively (p < .04; p < .0007) ((FV 1691A OR: 2.6 CI 95% 0.9± 6.3); PT 20210A OR:8.2 (CI 95% 2.5± 27.6)). Further, 2 of these patients carried both mutations (6.2%) (OR: 11.8 (CI 95% 1.0± 134.0)) (Table 1). The frequency of FV (1691 G-A) and PT (20210 G-A) mutations is 10.4 and 2.7%, respectively, in the Turkish population (6± 8). Approximately one inevery400healthyindividualsmaycarrybothmutations.Ourdataindicated that FV 1691 A and PT20210 A mutations are important risk factors for the
The Arabidopsis aba4-1 Mutant Reveals a Specific Function for Neoxanthin in Protection against Photooxidative Stress[W]

The aba4-1 mutant completely lacks neoxanthin but retains all other xanthophyll species. The missing neoxanthin in light-harvesting complex (Lhc) proteins is compensated for by higher levels of violaxanthin, albeit with lower capacity for photoprotection compared with proteins with wild-type levels of neoxanthin. Detached leaves of aba4-1 were more sensitive to oxidative stress than the wild type when exposed to high light and incubated in a solution of photosensitizer agents. Both treatments caused more rapid pigment bleaching and lipid oxidation in aba4-1 than wild-type plants, suggesting that neoxanthin acts as an antioxidant within the photosystem II (PSII) supercomplex in thylakoids. While neoxanthin-depleted Lhc proteins and leaves had similar sensitivity as the wild type to hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen, they were more sensitive to superoxide anions. aba4-1 intact plants were not more sensitive than the wild type to high-light stress, indicating the existence of compensatory mechanisms of photoprotection involving the accumulation of zeaxanthin. However, the aba4-1 npq1 double mutant, lacking zeaxanthin and neoxanthin, underwent stronger PSII photoinhibition and more extensive oxidation of pigments than the npq1 mutant, which still contains neoxanthin. We conclude that neoxanthin preserves PSII from photoinactivation and protects membrane lipids from photooxidation by reactive oxygen species. Neoxanthin appears particularly active against superoxide anions produced by the Mehler's reaction, whose rate is known to be enhanced in abiotic stress conditions.
Temperature alters food web body-size structure

The increased temperature associated with climate change may have important effects on body size and predator–prey interactions. The consequences of these effects for food web structure are unclear because the relationships between temperature and aspects of food web structure such as predator–prey body-size relationships are unknown. Here, we use the largest reported dataset for marine predator–prey interactions to assess how temperature affects predator–prey body-size relationships among different habitats ranging from the tropics to the poles. We found that prey size selection depends on predator body size, temperature and the interaction between the two. Our results indicate that (i) predator–prey body-size ratios decrease with predator size at below-average temperatures and increase with predator size at above-average temperatures, and (ii) that the effect of temperature on predator–prey body-size structure will be stronger at small and large body sizes and relatively weak at intermediate sizes. This systematic interaction may help to simplify forecasting the potentially complex consequences of warming on interaction strengths and food web stability.
Elastic waves interacting with buried land mines: a study using the FDTD method

A three-dimensional (3-D) finite-difference model for elastic waves in the ground has been developed and implemented. The model has been created to supplement the development of a sensor that uses elastic waves to detect buried land mines. The model is used to investigate the propagation characteristics of elastic waves in the ground and to explore the interaction of elastic waves with buried land mines. When elastic waves interact with a buried mine, a strong resonance occurs at the mine location. The resonance can be used to enhance the mine's signature and to distinguish the mine from clutter. Results presented in this paper explain the features of elastic wave propagation in the ground and show the interaction of elastic waves with both an anti-personnel mine and an anti-tank mine.
Tumour growth and non-specific immunity in rats: the mechanisms involved in inhibition of tumour growth.

Various non-specific in vivo stimulants of phagocytosis, such as peptone, starch, glycogen, BCG, inhibit the growth of Walker carcinosarcoma in rats. This was confirmed by comparison of the histological appearance of tumour beds and tumours of peptone-treated and control rats. In rats given peptone or BCG, tumour inhibition was detectable only during a limited period of time. Experiments on the effect of pretreatment with peptone on the growth of Walker ascites tumour cells revealed a clear-cut inhibition, and suggest that tumour cells may be successfully eliminated during the lag phase. Data showing that activated macrophages labelled with 51Cr significantly accumulate around the tumour implant support the view that macrophages are of prime importance in the elimination of tumour cells in this model system.
Computer Simulation of Slag Splashing in a Steelmaking Converter

Some variables that influence the slag splashing phenomenon in an oxygen steelmaking converter are numerically analyzed in this work. The effect of lance height, jet velocity, jet exit angle and slag viscosity on the washing and ejection mechanisms of slag splashing is studied in this work employing twodimensional transient computational fluid dynamics simulations. A parameter here called average slag volume fraction is proposed for the quantitative evaluation of the slag splashing efficiency. Besides, a qualitative comparison is made between the computational fluid dynamics results and physical model results from literature.
The Other Side of Malingering: Supernormality

Supernormality refers to the tendency to systematically deny the presence of common symptoms (e.g., intrusive thoughts). The current article describes the psychometric qualities of a 37-item self-report measure of supernormality (i.e., Supernormality Scale; SS). The SS was administered to nonclinical individuals (n = 95), noncriminal psychiatric patients (n = 28), nonpsychiatric delinquents (n = 49), and a heterogeneous sample of forensic patients (n = 59). Within the healthy control sample, some employees were instructed to feign supernormal behaviour, while others were asked to respond honestly to SS items. Findings indicate that the SS demonstrates adequate test-retest stability and internal consistency. In the forensic patient sample, elevated SS scores were significant related to denial of intrusive thoughts in a thought suppression paradigm. However, accuracy parameters for the SS (i.e., sensitivity and specificity) showed that there is room for improvement. Nevertheless, our findings indicate that the SS might be a useful research tool for measuring denial of common symptoms.