Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
I NFERENCES ABOUT THE DISTRIBUTION OF DOMINANCE DRAWN FROM YEAST 1 GENE KNOCKOUT DATA 2 3 4

22 Data from several thousand knock-out mutations in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 23 were used to estimate the distribution of dominance coefficients. We propose a new 24 unbiased likelihood approach to measuring dominance coefficients. On average, 25 deleterious mutations are partially recessive, with a mean dominance coefficient 26 approximately 0.2. Alleles with large homozygous effects are more likely to be more 27 recessive than are alleles of weaker effect. Our approach allows us to quantify, for the 28 first time, the substantial variance and skew in the distribution of dominance coefficients. 29 This heterogeneity is so great that many population genetic processes analyses based on 30 the mean dominance coefficient alone will be in substantial error. These results are 31 applied to the debate about various mechanisms for the evolution of dominance, and we 32 conclude that they are most consistent with models that depend on indirect selection on 33 homeostatic gene expression or on the ability to perform well under periods of high 34 demand for a protein. 35 __________________________ 36
The Effects of Buyer Specific Investments and Buyer Specific Monitoring Investments onHierarchical Governance in Business-to-Business Relationships

Based on transaction costs analysis (TCA), this study examines the association between supplier held specific assets, buyer specific assets, buyer specific monitoring investments and hierarchical governance in industrial buyer-seller relationships and develops three hypotheses specifying these associations. Data from a survey of 159 industrial buyer-seller relationships provide support for the hypotheses, and demonstrates that there is a strong and negative association between buyer specific investments and hierarchical buyer control, while the effect of buyer specific monitoring investments is positively associated to hierarchical governance. Finally, in accordance with TCA predictions, the empirical findings demonstrate that there is a strong and positive association between supplier held specific investments and buyer control in business-to-business relationships.
Numerical modeling of air–fiber flows

The dynamics of fiber suspensions are of great importance in applications such as the dry-forming process of pulp mats for use in hygiene products. In this forming process, fibers are transported in flowing air. The fibers interact with the fluid, and may interact with each other and interlock in flocs. The characteristics of the suspension structure are essential for the design and optimization of the forming process, and for improving the quality of the final products. Particularly, it is desired to achieve a uniform fiber distribution in the pulp mats. Thus, it is of high interest to develop tools, which can be used to perform comprehensive studies of the complex phenomenon of fiber suspension flows. This work is concerned with numerical analysis of fiber suspensions, related to the mat-forming process. For that purpose, a particlelevel fiber model has been implemented into an open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. A fiber is modeled as a chain of rigid cylindrical segments. The segments interact with the flow through hydrodynamic drag forces, and may interact with each other through short-range attractive forces. The segments are tracked individually using Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT). The implemented model comprises two alternatives, the flexible and the rigid fiber model, respectively. The equations of motion of a flexible fiber represent the application of Euler’s second laws for rigid body motion for the fiber segments. The flexible fiber model takes into account all the degrees of freedom necessary to realistically reproduce the fiber dynamics. Connectivity forces act between the adjacent fiber segments to ensure the fiber integrity. The rigid fiber model keeps the relative orientation between the segments fixed. The equations of motion are formulated for the fiber as a whole, while the hydrodynamic contributions are taken into account from the individual segments. The fiber inertia is taken into account in both alternatives of the model. The fiber model has been coupled with imposed flow fields, or with flow fields computed by the CFD solvers. The behavior of the implemented model is compared with analytical and experimental results available in the literature. The simulation results show that the model correctly predicts the dynamics of isolated
Effects of climate oscillations on wind resource variability in the United States

Natural climate variations in the United States wind resource are assessed by using cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions (CSEOFs) to decompose wind reanalysis data. Compared to approaches that average climate signals or assume stationarity of the wind resource on interannual time scales, the CSEOF analysis isolates variability associated with specific climate oscillations, as well as their modulation from year to year. Contributions to wind speed variability from the modulated annual cycle (MAC) and the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are quantified, and information provided by the CSEOF analysis further allows the spatial variability of these effects to be determined. The impacts of the MAC and ENSO on the wind resource are calculated at existing wind turbine locations in the United States, revealing variations in the wind speed of up to 30% at individual sites. The results presented here have important implications for predictions of wind plant power output and siting.
A Cross-Cultural Examination of Instant Messaging Acceptance in Mexico and the U.S

Instant messenger (IM) is gaining popularity as a communication channel both within and outside the workplace. This research-in-progress proposes to examine the adoption of IM across cultures. Using the technology acceptance model (TAM; Davis, 1989) we propose to examine the adoption of IM among university-level business students in the U.S. and Mexico. This study will serve a dual purpose; first, it will test TAM’s applicability across cultures and second, it will examine the impact of external variables on technology acceptance. These include subjective norm and national culture (i.e., uncertainty avoidance, individualism, power distance, and femininity/masculinity). This research in progress includes a literature review, research hypothesis, and proposed model, a data collection instrument, and detailed methodology.
Generation of transgenic mice expressing EGFP protein fused to NP68 MHC class I epitope using lentivirus vectors

Immune tolerance to self‐antigens is a complex process that utilizes multiple mechanisms working in concert to maintain homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity. Considerable progress in deciphering the mechanisms controlling the activation or deletion of T cells has been made by using T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice. One such model is the F5 model in which CD8 T cells express a TCR specific for an epitope derived from the influenza NP68 protein. Our aim was to create transgenic mouse models expressing constitutively the NP68 epitope fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in order to assess unambiguously the relative levels of NP68 epitope expressed by single cells. We used a lentiviral‐based approach to generate two independent transgenic mouse strains expressing the fusion protein EGFP‐NP68 under the control of CAG (CMV immediate early enhancer and the chicken β‐actin promoter) or spleen focus‐forming virus (SFFV) promoters. Analysis of the pattern of EGFP expression in the hematopoietic compartment showed that CAG and SFFV promoters are differentially regulated during T cell development. However, both promoters drove high EGFP‐NP68 expression in dendritic cells (pDCs, CD8α+ cDCs, and CD8α− cDCs) from spleen or generated in vitro following differentiation from bone‐marrow progenitors. NP68 epitope was properly processed and successfully presented by dendritic cells (DCs) by direct presentation and cross‐presentation to F5 CD8 T cells. The models presented here arevaluable tools to investigate the priming of F5 CD8 T cells by different subsets of DCs. genesis 51:193–200, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A robust hybrid of lasso and ridge regression

Compounds CL-1577D and CL-1577E are prepared by cultivation of a purified isolate of Actinomycete designated ATCC 39363 in a culture medium having assimilable sources of carbon and nitrogen. The compounds are effective antimicrobial agents and possess cytotoxic activity against L1210 murine leukemia cells and P388 murine leukemia cells.
Serodiagnosis of Scrub Typhus at a Tertiary Care Hospital from Southern India.

INTRODUCTION Scrub typhus, a zoonotic disease is one of the most covert emerging and re-emerging Rickettsial infections. There is an upsurge in the incidence of the disease worldwide with ever-changing habitat. Clinical diagnosis of scrub typhus is challenging as the signs and symptoms of scrub typhus are similar to other febrile illnesses. In developing countries, among the various laboratory tests to diagnose scrub typhus, Weil-Felix test is commonly performed despite its low sensitivity. The Immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test has its limitations in terms of cost and expertise required. The present study was conducted to determine the seropositivity of IgM ELISA for scrub typhus in clinically suspected cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Weil-Felix test and IgM ELISA were performed using clinically suspected cases of scrub typhus using commercially available kits. RESULTS Out of 482 samples tested, 109 were positive by both Weil-Felix test and IgM ELISA. One hundred and sixteen samples which were negative by Weil-Felix test reacted positive by IgM ELISA. Fourteen samples which were positive by Weil-Felix test were negative by ELISA. CONCLUSION Owing to the limitations of the Weil-Felix test and IFA, commercially available recombinant IgM ELISA which has a good sensitivity and specificity may be an alternative in laboratories with moderate set up.
Consciousness, emotion, and imagination a brain-inspired architecture for cognitive robotics

This paper proposes a brain-inspired cognitive architecture that incorporates approximations to the concepts of consciousness, emotion, and imagination. To emulate the empirically established cognitive efficacy of conscious as opposed to unconscious information processing in the mammalian brain, the architecture adopts a model of information flow from global workspace theory. Cognitive functions such as anticipation and planning are realised through internal simulation of interaction with the environment. Action selection, in both actual and internally simulated interaction with the environment, is mediated by affect. An implementation of the architecture is described which is based on weightless neurons and is used to control a simulated robot.
A test point selection method for data converters using Rademacher functions and wavelet transforms

A new test method of linearity errors for data converters is presented. Based in principle of the test point selection (NIST) method, this test method combines Rademacher functions and wavelet transforms to create a linearity error model for the data converter. Test results from an analog-to-digital converter and a digital-to-analog converter are presented and compared to other reported methods
Current Status of Superpave Binder Specification

Highway agencies use specifications to control the materials and construction practices used to build highways. In the development of material specifications highway agencies have been developing relationships between asphalt material properties and performance since they first started building asphalt pavements. The concept is if good performing materials are used in the construction then good performance should be achieved during the pavements life.
Randomized query processing in robot path planning

Abstract : The subject of this paper is the analysis of a randomized preprocessing scheme that has been used for query processing in robot motion planning. The attractiveness of the scheme stems from its general applicability to virtually any motion planning problem, and its empirically observed success. In this paper we initiate a theoretical basis for explaining this empirical success. Under a simple assumption about the configuration space, we show that it is possible to perform a preprocessing step following which queries can be answered quickly. En route, we pose and give solutions to related problems on graph connectivity in the evasiveness model, and art gallery theorems.
Oct4 is required for lineage priming in the developing inner cell mass of the mouse blastocyst

The transcription factor Oct4 is required in vitro for establishment and maintenance of embryonic stem cells and for reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotency. In vivo, it prevents the ectopic differentiation of early embryos into trophoblast. Here, we further explore the role of Oct4 in blastocyst formation and specification of epiblast versus primitive endoderm lineages using conditional genetic deletion. Experiments involving mouse embryos deficient for both maternal and zygotic Oct4 suggest that it is dispensable for zygote formation, early cleavage and activation of Nanog expression. Nanog protein is significantly elevated in the presumptive inner cell mass of Oct4 null embryos, suggesting an unexpected role for Oct4 in attenuating the level of Nanog, which might be significant for priming differentiation during epiblast maturation. Induced deletion of Oct4 during the morula to blastocyst transition disrupts the ability of inner cell mass cells to adopt lineage-specific identity and acquire the molecular profile characteristic of either epiblast or primitive endoderm. Sox17, a marker of primitive endoderm, is not detected following prolonged culture of such embryos, but can be rescued by provision of exogenous FGF4. Interestingly, functional primitive endoderm can be rescued in Oct4-deficient embryos in embryonic stem cell complementation assays, but only if the host embryos are at the pre-blastocyst stage. We conclude that cell fate decisions within the inner cell mass are dependent upon Oct4 and that Oct4 is not cell-autonomously required for the differentiation of primitive endoderm derivatives, as long as an appropriate developmental environment is established.
Ex Vivo Expansion of Human CD8+ T Cells Using Autologous CD4+ T Cell Help

Background Using in vivo mouse models, the mechanisms of CD4+ T cell help have been intensively investigated. However, a mechanistic analysis of human CD4+ T cell help is largely lacking. Our goal was to elucidate the mechanisms of human CD4+ T cell help of CD8+ T cell proliferation using a novel in vitro model. Methods/Principal Findings We developed a genetically engineered novel human cell-based artificial APC, aAPC/mOKT3, which expresses a membranous form of the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody OKT3 as well as other immune accessory molecules. Without requiring the addition of allogeneic feeder cells, aAPC/mOKT3 enabled the expansion of both peripheral and tumor-infiltrating T cells, regardless of HLA-restriction. Stimulation with aAPC/mOKT3 did not expand Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, and expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes predominantly secreted Th1-type cytokines, interferon-γ and IL-2. In this aAPC-based system, the presence of autologous CD4+ T cells was associated with significantly improved CD8+ T cell expansion in vitro. The CD4+ T cell derived cytokines IL-2 and IL-21 were necessary but not sufficient for this effect. However, CD4+ T cell help of CD8+ T cell proliferation was partially recapitulated by both adding IL-2/IL-21 and by upregulation of IL-21 receptor on CD8+ T cells. Conclusions We have developed an in vitro model that advances our understanding of the immunobiology of human CD4+ T cell help of CD8+ T cells. Our data suggests that human CD4+ T cell help can be leveraged to expand CD8+ T cells in vitro.
Mechanism Design and Communication Costs

This paper focuses on implementation issues in environments where it may be costly for the players to send certain messages. We develop an approach allowing to characterize the set of implementable outcomes in such environments, and then apply it to derive optimal mechanisms. The key elements of our approach are the absence of any restrictions on the communication structure in a mechanism and the ability of the principal to screen the agents not only on the basis of their preferences over the outcomes, but also on the basis of their communication abilities. A number of interesting implications for the monopoly regulation, signaling and screening is derived. In particular, we show that a monopoly may not want to exclude low-valuation consumers if some consumers in the population are not able to misrepresent their valuations, and why the employers may prefer to screen applicants via multiple rounds of interviews rather than via menus of contracts. Our findings also provide a justification for privacy laws.
Introduced birds incompletely replace seed dispersal by a native frugivore

In an era of widespread extinction and invasion, understanding the functional role of native and introduced birds in ecological processes is increasingly important. This study compared seed rain in the presence and absence of Hawaii's last abundant native frugivore, and found that introduced birds were an imperfect substitute. In the absence of the native bird, seed rain was less frequent, less species rich, and biased towards smaller seeded plants. To maintain diverse island plant communities, conservation strategies in Hawaii should focus on restoring functional populations of native dispersers, rather than relying on introduced species to fill this role.
The -genus and a regularization of an S1-equivariant Euler class

We show that a new multiplicative genus, in the sense of Hirzebruch, can be obtained by generalizing a calculation due to Atiyah and Witten. We introduce this as the -genus, compute its value for some examples and highlight some of its interesting properties. We also indicate a connection with the study of multiple zeta values, which gives an algebraic interpretation for our proposed regularization procedure.
Glenohumeral Function of the Long Head of the Biceps Muscle

Background: Optimal treatment of superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears is controversial, in part because the dynamic role of the long head of the biceps muscle (LHBM) in the glenohumeral joint is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine dynamic LHBM behavior during shoulder activity by studying (1) the electromyographic activity of the LHBM during shoulder motion, (2) the effect of elbow immobilization on this activity, and (3) the effect of a load applied to the distal humerus on this activity. Hypothesis: The LHBM would not play a significant role in active glenohumeral range of motion. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Thirteen normal volunteers underwent surface electromyography (EMG) measurement of the LHBM, short head biceps muscle (SHBM), deltoid, infraspinatus, and brachioradialis during shoulder motion from the neutral position (0° of rotation, flexion, and abduction) to 45° of flexion, 90° of flexion, 45° of abduction, and 90° of abduction. These motions were repeated both with and without splint immobilization of the forearm and elbow at 100° of flexion and neutral rotation and with and without a 1-kg weight placed on the lateral distal humerus. Results: Mean EMG activity within the LHBM and the SHBM was low (≤11.6% ± 9.1%). LHBM activity was significant increased by flexion and abduction (P < .049 in all cases), while SHBM activity was not. EMG activity from the middle head of the deltoid was significantly increased by loading with the shoulder positioned away from the body (ie, in abduction or flexion). When compared with the unloaded state, the addition of a distal humeral load significantly increased LHBM activity in 45° of abduction (P = .028) and 90° of flexion (P = .033) despite forearm and elbow immobilization. The SHBM showed similar trends. Conclusion: In normal volunteers with forearm and elbow immobilization and application of a load to the distal humerus, LHBM EMG activity is increased by both glenohumeral flexion and abduction, suggesting that this muscle plays a dynamic role in glenohumeral motion with higher demand activities. Clinical Relevance: Biceps tenodesis may result in dynamic change within the glenohumeral joint with higher demand activities.
A DECADE OF SHORT-DURATION GAMMA-RAY BURST BROADBAND AFTERGLOWS: ENERGETICS, CIRCUMBURST DENSITIES, AND JET OPENING ANGLES

We present a comprehensive catalog and analysis of broadband afterglow observations for 103 short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), comprised of all short GRBs from 2004 November to 2015 March with prompt follow-up observations in the X-ray, optical, near-infrared (NIR), and/or radio bands. These afterglow observations have uncovered 71 X-ray detections, 30 optical/NIR detections, and 4 radio detections. Employing the standard afterglow synchrotron model, we perform joint probability analyses for a subset of 38 short GRBs with well-sampled light curves to infer the burst isotropic-equivalent energies and circumburst densities. For this subset, we find median isotropic-equivalent γ-ray and kinetic energies of Eγ,iso ≈ 2 × 1051 erg, and EK,iso ≈ (1–3) × 1051 erg, respectively, depending on the values of the model input parameters. We further find that short GRBs occur in low-density environments, with a median density of n ≈ (3–15) × 10−3 cm−3, and that ≈80%–95% of bursts have densities of n ≲ 1 cm−3. We investigate trends between the circumburst densities and host galaxy properties, and find that events located at large projected offsets of ≳10 effective radii from their hosts exhibit particularly low densities of n ≲ 10−4 cm−3, consistent with an intergalactic medium-like environment. Using late-time afterglow data for 11 events, we find a median jet opening angle of θj = 16 ± 10°. We also calculate a median beaming factor of fb ≈ 0.04, leading to a beaming-corrected total energy release of Etrue ≈ 1.6 × 1050 erg. Furthermore, we calculate a beaming-corrected event rate of R true = 270 − 180 + 1580 ? > Gpc−3 yr−1, or ≈ 8 − 5 + 47 ? > yr−1 within a 200 Mpc volume, the Advanced LIGO/Virgo typical detection distance for NS–NS binaries.
Nerve conduction studies in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease in a cohort from Turkey

In the demyelinating form of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, median motor conduction velocity (MCV) was noted to be around 20 m/s in peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) duplications, in contrast to higher MCVs in connexin 32 gene (Cx32) mutations and lower MCVs in the demyelinating form of myelin protein zero gene (MPZ) mutations.
Preparation of Piezoelectric Paints and Application as Vibration Modal Sensors

Piezoelectric paints were prepared using lead zir conate titanate (PZT) ceramic powder as a pigment, and epoxy resin as a binder. The obtained paints were coated on aluminum beams and were dried at room temperature, thus forming films with thicknesses of 35 to 81 μm and PZT volume fractions of 30 to 53% . The films were then poled under electric fields of up to 350 kV/cm at room temperature, and the resulting piezoelectric activity was evaluated from vibration measurements on the aluminum beams. The piezoelectric activity obtained under a given poling field increases with increasing film thickness and with increasing volume fraction of PZT. The piezoelectric activity of the PZT/epoxy paint film has proved to be high enough to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a structural material, thus demonstrating the potential of the paint film as a built-in vibration modal sensor.