Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glimepiride improves both first and second phases of insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of glimepiride on insulin sensitivity and secretion in subjects with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After a 2-week washout from prior sulfonylurea therapy, 11 obese subjects with type 2 diabetes underwent euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamp studies before and during glimepiride therapy. RESULTS Glimepiride resulted in a 2.4-mmol/l decrease in fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.04) that was correlated with reductions in postabsorptive endogenous glucose production (EGP) (16.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 13.5 +/- 0.5 micro mol. kg(-1). min(-1), P = 0.01) (r = 0.21, P = 0.01). Postabsorptive EGP on glimepiride was similar to that of control subjects (12.8 +/- 0.9 micro mol. kg(-1). min(-1), NS). Fasting plasma insulin (66 +/- 18 vs. 84 +/- 48 pmol/l, P = 0.05), and first-phase (19 +/- 8 vs. 32 +/- 11 pmol/l, P = 0.04) and second-phase incremental insulin responses to glucose (48 +/- 23 vs. 72 +/- 32 pmol/l, P = 0.02) improved with glimepiride therapy. Insulin sensitivity did not change with treatment (4.6 +/- 0.7 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.7 micro mol. kg(-1). min(-1). pmol(-1)) and remained below that of control subjects (8.1 +/- 1.8 micro mol. kg(-1). min(-1). pmol(-1), P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrates that glimepiride improves both first and second phases of insulin secretion, but not insulin sensitivity, in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Personality factors as predictors of online consumer engagement: an empirical investigation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the relationship between consumer personality traits and consumer engagement (CE) in the online brand community (OBC) context. This study also examines the effect of CE on consumers’ ensuing purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach Using a survey incorporating the Big Five model of personality, 390 responses were collected from students who were members of at least one Facebook-based OBC. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings The results reveal that extraversion represents the strongest driver of CE in OBCs, followed by openness to experience, neuroticism and agreeableness. Conscientiousness was found to be negatively related to CE. The findings also indicate a positive association between CE and purchase intention. Practical implications This paper highlights the ways in which marketers can capitalize on consumer personality traits and develop corresponding strategies that will not only increase CE in OBCs, but also consumers’ ensuing purchase intent for specific offerings. Originality/value This research is among the first to demonstrate and empirically validate insight into the ways in which consumer personality traits drive CE in OBCs. This study, thus, adds to the rapidly developing research stream on CE by exposing and empirically validating an integrated set of influential consumer personality-based antecedents of CE, and examining key ensuing outcomes of CE.
Identification of putative kdr mutations in the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae).

BACKGROUND Bed bugs [both Cimex hemipterus (F.) and Cimex lectularius L. ] are highly resistant to pyrethroids worldwide. An important resistance mechanism known as 'knockdown resistance' (kdr) is caused by genetic point mutations on the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene. Previous studies have identified two point mutations (V419L and L925I) on the VGSC gene in C. lectularius that are responsible for kdr-type resistance. However, the kdr mutations in C. hemipterus have not been investigated. RESULTS Four novel mutations, L899V (leucine to valine), M918I (methionine to isoleucine), D953G (aspartic acid to glycine) and L1014F (leucine to phenylalanine), were identified in the domain II region of the C. hemipterus VGSC gene. This region has been widely investigated for the study of kdr-type resistance to pyrethroids in other insect pests. The V419L and L925I kdr mutations as previously identified in C. lectularius were not detected in C. hemipterus. CONCLUSION M918I and L1014F are considered to be probable kdr mutations and may play essential roles in kdr-type resistance to pyrethroids in C. hemipterus. Further studies are under way in the authors' laboratory to determine the non-kdr-type resistance mechanisms in C. hemipterus.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adolescents: A Review of the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Clinical Implications

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common mental disorder in childhood, and primary care clinicians provide a major component of the care for children with ADHD. However, because of limited available evidence, the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines did not include adolescents and young adults. Contrary to previous beliefs, it has become clear that, in most cases, ADHD does not resolve once children enter puberty. This article reviews the current evidence about the diagnosis and treatment of adolescents and young adults with ADHD and describes how the information informs practice. It describes some of the unique characteristics observed among adolescents, as well as how the core symptoms change with maturity. The diagnostic process is discussed, as well as approaches to the care of adolescents to improve adherences. Both psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions are reviewed, and there is a discussion of these patients' transition into young adulthood. The article also indicates that research is needed to identify the unique adolescent characteristics of ADHD and effective psychosocial and pharmacologic treatments.
Lateralization of Travelling Wave Response in the Hearing Organ of Bushcrickets

Travelling waves are the physical basis of frequency discrimination in many vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, including mammals, birds, and some insects. In bushcrickets (Tettigoniidae), the crista acustica is the hearing organ that has been shown to use sound-induced travelling waves. Up to now, data on mechanical characteristics of sound-induced travelling waves were only available along the longitudinal (proximal-distal) direction. In this study, we use laser Doppler vibrometry to investigate in-vivo radial (anterior-posterior) features of travelling waves in the tropical bushcricket Mecopoda elongata. Our results demonstrate that the maximum of sound-induced travelling wave amplitude response is always shifted towards the anterior part of the crista acustica. This lateralization of the travelling wave response induces a tilt in the motion of the crista acustica, which presumably optimizes sensory transduction by exerting a shear motion on the sensory cilia in this hearing organ.
Collaborative project-based learning: an integrative science and technological education project

Abstract Background: Blending collaborative learning and project-based learning (PBL) based on Wolff (2003) design categories, students interacted in a learning environment where they developed their technology integration practices as well as their technological and collaborative skills. Purpose: The study aims to understand how seventh grade students perceive a collaborative web-based science project in light of Wolff’s design categories. The goal of the project is to develop their technological and collaborative skills, to educate them about technology integration practices, and to provide an optimum collaborative, PBL experience. Sample: Seventh grade students aged 12–14 (n = 15) were selected from a rural K–12 school in Turkey through purposeful sampling. Design and methods: The current study applied proactive action research since it focused on utilizing a new way to enhance students’ technological and collaborative skills and to demonstrate technology integration into science coursework. Data were collected qualitatively through interviews, observation forms, forum archives, and website evaluation rubrics. Results: The results found virtual spaces such as online tutorials, forums, and collaborative and communicative tools to be beneficial for collaborative PBL. The study supported Wolff’s design features for a collaborative PBL environment, applying features appropriate for a rural K–12 school setting and creating a digitally-enriched environment. As the forum could not be used as effectively as expected because of school limitations, more flexible spaces independent of time and space were needed. Conclusions: This study’s interdisciplinary, collaborative PBL was efficient in enhancing students’ advanced technological and collaborative skills, as well as exposing them to practices for integrating technology into science. The study applied design features for a collaborative PBL environment with certain revisions.
An empirical investigation of idiosyncratic risk and stock returns relation in heteroskedasticity corrected predictive models

This paper investigates stock returns behaviour as a function of lagged idiosyncratic risk in the Fama-French three-factor model using two approaches to estimating idiosyncratic risk. The application of ordinary least squares and quantile regression methods to heteroskedasticity corrected data in a panel structure reveals that the form of relationship does not change with the method of estimating idiosyncratic risk and is indeed dynamic. The relationship curves resemble the shapes of the utility curves of risk-seeking and risk-aversion, and not the risk-neutral attitude. The findings are robust to the choice of FF three-factor and capital asset pricing one-factor models, and to the choice of estimation window. Our results help explain some of the basis of conflicting results reported in the literature on the form of idiosyncratic risk –return relation. The form of the relationship is too dynamic to support idiosyncratic risk as a ‘priced’ item.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEPATUHAN BUDAYA DENGAN WAKTU PEMBERIAN MAKANAN PENDAMPING ASI DI DESA PENIRON KECAMATAN PEJAGOAN KABUPATEN KEBUMEN

ABSTRAK Ning Suwarsih Hubungan Antara Kepatuhan Budaya Dengan Waktu Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI di Desa Peniron Kecamatan Pejagoan Kabupaten Kebumen xv + 55 Halaman + 12 Tabel + 2 Gambar + 19 Lampiran Makanan Pendamping ASI merupakan makanan atau minuman selain ASI yang diberikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan zat-zat gizi pada bayi yang tidak tercukupi oleh ASI. Makanan pendamping ASI diberikan pada bayi mulai usia 6 bulan hingga usia 24 bulan. Meskipun demikian masih terdapat ibu yang memberikan makanan pendamping ASI pada usia kurang dari 6 bulan. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi waktu pemberian makanan pendamping ASI adalah faktor budaya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kepatuhan budaya dengan waktu pemberian makanan pendamping ASI di Desa Peniron Kecamatan Pejagoan Kabupaten Kebumen. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif korelatif dan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumen. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total samping dengan jumlah sampel 116 ibu yang memiliki balita usia 6-24 bulan. Sebanyak (90,5%) responden memberikan makanan pendamping ASI pada saat bayi berusia kurang dari 6 bulan dan (82,8%) responden patuh terhadap budaya. Hasil analisis menggunakan uji alternatif fisher exact didapatkan nilai p= 0,000 < (α= 0,05) sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kepatuhan budaya dengan waktu pemberian makanan pendamping ASI. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan bagi responden dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dengan mencari sumber informasi terkait dengan pemberian makanan pendamping ASI. Bagi pelayanan kesehatan dapat menguatkan program ASI Ekslusif. Kata Kunci: Kepatuhan, Budaya, MPASI Daftar Pustaka: 62 (2002-2014)
Self-efficacy enhancing intervention increases light physical activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease lead sedentary lives and could benefit from increasing their physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine if an exercise-specific self-efficacy enhancing intervention could increase physical activity and functional performance when delivered in the context of 4 months of upper body resistance training with a 12-month follow-up. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, subjects were assigned to: exercise-specific self-efficacy enhancing intervention with upper body resistance training (SE-UBR), health education with upper body resistance training (ED-UBR), or health education with gentle chair exercises (ED-Chair). Physical activity was measured with an accelerometer and functional performance was measured with the Functional Performance Inventory. Forty-nine people with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease completed 4 months of training and provided valid accelerometry data, and 34 also provided accelerometry data at 12 months of follow-up. The self-efficacy enhancing intervention emphasized meeting physical activity guidelines and increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results Differences were observed in light physical activity (LPA) after 4 months of training, time by group interaction effect (P=0.045). The SE-UBR group increased time spent in LPA by +20.68±29.30 minutes/day and the other groups decreased time spent in LPA by −22.43±47.88 minutes/day and -25.73±51.76 minutes/day. Changes in LPA were not sustained at 12-month follow-up. There were no significant changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sedentary time, or functional performance. Subjects spent most of their waking hours sedentary: 72%±9% for SE-UBR, 68%±10% for ED-UBR, and 74%±9% for ED-Chair. Conclusion The self-efficacy enhancing intervention produced a modest short-term increase in LPA. Further work is needed to increase the magnitude and duration of effect, possibly by targeting LPA.
POTENTIAL OF INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL SOLITONS

A general method to find an effective potential of interaction between far separated two-dimensional (2D) and 3D solitons is elaborated, including the case of 2D vortex solitons. The method is based on explicit calculation of the overlapping term in the full Hamiltonian of the system (without assuming that the ``tail'' of each soliton is not affected by its interaction with the other soliton). The result is obtained in an explicit form that does not contain an artificially introduced radius of the overlapping region. The potential applies to spatial and spatiotemporal solitons in nonlinear optics, where it helps to solve various dynamical problems: collisions, formation of bound states (BS's), etc. In particular, an orbiting BS of two solitons is always unstable. In the presence of weak dissipation and gain, the effective potential can also be derived, giving rise to bound states similar to those recently studied in 1D models.
Assessment of coronary angiograms prior to and after treatment with abciximab, and the outcome of angioplasty in refractory unstable angina patients. Angiographic results from the CAPTURE trial.

BACKGROUND The CAPTURE study (c 7E3 A nti P latelet T herapy in U nstable Re fractory angina) was designed to assess outcome in patients with refractory angina undergoing angioplasty, receiving either abciximab or placebo. METHODS One thousand two hundred and sixty-five patients with refractory unstable angina, defined as recurrent myocardial ischaemia despite medical treatment including heparin and nitrates were enrolled. After angiography, patients received an infusion of abciximab or placebo over 18-24 h preceding angioplasty, continuing until 1 h after the procedure. In 1197 patients undergoing angioplasty the angiographic committee centrally reviewed the baseline as well as the procedural angiograms. Coronary flow and lesion characteristics were assessed in the baseline angiogram as well as before intervention. Angiographic outcome, reason for failure as well as complications were assessed after angioplasty. RESULTS At 30 days follow-up, patients receiving abciximab (n=595) compared with placebo (n=602) had a 30% reduction in the composite primary end-point death, myocardial infarction or urgent (re)intervention: 10.8% vs 15.4% (P=0.017). Baseline demographics were identical in the angiogram available group compared with the total study group. At 30 days, the non-angiogram available patients showed a higher incidence of events compared to those in whom the angiogram was reviewed: 19.4 vs 13.1% (P=ns). Lesion characteristics and coronary flow were not different at baseline between the placebo and abciximab groups. A primary end-point was reached in 9.6% of both placebo and abciximab patients with type A or B(1)lesions, in 17.0% vs 12.0% with type B(2)lesions, and in 19.1% vs 11.5% with type >B(2)or C lesions. Sixty-one percent of placebo and abciximab patients had TIMI 3 flow at baseline angiography. Pre-angioplasty TIMI 3 flow was observed in 69% and 72% respectively. The thrombus was resolved between the angiograms in 22% and 43% respectively, in the placebo and abciximab groups (P=0. 033). Angiographic success of the procedure was achieved in 88% and 94% in the placebo and abciximab patients, respectively (P<0.001). Stents were implanted in the ischaemia-related artery in 56 and 60 patients, respectively. However, failure of the stent procedure was more frequent in the placebo group than in the abciximab group, nine vs no patients (P=0.003). CONCLUSION More frequent thrombus resolution was observed and a higher angiographic success rate was achieved in patients treated with abciximab before and during angioplasty compared with placebo. Patients with complex lesions as the underlying pathology reached fewer end-points if treated with abciximab before and during angioplasty.
Spheres of trust: An empirical analysis of the foundations of particularised and generalised trust

While the literature on trust has produced various conceptual models, there is also some confusion concerning different types of trust and their formation. In this article, three contested points are empirically clarified. First, are there really different forms of trust as much of the literature suggests? Second, if so, then how are these different types of trust related to each other? Third, what are the foundations of these different forms of trust? Relying on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, it is concluded that two types of trust can be empirically identified: an intimate trust in people close to the truster, as well as an abstract trust in people in general. Although these types of trust constitute separate dimensions, they are positively related to each other. Furthermore, this article challenges the widely held assumption that experiences are most relevant for particularised trust, while generalised trust is based on psychological predispositions. It is argued instead for a sphere­ specific logic of trust formation: It is the radius of expericnccs and predispositions that matters for the radius of trust. Finally, the analysis goes beyond the existing research by highlighting hitherto unknown conditions under which trust in familiar domains is more or less likely to extend to generalised trust.
Teacher candidates’ opinions and experiences as input for teacher education curriculum development*

Abstract The aim of this international study was to generate recommendations for curriculum improvement in family–school partnerships (FSP) by examining teacher candidates’ understandings, attitudes and experiences. A survey of 1144 candidates in their first or final year of preparation at three universities, one each in Belgium, the Netherlands and the USA, provided qualitative and quantitative data regarding their understandings, attitudes about FSP and their experiences in their teacher preparation. The data indicated modest approval of the value of partnerships, understandings of partnerships weighted towards teacher to parent communication, preference for traditional teacher–parent activities over non-traditional choices, and, among final year candidates, mildly positive feelings of preparedness. Candidates wished more interactions with parents during field experiences and practical strategies for communicating with parents. Inferred in their responses was the need for curriculum to develop an expanded view of partnerships, enhance attitudes, especially among secondary education candidates, and cultivate skills in working with families from culturally diverse backgrounds. However, few candidates expressed a desire for exploring theory and research on partnerships or for the opportunity to develop a personal philosophy, components which are thought critical for teachers’ ability to establish partnerships with parents.
Provocative discography and minimally invasive procedures for the treatment of discogenic pain

Diagnosis and treatment of lumbar discogenic pain remains a challenge. It may account for 1/3 of patients with lower back pain. The mechanism of discogenic pain remains unclear, clinical presentation can vary and the MRI may only suggest the presence of internal disc disruption. Provocative discography can provide unique information about the morphology of the disc and remains the only diagnostic test that can relate the changes observed on imaging tests and the patient’s pain. Minimally invasive treatments like intradiscal biacuplasty or intradiscal electrothermal therapy are likely better alternatives to the currently available surgical options. They are cost effective and may cause fewer side effects. However, the value of most of these therapies has yet to be established. More basic science and clinical studies are needed to prove the clinical efficacy of such minimal invasive treatments. One thing that is clear, however, is that the careful patient selection, based on the present data, significantly improves successes of these procedures.
Morphology and Language Acquisition

Morphology is language specific and must be acquired on the basis of particular linguistic data. This chapter addresses three central issues for the understanding of morphological acquisition: the distributional properties of morphology, the mechanisms of learning from data, and the developmental patterns and trajectories in child language. First, corpus studies of child directed language reveal a systematic pattern of data sparsity: in general, only a (small) fraction of possible morphological forms will be attested in the acquisition data. The child learner, then, must be able to form wide ranging generalizations from early on, and on very partial corners of the morphological paradigm. Second, we review evidence from morphological development, especially the study of English past tense, and draw two broad conclusions: (a) morphologically complex forms appear not memorized by association but are learned in relation to their morpho-phonological classes, lexicalized or otherwise, and (b) as far as child language is concerned, morphological productivity appears categorical, where children often over-use productive processes but almost never commit analogical errors. Third, we situate morphological learning models in the context of language acquisition, where psychological considerations pose additional challenges and constraints. The child must proceed in an incremental and unsupervised fashion, which deprives them of assumptions (such as stem and derived pairs) that are taken for granted in theoretical analysis. Along the way, we discuss how language acquisition may provide useful insight for the theoretical study of morphology.