Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leadership in management education and development: criteria for quality decisions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how focus on decisions can enhance management education and especially those aspects that pertain to their impact on stakeholders.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports on use of the model in public and private organizations.Findings – The paper suggests that emphasis on criteria (guidelines) for quality decisions would contribute significantly to making leadership topics in management education and development more practical. It offers a tentative model consisting of guidelines in the form of six questions. The model could serve as foundation for research and the development of other models that might better suit the respective needs of decision makers in different environments. The paper points out that the model is comprehensive and solidly based on the literature. A scenario is analyzed with the use of the model to show its practical application and benefits.Practical implications – The model is intended to provide practical use and application o.
(UBS Pensions series 28) Portfolio Choice and Wealth Accumulation with Taxable and Tax-Deferred Accounts

We calibrate a life-cycle model with uninsurable labor income risk and borrowing constraints to match portfolio allocation and wealth accumulation profiles of direct and indirect stockholders in both taxable and tax-deferred accounts. Tax-deferred accounts generate an increase in wealth accumulation that is larger for wealthier households. Furthermore, while the cost of following a fixed contribution rate over the life cycle is small, the optimal rate can differ substantially across households, and the welfare losses from choosing the wrong one can be substantial. Finally, the welfare gain from having access to a tax-deferred account ranges from less than 0.1% to 11.5%, depending on the preference parameters.
Non-financial performance measures: an empirical analysis of a change in a firm's performance measurement system

Preface Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Non-financial performance measures 4 1.3 Management control 6 1.4 Managerial performance 9 1.5 Contributions of the study 10 1.6 Summary and overview of remainder dissertation 12 Chapter 2 Literature review 13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Overview empirical research 14 2.3 Relationships between financial and non-financial performance measures 15 2.3. 1 Empirical evidence of relationships between financial and non-financial performance measures 15 2.3. 2 Characteristics of the relationship between financial and non-financial measures 17 2.4 Antecedents of non-financial performance measures use 18 2.4. 1 Introduction 18 2.4. 2 Operational strategy 18 2.4. 3 Organizational strategy 20 2.4. 4 Other antecedents 21 2.4. 5 Summary 23 2.5 Performance effects of non-financial performance measure use 24 2.6 Discussion and future research 27 2.6. 1 Relationships between financial and non-financial performance measures 27 2.6. 2 Use and usefulness of non-financial performance measures 30 2.7 Summary and conclusions 33
Surgical Management of Pterygium

Pterygium is a triangular fibrovascular growth that extends from the conjunctiva in the interpalpebral fissure and encroaches on the cornea. It occurs usually on the nasal side, but can grow nasally and temporally, or infrequently, only on the temporal side. The pterygium consists of a cap, head, and body. The cap is a gray subepithelial opacity at the leading edge of the pterygium. Behind the cap, the head of the pterygium is a thickened vascular area that is tightly attached to the cornea. The body of the pterygium is the fleshy, vascular area of bulbar conjunctiva, with folds that mark its edges. Pterygia may be markedly vascular and encroach toward the central cornea, or remain stationary and become flat and atrophic with time. The pterygium may induce irregular corneal astigmatism, owing to abnormal pooling of tears in advance of the apex of the pterygium. This tear film causes topographic horizontal flattening, that results in astigmatism with the rule. The pterygium may cause irritation, inflammation, and foreign body sensation.
Institutional Investor Power and Heterogeneity

This article examines the implications of the escalation in institutional inves power and heterogeneity for two dominant theories of corporate governanceagency theory and stakeholder theory. From this analysis, a new view of the agency relationship between institutional investors and their portfolio firms emerges, which recognizes the institutions’ market power, complex role as financial intermediaries, and possible involvement in simultaneous and opposing agency contracts. We also conclude that stakeholder theorists should reconsider these newly empowered shareholders’moral standing in relation to their portfolio firms, and they should reexamine the identities and goals of these modern investors. To that end, we demonstrate that a novel, intragroup application of Mitchell, Agle, and Wood’s stakeholder framework to heterogeneous institutional investors illuminates their varying levels of stakeholder salience.
Utility of immunohistochemistry in the pancreatobiliary tract.

CONTEXT Immunohistochemistry has become a useful ancillary study in the identification and classification of pancreatic neoplasms. The diagnostic accuracy has been significantly improved because of the continuous discoveries of tumor-associated biomarkers and the development of effective immunohistochemical panels. OBJECTIVES To identify and classify pancreatic neoplasms by immunohistochemistry. DATA SOURCES Literature review and authors' research data and personal practice experience were used. CONCLUSIONS To better guide therapeutic decisions and predict the prognostic outcome, it is crucial to make an accurate diagnosis of a pancreatic neoplasm. Application of appropriate immunohistochemical panels enables pathologists to differentiate pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinomas from reactive conditions and to identify rare types of pancreatic neoplasms. Knowing the utilities and pitfalls of each tumor-associated biomarker is essential to avoiding a potential diagnostic error because an absolutely cancer-specific biomarker does not exist. This article reviews frequently used tumor-associated biomarkers, provides lists of effective immunohistochemical panels, and recommends a diagnostic algorithm as a standard approach to pancreatic neoplasms.
Survey research in finance

Purpose - To provide an introduction for the special issue on surveys, to give an overview of the survey literature and debate, and to provide direction for future research using the survey method. Design/methodology/approach - Survey of the relevant literature. Findings - The survey technique can be productively applied to a large number of finance topics but researchers must be careful to incorporate the same degree of rigor used with other research methods. Originality/value - Summarizes and ties together the papers included in the special issue and explains the overall contribution of the special issue on surveys.
Crocetin, a Carotenoid from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Protects against Hypertension and Cerebral Thrombogenesis in Stroke‐prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Crocetin is a natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid that is found in the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Cape Jasmine) and in the stamen and pistil of Crocus sativus L. (saffron). It is used worldwide as an important spice, food colorant, and herbal medicine. In the current investigation, we have examined the cardiovascular effects of crocetin using stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSPs). Male SHRSPs (6 weeks old) were classified into three groups: a control group and two crocetin groups (25 and 50 mg/kg/day). The animals were given crocetin for 3 weeks. Body weights in each group were not significantly different during the treatment period, but the increase in systolic blood pressures observed with age was significantly moderated by crocetin. Thrombogenesis, assessed using a He‐Ne laser technique in pial vessels, was significantly decreased. Antioxidant activity, assessed by measuring urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine levels, together with urinary nitric oxide (NO) metabolite levels, was increased significantly after treatment. Acetylcholine‐induced vasodilation was measured using the aorta and indicated that endothelial function was significantly improved by crocetin. These results strongly suggest that the antihypertensive and antithrombotic effects of crocetin were related to an increase in bioavailable NO, possibly mediated by decreased inactivation of NO by reactive oxygen species. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Aggregation of Euler Equations for Consumption in Simple Overlapping-Generations Models

If consumers have finite lives, the aggregate consumption growth equation is affected by entries and exits (births and deaths). The authors use two- and three-period overlapping-generations models to show that entries and exits produce a relationship between aggregate consumption growth and the interest rate that is fundamentally different from the individual Euler equation for consumption. If aggregate data are used to estimate an 'aggregate' Euler equation, under plausible assumptions they show that the estimate of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution is downward biased and that consumption growth exhibits excess sensitivity to labor income. Copyright 1995 by The London School of Economics and Political Science.
The Nature and Determinants of Ownership Changes after Privatization: Evidence from Estonia

Abstract New panel data for a large random sample of Estonian firms are used to examine the incidence and dynamics of ownership structures that have occurred since privatization. While there is much path dependence in ownership structures, considerable changes in ownership have also taken place. Econometric findings indicate that (i) inertia in ownership distributions is important, (ii) big firms and capital intensive firms are more likely to be owned by outsiders, (iii) economic performance does not play a decisive role, and (iv) large minority ownership stakes increase the probability that initial majority ownership will change, and, compared to minority ownership by insiders, when outsiders acquire minority ownership positions they are much more likely to eventually assume majority ownership. These results do not confirm the view that there would be a rapid movement toward efficient ownership structures, which underlies much conventional theory on privatization. J. Comp. Econom. , September 1999, 27(3), pp. 422–441. Hamilton College, Clinton, New York 13323; and Center for East European Studies, Copenhagen Business School, Dalgas Have 15, 2000, Frederiksburg, Denmark.
AN OPTIMAL CONTROL MODEL FOR THE SURFACE RUNOFF CONTAMINATION OF A LARGE RIVER BASIN

In this paper surface water contamination in a large river basin is analyzed. We develop an optimal control model that incorporates variations in pollution loads, benefits and environmental damage costs across several subbasins into a basin-wide decision framework. The river basin is assumed to consist of multiple subbasins, where each of these is comprised of a water canal emptying into one major river flow. Thus, the chemical and sediment loading, which represents the control variable, is treated as a point inflow source of contaminant. The flow of contaminants in the main river is modelled by an advection-diffusion partial differential equation. The management problem is to determine the optimal pollutant loads at these different influx points such that the discounted economic return from the pollutant-generating activities less the environmental costs of the contaminant is maximized. Existence of a unique optimal solution for a finite time problem is proved. In addition, the management implications of this area-wide optimal control strategy are discussed.
Nutritional rickets in childhood: retrospective assessment of clinical dataof forty five cases seen in a Nigerian tertiary healthcare institution.

Nutritional rickets is common in Nigeria despite abundant tropical sunshine and its reemergence has been documented in both developed and developing countries. To document our observation on nutritional rickets in childhood in Benin City. A retrospective chart audit was performed, covering a 12-year period on 45 children with nutritional rickets, diagnosed by clinical, biochemical and radiologic parameters. The peak age group at presentation was 2-3 years with a mean duration of symptoms before presentation of 19.0 ±11.8 months (95% Confidence Interval, CI=15.56-22.44). Male-to-female ration was 2.2:1. The commonest mode of presentation was lower limb deformity (82.2% of all cases). No case presented with hypocalcaemic seizures. The mean duration of symptoms before presentation was 20.3±9.7 months (95% CI=17.47-23.13). The mean serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were 2.0±0.3 mmol/L (95% CI=1.88-2.12), 1.2±04 mmol/L (95% CI=1.03-1.42), and alkaline phosphatase 276.4±38.6 IU/L(95% CI= 258.6-294.2) respectively. Normal values in UBTH were 2.15-2.55 mmol/L, 0.8-1.48 mmol/L and 30-90 IU/L for calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase respectively. The mean serum albumin was 3.9±0.6 mg/dl (95% CI=3.56-4.24). Nutritional rickets commonly presents after the age of 2 years with lower limb deformity and a male preponderance.
How Markets Process Information: News Releases and Volatility

The authors examine the impact of scheduled macroeconomic news announcements on interest rate and foreign exchange futures markets. They find these announcements are responsible for most of the observed time-of-day and day-of-the-week volatility patterns in these markets. While the bulk of the price adjustment to a major announcement occurs within the first minute, volatility remains substantially higher than normal for roughly fifteen minutes and slightly elevated for several hours. Nonetheless, these subsequent price adjustments are basically independent of the first minute's return. The authors identify those announcements with the greatest impact on these markets. Copyright 1993 by American Finance Association.
Reset Control for Midfrequency Narrowband Disturbance Rejection With an Application in Hard Disk Drives

A reset disturbance compensation scheme is developed to reject midfrequency narrowband disturbances, with an application to the hard disk drives (HDDs). Generally, disturbance at the midfrequency band is not effective to reject through the feedback control based on the internal-model principle or high gain control due to phase stability. This paper investigates a reset control scheme and its favorable approximate frequency response using the describing function. The reset control makes its gain-phase frequency response break through the fundamental Bode's constraint of linear time-invariant system and provides a maximal phase lead at desired frequencies without affecting gain's characteristic. With additional phase lead, the issue of phase stability can be solved. A reset midfrequency narrowband compensator is designed by incorporating the reset controller and a narrowband filter. The implementation on a real HDD servo system shows the removal of midfrequency disturbance due to disk vibration is improved by 50% compared with the linear control scheme, resulting in a track misregistration (TMR) reduction of 32%.
Reforming the National Framework for Environmental Policies in Saudi Arabia

The current framework for national environmental policies in Saudi Arabia suffers from overlapping authority, a slow decision-making process, gaps in legislation and implementation difficulties. The paper gives a brief assessment of the existing framework including: political culture; environmental decision making process; environmental institutions; and environmental awareness. This is followed by a proposal for reforming the current framework.The proposalcovers four main sectors: political culture and the public role; environmental decision making; environmental policies and laws; and institutional structure.
A post‐modern cultural competency framework for public administration and public service delivery

Purpose – The dramatic population growth of Hispanics and immigrants, combined with the issue of diversity, in the United States population raises several important questions about the future role of public administration and the delivery of culturally appropriate and culturally responsive public programs and public services in the post modern era of diversity. What is cultural competency in public programs and public service delivery? Can public agencies become culturally competent organizations? What is a cultural competency model for public administration and public service delivery? Aims to answer these questions that point to the need for a “new” kind of public servant and public service agency provider– one who possesses explicit cultural competency skills to work with racial/ethnic and cultural/linguistic groups in the delivery of public programs and public services.Design/methodology/approach – Utilizing a literature review approach, the paper examines the concept of culture in public administrati.
Elite athletes travelling to international destinations >5 time zone differences from their home country have a 2–3-fold increased risk of illness

Background Illness accounts for a significant proportion of consultations with a team physician travelling with elite athletes. Objective To determine if international travel increases the incidence of illness in rugby union players participating in a 16-week tournament. Setting 2010 Super 14 Rugby Union tournament. Participants 259 elite rugby players from eight teams were followed daily over the 16-week competition period (22 676 player-days). Assessment Team physicians completed a logbook detailing the daily squad size and illness in any player (system affected, final diagnosis, type and onset of symptoms, training/match days lost and suspected cause) with 100% compliance. Time periods during the tournament were divided as follows: located and playing in the home country before travelling (baseline), located and playing abroad in countries >5 h time zone difference (travel) and located back in the home country following international travel (return). Main outcome measurement Incidence of illness (illness per 1000 player-days) during baseline, travel and return. Results The overall incidence of illness in the cohort was 20.7 (95% CI 18.5 to 23.1). For all teams, the incidence of illness according to location and travelling was significantly higher in the time period following international travel (32.6; 95% CI 19.6 to 53.5) compared with the baseline (15.4; 95% CI 8.7 to 27.0) or after returning to their home country (10.6; 95% CI 6.1 to 18.2). Conclusions There is a higher incidence of illness in athletes following international travel to a foreign country that is >5 h time difference and this returns to baseline on return to the home country.
A Model of Efficient Discovery

We construct a model of pre-trial discovery and settlement negotiations in which, in reverse order: the trial is a zero-sum game that each party incurs a cost to play; the parties can avoid trial and its costs by settling on a payment from the defendant to the plaintiff; and before negotiating settlement, each party can discover imperfect sample information about the facts known privately by the other, where such discovery imposes costs on both parties. We use a linear model of the trial-game value as a function of the parties' one-dimensional privately known parameters; we use a mechanism-design formulation to ensure that the settlement process maximizes the expected avoided cost of trial; we use a Normal diffusion process (Brownian motion) to model the acquisition of sample information via discovery; and we assume that the parties' privately known parameters are drawn independently from a diffuse Normal distribution. The main result shows that the parties' ex ante expected gains from a joint plan of discovery are unaffected by their privately known parameters; hence, from a Coasian viewpoint, there is no intrinsic impediment to agreement initially on an efficient plan of discovery. That is, even though there are informational disparities between the parties, these have no effect on each party's calculation of the expected benefits and costs of a discovery plan, and therefore need not impede agreement on an efficient plan. However, a dynamic process of discovery is problematic because the parties' incentives at later stages are affected by the outcomes of prior discoveries, and indeed the amounts of discoveries can be strategic substitutes or complements depending on the prior evolution of discoveries. This indicates the importance of agreement in the initial conference with the judge on an efficient plan of discovery, with subsequent enforcement based on contingent strategies in which excessive discovery by one party precipitates further discovery by the other. These results for this particular model indicate that discovery is not inherently inefficient, but they also indicate that 'wars of discovery' are possible, especially when discoveries are undertaken sequentially. A subsidiary result is that each discovery benefits both parties (gross of the costs imposed) by reducing the risk of trial, although the discovering party tends to get the greater benefit because the discovery tilts the terms of settlement in his favor.
Political Trust and Petitioning in the Chinese Countryside

The paper examines the significance of distinguishing trust in government's commitment from trust in its competence for understanding the relationship between political trust and political participation. It finds that Chinese farmers have more trust in the central government's commitment to protect their rights and interests than in its capacity to do so. Trust in the Center's competence carries more weight than trust in its commitment in accounting for the propensity to petition. Petitioning tends to weaken trust the Center's capacity as well as trust in its commitment. Distrust of the Center's commitment enhances propensity to engage in more assertive forms of political participation.
Birth order: Self-injurious and suicidal behaviour among adolescents

A sample of 2553 children and adolescents in a psychiatry clinic in Germany were assessed using a structured interview inventory that included history of self-injurious behaviour, suicidal intent and socially disruptive and threatening behaviour, and diverse socio-demographic variables (the basis documentation or ‘Ba-Do’). Birth order was associated with both suicidal and self-injurious behaviour, middle children being most likely to exhibit such behaviour. Females were more than twice as likely to have self-injured than males. Comparisons of birth order groups within gender found no significant differences in suicidal behaviour between birth positions for males, however among females, middle children were much more likely to have attempted suicide. Conversely, there was no difference in self-injurious behaviour among birth positions in females, but among males, middle children were significantly more likely to have self-injured than firstborns, only children or lastborns. The number of siblings in the family was significantly correlated with both suicidal history (r = 0.12, p < 0.001) and self-injurious behaviour (r = 0.10, p < 0.001). The risk of suicidal behaviour was highest for those with four or more siblings.