Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Diagnostic Utility of Executive Function Assessments in the Identification of ADHD in Children.

BACKGROUND Deficits in executive functions have been widely reported to characterise individuals with ADHD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of a range of executive function measures for identifying children with ADHD. METHOD Eighty-three children with ADHD and 50 normally-developing children without ADHD were assessed on measures of inhibition, set-shifting, planning, problem-solving, response inhibition, sustained attention and working memory. Measures of sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and diagnostic odds ratios were calculated. RESULTS Executive function tasks effectively discriminated between children with and without ADHD. Measures of response inhibition and working memory contributed the most to the discriminant function. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive measures of executive function can be used to help identify children with ADHD and could be useful as additional diagnostic tools for clinical practitioners.
Electron-Proton Dynamics in Deep Learning

We study the efficacy of learning neural networks with neural networks by the (stochastic) gradient descent method. While gradient descent enjoys empirical success in a variety of applications, there is a lack of theoretical guarantees that explains the practical utility of deep learning. We focus on two-layer neural networks with a linear activation on the output node. We show that under some mild assumptions and certain classes of activation functions, gradient descent does learn the parameters of the neural network and converges to the global minima. Using a node-wise gradient descent algorithm, we show that learning can be done in finite, sometimes $poly(d,1/\epsilon)$, time and sample complexity.
Cooperative Access Class Barring for Machine-to-Machine Communications

Supporting trillions of devices is the critical challenge in machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, which results in severe congestions in random access channels of cellular systems that have been recognized as promising scenarios enabling M2M communications. 3GPP thus developed the access class barring (ACB) for individual stabilization in each base station (BS). However, without cooperations among BSs, devices within dense areas suffer severe access delays. To facilitate devices escaping from continuous congestions, we propose the cooperative ACB for global stabilization and access load sharing to eliminate substantial defects in the ordinary ACB, thus significantly improving access delays.
Goodwill Girls: Examining the Effectiveness of a Relational Aggression Intervention with Predominantly African American Females

ii Dedication . iv Acknowledgments . v Vita . vii List of Tables . xii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Statement of the Problem . 1 Purpose of the Study . 3 Significance of the Study . 5 Research Questions . 7 Limitations of the Study.8 Definition of Terms.10 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 12 Overview of Relational Aggression . 13 Research on Minority Females . 17 Ethnic Differences in Relational Aggression . 18 Relational Aggression in African American and European American Females . 25 Summary of Research on Minority Females . 31 Interventions Targeting Bullying . 33 Olweus Bullying Prevention Program . 33 Bullying Interventions . 36 Interventions Addressing Relational Aggression.41 Creating a Safe School/Ophelia Project . 42 Social Aggression Prevention Program . 45 Making Choices: Social Problem Skills for Children . 47 Friend to Friend Program . 49 Goodwill Girls . 51 xi Conclusion and Purpose of the Study . 54 Chapter 3: Methods . 56 Research Questions . 56 Research Design.57 Sample.58 Sampling Procedure . 59 Study Variables . 60 Demographic Variables . 60 Dependent Variables . 61 Independent Variables . 61 Instruments . 62 Children’s Social Behavior Scale-Self Report . 63 Peer Beliefs Inventory.64 Children’s Social Behavior ScaleTeacher Form . 64 Data Collection Procedures . 65 Issues with Validity.68 Data Analysis . 69 Descriptive Statistics . 70 Independent Samples T-Test.70 Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance.71 Chapter 4: Results.74 Descriptive Statistics . 74 Independent Samples T-Tests . 76 Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance.83 Chapter 5: Discussion . 86 Conclusion and Limitations . 89 Final Conclusions and Directions for Future Research . 92 References . 97 Appendix A: Demographic Information . 111 Appendix B: Goodwill Girls Curriculum Summary . 112
Twelve Years in the Evolution of the Internet Ecosystem

Our goal is to understand the evolution of the autonomous system (AS) ecosystem over the last 12 years. Instead of focusing on abstract topological properties, we classify ASs into a number of types depending on their function and business type. Furthermore, we consider the semantics of inter-AS links: customer-provider versus peering relations. We find that the available historic datasets from RouteViews and RIPE are not sufficient to infer the evolution of peering links, and so we restrict our focus to customer-provider links. Our findings highlight some important trends in the evolution of the Internet over the last 12 years and hint at what the Internet is heading toward. After an exponential increase phase until 2001, the Internet has settled into a slower exponential growth in terms of both ASs and inter-AS links. The growth is mostly due to enterprise networks and content/access providers at the periphery of the Internet. The average path length remains almost constant, mostly due to the increasing multihoming degree of transit and content/access providers. The AS types differ significantly from each other with respect to their rewiring activity; content/access providers are the most active. A few large transit providers act as “attractors” or “repellers” of customers. For many providers, strong attractiveness precedes strong repulsiveness by 3-9 months. Finally, in terms of regional growth, we find that the AS ecosystem is now larger and more dynamic in Europe than in North America.
CzEngVallex: a Bilingual Czech-English Valency Lexicon

Abstract This paper introduces a new bilingual Czech-English verbal valency lexicon (called CzEng-Vallex) representing a relatively large empirical database. It includes 20,835 aligned valency frame pairs (i.e., verb senses which are translations of each other) and their aligned arguments. This new lexicon uses data from the Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank and also takes advantage of the existing valency lexicons for both languages: the PDT-Vallex for Czech and the EngVallex for English. The CzEngVallex is available for browsing as well as for download in the LINDAT/CLARIN repository. The CzEngVallex is meant to be used not only by traditional linguists, lexicographers, translators but also by computational linguists both for the purposes of enriching theoretical linguistic accounts of verbal valency from a cross-linguistic perspective and for an innovative use in various NLP tasks.
Gluing Stability Conditions

Stability conditions Definition. A stability condition σ is given by a pair (Z, P ), where Z : K0(D) → C is a homomorphism from the Grothendieck group K0(D) of D, and P is a slicing. Such a slicing is given by a collection of subcategories P (φ) of semistable objects of phase φ for each φ ∈ R, where Hom(P (φ1), P (φ2)) = 0 for φ1 > φ2, and P (φ)[1] = P (φ + 1). For an object E ∈ P (φ) we will use the notation φ(E) = φ. Similarly to the case of vector bundles, for each object E of D there should exist a Harder-Narasimhan filtration (HN-filtration), i.e., a collection of exact triangles building E from the semistable factors E1, . , En (called the HN-factors of E), where φ(E1) > . > φ(En) (E1 → E is an analog of the subbundle of maximal phase, etc.).
Cannabinoid Modulation of Amygdala Reactivity to Social Signals of Threat in Humans

The cannabinoid (CB) system is a key neurochemical mediator of anxiety and fear learning in both animals and humans. The anxiolytic effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, are believed to be mediated through direct and selective agonism of CB1 receptors localized within the basolateral amygdala, a critical brain region for threat perception. However, little is known about the effects of THC on amygdala reactivity in humans. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a well validated task to probe amygdala responses to threat signals in 16 healthy, recreational cannabis users after a double-blind crossover administration of THC or placebo. We found that THC significantly reduced amygdala reactivity to social signals of threat but did not affect activity in primary visual and motor cortex. The current findings fit well with the notion that THC and other cannabinoids may have an anxiolytic role in central mechanisms of fear behaviors and provide a rationale for exploring novel therapeutic strategies that target the cannabinoid system for disorders of anxiety and social fear.
Effects of Earphone Style and Noise Environment on Listening Levels when Using Portable Music Players in the Laboratory

배경 및 목적: 최근 휴대용 음향기기의 사용이 증가하면서 청소년들에 대한 소음성 난청의 가능성이 증가하고 있다. 소음 환경에서 휴대용 음향기기를 사용할 경우에 평소보다 더 큰 소리를 듣게 되어 문제가 될 수 있다. 따라서 이번 연구에서는 이어폰 타입과 소음 환경이 선호청취크기에 미치는 영향을 연구하였으며, 나아가 청력 손상의 가능성이 적은 이어폰 종류가.
The role of linguistic context in children’s interpretation and acquisition of Cicewa idiomatic expressions: A systemic functional linguistics approach

Abstract Research findings have shown that linguistic context helps young children to infer the figurative meaning of an idiom and learn the meaning. In this study, the role of linguistic context in children’s interpretation and acquisition of idioms was tested in 20 Cicewa-speaking children aged 4, 6, 9, 12 and 14 years in three experiments. Experiment 1 tested children’s ability to interpret idiomatic expressions in story context, Experiment 2 tested children’s ability to interpret idiomatic expressions in sentence context and Experiment 3 tested children’s ability to interpret idiomatic expressions out of context. The study adopted Systemic Functional Linguistics to establish the role of linguistic context in children’s acquisition of Cicewa idioms. Our findings are: (1) Idioms are acquired as texts within the linguistic context in which they are produced and that linguistic context alone is not sufficient to facilitate idiom acquisition and interpretation. (2) Children come to know an idiomatic expression as a text before they understand the sociocultural context in which it is consumed. We argue that idioms are acquired as texts and they are acquired together with the sociocultural context in which they are produced and consumed, and therefore the sociocultural context forms part of the idioms.
A Member of the Dendritic Cell Family That Enters B Cell Follicles and Stimulates Primary Antibody Responses Identified by a Mannose Receptor Fusion Protein

Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to activate naive T cells to become effective helper cells. In addition, recent evidence suggests that DCs may influence naive B cells during the initial priming of antibody responses. In this study, using three-color confocal microscopy and three-dimensional immunohistograms, we have observed that in the first few days after a primary immunization, cells with dendritic morphology progressively localize within primary B cell follicles. These cells were identified by their ability to bind a fusion protein consisting of the terminal cysteine-rich portion of the mouse mannose receptor and the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 (CR-Fc). In situ, these CR-Fc binding cells express major histocompatibility complex class II, sialoadhesin, and CD11c and are negative for other markers identifying the myeloid DC lineage, such as (CD11b), macrophages (F4/80), follicular DCs (FDC-M2), B cells (B220), and T cells (CD4). Using CR-Fc binding capacity and flow cytometry, the cells were purified from the draining lymph nodes of mice 24 h after immunization. When injected into naive mice, these cells were able to prime T cells as well as induce production of antigen-specific IgM and IgG1. Furthermore, they produced significantly more of the lymphocyte chemoattractant, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, than isolated interdigitating cells. Taken together, these results provide evidence that a subset of DCs enters primary follicles, armed with the capacity to attract and provide antigenic stimulation for T and B lymphocytes.
Changing Degrees: Creation and Growth of New Kinds of Professional Doctorates

ABSTRACT Since 1990, new types of doctoral degrees—most in professions that never had doctorates before—surged into the higher education scene in the United States and elsewhere. In the United States, new “professional practice doctorates” were created in more than a dozen fields, and programs for these doctorates skyrocketed from near 0 in 2000 to about 650 by 2015. In some fields, aspiring professionals who once completed master’s degrees now either must or increasingly are expected to complete doctorates to enter practice. This article examines the creation and expansion of these doctorates and the forces driving them. Using comparative case-study analysis of 3 professional fields, the study revealed that professional associations or professional school administrators spearheaded the creation of new doctoral credentials. The study concluded that these associations or administrators did so primarily to increase the professions’ or practitioners’ status, autonomy, and income or to raise institutional standing—rather than to respond to labor market needs or more complex professional work environments. Once the new doctoral titles were established, many programs quickly converted from master’s degrees to doctoral awards, despite program costs and uncertainties. These new doctorates raise important policy questions about professional access, institutional resources, quality of client care, and the meaning of a doctorate.
SEA URCHIN BINDIN DIVERGENCE PREDICTS GAMETE COMPATIBILITY

Abstract Studies on the evolution of reproductive proteins have shown that they tend to evolve more rapidly than other proteins, frequently under positive selection. Progress on understanding the implications of these patterns is possible for marine invertebrates, where molecular evolution can be linked to gamete compatibility. In this study, we surveyed data from the literature from five genera of sea urchins for which there was information on gamete compatibility, divergence of the sperm-egg recognition protein bindin, and mitochondrial divergence. We draw three conclusions: (1) bindin divergence at nonsynonymous sites predicts gamete compatibility, whereas (2) bindin divergence at synonymous sites and mitochondrial DNA divergence do not, and (3) as few as 10 amino acid changes in bindin can lead to complete gamete incompatibility between species. Using mitochondrial divergence as a proxy for time, we find that complete gamete incompatibility can evolve in approximately one and a half million years, whereas sister species can maintain complete gamete compatibility for as long as five million years.
Infimal convolutions and lipschitzian properties of subdifferentials for prox-regular functions in hilbert spaces

We study infimal convolutions of extended-real-valued functions in Hilbert spaces paying a special attention to the rather broad and remarkable class of prox-regular functions. Such functions have been well recognized as highly important in many aspects of variational analysis and its applications in both finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional settings. Based on advanced variational techniques, we discover some new subdifferential properties of infimal convolutions and apply them to the study of Lipschitzian behavior of subdifferentials for prox-regular functions in Hilbert spaces. It is shown, in particular, that the fulfillment of a natural Lipschitz-like property for (set-valued) subdifferentials of prox-regular functions forces such functions, under weak assumptions, actually to be locally smooth with single-valued subdifferentials reduced to Lipschitz continuous gradient mappings.
Situational analysis of a therapeutic community milieu.

The reactions of patients and staff were investigated in a representative sample of daily settings in a psychiatric inpatient ward in order to assess the relative amounts of variance accounted for by settings, individual differences, modes of response, and their interactions. The results indicated that, for patients, individual differences accounted for more variance than setting differences, whereas, for staff, individual differences generally accounted for less variance than setting differences. Most importantly, the Individuals X Settings interactions generally accounted for approximately 20% of the total variance. It was concluded that individuals, settings, modes of response, and their interactions each contribute practically important proportions of total variance, and that each of these sources of variation must be sampled in attempts to measure and predict individual behavior.
Osmotin is a Homolog of Human Adiponectin and Controls Apoptosis in Yeast Through a Homolog of Human Adiponectin Receptor

, 140 words Total characters with spaces, 52,822 3 Summary The antifungal activity of the PR-5 family of plant defense proteins has been suspected to involve specific plasma membrane component(s) of the fungal target. Osmotin is a tobacco PR-5 family protein that induces apoptosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show here that the protein encoded by ORE20/PHO36 (YOL002c), a seven transmembrane domain receptor-like polypeptide that regulates lipid and phosphate metabolism, is an osmotin-binding plasma membrane protein that is required for full sensitivity to osmotin. PHO36 functions upstream of RAS2 in the osmotin-induced apoptotic pathway. The human homolog of PHO36 is a receptor for the hormone adiponectin and regulates cellular lipid and sugar metabolism. Osmotin and adiponectin, the corresponding 'receptor'-binding proteins, do not share sequence similarity.
PATERNAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS: LINKAGES WITH PATERNAL BEDTIME EMOTIONAL AVAILABILITY AND MATERNAL AND PATERNAL COPARENTING QUALITY

The following is a study on the relationships between paternal depressive symptoms and anxiety and paternal emotional availability and parental perceptions of coparenting. These variables were assessed in 167 families with infants at 5 time points: 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. It was hypothesized that paternal depressive symptoms and anxiety would relate to negative perceptions of coparenting quality for both the maternal and paternal figures, as well as relate negatively to paternal emotional availability (EA). Correlation analyses were run to test all hypotheses. Results: Paternal anxiety and depressive symptoms were related to more negative perceptions of coparenting overall at most time points for both maternal and paternal figures. Additionally, paternal depressive symptoms and anxiety were, at some time points, predictive of more negative maternal and paternal perceptions of coparenting at later time points. Paternal anxiety and depressive symptoms were significantly correlated with paternal EA at 6 months, both reflecting a relatively strong and negative correlation. This means that at 6 months, poor paternal mental health relates to poorer quality of being able to interact with emotional authenticity and presence with their infant. This indicates the need for more research examining these relationships at 6 months post-partum in the family and how it may impact these relationships.
Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and importance of perceived control: cohort study

Perceived control has convincingly been suggested to be a key concept in explaining socioeconomic differences in health.1 Some empirical evidence exists of a higher prevalence of low control beliefs (such as powerlessness or fatalism) in lower socioeconomic groups and that this is relevant to socioeconomic inequalities in general health.2 However, a systematic examination of the extent to which perceived control contributes to socioeconomic inequalities in mortality is lacking. This is important, as attention has recently shifted towards psychological and psychosocial explanations of socioeconomic inequalities in health. Data were collected in 1991 within the framework of a general population study of the health and living conditions of the population of Eindhoven and its surroundings (the GLOBE study). 3 We invited a random subsample for interview. The response rate was 80% and not related to demographic characteristics. Interviewdata were available for 1220 men and 1242 women aged 25-74 (51 on …
The Impact of Mobile Wireless Technology on Student Attitudes in Higher Education Classrooms

Our research employed both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies to explore the impact of mobile wireless technology (MWT) on student attitudes. This study provided empirical evidence that in higher education classrooms where MWT was used on a regular basis, the robustness of supporting infrastructure played an important role in positively or negatively influencing student attitudes. In classrooms where MWT devices were used for special purpose applications, perceived MWT value, as well as the relationship between MWT usage and grades, was found to impact on student attitudes. This study also found that previous MWT experience did not necessarily impact on student attitudes towards MWT and MWT usage.
Potential lifetime cost-effectiveness of catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation in patients with resistant hypertension.

AIMS Recent studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) for the treatment of resistant hypertension. We aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of this approach separately for men and women of different ages. METHODS AND RESULTS A Markov state-transition model accounting for costs, life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness was developed to compare RDN with best medical therapy (BMT) in patients with resistant hypertension. The model ran from age 30 to 100 years or death, with a cycle length of 1 year. The efficacy of RDN was modelled as a reduction in the risk of hypertension-related disease events and death. Analyses were conducted from a payer's perspective. Costs and QALYs were discounted at 3% annually. Both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. When compared with BMT, RDN gained 0.98 QALYs in men and 0.88 QALYs in women 60 years of age at an additional cost of €2589 and €2044, respectively. As the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios increased with patient age, RDN consistently yielded more QALYs at lower costs in lower age groups. Considering a willingness-to-pay threshold of €35 000/QALY, there was a 95% probability that RDN would remain cost-effective up to an age of 78 and 76 years in men and women, respectively. Cost-effectiveness was influenced mostly by the magnitude of effect of RDN on systolic blood pressure, the rate of RDN non-responders, and the procedure costs of RDN. CONCLUSION Renal sympathetic denervation is a cost-effective intervention for patients with resistant hypertension. Earlier treatment produces better cost-effectiveness ratios.