Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus)

Sea ice is believed to be a major factor shaping gene flow for polar marine organisms, but it remains unclear to what extent it represents a true barrier to dispersal for arctic cetaceans. Bowhead whales are highly adapted to polar sea ice and were targeted by commercial whalers throughout Arctic and subarctic seas for at least four centuries, resulting in severe reductions in most areas. Both changing ice conditions and reductions due to whaling may have affected geographic distribution and genetic diversity throughout their range, but little is known about range-wide genetic structure or whether it differed in the past. This study represents the first examination of genetic diversity and differentiation across all five putative stocks, including Baffin Bay-Davis Strait, Hudson Bay-Foxe Basin, Bering-Beaufort-Chukchi, Okhotsk, and Spitsbergen. We also utilized ancient specimens from Prince Regent Inlet (PRI) in the Canadian Arctic and compared them with modern stocks. Results from analysis of molecular variance and demographic simulations are consistent with recent and high gene flow between Atlantic and Pacific stocks in the recent past. Significant genetic differences between ancient and modern populations suggest PRI harbored unique maternal lineages in the past that have been recently lost, possibly due to loss of habitat during the Little Ice Age and/or whaling. Unexpectedly, samples from this location show a closer genetic relationship with modern Pacific stocks than Atlantic, supporting high gene flow between the central Canadian Arctic and Beaufort Sea over the past millennium despite extremely heavy ice cover over much of this period.
Emission lines and optical continuum in low - luminosity radio galaxies

We present spectroscopic observations of a complete subsample of 13 low-luminosity radio galaxies selected from the 2-Jy sample of Tadhunter et al. The underlying continuum in these sources was carefully modelled in order to make a much-needed comparison between the emission-line and continuum properties of Fanaroff-Riley type Is (FRIs) and those of other classes of radio sources. We find that five galaxies in the sample show a measurable ultraviolet (UV) excess: two of these sources are BL Lacs, but in the remaining three galaxies we argue that the most likely contributor to the UV excess is a young stellar component. Therefore, excluding the BL Lacs, we find that ∼30 per cent of the sample show evidence for young stars, which is similar to the results obtained for higher luminosity samples. We compare our results with far-infrared measurements in order to investigate the far-infrared-starburst link. The nature of the optical-radio correlations is investigated in light of these new available data and, in contrast to previous studies, we find that the FRI sources follow the correlations with similar slopes to those found for the Fanaroff-Riley type IIs. Finally, we compare the luminosities of the emission lines in the FRI and BL Lac sources and find a significant difference between the [O III] line luminosities of the two groups. Our results are discussed in the context of the unified schemes for low-powered radio sources.
Rapid changes in key ruminal microbial populations during the induction of and recovery from diet-induced milk fat depression in dairy cows

The ruminant provides a powerful model for understanding the temporal dynamics of gastrointestinal microbial communities. Diet-induced milk fat depression (MFD) in the dairy cow is caused by rumen-derived bioactive fatty acids, and is commonly attributed to the changes in the microbial population. The aim of the present study was to determine the changes occurring in nine ruminal bacterial taxa with well-characterised functions, and abundance of total fungi, ciliate protozoa and bacteria during the induction of and recovery from MFD. Interactions between treatment and time were observed for ten of the twelve populations. The total number of both fungi and ciliate protozoa decreased rapidly (days 4 and 8, respectively) by more than 90 % during the induction period and increased during the recovery period. The abundance of Streptococcus bovis (amylolytic) peaked at 350 % of control levels on day 4 of induction and rapidly decreased during the recovery period. The abundance of Prevotella bryantii (amylolytic) decreased by 66 % from day 8 to 20 of the induction period and increased to the control levels on day 12 of the recovery period. The abundance of Megasphaera elsdenii and Selenomonas ruminantium (lactate-utilising bacteria) increased progressively until day 12 of induction (>170 %) and decreased during the recovery period. The abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes (fibrolytic) decreased by 97 % on day 4 of induction and increased progressively to an equal extent during the recovery period, although smaller changes were observed for other fibrolytic bacteria. The abundance of the Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens/Pseudobutyrivibrio group decreased progressively during the induction period and increased during the recovery period, whereas the abundance of Butyrivibrio hungatei was not affected by treatment. Responsive taxa were modified rapidly, with the majority of changes occurring within 8 d and their time course was similar to the time course of the induction of MFD, demonstrating a strong correlation between changes in ruminal microbial populations and MFD.
A brief survey of automatic methods for author name disambiguation

Name ambiguity in the context of bibliographic citation records is a hard problem that affects the quality of services and content in digital libraries and similar systems. The challenges of dealing with author name ambiguity have led to a myriad of disambiguation methods. Generally speaking, the proposed methods usually attempt to group citation records of a same author by finding some similarity among them or try to directly assign them to their respective authors. Both approaches may either exploit supervised or unsupervised techniques. In this article, we propose a taxonomy for characterizing the current author name disambiguation methods described in the literature, present a brief survey of the most representative ones and discuss several open challenges.
Practice change in environmental education: lessons from professional development

Abstract The field of environmental education (EE) strives to develop innovative practices to address emergent issues such as equity, climate change, and urbanization. Through facilitating workshops and ongoing networks for the exchange of ideas, professional development programs may foster innovation or practice change among environmental educators. This study investigates change in practice among environmental educators who participated in one of three online and face-to-face professional development programs. Drawing from practice theory, we measured elements of EE practice including goals, audiences, settings, activities, resources, and ideas. The results showed that across all three programs participants incorporated new resources and ideas into their practices whereas changes in other practice elements varied among programs. Participants in all three programs produced eBooks or ongoing networks that can be used as indicators of practice innovation. This study suggests that practice theory can be used to inform studies of professional development outcomes and examine EE practice, but that practice innovations may be more readily measured at the group rather than individual level.
Pesticides and Parkinson’s Disease—Is There a Link?

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an idiopathic disease of the nervous system characterized by progressive tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. It has been postulated that exogenous toxicants, including pesticides, might be involved in the etiology of PD. In this article we present a comprehensive review of the published epidemiologic and toxicologic literature and critically evaluate whether a relationship exists between pesticide exposure and PD. From the epidemiologic literature, there does appear to be a relatively consistent relationship between pesticide exposure and PD. This relationship appears strongest for exposure to herbicides and insecticides, and after long durations of exposure. Toxicologic data suggest that paraquat and rotenone may have neurotoxic actions that potentially play a role in the development of PD, with limited data for other pesticides. However, both the epidemiology and toxicology studies were limited by methodologic weaknesses. Particular issues of current and future interest include multiple exposures (both pesticides and other exogenous toxicants), developmental exposures, and gene–environment interactions. At present, the weight of evidence is sufficient to conclude that a generic association between pesticide exposure and PD exists but is insufficient for concluding that this is a causal relationship or that such a relationship exists for any particular pesticide compound or combined pesticide and other exogenous toxicant exposure.
Proof nets with explicit negation for multiplicative linear logic

Multiplicative linear logic MLL was introduced in Gi as a onesided sequent calculus linear negation is a notion that is dened via De Morgan identities One obtains proof nets for MLL by identifying derivations in the onesided calculus that are equal up to a permutation of inference rules In this paper we consider a similar quotient for the formulation of MLL as a two-sided sequent calculus to the usual set of links we add links also for the left rules As a consequence negation need no longer be dened but can be treated as a basic connective We develop the fundamental theory substructures empires and sequentialization for this variation on the notion of proof net and show how to obtain Girards sequentialization theorem for the standard proof nets in onesided sequent calculus as a corollar
The Pro-Environmental Behaviour of Employee in an Apparel Manufacturing Organization in Nuwara-Eliya District of Sri Lanka

The pro-environmental behaviour of employee is a key employee behaviour in the workplace in the context of green organizational behaviour. In general, there are many internal and external factors which promote pro-environmental behaviour of employee. In this context, objective of this paper is to examine the impact of internal and external factors on proenvironmental behaviour of employee in the workplace. Based on the literature review, relevant internal and external factors which can predict pro-environmental behaviour of employee in the workplace were identified. Internal factors include social norms, personal norms and attitude toward pro-environmental behaviour and external factors consist of situational factors, leadership behaviour and leadership support. The primary data were collected through questionnaire from 130 respondents from a selected apparel manufacturing organization in Nuwara-Eliya District of Sri Lanka to achieve the research objective. In order to achieve the study objective, this study applied univariate, correlation and regression analyses. Findings of the study show that both internal and external factors have positive impact on pro-environmental behaviour of employee individually, however in the overall model, only the external factors have positive and significant impact on proenvironmental behaviour of employees. The findings of this study are useful in understanding the impact of selected internal and external factors on pro-environmental behaviour of employee in apparel manufacturing organizations. Key Words: Pro-environmental Behaviour, Internal Factors, External Factors
The influence of procedural justice on citizen satisfaction with state law enforcement

There are a number of individual and contextual variables that influence public opinion of the police but we know little about the public opinion regarding state law enforcement agencies. Prior studies involving municipal police and other criminal justice agencies indicate that the perceptions of procedural justice, or fair treatment, are important predictors of citizen satisfaction with police services. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether individuals who perceive procedurally just treatment during their contact with a state patrol officer improve the levels of satisfaction with the state patrol. ,This paper presents the results of a public opinion study (n=846) regarding the Colorado State Patrol conducted in 2009. A subsample of 393 individuals who had contact with the state patrol and were further surveyed about their contact with the officer. Logistic regression models were used to examine individual- and contextual-level variables influence satisfaction with the state patrol and whether this relationship was mediated by the perceptions of procedural justice. ,The authors found that individuals who perceive higher levels of procedural justice expressed higher satisfaction with the state patrol. Females, older respondents, and non-white respondents expressed greater satisfaction, as well as those who had voluntary contact or were not arrested. More importantly, procedural justice mediated the effect of involuntary contact and arrest on levels of satisfaction, and while non-white respondents were less likely to experience procedural justice, when levels of procedural justice are controlled for, they have higher levels of satisfaction. ,The findings emphasize the significance of citizen perceptions of procedural justice during contacts with members of the state patrol. The current study contributes to our knowledge of procedural justice and citizen satisfaction with police encounters given previous research on citizen satisfaction with police focuses almost exclusively on local-level agencies, and research on procedural justice asks the respondents almost exclusively about the police in general.
Design, fabrication, and implementation of self-sealing suction cup arrays for grasping

Suction cups have long been used as a means to grasp and manipulate objects. They enable active control of grasp, enhance grasp stability, and handle some objects such as large flat plates more easily than standard graspers. However, the application of suction cups to object manipulation has been confined to a relatively small, well-defined problem set. Their potential for grasping a large range of unknown objects remains relatively unexplored. This seems in part due to the complexity involved with the design and fabrication of various materials comprising the grasper as well as actuators used to enable grasping. This paper introduces the design of a suction cup that is “self-selecting. ” In other words, the suction cups comprising the grasper do not exert any suction force when the cup(s) are not in contact with the object, but instead exert a suction force only when they are in physical contact with the object. Since grasping is achieved purely by passive means, the cost and weight associated with individual sensors, valves, and/or actuators are essentially eliminated. Furthermore, the design permits the use of a central vacuum pump, thereby maximizing the suction force on an object and enabling some suction on surfaces that may prohibit tight seals. This paper presents the design, analysis, fabrication, and experimental results of such a “self-selecting” suction cup array.
Automaticity , Attention and the Strength of Processing : A Parallel Distributed Processing Account of the Stroop Effect

A growing body of evidence suggests that traditional views of automaticity are in need of revision. For example, aut omaticity has often been treated as an all-or-none phenomenon, and traditional theories have held that automatic processes are independent of attention. Yet recent empirical data suggest that automatic processes are continuous, and furthermore are subject to attentional control. In this paper we prese nt a model of attention which addresses these issues. Using a parallel distributed processing framework we propose that the attributes of automaticity depend upon the strength of a process and that strength increases with training. Using the Stroop effect as an example, we show how automatic processes are continuous and emerge gradually with practice. Specifically, we present a computational model of the Stroop task which simulates the ime course of processing as well as the effects of learning. This is done by combining the cascade mechanism described by McClelland (1979) with the back propagation learning algorithm (Rumelhart, Hinton, & Williams, 1986). The model is able to simulate performance in the standard Stroop task, as well as aspects of performance in variants of this task which manipulate SOA, response set, and degree of practice. In the discussion we contrast our model with other models, and indicate how it relates to many of the central i ssues in the literature on attention, automaticity, and interference. Cohen, Dunbar & McClelland Automaticity and Stroop 3
Gravity's Rainbow

Non-linear special relativity (or doubly special relativity) is a simple framework for encoding properties of ﬂat quantum space-time. In this paper we show how this formalism may be generalized to incorporate curvature (leading to what might be called “doubly general relativity”). We ﬁrst propose a dual to non-linear realizations of relativity in momentum space, and show that for such a dual the spacetime invariant is an energy-dependent metric. This leads to an energy-dependent connection and curvature, and a simple modiﬁcation to Einstein’s equations. We then examine solutions to these equations. We ﬁnd the counterpart to the cosmological metric, and show how cosmologies based upon our theory of gravity may solve the “horizon problem”. We discuss the Schwarzschild solution, examining the conditions for which the horizon is energy dependent. We ﬁnally ﬁnd the weak ﬁeld limit.
Patients’ Dignity and Its Relationship with Contextual Variables: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Dignity is considered as fundamental human needs and recognized as one of the central concepts in nursing science. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which patients’ dignity is respected and to evalutae its relationship with contextual variables. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 256 hospitalized patients in the two teaching hospitals affiliated to Zanjan University of medical sciences, Iran. Data were collected by a questionnaire consist of two sections: (a) demographic characteristics, and (b) patient dignity including 32 questions. Data were analyzed by SPSS (ver.13) software using independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Results: The result showed that the mean (standard deviation) of total score of patient’s dignity was 108.17 (25.28). According to the result, the majority of the respondents (76.2%) were not aware of patient’s rights. There was a significant difference in mean scores of total dignity between single and married persons, living in city or village, and hospitalization in Moosavi and Valiasr hospital. Conclusion: Health care systems should take the provision of the patients' dignity into account through using a comprehensive educational program for informing of patient, family members, and health professionals about patients’ dignity.
Bayesian calibrated significance levels applied to the spectral tilt and hemispherical asymmetry

Bayesian model selection provides a formal method of determining the level of support for new parameters in a model. However, if there is not a specific enough underlying physical motivation for the new parameters it can be hard to assign them meaningful priors, an essential ingredient of Bayesian model selection. Here we look at methods maximizing the prior so as to work out what is the maximum support the data could give for the new parameters. If the maximum support is not high enough then one can confidently conclude that the new parameters are unnecessary without needing to worry that some other prior may make them significant. We discuss a computationally efficient means of doing this which involves mapping p–valuesonto upper bounds of the Bayes factor (or odds) for the new parameters. A p–value of 0.05 (1.96�) corresponds to odds less than or equal to 5:2 which is below the ‘weak’ support at best threshold. A p–value of 0.0003 (3.6�) corresponds to odds of less than or equal to 150:1 which is the ‘strong’ support at best threshold. Applying this method we find that the odds on the scalar spectral index being different from one are 49:1 at best. We also find that the odds that there is primordial hemispherical asymmetry in the cosmic microwave background are 9:1 at best.
The Light at the End of the Tunnel: Temporal Distancing and Academic Attitudes

THE LIGHT AT THE END OF THE TUNNEL: TEMPORAL DISTANCING AND ACADEMIC ATTITUDES by Tessa M. Benson-Greenwald Temporal distancing, the act of thinking about events or experiences from a broader time perspective, has been shown to improve well-being through reduced distress and avoidance as well as increased positive affect (Bruehlman-Senecal & Ayduk, 2015). The effect of temporal distancing on reduced avoidance suggests that it may be a useful strategy to adopt for goal pursuit, especially for students at risk for attrition (e.g., women in STEM). Participants were asked to identify a stressor and randomly assigned to detail the impact of it on their lives in either the near or distant future. Thinking about their stressor from the distant future increased major commitment only for women in STEM as revealed by post hoc contrasts. For these participants, the distant future perspective increased a focus on the transience of the stressor/stress reaction (impermanence) and their reasons for pursuing a degree in their major (purpose). However, purpose emerged as a unique mechanism through which temporal distancing affects major commitment for female STEM majors. THE LIGHT AT THE END OF THE TUNNEL: TEMPORAL DISTANCING AND ACADEMIC ATTITUDES
Wild Type Beta-2 Microglobulin and DE Loop Mutants Display a Common Fibrillar Architecture

Beta-2 microglobulin (β2m) is the protein responsible for a pathologic condition known as dialysis related amyloidosis. In recent years an important role has been assigned to the peptide loop linking strands D and E (DE loop) in determining β2m stability and amyloid propensity. Several mutants of the DE loop have been studied, showing a good correlation between DE loop geometrical strain, protein stability and aggregation propensity. However, it remains unclear whether the aggregates formed by wild type (wt) β2m and by the DE loop variants are of the same kind, or whether the mutations open new aggregation pathways. In order to address this question, fibrillar samples of wt and mutated β2m variants have been analysed by means of atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The data here reported indicate that the DE loop mutants form aggregates with morphology and structural organisation very similar to the wt protein. Therefore, the main effect of β2m DE loop mutations is proposed to stem from the different stabilities of the native fold. Considerations on the structural role of the DE loop in the free monomeric β2m and as part of the Major Histocompatibility Complex are also presented.