Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Addressing biased occurrence data in predicting potential Sierra Nevada red fox habitat for survey prioritization

The Sierra Nevada red fox Vulpes vulpes necator is listed as a threatened species under the California Endangered Species Act. It originally occurred throughout California's Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountain regions. Its current distribution is unknown but should be determined in order to guide management actions. We used occurrence data from the only known population, in the Lassen Peak region of northern California, combined with climatic and remotely sensed variables, to predict the species' potential distribution throughout its historic range. These model predictions can guide future surveys to locate additional fox populations. Moreover, they allow us to compare the rel- ative performances of presence-absence (logistic regression) and presence-only (maximum entropy, or Maxent) modeling approaches using occurrence data with potential false absences and geograph- ical biases. We also evaluated the recently revised Maxent algorithm that reduces the effect of geo- graphically biased occurrence data by subsetting background pixels to match biases in the occur- rence data. Within the Lassen Peak region, all models had good fit to the test data, with high values for the true skill statistic (76-83%), percent correctly classified (86-92%), and area under the curve (0.94-0.96), with Maxent models yielding slightly higher values. Outside the Lassen Peak region, the logistic regression model yielded the highest predictive performance, providing the closest match to the fox's historic range and also predicting a site where red foxes were subsequently detected in autumn 2010. Subsetting background pixels in Maxent reduced but did not eliminate the effect that geographically biased occurrence data had on prediction results relative to the Maxent model using full background pixels.
Effect of Metronidazole Resistance on Bacterial Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Infected Children

ABSTRACT A prospective study was performed with 23 Helicobacter pylori-infected children (mean age, 9.5 ± 4.4 years) with clinical symptoms of gastritis and positive results of culture and histologic examination of gastric biopsy specimens to evaluate the influence of antibiotic resistance on eradication. Positive children were treated for 4 weeks with lansoprazole and for 2 weeks with either amoxicillin-metronidazole or spiramycin (a macrolide)-metronidazole. At endoscopy 1 month after the discontinuation of therapy, the eradication rate and improvement of histologically related gastritis were significantly dependent on the susceptibility or the resistance of the infecting organism to metronidazole (83 versus 17% and 88 versus 16.6%, respectively). Pretreatment determination of the susceptibility is appropriate in any anti-H. pylori regimen, including one with metronidazole.
MEP and planetary climates: insights from a two-box climate model containing atmospheric dynamics

A two-box model for equator-to-pole planetary heat transport is extended to include simple atmospheric dynamics. The surface drag coefficient CD is treated as a free parameter and solutions are calculated analytically in terms of the dimensionless planetary parameters η (atmospheric thickness), ω (rotation rate) and ξ (advective capability). Solutions corresponding to maximum entropy production (MEP) are compared with solutions previously obtained from dynamically unconstrained two-box models. As long as the advective capability ξ is sufficiently large, dynamically constrained MEP solutions are identical to dynamically unconstrained MEP solutions. Consequently, the addition of a dynamical constraint does not alter the previously obtained MEP results for Earth, Mars and Titan, and an analogous result is presented here for Venus. The rate of entropy production in an MEP state is shown to be independent of rotation rate if the advective capability ξ is sufficiently large (as for the four examples in the solar system), or if the rotation rate ω is sufficiently small. The model indicates, however, that the dynamical constraint does influence the MEP state when ξ is small, which might be the case for some extrasolar planets. Finally, results from the model developed here are compared with previous numerical simulations in which the effect of varying surface drag coefficient on entropy production was calculated.
Outcomes and prognostic factors for Ewing-family tumors of the extremities.

BACKGROUND There are few published studies describing the clinical results of patients uniformly treated for a Ewing-family tumor of an extremity. METHODS We performed a review of patients who had received uniform treatment consisting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery and/or radiation therapy as local treatment, and then adjuvant chemotherapy from June 2003 to November 2011 at a single institution. RESULTS There were 158 patients included in the study. The median age was fifteen years. Sixty-nine (44%) of the patients had metastatic disease at presentation. Fifty-seven patients underwent surgery, and forty-one received radical radiation therapy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After a median of 24.3 months (range, 1.6 to ninety-seven months) of follow-up, the five-year event-free survival, overall survival, and local control rates (and standard error) were 24.1% ± 4.3%, 43.5% ± 6%, and 55% ± 6.8%, respectively, for the entire cohort and 36.4% ± 6.2%, 57.6% ± 7.4%, and 58.2% ± 7.9%, respectively, for patients without metastases. In the multivariate analysis, metastases predicted inferior event-free survival (p = 0.02) and overall survival (p = 0.03) rates in the entire cohort, whereas radical radiation therapy predicted an inferior local control rate in the entire cohort (p = 0.001) and in patients without metastases (p = 0.04). In the group with localized disease, there was no difference between the patients who received radical radiation therapy and those who underwent surgery with regard to tumor diameter (p = 0.8) or post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy response (p = 0.1). A white blood cell count (WBC) of >11 × 109/L predicted inferior event-free survival (p = 0.005) and local control (p = 0.02) rates for patients without metastases. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the largest study on extremity Ewing-family tumors treated with uniform chemotherapy and either surgical resection or radical radiation therapy in Asia. All possible efforts should be made to resect a primary tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, as radical radiation therapy alone results in a poor local control rate despite a good post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy response. Patients without metastases but with a high WBC had inferior event-free survival and local control rates and may require more aggressive therapy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Influence of Social Presence on User-to-User Support Procedures

More and more companies allow users to bring their own IT devices to the workplace. As a result, an increased heterogeneity of hard- and software makes it challenging to deliver central IT support. Therefore, employees might increasingly rely on the help of their colleagues. In such a user-to-user support scenario, traditional communication media such as text chat and telephone are used. In this context, we set out to investigate the effects of social presence, i.e. the feeling of human warmth, in a laboratory experiment. While this feeling of human contact is assumed to be important in an increasingly digitized world, our findings could not confirm this hypothesis. In contrast to the media richness theory, our study shows that audio compared to text chat has no impact on social presence and no subsequent effect on trust. However, we could confirm the relationship of social presence on enjoyment and show that trust leads facilitates information gathering. Our findings may be limited due to the use of an answer script of the human support playing a colleague as counterpart for the participants. We relate our shortcomings to theory and provide potential avenues for future experimental studies on user-to-user support.
Hemogenic endothelium generates mesoangioblasts that contribute to several mesodermal lineages in vivo

The embryonic endothelium is a known source of hematopoietic stem cells. Moreover, vessel-associated progenitors/stem cells with multilineage mesodermal differentiation potential, such as the ‘embryonic mesoangioblasts’, originate in vitro from the endothelium. Using a genetic lineage tracing approach, we show that early extra-embryonic endothelium generates, in a narrow time-window and prior to the hemogenic endothelium in the major embryonic arteries, hematopoietic cells that migrate to the embryo proper, and are subsequently found within the mesenchyme. A subpopulation of these cells, distinct from embryonic macrophages, co-expresses mesenchymal and hematopoietic markers. In addition, hemogenic endothelium-derived cells contribute to skeletal and smooth muscle, and to other mesodermal cells in vivo, and display features of embryonic mesoangioblasts in vitro. Therefore, we provide new insights on the distinctive characteristics of the extra-embryonic and embryonic hemogenic endothelium, and we identify the putative in vivo counterpart of embryonic mesoangioblasts, suggesting their identity and developmental ontogeny.
Therapeutic Alliance Ruptures and Resolution in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder

A good therapeutic alliance is critical for treatment outcome, and therefore research on how to resolve alliance ruptures is important. The current review focused on 21 articles not included in previous reviews, and aimed to address two questions. First, beyond recent reviews of the literature, what have been the theoretical developments for how alliance ruptures are resolved? Second, is there empirical evidence supporting these ideas? The first question was discussed in relation to: acknowledgement of the rupture; use of countertransference versus interpretation; and the use of images and specific therapeutic models applied to rupture resolution. Reviewed literature included articles that applied task analysis to building models of rupture resolution. Issues related to study design, measurement, sampling and analysis were discussed. Despite methodological limitations across studies, rupture resolution models derived from a range of therapeutic orientations shared commonalities. A degree of rupture recognition, whether explicit or internally by the therapist, was advocated. Negotiation and exploration or linking with other experiences was proposed, as was identification of alternative behaviours. All models advocated for rupture resolution as a collaborative process. Recommendations for future research and implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Resting-State Retinotopic Organization in the Absence of Retinal Input and Visual Experience

Early visual areas have neuronal receptive fields that form a sampling mosaic of visual space, resulting in a series of retinotopic maps in which the same region of space is represented in multiple visual areas. It is not clear to what extent the development and maintenance of this retinotopic organization in humans depend on retinal waves and/or visual experience. We examined the corticocortical receptive field organization of resting-state BOLD data in normally sighted, early blind, and anophthalmic (in which both eyes fail to develop) individuals and found that resting-state correlations between V1 and V2/V3 were retinotopically organized for all subject groups. These results show that the gross retinotopic pattern of resting-state connectivity across V1-V3 requires neither retinal waves nor visual experience to develop and persist into adulthood. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Evidence from resting-state BOLD data suggests that the connections between early visual areas develop and are maintained even in the absence of retinal waves and visual experience.
Human brain activation during passive listening to sounds from different locations: An fMRI and MEG study

Recent animal and human studies indicate the existence of a neural pathway for sound localization, which is similar to the “where” pathway of the visual system and distinct from the sound identification pathway. This study sought to highlight this pathway using a passive listening protocol. We employed fMRI to study cortical areas, activated during the processing of sounds coming from different locations, and MEG to disclose the temporal dynamics of these areas. In addition, the hypothesis of different activation levels in the right and in the left hemispheres, due to hemispheric specialization of the human brain, was investigated. The fMRI results indicate that the processing of sound, coming from different locations, activates a complex neuronal circuit, similar to the sound localization system described in monkeys known as the auditory “where” pathway. This system includes Heschl's gyrus, the superior temporal gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus, and the inferior and middle frontal lobe. The MEG analysis allowed assessment of the timing of this circuit: the activation of Heschl's gyrus was observed 139 ms after the auditory stimulus, the peak latency of the source located in the superior temporal gyrus was at 156 ms, and the inferior parietal lobule and the supramarginal gyrus peaked at 162 ms. Both hemispheres were found to be involved in the processing of sounds coming from different locations, but a stronger activation was observed in the right hemisphere. Hum. Brain Mapping, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship of Ambulatory Blood Pressure and the Heart Rate Profile with Renal Function Parameters in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Strict blood pressure (BP) control is reportedly important for the management of hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether the variables of ambulatory BP and the heart rate (HR) profile, central hemodynamics, and arterial stiffness were closely related to the renal function parameters (urine albumin excretion rate [UACR] and estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) observed in 25 consecutive hospitalized hypertensive patients with CKD. There were significant positive relationships between UACR and 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime ambulatory systolic BP. In addition, there were significant negative relationships between UACR and 24-hour and daytime HR variability. The circulating B-type natriuretic peptide level and hemoglobin A1c were also positively related to UACR. With respect to eGFR, although the 24-hour and nighttime HR variability were positively associated with eGFR, the circulating pentosidine and nighttime HR had a negative relationship with eGFR. On the other hand, central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness did not exhibit any significant association with renal function parameters. These results indicate that ambulatory BP and the HR profile are closely modulated by renal function deterioration. Further studies are needed to investigate the causal relationship between ambulatory BP and the HR profile and renal function parameters in hypertensive patients with CKD.
Postural Assessment Software (PAS/SAPO): Validation and Reliabiliy

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to estimate the accuracy of the postural assessment software (PAS/SAPO) for measurement of corporal angles and distances as well as the inter- and intra-rater reliabilities. INTRODUCTION: Postural assessment software was developed as a subsidiary tool for postural assessment. It is easy to use and available in the public domain. Nonetheless, validation studies are lacking. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 88 pictures from 22 subjects, and each subject was assessed twice (1 week interval) by 5 blinded raters. Inter- and intra-rater reliabilities were estimated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. To estimate the accuracy of the software, an inanimate object was marked with hallmarks using pre-established parameters. Pictures of the object were rated, and values were checked against the known parameters. RESULTS: Inter-rater reliability was excellent for 41% of the variables and very good for 35%. Ten percent of the variables had acceptable reliability, and 14% were defined as non-acceptable. For intra-rater reliability, 44.8% of the measurements were considered to be excellent, 23.5% were very good, 12.4% were acceptable and 19.3% were considered non-acceptable. Angular measurements had a mean error analisys of 0.11°, and the mean error analisys for distance was 1.8 mm. DISCUSSION: Unacceptable intraclass correlation coefficient values typically used the vertical line as a reference, and this may have increased the inaccuracy of the estimates. Increased accuracies were obtained by younger raters with more sophisticated computer skills, suggesting that past experience influenced results. CONCLUSION: The postural assessment software was accurate for measuring corporal angles and distances and should be considered as a reliable tool for postural assessment.
Tunes of Impairment: An Ethnomusicology of Disability

"Tunes of Impairment: An Ethnomusicology of Disability" contemplates the theory and methodology of disability studies in music, a sub-field currently in only its earliest phase of development. The article employs as its test case the field of Western art ("classical") music and examines the reasons for the near total exclusion from training and participation in music performance and composition by people with disabilities. Among the issues around which the case is built are left-handedness as a disability; gender construction in classical music and its interface with disability; canon formation, the classical notion of artistic perfection and its analogy to the flawless (unimpaired) body; and technological and organizational accommodations in music-making present and future.
The Complexity Vision and the Teaching of Economics

This ground-breaking book focuses on the implications of the complexity vision, such as that held by economists at the Santa Fe Institute, for the teaching of economics. This complexity vision suggests that answers to questions such as how do markets develop and how do they evolve need to be approached head on. Complexity economics is beginning to do just that.
Hormone levels predict individual differences in reproductive success in a passerine bird

Hormones mediate major physiological and behavioural components of the reproductive phenotype of individuals. To understand basic evolutionary processes in the hormonal regulation of reproductive traits, we need to know whether, and during which reproductive phases, individual variation in hormone concentrations relates to fitness in natural populations. We related circulating concentrations of prolactin and corticosterone to parental behaviour and reproductive success during both the pre-breeding and the chick-rearing stages in both individuals of pairs of free-living house sparrows, Passer domesticus. Prolactin and baseline corticosterone concentrations in pre-breeding females, and prolactin concentrations in pre-breeding males, predicted total number of fledglings. When the strong effect of lay date on total fledgling number was corrected for, only pre-breeding baseline corticosterone, but not prolactin, was negatively correlated with the reproductive success of females. During the breeding season, nestling provisioning rates of both sexes were negatively correlated with stress-induced corticosterone levels. Lastly, individuals of both sexes with low baseline corticosterone before and high baseline corticosterone during breeding raised the most offspring, suggesting that either the plasticity of this trait contributes to reproductive success or that high parental effort leads to increased hormone concentrations. Thus hormone concentrations both before and during breeding, as well as their seasonal dynamics, predict reproductive success, suggesting that individual variation in absolute concentrations and in plasticity is functionally significant, and, if heritable, may be a target of selection.
Improving Student Engagement

This paper reviews research literature in the area of student engagement to discover curricular and pedagogical ideas educators might successfully use to better engage student learning. Student engagement has historically focused upon increasing achievement, positive behaviors, and a sense of belonging to help students remain in school. The authors suggest that work in student engagement has grown from a focus upon disengaged students (who are not learning) to engaged learners (who are learning) and theorize that older work attempted to reshape â€˜renegadeâ€™ students into schooling, but current work revises schools to fit student needs.
Exploring Science: The Cognition and Development of Discovery Processes

Einstein said that "the whole of science is nothing more than a refinement of everyday thinking. " David Klahr suggests that we now know enough about cognition -- and hence about everyday thinking -- to advance our understanding of scientific thinking. In this book he sets out to describe the cognitive and developmental processes that have enabled scientists to make the discoveries that comprise the body of information we call "scientific knowledge. " Over the past decade Klahr and his colleagues have conducted extensive laboratory experiments in which they create discovery contexts, computer-based environments, to evoke the kind of thinking characteristic of scientific discovery in the "real world. " In attempting to solve the problems posed by the discovery tasks, experiment participants (from preschoolers through university students, as well as laypersons) use many of the same higher-order cognitive processes used by practicing scientists. Through this work Klahr integrates two disparate approaches -- the content-based approach and the process-based approach -- to present a comprehensive model of the psychology of scientific discovery.
Pathological Hallmarks, Clinical Parallels, and Value for Drug Testing in Alzheimer's Disease of the APP[V717I] London Transgenic Mouse Model

The APP[V717I] London (APP-Ld) mouse model recapitulates important pathological and clinical hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is therefore a valuable paradigm for evaluating therapeutic candidates. Historically, both the parenchymal and vascular amyloid deposits, and more recently, truncated and pyroglutamate-modified Abeta3(pE)-42 species, are perceived as important hallmarks of AD-pathology. Late stage symptoms are preceded by robust deficits in orientation and memory that correlate in time with Abeta oligomerization and GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of endogenous murine Tau, all markers that have gained considerable interest during the last decade. Clinical parallels with AD patients and the value of the APP-Ld transgenic mouse model for preclinical in vivo testing of candidate drugs are discussed.