Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A small-scale exploratory study of educator’s perceptions and expectations of summer-born children in the reception classes of three English primary academies and the strategies used to support them

ABSTRACT This small-scale interpretative study, carried out in the reception classes of three English primary academies, examined educator perceptions of summer-born children, their expectations of children on entry to reception classes and whether those expectations were age differentiated. It also investigated the support and intervention strategies used for children in reception classes. The findings showed that the children were viewed in terms of a whole cohort and expectations of the children were not age differentiated, raising equity issues. Educators were pressurised by the ‘school readiness’ metanarrative so that although they spoke of a focus on children’s personal, emotional and social development in practice, their focus was on children’s acquisition of literacy and numeracy skills in whole-class activities and intervention groups, resulting in a conforming, instrumentalist pedagogy at odds with their assertions of a play-based curriculum.
Segregated Expression of AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors and Glutamate Transporters Defines Distinct Astrocyte Populations in the Mouse Hippocampus

Recent data have suggested the existence of direct signaling pathways between glial cells and neurons. Here we report the coexistence of distinct types of cells expressing astrocyte-specific markers within the hippocampus that display diverse morphological, molecular, and functional profiles. Usage of transgenic mice with GFAP promoter-controlled enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression allowed the identification of astroglial cells after fresh isolation or in brain slices. Combining patch-clamp recordings and single-cell reverse transcription-PCR, we distinguished two morphologically distinct types of EGFP-positive cells, one expressing glutamate transporters and the other expressing ionotropic glutamate receptors. None of the EGFP-positive cells coexpressed glutamate receptors and transporters. Subpopulations of glutamate receptor-bearing EGFP-positive cells expressed AN2, the mouse homolog of the rat NG2 proteoglycan or transcripts for excitatory amino acid carrier 1, a neuronal glutamate transporter. Our data demonstrate the presence of distinct, independent populations of cells with astroglial properties in the developing hippocampus that can differently modulate neuronal signaling pathways. The observed heterogeneity of cells with GFAP promoter-regulated EGFP expression and S100β/GFAP immunoreactivity challenges the hitherto accepted definition of astrocytes.
Commentary on accounts for breaking the silence: an Israeli discourse of dissent

What are critical scholars to do when their country has been occupying a neighbor’s land for over 50 years and when this occupation is widely condemned worldwide (Abraham 2014)? The country in question is Israel and the occupation is of the Palestinian Territories. Not only is the Israeli right-wing government in favor of this policy, the longest military occupation in modern times (Shafer 2017), so is the majority of public opinion in the country. Such is the dilemma faced by the most prominent Israeli ethnographer of communication, Tamar Katriel, in her moving article, ‘Accounts and Rebuttals in Israeli Discourse of Dissent’ (Katriel 2017). Professor Katriel addresses this dilemma, not by some abstract critical theory, but by drawing on the voices of those who have witnessed first-hand the violence and oppression of the military occupation, former Israeli soldiers themselves. Several veterans have spoken out by telling of the mistreatment and humiliation rendered on the Palestinians they witnessed while serving in the occupied territories. These eye-witness accounts and narratives have been compiled on to web recordings entitled ‘Breaking the Silence’ (BTS 2018) and also into a booklet, Everything You Wanted to Know about the BTS. This group of veterans came together and founded an organization under the moniker, ‘Breaking the Silence’ (BTS). Katriel’s article ventriloquizes these soldiers’ accounts to convey, not only what is happening in the occupied territories, but to create a portrait of the troubled state of Israeli society and its political discourse. What could be more credible or authentic than these first-hand accounts told by soldiers who were there? Katriel identifies this group of veterans as a ‘witnessing organization’. But as we learn from Katriel’s ethnography, the political ground has shifted on the breaking the silence project, from the public’s open receptivity to hear their stories of abuses to now questioning these former soldiers’ patriotism and motives. Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu’s administration has pushed back and questioned several aspects of Breaking the Silence group such that public opinion has changed to become more critical of these soldiers. The government and the public believe that these veterans have gone too far in their protest; apparently, they want these soldiers to remain silent. Given that the overwhelming majority of world opinion has criticized Israel’s occupation, having Israeli soldiers confirm such abuses further intensifies this criticism. In this context, Katriel raises the question of ‘the limits of dissent’ – how far can these veterans go before their criticism is seen as treasonous?
Capillary blood islet autoantibody screening for identifying pre-type 1 diabetes in the general population: design and initial results of the Fr1da study

Introduction Type 1 diabetes can be diagnosed at an early presymptomatic stage by the detection of islet autoantibodies. The Fr1da study aims to assess whether early staging of type 1 diabetes (1) is feasible at a population-based level, (2) prevents severe metabolic decompensation observed at the clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes and (3) reduces psychological distress through preventive teaching and care. Methods and analysis Children aged 2–5 years in Bavaria, Germany, will be tested for the presence of multiple islet autoantibodies. Between February 2015 and December 2016, 100 000 children will be screened by primary care paediatricians. Islet autoantibodies are measured in capillary blood samples using a multiplex three-screen ELISA. Samples with ELISA results >97.5th centile are retested using reference radiobinding assays. A venous blood sample is also obtained to confirm the autoantibody status of children with at least two autoantibodies. Children with confirmed multiple islet autoantibodies are diagnosed with pre-type 1 diabetes. These children and their parents are invited to participate in an education and counselling programme at a local diabetes centre. Depression and anxiety, and burden of early diagnosis are also assessed. Results Of the 1027 Bavarian paediatricians, 39.3% are participating in the study. Overall, 26 760 children have been screened between February 2015 and November 2015. Capillary blood collection was sufficient in volume for islet autoantibody detection in 99.46% of the children. The remaining 0.54% had insufficient blood volume collected. Of the 26 760 capillary samples tested, 0.39% were positive for at least two islet autoantibodies. Discussion Staging for early type 1 diabetes within a public health setting appears to be feasible. The study may set new standards for the early diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and education. Ethics dissemination The study was approved by the ethics committee of Technische Universität München (Nr. 70/14).
A Methodology for the Design of Self-Optimizing, Decentralized Content-Caching Strategies

We consider the problem of efficient content delivery over networks in which individual nodes are equipped with content caching capabilities. We present a flexible methodology for the design of cooperative, decentralized caching strategies that can adapt to real-time changes in regional content popularity. This design methodology makes use of a recently proposed reduced consensus optimization scheme, in which a number of networked agents cooperate in locating the optimum of the sum of their individual, privately known objective functions. The outcome of the design is a set of dynamic update rules that stipulate how much and which portions of each content piece an individual network node ought to cache. In implementing these update rules, the nodes achieve a collectively optimal caching configuration through nearest-neighbor interactions and measurements of local content request rates only. Moreover, individual nodes need not be aware of the overall network topology or how many other nodes are on the network. The desired caching behavior is encoded in the design of individual nodes' costs and can incorporate a variety of network performance criteria. Using the proposed methodology, we develop a set of content-caching update rules designed to minimize the energy consumption of the network as a whole by dynamically trading off transport and caching energy costs in response to changes in content demand.
The Wartegg Zeichen Test: a literature overview and a meta-analysis of reliability and validity.

All available studies on the Wartegg Zeichen Test (WZT; Wartegg, 1939) were collected and evaluated through a literature overview and a meta-analysis. The literature overview shows that the history of the WZT reflects the geographical and language-based processes of marginalization where relatively isolated traditions have lived and vanished in different parts of the world. The meta-analytic review indicates a high average interscorer reliability of rw = . 74 and high validity effect size for studies with clear hypotheses of rw = . 33. Although the results were strong, we conclude that the WZT research has not been able to establish cumulative knowledge of the method because of the isolation of research traditions.
The expressions of inflammatory factors and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Purpose The purpose of this study was to observe and quantify the expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in the gingival tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy adults with chronic periodontitis. Methods Twelve patients with type 2 DM and chronic periodontitis (Group 3), twelve patients with chronic periodontitis (Group 2), and twelve healthy individuals (Group 1) were included in the study. Clinical criteria of gingival (sulcus bleeding index value, probing depths) and radiographic evidences of bone resorption were divided into three groups. The concentrations of cytokines were determined by a western blot analysis and compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. Results The expression levels of IFN-γ and TIMP-2 showed an increasing tendency in Groups 2 and 3 when compared to Group 1. On the other hand, the expression of IL-4 was highest in Group 1. Conclusions The findings suggest that IFN-γ and TIMP-2 may be involved in the periodontal inflammation associated with type 2 DM. IL-4 may be involved in the retrogression of the periodontal inflammation associated with type 2 DM.
The Redshift of an Extremely Red Object and the Nature of the Very Red Galaxy Population

Infrared surveys have discovered a significant population of bright (K ≲ 19) extremely red (R—K ≳ 6) objects. Little is known about the properties of these objects on account of their optical faintness (R ≳ 24). Here we report deep infrared imaging and spectroscopy of one of the extremely red objects (EROs) discovered by Hu & Ridgway in the field of the z = 3.79 quasar PC 1643 + 4631A. The infrared images were obtained in 0″. 5 seeing and show that the object (denoted HR 10) is not a dynamically relaxed elliptical galaxy dominated by an old stellar population as was previously suspected, but instead has an asymmetric morphology suggestive of either a disk or an interacting system. The infrared spectrum of HR 10 shows a single, possibly broad emission feature at 1.60 μm, which we identify as Hα + [N II] at z = 1.44. The luminosity and width of this emission line indicates either intense star formation (~20 h−2 M☉ yr−1) or the presence of an active nucleus. Based on the rest frame UV-optical spectral energy distribution, the luminosity of HR 10 is estimated to be 3–8 L*. The colors of HR 10 are unusually red for a galaxy (at z = 1.44 the age of HR 10 is at most 2–8 Gyr depending on cosmology) and indicate that HR 10 is dusty. HR 10 is detected weakly at radio wavelengths; this is consistent with either the starburst or active galactic nucleus hypothesis. If HR 10 is a typical representative of its class, EROs are numerous and represent a significant component of the luminous objects in the universe at z ≈ 1.5.
Airborne Fungal and Bacterial Components in PM1 Dust from Biofuel Plants

Fungi grown in pure cultures produce DNA- or RNA-containing particles smaller than spore size (<1.5 μm). High exposures to fungi and bacteria are observed at biofuel plants. Airborne cultivable bacteria are often described to be present in clusters or associated with larger particles with an aerodynamic diameter (dae) of 2–8 μm. In this study, we investigate whether airborne fungal components smaller than spore size are present in bioaerosols in working areas at biofuel plants. Furthermore, we measure the exposure to bacteria and fungal components in airborne particulate matter (PM) with a D50 of 1 μm (called PM1 dust). PM1 was sampled using Triplex cyclones at a working area at 14 Danish biofuel plants. Millipore cassettes were used to sample ‘total dust’. The PM1 particles (29 samples) were analysed for content of 11 different components and the total dust was analysed for cultivable fungi, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase), and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans. In the 29 PM1 samples, cultivable fungi were found in six samples and with a median concentration below detection level. Using microscopy, fungal spores were identified in 22 samples. The components NAGase and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans, which are mainly associated with fungi, were present in all PM1 samples. Thermophilic actinomycetes were present in 23 of the 29 PM1 samples [average = 739 colony-forming units (CFU) m−3]. Cultivable and ‘total bacteria’ were found in average concentrations of, respectively, 249 CFU m−3 and 1.8 × 105 m−3. DNA- and RNA-containing particles of different lengths were counted by microscopy and revealed a high concentration of particles with a length of 0.5–1.5 μm and only few particles >1.5 μm. The number of cultivable fungi and β-glucan in the total dust correlated significantly with the number of DNA/RNA-containing particles with lengths of between 1.0 and 1.5 μm, with DNA/RNA-containing particles >1.5 μm, and with other fungal components in PM1 dust. Airborne β-glucan and NAGase were found in PM1 samples where no cultivable fungi were present, and β-glucan and NAGase were found in higher concentrations per fungal spore in PM1 dust than in total dust. This indicates that fungal particles smaller than fungal spore size are present in the air at the plants. Furthermore, many bacteria, including actinomycetes, were present in PM1 dust. Only 0.2% of the bacteria in PM1 dust were cultivable.
A Gradient-Based Inverse Lithography Technology for Double-Dipole Lithography

Resolution enhancement techniques (RETs) have become indispensable for the sub-wavelength optical lithography. Inverse lithography technology (ILT) is one kind of RETs, which attempts to consider the mask synthesis as an inverse problem and compute the optimum mask by using the entire area of the design pattern with a rigorous mathematical approach. Double- dipole lithography (DDL) uses two orthogonal dipole illuminations and one or two masks to print the desired wafer pattern. The main challenge of using such an IC-manufacturing technique remains how to properly synthesize the proper mask pattern for the arbitrarily given target pattern. This paper presents a gradient-based ILT approach addressing the problem above, called DDL-ILT. This method has been demonstrated by synthesizing various kinds of masks for printing 45-nm critical dimension (CD) features. Images with good fidelity have been achieved. Keywords-ILT; mask synthesis; double-dipole lithography;
One cannot rule them all: Are bacterial toxins-antitoxins druggable?

Type II (proteic) toxin–antitoxin (TA) operons are widely spread in bacteria and archaea. They are organized as operons in which, usually, the antitoxin gene precedes the cognate toxin gene. The antitoxin generally acts as a transcriptional self-repressor, whereas the toxin acts as a co-repressor, both proteins constituting a harmless complex. When bacteria encounter a stressful environment, TAs are triggered. The antitoxin protein is unstable and will be degraded by host proteases, releasing the free toxin to halt essential processes. The result is a cessation of cell growth or even death. Because of their ubiquity and the essential processes targeted, TAs have been proposed as good candidates for development of novel antimicrobials. We discuss here the possible druggability of TAs as antivirals and antibacterials, with focus on the potentials and the challenges that their use may find in the ‘real’ world. We present strategies to develop TAs as antibacterials in view of novel technologies, such as the use of very small molecules (fragments) as inhibitors of protein–protein interactions. Appropriate fragments could disrupt the T:A interfaces leading to the release of the targeted TA pair. Possible ways of delivery and formulation of Tas are also discussed.
Effect of Previous Statin Therapy in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background and Objectives Statin therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been associated with reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). However, it has been less clear as to whether statin therapy before acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is beneficial. We studied the effect of previous statin therapy, initiated ≥1 month before PCI, on the outcome of patients with ACS who had undergone early invasive strategies. Subjects and Methods We stratified 479 consecutive patients with ACS who had undergone PCI, according to preprocedural statin administration as follows: previous statin-treated patients (statin group, n=237) and statin-naive patients (control group, n=242). The incidence of periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI) and in-hospital MACE was assessed. Results The incidence of Braunwald class III angina and MI presentation were significantly lower in the statin group than in the control group. Angiographic and procedural characteristics were similar between the two groups; however, slow/no reflow phenomenon occurred more frequently in the control group. After PCI, the incidence of periprocedural MI was higher in the control group than in the statin group (6.6% vs. 2.1%, p=0.016). Multivariate analysis revealed that no prior use of statin {odds ratio (OR)=2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1-7.2; p=0.038), procedural complication (OR=4.0; 95% CI=1.5-10.5; p=0.004), stent overlap (OR=4.7; 95% CI=1.3-16.4; p=0.015), and old age (OR=3.2; 95% CI=1.2-8.0; p=0.016) were independent predictors for in-hospital MACE. Conclusion Previous statin therapy before ACS was associated with milder clinical presentation and lower incidence of in-hospital MACE after early invasive strategies. The beneficial outcome is attributable to a significant reduction in periprocedural MI after PCI.
JOINT SOURCE-CHANNEL CODING FOR CODED SPEECH TRANSMISSION

Coded speech transmission over noisy channels can be interpreted as a delayconstrained encoding/decoding problem for a set of continuous-amplitude signals; the latter are the parameters extracted from the actual speech signal by advanced source coding schemes. The optimization problem for the encoder/decoder-design is formulated and it is shown, that its direct solution is intractable in most relevant cases. Therefore, several approaches for the practical system design are discussed.
The humoral response in the pathogenesis of gluten ataxia

Objective To characterize humoral response to cerebellum in patients with gluten ataxia. BackgroundGluten ataxia is a common neurologic manifestation of gluten sensitivity. MethodsThe authors assessed the reactivity of sera from patients with gluten ataxia (13), newly diagnosed patients with celiac disease without neurologic dysfunction (24), patients with other causes of cerebellar degeneration (11), and healthy control subjects (17) using indirect immunocytochemistry on human cerebellar and rat CNS tissue. Cross-reactivity of a commercial IgG antigliadin antibody with human cerebellar tissue also was studied. Results Sera from 12 of 13 patients with gluten ataxia stained Purkinje cells strongly. Less intense staining was seen in some but not all sera from patients with newly diagnosed celiac disease without neurologic dysfunction. At high dilutions (1:800) staining was seen only with sera from patients with gluten ataxia but not in control subjects. Sera from patients with gluten ataxia also stained some brainstem and cortical neurons in rat CNS tissue. Commercial anti-gliadin antibody stained human Purkinje cells in a similar manner. Adsorption of the antigliadin antibodies using crude gliadin abolished the staining in patients with celiac disease without neurologic dysfunction, but not in those with gluten ataxia. ConclusionsPatients with gluten ataxia have antibodies against Purkinje cells. Antigliadin antibodies cross-react with epitopes on Purkinje cells.
The structural simulation toolkit

As supercomputers grow, understanding their behavior and performance has become increasingly challenging. New hurdles in scalability, programmability, power consumption, reliability, cost, and cooling are emerging, along with new technologies such as 3D integration, GP-GPUs, silicon-photonics, and other "game changers". Currently, they HPC community lacks a unified toolset to evaluate these technologies and design for these challenges. To address this problem, a number of institutions have joined together to create the Structural Simulation Toolkit (SST), an open, modular, parallel, multi-criteria, multi-scale simulation framework. The SST includes a number of processor, memory, and network models. The SST has been used in a variety of network, memory, and application studies and aims to become the standard simulation framework for designing and procuring HPC systems.