Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inertia and Decision Making

Decision inertia is the tendency to repeat previous choices independently of the outcome, which can give rise to perseveration in suboptimal choices. We investigate this tendency in probability-updating tasks. Study 1 shows that, whenever decision inertia conflicts with normatively optimal behavior (Bayesian updating), error rates are larger and decisions are slower. This is consistent with a dual-process view of decision inertia as an automatic process conflicting with a more rational, controlled one. We find evidence of decision inertia in both required and autonomous decisions, but the effect of inertia is more clear in the latter. Study 2 considers more complex decision situations where further conflict arises due to reinforcement processes. We find the same effects of decision inertia when reinforcement is aligned with Bayesian updating, but if the two latter processes conflict, the effects are limited to autonomous choices. Additionally, both studies show that the tendency to rely on decision inertia is positively associated with preference for consistency.
The effects of nebivolol on P wave duration and dispersion in patients with coronary slow flow.

OBJECTIVE Coronary slow flow (CSF) is characterized by delayed opacification of coronary arteries in the absence epicardial occlusive disease. P wave duration and dispersion have been reported to be longer in patients with CSF. Nebivolol, besides its selective beta1-blocking activity, causes an endothelium dependent vasodilatation through nitric oxide release. In this study, we searched for the association between left ventricular diastolic functions and atrial conduction dispersion, the effects of nebivolol on P wave duration and dispersion in patients with CSF. METHODS This prospective case-controlled study included 30 patients having CSF and 30 subjects having normal coronary arteries in coronary angiography. The patients were evaluated with 12-leads electrocardiography and echocardiography before and three months after treatment with nebivolol. The difference between maximum and minimum P wave durations was defined as P-wave dispersion (PWD). Early diastolic flow (E), atrial contraction wave (A) and E deceleration time (DT) and isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) were measured. Unpaired and paired t-tests, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney's U-test and Pearson correlation analysis were used in statistical analysis. RESULTS Compared to control group maximum P wave duration (Pmax) (104.3+/-12.2 vs. 93.4+/-9.8 msec, p<0.001) and PWD (35.0+/-8.6 vs. 24.8+/-5.4 msec, p<0.001), DT (245.4+/-54.9 vs. 198.0+/-41.7 msec, p<0.001) and IVRT (112.9+/-20.8 vs. 89.5+/-18.2 msec, p<0.001) were significantly longer and E/A ratio (0.89+/-0.27 vs. 1.27+/-0.27, p<0.001) was lower in patients with CSF as compared with control subjects. There were no significant correlations of Pmax and PWD with clinical and echocardiographic variables. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (130.5+/-15.5 mmHg to 117.8+/-12.3 mmHg and 84.5+/-9.8 mmHg to 75.0+/-6.2 mmHg, p<0.001), Pmax (to 98.7+/-11.7 msec, p=0.038), PWD (to 21.3+/-5.1 msec, p<0.001) and DT (to 217.3+/-41.4 msec, p<0.001) and IVRT (to 101.2+/-17.4 msec, p<0.001) significantly decreased and E/A ratio (to 1.1+/-0.23, p<0.001) significantly increased after treatment with nebivolol. Correlation analysis revealed that the change in PWD was not significantly correlated with any of the clinical and echocardiographic variables including decrease in blood pressures. CONCLUSION Coronary slow flow is associated with prolonged P wave duration and dispersion and impaired diastolic filling. Nebivolol may be helpful in restoration of these findings. P wave duration and dispersion may not be associated with left ventricular function parameters in patients with CSF.
Immunofluorescent localization of three Na,K-ATPase isozymes in the rat central nervous system: both neurons and glia can express more than one Na,K-ATPase

In the CNS, there are multiple isozymes of the sodium and potassium ion- stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) that have differences in affinity for Na+, ATP, and cardiac glycosides. Three forms of the catalytic subunit (designated alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3) are known to be derived from different genes, but little is known of the cellular distributions of the proteins or their physiological roles. Isozyme- specific monoclonal antibodies permitted the immunofluorescent localization of the 3 Na,K-ATPases in the rat CNS, and markedly different patterns of staining were seen. All 3 isozymes were detected, singly or in combination, in 1 or more neuronal structures, while both alpha 1 and alpha 2 were detected in glia. Many different neuroanatomic structures or cell types stained for more than 1 isozyme. Even when a structure or region stained for more than 1 isozyme, the pattern of staining was frequently dissimilar, suggesting complex differences in gene expression and cellular localization.
Electrocardiographical Manifestations of Acute Organophosphate Poisoning

This study evaluated the electrocardiographical manifestations of acute organophosphate poisoning & conducted at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from September 2010 to February 2011. All patients above 12 years of age, of either gender with history of OP poisoning and evidence of exposure to O P compounds within previous 24 hours with characteristic manifestation of organophospha te poisoning were further evaluated for their cardiac status thru electrocardiography (ECG) to observe the electrocardiographical changes. Total 112 patients with OP poisoning presented to the emergency department, of which the cardiac manifestation was found in eighty seven (78%) patients. The ages of the patients ranged from 12 to 65 years, the overall mean age identified was 27.35±8.63 (SD) while the mean age in the male and female population was 25.67±7.21 (SD) and 24.85±6.53. The mean duration of poisoning identified was 10.09±6.28 (SD). Of 87 subjects with cardiac manifestations, sixty (69%) were males and twenty seven (31%) were females. Fifty five (63%) were unmarried while thirty two (37%) were married. Regarding mode of poisoning accidental, suicidal and homicidal was observed in 41(47.1%), 44(50.6%) and 02(2.3%) p <0.05. The electrocardiographical manifestation observed in patients were bradycardia 13 (14.9%), tachycardia 11(12.6%), ST - elevation 09(10.3%), T-inversion 10(11.5%), prolonged P-R interval 07(8.0%), atrial fibrillation 05(5.7%), prolonged Q-T interval 15(17.2%), ventricular tachycardia 07(8.0%) and mix finding 10(11.5%). The organophosphate poisoning is associated with cardiac complications and most of them occur during the first few hours after exposure.
Light‐microscopic immunocytochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase in prenatal rat brain. II. Late ontogeny

The immunocytochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase is examined at embryonic (E) days 18 and 21 in rat brain in order to determine changes in the distribution and cytology of neurons showing immunoreactivity for the enzyme during late prenatal developmnt. As compared with earlier stages of development, the distribution and morphology of the tyrosine hydroxylasecontaining neurons at E18 and E21 more closely resemble catecholaminergic neurons in the adult brain. The changes occuring from the early to the late prenatal stages of development appear to be the result of an increase in number of cells and continued aggregation and migration of the labeled neurons.
Learning Hash Codes with Listwise Supervision

Hashing techniques have been intensively investigated in the design of highly efficient search engines for large-scale computer vision applications. Compared with prior approximate nearest neighbor search approaches like tree-based indexing, hashing-based search schemes have prominent advantages in terms of both storage and computational efficiencies. Moreover, the procedure of devising hash functions can be easily incorporated into sophisticated machine learning tools, leading to data-dependent and task-specific compact hash codes. Therefore, a number of learning paradigms, ranging from unsupervised to supervised, have been applied to compose appropriate hash functions. However, most of the existing hash function learning methods either treat hash function design as a classification problem or generate binary codes to satisfy pair wise supervision, and have not yet directly optimized the search accuracy. In this paper, we propose to leverage list wise supervision into a principled hash function learning framework. In particular, the ranking information is represented by a set of rank triplets that can be used to assess the quality of ranking. Simple linear projection-based hash functions are solved efficiently through maximizing the ranking quality over the training data. We carry out experiments on large image datasets with size up to one million and compare with the state-of-the-art hashing techniques. The extensive results corroborate that our learned hash codes via list wise supervision can provide superior search accuracy without incurring heavy computational overhead.
Cognitive Correlaretes of Physics Achievement of Some Nigeria Senior Secondary Students

Some cognitive correlates of physics achievement of some Nigeria senior secondary students were considered in the study. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between measures of student’s field independency. Cognitive tasks, formal reasoning and their achievement in physics. Purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were employed to obtain a sample of 524 senior secondary two students from six education zones in Kogi State of Nigeria. Three instruments were used. They are science Reasoning Tasks (SRTs). Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) and Physics Achievement Test (PAT). Data analysis using multiple regressions reveals that measures of students’ fields’ independency and cognitive tasks predicted student’s achievement in physics generally. However, only measure of field independency predicted students’ achievement in physics in the higher order cognitive demand questions. Measures of formal reasoning had no significant relationship with students’ achievements in physics generally or in higher order cognitive demand questions in physics. However, the overall relationships between measures of field independency, cognitive tasks, formal reasoning and students’ achievement in physics generally and in higher order cognitive demand questions in physics were both significant. Educational implications of these findings were discussed.
A Reflective View on Text Similarity

While the concept ofsimilarityis well grounded in psychology,text similarityis less well-defined. Thus, we analyze text similarity with respect to its definition and the datasets used for evaluation. We formalize text similarity based on the geometric model ofconceptual spacesalong three dimensions inherent to texts:structure,style, andcontent. We empirically ground these dimensions in a set of annotation studies, and categorize applications according to these dimensions. Furthermore, we analyze the characteristics of the existing evaluation datasets, and use those datasets to assess the performance of common text similarity measures.
Energy-Efficient Uplink Resource Allocation in LTE Networks With M2M/H2H Co-Existence Under Statistical QoS Guarantees

Recently, energy efficiency in wireless networks has become an important objective. Aside from the growing proliferation of smartphones and other high-end devices in conventional human-to-human (H2H) communication, the introduction of machine-to-machine (M2M) communication or machine-type communication into cellular networks is another contributing factor. In this paper, we investigate quality-of-service (QoS)-driven energy-efficient design for the uplink of long term evolution (LTE) networks in M2M/H2H co-existence scenarios. We formulate the resource allocation problem as a maximization of effective capacity-based bits-per-joule capacity under statistical QoS provisioning. The specific constraints of single carrier frequency division multiple access (uplink air interface in LTE networks) pertaining to power and resource block allocation not only complicate the resource allocation problem, but also render the standard Lagrangian duality techniques inapplicable. We overcome the analytical and computational intractability by first transforming the original problem into a mixed integer programming (MIP) problem and then formulating its dual problem using the canonical duality theory. The proposed energy-efficient design is compared with the spectral efficient design along with round robin (RR) and best channel quality indicator (BCQI) algorithms. Numerical results, which are obtained using the invasive weed optimization (IWO) algorithm, show that the proposed energy-efficient uplink design not only outperforms other algorithms in terms of energy efficiency while satisfying the QoS requirements, but also performs closer to the optimal design.
Success factors for managing purchasing groups: an empirical survey

In this article, we identify success factors for managing small and intensive purchasing groups by comparing successful and unsuccessful Dutch purchasing groups in a large-scale survey. Transaction costs economics and social exchange theory are used as theoretical frameworks for our broad empirical investigation. We found that the success factors studied that are related to interorganizational trust, the formality of the group, and uniformity of the group members are not success factors for managing purchasing groups. For our data set, the most important success factors are no enforced participation, sufficient total contribution of efforts, all members contribute knowledge, all members rarely change representatives, fair allocation of savings, and communication. We discuss the academic and practical implications of the success factors found.
Ethosuximide and tremor in Parkinson's disease: A pilot study

Following the demonstration of an antitremor effect of ethosuximide in the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) monkey model, we have tested the effect of this drug in 10 patients with typical parkinsonian tremor. Six patients suffered from Parkinson's disease with prominent, relatively drug‐resistant rest tremor. The other four patients had a druginduced parkinsonian tremor due to neuroleptic agents taken for a psychiatric condition. Five of the six parkinsonian patients and three of the four psychiatric patients reported within a few days a marked and intolerable exacerbation of their tremor. One patient in each group was improved, and this improvement was verified in repeated examinations. Thus, for unknown reasons, the effect of ethosuximide was not as predicted by the monkey model. Among possible explanations is the fact that we had chosen patients with drug‐resistant tremor.
A “line item” approach to the identification of genes involved in polygenic behavioral disorders: The Adrenergic α2A (ADRA2A) gene

The usual approach for using single base pair polymorphisms (SNPs) for the investigation of the genetics of behavioral disorders is to examine a single diagnostic syndrome or personality trait based on variables relating to a cluster of behavioral symptoms. However, since some of these variables may address behaviors that are associated with one allele while others are associated with the other allele, the overall association may be non‐significant and significant sub‐syndromal associations may be missed. Thus, we have reversed the process in a technique we term a “line item” approach. As a test of the technique we have examined the association between genotypes of a C‐ > G‐1291 Msp I promotor SNP of the ADRA2A gene and 390 individual symptoms from a structured review of DSM‐IV criteria for twelve different groups of symptoms. We examined 334 individuals consisting of controls and subjects with Tourette syndrome (TS). Based on the mean scores for each genotype, those symptoms that were individually significant at α ≤ 0.05 fell into three major groups by mode of inheritance: allele 1 codominant (11 > 12 > 22), allele 2 codominant (22 > 12 > 11), and negative heterosis (12 < 11, 22). Within each mode of inheritance group, the number of symptoms that were significant for the twelve symptom clusters was compared by chi‐square analysis. This showed that symptoms were drawn from the diagnostic groups in a significantly non‐random fashion. Thus, the allele 1 codominant symptoms came from the anxiety, affective, schizoid, and somatization diagnostic groups (internalizing symptoms) (χ2 = 80.0, d.f. = 11, P ≤ 0.0000001), while the allele 2 codominant symptoms came from the ADHD and oppositional defiant/conduct disorder diagnostic groups (externalizing symptoms) (χ2 = 81.0, d.f. = 11, P ≤ 0.0000001). The questions that fell in the negative heterosis type of inheritance were not significantly associated with specific diagnostic groups (P = 0.87). These results showed that the ADRA2A gene was associated with symptoms of autonomic, sympathetic dysfunction from different diagnostic groups. The advantages of the “line item” approach include (a) the identification of the symptoms associated with each allele, (b) the identification of symptom clusters independent of DSM diagnoses, (c) the elucidation of heterosis and other mode of inheritance effects, (d) the distinction between an association with a primary disorder versus a comorbid disorder, (e) the identification of associations with sub‐syndromal symptom clusters that do meet full DSM‐IV criteria, and (f) the identification of symptom clusters across databases. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
subset of chromosome ends , leading to propagation of a DNA damage response that induces senescence or cell death (

Matthew F. Pech, Alina Garbuzov, KazuteruHasegawa,Meena Sukhwani, Ruixuan J. Zhang, Bérénice A. Benayoun, Stephanie A. Brockman, Shengda Lin, Anne Brunet, Kyle E. Orwig, and Steven E. Artandi Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, California 94305, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
Using the Q Methodology Approach in Human Resource Development Research

The Problem To better understand Human Resource Development (HRD), it is critical to understand human behavior and perspectives on subjective topics. Q methodology provides a view of subjectivity from the point of view that is self-referenced. The Solution This article provides a description of a method to identify similarities and differences in the subjective perceptions across a sample. This is distinctly different from traditional factor analysis that examines correlation between items. A step-by-step description of Q methodology is included that describes defining the concourse, developing the Q-set, selecting the P-set (sample), Q-sorting (collecting data), as well as analyzing and interpreting the data. The Stakeholders Both researchers and practitioners will benefit by understanding how to implement and interpret Q methodology in both research and practice to understand human subjectivity. The article can be used as a guide by researchers and practitioners who want to conduct Q methodology in the field of HRD to better understand subjective viewpoints.
A MAP Fitting Approach with Joint Approximation Oriented to the Dynamic Resource Provisioning in Shared Data Centres

In shared data centres, accurate models of workloads are indispensable in the process of autonomic resource scheduling. Facing the problem of parameterizing the vast space of big MAPs in order to fit the real workload traces with time-varying characteristics, in this paper we propose a MAP fitting approach JAMC with joint approximation of the order moment and the lag correlation. Based on the state-of-the-art fitting method KPC, JAMC uses a similar divide and conquer approach to simplify the fitting problem and uses optimization to explore the best solution. Our experiments show that JAMC is simple and sufficient enough to effectively predict the behavior of the queueing systems, and the fitting time cost of a few minutes is acceptable for shared data center. Through the analysis of the sensitivity to the orders fitted, we deduce that it is not the case that the higher orders have better results. In the case of Bellcore Aug89, the appropriate fitted orders for the moments and autocorrelations should be respectively on a set of 10~20 and 10000~30000.
Sliding-Mode Synchronization Control for Uncertain Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems with Time Delay

Specifically setting a time delay fractional financial system as the study object, this paper proposes a single controller method to eliminate the impact of model uncertainty and external disturbances on the system. The proposed method is based on the stability theory of Lyapunov sliding-mode adaptive control and fractional-order linear systems. The controller can fit the system state within the sliding-mode surface so as to realize synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems. Analysis results demonstrate that the proposed single integral, sliding-mode control method can control the time delay fractional power system to realize chaotic synchronization, with strong robustness to external disturbance. The controller is simple in structure. The proposed method was also validated by numerical simulation.
Spirals and heteroclinic cycles in a spatially extended Rock-Paper-Scissors model of cyclic dominance

Spatially extended versions of the cyclic-dominance Rock-Paper-Scissors model have traveling wave (in one dimension) and spiral (in two dimensions) behaviour. The far field of the spirals behave like traveling waves, which themselves have profiles reminiscent of heteroclinic cycles. We compute numerically a nonlinear dispersion relation between the wavelength and wavespeed of the traveling waves, and, together with insight from heteroclinic bifurcation theory and further numerical results from 2D simulations, we are able to make predictions about the overall structure and stability of spiral waves in 2D cyclic dominance models.
Affective ties to parents in early adulthood and self-esteem across 20 years

Do relations with parents during the transition from adolescence to adulthood have long-term consequences for self-esteem? We addressed this question with 20-year panel data from 273 youths (age 16-26 at baseline) who participated in the University of Southern California Longitudinal Study of Generations. We found that youths who reported stronger affective ties to parents reported greater self-esteem at baseline and at 17- and 20-year follow-ups. We also found, however, that the long-term association between baseline affection and subsequent self-esteem was due primarily to moderate stability in self-esteem across the transition to adulthood. Our findings support the view that the quality of affective ties to parents during the transition to adulthood has long-term significance for self-esteem among offspring.