Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Dynamics of Driver ’ s Dilemma Zone Perception Using Machine Learning Methods for Safer Intersection Control

The " dilemma zone " is defined as the area where drivers approaching a signalized intersection must decide to either proceed or stop at the onset of the yellow indication. Drivers that might perceive themselves to be too close to an intersection for a safe stop, and too far to proceed without violating traffic regulations, are said to be caught in DZ. Despite the vast body of related literature, there is a critical gap in research related to the " dynamic nature of drivers' decision " in dilemma zones. In order to identify and capture all significant factors beyond existing research, a driver survey was administered in the three states of Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. State-of-the-art techniques in human psychology, experimental design, and statistical analysis were used to design the survey and interpret the results. A driving simulator study was conducted to investigate the dynamic nature of driver perception of the dilemma zone and to assess significant factors affecting a driver's decision at the onset of yellow. In addition, the use of machine learning methods to capture the effect of a driver's learning/dynamic perception of DZ was investigated. Findings from this research suggest that drivers do learn from their experience and also that agent-based models can be used for modeling driver behavior in the dilemma zone more accurately than models that currently exist in the literature. The research team therefore recommends that agent-based modeling and simulation techniques should be used for assessing the impacts of dilemma zone mitigation strategies. Figure 10: Gender disparities in how often drivers try to catch a yellow and end up running a red light. 24 Figure 11: State disparities in how often drivers try to catch a yellow and end up running a red authors are solely responsible for the material and the views are not necessarily those of the supporting agency. The authors wish to thank the following individuals for their input and Disclaimer The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the Program, in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof.
Hybrid managers, career narratives and identity work: A contextual analysis of UK healthcare organizations

While hybrid managers are increasingly important in contemporary organizations (especially in the public sector), we know little about why or how they become hybrid managers, or how this is shaped by the interplay of professional experience and organizational circumstances. In pursuit of a more variegated, contextualized and dynamic understanding of hybrid management, this article focuses on how individuals transition into managerial hybrids, emphasizing the dynamic and emergent nature of hybrid management identity. Studying managers in English healthcare, we employ the concept of identity work as expressed through career narratives to examine the influence of career trajectories and organizational experiences on emerging hybrid manager identity. The study identifies three broad managerial career narratives – aspirational, ambivalent and agnostic – and relates them to experiences of doctor and nurse hybrid managers in three healthcare settings. An interpretive analysis of these narratives reveals a more variegated, situated and dynamic interpretation of hybrid managerial identities than previously considered and underscores the importance of personal and organizational experiences in shaping emergent hybrid professional/managerial identity.
Evolution of VRN2/Ghd7-Like Genes in Vernalization-Mediated Repression of Grass Flowering1[OPEN]

Despite widespread vernalization responsiveness in the grass subfamily Pooideae, the flowering repressor VERNALIZATION2 evolved more recently in core members of this subfamily. Flowering of many plant species is coordinated with seasonal environmental cues such as temperature and photoperiod. Vernalization provides competence to flower after prolonged cold exposure, and a vernalization requirement prevents flowering from occurring prior to winter. In winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), three genes VRN1, VRN2, and FT form a regulatory loop that regulates the initiation of flowering. Prior to cold exposure, VRN2 represses FT. During cold, VRN1 expression increases, resulting in the repression of VRN2, which in turn allows activation of FT during long days to induce flowering. Here, we test whether the circuitry of this regulatory loop is conserved across Pooideae, consistent with their niche transition from the tropics to the temperate zone. Our phylogenetic analyses of VRN2-like genes reveal a duplication event occurred before the diversification of the grasses that gave rise to a CO9 and VRN2/Ghd7 clade and support orthology between wheat/barley VRN2 and rice (Oryza sativa) Ghd7. Our Brachypodium distachyon VRN1 and VRN2 knockdown and overexpression experiments demonstrate functional conservation of grass VRN1 and VRN2 in the promotion and repression of flowering, respectively. However, expression analyses in a range of pooids demonstrate that the cold repression of VRN2 is unique to core Pooideae such as wheat and barley. Furthermore, VRN1 knockdown in B. distachyon demonstrates that the VRN1-mediated suppression of VRN2 is not conserved. Thus, the VRN1-VRN2 feature of the regulatory loop appears to have evolved late in the diversification of temperate grasses.
An Empirical Examination of the Impact of College Financial Aid on Family Savings

The system of distributing financial aid dollars using needs analysis formulae implicitly imposes a financial aid tax on assets. Existing studies provide mixed evidence of the influence of this implicit tax on assets on wealth accumulation. This paper attempts to contribute to the literature on this topic by examining the sensitivity of results to various assumptions, specifications, and categories of assets, using more recent data that allows for the incorporation of recent developments in financial aid and college costs. I find much weaker evidence than existing studies that college financial aid has a significant impact on family savings.
Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century

SUMMARY Health literacy is a relatively new concept in health promotion. It is a composite term to describe a range of outcomes to health education and communication activities. From this perspective, health education is directed towards improving health literacy. This paper identifies the failings of past educational programs to address social and economic determinants of health, and traces the subsequent reduction in the role of health education in contemporary health promotion. These perceived failings may have led to significant underestimation of the potential role of health education in addressing the social determinants of health. A ‘health outcome model’ is presented. This model highlights health literacy as a key outcome from health education. Examination of the concept of health literacy identifies distinctions between functional health literacy, interactive health literacy and critical health literacy. Through this analysis, improving health literacy meant more than transmitting information, and developing skills to be able to read pamphlets and successfully make appointments. By improving people’s access to health information and their capacity to use it effectively, it is argued that improved health literacy is critical to empowerment. The implications for the content and method of contemporary health education and communication are then considered. Emphasis is given to more personal forms of communication, and community-based educational outreach, as well as the political content of health education, focussed on better equipping people to overcome structural barriers to health.
Characterization of Resistance to Aminoglycosides in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tehran, Iran

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens which can cause a broad spectrum of infections. Objectives: The current study aimed to describe the frequency and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of clonal groups of gentamicin-resistant strains of MRSA isolated from a tertiary care hospital in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 301 S. aureus isolates were collected during January to November 2012. All of the isolates were identified at the species level and typed using the Phene-Plate (PhP) system. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the MRSA strains and the presence of different aminoglycoside resistance genes were determined. Results: Of the 301 S. aureus isolates, 90 (29.9%) strains were confirmed as MRSA, and they showed high resistance to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, tobramycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. On the other hand, 43 of the 90 strains (47.8%) were resistant to gentamicin. Aac (6’)-Ie + aph (2’’), ant (4’)-Ia, aph (3’)-IIIa, and ant (6)-Ia were detected in 65.6%, 42.2%, 20%, and 47.8% of the gentamicin-resistant strains, respectively. Diverse PhP types consisting of seven common types and four single types were identified among the strains. Conclusions: Our results illustrated the presence of clonal groups of highly gentamicin-resistant strains of MRSA in hospitals in Tehran. The PhP typing method provided useful information for both clonal dissemination and determining the epidemiological links of the clonal groups of the MRSA strains.
The Effect of Self-Efficacy on Visual Discrimination Sensitivity

Can subjective belief about one's own perceptual competence change one's perception? To address this question, we investigated the influence of self-efficacy on sensory discrimination in two low-level visual tasks: contrast and orientation discrimination. We utilised a pre-post manipulation approach whereby two experimental groups (high and low self-efficacy) and a control group made objective perceptual judgments on the contrast or the orientation of the visual stimuli. High and low self-efficacy were induced by the provision of fake social-comparative performance feedback and fictional research findings. Subsequently, the post-manipulation phase was performed to assess changes in visual discrimination thresholds as a function of the self-efficacy manipulations. The results showed that the high self-efficacy group demonstrated greater improvement in visual discrimination sensitivity compared to both the low self-efficacy and control groups. These findings suggest that subjective beliefs about one's own perceptual competence can affect low-level visual processing.
Exploring Long-Term Impact of Grazing Management on Land Degradation in the Socio-Ecological System of Asteroussia Mountains, Greece

The socio-ecological system dominated by pastureland in the Asteroussia Mountains (Crete, Greece) was analyzed over a long time interval (1945–2010) to identify the most relevant system’s characteristics and changes. Vegetation cover and land-uses have been quantified by analyzing aerial photographs exploring the whole study period. Soil characteristics have been assessed by carrying out an extensive field survey for the last reference year (2010) and by estimating the average soil loss for the past period using the PESERA soil erosion model validated by field measurements. Based on environmental, social and economic attributes, three major periods characterizing the socio-ecological system of Asteroussia Mountains have been distinguished. During the first and second period, the land was satisfactorily managed with moderate–low soil erosion rates despite the adverse (prevailing) soil, topographic and climate conditions for vegetation growth. The third time interval featured a rapid growth in the livestock density causing increased soil erosion rates, loss in plant productivity, and a generalized over-exploitation of natural resources. As a consequence, the desertification process has significantly increased in the last period. The analysis of the long-term evolution of socio-ecological system provided evidence to understand the main drivers of land degradation and to recommend mitigation policies specifically addressing Mediterranean pastureland.
A methodology for proving control systems with Lustre and PVS

We intend to show how to use the synchronous dataflow language Lustre, combined with the PVS proof system in deriving provably-correct (distributed) control programs. We hopefully illustrate, based on a railway emergency braking system example, the features of our approach-asynchronous periodic programs with nearly the same period, communicating by sampling-equational reasoning which leaves to the Lustre compiler the task of scheduling computations-no distinction between control programs and physical environments which are sampled in the same way. This allows us to provide "elementary" proofs based on difference equations instead of differential ones which require more involved PVS formalization.
Unbounded fan-in circuits and associative functions

We consider the computation of finite semigroups using unbounded fan-in circuits. There are constant-depth, polynomial size circuits for semigroup product iff the semigroup does not contain a nontrivial group as a subset. In the case that the semigroup in fact does not contain a group, then for any primitive recursive function f, circuits of size O(nf−1(n)) and constant depth exist for the semigroup product of n elements. The depth depends upon the choice of the primitive recursive function f. The circuits not only compute the semigroup product, but every prefix of the semigroup product. A consequence is that the same bounds apply for circuits computing the sum of two n-bit numbers.
Perceptual Hysteresis Thresholding: Towards Driver Visibility Descriptors

To develop driving assistance systems which alert the driver in case of inadequate speed according to the visibility conditions, it is necessary to have descriptors of the driver visibility and in particular to detect the visible features in the image grabbed by the camera. In this aim, a hysteresis filter is proposed, which is based on the visibility level (VL) rather than on the gradient magnitude of edges. First, edges are extracted. Second, to compute the VL of the edges, a threshold function is computed according to the optical characteristics of the sensor and a contrast sensitivity function of the human visual system. Then, the DCT coefficients of each 8 times 8 block are computed. For each block, the maximum ratio between a DCT coefficient of the block and the corresponding coefficient of the previous threshold function is computed to determine its VL Then, hysteresis filter is performed on VL values along edges which leads to a perceptual hysteresis thresholding. Some guidelines to set the thresholds are indicated. Results are given on images grabbed onboard a vehicle. Finally, different techniques to use this hysteresis thresholding in the domain of driving assistances are proposed.
New uplink opportunistic interference alignment: An active alignment approach

In this paper, we propose two new opportunistic interference alignment (IA) schemes to mitigate interference in the K-cell uplink interference channel. Unlike the existing schemes that basically rely on the channel randomness to achieve asymptotical IA for all cells, the proposed schemes employ an active alignment approach to increase the possibility for perfect partial IA for one cell within the network. Specifically, each user adopts the active alignment transmit beamforming such that the user-generated interference is perfectly aligned along the preferred reference interference direction at one of the base-stations (BS) in other cells. With this approach, our schemes increase the chance to obtain degrees-of-freedom gain even with a small number of users. In addition, several new user selection schemes are proposed, and the BS receiver is optimized to enhance performance. Extensive simulations are conducted, and the results show that the proposed schemes outperform the state-of-the-art under the considered scenarios.
Do Lemmas Speak German? A Verb Position Effect in German Structural Priming

Lexicalized theories of syntax often assume that verb-structure regularities are mediated by lemmas, which abstract over variation in verb tense and aspect. German syntax seems to challenge this assumption, because verb position depends on tense and aspect. To examine how German speakers link these elements, a structural priming study was performed which varied syntactic structure, verb position (encoded by tense and aspect), and verb overlap. Abstract structural priming was found, both within and across verb position, but priming was larger when the verb position was the same between prime and target. Priming was boosted by verb overlap, but there was no interaction with verb position. The results can be explained by a lemma model where tense and aspect are linked to structural choices in German. Since the architecture of this lemma model is not consistent with results from English, a connectionist model was developed which could explain the cross-linguistic variation in the production system. Together, these findings support the view that language learning plays an important role in determining the nature of structural priming in different languages.
Examining why employee proactive personality influences empowering leadership: The roles of cognition‐ and affect‐based trust

Examining why employee proactive personality influences empowering leadership: The roles of cognitionand affect-based trust Soojung Han* , Crystal M. Harold and Minyoung Cheong College of Business & Economics, California State University LA, Los Angeles, California, USA Fox School of Business, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA School of Graduate Professional Studies at Great Valley, Pennsylvania State University, Malvern, Pennsylvania, USA
Consistency of Bayesian nonparametric inference for discretely observed jump diffusions

We introduce verifiable criteria for weak posterior consistency of identifiable Bayesian nonparametric inference for jump diffusions with unit diffusion coefficient and uniformly Lipschitz drift and jump coefficients in arbitrary dimension. The criteria are expressed in terms of coefficients of the SDEs describing the process, and do not depend on intractable quantities such as transition densities. We also show that products of discrete net and Dirichlet mixture model priors satisfy our conditions, again under an identifiability assumption. This generalises known results by incorporating jumps into previous work on unit diffusions with uniformly Lipschitz drift coefficients.
A Neural Representation of Pitch Salience in Nonprimary Human Auditory Cortex Revealed with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Pitch, one of the primary auditory percepts, is related to the temporal regularity or periodicity of a sound. Previous functional brain imaging work in humans has shown that the level of population neural activity in centers throughout the auditory system is related to the temporal regularity of a sound, suggesting a possible relationship to pitch. In the current study, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure activation in response to harmonic tone complexes whose temporal regularity was identical, but whose pitch salience (or perceptual pitch strength) differed, across conditions. Cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus, and primary auditory cortex did not show significant differences in activation level between conditions. Instead, a correlate of pitch salience was found in the neural activity levels of a small, spatially localized region of nonprimary auditory cortex, overlapping the anterolateral end of Heschl's gyrus. The present data contribute to converging evidence that anterior areas of nonprimary auditory cortex play an important role in processing pitch.
Social media and consumer buying decisions in tourism: The case of Turkey

espanolLas redes sociales tienen un papel importante en el proceso de toma de decisiones del consumidor en el turismo como muchas otras empresas. Los comercializadores de turismo y hoteleria pueden llegar a mas consumidores potenciales en poco tiempo y a un costo menor a traves del uso activo de las redes sociales. Este estudio examina el papel de las redes sociales en el proceso de toma de decisiones y las tendencias de compra en linea de los consumidores de turismo y las relaciones potenciales entre la demografia de los participantes y algunas de las variables, como la informacion obtenida de las redes sociales, la utilizacion de las redes sociales para los servicios turisticos, el acto de Compra, influencia e intencion de compartir experiencias de viaje. Se utilizo un metodo de encuesta para recopilar datos de varios usuarios de redes sociales, y se empleo Modelizacion de ecuaciones estructurales para el analisis de datos. De acuerdo a los resultados; Se encontraron relaciones estadisticamente significativas entre las variables de conocimiento sobre servicios turisticos en los medios y las percepciones de utilizacion, influencia en los clientes, intencion de compartir experiencias y actos de compra de servicios turisticos y de hospitalidad. EnglishSocial media play an important role in the consumer’s decision‑making process in tourism as they do in many other business areas. Tourism and hospitality marketers may reach more potential consumers in a shorter time and at a lower cost through the active use of social media. This study examines the influence of social media on the decision‑making process and online buying trends of tourism consumers and the potential relationships between participant demographics and some of the variables such as information obtained from social media, use of social media for tourism services, the act of buying, influence and intention to share travel experiences. A survey method was used to collect data from various social media users, and Structural Equation Modeling was employed for the data analysis. According to the results; statistically meaningful relationships were found between the variables of knowledge about tourism services in the media and perceptions of use, influence on customers, intention to share experiences and the act of buying tourism and hospitality services.
Collaborative Inquiry For 4C Skills

This study aims to determine the effect of collaborative inquiry learning model in improving the skills of 4C (Collaboration, Communication, Critical Thinking, and Creativity) students compared with conventional learning. The study population was all students of tenth grade seven high school in Medan for second semester of the academic year 2017/2018. The sample in this study was taken by cluster random class, the experimental class using inquiry and collaborative learning model class control using conventional learning. The variables in the study consisted of 4C skills as dependent variables and collaborative inquiry models as independent variables. Data were analyzed using t-test. The results showed that the collaborative inquiry learning model is better than the conventional study to improve students' skills for learning physics 4C on the material impulse, momentum and collisions in high school. Student achievement due to the learning process of collaborative inquiry can train students to learn reorganize knowledge through reflection and analysis together, reconstructed through collaborative action, and build knowledge together through their experience to learn and use a variety of resources and implement all the strategies as well as their skills in actions during the course of the investigation.