Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of quick charging of electric vehicles using power from grid and storage batteries

To quickly charge an Electric Vehicle (EV), huge amount of power is required, such that the contracted maximum power from the grid may not be sufficient for a charging station to serve all EVs during peak hours. Therefore, it is expected that the future charging stations will maintain storage batteries for the quick charging of EVs. In this paper, we propose a method called Fair Use Policy-based Offered Energy Calculation to manage the quick charging of EVs using power from the grid and storage batteries. The proposed method calculates the offered energies for the EVs at a charging station taking into account future power demand and aims to satisfy the customers' needs as much as possible and maintain fairness during insufficient supply energy. By performing various simulations, we have found that the proposed method is effective in maintaining customers' satisfaction in terms of charging amount and waiting time for charging.
Double-Step Adaptation of Saccadic Eye Movements Is Influenced by Priming with Age Stereotypies

Age related deficits of sensorimotor adaptation have been observed earlier with arm, but not with eye movements. Here we evaluate whether deficits of eye adaptation may depend on the subjects’ believes about their own sensorimotor abilities. To find out, elderly subjects were primed with positive or negative age stereotypes using the scrambled-sentence task, and were then exposed to a double-step saccade adaptation task. The outcome was compared to data from an earlier study with unprimed elderly persons. We found adaptation to be stronger after positive priming than after negative or no priming, with no difference between the latter two. Aftereffects of adaptation were not modified by priming. From this we conclude that positive primes enhanced workaround strategies, but not adaptive recalibration, while negative primes failed completely, possibly because of a floor effect.
Coverage and rate in cellular networks with multi-user spatial multiplexing

In this paper we consider a multi-user spatial multiplexing (SM) cellular network, where Nt streams are transmitted to Nt users in the cell. Specifically, we obtain the coverage and rate expressions for a system employing zero-forcing (ZF) receiver. Compared to single stream transmission (SST), it is interesting to see that SM degrades the rate for a notable percentage of users. For the case of two and four receiver antennas, the increase in mean rate of SM is modest compared to single stream transmission (SST) while SST provides a gain over SM for cell edge users.
The existential life situations of spouses of persons with dementia before and after relocating to a nursing home

Objectives: The aim was to describe the existential life situations of spouses who care for persons with dementia, before and after relocation to nursing homes. Method: This was a qualitative study among 11 spouses of persons with dementia, recruited via purposeful sampling. Data were collected through interviews and analysed with interpretive content analysis. Results: Before the relocation to nursing homes, the spouses’ existential life situations were characterized by feelings of shame and guilt, being isolated in the home. Spouses were also exposed to psychological threats, physical violence, and had feelings of placing one's own needs last. After the relocation, spouses described feelings of guilt and freedom, living with grief and thoughts of death, feelings of loneliness in the spousal relationship, and striving for acceptance despite a lack of completion. Conclusion: The existential life situation of spouses of persons with dementia is about being in limit situations which changes when the ill person relocates to a nursing home. This is important knowledge for health care staff to bear in mind at nursing homes when encountering spouses.
A capability calculus for concurrency and determinism

This article presents a static system for checking determinism (technically, partial confluence) of communicating concurrent processes. Our approach automatically detects partial confluence in programs communicating via a mix of different kinds of communication methods: rendezvous channels, buffered channels, broadcast channels, and reference cells. Our system reduces the partial confluence checking problem in polynomial time (in the size of the program) to the problem of solving a system of rational linear inequalities, and is thus efficient.
A Tractable Model for Turbulence- and Misalignment-Induced Fading in Optical Wireless Systems

Composite models for the combined effect of both scintillation- and misalignment-induced fading in terrestrial optical wireless systems are often expressed in terms of higher order special functions, making, thus, the performance evaluation of such links quite complicated. In order to overcome this problem, we propose the mixture Gamma distribution as an accurate approximation of the turbulence effect. Then, a tractable mixture distribution is deduced, for the statistical description of the composite scintillation/pointing error effects. Some statistical metrics of the new model are also derived in closed form, which provides insight information for the system design.
2 A Review of Rotator CuffClassifications in Current Use

To better understand the natural history of rotator cuff disease and its treatment, it is crucial to find a reliable method of classifying or describing rotator cuff tears. We can then use this classification to identify appropriate treatments for each type of tear that lead to the best outcomes. There are many rotator cuff classification systems in use today, making it difficult to compare results and to agree on proper treatment. In addition, when using any system, surgeons may not always agree on how a particular tear is classified. After a comprehensive search in the literature available, Kuhn et al. were able to identify nine rotator cuff tear classifications systems that have been recommended to describe partial and full-thickness rotator cuff tears [1]. Each of these systems has been used in studying the outcomes of various treatments for rotator cuff tears. They developed a reliability study of 5 classification’s systems: DeOrio (1984), Ellman (1995), Harryman (1991), Patte (1990), and Wolfgang (1974) [2–6]. The results from
Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: are British Thoracic Society guidelines being followed?

In 1993, the British Thoracic Society (BTS) issued guidelines for the management of spontaneous pneumothorax. The aim of this study was to determine the level of adherence to and awareness of these guidelines at a London teaching hospital. A retrospective case note audit of 59 episodes of acute spontaneous pneumothorax was performed. In patients undergoing intervention, the initial procedure was simple aspiration in 32 (73%) and chest tube insertion in 12 (27%) cases, contrasting with the BTS recommendation that aspiration should be attempted first in all such patients. Simple aspiration was successful on 34% of occasions. Successful aspiration was associated with a significantly shorter hospital stay (median 3, range 1–11 days) than either failed aspiration (7, 3–66 days; p=0.003) or chest tube insertion without aspiration (9, 3–16 days; p=0.005). Other areas where practice differed from the BTS guidelines were clamping of chest tubes and use of a pursestring suture for wound closure. A follow up questionnaire survey suggested a lack of familiarity with the guidelines. These findings indicate that current management of spontaneous pneumothorax deviates from the BTS guidelines in a number of potentially important respects. Attention should be directed to improving awareness of and access to clinical guidelines.
European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association Standards for delivering heart failure care

The management of heart failure (HF) is complex. As a consequence, most cardiology society guidelines now state that HF care should be delivered in a multiprofessional manner. The evidence base for this approach now means that the establishment of HF management programmes is a priority. This document aims to summarize the key elements which should be involved in, as well as some more desirable features which can improve the delivery of care in a HF management programme, while bearing in mind that the specifics of the service may vary from site to site. We envisage a situation whereby all patients have access to the best possible care, including improved access to palliative care services, informed by and responsive to advances in diagnosis management and treatment. The goal should be to provide a ‘seamless' system of care across primary and hospital care so that the management of every patient is optimal, no matter where they begin or continue their health‐care journey.
Cognitive processes, models and metaphors in decision research

Decision research in psychology has traditionally been influenced by the homo oeconomicus metaphor with its emphasis on normative models and deviations from the predictions of those models. In contrast, the principal metaphor of cognitive psychology conceptualizes humans as ‘information processors’, employing processes of perception, memory, categorization, problem solving and so on. Many of the processes described in cognitive theories are similar to those involved in decision making, and thus increasing cross-fertilization between the two areas is an important endeavour. A wide range of models and metaphors has been proposed to explain and describe ‘information processing’ and many models have been applied to decision making in ingenious ways. This special issue encourages cross-fertilization between cognitive psychology and decision research by providing an overview of current perspectives in one area that continues to highlight the benefits of the synergistic approach: cognitive modeling of multi-attribute decision making. In this introduction we discuss aspects of the cognitive system that need to be considered when modeling multi-attribute decision making (e.g., automatic versus controlled processing, learning and memory constraints, metacognition) and illustrate how such aspects are incorporated into the approaches proposed by contributors to the special issue. We end by discussing the challenges posed by the contrasting and sometimes incompatible assumptions of the models and metaphors.
CIO Leadership Profiles: Implications of Matching CIO Authority and Leadership Capability on IT Impact

Ultimately, organizations invest in information technology (IT) initiatives to improve their level of performance. However, there have been mixed results from the payoff of IT investments. This article presents evidence that the variation in benefits derived from IT is in part due to the organization’s CIO leadership profile. This profile is determined by whether the CIO’s level of strategic decision-making authority is high or low, and whether his or her strategic leadership capability is high or low. We label the resulting four CIO leadership profiles: (1) IT Orchestrator, (2) IT Laggard, (3) IT Advisor and (4) IT Mechanic, and have identified the typical characteristics of CIOs that match each of these profiles. Based on empirical data collected from a field study
Contribution to the Study of the Structure of the Main Ligneous Species in the Preservation of Forest Spaces in the Monts of Saida and Dhaya (Algerian West)

In arid Mediterranean region, the structure of forest stands is the image of their capabilities durability and resistance demonstrated by the rate of land by persistent vegetation recovery rate by stratum and living space, which are useful for understanding the dynamics of vegetation. These three criteria used to classify the different layers according to their importance in bioclimatic zones, the semi-arid and sub-humid, and the most dominant in Algeria. The arborescent and shrub Stratum plays an important role in the two bioclimatic zones points of view recovery; points of view land soil occupation in semi-arid is the under shrub stratum in which premium and shrub Stratum for the sub-humid. Eight principal forest species that dominate the area, their living space depends on density and regeneration capacity, it varies between 28 and 222 square meter depending on the species inducing bad conduct densities and silvicultural work. For that, to preserve these strata with the species composition and ensure stability, a silvicultural work or plantations are necessary.
Short and Long-Term Outcomes of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Autoimmune Pancreatitis after Steroid Therapy

Background/Aims Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is frequently associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study evaluated the effect of steroid therapy on the course of DM in AIP. Methods Glucose tolerance was examined in 69 patients with AIP. DM onset was classified as either a simultaneous onset with AIP or an exacerbation of pre-existing DM. Based on the changes in the HbA1c levels and insulin dose, the responses of DM to steroids were classified as improved, no change, or worsened. Results Thirty (46%) patients were diagnosed as having DM (simultaneous onset, n=17; pre-existing, n=13). Three months after starting the steroid treatment, the DM improved in 13 (54%) of 24 DM patients. The DM improved in 55%, had no change in 36%, and worsened in 9% of the 11 simultaneous onset DM patients, and it improved in 54%, had no change in 31%, and worsened in 15% of the 13 pre-existing DM patients. At approximately 3 years after starting the steroid treatment, the DM improved in 10 (63%) of 16 patients. The pancreatic exocrine function improved in parallel with the changes in the DM in seven patients. Conclusions Because approximately 60% of DM associated with AIP is responsive to steroids in the short- and long-terms, marked DM associated with AIP appears to be an indication for steroid therapy.
Low Levels of Physical Activity Increase Metabolic Responsiveness to Cold in a Rat (Rattus fuscipes)

Background Physical activity modulates expression of metabolic genes and may therefore be a prerequisite for metabolic responses to environmental stimuli. However, the extent to which exercise interacts with environmental conditions to modulate metabolism is unresolved. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that even low levels of physical activity are beneficial by improving metabolic responsiveness to temperatures below the thermal neutral zone, thereby increasing the capacity for substrate oxidation and energy expenditure. Methodology/Principal Findings We used wild rats (Rattus fuscipes) to avoid potential effects of breeding on physiological phenotypes. Exercise acclimation (for 30 min/day on 5 days/week for 30 days at 60% of maximal performance) at 22°C increased mRNA concentrations of PGC1α, PPARδ, and NRF-1 in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue compared to sedentary animals. Lowering ambient temperature to 12°C caused further increases in relative expression of NRF-1 in skeletal muscle, and of PPARδ of brown adipose tissue. Surprisingly, relative expression of UCP1 increased only when both exercise and cold stimuli were present. Importantly, in sedentary animals cold acclimation (12°C) alone did not change any of the above variables. Similarly, cold alone did not increase maximum capacity for substrate oxidation in mitochondria (cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase activities) of either muscle or brown adipose tissue. Animals that exercised regularly had higher exercise induced metabolic rates in colder environments than sedentary rats, and temperature induced metabolic scope was greater in exercised rats. Conclusions/Significance Physical activity is a necessary prerequisite for the expression of transcriptional regulators that influence a broad range of physiological functions from energy metabolism to cardiovascular function and nutrient uptake. A sedentary lifestyle leads to decreased daily energy expenditure because of a lack of direct use of energy and a muted metabolic response to ambient temperature, which can be reversed even by low levels of physical activity.
Cardiac surgery increases the activity of matrix metalloproteinases and nitric oxide synthase in human hearts.

OBJECTIVES Heart function is variably impaired after cardiopulmonary bypass. We hypothesized that, similar to other myocardial injury states, cardiopulmonary bypass leads to enhanced activity of nitric oxide synthase and matrix metalloproteinases. METHODS We obtained right atrial biopsy specimens and plasma samples at the onset and termination of cardiopulmonary bypass in 10 patients. Biopsy specimens were analyzed for nitric oxide synthase activity by using a citrulline assay, whereas plasma and tissue were analyzed for matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity by using zymography. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 was analyzed by means of Western blotting. The cellular expression of inducible nitric oxide, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 was determined in right atrial biopsy samples from 3 additional patients by using the appropriate conjugated antibodies. RESULTS Nitric oxide synthase activity increased from the beginning to the end of bypass (4.46 +/- 1.07 vs 16.77 +/- 4.86 pmol citrulline/mg of protein per minute, respectively; P =.018). Pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity increased in hearts (199 +/- 41 vs 660 +/- 177 density units/mg protein; P =.008) and plasma (14.1 +/- 4.6 vs 52.2 +/- 5.9 density units/mg protein; P =.008). Pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity increased in the heart (201 +/- 23 vs 310 +/- 35 density units/mg protein, P <.05) but not in plasma. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 expression in the heart decreased (1574 +/- 280 vs 864 +/- 153 density units, P =.014). CONCLUSIONS Cardiopulmonary bypass activates enzymes mediating acute inflammation and organ injury (ie, nitric oxide synthase, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and matrix metalloproteinase-2). Decreased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 expression allows relatively unopposed increases in matrix metalloproteinase tissue activity. We postulate that these changes play a role in the pathogenesis of heart dysfunction after bypass surgery.
Descriptive epidemiology and risk factors for eliminations from Fédération Equestre Internationale endurance rides due to lameness and metabolic reasons (2008-2011).

REASONS FOR PERFORMING THE STUDY There is limited information on international endurance rides and on risk factors for eliminations. OBJECTIVES To describe and compare the frequency of occurrence of elimination due to lameness and metabolic reasons from Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI) endurance rides (≥100 km) during 2008-2011 in all countries and to assess risk factors for elimination due to lameness and metabolic reasons. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective unmatched case-control study. METHODS Data collected from the FEI website included the following: the country where the ride was held; the year; the result for each horse-rider combination; the number of entries in each class; whether the class was restricted to young riders; and the winning speed. Descriptive data were summarised, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess risk factors for eliminations due to lameness and metabolic reasons. RESULTS Between 2008 and 2011, there were 30,741 horse starts at FEI endurance rides of 100-160 km distance in 47 countries. Of all started horses, 30% were eliminated for lameness. Eliminations for metabolic reasons were recorded for 8.7% of all started horses. There was a large range of winning speeds amongst countries (10.2-29.5 km/h). Multivariable analysis revealed that the risk of elimination due to lameness was significantly associated with the country where the ride was held, the year, the distance of the ride and the number of entries. Elimination for metabolic reasons was significantly associated with the country where the ride was held, the year and the number of entries. CONCLUSIONS Differences existed among elimination rates at FEI endurance rides in different countries (2008-2011). Lameness was the most common reason for elimination globally. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE These results provide objective global data on endurance riding that can replace anecdotal information, which has been the base of opinions, decisions and regulations. The Summary is available in Chinese - see Supporting information.
Determinants of quality of life in patients near the end of life: a longitudinal perspective.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES to describe the quality of life (QOL) of patients near the end of life and to identify determinants of their QOL. DESIGN descriptive, longitudinal. SETTING university-affiliated cancer center, two private oncologists' offices, and patients' homes. SAMPLE 80 patients with either stage IIIb or IV lung cancer newly diagnosed in the previous month or recurrent lung cancer with distant disease. METHODS patients were interviewed for responses to instruments to assess demographic, physical, psychosocial, and spiritual characteristics. Baseline data were collected at the patients' places of oncology care. Home visits were made for the two-month and four-month data collection points. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES QOL; symptom frequency, severity, and distress; functional status; anxiety; depression. FINDINGS fifty percent of patients died within five months of their lung cancer diagnosis. Patients reported a relatively high QOL that did not change significantly as they approached the end of life. Symptom distress was the strongest determinant of QOL, followed by symptom severity, symptom frequency, and depression. CONCLUSIONS QOL was most affected by symptoms experienced in patients with advanced lung cancer, particularly distress associated with symptoms. Interventions for symptom management must be implemented at diagnosis because patients in this population may approach the end of life quickly. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING a routine and thorough symptom assessment is imperative for patients with advanced lung cancer. Attention to symptom distress is important because of its effect on QOL.
TssA forms a gp6‐like ring attached to the type VI secretion sheath

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a supra‐molecular bacterial complex that resembles phage tails. It is a killing machine which fires toxins into target cells upon contraction of its TssBC sheath. Here, we show that TssA1 is a T6SS component forming dodecameric ring structures whose dimensions match those of the TssBC sheath and which can accommodate the inner Hcp tube. The TssA1 ring complex binds the T6SS sheath and impacts its behaviour in vivo. In the phage, the first disc of the gp18 sheath sits on a baseplate wherein gp6 is a dodecameric ring. We found remarkable sequence and structural similarities between TssA1 and gp6 C‐termini, and propose that TssA1 could be a baseplate component of the T6SS. Furthermore, we identified similarities between TssK1 and gp8, the former interacting with TssA1 while the latter is found in the outer radius of the gp6 ring. These observations, combined with similarities between TssF and gp6N‐terminus or TssG and gp53, lead us to propose a comparative model between the phage baseplate and the T6SS.