Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in myosin S1 orientation and force induced by a temperature increase

Force generation in myosin-based motile systems is thought to result from an angular displacement of the myosin subfragment 1 (S1) tail domain with respect to the actin filament axis. In muscle, raised temperature increases the force generated by S1, implying a greater change in tail domain angular displacement. We used time-resolved x-ray diffraction to investigate the structural corollary of this force increase by measuring M3 meridional reflection intensity during sinusoidal length oscillations. This technique allows definition of S1 orientation with respect to the myofilament axis. M3 intensity changes were approximately sinusoid at low temperatures but became increasingly distorted as temperature was elevated, with the formation of a double intensity peak at maximum shortening. This increased distortion could be accounted for by assuming a shift in orientation of the tail domain of actin-bound S1 toward the orientation at which M3 intensity is maximal, which is consistent with a tail domain rotation model of force generation in which the tail approaches a more perpendicular projection from the thin filament axis at higher temperatures. In power stroke simulations, the angle between S1 tail mean position during oscillations and the position at maximum intensity decreased by 4.7°, corresponding to a mean tail displacement toward the perpendicular of 0.73 nm for a temperature-induced force increase of 0.28 P0 from 4 to 22°C. Our findings suggest that at least 62% of crossbridge compliance is associated with the tail domain.
FULL RELATIONSHIP AMONG E-SATISFACTION, E- TRUST, E-SERVICE QUALITY, AND E-LOYALTY: THE CASE OF IRAN E-BANKING

Customer e-loyalty is an important issue in the very competitive environment of e-banking. Different studies show that e-loyalty is influenced by e-satisfaction, e-trust and e-service quality. However, little attention has been given in the literature to fully understand the full relationships among them. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the impacts of e-satisfaction, e-trust and e-service quality on eloyalty, in e-banking as an aspect of B2C e-commerce context. Data was collected to test the model from faculties and students of Tehran universities as respondents, and empirical analyses were performed using SEM. The analytical results indicate that although service quality, e-satisfaction, and e-trust have strong direct effect on e-loyalty, impacts of indirect effects (with e-satisfaction and e-trust playing mediating roles) are more significant. Additionally, this study represents a framework that indicates the full relationship among the three factors and their (direct and indirect) effects on e-loyalty, a phenomenon that has not previously been explored.
Lipid profile in antipsychotic drug users: A comparative study

BACKGROUND Schizophrenic patients who receive antipsychotic drugs may be highly prone to metabolic disorders such as weight gain, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of atypical and conventional antipsychotics on lipid profile. METHODS 128 schizophrenic patients were enrolled into the study. Patients were divided into two groups. One group had received one type of atypical antipsychotic drug, and, the other, one type of conventional antipsychotic drug. They were considered as atypical and conventional groups. Moreover, both groups had not used any other antipsychotic drugs during the past year. Demographic data and food frequency questionnaire were completed by the participants. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterols, and apolipoprotein A and B (Apo B) were tested by blood sample drawing after 12 hours of fasting through the antecubital vein. Student’s t-test was used to compare atypical and conventional groups. RESULTS There was no significant difference in age, gender, duration of illness, period of drug consumption, and age at onset of illness in the two groups. Patients in the atypical group used clozapine and risperidone (46.9%) more than olanzapine. In the conventional group 81.3% of patients used phenothiazines. Comparison between lipid profile in the conventional and atypical groups showed a significantly higher mean in TC (P = 0.01), LDL (P = 0.03), and Apo B (P = 0.01) in conventional group than the atypical group. CONCLUSION In schizophrenic patients, the level of lipid profile had been increased in both atypical and conventional antipsychotic users, especially conventional users, so the effect of antipsychotic drugs should be investigated periodically.
Rural and remote Australian general practice nurses' sources of evidence for knowledge translation: a cross-sectional survey.

PURPOSE This paper explores nurses' sources of knowledge for evidence-based practice, comparing rural/remote, urban and regional participants. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of practice nurses in the state of Victoria was conducted in 2008. The instrument used was the Developing Evidence-based Practice Questionnaire - Au, distributed to a convenience sample of nurses with response of 590 (33%). Survey data were stratified by geographical location for this exploratory report. RESULTS The sample was representative of practice nurses, with half employed in either regional or rural and remote areas. Rural and remote nurses were less qualified in nursing than urban nurses. However, rural, remote and regional nurses were significantly less likely to apply experiential knowledge as evidence and were more likely to source knowledge from clinical nurse specialists or nurse practitioners, local audit reports or articles in research and medical journals. Nurses in each work category reported in-service training, conferences and information shared by colleagues as important in developing their knowledge for practice. According to participants, evidence-based practice would be promoted by allocation of work time, education and training in research skills, and improved access to resources. CONCLUSIONS Rural and remote practice nurses prioritised the development of their skills in sourcing and appraising evidence for practice as a strategy to facilitate knowledge translation at the point of care.
IL-10 Dampens TNF/Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase-Producing Dendritic Cell-Mediated Pathogenicity during Parasitic Infection1

Antiparasite responses are associated with the recruitment of monocytes that differentiate to macrophages and dendritic cells at the site of infection. Although classically activated monocytic cells are assumed to be the major source of TNF and NO during Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection, their cellular origin remains unclear. In this study, we show that bone marrow-derived monocytes accumulate and differentiate to TNF/inducible NO synthase-producing dendritic cells (TIP-DCs) in the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes of T. brucei brucei-infected mice. Although TIP-DCs have been shown to play a beneficial role in the elimination of several intracellular pathogens, we report that TIP-DCs, as a major source of TNF and NO in inflamed organs, could contribute actively to tissue damage during the chronic stage of T. brucei brucei infection. In addition, the absence of IL-10 leads to enhanced differentiation of monocytes to TIP-DCs, resulting in exacerbated pathogenicity and early death of the host. Finally, we demonstrate that sustained production of IL-10 following IL-10 gene delivery treatment with an adeno-associated viral vector to chronically infected mice limits the differentiation of monocytes to TIP-DCs and protects the host from tissue damage.
Tourism and identity-related motivations: why am I here (and not there)?

This paper examines past and present literature relating to identity development and identity-related tourism motivation. It presents a theoretical model of identity-related tourism motivation that is based on multidimensional rather than unidimensional theories of identity as well as acknowledging both individual and social influences on identity development. It is argued that identity-related motivations are fundamental to all tourist experiences and vital to understanding not only why individuals engage in tourism but what benefits they derive from the experience, suggesting that tourism is often used by individuals as a means to explore, maintain and even disengage from particular aspects of identity.
Tree-Structure Bayesian Compressive Sensing for Video

A Bayesian compressive sensing framework is developed for video reconstruction based on the color coded aperture compressive temporal imaging (CACTI) system. By exploiting the three dimension (3D) tree structure of the wavelet and Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) coefficients, a Bayesian compressive sensing inversion algorithm is derived to reconstruct (up to 22) color video frames from a single monochromatic compressive measurement. Both simulated and real datasets are adopted to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Spectrum of renal pathology in hematopoietic cell transplantation: a series of 20 patients and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hematopoietic cell transplantation is a common treatment option for a variety of hematopoietic malignancies. As a result of the use of total body irradiation and/or chemotherapeutic agents, renal dysfunction often ensues. Many pharmacologic agents, such as cyclosporine and high-intensity conditioning regimens, have been linked with thrombotic microangiopathy. In addition, an association between membranous nephropathy and graft-versus-host disease has been reported in this clinical setting. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASUREMENTS A study of autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation patients with renal dysfunction was conducted to document the spectrum of renal manifestations. The pathology files at the University of Washington and University of Chicago Medical Centers were reviewed, and 20 patients with a kidney biopsy after hematopoietic cell transplantation were identified. The histologic findings were correlated with relevant clinical information. RESULTS A wide spectrum of renal diseases could be classified into four categories: (1) Complications related to hematopoietic cell transplantation (conditioning regimen, immunosuppression, or posttransplantation complications), (2) podocytopathy, (3) membranous nephropathy, or (4) recurrence or persistence of original hematologic disease. Pathologic diagnoses included thrombotic microangiopathy, polyoma virus nephropathy, acute kidney injury/acute tubular necrosis, acute and chronic interstitial nephritis, minimal-change disease, "tip" variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, amyloidosis, and myeloma cast nephropathy. Membranous nephropathy, minimal-change disease, and amyloidosis were common causes of severe proteinuria. Because of the conditioning regimens, posttransplantation complications, and potential nephrotoxic agents used during hematopoietic cell transplantation, it was difficult to attribute the subsequent renal dysfunction to specific factors. CONCLUSIONS The renal biopsy remains essential for diagnosing the underlying injury that can affect one or more compartments of the kidney in this unique clinical setting.
A Critique of the Concept of At Risk as Applied to Emergent Literacy.

The term at risk originated in the epidemiological literature and, generally, does not assign "blame" for being at risk; it merely describes the probabilities of specific groups for contracting certain diseases. I began my search of the educational, psychological, and anthropological literature for discussions of the meaning of at risk for failure in school-based literacy lessons. I was interested in the theoretical model(s) from which the term sprung. In such theoretical models, I hoped I would find assumptions about the respective roles of children, adults, and environments.
A Pooled Analysis of Body Mass Index and Mortality among African Americans

Pooled analyses among whites and East Asians have demonstrated positive associations between all-cause mortality and body mass index (BMI), but studies of African Americans have yielded less consistent results. We examined the association between BMI and all-cause mortality in a sample of African Americans pooled from seven prospective cohort studies: NIH-AARP, 1995–2009; Adventist Health Study 2, 2002–2008; Black Women's Health Study, 1995–2009; Cancer Prevention Study II, 1982–2008; Multiethnic Cohort Study, 1993–2007; Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Screening Trial, 1993–2009; Southern Community Cohort Study, 2002–2009. 239,526 African Americans (including 100,175 never smokers without baseline heart disease, stroke, or cancer), age 30–104 (mean 52) and 71% female, were followed up to 26.5 years (mean 11.7). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality were derived from multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Among healthy, never smokers (11,386 deaths), HRs (CI) for BMI 25–27.4, 27.5–29.9, 30–34.9, 35–39.9, 40–49.9, and 50–60 kg/m2 were 1.02 (0.92–1.12), 1.06 (0.95–1.18), 1.32 (1.18–1.47), 1.54 (1.29–1.83), 1.93 (1.46–2.56), and 1.93 (0.80–4.69), respectively among men and 1.06 (0.99–1.15), 1.15 (1.06–1.25), 1.24 (1.15–1.34), 1.58 (1.43–1.74), 1.80 (1.60–2.02), and 2.31 (1.74–3.07) respectively among women (reference category 22.5–24.9). HRs were highest among those with the highest educational attainment, longest follow-up, and for cardiovascular disease mortality. Obesity was associated with a higher risk of mortality in African Americans, similar to that observed in pooled analyses of whites and East Asians. This study provides compelling evidence to support public health efforts to prevent excess weight gain and obesity in African Americans.
Statin use and risk of pancreatic cancer: Results from a large, clinic‐based case‐control study

Statins are cholesterol‐lowering medications with pleiotropic effects, including alterations in growth signaling, as well as immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory effects that may alter cancer risk. Evidence from previous epidemiologic studies is inconsistent about whether statin use is associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer (PC).
A Biophysically‐Based Model of the Optical Properties of Skin Aging

This paper presents a time‐varying, multi‐layered biophysically‐based model of the optical properties of human skin, suitable for simulating appearance changes due to aging. We have identified the key aspects that cause such changes, both in terms of the structure of skin and its chromophore concentrations, and rely on the extensive medical and optical tissue literature for accurate data. Our model can be expressed in terms of biophysical parameters, optical parameters commonly used in graphics and rendering (such as spectral absorption and scattering coefficients), or more intuitively with higher‐level parameters such as age, gender, skin care or skin type. It can be used with any rendering algorithm that uses diffusion profiles, and it allows to automatically simulate different types of skin at different stages of aging, avoiding the need for artistic input or costly capture processes. While the presented skin model is inspired on tissue optics studies, we also provided a simplified version valid for non‐diagnostic applications.
A metabolite of leucine (β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate) given to sows during pregnancy alters bone development of their newborn offspring by hormonal modulation

The effects of dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation during gestation on bone, growth plate, and articular cartilage in newborns were determined. Thermal analysis of articular cartilage was performed to examine the structural changes in collagen. At day 70 of gestation, a total of 12 sows (Large White Polish breed, at the second parity) were randomly assigned to two groups, with each group receiving either a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.2 g/day HMB until the 90th day. Maternal HMB supplementation enhanced body weight, bone length, and diameter in males. It also improved geometric and mechanical properties contributing to increased bone morphology and endurance. In turn, alteration of the length was only observed in females. The positive effects were mediated by increased serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 and leptin. HMB-treatment enhanced the concentration of FSH, LH, estradiol, and testosterone. Serum TAP was enhanced by the HMB-treatment by 34% in females and 138% in males. Beneficial effects of the HMB-treatment on trabecular bone and content of proteoglycans in articular cartilage were shown. The HMB-treatment significantly changed the collagen structure in cartilages, especially in the females, which was demonstrated by the PSR analysis. Differences between the HMB-supplemented and the control females in the calorimetric peak temperatures were presumably related to different collagen fibril density in the articular cartilage structure. In summary, maternal HMB supplementation in the mid-gestation period significantly improved general growth and mechanical endurance of long bones by the influence on the somatotropic and pituitary-gonadal axes in the offspring.
Sequential cost-sensitive decision making with reinforcement learning

Recently, there has been increasing interest in the issues of cost-sensitive learning and decision making in a variety of applications of data mining. A number of approaches have been developed that are effective at optimizing cost-sensitive decisions when each decision is considered in isolation. However, the issue of sequential decision making, with the goal of maximizing total benefits accrued over a period of time instead of immediate benefits, has rarely been addressed. In the present paper, we propose a novel approach to sequential decision making based on the reinforcement learning framework. Our approach attempts to learn decision rules that optimize a sequence of cost-sensitive decisions so as to maximize the total benefits accrued over time. We use the domain of targeted' marketing as a testbed for empirical evaluation of the proposed method. We conducted experiments using approximately two years of monthly promotion data derived from the well-known KDD Cup 1998 donation data set. The experimental results show that the proposed method for optimizing total accrued benefits out performs the usual targeted-marketing methodology of optimizing each promotion in isolation. We also analyze the behavior of the targeting rules that were obtained and discuss their appropriateness to the application domain.
Ultralow loss and long length photonic crystal fiber

We have succeeded in fabricating a low-loss and long length photonic crystal fiber (PCF) by improvement of fabrication process. The fiber is 10 km long and has a lowest loss of 0.37 dB/km at 1550 nm ever reported. We also succeeded in reducing the OH absorption loss to 3 dB/km. This is almost the half of the value ever reported. Using the low-loss PCF, we performed the first DWDM transmission experiment. DWDM signal of 8/spl times/10 Gbit/s is successfully transmitted through the PCF.
The Impact of Long-Term Meditation on Attentional Engagement

Meditation kann als mentales Training aufgefasst werden, welches positive Eigenschaften wie allgemeines Wohlbefinden und Aufmerksamkeit fordert. Daruber hinaus kann es zu einer generellen Schulung kognitiver Fahigkeiten und zur Starkung emotionaler Prozesse beitragen. Es wird vermutet, dass Meditation – uber einen langeren Zeitraum praktiziert – Geist und Korper nachhaltig beeinflusst und moglicherweise mit Veranderungen im Gehirn in Zusammenhang steht. Eine Studie, in der Probanden ablenkende auditorische Reize prasentiert wurden, zeigte, dass Achtsamkeitsmeditation zu einer Reduktion des P3a Potentials fuhrt, wobei dieses ereigniskorrelierte Potential ein Index dafur ist, wie viel Aufmerksamkeit einem prasentierten Reiz beigemessen wird. Es wird vermutet, dass Konzentrationsmeditation zu einer noch drastischeren Reduktion der P3a Amplitude fuhrt, da wahrend dieser Art der Praxis der Meditierende verstarkt fokussiert ist und daher Storgerausche weniger stark wahrgenommen werden. In dieser Masterarbeit wurden nun Meditierende dazu angehalten beide Arten der Meditation – Achtsamkeitsmeditation wie auch Konzentrationsmeditation – durchzufuhren. Zwei zusatzliche Kontrollzustande (aktives Zuhoren, "Tagtraumen") dienten auserdem dazu die Unterschiede zwischen Meditation und Nicht-Meditation zu untersuchen. Zusatzlich wurde eine Kontrollgruppe in die Studie miteinbezogen, um neben dem Einfluss des Meditationszustandes auch mogliche Auswirkungen von Meditation, die uber Jahre hinweg praktiziert wurde, zu beobachten. Ein sogenanntes auditorisches Oddball-Paradigma wurde verwendet, um die ereigniskorrellierten Potentiale zu evozieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigten keine P3a Amplitudenunterschiede zwischen den beiden Arten der Meditation und dem Kontrollzustand des "Tagtraumens". Verglichen mit dem Kontrollzustand, in dem aktive Aufmerksamkeit den Tonen gegenuber aufgebracht werden sollte, wurden jedoch verminderte Amplituden fur beide Arten der Meditation festgestellt. Dies traf jedoch auch auf den anderen Kontrollzustand zu. Der Vergleich beider Meditationsarten erbrachte keinerlei signifikante Unterschiede. Diese Resultate weisen darauf hin, dass die Induktion eines Meditationszustandes keine Unterschiede zu einem Nicht-Meditationszustand aufweist. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde gezeigt, dass Meditation moglicherweise zu nachhaltigen neurophysiologischen Veranderungen beitragen kann. Der Vergleich zwischen den Meditierenden und der Kontrollgruppe zeigte eine verminderte P3a Amplitude uber den gesamten Versuchsaufbau – fur beide Arten der Meditation und beide Kontrollzustande – fur die zentralen und hinteren Elektroden. Diese Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass erfahrene Meditierende allgemein weniger durch Storgerausche abgelenkt werden und dass Meditation moglicherweise zu Veranderungen bestimmter Hirnprozesse, die mit Aufmerksamkeit in Verbindung stehen, fuhren kann.
The social psychology of protest

Social psychological research has taught us a lot about why people protest. This article provides a theoretical and empirical overview. Discussed are grievances, efficacy, identification, emotions and social embeddedness, followed by the most recent approaches, which combine these concepts into dual pathway models. Finally, two future directions are discussed: (1) to shed light on the paradox of persistent participation, and (2) to clarify how perceptions of sociopolitical context affects protest participation.