Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between starting and finishing position in World Cup BMX racing

The BMX start is one of the most important aspects of BMX racing and has been deemed by coaches as one of the strongest determining factors of finish line placing. The present study analysed the correlation between elite BMX riders and their relative position at the start of a BMX race in relation to finish line placing. Data from 348 riders results in 175 elite races in the four 2012 Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) world cup events were analysed. Time gates were placed in four positions around each BMX track and the data sets were analysed using Kendall’s tau-b bivariante correlation. A strong correlation was established at the second time gate for both males (t=0.581, P<0.01) and females (t=0.571, P<0.01). The correlation between riders’ final placing was greater in positions 1st to 3rd (t=0.586, P <0.01. 4th to 8th t=0.249, P <0.01) compared to riders placed 4th to 8th (t=0.519, P <0.01. 4th to 8th t=0.372, P <0.01.) for both male and female riders respectively. In conclusion, a strong correlation exists between riders position 8-10 s into a race. Therefore, focusing on a riders’ ability to gain placings at the start of a race will have an effect on their finish line position.
Understanding a developer social network and its evolution

With the growing number of large scale software projects, software development and maintenance demands the participation of larger groups. Having a thorough understanding of the group of developers is critical for improving development and maintenance quality and reducing cost. In contrast to most commercial software endeavors, developers in open source software (OSS) projects enjoy more freedom to organize and contribute to a project in their own working style. Their interactions through various means in the project generate a latent developer social network (DSN). We have observed that developers and their relationships in these DSNs change continually under the influence of differences in the set of active developers and their changing activities. Revealing and understanding the structure and evolution of these social networks as well as their similarities and differences from other more general social networks (GSNs) is of value to our software engineering community, as it allows us to begin building an understanding of how well the findings from other fields based on GSNs apply to DSN. In this paper, we compare DSNs with popular GSNs such as Facebook, Twitter, Cyworld (a large social network in South Korea), and the Amazon recommendation network. We found, for instance, that while most social networks exhibit power law degree distributions, our DSNs do not. In addition, we also examine how DSNs evolve over time, highlighting how events within a project (such as a release of new software or the departure of prominent developers) impact the makeup of the DSNs, and observe the evolution of topological properties such as modularity and the paths of communities within these networks.
Feasibility and Safety of Moderate Hypothermia After Massive Hemispheric Infarction

Background and Purpose— Moderate hypothermia decreases ischemic damage in experimental stroke models. This multicenter study was performed to evaluate (1) the safety and feasibility of moderate hypothermia and (2) its potential to reduce intracranial hypertension in acute stroke patients. Methods— Fifty prospective patients with cerebral infarction involving at least the complete middle cerebral artery territory treated with moderate hypothermia were evaluated. Hypothermia was induced with the use of cooling blankets as well as alcohol and ice bags within 22±9 hours after stroke onset and maintained for 24 to 72 hours; subsequently, patients passively rewarmed over a mean duration of 17 hours. Outcome was assessed at 4 weeks and at 3 months. Results— Time required for cooling to <33°C varied from 3.5 to 11 hours. The most frequent complications of hypothermic therapy were thrombocytopenia (70%), bradycardia (62%), and pneumonia (48%). Four patients (8%) died during hypothermia as a result of severe coagulopathy, cardiac failure, or uncontrollable intracranial hypertension. An additional 15 patients (30%) died during or after rewarming because of rebound increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) and fatal herniation. A shorter (<16 hours) rewarming period was associated with a more pronounced rise of ICP. Elevated ICP values were significantly reduced under hypothermia. Neurological outcome according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 4 weeks after stroke was 29, and Rankin Scale score 3 months after stroke was 2.9. Conclusions— Moderate hypothermia is feasible in patients with acute stroke, although it is associated with several side effects. Most deaths occur during rewarming as a result of excessive ICP rise. Our preliminary observation that a longer duration of the rewarming period limits the ICP increase remains to be confirmed in future studies.
Genomic Analysis of a Serotype 5 Streptococcus pneumoniae Outbreak in British Columbia, Canada, 2005–2009

Background. Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause a wide spectrum of disease, including invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). From 2005 to 2009 an outbreak of IPD occurred in Western Canada, caused by a S. pneumoniae strain with multilocus sequence type (MLST) 289 and serotype 5. We sought to investigate the incidence of IPD due to this S. pneumoniae strain and to characterize the outbreak in British Columbia using whole-genome sequencing. Methods. IPD was defined according to Public Health Agency of Canada guidelines. Two isolates representing the beginning and end of the outbreak were whole-genome sequenced. The sequences were analyzed for single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and putative genomic islands. Results. The peak of the outbreak in British Columbia was in 2006, when 57% of invasive S. pneumoniae isolates were serotype 5. Comparison of two whole-genome sequenced strains showed only 10 SNVs between them. A 15.5 kb genomic island was identified in outbreak strains, allowing the design of a PCR assay to track the spread of the outbreak strain. Discussion. We show that the serotype 5 MLST 289 strain contains a distinguishing genomic island, which remained genetically consistent over time. Whole-genome sequencing holds great promise for real-time characterization of outbreaks in the future and may allow responses tailored to characteristics identified in the genome.
A mixed methods investigation of a typology of reactive and proactive aggression

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Effects of attention and arousal on early responses in striate cortex

Humans employ attention to facilitate perception of relevant stimuli. Visual attention can bias the selection of a location in the visual field, a whole visual object or any visual feature of an object. Attention draws on both current behavioral goals and/or the saliency of physical attributes of a stimulus, and it influences activity of different brain regions at different latencies. Attentional effect in the striate and extrastriate cortices has been the subject of intense research interest in many recent studies. The consensus emerging from them places the first attentional effects in extrastriate areas, which in turn modulate activity of V1 at later latencies. In this view attention influences activity in striate cortex some 150 ms after stimulus onset. Here we use magnetoencephalography to compare brain responses to foveally presented identical stimuli under the conditions of passive viewing, when the stimuli are irrelevant to the subject and under an active GO/NOGO task, when the stimuli are cues instructing the subject to make or inhibit movement of his/her left or right index finger. The earliest striate activity was identified 40–45 ms after stimulus onset, and it was identical in passive and active conditions. Later striate response starting at about 70 ms and reaching a peak at about 100 ms showed a strong attentional modulation. Even before the striate cortex, activity of the right inferior parietal lobule was modulated by attention, suggesting this region as a candidate for mediating attentional signals to the striate cortex.
On the Unfolding of Folded Symplectic Structures

A folded symplectic structure is a closed 2-form which is nondegenerate except on a hypersurface, and whose restriction to that hypersurface has maximal rank. We show how a compact manifold equipped with a folded symplectic structure can sometimes be broken apart, or “unfolded”, into honest compact symplectic orbifolds. A folded symplectic structure induces a spin-c structure which is canonical (up to homotopy). We describe how the index of the spin-c Dirac operator behaves with respect to unfolding.
Spatial and Temporal Specialization in Forest Ecosystem Management Under Sole Ownership

“Ecosystem management” complicates forest management considerably. In this paper we extend the economic analysis of forestry to capture both the temporal and the spatial dimensions, allowing optimization of timber harvest decisions throughout an ecosystem. Dynamic programming simulations illustrate the implications for the simplest ecosystem, consisting of two forest management units. Results indicate that explicit recognition of ecological interactions, even between identical forest stands, may prescribe specialization through time and across space. Such spatial and temporal specialization leverages opportunities to provide ecosystem goods that may be foregone through reliance on “rules of thumb” derived from models that focus on the single stand. Copyright 1997, Oxford University Press.
Food intake is inhibited by oral oleoylethanolamide Published, JLR Papers in Press, April 1, 2004. DOI 10.1194/jlr.C300008-JLR200

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) may be an endogenous regulator of food intake, and intraperitoneal injection of this compound decreases food intake in 24 h-starved rats (Rodriguez de Fonseca, F., M. Navarro, R. Gómez, L. Escuredo, F. Nava, J. Fu, E. Murillo-Rodríguez, A. Giuffrida, J. LoVerme, S. Gaetani, S. Kathuria, C. Gall, and D. Piomelli. 2001. An anorexic lipid mediator regulated by feeding. Nature. 414: 209–212). It is generally believed that this kind of lipid amide is rapidly catabolized in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby preventing its use as an oral antiobesity compound. We now show that oral OEA inhibits food intake dose dependently at 90 min after food presentation to starved rats. Food intake was reduced by 15.5% (P < 0.01) by administration of 10 mg/kg OEA. [3H]OEA was used to assess the degree of catabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. The endogenous level of this acylethanolamide was increased 11 times in the intestinal tissue (to 3.91 ± 0.98 nmol/g tissue, mean ± SEM) at 90 min after food presentation, based on the finding of 0.48% of the dose as intact OEA. These findings reveal unexpected properties of orally administered OEA, which may have potential as a cheap and safe antiobesity drug.
Embracing data abundance: BookTest Dataset for Reading Comprehension

There is a practically unlimited amount of natural language data available. Still, recent work in text comprehension has focused on datasets which are small relative to current computing possibilities. This article is making a case for the community to move to larger data and as a step in that direction it is proposing the BookTest, a new dataset similar to the popular Children's Book Test (CBT), however more than 60 times larger. We show that training on the new data improves the accuracy of our Attention-Sum Reader model on the original CBT test data by a much larger margin than many recent attempts to improve the model architecture. On one version of the dataset our ensemble even exceeds the human baseline provided by Facebook. We then show in our own human study that there is still space for further improvement.
The E ects of Recombination on a Haploid Quasispecies Evolving on a Single-peak Fitness Landscape

In this paper we investigate the eeects of (uniform) recombination on the evolution of a haploid quasispecies on a single-peak \spike" tness landscape. It is found that at low mutation rates the long-term behaviour of the quasispecies exhibits one stable and one unstable equilibrium. At a critical mutation rate which we identify as an error threshold, the stable and unstable equilibria coalesce. Beyond the error threshold there is no (biologically meaningful) equilibrium; errors accumulate and the optimum genotype is inevitably lost. In contrast to the asexual case where the error threshold is discontinuous, the sexual error threshold represents a 2nd order (continuous) phase transition. It is mooted that the unstable equilibrium could act as a barrier to the xation of a favourable mutant. We derive analytic approximations for the equilibrium concentrations of the optimum genotype and for the error threshold. We also analyse the stability of the equilibria.
Climatically driven biogeographic provinces of Late Triassic tropical Pangea

Although continents were coalesced into the single landmass Pangea, Late Triassic terrestrial tetrapod assemblages are surprisingly provincial. In eastern North America, we show that assemblages dominated by traversodont cynodonts are restricted to a humid 6° equatorial swath that persisted for over 20 million years characterized by “semiprecessional” (approximately 10,000-y) climatic fluctuations reflected in stable carbon isotopes and sedimentary facies in lacustrine strata. More arid regions from 5–20°N preserve procolophonid-dominated faunal assemblages associated with a much stronger expression of approximately 20,000-y climatic cycles. In the absence of geographic barriers, we hypothesize that these variations in the climatic expression of astronomical forcing produced latitudinal climatic zones that sorted terrestrial vertebrate taxa, perhaps by excretory physiology, into distinct biogeographic provinces tracking latitude, not geographic position, as the proto-North American plate translated northward. Although the early Mesozoic is usually assumed to be characterized by globally distributed land animal communities due to of a lack of geographic barriers, strong provinciality was actually the norm, and nearly global communities were present only after times of massive ecological disruptions.
Notice of RetractionResearch on customer satisfaction evaluation model of China's human dispatch industry

Human dispatch as a new employing labor way greatly increases the flexibility of the enterprise employing labor and the labor resource allocation efficiency. However, the quality of service of human resource industry in china not adapts to the needs of labor units and has been the key problem of restricting the development of industry. Therefore, study on the key quality indicators affecting customer satisfaction based on customer satisfaction, and thereby forming industry service standards seems have great significance to the development of industry. This paper establishes the industry's customer satisfaction model and evaluation index system combined with characteristics of the human dispatch service industry in China, in order to provide the theory basis for forming the quality specification of the industry's service and promoting the healthy and orderly development of the industry.
Overexpression of HOXA10 perturbs human lymphomyelopoiesis in vitro and in vivo.

Several studies point to multiple members of the Hox transcription factor family as playing key roles in normal hematopoietic development, and they link the imbalanced expression of these transcription factors, in particular of the Abd-like A cluster HOX genes HOXA9 and HOXA10, to leukemogenesis. To test directly the hypothesis that HOXA10 is involved in human hematopoietic development, the gene was retrovirally overexpressed in human highly purified CD34(+)/GFP(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells derived from cord blood or fetal liver sources, and the impact of aberrant gene expression was analyzed on differentiation and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. HOXA10 misexpression profoundly impaired myeloid differentiation with a higher yield of blast cells in liquid culture and a greater than 100-fold increased generation of blast colonies after in vitro expansion or after replating of primary colonies first plated in methylcellulose directly after transduction (P < .01). Furthermore, aberrant HOXA10 expression almost completely blocked erythroid differentiation in methylcellulose (P < .02). HOXA10 deregulation also severely perturbed the differentiation of human progenitors in vivo, reducing B-cell development by 70% in repopulated NOD/SCID mice and enhancing myelopoiesis in the transduced compartment. The data provide evidence that the balanced expression of HOXA10 is pivotal for normal human hematopoietic development and that aberrant expression of the gene contributes to impaired differentiation and increased proliferation of human hematopoietic progenitor cells. These results also provide a framework to initiate more detailed analyses of HOX regulatory domains and HOX cofactors in the human system in vitro and in vivo.
Generative Adversarial Networks as Variational Training of Energy Based Models

In this paper, we study deep generative models for effective unsupervised learning. We propose VGAN, which works by minimizing a variational lower bound of the negative log likelihood (NLL) of an energy based model (EBM), where the model density $p(\mathbf{x})$ is approximated by a variational distribution $q(\mathbf{x})$ that is easy to sample from. The training of VGAN takes a two step procedure: given $p(\mathbf{x})$, $q(\mathbf{x})$ is updated to maximize the lower bound; $p(\mathbf{x})$ is then updated one step with samples drawn from $q(\mathbf{x})$ to decrease the lower bound. VGAN is inspired by the generative adversarial networks (GANs), where $p(\mathbf{x})$ corresponds to the discriminator and $q(\mathbf{x})$ corresponds to the generator, but with several notable differences. We hence name our model variational GANs (VGANs). VGAN provides a practical solution to training deep EBMs in high dimensional space, by eliminating the need of MCMC sampling. From this view, we are also able to identify causes to the difficulty of training GANs and propose viable solutions.
Response of Asthmatics to Isoprenaline and Salbutamol Aerosols Administered by Intermittent Positive-pressure Ventilation

The bronchodilator and cardiac effects produced by aerosols of 0·5% isoprenaline and of 0·25, 0·5, and 1% salbutamol administered in 40% oxygen by intermittent positive-pressure ventilation were compared in 24 asthmatic patients. Isoprenaline and salbutamol in concentrations of 0·5% were equipotent in peak bronchodilator effect; salbutamol was superior in total bronchodilator effect and duration of average effect, but the peak bronchodilator effect occurred earlier after isoprenaline. Significantly greater tachycardia was produced by 0·5% isoprenaline than by the same concentration of salbutamol. The 0·25, 0·5, and 1% concentrations of salbutamol had about the same peak bronchodilator effect, but there was a stepwise increase in total effect and duration of average effect in relation to the concentration used. A similar stepwise increase in heart rate was also noted, but with all concentrations this was significantly less than with 0·5% isoprenaline. It was concluded that a 0·5% solution of salbutamol, which provided maximal bronchodilatation without important tachycardia, was therapeutically superior to the other three treatments.
The Globular Cluster NGC 1978 in the Large Magellanic Cloud

We have used deep, high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope ACS observations to image the cluster NGC 1978 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. This high-quality photometric data set allowed us to confirm the high ellipticity (ϵ ∼ 0.30 ± 0.02) of this stellar system. The derived color-magnitude diagram allowed a detailed study of the main evolutionary sequences; in particular, we have detected the so-called bump along the red giant branch (at V555 = 19.10 ± 0.10). This is the first detection of this feature in an intermediate-age cluster. Moreover, the morphology of the evolutionary sequence and the population ratios have been compared with the expectations of different theoretical models (namely, BaSTI, Pisa Evolutionary Library [PEL], and Padua) in order to quantify the effect of convective overshooting. The best agreement (in terms of both morphology and star counts) has been found within the PEL isochrone, with Z = 0.008 (consistent with the most recent determination of the cluster metallicity, [M/H] = -0.37 dex) and a mild overshooting efficiency (Λos = 0.1). By adopting this theoretical set an age of τ = 1.9 ± 0.1 Gyr has been obtained.
Review: Jacques Hadamard, An essay on the psychology of invention in the mathematical field

When the eminent French mathematician Jacques Hadamard set out to explore how mathematicians invent new ideas, he considered the creative experiences of some of the greatest thinkers of his generation, such as George Pólya, Claude Lévi-Strauss, and Albert Einstein. It appeared that inspiration could strike anytime, particularly after an individual had worked hard on a problem for days and then turned attention to another activity. In exploring this phenomenon, Hadamard produced one of the most famous and cogent cases for the existence of unconscious mental processes not only in mathematical invention but also in other forms of creativity. Written before the explosion of research in computers and cognitive science, The Psychology of Invention remains an important tool for exploring the increasingly complex problem of mental life. The Press retitled the book The Mathematician’s Mind in . Hadamard was himself a great mathematical innovator. He proved the prime number theorem in  and continued for decades to make major contributions to geometry, dynamics, and many other areas of mathematics. Yet his life encompassed much more than his mathematical work. Hadamard, himself Jewish, was very active in the Dreyfus affair in France, fighting tirelessly in defense of Dreyfus’s innocence. He fled Nazi-occupied France for the United States and later England, returning to France after the war. Having lost two of his three sons in World War I, and then the third in World War II, he became active in leftist peace movements.
A simulation study on the roles of heterogeneous participants in online communities during a brand crisis

With the power of the internet and the popularity of online communities, it is critical to view brand crisis management from a new perspective and gain more insights about how public opinions towards brands are formed in online communities. This paper proposed an agent-based simulation model to investigate the different roles of heterogeneous participants in opinion formation in online communities during a brand crisis, developed a simulator and implemented simulation experiments in the platform of Netlogo5.0. On the basis of analysis and discussion on the simulation experiment results, some significative conclusions about the roles of loyal customers and opinion leaders in diverse situations have been drawn out.