Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural localization of the progesterone receptor by an immunogold method: effect of hormone administration

The progesterone receptor has been localized in the rabbit uterus by immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level, using monoclonal antibodies and the protein A-gold technique. The progesterone receptor in uterine stromal cells was mainly localized in the nucleus; however, a small fraction of antigen was present in the cytoplasm, where it was associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and with free ribosomes. The plasma membrane was not labeled. In the nucleus, the receptor was always associated with condensed chromatin or areas surrounding condensed chromatin, whereas the nuceolus was not labeled. In the chromatin, receptor distribution varied according to the hormonal state: in the absence of progesterone, the receptor was randomly scattered over the clumps of condensed chromatin; after administration of the progestin R5020, it was mainly detected in the border regions between condensed chromatin and nucleoplasm and, to a lesser extent, over dispersed chromatin in the nucleoplasm. These areas have been shown to be the most active sites of gene transcription.
Facteurs de risque vasculaire et risque de maladie d'Alzheimer : Revue d'études épidémiologiques

La cause de la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) dans sa forme sporadique, de loin la plus frequente, demeure inconnue mais un role favorisant des facteurs de risque vasculaire est de plus en plus evoque dans la pathogenie de cette affection. Ce role laisse esperer qu’une prise en charge preventive ou curative de ces facteurs pourrait reduire l’incidence de la MA. Parmi ces facteurs figurent l’hypertension arterielle, le diabete, l’hypercholesterolemie et le tabagisme qui ont ete le plus etudies dans la MA. Cet article rapporte le risque de MA qui a ete associe individuellement a chacun de ces facteurs dans des etudes epidemiologiques. Ce risque est quasi-constamment accru par l’hypertension arterielle alors que les resultats demeurent plus controverses pour les autres facteurs. Tous ces facteurs ont, par ailleurs, une interaction variable avec la presence d’affections cerebrovasculaires, facteur de risque etabli de demence, et avec la presence de l’allele epsilon 4 du gene de l’apolipoproteine E qui est egalement un facteur de predisposition pour la MA sporadique.
Schoolchildren from the north sharing their lived experience of health and well-being

The aim of this study was to describe and develop an understanding of schoolchildren's health and well-being from their own perspective. Nearly 100 schoolchildren from the northern part of Sweden, aged 10–12 years, wrote open letters and participated in group discussions as a way to share their lived experience. The phenomenological analyze resulted in three main themes; (a) associating with others; (b) actively participating and (c) being a recipient. The schoolchildren's lived experience formed an intricate unite including health and ill-health as well as well-being and lack thereof. The meaning of schoolchildren's health and well-being was understood as the experience of relationships to others and as the relationship to oneself. The relationships to others was positive or negative for schoolchildren's health and well-being depending on if they were met with a “we” in mind or not. When given the choice to participate, and if shown respect, and trust was understood as positive for schoolchildren's health and well-being, while the opposite was true when lacking these qualities in relationships with others.
Interference between Conscious and Unconscious Facial Expression Information

There is ample evidence to show that many types of visual information, including emotional information, could be processed in the absence of visual awareness. For example, it has been shown that masked subliminal facial expressions can induce priming and adaptation effects. However, stimulus made invisible in different ways could be processed to different extent and have differential effects. In this study, we adopted a flanker type behavioral method to investigate whether a flanker rendered invisible through Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS) could induce a congruency effect on the discrimination of a visible target. Specifically, during the experiment, participants judged the expression (either happy or fearful) of a visible face in the presence of a nearby invisible face (with happy or fearful expression). Results show that participants were slower and less accurate in discriminating the expression of the visible face when the expression of the invisible flanker face was incongruent. Thus, facial expression information rendered invisible with CFS and presented a different spatial location could enhance or interfere with consciously processed facial expression information.
What Can Virtual Reality Teach Us About Prosocial Tendencies in Real and Virtual Environments?

As virtual environments (VEs) become increasingly central to people's lives (Terry, 2002), understanding reactions to VEs may be as important as understanding behavior in the real world (Yee, Bailenson, Urbanek, Chang, & Merget, 2007). Immersive Virtual Environment Technology (IVET), which is now being used in psychological research (Blascovich et al., 2002), can provide greater experimental control, more precise measurement, ease of replication across participants, and high ecological validity, making it attractive for researchers. It also can create links between researchers who study basic social psychological processes and those who study new media. In two studies we examined people's reactions as they navigated through a virtual world and interacted with virtual people, some of whom needed help. Participants' compassion and tendency to experience personal distress predicted emotional reactions (concern) and proxemic behavior (gaze orientation and degree of interpersonal distance) to a virtual person in need but not to a control person. The results support the use of IVET and proxemic variables to measure compassion unobtrusively and they encourage the use of IVET to advance our understanding of people's behavior in and reactions to virtual worlds and new media.
On the Intuition of Rank-Dependent Utility

Among the most popular models for decision under risk and uncertainty are the rank-dependent models, introduced by Quiggin and Schmeidler. Central concepts in these models are rank-dependence and comonotonicity. It has been suggested that these concepts are technical tools that have no intuitive or empirical content. This paper describes such contents. As a result, rank-dependence and comonotonicity become natural concepts upon which preference conditions, empirical tests, and improvements in utility measurement can be based. Further, a new derivation of the rank-dependent models is obtained. It is not based on observable preference axioms or on empirical data, but naturally follows from the intuitive perspective assumed. We think that the popularity of the rank-dependent theories is mainly due to the natural concepts used in these theories.
International Migration, Domestic Work, and Care Work

This article discusses three major dilemmas embedded in women's labor migration by focusing on undocumented Latina migrants in Israel. The first is that to break the cycle of blocked mobility in their homelands, migrant women must take jobs that they would have never taken in their countries of origin, despite uncertainty about possible economic outcomes. The second dilemma is that the search for economic betterment leads Latina migrants to risk living and working illegally in the host country, forcing them to remain on the margins of society. The third dilemma relates to the role of mothers who, to secure a better future for their children, are forced to leave them behind, thus subverting the traditional definition of motherhood. The absence of an egalitarian notion and the practice of citizenship for non-Jews leave undocumented labor migrants in Israel without prospects for incorporation into the society.
Contrasts in r easoning a bout o missions

Omissions figure prominently in causal reasoning from diagnosis to ascriptions of negligence. One philosophical proposal posits that omissions are accompanied by a contrasting alternative that describes a case of orthodox (nonomissive) causation (Schaffer, 2005; Bernstein, 2014). A psychological hypothesis can be drawn from this contrast view of omissions: by default, humans should interpret omissive causations as representing at least two possibilities, i.e., a possibility representing the omission and a possibility representing a contrast. The theory of mental models supposes that reasoners construct only one possibility (the omission) by default, and that they consider separate alternative possibilities in sequential order. Two experiments test the contrast hypothesis against the model theory, and find evidence in favor of the model-theoretic account.
Strategy and human resource management

This book provides an excellent and elegant analysis of the field of human resource management. While the title implies that it is only about the relationship of human resource management to organisational strategy, the book is broader than that. It provides an overview of the functions of human resource management and also a broader insight into issues of work organisation and workplace relations (or ‘employee voice’ as it is called here). The structure of the book is as follows. An introductory chapter on the goals of human resource management is followed by three main parts:
Exploring the lived experiences and meanings of the body during depression.

Depression is predicted to be one of the largest global health burdens in the future. As such, it is important to expand the current understanding of this disorder, so as to develop more effective treatments. While somatic symptoms are being increasingly recognised as important, one area that has received little attention, is that of the lived somatic experiences in depression and the psychological meanings behind these. This study aimed to contribute to this by utilising a qualitative approach. Interviews were conducted with individuals who had recovered from depression. These interviews focused on experiences at the time of depression, with an emphasis on day-to-day physical aspects. Thematic content analysis of participants' narratives revealed central themes of disconnection from the body, and a sense of lack and deprivation in relation to the body. These themes were evident in both emotional and physical experiences of depression, indicating a link between these two aspects of self. The psychological meanings behind physical experiences were explored utilising psychodynamic etiological theories of depression. These theories included Freud's theory of object loss, the theory of unmet oral dependency needs, as well as Winnicott's understanding of psyche-soma indwelling. Finally, the possibility of the body as symbolic of etiological processes in depression, was discussed in relation to existing psychodynamic literature on the mind-body relationship. The results of this research imply that there may be a relevant relationship between the experiences of the mind and the body in depression, and that physical experiences during depression may potentially be understood as symbolic of underlying etiological processes.
Survival of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Horizontal Gene Transfer Control Antibiotic Resistance Gene Content in Anaerobic Digesters

Understanding fate of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) vs. their antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during wastewater sludge treatment is critical in order to reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance through process optimization. Here, we spiked high concentrations of tetracycline-resistant bacteria, isolated from mesophilic (Iso M1-1—a Pseudomonas sp.) and thermophilic (Iso T10—a Bacillus sp.) anaerobic digested sludge, into batch digesters and monitored their fate by plate counts and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) of their corresponding tetracycline ARGs. In batch studies, spiked ARB plate counts returned to baseline (thermophilic) or 1-log above baseline (mesophilic) while levels of the ARG present in the spiked isolate [tet(G)] remained high in mesophilic batch reactors. To compare results under semi-continuous flow conditions with natural influent variation, tet(O), tet(W), and sul1 ARGs, along with the intI1 integrase gene, were monitored over a 9-month period in the raw feed sludge and effluent sludge of lab-scale thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digesters. sul1 and intI1 in mesophilic and thermophilic digesters correlated positively (Spearman rho = 0.457–0.829, P < 0.05) with the raw feed sludge. There was no correlation in tet(O) or tet(W) ratios in raw sludge and mesophilic digested sludge or thermophilic digested sludge (Spearman rho = 0.130–0.486, P = 0.075–0.612). However, in the thermophilic digester, the tet(O) and tet(W) ratios remained consistently low over the entire monitoring period. We conclude that the influent sludge microbial composition can influence the ARG content of a digester, apparently as a result of differential survival or death of ARBs or horizontal gene transfer of genes between raw sludge ARBs and the digester microbial community. Notably, mesophilic digestion was more susceptible to ARG intrusion than thermophilic digestion, which may be attributed to a higher rate of ARB survival and/or horizontal gene transfer between raw sludge bacteria and the digester microbial community.
Spontaneously Occurring Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in the Domestic Cat: A New Animal Model Similar to the Human Disease

BackgroundArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a primary myocardial disease of incompletely resolved pathogenesis and is a largely unappreciated cause of sudden death in the young. Methods and ResultsClinical features of 12 domestic cats with ARVC (7 male; 1 to 20 years old, mean 7.3±5.2 years) were right-sided congestive heart failure (n=8), supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (n=5), ventricular tachycardia (n=3), polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias (n=6), and right bundle-branch block (n=5). ARVC was suspected in all 8 cats examined with echocardiography by marked enlargement of the right ventricle (RV) and right atrium and tricuspid regurgitation. Eight died of cardiovascular disease and 4 died of noncardiac conditions. At autopsy, hearts of ARVC cats were characterized grossly by moderate-to-severe RV cavity enlargement and wall thinning (n=12) and apical aneurysm formation (n=6). Histology demonstrated pronounced RV lesions in all 12 ARVC cats, including marked myocardial injury (myocyte death and atrophy) and repair (fibrous and/or fatty replacement). Injury and repair were also evident in the left ventricle (LV) in 10 cats, and 2 had involvement of both atria. Myocarditis was present in 10 of the 12 ARVC cats. Apoptosis was detected in 9 ARVC cats (mean apoptotic index, 28±23% RV, 21±19% LV, and 17±15% ventricular septum) but not in controls. ConclusionsIn the common domestic cat, we identified a clinically relevant cardiomyopathy that closely mimics ARVC in humans. This unique feline model of human disease will be relevant to defining pathogenesis and investigating mechanisms responsible for disease progression in ARVC.
Using Discriminant Eigenfeatures for Image Retrieval

This paper describes the automatic selection of features from an image training set using the theories of multidimensional discriminant analysis and the associated optimal linear projection. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these most discriminating features for view-based class retrieval from a large database of widely varying real-world objects presented as "well-framed" views, and compare it with that of the principal component analysis.
In silico design of clinical trials: A method coming of age

Objective:To determine the feasibility and potential usefulness of mathematical models in evaluating immunomodulatory strategies in clinical trials of severe sepsis. Design:Mathematical modeling of immunomodulation in simulated patients. Setting:Computer laboratory. Measurements and Main Results:We introduce and evaluate the concept of conducting a randomized clinical trial in silico based on simulated patients generated from a mechanistic mathematical model of bacterial infection, the acute inflammatory response, global tissue dysfunction, and a therapeutic intervention. Trial populations are constructed to reflect heterogeneity in bacterial load and virulence as well as propensity to mount and modulate an inflammatory response. We constructed a cohort of 1,000 trial patients submitted to therapy with one of three different doses of a neutralizing antibody directed against tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) for 6, 24, or 48 hrs. We present cytokine profiles over time and expected outcome for each cohort. We identify subgroups with high propensity for being helped or harmed by the proposed intervention and identify early serum markers for each of those subgroups. The mathematical simulation confirms the inability of simple markers to predict outcome of sepsis. The simulation clearly separates cases with favorable and unfavorable outcome on the basis of global tissue dysfunction. Control survival was 62.9% at 1 wk. Depending on dose and duration of treatment, survival ranged from 57.1% to 80.8%. Higher doses of anti-TNF, although effective, also result in considerable harm to patients. A statistical analysis based on a simulated cohort identified markers of favorable or adverse response to anti-TNF treatment. Conclusions:A mathematical simulation of anti-TNF therapy identified clear windows of opportunity for this intervention as well as populations that can be harmed by anti-TNF therapy. The construction of an in silico clinical trial could provide profound insight into the design of clinical trials of immunomodulatory therapies, ranging from optimal patient selection to individualized dosage and duration of proposed therapeutic interventions.
Urban Multiculturalism beyond the ‘Backlash’: New Discourses and Different Practices in Immigrant Policies across European Cities

All across European receiving societies, the mainstream political discourse is displaying increasing disaffection with multiculturalism. It is primarily at the level of local policies, though, that the social inclusion of immigrants and the governance of ethno-cultural diversity are negotiated. Building on a comparative study of the urban ‘adaptations’ of multiculturalism in eight European cities, this article addresses three questions: (1) the changing relations between national and (relatively autonomous) local immigrant policies; (2) the ways in which such policies are locally reframed and reshaped along the continuum between multiculturalism and assimilation; (3) the involvement of civil society organizations in urban governance processes. Altogether, local policies seem to have been less affected by the backlash against multiculturalism than a common sense understanding would entail. Yet, they are increasingly constrained by anti-immigrant positions and budgetary restrictions, as well by the search for new political idioms vis-à-vis the de-legitimization of the multiculturalist lexicon and agenda.
Calculation, qualculation, calqulation: shopping cart arithmetic, equipped cognition and the clustered consumer

This paper investigates how such a trivial device as a shopping cart may surprisingly contribute to shaping exchanges in supermarkets. First, the shopping cart completely modifies consumers' calculations. It does so by leading them to accomplish particular gestures, by transforming a budgetary constraint into a volumetric one, and by providing them with true calculative tools. Second, shopping with a cart also implies some `planned' cognitive processes. These processes concern interplay between family needs, selection equipment (such as a shopping list) and market information (packaging, for example). The combination of these elements moves the consumer from mere calculation (price-based computing) to `qualculation' (i.e. quality-based rational judgements). Third, and in particular, since it favours the transformation of the individual consumer into a collective one (or `cluster', i.e. a small group of people gathering around the same device), a shopping cart functions as a scene or as a frame for collective `calqulation' (from the French verb `calquer', i.e. adjusting one's standpoint to that of another, and vice versa).
Housing Modification Needs of the Disabled Elderly

Little research has been conducted on the housing modification needs of the elderly. The fault lies partly with the lack of reliable data. Studies on housing modification needs of the elderly are often spotty, anecdotal, and unsystematic. Many rely on decennial census data, which provide a limited and unsatisfactory portrait of special housing needs of elders in general. This paper seeks to fill this void by reporting a comprehensive study of elderly housing modification needs. The logistic regression analysis found that gender, health, and living alone were the 3 best predictors of need for special housing modifications. Men, people who live alone, and persons with poor health have greater needs for housing modifications.
Quantitative Method To Determine Sporicidal Decontamination of Building Surfaces by Gaseous Fumigants, and Issues Related to Laboratory-Scale Studies

ABSTRACT Chlorine dioxide gas and vaporous hydrogen peroxide sterilant have been used in the cleanup of building interiors contaminated with spores of Bacillus anthracis. A systematic study, in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, was jointly undertaken by the U.S. Army-Edgewood Chemical Biological Center to determine the sporicidal efficacies of these two fumigants on six building structural materials: carpet, ceiling tile, unpainted cinder block, painted I-beam steel, painted wallboard, and unpainted pinewood. Critical issues related to high-throughput sample processing and spore recovery from porous and nonporous surfaces included (i) the extraction of spores from complex building materials, (ii) the effects of titer challenge levels on fumigant efficacy, and (iii) the impact of bioburden inclusion on spore recovery from surfaces and spore inactivation. Small pieces (1.3 by 1.3 cm of carpet, ceiling tile, wallboard, I-beam steel, and pinewood and 2.5 by 1.3 cm for cinder block) of the materials were inoculated with an aliquot of 50 μl containing the target number (1 × 106, 1 × 107, or 1 × 108) of avirulent spores of B. anthracis NNR1Δ1. The aliquot was dried overnight in a biosafety cabinet, and the spores were extracted by a combination of a 10-min sonication and a 2-min vortexing using 0.5% buffered peptone water as the recovery medium. No statistically significant drop in the kill efficacies of the fumigants was observed when the spore challenge level was increased from 6 log units to 8 log units, even though a general trend toward inhibition of fumigant efficacy was evident. The organic burden (0 to 5%) in the spore inoculum resulted in a statistically significant drop in spore recovery (at the 2 or 5% level). The effect on spore killing was a function of the organic bioburden amount and the material type. In summary, a high-throughput quantitative method was developed for determining the efficacies of fumigants, and the spore recoveries from five porous materials and one nonporous material ranged between 20 and 80%.