Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Development of Persistent Criminality

1. Understanding Persistent Offending: Linking Developmental Psychology with Research on the Criminal Career, Joanne Savage SECTION 1: THE FAMILY, POVERTY, AND STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS 2. The Influence of Family Context on the Development and Persistence of Antisocial Behavior, Linda S. Pagani 3. The Implications of Family Poverty for a Pattern of Persistent Offending, Carter Hay and Walter Forrest 4. Strain, Social Support, and Persistent Criminality, Stephanie Ellis and Joanne Savage 5. Developmental Trajectories, Stressful Life Events, and Delinquency, Timothy O. Ireland, Craig J. Rivera and John P. Hoffmann 6. The Effects of the Family on Children's Behavioural Difficulties, Paul Millar SECTION 2: BIOSOCIAL INFLUENCES ON PERSISTENT CRIMINALITY 7. Biological Factors and the Development of Persistent Criminality, Patrick Sylvers, Stacy R. Ryan, S. Amanda Alden, and Patricia A. Brennan 8. A Systematic Approach to Understanding Human Variability in Serious, Persistent Offending, John Paul Wright and Kevin M. Beaver 9. Perinatal and Developmental Determinants of Early Onset of Offending: A Biosocial Approach for Explaining the Two Peaks of Early Antisocial Behavior, Steve G. Tibbetts SECTION 3: SPECIAL TOPICS AND POPULATIONS 10. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Persistent Female Offending: A Review of Theory and Research, Asha Goldweber, Lisa M. Broidy, and Elizabeth Cauffman 11. Foster Care Youth: Aging Out of Care to Criminal Activities, Mary Ann Davis 12. Educational Achievement Among Incarcerated Youth: Post-Release Schooling, Employment and Crime Desistance, Thomas G. Blomberg, William D. Bales, and Courtney A. Waid SECTION 4: METHODOLOGY FOR UNDERSTANDING THE CRIMINAL CAREER 13. Methodological Issues in the Study of Persistence in Offending, Alex R. Piquero 14. Group-Based Trajectory Modeling of Externalizing Behavior Problems from Childhood through Adulthood: Exploring Discrepancies in the Empirical Findings, Manfred H.M. van Dulmen, Elizabeth A. Goncy, Andrea Vest and Daniel J. Flannery 15. Sanction Threats and Desistance from Criminality, KiDeuk Kim SECTION 5: CONCEPTUALIZING THE PERSISTENT OFFENDER 16. Serious Juvenile Offenders and Persistent Criminality, Rudy Haapanen, Lee Britton, Tim Croisdale, and Branko Coebergh 17. Reconsidering Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime: Linking the Micro- and Macro-Level Sources of Self-Control and Criminal Behavior Over the Life Course, Travis C. Pratt 18. A Dynamic Developmental Systems Approach to Understanding Offending in Early Adulthood, Deborah M. Capaldi and Margit Wiesner 19. What Drives Persistent Offending? The Neglected and Unexplored Role of the Social Environment, Per-Olof H. Wikstrom and Kyle Treiber SECTION 6: CONCLUSIONS 20. What Have We Learned? Directions for Future Research and Policy, Joanne Savage
Land Cover Classification Using NASA/JPL Polarimeric Synthetic Aperture Radar (POLSAR) Data

This study intends to investigate the use of NASA/JPL POLSAR data (multilook C- and L-bands) for classifying land cover features, such as vegetation (i.e. grass, rice paddy, rubber), natural feature (i.e. river), and man-made features (i.e. canal, highway, runway, built-up area). Covering the area of Jitra, the 10 meters resolution air-borne POLSAR data acquired on 3 December 1996 was used in this study. Prior to the classification, the complex covariance matrix based Lee and Mean polarimetric filters were separately applied for evaluating their speckle suppression performance. In unsupervised classification, the scattering behavior of each pixel in Lee filtered images was analyzed, based on a multi-pixel algorithm and the phase difference. The supervised Wishart classifier was then used to reclassify the pixels of different scattering categories into the corresponding land cover classes. The Kappa statistics computed for both C- and L-band classified images were 0.73 and 0.76, respectively.
Spatial variability and hotspots of soil N 2 O fluxes from intensively grazed grassland

Abstract. One hundred N2O flux measurements were made from an area of intensively managed grazed grassland in central Scotland using a high-resolution dynamic chamber method. The field contained a variety of features from which N2O fluxes were measured including a manure heap, patches of decaying grass silage, and areas of increased sheep activity. Individual fluxes varied significantly across the field varying from 2 to 79 000 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1. Soil samples were collected at 55 locations to investigate relationships between soil properties and N2O flux. Fluxes of N2O correlated strongly with soil NO3- concentrations. Distribution of NO3− and the high spatial variability of N2O flux across the field are shown to be linked to the distribution of waste from grazing animals and the resultant reactive nitrogen compounds in the soil which are made available for microbiological processes. Features within the field such as shaded areas and manure heaps contained significantly higher available nitrogen than the rest of the field. Although these features only represented 1.1% of the area of the field, they contributed to over 55% of the total estimated daily N2O flux.
Recognition as if sovereigns? A procedural understanding of indigenous self-determination

In the last two decades we have witnessed a growing global acknowledgement of indigenous rights – manifested in the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples – challenging the traditional nation-state-centred understanding of political rights and democracy. In this paper, the author argues that indigenous self-determination is to be understood as a way to level the balance of power between indigenous peoples and the nation-states in which they live. Without a solid legal foundation for indigenous peoples to define self-determination in their own languages and to negotiate the conditions of their relation with the nation-states on their own terms, the colonial past (and present) of violent conquest and domination might continue. Indigenous peoples' right to self-determination ought in this perspective to imply recognition of indigenous peoples as having a standing equal to nation-states, i.e. as if they were sovereigns. What self-determination means in political practice would thus be the outcome of negotiations between two (or more) equal political entities. In this way, the right to self-determination has to be interpreted procedurally rather than substantially.
Comparative analysis of DR and DQ alleles occurrence in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis in the same ethnic group: preliminary study.

BACKGROUND Pathologic similarities between sarcoidosis (SA) and tuberculosis (TB) suggest M. tuberculosis antigen(s) as causative agents. It seems likely that in the genetically different predisposed hosts, the same antigen(s) may cause the development of sarcoid or tuberculous Th1 response. AIM AND MATERIALS/METHODS: To test a difference in haplotypes associated with both diseases, we compared the distribution of DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 alleles in 45 SA patients, 62 TB patients and in 143 healthy volunteers, using a PCR-SSP method. RESULTS Our results revealed that DRB1*03/*11, DQB1*02, DQA*0501 in Stage I of SA with Löfgren's syndrome (Ls) and DRB1*15, DQA1*0102/*0103 in Stage II of SA were more common, whereas DQA1*0102 (Ls) and DRB1*16/*04/*08, DQB1*03/*04/*05/*06, DQA1*0301 (Ls, Stage II) were less common than in the controls. Nevertheless, after Bonferroni correction, only DRB1*04, DQB1*02/*03/*05/*06, DQA1*0102/*0301/*0501 differed significantly. In TB group, DRB1*16/*14, DQB1*05, DQA1*0303 were more frequent and DRB1*11, DQB1*02, DQA1*0201/*0505 less frequently present as compared to the controls, but frequency of DRB1*16, DQB1*02/*05 and DQA1*0303/*0505 only was significantly different after correction. After correction in both Stages of SA, DRB1*11 was more common and DRB1*16/*04/*14, DQB1*03/*05, DQA1*0301/0302/*0303 were less frequent than in the TB group. DQB1*02, DQA1*0201/*0501 (Ls) and DRB1*15/*13 (Stage II) were more frequently present in SA than in TB, but after correction, only DRB1*15, DQB1*02, DQA1*0501 were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS We identified associations of HLA class II alleles in SA and TB with expression pattern specific and different for each group. In most cases, in SA patients frequency of HLA class II alleles occurrence is opposite to the frequency in TB patients.
Severe Myocardial Impairment and Chamber Dysfunction in Preterm Preeclampsia

Objective. The long-term cardiovascular risk of preeclampsia is known to be significantly higher in women requiring preterm delivery before 37 weeks compared with those delivered at term. The aim of this study is to assess and compare maternal cardiac function and geometry in acute preterm and term preeclampsia. Methods. This is a prospective case–control study of 27 preterm and 50 term preeclampsia and 104 matched controls assessed by conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging. Results. Preeclampsia is associated with biventricular diastolic dysfunction, altered geometry, and widespread myocardial impairment. However, only preterm but not term preeclampsia is characterized by biventricular systolic dysfunction (26% vs. 4%; p < 0.05) and severe left ventricular hypertrophy (19% vs. 2%; p < 0.05). Conclusions. Women with preterm preeclampsia have a more severe cardiac impairment than those with term preeclampsia. This finding may explain the increased long-term cardiovascular risk associated with preterm preeclampsia. The cardiac assessment of women with preterm preeclampsia may be of relevance in identifying women at higher risk of developing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in later life.
Increased Na+‐taurine symporter in rat renal brush border membranes: preformed or newly synthesized?

The renal adaptive response to a varied intake of sulfur amino acids is demonstrated by an increase in the initial rate of Na+‐taurine symport (cotransport) by rat renal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) after 8‐14 days of a low methionine diet. A high (3%) taurine diet reduces Na+‐taurine symport. Fasting for 3 days, which depletes renal tubule cell taurine content, also enhances Na+‐taurine symport both initially (15 s) and throughout the overshoot. In this study we examine the possibility that a rapid‐onset adaptive response is expressed in BBMV, with the increased Na+‐taurine symport reflecting the incorporation of preformed symporter into membranes rather than new synthesis. Rats fed the low methionine diet for 14 days were placed on the high taurine diet for 12‐18 h; Na+‐taurine symport activity fell by 40%. Fasting for 4 h restored low methionine diet levels of Na+‐taurine symport activity (92 pmol · mg protein−1 · 15 s−1), defining a rapidly induced rise in uptake. Colchicine (0.6 mg) was injected prior to fasting in a group of rats because it blocks the incorporation (import) of preformed symporter into the membrane. Animals injected with colchicine had a pattern of BBMV uptake similar to that found in animals switched to the high taurine diet for 18 h. This agent blocked the rapidly induced rise in uptake. Feeding with the high taurine diet for 4 h caused a fall in uptake of 16.5%; colchicine blocked this reduction in uptake. These results indicate that the nephron can respond rapidly to changes in the intake of amino acids, conserving taurine in periods of nutrient lack and excreting excess taurine within 4 h in periods of surfeit. This rapid response is expressed at the brush border surface. The use of cholchicine indicates that the increase or reduction in Na+‐taurine symport activity is due to incorporation (import) of transporter into the BBMV rather than to de novo synthesis. — Chesney, R. W. ; Jolly, K. ; Zelikovic, I. ; Iwahashi, C. ; Lohstroh, P. Increased Na+‐taurine symporter in rat renal brush border membranes: preformed or newly synthesized? FASEB J. 3: 2081‐2085; 1989.
Online Estimation of Rotor Variables in Predictive Current Controllers: A Case Study Using Five-Phase Induction Machines

Predictive current control (PCC) has been recently proposed like an alternative to conventional PI-PWM current control techniques. Implemented solutions are based on inaccurate estimation of the rotor electrical variables to reduce the computational cost of the method. In this study, the utility and computational cost of PCC with different methods for the online estimation of the rotor variables are studied. Experimental results are provided to characterize the obtained benefits and drawbacks, using a five-phase induction machine as a case example.
Site of binding of mouse IgG2b to the Fc receptor on mouse macrophages

Three mouse immunoglobulins with altered heavy chains have been used to study the specificity of the mouse IgG2b Fc receptor on mouse macrophages. These immunoglobulins were synthesized by variant clones derived from the MPC 11, IgG2b-producing mouse myeloma cell line. One variant, whose Fc receptor. A second variant, which makes a short heavy chain lacking the CH3 domain, binds specifically to the IgG2b Fc receptor. The third variant makes a hybrid IgG2b-IgG2a heavy chain whose CH3 domain is enterely IgG2a-like and binds to both IgG2a and IgG2b Fc receptors. These data suggest that the binding of mouse IgG2b immunoglobulins to the mouse macrophage Fc receptor involves a site within the CH2 domain and indicate that immunoglobulins with altered heavy chains are a useful tool to probe Fc receptors.
Indocyanine Green Angiographic Findings in a Case of Punctate Inner Choroidopathy

Purpose To report indocyanine green angiographic findings in a case of punctate inner choroidopathy. Methods Fundoscopy, fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were carried out on a 23-year-old woman who presented with features typical of punctate inner choroidopathy. Results Fundoscopy showed multiple small yellow lesions in the retinal pigment epithelium and inner choroid in both eyes and a subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane in the left eye. The lesions showed early hyperfluorescence with mild leakage in the late phases of the fluorescein angiogram. On indocyanine green angiography, the lesions demonstrated obvious hypofluorescence in the early, mid and late phases. Conclusions The fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographic findings indicate that punctate inner choroidopathy affects the choriocapillaris as well as the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. However, it is still not known whether the primary pathology is in the retinal pigment epithelium, the photoreceptors or the choriocapillaris.
Study of the drying kinetics of "Granny Smith" apple in tray drier.

The drying characteristics of "Granny Smith" apples were analysed using a tunnel drier at different temperatures and different pre-rreatments. "Granny Smith" apples were cut into rectangle-shaped samples 20x20x5 mm in size. The drying temperatures for non-treated samples varied from 50 oC to 80 oC at air flow velocity of 2.8 m/s. Prior to drying at 60 oC, the samples were pretreated either thermally or chemically, or both (blanching in hot water, steam blanching, blanching in hot 0.6% CaCl_2 solution, freezing to temperature of – 18 oC and dipping in 1% ascorbic acid solution). The aim of the study was to get dried apples with approximately 10% water content, with good texture, rehydration capability and colour quality. The effect of the temperatures and pre-treatments on the quality of dried apple samples was determined on the basis of colour and volume changes and reconstitution characteristics. The kinetic equations were estimated using exponential mathematical model. The results of the estimation exhibited correspondence to the experimental results. The best results for non-treated apple samples: shorter drying time, better rehydration properties and small colour changes were achieved at the drying temperature of 60 °C and air flow velocity of 2.8 m/s. Blanching in hot water, steam blanching and blanching in hot 0.6% CaCl_2 solution resulted in higher values of rehydration ratio in comparison to other tested pre-drying methods. The given methods significantly improved rehydration properties and accelerated the drying kinetics in comparison to drying of non-treated apple samples. The values of rehydration ratio decreased with the increase of the drying temperature. The values of effective diffusion coefficient were higher in the case of drying of blanched samples in hot water at temperature of 85°C for three minutes in comparison to drying of non-treated apple samples.
A Village-Based Intervention: Promoting Folic Acid Use among Rural Chinese Women

Background: Folic acid supplementation is effective in reducing the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, the use of folic acid is low among rural women in China. Nutrition education can provide information about folic acid and encourage its use. The primary objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of a village-based nutrition intervention on folic acid use among rural women. Methods: Sixty villages were randomly selected using multiple-stage sampling and were divided into control and intervention groups. The intervention included nutritional education at village clinics, written materials, and text messages (SMS). Folic acid use knowledge and behavior was assessed at baseline and after the intervention. Results: Self-reported compliance with folic acid supplement use increased from 17.0%–29.2% at baseline to 41.7%–59.2% one year post-intervention. During the same period, the folic acid knowledge score in the intervention group increased from 3.07 to 3.65, significantly higher than the control group (3.11 to 3.35). Multivariate binary logistic regression showed that the women who received folic acid education and SMS intervention were more likely to comply with folic acid supplement recommendations. Conclusions: The results indicated that an integrated village-based folic acid education intervention may be an effective way of promoting folic acid use for the prevention of NTDs in rural women.
A Random Rotation Perturbation Approach to Privacy Preserving Data Classification

This paper presents a random rotation perturbation approach for privacy preserving data classification. Concretely, we identify the importance of classificationspecific information with respect to the loss of information factor, and present a random rotation perturbation framework for privacy preserving data classification. Our approach has two unique characteristics. First, we identify that many classification models utilize the geometric properties of datasets, which can be preserved by geometric rotation. We prove that the three types of classifiers will deliver the same performance over the rotation perturbed dataset as over the original dataset. Second, we propose a multi-column privacy model to address the problems of evaluating privacy quality for multidimensional perturbation. With this metric, we develop a local optimal algorithm to find the good rotation perturbation in terms of privacy guarantee. We also analyze both naive estimation and ICA-based reconstruction attacks with the privacy model. Our initial experiments show that the random rotation approach can provide high privacy guarantee while maintaining zero-loss of accuracy for the dis-
Competition and Multiple Cause Models

If different causes can interact on any occasion to generate a set of patterns, then systems modeling the generation have to model the interaction too. We discuss a way of combining multiple causes that is based on the Integrated Segmentation and Recognition architecture of Keeler et al. (1991). It is more cooperative than the scheme embodied in the mixture of experts architecture, which insists that just one cause generate each output, and more competitive than the noisy-or combination function, which was recently suggested by Saund (1994a,b). Simulations confirm its efficacy.
Antisocial behavior in school : evidence-based practices

1. Antisocial Behavior, Conduct Disorder, Delinquency, and Violence Among At-Risk Children and Youths: Characteristics, Causes, and Outcomes. 2. Issues, Guidelines, and Resources For Use In Implementing School-Based Interventions for Antisocial Behavior and Violence. 3. Best Practices in Assessment of Antisocial Behavior Patterns. 4. Preventing Antisocial Behavior by Addressing Risk Factors Within Family, School, and Community Contexts. 5. Proven Principles and Practices for Managing Antisocial Behavior. 6. Assessment and Classification of Social Competence Deficits Among Antisocial Youth. 7. Principles and Procedures of Social Skills Instruction and Generalization Programming for Antisocial Children and Youth. 8. Bullying, Harassment, Peer-Related Aggression, and Mean-Spirited Teasing in School. 9. Parent Involvement in the Schooling of Antisocial Students: Critical Issues and Best Practices. 10. Case-Study Applications of Best Practices with Antisocial Students. 11. Youth Violence, Gangs, and School Safety: Reducing Risks and Enhancing Protections.
Dysexecutive syndrome: Diagnostic criteria and validation study

Disorders of executive functions are among the most frequent cognitive deficits, but they remain poorly defined and are subject to heterogeneous assessment. To address this major issue, the Groupe de Réflexion sur l'Evaluation des Fonctions Exécutives (GREFEX) group has proposed criteria for behavioral and cognitive dysexecutive syndromes and has designed a battery including a specific heteroquestionnaire and 7 cognitive tests. We investigated the frequency of behavioral and cognitive dysexecutive disorders in patients suffering from various diseases and the association of these disorders with loss of autonomy.
Predictive Modeling of Signaling Crosstalk during C. elegans Vulval Development

Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development provides an important paradigm for studying the process of cell fate determination and pattern formation during animal development. Although many genes controlling vulval cell fate specification have been identified, how they orchestrate themselves to generate a robust and invariant pattern of cell fates is not yet completely understood. Here, we have developed a dynamic computational model incorporating the current mechanistic understanding of gene interactions during this patterning process. A key feature of our model is the inclusion of multiple modes of crosstalk between the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and LIN-12/Notch signaling pathways, which together determine the fates of the six vulval precursor cells (VPCs). Computational analysis, using the model-checking technique, provides new biological insights into the regulatory network governing VPC fate specification and predicts novel negative feedback loops. In addition, our analysis shows that most mutations affecting vulval development lead to stable fate patterns in spite of variations in synchronicity between VPCs. Computational searches for the basis of this robustness show that a sequential activation of the EGFR-mediated inductive signaling and LIN-12 / Notch-mediated lateral signaling pathways is key to achieve a stable cell fate pattern. We demonstrate experimentally a time-delay between the activation of the inductive and lateral signaling pathways in wild-type animals and the loss of sequential signaling in mutants showing unstable fate patterns; thus, validating two key predictions provided by our modeling work. The insights gained by our modeling study further substantiate the usefulness of executing and analyzing mechanistic models to investigate complex biological behaviors.
Temperature dependence of switching performance in IGBT circuits and its compact modeling

We have developed the compact IGBT model HiSIM-IGBT, based on a complete solution for the potential distribution, which connects the surface-potential of the MOS-FET part to the bipolar part by an iterative procedure in a self-consistent way. Here we report the self-heating extension of HiSIM-IGBT, a compact model for power diode including the reverse recovery effect and the model application to accurate prediction of experimental switching characteristics.