Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Watching TV Make Us Happy?

Watching TV is a major human activity. Because of its immediate benefits at negligible immediate marginal costs it is for many people tempting to view TV rather than to pursue more engaging activities. As a consequence, individuals with incomplete control over, and foresight into, their own behavior watch more TV than they consider optimal for themselves and their well-being is lower than what could be achieved. We find that heavy TV viewers, and in particular those with significant opportunity cost of time, report lower life satisfaction. Long TV hours are also linked to higher material aspirations and anxiety.
Dissipative structures of diffuse molecular gas - III. Small-scale intermittency of intense velocity-shears

Aims. We further characterize the structures tentatively identified on thermal and chemical grounds as the sites of dissipation of turbulence in molecular clouds (Papers I and II). Methods: Our study is based on two-point statistics of line centroid velocities (CV), computed from three large 12CO maps of two fields. We build the probability density functions (PDF) of the CO line centroid velocity increments (CVI) over lags varying by an order of magnitude. Structure functions of the line CV are computed up to the 6th order. We compare these statistical properties in two translucent parsec-scale fields embedded in different large-scale environments, one far from virial balance and the other virialized. We also address their scale dependence in the former, more turbulent, field. Results: The statistical properties of the line CV bear the three signatures of intermittency in a turbulent velocity field: (1) the non-Gaussian tails in the CVI PDF grow as the lag decreases, (2) the departure from Kolmogorov scaling of the high-order structure functions is more pronounced in the more turbulent field, (3) the positions contributing to the CVI PDF tails delineate narrow filamentary structures (thickness ~0.02 pc), uncorrelated to dense gas structures and spatially coherent with thicker ones (~0.18 pc) observed on larger scales. We show that the largest CVI trace sharp variations of the extreme CO linewings and that they actually capture properties of the underlying velocity field, uncontaminated by density fluctuations. The confrontation with theoretical predictions leads us to identify these small-scale filamentary structures with extrema of velocity-shears. We estimate that viscous dissipation at the 0.02 pc-scale in these structures is up to 10 times higher than average, consistent with their being associated with gas warmer than the bulk. Last, their average direction is parallel (or close) to that of the local magnetic field projection. Conclusions: Turbulence in these translucent fields exhibits the statistical and structural signatures of small-scale and inertial-range intermittency. The more turbulent field on the 30 pc-scale is also the more intermittent on small scales. The small-scale intermittent structures coincide with those formerly identified as sites of enhanced dissipation. They are organized into parsec-scale coherent structures, coupling a broad range of scales. Based on observations carried out with the IRAM-30 m telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU-CNRS/MPG/IGN.
Achievement Motivation In Hispanic University Students: Associations With Reasons For Attending College

Despite the trend of increasing diversity in the United States population, a concomitant increase in research on ethnic differences in achievement motivation has not been observed. As the attainment of an undergraduate degree becomes a necessity for positive life outcomes, further research is needed to assess ethnic minority students’ motivations for pursuing a higher education and how they relate to their levels of achievement motivation in the college classroom. A sample of ethnically diverse undergraduate students (n = 180) completed surveys targeting their achievement motivation (achievement goals and extrinsic/intrinsic motivation), motivations for attending college, and academic performance. Results revealed no ethnic differences in students’ achievement motivation and reasons for attending college, with one exception - Hispanic students were more likely to attend college because of encouragement than were Non-Hispanic White students. Neither achievement motivation nor ethnicity was able to predict students’ academic performance. Students’ achievement motivation orientation better explained reasons for attending college than ethnicity.
Design and construction of smart load management system: An effective approach to manage consumer loads during power shortage

We propose, design, and construct a smart load management (SLM) system that can be effectively utilized to meet up emergency demand (light and fan) of consumers when power generation is not sufficient with respect to its demand. The connectivity among power distribution authority, SLM device, and user are established by authority identification number, device identification number, and user identification number using GSM-based mobile network. The SLM device can be configured and reconfigured load simply by SMS without changing hardware or software. Using the device, the power distribution authority will be able to provide power for emergency loads of all consumers and also to monitor maximum allowable permitted load. Instead of complete blackout, SLM device facilitates switching over from permitted load to emergency and vice versa depending on the availability of the power supply. The SLM system can be effectively applied in a country where demand of electricity is more than its generation.
Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals and a Metalloid in Agricultural Soils in Tarkwa, Ghana

Heavy metals and a metalloid in agricultural soils in 19 communities in Tarkwa were analyzed to assess the potential ecological risk. A total of 147 soil samples were collected in June, 2012 and analyzed for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn. Mean concentrations (mg/kg dw) of heavy metals in the communities decreased in order of Zn (39) ˃ Cr (21) ˃ Pb (7.2) ˃ Cu (6.2) ˃ As (4.4) ˃ Ni (3.7) ˃ Co (1.8) ˃ Hg (0.32) ˃ Cd (0.050). Correlations among heavy metals and soil properties indicated that soil organic matter could have substantial influence on the total contents of these metals in soil. From the results, integrated pollution (Cdeg) in some communities such as, Wangarakrom (11), Badukrom (13) and T–Tamso (17) indicated high pollution with toxic metals, especially from As and Hg. Potential ecological risk (RI) indices indicated low (Mile 7) to high risks (Wangarakrom; Badukrom) of metals. Based on pollution coefficient (Cif), Cdeg, monomial ecological risk (Eir) and RI, the investigated soils fall within low to high contamination and risk of heavy metals to the ecological system especially plants, soil invertebrates and/or mammalian wildlife. This represented moderate potential ecological risk in the study area, and mining activities have played a significant role.
Double edge triggered feedback flip-flop in sub 100nm technology

In this paper, a new flip-flop called double-edge triggered feedback flip-flop (DFFF) is proposed. The dynamic power consumption of DFFF is reduced by avoiding unnecessary internal node transition. The subthreshold current in the flip-flops is very low compared to other structures. Reducing the number of transistor in the stack and increasing the number of charge path leads to higher operational speed compared to others flip-flops. The simulation results show an improvement of 44% in the speed and 45% in the static leakage power
INDIVIDUAL‐LEVEL SELECTION AS A CAUSE OF COPE'S RULE OF PHYLETIC SIZE INCREASE

Abstract Cope's rule, the tendency for species within a lineage to evolve towards larger body size, has been widely reported in the fossil record, but the mechanisms leading to such phyletic size increase remain unclear. Here we show that selection acting on individual organisms generally favors larger body size. We performed an analysis of the strength of directional selection on size compared with other quantitative traits by evaluating 854 selection estimates from 42 studies of contemporaneous natural populations. For size, more than 79% of selection estimates exceed zero, whereas for other morphological traits positive and negative values are similar in frequency. The selective advantage of increased size occurs for traits implicated in both natural selection (e.g., differences in survival) and sexual selection (e.g., differences in mating success). The predominance of positive directional selection on size within populations could translate into a macroevolutionary trend toward increased size and thereby explain Cope's rule.
Taoist leadership and employee green behaviour: A cultural and philosophical microfoundation of sustainability

Summary Existing research shows that leadership behaviours can influence the proenvironment beliefs of employees and their green behaviours. However, the mechanisms that nurture the proenvironment attitudes of employees remain unclear. By juxtaposing Taoist philosophy and Aldo Leopold's land ethic, this paper explores how the former can theoretically advance the latter from a cultural and philosophical microfoundational perspective. Taoism, which treats human beings and the natural environment as components of an integral oneness, has important implications for both Taoist leadership behaviours and the management of sustainability. We posit that the attributions of Taoist leadership—rejection of domination, reverse thinking, and selflessness—can nurture employee proenvironment attitudes. Using the narratives of Chinese leaders and employees, our research empirically shows that the proenvironment attitudes and green behaviours of employees can be nurtured through Taoist leadership. Our paper contributes the field of sustainability management by suggesting Taoism as a cultural and philosophical microfoundation for sustainability.
Family Cohesion and Adaptability as Factors in the Aetiology of Social Anxiety

SynopsisFamily adaptability concerns the extent to which a family system is flexible and able to change, and family cohesion refers to the degree to which family members are connected to the family system. Excessive rigidity and enmeshment have been shown to be detrimental to family functioning and are hypothesised to be factors contributing to the development of social anxiety. Self-report data from a sample of socially anxious Australian university students confirm this hypothesis. The findings indicate that counselling with socially anxious persons could usefully involve work with attitudes associated with sex-role stereotyping, emotional bonding and independence. These areas for work could complement the more general treatment programs which focus upon skills training and anxiety reduction in social situations.
Variability of air ion concentrations in urban Paris

Abstract. Air ion concentrations influence new particle formation and consequently the global aerosol as potential cloud condensation nuclei. We aimed to evaluate air ion concentrations and characteristics of new particle formation events (NPF) in the megacity of Paris, France, within the MEGAPOLI (Megacities: Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric Pollution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation) project. We measured air ion number size distributions (0.8–42 nm) with an air ion spectrometer and fine particle number concentrations (> 6 nm) with a twin differential mobility particle sizer in an urban site of Paris between 26 June 2009 and 4 October 2010. Air ions were size classified as small (0.8–2 nm), intermediate (2–7 nm), and large (7–20 nm). The median concentrations of small and large ions were 670 and 680 cm−3, respectively, (sum of positive and negative polarities), whereas the median concentration of intermediate ions was only 20 cm−3, as these ions were mostly present during new particle formation bursts, i.e. when gas-to-particle conversion produced fresh aerosol particles from gas phase precursors. During peaks in traffic-related particle number, the concentrations of small and intermediate ions decreased, whereas the concentrations of large ions increased. Seasonal variations affected the ion population differently, with respect to their size and polarity. NPF was observed in 13 % of the days, being most frequent in spring and late summer (April, May, July, and August). The results also suggest that NPF was favoured on the weekends in comparison to workdays, likely due to the lower levels of condensation sinks in the mornings of weekends (CS weekdays 09:00: 18 × 10−3 s−1; CS weekend 09:00: 8 × 10−3 s−1). The median growth rates (GR) of ions during the NPF events varied between 3 and 7 nm h−1, increasing with the ion size and being higher on workdays than on weekends for intermediate and large ions. The median GR of small ions on the other hand were rather similar on workdays and weekends. In general, NPF bursts changed the diurnal cycle of particle number as well as intermediate and large ions by causing an extra peak between 09:00 and 14:00. On average, during the NPF bursts the concentrations of intermediate ions were 8.5–10 times higher than on NPF non-event days, depending on the polarity, and the concentrations of large ions and particles were 1.5–1.8 and 1.2 times higher, respectively. Because the median concentrations of intermediate ions were considerably higher on NPF event days in comparison to NPF non-event days, the results indicate that intermediate ion concentrations could be used as an indication for NPF in Paris. The results suggest that NPF was a source of ions and aerosol particles in Paris and therefore contributed to both air quality degradation and climatic effects, especially in the spring and summer.
Generating test data for killing SQL mutants: A constraint-based approach

Complex SQL queries are widely used today, but it is rather difficult to check if a complex query has been written correctly. Formal verification based on comparing a specification with an implementation is not applicable, since SQL queries are essentially a specification without any implementation. Queries are usually checked by running them on sample datasets and checking that the correct result is returned; there is no guarantee that all possible errors are detected. In this paper, we address the problem of test data generation for checking correctness of SQL queries, based on the query mutation approach for modeling errors. Our presentation focuses in particular on a class of join/outer-join mutations, comparison operator mutations, and aggregation operation mutations, which are a common cause of error. To minimize human effort in testing, our techniques generate a test suite containing small and intuitive test datasets. The number of datasets generated, is linear in the size of the query, although the number of mutations in the class we consider is exponential. Under certain assumptions on constraints and query constructs, the test suite we generate is complete for a subclass of mutations that we define, i.e., it kills all non-equivalent mutations in this subclass.
ANALISIS KESULITAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP PADA MATERI TITRASI ASAM BASA SISWA SMA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesulitan pemahaman konsep pada materi titrasi asam basa siswa SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan data hasil penelitian diperoleh dari hasil tes siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tes uraian, wawancara dan dokumentasi tentang materi titrasi asam basa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Percontohan UPI dengan subjek sebanyak 30 orang siswa SMA Kelas XII IPA yang telah mempelajari materi titrasi asam basa. Kesulitan pemahaman konsep yang dialami oleh siswa yaitu siswa kesulitan dalam menjelaskan pemilihan indikator sebanyak 53,33%, siswa kesulitan dalam menuliskan persamaan dan menyetarakan persamaan reaksi asam sulfat dan natrium hidroksida sebanyak 56,65%, siswa kesulitan dalam menentukan konsentrasi asam yang bervalensi dua sebanyak 70,00% dan 10,00% kesalahan siswa dalam menentukan konsentrasi asam dan basa bervalensi satu. Siswa kesulitan dalam 86,66% siswa tidak dapat menentukan jenis titrasi berdasarkan kurva dan siswa kesulitan dalam menentukan jenis zat pada setiap daerahsebesar 80,00%. Faktor penyebab kesulitan pemahaman konsep yang dialami siswa disebabkan oleh cara mengajar guru dan siswa itu sendiri.
Doing Cultural Studies and Education between Borders

For the past few decades, cultural studies scholars and critical educators in such contexts as North America, Australia and the UK have called upon their fellow scholars to cross disciplinary borders in framing and addressing educational issues. Inter-disciplinary work as such would recognize cultural studies as bodies of knowledges and approaches to be applied in new educational settings. It would also acknowledge the need for more and better studies of schooling in order to reflect on the problematics of the sites in their specific historical and institutional contexts. This paper discusses my earlier work that investigated a pedagogical issue of project learning in the Hong Kong senior secondary school subject Liberal Studies as a case of doing cultural studies and education between the disciplinary borders of the two fields. The paper examines the interdisciplinary conceptual-analytical framework of drama and the performative I adopted to understand the complex nature of project learning as a mode of learning. It ends by reflecting on the spaces such an interdisciplinary analytical framing might open for cultural studies' interventions into the schooling system.
The reported study habits and time-management trends of post-graduate students in accountancy

The objective of this paper is to analyse the learning environment of honours chartered accountancy students with the specific focus of identifying their learning activities and time-management. A survey was conducted at a university in South Africa after initial focus group interviews. The results indicated that the students feel busy, stressed and overwhelmed. Bad study habits, that have a significant negative relationship with performance, include not doing homework, not participating in class, watching too much TV, often looking at a phone, jumping around between activities and procrastination. Good study habits like doing homework, class participating, being able to manage time, being focused and working hard at undergraduate level showed a significant positive correlation with performance. Clearly more can and should be done to support these students with developing more efficient study habits.
Norges Teknisk-naturvitenskapelige Universitet Integration Methods Based on Canonical Coordinates of the Second Kind Integration Methods Based on Canonical Coordinates of the Second Kind

We present a new class of integration methods for diierential equations on manifolds, in the framework of Lie group actions. Canonical coordinates of the second kind is used for representing the Lie group locally by means of its corresponding Lie algebra. The coordinate map itself can, in many cases, be computed inexpensively, but the approach also involves the inversion of its diierential, a task that can be challenging. To succeed, it is necessary to consider carefully how t o c hoose a basis for the Lie algebra, and the ordering of the basis is important a s w ell. For semisimple Lie algebras, one may take advantage of the root space decomposition to provide a basis with desirable properties. The problem of ordering leads us to introduce the concept of an admissible ordered basis AOB. The existence of an AOB is established for some of the most important Lie algebras. The computational cost analysis shows that the approach m a y lead to more eecient solvers for ODEs on manifolds than those based on canonical coordinates of the rst kind presented by Munthe-Kaas. Numerical experiments verify the derived properties of the new methods.
DKDs: An Ontology-based System for Distributed Teams

Global Software Development has become an option for software companies to expand their horizons and work with geographically dispersed teams, exploiting the advantages brought by this approach. However, this way of developing software enables new challenges to arise, such as the inexistence of a formal, normalized model of a project’s data and artifacts accessible to all the individuals involved, which makes it harder for them to communicate, understand each other and what is specified on the project’s artifacts. Then, this paper proposes a knowledge management tool that utilizes a domain-specific ontology for distributed development environments, aiming to help distributed teams overcome the challenges brought by this modality of software development proposing techniques and best practices. Thus, the main output of this work is Ontology-based System to Support the software development process with distributed teams. Keywords-Global Software Development; Ontologies; Knowledge.
Wisdom and Meaning in Emerging Adulthood

Wisdom and meaning are important developments in emerging adulthood. In two studies, we investigated the relationship between wisdom and meaning using self-report measures (Study 1; N = 298) and narrative coding (Study 2; N = 271). Study 1 supported the hypothesis that the search for and presence of meaning in life were both positively correlated with wisdom. The presence of meaning partially mediated the relationship between wisdom and positive self-characteristics (i.e., optimism and self-esteem). Study 2 extended these results by coding two styles of narrative meaning-making in autobiographical memories of stressful life events. As predicted, wisdom was positively associated with exploratory processing (i.e., deriving lessons and insights) in stressful memories but uncorrelated with redemptive processing (i.e., aimed at positive emotional transformation). Results suggest a possible pathway through which wisdom and meaning influence positive self-development and the importance of styles of narrative meaning-making that differentially predict wisdom.
Immunomodulatory Role of Ocimum gratissimum and Ascorbic Acid against Nicotine-Induced Murine Peritoneal Macrophages In Vitro

The aim of this present study was to evaluate the immune functions and immune responses in nicotine-induced (10 mM) macrophages and concurrently establish the immunomodulatory role of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum (Ae-Og) and ascorbic acid. In this study, nitrite generations and some phenotype functions by macrophages were studied. Beside that, release of Th1 cytokines (TNF-α, IL-12) and Th2 cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) was measured by ELISA, and the expression of these cytokines at mRNA level was analyzed by real-time PCR. Ae-Og, at a dose of 10 μg/mL, significantly reduced the nicotine-induced NO generation and iNOSII expression. Similar kinds of response were observed with supplementation of ascorbic acid (0.01 mM). The administration of Ae-Og and ascorbic acid increased the decreased adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and intracellular killing of bacteria in nicotine-treated macrophages. Ae-Og and ascorbic acid were found to protect the murine peritoneal macrophages through downregulation of Th1 cytokines in nicotine-treated macrophages with concurrent activation of Th2 responses. These findings strongly enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanism leading to nicotine-induced suppression of immune functions and provide additional rationale for application of anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches by O. gratissimum and ascorbic acid for different inflammatory disease prevention and treatment during nicotine toxicity.