Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"Actual" and Perceptual Effects of Category Spanning

Literature to date has demonstrated that producers and products spanning multiple categories have inferior market performance. However, two related but distinct explanations exist as to the source of such a discount. One explanation suggests that “actual” skills are degraded when producers attempt to engage across diverse categories. Another explanation involves perceptual fit to category representations held by an audience as the cause. These two explanations tend to be confounded in archival studies because external observers, responsible for the evaluation of market performance, are often aware of both the identity of producers and the underlying characteristics of their products. This leaves researchers unable to empirically separate effects. We present an analysis conducted in a setting in which it was possible to distinguish the two mechanisms: critics’ ratings of the same wines through “blind” and “nonblind” tastings. The findings indicate that after controlling for the value of ratings assigned blindly, the wines made by wineries spanning styles continue to receive lower ratings in the nonblind situation.
The Use of Affective and Cognitive Assessment on the Learning of Mirrors and Lenses through the Inquiry Laboratory Approach

This study aims to examine the use of affective and cognitive assesment on the learning of mirrors and lenses with inquiry laboratory approach. The research conducted by experimental design and involved 30 students of class VIII at one of secondary high school in Samarinda, Indonesia as research subjects. Quantitative data were collected using an observation sheet for affective assessment and an essay model test instrument for cognitive assessment. Affective aspects include receiving, responding, appreciating, managing, and characterizing. Cognitive aspects for the dimensions of knowledge include factual, conceptual, and procedural, while its cognitive processes include remembering, understanding, applying, and analyzing. The learning of mirrors and lenses were taught using the inquiry laboratory approach. The approach stage of inquiry laboratory includes observation, manipulation, generalization, verification, and application. The results showed a positive correlation between affective and cognitive abilities, students with high affective abilities showed high cognitive abilities too and vice versa. The findings showed that the inquiry laboratory approach helps increase the interest and motivation and helps students to understand the concepts of mirrors and lenses.
Calcineurin-dependent cofilin activation and increased retrograde actin flow drive 5-HT–dependent neurite outgrowth in Aplysia bag cell neurons

5-HT promotes neurite growth via IP3-dependent Ca2+ release in neuronal growth cones. Outgrowth depends on increased rates of actin array treadmilling mediated by Ca2+-calcineurin–dependent cofilin activation. This mode of growth contrasts with substrate-dependent responses, for which retrograde actin flow and advance rates have been inversely correlated.
Optimising traffic lights with metaheuristics: Reduction of car emissions and consumption

In last years, enhancing the vehicular traffic flow becomes a mandatory task to minimize the impact of polluting emissions and unsustainable fuel consumption in our cities. Smart Mobility optimisation emerges then, with the goal of improving the traffic management in the city. With this aim, we propose in this paper an optimisation strategy based on swarm intelligence to find efficient cycle programs for traffic lights deployed in large urban areas. In concrete, in this work we focus on the improvement of the traffic flow with the global purpose of reducing contaminant emissions (CO2 and NOx) and fuel consumption in the analyzed areas. For the sake of standardization, we follow European Union reference framework for traffic emissions, called HandBook Emission FActors (HBEFA). As a case study, we have concentrated in two extensive urban areas in the cities of Malaga and Seville (in Spain). After several comparisons between different optimisation techniques (Differential Evolution and Random Search), as well as other solutions provided by experts, our proposal is shown to obtain significant reductions of fuel consumption and gas emissions.
An H∞ approach to adaptive controller of T-S fuzzy model

In this paper, the reconstruction error between the real system to be controlled and its T-S fuzzy model is considered in the context of control system design. As a result, an H∞ approach to adaptive controller that consists of two parts: one is obtained by solving certain linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) (fixed part) and another one is acquired by the fuzzy approximator in which the related parameters are tuned by adaptive law (variable part), is proposed. The proposed controller can guarantee the control state to converge and uniformly bounded while maintaining all the signals involved stable.
Degrees of freedom of three-user SISO interference channels under hybrid CSI at the transmitters

In this paper, we consider the degrees of freedom (DoF) of the three-user single-input-single-output interference channel (SISO-IC) with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) fading across antennas and channel uses and under hybrid channel state information (CSI) at the transmitters. Hybrid CSI implies that delayed CSI of the whole network is available to all the transmitters whereas only local instantaneous CSI is available to each transmitter which is obtained through feedback from its own receiver. We show that a DoF of 6 can be attained for this scenario which is greater than the existing results on completely delayed CSI feedback scenario. Further, the local instantaneous CSIT needs to be available only for 20% of the total transmission time. In other words, the CSIT in our scheme can be delayed up to 80% of the channel coherence time. Also, the message for every user is completely private, i.e., any part of it cannot be decoded by any unintended user.
Penerapan Reward and Punishment Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam Pada Siswa di SDN Pataonan 3 Socah Bangkalan

Reward and punishment adalah penghargaan dan hukuman yang merupakan reaksi pendidikan atas perbuatan yang telah dilakukan oleh anak didik, penghargaan baik dan hukuman untuk perbuatan yang salah yang telah dilakukan anak didik. Keduanya merupakan alat pendidikan dan keduanya timbul sebagai usaha untuk memperbaiki kelakuan dan budi pekerti anak didik. Penghargaan yang diberikan sebagai ungkapan rasa senang dan bangga atas perbuatan baik dan prestasi anak, tetapi jangan sampai menebalkan sifat materialisnya. Sedang hukuman dalam pendidikan diberikan dengan tujuan untuk menuntun dan memperbaiki, bukan untuk menghardik atau balas dendam, bahkan jiwa santun sangat diperlukan dalam siasat pendidikan. Reward and punishment merupakan salah satu alat pendidikan yang berfungsi untuk memotivasi siswa dalam belajar. Dengan demikian maksud dan tujuan-tujuan dalam pemberian reward (ganjaran) dan punishment (hukuman), yaitu lebih meningkatkan kemauan belajar yang lebih baik oleh peserta didik. Seorang pendidik diharapkan dalam memberikan ganjaran dan hukuman sesuai dengan peraturan yang ada, sehingga peserta didik dapat menerima dengan besar hati dan diharapkan selama ganjaran dan hukuman diterapkan tidak ada kesalah pahaman antara pendidik dan peserta didik. Sehingga metode ganjaran dan hukuman dapat membawa dampak positif yang dapat menjadikan peserta didik untuk menjadi lebih baik terutama dalam hal berahklak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada dampak positif dari penerapan RewardandPunishment karena dapat menyadarkan peserta didik untuk dapat belajar dan lebih giat lagi saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung, disamping itu siswa dapat menjadi lebih bersemangat dan termotivasi untuk bisa menjadi yang lebih baik lagi.
Correcting Time-Continuous Emotional Labels by Modeling the Reaction Lag of Evaluators

An appealing scheme to characterize expressive behaviors is the use of emotional dimensions such as activation (calm versus active) and valence (negative versus positive). These descriptors offer many advantages to describe the wide spectrum of emotions. Due to the continuous nature of fast-changing expressive vocal and gestural behaviors, it is desirable to continuously track these emotional traces, capturing subtle and localized events (e.g., with FEELTRACE). However, time-continuous annotations introduce challenges that affect the reliability of the labels. In particular, an important issue is the evaluators' reaction lag caused by observing, appraising, and responding to the expressive behaviors. An empirical analysis demonstrates that this delay varies from 1 to 6 seconds, depending on the annotator, expressive dimension, and actual behaviors. Our experiments show accuracy improvements even with fixed delays (1-3 seconds). This paper proposes to compensate for this reaction lag by finding the time-shift that maximizes the mutual information between the expressive behaviors and the time-continuous annotations. The approach is implemented by making different assumptions about the evaluators' reaction lag. The benefits of compensating for the delay is demonstrated with emotion classification experiments. On average, the classifiers trained with facial and speech features show more than 7 percent relative improvements over baseline classifiers trained and tested without shifting the time-continuous annotations.
Empirical Selection of Informative Microsatellite Markers within Co-ancestry Pig Populations Is Required for Improving the Individual Assignment Efficiency

The Lanyu is a miniature pig breed indigenous to Lanyu Island, Taiwan. It is distantly related to Asian and European pig breeds. It has been inbred to generate two breeds and crossed with Landrace and Duroc to produce two hybrids for laboratory use. Selecting sets of informative genetic markers to track the genetic qualities of laboratory animals and stud stock is an important function of genetic databases. For more than two decades, Lanyu derived breeds of common ancestry and crossbreeds have been used to examine the effectiveness of genetic marker selection and optimal approaches for individual assignment. In this paper, these pigs and the following breeds: Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire, Meishan and Taoyuan, TLRI Black Pig No. 1, and Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station Black pig are studied to build a genetic reference database. Nineteen microsatellite markers (loci) provide information on genetic variation and differentiation among studied breeds. High differentiation index (FST) and Cavalli-Sforza chord distances give genetic differentiation among breeds, including Lanyu’s inbred populations. Inbreeding values (FIS) show that Lanyu and its derived inbred breeds have significant loss of heterozygosity. Individual assignment testing of 352 animals was done with different numbers of microsatellite markers in this study. The testing assigned 99% of the animals successfully into their correct reference populations based on 9 to 14 markers ranking D-scores, allelic number, expected heterozygosity (HE) or FST, respectively. All miss-assigned individuals came from close lineage Lanyu breeds. To improve individual assignment among close lineage breeds, microsatellite markers selected from Lanyu populations with high polymorphic, heterozygosity, FST and D-scores were used. Only 6 to 8 markers ranking HE, FST or allelic number were required to obtain 99% assignment accuracy. This result suggests empirical examination of assignment-error rates is required if discernible levels of co-ancestry exist. In the reference group, optimum assignment accuracy was achievable achieved through a combination of different markers by ranking the heterozygosity, FST and allelic number of close lineage populations.
Does Economic Integration Affect Spatial Concentration of Industries? Theory and a Case Study for India

Notwithstanding there has been voluminous concern among the researchers and policymakers, the theoretical predictions and empirical evidences regarding the impact of economic integration on spatial concentration of industries are ambiguous. The paper critically reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the issue, and presents a case study for India. The findings suggest that following economic reforms in the early 1990s spatial concentration of manufacturing industries has declined in the early years (during 1993-94 to 1999-2000), but it has significantly increased in the last decade.
Differential Equation Models Derived from an Individual-Based Model Can Help to Understand Emergent Effects

We study a model of primacy effect on individual's attitude. Typically, when receiving a strong negative feature first, the individual keeps a negative attitude whatever the number of moderate positive features it receives afterwards. We consider a population of individuals, which receive the features from a media, and communicate with each other. We observe that interactions favour the primacy effect, compared with a population of isolated individuals. We derive a differential equation system ruling the evolution of probabilities that individuals retain different sets of features. The study of this aggregated model of the IBM shows that interaction can increase or decrease the number of individuals exhibiting a primacy effect. We verify on the IBM that the interactions can decrease the primacy effect in the conditions suggested by the study of the aggregated model. We finally discuss the interest of such a double-modelling approach (using a model of the individual based model) for this application.
Academic performance of first-year university students: the influence of resilience and engagement

ABSTRACT This study, using a time-lagged design, investigated whether or not a relationship between the dimensions of resilience and engagement, and the academic performance of first-year university students, existed. Moreover, we investigated whether or not the dimensions of resilience and engagement were different in students who dropped out of their university studies during their first year as compared to those who remained in university. For the total sample (N = 748), the results showed that two dimensions of resilience (hardiness and resourcefulness) and two of engagement (dedication and absorption) helped predict the academic performance of students. Nevertheless, the importance of each one of these variables differed according to gender. Absorption predicted academic performance in males but not in females. Results showed that those students who remained in university after their first year had more vigor, more hardiness and more resourcefulness than those who had dropped out of their university studies. These results suggested that resilience and engagement had to be taken into consideration at the time of university admission if there was an aim to improve the results of the academic performance.
XMM–Newton EPIC and Optical Monitor observations of Her X‐1 over the 35‐d beat period

We present the results of a series of XMM-Newton European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) and Optical Monitor observations of Her X-1, spread over a wide range of the 35-d precession period. We confirm that the spin modulation of the neutron star is weak or absent in the low state - in marked contrast to the main or short-on states. During the states of higher intensity, we observe a substructure in the broad soft X-ray modulation below ∼ 1 ke V, revealing the presence of separate peaks which reflect the structure seen at higher energies. The strong fluorescence emission line at ∼6.4 keV is detected in all observations (apart from one taken in the middle of eclipse), with higher line energy, width and normalization during the main-on state. In addition, we report the detection of a second line near 7 keV in 10 of the 15 observations taken during the low-intensity states of the system. This feature is rather weak and not significantly detected during the main-on state, when the strong continuum emission dominates the X-ray spectrum. Spin-resolved spectroscopy just after the rise to the main-on state shows that the variation of the Fe Kα at 6.4 keV is correlated with the soft X-ray emission. This confirms our past finding based on the XMM-Newton observations made further into the main-on state, and indicates the common origin for the thermal component and the Fe Kα line detected at these phases. We also find that the normalization of the 6.4-keV line during the low state is correlated with the binary orbital phase, having a broad maximum centred near φ oribit ∼ 0.5. We discuss these observations in the context of previous observations, investigate the origin of the soft and hard X-rays and consider the emission site of the 6.4-keV and 7-keV emission lines.
Query-driven Active Surveying for Collective Classification

In network classification problems such as those found in intelligence gathering, public health, and viral marketing, one is often only interested in inferring the labels of a subset of the nodes. We refer to this subset as the query set, and define the problem as query-driven collective classification. We study this problem in a practical active learning framework, in which the learning algorithm can survey non-query nodes to obtain their labels and network structure. We derive a surveying strategy aimed toward optimal inference on the query set. Considering both feature and structural smoothness, concepts that we formally define, we develop an algorithm which adaptively selects survey nodes by estimating which form of smoothness is most appropriate. We evaluate our algorithm on several network datasets and demonstrate its improvements over standard active learning methods.
The Prompt Optical/Near-Infrared Flare of GRB 050904: The Most Luminous Transient Ever Detected

With a redshift of z = 6.295, GRB 050904 is the most distant gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever discovered. It was an energetic event at all wavelengths, and the afterglow was observed in detail in the near-infrared (NIR) bands. We gathered all available optical and NIR afterglow photometry of this GRB to construct a composite NIR light curve spanning several decades in time and flux density. Transforming the NIR light curve into the optical, we find that the afterglow of GRB 050904 was more luminous at early times than any other GRB afterglow in the pre-Swift era, making it at these wavelengths the most luminous transient ever detected. Given the intrinsic properties of GRB 050904 and its afterglow, we discuss whether this burst is markedly different from other GRBs at lower redshifts.
Evaluating Effectiveness in a Hispanic-Serving Counselor Training Clinic

ABSTRACT Counselor training clinics provide a valuable resource for low- or no-cost counseling for the community. The purpose of this study was to conduct a single group program evaluation. Participants included 79 clients who attended at least 5 consecutive sessions. Paired sample t tests compared pretest and posttest mean scores of the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) and Session Rating Scale (SRS). One-way analyses of variance assessed for changes in the ORS scores based on client ethnicity or gender. Results included a statistically significant change in ORS and SRS scores after a minimum of 5 counseling sessions. Implications for counselor educators and clinic directors are further discussed.
Growing up in a Material World: Age Differences in Materialism in Children and Adolescents

We examine age differences in materialism with children and adolescents 8–18 years old. In study 1, we find materialism increases from middle childhood to early adolescence and declines from early to late adolescence. Further, we find that age differences are mediated by changes in self-esteem occurring from middle childhood through adolescence. In study 2, we prime self-esteem to obtain further evidence of a causal link between self-esteem and materialism. As expected, we find that inducing high self-esteem decreases expressions of materialism. Inducing high self-esteem reduces materialism among adolescents so dramatically that age differences in materialism disappear.
Defining the Regulatory Factors Required for Epidermal Gene Expression

ABSTRACT Keratins K5 and K14 are the hallmarks of mitotically active keratinocytes of stratified epithelia. They are transcribed at a high level and in a tissue-specific manner, enabling us to use the K14 gene to elucidate the regulatory mechanism underlying epidermis-specific transcription. We have identified four DNase I-hypersensitive sites (HSs) present in the 5′ regulatory sequences of the K14 gene under specific conditions where the gene is actively expressed. Two of these sites (HSsII and -III) are conserved in position and sequence within the human and mouse K14 genes. Using an in vivo transgenic approach and an in vitro keratinocyte culture approach, we have discovered that most of K14's transcriptional activity is restricted to a novel 700-bp regulatory domain encompassing these HSs. This enhancer is sufficient to confer epidermis-specific activity to a heterologous promoter in transfection assays in culture and in transgenic mice in vivo. A 125-bp DNA fragment encompassing HSsII harbors the majority of the transactivation activity in vitro, and electrophoretic mobility shift and mutational assays reveal a role for AP-1, ets, and AP-2 family members in orchestrating the keratinocyte-preferred expression of HSsII. The HSsII element also confers epidermal expressivity to a heterologous promoter in transgenic mice, although it is not sufficient on its own to fully restrict activity to keratinocytes. Within the HSsII element, the ets and AP-2 sites appear to be most critical in collaborating to regulate epidermal specificity in vivo.
Mental spaces , language modalities , and conceptual integration

In working on matters related to language over the years, my greatest surprise has been to find out how little of the rich meanings we construct is explicitly contained in the forms of language itself. I had taken it for granted, at first, that languages were essentially coding systems for semantic relations, and that sentences, when appropriately associated with 'natural' pragmatic specifications, would yield full meanings. Quite interestingly, this is not the way language works, nor is it the way that meaning is constructed. Rather, language, along with other aspects of expression, and contextual framing, serves as a powerful means of prompting dynamic on-line constructions of meaning that go far beyond anything explicitly provided by the lexical and grammatical forms. This is not a matter of vagueness or ambiguity; it is in the very nature of our systems of thought. But grammar, in this scheme, is not to be disdained, for while it does not provide the landscape or the means of moving through it, it does show us the way. It guides our elaborate conceptual work with an admirable economy of overt indications, and an impressive reliability in moving us along conceptual paths.