Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Collaborative Life Skills Program in Spanish (CLS-S): Pilot Investigation of Intervention Process, Outcomes, and Qualitative Feedback

ABSTRACT Behavioral intervention trials for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) consistently document favorable fidelity and outcome results. However, less is known about the generalizability of these findings to non-English-speaking minority groups. To address existing gaps in the availability and evaluation of school-home interventions for Spanish-speaking Latinos, we adapted the Collaborative Life Skills (CLS) Program for Spanish-speaking families (i.e., CLS-S) and implemented/evaluated the adapted program in a pilot study. Participants included 24 Latino children in grades second-fifth across four elementary schools; two of these schools (n = 12) were assigned to receive CLS-S and two schools (n = 12) were assigned to usual school services followed by CLS-S after completion of the trial. Results suggest CLS can be successfully implemented in Spanish, as evidenced by high levels of CLS-S fidelity to intervention, as well as high levels of participant attendance and adherence to treatment strategies. Results also suggest promising outcomes from CLS-S, as evidenced by significant post-treatment improvement in ADHD and ODD symptoms reported by parents/caregivers and teachers, social skills reported by parents/caregivers, and organizational problems reported by teachers for treated families compared to families receiving school services as usual. Parent/caregiver reports of ADHD and ODD symptom improvement also are significant at follow-up during the next school year. Qualitative themes emerged supporting CLS-S process and outcome results, including parent/caregiver appreciation of the collaborative design, rapport with staff, and ease of CLS-S employment. Taken together, mixed-method findings support translating evidence-based interventions for theoretically-guided implementation/evaluation in our increasingly diverse communities.
TWO-SAMPLE DENSITY-BASED EMPIRICAL LIKELIHOOD TESTS FOR STOCHASTICALLY ORDERED ALTERNATIVES

The empirical likelihood method based on the empirical distribution functions is a wellaccepted statistical tool for testing. Recently, the density-based empirical likelihood technique was proposed and applied successfully to construct a powerful two-sample nonparametric likelihood ratio test based on samples entropy. However, while the problem of one-sided alternatives has received considerable attention in the case of the likelihood ratio tests, the two-sample density-based empirical likelihood test was proposed only in the context of the two-sided alternative. Hence, it is not suitable for a variety of applied statistical problems where the one-sided test should be driven by the scientific question and the data analyzed. In this paper we show how one-sample density-based empirical likelihood tests can be constructed and provide a proof of their consistency. Monte Carlo simulations confirm that the proposed one-sided nonparametric tests have approximately same powers as that of the Wilcoxon test detecting a constant shift in the one-sided two-sample problem and are preferable to the Wilcoxon test detecting a nonconstant shift.
Presence of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Predicts a Poor Clinical Outcome in Dogs with a Primary Hepatitis

Primary hepatopathies are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. The underlying aetiology of most cases of canine hepatitis is unknown. Consequently, treatments are typically palliative and it is difficult to provide accurate prognostic information to owners. In human hepatology there is accumulating data which indicates that the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a common and debilitating event in patients with liver diseases. For example, the presence of SIRS has been linked to the development of complications such as hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and is associated with a poor clinical outcome in humans with liver diseases. In contrast, the relationship between SIRS and clinical outcome in dogs with a primary hepatitis is unknown. Seventy dogs with histologically confirmed primary hepatitis were enrolled into the study. Additional clinical and clinicopathological information including respiratory rate, heart rate, temperature, white blood cell count, sodium, potassium, sex, presence of ascites, HE score, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin and red blood cell concentration were available in all cases. The median survival of dogs with a SIRS score of 0 or 1 (SIRS low) was 231 days compared to a median survival of 7 days for dogs with a SIRS score of 2, 3 or 4 (SIRS high) (p<0.001). A Cox proportional hazard model, which included all other co-variables, revealed that a SIRS high score was an independent predictor of a poor clinical outcome. The effect of modulating inflammation on treatment outcomes in dogs with a primary hepatitis is deserving of further study.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTION BEFORE AND AFTER SUBCALLOSAL CINGULATE DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION IN PATIENTS WITH TREATMENT‐RESISTANT DEPRESSION

Treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) is a pervasive and difficult to treat condition for which deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subcallosal cingulate white matter (SCCwm) is an emerging therapeutic option. However, neuropsychological safety data for this novel treatment have only been published for a small number of subjects. Moreover, little is known regarding the neuropsychological profile present in TRD patients at baseline, prior to initiation of DBS therapy. This report describes the neuropsychological effects of TRD and acute and chronic DBS of the SCCwm in patients with unipolar and bipolar TRD.
Emotion, fear and superstition in the New Zealand stockmarket

Abstract We analyse the reaction of the New Zealand stock market to five economically‐neutral events that psychology research indicates have varying degrees of influence on emotion and mood. Contrary to behavioural finance principles, only one of these events is associated with mean or median returns that are statistically different from those on non‐event days, and even this disappears in the post‐1984 period. However, several events offer returns that differ from those on non‐event days in an economically significant manner. Moreover, the variance of returns for event days is typically much greater than the variance for non‐event days. Contrary to what theory would suggest, the market's propensity to react to economically‐neutral events is largely independent of the mid‐1980's market reforms.
A Cognitive Rationale for a Problem-Based U.S. History Survey

In recent years, calls for reform of the coverage-based history survey course have been numerous, 1 as have suggestions for new instructional approaches designed to promote more active, meaningful, and applicable learning among students. Much of the "Scholarship on the Teaching and Leaming" of history ( often called So TL) within a survey course context comes through a focused disciplinary lens. Illustrative of the discussion is David Pace's call for a cognitive frame of reference within this focus through two broad questions: "What do students bring to the history classroom that might have a major impact on their learning? " and "What mental operations and procedures must [students] master in order to think historically? "2 Questions of this type, as well as the fundamental belief that historical thinking is crucial in the teaching and learning of history in a survey course context, have guided SoTL scholars such as David Pace, Sam Wineburg, Lendol Calder, and Robert Bain to apply cognitive learning dynamics to help explain how students may acquire "habits of mind" of the historian.3 Historical thinking is broadly defined as the reading, analysis, and writing that is necessary to develop an understanding of the past.4 Developing these skills among survey students calls for domain-specific scaffolds within the context of historical inquiry,5 under the assumption that the knowledge and analytical skills gained from such practice will be useful in a broader general education context as students
Proactive and Reactive Aggressive Behavior in Bullying : The Role of Values

The study of violence and bullying in schools is a line of scientific research that has contributed significantly to knowledge on human aggressiveness, especially in children and adolescents. This article shows that there are two patterns of aggressive behavior: proactive and reactive. Both are present in bullying, as are other psychological aspects pertaining to the individuals involved, such as basic personality traits, self-esteem and values. This study links both proactive and reactive behavioral patterns to involvement and non-involvement in school bullying. The results reveal that basic personality traits, such as neuroticism, have a direct impact on proactive and reactive bullying, as do the social and individual dimensions of self-esteem and social and moral values. These findings confirm that variables relating to personal and social values are, in turn, related to proactive and reactive aggressive behavior in bullying for those involved and not involved in bullying. However, they also highlight that while aggressors engage in more proactive aggressive behavior, reactive aggression is more frequent among victims.
Role Stress and Coping with Role Stress among Indian Women Executives

In an effort to extend theory & research on the effect of role stress on individuals and their coping ability, the relationship between Role Stress and Coping with Role Stress among women executives was examined. In today’s world more women are taking up managerial responsibilities which require them to balance multiple roles both at work and at home. This automatically gives rise to some amount of stress. In the present study, the sample consists of 200 adult women executives. The research examines the different role stressors encountered by women executives and the coping style used by them, to deal with these stressors. Results showed that executives tend to use more of proactive style of Approach Mode of Coping with Role Stress wherein they deal with Role Stress through own efforts, seeking help from significant others and using organizational resources to reduce role stress.
“We don’t really have cause to discuss these things, they don’t affect us”: a collaborative model for developing culturally appropriate sexual health services with the Bangladeshi community of Tower Hamlets

Objective: To identify barriers to accessing sexual health care among the Bangladeshi community of east London and to develop a model of community participation in service development. Methods: Qualitative study using one to one interviews with sexual health service users plus focus groups in community settings. Results: 58 people participated in the study, 12 in individual interviews and the remainder in six focus groups. All were of Bangladeshi origin. Four main themes were reported as impacting on access to services; confidentiality concerns, relevance of services to the community, problems with discussing sexual issues, and problems with previous experiences of health promotion. Community values regarding sex outside of marriage were an important underlying factor in participants’ responses. Existing sexual health services were seen as culturally insensitive by patients and community groups. Conclusions: Community based health initiatives among hard to reach ethnic minority groups should use existing networks of statutory and non-statutory groups to benefit from local expertise and relationships. Steering groups composed of members of the local communities served by the clinic can usefully inform service development.
Complexity in Human Perception of Brightness: A Historical Review on the Evolution of the Philosophy of Visual Perception

Problem statement: The “eye-brain” complex, which contributes maximally to visual perception, is no doubt a very interesting object for complexity study. In this review we shall try to present some of its aspects in perceiving brightness. It is a well-known fact that the perceived brightness of any surface depends on the brightness of the surfaces that surround it, a phenomenon termed as brightness induction. Several studies reveal that brightness contrast and brightness assimilation are two opposite phenomena in brightness induction. The former can be explained through the microscopic neural circuits that emanate from the retinal ganglion cells and converge on to primary visual cortex i.e. through a bottom-up approach, something which however fails till date to account for the later. In search of a unified theory of brightness induction, a top-down approach has often been suggested. However, the mechanism of brightness induction evident in several optical illusions, is not yet understood even after 200 years of intense research that saw George Berkeley, Maxwell, Helmholtz and the modern Gestalt school, that include both the intrinsic image theorists as well as the anchoring model theorists, following the “top-down” approach on one hand and Weber, Fechner, Mach, succeeded by the modern contrast theorists following the “bottom-up” approach on the other. Approach: In this review, we presented a historical perspective of the evolution of human concepts about the perception of brightness. We tried to capture the two essential philosophical trends among the scientists in understanding the phenomenon of brightness induction. The problems with idealist approach as well as the limitations of the mechanical materialist approach, have been pointed out in the light of the facts that, nature in general and complex systems in particular, are intrinsically dialectic in nature. Results: A proposal had been put forward that the path of dialectical materialism is the possible way out for the present philosophical crisis. Conclusion: Lateral inhibition based contrast theories need to be substantiated not only by the basic law of dialectics on which it rests upon viz., the unity of opposites, but also through the incorporation of the other dialectical laws like connectivity, quantity-quality transition and negation of the negation, so as to challenge all sorts of mysticisms in vision science and in brightness perception domain. Some recent researches both in experimental psychophysics as well as in mathematical modeling, that have been discussed or referred to in this review, are showing signs of such a development. In order to ensure that such synthesis should be dialectic and not eclectic, it would require identifying the proper mathematics towards quantitatively representing complex phenomena, a mathematics that can quantify the interaction between the part and the whole, through dialectical rules.
Tax-Subsidized Underpricing: Issuers and Underwriters in the Market for Build America Bonds

Build America Bonds (BABs) were issued by states and municipalities for twenty months as an alternative to tax-exempt bonds. The program was part of the 2009 fiscal stimulus package. The bonds are taxable to the holder, but the federal Treasury rebates 35% of the coupon payment to the issuer. The stated purpose of the program was to provide municipal issuers with access to a more liquid market by making them attractive to foreign, tax-exempt, and tax-deferred investors. We evaluate one aspect of the liquidity of the bonds---the underpricing when the bonds are issued. We show that the structure of the rebate creates additional incentives to underprice the bonds when they are issued, and that the underpricing is larger for BABs than for traditional municipals, controlling for characteristics such as size of the issue or the trade. This suggests that the bonds are not more liquid, contrary to the stated purpose of the program, or that issuers and underwriters are strategically underpricing the bonds to increase the tax subsidy, or both. Several findings point to strategic underpricing. There is a negative correlation between the underwriter's spread and the underpricing. The underpricing for BABs is quite evident for institutional and interdealer trades, while that for tax-exempts is primarily for smaller sales to customers. Counterfactuals for our estimated structural model also suggest strategic underpricing.
Dynamic and transient interactions of Atg9 with autophagosomes, but not membrane integration, are required for autophagy

Mammalian Atg9 (mAtg9) is a multispanning membrane protein that resides in a novel compartment. mAtg9 interacts dynamically with phagophores and forming autophagosomes. It is proposed that mAtg9 function is required to initiate autophagosome formation and increase the number of autophagosomes.
Synopsis, Cereal productivity and its drivers: The case of Ethiopia

Cereal production has exhibited unprecedented growth in Ethiopia, leading to important welfare improvements in the country. However, it is not well understood what the drivers have been of this growth and how it can be sustained. In particular, there is a lack of evidence on the contribution of improvements in productivity to growth in yields. Moreover, doubts exist on whether it is possible to sustain such growth on declining landholdings. We study cereal production using a unique large-scale survey of households and analyze productivity is-sues using stochastic frontier and data envelopment analyses, two conceptually dissimilar methods. Production frontier estimates indicate that modern inputs contribute significantly to improvements in yields. The two analytical methods used indicate that an average cereal producing household is less than half as efficient as optimally producing households, and, consequently, there is considerable opportunity for additional growth in cereal production in Ethiopia.
The emergence of learning communities : a conceptual analysis Draft , February 2002

A central issue in theories of organizational learning concerns the relation between knowledge of individuals and knowledge at the level of an organization. ‘Communities’ form a crucial intermediate level, in which knowledge links between individuals are achieved, and which then somehow form the basis for organizational learning. Hence the importance of the study of such communities. The focus of this paper is on communities for exploration rather than exploitation. Exploration requires diversity of knowledge and skill, but there must be sufficient mutual understanding and commitment to utilize the opportunities of diversity. This paper focuses on the question how that can be achieved, in terms of a shared system of meanings.
The Fraction of DA White Dwarfs with Kilo-Gauss Magnetic Fields

Context. Weak magnetic fields have been searched for on only a small number of white dwarfs. Current estimates find that about 10% of all white dwarfs have fields in excess of 1 MG; according to previous studies this number increases up to about 25% in the kG regime. Aims. Our aim is to improve on these statistics by a new sample of ten white dwarfs in order to determine the ratio of magnetic to field-free white dwarfs. Methods. Mean longitudinal magnetic fields strengths were determined by means of high-precision circular polarimetry of H β and H γ with the FORS1 spectrograph of the VLT “Kueyen” 8 m telescope. Results. In one of our objects (LTT 7987), we detected a statistically significant (97% confidence level) longitudinal magnetic field varying between ($-1\pm 0.5$) kG and ($+1\pm 0.5$) kG. This would be the weakest magnetic field ever found in a white dwarf, but systematic errors cannot completely be ruled out at this level of accuracy. We also observed the sdO star EC 11481-2303 but could not detect a magnetic field. Conclusions. VLT observations with uncertainties typically of 1000 G or less suggest that 15-20% of WDs have kG fields. Together with previous investigations, the fraction of kG magnetic fields in white dwarfs amounts to about 11-15%, which is close to the current estimations for highly magnetic white dwarfs (>1 MG).
Medical Technology in Smart Homes: Exploring the User's Perspective on Privacy, Intimacy and Trust

This paper reports on a study exploring the attitudes of users towards video-based monitoring systems for long-term care of elderly or disabled people in smart home environments. The focus of the study was on investigating the willingness of users to accept medical technology in their homes and the specific conditions under which continuous monitoring would be acceptable. Using the questionnaire method, a total of 165 users (17-95 years) were examined regarding privacy, intimacy and trust issues for medical technology in homes. The results highlight trust and privacy as central requirements, especially when implemented within private spaces. The reported concerns were mostly insensitive to gender and age. Overall, it was revealed that acceptance issues and users' needs and wants should be seriously considered in order to successfully design new medical technologies.
The Economic Imperative to Conquer Diabetes The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not represent the position of the U.S. Government.

The new data presented in this issue (1) estimating the 2007 economic cost of diabetes in the U.S. at $174 billion are sobering. One in five health care dollars is spent caring for someone with diabetes, and one in ten dollars spent on health care is attributable to diabetes and its complications. In addition to the $116 billion in excess medical expenditures, the loss to the nation in economic productivity is $58 billion. Yet, even these staggering totals are incomplete because the American Diabetes Association (ADA)-commissioned study excludes unknown costs such as those associated with undiagnosed diabetes (about one in four people with diabetes) and the unpaid care and associated loss of productivity of family members. This study also does not consider the costs of pre-diabetes, which affects 54 million Americans (2) and modestly increases cardiovascular disease risk (3), because there is inadequate information to assess its impact on medical costs or productivity. Nonetheless, the looming risk of diabetes (up to 70% of individuals with pre-diabetes will progress to diabetes) (3) and longitudinal data demonstrating an association between glucose level in middle age and future Medicare charges (4) portend even higher future economic costs. In today's U.S. population, about one in five individuals over age 60 years has diabetes, but one in three Americans born in 2000 is projected to develop diabetes over their lifespan (5). Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity and sedentary lifestyle are well-recognized drivers of the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the U.S. and worldwide, together with an aging and more diverse American population. While attention has focused on increasing rates of obesity and, consequently, type 2 diabetes in children and young adults, the incidence of type 1 diabetes is also rising and the age of onset falling in the U.S. and Europe (6 …