Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A distinct DGAT with sn-3 acetyltransferase activity that synthesizes unusual, reduced-viscosity oils in Euonymus and transgenic seeds

Endosperm and embryo tissues from the seeds of Euonymus alatus (Burning Bush) accumulate high levels of 3-acetyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols (acTAGs) as their major storage lipids. In contrast, the aril tissue surrounding the seed produces long-chain triacylglycerols (lcTAGs) typical of most other organisms. The presence of the sn-3 acetyl group imparts acTAGs with different physical and chemical properties, such as a 30% reduction in viscosity, compared to lcTAGs. Comparative transcriptome analysis of developing endosperm and aril tissues using pyrosequencing technology was performed to isolate the enzyme necessary for the synthesis of acTAGs. An uncharacterized membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) family member was the most abundant acyltransferase in the endosperm but was absent from the aril. Expression of this MBOAT in yeast resulted in the accumulation of acTAGs but not lcTAG; hence, the enzyme was named EaDAcT (Euonymus alatus diacylglycerol acetyltransferase). Yeast microsomes expressing EaDAcT possessed acetyl-CoA diacylglycerol acetyltransferase activity but lacked long-chain acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity. Expression of EaDAcT under the control of a strong, seed-specific promoter in Arabidopsis resulted in the accumulation of acTAGs, up to 40 mol % of total TAG in the seed oil. These results demonstrate the utility of deep transcriptional profiling with multiple tissues as a gene discovery strategy for low-abundance proteins. They also show that EaDAcT is the acetyltransferase necessary and sufficient for the production of acTAGs in Euonymus seeds, and that this activity can be introduced into the seeds of other plants, allowing the evaluation of these unusual TAGs for biofuel and other applications.
Beyond the Campus

Studies of college rape victims have found that many are unacknowledged; that is, they do not label their experience rape. The current study investigated factors associated with unacknowledged rape among low-income women. Out of a sample of 1,033 women, 167 reported having experienced rape. Unacknowledged victims, relative to acknowledged victims, reported less violent assaults and more alcohol use before the assault and were more likely to have been assaulted by a romantic partner. Unacknowledged victims also disclosed less often and reported fewer feelings of stigma. Implications of the work for future studies of unacknowledged rape are discussed.
Comparison of the structures of globins and phycocyanins: Evidence for evolutionary relationship

Globins and phycocyanins are two classes of proteins with different function, different ligands, and no substantial sequence similarity, yet the conformations of their polypeptide chains show very similar folding patterns. Does this arise from a genuine, albeit very distant, evolutionary relationship, or does it represent a common solution of a structural problem? We address this question by a very detailed comparison of the structures of the two protein families. An analysis of the helices and their interactions shows many features common to globins and phycocyanins, including some exceptional features of the globins such as a 3–10 C helix and the unusual “crossed‐ridge” packing pattern at the B/E helix interfaces. We conclude that the evidence supports the hypothesis of distant evolutionary relationship between globins and phycocyanins.
Global intron retention mediated gene regulation during CD4+ T cell activation

T cell activation is a well-established model for studying cellular responses to exogenous stimulation. Using strand-specific RNA-seq, we observed that intron retention is prevalent in polyadenylated transcripts in resting CD4+ T cells and is significantly reduced upon T cell activation. Several lines of evidence suggest that intron-retained transcripts are less stable than fully spliced transcripts. Strikingly, the decrease in intron retention (IR) levels correlate with the increase in steady-state mRNA levels. Further, the majority of the genes upregulated in activated T cells are accompanied by a significant reduction in IR. Of these 1583 genes, 185 genes are predominantly regulated at the IR level, and highly enriched in the proteasome pathway, which is essential for proper T cell proliferation and cytokine release. These observations were corroborated in both human and mouse CD4+ T cells. Our study revealed a novel post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that may potentially contribute to coordinated and/or quick cellular responses to extracellular stimuli such as an acute infection.
Web retrieval systems and the Greek language: do they have an understanding?

Searching the web is a common activity of web users. English and non-English speakers utilize international or local search engines so as to satisfy their information needs. Most of the attempts at evaluation of search engines focus on English queries and on English document collections. In this paper an evaluation methodology is presented and the capabilities of international and local web retrieval systems using Greek queries are evaluated based on this method. We aim at identifying difficulties and knowledge requirements when using a Greek supporting search engine. The importance of interface localization and the effects of standard information retrieval techniques such as case insensitivity, stopword removal and simple stemming are studied in international and local search engines. The evaluation methodology is applicable to other non-English natural languages as well.
The Role of Mutation Rate Variation and Genetic Diversity in the Architecture of Human Disease

Background We have investigated the role that the mutation rate and the structure of genetic variation at a locus play in determining whether a gene is involved in disease. We predict that the mutation rate and its genetic diversity should be higher in genes associated with disease, unless all genes that could cause disease have already been identified. Results Consistent with our predictions we find that genes associated with Mendelian and complex disease are substantially longer than non-disease genes. However, we find that both Mendelian and complex disease genes are found in regions of the genome with relatively low mutation rates, as inferred from intron divergence between humans and chimpanzees, and they are predicted to have similar rates of non-synonymous mutation as other genes. Finally, we find that disease genes are in regions of significantly elevated genetic diversity, even when variation in the rate of mutation is controlled for. The effect is small nevertheless. Conclusions Our results suggest that gene length contributes to whether a gene is associated with disease. However, the mutation rate and the genetic architecture of the locus appear to play only a minor role in determining whether a gene is associated with disease.
LOCALIZED BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER TRANSPORT OF SERUM INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I INTO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 1

Upon entry into the central nervous system (CNS), serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) modulates neuronal growth, survival and excitability. Yet mechanisms that trigger IGF-I entry across the blood-brain barrier remain unclear. We show that neuronal activity elicited by electrical, sensory or behavioral stimulation increases IGF-I input in activated regions. Entrance of serum IGF-I is triggered by diffusible messengers (i.e. ATP, arachidonic acid derivatives) released during neuro-vascular coupling. These messengers stimulate matrix metalloproteinase-9, leading to cleavage of the IGF binding protein-3 *Manuscript Click here to view linked References 2 (IGFBP-3). Cleavage of IGFBP-3 allows the passage of serum IGF-I into the CNS through an interaction with the endothelial transporter lipoprotein related receptor 1. Activity-dependent entrance of serum IGF-I into the CNS may help to explain disparate observations such as pro-neurogenic effects of epilepsy, rehabilitatory effects of neural stimulation and modulatory effects of blood flow on brain activity.
Miniaturization techniques for logarithmically periodic planar-antennas

For wideband data transmission, logarithmically periodic antenna modules may be used, featuring polarization invariant transmission characteristics for the suppression of multipath conditioned polarization fading. To obtain compact antenna sizes, adequate miniaturization procedures can be taken into account, so that a reduction of the lower operating critical frequencies can be achieved under adherence to the corresponding polarization purity. Thus broadband polarization diversity antennas of compact design can be realized, which are very well suited for the employment in the field of mobile data communications.
Finger Braille Recognition System

The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan estimates that there are nearly 22,000 deafblind people in Japan (2006). Communication is one of their largest barriers to independent living and participation. Deafblind people use many different communication media, depending on the age of onset of deafness and blindness and the available resources. “Yubi-Tenji” (Finger Braille) is one of the tactual communication media utilized by deafblind individuals (see Fig. 1). In two-handed Finger Braille, the sender’s index finger, middle finger and ring finger of both hands function like the keys of a Braille typewriter. The sender dots Braille code on the fingers of the receiver. The receiver is assumed to recognize the Braille code. In one-handed Finger Braille, the sender dots the left part of Braille code on the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints of the three fingers of the receiver, and then the sender dots the right part of Braille code on the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. Deafblind people who are skilled in Finger Braille can communicate words and express various emotions because of the prosody (intonation) of Finger Braille (Fukushima, 1997). Because there is such a small number of non-disabled people who are skilled in Finger Braille, deafblind people communicate only through an interpreter. Thus, the participation of deafblind people is greatly restricted.
Ieee Transactions on Software Engineering 1 Automated Api Property Inference Techniques

—Frameworks and libraries offer reusable and customizable functionality through Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Correctly using large and sophisticated APIs can represent a challenge due to hidden assumptions and requirements. Numerous approaches have been developed to infer properties of APIs, intended to guide their use by developers. With each approach come new definitions of API properties, new techniques for inferring these properties, and new ways to assess their correctness and usefulness. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of over a decade of research on automated property inference for APIs. Our survey provides a synthesis of this complex technical field along different dimensions of analysis: properties inferred, mining techniques, and empirical results. In particular, we derive a classification and organization of over 60 techniques into five different categories based on the type of API property inferred: unordered usage patterns, sequential usage patterns, behavioral specifications, migration mappings, and general information.
Youla Coding and Computation of Gaussian Feedback Capacity

In this paper, we propose an approach to numerically compute the feedback capacity of stationary finite-dimensional (FD) Gaussian channels and construct (arbitrarily close to) capacity-achieving feedback codes. In particular, we first extend the interpretation of feedback communication over stationary FD Gaussian channels as feedback control systems. We show that the problem of finding stabilizing feedback controllers with maximal reliable transmission rate over Youla parameters coincides with the problem of finding strictly causal filters to achieve feedback capacity. This extended interpretation provides an approach to construct deterministic feedback coding schemes with double exponential decaying error probability. We next propose asymptotic capacity-achieving upper bounds, which can be numerically evaluated by solving FD convex optimizations. From the filters that achieve the upper bounds, we apply the Youla-based interpretation to construct feasible filters, i.e., feedback codes, leading to a sequence of lower bounds. We prove that the sequence of lower bounds is asymptotically capacity achieving.
X-ray diffraction of high nitrogen face centred cubic phase formed on nitrogen modified austenitic stainless steel

Abstract High nitrogen face centred cubic phase formed on the nitrogen modified Fe–Cr–Ni austenitic stainless steel, which is named by γN phase, has a combined wear and corrosion resistance. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the γN phase on the stainless steel depict a set of broad and asymmetry diffraction peaks with a peak shift to low Bragg angles and a decrease in intensity, even disappearing of some peaks of high index planes, from each austenite peak for the γ matrix. The peak shift of the XRD patterns was first explained by Warren's XRD theory by Blawert et al. (Surf. Coat. Technol., 2001, 136, 181). In this paper, a systematic study of XRD on the peak shift, peak asymmetry, peak broadening and peak intensity of the γN phase has been carried out, based on a fault induced scattering geometry in diffraction to imperfect crystals by Warren's theory and Wagner's method. Both the higher deformation faults density α in a range of 0·02–0·25 and the lower twin faults density β of 0·01–0·1 were successfully used to describe the line profiles in the XRD patterns of the γN phase formed on plasma source ion nitrided 1Cr18Ni9Ti (18-8 type) austenitic stainless steel. A novel stacking faults factor Sαβ dependent on α and β described, in good agreement, the peak intensity of the γN phase. The calculated XRD patterns of the γN phase using the imperfect crystals model of a face centred cubic phase with a higher deformation faults density and a lower twin faults density were associated with the experimentally structural characteristics.
Smoke from traditional commercial, harm reduction and research brand cigarettes impairs oviductal functioning in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) in vitro.

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke from 2R1 research brand cigarettes and specific toxicants in smoke inhibit oviductal functioning. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that smoke from commercial cigarettes, including harm reduction cigarettes, inhibits oviductal functioning and to measure the concentration of previously identified toxicants in smoke from research and commercial cigarettes. METHODS Mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) smoke solutions from two research, six traditional commercial and three harm reduction brands were tested in vitro using an oviductal assay that measures ciliary beat frequency, oocyte retrieval rate and smooth muscle contraction. RESULTS Generally, smoke from each brand of cigarette was inhibitory in the three oviductal bioassays. SS, the major component of environmental tobacco smoke, was usually more inhibitory than MS, the smoke inhaled by active smokers. Nine cigarette toxicants, previously shown to be highly inhibitory in the oviductal bioassays, were quantified in MS and SS. 4-Methylpyridine, which was inhibitory by itself in picomolar doses, was present in the highest concentration in MS and SS solutions from all brands tested. In general, toxicant concentrations were higher in SS than in MS solutions. CONCLUSIONS These data show that commercial brands of cigarettes, including harm reduction cigarettes, contain toxicants that inhibit biological processes in the oviduct and could affect reproductive outcomes.
.‫املقالة‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫الكامل‬ ‫النص‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الخالصة‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫الرتجمة‬

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of safety and efficacy of combined praziquantel and artemether treatment for acute schistosomiasis japonica in China Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combining artemether (AM) and praziquantel (PZQ) in different regimens for treating acute schistosomiasis japonica. Methods We undertook a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial within four specialized schistosomiasis hospitals in the Dongting Lake region, Hunan province, China, between May 2003 and December 2005. Study participants were randomized into one of four treatment regimes: group A received 60 mg/kg PZQ + 6 mg/kg AM; group B received 60 mg/kg PZQ + AM placebo; group C received 120 mg/kg PZQ + 6 mg/kg AM; and group D received 120 mg/kg PZQ + AM placebo. All participants were followed up over a 45-day period. The primary endpoint of the trial was human infection status (determined by positive stool examination). Secondary endpoints involved clinical observations and blood biochemistry, including monitoring haemoglobin and alanine aminotransferase levels over time. Findings Treatment efficacies of the four different treatment regimens were 98.0%, 96.4%, 97.7% and 95.7% for group A, B, C, and D respectively (P > 0.05). The group B had a greater treatment efficacy (96.4%) than the group D (95.7%) (P > 0.05). Group A treatment was better for clearance of fever (P < 0.05) and resulted in a shorter hospitalization time (P < 0.05). Conclusion This is the first report of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for evaluating combined chemotherapy with AM and two different dosages (60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg) of PZQ in the treatment of acute schistosomiasis japonica in China. The combination of AM and PZQ chemotherapy did not improve treatment efficacy compared with PZQ alone. PZQ given as a dosage of 60 mg/kg (1 day, 3 × 20 mg/kg doses at 4–5 hour intervals) may be as effective as a dosage of 120 mg/kg (6 days, 20 mg/kg for each day split into 3 doses at 4–5 hour intervals). Une traduction en français de ce résumé figure à la fin de l'article. Al final del artículo se facilita una traducción al español.
Using DNA Barcoding to Assess Caribbean Reef Fish Biodiversity: Expanding Taxonomic and Geographic Coverage

This paper represents a DNA barcode data release for 3,400 specimens representing 521 species of fishes from 6 areas across the Caribbean and western central Atlantic regions (FAO Region 31). Merged with our prior published data, the combined efforts result in 3,964 specimens representing 572 species of marine fishes and constitute one of the most comprehensive DNA barcoding “coverages” for a region reported to date. The barcode data are providing new insights into Caribbean shorefish diversity, allowing for more and more accurate DNA-based identifications of larvae, juveniles, and unknown specimens. Examples are given correcting previous work that was erroneous due to database incompleteness.
Theoretical basis for the measurement of local transverse dispersion in isotropic porous media

Spreading of a conservative solute in potential flow in a helical porous medium is dominated by the radial velocity distribution within the domain. Higher velocities at the inside of the helix compared to the outside leads to spreading that is balanced by transverse pore‐scale dispersion. The angular moments of the concentration distribution exhibit the typical behavior of Taylor‐Aris dispersion in which the rate of change of the second central moment is inversely proportional to pore‐scale transverse dispersion. We present numerical results for the angular moments over the entire time range and derive analytical expressions for the angular macrodispersion coefficient at the large time limit. We propose a method in which macrodispersion is measured in a helix filled with the porous material of interest in order to infer pore‐scale transverse dispersivity values that are difficult to determine with existing methods.
Charnley total hip arthroplasty with cement. Fifteen-year results.

The results of the first 333 Charnley total hip arthroplasties that were performed with cement at the Mayo Clinic were reviewed a minimum of fifteen years postoperatively. Data were available for 166 of 170 hips of patients who were still alive. One hundred and thirty patients died, and thirty-seven hips were revised. At the time of this study, 80 per cent of the living patients had no pain, and 152 of the 160 hips remained much better than before the operation. Kaplan-Meier analysis of probable loosening of one or both components, on the basis of roentgenographic evidence, demonstrated a probability of loosening of 3 per cent incidence at one year after operation, 13 per cent at five years, 19 per cent at ten years, and 32 per cent at fifteen years. The probability of failure (that is, revision or symptomatic loosening) was 0.9 per cent at one year, 4.1 per cent at five years, 8.9 per cent at ten years, and 12.7 per cent at fifteen years. We did not identify a dramatic increase in the incidence of loosening or failure at any of the follow-up periods (one, five, ten, or fifteen years). With the Mayo Clinic clinical and roentgenographic system for scoring the hips, we found that ninety-seven hips had a good or excellent result; fifteen, a fair result; and thirteen, a poor result. (The scoring could not be completed for forty-one hips). The functional results deteriorated slightly over time. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Glycolytic Oscillations and Limits on Robust Efficiency

clicking here. colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here. following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ): July 7, 2011 www.sciencemag. org (this infomation is current as of The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag. org/content/333/6039/187.full. html version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org/content/suppl/2011/07/06/333.6039. 187.DC1. html can be found at: Supporting Online Material http://www.sciencemag. org/content/333/6039/187.full. html#ref-list-1 , 5 of which can be accessed free: cites 22 articles This article http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/chemistry Chemistry http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/biochem Biochemistry subject collections: This article appears in the following
Restoration of Elbow Flexion in Brachial Plexus Injury by Transfer of Ulnar Nerve Fascicles to the Nerve to the Biceps Muscle

In recent times, surgical treatment of brachial plexus injuries no longer needs to be justified and is, in fact, recommended. The primary aim of surgery in supraclavicular brachial plexus palsies is restoration of elbow flexion. In complete palsies, nerve reconstruction consists of connecting ruptured roots in the neck with suitable target nerves by nerve grafting or nerve transfers from outside the brachial plexus. In cases of upper-arm palsy involving loss of shoulder function and the flexion of the elbow, the C5 and C6 roots are often found avulsed from the medulla, and this precludes nerve grafting. In such cases, conventional surgery involved palliative procedures such as a Steindler flexorplasty combined with arthrodesis of the shoulder or nerve transfers to suprascapular (spinal accessory nerve) and musculocutaneous (intercostal nerves) nerves. The transfer of some fascicles from the intact ulnar nerve to the nerve to the biceps is a new technique supported by several hypotheses: