Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localization of Cells of the Prospective Neural Plate, Heart and Somites within the Primitive Streak and Epiblast of Avian Embryos at Intermediate Primitive-Streak Stages

By constructing avian transplantation chimeras using fluorescently-labeled grafts and antibodies specific for grafted cells, we have generated a prospective fate map of the primitive streak and epiblast of the avian blastoderm at intermediate primitive-streak stages (stages 3a/3b). This high-resolution map confirms our previous study on the origin of the cardiovascular system from the primitive streak at these stages and provides new information on the epiblast origin of the neural plate, heart and somites. In addition, the origin of the rostral endoderm is now documented in more detail. The map shows that the prospective neural plate arises from the epiblast in close association with the rostral end of the primitive streak and lies within an area extending 250 µm rostral to the streak, 250 µm lateral to the streak and 125 µm caudal to the rostral border of the streak. The future floor plate of the neural tube arises within the midline just rostral to the streak, confirming our earlier study, but unlike at the late-primitive streak stages when both Hensen’s node and the midline area rostral to Hensen’s node contribute to the floor plate, only the area rostral to the primitive streak contributes to the floor plate at intermediate primitive-streak stages. Instead of contributing to the floor plate of the neural tube, the rostral end of the primitive streak at intermediate primitive-streak stages forms the notochord as well as the rostromedial endoderm, which lies beneath the prechordal plate mesoderm and extends caudolaterally on each side toward the cardiogenic areas. The epiblast lateral to the primitive streak and caudal to the neural plate contributes to the heart and it does so in rostrocaudal sequence (i.e., rostral grafts contribute to rostral levels of the straight heart tube, whereas progressively more caudal grafts contribute to progressively more caudal levels of the straight heart tube), and individual epiblast grafts contribute cells to both the myocardium and endocardium. The prospective somites (i.e., paraxial mesoderm) lie within the epiblast just lateral to the prospective heart mesoderm. Comparing this map with that constructed at late primitive-streak stages reveals that by the late primitive-streak stages, prospective heart mesoderm has moved from the epiblast through the primitive streak and into the mesodermal mantle, and that some of the prospective somitic mesoderm has entered the primitive streak and is undergoing ingression.
Cilostazol attenuates intimal hyperplasia in a mouse model of chronic kidney disease

Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is a common cause of vasculopathy due to direct endothelial damage (such as post-coronary revascularization) or indirect injury (such as chronic kidney disease, or CKD). Although the attenuation of coronary revascularization-induced IH (direct-vascular-injury-induced IH) by cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, has been demonstrated, our understanding of the effect on CKD-induced IH (indirect-vascular-injury-induced IH) is limited. Herein, we tested if cilostazol attenuated CKD-induced IH in a mouse model of ischemic-reperfusion injury with unilateral nephrectomy (Chr I/R), a normotensive non-proteinuria CKD model. Cilostazol (50 mg/kg/day) or placebo was orally administered once daily from 1-week post-nephrectomy. At 20 weeks, cilostazol significantly attenuated aortic IH as demonstrated by a 34% reduction in the total intima area with 50% and 47% decreases in the ratios of tunica intima area/tunica media area and tunica intima area/(tunica intima + tunica media area), respectively. The diameters of aorta and renal function were unchanged by cilostazol. Interestingly, cilostazol decreased miR-221, but enhanced miR-143 and miR-145 in either in vitro or aortic tissue, as well as attenuated several pro-inflammatory mediators, including asymmetrical dimethylarginine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, vascular endothelial growth factor in aorta and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). We demonstrated a proof of concept of the effectiveness of cilostazol in attenuating IH in a Chr I/R mouse model, a CKD model with predominantly indirect-vascular-injury-induced IH. These considerations warrant further investigation to develop a new primary prevention strategy for CKD-related IH.
The Psychology of Persecutory Ideation II: A Virtual Reality Experimental Study

A cognitive model of persecutory delusions is used to predict the occurrence of nonclinical paranoid thoughts in a virtual reality environment. Scorers across the range of paranoia entered a virtual reality scene populated by five computer characters programmed to behave neutrally (N = 30). Many appraisals of the computer characters were positive or neutral. However, there were also persecutory thoughts about the characters. Providing evidence of the validity of the experimental method, persecutory ideation was predicted by higher trait paranoia and a greater sense of presence in the environment. The psychological variables from the cognitive model that predicted persecutory ideation were anxiety, timidity, and hallucinatory predisposition. Further, hallucinatory predisposition distinguished the prediction of paranoid thoughts from social anxiety in virtual reality. It is concluded that nonclinical paranoid thoughts are most closely associated with emotional disturbances and anomalous experiences. Extreme reasoning bias may particularly contribute to the development of clinical phenomena.
Associative Learning Disrupted by Impaired Gs Signaling in Drosophila Mushroom Bodies

Disruptions in mushroom body (MB) or central complex (CC) brain structures impair Drosophila associative olfactory learning. Perturbations in adenosine 3′,5′ monophosphate signaling also disrupt learning. To integrate these observations, expression of a constitutively activated stimulatory heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein α subunit (Gαs*) was targeted to these brain structures. The ability to associate odors with electroshock was abolished when Gαs* was targeted to MB, but not CC, structures, whereas sensorimotor responses to these stimuli remained normal. Expression of Gαs* did not affect gross MB morphology, and wild-type Gαs expression did not affect learning. Thus, olfactory learning depends on regulated Gs signaling in Drosophila MBs.
The impact of panic‐agoraphobic comorbidity on suicidality in hospitalized patients with major depression

Background: Previous research in outpatient samples suggests that panic and agoraphobic comorbidity is related to suicidality in outpatients with major depression. The purpose of the study was to further investigate this relationship specifically in a hospitalized sample. Method: This study examined the severity of current suicidal ideation and behaviors in a psychiatric hospital sample diagnosed with major depressive disorder alone (MDD; n=28) versus MDD plus panic‐agoraphobic spectrum disorders (MDD+PAS; n=69). Results: Members of the MDD+PAS group were significantly more likely to have had a suicide attempt history, higher current depression severity, and higher current suicidal severity compared with individuals in the MDD alone group. The relationship between the current suicidality and comorbid PAS remained significant after controlling for the overall depression severity and other clinical factors. Conclusions: These findings suggest that panic‐agoraphobic comorbidity is associated with a greater risk for suicidality in hospitalized patients, which cannot be adequately explained by the level of current depression alone. The clinical and research implications for these findings are discussed. Depression and Anxiety, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
X-Ray Fluctuations from Locally Unstable Advection-dominated Disks

The response of advection-dominated accretion disks to local disturbances is examined by one-dimensional numerical simulations. It is generally believed that advection-dominated disks are thermally stable. We, however, find that any disturbance added onto accretion flow at large radii does not decay so rapidly that it can move inward with roughly the free-fall velocity. Although disturbances continue to be present, the global disk structure will not be modified greatly. This can account for persistent hard X-ray emission with substantial variations observed in active galactic nuclei and stellar black hole candidates during the hard state. Moreover, when the disturbance reaches the innermost parts, an acoustic wave emerges, propagating outward as a shock wave. The resultant light variation is roughly (time) symmetric and is quite reminiscent of the observed X-ray shots of Cygnus X-1.
Tissue-Engineered Cartilage for Implantation and Grafting

Facial plastic and reconstructive surgeons are continually faced with the dilemma of what material to use for implantation and grafting. Tissue-engineered cartilage is a relatively new and exciting concept which utilizes chondrocytes and cultures them on a three-dimensional biodegradable template. This template/cell complex is first briefly incubated in vitro, then implanted into a recipient host. In situ the template resorbs and is replaced with new cartilage that is viable, compatible, and mature. This paper discusses the biochemical composition of cartilage, the concept of tissue engineering, advances in template quality, and cartilage immunogenicity. Future clinical applications of this type of graft research include microtia repair, facial reconstruction, rhinoplasty, and other facial cosmetic procedures.
Power Fluctuations of Intermodal Four-Wave Mixing in Few-Mode Fibers

We demonstrate the full bandwidth measurement of the intermodal four-wave mixing efficiency for a 4.7-km three-spatial-mode few-mode fiber. Large fluctuations of intermodal four-wave mixing between the LP<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{01}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and LP<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modes are experimentally observed. These fluctuations exhibit a strong wavelength dependence that can be persistent in time. The fluctuations are also shown to display some polarization dependence.
Critical-Path Analysis and Low-Complexity Implementation of the LMS Adaptive Algorithm

This paper presents a precise analysis of the critical path of the least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive filter for deriving its architectures for high-speed and low-complexity implementation. It is shown that the direct-form LMS adaptive filter has nearly the same critical path as its transpose-form counterpart, but provides much faster convergence and lower register complexity. From the critical-path evaluation, it is further shown that no pipelining is required for implementing a direct-form LMS adaptive filter for most practical cases, and can be realized with a very small adaptation delay in cases where a very high sampling rate is required. Based on these findings, this paper proposes three structures of the LMS adaptive filter: (i) Design 1 having no adaptation delays, (ii) Design 2 with only one adaptation delay, and (iii) Design 3 with two adaptation delays. Design 1 involves the minimum area and the minimum energy per sample (EPS). The best of existing direct-form structures requires 80.4% more area and 41.9% more EPS compared to Design 1. Designs 2 and 3 involve slightly more EPS than the Design 1 but offer nearly twice and thrice the MUF at a cost of 55.0% and 60.6% more area, respectively.
Metaphor graphics to visualize ICU data over time

The time-oriented analysis of electronic patient records at a (neonatal) intensive care unit is a tedious and time-consuming task. The vast amount of data available makes it hard for the physician to recognize the essential changes over time. VIE-VISU is a data visualization system which uses multiples to present the change in the patient’s status over time in graphic form. Metaphor graphics is used to sketch the parameters most relevant in characterizing the situation of a patient.
Grit or Honesty-Humility? New Insights into the Moderating Role of Personality between the Health Impairment Process and Counterproductive Work Behavior

It is acknowledged that chronic job demands may be depleting workers’ stamina resulting in burnout conditions and ultimately causing further health problems. This relation, known as health impairment process, has recently been considered as a possible explanation for the emergence of counterproductive work behavior (CWB). The present work aims to examine the role of two personality traits (i.e., Grit and Honesty-Humility) in this process. The results, based on a sample of 208 private service sector employees, confirm the presence of a fully mediated process and show how Honesty-Humility positively moderates the relationship between job demands and exhaustion, whereas Grit has a negative effect on the relation between exhaustion and CWB. Implications for assessment procedure and hiring decisions are discussed.
Frailty and the degradation of complex balance dynamics during a dual-task protocol.

BACKGROUND Balance during quiet stance involves the complex interactions of multiple postural control systems, which may degrade with frailty. The complexity of center of pressure (COP) dynamics, as quantified using multiscale entropy (MSE), during quiet standing is lower in older adults, especially those with falls. We hypothesized that COP dynamics from frail elderly individuals demonstrate less complexity than those from nonfrail elderly controls; complexity decreases when performing a dual task; and postural complexity during quiet standing is independent of other conventional correlates of balance control, such as age and vision. METHODS We analyzed data from a population-based study of community-dwelling older adults. Frailty phenotype (nonfrail, prefrail, or frail) was determined for 550 participants (age 77.9 +/- 5.5 years). COP excursions were quantified for 10 trials of 30 seconds each. Participants concurrently performed a serial subtraction task in half of the trials. Complexity of balance dynamics was quantified using MSE. Root-mean-square sway amplitude was also computed. RESULTS Of the 550, 38% were prefrail and 9% were frail. Complexity of the COP dynamics in the anteroposterior direction was lower in prefrail (8.78 +/- 1.91 [mean +/- SD]) and frail (8.38 +/- 2.13) versus nonfrail (9.20 +/- 1.74) groups (p < .001). Complexity reduced by a comparable amount in all three groups while performing the subtraction task (p < .001). Quiet standing complexity was independently associated with frailty after adjusting for covariates related to balance while sway amplitude was not. CONCLUSION Cognitive distractions during standing may further compromise balance control in frail individuals, leading to an increased risk of falls.
Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff in Multiantenna Multirelay Networks: Improvements and Some Optimality Results

This paper investigates the benefits of amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying in the setup of multiantenna wireless networks. For this purpose, random sequential (RS) relaying is studied. It is shown that random unitary matrix multiplication at the relay nodes empowers the RS scheme to achieve a better diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) as compared to the traditional AF relaying. First, the RS scheme is proved to achieve the optimum DMT for a multiantenna full-duplex single-relay two-hop network. Applying this result, a new achievable DMT is derived for the case of multiantenna half-duplex parallel relay network. Interestingly, it turns out that the DMT of the RS scheme is optimum for the case of multiantenna two parallel noninterfering half-duplex relays. Furthermore, random unitary matrix multiplication is shown to also improve the DMT of the nonorthogonal AF relaying scheme for the case of a multiantenna single relay channel. Finally, the general case of multiantenna full-duplex relay networks is studied. First, a new lower-bound is derived on its DMT using the RS scheme. Furthermore, maximum multiplexing gain of the network is also shown to be achievable by traditional amplify-forward relaying. The gain value is equal to the minimum vertex cut-set of the underlying graph of the network, which can be computed in polynomial time in terms of the number of network nodes.
Network Coding in Live Peer-to-Peer Streaming

In recent literature, network coding has emerged as a promising information theoretic approach to improve the performance of both peer-to-peer (P2P) and wireless networks. It has been widely accepted and acknowledged that network coding can theoretically improve network throughput of multicast sessions in directed acyclic graphs, achieving their cut-set capacity bounds. Recent studies have also supported the claim that network coding is beneficial for large-scale P2P content distribution, as it solves the problem of locating the last missing blocks to complete the download. We seek to perform a reality check of using network coding for P2P live multimedia streaming. We start with the following critical question: How helpful is network coding in P2P streaming? To address this question, we first implement the decoding process using Gauss-Jordan elimination, such that it can be performed while coded blocks are progressively received. We then implement a realistic testbed, called Lava, with actual network traffic to meticulously evaluate the benefits and tradeoffs involved in using network coding in P2P streaming. We present the architectural design challenges in implementing network coding for the purpose of streaming, along with a pull-based P2P live streaming protocol in our comparison studies. Our experimental results show that network coding makes it possible to perform streaming with a finer granularity, which reduces the redundancy of bandwidth usage, improves resilience to network dynamics, and is most instrumental when the bandwidth supply barely meets the streaming demand.
Different Patterns of Bundle-Branch Blocks and the Risk of Incident Heart Failure in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Study

Background—We evaluated the risk of incident heart failure (HF) associated with bundle-branch blocks (BBBs) in postmenopausal women. Methods and Results—Cox’s regression was used to evaluate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for HF among 65 975 participants of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study during an average follow-up of 14 years. BBBs observed in 1676 women at baseline were categorized into left, right, and indetermined-type BBBs (LBBB, RBBB, and intraventricular conduction defect, respectively). Compared with women with no BBB, LBBB, and intraventricular conduction defect were strong predictors of incident HF in multivariable-adjusted risk models (hazard ratio, 3.79; confidence interval, 2.95–4.87 for LBBB and hazard ratio, 3.53; confidence interval, 2.14–5.81 for intraventricular conduction defect). RBBB was not a significant predictor of incident HF in multivariable-adjusted risk model, but the combination of RBBB and left anterior fascicular block was a strong predictor (hazard ratio, 2.96; confidence interval, 1.77–4.93). QRS duration was an independent predictor of incident HF only in LBBB, with more pronounced risk at QRS ≥140 ms than at <140 ms. QRS nondipolar voltage (RNDPV) was an independent predictor in both RBBB and LBBB and, in addition, in LBBB, QRS/STT angle and ST J-point depression in aVL were independent predictors. Conclusions—LBBB, intraventricular conduction defect, and RBBB combined with left anterior fascicular block are strong predictors of incident HF in multivariable-adjusted risk models, but RBBB is not a significant predictor. QRS duration ≥140 ms may warrant consideration in LBBB as an indication for further diagnostic evaluation for possible therapeutic and preventive action. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00000611.
Influence of niche similarity on hybridization between Myriophyllum sibiricum and M. spicatum

The impact of ecological factors on natural hybridization is of widespread interest. Here, we asked whether climate niche influences hybridization between the two closely related plant species Myriophyllum sibiricum and M. spicatum. Eight microsatellite loci and two chloroplast fragments were used to investigate the occurrence of hybridization between these two species in two co‐occurring regions: north‐east China (NEC) and the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP). The climate niches of the species were quantified by principal component analysis with bioclimatic data, and niche comparisons were performed between the two species in each region. Reciprocal hybridization was observed, and M. sibiricum was favoured as the maternal species. Furthermore, hybrids were rare in NEC but common in the QTP. Accordingly, in NEC, the two species were climatically distinct, and hybrids only occurred in the narrow geographical or ecological transition zone, whereas in the QTP, obvious niche overlaps were found for the two species, and hybrids occurred in multiple contact zones. This association between hybridization pattern and climate niche similarity suggests that the level of hybridization was promoted by niche overlap. Compared with the parental species, similar climate niches were found for the hybrid populations in the QTP, indicating that other environmental factors rather than climate were important for hybrid persistence. Our findings highlight the significance of climate niche with respect to hybridization patterns in plants.
Feeling bumps and holes without a haptic interface: the perception of pseudo-haptic textures

We present a new interaction technique to simulate textures in desktop applications without a haptic interface. The proposed technique consists in modifying the motion of the cursor on the computer screen - i.e. the Control/Display ratio. Assuming that the image displayed on the screen corresponds to a top view of the texture, an acceleration (or deceleration) of the cursor indicates a negative (or positive) slope of the texture. Experimental evaluations showed that participants could successfully identify macroscopic textures such as bumps and holes, by simply using the variations of the motion of the cursor. Furthermore, the participants were able to draw the different profiles of bumps and holes which were simulated, correctly. These results suggest that our technique enabled the participants to successfully conjure a mental image of the topography of the macroscopic textures. Applications for this technique are: the feeling of images (pictures, drawings) or GUI components (windows' edges, buttons), the improvement of navigation, or the visualization of scientific data.
A ID-Based Deniable Authentication Protocol on pairings

Tel: 886+(0)5-2721001 ext.2017 Abstract Recently, Yoon et al. and Cao et al. propose two deniable authentication protocols respectively. They both claim that their protocols can achieve the deniable property. However, in this paper, we will point out that their protocols each suffers from some malicious attacks. After that, we propose a new identity-based deniable authentication protocol on pairings which can not only attain the desired deniable property but also can prevent attacks.
Inducing Temporal Graphs

We consider the problem of constructing a directed acyclic graph that encodes temporal relations found in a text. The unit of our analysis is a temporal segment, a fragment of text that maintains temporal coherence. The strength of our approach lies in its ability to simultaneously optimize pairwise ordering preferences and global constraints on the graph topology. Our learning method achieves 83% F-measure in temporal segmentation and 84% accuracy in inferring temporal relations between two segments.