Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationships among innovativeness, attitudes, and barriers regarding the use of instructional media as perceived by teacher educators in arts education programs at Taiwan teachers colleges

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TLR3 Agonist Poly-IC Induces IL-33 and Promotes Myelin Repair

Background Impaired remyelination of demyelinated axons is a major cause of neurological disability. In inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), although remyelination does happen, it is often incomplete, resulting in poor clinical recovery. Poly-IC a known TLR3 agonist and IL-33, a cytokine which is induced by poly-IC are known to influence recovery and promote repair in experimental models of CNS demyelination. Methodology and Principal Findings We examined the effect of addition of poly-IC and IL-33 on the differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) cultured in vitro. Both Poly-IC and IL-33 induced transcription of myelin genes and the differentiation of OPC to mature myelin forming cells. Poly-IC induced IL-33 in OPC and addition of IL-33 to in vitro cultures, amplified further, IL-33 expression suggesting an autocrine regulation of IL-33. Poly-IC and IL-33 also induced phosphorylation of p38MAPK, a signaling molecule involved in myelination. Following the induction of gliotoxic injury with lysolecithin to the corpus callosum (CC), treatment of animals with poly-IC resulted in greater recruitment of OPC and increased staining for myelin in areas of demyelination. Also, poly-IC treated animals showed greater expression of IL-33 and higher expression of M2 phenotype macrophages in the CC. Conclusion/Significance Our studies suggest that poly-IC and IL-33 play a role in myelin repair by enhancing expression of myelin genes and are therefore attractive therapeutic agents for use as remyelinating agents in human demyelinating disease.
The influence of trade union disability champions on employer disability policy and practice

Disability Champions are a new type of lay workplace trade union activist, whose role is to encourage employers to audit and improve disability policies and offer independent advice and guidance on disability issues to employees. Drawing on a survey of the population of Disability Champions, this article assesses Disability Champion influence on employer disability policy and practice. While the majority of Disability Champions report having had a positive impact, they report greater influence on employer willingness to conduct disability audits and to amend and improve employer equal opportunities practices with regard to disability than employer willingness to make reasonable adjustments. The analysis also identifies several factors that are likely to be important in improving Disability Champion effectiveness. Overall, the results suggest Disability Champions have the potential to enhance the ability of unions to represent disabled people and help manage disability issues within the workplace. The article makes a theoretical contribution to Disability Champion roles by further developing the ‘Activity-Support-Characteristic’ framework for the antecedents of new union representatives' effectiveness.
Genetic variation and structure in native populations of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta: evolutionary and demographic implications

We studied population genetic variation and structure in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta using nuclear genotypic and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data obtained from samples collected throughout its native range. Geographic populations are strongly differentiated at both genomes, with such structure more pronounced in Brazil than in Argentina. Higher-level regional structure is evident from the occurrence of isolation-by-distance patterns among populations, the recognition of clusters of genetically similar, geographically adjacent populations by ordination analysis, and the detection of an mtDNA discontinuity between Argentina and Brazil coinciding with a previously identified landform of biogeographical relevance. Multiple lines of evidence from both genomes suggest that the ancestors of the ants we studied resembled extant northern Argentine S. invicta, and that existing Brazilian populations were established more recently by serial long-distance colonizations and/or range expansions. The most compelling evidence for this is the corresponding increase in FK (a measure of divergence from a hypothetical ancestor) and decrease in genetic diversity with distance from the Corrientes population in northern Argentina. Relatively deep sequence divergence among several mtDNA clades, coupled with geographical partitioning of many of them, suggests prolonged occupation of South America by S. invicta in more-or-less isolated regional populations. Such populations appear, in some cases, to have come into secondary contact without regaining the capacity to freely interbreed. We conclude that nominal S. invicta in its native range comprises multiple entities that are sufficiently genetically isolated and diverged to have embarked on independent evolutionary paths. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 541–560.
PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP INTEGRITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN

ABSTRAK Laporan keuangan yang baik adalah laporan keuangan yang memiliki integritas atas informasi yang dikandung. Intergritas laporan keuangan adalah sejauh mana laporan keuangan menyajikan informasi keuangan secara wajar, jujur dan tidak bias. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh corporate governance, ukuran perusahaan dan leverage terhadap integritas laporan keuangan yang diukur dengan indeks konservatisme. Sampel penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2009-2012, yang ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling . Metode statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme corporate governance , yaitu komisaris independen, komite audit berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, namun kepemilikan instutusional tidak signifikan terhadap integritas laporan keungan. Sementara itu, ukuran perusahaan dan leverage berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap integritas laporan keuangan. Kata kunci: Integritas Laporan Keuangan, Corporate Governance, Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage
Importance of T Cells, Gamma Interferon, and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Immune Control of the Rapid Grower Mycobacterium abscessus in C57BL/6 Mice

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging rapidly growing mycobacterium that causes tuberculous-like lesions in humans. We studied the immune control of this organism in C57BL/6 mice challenged intravenously with 107 CFU. Bacteria were eliminated from both the spleen and the liver within 90 days, and liver histology showed organized granulomatous lesions. A T- and B-cell requirement was investigated by challenging Rag2−/−, Cd3ε−/−, and μMT−/− mice. Rag2−/− and Cd3ε−/− mice were significantly impaired in the ability to clear M. abscessus from the liver and spleen, and μMT−/− mice were significantly impaired in the ability to clear M. abscessus from the liver, suggesting that infection control was primarily T cell dependent in the spleen and both T and B cell dependent in the liver. The liver granulomatous response was similar to that of wild-type controls in μMT−/− mice but completely absent in Cd3ε−/− and Rag2−/− mice. We studied the involvement of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by challenging C57BL/6 mice deficient in the IFN-γ receptor (Ifngr1−/−) and in TNF (Tnf−/−). Ifngr1−/− mice were significantly impaired in M. abscessus control both in the spleen and in the liver, and granulomas were profoundly altered. The effect was even more substantial in Tnf−/− mice; they failed to control M. abscessus infection in the liver and died within 20 to 25 days after infection with many hepatic inflammatory foci and major lesions of ischemic necrosis in the liver and kidney. These features were not observed with the closely related species M. chelonae. T-cell immunity, IFN-γ, and TNF are central factors for the control of M. abscessus in C57BL/6 mice, as they are for the control of pathogenic slowly growing mycobacteria.
Prediction of the Number of Activated Genes in Multiple Independent Cd+2- and As+3-Induced Malignant Transformations of Human Urothelial Cells (UROtsa)

Background Many toxic environmental agents such as cadmium and arsenic are found to be epidemiologically linked to increasing rates of cancers. In vitro studies show that these toxic agents induced malignant transformation in human cells. It is not clear whether such malignant transformation induced by a single toxic agent is driven by a common set of genes. Although the advancement of high-throughput technology has facilitated the profiling of global gene expression, it remains a question whether the sample size is sufficient to identify this common driver gene set. Results We have developed a statistical method, SOFLR, to predict the number of common activated genes using a limited number of microarray samples. We conducted two case studies, cadmium and arsenic transformed human urothelial cells. Our method is able to precisely predict the number of stably induced and repressed genes and the number of samples to identify the common activated genes. The number of independent transformed isolates required for identifying the common activated genes is also estimated. The simulation study further validated our method and identified the important parameters in this analysis. Conclusions Our method predicts the degree of similarity and diversity during cell malignant transformation by a single toxic agent. The results of our case studies imply the existence of common driver and passenger gene sets in toxin-induced transformation. Using a pilot study with small sample size, this method also helps microarray experimental design by determining the number of samples required to identify the common activated gene set.
Perspective on the Use of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Organisms as a Source of New Antithrombotic Drugs

Thromboembolic diseases are increasing worldwide and always require anticoagulant therapy. We still need safer and more secure antithrombotic drugs than those presently available. Sulfated polysaccharides from marine organisms may constitute a new source for the development of such drugs. Investigation of these compounds usually attempts to reproduce the therapeutic effects of heparin. However, we may need to follow different routes, focusing particularly in the following aspects: (1) defining precisely the specific structures required for interaction of these sulfated polysaccharides with proteins of the coagulation system; (2) looking for alternative mechanisms of action, distinct from those of heparin; (3) identifying side effects (mostly pro-coagulant action and hypotension rather than bleeding) and preparing derivatives that retain the desired antithrombotic action but are devoid of side effects; (4) considering that sulfated polysaccharides with low anticoagulant action on in vitro assays may display potent effects on animal models of experimental thrombosis; and finally (5) investigating the antithrombotic effect of these sulfated polysaccharides after oral administration or preparing derivatives that may achieve this effect. If these aspects are successfully addressed, sulfated polysaccharides from marine organisms may conquer the frontier of antithrombotic therapy and open new avenues for treatment or prevention of thromboembolic diseases.
Using interpretive structural modeling to uncover shared mental models in IS research

The role of grounded approaches has been advocated for long in IS research. However, the inherent subjectivity of such approaches and the apparent lack of a basis to validate or even replicate such research has often been the subject of debate among IS researchers. As a result, many IS researchers tend to fall back on variance-theoretic approaches to conceptualize, design and operationalize their research. In this paper, we show how a grounded approach, interpretive structural modeling (ISM), can be used to qualitatively elicit individual cognitive structures. Further, we show how it can be applied to derive the shared aspects of such a structure across many individuals. We use the well-known technology acceptance model (TAM) to demonstrate the utility of our approach. We conclude the paper by discussing the strengths and weaknesses of this approach.
Connexin43 knockdown or overexpression modulates cell coupling in control and failing rabbit left ventricular myocytes.

AIMS We have shown that failing human and rabbit left ventricle (LV) exhibits downregulation and dephosphorylation of connexin43 (Cx43) and that Cx43 dephosphorylation in heart failure (HF) contributes to reduced cell coupling. However, the role of Cx43 downregulation per se in impaired coupling in HF is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS First, we used adenovirus (Ad) encoding a Cx43 siRNA sequence to knock down Cx43 protein levels in cultured control rabbit LV myocytes. Cells cultured for up to 48 h with intermittent pacing maintained Cx43 protein levels and phosphorylation status. Cell coupling in Cx43 knockdown myocyte pairs (by Lucifer Yellow dye transfer) was markedly reduced after 24 h infection (associated with approximately 40% Cx43 knockdown) and after 48 h (associated with approximately 70% Cx43 knockdown). The phosphorylation status, distribution of remaining Cx43 proteins, and levels of other cardiac connexins (Cx40 and Cx45) were unchanged. Second, we overexpressed Cx43 to levels comparable to control using an adenovirus encoding wild-type Cx43 (Cx43WT) gene in isolated LV myocytes from our arrhythmogenic HF rabbit model. We found 87% more Cx43WT proteins improved dye coupling [vs. Ad-beta-galactosidase (LacZ) infected HF controls]. Overexpressed Cx43 protein was located throughout the myocyte membrane (same pattern as in controls), and the phosphorylation status of Cx43 remained comparable to that in AdLacZ infected HF controls. CONCLUSION In addition to Cx43 dephosphorylation, downregulation of Cx43 plays an essential role in reduced cell coupling in the failing rabbit heart. Modulation of Cx43 expression could be a novel therapeutic approach to improve conduction and decrease sudden death in HF.
Studies in political humour : in between political critique and public entertainment

1. Acknowledgements 2. List of tables and figures 3. Chapter 1. Humour in politics and the politics of humour: An introduction (by Tsakona, Villy) 4. Part I. Humour by politicians 5. Chapter 2. Fun in the German parliament? (by Muller, Ralph) 6. Chapter 3. Informal talk in formal settings: Humorous narratives in Greek parliamentary debates (by Archakis, Argiris) 7. Chapter 4. "Stop caressing the ears of the hooded": Political humour in times of conflict (by Georgalidou, Marianthi) 8. Chapter 5. Entertaining and enraging: The functions of verbal violence in broadcast political debates (by Dynel, Marta) 9. Part II. Political humour in the media 10. Chapter 6. Political satire dies last: A study on democracy, opinion formation, and political satire (by Popa, Diana Elena) 11. Chapter 7. Being Berlusconi: Sabina Guzzanti's impersonation of the Italian Prime Minister between stage and screen (by Watters, Clare) 12. Chapter 8. Mocking Fascism: Popular culture and political satire as counter-hegemony (by Mascha, Efharis) 13. Part III. Public debates and political humour 14. Chapter 9. Politics of taste in a post-Socialist state: A case study (by Laineste, Liisi) 15. Chapter 10. Humour and. Stalin in a National Theatre of Greece postmodern production: Stalin: A Discussion about Greek Theatre (by Manteli, Vicky) 16. Chapter 11. Postscript: A final (? ) note on political humour (by Popa, Diana Elena) 17. Contributors 18. Name index 19. Subject index
Approximation of Reaction Heat Effects in Cylindrical Catalyst Particles with Internal Voids Using CFD

Steam reforming reaction heat effects were implemented in CFD simulations of different packed tube models of 1-hole and 4-hole cylinders. A computationally less expensive 120° wall segment approach was utilized for the simulations in this study. Heat effects of the reactions were introduced by heat generation/consumption terms in the catalyst particles considering suitable reaction kinetics proposed in the literature. Due to strong diffusion limitations the activity of the catalyst particles is confined to a thin layer at the particle surface. Therefore, the energetic effects of the reactions were restricted to the outer 5% of the particle dimension by a user-defined code. The selection of the correct active region was verified for both the particle external and internalhole surfaces. Simulation results of the reaction heat effects were qualitatively and quantitatively compared to cold flow cases where there were no heat effects but only tube wall heat transfer. Due to the endothermic nature of the reactions, relatively lower temperature fields were observed when the heat effects were introduced, where the positions of the solid particles play an important role. The implications of introducing the detailed reaction heat effects were emphasized in the development of suitable packed tube models.
Assessing Household Vulnerability to Employment Shocks: A Simulation Methodology Applied to Bosnia and Herzegovina

Household vulnerability relates to the incapacity of a household to preserve its welfare because of negative events. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, vulnerability is a central issue in the policy debate: many households are at risk of poverty due to fragile livelihood systems or high exposure to shocks. Since no panel data are available in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a micro-simulation methodology is adopted on the basis of a household consumption model based on quintile regression. Shocks are simulated in the labour market and the methodology consents the identification of the typologies of households which suffer from severe welfare losses or that are plunged into poverty after the shocks. The results show that the vulnerable households identified change when different shocks or a diverse definition of vulnerability are taken into consideration. At the same time, the characteristics of households vulnerable to poverty are shown to be different with respect to those of the poor.
Subtropical fronts observed during the 1996 Central Australian Fronts Experiment

The 1996 Central Australian Fronts Experiment (CAFE96) was the third in a series of field experiments designed to better understand the structure and dynamics of late dry-season subtropical cold fronts that affect central Australia. In this paper, the behaviour of three fronts observed during CAFE96 are described in detail and the four other fronts that occurred are examined in the light of previous studies. In total, fourteen fronts were documented during the three field experiments, of which twelve crossed central Australia during the evening or early hours of the morning. Only one of the fourteen crossed central Australia during the late afternoon (Event 4 in CAFE96), and only one in the mid-morning (Event 6 in CAFE96). The latter front arrived at Alice Springs during the mid-morning and, as the daytime turbulent mixing increased, it ceased advancing northeastward and retrogressed. It subsequently retreated through Alice Springs, giving way to strong northwesterly winds and blowing dust. The front reversed direction once again and was observed at a station 70 km southeast of Alice Springs during the mid-afternoon. While it is probably quite common for the position of subtropical cold fronts to oscillate back and forth as the daytime turbulent mixing waxes and wanes, Event 6 is the first example to be documented in detail. Event 3 is more typical of the fronts observed in the two previous experiments, but is discussed briefly here because it is the best example to date exhibiting near-surface warming in a strip following the passage of the cold front. This warming was detected in satellite imagery and confirmed by surface measurements.
Modeling capsid self-assembly: design and analysis

A series of simulations aimed at elucidating the self-assembly dynamics of spherical virus capsids is described. This little-understood phenomenon is a fascinating example of the complex processes that occur in the simplest of organisms. The fact that different viruses adopt similar structural forms is an indication of a common underlying design, motivating the use of simplified, low-resolution models in exploring the assembly process. Several versions of a molecular dynamics approach are described. Polyhedral shells of different sizes are involved, the assembly pathways are either irreversible or reversible and an explicit solvent is optionally included. Model design, simulation methodology and analysis techniques are discussed. The analysis focuses on the growth pathways and the nature of the intermediate states, properties that are hard to access experimentally. Among the key observations are that efficient growth proceeds by means of a cascade of highly reversible stages, and that while there are a large variety of possible partial assemblies, only a relatively small number of strongly bonded configurations are actually encountered.