Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abnormal transcription factor induction through the surface immunoglobulin M receptor of B-1 lymphocytes

Populations of murine peritoneal B-1 and splenic B-2 cells, highly purified by negative selection techniques, were used to demonstrate that B-1 cells completely fail to enter cell cycle in response to surface immunoglobulin M (sIgM) crosslinking without any decrease in cell number or viability. This failure of B-1 cell responsiveness appears to represent a specific defect in sIgM-derived signaling inasmuch as stimulation to enter S phase occurs normally in response to activated and fixed T cells, and to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The level at which sIgM signaling fails was determined by evaluating the nuclear expression of the transcription factor complex, NF-kappa B, whose sIgM- mediated induction in B-2 cells is dependent on protein kinase C (PKC) activation but is independent of protein synthesis. There was no induction of nuclear NF-kappa B in B-1 cells stimulated by sIgM crosslinking, although NF-kappa B was stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate and by LPS. In contrast, NF-kappa B was induced in B-2 cells by all three stimuli. Thus, in B-1 cells, the sIgM-mediated induction of a transcription factor that is substantially stimulated by anti-IgM in B- 2 cells is blocked. However, all sIgM-derived signaling in B-1 cells was not impaired inasmuch as anti-IgM increased I-A antigen expression. These results strongly suggest that sIgM receptor-mediated signaling in B-1 cells is interrupted early in the signal transduction pathway, at a point proximal to the activation of PKC. These results further demonstrate that transcription factor induction can be used to analyze the level at which receptor-mediated signaling is blocked.
Analysing the Effectiveness of the Personality Symbols/Icons

Personality symbol can cover all the identifications of the brand. It can be the face or the soul of the company. Their effect on the brand image is huge. The research focuses on calculating the roles and effectives of the personality symbols. It aims to bring in suggestions for developing a successful personality symbols and lists advantages and disadvantages of different types of personality symbols. It does a detailed copy testing. Apart from conducting focus groups to analyse how the target market interprets the personality symbols it also conducts in depth interviews both with the advertising agencies and the targeted audiences.
Motion Artifacts in Capacitive ECG Measurements: Reducing the Combined Effect of DC Voltages and Capacitance Changes Using an Injection Signal

Capacitive electrodes are a promising alternative to the conventional adhesive electrodes for ECG measurements. They provide more comfort to the patient when integrated in everyday objects (e.g., beds or seats) for long-term monitoring. However, the application of capacitive sensors is limited by their high sensitivity to motion artifacts. For example, motion at the body-electrode interface causes variations of the coupling capacitance which, in the presence of a dc voltage across the coupling capacitor, create strong artifacts in the measurements. The origin, relevance, and reduction of this specific and important type of artifacts are studied here. An injection signal is exploited to track the variations of the coupling capacitance in real time. This information is then used by an identification scheme to estimate the artifacts and subtract them from the measurements. The method was evaluated in simulations, lab environments, and in a real-life recording on an adult's chest. For the type of artifact under study, a strong artifact reduction ranging from 40 dB for simulated data to 9 dB for a given real-life recording was achieved. The proposed method is automated, does not require any knowledge about the measurement system parameters, and provides an online estimate for the dc voltage across the coupling capacitor.
Research on classroom ecologies : implications for inclusion of children with learning disabilities

Contents: E. Zigler, Foreword. B.K. Keogh, D.L. Speece, Learning Disabilities within the Context of Schooling. Part I:Classroom Instruction. K.H. Au, J.H. Carroll, Current Research on Classroom Instruction: Goals, Teachers' Actions, and Assessment. C.R. Greenwood, Research on the Practices and Behavior of Effective Teachers at the Juniper Gardens Children's Project: Implications for the Education of Diverse Learners. J.E. Sayre, The View from a Montessori Classroom: A Response to Au & Carroll and Greenwood. L.S. Fuchs, Models of Classroom Instruction: Implications for Students with Learning Disabilities. Part II:Classroom Interaction. F. Erickson, Inclusion Into What? : Thoughts on the Construction of Learning, Identity, and Affiliation in the General Education Classroom. S. Vaughn, J.S. Schumm, Classroom Ecologies: Classroom Interactions and Implications for Inclusion of Students with Learning Disabilities. E.I. Reyes, Constructing Knowledge in Inclusive Classrooms: What Students Know and Teachers Need to Know. A.S. Palincsar, Reconfiguring Professional Communities on Behalf of Students with Special Needs. Part III:Classroom Management. D.H. Cooper, L. Valli, Designing Classrooms for Inclusion: Beyond Management. N. Zigmond, Organization and Management of General Education Classrooms. M. Elrich, Order and Learning, Individuals and Groups: A Regular Education Teacher's Response. A.C. Schulte, Remediation and Inclusion: Can We Have It All? Part IV:Research Perspectives. G.R. Lyon, Methodological Issues and Strategies for Assessing Developmental Change and Evaluating Response to Intervention. R. Gallimore, Classrooms Are Just Another Cultural Activity. C.A. Stone, Bridging the Gap Between Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches to the Analysis of Instructional Innovations for Students with Learning Disabilities: A Commentary on Gallimore and Lyon. Epilogue. D.L. Speece, B.K. Keogh, Classroom Ecologies and Learning Disabilities: What We Learned and What We Need to Know.
Ultrastructure of Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Glands: Does it Explain Various Patterns of 99mTc-sestamibi Uptake

The aim of this study was to correlate the uptake of 99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (MIBI) with ultra-structural features of parathyroid adenomas. Twenty patients with proven primary hyperparathyroidism were evaluated prospectively. Preoperative double-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy was performed in all patients and the degree of tracer uptake by the parathyroid lesions was assessed visually and semi-quantitatively. The excised glands were examined histologically and ultrastructurally, and their features were correlated with the degree of the radiotracer uptake. At surgery, 21 parathyroid adenomas were removed (double adenoma in one patient and a solitary adenoma in each of the remaining 19 patients). 99mTc-MIBI scan detected 18 of the 21 adenomas. There was positive correlation between the degree of 99mTc-MIBI uptake and the mitochondrial contents of the parathyroid adenoma cells. Four adenomas with intense uptake had high content of mitochondria in the cells. The three false-negative scans had low-to-moderate mitochondrial content. 99mTc-MIBI uptake is related to the mitochondrial content of the parathyroid adenoma cells.
Defensiveness and attempted thought suppression of negative material

High and low defensive individuals engaged in attempted thought suppression and non‐suppression after viewing an emotionally stressful piece of film. As a function of suppression and non‐suppression instructions, high and low defensive individuals differed from each other in the number of reported film‐related thoughts. Suppression instructions had greatest effects on low defensive individuals in reducing the number of reported film‐related thoughts. The effects of suppression instructions were not significant in reducing the number of film‐related thoughts for high defensive individuals. High defensive individuals also reported more neutral thoughts under the suppression condition compared with the non‐suppression condition. Low defensive individuals reported similar numbers of neutral thoughts under the two conditions. Effects of suppression instructions were investigated in a subsequent cognitive task that measured the level of interference produced by attempted suppression. Suppression instructions did not significantly effect the cognitive processing of participants. Theoretical and methodological implications for understanding the possible cognitive structures underlying attempted suppression are discussed in terms of the effects of defensiveness. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single Channel Cutaneous Electrogastrography on Local White Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and Its Electrogastrogram Classification Algorithm

It has been a common practice to place electrodes based on external landmarks, rather than locating the appropriate organ first by imaging technuiqes such as CT scan, ultrasound, etc. Therefore, aside from abiding the cutaneous EGG (electrogastrography) electrodes placement rule, identification of its waveform should be performed to ease the validation of one's EGG recording method. This research focused on the assembly of EGG instrument, its performance testing, and its usage on local white rabbit (O. cuniculus). A total of 72 recordings obtained and processed. Data procession implies EGG parameterization based on segmentation and time domain analysis. Therefore this research gives an insight of an EGG recording method that could be applied on another preclinical, veterinary, and even for clinical examination.
Comparison of Unsatisfactory Samples from Conventional Smear versus Liquid-Based Cytology in Uterine Cervical Cancer Screening Test

Background Cervical cytology for uterine cervical cancer screening has transitioned from conventional smear (CS) to liquid-based cytology (LBC), which has many advantages. The aim of this study was to compare the proportion of unsatisfactory specimens from CS versus LBC at multiple institutions including general hospitals and commercial laboratories. Methods Each participating institution provided a minimum of 500 Papanicolaou (Pap) test results for analysis. Pap tests were classified according to the participating institution (commercial laboratory or general hospital) and the processing method (CS, ThinPrep, SurePath, or CellPrep). The causes of unsatisfactory results were classified as technical problems, scant cellularity, or complete obscuring factors. Results A total of 38,956 Pap test results from eight general hospitals and three commercial laboratories were analyzed. The mean unsatisfactory rate of LBC was significantly lower than that of CS (1.26% and 3.31%, p = .018). In the LBC method, samples from general hospitals had lower unsatisfactory rates than those from commercial laboratories (0.65% vs 2.89%, p = .006). The reasons for unsatisfactory results were heterogeneous in CS. On the other hand, 66.2% of unsatisfactory results in LBC were due to the scant cellularity. Conclusions Unsatisfactory rate of cervical cancer screening test results varies according to the institution and the processing method. LBC has a significantly lower unsatisfactory rate than CS.
Rat retina shows robust circadian expression of clock and clock output genes in explant culture

Purpose Circadian rhythms are central to vision and retinal physiology. A circadian clock located within the retina controls various rhythmic processes including melatonin synthesis in photoreceptors. In the present study, we evaluated the rhythmic expression of clock genes and clock output genes in retinal explants maintained for several days in darkness. Methods Retinas were dissected from Wistar rats, either wild-type or from the Per1-luciferase transgenic line housed under a daily 12 h:12 h light-dark cycle (LD12/12), and put in culture at zeitgeber time (ZT) 12 on semipermeable membranes. Explants from wild-type rats were collected every 4 h over 3 days, and total RNA was extracted, quantified, and reverse transcribed. Gene expression was assessed with quantitative PCR, and the periodicity of the relative mRNA amounts was assessed with nonlinear least squares fitting to sine wave functions. Bioluminescence in explants from Per1-luciferase rats was monitored for several days under three different culture protocols. Results Rhythmic expression was found for all studied clock genes and for clock downstream targets such as c-fos and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (Aanat) genes. Clock and output genes cycled with relatively similar periods and acrophases (peaks of expression during subjective night, except c-fos, which peaked around the end of the subjective day). Data for Per1 were confirmed with bioluminescence monitoring, which also permitted culture conditions to be optimized to study the retina clock. Conclusions Our work shows the free-running expression profile of multiple clock genes and potential clock targets in mammalian retinal explants. This research further strengthens the notion that the retina contains a self-sustained oscillator that can be functionally characterized in organotypic culture.
Antecedents of the attitude towards inter-group reconciliation in a setting of armed conflict.

BACKGROUND The concept of Reconciliation as applied to inter-group conflict has come into use only recently. Throughout the history of Psychology, Reconciliation was mostly understood at the individual and inter-personal level. METHOD In the present study we shall analyse the roles played by trust, negotiating attitude, legitimacy and ethnocentric attitude over the attitude towards social reconciliation. To this end we studied a group of 188 Colombian civilians living under conditions of real socio-political conflict. RESULTS A path analysis was performed using the statistical program AMOS whose fit indexes indicate a good fit of the model and a variance of . 36. The results show that the variables of trust, negotiating attitude and legitimacy have a significant and positive effect on the reconciliation variable, and significant negative effect on the ethnocentric attitude variable. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the integration of a number of variables that facilitate process of social reconciliation, as it explicitly deals with some of the perceptions, attitudes and beliefs which could change the course of a confrontation.
What is a recursive module?

A hierarchical module system is an effective tool for structuring large programs. Strictly hierarchical module systems impose an acyclic ordering on import dependencies among program units. This can impede modular programming by forcing mutually-dependent components to be consolidated into a single module. Recently there have been several proposals for module systems that admit cyclic dependencies, but it is not clear how these proposals relate to one another, nor how one might integrate them into an expressive module system such as that of ML.To address this question we provide a type-theoretic analysis of the notion of a recursive module in the context of a "phase-distinction" formalism for higher-order module systems. We extend this calculus with a recursive module mechanism and a new form of signature, called a recursively dependent signature, to support the definition of recursive modules. These extensions are justified by an interpretation in terms of more primitive language constructs. This interpretation may also serve as a guide for implementation.
Sperm competition in tropical versus temperate zone birds

Sperm competition represents an important component of post-copulatory sexual selection. It has been argued that the level of sperm competition declines in birds towards the equator. However, to date, sperm competition estimates have been available mainly for avian species inhabiting the northern temperate zone. Here we apply a novel approach, using the coefficient of between-male variation (CVbm) in sperm size as an index for sperm competition risk, in a comparative analysis of 31 Afrotropical and 99 northern temperate zone passerine species. We found no difference in sperm competition risk between the two groups, nor any relationship with migration distance. However, a multivariate model indicated that sperm competition risk was highest in species with a combination of low body mass and few eggs per clutch. The effect of clutch size was most pronounced in tropical species, which indicates that sperm competition risk in tropical and temperate species is differently associated with particular life-history traits. Although tropical species had lower sperm competition risk than temperate zone species for overlapping clutch sizes, the idea of a generally reduced risk of sperm competition in tropical birds was not supported by our analysis.
Reduced proteolysis of surfactant protein A and changes of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteome by inhaled α1‐protease inhibitor in cystic fibrosis

In cystic fibrosis (CF), the chronic neutrophilic inflammation of the airways results in proteolytic degradation of lung tissue early in the course of the disease. Inhalation of α1‐protease inhibitor (α1‐PI) may restore the protease‐antiprotease imbalance and thus lead to less tissue damage. To monitor its impacts on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid protein pattern (proteome) and on surfactant protein A (SP‐A), eight young adults with CF inhaled 100 mg of α1‐PI twice daily over eight weeks. BAL fluids were obtained before and after inhalation. Total protein, the number and amount of proteins with a molecular mass <20 kDa were reduced compared to pretreatment values. Degradation products of SP‐A were shown by immunoblotting, being reduced after α1‐PI treatment. This pilot study demonstrates that inhalation of α1‐PI is associated with biochemical changes consistent with reduced proteolysis. The display of the BAL proteome by two‐dimensional electrophoresis may be helpful to quantify the overall molecular changes associated with proteolytic or other lung injuries and offers the possibility to monitor directly therapeutic interventions.
Pixel correlation searches for O vi in the Lyman α forest and the volume filling factor of metals in the intergalactic medium at z ∼ 2-3.5

Artificial absorption spectra are used to test a variety of instrumental and physical effects on the pixel correlation technique for the detection of weak O vi absorption. At H i optical depths ≲0.3–1, the apparent O vi detections are spurious coincidences due to H i absorption at other redshifts. In this range, the apparent O vi optical depth is independent of H i optical depth. At larger H i optical depths, the apparent O vi optical depth and H i optical depth are correlated. Detailed modelling is required in order to interpret the significance of this relation. High-resolution spectra of four quasi-stellar objects together with a large suite of synthetic spectra are used to show that the detection of O vi in individual spectra is only statistically significant for overdensities ≳5. These overdensities are larger than would be naively inferred from the onset of the correlation and a tight optical depth–density relation. The lower limit for the volume filling factor of regions which are enriched by O vi is 4 per cent at 95 per cent confidence. This is no larger than the observed volume filling factor of the winds from Lyman break galaxies. Previous claims that the observed O vi absorption extends to underdense regions and requires a universal metal enrichment with large volume filling factor, as may be expected from Population III star formation at very high redshift, appear not to be warranted.
The Effect of Principals' Technological Leadership on Teachers' Technological Literacy and Teaching Effectiveness in Taiwanese Elementary Schools

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among principals’ technological leadership, teachers’ technological literacy, and teaching effectiveness. The survey target population consists of 1,000 teachers randomly selected from Taiwanese elementary schools. The survey asked teachers to measure the effectiveness of principals’ technological leadership, teachers’ technological literacy, and teaching effectiveness. Additionally, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to test how well the model captured the relationships between these quantities. The results of the common fit indices clearly indicate that the model fits the data quite well. The findings show that principals’ technological leadership improves teachers' technological literacy and directly encourages teachers to integrate technology into their teaching. Furthermore, teachers’ technological literacy directly affects their effectiveness. Principals’ technological leadership also makes teachers more effective. Principals’ technological leadership, as mediated by teachers’ technological literacy, can affect teaching effectiveness. The results suggest that principals, as technology leaders, must develop and implement a vision and technology plan for their schools.
Spike Avalanches Exhibit Universal Dynamics across the Sleep-Wake Cycle

Background Scale-invariant neuronal avalanches have been observed in cell cultures and slices as well as anesthetized and awake brains, suggesting that the brain operates near criticality, i.e. within a narrow margin between avalanche propagation and extinction. In theory, criticality provides many desirable features for the behaving brain, optimizing computational capabilities, information transmission, sensitivity to sensory stimuli and size of memory repertoires. However, a thorough characterization of neuronal avalanches in freely-behaving (FB) animals is still missing, thus raising doubts about their relevance for brain function. Methodology/Principal Findings To address this issue, we employed chronically implanted multielectrode arrays (MEA) to record avalanches of action potentials (spikes) from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of 14 rats, as they spontaneously traversed the wake-sleep cycle, explored novel objects or were subjected to anesthesia (AN). We then modeled spike avalanches to evaluate the impact of sparse MEA sampling on their statistics. We found that the size distribution of spike avalanches are well fit by lognormal distributions in FB animals, and by truncated power laws in the AN group. FB data surrogation markedly decreases the tail of the distribution, i.e. spike shuffling destroys the largest avalanches. The FB data are also characterized by multiple key features compatible with criticality in the temporal domain, such as 1/f spectra and long-term correlations as measured by detrended fluctuation analysis. These signatures are very stable across waking, slow-wave sleep and rapid-eye-movement sleep, but collapse during anesthesia. Likewise, waiting time distributions obey a single scaling function during all natural behavioral states, but not during anesthesia. Results are equivalent for neuronal ensembles recorded from visual and tactile areas of the cerebral cortex, as well as the hippocampus. Conclusions/Significance Altogether, the data provide a comprehensive link between behavior and brain criticality, revealing a unique scale-invariant regime of spike avalanches across all major behaviors.