Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparatory Body State before Reacting to an Opponent: Short-Term Joint Torque Fluctuation in Real-Time Competitive Sports

In a competitive sport, the outcome of a game is determined by an athlete’s relationship with an unpredictable and uncontrolled opponent. We have previously analyzed the preparatory state of ground reaction forces (GRFs) dividing non-weighted and weighted states (i.e., vertical GRFs below and above 120% of body weight, respectively) in a competitive ballgame task and demonstrated that the non-weighted state prevented delay of the defensive step and promoted successful guarding. However, the associated kinetics of lower extremity joints during a competitive sports task remains unknown. The present study aims to investigate the kinetic characteristics of a real-time competitive sport before movement initiation. As a first kinetic study on a competitive sport, we initially compared the successful defensive kinetics with a relatively stable preparatory state and the choice-reaction sidestep as a control movement. Then, we investigated the kinetic cause of the outcome in a 1-on-1 dribble in terms of the preparatory states according to our previous study. The results demonstrated that in successful defensive motions in the non-weighted state guarding trial, the times required for the generation of hip abduction and three extension torques for the hip, knee, and ankle joints were significantly shortened compared with the choice-reaction sidestep, and hip abduction and hip extension torques were produced almost simultaneously. The sport-specific movement kinetics emerges only in a more-realistic interactive experimental setting. A comparison of the outcomes in the 1-on-1 dribble and preparatory GRF states showed that, in the non-weighted state, the defenders guarded successfully in 68.0% of the trials, and the defender’s initiation time was earlier than that in the weighted state (39.1%). In terms of kinetics, the root mean squares of the derivative of hip abduction and three extension torques in the non-weighted state were smaller than those in the weighted state, irrespective of the outcome. These results indicate that the preparatory body state as explained by short-term joint torque fluctuations before the defensive step would help explain the performance in competitive sports, and will give insights into understanding human adaptive behavior in unpredicted and uncontrolled environments.
But not a-band EEG connectivity has implications for dual task performance in Parkinson ’ s disease q

People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have difficulty performing dual tasks or simultaneous movements, even if the same movements can be easily performed individually. This has particular significance clinically, as for example falling injuries may occur if care is not taken to perform tasks one at a time. We investigated whether this difficultyx results from impaired dopamine-modulated connectivity. We recorded the EEG in PD subjects off and on L-dopa medication performing simultaneous and unimanual tracking tasks. To deal with the inherent non-stationarity of the EEG duringmotor tasks, we segmented the data into task-related sections based on transient synchronisation between independent components of the data, before assessing the mutual information (MI) between each EEG channel pair. In both tasks, PD subjects off-medication demonstrated enhanced fronto-central and decreased occipital synchronisation within theta and alpha bands, and widespread increased beta-band synchronisation, compared to controls. Synchronisation changes in theta and beta bands were partially normalised by L-dopa, but L-dopa had relatively little effect on alpha band synchronisation. When comparing simultaneous movements to unimanual tracking, PD subjects off-medication demonstrated synchronisation changes within theta and beta bands, however alpha connectivity was largely unchanged. These results suggest that downstream influences of impaired basal ganglia function on cortico-cortical connectivitymay result in difficulties with dual task performance in PD. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ensino Superior no Brasil das últimas décadas: redução nas desigualdades de acesso?

Nas últimas décadas podemos identificar uma significativa expansão do Ensino Superior no Brasil, acompanhada de importantes alterações na composição socioeconômica dos estudantes. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é verificar se esses movimentos levaram também a uma redução das desigualdades nas chances de acesso a esse nível educacional. Com base nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (IBGE), para os anos de 1995, 2005 e 2015, buscaremos não somente descrever as tendências observadas nas duas últimas décadas, como também testar empiricamente, por meio de modelos multivariados, a hipótese de redução das desigualdades de acesso. Mais especificamente, estaremos interessados em avaliar a possível redução dos efeitos de classe de origem sobre as chances de acesso ao Ensino Superior, assim como sobre a qualidade desse acesso, se através da rede pública ou privada, ao longo das últimas duas décadas.
Histone H3K36 trimethylation is essential for multiple silencing mechanisms in fission yeast

In budding yeast, Set2 catalyzes di- and trimethylation of H3K36 (H3K36me2 and H3K36me3) via an interaction between its Set2–Rpb1 interaction (SRI) domain and C-terminal repeats of RNA polymerase II (Pol2) phosphorylated at Ser2 and Ser5 (CTD-S2,5-P). H3K36me2 is sufficient for recruitment of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex to repress cryptic transcription from transcribed regions. In fission yeast, Set2 is also responsible for H3K36 methylation, which represses a subset of RNAs including heterochromatic and subtelomeric RNAs, at least in part via recruitment of Clr6 complex II, a homolog of Rpd3S. Here, we show that CTD-S2P-dependent interaction of fission yeast Set2 with Pol2 via the SRI domain is required for formation of H3K36me3, but not H3K36me2. H3K36me3 silenced heterochromatic and subtelomeric transcripts mainly through post-transcriptional and transcriptional mechanisms, respectively, whereas H3K36me2 was not enough for silencing. Clr6 complex II appeared not to be responsible for heterochromatic silencing by H3K36me3. Our results demonstrate that H3K36 methylation has multiple outputs in fission yeast; these findings provide insights into the distinct roles of H3K36 methylation in metazoans, which have different enzymes for synthesis of H3K36me1/2 and H3K36me3.
Neandertal energetics revisited: Insights into population dynamics and life history evolution

Paleoanthropologists are increasingly utilizing energetic models to provide insights into hominin ecology and evolution. Energy dynamics represent a key interface between an organism and its environment; how energy is extracted from limited resources and allocated to various somatic functions has consequences for survival and reproduction. Within the past few years, several teams of researchers have reconstructed Neandertal energy budgets to address issues such as foraging efficiency, population density and spatial utilization, cold tolerance, and the replacement of Neandertals by modern humans. In the present paper, we systematically reexamine Neandertal energy expenditure and intake through the lens of recent developments in contemporary human biology and nutritional science. We estimate Neandertal energy expenditure and dietary needs by using published sex-specific body mass estimates coupled with physiological information on contemporary high-latitude populations. Comparative data suggest that four important factors contribute to high energy requirements in Neandertals: 1) large body mass and high levels of muscularity; 2) exposure to severe cold stress; 3) consumption of high meat, high protein diets; and, 4) high levels of physical activity. Contemporary northern populations have systematically elevated basal metabolic rates (BMRs) compared to lower latitude groups, an apparent adaptation to chronic and severe cold stress. In addition, field and laboratory studies suggest high dietary protein is associated with substantially increased metabolic heat production. Further, activity patterns among contemporary northern populations and Neandertal post-cranial morphology suggest relatively high physical activity levels. Thus, multiple lines of evidence point to extremely high energy requirements and intakes among Neandertals. The high turnover of metabolic energy in Neandertals likely had important implications for key aspects of life history, such as physical growth rates, age at reproductive maturity, and lifespan. Consequently, a detailed exploration of Neandertal ener-getics provides insights into hominin population dynamics during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition.
The Impact of Reading Strategy Instruction in L2 (English) on Reading Performance and Attitude Toward Reading in L1 (Persian)

The importance of high level of competence in reading both in first language and English as the international language in EFL context is undeniable. This study investigates the effect of reading strategies instruction (RSI) in L2 (English ), on reading comprehension and attitude toward reading in L1. To this purpose, 48 students of pre-intermediate proficiency level at the University of Mazandaran constituted the control and experimental groups. a reading comprehension test and questionnaire of attitude toward reading in L1 were distributed as pretest. After giving the experimental group the reading strategy instruction, the reading test and attitude questionnaire posttests were administered to all participants in the two groups. To analyze the data, test of univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was run. Analysis of data showed the experimental group outperformed the control group in both in reading comprehension and attitude toward reading. The findings show that RSI in L2, affects both reading comprehension and attitude toward reading in L1. It is recommended that teachers in reading courses keep in mind the important role of transfer, and use this to help improve reading comprehension and attitude toward reading in L1. Keywords: Reading comprehension, Reading Strategies, Attitude, L1, L2.
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in mothers just before delivery, in cord blood, and in newborns.

The role of the heart as an endocrine organ was established in 1981 by de Bold et al. (1). Usually, in adults, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are secreted mainly by the cardiac atria and ventricles, respectively (2). Plasma concentrations of these peptides, particularly that of BNP, have been shown to reflect cardiac dysfunction and volume overload in adults and children (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). There is evidence that these peptides have possible roles during fetal life in the regulation of organogenesis of the heart and the cardiovascular system, in the regulation of blood pressure and water balance in the developing embryo, and in the transition from fetal to extra-uterine life (9). BNP may also have …
1 MEMS Computer-aided Design

A major hurdle in manufacturing MEMS is reducing the expensive and long product development cycles. Adequate design and fabrication software tools have not been available until recently. Previously, manufacturers were forced to undertake many trial-and-error iterations when manufacturing devices since it was difficult to model accurately the physical behavior of three dimensional microdevices. IntelliSense developed IntelliCAD to address the need for predictive MEMS development. IntelliCAD is an integrated software system which assists designers in optimizing MEMS devices by providing them with needed manufacturing databases and by allowing them to model the entire device manufacturing sequence and to simulate behavior without having to enter a manufacturing facility. IntelliCAD has predicted the behavior of complex structures to within 10% accuracy by utilizing fully coupled thermo-electromechanical analysis. Its use has resulted in device designs that are more manufacturable and in reduced development time and cost. An opportunity for efficient MEMS manufacturing Efficient manufacturing of MEMS and other silicon micro-machined devices can be achieved by reducing the expensive and lengthy product development cycle times. The cycle time varies based on the particular application and its complexity, however the most common cause of long development times stems from an industry-wide inability to predict the effects of manufacturing on the device and its performance. Specifically, it has been very difficult to model accurately the behavior of three-dimensional microstructures and to predict thin-film property behavior as a function of the many manufacturing parameters. Iterative design-fabrication-testing procedures proved to be extremely time consuming and expensive. The recent accumulation of manufacturing information and better computer-aided design tools are two resources that are presently helping to overcome these fabrication setbacksa welcome relief to manufacturers that were forced to rely solely on trial-and-error when manufacturing devices. IntelliCAD was developed to address the need for predictive MEMS development, and it has been the leader in the revolution of CAD for MEMS. IntelliCAD provides designers with manufacturing databases and simulators which allow them to model the entire device manufacturing and load simulation without ever having to enter a manufacturing facility. The result is decreased development time and reduced cost for the user. IntelliCAD architecture
Murine leukemia virus envelope gp70 is a shared biomarker for the high-sensitivity quantification of murine tumor burden

The preclinical development of anticancer drugs including immunotherapeutics and targeted agents relies on the ability to detect minimal residual tumor burden as a measure of therapeutic efficacy. Real-time quantitative (qPCR) represents an exquisitely sensitive method to perform such an assessment. However, qPCR-based applications are limited by the availability of a genetic defect associated with each tumor model under investigation. Here, we describe an off-the-shelf qPCR-based approach to detect a broad array of commonly used preclinical murine tumor models. In particular, we report that the mRNA coding for the envelope glycoprotein 70 (gp70) encoded by the endogenous murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is universally expressed in 22 murine cancer cell lines of disparate histological origin but is silent in 20 out of 22 normal mouse tissues. Further, we detected the presence of as few as 100 tumor cells in whole lung extracts using qPCR specific for gp70, supporting the notion that this detection approach has a higher sensitivity as compared with traditional tissue histology methods. Although gp70 is expressed in a wide variety of tumor cell lines, it was absent in inflamed tissues, non-transformed cell lines, or pre-cancerous lesions. Having a high-sensitivity biomarker for the detection of a wide range of murine tumor cells that does not require additional genetic manipulations or the knowledge of specific genetic alterations present in a given neoplasm represents a unique experimental tool for investigating metastasis, assessing antitumor therapeutic interventions, and further determining tumor recurrence or minimal residual disease.
Optimal Load Shedding for Mitigation of Cascading Failures in Power Grids

We use a deterministic cascade propagation model based on thermal overloading limits on the transmission lines to achieve a load shedding protection mechanism to mitigate cascading failures. Departing from the linearized DC-power flow based models, we adopt a more faithful AC-power flow model to compute the line flows. For AC power flow, we adopt the branch flow model, taking inspiration from the recent optimal power flow formulations, and use tools from convex optimization to solve the optimal load shedding problem. The results are demonstrated using a IEEE 14-bus test system in a Digital Real-Time Simulator (DRTS) environment.
Asylum seekers in Denmark--a study of health status and grade of traumatization of newly arrived asylum seekers.

BACKGROUND An unknown number of asylum seekers arriving in Denmark have been exposed to torture or have experienced other traumatising events in their country of origin. The health of traumatised asylum seekers, both physically and mentally, is affected upon arrival to Denmark, and time in asylum centres leads to further deterioration in health. METHODS One hundred forty-two (N=142) newly arrived asylum seekers were examined at Center Sandholm by Amnesty International Danish Medical Group from the 1st of September until the 31st of December 2007. FINDINGS The asylum seekers came from 33 different countries, primarily representing Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Chechnya. Of the asylum seekers, 45 percent had been exposed to torture--approximately one-third within the year of arrival to Denmark. Unsystematic blows, personal threats or threats to family, degrading treatment, isolation, and witnessing torture of others were the main torture methods reported. The majority of the asylum seekers had witnessed armed conflict, persecution, and imprisonment. The study showed that physical symptoms were approximately twice as frequent and psychological symptoms were approximately two to three times as frequent among torture survivors as among non-tortured asylum seekers. However, even the health of non-tortured asylum seekers was affected. Among the torture survivors, 63 percent fulfilled the criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder, and 30-40 percent of the torture survivors were depressed, in anguish, anxious, and tearful in comparison to 5-10 percent of the non-tortured asylum seekers. Further, 42 percent of torture survivors had torture-related scars. INTERPRETATION Torture survivors amid newly arrived asylum seekers are an extremely vulnerable group, hence examination and inquiry about the torture history is extremely important in order to identify this population to initiate the necessary medical treatment and social assistance. Amnesty International Danish Medical group is currently planning a follow-up study of the present population which will focus on changes in health status during their time in Denmark.
TABLE 1 Pasteurization of Milk Involves Heating Milka to 1 of the Temperatures Listed

There continues to be considerable public debate on the possible benefits regarding the growing popularity of the consumption of raw milk. However, there are significant concerns by regulatory, or public health, organizations like the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention because of risk of contracting milkborne illnesses if the raw milk is contaminated with human pathogens. This review describes why pasteurization ofmilkwas introducedmore than 100 years ago, how pasteurization helped to reduce the incidence of illnesses associated with raw milk consumption, and the prevalence of pathogens in rawmilk. In some studies, up to a third of all raw milk samples contained pathogens, even when sourced from clinically healthy animals or from milk that appeared to be of good quality. This review critically evaluates some of the popularly suggested benefits of raw milk. Claims related to improved nutrition, prevention of lactose intolerance, or provision of ‘‘good’’ bacteria from the consumption of raw milk have no scientific basis and are myths. There are some epidemiological data that indicate that children growing up in a farming environment are associated with a decreased risk of allergy and asthma; a variety of environmental factorsmay be involved and there is no direct evidence that rawmilk consumption is involved in any ‘‘protective’’ effect. Nutr Today. 2015;50(4):189Y193
Design of a secure Multi-Carrier DCSK system

This paper presents a secure Multi-Carrier Differential Chaos Shift Keying (MC-DCSK) system. This hybrid of MC modulation and DCSK is aimed at combining the height data rate, the simplified equalization in multipath propagation, the robustness to impulse noise, and the security of transmission coming from the use of chaotic signals in digital communications. In this paper, we describe the proposed transmitter and receiver, including the chaotic modulation used in a single input, single output system, and then we evaluate the potential benefits of the MC-DCSK. To increase security, a spreading and interleaving in time and frequency are used to break the similarity between the reference and the data samples of the DCSK signal. The performance of the MC-DCSK is evaluated under a fading communication channel, and without equalization on the receiver side. An approach for computing the bit-error-rate (BER) performance is provided, and an analytical BER expression is derived. Simulation results confirm the accuracy of our performance computation approach.
The vertical and spatial structure of ENSO in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from GPS radio occultation measurements

The vertical and spatial structure of the atmospheric El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal is investigated using radio occultation (RO) data from August 2006 to December 2010. Due to their high vertical resolution and global coverage, RO data are well suited to describe the full 3‐dimensional ENSO structure in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. We find that interannual temperature anomalies in the equatorial region show a natural decomposition into zonal‐mean and eddy (deviations from the zonal‐mean) components that are both related to ENSO. Consistent with previous studies, we find that during the warm phase of ENSO, zonal‐mean temperatures increase in the tropical troposphere and decrease in the tropical stratosphere. Maximum warming occurs above 8 km, and the transition between warming and cooling occurs near the tropopause. This zonal‐mean response lags sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific by 3 months. The atmospheric eddy component, in contrast, responds rapidly (within 1 month) to ENSO forcing. This signal features a low‐latitude dipole between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, with off‐equatorial maxima centered around 20° to 30° latitude in both hemispheres. The eddy response pattern attains maximum amplitude in the upper troposphere near 11 km and (with opposite polarity) in a shallow layer near the tropopause at approximately 17 km. The eddy ENSO signal tends to be out‐of‐phase between low and middle latitudes in both the troposphere and lower stratosphere.
Investigation of Gifted Students' Problem-Solving Skills

The aim of this study is to examine the level gifted students’ problem-solving skills in terms of their gender and grade level. A total of 68 fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh grade gifted students enrolled in a Science and Art Center participated to the study. In this quantitative survey study, Problem-solving Inventory for Children developed by Serin, Bulut Serin, and Saygili (2010) was used to collect data from the participants. This instrument consists of three dimensions, which are namely confidence to problem-solving skills, self-control, and avoidance. In order to determine the level of problem-solving skills, an independent-sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were utilized. The results indicated that the level of gifted students’ problem-solving skills was not high. Moreover, while gender did not play role in their problem-solving skills, some grade levels of the participants were significantly superior to other levels regarding to problem-solving skills. In general, it was seen that problem-solving skills of gifted students gets lower as their grade level increases. Based on the findings, some implications were recommended.