Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vessel co-option in primary human tumors and metastases: an obstacle to effective anti-angiogenic treatment?

Angiogenesis has been regarded as essential for tumor growth and progression. Studies of many human tumors, however, suggest that their microcirculation may be provided by nonsprouting vessels and that a variety of tumors can grow and metastasize without angiogenesis. Vessel co‐option, where tumor cells migrate along the preexisting vessels of the host organ, is regarded as an alternative tumor blood supply. Vessel co‐option may occur in many malignancies, but so far mostly reported in highly vascularized tissues such as brain, lung, and liver. In primary and metastatic lung cancer and liver metastasis from different primary origins, as much as 10–30% of the tumors are reported to use this alternative blood supply. In addition, vessel co‐option is introduced as a potential explanation of antiangiogenic drug resistance, although the impact of vessel co‐option in this clinical setting is still to be further explored. In this review we discuss tumor vessel co‐option with specific examples of vessel co‐option in primary and secondary tumors and a consideration of the clinical implications of this alternative tumor blood supply.
On performance limits of feedback control-based stock trading strategies

On Performance Limits of Feedback Control-Based Stock Trading Strategies B. Ross Barmish Abstract-The starting point for this paper is the control theoretic paradigm for stock trading developed in [1]. Within this framework, a so-called idealized market is characterized by continuous trading and smooth stock price variations. Subsequently, a feedback controller processes the stock price history p(t) to determine the current level of investment I(t). In this idealized setting, we show that that feedback control laws exist which guarantee a profit for all admissible price variations. This first result is only viewed as a benchmark because the controller which achieves this trading profit relies on price signal differentiation which is undesirable. Subsequently, the paper concentrates on more practical differentiator-free controller dynamics. For the simple case of a static linear feedback on the cumulative trading profit or loss g(t), surprisingly, it turns out that a profit is still guaranteed. The final part of the paper involves numerical simulation using historical price; we study the extent to which the idealized market results carry over to real markets.
Evolution of Plant Sucrose Uptake Transporters

In angiosperms, sucrose uptake transporters (SUTs) have important functions especially in vascular tissue. Here we explore the evolutionary origins of SUTs by analysis of angiosperm SUTs and homologous transporters in a vascular early land plant, Selaginella moellendorffii, and a non-vascular plant, the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens, the charophyte algae Chlorokybus atmosphyticus, several red algae and fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Plant SUTs cluster into three types by phylogenetic analysis. Previous studies using angiosperms had shown that types I and II are localized to the plasma membrane while type III SUTs are associated with vacuolar membrane. SUT homologs were not found in the chlorophyte algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carterii. However, the characean algae Chlorokybus atmosphyticus contains a SUT homolog (CaSUT1) and phylogenetic analysis indicated that it is basal to all other streptophyte SUTs analyzed. SUTs are present in both red algae and S. pombe but they are less related to plant SUTs than CaSUT1. Both Selaginella and Physcomitrella encode type II and III SUTs suggesting that both plasma membrane and vacuolar sucrose transporter activities were present in early land plants. It is likely that SUT transporters are important for scavenging sucrose from the environment and intracellular compartments in charophyte and non-vascular plants. Type I SUTs were only found in eudicots and we conclude that they evolved from type III SUTs, possibly through loss of a vacuolar targeting sequence. Eudicots utilize type I SUTs for phloem (vascular tissue) loading while monocots use type II SUTs for phloem loading. We show that HvSUT1 from barley, a type II SUT, reverted the growth defect of the Arabidopsis atsuc2 (type I) mutant. This indicates that type I and II SUTs evolved similar (and interchangeable) phloem loading transporter capabilities independently.
The Effect of Media Syncrhonicityon IndonesiaBaik.id Followers Satisfaction

The growing number of social media users in Indonesia has become an opportunity for the goverment to promote its reputation. Social media have an important role in relationship between government and citizen as a communication channel. Social media as a communication channel has an ability to make communication successful. Through its ability, media synchronicity can support communication process that is conveyance and convergence. Previous research found that citizen satisfaction could be influenced by their perception on utilitarian, hedonic, and social values of the government social media; mediated by media syncronicity. This research aims to explain how those variables influence citizen satisfaction in the case of IndonesiaBaik.id social media. Using survey, we asked 195 participant of IndonesiaBaik.id training program who are also follower of IndonesiaBaik.id social media accounts to fill in our questionnaire. The data were analyzed using path analysis. This research found that the effect of utilitarian, hedonic, and social values to satisfaction is higher when mediated by mediasyncronicity, than without media syncronicitymediation. The relationship between utilitarian value, hedonic value and social value to satisfaction were increased by media synchronicity. The research also found that utilitarian value has the highest effecton satisfaction.If follower have a goodutilitarian value, satisfation will be more increasing. Media synchronicity help the effect of utilitarian value to satisfaction through its capability supporting the communication process that is conveyance and convergence. The effect of media synchronicity on satisfaction must be considered for any organization to communicate with their public, especially in the utilitarian value
A cooperative transmission design combining network coding and superposition coding

This paper deals with the design of transmit scheme for the network with two source-destination pairs. A joint network coding (NC) and superposition coding (JNS) scheme is proposed to realize a cooperative transmission between two pairs. The use of NC is able to improve spectral efficiency over classical decode and forward (DF) relaying strategy by relaxing the orthogonality constraint between different data streams and mitigating the resultant interference through precoding /beamforming. In contrast to using the channel state information (CSI) based beamforming scheme which can achieve near-optimal performance but involves huge computational complexity, we propose to design the beamforming vector using the form of superposition coding, such that CSI at the transmitters are not required and the involved computation is greatly reduced. The theoretical analysis and simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme shows throughput and BER performances close to the near-optimal CSIT based scheme, while having a much lower implementation complexity.
Monochromatic K r -Decompositions of Graphs.

Given graphs G and H, and a colouring of the edges of G with k colours, a monochromatic H-decomposition of G is a partition of the edge set of G such that each part is either a single edge or forms a monochromatic graph isomorphic to H. Let φk(n,H) be the smallest number φ such that any graph G of order n and any colouring of its edges with k colours, admits a monochromatic Hdecomposition with at most φ parts. Here we study the function φk(n,Kr) for k ≥ 2 and r ≥ 3.
Swarm-Oriented Programming of Distributed Robot Networks

One challenge of programming soon-to-be-common large robotic teams is the definition of programming primitives that generate reusable and predictable behaviors. A new language construct allows developers to categorize robots using custom conditions and assign tasks to the groups created. The web extra at https://youtu.be/ddHXIef3nDo offers a real-life demonstration of a robot swarm programmed using Buzz, an extension language with dynamic typing.
Orthostatic Hypotension in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is one of the commonly occurring nonmotor symptoms in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) and atypical parkinsonism (AP). We aimed to review current evidences on epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of OH in patients with IPD and AP. Major electronic medical databases were assessed including PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase up to February 2013. English-written original or review articles with keywords such as “Parkinson's disease,” “atypical parkinsonism,” and “orthostatic hypotension” were searched for relevant evidences. We addressed different issues such as OH definition, epidemiologic characteristics, pathophysiology, testing and diagnosis, risk factors for symptomatic OH, OH as an early sign of IPD, prognosis, and treatment options of OH in parkinsonian syndromes. Symptomatic OH is present in up to 30% of IPD, 80% of multiple system atrophy (MSA), and 27% of other AP patients. OH may herald the onset of PD before cardinal motor symptoms and our review emphasises the importance of its timely diagnosis (even as one preclinical marker) and multifactorial treatment, starting with patient education and lifestyle approach. Advancing age, male sex, disease severity, and duration and subtype of motor symptoms are predisposing factors. OH increases the risk of falls, which affects the quality of life in PD patients.
Brief announcement: pareto optimal solutions to consensus and set consensus

A protocol P is Pareto-optimal if no protocol Q can decide as fast as P for all adversaries, while allowing at least one process to decide strictly earlier, in at least one instance. Pareto optimal protocols cannot be improved upon. We present the first Pareto-optimal solutions to consensus and k-set consensus for synchronous message-passing with crashes failures. Our k-set consensus protocol strictly dominates all known solutions, and our results expose errors in [1, 7, 8, 12]. Our proofs of Pareto optimality are completely constructive, and are devoid of any topological arguments or reductions.
Using Time-Anchored Peer Comments to Enhance Social Interaction in Online Educational Videos

Online learning is increasingly prevalent as an option for self-learning and as a resource for instructional design. Prerecorded video is currently the main medium of online education content delivery and instruction; this affords asynchronicity and flexibility, and enables the dissemination of lecture content in a distributed and scalable manner. However, the same properties may impede learners' engagement due to the lack of social interaction and peer support. In this paper, we propose a time-anchored commenting interface to allow online learners who watch the same video clips to exchange comments on them. Comments left by previous learners at specific time points of a video are displayed to new learners when they watch the same video and reach those time points. We investigated how the display of time-anchored comments (dynamic or static) and type of comments (content-related or social-oriented) influenced users' perceived engagement, perceived social interactivity, and learning outcomes. Our results show that dynamically displaying time-anchored comments can indeed enhance learners' perceived social interactivity. Moreover, the content of comments would further affect learners' intention of commenting. Based on our findings, we make various recommendations for the improvement of social interaction and learning experience in online education.
Validation of the Gail et al. model of breast cancer risk prediction and implications for chemoprevention.

BACKGROUND Women and their clinicians are increasingly encouraged to use risk estimates derived from statistical models, primarily that of Gail et al., to aid decision making regarding potential prevention options for breast cancer, including chemoprevention with tamoxifen. METHODS We evaluated both the goodness of fit of the Gail et al. model 2 that predicts the risk of developing invasive breast cancer specifically and its discriminatory accuracy at the individual level in the Nurses' Health Study. We began with a cohort of 82 109 white women aged 45-71 years in 1992 and applied the model of Gail et al. to these women over a 5-year follow-up period to estimate a 5-year risk of invasive breast cancer. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS The model fit well in the total sample (ratio of expected [E] to observed [O] numbers of cases = 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89 to 0.99). Underprediction was slightly greater for younger women (<60 years), but in most age and risk factor strata, E/O ratios were close to 1.0. The model fit equally well (E/O ratio = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.87 to 0.99) in a subset of women reporting recent screening (i.e., within 1 year before the baseline); among women with an estimated 5-year risk of developing invasive breast cancer of 1.67% or greater, the E/O ratio was 1.04 (95% CI = 0.96 to 1.12). The concordance statistic, which indicates discriminatory accuracy, for the Gail et al. model 2 when used to estimate 5-year risk was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.56 to 0.60). Only 3.3% of the 1354 cases of breast cancer observed in the cohort arose among women who fell into age-risk strata expected to have statistically significant net health benefits from prophylactic tamoxifen use. CONCLUSIONS The Gail et al. model 2 fit well in this sample in terms of predicting numbers of breast cancer cases in specific risk factor strata but had modest discriminatory accuracy at the individual level. This finding has implications for use of the model in clinical counseling of individual women.
Selection cooperation using RF energy harvesting relays with finite energy buffer

Energy harvesting (EH) is an effective method to reduce power consumption of wireless networks. In this paper, we investigate the use of EH relays that harvest energy via RF radiation from the source node into finite energy buffers to forward the source data. For a multi-relay network, a proactive selection protocol is considered which employs a single best relay to forward source data and let the remaining relays to harvest energy simultaneously. We develop a discrete-time Markov chain to capture the variation of the energy buffer status, and derive the outage probability and the diversity order of the considered protocol. Numerical results are reported to validate the analysis accuracy along with extensive discussions on the impact of numerous system parameters, including the energy buffer size and the quantization resolution, energy conversion efficiency, number of relays, for both balanced and unbalanced channel settings.
Academically Dismissed and Probation Students in a Two-Year College for 1994 and 1998.

This study sought factors related to student retention by comparing characteristics of students in "poor" standing (academically-dismissed and probation students) during the 1994 and 1998 academic years at the University of Akron, Community and Technical (C&T) College with students in good standing. Initial findings indicate: (1) the percentage of students classified as being in good standing in the C&T college fell from 85% in 1994 to 74% in 1998; (2) significant differences in academic standing were found by race, with African Americans making up the greatest percentage of students in poor standing, followed by Hispanic students; (3) successful students had a higher mean age (28-29 years) for both academic years than students in poor standing (25-26 years); (4) only 9% of part-time students were in poor standing, compared with 13% of full-time students in 1998; (5) while DFWs (failure to complete successfully) of C&T students increased between 1994 and 1998, some courses with highest DFWs were non-C&T courses such as remedial and developmental courses and math. Recommendations include: (1) counseling, remedial, and developmental programs and instruction may need to be strengthened; and (2) sensitivity training for staff, faculty, and administrators is needed to address the needs of the growing minority, often economically disadvantaged, student population. Contains nine tables. (PGS) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Academically Dismissed and Probation Students in a Two-Year College for 1994 and 1998 by Dr. Gwendolyn Jones Associate Professor Business Management Technology May 2000 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. The author would like to thank the members of the Community and Technical College's Student Retention Committee for their support in completing this project. 2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE
The perception of non-native lexical pitch accent by speakers of 'accentless' Japanese dialects

While Standard (Tokyo) Japanese has a lexical tonal system known as a system of ‘lexical pitch accent’, there are some varieties of Japanese, called ‘accentless’ dialects, which do not have any lexical tonal phenomena. We investigated how the speakers of those dialects perceive Standard Japanese accent, which is nonexistent in their native dialect’s phonology. The results of the Sequence Recall task showed that their scores were lower than those of control (Standard Japanese) participants. We also found a large variance in the results of ‘accentless’ participants, which was probably caused by their exposure to Standard Japanese.
Geographical and Ethnic Distributions of the MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G Gene Polymorphisms in Chinese Populations: A Meta-Analysis

Background The geographical and ethnic distributions of the polymorphic methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutations (C677T and A1298C) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) mutation (A66G) remain heterogeneous in China. The goal of this study was to estimate the pooled frequencies of the alleles and associated genotypes of these gene polymorphisms among healthy populations in Mainland China. Objective and Methods We systematically reviewed published epidemiological studies on the distributions of 3 genetic variants in Chinese healthy populations living in Mainland China through a meta-analysis. The relevant electronic databases were searched. All of the raw data of the eligible citations were extracted. The frequency estimates were stratified by geography, ethnicity and sex. Results Sixty-six studies were identified with a total of 92277 study participants. The meta-analysis revealed that the frequencies of the MTHFR C677T, A1298C, and MTRR A66G gene polymorphisms varied significantly between different ethnic groups and along geographical gradients. The frequencies of the 677T allele and 677TT genotype increased along the southern-central-northern direction across Mainland China (all Pvalues≤0.001). The frequencies of the 1298C, 1298CC, 66G and 66GG genotypes decreased along the south-central-north direction across the country (all Pvalues≤0.001). Conclusions Our meta-analysis strongly indicates significant geographical and ethnic variations in the frequencies of the C677T, A1298C, and A66G gene polymorphisms in the folate metabolism pathway among Chinese populations.
An assessment of standards-based reform in Florida's middle school science programs

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy AN ASSESSMENT OF STANDARDS BASED REFORM IN FLORIDA’S MIDDLE SCHOOL SCIENCE PROGRAMS By Kathryn Elizabeth Stuart Hammer August, 2004 Chair: Paul S. George Major Department: Teaching and Learning The era of school accountability and standards based reform (SBR) has brought many challenges and changes to Florida’s public schools. It is important to understand any shifts in teachers’ attitudes and to identify the changes teachers are making as they implement SBR. The study was designed to assess teachers’ attitudes and perceptions of changes related to SBR and the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) in middle school science programs in Florida. Survey questions sought to identify teacher perceptions of changes in curriculum, instruction and daily practice as schools documented and incorporated the Sunshine State Standards (SSS) for science and began focusing on preparing students for the science FCAT. The survey was distributed to 265 randomly selected middle school science teachers throughout the State of Florida. Seventy-six and ninety-two percent of teachers reported increased levels of stress as a result of SBR and the science FCAT, respectively. Eighty-six percent of teachers reported loss of autonomy and control over what goes on
Deconstructing the Emotion Regulatory Properties of Mindfulness: An Electrophysiological Investigation

The present study sought to uncover the emotion regulatory properties of mindfulness by examining its effects—differentiated as a meditative practice, state of mind and dispositional trait—on the late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potentials (ERPs) indexing emotional processing. Results revealed that mindfulness as a meditative practice produced a reduction in the difference between the LPP response to negative high arousing and neutral stimuli across time. In contrast, a state mindfulness induction (i.e., instructions to attend to the stimuli mindfully) failed to modulate the LPP. Dispositional mindfulness, however, was related to modulation of the LPP as a function of meditation practice. Dispositional mindfulness was associated with a reduction of the LPP response to negative high arousal stimuli and the difference between negative high arousal and neutral stimuli in participants who listened to a control audio recording but not for those who engaged in the guided meditation practice. Together, these findings provide experimental evidence demonstrating that brief mindfulness meditation, but not deliberate engagement in state mindfulness, produces demonstrable changes in emotional processing indicative of reduced emotional reactivity. Importantly, these effects are akin to those observed in individuals with naturally high dispositional mindfulness, suggesting that the benefits of mindfulness can be cultivated through practice.
Impact of ultraviolet radiation from giant spirals on the evolution of dwarf galaxies

We show that ultraviolet (UV) radiation, with wavelengths shorter than 2000 A, escaping from the discs of giant spirals could be one of the principal factors affecting the evolution of low-mass satellite galaxies. We demonstrate, using an analytical approach, that the Lyman continuum part of the radiation field can lead to the ionization of the interstellar medium (ISM) of dwarf galaxies through the process of photoevaporation, making the ISM virtually unobservable. The far-ultraviolet part (912 < λ < 2000 A) is shown to dominate over the internal sources of radiation for most of the Galactic dwarf spheroidals. The proposed environmental factor could be at least partially responsible for the bifurcation of the low-mass protogalaxies into two sequences: dwarf irregulars and dwarf spheroidals. We discuss many peculiarities of the Local Group early-type dwarfs, which can be accounted for by the impact of the UV radiation from the host spiral galaxy (Milky Way or M31).