Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
JOB INSECURITY AND CROSSOVER OF BURNOUT IN MARRIED COUPLES

We investigated crossover of burnout between spouses in 98 married couples in an organization undergoing downsizing. Burnout was found to be associated with feelings of job insecurity, self-control and social undermining. Using SEM, findings supported the crossover of burnout from husbands to wives and the impact of burnout on undermining behavior. They also supported the research hypothesis of a direct relationship between job insecurity and burnout among husbands but not among wives. Sense of control was found to have a negative impact on burnout and on the spouse's undermining behavior and a positive impact on the spouse's sense of control. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of CDKN2BAS Polymorphism rs4977574 with Coronary Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study and a Meta-Analysis

The goal of our study was to explore the significant association between a non-protein coding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4977574 of CDKN2BAS gene and coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 590 CHD cases and 482 non-CHD controls were involved in the present association study. A strong association of rs4977574 with CHD was observed in females (genotype: p = 0.002; allele: p = 0.002, odd ratio (OR) = 1.57, 95% confidential interval (CI) = 1.18–2.08). Moreover, rs4977574 was more likely to be a risk variant of CHD under the recessive model in females (χ2 = 10.29, p = 0.003, OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.31–2.77). A breakdown analysis by age had shown that there was an 87% increased risk of CHD for females younger than 65 years (genotype: χ2 = 14.64, degrees of freedom (df) = 2, p = 0.0002; allele: χ2 = 11.31, df = 1, p = 0.0008, OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.30–2.70). Similar observation was also found in males younger than 65 years (genotype: χ2 = 8.63, df = 2, p = 0.04; allele: χ2 = 7.55, df = 1, p = 0.006, OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.11–1.90). p values were adjusted by age, sex, smoking, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Meta-analysis of 23 studies among 36,452 cases and 39,781 controls showed a strong association between rs4977574 and the risk of CHD (p < 0.0001, OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.22–1.31).
Systems-wide Analysis of K-Ras, Cdc42, and PAK4 Signaling by Quantitative Phosphoproteomics*

Although K-Ras, Cdc42, and PAK4 signaling are commonly deregulated in cancer, only a few studies have sought to comprehensively examine the spectrum of phosphorylation-mediated signaling downstream of each of these key signaling nodes. In this study, we completed a label-free quantitative analysis of oncogenic K-Ras, activated Cdc42, and PAK4-mediated phosphorylation signaling, and report relative quantitation of 2152 phosphorylated peptides on 1062 proteins. We define the overlap in phosphopeptides regulated by K-Ras, Cdc42, and PAK4, and find that perturbation of these signaling components affects phosphoproteins associated with microtubule depolymerization, cytoskeletal organization, and the cell cycle. These findings provide a resource for future studies to characterize novel targets of oncogenic K-Ras signaling and validate biomarkers of PAK4 inhibition.
Phase II study of efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy or erlotinib compared with chemotherapy alone for treatment of recurrent or refractory non small-cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE Bevacizumab, a humanized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody, and erlotinib, a reversible, orally available epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, have demonstrated evidence of a survival benefit in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A single-arm phase I and II study of bevacizumab plus erlotinib demonstrated encouraging efficacy, with a favorable safety profile. PATIENTS AND METHODS A multicenter, randomized phase II trial evaluated the safety of combining bevacizumab with either chemotherapy (docetaxel or pemetrexed) or erlotinib and preliminarily assessed these combinations versus chemotherapy alone, as measured by progression-free survival (PFS). All patients had histologically confirmed nonsquamous NSCLC that had progressed during or after one platinum-based regimen. RESULTS One hundred twenty patients were randomly assigned and treated. No unexpected adverse events were noted. Fewer patients (13%) in the bevacizumab-erlotinib arm discontinued treatment as a result of adverse events than in the chemotherapy alone (24%) or bevacizumab-chemotherapy (28%) arms. The incidence of grade 5 hemorrhage in patients receiving bevacizumab was 5.1%. Although not statistically significant, relative to chemotherapy alone, the risk of disease progression or death was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.38 to 1.16) among patients treated with bevacizumab-chemotherapy and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.42 to 1.23) among patients treated with bevacizumab-erlotinib. One-year survival rate was 57.4% for bevacizumab-erlotinib and 53.8% for bevacizumab-chemotherapy compared with 33.1% for chemotherapy alone. CONCLUSION Results for PFS and overall survival favor combination of bevacizumab with either chemotherapy or erlotinib over chemotherapy alone in the second-line setting. No unexpected safety signals were noted. The rate of fatal pulmonary hemorrhage was consistent with previous bevacizumab trials. The toxicity profile of the bevacizumab-erlotinib combination is favorable compared with either chemotherapy-containing group.
Renal allograft thrombosis.

Early graft thrombosis Renal allograft thrombosis may be responsible for 2–7% of early allograft losses in adults [1] and up to 35% in children [2]. The North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study (NAPRTCS) reported that graft thrombosis represented the main cause of graft failure in the first year. Most cases of renal allograft thrombosis occur early in the postoperative period with a peak incidence of 48 h. However, thrombus formation may be delayed until after the first week [3]. Thrombosis may initially involve the renal artery or more frequently the renal vein, but in some cases it is difficult to ascertain where the thrombosis originated. Several factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of graft thrombosis. Thrombosis may be caused by technical errors, by vascular clamp injury or perfusion cannulation injury. Although vascular abnormalities in the donor kidney may be responsible for graft thrombosis [4] (thrombosis is reported in up to 36% of allografts with multiple renal arteries), however, in a multivariate analysis, the presence of atheroma was the only independent factor associated with the risk of arterial renal thrombosis [5]. Paediatric transplant recipients of kidneys from cadaver donors <5 years of age had a significantly higher thrombosis rate than did recipients from older donors [6]. This increased risk is attributable to the discrepancy in the size between the vessels of the donor and the recipient. In the past, cases of arterial thrombosis have been reported with cadaveric paediatric ‘en bloc’ transplantation. Recent results with this technique are excellent with no vascular thrombosis [7,8].
Performance-Approach Goals: Good for What, for Whom, under What Circumstances, and at What Cost?.

Some researchers have called for a reconceptualization of goal theory that acknowledges the positive effects of performance-approach goals. The authors of the present article review studies that indicate that performance-approach goals are associated with adaptive patterns of learning but note that, in other studies, these goals have been unrelated or negatively related to the same outcomes. There is a need to consider for whom and under what circumstances performance goals are good. There is some evidence that performance-approach goals are more facilitative for boys than for girls, for older students than for younger students, in competitive learning environments, and if mastery goals are also espoused. The authors describe the cost of performance-approach goals in terms of the use of avoidance strategies, cheating, and reluctance to cooperate with peers. They conclude that the suggested reconceptualization of goal theory is not warranted.
Adults' perceptions of children's videotaped truthful and deceptive statements

SUMMARY. This article uses a research study on decisions about children's truth telling to discuss the difficult issues involved in using video-taped evidence in child abuse cases. The adult raters had to decide whether each child recounting a school trip was telling the truth or had only seen a video recording of the day's events. Raters were just above chance in detecting truth and deception, were better able to detect truth tellers than deceivers, and were more successful in decoding deceptive behaviour presented by boys and younger children. Most accuracy-confidence relationships were not significant.
Meeting the four-hour deadline in an A&E department.

PURPOSE Accident and emergency (A&E) departments experience a secondary peak in patient length of stay (LoS) at around four hours, caused by the coping strategies used to meet the operational standards imposed by government. The aim of this paper is to build a discrete-event simulation model that captures the coping strategies and more accurately reflects the processes that occur within an A&E department. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH A discrete-event simulation (DES) model was used to capture the A&E process at a UK hospital and record the LoS for each patient. Input data on 4,150 arrivals over three one-week periods and staffing levels was obtained from hospital records, while output data were compared with the corresponding records. Expert opinion was used to generate the pathways and model the decision-making processes. FINDINGS The authors were able to replicate accurately the LoS distribution for the hospital. The model was then applied to a second configuration that had been trialled there; again, the results also reflected the experiences of the hospital. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This demonstrates that the coping strategies, such as re-prioritising patients based on current length of time in the department, employed in A&E departments have an impact on LoS of patients and therefore need to be considered when building predictive models if confidence in the results is to be justified. ORIGINALITY/VALUE As far as the authors are aware this is the first time that these coping strategies have been included within a simulation model, and therefore the first time that the peak around the four hours has been analysed so accurately using a model.
Consumer Intentions to Buy Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labeled Food Products: The Moderating Effects of Personality Differences

Although the current literature suggests that consumers in general have a desire to eat healthy and also like to obtain nutrition information about food products, there still exists a gap in terms of understanding how consumers utilize nutrition information. Drawing on consumer psychology literature, we examine how self-efficacy, healthy eating intentions, and perceptions about a simple front-of-pack nutrition label affect purchase intentions, and how these effects may be moderated by two information-processing-related personality traits—need for cognition and propensity to self-reference. We find that consumers’ intention to purchase front-of-pack nutrition-labeled products is positively affected by self-efficacy and label perceptions but is not directly driven by a general interest in healthy eating. We also find significant moderating effects from both personality traits considered.
Estimating dyslexia in the web

In this study we present an estimation of texts containing English dyslexic errors in the Web. A classification of lexical errors is proposed and unique dyslexic errors are distinguished from other kind of errors due to spelling and grammatical errors, typos, OCR errors and errors produced when English is used as a foreign language. A representative sample of each kind of error is used to calculate a lower bound for the prevalence of dyslexia in the English Web. Although dyslexia has been studied in the context of Web accessibility, to the best of our knowledge, an estimation of Web texts containing dyslexic errors was unknown. Our results are useful to tackle future work in Web accessibility among dyslexic users focusing not only in the interface but also in the text content.
Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulation, and Cognitive Style as Predictors of Achievement with Podcast Instruction

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible factors that may affect academic achievement when instruction is delivered via podcast. Seventeen female Communication Sciences and Disorders students participated in this exploratory study conducted in the fall of 2006. Measurements of participants' individual differences on four variables were taken prior to learners experiencing instructional podcasts. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict learner success based on the four predictor variables: self-efficacy for online technologies, academic self-efficacy, academic self-regulation, and cognitive style. Learner success was measured via a pencil and paper, multiple-choice test covering the material delivered via podcast. Of the variables used in this study, only cognitive style was found to be a statistically significant predictor of achievement.
Auxin efflux by PIN-FORMED proteins is activated by two different protein kinases, D6 PROTEIN KINASE and PINOID

The development and morphology of vascular plants is critically determined by synthesis and proper distribution of the phytohormone auxin. The directed cell-to-cell distribution of auxin is achieved through a system of auxin influx and efflux transporters. PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins are proposed auxin efflux transporters, and auxin fluxes can seemingly be predicted based on the—in many cells—asymmetric plasma membrane distribution of PINs. Here, we show in a heterologous Xenopus oocyte system as well as in Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence stems that PIN-mediated auxin transport is directly activated by D6 PROTEIN KINASE (D6PK) and PINOID (PID)/WAG kinases of the Arabidopsis AGCVIII kinase family. At the same time, we reveal that D6PKs and PID have differential phosphosite preferences. Our study suggests that PIN activation by protein kinases is a crucial component of auxin transport control that must be taken into account to understand auxin distribution within the plant. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.02860. 001
Hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles at high relative humidity and their diurnal variations in the North China Plain

The hygroscopic properties of submicron aerosol particles were determined at a suburban site (Wuqing) in the North China Plain among a cluster of cities during the period 17 July to 12 August, 2009. A High Humidity Tandem Dif- ferential Mobility Analyser (HH-TDMA) instrument was ap- plied to measure the hygroscopic growth factor (GF) at 90%, 95% and 98.5% relative humidity (RH) for particles with dry diameters between 50 and 250 nm. The probability distribu- tion of GF (GF-PDF) averaged over the period shows a dis- tinct bimodal pattern, namely, a dominant more-hygroscopic (MH) group and a smaller nearly-hydrophobic (NH) group. The MH group particles were highly hygroscopic, and their GF was relatively constant during the period with average values of 1.54± 0.02, 1.81± 0.04 and 2.45± 0.07 at 90%, 95% and 98.5% RH (D0 = 100 nm), respectively. The NH group particles grew very slightly when exposed to high RH, with GF values of 1.08± 0.02, 1.13± 0.06 and 1.24± 0.13 respectively at 90%, 95% and 98.5% RH (D0 = 100 nm). The hygroscopic growth behaviours at different RHs were well represented by a single-parameter K ¨ ohler model. Thus, the calculation of GF as a function of RH and dry diameter could be facilitated by an empirical parameterization of as function of dry diameter. A strong diurnal pattern in number fraction of different hygroscopic groups was observed. The average number fraction of NH particles during the day was about 8%, while during the nighttime fractions up to 20% were reached. Correspondingly, the state of mixing in terms of water uptake varied significantly during a day. Simula- tions using a particle-resolved aerosol box model (PartMC- MOSAIC) suggest that the diurnal variations of aerosol hy- groscopicity and mixing state were mainly caused by the evo- lution of the atmospheric mixing layer. The shallow noctur- nal boundary layer during the night facilitated the accumu-
Tackling Street Homelessness in Scotland: The Evolution and Impact of the Rough Sleepers Initiative

This article presents a medium–long-term analysis of the policy process in relation to tackling street homelessness in Scotland, through the Rough Sleepers Initiative. After setting the Scottish context in terms of governance and homelessness, the article takes a chronological approach to policy review, drawing on empirical evaluative data and other documentary evidence. The article then considers the overall effectiveness of the initiative in terms of its policy aims and in relation to the broader context of housing and welfare. The article concludes by drawing some lessons that may have relevance beyond Scotland and the United Kingdom.
Applying Contemporary Developmental and Movement Science Theories and Evidence to Early Intervention Practice

Changes in early childhood science, theory, and best practices for improving outcomes of children with motor delay or dysfunction and their families have evolved rapidly since EI began. Changes in daily early intervention (EI) practice have been more elusive. Closing the gap between knowledge and practice requires EI providers to piece together information from a variety of knowledge streams including early childhood special education, pediatric rehabilitation, and cognitive psychology. The purpose of this article is to create a body of shared, evidence-based knowledge among providers responsible for addressing the needs of children with movement disorders and their families to effect changes in practice. This article discusses the evolution of EI practice models for children with motor concerns; examines related theories, interventions, and outcomes; and presents an alternative model based on contemporary evidence and grounded in dynamic systems theory. Researchers describe existing barriers to implementation of family-centered, support-based practices. Recommendations highlight the need for EI providers to collaborate with families to develop meaningful goals and to recognize and create opportunities for children to engage in high volumes of task-specific activity in a meaningful context. Continued research is required to verify effectiveness of this integrated model for improving child and family outcomes.
Promoting development through information technology innovation: The IT artifact, artfulness, and articulation

In this theoretical article the author explores how information technology (IT) innovation can be harnessed to promote the socioeconomic growth of developing nations. Adopting a behavioral perspective, he proposes that effective IT-based societal development requires the learning of a key competency, termed as IT artfulness: the creative or ingenious transformation of work/social practices through the contextually appropriate use of IT tools. The elaboration of this perspective is based on the nature of IT artifacts, and the way meaningful action in IT-based practices is constituted through articulation, which refers to the process by which interpretive schemes shape behavior or perception. Harnessing IT as an effective spur to socioeconomic development is seen to require the modification of relevant interpretive schemes in society that permit: (a) the innovative potential of IT to be recognized, and (b) human and material resources to be skillfully managed to achieve desired changes and heightened welfare. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolic effects of liothyronine therapy in hypothyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of liothyronine versus levothyroxine.

CONTEXT Levothyroxine (L-T(4)) therapy is based on the assumption that the conversion of T(4) into T(3) provides adequate amounts of active hormone at target tissues. However, in rodents, L-T(4) alone does not restore a euthyroid state in all tissues. Previous combination L-T(4)/liothyronine (L-T(3)) therapy trials focused on quality-of-life endpoints, and limited information is available on the effects on other measures of thyroid hormone action. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of thyroid hormone replacement with L-T(4) or L-T(3) at doses producing equivalent normalization of TSH. PARTICIPANTS, DESIGN, AND SETTING Fourteen hypothyroid patients participated in this randomized, double-blind, crossover intervention at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. INTERVENTIONS L-T(3) or L-T(4) were administered thrice daily to achieve a target TSH from 0.5-1.5 mU/liter. Volunteers were studied as inpatients after 6 wk on a stable dose and at the target TSH. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum thyroid hormones, lipid parameters, and indices of glucose metabolism were evaluated. RESULTS No difference was observed in TSH between L-T(3) and L-T(4) treatments. L-T(3) resulted in significant weight loss [L-T(4), 70.6 ± 12.5, vs. L-T(3), 68.5 ± 11.9 kg (P = 0.009)] and in a 10.9 ± 10.0% decrease in total cholesterol (P = 0.002), 13.3 ± 12.1% decrease in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P = 0.002), and an 18.3 ± 28.6% decrease in apolipoprotein B (P = 0.018). No significant differences were observed in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, heart rate, blood pressure, exercise tolerance, or insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The substitution of L-T(3) for L-T(4) at equivalent doses (relative to the pituitary) reduced body weight and resulted in greater thyroid hormone action on the lipid metabolism, without detected differences in cardiovascular function or insulin sensitivity.
Meningococcal infections in Scotland 1972–82

Summary Strains of Neisseria meningitidis isolated from patients with meningitis or septicaemia without meningitis in Scotland during the years 1972–82 have been reviewed together with details of the age, sex, disease and outcome of the patients from whom they were isolated. A total of 1185 strains were isolated, of which 927 were examined at the Meningococcal Reference Laboratory (Scotland): 19·3% were of serogroup A, 63% of group B, 9·6% of group C, 6% of W135 and 1·6% of other groups. Non-groupable strains were rare. Disease was most common in the first years of life but there was a difference in the age distribution of disease due to the different serogroups, the proportion of disease due to group B being smaller in adults than that due to other serogroups. The overall mortality in meningitis was 7·5% and in septicaemia was 20·6%, although there were differences between the rates for the various serogroups. The serogroup distribution differed in disease as opposed to meningococci isolated from carriers although group B strains were predominant in both series. Overall, approximately 15% of strains were resistant to sulphadiazine, the proportion of resistant group A strains being higher than that of other serogroups.