Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing the Exploitation/Exploration Paradox: The Role of a Learning Capability and Innovation Ambidexterity

Some researchers have proposed that practices facilitating learning and knowledge transfer are particularly important to innovation. Some of the practices that researchers have studied include how organizations collaborate with other organizations, how organizations promote learning, and how an organization’s culture facilitates knowledge transfer and learning. And while some have proposed the importance of combining practices, there has been a distinct lack of empirical studies that have explored how these practices work together to facilitate learning and knowledge transfer that leads to the simultaneous achievement of incremental and radical innovation, what we refer to as innovation ambidexterity (IA). Yet, a firm’s ability to combine these practices into a learning capability is an important means of enabling them to foster innovation ambidexterity. In this study, learning capability is defined as the combination of practices that promote intraorganizational learning among employees, partnerships with other organizations that enable the spread of learning, and an open culture within the organization that promotes and maintains sharing of knowledge. This paper examines the impact of this learning capability on innovation ambidexterity and innovation ambidexterity’s effect on business performance. The resource-based view (RBV) of the firm is used to develop a conceptual foundation for combining these practices. This study empirically examines whether these practices constitute a learning capability by analyzing primary data gathered from 214 Taiwanese owned strategic business unit (SBUs) drawn from several industries where innovation is important. The results of this study make four important contributions. First, they demonstrate that the combination of these practices has a greater impact on innovation ambidexterity than any one practice individually or when only two practices are combined. Second, the results demonstrate a relationship between innovation ambidexterity and business performance in the form of revenues, profits, and productivity growth relative to competitors. Third, the results suggest that innovation ambidexterity plays a mediating role between learning capability and business performance. That is, learning capability has an indirect impact on business performance by facilitating innovation ambidexterity that in turn fosters business performance. This study also contributes to our understanding of ambidexterity literature in a non-Western context, i.e., Taiwan.
Nonparametric Regression Approach to Bayesian Estimation

Estimation of unknown parameters and functions involved in complex nonlinear econometric models is a very important issue. Existing estimation methods include generalised method of moments (GMM) by Hansen (1982) and others, efficient method of moments (EMM) by Gallant and Tauchen (1997), Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method by Chernozhukov and Hong (2003), and nonparametric simulated maximum likelihood estimation (NSMLE) method by Creel and Kristensen (2011), and Kristensen and Shin (2012). Except the NSMLE method, other existing methods do not provide closed-form solutions. This paper proposes non- and semi-parametric based closed-form approximations to the estimation and computation of posterior means involved in complex nonlinear econometric models. We first consider the case where the samples can be independently drawn from both the likelihood function and the prior density. The samples and observations are then used to nonparametrically estimate posterior mean functions. The estimation method is also applied to estimate the posterior mean of the parameter-of-interest on a summary statistic. Both the asymptotic theory and the finite sample study show that the nonparametric estimate of this posterior mean is superior to existing estimates, including the conventional sample mean.
Adolescent boys living with HIV.

____________________________________________________ ii DECLARATIONS ________________________________________________ iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ___________________________________________ v CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND TO THIS RESEARCH ________________ 1 1.1 Relevance of this study __________________________________ 1 1.2 An introductory note on ‘hegemonic masculinity’ _____________ 2 1.3 Hegemonic norms and HIV risk ___________________________ 4 1.3. 1. Hegemonic masculinity and positioning _______________ 5 1.3. 2. Young men and risk-taking _________________________ 9 1.3. 3. The ‘biological sex drive’ __________________________ 11 1.3. 4. Visible and compulsory heterosexuality _______________ 15 1.3. 5 The appearance of invulnerability and self-sufficiency ____ 17 1.3. 6. The ‘independent provider’ ideal _____________________ 19 1.3. 7. Control in relationships ____________________________ 21 1.4 Gender-based interventions _______________________________ 21 1.4. 1. Limitations of knowledge-based HIV interventions ______ 25 1.4. 2. Working with young men for change _________________ 27 1.5 Motivations for this research and theory development __________ 30 CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL FORMULATION _____________________ 33 2.
Molecular dissection of B-lymphocyte signalling using expression profiling

Purpose: Bruton’s tyrosine kinase is crucial for B-lymphocyte development. By the use of gene expression proWling, we have iden- tiWed four expressed sequence tags among 38 potential Btk target genes, which have now been characterised. Methods: Bioinformatics tools including data mining of additional unpublished gene expression proWles, sequence veriWcation of PCR products and qualitative RT-PCR were used. Stimulations targeting the B-cell receptor and the protein kinase C were used to activate whole B-cell splenocytes. Results: Target genes were characterised as Lim domain only 7 (Lmo7); Myosin1e (Myo1e); SAM and SH3 domain containing 1 (Sash1); and Mucolipin2 (Mcoln2). Expression was found in cell lines of diVerent origin and developmental stages as well as in whole B-cell splenocytes and Transitional type 1 (T1) splenic B-cells from wild type and Btk-defective mice, respectively. By the use of semi- quantitative RT-PCR we found Sash1 not to be expressed in the investigated haematopoietic cell lines, while transcripts were found in whole splenic B-cells from both wild type and Btk-defective mice, whereas Lmo7, Myo1e, and Mcoln2 were expressed in both B- cell lines and primary B-lymphocytes. Except for Lmo7, the transcript level was similarly aVected by stimulation in control and Btk- defective cells.  2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
EEG biometric identification: a thorough exploration of the time-frequency domain

Objective. Although interest in using electroencephalogram (EEG) activity for subject identification has grown in recent years, the state of the art still lacks a comprehensive exploration of the discriminant information within it. This work aims to fill this gap, and in particular, it focuses on the time-frequency representation of the EEG. Approach. We executed qualitative and quantitative analyses of six publicly available data sets following a sequential experimentation approach. This approach was divided in three blocks analysing the configuration of the power spectrum density, the representation of the data and the properties of the discriminant information. A total of ten experiments were applied. Main results. Results show that EEG information below 40 Hz is unique enough to discriminate across subjects (a maximum of 100 subjects were evaluated here), regardless of the recorded cognitive task or the sensor location. Moreover, the discriminative power of rhythms follows a W-like shape between 1 and 40 Hz, with the central peak located at the posterior rhythm (around 10 Hz). This information is maximized with segments of around 2 s, and it proved to be moderately constant across montages and time. Significance. Therefore, we characterize how EEG activity differs across individuals and detail the optimal conditions to detect subject-specific information. This work helps to clarify the results of previous studies and to solve some unanswered questions. Ultimately, it will serve as guide for the design of future biometric systems.
The Orientation of Jets Relative to Dust Disks in Radio Galaxies

We use Hubble Space Telescope broadband images and VLA and VLBI continuum data to study the three-dimensional orientation of jets relative to nuclear dust disks in 20 radio galaxies. The comparison between the position angles of the jets and those of the dust disk major axes shows a wide distribution, suggesting that they are not aligned preferentially perpendicular to each other. We use a statistical technique to determine the three-dimensional distribution of angles between jets and dust disk rotation axes. This analysis shows that the observations are consistent with jets homogeneously distributed over a large region, extending over polar caps of 55°-77° but seeming to avoid lying close to the plane of the dust disks. We argue that the lack of close alignment between jets and dust disks axes is not likely to be caused by feeding the nucleus with gas from mergers originated from random directions. We suggest that the misalignment can be due to a warping mechanism in the accretion disk, such as self-irradiation instability or the Bardeen-Petterson effect, or that the gravitational potential in the inner regions of the galaxy is misaligned with respect to that of the dust disk.
The long-run behavior of firms' stock returns: Evidence and interpretations

The distribution of long-horizon idiosyncratic returns to individual stocks is strongly asymmetric, in contrast to both the distribution of shorter-horizon returns and the intuition of the Central Limit Theorem. The lower tail of the distribution is much fatter than the upper tail. One reason for this asymmetry is a modest, extremely persistent negative relation between a stock’s return and its future idiosyncratic return volatility. The long-run relation between returns and volatility is driven by two balance-sheet effects that work in opposite directions. One is the leverage effect: a higher asset/equity ratio corresponds to both greater idiosyncratic volatility and greater exposure to common risks. The other appears to be an asset-mix effect. A higher book/market ratio corresponds to both less idiosyncratic volatility and less exposure to common risks. This result is consistent with the idea that book/market is correlated with the proportion of a firm’s assets that are lower-risk assets-in-place instead of higher-risk intangible assets such as growth options. The leverage effect induces a negative relation between returns and volatility, while the asset-mix effect induces a positive relation.
Difficult Cases: From Data to Learning, and Back

This article contributes to the ongoing discussion in the computational linguistics community regarding instances that are difficult to annotate reliably. Is it worthwhile to identify those? What information can be inferred from them regarding the nature of the task? What should be done with them when building supervised machine learning systems? We address these questions in the context of a subjective semantic task. In this setting, we show that the presence of such instances in training data misleads a machine learner into misclassifying clear-cut cases. We also show that considering machine learning outcomes with and without the difficult cases, it is possible to identify specific weaknesses of the problem representation.
First lensing measurements of SZ-detected clusters

We present the first lensing mass measurements of Sunyaev-Ze l’dovich (SZ) selected clusters. Using optical imaging from the Southern Cosmology Survey (SCS), we present weak lensing masses for three clusters selected by their SZ emission in the South Pole Telescope survey (SPT). We confirm that the SZ selection procedure is successf ul in detecting mass concentrations. We also study the weak lensing signals from 38 optically-selected clusters in ≃ 8 square degrees of the SCS survey. We fit Navarro, Frenk and White (NFW) profiles and find that the SZ clusters have amongst the largest masses, as high as 5×10 14 M⊙. Using the best fit masses for all the clusters, we analytically calculate the expecte d SZ integrated Y parameter, which we find to be consistent with the SPT observations.
Electronic cigarettes: product characterisation and design considerations

Objective To review the available evidence regarding electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) product characterisation and design features in order to understand their potential impact on individual users and on public health. Methods Systematic literature searches in 10 reference databases were conducted through October 2013. A total of 14 articles and documents and 16 patents were included in this analysis. Results Numerous disposable and reusable e-cigarette product options exist, representing wide variation in product configuration and component functionality. Common e-cigarette components include an aerosol generator, a flow sensor, a battery and a nicotine-containing solution storage area. e-cigarettes currently include many interchangeable parts, enabling users to modify the character of the delivered aerosol and, therefore, the product's ‘effectiveness’ as a nicotine delivery product. Materials in e-cigarettes may include metals, rubber and ceramics. Some materials may be aerosolised and have adverse health effects. Several studies have described significant performance variability across and within e-cigarette brands. Patent applications include novel product features designed to influence aerosol properties and e-cigarette efficiency at delivering nicotine. Conclusions Although e-cigarettes share a basic design, engineering variations and user modifications result in differences in nicotine delivery and potential product risks. e-cigarette aerosols may include harmful and potentially harmful constituents. Battery explosions and the risks of exposure to the e-liquid (especially for children) are also concerns. Additional research will enhance the current understanding of basic e-cigarette design and operation, aerosol production and processing, and functionality. A standardised e-cigarette testing regime should be developed to allow product comparisons.
Psychological situations illuminate the meaning of human behavior: Recent advances and application to social influence processes

Psychologists have long sought to understand how people experience, think, and communicate about situations. Psychology's protracted journey toward understanding psychological situations recently took a momentous turn toward more rigorous conceptualization and measurement of situational characteristics along multiple dimensions. We provide a selective review of recent developments in research on psychological situations and highlight the value that these recent contributions deliver for researchers interested in human cognition, emotion, and behavior. We illustrate this value with an application of insights and instruments from the CAPTION and DIAMONDS models to social influence processes in groups. Specifically, we demonstrate how utilizing validated multidimensional scales of situational characteristics can illuminate the psychological meaning of brokering behaviors. We conclude by discussing current challenges and promising future directions for research on psychological situations.
Factors associated with women's risk of rape in the military environment.

BACKGROUND Health hazards specific to women workers have not been adequately documented. This study assessed military environmental factors associated with rape occurring during military service, while controlling for pre-military trauma experiences. METHODS A national cross-sectional survey of 558 women veterans serving in Vietnam or in subsequent eras was obtained through structured telephone interviews. RESULTS Rape was reported by 30% (n = 151) of participants, with consistent rates found across eras [corrected]. Military environmental factors were associated with increased likelihood of rape, including: sexual harassment allowed by officers (P < 0.0001), unwanted sexual advances on-duty (P < 0.0001) and in sleeping quarters (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Violence towards military women has identifiable risk factors. Work and living environments where unwanted sexual behaviors occurred were associated with increased odds of rape. Officer leadership played an important role in the military environment and safety of women. Assailant alcohol and/or drug abuse at time of rape was notable. Interventions and policies based on modifiable environmental risk factors are needed to increase protection for women in the workplace.
Lymphodepletion followed by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) causes significantly more acute graft-versus-host disease than DLI alone.

Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) can produce lasting remissions in patients with relapsed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but are less effective in non-CML diseases. We hypothesized that lymphodepletion, achieved with cyclophosphamide (Cy) and fludarabine (Flu), would promote in vivo expansion of the infused lymphocytes enhancing their immunologic effects. Fifteen patients with relapsed non-CML disease who received Cy/Flu/DLI were compared with 63 controls who received DLI without chemotherapy. Only the patients receiving Cy/Flu/DLI became lymphopenic at the time of DLI. Compared with controls, patients who received Cy/Flu/DLI developed significantly more grades II to IV (60% vs 24%, P = .01) and grades III to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (47% vs 14%, P = .01) with greater GVHD lethality. In Cy/Flu/DLI patients, T-cell proliferation was elevated at 14 days after DLI. Although these data suggest that chemotherapy-induced lymphodepletion enhances activation of donor lymphocytes, the toxicity needs to be managed before testing whether better disease control can be achieved. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as no. NCT00303693 and www.cancer. gov/clinicaltrials as no. NCT00167180.
Rat cytochromes P450 oxidize 3-aminobenzanthrone, a human metabolite of the carcinogenic environmental pollutant 3-nitrobenzanthrone

Rat cytochromes P450 oxidize 3-aminobenzanthrone, a human metabolite of the carcinogenic environmental pollutant 3-nitrobenzanthrone 3-Aminobenzanthrone (3-ABA) is a human metabolite of carcinogenic 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA), which occurs in diesel exhaust and air pollution. Understanding which cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are involved in metabolic activation and/or detoxication of this toxicant is important in the assessment of an individual's susceptibility to this substance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of rat hepatic CYPs to oxidize 3-ABA and to examine the metabolites formed during such an oxidation. The metabolites formed by CYPs in rat hepatic microsomes were separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 3-ABA is oxidized by these enzymes to three metabolites, which were separated by HPLC as distinguish product peaks. Using co-chromatography with synthetic standards, two of them were identified to be oxidative metabolites of 3-ABA, N-hydroxy-3-ABA and 3-NBA. The structure of another 3-ABA metabolite remains to be characterized. To define the role of rat hepatic CYP enzymes in metabolism of 3-ABA, we investigated the modulation of its oxidation using different inducers of CYPs for treatment of rats to enrich the liver microsomes with individual CYPs. Based on these studies, we attribute most of 3-ABA oxidation in rat hepatic microsomes to CYP2B, followed by CYP1A, although a role of other hepatic CYPs cannot be ruled out. Inhibition of 3-ABA oxidation by selective inhibitors of individual CYPs, supported this finding.
Integrin β1 Increases Stem Cell Survival and Cardiac Function after Myocardial Infarction

Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for myocardial infarction (MI), but its application is limited by poor viability of BMSCs. In this study, we aimed to improve the survival of BMSCs by lentivirus vector mediated overexpression of integrin β1. In vitro study showed that integrin β1 overexpression could facilitate the proliferation of BMSCs under oxygen glucose deprivation condition and regulated the expression of Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, FAK, and ILK in BMSCs. Next, MI was induced in rat model and Igtb1BMSCs, NullBMSCs, or NatBMSCs were transplanted by intramyocardial injection. One week later, the survival of BMSCs was higher in Itgb1 BMSCs group than in other groups. Four weeks after transplantation, heart function was significantly improved in Igtb1BMSCs group compared to other groups. The expression levels of Caspase-3 and Bax were decreased while the expression levels of Bcl-2, FAK, ILK, and VEGF were increased in the cardiomyocytes of Igtb1BMSCs group compared to other groups. In conclusion, integrin β1 overexpression could increase the survival of BMSCs and improve the efficacy of transplanted BMSCs for MI treatment. The beneficial effects may be mediated by inhibiting the apoptosis of both transplanted BMSCs and cardiomyocytes through adhesion-mediated cell survival signaling.
Relationship between Maternal Immunological Response during Pregnancy and Onset of Preeclampsia

Maternofetal immune tolerance is essential to maintain pregnancy. The maternal immunological tolerance to the semiallogeneic fetus becomes greater in egg donation pregnancies with unrelated donors as the complete fetal genome is allogeneic to the mother. Instead of being rejected, the allogeneic fetus is tolerated by the pregnant woman in egg donation pregnancies. It has been reported that maternal morbidity during egg donation pregnancies is higher as compared with spontaneous or in vitro fertilization pregnancies. Particularly, egg donation pregnancies are associated with a higher incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension and placental pathology. Preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific disease characterized by the development of both hypertension and proteinuria, remains the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The aim of this review is to characterize and relate the maternofetal immunological tolerance phenomenon during pregnancies with a semiallogenic fetus, which are the spontaneously conceived pregnancies and in vitro fertilization pregnancies, and those with an allogeneic fetus or egg donation pregnancies. Maternofetal immune tolerance in uncomplicated pregnancies and pathological pregnancies, such as those with preeclampsia, has also been assessed. Moreover, whether an inadequate maternal immunological response to the allogenic fetus could lead to a higher prevalence of preeclampsia in egg donation pregnancies has been addressed.
Parallel matrix factorization for low-rank tensor completion

Higher-order low-rank tensors naturally arise in many applications including hyperspectral data recovery, video inpainting, seismic data reconstruction, and so on. We propose a new model to recover a low-rank tensor by simultaneously performing low-rank matrix factorizations to the all-mode matricizations of the underlying tensor. An alternating minimization algorithm is applied to solve the model, along with two adaptive rank-adjusting strategies when the exact rank is not known. Phase transition plots reveal that our algorithm can recover a variety of synthetic low-rank tensors from significantly fewer samples than the compared methods, which include a matrix completion method applied to tensor recovery and two state-of-the-art tensor completion methods. Further tests on real-world data show similar advantages. Although our model is non-convex, our algorithm performs consistently throughout the tests and gives better results than the compared methods, some of which are based on convex models. In addition, subsequence convergence of our algorithm can be established in the sense that any limit point of the iterates satisfies the KKT condtions.