Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Heuristic Functions from Relaxed Plans

We present a novel approach to learning heuristic functions for AI planning domains. Given a state, we view a relaxed plan (RP) found from that state as a relational database, which includes the current state and goal facts, the actions in the RP, and the actions' add and delete lists. We represent heuristic functions as linear combinations of generic features of the database, selecting features and weights using training data from solved problems in the target planning domain. Many recent competitive planners use RP-based heuristics, but focus exclusively on the length of the RP, ignoring other RP features. Since RP construction ignores delete lists, for many domains, RP length dramatically under-estimates the distance to a goal, providing poor guidance. By using features that depend on deleted facts and other RP properties, our learned heuristics can potentially capture patterns that describe where such under-estimation occurs. Experiments in the STRIPS domains of IPC 3 and 4 show that best-first search using the learned heuristic can outperform FF (Hoffmann & Nebel 2001), which provided our training data, and frequently outperforms the top performances in IPC 4.
Prospective Study To Determine Accuracy of Rapid Serological Assays for Diagnosis of Acute Dengue Virus Infection in Laos

ABSTRACT There is an urgent need for accurate and simple dengue virus infection diagnostic assays in limited-resource settings of dengue endemicity, to assist patient management. Using a panel of reference samples (S. D. Blacksell, P. N. Newton, D. Bell, J. Kelley, M. P. Mammen, D. W. Vaughn, V. Wuthiekanun, A. Sungkakum, A. Nisalak, and N. P. Day, Clin. Infect. Dis. 42:1127-1134, 2006), we recently evaluated eihgt commercially available immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) designed to detect dengue virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and/or IgG. We found that 6/8 RDTs had sensitivities of less than 50% (range, 6 to 65%), but specificities were generally high. Here, in conjuction with dengue virus serotyping by reverse transcriptase PCR and in the limited-resource setting of Laos, where dengue virus is endemic, we evaluated the same eight RDTs against a previously validated dengue IgM/IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of acute dengue virus infection. Paired serum samples were collected from 87 patients, of whom 38 had confirmed dengue virus infections (4 had primary infections, 33 had secondary infections, and 1 had an infection of indeterminate status). RDT sensitivity was low, with 7/8 RDTs having admission sample sensitivities of less than 20% (range, 4 to 26%). The majority (6/8) of the RDTs, demonstrated high specificity (>95%). Kappa statistic values ranged from 6 to 54% for the RDTs, demonstrating poor to moderate variation between three operators. No RDT adequately differentiated between primary and secondary dengue virus infections. The findings of this study suggest that currently available RDTs based on the detection of IgM antibodies for the diagnosis of acute dengue virus infections are unlikely to be useful for patient management.
Bracken Basic Concept Scale

The Bracken Basic Concept Scale (BBGS) was developed by Bruce A. Bracken, who is currently professor of School Psychology at Memphis State University. Bracken is well known for his research and writing in the area of intellectual assessment, with special emphasis on testdevelopment, interpretation, andvalidation. In addition, Bracken hasbeen the editorof the Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment since 1984.
Web Mining Techniques in E-Commerce Applications

ABSTRACT Today web is the best medium of communication in modern business. Many companies are redefining their business strategies to improve the business output. Business over internet provides the opportunity to customers and partners where their products and specific business can be found. Nowadays online business breaks the barrier of time and space as compared to the physical office. Big companies around the world are realizing that e-commerce is not just buying and selling over Internet, rather it improves the efficiency to compete with other giants in the market. For this purpose data mining sometimes called as knowledge discovery is used. Web mining is data mining technique that is applied to the WWW. There are vast quantities of information available over the Internet. General Terms Data mining techniques, e-commerce applications and web mining. Keywords Electronic commerce, data mining, web mining.
Adopting the entrepreneurial process in the study of information systems and small business

This document suggests the adoption of the Theory of Entrepreneurship by researchers who investigate the use of information systems by small businesses. The majority of existing research into this area tends to adopt results determined from investigations of larger businesses. Thus, the uniqueness of small business is not considered. Concepts such as strategic orientation, decision-making, and resource poverty contribute to the unique situation and approach taken by small business managers. The Theory of Entrepreneurship responds to these concepts. The framework suggests that organizations evolve and that entrepreneurs throughout this evolution face various challenges. The components of the Theory of Entrepreneurship are described here, in concert with the challenge to researchers to consider adopting this framework when conducting investigations into how information systems may be employed to support small business.
Gustatory neural coding in the monkey cortex: stimulus quality.

1. Extracellular action potentials were recorded from 50 single neurons in the insular-opercular cortex of two alert cynomolgus monkeys during gustatory stimulation of the tongue and palate. 2. Sixteen stimuli, including salts, sugars, acids, alkaloids, monosodium glutamate, and aspartame, were chosen to represent a wide range of taste qualities. Concentrations were selected to elicit a moderate gustatory response, as determined by reference to previous electrophysiological data or to the human psychophysical literature. 3. The cortical region over which taste-evoked activity could be recorded included the frontal operculum and anterior insula, an area of approximately 75 mm3. Taste-responsive cells constituted 50 (2.7%) of the 1,863 neurons tested. Nongustatory cells responded to mouth movement (20.7%), somatosensory stimulation of the tongue (9.6%), stimulus approach or anticipation (1.7%), and tongue extension (0.6%). The sensitivities of 64.6% of these cortical neurons could not be identified by our stimulation techniques. 4. Taste cells had low spontaneous activity levels (3.7 +/- 3.0 spikes/s, mean +/- SD) and showed little inhibition. They were moderately broadly tuned, with a mean entropy coefficient of 0.76 +/- 0.17. Excitatory responses were typically not robust. 5. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to determine whether neurons could be divided into discrete types, as defined by their response profiles to the entire stimulus array. There was an apparent division of response profiles into four general categories, with primary sensitivities to sodium (n = 18), glucose (n = 15), quinine (n = 12), and acid (n = 5). However, these categories were not statistically independent. Therefore the notion of functionally distinct neuron types was not supported by an analysis of the distribution of response profiles. It was the case, however, that neurons in the sodium category could be distinguished from other neurons by their relative specificity. 6. The similarity among the taste qualities represented by this stimulus array was assessed by calculating correlations between the activity profiles they elicited from these 50 neurons. The results generally confirmed expectations derived from human psychophysical studies. In a multidimensional representation of stimulus similarity, there were groups that contained acids, sodium salts, and chemicals that humans label bitter and sweet. 7. The small proportion of insular-opercular neurons that are taste sensitive and the low discharge rates that taste stimuli are able to evoke from them suggest a wider role for this cortical area than just gustatory coding. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Item-specific Training Reduces Prefrontal Cortical Involvement in Perceptual Awareness

Previous studies on the neural correlates of perceptual awareness implicate sensory-specific regions and higher cortical regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in this process. The specific role of PFC regions is, however, unknown. PFC activity could be bottom-up driven, integrating signals from sensory regions. Alternatively, PFC regions could serve more active top-down processes that help to define the content of consciousness. To compare these alternative views of PFC function, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and measured brain activity specifically related to conscious perception of items that varied in ease of identification (by being presented 0, 12, or 60 times previously). A bottom-up account predicts that PFC activity would be largely insensitive to stimulus difficulty, whereas a top-down account predicts reduced PFC activity as identification becomes easier. The results supported the latter prediction by showing reduced activity for previously presented compared to novel items in the PFC and several other regions. This was further confirmed by a functional connectivity analysis showing that the interaction between frontal and visual sensory regions declined as a function of ease of identification. Given the attribution of top-down processing to PFC regions in combination with the marked decline in PFC activity for easy items, these findings challenge the prevailing notion that the PFC is necessary for consciousness.
WHAT NOW? WHAT NEXT? A NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION AND COLLEGE STUDENT RETENTION

OF DISSERTATION Jason Matthews Martin The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2011 WHAT NOW? WHAT NEXT? A NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION AND COLLEGE STUDENT RETENTION __________________________________ ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION __________________________________OF DISSERTATION __________________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Communications and Information Studies at the University of Kentucky By Jason Matthews Martin
Foreign direct investment motivations and knowledge acquisition from MNEs in overseas subsidiaries

Despite studies exploring factors affecting knowledge acquisition from multinational enterprises in subsidiaries, what accounts for a successful acquisition is unresolved. We argue that such disparity may stem from inattention to investment motivations of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in foreign markets and to the fact that learning patterns of subsidiaries can be influenced by foreign firms' market-seeking or efficiency-seeking behaviors. We find that absorptive capacity in learning organizations and daily interactions with knowledge possessors are essential to learning from parent firms. In addition, active support from parent firms is particularly crucial for subsidiaries seeking to improve operational efficiency of MNEs. We also suggest that potential absorptive capacity plays a catalyst role in initiating knowledge acquisition, particularly in cases where MNEs have market-seeking motivations. Copyright © 2014 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Resume Meme si des etudes explorent les facteurs influencant l'acquisition, dans les filiales, des connaissances issues des entreprises multinationales, les elements qui temoignent d'une acquisition reussis restent meconnus. D'apres cette etude, une telle disparite serait attribuable a l'inattention accordee aux motivations d'investissements des multinationales (MNEs) dans les marches etrangers et au fait que les patrons d'apprentissage des filiales peuvent etre influences par la quete du marche ou par des comportements en quete d'efficacite. Les resultats revelent que dans les organismes d'apprentissage, le pouvoir d'absorption et les interactions quotidiennes avec les depositaires de la connaissance sont essentiels a l'apprentissage des firmes parentes. Par ailleurs, le soutien actif des firmes parentes est d'une importance capitale pour les filiales qui souhaitent ameliorer l'efficacite operationnelle des MNEs. Enfin, le pouvoir d'absorption potentiel joue un role catalyseur dans la mise en route du processus d'acquisition des connaissances et, particulierement, dans les situations ou les MNEs sont en quete de marche. Copyright © 2014 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable LPV realization of parametric transfer functions and its application to gain-scheduling control design

The paper deals with the LPV stabilizability problem for linear plants whose parameters vary with time in a compact set. First, necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a linear gain-scheduled stabilizing compensator are given. Next, it is shown that, if these conditions are satisfied, any compensator transfer function depending on the plant parameters and internally stabilizing the closed-loop control system when the plant parameters are constant, can be realized in such a way that the closed-loop asymptotic stability is guaranteed under arbitrary parameter variations. To find one such realization, a reasonably simple and general algorithm based on Lyapunov equations and Cholesky factorization is provided. The result can profitably be used to achieve both pointwise optimality (or pole placement) and LPV stability. Some potential applications in adaptive control and online tuning are pointed out.
Bounded color multiplicity graph isomorphism is in the #L hierarchy

In this paper we study the complexity of bounded color multiplicity graph isomorphism BCGI/sub b/: the input is a pair of vertex-colored graphs such that the number of vertices of a given color in an input graph is bounded by b. We show that BCGI/sub b/ is in the #L hierarchy (more precisely, the Mod/sub k/L hierarchy for some constant k depending on b). Combined with the fact that bounded color multiplicity graph isomorphism is logspace many-one hard for every set in the Mod/sub k/L hierarchy for any constant k, we get a tight classification of the problem using logspace-bounded counting classes.
Computer-Assisted Text Analysis for Comparative Politics

Recent advances in research tools for the systematic analysis of textual data are enabling exciting new research throughout the social sciences. For comparative politics, scholars who are often interested in non-English and possibly multilingual textual datasets, these advances may be difficult to access. This article discusses practical issues that arise in the processing, management, translation, and analysis of textual data with a particular focus on how procedures differ across languages. These procedures are combined in two applied examples of automated text analysis using the recently introduced Structural Topic Model. We also show how the model can be used to analyze data that have been translated into a single language via machine translation tools. All the methods we describe here are implemented in open-source software packages available from the authors.
Proactive Screening for Health Needs in United Way's 2-1-1 Information and Referral Service

ABSTRACT Cancer disproportionately affects the underserved. United Way 2-1-1 is an information and referral system that links underserved populations to community services. This study explores the feasibility of integrating proactive screening and referral to health services into 2-1-1. A cancer risk assessment was administered to callers (n = 297), measuring their need for 6 cancer control services. A subset of respondents was randomized to receive generic or tailored referrals to needed services. Nearly all participants (85%) needed at least one of the services. Those who received tailored referrals were more likely to make appointments. Future research will explore approaches to address and eliminate health disparities through 2-1-1.
Protoconcursus: The Concourse Theory of Communication

Communication is ubiquitous, intrinsically subjective, and schematical in structure and function. A universe of statements for any situation or context is called a concourse, and refers to conversational and not merely informational possibilities, and is arrived at empirically for every concept, every declarative statement, every wish, every object in nature when viewed subjectively, etc. Q samples drawn from concourse are administered as Q sorts, which are factor analyzed and interpreted, leading to understanding. An example is provided of a concourse around the statement "It is raining," and demonstrates that schemata, . made operant by Q factors, and not message systems, are key factors in communication. Discussion focuses on applications in the physical and social sciences and humanities, and on implications for problems in a variety of areas.
Equality in the Division of Household Labor: A Comparative Study of Jewish Women and Arab Muslim Women in Israel

In this study, the author compared perceptions of gender-based equality in the division of household labor among Jewish women (n = 60) and Arab Muslim women (n = 62) from dual-earner families in Israel. Guided by theories regarding the division of household labor, the author also explored the impact of 3 sets of variables—resources, gender-role attitudes, and job flexibility (flextime)—on perceived equality in the division of household labor. The findings revealed that the Jewish women tended to perceive the division of household labor as more egalitarian than did their Arab Muslim counterparts. Furthermore, the Jewish women had more egalitarian gender-role attitudes and more job flexibility than did the Arab Muslim women. However, all 3 sets of variables predicted perceived equality in the division of household labor to the same extent for both groups of women. Moreover, for both groups, education level correlated with attitudes toward household labor and with extent of job flexibility. Overall, the findings suggest that education may contribute to improving women's quality of life in both traditional and modern sociocultural contexts.
Social Issues in Sport

Selected Contents: Part I: Studying Sport in Society Chapter 1. What Is Sport and Why Do We Study It? Part II: Scope and Effect of Sport on Society Chapter 3. Participants Versus Spectators Chapter 5. Media and Sport Part III: Sport As an Institution Chapter 7. Interscholastic and Intercollegiate Sport Chapter 9. Olympic Movement Part IV: Sport and Culture Chapter 11. Race, Ethnicity, and Sport Chapter 13. Social Class and Sport Chapter 15. Religion and Sport Chapter 17. Development Through Sport Chapter 19. Coaching Sport Chapter 20. Future Trends in Sport.
Upscale integration of normalized difference vegetation index: the problem of spatial heterogeneity

The correspondence between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) calculated from average reflectances, M/sub NDVI/, and NDVI integrated from individual NDVIs, I/sub NDVI/, by simulating AVHRR data from high spatial resolution SPOT 1 Haute Resolution Visible radiometer and Landsat Thematic Mapper data is analyzed. For the considered sites, located in tropical West Africa and temperate France, and the scales analyzed, 300-1000 m, a strong correlation exists between the two types of index. The relationship is almost perfectly linear, with a slope depending slightly on the variability of the vegetation cover. Effecting the scale change using M/sub NDVI/ instead of I/sub NDVI/ does not introduce significant errors. >
Occurrence of Malassezia spp. in horses and domestic ruminants

Summary. During a study on the occurrence of Malassezia spp. in 112 animals (50 horses, 25 goats, 25 sheep and 12 cows), Malassezia spp. were isolated from 60% of horses, 28% of sheep, 44% of goats and 58% of cows. In these animals, the occurrence of lipid‐dependent species (42%) was much greater than the occurrence observed for M. pachydermatis (3%). Among the results obtained, we point out the first isolation of M. sympodialis, M. globosa and M. restricta from sheep, M. pachydermatis, M. furfur, M. sympodialis, M. obtusa, M. globosa and M. restricta from goats and M. furfur, M. slooffiae, M. obtusa, M. globosa and M. restricta from horses. To the authors' knowledge, this survey also states the first description of the presence of M. restricta in animals.
The Reliability and Validity of Ideational Originality in the Divergent Thinking of Academically Gifted and Nongifted Children

Divergent thinking tests are probably the most commonly employed measures of creative potential and have demonstrated adequate psychometric properties with many populations. Recently, however, a partial correlation evaluation revealed that the indices drawn from divergent thinking tests are highly redundant. That is, in the nongifted population, ideational “originality” and “flexibility” were seriously confounded by ideational “fluency,” and hence were not reliable indices of divergent thinking. Because the ideation of gifted individuals is qualitatively and quantitatively different from that of nongifted individuals, the present investigation utilized partial correlation procedures in order to compare the reliability of ideational originality in academically gifted and nongifted intermediate school children (N = 225). The results indicated that the divergent thinking interitem and intertest correlations of the gifted children were significantly larger than those of the nongifted children. Still, ideational originality was adequately reliable after fluency was controlled only in the figural (nonverbal) divergent thinking tests.
Effect of magnetic fields on cryptochrome-dependent responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

The scientific literature describing the effects of weak magnetic fields on living systems contains a plethora of contradictory reports, few successful independent replication studies and a dearth of plausible biophysical interaction mechanisms. Most such investigations have been unsystematic, devoid of testable theoretical predictions and, ultimately, unconvincing. A recent study, of magnetic responses in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, however, stands out; it has a clear hypothesis—that seedling growth is magnetically sensitive as a result of photoinduced radical-pair reactions in cryptochrome photoreceptors—tested by measuring several cryptochrome-dependent responses, all of which proved to be enhanced in a magnetic field of intensity 500 μT. The potential importance of this study in the debate on putative effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on human health prompted us to subject it to the ‘gold standard’ of independent replication. With experimental conditions chosen to match those of the original study, we have measured hypocotyl lengths and anthocyanin accumulation for Arabidopsis seedlings grown in a 500 μT magnetic field, with simultaneous control experiments at 50 μT. Additionally, we have determined hypocotyl lengths of plants grown in 50 μT, 1 mT and approximately 100 mT magnetic fields (with zero-field controls), measured gene (CHS, HY5 and GST) expression levels, investigated blue-light intensity effects and explored the influence of sucrose in the growth medium. In no case were consistent, statistically significant magnetic field responses detected.