Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining relationships of intimate partner violence and food insecurity with HIV-related risk factors among young pregnant Liberian women

ABSTRACT Gender inequities place women at an increased risk for HIV acquisition, and this association may particularly disenfranchize young pregnant women. Intimate partner violence (IPV) and food insecurity may contribute to gender differences in power, thereby influencing HIV disparities between women and men. Factors influencing gender disparities in HIV are unique and country-specific within sub-Saharan Africa, yet these factors are understudied among women in Liberia. This paper sought to examine the unique contributions and intersections of intimate partner violence (IPV) and food insecurity with HIV-related risk factors among young pregnant women in Liberia. Between March 2016 and August 2016, cross-sectional data collected from 195 women aged 18–30, residing in Monrovia, Liberia who were receiving prenatal services were used to examine the independent and interaction effects of IPV and food insecurity on HIV-related risk factors (i.e., sexual partner concurrency, economically-motivated relationships). IPV (31.3%) and food insecurity (47.7%) were prevalent. Young women who experience IPV are more likely to report food insecurity (p < 0.05). Young women who experienced IPV and food insecurity were more likely to start a new relationship for economic support (ps < 0.05). Young women who experience IPV and food insecurity were more likely to report engaging in transactional sex (ps < 0.05). There were no significant interaction effects between IPV and food insecurity (ps > 0.05). IPV and food insecurity each uniquely heighten young Liberian women’s vulnerability to HIV. Intervention and policy efforts are need to promote and empower women’s sexual health through integrated sexual and reproductive health services, and reduce IPV and food insecurity among pregnant Liberian women.
Angiopoietin-like-4 and minimal change disease

Background Minimal Change Disease (MCD) is the most common type of nephrotic syndrome in children. Angiopoietin-like-4 (Angplt4) has been proposed as mediator of proteinuria in MCD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Angptl4 as a biomarker in MCD. Methods Patients with biopsy-proven primary MCD, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy (60, 52 and 52 respectively) and 18 control subjects had urinary and serum Angptl4 measured by Elisa. Frozen kidney tissue sections were stained for Angptl4. Results Angptl4 was not identified in glomeruli of MCD patients in relapse. Urinary Angptl4 levels were elevated in MCD in relapse as well as in patients with massive proteinuria due to other glomerular diseases. Conclusion Neither serum nor urine Angptl4 appear to be good biomarkers in MCD. Elevated urinary Angptl4 n glomerular disease appears to reflect the degree of proteinuria rather than any specific disease.
Anemia-related hemogram, uterine artery pulsatility index, and blood pressure for the effects of Four-Agents-Decoction (Si Wu Tang) in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

OBJECTIVES We previously reported pain intensity as the primary outcome of Four-Agents-Decoction (Si Wu Tang) for treating primary dysmenorrhea. We further explored other effects of this formula in accordance with the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine on anemia-related hemogram parameters for "nourishing blood" and uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) for "blood stagnation. " DESIGN Data were assessed for post-hoc analysis from 76 young women from the Taipei metropolitan area of Taiwan who participated in the randomized double-blind clinical trial. Analysis of variance and t test were used to examine the treatment effect between and within the Four-Agents-Decoction and placebo groups. OUTCOME MEASURES In addition to pain intensity, anemia-related hemogram parameters, uterine artery PI, menstruation characteristics, and blood pressure were compared. RESULTS Compared to placebo, biochemical indicators for anemic status did not change differently after the treatment with Four-Agents-Decoction (Si Wu Tang). The changes in uterine artery PI, menstrual pain intensity, and blood pressure were statistically greater in the active treatment group than in the placebo group. In the 25 women receiving ultrasound examination on the same menstruation day, the directions of the changes in both PI and in visual analog scale (VAS) pain intensity aligned well. The changes in the left PI, right PI, and VAS pain intensity in the Four-Agents-Decoction group were -0.391 +/- 0.861, -0.344 +/- 1.03, and -0.251 +/- 2.02 cm; those in the placebo group were 0.208 +/- 1.10, 0.372 +/- 1.06, and 0.438 +/- 2.98 cm, respectively. Inversely, the changes in blood pressure were 11.4 +/- 10.5 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure and 8.36 +/- 8.65 mm Hg for diastolic pressure for the Four-Agents-Decoction group and 6.36 +/- 8.66 and 2.91 +/- 11.2 mm Hg, respectively, for the placebo group. The directions of the changes did not shift, nor did the values change drastically, after adjusting for the level at screening cycle. CONCLUSIONS The anemia status evaluated in conventional medicine does not readily explain the effect of "nourishing blood" by Four-Agents-Decoction (Si Wu Tang) from this exploratory study. Although we did not find strong statistical significance of treatment effect, the decreased PI and extra blood pressure elevation may indicate an improvement of "blood stagnation" in the Four-Agents-Decoction group. The added information warrants a further larger clinical trial with an increased power to enhance our understanding of the efficacy, the dose-response relationship, and the mode of action of this ancient formula for treating primary dysmenorrhea.
Beyond Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules

In this survey, we shall be concerned with the category of finite-dimensional representations of the untwisted quantum affine algebras when the quantum parameter q is not a root of unity. We review the foundational results of the subject, including the Drinfeld presentation, the classification of simple representations and q-characters. We then concentrate on particular families of irreducible representations whose structure has recently been understood: Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules, minimal affinizations and beyond.
An Overview of Outpatient Treatment of Adolescent Substance Abuse

This paper reviews the literature on ambulatory substance abuse treatment for adolescents, including brief intervention, Twelve-Step-based outpatient treatment, family-based treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, and pharmacologic treatment. An overview of socially and culturally specific strategies is also included. The diversity of settings and approaches and combinations of approaches in the treatment of adolescents is emphasized as are adaptations of Twelve-Step and other group based interventions. Family-based and multisystem therapy, adapted for substance using adolescents, is highlighted as a promising future direction of effective treatment.
The Intellectual Structure of Supply Chain Management

Supply chain management (SCM) has developed more than 30 years. However, few studies explore intellectual structure of SCM. The purpose of this study is to examine the intellectual structure of SCM through co-citation method. Data was collected from Web of Science online database. A total of 4,033 articles and 117,984 references were identified. Authors’ productivity and 41 highly cited/value articles were extracted by using a citation and document co-citation analysis. Using cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling (MDS), we identified four key issues of supply chain management researches: sustainable SCM (SSCM), strategic competition, value of information, and development of SCM where SSCM is an emerging area. Results in this paper are also compared with the previous studies, to show the shift in intellectual structure of SCM. The contribution of this study is to provide core knowledge for both researchers and practitioners to understand the aspects of SCM.
Efficient Experimental Design for Measuring Magnetic Susceptibility of Arbitrarily Shaped Materials by MRI

Magnetic susceptibility represents the degree of magnetization of a material in an applied magnetic field. It is a critical material parameter in MRI because difference of magnetic susceptibility between neighboring materials causes inhomogeneity of magnetic field, that causes distortion and signal loss in MR imaging. To predict the object-induced magnetic field inhomogeneity and devise appropriate compensation strategies, magnetic susceptibility of materials must be known (1). The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a simple and efficient way to measure the magnetic susceptibility of solid or liquid materials using MRI. There are several existing methods for measuring magnetic susceptibility by dedicated magnetometers or MRI. For the former, a SQUID (Superconducting QUantum This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received: April 5, 2018 Revised: July 25, 2018 Accepted: August 17, 2018
Intensive Gait Treatment Using a Robot Suit Hybrid Assistive Limb in Acute Spinal Cord Infarction: Report of Two Cases

Context: Spinal cord infarction (SCI) causes gait disturbance because of paresis, spasticity, and sensory disturbance of the lower limbs. There is no effective medical treatment for SCI, and conventional rehabilitation alone is the main approach to helping individuals work toward independent walking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gait treatment using the Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) on acute SCI. Findings: A 61-year-old female and a 62-year-old male with incomplete paraplegia participated in this study. Our study participants received gait treatment with HAL 3–4 times per week, with a total of 7–8 sessions (20 min), in addition to conventional physical therapy. The American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale, Lower Extremity Motor Score (LEMS), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI II), comfortable gait speed (CGS), stride, cadence, Barthel Index (BI), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), joint angles, and adverse effects were assessed prior to HAL treatment and post-HAL treatment. HAL facilitated intensive gait treatment in people during the acute phase after SCI. Improvements in LEMS, WISCI II, CGS, stride, cadence, BI, FIM, mRS, and joint angles were observed in both study participants. Furthermore, decreased spasticity in the gastrocnemius muscle was found in one participant as assessed by MAS. Conclusion: Gait treatment using HAL may be beneficial for paraplegic, non-ambulatory individuals with acute SCI. HAL may be useful for intensive gait treatment without increasing spasticity.
BER Analysis for Equal Gain Transmission in Downlink Multiuser MIMO Systems

In this letter, we derive the bit error rate (BER) performance of a multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system using equal gain transmission (EGT) precoding. Considering binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, we analyze and propose a statistical model based on the Nakagami distribution for the interference terms involved in the received signals. The precision of our model is compared with the common Gaussian approximation and validated through simulation results. A closed-form BER expression is derived as a function of the number of transmit antennas for arbitrary Eb/N0.
Engineering a cache-oblivious sorting algorithm

This paper is an algorithmic engineering study of cache-oblivious sorting. We investigate by empirical methods a number of implementation issues and parameter choices for the cache-oblivious sorting algorithm Lazy Funnelsort and compare the final algorithm with Quicksort, the established standard for comparison-based sorting, as well as with recent cache-aware proposals. The main result is a carefully implemented cache-oblivious sorting algorithm, which, our experiments show, can be faster than the best Quicksort implementation we are able to find for input sizes well within the limits of RAM. It is also at least as fast as the recent cache-aware implementations included in the test. On disk, the difference is even more pronounced regarding Quicksort and the cache-aware algorithms, whereas the algorithm is slower than a careful implementation of multiway Mergesort, such as TPIE.
Perseverance of direct bandgap in multilayer 2D PbI2 under an experimental strain up to 7.69%

The two-dimensional (2D) materials are naturally suitable for various flexible 2D optoelectronic devices, in which the direct band gap perseverance is crucial because the flexibility deformations often cause a bandgap transition and thus break performance of the devices. Most of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) materials such as monolayer MoS2, WS2 and MoSe2 have been thought to be not suitable for flexible optoelectronic devices due to their direct-to-indirect bandgap transition even under a small strain (~1%–2%) for any flexibility deformations. So far, only 2D phosphorene has been theoretically predicted to be able to keep direct bandgap property under a large strain. Here we report a 2D material lead iodide (PbI2) mutilayer with a direct band gap and find by photoluminescence (PL) measurements that it maintains a direct bandgap nature under a large experimental strain up to 7.69%. Theoretical simulations support and explain well our experimental results.
Exogenous vs. Endogenous Separation

This paper assesses how various approaches to modeling the separation margin affect the ability of the Mortensen-Pissarides job matching model to explain key facts about the aggregate labor market. Allowing for realistic time variation in the separation rate, whether exogenous or endogenous, greatly increases the unemployment variability generated by the model. Specifications with exogenous separation rates, whether constant or time-varying, fail to produce realistic volatility and productivity responsiveness of the separation rate and worker flows. Specifications with endogenous separation rates, on the other hand, succeed along these dimensions. In addition, the endogenous separation model with on-the-job search yields a realistic Beveridge curve correlation and performs well in accounting for the productivity responsiveness of market tightness. While adopting the Hagedorn-Manovskii calibration approach improves the behavior of the job finding rate, the volume of job-to-job transitions in the on-the-job search specification becomes essentially zero.
School of Informatics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH 8 9 LW , UK

Articles in the Penn TreeBank were identified as being reviews, summaries, letters to the editor, news reportage, corrections, wit and short verse, or quarterly profit reports. All but the latter three were then characterised in terms of features manually annotated in the Penn Discourse TreeBank — discourse connectives and their senses. Summaries turned out to display very different discourse features than the other three genres. Letters also appeared to have some different features. The two main findings involve (1) differences between genres in the senses associated with intra-sentential discourse connectives, inter-sentential discourse connectives and inter-sentential discourse relations that are not lexically marked; and (2) differences within all four genres between the senses of discourse relations not lexically marked and those that are marked. The first finding means that genre should be made a factor in automated sense labelling of non-lexically marked discourse relations. The second means that lexically marked relations provide a poor model for automated sense labelling of relations that are not lexically marked.
1-(2-Methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl acetate

In the title compound, C9H13N3O4, an ester of the anti-infection drug secnidazole, the dihedral angle between the nitroimidazole mean plane (r.m.s. deviation = 0.028 Å) and the pendant acetate group is 43.17 (11)°. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of C—H⋯O interactions generate R 2 2(10) loops and further C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the dimers into [100] chains. Weak aromatic π–π stacking interactions with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.7623 (11) Å are also observed.
A Framework for Real-Time Optimal Power Flow under Wind Energy Penetration

Developing a suitable framework for real-time optimal power flow (RT-OPF) is of utmost importance for ensuring both optimality and feasibility in the operation of energy distribution networks (DNs) under intermittent wind energy penetration. The most challenging issue thereby is that a large-scale complex optimization problem has to be solved in real-time. Online simultaneous optimization of the wind power curtailments of wind stations and the discrete reference values of the slack bus voltage which leads to a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, in addition to considering variable reverse power flow, make the optimization problem even much more complicated. To address these difficulties, a two-phase solution approach to RT-OPF is proposed in this paper. In the prediction phase, a number of MINLP OPF problems corresponding to the most probable scenarios of the wind energy penetration in the prediction horizon, by taking its forecasted value and stochastic distribution into account, are solved in parallel. The solution provides a lookup table for optional control strategies for the current prediction horizon which is further divided into a certain number of short time intervals. In the realization phase, one of the control strategies is selected from the lookup table based on the actual wind power and realized to the grid in the current time interval, which will proceed from one interval to the next, till the end of the current prediction horizon. Then, the prediction phase for the next prediction horizon will be activated. A 41-bus medium-voltage DN is taken as a case study to demonstrate the proposed RT-OPF approach.
Analysis of Traffic Crashes Involving Pedestrians Using Big Data: Investigation of Contributing Factors and Identification of Hotspots

This study aims to explore the potential of using big data in advancing the pedestrian risk analysis including the investigation of contributing factors and the hotspot identification. Massive amounts of data of Manhattan from a variety of sources were collected, integrated, and processed, including taxi trips, subway turnstile counts, traffic volumes, road network, land use, sociodemographic, and social media data. The whole study area was uniformly split into grid cells as the basic geographical units of analysis. The cell‐structured framework makes it easy to incorporate rich and diversified data into risk analysis. The cost of each crash, weighted by injury severity, was assigned to the cells based on the relative distance to the crash site using a kernel density function. A tobit model was developed to relate grid‐cell‐specific contributing factors to crash costs that are left‐censored at zero. The potential for safety improvement (PSI) that could be obtained by using the actual crash cost minus the cost of “similar” sites estimated by the tobit model was used as a measure to identify and rank pedestrian crash hotspots. The proposed hotspot identification method takes into account two important factors that are generally ignored, i.e., injury severity and effects of exposure indicators. Big data, on the one hand, enable more precise estimation of the effects of risk factors by providing richer data for modeling, and on the other hand, enable large‐scale hotspot identification with higher resolution than conventional methods based on census tracts or traffic analysis zones.
The Potential Impact of Risk-Based Screening Mammography in Women 40-49 Years Old.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of very strong family history and extremely dense tissue in women 40-49 years old with breast cancer detected on screening mammography. MATERIALS AND METHODS All cancers detected by screening mammography at our institution between January 1997 and November 2012 in 40- to 49-year-old women were retrospectively identified. Those with a personal history of breast cancer were excluded. Family history, breast density, type of malignancy, hormone receptor status, and lymph node status were recorded. RESULTS One hundred thirty-six cases of breast cancer were identified on screening mammography in 40- to 49-year-old women; 50% were invasive cancers, and 50%, ductal carcinoma in situ. Very strong family history was absent in 88%, and extremely dense breast tissue was absent in 86%. Seventy-six percent of patients had neither very strong family history nor extremely dense breasts, including 79% of the cases of invasive cancers, of which 25% had axillary nodal involvement and 89% were estrogen receptor positive. CONCLUSION Very strong family history and extremely dense breast tissue were absent in most 40- to 49-year-old women with breast cancer detected at screening mammography. These cancers were frequently invasive (often with nodal metastases) and treatable (hormone receptor positive). Reducing the number of women to be screened in this age group by using this risk-based approach would reduce the number of screen-detected cancers by more than 75%, thereby precluding the benefit of mortality reduction. Even using a risk-based strategy with an expanded definition of high risk that included any first-degree family history, extremely dense tissue, or both, 66% of malignancies would still be missed.
Lytic bacteriophages reduce Escherichia coli O157

The role of lytic bacteriophages in preventing cross contamination of produce has not been evaluated. A cocktail of three lytic phages specific for E. coli O157:H7 (EcoShield™) or a control (phosphate buffered saline, PBS) was applied to lettuce by either; (1) immersion of lettuce in 500 ml of EcoShield™ 8.3 log PFU/ml or 9.8 log PFU/ml for up to 2 min before inoculation with E. coli O157:H7; (2) spray-application of EcoShield™ (9.3 log PFU/ml) to lettuce after inoculation with E. coli O157:H7 (4.10 CFU/cm2) following exposure to 50 μg/ml chlorine for 30 sec. After immersion studies, lettuce was spot-inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 (2.38 CFU/cm2). Phage-treated, inoculated lettuce pieces were stored at 4°C for and analyzed for E. coli O157:H7 populations for up to 7 d. Immersion of lettuce in 9.8 log PFU/ml EcoShield™ for 2 min significantly (p < 0.05) reduced E. coli O157:H7 populations after 24 h when stored at 4°C compared with controls. Immersion of lettuce in suspensions containing high concentrations of EcoShield™ (9.8 log PFU/ml) resulted in the deposition of high concentrations (7.8 log log PFU/cm2) of bacteriophages on the surface of fresh cut lettuce, potentially contributing to the efficacy of the lytic phages on lettuce. Spraying phages on to inoculated fresh cut lettuce after being washed in hypochlorite solution was significantly more effective in reducing E. coli O157:H7 populations (2.22 log CFU/cm2) on day 0 compared with control treatments (4.10 log CFU/cm2). Both immersion and spray treatments provided protection from E. coli O157:H7 contamination on lettuce, but spray application of lytic bacteriophages to lettuce was more effective in immediately reducing E. coli O157:H7 populations fresh cut lettuce.