Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mind the Gap! Seeking Stability Beyond the ‘Tribal’ Threshold in Late-Colonial Uganda: The Role of Urban Housing Policy, 1945–1960

The momentum towards a ‘developmentalist’ paradigm of colonial rule in the post-Second World War Uganda Protectorate elevated the ‘Native Question’ to a new critical level. The twin imperatives of welfare and industrialisation threatened to make the ‘tribal’ categories that had erstwhile been used to ‘locate’ colonial subjects untenable and to force a crossing of the detribalisation threshold. In the context of African urban housing policy and housing provision during the period 1945–1960, the author employs Foucault's notions of sovereign, anatomo- and bio-power to examine the changing modalities of power deployed by the colonial state in managing a controlled transition across the tribal threshold. From sovereign technologies of power in the pre-Second World War era designed to extract labour power from Africans while conserving their tribal loyalty; to the introduction of technologies to regenerate the still tribal African body (1945–1953); then to technologies designed to cross the tribal threshold and norm and form ‘loyal’ modern subjects (1954–1960). The article investigates and argues for the vital but always evolving role of public African urban housing both as instructional spaces for these power investments and also as spatial ‘sorting devices’ or relay points in a wider architecture for canalising movement, separating populations, and guiding loyalties. A detailed case study of Walukuba African Housing Estate in Jinja town is used to ground this analysis as well as to examine the ‘limits’ to colonial technologies of power.
Efficacy and safety of Macrolane™ for breast enhancement: A 12-month follow-up study in Asian women

Abstract The demand for breast enhancement has risen substantially over recent years. Stabilised hyaluronic acid of non-animal origin manufactured using NASHA™ technology (Q-Med, Uppsala, Sweden) is an injectable gel, which has increasingly been used as a minimally invasive, non-permanent option for breast enhancement. The aim of this study was to investigate the 12-month efficacy and safety of NASHA gel, when used for breast enhancement in Asian women. Non-pregnant, non-breastfeeding women with small breasts (aged 20–50 years) were recruited into this open, prospective, non-comparative, single-centre study. Subjects received sub-glandular injections of NASHA gel. Efficacy and safety assessments were carried out at follow-up visits (1, 6, and 12 months). Physician and subject assessment of breast improvement was recorded using the Global Esthetic Improvement Scale (GEIS). Ninety-eight subjects of Asian ethnicity were enrolled; 65 subjects completed the 12-month follow-up period. Overall, a median volume of 200 mL (range 80–300 mL) NASHA gel was injected per subject. Following GEIS assessment, 79% of breasts were subject-assessed as improved, much improved, or very much improved 6 months after treatment; 48% of breasts were still considered improved after 12 months. Sub-glandular NASHA gel injection was well tolerated, eliciting no serious adverse events judged to be treatment-related. High rates of aesthetic improvement were observed for at least 6 months after NASHA gel breast enhancement. The minimally invasive injection of NASHA gel provided a treatment option, which was an attractive alternative to permanent breast implants for many women.
Dutiful tourism: Encountering the Cambodian genocide

This paper considers contemporary international tourism to a genocide museum in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It argues that existing theorisations of ‘dark tourism’ are inadequate for the task of understanding the motivations, actions and experiences of visitors in such a place, or of such sites as contested international institutions. The paper is concerned with the ways in which visiting practices encouraged at the Tuol Sleng Museum of Genocide Crimes in the immediate post-genocide period (the 1980s) continue to affect visiting practices in the present. Moreover, the absence of familiar curatorial practices and technologies of interpretation leads contemporary visitors to conceive of the space of the museum and their visit in unexpected ways. The dutiful comportment of visitors at Tuol Sleng both supports and challenges the moral geographies enacted by contemporary travel.
Retail service quality as a key activator of grocery store loyalty

This paper demonstrates the crucial role of retail service quality as a key activator in the formation of customer loyalty to the store; the latter is understood in a conative and action sense. Applying a modified version of the RSQS scale, a model is tested by administering a questionnaire to 450 customers in an under-investigated retail setting, i.e. supermarkets, within the Italian context. Structural equation modelling was employed. The results prove that customers consider retail service quality as a second-order dimension and recognize the main contribution of physical aspects and reliability first-order dimensions. Findings corroborate the crucial role played by perceived service quality and the mediating role of customer satisfaction and conative loyalty within the relationship between service quality and action loyalty.
From ‘Ecoles Supérieures de Commerce’ to ‘Management Schools’: transformations and continuity in French business schools

Part of the national system of grandes ecoles, French business schools have known radical changes since the 1980s, notably in size, and have become more attractive to students both at a national and an international level. As a consequence, the French elitist system has been questioned by the competition of foreign - especially Anglo-Saxon - models. An organisational/institutional analysis of these transformations is presented here. Considering that French business schools have been progressively building an organisational field since the end of the 19th century, we will analyse how this field has seen a process of de-structuration and re-structuration since the late 1980s. The article first introduces some specificities of the French higher education system. The historical construction of the national business schools field is then presented, before analysing the increasing competition between schools and its effects over the last decades.
Small family business performance: comparison between family and non-family enterprises

This study compares small family business performance between the Finnish family and non-family enterprises. The sample (2,004 firms) was derived to represent nationally small businesses, in collaboration with the Statistics Finland (Centre) in Helsinki. The answer rate of the study was 90% (data collected by mail questionnaires and telephone interviews). The method of the study was to compare family and non-family enterprises with ROA (return on assets) on an enterprise population level (Finland). The results of the study show that most of the small family businesses are controlled by the founder generation. Founder generation performance was slightly higher than among descendant generation controlled firms. Family businesses were more profitable than non-family businesses in the sector of small enterprises.
Key factors affecting internationally active banks’ decisions to participate in loan syndications

The impact of banks’ financial characteristics on their decisions to participate in loan syndications is assessed. From the analysis, it appears that poorly performing banks tend, on average, to be more involved in syndications. Policymakers should perhaps monitor more closely the concentration of credit risk associated with syndicated loans held on the books of under-performing banks.
A framework for VSM integrated with Fuzzy QFD

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to apply a framework for value stream mapping (VSM) integrated with fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) for enabling scientific prioritization of improvement proposals to improve leanness. Design/methodology/approach – The literature was reviewed from the perspectives of VSM, QFD and fuzzy logic applications. The current state map was developed for the case component; fuzzy QFD was used for prioritizing improvement proposals and prioritized proposals were incorporated in the future state map. Findings – The approach enabled the scientific mapping of wastes with improvement proposals and thereby enabling systematic implementation of improvement proposals. The conducted pilot study resulted in 4 percent reduction in cycle time. As the lean implementation is a continuous process, furthermore improvements are expected in near future. Research limitations/implications – The study was conducted in an Indian camshaft manufacturing organization. The improvements in terms.
Estimating stature from knee height for adults in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND Many of the indices utilized in the assessment of nutritional status are dependent upon stature. Knee height has been used to predict stature in western countries when standing height cannot be measured, however, an adequate stature-knee height equation has not been established for the population in Taiwan. METHODS A total of 1179 healthy men (603) and women (576) were recruited from those who had undergone comprehensive check-ups at their own expense from March through August 1998 at Lin-Kou Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. The subjects were freely ambulatory without kyphosis or scoliosis noted on their chest X-ray or KUB films. The automatic supersonic system was used to measure stature and body weight. A Ross caliper was used to measure recumbent left knee height. Multiple linear regression was used to obtain equations to estimate stature using knee height and age. RESULTS Stature of adults highly correlated with their knee height (r = 0.73 with 95%CI between 0.69 and 0.77 for men, and r = 0.68 with 95%CI between 0.63 and 0.72 for women) but declined with age (men: r = -0.17 with 95%CI between -0.09 and -0.24; women: r = -0.22 with 95%CI between -0.14 and -0.29). Knee height changed very little with age in both genders. To predict stature, a linear regression model should include knee height and age as predictors to reach r2 as 0.61 and 0.58 for men and women, respectively. The stature-knee height equations were "stature = 85.10 + 1.73 x knee height -0.11 x age" for men, "stature = 91.45 + 1.53 x knee height -0.16 x age" for women. CONCLUSION Our stature-knee height equations provided good predictions on stature of adult population in Taiwan, and was superior when compared with equations developed from other populations.
The Effects of Early Internationalization on Performance Outcomes in Young International Ventures: The Mediating Role of Marketing Capabilities

In an emerging market context, this article examines the impact of early international market entry on marketing capability development and performance outcomes in young and small entrepreneurial firms. The authors identify the importance of marketing capabilities and the boundary conditions associated with international commitment, as well as the type of international market entered (developed vs. emerging market), to determine performance outcomes in early internationalization. With survey data from more than 300 senior managers in China, the results indicate that early foreign market entry enhances a young venture's marketing capabilities, which in turn leads to international growth. The findings also reveal that young ventures tend to be in a better position to improve their marketing capabilities when their senior management demonstrates a high level of commitment to foreign markets. Furthermore, the impact of marketing capabilities on the performance outcomes of early internationalization seems more salient among ventures that target developed, rather than emerging, foreign markets. Theoretically, through the lens of organizational learning and the development of marketing capabilities, this article contributes to the study of international new ventures by demonstrating that marketing capabilities serve as enabling factors that help young international ventures mitigate their liabilities of foreignness to achieve international performance outcomes.
ATP Triggers Intracellular Ca2+ Release in Type II Cells of the Rat Carotid Body

Using a Ca2+‐imaging technique, we studied the action of ATP on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) of fura‐2‐loaded mixtures of type I and type II cells dissociated from rat carotid bodies. ATP (100 μm) triggered a transient rise in [Ca2+]i in the spindle‐shaped type II (sustentacular) cells, but not the ovoid type I (glomus) cells. When challenged with ionomycin (1 μm), no amperometry signal could be detected from the ATP‐responsive type II cells, suggesting that these cells lacked catecholamine‐containing granules. In contrast, KCl depolarization triggered robust quantal catecholamine release from type I cells that were not responsive to ATP. In type II cells voltage clamped at −70 mV, the ATP‐induced [Ca2+]i rise was not accompanied by any current change, suggesting that P2X receptors are not involved. The ATP‐induced Ca2+ signal could be observed in the presence of Ni2+ (a blocker of voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels) or in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, indicating that Ca2+ release from intracellular stores was the dominant mechanism. The order of purinoreceptor agonist potency in triggering the [Ca2+]i rise was UTP > ATP > 2‐methylthioATP ≫α,β‐methyleneATP, implicating the involvement of P2Y2 receptors. In carotid body sections, immunofluorescence revealed localization of P2Y2 receptors on spindle‐shaped type II cells that partially enveloped ovoid type I cells. Since ATP is released from type I cells during hypoxia, we suggest that the ATP‐induced Ca2+ signal in type II cells can mediate paracrine interactions within the carotid bodies.
How to Measure Public Administration Performance

The economic crisis provides some insights on the role of measurement systems. As shown by the ongoing discussion of credit rating agencies by political actors and in the news media, measurement is not a neutral device, but an active agent in societal processes. Comparative measurements of international public administration are as frail, technocratic, and overly aggregated as bond ratings, but nonetheless are increasingly used by journalists, aid organizations, foreign investors, and, indeed, rating agencies to hold governments accountable. Better measurement is needed in public administration performance. This article builds on study reports from the OECD's Government at a Glance project to address the issue of how to measure public administration performance. The fields of budgeting, human resources management, and open government illustrate both the potential and the challenge of such measurements.
ARIMA modelling of Lithuanian house price index

Purpose - – This paper aims to investigate Lithuanian house price changes. Its twin motivations are the importance of information on future house price movements to sector stakeholders and the limited number of related Lithuanian property market studies. Design/methodology/approach - – The study employs ARIMA modelling approach. It assesses whether past is a good predictor of the future. It then examines issues relating to an application of this univariate time-series modelling technique in a forecasting context. Findings - – As the results of the study suggest, ARIMA is a useful technique to assess broad market price changes. Government and central bank can use ARIMA modelling approach to forecast national house price inflation. Developers can employ this methodology to drive successful house-building programme. Investor can incorporate forecasts from ARIMA models into investment strategy for timing purposes. Research limitations/implications - – Certainly, there are number of limitations attached to this particular modelling approach. Firm predictions about house price movements are also a challenge, as well as more research needs to be done in establishing a dynamic interrelationship between macro variables and the Lithuanian housing market. Originality/value - – Although the research focused on Lithuania, the findings extend to global housing market. ARIMA house price modelling provides insights for a spectrum of stakeholders. The use of this modelling approach can be employed to improve monetary policy oversight, facilitate planning for infrastructure or social housing as a countercyclical policy and mitigate risk for investors. What is more, a greater appreciation of Lithuania housing market can act as a bellwether for real estate markets in other trade-exposed small country economies.
Institutional dimensions of the developing REDD+ process in Cameroon

The reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) initiative has emerged in recent years as a mechanism to simultaneously address climate change, biodiversity, and poverty reduction challenges at the margins of tropical forests. Congo Basin countries, including Cameroon, have embraced the opportunities that REDD+ provides, with great expectations. Yet, it needs to be investigated whether the enabling institutional environment, which is required for implementing REDD+, is present. Understanding is still limited on how to build adequate and strong institutional relations that could shape the reforms towards the establishment of efficient emissions reductions schemes. Furthermore, uncertainty remains on the operational mechanisms of REDD+, suggesting that, to catalyse effectiveness, there is a need to come up with a governance model nested in relevant policy frameworks. This study builds on a modified ‘4Is’ framework – Institutions, Interests, Ideas and Information – to analyse REDD+ and explore stakeholders' perceptions on the local forest governance potential. A structural implementation model to optimize the effectiveness of REDD+ is developed. Findings suggest that governments need to review existing policies to take into account participation, local people rights, and information access as a way to stimulate actors' willingness to contribute to emissions reductions and carbon stock increases under REDD+ regimes.
Idea and Ar-Idea: Models for Dealing with Imprecise Data in Dea

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric approach to evaluating the relative efficiency of decision making units (DMUs) that use multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. An assumption underlying DEA is that all the data assume the form of specific numerical values. In some applications, however, the data may be imprecise. For instance, some of the data may be known only within specified bounds, while other data may be known only in terms of ordinal relations. DEA with imprecise data or, more compactly, the Imprecise Data Envelopment Analysis (IDEA) method developed in this paper permits mixtures of imprecisely- and exactly-known data, which the IDEA models transform into ordinary linear programming forms. This is carried even further in the present paper to comprehend the now extensively employed Assurance Region (AR) concepts in which bounds are placed on the variables rather than the data. We refer to this approach as AR-IDEA, because it replaces conditions on the variables with transformations of the data and thus also aligns the developments we describe in this paper with what are known as cone-ratio envelopments in DEA. As a result, one unified approach, referred to as the AR-IDEA model, is achieved which includes not only imprecise data capabilities but also assurance region and cone-ratio envelopment concepts.
Identification of ATM mutations using extended RT‐PCR and restriction endonuclease fingerprinting, and elucidation of the repertoire of A‐T mutations in Israel

Ataxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neurodegeneration, immunodeficiency, cancer predisposition, and radiation sensitivity. The responsible gene, ATM, has an extensive genomic structure and encodes a large transcript with a 9.2 kb open reading frame (ORF). A‐T mutations are extremely variable and most of them are private. We streamlined a high throughput protocol for the search for ATM mutations. The entire ATM ORF is amplified in a single RT‐PCR step requiring a minimal amount of RNA. The product can serve for numerous nested PCRs in which overlapping portions of the ORF are further amplified and subjected to restriction endonuclease fingerprinting (REF) analysis. Splicing errors are readily detectable during the initial amplification of each portion. Using this protocol, we identified 5 novel A‐T mutations and completed the elucidation of the molecular basis of A‐T in the Israeli population. Hum Mutat 11:69–75, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Self-Perceived Leadership Styles of Chief State School Officers and Models of Educational Governance.

The Self-perceived Leadership Styles of Chief State School Officers and Models of Educational Governance Lori A. Wiggins This study examined the leadership styles of the chief state school officers of the United States and the District of Columbia. The entire population of 51 chief state school officers was surveyed and a response rate of 60% was obtained. The study examined the relationship between the leadership style, select demographic variables, and the specific models of educational governance. The Leadership Orientation (Self) Instrument (Bolman & Deal, 1990) was used. The survey instrument is based on the Bolman and Deal (1984, 1991c, 2003) fourframe model, which includes the structural, human resource, political, and symbolic leadership frames. The predominant leadership style of the chief state school officer was a multi-frame leadership style (53.3%), followed by a paired-frame leadership style (23.3%) with the least used leadership style being a single-frame (10.0%). The number of chief state school officers using a multi-frame leadership style was statistically significant. Additionally, a statistically significant relationship was found between the use of the human resource frame and the highest degree earned. Finally, the study concluded that a significant relationship existed between the years of experience as a chief state school officer leadership in comparison to the leadership frame means and a multi-frame leadership style. It appeared that the longer an individual was a chief state school officer the more likely they were to utilize all four frames and to possess a multi-frame leadership style. LEADERSHIP STYLES OF CHIEF STATE SCHOOL OFFICERS iii