Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peer Relationships, Social Behaviours, Academic Performance and Loneliness in Korean Primary School Children

The purpose of this study was to investigate how different forms of peer relationships offer children unique support for loneliness and to examine the direct as well as indirect effects of social behaviours and academic performance through the mediation of peer relationships on the prediction of loneliness in Korean children. Four hundred and sixty-six children were recruited from a primary school in Korea. Peer nomination, self-reports, and teacher ratings were used to measure social behaviours, peer relationships, academic performance, and loneliness. The results showed that peer relationships, including peer acceptance, the number of friends, and positive friendship quality, uniquely contributed to loneliness. Peer relationships partially mediated between withdrawal and loneliness. Peer acceptance and friendship quality fully mediated the link between academic functioning and loneliness. The findings were discussed with respect to how the social behaviours and academic performance are perceived and valued in Korean culture.
Developing a CHARGE syndrome checklist: Health supervision across the lifespan (from head to toe)

Health supervision and management considerations for individuals with CHARGE syndrome are often complex, and a comprehensive approach is essential. The Atlantic Canadian CHARGE syndrome team developed a checklist organized by body system and age to aid healthcare providers in their approach to the ongoing care of these individuals. The checklist was evaluated qualitatively using a modified Delphi method with widespread consultation from expert healthcare practitioners, parents, and individuals with CHARGE syndrome. These are the first comprehensive guidelines across the lifespan of CHARGE syndrome that suggest a consistent approach to medical surveillance, investigations, and management for the physician and the multi‐disciplinary team caring for these individuals. We anticipate that these guidelines will provide improvements in care by preventing missed diagnoses, allowing for anticipatory counseling, and facilitating early referral for interventions and treatments. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reducing Queue Oscillation at a Congested Link

Queue length oscillation at a congested link causes many undesirable properties such as large delay jitter, underutilization of the link and packet drops in burst. The main reason of this oscillation is that most queue management schemes determine the drop probability based on the current traffic without consideration on the impact of that drop probability on the future traffic. In this paper, we propose a new active queue (AQM) scheme to reduce queue oscillation and realize stable queue length. The proposed scheme measures the current arrival and drop rates, and uses them to estimate the next arrival rate. Based on this estimation, the scheme calculates the drop probability which is expected to realize stable queue length. We present extensive simulation with various topologies and offered traffic to evaluate performance of the proposed scheme. The results show that the proposed scheme remarkably reduces queue length oscillation compared to other well-known AQMs. It is also shown that the proposed scheme improves fairness among TCP flows due to the stable drop probability, and maintains high utilization with small queue length.
A Study of the Relationship between Physical Awkwardness and Children’s Perceptions of Physical Competence

This study explored the relationship between perceived physical competence and physical awkwardness in an effort to gain further understanding of the effects of motor incompetence on behavior. Subjects included 195 children in Grades 3 through 6. Multiple regression analysis found that gender, the importance attached to physical competence, and the interaction between severity of awkwardness and grade were significant predictors of perceptions of physical competence. As expected, males reported higher perceptions of physical competence than females. In addition, the higher the rating that subjects attached to the importance of physical competence, the higher their perceptions of physical competence. Investigation of the interaction between severity of awkwardness and grade revealed that the expected decrease in perceptions of competence associated with increasing severity of awkwardness was present only in third-grade children. It is suggested that older awkward children may utilize strategies to maintain.
Effect of High Salt Concentration (HSC) on Structural, Morphological, and Electrical Characteristics of Chitosan Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes

Chitosan (CS) films doped with sodium triflate (NaTf) were prepared by the solution cast technique. The structural and morphological behaviors of the samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The XRD patterns were deconvoluted to estimate the degree of crystallinity of the samples. The SEM micrograph showed the crystalline structure of the sample contained 50 wt % of NaTf salt. The disappearance of broad peaks of chitosan at 2θ ≈ 21° and 2θ ≈ 32° confirmed the occurrence of ion association at 50 wt % of NaTf salt. In impedance plots, a low frequency spike region and a high frequency semicircle, were distinguishable for low salt concentrations. The highest ambient temperature direct current (DC) electrical conductivity obtained for CS:NaTf was found to be 2.41 × 10−4 S/cm for the sample containing 40 wt % of NaTf salt. The role of lattice energy of salts on DC ionic conductivity was also discussed. The temperature dependence of DC conductivity was found to follow the well-known Arrhenius relationship. From the alternating current (AC) conductivity spectra, three distinct regions were recognized for the samples with NaTf salt concentration ranging from 10 wt % to 30 wt %. The plateau region of AC spectra was used to estimate the DC conductivity.
The functions of maternal Dishevelled 2 and 3 in the Early Xenopus embryo

Of the three Dishevelled (Dvl) genes, only Dvl2 and Dvl3 are maternally encoded in the frog, Xenopus laevis. We show here by loss of function analysis that single depletion of either Dvl2 or Dvl3 from the oocyte causes the same embryonic phenotype. We find that the effects of loss of function of Dvl2 and 3 together are additive, and that the proteins physically interact, suggesting that both are required in the same complex. We show that maternal Dvl2 and 3 are required for convergence extension movements downstream of the dorsally localized signaling pathway activated by Xnr3, but not downstream of the pathway activated by activin. Also, depletion of maternal Dvl2 and 3 mRNAs causes the up‐regulation of a subset of zygotic ectodermal genes, including Foxi1e, with surprisingly no significant effect on the canonical Wnt direct target genes Siamois and Xnr3. We suggest that the likely reason for continued expression of the Wnt target genes in Dvl2/3‐depleted embryos is that maternal Dvl mRNA depletion is insufficient to deplete stored punctae of Dvl protein in the oocyte cortex, which may transduce dorsal signaling after fertilization. Developmental Dynamics 240:1727–1736, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of Speed-Accuracy Tradeoffs in Speech Production Using Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Motor actions in speech production are both rapid and highly dexterous, even though speed and accuracy are often thought to conflict. Fitts’ law has served as a rigorous formulation of the fundamental speed-accuracy tradeoff in other domains of human motor action, but has not been directly examined with respect to speech production. This paper examines Fitts’ law in speech articulation kinematics by analyzing USC-TIMIT, a large database of real-time magnetic resonance imaging data of speech production. This paper also addresses methodological challenges in applying Fitts-style analysis, including the definition and operational measurement of key variables in realtime MRI data. Results suggest high variability in the task demands associated with targeted articulatory kinematics, as well as a clear tradeoff between speed and accuracy for certain types of speech production actions. Consonant targets, and particularly those following vowels, show the strongest evidence of this tradeoff, with correlations as high as 0.71 between movement time and difficulty. Other speech actions seem to challenge Fitts’ law. Results are discussed with respect to limitations of Fitts’ law in the context of speech production, as well as future improvements and applications.
Developmental perspectives on adult depression

This paper identifies how developmental approaches can contribute to our understanding of depression. First, our understanding of the role of childhood experience, and its interaction with genetic variation, is considered. The paper then examines how the consequences of different kinds of maltreatment in the course of development point to contrasting mechanisms linking adversity to depression. This strengthens our understanding of the heterogeneity which is encountered in depression. Developmental research strongly supports the view that depression is a complex disorder both in terms of its character and origins, and that it may be arrived at along multiple pathways.
Empagliflozin, a novel potent and selective SGLT‐2 inhibitor, improves glycaemic control alone and in combination with insulin in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats, a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Aim: Sodium glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) is key to reabsorption of glucose in the kidney. SGLT‐2 inhibitors are in clinical development for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanism may be of value also in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study investigated effects of the SGLT‐2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, alone and in combination with insulin, on glucose homeostasis in an animal model of T1DM.
How Much to Copy? Determinants of Effective Imitation Breadth

It is a common and frequently implicit assumption in the literature on knowledge transfer and organizational learning that imitating practices from high-performing firms has a positive impact on the imitating firm. Although a large body of research has identified obstacles to successful imitation, not much is known about what breadth of imitation is most effective. In this paper, we use a simulation model to explore how context and firm similarity, interdependence among practices, context and firm similarity, and time horizon interact in nontrivial ways to determine the payoffs that arise from different breadths of imitation. The results of the model allow us to qualify and refine predictions of the extant literature on imitation. In particular, the results shed light on the conditions under which increases in imitation breadth, and hence investments that facilitate the faithful copying of more practices, are valuable. In addition, the results of the model highlight that imitation can serve two different functions---mimicking high performers, and generating search by dislodging a firm from its current set of practices---each requiring different organizational routines for its successful implementation.
Power‐mapping—II. Practical application: the example of child sexual abuse

Some of the problems associated with the phenomena of child sexual abuse (CSA) are considered from the perspective of the ‘terrain of power’ (see Hagan and Smail, 1997) in which individuals are located, and the use of power-mapping is exemplified by means of a single-case study. Group work with survivors of CSA currently being developed in Sheffield is described, throwing into relief the way in which the misuse of power, both past and present, is at the core of their difficulties, and showing how models of helping need to attempt directly to increase powers and resources available to clients. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drifting and getting stuck: Migrants in Chinese cities

Residential mobility patterns are an important indicator of the future socioeconomic standing of rural–urban migrants in the urban society. In Chinese cities there are significant barriers for migrants to settle permanently. Given this context and housing choices available to migrants, what types of housing career do they follow once in the city? Drawing from survey data from three large cities, this paper studies migrant intra‐urban residential mobility through three lenses—temporal patterns, spatial trajectories and tenure shifts. The majority of migrants are renters and remain so despite a lengthy residence in the cities. They experience a high level of mobility over time, but the trajectories of their moves are spatially confined and involve few tenure shifts.
Trauma-Sensitive Yoga: Principles, Practice, and Research

Since 2003, the Trauma Center Yoga Program at the Justice Resource Institute in Brookline Massachusetts has been providing Yoga to a variety of trauma survivors, including war veterans, rape survivors, at-risk youth, and survivors of chronic childhood abuse and neglect. Pilot study results have demonstrated the benefits of Yoga for indi - viduals suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. The Trauma Center Yoga Program also trains Yoga instructors and clinicians in how to offer Yoga to trauma survivors. This paper describes best principles and practices of teaching Yoga to survivors of trauma.
Teachers’ Use of Data: Loose Coupling, Agenda Setting, and Team Norms

This article explores the influence of grade‐level team norms and district and school leadership on teachers’ data use. Using an embedded‐systems perspective to consider teachers’ data use in four schools located in two different districts, the research takes the practitioners’ perspective on what constitutes data. Findings indicate that establishing rationale for teachers to use particular data, modeling such use, and structuring time for teachers to learn about using data are deliberate agenda‐setting activities. Varying degrees of loose coupling between the case study districts underscore how grade‐level norms and agenda setting mediate teachers’ collaborative use of data.
Risk factors and outcomes of macrosomia in China: a multicentric survey based on birth data

Abstract Objective: To investigate the risk factors and outcomes of macrosomia in China. Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study conducted in China. 178 709 singletons weighing ≥ 2500 g with gestational ages of 37–44 weeks were included. We compared the macrosomia group (with birth weight (BW) ≥ 4000 g) with the nornosomic control group (weighting 2500–3999 g). Results: The total prevalence of macrosomia was 8.70%. The strongest risk factors correlated with macrosomia were maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The risks of obstetric and neonatal complications increased when infants had a BW of ≥4000 g. Conclusions: Obesity and GDM are the most prominent risk factors for macrosomia, and macrosomia is associated with adverse maternal and neonate outcomes. Therefore, monitoring and controlling maternal weight and blood glucose could decrease the prevalence of macrosomia or improve its poor outcomes.
Neurocomputational account of memory and perception: Thresholded and graded signals in the hippocampus

Recent evidence suggests that the hippocampus, a region critical for long‐term memory, also supports certain forms of high‐level visual perception. A seemingly paradoxical finding is that, unlike the thresholded hippocampal signals associated with memory, the hippocampus produces graded, strength‐based signals in perception. This article tests a neurocomputational model of the hippocampus, based on the complementary learning systems framework, to determine if the same model can account for both memory and perception, and whether it produces the appropriate thresholded and strength‐based signals in these two types of tasks. The simulations showed that the hippocampus, and most prominently the CA1 subfield, produced graded signals when required to discriminate between highly similar stimuli in a perception task, but generated thresholded patterns of activity in recognition memory. A threshold was observed in recognition memory because pattern completion occurred for only some trials and completely failed to occur for others; conversely, in perception, pattern completion always occurred because of the high degree of item similarity. These results offer a neurocomputational account of the distinct hippocampal signals associated with perception and memory, and are broadly consistent with proposals that CA1 functions as a comparator of expected versus perceived events. We conclude that the hippocampal computations required for high‐level perceptual discrimination are congruous with current neurocomputational models that account for recognition memory, and fit neatly into a broader description of the role of the hippocampus for the processing of complex relational information. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
THE XMM CLUSTER SURVEY: ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI AND STARBURST GALAXIES IN XMMXCS J2215.9−1738 AT z = 1.46

We use Chandra X-ray and Spitzer infrared (IR) observations to explore the active galactic nucleus (AGN) and starburst populations of XMMXCS J2215.9−1738 at z = 1.46, one of the most distant spectroscopically confirmed galaxy clusters known. The high-resolution X-ray imaging reveals that the cluster emission is contaminated by point sources that were not resolved in XMM-Newton observations of the system, and have the effect of hardening the spectrum, leading to the previously reported temperature for this system being overestimated. From a joint spectroscopic analysis of the Chandra and XMM-Newton data, the cluster is found to have temperature T = 4.1+0.6−0.9 keV and luminosity LX = (2.92+0.24−0.35) × 1044 erg s−1, extrapolated to a radius of 2 Mpc. As a result of this revised analysis, the cluster is found to lie on the σv–T relation, but the cluster remains less luminous than would be expected from self-similar evolution of the local LX–T relation. Two of the newly discovered X-ray AGNs are cluster members, while a third object, which is also a prominent 24 μm source, is found to have properties consistent with it being a high-redshift, highly obscured object in the background. We find a total of eight >5σ 24 μm sources associated with cluster members (four spectroscopically confirmed and four selected using photometric redshifts) and one additional 24 μm source with two possible optical/near-IR counterparts that may be associated with the cluster. Examining the Infrared Array Camera colors of these sources, we find that one object is likely to be an AGN. Assuming that the other 24 μm sources are powered by star formation, their IR luminosities imply star formation rates ∼100 M☉ yr−1. We find that three of these sources are located at projected distances of <250 kpc from the cluster center, suggesting that a large amount of star formation may be taking place in the cluster core, in contrast to clusters at low redshift.
“They do it just to show off.” Year 9 girls,' boys' and their teachers' explanations for boys' aggression to girls

ABSTRACT Because children and young teenagers usually associate in same-sex groups, study of aggression in schools has often focused on within-sex interactions. However, during adolescence, boys and girls increasingly interact with each other which provides the opportunity for constructive pro-social relationships as well as for damaging conflict and aggression. This paper examines the explanations of boys' aggression to girls provided in focus group discussions and individual interviews at four middle class Adelaide metropolitan schools by Grade 9 boys, girls and their teachers. Thematic analyses revealed some common and some differing explanations across boys, girls and teachers. All agreed that boys were verbally aggressive to girls in order to impress other boys and for their own entertainment or fun (i.e., to get a laugh). Boys and teachers reported that boys' offensive behaviour to girls was sometimes an attempt to impress girls. For some boys, the motive for hurting girls was revenge. Some teachers suggested that boys' hurtful behaviour may be explained by sexist attitudes learned at home. This study highlights the vital role of the peer group in motivating boys' aggressive behaviour toward girls. It also emphasizes the importance of understanding behaviour from the different perspectives of boys, girls and teachers.
Meta-Review of Metanalytic Studies with Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for the Treatment of Major Depression

Background: Major Depression (MD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are worldwide leading causes of disability and therapeutic strategies for these impairing and prevalent conditions include pharmacological augmentation strategies and brain stimulation techniques. In this perspective, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique with a favorable profile of tolerability which, despite being recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of patients with medication-refractory unipolar depression, still raises some doubts about most effective parameters of stimulation. Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed for the years 2001 through February 2011 in order to review meta-analytic studies assessing efficacy and safety issues for rTMS in depressive disorders. Fifteen meta-analyses were identified and critically discussed in order to provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the topic with specific emphasis on potentially optimal parameters of stimulation. Results: First meta-analyses on the efficacy of rTMS for the treatment of MD and TRD have shown mixed results. On the other hand, more recent meta-analytic studies seem to support the antidepressant efficacy of the technique to a greater extent, also in light of longer periods of stimulation (e.g. > 2 weeks). Conclusion: rTMS seems to be an effective and safe brain stimulation technique for the treatment of medication refractory depression. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better define specific stimulation-related issues, such as duration of treatment as well as durability of effects and predictors of response.
Expertise-Based Performance Measures in a Virtual Training Environment

This paper introduces and validates quantitative performance measures for a rhythmic target-hitting task. These performance measures are derived from a detailed analysis of human performance during a month-long training experiment where participants learned to operate a 2-DOF haptic interface in a virtual environment to execute a manual control task. The motivation for the analysis presented in this paper is to determine measures of participant performance that capture the key skills of the task. This analysis of performance indicates that two quantitative measurestrajectory error and input frequencycapture the key skills of the target-hitting task, as the results show a strong correlation between the performance measures and the task objective of maximizing target hits. The performance trends were further explored by grouping the participants based on expertise and examining trends during training in terms of these measures. In future work, these measures will be used as inputs to a haptic guidance scheme that adjusts its control gains based on a real-time assessment of human performance of the task. Such guidance schemes will be incorporated into virtual training environments for humans to develop manual skills for domains such as surgery, physical therapy, and sports.