Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HotSpot: Anomaly Localization for Additive KPIs With Multi-Dimensional Attributes

Additive key performance indicators (KPIs) (such as page view (PV), revenue, and error count) with multi-dimensional attributes (such as ISP, Province, and DataCenter) are common and important in monitoring metrics in Internet companies. When an anomaly happens to an overall KPI, it is critical but challenging to localize the root cause, which is one (or more) combination of attribute values in multiple dimensions. For example, is the total PV decrease caused by the PV decrease from “Beijing” or “China Mobile in Beijing”, or “Beijing and Shanghai”? However, this task is very challenging for two major reasons. First, the PVs of different combinations are interdependent; thus, the PV anomalies at the root cause can cause the changes of many other PVs at different aggregation levels. Second, there could be tens of thousands of combinations to investigate in multi-dimensional attribute space. It is a difficulty to find the root cause from a huge search space. To address the first challenge, our approach HotSpot uses a novel potential score based on the ripple effect for anomaly propagation that we reveal. To address the second challenge, HotSpot adopts the Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm and a hierarchical pruning strategy. Using the real-world data from a top global search engine, we show that HotSpot achieves a great improvement on effectiveness and robustness, i.e., 95% of all types of root cause cases using HotSpot (compared with only 15% using existing approaches) achieves an F-score over 90%. Operational experiences show that HotSpot can reduce the localization time from more than 1 h in manual efforts to less than 20 s.
Changes of serum trace elements level in patients with alopecia areata: A meta‐analysis

Abnormalities of serum trace elements are involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA); however, the results of published studies are controversial. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the alterations of serum level of trace elements and AA using a meta‐analysis approach. We searched all articles indexed in PubMed, Embase and Science Citation Index published up to 30 April 2016 concerning the association between serum level of zinc, copper, iron/ferritin, selenium or magnesium and AA. Ten eligible articles involving 764 subjects were identified. Overall, pooled analysis indicated that patients with AA had a lower serum level of zinc (P < 10−4) and selenium (P < 10−4) than the healthy controls. However, there was no significant difference between the AA patients and controls in the levels of serum copper (P = 0.81), serum iron (P = 0.36), serum ferritin (P = 0.37) and serum magnesium (P = 0.07). This meta‐analysis suggests that low serum levels of zinc and selenium seem to be important risk factors for AA.
Hypertension Control in Adults With CKD in China: Baseline Results From the Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease (C-STRIDE)

BACKGROUND Hypertension contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. Studies on blood pressure control in CKD patients in China are limited. In this study, we aimed to describe the status of blood pressure control in Chinese CKD patients based on the first national prospective CKD cohort data. METHODS A subgroup of Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease participants with hypertension at baseline was included in the present study. Uncontrolled blood pressure was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg. Defined daily doses (DDDs) are used as a standard measurement of drug utilization in this population. Factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS There were 2,251 hypertensive CKD subjects among 2,873 predialysis CKD participants. The awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension were 80.7%, 95.6%, and 57.1%, respectively. Factors independently associated with uncontrolled blood pressure were overweight, obesity, albuminuria, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and diabetes. Over 50% of study subjects were prescribed 2 or more antihypertensive medications and only 7% were prescribed diuretics. Uncontrolled hypertensive patients were prescribed less antihypertensive medication than controlled hypertensives (DDD 1.3 [1.0-2.3] vs. 2.0 [1.0-3.1], P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Hypertension control was suboptimal among hypertensive CKD patients in China, especially among those overweight or with obesity, albuminuria, lower eGFR, and diabetes. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension should undergo treatment regimen evaluation to select the appropriate dosage and type of antihypertensive medications.
Utilising a multi‐item questionnaire to assess household food security in Australia

Abstract Issue addressed Currently, two food sufficiency questions are utilised as a proxy measure of national food security status in Australia. These questions do not capture all dimensions of food security and have been attributed to underreporting of the problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate food security using the short form of the US Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) within an Australian context; and explore the relationship between food security status and multiple socio‐demographic variables. Methods Two online surveys were completed by 2334 Australian participants from November 2014 to February 2015. Surveys contained the short form of the HFSSM and twelve socio‐demographic questions. Cross‐tabulations chi‐square tests and a multinomial logistic regression model were employed to analyse the survey data. Results Food security status of the respondents was classified accordingly: High or Marginal (64%, n = 1495), Low (20%, n = 460) or Very Low (16%, n = 379). Significant independent predictors of food security were age (P < 0.001), marital status (P = 0.005), household income (P < 0.001) and education (P < 0.001). Conclusion Findings suggest food insecurity is an important issue across Australia and that certain groups, regardless of income, are particularly vulnerable. So what? Government policy and health promotion interventions that specifically target “at risk” groups may assist to more effectively address the problem. Additionally, the use of a multi‐item measure is worth considering as a national indicator of food security in Australia.
(Almost) Everything you always wanted to know about deterministic control problems in stratified domains

We revisit the pioneering work of Bressan \& Hong on deterministic control problems in stratified domains, i.e. control problems for which the dynamic and the cost may have discontinuities on submanifolds of R N . By using slightly different methods, involving more partial differential equations arguments, we (i) slightly improve the assumptions on the dynamic and the cost; (ii) obtain a comparison result for general semi-continuous sub and supersolutions (without any continuity assumptions on the value function nor on the sub/supersolutions); (iii) provide a general framework in which a stability result holds.
Cryptic Diversity in the Ubiquist Species Parisotoma notabilis (Collembola, Isotomidae): A Long-Used Chimeric Species?

Parisotoma notabilis is the most common species of Collembola in Europe and is currently designated as ubiquist. This species has been extensively used in numerous studies and is considered as well characterized on a morphological ground. Despite the homogeneity of its morphology, the sequencing of the barcoding fragment (5′ end of COI) for several populations throughout Europe and North America revealed four distinct genetic lineages. The divergence found between these lineages was similar to the genetic distance among other species of the genus Parisotoma included in the analysis. All four lineages have been confirmed by the nuclear gene 28S. This congruence between mitochondrial and nuclear signals, as well as the geographical distribution pattern of lineages observed in Europe, supports the potential specific status of these lineages. Based on specimens from the type locality (Hamburg), the species name was successfully assigned to one of these lineages. This finding raises several problems as Parisotoma notabilis has been widely used in many ecological studies. Accumulation of new data for the different lineages detected, especially ecological information and life history traits, is needed to help resolve this situation.
BECLoMA: Augmenting stack traces with user review information

Mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets and wearables are changing the way we do things, radically modifying our approach to technology. To sustain the high competition characterizing the mobile market, developers need to deliver high quality applications in a short release cycle. To reveal and fix bugs as soon as possible, researchers and practitioners proposed tools to automate the testing process. However, such tools generate a high number of redundant inputs, lacking of contextual information and generating reports difficult to analyze. In this context, the content of user reviews represents an unmatched source for developers seeking for defects in their applications. However, no prior work explored the adoption of information available in user reviews for testing purposes. In this demo we present BECLOMA, a tool to enable the integration of user feedback in the testing process of mobile apps. BECLOMA links information from testing tools and user reviews, presenting to developers an augmented testing report combining stack traces with user reviews information referring to the same crash. We show that BECLOMA facilitates not only the diagnosis and fix of app bugs, but also presents additional benefits: it eases the usage of testing tools and automates the analysis of user reviews from the Google Play Store.
Nitric oxide modulates the responses of osteoclast formation to static magnetic fields

ABSTRACT Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in osteoclast differentiation. Our previous studies showed that static magnetic fields (SMFs) could affect osteoclast differentiation. The inhibitory effects of 16 T of high SMF (HiMF) on osteoclast differentiation was correlated with increased production of NO. We raised the hypothesis that NO mediated the regulatory role of SMFs on osteoclast formation. In this study, 500 nT of hypomagnetic field (HyMF), 0.2 T of moderate SMF (MMF) and 16 T of high SMF (HiMF) were utilized as SMF treatment. Under 16 T, osteoclast formation was markedly decreased with enhanced NO synthase (NOS) activity, thus producing a high level of NO. When treated with NOS inhibitor N-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME), NO production could be inhibited, and osteoclast formation was restored to control group level in a concentration-dependent manner. However, 500 nT and 0.2 T increased osteoclast formation with decreased NOS activity and NO production. When treated with NOS substrate L-Arginine (L-Arg) or NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the NO level in the culture medium was obviously elevated, thus inhibiting osteoclast differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner under 500 nT or 0.2 T. Therefore, these findings indicate that NO mediates the regulatory role of SMF on osteoclast formation.
Chronic vs. Acute Interactions between Supraoptic Oxytocin Neurons and Astrocytes during Lactation: Role of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Plasticity

In this article, we review studies of astrocytic-neuronal interactions and their effects on the activity of oxytocin (OXT) neurons within the magnocellular hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. Previous work over several decades has shown that withdrawal of astrocyte processes increases OXT neuron excitability in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) during lactation. However, chronically disabling astrocyte withdrawal does not significantly affect the functioning of OXT neurons during suckling. Nevertheless, acute changes in a cytoskeletal element of astrocytes, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), occur in concert with changes in OXT neuronal activity during suckling. Here, we compare these changes in GFAP and related proteins with chronic changes that persist throughout lactation. During lactation, a decrease in GFAP levels accompanies retraction of astrocyte processes surrounding OXT neurons in the SON, resulting from high extracellular levels of OXT. During the initial stage of suckling, acute increases in OXT levels further strengthen this GFAP reduction and facilitate the retraction of astrocyte processes. This change, in turn, facilitates burst discharges of OXT neurons and leads to a transient increase in excitatory neurochemicals. This transient neurochemical surge acts to reverse GFAP expression and results in postburst inhibition of OXT neurons. The acute changes in astrocyte GFAP levels seen during suckling likely recur periodically, accompanied by rhythmic changes in glutamate metabolism, water transport, gliotransmitter release, and spatial relationships between astrocytes and OXT neurons. In the neurohypophysis, astrocyte retraction and reversal with accompanying GFAP plasticity also likely occur during lactation and suckling, which facilitates OXT release coordinated with its action in the SON. These studies of the dynamic interactions that occur between astrocytes and OXT neurons mediated by GFAP extend our understanding of astrocyte functions within the central nervous system.
International Journal of Nanomedicine Dovepress Improvement of Adenoviral Vector-mediated Gene Transfer to Airway Epithelia by Folate-modified Anionic Liposomes

Despite remarkable progress in the development of both viral and nonviral gene delivery vectors for airway disease treatment, poor gene transfer efficiency to the airway epithelium is a major obstacle in clinical application. To take advantage of the unique features of viral and nonviral vectors, we have developed complexes of adenovirus vector and anionic liposomes (AL-Ad5) by the calcium-induced phase change method. In the current study, based on the fact that there are overexpressed folate receptors on the surface of airway epithelia, we further modified the AL-Ad5 complexes with folate (F-AL-Ad5) to improve the transduction ability of Ad5 in airway epithelia. The transduction efficiencies of the obtained F-AL-Ad5 and AL-Ad5 complexes were assessed in primary-cultured airway epithelia in vitro. Our results indicated that compared with naked adenovirus vector, both AL-Ad5 and F-AL-Ad5 could significantly enhance the gene transduction efficiency of adenovirus vector in primary-cultured airway epithelial cells. Moreover, the enhancement mediated by F-AL-Ad5 was more dramatic than that by AL-Ad5. These results suggested that F-AL-Ad5 may be a useful strategy to deliver therapeutic genes to the airway epithelia and is promising in clinical application.
English Verb Accuracy of Bilingual Cantonese-English Preschoolers.

Purpose Knowledge of verb development in typically developing bilingual preschoolers may inform clinicians about verb accuracy rates during the 1st 2 years of English instruction. This study aimed to investigate tensed verb accuracy in 2 assessment contexts in 4- and 5-year-old Cantonese-English bilingual preschoolers. Method The sample included 47 Cantonese-English bilinguals enrolled in English preschools. Half of the children were in their 1st 4 months of English language exposure, and half had completed 1 year and 4 months of exposure to English. Data were obtained from the Test of Early Grammatical Impairment (Rice & Wexler, 2001) and from a narrative generated in English. Results By the 2nd year of formal exposure to English, children in the present study approximated 33% accuracy of tensed verbs in a formal testing context versus 61% in a narrative context. The use of the English verb BE approximated mastery. Predictors of English third-person singular verb accuracy were task, grade, English expressive vocabulary, and lemma frequency. Conclusions Verb tense accuracy was low across both groups, but a precocious mastery of BE was observed. The results of the present study suggest that speech-language pathologists may consider, in addition to an elicitation task, evaluating the use of verbs during narratives in bilingual Cantonese-English bilingual children.
When stress becomes the new normal: Alterations in attention and autonomic reactivity in repeated traumatization

ABSTRACT There is need for further work clarifying attention-physiology interactions by degree of exposure to early victimization, as it is clear that cumulative trauma in childhood, that is, polyvictimization, may have lasting effects on the stress response that differ from those of acute traumatization. The present study examined relationships between baseline and task-related physiology (indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA] and heart rate [HR], respectively), and attention biases (via the dot probe task), in 63 community-dwelling adult women stratified on the basis of self-reported exposure to multiple types of childhood interpersonal victimization (i.e., sexual, physical, and emotional abuse). Consistent with hypotheses, a pattern of threat hypervigilance was found in the single victimization group, while threat avoidance was found in the polyvictimization group. Additionally, avoidance of threat in the polyvictimized group was associated with lower baseline RSA. Moderation analyses indicated that condition-wise HR moderated the relationship between level of exposure and attention biases in the high-threat condition. The present findings may clarify basic regulatory mechanisms that play a role in lifetime revictimization in individuals with cumulative childhood trauma exposure and may have implications for their prognostic and therapeutic outcomes.
CT-Pathologic Correlation of Major Types of Pulmonary Fibrosis: Insights for Revisions to Current Guidelines.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic significance of CT patterns that cannot be classified according to current idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) guidelines and of specific findings of the inconsistent with usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP) pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects with a multidisciplinary diagnosis of interstitial lung disease who had undergone surgical lung biopsy and chest CT within 1 year of each other were included in the study. The predominant distribution and pattern of disease were scored. Cases were classified as UIP, possible UIP, or inconsistent with UIP at chest CT according to 2011 IPF guidelines. Cases that could not be confidently categorized with current guidelines were annotated as indeterminate. RESULTS UIP, possible UIP, and inconsistent with UIP CT patterns were associated with pathologic UIP in 89.6%, 81.6%, and 60.0% of subjects. An indeterminate CT pattern (7.7% [20/259]) was associated with a UIP pathologic diagnosis in 55.0% of cases. This finding was not statistically different from the findings in the group with the inconsistent with UIP CT pattern (p = 0.677) but was different from the findings in the UIP (p < 0.001) and possible UIP (p = 0.031) groups. In regard to specific findings of the inconsistent with UIP CT category, ground-glass opacity, air-trapping, consolidation, and axial distribution were associated with a non-UIP pathologic diagnosis; however, there was no significant association with zonal distribution. CONCLUSION A substantial minority of cases cannot be confidently categorized according to current guidelines for IPF and differ diagnostically from the possible UIP and UIP CT categories. The term "inconsistent with UIP" is misleading and should be renamed.
GAMETE RELEASE IS INCREASED BY CALM CONDITIONS IN THE COENOCYTIC GREEN ALGA BRYOPSIS (CHLOROPHYTA)

Water motion did not inhibit gamete release in cultures of the coenocytic green alga Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh; however, the number of gametangia that released gametes increased significantly under transiently calm conditions. This stimulatory effect of calm conditions in the laboratory was found in isolates from two different areas of the Maine coast. The isolates were all monoecious, but strong differences in levels of fertilization, numbers of male and female gametes remaining following fertilization, and levels of polygamy (=zygotes formed by fusions of more than two gametes) were observed among isolates. These data support the hypothesis that organisms with external fertilization are able to sense and respond to water motion in ways that favor reproductive success.
Cytosolic Entry of Shiga-Like Toxin A Chain from the Yeast Endoplasmic Reticulum Requires Catalytically Active Hrd1p

Background Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin 1 normally traffics to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in sensitive mammalian cells from where the catalytic A chain (SLTxA1) dislocates to the cytosol to inactivate ribosomes. Currently, no molecular details of the dislocation process are available. To investigate the mechanism of the dislocation step we expressed SLTxA1 in the ER of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methodology and Principal Findings Using a combination of growth studies and biochemical tracking in yeast knock-out strains we show that SLTxA1 follows an ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway to enter the cytosol in a step mediated by the transmembrane Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase complex. ER-to-cytosol dislocation of the bulk population of SLTxA1 requires Cdc48p and its ubiquitin-handling co-factor Npl4p, and this population of toxin is terminally dispatched by proteasomal degradation. A small sub-population of SLTxA1 uncouples from this classical ERAD pathway and recovers catalytic activity in the cytosol. The pathway that leads to toxicity is also Hrd1p-dependent but, unlike that for the related ricin A chain toxin, SLTxA1 dislocation does require the catalytic cysteine of Hrd1p. However it does not depend on canonical ubiquitylation since toxin variants lacking endogenous lysyl residues also utilize this pathway, and furthermore there is no requirement for a number of Cdc48p co-factors. Conclusions and Significance The fraction of SLTxA1 that disengages from the ERAD pathway thus does so upstream of Cdc48p interactions and downstream of Hrd1p interactions, in a step that possibly involves de-ubiquitylation. Mechanistically therefore, the dislocation of this toxin is quite distinct from that of conventional ERAD substrates that are normally degraded, and the toxins partially characterised to date that do not require the catalytic cysteine of the major Hrd1p component of the dislocation apparatus.