Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Addictive Behavior of Full-time Students at Masaryk University and Options in its Prevention

Jsou prezentovany výsledky 3 výzkumných projektů, ktere byly realizovany formou anonymnich dotaznikových studii zaměřených na omamne a psychotropni latky, nesubstancni zavislostni chovani a prevenci zavislosti ve vzorcich prezencnich studentů Masarykovy univerzity. Z výsledků prvni studie vyplynulo, že mezi teměř 10000 respondenty jsou nejcastěji frekventovanými navykovými latkami alkohol, tabak, cerna kava, kanabinoidy, v mensi miře tež halucinogeny, tlumive leky a tanecni drogy. Kontakty s tzv. tvrdými drogami měly větsinou charakter ojedinělých experimentů. Na akademicke půdě byla zaznamenana aktivita drogových překupniků. Druha studie se zabývala problematikou zavislostniho chovani (pocitac, internet, on-line bankovnictvi, automaty, mobilni telefon, sazky, nakupovani, půjcky), bylo ziskana data od teměř 2500 respondentů. Běžně provozovanými aktivitami jsou prace s pocitacem, internetem a mobilnim telefonem, jichž respondenti využivaji zejmena k prohliženi obsahu webu, cteni posty, chatovani, pohybu v socialnich sitich, telefonovani a psani SMS zprav. Prevalence celoživotni zkusenosti s hracimi automaty cinila v souboru 30 %, s výhernimi 20 %. Na pocitaci nebo herni konzoli hralo v životě 80 % souboru,vice než 40 % souboru si již někdy vsadilo. Třetina souboru si koupila dražsi spotřebni zboži, ktere nutně nepotřebovala, 5 % si vzalo spotřebitelský uvěr. Třeti studie mapovala aktivity a uroveň protidrogove prevence na MU, byly ziskany odpovědi od teměř 2200 respondentů. Prakticky vsichni se s prevenci zavislosti setkali na středni skole, větsinou byla provaděna velmi formalně. Vice než pětina vzorku byla na MU oslovena prevenci zavislosti, respondenti studovali zejmena na fakultě pedagogicke a lekařske. Mimofakultni preventivni aktivity se vyskytovaly řidce. V ramci prevence jsou využivany zejmena monologicky vedene přednasky, jejich naplni je předevsim problematika alkoholismu a tabakismu, chybi navaznost a systematicnost. Publikace vysla tež on-line s ISBN 978-80-210-8515-2; DOI: 10.5817/CZ.MUNI. M210-8515-2016.
Biomimetic coating of precalcified Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Calcium hydroxyapatite, HA, (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) bioceramics, owing to their similarity with the human bone and dentin minerals, attract significant interest for orthopaedic and dental applications. Biological apatites, on the other hand, are carbonate substituted and calcium-deficient. Biomimetic coating of titanium and related alloys with carbonated apatitic calcium phosphate is an important area of research in implantology. While this paper specifically refers to coating Ti-6Al-4V, (TAV) the obtained results are valid with other related alloys as well. An attempt was made in the current research to accelerate the biomimetic coating process through precalcification of the alkali and heat treated alloy. The precalcification resulted in a homogenous layer of calcium precursors on the surface of the alloys. Such precursors accelerated the biomimetic deposition of carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA) coat resembling that of the biomineral apatite upon soaking in Kukubo corrected simulated body fluid (1.5 � c-SBF). The development of coats on Ti-6Al-4V surfaces were assessed by step by step diffuse reflectance infra-red spectroscopy and scanning electron mi- croscopy. The essential information of biodeposition was obtained by following the uptake or release of calcium and inorganic phosphorus, Ca, iP, ionic species biochemically and mirrored by parallel electrical conductivity measurements of the soaking solutions.
Hard Time

As the number of women incarcerated in the United States continues to rise and their complex needs become more apparent, social workers must fortify their historical commitment to criminal justice reform. However, crafting more effective and compassionate responses to the needs of justice-involved women may very well require a more nuanced understanding of the holistic impact of incarceration on women’s well-being than the current literature offers. Utilizing the framework of feminist standpoint epistemology, the researcher engaged in qualitative content analysis to examine published personal accounts from 43 women to better understand their experiences in prisons and jails in the United States. Two overarching themes emerged from the analysis. First, the personal accounts illustrated that women experience prisons and jails as environments of denial insofar as these carceral environments deny women’s basic needs, their sense of humanity, and their personal power. The second overarching theme pertains to the holistic impact of the carceral environment upon women’s lives, meaning it has expansive effects on women’s biopsychosocial–spiritual functioning. Social workers should dedicate efforts to dramatically reducing the number of women behind bars and engaging in holistic intervention approaches that might counteract the negative effects of incarceration across domains of well-being.
Interbank Market Integration, Loan Rates, and Firm Leverage

We study the effect of interbank market integration on small firm finance in the build-up to the current financial crisis. We use a comprehensive data set that contains contract terms on individual loans to 6,000 firms across 14 European countries between 1998:01 and 2005:12. We account for the selection that arises in the loan request and approval process. Our findings imply that integration of interbank markets resulted in less stringent borrowing constraints and in substantially lower loan rates. The decrease was strongest in markets with competitive banking sectors. We also find that in the most rapidly integrating markets, firms became substantially overleveraged during the build-up to the crisis. Our evidence thus points to one specific channel through which the credit boom of the last decade contributed to both the growth and the vulnerability of the region's non-financial firms.
Performance improvement for face recognition using PCA and two-dimensional PCA

Now a days research is going on to design a high performance automatic face recognition system which is really a challenging task for researchers. As faces are complex visual stimuli that differ dramatically, hence developing an efficient computational approach for accurate face recognition is very difficult. In this paper a high performance face recognition algorithm is developed and tested using conventional Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and two dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2DPCA). These statistical transforms are exploited for feature extraction and data reduction. We have proposed here to assign different weight to the only very few nonzero eigenvalues related eigenvectors which are considered as non-trivial principal components for classification. Lastly face recognition task is performed by k-nearest distance measurement. Experimental results on ORL and YALE face databases show that the proposed method improves the performance of face recognition with respect to existing techniques. The results show that better recognition performance can be achieved with less computational cost than that of other existing methods.
Standardizing the New E-Business Platform: Learning From the EDI Experience

It is sometimes assumed that the Internet provides a sufficient basis for conducting business electronically. However, for business relationships between companies more is required, since electronic forms of business are meant to automate large parts of the business processes involved. To enable the automation of business processes across company borders, a 'common language' and a common understanding regarding legal implications are required for information systems to automatically handle deliveries and purchases. Experiences with earlier forms of electronic business (Electronic Data Interchange/EDI) allow us to understand these requirements in great detail. Now, a new platform for conducting electronic business between companies is emerging (based on the XML standard) which promises to significantly lower the costs of automating business processes across company borders. In order to realize this potential, the basic XML platform needs to be extended to cover all functions addressed by EDI systems. How s.
THREE-YEAR SWIFT–BAT SURVEY OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: RECONCILING THEORY AND OBSERVATIONS?

It is well accepted that unabsorbed as well as absorbed active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are needed to explain the nature and shape of the Cosmic X-ray background (CXB), even if the fraction of highly absorbed objects (dubbed Compton-thick sources) still substantially escapes detection. We derive and analyze the absorption distribution using a complete sample of AGNs detected by Swift–BAT in the first three years of the survey. The fraction of Compton-thick AGNs represents only 4.6% of the total AGN population detected by Swift–BAT. However, we show that once corrected for the bias against the detection of very absorbed sources the real intrinsic fraction of Compton-thick AGNs is 20+9−6%. We proved for the first time (also in the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) band) that the anti-correlation of the fraction of absorbed AGNs and luminosity is tightly connected to the different behavior of the X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) of absorbed and unabsorbed AGNs. This points toward a difference between the two subsamples of objects with absorbed AGNs being, on average, intrinsically less luminous than unobscured ones. Moreover, the XLFs show that the fraction of obscured AGNs might also decrease at very low luminosity. This can be successfully interpreted in the framework of a disk cloud outflow scenario as the disappearance of the obscuring region below a critical luminosity. Our results are discussed in the framework of population synthesis models and the origin of the CXB.
Characterization of CD8+ T cell repertoire in identical twins discordant and concordant for multiple sclerosis

Autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells directed against CNS autoantigens may play a role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Identical twins share the same genetic background but not the TCR repertoire that is shaped by the encounter with self or foreign antigens. To gain insights into the interplay between MS and T cell repertoire, peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and their CCR7+/CCR7– subsets from five pairs of identical twins (four discordant and one concordant for MS; none of which had taken disease‐modifying therapy) were compared by TCR β‐chain (TCRB) complementary‐determining region 3 (CDR3) spectratyping. CD4+ T cells generally showed a Gaussian distribution, whereas CD8+ T cells exhibited subject‐specific, widely skewed TCR spectratypes. There was no correlation between CD8+ T cell oligoclonality and disease. Sequencing of predominant spectratype expansions revealed shared TCRB‐CDR3 motifs when comparing inter‐ and/or intrapair twin members. In many cases, these sequences were homologous to published TCRs, specific for viruses implicated in MS pathogenesis, CNS autoantigens, or copaxone [glatiramer acetate (GA)], implying the occurrence of naturally GA‐responding CD8+ T cells. It is notable that these expanded T cell clones with putative pathogenic or regulatory properties were present in the affected as well as in the healthy subject, thus suggesting the existence of a “MS predisposing trait” shared by co‐twins discordant for MS.
Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling: Social Capital Matters for Women’s Career Success?

ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between social networking as a potential upward mobility strategy for women and their career advancement. The federal data from the 2007 Career Advancement Survey (CAS) were analyzed using ordered logistic regressions and OLS multiple regressions. The results showed that having a supportive supervisor and/or mentor was positively related to the likelihood of being appointed to critical roles and being assigned important work, while having important contacts was positively associated with temporary promotions. In addition, engaging in professional and formal networks showed a marginally positive association with work assignment. Gender congruence in supervisory dyads was positively associated with role assignment. The findings regarding gender differences in relationships reported a stronger positive relationship between having a supportive supervisor and/or mentor and temporary promotions for women than for men. Women were more likely to be temporarily promoted than men when they have a supportive supervisor and/or mentor. Women who have a female supervisor were more likely to be temporarily promoted and to be assigned critical roles than men or women who have a male supervisor.
Caracterizando la producción y organización de los mezcaleros en Matatlán, México “Capital mundial del mezcal”

The objective of this research is to characterize the small-scale producers of mezcal in order to a better understanding of their way of producing and organizing, so that when supporting policies are developed, these be aligned with their reality. Methodology. To achieve this, a qualitative exploratory study is conducted. Interviews applied to actors involved in the mezcal industry are used as methods of data collection, as well as a questionnaire applied to 52 small-scale producers. Results. The study shows six elements that help characterize the small-scale producers studied. these are: 1) the sense of family, 2) preservation of identity, 3) craft processes of production, 4) tacit knowledge, 5) spontaneous decisions and 6) informal economy. Limitations. The main limitation of the research relates to the sample´s size, which was limited due to the difficulties to access remote communities; this study cannot be generalized. Conclusions. The papers concludes by suggesting that given the characteristics identified, these types of organizations have survived over the years, despite the disadvantages they face in the current socioeconomic conditions.
The identification of the optical/IR counterpart of the 29.5-s transient X-ray pulsar GS 1843+009

We report on the identication of the optical/IR counterpart of the 29.5-s transient X{ray pulsar GS 1843+009. We re{analysed an archival ROSAT HRI observation of GS 1843+009 obtaining a new rened position. The optical and IR follow{up observations carried out for the new error circle allowed us to nd a relatively faint (V =2 0:9) and variable early type reddened star (V R =2 :1). The optical spectra show the Balmer and Paschen series in emission, while the IR observations conrm the presence of a flux excess (H =1 3:2, J H =0 :54), suggesting that the star is surrounded by a circumstellar envelope. Spectroscopic and photometric data together indicate a B0{B2 IV{Ve spectral{type star located at a distance of 10 kpc conrming the Be{ star/X{ray binary nature of GS 1843+009.
On the design of a 55 GHz Si / SiGe HBT frequency doubler operating close to f max

In this paper we present for the first time experimental results on a frequency doubler using a Si/SiGe HBT as the non-linear element. Despite the high output operating frequency being close to fmax, 67 GHz, for the Si/SiGe HBT, the conversion efficiency in a not completely optimised circuit was found to be better than -12 dB. The 3 dB bandwidth for the doubler was about 7.4%. These results are found to be comparable to an HFET doubler operating equally close to its fmax. The results agree well with the prediction for the multiplier from a developed physics-based large-signal HBT model. Prediction by the model using harmonic balance simulation at 55 GHz shows that a conversion efficiency for the Si/SiGe HBT of about 5 dB can be expected from future optimised circuits.
Hippocampal Functioning in Adolescents with Congenital Hypothyroidism

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a pediatric endocrine disorder caused by an insufficiency of thyroid hormone. Despite treatment following newborn screening, CH is associated with persisting memory weaknesses. Given animal research has shown thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in the development of the hippocampus, a brain structure required for normal declarative memory, it is possible that altered hippocampally-dependent processes underlie the memory weakness associated with CH. Previous studies of individuals with CH have found reduced memory abilities and left hippocampal volumes but no study has thoroughly assessed memory abilities or how the hippocampus functions to support memory. Thus, the present study compared individuals with CH and typically developing adolescents using clinical memory tests and two associative memory tasks shown in adults to activate the hippocampus during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results indicated groups did not differ in memory accuracy on clinical measures or either fMRI task. However, fMRI revealed hippocampal activation differed between the groups when performing the associative memory tasks. The first iii task utilized a visuospatial paired associates novelty detection paradigm to show the CH group increased activation relative to controls in left hippocampus and recruited right hippocampus when controls did not. Since previous research suggested the left hippocampus and verbal memory were more vulnerable to the effects of CH, the second task utilized a verbal paired associates paradigm to demonstrate that when making old and new judgments about associations versus items, the CH group increased activation relative to controls in left hippocampus. Further investigation revealed that when recognizing old associations versus items, the CH group had increased bilateral posterior hippocampal activation whereas controls showed increased activation in right anterior hippocampus, a distinction noted in previous research with this paradigm which suggests individuals with CH may retrieve associations in a less flexible manner than controls. In addition, worse memory performance and increased hippocampal activation, particularly on the left, was predicted by severity of hypothyroidism experienced early in life. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that early thyroid hormone insufficiency associated with CH alters the functioning of the hippocampus and engenders use of compensatory mechanisms to support associative memory functions.
Construction of high-quality NN potential models.

We present an updated version (Nijm93) of the Nijmegen soft-core potential, which gives a much better description of the np data than the older version (Nijm78). The chi^2 per datum is 1.87. The configuration-space and momentum-space versions of this potential are exactly equivalent; a unique feature among meson-theoretical potentials. We also present three new NN potential models: a non-local Reid-like Nijmegen potential (NijmI), a local version (NijmII), and an updated regularized version (Reid93) of the Reid soft-core potential. These three potentials all have a nearly optimal chi^2 per datum and can therefore be considered as alternative partial-wave analyses. All potentials contain the proper charge-dependent one-pion-exchange tail. Fortran code for the potentials can be obtained via anonymous ftp from this http URL
Convolutional Neural Pyramid for Image Processing

We propose a principled convolutional neural pyramid (CNP) framework for general low-level vision and image processing tasks. It is based on the essential finding that many applications require large receptive fields for structure understanding. But corresponding neural networks for regression either stack many layers or apply large kernels to achieve it, which is computationally very costly. Our pyramid structure can greatly enlarge the field while not sacrificing computation efficiency. Extra benefit includes adaptive network depth and progressive upsampling for quasi-realtime testing on VGA-size input. Our method profits a broad set of applications, such as depth/RGB image restoration, completion, noise/artifact removal, edge refinement, image filtering, image enhancement and colorization.
Correlation between mutans streptococci counts of parents and their children residing in Chandigarh, India

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Mutans Streptococci (MS) in children and to evaluate the relationship between the salivary levels of MS in children and their parents. Material and Methods: 100 children aged 3-6 years along with their parents (100 mothers and fathers each) were included in the study. The children were segregated depending upon their age and level of caries experience. The children were examined clinically on an ordinary chair in natural daylight using the Møller’s index criteria. Assays for Mutans Streptococci (MS) were done for both the children and their parents using the Dentocult SM strip mutans test. Collected data was assessed using SPSS software. Results: The overall prevalence of MS in the children was 83%. A statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) was observed between salivary MS counts of children and their mothers. No significant correlation was seen with the fathers. Conclusions: The findings conclude that if primary caregivers harbour high levels of MS in their saliva, it is likely that their children will have the same. Key words:Mutans streptococci, parents, children, dentocult SM kits.
Recasting the agglomeration benefits for innovation in a hits-based cultural industry: evidence from the Japanese console videogame industry

ABSTRACT Literature on the videogame industry has to date revealed the importance of pre-existing cultural and technological foundations, firm-level innovation management strategies, interactive innovation with end-users, and uniqueness of national production/innovation systems. There are few theoretically informed empirical studies, however, that investigate geographical dimensions of innovation dynamics, particularly the role of spatial agglomerations, in this ‘hits-based’ cultural industry. This paper focuses on the console videogame industry in Japan, drawing on the extensive research on secondary data, corporate questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews with representatives from videogame firms and organizations in the country. Our premise is that redundancy – a diverse range of often indistinguishably similar outputs, most of which end up as commercial failures – is critically important for innovation in industries that are characterized by fundamental demand uncertainties. We then argue that agglomeration (in the sense of both industrial and urban agglomerations) can play a vital role in accommodating, or ‘tolerating’, such redundancy by allowing constituent firms, whose practice may seem inefficient in the short run, to remain in business. The findings of our study lead us to be cautious about policy initiatives to identify and implement ‘best practices’ for innovation, which may end up replacing critical redundancy with increasing efficiency.
A Temporal Perspective on Organizational Identity

We offer as our main theoretical contribution a conceptual framework for how the past is evoked in present identity reconstruction and the ways in which the past influences the articulation of claims for future identity. We introduce the notion of textual, material, and oral memory forms as the means by which organizational actors evoke the past. The conceptual framework is applied in a study of two occasions of identity reconstruction in the LEGO Group, which revealed differences in ways that the past was evoked and influenced claims for future identity. Our study suggests that 1 a longer time perspective in the use of memory enabled a longer time perspective in formulating claims for future identity, 2 a broader scope of articulated identity claims for the future was related to the combination of a broader range of memory forms, and 3 the depth of claims for future identity was related to the way in which memory forms were combined. At a more general level, our paper illustrates how viewing identity construction from the perspective of an ongoing present adds a new dimension to understanding the temporal dynamics of organizational identity.