Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testing the gravitomagnetic clock effect on the Earth with neutron interferometry

The general relativistic gravitomagnetic clock effect consists in the fact that two point particles orbiting a central spinning object along identical, circular equatorial geodesic paths, but in opposite directions, exhibit a time difference in describing a full revolution. It turns out that the particle rotating in the same sense of the central body is slower than the particle rotating in the opposite sense. In this paper it is proposed to measure such effect in an Earth laboratory experiment involving interferometry of slow neutrons. With a sphere of 2.5 cm radius and spinning at 4.3 x 10^4 rad/s as central source, and using neutrons with wavelength of 1 Angstrom it should be possible to obtain, for a given sense of rotation of the central source, a phase shift of 0.18 rad, well within the experimental sensitivity. By reversing the sense of rotation of the central body it should be possible to obtain a 0.06 fringe shift.
Mannotriose regulates learning and memory signal transduction in the hippocampus

Rehmannia is a commonly used Chinese herb, which improves learning and memory. However, the crucial components of the signal transduction pathway associated with this effect remain elusive. Pri-mary hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro, insulted with high-concentration (1 × 10−4 mol/L) cor-ticosterone, and treated with 1 × 10−4 mol/L mannotriose. Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay and western blot analysis showed that hippocampal neuron survival rates and protein levels of glucocorti-coid receptor, serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were all dramatically decreased after high-concentration corticosterone-induced injury. This effect was reversed by mannotriose, to a similar level as RU38486 and donepezil. Our findings indicate that mannotriose could protect hippocampal neurons from high-concentration corticosterone-induced injury. The mechanism by which this occurred was associated with levels of glucocorticoid receptor protein, serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
Avoiding Repetition in Generated Text

We investigate two methods for enhancing variation in the output of a stochastic surface realiser: choosing from among the highest-scoring realisation candidates instead of taking the single highest-scoring result (e-best sampling), and penalising the words from earlier sentences in a discourse when generating later ones (anti-repetition scoring). In a human evaluation study, subjects were asked to compare texts generated with and without the variation enhancements. Strikingly, subjects judged the texts generated using these two methods to be better written and less repetitive than the texts generated with optimal n-gram scoring; at the same time, no significant difference in understandability was found between the two versions. In analysing the two methods, we show that the simpler e-best sampling method is considerably more prone to introducing dispreferred variants into the output, indicating that best results can be obtained using anti repetition scoring with strict or no e-best sampling.
Hydrogen Permeation, and Mechanical and Tribological Behavior, of CrNx Coatings Deposited at Various Bias Voltages on IN718 by Direct Current Reactive Sputtering

In the current work, the microstructure, hydrogen permeability, and properties of chromium nitride (CrNx) thin films deposited on the Inconel 718 superalloy using direct current reactive sputtering are investigated. The influence of the substrate bias voltage on the crystal structure, mechanical, and tribological properties before and after hydrogen exposure was studied. It was found that increasing the substrate bias voltage leads to densification of the coating. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal a change from mixed fcc-CrN + hcp-Cr2N to the approximately stoichiometric hcp-Cr2N phase with increasing substrate bias confirmed by wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS). The texture coefficients of (113), (110), and (111) planes vary significantly with increasing substrate bias voltage. The hydrogen permeability was measured by gas-phase hydrogenation. The CrN coating deposited at 60 V with mixed c-CrN and (113) textured hcp-Cr2N phases exhibits the lowest hydrogen absorption at 873 K. It is suggested that the crystal orientation is only one parameter influencing the permeation resistance of the CrNx coating together with the film structure, the presence of mixing phases, and the packing density of the structure. After hydrogenation, the hardness increased for all coatings, which could be related to the formation of a Cr2O3 oxide film on the surface, as well as the defect formation after hydrogen loading. Tribological tests reveal that hydrogenation leads to a decrease of the friction coefficient by up to 40%. The lowest value of 0.25 ± 0.02 was reached for the CrNx coating deposited at 60 V after hydrogenation.
Requirement of FADD, NEMO, and BAX/BAK for Aberrant Mitochondrial Function in Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Necrosis

ABSTRACT Necroptosis represents a form of alternative programmed cell death that is dependent on the kinase RIP1. RIP1-dependent necroptotic death manifests as increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mitochondria and is accompanied by loss of ATP biogenesis and eventual dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential. Here, we show that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced necroptosis requires the adaptor proteins FADD and NEMO. FADD was found to mediate formation of the TNF-α-induced pronecrotic RIP1-RIP3 kinase complex, whereas the IκB Kinase (IKK) subunit NEMO appears to function downstream of RIP1-RIP3. Interestingly, loss of RelA potentiated TNF-α-dependent necroptosis, indicating that NEMO regulates necroptosis independently of NF-κB. Using both pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we demonstrate that the overexpression of antioxidants alleviates ROS elevation and necroptosis. Finally, elimination of BAX and BAK or overexpression of Bcl-xL protects cells from necroptosis at a later step. These findings provide evidence that mitochondria play an amplifying role in inflammation-induced necroptosis.
Melodic multi-feature paradigm reveals auditory profiles in music-sound encoding

Musical expertise modulates preattentive neural sound discrimination. However, this evidence up to great extent originates from paradigms using very simple stimulation. Here we use a novel melody paradigm (revealing the auditory profile for six sound parameters in parallel) to compare memory-related mismatch negativity (MMN) and attention-related P3a responses recorded from non-musicians and Finnish Folk musicians. MMN emerged in both groups of participants for all sound changes (except for rhythmic changes in non-musicians). In Folk musicians, the MMN was enlarged for mistuned sounds when compared with non-musicians. This is taken to reflect their familiarity with pitch information which is in key position in Finnish folk music when compared with e.g., rhythmic information. The MMN was followed by P3a after timbre changes, rhythm changes, and melody transposition. The MMN and P3a topographies differentiated the groups for all sound changes. Thus, the melody paradigm offers a fast and cost-effective means for determining the auditory profile for music-sound encoding and also, importantly, for probing the effects of musical expertise on it.
Dynamic tree embeddings in butterflies and hypercubes

This paper presents simple randomized algorithms for dynamically embedding M-node binary trees in either a butterfly or a hypercube network of N processors. These algorithms are dynamic in the sense that the tree to be embedded may start as one node and grow by dynamically spawning children. The nodes are incrementally embedded as they are spawned. Thus, the algorithm is especially suited for maintaining dynamic tree structures like those in divide-and-conquer and branch-and-bound algorithms.In the embeddings, the paper seeks to optimize the load on the processors of the network, the dilation of the tree edges, and the congestion on the network edges, in order to satisfy the demands of load balancing, process locality, and communication efficiency. The paper begins by presenting a simple level-by-level scheme for dynamically embedding trees in a butterfly network, and by successive modifications. The following results are obtained: 1. An embedding algorithm for the hypercube that achieves dilation 1 and, .
Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis functioning in anxiety disorders. A systematic review

Depression has repeatedly been linked to subclinical hypothyroidism, and thyroid hormones have successfully been used to augment antidepressant treatment. By contrast, the extent of thyroid dysfunction in anxiety disorders remains less clear. This is surprising, given that anxiety‐related symptoms (e.g., nervousness, palpitations, increased perspiration) are highly prevalent in hyperthyroidism. The present study was undertaken to synthesize the literature on hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis functioning in anxiety disorders. The PubMed and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched. Three types of studies were included: (1) “comorbidity studies” assessing the prevalence of thyroid disorders in individuals with anxiety disorders, (2) “case‐control studies” comparing HPT parameters between patients and controls, and (3) “correlational studies” assessing self‐reported anxiety levels and HPT parameters. Risk of bias was assessed via a standardized quality rating. Twenty studies were eligible. Nearly all found the comorbidity between anxiety and thyroid disorders was significant. Half of the studies additionally supported the notion of subtle thyroid dysfunction in that thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) responses to the administration of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) were blunted and an inverse relationship was observed between self‐reported anxiety levels and TSH. Overall, HPT assessments were well conducted, but several studies failed to adjust their analyses for smoking, body mass index (BMI), and depression. The findings resonate well with clinical recommendations to routinely screen for thyroid disorders in patients with anxiety disorders, and with what is known from basic research about thyroid–brain interactions. The results of the risk of bias assessment underscore the importance of further high‐quality experimental and longitudinal epidemiological research.
Modeling and predicting page-view dynamics on Wikipedia

The simplicity of producing and consuming online content makes it dicult to estimate how much attention will be devoted from Internet users to any given content. This work presents a general overview of temporal patterns in the access to content on a huge collaborative platform. We propose a model for predicting the popularity of promoted content, inspired by the analysis of the page-view dynamics on Wikipedia. Compared to previous studies, the observed popularity patterns are more complex; however, our model uses just few parameters to fully describe them. The model is validated through empirical measurements.
Diffusion and sorption behavior of HTO, Cs, I and U in mortar

Due to the accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), a large amount of contaminated water has been generated in such as the reactor building. Concrete materials of the building have been in contact with contaminated water for a long time, therefore radionuclides in contaminated water may be penetrating into these concrete materials. For developing the plans of decommissioning of NPP and waste management including decontamination and disposal, it is important to estimate radionuclides inventory and concentration distribution in the concrete materials. For this purpose, the present study focuses on understanding the sorption and diffusion behavior and related mechanisms in the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mortar. Effective diffusion coefficients (De) and sorption distribution coefficients (Kd) in OPC mortar for HTO, Cs, I and U as key radionuclides were measured by the through-diffusion and batch sorption experiments. As a result, De values of tracers derived were in the sequence of HTO ≈ I > Cs > U, implying that cation exclusion effects may be important mechanisms in OPC mortar. Kd values derived from diffusion and sorption experiments were consistently in the sequence of U > Cs > I, however, the near-surface disturbance in diffusion samples and crushed effect in batch sorption samples must be considered for Kd evaluation for high-sorbing radionuclides such as U.
Weak encoding of faces predicts socially influenced judgments of facial attractiveness

Conforming to the majority can be seen as a heuristic type of judgment, as it allows the individual to easily choose the most accurate or most socially acceptable type of behavior. People who process the currently to-be-judged items in a superficial, heuristic way should tend to conform to group judgment more than people processing these items in a systematic and elaborate way. We investigated this hypothesis using electroencephalography (EEG), analyzing whether the strength of neural encoding of faces was related to the tendency to adopt a group’s evaluative judgments regarding these faces. As expected, we found that the amplitude of the N170, a specific neural correlate of face encoding, was inversely related to conformity across participants: The weaker the faces were encoded, the more the majority response regarding the faces’ attractiveness was adopted instead of relying on the actual qualities of the faces. Applying neurophysiological methodology, we thus provide support for previous claims, based on behavioral data and theorizing, that social conformity is a heuristic type of judgment. We propose that weak encoding of judgment-relevant information is a typical, possibly even necessary, precursor of socially adjusted judgments, irrespective of one’s current motivational goal (i.e., to be accurate or accepted).
The ratio of arginine to dimethylarginines is reduced and predicts outcomes in patients with severe sepsis*

Objectives: Arginine deficiency may contribute to microvascular dysfunction, but previous studies suggest that arginine supplementation may be harmful in sepsis. Systemic arginine availability can be estimated by measuring the ratio of arginine to its endogenous inhibitors, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine. We hypothesized that the arginine-to-dimethylarginine ratio is reduced in patients with severe sepsis and associated with severity of illness and outcomes. Design: Case-control and prospective cohort study. Setting: Medical and surgical intensive care units of an academic medical center. Patients and Subjects: One hundred nine severe sepsis and 50 control subjects. Measurements and Main Results: Plasma and urine were obtained in control subjects and within 48 hrs of diagnosis in severe sepsis patients. The arginine-to-dimethylarginine ratio was higher in control subjects vs. sepsis patients (median, 95; interquartile range, 85–114; vs. median, 34; interquartile range, 24–48; p < .001) and in hospital survivors vs. nonsurvivors (median, 39; interquartile range, 26–52; vs. median, 27; interquartile range, 19–32; p = .004). The arginine-to-dimethylarginine ratio was correlated with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (Spearman's correlation coefficient [&rgr;] = − 0.40; p < .001) and organ-failure free days (&rgr; = 0.30; p = .001). A declining arginine-to-dimethylarginine ratio was independently associated with hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.63 per quartile; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–2.65; p = .048) and risk of death over the course of 6 months (hazard ratio, 1.41 per quartile; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.98; p = .043). The arginine-to-dimethylarginine ratio was correlated with the urinary nitrate-to-creatinine ratio (&rgr; = 0.46; p < .001). Conclusions: The arginine-to-dimethylarginine ratio is associated with severe sepsis, severity of illness, and clinical outcomes. The arginine-to-dimethylarginine ratio may be a useful biomarker, and interventions designed to augment systemic arginine availability in severe sepsis may still be worthy of investigation.
Metastatic spread in patients with gastric cancer

Background The epidemiology of metastatic gastric cancer is unexplored because cancer registries seldom cover metastatic involvement apart from “present or not”. We used a novel approach by utilizing Swedish registers to assess metastatic spread in gastric cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide description of metastases in gastric cancer. Results The most common sites of metastasis were liver (in 48% of metastatic cancer patients), peritoneum (32%), lung (15%), and bone (12%). Metastases to the lung, nervous system, and bone were more frequent in cardia cancer and men, whereas non-cardia cancer more frequently metastasized within the peritoneum. Signet ring adenocarcinomas more frequently metastasized within the peritoneum, bone and ovaries, and less frequently to the lungs and liver compared with generic adenocarcinoma. The liver and the peritoneum were commonly single metastases while lung metastases occurred frequently together with liver metastases. The median survival in metastatic gastric cancer was 3 months, worst among those with bone and liver metastases (2 months). Methods A total of 7,559 patients with gastric cancer were identified. Metastatic patterns and survival depending on sex, age, stage, anatomical location (cardia and non-cardia), and histological type were assessed. Conclusions The patterns of metastasis differ notably depending on histological type. Cardia cancer exhibits a completely different metastatic behavior than non-cardia cancer. Awareness of the differing patterns may guide in tailored diagnosis of metastases. Survivors from cardia cancer would benefit from increased surveillance of extraperitoneal metastases. Bone metastases should be considered in patients with signet ring adenocarcinoma if symptoms emerge.
Tailoring the ultra-soft magnetic properties of sputtered FineMET thin films for high-frequency power applications

This paper presents sputtered FineMET thin films with high saturation magnetic flux density and ultra-soft magnetic properties by maintaining an in-plane magnetization reversal process. The magnetic properties of FineMET thin films were investigated as a function of film thickness (40-517 nm) and annealing temperature (200-400 °C). The hysteresis loop study reveals that the films with low thickness (40 −316 nm) were perpendicularly magnetized in the as-deposited state. The ultra-soft magnetic properties (Hc=3 A/m) of the films were tailored by a thermal annealing process. A high relative permeability (μr) of 1763 of these films with a good loss performance up to 1 GHz, makes them attractive for high-frequency power applications.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of Alaska pollack (Theragra chalcogramma) skin and antioxidant activity of the resulting hydrolysate.

BACKGROUND Fish skin, a by-product of the food industry, contains a large amount of collagen. However, only a small proportion of fish skin is used in the production of leather materials and animal feedstuffs, most of it being discarded. The aims of this study were to prepare peptides from Alaska pollack (Theragra chalcogramma) skin by enzymatic hydrolysis and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the resulting hydrolysate. RESULTS Protamex was the most efficient enzyme for preparing antioxidant peptides from Alaska pollack skin. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were as follows: hydrolysis time 8 h; enzyme/substrate ratio 2:1000; skin/water ratio 1:6; temperature 55 degrees C; pH 6.0. Under these conditions the highest yield of peptides was 83.44%, with 85.95% of the hydrolysate being mainly composed of oligopeptides with molecular weights ranging from 180 to 1000 Da. The hydrolysate showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity, with an IC(50) value of 2.5 mg mL(-1), and its reducing power was 0.14 at 1 mg mL(-1), 53.8% of that of reduced glutathione at the same concentration. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the hydrolysate of Alaska pollack skin was mainly composed of oligopeptides with two to eight amino acid residues and possessed antioxidant activity.
Identification of Carnobacterium Species by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of the 16S-23S rRNA Gene Intergenic Spacer Region and Species-Specific PCR

ABSTRACT The genus Carnobacterium is currently divided into the following eight species: Carnobacterium piscicola, C. divergens, C. gallinarum, C. mobile, C. funditum, C. alterfunditum, C. inhibens, and C. viridans. An identification tool for the rapid differentiation of these eight Carnobacterium species was developed, based on the 16S-23S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) intergenic spacer region (ISR). PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of this 16S-23S rDNA ISR was performed in order to obtain restriction profiles for all of the species. Three PCR amplicons, which were designated small ISR (S-ISR), medium ISR (M-ISR), and large ISR (L-ISR), were obtained for all Carnobacterium species. The L-ISR sequence revealed the presence of two tRNA genes, tRNAAla and tRNAIle, which were separated by a spacer region that varied from 24 to 38 bp long. This region was variable among the species, allowing the design of species-specific primers. These primers were tested and proved to be species specific. The identification method based on the 16S-23S rDNA ISR, using PCR-RFLP and specific primers, is very suitable for the rapid low-cost identification and discrimination of all of the Carnobacterium species from other phylogenetically related lactic acid bacteria.
On bisimulations for the asynchronous n-calculus’

The asynchronous n-calculus is a variant of the n-calculus where message emission is nonblocking. Honda and Tokoro have studied a semantics for this calculus based on bisimulation. Their bisimulation relies on a modified transition system where, at any moment, a process can perform any input action. In this paper we propose a new notion of bisimulation for the asynchronous n-calculus, defined on top of the standard labelled transition system. We give several characterizations of this equivalence including one in terms of Honda and Tokoro’s bisimulation, and one in terms of barbed equivalence. We show that this bisimulation is preserved by name substitutions, hence by input prefix. Finally, we give a complete axiomatization of the (strong) bisimulation for finite terms. @ 1998-Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.