Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigation and analysis of the application of Web 2.0 in Chinese university libraries

– This paper aims to provide an overall picture of the application of Web 2.0 technologies in Chinese university libraries. The focus of the research is what types of Web 2.0 technologies were applied in such libraries as well as their function and user interface. , – The top 30 Chinese university libraries were selected to investigate the application of Web 2.0 technologies. Content analysis was used in terms of quantitative approach. Data were collected by accessing these 30 university libraries web sites within five weeks. , – Two‐thirds of Chinese university libraries deployed one or more Web 2.0 technologies. Only one‐tenth of libraries adopted more than four Web 2.0 technologies. RSS was the most widely applied, while Wiki was the least. The application of Web 2.0 technologies among Chinese university libraries was not extensive and profound enough. , – The findings can be utilized to evaluate the status of Web 2.0 technology applications. The statistical data are very useful and authentic sources for improving the level of Web 2.0 technology application. It may enable future research to analyze other aspects (e.g. the application of RSS or Blogs for services). , – This unique study explores the application of Web 2.0 mainly in Chinese university libraries that deployed any types of Web 2.0 technologies. This study is very useful for Chinese university libraries in evaluating/deploying Web 2.0. Library managers, librarians, and other libraries may also find this helpful, once they decide to implement such technologies in their libraries.
Nanosized Zinc Oxide Induces Toxicity in Human Lung Cells

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are increasingly used in sunscreens, biosensors, food additives, pigments, rubber manufacture, and electronic materials. With the wide application of ZnO-NPs, concern has been raised about its unintentional health and environmental impacts. This study investigates the toxic effects of ZnO-NPs in human lung cells. In order to assess toxicity, human lung epithelial cells (L-132) were exposed to dispersion of 50 nm ZnO-NPs at concentrations of 5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL for 24 h. The toxicity was evaluated by observing changes in cell morphology, cell viability, oxidative stress parameters, DNA damage analysis, and gene expression. Exposure to 50 nm ZnO-NPs at concentrations between 5 and 100 μg/mL decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Morphological examination revealed cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, and formation of apoptotic bodies. The oxidative stress parameters revealed significant depletion of GSH level and increase in ROS levels suggesting generation of oxidative stress. ZnO-NPs exposure caused DNA fragmentation demonstrating apoptotic type of cell death. ZnO-NPs increased the expression of metallothionein gene, which is considered as a biomarker in metal-induced toxicity. To summarize, ZnO-NPs cause toxicity in human lung cells possibly through oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
Early temperament and negative reactivity in boys with fragile X syndrome.

BACKGROUND The phenotype of children and adults with fragile X syndrome (FXS) includes a number of problem behaviours such as inattention, social anxiety and aggressive outbursts. However, very little work has been conducted with young children with FXS less than 5 years of age to examine the developmental pathway of problem behaviours in this population and to determine if later occurring problem behaviours may be rooted in early appearing temperament profiles. METHODS Parent ratings and laboratory-based behavioural observations of negative reactivity were examined in 25 3-year-old boys with FXS and compared with 64 typically developing boys matched on age. RESULTS Compared with the typically developing group, boys with FXS were rated by their parents as exhibiting less anger and sadness on the Child Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ), and they showed less facial sadness on the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery (Lab-TAB). No group differences were found on the Lab-TAB measures of distress vocalisations, bodily struggle, and facial anger; and anger peaked in the middle of the arm restraint episode for both groups. For boys with FXS, mental age was moderately positively correlated, and autistic behaviour was moderately negatively correlated, with sadness scores from the CBQ. CONCLUSIONS Our results show different behavioural profiles in very young children with FXS than reported in older-aged children with FXS which implies that temperamental differences and elevated problem behaviours reported in older-aged children with FXS may not be rooted in early temperament. This information is important to develop the phenotype of early development in FXS to facilitate early identification and treatment.
Observations of Mkn 421 in 2004 with HESS at large zenith angles

Mkn 421 was observed during a high flux state for nine nights in April and May 2004 with the fully operational High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) in Namibia. The observations were carried out at zenith angles of 60$^\circ$--65$^\circ$, which result in an average energy threshold of 1.5 TeV and a collection area reaching 2 km$^2$ at 10 TeV. Roughly 7000 photons from Mkn 421 were accumulated with an average gamma-ray rate of 8 photons/min. The overall significance of the detection exceeds 100 standard deviations. The light-curve of integrated fluxes above 2 TeV shows changes of the diurnal flux up to a factor of 4.3. For nights of high flux, intra-night variability is detected with a decay time of less than 1 hour. The time averaged energy spectrum is curved and is well described by a power-law with a photon index $\egamm$ and an exponential cutoff at $\ecut$ TeV and an average integral flux above 2 TeV of 3 Crab flux units. Significant variations of the spectral shape are detected with a spectral hardening as the flux increases. Contemporaneous multi-wavelength observations at lower energies (X-rays and gamma-rays above $\approx 300$ GeV) indicate smaller relative variability amplitudes than seen above 2 TeV during high flux state observed in April 2004.
Anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine versus 2% lignocaine during the surgical removal of the third molar: A comparative prospective study

Aim: The study aimed at evaluating the clinical efficacy of articaine over lidocaine in the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Objective: The objectives were to compare the onset of anesthesia, pain during injection, during the procedure and after the procedure, compare the duration of anesthesia, and need for re-anesthesia. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 70 subjects planned for surgical removal of mandibular third molars. Subjects were randomly administered one of two local anesthetics. The anesthetic agent used was unknown for the patient and the observer who performed the measurements. Results: The differences in latency with 4% articaine (56.57 ± 9.8 s) and with 2% lignocaine (88.26 ± 12.87 s), pain during procedure for articaine 1.31 ± 0.87 and for lignocaine 2.60 ± 1.06, pain after procedure was 0.89 ± 0.58 for articaine and 1.31 ± 1.05 for lignocaine, and mean duration of anesthetic effect for articaine was 231 ± 57.15 min and 174.80 ± 37.02 min for lignocaine, which was statistically significant. For re-anesthesia, 6 out of 35 patients needed re-anesthesia at the frequency of 8.57% for articaine and 13 out of 35 patients needed re-anesthesia at a frequency of 18.57% for lignocaine. Conclusion: The results proved that articaine had a significant faster onset of action and longer duration of action when compared to lignocaine. Hence, the pain experienced by the patients during and after the surgical procedure was significantly less. The study was concluded that articaine is a safe alternative to lignocaine, which is potent and effective in minor surgical procedures such as removal of mandibular third molars.
Delivering multicast messages in networks with mobile hosts

There is a strong trend toward integrating portable computers within existing data networks. Traditional network protocols were designed assuming a static view of network connectivity. A mobile host can connect to the network from different locations at different times. This has led to the emergence of a new set of problems with regard to addressing schemes and network protocols for accommodating mobility within existing networks. The authors present a protocol for delivering a multicast message exactly once to a group of mobile destinations. The protocol is based on a system model derived from an architecture developed by J. Ioannidis et al. (1991), for mobile internetworking, relying on mobile support stations within the fixed network to communicate with mobile hosts. <<ETX>>
Second window of preconditioning normalizes palmitate use for oxidation and improves function during low-flow ischaemia.

AIMS Although a major mechanism for cardioprotection is altered metabolism, little is known regarding metabolic changes in ischaemic preconditioning and subsequent ischaemia. Our objective was to examine the effects of the second window of preconditioning (SWOP), the delayed phase of preconditioning against infarction and stunning, on long-chain free fatty acid (LCFA) oxidation during ischaemia in chronically instrumented, conscious pigs. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied three groups: (i) normal baseline perfusion (n = 5); (ii) coronary artery stenosis (CAS; n = 5); (iii) CAS 24 h following 2 × 10 min coronary occlusions and 10 min reperfusion (n = 7). Ischaemia was induced by a left anterior descending (LAD) stenosis (40% flow reduction) for 90 min, dropping systolic wall thickening by 72%. LCFA oxidation was assessed following LAD infusion of (13)C palmitate, i.e. during control or stenosis, by in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance of the sampled myocardium. Stenosis reduced subendocardial blood flow subendocardially, but not subepicardial, yet induced transmural reductions in LCFA oxidation and increased non-oxidative glycolysis. During stenosis, preconditioned hearts showed normalized contributions of LCFA to oxidative ATP synthesis, despite increased lactate accumulation. SWOP induced a shift towards LCFA oxidation during stenosis, despite increased malonyl-CoA, and marked protection of contractile function with a significant improvement in systolic wall thickening. CONCLUSION Thus, the second window of preconditioning normalized oxidative metabolism of LCFA during subsequent ischaemia despite elevated non-oxidative glycolysis and malonyl-CoA and was linked to protection of regional contractile function resulting in improved mechanical performance. Interestingly, the metabolic responses occurred transmurally while ischaemia was restricted solely to the subendocardium.
Adolescent loneliness and social anxiety as predictors of bullying victimisation

Abstract This study examined the relationships between social loneliness, emotional loneliness, social anxiety and peer victimisation among 390 seventh- through ninth-grade secondary students. Data were collected in the fall and spring of the school year. Path analyses revealed that feelings of loneliness (both social and emotional) increased adolescents’ peer victimisation experiences, however social loneliness was associated with higher levels of peer victimisation than emotional loneliness in seventh and eighth grade. Early experiences of social anxiety significantly predicted bullying victimisation. Implications for research and intervention programmes are discussed.
Can treatment delay be utilized as a key variable for monitoring the pool of infectious tuberculosis in a population?

BACKGROUND A major goal of tuberculosis control programs is to stop community transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, this can not be rapidly accomplished because, in endemic areas, most of the population is already infected, serving as a reservoir that continuously contributes to the pool of infectious cases. Tuberculin surveys are the main tools used to monitor the infectious pool, but there are serious methodological constraints, and they require resources and expertise that are often unavailable. There is an urgent need for alternative means to monitor the epidemic at the local level. METHODOLOGY We investigated whether a systematic registration of treatment delay in the tuberculosis program records of the Amhara Region of Ethiopia could be utilized to estimate the infectious pool of tuberculosis. RESULTS The study showed that the total number of infectious days and hence an estimate of the infectious pool could be calculated by recording the treatment delay for new TB cases, retreatment cases and failures, and by estimating the number of undiagnosed cases. Of these categories, treatment delay among new smear-positive tuberculosis cases contributes the greatest number of infectious days. CONCLUSIONS A local tuberculosis program can use a systematic recording of treatment delay as a quantifiable variable to monitor the infectious pool, and can also serve as a key indicator of program performance.
Teaching life sciences to blind and visually impaired learners

This study reports on the teaching of life sciences (biology) to blind and visually impaired learners in South Africa at 11 special schools with specific reference to the development of science process skills in outcomes-based classrooms. Individual structured interviews were conducted with nine science educators teaching at the different special schools and focus group interviews with ten Grade 12 learners taking a life science at each of the schools. The interviews were video- and audio-taped by sighted observers. The data was transcribed and the results coded and classified for inter-pretation purposes. The study revealed learners' difficulties in applying science process skills because of lack of vision, lack of confidence, lack of motivation, etc. For example, one such skill, namely ‘tabulation’, remains a problem to most blind learners. The blind learners were also very seldom engaged in practical work and field trips. Practical activities were limited to very simple and elementary exercises that provided little intellectual challenge and did not call for advanced problem-solving skills. Learners had limited access to computers, encyclopaedias, sources of reference and relevant publications. Educators did however apply cooperative learning strategies in schools where totally blind and partially-sighted shared the same learning environment.
GROUP INVERSES FOR MATRICES OVER A BEZOUT DOMAIN

Suppose R is a Bezout domain. In this paper, some necessary and sufficient con- ditions for the existence of the group inverse for square matrix over R are given, the conditions for the existence of the group inverse of products of matrices are studied, and the equivalent conditions for reverse order law of group inverse of product of matrices are obtained. Also the existence and the representation of the group inverse for a class 2 × 2 block matrices over R are studied, and some well known relative results are generalized.
Moral Emotions and Partnership Jürgen Bracht

Actual behaviour is influenced in important ways by moral emotions, for instance guilt or shame (see among others Tangney et al., 2007). Beliefdependant models of social preferences using the framework of psychological games aim to consider such emotions to explain other-regarding behaviour. Our study links recent advances in psychological theory on moral emotions to belief-dependant models in economics. We find that – in addition to the positive effect of second-order beliefs and promises – individuals’ disposition to guilt (their proneness to respond in an evaluative way to personal transgressions) is an important determinant of kind behaviour. This applies to private as well as public settings. JEL classifications: C70, C91, D03, D82
GLProbs: Aligning multiple sequences adaptively

This paper proposes a simple and effective approach to improve the accuracy of multiple sequence alignment. We use a natural measure to estimate the similarity of the input sequences, and based on this measure, we align the input sequences differently. For example, for inputs with high similarity, we consider the whole sequences and align them globally, while for those with moderately low similarity, we may ignore the flank regions and align locally. To test the effectiveness of this approach, we have implemented a multiple sequence alignment tool called GLProbs, and compared its performance with a dozen leading alignment tools on three benchmark alignment databases. Our results show that GLProbs has the best accuracy for almost all testings.
Pruning Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Instance Retrieval

In this work, we focus on the problem of image instance retrieval with deep descriptors extracted from pruned Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The objective is to heavily prune convolutional edges while maintaining retrieval performance. To this end, we introduce both data-independent and data-dependent heuristics to prune convolutional edges, and evaluate their performance across various compression rates with different deep descriptors over several benchmark datasets. Further, we present an end-to-end framework to fine-tune the pruned network, with a triplet loss function specially designed for the retrieval task. We show that the combination of heuristic pruning and fine-tuning offers 5x compression rate without considerable loss in retrieval performance.
Determinants of homeowners' attitudes to the installation of high-voltage overhead transmission lines

This article deals comprehensively with factors which influence attitudes to the placement of high-voltage overhead transmission lines (HVOTLs). It employs an analytical schema which links the initial stimulus of the power lines' proposal in an area to Background and Socio-economic independent variables and a set of mediating variables. From a survey of 600 residents in three different domiciliary settings in Queensland, Australia, results indicate an absence of positive attitudes and, at best, neutral ones to HVOTL placement. By multinomial logistic regression, the study probes the grounds behind negativity and extreme negativity, uncovering direct links between these attitudes and certain of the variables included in the analytical schema.
Patient-Perceived Pressure from Clinicians for Labor Induction and Cesarean Delivery: A Population-Based Survey of U.S. Women.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether patient-perceived pressure from clinicians for labor induction or cesarean delivery is significantly associated with having these procedures. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Listening to Mothers III, a nationally representative survey of women 18-45 years who delivered a singleton infant in a U.S. hospital July 2011-June 2012 (N = 2,400). STUDY DESIGN Multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with perceived pressure and estimation of odds of induction and cesarean given perceived pressure. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Overall, 14.8 percent of respondents perceived pressure from a clinician for labor induction and 13.3 percent for cesarean delivery. Women who perceived pressure for labor induction had higher odds of induction overall (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.51; 95 percent confidence interval [CI]: 2.5-5.0) and without medical reason (aOR: 2.13; 95 percent CI: 1.3-3.4) compared with women who did not perceive pressure. Those perceiving pressure for cesarean delivery had higher odds of cesarean overall (aOR: 5.17; 95 percent CI: 3.2-8.4), without medical reason (aOR: 6.13; 95 percent CI: 3.4-11.1), and unplanned cesarean (aOR: 6.70; 95 percent CI: 4.0-11.3). CONCLUSIONS Patient-perceived pressure from clinicians significantly predicts labor induction and cesarean delivery. Efforts to reduce provider-patient miscommunication and minimize potentially unnecessary procedures may be warranted.
The Impact of Process-Oriented Syllabus on L2 Writing Ability: Focusing on Young and Adult Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners

The main objective addressed in this study was to investigate the effect of process (negotiated) syllabus on meaning-focused L2 writing in adult and young Iranian intermediate-level EFL learners. Using a stratified sampling method, a total of 104 intermediate EFL learners, 52 from each gender, with an age range of 12 to 28, were randomly assigned to four groups: two control groups and two experimental groups. In order to determine the effect of process-oriented syllabus on adult and young intermediate EFL learners’ productive competence, once the scores of the pretest and posttest were obtained, the descriptive and inferential statistics were implemented in data analysis procedure. The data were triangulated from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. The statistical analysis of the data revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group on the posttest of writing after receiving process (negotiated) syllabus. The results of this study also showed that adult experimental group outperformed those in the young experimental group on posttest of writing. The findings of this study can provide certain implications to educational policy makers, material developers, EFL teachers, and second language learners.
Another way of saying enough: environmental concern and popular mobilization in Kyrgyzstan

This article is a foray into the understudied issue of environmental protest politics in Central Asia. Specifically, it uses Kyrgyzstan as a case study to test the argument that environmental concerns mobilized people to engage in protest and in ways different from other kinds of protest. This essay presents the first systematic study of public opinion about the environment in Kyrgyzstan. It includes results from a 2009 nationwide survey, over 100 expert and elite interviews, and newspaper content analysis. Furthermore, it spatially analyzes these results to identify geographical variation in public perception and political event occurrence patterns. Protest engagement is a complex process determined by the interaction of several factors, and is not explained solely by affluence, rationality, or grievances. Eco-mobilization – collective political action about the environment – represents a class of protest events that offers a different view into mass discontent in the former Soviet Union and neo-patrimonial societies. The study finds that these political actions about the environment are not necessarily elite driven; there is a basic foundation of national concern and salience of these issues, and demonstrated environmental beliefs do help to explain protest behavior.