Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Observable Effects of a Photospheric Component on GRB and XRF Prompt Emission Spectrum

A thermal radiative component is likely to accompany the first stages of the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and X-ray flashes (XRFs). We analyze the effect of such a component on the observable spectrum, assuming that the observable effects are due to a dissipation process occurring below or near the thermal photosphere. We consider both the internal shock model and a "slow heating" model as possible dissipation mechanisms. For comparable energy densities in the thermal and leptonic components, the dominant emission mechanism is Compton scattering. This leads to a nearly flat energy spectrum (νFν ∝ ν0) above the thermal peak at ≈10-100 keV and below 10-100 MeV, for a wide range of optical depths 0.03 ≲ τγe ≲ 100, regardless of the details of the dissipation mechanism or the strength of the magnetic field. At lower energies steep slopes are expected, while above 100 MeV the spectrum depends on the details of the dissipation process. For higher values of the optical depth, a Wien peak is formed at 100 keV-1 MeV, and no higher energy component exists. For any value of τγe, the number of pairs produced does not exceed the baryon-related electrons by a factor of larger than a few. We conclude that dissipation near the thermal photosphere can naturally explain both the steep slopes observed at low energies and a flat spectrum above 10 keV, thus providing an alternative scenario to the optically thin synchrotron-SSC model.
Model of Adaptation-1-TOWARD A COMPREHENSIVE MODEL OF THE EMPLOYEE ADAPTATION DECISION PROCESS

In this paper we propose a model of how employees respond both to job dissatisfaction and to negative work emotions. Job dissatisfaction prompts a decision process that results in one of five behavioral responses intended to help the employee reduce dissatisfaction: Problem-Solving, Planned Exit, Avoidance, Equity-enhancing Retaliation or Capitulation. Negative emotions produce more impulsive forms of Exit, Avoidance and Retaliation that may or may not be adaptive. Each process is moderated by both situational (e.g., labor market conditions, group norms) and individual difference (e.g., perceived control, emotional reserve/control) variables. Organizational researchers have long been interested in how employees respond to dissatisfaction with work and life. More than a thousand studies have explored the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover (Rosse, 1991); probably half again that number have investigated the association between job satisfaction and other withdrawal behaviors, such as absence, lateness, goldbricking, and reduced productivity. As a result of this research activity, there is now substantial agreement that job satisfaction is generally, though weakly, negatively related to behaviors that represent withdrawal from, or avoidance of, unpleasant work conditions. Correlations have generally been strongest with voluntary turnover (or even more so, turnover intentions), followed by volitional absenteeism. The smaller body of evidence regarding job satisfaction-lateness relations suggests a more tentative relationship may also exist with this form of job withdrawal (Blau, 1994). Some evidence also suggests that there may be a "progression of withdrawal" beginning with lateness and culminating with resignation from the job (Gupta & Jenkins, 1982; Rosse, 1988). A step forward in this line of research took place in the last fifteen or so years, as researchers have compiled increasing evidence that behaviors such as these are better understood when considered as manifestations of broad underlying behavioral families. For example, Hanisch and her colleagues (Hanisch & Hulin, 1990, 1991; Hanisch, Hulin, & Roznowski, 1998) have shown that behaviors such as being late or
Evaluating vector space models with canonical correlation analysis*

Abstract Vector space models are used in language processing applications for calculating semantic similarities of words or documents. The vector spaces are generated with feature extraction methods for text data. However, evaluation of the feature extraction methods may be difficult. Indirect evaluation in an application is often time-consuming and the results may not generalize to other applications, whereas direct evaluations that measure the amount of captured semantic information usually require human evaluators or annotated data sets. We propose a novel direct evaluation method based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA), the classical method for finding linear relationship between two data sets. In our setting, the two sets are parallel text documents in two languages. A good feature extraction method should provide representations that reflect the semantic content of the documents. Assuming that the underlying semantic content is independent of the language, we can study feature extraction methods that capture the content best by measuring dependence between the representations of a document and its translation. In the case of CCA, the applied measure of dependence is correlation. The evaluation method is based on unsupervised learning, it is language- and domain-independent, and it does not require additional resources besides a parallel corpus. In this paper, we demonstrate the evaluation method on a sentence-aligned parallel corpus. The method is validated by showing that the obtained results with bag-of-words representations are intuitive and agree well with the previous findings. Moreover, we examine the performance of the proposed evaluation method with indirect evaluation methods in simple sentence matching tasks, and a quantitative manual evaluation of word translations. The results of the proposed method correlate well with the results of the indirect and manual evaluations.
Study of Globular Cluster M53: new variables, distance, metallicity

Aims. We study the variable star content of the globular cluster M53 to compute the physical parameters of the constituting stars and the distance of the cluster. Methods. Covering two adjacent seasons in 2007 and 2008, new photometric data are gathered for 3048 objects in the field of M53. By using the OIS (optimal image subtraction) method and subsequently TFA (trend filtering algorithm), we search for variables in the full sample by using discrete Fourier transformation and box-fitting least squares methods. We select variables based on the statistics related to these methods combined with visual inspection. Results. We identified 12 new variables (2 RR Lyrae stars, 7 short periodic stars – 3 of them are SX Phe stars – and 3 long-period variables). No eclipsing binaries were found in the present sample. Except for the 3 (hitherto unknown) Blazhko RR Lyrae (two RRab and an RRc) stars, no multiperiodic variables were found. We showed that after proper period shift, the PLC (period-luminositycolor) relation for the first overtone RR Lyrae sample tightly follows the one spanned by the fundamental stars. Furthermore, the slope is in agreement with that derived from other clusters. Based on the earlier Baade-Wesselink calibration of the PLC relations, the derived reddening-free distance modulus of M53 is 16.31 ± 0.04 mag, corresponding to a distance modulus of 18. 5m ag for the Large Magellanic Cloud. From the Fourier parameters of the RRab stars we obtained an average iron abundance of −1.58 ± 0.03 (error of the mean). This is ∼0.5 dex higher than the overall abundance of the giants as given in the literature and derived in this paper from the three-color photometry of giants. We suspect that the source of this discrepancy (observable also in other, low-metallicity clusters) is the lack of as ufficient number of low-metallicity objects in the calibrating sample of the Fourier method.
Analysis of an Adaptive Finite Element Method for Recovering the Robin Coefficient

Based on a new a posteriori error estimator, an adaptive finite element method is proposed for recovering the Robin coefficient involved in a diffusion system from some boundary measurement. The a posteriori error estimator cannot be derived for this ill-posed nonlinear inverse problem as was done for the existing a posteriori error estimators for direct problems. Instead, we shall derive the a posteriori error estimator from our convergence analysis of the adaptive algorithm. We prove that the adaptive algorithm guarantees a convergent subsequence of discrete solutions in an energy norm to some exact triplet (the Robin coefficient, state and costate variables) determined by the optimality system of the least-squares formulation with Tikhonov regularization for the concerned inverse problem. Some numerical results are also reported to illustrate the performance of the algorithm.
Reevaluation of analytical methods for photogenerated singlet oxygen

The aim of the present study is to compare different analytical methods for singlet oxygen and to discuss an appropriate way to evaluate the yield of singlet oxygen photogenerated from photosensitizers. Singlet oxygen photogenerated from rose bengal was evaluated by electron spin resonance analysis using sterically hindered amines, spectrophotometric analysis of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran oxidation, and analysis of fluorescent probe (Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green®). All of the analytical methods could evaluate the relative yield of singlet oxygen. The sensitivity of the analytical methods was 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran < electron spin resonance < Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green®. However, Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green® could be used only when the concentration of rose bengal was very low (<1 µM). In addition, since the absorption spectra of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran is considerably changed by irradiation of 405 nm laser, photosensitizers which are excited by light with a wavelength of around 400 nm such as hematoporphyrin cannot be used in the 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran oxidation method. On the other hand, electron spin resonance analysis using a sterically hindered amine, especially 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol and 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-3-carboxamide, had proper sensitivity and wide detectable range for the yield of photogenerated singlet oxygen. Therefore, in photodynamic therapy, it is suggested that the relative yield of singlet oxygen generated by various photosensitizers can be evaluated properly by electron spin resonance analysis.
The pattern of verbal, visuospatial and procedural learning in Richardson variant of progressive supranuclear palsy in comparison to Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVES Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is regarded either within spectrum of atypical parkinsonian syndromes or frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We compared the verbal, visuospatial and procedural learning profiles in patients with PSP and Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, the relationship between executive factors (initiation and inhibition) and learning outcomes was analyzed. METHODS Thirty-three patients with the clinical diagnosis of PSP-Richardson's syndrome (PSP-RS), 39 patients with PD and 29 age -and education -matched controls were administered Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), phonemic and semantic fluency tasks, Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Visual Learning and Memory Test for Neuropsychological Assessment by Lamberti and Weidlich (Diagnosticum für Cerebralschädigung, DCS), Tower of Toronto (ToT) and two motor sequencing tasks. Patients with PSP-RS and PD were matched in terms of MMSE scores and mood. RESULTS Performance on DCS was lower in PSP-RS than in PD. AVLT delayed recall was better in PSP-RS than PD. Motor sequencing task did not differentiate between patients. Scores on AVLT correlated positively with phonemic fluency scores in both PSP-RS and PD. ToT rule violation scores were negatively associated with DCS performance in PSP-RS and PD as well as with AVLT performance in PD. CONCLUSIONS Global memory performance is relatively similar in PSP-RS and PD. Executive factors (initiation and inhibition) are closely related to memory performance in PSP-RS and PD. Visuospatial learning impairment in PSP-RS is possibly linked to impulsivity and failure to inhibit automatic responses.
Stable isotopes predict reproductive performance of European starlings breeding in anthropogenic environments

Understanding reproductive performance in ecologically impoverished vs. more sustained anthropogenic habitats is critical to assess population health status and to develop land use and conservation management strategies. We compared resource-based maternal effects, reproductive performance, and offspring quality in a model migratory passerine bird, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). We assessed female condition, quantity of egg constituents, quality of diet consumed during egg formation, and nestling growth and survival in two habitats: cultivated farmland and meadows. Egg, albumin, and shell mass were greater at the meadow site, while yolk mass did not differ significantly between sites; albumin mass most strongly predicted egg mass. Stable isotope enrichment (δ15N and δ13C) in yolk but not albumin suggests a broader range of diet for yolk formation at the meadow site but could also reflect different hydric conditions between sites. δ13C and δ15N enrichment did not predict yolk, albumin, or egg mass. Concentration of yolk testosterone was higher at the meadow site and correlated with δ13C enrichment in yolk. Nestling survival was higher in the meadow than in the farmland site and corresponded to egg mass and δ13C enrichment in lipid-free yolk. Surviving nestlings were larger in the meadow than in the farmland site. Results indicate that agricultural practice influences reproductive output through resource-based maternal effects. The analyses of isotopic and biochemical composition of small samples of yolk and albumin may provide a minimally invasive tool to assess individual reproductive performance and predict impacts of habitat quality on population health.
Large time behavior of solutions of viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equations with superquadratic Hamiltonian

We study the long-time behavior of the unique viscosity solution $u$ of the viscous Hamilton-Jacobi Equation $u_t-\Delta u + |Du|^m = f\hbox{in }\Omega\times (0,+\infty)$ with inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, where $\Omega$ is a bounded domain of $\mathbb{R}^N$. We mainly focus on the superquadratic case ($m>2$) and consider the Dirichlet conditions in the generalized viscosity sense. Under rather natural assumptions on $f,$ the initial and boundary data, we connect the problem studied to its associated stationary generalized Dirichlet problem on one hand and to a stationary problem with a state constraint boundary condition on the other hand.
Childhood Material Hardship and Externalizing Behavior

Abstract The role of socioeconomic status (SES) in the etiology of childhood externalizing behavior remains unclear, especially within developmental models. Many scholars argue that material hardship (i.e. inability to meet basic needs such as food and shelter) is a better indicator of economic pressure than economic hardship (i.e. income), yet material hardship is seldom considered. We draw on a longitudinal sample of young males in the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study (n = 1,135) and contrast the influence of persistent material hardship with that of economic hardship. Results indicate that the experience of heightened material hardship, irrespective of economic hardship, matters. High-material hardship triples the odds of externalizing behavior by age 9 compared to those in a low-material hardship group. Effects are partially mediated by parental supervision, child diligence, and children’s bonds to school. Findings warrant further investigation of material hardship and its impact on children’s externalizing behavior.
Fully Integrated CMOS Radios from RF to Millimeter Wave Frequencies

This paper reviews (a) recent CMOS demonstrations of capabilities for Radio Frequency (RF), microwave, and millimeter wave circuits from 1 GHz to 100 GHz, (b) advances in on-die isolation structures for integrating radio’s delicate circuits with very noisy general-purpose processors on the same die, and (c) entirely novel design methods for complex RF passive networks on the package substrate by engineering the physical design of the package substrate (no discrete passive components added to the package) that diminish the silicon area requirements for multiband multiprotocol CMOS radios and frees silicon area to host complex digital processing and communication engines. Circuit design techniques are discussed to cope with intrinsic CMOS challenges and technology scaling. Building upon these developments, a vision for CMOS technology and platform direction is proposed.
Grabbing at an angle: menu selection for fabric interfaces

This paper investigates the pinch angle as a menu selection technique for two-dimensional foldable textile controllers. Based on the principles of marking menus, the selection of a menu item is performed by grabbing a fold at a specific angle, while changing value is performed by rolling the fold between the fingers. In a first experiment we determined an upper bound for the number of different angles users can reliably grab into a piece of fabric on their forearm. Our results show that users can, without looking at it, reliably grab fabric on their forearm with an average accuracy between 30° and 45°, which would provide up to six different menu options selectable with the initial pinch. In a second experiment, we show that our textile sensor, Grabrics, can detect fold angles at 45° spacing with up to 85% accuracy. Our studies also found that user performance and workload are independent of the fabric types that were tested.
FOCUSS-based dictionary learning algorithms

Algorithms for data-driven learning of domain-specific over complete dictionaries are developed to obtain maximum likelihood and maximum a posteriori dictionary estimates based on the use of Bayesian models with concave/Schur- concave negative log-priors. Such priors are appropriate for obtaining sparse representations of environmental signals within an appropriately chosen dictionary. The elements of the dictionary can be interpreted as 'concepts,' features or 'words' capable of succinct expression of events encountered in the environment. This is a generalization of vector quantization in that one is interested in a description involving a few dictionary entries, but not necessarily as succinct as one entry. To learn an environmentally-adapted dictionary capable of concise expression of signals generated by the environment, we develop algorithms that iterate between a representative set of sparse representations found by variants of FOCUSS, an affine scaling transformation (ACT)-like sparse signal representation algorithm recently developed at UCSD, and an update of the dictionary using these sparse representations.
Stage-Specific Role of Endogenous Smad2 Activation in Cardiomyogenesis of Embryonic Stem Cells

The role of Smads and their specific ligands during cardiomyogenesis in ES cells was examined. Smad2 was activated bimodally in the early and late phases of cardiac differentiation, whereas Smad1 was activated after the middle phase. Nodal and Cripto were expressed in the early stage and then downregulated, whereas transforming growth factor-β and activin were expressed only in the late phase. Suppression of early Smad2 activation by SB-431542 produced complete inhibition of endodermal and mesodermal induction but augmented neuroectodermal differentiation, followed by poor cardiomyogenesis, whereas inhibition during the late phase alone promoted cardiomyogenesis. Inhibitory effect of Smad2 on cardiomyogenesis in the late phase was mainly mediated by transforming growth factor-β, and inhibition of transforming growth factor-β–mediated Smad2 activation resulted in a greater replicative potential in differentiated cardiac myocytes and enhanced differentiation of nonmyocytes into cardiac myocytes. Thus, endogenous Smad2 activation is indispensable for endodermal and mesodermal induction in the early phase. In the late phase, endogenous transforming growth factor-β negatively regulates cardiomyogenesis through Smad2 activation by modulating proliferation and differentiation of cardiac myocytes.
Impact of TQM Practices on Firm's Performance of Pakistan's Manufacturing Organizations

This empirical study examines the association between total quality management (TQM) practices and performance, i.e. quality, business, and organizational performance. The quantitative data were obtained through a survey from 171 quality managers of Pakistan’s manufacturing industry. T his study supports the hypothesis that TQM practices positively impact the performance. TQM tools and techniques (Incentive and Recognition System, Process, Monitoring and Control and Continuous Improvement) and Behavioral factors (Fact based - management, t op management’s commitment to quality, employee involvement and customer focus) contribute to the successful implementation of TQM. The study reports that successful adoption and implementation of TQM practices results in improving the performance of organ ization. The main implication of the findings for managers is that with TQM practices, manufacturing organizations are more likely to achieve better performance in customer satisfaction, employee relations, quality and business performance than without TQM
Perception of Graduates in Their Educational Experience and Readiness to Take the Criminology Licensure Examination

Academic exercises and practical training are provided for the students as part of the prestige preparation of the school. The research aimed to draw the perceptions of students on their expectations, quality of teaching, roles and responsibilities, and confidence to take the licensure examination for criminologists. The researcher used the qualitative method of focused-group discussion in drawing out the perception of students on their expectations, quality of teaching, role and responsibilities, and confidence to take the board exam. This study focused on the expectations of the 12 graduating students of the criminology program of Saint Michael College of Caraga, pioneering batch 2016. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the pioneering class was satisfied in their fouryear course as most of their expectations were realized during their studies. Respondents are also prepared for any jobs related to their course that will be offered as they acquired most of the basic duties and responsibilities. However, enhancement review is not sufficient for them to pass the board exam. Thus, a regular review program will help them prepare to become licensed criminologists
Deep Correlation Features for Image Style Classification

This paper presents a comprehensive study of deep correlation features on image style classification. Inspired by that correlation between feature maps can effectively describe image texture, we design and transform various such correlations into style vectors, and investigate classification performance brought by different variants. In addition to intra-layer correlation, we also propose inter-layer correlation and verify its benefit. Through extensive experiments on image style classification and artist classification, we demonstrate that the proposed style vectors significantly outperforms CNN features coming from fully-connected layers, as well as outperforms the state-of-the-art deep representation.