Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glutamate Receptors in Perirhinal Cortex Mediate Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation of Object Recognition Memory

Object recognition is consistently impaired in human amnesia and animal models thereof. Results from subjects with permanent brain damage have revealed the importance of the perirhinal cortex to object recognition memory. Here, we report evidence from rats for interdependent but distinct stages in object recognition memory (encoding, retrieval, and consolidation), which require glutamate receptor activity within perirhinal cortex. Transient blockade of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission within perirhinal cortex disrupted encoding for short- and long-term memory as well as retrieval and consolidation. In contrast, transient NMDA receptor blockade during encoding affected only long-term object recognition memory; NMDA receptor activity was also necessary for consolidation but not retrieval. These results further demonstrate the importance of perirhinal cortex for object recognition memory and suggest that, as in the hippocampus, AMPA and NMDA receptors mediate synaptic transmission and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, respectively, in several stages of memory processing.
Growth hormone increases beta-cell proliferation in transplanted human and fetal rat islets.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to increase the number of human islet beta-cells after transplantation with injections of human growth hormone (hGH). INTERVENTIONS Human islets and fetal rat islets were transplanted under the left kidney capsule and under the right kidney capsule, respectively in nude normoglycemic mice which were then given a daily injection of 200 microg hGH for 1-4 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Beta-cell proliferation was determined using thymidine incorporation and the beta-cell area was assessed using light microscopy. RESULTS Mice given hGH increased their body weight one week after transplantation and had a more efficient removal of glucose after 3 and 4 weeks. Treatment with hGH resulted in increased beta-cell proliferation in human and fetal rat beta-cells, and the beta-cell area tended to increase. However, serum insulin concentrations and pancreas insulin content remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS hGH increased the proliferation of transplanted human beta-cells as well as improving the glucose tolerance of the transplanted mice.
RAD51C deficiency in mice results in early prophase I arrest in males and sister chromatid separation at metaphase II in females

RAD51C is a member of the RecA/RAD51 protein family, which is known to play an important role in DNA repair by homologous recombination. In mice, it is essential for viability. Therefore, we have generated a hypomorphic allele of Rad51c in addition to a null allele. A subset of mice expressing the hypomorphic allele is infertile. This infertility is caused by sexually dimorphic defects in meiotic recombination, revealing its two distinct functions. Spermatocytes undergo a developmental arrest during the early stages of meiotic prophase I, providing evidence for the role of RAD51C in early stages of RAD51-mediated recombination. In contrast, oocytes can progress normally to metaphase I after superovulation but display precocious separation of sister chromatids, aneuploidy, and broken chromosomes at metaphase II. These defects suggest a possible late role of RAD51C in meiotic recombination. Based on the marked reduction in Holliday junction (HJ) resolution activity in Rad51c-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we propose that this late function may be associated with HJ resolution.
Using skin conductance and facial electromyography to measure emotional responses to tourism advertising

Although an objective and increasingly common technique in marketing, media and psychology, psychophysiological measures are rarely used in tourism research to detect tourism consumers’ spontaneous emotional responses. This study examines the use of psychophysiological measures in tourism and in particular explores the usefulness of skin conductance (SC) and facial electromyography (EMG) methods in tracking emotional responses to destination advertisements. Thirty-three participants were exposed to three destination advertisements while their self-report ratings, real-time SC and facial EMG data as well as post hoc interview data were obtained. The results demonstrate that, compared with self-report measures, psychophysiological measures are able to better distinguish between different destination advertisements, and between different dimensions of emotion. Participants’ affective experience reported in post hoc interviews was found to be consistent with emotional peaks identified from continuous facial EMG and SC monitoring. These results validate the ability of psychophysiological techniques to capture moment-to-moment emotional responses and it is concluded that psychophysiological methods are useful in measuring emotional responses to tourism advertising. Methodological insights regarding the constraints associated with the use and application of psychophysiological methods are discussed.
The efficient index hypothesis and its implications in the BSM model

This article studies the behavior of an index It which is assumed to be a tradable security, to satisfy the BSM model dIt/It = μdt + σdWt, and to be efficient in the following sense: we do not expect a prespecified trading strategy whose value is almost surely always nonnegative to outperform the index greatly. The efficiency of the index imposes severe restrictions on its appreciation rate; in particular, for a long investment horizon we should have μ ≈ r + σ2, where r is the interest rate. This provides another partial solution to the equity premium puzzle. All our mathematical results are extremely simple.
Minor structural abnormalities in the infant face disrupt neural processing: A unique window into early caregiving responses

Infant faces elicit early, specific activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a key cortical region for reward and affective processing. A test of the causal relationship between infant facial configuration and OFC activity is provided by naturally occurring disruptions to the face structure. One such disruption is cleft lip, a small change to one facial feature, shown to disrupt parenting. Using magnetoencephalography, we investigated neural responses to infant faces with cleft lip compared with typical infant and adult faces. We found activity in the right OFC at 140 ms in response to typical infant faces but diminished activity to infant faces with cleft lip or adult faces. Activity in the right fusiform face area was of similar magnitude for typical adult and infant faces but was significantly lower for infant faces with cleft lip. This is the first evidence that a minor change to the infant face can disrupt neural activity potentially implicated in caregiving.
Excessive Internet use and psychopathology: the role of coping

Objective: In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association included Internet Gaming Disorder in the diagnostic manual as a condition which requires further research, indicating the scientific and clinical community are aware of potential health concerns as a consequence of excessive Internet use. From a clinical point of view, it appears that excessive/addictive Internet use is often comorbid with further psychopathologies and assessing comorbidity is relevant in clinical practice, treatment outcome and prevention as the probability to become addicted to using the Internet accelerates with additional (sub)clinical symptoms. Moreover, research indicates individuals play computer games excessively to cope with everyday stressors and to regulate their emotions by applying media-focused coping strategies, suggesting pathological computer game players play in order to relieve stress and to avoid daily hassles. The aims of this research were to replicate and extend previous findings and explanations of the complexities of the relationships between excessive Internet use and Internet addiction, psychopathology and dysfunctional coping strategies. Method: Participants included 681 Polish university students sampled using an online battery of validated psychometric instruments. Results: Results of structural equation models revealed dysfunctional coping strategies (i.e., distraction, denial, self-blame, substance use, venting, media use, and behavioural disengagement) significantly predict excessive Internet use, and the data fit the theoretical model well. A second SEM showed media-focused coping and substance use coping significantly mediate the relationship between psychopathology (operationalised via the Global Severity Index) and excessive Internet use. Conclusions: The findings lend support to the self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders, and suggest psychopathology and dysfunctional coping have additive effects on excessive Internet use.
Role of the nuclear envelope in calcium signalling

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major Ca2+ store inside the cell. Its organisation in specialised subdomains allows the local delivery of Ca2+ to specific cell areas on stimulation. The nuclear envelope (NE), which is continuous with the ER, has a double role: it insulates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm and it stores Ca2+ around the nucleus. Furthermore, all the constituents of the signalling cascade leading to Ca2+ mobilisation are found in the NE; this allows the nuclear Ca2+ to be regulated autonomously. On the other hand, cytosolic Ca2+ transients can propagate within the nucleus via the nuclear pore complex. The variations in nuclear Ca2+ concentration are important for controlling gene transcription and progression in the cell cycle. Recent data suggest that invaginations of the NE modify the morphology of the nucleus and may affect Ca2+ dynamics in the nucleus and regulate transcriptional activity.
Identifying and Prioritization of Challenges and Barriers of E-commerce Implementation in Iran

Nowadays, with the expansion of Internet, tools have been built to help vendors to set up Web stores, building the store databases and managing the order processing and payment transactions. These tools typically do not focus on issues like the personalization of the interaction with the customers. But, using of these tools commonly has a barriers and challenges especially in implementation. In this article we are identifying the important challenges and barrier of e-commerce implementation in Iran. So, we prioritized those challenges to finding the most important challenges among them. Finally we suggest many courses of action to solving those barriers and challenges. For this goal, we use AHP method to challenges prioritization. Since many of our data are qualitative and such data might be ambiguous, we transform the qualitative terms into quantitative terms by using the fuzzy collections. Then we use Fuzzy AHP (FAHP). Key word: Barriers and challengese-commerce implementationFAHPfuzzy approach
Towards empowerment : narrative study of counselling psychology trainees and how they make sense of their personal and professional development in the context of their past experiences

The discipline of counselling psychology continues to grow and change in response to social, economic and political pressures. It has been argued that its quest for a coherent and distinct identity, which emphasises the possibility of the coexistence of multiple approaches, creates an inherently uncertain and dilemmatic training environment that may hinder the development of trainees’ professional identities. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the issue at hand, the aim was to explore how final year trainees and newly qualified counselling psychologists constructed and made sense of their emerging professional identities and what experiences, past and present, they drew upon in the context of their training to shape those identities. Applying narrative inquiry to analyse eight open-ended interviews, eight preliminary themes were originally identified in participants’ narratives, which with further refinements lead to stories of struggle and marginalisation, growth and discovery, and power and resilience. Participants’ stories of struggle and marginalisation emerged in reference to early family dynamics and stressful life experiences, which seemed to also foster a strong identification with the counselling psychology profession, while stories of growth and discovery focused on the importance of having supportive figures, who helped to instill a sense of security and create an atmosphere of openness. It was in this learning environment that participants felt it was possible to develop a more resilient, empowered professional self, which allowed them to shed an earlier sense of struggle and vulnerability. However, where more of an emphasis was placed on power and resilience, there seemed to be less room for participants to express other feelings that came into conflict with their preferred sense of professional self. While there seems to be a need for a ‘safer’ climate, in which trainees could voice and acknowledge anxieties, vulnerabilities and limitations, addressing concerns around power and vulnerability that may be contributing to the silencing of particular voices and identities may be equally important if trainees are to develop coherent and distinct counselling psychologist identities.
Adaptive learning environments for CS education: from AMLE to live spaces

The move to online learning environment for the global delivery of Australian CS programs has heightened the need for adaptive interactive learning environments. Research has indicated that adaptive and interactive online CS learning environments play a useful role in the provision of lifelong learning but these needs are not being fully met by current tools or COTS systems. This paper builds on a previous implementation of an adaptive multimedia learning environment, (AMLE), a networked multimedia learning environment which attempts to provide the functionality of a traditional intelligent tutoring system and looks at the support of CS learning by the provision of new highly-integrated and context aware tools.
MODES OF ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEM-SOLVING: THE PROBLEM OF “THE PROBLEM” IN COLLABORATIVE DESIGN

This paper explores theories underlying the design and development of organizational information systems (IS). It summarizes and compares two very different perspectives on IS design and development: design as the (individual) solution of organizational "problems" and design as the (joint) construction of sociocultural artifacts. The different paradigms of operation engendered by these perspectives is discussed in terms of its implications for information system development (ISD) methods and the management of IS-related organizational change.
A Novel Splice Variant in the N-propeptide of COL5A1 Causes an EDS Phenotype with Severe Kyphoscoliosis and Eye Involvement

Background The Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a heritable connective tissue disorder characterized by hyperextensible skin, joint hypermobility and soft tissue fragility. The classic subtype of EDS is caused by mutations in one of the type V collagen genes (COL5A1 and COL5A2). Most mutations affect the type V collagen helical domain and lead to a diminished or structurally abnormal type V collagen protein. Remarkably, only two mutations were reported to affect the extended, highly conserved N-propeptide domain, which plays an important role in the regulation of the heterotypic collagen fibril diameter. We identified a novel COL5A1 N-propeptide mutation, resulting in an unusual but severe classic EDS phenotype and a remarkable splicing outcome. Methodology/Principal Findings We identified a novel COL5A1 N-propeptide acceptor-splice site mutation (IVS6-2A>G, NM_000093.3_c.925-2A>G) in a patient with cutaneous features of EDS, severe progressive scoliosis and eye involvement. Two mutant transcripts were identified, one with an exon 7 skip and one in which exon 7 and the upstream exon 6 are deleted. Both transcripts are expressed and secreted into the extracellular matrix, where they can participate in and perturb collagen fibrillogenesis, as illustrated by the presence of dermal collagen cauliflowers. Determination of the order of intron removal and computational analysis showed that simultaneous skipping of exons 6 and 7 is due to the combined effect of delayed splicing of intron 7, altered pre-mRNA secondary structure, low splice site strength and possibly disturbed binding of splicing factors. Conclusions/Significance We report a novel COL5A1 N-propeptide acceptor-splice site mutation in intron 6, which not only affects splicing of the adjacent exon 7, but also causes a splicing error of the upstream exon 6. Our findings add further insights into the COL5A1 splicing order and show for the first time that a single COL5A1 acceptor-splice site mutation can perturb splicing of the upstream exon.
Dealing with disturbances: Intervention and adaptation in Finnish neighbourhoods

This article investigates neighbourhood social dynamics with the help of two attitude dimensions discovered in earlier qualitative research: the threshold of intervention and adaptation. The data come from a nationally representative Finnish Neighbourhood Survey (N = 760) conducted in 2012. Our results show that adaptation and intervention characterise neighbourhood interaction in our survey data set as well. The threshold of intervention is higher among the residents of detached houses and those without strong ties in the neighbourhood. Adaptation is associated with low income and living in a detached house. However, different types of neighbours created on the basis of adaptation and intervention provide a richer picture of the phenomenon and more powerful explanations. The suggestions for future research and theoretical implications of the results are discussed.
QSOs from the variability and proper motion survey in the M 3 field

We present results of the spectroscopical follow-up observations of QSO candidates from a combined variability and proper motion (VPM) survey in a � 10 square degrees region centered on the globular cluster M3. The search is based on a large number of digitised Schmidt plates with a time-baseline of three decades. This paper reviews the candidate selection, the follow-up spectroscopy, and general properties of the resulting QSO sample. In total, 175 QSOs and Sey1s were identified among the objects from the VPM survey, with 114 QSOs and 10 Sey1s up to the pre-estimated 90% completeness limit of the survey at Blim � 19.7. The redshift range of the QSOs is 0.4 < z < 3. Among the 80 QSO candidates of highest priority we confirm 75 QSOs/Sey1s and 2 NELGs. We present magnitudes, colours, redshifts, and variability indices for all 181 identified QSOs/Sey1s/NELGs and spectra for the 77 QSOs/Sey1s/NELGs from our spectroscopic follow-up observations. The VPM survey uses selection criteria that are not directly relying on the spectral energy distribution of QSOs. It is therefore remarkable that the properties of the VPM QSOs do not significantly differ from those of samples from colour selection or slitless spectroscopy. In particular, we do not detect a substantial number of unusually red QSOs. The total surface density of the brighter QSOs (17 � B � 18.5) in our search field is found to be by a factor of � 1.8 larger than that derived from previous optical surveys.
How culture gets embrained: Cultural differences in event-related potentials of social norm violations

Significance Despite the fact that social norms are a fundamental aspect of human nature, there has been little research on how social norm violations are detected at the neurobiological level. Combining a new social norm violation paradigm with cross-cultural electroencephalography, we show consistent negative deflection of event-related potential around 400 ms (N400) over the central and parietal regions for both Americans and Chinese in detecting norm violations. However, the N400 at the frontal and temporal regions was evident only among Chinese, illustrating culture-specific neural substrates underlying detecting norm violations. Moreover, the frontal N400 was associated with greater cultural superiority and self-control, as well as lower creativity. The findings shed new light on the neurobiology of the detection of social norm violations. Humans are unique among all species in their ability to develop and enforce social norms, but there is wide variation in the strength of social norms across human societies. Despite this fundamental aspect of human nature, there has been surprisingly little research on how social norm violations are detected at the neurobiological level. Building on the emerging field of cultural neuroscience, we combine noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG) with a new social norm violation paradigm to examine the neural mechanisms underlying the detection of norm violations and how they vary across cultures. EEG recordings from Chinese and US participants (n = 50) showed consistent negative deflection of event-related potential around 400 ms (N400) over the central and parietal regions that served as a culture-general neural marker of detecting norm violations. The N400 at the frontal and temporal regions, however, was only observed among Chinese but not US participants, illustrating culture-specific neural substrates of the detection of norm violations. Further, the frontal N400 predicted a variety of behavioral and attitudinal measurements related to the strength of social norms that have been found at the national and state levels, including higher culture superiority and self-control but lower creativity. There were no cultural differences in the N400 induced by semantic violation, suggesting a unique cultural influence on social norm violation detection. In all, these findings provided the first evidence, to our knowledge, for the neurobiological foundations of social norm violation detection and its variation across cultures.
Substrate-selective and Calcium-independent Activation of CaMKII by α-Actinin*

Background: Synaptic signaling is modulated by protein-protein interactions involving receptor ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins, and protein kinases. Results: α-Actinin enhances CaMKII signaling to GluN2B-NMDARs, but interferes with CaMKII signaling to GluA1-AMPARs. Conclusion: CaMKII actions on key synaptic targets can be differentially modulated by a Ca2+-independent interaction with α-actinin. Significance: These findings provide new molecular insights into the synaptic mechanisms underlying learning and memory. Protein-protein interactions are thought to modulate the efficiency and specificity of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signaling in specific subcellular compartments. Here we show that the F-actin-binding protein α-actinin targets CaMKIIα to F-actin in cells by binding to the CaMKII regulatory domain, mimicking CaM. The interaction with α-actinin is blocked by CaMKII autophosphorylation at Thr-306, but not by autophosphorylation at Thr-305, whereas autophosphorylation at either site blocks Ca2+/CaM binding. The binding of α-actinin to CaMKII is Ca2+-independent and activates the phosphorylation of a subset of substrates in vitro. In intact cells, α-actinin selectively stabilizes CaMKII association with GluN2B-containing glutamate receptors and enhances phosphorylation of Ser-1303 in GluN2B, but inhibits CaMKII phosphorylation of Ser-831 in glutamate receptor GluA1 subunits by competing for activation by Ca2+/CaM. These data show that Ca2+-independent binding of α-actinin to CaMKII differentially modulates the phosphorylation of physiological targets that play key roles in long-term synaptic plasticity.