Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Reflective Journal Writing Improve Course Performance?

Abstract. This study investigated whether a reflective journal writing assignment would improve students' course performance. A total of 166 students from undergraduate sections of a course taught by the same instructor over three semesters completed the assignment as part of their requirements. Students (N = 317) from five previous semesters of the same course taught by the same instructor, who were not required to complete the assignment, served as a comparison group. Intervention and comparison groups were comparable on a variety of variables including all assignments, excepting the journal assignment. The findings are interpreted within the context of factors such as students' study habits and motivation.
Fieldwork in Geography and Long-term Memory Structures

This study was based on the model of memory proposed by Gagne and White (1978). Three treatments were compared in their effects on eighth and ninth graders’ learning and retention of geographical facts and skills. In addition to a basic program, the first treatment had an active excursion, the second had a passive excursion, and the third had no excursion. The excursion treatments were slightly better than the control on initial learning. In retention, the active excursion treatment showed marked superiority over the others, which supports the Gagné and White model and Wittrock’s (1974) generative model of learning, and which has implications for the management of excursions.
The Slippery Slope: The Impact of Feature Alignability on Search and Satisfaction

This research challenges the notion that increased search effort results in greater satisfaction with the choice by examining the impact of alignability on search quantity and search outcomes. Options that vary along comparable dimensions are alignable, whereas options that vary along unique dimensions are nonalignable. The results of three studies demonstrate greater search among nonalignable than among alignable options. Satisfaction initially increases but then declines with further search among nonalignable options. Although choice difficulty influences search and satisfaction, the primary mechanism driving the inverted U-shaped relationship of satisfaction with search among nonalignable options is feature learning. This research demonstrates a paradox: People continue searching more options precisely when their further search is detrimental to their satisfaction, falling down the slippery slope of search.
Effects of Eye Size on Adults' Aesthetic Ratings of Faces and 5-Month-Olds' Looking Times

In two experiments, we investigated the influence of eye size on adults' ratings of faces' attractiveness and 5-month-olds' looking times. Subjects viewed four pairs of female faces that were identical except for the size of the eyes. Whether they saw black-and-white drawings (experiment 1) or coloured photographs (experiment 2), adults rated the faces with larger eyes as more attractive than the faces with smaller eyes. Babies looked equally long at the drawn faces with larger and smaller eyes (experiment 1), but with the more realistic photographed faces, they looked slightly but significantly longer at the versions with larger eyes (experiment 2). Overall, our results suggest that a modest preference for larger eyes that has emerged by 5 months of age may contribute to the development of adult aesthetic preferences.
Restoration of ovarian and uterine maturity in adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal weight-to-height ratio to achieve maturity of the reproductive organs when visualized by pelvic ultrasound in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. To examine the distribution of weight-to-height ratios in the group of adolescents in whom pelvic maturity was attained. METHODS Adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa received serial transabdominal pelvic ultrasound scans as they regained weight. A record of their weight-to-height ratio had been noted on each occasion. The scans were defined as mature or immature using strict criteria. RESULTS There was a wide range of weight-to-height ratios in both the mature and immature groups of patients with a considerable overlap between the groups. However, 88% of the sample required a weight-to-height ratio of 100% (body mass index [BMI] 20) to achieve reproductive maturity. CONCLUSION Previous target weights have been too low to ensure reproductive maturity. The resulting hypoestrogenic state increases the risk of future osteoporosis. Pelvic ultrasound is the safest and most reliable method for determining ovarian and uterine maturity in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa.
Images of addiction and recovery: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of addiction and recovery as expressed in visual images

This article focuses on visual representations of subjective experiences of the process of recovery from addiction and the meanings that participants attribute to their visual work. The data are drawn from a study of six female participants. In this article, we discuss the results with reference to one participant, to allow for detailed consideration of the visual and the verbal material. This participant was selected because of the richness of her material, which provided an opportunity to carry out a detailed case study. Potential participants were informed in advance that they would be asked to draw during the interview. They were also asked to bring to the interview some artwork made during their engagement in creative activities at an earlier stage in their recovery. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The analysis comprised both the drawings and the transcripts, moving between the image and the corresponding text. The results provide a vivid visual journey through the landscape of early recovery. It is suggested that using drawings in conjunction with interviews can make a valuable contribution to furthering our understanding of experience and its meaning in ways not possible with verbal accounts or visual material alone.
An approach for mechanical property optimization of fused deposition modeling with polylactic acid via design of experiments

Purpose This paper aims to present the influences of several production variables on the mechanical properties of specimens manufactured using fused deposition modeling (FDM) with polylactic acid (PLA) as a media and relate the practical and experimental implications of these as related to stiffness, strength, ductility and generalized loading. Design/methodology/approach A two-factor-level Taguchi test matrix was defined to allow streamlined mechanical testing of several different fabrication settings using a reduced array of experiments. Specimens were manufactured and tested according to ASTM E8/D638 and E399/D5045 standards for tensile and fracture testing. After initial analysis of mechanical properties derived from mechanical tests, analysis of variance was used to infer optimized production variables for general use and for application/load-specific instances. Findings Production variables are determined to yield optimized mechanical properties under tensile and fracture-type loading as related to orientation of loading and fabrication. Practical implications The relation of production variables and their interactions and the manner in which they influence mechanical properties provide insight to the feasibility of using FDM for rapid manufacturing of components for experimental, commercial or consumer-level use. Originality/value This paper is the first report of research on the characterization of the mechanical properties of PLA coupons manufactured using FDM by the Taguchi method. The investigation is relevant both in commercial and consumer-level aspects, given both the currently increasing utilization of 3D printers for component production and the viability of PLA as a renewable, biocompatible material for use in structural applications.
Comparing Nigella sativa Oil and Fish Oil in Treatment of Vitiligo

Background: Vitiligo is one of the autoimmune skin diseases that destroy the melanocytes of the skin. Moreover, its prevalence varies in different countries and regions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Nigella sativa and fish oil on vitiligo lesions of the patients referred to a dermatology clinic. Materials and Methods: This randomized, double blind clinical trial was conducted in the dermatology clinic of the Imam Khomeini Hospital Ahvaz, Iran, from June to December 2011. We used a randomized simple sampling. From 96 patients with vitiligo, 52 eligible patients were selected and allocated to two groups with equal size. The study medications were applied twice a day by patients on their lesions. After six months, the improvement rate of lesions was assessed by the Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI). Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 15; P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: After six months, a mean score of VASI decreased from 4.98 to 3.75 in patients applying topical Nigella sativa and from 4.98 to 4.62 in those using topical fish oil. Most of the percent improvement observed in upper extremities, trunk, head, and neck of those who received Nigella sativa and head, neck, trunk, and feet of those who received fish oil. No adverse effect was reported by the patients. Conclusions: Nigella sativa oil and fish oil were effective in reduction the size of patient’s lesions; however, Nigella sativa was more effective in comparison to the fish oil. Therefore, using Nigella sativa with the major drugs in the treatment of vitiligo is recommended.
Proposal of a resonant controller for a three phase four wire grid-connected shunt hybrid filter

This paper present a three-phase four wire hybrid filter able to perform a selective cancellation of harmonic currents based on resonant controllers. As it will be shown in this work, this kind of control permits to enhance the bandwidth of the filter controller, without hindering the stability of the system. In addition a new hybrid filter topology, that permits to cancel out the homopolar harmonics, is presented in this paper. The good performance of this new topology as well as the proposed controller will be evaluated by means of simulations and experimental results.
Anticipatory Biasing of Visuospatial Attention Indexed by Retinotopically Specific α-Bank Electroencephalography Increases over Occipital Cortex

Alpha-band (8-14 Hz) oscillatory EEG activity was examined with high-density scalp electrical recording during the cue-stimulus interval of an endogenous spatial cueing paradigm. In different blocks, cued spatial locations (left or right) were in either the upper or lower visual field, and attended stimuli were either oriented Ts or moving dots. Distractor stimuli were equally likely in the uncued hemifield. Sustained focal increases of alpha-band activity were seen over occipital cortex contralateral to the direction of the to-be-ignored location (ipsilateral to the cued direction of attention) before onset of the to-be-attended stimulus. The focus of alpha-band activity also moved depending on whether cued locations were in the upper or lower field. Results are consistent with active gating of uncued spatial locations.
A new multichannel blind deconvolution method and its application to solar images

A new method of multichannel blind deconvolution is introduced. The algorithm is simple, computationally efficient and does not need any statistical presumptions about the image. Any a priori knowledge about the PSF and the original can be incorporated very easily. Numerical simulations and experiments give promising results comparing to other restoration methods.
Deterministic Key Distribution in Wireless Sensor Network using Finite Affine Plane

Security of large scale densely deployed and infrastructureless wireless networks of resource limited sensor nodes requires efficient key distribution and management mechanisms. Key management is an important area of research in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), because resource constraints make security protocols difficult to be implemented. Key predistribution, a new combinatorial scheme for key distribution that makes use of finite plane. This gives rise to a new type of combinatorial design. Which involves preloading keys in sensor nodes, has been considered as the best solution when sensor nodes are battery powered and have to work unattended.
Economic impact of motorcycle helmets: from impact to discharge.

BACKGROUND The economic impact of helmet use remains controversial. Previous studies of injured motorcyclists suggest a marginal inpatient hospital cost difference between helmeted and unhelmeted riders. The purpose of this study was to expand the economic analysis of motorcycle helmet utilization to the point of injury by including motorcycle crash patients who do not require hospital admission. METHODS Prehospital motorcycle crash data were collected from the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) General Estimates System (GES) database from 1994 to 2002 with respect to helmet use, injury severity, and transport to a hospital. A focused literature search yielded the hospital admission rates of helmeted and unhelmeted motorcyclists evaluated in the emergency department. The National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) was queried from 1994 to 2002 to collect data including helmet use and hospital charges for injured motorcyclists. Cost analysis was performed by linkage of the queried databases and data from the literature. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using an independent samples t test and chi analysis. RESULTS The NHTSA GES database yielded 5,328 sample patients. 1,854 patients (34.8%) were unhelmeted and 3,474 (65.2%) were helmeted. Transport to a hospital was required of 78.6% of unhelmeted and 73.3% of helmeted patients (p < 0.01). Of motorcyclists evaluated in the emergency department, 39.9% of unhelmeted and 32.8% of helmeted patients required hospital admission. NTDB analysis of injured motorcyclists from the concomitant interval yielded 9,033 patients in whom helmet use data were available and 5,343 patients for whom associated hospital cost data were available. Unhelmeted motorcyclists incurred charges of 39,390 dollars + 1,436 dollars per injury, whereas helmeted motorcyclists incurred charges of 36,334 dollars + 1,232 dollars per injury. Mathematical extrapolation derived a charge of 12,353 dollars per unhelmeted and 8,735 dollars per helmeted motorcyclist for every crash with a difference of 3,618 dollars between helmeted and unhelmeted riders involved in a motorcycle crash. CONCLUSIONS With a current estimate of 197,608 motorcycle crashes/year in which 69,163 riders were unhelmeted, the differential healthcare economic burden between unhelmeted and helmeted motorcyclists is approximately $250,231,734 per year and underscores the need for improved legislation to improve motorcycle helmet utilization.
Actions of noradrenaline recorded intracellularly in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurones, in vitro.

CA1 pyramidal neurones were studied in rat in vitro hippocampal slices using standard intracellular and single‐electrode voltage‐clamp recording techniques to examine the actions of noradrenaline (NA). NA had two different effects on the resting membrane potential of pyramidal neurones; either a hyperpolarization accompanied by a decrease in membrane input resistance, or less commonly, a depolarization accompanied by an increase in input resistance. In many cells, both effects, a hyperpolarization followed by a depolarization were observed. The depolarization was mediated by a noradrenergic beta‐receptor. The hyperpolarization was more difficult to characterize, but may result from alpha‐receptor activation. NA reduced the amplitude and duration of the slow calcium‐activated potassium after‐hyperpolarization (a.h.p.) that follows depolarization‐induced action potentials. This action of NA was mediated by beta 1‐noradrenergic receptors. NA, in the presence of tetrodotoxin and tetraethylammonium, reduced the a.h. p. without reducing the size of the calcium action potential which preceded it. This was unlike the action of the calcium channel blocker, cadmium, which reduced the calcium action potential and the a.h. p. in parallel. Furthermore, NA did not reduce the amplitude of calcium or barium currents recorded under voltage clamp after blockade of potassium currents. A functional consequence of this blockade of the calcium‐activated a.h. p. was a reduction of the accommodation of action potential discharge such that the excitatory responses of the neurone to depolarizing stimuli, such as glutamate application or current passed through the recording electrode, were enhanced. We conclude that the effects of NA on calcium‐activated potassium conductance and on resting membrane potential can interact to increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio of hippocampal pyramidal neurone responsiveness.
Forgetting Concept and Role Symbols in ALCOIH\mu+(\top, \sqcap)-Ontologies

Forgetting is a non-standard reasoning problem concerned with creating restricted views for ontologies relative to subsets of their initial signatures while preserving all logical consequences up to the symbols in the restricted views. In this paper, we present an Ackermann-based approach for forgetting of concept and role symbols in ontologies expressible in the description logic ALCOIHµ+(∇, ∩). The method is one of only few approaches that can eliminate role symbols, that can handle role inverse, ABox statements, and is the only approach so far providing support for forgetting in description logics with nominals. Despite the inherent difficulty of forgetting for this level of expressivity, performance results with a prototypical implementation have shown very good success rates on real-world ontologies.
Tissue Distribution of P‐Glycoprotein in Cats

Permeability glycoprotein (P‐gp) is a membrane‐bound efflux pump that exports various substances out of the cell. Variations in P‐gp expression play an important role in susceptibility to toxic substances, drug efficacy and disease risk. In the present study, the distribution of the MDR1‐gene product P‐gp was determined in normal tissues of domestic shorthair cats using immunohistochemistry. Two monoclonal antibodies C494 and C219 were used, recognizing a different epitope on the human P‐gp molecule. A consistent positive immunolabelling was obtained. The tissue distribution and cellular locations with antibody C494 were similar to those in man and dogs; with liver, colon, adrenal cortex and brain capillaries being consistently and intensely labelled. However, the immunolabelling in the kidney was in contradiction to man and dogs. The C219 antibody seems to react with a specific form of P‐gp, only expressed in feline tissues with a barrier function, i.e. endothelia of the brain, testes and ovaries, and intestinal epithelial cells in contact with the lumen.
Life after homicide: accounts of recovery and redemption of offender patients in a high security hospital – a qualitative study

This study explores accounts of recovery and redemption from the perspective of offenders with a history of mental disorder who have committed homicide. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven men who were residing in a high secure hospital. The interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Analysis of their accounts of their perpetration of homicide yielded a number of themes: the role of previous experience and its impact on their personal development; periods of loss of grip on reality; the reframing of events in their life via therapeutic interventions and internal integration, and roadblocks to the process of recovery. The findings highlight the importance of attending to offenders’ narratives about their offending and the context in which it took place as an inevitable aspect of their search for meaning in the aftermath of the death they perpetrated. Themes generated contributed to future interventions to reduce risk.
Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Facilitates Synthesis of Photoactive Protochlorophyllide in Etioplasts1

Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol is required for membrane-associated processes of the protochlorophyllide synthesis pathway and the formation of protochlorophyllide-enzyme complexes in Arabidopsis etioplasts. Cotyledon cells of dark-germinated angiosperms develop etioplasts that are plastids containing unique internal membranes called prolamellar bodies (PLBs). Protochlorophyllide (Pchlide), a precursor of chlorophyll, accumulates in PLBs and forms a ternary complex with NADPH and light-dependent NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR), which allows for the rapid formation of chlorophyll after illumination while avoiding photodamage. PLBs are 3D lattice structures formed by the lipid bilayer rich in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG). Although MGDG was found to be required for the formation and function of the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts in various plants, the roles of MGDG in PLB formation and etioplast development are largely unknown. To analyze the roles of MGDG in etioplast development, we suppressed MGD1 encoding the major isoform of MGDG synthase by using a dexamethasone-inducible artificial microRNA in etiolated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. Strong MGD1 suppression caused a 36% loss of MGDG in etiolated seedlings, together with a 41% decrease in total Pchlide content. The loss of MGDG perturbed etioplast membrane structures and impaired the formation of the photoactive Pchlide-LPOR-NADPH complex and its oligomerization, without affecting LPOR accumulation. The MGD1 suppression also impaired the formation of Pchlide from protoporphyrin IX via multiple enzymatic reactions in etioplast membranes, which suggests that MGDG is required for the membrane-associated processes in the Pchlide biosynthesis pathway. Suppressing MGD1 at several germination stages revealed that MGDG biosynthesis at an early germination stage is particularly important for Pchlide accumulation. MGDG biosynthesis may provide a lipid matrix for Pchlide biosynthesis and the formation of Pchlide-LPOR complexes as an initial step of etioplast development.
The Genesis of the Medical Field: France, 1795-1870

What characterized the medical field in France in 1795 as it emerged from the reconstruction of medical and scientific institutions consequent to the abolition of the Ancien Regime was that it had already been differentiated into three distinct spaces constructed around distinct institutions. These spaces respectively produced clinical medicine, social medicine, and what were termed the sciences accessoires (i.e., sciences auxiliary to medicine). The medical field—the product of a set of closely interrelated scientific and social determinants, all concerning the functions assigned to hospitals of producing medical knowledge, training physicians and selecting an elite through a system of competitive examinations—was dominated by hospital physicians in the clinical space. That domination worked to preserve the field’s autonomy, since the spaces of social medicine and auxiliary sciences overlapped those of other fields and developed through the construction of hybrid rather than specifically medical knowledge and practices; i.e., knowledge and practices in those two spaces could be mastered by other professional groups. However, it was through the development of those dominated spaces that medicine was able to extend the variety and types of its own practices and assume an active role in preventing disease, reducing mortality and pushing forward knowledge of life, thereby increasing its authority in French society.