Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cacheability analysis of HTTP traffic in an operational LTE network

With the rapid increase of traffic on the web, content caching reduces user-perceived latency as well as the transmission of redundant traffic on the network. In this study, we analyze the gains of HTTP content caching at the location of SGW in an LTE Wireless network. High cache hit ratio can be achieved if the proxy server caches only those contents that are guaranteed of significant revisits. In this paper, we identify such contents for optimum proxy server performance. We compare the cacheability gains for different content types such as image, video, text etc, and also for popular websites. Our analysis shows that amongst all the contents, `image' type have the highest revisit rate, which means caching them is beneficial. Amongst the popular websites compared, cacheable contents from `Facebook' have the highest probability of revisits. We extend the analysis by varying the interval of caching and studying its effect on the cacheability. Based on these results, we provide guidelines for configuring the proxy server for high cacheability benefits.
The inter-locus recombinant HLA-B*4601 has high selectivity in peptide binding and functions characteristic of HLA-C

The vast majority of new human HLA class I alleles are formed by conversions between existing alleles of the same locus. A notable exception to this rule is HLA-B*4601 formed by replacement of residues 66-76 of the alpha 1 helix of B*1501 by the homologous segment of Cw*0102. This inter-locus recombination, which brings together characteristic elements of HLA-B and HLA-C structure, is shown here to influence function dramatically. Naturally processed peptides bound by B*4601 are distinct from those of its parental allotypes B*1501 and Cw*0102 and dominated by three high abundance peptides. Such increased peptide selectivity by B*4601 is unique among HLA-A,B,C allotypes. For other aspects of function, presence of the small segment of HLA-C- derived sequence in an otherwise HLA-B framework converts B*4601 to an HLA-C-like molecule. Alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), natural killer (NK) cells, and cellular glycosidases all recognize B*4601 as though it were an HLA-C allotype. These unusual properties are those of an allotype which has frequencies as high as 20% in south east Asian populations and is associated with predisposition to autoimmune diseases and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Video-shot transition detection using spatio-temporal analysis and fuzzy classification

In this paper, we propose a feature-based scheme for detecting different genres of video shot transitions based on spatio-temporal analysis and model parameter estimation. We use the histogram difference and a modified version of it to detect cuts and reduce the impact of fleeting lights. To deal with dissolves, a hybrid algorithm composed of adaptive thresholding, parameter calculation, and transition duration refinement is proposed. In addition, to find a precise duration, we develop a transition duration refinement method to examine each dissolve candidate. The associated model parameters of the dissolve are also estimated as features. After feature extraction, a fuzzy classifier integrates the features to distinguish non-transitions, cuts, and dissolves from one to another. The results of experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only detects cuts and dissolves well, but also accurately locates the duration of each dissolve transition. In addition, the proposed scheme outperforms existing methods in terms of cut and dissolve detection.
Antifouling Coatings Influence both Abundance and Community Structure of Colonizing Biofilms: a Case Study in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea

ABSTRACT When immersed in seawater, substrates are rapidly colonized by both micro- and macroorganisms. This process is responsible for important economic and ecological prejudices, particularly when related to ship hulls or aquaculture nets. Commercial antifouling coatings are supposed to reduce biofouling, i.e., micro- and macrofoulers. In this study, biofilms that primarily settled on seven different coatings (polyvinyl chloride [PVC], a fouling release coating [FRC], and five self-polishing copolymer coatings [SPC], including four commercial ones) were quantitatively studied, after 1 month of immersion in summer in the Toulon Bay (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, France), by using flow cytometry (FCM), microscopy, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. FCM was used after a pretreatment to separate cells from the biofilm matrix, in order to determine densities of heterotrophic bacteria, picocyanobacteria, and pico- and nanoeukaryotes on these coatings. Among diatoms, the only microphytobenthic class identified by microscopy, Licmophora, Navicula, and Nitzschia were determined to be the dominant taxa. Overall, biocide-free coatings showed higher densities than all other coatings, except for one biocidal coating, whatever the group of microorganisms. Heterotrophic bacteria always showed the highest densities, and diatoms showed the lowest, but the relative abundances of these groups varied depending on the coating. In particular, the copper-free SPC failed to prevent diatom settlement, whereas the pyrithione-free SPC exhibited high picocyanobacterial density. These results highlight the interest in FCM for antifouling coating assessment as well as specific selection among microbial communities by antifouling coatings.
A magnetoencephalography spatiotemporal analysis of neural activities during feature binding

Previous literature shows that feature binding processes elicit fronto-hippocampal areas. The time course of this process, however, remains unknown. This is the first study that investigates feature binding using magnetoencephalography. Synthetic aperture magnetometry analysis was used to localize sources of increased power in the &thgr; band during the encoding phases of a feature-binding task in the left and right medial frontal gyri (Brodmann's area 10) and left and right anterior cingulate gyri. Theta band synchronization was observed in many of these same areas, but also in other areas not noted to have increased &thgr; band power suggesting a broad network of regions subserving the encoding phase of feature binding.
CD4+ and Perivascular Foxp3+ T Cells in Glioma Correlate with Angiogenesis and Tumor Progression

Background Angiogenesis and immune cell infiltration are key features of gliomas and their manipulation of the microenvironment, but their prognostic significance remains indeterminate. We evaluate the interconnection between tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) and tumor blood-vasculatures in the context of glioma progression. Methods Paired tumor tissues of 44 patients from three tumor-recurrent groups: diffuse astrocytomas (DA) recurred as DA, DA recurred as glioblastomas (GBM), and GBM recurred as GBM were evaluated by genetic analysis, immunohistochemistry for tumor blood vessel density, TIL subsets, and clinical outcomes. These cells were geographically divided into perivascular and intratumoral TILs. Associations were examined between these TILs, CD34+ tumor blood vessels, and clinical outcomes. To determine key changes in TIL subsets, microarray data of 15-paired tumors from patients who failed antiangiogenic therapy- bevacizumab, and 16-paired tumors from chemo-naïve recurrent GBM were also evaluated and compared. Results Upon recurrence in primary gliomas, similar kinetic changes were found between tumor blood vessels and each TIL subset in all groups, but only CD4+ including Foxp3+ TILs, positively correlated with the density of tumor blood vessels. CD4 was the predominant T cell population based on the expression of gene-transcripts in primary GBMs, and increased activated CD4+ T cells were revealed in Bevacizumab-resistant recurrent tumors (not in chemo-naïve recurrent tumors). Among these TILs, 2/3 of them were found in the perivascular niche; Foxp3+ T cells in these niches not only correlated with the tumor vessels but were also an independent predictor of shortened recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR = 4.199, 95% CI 1.522–11.584, p = 0.006). Conclusion The minimal intratumoral T cell infiltration and low detection of CD8 transcripts expression in primary GBMs can potentially limit antitumor response. CD4+ and perivascular Foxp3+ TILs associate with tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression in glioma patients. Our results suggest that combining antiangiogenic agents with immunotherapeutic approaches may help improve the antitumor efficacy for patients with malignant gliomas.
SHEAR FRICTION AND HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE

This paper reports a re-appraisal of available shear friction test data and presents simple, modified shear friction equations suitable for use in design. These equations reflect the influence of concrete strength on shear friction strength. They enable full advantage to be taken of the potentially high-shear-friction strengths of very-high-compressive strength concretes over the whole range of values of the shear friction reinforcement yield strength. This results in a reduction in the amount and the congestion of reinforcement in precast concrete connections and bearing details.
Illicit anabolic steroid use in athletes

Because of recent anabolic steroid abuse scandals at all levels of athletic competition ranging from high school sports to the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, Korea, the investigators closely examined the anabolic steroid use histories of 20 competitive and noncompetitive weight lifters. Steroid efficacy studies only examine the anabolic effects of individual drugs. However, these 20 steroid users consistently practiced polypharmacy. During steroid use cycles lasting between 7 and 14 weeks, athletes commonly used two or three oral agents and two long-acting injectable products. Dos ages of oral preparations tended to be similar to those used in efficacy studies, whereas dosages of the long- acting injectable agents were approximately three to eight times greater than those used in controlled stud ies. Subjects reported significant increases in body weight and strength. In addition, mental status changes were reported that included symptoms of depression, hostility, aggression, and paranoia. Based on the pat tern of anabolic steroid use currently being practiced in the United States, it is apparent that past efficacy and toxicology studies are of limited value in delineating the benefits and hazards of these drugs.
Graph-Based Text Representation for Novelty Detection

We discuss several feature sets for novelty detection at the sentence level, using the data and procedure established in task 2 of the TREC 2004 novelty track. In particular, we investigate feature sets derived from graph representations of sentences and sets of sentences. We show that a highly connected graph produced by using sentence-level term distances and pointwise mutual information can serve as a source to extract features for novelty detection. We compare several feature sets based on such a graph representation. These feature sets allow us to increase the accuracy of an initial novelty classifier which is based on a bag-of-word representation and KL divergence. The final result ties with the best system at TREC 2004.
A Mechanism of Sialylation Functionally Silences the Hyaluronan Receptor LYVE-1 in Lymphatic Endothelium*

The major lymphatic endothelial hyaluronan receptor LYVE-1, a Link superfamily glycoprotein similar to the hyaluronan-binding/inflammatory leukocyte homing receptor CD44, was initially implicated in hyaluronan (HA)-mediated cell adhesion and lymph-borne hyaluronan metabolism. However, the apparently normal phenotype of Lyve-1 knock-out mice and the recent demonstration that the receptor undergoes cytokine-induced endocytosis independent of HA uptake have cast doubt on such functions. Here we present new data that reconcile these anomalies by showing that LYVE-1 is functionally “silenced” in a cell-specific fashion by autoinhibitory glycosylation. We demonstrate that LYVE-1 transfected in HEK 293T fibroblasts and Jurkat T cells is competent to bind HA, whereas the endogenous receptor in cultured lymphatic endothelial cells or the receptor transfected in Chinese hamster ovary and HeLa cells is not. Moreover, through a combination of mutagenesis and functional analysis in HEK 293T fibroblasts and glycosylation-defective Chinese hamster ovary cell lines, we reveal that the inhibitory mechanism is reversible and is exerted by terminal sialylation, most likely through α2-3 or α2-6 linkage to O-glycans. Finally, we provide evidence that the mechanism operates in vivo by showing that native LYVE-1 in primary lymphatic endothelial cells is extensively sialylated and that HA binding can be reactivated by neuraminidase treatment of the soluble ectodomain. These results reveal unexpected complexity in the regulation of LYVE-1 function and raise the possibility that this receptor, like CD44, may become active after appropriate unmasking in vivo.
Delamination Analysis of Low-Temperature Processed SU-8 Photoresist for MEMS Device Fabrication

Negative SU-8 photoresist processed at several levels of lower temperature than conventional approach was investigated, and its low-temperature processing has been characterized in terms of delamination. According to two phases of statistical design of experiment (DOE), initially statistically significant variables of SU-8 photoresist processing were selected, and the selected variables were further investigated to find their effects on delamination of SU-8 microstructure. A three leveled factorial designed experiments were performed followed by a 2(6-1) fractional factorial designed as a screening experiment. Characterizing low-temperature SU-8 photoresist process, 27 samples were fabricated and the degree of delamination was measured. In addition, nine additional samples were fabricated for the purpose of verification. Employing a neural network modeling technique, a process model is established, and response surfaces are generated to investigate the degree of delamination associated with three process parameters: post exposure bake (PEB) temperature, PEB time, and exposure energy. From the response surfaces generated, two significant parameters associated with delamination are identified, and their effects on delamination were analyzed. The higher the post exposure bake (PEB) temperature at a fixed PEB time and the more delamination occurred. In addition, the higher the dose of exposure energy, the lower the temperature at which the delamination begins and the larger the degree of delamination. The results identified acceptable ranges of the three process variables to avoid the delamination of SU-8 film, which in turn might lead to potential defects in MEMS device fabrication.
Heightened emotional sensitivity intensifies associations between relational aggression and victimization among girls but not boys: A longitudinal study

Abstract Founded in the social process model, the aim of this study was to identify whether the associations of relational aggression with concurrent and subsequent relational victimization differed depending on early adolescents' personal vulnerabilities and gender. The vulnerabilities of interest were social-information processing variables that convey greater emotional sensitivity, including rejection sensitivity, fear of negative evaluation, and avoidance of intimacy. Participants were 358 early adolescents (176 boys, 178 girls) aged 9 to 13 years. Relational aggression and victimization were assessed via peer nominations, whereas the three indicators of emotional sensitivity were assessed via self-report. Overall, results revealed greater relational aggression at Time 1 to be associated with greater relational victimization at both Time 1 and Time 2. However, this finding was qualified by both emotional sensitivity and gender. When considered separately, girls who were relationally aggressive and emotionally sensitive were at increased risk of victimization at both assessment points. In contrast, no link was found between relational aggression and victimization for boys, although relational vulnerabilities did have unique associations with boys' relational victimization. These findings have implications for our understanding of relational aggression and victimization, as well as for the development of interventions aimed at reducing these problems.
Building Bridges between Structural and Program Evaluation Approaches to Evaluating Policy

This paper compares the structural approach to economic policy analysis with the program evaluation approach. It offers a third way to do policy analysis that combines the best features of both approaches. We illustrate the value of this alternative approach by making the implicit economics of LATE explicit, thereby extending the interpretability and range of policy questions that LATE can answer.
The Gender Wage Gap in Four Countries

In a series of studies written during the 1980s, Bob Gregory and his co-authors compared the gender wage gap in Australia with that found in other countries. They found it was not the difference in human capital endowments that explained different gender wage gaps but rather the rewards for these endowments. They concluded that country-specific factors, especially the institutional environment, were important in explaining the gender wage gap. This study updates Gregory's work by comparing the gender wage gap across four countries, Australia, France, Japan and Britain. Our results concord with those of Gregory: institutions are still important in explaining the relative size of the gender wage gap.
'Brain fingerprinting': A critical analysis.

20 Recent efforts by various investigators have been directed at using brain waves in detection of deception. One investigator, Lawrence A. Farwell, left academia about a decade ago and founded his company, Farwell Brain Fingerprinting. (See http:/www.brainwavescience.com/.) This business is actively commercializing a putative deceptionrevealing technology in connection with forensic and related areas. As is stated on its Web site, “Farwell Brain Fingerprinting is a revolutionary new technology for solving crimes, with a record of 100% accuracy in research with U.S. government agencies and other applications. The technology is fully developed and available for application in the field. ” The present review undertakes a careful analysis of these claims and their background with reference to the one refereed publication in a major psychophysiology journal which Farwell coauthored (Farwell & Donchin, 1991), the voluminous material on the Web address cited above, Farwell’s U.S. patents, court records, and the work of various other researchers. Prior to this analysis, the present review briefly discusses the P300 event-related brain potential, which is the key element of most of the published brain-wave-based deception research. The “Guilty Knowledge Test,” or GKT, which in a form modified for P300 methods yielded the P300 protocol for detecting concealed, crime-related information, is also reviewed, followed by a review of the P300-based deception-detection literature. The issue of P300-based tests’ reported accuracies is also considered. Since Farwell claims that his method is based on a brain-activity index, the “MERMER,” which goes beyond P300, an attempt is also made to analyze this variable, based, of necessity, solely on U.S. patent material. The review then closely examines Farwell’s recently promoted retrospective application of BF, in which the technology is purportedly utilized to exonerate previously convicted—some long ago—felons. Finally, the review highlights methodological problems associated with BF and related methods, including vulnerability to countermeasures and difficulty with developing adequate and appropriate test material, leading to the concluding impression that the claims on the BF Web site are exaggerated and sometimes misleading. It is documented that, in fact, U.S. government agencies most concerned with detecting deception do not envision use of BF. Finally, prospective users and buyers of this technology are issued the classic caveat emptor.
An efficient computation-constrained block-based motion estimation algorithm for low bit rate video coding

We present an efficient computation constrained block-based motion vector estimation algorithm for low bit rate video coding that yields good tradeoffs between motion estimation distortion and number of computations. A reliable predictor determines the search origin, localizing the search process. An efficient search pattern exploits structural constraints within the motion field. A flexible cost measure used to terminate the search allows simultaneous control of the motion estimation distortion and the computational cost. Experimental results demonstrate the viability of the proposed algorithm in low bit rate video coding applications. The resulting low bit rate video encoder yields essentially the same levels of rate-distortion performance and subjective quality achieved by the UBC H.263+ video coding reference software. However, the proposed motion estimation algorithm provides substantially higher encoding speed as well as graceful computational degradation capabilities.
The effects of leadership and ward factors on job satisfaction in nursing homes: a multilevel approach.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To examine (1) the relationships between job satisfaction and task- and relationship-oriented leadership and (2) the direct and moderating effects on job satisfaction of three ward-level factors: workload, use of teams and staff stability. BACKGROUND Job satisfaction in nursing homes is vital to meeting the challenges related to recruitment and turnover. DESIGN Cross-sectional design. METHOD A multilevel analysis approach was used to recognise a hierarchal structure of determined factors and to capture variation in job satisfaction at the individual and ward level. A questionnaire was sent to 444 registered nurses, auxiliary nurses and unskilled nursing assistants. Structured interviews were administered to 40 ward managers and 13 directors, and 900 hours of field observations was conducted in 40 nursing home wards throughout Norway. RESULTS We found a significant relationship between job satisfaction and task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership styles, with a stronger effect for task orientation. The effect of the two leadership styles varied significantly across wards. Furthermore, staff stability had both a significant positive direct effect and a moderating effect on job satisfaction, whereas the two other ward-level predictors yielded no significant contributions. CONCLUSION The relatively stronger effect of task-oriented leadership on job satisfaction, particularly in wards with low staff stability, is in contrast to most previous studies and suggests that there may be specific conditions in nursing homes that favour the use of this leadership style. The varying effect of both leadership styles indicates that staff in different nursing home wards could benefit from the use of different leadership styles. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The study highlights the importance of using different leadership behaviour and the importance of high staff stability to ensure job satisfaction among nursing home personnel.
LSA as a measure of coherence in second language natural discourse

This study explores Latent Semantic Analysis as a model of coherence relations in spoken discourse. Two studies were conducted on language data from six adult learners of English observed longitudinally for one year. The studies investigated whether LSA values increase as a function of time spent learning English and if there were links between negotiations for meaning and LSA values. Results show that LSA values increase significantly and that negotiations for meaning decrease significantly over time. Negotiations for meaning are also negatively correlated to LSA values. These findings provide evidence of co-referential semantic development in L2 learners. The findings also demonstrate that a lack of semantic similarity in natural spoken discourse is sufficient to trigger negotiations for meaning.