Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantization as a functor

Notwithstanding known obstructions to this idea, we formulate an attempt to turn quantization into a functorial procedure. We define a category PO of Poisson manifolds, whose objects are integrable Poisson manifolds and whose arrows are isomorphism classes of regular Weinstein dual pairs; it follows that identity arrows are symplectic groupoids, and that two objects are isomorphic in PO iff they are Morita equivalent in the sense of P. Xu. It has a subcategory LPO that has duals of integrable Lie algebroids as objects and cotangent bundles as arrows. We argue that naive C*-algebraic quantization should be functorial from LPO to the well-known category KK, whose objects are separable C*-algebras and whose arrows are Kasparov's KK-groups. This limited functoriality of quantization would already imply the Atiyah-Singer index theorem, as well as its far-reaching generalizations developed by Connes and others. In the category KK, isomorphism of objects implies isomorphism of K-theory groups, so that the functoriality of quantization on all of PO would imply that Morita equivalent Poisson algebras are quantized by C*-algebras with isomorphic K-theories. Finally, we argue that the correct codomain for the possible functoriality of quantization is the category RKK(I), which takes the deformation aspect of quantization into account.
Sociodemographic Correlates of Unipolar Major Depression among the Chinese Elderly in Klang Valley, Malaysia: An Epidemiological Study

Background. Depression, as one of the most disabling diseases around the world, had caught the global concern with its rising prevalence rate. There is a growing need of detecting depression, particularly in the old age population which is often left being overlooked. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional community-based study which included 150 Chinese elderly aged 60 and above within Klang Valley area. We obtained the sociodemographic profiles and assessed the status of well-being, depression, and cognitive function of the participants with the help of instruments: WHO Five-Item Well-Being Index, Major (ICD-10) Depression Inventory, and 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test. Results. We found that the prevalence of depression among the Chinese elderly within Klang Valley region was 10.7%. With multiple logistic regression, decision to consult doctor on depressed mood or memory problem and presence of cognitive impairment were shown to be significantly associated with unipolar major depression, whereas wellbeing status was also found to be statistically correlated with depression in univariate analysis. Conclusion. The prevalence of unipolar depression among Chinese elderly within Klang Valley, Malaysia presented that there was an increased trend compared to the previous studies.
Bmc Medical Genetics Association between Tcf7l2 Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Large Human Genome Epidemiology (huge) Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) has been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2MD) in multiple ethnic groups in the past two years, but, contradictory results were reported for Chinese and Pima Indian populations. The authors then performed a large meta-analysis of 36 studies examining the association of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with polymorphisms in the TCF7L2 gene in various ethnicities, containing rs7903146 C-toT (IVS3C>T), rs7901695 T-to-C (IVS3T>C), a rs12255372 G-toT (IVS4G>T), and rs11196205 G-to-C (IVS4G>C) polymorphisms and to evaluate the size of gene effect and the possible genetic mode of action.
Size control of Cu nanorods through oxygen-mediated growth and low temperature sintering

Control of the size of Cu nanorods vapor-deposited at an oblique angle (∼85°) by oxygen-mediated growth was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed that exposure of Cu nanorods to the oxygen ambient periodically resulted in a reduction in the diameter of the nanorods as well as an increase in the areal density of the nanorods. This oxygen-induced modification to the nanorod growth is attributed to the higher energy barrier for Cu adatom migration on the oxide surface at room temperature; this reduces the rod diameter. At a low annealing temperature of ∼300 °C, the SEM images show that the nanorods have densified and formed a continuous film structure, which is consistent with the sintering phenomenon. The XRD and SEM analyses show that the coalescent/grain growth rate for Cu nanorods with smaller diameters is enhanced due to the size effect. This low temperature sintering characteristic of the Cu nanorod array has great potential for being utilized in wafer bonding for three-dimensional integration of devices.
Genomics of Adaptation during Experimental Evolution of the Opportunistic Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Adaptation is likely to be an important determinant of the success of many pathogens, for example when colonizing a new host species, when challenged by antibiotic treatment, or in governing the establishment and progress of long-term chronic infection. Yet, the genomic basis of adaptation is poorly understood in general, and for pathogens in particular. We investigated the genetics of adaptation to cystic fibrosis-like culture conditions in the presence and absence of fluoroquinolone antibiotics using the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Whole-genome sequencing of experimentally evolved isolates revealed parallel evolution at a handful of known antibiotic resistance genes. While the level of antibiotic resistance was largely determined by these known resistance genes, the costs of resistance were instead attributable to a number of mutations that were specific to individual experimental isolates. Notably, stereotypical quinolone resistance mutations in DNA gyrase often co-occurred with other mutations that, together, conferred high levels of resistance but no consistent cost of resistance. This result may explain why these mutations are so prevalent in clinical quinolone-resistant isolates. In addition, genes involved in cyclic-di-GMP signalling were repeatedly mutated in populations evolved in viscous culture media, suggesting a shared mechanism of adaptation to this CF–like growth environment. Experimental evolutionary approaches to understanding pathogen adaptation should provide an important complement to studies of the evolution of clinical isolates.
Activity Parameters of Subthalamic Nucleus Neurons Selectively Predict Motor Symptom Severity in Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous disorder that leads to variable expression of several different motor symptoms. While changes in firing rate, pattern, and oscillation of basal ganglia neurons have been observed in PD patients and experimental animals, there is limited evidence linking them to specific motor symptoms. Here we examined this relationship using extracellular recordings of subthalamic nucleus neurons from 19 PD patients undergoing surgery for deep brain stimulation. For each patient, ≥10 single units and/or multi-units were recorded in the OFF medication state. We correlated the proportion of neurons displaying different activities with preoperative Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale subscores (OFF medication). The mean spectral power at sub-beta frequencies and percentage of units oscillating at beta frequencies were positively correlated with the axial and limb rigidity scores, respectively. The percentage of units oscillating at gamma frequency was negatively correlated with the bradykinesia scores. The mean intraburst rate was positively correlated with both bradykinesia and axial scores, while the related ratio of interspike intervals below/above 10 ms was positively correlated with these symptoms and limb rigidity. None of the activity parameters correlated with tremor. The grand average of all the significantly correlated subthalamic nucleus activities accounted for >60% of the variance of the combined bradykinetic-rigid and axial scores. Our results demonstrate that the occurrence of alterations in the rate and pattern of basal ganglia neurons could partly underlie the variability in parkinsonian phenotype.
Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-5 Regulates Excessive Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats via ERK 1/2 Phosphorylation

Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are important components of insulin growth factor (IGF) signaling pathways. One of the binding proteins, IGFBP-5, enhances the actions of IGF-1, which include the enhanced proliferation of smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we examined the expression and the biological effects of IGFBP-5 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). The levels of IGFBP-5 mRNA and protein were found to be higher in the VSMC from SHR than in those from WKY. Treatment with recombinant IGFBP-5-stimulated VSMC proliferation in WKY to the levels observed in SHR. In the VSMCs of WKY, incubation with angiotensin (Ang) II or IGF-1 dose dependently increased IGFBP-5 protein levels. Transfection with IGFBP-5 siRNA reduced VSMC proliferation in SHR to the levels exhibited in WKY. In addition, recombinant IGFBP-5 significantly up-regulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the VSMCs of WKY as much as those of SHR. Concurrent treatment with the MEK1/2 inhibitors, PD98059 or U0126 completely inhibited recombinant IGFBP-5-induced VSMC proliferation in WKY, while concurrent treatment with the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor, LY294002, had no effect. Furthermore, knockdown with IGFBP-5 siRNA inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation in VSMC of SHR. These results suggest that IGFBP-5 plays a role in the regulation of VSMC proliferation via ERK1/2 MAPK signaling in hypertensive rats.
Diversity and prevalence of antiretroviral genotypic resistance mutations among HIV-1-infected children.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate genotyping and subtyping in antiretroviral (ARV) naïve and experienced children, as well as drug resistance profiles through genotyping in these children. METHODS This retrospective study assessed ARV-naïve HIV children and HIV children failing highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) followed up at Santa Casa de São Paulo. Genotyping was performed using purified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from retrotranscribed RNA using Kit Viroseq HIV-1 Genotyping System 2.0 or nested PCR in-house. Sequencing was performed using automatic equipment (ABI 3100). ARV resistance mutations were analyzed in the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database and subtyping was performed at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), using SimPlot analysis, together with phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS No primary ARV resistance mutation was detected in the 24 ARV-naïve children, although there were mutations that may contribute to resistance to nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) (12.5%) and to protease inhibitors (PI) (95.8%). For the 23 children failing HAART, we found ARV resistance mutations to NRTI in 95.6% and to non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) in 60.8%. For PI, we found ARV resistance mutations in 95.7%, 47.8% of which had only polymorfisms. In the subtyping analyses, 78.3% of the sequences clustered in HIV-1 subtype B, 4.3% in C, 13% in F and 4.4% in recombinant forms. CONCLUSION Our results show low rates of primary resistance in ARV-naïve children and high rates of resistance in children failing ARV treatment, which is compatible with ARV use in these patients.
The Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Cynicism on Job Performance: The Role of Motivation as Mediator

The present study aims to investigate the mediation effect of motivation on the relationship between emotional intelligence, organizational cynicism and job performance. The participants were civil servants currently working at government office in Medan city, North Sumatera, Indonesia. A Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in order to test the hypotheses development. The research found that emotional intelligence positively and significantly affected motivation and job performance, while organizational cynicism was also found to have negative and significant effect on motivation and job performance. Motivation was also proven as determinant of job performance. However, motivation did not mediate the relationship between emotional intelligence, organizational cynicism and job performance. Importantly, results of this study have extended the literature of emotional intelligence and organizational cynicism in organizational settings.
Dysphagia and aspiration in children

Aspiration is a significant cause of respiratory morbidity and sometimes mortality in children. It occurs when airway protective reflexes fail, especially, when dysphagia is also present. Clinical symptoms and physical findings of aspiration can be nonspecific. Advances in technology can lead to early diagnosis of dysphagia and aspiration, and, new therapeutic advances can significantly improve outcome and prognosis. This report first reviews the anatomy and physiology involved in the normal process of swallowing. Next, the protective reflexes that help to prevent aspiration are discussed followed by the pathophysiologic events that occur after an aspiration event. Various disease processes that can result in dysphagia and aspiration in children are discussed. Finally, the various methods for diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia in children are reviewed. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:321–337. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
X-Ray Spectra from Neutron Stars Accreting at Low Rates

The spectral properties of X–ray radiation produced in a static atmosphere around a neutron star accreting at very low rates are investigated. Previous results by Alme & Wilson (1973) are extended to the range 10 −7 � L=L Edd � 10 −3 to include the typical luminosities, L � 10 31 10 32 ergss −1 , expected from isolated neutron stars accreting the interstellar medium. The emergent spectra show an overall hardening with respect to the blackbody at the neutron star effective temperature in addition to a significant excess over the Wien tail. The relevance of present results in connection with the observability of low– luminosity X–ray sources is briefly discussed.
Physiological and Behavioral Stress and Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders during Routine Oral Care

Background. Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) commonly exhibit uncooperative behaviors which impede oral care. Previous studies have utilized dentist-report measures of uncooperative behaviors in children with ASD but none have utilized an objective measure of children's behavior or a physiological measure of distress. This study investigated behavioral and physiological distress in children with ASD during routine oral care and examined factors associated with this distress. Methods. Participants were 44 children (n = 22 typical, n = 22 ASD) aged 6–12 receiving routine dental cleanings. Behavioral and physiological measures of stress and anxiety were collected during dental cleanings. Results. Children with ASD exhibited greater distress, compared to the typical group, on dentist-report and researcher-coded measures of overt distress behaviors and on physiological measures. Correlations between physiological and behavioral measures of distress were found in the ASD but not in the typical group. Behavioral distress was correlated with age in the typical group and with expressive communication ability and sensory processing difficulties in the ASD group; physiological distress was correlated with parent-report of anxiety in the typical group and sensory processing difficulties in the ASD group. Conclusions. Novel strategies may be required to decrease behavioral and physiological distress in children with ASD in the dental clinic.
The Magnitude of Menu Costs: Direct Evidence from Large U.S. Supermarket Chains

We use store-level data to document the exact process of changing prices and to directly measure menu costs at five multi-store supermarket chains. We show that changing prices in these establishments is a complex process, requiring dozens of steps and a nontrivial amount of resources. The menu costs average $105,887/year per store, comprising 0.70% of revenues, 35.2% of net margins, and $0.52/price change. These menu costs may be forming a barrier to price changes. Specifically, (1) a supermarket chain facing higher menu costs (due to item pricing laws which require a separate price tag on each item) changes prices 2 1/2 times less frequently than the other four chains; (2) within this chain, the prices of products exempt from the law are changed over three times more frequently than the products subject to the law.
A degree centrality in multi-layered social network

Multi-layered social networks reflect complex relationships existing in modern interconnected IT systems. In such a network each pair of nodes may be linked by many edges that correspond to different communication or collaboration user activities. Multi-layered degree centrality for multi-layered social networks is presented in the paper. Experimental studies were carried out on data collected from the real Web 2.0 site. The multi-layered social network extracted from this data consists of ten distinct layers and the network analysis was performed for different degree centralities measures.
Global patterns in the publishing of academic knowledge: Global North, global South

Much is made of the persistent structures of inequality that determine the production and distribution of goods and services across the world, but less is known about the inequalities of global academic knowledge production, and even a smaller amount about the nature of the publication industry upon which this production process depends. Reflecting on an international study of academic publishing that has been framed within the lens of Southern theory, this article explores some of the issues facing those who work and publish in the global South, and offers an analysis of several of the mechanisms that assist to maintain the inequalities of the knowledge system. The focus then moves to an examination of some recent developments in academic publishing which challenge the dominance of the global North: the building of alternative transnational circuits of publishing that provide effective pathways for the distribution of academic knowledge from ‘inside the global South’.
Attributions of competence and warmth to the leader and employees’ organizational commitment: The mediation role of the satisfaction of basic needs

In the present study, competence and warmth, the two fundamental dimensions of social judgment, postulated by the stereotype content model (SCM), are considered as leaders’ traits. In particular, we investigated whether the attribution of competence and warmth to one’s own supervisor is related to employees’ organizational commitment. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the mechanism underpinning this relation was the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs — competence, autonomy, and relatedness — conceptualized by self-determination theory. To test our hypotheses a cross-sectional study was conducted, examining metalworkers (N = 120) of an engineering industry. Participants filled out a questionnaire, including measures of evaluations regarding one’s supervisor, satisfaction of basic needs at work, and organizational commitment. Indirect effects of leader’s perceived competence and perceived warmth on organizational commitment were tested using PROCESS. Results showed that warmth ascribed to the leader, but not competence, was positively related to organizational commitment, this relationship being mediated by the satisfaction of the need for autonomy. Our findings establish a link between warmth ascribed to one’s supervisor and employees’ organizational commitment, suggesting the usefulness of considering warmth and competence as leader traits in organizational contexts.
Nonparametric Models of Financial Leverage Decisions

This paper investigates the properties of nonparametric decision tree models in the analysis of financial leverage decisions. This approach presents two appealing features: the relationship between leverage ratios and the explanatory variables is not predetermined but is derived according to information provided by the data, and the models respect the bounded and fractional nature of leverage ratios. The analysis shows that tree models suggest relationships between explanatory variables and the relative amount of issued debt that parametric models fail to capture. Furthermore, the significant relationships found by tree models are in most cases in accordance with the effects predicted by the pecking-order theory. The results also show that two-part tree models can accommodate better the distinct effects of explanatory variables on the decision to issue debt and on the amount of debt issued by firms that do resort to debt.
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Water Quality for On-line Haemodiafiltration

The term 'ultrapure water' is a common way efficiency of the filtration system was a recirculating dextran-blue solution continuously monitored by a UV to define water used for on-line treatments: it refers to the absence of chemical, organic and microbiological detector. The idea was applied also to substitution fluids for HDF, but the on-line control was removed contamination. To be more accurate in definition, every known and potential contaminant has to be fixed due to problems with pyrogens contaminating the dextran solution. Since then, no other on-line micro-at its limit value. AAMI recommendations and various Pharmacopoeias have set limits for dialysate based on biological control has been proposed, but a great deal of effort has been devoted to improving the quality of traditional dialysis treatments, but on-line treatments should also be regulated by guidelines for infusion water used in the on-line HDF treatment modality. solutions. Modern water treatment technology allows us to obtain a proper chemical quality both for dialysate and infusion solutions in on-line dialysis. Which water quality? Technology alone, however, cannot guarantee adequate microbiological quality if water treatment is not The word quality is used increasingly in the medical linked to the appropriate maintenance, monitoring, context due to accreditation and quality control pro-cleaning and sanitizing procedures. On-line dialysis grammes entering the sanitary system. The most suit-treatments, as well as high-flux dialysis, use the monitor able reference to define quality for a process of on-site as an on-site pharmaceutical factory where sterilization production of dialysis water is derived from UNI-ISO by filtration forces nephrologists to look for procedures standards, where quality is related to a pre-established to keep sterile water sterile. need: 'quality is the whole of properties and peculiarities of a product or a service that provides the capacity If so, have we defined our needs for on-line HDF fluids? Ultrapure water defined as a sterile, apyrogenic and low chemically contaminated solution [3] represents the solution based on actual knowledge and technical skills. The accepted level of contamination
The infeasible SIR region is not a convex set

This paper deals with the geometry of a feasible SIR region, which is defined as a set of all signal-to-interference ratios that can be supported in a power-controlled wireless network when no link scheduling is involved. It was conjectured that the complement of the feasible SIR region, a so-called infeasible SIR region, is in general a convex set under a total power constraint. The conjecture was supported by some partial results and the fact that the infeasible SIR region is a convex set in the 2 dimensional case. This paper disproves this conjecture, thereby showing that the geometry of the infeasible SIR region is more complicated than it was supposed to be. The paper discusses some possible implications of these results on optimal link scheduling policies