Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prox1 Regulates the Subtype-Specific Development of Caudal Ganglionic Eminence-Derived GABAergic Cortical Interneurons

Neurogliaform (RELN+) and bipolar (VIP+) GABAergic interneurons of the mammalian cerebral cortex provide critical inhibition locally within the superficial layers. While these subtypes are known to originate from the embryonic caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE), the specific genetic programs that direct their positioning, maturation, and integration into the cortical network have not been elucidated. Here, we report that in mice expression of the transcription factor Prox1 is selectively maintained in postmitotic CGE-derived cortical interneuron precursors and that loss of Prox1 impairs the integration of these cells into superficial layers. Moreover, Prox1 differentially regulates the postnatal maturation of each specific subtype originating from the CGE (RELN, Calb2/VIP, and VIP). Interestingly, Prox1 promotes the maturation of CGE-derived interneuron subtypes through intrinsic differentiation programs that operate in tandem with extrinsically driven neuronal activity-dependent pathways. Thus Prox1 represents the first identified transcription factor specifically required for the embryonic and postnatal acquisition of CGE-derived cortical interneuron properties. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Despite the recognition that 30% of GABAergic cortical interneurons originate from the caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE), to date, a specific transcriptional program that selectively regulates the development of these populations has not yet been identified. Moreover, while CGE-derived interneurons display unique patterns of tangential and radial migration and preferentially populate the superficial layers of the cortex, identification of a molecular program that controls these events is lacking. Here, we demonstrate that the homeodomain transcription factor Prox1 is expressed in postmitotic CGE-derived cortical interneuron precursors and is maintained into adulthood. We found that Prox1 function is differentially required during both embryonic and postnatal stages of development to direct the migration, differentiation, circuit integration, and maintenance programs within distinct subtypes of CGE-derived interneurons.
Assessing a Couple's Relationship and Compatibility Using the MARI® Card Test and Mandala Drawings

This paper illustrates the use of the MARI® Card Test, a transpersonal assessment tool which includes archetypal designs and color choices, as well as the drawing of a white and black mandala, or circle picture, for assessing the compatibility of two people in a committed relationship. In an informal pilot research study, 22 couples were given this assessment and interpreted according to seven comparison categories that might affect their relationship and compatibility. Unresolved prenatal and developmental childhood issues, the current primary treatment issue for each person, the dynamics of the couple's communication, areas of conflict or tension, and sexual issues were examined. Areas of commonality between the partners and personal strengths each person brought to the relationship also were identified. These seven categories were then related to the couple's choices on the card test. Two mandala drawings added insights and further information that complemented the interpretation of the test. One couple is presented in this article as a case study to illustrate the assessment technique and to highlight its value in working with couples. The Couple Compatibility Assessment can be helpful at the beginning of couple therapy because it provides nonverbal information that may not be available in a more traditional intake interview. This assessment can also be of use during and at the end of couple therapy as an indication of change in the relationship.
Combining resources for MWE-token classification

We study the task of automatically disambiguating word combinations such as jump the gun which are ambiguous between a literal and MWE interpretation, focusing on the utility of type-level features from an MWE lexicon for the disambiguation task. To this end we combine gold-standard idiomaticity of tokens in the OpenMWE corpus with MWE-type-level information drawn from the recently-published JDMWE lexicon. We find that constituent modifiability in an MWE-type is more predictive of the idiomaticity of its tokens than other constituent characteristics such as semantic class or part of speech.
Coordinated checkpointing without direct coordination

Coordinated checkpointing is a well-known method to achieve fault tolerance in distributed systems. Long running parallel applications and high-availability applications are two potential users of checkpointing, although with different requirements. Parallel applications need low failure-free overheads, and high-availability applications require fast and bounded recoveries. In this paper we describe a new coordinated checkpoint protocol capable of satisfying both types of applications. The protocol uses time to avoid all types of direct coordination (e.g., message exchanges and message tagging), reducing the overheads to almost a minimum. To ensure that rapid recoveries can be attained the protocol guarantees small checkpoint latencies. The protocol was implemented and tested on a cluster of workstations connected by a 155 Mbit/sec ATM. Experimental results show that the protocol overheads are very small.
Qualitative Research in Education: Focus and Methods

With two exceptions—‘lnside Lives: The Quality of Biography’ and ‘Putting Life into Educational Research’—the papers that appear in this collection are reprinted from the Journal of Thought, Volume 19, Number 2 (Summer, 1984), pp. 24–29 (‘Qualitative Research: A Theme Issue’); and Volume 21, Number 3 (Fall, 1986), entire issue (‘Qualitative Research: A Special Topic Edition’). They are reprinted with the permission of the authors and the Editor of Journal of Thought. We express our appreciation to Dr Chipman G.Stuart, the Editor, for the opportunity first to publish our views and then for permission to republish them. Dr Stuart has shown that editing a journal is more than a service; it is a distinct contribution to research. Our thanks also to Dr Samuel D.Andrews, our colleague in Foundations of Education at the University of Florida, who helped in preparing the first issue of Journal of Thought. We wish to thank Falmer Press Limited, Mr Malcolm W.Clarkson, Managing Director; and Dr Ivor G.Goodson, member of the Board of Directors, for arranging to have the papers republished. Because they have gone out of print in their previous form, their republication makes them available for continued use by students and others interested in qualitative research. We also appreciate the authors’ willingness to have their ideas exposed to a wider audience. Our aim with this collection is to clarify and explain some of the different approaches and methods by which ‘qualitative’ research in education is being conducted and to develop a sense of what is meant by the term ‘qualitative’. It is not our view that qualitative research is an alternative, or an antagonist, to quantitative research. We want any research to be rigorous and productive. The contributors explain how that can be accomplished with various kinds of qualitative methods. Our aim also is to provoke discussion and further elaboration of the issues and methods that are represented, so we have taken x seriously the matter of citing documentation and giving references for further reading. A word about the title of the collection. We think it is important to stress the idea of a unity among the methods. There appears to be a general or generic idea of qualitative research that is in the background of all the contributions. But to avoid reductionism or debate over ‘unified science’, we emphasize unity of ‘focus’. The several methods appear to have a similar focus. ‘Focus’ should be enough to give the sense of what is meant by ‘the qualitative’ and how qualitative methods are related. The quest for understanding is never finished. Other qualitative methods may be formulated, particularly combinations of methods, and their use in educational research will need to be demonstrated. What we offer here is a beginning. We trust that our students and colleagues will go well beyond what we have imagined.
Survey about citation context analysis: Tasks, techniques, and resources

Abstract Bibliometric calculations currently used to assess the quality of researchers, articles, and scientific journals have serious structural problems; many authors have noted the weakness of citation counts, because they are purely quantitative and do not differentiate between high- and low-citing papers. If a paper’s reputation is simply evaluated according to the number of its citations, then incomplete, incorrect, or controversial articles may be promoted, regardless of their relevancy. Therefore, perverse incentives are generated for researchers who may publish many incorrect or incomplete papers to achieve high impact indexes. It is essential to improve the objective criteria for automatic article-quality assessments. However, to obtain these new criteria, it is necessary to advance the programmed detection of context, polarity, and function of bibliographic references. We present an overview of general concepts and review contributions to the solutions to problems related to these issues, with the purpose of identifying trends and suggesting possible future research directions.
Biomimetic algorithms for coordinated motion: Theory and implementation

Drawing inspiration from flight behavior in biological settings (e.g. territorial battles in dragonflies, and flocking in starlings), this paper demonstrates two strategies for coverage and flocking. Using earlier theoretical studies on mutual motion camouflage, an appropriate steering control law for area coverage has been implemented in a laboratory test-bed equipped with wheeled mobile robots and a Vicon high speed motion capture system. The same test-bed is also used to demonstrate another strategy (based on local information), termed topological velocity alignment, which serves to make agents move in the same direction. The present work illustrates the applicability of biological inspiration in the design of multi-agent robotic collectives.
Cognitive coping strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety: a comparison between adolescents and adults.

The present study focused on comparability of adolescents and adults in the reporting of cognitive coping strategies and their relationship to symptoms of depression and anxiety. Two samples were included: 487 adolescents attending a secondary school and 630 adults from a general practitioners practice. Data were obtained on symptoms of depression and anxiety and the use of nine cognitive coping strategies: acceptance, catastrophizing, other-blame, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, refocus on planning, positive refocusing, rumination and self-blame. The results showed that all cognitive coping strategies were reported by adolescents to a significantly lesser extent than by adults. Further, it was shown that both in adolescents and adults a considerable percentage of the variance in symptomatology was explained by the use of cognitive coping strategies. Although adolescents and adults differed in relative strength of the relationships, generally speaking, conclusions were the same: in both groups, the cognitive coping strategies self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing and positive reappraisal were shown to play the most important role in the reporting of symptoms of psychopathology, showing the importance of introducing prevention and intervention programmes at an early stage.
Is specimen mammography beneficial?

HYPOTHESIS Specimen mammography is not beneficial in the management or outcome of patients undergoing image-guided needle-localized breast biopsies. DESIGN A retrospective study of consecutive patients who underwent needle/dye-localized breast biopsies between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 1995. SETTING National Cancer Institute (Bethesda, Md)-designated comprehensive cancer center. PATIENTS One hundred sixty-four patients underwent 165 needle/dye-localized breast biopsies for suspicious mammographic abnormalities. RESULTS In only 3 (1.8%) of 165 patients did the patient clearly benefit from specimen mammography. In no patient was a malignant neoplasm missed. The mean time for the specimen mammogram was 20 minutes, adding an additional 55 hours of operating room time. Specimen mammography cost an additional $60,522 and was incorrect in 41 (24.8%) of 165 patients. CONCLUSION Specimen mammography added little to patient care, as only 3 (1.8%) of 165 patients benefited from the information.
Influenza virus subtype-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes lyse target cells coated with a protein produced in E. coli

We have tested the ability of the c13 protein, which is a hybrid protein of the first 81 amino acids of the viral nonstructural protein (NS1) and the HA2 subunit of viral hemagglutination produced in E. coli, to render target cells susceptible to the lytic activity of influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The results showed that P815 cells coated with c13 protein were lysed by PR8 virus- induced secondary CTL derived from BALB/c mice. Cold-target inhibition tests clearly demonstrated that c13 protein-coated P815 cells were recognized by an H1 subtype-specific CTL population. Furthermore, PR8 virus-induced CTL derived from C3H mice did not lyse c13 protein-coated P815 cells, suggesting that c13 protein was recognized by CTL in conjunction with H-2d products. These findings suggest that this protein interacts with the cellular plasma membrane and makes target cells recognizable by H-2-restricted, influenza virus subtype-specific CTL.
Functional Maps of Neocortical Local Circuitry

This review aims to summarize data obtained with different techniques to provide a functional map of the local circuit connections made by neocortical neurones, a reference for those interested in cortical circuitry and the numerical information required by those wishing to model the circuit. A brief description of the main techniques used to study circuitry is followed by outline descriptions of the major classes of neocortical excitatory and inhibitory neurones and the connections that each layer makes with other cortical and subcortical regions. Maps summarizing the projection patterns of each class of neurone within the local circuit and tables of the properties of these local circuit connections are provided. This review relies primarily on anatomical studies that have identified the classes of neurones and their local and long distance connections and on paired intracellular and whole-cell recordings which have documented the properties of the connections between them. A large number of different types of synaptic connections have been described, but for some there are only a few published examples and for others the details that can only be obtained with paired recordings and dye-filling are lacking. A further complication is provided by the range of species, technical approaches and age groups used in these studies. Wherever possible the range of available data are summarised and compared. To fill some of the more obvious gaps for the less well-documented cases, data obtained with other methods are also summarized.
Cell specific expression of peroxiredoxins in human lung and pulmonary sarcoidosis

Background: Six proteins of the peroxiredoxin (Prx) family have recently been characterised which have the capacity to decompose hydrogen peroxide in vivo and in vitro. These proteins may have an important role in the protection of human lung against endogenous and exogenous oxidant stress. However, the expression and distribution of these proteins in healthy human lung and diseased lung tissue is unknown. Methods: The cell specific expression of Prxs in healthy lung tissue from four non-smokers and in parenchymal tissue from 10 subjects with pulmonary sarcoidosis was investigated by immunohistochemistry, and expression of these proteins in various cultured lung cells and cells of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of controls and patients with sarcoidosis was assessed by Western blot analysis. Results: All six Prxs could be synthesised in cultured human lung cells. The bronchial epithelium showed moderate to high expression of Prxs I, III, V and VI, the alveolar epithelium expressed mainly Prxs V and VI, and alveolar macrophages expressed mainly Prxs I and III. Granulomas of subjects with sarcoidosis expressed mainly Prxs I and III. Samples of BAL fluid from controls and from subjects with sarcoidosis had very similar findings, except that Prxs II and III had a tendency for increased immunoreactivity in sarcoidosis tissue. Conclusions: Prxs I, III, V, and VI, in particular, have prominent and cell specific expression in human lung tissue. High expression of Prxs I and III in granulomas and alveolar macrophages of sarcoidosis parenchyma may have a significant effect on the oxidant burden and the progression of lung injury in this disease.
Speech intonation for TTS: study on evaluation methodology

Copyright © 2014 ISCA. The standard evaluation of intonation models is by means of non-referenced subjective tests (pair or MOS) in which subjects rate the quality or compare different samples without any explicit reference. These tests are usually conducted on an isolated sentence basis. However, for a single sentence, with no contextual information, there are multiple valid intonations. A subject's preference over this range of intonation patterns may be highly personal. This paper investigates the degree to which this ambiguity in the appropriate intonation pattern impacts the assessments of prosody for speech synthesis systems. To examine this problem, the variance of the F0 pattern of several vocoded sentences was modified and subjects asked to compare multiple versions with different levels of modification in terms of preference/quality. Then, they were presented with the reference which defines the original intonation and asked about the similarity to that reference. The results show that subjects can identify the samples with no F0 variance modification when given a reference but they don't always prefer them. Thus, non-referenced tests with no context, though may help to analyse user acceptability, may not be appropriate to measure the performance of intonation models.
Algebraic Attack to SMS4 and the Comparison with AES

SMS4 is a 128-bit block cipher, which is used in the WAPI standard in China. This paper examines algebraic attacks on SMS4 over two different fields, that is, GF(2) and GF$(2^8),$ respectively. With regards to this, we first describe the SMS4 as systems of quadratic equations over the two different fields, and then estimate the computational complexities of XL algorithm for solving the two equations systems. Further, we compare resistances of SMS4 with that of AES against algebraic attacks, and as a result the SMS4 cipher seems robuster than AES.
Antibodies with beta-adrenergic activity from chronic chagasic patients modulate the QT interval and M cell action potential duration.

AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate whether the sera from chronic chagasic patients (CChPs) with beta-1 adrenergic activity (Ab-beta) can modulate ventricular repolarization. Beta-adrenergic activity has been described in CChP. It increases the L-type calcium current and heart rate in isolated hearts, but its effects on ventricular repolarization has not been described. METHODS AND RESULTS In isolated rabbit hearts, under pacing condition, QT interval was measured under Ab-beta perfusion. Beta-adrenergic activity was also tested in guinea pig ventricular M cells. Furthermore, the immunoglobulin fraction (IgG-beta) of the Ab-beta was tested on Ito, ICa, and Iks currents in rat, rabbit, and guinea pig myocytes, respectively. Beta-adrenergic activity shortened the QT interval. This effect was abolished in the presence of propranolol. In addition, sera from CChP without beta-adrenergic activity (Ab-beta) did not modulate QT interval. The M cell action potential duration (APD) was reversibly shortened by Ab-beta. Atenolol inhibited this effect of Ab-beta, and Ab- did not modulate the AP of M cells. Ito was not modulated by isoproterenol nor by IgG-beta. However, IgG-beta increased ICa and IKs. CONCLUSION The shortening of the QT interval and APD in M cells and the increase of IKs and ICa induced by IgG-beta contribute to repolarization changes that may trigger malignant ventricular arrhythmias observed in patients with chronic chagasic or idiopathic cardiomyopathy.
BTI and leakage aware dynamic voltage scaling for reliable low power cache memories

We propose a novel dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) approach for reliable and energy efficient cache memories. First, we demonstrate that, as memories age, leakage power reduction techniques become more effective due to sub-threshold current reduction with aging. Then, we provide an analytical model and a design exploration framework to evaluate trade-offs between leakage power and reliability, and propose a BTI and leakage aware selection of the “drowsy” state retention voltage for DVS of cache memories. We propose three DVS policies, allowing us to achieve different power/reliability trade-offs. Through SPICE simulations, we show that a critical charge and a static noise margin increase up to 150% and 34.7%, respectively, is achieved compared to standard aging unaware drowsy technique, with a limited leakage power increase during the very early lifetime, and with leakage energy saving up to 37% in 10 years of operation. These improvements are attained at zero or negligible area cost.
Stress and coping in adolescents

The following review investigates stress and coping in adolescents. Some of the main stressors for adolescents are reviewed, and research into coping behaviour is examined. The effects of individual differences in stress and coping are also explored. There are many issues related to adolescent stress and coping that warrant further investigation. This review examines the different types of stress and the main stressors encountered by adolescents. Coping behaviour is explored, including the consistency of coping behaviour across situations. An appropriate assessment measure of adolescent coping (ACS) is recommended. The main coping strategies employed by adolescents are reviewed, and differences such as gender, age and ability, as well as school differences (private/state) in stress and coping behaviour are investigated. Social support, help seeking behaviour and coping are examined. It is concluded that further work is required in relation to the consistency of coping strategies across different situations perceived as stressful and non-stressful by adolescents.