Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic potentials of recently introduced antidepressants. Danish University Antidepressant Group.

The DUAG studies showed that in well-designed and rigorously executed multisite drug trials three representatives (citalopram, paroxetine, and moclobemide) from two classes of recent antidepressant drugs were less effective than the standard reference drug, clomipramine. The most important reasons for the superiority of clomipramine was probably that clomipramine was given in a high and fixed dose of 150 mg per day throughout the entire treatment period and that patient compliance was ensured through drug monitoring. When the DUAG studies are compared with "no difference" studies, the difference between DUAG and others lies not so much in a different efficacy of the test drugs but in the efficacy of the reference drugs, where clomipramine in the DUAG studies was more effective than reference tricyclics in most other studies with flexible dose regimens. A relatively high rate of adverse drug reactions with clomipramine administered in high and fixed doses was probably due to a considerable interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetic properties. (Gram 1990), and the development of side effects may be predicted and prevented when better knowledge of plasma concentration and dose-response relations for classical tricyclic antidepressants allow individual dose adjustments. Such studies are under way with in the DUAG. The results of such studies may reduce the need for new antidepressants which, although less toxic than the classical tricyclics, may prove to be also less potent. The DUAG studies were performed in hospitalized, moderately to severely, endogeneously depressed adult patients and conclusions from the DUAG studies about the superiority of clomipramine over three recent antidepressants cannot readily be generalized to cover less homogeneous groups of outpatients with milder depression. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TAINTED TRUTH: OVERCORRECTION FOR MISINFORMATION INFLUENCE ON EYEWITNESS MEMORY

Existing research shows that the postevent misinformation effect on eyewitness memory can be successfully reduced by retrospective warnings. Exploring potential costs of such warnings, we investigated whether warned eyewitnesses might overcorrect for misinformation influence from the postevent source. Across three experiments, warned participants recognized relatively fewer event items that were truthfully described in a postevent narrative (“tainted” event items) than did unwarned participants. This tainted truth effect was obtained for peripheral but not for central event items (Experiments 1–3); it persisted when the warning took the form of an explicit source–monitoring instruction (Experiment 2) and when the accessibility of the postevent information was increased (Experiment 3). Overall, the effect was stronger with a socially framed warning than with more direct, explicitly phrased warnings. The findings suggest that the tainted truth effect is due to more careful monitoring for information from a .
The relevance of the dual control model to male sexual dysfunction: the Kinsey Institute/BASRT collaborative project

The recently developed SIS/SES scales, measuring propensity for sexual inhibition (SIS1 and SIS2) and for sexual excitation (SES), shown to be related to erectile problems in non-clinical samples, were explored in 171 men attending sexual problem clinics [n = 146 with erectile dysfunction (ED)] and compared with an age matched non-clinical sample (n = 446). SES and SIS1 scores in the clinic group with ED were very similar to those reporting ED in the non-clinical sample, but were not related to reporting of premature ejaculation (PE) in either group. In the clinic group, SIS/SES scores were related to features of the sexual history of potential aetiological relevance. SES was higher in men with normal waking erections, with erections better during masturbation than during sexual intercourse and lower in men with marked performance anxiety. SIS1 was higher in men with low sexual desire, and SIS2 higher in men with fear of rejection by their partners. These preliminary findings raise more questions than answers, but do provide a theoretical model for further research into male sexual dysfunction, in which erectile dysfunction can be seen as resulting from either impaired arousability (low SES), high inhibition proneness (high SIS1) or a combination of the two.
The Effects of Mental Practice on Motor Skill Performance: Critical Evaluation and Meta-Analysis

Empirical research suggests that mental practice may enhance the performance of motor skills. Many variables have been shown to mediate the size and direction of the mental practice effects. The purpose of the present study is to provide an overview of research examining the role played by these variables in mediating the effectiveness of mental practice. In order to integrate the findings in the literature and to further analyze the relative contributions of each of these variables, a meta-analysis was performed according to the procedure outlined by Smith, Glass, and Miller. Twenty-one studies that met the criteria of having both an adequate control and a mental practice alone group were included in the meta-analysis. The forty-four separate effect sizes resulted in an overall average effect size of . 68, (SD = .11) indicating that there is a significant benefit to performance of using mental practice over no practice. A series of General Linear Models revealed that the use of “internal” imagery produced a larger average effect size than the use of “external” imagery, and that mental practice sessions of less than one minute or between ten and fifteen minutes in length produced a larger average effect size than sessions of three to five minutes in length. These findings suggest the complexity of the relationship between variables that influence mental practice.
Higher Perceived Stress but Lower Cortisol Levels Found among Young Greek Adults Living in a Stressful Social Environment in Comparison with Swedish Young Adults

The worldwide financial crisis during recent years has raised concerns of negative public health effects. This is notably evident in southern Europe. In Greece, where the financial austerity has been especially pronounced, the prevalence of mental health problems including depression and suicide has increased, and outbreaks of infectious diseases have risen. The main objective in this study was to investigate whether different indicators of health and stress levels measured by a new biomarker based on cortisol in human hair were different amongst comparable Greek and Swedish young adults, considering that Sweden has been much less affected by the recent economic crises. In this cross-sectional comparative study, young adults from the city of Athens in Greece (n = 124) and from the city of Linkoping in Sweden (n = 112) participated. The data collection comprised answering a questionnaire with different health indicators and hair samples being analyzed for the stress hormone cortisol, a biomarker with the ability to retrospectively measure long-term cortisol exposure. The Greek young adults reported significantly higher perceived stress (p<0.0001), had experienced more serious life events (p = 0.002), had lower hope for the future (p<0.0001), and had significantly more widespread symptoms of depression (p<0.0001) and anxiety (p<0.0001) than the Swedes. But, the Greeks were found to have significantly lower cortisol levels (p<0.0001) than the Swedes, and this difference was still significant in a multivariate regression (p<0.0001), after adjustments for potential intervening variables. A variety of factors related to differences in the physical or socio-cultural environment between the two sites, might possibly explain this finding. However, a potential biological mechanism is that long-term stress exposure could lead to a lowering of the cortisol levels. This study points out a possible hypothesis that the cortisol levels of the Greek young adults might have been suppressed and their HPA-axis down-regulated after living in a stressful environment with economic and social pressure.
Characterization of a Banach-Finsler manifold in terms of the algebras of smooth functions

In this note we give sufficient conditions to ensure that the weak Finsler structure of a complete C-k Finsler manifold M is determined by the normed algebra C-b(k)(M) of all real-valued, bounded and C-k smooth functions with bounded derivative defined on M. As a consequence, we obtain: (i) the Finsler structure of a finite-dimensional and complete C-k Finsler manifold M is determined by the algebra C-b(k)(M); (ii) the weak Finsler structure of a separable and complete C-k Finsler manifold M modeled on a Banach space with a Lipschitz and C-k smooth bump function is determined by the algebra C-b(k)(M); (iii) the weak Finsler structure of a C-1 uniformly bumpable and complete C-1 Finsler manifold M modeled on a Weakly Compactly Generated (WCG) Banach space is determined by the algebra C-b(1)(M); and (iv) the isometric structure of a WCG Banach space X with a C-1 smooth bump function is determined by the algebra C-b(1)(X).
Sex differences in outcomes after discharge from Alberta emergency departments for asthma: A large population-based study

ABSTRACT Objective: Asthma exacerbations frequently result in emergency department (ED) visits. While sex differences have been identified in some asthma studies, there is a paucity of literature on sex differences in the ED setting, especially population-based ones. This study examines sex differences in important outcomes of patients discharged from EDs for acute asthma in Alberta, Canada. Methods: Alberta residents aged from 2 to 55 years discharged from EDs with a primary diagnosis of asthma during 1999–2011 were identified from administrative databases from a single-payer health care system for the entire geographic region of Alberta. Multivariable Cox regression models analyzed time to first follow-up physician or specialist visit, and logistic regression models analyzed the binary outcome of ED return within 30 days for asthma. Results: There were 115,853 discharged patients analyzed (40.4% and 59.1% female in pediatric and adult groups, respectively). Approximately 26% of patients revisited the ED during 1999–2011 and 5.1% did so within 30 days. Women had higher odds of a 30-day ED return after ED discharge than men (unadjusted odds ratio [uOR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–1.36). Time to first non-ED physician follow-up was shorter for girls (unadjusted hazard ratio [uHR] = 1.05; 95%CI 1.03–1.07) and women (uHR = 1.62; 95%CI 1.59–1.64) than for boys and men, respectively. Significant interactions between sex and age, socio-economic status, area of residence, and comorbidities were identified and changed the effect of sex on outcomes. Conclusions: In conclusion, women return to EDs within 30 days of discharge for acute asthma more often than men. Time to first non-ED physician follow-up for children and adults differed by sex. Multiple factors likely contribute to these differences; however, identifying these differences is critical to understand the influence of sex on health behaviors and outcomes.
Impact of Bacterial Vaginosis, as Assessed by Nugent Criteria and Hormonal Status on Glycosidases and Lectin Binding in Cervicovaginal Lavage Samples

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of hormonal status and bacterial vaginosis (BV) on the glycosidases present and glycosylation changes as assessed by lectin binding to cervicovaginal lavage constituents. Frozen cervicovaginal lavage samples from a completed study examining the impact of reproductive hormones on the physicochemical properties of vaginal fluid were utilized for the present study. In the parent study, 165 women were characterized as having BV, intermediate or normal microflora using the Nugent criteria. The presence of glycosidases in the samples was determined using quantitative 4-methyl-umbelliferone based assays, and glycosylation was assessed using enzyme linked lectin assays (ELLA). Women with BV had elevated sialidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase and α-glucosidase activities compared to intermediate or normal women (P<0.001, 0.003, 0.006 and 0.042 respectively). The amount of sialic acid (Sambucus nigra, P = 0.003) and high mannose (griffithsin, P<0.001) were reduced, as evaluated by lectin binding, in women with BV. When the data were stratified according to hormonal status, α-glucosidase and griffithsin binding were decreased among postmenopausal women (P<0.02) when compared to premenopausal groups. These data suggest that both hormonal status and BV impact the glycosidases and lectin binding sites present in vaginal fluid. The sialidases present at increased levels in women with BV likely reduce the number of sialic acid binding sites. Other enzymes likely reduce griffithsin binding. The alterations in the glycosidase content, high mannose and sialic acid binding sites in the cervicovaginal fluid associated with bacterial vaginosis may impact susceptibility to viruses, such as HIV, that utilize glycans as a portal of entry.
Teacher and Student Perspectives on One-to-One Pedagogy: Practices and Possibilities.

This paper explores teachers' and students' perceptions of one-to-one pedagogy, in the context of tertiary vocal and instrumental tuition. Teachers and students at one Australian conservatoire participated in interviews and focus groups that explored their experiences and perceptions on the nature, value, effectiveness, and challenges of one-to-one learning and teaching. Four key themes emerged: customising teaching to the learner, the teacher- student relationship, negotiating issues of student dependency versus self-sufficiency, and situating one-to-one in a broader institutional context. Aside from an undisputed view that one-to-one is essential to students' learning and development, findings indicate diverse perceptions, including discrepancies between intentions of teachers and their pedagogical practice, and between teacher practice and student expectations. By drawing on voices 'from the inside' to characterise one-to-one practice, the study contributes to evidence- based research about learning and teaching in the conservatoire environment.
Novel cargo-binding site in the β and δ subunits of coatomer

Arginine (R)-based ER localization signals are sorting motifs that confer transient ER localization to unassembled subunits of multimeric membrane proteins. The COPI vesicle coat binds R-based signals but the molecular details remain unknown. Here, we use reporter membrane proteins based on the proteolipid Pmp2 fused to GFP and allele swapping of COPI subunits to map the recognition site for R-based signals. We show that two highly conserved stretches—in the β- and δ-COPI subunits—are required to maintain Pmp2GFP reporters exposing R-based signals in the ER. Combining a deletion of 21 residues in δ-COP together with the mutation of three residues in β-COP gave rise to a COPI coat that had lost its ability to recognize R-based signals, whilst the recognition of C-terminal di-lysine signals remained unimpaired. A homology model of the COPI trunk domain illustrates the recognition of R-based signals by COPI.
The impact of out-migration on the inter-generational support and psychological wellbeing of older adults in rural China

ABSTRACT This paper examines the impact of the out-migration of adult children on older parents' inter-generational support and psychological wellbeing in rural China. The sample comprised 1,237 older Chinese people aged 60 or more years in the rural province of Anhui, China, who completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires in 2001 and 2003, respectively. The differences between older parents with and without migrant children in 2001 in their support and psychological wellbeing in 2003 were examined using independent t-tests, as were changes over the two years in support and wellbeing. Multiple regression models were used to examine the impact of baseline out-migration on the psychological wellbeing of older parents at follow-up. The results showed that, compared to parents without migrant children in 2001, the parents of migrants had significantly more monetary support, less instrumental support, and a lower level of depression in 2003. Such differences may be attributed to different support resources and health status, but the regressions revealed that when the positive effect of inter-generational support was taken into account, older parents with more migrant children tended to have significantly more depression and lower life satisfaction. The findings point to the importance of continued inter-generational support after out-migration in maintaining parental wellbeing.
A jet-cloud interaction in the 3C 196 environment ,

Powerful radio galaxies and radio-loud quasars at high redshifts are frequently associated with extended emission-line regions (EELRs). Here we investigate the [O ii] EELR around the quasar 3C 196 at z = 0.871 using integral field spectroscopy. We also detect extended [Ne ii] emission at a distance of about 30 kpc from the core. The emission is aligned with the radio hot spots and shows a redshifted and a blueshifted component with a velocity difference of ∼800 km s −1 . The alignment effect and large velocities support the hypothesis that the EELR is caused by a jet-cloud interaction, which is furthermore indicated by the presence of a pronounced bend in the radio emission at the location of the radio hot spots. We also report observations of two other systems which do not show as clear indications of interactions. We find a weaker alignment of an [O ii] EELR from the z = 0.927 quasar 3C 336, while no EELR is found around the core-dominated quasar OI 363 at z = 0.63.
Vocabulary Learning Strategies of Japanese Life Science Students.

This study investigates vocabulary learning strategy (VLS) preferences of lower and higher proficiency Japanese university science students studying English as a foreign language. The study was conducted over a 9-week period as the participants received supplemental explicit VLS instruction on six strategies. The 38 participants (14 males and 24 females) were all first- and second-year students majoring in life sciences. The explicit vocabulary instruction focused on three cognitive, or shallower, strategies (vocalization, writing rehearsal, and word cards) and three memory strategies involving deeper processing (imagery strategies, association, and mnemonics). The aim of the study was to see which VLSs the learners were familiar with; their perceptions of VLSs for learning general academic vocabulary and for learning science words; and finally, after instruction, which strategy the learners preferred. Statistical analyses and qualitative data (student comments on each of the six strategies) were used to answer the questions. The results shed some light on the VLS preferences of life science students for studying both types of words. It also confirms the value of explicit VLS instruction for both lower and higher proficiency students and increased the researchers' understanding of the students' vocabulary learning behavior.
Evidence for a direct, short latency projection from the dorsal cochlear nucleus to the auditory thalamus in the guinea pig

The auditory thalamus (medial geniculate body, MGB) receives its main ascending input from the inferior colliculus (IC), which was considered to be an obligatory relay for all auditory inputs to the MGB. However, recent anatomical evidence in the rat [ ( Malmierca et al. 2002 ) J. Neurosci. , 22, 10891–10897] has confirmed the presence of a direct pathway from the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) to the medial MGB, bypassing the IC, as previously suggested in the chimpanzee [ ( Strominger et al. 1977 ) J. Comp. Neurol. , 172, 349–366]. We show that this direct pathway is also present in the guinea pig and apparently results in short latency responses in the thalamus. Injection of anterograde tracer into the DCN of five adult guinea pigs revealed terminal boutons and axonal swellings distributed throughout the medial MGB, but absent from all other MGB subdivisions. Electrophysiological recordings made from 39 adult guinea pigs (24 male & 15 female) showed neurons in the medial MGB responded with significantly shorter latencies to acoustic clicks (7.8 ms) than those from the ventral (11.0 ms), dorsal (14.4 ms), or shell (16.5 ms) MGB, consistent with the direct pathway from the DCN. The function of the direct pathway is not known but may be related to the fast responses and the role of the medial MGB in integrating combined somatosensory and auditory inputs. Short latency responses may be important in priming the auditory cortex to prepare it for rapid analysis and in recruiting the amygdala for rapid emotional responses such as fear.
Stuck in the Model Trap: The Effects of Beautiful Models in Ads on Female Pre-Adolescents and Adolescents

Abstract One of advertising's “unintended effects” is the impact highly attractive models may have on female pre-adolescents and adolescents. Using social comparison theory as a framework, the authors propose that young girls compare their physical attractiveness with that of advertising models and, subsequently, their self-perceptions and self-esteem may be affected, depending on the motive for social comparison. They report a study with a mixed-model design in which motive was manipulated. Girls in grades four, six, and eight participated. The results suggest that motive is important, as support was found for all hypotheses. However, the support was not consistent across all grades or for all dependent variables. The authors consider possible reasons for the inconsistency and discuss the implications of the findings for advertisers and educators.
Lines in the Forest

The history of internal territorialization in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, reveals the interplay between state and local concepts of territory. Both colonial and national authorities sought to divide natural resources and ethnic groups through boundary making, and local peoples have accommodated and challenged state concepts of territory in their competition over natural resources. This history highlights a common situation in which local people incorporate state boundary concepts in order to make claims on resources in a way the state recognizes. Yet indigenous concepts of territory and resource claims persist as local people seek multiple, practical ways of securing rights to resources, and as the power of the state fluctuates over time.
Who is more proactive, the optimist or the pessimist? Exploring the role of hope as a moderator

This research tested the existence of a moderation role of hope on the effects of optimism and pessimism over proactive coping in a sample survey of 343 subjects. The results showed that optimism explained proactive coping, independent of hope. However, hope appeared to moderate the relationship between pessimism and passive coping, a criterion variable that emerged from the psychometric analysis of the proactive coping measure. Specifically, for individuals low in pessimism, being high or low in hope did not impact coping, but for individuals high in pessimism, having higher levels of hope reduced passive coping. A deeper analysis also indicated that this was particularly due to the moderating role of the pathways dimension of hope. We discuss these results in light of different adaptive strategies of optimists and pessimists and draw implications for psychological research and practice.