Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal Variability of Soil Respiration in Experimental Tree Plantations in Lowland Costa Rica

The principal objective of this study was to determine if there is consistent temporal variability in soil respiration from different forest plantations in a lowland tropical rainforest environment. Soil respiration was measured regularly over 2004 to 2010 in replicated plantations of 15- to 20-year-old evergreen tropical trees in lowland Costa Rica. Statistically significant but small differences in soil respiration were observed among hours of the day; daytime measurements were suitable for determining mean fluxes in this study. Fluxes varied more substantially among months, with the highest average emissions (5.9 μmol·m−2·s−1) occurring in September and low emissions (3.7 μmol·m−2·s−1) occurring in January. Three of the six tree species had significantly increasing rates of soil respiration across 2004–2010, with fluxes increasing at an average of 0.09 μmol·m−2·s−1 per year: the three other species had no long-term trends. It was hypothesized that there would be a tradeoff between carbon allocation aboveground, to produce new leaves, and belowground, to sustain roots and mycorrhizae, but the relationship between canopy leaf fall—a surrogate for canopy leaf flushing—and soil respiration was significantly positive. The similarities observed among temporal trends across plantation types, and significant relationships between soil respiration, soil water content and soil temperature, suggest that the physical environment largely controlled the temporal variability of soil respiration, but differences in flux magnitude among tree species were substantial and consistent across years.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN BELIEF AND STUDENTS’ LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES AT ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF UNESA

Abstrak Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang dilakukan untuk menginformasikan strategi yang sering digunakan oleh mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Selain itu juga untuk membuktikan ada tidaknya hubungan antara kepercayaan dan strategi belajar bahasa. Subyek penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris yang menempuh kelas Literal Reading pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2015/2016. , Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Data diambil dari survey kuesioner. Kuestioner yang digunakan adalah kuestioner SILL versi 7.0 dan Kuestioner BALLI versi 2.0. Studi ini menyajikan informasi bahwa mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris semester 2 lebih sering menggunakan metacognitive dan affective strategies untuk digunakan dibandingkan dengan strategi yang lainnya. Sedangkan memory strategy adalah strategi yang paling jarang digunakan oleh mahasiswa. Penelitian itu juga memberikan informasi bahwa ada hubungan antara hasil kuesioner BALLI dan SILL sesuai dengan yang tertera dihasil SPSS. Hasil SPSS menunjukkan bahwa p= 0.02 dan r2 =. 410, yang berarti bahwa korelasi antara kuesioner BALLI and SILL adalah siknifikan(p=.002, p>0.05). Dengan begitu, maka efek dari kepercayaan pada strategi belajar mahasiswa pendidikan Bahasa Inggris sangatlah besar (r2=.25 meliki efek yang besar). Keywords: Pembelajaran Bahasa , SILL, Strategi, BALLI, Keyakinan, Kepercayaan Abstract This is a quantitative study which identifies the strategies which have been used by the English Education Students. This study is aimed to approve the relationship between Belief and Language Learning Strategies The subjects of this research are English Education Students who were registered as the students of Literal Reading Class in 2015 in academic year 2015/2016 in Language and Art Faculty of The Stated University of Surabaya, The main data was taken from questionnaire survey. The questionnaires which used are SILL questionnaire version 7.0 and BALLI questionnaire version 2.0. This study provides information about The second semester of Language Education Students used metacognitive and affective strategy more often than others strategies. While, memory strategy was the most infrequently strategy which used by the students. the result provides information that there is a correlation between BALLI and SILL questionnaires based on SPSS result. It displays p=0.02 and r2=. 410, which mean that the correlation between BALLI as a whole and SILL Profile is significant (p=.002, p>0.05). Thus, the effect of Belief to Learning Strategies is large effect (r2=.25 is a large effect). Keywords : Language Learning, SILL, Strategies, BALLI, Belief. Strategies, BALLI, Belief.
Analysis of actigraph parameters for relapse prediction in bipolar disorder: A feasibility study

The paper presents a framework for early identification of prodromal syndromes od mania or depression in bipolar disorder. The framework may mitigate relapses and improve patient functioning. The methodology consists of long-term actigraphy monitoring and simplified self-assessment tool to determine manic or depression events. Eight patients were involved in the feasibility study, spanning period of 150 months, resulting in 17 relapses and 3 hospitalizations in total. We concluded that the most promising parameter extracted from actigraphy recording is a circadian rhythm's interdaily stability. Using developed trend analysis applied on interdaily stability parameter, we achieved sensitivity and specificity about 65, resp. 68. We hypothesized that this performance is both mainly due to missing values in data and due to small amount of relapses.
MULTILINGUALISM AND IMAGES OF THE OTHER: FROM CONFLICT BETWEEN NATIONS TO DIALOGUE OF CIVILIZATIONS

In this era of war of words, multiple language acquisition and cultural awareness can be tools to end misunderstanding and conflicts between civilizations. Language barriers lead to poor communication, and establishing a multilingual society can eradicate misunderstanding stemming from lack of proficiency in one another’s languages and ways of thinking. This study investigates in detail the benefits of multilingualism for civilizational dialogue , and focuses on the importance of utilizing mass media to foster such communication. It addresses the relationship between multilingualism and constructive dialogue, proving that multilingualism is not a “problem” to be “solved. ” Some historical and contemporary examples of the importance of language in civilizational dialogue have been introduced to prove the positive effects of multilingualism. These examples show how mastering more languages might have a positive impact on societies. Also, a total of 159 participants speaking more than one language were administered a questionnaire. The majority of participants agreed that multilingualism promotes civilizational dialogue more than monolingualism does. They agreed that political and religious clashes stem from cultural differences in the understanding of some words. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7220/2335-2027.8. 2
Development and validation of a clinical risk score for predicting drug‐resistant bacterial pneumonia in older Chinese patients

Health care‐associated pneumonia (HCAP) and drug‐resistant bacterial pneumonia may not share identical risk factors. We have shown that bronchiectasis, recent hospitalization and severe pneumonia (confusion, blood urea level, respiratory rate, low blood pressure and 65 year old (CURB‐65) score ≥3) were independent predictors of pneumonia caused by potentially drug‐resistant (PDR) pathogens. This study aimed to develop and validate a clinical risk score for predicting drug‐resistant bacterial pneumonia in older patients.
A Hierarchical Distance-dependent Bayesian Model for Event Coreference Resolution

We present a novel hierarchical distance-dependent Bayesian model for event coreference resolution. While existing generative models for event coreference resolution are completely unsupervised, our model allows for the incorporation of pairwise distances between event mentions — information that is widely used in supervised coreference models to guide the generative clustering processing for better event clustering both within and across documents. We model the distances between event mentions using a feature-rich learnable distance function and encode them as Bayesian priors for nonparametric clustering. Experiments on the ECB+ corpus show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art methods for both within- and cross-document event coreference resolution.
Effects of EP1 receptor on cerebral blood flow in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in mice

The lipid mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) exhibits diverse biologic activity in a variety of tissues. Four PGE2 receptor subtypes (EP1–4) are involved in various physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions, but differ in tissue distribution, ligand‐binding affinity, and coupling to intracellular signaling pathways. To characterize the role of the EP1 receptor, physiologic parameters (mean arterial blood pressure, pH, blood gases PaO2 and PaCO2, and body temperature), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and neuronal cell death were studied in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke in wild‐type (WT) and EP1 knockout (EP1−/−) mice. The right middle cerebral artery was occluded for 60 min, and absolute CBF was measured by [14C] iodoantipyrine autoradiography. The effect of EP1 receptor on oxidative stress in neuronal cultures was investigated. Although no differences were observed in the physiologic parameters, CBF was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in EP1−/− mice than in WT mice, suggesting a role for this receptor in physiologic and pathophysiologic control of vascular tone. Similarly, neuronal cultures derived from EP1−/− mice were more resistant (90.6 ± 5.8% viability) to tert‐butyl hydroperoxide‐induced oxidative stress than neurons from WT mice (39.6 ± 17.2% viability). The EP1 receptor antagonist SC‐51089 and calcium channel blocker verapamil each attenuated the neuronal cell death induced by PGE2. Thus, the prostanoid EP1 receptor plays a significant role in regulating CBF and neuronal cell death. These findings suggest that pharmacologic modulation of the EP1 receptor might be a means to improve CBF and neuronal survival during ischemic stroke. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Influence of Therapist Training and Interpersonal Skills On Client Emotional Experiencing

3 Acknowledgments 5 List of Tables 7 List of Figures 8 Introduction 9 The History of Psychotherapy Research 16 Common Factors Theories 24 Therapist Effects 45 The OUHRS 51 The Current Study: Linking Skill to Process 53 Hypotheses 54 Method 55 Sample 55 Procedure 60 Measures 71 Results 81 Discussion 88 Limitations 115 Conclusion 119 References 121 Appenidix A: Coder Debriefing Responses 138
POLÍTICA Y SUBJETIVIDAD: LA TENSIÓN AUTOGESTIÓN- DELEGACIÓN EN EMPRESAS Y FÁBRICAS RECUPERADAS POLITICS & SUBJECTIVITY: THE SELF-MANAGEMENT / DELEGATION TENSIONS ON BUSINESS AND RECOVERED FACTORIES

This paper is related with UBACyT P052 “Politics and subjectivity: collectives strategys at the head of social vulnerability”. This is an exploratory and descriptive work, with a qualitative methodology for the collecting and anal ysis of the information. Its theoretical frame is designed with multi-referential criterion that articulates ideas of So cial Sciences, Social Psychology, Institutionalist Move ment, Group Theories, Psychoanalysis, Theories of the Discursive Productions and Community Psychology.
Layout Analysis of Tree-Structured Scene Frames in Comic Images

Today, the demand of services for comic contents increases because paper magazines and books are bulky while digital contents can be read anytime and anywhere with cellular phones and PDAs. To convert existing print comic materials into digital format such that they can be read using the cellular phones and the PDAs with small screens, it is necessary to divide each page into scene frames and to determine reading order of the scene frames. The division of comic images into the scene frames can be considered as a type of document layout analysis. We analyzed layout of comic images using density gradient. The method can be applied to comics in which comic balloons or pictures are drawn over scene frames. In this research, a method for detecting the scene frame division in comic images using the density gradient after filling the quadrangle regions in each image with black is proposed. Experimental results show that 80 percent of 672 pages in four print comic booklets are successfully divided into scene frames by the proposed method.
A novel Sry-downstream cellular event which preserves the readily available energy source of glycogen in mouse sex differentiation

Sry is transiently activated in pre-Sertoli cells of the gonadal ridge to initiate testis differentiation in mice. In pre-Sertoli cells, however, the cellular events induced immediately after the onset of Sry expression remain largely unknown. Here we show that testis-specific glycogen accumulation in pre-Sertoli cells is one of the earliest cellular events downstream of Sry action. In developing XY gonads, glycogen accumulation starts to occur in pre-Sertoli cells from around 11.15 dpc (tail somite 14 stage) in a center-to-pole pattern similar to the initial Sry expression profile. Glycogen accumulation was also found in XX male gonads of Sry-transgenic embryos, but not in XX female gonads of wildtype embryos at any developmental stage. In vitro analyses using various culture conditions suggest that testis-specific glycogen deposition is a tissue-autonomous event that can be induced even in serum-free conditions and in a culture of gonadal explants without adjacent mesonephros. Moreover, glycogen accumulation in pre-Sertoli cells was significantly inhibited in vitro by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, but not by the MEK inhibitor PD98059. Active phospho-AKT (PI3K effector) showed a high degree of accumulation in gonadal somatic cells of genital ridges in a testis-specific manner, both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, these findings suggest that immediately after the onset of Sry expression, activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway promotes testis-specific glycogen storage in pre-Sertoli cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is a novel Sry-downstream cellular event which preserves this readily available energy source in Sertoli cells for testis-specific morphogenesis and hormone production.
Input‐output relations in the entorhinal‐hippocampal‐entorhinal loop: Entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus

The pattern of impulse transfer along the entorhinal‐hippocampal‐entorhinal loop has been analyzed in the guinea pig by field potential analysis. The loop was driven by impulse volleys conducted by presubicular commissural fibers, directly stimulated in the dorsal psalterium, which monosynaptically activated perforant path neurons in the medial entorhinal cortex. Perforant path volleys activated in sequence the dentate gyrus, field CA3, field CA1, subiculum, and entorhinal cortex. Input‐output curves were reconstructed from responses simultaneously recorded from different stations along the loop.
Building resilience with the Stress Resilience Training System: Design validation and applications.

BACKGROUND Resilience to stress is critical in today's military service. Past work has shown that experts handle stress in more productive ways compared to novices. Training that specifically addresses stress regulation, such as the Graduated Stress Exposure paradigm, can build individual and unit resilience as well as adaptability so that stressors trigger effective stress coping skills rather than stress injury. OBJECTIVE We developed the Stress Resilience Training System (SRTS), a product of Perceptronics Solutions Inc., to demonstrate that a software training app can provide an effective individualized method for mitigating the negative effects of situational and mission-related stress, at the same time eliciting potentially positive effects on performance. METHODS Seven separate evaluations including a usability study, controlled experiments, and field evaluations have been conducted to date. RESULTS These studies have shown that the SRTS program effectively engages users to manage their stress, effectively reduces stress symptoms, and improves job performance. CONCLUSIONS The SRTS system is a highly effective method for individualized training to inoculate professionals against the negative consequences of stress, while teaching them to harness its positive effects. SRTS is a technology that can be widely applied to many professions that are concerned with well-being. We discuss applications to law enforcement, athletics, personal fitness and healthcare in the Appendix.
Comparison of octopamine‐like immunoreactivity in the brains of the fruit fly and blow fly

A serum raised against conjugated octopamine reveals structurally comparable systems of perikarya and arborizations in protocerebral neuropils of two species of Diptera, Drosophila melanogaster and Phaenicia sericata; the latter is used extensively for electrophysiological studies of the optic lobes and their central projections. Clusters of cell bodies in the brain as well as midline perikarya provide octopamine‐like immunoreactive processes to the optic lobes, circumscribed regions of the protocerebrum and the central complex, particularly the protocerebral bridge, fan‐shaped body, and ellipsoid body. Ventral unpaired median somata provide immunoreactive processes within the subesophageal ganglion and tritocerebrum. Ascending neurites from these cells also supply the antennal lobe glomeruli, regions of the lateral protocerebrum, the mushroom body calyces, and the lobula complex. The mushroom body's γ lobes contain immunoreactive processes that originate from processes that arborize in the protocerebrum. The present observations are discussed with respect to similarities and differences between two species of Diptera, one of which has neurons large enough for intracellular penetrations. The results are also discussed with respect to recent studies on octopamine‐immunoreactive organization in honey bees and cockroaches and the suggested roles of octopamine in sensory processing, learning, and memory. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:460–475, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonrelatives inherit colony resources in a primitive termite

The evolution of eusociality, especially how selection would favor sterility or subfertility of most individuals within a highly social colony, is an unresolved paradox. Eusociality evolved independently in diverse taxa, including insects (all ants and termites; some bees, wasps, thrips, and beetles), snapping shrimp, and naked mole rats. Termites have received comparatively less focus than the haplodiploid Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps); however, they are the only diploid group with highly complex colonies and an extraordinary diversity of castes. In this study we staged encounters between unrelated colonies of primitive dampwood termites, Zootermopsis nevadensis, mimicking natural meetings that occur under bark. During encounters, kings and/or queens were killed and surviving members merged into one colony. After encounters, members of both unrelated colonies cooperated as a single social unit. We determined the colony of origin of replacement reproductives that emerged after death of kings and/or queens. Here, we document that replacement reproductives developed from workers in either or both original colonies, inherited the merged resources of the colony, and sometimes interbred. Because this species shares many characteristics with ancestral termites, these findings demonstrate how ecological factors could have promoted the evolution of eusociality by accelerating and enhancing direct fitness opportunities of helper offspring, rendering relatedness favoring kin selection less critical.
Prevalence of Pervasive Developmental Disorders – Croatia in Comparison with Other Countries of the World

Objective: Overview of global trends in diagnostic criteria for and prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders, and a comparison between Croatia and other countries of the world, as well as an elaboration of possible reasons for the existing differences. Methods: Comparative (meta-) analysis of available scientific and professional literature, and application of the data from the Croatian Disabilities Registry. Results: According to the Report of the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, USA, (CDC), the prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) has been experiencing a continual increase, up to a rate of 6.6 per 1000 at present. Data on persons with PDDs in Croatia are registered in the Croatian Disabilities Registry. However, due to a short history (since 2002), the extent of this potential increase could not be determined. What could be established, though, is that PDD prevalence in the overall population is below 1/1000, while in child population approx. 1/1000. Conclusion: Countries of the world have shown a rising trend in PDD prevalence, which the authors justify to be due to more precise diagnostics and changes in diagnostic criteria. The cause of the difference in the registered PDD prevalences in Croatia and other countries could be explained by a phenomenon called diagnostic substitution occurring in cases when it is impossible to realize certain rights on the basis of given disease diagnosis. This phenomenon had been appearing in the USA before 1990 until which time PDDs, as a diagnosis, could not secure children the right to special education. After the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act was passed in 1990, the prevalence of PDDs grew.
Orbital Doppler Evaluation of Blood Flow Velocities in Optic Neuritis

Purpose To evaluate orbital blood flow velocities and optic nerve diameter with Doppler and gray-scale sonography in patients with acute unilateral optic neuritis (ON). Methods Orbital Doppler and gray-scale sonography was performed in 46 eyes of 23 patients aged 19- to 47-years with acute unilateral ON. ON was diagnosed by an ophthalmologist on the basis of clinical presentation, presence of decreased visual acuity and assessment of visual evoked potentials. The peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV), as well as the resistance index (RI) and pulsatile index (PI) of the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), posterior ciliary arteries (PCAs) and optic nerve diameter were measured in both eyes. We compared results from affected and unaffected eyes using the paired t-test. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was used to assess the diagnosis of ON based on measured blood flow parameters of the OA, CRA and PCAs and optic nerve diameter. Results The mean (standard deviation) optic nerve diameter in eyes with ON was 4.1 (0.8) mm, which was significantly larger than the 3.0 (0.4) mm diameter measured in unaffected control eyes (p < 0.001). There were no differences in average PSV, EDV, RI, or PI of the OA and CRA between affected and unaffected eyes (p > 0.05). The mean RI in the PCAs was slightly lower in the eyes with ON than in the contralateral eyes (0.60 vs. 0.64, p < 0.05). The area under the ROC curves indicated that optic nerve diameter was the best parameter for the diagnosis of ON. Conclusions Optic nerve diameter was related to ON, but orbital blood flow parameters were not.