Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visualization of Eye Tracking Data: A Taxonomy and Survey

This survey provides an introduction into eye tracking visualization with an overview of existing techniques. Eye tracking is important for evaluating user behaviour. Analysing eye tracking data is typically done quantitatively, applying statistical methods. However, in recent years, researchers have been increasingly using qualitative and exploratory analysis methods based on visualization techniques. For this state‐of‐the‐art report, we investigated about 110 research papers presenting visualization techniques for eye tracking data. We classified these visualization techniques and identified two main categories: point‐based methods and methods based on areas of interest. Additionally, we conducted an expert review asking leading eye tracking experts how they apply visualization techniques in their analysis of eye tracking data. Based on the experts' feedback, we identified challenges that have to be tackled in the future so that visualizations will become even more widely applied in eye tracking research.
REPURPOSING OF CONTENT IN MULTI-PLATFORM NEWS PRODUCTION

One of the characteristics of convergence journalism is the prominence of repurposing of content. This article analyses news production processes at the Norwegian public service broadcaster, NRK, through the concepts of genre and adaptation. Convergent, or cross-media, news journalism involves media content travelling across media boundaries. As different media platforms use different sets of sign systems (audio, video, writing, images and graphics), this requires some form of translation or adaptation. This article analyses some examples of audiovisual content that travels across media platforms; mainly from television and radio to the Web, but also between radio and television. News content made for a specific programme on a specific platform, with a characteristic rhetoric, is adapted in part or as a whole to be republished on a different platform with a different rhetoric. In conclusion, the article outlines a typology of different forms of repurposing in cross-media news journalism, expanding on those found in Dailey et al.'s (2003) “convergence continuum”.
Three-dimensional transport and concentration of SF6. A model intercomparison study (TransCom 2)

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) is an excellent tracer of large-scale atmospheric transport, because it has slowly increasing sources mostly confined to northern midlatitudes, and has a lifetime of thousands of years. We have simulated the emissions, transport, and concentration of SF 6 for a 5-year period, and compared the results with atmospheric observations. In addition, we have performed an intercomparison of interhemispheric transport among 11 models to investigate the reasons for the diVerences among the simulations. Most of the models are reasonably successful at simulating the observed meridional gradient of SF 6 in the remote marine boundary layer, though there is less agreement at continental sites. Models that compare well to observations in the remote marine boundary layer tend to systematically overestimate SF 6 at continental locations in source regions, suggesting that vertical trapping rather than meridional transport may be a dominant control on the simulated meridional gradient. The vertical structure of simulated SF 6 in the models supports this interpretation. Some of the models perform quite well in terms of the simulated seasonal cycle at remote locations, while others do not. Interhemispheric exchange time varies by a factor of 2 when estimated from 1-dimensional meridional profiles at the surface, as has been done for observations. The agreement among models is better when the global surface mean mole fraction is used, and better still when the full 3-dimensional mean mixing ratio is used. The ranking of the interhemispheric exchange time among the models is not sensitive to the change from station values to surface means, but is very sensitive to the change from surface means to the full 3-dimensional tracer fields. This strengthens the argument that vertical redistribution dominates over interhemispheric transport in determining the meridional gradient at the surface. Vertically integrated meridional transport in the models is divided roughly equally into transport by the mean motion, the standing eddies, and the transient eddies. The vertically integrated mass flux is a good index of the degree to
Making Meaning of Narratives

Introduction - Ruthellen Josselson In Acknowledgment - June Price A Review and Critique of Qualitative Research Techniques Autobiography and the Value Structures of Ordinary Experience - Paul John Eakin Marianne Gullestad's Everyday Life Philosophers 'Black Holes' as Sites for Self-Constructions - Harriet Bjerrum Nielsen An Interpretive Poetics of Languages of the Unsayable - Annie G Rogers et al Gender, Generation, Anxiety, and the Reproduction of Culture - Wendy Holloway and Tony Jefferson The Recruitment of Women into the Academic Elite in Israel - Beverly Mizrachi Anna's Narrative Powerful Stories - Tineke A Abma The Role of Stories in Sustaining and Transforming Professional Practice within a Mental Hospital Writing as Performance - Barbara Crowther Young Girls' Diaries Ding Ling and Miss Sophie's Diary - Dora Shu-fang Dien A Psychobiographical Study of Adolescent Identity Formation Love Stories in Sexual Autobiographies - Elina Haavio-Mannila and J P Roos
KINETICS AND EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES OF ADSORPTION OF DIRECT RED-28 ONTO PUNICA GRANATUM CARBON

An experimental study has been conducted on the adsorption of Direct red-28 dye using activated carbon prepared from Punica granatum (Pomegranate rind) by chemical activation with sulphuric acid. BET surface area of the activated carbon was determined as 1075.6 m.g and SEM observations showed the amorphous nature of the carbon. Adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics were investigated as a function of initial dye concentration, temperature and pH. First order Lagergren, pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetic models were used to test the adsorption kinetics. Results were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and fractional power isotherm models. Based on regression coefficient, the equilibrium data was found to fit well to the Langmuir equilibrium model than other models. Response surface method using the Box-Behnken design of experiments gives a mathematical model for the adsorption of the dyestuff.
Cybermobbing unter deutschen Schülerinnen und Schülern: Eine repräsentative Studie zu Prävalenz, Folgen und Risikofaktoren

Zusammenfassung Die Forschungsergebnisse zum Thema Cybermobbing sind zum Teil widerspruchlich. Daher wurden in dieser Studie N = 1734 Schulerinnen und Schuler zwischen 14 und 20 Jahren aus dem gesamten Bundesgebiet reprasentativ befragt. Es wurden eine direkte Cybermobbingfrage und mehrere verhaltensnahe Fragen nach negativen Vorfallen im Internet gestellt. Ein Drittel hatte schon Erfahrung mit negativen Vorfallen im Internet gemacht, aber nur 6% bezeichnen sich direkt als Opfer und 8% als Tater von Cybermobbing. Opfer berichten von vielfaltigeren negativen Folgen als Schulerinnen und Schuler, die allein von negativen Vorfallen berichten. Des Weiteren zeigten sich bei beiden Fragearten ahnliche Risikofaktoren dafur, Opfer zu werden. Schlagworter: Cybermobbing, Risikofaktoren, Pravalenz, Auftretenshaufigkeit, Folgen ----- Cyberbullying among German students: A representative survey about prevalence, consequences, and risk factors Abstract Research on cyberbullying has resulted in contradictory findings. We conducted a representative telephone survey of 1734 students between 14 and 20 years from all federal states of Germany. A question about cyberbullying and several behavior-based questions about negative incidents on the Internet were posed. A third of the students have already experienced negative incidents on the Internet, but only 6 percent classified themselves as cyberbullying-victims and only 8 percent as cyberbullies. Victims of cyberbullying reported more diverse negative consequences compared to students having reported other negative incidents. Both types of questions revealed similar risk factors for becoming a victim. Keywords: Cyberbullying, Risk factors, Prevalence, Consequences ----- Bibliographie: Porsch, Torsten/Pieschl, Stephanie: Cybermobbing unter deutschen Schulerinnen und Schulern: Eine reprasentative Studie zu Pravalenz, Folgen und Risikofaktoren, Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung, 1-2014, S. 7-22. https://doi.org/10.3224/diskurs.v9i1. 19080
Competition, innovation and distance to frontier

According to a recent literature, the positive effect of competition is supposed to be growing with the proximity to the technological frontier. Using a variety of indicators, the paper tests the effect of competition and regulation on innovative activity measured by patenting. The sample consists of a panel of 15 industries for 17 OECD countries over the period 1979-2003. Results show no evidence of a positive effect of competition growing with the proximity to the frontier. Two main configurations emerge. First, regulation has a positive effect whatever the distance to the frontier and the magnitude of its impact is higher the closer the industry is to the frontier. Second, the effect of regulation is negative far from the frontier and becomes positive (or non significant) when the technology gap decreases. These results contradict the belief in the innovation-boosting effect of product market deregulation such as taken into account in the Lisbon Strategy.
Ex vivo analysis of acinar and endocrine cell development in the human embryonic pancreas

In contrast to the considerable body of data on pancreas development in rodents, information on pancreas development in humans is scant. We previously described a model in which mature beta cells developed from human embryonic pancreas: human embryonic pancreas was grafted under the kidney capsule of scid mice, beta cells were then seen to develop in the graft. Here, we showed that not only beta cells, but also other endocrine cells, acinar cells and ducts develop in this model. We then used this model to probe the mechanisms underlying acinar and beta cell development in the human embryonic pancreas. BrdU pulse/chase experiments produced evidence of clonal acinar cell development: the first acinar cells to appear proliferated, thereby expanding the acinar cell population. In contrast, beta cell development was regulated by the proliferation of pancreatic progenitor cells, followed by beta‐cell differentiation. We then showed that early progenitors expressing PDX1 proliferated, whereas late endocrine progenitors expressing Ngn3 did not. This proliferative capacity of early endocrine progenitor cells in embryonic human pancreas may hold promise for obtaining human beta‐cell expansion. Developmental Dynamics 234:339–345, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Berberine in Combination with Insulin Has Additive Effects on Titanium Implants Osseointegration in Diabetes Mellitus Rats

This study evaluated the effects of berberine in combination with insulin on early osseointegration of implants in diabetic rats. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: healthy rats were used as control (HC), and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with insulin, berberine, berberine + insulin (IB), or no treatment. Each rat received one machined-surface cp-Ti implant into the right tibia and was given insulin injection and/or gavage feeding with berberine daily for 8 weeks until being sacrificed. Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP) were analyzed in each group. Peri-implant mineral apposition was marked by fluorochrome double-labeling and osseointegration was histomorphologically examined. The ALP and BGP levels decreased in diabetic rats but were successfully corrected by insulin and berberine combined treatment. Moreover, untreated diabetic rats had less labeled mineral apposition and impaired osseointegration. In contrast, Groups I, B, and IB were observed with increased peri-implant bone formation. The combination treatment of insulin and berberine was more effective than each administrated as a monotherapy. These results suggest that berberine combined with insulin could promote osseointegration in diabetic rats, thereby highlighting its potential application to patients, though further studies are needed.
The effects of partner type on condom choice and condom use

South Africa has one of the world's highest rates of HI V infection. Little previous research has focused on the relationship between individuals in different sexual contexts and their attitudes toward condom choice. I tested the hypotheses that (a) implicit and explicit measures of attitudes towards condom choice would show that individuals in casual sexual contexts, compared to those in the context of exclusive sexual relationships, would spontaneously associate more strongly with brand-name condoms over generic condoms, and (b) there would be a positive correlation between explicit and implicit attitudes towards condom choice. Explicit attitudes towards condom choice and condom use were assessed by means of self-report questionnaires. The Implicit Attitudes Test (IAT) was used to measure • the implicit association between condom choice and self-concept. The obtained data disconfirmed the hypothesis that people in casual sexual relationships would more readily associate with brand-name condoms than generic condoms. The hypothesis that there would be a positive correlation between explicit attitudes and implicit attitudes towards condom choice was partially confirmed, however. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the context of HI VIA IDS in South Africa.
Distribution of fluoride and fluorosis in Ethiopia and prospects for control

Summary A review and mapping of fluoride test data for 270 water sources in 126 communities and examination of the literature of fluorosis distribution in Ethiopia show that this health problem extends beyond the Rift Valley into some highland communities. Fluoride concentrations above 5.0 mg/l in the Rift Valley were found mostly in hot springs (100% of all sources), lakes (78%), shallow wells (54%) and boreholes (35%) and the lowest concentrations (below 1.5 mg/l) in springs and rivers. Analysis of hydrochemical, economic and demographic factors in the spatial distribution of high‐fluoride domestic water sources indicates that the fluorosis problem has become more serious in the Rift Valley in recent decades. Considerable spatial variation in the occurrence of fluoride, even within the same communities, and the presence of some low‐fluoride water sources in the Rift Valley offer possibilities for geochemical exploration for acceptable domestic sources. The defluoridation programme in the Wonji irrigation scheme illustrates the problems faced by a large rural community in a developing country. Possibilities for control are examined and recommendations made for the development of alternative water sources and promising defluoridation methods using locally available materials and technologies.
GIS, multi‐criteria and multi‐factor spatial analysis for the probability assessment of the existence of illegal landfills

This work deals with the identification of potentially contaminated areas using remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS) and multi‐criteria spatial analysis. The identification of unknown illegal landfills is a crucial environmental problem in all developed and developing countries, where a large number of illegal waste deposits exist as a result of fast, and relatively unregulated, industrial growth over the past century. The criteria used to perform the spatial analysis are here selected by considering the characteristics which are ‘desirable’ for an illegal waste disposal site, chiefly related to the existence of roads for easy access and to a low population density which facilitates unnoticed dumping of illegal waste materials. A large dataset describing known legal and illegal landfills and the context of their location (population, road network, etc.) was used to perform a spatial statistical analysis to select factors and criteria allowing for the identification of the known waste deposits. The final result is a map describing the likelihood of an illegal waste deposit to be located at any arbitrary location. Such a probability map is then used together with remote sensing techniques to narrow down the set of possibly contaminated sites (Silvestri and Omri, 2008), which are candidates for further analyses and field investigations. The importance of the integration of GIS and remote sensing is highlighted and represents a key instrument for environmental management and for the spatially‐distributed characterization of possible uncontrolled landfill sites.
RUNNING HEAD: MODELING CHOICE, DECISION TIME, AND CONFIDENCE

The three most-often-used performance measures in the cognitive and decision sciences are choice, response or decision time, and confidence. We develop a random walk/diffusion model – the two-stage Dynamic Signal Detection (2DSD) model – that accounts for all three measures using a common underlying process. The model uses a drift diffusion process to account for choice and decision time. To estimate confidence, we assume that evidence continues to accumulate after the choice. Judges then interrupt the process to categorize the accumulated evidence into a confidence rating. The model explains all known interrelationships between the three indices of cognitive performance. Furthermore, the model also accounts for the distributions of each variable in both a perceptual and general knowledge task. Finally, the dynamic nature of the model reveals the moderating effects of time pressure on the accuracy of choice and confidence. More generally, the model specifies the optimal solution for giving the fastest choice and confidence rating for a given level of choice and confidence accuracy. Judges are found to act in a manner consistent with the optimal solution when making confidence judgments.
Supplementary Data for "single-trial Learning of Novel Stimuli by Individual

neurons of the human hippocampus-amygdala complex" Figure S1. Behavioral performance of all subjects. Recognition performance (Old/New) was close to 90% (chance 50%) whereas spatial recollection, in which the subject reports the quadrant in which the images was presented for all images classified as "Old", was 49%. All performance levels are significantly different from chance (p<0.05).
Camera Calibration from Surfaces of Revolution

This paper addresses the problem of calibrating a pinhole camera from images of a surface of revolution. Camera calibration is the process of determining the intrinsic or internal parameters (i.e., aspect ratio, focal length, and principal point) of a camera, and it is important for both motion estimation and metric reconstruction of 3D models. In this paper, a novel and simple calibration technique is introduced, which is based on exploiting the symmetry of images of surfaces of revolution. Traditional techniques for camera calibration involve taking images of some precisely machined calibration pattern (such as a calibration grid). The use of surfaces of revolution, which are commonly found in daily life (e.g., bowls and vases), makes the process easier as a result of the reduced cost and increased accessibility of the calibration objects. In this paper, it is shown that two images of a surface of revolution will provide enough information for determining the aspect ratio, focal length, and principal point of a camera with fixed intrinsic parameters. The algorithms presented in this paper have been implemented and tested with both synthetic and real data. Experimental results show that the camera calibration method presented is both practical and accurate.
Use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors during early pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations: updated analysis

Background: Data on the safety of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in pregnancy are inconsistent. We examined associations between SSRI use during early pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations in infants. Methods: Set in Northern Denmark, our population-based prevalence study included 216,042 women who had a live birth after the 20th week of gestation. We compared the prevalence of malformation in infants born to women who redeemed at least one SSRI prescription during early pregnancy with the prevalence in infants born to women who redeemed no SSRI prescriptions during their pregnancies. Drug use data were extracted from prescription databases, while data on congenital malformations were obtained from the National Registry of Patients. Results: The 2,062 women with SSRI prescriptions during early pregnancy gave birth to 105 (5.1%) infants with malformations, while the 213,712 women with no SSRI prescriptions gave birth to 7,449 (3.5%) infants with malformations. SSRI use was associated with an increased risk of malformations overall (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–1.6) and cardiac malformations (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1–2.5). For specific SSRIs, we found an increased risk for septal defects associated with sertraline. Conclusions: We found little overall association between use of SSRIs during pregnancy and congenital malformations, but our findings suggest an association between maternal SSRI use in early pregnancy and cardiac malformations which could be causal.
Exploring the impact of traumatic brain injury on moral reasoning and how this relates to executive functioning, empathy and emotion-based decision making.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to cognitive, behaviour, and social functioning difficulties. It has also been associated with offending behaviour. The common area of damage is to the fronto-temporal brain regions (Salmond et al, 2006). These are considered important for moral reasoning. Moral reasoning is believed to be important for upholding social function and preventing delinquent behaviour (Gibbs, 2010). It is suggested that TBI may disrupt moral reasoning and contribute to social and behaviour deficits (Anderson & Catroppa, 2006). Studies to date have indicated that there are greater difficulties in moral reasoning following a childhood TBI than adulthood TBI. Studies have been small and have not examined the impact of childhood TBI in early adulthood. Fewer studies have explored the neurocognitive processes underpinning moral reasoning. This study compared moral reasoning, measured by the Sociomoral Reflection Measure - Short Form (SRM-SF, Gibbs, Basinger & Fuller, 1992) in a group of 20 survivors of TBI aged between 17 and 25 years and a group of 34 healthy individuals. It also explored the relationships between moral reasoning and executive functions, cognitive flexibility, inhibition; empathy and emotion-based decision making. The healthy comparison group demonstrated significantly higher moral reasoning. This was maintained when the groups were matched on age, sex, socioeconomic status and when intellectual functioning was controlled. The study revealed significant relationships between moral reasoning and cognitive flexibility, inhibition, executive function difficulties and empathy in the healthy comparison group. Only one significant correlation was revealed in the TBI group; between cognitive flexibility and moral reasoning. This was attributed to insufficient power to detect other significant findings. The study concluded that TBI sustained during childhood does disrupt moral development. It also indicated that executive function processes and empathy may be involved iii in moral reasoning. These findings were considered in relation to theories of moral reasoning, brain development and methodological rigour. Further research is suggested.