Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Newborn's Preference for Faces

Four experiments were aimed at elucidating some aspects of the preference for facelike patterns in newborns. Experiment 1 showed a preference for a stimulus whose components were located in the correct arrangement for a human face. Experiment 2 showed a preference for stimuli that had optimal sensory properties for the newborn visual system. Experiment 3 showed that babies directed their attention to a facelike pattern even when it was presented simultaneously with a non-facelike stimulus with optimal sensory properties. Experiment 4 showed the preference for facelike patterns in the temporal hemifield but not in the nasal hemifield. It was concluded that newborns' preference for facelike patterns reflects the activity of a subcortical system which is sensitive to the structural properties of the stimulus.
Faith Development in the Adult Life Cycle

SUMMARY The FaiTh Development in the Adult Life Cycle Project, completed in 1987, studied the relationship between the aging process and faith development. It is not limited to older adults, but addresses issues of faith development throughout the entire aging cycle. A telephone sample of 1000+ persons was surveyed by the Gallup Organization, supplemented by in-depth interviews with 41 persons. The data were analyzed in the context of seven hypotheses related to the topic. Among the findings were: faith development is not significantly related to age; it does not differ qualitatively by sex, although men's and women's approaches to faith development are subtly different; and there is a positive correlation between psycho-social health and faith development.
Work–Life Imbalance as a Moderator in the Relationship Between Resources and Work Engagement

This study examines the interplay between (a) job resources, (b) personal resources (organizational-based self-esteem, self-efficacy), and personality traits (conscientiousness, extraversion, and emotional stability), (c) a specific job demand (work–life imbalance), and (d) work engagement, in line with the alternative JD-R model proposed by Bakker (2011). Data was collected from 223 Romanian employees. Results show that work–life imbalance (WLI) undermines the positive relationship between self-efficacy and work engagement. In a three-way Job resources × Personal resources × Job demands interaction, self-efficacy and job resources had a positive relationship with work engagement when work–life imbalance was low. Also, in a three-way Job resources × Personality × Job demands interaction, the association between emotional stability and job resources was positive when work–life imbalance was low.
The Case of Molly L.

The present case study illustrates how a family cognitive-behavioral therapy (FCBT) was used to treat a 9-year-old girl diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder and agoraphobia without panic. The first half of treatment focused on teaching specific coping skills, whereas the second half consisted of exposure tasks that provided opportunities for Molly to practice what she had learned. The therapy also addressed issues of family communication and emotional expression. Through flexible application of the manual, the therapist helped Molly's parents recognize how their expectations affected their daughter's behavior and helped Molly with her own self-image and expectations for coping. Following treatment, Molly and her parents reported that her anxiety had decreased and that her coping skills had improved. Overall, this case illustrates the successful application of FCBT and highlights the importance of applying a treatment manual flexibly to address client needs.
The Use of the Isometric Squat as a Measure of Strength and Explosiveness

Abstract Bazyler, CD, Beckham, GK, and Sato, K. The use of the isometric squat as a measure of strength and explosiveness. J Strength Cond Res 29(5): 1386–1392, 2015—The isometric squat has been used to detect changes in kinetic variables as a result of training; however, controversy exists in its application to dynamic multijoint tasks. Thus, the purpose of this study was to further examine the relationship between isometric squat kinetic variables and isoinertial strength measures. Subjects (17 men, 1-repetition maximum [1RM]: 148.2 ± 23.4 kg) performed squats 2 d·wk−1 for 12 weeks and were tested on 1RM squat, 1RM partial squat, and isometric squat at 90° and 120° of knee flexion. Test-retest reliability was very good for all isometric measures (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.90); however, rate of force development 250 milliseconds at 90° and 120° seemed to have a higher systematic error (relative technical error of measurement = 8.12%, 9.44%). Pearson product-moment correlations indicated strong relationships between isometric peak force at 90° (IPF 90°) and 1RM squat (r = 0.86), and IPF 120° and 1RM partial squat (r = 0.79). Impulse 250 milliseconds (IMP) at 90° and 120° exhibited moderate to strong correlations with 1RM squat (r = 0.70, 0.58) and partial squat (r = 0.73, 0.62), respectively. Rate of force development at 90° and 120° exhibited weak to moderate correlations with 1RM squat (r = 0.55, 0.43) and partial squat (r = 0.32, 0.42), respectively. These findings demonstrate a degree of joint angle specificity to dynamic tasks for rapid and peak isometric force production. In conclusion, an isometric squat performed at 90° and 120° is a reliable testing measure that can provide a strong indication of changes in strength and explosiveness during training.
Representing syllable information during silent reading: Evidence from eye movements

Two eye movement experiments investigated the nature of the phonological representations used in reading English. Each tested whether sublexical, syllable information is part of that representation. Target words with CV-initial syllables (DE.MAND) or CVC-initial syllables (LAN.TERN) were preceded by primes that exactly matched or mismatched their initial syllable. In Experiment 1, the primes were presented foveally using a fast-priming technique. Target words of both types were read faster when preceded by a three-letter than a two-letter prime, and no effect of matching syllable information was observed. In Experiment 2, primes were presented parafoveally using a preview technique. First fixation durations were shorter on words which were preceded by a matching syllable preview than a mismatching preview. These results indicate that proficient readers do process sublexical, syllable information while reading, which provides evidence for a multi-layered phonological representation. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 suggest that syllable information is encoded as part of the memory processes that preserve information across saccades.
The Impact of International Financial Reporting Standards on Taxation

Accounting is shaped by economic and political forces. It follows that increased worldwide integration of both markets and politics (driven by reductions in communications and information processing costs) makes increased integration of financial reporting standards and practice almost inevitable. The connection between tax and accounting is a complex topic with many dimensions. One explanation for this is changes within accounting on the international level. This creates a challenge for tax law and a need to revisit the theoretical and practical foundations for the use of accounting as a starting point for taxation of companies. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is a standard format of financial reporting that is gaining momentum worldwide and is a single consistent accounting framework and is likely to become predominant Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (GAAP) in times to come. The aim of this study is to research International literature to gain an insight into the basis and form of divergence between accounting transactions and taxation accounting in relation to International Financial Reporting Standards.
Distributive Justice, Equity, and Equality

This chapter provides a general review of the research conducted over the past two decades on individuals’ conceptions of equity and distributive justice and their reactions to inequity. Various theoretical formulations are identified and important topics for further theoretical development and empirical investigation are discussed. In conclusion, the authors suggest that micro-level concepts of distributive justice have certain limitations. Consideration of more macrolevel concepts suggests possibilities for integrating equity and distributive justice theories with sociological theories of power, conflict, and collective action. This integration, if achieved, would bring notions of justice to the forefront in the analysis of social change.
Pregnancy in women with perinatally acquired HIV-infection: Outcomes and challenges

This is a retrospective comparison of pregnant women with perinatally acquired HIV-infection (PAH) with a cohort of pregnant women with behaviorally acquired HIV-infection (BAH). PAH cases (11 women) included all pregnant adolescents followed at our HIV clinic from January 2000 to January 2009. BAH cases (27 women) were randomly selected from all deliveries within the study period at the same institution. Demographics, mode of delivery, CD4+ counts, and viral loads (VLs) before, during, and six months postpartum, as well as neonatal outcomes, were reviewed. CD4 counts were significantly lower in the PAH group. VLs were statistically higher in the PAH group. VLs were undetectable at delivery in 60% of the PAH group compared with 88% of the BAH group. No cases of vertical transmission occurred. PAH women may be at a higher risk for HIV-related disease progression. This may increase vertical transmission risks. Further studies and interventions with this growing population are warranted.
A comparison of community pharmacy methadone services between Dublin and Glasgow: (1) Extent of service provision in 1997/1998 and views of pharmacists on existing provision and future service developments

Objectives: To determine the extent of pharmacists' participation in methadone services, type of services provided, views on current service provision and suggestions for future service developments. Methods and setting: An anonymous postal questionnaire was distributed to all community pharmacies in the greater Dublin area (n=291) and in Glasgow (n=200), excluding 12 pharmacies in each city that had participated in the pilot study. Key findings: The response rates were 50% (146/291) and 56% (112/200) for Dublin and Glasgow respectively. Participation in methadone services was considerably higher in Glasgow (80%, 90/112, of respondents) than in Dublin (38%, 55/146) and the number of patients per pharmacy was higher. A majority of pharmacists participating in methadone services (76% in Dublin, 92% in Glasgow) felt they had a professional responsibility to provide such services. In both cities the most common grounds for lack of service provision were business reasons, including risk to staff or property and theft. Current non‐participants identified increased demand for the service and improved security measures as two factors that may encourage their participation in the future. Conclusion: Pharmacists in Dublin and Glasgow differed significantly in the extent and types of services provided. This may be because a structured scheme was in place in Glasgow but not in Dublin at the time of the study. Despite these differences in service provision, views were very similar in both cities.
A Hypothetico-Deductive Approach to Assessing the Social Function of Chemical Signalling in a Non-Territorial Solitary Carnivore

The function of chemical signalling in non-territorial solitary carnivores is still relatively unclear. Studies on territorial solitary and social carnivores have highlighted odour capability and utility, however the social function of chemical signalling in wild carnivore populations operating dominance hierarchy social systems has received little attention. We monitored scent marking and investigatory behaviour of wild brown bears Ursus arctos, to test multiple hypotheses relating to the social function of chemical signalling. Camera traps were stationed facing bear ‘marking trees’ to document behaviour by different age sex classes in different seasons. We found evidence to support the hypothesis that adult males utilise chemical signalling to communicate dominance to other males throughout the non-denning period. Adult females did not appear to utilise marking trees to advertise oestrous state during the breeding season. The function of marking by subadult bears is somewhat unclear, but may be related to the behaviour of adult males. Subadults investigated trees more often than they scent marked during the breeding season, which could be a result of an increased risk from adult males. Females with young showed an increase in marking and investigation of trees outside of the breeding season. We propose the hypothesis that females engage their dependent young with marking trees from a young age, at a relatively ‘safe’ time of year. Memory, experience, and learning at a young age, may all contribute towards odour capabilities in adult bears.
Default Prediction of Alternative Structural Credit Risk Models and Implications of Default Boundaries

While most of the empirical studies of structural credit risk models try to test the performance of structural models in bond and credit derivatives pricing, little results are provided for default prediction. Therefore, in this study, we empirically compare four structural credit risk models – for their default prediction capabilities. Our empirical results indicate that exogenous default boundaries, flat or exponential, are not crucial in default prediction. In contrast, modeling endogenous boundary has significant improvement in long term prediction for non-financial firms. However, we should note that the performance of the Leland model compared to the Merton model is weakened as the default prediction horizon shortened.
Attitudes Toward Mental Disorders

Mental disorders are often associated with social stigmas and lead to discrimination. The aim of the current study is to collect information to minimize stigma toward mental illnesses. There were 114 participants in study one (76% females), all of whom were introductory psychology students. Participants watched interviews of individuals with mental disorders, and then rated them on the Social Distance Scale, Social Attribution Scale, and Attitudes and Social Willingness Scale. Participants with firsthand experience of mental illnesses rated individuals with more acceptance than their counterparts. Results indicate amount of stigma toward individuals vary depending on diagnosis. There were 74 participants in study two (70% females). Study two expanded on study one by adding the Modern Racism Scale and an anti-stigma video. These variables were not related to stigma ratings.
Robust descriptors for 3D point clouds using Geometric and Photometric Local Feature

The robust perception of robots is strongly needed to handle various objects skillfully. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to recognize objects and estimate their 6-DOF pose using 3D feature descriptors, called Geometric and Photometric Local Feature (GPLF). The proposed descriptors use both the geometric and photometric information of 3D point clouds from RGB-D camera and integrate those information into efficient descriptors. GPLF shows robust discriminative performance regardless of characteristics such as shapes or appearances of objects in cluttered scenes. The experimental results show how well the proposed approach classifies and identify objects. The performance of pose estimation is robust and stable enough for the robot to manipulate objects. We also compare the proposed approach with previous approaches that use partial information of objects with a representative large-scale RGB-D object dataset.
Direct magnetic separation of immune cells from whole blood using bacterial magnetic particles displaying protein G

Direct separation of target cells from mixed population, such as peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, and bone marrow, is an essential technique for various therapeutic or diagnosis applications. In this study, novel particles were fabricated, and direct magnetic separation of immune cells from whole blood using such particles was performed. The magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB‐1 synthesizes intracellular bacterial magnetic particles (BacMPs), and protein G was expressed on the surface of the BacMPs by gene fusion techniques with anchor proteins isolated from BacMP membrane. The BacMPs displaying protein G (protein G‐BacMPs) had high binding capabilities to a wide range of antibody types, and various versions of protein G‐BacMPs binding with different anti‐CD monoclonal antibodies were constructed. Consequently, direct magnetic separation of immune cells from whole blood using protein G‐BacMPs binding with anti‐CD monoclonal antibodies was demonstrated. B lymphocytes (CD19+ cells) or T lymphocytes (CD3+ cells), which represent less than 0.05% in whole blood cells, were successfully separated at a purity level of more than 96%. This level was superior to that from previous reports using other magnetic separation approaches. The results of this study demonstrate the utility of protein G‐BacMP and this particle may become a powerful tool for various therapeutic or diagnosis applications. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2009
Do Economic Crises Lead to Health and Nutrition Behavior Responses? Analysis Using Longitudinal Data from Russia

Using longitudinal data on more than 2,000 Russian families spanning the period between 2007 and 2010, this paper estimates the impact of the 2009 global financial crisis on food expenditures, health care expenditures, and doctor visits in Russia. The primary estimation strategy adopted is the semi-parametric difference-in-difference with propensity score matching technique. The analysis finds that household health and nutritional behavior indicators do not vary statistically between households that were crisis-affected and households that were not affected by the crisis. However, the analysis finds that crisis-affected poor families curtailed their out-of-pocket health expenditures during and after the crisis more than poor families that were not affected by the crisis did. In addition, crisis-affected vulnerable groups changed their health behavior. In particular, households with low educational attainment of household heads and households with more elderly people changed their health and nutrition behavior response when affected by the crisis. The results are invariant to the propensity score matching techniques and parametric fixed effects estimation models.
Bovine colostrum promotes growth and migration of the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line

Bovine colostrum represents a rich source of growth factors, which are known to play a central role in wound healing. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible mitogenic and motogenic effects induced by colostrum on human keratinocytes. Cell proliferation evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide test and 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation revealed that colostrum exerts a growth promoting activity. Scratch assay and immunofluorescence of actin cytoskeleton showed its effectiveness also in inducing cell migration. Furthermore, colostrum treatment increases the levels of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins and the activated forms of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 and such effects appear to be repressed by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. Our results indicate that the biological activities of colostrum are specifically mediated by the growth factor-induced activation of tyrosine kinase receptors and underline the relevance of the synergistic action exerted by the growth factors in stimulating keratinocyte proliferation and migration essential for tissue repair.
The oldest platylepadid turtle barnacle (Cirripedia, Coronuloidea): a new species of Platylepas from the Lower Pleistocene of Italy

Coronuloid barnacles are epibionts of several marine vertebrates (including cetaceans and sea turtles) as well as invertebrates, and are assigned to two families of turtle barnacles (Chelonibiidae Pilsbry, 1916 and Platylepadidae Newman & Ross, 1976) and one family of whale barnacles (Coronulidae Leach, 1817). Chelonibiids and coronulids have a scanty, albeit significant fossil record extending back to the Eocene and Pliocene, respectively; in turn, the fossil record of platylepadids is limited to a single record from the Upper Pleistocene. Here we report on an isolated carinolateral compartment of Platylepas Gray, 1825, the type genus of the family, from Lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) epibathyal deposits exposed at Milazzo (Sicily, Italy). This specimen is here designated holotype of a new species, †Platylepas mediterranea sp. nov. We argue that, like most extant members of Platylepas, †P. mediterranea sp. nov. lived partially embedded in the skin of a sea turtle. This record of an extinct platylepadid – the first from the Mediterranean region and the second worldwide – pushes back the fossil record of Platylepadidae to the lowermost Quaternary, thus possibly supporting an even earlier (e.g., Neogene) timing for the origin of this family and adding a new chapter to the evolutionary history of one of the most diverse and successful lineages of epizoic crustaceans.
Too Long; Didn't Watch! Extracting Relevant Fragments from Software Development Video Tutorials

When knowledgeable colleagues are not available, developers resort to offline and online resources, e.g., tutorials, mailing lists, and Q&A websites. These, however, need to be found, read, and understood, which takes its toll in terms of time and mental energy. A more immediate and accessible resource are video tutorials found on the web, which in recent years have seen a steep increase in popularity. Nonetheless, videos are an intrinsically noisy data source, and finding the right piece of information might be even more cumbersome than using the previously mentioned resources. We present CodeTube, an approach which mines video tutorials found on the web, and enables developers to query their contents. The video tutorials are split into coherent fragments, to return only fragments related to the query. These are complemented with information from additional sources, such as Stack Overflow discussions. The results of two studies to assess CodeTube indicate that video tutorials—if appropriately processed—represent a useful, yet still under-utilized source of information for software development.
Set Systems with No Singleton Intersection

Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a $k$-uniform set system defined on a ground set of size $n$ with no singleton intersection; i.e., no pair $A,B\in\mathcal{F}$ has $|A\cap B|=1$. Frankl showed that $|\mathcal{F}|\leq\binom{n-2}{k-2}$ for $k\geq4$ and $n$ sufficiently large, confirming a conjecture of Erdods and So´s. We determine the maximum size of $\mathcal{F}$ for $k=4$ and all $n$, and also establish a stability result for general $k$, showing that any $\mathcal{F}$ with size asymptotic to that of the best construction must be structurally similar to it.