Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis

Background. Angiographic progression of coronary atherosclerosis is frequently observed in clinical practice and is used as an end point in clinical trials; however, its prognostic significance is unclear. Methods and Results. Progression defined as an increase in diameter stenosis by ≥15% of at least one coronary lesion was seen in 141 (42%) of 335 patients who underwent repeat coronary arteriography after a 2‐year interval as part of clinical trial. Coronary lesions were measured quantitatively from comparable end‐diastolic frames selected by a radiologist viewing each pair of films together. During a mean follow‐up of 44±10 months after the second arteriogram, cardiac death occurred in 19 patients (5.7%), cardiac death or nonfatal infarction was seen in 40 cases (11.9%), and 90 patients (26.9%) underwent coronary revascularization. At least one end point event occurred in 112 of the 335 patients. Sixteen of the 19 cardiac deaths were in progressors, a relative risk of 7.3 (95% CI, 2.2‐24.7; p<0.001). The relative risk of cardiac death or nonfatal infarction for progressors was 2.3 (1.3‐4.2, p=0.009) and of any cardiac event was 1.7 (1.3‐2.3, p<0.001). A stepwise multivariable Cox regression model of time to event was used to assess the relative contribution of progression as a predictor of coronary events. Low ejection fraction (p=0.001), progression (p=0.001), and hypertension (p=0.011) were retained as predictors of cardiac death. Angina and the number of diseased vessels were the strongest predictors of revascularization. Conclusions. Coronary progression is a strong, independent predictor of future coronary events, particularly cardiac death, and its use as a surrogate end point in clinical trials is justified. (Circulation 1993;87:1067‐1075)
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae Binding to Porcine Colonic Mucins Differs between Individuals and Is Increased to Mucins from Infected Pigs with De Novo Muc5ac Synthesis Running Title: B. Hyodysenteriae Binding to Porcine Colonic Mucins

25 Brachyspira hyodysenteriae colonizes the pig colon resulting in mucohemorrhagic diarrhea and 26 growth retardation. Fecal mucus is a characteristic feature of swine dysentery; therefore we 27 investigated how the mucin environment changes in the colon during infection with B. 28 hyodysenteriae, and how these changes affect this bacterium's interaction with mucins. We 29 isolated and characterized mucins, the main component of mucus, from the colon of 30 experimentally inoculated and control pigs, and investigated B. hyodysenteriae binding to these 31 mucins. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a massive mucus induction and disorganized mucus 32 structure in the colon of pigs with swine dysentery. qPCR and antibody detection demonstrated 33 that the mucus composition of pigs with swine dysentery was characterized by de novo 34 expression of MUC5AC and increased expression of MUC2 in the colon. Mucins from colon of 35 inoculated and control pigs were isolated by two-steps of isopycnic density-gradient 36 centrifugation. The mucin density was similar between control and inoculated pigs, whereas the 37 mucin quantity was five-fold higher during infection. B. hyodysenteriae bound to mucins in a 38 manner that differed between pigs and there was increased binding to soluble mucins isolated 39 from pigs with swine dysentery. The B. hyodysenteriae binding ability, in relation to the total 40 mucin content of mucus from sick vs. healthy pigs, increased seven-fold during infection. 41 Together, the results indicate that B. hyodysenteriae binds to carbohydrate structures on the 42 mucins, as these differ between individuals. Furthermore, B. hyodysenteriae infection induces 43 changes to the mucus niche, which substantially increases the amount of B. hyodysenteriae 44 binding sites in the mucus.
When Do Nonlinear Filters Achieve Maximal Accuracy?

The nonlinear filter for an ergodic signal observed in white noise is said to achieve maximal accuracy if the stationary filtering error vanishes as the signal to noise ratio diverges. We give a general characterization of the maximal accuracy property in terms of various systems theoretic notions. When the signal state space is a finite set explicit necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained, while the linear Gaussian case reduces to a classic result of Kwakernaak and Sivan [IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, AC-17 (1972), pp. 79-86].
Measurement of the Specific Absorption Rate using a single electric field sensor

The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is usually measured using electric field probes based on dipole antennas, loaded with radio frequency (RF) detector diodes and connected to differential amplifiers through high-impedance transmission lines. The most common configuration consists of three mutually orthogonal electric short dipole antennas, loaded with a fast switching detector, providing broadband characteristics. In this work, we describe the measurement of the SAR with a sensor based on a single dipole antenna. It is shown that this reduces the complexity of the system without compromising the accuracy and frequency response. The probe is tested by measuring the SAR for a dual-band Planar Inverted-F antenna.
Evaluation of dietary quality of adolescents using Healthy Eating Index

The aim of this study was to use the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) to assess diet quality and determine the relationship between the HEI-2005 and the energy and nutrient intakes of adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,104 healthy adolescents, mean age of 15.8 ± 1.24 years. Dietary intake was measured with the 24-hour dietary recall method, and dietary quality was assessed by means of the HEI-2005. Diet quality scores ranged from 23.7 to 77.5. The mean score was found to be 51.5 ± 9.07 according to the HEI-2005. There were no differences according to gender; 42.8% had a poor diet and 57.2% had a diet that needs improvement. No subjects had a "good diet". Lower mean subgroup scores were found for whole grains, total vegetables, total fruits, dairy products, and meat and beans. Fruits and vegetables scores were significantly high in girls, whereas sodium, oil, and meat and beans scores were significantly high in boys. Total HEI-2005 scores were increasingly associated with parental education level when age and gender were adjusted. There was a negative correlation between HEI-2005 scores and age, total energy intake, and fat intake. Positive correlation was only observed in the HEI-2005 scores for protein and dietary fibre intakes. Consequently, the overall diet quality and nutritional habits of Turkish adolescents need modification and improvement. In the family, measures should be initiated by the government, including advertisements and campaigns.
Whip Rule Breaches in a Major Australian Racing Jurisdiction: Welfare and Regulatory Implications

Simple Summary An evidence-based analysis of whip rule breaches in horse racing is needed to address community expectations that racehorses are treated humanely. The study provides the first peer-reviewed characterisation of whip rule breaches and their regulatory outcomes in horseracing, and considers the relationship between rules affecting racing integrity and the welfare of racehorses in a major Australian racing jurisdiction. Abstract Whip use in horseracing is increasingly being questioned on ethical, animal welfare, social sustainability, and legal grounds. Despite this, there is weak evidence for whip use and its regulation by Stewards in Australia. To help address this, we characterised whip rule breaches recorded by Stewards using Stewards Reports and Race Diaries from 2013 and 2016 in New South Wales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). There were more recorded breaches at Metropolitan (M) than Country (C) or Provincial (P) locations, and by riders of horses that finished first, second, or third than by riders of horses that finished in other positions. The most commonly recorded breaches were forehand whip use on more than five occasions before the 100-metre (m) mark (44%), and whip use that raises the jockey’s arm above shoulder height (24%). It is recommended that racing compliance data be analysed annually to inform the evidence-base for policy, education, and regulatory change, and ensure the welfare of racehorses and racing integrity.
Flavopiridol Enhances Tumor Cell Apoptosis by 34 Suppression of Survivin Phosphorylation on Thr Updated

Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene family that is expressed in most human cancers and may facilitate evasion from apoptosis and aberrant mitotic progression. Here, exposure of breast carcinoma MCF-7 or cervical carcinoma HeLa cells to anticancer agents, including Adriamycin, Taxol, or UVB resulted in a 4–5-fold increased survivin expression. Changes in survivin levels after anticancer treatment did not involve modulation of survivin mRNA expression and were independent of de novo gene transcription. Conversely, inhibition of survivin phosphorylation on Thr by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol resulted in loss of survivin expression, and nonphosphorylatable survivin Thr3Ala exhibited accelerated clearance as compared with wild-type survivin. Sequential ablation of survivin phosphorylation on Thr enhanced tumor cell apoptosis induced by anticancer agents independently of p53 and suppressed tumor growth without toxicity in a breast cancer xenograft model in vivo. These data suggest that Thr phosphorylation critically regulates survivin levels in tumor cells and that sequential ablation of p34 kinase activity may remove the survivin viability checkpoint and enhance apoptosis in tumor cells.
Mining Summaries of Propagations

Analyzing the traces left by a meme of information propagating through a social network or by a user browsing a website can help to unveil the structure and dynamics of such complex networks. This may in turn open the door to concrete applications, such as finding influential users for a topic in a social network, or detecting the typical structure of a web browsing session that leads to a product purchase. In this paper we define the problem of mining summaries of propagations as a constrained pattern-mining problem. A propagation is a DAG where an entity (e.g., information exchanged in a social network, or a user browsing a website) flows following the underlying hierarchical structure of the nodes. A summary is a set of propagations that (i) involve a similar population of nodes, and (ii) exhibit a coherent hierarchical structure when merged altogether to form a single graph. The first constraint is defined based on the Jaccard coefficient, while the definition of the second one relies on the graph-theoretic concept of "agony" of a graph. It turns out that both constraints satisfy the downward closure property, thus enabling Apriori-like algorithms. However, motivated by the fact that computing agony is much more expensive than computing Jaccard, we devise two algorithms that explore the search space differently. The first algorithm is an Apriori-like, bottom-up method that checks both the constraints level-by-level. The second algorithm consists of a first phase where the search space is pruned as much as possible by exploiting the Jaccard constraint only, while involving the second constraint only afterwards, in a subsequent phase. We test our algorithms on four real-world datasets. Quantitative results reveal that the choice of the most efficient algorithm depends on the selectivity of the two constraints. Qualitative results show the relevance of the extracted summaries in a number of real-world scenarios.
An integrated analysis of the extended hippocampal system across species

The objective of this thesis was to investigate functional differences within the extended hippocampal system by 1. analysing its connectional topography and 2. looking at evidence for differential functions within its component structures. The main areas under examination were A. the subiculum and B. its diencephalic targets, along with C. the fornix, the principle white matter tract connecting these structures. Retrograde tracer experiments in rodents and primates revealed consistent topographies in the subiculum projections to these diencephalic target sites, with distinctions occurring primarily along the proximal-distal and laminar subicular axes in rodents and primarily along the anterior-posterior and laminar subicular axes in primates. Based on different input patterns to the proximal subiculum (principally from sites processing object information) and distal subiculum (principally from sites processing spatial/context information) it was predicted that this proximal-distal axis would show functional activation differences in rodents for matched object:spatial tasks. Immediate early gene imaging (using zif268 expression) did not, however, reveal clear-cut gradient differences, although there were indications of the expected bias to object memory in the proximal subiculum. Diffusion MRI was used to study the fornix by separating its precommissural and postcommissural connections in a healthy older and cognitively impaired human population. Reliable topographic differences were found for the precommissural and postcommissural fornix in each group but cognitive function proved difficult to differentiate between the tracts for the tasks used. Lastly, fornix reconstructions were also found to be separable according to their links with either the anterior or posterior hippocampus in a healthy population. These distinctions provide another way of studying the fornix in terms of relating different functional properties with different sets of hippocampal connections. It is assumed that different populations of fornical fibres should underlie different aspects of memory/ cognitive tasks involving the fornix, making their segregation informative in future studies researching this tract. detailing the nature of the connections within the extended hippocampal system, this thesis lays the groundwork for future studies investigating the relative roles of its component structures in cognitive function
Collision between chemically driven self-propelled drops

We use analytical and numerical approaches to investigate head-on collisions between two self-propelled drops described as a phase separated binary mixture. Each drop is driven by chemical reactions that isotropically produce or consume the concentration of a third chemical component, which affects the surface tension of the drop. The isotropic distribution of the concentration field is destabilized by motion of the drop, which is created by the Marangoni flow from the concentration-dependent surface tension. This symmetry-breaking self-propulsion is distinct from other self-propulsion mechanisms due to its intrinsic polarity of squirmers and self-phoretic motion; there is a bifurcation point below which the drop is stationary and above which it moves spontaneously. When two drops are moving in the opposite direction along the same axis, their interactions arise from hydrodynamics and concentration overlap. We found that two drops exhibit either an elastic collision or fusion, depending on the distance from their bifurcation point, which may be controlled, for example, by viscosity. An elastic collision occurs when there is a balance between dissipation and the injection of energy by chemical reactions. We derive the reduced equations for the collision between two drops and analyse the contributions from the two interactions. The concentration-mediated interaction is found to dominate the hydrodynamic interaction for a head-on collision.
Null Hypothesis Significance Testing, p-values, Effects Sizes and Confidence Intervals

There has been controversy over Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) since the first quarter of the 20th century and misconceptions about it still abound. The first section of this paper briefly discusses some of the problems and limitations of NHST. Overwhelmingly, the ‘holy grail’ of researchers has been to obtain significant p-values. In 1999 the American Psychological Association (APA) recommended that if NHST was used in data analysis, then researchers should report effect sizes (ESs) and their confident intervals (CIs) as well as p-values. The APA recommendations are summarised in the next section of the paper. But as neuropsychological rehabilitation clinicians, the primary interest is (or should be) to determine whether or not the effect of an intervention is clinically important, not just statistically significant. In this context, ESs and their CIs provide information relevant to clinicians. The next section of the paper reviews common ESs and worked out examples are provided for the calculation of three commonly used ES (Cohen's d , Hedge's g and Glass’ delta). Web-based resources for calculating other ESs and their CIs are also reviewed.
Falstatin, a Cysteine Protease Inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum, Facilitates Erythrocyte Invasion

Erythrocytic malaria parasites utilize proteases for a number of cellular processes, including hydrolysis of hemoglobin, rupture of erythrocytes by mature schizonts, and subsequent invasion of erythrocytes by free merozoites. However, mechanisms used by malaria parasites to control protease activity have not been established. We report here the identification of an endogenous cysteine protease inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum, falstatin, based on modest homology with the Trypanosoma cruzi cysteine protease inhibitor chagasin. Falstatin, expressed in Escherichia coli, was a potent reversible inhibitor of the P. falciparum cysteine proteases falcipain-2 and falcipain-3, as well as other parasite- and nonparasite-derived cysteine proteases, but it was a relatively weak inhibitor of the P. falciparum cysteine proteases falcipain-1 and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase 1. Falstatin is present in schizonts, merozoites, and rings, but not in trophozoites, the stage at which the cysteine protease activity of P. falciparum is maximal. Falstatin localizes to the periphery of rings and early schizonts, is diffusely expressed in late schizonts and merozoites, and is released upon the rupture of mature schizonts. Treatment of late schizionts with antibodies that blocked the inhibitory activity of falstatin against native and recombinant falcipain-2 and falcipain-3 dose-dependently decreased the subsequent invasion of erythrocytes by merozoites. These results suggest that P. falciparum requires expression of falstatin to limit proteolysis by certain host or parasite cysteine proteases during erythrocyte invasion. This mechanism of regulation of proteolysis suggests new strategies for the development of antimalarial agents that specifically disrupt erythrocyte invasion.
Successful Psychopaths: A Contemporary Phenomenon

The majority of empirical research on psychopathy involves forensic populations; how- ever, researchers have recently turned their attention to the nature and implications of psychopathic features in the workplace, hence shedding light on the notion of “work- place psychopaths. ” Nowadays, many studies deal with successful people having a psychopathic outlook in a work environment. This is a contemporary phenomenon, originated during the 1990s. In this period, changing nature of work and business has created a general state of confusion due to increasing instability and competitiveness. In this social context, psychopathic personality aspects, such as the appearance of calm, confidence and other psychopathic tendencies, are mistaken for “leadership qualities. ” This contemporary phenomenon is dangerous and connected to psychosocial risks: the social and environmental contexts are affected by this dynamic, which can for instance lead to increasing anxiety in the co-workers and lack of motivation. This affects not only workers, but also companies: results of recent researches show the significant influence of psychopaths on organizational commitment. These dynamics stimulated the interest of researchers in a variety of disciplines: psychiatry, as well as psychology, criminology, and sociology. This chapter aims at reviewing the current knowledge on this phenomenon, and to promote prevention and diagnosis.
Pilot workload and fatigue on four intra-European routes: a 12-month mixed-methods evaluation

Abstract There were predictions that the European Aviation Safety Agency’s (EASA’s) new Flight Time Limitations (FTLs) (European Union Regulation 83/2014) would adversely affect safety. Following implementation of the new regulations, research into flight-crew fatigue and workload was conducted at a medium-sized U.K-registered low-cost carrier (LCC). A mixed-methods approach drawing on instantaneous self-assessment (ISA) and participant observation was used to measure fatigue and workload on four intra-European routes. A modified U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine Crew Status Survey recorded ISA data on fatigue and workload. The author’s flight-deck observations generated data on the context of flight operations. Two findings stand out. First, 7.1% of those who completed the inbound Top-of-Climb–Top-of-Descent scale claimed to be either ‘Extremely tired’ or ‘Completely exhausted. ’ Secondly, 9.3% of those who completed the inbound Top-of-Descent–On-Blocks scale claimed to be either ‘Extremely tired’ or ‘Completely exhausted. ’ Pilots recorded maximum and average workload in the range 5–7 most often for phases Boarding–Off-blocks and Top-of-descent–On-blocks. The author recommends that further mixed-methods research into fatigue and workload be conducted at this and other carriers operating under European Union Regulation 83/2014. Research should be conducted regularly.
Reliable Memories Built from Unreliable Components Based on Expander Graphs

In this paper, memories built from components subject to transient faults are considered. A fault-tolerant memory architecture based on low-density parity-check codes is proposed and the existence of reliable memories for the adversarial failure model is proved. The proof relies on the expansion property of the underlying Tanner graph of the code. An equivalence between the Taylor-Kuznetsov (TK) scheme and Gallager B algorithm is established and the results are extended to the independent failure model. It is also shown that the proposed memory architecture has lower redundancy compared to the TK scheme. The results are illustrated with specific numerical examples.
Categorization of News Articles: A Model Based on Discriminative Term Extraction Method

Abstract&#8212, Categorization techniques have major contribution in building automated system capable to fulfill the needs of decision making tasks for better organization and management of resources. The objective of this research is to assess the relative performance of some well-known classification methods. Among the proposed approaches our discriminative term extraction (DTE) based combined naïve bayes and K-NN (NB-KNN) approach has the advantages of short learning time due to its computational efficiency with comparatively high accuracy. We designed DTE based NB-KNN model for multi-class, single label text categorization. Our experiments suggest that data characteristics have considerable impact on the performance of classification methods. The Results obtained from Reuters-21578 corpus shows that NB-KNN consistently outperforms the single naïve bayes and K-NN classifiers on Precision, Recall and F1 scores. The results of the study suggest designing a classification system in which several classification methods can be combined to increase the reliability, consistency and accuracy of the categorization.