Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Keywords: Migration and Borders

“New Keywords: Migration and Borders” is a collaborative writing project aimed at developing a nexus of terms and concepts that fill-out the contemporary problematic of migration. It moves beyond traditional and critical migration studies by building on cultural studies and post-colonial analyses, and by drawing on a diverse set of longstanding author engagements with migrant movements. The paper is organized in four parts (i) Introduction, (ii) Migration, Knowledge, Politics, (iii) Bordering, and (iv) Migrant Space/Times. The keywords on which we focus are: Migration/Migration Studies; Militant Investigation; Counter-mapping; Border Spectacle; Border Regime; Politics of Protection; Externalization; Migrant Labour; Differential inclusion/exclusion; Migrant struggles; and Subjectivity.
Institutional Explanations of Economic Development: The Role of Precious Metals

Recent research has emphasized the influence of colonization on the institutional development and economic performance in former European colonies. Where European colonizers settled, they replicated the investment-conducive institutions found at home. It has been argued that a harsh disease environment and a highly urbanized native population worked against colonization. We show evidence for another significant element explaining the endogenous character of colonization strategies and the formation of institutions. We find the presence of precious metals, gold and silver, to imply an increase in settlements, and an improvement in institutional quality, even when correcting for settlements. Highly valued gold and silver reserves attracted Europeans in large numbers and resulted in an institutional upgrade of mineral-rich areas.
Estimation of slowly decreasing Hawkes kernels: Application to high frequency order book modelling

We present a modified version of the non parametric Hawkes kernel estimation procedure studied in arXiv:1401.0903 that is adapted to slowly decreasing kernels. We show on numerical simulations involving a reasonable number of events that this method allows us to estimate faithfully a power-law decreasing kernel over at least 6 decades. We then propose a 8-dimensional Hawkes model for all events associated with the first level of some asset order book. Applying our estimation procedure to this model, allows us to uncover the main properties of the coupled dynamics of trade, limit and cancel orders in relationship with the mid-price variations.
Fiscal Implications of Ageing

This paper provides new projections on the fiscal impact of age-related spending for OECD countries over the next half century. These results are based on national models using an agreed upon set of assumptions about macroeconomic and demographic developments for all countries. Recent reforms to pension systems have partly offset the impact on spending of an increasingly elderly population, and there has been a major improvement in the underlying fiscal situation in the 1990s. However, further age-related spending (including old age pensions, health and spending associated with children) is still projected to increase on average around 6 to 7 per cent of GDP over the projection period. This calls for maintaining the reform effort and intensifying it in several countries, if fiscal sustainability is to be maintained .
Social Work and Community in a Private World: Getting Out in Public

I.PRIVATE WORLD AND PUBLIC LIFE. 1.Social Work in a Private World. 2.Building Public Life: Theory and Practice. 3.A Framework for Contextualizing Social Work Practice. II.CONTEXTUALIZING SOCIAL WORK: RESEARCH, POLICY, PRACTICE, AND THE SOCIAL SERVICE WORKPLACE. 4.Research: Contextualizing and Politicizing Social Work. 5.Social Policy: The Ideology and Politics of the Public Good. 6.Macro Practice: Putting Social Change and Public Life Back into Social Work Practice. 7.Empowering the Social Service Workplace: Democracy and Organizational Change. 8.Conclusion. References. Index.
Genome-wide indel markers shared by diverse Asian rice cultivars compared to Japanese rice cultivar ‘Koshihikari’

Insertion-deletion (indel) polymorphisms, such as simple sequence repeats, have been widely used as DNA markers to identify QTLs and genes and to facilitate rice breeding. Recently, next-generation sequencing has produced deep sequences that allow genome-wide detection of indels. These polymorphisms can potentially be used to develop high-accuracy polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers. Here, re-sequencing of 5 indica, 2 aus, and 3 tropical japonica cultivars and Japanese elite cultivar ‘Koshihikari’ was performed to extract regions containing large indels (10–51 bp) shared by diverse cultivars. To design indel markers for the discrimination of genomic regions between ‘Koshihikari’ and other diverse cultivars, we subtracted the indel regions detected in ‘Koshihikari’ from those shared in other cultivars. Two sets of indel markers, KNJ8-indel (shared in eight or more cultivars, including ‘Khao Nam Jen’ as a representative tropical japonica cultivar) and C5-indel (shared in five to eight cultivars), were established, with 915 and 9,899 indel regions, respectively. Validation of the two marker sets by using 23 diverse cultivars showed a high PCR success rate (≥95%) for 83.3% of the KNJ8-indel markers and 73.9% of the C5-indel markers. The marker sets will therefore be useful for the effective breeding of Japanese rice cultivars.
Thermodynamics of the Hairpin Ribozyme from All-Atom Simulations

The structure of the self-cleaving hairpin ribozyme is well characterized, and its folding has been examined in bulk and by single-molecule fluorescence, establishing the importance of cations, especially magnesium in the stability of the native fold. Here we describe the first all-atom folding simulations of the hairpin ribozyme, using a version of a Go potential with separate secondary and tertiary structure energetic contributions. The ratio of tertiary/secondary interaction energies serves as a proxy for non-specific cation binding: a high ratio corresponds to a high concentration, while a low one mimics low concentration. By studying the unfolding behavior of the RNA over a range of temperature and tertiary/secondary energies, a three-state phase diagram emerges, with folded, unfolded (coil) and transient folding/unfolding tertiary structure species. The thermodynamics were verified by paired folding simulations in each region of the phase diagram. The three phase behaviors correspond with experimentally observed states, so this simple model captures the essential aspect of thermodynamics in RNA folding.
Relationship Between Risk Factors and Mortality in Type 1 Diabetic Patients in Europe

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Baseline risk factors were measured in the EURODIAB Prospective Cohort Study with 2,787 type 1 diabetic patients (51% men and 49% women) recruited from 16 European countries. Mortality data were collected during a 7-year follow-up. RESULTS—There was an annual mortality rate of 5 per 1,000 person-years in patients with type 1 diabetes (mean age at baseline 33 years, range 15–61 years); of the total 2,787 subjects, 102 died. The final multivariable model contained age at baseline (standardized hazard ratio 1.78 [95% CI 1.44–2.20]), A1C (1.18 [0.95–1.46]), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (1.32 [1.14–1.52]), pulse pressure (1.33 [1.13–1.58]), and non-HDL cholesterol (1.33 [1.12–1.60]) as risk factors for all-cause mortality. Macroalbuminuria (2.39 [1.19–4.78]) and peripheral (1.88 [1.06–3.35]) and autonomic neuropathy (2.40 [1.32–4.36]) were the most important risk markers for mortality. Similar risk factors were found for all-cause, non-cardiovascular disease (CVD), unknown-cause, and CVD mortality. CONCLUSIONS—Important risk factors for the increased total and non-CVD mortality in type 1 diabetic patients are age, WHR, pulse pressure, and non-HDL cholesterol. Microvascular complications from macroalbuminuria and peripheral and autonomic neuropathy are strong risk markers for future mortality exceeding the effect of the traditional risk factors.
On-line locomotion synthesis for virtual humans

Ever since the development of Computer Graphics in the industrial and academic worlds in the seventies, public knowledge and expertise have grown in a tremendous way, notably because of the increasing fascination for Computer Animation. This specific field of Computer Graphics gathers numerous techniques, especially for the animation of characters or virtual humans in movies and video games. To create such high-fidelity animations, a particular interest has been dedicated to motion capture, a technology which allows to record the 3D movement of a live performer. The resulting realism motion is convincing. However, this technique offers little control to animators, as the recorded motion can only be played back. Recently, many advances based on motion capture have been published, concerning slight but precise modifications of an original motion or the parameterization of large motion databases. The challenge consists in combining motion realism with an intuitive on-line motion control, while preserving real-time performances. In the first part of this thesis, we would like to add a brick in the wall of motion parameterization techniques based on motion capture, by introducing a generic motion modeling for locomotion and jump activities. For this purpose, we simplify the motion representation using a statistical method in order to facilitate the elaboration of an efficient parametric model. This model is structured in hierarchical levels, allowing an intuitive motion synthesis with high-level parameters. In addition, we present a space and time normalization process to adapt our model to characters of various sizes. In the second part, we integrate this motion modeling in an animation engine, thus allowing for the generation of a continuous stream of motion for virtual humans. We provide two additional tools to improve the flexibility of our engine. Based on the concept of motion anticipation, we first introduce an on-line method for detecting and enforcing foot-ground constraints. Hence, a straight line walking motion can be smoothly modified to a curved one. Secondly, we propose an approach for the automatic and coherent synthesis of transitions from locomotion to jump (and inversely) motions, by taking into account their respective properties. Finally, we consider the interaction of a virtual human with its environment. Given initial and final conditions set on the locomotion speed and foot positions, we propose a method which computes the corresponding trajectory. To illustrate this method, we propose a case study which mirrors as closely as possible the behavior of a human confronted with an obstacle: at any time, obstacles may be interactively created in front of a moving virtual human. Our method computes a trajectory allowing the virtual human to precisely jump over the obstacle in an on-line manner.
Comparative studies on the induction of transplantation resistance in BALB-c and C57BL-6 mice in three murine leukemia systems.

Summary Syngeneic X-irradiated Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher (FMR) lymphomas readily induce transplantation resistance in C57BL/6 mice. Similar resistance is more difficult to induce in BALB/c mice. To determine whether this difference in response is due to a lesser immunogenicity of FMR cells of BALB/c origin, C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with viable or X-irradiated BALB/c FMR cells, or with X-irradiated C57BL/6 FMR cells, and were challenged with FMR lymphomas of C57BL/6 origin. The reverse experiments were performed in BALB/c recipients. All FMR lymphomas of both strains induced strong transplantation resistance in C57BL/6 mice. Therefore, FMR lymphomas of BALB/c origin were immunogenic in C57BL/6 mice. However, FMR cells of either strain generally induced only weak or nondetectable resistance in BALB/c mice. X-irradiated FMR lymphomas of both strains released varying amounts of infectious virus when inoculated into BALB/c newborns. Lymphomas releasing lesser amounts of virus were usually the more effective immunogens for the induction of transplantation resistance in BALB/c mice. It was therefore postulated that BALB/c mice were less able than C57BL/6 mice to handle immunologically large quantities of virus. This was substantiated by the markedly greater susceptibility of weanling BALB/c mice than C57BL/6 mice to Rauscher virus, as judged by the induction of splenic enlargement, viremia and death. It is suggested that the inoculation of highly susceptible BALB/c mice with lymphomas that release large quantities of virus may impede or obscure specifically or nonspecifically the immunologic reactivity to a subsequent tumor challenge.
THE MOTION OF WATER MASERS IN THE PRE-PLANETARY NEBULA IRAS 16342-3814

We present high angular resolution observations, using the Very Long Baseline Array of the NRAO44 The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc., of the high-velocity water masers toward the “water fountain” pre-planetary nebula, IRAS 16342-3814. The detailed structure of the water masers appears to be that of bow shocks on either side of a highly collimated jet. The proper motions of the water masers are approximately equal to the radial velocities; the three-dimensional velocities are approximately ± 180 km s−1, which leads to a very short dynamical timescale of ∼100 yrs. Although we do not find direct evidence for precession of the fast collimated jet, there may be indirect evidence for such precession. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.
DUAL-BAND CIRCULARLY POLARIZED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH SMALL FREQUENCY RATIO

A compact single-feed dual-band circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna is evaluated numerically and experimentally. The dual-band performances with small frequency ratio (about 1 : 1.1) are achieved by a circular patch and a narrow annular-ring, which have small difierence in radius. The CP characteristics are achieved by an unequal cross-slot embedded in the circular patch and two orthogonal linear stubs spurred from the annular-ring. The antenna is easy to fabricate. Good agreement is obtained between measured and simulated results.
Hybrid feature and decision level fusion of face and speech information for bimodal emotion recognition

A hybrid feature and decision level information fusion architecture is proposed for human emotion recognition from facial expression and speech prosody. An active buffer stores the most recent information extracted from face and speech. This buffer allows fusion of asynchronous information through keeping track of individual modality updates. The contents of the buffer will be fused at feature level; if their respective update times are close to each other. Based on the classifiers' reliability, a decision level fusion block combines results of the unimodal speech and face based systems and the feature level fusion based classifier. Experimental results on a database of 12 people show that the proposed fusion architecture performs better than unimodal classification, pure feature level fusion and decision level fusion.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolated from broiler chickens in Turkey

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of eight antimicrobial agents were tested for 11 Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolates and for one type strain. Of the eight antibiotics examined, oxytetracycline was the most active antibiotic with MIC ranges of < or = 0.125 - 1 µg/ml for O. rhinotracheale isolates. All isolates were resistant to gentamicin and neomycin. Resistance to doxycycline occurred only in the type strain. All other isolates were found to be sensitive to doxycycline. Tilmicosin (MICs ranging from < or = 0.5 - 4 µg/ml), erythromycin (MICs ranging from < or = 0.5 8 µg/ml), and penicillin G (MICs ranging from < or = 4 - 16 µg/ml) gave good inhibitions, but with most strains in a higher concentration.
The three-sixty illusion: designing for immersion in pervasive games

Pervasive games are staged in reality and their main attractiveness is generated by using reality as a resource in the game. Yet, most pervasive games that use mobile and location-based technology use reality only in a weak sense, as the location for a computerized game. In this article we analyze two game practices, Nordic style live action role-playing (larp) and alternate reality games (ARG), that instead use reality as their main game resource. We analyze how they go about creating a believable game world and encourage the players to actively take part in this world. We present two example games that do the same with the support of technology, effectively realizing an immersive game world through a combination of physical play and technology-supported play.
Switching to Green: The Timing of Socially Responsible Innovation

We develop a timing game for adopting a product technology that features a public good. We investigate the effects of the degree of product market competition, product differentiation, the private benefits from contributing to the public good, and firm asymmetries on the timing of adoption. We then examine the effects of consumer subsidies on equilibrium timings and the proliferation of the public good.
Community perceptions of childbearing and use of safer conception strategies among HIV-discordant couples in Kisumu, Kenya

Safer conception strategies (SCS) have the potential to decrease HIV transmission among HIV‐discordant couples who desire children. Community perceptions of SCS may influence the scale‐up and uptake of these services, but little is known about how communities will react to these strategies. Without community support for SCS, their success as an HIV prevention tool may be limited. The objective of this study is to characterize community perceptions of SCS for HIV‐discordant couples in Kisumu, Kenya, to inform ongoing and future safer conception intervention studies in low‐resource settings.
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Social Identification and Investment Decisions

This paper investigates the role of social identification in investment decisions. Social identity is an aspect of self-image based on in-group preferences and a perception of belonging to a social group. We collected survey data from retail clients of the only two banks in the Netherlands that exclusively offer socially responsible investment products and savings accounts. Our data show that almost half of the clients invest exclusively at these banks, whereas the other half also holds at least one conventional investment account. Clients vary widely in the extent to which they identify themselves with socially responsible investments (SRI). Investors with a strong social identification allocate substantially more of their wealth to these banks, both in terms of euros invested and in terms of percentage of their total portfolio invested. Social identification also mediates the effect of expected returns on SRI. Our results further show that social identification is stronger among highly educated, younger and low-wealth investors.
The Development of Shared Understanding among IS Leadership Team: A Multiple Case Study in China

Communication is a primary antecedent of shared understanding (SU) between CIO and top management team (i.e. IS leadership team, ISLT). This paper explored the communication frequency and informality and the effects on shared understanding among ISLT, using case study approach. The results indicated that greater communication frequency led to more SU; formal and informal communication had positive influence on SU respectively, and the latter was more important than the former; and the combination of the two forms of communication induced ideal effect. Additionally, we found that IS success moderated the relationship between communication and SU. The conclusions might have significant implications for promoting IS leadership.
Winter behavior of bats and the progression of white‐nose syndrome in the southeastern United States

Abstract Understanding the winter behavior of bats in temperate North America can provide insight into how bats react to perturbations caused by natural disturbances such as weather, human‐induced disturbances, or the introduction of disease. This study measured the activity patterns of bats outside of their hibernaculum and asked how this winter activity varied by time, temperature, bat species, body condition, and WNS status. Over the course of three winters (2011–2013), we collected acoustic data and captured bats outside of five hibernacula in Tennessee, United States. During this time, Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of white‐nose syndrome, became established in hibernacula throughout the region, allowing us to track disease‐related changes in the winter behavior of ten bat species. We determined that bats in the southeastern United States were active during winter regardless of disease. We recorded activity outside of hibernacula at temperatures as low as −13°C. Although bat activity was best determined by a combination of variables, the strongest factor was mean daily temperature (R 2 = .2879, F 1,1450 = 586.2, p < .0001). Bats that left the hibernacula earlier in evening had lower body condition than those that left 2–4 hr after sunset (F 7,932 = 7.225, p < .0001, Tukey HSD, p < .05). The number of daytime emergences from hibernacula, as determined via acoustic detection, increased the longer a site was P. destructans positive (F 3,17 808 = 124.48, p < .0001, Tukey HSD, p < .05). Through the use of passive acoustic monitoring and monthly captures, we determined that winter activity was driven by both ambient temperature and the presence of P. destructans.
Managing welfare reform in five states : the challenge of devolution

Acknowledgments 1. Public Opinion, Political Leadership, and Welfare Reform Sarah F. Liebschutz 2. Florida Welfare Reform: Cash Assistance as the Least Desirable Resource for Poor Families Robert E. Crew, Jr. and Belinda Creel Davis 3. To Privatization and Back: Welfare Reform Implementation in Mississippi David A. Breaux, Christopher M. Duncan, C. Denise Keller, and John C. Morris 4. Welfare Reform in New York: A Mixed Laboratory for Change Sarah F. Liebschutz 5. Washington's WorkFirst Program: Key Policy Challenges Janet Looney and Betty Jane Narver 6. Wisconsin Works Thomas Kaplan About the Authors Index
'One of a kind' South African craft : the developmental challenges

The craft sector has been prioritised by national government in South Africa for targeted development support. This article analyses the results of a national survey undertaken with 121 craft enterprises which participate in the 'One of a Kind' trade show. The results of this investigation serve to confirm the critical role of demand and of markets as core driving forces for craft enterprise development. The markets for craft SMMEs in South Africa currently are dynamic as a result of an upturn in tourism, growth in domestic demand and the onset of craft production linked to world markets. Maximising the potential benefits of the craft sector requires that key challenges that face craft SMMEs be addressed.