Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time Series Analysis of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Hospitalization in Zhengzhou: Establishment of Forecasting Models Using Climate Variables as Predictors

Background Large-scale outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) have occurred frequently and caused neurological sequelae in mainland China since 2008. Prediction of the activity of HFMD epidemics a few weeks ahead is useful in taking preventive measures for efficient HFMD control. Methods Samples obtained from children hospitalized with HFMD in Zhengzhou, Henan, China, were examined for the existence of pathogens with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from 2008 to 2012. Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models for the weekly number of HFMD, Human enterovirs 71(HEV71) and CoxsackievirusA16 (CoxA16) associated HFMD were developed and validated. Cross correlation between the number of HFMD hospitalizations and climatic variables was computed to identify significant variables to be included as external factors. Time series modeling was carried out using multivariate SARIMA models when there was significant predictor meteorological variable. Results 2932 samples from the patients hospitalized with HFMD, 748 were detected with HEV71, 527 with CoxA16 and 787 with other enterovirus (other EV) from January 2008 to June 2012. Average atmospheric temperature (T{avg}) lagged at 2 or 3 weeks were identified as significant predictors for the number of HFMD and the pathogens. SARIMA(0,1,0)(1,0,0)52 associated with T{avg} at lag 2 (T{avg}-Lag 2) weeks, SARIMA(0,1,2)(1,0,0)52 with T{avg}-Lag 2 weeks and SARIMA(0,1,1)(1,1,0)52 with T{avg}-Lag 3 weeks were developed and validated for description and predication the weekly number of HFMD, HEV71-associated HFMD, and Cox A16-associated HFMD hospitalizations. Conclusion Seasonal pattern of certain HFMD pathogens can be associated by meteorological factors. The SARIMA model including climatic variables could be used as an early and reliable monitoring system to predict annual HFMD epidemics.
A Brief Guide to Structural Equation Modeling

To complement recent articles in this journal on structural equation modeling (SEM) practice and principles by Martens and by Quintana and Maxwell, respectively, the authors offer a consumer’s guide to SEM. Using an example derived from theory and research on vocational psychology, the authors outline six steps in SEM: model specification, identification, data preparation and screening, estimation, evaluation of fit, and modification. In addition, the authors summarize the debates surrounding some aspects of SEM (e.g., acceptable sample size, fit indices), with recommendations for application. They also discuss the need for considering and testing alternative models and present an example, with details on determining whether alternative models result in a significant improvement in fit to the observed data.
Dirac Operator on Embedded Hypersurfaces

New extrinsic lower bounds are given for the classical Dirac operator on the boundary of a compact domain of a spin manifold. The main tool is to solve some boundary problems for the Dirac operator of the domain under boundary conditions of Atiyah-Patodi-Singer type. Spinorial techniques are used to give simple proofs of classical results for compact embedded hypersurfaces.
Modelling the World Economy at the 2050 Horizon

Economic analysis is increasingly addressing long-term issues (such as global warming) that require a dynamic baseline for the world economy. In this article, we develop a three-factor (capital, energy, labour) macroeconometric (MaGE - Macroeconometrics of the Global Economy) model, and project growth for 147 countries to 2050. We improve on the literature by the following: (i) accounting for the energy constraint through dynamic modelling of energy productivity, (ii) modelling female participation rates consistent with education catch-up, (iii) departing from the assumptions of either a closed economy or full capital mobility (by applying a Feldstein-Horioka type relationship between saving and investment rates), and (iv) offering a fully consistent treatment of the Balassa-Samuelson effect. These innovative features have a sizeable impact on projected GDP.
A new approximate solution for scattering by thin dielectric disks of arbitrary size and shape

In this paper, an approximate solution for electromagnetic scattering by a very thin planar homogeneous dielectric object is presented. This solution is obtained from a volumetric integral equation using Fourier transform and is shown to be uniformly valid from low to high frequencies at all incidence angles including edge-on incidence. Validity of the solution is demonstrated through a comparison with canonical objects such as an infinite dielectric slab, and a number of two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) dielectric scatterers. For 2-D, and 3-D scatterers, the approximate solution is compared with a method of moments solution. In all cases examined the approximate formulation provides very accurate results except for situations where the dielectric constant is very high.
Diagnostic value of immunohistochemistry for the detection of the BRAFV600E mutation in primary lung adenocarcinoma Caucasian patients.

BACKGROUND Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients with a BRAF(V600E) mutation benefit from targeted therapy. The usefulness of immunohistochemistry (IHC) as an alternative approach for the detection of BRAF(V600E) in NSCLC patients has not been evaluated until now. This study compared the specificity and sensitivity of IHC with other methods for the detection of BRAF(V600E) in primary lung adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS BRAF mutations were analysed by DNA sequencing of a Caucasian subpopulation of selected 450 of 1509 (30%) EGFR, KRAS, PI3KA, Her2 and EML4-ALK wild-type (wt) primary lung adenocarcinomas. Detection of the BRAF(V600E) mutation was carried out by IHC using the VE1 clone antibody and compared with the results of other molecular methodologies. RESULTS Of 450 (9%) of tumours, 40 harboured a BRAF mutation, which corresponded to either a BRAF(V600E) or a non-BRAF(V600E) mutation in 21 of 450 (5%) and 19 of 450 (4%) cases, respectively. The IHC VE1 assay was positive in 19 of 21 (90%) BRAF(V600E)-mutated tumours and negative in all BRAF(nonV600E)-mutated tumours. CONCLUSION IHC using the VE1 clone is a specific and sensitive method for the detection of BRAF(V600E) and may be an alternative to molecular biology for the detection of mutations in NSCLC.
Performance analysis of fractional slot wound PM-motors for low speed applications

This paper introduces a performance comparison of different permanent magnet motor structures equipped with fractional slot windings in which the number of slots per pole and phase q < 1. Such a PM machine is an attractive solution for low-speed applications in which copper losses often dominate as iron losses are of less importance. It was in the authors interest to have a low speed motor to a specific application, in which high torque and 45 kW output power at 420 rpm can be achieved using a restricted motor volume. These demands lead to study multi-pole machines with fractional slot windings. One of the designs studied was verified via a prototype machine.
Complexity analysis of BPEL Web processes

Several organizations have already realized the potential of using WS-BEPL, the Process Execution Language for Web Services, to model the behavior of Web services in business processes. WS-BPEL provides a model for describing simple or complex interactions between business partners. In some cases, WS-BPEL process designs can be highly complex, due, for example, to the vast number of Web services carried out in global markets. High complexity in a process has several undesirable drawbacks; it may result in poor understandability, more errors, defects, and exceptions, leading to processes requiring more time to be developed, tested, and maintained. Therefore, excessive complexity should be avoided. Processes that are highly complex tend be less flexible, since it is more complicated to make changes to the process. The major goal of this article is to present two metrics to analyze the control-flow complexity (CFC) of WS-BPEL Web processes. The metrics are to be used at design-time to evaluate the complexity of a process design before implementation actually takes place. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic Shifts in Embryonic Stem Cells with Gene Dose Modifications Suggest the Presence of Balancer Proteins in Protein Regulatory Networks

Large numbers of protein expression changes are usually observed in mouse models for neurodegenerative diseases, even when only a single gene was mutated in each case. To study the effect of gene dose alterations on the cellular proteome, we carried out a proteomic investigation on murine embryonic stem cells that either overexpressed individual genes or displayed aneuploidy over a genomic region encompassing 14 genes. The number of variant proteins detected per cell line ranged between 70 and 110, and did not correlate with the number of modified genes. In cell lines with single gene mutations, up and down-regulated proteins were always in balance in comparison to parental cell lines regarding number as well as concentration of differentially expressed proteins. In contrast, dose alteration of 14 genes resulted in an unequal number of up and down-regulated proteins, though the balance was kept at the level of protein concentration. We propose that the observed protein changes might partially be explained by a proteomic network response. Hence, we hypothesize the existence of a class of “balancer” proteins within the proteomic network, defined as proteins that buffer or cushion a system, and thus oppose multiple system disturbances. Through database queries and resilience analysis of the protein interaction network, we found that potential balancer proteins are of high cellular abundance, possess a low number of direct interaction partners, and show great allelic variation. Moreover, balancer proteins contribute more heavily to the network entropy, and thus are of high importance in terms of system resilience. We propose that the “elasticity” of the proteomic regulatory network mediated by balancer proteins may compensate for changes that occur under diseased conditions.
The Excess Sensitivity of Long-Term Interest Rates: Evidence and Implications for Macroeconomic Models

This paper demonstrates that long-term forward interest rates in the U.S. often react considerably to surprises in macroeconomic data releases and monetary policy announcements. This behavior is inconsistent with the assumption of many macroeconomic models that the long-run properties of the economy are time-invariant and perfectly known by all economic agents. Under those conditions, the shocks we consider would have only transitory effects on short-term interest rates, and hence would not generate large responses in forward rates. Our empirical findings suggest that private agents adjust their expectations of the long-run inflation rate in response to macroeconomic and monetary policy surprises. Consistent with our hypothesis, forward rates derived from inflation-indexed Treasury debt show little sensitivity to these shocks, indicating that the response of nominal forward rates is mostly driven by inflation compensation. In addition, we find that in the U.K., where the long-run inflation target is known by the private sector, long-term forward rates have not demonstrated excess sensitivity since the Bank of England achieved independence in mid-1997. We present an alternative model in which agents' perceptions of long-run inflation are not completely anchored, which fits all of our empirical results.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, ANAK PERUSAHAAN, LEVERAGE DAN UKURAN KAP TERHADAP AUDIT DELAY

Audit delay is the time span of completion of the audit of annual financial statements, measured by the length of days required to obtain an audit report of the independent auditors the annual financial statements of the company, from the date of the closing of the company as of the date indicated on the independent auditor's report. Factors that affect audit delay consideration is the size of the company, subsidiaries, leverage, size of audit firm. The selection of the sample used in this study is purposive sampling with a sample size of 50 companies acquired during the period 2009-2011. Analysis of data using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the size of the company,the size of audit firm affect audit delay, whereas subsidiaries and leverage does not affect the audit delay.
Eliciting high quality feedback from crowdsourced tree networks using continuous scoring rules

Eliciting accurate information on any object (perhaps a new product or service or person) using the wisdom of a crowd of individuals utilizing web-based platforms such as social networks is an important and interesting problem. Peer-prediction method is one of the known efforts in this direction but is limited to a single level of participating nodes. We non-trivially generalize the peer-prediction mechanism to the setting of a tree network of participating nodes that would get formed when the query about the object originates at a root node and propagates to nodes in a social network through forwarding. The feedback provided by the participating nodes must be aggregated hierarchically to generate a high quality answer at the root level. In the proposed tree-based peer-prediction mechanism, we use proper scoring rules for continuous distributions and prove that honest reporting is a Nash Equilibrium when prior probabilities are common knowledge in the tree and the observations made by the sibling nodes are stochastically relevant. To compute payments, we explore the logarithmic, quadratic, and spherical scoring rules using techniques from complex analysis. Through detailed simulations, we obtain several insights including the relationship between the budget of the mechanism designer and the quality of answer generated at the root node.
ALS2/Alsin Regulates Rac-PAK Signaling and Neurite Outgrowth*

Rac and its downstream effectors p21-activated kinase (PAK) family kinases regulate actin dynamics within growth cones to control neurite outgrowth during development. The activity of Rac is stimulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that promote GDP release and GTP binding. ALS2/Alsin is a recently described GEF that contains a central domain that is predicted to regulate the activities of Rac and/or Rho and Cdc42 activities. Mutations in ALS2 cause some recessive familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but the function of ALS2 is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that ALS2 is present within growth cones of neurons, in which it co-localizes with Rac. Furthermore, ALS2 stimulates Rac but not Rho or Cdc42 activities, and this induces a corresponding increase in PAK1 activity. Finally, we demonstrate that ALS2 promotes neurite outgrowth. Defects in these functions may therefore contribute to motor neuron demise in ALS.
The British Passenger Rail Privatisation: Conclusions on Subsidy and Efficiency from the First Round of Franchises

The paper examines the issue of subsidy cuts and efficiency gains arising from the first round of franchises from the British passenger rail privatisation. A problem is identified in past studies regarding the lack of a progressive dynamic between subsidy and efficiency over time. This paper assesses efficiency changes and productivity gains achieved by the British train-operating companies over an 8-year period, and then attempts to establish a statistical relationship between efficiency gains and subsidy cuts. Although such a relationship is established, the results more broadly indicate winner's curse syndrome and the strong negotiating position of the incumbent. © 2009 LSE and the University of Bath
The time-varying pricing of value and size premia in Japan

Following Fama and French’s (1996) suggestion of the equivalence of their three-factor model and established equilibrium pricing models, this paper examines whether the Fama–French small-minus-big (SMB) and high-minus-low (HML) factors mimic the state variables in Merton’s (1973) intertemporal capital asset pricing model (ICAPM). We test this equivalence for the Japanese stock market over the period 1982 to 2003 using a multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model. Our direct test of the time-varying pricing of the Fama–French factors in the ICAPM finds that both SMB and HML play the role of well-priced state variables. Our findings thus support the suggestion that SMB and HML factors indeed mimic the state variables in Merton’s ICAPM in Japan.
Effect of undegradable intake protein supplementation on urea kinetics and microbial use of recycled urea in steers consuming low-quality forage

We evaluated the effect of undegradable intake protein (UIP) on urea kinetics and microbial incorporation of urea-N in ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers (n 4; 319 kg) provided ad libitum access to grass hay in a 4 × 4 Latin square. Casein was continuously infused abomasally in amounts of 0, 62, 124 and 186 mg N/kg body weight per d to simulate provision of UIP. Periods were 13 d long with 7 d for adaptation and 6 d for collection. Jugular infusion of [15N15N]urea followed by determination of urinary enrichment of [15N15N]urea and [14N15N]urea was used to measure urea kinetics. Forage and N intake increased (quadratic, P < 0·02) with increasing UIP. Urea synthesis was 27·1, 49·9, 82·2 and 85·8 g urea-N/d for 0, 62, 124 and 186 diets, respectively (linear, P < 0·01). The proportion of urea synthesis that entered the gastrointestinal tract was 0·96 for steers receiving no UIP and decreased linearly (P = 0·05) to a low of 0·89 for steers receiving 186. The amount of urea entering the gastrointestinal tract was least for 0 (26·3) and increased (linear, P < 0·01) to 48·7, 77·2 and 76·6 g urea-N/d for 62, 124 and 186 diets, respectively. Microbial incorporation of recycled urea-N increased quadratically (P = 0·04) from 13·9 for 0 to 47·7 g N/d for 124. The proportion of microbial N derived from recycled urea increased (quadratic, P = 0·05) from 0·31 to 0·58 between 0 and 124 and dropped to 0·44 for 186 mg N/kg body weight per d. UIP increased intake of hay and provided a N source for ruminal microbes via urea recycling.
Targeting invadopodia to block breast cancer metastasis

Better understanding the mechanisms underlying the metastatic process is essential to developing novel targeted therapeutics. Recently, invadopodia have been increasingly recognized as important drivers of local invasion in metastasis. Invadopodia are basally-localized, actin-rich structures that concentrate protease activity to areas of the cell in contact with the extracellular matrix. We recently found that the transcription factor Twist1, a central regulator of the epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), promotes invadopodia formation via upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) expression and activity. This finding, combined with other investigations into the mechanisms of invadopodia formation, reveal several novel targets for clinical inhibition of invadopodia. Here, we provide an overview of clinically-relevant targets for intervention in invadopodia, including Src signaling, PDGFR signaling, and metalloprotease activity.
Ultrasonic array sensors for monitoring of human fall detection

A way to reduce the falling risk in the area where closed-circuit television (CCTV) is not available has been studied systematically using ultrasonic sensors for detection. The ultrasonic sensors, behaving a receiver and a transmitter, connect to Arduino microcontroller in order to send the signal via WiFi to computer. The sensors are positioned to array on top and wall of room. Then, the threshold signal is analyzed to find the action such as stand, sit and fall by comparison between top and side signal. The various side signals can indicate the failure. In addition, the signal processing can achieve the temperature around the simple leading to classify an object or a human. The accuracy to indicate the fall is 92 percentages.
THE zCOSMOS 10k-BRIGHT SPECTROSCOPIC SAMPLE

We present spectroscopic redshifts of a large sample of galaxies with IAB < 22.5 in the COSMOS field, measured from spectra of 10,644 objects that have been obtained in the first two years of observations in the zCOSMOS-bright redshift survey. These include a statistically complete subset of 10,109 objects. The average accuracy of individual redshifts is 110 km s−1, independent of redshift. The reliability of individual redshifts is described by a Confidence Class that has been empirically calibrated through repeat spectroscopic observations of over 600 galaxies. There is very good agreement between spectroscopic and photometric redshifts for the most secure Confidence Classes. For the less secure Confidence Classes, there is a good correspondence between the fraction of objects with a consistent photometric redshift and the spectroscopic repeatability, suggesting that the photometric redshifts can be used to indicate which of the less secure spectroscopic redshifts are likely right and which are probably wrong, and to give an indication of the nature of objects for which we failed to determine a redshift. Using this approach, we can construct a spectroscopic sample that is 99% reliable and which is 88% complete in the sample as a whole, and 95% complete in the redshift range 0.5 < z < 0.8. The luminosity and mass completeness levels of the zCOSMOS-bright sample of galaxies is also discussed.
Directors from Related Industries and Management Forecast Accuracy

To provide accurate earnings forecasts, firms need not only internal information, but also information about external economic environment, such as their upstream and downstream industries. We investigate one party that can help firms obtain such information—directors who also serve as current directors or executives in the firms’ related industries (DRIs). We hypothesize and find that more DRIs on board are associated with more accurate management forecasts, and that this association is stronger when there is greater uncertainty in the firms themselves or in their related industries. Further analyses suggest that our findings are at least partly attributable to the advising role played by DRIs, and that DRIs are associated with improvement in other aspects of the firms’ information environment. Our study provides systematic evidence that external information is important in improving management forecast accuracy and that directors with such information can more effectively perform board functions.
Study of Chinese Real Estate Stock Daily Return Under Different Market Condition

The article studied the real estate daily risk and returns. We found the single model (CAPM) can excellently explain the real estate stock and industry daily return, The mostly betas of real estate stock and real estate industry are higher than 1 which means that the systematic risk of real estate industry is higher than the market risk, there is no significant difference of real estate daily betas between the advancing markets and declining markets.