Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Stop Discovery in Trajectory Records

The advance of GPS tracking technique brings a large amount of trajectory data. These data can be used in many application domains such as traffic management, urban planning, tourism, and bird migration. Recently, a semantic model which expresses trajectory as a sequence of stops and moves was introduced and become a hot topic for trajectory data analysis. Stops are important parts of trajectories, such as "working at office", "shopping in a mall", "waiting for the bus". Although several works have been developed to discover stops, they considered the characteristics of the stops separately. Because of this limitation, these approaches only focus on certain well-defined trajectories. They cannot work well for heterogeneous cases like diverse and sparse trajectories. Towards stop discovery in trajectories, in this paper, we propose a comprehensive hybrid feature-based method to discover stops. We also evaluate our approach with real-life GPS datasets, and show that this newly proposed approach can provide a good abstraction on the trajectory, with efficient computation.
Stellar coronal magnetic fields and star-planet interaction

Context. Evidence of magnetic interaction between late-type stars and close-in giant planets is provided by the observations of stellar hot spots rotating synchronously with the planets and showing an enhancement of chromospheric and X-ray fluxes. Possible photospheric signatures of such an interaction have also been reported. Aims. We investigate star-planet interaction in the framework of a magnetic field model of a stellar corona, considering the interaction between the coronal field and that of a planetary magnetosphere moving through the corona. This is motivated, among other reasons, by the difficulty of accounting for the energy budgets of the interaction phenomena with previous models. Methods. A linear force-free model is applied to describe the coronal field and study the evolution of its total magnetic energy and relative helicity according to the boundary conditions at the stellar surface and the effects related to the planetary motion through the corona. Results. The energy budget of the star-planet interaction is discussed, assuming that the planet may trigger a release of the energy of the coronal field by decreasing its relative helicity. The observed intermittent character of the star-planet interaction is explained by a topological change in the stellar coronal field, induced by a variation in its relative helicity. The model predicts the formation of many prominence-like structures in the case of highly active stars owing to the accumulation of matter evaporated from the planet inside an azimuthal flux rope in the outer corona. Moreover, the model can explain why stars accompanied by close-in planets have a higher X-ray luminosity than those with distant planets. It predicts that the best conditions for detecting radio emission from the exoplanets and their host stars are achieved when the field topology is characterized by field lines connected to the surface of the star, leading to a chromospheric hot spot rotating synchronously with the planet. Conclusions. The main predictions of the model can be verified with current observational techniques, by a simultaneous monitoring of the chromospheric flux and X-ray (or radio) emission, and spectropolarimetric observations of the photospheric magnetic fields.
La legalarbitrariedad como mecanismo jurídico de control de la inmigración irregular

In this article, we aim to define legalarbitrariness as a mechanism, deployed under the Spanish legal subsystem of aliens' affairs, to carry on expulsion procedures of migrants. As a legal mechanism, it surges and results of the interaction between aliens' law, the administrative and judiciary decisions, and the actions and non-actions of the migrant and its attorney. At the same time, legalarbitrariness enables a more efficient implementation by the police officers of the procedures towards the expulsion of irregular migrants. Also, we expose the formation of legalarbitrariness (2), its characterization as a legal mechanism (3), and, finally, we present three cases of legalarbitrariness taking place under the Spanish rule of law: a) identification, arrest, and transfer of the migrant to the police station, as the inception of the legalarbitrariness praxis; b) express expulsions: when legalarbitrariness reaches its highest expression; and c) court orders of collective internment: when legalarbitrariness is installed in the judiciary.
Adopting Better Corporate Governance: Evidence from Cross-Border Mergers

Cross-border mergers allow firms to alter the level of protection they provide to their investors, because target firms usually import the corporate governance system of the acquiring company by law. Therefore, cross-border mergers provide a natural experiment to analyze the effects of changes in corporate governance on firm value, and on an industry as a whole. We construct measures of the change in investor protection induced by cross-border mergers in a sample of 7330 'national industry years' (spanning 39 industries in 41 countries in the period 1990-2001. We find that the Tobin's Q of an industry -- including its unmerged firms -- increases when firms within that industry are acquired by foreign firms coming from countries with better shareholder protection and better accounting standards. We present evidence that the transfer of corporate governance practices through cross-border mergers is Pareto improving. Firms that can adopt better practices willingly do so, and the market assigns more value to better protection.
Modelling galaxy spectra in presence of interstellar dust – II. From the ultraviolet to the far-infrared

In this paper, we present spectrophotometric models for galaxies of different morphological type whose spectral energy distributions (SEDs) take into account the effect of dust in absorbing UV-optical light and re-emitting it in the infrared (IR). The models contain three main components: (i) the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) composed of gas and dust whose emission and extinction properties have already been studied in detail by Piovan et al. (2006), (ii) the large complexes of molecular clouds (MCs) in which new stars are formed and (iii) the stars of any age and chemical composition. The galaxy models stand on a robust model of chemical evolution that assuming a suitable prescription for gas infall, initial mass function, star formation rate and stellar ejecta provides the total amounts of gas and stars present at any age together with their chemical history. The chemical models are taylored in such a way to match the gross properties of galaxies of different morphological type. In order to describe the interaction between stars and ISM in building up the total SED of a galaxy, one has to know the spatial distribution of gas and stars. This is made adopting a simple geometrical model for each type of galaxy. The total gas and star mass provided by the chemical model are distributed over the whole volume by means of suitable density profiles, one for each component and depending on the galaxy type (spheroidal, disk and disk plus bulge). The galaxy is then split in suitable volume elements to each of which the appropriate amounts of stars, MCs and ISM are assigned. Each elemental volume bin is at the same time source of radiation from the stars inside and absorber and emitter of radiation from and to all other volume bins and the ISM in between. They are the elemental seeds to calculate the total SED. Using the results for the properties of the ISM and the Single Stellar Populations (SSPs) presented by Piovan et al. (2006) we derive the SEDs of galaxies of different morphological type. First the technical details of the method are described and the basic relations driving the interaction between the physical components of the galaxy are presented. Second, the main parameters are examined and their effects on the SED of three prototype galaxies (a disk, an elliptical and a starburster) are highlighted. The final part of the paper is devoted to assess the ability of our galaxy models in reproducing the SEDs of a few real galaxies of the Local Universe.
Low Complexity Antenna Selection for Spatial Multiplexing Systems with VBLAST Detection

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have the advantage of spectral efficiency in comparison with single-input single-output (SISO) systems. Through this advantage, data throughput can be significantly increased. The VBLAST (vertical Bell Laboratories layered space-time) scheme was proposed as one possible transceiver structure in terms of performance and complexity. Recently a technique called antenna selection has been introduced as a practical solution to the cost and the complexity problem. In this paper we develop an optimal selection criterion for MIMO systems with VBLAST detection. A suboptimal selection criterion will then be proposed to reduce the complexity without significant performance degradation compared to the optimal criterion. As a performance metric, we used the vector symbol error rate (VSER). Simulations that validate our proposed algorithm are also provided.
Rational Phosphorus Application Facilitates the Sustainability of the Wheat/Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping System

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/maize (Zea mays L.)/soybean (Glycine max L.) relay strip intercropping (W/M/S) system is commonly used by the smallholders in the Southwest of China. However, little known is how to manage phosphorus (P) to enhance P use efficiency of the W/M/S system and to mitigate P leaching that is a major source of pollution. Field experiments were carried out in 2011, 2012, and 2013 to test the impact of five P application rates on yield and P use efficiency of the W/M/S system. The study measured grain yield, shoot P uptake, apparent P recovery efficiency (PRE) and soil P content. A linear-plateau model was used to determine the critical P rate that maximizes gains in the indexes of system productivity. The results show that increase in P application rates aggrandized shoot P uptake and crops yields at threshold rates of 70 and 71.5 kg P ha-1 respectively. With P application rates increasing, the W/M/S system decreased the PRE from 35.9% to 12.3% averaged over the three years. A rational P application rate, 72 kg P ha-1, or an appropriate soil Olsen-P level, 19.1 mg kg-1, drives the W/M/S system to maximize total grain yield while minimizing P surplus, as a result of the PRE up to 28.0%. We conclude that rational P application is an important approach for relay intercropping to produce high yield while mitigating P pollution and the rational P application-based integrated P fertilizer management is vital for sustainable intensification of agriculture in the Southwest of China.
Reassessing the Standard of Living in the Soviet Union: An Analysis Using Archival and Anthropometric Data

This article uses anthropometric and archival data to reassess the standard of living in the Soviet Union. In the prewar period, the population was small in stature and sensitive to the political and economic upheavals experienced in the country. Significant improvements in child height, adult stature, and infant mortality were recorded from approximately 1945 to 1970. While this period of physical growth was followed by stagnation in heights, the physical growth record of the Soviet population compares favorably with that of other European countries at a similar level of development in this period.
Correlations between speed of sound and microstructure in swine cancellous bone during decalcification

The aim of this in vitro study is to explore the correlations between quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters and micro-structure parameters of cancellous bone. Cube of swine cancellous bone were resort to progressively decalcification and subjected to QUS and micro computed tomography. Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) decalcification was used to remove calcium. SOS, an important QUS parameter, has a downtrend as calcium run off. At the same time, both BV/TV and Tb.Th have a downtrend; meanwhile, BS/BV and Tb.Pf have an uptrend during the process of decalcification. SOS shows a great correlation with Micro-Structure parameters which indicate that quantitative ultrasound has the potential to reflect bone microstructure.
Epstein-Barr Virus–Positive Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease After Solid Organ Transplantation: Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Management

Abstract Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a potentially fatal complication after (solid organ) transplantation, which is highly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The EBV-specific cytotoxic T cell response that is essential in controlling the virus in healthy individuals is suppressed in transplant recipients using immunosuppressive drugs. A primary EBV infection in EBV-seronegative patients receiving an EBV-seropositive donor organ or a reactivation in those who are already latently infected pretransplantation can lead to uninhibited growth of EBV-infected B cells and subsequently to PTLD. Effective preventive strategies, such as vaccines and antiviral agents, are lacking. Because not every transplant recipient with increasing EBV viral load develops PTLD, it is hard to decide how intensively these patients should be monitored and how and when a preemptive intervention should take place. There is a need for other tools to help predict the development of PTLD in patients at risk to make timing and strategy of preemptive intervention easier and more reliable. The cornerstone of the treatment of patients with PTLD is restoring the host's immunity by reduction of immunosuppressive drug therapy. American and British guidelines recommend to add rituximab monotherapy or rituximab in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone, depending on histology and clinical characteristics. Although response to these therapies is good, toxicity is a problem, and PTLD still has a relatively high mortality rate. An evolving therapy, especially in PTLD occurring in allogeneic stem cell transplantation, is restoring the host's immune response with infusion of EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells. This may also play a role in the future in both prevention and treatment of PTLD in SOT.
Speaker recognition using hidden Markov models, dynamic time warping and vector quantisation

The authors evaluate continuous density hidden Markov models (CDHMM), dynamic time warping (DTW) and distortion-based vector quantisation (VQ) for speaker recognition, emphasising the performance of each model structure across incremental amounts of training data. Text-independent (TI) experiments are performed with VQ and CDHMMs, and text-dependent (TD) experiments are performed with DTW, VQ and CDHMMs. For TI speaker recognition, VQ performs better than an equivalent CDHMM with one training version, but is outperformed by CDHMM when trained with ten training versions. For TD experiments, DTW outperforms VQ and CDHMMs for sparse amounts of training data, but with more data the performance of each model is indistinguishable. The performance of the TD procedures is consistently superior to TI, which is attributed to subdividing the speaker recognition problem into smaller speaker-word problems. It is also shown that there is a large variation in performance across the different digits, and it is concluded that digit zero is the best digit for speaker discrimination.
Travelers’ preferences for peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodations and hotels

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate travelers’ preferences for peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodations or hotels when traveling for leisure or business purposes given the rise of P2P accommodations in the form of Airbnb, Vacation Rentals by Owners (VRBO) One Fine Stay, etc. Design/methodology/approach VRBO hosts in Denver, Colorado, USA provided contact information for 788 travelers who stayed with them over the prior three years. These travelers received an email survey and the opportunity to be entered in a drawing for one of three US$250 gift cards. Findings P2P usage was driven by leisure travel. The most influential factors in the choice of P2P over hotel were price, location, party size, dwelling size and trip length. When choosing a hotel for business travel, the influential factors were location, safety and security, price and knowing what one will receive in the way of facility and services. Research limitations/implications The external validity of the findings is limited as the study was conducted in one US city using travelers of only one P2P accommodations platform. Practical implications Hotels may want to leverage their loyalty programs and stress the importance of safety and security when traveling as a means of competing with P2P accommodations. Originality/value Given limited empirical research on P2P accommodations, this study provides an informative first look at the preferences and behaviors of travelers using P2P accommodations and points to a growing loyalty to P2P accommodations versus hotels in the leisure segment.
Measuring the Size of Large No-Limit Poker Games

In the eld of computational game theory, games are often compared in terms of their size. This can be measured in several ways, including the number of unique game states, the number of decision points, and the total number of legal actions over all decision points. These numbers are either known or estimated for a wide range of classic games such as chess and checkers. In the stochastic and imperfect information game of poker, these sizes are easily computed in \limit" games which restrict the players’ available actions, but until now had only been estimated for the more complicated \no-limit" variants. In this paper, we describe a simple algorithm for quickly computing the size of two-player no-limit poker games, provide an implementation of this algorithm, and present for the rst time precise counts of the number of game states, information sets, actions and terminal nodes in the no-limit poker games played in the Annual Computer Poker Competition.
Promoting Total Physical Response (TPR) for Young Learners In English Class

Nowadays, the teaching English for young learners i s getting attention from many people. In Indonesia, English lessons taught to stu dents from early childhood to university level. In the early childhood level, lea rning English is taught simply that children are interested and do not get bored i n learning. The role of teachers is very influential to the success of learning in the classroom. English teachers must be able to select and apply learning techniques whi ch are appropriate to the needs of their students. One of the techniques that can b e applied to children is Total Physical Response (TPR). The study aims to describe the use of TPR technique for children in early childhood. The writer of the study explores the use of TPR in teaching and learning English. The research method is descriptive qualitative. The writer describes the activities carried out by teac hers and students in using TPR. The results of the activities in the classroom show ed that the TPR effectively applied to children because they enjoy learning Eng lish. Children are also very active in learning English. The writer hopes that t he study contributes to the activities of teaching and learning English, especi ally teaching English for young learners. The writer also suggests that TPR can be applied by the teachers to teach young learners.
Hybrid Decoding of Finite Geometry LDPC Codes

For finite geometry low-density parity-check codes, heavy row and column weights in their parity check matrix make the decoding with even Min-Sum (MS) variants computationally expensive. To alleviate it, we present a class of hybrid schemes by concatenating a parallel bit flipping (BF) variant with an Min-Sum (MS) variant. In most SNR region of interest, without compromising performance or convergence rate, simulation results show that the proposed hybrid schemes can save substantial computational complexity with respect to MS variant decoding alone. Specifically, the BF variant, with much less computational complexity, bears most decoding load before resorting to MS variant. Computational and hardware complexity is also elaborated to justify the feasibility of the hybrid schemes.
Early oxidative shifts in mouse skeletal muscle morphology with high‐fat diet consumption do not lead to functional improvements

Short‐term consumption of a high‐fat diet (HFD) can result in an oxidative shift in adult skeletal muscle. However, the impact of HFD on young, growing muscle is largely unknown. Thus, 4‐week‐old mice were randomly divided into sedentary HFD (60% kcal from fat), sedentary standard chow (control), or exercise‐trained standard chow. Tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus muscles were examined for morphological and functional changes after 3 weeks. HFD consumption increased body and epididymal fat mass and induced whole body glucose intolerance versus control mice. Compared to controls, both HFD and exercise‐trained TA muscles displayed a greater proportion of oxidative fibers and a trend for an increased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) content. The soleus also displayed an oxidative shift with increased SDH content in HFD mice. Despite the aforementioned changes, palmitate oxidation rates were not different between groups. To determine if the adaptive changes with HFD manifest as a functional improvement, all groups performed pre‐ and postexperiment aerobic exercise tests. As expected, exercise‐trained mice improved significantly compared to controls, however, no improvement was observed in HFD mice. Interestingly, capillary density was lower in HFD muscles; a finding which may contribute to the lack of functional differences seen with HFD despite the oxidative shift in skeletal muscle morphology. Taken together, our data demonstrate that young, growing muscle exhibits early oxidative shifts in response to a HFD, but these changes do not translate to functional benefits in palmitate oxidation, muscle fatigue resistance, or whole body exercise capacity.
A picture is worth a thousand search results: finding child-oriented multimedia results with collAge

We present a simple and effective approach to complement search results for children's web queries with child-oriented multimedia results, such as coloring pages and music sheets. Our approach determines appropriate media types for a query by searching Google's database of frequent queries for co-occurrences of a query's terms (e.g., "dinosaurs") with preselected multimedia terms (e.g., "coloring pages"). We show the effectiveness of this approach through an online user evaluation.
Sequential Bargaining in a New-Keynesian Model with Frictional Unemployment and Staggered Wage Negotiation

We consider a model with frictional unemployment and staggered wage bargaining where hours worked are negotiated every period. The workers' bargaining power in the hours negotiation affects both unemployment volatility and inflation persistence. The closer to zero this parameter, (i) the more firms adjust on the intensive margin, reducing employment volatility, (ii) the lower the effective workers' bargaining power for wages and (iii) the more important the hourly wage in the marginal cost determination. This set-up produces realistic labor market statistics together with inflation persistence. Distinguishing the probability to bargain the wage of the existing and the new jobs, we show that the intensive margin helps reduce the new entrants wage rigidity required to match observed unemployment volatility.