Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fads, stereotypes and management gurus: Fayol and Follett today

Purpose – The management profession has a long and well‐documented history adopting and abandoning “fads” promulgated by a series of thinkers, practitioners, and opinion leaders who enjoy a “guru” like status. The purpose of this paper shows that stereotyping contributes to the existence of this guru‐fad phenomenon.Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines the characteristics of both management fads and the phenomenon of stereotyping with reference to two leading historical management practitioners and thinkers, Henri Fayol and Mary Parker Follett.Findings – Drawing on the examples of Mary Parker Follett and Henri Fayol, it argues that the influence exerted by other management gurus and fads, such as Frederick Winslow Taylor's Scientific Management and Elton Mayo's Human Relations Movement, gave rise to a stereotyped view of both Follett and Fayol's work that prevented an accurate appraisal of their ideas.Research limitations/implications – In addition, this paper notes that, while Follett and Fayo.
FlowDroid: precise context, flow, field, object-sensitive and lifecycle-aware taint analysis for Android apps

Today's smartphones are a ubiquitous source of private and confidential data. At the same time, smartphone users are plagued by carelessly programmed apps that leak important data by accident, and by malicious apps that exploit their given privileges to copy such data intentionally. While existing static taint-analysis approaches have the potential of detecting such data leaks ahead of time, all approaches for Android use a number of coarse-grain approximations that can yield high numbers of missed leaks and false alarms. In this work we thus present FlowDroid, a novel and highly precise static taint analysis for Android applications. A precise model of Android's lifecycle allows the analysis to properly handle callbacks invoked by the Android framework, while context, flow, field and object-sensitivity allows the analysis to reduce the number of false alarms. Novel on-demand algorithms help FlowDroid maintain high efficiency and precision at the same time. We also propose DroidBench, an open test suite for evaluating the effectiveness and accuracy of taint-analysis tools specifically for Android apps. As we show through a set of experiments using SecuriBench Micro, DroidBench, and a set of well-known Android test applications, FlowDroid finds a very high fraction of data leaks while keeping the rate of false positives low. On DroidBench, FlowDroid achieves 93% recall and 86% precision, greatly outperforming the commercial tools IBM AppScan Source and Fortify SCA. FlowDroid successfully finds leaks in a subset of 500 apps from Google Play and about 1,000 malware apps from the VirusShare project.
Strategies of Promoting Positive Attitude towards Learners with Hearing Impairment by Regular Primary Schools in Kenya (A Case study for Kakamega County)

Information from nine District Educational Assessment and Resource Centers (2010) in Kakamega County indicates that the number of learners with Hearing Impairment (HI) in regular primary schools increased since the inception of Free Primary Education, (FPE). For example in 2003 were 51 learners with HI, 2004 (65), 2005 (73), 2006 (90), 2007 (102), 2008 (133), 2009 (161), and 206 learners with HI in 2010. There were 121 learners with HI in class three and four. The schools faced a number of challenges among them; communication barrier, negative attitude towards learners with HI by hearing learners and teachers. The purpose of this study was to establish strategies of promoting positive attitude towards learners with hearing impairement by the regular schools with HI learners. Objectives of the study were to; find out strategies employed by schools to promote positive attitudes towards learners with HI and the extent to which the strategies are employed. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The study population consisted of 121 learners with HI, 1440 hearing learners, 36 teachers and 18 head teachers. Simple random sampling was used to select 480 hearing learners while saturated sampling was used to select 109 learners with HI, 32 class teachers and 16 head teachers. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used for data collection. A pilot study was conducted on ten percent of population to determine reliability of instruments. Face validity of the instruments was ascertained by experts from both Special Needs Education and Educational Psychology departments of Maseno University. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages and mean were used to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data was transcribed, put into various categories and reported in an ongoing process as themes and sub-themes emerged. Findings showed that most schools used strategies to promote Positive attitude towards learners with HI; these included: creation of awareness about HI; HI and hearing learners shared teaching-learning resources and experiences. In conclusion, key strategies used included: both hearing and HI learners shared teaching-learning resources, sensitization/awareness was created to general school community. Recommendations of the study are; positive attitude be promoted towards learners with HI through creation of awareness and sharing of teaching-learning resources and experiences.
Perfectionistic Self‐Presentation and Trait Perfectionism in Social Problem‐Solving Ability and Depressive Symptoms

This study examined social problem solving and perfectionistic self-presentation, and assessed whether social problem solving mediates the association between perfectionism and depression. A sample of 200 community members completed measures of perfectionistic self-presentation, trait perfectionism, social problem-solving ability, and depression. Correlational analyses confirmed that perfectionistic selfpresentation and socially prescribed perfectionism are both associated with a negative problem-solving orientation. Tests of mediating effects revealed that negative problem-solving ability mediates the associations of socially prescribed perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation with depressive symptoms, particularly among women. The findings support further exploration of mediational models linking perfectionism, problem-solving ability, and depression and suggest that people who display high perfectionistic self-presentation are particularly vulnerable to stress and distress and should benefit from problem-solving training. jasp_653 2123.2157
Organocatalytic, Asymmetric [2+2+2] Annulation to Construct Six-Membered Spirocyclic Oxindoles with Six Continuous Stereogenic Centers

Lactols and cyclic hemiaminals were directly used in a one-pot organo/organo dual catalytic system induced [2+2+2] tandem reaction for the asymmetric construction of six-membered carbocycles. The enamine-based stereoselective Michael addition of lactols or cyclic hemiaminals to electron-deficient olefinic oxindole motifs provided chiral C4 components, which were further combined with triethylamine catalyzed Michael/Henry sequential reactions affording spirocyclic oxindole derivatives containing six continuous stereogenic centers with excellent enantioselectivities as a single diastereoisomer. All these desired products have versatile molecular complexity, which might have potential applications in synthetic organic chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry.
The relevance of specific language impairment in understanding the role of transfer in second language acquisition

The purpose of this study was to assess whether children with specific language impairment (SLI) are a useful first language (L1) comparison group for second language (L2) children in order to determine whether target-deviant structures in interlanguage are developmental or due to transfer from the L1. Children with SLI could make a useful comparison group for child L2 learners because, unlike very young L1 learners, children with SLI have both incomplete abilities in the target language and the same cognitive and mental maturity as their age mates acquiring an L2. We examined the use of direct object clitics by English-L1/French-L2 learners and monolingual French-speaking children with SLI. Transfer from English might be expected for object pronominalization in French L2 interlanguage because the two languages have contrastive systems for this aspect of grammar. The use of direct object clitics in contexts in spontaneous speech where object pronominalization would be permissible was examined. The results showed that both the L2 and SLI children supplied clitics in permissible contexts at the same rate (approximately 40%), which was lower than that of monolingual, normally developing French-speaking children who were either age-matched (7 years old) or language-matched according to mean length of utterance in words (3 years old) with the L2‐SLI children. Although there appeared to be some role of L1 transfer in the relative distribution of nonclitic object types in clitic-permissible contexts, the similarities between the SLI and L2 children suggest that target-deviant structures involving direct object pronominalization are a developmental phenomenon in child French across learner contexts. The results also suggest that for acquisition of some target-deviant structures, there can be greater similarities between L2 and SLI children than between L2 and younger L1 children. A long-standing question in investigations of interlanguage is whether targetdeviant structures can be attributed to transfer from the first language (L1), or instead are part of the developmental acquisition sequence for the target language, as evidenced by all learners of that language (e.g., Dulay & Burt, 1973, 1974). Even if target-deviant structures in the second language (L2) can logically be attributed to the L1, this does not necessarily mean that transfer is the source. How can we identify which target-deviant structures are due to transfer and which are developmental? Researchers have typically approached this question in two ways.
Office blood pressure measurements overestimate blood pressure control in renal transplant patients

ObjectiveAs hypertension is an important risk factor for renal allograft failure, we aimed to assess blood pressure control in renal transplant patients with deteriorating graft function using different methods of blood pressure measurements. MethodsForty-nine patients with a graft survival of >1 year, and with more than a two-fold increase in urinary albumin excretion, and/or an increase in serum creatinine level >20% during the previous 12 months, were included. Office blood pressure and home BP were measured, and ambulatory blood pressures were obtained in all patients. ResultsThe mean office blood pressure (133.2±16.3/81.7±9.6 mmHg) and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (133.1±12.0/79.8±8.3 mmHg) were similar. Home blood pressure in the morning (144.2±23.3/87.1±12.7 mmHg) and evening (143.2±20.6/86.4±10.3 mmHg) were significantly higher than ambulatory blood pressure (P<0.001 for both). Only 18% of the patients exhibited a reduction of ≥10% in systolic blood pressure during nighttime while 39% had an overt rise. Adequate blood pressure control was found in 53% of the patients using office blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg), contrasting 29% using home blood pressure (<135/85 mmHg), and 16% using mean 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (<125/80 mmHg). These findings were substantiated by the use of receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. ConclusionsUsing the 24-h blood pressure as a standard, home blood pressure was superior to office blood pressure in estimating blood pressure control in renal transplant patients. Nocturnal hypertension, however, was observed frequently, adding important clinical information about blood pressure control in this high-risk population.
Extraneuronal roles of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5

Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is recognized as an essential molecule in the brain, where it regulates several neuronal activities, including cytoskeletal remodeling and synaptic transmission. While activity of Cdk5 has primarily been associated with neurons, there are now substantial data indicating that the kinase's activity and function are more general. An increasing body of evidence has established Cdk5 kinase activity, the presence of the Cdk5 activators, p35 and p39, and Cdk5 functions in non‐neuronal cells, including myocytes, pancreatic β‐cells, monocytic and neutrophilic leucocytes, glial cells and germ cells. In this review, we present the diverse roles of Cdk5 in several extraneuronal paradigms. The unique properties of each of the different cell types appear to involve distinct means of Cdk5 regulation and function. The potential mechanisms through which Cdk5 regulates extraneuronal cell activities such as exocytosis, gene transcription, wound healing and senescence are discussed. BioEssays 28: 1023–1034, 2006. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gerimax ginseng regulates both humoral and cellular immunity during chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection.

BACKGROUND Chronic lung infection among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), diffused panbronchiolitis, and chronic obstructive bronchiecteisis is often because of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. High morbidity and mortality in patients with CF are because of P. aeuruginosa that undergoes genotypic and phenotypic changes during prolonged stay in the lung resulting in increased antibiotic resistance, necessitating a search for alternative or supplement drugs. OBJECTIVE In this study we compared the therapeutical effect of Gerimax (Dansk Droge A/S, Ishøj, Denmark) ginseng with placebo control by using a rat model of chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection mimicking that in patients with CF. METHODS AND INTERVENTIONS The animals were challenged intratracheally with the prototypic P. aeruginosa PAO1 in alginate beads (1 x 10(9) colony-forming units per milliliter [CFU/mL]) followed by subcutaneous injection of ginseng extract (150 mg/kg body weight once per day) and examined on days 7 and 21. RESULTS The day 7 analyses show that ginseng treatment resulted in lowering serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and lung interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels compared to the control group. On day 21, higher lung IgA, upregulated serum IgG2a, stronger lung responses of interferon-gamma, IL-4, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha with milder lung pathology and enhanced lung bacteriology were detected in the ginseng-treated group when compared to those of the control group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the Gerimax ginseng treatment can modulate the immune system in favor of clearing the infection with P. aeruginosa in the lungs of rats. Thus, ginseng might be a promising alternative supplement for the treatment of chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection in patients with CF.
The beat goes on: the effect of rhythm on reading aloud

ABSTRACT The central aim of this experiment was to explore the connection between rhythm and reading processes by examining whether reading aloud is affected by the presentation of a rhythmic prime that was either congruent or incongruent with the syllabic stress of the target letter string. The targets were words that placed the stress on either the first or second syllable (practice vs. police), as well as their corresponding pseudohomophones (PHs) (praktis vs. poleese). The results demonstrated that naming reaction times were faster for PHs when the rhythmic prime was congruent with the syllabic stress, and slower when the rhythmic prime was incongruent. These results are taken to suggest that PHs showed a larger effect given that they must be phonetically decoded. The congruency by stimulus type interaction suggests that their effects reflect at least one common stage of processing, namely grapheme to phoneme translation. In general, these results indicate that a rhythmic prime matched to the syllabic stress of a letter string that requires phonetic decoding aids sublexical reading processes, which has important implications for allowing models of reading to account for rhythm processes. The current paradigm may also reveal potential remedial applications for treating speech deficits in patient populations, such as Parkinson's disease, stuttering, aphasia, and dyslexia.
Joint Linear Processing for an Amplify-and-Forward MIMO Relay Channel with Imperfect Channel State Information

The problem of jointly optimizing the source precoder, relay transceiver, and destination equalizer has been considered in this paper for a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) amplify-and-forward (AF) relay channel, where the channel estimates of all links are assumed to be imperfect. The considered joint optimization problem is nonconvex and does not offer closed-form solutions. However, it has been shown that the optimization of one variable when others are fixed is a convex optimization problem which can be efficiently solved using interior-point algorithms. In this context, an iterative technique with the guaranteed convergence has been proposed for the AF MIMO relay channel that includes the direct link. It has been also shown that, for the double-hop relay case without the receive-side antenna correlations in each hop, the global optimality can be confirmed since the structures of the source precoder, relay transceiver, and destination equalizer have closed forms and the remaining joint power allocation can be solved using Geometric Programming (GP) technique under high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approximation. In the latter case, the performance of the iterative technique and the GP method has been compared with simulations to ensure that the iterative approach gives reasonably good solutions with an acceptable complexity. Moreover, simulation results verify the robustness of the proposed design when compared to the nonrobust design that assumes estimated channels as actual channels.
Morphological haplology in a constraint-based morpho-phonology

Several problems are still unresolved. The first problem concerns the universality of morphological haplology. Haplology, in one form or another, seems to occur in almost any language with enough morphology to create phonetically identical sequences. For example, in an impressive survey of cross-linguistic data, Dressler (1976) posits the strong universal constraint given in (3a), which is illustrated with two examples from German in (3b):
Too Much of a Good Thing: The Unique and Repeated Paths Toward Copper Adaptation

Copper is a micronutrient essential for growth due to its role as a cofactor in enzymes involved in respiration, defense against oxidative damage, and iron uptake. Yet too much of a good thing can be lethal, and yeast cells typically do not have tolerance to copper levels much beyond the concentration in their ancestral environment. Here, we report a short-term evolutionary study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to levels of copper sulfate that are inhibitory to the initial strain. We isolated and identified adaptive mutations soon after they arose, reducing the number of neutral mutations, to determine the first genetic steps that yeast take when adapting to copper. We analyzed 34 such strains through whole-genome sequencing and by assaying fitness within different environments; we also isolated a subset of mutations through tetrad analysis of four lines. We identified a multilayered evolutionary response. In total, 57 single base-pair mutations were identified across the 34 lines. In addition, gene amplification of the copper metallothionein protein, CUP1-1, was rampant, as was chromosomal aneuploidy. Four other genes received multiple, independent mutations in different lines (the vacuolar transporter genes VTC1 and VTC4; the plasma membrane H+-ATPase PMA1; and MAM3, a protein required for normal mitochondrial morphology). Analyses indicated that mutations in all four genes, as well as CUP1-1 copy number, contributed significantly to explaining variation in copper tolerance. Our study thus finds that evolution takes both common and less trodden pathways toward evolving tolerance to an essential, but highly toxic, micronutrient.
In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of Heteroaryl Isothiazolones against Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens

ABSTRACT The activities of several tricyclic heteroaryl isothiazolones (HITZs) against an assortment of gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates were assessed. These compounds target bacterial DNA replication and were found to possess broad-spectrum activities especially against gram-positive strains, including antibiotic-resistant staphylococci and streptococci. These included methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-nonsusceptible staphylococci, and quinolone-resistant strains. The HITZs were more active than the comparator antimicrobials in most cases. For gram-negative bacteria, the tested compounds were less active against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae but showed exceptional potencies against Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Neisseria spp. Good activity against several anaerobes, as well as Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, was also observed. Excellent bactericidal activity against staphylococci was observed in time-kill assays, with an approximately 3-log drop in the numbers of CFU/ml occurring after 4 h of exposure to compound. Postantibiotic effects (PAEs) of 2.0 and 1.7 h for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and MRSA strains, respectively, were observed, and these were similar to those seen with moxifloxacin at 10× MIC. In vivo efficacy was demonstrated in murine infections by using sepsis and thigh infection models. The 50% protective doses were ≤1 mg/kg of body weight against S. aureus in the sepsis model, while decreases in the numbers of CFU per thigh equal to or greater than those detected in animals treated with a standard dose of vancomycin were seen in the animals with thigh infections. Pharmacokinetic analyses of treated mice indicated exposures similar to those to ciprofloxacin at equivalent dose levels. These promising initial data suggest further study on the use of the HITZs as antibacterial agents.
Evaluating Methods of Updating Training Data in Long-Term Genomewide Selection

Genomewide selection is hailed for its ability to facilitate greater genetic gains per unit time. Over breeding cycles, the requisite linkage disequilibrium (LD) between quantitative trait loci and markers is expected to change as a result of recombination, selection, and drift, leading to a decay in prediction accuracy. Previous research has identified the need to update the training population using data that may capture new LD generated over breeding cycles; however, optimal methods of updating have not been explored. In a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding simulation experiment, we examined prediction accuracy and response to selection when updating the training population each cycle with the best predicted lines, the worst predicted lines, both the best and worst predicted lines, random lines, criterion-selected lines, or no lines. In the short term, we found that updating with the best predicted lines or the best and worst predicted lines resulted in high prediction accuracy and genetic gain, but in the long term, all methods (besides not updating) performed similarly. We also examined the impact of including all data in the training population or only the most recent data. Though patterns among update methods were similar, using a smaller but more recent training population provided a slight advantage in prediction accuracy and genetic gain. In an actual breeding program, a breeder might desire to gather phenotypic data on lines predicted to be the best, perhaps to evaluate possible cultivars. Therefore, our results suggest that an optimal method of updating the training population is also very practical.