Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus and Chlamydophila felis in clinically normal cats at a Korean animal shelter

The prevalence of feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), and Chlamydophila (C.) felis was studied in cats of an animal shelter in Korea. Total 78 cats without ocular and upper respiratory tract disease were examined. Specimens were obtained from ocular conjunctiva and oropharynx. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription PCR, three pathogens were simultaneously detected. In examined 78 cats, 49 (63%) cats were positive for FHV-1. However, all specimens were negative for C. felis and FCV. In conclusion, many cats recovered from FHV-1 infection remain subclinical carriers in shelter environment.
Effects of Omega-3 on Lipid Profile and Haematological Parameters in Hyperlipidemic Rats

Background: There is good evidence that omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil can help to prevent and treat atherosclerosis by preventing the development of plaque and blood clots. Omega-3 can also help prevent heart disease, lower blood pressure, and reduce the level of triglycerides in the blood. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the effects of different doses of omega-3, gemfibrozil and atorvastatin on lipid profile and haematological parameters in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: Forty eight rats were divided into two groups. The first groups included 18 rats’ they were subdivided into three subgroups each of 6 rats. The first subgroup served as a control. The second and third subgroups received omega-3 (15 mg/kg) and (30 mg/kg) orally (PO) daily respectively. The second group included 30 rats and received atherogenic diet throughout the treatment period and served as hyperlipidemic rats. The hyperlipidemic model rats were subdivided into five subgroups of six rats each. The first subgroup served as a positive control. The second and third subgroups received omega-3 (15 mg/kg) and (30 mg/kg) PO daily respectively. The fourth and fifth subgroups received gemfibrozil (3.5 mg/kg) PO daily and atorvastatin (2 mg/kg) PO daily respectively. At the end of treatment period of all these groups, the rats were subjected to various biochemical and hematological tests. Results: After four weeks of therapy, (30mg/kg) of omega-3 showed a significant reduction in the level of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in control rats, whereas (15mg/kg) omega-3 could only reduce the level of TC and LDL-C significantly. Four weeks of daily administration of both doses of omega-3 produced significant reduction in serum (TC, TG and LDL-C) of hyperlipidemic rats. However neither (15mg/kg) of omega-3 nor omega-3 (30mg/kg) could increase the level of high density lipoprotein HDL-C in the treated and non-treated hyperlipidemic rats. Both doses of omega-3 produced a significant increase in the level of HB, RBC and MCH in normal rats. The same doses of omega-3 showed a significant increase in the levels of hemoglobin (HB), red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (HTC) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in hyperlipidemic rats after 4 weeks of therapy. Following four weeks treatment with both gemfibrozile and atorvastatin there was a significant reduction in serum (TC, TG and LDL-C) and a significant rise in serum HDL-C in hyperlipidemic rats. Conclusion: Omega-3 was effective in controlling lipid profile especially serum (TC, TG and LDL-C). No significant differences were found between the effects of both doses omega-3 and gemfibrozile or atorvastatin on TC, TG, and LDL-C of hyperlipidemic rats. In contrast to omega-3, gemfibrozile and atorvastatin induced a significant raise in the level of HDL-C. Omega-3 was effective in increasing the levels of HB, RBC, HTC and MCH in hyperlipidemic rats.
Hyperbolic Planforms in Relation to Visual Edges and Textures Perception

We propose to use bifurcation theory and pattern formation as theoretical probes for various hypotheses about the neural organization of the brain. This allows us to make predictions about the kinds of patterns that should be observed in the activity of real brains through, e.g., optical imaging, and opens the door to the design of experiments to test these hypotheses. We study the specific problem of visual edges and textures perception and suggest that these features may be represented at the population level in the visual cortex as a specific second-order tensor, the structure tensor, perhaps within a hypercolumn. We then extend the classical ring model to this case and show that its natural framework is the non-Euclidean hyperbolic geometry. This brings in the beautiful structure of its group of isometries and certain of its subgroups which have a direct interpretation in terms of the organization of the neural populations that are assumed to encode the structure tensor. By studying the bifurcations of the solutions of the structure tensor equations, the analog of the classical Wilson and Cowan equations, under the assumption of invariance with respect to the action of these subgroups, we predict the appearance of characteristic patterns. These patterns can be described by what we call hyperbolic or H-planforms that are reminiscent of Euclidean planar waves and of the planforms that were used in previous work to account for some visual hallucinations. If these patterns could be observed through brain imaging techniques they would reveal the built-in or acquired invariance of the neural organization to the action of the corresponding subgroups.
Eye Movements , Strabismus , Amblyopia and Neuro-Ophthalmology A Novel Type of Multiterminal Motor Endplate in Human Extraocular Muscles

RESULTS. A novel type of motor endplate consisting of large, multiterminal en plaque endings was found in human EOMs, in addition to the previously well-described single en plaque and multiple en grappe endplates. Such novel endplates were abundant but exclusively observed in myofibers lacking MyHC slow and fast IIa but containing MyHC extraocular (MyHCeom), isoforms. Multiple en grappe endings were found only in myofibers containing MyHC slowtonic isoform and contained fetal c AChR subunit. Adult e and fetal c AChR subunits, alone or combined, were found in the multiterminal endplates. Distinct AChR subunits were present in adjacent motor endplates of a given myofiber containing MyHCeom.
Production , Manufacturing and Logistics The tree representation for the pickup and delivery traveling salesman problem with LIFO loading

The feasible solutions of the traveling salesman problem with pickup and delivery (TSPPD) are commonly represented by vertex lists. However, when the TSPPD is required to follow a policy that loading and unloading operations must be performed in a last-in-first-out (LIFO) manner, we show that its feasible solutions can be represented by trees. Consequently, we develop a novel variable neighborhood search (VNS) heuristic for the TSPPD with last-in-first-out loading (TSPPDL) involving several search operators based on the tree data structure. Extensive experiments suggest that our VNS heuristic is superior to the current best heuristics for the TSPPDL in terms of solution quality, while requiring no more computing time as the size of the problem increases. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Synthesis and Stoichiometry of Different Layered Sodium Cobalt Oxides

Layered Na–metal oxides can form in different crystal structures, each with different electrochemical behavior. As a prototype system to better understand how each phase can be formed, we present the conditions under which different layered phases of NaxCoO2 can be stabilized in solid-state synthesis. Using a novel combination of ex situ XRD on as-synthesized samples, with in situ XRD to monitor the relation between Na content and lattice parameters, we are able to construct a phase diagram of NaxCoO2 between 450 to 750 °C in air and for Na:Co sample ratios ranging from 0.60 to 1.05. Four single phase domains of O3, O′3, P′3, and P2 are revealed based on the XRD analysis. In contrast to previous reports it is found that pure O3, O′3 and P′3 phase can only form at a fixed stoichiometry of x = 1.00, 0.83, and 0.67, respectively, while the P2 phase forms in a slightly larger composition range from 0.68 to 0.76. Galvanostatic charging of O3–Na1.00CoO2 shows several flat and sloping regions on the voltage prof.
Breaking the ICE : Finding Multicollisions in Iterated Concatenated and Expanded (ICE) Hash Functions

The security of hash functions has recently become one of the hottest topics in the design and analysis of cryptographic primitives. Since almost all the hash functions used today (including the MD and SHA families) have an iterated design, it is important to study the general security properties of such functions. At Crypto 2004 Joux showed that in any iterated hash function it is relatively easy to find exponential sized multicollisions, and thus the concatenation of several hash functions does not increase their security. However, in his proof it was essential that each message block is used at most once. In 2005 Nandi and Stinson extended the technique to handle iterated hash functions in which each message block is used at most twice. In this paper we consider the general case and prove that even if we allow each iterated hash function to scan the input multiple times in an arbitrary expanded order, their concatenation is not stronger than a single function. Finally, we extend the result to tree-based hash functions with arbitrary tree structures.
Mid-Term Results of Metal-on-Metal Hip Resurfacing for Treatment of Osteoarthritis Secondary to Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Minimum of 8-Years of Follow-Up

Background Metal-on-metal resurfacing arthroplasty is an attractive alternative to conventional total hip arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The purpose of this study was to assess the mid-term clinical outcome and mid-term survivorship of Metal-on-metal resurfacing arthroplasty in patients suffering from osteoarthritis secondary to DDH. Material/Methods Between May 2003 and Dec. 2005, 15 operations using ASR™ and 19 using Corin were performed in 29 patients to treat advanced osteoarthritis secondary to DDHs. There were 6 males (20.7%) and 23 females (79.3%), with an average age of 47.2 years (range, 36–64 years). Clinical and radiographic results were observed. All patients were followed up at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months after surgery and annually thereafter. Results The overall survival was 88.2% at a minimum follow-up of 8 years, but the survival was 91.2% after excluding the infections as the cause of component loosening and failure. The mean Harris hip score improved from 48.27±3.13 (range, 14–71) to 89.63±3.42 (range, 65–100) at latest follow-up. The flexion was from 75.14±8.05° to 107.21±9.34. Only 4 failed because of deep infection, femoral neck fracture, and aseptic loosening. Conclusions Metal-on-metal resurfacing arthroplasty showed perfect results at a minimum of 8-years of follow-up in our study, and may be a reasonable option for osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).
Variational Bayesian Image Restoration Based on a Product of $t$-Distributions Image Prior

Image priors based on products have been recognized to offer many advantages because they allow simultaneous enforcement of multiple constraints. However, they are inconvenient for Bayesian inference because it is hard to find their normalization constant in closed form. In this paper, a new Bayesian algorithm is proposed for the image restoration problem that bypasses this difficulty. An image prior is defined by imposing Student-t densities on the outputs of local convolutional filters. A variational methodology, with a constrained expectation step, is used to infer the restored image. Numerical experiments are shown that compare this methodology to previous ones and demonstrate its advantages.
Basal Ganglionic Infarction Before Mechanical Thrombectomy Predicts Poor Outcome

Background and Purpose— Use of mechanical thrombectomy for acute cerebrovascular occlusions is increasing. Preintervention MRI patterns may be helpful in predicting prognosis. Methods— We reviewed all Merci thrombectomy cases of either terminal ICA or M1 occlusions and classified them according to diffusion MRI patterns of (1) completed basal ganglia infarct (pure M1a), (2) near-completed basal ganglia infarct (incomplete M1a), and (3) relative sparing of deep MCA field (M1b). We compared the M1a and M1b patients with respect to neurological deficit on presentation, recanalization rates, hospital length of stay, and disability on discharge. We also determined whether deep MCA compromise predicted hematomal hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and whether this correlated with worse clinical outcome at discharge. Results— The M1a group had worse pre-Merci NIHSS (21 versus 14, P=0.004), worse discharge NIHSS (12 versus 4, P<0.001), longer hospital length of stay (11.5 versus 6.4 days, P=0.003), and higher rates of discharge mRS ≥3 (OR 8.4, 95% CI 2.1 to 44.7) despite equivalent recanalization rates when compared to the M1b group. The M1a group had a higher rate of parenchymal hematomal HT (OR 6.7, 95% CI 1.02 to 183.3). Patients with such hematomal HT had higher rates of death or dependency discharge (100% versus 60%, OR=infinite). Conclusions— Among patients with ICA and M1 occlusions, preintervention diffusion MRI evidence of advanced injury in the basal ganglia bodes worse dysfunction and disability at discharge, longer hospital stays, and higher rates of hemorrhage after intervention when compared to other diffusion patterns.
Toward a model of text comprehension and production.

The semantic structure of texts can be described both at the local microlevel and at a more global macrolevel. A model for text comprehension based on this notion accounts for the formation of a coherent semantic text base in terms of a cyclical process constrained by limitations of working memory. Furthermore, the model includes macro-operators, whose purpose is to reduce the information in a text base to its gist, that is, the theoretical macrostructure. These operations are under the control of a schema, which is a theoretical formulation of the comprehender's goals. The macroprocesses are predictable only when the control schema can be made explicit. On the production side, the model is concerned with the generation of recall and summarization protocols. This process is partly reproductive and partly constructive, involving the inverse operation of the macro-operators. The model is applied to a paragraph from a psychological research report, and methods for the empirical testing of the model are developed.
Random fields of multivariate test statistics, with applications to shape analysis

Our data are random fields of multivariate Gaussian observations, and we fit a multivariate linear model with common design matrix at each point. We are interested in detecting those points where some of the coefficients are nonzero using classical multivariate statistics evaluated at each point. The problem is to find the P-value of the maximum of such a random field of test statistics. We approximate this by the expected Euler characteristic of the excursion set. Our main result is a very simple method for calculating this, which not only gives us the previous result of Cao and Worsley [Ann. Statist. 27 (1999) 925-942] for Hotelling's T 2 , but also random fields of Roy's maximum root, maximum canonical correlations [Ann. Appl. Probab. 9 (1999) 1021-1057], multilinear forms [Ann. Statist. 29 (2001) 328-371], x 2 [Statist. Probab. Lett 32 (1997) 367-376, Ann. Statist. 25 (1997) 2368-2387] and x 2 scale space [Adv. in Appl. Probab. 33 (2001) 773-793]. The trick involves approaching the problem from the point of view of Roy's union-intersection principle. The results are applied to a problem in shape analysis where we look for brain damage due to nonmissile trauma.
In vitro Bacterial Adherence to Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts

Bacterial adherence to medical devices has been recognized as an important initial step in the infectious process, but it has not been fully elucidated regarding ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively determine the adherence in vitroof bacteria known to cause VP shunt infections and to identify factors affecting the process. Clinical isolates studied included Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Adherence was examined quantitatively per square centimeter, visualized by electron microscopy and related to slime production and hydrophobicity. Although all four strains adhered to VP shunts, there were marked differences, with S. epidermidis and S. aureus showing the highest adherence (67.0 × 103 and 15.2 × 103 bacteria/cm2, respectively). Factors affecting adherence included incubation time and temperature, bacterial concentration, device material (lower for silicone than Teflon), slime production and hydrophobicity. These data might be helpful for devising novel strategies to reduce VP shunt infections.
The Accrual Anomaly: Risk or Mispricing?

We document considerable return comovement associated with accruals after controlling for other common factors. An accrual-based factor-mimicking portfolio has a Sharpe ratio of 0.16, higher than that of the market factor or the SMB and HML factors of Fama and French (1993). In time series regressions, a model that includes the Fama-French factors and the additional accrual factor captures the accrual anomaly in average returns. However, further time series and cross-sectional tests indicate that it is the accrual characteristic rather than the accrual factor loading that predicts returns. These findings favor a behavioral explanation for the accrual anomaly.
Hierarchical cellular automata as an on-chip test pattern generator

The paper introduces a new concept of hierarchical cellular automata (HCA) employed in the design of on-chip hierarchical test pattern generator (TPG). The theory of HCA is developed over the Galois extension field GF(2/sup p,q,r,./), where each cell can store a symbol in the extension field GF(2/sup p,q,r,./). In designing the TPG based on the hierarchical structure of GF(2/sup p,q,r,./) CA, we exploit the hierarchical structure of the circuit under test (CUT). A methodology to tune the extension field parameters p, q, r,. , has been proposed in the design of CATPG (CA based Test Pattern Generator). Availability of hierarchical description of the CUT leads to a better tuning of CATPG, which results in maximal fault coverage in a given CUT. The experimental results clearly establish the fact that-higher fault coverage is achieved with the hierarchical CA based TPG than that could be achieved with other structures, such as LFSR, phase-shift LFSR, GLFSR or GF(2) CA based TPGs.
THE EVOLUTION OF COMPLEX LIFE CYCLE PHENOMENA: AN ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

It seems reasonable to expect ecological theory to supply clear statements about the dominant forces which influence sequences of evolutionary change. This idea proceeds simply from the recognition that natural selection is identical with the interactions between organisms or populations and their secular environments. Such interactions determine probabilities of survival and reproduction as well as population size. This paper contains a theoretical treatment of the ecological and evolutionary exigencies imposed by a complex life cycle. For the purposes of this paper a complex life cycle is one which involves passage through two or more ecologically distinct phases. This means that there does not exist any overlap among the factors which limit abundance in each phase. Each phase thus has its own set of predator-prey, competitive, physical-environmental, and resource interactions. The following notation (adapted from Cole, 1954) will be convenient in designating important junctures in the life history of any species which exhibits two ecologically distinct life cycle phases:
A Visual Model For Blast Waves and Francture

The expense, danger, planning and precision required to create explosions suggests that the computational visual modelling of explosions is worthwhile. However, the short time scale at which explosions occur, and their sheer complexity, poses a difficult modelling challenge. After describing the basic phenomenology of explosion events, we present an efficient computational model of isotropic blast wave transport and an algorithm for fracturing objects in their wake. Our model is based on the notion of a blast curve that gives the force-loading profile of an explosive material on an object as a function of distance from the explosion’s centre. We also describe a technique for fracturing materials loaded by a blast. Our approach is based on the notion of rapid fracture: that microfractures in a material together with loading forces seed a fracturing process that quickly spreads across the material and causes it to fragment.
Dorsal striatum mediates cognitive control, not cognitive effort per se, in decision-making: An event-related fMRI study

Background and Purpose— Arteriopathy is the leading cause of childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Mechanisms are poorly understood but may include inherent abnormalities of arterial structure. Extracranial dissection is associated with connective tissue disorders in adult stroke. Focal cerebral arteriopathy is a common syndrome where pathophysiology is unknown but may include intracranial dissection or transient cerebral arteriopathy. We aimed to quantify cerebral arterial tortuosity in childhood arterial ischemic stroke, hypothesizing increased tortuosity in dissection. Methods— Children (1 month to 18 years) with arterial ischemic stroke were recruited within the Vascular Effects of Infection in Pediatric Stroke (VIPS) study with controls from the Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program. Objective, multi-investigator review defined diagnostic categories. A validated imaging software method calculated the mean arterial tortuosity of the major cerebral arteries using 3-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiographic source images. Tortuosity of unaffected vessels was compared between children with dissection, transient cerebral arteriopathy, meningitis, moyamoya, cardioembolic strokes, and controls (ANOVA and post hoc Tukey). Trauma-related versus spontaneous dissection was compared (Student t test). Results— One hundred fifteen children were studied (median, 6.8 years; 43% women). Age and sex were similar across groups. Tortuosity means and variances were consistent with validation studies. Tortuosity in controls (1.346±0.074; n=15) was comparable with moyamoya (1.324±0.038; n=15; P=0.998), meningitis (1.348±0.052; n=11; P=0.989), and cardioembolic (1.379±0.056; n=27; P=0.190) cases. Tortuosity was higher in both extracranial dissection (1.404±0.084; n=22; P=0.021) and transient cerebral arteriopathy (1.390±0.040; n=27; P=0.001) children. Tortuosity was not different between traumatic versus spontaneous dissections (P=0.70). Conclusions— In children with dissection and transient cerebral arteriopathy, cerebral arteries demonstrate increased tortuosity. Quantified arterial tortuosity may represent a clinically relevant imaging biomarker of vascular biology in pediatric stroke.