Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of Resonance Frequencies Recorded during Hydraulic Fracturing

The frequency content of continuous passive seismic recordings of hydraulic fracturing are sometimes used to gain information on the numerous microseismic events occurring during the fluid injection. In addition, resonance frequencies are frequently recorded as well. Resonances can be used in many ways due to their multiple origins possible. In every circumstance, all possible sources have to be reviewed to define their respective influence. We present two different experiments showing resonances with presumably different origins. For the first experiment, the low-frequency resonances (5-50 Hz) are only recorded by downhole geophones and broadband stations on the surface that are close to the injection well. For the second experiment, four resonances at 17, 35, 51 and 60 Hz are detected. The fluid injection being at approximately the same depth as the receivers, the path effect influence will be limited and the resonances coming from receiver effects are anticipated to be outside the frequency range of the observed resonances. A possible source would be the resonance of fluid-filled cracks. The size of a crack corresponding to a resonance of 17 Hz is calculated to be 17 m. These resonances would then correspond to mesoscale deformation of the reservoir.
TSV-Based 3-D ICs: Design Methods and Tools

Vertically integrated circuits (3-D ICs) may revitalize Moore’s law scaling which has slowed down in recent years. 3-D stacking is an emerging technology that stacks multiple dies vertically to achieve higher transistor density independent of device scaling. They provide high-density vertical interconnects, which can reduce interconnect power and delay. Moreover, 3-D ICs can integrate disparate circuit technologies into a single chip, thereby unlocking new system-on-chip architectures that do not exist in 2-D technology. While 3-D integration could bring new architectural opportunities and significant performance enhancement, new thermal, power delivery, signal integrity and reliability challenges emerge as power consumption grows, and device density increases. Moreover, the significant expansion of CPU design space in 3-D requires new architectural models and methodologies for design space exploration (DSE). New design tools and methods are required to address these 3-D-specific challenges. This keynote paper focuses on the state of the art, ongoing advances and future challenges of 3-D IC design tools and methods. The primary focus of this paper is TSV-based 3-D ICs, although we also discuss recent advances in monolithic 3-D ICs. The objective of this paper is to provide a unified perspective on the fundamental opportunities and challenges posed by 3-D ICs especially from the context of design tools and methods. We also discuss the methodology of co-design to address more complicated and interdependent design problems in 3-D IC, and conclude with a discussion of the remaining challenges and open problems that must be overcome to make 3-D IC technology commercially viable.
Lack of Association between Interleukin-12 Gene Polymorphisms and Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

1. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran 2. Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Orthodontic Department, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 4. Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 5. Nature of Gene Mutation Group (NGMG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran 6. Department of Endodontics, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 7. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 8. Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 9. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 10. Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 11. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA
Pain Catastrophizing in Patients with Noncardiac Chest Pain: Relationships With Pain, Anxiety, and Disability

Objective: To examine the contributions of chest pain, anxiety, and pain catastrophizing to disability in 97 patients with noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) and to test whether chest pain and anxiety were related indirectly to greater disability via pain catastrophizing. Methods: Participants completed daily diaries measuring chest pain for 7 days before completing measures of pain catastrophizing, trait anxiety, and disability. Linear path model analyses examined the contributions of chest pain, trait anxiety, and catastrophizing to physical disability, psychosocial disability, and disability in work, home, and recreational activities. Results: Path models accounted for a significant amount of the variability in disability scales (R2 = 0.35 to 0.52). Chest pain and anxiety accounted for 46% of the variance in pain catastrophizing. Both chest pain (β = 0.18, Sobel test Z = 2.58, p < .01) and trait anxiety (β = 0.14, Sobel test Z = 2.11, p < .05) demonstrated significant indirect relationships with physical disability via pain catastrophizing. Chest pain demonstrated a significant indirect relationship with psychosocial disability via pain catastrophizing (β = 0.12, Sobel test Z = 1.96, p = .05). After controlling for the effects of chest pain and anxiety, pain catastrophizing was no longer related to disability in work, home, and recreational activities. Conclusions: Chest pain and anxiety were directly related to greater disability and indirectly related to physical and psychosocial disability via pain catastrophizing. Efforts to improve functioning in patients with NCCP should consider addressing pain catastrophizing. NCCP = noncardiac chest pain.
Randomized controlled trial of video self-modeling following speech restructuring treatment for stuttering.

PURPOSE In this study, the authors investigated the efficacy of video self-modeling (VSM) following speech restructuring treatment to improve the maintenance of treatment effects. METHOD The design was an open-plan, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. Participants were 89 adults and adolescents who undertook intensive speech restructuring treatment. Post treatment, participants were randomly assigned to 2 trial arms: standard maintenance and standard maintenance plus VSM. Participants in the latter arm viewed stutter-free videos of themselves each day for 1 month. RESULTS The addition of VSM did not improve speech outcomes, as measured by percent syllables stuttered, at either 1 or 6 months postrandomization. However, at the latter assessment, self-rating of worst stuttering severity by the VSM group was 10% better than that of the control group, and satisfaction with speech fluency was 20% better. Quality of life was also better for the VSM group, which was mildly to moderately impaired compared with moderate impairment in the control group. CONCLUSIONS VSM intervention after treatment was associated with improvements in self-reported outcomes. The clinical implications of this finding are discussed.
An association of soluble CD40 ligand (CD154) with adverse reactions to platelet transfusions

BACKGROUND: Removal of stored supernatant abrogates most transfusion reactions to leukoreduced platelets (PLTs), suggesting that PLT‐derived soluble mediators are involved. PLTs are the primary source of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L). Engagement of the receptor for CD40L induces synthesis of proinflammatory mediators including interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1).
Online Contrastive Divergence with Generative Replay: Experience Replay without Storing Data

Conceived in the early 1990s, Experience Replay (ER) has been shown to be a successful mechanism to allow online learning algorithms to reuse past experiences. Traditionally, ER can be applied to all machine learning paradigms (i.e., unsupervised, supervised, and reinforcement learning). Recently, ER has contributed to improving the performance of deep reinforcement learning. Yet, its application to many practical settings is still limited by the memory requirements of ER, necessary to explicitly store previous observations. To remedy this issue, we explore a novel approach, Online Contrastive Divergence with Generative Replay (OCD_GR), which uses the generative capability of Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) instead of recorded past experiences. The RBM is trained online, and does not require the system to store any of the observed data points. We compare OCD_GR to ER on 9 real-world datasets, considering a worst-case scenario (data points arriving in sorted order) as well as a more realistic one (sequential random-order data points). Our results show that in 64.28% of the cases OCD_GR outperforms ER and in the remaining 35.72% it has an almost equal performance, while having a considerably reduced space complexity (i.e., memory usage) at a comparable time complexity.
Evaluation of the quality of an online geocoding resource in the context of a large Brazilian city

Geocoding urban addresses usually requires the use of an underlying address database. Under the influence of the format defined for TIGER files decades ago, most address databases and street geocoding algorithms are organized around street centerlines, associating numbering ranges to thoroughfare segments between two street crossings. While this method has been successfully employed in the USA for a long time, its transposition to other countries may lead to increased errors. This article presents an evaluation of the centerline‐geocoding resources provided by Google Maps, as compared to the point‐geocoding method used in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, which we took as a baseline. We generated a textual address for each point object found in the city's point‐based address database, and submitted it to the Google Maps geocoding API. We then compared the resulting coordinates with the ones recorded in Belo Horizonte's GIS. We demonstrate that the centerline segment interpolation method, employed by the online resources following the American practice, has problems that can considerably influence the quality of the geocoding outcome. Completeness and accuracy have been found to be irregular, especially within lower income areas. Such errors in online services can have a significant impact on geocoding efforts related to social applications, such as public health and education, since the online service can be faulty and error‐prone in the most socially demanding areas of the city. In the conclusion, we point out that a volunteered geographic information (VGI) approach can help with the enrichment and enhancement of current geocoding resources, and can possibly lead to their transformation into more reliable point‐based geocoding services.
Learners, learning and educational activity

1. Psychological and Social Perspectives on Learning and Development 2. Becoming Proficient 3. Consciousness and Control 4. Cultural Perspectives on Learning and Thinking 5. Learning Up Close 6. Exploring Connections between Individual and Culture at Home and at School 7. Individual and Social Perspectives Reconsidered
Contribution of NADPH Oxidase to Membrane CD38 Internalization and Activation in Coronary Arterial Myocytes

The CD38-ADP-ribosylcyclase-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathway importantly contributes to the vasomotor response in different arteries. Although there is evidence indicating that the activation of CD38-ADP-ribosylcyclase is associated with CD38 internalization, the molecular mechanism mediating CD38 internalization and consequent activation in response to a variety of physiological and pathological stimuli remains poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that CD38 may sense redox signals and is thereby activated to produce cellular response and that the NADPH oxidase isoform, NOX1, is a major resource to produce superoxide (O2 ·−) in coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs) in response to muscarinic receptor agonist, which uses CD38-ADP-ribosylcyclase signaling pathway to exert its action in these CAMs. These findings led us hypothesize that NOX1-derived O2 ·− serves in an autocrine fashion to enhance CD38 internalization, leading to redox activation of CD38-ADP-ribosylcyclase activity in mouse CAMs. To test this hypothesis, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and a membrane protein biotinylation assay were used in the present study. We first demonstrated that CD38 internalization induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1) was inhibited by silencing of NOX1 gene, but not NOX4 gene. Correspondingly, NOX1 gene silencing abolished ET-1-induced O2 ·− production and increased CD38-ADP-ribosylcyclase activity in CAMs, while activation of NOX1 by overexpression of Rac1 or Vav2 or administration of exogenous O2 ·− significantly increased CD38 internalization in CAMs. Lastly, ET-1 was found to markedly increase membrane raft clustering as shown by increased colocalization of cholera toxin-B with CD38 and NOX1. Taken together, these results provide direct evidence that Rac1-NOX1-dependent O2 ·− production mediates CD38 internalization in CAMs, which may represent an important mechanism linking receptor activation with CD38 activity in these cells.
Learning internal representations

Probably the most important problem in machine learning is the preliminary biasing of a learner's hypothesis space so that it is small enough to ensure good generalisation from reasonable training sets, yet large enough that it contains a good solution to the problem being learnt. In this paper a mechanism for {\em automatically} learning or biasing the learner's hypothesis space is introduced. It works by first learning an appropriate {\em internal representation} for a learning environment and then using that representation to bias the learner's hypothesis space for the learning of future tasks drawn from the same environment. An internal representation must be learnt by sampling from {\em many similar tasks}, not just a single task as occurs in ordinary machine learning. It is proved that the number of examples $m$ {\em per task} required to ensure good generalisation from a representation learner obeys $m = O(a+b/n)$ where $n$ is the number of tasks being learnt and $a$ and $b$ are constants. If the tasks are learnt independently ({\em i.e.} without a common representation) then $m=O(a+b)$. It is argued that for learning environments such as speech and character recognition $b\gg a$ and hence representation learning in these environments can potentially yield a drastic reduction in the number of examples required per task. It is also proved that if $n = O(b)$ (with $m=O(a+b/n)$) then the representation learnt will be good for learning novel tasks from the same environment, and that the number of examples required to generalise well on a novel task will be reduced to $O(a)$ (as opposed to $O(a+b)$ if no representation is used). It is shown that gradient descent can be used to train neural network representations and experiment results are reported providing strong qualitative support for the theoretical results.
A tale of two volatilities

We show that there are two distinct ways to make volatility stochastic that are differentiated by their consequences for skewness. Most models in the literature have adopted the relatively tractable methodology of using stochastic time changes to engineer stochastic volatility. Unfortunately, this is also the one that can conflict with the relationship occasionally observed in markets between volatility and skewness. Research enhancing the tractability of the second approach to stochastic volatility based on scaling is called for.
Tight junction structure and ZO-1 content are identical in two strains of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells which differ in transepithelial resistance

The relationship of tight junction permeability to junction structure and composition was examined using two strains of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells (I and II) which differ greater than 30-fold in transepithelial resistance. This parameter is largely determined by paracellular, and hence junctional, permeability under most conditions. When these two strains of cells were grown on permeable filter supports, they formed monolayers with equivalent linear amounts of junction/area of monolayer. Ultrastructural analysis of these monolayers by thin section EM revealed no differences in overall cellular morphology or in tight junction organization. Morphometric analysis of freeze-fractured preparations indicated that the tight junctions of these two cell strains were similar in both number and density of junctional fibrils. Prediction of transepithelial resistance for the two strains from this freeze-fracture data and a published structure-function formulation (Claude, P. 1978, J. Memb. Biol. 39:219-232) yielded values (I = 26.5 omega/cm2, II = 35.7 omega/cm2) that were significantly lower than those observed (I = 2,500-5,000 omega/cm2, II = 50-70 omega/cm2). Consistent with these structural studies, a comparison of the distribution and cellular content of ZO-1, a polypeptide localized exclusively to the tight junction, revealed no significant differences in either the localization of ZO-1 or the amount of ZO-1 per micron of junction (I = 1,415 +/- 101 molecules/micron, II = 1,514 +/- 215 molecules/micron).
A Qualitative Study of Middle Eastern/Arab American Sexual Identity Development

The development of one’s sexual minority identity is a major part of sexual minority persons’ lives, but unfortunately one that is often stunted by a heterosexist society. For individuals with multiple minority oppressions, the formation of a sexual minority identity becomes even more complicated. As such, there has been a call among researchers for more empirical research on the experiences of LGB individuals from racial/ethnic minority groups. The present study uses qualitative methods to fill some of the gaps in the literature related to identity development among same-gender attracted Middle Eastern/Arab individuals living in the United States (US). From 12 interviews, thirteen themes associated with the following issues emerged: intersectionality, race/ethnicity, sexual identity development, discrimination, stigma, oppression, sexual orientation disclosure, and invisibility. Themes, subthemes, and their implications are discussed.
Multichannel Carbon-Nanotube FETs and Complementary Logic Gates With Nanowelded Contacts

A high-performance multichannel carbon-nanotube field-effect transistor (MC-CNTFET) has been built by applying an array of parallel nanowelded single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as the channels. The SWCNT channel array with good directional and spatial control was obtained by the ac electric-field alignment of SWCNTs on a specially designed electrode. An ultrasonic nanowelding technique was utilized to achieve the reliable and highly transparent contacts between SWCNT channels and electrodes. Both p- and n-MC-CNTFETs fabricated exhibit high performance. Key transistor performance parameters, transconductance and carrier mobility reach 50.2 muS and 7160 cm2 middotV-1middots-1 for p-MC-CNTFETs, and 36.5 muS and 5311 cm2middotV-1middots-1 for n-MC-CNTFETs, respectively. Using the authors' techniques, complementary inverters with a high gain of up to 31.2 have also been demonstrated
The effectiveness of a toothpaste containing triclosan and polyvinyl-methyl ether maleic acid copolymer in improving plaque control and gingival health: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of triclosan/copolymer and fluoride dentifrices in improving plaque control and gingival health. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE (1986 to March 2003) and EMBASE (1986 to March 2003). Personal files and the reference lists of all articles were checked for further studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Trials were selected if they met the following criteria: random allocation of participants; participants were adults with plaque and gingivitis; unsupervised use of dentifrices for at least 6 months; and primary outcomes - plaque and gingivitis after 6 months. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently extracted information. For each plaque and gingivitis index, the mean differences for each study were pooled as weighted mean differences (WMDs) with the appropriate 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the random effect models. MAIN RESULTS Sixteen trials provided data for the meta-analysis. The triclosan/copolymer dentifrice significantly improved plaque control compared with a fluoride dentifrice, with a WMD of -0.48 (95% CI: -0.64 to -0.32) for the Quigley-Hein index and WMD of -0.15 (95% CI: -0.20 to -0.09) for the plaque severity index. When compared with a fluoride dentifrice, the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice significantly reduced gingivitis with WMDs -0.26 (95% CI: -0.34 to -0.18) and -0.12 (95% CI: -0.17 to -0.08) for the Loe and Silness index and gingivitis severity index, respectively.
Integrated survival analysis using an event-time approach in a Bayesian framework

Event-time or continuous-time statistical approaches have been applied throughout the biostatistical literature and have led to numerous scientific advances. However, these techniques have traditionally relied on knowing failure times. This has limited application of these analyses, particularly, within the ecological field where fates of marked animals may be unknown. To address these limitations, we developed an integrated approach within a Bayesian framework to estimate hazard rates in the face of unknown fates. We combine failure/survival times from individuals whose fates are known and times of which are interval-censored with information from those whose fates are unknown, and model the process of detecting animals with unknown fates. This provides the foundation for our integrated model and permits necessary parameter estimation. We provide the Bayesian model, its derivation, and use simulation techniques to investigate the properties and performance of our approach under several scenarios. Lastly, we apply our estimation technique using a piece-wise constant hazard function to investigate the effects of year, age, chick size and sex, sex of the tending adult, and nesting habitat on mortality hazard rates of the endangered mountain plover (Charadrius montanus) chicks. Traditional models were inappropriate for this analysis because fates of some individual chicks were unknown due to failed radio transmitters. Simulations revealed biases of posterior mean estimates were minimal (≤ 4.95%), and posterior distributions behaved as expected with RMSE of the estimates decreasing as sample sizes, detection probability, and survival increased. We determined mortality hazard rates for plover chicks were highest at <5 days old and were lower for chicks with larger birth weights and/or whose nest was within agricultural habitats. Based on its performance, our approach greatly expands the range of problems for which event-time analyses can be used by eliminating the need for having completely known fate data.