Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The cognitive interview: A survey of its forensic effectiveness

Abstract The cognitive interview has been shown to have the potential to enhance witness recall. Consequently, it has been adopted by all police forces in England and Wales. The present paper surveyed 96 police officers trained in the cognitive interview and 65 untrained police officers, using a questionnaire. Officers rated how frequently they used and how useful they found components of the cognitive interview. Trained officers were significantly more likely to use instructions to mentally reinstate context, use different orders, change perspectives and imagery. Amongst trained officers there was a consensus that some components of the cognitive interview were used more frequently and were believed to be more useful than others. Rated as most useful and most frequently used were establish rapport, report everything, encourage concentration, witness compatible questioning, and mental reinstatement of context. Rated as less useful and less frequently used were recall in different orders, imagery, change p.
Moving beyond the “what is and who” of sport tourism to understanding “why”

In the US, most graduate students of sport, leisure and or tourism are likely to have been exposed to the research methods text the practice of social research authored by Earl Babbie. Babbie (1995) writes of three general purposes of research: a) exploration – the purpose of these studies is to investigate new topics and or to pilot methods that will be used in larger investigations; b) description – here the purpose is to generate knowledge about the patterns and trends of the topic under investigation; and c) explanation – here the purpose of an investigation is to explain the phenomenon being studied. Babbie suggests that a particular study can have one or two of these purposes, but they can also be viewed as hierarchical in that they are related to the amount of information we know about a particular subject. This sort of discussion has featured quite prominently in sport, tourism and leisure studies. All of these fields have amassed enough knowledge to theorize rather than continue to describe a particular phenomenon. Indeed, in some cases scholars have suggested that these disciplines should be working towards developing their own theories (e.g., Dann & Cohen, 1991; Kelly, 2000). Over the last twenty years, although particularly since the mid 1990s, researchers have turned their attention to the study of sport tourism. There have been various discussions as to what is sport tourism, in other words definitions (e.g., Gammon & Robinson, 1997/2003; Gibson, 1998a & 1998b; Hall, 1992; Hinch & Higham, 2001a; Standeven & DeKnop, 1999) and also papers that have provided descriptions of the phenomenon (e.g., De Knop, 1990; Gibson, 1998b; Hall 1992; Redmond, 1991). Certainly, relating the development of sport tourism research and practice back to Babbie’s ideas, there was a need to conduct exploratory and descriptive work. My argument in this paper is not to suggest a complete moratorium on this type of work, as there are many aspects of sport tourism that would benefit from exploration and description. However, if we continue to progress in our investigations and knowledge, then I suggest that it is time to move into the realm of explanation. I am not alone in this conviction, in conversations with other sport tourism scholars they have
Using a Self-Management Intervention to Increase Compliance in Children With ASD

This two-study series examined the effectiveness of self-management in increase compliance with parental requests. Three boys diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder and their parents participated. The intervention involved self-monitoring combined with parent-delivered reinforcement. A multiple baseline design was used. The intervention was successful in increasing rates of compliance and reducing problem behavior in training and generalization settings with each participant. Social validity was high and treatment integrity data indicated that the intervention could be readily implemented by parents. Study 2 also provided evidence of a strong treatment effect for the self-management beyond a small effect for effective instructional delivery.
A Perfusion MRI Study of Emotional Valence and Arousal in Parkinson's Disease

Background. Brain regions subserving emotion have mostly been studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during emotion provocation procedures in healthy participants. Objective. To identify neuroanatomical regions associated with spontaneous changes in emotional state over time. Methods. Self-rated emotional valence and arousal scores, and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measured by perfusion MRI, were measured 4 or 8 times spanning at least 2 weeks in each of 21 subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). A random-effects SPM analysis, corrected for multiple comparisons, identified significant clusters of contiguous voxels in which rCBF varied with valence or arousal. Results. Emotional valence correlated positively with rCBF in several brain regions, including medial globus pallidus, orbital prefrontal cortex (PFC), and white matter near putamen, thalamus, insula, and medial PFC. Valence correlated negatively with rCBF in striatum, subgenual cingulate cortex, ventrolateral PFC, and precuneus—posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Arousal correlated positively with rCBF in clusters including claustrum-thalamus-ventral striatum and inferior parietal lobule and correlated negatively in clusters including posterior insula—mediodorsal thalamus and midbrain. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that the temporal stability of perfusion MRI allows within-subject investigations of spontaneous fluctuations in mental state, such as mood, over relatively long-time intervals.
The Photographic Assemblage: Duration, History and Photography in Papua New Guinea

For Biangai speakers of Papua New Guinea, photography and its images first appear during early colonial contact in the 1920s and spread relatively rapidly through the boom of gold mining and expansion of colonial control. For Biangai speakers, agentive qualities are dispersed throughout an active landscape. Thus, flora and fauna can be viewed as active forces, indexing the otherworldly agencies of spiritual beings. Photographs and the photographic practice complicate these agencies as image relations coincide with other object relations. Gell viewed the photographic subjects as a “pure” case of the social agent influencing the image or index; but when the photograph captures another active and coexisting object‐relation in its image, each with its own unique intentionality, agency is further dispersed. This paper will explore this multilayering of social agencies resulting from Biangai photographic practices, consider both historical photos taken of Biangai and contemporary photos taken by Biangai.
DC algorithm for solving the transformed affine matrix rank minimization

In this paper, a continuous promoting low-rank non-convex fraction function $$P(X)=\sum_{i=1}^{m}\rho_{a}(\sigma_{i}(X))=\sum_{i=1}^{m}\frac{a\sigma_{i}(X)}{a\sigma_{i}(X)+1}$$ is studied to replace the $\mathrm{rank}(X)$ for the NP-hard affine matrix rank minimization problem, and affine matrix rank minimization problem be translated into the transformed affine matrix rank minimization problem. Firstly, we discuss the equivalence of the affine matrix rank minimization problem and the transformed affine matrix rank minimization problem. It is proved that the uniqueness of global minimizer of the transformed affine matrix rank minimization problem also solves the affine matrix rank minimization problem if the linear map $\mathcal{A}$ satisfies a restricted isometry property and if $1 0$ depends only on the $r$-restricted isometry constant $\delta_{r}(\mathcal{A})$ of linear map $\mathcal{A}$. Secondly, the DC algorithm is proposed to s olve the regularization transformed affine matrix rank minimization problem. Numerical experiments on image inpainting problem show that our method performs better in finding a low rank image.
FORENSIC COLLAPSE INVESTIGATION OF A CONCRETE BRIDGE WITH TIMBER PIERS Prepared

The bridge consisted of three 42 feet precast prestressed concrete deck beams simply-supported by concrete pile caps with a timber pile foundation. Assessment based on site investigation, in situ readings, and analysis indicated that a geotechnical or superstructure failure may be ruled out. Samples of the oak timber piles were retrieved and tested under pure compression as well as combined compression and flexure. Laboratory testing results of these specimens were used to calibrate an analytical model of a full-scale single timber pile. The analytical model considered both symmetrical and unsymmetrical loading of the bridge. The results of the analytical model were used to determine the required live load to initiate collapse. The results of the investigation indicate that structural overload, leading to fracturing of the timber piles in combined compression and flexure, is the likely reason for the bridge failure. The contents of this report reflect the view of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Illinois Center for Transportation, the Illinois Department of Transportation, or the Federal Highway Administration. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Trademark or manufacturers' names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the object of this document and do not constitute an endorsement of product by the Federal Highway Administration, the Illinois Department of Transportation, or the Illinois Center for Transportation. The bridge consisted of three 42 feet precast prestressed concrete deck beams simply-supported by concrete pile caps with a timber pile foundation. Assessment based on site investigation, in situ readings, and analysis indicated that a geotechnical or superstructure failure may be ruled out. Six specimens retrieved from the site and tested under pure compression exhibited capacity greatly exceeding the design capacity of the piles. Two specimens, tested with a modest eccentricity, showed a 60 percent reduction in the capacity compared to that of concentrically loaded specimens. These tests illustrated that the bent capacity is sensitive to eccentric loading, which could occur when only a single span of the bridge is loaded. An analytical model of a single pile was created to determine the capacity of the pile under concentric and eccentric loading. The material properties used in the model were calibrated based on the response of the experimental testing. The structure-soil interaction was represented …
PUBLIC OPINION ON ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION: A TEST OF SEVEN CORE HYPOTHESES

ABSTRACT Recently, the United States has witnessed massive numbers of illegal immigrants who have entered the country. As a result, illegal immigration issues have begun to enter the political arena as a substantive policy concern for national and state legislators. The issue of illegal immigration has also emerged as a policy concern for practitioners in the criminal justice system as legislators have increasingly attempted to further criminalize illegal immigration and use criminal justice resources to respond to these concerns. Thus, public opinion toward controlling illegal immigration and illegal immigrants has become or substantive interests for policy-makers and practitioners. This research used the 2004 National Election Study data to test seven core hypotheses (the economic threat hypothesis; the culture threat hypothesis; the core American values hypothesis; the culture affinity hypothesis; the racial/ethnic affect hypothesis; the contact hypothesis; and the group threat hypothesis) concerning public opinion toward illegal immigration. The study found support for the economic threat hypothesis, the core American values hypothesis, the race/ethnic affect hypothesis, and the contact hypothesis. But the data also suggested that a more nuanced understanding of public opinion is needed that distinguishes between views about policy to control illegal immigration and affective evaluation of illegal immigrants as a population. Implications for the criminal justice system are discussed
Reading minds versus following rules: Dissociating theory of mind and executive control in the brain

Abstract The false belief task commonly used in the study of theory of mind (ToM) requires participants to select among competing responses and inhibit prepotent responses, giving rise to three possibilities: (1) the false belief tasks might require only executive function abilities and there may be no domain-specific component; (2) executive control might be necessary for the emergence of ToM in development but play no role in adult mental state inferences; and (3) executive control and domain-specific ToM abilities might both be implicated. We used fMRI in healthy adults to dissociate these possibilities. We found that non-overlapping brain regions were implicated selectively in response selection and belief attribution, that belief attribution tasks recruit brain regions associated with response selection as much as well-matched control tasks, and that regions associated with ToM (e.g., the right temporo-parietal junction) were implicated only in the belief attribution tasks. These results suggest that both domain-general and domain-specific cognitive resources are involved in adult ToM.
On Gravity Correction for Training and Rehabilitation Lower Limbs Machine

During a training or rehabilitation session on an isokinetic machine for lower limbs also known as dynamometer, it's necessary to know the real muscular effort by compensating the gravity or undesirable dynamic effects. Thus, the aim of this work is to give a theoretical study and experimentally evaluation of two gravity correction methods. We'll then discuss the advantages and drawbacks of each method and give new trends to follow in this domain
Interactions Between Eighteen-Month-Olds and Their Preschool-aged Siblings.

LAMB, MICHAEL E. Interactions between Eighteen-Month-Olds and Their Preschool-aged Siblings. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1978, 49, 51-59. 24 infants were observed interacting with their preschool-aged siblings in a large laboratory playroom. Analyses revealed that both infants and older siblings interacted preferentially with parents rather than with one another and that there was more parent-child and sibling-infant interaction when only 1 parent was present than when both were present. Younger siblings paid much more attention to the whereabouts and activities of the older children and were more likely to imitate their behavior or take over their toys than the reverse. The older children were more likely to offer toys and vocalize to their siblings than were the infants. It is suggested that siblings (like peers) may facilitate mastery of the object environment. There were no sex differences.
Young people and the royal Ulster constabulary: A survey of inter‐communal attitudes

This paper forms part of a broader ESRC‐funded study into the relationship between young people, victimisation and policing in Northern Ireland. The findings reported here suggest that attitudes towards the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) are highly schismatic. The data showed no major differences between the attitudes of nationalists and republicans, suggesting a higher level of intra‐communal antagonism to the RUC that has previously been assumed. Additionally, people's engagement with the police appears to be based as much on ideological and normative factors, as it is on experiential factors. Overall, these findings suggest that police reforms limited to the enhancement of RUC professionalism may not be sufficient to improve relations between the RUC and the broad Catholic/nationalist community.
IMMIGRATION AND THE RECENT VIOLENT CRIME DROP IN THE UNITED STATES: A POOLED, CROSS‐SECTIONAL TIME‐SERIES ANALYSIS OF METROPOLITAN AREAS*

A good deal of research in recent years has revisited the relationship between immigration and violent crime. Various scholars have suggested that, contrary to the claims of the classic Chicago School, large immigrant populations might be associated with lower rather than higher rates of criminal violence. A limitation of the research in this area is that it has been based largely on cross-sectional analyses for a restricted range of geographic areas. Using time-series techniques and annual data for metropolitan areas over the 1994–2004 period, we assess the impact of changes in immigration on changes in violent crime rates. The findings of multivariate analyses indicate that violent crime rates tended to decrease as metropolitan areas experienced gains in their concentration of immigrants. This inverse relationship is especially robust for the offense of robbery. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that the broad reductions in violent crime during recent years are partially attributable to increases in immigration.
DIURNAL VARIATION OF SERUM IRON IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

The diurnal variation of serum iron found in healthy adults was evaluated in two groups of children of different ages. No variation was found in 12 children aged 2 weeks to 20 months. In contrast, there was a significant variation of the per cent relative change of serum iron from a. m. to p. m. for a group of 12 children from 3 to 14 years of age. These results support the evidence for the late appearance of a biological “clock” in children.
The East Asian Peace as a Second-Order Diffusion Effect

While East Asia is often cited as a region at high risk of interstate military conflict, it has remained free of major hostilities since the 1979 Sino-Vietnamese war. In this article, I propose a second-order diffusion dynamic to help explain this East Asian peace. It is based on the stimulus event of China's shift in political-economic models that began in 1978. While the “flying geese” diffusion of open trading and developmental state policies in East Asia began earlier, China's shift contributed to dramatic region-wide change in a key variable: the volume of trade flows. Intraregional trade interdependence did not increase greatly because strong economic growth accompanied increased intraregional trade flows. Rather than interdependence, my argument focuses on the utility of high volumes of trade for interstate crisis signaling to avoid escalation to war. The first-order diffusion of trade-based strategies, I argue, had second-order effects on international relations in East Asia. While China was not the first adopter, diffusion of liberalization to this large, developing economy increased regional trade flows directly and indirectly via increased competitive pressures. The resulting higher flows of intraregional trade then inhibited the escalation of interstate conflicts. Statistical analyses support my contentions while controlling for a number of other plausible contributing factors.
Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) Revisited: Using Time-Limited Phase Shaping Pulses

Conventional CPM signals employ information sequence with time-unlimited phase shaping pulse (PSP) to achieve power and bandwidth efficient transmission. On the contrary, information sequence using time-limited PSP was believed to produce power-wasting data-independent discrete spectral lines in CPM spectra, and was suggested to be avoided. In this paper, we revisit this problem and adopt the time-limited PSP to replace the one with time-unlimited, it turns out to have an alternative solution to the CPM scheme. We first modify the spectral computing formula for the CPM with time-limited PSP (or CPM-TL) from conventional CPM formula and show that the discrete spectral lines appeared in the power density spectrum of CPM-TL signals can be diminished or become negligible by appropriately choosing PSP. We also show that this class of CPM can use any real number modulation index (h) and the resultant trellis structure of CPM guarantees the maximum constraint length allowed by the number of states in the MLSD receiver. Finally, the energy-bandwidth performance of CPM using time-limited PSP is investigated and compared with conventional CPM with time-unlimited PSP. From numerical results we show that, under the same number of states in the MLSD receiver and bandwidth occupancy, this subclass of CPM could outperform the conventional CPM up to 6 dB coding gain, for h < 1, in many cases. key words: continuous phase modulation, time-limited phase shaping pulse, power spectrum, euclidean distance, constraint length, continuous phase encoder
On Some Psychometric Properties of Fiedler's Contingency Model of Leadership

Afactor analysis of Fiedler's Least Preferred Co- Worker (LPC) Scale and measure of situational control produced eight factors: (1) emotional stability, (2) dependability and surgency in the LPC, (3) leader/member relations, (4) goal clarity, (5) decision verifiability, (6) solution multiplicity, (7) training and experience, and (8) power of sanction in the situational control measure. Several factors failed to demonstrate internal consistency upon replication. It is argued that the LPC and situational control measure are more complex than generally assumed. Further attention to the operational measurement of Fiedler's constructs is suggested as an initial first step toward testing the Contingency Model of Leadership.
Playing the assessment game: an English early childhood education perspective

Assessment and the documentation of learning is an international issue in early childhood education (ECE) and has increasingly become a way for governments to exercise direct control over the practitioners working with young children. This paper details recent statutory guidance about assessment and documentation for English ECE settings and deconstructs the latest English ECE policies, highlighting that these often give contradictory messages to practitioners. It suggests that practitioners are caught up in playing a game: trying to make compatible assessment practices that address both the scientific discourse of empiricism and a more recent internationally influenced sociocultural discourse, as outlined by Soler and Miller. However, we concede that it is unrealistic to reproduce practices that have deeply culturally embedded significance elsewhere. The paper therefore outlines key challenges for English practitioners: how to use documentation as a generative assessment tool and how to make assessment more collaborative. We suggest that addressing these issues through building pedagogical knowledge could enable practitioners to develop greater confidence when playing the assessment game.