Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Augmentation Therapy With Serial Intravenous Ketamine Over 18 Months in a Patient With Treatment Resistant Depression.

Major depressive disorder is a severe illness that affects 3% to 7% of adults annually in the United States. About 30% of these individuals are refractory to multiple treatment trials. Recent reports have found a significant and almost immediate improvement in depressive symptoms after single or multiple ketamine intravenous infusions (IVIs) in such patients. We present the case of A.B. , a patient with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) including to subgenual deep brain stimulation, who went into remission after augmentation with 6 ketamine IVIs (0.5 mg/kg) over a 3-week period. However, she had a reemergence of depressive symptoms 4 months later and received a second series of 3 ketamine IVIs over the course of a week. A.B. again went into remission and maintained this for the next 8 months. At this time, she experienced a reemergence of depressive symptoms and was treated with the third series of ketamine IVIs (3 infusions over the course of a week). Because A.B. has now been in remission for 6 months. A.B. has received a total of 12 ketamine IVIs over the course of 18 months. No significant adverse events have occurred. To our knowledge, this is the first case of long-term ketamine efficacy as augmentation therapy in TRD over the course of 18 months. There is a need for studies examining the long-term management of TRD with IV ketamine. Guidelines for maintenance ketamine IVIs in TRD also need to be developed.
The cost-effectiveness of ivermectin vs. albendazole in the presumptive treatment of strongyloidiasis in immigrants to the United States

The presumptive treatment of parasitosis among immigrants with albendazole has been shown to save both money and lives, primarily via a reduction in the burden of Strongyloides stercoralis. Ivermectin is more effective than albendazole, but is also more expensive. This coupled with confusion surrounding the cost-effectiveness of guiding therapy based on eosinophil counts has led to disparate practices. We used the newly arrived year 2000 immigrant population as a hypothetical cohort in a decision analysis model to examine the cost-effectiveness of various interventions to reduce parasitosis among immigrants. When the prevalence of S. stercoralis is greater than 2%, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of all presumptive treatment strategies were similar. Ivermectin is associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $1700 per QALY gained for treatment with 12 mg ivermectin relative to 5 days of albendazole when the prevalence is 10%. Any presumptive treatment strategy is cost-effective when compared with most common medical interventions.
Outcome of cerebral arteriovenous malformations after linear accelerator reirradiation

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients undergoing single-dose reirradiation using the Linear Accelerator (LINAC) for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Methods: A retrospective study of 37 patients with brain AVM undergoing LINAC reirradiation between April 2003 and November 2011 was carried out. Patient characteristics, for example, gender, age, use of medications, and comorbidities; disease characteristics, for example, Spetzler–Martin grading system, location, volume, modified Pollock–Flickinger score; and treatment characteristics, for example, embolization, prescription dose, radiation dose–volume curves, and conformity index were analyzed. During the follow-up period, imaging studies were performed to evaluate changes after treatment and AVM cure. Complications, such as edema, rupture of the blood–brain barrier, and radionecrosis were classified as symptomatic and asymptomatic. Results: Twenty-seven patients underwent angiogram after reirradiation and the percentage of angiographic occlusion was 55.5%. In three patients without obliteration, AVM shrinkage made it possible to perform surgical resection with a 2/3 cure rate. A reduction in AVM nidus volume greater than 50% after the first procedure was shown to be the most important predictor of obliteration. Another factor associated with AVM cure was a prescription dose higher than 15.5 Gy in the first radiosurgery. Two patients had permanent neurologic deficits. Factors correlated with complications were the prescription dose and maximum dose in the first procedure. Conclusion: This study suggests that single-dose reirradiation is safe and feasible in partially occluded AVM. Reirradiation may not benefit candidates whose prescribed dose was lower than 15.5 Gy in the first procedure and initial AVM nidus volume did not decrease by more than 50% before reirradiation.
VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES

VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES ARE INVESTIGATED THROUGH CREEP AND DYNAMIC TESTS. IN CREEP TESTS A CYLINDRICAL SPECIMEN IS SUBMITTED TO TENSILE OR SHEAR STRESSES AND THE DEFORMATION OF THE SPECIMEN IS RECORDED BY ELECTRONIC DEVICES PREVIOUSLY CALIBRATED. IN DYNAMIC TESTS TWO TYPES OF VIBRATIONS ARE USED' /1/ TRANSVERSAL VIBRATIONS IN WHICH A CANTILEVER BEAM IS SUBMITTED ON ITS HEAD TO A SINUSOIDAL LOAD, AND /2/ LONGITUDINAL VIBRATIONS IN WHICH A CYLINDRICAL SPECIMEN IS SUBMITTED TO AXIAL SINUSOIDAL LOAD. IT IS FOUND THAT BITUMINOUS MIXTURES BEHAVE LINEARLY FOR SMALL DEFORMATIONS, IN THE RANGE OF LINEAR BEHAVIOR BITUMINOUS MIXES ARE THERMORHEOLOGICALLY SIMPLE. MASTER CURVES HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED FOR CREEP AND MODULUS FUNCTIONS WITH A SHIFTING FACTOR FOLLOWING THE W.L. F. EQUATION. THE RELAXATION DISTRIBUTION SPECTRUM IS CONSISTENT WITH ROUSES THEORY. A RHEOLOGICAL MODEL AND ANALYTICAL EQUATIONS ARE PROPOSED TO REPRESENT THE VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE IN CREEP AND DYNAMIC TESTS IN THE RANGE OF LINEAR BEHAVIOR. REDUCED CURVES DETERMINED FOR SEVERAL BITUMINOUS MIXTURES ARE PROPOSED TO REPRESENT MODULUS, CREEP AND RELAXATION V.S. FREQUENCY OR TIME OF FRESHLY LAID BITUMINOUS CONCRETE. THEREFORE VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF BITUMINOUS MIXES COULD BE DESCRIBED THROUGH: THE INSTANTANEOUS MODULUS /FUNCTION OF VOID CONTENT AND TYPE OF BITUMEN/ AND ITS THERMAL SUSCEPTIBILITY DEFINED BY THE SHIFTING FACTOR. FINALLY IN SITU MEASUREMENTS ARE COMPARED WITH THOSE OF LABORATORY TESTS AND IT WAS FOUND THAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO PREDICT THE PERFORMANCE IN SITU FROM LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS.
EST assembly supported by a draft genome sequence: an analysis of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii transcriptome

Clustering and assembly of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) constitute the basis for most genomewide descriptions of a transcriptome. This approach is limited by the decline in sequence quality toward the end of each EST, impacting both sequence clustering and assembly. Here, we exploit the available draft genome sequence of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to guide clustering and to correct errors in the ESTs. We have grouped all available EST and cDNA sequences into 12 063 ACEGs (assembly of contiguous ESTs based on genome) and generated 15 857 contigs of average length 934 nt. We predict that roughly 3000 of our contigs represent full-length transcripts. Compared to previous assemblies, ACEGs show extended contig length, increased accuracy and a reduction in redundancy. Because our assembly protocol also uses ESTs with no corresponding genomic sequences, it provides sequence information for genes interrupted by sequence gaps. Detailed analysis of randomly sampled ACEGs reveals several hundred putative cases of alternative splicing, many overlapping transcription units and new genes not identified by gene prediction algorithms. Our protocol, although developed for and tailored to the C. reinhardtii dataset, can be exploited by any eukaryotic genome project for which both a draft genome sequence and ESTs are available.
5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural from Black Garlic Extract Prevents TNFα‐induced Monocytic Cell Adhesion to HUVECs by Suppression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule‐1 Expression, Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and NF‐κB Activation

5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) is a common Maillard reaction product; the reaction occurs during heat‐processing and the preparation of many types of foods and beverages. Although 5‐HMF has been proposed to have harmful effects, recently, its beneficial effects, including antioxidant, cytoprotective and antitumor effects have become increasingly apparent. It was found recently that a chloroform extract of aged black garlic shows antiinflammatory properties when administered to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This study investigated the antiinflammatory potential of 5‐HMF purified from the chloroform extract of aged black garlic in tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐stimulated HUVECs. Treatment of HUVECs with 5‐HMF strongly suppressed TNF‐α‐induced cell surface and total protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) as well as their mRNA expression. In addition, 5‐HMF significantly inhibited TNF‐α‐induced reactive oxygen species formation, and markedly reduced THP‐1 monocyte adhesion to TNF‐α‐stimulated HUVECs. Furthermore, 5‐HMF significantly inhibited NF‐κB transcription factor activation in TNF‐α‐stimulated HUVECs. The data provide new evidence of the antiinflammatory properties of 5‐HMF in support of its potential therapeutic use for the prevention and management of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis through mechanisms involving the inhibition of VCAM‐1 expression and NF‐κB activation in vascular endothelial cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[Effects of milk and coenzyme Q10 on the interference of acrylonitrile on vascular endothelial functions].

OBJECTIVE To explore the influences of milk or coenzyme Q(10) pretreatment to acrylonitrile on vascular endothelial functions in rats. METHODS A total of 80 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (Con), acrylonitrile exposure group (ACN), milk pretreatment group (M + ACN) and coenzyme Q(10) pretreatment group (Q(10) + ACN). The experiment was conducted by the method of gavage exposure in rats. Control group was exposed to corn oil; acrylonitrile was administered to other three groups at the doses of 25 mg/kg. The M + ACN and Q(10) + ACN groups were pretreated by milk or coenzyme Q(10) at 30 minutes before acrylonitrile exposure. After a 12-week exposure, the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were measured in serum and aortal tissues. RESULTS As compared with Con group [(21.9 ± 1.6) U/ml], the activity of blood serum iNOS was higher in ACN, M + ACN and Q(10) + ACN groups [(42.9 ± 2.5) U/ml, (26.5 ± 4.4) U/ml, (26.7 ± 3.3) U/ml, P < 0.05]. As compared with Con group [(0.540 ± 0.028) U/mg protein], the activity of aortal iNOS was higher in ACN, M + ACN and Q(10) + ACN groups [(0.812 ± 0.008), (0.773 ± 0.019), (0.622 ± 0.013) U/mg protein, (P < 0.05)]. Furthermore the activity of aortal eNOS in Q(10) + ACN group [(0.471 ± 0.011) U/mg protein] was higher than Con, ACN or M + ACN group [(0.371 ± 0.029), (0.380 ± 0.016), (0.425 ± 0.020) U/mg protein, P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION Chronic administration of ACN by gavages results in vascular endothelial dysfunctions. Milk and coenzyme Q(10) pretreatment reduce this effect in rats.
DETERMINANTS OF FIRST ANTENATAL CARE VISIT BY PREGNANT WOMEN AT COMMUNITY BASED EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND SERVICE SITES IN NORTHERN UGANDA.

BACKGROUND Antenatal care (ANC) aims mainly at prevention, early detection and management of general medical and pregnancy associated disorders. Early booking is recommended for maximum utilisation. OBJECTIVE To investigate the determinants of first ANC visit and trimesters at which pregnant mothers enrol for ANC at the COBERS sites of Northern Uganda. DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING Five community based Education, Research and Service sites (COBERS) of Atiak, Madi Opei, Mungula, Namukora and Pajule health centre, fours (HC IV) in the five respective districts of Amuru, Lamwo, Adjumani, Kitgum and Pader, Northern Uganda, from April to July 2013. SUBJECTS Four hundred and seventeen (417) pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) in five health centres and ten purposively selected midwives were interviewed using questionnaires. RESULTS Of the 417 respondents, only 11.5% (n = 48) had their first ANC at the recommended period of 0-16 weeks. Prevalence of late entry to ANC was 88.5% (n = 369). Mean gestational age at booking was 22.6 ± 5.7 weeks. Paternal level of education, outcome of previous pregnancy, previous ANC attendance, weeks of amenorrhea, convenience of opening hours at ANC facility, commuting distance from home to health facility, knowing the right time for ANC enrollment and pregnancy planning remained significant predictors governing early booking. CONCLUSION Late ANC booking is still a major public health concern that demands public enlightenment and paternal education coupled with women empowerment will reduce the magnitude of the problem.
Ethnic group and survival from childhood cancer: report from the UK Children's Cancer Study Group

Survival following cancer was analysed in relation to ethnic group among children diagnosed in Britain during 1981–1996 and treated at paediatric oncology centres by members of the UK Children's Cancer Study Group. Survival was analysed for 11 diagnostic groups: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, astrocytoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumour, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumour, osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. There were no significant differences in survival between White and non-White children over the study period as a whole. Among children with ALL, however, the relative risk of death allowing for period of diagnosis, age and white blood count was 1.25 for those of South Asian ethnic origin compared with Whites (P = 0.057). © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Tuberculosis in Tanzanian Wildlife

Bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a pathogen of growing concern in free-ranging wildlife in Africa, but little is known about the disease in Tanzanian wildlife. Here, we report the infection status of Mycobacterium bovis in a range of wildlife species sampled from protected areas in northern Tanzania. M. bovis was isolated from 11.1% (2/18) migratory wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and 11.1% (1/9) topi (Damaliscus lunatus) sampled systematically in 2000 during a meat cropping program in the Serengeti ecosystem, and from one wildebeest and one lesser kudu (Tragelaphus imberbis) killed by sport hunters adjacent to Tarangire National Park. A tuberculosis antibody enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used to screen serum samples collected from 184 Serengeti lions (Panthera leo) and 19 lions from Ngorongoro Crater sampled between 1985 and 2000. Samples from 212 ungulates collected throughout the protected area network between 1998 and 2001 also were tested by EIA. Serological assays detected antibodies to M. bovis in 4% of Serengeti lions; one positive lion was sampled in 1984. Antibodies were detected in one of 17 (6%) buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in Tarangire and one of 41 (2%) wildebeest in the Serengeti. This study confirms for the first time the presence of bovine tuberculosis in wildlife of northern Tanzania, but further investigation is required to assess the impact on wildlife populations and the role of different wildlife species in maintenance and transmission.
Tunable Optical Metamaterial Based on Liquid Crystal-gold Nanosphere Composite References and Links

Effect of the surrounding anisotropic liquid crystal medium on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) exhibited by concentrated suspensions of gold nanospheres has been investigated experimentally and compared with the Mie scattering theory. The observed polarization-sensitive SPR and the red-shift in the SPR wavelength with increasing concentration of the gold nanospheres in the liquid crystal matrix have been explained using calculations based on the Maxwell Garnet effective medium theory. Agglomeration of the gold nanospheres that could also lead to such a red-shift has been ruled out using Atomic force microscopy study of thin nanoparticle-doped smectic films obtained on solid substrates. Our study demonstrates feasibility of obtaining tunable optical bulk metamaterials based on smectic liquid crystal-nanoparticle composites. Voltage induced color selective absorption with surface plasmons, " Appl. Tunable optical negative-index metamaterials employing anisotropic liquid crystals, " Appl. Nanosphere dispersed liquid crystals for tunable negative-zero-positive index of refraction in the optical and terahertz regimes, " Opt. Smalyukh are preparing a manuscript to be called " Elasticity and layer structure stabilized colloidal nanoparticle dispersions in lamellar liquid crystals " 10. V. Yannopapas, and A. Moroz, " Negative refractive index metamaterials from inherently non-magnetic materials for deep infrared to terahertz frequency ranges, " J. Coupling of the Plasmon resonances of chemically functionlized gold nanoparticles to local order in thermotropic liquid crystals, " Chem. Mater.range forces and aggregation of colloidal particles in a nematic liquid crystal, " Phys. Liquid crystal alignment layer with controllable anchoring energies, " J. Surface-enhanced plasmon plitting in a liquid crystal-coated gold nanoparticle, " Phys. controlled light scatterring with single metal nanoparticles, " Appl. Splitting of surface plasmon frequencies of metal particles in a nematic liquid crystal, " Appl.
A new perspective on reasoning with qualitative spatial knowledge

In this paper we call for considering a paradigm shift in the reasoning methods that underly qualitative spatial representations. As alternatives to conventional methods we propose exploiting methods from linear programming and real algebraic geometry. We argue that using mathematical theories of the spatial domain at hand might be the key to effective reasoning methods, and thus to practical applications.
Recursive functions of symbolic expressions and their computation by machine, Part I

A programming system called LISP (for LISt Processor) has been developed for the IBM 704 computer by the Artificial Intelligence group at M.I. T. The system was designed to facilitate experiments with a proposed system called the Advice Taker, whereby a machine could be instructed to handle declarative as well as imperative sentences and could exhibit “common sense” in carrying out its instructions. The original proposal [1] for the Advice Taker was made in November 1958. The main requirement was a programming system for manipulating expressions representing formalized declarative and imperative sentences so that the Advice Taker system could make deductions. In the course of its development the LISP system went through several stages of simplification and eventually came to be based on a scheme for representing the partial recursive functions of a certain class of symbolic expressions. This representation is independent of the IBM 704 computer, or of any other electronic computer, and it now seems expedient to expound the system by starting with the class of expressions called S-expressions and the functions called S-functions.
Data‐enabled cognitive modeling: Validating student engineers’ fuzzy design‐based decision‐making in a virtual design problem

The ability of future engineering professionals to solve complex real‐world problems depends on their design education and training. Because engineers engage with open‐ended problems in which there are unknown parameters and multiple competing objectives, they engage in fuzzy decision‐making, a method of making decisions that takes into account inherent imprecisions and uncertainties in the real world. In the design‐based decision‐making field, few studies have applied fuzzy decision‐making models to actual decision‐making process data. Thus, in this study, we use datasets on student decision‐making processes to validate approximate fuzzy models of student decision‐making, which we call data‐enabled cognitive modeling. The results of this study (1) show that simulated design problems provide rich datasets that enable analysis of student design decision‐making and (2) validate models of student design cognition that can inform future design curricula and help educators understand how students think about design problems.
Policy-Based Network Management in Home Area Networks: Interim Test Results

This paper argues that Home Area Networks (HANs) are a good candidate for advanced network management automation techniques, such as Policy-Based Network Management (PBNM). What is proposed is a simple use of policy based network management to introduce some level of Quality of Service (QoS) and Security management in the HAN, whilst hiding this complexity from the home user. In this paper we have presented the interim test results of our research experiments (based on a scenario) using the HAN testbed. After using policies to prioritize different traffic, packet loss decreased to 30% and VoIP quality improved dramatically without employing any intelligent bandwidth allocation technique.
Attitudes towards cancer. Development of the cancer attitudes questionnaire

A questionnaire evaluating attitudes towards cancer (the Cancer Attitudes Questionnaire) was constructed to compare the attitudes of first‐year medical students before and after taking a clinical oncology program with those of students who did not participate in the program. A factor and reliability analysis revealed five underlying factors that explained 42% of the variance and reliabilities ranging from 0.55 to 0.79. An analysis of covariance revealed that students who participated in the clinical oncology program were more positively predisposed toward the outpatient functioning of cancer patients (P < 0.04) at the conclusion of the year than students who did not take the course; the participating students were also somewhat less pessimistic toward the disease (P < 0.07). Women (regardless of whether they had taken the course) assigned significantly greater importance to the patient's and family's attitudes in relation to outcome of disease (P = 0.03) than did male students. It appears that an early medical educational oncology experience emphasizing contact with ambulatory cancer patients can apprecibly alter the attitudes of first‐year medical students towards cancer.
Peripheral innervation patterns and central distribution of fin chromatophore motoneurons in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis

SUMMARY Body patterning behavior in unshelled cephalopod molluscs such as squid, octopuses, and cuttlefish is the ability of these animals to create complex patterns on their skin. This behavior is generated primarily by chromatophores, pigment-containing organs that are directly innervated by central motoneurons. The present study focuses on innervation patterns and location of chromatophore motoneurons in the European cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, specifically those motoneurons that control chromatophores of the fin. The fin is known to be innervated by the large, branching fin nerve. This study further characterizes the innervation of fin chromatophores by the fin nerve, generates a reference system for the location of fin nerve branches across individuals, and localizes the neurons whose axons innervate fin chromatophores through the fin nerve. Data from extracellular stimulation of fin nerve branches in intact animals demonstrate topographic innervation of fin chromatophores, while retrograde labeling data reveal the posterior subesophageal mass of the brain as the primary location of fin chromatophore motoneurons.