Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining the Impact of Social Identification with Music on Music Streaming Behavior

According to the Nielsen Music 360 Research Report, 67% of all music consumers in the United States used digital music streaming services to listen, discover, and share music online in 2014 (The Nielsen Company, 2014). As such, communications scholars and music industry professionals are beginning to recognize the importance of understanding the factors that influence digital music listener behavior. Therefore, this study proposes an expanded theory of planned behavior model (TPB) by incorporating social identification into the original TPB model framework in an effort to gain a better understanding of people’s intentions to use digital music streaming services as well as the amount of time spent listening to them. Results suggest that both the original TPB and expanded TPB models can be successfully applied within the context of digital music streaming service use. Specifically, attitudes emerged as positive contributors to intention to use digital music streaming services, while social identification and behavioral intention emerged as positive contributors to streaming behavior. Both models also explained a larger percentage of intention to use digital music streaming services as compared to streaming behavior operationalized as total time spent listening. Thus, this study implies the practical importance of understanding the differences between what drives listener intentions as compared to what drives the actual amount of time listeners spend using digital music streaming services.
Euro-Americans Favoring People of Color: Covert Racism and Economies of White Colorism

African American colorism in the United States is often viewed as an intraracial problem in which prejudice and discrimination are relegated to the scope of internal issues. What is often lacking in the discourse on colorism is the interracial component of intraracial hierarchies—referred to as White colorism. Colorism is not a phenomenon that originated within the Black community. Rather, it is a result of European American practices that further divided Blacks according to skin color. The historical underpinnings of colorism include colonialism and slavery, yet these ideologies continue to inform racism today. This article explores how colorism was established and is now sustained by Whites in various capacities, including social and economic spheres. Additionally, racialized dichotomies, borders of Whiteness, and Black consciousness are considered to demonstrate the intersection of historical racism and current racial rhetoric. Last, the effects of White colorism on Black achievement status, including education and employment, is elucidated through an analysis of data and literature.
Resilience Levels in Siblings of Children with Developmental Disabilities

Families and parents of children with disabilities have been identified as resilient, yet have shared many stressors and threats to that resilience. Limited data attempts to investigate resiliency levels in siblings of children with developmental disabilities, with no known research to date evaluating the relationship of resilience levels in siblings of children with developmental disabilities compared to that of typically developing siblings. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare resiliency and coping strategies between siblings of children with developmental disabilities and siblings of typically developing children. Methods: Subjects were recruited through a mass email and flyer distributed to all families within a community school district and a follow-up study was completed recruiting siblings of children with developmental disabilities at the Minnesota State Fair. Children 9-17 years of age were placed into two groups: 1. ) siblings of typically developing children (n=42, mean age= 149.33 months) and 2. ) siblings of children with developmental disabilities (n=44, mean age= 158.05 months). Each participant completed the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents: A Profile of Personal Strengths. Resiliency areas were assessed by three subtests: sense of mastery, sense of relatedness and sense of emotional reactivity. Results: An analysis of variance found no statistically significant differences between groups across all subtests (p<0.05). Scatter plots, box plot analyses and correlational data indicate that scores between both groups were similarly varied and showed trends between variables. This indicates that some aspects of resiliency are interrelated and appear to be similarly represented for siblings of children with developmental disabilities and siblings of typically developing children. Conclusion: This study was the first of its kind to analyze resilience levels in siblings of children with developmental disabilities.
Association between inflammation and changes in residual renal function and peritoneal transport rate during the first year of dialysis.

BACKGROUND Peritoneal transport rate, a major determinant of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient survival, increases in most patients starting on PD, while in other patients peritoneal transport rate may decline. Although several factors may contribute to changes in peritoneal transport rate, inflammation is known to be associated with a high peritoneal transport rate, and residual renal function (RRF), which often declines after start of PD, may also be related to inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that changes in peritoneal transport rate during patients' first year on PD and declining RRF may be linked with inflammation. METHODS A total of 76 PD patients (40 males, mean age 56.8+/-14.1 years), who underwent two peritoneal equilibration tests at a mean of 0.4 months and 1 year after beginning PD, were included in the study. Based on the change in dialysate to plasma creatinine concentration ratio at 4-h dwell (D/P Cr) during first year on PD, the patients were divided into decreased or unchanged (group DUC; n=22) and increased (group I; n=54) groups. RESULTS Initially, group I had a lower proportion of high transporters and more often high serum C-reactive protein (sCRP, > or =10 mg/l) and lower RRF compared with the DUC group. In group I, serum albumin and RRF decreased significantly and dialysate protein loss and glucose absorption increased significantly during the first year on PD. When patients were divided into two groups based on median change in RRF (1.9 ml/min), patients with a decrease in RRF >1.9 ml/min during first year on PD had a higher proportion of high sCRP, higher D/P Cr, and higher changes in D/P Cr compared to patients with a decrease in RRF < or =1.9 ml/min. Patients with elevated sCRP at one year included a higher proportion of patients who had high sCRP at the start of PD, higher increase in D/P Cr, lower serum albumin, lower RRF, and more decrease in RRF during first year on PD compared with patients having normal sCRP. RRF was inversely correlated with changes in D/P Cr during the first year on PD (r=-0.28, P=0.02). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the only factors affecting changes in D/P Cr were high sCRP and a low RRF. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary short-term study suggests that changes in peritoneal transport rate during patients' first year on PD may be linked with inflammation and declining residual renal function. Inflammation and residual renal function were identified as the only independent factors determining peritoneal transport rate during the first year on PD. It is possible that inflammation may cause both an increase in peritoneal transport rate and a decline in residual renal function, or that the decline in residual renal function and the increase in peritoneal transport rate may induce or aggravate inflammation. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Communicating expressiveness and affect in multimodal interactive systems

Multisensory integrated expressive environments is a framework for mixed reality applications in the performing arts such as interactive dance, music, or video installations. MIEEs address the expressive aspects of nonverbal human communication. We present the multilayer conceptual framework of MIEEs, algorithms for expressive content analysis and processing, and MIEEs-based art applications.
Relativistic entrainment matrix of a superfluid nucleon-hyperon mixture. II. Effect of finite temperatures

We calculate the important quantity of superfluid hydrodynamics, the relativistic entrainment matrix for a nucleon-hyperon mixture at arbitrary temperature. In the nonrelativistic limit this matrix is also termed the Andreev-Bashkin or mass-density matrix. Our results can be useful for modeling the pulsations of massive neutron stars with superfluid nucleon-hyperon cores and for studies of the kinetic properties of superfluid baryon matter.
Emotions, motivation and self-regulation in boys' and girls' learning mathematics

The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship of affective and motivational processes and self-regulation in mathematics in secondary school students. We were interested in finding out if these relationships differ between boys and girls. Second, we predicted the use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies from emotional and motivational variables. A total of 397 students (145 boys and 252 girls) attending the first year of grammar schools in Slovenia participated in the study. Emotions were measured with the three scales assessing students’ positive and negative emotions during math classes, during learning math at home and during math tests. Students’ goal orientations were measured by Achievement Goal Questionnaire Revised (AGQ-revised; Elliot & Murayama, 2008), self-efficacy by Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales (PALS; Midgley et al., 2000) and cognitive and metacognititve strategies by Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ; Pintrich et al., 1991). More significant correlations between emotional and motivational dimensions were found for girls than for boys. The opposite was true for the relationship between emotional dimensions and strategies. Further hierarchical regression analyses showed that emotions explained a greater amount of variance in using cognitive and metacognitive strategies in boys than in girls. In both genders, positive emotions during learning math at home and math test are the best predictors of (meta)cognitive strategy use. Among motivational variables, only performance goal orientation explained significant amount of variance in all strategies in girls over and above emotional variables. Implications of emotional and motivational dimensions for the use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies in learning math are discussed, as well as implications for further research.
Twitter games: how successful spammers pick targets

Online social networks, such as Twitter, have soared in popularity and in turn have become attractive targets of spam. In fact, spammers have evolved their strategies to stay ahead of Twitter's anti-spam measures in this short period of time. In this paper, we investigate the strategies Twitter spammers employ to reach relevant target audiences. Due to their targeted approaches to send spam, we see evidence of a large number of the spam accounts forming relationships with other Twitter users, thereby becoming deeply embedded in the social network. We analyze nearly 20 million tweets from about 7 million Twitter accounts over a period of five days. We identify a set of 14,230 spam accounts that manage to live longer than the other 73% of other spam accounts in our data set. We characterize their behavior, types of tweets they use, and how they target their audience. We find that though spam campaigns changed little from a recent work by Thomas et al., spammer strategies evolved much in the same short time span, causing us to sometimes find contradictory spammer behavior from what was noted in Thomas et al.'s work. Specifically, we identify four major strategies used by 2/3rd of the spammers in our data. The most popular of these was one where spammers targeted their own followers. The availability of various kinds of services that help garner followers only increases the popularity of this strategy. The evolution in spammer strategies we observed in our work suggests that studies like ours should be undertaken frequently to keep up with spammer evolution.
Motives, Motivation and Exercise Behavioral Regulations in CrossFit and Resistance Training Participants

The present study investigated the motivational factors, behavioral regulations based on self-determination theory framework, and the relationships between basic psychological need satisfaction and actual exercise behaviors of CrossFit and resistance training (RT) participants. A total of 493 subjects (males = 351, females = 148), RT (n = 365, 279 males, 86 females) and CrossFit (n = 128, 69 males, 59 females) completed an online questionnaire. Results indicated that CrossFit participants presented higher levels of enjoyment, stress management, social recognition, affiliation, competition, and weight management. Conversely, RT participants reported higher motive for appearance. Intrinsic motivation to exercise was significantly higher in CrossFit, whereas RT participants scored higher controlled motivation. There was no significant difference between weekly exercise volume between groups; therefore, correlation and mediation analysis were conducted with pooled data. Autonomy and competence were significantly associated with more autonomous forms of motivation. Exercise frequency and weekly exercise volume were positively related to intrinsic motivation. When examining the mediating model, competence and intrinsic motivation were found to mediate the relationship between enjoyment and weekly exercise volume. Our results support the relationship among psychological needs satisfaction, intrinsic motivation, and exercise behavior in CrossFit and RT participants. Exercise professionals can encourage individuals to seek self-determined and personally meaningful exercise benefits to promote long-term exercise adherence in fitness centers.
Value contribution of it in recruiting: a multi-national causal analysis

Despite an era of global recession qualified staff is still rare due to the demographical situation worldwide. Companies are forced to develop new cost saving recruitment strategies to ensure the necessary labor supply while recruitment budgets are pruned. In this area, the use of information technology creates interesting opportunities to contact candidates and process applications, not only more economically but also more quickly. The actual value of the contribution made by IT in HR is nevertheless still disputed. For this reason, we conducted an empirical analysis in three different countries examining the impact of IT on process performance determinants in staff recruitment. With the aid of three causal models for Germany, Austria and Switzerland we could confirm a positive impact of IT use on time and costs per hire as well on the overall recruitment process quality.
Use of a Student Recreation Center, Self-Determination Needs Satisfaction, and Subjective Vitality: A Structural Model

The student recreation center (SRC) promotes quality of life among college students. Grounded in self-determination theory, this study examined the relationship between SRC use and subjective vitality using a sample of 540 students at a large state university in the United States. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that use of fitness and group sport facilities both had a positive relationship with subjective vitality, which were mediated by competence need satisfaction, relatedness need satisfaction, and perception of physical health. Implications of the study findings were discussed.
Coping with success and failure – A qualitative study on athletes and coaches in track and field

The aim of this study is to investigate how athletes and coaches perceive and experience success and failure. Objectives of the study consist of examining how athletes and coaches define, react and cope with success and failure, how they perceive consequences and how coaches help athletes to cope with success and failure. Ten (n=10) individual semi structured interviews was carried out with seven (n=7) elite athletes and three (n=3) coaches in track and field. An interview guide based on the objectives of the study was developed. 385 raw data units were identified. These were categorised according to the objectives. The analysis showed that athletes and coaches defined success as achieving goals and a typical reaction to success was to feel happy. A typical consequence that follows success was increased self confidence and athletes cope with this by setting new goals. The analysis of coaches showed that coaches create an understanding for the athletes, what they want and what they need. Failure was most frequently defined as injury. The most common reaction to failure was increased negative thinking and athletes coped with that by “clenching the fist”. Coaches help athletes to cope with failure by adapting the training. Development was considered to be a significant consequence of failure.
Analysis of the maximum balanced load in Long-Reach PONs

Maximum balanced load is the load above which mean packet delay and packet loss ratio increase rapidly, queues start to build up and packets start to drop. In this paper, we propose theoretical formulas to analyse the maximum balanced load in Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks (LR-PONs). This is done for two algorithms, the GIANT algorithm and a proposed BwUpdate algorithm. We compare the expressions obtained with simulation studies and find the simulation results match the theory well. We compare the two algorithms as a function of the Assured Bandwidth Restoration Time (ABRT) and find that the BwUpdate algorithm increases the maximum balanced load, for assured bandwidth restoration times longer than 3.75 milliseconds.
Self-Regulation and Learning

Schunk and Zimmerman review how self-regulated learning processes are a result of self-generated thoughts and behaviors oriented toward the attainment of personal learning goals. Five major theoretical perspectives on self-regulated learning are reviewed, including operant theory, information processing theory, developmental theory, social constructivist theory, and social cognitive theory. Theory and research are presented that point to the strong relations between self-regulation and achievement processes. Specific intervention strategies designed to enhance students' self-regulation are presented. Future research to link self-regulation and volition, to focus on the development of self-regulation in children and its life span progression is discussed. Keywords: learning; personal goal-setting; self-control; self-regulation
Direct OT : Representation as Pure Markedness

This paper argues for a model of morphology and phonology in which phonological form is represented purely in terms of markedness rather than by strings of segments. The argument runs as follows: (i) underlying representations are prosodified; (ii) this makes them relatively ill-formed; (iii) so representations can be represented purely in terms of ill-formedness. Step (i) brings to its logical conclusion the incorporation of prosody into generative phonology begun in the 1970s and 1980s, making prosody relevant at all phonological levels of description. Step (ii) allows representation to be tied directly to markedness. Step (iii) makes it impossible to represent unmarked structure. I formalize representation as pure markedness in terms of intentional violation of phonological well-formedness constraints: the distintive features of representation are given in terms of constraint violations. The result is a theory in which representation and evaluation are completely conflated.s Representation as pure markedness (RPM) has three important results for grammatical theory. First, it requires abandoning a central (if bizarre) claim implicit in most current work in phonology, which I'll call the theorem of Impossibility. Impossibility states that every underlying form is an impossible surface form; it keeps grammatical theory from having a unified theory of representation. Impossibility follows jointly from the assumption that underlying forms are not syllabified and that surface forms are. I'll argue that Impossibility is as theoretically and empirically unsupportable as it is counter-intuitive. In its place Direct OT offers a completely unified theory of phonological representation throughout the grammar. Second, RPM requires rather than stipulates the underspecification of phonological representations (Kiparsky 1982; Archangeli 1984; Steriade 1987). Unmarked structure is underspecified in Direct OT because it is not representable. The permanence of underspecification (Steriade 1994) follows as well: unmarked structure is unspecified at all levels of phonology because it is not representable at any level. Third, RPM makes the linear order of segments fully redundant. Linear representations like /pajama/ or [ba.na. na] are purely expository devices in Direct OT. Actual representation is completely non-linear.
Satisfaction of Nontraditional Students in Health Sciences: A Causal Comparison Study Investigating Institutional Effectiveness

3 Dedication . 4 Acknowledgments.5 List of Tables . 9 List of Figures . 10 List of Abbreviations . 11 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 12 Overview . 12 Background . 12 Problem Statement . 17 Purpose Statement . 18 Significance of the Study . 20 Research Questions . 21 Definitions.23 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 24 Overview . 24 Theoretical Framework . 24 Adult Learning Theory . 26 Social Closure Theory.29 Related Literature.31 Defining “Nontraditional” . 32 Barriers to Success . 33
Redshifted formaldehyde from the gravitational lens B0218+357

Context. Little is known about individual molecular clouds at high redshifts. The gravitational lens toward B0218+357 offers the unique possibility to study cool moderately dense gas with high sensitivity and angular resolution in a cloud that existed half a Hubble time ago. Aims. This non-CO molecular multi-level study of a significantly redshifted cloud aims at a better definition of the physical properties of molecular gas in a kind of interstellar environment that is rarely studied in the Galaxy or in the nearby extragalactic space. Methods. Observations of the radio continuum and six formaldehyde (H 2 CO) lines were carried out with the VLA, the Plateau de Bure interferometer and the Effelsberg 100-m telescope. Results. Three radio continuum maps indicate a flux density ratio between the two main images, A and B, of ~$3.4\pm0.2$. Within the errors the ratio is the same at 8.6, 14.1, and 43 GHz. The 1$_{01}{-}0_{00}$ line of para-H 2 CO is shown to absorb the continuum of image A. Large Velocity Gradient radiative transfer calculations are performed to reproduce the optical depths of the observed two cm-wave “K-doublet” and four mm-wave rotational lines. These calculations also account for a likely frequency-dependent continuum cloud coverage. Confirming the diffuse nature of the cloud, an n (H 2 ) density of -3 is derived, with the best fit suggesting n (H 2 ) ~ 200 cm -3 . The H 2 CO column density of the main velocity component is ~$5\times10$ 13 cm -2 , to which about $7.5\times10$ 12 cm -2 has to be added to also account for a weaker feature on the blue side, 13 km s -1 apart. N (H 2 CO)/ N (NH 3 ) ~ 0.6, which is four times less than the average ratio obtained from a small number of local diffuse (galactic) clouds seen in absorption. The ortho-to-para H 2 CO abundance ratio is 2.0–3.0, which is consistent with the kinetic temperature of the molecular gas associated with the lens of B0218+357. With the gas kinetic temperature and density known, it is found that optically thin transitions of CS, HCN, HNC, HCO + , and N 2 H + (but not CO) will provide excellent probes of the cosmic microwave background at redshift $z=0.68$.