Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Perception and Effects of Share Ownership: Empirical Evidence from Employee Buy-Outs

per seThis paper explores the impact of employee ownership on employee attitudes, using attitudinal data obtained from four UK bus companies which had adopted the ESOP form of employee share ownership. After reviewing the recent UK literature, the paper highlights the findings from US literature that a sense of ownership' is an important intervening variable between actual ownership and attitudinal change, and that opportunities for participating in decision-making are more important than ownership in generating feelings of ownership. The paper incorporates these possibilities in using a two-stage ordered probit model to explore the relationships between ownership and attitudinal outcomes. The findings support intrinsic and instrumental models of ownership, and indicate that feelings of ownership are significantly associated with higher levels of commitment and satisfaction. British Journal of Industrial Relations 43:4, 751ApologyForward Links to Citing Articles Forward Links to Citing Articles Apology British Journal of Industrial Relations 43:4, 751 This paper explores the impact of employee ownership on employee attitudes, using attitudinal data obtained from four UK bus companies which had adopted the ESOP form of employee share ownership. After reviewing the recent UK literature, the paper highlights the findings from US literature that a sense of ownership' is an important intervening variable between actual ownership and attitudinal change, and that opportunities for participating in decision-making are more important than ownership in generating feelings of ownership. The paper incorporates these possibilities in using a two-stage ordered probit model to explore the relationships between ownership and attitudinal outcomes. The findings support intrinsic and instrumental models of ownership, and indicate that feelings of ownership are significantly associated with higher levels of commitment and satisfaction. per se
Work-related heat stress concerns in automotive industries: a case study from Chennai, India

Background: Work-related heat stress assessments, the quantification of thermal loads and their physiological consequences have mostly been performed in non-tropical developed country settings. In many developing countries (many of which are also tropical), limited attempts have been made to create detailed job-exposure profiles for various sectors. We present here a case study from Chennai in southern India that illustrates the prevalence of work-related heat stress in multiple processes of automotive industries and the efficacy of relatively simple controls in reducing prevalence of the risk through longitudinal assessments. Methods: We conducted workplace heat stress assessments in automotive and automotive parts manufacturing units according to the protocols recommended by NIOSH, USA. Sites for measurements included indoor locations with process-generated heat exposure, indoor locations without direct process-generated heat exposure and outdoor locations. Nearly 400 measurements of heat stress were made over a four-year period at more than 100 locations within eight units involved with automotive or automotive parts manufacturing in greater Chennai metropolitan area. In addition, cross-sectional measurements were made in select processes of glass manufacturing and textiles to estimate relative prevalence of heat stress. Results: Results indicate that many processes even in organised large-scale industries have yet to control heat stress-related hazards adequately. Upwards of 28% of workers employed in multiple processes were at risk of heat stress-related health impairment in the sectors assessed. Implications of longitudinal baseline data for assessing efficacy of interventions as well as modelling potential future impacts from climate change (through contributions from worker health and productivity impairments consequent to increases in ambient temperature) are described. Conclusions: The study re-emphasises the need for recognising heat stress as an important occupational health risk in both formal and informal sectors in India. Making available good baseline data is critical for estimating future impacts.
50th Anniversary Article: Technological Innovation, Product Development, and Entrepreneurship in Management Science

This article is a review of work published in Management Science on the topics of technological innovation, product development, and entrepreneurship since the inception of the journal in 1954. We intend the article to serve two goals. First, we hope that it will be useful to doctoral students and researchers interested in understanding what questions have been addressed in Management Science in the area of innovation. Second, we hope that the article will be useful to sociologists of science who are interested in understanding how knowledge develops in a field. We organize the literature into 12 themes. We then describe some aggregate properties of the articles. In an online supplement, we present brief summaries of the 250 articles we have identified as falling in the domain of our department.
Executive function moderates the intention-behavior link for physical activity and dietary behavior

Dominant theories of health behavior posit that social-cognitive and conative variables are sufficient to explain health behavior tendencies. The current studies challenge this assumption in two ways: (1) by demonstrating that unique variance in health protective behavior is predictable by knowing about individual differences in executive functioning, and (2) by demonstrating that executive function moderates the association between intention and behavior. In Studies 1 and 2, participants completed a computer-based task of executive function (Go/NoGo task) and articulated 1-week behavioral intentions for physical activity (Study 1) and dietary behavior (Study 2). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that executive function predicts unique variance in both behaviors, and strongly moderates the association between behavioral intention and behavioral performance. Together behavioral intention and executive function explain more variance in health protective behavior than ‘rational actor’ models that have been widely adopted and disseminated.
Economic geography in the development of Cambodia: the case of Okhna Mong Port Co. Ltd

Okhna Mong Port Co. Ltd. is part of Cambodia's Mong Reththy Group and was created in 2002 to develop some 64 hectares of land in the southwest of the country as a private sector port, integrated with special economic zone, resort area and other facilities. As a port, it has a particularly influential role in shaping economic development in the country because it serves as a node linking production areas and markets both inside Cambodia and in the other countries of Southeast Asia and beyond. It is also influential in that it represents a re-emergence of network connections in successful business dealings in the country and a resurgence of the aristocratic or establishment elite in taking control of important commercial and economic activities. Using thick description of the investment project and of the Cambodian business environment, this paper investigates the nature of the company and the impacts that it has had on labour markets and general development. As part of a special economic zone, the port project occupies a geographic area in which differential patterns of regulation exist and, as a result, conditions are opaque and possibly problematic.
Use of ultrasound to assess healing of a mandibular distraction wound.

PURPOSE A standardized, noninvasive technique to assess healing of the mandibular distraction wound is not available. Current methods include clinical examination, plain radiography, and computed tomography. These imaging techniques are expensive and obligate the patient to serial radiation exposure. In addition, anatomic overlap and metal artifacts may obscure the distraction gap. In contrast, ultrasound has been shown to be a noninvasive, efficient, and inexpensive way to evaluate bone healing. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of ultrasound to evaluate an experimental mandibular distraction osteogenesis wound. MATERIALS AND METHODS Distraction devices were placed via a submandibular incision into 24 minipigs. The protocol consisted of 0-day latency and distraction rates of 1, 2, or 4 mm/d for a 12-mm gap. The wounds were assessed in vivo after 0, 8, 16, and 24 days of neutral fixation. Ex vivo radiographs were used to estimate bone fill using a semiquantitative score. A semiquantitative ultrasound score was assigned, and the beam penetration depth was measured in millimeters. RESULTS In all groups, clinical stability of the distraction wound increased with the duration of fixation. Plain radiographs, taken during neutral fixation, showed that the desired distraction gap was achieved and maintained. The ultrasound score increased with fixation time, whereas beam penetration depth decreased as expected. Ex vivo radiographs showed increasing bone fill score with time and paralleled the ultrasound score. CONCLUSIONS The results of this feasibility study indicate that ultrasound is potentially useful for the assessment of bone formation in distraction osteogenesis wounds.
Comparative Analysis of Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Tanzania

This paper analysed the financial performance of commercial banking sector in Tanzania for the period of 7 years from 2006 to 2012. Financial ratios were employed to measure the profitability and liquidity of banks; in addition Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the significance differences of profitability means among peer banks groups. The study found that overall bank financial performance increased considerably in the first two years of the analysis. A significant change in trend is noticed at the onset of the global financial crisis from 2008 to 2009. However, Tanzania banking sector remained stable; banks are adequately capitalized and profitable and remained in a sound position. The study found that, there is no a significant means difference of profitability among of peer banks groups in term of ROA, however, a significance differences among banks group is existed in term of ROE and NIM. Key words: financial performance, financial ratios, commercial banks, Tanzania
Does Planning Make a Difference to Urban Form? Recent Evidence from Central Scotland

Urban form is changing in Britain, with new patterns of development reflecting economic, technological, and transportation conditions in an increasingly competitive framework. Changes in urban form have implications for the environmental sustainability, integration and cohesion, and longer term quality of life in and around cities. Britain has a comprehensive planning system with a strong rhetoric of policies towards these goals. In this paper the authors draw on evidence from recent research, primarily in central Scotland, to assess how far planning actually does make a difference to urban form rather than simply passively responding to demand. They consider some of the systematic tendencies in decentralised planning decisionmaking, some selected evidence of development outcomes, and some insights from major development case studies. The conclusions highlight the differential influence of planning between different development sectors and the obstacles to achieving a more sustainable pattern.
Obesity: a growing issue for European policy?

In Europe, concerns about obesity have been stimulated by trends in several member states, raising challenges for multilevel governance. This paper gives a picture of obesity in Europe, pointing to variations between and within countries. It discusses the various explanations of generalized weight gain, and the policy levers that might tackle it, the paper also maps current policy responses. Policy considerations raised include financial burdens, health-care management, social inequalities, cultural issues, welfare support, and farm and food industry drivers. The paper proposes that obesity is unlikely to be reduced unless it receives both multi-level and multi-field analysis and intervention. In this context, action in Europe is hampered by a fragmented institutional architecture at all levels of governance. It also raises serious questions about the unequal relations between the state, the market and civil society within Europe. The paper concludes with a suggestion that obesity warrants improved European linkages across discrete areas of policy.
Functional coupling of the human dopamine D2 receptor with G alpha i1, G alpha i2, G alpha i3 and G alpha o G proteins: evidence for agonist regulation of G protein selectivity.

(1) The human dopamine D(2long) (D(2L)) receptor was expressed with four different G proteins in Sf9 cells using the baculovirus expression system. When co-expressed with G(i)/G(o) G proteins (G(i1)alpha, G(i2)alpha, G(i3)alpha, or G(o)alpha, plus Gbeta(1) and Ggamma(2)), the receptor displayed a high-affinity binding site for the agonists (dopamine and NPA), which was sensitive to GTP (100 micro M), demonstrating interaction between the receptor and the different G proteins. (2) The receptor to G protein ratio (R : G ratio) was evaluated using [(3)H]-spiperone saturation binding (R) and [(35)S]-GTPgammaS saturation binding (G). R : G ratios of 1 : 12, 1 : 3, 1 : 14 and 1 : 5 were found for G(i1), G(i2), G(i3), and G(o) preparations, respectively. However, when R : G ratios of 1 : 2 and 1 : 12 were compared for G(i2) and G(o), no difference was found for the stimulation of [(35)S]-GTPgammaS binding. (3) Several agonists were tested for their ability to stimulate [(35)S]-GTPgammaS binding to membranes co-expressing the receptor and various G proteins. All the compounds tested showed agonist activity in preparations expressing G(i3) and G(o). However, for G(i2) and G(i1) preparations, compounds such as S-(-)-3-PPP and p-tyramine were unable to stimulate [(35)S]-GTPgammaS binding. (4) Most of the compounds showed higher relative efficacies (compared to dopamine) and higher potencies in the preparation expressing G(o). Comparison of the effects of different agonists in the different preparations showed that each agonist differentially activates the four G proteins. (5) We conclude that the degree of selectivity of G protein activation by the D(2L) receptor can depend on the conformation of the receptor stabilised by an agonist.
Voluntary CSR Disclosure Works! Evidence from Asia-Pacific Banks

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in six large banks each from Japan, China, Australia and India over the period of 2005-2011. Design/methodology/approach - – CSR and banks’ annual reports and websites were analysed using a comprehensive disclosure framework to evaluate the themes of ethical standards, extent of CSR reporting, environment, products, community, employees, supply chain management and benchmarking. Findings - – Over the seven years, bank CSR disclosure improved in all four countries. Australian banks were found to have the best scores and Indian banks demonstrated maximum improvement. Despite the absence of legislative requirements or standards for CSR, this paper finds that CSR reporting continued to improve in quality and quantity in the region on a purely voluntary basis. Research limitations/implications - – This study indicates that financial institutions have a commitment to CSR activities. The comparison between financial institutions in developed and developing economies suggests that the motivation for such activities is complex. A review of the studied banks suggests that strategic rather than economic drivers are an important influence. Practical implications - – Asia-Pacific Governments need not mandate bank CSR reporting standards as the banks improved their CSR reporting consistently over the seven years despite the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). Originality/value - – A disclosure framework index is used to assess the comprehensiveness of bank practice in relation to CSR reporting. This approach enables cross-sectional and cross-country comparisons over time and the ability to replicate and apply to other industries or sectors.
Impact of Oil Price and Shocks on Economic Growth of Pakistan: Multivariate Analysis

Oil is becoming the most prominent indicator of economic growth in Pakistan with increase of its demand. Also oil prices are doing their main contribution to impact the GDP of Pakistan including different shock dummies in data. In this study, Cobb-Douglas production function has used to construct model by introducing total oil consumption and Pakistan’s oil price variable to investigate the impact on GDP. ADF (1979), Johansen Maximum Likelihood method of cointegration (1988) and Granger causality test by applying restriction on dynamic model are used to test the order of integration, Long run and short run dynamics and causal relationship between variable using annual data since 1972-2011 in context of Pakistan. Through examining the results the long run and dynamic relationship has detected for all the variables except total and oil price variables for model has no short run impact on GDP. Oil prices impacting real GDP negatively in long run but positively in short run (Rasmussen and Roitman, 2011). There is evidence of causality between Oil consumption (including sectors) and economic growth.
Labor-management relations

Part A: Contemporary labour-management relations: 1: the industrial relations system. Part B: The historical and institutional context: 2: history and philosophy of american unions. 3: membership and structure in the american workplace. Part C: Management and employees (new): 4: unions, and the new workplace (new). 5: human diversity in the workplace. 6: the non-union employer. Part D: Labour-management relations and the legal setting. 7: statutory and judicial regulation. 8: the NLRB and unfair labour practices. 9: union organization for bargaining. Part E: Bargaining structure. 10: different patterns of relations in the private sector. 11: labour-management relations in the public sector. 12: industrial relations abroad. Part F: The collective bargaining process. 13: the negotiations process. 14: union organization for bargaining. 15: management preparations for negotiations. 16: strikes and dispute settlement. Part G: Subjects of collective bargaining. 17: rights of employees, unions, and management. 18: wages - theory and practice. 19: benefits. 20: grievances and arbitration. 21: quality, productivity and employment security. Part H: An assessment of labour-management relations. 22: the consequence of collective bargaining.
The Ant-Based Algorithm for the Data Gathering Routing Structure in Sensor Networks

The paper presents a data gathering routing algorithm of sensor networks according to ant algorithm based on MOP, which is achieved via visibility made up of reliability factor and efficiency factor. The MOP jointly optimizes over the efficiency and reliability of the routing build. The efficiency factor reflects the utilization of network resource. The reliability factor endows the artificial ants with the ability to judge node energy status, and importance level which is related to variable weight (VW). The goal of the algorithm is to find the optimal routing structure which can balance the cost of energy and delay, and enhance the reliability of data gathering. Thus the robustness of sensor networks is improved
HRM practices used to promote pro-environmental behavior: a UK survey

To date, the extent to which UK organizations use human resource management (HRM) practices to promote pro-environmental behavior through workplace HRM policies and initiatives is under-researched within the literature. Therefore, this paper presents results of a survey investigating current HRM practices used to promote pro-environmental behavior in a sample of 214 UK organizations representing different sizes and industry sectors. Overall, findings indicated that HRM practices are not used to a great extent to encourage employees to become more pro-environmental. The most prevalent practices used within organizations incorporated elements of management involvement supporting the idea that managers are the gatekeepers to environmental performance. Although organizations indicated that some HRM practices were more effective than others at encouraging pro-environmental behavior in their staff, only a very small percentage of organizations actually conducted any form of evaluation; organizations consequently lack clear evidence as to whether their HRM practices actually result in employee behavior change. Practical implications and future research directions are discussed.
Anomalous evidence in dividend announcement effect

Purpose – This paper seeks to examine the long-run financial and return performance of UK companies which are grouped according to whether or not they have changed their dividends and earnings. Prior research has been conducted using US data and they are limited to extreme dividend changes such as dividend initiations and omissions. They have also arrived at contradicting results; some report a drift in performance, while others document evidence of mean reversion in performance. The current paper hopes to resolve this conflict using data for a large sample of UK firms which disclosed more general changes in dividends and earnings. Design/methodology/approach - The aims of the paper are addressed using a stock market-based study of share price performance and a detailed analysis of company performance based on financial ratios. These analyses are conducted from five years before to five years after the announcement of dividend/earnings news. Findings - At the time of the announcements, share returns tend to be positive (negative) where companies have increased (decreased) the dividend and earnings. There is also evidence to suggest that the stock market has anticipated some of this news in the preceding 12 months. However, the dividend/earnings news does not appear to act as a signal of long-term future company performance; companies which cut this dividend and reported lower earnings achieved the largest excess returns over the next five years. A similar mean-revealing pattern existed in the financial ratios. Finally, most of the future long-term share performance was attributable to the earnings rather than to the dividend news. Research limitations/implications - The main implication of this research is that current dividend/earnings news is not a good guide to future company performance. Indeed, it is these firms which cut their dividends along with reporting a reduction of earnings which achieve excellent results over a subsequent five-year period. Of course, there are a number of limitations with the research; it draws on data from two previous studies, looks only at the UK and does not consider sophisticated models of investors' expectations with regard to dividend and earnings information. Originality/value - The main contribution of this paper is the long-run analysis of UK company performance following joint dividend-earnings announcements. The analysis is comprehensive in that it considers both stock market performance as well as financial ratio performance for a period of up to five years following the dividend-earnings news. Thus, it should be of interest to most UK investors as well as to financial managers with large quoted firms. Academics will also be interested in the results since they shed some light on an existing debate in the literature.