Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EARLY RENAL DENERVATION PREVENTS DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERTENSION IN GROWTH‐RESTRICTED OFFSPRING

1 Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk for the development of hypertension. Our laboratory uses a model of reduced uterine perfusion in the pregnant rat that results in intrauterine growth‐restricted (IUGR) offspring that develop hypertension at a prepubertal age. Although hypertension develops in both prepubertal male and female IUGR offspring, only male IUGR offspring remain hypertensive after puberty. We reported previously that bilateral renal denervation abolishes hypertension in adult male IUGR offspring, indicating an important role for the renal nerves in the maintenance of established IUGR‐induced hypertension. We also reported that angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition abolishes hypertension in adult male IUGR offspring. However, activation of the renin–angiotensin system does not occur in male IUGR offspring until after puberty, or after the development of established IUGR‐induced hypertension. Therefore, the mechanisms involved in the development of IUGR‐induced hypertension may differ from those involved in the maintenance of established IUGR‐induced hypertension. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether the renal nerves play a causative role in the early development of IUGR‐induced hypertension in prepubertal IUGR offspring. 2 Intrauterine growth‐restricted and control offspring were subjected to either bilateral renal denervation or sham denervation, respectively, at 4 weeks of age. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was determined at 6 weeks of age in conscious, chronically instrumented animals. Adequacy of renal denervation was verified by renal noradrenaline content. 3 Whereas renal denervation had no effect on MAP in control offspring (103 ± 2 vs 102 ± 3 mmHg for sham vs denervated, respectively), it reduced blood pressure in growth‐restricted offspring (114 ± 3 vs 104 ± 1 mmHg for sham vs denervated, respectively; P < 0.01). Renal noradrenaline content was significantly reduced in denervated animals relative to sham operated rats. 4 Thus, the data indicate a role for the renal nerves in the aetiology of IUGR‐induced hypertension and suggest that the renal nerves may participate in the early development of hypertension in IUGR offspring in addition to established hypertension observed in adult male IUGR offspring.
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study of 27 Children in Taif Region.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess epidemiologic, demographic characteristics and clinical findings of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) in the Taif region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Records of 27 patients who were followed-up with the diagnosis of HSP between January 2012 and December 2015 in the department of pediatrics in Alhada armed forces hospital of Taif region. Demographic characteristics of the patients, season of presentation, clinical findings, triggering factors, laboratory data, and the duration of follow-up periods were evaluated. Results: Of the 27 patients, 14 were boys (52%) and 13 were girls (48%), with a ratio of 1.1:1. Ages ranged from 2 years to 18 years, with a mean of 8.3 years. About 45% of the patients had a history of preceding upper respiratory infection. All of them had the typical skin rash. The percentages of joint, gastro-intestinal and renal manifestations were 85.2%, 77.8% and 37%, respectively. Testicular involvement was found in two patients, while no involvement was recorded for the central nervous system. Conclusion: It is obviously that HSP patients could have various clinical symptoms and exceptional complications; however, it can lead to long-term illness particularly in patients with severe kidney involvement. In this study, there were mean age and season distribution differences for the HSP patients in Taif region comparing to other area in KSA.
The experience of psychological reactance in response to encountering fees for public land recreation

Abstract The increasing use of fees by public leisure service providers has the potential to deprive lower income users of their ability to freely choose specific leisure settings and experiences supported by these settings. It has been suggested that the theory of psychological reactance captures the nature of negative affects when individuals’ ability to choose from a range of alternatives is impinged upon. Using data collected from visitors to a south‐eastern National Forest in the Unites States, we tested the hypothesis that household income would be inversely related to the experience of psychological reactance. Our data offered partial support for this hypothesis, illustrating significant differences between the highest and lowest income brackets in the hypothesized direction. These data suggest that lower income groups are more likely to respond negatively toward fees than higher income groups. We also suggest that psychological reactance deserves greater attention by leisure researchers, particularly for understanding the impacts of fees and other management actions that can potentially displace users of leisure services.
The NextGen JPDO Model of Interagency Planning

Abstract : The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is a Congressionally-mandated (Vision 100 Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act, December 2003) multi-agency and public-private initiative to transform the air transportation system to meet the Nation's future needs. NextGen is intended to simultaneously address multiple objectives, including increased capacity, improved efficiency, better safety and security, and reduced environmental impact. In addition to developing and deploying hardware and software, NextGen addresses the roles and responsibilities of the organizations and people that operate and use the system and the policies and processes that govern its operation. NextGen is a transformation of the total enterprise. The inherent complexity of such an endeavor requires that it is implemented in an evolutionary fashion to successively build out integrated capabilities, while managing risk and allowing inevitable course corrections. The Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) was formed as a part of the Vision 100 legislation to create and carryout an integrated plan for NextGen. Within the first year, the JPDO completed the top-level integrated plan to set specific objectives and strategies. Since then the JPDO has developed the more detailed multi-agency NextGen Plan that is meant to guide the transformation. The JPDO is now also performing substantial systems and portfolio analysis to provide decision support for the evolution towards NextGen. This paper will detail the characteristics of the NextGen enterprise, how those characteristics drive the approach to planning and facilitation that the JPDO has taken, and, finally, provide insight on the structure and utilization of the multi-agency NextGen Plan.
Doubly focused enumeration of locally square polynomial values

Let f be a nonconstant squarefree polynomial. Which of the values f(c + 1), f(c + 2), . , f(c + H) are locally square at all small primes? This paper presents an algorithm that answers this question in time H/M for an average small c as H → ∞, where M = H2 log H . In contrast, the usual method takes time H/M . This paper also presents the results of two record-setting computations: an enumeration of locally square integers up to 24 ·2, and an enumeration of locally square values of x + y for small x and y.
Attentional Allocation within the Syllabic Structure of Spoken Words

Abstract The role of the syllable during on-line speech perception was explored using a variant of the phoneme detection task developed by Pitt and Samuel (1990). In their task, listeners′ attention to phonemes in different serial positions inside word or nonword stimuli was manipulated by varying the probability that a target phoneme occurred in the various positions. In our experiments, French and Spanish subjects had to detect targets that appeared either in the coda of the first syllable or in the onset of the second syllable of carrier words. Subjects′ expectations about the structural position of the target were manipulated. In a series of five experiments (two using a decision paradigm and three using a detection paradigm), these expectations were shown to influence response latencies: that is, subjects who attended to the coda of the first syllable were faster when the target appeared in this position rather than in the onset of the second syllable; the reverse pattern was observed when subjects attended to the onset of the second syllable. This result held regardless of the serial position of the target. These results were equally valid for French and Spanish. Moreover, syllabification was present when Spanish pseudowords were used as carriers. The fact that subjects could focus their attention on a syllabically defined position, even when processing nonwords, suggests that syllabic information is specified at a prelexical level of representation. The phoneme detection task in which attention is manipulated provides us with an interesting new technique for exploring prelexical representations.
"Male Chauvinism" as a Manifestation of Love in Marriage

1 HE IMAGES of Japanese woman hood held by many in the West can be classed into two categories. One is the JAL stewardess, trained in a thousand year tradition to serve beautifully and gracefully; the other, as the feminists see her, is the shy female enslaved by men and by the society of which she is a part (Millet 1973). When I went to Japan, these stereotypes were part of my anthropological baggage. Upon seeing certain male patterns of behavior toward women I interpreted these as outright "male chauvinist pig" (MCP) acts, and I was continually outraged for the women with whom I identified. As I delved further and began to ask myself what was happening, I saw that the pattern was indeed MCP on the etic, or culturally universal, level. But what seemed to be hideous sexism was more complex when one began to interpret it on the emic, or culturally unique level. I found that certain forms of Japanese MCP behavior have crystallized out of conjugal relationships through many generations. These patterned ways of acting have acquired names and marks of recognition. Because they are commonly recognized they also are expectable. Japanese wives may not especially welcome them, but they are "normal" and thus perhaps not personally threatening. I want to examine the dynamics of Japanese marriage in its early stages, and the reasons why partners need to realign their relations. But first I need to explain whom I am talking about and then to sketch a paradigm of the early stages of marriage, in order to show the developmental context for the behavior I will discuss.
LOW PLASMA TESTOSTERONE IN VARICOCELE PATIENTS WITH IMPOTENCE AND MALE INFERTILITY

To study the affect of bilateral varicocele (grade 3) on impotence and male infertility patients, 29 patients were selected from an outpatient clinic during 15 May 1998 to 15 August 1999 (the mean age was 33.9 +/- 6.3), 15 patients complaining of erectile dysfunction and 14 patients complaining of male infertility. The mean duration of impotence was 3 +/- 2.3 years and for male infertility was 6 +/- 2.5. All organic and psychogenic causes related to impotence and male infertility except bilateral varicocele (grade 3) and low plasma testosterone were excluded by clinical and laboratory investigations. Twenty males with normal erection and fertility were included as controls. Detailed medical history and complete physical examination included measurement of testicular size by orchiometer; semen and hormonal parameters were measured for all patients and control. In impotent patients left and right testicular volume was significantly decreased (p < .05), while in male infertility patients left and right testicular volume was highly significantly and, significantly decreased (p < .005, p < .05) compared to controls. In male infertility patients, left testicular volume was highly significantly decreased compared to impotent patients (p < .005). The sperm count and semen volume in impotent patients was significantly decreased (p < .05, p < .01), but no significant differences were found in sperm motility and abnormal forms, while in male infertility the sperm count was highly significantly decreased (p < .005), the sperm motility was significantly decreased (p < .05), the abnormal form was significantly increased (p) < . 05), but in the semen volume there was no significant difference compared to controls. In impotent patients the sperm count was significantly increased and abnormal form was significantly decreased compared to male infertility (p < .05). The mean serum testosterone was significantly decreased in impotent patients (p < .01), and highly significantly decreased in male infertility (p < .005) compared to controls. The mean serum FSH was significantly increased in male infertility (p < .05) and nonsignificant in impotent patients compared to controls. The mean serum LH and prolactin levels were nonsignificant in both impotent and male infertility patients compared to controls, but LH was significantly increased in impotence compared to male infertility patients (p < .025). Therefore, bilateral varicocele (grade 3) is associated with significant reduction in testicular function with significant increase in serum levels of FSH and LH, which may cause erectile dysfunction and male infertility.
Towards a novel framework for the assessment of enterprise application integration packages

In addressing enterprise integration problems, a diversity of technologies such as CORBA and XML were promoted, yet no single integration technology solves all integration problems. As a result, a new generation of software called enterprise application integration (EAI) is emerging to addresses many integration problems by combining a diversity of integration technologies (e.g. message brokers, adapters, XML). Since EAI is a new research area, there is an absence of literature discussing issues like its adoption, evaluation and implementation. This paper, examines the application of two frameworks for the evaluation of EAI packages in the practical arena. In doing so, the authors use case study strategy to investigate integration issues. Empirical data derived from the case study suggest additions to the two evaluation frameworks. Therefore, the authors revised and extend previous works by proposing a evaluation framework for the assessment of EAI packages. The proposed framework makes contribution at two levels. First, at the conceptual level, as it incorporates criteria identified separately in previous studies as evaluation criteria. The proposed framework can be used as a decision-making tool and, supports management when taking decisions regarding the adoption of EAI. Additionally, it can be used by researchers to analyse and understand the capabilities of EAI packages.
Study of Excited B-mesons

Excited B mesons B1 and B * 2 are observed directly for the first time as two separate states in fully reconstructed decays to B +(*) π −. The mass of B1 is measured to be 5720.8 ± 2.5 ± 5.3 MeV/c 2 and the mass difference ΔM between B * 2 and B1 is 25.2 ± 3.0 ± 1.1 MeV/c 2. The production rate for BJ is calculated as a fraction 16.5 ± 2.4 ± 2.8% of the production rate of the B + meson.
An Efficient, Scalable Time-Frequency Method for Tracking Energy Usage of Domestic Appliances Using a Two-Step Classification Algorithm

Load monitoring is the practice of measuring electrical signals in a domestic environment in order to identify which electrical appliances are consuming power. One reason for developing a load monitoring system is to reduce power consumption by increasing consumers’ awareness of which appliances consume the most energy. Another example of an application of load monitoring is activity sensing in the home for the provision of healthcare services. This paper outlines the development of a load disaggregation method that measures the aggregate electrical signals of a domestic environment and extracts features to identify each power consuming appliance. A single sensor is deployed at the main incoming power point, to sample the aggregate current signal. The method senses when an appliance switches ON or OFF and uses a two-step classification algorithm to identify which appliance has caused the event. Parameters from the current in the temporal and frequency domains are used as features to define each appliance. These parameters are the steady-state current harmonics and the rate of change of the transient signal. Each appliance’s electrical characteristics are distinguishable using these parameters. There are three Types of loads that an appliance can fall into, linear nonreactive, linear reactive or nonlinear reactive. It has been found that by identifying the load type first and then using a second classifier to identify individual appliances within these Types, the overall accuracy of the identification algorithm is improved.
Modeling HIV-1 Drug Resistance as Episodic Directional Selection

The evolution of substitutions conferring drug resistance to HIV-1 is both episodic, occurring when patients are on antiretroviral therapy, and strongly directional, with site-specific resistant residues increasing in frequency over time. While methods exist to detect episodic diversifying selection and continuous directional selection, no evolutionary model combining these two properties has been proposed. We present two models of episodic directional selection (MEDS and EDEPS) which allow the a priori specification of lineages expected to have undergone directional selection. The models infer the sites and target residues that were likely subject to directional selection, using either codon or protein sequences. Compared to its null model of episodic diversifying selection, MEDS provides a superior fit to most sites known to be involved in drug resistance, and neither one test for episodic diversifying selection nor another for constant directional selection are able to detect as many true positives as MEDS and EDEPS while maintaining acceptable levels of false positives. This suggests that episodic directional selection is a better description of the process driving the evolution of drug resistance.
Measurement of deceptive voices: Comparing acoustic and perceptual data

ABSTRACT This study compared vocal features of deception that can be measured by acoustic equipment with vocal features of deception that can be measured perceptually by human coders. As deception researchers have traditionally measured vocal behavior with either acoustic or perceptual methods (but not both), it is uncertain what correspondence, if any, exists between these methods. This study attempted to determine the degree of this correspondence. Deceptive interactions from an earlier study (Burgoon, Buller, Ebesu, & Rockwell, 1994) were used to conduct a detailed analysis of the vocal features of deceptive speech. The vocal samples were analyzed perceptually and acoustically. Results indicated moderate correlations between some acoustic and perceptual variables; neither measurement type, however, proved conclusively superior to the other in discriminating between truth and deception.
Catalase and NO CATALASE ACTIVITY1 Promote Autophagy-Dependent Cell Death in Arabidopsis[C][W][OPEN]

Catalase directly interacts with and detoxifies reactive oxygen species. This work identifies catalase-deficient mutants in a screen for suppression of cell death and finds that promotion of cell death associated with the plant hypersensitive response requires catalase, suggesting that catalase could act as a direct molecular link between reactive oxygen species and cell death signaling. Programmed cell death often depends on generation of reactive oxygen species, which can be detoxified by antioxidative enzymes, including catalases. We previously isolated catalase-deficient mutants (cat2) in a screen for resistance to hydroxyurea-induced cell death. Here, we identify an Arabidopsis thaliana hydroxyurea-resistant autophagy mutant, atg2, which also shows reduced sensitivity to cell death triggered by the bacterial effector avrRpm1. To test if catalase deficiency likewise affected both hydroxyurea and avrRpm1 sensitivity, we selected mutants with extremely low catalase activities and showed that they carried mutations in a gene that we named NO CATALASE ACTIVITY1 (NCA1). nca1 mutants showed severely reduced activities of all three catalase isoforms in Arabidopsis, and loss of NCA1 function led to strong suppression of RPM1-triggered cell death. Basal and starvation-induced autophagy appeared normal in the nca1 and cat2 mutants. By contrast, autophagic degradation induced by avrRpm1 challenge was compromised, indicating that catalase acted upstream of immunity-triggered autophagy. The direct interaction of catalase with reactive oxygen species could allow catalase to act as a molecular link between reactive oxygen species and the promotion of autophagy-dependent cell death.
Approach to Object Security in Distributed SOM

We briefly review the IBM System Object Model (SOM, incorporated in SOMobjects™) and Distributed SOM (DSOM). We then describe the base DSOM security architecture characterized by the presence of the Object Security Service (OSS) framework in the DSOM run-time environment. Depending on its implementation, this framework can be wrapped around procedural security service providers, thus taking advantage of existing security mechanisms. Subsequently we elaborate on the OSS elements for authentication and authorization and how they relate to the DSOM Object Request Broker (ORB™) on the one hand, and to the client and server applications on the other hand. We discuss the DSOM approach to object access control and present a novel method for enforcing it.
An Evaluation Framework for Plagiarism Detection

We present an evaluation framework for plagiarism detection. The framework provides performance measures that address the specifics of plagiarism detection, and the PAN-PC-10 corpus, which contains 64 558 artificial and 4 000 simulated plagiarism cases, the latter generated via Amazon's Mechanical Turk. We discuss the construction principles behind the measures and the corpus, and we compare the quality of our corpus to existing corpora. Our analysis gives empirical evidence that the construction of tailored training corpora for plagiarism detection can be automated, and hence be done on a large scale.
Pretransplant blood transfusions revisited: a role for CD4+ regulatory T cells?1

Pretransplant blood transfusions have been shown to improve organ allograft survival. However, the immunologic mechanism leading to this beneficial effect of blood transfusions is still unknown. The observation that transfusions sharing at least one HLA-DR antigen (human leukocyte antigen) with the recipient are more effective than HLA-mismatched transfusions has led to the hypothesis that CD4+ regulatory T cells are induced that recognize allopeptides of the blood transfusion donor in the context of the self–HLA-DR molecule on the donor cells. In vitro studies showed that CD4+ T cells recognizing an allopeptide in the context of self–HLA-DR are indeed able to decrease the alloimmune response of autologous T cells by affecting the activated T cells directly or indirectly by their modulatory effect on dendritic cells. The first studies in a patient with a well-functioning kidney graft after receiving an HLA-DR–matched pretransplant blood transfusion showed that the low organ donor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response after transplantation was indeed attributable to the activity of regulatory CD4+ T cells.