Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monosynaptic EPSPs elicited by single interneurones and spindle afferents in trigeminal motoneurones of anaesthetized rats.

1. Our aim has been to quantify the monosynaptic connections of trigeminal interneurones and spindle afferents onto jaw‐elevator motoneurones as a step towards identifying common features in organization of monosynaptic inputs onto motoneurones. We have used the intracellular variant of the spike‐triggered averaging method to examine the connections of single identified trigeminal interneurones and jaw‐elevator muscle spindle afferents onto single jaw‐elevator motoneurones. The interneurones examined lay in the region immediately caudal to the trigeminal motor nucleus. The experiments were performed on rats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, paralysed and artificially ventilated. 2. Ten EPSPs and eight IPSPs were obtained from examining the connections of seventeen interneurones to thirty‐six motoneurones, suggesting a functional connectivity of 50% for individual interneurones onto elevator motoneurones. Fourteen EPSPs were obtained from examining the connections of thirteen spindle afferents onto twenty‐seven motoneurones, giving a functional connectivity of 52% for individual spindle afferents onto elevator motoneurones. The amplitudes of the EPSPs elicited by interneurones ranged from 7‐48 microV (mean = 17, S.D. = 12.5, n = 10) and from 7 to 289 microV (mean = 64, S.D. = 76.0, n = 14) for the spindle‐mediated EPSPs; the difference in the two means was not significant (P = 0.07). 3. However, the amplitude of averaged responses obtained by signal averaging methods are dependent on the assumption that the postsynaptic response occurs following every impulse in the presynaptic neurone. We therefore estimated the percentage of sweeps which contained EPSPs triggered by the presynaptic neurone under study. In essence the method used consisted of visual inspection of the individual sweeps comprising an average in order to assess the occurrence of EPSPs within six separate time windows, each of duration +/‐ 0.3 ms. Five windows were placed at randomly selected times on average and were used to provide an estimate of the frequency of occurrence of randomly triggered EPSPs. The sixth window was centred on the start of the averaged EPSP and the frequency of occurrence of randomly triggered EPSPs was subtracted from the frequency of occurrence of EPSPs in this window to produce an estimate of the incidence of EPSPs triggered by the presynaptic neurone under study. 4. Values of the incidence of occurrence of EPSPs triggered by the presynaptic neurones ranged from 4.3 to 92% for the fifteen averaged EPSPs which could be analysed in this manner (two elicited by interneurones and thirteen by spindle afferents). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Revisiting ‘how we learn’ in academia: practice‐based learning exchanges in three Australian universities

Ideas of ‘how we learn’ in formal academic settings have changed markedly in recent decades. The primary position that universities once held on shaping what constitutes learning has come into question from a range of experience‐led and situated learning models. Drawing on findings from a study conducted across three Australian universities, the article focuses on the multifarious learning experiences indicative of practice‐based learning exchanges such as student placements. Building on both experiential and situated learning theories, the authors found that students can experience transformative and emotional elucidations of learning, that can challenge tacit assumptions and transform the ways they understand the world. It was found that all participants (hosts, students, academics) both teach and learn in these educative scenarios and that, contrary to common (mis)perceptions that academics live in ‘ivory towers’, they play a crucial role in contributing to learning that takes place in the so‐called ‘real world’.
Polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite loci in Nelumbo (Nelumbonaceae).

PREMISE OF THE STUDY To study population genetics, phylogeography, and hybridization of Nelumbo (Nelumbonaceae), chloroplast microsatellite markers were developed. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventeen microsatellite loci were identified from the chloroplast genomes of N. nucifera and N. lutea. Polymorphisms were assessed in three populations of N. nucifera and one population of N. lutea. Nine loci were found to be polymorphic in N. nucifera, and all 17 loci were found to be polymorphic in N. lutea. In N. nucifera, the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to six, and the unbiased haploid diversity per locus ranged from 0.198 to 0.790. In N. lutea, the number of alleles ranged from two to four, and the unbiased haploid diversity per locus ranged from 0.245 to 0.694. CONCLUSIONS The identified chloroplast simple sequence repeat markers will be useful for the study of genetic diversity, phylogeography, and identification of Nelumbo cultivars.
THE PRODUCTION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITY: A CONSTRUCTIVIST PERSPECTIVE (SUMMARY)

This article presents a conceptual model of entrepreneurial opportunity production from a constructivist perspective. The model assumes that opportunity production proceeds through several stages, including conceptualization of an opportunity idea by an entrepreneur, objectification of that idea, and enactment of the opportunity into a new venture. However, not all opportunity ideas survive this full process. Between the conceptualization stage and the objectification stage, some ideas are abandoned due to inadequate objectification. Also, between the objectification stage and the enactment stage, some objectified opportunities are abandoned due to insufficient resource support. We identify variables that influence the likelihood that opportunity ideas will be objectified and other variables that influence the likelihood that objectified opportunities will be enacted, and these variables are incorporated into empirically testable propositions. In the discussion section, we describe several boundary conditions for our theory, contrast the theory with objectivist (discovery) theory, and derive implications for future research. Copyright © 2010 Strategic Management Society.
How do CARs work?

Second-generation chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are powerful tools to redirect antigen-specific T cells independently of HLA-restriction. Recent clinical studies evaluating CD19-targeted T cells in patients with B-cell malignancies demonstrate the potency of CAR-engineered T cells. With results from 28 subjects enrolled by five centers conducting studies in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or lymphoma, some insights into the parameters that determine T-cell function and clinical outcome of CAR-based approaches are emerging. These parameters involve CAR design, T-cell production methods, conditioning chemotherapy as well as patient selection. Here, we discuss the potential relevance of these findings and in particular the interplay between the adoptive transfer of T cells and pre-transfer patient conditioning.
The coagulopathy of acute sepsis

Purpose of review Sepsis, defined by the presence of infection and host inflammation, is a lethal clinical syndrome with an increasing mortality rate worldwide. In severe disease, the coagulation system becomes diffusely activated, with consumption of multiple clotting factors resulting in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). When present, DIC portends a higher mortality rate. Understanding the mechanisms that tie inflammation and diffuse thrombosis will allow therapeutic interventions to be developed. The coagulopathy of acute sepsis is a dynamic process that is time and disease burden specific. Whole-blood testing of coagulation may provide more clinically useful information than the classical tests. Natural anticoagulants that regulate thrombosis are downregulated in sepsis. Patients may benefit from the modulation of the coagulation system when systemic inflammation and hypercoagulopathy exist. Proper timing of anticoagulant therapy may ultimately lead to decreased incidence of multisystem organ dysfunction. Recent findings The pathogenesis of coagulopathy in sepsis is driven by an upregulation of procoagulant mechanisms and simultaneous downregulation of natural anticoagulants. Inflammation caused by the invading organism is a natural host defense that cannot be eliminated during treatment. Successful strategies to prevent multisystem organ dysfunction center on stratifying patients at high risk for DIC and restoring the balance of inflammation and coagulation. Summary The prevention of DIC in septic patients is a key therapeutic target in preventing death from multisystem organ failure. Stratifying patients for therapy using thromboelastometry, specific markers for DIC, and composite scoring systems is an area of growing research.
Iliopsoas Impingement on the Acetabular Component: Radiologic and Computed Tomography Findings of a Rare Hip Prosthesis Complication in Eight Cases

Objective To describe the radiographic and computed tomography (CT) scan features of iliopsoas impingement on the acetabular component (IPI) in total hip arthroplasty. Method Eight cases of iliopsoas impingement were diagnosed and confirmed by surgical revision. The plain film radiograph findings and CT scan findings were compared with those of two control populations (8 patients with painless total hip prosthesis and 16 patients with other complications confirmed by surgical revision). Results An oversized cup was found in four hips with IPI (50%) and in one hip with another complication (6%). Coronal inclination of the acetabular cup was normal in the IPI group and in the two control groups, with a similar mean cup size. All patients with IPI had an acetabular cup overhang of more than 12 mm. Conversely, in the two control groups, the overhang, present in three and two cases, respectively, was always less than 8 mm. Iliopsoas bursal effusion was present in four hips with IPI and three hips with other complications and was never present in normal prostheses. Conclusion More than a 12-mm overhang of the acetabular cup is a sensitive and specific parameter for diagnosing IPI.
The critical role of magnetic helicity in astrophysical large-scale dynamos

The role of magnetic helicity in astrophysical large-scale dynamos is reviewed and compared with cases where there is no energy supply and an initial magnetic field can only decay. In both cases magnetic energy tends to get redistributed to larger scales. Depending on the efficiency of magnetic helicity fluxes the decay of a helical field can speed up. Likewise, the saturation of a helical dynamo can speed up through magnetic helicity fluxes. The astrophysical importance of these processes is reviewed in the context of the solar dynamo and an estimated upper limit for the magnetic helicity flux of 1046 Mx2/cycle is given.
Sequence Analysis and Identification of New Isoform of EP4 Receptors in Different Atlantic Salmon Tissues (Salmo salar L.) and Its Role in PGE2 Induced Immunomodulation In Vitro

PGE2 plays an important role in a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes mediated through a membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) called EP receptor. In mammals, four subtypes of EP receptor (EP 1-4) are identified and each of them functions through different signal transduction pathways. Orthologous EP receptors have also been identified in other non-mammalian species, such as chicken and zebrafish. EP4 is the only identified PGE2 receptor to date in Atlantic salmon but its tissue distribution and function have not been studied in any detail. In this study, we first sequenced EP4 receptor in different tissues and found that the presence of the 3nt deletion in the 5’ untranslated region was accompanied by silent mutation at nt 668. While attempting to amplify the same sequence in TO cells (an Atlantic salmon macrophage-like cell line), we failed to obtain the full-length product. Further investigation revealed different isoform of EP4 receptor in TO cells and we subsequently documented its presence in different Atlantic salmon tissues. These two isoforms of EP4 receptor share high homology in their first half of sequence but differ in the second half part with several deletion segments though the final length of coding sequence is the same for two isoforms. We further studied the immunomodulation effect of PGE2 in TO cells and found that PGE2 inhibited the induction of CXCL-10, CCL-4, IL-8 and IL-1β genes expression in a time dependent manner and without cAMP upregulation.
Outcomes and Discard of Kidneys From Pediatric Donors After Cardiac Death

Background. Kidney transplants from pediatric donors after cardiac death (PDCD) have quadrupled in the past 9 years, but little data exist on outcomes using these donors. We hypothesized that pediatric organs might be more sensitive to the pathophysiology of cardiac death. Methods. We evaluated outcomes and rates of discard of more than 12,000 pediatric kidneys recovered between 2000 and 2009. We compared short- and long-term graft function among adult and pediatric recipients of PDCD kidneys compared with recipients of pediatric kidneys from donors after brain death (PDBD). Results. Overall, 6.3% of pediatric kidneys recovered were PDCD and 93.7% were PDBD. Discard rates were higher for PDCD kidneys (adjusted odds ratio=1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.31–2.18, P<0.001). Delayed graft function (DGF) was twice as common in recipients of PDCD grafts compared with PDBD (26.2% vs. 13.0%, P<0.001); however, among pediatric recipients, DGF rates were half of those observed in adults, and a statistically significant difference in DGF could not be detected between PDBD and PDCD grafts (6.9% vs. 4.9%, P=0.6). Among all recipients, PDCD kidneys had a greater risk of graft loss compared with PDBD kidneys (adjusted hazard ratio=1.32, 95% CI=1.06–1.65, P=0.01), although among pediatric recipients this increased risk was not statistically significant (adjusted hazard ratio=2.01, 95% CI=0.89–4.54, P=0.1). Conclusions. The differences in outcomes between adult recipients of PDCD and PDBD kidneys, and the attenuation of these differences among pediatric recipients, should be weighed against risks of prolonged waitlist time in recipients being considered for these grafts.
Spatial memory deficit across aging: current insights of the role of 5-HT7 receptors

Elderly persons often face biological, psychological or social changes over time that may cause discomfort or morbidity. While some cognitive domains remain stable over time, others undergo a decline. Spatial navigation is a complex cognitive function essential for independence, safety and quality of life. While egocentric (body-centered) navigation is quite preserved during aging, allocentric (externally-centered) navigation—based on a cognitive map using distant landmarks—declines with age. Recent preclinical studies showed that serotonergic 5-HT7 receptors are localized in brain regions associated with allocentric spatial navigation processing. Behavioral assessments with pharmacological or genetic tools have confirmed the role of 5-HT7 receptors in allocentric navigation. Moreover, few data suggested a selective age-related decrease in the expression of 5-HT7 receptors in pivotal brain structures implicated in allocentric navigation such as the hippocampal CA3 region. We aim to provide a short overview of the potential role of 5-HT7 receptors in spatial navigation, and to argue for their interests as therapeutic targets against age-related cognitive decline.
Incorporating priors for EEG source imaging and connectivity analysis

Electroencephalography source imaging (ESI) is a useful technique to localize the generators from a given scalp electric measurement and to investigate the temporal dynamics of the large-scale neural circuits. By introducing reasonable priors from other modalities, ESI reveals the most probable sources and communication structures at every moment in time. Here, we review the available priors from such techniques as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). The modality's specific contribution is analyzed from the perspective of source reconstruction. For spatial priors, EEG-correlated fMRI, temporally coherent networks (TCNs) and resting-state fMRI are systematically introduced in the ESI. Moreover, the fiber tracking (diffusion tensor imaging, DTI) and neuro-stimulation techniques (transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS) are also introduced as the potential priors, which can help to draw inferences about the neuroelectric connectivity in the source space. We conclude that combining EEG source imaging with other complementary modalities is a promising approach toward the study of brain networks in cognitive and clinical neurosciences.
Model Semantics and Simulation of Time Scale Abstractions in Collision Models

Effective design of models requires simplification of different components of the system. For example, interactions of the system under scrutiny with its environment are modeled as idealized sources and sinks, and system behavior is derived from idealized interactions among constituent components. Some of the more detailed behavior is governed by small parameters, that produce continuous but complex nonlinear behaviors. These nonlinear continuous behaviors are often simplified to piecewise continuous forms, which then results in discontinuities at the temporal or spatial scale of interest. The resulting models are of a mixed continuous/discrete, or hybrid, nature. Physical systems theory based on continuity of power and conservation of energy is well understood. However, once discontinuous effects are included, these laws may be violated at the macroscopic level. The challenge is to endow hybrid models with semantics that do not violate the underlying physical nature of the system. This paper studies the effects and semantics of time scale abstraction, such as embodied by Newton's collision rule. The results show that hybrid modeling of physical systems can be systematic without the need for ad hoc hysteresis effects.
Using Supercomputer to Speed up Neural Network Training

Recent works in deep learning have shown that large models can dramatically improve performance. In this paper, we accelerated the deep network training using many GPUs. We have developed a framework based on Caffe called Caffe-HPC that can utilize computing clusters with multiple GPUs to train large models. Caffe[6] provides multimedia scientists and practitioners with a clean and modifiable framework for state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms and a collection of reference models. And Caffe-HPC retains all the features of the original Caffe, the model trained on original Caffe can be continue to trained on Caffe-HPC. It provides a convenient solution for people who are using Caffe and want to speed up the training. Using an Asynchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent optimizer, We made a good acceleration on training a CNN model on ILSVRC[5] 2012 dataset. And we have compared the convergence of different SGD algorithms. We believe our work will makes it possible to train larger networks on larger training sets in a reasonable amount of time.
Rare events of transitory queues

Abstract We study the rare-event behavior of the workload process in a transitory queue, where the arrival epochs (or 'points') of a finite number of jobs are assumed to be the ordered statistics of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables. The service times (or 'marks') of the jobs are assumed to be i.i. d. random variables with a general distribution, that are jointly independent of the arrival epochs. Under the assumption that the service times are strictly positive, we derive the large deviations principle (LDP) satisfied by the workload process. The analysis leverages the connection between ordered statistics and self-normalized sums of exponential random variables to establish the LDP. In this paper we present the first analysis of rare events in transitory queueing models, supplementing prior work that has focused on fluid and diffusion approximations.
The role of integrity and personality in counterproductive work behaviour

Organisations attempt to select employees that will make an effective contribution towards organisational performance. Traditionally, the emphasis was on selecting new staff on the basis of cognitive and behavioural attributes, which are linked to positive constructs such as technical competence, involvement, commitment and productivity. More recently, the domain of staff selection has widened to include the selection of individuals who would avoid counterproductive work behaviours. Based on previous studies, this study investigated the three most dominant constructs in this domain, i.e. personality, integrity and counterproductive work behaviour. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between selected personality dimensions and integrity, and how these personality dimensions and integrity are related to counterproductive work behaviour. Based on the existing literature, a theoretical model depicting how these constructs are related to one another was developed and a number of hypotheses were formulated. The data for this study were obtained via questionnaires from a non-probability sample in the South African retail and security industries. The total sample size consisted of 1176 non-managerial employees and job applicants. The postulated relationships were empirically tested using various statistical methods. Reliability analyses were done on all the measurement scales and adequate reliability was found. The content and structure of the measured constructs were investigated by means of confirmatory, and where necessary, exploratory factor analyses. The results indicated that reasonable fit was achieved for all the refined measurement models. Subsequently, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to determine the extent to which the conceptual model fitted the data obtained from the sample and to test the relationships between the constructs. In line with previous research, the results indicated positive relationships between conscientiousness and integrity, and adjustment and integrity. Negative relationships between neuroticism and integrity and fearfulness and integrity were found. Contrary Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
The Effectiveness of a Manualized Yoga Intervention on Classroom Behaviors in Elementary School Children with Disabilities: A Pilot Study

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the Get Ready to Learn (GRTL) program in improving classroom behaviors of elementary students with disabilities. A pretest-posttest research design was used for a cohort of 51 elementary students with disabilities. The GRTL program was carried out daily, for 20 minutes, in self-contained classrooms. The primary outcome measure was the GRTL© Supplemental Data Sheet, a Likert scale that measured improvements in independence, attention, transition, and self-regulation. Results indicate that the GRTL program significantly improved four key classroom behaviors when the program was implemented for 16 to 19 weeks.
The Algebraic Mind: Integrating Connectionism and Cognitive Science

In The Algebraic Mind, Gary Marcus attempts to integrate two theories about how the mind works, one that says that the mind is a computer-like manipulator of symbols, and another that says that the mind is a large network of neurons working together in parallel. Resisting the conventional wisdom that says that if the mind is a large neural network it cannot simultaneously be a manipulator of symbols, Marcus outlines a variety of ways in which neural systems could be organized so as to manipulate symbols, and he shows why such systems are more likely to provide an adequate substrate for language and cognition than neural systems that are inconsistent with the manipulation of symbols. Concluding with a discussion of how a neurally realized system of symbol-manipulation could have evolved and how such a system could unfold developmentally within the womb, Marcus helps to set the future agenda of cognitive neuroscience.