Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of preschool phoneme identity training after six years: Outcome level distinguished from rate of response.

Grade 5 children who had been trained in phoneme identity 6 years earlier in preschool were superior to untrained controls on irregular word reading; on a composite list of nonwords, regular words, and irregular words; and on a separate nonword test. Some of the trained children had become poor readers by Grade 5. These poor readers had made slow progress in achieving phonemic awareness in preschool even though they were eventually successful. In general, the rate at which trained children achieved phonemic awareness in preschool accounted for variance in school literacy progress in addition to that accounted for by the actual level of phonemic awareness achieved. Preschool instruction in phonemic structure had modest but detectable effects on later reading skill, but children who were slow to achieve phonemic awareness tended to be hampered in later reading growth.
Social identity and linguistic creativity: Manifestations of the use of multilingualism in South African advertising

Abstract This article is about an exploratory, qualitative study that used a range of advertisements to investigate the extent to which they revealed social identity and linguistic creativity in South African multilingual advertising. The selection of the texts was done on the basis of convenience sampling. For instruments, Carter and Nash's (1999) cline of literariness and Fairclough's (1992) framework for a critical reading of a text were employed. The study concludes that while there are still some areas of advertising South Africa has not exploited, there has been a significant use of multilingual advertising in the country, which has given rise to the creation of a new social identity and linguistic creativity seldom seen before in South Africa.
A participative intervention to improve employee well-being in knowledge work jobs: A mixed-methods evaluation study

Many workers are employed in knowledge work (i.e. cognitively demanding jobs involving knowledge, such as IT engineers, academics and accountants). Using a mixed-methods approach, this study evaluated a participative organizational-level occupational health intervention designed to improve working conditions and psychological well-being of knowledge workers across six organizations in Denmark. The intervention was conducted over 14 months, including the planning, implementation and evaluation phases. Quantitative surveys were conducted at two time points (Ns: Time 1 = 157, Time 2 = 154, Time 1/2 = 99), and interviews and workshops were conducted at various stages. The qualitative evaluation showed that participants implemented relational and work process initiatives in response to concerns about task uncertainty, task ambiguity, job complexity and task interdependencies. The quantitative evaluation showed significant improvements in relational job characteristics and burnout. The scale of implementation depended upon employee commitment, timely support from senior management, provision of information, change process expertise, and appreciation of the social meanings and relational implications of job change initiatives. The study illuminates the challenges of job redesign in knowledge work jobs and shows that certain strategies (e.g. enriching job discretion) may not be suitable in such jobs because they may increase already problematic levels of task uncertainty and ambiguity.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Degradation Requires Lumen to Cytosol Signaling

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) is required for ubiquitin-mediated destruction of numerous proteins. ERAD occurs by processes on both sides of the ER membrane, including lumenal substrate scanning and cytosolic destruction by the proteasome. The ER resident membrane proteins Hrd1p and Hrd3p play central roles in ERAD. We show that these two proteins directly interact through the Hrd1p transmembrane domain, allowing Hrd1p stability by Hrd3p-dependent control of the Hrd1p RING-H2 domain activity. Rigorous reevaluation of Hrd1p topology demonstrated that the Hrd1p RING-H2 domain is located and functions in the cytosol. An engineered, completely lumenal, truncated version of Hrd3p functioned normally in both ERAD and Hrd1p stabilization, indicating that the lumenal domain of Hrd3p regulates the cytosolic Hrd1p RING-H2 domain by signaling through the Hrd1p transmembrane domain. Additionally, we identified a lumenal region of Hrd3p dispensable for regulation of Hrd1p stability, but absolutely required for normal ERAD. Our studies show that Hrd1p and Hrd3p form a stoichiometric complex with ERAD determinants in both the lumen and the cytosol. The HRD complex engages in lumen to cytosol communication required for regulation of Hrd1p stability and the coordination of ERAD events on both sides of the ER membrane.
Endothelial cell‐derived angiopoietin‐2 is a therapeutic target in treatment‐naive and bevacizumab‐resistant glioblastoma

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is treated by surgical resection followed by radiochemotherapy. Bevacizumab is commonly deployed for anti‐angiogenic therapy of recurrent GBM; however, innate immune cells have been identified as instigators of resistance to bevacizumab treatment. We identified angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) as a potential target in both naive and bevacizumab‐treated glioblastoma. Ang‐2 expression was absent in normal human brain endothelium, while the highest Ang‐2 levels were observed in bevacizumab‐treated GBM. In a murine GBM model, VEGF blockade resulted in endothelial upregulation of Ang‐2, whereas the combined inhibition of VEGF and Ang‐2 leads to extended survival, decreased vascular permeability, depletion of tumor‐associated macrophages, improved pericyte coverage, and increased numbers of intratumoral T lymphocytes. CD206+ (M2‐like) macrophages were identified as potential novel targets following anti‐angiogenic therapy. Our findings imply a novel role for endothelial cells in therapy resistance and identify endothelial cell/myeloid cell crosstalk mediated by Ang‐2 as a potential resistance mechanism. Therefore, combining VEGF blockade with inhibition of Ang‐2 may potentially overcome resistance to bevacizumab therapy.
Changes in the Expression of FUS/TLS in Spinal Cords of SOD1 G93A Transgenic Mice and Correlation with Motor-Neuron Degeneration

In order to searching the possible pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we examined the expression and distribution of FUS/TLS protein in the different anatomic regions, segments and neural cells of adult spinal cord at the different stages of the SOD1 wild-type and G93A transgenic mice using the fluorescent immunohistochemistry. Result revealed that, in the SOD1 wild-type mice, the FUS/TLS expression almost wasn't detected. However, in the SOD1 G93A mice, the FUS/TLS expression in the white matter was significantly more than that in the gray matter. In the white matter, the FUS/TLS expression in the anterior funiculus was more than that in the lateral funiculus more than that in the posterior funiculus. In the gray matter, the FUS/TLS expression in the ventral horn was more than that surrounding the central canal more than that in the dorsal horn. The FUS/TLS expression in the thoracic segment was more than that in the cervical segment more than that in the lumbar segment. Almost all FUS/TLS expressed in the nuclear of the GFAP positive cell at the onset stage, but it expressed in both the nuclear and the cytoplasm of the GFAP positive cell at the progression stage, almost didn't detected FUS/TLS expression in the NeuN and Oligo positive cells. The FUS/TLS expression was positively correlated with the neuron death. Our data suggested that the expressive increase and mislocalization of FUS/TLS in the astrocyte cell might cause the motor neuron degenerative death in the SOD1 G93A transgenic mice.
On the renormalization of Hamiltonian flows, and critical invariant tori

We analyze a renormalization group transformation $\mathcal R$ for partially analytic Hamiltonians, with emphasis on what seems to be needed for the construction of non-integrable fixed points. Under certain assumptions, which are supported by numerical data in the golden mean case, we prove that such a fixed point has a critical invariant torus. The proof is constructive and can be used for numerical computations. We also relate $\mathcal R$ to a renormalization group transformation for commuting maps.
Determination of Bacterial Cell Dry Mass by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Densitometric Image Analysis

ABSTRACT We applied transmission electron microscopy and densitometric image analysis to measure the cell volume (V) and dry weight (DW) of single bacterial cells. The system was applied to measure the DW ofEscherichia coli DSM 613 at different growth phases and of natural bacterial assemblages of two lakes, Piburger See and Gossenköllesee. We found a functional allometric relationship between DW (in femtograms) and V (in cubic micrometers) of bacteria (DW = 435 · V0.86); i.e., smaller bacteria had a higher ratio of DW to V than larger cells. The measured DW of E. coli cells ranged from 83 to 1,172 fg, and V ranged from 0.1 to 3.5 μm3(n = 678). Bacterial cells from Piburger See and Gossenköllesee (n = 465) had DWs from 3 fg (V = 0.003 μm3) to 1,177 fg (V = 3.5 μm3). Between 40 and 50% of the cells had a DW of less than 20 fg. By assuming that carbon comprises 50% of the DW, the ratio of carbon content to Vof individual cells varied from 466 fg of C μm−3 forVs of 0.001 to 0.01 μm3 to 397 fg of C μm−3 (0.01 to 0.1 μm3) and 288 fg of C μm−3 (0.1 to 1 μm3). Exponentially growing and stationary cells of E. coli DSM 613 showed conversion factors of 254 fg of C μm−3 (0.1 to 1 μm3) and 211 fg of C μm−3 (1 to 4 μm3), respectively. Our data suggest that bacterial biomass in aquatic environments is higher and more variable than previously assumed from volume-based measurements.
Using peer feedback in a Master's programme: a multiple case study

This article draws on the findings of a longitudinal case study, which investigated the writing experiences of five students who spoke English as an additional language (EAL). The major interest was in examining what it was like to be an EAL writer and what changes occurred in EAL students' perceptions of academic writing and of themselves as academic writers during their one-year Taught Masters course at a major UK University. This article reflects on the perceptions of peer feedback held by research participants and their engagement with providing and receiving peer comments. Although peer feedback is often viewed as an attractive tool for supporting student writing, most participants did not fully capitalise on the benefits of these practices. Such factors as students' lack of prior peer feedback and their perceptions of peers' ability to provide valid feedback constituted potential barriers to the success of peer feedback. The article suggests that the use of well-structured collaborative activities and tutors' intervention are required for peer feedback to be effective.
Criminological and Criminal Justice Education in India: A Comparative Note

In an effort to understand criminal justice education comparatively, we trace the development of the field in India considering both general education and specific job training. We find that there are several key similarities and differences in comparison to the US. After discussing these findings, we raise four questions which emerge from the comparison: the national government’s influence over criminal justice education; the gap between academic education and job‐related training; the influence of level of economic development on crime‐related education; and, the circumstances surrounding the influence of outsiders and outside agencies on criminal justice education.
In-Situ Evaluation of Detwinning Behavior in Extruded AZ31 Mg Alloy by AE

for relationship between applied strain and cumulative AE counts during the anelastic recovery process was proposed. Therefore, AE is a promising method to study dynamic detwinning mechanism. The object of this study is to evaluate detwinning behavior during the tensile testing with twin-induced AZ31 Mg alloy by AE method. The texture evolution of the alloy during the tensile test was examined by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The characteristics of the detwinning behaviors are discussed based on the results of AE analysis and microstructural features.
Determination of Cosmological Parameters

Rapid progress has been made recently toward the measurement of cosmological parameters. Still, there are areas remaining where future progress will be relatively slow and difficult, and where further attention is needed. In this review, the status of measurements of the matter density (Ωm), the vacuum energy density or cosmological constant (ΩΛ), the Hubble constant (H0), and ages of the oldest measured objects (t0) are summarized. Many recent, independent dynamical measurements are yielding a low value for the matter density (Ωm ~ 0.3). New evidence from type Ia supernovae suggests that ΩΛ may be non-zero. Many recent Hubble constant measurements appear to be converging in the range of 65–75 km/s/Mpc. Eliminating systematic errors lies at the heart of accurate measurements for all of these parameters; as a result, a wide range of cosmological parameter space is currently still open. Fortunately, the prospects for accurately measuring cosmological parameters continue to increase and there is good reason for optimism that success may shortly be forthcoming.
Antiproliferative evaluation of terpenoids and terpenoid coumarins from Ferulago macrocarpa (Fenzl) Boiss. fruits

Background: Ferulago macrocarpa is a plant used as flavoring agent and protectant in the food industry and as a folk medicinal plant in Iran with no available information on its chemical identity. Ferulago spp. showed to contain biologically terpenoids and coumarins. Objective: The objective was to isolate and characterize terpenoids and coumarins from the acetone extract of F. macrocarpa fruits and to evaluate their antiproliferative effects on several cell lines. Materials and Methods: A series of normal and reverse phase gravity and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses were used to purify constituents. Compounds 1-5 and 7 were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects on MCF-7, HT-29 and H-1299 cell lines. Results: Six compounds including bornyl acetate (1), 1,10-di-epi-cubenol (2), stigmasterol (3) and three coumarins grandivittin (4), prantschimgin (5) and 4"-hydroxygrandivittin (7) along with mixtures of feruloyl derivatives (6a-6c) have been purified. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance and MS analyses. Compound 2 showed moderate cytotoxicity effect with IC 50 values of 5.0 and 6.7 mM on MCF-7 and HT-29, respectively. Conclusion: 1,10-di-epi-Cubenol could be considered as a potential proliferation inhibitor of MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines.
The haptic display of complex graphical environments

Force feedback coupled with visual display allows people to interact intuitiv ely with complex virtual environments. For this synergy of haptics and graphics to flourish, however, haptic systems must be capable of modeling environments with the same richness, complexity and interactivity that can be found in existing graphic systems. To help meet this challenge, we have developed a haptic rendering system that allows for the efficient tactile display of graphical information. The system uses a common high-level framework to model contact constraints, surface shading, friction and tex ture. The multilevel control system also helps ensure that the haptic device will remain stable even as the limits of the renderer’s capabilities are reached.
Physicians’ stated trade-off preferences for chronic hepatitis B treatment outcomes in Germany, France, Spain, Turkey, and Italy

Objective To quantify physicians’ preferences among possible outcomes associated with chronic hepatitis B treatments and to determine which outcomes are most important to physicians in making treatment decisions. Methods Physicians in five countries who treat chronic hepatitis B patients completed a web-enabled, choice-format, conjoint-analysis survey. The survey presented physicians with four treatment-choice questions for three different patient types. Each treatment-choice question included a pair of hypothetical medication profiles. Medication outcomes included how long the medication has been studied (weight of evidence); the probability that a patient’s viral load remains undetectable for 5 years, with a possible histological improvement or reversal of disease progression (long-term efficacy); the 5-year treatment-related risk of fracture; the 5-year treatment-related risk of renal dysfunction; and patient cost. Treatment-choice questions were derived from a predetermined experimental design with known statistical properties. For each country, the random-parameters logit was used to estimate preference weights for all outcome levels and the mean relative importance of each outcome. Results Long-term efficacy and risk of renal dysfunction were the most important outcomes for the 788 physicians completing the survey, whereas weight of evidence was the least important. However, physicians perceived significant differences in weight of evidence timeframes. Physicians in Germany and France ranked efficacy above side-effect risk, whereas physicians in Spain, Italy, and Turkey ranked side-effect risk above efficacy in importance. Conclusion Physician preferences among treatment profiles indicate systematic differences in the relative importance of treatment outcomes. Physicians require higher efficacy for treatments with higher side-effect risk but somewhat less efficacy for treatments with longer evidence.
Functional Analysis of Genes in Regions Commonly Amplified in High-Grade Serous and Endometrioid Ovarian Cancer

Purpose: Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all the gynecologic malignancies and is responsible for approximately 140,000 deaths annually worldwide. Copy number amplification is frequently associated with the activation of oncogenic drivers in this tumor type, but their cytogenetic complexity and heterogeneity has made it difficult to determine which gene(s) within an amplicon represent(s) the genuine oncogenic driver. We sought to identify amplicon targets by conducting a comprehensive functional analysis of genes located in the regions of amplification in high-grade serous and endometrioid ovarian tumors. Experimental Design: High-throughput siRNA screening technology was used to systematically assess all genes within regions commonly amplified in high-grade serous and endometrioid cancer. We describe the results from a boutique siRNA screen of 272 genes in a panel of 18 ovarian cell lines. Hits identified by the functional viability screen were further interrogated in primary tumor cohorts to determine the clinical outcomes associated with amplification and gene overexpression. Results: We identified a number of genes as critical for cellular viability when amplified, including URI1, PAK4, GAB2, and DYRK1B. Integration of primary tumor gene expression and outcome data provided further evidence for the therapeutic use of such genes, particularly URI1 and GAB2, which were significantly associated with survival in 2 independent tumor cohorts. Conclusion: By taking this integrative approach to target discovery, we have streamlined the translation of high-resolution genomic data into preclinical in vitro studies, resulting in the identification of a number of genes that may be specifically targeted for the treatment of advanced ovarian tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 19(6); 1411–21. ©2013 AACR.
UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTALISM IN A RED, AGRICULTURAL STATE: THE IMPACT OF POLITICAL PARTY IDENTIFICATION AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE

The red state-blue state characterization of American society geographically categorizes the U.S. into Republican and Democrat states, with the assumption that the gulf between the states is broad and deep in many issues and policies. Given this presumed division, this research examines three dimensions of environmentalism to determine if political party identification is indeed a useful predictor of environmentalism when taking into consideration a person's place of residence and several other social demographic influences. Data come from a 2003 phone survey of 606 residents in Nebraska. Nebraska provides a good test of how much political party identification matters in understanding environmentalism when the population is generally conservative, with traditional ties to extractive commodity production. The findings show that political party identification is significant in understanding environmentalism and that place of residence does not affect environmentalism. However, while the findings reveal that political party identification is an important predictor of environmentalism, both Republicans and Democrats show a relatively strong support for the environment.
COMT val158met modulates association between brain white matter architecture and IQ

The intelligence quotient (IQ) is typically associated with the architecture of gray and white matter in specific brain regions, and this association appears to be genetically based. However, specific sources of genetic variation for the association have not been studied extensively. Using diffusion tensor imaging in 15 mental retardation patients and 80 healthy volunteers, we studied the association between white matter architecture and IQ and also investigated the effects of COMT val158met on this association. The results showed that fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the prefrontal lobe and the hippocampus formation were associated with IQ and that val158met may affect this association. Subjects who were val homozygous showed steeper slopes for regression of the FA value on IQ than met carriers. Our findings suggest that COMT val158met may contribute to intelligence by affecting the association between IQ and the white matter architecture in the prefrontal lobe and the hippocampal formation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First Noun Principle or L1 Transfer Principle in SLA

English LI students learning Romance Languages have been found to process the first noun or pronoun of a sentence as the agent. However, because all the evidence is based on learners with English as an L1, it is not clear whether this is due to a universal strategy or is a result of L1 transfer. According to one model of input processing (VanPatten 2007), L2 learners would initially assign agent status to the first noun and object status to the second noun (First Noun Principle) or it might be that the L1 parser is transferred into the L2 input processing procedures (L1 Transfer Principle). The present study addresses whether the L1 parsing procedures are transferred or whether there is a universal First Noun Principle. L1 Italian and L1 English speakers enrolled in beginning Spanish classes interpreted Spanish sentences they heard. The results indicated that the L1 Italian learners interpreted OVS and OOVS sentences better than the L1 English learners. Data from this study suggest that the transfer position is plausible.