Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competitive Members in Cooperative Groups

The present study was designed to bridge previous research on cooperative decision making and on mixed-motive interactions. The structure of the group tasks studied in the mixed-motive literature is such that all group members simultaneously experience motives to compete and to cooperate and that all members accurately recognize that the mixed-motive reward structure is the same for everyone. In contrast, the present study considers that members' motives can also vary on a task that on the surface appears purely cooperative. We conducted a laboratory experiment using a cooperative group decision-making task and we varied the number of members who were also given competitive incentives (0, 1, 2, or all 3 members). We found that the preferences of competitive members were often adopted by the group. Competitive members reported engaging in more strategic information sharing and presenting their preferred alternative in a more favorable way; they also trusted other group members less than did cooperative members. The results of this study are consistent with studies of mixed-motive interaction that showed that in the absence of information about members' motives, group members often assume that other members have similar motives and engage in similar behaviors.
Predictors of Smartphone Uses for Health Information Seeking in the Korean Elderly

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to examine the predictors of smartphone uses for health information–seeking (SHIS) in the Korean elderly. This research applies the comprehensive model of information seeking as a theoretical framework. Data reported in this study are from the 2016 Dementia Literacy Survey, and 235 elderly smartphone users were included in logistic regression model. SHIS was significantly predicted by younger age, higher education levels, having a regular exercise, higher medical expenditures, and health literacy. The findings of this study can help social workers understand the specific features of health information seeking in the Korean elderly.
THE FAMILY AND SCHIZOPHRENIA PRIORITY AREAS FOR INTERVENTION RESEARCH IN INDIA

The aim of the paper is to encourage and give some directions for research activities which might help us to understand the patterns of interaction in the families of Indian schizophrenics, thus paving the way for suitable intervention strategies. The Western studies implicating the role of family are examined for relevance to Indian patients. The methodology of studying family interaction is critically evaluated. The factors believed to be responsible for a better prognosis of schizophrenia in Indian context are outlined with the hope of discovering those family characteristics which might be protective against schizophrenia. It is pointed out that the co-operation of the Indian family should not be automatically assumed: the patient can, in fact, be a stressful burden. Finally, arisingout of observations made in the earlier sectors, the specific research directions are outlined.
Molecular Diversity of Adenylyl Cyclases in Human and Rat Myometrium

Expression and regulation of myometrial adenylyl cyclases (AC) were studied during pregnancy. Hybridization of poly(A)+ RNA with specific cDNA probes for enzyme types I–IX indicated 1) the presence of transcripts encoding types II–VI and type IX in rat and human, and type VII in rat and 2) the absence of detectable mRNA for types I and VIII in both species. No substantial change was observed in the amount of specific mRNA and basal AC activity from mid-pregnancy to term. However, activation of the α2-adrenergic receptor/Gi protein pathway resulted in potentiation of Gs-stimulated AC activity at mid-pregnancy but not at term (Mhaouty, S., Cohen-Tannoudji, J., Bouet-Alard, R., Limon-Boulez, I., Maltier, J. P., and Legrand, C. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 11012–11016). We demonstrate in the present work that βγ scavengers transducin-α and QEHA peptide abolished this positive input. On the other hand, increasing submicromolar concentrations of free Ca2+, a situation that mimics late term, reduced the forskolin-stimulated AC activity with an IC50 of 3.9 μm. Thus, the presence in myometrium of AC II family (types II, IV, VII) confers ability to G inhibitory proteins to stimulate enzyme activity via βγ complexes at mid-pregnancy, whereas expression of AC III, V, and VI isoforms confers to the myometrial AC system a high sensitivity to inhibition by Ca2+-dependent processes at term. These data suggest that in the pregnant myometrium, the expression of different species of AC with distinct regulatory properties provides a mechanism for integrating positively or negatively the responses to various hormonal inputs existing either during pregnancy or in late term.
A pilot study of long-term monitoring of human movements in the home using accelerometry

We assessed the feasibility of using a waist-mounted, wireless triaxial accelerometer (TA) to monitor human movements in an unsupervised home setting to detect changes in functional status. A pilot study was carried out with six healthy subjects aged 80–86 years. The subjects wore a TA unit every day for two to three months. Each morning they carried out a short routine of directed movements that included standing, sitting, lying and walking. Important movement variables were measured. During the rest of the day, subjects were monitored for falls, and variables such as metabolic energy expenditure were measured. All subjects remained healthy; there was no overall change in functional status and there were only slight fluctuations in health status. No longitudinal changes were detected in any of the variables measured during the directed routine. There was a moderate correlation between weekly self-reported health status and energy expenditure: subjects reported a lower health status for weeks in which they expended less energy. The TA system was found to be practical for long-term, unsupervised home monitoring. All subjects found the system simple to use and the TA unit unobtrusive and comfortable to wear. High compliance rates were achieved: the TA units were worn on 88% of the days in the study, for an average of 11.2 hours per day.
PREDICTING MAXIMAL STRENGTH IN TRAINED POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMAN

The purpose of this study was to present an equation that accurately predicts 1 repetition maximum (RM) over a wide range of repetitions to fatigue (RTF) for 4 different machine resistance exercises in postmenopausal women. Seventy trained women (age = 57.4 ± 3.1 years) performed maximal and submaximal repetitions on leg press, bench press, rowing, and leg adduction machines at the conclusion of a 2-year training program. Maximal repetitions were performed on each exercise in the following ranges: 3–5RM, 6–10RM, 11–15RM, and 16–20RM. Special regard was taken to maintain the identical execution of each test (i.e., range of motion, starting angle, speed of movement). One cubic polynomial (wi [0.988–0.0000584 ri3 + 0.00190 ri2 + 0.0104 ri,] where wi is the load of measurement I, and ri is the number of repetitions) accurately predicted 1RM from RTF with mean absolute differences between actual 1RM and predicted 1RM for the 4 exercises of 1.5–3.1% and with coefficients of variation of <3.3%. Equation accuracy was independent of the exercise type or the number of RTF. Thus, this study supported the validity of RTF to adequately estimate 1RM over a wide range of repetitions and within different exercises in trained, older female subjects.
Evidence from the speed-dating paradigm

The “similarity-attraction” effect stands as one of the most well-known findings in social psychology. However, some research contends that perceived but not actual similarity influences attraction. The current study is the first to examine the effects of actual and perceived similarity simultaneously during a face-to-face initial romantic encounter. Participants attending a speeddating event interacted with ~12 members of the opposite sex for 4 minutes each. Actual and perceived similarity for each pair were calculated from questionnaire responses assessed before the event and after each date. Data revealed that perceived, but not actual, similarity significantly predicted romantic liking in this speed-dating context. Furthermore, perceived similarity was a far weaker predictor of attraction when assessed using specific traits rather than generally.
Polymorphism in one-carbon metabolism pathway affects survival of gastric cancer patients: Large and comprehensive study

Although it has been shown that polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism (OCM) pathway are associated with gastric cancer (GC), their interactions and contributions for patients’ survival are elusive. In this study, we investigated the effects of polymorphisms and their interactions on the survival of GC patients, including genes of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677C > T, 1298A > C), Methionine synthase reductase (MTRR 66A > G), Methionine synthase (MTR 2756A > G), and Thymidylate synthase (TS 3′-UTR ins6 > del6, 5′-UTR 2R > 3R). We recruited 919 GC patients from 1998 to 2006. The Kaplan–Meier plots, Cox regression analyses and the log-rank tests were carried out in this study. MTHFR 1298CC genotype showed protective effect (HR = 0.444, 95% CI = 0.210–0.940). MTRR 66 GA + GG genotypes decreased the risk of death (HR = 0.793, 95% CI = 0.651–0.967) in general, and in subgroups with more pronounced diffuse type, greater depth of invasion (T2/T3/T4), higher level lymph node metastasis (N1/N2/N3), advanced TNM stages (II/III level) and 5-Fu treatment. However, the improved survival disappeared when GC patients simultaneously had MTR 2756 GA + GG genotypes (HR = 1.063, 95% CI = 0.750–1.507). Although MTRR 66GA genotype was not associated with the survival of GC patients, patients with simultaneous MTRR 66GA and MTR 2756AA genotypes exhibited significant risk reduction of death (HR = 0.773, 95% CI = 0.609–0.981). MTHFR 1298 CA + CC combined with TS 5-UTR 2R3R + 3R3R genotypes (HR = 0.536, 95% CI = 0.315–0.913) also increased patient survival rates. Our results suggest that the MTRR 66A > G and MTHFR 1298A > C polymorphisms may be useful prognostic biomarkers for GC patients.
Fibroblasts from the inner granulation tissue of the pseudocapsule in hips at revision arthroplasty induce osteoclast differentiation, as do stromal cells

Background: It has previously been shown that many osteoclast precursors are included in the granulation tissue within the pseudocapsule obtained at revision arthroplasty from hips with osteolysis. In vitro culture of only cells isolated from the granulation tissue has been previously shown to generate many mature osteoclasts. Objective: To investigate the presence or otherwise of supporting cells, similar to stromal cells, which differentiate osteoclasts within the granulation tissue. Methods: Cells isolated from the granulation tissue were cultured alone, and after four weeks fibroblast-like cells (granulation fibroblasts) remained. Rat non-adherent bone marrow cells (NA-BMCs) were co-cultured with the granulation fibroblasts with or without 1α,25(OH)2D3 (10−8 M) or heat treated ROS 17/2.8 cell conditioned medium (ht ROSCM), or both. Multinucleated cells (MNCs), which formed, were assessed by biochemical and functional characterisation of osteoclasts. Receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results: Co-culture of NA-BMCs and granulation fibroblasts caused the formation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive MNCs, which had the calcitonin receptor (CTR), the Kat-1 antigen, which is specific to the surface of rat osteoclasts, and the ability to form pits in the presence of both 1α,25(OH)2D3 and ht ROSCM or in the presence of just ht ROSCM. RANKL was detected in fibroblast-like cells in the granulation tissue. Conclusion: These data suggest that granulation fibroblasts support osteoclast differentiation, as do osteoblasts/stromal cells, and may play a part in aseptic loosening.
Documenting Contested Racial Identities Among Self-Identified Latina/os, Asians, Blacks, and Whites

A contested racial identity refers to incongruence between personal racial identification and external racial categorization. For example, an individual may self-identify as White, but be perceived by most others as non-White. Documenting racial contestation is important because racialized experiences are shaped not only by the racial classification that individuals claim for themselves but also the external racial attributions placed on them by others. Focusing solely on monoracial identifying adults, this study answers three key questions about racial contestation: (a) How common is it? (b) Who is most likely to report experiencing it? and (c) How is it related to aspects of racial identity such as racial awareness, racial group closeness, and racial identity salience? Employing the 2006 Portraits of American Life Study, results suggest that reports of racial contestation among monoracial identifying adults are more common than some studies suggest (6% to 14%)—particularly among the fastest growing racial groups in the United States, including Latina/os and Asians—and that experiences of racial contestation are often associated with immigrant generation, ancestry, and phenotypical characteristics. Ordinal logistic regression analyses indicate that individuals who report experiencing racial contestation are no more aware of race in everyday life than other U.S. adults, but they feel less close to other members of the self-identified racial group and report lower levels of racial identity salience than their noncontested counterparts. These results point to a thinning of racial identity among the racially contested.
Peter B. Dews and Pharmacological Studies on Behavior

The publications by Peter B. Dews of a series of five articles entitled “Studies on Behavior”, beginning in 1955 and ending in 1959, were contributions of extraordinary significance in laying a foundation for the emergence of the discipline of behavioral pharmacology. The series of articles were rigorous in their approach, dramatic in terms of the results, and provocative in their implications. Published at the near half-century mark of the founding of the American Society for Pharmacological and Experimental Therapeutics, it is appropriate to now provide a Centennial Perspective on the impact of these studies over 50 years following their publication and to comment on the way in which they helped to influence the directions in which this discipline has evolved.
Prevalence and risk factors of wheeze in Dutch infants in their first year of life

Factors operating in the first year of life are critical in determining the onset and persistence of wheezing in preschool children. This study was designed to examine the prevalence and risk factors of wheeze in the first year of life in Dutch infants. This was a population‐based survey of 13‐month‐old infants visiting well baby clinics for a scheduled immunization. Parents/caregivers completed a standardized validated questionnaire on respiratory symptoms in the first year of life and putative risk factors. The independent influence of these factors for wheeze was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. A total of 1,115 questionnaires were completed. Wheeze ever (with a prevalence in the first year of life of 28.5%) was independently associated with male gender, eczema, sibs with asthma, any allergic disease in the family, day care, damp housing, and asphyxia. Recurrent wheeze (prevalence 14.5%) showed independent associations with eczema, sibs with asthma, and day care. In addition to these factors, severe wheeze (prevalence 15.4%) was also associated with premature rupture of membranes during birth, and with damp housing. Wheeze is common during the first year of life, and places a major burden on families and the health care system. Factors associated with wheeze are mainly related to markers of atopic susceptibility, and to exposure to infections. The strongest modifiable risk factor for wheeze in the first year of life is home dampness. Interventions to reduce home dampness to reduce wheeze in infancy should be examined. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:149–156. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The association between plasma uric acid and renal function decline in a Chinese population-based cohort.

BACKGROUND Uric acid may be associated with kidney damage through multiple pathways. Previous cohort studies revealed inconsistent results, and research among the non-hypertensive and non-diabetic population are extremely limited. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 1410 residents aged 59.1 ± 9.4 years from an urban district of Beijing, China. All participants had an estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73m(2). Plasma uric acid was assessed at baseline; and its relation with renal function decline after 4 years' follow-up was analyzed. RESULTS During 4 years (5630 person-years) of follow-up, 168 patients (11.9%) developed renal function decline. After adjusting for potential confounders including baseline renal function, plasma uric acid levels were independently associated with an increased risk of renal function decline, with a fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.19 [per 1 mg/dL increase; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.38]. Analysis among 615 hypertension-free and diabetes-free participants yielded similar results, with an adjusted OR of 1.50 (per 1 mg/dL increase; 95% CI 1.13-1.98). CONCLUSION Our prospective cohort study revealed that plasma uric acid level is independently associated with an increasing likelihood of renal function decline.
Recognition of thematic and taxonomic conceptual relations in patients with aphasia†

Background: There is mounting evidence that there exist conceptual non-verbal deficits in patients with aphasia. In the current paper, taxonomic and thematic conceptual relations are the focus of interest. There is a debate surrounding this topic regarding whether they are part of the same semantic system or there are independent systems dedicated to each kind of relations. Aims: Our aim was to study and look for possible dissociations in a group of fluent and non-fluent aphasic patients on their ability to recognise conceptual relations (taxonomic and thematic). Methods & Procedures: Previous studies have usually proposed forced-choice tasks, which give the patients closed response options and do not allow the researcher to assess the criteria for the choice the participants have made. In the following study we assigned different types of conceptual tasks (forced choice and free choice) to a group of 25 stroke patients (7 fluent and 18 non-fluent aphasic patients), as well as 30 healthy control participants. We assessed the hit rates and the response criteria followed by the patients. Outcomes & Results: The results showed that although all aphasic patients experienced difficulties in establishing both types of conceptual relations in verbal tasks, dissociations were observed particularly in non-verbal tasks showing poor performance in thematic relations. This was especially noticeable in non-fluent aphasic patients. Meanwhile, fluent aphasic patients showed more difficulty in establishing taxonomic relations in the pictorial free-choice task and a tendency to use thematic criteria. Conclusion: These results support the claim that there exist separate systems for both kinds of conceptual relations. Implications for the assessment of semantic deficits in aphasic patients were discussed.
Wideband slotline-to-rectangular waveguide transition using truncated bow-tie antenna

In this paper, a slotline-to-rectangular waveguide transition using a truncated bow-tie antenna is analyzed and designed to operate in the X-band. Simulation and analysis are performed using the commercially available computer software package, high frequency structure simulation (HFSS), which is based on the finite element method (FEM) technique. Our study yields a design with a return loss and insertion loss levels that can achieve better than 15 dB and 0.1 dB all over the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz), respectively.
The influence of forgiveness and apology on cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress

The Influence of Forgiveness and Apology on Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress Matthew C. Whited This study sought to investigate the relation between forgiveness and cardiovascular reactivity and recovery in the laboratory as influenced by apology. Men (n = 29) and women (n = 50) were chosen for participation based on scoring in the top or bottom third of the Forgiving Personality Inventory. Participants were exposed to an interpersonal transgression (i.e., harassment by the experimenter) while performing a serial subtraction task. Cardiovascular activity was measured before, during, and following the task. Also following the task, approximately half of the participants received an apology from the experimenter for his/her scripted rude behavior. No reactivity differences during the serial subtraction task were observed across groups (all ps > .05). During the recovery period, however, persons high in forgiveness displayed more rapid diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure recovery (ps < .05). This effect was most prominent directly following the apology, where women high in forgiveness who received an apology benefitted the most in diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure recovery (ps < .01) as compared to females low in forgiveness who were not influenced by the apology (ps > .05). Regarding the overall effects of the apology, women who received an apology recovered from the transgression more quickly than women who did not receive an apology (ps < .05). Surprisingly, the effect was in the opposite direction for men who displayed higher diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure upon recovery from the transgression if they received an apology (ps < .05). These results indicate that that the potentially healthful benefits associated with forgiveness and apology may be moderated by sex.
An Intra-Party Democracy Index: Theory, Design and A Demonstration

This article presents a new index for a comprehensive and systematic measurement of the level of intra-party democracy (IPD). The proposed index is designed on the basis of a comparison with state-level democracy and previous attempts to measure IPD. It examines five dimensions: participation, representation, competition, responsiveness and transparency. The way each dimension is measured is explained and justified on the basis of the procedure of its design and democratic theory. Its application and potential contribution to the analysis of democracy and party politics is demonstrated through its use to comparatively evaluate the level of internal democracy in political parties in Israel; and through examining several hypotheses concerning the relationship between party characteristics and their level of IPD and the relationship between the various dimensions of IPD.
Surviving mechanisms of power in immigration strategies: embracing Otherness and pluralisms

The recent waves of immigration towards Europe are questioning our capacity to embrace Otherness, despite the well-acclaimed multiculturalism and hybridisation upon which Western societies have been built. Tension is building fast along the perceived ‘explosion’ of borders, and many immigrants are excluded from civic and political participation through discrimination, racism and xenophobia. The marginal positions of such minorities render them easily identifiable as scapegoats, susceptible to blame for problems that are, in fact, domestic. This article will investigate the mechanisms of power that still inform and redirect our immigration policies by looking at how the idea of ‘Otherness’ is embraced and understood. Desired outcomes include the opportunity to critically debate the relationship between citizenship and multiculturalism from a transnational perspective that privileges the practices of hybridisation and permeability against the ethnically oriented preservation of cultures.