Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life Assessment in Male Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia: Result of a Prospective, Multicenter Study

Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair loss disease with genetic predisposition among men and women, and it may commence at any age after puberty. It may significantly affect a variety of psychological and social aspects of one's life and the individual's overall quality of life (QoL). Objective This study aimed to investigate the QoL of AGA patients and discover the factors that can influence the QoL of AGA patients, including previous experience in non-medical hair care, reasons for hospital visits, age, duration, and the severity of AGA. Methods A total of 998 male patients with AGA were interviewed, using the Hair Specific Skindex-29 to evaluate the QoL of AGA patients. Results The results of the Hair Specific Skindex-29 on patients with AGA were as follows: symptom scale: 26.3±19.5, function scale: 24.0±20.1, emotion scale: 32.1±21.8, and global score: 27.3±19.1. According to this assessment, QoL was more damaged if the patient had severe alopecia, a longer duration of AGA, younger age, had received previous non-medical hair care, and visited the hospital for AGA treatment. Conclusion This study showed that AGA could harmfully affect the patients' QoL. These findings indicate that dermatologists should address these QoL issues when treating patients with alopecia.
Adaptive immune response to lipoproteins of Staphylococcus aureus in healthy subjects

Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent commensal but also a dangerous pathogen, causing many forms of infection ranging from mild to life‐threatening conditions. Among its virulence factors are lipoproteins, which are anchored in the bacterial cell membrane. Lipoproteins perform various functions in colonization, immune evasion, and immunomodulation. These proteins are potent activators of innate immune receptors termed Toll‐like receptors 2 and 6. This study addressed the specific B‐cell and T‐cell responses directed to lipoproteins in human S. aureus carriers and non‐carriers. 2D immune proteomics and ELISA approaches revealed that titers of antibodies (IgG) binding to S. aureus lipoproteins were very low. Proliferation assays and cytokine profiling data showed only subtle responses of T cells; some lipoproteins did not elicit proliferation. Hence, the robust activation of the innate immune system by S. aureus lipoproteins does not translate into a strong adaptive immune response. Reasons for this may include inaccessibility of lipoproteins for B cells as well as ineffective processing and presentation of the antigens to T cells.
Computational challenges of sequence classification in microbiomic data

Next-generation sequencing technologies have opened up an unprecedented opportunity for microbiology by enabling the culture-independent genetic study of complex microbial communities, which were so far largely unknown. The analysis of metagenomic data is challenging: potentially, one is faced with a sample containing a mixture of many different bacterial species, whose genome has not necessarily been sequenced beforehand. In the simpler case of the analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA metagenomic data, for which databases of reference sequences are known, we survey the computational challenges to be solved in order to be able to characterize and quantify a sample. In particular, we examine two aspects: how the necessary adoption of new tools geared towards high-throughput analysis impacts the quality of the results, and how good is the performance of various established methods to assign sequence reads to microbial species, with and without taking taxonomic information into account.
Relationship satisfaction and sexual satisfaction: A longitudinal study of individuals in long‐term relationships

This study examined the association between relationship satisfaction and sexual satisfaction over time to provide evidence about possible causal explanations for the association between the two variables. Eighty‐seven individuals in long‐term relationships completed measures of sexual satisfaction and relationship satisfaction at 2 times 18 months apart. There was only limited evidence, based on exploratory analyses, to support either the hypothesis that changes in relationship satisfaction lead to changes in sexual satisfaction or the hypothesis that changes in sexual satisfaction lead to changes in relationship satisfaction. However, sexual satisfaction and relationship satisfaction were found to change concurrently. The quality of intimate communication accounted for part of the concurrent changes in relationship satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. I discuss the results in terms of the need to develop more complex models depicting the longitudinal associations between relationship satisfaction and sexual satisfaction.
Professional Development and the Learner Centered School.

Yvonne Montague, a fictitious teacher, works in a school that is a learning community for everyone under its roof: young people and adults alike. ' Like most teachers, her teaching environment has not always been this way, even when she had many choices for professional development. The changes for her have come with the recognition that only when educators think of themselves as learners, with continuous opportunities to learn, can they create environments for all their students to become life-
The Changing Forms of Racial/Ethnic Biases in Sentencing

Racial/ethnic discrimination in criminal justice processing has been the subject of heated debate for several decades. This article traces findings from four historical waves of research on sentencing disparities. Particular attention is given to changes in research methodologies and data sources, the social contexts within which research has been conducted, and the various forms that bias can manifest. It explores the change from findings of overt racial/ethnic disparities to more subtle, but still systematic, institutionalized biases. In so doing, the movement toward determinate sentencing is discussed, and the biases identified are partially explained by the need for the system to maintain legitimacy in the face of social change.
Working with ‘Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning’ (SEAL): associations with school ethos, pupil social experiences, attendance, and attainment

A programme of resources and activities relating to ‘Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning’ (SEAL) has been rolled out nationally to primary and secondary schools in the UK, but we know little about how variations in the implementation of this work relate to key indicators of school success. In the present study, a team of experienced school advisors used a semi-structured observation and interview protocol to rate various aspects of the implementation of SEAL in 49 primary and secondary schools. A total of 2242 pupils in 29 of these schools completed measures of social experiences and school ethos. School-level attainment and attendance statistics were collated for all participating schools. Analysis revealed that ratings indicative of a whole-school universal approach to SEAL were significantly associated with school ethos, which in turn mediated associations with pupils’ social experiences, overall school attainment, and persistent absence. Thematic analysis of the advisors’ records illuminated key dimensions and exemplars of whole-school implementation. Results highlight the role of school ethos in systematically connecting whole-school practices relating to SEAL with key indicators of school success. Directions for further longitudinal work to elucidate specific causal mechanisms are discussed.
Interpersonal Relationships in Japanese and Australian Women's Magazines: A Case Study

Women’s magazines have been a focus of research in various disciplines, and such research has made use of different methodologies as well as taking diverse approaches. This paper analyzes texts selected from a Japanese women’s magazine With and its Australian equivalent Cleo by using Systemic Functional Linguistics as a core methodology. The texts were chosen from topic areas common in both magazines such as love relationships, finance and diet/exercises, and all take forms of advice giving. The lexico-grammatical analysis of the texts focused on investigation of the ways these texts construct the relationship between the writer and the reader, which has revealed interesting features in the Japanese texts that did not appear in the English texts.
Individual and Population Level Impact of Key HIV Risk Factors on HIV Incidence Rates in Durban, South Africa

We aimed to estimate the individual and joint impact of age, marital status and diagnosis with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on HIV acquisition among young women at a population level in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A total of 3,978 HIV seronegative women were recruited for four biomedical intervention trials from 2002–2009. Point and interval estimates of partial population attributable risk (PAR) were used to quantify the proportion of HIV seroconversions which can be prevented if a combination of risk factors is eliminated from a target population. More than 70% of the observed HIV acquisitions were collectively attributed to the three risk factors: younger age (<25 years old), unmarried and not cohabiting with a stable/regular partner and diagnosis with STIs. Addressing these risks requires targeted structural, behavioural, biomedical and cultural interventions in order to impact on unacceptably high HIV incidence rates among young women and the population as a whole.
A Comparative Washback Study of IELTS and TOEFL iBT on Teaching and Learning Activities in Preparation Courses in the Iranian Context.

One consequence of test use in the English-language teaching community is the negative washback of tests on teaching and learning. Test preparation courses are often seen as part of the more general issue of washback. IELTS and TOEFL iBT tests, focusing on communicative competence, are anticipated to have positive washback effect on how English is taught and learned. This study was a triangulation research to compare the washback of IELTS and TOEFL iBT on teaching and learning activities in test preparation courses. To this end, questionnaires survey with 40 IELTS and iBT teachers, 220 IELTS and TOEFL iBT students, and also ten class observations and ten teachers’ interviews were called upon and the related data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed evidence of both negative and positive washback in the relevant courses. Generally, in both courses the class time was more characterized by the negative influence of the test although IELTS classes seemed to promote more positive washback than TOEFL iBT did on class activities. While the TOEFL iBT preparation courses appeared to address a wider range of activities for academic study, IELTS preparation courses provided more opportunities for learners’ interactions and communications in line with the test activities.
An observational study of child safety seat use in an international safe community: Tehran, Iran

ABSTRACT Objective: Despite strong evidence of the effectiveness of child safety seats in reducing injuries, the use of these devices in some communities is still rare. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of child safety seat use and the factors influencing its use in the safe community of Tehran. Methods: This roadside observational study was conducted in 2015 and 2,178 personal cars with a child under 12 years aboard were observed on Tehran's streets in regard to use of child safety seats. Other variables such as the gender of the driver, driver's age group, type of street, region of municipality, time of day, and day of the week were also collected. Results: Prevalence of child safety seat use was 4.3% and was significantly higher among women drivers, on freeways, and in municipal regions 1, 4, and 7. Conclusions: The prevalence of child safety seat use in Tehran as a most populous member of the international safe community was very low and most children commuted in insecure situations in the vehicle. Therefore, it is proposed that plans should be made to increase the use of child safety seats in international safe communities.
Capping of exogenous Forssman glycolipid on cells

When motile cells are incubated with Forssman glycolipid, the antigen is incorporated into the cells' plasma membranes. If cross-linked by antibody, the patched glycolipids cap. This process is sensitive to those drugs that are known to inhibit capping of protein antigens. The results support a flow mechanism for capping.
Parts of Speech Tagging for Afaan Oromo

The main aim of this study is to develop part-of-speech tagger for Afaan Oromo language. After reviewing literatures on Afaan Oromo grammars and identifying tagset and word categories, the study adopted Hidden Markov Model (HMM) approach and has implemented unigram and bigram models of Viterbi algorithm. Unigram model is used to understand word ambiguity in the language, while bigram model is used to undertake contextual analysis of words. For training and testing purpose 159 sentences (with a total of 1621 words) that are manually annotated sample corpus are used. The corpus is collected from different public Afaan Oromo newspapers and bulletins to make the sample corpus balanced. A database of lexical probabilities and transitional probabilities are developed from the annotated corpus. These two probabilities are from which the tagger learn and tag sequence of words in sentences. The performance of the prototype, Afaan Oromo tagger is tested using tenfold cross validation mechanism. The result shows that in both unigram and bigram models 87.58% and 91.97% accuracy is obtained, respectively.
Review: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of Pediatric Major Depressive Disorder

Introduction. This paper focuses on the application of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) to the study of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents. Method. A literature search using the National Institutes of Health's PubMed database was conducted to identify indexed peer-reviewed MRS studies in pediatric patients with MDD. Results. The literature search yielded 18 articles reporting original MRS data in pediatric MDD. Neurochemical alterations in Choline, Glutamate, and N-Acetyl Aspartate are associated with pediatric MDD, suggesting pathophysiologic continuity with adult MDD. Conclusions. The MRS literature in pediatric MDD is modest but growing. In studies that are methodologically comparable, the results have been consistent. Because it offers a noninvasive and repeatable measurement of relevant in vivo brain chemistry, MRS has the potential to provide insights into the pathophysiology of MDD as well as the mediators and moderators of treatment response.
Histone Deacetylase 7 (Hdac7) Suppresses Chondrocyte Proliferation and β-Catenin Activity during Endochondral Ossification*

Background: Hdac7 is a transcriptional co-repressor in skeletal tissues, but its role in chondrocytes is undefined. Results: Proteasomal degradation reduced Hdac7 levels during chondrogenic maturation and conditional deletion of Hdac7 in chondrocytes increased proliferation and β-catenin levels. Conclusion: Hdac7 degradation enhances β-catenin transcriptional activity in growth plate chondrocytes. Significance: Suppressing Hdac7 levels increases chondrocyte proliferation and promotes cartilage formation and regeneration. Histone deacetylases (Hdacs) regulate endochondral ossification by suppressing gene transcription and modulating cellular responses to growth factors and cytokines. We previously showed that Hdac7 suppresses Runx2 activity and osteoblast differentiation. In this study, we examined the role of Hdac7 in postnatal chondrocytes. Hdac7 was highly expressed in proliferating cells within the growth plate. Postnatal tissue-specific ablation of Hdac7 with a tamoxifen-inducible collagen type 2a1-driven Cre recombinase increased proliferation and β-catenin levels in growth plate chondrocytes and expanded the proliferative zone. Similar results were obtained in primary chondrocyte cultures where Hdac7 was deleted with adenoviral-Cre. Hdac7 bound β-catenin in proliferating chondrocytes, but stimulation of chondrocyte maturation promoted the translocation of Hdac7 to the cytoplasm where it was degraded by the proteasome. As a result, β-catenin levels and transcription activity increased in the nucleus. These data demonstrate that Hdac7 suppresses proliferation and β-catenin activity in chondrocytes. Reducing Hdac7 levels in early chondrocytes may promote the expansion and regeneration of cartilage tissues.
Factors That Influence Students to Participate in Team Decision Making.

This study investigated the effects of personality on participation in decision making in a sample of 225 business students. The Neo-FFI scale was used to measure the five personality dimensions of openness, agreeableness, extroversion, conscientiousness and neuroticism. Analysis indicated that personality dimensions, extroversion and conscientiousness, influenced participation. No participation influence was observed for other personality variables. Partial Least Squares modeling indicated that the extroversion and conscientiousness influences were mediated by other variables. The effect of extroversion was fully mediated by an intervening variable representing the choice to use competitive strategies for achieving success. The effect of conscientiousness was mediated by citizenship behavior as well as the choice to use competitive strategies.
Efficacy and Safety of Anti–Interleukin‐20 Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Phase IIa Trial

Interleukin‐20 (IL‐20) is implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of NNC0109‐0012, a selective anti–IL‐20 recombinant human monoclonal antibody (mAb), were assessed in patients with active RA who had an inadequate response to methotrexate therapy.
International briefing 9: Training and development in the United Arab Emirates

This article explores the training and development strategies and practices of large business organisations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The survey reveals that Emirati companies are very aware of best training and development practice as implemented in their foreign counterparts, and that they generally adopt similar methods and strategies. The article considers the influence of national culture, religion, government policies, education and the economic environment upon the training and development strategies and practices of companies in the UAE. It is argued that despite the negative effects of a dwindling oil sector, the UAE's companies are well placed to maintain their current regional success and that they will soon be playing an increasingly important role in international trade, thus significantly contributing to the continuing economic growth of the country.
Katanin Localization Requires Triplet Microtubules in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Centrioles and basal bodies are essential for a variety of cellular processes that include the recruitment of proteins to these structures for both centrosomal and ciliary function. This recruitment is compromised when centriole/basal body assembly is defective. Mutations that cause basal body assembly defects confer supersensitivity to Taxol. These include bld2, bld10, bld12, uni3, vfl1, vfl2, and vfl3. Flagellar motility mutants do not confer sensitivity with the exception of mutations in the p60 (pf19) and p80 (pf15) subunits of the microtubule severing protein katanin. We have identified additional pf15 and bld2 (ε-tubulin) alleles in screens for Taxol sensitivity. Null pf15 and bld2 alleles are viable and are not essential genes in Chlamydomonas. Analysis of double mutant strains with the pf15-3 and bld2-6 null alleles suggests that basal bodies in Chlamydomonas may recruit additional proteins beyond katanin that affect spindle microtubule stability. The bld2-5 allele is a hypomorphic allele and its phenotype is modulated by nutritional cues. Basal bodies in bld2-5 cells are missing proximal ends. The basal body mutants show aberrant localization of an epitope-tagged p80 subunit of katanin. Unlike IFT proteins, katanin p80 does not localize to the transition fibers of the basal bodies based on an analysis of the uni1 mutant as well as the lack of colocalization of katanin p80 with IFT74. We suggest that the triplet microtubules are likely to play a key role in katanin p80 recruitment to the basal body of Chlamydomonas rather than the transition fibers that are needed for IFT localization.
Group status, perceptions of agency, and the correspondence bias: Attributional processes in the formation of stereotypes about high and low status groups

The Stereotype Content Model proposes that competence (or alternatively, agency) is a fundamental dimension of stereotypes. According to this model, beliefs about agency are partially due to the status relations between groups, such that high status groups are perceived to possess agency, whereas low status groups are perceived to lack agentic characteristics. Despite the considerable support for this model, the psychological processes that produce these stereotypes have not been fully explored. In the current studies, we examined whether the correspondence bias may be partially responsible for the stereotype that members of low status groups lack agentic characteristics, relative to those who belong to high status groups. Across both studies, a measure of the correspondence bias predicted such stereotypical beliefs, even after accounting for variables that are known to be associated with beliefs about high and low status groups. This effect was observed when beliefs about the status of groups were experimentally manipulated, and when we measured stereotypical beliefs about two sets of actual high and low status groups.
Acute Psychosis Associated with Subcortical Stroke: Comparison between Basal Ganglia and Mid-Brain Lesions

Acute onset of psychosis in an older or elderly individual without history of previous psychiatric disorders should prompt a thorough workup for neurologic causes of psychiatric symptoms. This report compares and contrasts clinical features of new onset of psychotic symptoms between two patients, one with an acute basal ganglia hemorrhagic stroke and another with an acute mid-brain ischemic stroke. Delusions and hallucinations due to basal ganglia lesions are theorized to develop as a result of frontal lobe dysfunction causing impairment of reality checking pathways in the brain, while visual hallucinations due to mid-brain lesions are theorized to develop due to dysregulation of inhibitory control of the ponto-geniculate-occipital system. Psychotic symptoms occurring due to stroke demonstrate varied clinical characteristics that depend on the location of the stroke within the brain. Treatment with antipsychotic medications may provide symptomatic relief.