Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network Working Group

This document describes a profile for optimizing TCP to adapt so that it handles paths including second (2.5G) and third (3G) generation wireless networks. It describes the relevant characteristics of 2.5G and 3G networks, and specific features of example deployments of such networks. It then recommends TCP algorithm choices for nodes known to be starting or ending on such paths, and it also discusses open issues. The configuration options recommended in this document are commonly found in modern TCP stacks, and are widely available standards-track mechanisms that the community considers safe for use on the general Internet. Inamura, et al. Best Current Practice [Page 1] RFC 3481 TCP over 2.5G/3G February 2003 Table of
Multiple types of calcium channels arising from alternative translation initiation of the Orai1 message

Distinct Orai1 transcripts encode proteins that form Ca2+ channels with distinct properties. One gene for three currents Mammals produce alternative forms of the calcium channel pore-forming protein Orai1 using two different translation initiation start sites in the encoding transcripts. Desai et al. showed that these long and short forms produce calcium channels with distinct properties. Although both forms can participate in channels that respond to depletion of calcium from internal stores, only the long form contributes to a channel that is activated by arachidonic acid and leukotriene C4, lipids that promote inflammation. Their data suggest that characteristics of Orai1 genetic knockout may result from loss of any combination of these different calcium currents, not just loss of store-operated calcium entry. In mammals exclusively, the pore-forming Ca2+ release–activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel subunit Orai1 occurs in two forms because of alternative translation initiation. The longer, mammal-specific Orai1α contains an additional 63 amino acids upstream of the conserved start site for Orai1β, which occurs at methionine 64 in Orai1α. Orai1 participates in the generation of three distinct Ca2+ currents, including two store-operated currents: Icrac, which involves activation of Orai1 channels by the Ca2+-sensing protein STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1), and Isoc, which involves an interaction among Orai1, the transient receptor potential (TRP) family member TRPC1 (TRP canonical 1), and STIM1. Orai1 is also a pore-forming subunit of an arachidonic acid (or leukotriene C4)–regulated current Iarc that involves interactions among Orai1, Orai3, and STIM1. We evaluated the roles of the two Orai1 forms in the Ca2+ currents Icrac, Isoc, and Iarc. We found that Orai1α and Orai1β were largely interchangeable for Icrac and Isoc, although Orai1α exhibited stronger inhibition by Ca2+. Only the mammalian-specific Orai1α functioned in the arachidonic acid–regulated current Iarc. Thus, alternative translation initiation of the Orai1 message produces at least three types of Ca2+ channels with distinct signaling and regulatory properties.
Classification of software behaviors for failure detection: a discriminative pattern mining approach

Software is a ubiquitous component of our daily life. We often depend on the correct working of software systems. Due to the difficulty and complexity of software systems, bugs and anomalies are prevalent. Bugs have caused billions of dollars loss, in addition to privacy and security threats. In this work, we address software reliability issues by proposing a novel method to classify software behaviors based on past history or runs. With the technique, it is possible to generalize past known errors and mistakes to capture failures and anomalies. Our technique first mines a set of discriminative features capturing repetitive series of events from program execution traces. It then performs feature selection to select the best features for classification. These features are then used to train a classifier to detect failures. Experiments and case studies on traces of several benchmark software systems and a real-life concurrency bug from MySQL server show the utility of the technique in capturing failures and anomalies. On average, our pattern-based classification technique outperforms the baseline approach by 24.68% in accuracy.
Effect of antihypertensive drugs on breast cancer risk in female hypertensive patients: Evidence from observational studies

ABSTRACT This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between antihypertensive drugs and risk of breast cancer, and provide therapeutic implications for female hypertensive patients with different physical appearance. The prevalence of hypertension and female breast cancer is on the rise with age. It has been suggested that ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers), ACEi (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor), CCBs (calcium channel blockers), and BBs (beta-blockers) were widely used in hypertensive patients. Some researches have shown ARBs, ACEis, and beta-blockers to be effective drugs for blood pressure lowering as well as for reducing the risk of breast cancer in women. However, the research conclusions were inconsistent. To address the conflicting evidence from previous study, the study evaluates the risk of breast cancer in hypertensive women. In conclusion, we report the evidence that beta-blockers can reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence, while ACEi and CCBs were not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
Trend Analysis for Extreme Rainfall at Sub-Daily and Daily Timescales in Côte d’Ivoire

Extreme rainfall events are meteorological hazards that cause great damage and many casualties in the world. This paper examines the trends in extreme rainfall from 10 sub-daily time series and 44 daily time series in Cote d’Ivoire. Rainfall data were converted into indices. In total, six (6) indices were used for daily extreme rainfall and one (1) index for sub-daily extreme rainfall (15 to 240 min). Two statistical tests for trend detection were used to evaluate the possible trend in these precipitation data. The first is a Mann-Kendall non-parametric trend test, used to evaluate the existence of monotonic trends. The second is a linear regression method, based on a parametric approach to trend detection. Results show that very few statistically significant decreasing trends can be detected at the sub-daily and daily timescales. Some decreasing trends in extreme rainfall events were localized in the south and southeast. These results could enhance the implementation of adaptation systems to flood risk.
Factors Associated with Severe Caries among Adults in Kuwait

Aim: To investigate the relationship between caries etiological factors and occurrence of severe caries among adults in Kuwait. Methods: Forty-two adult patients with severe caries, attending Kuwait polyclinics, were compared with 36 caries-free subjects in a cross-sectional study. The patients with severe caries were aged 16 years or older and had a minimum of eight open coronal carious cavities, with the involvement of at least one anterior tooth. In addition, their salivary glands had not been compromised by disease or medication. The caries-free subjects had at least 24 standing teeth, and no carious cavities. Salivary flow rates, buffering capacity, frequency of sugar consumption, and oral hygiene index were measured. Mutans streptococci and Lactobacillus counts were determined by the dip-slide method. Results: Fisher’s exact test or χ2 test showed that the patients with severe caries had a significantly higher frequency of sugar consumption, plaque index, Lactobacillus and mutans streptococci counts, as compared with those who were caries-free. In contrast, no significant difference was observed in salivary flow rates or buffering capacity between the two groups of patients. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, only frequency of sugar consumption, oral hygiene, and mutans streptococci count were found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of severe caries. Conclusion: Severe caries may occur in Kuwait even among adults whose salivary gland functions have not been compromised.
Robust LMI position regulation of a bistable Dielectric Electro-Active Polymer membrane

This paper deals with the control of a micrometric positioning system based on an innovative Dielectric Electro-Active Polymer (DEAP) membrane. The membrane generates motion by means of the interaction between a preloading force and the compressive forces between the compliant electrodes surrounding the surface of the polymer. In particular, in this paper the preloading force is generated by a bistable nonlinear spring, which significantly extends the maximum stroke at the cost of a much more nonlinear behavior. To address this challenging problem, in this paper we reformulate the system dynamics in a quasi-LPV framework, and use LMI based optimization to tune a controller ensuring robust performance with respect to such nonlinearities. Since the state variables are not all measurable, we focus on a partial state feedback approach which permits to impose set-point tracking with a desired decay rate specification, overcoming some limitations of standard decay rate design techniques. Several experimental results are performed to validate the proposed approach.
Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis: Substantial Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Accumulation Did Not Induce Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Dysfunction

Objective: To study whether substantial subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) can induce glucose and lipid metabolism dysfunction and possible underlying mechanisms. Methods: We report a male patient with multiple symmetrical lipomatosis (MSL) suffering from increased adipose tissue accumulation in abdomen and back for 7 years, accompanied by the gradual expansion of excess adipose tissue to the nuchal region, upper thorax, upper arms and shoulders. Four obese male adults of similar age and body mass index were chosen as controls (only 4 subjects consented to blood and tissue sampling). Blood samples were collected before anesthesia in the early morning after overnight fasting, and tissue samples from all subjects and the patient were obtained under general anesthesia. Glucose tolerance, insulin resistance in the oral glucose tolerance test and insulin-releasing test were studied. A pathologic examination was made and expression of SCAT-related genes was determined. Results: Although adipose tissue mainly accumulated in SCAT, the patient had no impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Importantly, the circulating adiponectin concentration was higher than in the control group (50.3 ± 3.2 vs. 28.4 ± 2.2 µg/ml, p < 0.05). Accordingly, adiponectin and leptin mRNA expression in SCAT was higher than in the control group (1.83 and 3.75 times, p < 0.05) but TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels were lower (decreased by 79 and 45%, p < 0.05). Furthermore, pathologically, adipocyte size in the patient’s SCAT was smaller than in the control group (66.2 ± 6.1 vs. 78.9 ± 6.6 and 98.6 ± 12.8 µm in SCAT and omentum adipose tissue, respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusion: In spite of the patient’s SCAT accumulation, glucose and lipid metabolism dysfunction was absent. The mechanism may involve the interaction of different factors, including the subcutaneous formation of small adipocytes, the secretion of protective adipokines such as adiponectin and anti-inflammatory effects of SCAT.
Rho GTPase isoforms in cell motility: Don't fret, we have FRET

The Rho-family of p21 small GTPases are directly linked to the regulation of actin-based motile machinery and play a key role in the control of cell migration. Aside from the original and most well-characterized canonical Rho GTPases RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, numerous isoforms of these key proteins have been identified and shown to have specific roles in regulating various cellular motility processes. The major difficulty in addressing these isoform-specific effects is that isoforms typically contain highly similar primary amino acid sequences and thus are able to interact with the same upstream regulators and the downstream effector targets. Here, we will introduce the major members of each GTPase subfamily and discuss recent advances in the design and application of fluorescent resonance energy transfer-based probes, which are at the forefront of the technologies available to directly probe the differential, spatiotemporal activation dynamics of these proteins in live single cells. Currently, it is possible to specifically detect the activation status of RhoA vs. RhoC isoforms, as well as Cdc42 vs. TC-10 isoforms in living cells. Clearly, additional efforts are still required to produce biosensor systems capable of detecting other isoforms of Rho GTPases including RhoB, Rac2/3, RhoG, etc. Through such efforts, we will uncover the isoform-specific roles of these near-identical proteins in living cells, clearly an important area of the Rho GTPase biology that is not yet fully appreciated.
Pre- and postoperative fMRI and clinical memory performance in temporal lobe epilepsy

Objective: The present study aimed to examine and compare memory processing in patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) before and after surgery using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: Seventeen preoperative patients with unilateral TLE (nine left, eight right) and eight healthy controls were recruited. They performed a complex visual scene-encoding task during fMRI to measure memory activation in the mesial temporal lobe. Their memory performance was evaluated using standardised neuropsychological tests. After unilateral temporal lobe resection (either temporal lobectomy, selective amygdalohippocampectomy or lesionectomy), the same fMRI paradigm and neuropsychological tests were administered to the patient group. Results: Left-TLE patients demonstrated a decline in verbal memory after left temporal lobe resection. Their postoperative verbal and visual memory performance was positively associated with postoperative functional activation in the right mesial temporal lobe, whereas the postoperative memory performance of right-TLE patients was positively associated with postoperative functional activation in the left mesial temporal lobe, contralateral to their respective side of resection. Conclusion: Postoperative memory performance was significantly associated with functional activation contralateral to the side of resection in patients with unilateral TLE, and the function of the contralateral mesial temporal lobe might play an important role in supporting memory performance after temporal lobe resection.
Anterior capsule staining using 0.025% trypan blue in cataracts without red reflex

Purpose: To describe the use of anterior capsule staining in cataracts without red reflex using a 0.025% trypan blue solution. Methods: Six eyes of 6 patients with cataracts without red reflex were submitted to phacoemulsification using a direct injection of 0.2 to 0.5 ml of 0.025% trypan blue in the anterior chamber previous to viscoelastic injection. All patients had an ophthalmologic examination prior to surgery, as well as pre and postoperative corneal endothelial cell count. Results: In all cases the capsule became stained with a faint blue color that enabled an adequate visibility of the flap during the continuous curvilinear anterior capsulotomy (CCC). There were no intra-or postoperative complications. The endothelial cell loss varied between 1.8% and 26.6% (mean 12.8%). Conclusion: Staining the anterior capsule with 0.025% trypan blue solution allows a good visibility of the capsular flap and facilitates the confection of CCC in cataracts without red reflex.
Experimental Analysis of Fibre Metal Laminates

Aircraft structures are prone to impact damages and one of the several methods to overcome this, is to use Fibre Metal Laminates in the construction of structures. Fibre Metal Laminates is a new class of advanced aerospace materials. They consist of thin metallic sheets bonded together with fibre reinforced adhesive matrices. In this work, strength characteristics of fibre metal laminates and fibre laminates are studied and compared as follows; Case I - Fibre metal laminate (Top & Bottom layers of 0.3 mm thick aluminium alloys sheets + 5 layers of (0/90/0/90/0) cross ply glass fibre laminates) is compared with 7 layers of (0/90/0/90/0/90/0) crossply glass fibre laminates and Case II - Fibre metal laminate ( Top & bottom layers of 0.3 mm thick aluminium alloy sheets + 7 layers of (0/90/0/90/0/90/0) crossply glass fibre laminates) with 9 layers of (0/90/0/90/0/90/0/90/0) crossply glass fibre laminates. The specimens are fabricated such that the seven layers FML and seven layers GFRP has the same thickness. Similar, is the case for nine layered laminates. To prepare the surface as per ASTM D 2651 of the aluminium alloy for adhesive bonding, both mechanical and chemical approaches have been employed. Surface pre-treatment would also be able to increase surface tension or change the surface chemistry to enhance adhesion with the aid of a chemical bond. Experimental facilities used for this experiment are, Impact test machine used for impact strength analysis as per ASTM D 5628 FD. The deformation, energy absorbed and force upon impact are considered to evaluate the characteristics of the laminates. From the results, it is concluded that the fibre metal laminates are stronger when compared to the GFRP laminates. The stiffness is more than 3 times higher compared to a GFRP. The energy during impact is also high for the fibre metal laminate. The Fibre metal laminate is able to withstand more than twice the energy compared to a GFRP laminate. Similarly, the force upon impact is also high for the fibre metal laminate which indicates that the fibre metal laminate is stronger when compared to a GFRP laminate
Reparability of aged silorane with methacrylate-based resin composite: micro-shear bond strength and scanning electron microscopy evaluation.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the compatibility between aged siloranes and methacrylate-based composites by simulating a common repair-technique. METHODS Twenty substrates were constructed using silorane (Filtek Silorane, 3M ESPE) and methacrylate composites (Filtek Supreme XT, 3M ESPE). Substrates were aged in 0.9% NaCl solution at 37°C for 72 hours. Silorane build-ups were constructed on silorane substrates without any intermediate layer (IL). Methacrylate build-ups were constructed on silorane substrates without any IL, with a methacrylate IL (Heliobond, Ivoclar Vivadent), or with a phosphate-methacrylate IL (Silorane System Adhesive Bond, 3M ESPE). Methacrylate build-ups were also constructed on methacrylate substrates without any IL. The micro-shear bond strength test was carried out after thermocycling. Bond strength data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests. Failure modes were assessed by means of scanning electron microscopy observations. RESULTS The silorane-methacrylate group without any IL showed the lowest bond strength values (0.4 ± 0.1 MPa). The use of a methacrylate-based IL (1.6 ± 1.7 MPa) led to a slight increase in bond strength, whereas the use of phosphate-methacrylate IL (9.1 ± 5.4 MPa) significantly increased bond strength. There was no statistically significant difference in bond strength between silorane-silorane (7.9 ± 3.6 MPa) and methacrylate-methacrylate (9.5 ± 4.1 MPa) groups without any IL.
Device Related Infections: Are We Making Progress?

Abstract Infection was identified early in development of mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs) as an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Sepsis, infection of implanted pump components, and infections of percutaneous drivelines continue to limit survival and decrease quality of life for patients with a MCSD. This review examines five questions related to whether there has been progress in preventing or managing infection complications in patients with MCSDs. Have changes in patient selection, device design, and surgical implant techniques decreased the incidence of infection? Do smaller implanted blood pumps have a lower risk for infection than larger implanted blood pumps? Will fully implanted circulatory support systems have fewer infection complications than tethered MCSDs? Can optimal design of a driveline together with improvements in surgical techniques and care of the percutaneous driveline diminish the rate and consequences of driveline infections? Have improvements in the preoperative, intraoperative, and immediate postoperative management of patients with MCSDs decreased the risk of sepsis? Although infection remains an important problem for patients with MCSDs, there is evidence that we are making progress as described in this review. It is crucial that we continue. (J Card Surg 2010;25:478‐483)
Socioeconomic status in HCV infected patients – risk and prognosis

Background and aims It is unknown whether socioeconomic status (SES) is a risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or a prognostic factor following infection. Methods From Danish nationwide registries, we obtained information on three markers of SES: employment, income, and education. In a case control design, we examined HCV infected patients and controls; conditional logistic regression was employed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) for HCV infection for each of the three SES markers, adjusting for the other two SES markers, comorbidity, and substance abuse. In a cohort design, we used Cox regression analysis to compute mortality rate ratios (MRRs) for each of the three SES markers, adjusting for the other two SES markers, comorbidity level, age, substance abuse, and gender. Results When compared to employed persons, ORs for HCV infection were 2.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.24–3.26) for disability pensioners and 2.24 (95% CI: 1.83–2.72) for the unemployed. When compared to persons with a high income, ORs were 1.64 (95% CI: 1.34–2.01) for low income persons and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.02–1.40) for medium income persons. The OR was 1.35 (95% CI: 1.20–1.52) for low education (no more than basic schooling). When compared to employed patients, MRRs were 1.71 (95% CI: 1.22–2.40) for unemployed patients and 2.24 (95% CI: 1.63–3.08) for disability pensioners. When compared to high income patients, MRRs were 1.47 (95% CI: 1.05–2.05) for medium income patients and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.13–2.34) for low income patients. Educational status was not associated with mortality. Conclusion Low SES was associated with an increased risk of HCV infection and with poor prognosis in HCV infected patients.
Engagement indicators predict health changes in a lifestyle intervention.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utility of several participant engagement indicators for predicting health changes in a church-based lifestyle intervention shown effective for improving dietary, physical activity, and clinical outcomes. METHODS Descriptive indicators were constructed using 2 participant engagement measures - education session attendance (EDA) and exercise class attendance (EXA) - separately and combined. Relationships of 6 engagement indicators to health outcomes were tested using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS EDA predicted 5 dietary and 1 clinical outcome, whereas EXA predicted one physical activity and one clinical outcome. The combined indicator predicted the same 7 outcomes. CONCLUSION Use of single engagement indicators specific to each intervention component is advocated for predicting relevant health outcome.