Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Interventions in Aging Dovepress Effects of Age, Sex, and Ethnicity on Bone Health Status of the Elderly in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Background: Osteoporosis is a significant health problem in the developing countries and its prevalence data are important for the estimation of health care burden and policy making. This study aimed to determine the age-related changes in bone health and the prevalence of osteo-porosis in males and females aged 50 years or above living in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2014 and December 2015. Subjects answered a demographic questionnaire and underwent body anthropometric and bone health measurement. Assessment of bone health was performed using a quantitative ultrasound device that generated speed of sound, broadband ultrasound attenuation, stiffness index, and T-score based on stiffness index value as bone health indices. Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis was 10.6% in males and 8.0% in females. Significant age-related decline of bone health indices (speed of sound, broadband ultrasound attenuation, stiffness index, and T-score) and a concurrent increase in the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia were observed in females (P,0.05) but not in males (P.0.05). Ethnic differences in bone health indices and prevalence of osteoporosis/osteopenia were not observed (P.0.05). Conclusion: A significant proportion of males and females age 50 years or above have suboptimal bone health. Preventive measures such as early screening should be implemented to retard the progression of osteoporosis.
ADI schemes for higher-order nonlinear diffusion equations

Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) schemes are constructed for the solution of two-dimensional higher linear and nonlinear diffusion equations, particularly including the fourth-order thin film equation for su tension driven fluid flows. First and second-order accurate schemes are derived via approximate factori the evolution equations. This approach is combined with iterative methods to solve nonlinear problems. P in the fluid dynamics of thin films are solved to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ADI schemes.  2002 IMACS. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Differential Targeting of Stem Cells and Differentiated Glioblastomas by NK Cells

We have recently shown that Natural Killer (NK) cells control survival and differentiation of Cancer Stem-like Cells (CSCs) through two distinct phenotypes of cytotoxic and anergic NK cells, respectively. In this report, brain CSCs and their serum and NK cell differentiated counterparts were studied. Serum-differentiated brain CSCs were significantly less susceptible to NK cells and CTL direct cytotoxicity as well as NK cell mediated Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC), whereas their CSCs were highly susceptible. The levels of CD44 and EGFR were higher in brain tumor CSCs when compared to the serum-differentiated tumors. No differences could be observed for the expression of MHC class I between brain tumor stem cells and their serum-differentiated counterparts. Moreover, supernatants from the combination of IL-2 and anti-CD16mAb treated NK cells (anergized NK cells) induced resistance of brain tumor CSCs to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity. Unlike serum-differentiated CSCs, NK supernatant induced differentiation and resistance to cytotoxicity in brain CSCs correlated with the increased expression of CD54 and MHC class I. The addition of anti-MHC class I antibody moderately inhibited NK mediated cytotoxicity against untreated or serum-differentiated CSCs, whereas it increased cytotoxicity against NK supernatant differentiated tumors. Therefore, two distinct mechanisms govern serum and NK supernatant mediated differentiation of brain tumors.
The application development process: What role does it play in the success of an application for the user developer?

End user development of applications forms a significant part of organisational systems development. This study investigates the role that developing an application plays in the eventual success of the application for the user developer. The results of this study suggest that the process of developing an application not only predisposes an end user developer to be more satisfied with the application than they would be if it were developed by another end user, but also leads them to perform better with it. Thus the results of the study highlight the contribution of the process of application development to application success.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon selected galaxies

Context. This is the fourth in a series of papers based on the ISOCAM Parallel Survey at 6.7 μm. While the first three papers have been devoted to active galactic nuclei (AGN), here we report on emission-line galaxies without AGN signatures in their optical spectra. Aims. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission has been found in both starbursts and modestly starforming galaxies, but the relation between starforming activity and PAH luminosity is still a matter of debate. The different correlation degrees could be caused by the variety of optical and far-infrared sample selection criteria. In order to obtain a census of the typical properties of PAH emitting galaxies, we here study moderately distant galaxies which have been selected by their PAH emission. Methods. Combining the ISOCAM Parallel Survey at 6.7 μm with 2MASS we have colour-selected a sample of 120 candidates for strong PAH emission. We obtained optical and mid-infrared spectra of 75 and 19 sources, respectively, and analysed IRASADDSCANs and available Spitzer 3.6–160 μm photometry. Results. The Spitzer mid-infrared spectra exhibit clear PAH features and corroborate that our photometric selection criteria trace the PAH emission of galaxies fairly well. The optical spectra show emission lines, at median redshift z ∼ 0.1, as well as Hδ and Ca II absorption, indicating ongoing starformation as well as post-starbursts. The mid- and far-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) provide evidence for a broad range of far-infrared (FIR) luminosities (10 9 L� −2 × 10 12 L� ), but in general the dust is colder (T < 25 K, β = 2) than for starburst galaxies like M 82 (T ≈ 40 K). For most galaxies the monocromatic luminosity (ν · Lν) peaks at about equal height at optical, 6.7 μm (PAH) and FIR wavelengths. In about 15% of the sources the FIR luminosity exceeds the optical and PAH
Fertility Choice and Semi-Endogenous Growth: Where Becker Meets Jones

We introduce fertility choice into an R&D-based semi-endogenous growth model so that the economy's long-run growth rate is again fully endogenously determined. The ultimate growth engine is located in the population equation of the model ("people reproduce in proportion to their number"), and R&D carries population growth forward to GDP growth. We indicate the problems stemming from the fact that in the considered class of models, population size ought to enter the utility functional multiplicatively. In particular, we show that second order optimality conditions need not hold and flow utility is required to be positive (levels of utility matter). A simplified "BarroBeckerJones" model which we put forward, reconciles these problems, yields a stable long-run fertility rate and thus an asymptotic BGP, and is open to further generalizations.
Multiple Classes of Immune-Related Proteases Associated with the Cell Death Response in Pepper Plants

Proteases regulate a large number of biological processes in plants, such as metabolism, physiology, growth, and defense. In this study, we carried out virus-induced gene silencing assays with pepper cDNA clones to elucidate the biological roles of protease superfamilies. A total of 153 representative protease genes from pepper cDNA were selected and cloned into a Tobacco rattle virus-ligation independent cloning vector in a loss-of-function study. Silencing of 61 proteases resulted in altered phenotypes, such as the inhibition of shoot growth, abnormal leaf shape, leaf color change, and lethality. Furthermore, the silencing experiments revealed that multiple proteases play a role in cell death and immune response against avirulent and virulent pathogens. Among these 153 proteases, 34 modulated the hypersensitive cell death response caused by infection with an avirulent pathogen, and 16 proteases affected disease symptom development caused by a virulent pathogen. Specifically, we provide experimental evidence for the roles of multiple protease genes in plant development and immune defense following pathogen infection. With these results, we created a broad sketch of each protease function. This information will provide basic information for further understanding the roles of the protease superfamily in plant growth, development, and defense.
The Implementation Duality 1 Introduction

We use the theory of abstract convexity to study adverse-selection principal-agent problems and two-sided matching problems, departing from much of the literature by not requiring quasilinear utility. We formulate and characterize a basic underlying implementation duality. We show how this duality can be used to obtain a sharpening of the taxation principle, to obtain a general existence result for solutions to the principal-agent problem, to show that (just as in the quasilinear case) all increasing decision functions are implementable under a single crossing condition, and to obtain an existence result for stable outcomes featuring positive assortative matching in a matching model.
Unemployment at a young age and sickness absence, disability pension, death and future unemployment - A register-based study of native Swedish and immigrant young adults

BACKGROUND:Youth unemployment is an increasing problem for societies around the world. Research has revealed negative health effects of unemployment, and this longitudinal register-based cohort study examined the relationship between unemployment and later sickness absence, disability pension and death among youth in Sweden.METHOD: The study group of 199 623 individuals comprised all immigrants born between 1968 and 1972 who immigrated before 1990 (25 607) and a random sample of native Swedes in the same age-range (174 016). The baseline year was 1992, and the follow-up period was from 1993 to 2007. Subjects with unemployment benefit in 1990-91, disability pension in 1990-92, severe disorders leading to hospitalization in 1990-92 and subjects who emigrated during follow-up were excluded.RESULTS: Those who were unemployed in 1992 had elevated risk of ≥60 days of sickness absence (OR 1.02-1.49), disability pension (HR 1.08-1.62) and all except native Swedish women had elevated risk of death (HR 1.01-1.65) during follow-up compared with non-unemployed individuals. The risk of future sickness absence increased with the length of unemployment in 1992 (OR 1.06-1.54), and the risk of sickness absence increased over time. A larger part of the immigrant cohort was unemployed at baseline than native Swedes. Selection to unemployment by less healthy subjects may explain part of the association between unemployment and the studied outcomes.CONCLUSION:Unemployment at an early age may influence the future health of the individual. To a society it may lead to increased burdens on the welfare system and productivity loss for many years.
Using relation similarity on open information extraction-based event template extraction

Automatic template extraction has been studied intensively in order to perform information extraction without predefined template. Several existing studies utilized the similar preprocessing techniques which are applied in Open Information Extraction (Open IE) paradigm system. We investigate the use of Open IE results to build the automatic event template extraction. In this study, we adapt the clustering based approach for template extraction, and propose to add the relation similarity information in the clustering function. We compare the clusters quality of the Open IE based system and non-Open IE based system and also with the use of relation similarity function using document classification metric. The experimental result shows that the performance of Open IE based system is comparable with the non-Open IE based system and the relation similarity information is able to improve the clusters quality.
OPTIMAL STOPPING GAMES UNDER WINNING PROBABILITY MAXIMIZATION AND PLAYER'S WEIGHTED PRIVILEGE

Some constant-sum n-stage sequential game version of best-choice problems under Winning Probability (WP) maximization are investigated and the explicit solutions are obtained. The essential feature contained in these sequential games is the fact that the players have their own weights by which at each stage, player's desired decision may be taken away by an opponent as an outcome of drawing a lottery. The game is, essentially, a generalization of the \horse game" rst investigated by Enns and Ferenstein [2]in 1985.
Evaluation of Arecoline Hydrobromide Toxicity after a 14-Day Repeated Oral Administration in Wistar Rats

A subchronic toxicity test was conducted in rats on the basis of a previous acute toxicity test to evaluate the safety of arecoline hydrobromide (Ah), to systematically study its pharmacological effects and to provide experimental support for a safe clinical dose. Eighty rats were randomly divided into four groups: a high-dose group (1000 mg/kg), medium-dose group (200 mg/kg), low-dose group (100mg/kg) and blank control group. The doses were administered daily via gastric lavage for 14 consecutive days. There were no significant differences in the low-dose Ah group compared to the control group (P>0.05) with regard to body weight, organ coefficients, hematological parameters and histopathological changes. The high-dose of Ah influenced some of these parameters, which requires further study. The results of this study indicated that a long-term, continuous high dose of Ah was toxic. However, it is safe to use Ah according to the clinically recommended dosing parameters. The level of Ah at which no adverse effects were observed was 100 mg/kg/day under the present study conditions.
Inhibition of endothelial cell activation by adenovirus-mediated expression of I kappa B alpha, an inhibitor of the transcription factor NF-kappa B

During the inflammatory response, endothelial cells (EC) transiently upregulate a set of genes encoding, among others, cell adhesion molecules and chemotactic cytokines that together mediate the interaction of the endothelium with cells of the immune system. Gene upregulation is mediated predominantly at the transcriptional level and in many cases involves the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF) kappa B. We have tested the concept of inhibiting the inflammatory response by overexpression of a specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB, I kappa B alpha. A recombinant adenovirus expressing I kappa B alpha was constructed (rAd.I kappa B alpha) and used to infect EC of human and porcine origin. Ectopic expression of IkappaBalpha resulted in marked, and in some cases complete, reduction of the expression of several markers of EC activation, including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, interleukins 1, 6, 8, and tissue factor. Overexpressed I kappa B alpha inhibited NF-kappa B specifically since (a) in electrophoretic mobility shift assay, NF-kappa B but not AP-1 binding activity was inhibited, and (b) von Willebrand factor and prostacyclin secretion that occur independently of NF-kappa B, remained unaffected. Functional studies of leukocyte adhesion demonstrated strong inhibition of HL-60 adhesion to I kappa B alpha-expressing EC. These findings suggest that NF-kappa B could be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in a variety of inflammatory diseases, including xenograft rejection.
Activation of Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels contributes to rhythmic firing of action potentials in mouse pancreatic beta cells

We have applied the perforated patch whole-cell technique to beta cells within intact pancreatic islets to identify the current underlying the glucose-induced rhythmic firing of action potentials. Trains of depolarizations (to simulate glucose-induced electrical activity) resulted in the gradual (time constant: 2.3 s) development of a small ( 60%) blocked by high (10-20 mM) concentrations of tetraethylammonium. Upon cessation of electrical stimulation, the current deactivated exponentially with a time constant of 6.5 s. This is similar to the interval between two successive bursts of action potentials. We propose that this Ca(2+)-activated K(+) current plays an important role in the generation of oscillatory electrical activity in the beta cell.
A Theoretical Model of Technical Professionals in Work Teams

The purpose of this research project was to develop and test a theoretical model of technical professionals in self-managing work teams using a number of constructs that have not been tested with this population. The overall aim was to begin to humbly fill a significant gap in the research literature focused on self-managing work teams. The rationale for the need to address technical professional perspectives in team settings is discussed in the following section.
Non-parametric estimation of integral probability metrics

In this paper, we develop and analyze a nonparametric method for estimating the class of integral probability metrics (IPMs), examples of which include the Wasserstein distance, Dudley metric, and maximum mean discrepancy (MMD). We show that these distances can be estimated efficiently by solving a linear program in the case of Wasserstein distance and Dudley metric, while MMD is computable in a closed form. All these estimators are shown to be strongly consistent and their convergence rates are analyzed. Based on these results, we show that IPMs are simple to estimate and the estimators exhibit good convergence behavior compared to ø-divergence estimators.
Analysis of a PM vernier motor with spoke structure

In this paper a vernier motor with a spoke PM structure instead of a surface PM is proposed in order to obtain higher power factor and flux density. However, upon investigating this structure with a single gap, unique effects which virtually eliminate the vernier effect are identified. To avoid these effects the spoke PM vernier motor with a double gap is then proposed. Analytic equations for back EMF and power factor are then derived for this motor in terms of various geometric factors such as magnet, winding pole numbers and thickness etc. For a case study, the practical achievable maximum power and power factor are calculated and verified with accurate simulations.
Quantitative Easing and Unconventional Monetary Policy – An Introduction

This article assesses the impact of Quantitative Easing and other unconventional monetary policies followed by central banks in the wake of the financial crisis that began in 2007. We consider the implications of theoretical models for the effectiveness of asset purchases and look at the evidence from a range of empirical studies. We also provide an overview of the contributions of the other articles in this Feature.
Notes on certain Newton gravity mechanisms of wavefunction localization and decoherence

Both an additional nonlinear term in the Schrödinger equation and an additional non-Hamiltonian term in the von Neumann equation, proposed to ensure localization and decoherence of macro-objects, resp. , contain the same Newtonian interaction potential formally. We discuss certain aspects that are common for both equations. In particular, we calculate the enhancement of the proposed localization and/or decoherence effects, which would take place if one could lower the conventional length-cutoff and resolve the mass density on the interatomic scale.
Religious motivations for cooperation: an experimental investigation using explicit primes

The role of religion in human cooperation remains a highly contested topic. Recent studies using economic game experiments to explore this issue have been largely inconclusive, yielding a range of conflicting results. In this study, we investigate the ability of religion to promote cooperation by using explicit theological primes. In the first study, conducted in a church, we find that subjects who report a stronger connection with a Christian passage about charitable giving are subsequently more likely to cooperate in a one-shot prisoner's dilemma game. In the second study, conducted over the Internet, we find that Christian subjects are more likely to cooperate after reading a Christian passage than a neutral one. However, in the same study, we find that Hindu and secular passages have no significant effect on Christians, and that none of the passages (Christian, Hindu, or secular) have an effect on non-Christians. Our results show the potential power of explicitly religious exhortations that promote cooperation, and also their selectivity.
Towards (Dis)Trust-Based Simulations of Agent Networks

$%675$&7 While the importance of trust in agent networks has been recognized for some time, the role of distrust has largely been ignored. In this paper, we argue that an explicit consideration of distrust and its complex interaction with individual trust and confidence in the network as a whole is necessary for the design and analysis of hybrid networks of human and machine agents. We propose a trust-confidencedistrust (TCD) model of agent network dynamics, and show how the dynamics of such networks can be modeled by extending Yu’s i* framework and combining it with the plan language ConGolog. This results in a simulation environment in which network processes and their dependence on trust, confidence in the networks and distrust can be studied.
AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF RAPID POPULATION GROWTH

The economic consequences of population growth constitute an important topic for historians ·and development ·economists alike. Quantitative· historical studies have been mainly confined to time-series analyses 'of English data, showing very large negative responses of real wages to population growth. These results are-shown'to be not robust to alternative specifications, partly due to limitations of the data. This paper re­ examines the question in two ways: by using single-country time-series of land rents instead of wages, and by estimating wage responses from anewly­ constructed panel data ·set of the six -largest European economies from 1500 to 1800. The new results show less dramatic negative consequences of. population growth for real wages than did earlier studies, but the magnitude of the effect remains larger than expected from simple diminishing returns in a production function with reasonable factor substitution possibilities. The historical co-incidence of population growth, inflation, and income redistribution (away from labor) remains to be fully explained. The panel data results also confirm the superiority of English and Dutch economic performance.in this period, as these countries were capable of absorbing more rapid population growth at constant real wages.