Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of peritoneal dialysis in AKI: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The role of peritoneal dialysis in the management of AKI is not well defined, although it remains frequently used, especially in low-resource settings. A systematic review was performed to describe outcomes in AKI treated with peritoneal dialysis and compare peritoneal dialysis with extracorporeal blood purification, such as continuous or intermittent hemodialysis. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched in July of 2012. Eligible studies selected were observational cohort or randomized adult population studies on peritoneal dialysis in the setting of AKI. The primary outcome of interest was all-cause mortality. Summary estimates of odds ratio were obtained using a random effects model. RESULTS Of 982 citations, 24 studies (n=1556 patients) were identified. The overall methodological quality was low. Thirteen studies described patients (n=597) treated with peritoneal dialysis only; pooled mortality was 39.3%. In 11 studies (7 cohort studies and 4 randomized trials), patients received peritoneal dialysis (n=392, pooled mortality=58.0%) or extracorporeal blood purification (n=567, pooled mortality=56.1%). In the cohort studies, there was no difference in mortality between peritoneal dialysis and extracorporeal blood purification (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 1.71). In four randomized trials, there was also no difference in mortality (odds ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 4.86); however, heterogeneity was significant (I(2)=73%, P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS There is currently no evidence to suggest significant differences in mortality between peritoneal dialysis and extracorporeal blood purification in AKI. There is a need for good-quality evidence in this important area.
Transient Pupil Response Is Modulated by Contrast-Based Saliency

The sudden appearance of a novel stimulus in the environment initiates a series of orienting responses that include coordinated shifts of gaze and attention, and also transient changes in pupil size. Although numerous studies have identified a significant effect of stimulus saliency on shifts of gaze and attention, saliency effects on pupil size are less understood. To examine salience-evoked pupil responses, we presented visual, auditory, or audiovisual stimuli while monkeys fixated a central visual spot. Transient pupil dilation was elicited after visual stimulus presentation regardless of target luminance relative to background, and auditory stimuli also evoked similar pupil responses. Importantly, the evoked pupil response was modulated by contrast-based saliency, with faster and larger pupil responses following the presentation of more salient stimuli. The initial transient component of pupil dilation was qualitatively similar to that evoked by weak microstimulation of the midbrain superior colliculus. The pupil responses elicited by audiovisual stimuli were well predicted by a linear summation of each modality response. Together, the results suggest that the transient pupil response, as one component of orienting, is modulated by contrast-based saliency, and the superior colliculus is likely involved in its coordination.
A Power-Efficient Mixed-Signal Smart ADC Design With Adaptive Resolution and Variable Sampling Rate for Low-Power Applications

With the rapid development of portable electronics, wearable devices have become widely used to monitor body signals for long-term health care and home care applications. They detect vital signals through physiological sensors and then transmit them to a cloud database for evaluation and monitoring purposes through wireless communication systems. In this paper, a smart analog-to-digital converter (ADC) was realized by a mixed-signal application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) based on adaptive resolution and lossless compression techniques for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal monitoring. The sampling clock for the ADC can be adaptively selected according to the characteristic of the signals. The lossless encoder consists of trend forecasting and entropy coding modules. The transmission data rate was decreased efficiently by adaptive resolution and lossless compression techniques. The chip aims to meet the low power consumption for the design, because it reduced the signal transmission rate and maintained high-quality ECG signal detection. The proposed mixed-signal ASIC design was realized using a 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process with a total power consumption of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$78.8~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> when operating at 1 kHz and a total chip area of 850 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 850~\mu \text{m}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
The Effectiveness of Banner Advertisements: Involvement and Click-through

This study indicates that people who are highly involved with a product are more likely to click a banner ad than those with low product involvement. In addition, this study found an interaction effect of peripheral cues (ad size and animation) and level of product involvement on clicking of banner ads; i.e., the positive relationship between peripheral cues and banner clicking is found to be more pronounced among those with low, rather than high, product involvement.
FEMINIZATION AND JUVENILIZATION OF POVERTY: Trends, Relative Risks, Causes, and Consequences

▪ Abstract This paper reviews trends in “feminization” and “juvenilization” of poverty showing that the relative risks of poverty increased for women in the 1970s but decreased for working-age women in the early 1980s. Relative risks of poverty increased for children between the 1970s and 1990s particularly in comparison with the elderly. Four factors affect these trends: First, the increase in women's employment and decline in the gender wage gap enhanced the likelihood that women remained above the poverty level. Second, the decline in manufacturing employment and “family wage” jobs for men increased the likelihood that less-educated men (and their families) fell into poverty in the early 1980s. These two factors combined to halt the feminization of poverty among the working-age population. At the same time, a third trend, the increase in “nonmarriage,” elevated the proportion of single parents who were young, never-married mothers and complicated the collection of child support from nonresident fathers.
When Are Tutorial Dialogues More Effective Than Reading?

It is often assumed that engaging in a one-on-one dialogue with a tutor is more effective than listening to a lecture or reading a text. Although earlier experiments have not always supported this hypothesis, this may be due in part to allowing the tutors to cover different content than the noninteractive instruction. In 7 experiments, we tested the interaction hypothesis under the constraint that (a) all students covered the same content during instruction, (b) the task domain was qualitative physics, (c) the instruction was in natural language as opposed to mathematical or other formal languages, and (d) the instruction conformed with a widely observed pattern in human tutoring: Graesser, Person, and Magliano's 5-step frame. In the experiments, we compared 2 kinds of human tutoring (spoken and computer mediated) with 2 kinds of natural-language-based computer tutoring (Why2-Atlas and Why2-AutoTutor) and 3 control conditions that involved studying texts. The results depended on whether the students' preparation matched the content of the instruction. When novices (students who had not taken college physics) studied content that was written for intermediates (students who had taken college physics), then tutorial dialogue was reliably more beneficial than less interactive instruction, with large effect sizes. When novices studied material written for novices or intermediates studied material written for intermediates, then tutorial dialogue was not reliably more effective than the text-based control conditions.
A dose-response investigation of the benefits of napping in healthy young, middle-aged and older adults

Older adults experience more fragmented sleep, greater daytime sleepiness and, nap more often than younger adults. Little research has investigated the effects of napping on waking function in older adults. In the present study, waking cognitive performance was examined in 10 young (mean age = 28 years), 10 middle-aged (mean age = 42 years) and 12 older adults (mean age = 61 years) following 60-min, 20-min and no nap conditions. It was expected that the older adults would need a longer nap to accrue benefits. Napping led to improvements for all age groups in subjective sleepiness, fatigue and accuracy on a serial addition/subtraction task. Waking electroencephalogram (EEG) confirmed that the participants were more physiologically alert following naps. There were no age differences in subjective reports or cognitive tasks; however, older adults had higher beta and gamma in the waking EEG, suggesting that they needed increased effort to maintain performance. Overall, older adults had smaller P2 amplitudes, reflecting their difficulty in inhibiting irrelevant stimuli, and delayed latencies and smaller amplitude P300s to novel stimuli, reflecting deficits in their frontal lobe functioning. Although older adults did garner benefits from napping, there was no evidence that they required longer naps to experience improvement.
‐exw as Third‐Person Object Agreement in Halkomelem1

This paper looks at the distribution of Halkomelem ‐exw, which occurs on certain transitive suffixes in certain environments (i.e., with third‐person objects). Two analyses are compared: (i) ‐exw can be analyzed as being part of some transitive suffixes (lexw and stexw) or (ii) ‐exw can be analyzed as a third‐person object agreement suffix. On the basis of empirical evidence having to do with passive and reflexive morphology, I argue that we should analyze ‐exw as a third‐person object agreement suffix. This analysis implies that Halkomelem should not be analyzed as a split ergative language, given that third‐person intransitive subject agreement does not pattern with third‐person object agreement.
Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce the Effect of Perceived Risk on the Intention to Use E-commerce: the Case of Algeria

Zakariya is a PhD Candidate and tutor at School of Business and Economics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, He teaches management information systems and e-commerce subjects His areas of interest are e-commerce adoption, IT diffusion, information systems success and strategic information systems. His works appear in various international publications. Abstract Despite the recent economic downtown in the Internet and ICT sectors, legitimate concerns regarding privacy and trust remain obstacles to growth and important issues to-2-both individuals and organizations. Studies on the adoption of business-to-consumer e-commerce have not simultaneously considered trust and risk as important determinants of adoption behavior. The conceptual model of this study leads us to believe that system risks of e-commerce are the major determinants of the adoption behavior. Based on technology acceptance model (TAM), this study aims to investigate the effect of perceived system risk on the behavioral intention of tourism organizations to use e-commerce. This research is expected to provide both theoretical explanations and empirical validation on the adoption of e-commerce, and offer clear explanation and recommendations for business organizations as well as e-commerce systems providers, regarding the adoption of e-commerce and the risk and security issues.
How prosodic attitudes can be false friends: Japanese vs. French social affects

The attitudes of the speaker during a verbal interaction are affects linked to the speaker intentions, and are built by the language and the culture. They are a very large part of the affects expressed during an interaction, voluntary controlled, This paper describes several experiments which show that some attitudes own both to Japanese and French and are implemented in perceptively similar prosody, but that some Japanese attitudes don’t exist and/or are wrongly decoded by French listeners. Results are presented for 12 attitudes and three levels of language (naive, beginner, intermediary). It must particularly be noted that French listeners, naive in Japanese, can very well recognize admiration, authority and irritation; that they don’t discriminate Japanese question and declaration before the intermediary level, and that the extreme Japanese politeness is interpreted as impoliteness by French listeners, even when they can speak a good level of Japanese.
Translators and translation technology: The dance of agency

Andrew Pickering's view of agency in scientific practice challenges other views from the sociology of science in that he seeks to account for both human and non-human agency within a performative idiom of science. His approach has been applied in various contexts, within and beyond the sciences. This paper explores the potential of mobilizing Pickering's notions of the “mangle of practice” and the “dance of agency” to conceptualize translation practice, specifically to develop a deeper understanding of translators’ interaction with translation technology, both individually and collectively. I argue for the relevance of this conceptualization and make a case for a “mangle-inspired” reading of translators’ contributions to an online technical forum. However, I also reflect on how this analysis deviates from the principles of the mangle and conclude by discussing some of the methodological challenges of researching the interaction between translators and translation technology within this framework.
Cam Perry, Heraclitus, and Hypnosis: An Appreciative Understanding

The authors summarize personal, intellectual, and social influences on Campbell Perry’s (1937–2003) life and research on hypnosis. His education in Australia reflected the influences of a public primary school, a prestigious private high school, and undergraduate and graduate work at Australia’s oldest university. His approach to hypnosis was influenced initially by Gordon Hammer and Philip Sutcliffe, and his life generally was influenced by John Anderson, the leader of the Libertarian Society, the intellectual core of a broader group known as the Push. This group reflected in part the thinking of the pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, Heraclitus, who taught that change was the only reality. The article summarizes Perry’s work on hypnosis and memory, and his contributions concerning uncancelled hypnotic suggestions, pain and surgery, and imagery and hypnotizability are summarized.
Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Group Support Systems Research

The amount of research on group support systems (GSS) is growing quickly. One component of GSS, anonymous interaction, has received a great deal of attention recently. The quantitative and qualitative research thus far on anonymous GSS interaction suggests that the effects of GSS anonymity on group processes and outcomes are positive and/or neutral. In this article, the authors explore the potentialfor negative and/or dysfunctional consequences of GSS anonymity and discuss the relevant implications and research questions to be asked and answered.
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of Ectopic Visual Inputs

Brain injury is a serious clinical problem. The success of recovery from brain injury involves functional compensation in the affected brain area. We are interested in general mechanisms that underlie compensatory plasticity after brain damage, particularly when multiple brain areas or multiple modalities are included. In this thesis, I studied the function of auditory cortex after recovery from neonatal midbrain damage as a model system that resembles patients with brain damage or sensory dysfunction. I addressed maladaptive changes of auditory cortex after invasion by ectopic visual inputs. I found that auditory cortex contained auditory, visual,
The Reporting of Self-Esteem in Japan and Canada

Japanese tend to report lower self-esteem than do Westerners. What this behavioral difference indicates about the private sentiments of individuals in Japan and Western countries such as Canada has been earnestly debated in recent years. Consideration of self-esteem ratings as speech acts or performatives shifts the focus of cultural comparison away from the valence of assumed mental representations and onto the pragmatics of agreement with statements of personal value. This alternative framing highlights the importance of performative pressures and other normative considerations in guiding the speech acts whereby self-esteem is typically measured. To support our claim that the self-esteem ratings of Japanese and Canadians are shaped by contrasting performative pressures, we show that explicit instructions designed to offset these pressures predictably raise or lower reported self-esteem. Implications of the results for the meaning and measurement of self-esteem across cultures are discussed.
High serotonin levels during brain development alter the structural input-output connectivity of neural networks in the rat somatosensory layer IV

Homeostatic regulation of serotonin (5-HT) concentration is critical for “normal” topographical organization and development of thalamocortical (TC) afferent circuits. Down-regulation of the serotonin transporter (SERT) and the consequent impaired reuptake of 5-HT at the synapse, results in a reduced terminal branching of developing TC afferents within the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Despite the presence of multiple genetic models, the effect of high extracellular 5-HT levels on the structure and function of developing intracortical neural networks is far from being understood. Here, using juvenile SERT knockout (SERT−/−) rats we investigated, in vitro, the effect of increased 5-HT levels on the structural organization of (i) the TC projections of the ventroposteromedial thalamic nucleus toward S1, (ii) the general barrel-field pattern, and (iii) the electrophysiological and morphological properties of the excitatory cell population in layer IV of S1 [spiny stellate (SpSt) and pyramidal cells]. Our results confirmed previous findings that high levels of 5-HT during development lead to a reduction of the topographical precision of TCA projections toward the barrel cortex. Also, the barrel pattern was altered but not abolished in SERT−/− rats. In layer IV, both excitatory SpSt and pyramidal cells showed a significantly reduced intracolumnar organization of their axonal projections. In addition, the layer IV SpSt cells gave rise to a prominent projection toward the infragranular layer Vb. Our findings point to a structural and functional reorganization of TCAs, as well as early stage intracortical microcircuitry, following the disruption of 5-HT reuptake during critical developmental periods. The increased projection pattern of the layer IV neurons suggests that the intracortical network changes are not limited to the main entry layer IV but may also affect the subsequent stages of the canonical circuits of the barrel cortex.
Adaptive Smart Technology Use: The Need for Meta-Self-Regulation

Today, smart technology in the form of tablets and smartphones is a cherished tool for most people. Instant online access that allows for extensive interacting on social media, texting, playing video games and music, checking for news and weather has turned smart technology into “an integral part of the lives of all ages worldwide” (Samaha and Hawi, 2016, p. 321). The multi-functional nature of smart technology makes it attractive as a tool for learning and education (Kucirkova, 2014; Schilhab, 2017a) leading, however, to noticeable changes in affordances and embodiment, and consequently learning (Mangen and Schilhab, 2012)1. For instance, reading scholars increasingly find that changing the physical reading platform (from a printed book to a digital screen) leads to marked alterations in comprehension of the text read. They point to factors related to the affordance of the reading device such as haptics e.g., perception through touch (Mangen and Kuiken, 2014) and lighting conditions (e.g., Benedetto et al., 2013) as aspects undergoing a significant change which result in a reduced learning outcome. This observation is corroborated by studies probing for accompanying metacognitive processing that show less accurate prediction of performance and more erratic study-time regulation when reading on screen versus on paper (Ackerman and Goldsmith, 2011). Such effects on literary reading are not agreed upon unanimously. Some researchers emphasize our “native biological plasticity” that among other things entails “bodily reconfiguration” Clark (2007 p. 263) and major “re-embodiment” (Ihde, 2010) when describing human cognition in relation to smart technology use. The argument asserts that the reduced comprehension when reading on screen is a novelty effect in the sense that subjects are proficient print-readers while still lacking in screen expertise (Hayler, 2015). Over time, people will adjust to the affordances of the new devices and the comprehension issues apparent today will evaporate as screen reading abilities are simultaneously refined and technology has co-evolved for this specific task. In so far as screen use is tool-use, the proposed plasticityand embodiment perspective prevalent in human-technology interaction studies seems pertinent. The question remains, however, if prolonged exposure and subsequent development of embodied skills is all it takes for humans to adapt to the affordances of smart technology. A relevant objection to the novelty claim could be that the comprehension issues associated with screen reading exemplifies a need to go beyond automatic embodiment processes and conceptualize the specifics of the mental processes that account for our adaptation to the environment. In the following article, I unfold why automatic skill learningmay not be an exhaustive answer to the affordances provided by smart technology. First, I discuss what characterizes smart technology
Are lived choices based on emotional processes?

Previous studies have demonstrated lawful relationships between judgements of how much one wants a desired outcome (D), level of expectation that the outcome will occur (E), and how good or bad one feels in relationship to D and E, termed F. Two equations derived in these studies were: (a) F =-0.3 D + 1.3 DE 1/2 for approach goals, and (b) F = -D + 1.4 DE 2 for avoidance goals. We tested the extent to which these same equations were associated with choices made in everyday life and the extent to which both these equations as well as direct measures of emotional feeling were associated with strength of choice. Participants rated D, E, F, and strength of choice (SC) of real life options. Equations derived for relationships between D, E, and F were very similar to those derived previously. Direct ratings of emotional feelings about options, termed F, and F calculated from equations 1 and 2 were closely associated with each other (r =.93) and with strength of choice (r =.72 and .84 for F and F, respectively). In contrast, DE was poorly associated with ratings of emotional feelings (r of DE vs. F =.37) and modestly associated with strength of choice (r =.55). All of these results support a commonality between cognitive processes underlying emotions and choice.