Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Embedded Shape Memory Alloy Ribbons

Shape memory alloy (SMA) wires can be embedded in a host material to alter the stiffness or modal response and provide vibration control. The interaction between the embedded SMA and the host material is critical to applications requiring transfer of loads or strain from the wire to the host. Although there has been a significant amount of research dedicated to characterizing and modeling the response of SMA alone, little research has focused on the transformation behavior of embedded SMAs. In the current work, photoelasticity was used to quantify the internal stresses induced by the actuation of a thin SMA ribbon in a polymer matrix. Through the use of a CCD camera and a frame grabber, photoelastic fringes were digitally recorded at discrete time increments. The stress contours were then analyzed quantitatively as a function of time. A numerical simulation of the embedded ribbon was also carried out using a coupled SMA constitutive model. The thermomechanical model accurately predicted the stress contours throughout the experiment.
Kinesin-II, a membrane traffic motor in axons, axonemes, and spindles

T HE kinesins constitute a superfamily of motor proteins that use energy liberated from ATP hydrolysis to move cargo along microtubules (MTs) 1 and thus play important roles in various intracellular transport events (4, 9). Kinesin-driven motility depends upon the action of kinesin-related polypeptides (KRPs), consisting of conserved motor domains sharing ~40% amino acid sequence identity that split ATP and move along MTs, linked to divergent tails that contain cargo-binding and oligomerization domains. Much has been learned about the activities of kinesin motors by studying these KRPs at the level of individual polypeptide chains, but inside cells, the specific functions of many KRPs may depend upon their self-assembly into multimeric complexes that also contain accessory subunits. Indeed, the founding member of the kinesin superfamily, named kinesin (24), was first purified as a heterotetrameric complex that contains such accessory subunits. Now a related complex, the heterotrimeric kinesin-II holoenzyme (26) has been described. Here I summarize the properties of the kinesin holoenzyme to provide a familiar context in which to review the structure, domain organization, and functions of the recently described kinesin-II motor protein. This comparison shows that kinesin-II has a similar overall structural organization to kinesin, having two motor domains lying at one end of the molecule linked by a rod to a tail where the accessory subunits are located. Such a structural arrangement appears to allow both kinesin and kinesin-II to serve as axonal vesicle transport motors that can be deployed as membrane traffic motors in other subcellular locations such as axonemes and spindles.
The Stress-Buffering Model of Social Support in Post-Acute Brain Injury Rehabilitation

Currently, 3.2-5.3 million Americans (1.1-1.7%) live with long-term disability resulting from acquired brain injury (ABI). Despite two to three million more being treated yearly for milder injuries and released without further services, those with enduring problems often require ongoing rehabilitation and support. The immediate and long-term costs of ABI are substantial, as are the burdens associated with lifelong sequelae. A clear understanding of prognostic indicators—only some of which have been identified—could assist in reducing these costs and burdens. Social support, which has been linked with physical health and function in populations across the world, is one likely indicator. Family stress, which may influence the availability of social support and which has been independently linked to functional outcomes in various populations, is another. Somewhat surprisingly, the relationship of either with functional outcomes in ABI has yet to be firmly established. Framed by the Stress-Buffering Model of social support, this study examined the extent to which family stress predicts physical function following ABI and whether and how social support moderates this relationship. Data for this study was obtained from a national brain injury database (OutcomeInfo). OutcomeInfo houses demographic, injury, medical, service, and administrative information, as well as ratings and scores from the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory—Fourth Edition (MPAI-4). The MPAI-4 is a questionnaire designed for use in post-acute rehabilitation and support programs, intended to allow facilities to track outcomes and changes throughout treatment. Bivariate Pearson and partial correlation were used in this study to gather preliminary information about the Stress-Buffering Model’s applicability within these post-acute services. Bivariate Pearson correlations revealed no significant relationships between family stress or friend support and physical function. Partial correlations revealed no significant relationships when controlling for STRESS-BUFFERING IN ACQUIRED BRAIN INJURY 2 several personal and contextual variables both individually and concurrently. This study had several limitations, and results should not be generalized at this point. Despite the lack of significant results, this study presents a coherent conceptual framework within which to examine these relationships further and provides a research design upon which future investigators may build.
Evaluation of eligibility and utilization of breast conservation treatment in an Asian context.

BACKGROUND Breast conservation treatment (BCT) has long been recognised to provide survival outcomes equivalent to mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer. However, published reports of BCT rates in Asian communities are lower than those from Western countries. This study sought to investigate the eligibility and utilisation of BCT in a predominantly Asian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients treated surgically by a single surgeon at a private medical facility between 2009 and 2011 were included in the study. Patients were deemed to have successful BCT if they underwent breast conserving surgery with pathologic clear margins and completed all recommended adjuvant treatment. Those who did not complete adjuvant treatment were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS Data from a total of 161 patients who underwent treatment during the study period were analysed. The mean age was 48.8 years. One hundred and six patients (65.8%) were of Chinese ethnicity, 12 were Indian (7.5%), 11 were Malay (6.8%), 18 were Caucasian (11.2%) and 14 (8.7%) were of other Asian ethnicity. One hundred and thirty-eight women (85.7%) underwent BCT. Of the 23 (14.3%) who underwent mastectomy, 8 (5.4%) elected to undergo a mastectomy despite being eligible for BCT. In total, it was assessed that 146 of 161 patients (90.7%) were eligible for BCT and utilisation was 94.5%. CONCLUSIONS In this study, eligibility, utilisation of BCT and eventual successful breast conservation rates are similar to published rates in Western communities. Additional research is needed to investigate the reasons for the lower published BCT rates in Asian countries and determine ways to improve them.
Distinct crustal isostasy trends east and west of the Rocky Mountain Front

Seismic structure beneath the contiguous U.S. was imaged with multimode receiver function stacking and inversion of Rayleigh wave dispersion and ellipticity measurements. Crust thickness and elevation are weakly correlated across the contiguous U.S., but the correlation is ~3–4 times greater for separate areas east and west of the Rocky Mountain Front (RMF). Greater lower crustal shear velocities east of the RMF, particularly in low‐elevation areas with thick crust, are consistent with deep crustal density as the primary cause of the contrasting crust thickness versus elevation trends. Separate eastern and western trends are best fit by Airy isostasy models that assume lower crust to uppermost mantle density increases of 0.18 g/cm3 and 0.40 g/cm3, respectively. The former value is near the minimum that is plausible for felsic lower crust. Location of the transition at the RMF suggests that Laramide to post‐Laramide processes reduced western U.S. lower crustal density.
Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Progenitor and Stem Cells for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration

Research in regenerative medicine is developing at a significantly quick pace. Cell-based bone and cartilage replacement is an evolving therapy aiming at the treatment of patients who suffer from limb amputation, damaged tissues and various bone and cartilage-related disorders. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the capability to regenerate into one or more committed cell lineages. Stem cells isolated from multiple sources have been finding widespread use to advance the field of tissue repair. The present review gives a comprehensive overview of the developments in stem cells originating from different tissues and suggests future prospects for functional bone and cartilage tissue regeneration.
Three Forms of Neurorealism: Explaining the Persistence of the “Uncritically Real” in Popular Neuroscience News

Neuro-realism is a widely cited concept describing a textual phenomenon in popular science news wherein brain research uncritically validates or invalidates the “realness” of particular beliefs or practices. Currently, no research on neuro-realism examines the variable rhetorical roles of such statements, that is, how they support specialized arguments or enhance social functions across genres of public communication. This article details the nuances of neuro-realism, arguing that neuro-realism is much more than a singular textual phenomenon but a flexible rhetorical vehicle manifesting in at least three forms: commonsense, judicial, and rational. Each form serves a larger argumentative purpose, and each can be consistently linked to a popular news subgenre, illuminating how neuro-realism’s stunning lack of criticality proves permissible and reproducible in popular science publications.
Detection and characterization of MIMO radar signals

Motivated by electronic surveillance applications, this paper considers the problems of detecting the presence of and characterizing a radar transmitter using data collected at a spatially distributed suite of receivers. A characterization of particular interest is determining the rank of the transmitted signal, which enables discrimination between MIMO and conventional radar transmitters as well as distinguishing between MIMO systems that simultaneously emit different numbers of linearly independent signals from their transmit arrays. Bayesian detectors are derived and their performance is demonstrated in simulations. Generalized likelihood ratio tests are also derived and some drawbacks they manifest in this setting are noted.
A Performance Study of Diffusive vs . Remapped Load-Balancing Schemes

For a large class of irregular grid applications, the computational structure of the problem changes in an incremental fashion from one phase of the computation to another. Eventually, as the graph evolves, it becomes necessary to correct the partition in accordance with the structural changes in the computation. Partitioning the graph from scratch and then intelligently remapping the resulting partition will accomplish this task. Two different types of schemes to accomplish this task have been developed recently. In one scheme, the graph is partitioned from scratch and then the resulting partition is remapped intelligently to the original partition. The second type of scheme use a multilevel diffusion repartitioner. In this paper, we conduct a comparison study on repartitioning via intelligent remapping versus repartitioning by diffusion. We show that multilevel diffusion algorithms generally produce significantly lower data migration overhead for adaptive graphs in which low magnitude localized or non-localized imbalances occur and for graphs in which high magnitude imbalances occurs globally throughout the domains than partitioning from scratch and remapping the resulting partition. We show that for the class of problems in which high magnitude imbalances occur in localized areas of the graph, partitioning from scratch and remapping the resulting partition will result in very low edge-cuts and data migration overheads which are similar to those obtained by diffusive schemes. Finally, we show that the run times of the various schemes are all similar. This work was supported by NSF CCR-9423082, by Army Research Office contract DA/DAAH04-95-1-0538, by Army High Performance Computing Research Center cooperative agreement number DAAH04-95-2-0003/contract number DAAH04-95-C-0008, by the IBM Partnership Award, and by the IBM SUR equipment grant. Access to computing facilities was provided by AHPCRC, Minnesota Supercomputer Institute. Related papers are available via WWW at URL: http://www.cs. umn.edu/ ̃karypis yUniversity of Minnesota, Department of Computer Science & Engineering / Army HPC Center, Minneapolis, MN zUniversity of Minnesota, Department of Computer Science & Engineering / Army HPC Center, Minneapolis, MN xUniversity of Minnesota, Department of Computer Science & Engineering / Army HPC Center, Minneapolis, MN {NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA kNASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
Children's and Adolescents' Developing Perceptions of Gender Inequality.

Two studies examined children's and adolescents' developing perceptions of gender inequality. The first study examined perceptions of inequality among 272 early, middle, and late adolescents, focusing on the spheres of politics, business, and the home. Results indicated an age-related increase in perceptions of male dominance. Men were seen to have more power and status in politics than in business whereas relative equality was seen to exist in the home. The second study included 96 child and adolescent participants aged 7–15 and once again found an increase in general perceptions of male dominance with age. Results suggest that young children are less explicitly aware of gender inequality than might be assumed given their extensive knowledge of power-loaded gender-role stereotypes.
On Konig-Egervary Collections of Maximum Critical Independent Sets

Let G be a simple graph with vertex set V(G). A set S is independent if no two vertices from S are adjacent. The graph G is known to be a Konig-Egervary if alpha(G)+mu(G)= |V(G)|, where alpha(G) denotes the size of a maximum independent set and mu(G) is the cardinality of a maximum matching. The number d(X)= |X|-|N(X)| is the difference of X, and an independent set A is critical if d(A) = max{d(I):I is an independent set in G} (Zhang; 1990). Let Omega(G) denote the family of all maximum independent sets. Let us say that a family Gamma of independent sets is a Konig-Egervary collection if |Union of Gamma| + |Intersection of Gamma| = 2alpha(G) (Jarden, Levit, Mandrescu; 2015). In this paper, we show that if the family of all maximum critical independent sets of a graph G is a Konig-Egervary collection, then G is a Konig-Egervary graph. It generalizes one of our conjectures recently validated in (Short; 2015).
Variable Block Size Prediction For Wyner-Ziv Video Coding Using Structure Similarity

This work focuses on generating better side information by exploiting the gains of variable block size based motion-compensated interpolation (VBMCI). Wyner-Ziv video coding (WZVC) conduct temporal prediction at the decoder, and this leads two results: temporal prediction has no access to the current frame and there is no motion vectors sent from the encoder to the decoder. Both make traditional variable block size prediction techniques not suitable for WZVC. In this paper a new algorithm VBMCI-SSIM is proposed, in which the structure similarity is firstly used to aid controlling block splitting and finding correct motion trajectory. Experimental results prove the validity of the proposed algorithm.
Maximally Stabilizing Task Release Control Policy for a Dynamical Queue

In this technical note, we introduce a model of dynamical queue, in which the service time depends on the server utilization history. The proposed queueing model is motivated by widely accepted empirical laws describing human performance as a function of mental arousal. The objective of this technical note is to design task release control policies that can stabilize the queue for the maximum possible arrival rate, assuming deterministic arrivals. First, we prove an upper bound on the maximum possible stabilizable arrival rate for any task release control policy. Then, we propose a simple threshold policy that releases a task to the server only if its state is below a certain fixed value. Finally, we prove that this task release control policy ensures stability of the queue for the maximum possible arrival rate.
Open charm as a probe of preequilibrium dynamics in nuclear collisions.

The preequilibrium contribution to open charm production in nuclear collisions at [radical][ital s] =200 A GeV is calculated and shown to be sensitive to the early time evolution of the initial minijet gluon plasma. The role of charm as a probe of the formation zone physics and correlations between momentum and space-time coordinates is emphasized. While ideal (Bjorken) correlation between the rapidity [ital y] and space-time rapidity [eta] of minijet gluons suppresses greatly the preequilibrium yield, the minimal correlation with finite geometrical spread enhances the initial fusion rate by a factor [similar to]2 in the moderate [ital p][sub [perpendicular]][similar to]2--6 GeV range. That is dominated by fusion of semihard'' [ital p][sub [perpendicular]][gt]2 GeV minijet gluons and secondary soft'' [ital p][sub [perpendicular]][lt]2 GeV gluons from initial and final state radiation. The intrinsic'' charm process is negligible in the midrapidity domain.
Overextension of Conjunctive Concepts: Evidence for a Unitary Model of Concept Typicality and Class Inclusion

Four experiments investigated how people judge both the typicality and membership of items in conjunctive concepts such as school furniture or sports which are games. Judgments of membership in conjunctions were overextended, and there was asymmetry between the constituent concepts in their influence on relative conjunctive concept membership. The results are discussed in the light of recent theoretical disputes about the modeling of concept representations and the process of forming conjunctions (Cohen & Murphy, 1984; Osherson & Smith, 1981, 1982; Smith & Osherson, 1984). A theory is proposed in which constituent intensions are combined to form a composite prototype for the conjunction. Membership in both single and conjunctive concepts is then determined in the same unitary fashion, by placing a membership criterion on the perceived similarity of possible exemplars to the prototype. An important issue in the study of natural language concepts is the way in which common semantic concepts combine to form conjunctions. For a wide range of concepts, two very reliable phenomena have been established: One, members of concept categories vary in their representativeness, and two, for many concepts the boundary around the class of concept members is unclear or "fuzzy. " However, to date few empirical studies have considered what happens when two of these fuzzy concepts are placed in conjunction. Do conjunctions show similar typicality and fuzziness phenomena? If so, how can they be related to typicality in the constituent concepts? Do fuzzy concepts follow the same logical rules for conjunction as well-defined concepts? The first aim of this article is to provide empirical evidence that may begin to answer these questions. The current interest in concept conjunctions comes largely from their relevance to the basic question of concept definitions: that is, how a concept picks out an extensional set of concept members. A second aim of this research is therefore to use the study of conceptual combination to provide important constraints on models of conceptualization. In particular, it will be argued that evidence on conjunctions can have theoretical implications for distinguishing the following two opposing accounts of concept definitions.
Exploring the active galactic nucleus and starburst content of local ultraluminous infrared galaxies through 5–8 μm spectroscopy

We present a 5-8 μm analysis of the Spitzer spectra of 71 ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) with redshift z < 0.15, devoted to the study of the role of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and starbursts (SBs) as the power source of the extreme infrared emission. Around ∼5 μm, an AGN is much brighter (by a factor of ≈30) than an SB of equal bolometric luminosity. This allows us to detect the presence of even faint accretion-driven cores inside ULIRGs: signatures of AGN activity are found in ∼70 per cent of our sample (50/71 sources). Through a simple analytical model, we are also able to obtain a quantitative estimate of the AGN/SB contribution to the overall energy output of each source. Although the main fraction of ULIRG luminosity is confirmed to arise from star formation events, the AGN contribution is non-negligible (∼23 per cent) and is shown to increase with luminosity. The existence of a rather heterogeneous pattern in the composition and geometrical structure of the dust among ULIRGs is newly supported by the comparison between individual absorption features and continuum extinction.
Visual system integrity and cognition in early Huntington's disease

Posterior cortical volume changes and abnormal visuomotor performance are present in patients with Huntington's disease (HD). However, it is unclear whether posterior cortical volume loss contributes to abnormal neural activity, and whether activity changes predict cognitive dysfunction. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we investigated brain structure and visual network activity at rest in patients with early HD (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20). The symbol digit modalities test (SDMT) and subtests of the Visual Object and Space Perception Battery were completed offline. For functional MRI data, a group independent component analysis was used. Voxel‐based morphometry was employed to assess regional brain atrophy, and ‘biological parametric mapping’ analyses were included to investigate the impact of atrophy on neural activity. Patients showed significantly worse visuomotor and visual object performance than controls. Structural analyses confirmed occipitotemporal atrophy. In patients and controls, two spatiotemporally distinct visual systems were identified. Patients showed decreased activity in the left fusiform cortex, and increased left cerebellar activity. These findings remained stable after correction for brain atrophy. Lower fusiform cortex activity was associated with lower SDMT performance and with higher disease burden scores. These associations were absent when cerebellar function was related to task performance and disease burden. The results of this study suggest that regionally specific functional abnormalities of the visual system can account for the worse visuomotor cognition in HD patients. However, occipital volume changes cannot sufficiently explain abnormal neural function in these patients.
Arcsecond-Scale Kinematic and Chemical Complexity in Cepheus A East

We present results from Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations of the star-forming region Cepheus A East at ~340 GHz (875 μm) with 0.7''-2'' resolution. At least four compact submillimeter continuum sources have been detected as well as a rich forest of hot core line emission. Two kinematically, chemically, and thermally distinct regions of molecular emission are present in the vicinity of the HW2 thermal jet, both spatially distinct from the submillimeter counterpart to HW2. We propose that this emission is indicative of multiple protostars rather than a massive disk as reported by Patel et al.