Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Objective To examine and quantify the potential dose-response relation between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Data sources Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library searched up to 30 August 2013 without language restrictions. Reference lists of retrieved articles. Study selection Prospective cohort studies that reported risk estimates for all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality by levels of fruit and vegetable consumption. Data synthesis Random effects models were used to calculate pooled hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals and to incorporate variation between studies. The linear and non-linear dose-response relations were evaluated with data from categories of fruit and vegetable consumption in each study. Results Sixteen prospective cohort studies were eligible in this meta-analysis. During follow-up periods ranging from 4.6 to 26 years there were 56 423 deaths (11 512 from cardiovascular disease and 16 817 from cancer) among 833 234 participants. Higher consumption of fruit and vegetables was significantly associated with a lower risk of all cause mortality. Pooled hazard ratios of all cause mortality were 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.92 to 0.98) for an increment of one serving a day of fruit and vegetables (P=0.001), 0.94 (0.90 to 0.98) for fruit (P=0.002), and 0.95 (0.92 to 0.99) for vegetables (P=0.006). There was a threshold around five servings of fruit and vegetables a day, after which the risk of all cause mortality did not reduce further. A significant inverse association was observed for cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio for each additional serving a day of fruit and vegetables 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.92 to 0.99), while higher consumption of fruit and vegetables was not appreciably associated with risk of cancer mortality. Conclusions This meta-analysis provides further evidence that a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of all cause mortality, particularly cardiovascular mortality.
The nature of historical representation on Wikipedia: Dominant or alterative historiography?

Given their ease of use and capability for interactivity, new media are seen as having the potential to make visible previously marginalized voices. The online presence of the writing of history is increasing, and this potential would be a welcome development for the field as it would create a much richer set of easily available historical perspectives. However, this article suggests that the achievement of this promise is fraught with difficulty and that a more likely outcome is a mapping of the status quo in historical representation onto the new media. To illustrate this, I present an analysis of the Wikipedia accounts of Singaporean and Philippine history. For Singapore, alternative historical visions are not as developed as those for the Philippines, and this is reflected in the nature of the respective Wikipedia accounts. I suggest that a possible means to achieve something more of the promise of digital media for history is for information professionals to take a keener interest in Wikipedia, with an eye to helping include accounts of documented historical perspectives that are ignored by mainstream historiographical traditions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A training program designed to improve interprofessional knowledge, skills and attitudes in chronic disease settings

Abstract For over 25 years, The Arthritis Program (TAP) at Southlake Regional Health Centre has worked within a successful interprofessional model. TAP recognized the need to teach its model and developed The Arthritis Program – Interprofessional Training Program (TAP-ITP). This pilot study evaluated perceptions of 22 TAP-ITP participants related to effectiveness and satisfaction. The study employed a longitudinal survey design and data were collected at the baseline (T1), post-program (T2), and at one year (T3) by use of the following instruments: W(e)Learn Program Assessment; Interprofessional (IP) Learner and Team Contracts; Interprofessional Collaborative Competencies Attainment Survey (ICCAS); Bruyère Clinical Team Self Assessment Scale; and Attitudes Toward Health Care Teams (ATHCT). Data analysis included descriptive, non-parametric and parametric tests. Results indicated participants were very satisfied with TAP-ITP. ICCAS scores revealed statistically significant differences (Wilcoxon rank sum tests) from T1 to T2 in perceptions of IPC competencies (p < 0.05). Paired t-tests for each T1 to post (T2 and T3) scores were all significant (p < 0.05) for each Bruyère subscale and overall scores. For ATHCT, paired t-tests for each T1 to T2 were significant for Quality of Care/Process (p = 0.04) and borderline significant for Physician Centrality scale (p = 0.06). At T3, improvement in both scales was maintained. This pilot study suggests that TAP-ITP improves self-assessed scores of knowledge and skills, as well as attitudes in interprofessional care post-program and sustained at one year.
Recurrent neural networks for polyphonic sound event detection in real life recordings

In this paper we present an approach to polyphonic sound event detection in real life recordings based on bi-directional long short term memory (BLSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A single multilabel BLSTM RNN is trained to map acoustic features of a mixture signal consisting of sounds from multiple classes, to binary activity indicators of each event class. Our method is tested on a large database of real-life recordings, with 61 classes (e.g. music, car, speech) from 10 different everyday contexts. The proposed method outperforms previous approaches by a large margin, and the results are further improved using data augmentation techniques. Overall, our system reports an average F1-score of 65.5% on 1 second blocks and 64.7% on single frames, a relative improvement over previous state-of-the-art approach of 6.8% and 15.1% respectively.
Infrared Energy Conversion in Plasmonic Fields at Two-Dimensional Semiconductors

Conversion of infrared energy within plasmonic fields at two-dimensional, semiconductive transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) through plasmonic hot electron transport and nonlinear frequency mixing has important implications in next-generation optoelectronics. Drude-Lorentz theory and approximate discrete dipole (DDA) solutions to Maxwell’s equations guided metal nanoantenna design towards strong infrared localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Excitation and damping dynamics of LSPR in heterostructures of noble metal nanoantennas and molybdenumor tungsten-disulfide (MoS2; WS2) monolayers were examined by parallel synthesis of (i) DDA electrodynamic simulations and (ii) near-field electron energy loss (EELS) and farfield optical transmission UV-vis spectroscopic measurements. Susceptibility to second-order nonlinear frequency conversion processes, χ, for monolayer MoS2 and WS2 were measured to be 660±130 pm V and 280±18 pm V, respectively, by Hyper Rayleigh Scattering. Femtosecond conversion of resonant irradiation to injection of plasmonic hot electrons into the TMD were measured in EELS at a maximum of 11±5% quantum efficiency for an optimized physicochemical Au-WS2 junction. Measured nonlinear second harmonic generation (SHG) from a ca. 1 μm MoS2 monolayer was enhanced 17-84% by local electric field augmentation from a single 150 nm Au nanoshell to a conversion efficiency of up to 0.023% W. Capacitive coupling between nanoshells arranged into dimers further augmented SHG activity from MoS2. New theoretical and experimental insights into energy conversion interactions between coupled plasmonic and excitonic materials spanning the linear and nonlinear optical regimes were established towards their implementation as an optoelectronic platform.
CD19 and BAFF‐R can signal to promote B‐cell survival in the absence of Syk

The development and function of B lymphocytes is regulated by numerous signaling pathways, some emanating from the B‐cell antigen receptor (BCR). The spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) plays a central role in the activation of the BCR, but less is known about its contribution to the survival and maintenance of mature B cells. We generated mice with an inducible and B‐cell‐specific deletion of the Syk gene and found that a considerable fraction of mature Syk‐negative B cells can survive in the periphery for an extended time. Syk‐negative B cells are defective in BCR, RP105 and CD38 signaling but still respond to an IL‐4, anti‐CD40, CpG or LPS stimulus. Our in vivo experiments show that Syk‐deficient B cells require BAFF receptor and CD19/PI3K signaling for their long‐term survival. These studies also shed a new light on the signals regulating the maintenance of the normal mature murine B‐cell pool.
Social benefits of urban green space

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the topic “urban green space” focusing on its social benefits and measure techniques in terms of monetary value and accessibility. It suggests potential research direction by using an integrated valuation and measurement framework, and concludes that urban green space valuation in the providers’ perspective as well as accessibility analysis in the consumers’ perspective are useful tools that provide significant measure techniques in urban green space planning.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a systematic approach to build up a conceptual framework that quantifies social benefits of green space from provider and consumer perspectives. The literature review indicates some limitations of existing techniques of valuation and accessibility analyses, which entails an integrated model of measurements.Findings – The paper explores social benefits of urban green space, which includes recreational opportunities, aesthetic enjoyments, adjusting psychologic.
Convertible Bonds with Call Notice Periods

In practice, convertible bonds can often be called only if notice is given to the holders. Most methods for valuing convertible bonds assume that the bond is continuously callable. In this paper, we develop an accurate PDE method for valuing convertible bonds with a finite notice period. Example computations are presented which illustrate the effect of varying notice periods. The results are compared with a recently published approximation method.
A Novel Exopolysaccharide with Metal Adsorption Capacity Produced by a Marine Bacterium Alteromonas sp. JL2810

Most marine bacteria can produce exopolysaccharides (EPS). However, very few structures of EPS produced by marine bacteria have been determined. The characterization of EPS structure is important for the elucidation of their biological functions and ecological roles. In this study, the structure of EPS produced by a marine bacterium, Alteromonas sp. JL2810, was characterized, and the biosorption of the EPS for heavy metals Cu2+, Ni2+, and Cr6+ was also investigated. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis indicated that the JL2810 EPS have a novel structure consisting of the repeating unit of [-3)-α-Rhap-(1→3)-α-Manp-(1→4)-α-3OAc-GalAp-(1→]. The biosorption of the EPS for heavy metals was affected by a medium pH; the maximum biosorption capacities for Cu2+ and Ni2+ were 140.8 ± 8.2 mg/g and 226.3 ± 3.3 mg/g at pH 5.0; however, for Cr6+ it was 215.2 ± 5.1 mg/g at pH 5.5. Infrared spectrometry analysis demonstrated that the groups of O-H, C=O, and C-O-C were the main function groups for the adsorption of JL2810 EPS with the heavy metals. The adsorption equilibrium of JL2810 EPS for Ni2+ was further analyzed, and the equilibrium data could be better represented by the Langmuir isotherm model. The novel EPS could be potentially used in industrial applications as a novel bio-resource for the removal of heavy metals.
Impact and Effectiveness of Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Against Severe Rotavirus Diarrhea in Ghana.

BACKGROUND Ghana was among the first African nations to introduce monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1) into its childhood immunization schedule in April 2012. We aimed to assess the impact of vaccine introduction on rotavirus and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations and to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE). METHODS Using data from 2 teaching hospitals, monthly AGE and rotavirus admissions by age were examined 40 months before and 31 months after RV1 introduction using interrupted time-series analyses. From January 2013, we enrolled children <2 years of age who were eligible for RV1 from a total of 7 sentinel sites across the country. To estimate VE, we fit unconditional logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios of vaccination by rotavirus case-patient status, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Vaccine coverage ranged from 95% to 100% for dose 1 and 93% to 100% for dose 2. In the first 3 years after vaccine introduction, the percentage of hospital admissions positive for rotavirus fell from 48% in the prevaccine period to 28% (49% adjusted rate reduction; 95% confidence interval [CI], 32%-63%) postvaccination among <5-year-olds. With high vaccine coverage, it was not possible to arrive at robust VE estimates; any-dose VE against rotavirus hospitalization was estimated at 60% (95% CI, -2% to 84%;P= .056). CONCLUSIONS Results from the first 3 years following RV1 introduction suggest substantial reductions of pediatric diarrheal disease as a result of vaccination. Our VE estimate is consistent with the observed rotavirus decrease and with efficacy estimates from elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa.
A Diffusion Filter Based Scheme to Denoise Seismic Attributes and Improve Predicted Porosity Volume

This paper proposes a diffusion filter based scheme to denoise seismic attributes and to improve the porosity volume, which is predicted from seismic attributes. We compare the performances of multiple diffusion [such as Perona–Malik diffusion filter, complex diffusion filter, improved complex adaptive diffusion filter (ICADF)] and nondiffusion (such as two-dimensional (2-D) median, 3-D median, smoothing, and bilateral filter) based filters in terms of four metrics such as root mean square error (RMSE), normalized RMSE, signal to noise ratio (SNR), and peak SNR (PSNR). In our earlier publication, we used an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict a lithological property (sand fraction) over a study area. We trained the ANN using an integrated dataset of low-resolution seismic attributes and a limited number of high-resolution well logs. In this paper, we generate the porosity volume from the seismic attributes using an ANN. The predicted porosity logs contain irregularities and artifacts due to the nonlinear mapping of the learning algorithm (e.g., ANN). We apply a set of filters to the output of the ANN to regularize the predicted porosity volume. The filtered porosity logs are compared with the generated log. The ICADF has been found to be most suitable for denoising the seismic data and the porosity volume. Generation of porosity maps from seismic inputs would be helpful to petroleum engineers for reservoir characterization.
Road course estimation in occupancy grids

This paper presents a novel approach for road course estimation on rural roads using a mulitlayer laser scanner. The measurements of the sensor are used to build an occupancy grid as a representation of a local map. This mapping step uses a new free space function and a novel method for detecting and eliminating moving objects. Based on this map a feature extraction algorithm yields road border feature points. A Levenberg-Marquardt based optimization fits a flexible two-part road course model to these feature points.
Quantitative resistance can lead to evolutionary changes in traits not targeted by the resistance QTLs

This paper addresses the general concern in plant pathology that the introduction of quantitative resistance in the landscape can lead to increased pathogenicity. Hereto, we study the hypothetical case of a quantitative trait loci (QTL) acting on pathogen spore production per unit lesion area. To regain its original fitness, the pathogen can break the QTL, restoring its spore production capacity leading to an increased spore production per lesion. Or alternatively, it can increase its lesion size, also leading to an increased spore production per lesion. A data analysis shows that spore production per lesion (affected by the resistance QTL) and lesion size (not targeted by the QTL) are positively correlated traits, suggesting that a change in magnitude of a trait not targeted by the QTL (lesion size) might indirectly affect the targeted trait (spore production per lesion). Secondly, we model the effect of pathogen adaptation towards increased lesion size and analyse its consequences for spore production per lesion. The model calculations show that when the pathogen is unable to overcome the resistance associated QTL, it may compensate for its reduced fitness by indirect selection for increased pathogenicity on both the resistant and susceptible cultivar, but whereby the QTLs remain effective.
Phylogeography of the Sponge Suberites diversicolor in Indonesia: Insights into the Evolution of Marine Lake Populations

The existence of multiple independently derived populations in landlocked marine lakes provides an opportunity for fundamental research into the role of isolation in population divergence and speciation in marine taxa. Marine lakes are landlocked water bodies that maintain a marine character through narrow submarine connections to the sea and could be regarded as the marine equivalents of terrestrial islands. The sponge Suberites diversicolor (Porifera: Demospongiae: Suberitidae) is typical of marine lake habitats in the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Four molecular markers (two mitochondrial and two nuclear) were employed to study genetic structure of populations within and between marine lakes in Indonesia and three coastal locations in Indonesia, Singapore and Australia. Within populations of S. diversicolor two strongly divergent lineages (A & B) (COI: p = 0.4% and ITS: p = 7.3%) were found, that may constitute cryptic species. Lineage A only occurred in Kakaban lake (East Kalimantan), while lineage B was present in all sampled populations. Within lineage B, we found low levels of genetic diversity in lakes, though there was spatial genetic population structuring. The Australian population is genetically differentiated from the Indonesian populations. Within Indonesia we did not record an East-West barrier, which has frequently been reported for other marine invertebrates. Kakaban lake is the largest and most isolated marine lake in Indonesia and contains the highest genetic diversity with genetic variants not observed elsewhere. Kakaban lake may be an area where multiple putative refugia populations have come into secondary contact, resulting in high levels of genetic diversity and a high number of endemic species.
The 2000 Fire Season: Lightning-Caused Fires

Abstract A large number of lightning-caused fires burned across the western United States during the summer of 2000. In a previous study, the authors determined that a simple index of low-level moisture (85-kPa dewpoint depression) and instability (85–50-kPa temperature difference) from the Spokane, Washington, upper-air soundings was very useful for indicating the likelihood of “dry” lightning (occurring without significant concurrent rainfall) in the Pacific Northwest. This same method was applied to the summer-2000 fire season in the Pacific Northwest and northern Rockies. The mean 85-kPa dewpoint depression at Spokane from 1 May through 20 September was 17.7°C on days when lightning-caused fires occurred and was 12.3°C on days with no lightning-caused fires. Likewise, the mean temperature difference between 85 and 50 kPa was 31.3°C on lightning-fire days, as compared with 28.9°C on non-lightning-fire days. The number of lightning-caused fires corresponded more closely to high instability and high dewp.
Thermoregulation and Vasopressin Secretion during Polymicrobial Sepsis

Objective: We investigated the time course of thermoregulation, nitric oxide (NO) formation and hydroelectrolytic alterations, as well as mean arterial pressure and arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion, in experimental sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Methods: Male Wistar rats submitted to CLP or a sham operation were divided into 4 groups, as follows: group 1, for survival rate evaluation for 24 h; group 2, for body temperature (Tb) analysis; group 3, for mean arterial pressure registration, and group 4, for blood collection and processing of the neurohypophysis and hypothalamic nuclei 0, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h after surgery. AVP levels and content were measured in plasma, neurohypophysis and the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Results: Animals which underwent CLP showed high mortality, a progressive decrease in mean arterial pressure and an increase in plasma NO. Tb dropped during the first 4 h and showed a progressive increase 6 h after surgery. Plasma AVP levels increased immediately after CLP surgery and again at 6 h, before returning to basal levels at 24 h. This was followed by a depletion of neurohypophyseal AVP content at 4 h that continued until 24 h. AVP content in the supraoptic nucleus was elevated 24 h after CLP surgery, while in the paraventricular nucleus, an increase was observed at 6 h and 24 h. Conclusions: In the present study, laparotomy and hypotension may have been responsible for the increase in plasma AVP in the initial phase of polymicrobial sepsis, and this may have contributed to the observed hypothermia. Moreover, an apparently impaired replenishment of AVP content in the neurohypophysis, possibly due to increased NO formation, may explain the impaired AVP secretion in the late phase of severe sepsis.
Motivational Consequences that Affect the Timeliness and Candidness of Resident Evaluations

Motivational factors that undermine the willingness of raters to be timely and candid in their evaluation of resi- dents has not been well studied. According to expectancy theory, this motivation stems from perceptions regarding the likelihood and desirability of various consequences associated with those actions.The aim of this initial investigation is to identify the range of positive andnegative consequences that might drive a rater's motivation toward - or away from - be- ing timely and candid when completing resident evaluations. Methods: This was an exploratory descriptive investigation using semi-structured interviews with nine physician faculty at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Faculty were asked to describe the potential consequences of being timely (or not) and being candid (or not) in their resident evaluations. The consequences described by respondents were analyzed using a thematic coding process. Results: A range of consequences were identified including personal-related (e.g., a sense of fulfilling one's role obliga- tions); resident-related (e.g., affecting self-confidence); and institution-related (e.g., chances of renewed accreditation). Conclusions: The range of potential consequences identified in this investigation shines a light on the motivational factors that should be considered with regards to rater timeliness and candidness and providesthe necessary information for the next step: the development of a tool for assessing raters' perceptions of the like lihood and desirability of each conse- quence in a specific rating context.