Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of Crim1 expression in the developing mouse urogenital tract reveals a sexually dimorphic gonadal expression pattern

The Crim1 gene encodes a putative transmembrane protein with an IGF‐binding protein motif and multiple chordin‐like cysteine‐rich repeats. In chordin, such repeats are responsible for its dorsalising activity and for binding to bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs). Crim1 displays a dynamic expression pattern in a variety of developing organs, including the CNS and the lens. We have undertaken a detailed expression pattern analysis of Crim1 in the developing mouse urogenital system. During metanephric development, Crim1 showed expression both in the ureteric tree, the early condensing mesenchyme and distal comma‐shaped bodies. As the nephron elongates, Crim1 becomes expressed in the proximal end of the S‐shaped bodies. Crim1 also displays a striking male‐specific expression pattern in the fetal gonads, its expression strongest in the Sertoli cells of the developing testis. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative Effects of Two Interval Shuttle-Run Training Modes on Physiological and Performance Adaptations in Female Professional Futsal Players

Abstract Teixeira, AS, Arins, FB, De Lucas, RD, Carminatti, LJ, Dittrich, N, Nakamura, FY, and Guglielmo, LGA. Comparative effects of two interval shuttle-run training modes on physiological and performance adaptations in female professional futsal players. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1416–1428, 2019—The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of 2 shuttle-run interval training (SRIT) models with 1 and 3 directional changes per running bout on the aerobic and anaerobic performances of elite female futsal players. Sixteen players competing in the Brazilian National Division League took part in the study. The training protocols consisted of shuttle-run intervals organized in 4 sets of 4-minute bouts with 3 minutes of rest intervals between the sets. The SRIT models were composed of 1 (7.5 seconds running and 7.5 seconds pause [SRIT7.5×7.5]; n = 7) or 3 (15 seconds running and 15 seconds pause [SRIT15×15]; n = 9) directional changes. The athletes performed the following tests before and after a 5-week training period: incremental treadmill test (ITT), futsal intermittent endurance test (FIET) (with respective peak speeds [PSs]), and a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test. After the training period, PSFIET and speed at the second lactate turnpoint were very likely and almost certainly increased in both training regimens, respectively. SRIT15×15 induced possibly greater improvements in PSITT (+3.28%, 90% CL −0.16 to 6.82) and RSAmean (+1.17%, 90% CL −0.68 to 3.05) than SRIT7.5×7.5. In addition, SRIT15×15 resulted in a likely greater improvement in running economy (+4.33%, 90% CL −0.35 to 9.23) compared with SRIT7.5×7.5. In elite female futsal players, SRIT15×15 is a promising strategy to enhance performance-related physical fitness attributes in a short-term period (5 weeks) during the preseason, Because of its superior effects on these important aerobic and anaerobic qualities than a protocol with fewer directional changes.
Agricultural Education Perceived Teacher Self-Efficacy: A Descriptive Study of Beginning Agricultural Education Teachers.

The purpose of this study was to describe beginning agriculture teachers’ perceived agricultural education teacher self–efficacy. Additionally, the researcher sought to describe the relationship among teachers’ demographic characteristics and their agricultural education teacher self–efficacy. An instrument specific to agricultural education was developed to answer the research questions. The instrument had three domains: Classroom, FFA, and SAE. The teachers in this study all had less than four years of teaching experience. Almost all of the teachers intended to remain in the profession of agricultural education. Teachers reported favorable perceptions of their student teaching experience and their first year of teaching. Teachers were the most efficacious in the classroom domain, and the least efficacious in the SAE domain. This finding indicates a need for additional professional development in the SAE domain. The teachers’ perceptions of their student–teaching experience and their first year of teaching were positively related to their teacher self–efficacy. Males had higher teacher self–efficacy than females. Individuals who were not involved in high school agricultural education or FFA had higher teacher self–efficacy in the classroom domain, but lower teacher self–efficacy in the SAE and FFA domain.
Cluster Policies in Europe: Firms, Institutions and Governance

Contents: Foreword by Phil Cooke 1. Cluster Policies in Europe: Governance and Learning 2. Methodology 3. Cluster Policy in Germany 4. Cluster Policy in the United Kingdom 5. Cluster Policy in Italy 6. Cluster Policy in Slovenia 7. Cluster Policy in the Czech Republic 8. Cluster Policy in Romania 9. Comparative Findings and Conclusions References Index
A novel methodology for power delivery network optimization in 3-D ICs using through-silicon-via technology

Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3-D IC) are available through the die-stacking and through-silicon-via (TSV) technologies. The 3-D IC using the TSV brings the performance improvement through the minimization of wire length and footprint area. However, the 3-D ICs have many challenges for power delivery network design due to larger supply currents and longer power delivery paths compared to 2-D ICs. The power delivery network in 3-D IC with flip chip package is largely composed of power/ground (P/G) bumps and P/G TSVs. Because the number of P/G bumps is limited and the size of P/G TSV is larger than that of standard cell, it is important to optimize the P/G bumps and P/G TSVs together while satisfying the IR-drop constraint. In this paper, we investigated an effect of the number of power bumps and power TSVs on the IR-drop in 3-D IC floorplan level and proposed the methodology that reduces the number of power bumps by 88.25% on average while the number of power TSVs and maximum IR-drop are comparable to the previous methodology.
Business angels in a changing economy: The case of Sweden

Abstract The Swedish business angel market of 2004 is presented and compared to that of 1992 in order to determine the significance of the time factor. The presentation is carried out against the background of the macroeconomic changes that have taken place and how they have affected the informal venture capital market. The empirical findings reveal how the amounts invested have changed, which companies the business angels have invested in and the ways in which the business angels' deal flow has changed since 1992. The results show that business angels in Sweden have become more professional in their way of identifying new investment opportunities and that the informal venture capital market is becoming more mature with less information asymmetry. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that Internet hype and changes in the Swedish taxation system have probably influenced the business angel market, making investors invest at earlier stages and in high-tech companies.
HeteroOS — OS design for heterogeneous memory management in datacenter

Heterogeneous memory management combined with server virtualization in datacenters is expected to increase the software and OS management complexity. State-of-the-art solutions rely exclusively on the hypervisor (VMM) for expensive page hotness tracking and migrations, limiting the benefits from heterogeneity. To address this, we design HeteroOS, a novel application-transparent OS-level solution for managing memory heterogeneity in virtualized system. The HeteroOS design first makes the guest-OSes heterogeneity-aware and then extracts rich OS-level information about applications' memory usage to place data in the ‘right’ memory avoiding page migrations. When such pro-active placements are not possible, HeteroOS combines the power of the guest-OSes' information about applications with the VMM's hardware control to track for hotness and migrate only performance-critical pages. Finally, HeteroOS also designs an efficient heterogeneous memory sharing across multiple guest-VMs. Evaluation of HeteroOS with memory, storage, and network-intensive datacenter applications shows up to 2x performance improvement compared to the state-of-the-art VMM-exclusive approach.
Incidence and risk factors for tuberculosis in HIV-positive subjects by HAART status.

OBJECTIVE To estimate incidence rates and risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalent subjects. METHODS Multicentre, hospital-based cohort study of patients presenting to 10 Spanish hospitals from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2003. Poisson regression was used and highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) was modelled as a time-dependent covariate. RESULTS A total of 4268 patients were followed for a median of 3.8 years; 221 TB cases were diagnosed over 16 464 person-years (py). TB rates were higher in HAART-naïve subjects (1.56 per 100 py, 95%CI 1.36-1.79) than those on HAART (0.5/100 py, 95%CI 0.31-0.80). Among HAART-naïves, TB risk factors were: being male, being an injecting drug user (IDU) (RR 2.01, 95%CI 1.28-3.16), having low CD4 counts (P < 0.001) and high viral loads (P < 0.001). HAART was protective (RR 0.26, 95%CI 0.16-0.40) and reductions in TB rates were observed in the last calendar period (RR 0.74, 95%CI 0.55-1.00). For patients on HAART, no differences were observed by category of transmission. Low CD4 counts at entry were associated with higher TB rates (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS HAART was associated with lower TB rates, and TB risk factors differed according to whether or not patients had received HAART. To further reduce TB rates, additional strategies are needed, such as timely access and adherence to HAART, especially in IDUs.
Social Capital and Market Imperfections: Accessing Formal Credit in Thailand

Social capital matters in the economy. This study shows how different forms of individual social capital affect access to formal credit in rural Thailand. Social capital is defined as interpersonal network (ties) resources. A data collection approach is used that originates in the field of sociology and is innovative in the context of development economics: the personal network survey. Four social capital variables are defined according to the tie strength and social distance between the respondent and his/her network members, resulting in four different social capital variables: (1) bonding (strong ties to persons of similar social standing); (2) bridging (weak ties to persons of similar social standing); (3) bondinglink (strong ties to persons of higher social standing); and (4) bridginglink (weak ties to persons of higher social standing). It has been found that bondinglink social capital reduces the chances of being credit access-constrained. Political patronage or nepotism as the driving force behind the result is ruled out. Nevertheless, some evidence for elite capture was found.
Migration, Medical Aid and Welfare

This paper constructs a simple rural-urban migration model that explicitly incorporates the interactions between the individual's migration decision, the risk of incurring an infectious disease and unemployment. We show that providing a subsidy for health investment in urban regions in the form of medical aid does not improve individual welfare. This is because it induces further urban migration, increases the risk of infection and unemployment, and offsets completely the positive cost-reduction effect.
Improving the support of the suddenly bereaved

Purpose of review It is recognized that death is inevitable but rarely are we prepared for the death of significant persons in our lives. Sudden death is by its nature unexpected and thus shocking for family members and friends of the decedent. Sudden deaths have customarily been divided into four categories based on the cause of death, including natural, accidental, suicidal, or homicidal (NASH) deaths. Supporting the suddenly bereaved can be stressful, for both novice and experienced professionals; this review provides information important to healthcare professionals (HCP) who are often in a position to support family members after a sudden death. Recent findings Evidence suggests that supportive actions for those suddenly bereaved include HCPs conveying empathy, answering questions about the cause of death, allowing family members an opportunity to say goodbye, and providing follow-up over time. Bereaved individuals appreciate ongoing connections with healthcare professionals after the death, and HCPs need to recognize that the bereaved are at increased risk of illness in the months after a sudden death. Summary Supporting those bereaved after a sudden unexpected death is not easy, even for experienced professionals. This review identifies supportive strategies to use with individuals and family members who are suddenly bereaved. The suggestions in this review can be used in emergency departments and other settings involved with death notifications. Also provided is information that HCPs can use to support bereaved family members.
Exploring how images are represented in human brain activity

This bachelor thesis explores how images are represented in human brain activity. Data used in this thesis were collected in the University Hospital of Lyon with experiments where human neural activity was recorded with intracranial electrodes during a simple visual task. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the data, more specifically the activity in the high-gamma frequency range, with unsupervised machine learning methods to find structure in it. In particular, similarity of neural responses (recorded by electrodes) to images and the differences in activity according to image categories. Visualization and biclustering were used in this thesis. Out of the two analysis methods used, visualization was more successful. Among image categories used, images of faces stood out the best. The houses and scrambled images clustered to some extent as well. Visualizing electrodes resulted in pronounced clusters emerging, which were heterogeneous in their nature. Biclustering gave no noteworthy results.
What a quantile approach can tell us about returns to education in Europe

This paper seeks to analyse the relationship between wages and education at a European level, using a quantile regression in order to be able to extend the study along the whole wage distribution. This analysis is carried out for a sample of 14 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom), using the European Community Household Panel data‐set. The paper aims to investigate whether the relationship between wages and education at European level is homogeneous and stable through time by running regressions for average and current (log)wages. Policy implications are derived.
Entry-deterring debt

RECENT STUDIES, including Kaplan (1988) and Jarrell, Brickley, and Netter (1988), have provided striking evidence that leveraged buyouts and corporate takeovers result in increased profitability. In this paper we demonstrate that leverage itself can improve the competitive position of firms at the expense of consumers and business rivals, and that leveraged aggressiveness, rather than increased efficiency, may be responsible for the increased profitability of buyouts. It is now well accepted that an incumbent can deter a rival's entry only through credible threats, that is, actions which maximize the incumbent's profits once entry has occurred. Only by changing its payoffs in a way which effectively commits it to being an aggressive rival can an incumbent deter otherwise profitable entry. Brander and Lewis (1986) showed that in an oligopoly increased debt is procompetitive, in the sense that debt makes firms more aggressive, when the firms enjoy limited liability. 1 In this paper it is shown that increased debt can serve the anticompetitive purpose of deterring entry. This is an example of the general principle that a device that commits the firm to act procompetitively (that is, more aggressively) toward its rivals can be used anti-
Investment Behavior and the Biased Perception of Limited Loss Deduction in Income Taxation

We use a laboratory experiment to study the extent to which investors’ choices are affected by limited loss deduction in income taxation. We first compare investment behavior in the no tax baseline to a tax control setting, in which the income from investments is taxed. We find that investors significantly reduce their risk-taking as predicted by theory. Next we compare the baseline investment choices to choices under three different types of income taxation. We observe that risk-taking is significantly increased with partial and with capped loss deduction, but is unaffected by a tax system that allows no loss deduction. Since in all these treatments the after tax outcomes of the prospects were identical, we conjecture that investors have a positively biased perception of partial and capped loss deduction that promotes their willingness to take risks.
Accelerated lambing using exogenous progesterone and the ram effect.

An experiment was conducted to determine whether controlled internal drug release devices-type G (CIDR-G) could be used in conjunction with the ram effect to advance the breeding season and lambing and thereafter could be reapplied to stimulate breeding of ewes to produce a second lambing in late summer. Finn crossbred and Columbia ewes were treated with CIDR-G from July 6 to 18. Rams, which had been isolated from ewes, were joined with the flock upon CIDR-G removal. All 59 CIDR-G-treated ewes exhibited estrus, and 55 lambed from breeding within a 30-d period after CIDR-G withdrawal. Eighteen of 19 contemporary control ewes (no CIDR-G) were bred, and 16 lambed. Ewes that had lambed from the CIDR-G and control groups were retreated as before, with CIDR_G inserted March 1 and withdrawn March 13, concomitant with sudden exposure to rams. Of 55 CIDR-G-treated sheep, 53 were bred and 45 lambed. All 16 control ewes were bred and lambed. A second experiment was conducted to determine whether treatment with CIDR-G and the ram effect was effective in mid-spring. The CIDR-G were applied for 12 d and removed on May 1 or 6 from Finn crossbred, Columbia, and Polypay ewes. Rams were introduced upon CIDR-G withdrawal. Of 59 CIDR-G-treated ewes, 58 exhibited estrus and 45 lambed. Twenty-three of 30 contemporary control ewes were bred, and 20 lambed. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Analyzing Comovements in Housing Prices Using Vine Copulas

type="main" xml:id="ecin12156-abs-0001"> Prior to the housing crisis, the Gaussian copula provided the basis for estimates of the degree of diversification of structured mortgage-based securities. The Gaussian copula's popularity stemmed not only from its link to the familiar normal distribution, but also from the fact that, unlike other copula-based models, it readily extends to higher dimensions. But the Gaussian copula has asymptotic independence, such that events, regardless of the strength of their correlation, become independent if one pushes far enough into the tails. Instead, this article forms multivariate models of housing price comovements using vine copulas. These more flexible models not only fit the data better, but they also uncover far stronger correlations between housing price movements, especially during extreme market swings . ( JEL G21, C32, C51)
The Ethics of Tax Evasion: Case Studies of Taiwan

The ethics of tax evasion has been discussed sporadically in the theological and philosophical literature for at least 500 years. Martin Crowe wrote a doctoral thesis that reviewed much of that literature in 1944. The debate revolved around about 15 issues. Over the centuries, three main views evolved on the topic. But the business ethics literature has paid scant attention to this issue, perhaps because of the belief that tax evasion is always unethical. This paper reports the results of a survey of Taiwan university students. The arguments that have been made over the centuries to justify tax evasion were ranked to determine which arguments are strongest and which are weakest. Male scores were compared to female scores to determine whether the responses differed by gender. Data from a study of human beliefs and values were then examined to determine what effect certain demographics such as gender, age, education, religion and marital status had on the views of Taiwanese on the ethics of tax evasion.
Qualitative research in finance – pedigree and renaissance

Purpose - This paper sets out the reasons for putting together a special issue of the Design/methodology/approach - The approach adopted in this paper involves discussing the use of qualitative research in finance in previous years, focussing in particular on the pedigree of such analyses and describing the renaissance experienced by this type of work in recent years. The four empirical articles contained in the issue are then set in the context of this overview. Findings - The paper makes clear the need for more research of a qualitative nature in finance, and illustrates that the recent renaissance in such work reflects the pedigree of the approach the ability of the methodology to generate novel and important empirical insights. Originality/value - The paper explains the role of qualitative finance work in complementing – rather than replacing – conventional quantitative research and highlights some of the key areas and ways in which such analyses are likely to prove fruitful.
Distinct spatio‐temporal expression of ABCA and ABCG transporters in the developing and adult mouse brain

Using in situ hybridization for the mouse brain, we analyzed developmental changes in gene expression for the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter subfamilies ABCA1–4 and 7, and ABCG1, 2, 4, 5 and 8. In the embryonic brains, ABCA1 and A7 were highly expressed in the ventricular (or germinal) zone, whereas ABCA2, A3 and G4 were enriched in the mantle (or differentiating) zone. At the postnatal stages, ABCA1 was detected in both the gray and white matter and in the choroid plexus. On the other hand, ABCA2, A3 and A7 were distributed in the gray matter. In addition, marked up‐regulation of ABCA2 occurred in the white matter at 14 days‐of‐age when various myelin protein genes are known to be up‐regulated. In marked contrast, ABCA4 was selective to the choroid plexus throughout development. ABCG1 was expressed in both the gray and white matters, whereas ABCG4 was confined to the gray matter. ABCG2 was diffusely and weakly detected throughout the brain at all stages examined. Immunohistochemistry of ABCG2 showed its preferential expression on the luminal membrane of brain capillaries. Expression signals for ABCG5 and G8 were barely detected at any stages. The distinct spatio‐temporal expressions of individual ABCA and G transporters may reflect their distinct cellular expressions in the developing and adult brains, presumably, to regulate and maintain lipid homeostasis in the brain.
Rotation of Auditing Firms and Political Costs: Evidence from Spanish Listed Companies

This study analyses a potential factor behind a change in auditor – that is, the minimization of political costs – given that the most important companies are more closely scrutinized and will attempt to prevent political costs resulting from unfavourable changes in the regulation of auditing activities. For that purpose, we analyse 82 Spanish non-financial companies during the period from 1996 to 2009. The results obtained emphasize that the rotation of auditing firms takes place mainly when new regulations modifying or abolishing the current norms for auditing are discussed and enacted. These findings suggest that the real objective of these firms is to send out signals of good conduct to the public administration in order to avoid stricter regulation.