Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurobiological Evidence for the Primacy of Mania Hypothesis

Background: Athanasios Koukopoulos proposed the primacy of mania hypothesis (PoM) in a 2006 book chapter and later, in two peer-reviewed papers with Nassir Ghaemi and other collaborators. This hypothesis supports that in bipolar disorder, mania leads to depression, while depression does not lead to mania. Objective: To identify evidence in literature that supports or falsifies this hypothesis. Method: We searched the medical literature (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library) for peer-reviewed papers on the primacy of mania, the default mode function of the brain in normal people and in bipolar disorder patients, and on illusion superiority until 6 June, 2016. Papers resulting from searches were considered for appropriateness to our objective. We adopted the PRISMA method for our review. The search for consistency with PoM was filtered through the neurobiological results of superiority illusion studies. Results: Out of a grand total of 139 records, 59 were included in our analysis. Of these, 36 were of uncertain value as to the primacy of mania hypothesis, 22 favoured it, and 1 was contrary, but the latter pooled patients in their manic and depressive phases, so to invalidate possible conclusions about its consistency with regard to PoM. All considered studies were not focused on PoM or superiority illusion, hence most of their results were, as expected, unrelated to the circuitry involved in superiority illusion. A considerable amount of evidence is consistent with the hypothesis, although indirectly so. Limitations. Only few studies compared manic with depressive phases, with the majority including patients in euthymia. Conclusion: It is possible that humans have a natural tendency for elation/optimism and positive self-consideration, that are more akin to mania; the depressive state could be a consequence of frustrated or unsustainable mania. This would be consistent with PoM.
Cutting Edge: CD8+ T Cell Clones Possess the Potential to Differentiate into both High- and Low-Avidity Effector Cells1

The property of functional avidity is recognized to be of critical importance in determining pathogen clearance. An unresolved question with regard to this property is whether distinct naive subsets exist that display inherent differences in their peptide sensitivity requirements for activation, i.e., functional avidity, or whether differences in peptide sensitivity are induced following peptide encounter. In this study, we demonstrate that naive populations that can give rise to both high- and low-avidity cells do not contain subsets that exhibit differences in the amount of peptide required for activation. Furthermore, we show that an individual T cell clone can generate both high- and low-avidity effectors. The work presented here provides the first formal demonstration that an individual cell can give rise to both high- and low-avidity progeny, suggesting that avidity modulation at the level of an individual cell may play an important role in the CD8+ T cell response generated in vivo.
The Novel Crohn's Disease Marker Anti-GP2 Antibody Is Associated with Ileocolonic Location of Disease

Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect the whole gastrointestinal tract. The ileocolonic variant of CD, an inflammation of both the ileum and the large intestine, accounts for up to 50% of the cases with CD, whereas Crohn's ileitis affecting the ileum is diagnosed in about 30%. Crohn's colitis, which is confined to the large intestine and accounts for the remaining 20%, is difficult to distinguish from the large bowel inflammation seen in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The pathogenesis of CD is not yet completely understood. Autoimmunity is one factor that can partake in the triggering or modulation of inflammatory processes in IBD. The major zymogen-granule membrane glycoprotein 2 (GP2) has been recently identified as a major autoantigenic target in CD. Interestingly, GP2 is mainly expressed in the pancreas and has also been demonstrated to be a membrane-anchored receptor of microfold cells in the follicle-associated epithelium. Remarkably, GP2 is overexpressed at the site of CD inflammation in contrast to the one in UC. By utilizing novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of GP2-specific IgA and IgG, the loss of tolerance to GP2 has been associated with a specific clinical phenotype in CD, in particular with the ileocolonic location of the disease.
Monsoon Climate Change Projection for the Orographic West Coast of India Using High‐Resolution Nested Dynamical Downscaling Model

An efficient, reliable very high resolution dynamical downscaling model, a regional climate model (Weather Research and Forecasting‐Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting) one‐way nested into skillful general circulation model (National Center for Atmospheric Research‐Community Climate System Model version 4), is configured and implemented for ecologically sensitive, densely populated west coast of India encompassing Western Ghats (WG) having complex, meridionally oriented orography and wide biodiversity. This model with 3 km resolution resolves orographic features enabling realistic simulation of physical and dynamical characteristics of present‐day Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and extreme events, particularly recent trends in ISM rainfall over WG as observed. Marked skill of this model provides confidence in its future climate projection at regional scale. Future ISM rainfall projection shows significant increase (reduction) over 50.7% (5.8%) of Indian grid points. Significant reduction (10–20% of mean) over WG is due to upper‐tropospheric warming effect that stabilizes the atmosphere. Projected changes in extreme events show overall increase in warm days and warm nights over India with maximum increase over South India. Projected changes show widespread increase in wet days over most of India and reduction over WG. Projection of consecutive dry days implies wetter future for most parts of India but strengthened drought conditions for WG. Wind extreme projection shows strengthened (weakened) low (high) winds probability over WG and increase (decrease) in very high (low) winds over central India. This study establishes the importance of (i) employing sufficiently high‐resolution model, (ii) using bias‐corrected boundary data, and (iii) configuring model for realistic present‐day climate over complex topographic coastlines such as the west coast, in order to obtain useful climate change information for adaptation measures.
A General Feature Space for Automatic Verb Classification

Abstract Lexical semantic classes of verbs play an important role in structuring complex predicate information in a lexicon, thereby avoiding redundancy and enabling generalizations across semantically similar verbs with respect to their usage. Such classes, however, require many person-years of expert effort to create manually, and methods are needed for automatically assigning verbs to appropriate classes. In this work, we develop and evaluate a feature space to support the automatic assignment of verbs into a well-known lexical semantic classification that is frequently used in natural language processing. The feature space is general – applicable to any class distinctions within the target classification; broad – tapping into a variety of semantic features of the classes; and inexpensive – requiring no more than a POS tagger and chunker. We perform experiments using support vector machines (SVMs) with the proposed feature space, demonstrating a reduction in error rate ranging from 48% to 88% over a chance baseline accuracy, across classification tasks of varying difficulty. In particular, we attain performance comparable to or better than that of feature sets manually selected for the particular tasks. Our results show that the approach is generally applicable, and reduces the need for resource-intensive linguistic analysis for each new classification task. We also perform a wide range of experiments to determine the most informative features in the feature space, finding that simple, easily extractable features suffice for good verb classification performance.
CDA: concealed data aggregation for reverse multicast traffic in wireless sensor networks

End-to-end encryption for wireless sensor networks is a challenging problem. To save the overall energy resources of the network, it is agreed that sensed data need to be consolidated and aggregated on their way to the final destination. We present an approach that (1) conceals sensed data end-to-end, by (2) still providing efficient in-network data aggregation. The aggregating intermediate nodes are not required to operate on the sensed plaintext data. We apply a particular class of encryption transformation and exemplarily discuss the approach on the basis of two aggregation functions. We use actual implementation to show that the approach is feasible and flexible and frequently even more energy efficient than hop-by-hop encryption.
Fruit, Vegetable, and Animal Food Intake and Breast Cancer Risk by Hormone Receptor Status

The effects of diet on breast cancer are controversial and whether the effects vary with hormone receptor status has not been well investigated. This study evaluated the associations of dietary factors with risk for breast cancer overall and by the hormone receptor status of tumors among Chinese women. The Shanghai Breast Cancer Study, a large, population-based, case-control study, enrolled 3,443 cases and 3,474 controls in 1996–1998 (phase I) and 2002–2005 (phase II); 2676 cases had estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) data. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated, quantitative, food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were derived from multivariate, polychotomous, unconditional logistic regression models. Total vegetable intake was inversely related to breast cancer risk, with an adjusted OR for the highest quintile of 0.80 (95% CI = 0.67–0.95; P trend = 0.02). Reduced risk was also related to high intake of allium vegetables (P trend = 0.01) and fresh legumes (P trend = 0.0008). High intake of citrus fruits and rosaceae fruits were inversely associated with breast cancer risk (P trend = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively), although no consistent association was seen for total fruit intake. Elevated risk was observed for all types of meat and fish intake (all P trend < 0.05), whereas intakes of eggs and milk were associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (both P trend <0.05). There was little evidence that associations with dietary intakes varied across the 4 tumor subtypes or between ER+/PR+ and ER-/PR- tumors (P for heterogeneity >0.05). Our results suggest that high intake of total vegetables, certain fruits, milk, and eggs may reduce the risk of breast cancer, whereas high consumption of animal-source foods may increase risk. The dietary associations did not appear to vary by ER/PR status.
Conditional limit theorems under Markov conditioning

Let X_{1},X_{2},\cdots be independent identically distributed random variables taking values in a finite set X and consider the conditional joint distribution of the first m elements of the sample X_{1},\cdots , X_{n} on the condition that X_{1}=x_{1} and the sliding block sample average of a function h(\cdot , \cdot) defined on X^{2} exceeds a threshold \alpha > Eh(X_{1}, X_{2}) . For m fixed and n \rightarrow \infty , this conditional joint distribution is shown to converge m the m -step joint distribution of a Markov chain started in x_{1} which is closest to X_{l}, X_{2}, \cdots in Kullback-Leibler information divergence among all Markov chains whose two-dimensional stationary distribution P(\cdot , \cdot) satisfies \sum P(x, y)h(x, y)\geq \alpha , provided some distribution P on X_{2} having equal marginals does satisfy this constraint with strict inequality. Similar conditional limit theorems are obtained when X_{1}, X_{2},\cdots is an arbitrary finite-order Markov chain and more general conditioning is allowed.
Life Participation for Parents: a tool for family-centered occupational therapy.

OBJECTIVE This study describes the continued development of the Life Participation for Parents (LPP), a measurement tool to facilitate family-centered pediatric practice. METHOD LPP questionnaires were completed by 162 parents of children with special needs receiving intervention at 15 pediatric private practice clinics. Results were analyzed to establish instrument reliability and validity. RESULTS Good internal consistency (α = .90) and test-retest reliability (r = .89) were established. Construct validity was examined through assessment of internal structure and comparison of the instrument to related variables. A principal components analysis resulted in a two-factor model accounting for 43.81% of the variance. As hypothesized, the LPP correlated only moderately with the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (r = .54). The variables of child's diagnoses, age, and time in therapy did not predict parental responses. CONCLUSION The LPP is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring satisfaction with parental participation in life occupations.
Cauda equina repair in the rat: Part 3. Axonal regeneration across Schwann cell—Seeded collagen foam

Introduction: Treatments for patients with cauda equina injury are limited. Methods: In this study, we first used retrograde labeling to determine the relative contributions of cauda equina motor neurons to intrinsic and extrinsic rat tail muscles. Next, we transected cauda equina ventral roots and proceeded to bridge the proximal and distal stumps with either a type I collagen scaffold coated in laminin (CL) or a collagen–laminin scaffold that was also seeded with Schwann cells (CLSC). Regeneration was assessed by way of serial retrograde labeling. Results: After accounting for the axonal contributions to intrinsic vs. extrinsic tail muscles, we noted a higher degree of double labeling in the CLSC group (58.0 ± 39.6%) as compared with the CL group (27.8 ± 16.0%; P = 0.02), but not the control group (33.5 ± 18.2%; P = 0.10). Discussion: Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using CLSCs in cauda equina injury repair. Muscle Nerve 57: E78–E84, 2018
Defining the Optimal Cardiac Troponin T Threshold for Predicting Death Caused by Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background—There is controversy about the diagnostic and prognostic significance of percutaneous coronary intervention–related myocardial infarction, especially with the use of cardiac troponin T (cTnT). This analysis was designed to address the question of the presence and the level of a prognostic cTnT threshold. Methods and Results—We evaluated 5268 consecutive patients who underwent nonemergent percutaneous coronary intervention between 2000 and 2009 with a preprocedural cTnT level below the upper limit of normal (ULN, ⩽0.01 ng/mL). Postprocedural cTnT and creatine kinase-MB mass levels (ULN, 6.7 ng/mL in men and 3.8 ng/mL in women) were found to be associated with 3-month mortality in Cox proportional hazard models (hazard ratio per doubling of cTnT, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.43; P=0.003 and hazard ratio per doubling of creatine kinase-MB, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.60; P=0.018), adjusted for the Mayo Clinic risk scores for in-hospital and postdischarge mortality. The optimal prognostic threshold for 3-month mortality was 25× ULN for cTnT (hazard ratio, 4.53; 99% confidence interval, 1.59–12.9; P<0.001), which provided similar information as a value of 5× ULN for creatine kinase-MB (hazard ratio, 4.31; 99% confidence interval, 1.27–14.6; P=0.002). The cumulative mortality rate was 0.6% at 91 days. Conclusions—A significant association of postpercutaneous coronary intervention cardiac biomarker elevation with a small number of postpercutaneous coronary intervention outcomes was noted for the early (first 91 days) follow-up period with an identifiable optimal threshold of 25× ULN (0.25, ng/mL) for cTnT, which provided similar early outcome information as a cutoff of 5× ULN for creatine kinase-MB.
Omics‐based profiling of carcinoma of the breast and matched regional lymph node metastasis

Axillary lymph node (ALN) status is currently used as an important clinical indicator of breast cancer prognosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lymph node metastasis are poorly understood and the relationship between ALN metastasis and the primary tumor remains unclear. In an effort to reveal structural changes in the genome and related protein responses that may drive regional metastatic progression we have analyzed matched pairs of primary breast tumors and ALN metastases both at the genomic and proteomic levels using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array, quantitative high‐resolution 2‐D PAGE in combination with MS, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Array CGH revealed a remarkable similarity in genomic aberration profiles between the matched primary tumors and the ALN metastases. Quantitative profiling of 135 known proteins also revealed striking similarities in their overall expression patterns, although we observed distinct changes in the levels of individual proteins in some sample pairs. The remarkable similarities of the overall genomic and proteomic profiles between primary tumors and matched ALN metastases are taken to suggest that, in general, key biological characteristics of the primary breast tumor are maintained in the corresponding lymph node metastases. Given that the omics‐based technologies are oblivious to changes that only occur in minor cellular subsets we validated the proteomic data using IHC, which provides protein expression information with a valuable topological component. Besides confirming the omics‐derived data, the IHC analysis revealed that in two cases the ALN metastases may have been derived from a distinct minor cell subpopulation present in the primary tumor rather than from the bulk of it.
Smart-card based electronic commerce: characteristics and roles

Based largely on its potential as an electronic cash substitute for low-value transactions, the market for smart-cards has been predicted to be US$9 billion by the year 2000. The numerous international pilot implementations of smart-card systems appear to support this prediction. Compared with the number of pilots, however, there has been remarkably few full scale roll-outs of a broad-based product. Four diverse smart-card pilot implementations in Australia were investigated and analyzed to better understand the nature of smart-card systems. The objective was to propose a basis for further research into the costs and the benefits and thus the drivers and inhibitors of specific smart-card implementations. The mini cases indicate that the costs and benefits of smartcard implementation may be dependent on the specific characteristics of the system and on the specific roles adopted by the major players. A structure of system characteristics/features and roles/functions which can be utilized for further research into the drivers and inhibitors of smart-card implementation is proposed. A range of other research issues is also identified.
Robust Utilization of Wind Turbine Flexibility for Grid Stabilization

Abstract This work considers the use of wind turbines for stabilizing an electrical grid, by employing temporary overproduction with respect to available power. We present a simple model describing a turbine, and show how the possible period of overproduction, can be maximized through a series of convex problems, where the load is distributed among several turbines in a farm. We then present an optimization scheme that guarantees a lower limit for the overproduction period and subsequently propose an adaptive implementation that is robust against parameter uncertainties.
A Long-Term Study on Hearing Status in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma after Radiotherapy

Objective: To study the long-term sensorineural hearing status after radiotherapy in patients suffering from nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Study Design: A prospective study of 220 patients (395 ears) with a median follow-up of 36 months. Setting: A university hospital. Patients: Four criteria were needed. The patient had to have had at least 12 months of audiologic follow-up, no concurrent chronic ear disease, no direct tumor invasion of ear, and no significant sensorineural hearing loss before radiotherapy. Intervention: Pure-tone audiography and impedance audiometry—which were performed before and at the third month after completion of radiotherapy and at a yearly interval thereafter—formed the basis of the study. Main Outcome Measures: The significance level in this study was defined as a bone conduction threshold increase of more than 10 dB between the initial audiogram and those obtained after the completion of radiotherapy. An increase of more than 30 dB was defined as severe loss. Results: Paired t test indicated that the mean bone conduction threshold before and after radiotherapy were significantly different (paired t test, p < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that patient age was related to the significant loss at speech frequency but not to the loss at 4 kHz. The presence of postradiation otitis media with effusion, preirradiation hearing status, and addition of chemotherapy were found to be not influential on hearing change. Conclusion: Hearing deterioration may begin as early as 3 months after the completion of radiotherapy. Early change may be transient, but the effect of radiation on hearing tended to be chronic and progressive.
U‐Pb Dating and Lu‐Hf Isotopes of Detrital Zircons From the Southern Sikhote‐Alin Orogenic Belt, Russian Far East: Tectonic Implications for the Early Cretaceous Evolution of the Northwest Pacific Margin

The Sikhote‐Alin orogenic belt in Russian Far East is comprised of several N‐S trending belts, including the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous accretionary prisms and turbidite basin which are now separated by thrusts and strike‐slip faults. The origin and collage of the belts have been studied for decades. However, the provenance of the belts remains unclear. Six sandstone samples were collected along a 200 km long east‐west traverse across the major belts in the southern Sikhote‐Alin for U‐Pb dating and Lu‐Hf isotope analysis to constrain the provenance and evaluate the evolution of the northwest Pacific margin at this time. The result reveals that the sediments from the main Samarka belt was mainly from the adjacent Bureya‐Jiamusi‐Khanka Block (BJKB); the eastern Samarka belt and the Zhuravlevka turbidite basin were supplied by detritus from both the North China Craton (NCC) and the BJKB; the Taukha belt was mainly fed by sediments from the NCC; whereas the data from the Sergeevka nappes are insufficient to resolve their provenance. In the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, collision and subduction was important in the initial collage of most belts in Sikhote‐Alin. However, merely E‐W trending collage cannot explain the increasing importance of the NCC provenance from west to east. It is proposed that the main Samarka belt was located adjacent to the BJKB when deposited, whereas the other belts were farther south to accept the materials from the NCC. Sinistral strike‐slip faulting transported the eastern belts northward after their initial collage by thrusting.