Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Normative expectations in systems innovation

Abstract This paper is concerned with the way technological expectations are generated, articulated and deployed in processes of large-scale socio-technical change. We argue that expectations are intrinsic to all social action, so that visions of the future are both ubiquitous and context-specific. Agents will act in relation to private visions of the future that are complexly related to shared or collective visions. Characteristic features and forms of visions as they relate to socio-technical regimes are identified, and the specific roles visions play in the context of actor networks engaged in processes of systems innovation are discussed. Visions are seen as ‘bids’ that are deployed by actors in processes of coalition-formation and coordination. Examples from a range of visions of more sustainable systems are used to illustrate the main arguments. The paper ends by discussing the normative features of socio-technical expectations.
Changes in articulation accompanying functional changes in word usage

Two words in present-day Hungarian, the conjunction tehát ‘that is’ and ‘consequently’ and the pronoun ilyen ‘like this’ seem to be undergoing a functional change, acquiring the function of fillers, while retaining their former lexical function, too. Twenty narratives were drawn from the Hungarian Spontaneous Speech Corpus (BEA), to analyze the acoustic-phonetic patterns of these words. Both words showed significant differences in duration depending on function. The first and second formant values of the conjunction tehát showed significant differences depending on whether it was used as a filler or in its original function as a conjunction. The formants of the stressed vowel in the pronoun ilyen did not show any differences with either males or females, but the second formant of the unstressed vowel, depending on function, showed significant variations with male subjects. Apparently, females make an unconscious distinction between the two functions only by varying the time structure of the word. Our data confirmed that these words are indeed undergoing a functional change, which is manifested in changes of their temporal patterns and, to some extent, in the articulation of their vowels.
Topological Mapping from Image Sequences

An autonomous agent should be able to traverse a new environment and construct a topological representation of what it has seen. We present two new semi-supervised learning techniques which allow us to segment extended sensor (image) sequences into a topological map by clustering on low-dimensional manifolds in sensor space. The general approach is based on outlier detection in manifold space, closely related to spectral clustering. The first technique fixes the s parameter of the affinity matrix, the second allows each cluster to optimize for a different s. In both cases manifold clusters can be associated with the user’s conceptual map by labelling one image per cluster. We demonstrate these techniques for indoor and outdoor sequences.
Transformational and transactional leaderships, empowerment climate, and innovation performance: A multilevel analysis in the Chinese context

Innovation through creativity is an important factor in the success and competitive advantage of organizations. Theory and research suggest that both leadership and organizational climate have important consequences for individual creativity. However, researchers have rarely considered the interactive effects of leadership and organizational climate. This study taking a “Substitute for Leadership” perspective, develops and tests the idea that empowerment climate affect the relationship between leadership and followers' creative performance. Data were collected from 93 teams, including 465 team members and 93 team supervisors, in a large multinational company based in China. Hierarchical linear modelling was used to examine the hypothesized cross-level model. As expected, transformational leadership and team empowerment climate were positively related to subordinates' creative performance and transactional leadership was negatively related to subordinates' creative performance. In addition, the relationship between leadership and subordinates' creative performance was moderated by team empowerment climate. The study resulted in the implication of several major variables for explaining individual creativity in the Chinese context.
The Stellar Halo and Outer Disk of M33

We present first results from a Keck DEIMOS spectroscopic survey of red giant branch (RGB) stars in M33. The radial velocity distributions of the stars in our fields are well described by three Gaussian components, corresponding to a candidate halo component with an uncorrected radial velocity dispersion of σ ≃ 50 km s-1, a candidate disk component with a dispersion σ ≃ 16 km s-1, and a third component offset from the disk by ~50 km s-1, but for which the dispersion is not well constrained. By comparing our data to a model of M33 based on its H I rotation curve, we find that the stellar disk is offset in velocity by ~25 km s-1 from the H I disk, consistent with the warping that exists between these components. The spectroscopic metallicity of the halo component is [Fe/H] ≃ -1.5, significantly more metal-poor than the implied metallicity of the disk population ([Fe/H] ≃ -0.9), which also has a broader color dispersion than the halo population. These data represent the first detections of individual stars in the halo of M33 and, despite being ~10 times less massive than M31 or the Milky Way, all three of these disk galaxies have stellar halo components with a similar metallicity. The color distribution of the third component is different from the disk and the halo but is similar to that expected for a single, coeval, stellar population, and could represent a stellar stream. More observations are required to determine the true nature of this intriguing third kinematic component in M33.
Informality, global production networks and the dynamics of ‘adverse incorporation’

The neglect of questions of informality in the study of global production networks (GPNs) is curious given the scale and reach of informality in the contemporary global economy. In this article I advocate a tighter integration of informality into the questions and approaches we deploy in the study of GPNs, not simply as an empirical area of enquiry but also in theorizing, first, how GPNs work and, second, with what social consequences. Drawing on ‘structuralist’ insights into the relationship between informality and formality in capitalist economies, I argue for a recognition of the ways in which these are structurally blended with one another to the extent that their dichotomization is empirically and theoretically misconceived. I go on to explore the ways in which informality is created and exploited within GPNs in a ‘top–down’ manner – that is, by capital, firms, employers and states – and the ‘bottom–up’ dynamics of informality, which frequently are constitutive of ‘adverse incorporation’ in GPNs for large numbers of workers, generating and perpetuating forms of poverty, marginalization and vulnerability.
Promoting environmentally sustainable attitudes and behaviour through free‐choice learning experiences: what is the state of the game?

Environmental education, both in and outside of the classroom, aims to facilitate adoption of sustainable practice by both school students and the general public. This paper explores the role of free‐choice learning experiences in this regard. An overview of theoretical approaches underpinning free‐choice learning research is provided, examples are presented of the ways in which informal educational settings can promote environmentally sustainable attitudes and behaviour, and the factors contributing to the effectiveness of these endeavours are discussed. By reviewing research evidence in relation to these issues, the paper identifies the current ‘state of the game’ and areas where new research is needed.
Translating From English to Spanish

In 2002, the National Center for Health Statistics conducted Cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), surveying a nationally representative sample of 12,500 women and men from 15 to 44 years of age, including more than 2,700 Hispanics. The process for developing the Spanish version of the NSFG included modified committee translation, review of the instrument for cultural difficulties and misunderstandings, cognitive interviewing, and extensive pretesting. Interviewer debriefing provided additional information about the Spanish instrument. Challenges to developing an easily understood instrument included the language level of the survey, language misunderstandings, and cultural issues. To improve surveys of this type, sufficient time should be allowed for translation and qualitative testing. Debriefing of interviewers is a valuable source of data on instrument issues.
‘Unwelcome Sisters?’ An Analysis of Findings from a Study of How Muslim Women (and Muslim Men) Experience University

Integrating students into an academic community has long been established as an important aspect of a student's life and learning on university campuses. Yet efforts at greater inclusiveness by both institutions and teaching staff are taking place in the context of an increasingly diverse student body, in Australia as elsewhere. Differences between students, and between staff and students, offer both challenges and opportunities. This article reports findings from a national study of female and male Muslim students in Australian universities—a group strongly associated with difference. The study found that, although their academic satisfaction and commitment are strong, their sense of belonging may be diminished by factors operating at both institutional and interpersonal levels. Gender differences were generally not significant within the group, which challenges certain stereotypes regarding relations between male and female Muslims.
First See, Then Nod

Head nodding and shaking are bodily signals of approval and disapproval, respectively. Previous research has shown that these movements can be used to shape attitudes by means of evaluative conditioning. In the present experiment, the authors studied the conditions under which evaluative conditioning with head movements can alter social attitudes. Specifically, the authors investigated whether the evaluative conditioning effect depends on the order in which the target stimulus and the head movement are presented. The results showed that repeated coupling of head nodding with out-group names reduced negative implicit associations with this out-group only when the head nodding movement followed the target name. No effects were found when the movement preceded the name in the conditioning procedure. The authors conclude that embodied evaluative conditioning effects are constrained to a sequence of the target stimulus and head movement that corresponds to the natural temporal script in which the stimulus precedes the evaluative embodied reaction.
Methodological questions in studying consonant acquisition

Consonant mastery is one of the most widely used metrics of typical phonological acquisition and of phonological disorder. Two fundamental methodological questions concerning research on consonant acquisition are (1) how to elicit a representative sample of productions and (2) how to analyse this sample once it has been collected. This paper address these two questions by reviewing relevant aspects of experience in evaluating word‐initial consonant accuracy from transcriptions of isolated‐word productions elicited from 2‐ and 3‐year‐olds learning four different first languages representing a telling range of consonant systems (English, Cantonese, Greek, Japanese). It is suggested that both researchers and clinicians should consider a number of different item‐related factors, such as phonotactic probability and word length, when constructing word lists to elicit consonant productions from young children. This study also proposes that transcription should be supplemented by acoustic analysis and the perceptual judgements of naïve listeners.
Perturbation of myelination by activation of distinct signaling pathways: an in vitro study in a myelinating culture derived from fetal rat brain

An in vitro myelinating mouse‐derived model system has been adapted and optimized for fetal rat brain. In these mixed brain cell (MBC) cultures, myelinogenesis was studied by examining the effect of signaling pathways that are involved in the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation. When PMA, a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, was kept present during development, the early myelin protein, CNP, was expressed in oligodendrocytes as promptly as in control MBC cultures. In contrast, continuous activation of signaling pathways triggered by FGF‐2 caused a delay in the expression of CNP. The expression of the late myelin proteins MBP and PLP in oligodendrocytes was impeded by both PMA‐ and FGF‐2‐treatment, and, as a consequence, also myelin formation. Surprisingly, the continuous presence of PDGF during development also prevented myelin formation, even though all myelin‐specific proteins were significantly expressed. Taken together, the data indicate that this in vitro myelinating culture system represents an excellent system to study signaling events necessary for the onset of myelination. Moreover, the present results demonstrate that oligodendrocyte differentiation in the presence of neurons and astrocytes can be manipulated both by extracellular and intracellular signaling factors. Importantly, differentiation per se is not necessarily culminating into myelination. J. Neurosci. Res. 59:74–85, 2000 © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between Noninvasive Fibrosis Markers and Chronic Kidney Disease among Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Evidence suggests that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study we aimed to evaluate whether the severity of liver fibrosis estimated by NAFLD fibrosis score is associated with higher prevalence of CKD in individuals with NAFLD. To this end NAFLD fibrosis score and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were assessed in 570 White individuals with ultrasonography-diagnosed NAFLD. As compared with subjects at low probability of liver fibrosis, individuals at high and intermediate probability showed an unfavorable cardio-metabolic risk profile having significantly higher values of waist circumference, insulin resistance, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, uric acid and lower insulin-like growth factor-1 levels. Individuals at high and intermediate probability of liver fibrosis have lower eGFR after adjustment for gender, smoking, glucose tolerance status, homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index), diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, statin therapy, anti-diabetes and anti-hypertensive treatments (P = 0.001). Individuals at high probability of liver fibrosis had a 5.1-fold increased risk of having CKD (OR 5.13, 95%CI 1.13–23.28; P = 0.03) as compared with individuals at low probability after adjustment for age, gender, and BMI. After adjustment for glucose tolerance status, statin therapy, and anti-hypertensive treatment in addition to gender, individuals at high probability of liver fibrosis had a 3.9-fold increased risk of CKD (OR 3.94, 95%CI 1.11–14.05; P = 0.03) as compared with individuals at low probability. In conclusion, advanced liver fibrosis, determined by noninvasive fibrosis markers, is associated with CKD independently from other known factors.
Parameter sensitivity study of a Field II multilayer transducer model on a convex transducer

The influence of different model parameters describing a multilayer transducer model is addressed by altering each single simulation parameter within ±20% in steps of 2% and by calculating the pressure and the intensity at a field point located 112 mm from the source. The simulations are compared with a hydrophone measured pressure pulse and intensity from a single element of a 128 element convex medical transducer. Results show that mainly the lens material and the ceramic material are of importance for errors in the pressure pulse prediction. Specifically the thickness, the density, and the stiffness constants are of significance. Among the results it is found that a -4% change in lens stiffness yields a 6% relative error change and a -4% change in ceramic stiffness yields a -1.2% relative error change. When calculating intensity the piezoceramic and electronic driving circuits are of importance, where a similar change in the lens and the ceramic stiffness shows a -0.1% and a -12% relative error change, respectively.
The impact of family life events and changes on the health of a chronically ill child.

This investigation examined the relationship between a pile-up of family life events (family stress) and changes in the health status of a child member with cystic fibrosis. The data collected from 100 parents and from clinic records of their children's height, weight, and pulmonary functioning revealed that a decline in pulmonary functioning was associated with a pile-up of family life changes, especially in the areas of (a) family development and relationships, (b) family management and decisions, and (c) family finances. These findings are discussed in terms of the Double ABCX family stress framework. This investigation involved an integration of individual psychological stress research and family stress theory by advancing the Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes (FILE) as a tool to systematically assess cumulative family life changes.
Student Sampling as a Theoretical Problem

To begin, I am honored to have such a distinguished cast of commentators, all whose work I admire and who have played critical roles in theory development in the prejudice literature. A special honor is to have a commentary by Sears, who inspired this work with his seminal piece more than 20 years ago. I am pleased that my perhaps unfortunate choice of the word Redux in the target article title did not lead to responses that were “ho-hum, here we go again. ”1 Although each of the commentators had his or her share of critiques and reservations concerning my central arguments about the problem of overreliance on student samples in prejudice research, each engaged the issue as a problem worth debating, with reactions ranging from at least “sympathy” to viewing the problem as “unassailable,” “unimpeachable,” and “true. ” Nevertheless, the commentaries helped to put the problem of student sampling into perspective, although ultimately I believe that the commentators and I share more agreement than disagreement. Many of the criticisms may rest more in clarification issues surrounding my basic argument rather than in real philosophical differences between us. My objective in this reply is to defend the core idea that student sampling for prejudice researchers is not just a methodological or applied problem but ultimately a theoretical problem. I try to integrate and contextualize many of the important points raised by the commentaries as well as qualify my initial position where appropriate.
Self-esteem and Self-perpetuating Effects of Threat on Contingencies of Self-worth

Three studies tested self-esteem as a moderator of the effect of self-threats on contingencies of self-worth. In Studies 1 and 2, participants recalled favorable or unfavorable experiences related to belongingness or academic competence; in Study 3, women watched commercials featuring attractive models. In general, threatening conditions led participants with high self-esteem to decrease the extent to which their self-worth depends on the threatened domain. In contrast, threatening conditions generally led participants with low self-esteem to increase the extent to which their self-worth depends on the threatened domain. The present studies suggest that contingencies of self-worth are malleable and that self-threats affect contingencies of self-worth in ways that perpetuate existing levels of trait self-esteem.
ORAL AND PHARYNGEAL CANCER IN TEXTILE WORKERS

In Studies on Medical and Population Siibjects No. 23-Oral Cancer * in England and Wales, published in 1972 by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. ’ a high incidence of oral cancer in male textile workers was noted, and it was suggested that “it would be of great interest to look further into this. ” An analysis of the individual records on which the Registrar General’s study was based showed a highly significant excess (77% ) of deaths in 1959-63 from oral and pharyngeal cancers in male textile workers compared with the male population of England and Wales. The excess occurred in tongue, mouth, and pharynx. It was concentrated in the fiber preparers (330% excess), and there were also excesses in all the other occupations except weaving. In the 1951 Census there were 8,400 male cotton-workers and 14,700 male wool-workers engaged in fiber-preparing. There was one death from oral cancer in cotton-fiber preparers and 18 deaths in wool-fiber preparers. The difference is highly significant ( P < 0.005). Of the spinners and weavers who died, rather more had worked with cotton than would have been expected. Many textile processes are dusty, but those employed in cleaning the raw fibers are much the dustiest. The large amounts of nonfibrous material present in raw wool (20-55%) and to a lesser extent in raw cotton (1-15%) are removed by processes that include breaking down the extraneous matter into fine particles by beating and crushing, i.e., producing dust which is shaken out and blown or sucked away. An association between the inhalation of dust by textile workers and oral and pharyngeal cancers seems possible. Raw wool contains residues of sheep dip, which is often arsenical. The above evidence of an excess of oral and pharyngeal cancers in wool-fiber preparers and probably also in other cotton and wool textile workers is based essentially on the analysis of one set of only 72 male deaths. Moreover, occupations recorded on death certificates are not necessarily the best indicators of occupational history throughout working life. A survey in which patients suffering from oral and pharyngeal cancers are interviewed with regard to their occupational history and other relevant factors has therefore been started.
Antecedents of work engagement in a multinational oil company

The objective of this study was to investigate the antecedents of work engagement. Stratified random samples (N=171) were taken of employees in a multinational oil company. The Work Engagement Scale and the Work Experiences Scale were administered. The results confirmed that psychological meaningfulness and psychological availability were significant predictors of work engagement. Psychological meaningfulness displayed the strongest positive relationship with engagement. The relationship of co-worker relations and work role fit with work engagement was mediated by the psychological condition of meaningfulness. Cognitive, emotional and physical resources had the strongest effect on psychological availability. Co-worker relations and co-worker norms predicted psychological safety. The relationship between resources and work engagement was mediated by the psychological condition of availability.