Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and Testing of a More Realistic Pelvis for the Hybrid III 6-Year-Old ATD

Objective: Design and test a new pelvis for the Hybrid III 6-year-old (6YO) anthropometric test device (ATD) with a more humanlike bone structure, flesh contour, and flesh stiffness intended to provide more realistic interaction with belt restraints. Methods: Target geometry for the new pelvis bone was based on a 3D model of the skeletal pelvis derived from statistical analysis of pediatric computed tomography (CT) scans. The current pelvis bone was reshaped to better match the target geometry, with a particular emphasis on the contour in the areas of belt interaction. The prominence representing the anterior–superior iliac spine (ASIS) was lowered by 15 mm. The pelvis flesh was molded using softer vinyl while maintaining a 10-mm flesh margin over the ASIS. A series of 20 sled tests was conducted to compare the performance of the modified pelvis with the current Hybrid III pelvis. Results: In a series of sled tests using a range of belt anchorage locations, a dummy equipped with the new pelvis did not submarine in conditions where the lap belt was positioned below the ASIS. Tests run with the lap belt initially positioned over the ASIS resulted in submarining, unlike tests performed with the standard dummy pelvis. Conclusions: The new pelvis for the 6YO Hybrid III ATD better represents the skeletal and flesh geometry of similar-sized children. The ATD equipped with the new pelvis is more sensitive to lap belt geometry than the standard ATD. The modified ATD may provide an improved assessment of booster seats and belt restraints intended for child occupants.
Pitch, Politeness and Sexual Role: An Exploratory Investigation into the Pitch Correlates of English and Japanese Politeness Formulae

This paper reports a preliminary investigation into the pitch correlates of politeness formulae produced by Japanese and English informants of both sexes. Significant pitch differences in the expression of politeness occur between the two language communities: The Japanese female subjects adopt an extremely high pitch clearly separating themselves acoustically from Japanese males in the same circumstances, while English male pitch is considerably less differentiated from English female pitch. These pitch differences arise, it is suggested, because of a contrasting sociosemiotic function assigned to pitch in the two speech communities whereby Japanese high pitch is typically reserved for the enactment of female roles while English high pitch is adopted by both sexes to express politeness.
Experimentally verified reduced models of neocortical pyramidal cells

Reduced neuron models are essential tools in computational neuroscience to aid understanding from the single cell to network level. In this thesis I use these models to address two key challenges: introducing experimentally verifi�ed heterogeneity into neocortical network models, and furthering understanding of post-spike refractory mechanisms. Neocortical network models are increasingly including cell class diversity. However, within these classes significant heterogeneity is displayed, an aspect often neglected in modelling studies due to the lack of empirical constraints on the variance and covariance of neuronal parameters. To address this I quantified the response of pyramidal cells in neocortical layers 2/3-5 to square-pulse and naturalistic current stimuli. I used standard and dynamic I-V protocols to measure electrophysiological parameters, a byproduct of which is the straightforward extraction of reduced neuron models. I examined the between- and within-class heterogeneity, culminating in an algorithm to generate populations of exponential integrate-and-�re (EIF) neurons adhering to the empirical marginal distributions and covariance structure. This provides a novel tool for investigating heterogeneity in neocortical network models. Spike threshold is dynamic and, on spike initiation, displays a jump and subsequent exponential decay back to baseline. I examine extensions to the EIF model that include these dynamics, fi�nding that a simple renewal process model well captures the cell's response. It has been previously noted that a two-variable EIF model describing the voltage and threshold dynamics can be reduced to a single-variable system when the membrane and threshold time constants are similar. I examine the response properties of networks of these models by taking a perturbative approach to solving the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation, �finding the results in agreement with simulations over the physiological range of the membrane to threshold time constant ratio. Finally, I found that the observed threshold dynamics are not fully described by the inclusion of slow sodium-channel inactivation.
BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN FREE-RANGING WHITE-TAILED DEER FROM MICHIGAN

A 4.5 yr-old male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) killed by a hunter during the 1994 firearm hunting season in northeastern Michigan (USA) had lesions suggestive of tuberculosis and was positive on culture for Mycobacterium bovis the causative agent for bovine tuberculosis. Subsequently, a survey of 354 hunter-harvested white-tailed deer for tuberculosis was conducted in this area from 15 November 1995 through 5 January 1996. Heads and/or lungs from deer were examined grossly and microscopically for lesions suggestive of bovine tuberculosis. Gross lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were seen in 15 deer. Tissues from 16 deer had acid-fast bacilli on histological examination and in 12 cases mycobacterial isolates from lymph nodes and/or lungs were identified as M. bovis. In addition, lymph nodes from 12 deer (11 females and 1 male) without gross or microscopic lesions were pooled into 1 sample from which M. bovis was cultured. Although more male (9) than female (3) deer had bovine tuberculosis infections, this difference was not statistically significant. Mycobacterium bovis culture positive deer ranged in age from 1.5 to 5.5 yr with a mean of 2.7 yr (median 2.5 yr) for males and 3.2 yr (median 3.5 yr) for females. This appears to be the first epidemic occurrence of M. bovis in free-ranging cervids in North America. A combination of environmental (high deer density and poor quality habit) and management-related factors (extensive supplemental feeding) may be responsible for this epizootic.
Psychosocial correlates, outcome, and stability of abnormal adolescent eating behavior in community samples of young people.

OBJECTIVE The current study investigated psychosocial correlates of abnormal adolescent eating behavior at three times during adolescence and young adulthood and its association with psychiatric diagnosis in young adulthood in a community sample. METHOD Sixty-four (10.5%) high-risk subjects (mean age 15 years) with abnormal eating behavior were identified at Time 1, another 252 (16.9%) were identified at Time 2 (mean age 16.2 years), and 164 (16.9%) were identified at Time 3 (mean age 19.7 years) and compared with three control groups matched for age and gender. Dependent measures included emotional and behavioral problems, life events, coping capacities, self-related cognition, social network, and family functions. Outcome was measured additionally by structured psychiatric interviews, and stability of abnormal eating behavior was studied in a longitudinal sample of 330 subjects. RESULTS Few subjects showed more than one of five criteria of abnormal eating behavior. High-risk subjects shared a very similar pattern at all three times. They were characterized by higher scores for emotional and behavioral problems, more life events including more negative impact, less active coping, lower self-esteem, and less family cohesion. Among 10 major psychiatric disorders, only clinical eating disorders at Time 3 shared a significant association with abnormal eating disorder at the same time whereas high-risk status at Times 1 and 2 did not predict any psychiatric disorder at Time 3. Stability of abnormal eating behavior across time was very low. Stability of abnormal eating behavior across time was very low. DISCUSSION Abnormal eating behavior in adolescence and young adulthood is clearly associated with various indicators of psychosocial maladaption. In adolescence, it does not significantly predict any psychiatric disorder including eating disorder in young adulthood and it is predominantly a transient feature.
Designing Public Participation Processes

John M. Bryson is the McKnight Presidential Professor of Planning and Public Affairs in the Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota. His interests are in strategic management, leadership, and collaboration. He is author of Strategic Planning for Public and Nonprofi t Organizations (4th ed., 2011) and coauthor, with Barbara C. Crosby, of Leadership for the Common Good: Tackling Public Problems in a Shared-Power World (2nd ed., 2005). E-mail: bryso001@umn.edu
Automatic Generation of Social Tags for Music Recommendation

Social tags are user-generated keywords associated with some resource on the Web. In the case of music, social tags have become an important component of "Web2.0" recommender systems, allowing users to generate playlists based on use-dependent terms such as chill or jogging that have been applied to particular songs. In this paper, we propose a method for predicting these social tags directly from MP3 files. Using a set of boosted classifiers, we map audio features onto social tags collected from the Web. The resulting automatic tags (or autotags) furnish information about music that is otherwise untagged or poorly tagged, allowing for insertion of previously unheard music into a social recommender. This avoids the "cold-start problem" common in such systems. Autotags can also be used to smooth the tag space from which similarities and recommendations are made by providing a set of comparable baseline tags for all tracks in a recommender system.
Inborn errors of immunity to infection

The immune system's function is to protect against microorganisms, but infection is nonetheless the most frequent cause of death in human history. Until the last century, life expectancy was only ∼25 years. Recent increases in human life span primarily reflect the development of hygiene, vaccines, and anti-infectious drugs, rather than the adjustment of our immune system to coevolving microbes by natural selection. We argue here that most individuals retain a natural vulnerability to infectious diseases, reflecting a great diversity of inborn errors of immunity.
EFFECT OF LOW‐DOSE,SHORT‐DURATION CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON ANAEROBIC EXERCISE PERFORMANCE

To examine the efficacy of a low-dose, short-duration creatine monohydrate supplement, 40 physically active men were randomly assigned to either a placebo or creatine supplementation group (6 g of creatine monohydrate per day). Testing occurred before and at the end of 6 days of supplementation. During each testing session, subjects performed three 15-second Wingate anaerobic power tests. No significant (p > 0.05) group or time differences were observed in body mass, peak power, mean power, or total work. In addition, no significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed in peak power, mean power, or total work. However, the change in the rate of fatigue of total work was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the creatine supplementation group than in the placebo group, indicating a reduced fatigue rate in subjects supplementing with creatine compared with the placebo. Although the results of this study demonstrated reduced fatigue rates in patients during high-intensity sprint intervals, further research is necessary in examining the efficacy of low-dose, short-term creatine supplementation.
Comparing Student and Instructor Evaluations of Teaching

Abstract Most economics departments use end-of-term student evaluations of teaching, but the relationship between instructors' assessments of their own teaching and their students' assessments is unknown. The background survey for the nationally normed Test of Understanding in College Economics asked students and instructors to evaluate the instructor on five identical items. Using these data, the authors found that for instructors who speak English as their native language, speaking ability and enthusiasm are closely linked to self-ratings of teaching effectiveness. Students also value these traits but care more about instructors' preparation for class. Grading rigor is more important to students of instructors who speak English as a second language.
Features of Psychoemotional Status in Children Having Different Irritable Bowel Syndromes Contact information : Eremeeva

The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of mental and emotional status of children with different irritable bowel syndromes (IBS). The study covered mental and emotional status in 67 children aged 12 to 17 years. The majority of patients had dysthymia, high anxiety, in combination with different accentuation nature. A conclusion was made about the necessity of psychological support for children with IBS, as well as of psychiatric examination for the purpose of timely appropriate medical treatment appointment.
Neural networks in medical journals : current trends and implications for BioPattern

Artificial neural networks have featured in a wide range of medical journals, often with promising results. This paper reviews the clinical fields where neural network methods figure most prominently, the main algorithms featured, methodologies for model selection and the need for rigorous evaluation of results. Common methodological shortcomings shared with other publications in medical statistical are identified, yielding a checklist for study design in BioPattern. Links are also made with staged methodologies for the development of medical decision support systems as a means of clearly specifying the purpose of individual studies so as to ensure maximum impact on follow-up studies leading to clinical trials.
THE TROUBLE WITH TRANSPARENCY

This article argues for a more complex understanding of how the ethic of transparency is used within American journalism. Following the ethical theories of Jürgen Habermas and Michel Foucault, it suggests that transparency has become central to debates about identity formation, disputes over professional jurisdiction, and how journalists have come to cover political events. Recognizing the complex role that transparency plays within journalism, it calls for the articulation of an ethical framework that sees transparency less as an instrumental value and more as a normative goal.
Does 3D orientation account for variation in osteon morphology assessed by 2D histology?

The primary microstructural unit of cortical bone, the secondary osteon or Haversian system, is widely assumed to have a cylindrical shape. It is generally accepted that osteons are roughly circular in cross‐section and deviations from circularity have been attributed to deviations from longitudinal orientation. To our knowledge this idealized geometric relationship, which assumes osteons are perfect cylinders, has not been rigorously explored. As such, we sought to explore two research questions: (i) Does the orientation of osteons in 3D explain variation in shapes visualized in 2D? (ii) Can differences in osteon 3D orientation explain previously reported age‐related differences observed in their 2D cross‐sectional shape (e.g. more circular shape and decreased area with age)? To address these questions we utilized a combination of 2D histology to identify osteon shape and superimposed micro‐computed tomography data to assess osteon orientation in 3D based upon the osteonal canal. Shape was assessed by the inverse of Aspect Ratio (On.AspR−1, based on a fitted ellipse) – which ranged from 0 (infinitely elongated shape) to 1 (perfectly circular). A sample (n = 27) of human female anterior femoral cortical bone samples from across the human lifespan (20–87 years) were included in the analysis, which involved 1418 osteons. The overall mean measure of On.AspR−1 was 0.703 (1.42 Aspect Ratio). Mean osteon orientation was 79.1° (90° being longitudinal). While we anticipated a positive relation between orientation and On.AspR−1, we found the opposite – a weak negative correlation (with more oblique 3D osteon alignment, the 2D shape became more circular as reflected by increased On.AspR−1). When analysis of covariance was performed with age and orientation as covariates, the negative relation with orientation was replaced by a significant relation with age alone. This relation with age accounted for 41% of the variation of On.AspR−1. The results revealed that osteons, on average, are not circular in cross‐section and that 3D orientation cannot account for deviation from circular shape. Osteons thus are strictly speaking not cylinders, as they tend to have elliptical cross‐sections. We observed that osteons did become less elliptical in cross‐section with age independent of orientation – suggesting this is a real change in morphology.
The Effects of Task Complexity and Input Frequency on the Acquisition of the Past Counterfactual Construction Through Recasts

This investigation examined two techniques that may help learners focus on second language constructions when recasts are provided during meaning-based communicative activities: altering the cognitive complexity of tasks and manipulating the input frequency distributions of target constructions. We first independently assessed the validity of our cognitive task complexity manipulation by means of expert judgments, dual-task methodology, and eye tracking. Next, in our main study, we employed a pretest-posttest design with two treatment sessions. The participants were 51 adult ESL learners, randomly assigned to one of four comparison groups or a control group. All comparison groups received recasts but differed as to whether they carried out simple tasks with lower reasoning demands or complex tasks with higher reasoning demands, and whether they received skewed or balanced input of the linguistic target, the past counterfactual construction. An oral production test and two written receptive tests were utilized to measure changes in participants’ knowledge. Our results revealed no effects for the input frequency manipulations, but participants achieved higher oral production gains under the simple task condition.
Impact of Gunas and Karma Yoga on Transformational Leadership

This study examined whether transformational leadership would be affected by the predominance of a particular guna (sattva, rajas and tamas) in a leader and his or her belief in Karma Yoga. An experiment was conducted using a sample of 110 marketing executives working in a financial services firm in eastern India. A 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design was used to manipulate the three gunas (sattva, rajas and tamas) and Karma Yoga. Sattva and rajas were crossed with Karma Yoga (yes or no) to produce four cells, with tamas being the fifth cell. Transformational leadership was the measured variable. Results show that compared to rajas, sattva enhances transformational leadership, whereas tamas reduces it. Further, Karma Yoga enhances transformational leadership when the leader is sattvic, but does not enhance transformational leadership when the leader is rajasic. Results imply that organizations interested in enhancing transformational leadership should develop sattvic qualities in their managers and encourage them to be duty oriented.
Transduction of Recombinant M3-p53-R12 Protein Enhances Human Leukemia Cell Apoptosis

Tumor suppressor protein p53 plays important roles in initiating cell cycle arrest and promoting tumor cell apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that p53 is either mutated or defective in approximately 50% of human cancers; therefore restoring normal p53 activity in cancer cells might be an effective anticancer therapeutic approach. Herein, we designed a chimeric p53 protein flanked with the MyoD N-terminal transcriptional activation domain (amino acids 1-62, called M3) and a poly-arginine (R12) cell penetrating signal in its N-and C-termini respectively. This chimeric protein, M3-p53-R12, can be expressed in E. coli and purified using immobilized metal ion chromatography followed by serial refolding dialysis. The purified M3-p53-R12 protein retains DNA-binding activity and gains of cell penetrating ability. Using MTT assay, we demonstrated that M3-p53-R12 inhibited the growth of K562, Jurkat as well as HL-60 leukemia cells carrying mutant p53 genes. Results from FACS analysis also demonstrated that transduction of M3-p53-R12 protein induced cell cycle arrest of these leukemia cells. Of special note, M3-p53-R12 has no apoptotic effect on normal mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and leukocytes, highlighting its differential effects on normal and tumor cells. To sum up, our results reveal that purified recombinant M3-p53-R12 protein has functions of suppressing the leukemia cell lines' proliferation and launching cell apoptosis, suggesting the feasibility of using M3-p53-R12 protein as an anticancer drug. In the future we will test whether this chimeric protein can preferentially trigger the death of malignant cancer cells without affecting normal cells in animals carrying endogenous or xenographic tumors.
Experimentally Induced Stress Validated by EMG Activity

Experience of stress may lead to increased electromyography (EMG) activity in specific muscles compared to a non-stressful situation. The main aim of this study was to develop and validate a stress-EMG paradigm in which a single uncontrollable and unpredictable nociceptive stimulus was presented. EMG activity of the trapezius muscles was the response of interest. In addition to linear time effects, non-linear EMG time courses were also examined. Taking into account the hierarchical structure of the dataset, a multilevel random regression model was applied. The stress paradigm, executed in N = 70 subjects, consisted of a 3-minute baseline measurement, a 3-minute pre-stimulus stress period and a 2-minute post-stimulus phase. Subjects were unaware of the precise moment of stimulus delivery and its intensity level. EMG activity during the entire experiment was conform a priori expectations: the pre-stimulus phase showed a significantly higher mean EMG activity level compared to the other two phases, and an immediate EMG response to the stimulus was demonstrated. In addition, the analyses revealed significant non-linear EMG time courses in all three phases. Linear and quadratic EMG time courses were significantly modified by subjective anticipatory stress level, measured just before the start of the stress task. Linking subjective anticipatory stress to EMG stress reactivity revealed that subjects with a high anticipatory stress level responded with more EMG activity during the pre-stimulus stress phase, whereas subjects with a low stress level showed an inverse effect. Results suggest that the stress paradigm presented here is a valid test to quantify individual differences in stress susceptibility. Further studies with this paradigm are required to demonstrate its potential use in mechanistic clinical studies.