Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preferential policies and ethnic differences in post‐secondary education in Peninsular Malaysia

In this study we use the second wave of the Malaysian family life survey conducted in 1988–1989 to examine the effects of the national economic policy (NEP) instituted by the Malaysian government in 1971 to promote educational opportunities of hitherto disadvantaged ethnic Malays. The analysis focuses on the probability of entering post‐secondary education, given the completion of secondary school, across generational cohorts (pre‐NEP and post‐NEP) and across the three main ethnic groups—Malays, Chinese and Indians. The results show an increase in the likelihood of entering post‐secondary education in each subsequent cohort for all the three ethnic groups but the rate of the increase varies across these groups. Reflecting the effects of the NEP, the cohorts of Malays that reached college age after 1971 experienced a much larger increase in the odds of continuing beyond secondary education relative both to their Chinese and Indian counterparts and to the pre‐NEP cohorts of Malays. The results also show a reduction in gender inequalities in post‐secondary education among post‐NEP cohorts.
Age differences in the accuracy of confidence judgments.

Age differences in accuracy were investigated by having older (M = 68.6 years) and younger (M = 21.5 years) adults make confidence judgments about the correctness of their responses to two sets of general knowledge items. For one set, prior to making their confidence judgments, subjects made mental strategy judgements indicating how they had selected their answers (i.e., they guessed, used intuition, made an inference, or immediately recognized the response as correct). Results indicate that older subjects were more accurate than younger subjects in predicting the correctness of their responses; however, making mental strategy judgments did not result in increased accuracy for either age group. Additional analyses explored the relationship between accuracy and other individual difference variables. The results of this investigation are consistent with recent theories of postformal cognitive development that suggest older adults have greater insight into the limitations of their knowledge.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Air Cooling of Electronic Components in a Vertical Channel

This paper summarizes a series of computational results originating from the simulation of three-dimensional turbulent natural convection occurring in a vertical channel containing 5 cubic aluminum heated sources (mimicking a set of electronics components equally spaced in the vertical direction). A three- dimensional, conjugate heat transfer model with appropriate boundary conditions is used. In particular, the governing equations are solved by a finite volume method throughout the entire physical domain. Calculations are made for distinct values of: the Rayleigh number, the ratio (air/solid) of thermal conductivities and other geometrical parameters (in order to examine the influence of such variables on the resulting heat transfer inside the channel).
Investigating Factors Associated with FOBT Screening for Colorectal Cancer Based on the Components of Health Belief Model and Social Support

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with FOBT screening for colorectal cancer based on the components of Health Belief Model and social support in Fasa City, Fars Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 240 subjects in people of Fasa city who had 50 years old and above. The subjects in this study were assigned to two groups of 120 patients. The first group included people over 50 years, who referred to the diagnostic laboratories for doing FOBT, but the second group included people aged 50 years and above who did not refer to a laboratory for doing FOBT and were assessed by questionnaires at home. Data were collected through a questionnaire based on health belief model and perceived social support. Results: The referring group included 61.3 percent women and 38.7 percent men, with a mean age of 65.24 ± 8.01. The non-referring group included 59.7 percent women and 40.3 percent men, with a mean age of 64.21 ±7.53 (p=0.24). In the referring group, 64.2 percent had undergone FOBT in the past year, while in the non-referring group only 12.72percent had done so (p=0.001). The results showed that the referring group obtained higher scores on awareness about CRC and ways to prevent it, and on HBM Model constructs, and social support compared to the non-referring group (p<0.001). In addition, the referring group reported significantly lower Perceived Barriers compared to the non-referring group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed significant differences between the two groups in terms of HBM components and perceived social support for doing FOBT. Therefore, theory-based educational interventions can be used to increase individuals’ Perceived Severity, Perceived Susceptibility, and Perceived Benefits and reduce their Perceived Barriers in order to empower and encourage people to perform FOBT.
Genetic Links Between Temperamental Traits of the Regulative Theory of Temperament and the Big Five A Multitrait-Multimethod Twin Study

This study investigated the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental relationships between Big Five personality traits and temperamental traits on the basis of the regulative theory of temperament (RTT) using a multitrait-multimethod twin dataset. This allowed us to test specific hypotheses of the five factor theory (FFT) and the RTT. The Big Five personality factors were measured with the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The six regulatory temperamental traits were captured by the Formal Characteristics of Behavior-Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI). We analyzed self-reports as well as averaged peer ratings from 737 monozygotic and 395 dizygotic twins. Results showed phenotypic links between Big Five and RTT traits that could be attributed mainly to genetic factors. Genetic influences on the variance in Big Five personality traits did not account for the vast majority of genetic variance in all temperamental traits of the RTT contradicting the hypothesis of the FFT that the Big Five exhaustively cover basic temperamental traits. In line with the RTT, the FCB-TI scales showed large genetic links to Neuroticism and Extraversion and rather small links to Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, supporting the idea of a differentiation between regulative and integrative aspects of personality.
Identification of a novel conserved sorting motif required for retromer-mediated endosome-to-TGN retrieval

The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CIMPR) cycles between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomes to mediate sorting of lysosomal hydrolases. The endosome-to-TGN retrieval of the CIMPR requires the retromer complex. Genetic, biochemical and structural data support the hypothesis that the retromer can directly bind to the tail of the CIMPR, to sort the CIMPR into vesicles and tubules for retrieval to the TGN. Presently, however, no known retromer sorting motif in the tail of the CIMPR has been identified. Using CD8-reporter proteins carrying the cytoplasmic tail of the CIMPR we have systematically dissected the CIMPR tail to identify a novel, conserved aromatic-containing sorting motif that is critical for the endosome-to-TGN retrieval of the CIMPR and for the interaction with retromer and the clathrin adaptor AP-1.
A long-range and variable focus phase-conjugation experiment in shallow water

A second phase-conjugation experiment was conducted in the Mediterranean Sea in May 1997 extending the results of the earlier time-reversal mirror experiment [Kuperman et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 25–40 (1998)]. New results reported here include (1) extending the range of focus from the earlier result of 6 km out to 30 km, (2) verifying a new technique to refocus at ranges other than that of the probe source [Song et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 3234–3240 (1998)], and (3) demonstrating that probe-source pulses up to 1 week old can be refocused successfully.
Effective Leadership and Management in the Early Years

There has recently been an unprecedented focus on early years care and education, particularly on the impact of the various adults who work and play with children in the birth to five/six-years age range. Staff in early years settings have had to adapt to many changes and demands, locally and nationally, and none more so than those who suddenly find themselves in a leadership and management role in increasingly complex small early years businesses and settings, often without formal training or qualifications.
Complexes between Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoproteins gD, gB, and gH Detected in Cells by Complementation of Split Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein

ABSTRACT The interactions between herpes simplex virus gD and its nectin1 receptor or between gD, gB, and gH were analyzed by complementation of the N and C portions of split enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fused to the glycoproteins. The gDN-NectC complex was readily detected; the gDN-gCC complex was undetectable, highlighting the specificity of the assay. Split EGFP complementation was detected between proteins designated gDN+gHC, gDN+gBC, and gHN+gBC+wtgD (gB was deleted of endocytosis motifs), both in cells transfected with two-tree glycoproteins and in syncytia. The in situ assay provides evidence that gD interacts with gH and gB independently of each other and supports a model whereby gH and gB in complex exert their activities to gD.
Creativity In Context: Update To The Social Psychology Of Creativity

Understanding And Assessing Creativity The Case For A Social Psychology Of Creativity. The Meaning And Measurement Of Creativity. A Consensual Technique For Creativity Assessment. A Theoretical Framework Social And Environmental Influences * Effects of Evaluation on Creativity * Effects of Reward and Task Constraint * Social Facilitation, Modeling, and Motivational Orientation * Other Social and Environmental Influences Implications * Implications for Enhancing Creativity * Toward a Comprehensive Psychology of Creativity
Toward Blind Robust Watermarking of Vector Maps

Digital watermarking technology is applied on multimedia data such as images, audio and video etc., for copyright protection and temper proofing. Vector type images are commonly employed in cartography or geographical information system, and their copyright or ownership must be protected. Previous works on digital watermarking of vector maps adopted the informed or non-blind method, which needs the original maps for watermark detection. In this paper, we propose a novel and blind watermarking approach, which firstly subdivides the map into mesh segments, and then embed the watermark in each segment. In the detection step, either map segmentation or watermark detection doesn't need the original map. Simulation results show that the proposed approach also resists to cropping and noise attacks
Women of Value, Men of Renown: New Perspectives in Trobriand Exchange

This study of women, men, and exchanges of wealth in the Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea, makes an interesting comparison with the work of pioneer ethnographer Bronislaw Malinowski, who conducted his seminal research there between 1915 and 1918. While Malinowski and others have focused on men, dismissing "women's work" as unimportant, Weiner shows that women play a vital role in Trobriand society.
Influence of wind turbine generators on the frequency of the electric power system during large disturbances

The increasing share of wind power generation is sustainable and persistent trend. This process leads to changes in the electricity generation mix, and hence the capability for its automatic regulation in the event of large disturbance. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of wind turbine generators on the frequency of the electric power system during significant frequency excursions. The presented simulation results are performed on detailed model of the Bulgarian electric power system, operating as part of ENTSO-E. The model is modified in order to comply with the near future plans for the network development, mainly in terms of incorporation of large-scale wind power plants. A case of generation loss and a case of bus load tripping are studied. The performance of the primary frequency control and the wind inertia system are investigated. The presented results indicate that wind turbine generators could contribute to faster frequency recovery during large disturbances in the electric power system.
A DTLS based end-to-end security architecture for the Internet of Things with two-way authentication

In this paper, we introduce the first fully implemented two way authentication security scheme for the Internet of Things (IoT) based on existing Internet standards, especially the Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) protocol. The proposed security scheme is based on the most widely used public key cryptography (RSA), and works on top of standard low power communication stacks.We believe that by relying on an established standard, existing implementations, engineering techniques and security infrastructure can be reused, which enables easy security uptake. We present an implemented system architecture for the proposed scheme based on a low-power hardware platform suitable for the IoT. We further demonstrate its feasibility (low overheads and high interoperability) through extensive evaluation.
Points of entry: South Asian immigrant women's entry into enclave entrepreneurship in Toronto

Based on interviews with 25 highly educated South Asian immigrant women working as home-based entrepreneurs within ethnic enclaves in Toronto, this article demonstrates how the women are engaged in reconfiguring gendered relations and community ties in response to the domination and marginalisation they often experience at home and in the Canadian labour market.
Rehabilitation of Reaching After Stroke: Comparing 2 Training Protocols Utilizing Trunk Restraint

Background and Purpose . Task-related training (TRT) but not resistive exercise (RE) was found to improve the path of the hand of a hemiparetic upper extremity when reaching to targets. Forward movement of the trunk, however, compensated for the poststroke motor impairment. Prior studies also demonstrated that short-term practice of reaching to grasp objects with truncal motion restrained (compared to unrestrained practice) increased elbow extension, lessened compensatory trunk movement, and improved interjoint coordination during performance with the trunk unrestrained. Objective. To determine the effects of TRT and RE on unrestrained reaching following extended practice in which compensatory truncal motion was limited. Methods. Using a restraining device to reduce movement of the trunk, hemiparetic patients with moderately severe motor impairment were given 12 sessions over 4 weeks of TRT (n = 5) or RE (n = 6). Reaching when the trunk was not restrained to targets located ipsilateral, midline, and contralateral to the impaired arm was tested before and 2 days after training by 3D kinematic analyses. Results. After both training protocols, kinematic analysis showed that trunk flexion decreased (P < .01, η2 = .53) scapular motion shifted toward protraction (P < .01, η2 = .57) and elbow extension increased (P < .04, η2 = .39). Only after TRT did the path of the hand straighten (P < .02, η2 = .46), deceleration time decrease (P < .03, η2 = .44), and, at the difficult ipsilateral target, shoulder flexion increase (P < .03, η 2 = .31). Conclusions. Training that restricted compensatory truncal motion during TRT improved the precision of reaching more than during RE. Truncal restraint during rehabilitation of reaching may be an effective therapeutic strategy in patients with moderately severe hemiparetic stroke, especially when combined with TRT.
Efficient Stochastic Part-of-Speech Tagging for Hungarian

Many of the methods developed for Western European languages and used widespread to produce annotated language resources cannot readily be applied to Central and Eastern European languages, due to the large number of novel phenomena exhibited in the syntax and morphology of these languages, which these methods have to handle but have not been designed to cope with. The process of morphological tagging when applied to Hungarian data to produce corpora annotated at least at the morphosyntactic level is most indicative of this problem: several of the algorithms (either rule-based or statistical) that have been used very successfully in other domains cannot readily be applied to a language exhibiting such a varied morphology and huge number of wordforms as Hungarian. The paper will describe a robust tagging scenario for Hungarian using a relatively simple stochastic system augmented with external morphological processing, which can overcome the two most conspcicuous problems: the complexity of morphosyntactic descriptions and most importantly the huge number of possible wordforms.
Effect of solution and post-mortem time on mechanical and histological properties of liver during cold preservation.

BACKGROUND In liver transplantation, the donor and recipient are in different locations most of the time, and longer preservation periods are inevitable. Hence, the choice of the preservation solution and the duration of the preservation period are critical for the success of the transplant surgery. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examine the mechanical and histological properties of the bovine liver tissue stored in Lactated Ringer's (control), HTK and UW solutions as a function of preservation period. METHODS The mechanical experiments are conducted with a shear rheometer on cylindrical tissue samples extracted from 3 bovine livers and the change in viscoelastic material properties of the bovine liver is characterized using the fractional derivative Kelvin-Voigt Model. Also, the histological examinations are performed on the same liver samples under a light microscope. RESULTS The results show that the preservation solution and period have a significant effect on the mechanical and histological properties of the liver tissue. The storage and loss shear moduli, the number of the apoptotic cells, the collagen accumulation, and the sinusoidal dilatation increase, and the glycogen deposition decreases as the preservation period is longer. CONCLUSIONS Based on the statistical analyses, we observe that the liver tissue is preserved well in all three solutions for up to 11 h. After then, UW solution provides a better preservation up to 29 h. However, for preservation periods longer than 29 h, HTK is a more effective preservation solution based on the least amount of change in mechanical properties. On the other hand, the highest correlation between the mechanical and histological properties is observed for the liver samples preserved in UW solution.
The Dragon in School Backyards: The Influence of Mandated Testing on School Contexts and Educators’ Narrative Knowing

Researched in the narrative inquiry tradition, this article examines the influence of state-mandated accountability testing on Eagle High School's dramatically shifting context and the embodied knowledge held and expressed by principal, Henry Richards, and the Eagle teachers. Through carefully unpacking Richards's “dragon in school backyards” metaphor, the way the prevailing state accountability system shaped and continues to shape the school's development becomes revealed. The inquiry raises serious questions about the relationships between and among curriculum, instruction, and standardized testing for accountability purposes and what educators are asked and required to do in the pursuit of educational excellence as defined by policy makers.
The N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor and Dysbindin Interact To Modulate Synaptic Plasticity

Dysbindin is a schizophrenia susceptibility factor and subunit of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1) required for lysosome-related organelle biogenesis, and in neurons, synaptic vesicle assembly, neurotransmission, and plasticity. Protein networks, or interactomes, downstream of dysbindin/BLOC-1 remain partially explored despite their potential to illuminate neurodevelopmental disorder mechanisms. Here, we conducted a proteome-wide search for polypeptides whose cellular content is sensitive to dysbindin/BLOC-1 loss of function. We identified components of the vesicle fusion machinery as factors downregulated in dysbindin/BLOC-1 deficiency in neuroectodermal cells and iPSC-derived human neurons, among them the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF). Human dysbindin/BLOC-1 coprecipitates with NSF and vice versa, and both proteins colocalized in a Drosophila model synapse. To test the hypothesis that NSF and dysbindin/BLOC-1 participate in a pathway-regulating synaptic function, we examined the role for NSF in dysbindin/BLOC-1-dependent synaptic homeostatic plasticity in Drosophila. As previously described, we found that mutations in dysbindin precluded homeostatic synaptic plasticity elicited by acute blockage of postsynaptic receptors. This dysbindin mutant phenotype is fully rescued by presynaptic expression of either dysbindin or Drosophila NSF. However, neither reduction of NSF alone or in combination with dysbindin haploinsufficiency impaired homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Our results demonstrate that dysbindin/BLOC-1 expression defects result in altered cellular content of proteins of the vesicle fusion apparatus and therefore influence synaptic plasticity.
Riemannian Dictionary Learning and Sparse Coding for Positive Definite Matrices

Data encoded as symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices frequently arise in many areas of computer vision and machine learning. While these matrices form an open subset of the Euclidean space of symmetric matrices, viewing them through the lens of non-Euclidean Riemannian (Riem) geometry often turns out to be better suited in capturing several desirable data properties. Inspired by the great success of dictionary learning and sparse coding (DLSC) for vector-valued data, our goal in this paper is to represent data in the form of SPD matrices as sparse conic combinations of SPD atoms from a learned dictionary via a Riem geometric approach. To that end, we formulate a novel Riem optimization objective for DLSC, in which the representation loss is characterized via the affine-invariant Riem metric. We also present a computationally simple algorithm for optimizing our model. Experiments on several computer vision data sets demonstrate superior classification and retrieval performance using our approach when compared with SC via alternative non-Riem formulations.
Youth Court Dispositions: Perceptions of Canadian Juvenile Offenders

In North America, the approach to youth crime and juvenile offenders has become increasingly punitive, and deterrence is seen as a significant goal of sentencing. Young people’s views about their sentences can provide insight into the meaning of these experiences and their perceived connection to offending behavior. The authors interviewed 53 young male offenders about their perceptions of youth court dispositions and explored what offender, offense, and disposition characteristics predicted their beliefs about the specific and general deterrent value of their sentences. Juveniles varied in their perceptions about their sentences as deterrents, but the characteristics examined did not adequately account for this variation. Their perceptions reflected multiple approaches to achieving deterrence, including not only the get-tough focus on dispositions as punishments but the role that sentences play in helping young offenders achieve personal change. Implications of the findings for the get-tough approach to youth justice and study limitations are discussed.