Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Niche Partitioning among Mesocarnivores in a Brazilian Wetland

We investigated the home range size, habitat selection, as well as the spatial and activity overlap, of four mid-sized carnivore species in the Central Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. From December 2005 to September 2008, seven crab-eating foxes Cerdocyon thous, seven brown-nosed coatis Nasua nasua, and six ocelots Leopardus pardalis were radio-collared and monitored. Camera trap data on these species were also collected for the crab-eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus. We hypothesized that there would be large niche differentiation in preferred habitat-type or active period between generalist species with similar diet, and higher similarity in habitat-type or activity time between the generalist species (crab-eating foxes and coatis) and the more specialized ocelot. Individual home ranges were estimated using the utilization distribution index (UD– 95% fixed Kernel). With data obtained from radio-collared individuals, we evaluated habitat selection using compositional analysis. Median home range size of ocelots was 8 km2. The proportion of habitats within the home ranges of ocelots did not differ from the overall habitat proportion in the study area, but ocelots preferentially used forest within their home range. The median home range size of crab-eating foxes was 1.4 km2. Foxes showed second-order habitat selection and selected savanna over shrub-savanna vegetation. The median home range size for coati was 1.5 km2. Coati home ranges were located randomly in the study area. However, within their home range, coatis occurred more frequently in savanna than in other vegetation types. Among the four species, the overlap in activity period was the highest (87%) between ocelots and raccoons, with the least overlap occurring between the ocelot and coati (25%). We suggest that temporal segregation of carnivores was more important than spatial segregation, notably between the generalist coati, crab-eating fox and crab-eating raccoon.
Multiscale assessment of treatment efficacy in adults with ADHD: A randomized placebo-controlled, multi-centre study with extended-release methylphenidate

Abstract Objectives. This trial was performed to test the efficacy and safety of an extended-release formulation of methylphenidate (MPH ER). Methods. A total of 162 adults with ADHD according to DSM-IV were treated for 8 weeks with either two daily individually body weight-adjusted doses of MPH ER up to 1 mg/kg per day (N = 84) or placebo (N = 78). The primary efficacy outcome was the Wender–Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (WRAADDS) 8 weeks after randomization. Secondary efficacy measures were the ADHD Diagnostic Checklist (ADHD-DC), the Conners Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (CAARS-S:L), the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Results. At week 8 a significantly higher decline of the total WRAADDS score was found in the MPH ER group as compared to the placebo group (P = 0.0003). The rates of responders were 50% in the MPH ER and 18% in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, similar effects were observed for the secondary efficacy variable: ADHD-DC score (P = 0.004), CAARS-S:L score (P = 0.008) and the SDS score (P = 0.017). 50% of the MPH ER group and 24.4% of the placebo group were improved “much” or “very much” according to the CGI rating (P = 0.0001). MPH ER treatment was well tolerated. At week 2 also the mean heart rate was significantly higher in the MPH ER group as compared to the placebo group (P = 0.01). No differences between the study groups were observed regarding mean blood pressure at any visit. Conclusions. This clinical trial demonstrated statistically significant and clinical relevant effects of MPH ER in adults with ADHD for several self- and investigator-rated ADHD psychopathology and also functional efficacy measures.
Physical activity and body weight among German adolescents - a longitudinal consideration

Die Thesis betrachtet den langsschnittlichen Zusammenhang zwischen korperlich-sportlicher Aktivitat (KSA) und Korpergewicht bei Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Das Aktivitatsverhalten im und auserhalb des Sportverein sowie Overall weist eine geringe Stabilitat auf und verandert sich vom Jugendalter in das junge Erwachsenenalter. Diese Veranderungen zeigen keinen Zusammenhang mit Veranderungen im Korpergewicht. Die Entwicklung des BMI wird nicht durch das Ausmas an KSA beeinflusst.
Gradual restructuring and structural unemployment in Poland. A legacy of central planning

In the transition to a market economy we examine the relationship between inherited human capital structures and the evolution of unemployment within a two-sector model of endogenous restructuring. We find evidence across Polish regions for the predictions of our theory. The inherited dominance of ineffective human capital in eastern regions of Poland has delayed restructuring, reduced unemployment turnover and lowered the number of workers with out-dated human capital in the unemployment stock. On the other hand, the dominance of effective human capital in western regions has induced restructuring, boosted unemployment turnover and increased the number of workers with out-dated human capital among the unemployed. We argue that the role of government to prevent such outcomes is limited. Yet, intervention conceived as social rather than economic policies can lessen the social cost created from the inheritance of out-dated human capital, which is a legacy of central planning.
Molecular determinants of orexin receptor-arrestinubiquitin complex formation

The orexin system regulates a multitude of key physiological processes, particularly involving maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Consequently, there is considerable potential for pharmaceutical development for the treatment of disorders from narcolepsy to metabolic syndrome. It acts through the hormonal activity of two endogenous peptides, orexin A binding to orexin receptors 1 and 2 (OX1 and OX2) with similar affinity, and orexin B binding to OX2 with higher affinity than OX1 receptors. We have previously revealed data differentiating orexin receptor subtypes with respect to their relative stability in forming orexin receptor‐arrestin‐ubiquitin complexes measured by BRET. Recycling and cellular signalling distinctions were also observed. Here, we have investigated, using BRET, the molecular determinants involved in providing OX2 receptors with greater β‐arrestin‐ubiquitin complex stability.
Demographical, Clinical, and Psychological Characteristics of Users and Nonusers of an Online Platform for T2DM Patients (e-VitaDM-3/ZODIAC-44)

Background. Online platforms offer opportunities for support in changing lifestyle and taking responsibility for one's health, but engaging patients with type 2 diabetes is challenging. Previous studies have shown that patients interested in platforms were more often male, younger, and higher educated. This study aims to investigate differences in clinical and psychological characteristics between users and nonusers of a newly developed platform. Methods. A prospective study started in the Drenthe region of Netherlands. Participants in the study concerning quality of care and quality of life were additionally invited to use the platform. Results. 633 patients were registered after they opted for platform use. Of these patients, 361 (57.0%) never logged on, 184 (29.1%) were labeled “curious” users, and 88 (13.9%) were identified as “active” users. Users had lower HbA1c levels and more often hypertension compared to nonusers, and reported higher quality of life, better well-being, lower diabetes-related distress, and better medication adherence. Discussion. Platform use was associated with more favorable clinical and psychological characteristics relative to nonuse. Those with greater severity of disease, lower mood, and progression of disease used the platform the least. Other approaches need to be developed to reach these patients. Furthermore, improving the platform could also help to reach them. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01570140.
How Well can We Learn Interpretable Entity Types from Text?

Many NLP applications rely on type systems to represent higher-level classes. Domain-specific ones are more informative, but have to be manually tailored to each task and domain, making them inflexible and expensive. We investigate a largely unsupervised approach to learning interpretable, domain-specific entity types from unlabeled text. It assumes that any common noun in a domain can function as potential entity type, and uses those nouns as hidden variables in a HMM. To constrain training, it extracts co-occurrence dictionaries of entities and common nouns from the data. We evaluate the learned types by measuring their prediction accuracy for verb arguments in several domains. The results suggest that it is possible to learn domain-specific entity types from unlabeled data. We show significant improvements over an informed baseline, reducing the error rate by 56%.
The behaviour and ecology of the zebrafish, Danio rerio

The zebrafish Danio rerio, is an important model organism in developmental genetics, neurophysiology and biomedicine, but little is known about its natural ecology and behaviour. It is a small, shoaling cyprinid, native to the flood‐plains of the Indian subcontinent, where it is found in shallow, slow‐flowing waters. Zebrafish are group spawners and egg scatterers, although females are choosy with respect to sites for oviposition and males defend territories around such sites. Laboratory studies of zebrafish behaviour have encompassed shoaling, foraging, reproduction, sensory perception and learning. These studies are reviewed in relation to the suitability of the zebrafish as a model for studies on cognition and learning, development, behavioural and evolutionary ecology, and behavioural genetics.
Activity Based Costing Knowledge: empirical study on small and medium size enterprises

O objetivo deste artigo e analisar a taxa percentual de uso e o conhecimento do custeio baseado em atividades (ABC) nas empresas de pequeno e medio porte portuguesas e, ao mesmo tempo pesquisar a existencia de quaisquer fatores que poderiam explicar a razao pela qual este metodo nao e usado entre a maioria das empresas. Os dados coletados permitem concluir que nenhuma dessas empresas utiliza o ABC e que a maioria dos entrevistados nao tem conhecimento algum sobre o assunto. Nivel hierarquico, idade e qualificacao academica sao as razoes pelas quais o conhecimento do ABC esta associado as caracteristicas individuais das pessoas responsaveis pela contabilidade gerencial.
Magnetospheric injection of ELF/VLF waves with modulated or steered HF heating of the lower ionosphere

[1] ELF/VLF waves have been generated via steerable HF heating of the lower ionosphere. The temperature‐dependent conductivity of the lower ionospheric plasma enables HF heating (and subsequent recovery) to modulate natural current systems such as the auroral electrojet, thus generating an antenna embedded in the ionospheric plasma. We apply a realistic three‐dimensional model of HF heating and ionospheric recovery, as well as ELF/VLF wave propagation in and below the ionosphere, to derive the radiation pattern into the magnetosphere as a result of steerable HF heating. It is found that modulated HF heating preferentially directs signals upward into space because of the phasing effect of the upward HF wave propagation. We find that the steering techniques such as the geometric modulation “circle sweep” enhances the total ELF/VLF power injected into the magnetosphere by 5–7 dB compared to amplitude modulated heating, with a few dB enhancement in the peak magnetic field value. Another technique known as beam painting enhances the total injected power by 1–3 dB but produces weaker peak magnetic fields due to the power being spread over a larger area. Observations on the DEMETER spacecraft are presented and compared with theoretical predictions. DEMETER observations show that the signal produced with geometric modulation can be stronger than the signal from AM under the same conditions.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINIA VIRUS IN EARLE'S L STRAIN CELLS AS EXAMINED BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

A favorable system which is amenable to frequent and reproducible sampling, consisting of suspension cultures of strain L cells and vaccinia virus, was employed to study the animal virus-mammalian host cell relationship. The three principal aspects investigated concerned the adsorption and penetration of vaccinia into the host, the relationship between the sequence of virus development and the production of infectious particles, and the changes in the fine structure of the host cells. Experiments in which a very high multiplicity of infection was used revealed that vaccinia is phagocytized by L cells in less than 1 hour after being added to the culture, without any apparent loss of its outer limiting membranes. Regions of dense fibrous material, thought to be foci of presumptive virus multiplication, appear in the cytoplasm 2 hours after infection. A correlation between electron microscope studies and formation of infectious particles shows that although immature forms of the virus appear 4 hours after infection, infectious particles are produced 6 hours after infection of the culture, at the time when mature forms of vaccinia appear for the first time in thinly sectioned cells. Spread of the infection is gradual until eventually, after 24 hours, virus is being elaborated throughout the cytoplasm. Addition of vaccinia to monolayer cultures induced fusion of L cells and rapid formation of multinucleate giant forms. In both suspension and stationary cultures infected cells elaborate a variety of membranous structures not present in normal L cells. These take the form of tube-like lamellar and vesicular formations, or appear as complex reticular networks or as multi-laminar membranes within degenerating mitochondria.
Repercussões das atividades domésticas e de lazer no rendimento escolar dos adolescentes

Introducao: O rendimento escolar dos adolescentes e determinado por variaveis relacionadas com as atividades domesticas e de lazer. Objectivo: Identificar as variaveis relacionadas as atividades domesticas e de lazer que influenciam o rendimento escolar dos adolescentes. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, quantitativo, nao experimental, em corte transversal, descritivo e correlacional, explicativo e retrospectivo, realizado numa amostra nao probabilistica intencional por conveniencia, constituida por 380 adolescentes com uma media de idades de 13.5 anos (±1.56 dp). Resultados: Os adolescentes que colaboram com os familiares em atividades domesticas revelam melhor rendimento escolar (p=0,014). O rendimento escolar dos adolescentes e maior naqueles que ocupam menos de uma hora por dia em atividades de lazer, como no uso do computador (p=0,05), na visualizacao de videos (p=0,021), e no uso de jogos em PC ou em consola (p=0,011). Conclusao: As atividades domesticas influenciam positivamente o rendimento escolar dos adolescentes, enquanto as atividades de lazer como passar tempo a usar o computador, ver videos, jogar em computador e/ou em consola em tempos superiores a uma hora o influenciam negativamente.
Infrared spectroscopy around 4 mu m of Seyfert 2 galaxies: Obscured broad line regions and coronal lines

The state of the matter that is obscuring a small circumnuclear region in active galactic nuclei can be probed by ob- servations of its broad emission lines. Infrared lines are particularly useful since they penetrate significant columns of obscuring matter, the properties of which can be constrained by comparing infrared and X-ray obscuration. We report on new 4m spec- troscopy with ISAAC at the ESO VLT of a sample of 12 Seyfert 2 galaxies, probing for broad components to the Brackett 4.05m hydrogen recombination line. Broad components are observed in 3 to 4 objects. All objects with a broad component exhibit relatively low X-ray obscuring columns, and our results are consistent with a Galactic ratio of 4m obscuration to the BLR and X-ray column. In combination with observations of a non-Galactic ratio of visual obscuration of BLRs and X-ray obscuring column in Seyferts, and interpreted in a unified AGN scheme, this result can be reconciled with two interpretations. Either the properties of dust near the AGN are modified towards larger grains, for example through coagulation, in a way that significantly flattens the optical/IR extinction curve, or the ratio of dust obscuration to X-ray column varies for dierent viewing angles with respect to the axis of symmetry of the putative torus. Our spectra also provide a survey of emission in the (Si IX) 3.94m coronal line, finding variation by an order of magnitude in its ratio to Br. The first extragalactic detection of the (Ca VII) 4.09m and (Ca V) 4.16m coronal lines is reported in the spectrum of the Circinus galaxy.
Square Localization for Efficient and Accurate Object Detection

The key contribution of this paper is the compact square object localization, which relaxes the exhaustive sliding window from testing all windows of different combinations of aspect ratios. Square object localization is category scalable. By using a binary search strategy, the number of scales to test is further reduced empirically to only O(log(min{H, W})) rounds of sliding CNNs, where H and W are respectively the image height and width. In the training phase, square CNN models and object co-presence priors are learned. In the testing phase, sliding CNN models are applied which produces a set of response maps that can be effectively filtered by the learned co-presence prior to output the final bounding boxes for localizing an object. We performed extensive experimental evaluation on the VOC 2007 and 2012 datasets to demonstrate that while efficient, square localization can output precise bounding boxes to improve the final detection result.
The Validity of PPP Revisited: An Application of Non-linear Unit Root Test

To this end, the validity of purchasing power parity (PPP) remains a controversial issue, as empirical evidence is inconclusive. This study provides robust empirical evidence to support the view that negligence of non-linearity may be the culprit of these contrasting findings. This paper demonstrates that the non-linear unit root test proposed by Kapetanois et al. [Journal of Econometrics, 2003, 112, pp.359-379] is able to reject unit root in 4 out of 5 cases, implying that deviations of exchange rates is mean reverting towards the PPP equilibrium values from the non-linear perspective, whereas the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test fails in 4 out of 5 cases. Thus, previous conclusions of the invalidity of PPP may be due to misleading results from the ADF test, which has low power against non-linearity.
EEG Dominant Frequency Peak Differentiates Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

We investigated the power of EEG as biomarker in differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). EEG was recorded from 106 patients with AD or FTLD, of which 37 had a definite diagnosis, and 40 controls. Dominant frequency peaks were extracted for all 19 channels, for each subject. The average frequency of the largest dominant frequency peaks (maxpeak) was significantly lower in AD than FTLD patients and controls. Based on ROC analysis, classification could be made with diagnostic accuracy of 78.9%. Our findings show that quantitative analysis of EEG maxpeak frequency is an easy and useful measure for differential dementia diagnosis.
Human hair follicles contain two forms of ATP‐ sensitive potassium channels, only one of which is sensitive to minoxidil

Hair disorders cause psychological dis tress but are generally poorly controlled;more effective treatments are required. Despite the long‐standing use of minoxidil for balding, its mechanism is unclear; suggestions include action on vasculature or follicle cells. Similar drugs also stimulate hair, implicating ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. To investi gate whether KATP channels are present in human follicles, we used organ culture, molecular biological, and immunohistological approaches. Minoxidil and tol butamide, a KATP channel blocker, opposed each oth er's effects on the growing phase (anagen) of scalp follicles cultured in media with and without insulin. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction identi fied KATP channel component gene expression including regulatory sulfonylurea receptors (SUR) SUR1 and SUR2B but not SUR2A and pore‐forming subunits (Kir) Kir6.1 and Kir6.2. When hair bulb tissues were exam ined separately, epithelial matrix expressed SUR1 and Kir6.2, whereas both dermal papilla and sheath exhib ited SUR2B and Kir6.1. Immunohistochemistry demon strated similar protein distributions. Thus, human fol licles respond biologically to KATP channel regulators in culture and express genes and proteins for two KATPchannels, Kir6.2/SUR1 and Kir6.1/SUR2B;minoxidil only stimulates SUR2 channels. These findings indicate that human follicular dermal papillae contain KATPchannels that can respond to minoxidil and that tolbu tamide may suppress hair growth clinically; novel drugs designed specifically for these channels could treat hair disorders. — Shorter, K. , Farjo, N. P., Picksley, S. M. , Randall, V. A. Human hair follicles contain two forms of ATP‐sensitive potassium channels, only one of which is sensitive to minoxidil. FASEB J. 22, 1725–1736 (2008)
No 727 June 2006 Trade and Growth with Heterogeneous Firms

This paper explores the impact of trade on growth when firms are heterogeneous. We find that greater openness produces anti-and pro-growth effects. The Melitz-model selection effects raises the expected cost of introducing a new variety and this tends to slow the rate of new-variety introduction and hence growth. The pro-growth effect stems from the impact that freer trade has on the marginal cost of innovating. The balance of the two effects is ambiguous with the sign depending upon the exact nature of the innovation technology and its connection to international trade in goods and ideas. We consider five special cases (these include the Grossman-Helpman, the CoeHelpman and Rivera-Batiz-Romer models) two of which suggest that trade harms growth; the others predicting the opposite. JEL Classifications: H32, P16
Docking of protein models

An adequate description of entire genomes has to include information on the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of proteins. Most of these protein structures will be determined by high‐throughput modeling procedures. Thus, a structure‐based analysis of the network of protein–protein interactions in genomes requires docking methodologies that are capable of dealing with significant structural inaccuracies in the modeled structures of proteins. We present a systematic study of the applicability of our low‐resolution docking method to protein models of different accuracies. A representative nonredundant set of 475 cocrystallized protein–protein complexes was used to build an array of models of each protein in the set. A sophisticated procedure was created to generate the models with RMS deviations of 1, 2, 3, …, 10 Å from the crystal structure. The docking was performed for all the models, and the predictions were compared with the configurations of the original cocrystallized complexes. Statistical analysis showed that the low‐resolution docking can determine the gross structural features of protein–protein interactions for a significant percent of complexes of highly inaccurate protein models. Such predictions may serve as starting points for a more detailed structural analysis, as well as complement experimental and computational data on protein–protein interactions obtained by other techniques.