Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design-Space Exploration of Resource-Sharing Solutions for Custom Instruction Set Extensions

Customized processor performance generally increases as additional custom instructions are added. However, performance is not the only metric that modern systems must take into account; die area and energy efficiency are equally important. Resource sharing during synthesis of instruction set extensions (ISEs) can significantly reduce the die area and energy consumption of a customized processor. This may increase the number of custom instructions that can be synthesized with a given area budget. Resource sharing involves combining the graph representations of two or more ISEs which contain a similar subgraph. This coupling of multiple subgraphs, if performed naively, can increase the latency of the extension instructions considerably, and yet, as we show in this paper, an appropriate level of resource sharing provides a significantly simpler design with modest increases in average latency for ISEs. Our main contributions are the introduction of a parametric method for exploring the tradeoffs that can be achieved between instruction latency and implementation complexity, and the coupling of design-space exploration with fast area-delay models for the operators comprising each ISE. We present experimental evidence that our heuristic exposes a broad range of design points, allowing advantageous tradeoffs between die area and latency to be found and exploited.
A model‐based approach to analyze the influence of UGT2B15 polymorphism driven pharmacokinetic differences on the pharmacodynamic response of the PPAR agonist sipoglitazar

The pharmacokinetics of sipoglitazar, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor agonist, are subject to high inter‐individual variability resulting from a polymorphism of the UGT2B15 genotype. The aim of the current analysis was to apply a PK–PD model‐based approach to evaluate the influence of UGT2B15 driven pharmacokinetic differences on the clinical response. Efficacy and safety of sipoglitazar compared to placebo were assessed in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients in two Phase II randomized, double‐blind studies (sipoglitazar once daily: 8, 16, 32, or 64 mg; sipoglitazar twice daily: 16 or 32 mg; rosiglitazone 8 mg once daily and placebo for 13 weeks; n = 780). Changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels over time were described as a function of individual drug exposure using a simultaneous, cascading indirect response model structure. The effects on FPG and HbA1c could successfully be described for placebo, rosiglitazone, and sipoglitazar treated groups in all three UGT2B15 genotypes. Differences in drug effects between genotypes were fully explained by differences in drug exposure. The current PK–PD analysis confirms that UGT2B15 genotype is a major determinant for differences in FPG and HbA1c response to sipoglitazar treatment between Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients, due to related differences in drug exposure.
Approaching the Ground Truth: Revealing the Functional Organization of Human Multisensory STC Using Ultra-High Field fMRI

Integrating inputs across sensory systems is a property of the brain that is vitally important in everyday life. More than two decades of fMRI research have revealed crucial insights on multisensory processing, yet the multisensory operations at the neuronal level in humans have remained largely unknown. Understanding the fine-scale spatial organization of multisensory brain regions is fundamental to shed light on their neuronal operations. Monkey electrophysiology revealed that the bimodal superior temporal cortex (bSTC) is topographically organized according to the modality preference (visual, auditory, and bimodal) of its neurons. In line with invasive studies, a previous 3 Tesla fMRI study suggests that the human bSTC is also topographically organized according to modality preference (visual, auditory, and bimodal) when analyzed at 1.6 × 1.6 × 1.6 mm3 voxel resolution. However, it is still unclear whether this resolution is able to unveil an accurate spatial organization of the human bSTC. This issue was addressed in the present study by investigating the spatial organization of functional responses of the bSTC in 10 participants (from both sexes) at 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 mm3 and 1.1 × 1.1 × 1.1 mm3 using ultra-high field fMRI (at 7 Tesla). Relative to 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 mm3, the bSTC at 1.1 × 1.1 × 1.1 mm3 resolution was characterized by a larger selectivity for visual and auditory modalities, stronger integrative responses in bimodal voxels, and it was organized in more distinct functional clusters indicating a more precise separation of underlying neuronal clusters. Our findings indicate that increasing the spatial resolution may be necessary and sufficient to achieve a more accurate functional topography of human multisensory integration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The bimodal superior temporal cortex (bSTC) is a brain region that plays a crucial role in the integration of visual and auditory inputs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the fine-scale spatial organization of the bSTC by using ultra-high magnetic field fMRI at 7 Tesla. Mapping the functional topography of bSTC at a resolution of 1.1 × 1.1 × 1.1 mm3 revealed more accurate representations than at lower resolutions. This result indicates that standard-resolution fMRI may lead to wrong conclusions about the functional organization of the bSTC, whereas high spatial resolution is essential to more accurately approach neuronal operations of human multisensory integration.
The use of electronic communications in environmental health research.

Information on 23,567 Non-Hispanic White, 2,539 Black, and 2,380 Hispanic breast cancer cases diagnosed between 1977 and 1985 was used to evaluate the risk of late stage diagnosis and long duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis in relation to ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age and year of diagnosis. All data were collected by the University of Southern California Cancer Surveillance Program, the comprehensive population-based incidence registry of Los Angeles County. The results indicate that lower socioeconomic status, Black or Hispanic ethnicity, younger age, and earlier year of diagnosis are risk factors for late stage diagnosis and long duration of symptoms. The effect of ethnicity was not explained by lower SES levels among Black or Hispanic women. After controlling for duration of symptoms, race and SES remained significantly predictive of more advanced stage. More recent diagnosis across the 9 year time frame was not associated with improved stage for those of low SES. These results suggest that increased efforts are needed to reach low SES and Black and Hispanic women with campaigns to improve the stage at which breast cancer is detected.
The Role of Advice in Medication Administration Errors in the Pediatric Ambulatory Setting

Background: In the pediatric setting, adverse events occurring at the administration stage are the most common type of preventable adverse drug events. Few data are available on the effect of advice from medical professionals on medication safety. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 1685 pediatric patients, 6 office practices in the Boston area. Data were collected from parental interviews, review of duplicate prescriptions, and chart review. Incidents were stratified by type (medication error, near miss, or preventable adverse drug event) and stage of the medication process. Descriptive analysis was followed by a multivariable analysis to determine which factors influenced the occurrence of reported medication administration errors. Results: Advice from both office and pharmacy was assessed to be poor in quality and limited in provision. Health care providers most often failed to offer information. Fifty-seven percent of families who did not receive information were not presented with information, rather than refusing it. Multivariable analysis did not demonstrate that advice form or location reduced the rate of medication administration errors (errors occurring during delivery of the medication, usually in the home). However, taking more than 1 medication (odds ratio = 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-2.46) and age younger than 5 years (odds ratio = 2.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-5.28) were correlated with risk of a medication administration error. Conclusions: Inadequate advice was provided. The current approach for delivering advice does not prevent against medication administration errors. Those at highest risk of such errors are the youngest children and those on multiple medications.
Supersymmetry without a light Higgs boson at the CERN LHC

We analyze the LHC phenomenology of $\ensuremath{\lambda}\mathrm{SUSY}$\char22{}a version of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model with a large-ish $S{H}_{1}{H}_{2}$ coupling. The scalar spectrum of the model contains a 200\char21{}300 GeV Higgs boson $h$ with standard-model like properties, and heavy $CP$-even and $CP$-odd Higgs bosons $H$ and $A$ with masses in 500\char21{}800 GeV range. We study the discovery potential of $H$ and $A$ in the decay chains $H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}hh\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4V\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2l6j$ and $A\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Zh\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Z2V\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2l4j$. The dominant backgrounds are the diffuse $Z6j$ and $Z4j$ productions, which can be suppressed by demanding reconstruction of $V$'s and $h$'s in intermediate states. The excess of signal events allows for a discovery of both $H$ and $A$ with over $5\ensuremath{\sigma}$ significance for $100\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity.
Intention to Donate Blood among the Eligible Population in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia: Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

Introduction: Millions of lives are saved each year through blood transfusions. However, in most developing countries, including in Ethiopia people’s still die due to inadequate supply of blood and blood products. In addition, the intention of the adult population toward blood donation is poorly assessed in Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the intention and factors influencing to donate blood in Northern Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted among the dwellers of the Mekelle town from March 1 to 25/2010. Data were collected from 768 randomly selected individuals who were eligible for blood donation. Theory of planned Behavior model was employed. Chi-square test, Correlation and Hierarchical regression analysis were employed to measure association and identify predictor variables of the behavioral intention to donate blood. Result: The overall mean of participants’ intention to donate blood voluntarily over the next six months is below neutral, that is 2.74 with (SD ±1•012). Half of the respondents have a low knowledge about blood donation and majority (88%) did not have a history of blood donation. The variables explaining 12.7% of the variance of intention to donate blood were: knowledge (β = 0.277; P < 0•0001), subjective norm (β = 0.039; P < 0•0001), and attitude (β = 0.025; P < 0•0001). Conclusion: People’s intention to donate blood is low. Knowledge, attitude and subjective norms were main predictors of blood donation. Therefore, blood collectors should do periodic community sensitization to upgrade knowledge and create a positive attitude towards voluntary blood donation.
[Usefulness of the electrocardiogram in predicting the occlusion site in acute anterior myocardial infarction with isolated disease of the left anterior descending coronary artery].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES In acute anterior myocardial infarction (AMI), the site of occlusion in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is related to the extension of myocardial necrosis and the prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess the value of the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a predictor of the LAD occlusion site in patients with anterior AMI. METHODS Forty-five consecutive patients with a first anterior AMI and isolated disease of the LAD were included. We evaluated retrospectively the ECG with the most pronounced ST-segment changes before fibrinolysis and correlated the findings with the site of LAD occlusion in angiography before hospital discharge in relation to the first dominant septal and first diagonal branch: first septal affected (S), first diagonal affected (D), both affected (S + D), or neither affected were considered. RESULTS ST depression in leads II, III, or aVF strongly predicted proximal LAD occlusion in S + D, S, and D (p = 0,003, p = 0,04, and p = 0,02, respectively). ST elevation in leads II, III, or aVF was observed only in the presence of wrap-around LAD and was related with occlusion distal to the first diagonal branch. ST elevation > or = 3 mm in lead V1 was a specific predictor of occlusion proximal to first septal (S, p = 0,01). ST elevation in aVR was associated with proximal LAD occlusion in S + D and S (p = 0,03 and p = 0,03, respectively) and absence of coronary collateral circulation. CONCLUSIONS In anterior AMI and isolated LAD disease, the ECG can be useful in predicting the LAD occlusion site in relation to its major side branches.
Cold Still Kills: Cold-Related Illnesses In Military Practice Freezing And Non-Freezing Cold Injury

Despite being one of the oldest threats to life and limb, cold exposure and consequent disorders are no less important in modern military practice as they were during classical times. Indeed, the desire of clothing providers to over-sell incremental improvements in protection may lead them to build unrealistic expectations, for example, claiming that a new boot will make cold injury a thing of the past (1). If only these conditions were that simple to prevent.
Ingestion of ethanol just prior to sleep onset impairs memory for procedural but not declarative tasks.

STUDY OBJECTIVES The aim of Experiment 1 was to determine if moderate ethanol consumption at bedtime would result in memory loss for recently learned cognitive procedural and declarative tasks. The aim of Experiment 2 was to establish that the memory loss due to alcohol consumption at bedtime was due to the effect of alcohol on sleep states. DESIGN In Experiment 1, participants were asked to learn a cognitive procedural task and a declarative task in the evening. Then, either the same evening or 2 nights later, they were asked to drink ethanol (0.7g/kg). Sleep was monitored for 3 days and re-testing of the tasks was done on the eighth day after training at the same time of day. In Experiment 2, subjects were asked to learn a cognitive procedural task (Tower of Hanoi) and a motor procedural task (Pursuit Rotor) in the late afternoon. Then one group was asked to drink ethanol (0.9 g/kg) right after task acquisition (5 hours before bed), while the other was asked to drink the same dose of ethanol just prior to bedtime. Re-testing was done 8 days later at the same time of day. PARTICIPANTS Subjects in Experiment 1 were 15 college students between the ages of 19 and 24 that appeared to be in good health and were relatively naive in terms of drinking alcohol. Subjects in Experiment 2 were 13 college students in the same age range. These subjects were considered to be more experienced drinkers than subjects in Experiment 1 but were not judged to be heavy drinkers. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS In Experiment 1, the alcohol ingestion resulted in memory loss for the cognitive procedural task but not the declarative task. Further, the effect was seen when alcohol ingestion occurred the same day or 2 days after the end of acquisition. In Experiment 2, alcohol ingestion at bedtime impaired memory for the cognitive procedural and motor procedural tasks. By contrast, alcohol ingestion in the afternoon, immediately after the acquisition of these two tasks, did not impair memory. There were clear changes in the nature of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep as a result of evening alcohol ingestion. In Experiment 1, the number of REMs and number of minutes of REM in the first half of the night were reduced. In Experiment 2, the reduction was in REM densities in the first half of the night. CONCLUSIONS Moderate doses of ethanol can modify the REM sleep architecture by reducing the number of REMs and/or REM densities as well as minutes of REM sleep, particularly in the first half of the night. These modifications result in memory impairment for recently learned cognitive procedural material. Alcohol may also have a subtle effect on Stage 2 sleep as well, since memory for a Stage 2 sensitive motor procedural task was also impaired.
Social Competence of Secondary School Students in Shillong Town

Social competence is a broad term which emb race the social, emotional, cognitive and behavioural facets requisite for social adaptation. An individual who maintains good socio- emotional skills, self-efficacy and adaptive b ehaviour is referred to as socially competent. In the present study an attempt was made to find out the Social Competence of Secondary School students of Shillong Town. The differen ces between sex, community, age and type of management in Social competence and the relationship between soc ial competence and academic achievement was also be examined. The Social competence tool developed by V.P.Sharma, Prabha Shukla & Kiran Shukla was used in the study. The results revealed that no significant difference was found betwee n sex, community and age group. However, differences were found between students of deficit and private schools and govern ment and private schools. No significant relationship w as found
Effect of experimentally induced knee pain on standing balance in healthy older individuals.

OBJECTIVE Standing balance is impaired in older individuals with knee pain. The extent to which this impairment is due to the effects of pain itself or other pathophysiological aspects related to the underlying musculoskeletal condition causing the pain is unclear. To isolate the influence of pain, this study evaluated the effect of experimentally induced knee pain on standing balance in healthy older individuals. METHODS We used a repeated-measures, within-subject design involving 12 healthy individuals aged 50-60 yr and with no history of knee pathology. Balance was tested during two randomly allocated experimental conditions: (i) control and (ii) knee pain induced by injection of hypertonic saline into the infrapatellar fat pad. Balance was measured using a computerized force platform under static and dynamic conditions as well as via the functional step test. RESULTS Standing balance was not significantly altered by experimentally induced acute knee pain, nor was there any relationship between the severity of reported pain and balance scores. CONCLUSIONS Impairments in balance associated with knee conditions such as osteoarthritis may be due to factors other than the sensation of pain. Thus, strategies designed to reduce pain in treatment of knee pathology may not necessarily lead to improvements in balance. Further research is required to determine the exact causes of balance impairment in individuals with knee joint pain and pathology.
Water and Glycerol Permeabilities of Aquaporins 1–5 and MIP Determined Quantitatively by Expression of Epitope-tagged Constructs inXenopus Oocytes*

The goal of this study was to compare single channel water and glycerol permeabilities of mammalian aquaporins (AQP) 1–5 and the major intrinsic protein of lens fiber (MIP). Each of the six cloned cDNAs from rat was left untagged or was epitope-tagged with c-Myc or FLAG at either the N or C terminus so that results would not depend on epitope identity or location. The constructs were expressed in Xenopus oocytes for measurement of osmotic water permeability (P f ), [3H]glycerol uptake, and protein expression. Each of the 30 epitope-tagged constructs was expressed strongly at the oocyte plasma membrane. The 10-min uptake of [3H]glycerol was increased significantly (range of 4.5–8-fold over control) in oocytes expressing untagged AQP3 (GLIP) and each of the four tagged AQP3 constructs; [3H]glycerol uptake was not increased in oocytes expressing AQP1, AQP2, AQP4, AQP5, or MIP. In oocytes microinjected with 5 ng of cRNA, average P f values (in cm/s × 10−3) were 0.67 ± 0.06 (control), 19 ± 2 (AQP1), 10 ± 1 (AQP2), 8 ± 2 (AQP3), 29 ± 1 (AQP4), 10 ± 1 (AQP5), and 1.3 ± 0.2 (MIP), and they were relatively insensitive to the presence, identity, or location of the epitope tag. P f values were not affected by protein kinase A or C activation. After normalization for plasma membrane expression by immunoprecipitation of microdissected plasma membranes, single channel water permeabilities (p f , referenced to the AQP1 p f of 6 × 10−14cm3/s) were (in cm3/s × 10−14) 3.3 ± 0.2 (AQP2), 2.1 ± 0.3 (AQP3), 24 ± 0.6 (AQP4), 5.0 ± 0.4 (AQP5), and 0.25 ± 0.05 (MIP); p f values were insensitive to epitope identity and location. These results indicate very different intrinsic water permeabilities for the mammalian aquaporin homologs, with thep f value for AQP4 remarkably higher than those for the others. The p f values establish limits on aquaporin tissue densities required for physiological function and suggest significant structural and functional differences among the aquaporins.
Regulatory T Cells Dynamically Regulate Selectin Ligand Function during Multiple Challenge Contact Hypersensitivity

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play critical roles in restricting T cell–mediated inflammation. In the skin, this is dependent on expression of selectin ligands required for leukocyte rolling in dermal microvessels. However, whether there are differences in the molecules used by Tregs and proinflammatory T cells to undergo rolling in the skin remains unclear. In this study, we used spinning disk confocal microscopy in Foxp3-GFP mice to visualize rolling of endogenous Tregs in dermal postcapillary venules. Tregs underwent consistent but low-frequency rolling interactions under resting and inflamed conditions. At the early stage of the response, Treg adhesion was minimal. However, at the peak of inflammation, Tregs made up 40% of the adherent CD4+ T cell population. In a multiple challenge model of contact hypersensitivity, rolling of Tregs and conventional CD4+ T cells was mostly dependent on overlapping contributions of P- and E-selectin. However, after a second challenge, rolling of Tregs but not conventional CD4+ T cells became P-selectin independent, and Tregs showed reduced capacity to bind P-selectin. Moreover, inhibition of E-selectin at this time point resulted in exacerbation of inflammation. These findings demonstrate that in this multiple challenge model of inflammation, Treg selectin binding capacity and the molecular basis of Treg rolling can be regulated dynamically.
The College Recreational Sports Learning Environment

To show the need for continued financial support, align with universities' missions of student learning, and improve the lives of participants, college recreational sport (CRS) professionals must demonstrate that CRS programs, facilities, and services cause growth in student learning. This study measured sport club out-of-classroom learning in an effort to begin measuring the impact of all CRS areas on student learning. It was hypothesized that sport club participants make gains in life skills, diversity, social interactions, communication, character, leadership, and self-beliefs as a result of their participation. A proxy-pretest posttest design administered to sport club participants measured this hypothesis. Significance testing showed significant differences between participants' ratings of their skills and abilities before and after participation. The implications of these findings for the justification and expansion of CRS funding, the future measurement of learning outcomes in CRS, and the alignment of CRS with the missions of higher education are discussed.