Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fever management: paediatric nurses' knowledge, attitudes and influencing factors.

AIMS This paper describes Australian paediatric nurses' knowledge of and attitudes toward fever and its management and the predictors of their intentions to administer paracetamol to a febrile child. BACKGROUND Despite evidence-based support for the beneficial effects of fever over the past three decades, health professionals' negative attitudes toward fever and their reliance on antipyretics to reduce it have persisted and continue to be reported in the literature. METHODS A self-report questionnaire was used. An instrument was developed, piloted by test-retest and revised prior to data collection. Fifty-one paediatric nurses working in medical wards of a metropolitan paediatric hospital in Australia participated. RESULTS Nurses' mean knowledge score about the physiology of fever, general fever management and antipyretics was 62%, which was not as high as expected. Participants reported positive attitudes toward the benefits of fever, the necessity for its reduction in children with pre-existing cardiac or respiratory conditions and towards regular antipyretic administration masking the infective process. Negative attitudes included disbelief that temperature is often unrelated to illness severity. Conflicting attitudes toward febrile convulsions were highlighted by beliefs that antipyretic therapy prevents these and that antipyretics do not prevent initial febrile convulsions. Predictors of intentions to administer paracetamol were beliefs about the effectiveness of paracetamol and nurses' beliefs about the expectations of others in relation to paracetamol administration. Nurses reported strong intentions to administer paracetamol to the next febrile child they cared for. Limitations of the study include the use of a nurse manager for recruitment and collecting the data at only one site. CONCLUSIONS Fever management is an integral aspect of paediatric nursing. For its consistent rational management, nurses must have appropriate knowledge and positive attitudes. This highlights the need for continuing education in fever management.
Danish State policy on the teaching of religion from 1900 to 2007

The author presents an analysis of the political decision making process regarding the teaching of religion in Denmark from 1900 until 2007. The author uses Norbert Elias’s concept of the survival unit as the analytical framework of the study. Instead of a classic secularization narrative in which the secular and religious spheres of society are differentiated into separate realms as the process of modernization unfolds, a different narrative emerges in which the State has used the teaching of religion as an instrument to further its vital interests, especially with regard to its international relations.
Multi-scale-and-depth convolutional neural network for remote sensed imagery pan-sharpening

Pan-sharpening is a fundamental and significant task in the field of remote sensed imagery fusion, which demands fusion of panchromatic and multi-spectral images with the rich information accurately preserved in both spatial and spectral domains. In this paper, to overcome the drawbacks of traditional pan-sharpening methodologies, we employed the advanced concept of deep learning to propose a Multi-Scale-and-Depth Convolutional Neural Network (MSDCNN) as an end-to-end pan-sharpening model. By the results of a large number of quantitative and visual assessments, the qualities of images fused by the proposed network have been confirmed superior to compared state-of-the-art methods.
Biases in Decision Making and Implications for Human Resource Development

The problem and the solution. Effectively solving problems is a common goal for individuals and organizations, and successful problem solving is dependent on the quality of decisions made along the way. Making decisions to diagnose and direct organizational performance improvement efforts is a continual task throughout the human resource development (HRD) process. However, evidence shows that there is a large gap between theory and practice in effective decision making. In practice, the decision-making process is heavily influenced by the assumptions and biases of the decision makers. This article describes decision-making processes and the many sources of bias that confound decision makers in their attempts to solve problems. Furthermore, it describes the implications of these biases for HRD professionals and suggests ways to minimize the influence of biases in the decision-making process. Attending to the pitfalls of decision-making biases is crucial to improving the success of decisions that drive HRD professionals' efforts.
Relational Self-Regulation: Gender Differences in Risk for Dysphoria

This study examined gender differences in the level and psychological significance of discrepancy with own ideal standards versus ideal standards held by parents and close others. Women showed higher levels of discrepancy with their own ideal standards than with the inferred ideal standards of parents and close others, suggesting that women may seek congruency with others' hopes and wishes at the price of failing to attain their own aspirations. Men showed equal levels of discrepancy with their own and significant-other ideal standards. Discrepancy with own ideal standards was associated with increased dysphoria in both men and women, but discrepancy with others' ideal standards was associated with significantly elevated levels of dysphoria only in women. Beliefs that failing to meet others' standards would result in abandonment and rejection (self-other contingency beliefs) contributed independently from discrepancy in predicting dysphoria. These findings suggest that the tendency to modulate affect, self-esteem and behaviour from a relational perspective (relational self-regulation) may increase risk for psychological distress. Women may be more likely to adopt this regulatory style as a function of their socialization experiences.
Psychological approaches to treatment of postconcussion syndrome: a systematic review

Background and aim Postconcussion syndrome (PCS) is a term used to describe the complex, and controversial, constellation of physical, cognitive and emotional symptoms associated with mild brain injury. At the current time, there is a lack of clear, evidence-based treatment strategies. In this systematic review, the authors aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and other psychological treatments in postconcussion symptoms. Methods Four electronic databases were searched up to November 2008 for studies of psychological approaches to treatment or prevention of postconcussion syndrome or symptoms. Results The search identified 7763 citations, and 42 studies were included. This paper reports the results of 17 randomised controlled trials for psychological interventions which fell into four categories: CBT for PCS or specific PCS symptoms; information, reassurance and education; rehabilitation with a psychotherapeutic element and mindfulness/relaxation. Due to heterogeneity of methodology and outcome measures, a meta-analysis was not possible. The largest limitation to our findings was the lack of high-quality studies. Conclusion There was evidence that CBT may be effective in the treatment of PCS. Information, education and reassurance alone may not be as beneficial as previously thought. There was limited evidence that multifaceted rehabilitation programmes that include a psychotherapeutic element or mindfulness/relaxation benefit those with persisting symptoms. Further, more rigorous trials of CBT for postconcussion symptoms are required.
Moral Identity as a Lens for Interpreting Honesty of Indirect Leaders

This study extends the moral identity literature to show how followers' moral identity acts as a perceptual filter of leaders' honesty. Participants witnessed political leaders either lying or telling the truth in an experiment. Followers were more satisfied with honest leaders, and this effect was moderated by followers' moral identity: the more central morality was to followers' self-identity, the more negatively they rated leaders who lied. In contrast, moral identity was unrelated to satisfaction with the leaders who told the truth. The finding contributes to the moral identity literature by showing how moral identity acts as a perceptual filter that heightens awareness of the situation. It has implications for the leader integrity and more general leadership literature by indicating that follower characteristics are important antecedents to perceptions. Contrary to expectations, no similar moderating impact of value congruence with the leader was found.
A reconfigurable perfect-hashing scheme for packet inspection

In this paper, we consider scanning and analyzing packets in order to detect hazardous contents using pattern matching. We introduce a hardware perfect-hashing technique to access the memory that contains the matching patterns. A subsequent simple comparison between incoming data and memory output determines the match. We implement our scheme in reconfigurable hardware and show that we can achieve a throughput between 1.7 and 5.7 Gbps requiring only a few tens of FPGA memory blocks and 0.30 to 0.57 logic cells per matching character. We also show that our designs achieve at least 30% better efficiency compared to previous work, measured in throughput per area required per matching character.
Relationships between the neighborhood environment and depression in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background: While depression is a growing public health issue, the percentage of individuals with depression receiving treatment is low. Physical and social attributes of the neighborhood may influence the level of depressive symptoms and the prevalence of depression in older adults. Methods: This review systematically examined the literature on neighborhood environmental correlates of depression in older adults. Findings were analyzed according to three depression outcomes: depressive symptoms, possible depression, and clinical depression. Based on their description in the article, environmental variables were assigned to one of 25 categories. The strength of evidence was statistically quantified using a meta-analytical approach with articles weighted for sample size and study quality. Findings were summarized by the number of positive, negative, and statistically non-significant associations by each combination of environmental attribute – depression outcome and by combining all depression outcomes. Results: Seventy-three articles met the selection criteria. For all depression outcomes combined, 12 of the 25 environmental attribute categories were considered to be sufficiently studied. Three of these, neighborhood socio-economic status, collective efficacy, and personal/crime-related safety were negatively associated with all depression outcomes combined. Moderating effects on associations were sparsely investigated, with 52 articles not examining any. Attributes of the physical neighborhood environment have been understudied. Conclusion: This review provides support for the potential influence of some neighborhood attributes on population levels of depression. However, further research is needed to adequately examine physical attributes associated with depression and moderators of both social and physical neighborhood environment attribute – depression outcome associations.
Trauma Prevalence and Somatoform Symptoms: Are There Specific Somatoform Symptoms Related to Traumatic Experiences?

There is still insufficient knowledge on the subject of possibly specific patterns of somatoform symptoms related to sexual or nonsexual traumatizations. Using standardized questionnaires, a sample of 892 patients consecutively admitted to a psychotherapy outpatient clinic were evaluated for psychological symptoms in general, for somatoform symptoms and for history of traumatizations. Any severe lifetime trauma was reported in 67.8% of the total sample. Somatoform symptoms were notably more prevalent in traumatized patients when compared with nontraumatized patients. Descriptive data analysis revealed specific elevations of symptom frequencies for pseudoneurological symptoms and for symptoms associated with discomfort or dysfunction in sexual organs.
Adrenalin-induced Na+/H+ exchange in trout erythrocytes and its effects upon oxygen-carrying capacity

Addition of adrenalin (10 −4 moll −1 ) to trout erythrocytes in an unbuffered saline resulted in a rapid acidification of the extracellular medium. This process was inhibited by amiloride ( K½ 10 −4 moll −1 ) and by the removal of extracellular Na + . The rate of acidification was a saturable function of extracellular Na + concentration. When extracellular pH was maintained constant by continual titration with KOH, adrenalin induced a transient burst of H + efflux. During this period the loss of cellular H + equivalents was approximately equal to the net gain of Na + , providing evidence for a Na + /H + exchange with a stoichiometry of 1. The steady state following stimulation with adrenalin could be disturbed by changes in extracellular pH. After the addition of adrenalin, intracellular pH (pH i ) was increased by 0.2-0.3 units but did not exceed extracellular pH, as required if the Na + and H + concentration ratios came into equilibrium. The increase in pH i in stimulated compared with control cells was maintained approximately constant over a wide range of pH o , suggesting that pH equilibration by the Jacob-Stewart cycle was operating normally and that the activation of Na + /H + exchange provides an offset to the normal relationship between pH i and pH o . The steady state results from a balance of an increase Na + /H + and CI − /HCO 3 − exchange with an increased rate of Na + pumping and next KCl efflux. In a buffered saline, adrenalin caused a 22–46% increase in the oxygen-carrying capacity of trout erythrocytes. It is suggested that this was due to a Root effect of trout haemoglobin caused by cellular alkalinization when the Na + /H + exchange mechanism was activiated. This observation suggests that many published values for oxygencarrying capacity of fish blood require re-evaluation.
Ensuring Standards in Social Work Research

The strength of a profession derives from its knowledge base. Researchers in medicine, engineering, and business have amassed a critical body of empirically tested knowledge that empowers their practitioners. The development of a knowledge base requires social institutions that encourage and reward research. One of the most critical institutions for the development of knowledge is a profession’s peer review journals. The journals allow the profession to accurately and fairly assess the quality and importance of research occurring within the profession. The concept of peer review ensures researchers that editorial board members who have demonstrated the knowledge and background necessary to understand the complexities of submitted work are judging their work. Pardeck and Meinert’s findings raise doubts about the adequacy of the peer-review process for the profession’s main journal, Social Work. The author argues that the problem is even wider, affecting appointments to the Encyclopedia, endowed chairs, and more.
Different Provocations Trigger Aggression in Narcissists and Psychopaths

Although previous research has demonstrated that ego-threatened narcissists react aggressively, no allowance was made for the overlap of subclinical narcissism with subclinical psychopathy. Nor is there research directly comparing the reactions of these two personalities to physical threat. To investigate these distinctions, the present study examined the degree to which narcissists and psychopaths respond with aggression to ego threat versus physical provocation. Participants were given the opportunity to aggress with a white noise blast against an ostensible partner who had provoked them. Results replicated previous findings that narcissists aggress in response to ego threat provocation (a personal insult), even when overlap with psychopathy is controlled. By contrast, psychopathy emerged as the unique predictor of aggression in response to physical provocation (a gratuitous blast of loud white noise). The results point to qualitatively different aggression mechanisms underlying narcissistic and psychopathic aggression.
Two Investigations of the Relationships among Group Goals, Goal Commitment, Cohesion, and Performance

Abstract This paper presents two studies exploring the operation of group cohesion and goal processes (difficulty and commitment) on group performance. The results from the first study, using a sample of college students in naturally occurring groups, revealed significant relationships among these variables and suggested that goals are the more immediate determinants of performance, mediating the effects of cohesion on performance. The second study employed a different design and task to address some limitations of the first study and to replicate those findings. The results from the second study were highly consistent with the first. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Choosing and using multiple traits in functional diversity research

SUMMARY Species are different, but they are not equally different. Yet many indices of biodiversity assume species vary to identical degrees. This notion does not meet with intuition: some species vary greatly in terms of their morphology, behaviour and ecology, while others vary only a little. One way to reconcile the dissimilarity between species is by collecting information on their functional traits (FTs), descriptors of how organisms interact with their environment and each other. Functional diversity (FD) is the total variation in one or more FTs across all species within a community, and provides a powerful complement to species diversity. There are several challenges facing the application of FD to conservation science, including lack of rigorous trait data for many organisms, and sparse details on how to select available traits to generate meaningful inferences for the various summary metrics of FD. This Comment provides a brief discussion on choosing and using FTs, and recommendations for best practice. Ultimately, researchers need to consider using a variety of traits when hypotheses are multifaceted or could potentially evolve, at the same time thinking critically about trait selection to avoid redundant information.
What's Wrong With Performance Appraisals? A Critique and A Suggestion

Keith Grint, who is a Fellow in Organizational Behaviour at Templeton College, Oxford, offers a critical evaluation of performance appraisal systems. He argues that the traditional criticism of appraisals – their subjectivity – leads to a fruitless search for ever more objective appraisal criteria that are illusory. the consequence need not be that appraisals should be abandoned but they should be treated much more sceptically and reflexively. In particular, he suggests, there are strong arguments for supplementing traditional downward appraisals of subordinates with upward appraisals of superordinates.
Predicting Remaining Life of Mechanical Systems

A diverse set of challenges faces government and industry for life-cycle maintenance of aging equipment. Advancements in sensor and computer technologies are making it feasible to install sensors and small powerful computers on complex equipment to monitor the general condition or state (i.e., health) of that equipment. Methods for analyzing system status and health and for predicting system life expectancy need to be made more powerful, insightful, reliable, and robust for data collected onboard systems in real time. This paper reports on a project that is developing robust analytic methods for predicting remaining life of mechanical systems. The project is focused specifically on the investigation of a generalized statistical method for characterizing and predicting system degradation.
The Violent Practices of Youth Territorial Groups in Moscow

Abstract This article analyses the violent practices of youth territorial groups in Moscow. These groups exist on the city periphery and mainly involve young people (most of them male), who are not well integrated into society through the schooling system. Rather than simply depending on violence as a survival tool within the dangerous and uncertain space of the streets, or as an instrument for crime, the members of these groups use their collective mastery of it as proof of elite status, in accordance with cultural prescriptions drawn from deep historical traditions.
Similarity, interactive activation, and mapping

The question of «What makes things seem similar? » is important both for the pivotal role of similarity in theories of cognition and for an intrinsic interest in how people make comparisons. Similarity frequentIy involves more than listing the features of the things to be compared and comparing the lists for overlap. Often, the parts of one thing must be aligned or placed in correspondence with the parts of the other. The quantitative model with the best overall fit to human data assumes an interactive activation process whereby correspondences between the parts of compared things mutually and concurrently influence each other. An essential aspect of this model is that matching and mismatching features influence similarity more if they belong to parts that are placed in correspondence. In turn, parts are placed in correspondence if they have many features in common and if they are consistent with developing correspondences
Enhancing relationship value between manufacturers and distributors through personal interaction : evidence from Vietnam

Purpose – Realizing the importance of personal interaction in business relationships between manufacturers and distributors, this study aims to explore the role of personal interaction in relationship value, and subsequently in distributor performance, in a transition market, Vietnam.Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 472 distributors in the south of Vietnam was surveyed to test the theoretical model. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.Findings – It was found that personal interaction drives product support, information support, and delivery performance perceived by distributors. In addition, product support, information support, and delivery performance are key factors that nurture the value of relationships between manufacturers and distributors. Finally, relationship value is a determinant of distributor performance.Research limitations/implications – A key limitation of this study is the heavy reliance on the hypothetico‐deductive approach. Business relationships of firms.
Investigating upper bounds on network lifetime extension for cell-based energy conservation techniques in stationary ad hoc networks

Cooperative cell-based strategies have been recently proposed as a technique for extending the lifetime of wireless ad hoc networks, while only slightly impacting network performance. The effectiveness of this approach depends heavily on the node density: the higher it is, the more consistent energy savings can potentially be achieved. However, no general analyses of network lifetime have been done either for a base network (one without any energy conservation technique) or for one using cooperative energy conservation strategies. In this paper, we investigate the lifetime/density tradeoff under the hypothesis that nodes are distributed uniformly at random in a given region, and that the traffic is evenly distributed across the network. We also analyze the case where the node density is just sufficient to ensure that the network is connected with high probability. This analysis, which is supported by the results of extensive simulations, shows that even in this low density scenario, cell-based strategies can significantly extend network lifetime.