Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sexual health during pregnancy and the postpartum.

INTRODUCTION Pregnancy and childbirth is a special period in a woman's life, which involves significant physical, hormonal, psychological, social, and cultural changes that may influence her own sexuality as well as the health of a couple's sexual relationship. AIM To comprehensively review the literature on the effects of pregnancy and the postpartum period on a couple's sexual health and well-being. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Evidence from the published literature of the impact of pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period on sexual function. METHODS Medline and PubMed search for relevant publications on the effects of pregnancy and childbirth on sexual health and function, with particular focus on the physical, hormonal, psychological, social, and cultural changes that may occur during the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum period. RESULTS Despite fears and myths about sexual activity during pregnancy, maintaining a couple's sexual interactions throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period can promote sexual health and well-being and a greater depth of intimacy. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians must seek to engage in an open discussion and provide anticipatory guidance for the couple on expected changes in sexual health as well as promote the design of rigorous, evidence-based studies to further elucidate our understanding of sexual function during pregnancy and the postpartum.
“How European am I?”: Prejudice Expression and the Presentation of Social Identity

We propose that the expression of prejudice may be used for publicly validating a social identity. This assumption was investigated in a Greek political context. Prejudice toward the Turks is strongly associated to Greek identity but is contrary to the norms of tolerance associated with European identity. Hence, expressing this attitude in front of a European audience may conflict with many Greeks' desire to be viewed as fully European by other members of the European Union. It was therefore predicted that Greeks who strongly identified with Europe would refrain from publicly expressing negative attitudes toward the Turks when they addressed prototypical Europeans, but not when their answers were private or when they addressed other Greeks. In order to test this hypothesis, the impact of personal identifiability, identification with Europe and the audience's group membership (western European, Greek) on the expression of prejudice toward the Turks was examined among Greek students (n =118). Results were generally consistent with predictions. Unexpectedly, however, identification with Europe was positively related to the expression of prejudice when participants expected to be identifiable to a Greek audience.
Cytomegalovirus‐Associated CD4+CD28null Cells in NKG2D‐Dependent Glomerular Endothelial Injury and Kidney Allograft Dysfunction

Emerging data suggest that expansion of a circulating population of atypical, cytotoxic CD4+ T cells lacking costimulatory CD28 (CD4+CD28null cells) is associated with latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The purpose of the current study was to increase the understanding of the relevance of these cells in 100 unselected kidney transplant recipients followed prospectively for a median of 54 months. Multicolor flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells before transplantation and serially posttransplantation was undertaken. CD4+CD28null cells were found predominantly in CMV‐seropositive patients and expanded in the posttransplantation period. These cells were predominantly effector‐memory phenotype and expressed markers of endothelial homing (CX3CR1) and cytotoxicity (NKG2D and perforin). Isolated CD4+CD27−CD28null cells proliferated in response to peripheral blood mononuclear cells previously exposed to CMV‐derived (but not HLA‐derived) antigens and following such priming incubation with glomerular endothelium resulted in signs of endothelial damage and apoptosis (release of fractalkine and von Willebrand factor; increased caspase 3 expression). This effect was mitigated by NKG2D‐blocking antibody. Increased CD4+CD28null cell frequencies were associated with delayed graft function and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate at end follow‐up. This study suggests an important role for this atypical cytotoxic CD4+CD28null cell subset in kidney transplantation and points to strategies that may minimize the impact on clinical outcomes.
Digital media production and identity: Insights from a psychological perspective

The unprecedented opportunities for production and collaborative working supported by Web 2.0 technology offer immense potential for active knowledge creation. Research to date has mostly explored the demographic factors that influence production but we argue here that a more detailed understanding of the psychological determinants of online content creation is required if the potential of Web 2.0 is to be maximised. This paper outlines a psychologically driven discussion of the similarities and differences between online and offline contexts and factors that influence online content creation and identity. It demonstrates why a nuanced understanding of the factors that determine not only who produces online content, but what, how and why it is produced is essential to fully appreciate the complexity of the relationship between production and identity. We discuss how situational aspects of the online context and dispositional characteristics of users interact to determine production behaviour and highlight the importance of curation as a key skill for effective content creation and identity management. A number of challenges concerning the lack of co-presence, immediacy and durability and the importance of considering the intended audience and individual differences in practices and preferences concerning privacy are identified and we demonstrate how consideration of the psychological factors that influence online content production and identity creation can inform policy and practice concerning digital inclusion and web safety.
Influence of penetration enhancers on topical delivery of 5‐aminolevulinic acid from bioadhesive patches

Objectives The inclusion of chemical penetration enhancers in a novel patch‐based system for the delivery of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was examined in vitro and in vivo. Poor penetration of ALA has been implicated as the primary factor for low response rates achieved with topical ALA‐based photodynamic therapy of thicker neoplastic lesions, such as nodular basal cell carcinomas.
Automatic Prediction of Parser Accuracy

Statistical parsers have become increasingly accurate, to the point where they are useful in many natural language applications. However, estimating parsing accuracy on a wide variety of domains and genres is still a challenge in the absence of gold-standard parse trees. In this paper, we propose a technique that automatically takes into account certain characteristics of the domains of interest, and accurately predicts parser performance on data from these new domains. As a result, we have a cheap (no annotation involved) and effective recipe for measuring the performance of a statistical parser on any given domain.
Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an ethnically diverse HIV type 1-infected cohort.

BACKGROUND It is estimated that 10%-25% of patients who start highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) experience immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Our objective was to determine the incidence, clinical spectrum, and predictors of IRIS in an ethnically diverse cohort of patients initiating HAART. METHODS A retrospective study of all patients starting HAART between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2002 at a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinic in London was performed. All laboratory measurements and data on antiretroviral therapies were obtained from the clinic database. Medical records were reviewed to identify clinical events consistent with IRIS during the 6 months after HAART was initiated. RESULTS A total of 199 patients were included, of whom 50.8% were male, 59.3% were black African, 29.1% were white, and 10.5% were black Caribbean. The median baseline CD4 cell count and HIV RNA load were 174x10(6) cells/L (interquartile range [IQR], 82-285x10(6) cells/L) and 37,830 copies/mL (IQR, 4809-149,653 copies/mL), respectively. Forty-four patients (22.7%) experienced an IRIS event at a median of 12 weeks after HAART initiation (IQR, 4-24 weeks after initiation); 22 events (50%) involved genital herpes, 10 (23%) involved genital warts, 4 (9.0%) involved molluscum contagiosum, and 4 (9.0%) involved varicella zoster virus infection. Five patients had mycobacterial infections, 4 had hepatitis B, 1 had Pneumocystis jirovecci infection, and 1 had Kaposi sarcoma. The strongest independent predictors of IRIS were younger age at initiation of HAART (P=.003), baseline CD4 cell percentage of <10% (odds ratio [OR], 2.97; IQR, 1.17-7.55) compared with >15%, and ratio of CD4 cell percentage to CD8 cell percentage of <0.15 (OR, 3.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-9.1) compared with >0.3. CONCLUSIONS Approximately one-quarter of patients who start HAART experience an IRIS event. The majority are dermatological, in particular genital herpes and warts. Patients with advanced immunodeficiency at HAART initiation are at greatest risk of developing IRIS and should be appropriately screened and monitored.
New Insights into the Mechanisms of Fertilization: Comparison of the Fertilization Steps, Composition, and Structure of the Zona Pellucida Between Horses and Pigs1

The mechanism of fertilization remains largely enigmatic in mammals. Most studies exploring the molecular mechanism underlying fertilization have been restricted to a single species, generally the mouse, without a comparative approach. However, the identification of divergences between species could allow us to highlight key components in the mechanism of fertilization. In the pig, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and polyspermy rates are high, and spermatozoa penetrate easily through the zona pellucida (ZP). In contrast, IVF rates are low in the horse, and polyspermy is scarce. Our objective was to develop a comparative strategy between these two divergent models. First, we compared the role of equine and porcine gametes in the following five functions using intraspecific and interspecific IVF: ZP binding, acrosome reaction, penetration through the ZP, gamete fusion, and pronucleus formation. Under in vitro conditions, we showed that the ZP is a determining element in sperm-ZP attachment and penetration, whereas the capacity of the spermatozoa is of less importance. In contrast, the capacity of the spermatozoa is a key component of the acrosome reaction step. Second, we compared the composition and structure of the equine and porcine ZP. We observed differences in the number and localization of the ZP glycoproteins and in the mesh-like structure of the ZP between equine and porcine species. These differences might correlate with the differences in spermatozoal attachment and penetration rates. In conclusion, our comparative approach allows us to identify determining elements in the mechanism of fertilization.
Seasonal colonization and decomposition of rat carrion in water and on land in an open field in South Carolina.

Decomposition and insect colonization of rat, Rattus rattus L. , carrion on land and in water were compared during summer and winter in a plowed field in northwestern South Carolina. During winter, carcasses on land reached the dried-remains stage of decomposition, whereas carcasses in water reached the early-floating stage. During summer, carcasses in both habitats entered the final-remains stage of decomposition in 1-2 wk. Fewer than 30 species of carrion insects were recorded from the carcasses over the duration of the study, probably reflecting the small size of the carcasses and the depauperate fauna of the habitat. Three species of blow flies--Cynomyopsis cadaverina (Robineau-Desvoidy), Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, and Lucilia illustris (Meigen)--colonized carrion on land during winter, but no insects colonized carrion in water during winter. Two species of blow flies, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.) and Phaenicia sericata (Meigen), and 1 species of flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata Parker, colonized the carrion on land and in water during summer; the blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen), colonized only the carrion on land. This study demonstrated seasonal variation in decomposition and colonization patterns of carrion in contrasting habitats, with important implications for forensic entomology.
Clinical Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Small-cell Lung Cancer

Background This study investigated the correlation of the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with clinical characteristics, and the predictive value of CTCs for progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods Samples were obtained from 42 patients with SCLC before and after the first cycle of chemotherapy. CTCs were quantitated by negative immunomagnetic enrichment and immunocytochemistry using anti-CD45 and anti-pancytokeratin antibodies. Results CTCs were positive (≥2) in 76.19% of patients with SCLC and negative in the control group. The presence of CTCs was positively correlated with 6 clinical characteristics. PFS was 6.055 and 10.670 months for patients with ≥2 and <2 CTCs/7.5 mL of blood before chemotherapy; after chemotherapy PFS was 4.862 and 10.535 months, respectively. Conclusions This study showed that both baseline CTC numbers and the change in CTC numbers after 1 cycle of chemotherapy are significant prognostic factors of PFS for SCLC.
Cytohistologic Correlation in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women

Objective: This study was conducted to compare the correlation between Pap smear and colposcopic biopsy findings in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Study design: A total of 68,738 ThinPrep Pap smears were done in 2011 in our institution, and of these, 865 of the women (787 premenopausal and 78 postmenopausal) had subsequent colposcopic directed biopsies performed within 3 months of obtaining the results. Results: We discovered that 52.5% of the Pap smears in postmenopausal women versus 33.6% in premenopausal women were classified as false positive (FP), with respect to the biopsy, and of these, 47.6 vs. 17% cases had no transformation zone (TZ) on the subsequent biopsies, respectively. Interestingly, with respect to high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) testing in patients having both Pap smear and biopsies performed, we found the Pap smear diagnoses were a better predictor of positive hrHPV than the respective colposcopic biopsies. Conclusion: As many of the FP postmenopausal women had an absent TZ (47.6%) on biopsy, and because the majority (83.3%) of those which had hrHPV testing were positive, we suggest that this indicates a potential sampling error on biopsy, perhaps due to an inability to visualize the involved area in older women due to an upward migration of the TZ.
Disordered Eating, Acculturation, and Treatment-Seeking in a Community Sample of Hispanic, Asian, Black, and White Women

The purpose of this study was to examine disordered eating, acculturation, and treatment-seeking in a community sample of Hispanic, Asian, Black, and White women. Participants were 118 women with disordered eating (49 Hispanic, 21 Asian, 23 Black, and 25 White) and 118 healthy controls. Interviews were conducted to assess eating and weight-related behaviors, psychiatric symptoms, acculturation, and health care usage. Results indicated that the four ethnic groups were equally likely to present behavioral symptoms of bulimia, anorexia, or a binge-eating disorder. Hispanics were the most likely to use diuretics, and Black women were the most likely to use laxatives. Despite psychological distress among the eating disorder group, only a small percentage had received treatment during the past year; the eating disorder group was more likely than the controls to report that they had been denied treatment. More acculturated individuals were more likely to suffer from eating problems, and among the eating disorder group, less acculturated individuals were less likely to have received treatment.
Dynamics of Midlatitude Tropopause Height in an Idealized Model

This paper investigates the factors that determine the equilibrium state, and in particular the height and structure of the tropopause, in an idealized primitive equation model forced by Newtonian cooling in which the eddies can determine their own depth. Previous work has suggested that the midlatitude tropopause height may be understood as the intersection between a radiative and a dynamical constraint. The dynamical constraint relates to the lateral transfer of energy, which in midlatitudes is largely effected by baroclinic eddies, and its representation in terms of mean-flow properties. Various theories have been proposed and investigated for the representation of the eddy transport in terms of the mean flow, including a number of diffusive closures and the notion that the flow evolves to a state marginally supercritical to baroclinic instability.Theradiativeconstraintexpressesconservationofenergyandsomustbesatisfied,althoughitneed not necessarily be useful in providing a tight constraint on tropopause height. This paper explores whether and how the marginal criticality and radiative constraints work together to produce an equilibrated flow and a tropopause that is internal to the fluid. The paper investigates whether these two constraints are consistent with simulated variations in the tropopause height and in the mean state when the external parameters of an idealized primitive equation model are changed. It is found that when the vertical redistribution of heat is important, the radiative constraint tightly constrains the tropopause height and prevents an adjustment to marginal criticality. In contrast, when the stratification adjustment is small, the radiativeconstraintisonlylooselysatisfiedandthereisatendencyfortheflowtoadjusttomarginalcriticality. In those cases an alternative dynamical constraint would be needed in order to close the problem and determine the eddy transport and tropopause height in terms of forcing and mean flow.
Nonverbal Behavior: A Functional Perspective.

1. Defining a Perspective on Nonverbal Behavior. - Patterns of Nonverbal Behaviors. - Nonverbal Involvement. - Functional Analysis. - Summary. - 2. Developing a Sequential Functional Model. - Theoretical Background. - Empirical Research on the Arousal Model. - Comprehensiveness of Existing Theories. - Antecedent Factors. - Mediating Mechanisms. - Exchange Outcome. - A Sequential Functional Model. - Summary. - 3. The Informational Function. - Perspectives on Communication. - Determinants of Communication. - Expressive Indication. - Implications of the Communication-Indication Contrast. - Summary. - 4. Regulating Interaction. - Focused Interactions. - Unfocused Interactions-Passing Encounters. - Summary. - 5. Intimacy. - The Construct of Intimacy. - Social Penetration Theory. - Relationship Intimacy and Nonverbal Involvement. - Developed Relationships. - Assessing the Intimacy Function. - Summary. - 6. Social Control. - Power and Dominance. - Persuasion. - Feedback and Reinforcement. - Deception. - Impression Management. - Comparing Intimacy and Social Control Functions. - Conclusions. - Summary. - 7. The Service-Task Function. - Service Relationships in Focused Interaction. - Evaluating the Service Component. - Task Constraints in Unfocused Interactions. - Significance of the Service-Task Function. - Summary. - 8. Antecedent Influences. - Personal Factors. - Experiential Factors. - Relational-Situational Factors. - The Mediation of Antecedent Influences. - An Overview of Antecedent Influences. - Summary. - 9. An Overview: Problems and Prospects. - Evaluating the Functional Perspective. - Directions for Research. - Personal Observations. - Summary. - Reference Notes. - References. - Author Index.
Knowledge acquisition or participation in communities of practice? Academics’ metaphors of teaching and learning at the university

Learning has been described by two conceptual metaphors: as individual acquisition of knowledge (acquisition metaphor), and as an enculturation into a subject community (participation metaphor). On the other hand, academics' conceptions of teaching are usually reported to vary between teacher and student orientation. In order to integrate metaphors of learning with research on conceptions of teaching, we analyzed 36 academics' metaphors of teaching by content analysis. We found four different categories of metaphors: transmission and construction (based on the acquisition metaphor), and apprenticeship and community growth (based on the participation metaphor). The metaphors had systematic relations to intentions and approaches in teaching reported by the academics. These results imply that the ‘teacher versus student orientation’ framework can be improved by including the dimension of learning as acquisition versus learning as participation.
GeoCueDepth: Exploiting geometric structure cues to estimate depth from a single image

Depth estimation from a single image is very challenging due to the inherent ambiguity of mapping a color image to a depth map. Previous work tackles this problem by exploiting various levels of features with multi-scale deep convolutional neural networks. However, most of the local geometric structure related monocular depth cues are lost when being propagated through convolutional neural network. Moreover, the error of depth cues related to local geometric structures is not considered in the loss function. In this work, we propose the GeoCueDepth convolutional neural network to exploit local geometric structure cues and propose a training loss that takes the geometric error into consideration, which significantly improve the performance of depth prediction in both accuracy and sharpness. Experiments show that the proposed method achieves 0.122 average relative error and 0.078 square relative error on the NYU Depth v2 data set, which outperforms state-of-the-art monocular depth estimation approaches.
How are affective word ratings related to lexicosemantic properties? Evidence from the Sussex Affective Word List

ABSTRACT Emotional content of verbal material affects the speed of visual word recognition in various cognitive tasks, independently of lexicosemantic variables. However, little is known about how the dimensions of emotional arousal and valence interact with the lexicosemantic properties of words such as age of acquisition, familiarity, and imageability, that determine word recognition performance. This study aimed to examine these relationships using English ratings for affective and lexicosemantic features. Eighty-two native English speakers rated 300 words for emotional valence, arousal, familiarity, age of acquisition, and imageability. Although both dimensions of emotion were correlated with lexicosemantic variables, a unique emotion cluster produced the strongest quadratic relationship. This finding suggests that emotion should be included in models of word recognition as it is likely to make an independent contribution.