Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different mechanisms for benefit and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in early postmenopausal women: a hypothetical explanation

In younger postmenopausal women, estrogen is thought to be protective against coronary heart disease. The mechanism for this effect is likely to be an inhibition of the development of atherosclerosis. However, in older postmenopausal women with established atherosclerosis, the initiation of estrogen therapy may cause coronary artery plaque instability and rupture, resulting in coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction. Compared with these findings of coronary disease prevention in younger women, estrogen therapy has been linked to an increased risk of ischemic stroke in both younger and older postmenopausal women, although the risk is small and the event rate in younger women is considered to be rare. Here, we provide an argument that the mechanism for stroke risk in younger women is not based on atherosclerotic disease, as occurs in older women for both coronary disease and stroke, but is related to thrombosis. Susceptibility for stroke is increased in women, and various factors leading to thrombosis may explain this risk. This notion is supported by data that estrogen regimens that decrease the risk of venous thrombosis (lower oral doses and transdermal therapy) may not be associated with an increase in ischemic stroke risk.
The paradoxical role of cognitive effort in contextual interference and implicit motor learning.

The broad aim of this dissertation was to explore the paradoxical accounts of contextual interference and implicit motor learning from the perspective of cognitive effort. Three key outcomes have emerged. First, from a theoretical perspective, the thesis offers a previously unexplored account for the contextual interference effect – one that potentially explains the paradoxical findings between contextual interference and implicit learning – the implicit learning hypothesis. The hypothesis states that random practice might share characteristics with implicit learning. High levels of cognitive effort due to task switching might prevent random learners from consciously focusing on their movements leading to a more passive mode of learning. Second, from a practical perspective, the thesis provides support for the application of implicit motor learning to performers who already possess explicit knowledge. Expert netball players practised shooting to an adapted ring while responding to a secondary task. Following the intervention, players were unaware of the knowledge underlying their technique adaptation, thus providing preliminary evidence for the use of implicit motor learning in high performance sport. Finally, from a methodological perspective, the thesis laid the foundation for the future development of measurement techniques for both cognitive effort and implicit/explicit processing. A battery of measures typically applied to implicit learning was used in a study of contextual interference. In addition, a behavioural measure of cognitive effort (time taken to prepare and execute movements) was explored in blocked and random practice. Furthermore, two experiments explored the use of a modified Stroop task as a potential measure of implicit/explicit processing. Overall, the thesis contributes to both the contextual interference and implicit motor learning research domains through advances in the areas of theory, practice, and methodology.
Remaking the global economy : economic-geographical perspectives

Making Global Connections - Henry Wai-chung Yeung and Jamie Peck A Geographer's Perspective PART ONE: GROUNDING GLOBAL FLOWS `Placing' Firms - Peter Dicken Grounding the Debate on the `Global' Corporation Globalization, Transnationalism and the Asia-Pacific - Neil M Coe, Philip F Kelly and Kris Olds The Marginalization of Everywhere? Emerging Geographies of Emerging Markets - Roger Lee The Globalization of Environmental Management - Erica Schoenberger International Investment in the Water, Waste-Water and Solid Waste Industries PART TWO: PLACING GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE The Spatial Life of Things - Meric S Gertler The Real World Practice within the Global Firm Spaces of Corporate Learning - Ash Amin The Might of `Might' - Nigel Thrift How Social Power Is Being Refigured Beyond the Cluster - Local Milieux and Global Connections - Anders Malmberg PART THREE: REFIGURING GLOBAL RULES Making Global Rules - Adam Tickell and Jamie Peck Globalization or Neoliberalization? Globalization: Faustian Bargain, Development Saviour or More of the Same? The Case of the Developing World and the Emerging International Trade Regime - Amy Glasmeier and Michael Conroy `Glocalization' as a State Spatial Strategy - Neil Brenner Urban Entrepreneurialism and the New Politics of Uneven Development in Western Europe Global Production Systems and European Integration - Ray Hudson De-Regionalizing, Re-Regionalizing and Re-Scaling Production Systems in Europe
Angiogenesis Inhibitors in NSCLC

Angiogenesis is a complex biological process that plays a relevant role in sustaining the microenvironment, growth, and metastatic potential of several tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Bevacizumab was the first angiogenesis inhibitor approved for the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC in combination with chemotherapy; however, it was limited to patients with non-squamous histology and first-line setting. Approval was based on the results of two phase III trials (ECOG4599 and AVAIL) that demonstrated an improvement of about two months in progression-free survival (PFS) in both trials, and in the ECOG4599 trial, an improvement in overall survival (OS) also. Afterwards, other antiangiogenic agents, including sunitinib, sorafenib, and vandetanib have been unsuccessfully tested in first and successive lines. Recently, two new antiangiogenic agents (ramucirumab and nintedanib) produced a significant survival benefit in second-line setting. In the REVEL study, ramucirumab plus docetaxel prolonged the median OS of patients with any histology NSCLC when compared with docetaxel alone (10.4 versus 9.1 months, hazard ratio (HR) 0.857, p = 0.0235). In the LUME-Lung 1 study, nintedanib plus docetaxel prolonged the median PFS of patients with any tumor histology (p = 0.0019), and improved OS (12.6 versus 10.3 months) in patients with adenocarcinoma. As a result, it became a new option for the second-line treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC and adenocarcinoma histology. Identifying predictive biomarkers to optimize the benefit of antiangiogenic drugs remains an ongoing challenge.
Thinking Animals: Animals and the Development of Human Intelligence

In a world increasingly dominated by human beings, the survival of other species becomes more and more questionable. In this brilliant book, Paul Shepard offers a provocative alternative to an "us or them" mentality, proposing that other species are integral to humanity's evolution and exist at the core of our imagination. This trait, he argues, compels us to think of animals in order to be human. Without other living species by which to measure ourselves, Shepard warns, we would be less mature, care less for and be more careless of all life, including our own kind.
Effect of propionic acid on ketogenesis in lactating sheep fed restricted rations or deprived of food.

Propionic acid was used as a possible preventive agent against ketogenesis. A total of 12 Suffolk lactating sheep were allocated to groups of 4 and fed isocaloric isonitrogenous rations containing 0, 5 and 10% propionic acid for 2 wk at 1.25 kg twice daily, followed by 4 days of food restriction to . 5 kg/day and 2 days of food deprivation to induce ketogenesis. During the restricted feeding, concentrations of glucose in blood plasma were higher (50 to 57 versus 41 to 53 mg/dl) and concentrations of D (--)-3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate lower (3.0 to 5.9 versus 3.9 to 7.6 mg/dl; .39 to .83 versus .43 to .92 mg/dl) in animals fed propionic acid. Propionic acid did not change free fatty acid concentrations of blood plasma or milk and subcutaneous fatty acid composition. Restricted feeding and fasting markedly lowered glucose and elevated concentrations of ketone bodies and free fatty acids in plasma. Furthermore, during these periods proportions of milk fatty acids containing 4 to 14 carbon atoms were decreased and those of stearic and oleic acid (18:0 and 18:1) were increased (16.6 versus 6.5%; and 41.0 versus 17.4%).
Intrauterine administration of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells promotes implantation rates in patients with repeated failure of IVF-embryo transfer.

BACKGROUND There are few effective approaches to infertile patients with repeated failure in IVF-embryo transfer therapy. Since recent evidence suggests that some populations of maternal immune cells positively support embryo implantation, we have developed a new approach using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS Patients who had not experienced successful pregnancy despite four or more IVF-embryo transfer sessions were enrolled in this study (n = 35, 35 cycles). PBMCs were obtained from patients on the day of oocyte retrieval and were cultured with HCG for 48 h. Two days later, PBMCs were freshly isolated from patients again, combined with cultured PBMC and then administered to the intrauterine cavity of the patients. Blastocyst transfer was performed on day 5, and the success of implantation in the PBMC-treated group was compared with that in the non-treated group. RESULTS Clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate and live birth rate in the PBMC-treated group (41.2, 23.4 and 35.3%; n = 17, 47 and 16, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the non-treated group (11.1, 4.1 and 5.5%; n = 18, 49 and 18, respectively). CONCLUSION Intrauterine administration of autologous PBMC may be an effective approach to improve embryo implantation in patients with repeated IVF failures.
Americans View Their Mental Health

BOOK REVIEWS Americans View Their Mental Health. By Gerald Gurin, Joseph Veroff, and Sheila Feld. Price, $7.50. Pp. 444. Basic Books, Inc., 59 Fourth Ave., New York 3, 1960. This is the fourth in the series of ten monographs sponsored by the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health and designed to assess the nation's mental health resources and needs from a variety of perspectives. Its focus is the subjective dimension of mental health. Although not all of the monographs have been published so far, the findings and the recommendations of each have been already summed up and interpreted in the Commission's final report which, because of the publicity it has received, may be familiar to many readers. The present volume is based on an interview survey conducted in 1957 with nearly twenty-five hundred individuals selected to provide a probability sample of the country's adult population. It is a product of three social psychologists, all of whom are on the staff of the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan, one of the few widely recognized and influential organizations of its kind in social sciences. Besides being impressive for sheer magnitude and the consistent clarity in the presentation and evaluation of the data, the study gives further testimony of the methodological sophistication and the technical know-how typical of the work produced by the Center. Without committing themselves to a definition of mental health, the investigators explore it through a number of measures of adjustment. The measures, however, all derive from the self-appraised, experiential realm of the respondent. In the area of general life adjustment, such measures are obtained from the information about the extent of worrying, evaluation of personal happiness, whether the respondent ever felt close to a nervous breakdown, and if he ever experienced a problem relevant for professional help. In the more specific areas of functioning, namely, marriage, parenthood, and work, adjustment is studied via consideration of such variables as satisfaction with the particular role, feelings of adequacy in performing it, degree of involvement, expectations about future, and the type of problems and their prevalence encountered in each role. It is worth pointing out that in taking a multiple-criterion approach to mental health, the investigators are implicitly in agreement with the current view (e.g., Jahoda, 1958; Smith, 1961) that the search for a conceptual formulation of mental health which could meet with a general consensus is futile because of the unavoidable valuative assumptions in all such formulations. The organization of the book is as follows : The first part deals mainly with the distribution and the interrelations of the indices of adjustment in different demographic groups, most often specified in terms of such variables as sex, education, and age. (Religion, in-
Rural health priorities in America: where you stand depends on where you sit.

PURPOSE To assess levels of agreement on priority areas among state and local rural health leaders nationwide. METHODS Analysis of responses to a mail survey sent to 999 rural health leaders, with 501 responses. Respondents were asked to rank importance to rural health of focus areas named in Healthy People 2010. FINDINGS There was substantial agreement on top rural health priorities among state and local rural health leaders across the 50 states. "Access to quality health services" was the top priority among leaders of state-level rural agencies and health associations, local rural public health agencies, rural health clinics and community health centers, and rural hospitals. It was the top priority across all 4 major census regions of the nation as well. The next 4 top-ranking rural priorities--"heart disease and stroke," "diabetes," "mental health and mental disorders," and "oral health"--were selected as 1 of the top 5 rural priorities by one third or more of respondents across most groups and regions. At the same time, some observed differences in rural health priorities suggest opportunities for community partnership strategies or for regional multistate policy initiatives by states sharing similar rural health priorities.
Neuroeconomics, judgment, and decision making

Part 1. Historical Foundations. Decision Making by Experts: Influence of Five Key Psychologists, J. Shanteau, W. Edwards. Part 2. Cognitive Consistency and Inconsistency. Cognitive Consistency: Cognitive and Motivational Perspectives, A.S. Chaxel, J. Edward Russo. Fuzzy Trace Theory Explains Paradoxical Dissociations in Affective Forecasting, E.A. Wilhelms, R.A. Setton, R.K. Helm, V.F. Reyna. Part 3. Heuristics and Biases. Intuition, Inhibition, Interference, and Individual Differences in Fuzzy Trace Theory, J.C. Corbin, J.M. Liberali, V.F. Reyna, P.G. Brust-Renck. The Predecisional Distortion of Information, J.E. Russo. The Precision Effect: How Numerical Precision Influences Everyday Judgments, M.Thomas, J. Park. Part 4. Neuroeconomics and Neurobiology. Studying Decision Processes Through Behavioral and Neuroscience Analyses of Framing Effects, I.P. Levin, T. McElroy, G.J. Gaeth, W. Hedgcock, N.L. Denburg, D. Tranel. "Hot" Cognition and Dual Systems: Introduction, Criticisms, and Ways Forward. T.E. Gladwin, B. Figner. Neuroeconomics and Dual Information Processes Underlying Charitable Giving, S. Dickert, D.Vastfjall, P. Slovic. Part 5. Developmental and Individual Differences. Choice from Childhood to Adulthood: Changes in Decision Strategies, Affect, and Control. A.C. K. van Duijvenvoorde, B.R. J. Jansen, H.M. Huizenga. Individual Differences in Decision-making Competence Across the Lifespan, W. Bruine de Bruin, A.M. Parker, B. Fischhoff. Part 6. Improving Decisions. Improving Judgments and Decisions by Experiencing Simulated Outcomes, R.M. Hogarth, E. Soyer. Predictors of Risky Decisions: Improving Judgment and Decision Making Based on Evidence from Phishing Attacks, J. Downs, A. Acquisti, D. Barbagallo
Arrowhead completeness from minimal conditional independencies

We present two inference rules, based on so called minimal conditional independencies, that are sufficient to find all invariant arrowheads in a single causal DAG, even when selection bias may be present. It turns out that the set of seven graphical orientation rules that are usually employed to identify these arrowheads are, in fact, just different instances/manifestations of these two rules. Contains detailed proofs to main results.
Virtual environment behaviours: a case for culture inclusion in existing information systems theories

In this paper we present a case for culture to be incorporated as a major construct in existing behaviour dependent IS research theories relevant for investigating virtual environment behaviours. We identify these theories and examine its previous use within IS researches. We argue that culture with regards to information systems should be seen as primary identifier, identifying behaviour unique to certain groups of people thus its importance in IS theories particularly those aimed at predicting virtual environment behaviours.
Fulminant Cryptosporidiosis after Near-Drowning: a Human Cryptosporidium parvum Strain Implicated in Invasive Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma in an Experimental Model

ABSTRACT In the present work, we report the characterization of a Cryptosporidium parvum strain isolated from a patient who nearly drowned in the Deule River (Lille, France) after being discharged from the hospital where he had undergone allogeneic stem cell transplantation. After being rescued and readmitted to the hospital, he developed fulminant cryptosporidiosis. The strain isolated from the patient's stools was identified as C. parvum II2A15G2R1 (subtype linked to zoonotic exposure) and inoculated into SCID mice. In this host, this virulent C. parvum isolate induced not only severe infection but also invasive gastrointestinal and biliary adenocarcinoma. The observation of adenocarcinomas that progressed through all layers of the digestive tract to the subserosa and spread via blood vessels confirmed the invasive nature of the neoplastic process. These results indicate for the first time that a human-derived C. parvum isolate is able to induce digestive cancer. This study is of special interest considering the exposure of a large number of humans and animals to this waterborne protozoan, which is highly tumorigenic when inoculated in a rodent model.
Personalized Privacy-aware Image Classification

Information sharing in online social networks is a daily practice for billions of users. The sharing process facilitates the maintenance of users' social ties but also entails privacy disclosure in relation to other users and third parties. Depending on the intentions of the latter, this disclosure can become a risk. It is thus important to propose tools that empower the users in their relations to social networks and third parties connected to them. As part of USEMP, a coordinated research effort aimed at user empowerment, we introduce a system that performs privacy-aware classification of images. We show that generic privacy models perform badly with real-life datasets in which images are contributed by individuals because they ignore the subjective nature of privacy. Motivated by this, we develop personalized privacy classification models that, utilizing small amounts of user feedback, provide significantly better performance than generic models. The proposed semi-personalized models lead to performance improvements for the best generic model ranging from 4%, when 5 user-specific examples are provided, to 18% with 35 examples. Furthermore, by using a semantic representation space for these models we manage to provide intuitive explanations of their decisions and to gain novel insights with respect to individuals' privacy concerns stemming from image sharing. We hope that the results reported here will motivate other researchers and practitioners to propose new methods of exploiting user feedback and of explaining privacy classifications to users.
Design of a planar robotic machine for neuro-rehabilitation

This paper presents the design criteria of a robot manipulator for the rehabilitation of the upper limb. The machine is conceived to optimize the dynamic behavior in the interaction with the patient, basically in terms of low impedance when back-driven and low and isotropic inertial properties. Robot kinematics and dynamics are mathematically modeled and its dynamic properties are measured in the workspace in terms of inertia and acceleration capabilities. A method is used that is borrowed from the literature and is based on inertia and acceleration graphical representation through ellipsoids.
Relationship between UVB and erythemally weighted radiation

We discuss the move from reporting damaging UV radiation in terms of UVB to the now widely accepted erythemally weighted UV radiation (UV_Ery) and the UV Index (UVI). The relationship between these quantities is given: to a good approximation, it is found that UVB_280–315 nm= 7.55 × UV_Ery. In terms of the UV Index, the estimated UVB_280–315 nm in units of W m^−2 is 18.9 times the UVI. These approximations generally hold to within ∼10% for all solar zenith angles (sza) less than 70°. For most practical purposes, this is a sufficient range, since for larger sza, the intensity of UVB is less than 10% of that for overhead sun conditions. The simple relationship above is verified using spectral measurements. However, tables are provided to enable calculation of the conversion with greater accuracy under such conditions. Similar model calculations are provided to estimate UVB_280–320 nm. Correction tables to convert erythemally weighted UV to other biological weightings are also presented.
Neoadjuvant capecitabine and docetaxel (plus trastuzumab): an effective non-anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimen for patients with locally advanced breast cancer.

BACKGROUND To evaluate capecitabine-docetaxel (XT), with trastuzumab (H) in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive disease, in inoperable locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received up to six neoadjuvant 21-day cycles of capecitabine 900 mg/m(2) twice daily, days 1-14, plus docetaxel 36 mg/m(2), days 1 and 8. Patients with HER2-positive disease also received trastuzumab 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks. The primary end point was pathologic complete response (pCR) rate, evaluated separately in HER2-negative and HER2-positive cohorts. Secondary end points included clinical response rates and tolerability. RESULTS The pCR rate was 15% [95% confidence interval (CI) 7-28] in 53 patients receiving XT and 40% (95% CI 26-55) in 50 patients receiving HXT. After neoadjuvant therapy, 50 patients receiving XT and 45 receiving HXT underwent surgery. No unexpected toxicity was observed: the most common grade ≥3 adverse events were diarrhea/mucositis (30% and 20%, respectively) and grade 3 hand-foot syndrome (11% and 6%, respectively). Disease-free survival and overall survival were similar with XT and HXT after median follow-up of 22 months in the XT cohort and 21 months in the HXT cohort. CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant XT (HXT in HER2-positive disease) is highly effective in inoperable LABC, demonstrating pCR rates of 15% and 40%, respectively. This non-anthracycline-containing regimen offers obvious benefits in early disease, where avoidance of long-term cardiotoxicity is particularly important.