Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between organisational culture and individual behaviour in Saudi Arabia

Although the concepts of organisational culture (OC) and individual behaviour (IB) have attracted considerable interests from both academics and practitioners, there are few studies that examine the relationship between them directly (which were conducted under person-culture fit research (see Chatman and O’Reilly, 2016)). While these few existing studies have made an overall contribution to the culture-behaviour relationship, they have critical limitations and gaps in knowledge. Specifically, they primarily adopt functional and quantitative approaches for examining the relationship between the two concepts, and consequently, they neglect alternative non-functional perspectives of OC (opposition and ambiguity) and their relationship with IB. Also, most of these studies were conducted in organisations from countries that have strict separation between religion and state (e.g. the UK and USA), with very few studies located in countries where people at work actively engage in religious and social practices, particularly Saudi Arabia. This study explores the relationship between OC and IB through an ethnographic case study in a single Saudi Arabian organisation that operates in a vital industry, i.e. financial industry. It adopts a three-perspective theoretical framework (see Martin, 1992), to explore the relationship between OC and IB in a country that is renowned to be highly attached to ancient social norms and religious traditions. The findings of the study lead to the development of a range of insights into the integrated, differentiated, and fragmented nature of OC and how organisational members interact (i.e. perceive and behave) with such cultural components. The empirical evidence suggests that examining the interaction between OC elements (values, believes, and underlying assumptions) and individual traits, including psychology/ social (e.g. values and beliefs), social category (e.g. age and gender), and other subjective characteristics (e.g. education and work experience) is important to understand the relationship between OC and IB. Accordingly, this study develops a conceptual analysis that explains the relationship between OC and IB and considers the dynamic and multidimensional aspects of the two concepts. It also offers contributions to knowledge on organisational literature in general, and Saudi literature in particular, by revealing alternative contingencies that affect the behaviour of organisations and individuals.
Does Quality of Work Life Have Effect on Job Performance? - A Study on Indian IT Professionals

The purpose of the research effort was to understand the impact of Quality of Work Life on job performance. The concept of quality of work life reflects the positive emotional reactions and attitudes an individual has towards their job. It has been conceptualized as a general attitude toward the job. Job performance is often viewed as the degree to which employees execute their job tasks, responsibilities and assignments sufficiently. A questionnaire-based field survey was conducted to collect data from a sample of 330 employees from Information Technology Industry by using convenience sampling from Northern Capital Region of India and Bangalore Region. The multiple correlations, regression aware used to analyze the derived two hypotheses with the help of SPSS 20. This research finds the detailed consequences of the impact of Quality of work life on employee job performance. The empirical results of the study came up with two types of findings. First it showed that Quality Work Life relationship with job performance and later its impacts on employee job performance. Used variables have been selected as per best available sources of literature and based on researcher’s knowledge. The outcomes of the findings resulted in positive correlation. The regression analysis results showed that Quality of Work Life has strong impact on Job Performance having r 2 value as 0.724 stating that Job Performance depends on Quality of Work Life. Here limitations of practicality and opportunism in the sampling have been acknowledged.
The Role of Executive Functions for Overcoming Misconceptions through Structure-Mapping in Mathematics Classrooms

Author(s): Begolli, Kreshnik | Advisor(s): Jaeggi, Susanne; Richland, Lindsey | Abstract: Comparing different student solutions to a single instructional problem is a key recommended pedagogical tool in mathematics and for inducing conceptual change. However, these instructional comparisons can overload children’s cognitive resources, and may be more demanding for some children than others. In my dissertation, I examine the relations between individual differences in children’s cognitive resources and their thinking and learning from instructional comparisons. Individual differences in children’s resource capacities provide a useful lens for understanding the contributions of cognitive mechanisms in learning from comparisons. Manipulating the kinds of instructional representations and sequence of presentations provide further insights on how to best manage students’ limited processing resources. The dissertation has three main chapters. The first discusses a novel methodology for deriving causal relationships through stimuli in which the complexity of everyday classrooms is held constant. The second describes Experiment 1, which tested the role of visual representations when learning from comparing three solution strategies (one incorrect and two correct). In this experiment, fifth graders watched a mathematics video-lesson on ratio edited to either: a) present solutions only orally; b) present only the most recent solution visually; and c) present all solutions visually. Visual representations served as a double-edged sword, where simultaneous presentations led to durable, conceptual understanding, whereas presenting solutions sequentially as in condition b) led to the poorest learning outcomes possibly reflecting limitations in cognitive resources. This result is further examined in the third chapter, which reports on Experiment 2. This experiment replicates only condition b) of Experiment 1, where solutions strategies were presented sequentially, but with a larger sample of fifth graders who were also administered four cognitive measures. The results of Experiment 2 reflect a positive relationship between children’s learning and their cognitive control capacities. Finally, the theoretical and practice relevant implications of these results and future directions are discussed.
The relevance of maternal scaffolding behaviours in infancy to child cognitive abilities and academic achievement : a bioecological study

The development of cognitive and academic abilities can be understood as part of a larger ecological system. One mechanism said to promote the development of these abilities is scaffolding, a process characterised by contingent response, and cognitive and emotional support, aimed at promoting autonomy. In a diverse sub-sample of 400 mother-child dyads from the Families, Children and Child Care study, maternal scaffolding-related behaviours were recorded during semi-structured play interactions when children were 10 months. Employing the Process-Person-Context-Time model (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006), the study aims were threefold: (1) to test whether mothers’ show behaviours akin to the central dimensions of scaffolding during play interactions with infants, (2) to address individual differences in maternal scaffolding behaviours, and (3) to explore the relevance of these behaviours for child cognitive abilities in the preschool years, and academic attainment at age 11 years. Maternal behaviours reflecting the main dimensions of scaffolding were explained by an overarching construct labelled ‘scaffolding-like behaviours’. Child (play maturity at 10 months), mother (age, personality, ethnicity, first language and education) and context (family size and neighbourhood adversity) characteristics, explained unique variations in these behaviours. After taking person and context characteristics into consideration, these behaviours predicted children’s non-verbal ability but not verbal ability at 51 months, an association moderated by maternal levels of education. Non-verbal ability mediated the effects of maternal scaffolding-like behaviours on child English and maths academic attainment at age 11 years. 4 Studying a large and diverse English sample, the current study made the following contributions: it elucidated some of the mechanisms by which individual differences in scaffolding occur, and illustrated that alongside proximal and distal contextual factors, maternal behaviours in the first year continue to be relevant to child intellectual development.
Using Distributed Representations to Disambiguate Biomedical and Clinical Concepts

In this paper, we report a knowledge-based method for Word Sense Disambiguation in the domains of biomedical and clinical text. We combine word representations created on large corpora with a small number of definitions from the UMLS to create concept representations, which we then compare to representations of the context of ambiguous terms. Using no relational information, we obtain comparable performance to previous approaches on the MSH-WSD dataset, which is a well-known dataset in the biomedical domain. Additionally, our method is fast and easy to set up and extend to other domains. Supplementary materials, including source code, can be found at https: //github.com/clips/yarn
The Environmental Factors Affecting Transfer of Training: Tehran Municipality Employees

The present study explored the effect of environmental factors on transfer of training from training courses to the workplace. The study is a quantitative method. The population contained all of the employees participated in the training courses of the population consisted of all Employees who participated in in-service training courses in Tehran Municipality in 2015 (N= 385). The sample included 193 persons selected by simple random sampling technique. The tools used for data collection were questionnaire. The data gathered was analyzed using t-test and exploratory factor analysis. The results showed that the most important factor influencing transfer of training was Opportunity to use capabilities.
View angle effects on canopy reflectance and spectral mixture analysis of coniferous forests using AVIRIS

The dependence of vegetation reflectance on sun and sensor geometry can potentially provide information on canopy properties, but also may be a source of unmodelled systematic error in single-angle remote sensing measurements. In this study, we investigated the angular variability of reflectance measurements from the NASA Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), and the resulting impact on spectral mixture analysis (SMA) using both full-range (400-2500 nm) and shortwave-infrared wavelengths (2080-2280 nm; AutoSWIR ). The study was conducted in coniferous forests in Central Oregon using five AVIRIS overpasses to generate multiple view angle measurements. Canopy reflectance was highly anisotropic, with the strength of the angular signal controlled by species type, canopy cover and soil reflectance. Canopy cover estimates from full-range SMA averaged only slight decreases (∼6% relative) toward the retro-solar direction for 16 field plots in the study region. AutoSWIR was even less influenced by view angle, exhibiting changes only for large differences in view angle. In addition, AutoSWIR 's ability to accommodate endmember variability led to stronger agreement with field cover values than full-range SMA. The results suggest that while view angle can significantly affect reflectance measurements from AVIRIS, the consequent variability in vegetation cover estimates from SMA and AutoSWIR is low.
Stuck like glue: the formation and consequences of brand attachments among salespeople

Although managers and researchers put utmost importance on uncovering factors that affect effort and performance of sales representatives, they have largely overlooked a key factor. This research aims to remedy this neglect by shedding light on salesperson brand attachment. A qualitative study first examines the prevalence of attachment and uncovers several potential antecedents. Two follow-up empirical studies show that identification and psychological ownership are significant predictors of salesperson brand attachment. Informed by this research, managers can encourage brand attachment, with the end goal of increasing salesperson effort and ultimately performance, by increasing feelings of identification and psychological ownership among salespeople. This impact is particularly notable among brands with low market share, which are often a key concern of managers. The findings provide novel insights into how attachment affects sales representatives, as well as potential methods to cultivate such an attachment.
Effect of hemorrhage rate on early hemodynamic responses in conscious sheep

Physiological compensatory mechanisms can mask the extent of hemorrhage in conscious mammals, which can be further complicated by individual tolerance and variations in hemorrhage onset and duration. We assessed the effect of hemorrhage rate on tolerance and early physiologic responses to hemorrhage in conscious sheep. Eight Merino ewes (37.4 ± 1.1 kg) were subjected to fast (1.25 mL/kg/min) and slow (0.25 mL/kg/min) hemorrhages separated by at least 3 days. Blood was withdrawn until a drop in mean arterial pressure (MAP) of >30 mmHg and returned at the end of the experiment. Continuous monitoring included MAP, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulse oximetry, and tissue oximetry. Cardiac output by thermodilution and arterial blood samples were also measured. The effects of fast versus slow hemorrhage rates were compared for total volume of blood removed and stoppage time (when MAP < 30 mmHg of baseline) and physiological responses during and after the hemorrhage. Estimated blood volume removed when MAP dropped 30 mmHg was 27.0 ± 4.2% (mean ± standard error) in the slow and 27.3 ± 3.2% in the fast hemorrhage (P = 0.47, paired t test between rates). Pressure and tissue oximetry responses were similar between hemorrhage rates. Heart rate increased at earlier levels of blood loss during the fast hemorrhage, but hemorrhage rate was not a significant factor for individual hemorrhage tolerance or hemodynamic responses. In 5/16 hemorrhages MAP stopping criteria was reached with <25% of blood volume removed. This study presents the physiological responses leading up to a significant drop in blood pressure in a large conscious animal model and how they are altered by the rate of hemorrhage.
Towards task-based personal information management evaluations

Personal Information Management (PIM) is a rapidly growing area of research concerned with how people store, manage and refind information. A feature of PIM research is that many systems have been designed to assist users manage and refind information, but very few have been evaluated. This has been noted by several scholars and explained by the difficulties involved in performing PIM evaluations. The difficulties include that people re-find information from within unique personal collections; researchers know little about the tasks that cause people to re-find information; and numerous privacy issues concerning personal information. In this paper we aim to facilitate PIM evaluations by addressing each of these difficulties. In the first part, we present a diary study of information re-finding tasks. The study examines the kind of tasks that require users to refind information and produces a taxonomy of refinding tasks for email messages and web pages. In the second part, we propose a task-based evaluation methodology based on our findings and examine the feasibility of the approach using two different methods of task creation.
Differences in Gene Transcriptomic Pattern of Plasmodium falciparum in Children with Cerebral Malaria and Asymptomatic Carriers

The mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of clinical malaria remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that differential gene expression contributes to phenotypic variation of parasites which results in a specific interaction with the host, leading to different clinical features of malaria. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomes of isolates obtained from asymptomatic carriers and patients with uncomplicated or cerebral malaria. We also investigated the transcriptomes of 3D7 clone and 3D7-Lib that expresses severe malaria associated-variant surface antigen. Our findings revealed a specific up-regulation of genes involved in pathogenesis, adhesion to host cell, and erythrocyte aggregation in parasites from patients with cerebral malaria and 3D7-Lib, compared to parasites from asymptomatic carriers and 3D7, respectively. However, we did not find any significant difference between the transcriptomes of parasites from cerebral malaria and uncomplicated malaria, suggesting similar transcriptomic pattern in these two parasite populations. The difference between isolates from asymptomatic children and cerebral malaria concerned genes coding for exported proteins, Maurer's cleft proteins, transcriptional factor proteins, proteins implicated in protein transport, as well as Plasmodium conserved and hypothetical proteins. Interestingly, UPs A1, A2, A3 and UPs B1 of var genes were predominantly found in cerebral malaria-associated isolates and those containing architectural domains of DC4, DC5, DC13 and their neighboring rif genes in 3D7-lib. Therefore, more investigations are needed to analyze the effective role of these genes during malaria infection to provide with new knowledge on malaria pathology. In addition, concomitant regulation of genes within the chromosomal neighborhood suggests a common mechanism of gene regulation in P. falciparum.
Solving a linear equation in a set of integers I

(1.1) a1x1 + . + akxk = b with x1, . , xk in a prescribed set of integers. We saw that the vanishing of the constant term b and the sum of coefficients s = a1 + . + ak had a strong effect on the behaviour of equation (1.1). The condition b = 0 is equivalent to homogeneity or multiplication invariance (if x1, . . . , xk is a solution, so is tx1, . . . , txk), while s = 0 means translation invariance (if x1, . . . , xk is a solution, so is x1 + t, . . . , xk+ t). We called equations with b = s = 0 invariant , and those with b 6= 0 or s 6= 0 noninvariant . In Part I of the paper we studied invariant equations; now we treat noninvariant ones. We recall the principal notations.
A revision of Hofstede’s individualism-collectivism dimension: A new national index from a 56-country study

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated and authoritative measure of individualism vs collectivism (IDV-COLL) as a dimension of national culture. Design/methodology/approach Rather than focus solely on Hofstede’s classic work, the authors review the main nation-level studies of IDV-COLL and related constructs to identify the salient cultural differences between rich societies and developing nations. The authors conceptualize and operationalize IDV-COLL on the basis of those differences and propose a new national IDV-COLL index, using new data from large probabilistic samples: 52,974 respondents from 56 countries, adequately representing the national cultures of all inhabited continents. Findings The proposed index is a new, valid measure of IDV-COLL as it is strongly correlated with previous measures of closely associated constructs. As a predictor of important cultural differences that can be expected to be associated with IDV-COLL, it performs better (yields higher correlations) than any known measure of IDV-COLL or a related construct. Research limitations/implications An important facet of IDV-COLL – in-group favoritism vs out-group neglect or exclusionism – does not transpire convincingly from the authors’ operationalization of IDV-COLL. The study relies on self-construals. Respondents are unlikely to construe their selves in terms of such concepts. Practical implications The new IDV-COLL measure can be used as a reliable, up-to-date national index in studies that compare the cultures of rich and developing nations. The new IDV-COLL scale, consisting of only seven items, can be easily used in future studies. Originality/value This is the first IDV-COLL measure based on the communalities of previous studies in this domain and derived from large probabilistic samples that approach national representativeness. The superior predictive properties of the authors’ new measure with respect to extraneous variables are another important strength and contribution.
Nonhormonal management of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: 2015 position statement of The North American Menopause Society

Objective:To update and expand The North American Menopause Society's evidence-based position on nonhormonal management of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms (VMS), previously a portion of the position statement on the management of VMS. Methods:NAMS enlisted clinical and research experts in the field and a reference librarian to identify and review available evidence. Five different electronic search engines were used to cull relevant literature. Using the literature, experts created a document for final approval by the NAMS Board of Trustees. Results:Nonhormonal management of VMS is an important consideration when hormone therapy is not an option, either because of medical contraindications or a woman's personal choice. Nonhormonal therapies include lifestyle changes, mind-body techniques, dietary management and supplements, prescription therapies, and others. The costs, time, and effort involved as well as adverse effects, lack of long-term studies, and potential interactions with medications all need to be carefully weighed against potential effectiveness during decision making. Conclusions:Clinicians need to be well informed about the level of evidence available for the wide array of nonhormonal management options currently available to midlife women to help prevent underuse of effective therapies or use of inappropriate or ineffective therapies. Recommended: Cognitive-behavioral therapy and, to a lesser extent, clinical hypnosis have been shown to be effective in reducing VMS. Paroxetine salt is the only nonhormonal medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the management of VMS, although other selective serotonin reuptake/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, gabapentinoids, and clonidine show evidence of efficacy. Recommend with caution: Some therapies that may be beneficial for alleviating VMS are weight loss, mindfulness-based stress reduction, the S-equol derivatives of soy isoflavones, and stellate ganglion block, but additional studies of these therapies are warranted. Do not recommend at this time: There are negative, insufficient, or inconclusive data suggesting the following should not be recommended as proven therapies for managing VMS: cooling techniques, avoidance of triggers, exercise, yoga, paced respiration, relaxation, over-the-counter supplements and herbal therapies, acupuncture, calibration of neural oscillations, and chiropractic interventions. Incorporating the available evidence into clinical practice will help ensure that women receive evidence-based recommendations along with appropriate cautions for appropriate and timely management of VMS.