Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three new insecticidal sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids from Celastrus angulatus

Three new sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids with a β-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene skeleton, celangulatin G(1), H(2) and I(3), and one known alkaloid 4 were isolated from the middle-polar extracts of the root bark of Celastrus angulatus by bioassay-guided separation. Their chemical structures were elucidated mainly by the analyses of the MS and NMR spectral data. Celangulatin G(1), H(2), I(3) and 4 showed KD50 against Mythimna separata were 849.61, 80.24, 96.29 and 50.98 µg g−1, respectively.
New Physics From A Dynamical Volume Element

The use in the action integral of a volume element of the form $\Phi d^{D}x$ where $\Phi$ is a metric independent measure can give new interesting results in all types of known generally coordinate invariant theories: (1) 4-D theories of gravity plus matter fields; (2) Reparametrization invariant theories of extended objects; (3) Higher dimensional theories. In the case (1), a large number of new effects appears: under normal particle physics conditions (primordial) fermions split into three families; when matter is highly diluted, neutrinos increase their mass and can contribute both to dark energy and to dark matter. In the case (2), it leads to dynamically induced tension; to string models of non abelian confinement; to the possibility of new Weyl-conformally invariant light-like branes which dynamically adjust themselves to sit at black hole horizons; in the context of higher dimensional theories it can provide examples of massless 4-D particles with nontrivial Kaluza Klein quantum numbers. In the case (3), i.e. in brane and Kaluza Klein scenarios, the use of a metric independent measure makes it possible to construct naturally models where only the extra dimensions get curved and the 4-D remain flat.
Nonlocal minimal surfaces

The de Giorgi theory for minimal surfaces consists in studying sets whose indicator function is a (local) minimum of the BV norm. In this paper we replace the BV norm by the $H^\sigma$ norm, with $\sigma<1/2$, and try to understand what the minimisers look like. Parallel to the de Giorgi theory we prove that, if the boundary of a minimiser is sufficiently flat in the unit ball, then it is a smooth piece of hypersurface.
Self-Consciousness and Clothing

A questionnaire study was undertaken to investigate if different aspects of self-consciousness related to clothing attitudes and strategic use of clothing. The major purpose was to determine if the trait of public self-consciousness, as delineated by Buss, would be systematically related to clothing measures. A secondary goal was to investigate sex differences, with the expectation that the linkage between clothing measures and self-consciousness would be stronger for women. Participating in the study were 104 subjects. Clothing measures showed a consistent and pervasive correlation with scores on public self-consciousness. Contrary to expectations, the magnitude of these relationships was greater for men than for women. The results are discussed in terms of the tactical use of such social and symbolic products as clothing for self-definition.
THE PARADOX OF ASSOCIATION

Individuals care deeply about with whom they associate and on what terms. A liberty to avoid entanglement in the disfavored designs of others is counterposed by an entitlement not to be excluded from valued modes of activity. These interests generate not one but two freedoms of association, the former negative and the latter positive. Often they conflict. This essay begins by setting out several respects in which negative free association is crucial to a liberal order and then examines several pleas for positive association, at least one of which is judged to be compelling. Because the two freedoms of association are in conspicuous tension, the essay concludes with strategies for reconciling their competing claims.
Assessing women's empowerment: towards a conceptual framework

When policymakers and practitioners decide that 'empowerment'-usually of women or the poor-is a development goal what do they mean? And how do they determine the extent to which it has been achieved? Despite empowerment having become a widely used term in this context there is no accepted method for measuring and tracking changes. Presumably if we want to see people empowered we consider them to be currently dis-empowered i.e. disadvantaged by the way power relations presently shape their choices, opportunities and well-being. If this is what we mean then we would benefit from being better informed about the debates which have shaped and refined the concept of power and its operation. Therefore in this paper, after briefly reviewing how the empowerment of women has been discussed within development studies, I look at how the concept of power was debated and refined during the second half of the twentieth century and discuss how power relations might be described and evaluated in a particular context. I then propose a conceptual framework within which empowerment might be assessed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Naturaleza y funciones de las actitudes ambientales

ResumenEn los ultimos anos la investigacion sobre actitudes ambientales ha sido uno de los campos mas fructiferos, desde el cual se han aportado importantes contribuciones teoricas generales a la comprension de la formacion y de las funciones de las actitudes. A tal objeto es necesario analizar dimensiones como potencia, especificidad, ambivalencia y accesibilidad. El estudio de las actitudes ambientales interesa sobre todo por la posible influencia de estas sobre la conducta humana que afecta a los recursos naturales y a la calidad del medio, accion humana que es la causa directa o indirecta de una gran cantidad de problematicas ambientales. De esta forma, el reto que plantea la promocion de estilos de vida mas proambientales esta en buscar la conexion en un moddo eficiente que incorpore factores como la norma social, los valores, las actitudes, las creencias, el contexto y la conducta.
Ethnic Socialization and Ethnic Identity Development Among Internationally Adopted Korean American Adolescents: A Seven-year Follow-up

The relationship between ethnic socialization by parents, peers, and ethnic identity development was examined over a 7-year time span in a sample of 116 internationally adopted Korean American adolescents. Parent report data was collected in 2007 (Time 1 [T1]) when the adopted child was between 7 and 13 years old and again in 2014 at ages 13 to 20 years old (Time 2 [T2]). Adolescent report data also was collected in 2014. We examined differences in parent and adolescent reports of parental ethnic socialization at T2, changes in parent reports of ethnic socialization from T1 to T2, and the relationship among ethnic socialization by parents at T1 and T2, ethnic socialization by peers at T2, and ethnic identity exploration and resolution at T2. Results indicated parents reported higher levels of parental ethnic socialization than adolescents did at T2. Parent reports of parental ethnic socialization also decreased between childhood and adolescence. Adolescents reported higher parental ethnic socialization than peer ethnic socialization at T2. Path analysis demonstrated positive indirect pathways among parental ethnic socialization at T1, parental ethnic socialization and peer ethnic socialization at T2, and ethnic identity exploration and ethnic identity resolution at T2. The study highlights the cultural experiences of transracial, transnational adopted individuals, the role of both parents and peers in ethnic socialization and ethnic identity development, and the importance of longitudinal and multi-informant methodology.
The Measure of Adolescent Social Performance: Development and Initial Validation

Examined initial psychometric data on the Measure of Adolescent Social Performance (MASP), a newly developed, 50-item, self-report scale. Scale construction followed Goldfried and D'Zurilla's (1969) behavioral-analytic model. Two separate validation studies were conducted. In Study 1, demographic variables, teacher estimates of peer acceptance, and self-ratings of parent-adolescent communication served as criterion variables. Study 2 evaluated MASP scores against teacher ratings of social behavior and self-ratings of competence and friendship quality. Performance on the MASP was significantly related to both self- and teacher ratings of behavioral conduct and scholastic competence, as well as self-ratings of global self-worth, friendship quality, and communication with parents. MASP scores were not related to self- and teacher estimates of social acceptance, however, suggesting factors other than social performance are more closely associated with adolescent popularity.
African Americans respond to stigmatization: the meanings and salience of confronting, deflecting conflict, educating the ignorant and ‘managing the self’

Abstract Drawing on interviews with 150 randomly sampled African Americans, we analyse how members of a stigmatized group understand their experience of stigmatization and assess appropriate responses when asked about the best approach to deal with stigmatization and about responses to specific incidents. Combining in-depth interviews with a systematic coding of the data, we make original contributions to the previous literature by identifying the relative salience of modalities and tools for responding. We also examine closely through qualitative data the two most salient modalities of response, ‘confronting’ and ‘deflating’ conflict, the most salient tools, teaching out-group members about African Americans, and ‘the management of the self’, a rationale for deflating conflict that is largely overlooked in previous studies. We find that ‘confronting’ is the more popular modality for responding to stigmatization among African Americans.
Information Seeking and Workplace Safety: A Field Application of the Risk Perception Attitude Framework

Communication theory is ideally suited to advance systematic forms of knowledge about workplace safety. The focus of this research is to examine workplace safety using health communication theory and research. A field study using a random sample of production workers (n=645) in a manufacturing organization was conducted, to investigate individuals’ risk perception and efficacy beliefs and to validate the predictions of the risk perception attitude framework. Results were consistent with the theory, as risk and efficacy jointly predicted safety behavior, behavioral intentions, and safety information-seeking intentions. Given a particular level of risk, those with greater efficacy beliefs displayed more positive safety outcomes than those with lower efficacy beliefs. The responsive group (high risk, high efficacy) reported safer outcomes than the avoidant group (high risk, low efficacy) and the proactive group (low risk, high efficacy) reported safer outcomes than the indifferent group (low risk, low efficacy). This theoretical frame provides practical directions as to what shapes the safety behaviors and communication patterns of workers in dangerous jobs and offers insights for safety information-seeking and workplace safety.
Pulmonary vasodilator effects of norepinephrine during the development of chronic pulmonary hypertension in neonatal lambs.

BACKGROUND This experimental study was performed to determine the effects of norepinephrine on: (i) the pulmonary vascular tone during the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the fetus and (ii) the circulatory adaptation at birth after chronic intrauterine PH. METHODS Chronically instrumented fetal lambs were randomized into two groups: (i) a group with PH obtained by antenatal partial ligation of the ductus arteriosus (DA) (n=9) and (ii) a control group without DA ligation (n=6). Pulmonary vascular responses to norepinephrine (1.5 microg min(-1)) were measured in utero 7 days after surgery. At day 8 post-surgery, after delivery, animals were ventilated for 3 h with oxygen 100%. The group with PH was randomly assigned to receive norepinephrine or saline. RESULTS Mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were higher in the PH group (P<0.01). Norepinephrine-induced decrease in PVR was more pronounced in the PH group than in the control group (63 vs 35%, respectively; P<0.01). In the PH group, the decrease in PVR during mechanical ventilation was greater in the animals receiving norepinephrine than in the animal receiving saline (from 1.05 (0.12) to 0.1 (0.02) vs from 1.04 (0.1) to 0.2 (0.04) mm Hg ml(-1) min(-1), respectively; P<0.01). After 3 h of ventilation, mean PVR in the PH lambs treated by norepinephrine was similar to those measured in the control lambs. Aortic pressure was higher in the group treated with norepinephrine. CONCLUSION The data suggest that norepinephrine may improve post-natal pulmonary adaptation in the newborn with persistent PH both by increasing systemic vascular pressure and by increasing pulmonary blood flow.
Spectral gap and log-Sobolev constant for balanced matroids

We compute tight lower bounds on the log-Sobolev constant of a class of inductively defined Markov chains, which contains the bases-exchange walks for balanced matroids studied by Feder and Mihail. As a corollary, we obtain improved upper bounds for the mixing time of a variety of Markov chains. An example: the "natural" random walk on spanning trees of a graph G as proposed by Broder - which has been studied by a number of authors - mixes in time O(mn log n), where n is the number of vertices of G and m the number of edges. This beats the best previous upper bound on this walk by a factor n/sup 2/.
Exploring gender differences in quality of life

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine gender differences with regard to physical activity, psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life in patients with severe mental illness. In addition, associations between the variables are to be explored.Design/methodology/approach – A cross‐sectional design was employed. Eighteen patients, 12 men and six women, were assessed at admission to hospital with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the WHO Quality of Life‐Bref. Mann‐Whitney U‐tests, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and partial correlation were used in the statistical analyses.Findings – Women had lower levels of quality of life and trended towards being more depressed than men, whereas men had more global psychiatric symptoms. When controlling for depression in the participants, the bivariate relationships between male gender and higher quality of life were weakened. The findings indicate that the initial association between gender and.
Reversal Learning in Octopus Vulgaris Lamarck with and without Irrelevant Cues

Three groups of eight octopuses each were trained on a brightness discrimination and its reversal. Within each group half the animals were overtrained on the original problem and half were not. For Group I the discrimination was a simple one, for the other two groups irrelevant cues were introduced (for Group II position and for Group III orientation). It was found that the overtrained animals learnt the reversal significantly faster than the non-overtrained only where irrelevant cues were present (i.e. only in Groups II and III). The results are discussed in relation to various theories of discrimination reversal.
Satisfaction levels with a community night nursing service.

AIM To compare the satisfaction levels of patients and carers with a community night nursing service. METHOD Thirty seven patients and 23 carers completed satisfaction postal questionnaires. Respondents were further subdivided into acute, chronic and terminally ill patients and their carers. RESULTS Satisfaction levels with the service were generally high, although respondents from the terminally ill group showed the lowest levels of satisfaction overall. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that results between the groups were not significantly different (Chi-square (chi2) test = 3.52; df = 2; P = 0.172). CONCLUSION Although the results demonstrated positive levels of satisfaction with the community night nursing service, there were some respondents who indicated a low level of satisfaction. This could be explained by patients' and carers' lack of autonomy and inadequate provision of psychological care.
Homesickness at Summer Camp: Associations with the Mother-Child Relationship, Social Self-Concept, and Peer Relationships in Middle Childhood

The goal of the present study was to investigate how the quality of the mother-child relationship, social self-concept, and the quality of peer relationships predict girls’ feelings of homesickness at a residential summer camp. We expected that children with secure attachments to their mothers, a more positive social self-concept, and better relationships with peers would report less homesickness at camp. Girls were 8 to 12 years of age. Mother-child attachment was assessed with a questionnaire and an interview completed prior to camp. Social self-concept was assessed with a questionnaire prior to camp, and peer relationships were assessed with questionnaires at camp. Peer relationships and social self-concept, but not mother-child attachment, were related to homesickness at camp. Social self-concept prior to camp and peer social support and friendship quality at camp predicted subsequent homesickness, whereas homesickness early in camp did not predict later assessments of peer relationships at camp. The findings suggest that social self-concept and relationships with peers may be protective factors for homesickness at summer camp.
Safe, Affirming, and Productive Spaces

Responding to recent reports that Latina students often lack feelings of belonging at school and are dropping out in increasing numbers, this study explores how classroom environments influence engagement or disengagement among Latina students. Through case studies with five Latina 10th-grade students, this research examines how variations in the learning environment along three dimensions influence variations in classroom engagement as students travel from class to class in a given school day. Marshaling interview and observational data, the author demonstrates that Latina students experience the greatest levels of classroom engagement in learning spaces that are safe, affirming, and productive.
Luminous hot accretion discs

We find a new two-temperature hot branch of equilibrium solutions for stationary accretion discs around black holes. In units of Eddington accretion rate defined as 10LEddc2, the accretion rates to which these solutions correspond are within the range m1≲m≲1, where m1 is the critical rate of advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF). In these solutions, the energy loss rate of the ions by Coulomb energy transfer between the ions and electrons is larger than the viscously heating rate and it is the advective heating together with the viscous dissipation that balances the Coulomb cooling of ions. When m1≲m≲m2, where m2∼5m1<1, the accretion flow remains hot throughout the disc. When m2≲m≲1, Coulomb interaction will cool the inner region of the disc within a certain radius (rtr∼several tens of Schwarzschild radii or larger depending on the accretion rate and the outer boundary condition) and the disc will collapse on to the equatorial plane and form an optically thick cold annulus. Compared with ADAF, these hot solutions are much more luminous because of the high accretion rate and efficiency; therefore, we call them luminous hot accretion discs.
Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation Promote Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Enhancing Angiogenesis

Radiotherapy is a widely used treatment option in cancer. However, recent evidence suggests that doses of ionizing radiation (IR) delivered inside the tumor target volume, during fractionated radiotherapy, can promote tumor invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, the tissues that surround the tumor area are also exposed to low doses of IR that are lower than those delivered inside the tumor mass, because external radiotherapy is delivered to the tumor through multiple radiation beams, in order to prevent damage of organs at risk. The biological effects of these low doses of IR on the healthy tissue surrounding the tumor area, and in particular on the vasculature remain largely to be determined. We found that doses of IR lower or equal to 0.8 Gy enhance endothelial cell migration without impinging on cell proliferation or survival. Moreover, we show that low-dose IR induces a rapid phosphorylation of several endothelial cell proteins, including the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Receptor-2 and induces VEGF production in hypoxia mimicking conditions. By activating the VEGF Receptor-2, low-dose IR enhances endothelial cell migration and prevents endothelial cell death promoted by an anti-angiogenic drug, bevacizumab. In addition, we observed that low-dose IR accelerates embryonic angiogenic sprouting during zebrafish development and promotes adult angiogenesis during zebrafish fin regeneration and in the murine Matrigel assay. Using murine experimental models of leukemia and orthotopic breast cancer, we show that low-dose IR promotes tumor growth and metastasis and that these effects were prevented by the administration of a VEGF receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor immediately before IR exposure. These findings demonstrate a new mechanism to the understanding of the potential pro-metastatic effect of IR and may provide a new rationale basis to the improvement of current radiotherapy protocols.
Association of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis infection with inflammatory diarrhea.

BACKGROUND Diarrheal illnesses remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with increasing recognition of long-term sequelae, including postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome and growth faltering, as well as cognitive deficits in children. Identification of specific etiologic agents is often lacking. In vitro and in vivo data suggest that enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) may contribute to the burden of colonic inflammatory diarrheal disease. The study goal was to investigate the pathogenesis of ETBF diarrheal illnesses. METHODS We performed an observational study of children and adults with acute diarrheal illnesses in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2004 through November 2005, to define the clinical presentation, intestinal inflammatory responses, and systemic and intestinal antibody responses to ETBF. Other enteric pathogens were also evaluated. RESULTS ETBF was identified to cause a clinical syndrome with marked abdominal pain and nonfebrile inflammatory diarrhea in both children (age, >1 year) and adults. Fecal leukocytes, lactoferrin, and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha)-as well as B. fragilis toxin systemic antitoxin responses-increased rapidly in ETBF-infected patients. Evidence of intestinal inflammation often persisted for at least 3 weeks, despite antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSIONS ETBF infection is a newly recognized cause of inflammatory diarrhea in children and adults. Future studies are needed to evaluate the role of ETBF in persistent colonic inflammation and other morbid sequelae of acute diarrheal disease.