Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deepening Roots: Building a Task-Centered Peer Mentoring Community

The article describes a task-centered, peer-mentoring (TCPM) group initiated by a group of female junior faculty to support one another toward tenure and work/life balance. It describes a qualitative study that investigated the peer-mentoring experiences of the participants and explored the implications and complications of peer-mentoring relationships for women in academia. The article begins by describing the group's formation in the context of literature that highlights challenges faced by untenured female faculty; next, it describes the task-centered group process and offers a theoretical framework based on feminist pedagogy. The results of the study and implications for further research and peer-mentoring practice in higher education are presented.
Isolation and In Vitro Differentiation of Conditionally Immortalized Murine Olfactory Receptor Neurons

Two major challenges exist in our understanding of the olfactory system. One concerns the enormous combinatorial code underlying odorant discrimination by odorant receptors. The other relates to neurogenesis and neuronal development in the olfactory epithelium. To address these issues, continuous cell cultures containing olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) were obtained from olfactory epithelia of H-2Kb-tsA58 transgenic mice. ORNs were detected and characterized by immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blot for the markers Gαolf, adenylyl cyclase III, the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunits, and olfactory marker protein. In culture, epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor stimulated proliferation, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 induced cellular maturation. Clonal cell lines were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting with anti-neural cell adhesion molecule antibodies, and of 144 single cells plated, 39 clones were expanded, propagated, and stored in liquid nitrogen. All attempts at recovery of clonal lines from frozen stocks have been successful. The most thoroughly characterized clone, 3NA12, expressed ORN markers and responded to stimulation by single odorants. Each odorant activated ∼1% of cells in a clonal line, and this suggests that many different odorant receptors may be expressed by these clonal cells. Therefore, these cell lines and the method by which they have been obtained represent a significant advance in the generation of olfactory cell cultures and provide a system to investigate odorant coding and olfactory neurogenesis.
Critical Features Predicting Sustained Implementation of School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports

The current study explored the extent to which a common measure of perceived implementation of critical features of Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) predicted fidelity of implementation 3 years later. Respondents included school personnel from 261 schools across the United States implementing PBIS. School teams completed the Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports Self-Assessment Survey to self-assess fidelity of implementation in different PBIS settings (school-wide, nonclassroom, classroom, individual). These scores were then analyzed to assess whether certain items predicted the fidelity of PBIS implementation, as assessed through another fidelity of implementation measure, the School-Wide Benchmarks of Quality, 3 years later. Regression analyses indicated that self-reported fidelity of implementation of Classrooms Systems significantly predicted sustained implementation and student outcomes, as assessed through levels of Office Discipline Referrals. Within Classroom Systems, regular acknowledgment of expected behaviors, matching instruction to student ability, and access to additional support were the strongest predictors of sustained implementation. Results are discussed in terms of critical areas for focusing PBIS training to increase the likelihood of sustained implementation.
A Decade of Teacher Empowerment: An Empirical Analysis of Teacher Involvement in Decision Making, 1980‐1991

During the past decade considerable attention has been placed on enhancing teacher professionalism primarily through increasing teacher participation in decision making regarding issues affecting teachers′ schools and classrooms. This focus on teacher involvement in decision making is not without precedent. Studies pertaining to participative decision making have guided the field and practice of educational administration for over 40 years. Nonetheless, questions continue to persist regarding how to engage teachers most effectively in decision making. Is a replication of a study conducted in 1980 which investigated the extent of teacher involvement in schoolwide and instructional issues, teachers′ interest and expertise in decision issues, and teachers′ job satisfaction. The intent of the replication was to determine if, after a decade of attention on enhancing teacher involvement in decision making, teachers′ perceptions of their actual and desired involvement and their job satisfaction have changed. Thi.
Effect of albumin on diuretic response to furosemide in patients with hypoalbuminemia.

BACKGROUND Albumin is broadly prescribed for critically ill patients although it does not have a mortality benefit over crystalloids. One common use of albumin is to promote diuresis. Objectives To compare urine output in patients treated with furosemide with and without albumin and to assess other variables possibly associated with enhanced diuresis. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on patients in a medical intensive care unit who received furosemide therapy as a continuous infusion with and without 25% albumin for more than 6 hours. Primary end points were urine output and net fluid loss. RESULTS A total of 31 patients were included in the final analysis. Mean urine output in patients treated with furosemide alone did not differ significantly from output in patients treated with furo-semide plus albumin at 6, 24, and 48 hours: mean output, 1119 (SD, 597) mL vs 1201 (SD, 612) mL, P = . 56; 4323 (SD, 1717) mL vs 4615 (SD, 1741) mL, P = . 42; and 7563 mL (SD, 2766) vs 7432 (SD, 2324) mL, P = . 94, respectively. Additionally, net fluid loss did not differ significantly between the 2 groups at 6, 24, and 48 hours. Higher concentrations of serum albumin did not improve urine output. The only independent variable significantly associated with enhanced urine output at 24 and 48 hours was increased fluid intake. CONCLUSION Addition of albumin to a furosemide infusion did not enhance diuresis obtained with furosemide alone in critically ill patients.
Havens of Hope or the Killing Fields

This study focused on the actions and relationships among educators, which promoted an environment of failure or success for African American students. The researchers examined the perspectives of teachers and administrators as related to pedagogy and practice in a Midwestern urban middle school. Specifically, the study employed ethnographic strategies to develop a comprehensive case study. Emergent areas included challenges related to leadership, pedagogy, and relationships within an urban school in an era of heightened accountability.
A typology of psychosocial functioning in pediatric closed-head injury

Abstract A typology of psychosocial functioning following pediatric closed-head injury (CHI) was derived by subjecting Personality Inventory for Children-Revised (PIC-R) profiles to cluster analyses. Participants (N = 128) aged 6 to 16 years were classified into mild, moderate, and severe injury groups based on loss of consciousness (LOC), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and so forth. On average, subjects were injured at 8.78 years of age and were assessed 2.12 years following their injury. Using four hierarchical-agglomera-tive clustering techniques, a seven-subtype typology was derived that overlapped, in part, with typologies previously reported for children with learning disabilities (LD). Based on clinical scale elevations of the mean PIC-R profiles, the subtypes were labeled Normal, Cognitive Deficit, Somatic Concern, Mild Anxiety, Internalized Psychopathology, Antisocial, and Social Isolation. Statistically significant relationships were found between psychosocial subtype membership and (a) injury severi.
How machine delays change user strategies

As machine response delays vary, the most important effect on users may be not their annoyance but that they change the way they use an interface. Even the very simple task of copytyping three digit numbers gives rise to at least three different user strategies (i.e. procedures). However the effect seems not be a simple function of delay length, contrary to earlier reported work. Instead users are probably shifting between strategies more fluidly.
Open Education and Pupil Control Ideologies of Teachers

AbstractHypotheses concerning the relationships among attitudes toward open education, open educational practices, and custodialism in pupil control ideology were developed and tested. The Teacher Attitude Inventory (TAI), the Evans Classroom Observation Rating Scale, and the Pupil Control Ideology Form (PCI) were used to measure the attitudes and behavior of eighty suburban elementary and middle school teachers. All expectations were confirmed. Open attitudes were directly related to open practices, and custodial pupil control orientation was inversely related to open attitudes and open patterns of classroom behavior. A humanistic pupil control ideology seems likely to be a necessary condition of open education.
The role of peer groups in adolescents' educational trajectories

The present study investigated whether the members of adolescents' peer groups show similar educational trajectories from comprehensive school to either senior secondary or vocational education, and to what extent their educational expectations, academic achievement, family structure, and parents' SES predict these trajectories. Five hundred thirty adolescents filled in a questionnaire focusing on their educational expectations, academic achievement and family background variables before the transition to post-comprehensive education. They were also asked to nominate three peers with whom they most liked to spend their time. After the transition, they reported the school form they were in. The results showed that adolescents who belonged to the same peer group at the end of comprehensive school shared similar educational trajectories later on. Moreover, family background factors shared by peer-group members predicted the academic trajectories typical of the peer group.
Autonomous Navigation and Exploration of a Quadrotor Helicopter in GPS-denied Indoor Environments

This paper presents our solution for enabling a quadrotor he licopter to autonomously navigate, explore and locate objects of interest in unstructured and unknown i ndoor environments. We describe the design and operation of our quadrotor helicopter, before pres enting the software architecture and individual algorithms necessary for executing the mission. Experimen tal results are presented demonstrating the quadrotor’s ability to operate autonomously in indoor envi ronments. Finally, we address some of the logistical and risk management issues pertaining to our ent ry i he competition.
Making the System Work

Three 4-to 7-year-old pediatric oncology patients were taught to engage in distraction prior to painful bone marrow asporations and limber puncture and to use party blowers as a breathing technique during the painful procedures. Parents were taught to coach their children to use these coping behavior. Using a multiple baseline across subjects design, results indicated that all of the parents increased their rate of coaching. Each child responded with increased coping and decreased observable distress on the next two sessions. The other two children maintained their high rates of coping and low rates of observable distress during the remaining treatment and during the maintenance sessions. Parents' coaching of theri children to use coping behaviors also remained high during maintenance sessions.
Confirmatory factor analysis of adolescent self- and informant ratings of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a widely used assessment instrument and is available in informant- and self-rated versions. This study aimed to assess the construct validity of the scale and estimate the correlations between informant and self-report scores using confirmatory factor analysis. The analysis was based on data from a sample of 202 primary and post-primary school pupils (42.3% males) with a mean age of 12.5 years. A confirmatory factor analytic model with the five-factor structure of the SDQ for both informant and self-report scores was specified and tested. Fit statistics indicated acceptable model fit. The findings suggest that SDQ possesses reasonable measurement properties for both the self-report and informant-rated versions.
Development of microsatellite markers for genetic diversity analysis in Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822) and Rhinogobius giurinus (Rutter, 1897)

Microsatellite-enriched libraries were constructed from Glossogobius giuris and Rhinogobius giurinus. BLAST analysis revealed significant homology of the clones with microsatellite-rich regions in other teleosts and other members of Gobiidae. Eight microsatellite primers were designed and tested for cross- amplification in two other goby species, Glossogobius celebius and Gobiopterus lacustris. Four primer pairs amplified putative microsatellite loci in all four species. Four other primer pairs amplified loci in at least two species. Primer Rh18 was the most informative and exhibited the greatest number of polymorphic alleles (PIC=0.7262; N a =7). Two other primers, Rh51 and Gi47 were also informative markers with PIC values ≥ 0.5. Using five primers, both G. giuris and R. giurinus samples exhibited moderately high values of genetic diversity based on the number of alleles (~5), percent polymorphism (53%), and observed (61%) and expected (58%) heterozygosities.
Are Good Teachers Perceived as High Self-Monitors?

Three studies provided evidence for the relationship between self-monitoring and teaching. In Study 1, students rated either their "best "or "worst "teacher on a scale measuring self-monitoring (Lennox & Wolfe, 1984). As hypothesized, good teachers were perceived as significantly higher in self-monitoring than poor teachers. In Study 2, subjects imagined tutoring an "anxious "and an "overconfident" student. High self-monitors rated themselves significantly more able than low self-monitors to change their teaching style to fit the needs of the students described. Study 3, which replicated the first study, used Snyder's (1974) Self-Monitoring Scale, but found no significant differences in overall self-monitoring score for "best" and "worst" teachers. Analyses of the three subscales, however, revealed significant differences in opposite directions. "Best " teachers were rated significantly higher in Extraversion and lower in Other-Directedness than "worst" teachers. Results were discussed in light of the controversy over the nature of the self-monitoring construct and how best to measure it.
The Ethical Context in Organizations: Influences on Employee Attitudes and Behaviors

Abstract: This field survey focused on two constructs that have been developed to represent the ethical context in organizations: ethical climate and ethical culture. We first examined issues of convergence and divergence between these constructs through factor analysis and correlational analysis. Results suggested that the two constructs are measuring somewhat different, but strongly related dimensions of the ethical context. We then investigated the relationships between the emergent ethical context factors and an ethics-related attitude (organizational commitment) and behavior (observed unethical conduct) for respondents who work in organizations with and without ethics codes. Regression results indicated that an ethical culture-based dimension was more strongly associated with observed unethical conduct in code organizations while climate-based dimensions were more strongly associated with observed unethical conduct in non-code organizations. Ethical culture and ethical climate-based factors influenced organizational commitment similarly in both types of organizations. Normative implications of the study are discussed, as are implications for future theorizing, research and management practice.
Emotional intelligence: what is it, and do Anglican clergy have it?

The development of the term “emotional intelligence” (EI), its conceptualisation and three attempts to measure it are outlined. The Assessing Emotions Scale is used as part of a longitudinal study with Anglican clergy in England and Wales in their 14th year in ordained ministry. Clergy by their role are expected to be pastors, counsellors and visitors. Contrary to expectations, the clergy scored lower on EI than any other group reported by the authors of the Assessing Emotions Scale.
Governance Challenges of Technological Systems Convergence

The convergence of several technological systems (especially nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and robotics) has now been adopted as a strategic goal by several countries, most notably the United States and those of the European Union. The anticipated benefits and related fears of competitive disadvantage have brought together a wide range of interested parties, governmental and nongovernmental. In the rush to enter and/or dominate this arena, the benign promise of converging technologies (CT) are highlighted, although a range of risks and less welcome (if difficult to quantify) implications are at best understated. What, then, are the prospects for exercising governance over the technological systems we are busy creating—and the uses to which they might be put? What will it mean to speak of “global governance” in a world in which the technological promise of CT has been fulfilled?
Magnetic and electric brain activity evoked by the processing of tone and vowel stimuli

Sustained magnetic and electric brain waves may reflect linguistic processing when elicited by auditory speech stimuli. In the present study, only in the latency interval subsequent to the N1m/N1 has a sensitivity of brain responses to features of speech been demonstrated. We conclude this from studying the auditory-evoked magnetic field (AEF) and the corresponding evoked potential (AEP) in response to vowels and a tone. Brain activity was recorded from the left and the right hemisphere of 11 subjects. Three aspects of transient activity were examined: (1) the amplitudes and source characteristics of the N1m component of the AEF; (2) the amplitudes and source characteristics of the sustained field (SF), and (3) the corresponding amplitude characteristics of the AEP. Sustained potential amplitudes and SF root mean square amplitudes, as well as the dipole strength of the SF source, were found to be larger for vowel-evoked signals than for signals elicited by the tone stimulus. The amplitude and dipole strength effects had an interaction with hemisphere, with larger interhemispheric differences for the vowel condition, as well as larger tone-vowel differences of these parameters in the speech-dominant left hemisphere. No statistically significant hemisphere-by-stimulus-type interactions were found in N1/N1m amplitudes and N1m source parameters.
Synchronous beta rhythms of frontoparietal networks support only behaviorally relevant representations

Categorization has been associated with distributed networks of the primate brain, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Although category-selective spiking in PFC and PPC has been established, the frequency-dependent dynamic interactions of frontoparietal networks are largely unexplored. We trained monkeys to perform a delayed-match-to-spatial-category task while recording spikes and local field potentials from the PFC and PPC with multiple electrodes. We found category-selective beta- and delta-band synchrony between and within the areas. However, in addition to the categories, delta synchrony and spiking activity also reflected irrelevant stimulus dimensions. By contrast, beta synchrony only conveyed information about the task-relevant categories. Further, category-selective PFC neurons were synchronized with PPC beta oscillations, while neurons that carried irrelevant information were not. These results suggest that long-range beta-band synchrony could act as a filter that only supports neural representations of the variables relevant to the task at hand. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.17822. 001
Glucose Effects on Memory and Other Neuropsychological Tests in Elderly Humans

Recent experiments indicate that peripheral glucose administration enhances memory in rodents and humans. This study examined the effects of glucose on memory and nonmemory measures of neuropsychological functioning in elderly humans. Healthy older adults were given a series of neuropsychological tests after drinking glucose- or saccharin-flavored lemonade. A repeated measures design using counter-balanced beverages and tests was used. Glucose enhanced performance on declarative memory tests but not on short-term or nonmemory neuropsychological measures. Glucose tolerance predicted performance on declarative memory tasks but not on other measures.
Street justice: a theoretical paradigm

Three theoretical perspectives examine the role of justice as a means of informal social control and as a reactionary process to dynamics of social strain and subcultural demands. This theoretical analysis is then applied to concepts of justice, including retributive, distributive, restorative, and procedural. The derived street justice paradigm incorporates these various forms of justice as they are linked with cultural imperatives associated with street culture and street crime. The linking of these concepts provides a clearer understanding of the motives and means of exacting justice in a state of heightened relative strain that is pronounced by a preference for revenge and violence. Implications for policy, future study, and theoretical expansion are discussed with particular emphasis on the application of the paradigm to non‐street crime and to policies directed toward involving community members in the justice process.
On Knowing When to Engage: How Activation of Self-motives Moderates the Relationship between Self-esteem and Task Performance

Evidence of a relationship between self-esteem and performance has been inconclusive; this suggests that there are additional factors moderating this relationship. One such factor could be self-motives. The present study investigated the effect of activating these motives on performance in participants of varying levels of self-esteem. Two studies were conducted to test the effect of self-assessment motive (Study 1) and self-enhancement or self-improvement motives (Study 2) on the aforementioned relationship. Results showed that self-esteem was related to performance only when execution of the task was relevant to the fulfillment of self-motives. Self-esteem turned out to be unrelated to performance in the control groups that received no motive activation. Thus, this study provides evidence of the moderating effect of self-motives on the relationship between self-esteem and performance, with potential of other classes of factors to be investigated in further studies.