Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Training and Innovation Activities in Enterprises

We examine the relationship between enterprises’ use of employee training (or education) as a method to stimulate new ideas or creativity among their staff and enterprises’ innovation activities. A data set of 5204 Norwegian enterprises is used. Based on correlation coefficients, we find a positive relationship between enterprises’ use of employee training and their innovation activities. This relationship is not found significant for innovative enterprises that developed the innovations mainly by themselves or together with external partners if we control for enterprises’ use of brainstorming sessions and/or work teams to stimulate new ideas or creativity among their staff. Training can, however, be argued to be indirectly related to innovation strategies, as it is combined with other human resource practices.
Baby steps: pedometer-determined and self-reported leisure-time exercise behaviors of pregnant women.

BACKGROUND Research examining women's pregnancy physical activity (PA) behaviors with objective measures is scant. Therefore, 2 studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of pregnant women wearing pedometers and to examine women's self-reported and objectively measured PA behaviors. METHODS Participants were pregnant women (Study 1 N=50, Study 2 N=30) who completed the Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ) and wore a Yamax pedometer for 3 consecutive days during free living at 20- and 32-weeks gestation. RESULTS As predicted in Study 1, we found (a) 100% participant agreement in wearing the pedometer and (b) LTEQ min and pedometer-determined indices classified 67% to 86% of the participants as insufficiently active at 20-weeks gestation. In Study 2, as hypothesized, (a) mean steps/d, LTEQ total, strenuous, and mild min of PA were positively associated at 20- and 32-weeks gestation; (b) mean steps/d and LTEQ strenuous min significantly declined from 20- to 32-weeks gestation; and (c) more women were classified as sedentary and low active at 32-weeks (73%) compared with 20-weeks gestation (50%). CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with previous epidemiological evidence documenting the decline in women's PA behaviors across the trimesters. They also illustrate that pedometer-determined indices might be a useful tool facilitating PA adoption and maintenance during pregnancy.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KUALITAS LAYANAN,KOMITMEN DAN KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAPLOYALITAS KONSUMEN(Studi Kasus Pada Nasabah Tabungan SIMPEDA Bank JATENG)

Decline of tabungan simpeda user means decline of customer loyalty. This study analysed causality relationship between service quality, commitment, trust to customer loyalty. This study included five hypotheses that would be examined. Data from 100 respondents from Tabungan Simpeda user was analysed with structural equation modelling in AMOS 4.0 program. All hypotheses were accepted that showed relationship causality among variables. The result of this research proved that service quality has a positive impact on commitment and trust, commitment has a positive impact on customer loyalty and commitment and trust is positively related to customer loyalty. The result also showed that ser has more influence to relationship marketing than other exogenous variable, Recent study also related the result with theoretical and managerial implication. Managerial implication recommend management of Bank Jateng to maintain loyalty with enhance service quality Limitation of this study and future agenda can be used as a reference by next researchers. Adanya temuan yang menunjukkan menurunnya jumlah nasabah Tabungan Simpeda Bank Jateng mengindikasikan bahwa kualitas layanan bukan satu-satunya prediktor yang menentukan loyalitas pelanggan. Dalam pada itu, Roberts, et al (2003) mengemukakan perlunya penelitian yang lebih mendalam mengenai kaitan antara kualitas layanan dan loyalitas pelanggan dengan memperhatikan variabel komitmen dan kepercayaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa sebuah model dari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi loyalitas pelanggan yaitu kualitas layanan, komitmen dan kepercayaan. Data dikumpulkan dari 100 responden yang berasal dari nasabah tabungan Simpeda Bank Jateng. Kemudian data penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan structural equation modelling dengan program AMOS 4.0. Semua hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini diterima, sehingga model tersebut dapat menggambarkan hubungan kausalitas yang terjalin antar variabel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan positif antara kualitas layanan terhadap komitmen dan kepercayaan, ada hubungan positif antara kualitas layanan dan loyalitas pelanggan serta ada hubungan positif antara komitmen dan kepercayaan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan. Dalam penelitian ini juga menghubungkan hasil penelitian ini terhadap implikasi teoritis maupun managerial. Implikasi manajerial merekomendasikan agar pihak manajemen Bank Jateng dapat meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan dengan menekankan pada peningkatan kualitas layanan melalui pemberian training kepada karyawan. Keterbatasan dari penelitian ini dan agenda penelitian mendatang dapat digunakan sebagai referensi oleh peneliti berikutnya.
eview ultisensory perceptual learning and sensory substitution

One of the most exciting recent findings in neuroscience has been the capacity for neural plasticity in adult humans and animals. Studies of perceptual learning have provided key insights into the mechanisms of neural plasticity and the changes in functional neuroanatomy that it affords. Key questions in this field of research concern how practice of a task leads to specific or general improvement. Although much of this work has been carried out with a focus on a single sensory modality, primarily visual, there is increasing interest in multisensory perceptual learning. Here we will examine how advances in perceptual learning research both inform and can be informed by the development and advancement of sensory substitution devices for blind persons. To allow ‘sight’ to occur in the absence of visual input through the eyes, visual information can be transformed by a sensory substitution device into a representation that can be processed as sound or touch, and thus give one the potential to ‘see’ through
Union Rent Seeking, Intangible Capital, and Market Value of the Firm

This study considers the effect of unions on intangible capital investment and profitability within t he context of market value rather than a more traditional accounting-based appro ach. Theory is provided suggesting unions are able to affect profitability by sh aring in the economic returns to firm-specific intangible capital. Insupport of this hypothesis, we find unionization reduces the returns to R&D and produces a corresponding limiting influence on R&D investment at the firm level. Copyright 1986 by MIT Press.
Improving Learning Outcomes by Developing Instructional Media-Based Adobe Flash Professional CS 5 . 5 on Principles of Business Subject

This study aims to: 1) producing instructional media on the subject of business principles of X class Marketing, 2) determining the advisability of the used media based learning Adobe Flash Professional CS 5.5 on the lesson business principles of X class Marketing, 3) determining differences students’ result after conducted learning media based on Adobe Flash Professional CS 5.5. Research and Development based on Sugiyono 2012 that used step of potential and problem, data collection, design product, design validation, product revision, product experiment, design revision, using experiment, product revision, and massive production. The percentage of product from expert media validation, expert material validation, student’s group limited and student’s group experiment showed very valid of the criteria or feasible to use without revision/improvement. Student result learning based on the post test showed high enough differences between the class experiment and class control which were evidenced by tcount greater than the score ttable. Based on the comparison of the results of the study it can be concluded that the learning media based Adobe Flash Professional CS 5.5 was very useful and can improve result of student’s learning.
Mechanism of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor-mediated facilitation of synaptic activity in prefrontal cortex

Classic hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide are thought to elicit their psychotropic actions via serotonin receptors of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A subtype (5-HT2AR). One likely site for these effects is the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Previous studies have shown that activation of 5-HT2ARs in this region results in a robust increase in spontaneous glutamatergic synaptic activity, and these results have led to the widely held idea that hallucinogens elicit their effect by modulating synaptic transmission within the PFC. Here, we combine cellular and molecular biological approaches, including single-cell 5-HT2ARs inactivation and 5-HT2AR rescue over a 5-HT2AR knockout genetic background, to distinguish between competing hypotheses accounting for these effects. The results from these experiments do not support the idea that 5-HT2ARs elicit the release of an excitatory retrograde messenger nor that they activate thalamocortical afferents, the two dominant hypotheses. Rather, they suggest that 5-HT2ARs facilitate intrinsic networks within the PFC. Consistent with this idea, we locate a discrete subpopulation of pyramidal cells that is strongly excited by 5-HT2AR activation.
Recognizing Implicit Discourse Relations via Repeated Reading: Neural Networks with Multi-Level Attention

Recognizing implicit discourse relations is a challenging but important task in the field of Natural Language Processing. For such a complex text processing task, different from previous studies, we argue that it is necessary to repeatedly read the arguments and dynamically exploit the efficient features useful for recognizing discourse relations. To mimic the repeated reading strategy, we propose the neural networks with multi-level attention (NNMA), combining the attention mechanism and external memories to gradually fix the attention on some specific words helpful to judging the discourse relations. Experiments on the PDTB dataset show that our proposed method achieves the state-of-art results. The visualization of the attention weights also illustrates the progress that our model observes the arguments on each level and progressively locates the important words.
Cost Behaviour – An Empirical Investigation For Euro Area Countries

Costs are an important component for businesses as they affect the results and hence the firm position. Therefore, to understand how they vary with changes in output and what factors influence them is fundamental, not only for managers, but for all agents related to organizations. The traditional theory predicts the existence of two types of costs, the variables and the fixed ones. However, an alternative hypothesis has emerged that accounts for an empirical phenomenon, the "cost stickiness", and later the "anti-stickiness", in which the behaviour of costs is based on discretionary management decisions, under different circumstances. In this paper, we show that the operating costs of Euro Area companies are sticky, since in the face of a positive change in sales costs increase more than decrease when sales fall by the same amount. In addition, we have documented that this phenomenon is reinforced in countries where labour law is more rigid and those whose intervention by the Troika has been necessary, because these two aspects increase the adjustment costs.
Why Do They Want to Learn English ? A Self-Determination Theory

The present study intends to identify potential L2 orientation variables that may explain some proportion of the variances associated with Korean university students’ perceived English proficiency. To this end, four subtypes of motivation suggested by self-determination theory (i.e., external regulation, introjected regulation, identified, regulation, and intrinsic motivation) were subjected to the multiple regression analysis with perceived English proficiency served as the dependent variable. Furthermore, to detect the existence of potential variables that mediate the relationship between the four SDT orientation variables and perceived English proficiency, an additional regression analysis was performed with the four orientation variables plus motivational intensity served as the independent variable. Results of the regression analyses suggest that intrinsic motivation was the most powerful predictor of Korean students’ perceived English proficiency, followed by introjected regulation. However, the additional mediator analysis indicates that the effect of intrinsic motivation on students’ perceived English proficiency was insignificant, once the effect of motivational intensity on perceived English proficiency was considered, thereby demonstrating the mediating role of motivational intensity played between intrinsic motivation and perceived English proficiency. These findings were also confirmed through a post-hoc structural analysis.
Feed versus Food: The Future Challenge and Balance for Farming

Demand for livestock products in the past three decades has increased rapidly, especially in developing countries. This increase has resulted in, and will continue to cause, increased demand for feed. This paper examines existing projections of global feed demand and supply with an emphasis on China. It first presents the emerging trends in demand for feed and food, followed by global perspectives of feed demand and supply. It then highlights the challenges facing future farming in its endeavour to meet the increasing demand for feed. Finally, the paper sheds light on whether the livestock revolution will offer much opportunity to farmers, especially small farmers in the developing countries and those at home in Australia.
A classification of hand preference by association analysis.

An association analysis was made of the responses of young adults to a hand-preference questionnaire. Many patterns of preference were distinguished and there were no marked differences between adjacent classes. These findings are believed to demonstrate that hand preference is distributed continuously and not discretely. When it is necessary to classify handedness, the preference continuum can be divided at several levels of discrimination. A second study of hand preference and manual speed showed that it is possible to order the main preference groups for asymmetry of manual skill. Some of the problems of studies of laterality are examined as possible consequences of the treatment of a continuous distribution as if it were discrete.
Pathogenesis of ligaments ossification in spondyloarthritis: insights and doubts

Abstract Despite intensive research in spondyloarthritis pathogenesis, some important questions still remain unanswered, particularly concerning enthesis new bone formation. Several evidences suggest that it prevalently occurs by endochondral ossification, however it remains to identify factors that can induce and influence its initiation and progression. Recent progress, achieved in animal models and in vitro and genetic association studies, has led us to hypothesize that several systemic factors (adipokines and gut hormones) and local factors (BMP and Wnt signaling) as well as angiogenesis and mechanical stress are involved. We critically review and summarize the available data and delineate the possible mechanisms involved in enthesis ossification, particularly at spinal ligament level. KEY MESSAGES Complete understanding of spondyloarthritis pathophysiology requires insights into inflammation, bone destruction and bone formation, which are all located in entheses and lead all together to ankylosis and functional disability. Several factors probably play a role in the pathogenesis of bone formation in entheses including not only cytokines but also several systemic factors such as adipokines and gut hormones, and local factors, such as BMP and Wnt signaling, as well as angiogenesis and mechanical stress. Data available about pathophysiology of new bone formation in spondyloarthritis are limited and often conflicting and future studies are needed to better delineate it and to develop new therapeutic approaches.
Periodic orbit theory of diffraction.

An extension of the Gutzwiller trace formula is given that includes diffraction effects due to hard wall scatterers or other singularities. The new trace formula involves periodic orbits which have arcs on the surface of singularity and which correspond to creping waves. A new family of resonances in the two disk scattering system can be well described which is completely missing if only the traditional periodic orbits are used.
Quantitation of polypeptides (glucagon and salmon calcitonin) in plasma samples by 'high resolution' on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.

BACKGROUND Bioanalysis of large molecules can be challenging on LC-MS/MS due to multiply charged and endogenous interferences. While high sensitivity triple quadrupole systems (QqQ) have been commercialized recently, high-resolution MS (HRMS) systems are also available. HRMS provides alternative analysis methods, but more costly and with sensitivity lower than MRM on QqQ. RESULTS QqQ is generally operated at unit resolution; however, newer systems are able to practically tune to 'high resolution'. Therefore, the advantages of both higher sensitivity of MRM on QqQ and better specificity on HRMS can possibly be combined on a QqQ to meet bioanalysis needs. Glucagon and salmon calcitonin were successfully quantified in high-resolution with fast cycle time on AB Sciex TripleQuad™ 5500. LLOQ (S/N) was increased and interferences reduced. CONCLUSION For large molecules, the bioanalysis methods developed using high resolution on the QqQ are validated and used in preclinical and clinical studies.
Publication Bias and the Market Orientation-Performance Nexus Literature

In the past decade, a number of studies have conducted meta-analyses of the market orientation-performance literature. The purpose of this paper is to investigate publication bias in the field of marketing with a specific emphasis on the market orientationperformance relationship. This study adds to existing knowledge by explicitly accounting for both publication bias and the control for important variables that influence the market orientation-performance measure. Firstly, we conduct a quantitative survey of the literature on market orientation-performance from various countries and create a database of market orientation-performance studies for each country examined in the literature. Next, we estimate the average effect size, publication bias and examine the role of study specific effects on the observed market orientation-performance measure. From our findings, though the funnel plots emanating from data used for two of our models suggest the existence of publication bias, the inclusion of other variables which explain the differences in market orientation-performance coefficients result in the absence of publication bias in our third model. We subsequently present the implications of our findings for managers and scholars within the contexts of the market orientation-performance and publication bias literature. Keywords: Market Orientation, Performance, Metaanalysis, Publication Bias
Expression of axonal protein degradation machinery in sympathetic neurons is regulated by nerve growth factor

Deficiencies in protein degradation and proteolytic function within neurons are linked to a number of neurodegenerative diseases and developmental disorders. Compartmentalized cultures of peripheral neurons were used to investigate the properties and relative abundance of the proteolytic machinery in the axons and cell bodies of sympathetic and sensory neurons. Immunoblotting of axonal proteins demonstrated that LAMP2, LC3, and PSMA2 were abundant in axons, suggesting that lysosomes, autophagosomes and proteasomes were located in axons. Interestingly, the expression of proteins associated with lysosomes and proteasomes were upregulated selectively in axons by NGF stimulation of the distal axons of sympathetic neurons, suggesting that axonal growth and maintenance requires local protein turnover. The regulation of the abundance of both proteasomes and lysosomes in axons by NGF provides a link between protein degradation and the trophic status of peripheral neurons. Inhibition of proteasomes located in axons resulted in an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in these axons. In contrast, lysosome inhibition in axons did not result in an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins or the transferrin receptor, a transmembrane protein degraded by lysosomes. Interestingly, lysosomes were transported both retrogradely and anterogradely, so it is likely that ubiquitinated proteins that are normally destined for degradation by lysosomes in axons can be transported to the cellbodies for degradation. In summary, proteasomal degradation occurs locally, whereas proteins degraded by lysosomes can most likely either be degraded locally in axons or be transported to cell bodies for degradation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Structural Model of the Relationships Between Perceived Control and Adaptation to Illness in Women with Breast Cancer

Abstract Objectives: To examine whether perceived control produces better adaptation to illness in breast cancer patients in stages I or II. Design: Longitudinal, 1-year following study. Methods: One hundred and one women were assessed on five occasions: one week after surgery, and again 1, 3, 6 and 12 months later, using, among other measures, the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Structural equation models confirmed that patients with higher perceived control showed better adaptation to illness in all five assessments. Conclusions: These data fit well with previous research and suggest that psychological interventions which emphasize a sense of personal control would be effective in enhancing well-being in breast cancer patients at the early stages.
The Galleria mellonella larvae as an in vivo model for evaluation of Shigella virulence

ABSTRACT Shigella spp. causing bacterial diarrhea and dysentery are human enteroinvasive bacterial pathogens that are orally transmitted through contaminated food and water and cause bacillary dysentery. Although natural Shigella infections are restricted to humans and primates, several smaller animal models are used to analyze individual steps in pathogenesis. No animal model fully duplicates the human response and sustaining the models requires expensive animals, costly maintenance of animal facilities, veterinary services and approved animal protocols. This study proposes the development of the caterpillar larvae of Galleria mellonella as a simple, inexpensive, informative, and rapid in-vivo model for evaluating virulence and the interaction of Shigella with cells of the insect innate immunity. Virulent Shigella injected through the forelegs causes larvae death. The mortality rates were dependent on the Shigella strain, the infectious dose, and the presence of the virulence plasmid. Wild-type S. flexneri 2a, persisted and replicated within the larvae, resulting in haemocyte cell death, whereas plasmid-cured mutants were rapidly cleared. Histology of the infected larvae in conjunction with fluorescence, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy indicate that S. flexneri reside within a vacuole of the insect haemocytes that ultrastructurally resembles vacuoles described in studies with mouse and human macrophage cell lines. Some of these bacteria-laden vacuoles had double-membranes characteristic of autophagosomes. These results suggest that G. mellonella larvae can be used as an easy-to-use animal model to understand Shigella pathogenesis that requires none of the time and labor-consuming procedures typical of other systems.