Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Study of the Effect of Ba2+ Cations Substitution with Sr2+ Cations on Structural and Optical Properties of Ba2−xSrxZnWO6 Double Perovskite Oxides (x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00)

The effect of Sr2+ substitution on the morphology, crystal structure, and optical properties of double perovskite oxide Ba2−xSrxZnWO6 (x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00) were investigated. Scanning electronic microscopy demonstrated that all samples have similar microstructure morphology but differ in the range of grain sizes. X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that these materials crystallize in a (Fm-3m) cubic crystal structure, and also confirmed the tolerance factor. Rietveld analysis revealed that the lattice parameter decreased from 8.11834 to 8.039361 Å when the substitution of Ba2+ with Sr2+ cations increased from zero to 100%. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies displayed a symmetric stretching vibration of WO6 octahedra at 825 cm−1, and an anti-symmetric stretching mode of WO6 was observed by FTIR at 620 cm−1. A strong peak at 420 cm−1 was also observed in the Raman spectra and is due to the W–O–W bending vibration modes. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was carried out for the series, and the band gap energy decreased from 3.27 eV for Ba2ZnWO6 to 3.02 and 3.06 eV for Ba1.75Sr0.25ZnWO6 and Ba1.5Sr0. 5ZnWO6, respectively. The excitation and emission photoluminescence properties were investigated at room temperature.
Factors associated with physical spousal abuse of women during pregnancy in Bangladesh.

CONTEXT Violence toward pregnant women is a gross violation of human rights with adverse health consequences for the woman and potentially for her fetus; however, few studies have examined factors associated with such abuse in developing countries or with population-based data. METHODS A sample of 2,553 ever-pregnant women aged 15-49 from one urban and one rural site in Bangladesh were surveyed in 2001 as part of a World Health Organization multicountry study. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with physical spousal abuse of women during pregnancy. RESULTS Urban and rural women whose mother or mother-in-law had experienced physical spousal abuse had increased odds of experiencing abuse during pregnancy (odds ratios, 2.1-3.4); increased spousal communication was negatively associated with the outcome in both settings (0.6 and 0.7). Among urban women, being older than 19, having a husband with more than 10 years of education and being from certain higher income quartiles were negatively associated with abuse (0.2-0.5); living in a community highly concerned about crime was positively associated with abuse (1.1). Among rural women, being able to depend on natal family support in a crisis was negatively associated with abuse (0.5); being in a marriage that involved dowry demands and being Muslim were positively associated with abuse (1.8 and 3.6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The message that a family history of spousal violence increases a daughter's risk of such abuse should be widely communicated. Further research is needed to determine whether increased couple communication reduces the likelihood of violence or whether absence of violence leads to increased couple communication.
The role of the beta 4‐subunit in determining the kinetic properties of rat neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine alpha 3‐receptors.

1. Single‐channel currents were recorded from Xenopus oocytes which had been injected with complementary RNAs (cRNAs) for the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits alpha 3 and beta 4. The co‐expression of alpha 3 and beta 4 gave rise to three different channel types with conductances of 22, 18 and 13 pS. 2. The activity arising from the expression of these two subunits was compared with that observed when the alpha 3 subunit was co‐expressed with an alternative beta‐subunit, beta 2. The alpha 3 beta 4‐receptors differed from alpha 3 beta 2‐receptors in conductance, open times and most notably, in burst kinetics. The association of the beta 4‐subunit with the alpha 3‐subunit results in receptors which have a high probability of re‐opening after closing, yielding protracted bursts of activity not observed when the alpha 3‐subunit is associated with the beta 2‐subunit. 3. All three alpha 3 beta 4‐channel types had similar burst kinetics. However, the 13 pS conductance channels showed an additional long‐lived open state to varying degrees when clusters of activity within an individual record were examined.
Antioxidants, mechanisms, and recovery by membrane processes

ABSTRACT Antioxidants molecules have a great interest for bio-food and nutraceutical industries since they play a vital role for their capacity to reduce oxidative processes. Consequently, these molecules, generally present in complex matrices, have to be fractionated and purified to characterize them and to test their antioxidant activity. However, as natural or synthetics antioxidant molecules differ in terms of structural composition and physico-chemical properties, appropriate separation technologies must be selected. Different fractionation technologies are available but the most commonly used are filtration processes. Indeed, these technologies allow fractionation according to molecular size (pressure-driven processes), charge, or both size and charge (electrically driven processes). In this context, and after summarizing the reaction mechanisms of the different classes and nature of antioxidants as well as membrane fractionation technologies, this manuscript presents the specific applications of these membranes processes for the recovery of antioxidant molecules.
Population Diversity of Yeasts and Lactic Acid Bacteria in Pig Feed Fermented with Whey, Wet Wheat Distillers' Grains, or Water at Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT The diversity of populations of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in pig feeds fermented at 10, 15, or 20°C was characterized by rRNA gene sequencing of isolates. The feeds consisted of a cereal grain mix blended with wet wheat distillers' grains (WWDG feed), whey (W feed), or tap water (WAT feed). Fermentation proceeded for 5 days without disturbance, followed by 14 days of daily simulated feed outtakes, in which 80% of the contents were replaced with fresh feed mixtures. In WWDG feed, Pichia galeiformis became the dominant yeast species, independent of the fermentation temperature and feed change. The LAB population was dominated by Pediococcus pentosaceus at the start of the fermentation period. After 3 days, the Lactobacillus plantarum population started to increase in feeds at all temperatures. The diversity of LAB increased after the addition of fresh feed components. In W feed, Kluyveromyces marxianus dominated, but after the feed change, the population diversity increased. With increasing fermentation temperatures, there was a shift toward Pichia membranifaciens as the dominant species. L. plantarum was the most prevalent LAB in W feed. The WAT feed had a diverse microbial flora, and the yeast population changed throughout the whole fermentation period. Pichia anomala was the most prevalent yeast species, with increasing occurrence at higher fermentation temperatures. Pediococcus pentosaceus was the most prevalent LAB, but after the feed change, L. plantarum started to proliferate. The present study demonstrates that the species composition in fermented pig feed may vary considerably, even if viable cell counts indicate stable microbial populations.
Contrasts between organic participation in apatite biomineralization in brachiopod shell and vertebrate bone identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Unusually for invertebrates, linguliform brachiopods employ calcium phosphate mineral in hard tissue formation, in common with the evolutionarily distant vertebrates. Using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR) and X-ray powder diffraction, we compare the organic constitution, crystallinity and organic matrix–mineral interface of phosphatic brachiopod shells with those of vertebrate bone. In particular, the organic–mineral interfaces crucial for the stability and properties of biomineral were probed with SSNMR rotational echo double resonance (REDOR). Lingula anatina and Discinisca tenuis shell materials yield strikingly dissimilar SSNMR spectra, arguing for quite different organic constitutions. However, their fluoroapatite-like mineral is highly crystalline, unlike the poorly ordered hydroxyapatite of bone. Neither shell material shows 13C{31P} REDOR effects, excluding strong physico-chemical interactions between mineral and organic matrix, unlike bone in which glycosaminoglycans and proteins are composited with mineral at sub-nanometre length scales. Differences between organic matrix of shell material from L. anatina and D. tenuis, and bone reflect evolutionary pressures from contrasting habitats and structural purposes. The absence of organic–mineral intermolecular associations in brachiopod shell argues that biomineralization follows different mechanistic pathways to bone; their details hold clues to the molecular structural evolution of phosphatic biominerals, and may provide insights into novel composite design.
A role for c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), but not JNK2, in the beta-amyloid-mediated stabilization of protein p53 and induction of the apoptotic cascade in cultured cortical neurons.

beta-Amyloid (A beta) peptide has been shown to induce neuronal apoptosis; however, the mechanisms underlying A beta-induced neuronal cell death remain to be fully elucidated. The stress-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), is activated in response to cellular stress and has been identified as a proximal mediator of cell death. In the present study, expression of active JNK was increased in the nucleus and cytoplasm of A beta-treated cells. Evaluation of the nature of the JNK isoforms activated by A beta revealed a transient increase in JNK1 activity that reached its peak at 1 h and a later activation (at 24 h) of JNK2. The tumour suppressor protein, p53, is a substrate for JNK and can serve as a signalling molecule in apoptosis. In cultured cortical neurons, we found that A beta increased p53 protein expression and phosphorylation of p53 at Ser(15). Thus it appears that A beta increases p53 expression via phosphorylation-mediated stabilization of the protein. Given the lack of availability of a JNK inhibitor that can distinguish between JNK1- and JNK2-mediated effects, we employed antisense technology to deplete cells of JNK1 or JNK2 selectively. Using this strategy, the respective roles of JNK1 and JNK2 on the A beta-mediated activation of the apoptotic cascade (i.e. p53 stabilization, caspase 3 activation and DNA fragmentation) were examined. The results obtained demonstrate a role for JNK1 in the A beta-induced stabilization of p53, activation of caspase 3 and DNA fragmentation. In contrast, depletion of JNK2 had no effect on the proclivity of A beta to activate capase 3 or induce DNA fragmentation. These results demonstrate a significant role for JNK1 in A beta-mediated induction of the apoptotic cascade in cultured cortical neurons.
Targets for the Induction of Protective Immunity Against Influenza A Viruses

The current pandemic caused by the new influenza A(H1N1) virus of swine origin and the current pandemic threat caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses of the H5N1 subtype have renewed the interest in the development of vaccines that can induce broad protective immunity. Preferably, vaccines not only provide protection against the homologous strains, but also against heterologous strains, even of another subtype. Here we describe viral targets and the arms of the immune response involved in protection against influenza virus infections such as antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and the M2 protein and cellular immune responses directed against the internal viral proteins.
Effects of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles on A549 Cells

Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MgNPs-Fe3O4) are widely used in medical applications, including magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery, and in hyperthermia. However, the same properties that aid their utility in the clinic may potentially induce toxicity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of MgNPs-Fe3O4 in A549 human lung epithelial cells. MgNPs-Fe3O4 caused cell membrane damage, as assessed by the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), only at a high concentration (100 μg/mL); a lower concentration (10 μg/mL) increased the production of reactive oxygen species, increased oxidative damage to DNA, and decreased the level of reduced glutathione. MgNPs-Fe3O4 caused a dose-dependent increase in the CD44+ fraction of A549 cells. MgNPs-Fe3O4 induced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 at a concentration of 1 μg/mL, and in a dose-dependent manner. Despite these effects, MgNPs-Fe3O4 had minimal effect on cell viability and elicited only a small increase in the number of cells undergoing apoptosis. Together, these data suggest that MgNPs-Fe3O4 exert little or no cytotoxicity until a high exposure level (100 μg/mL) is reached. This dissociation between elevated indices of cell damage and a small effect on cell viability warrants further study.
Expression of Human Histo-blood Group ABO Genes Is Dependent upon DNA Methylation of the Promoter Region*

We have investigated the regulatory role of DNA methylation in the expression of the human histo-blood group ABO genes. The ABO gene promoter region contains a CpG island whose methylation status correlates well with gene expression in the cell lines tested. The CpG island was found hypomethylated in some cell lines that expressed ABO genes, whereas the other cell lines that did not express ABO genes were hypermethylated. Whereas constitutive transcriptional activity of the ABO gene promoter was demonstrated in both expressor and nonexpressor cell lines by transient transfection of reporter constructs containing the ABO gene promoter sequence, HhaI methylase-catalyzed in vitro methylation of the promoter region prior to DNA transfection suppressed the promoter activity when introduced into the expressor gastric cancer cell line KATOIII cells. On the other hand, in the nonexpressor gastric cancer cell line MKN28 cells, treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine resulted in demethylation of the ABO gene promoter and appearance of A-transferase messages, as well as A-antigens synthesized by A-transferase. Taken together, these studies suggest that DNA methylation of the ABO gene promoter may play an important role in the regulation of ABO gene expression.
Prosodic and Spectral iVectors for Expressive Speech Synthesis

This work presents a study on the suitability of prosodic andacoustic features, with a special focus on i-vectors, in expressivespeech analysis and synthesis. For each utterance of two dif-ferent databases, a laboratory recorded emotional acted speech,and an audiobook, several prosodic and acoustic features are ex-tracted. Among them, i-vectors are built not only on the MFCCbase, but also on F0, power and syllable durations. Then, un-supervised clustering is performed using different feature com-binations. The resulting clusters are evaluated calculating clus-ter entropy for labeled portions of the databases. Additionally,synthetic voices are trained, applying speaker adaptive training,from the clusters built from the audiobook. The voices are eval-uated in a perceptual test where the participants have to edit anaudiobook paragraph using the synthetic voices.The objective results suggest that i-vectors are very use-ful for the audiobook, where different speakers (book charac-ters) are imitated. On the other hand, for the laboratory record-ings, traditional prosodic features outperform i-vectors. Also,a closer analysis of the created clusters suggest that differentspeakers use different prosodic and acoustic means to conveyemotions. The perceptual results suggest that the proposed i-vector based feature combinations can be used for audiobookclustering and voice training.
BAUM-1: A Spontaneous Audio-Visual Face Database of Affective and Mental States

In affective computing applications, access to labeled spontaneous affective data is essential for testing the designed algorithms under naturalistic and challenging conditions. Most databases available today are acted or do not contain audio data. We present a spontaneous audio-visual affective face database of affective and mental states. The video clips in the database are obtained by recording the subjects from the frontal view using a stereo camera and from the half-profile view using a mono camera. The subjects are first shown a sequence of images and short video clips, which are not only meticulously fashioned but also timed to evoke a set of emotions and mental states. Then, they express their ideas and feelings about the images and video clips they have watched in an unscripted and unguided way in Turkish. The target emotions, include the six basic ones (happiness, anger, sadness, disgust, fear, surprise) as well as boredom and contempt. We also target several mental states, which are unsure (including confused, undecided), thinking, concentrating, and bothered. Baseline experimental results on the BAUM-1 database show that recognition of affective and mental states under naturalistic conditions is quite challenging. The database is expected to enable further research on audio-visual affect and mental state recognition under close-to-real scenarios.
Structure and function of AMP‐activated protein kinase

AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates metabolism in response to energy demand and supply. AMPK is activated in response to rises in intracellular AMP or calcium‐mediated signalling and is responsible for phosphorylating a wide variety of substrates. Recent structural studies have revealed the architecture of the αβγ subunit interactions as well as the AMP binding pockets on the γ subunit. The α catalytic domain (1–280) is autoinhibited by a C‐terminal tail (313–335), which is proposed to interact with the small lobe of the catalytic domain by homology modelling with the MARK2 protein structure. Two direct activating drugs have been reported for AMPK, the thienopyridone compound A769662 and PTI, which may activate by distinct mechanisms.
Dynactin binding to tyrosinated microtubules promotes centrosome centration in C. elegans by enhancing dynein-mediated organelle transport

The microtubule-based motor dynein generates pulling forces for centrosome centration and mitotic spindle positioning in animal cells. How the essential dynein activator dynactin regulates these functions of the motor is incompletely understood. Here, we dissect the role of dynactin’s microtubule binding activity, located in p150’s CAP-Gly domain and an adjacent basic patch, in the C. elegans zygote. Using precise mutants engineered by genome editing, we show that microtubule tip tracking of dynein-dynactin is dispensable for targeting the motor to the cell cortex and for generating cortical pulling forces. Instead, p150 CAP-Gly mutants inhibit cytoplasmic pulling forces responsible for centration of centrosomes and attached pronuclei. The centration defects are mimicked by mutations of the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin, and both p150 CAP-Gly and tubulin tyrosination mutants decrease the frequency of organelle transport from the cell periphery towards centrosomes during centration. In light of recent work on dynein-dynactin motility in vitro, our results suggest that p150 GAP-Gly domain binding to tyrosinated microtubules promotes initiation of dynein-mediated organelle transport in the dividing embryo, and that this function of dynactin is important for generating robust cytoplasmic pulling forces for centrosome centration.
Awareness of Biological Hazards and Radiation Protection Techniques of Dental Imaging- A Questionnaire Based Cross-Sectional Study among Saudi Dental Students

Additionally, the amount of radiation exposure from dental radiographs depends on many variables starting from film speed, going through exposure factors, selected technique, collimation and protecting barriers used. The clinical year dental students and interns (junior residential doctors/ house surgeons) should have thorough knowledge towards the biological hazards of xray and different protection protocols [10]. In spite of the biological hazards of xray, enormous benefits were derived from its application in the medical and dental fields. Furthermore, dental imaging produces least radiation dose if compared to medical imaging [11]. Introduction
Fractional Flow Reserve Assessment of Left Main Stenosis in the Presence of Downstream Coronary Stenoses

Background—Several studies have shown that fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement can aid in the assessment of left main coronary stenosis. However, the impact of downstream epicardial stenosis on left main FFR assessment with the pressure wire in the nonstenosed downstream vessel remains unknown. Methods and Results—Variable stenoses were created in the left main coronary arteries and downstream epicardial vessels in 6 anaesthetized male sheep using balloon catheters. A total of 220 pairs of FFR assessments of the left main stenosis were obtained, before and after creation of a stenosis in a downstream epicardial vessel, by having a pressure-sensor wire in the other nonstenosed downstream vessel. The apparent left main FFR in the presence of downstream stenosis (FFRapp) was significantly higher compared with the true FFR in the absence of downstream stenosis (FFRtrue; 0.80±0.05 versus 0.76±0.05; estimate of the mean difference, 0.035; P<0.001). The difference between FFRtrue and FFRapp correlated with composite FFR of the left main plus stenosed artery (r=−0.31; P<0.001) indicating that this difference was greater with increasing epicardial stenosis severity. Among measurements with FFRapp >0.80, 9% were associated with an FFRtrue of <0.75. In all instances, the epicardial lesion was in the proximal portion of the stenosed vessel, and the epicardial FFR (combined FFR of the left main and downstream stenosed vessel) was ⩽0.50. Conclusions—A clinically relevant effect on the FFR assessment of left main disease with the pressure wire in a nonstenosed downstream vessel occurs only when the stenosis in the other vessel is proximal and very severe.
Estimated Frequency of Handovers in Muos

In the DoD mobile user operational system (MUOS), extremely large beams (cells), relatively small number of users traveling at high velocities, and relatively short call hold times indicate that handovers (all of which are hard handovers) will occur far less frequently than in typical commercial systems. In this paper, we estimate the frequency of handovers in MUOS using different levels of handover suppression. Handover suppression refers to the practice of delaying the time at which a handover would normally take place. In this work, we develop mathematical expressions representing the probability of handover for MUOS users engaged in point-to-point calls and use Mathematica to evaluate said expressions to extract probability values. We first compute results based upon user movement only and then factor in the effects of satellite motion