Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Violencia filioparental y su asociación con la exposición a la violencia marital y la agresión de padres a hijos

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: a) analizar la relacion entre la exposicion a diferentes tipos de violencia en la familia (agresion entre los padres y agresion de padres a hijos) y la perpetracion de conductas de violencia fi lioparental (VFP); b) examinar las posibles diferencias en funcion del sexo de los hijos en las relaciones especifi cadas. Para ello, se empleo una muestra de 1.681 universitarios (74,7% mujeres) que informaron sobre su exposicion a diferentes experiencias de violencia intrafamiliar durante su infancia. Cada tipo de violencia, psicologica y fisica, fue analizada por separado. Los resultados mostraron que tanto la exposicion a la agresion psicologica entre los padres como la agresion psicologica de padres a hijos se asociaron con una mayor frecuencia de VFP psicologica. Por otra parte, la agresion psicologica y fisica de padres a hijos, asi como la exposicion a la agresion fisica entre los padres se relacionaron con una mayor VFP fisica. No se encontraron diferencias por sexos en las relaciones entre las variables, lo cual sugiere que la relacion entre la exposicion a la violencia intrafamiliar y la VFP es similar para varones y mujeres. Child-to-parent violence and its association with exposure to marital violence and parent-to-child violence. The aims of this study were: (a) to examine the relationships between the exposure to different types of family violence (intraparental violence and parent-to-child aggression) and the perpetration of child-to-parent violence (CPV); (b) to analyze sex differences in the relationships specifi ed. The sample comprised 1681 Spanish university students who reported the exposure to different types of family violence during their childhood. Both psychological and physical family violence were analyzed separately. Results showed that both witnessing marital psychological violence and parent-to-child psychological aggression are related to CPV. Furthermore, psychological and physical parent-to-child aggression as well as witnessing physical aggression between parents was associated with physical CPV. Multigroup analyses showed that the relationships among variables were not signifi cantly different as a function of sex. This fi nding suggests that the relation between exposure to family violence and CPV is similar for men and women.
Becoming Transdisciplinary: The Emergence of the Transdisciplinary Individual

This article develops the idea of becoming a transdisciplinary individual, and begins by tracing the origins and contemporary currents of transdisciplinarity (from 1972 to present day). Using Nicolescu's earlier concept of a transdisciplinary attitude as an intellectual springboard, this article explores the traits of individuals involved in transdisciplinary projects. Emergent from the literature are four overarching dimensions of understanding what is entailed in becoming and being a transdisciplinary individual: (a) an appreciation of an array of skills, characteristics, and personality traits aligned with a transdisciplinary attitude; (b) acceptance of the idea that transdisciplinary individuals are intellectual risk takers and institutional transgressors; (c) insights into the nuances of transdisciplinary practice and attendant virtues; (d) a respect for the role of creative inquiry, cultural diversity, and cultural relativism. More research is needed on the subjective and embodied experiences of transdisciplinary participants; that is, how they become transdisciplinary individuals.
SharedDB: Killing One Thousand Queries With One Stone

Traditional database systems are built around the query-at-a-time model. This approach tries to optimize performance in a best-effort way. Unfortunately, best effort is not good enough for many modern applications. These applications require response time guarantees in high load situations. This paper describes the design of a new database architecture that is based on batching queries and shared computation across possibly hundreds of concurrent queries and updates. Performance experiments with the TPC-W benchmark show that the performance of our implementation, SharedDB, is indeed robust across a wide range of dynamic workloads.
High‐resolution mapping of human brain metabolites by free induction decay 1H MRSI at 7 T

This work describes a new approach for high‐spatial‐resolution 1H MRSI of the human brain at 7 T. 1H MRSI at 7 T using conventional approaches, such as point‐resolved spectroscopy and stimulated echo acquisition mode with volume head coils, is limited by technical difficulties, including chemical shift displacement errors, B0/B1 inhomogeneities, a high specific absorption rate and decreased T2 relaxation times. The method presented here is based on free induction decay acquisition with an ultrashort acquisition delay (TE*) of 1.3 ms. This allows full signal detection with negligible T2 decay or J‐modulation. Chemical shift displacement errors were reduced to below 5% per part per million in the in‐slice direction and were eliminated in‐plane. The B1 sensitivity was reduced significantly and further corrected using flip angle maps. Specific absorption rate requirements were well below the limit (~20 % = 0.7 W/kg). The suppression of subcutaneous lipid signals was achieved by substantially improving the point‐spread function. High‐quality metabolic mapping of five important brain metabolites was achieved with high in‐plane resolution (64 × 64 matrix with a 3.4 × 3.4 × 12 mm3 nominal voxel size) in four healthy subjects. The ultrashort TE* increased the signal‐to‐noise ratio of J‐coupled resonances, such as glutamate and myo‐inositol, several‐fold to enable the mapping of even these metabolites with high resolution. Four measurement repetitions in one healthy volunteer provided proof of the good reproducibility of this method. The high spatial resolution allowed the visualization of several anatomical structures on metabolic maps. Free induction decay MRSI is insensitive to T2 decay, J‐modulation, B1 inhomogeneities and chemical shift displacement errors, and overcomes specific absorption rate restrictions at ultrahigh magnetic fields. This makes it a promising method for high‐resolution 1H MRSI at 7 T and above. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symbolising potential : ethnic origin and inclusion in British personnel departments

The relationship between ethnic origin and inclusion in British personnel departments has never been fully explored or explained. This thesis draws upon an exploratory questionnaire survey of personnel practitioners of ethnic minority origin, and case studies of personnel departments in five organisations in Britain, to identify how and why people are included in British personnel departments and the role of ethnic origin in determining that inclusion. In order to do this the thesis draws upon a range of models of inequality, including both Marxist and Weberian. For various reasons, however - such as a failure to overcome the separation of action and structure, an inability to articulate change, and a failure to recognise that closure is an ongoing process - none of the existing models are found to be able to articulate or explain filly the processes and structures of inclusion identified by the research. The thesis therefore develops a new model, focusing upon the microlevel, which overcomes the limitations of those existing models. The research reveals that inclusion is afforded to those who are able to symbolise to those with power over inclusion the type of potential which the latter parties desire them to possess. The ethnic categorisation individuals are accorded, it is shown, can function as one such symbol. However, where ethnic categorisation would not symbolise the potential desired, individuals may win inclusion by ensuring that they are categorised according to other criteria. Differences in inclusion between different personnel departments are found to reflect the relative power of different parties in the organisations concerned to ensure that those included in personnel departments symbolise to them the type of potential which they desire of them. As a consequence, the relationship between ethnic minority categorisation and inclusion, and between other criteria and inclusion, can vary between different departments and different situations. The model thus permits explanation of who is included in a particular part of an organisation and how that inclusion has been achieved.
Diagnostics and Training of Affordance Perception in Healthy Young Adults—Implications for Post-Stroke Neurorehabilitation

Affordance perception is critical to adaptive behavior. It comprises the ability to evaluate whether the environment and the actor's capabilities enable particular actions. It remains unclear how brain damage and its behavioral sequela impact this ability. Two affordance based judgment tasks were applied in healthy young adults that were adapted for prospective diagnostic purposes in patients. In addition to the commonly analyzed error-rate we included response times and accuracy measures based on a detection theory approach. Moreover, a manipulation was added intended to determine the effectiveness of feedback-based learning. We further applied control tasks that consider whether errors in affordance perception can be explained by errors in perception. Participants responded yes or no to decide prospectively if a given setting would afford a particular action. In study1, 27 participants judged whether their hand would fit through a given aperture (adapted from Ishak et al., 2008). In study2, 19 participants judged whether objects are reachable [adapted from Gabbard et al. (2005)]. For both studies two sessions were administered. In the first session all participants solved the judgment-task without executing the action. In the second session (feedback manipulation), half of the participants were allowed to first judge and then perform the task for each trial (reach forward and touch the object, or fitting the hand into the aperture). Judgments were slowest and errors most frequent for openings or distances close to the individual's actual physical limits. With more extreme settings accuracy increased and responses became faster. Importantly, we found an advantageous effect of feedback on performance in both tasks suggesting that affordance perception is rapidly trainable. Further, the aperture task demonstrated that feedback experienced with one hand can transfer to the other. This may have important implications for rehabilitation.
Productive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Assembly Takes Place at the Plasma Membrane

ABSTRACT Gag proteins are necessary and sufficient to direct human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particle assembly and budding. Recent evidence suggests that Gag targeting to late endosomal/multivesicular body (LE/MVB) compartments occurs prior to viral particle budding at the plasma membrane (PM). However, the route that Gag follows before reaching its steady-state destinations still remains a subject of debate. Using a subcellular fractionation method that separates PM from LE/MVB combined with pulse-chase labeling, we analyzed Gag trafficking in HIV-1-producing HEK 293T cells. Our results reveal that the majority of newly synthesized Gag is primarily targeted to the PM. While PM-targeted Gag was efficiently released, a significant fraction of the remaining cell surface-associated Gag was found to be subsequently internalized to LE/MVB, where it accumulated, thus accounting for the majority of LE/MVB-associated Gag. Importantly, this accumulation of Gag in LE/MVB was found to be cholesterol dependent since it was sensitive to the sterol-binding drugs filipin and methyl-β-cyclodextrin. These results point towards the PM as being the primary site of productive HIV-1 assembly in cells that also support Gag accumulation in intracellular compartments.
Neuronal Avalanches Imply Maximum Dynamic Range in Cortical Networks at Criticality

Spontaneous neuronal activity is a ubiquitous feature of cortex. Its spatiotemporal organization reflects past input and modulates future network output. Here we study whether a particular type of spontaneous activity is generated by a network that is optimized for input processing. Neuronal avalanches are a type of spontaneous activity observed in superficial cortical layers in vitro and in vivo with statistical properties expected from a network operating at “criticality. ” Theory predicts that criticality and, therefore, neuronal avalanches are optimal for input processing, but until now, this has not been tested in experiments. Here, we use cortex slice cultures grown on planar microelectrode arrays to demonstrate that cortical networks that generate neuronal avalanches benefit from a maximized dynamic range, i.e., the ability to respond to the greatest range of stimuli. By changing the ratio of excitation and inhibition in the cultures, we derive a network tuning curve for stimulus processing as a function of distance from criticality in agreement with predictions from our simulations. Our findings suggest that in the cortex, (1) balanced excitation and inhibition establishes criticality, which maximizes the range of inputs that can be processed, and (2) spontaneous activity and input processing are unified in the context of critical phenomena.
Histone variant H3.3 provides the heterochromatic H3 lysine 9 tri-methylation mark at telomeres

In addition to being a hallmark at active genes, histone variant H3.3 is deposited by ATRX at repressive chromatin regions, including the telomeres. It is unclear how H3.3 promotes heterochromatin assembly. We show that H3.3 is targeted for K9 trimethylation to establish a heterochromatic state enriched in trimethylated H3.3K9 at telomeres. In H3f3a−/− and H3f3b−/− mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), H3.3 deficiency results in reduced levels of H3K9me3, H4K20me3 and ATRX at telomeres. The H3f3b−/− cells show increased levels of telomeric damage and sister chromatid exchange (t-SCE) activity when telomeres are compromised by treatment with a G-quadruplex (G4) DNA binding ligand or by ASF1 depletion. Overexpression of wild-type H3.3 (but not a H3.3K9 mutant) in H3f3b−/− cells increases H3K9 trimethylation level at telomeres and represses t-SCE activity induced by a G4 ligand. This study demonstrates the importance of H3.3K9 trimethylation in heterochromatin formation at telomeres. It provides insights into H3.3 function in maintaining integrity of mammalian constitutive heterochromatin, adding to its role in mediating transcription memory in the genome.
Modelling the Species Distribution of Flat-Headed Cats (Prionailurus planiceps), an Endangered South-East Asian Small Felid

Background The flat-headed cat (Prionailurus planiceps) is one of the world's least known, highly threatened felids with a distribution restricted to tropical lowland rainforests in Peninsular Thailand/Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra. Throughout its geographic range large-scale anthropogenic transformation processes, including the pollution of fresh-water river systems and landscape fragmentation, raise concerns regarding its conservation status. Despite an increasing number of camera-trapping field surveys for carnivores in South-East Asia during the past two decades, few of these studies recorded the flat-headed cat. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we designed a predictive species distribution model using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm to reassess the potential current distribution and conservation status of the flat-headed cat. Eighty-eight independent species occurrence records were gathered from field surveys, literature records, and museum collections. These current and historical records were analysed in relation to bioclimatic variables (WorldClim), altitude (SRTM) and minimum distance to larger water resources (Digital Chart of the World). Distance to water was identified as the key predictor for the occurrence of flat-headed cats (>50% explanation). In addition, we used different land cover maps (GLC2000, GlobCover and SarVision LLC for Borneo), information on protected areas and regional human population density data to extract suitable habitats from the potential distribution predicted by the MaxEnt model. Between 54% and 68% of suitable habitat has already been converted to unsuitable land cover types (e.g. croplands, plantations), and only between 10% and 20% of suitable land cover is categorised as fully protected according to the IUCN criteria. The remaining habitats are highly fragmented and only a few larger forest patches remain. Conclusion/Significance Based on our findings, we recommend that future conservation efforts for the flat-headed cat should focus on the identified remaining key localities and be implemented through a continuous dialogue between local stakeholders, conservationists and scientists to ensure its long-term survival. The flat-headed cat can serve as a flagship species for the protection of several other endangered species associated with the threatened tropical lowland forests and surface fresh-water sources in this region.
Identification of taste receptors and proteomic characterization of the antenna and legs of Tribolium brevicornis, a stored food product pest

Chemoreception plays an important role in mediating a diverse range of behaviours, including predation and food selection. In the present study, we combined anatomical observations, electrophysiology and proteomics to investigate sensilla that mediate chemoreception on the antenna and the legs of Tribolium. Scanning electron microscopy was used to differentiate the coxal and trochanteral segments of the pro‐, meso‐ and metathoracic legs by the presence of sensilla trichoidea and chaetica, while the antennae were covered with five types of sensilla (chaetica, basiconica, trichoidea, squamiformia and coeloconica). Antenna morphology and ultrastructure were similar in both sexes. Electrophysiological recordings allowed us to characterize a row of small sensilla basiconica on the terminal segment of the antenna as taste receptors, responding to sucrose and NaCl. Proteomics investigations of antennae and legs yielded several proteins with specific interest for those involved in chemoreception. Odorant‐binding proteins were antenna‐specific, while chemosensory proteins were detected in both tissues.
Social, emotional and behaviour difficulties in Maltese schools

This paper reports the first national study of soci al, emotional and behaviour difficulties (SEBD) in Maltese schools. The study secured a sample of ten percent of the school population in state and non-state primary and secon dary schools in Malta and Gozo, with 7000 students and their respective class teachers a nd parents selected to participate in the study. The study sought to explore the nature and d istribution of SEBD in Maltese schools; to examine the relationships between SEBD and socio-cultural factors as reflected in the school, family and community contexts, and identify the risk and protective factors for SEBD. This paper presents the key findings of the s tudy, and makes various recommendations in the prevention and management of SEBD and the promotion of socioemotional literacy in schools. A key message is th e complexity and multi-factorial nature of this phenomenon, and the need for multilevel, multi systemic interventions.
Optimized zein nanospheres for improved oral bioavailability of atorvastatin

Background This work focuses on the development of atorvastatin utilizing zein, a natural, safe, and biocompatible polymer, as a nanosized formulation in order to overcome the poor oral bioavailability (12%) of the drug. Methods Twelve experimental runs of atorvastatin–zein nanosphere formula were formulated by a liquid–liquid phase separation method according to custom fractional factorial design to optimize the formulation variables. The factors studied were: weight % of zein to atorvastatin (X1), pH (X2), and stirring time (X3). Levels for each formulation variable were designed. The selected dependent variables were: mean particle size (Y1), zeta potential (Y2), drug loading efficiency (Y3), drug encapsulation efficiency (Y4), and yield (Y5). The optimized formulation was assayed for compatibility using an X-ray diffraction assay. In vitro diffusion of the optimized formulation was carried out. A pharmacokinetic study was also done to compare the plasma profile of the atorvastatin–zein nanosphere formulation versus atorvastatin oral suspension and the commercially available tablet. Results The optimized atorvastatin–zein formulation had a mean particle size of 183 nm, a loading efficiency of 14.86%, and an encapsulation efficiency of 29.71%. The in vitro dissolution assay displayed an initial burst effect, with a cumulative amount of atorvastatin released of 41.76% and 82.3% after 12 and 48 hours, respectively. In Wistar albino rats, the bioavailability of atorvastatin from the optimized atorvastatin–zein formulation was 3-fold greater than that from the atorvastatin suspension and the commercially available tablet. Conclusion The atorvastatin–zein nanosphere formulation improved the oral delivery and pharmacokinetic profile of atorvastatin by enhancing its oral bioavailability.
Resistance Mechanism of Chloramphenicol in Streptococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus faecalis

The chloramphenicol resistance of Streptococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus faecalis isolated from clinical materials was proved to be due to an inactivating enzyme produced by these bacteria. The inactivated products of chloramphenicol were identified as 1‐acetoxy, 3‐acetoxy and 1,3‐diacetoxy derivatives by thin‐layer chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. The responsible enzyme was thus confirmed to be chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. The enzyme was inducible. It was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE‐cellulose chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G‐150. The enzymes obtained from S. haemolyticus, S. pneumoniae and S. faecalis have been compared with the conclusion that they are identical with respect to molecular weight (approximately 75,000–80,000), optimum pH and heat stability.
Out on a limb: the differential effect of substrate diameter on acceleration capacity in Anolis lizards

SUMMARY We investigated how substrate diameter affects acceleration performance in three Anolis lizard species (A. sagrei, A. carolinensis and A. valencienni), representing three different ecomorphs (trunk-ground, trunk-crown, and twig, respectively). We did so by measuring maximal acceleration capacity of the three species on a broad and narrow dowel. In addition to acceleration capacity, we quantified maximal sprint speed on both dowels. Both acceleration capacity and sprint speed are affected by substrate diameter, but the way in which they are, differs among species. Acceleration capacity in the trunk-ground anole, A. sagrei, was least affected by dowel diameter, whereas it was greatly reduced on the narrow dowel in the twig anole, A. valencienni. Sprint speed on the narrow dowel, however, was reduced to the greatest extent in the fastest running species, A. sagrei, whereas sprint speed was hardly affected by dowel diameter in the slow A. valencienni. The differential effect of dowel diameter on maximal acceleration capacity cannot be explained by differences in the timing of reaching maximal acceleration, but may be due to interspecific differences in the relative positioning of the limbs on the different dowels. The differential effect of dowel diameter on sprint speed, on the other hand, may be based on interspecific differences in the relative contribution of subsequent acceleratory bouts to maximal sprint speed on the broad and narrow dowel.