Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The near-infrared excitation of the HH 211 protostellar outflow

The protostellar outflow HH 211 is of considerable interest since it is extremely young and highly collimated. Here, we explore the outflow through imaging and spectroscopy in the near-infrared to determine if there are further diagnostic signatures of youth. We confirm the detection of a near-infrared continuum of unknown origin. We propose that it is emitted by the driving millimeter source, escapes the core through tunnels, and illuminates features aligning the outflow. Narrow-band flux measurements of these features contain an unusually large amount of continuum emission. [FeII] emission at 1.644 μ m has been detected and is restricted to isolated condensations. However, the characteristics of vibrational excitation of molecular hydrogen resemble those of older molecular outflows. We attempt to model the ordered structure of the western outflow as a series of shocks, finding that bow shocks with J-type dissociative apices and C-type flanks are consistent. Moreover, essentially the same conditions are predicted for all three bows except for a systematic reduction in speed and density with distance from the driving source. We find increased K -band extinctions in the bright regions as high as 2.9 mag and suggest that the bow shocks become visible where the outflow impacts on dense clumps of cloud material. We propose that the outflow is carved out by episodes of pulsating jets. The jets, driven by central explosive events, are responsible for excavating a central tunnel through which radiation temporarily penetrates.
Glucose-Based Peritoneal Dialysis Solution Suppresses Adiponectin Synthesis Through Oxidative Stress in an Experimental Model of Peritoneal Dialysis

♦ Objective: Accumulation of visceral fat is one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Adiponectin, an adipokine commonly regarded as a negative indicator of metabolic disease, is reported to be downregulated in its gene level in end-stage renal disease patients. Since excessive fat deposit is involved in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), PD solution (PDS) may contribute to ROS production, resulting in dysregulation of adiponectin. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that oxidative stress induced by PDS may play a role in the regulation of adiponectin. ♦ Methods: Commercial PDS containing 3.86% glucose (20 – 30 mL) was administered to SD rats for 12 weeks with and without N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 10 mmol/L). ELISA was used to quantify adiponectin in plasma and spent dialysate. For in vitro studies, fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and adipocytes isolated from abdominal fat were treated with a high glucose solution, PDS, and H2O2. Adiponectin levels in the conditioned media were measured by ELISA and immunoblot assays. The mRNA levels of adiponectin in mature adipocytes were examined using real-time RT-PCR. ♦ Results: The levels of adiponectin in plasma and spent dialysate were significantly downregulated by PDS and this effect was suppressed by NAC. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, adiponectin secretion was inhibited by 50 mmol/L glucose, PDS diluted 2-fold, and H2O2 (200 μmol/L). In addition, H2O2 downregulated expression of adiponectin mRNA and secretion of adiponectin oligomer complexes. ♦ Conclusions: Our data suggest that ROS induced by conventional glucose-based PDS may contribute to pathophysiological changes in abdominal fat and downregulate adiponectin secreted from adipocytes during long-term PD.
Laboratory evolution of one disulfide isomerase to resemble another

It is often difficult to determine which of the sequence and structural differences between divergent members of multigene families are functionally important. Here we use a laboratory evolution approach to determine functionally important structural differences between two distantly related disulfide isomerases, DsbC and DsbG from Escherichia coli. Surprisingly, we found single amino acid substitutions in DsbG that were able to complement dsbC in vivo and have more DsbC-like isomerase activity in vitro. Crystal structures of the three strongest point mutants, DsbG K113E, DsbG V216M, and DsbG T200M, reveal changes in highly surface-exposed regions that cause DsbG to more closely resemble the distantly related DsbC. In this case, laboratory evolution appears to have taken a direct route to allow one protein family member to complement another, with single substitutions apparently bypassing much of the need for multiple changes that took place over ≈0.5 billion years of evolution. Our findings suggest that, for these two proteins at least, regions important in determining functional differences may represent only a tiny fraction of the overall protein structure.
An Uncertainty-Aware Approach for Exploratory Microblog Retrieval

Although there has been a great deal of interest in analyzing customer opinions and breaking news in microblogs, progress has been hampered by the lack of an effective mechanism to discover and retrieve data of interest from microblogs. To address this problem, we have developed an uncertainty-aware visual analytics approach to retrieve salient posts, users, and hashtags. We extend an existing ranking technique to compute a multifaceted retrieval result: the mutual reinforcement rank of a graph node, the uncertainty of each rank, and the propagation of uncertainty among different graph nodes. To illustrate the three facets, we have also designed a composite visualization with three visual components: a graph visualization, an uncertainty glyph, and a flow map. The graph visualization with glyphs, the flow map, and the uncertainty analysis together enable analysts to effectively find the most uncertain results and interactively refine them. We have applied our approach to several Twitter datasets. Qualitative evaluation and two real-world case studies demonstrate the promise of our approach for retrieving high-quality microblog data.
Geomorphic work by gravity currents with varying initial conditions

Gravity currents are density-driven flows that are able to transport high amounts of sediment and are responsible of great geomorphic changes. Moreover they can have severe repercussions on the environment since they are conveyors of substances, e.g. pollutants, for long distances depending on their flow dynamics. The latter are determined by the release conditions and by the exchange at the upper and lower boundaries. The aim of this research study is to characterize the turbulent structure of gravity currents, as a consequence of the initial release conditions, to relate with their transport capacity. For this purpose, saline gravity currents are experimentally created in a laboratory channel through the lock-exchange technique. Different initial conditions, representing different configurations that can be found in reality, are considered during the experiments. The tested parameters are: initial buoyancy of the current in the lock, initial volume of release (i.e. locklength), lock slope and grain sizes of the sediment that form an erodible bed over which the current flows. High-resolution velocity measurements, performed with an Acoustic Doppler Velocity Profiler (ADVP), allowed to describe both horizontal and vertical structures of the gravity currents. A universal criterion is established to isolate head and body of the current which are characterized by different dynamics and their extensions vary in relation with the conditions of release. A new parametrization, based on the computed temporal evolution of shear stress, allows to quantify water entrainment from the upper interface and sediment erosion capacity at the bottom. The effect of the increment of gravitational forces on its erosion capacity is tested by introducing a slope in the lock reach. The range of considered slopes goes from horizontal to S=16%. This latter is identified as a transient case in which two mechanisms compete i.e. on one side, the current entrains more water from the upper interface due to the increment of friction, the current expands, dilutes and therefore slows down; on the other side, the head is fed by the faster rear steady current thus inducing an acceleration. At the bottom, high shear stress associated with intense ejection and burst events influence erosion and bed load transport. The coupling of hydrodynamic mechanisms and processes of erosion, transport and deposition of sediment are investigated. It is shown that the upward motion, caused by mean and turbulent velocity components, promote vertical mixing of sediment from the channel bed. The feedback between the hydrodynamics of a gravity current and the geomorphic changes of a mobile bed are analysed. The shape of the front changes due to sediment entrainment and the deposition of sediment downstream creates characteristic
Leisure Activities and Change in Cognitive Stability: A Multivariate Approach

Aging is traditionally associated with cognitive decline, attested by slower reaction times and poorer performance in various cognitive tasks, but also by an increase in intraindividual variability (IIV) in cognitive performance. Results concerning how lifestyle activities protect from cognitive decline are mixed in the literature and all focused on how it affects mean performance. However, IIV has been proven to be an index more sensitive to age differences, and very little is known about the relationships between lifestyle activities and change in IIV in aging. This longitudinal study explores the association between frequency of physical, social, intellectual, artistic, or cultural activities and age-related change in various cognitive abilities, considering both mean performance and IIV. Ninety-six participants, aged 64–93 years, underwent a battery of cognitive tasks at four measurements over a seven-year period, and filled out a lifestyle activity questionnaire. Linear multilevel models were used to analyze the associations between change in cognitive performance and five types of activities. Results showed that the practice of leisure activities was more strongly associated with IIV than with mean performance, both when considering overall level and change in performance. Relationships with IIV were dependent of the cognitive tasks considered and overall results showed protective effects of cultural, physical and intellectual activities on IIV. These results underline the need for considering IIV in the study of age-related cognitive change.
In vitro activities of chloroquine in combination with chlorpromazine or prochlorperazine against isolates of Plasmodium falciparum

The combinations of chloroquine plus chlorpromazine and chloroquine plus prochlorperazine were evaluated in vitro for potentiation against isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Potentiation was observed against all chloroquine-resistant isolates. There was no potentiation against 8 of 10 chloroquine-susceptible isolates. The results indicated that the phenothiazines can potentiate chloroquine action against resistant parasites found in natural conditions.
The number of irreducible factors of a polynomial, II

Given a polynomial $f\in k[x]$, $k$ a number field, we consider bounds on the number of cyclotomic factors of $f$ appropriate when the number of non-zero coefficients of the polynomial, $N(f)$, is substantially less than than its degree. In particular we obtain bounds which (apart from a small degree dependence) are only polynomial in $N(f)$. These results arise from variants of Mann's theorem on linear relations between roots of unity.
Consensus Consumer and Intertemporal Asset Pricing with Heterogeneous Beliefs

The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of heterogeneous beliefs in an otherwise standard competitive complete market economy. The construction of a consensus probability belief, as well as a consensus consumer, is shown to be valid modulo an aggregation bias, which takes the form of a discount factor. In classical cases, the consensus probability belief is a risk tolerance weighted average of the individual beliefs, and the discount factor is proportional to beliefs dispersion. This discount factor makes the heterogeneous beliefs setting fundamentally different from the homogeneous beliefs setting, and it is consistent with the interpretation of beliefs heterogeneity as a source of risk.We then use our construction to rewrite in a simple way the equilibrium characteristics (market price of risk, risk premium, risk-free rate) in a heterogeneous beliefs framework and to analyse the impact of beliefs heterogeneity. Finally, we show that it is possible to construct specific parametrizations of the heterogeneous beliefs model that lead to globally higher risk premia and lower risk-free rates. Copyright 2007, Wiley-Blackwell.
Bronchial challenge with flour: early response is dependent on the dose of activated allergen inhaled

Specific bronchial challenges provide information about the relationship between inhaled dose of allergen and change in lung function, but the intermediate pathways remain largely obscure. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the early asthmatic response and 1) the inhaled dose of wheat flour, 2) the concentration of wheat flour, 3) the duration of the exposure, and 4) the deactivation of inhaled allergens and mediators. Thirty-one patients with occupational asthma to wheat flour were studied. Particle aerosols were generated by a computer-controlled aerosoliser and the results were expressed as the provocative dose causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (PD20). The cumulative dose (from the beginning of the challenge), the last inhaled dose, and an estimated dose (taking into account exponential deactivation), were calculated. Twenty patients had high reactivity to flour (reaching a PD20 value). Eleven patients had intermediate reactivity (no measurable PD20 but significantly greater fall in FEV1 compared with lactose challenge). A better correlation between change in FEV1 and dose was obtained for the estimated dose than for the cumulative or last inhaled dose. The bronchial response to wheat flour can be measured by the individual specific hyperreactivity and is expressed by provocative dose of flour. However, deactivation of the allergen and mediators has to be taken into account. This problem can be addressed by using a mathematical model.
A Novel Approach to Detect Hardware Trojan Attacks on Primary Data Inputs

Hardware security is an important component of any chip design intended for use by critical infrastructure or any scenario where a malicious party may want to cause trouble. A possible avenue of attack is to insert tiny Hardware Trojan (HT) logic at the primary data inputs which the attacker can trigger undetected. A detection architecture and approach is proposed where initial data generation from analog to digital values is coupled with generation of a unique signature prior to passing the data (and associated signature) for later processing. A specific situation of providing the data to a cipher chip motivates and demonstrates the approach which regenerates the signature in the cipher chip and compares against the signature input with the data; a mismatch indicates that there is a problem. The practical impact of the approach in foiling attacks by tiny HT logic can be further strengthened by the select use of reconfigurable logic for off-chip signature generation and on-chip comparison/test as the attacker can only place a small amount of HT logic and remain "tiny. "
Gait Partitioning Methods: A Systematic Review

In the last years, gait phase partitioning has come to be a challenging research topic due to its impact on several applications related to gait technologies. A variety of sensors can be used to feed algorithms for gait phase partitioning, mainly classifiable as wearable or non-wearable. Among wearable sensors, footswitches or foot pressure insoles are generally considered as the gold standard; however, to overcome some inherent limitations of the former, inertial measurement units have become popular in recent decades. Valuable results have been achieved also though electromyography, electroneurography, and ultrasonic sensors. Non-wearable sensors, such as opto-electronic systems along with force platforms, remain the most accurate system to perform gait analysis in an indoor environment. In the present paper we identify, select, and categorize the available methodologies for gait phase detection, analyzing advantages and disadvantages of each solution. Finally, we comparatively examine the obtainable gait phase granularities, the usable computational methodologies and the optimal sensor placements on the targeted body segments.
Localization of Fibrinogen in the Vasculo-Astrocyte Interface after Cortical Contusion Injury in Mice

Besides causing neuronal damage, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is involved in memory reduction, which can be a result of alterations in vasculo-neuronal interactions. Inflammation following TBI is involved in elevation of blood content of fibrinogen (Fg), which is known to enhance cerebrovascular permeability, and thus, enhance its deposition in extravascular space. However, the localization of Fg in the extravascular space and its possible interaction with nonvascular cells are not clear. The localization of Fg deposition in the extravascular space was defined in brain samples of mice after cortical contusion injury (CCI) and sham-operation (control) using immunohistochemistry and laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Memory changes were assessed with new object recognition and Y-maze tests. Data showed a greater deposition of Fg in the vascular and astrocyte endfeet interface in mice with CCI than in control animals. This effect was accompanied by enhanced neuronal degeneration and reduction in short-term memory in mice with CCI. Thus, our results suggest that CCI induces increased deposition of Fg in the vasculo-astrocyte interface, and is accompanied by neuronal degeneration, which may result in reduction of short-term memory.
Results Following Gamma Knife Radiosurgical Anterior Capsulotomies for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

BACKGROUND:Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), in its severe form, can cause tremendous disability for affected patients. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the results following bilateral radiosurgical anterior capsulotomy for severe medically refractory OCD. METHODS:We performed gamma knife anterior capsulotomy (GKAC) on 3 patients with extreme, medically intractable OCD. According to our protocol, all patients were evaluated by at least 2 psychiatrists who recommended surgery. The patient had to request the procedure, and had to have severe OCD according to the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). Patient ages were 37, 55, and 40 years, and pre-radiosurgery YBOCS scores were 34/40, 39/40, and 39/40. Bilateral lesions were created with 2 4-mm isocenters to create an oval volume in the ventral internal capsule at the putaminal midpoint. A maximum dose of 140 or 150 Gy was used. RESULTS:There was no morbidity after the procedure, and all patients returned immediately to baseline function. All patients noted significant functional improvements, and reduction in OCD behavior. Follow-up was at 55, 42, and 28 months. The first patient reduced her YBOCS score from 34 to 24. One patient with compulsive skin picking and an open wound had later healing of the chronic wound and a reduction in the YBOCS score from 39 to 8. At 28 months, the third patient is living and working independently, and her YBOCS score is 18. CONCLUSION:Within a strict protocol, gamma knife radiosurgery provided improvement of OCD behavior with no adverse effects. This technique should be evaluated further in patients with severe and disabling behavioral disorders.
Acetylation of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 by p300/CREB-binding Protein Regulates Coactivation of NF-κB-dependent Transcription*

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) have both been demonstrated to play a pathophysiological role in a number of inflammatory disorders. We recently presented evidence that PARP-1 can act as a promoter-specific coactivator of NF-κB in vivo independent of its enzymatic activity. PARP-1 directly interacts with p300 and both subunits of NF-κB (p65 and p50) and synergistically coactivates NF-κB-dependent transcription. Here we show that PARP-1 is acetylated in vivo at specific lysine residues by p300/CREB-binding protein upon stimulation. Furthermore, acetylation of PARP-1 at these residues is required for the interaction of PARP-1 with p50 and synergistic coactivation of NF-κB by p300 and the Mediator complex in response to inflammatory stimuli. PARP-1 physically interacts with the Mediator. Interestingly, PARP-1 interacts in vivo with histone deacetylases (HDACs) 1-3 but not with HDACs 4-6 and might be deacetylated in vivo by HDACs 1-3. Thus, acetylation of PARP-1 by p300/CREB-binding protein plays an important regulatory role in NF-κB-dependent gene activation by enhancing its functional interaction with p300 and the Mediator complex.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Peroxisomal Import Receptor Pex5p Is Monoubiquitinated in Wild Type Cells*

Pex5p is a mobile receptor for peroxisomal targeting signal type I-containing proteins that cycles between the cytoplasm and the peroxisome. Here we show that Pex5p is a stable protein that is monoubiquitinated in wild type cells. By making use of mutants defective in vacuolar or proteasomal degradation we demonstrate that monoubiquitinated Pex5p is not a breakdown intermediate of either system. Monoubiquitinated Pex5p is localized to peroxisomes, and ubiquitination requires the presence of functional docking and RING finger complexes, which suggests that it is a late event in peroxisomal matrix protein import. In pex1, pex4, pex6, pex15, and pex22 mutants, all of which are blocked in the terminal steps of peroxisomal matrix protein import, polyubiquitinated forms of Pex5p accumulate, ubiquitination being dependent on the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc4p. However, Ubc4p is not required for Pex5p ubiquitination in wild type cells, and cells lacking Ubc4p are not affected in peroxisome biogenesis. These results indicate that Pex5p monoubiquitination in wild type cells serves to regulate rather than to degrade Pex5p, which is supported by the observed stability of Pex5p. We propose that Pex5p monoubiquitination in wild type cells is required for the recycling of Pex5p from the peroxisome, whereas Ubc4p-mediated polyubiquitination of Pex5p in mutants blocked in the terminal steps of peroxisomal matrix protein import may function as a disposal mechanism for Pex5p when it gets stuck in the import pathway.
Having two bosses: considering the relationships between LMX, satisfaction with HR practices, and organizational commitment

This study went beyond previous research on leader–member exchange (LMX) by examining employees who are supervised by more than one boss. Using data from 122 PhDs from a Dutch university, this study had three research objectives. First, to examine the effects of PhDs' LMX with both their promoter and their assistant promoter on affective organizational commitment (AOC). Second, to examine the mediating role of satisfaction with human resource (HR) practices in the two LMX–AOC relationships. Since the promoter as the higher level boss has more influence on different HR practices the third objective was to examine whether the LMX–AOC relationship is stronger for the promoter than for the assistant promoter. The results showed that both promoter LMX and assistant promoter LMX were positively related to PhDs' AOC, and both relationships were fully mediated by PhDs' satisfaction with HR practices. As expected, these effects were significantly stronger for the promoter than for the assistant promoter.