Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of neutral gas at high redshift: implications for the epoch of galaxy formation

Although observationally rare, damped Lyα absorption systems dominate the mass density of neutral gas in the Universe. 11 high-redshift damped Lyα systems covering 2.8 ≤z ≤ 4.4 were discovered in 26 QSOs from the APM z > 4 QSO survey, extending these absorption system surveys to the highest redshifts currently possible. Combining our new data set with previous surveys, we find that the cosmological mass density in neutral gas, Ωg, does not rise as steeply prior to z ∼ 2 as indicated by previous studies. There is evidence in the observed Ωg for a flattening at z ∼ 2 and a possible turnover at z ∼ 3. When combined with the decline at z > 3.5 in number density per unit redshift of damped systems with column densities log NHI ≥ 21 atom cm^(−2), these results point to an epoch at z ≳ 3 prior to which the highest column density damped systems are still forming. We find that, over the redshift range 2 < z < 4, the total mass in neutral gas is marginally comparable to the total visible mass in stars in present-day galaxies. However, if one considers the total mass visible in stellar discs alone, i.e. excluding galactic bulges, the two values are comparable. We are observing a mass of neutral gas that is comparable to the mass of visible disc stars. Lanzetta, Wolfe & Turnshek found that Ω(z ≈ 3.5) was twice Ω(z ≈ 2), implying that a much larger amount of star formation must have taken place between z = 3.5 and 2 than is indicated by metallicity studies. This created a ‘cosmic G-dwarf problem’. The more gradual evolution of Ωg that we find alleviates this. These results have profound implications for theories of galaxy formation.
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis bacteraemia in a kidney transplant patient.

Despite attempts to establish a situation of tolerance to an allograft, at present, kidney transplantation is inevitably associated with the use of immunosuppressive drugs and, consequently, an increased risk of infection [1,2]. Here we present a patient with a kidney transplant who developed a bacteraemia with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 5 years after transplantation, which is a rare complication of Y.pseudotuberculosis infection and has been reported only once before in the context of kidney transplantation.
Increased Mortality With Oral Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists: A Meta-Analysis of Phase III Multicenter Randomized Trials

BackgroundNumerous clinical trials have established the benefits of intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition in the management of coronary artery disease. In contrast, the recent large-scale, placebo-controlled, randomized trials of the oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists have failed to provide commensurate reductions in late composite ischemic end points despite potent inhibition of platelet aggregation. Methods and ResultsThe ORs for death, myocardial infarction, urgent revascularization, and major bleeding from the 4 large-scale, placebo-controlled, randomized trials with oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were calculated and combined. Stratification by low-dose or high-dose therapy and the use of concurrent aspirin was also undertaken. In 33 326 patients followed for >30 days, a consistent and statistically significant increase in mortality was observed with oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa therapy (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.66;P =0.001). This effect was evident regardless of aspirin coadministration and treatment with either low-dose or high-dose therapy. Although a reduction in urgent revascularization was observed with oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition, pooled analysis favored an increase in myocardial infarction that did not demonstrate statistical significance. ConclusionsAlthough we found a highly significant excess in mortality consistent across 4 trials with 3 different oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor agents, this was associated with a reduction in the need for urgent revascularization and no increase in myocardial infarction. These findings suggest the potential for a direct toxic effect with these agents and argue against a prothrombotic mechanism. Further investigation to elucidate the cause of this increased fatality risk is warranted.
Reduced Need for Rescue Antiemetics and Improved Capacity to Eat in Patients Receiving Acupuncture Compared to Patients Receiving Sham Acupuncture or Standard Care during Radiotherapy

Objective. To evaluate if consumption of emesis-related care and eating capacity differed between patients receiving verum acupuncture, sham acupuncture, or standard care only during radiotherapy. Methods. Patients were randomized to verum (n = 100) or sham (n = 100) acupuncture (telescopic blunt sham needle) (median 12 sessions) and registered daily their consumption of antiemetics and eating capacity. A standard care group (n = 62) received standard care only and delivered these data once. Results. More patients in the verum (n = 73 of 89 patients still undergoing radiotherapy; 82%, Relative Risk (RR) 1.23, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.01–1.50) and the sham acupuncture group (n = 79 of 95; 83%, RR 1.24, CI 1.03–1.52) did not need any antiemetic medications, as compared to the standard care group (n = 42 out of 63; 67%) after receiving 27 Gray dose of radiotherapy. More patients in the verum (n = 50 of 89; 56%, RR 1.78, CI 1.31–2.42) and the sham acupuncture group (n = 58 of 94 answering patients; 62%, RR 1.83, CI 1.20–2.80) were capable of eating as usual, compared to the standard care group (n = 20 of 63; 39%). Conclusion. Patients receiving acupuncture had lower consumption of antiemetics and better eating capacity than patients receiving standard antiemetic care, plausible by nonspecific effects of the extra care during acupuncture.
Serial analysis of gene expression identifies putative metastasis-associated transcripts in colon tumour cellines

We have used serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) to identify gene expression differences between a primary colon tumour cell line (SW480) and an isogenic lymph-node metastasis cell line (SW620). Differential expression was confirmed for the following genes: keratin K5, cystatin S, serum amyloid A, the human homologue of yeast ribosomal S28 and the p32 subunit of human pre-mRNA splicing factor SF2. Expression of confirmed differences were also analysed in other metastatic cell lines. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Genetic Evidence for an Ethnic Diversity in the Susceptibility to Ménière’s Disease

Background Ménière’s disease (MD) is a debilitating disorder of the inner ear characterized by cochlear and vestibular dysfunction. The cause of this disease is still unknown, and epidemiological data for MD are sparse. From the existing literature, women seem to be more susceptible than men, and Caucasians seem to be more susceptible than Asians. Objective In this article, we characterize a large definite MD cohort for sex and age of onset of disease and use molecular genetic methodologies to characterize ethnicity. Study Design Medical record review for sex and age of onset. Ancestry analysis compared results from the principal component analysis of whole-genome genotype data from MD patients to self-identified ancestry in control samples. Setting House Clinic in Los Angeles. Patients Definitive MD patients. Results Our review of medical records for definitive MD patients reveals that women are more susceptible than men. We also find that men and women have nearly identical age of onset for disease. Lastly, interrogation of molecular genetic data with principal component analysis allowed detailed observations about the ethnic ancestry of our patients. Comparison of the ethnicity of MD patients presenting to our tertiary care clinic with the self-recollected ethnicity of all patients visiting the clinic revealed an ethnic bias, with Caucasians presenting at a higher frequency than expected and the remaining major ethnicities populating Los Angeles (Hispanics, Blacks, and Asians) presenting at a lower frequency than expected. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first ethnic characterization of a large MD cohort from a large metropolitan region using molecular genetic data. Our data suggest that there is a bias in sex and ethnic susceptibility to this disease.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES AT z ∼ 2 FROM NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY WITH MAGELLAN FIRE

We present results from near-infrared spectroscopy of 26 emission-line galaxies at z ∼ 2.2 and z ∼ 1.5 obtained with the Folded-port InfraRed Echellette (FIRE) spectrometer on the 6.5 m Magellan Baade telescope. The sample was selected from the WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallels survey, which uses the near-infrared grism of the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) to detect emission-line galaxies over 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 2.3. Our FIRE follow-up spectroscopy (R ∼ 5000) over 1.0–2.5 μm permits detailed measurements of the physical properties of the z ∼ 2 emission-line galaxies. Dust-corrected star formation rates for the sample range from ∼5–100 M☉ yr−1 with a mean of 29 M☉ yr−1. We derive a median metallicity for the sample of 12 + log(O/H) = 8.34 or ∼0.45 Z☉. The estimated stellar masses range from ∼108.5–109.5 M☉, and a clear positive correlation between metallicity and stellar mass is observed. The average ionization parameter measured for the sample, log U ≈ −2.5, is significantly higher than what is found for most star-forming galaxies in the local universe, but similar to the values found for other star-forming galaxies at high redshift. We derive composite spectra from the FIRE sample, from which we measure typical nebular electron densities of ∼100–400 cm−3. Based on the location of the galaxies and composite spectra on diagnostic diagrams, we do not find evidence for significant active galactic nucleus activity in the sample. Most of the galaxies, as well as the composites, are offset diagram toward higher [O iii]/Hβ at a given [N ii]/Hα, in agreement with other observations of z ≳ 1 star-forming galaxies, but composite spectra derived from the sample do not show an appreciable offset from the local star-forming sequence on the [O iii]/Hβ versus [S ii]/Hα diagram. We infer a high nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratio from the composite spectrum, which may contribute to the offset of the high-redshift galaxies from the local star-forming sequence in the [O iii]/Hβ versus [N ii]/Hα diagram. We speculate that the elevated nitrogen abundance could result from substantial numbers of Wolf–Rayet stars in starbursting galaxies at z ∼ 2.
Social Work Practice: An Introduction

Choosing among alternative approaches the relevance of theory to practice case management - interviewing, assessment and recording - interviewing and communicating, asking "good" questions, assessment, multidisciplinary assessments, assessing organization, record keeping case management - counselling, networking and mobilizing resources - counselling, two counselling models, framework for understanding counselling, networking, a network assembley, a problem solving network meeting, a network construction, mobilizing resources crisis intervention - what do we mean by crisis? , crisis and stress, techniques of crisis intervention, framework for understanding crisis intervention, coping with catastrophe task-centred practice - how the task-centred approach developed, the benefits of using task-centred methods, comparison with crisis intervention, some techniques in each of the five phases, framework for understanding task-centred practice the psychosocial approach - the psychosocial approach as a method of understanding, assessing ego strengths, criticisms of the psychosocial approach, some benefits and some techniques of the psychosocial approach, framework for understanding the psychosocial approach behavioural social work - four types of learning, some techniques and procedures, the growth of cognitive-behaviour therapy, framework for understanding behavioural approaches working with families - understanding family dynamics, four theoretical viewpoints in family therapy, beginning to work with families, working with couples, framework for understanding family and marital work working with groups - types and purposes of groups, planning the group, stages of development and the worker's tasks, handling difficulties in groups, assertiveness training ending social work intervention.
Plasma Inhibin A in Heifers: Relationship with Follicle Dynamics, Gonadotropins, and Steroids During the Estrous Cycle and after Treatment with Bovine Follicular Fluid1

Abstract The relationship between follicle growth and plasma inhibin A, FSH, LH, estradiol (E), and progesterone was investigated during the normal bovine estrous cycle and after treatment with steroid-free bovine follicular fluid (bFF) to arrest follicle development. In the first study, four heifers were monitored over three prostaglandin (PG)-synchronized cycles. Blood was collected every 2–8 h, and ovaries were examined daily by ultrasonography. Inhibin A was measured using a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that employed a new monoclonal antibody against the α subunit of bovine inhibin. Plasma inhibin A (∼50 pg/ml before luteolysis) rose steadily during the induced follicular phase (P < 0.05) to a peak (∼125 pg/ml) coincident with the preovulatory E/LH/FSH surge. After ovulation, inhibin A fell sharply (P < 0.05) to a nadir (∼55 pg/ml) coincident with the secondary FSH rise. During the next 3 days, inhibin A increased to approximately 90 pg/ml in association with growth of the new dominant follicle (DF). Plasma E also rose twofold during this period, whereas FSH fell by approximately 50%. Inhibin A was negatively correlated with FSH (r = −0.37, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with E (r = 0.49, P < 0.0001). Observations on eight cycles (two cycles/heifer), in which growth of the ovulatory DF was monitored from emergence to ovulation, showed that the first-wave DF (DF1) ovulated in three cycles and the second-wave DF (DF2) in five cycles. After PG, plasma inhibin A and E increased similarly in both groups, with concomitant falls in FSH. In the former group, the restricted ability of DF1 to secrete both inhibin A and E was restored after luteolysis. Results indicate that dynamic changes in the secretion of both E and inhibin A from the DF contribute to the fall in FSH during the follicular phase and to the generation and termination of the secondary FSH surge, both of which play a key role in follicle selection. In the second study, bFF (two dose levels) was administered to heifers (n = 3–4) for 60 h starting from the time of DF1 emergence. Both doses suppressed FSH (P < 0.05) and blocked DF1 growth to the same extent (P < 0.01), although inhibin A levels were only marginally raised by the lower dose (not significant compared to controls). The high bFF dose raised (P < 0.001) inhibin A to supraphysiological levels (∼1 ng/ml). A large “rebound” rise in FSH occurred within 1 day of stopping both treatments, even though the inhibin A level in the high-dose bFF group was still approximately threefold higher than that in controls. This indicates that desensitization of gonadotropes to inhibin negative feedback is a contributory factor, together with reduced ovarian output of E, in generation of the post-bFF rebound in FSH.
La théorie contractuelle des organisations:une application au conseil d'administration;The contractual theory of organizations:An application to the board of directors of French firms

(VF)Le renouvellement actuel du programme de recherche neo-classique se traduit par l'emergence de la theorie contractuelle des organisations, qui peut contribuer a ameliorer sensiblement notre connaissance du comportement des organisations. L'objectif de cet article est, d'une part, de presenter succinctement les traits principaux de cette theorie et, d'autre part, d'exposer et de tester ses predictions quant au role et a la composition du conseil d'administration dans les firmes cotees francaises. (VA)The current renewal of the neo-classical research programme is characterized by the emergence of the contractual theory of organizations, which may noticeably improve our understanding of the behaviour of organizations. The objective of this article is on the one hand to develop briefly the main characteristics of this theory and on the other hand to explain and test its predictions as to the role and composition of the board of directors in listed French firms. The test makes it impossible to invalidate the theory, so the latter appears reinforced.
Arrhythmia Recognition: The Art of Interpretation

2004 AJN BOOK OF THE YEAR AWARD WINNER! An American Journal of Nursing 2004 Book of the Year! Arrhythmia Recognition: The Art of Interpretation uses hundreds of four-color graphics to communicate the complex topics related to arrhythmia recognition. The text focuses on the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of complex arrhythmias and on their clinical recognition. Each rhythm strip provides a descriptive table outlining the various abnormalities in a logical, easy-to-follow sequence. In addition, there are analytical narratives outlining what providers should consider when approaching the strip. The tables and analytical narratives are intended to formulate functional interpretative skills to consider when approaching a complex arrhythmia in a clinical situation.
Comparative evaluation of direct torque control strategies for permanent magnet synchronous machines

This paper presents a detailed comparative evaluation of several direct torque control (DTC) strategies for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs), namely basic DTC, model predictive DTC (MPDTC) and DTC with duty ratio modulation (DTC-duty). Moreover, field orient control (FOC) is also included in this study. The aforementioned control strategies are reviewed and their performances are analyzed and compared. The comparison is carried out through simulation of a 60 kW PMSM fed by a two-level voltage source inverter (VSI). With the intent to fully reveal advantages and disadvantages of each control strategy, critical evaluation has been conducted on the basis of several criteria: torque and stator flux ripple, inverter switching frequency, machine parameter sensitivity, computational complexity and stator current total harmonic distortion (THD). The choice of control scheme can be determined based on specific requirements of particular application under consideration.
Behavioral Pattern during Dental Pain in Intellectually Disabled Children: A Comparative Study

Aim. Children with developmental disabilities generally experience more pain than the normal children. Description of pain is generally difficult in children and more so in children with intellectual disabilities. The study aimed at evaluating dental pain in children with intellectual disabilities. Methods. The survey was carried out in an institution caring for intellectually disabled children to determine the oral health status and the treatment needs of the special kids. 236 children were surveyed out of which the test group is comprised of 111 intellectually disabled children and the control group had 125 normal children with age ranging between five to eighteen years. A questionnaire was presented to the caregivers to elaborate about dental pain in their wards using the dental discomfort questionnaire (DDQ+). The children were examined for dental caries and periodontal status based on the WHO indices for oral hygiene status. Result. Results revealed a statistically significant difference between intellectual disability and brushing, chewing, and earache. The frequency of reporting dental pain was lesser in the intellectually disabled group. Conclusion. Children with intellectual disability tended to report dental pain of any nature with lesser frequency than typically developing peers. They also faced greater difficulty in brushing and chewing.
Non-Contact Plant Growth Measurement Method and System Based on Ubiquitous Sensor Network Technologies

This paper proposes a non-contact plant growth measurement system using infrared sensors based on the ubiquitous sensor network (USN) technology. The proposed system measures plant growth parameters such as the stem radius of plants using real-time non-contact methods, and generates diameter, cross-sectional area and thickening form of plant stems using this measured data. Non-contact sensors have been used not to cause any damage to plants during measurement of the growth parameters. Once the growth parameters are measured, they are transmitted to a remote server using the sensor network technology and analyzed in the application program server. The analyzed data are then provided for administrators and a group of interested users. The proposed plant growth measurement system has been designed and implemented using fixed-type and rotary-type infrared sensor based measurement methods and devices. Finally, the system performance is compared and verified with the measurement data that have been obtained by practical field experiments.
Constructing a Language From Scratch: Combining Bottom–Up and Top–Down Learning Processes in a Computational Model of Language Acquisition

We present a computational model that allows us to study the interplay of different processes involved in first language acquisition. We build on the assumption that language acquisition is usage-driven and assume that there are different processes in language acquisition operating at different levels. Bottom-up processing allows a learner to identify regularities in the linguistic input received, while top–down processing exploits prior experience and previous knowledge to guide choices made during bottom–up processing. To shed light on the interplay between top–down and bottom–up processing in language acquisition, we present a computational model of language acquisition that is based on bootstrapping mechanisms and is usage-based in that it relies on discovered regularities to segment speech into word-like units. Based on this initial segmentation, our model induces a construction grammar that in turn acts as a top–down prior that guides the segmentation of new sentences into words. We spell out in detail these processes and their interplay, showing that top–down processing increases both understanding performance and segmentation accuracy. Our model thus contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between bottom–up and top–down processes in first language acquisition and thus to a better understanding of the mechanisms and architecture involved in language acquisition.