Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iranian nurses' perspectives on factors influencing medication errors.

BACKGROUND Medical errors are one of the major threats for patient safety in all countries. Medication errors are common medical mistakes that can lead to serious consequences and even death of patients. AIM The aim of this study was to explore nurses' perspectives of factors influencing medication errors. METHODS This qualitative study based on content analysis included 20 nurses (n = 20) with at least 2 years of clinical experience working in a large teaching hospital. The nurses were selected using purposeful sampling. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using deductive content analysis approach based on Reason's human error model. Rigor of the data was confirmed by external and member check. RESULTS Two themes were identified by the participants: (1) the individual approach including personal and psychological characteristics of nurses, patient medical history and physicians' orders errors; and (2) the cultural and organizational approach including workplace conditions, learning process, risk management strategies, nurses' pharmacological knowledge, inevitable nursing errors and medication error complications. LIMITATIONS Concern about the potential consequences related to reporting of the medication errors was the major limitation of this study. Participants' concerns were handled by keeping their identity confidential and anonymous. CONCLUSION Results show the importance of planning comprehensive educational programmes and providing constructive feedback in a favourable learning climate. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY Findings of this study can be beneficial to managers for nurturing a transparent organizational culture, whereby staff members freely discuss their errors in patient care and seek advice for problem solving.
Threshold Functions for the Bipartite Tura'n property

Let G2(n) denote a bipartite graph with n vertices in each color class, and let z(n;t) be the bipartite Tur an number, representing the maximum possible number of edges in G2(n) if it does not contain a copy of the complete bipartite subgraph K(t;t). It is then clear that (n;t )= n 2 z (n;t) denotes the minimum number of zeros in an nn zero-one matrix that does not contain a tt submatrix consisting of all ones. We are interested in the behaviour of z(n;t) when both t and n go to innity. The case 2 t n 1=5 has been treated in [9] ; here we use a dierent method to consider the overlapping case logn t n 1=3 . Fill an nn matrix randomly with z ones and = n 2 z zeros. Then, we prove that the asymptotic probability that there are no tt submatrices with all ones is zero or one, according as z (t=ne) 2=t expfan=t 2 g or z (t=ne) 2=t expf(logt bn)=t 2 g, where an tends to innity at a specied rate, and bn! 1is arbitrary. The proof employs
Promoting Client Participation by Social Workers

Abstract The article presents a study that examined the contribution of empowerment (personal, political, and abilities) and background variables (age, religiosity, and marital status) of social workers to promoting participation among two groups of clients: long-term residents of Israel, and new immigrants. The findings revealed that only political empowerment contributed toward promoting client participation among both of the groups examined. As for the impact of background variables, the findings indicated that gender (for long-term residents) and religiosity (for immigrants) contributed to promoting client participation only when there was an interaction with political empowerment. Background variables and maturity (in terms of age and marital status) also contributed toward promoting participation among immigrant clients. The article discusses the nature of empowerment and analyzes the relationship between empowerment of social workers and promoting client participation.
Generation of wavelength tunable gain-switched pulses from FP MQW lasers with external injection seeding

High-repetition rate (20 GHz), wavelength tunable (40 nm) optical pulses have been generated by gain switching of 1.55-/spl mu/m Fabry-Perot (FP) multiple-quantum-well (MQW) lasers using continuous-wave (CW) light injection for longitudinal mode selection. After fiber compression, a pulse duration shorter than 5.8 ps was obtained over the entire wavelength tuning range. The pulsewidth, chirping characteristics and side-mode suppression ratio were investigated as functions of the seeding power and wavelength. In addition, we report on the observation of chaos and period doubling for a gain-switched laser without injection seeding, and show that irregular behavior can be suppressed by injection seeding of the laser.
Effectiveness of Phytoremediation as a Secondary Treatment for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Composted Soil

ABSTRACT A greenhouse study was conducted over a 12-month period to investigate the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil using phytoremediation as a secondary treatment. The soil was pretreated by composting for 12 weeks, then planted with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis). Two sets of unvegetated controls also were evaluated, one fertilized and one unfertilized. Total PAH concentrations decreased in the tall fescue, annual ryegrass, and yellow sweet clover treatments by 23.9%, 15.3%, and 9.1%, respectively, whereas the control was reduced by less than 5%. The smaller two- and most of the three-ringed compounds—naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, and anthracene—were not found in detectable concentrations in any of the treatments. The most probable number analysis for microbial PAH degraders did not show any statistically significant differences among treatments. There were significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05) for the residual concentrations of five of the target PAHs. Root surface area measurements indicated that tall fescue and annual ryegrass both had significantly higher root surface area than yellow sweet clover, although the two species were not significantly different from each other. The tall fescue treatment resulted in the highest root and shoot biomass, followed by annual ryegrass and yellow sweet clover, and also had the highest percent of contaminant removal after 12 months. These results imply a positive relationship between plant biomass development and PAH biodegradation.
Preconditioning Kernel Matrices

The computational and storage complexity of kernel machines presents the primary barrier to their scaling to large, modern, datasets. A common way to tackle the scalability issue is to use the conjugate gradient algorithm, which relieves the constraints on both storage (the kernel matrix need not be stored) and computation (both stochastic gradients and parallelization can be used). Even so, conjugate gradient is not without its own issues: the conditioning of kernel matrices is often such that conjugate gradients will have poor convergence in practice. Preconditioning is a common approach to alleviating this issue. Here we propose preconditioned conjugate gradients for kernel machines, and develop a broad range of preconditioners particularly useful for kernel matrices. We describe a scalable approach to both solving kernel machines and learning their hyperparameters. We show this approach is exact in the limit of iterations and outperforms state-of-the-art approximations for a given computational budget.
Adaptive Performance Compensation With In-Situ Timing Error Predictive Sensors for Subthreshold Circuits

We present an adaptive technique for compensating manufacturing and environmental variability in subthreshold circuits using “canary flip-flop (FF),” which can predict timing errors. A 32-bit Kogge-Stone adder whose performance was controlled by body-biasing was fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process. Measurement results show that the adaptive control can compensate process, supply voltage, and temperature variations and improve the energy efficiency of subthreshold circuits by up to 46% compared to worst-case design and operation with guardbanding. We also discuss how to determine design parameters, such as the inserted location and the buffer delay of the canary FF, supposing two approaches: configuration in the design phase and post-silicon tuning.
Actividad físico-deportiva, autoconcepto físico y satisfacción con la vida

La relacion entre la actividad fisico-deportiva y el autoconcepto fisico esta bien documentada. De otro lado, diversos estudios respaldan el hecho de que la actividad fisico-deportiva esta vinculada a la satisfaccion con la vida, relacion que algunos autores defienden que esta mediada por el autoconcepto fisico. Con el objeto de comprobar de que manera estan relacionadas estas tres variables, en este estudio participan 408 personas (163 hombres; 245 mujeres) de entre 23 y 65 anos (M = 44.82; DT = 13.44); se les clasifica en sedentarias (37.5%), moderadamente activas (35.4%), activas (16%) y muy activas (11%), en funcion del gasto metabolico (expresado en METs) calculado a partir de la frecuencia × la duracion × el valor de la actividad fisica que desarrollan. Los resultados permiten identificar relaciones positivas de la actividad fisico-deportiva con la autopercepcion fisica y con la satisfaccion con la vida en el siguiente sentido: a mayor practica de actividad fisico-deportiva, mejor autoconcepto y mejores niveles de satisfaccion con la vida. Palabras clave: Actividad fisico-deportiva, METs, autoconcepto fisico, satisfaccion con la vida. Physical-sporting activity, physical self-concept and satisfaction with life. The relationship between physical-sporting activity and physical self-concept has been well documented. Furthermore, diverse studies also support the finding that physical-sporting activity is linked to satisfaction with life, a relationship which some authors believe to be mediated by physical self-concept. This study aims to verify the way in which these three variables are related. Participants were 408 adults (163 men and 245 women) aged between 23 and 65 (M = 44.82; SD = 13.44), classified into sedentary (37.5%), moderately active (35.4%), active (16%) and very active (11%), depending on metabolic expenditure (expressed as METs) calculated on the basis of frequency x duration x value of the physical activity carried out. The results reveal positive associations between physical-sporting activity and both physical self-concept and satisfaction with life, in the following sense: the more physical-sporting activity engaged in, the better the subject’s self-concept and the greater their satisfaction with life.
Extending LTE into the Unlicensed Spectrum: Technical Analysis of the Proposed Variants

The commercial success of LTE and the resulting growth in mobile data demand have urged cellular network operators to strive for new innovations. LTE in unlicensed spectrum has been proposed to allow cellular network operators to offload some of their data traffic by accessing the unlicensed 5 GHz frequency band. Currently, there are three proposed variants for LTE operation in the unlicensed band, namely LTE-U, licensed assisted access (LAA), and MulteFire. This article provides a comparative analysis of these variants and explains the current regulations of the 5 GHz band in different parts of the world. We present the technical details of the three proposed versions and analyze them in terms of their operational features and coexistence capabilities to provide an R&D perspective for their deployment and coexistence with legacy systems.
Patient-Centered Communication Scoring Method Report on Nine Coded Interviews

Based on the patient-centered clinical method (Brown, Weston, & Stewart, 1989; Levenstein, McCracken, McWhinney, Stewart, & Brown, 1986; Stewart, 1995; Weston, Brown, & Stewart, 1989), a method of scoring patient–doctor encounters that were either audiotaped or videotaped was developed. This scoring procedure has several advantages over the commonly used methods (Bales, 1950; Kaplan, Greenfield, & Ware, 1989; Roter, 1977; Roter, Cole, Kern, Barker, & Grayson, 1990; Stewart, 1984): (a) It does not require that the taped interview between the patient and the doctor be transcribed; and (b) it is theory based, that is, it was developed specifically to assess the behaviors of patients and doctors ascribed by the patient-centered clinical method (Stewart, 1995). The scoring procedure was described fully in a working paper titled “Assessing Communication Between Patients and Doctors: A Manual for Scoring Patient-Centered Communication” (Brown, Stewart, & Tessier, 1995). Interrater reliability of an earlier version of the scoring was established among three raters at r = . 687, . 835, and . 803 (Brown, Stewart, McCracken, McWhinney, & Levenstein, 1986). A more recent study (Stewart et al., 2000), using the current version, established an interrater reliability of . 83 and an intrarater reliability of . 73. The validity of the scoring procedure was established by a high correlation (.85) with global scores of experienced communication researchers (Stewart et al., 2000). The measure allows scores to range theoretically from 0 (not at all patient-centered) to 100 (very patient-centered) communication and includes three main HEALTH COMMUNICATION, 13(1), 19–31 Copyright © 2001, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Strategic Transformations in Nigerian Writing: Orality and History in the Work of Rev. Samuel Johnson, Amos Tutuola, Wole Soyinka and Ben Okri

African literature and the question of orality nutritive junctures - Rev Samuel Johnson and Yoruba Historiography treasure of an opulent fancy - Amos Tutuola and the folktale narrative the space of transformations - theory, myth and ritual in the work of Wole Soyinka narrative through a prism of indigenous beliefs - examples from Ben Okri's short stories harvesting the folkloric intuition - "The Famished Road".
Role of fatty acids in Bacillus environmental adaptation

The large bacterial genus Bacillus is widely distributed in the environment and is able to colonize highly diverse niches. Some Bacillus species harbor pathogenic characteristics. The fatty acid (FA) composition is among the essential criteria used to define Bacillus species. Some elements of the FA pattern composition are common to Bacillus species, whereas others are specific and can be categorized in relation to the ecological niches of the species. Bacillus species are able to modify their FA patterns to adapt to a wide range of environmental changes, including changes in the growth medium, temperature, food processing conditions, and pH. Like many other Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus strains display a well-defined FA synthesis II system that is equilibrated with a FA degradation pathway and regulated to efficiently respond to the needs of the cell. Like endogenous FAs, exogenous FAs may positively or negatively affect the survival of Bacillus vegetative cells and the spore germination ability in a given environment. Some of these exogenous FAs may provide a powerful strategy for preserving food against contamination by the Bacillus pathogenic strains responsible for foodborne illness.
Outcomes, cost and long term survival of patients referred to a regional weaning centre

Background: Regional weaning centres provide cost effective care for patients who have undergone prolonged mechanical ventilation. There are few published European data on outcomes in these patients. Methods: Patients admitted for weaning to the Lane Fox Respiratory Unit (LFU) between January 1997 and December 2000 were identified. The proportion weaned from mechanical ventilation, in-hospital mortality, and subsequent survival after discharge were examined. Results: A total of 153 patients had been ventilated for a median of 26 days before transfer. The daily cost per patient stay was €1350. Fifty eight patients (38%) were fully weaned, 42 (27%) died, and 53 (35%) required ventilatory support at discharge from hospital of whom 36 (24%) required only nocturnal ventilation. Univariate analysis showed increasing age (OR 1.06, p<0.001), length of ICU stay (OR 1.02, p = 0.001), APACHE II predicted risk of death score (OR 1.02, p = 0.05), and a surgical cause for admission (OR 4.04) were associated with mortality. Neuromuscular/chest wall conditions were associated with low mortality (OR 0.36) but low likelihood of weaning from ventilation (OR 0.28). Female sex (OR 2.13, p = 0.03) and COPD (OR 2.81) were associated with successful weaning. Overall survival at 3 years from admission was 47%. Long term survival was lowest in patients with COPD. Conclusions: Most patients survived to leave hospital, the majority having been liberated from ventilatory support. Survivors were younger and spent less time ventilated in the referring ICU. The underlying diagnosis determined success of weaning, hospital survival, and long term outcome.
Repurposing of ATX computer power supplies for PV applications in developing countries

To date, the recycling process for most Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) simply involves recovering materials using pyrometallurgy and similar techniques due to the difficultly of removal of their constituent components. Thus most components are incinerated with all other non-recyclable materials. However, for specific types of WEEE an alternative approach has evolved namely the reuse or repurposing of particular parts of the equipment suitable for second life. This paper presents a novel photovoltaic system suitable for disparate population centers in the developing world utilising the ubiquitous ATX computer power supply.
Cancer risk after use of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 for spinal arthrodesis.

BACKGROUND Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is a growth factor known to have in vitro effects on the growth and invasiveness of cancer. It has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in limited doses for single-level anterior spinal arthrodesis, but it is commonly used off-label and at high doses. The effect of rhBMP-2 on the risk of cancer has been a concern. We sought to evaluate the risk of new cancers in patients receiving high-dose rhBMP-2. METHODS We used publicly available data from a pivotal, multicenter, randomized controlled trial of patients with degenerative lumbar spine conditions who underwent a single-level instrumented posterolateral arthrodesis with either high-dose rhBMP-2 in a compression-resistant matrix (CRM) (rhBMP-2/CRM; n = 239) or autogenous bone graft (control group; n = 224). We compared the risks of new cancers in the rhBMP-2/CRM and control groups at two and five years after surgery. RESULTS At two years, with 86% follow-up, there were fifteen new cancer events in eleven patients in the rhBMP-2/CRM group compared with two new cancer events in two patients in the control group treated with autogenous bone graft. The incidence rate of new cancer events per 100 person-years was 3.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89 to 5.56) in the rhBMP-2/CRM group at two years compared with 0.50 (95% CI, 0.06 to 1.80) in the control group. The incidence rate ratio was 6.75 (95% CI, 1.57 to 60.83; p = 0.0026) at two years. Calculated in terms of the number of patients with one or more cancer events two years after the surgery, the incidence rate per 100 person-years was 2.54 (95% CI, 1.27 to 4.54) in the rhBMP-2/CRM group compared with 0.50 (95% CI, 0.06 to 1.82) in the control group at two years; the incidence rate ratio was 5.04 (95% CI, 1.10 to 46.82; p = 0.0194). At five years, there was a 37% loss of follow-up, but a significantly greater incidence of cancer events was still observed in the rhBMP-2/CRM group. CONCLUSIONS A high dose of 40 mg of rhBMP-2/CRM in lumbar spinal arthrodesis was associated with an increased risk of new cancer.
Teaching and learning astronomy in primary schools

On 1 August 1989, a National Curriculum of subjects was introduced to all maintained schools throughout England and Wales, bringing compulsory science education into the primary sector for the first time. Astronomy was included to capitalise on children's interest and enthusiasm in this area and to enrich their experiences of science. Over the years that followed to 1995, the national science curriculum was reviewed and overhauled twice and astronomy education provision reduced to the point of virtual exclusion. The reasons for this are wide and varied but all appear linked to the speed and extent to which curriculum reforms and changes took place between 1989 and 1995 and the lack of research evidence available at the time to inform curriculum debate. In this article, some commonly held beliefs about what primary children can and cannot learn about astronomy are challenged.
Financial Valuation and Risk Management Working Paper No . 603 Bank CEO Incentives and the Credit Crisis

We investigate whether bank performance during the credit crisis of 2008 is related to CEO incentives and share ownership before the crisis and whether CEOs reduced their equity stakes in their banks in anticipation of the crisis. There is no evidence that banks with CEOs whose incentives were better aligned with the interests of their shareholders performed better during the crisis and evidence that these banks actually performed worse both in terms of stock returns and in terms of accounting return on equity (ROE). Further, banks with higher option compensation and with a larger fraction of compensation given in the form of cash bonuses did not have worse performance during the crisis. All these results hold for banks that received TARP assistance as well as other banks that did not. The incentives of non-CEO top executives are unrelated to bank performance during the crisis. Bank CEOs did not reduce their holdings of shares in anticipation of the crisis or during the crisis; there is also no evidence that they hedged their equity exposure. Consequently, they suffered extremely large wealth losses as a result of the crisis.
Hematopoietic Cell Fate and the Initiation of Leukemic Properties in Primitive Primary Human Cells Are Influenced by Ras Activity and Farnesyltransferase Inhibition

ABSTRACT The Ras pathway transduces divergent signals determining normal cell fate and is frequently activated in hematopoietic malignancies, but the manner in which activation contributes to human leukemia is poorly understood. We report that a high level of activated H-Ras signaling in transduced primary human hematopoietic progenitors reduced their proliferation and enhanced monocyte/macrophage differentiation. However, the exposure of these cells to a farnesyltransferase inhibitor and establishment of a moderate level of Ras activity showed increased proliferation, an elevated frequency of primitive blast-like cells, and progenitors with enhanced self-renewal capacity. These results suggest that the amplitude of Ras pathway signaling is a determinant of myeloid cell fate and that moderate Ras activation in primitive hematopoietic cells can be an early event in leukemogenesis.