Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Power Allocation and Control in Time-Varying Multi-Carrier MIMO Networks

In this paper, we examine the fundamental trade-off between radiated power and achieved throughput in wireless multi-carrier, multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems that vary with time in an unpredictable fashion (e.g. due to changes in the wireless medium or the users' QoS requirements). Contrary to the static/stationary channel regime, there is no optimal power allocation profile to target (either static or in the mean), so the system's users must adapt to changes in the environment "on the fly", without being able to predict the system's evolution ahead of time. In this dynamic context, we formulate the users' power/throughput trade-off as an online optimization problem and we provide a matrix exponential learning algorithm that leads to no regret - i.e. the proposed transmit policy is asymptotically optimal in hindsight, irrespective of how the system evolves over time. Furthermore, we also examine the robustness of the proposed algorithm under imperfect channel state information (CSI) and we show that it retains its regret minimization properties under very mild conditions on the measurement noise statistics. As a result, users are able to track the evolution of their individually optimum transmit profiles remarkably well, even under rapidly changing network conditions and high uncertainty. Our theoretical analysis is validated by extensive numerical simulations corresponding to a realistic network deployment and providing further insights in the practical implementation aspects of the proposed algorithm.
Cosmic Explosions in Three Dimensions: Supernova remnant and pulsar wind nebula interactions

I review several topics in the structure of supernova remnants. Hydrodynamic instabilities in young remnants may give rise to the cellular structure that is sometimes observed, although structure in the ejecta might also play a role. The presence of ejecta close to the forward shock front of a young remnant can be the result of ejecta clumps or the dynamical effects of cosmic rays. Slower moving ejecta clumps can affect the outer shock structure of older remnants such as Vela. Young remnants typically show a circular structure, but often have a one-sided asymmetry; the likely reasons are an asymmetric circumstellar medium, or pulsar velocities in the case of pulsar wind nebulae. In older remnants, asymmetric pulsar wind nebulae can result from asymmetric reverse shock flows and/or pulsar velocities.
Caspase-1-mediated cytokine release from gestational tissues, placental, and cord blood

Distinguishing between fetal and maternal inflammatory responses is necessary for understanding the immune interplay either side of the placenta. Fetal immunity reaches maturity during extrauterine life and while basic inflammatory responses afford a certain degree of protection, fetuses are vulnerable to infection. With the discovery of inflammasomes—intracellular scaffolds that facilitate the elaboration of reactions resulting in the release of mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β)—it is necessary to consider how inflammatory stimuli are processed. The purinergic P2X7 receptor located on haematopoietic cells is a key intermediary in signal transduction initiated at Toll-like receptors (TLR) terminating in release of the mature IL-1β product. We demonstrate herein that IL-1β release from fetal membranes and mononuclear cells isolated from cord, placental, and maternal blood, obtained at term, is P2X7- and caspase-1 dependent. The P2X7-dependent release of the cytokine, which was highest from choriodecidua, was attenuated by progesterone (P4), prolactin and an NFkB inhibitor. The NLRP3 inflammasome appears necessary for the processing of IL-1β in gestational tissues and leukocytes.
Deletion of Cellular Prion Protein Results in Reduced Akt Activation, Enhanced Postischemic Caspase-3 Activation, and Exacerbation of Ischemic Brain Injury

Background and Purpose— The physiological function of cellular prion protein (PrPc) is not yet understood. Recent findings suggest that PrPc may have neuroprotective properties, and its absence increases susceptibility to neuronal injury. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of PrPc in ischemic brain injury in vivo. Methods— PrP knockout (Prnp0/0) and Prnp+/+ wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to 60-minute transient or permanent focal cerebral ischemia followed by infarct volume analysis 24 hours after lesion. To identify effects of PrPc deletion on mechanisms regulating ischemic cell death, expression analysis of several proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins was performed at 6 and 24 hours after transient ischemia and in nonischemic controls using Western blot or immunohistochemistry. Results— Prnp0/0 mice displayed significantly increased infarct volumes after both transient or permanent ischemia when compared with WT animals (70.2±23 versus 13.3±4 mm3; 119.8±24 versus 86.4±25 mm3). Expression of phospho-Akt (Ser473) was significantly reduced in Prnp0/0 compared with WT animals both early after ischemia and in sham controls. Furthermore, postischemic caspase-3 activation was significantly enhanced in the basal ganglia and the parietal cortex of Prnp0/0 mice. In contrast, expression of total Akt, Bax, and Bcl-2 did not differ between both groups. Conclusions— These results demonstrate that PrPc deletion impairs the antiapoptotic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway by resulting in reduced postischemic phospho-Akt expression, followed by enhanced postischemic caspase-3 activation, and aggravated neuronal injury after transient and permanent cerebral ischemia.
Imprinting-Deprinting-Reimprinting: A Process Theory of Intergenerational Learning and Spin-Off Entry

New entrants very often spin out from established firms and because they set on a course at founding, their learning and capabilities become inextricably linked to their organizational and technological heritage. But while this heritage may provide an initial advantage, it can also generate inertia and resistance to change, unless the new company is able to unlearn some practices from the parent company and learn something new in order to establish its own sources of competitive uniqueness. This tension between inherited path and new trajectory, imprinted past and search for newness is the object of this paper. Building on an in depth case study of Acorn Computers and ARM semiconductors we show that while there are strong influences from the parent company on the spinoff, these imprinted organizational effects can be overridden. We use the term deprinting to stress the reversible nature of this process in contrast with the irreversibility embodied by the classic imprinting notion. This is followed by a phase of intense learning efforts whereby the spinoff establishes its competitive identity based on a blending of retained routines, repeated improvisation and feedbacks from the market. We refer to this process with the term reimprinting, to emphasize the metamorphosis experienced by the spinoff as it sets on a new distinctive trajectory.
Diagnostic potential of serum proteomic patterns in prostate cancer.

PURPOSE The serum prostate specific antigen test has been widely used in the last decade as an effective screening tool for prostate cancer (CaP). However, the high false-positive rate of the serum prostate specific antigen test necessitates the development of more accurate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CaP. Promising diagnostic potential of serum protein patterns detected by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry for CaP has recently been reported. Independent evaluation of this new technology is warranted to realize its translational utility. We determined whether serum protein profiling by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and a decision tree algorithm classification system could accurately discriminate between patients with CaP and unaffected individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proteomic spectra of crude serum were generated using the Ciphergen ProteinChip System and pattern detection was performed using Biomarker Patterns Software (Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc., Fremont, California). A total of 106 patients with CaP and 56 controls were randomly allocated to a training set and a test set. The training set, which consisted of 44 patients with cancer and 30 controls, was used to build a decision tree algorithm. The test set, which consisted of 62 patients with cancer and 26 controls, was used in blinded fashion to validate the decision tree. RESULTS Accuracy of classification using the test set was 67% and 42% for the weak cation exchange array and the copper metal affinity capture array, respectively. Combined spectral data from the weak cation exchange and copper metal affinity capture arrays generated an algorithm that achieved 85% sensitivity and 85% specificity for the detection of CaP. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings support recent observations that complex protein profiles have promising potential for the early detection of CaP and warrant future studies with streamlined technology. Furthermore, the combined effect of using 2 array types can greatly enhance the ability of protein profile patterns, suggesting the potential usefulness of alternative approaches to evaluate this new emerging technology.
An Improved SMOTE Imbalanced Data Classification Method Based on Support Degree

Imbalanced data-set Classification has become a hotspot problem in Data Mining. The essential assumption of the traditional classification algorithms is that the distribution of the classes is balanced, therefore the algorithms used in Imbalanced data-set Classification cannot achieve an ideal effect. In view of imbalance date-set classification, we propose an over sampling method based on support degree in order to guide people to select minority class samples and generate new minority class samples. In the light of support degree, it is now possible to identify minority class boundary samples, then produce a number of new samples between the boundary samples and their neighbors, finally add the synthetic samples to the original data-set to participate in training and testing. Experimental results show that the method has an obvious advantage in dealing with imbalanced data-set.
The Circle of Friends for Children with Tourette Syndrome

This paper focuses on the need of an inclusive form of social aid for children with Tourette Syndrome because the current forms of social skills aid only include children with TS and not those without TS. The most common form of social aid available to children with TS presently include summer camps that teach the campers proper social conduct and social skills; however, the campers all have Tourette Syndrome, which is not beneficial for mainstream inclusion. Since the current forms only incorporate those with Tourette Syndrome, they are less effective since it is not replicable of a mainstream school situation. Due to this discovery, I decided to look at the relationship between TS and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to determine if established methods of social aid for children with ASD, known as the Circle of Friends process (CoF), will effectively work for those with TS. In addition to accessing the similarities between TS and ASD, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of the Circle of Friends process to determine if it is a purposeful social skills aid for children in general.
Coordinated trajectory tracking for a group of mixed wheeled mobile robots

Coordination between a specific mobile robot types has been widely investigated, e.g coordination between unicycles. To extend the applicability of the system, coordinated trajectory tracking of mixed type of mobile robots is considered. We extend and prove the concept that if a certain type of wheeled mobile robot is able to individually track its own references, then coordination in tracking with other type of robots can be achieved simply by sharing individual tracking errors. Using two type of wheeled mobile robots namely unicycle type (a nonholonomic mobile robot) and omni wheels type (a holonomic mobile robot), a coordinated control algorithm can achieve a global asymptotically stable condition of the error dynamics of the systems. Although communication between robots has to be done bidirectionally, the overall group is able to maintain individual tracking while coordinating the movements with other robots regardless the occurring perturbations in the system. Simulation results suggest that information sharing between the robots increase the robustness in coordinating individual trajectories.
In Vitro Ability of the Group B Streptococci to Inhibit Gram-Positive and Gram-Variable Constituents of the Bacterial Flora of the Female Genital Tract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the ability of septicemic and nonsepticemic isolates of group B streptococci (GBS) to inhibit in vitro the principal bacterial groups found in the normal bacterial flora of the female genital tract. Methods: The target groups were composed of 1) 10 strains each of the following: viridans streptococci, nonhemolytic streptococci (not group B or D), group A streptococci, GBS, peptostreptococci, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and Gardnerella vaginalis; 2) 9 strains of enterococci; 3) 9 strains of group C or G streptococci; 4) 7 strains of lactobacilli; and 5) 7 strains of diphtheroids. All target groups were tested for inhibition by a test panel of either a group of 10 or 41 GBS isolates. If the GBS isolates failed to inhibit a target group, that group was tested for its ability to inhibit the GBS test panel. Results: The GBS test panel did not inhibit the growth of coagulase-negative staphylococci or S. aureus but uniformly inhibited groups A, B, C, and G streptococci, lactobacilli, and G. vaginalis. One of the 7 strains of diphtheroids was inhibited by 37 of the 41 GBS isolates; the other 6 strains of diphtheroids were uniformly inhibited. Variable inhibition by GBS was observed with viridans streptococci, nonhemolytic (not group B or D) streptococci, peptostreptococci, and enterococci; however, inhibition or noninhibition was uniform for a given target strain against the entire GBS test panel. The 23 GBS isolates obtained from septicemic neonates or adults did not differ from the 18 nonsepticemic isolates in their ability to inhibit other species of streptococci or other gram-positive or gram-variable constituents of the bacterial flora of the female genital tract. When converse testing was done, all 10 GBS isolates were uniformly inhibited by coagulase-negative staphylococci and by the majority of enterococci, but were not inhibited by S. aureus. Conclusions: These studies suggest that GBS may be significant regulators of other β-hemolytic streptococci, diphtheroids, lactobacilli, and G. vaginalis within the bacterial flora of the female genital tract. Moreover, the absence of GBS in the vaginal flora may be the result of mediation by coagulase-negative staphylococci and selected strains of enterococci.
An exploratory study on the attitudes of elderly Finns towards Russian-speaking minorities

ABSTRACT Research has shown Russian speakers in Finland are often victims of prejudice and discrimination. Utilizing integrated threat theory, this study investigated the extent to which threats are significant predictors of prejudice towards Russian speakers in Finland among a highly neglected research population – the elderly. This study also aimed at finding out which threat (realistic threat, symbolic threat, and negative stereotyping) was the most significant predictor of attitudes towards members of the Russian-speaking minority, and the extent to which men and women differed. In a sample of 90 participants, aged 65 and above, results indicated realistic threat and symbolic threat were not significant predictors of prejudicial attitudes towards members of the Russian-speaking community. Negative stereotyping however had a negative effect on prejudice. Moreover, contrary to previous research on prejudice, there were no significant differences between men and women on threat.
Finite Difference Model to Study the Effects of Na + Influx on Cytosolic Ca 2 + Diffusion

2+ concentration in neurons is necessary for signal transduction. There are several parameters that affect its concentration profile like leaks, pumps, sources etc. Models and studies done so far have not included the effect of sodium influx on Ca 2+ concentration which is a very important parameter needed to be taken into account in order to have a more realistic model. In this paper, we have incorporated the effect of Na + influx on [Ca 2+ ] profile. Interdependence of all the important parameters like Na + , diffusion coefficient, time, and influx over [Ca 2+ ] profile is studied. A program has been developed using finite difference technique for the entire problem and simulated on an AMD-Turion 64X2 machine to compute the numerical results.
TEACHERS ’ BELIEFS AND AFFECT

Be careful how you interpret the world: It is like that. A colleague once complained to me that after his daughter had successfully completed her last required mathematics course from a highly regarded university , she reported to him that as a result of that course she hated mathematics. My colleague was particularly upset because his daughter had enjoyed mathematics up to that point, and he was worried that the negative effects of her last mathematics class might linger long into her future. For many students studying mathematics in school, the beliefs or feelings that they carry away about the subject are at least as important as the knowledge they learn of the subject. A 2005 Associated Press poll (AP–AOL News, 2005) showed that nearly 40% of the adults surveyed said that they had hated mathematics in school, and although those polled also acknowledged hating other subjects, twice as many people said that they hated mathematics as said that about any other subject. While students are learning mathematics, they are also learning lessons about what mathematics is, what value it has, how it is learned, who should learn it, and what engagement in mathematical reasoning entails. To understand students' experiences with school mathematics, one must understand a central factor in their experience: mathematics teachers. Two decades have passed since Lee Shulman (1986) rejected George Bernard Shaw's infamous statement " He who can, does. He who cannot, teaches " as overly simplis-tic because it was not reflective of the highly specialized knowledge required of teachers. He introduced the now famous term pedagogical content knowledge to refer to the complex knowledge that lies at the intersection of content and pedagogy and that teachers must possess to make the curriculum accessible to their students. Shulman ended his landmark article by suggesting that a more apropos saying would be " Those who can, do. Those who understand, teach " (p. 14). Researchers studying teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and affect related to mathematics teaching and learning are still trying to tease out the relationships among these constructs and to determine how teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and affect relate to their instruction. The focus of this chapter is a consideration of what researchers have to say about teachers' beliefs and affect. A saying by Heller, " Be careful how you interpret the world: It is like that, " indicates that the way one makes sense of his or …
Heat Shock Protein 90 of Bonamia ostreae: Characterization and Possible Correlation with Infection of the Flat Oyster, Ostrea edulis

In this study, we described the cytosolic HSP90 of Bonamia ostreae, an intracellular parasite of Ostrea edulis hemocytes. The complete open reading frame was assembled by Rapid Amplification cDNA Ends reactions on cDNA of B. ostreae‐infected hemocytes. HSP90 amplification was corroborated in infected oysters and B. ostreae purified cells. The functionality of the HSP90, studied by inhibitory assays with radicicol, suggests that this protein may play a role in hemocyte invasion. Our results inform the molecular basis that governs B. ostreae–O. edulis interactions.
Using High-Throughput Phenotyping to Explore Growth Responses to Mycorrhizal Fungi and Zinc in Three Plant Species

There are many reported benefits to plants of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), including positive plant biomass responses; however, AMF can also induce biomass depressions in plants, and this response receives little attention in the literature. High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) technology permits repeated measures of an individual plant's aboveground biomass. We examined the effect on AMF inoculation on the shoot biomass of three contrasting plant species: a vegetable crop (tomato), a cereal crop (barley), and a pasture legume (Medicago). We also considered the interaction of mycorrhizal growth responses with plant-available soil zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) concentrations. The appearance of a depression in shoot biomass due to inoculation with AMF occurred at different times for each plant species; depressions appeared earliest in tomato, then Medicago, and then barley. The usually positive-responding Medicago plants were not responsive at the high level of soil available P used. Mycorrhizal growth responsiveness in all three species was also highly interactive with soil Zn supply; tomato growth responded negatively to AMF inoculation in all soil Zn treatments except the toxic soil Zn treatment, where it responded positively. Our results illustrate how context-dependent mycorrhizal growth responses are and the value of HTP approaches to exploring the complexity of mycorrhizal responses.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Is Produced by Dying Retinal Neurons and Is Required for Müller Glia Proliferation during Zebrafish Retinal Regeneration

Intense light exposure causes photoreceptor apoptosis in dark-adapted adult albino zebrafish (Danio rerio). Subsequently, Müller glia increase expression of the Achaete-scute complex-like 1a (Ascl1a) and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) transcription factors and re-enter the cell cycle to yield undifferentiated neuronal progenitors that continue to proliferate, migrate to the outer nuclear layer, and differentiate into photoreceptors. A proteomic analysis of light-damaged retinal homogenates, which induced Müller glia proliferation when injected into an undamaged eye, revealed increased expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) signaling proteins relative to undamaged retinal homogenates. TNFα expression initially increased in apoptotic photoreceptors and later in Müller glia. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of TNFα expression before light damage diminished the expression of both Ascl1a and Stat3 in Müller glia and significantly reduced the number of proliferating Müller glia without affecting photoreceptor cell death. Knockdown of TNFα expression in the Müller glia resulted in fewer proliferating Müller glia, suggesting that Müller glial-derived TNFα recruited additional Müller glia to re-enter the cell cycle. While TNFα is required for increased Ascl1a and Stat3 expression, Ascl1a and Stat3 are both necessary for TNFα expression in Müller glia. Apoptotic inner retinal neurons, resulting from intravitreal injection of ouabain, also exhibited increased TNFα expression that was required for Müller glia proliferation. Thus, TNFα is the first molecule identified that is produced by dying retinal neurons and is necessary to induce Müller glia to proliferate in the zebrafish retinal regeneration response.