Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of episodes with extremely low ozone values in the northern middle latitudes 1957?2000

Abstract. A number of episodes are observed when the total ozone for 2 to 3 days has fallen below 220 matm-cm in the northern mid- and polar latitudes in autumn. The occurrences of such episodes represent ozone deviations of about one-third from the pre-1976 Oct-Nov-Dec monthly mean! By using primarily quality checked Dobson data, a clear identification was made of more than three dozen short spells with extremely low ozone in the 1957–1978 period. In the following twenty-two years (1979–2000), using mainly TOMS data, one can identify ~ 46 cases with ozone values falling below 220 matm-cm for longer than 1 day, with each time over an area greater than 500,000 km 2 . The Ozone Mass Deficiency (O 3 MD) from the pre-1976 average ozone values over the affected area was ~2.8 Mt per day, i.e. four to seven times greater than it would be, assuming only a long-term trend in the Oct-Nov-Dec period. The Extremely Low Ozone (ELO 3 ) events on the day of their appearance over the N. Atlantic/European region contribute to the O 3 MD by representing 16% of the deficiency due to the Oct-Nov trend in the entire 40–65° N latitudinal belt. The O 3 MD of the greater pool with low ozone (here taken as 3 events cause a significant deficiency above the tropopause where, in general, the subtropical air is injected. In fact, the overall amount of ozone is not depleted, but redistributed on the hemispheric scale. Review of low ozone events, defined as days with negative deviations from the pre-1976 averages greater than 25% show, in general, similar origin. The seasonally averaged area with ELO 3 and the associated O 3 MD, as well as for the cases with deviations > –25%, has increased during the 1990s, which could be an indication of stronger and/or more frequent subtropical air intrusions. Their occurrences could contribute noticeably to the ozone deficiency of the middle latitude ozone during the days of ELO 3 appearances; however, their contribution to the long-term trend of the ozone seasonal decline is of the order of ~10%. Key words. Atmospheric composition and structure (middle atmosphere - composition and chemistry) Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics)
Segmenting the UK Mobile Fashion Consumer

As mobile apparel retail websites and apps grow in popularity, insight into the psychology and behaviours of shoppers using these mobile interfaces has become more important. Although Android operated mobile devices dominate the market, the current study of fashion consumers’ opinions shows that, in terms of fashion shopping via mobile devices, Apple’s iOS is leading. The data show that mostly females aged 18 to 34 years old purchase clothing via smart phones, and consumers using iOS smart phones purchase more clothing via mobile than Android OS. Over 60% of respondents prefer to use websites on their mobile devices despite the wide range of mobile apps available. 70% of respondents think that ’website and products do not display properly on the small screen’. This is the first study focusing on critical issues of fashion m-retail’s environment based on mobile fashion consumers’ behaviour and shopping experience. Five mobile fashion consumer types - self-confident addicted shoppers, time-conscious consumers, followers, bargain hunters and style-conscious connected browsers - were identified. Appropriate marketing strategies can be developed, guided by the specific mobile fashion consumer type’s shopping journey, and apparel retailers can better define their target consumers and more effectively tailor mobile interfaces to meet customer needs.
Antinociceptive Properties of Morusin, a Prenylflavonoid Isolated from Morus nigra Root Bark

Abstract The antinociceptive effects of morusin (1), the main prenylflavonoid present in the Morns nigra root barks have been investigated in classical models of pain in mice. The results showed that 1 exhibits a prom ising antinociceptive or analgesic profile by the intraperitoneal route, being more potent than some standard drugs used as reference. The mechanism by which the morusin exerts antinociceptive activity still remains undetermined, but our results strongly suggest that it involves the participation of the opioid system.
Hypotriglyceridemic effect of Morus alba L., Moraceae, leaves in hyperlipidemic rats

Mulberry Morus alba L. , Moraceae, leaves are used in Brazil medicines against fever, to protect the liver, to lower the blood pressure and cholesterol. The aqueous extract of leaves of M. alba given by oral route to hyperlipidemic rats with diet enriched by cholesterol (1% by weight) with dose of 150 mg/kg/day for forteen days reduced significantly by 55,01% the plasma triglycerides level. Therefore, the treatment not only decreased the plasma level of triglycerides but also affected a hepatic enzyme tested supportting the fact that the extracts of Morus alba that have been used by folk medicine have a great potential to be further developed into a phytomedicine.
On shape, orientation, and structure of atmospheric cells inside wind rolls in two SAR images

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the sea surface often show roll-vortex structures and other features which, in general, are spread out over several length scales and may present spatial periodicity as well as intermittence. Standard techniques, such as two-dimensional (2-D) Fourier analysis, are unsuitable both when it is of interest to detect intermittent phenomena and to analyze the spatial disposition of the backscatter structures inside the SAR images. For the above reasons, the 2-D continuous wavelet transform analysis has been applied to two European Remote Sensing mission SAR images over the Mediterranean Sea, showing wind rolls and atmospheric gravity waves. Through the evaluation of the wavelet variance map, which ideally corresponds to the 2-D Fourier spectrum, it has been possible to assess the presence of two main energy areas at large (from 7-28 km) and small (from 0.5-2 km) spatial scales. While the large-scale fluctuations may be ascribed to atmospheric gravity waves and other features induced by the surroundings, the small-scale fluctuations reveal the inner structure of the atmospheric wind rolls. The SAR-like maps, obtained by adding the wavelet coefficient maps pertaining to the small scales, have permitted us to highlight the high- and low-intensity backscatter cells associated with the wind rolls. These cells have been statistically characterized by means of the frequency distributions of the size of the cells maximum and minimum axes, of the orientation of the maximum axis, and of their area. The results indicate that high- and low-intensity backscatter cells have similar characteristics in both cases studied: they appear of elliptic shape, with the major axis along the wind roll direction; the average axes ratio is 2.5:1. The frequency distributions of the cell area indicate a continuous distribution of sizes, without significant gaps.
Duration of anesthesia and venous thromboembolism after hip and knee arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether longer duration of anesthesia predisposes patients undergoing orthopedic surgery to venous thromboembolism (VTE). PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of a retrospective case-control study that examined risk factors for postoperative VTE in postmenopausal women. We matched women aged 50 years and older with radiographically confirmed postoperative VTE (cases) by age, surgeon, year of surgery, and surgical joint (knee vs hip) with women without postoperative VTE (controls). Duration of anesthesia, operative variables, demographic data, comorbid illnesses, and laboratory data were determined by medical record review. RESULTS Eighty-eight cases were matched with 181 controls. Duration of anesthesia of 3.5 hours or longer (corresponding to the upper tertile of patients) was strongly associated with postoperative VTE compared with a shorter duration of anesthesia (odds ratio, 3.58; 95% confidence Interval, 2.11-6.16; P < .001). This relationship was maintained after controlling for multiple covariates with propensity score methods, Including type of arthroplasty, route of anesthesia, type of antithrombotic prophylaxis, and surgical approach. In multivariate analysis, the Important predictors of VTE included anesthesia duration of 3.5 hours or longer, type of antithrombotic prophylaxis, revision (vs primary) arthroplasty, and allogeneic blood transfusion. CONCLUSION We found a marked association between the duration of anesthesia and postoperative VTE in patients undergoing Joint arthroplasty. Although it is possible that unmeasured intraoperative variables account for this relationship, we suggest that duration of anesthesia may be an important risk factor for postoperative VTE after orthopedic surgery.
Differential entropy and time

We give a detailed analysis of the Gibbs-type entropy notion and its dynamical behavior in case of time-dependent continuous probability distributions of varied origins: related to classical and quantum systems. The purpose-dependent usage of conditional Kullback-Leibler and Gibbs (Shannon) entropies is explained in case of non-equilibrium Smoluchowski processes. A very different temporal behavior of Gibbs and Kullback entropies is confronted. A specific conceptual niche is addressed, where quantum von Neumann, classical Kullback-Leibler and Gibbs entropies can be consistently introduced as information measures for the same physical system. If the dynamics of probability densities is driven by the Schrodinger picture wave-packet evolution, Gibbs-type and related Fisher information functionals appear to quantify nontrivial power transfer processes in the mean. This observation is found to extend to classical dissipative processes and supports the view that the Shannon entropy dynamics provides an insight into physically relevant non-equilibrium phenomena, which are inaccessible in terms of the Kullback-Leibler entropy and typically ignored in the literature.
High rate of genetic rearrangement during replication of a Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vector

A protocol was designed to measure the forward mutation rate over an entire gene replicated as part of a Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vector. For these studies, the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene under the control of the spleen necrosis virus U3 promoter was used as target sequence since it allows selection for either the functional or the inactivated gene. Our results indicate that after one round of retroviral replication, the tk gene is inactivated at an average rate of 0.08 per cycle of replication. Southern blotting revealed that the majority of the mutant proviruses resulted from gross rearrangements and that deletions of spleen necrosis virus and tk sequences were the most frequent cause of the gene inactivation. Sequence analysis of the mutant proviruses suggested that homologous as well as nonhomologous recombination was involved in the observed rearrangements. Some mutations consisted of simple deletions, and others consisted of deletions combined with insertions. The frequency at which these mutations occurred during one cycle of retroviral replication provides evidence indicating that Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vectors may undergo genetic rearrangement at high rates. The high rate of rearrangement and its relevance for retrovirus-mediated gene transfer are discussed.
CONSTRUCTIVISM VERSUS OBJECTIVISM: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERACTION, COURSE DESIGN, AND EVALUATION IN DISTANCE EDUCATION.

This paper discusses the basic philosophical assumptions of objectivism and constructivism and their implications for course design, interaction, and evaluation in distance education. First, I provide a brief overview of the construct of interaction as it is used in the field of distance education. Second, I address the major philosophical ideas of objectivism and constructivism as they relate to education. Third, I discuss how curriculum designers from each paradigm design a distance education course. Finally, I compare and contrast the two approaches to distance education course design and provide suggestions for practitioners.
Incidence of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in India: Is there a role of isoniazid preventive therapy?

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the role of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children in India. Materials and Methods: Factors associated with the development of tuberculosis (TB) in 81 HIV-infected children were analyzed. Results: The mean age of presentation was 6.36 ± 3.67 years. According to the CDC classification, 4.9% of patients were in Class N, 11.1% were in Class A, 56.8% were in Class B, and 27.2% were in Class C at presentation. TB at presentation was more common in children in CDC Class B and C (P = 0.026). Gender, CD4 count, TB contact, prior TB, and ART status did not have any effect on the development of TB. Children up to 3 years of age developed TB after 6.23 ± 14.07 months after presentation, those between 3 and 6 years developed TB after 14.6 ± 23.27 months, those between 6 and 9 years developed TB after 6.54 ± 21.23 months, those between 9 and 12 years developed TB 40.2 ± 35.98 months after presentation (P = 0.042). Eight patients (16.7%) had multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB and 1 patient (2.08%) had extensively drug-resistant TB. Conclusion: Younger children are more likely to develop TB within a year of presentation whereas those who were near the adolescent age group were more likely to develop TB after 3 years of diagnosis of HIV. Thus, role of IPT in adolescents for 3 years at the time of diagnosis may not be useful as they tend to develop TB later on whereas IPT may be useful in the younger age group. With high incidence of MDR-TB, role of IPT in HIV-infected children in India needs to be re-assessed.
Recall and Recognition Measures of Paired Associate Learning in Healthy Aging

ABSTRACT Associate-recognition has received little attention as a potential clinical tool for detecting early Alzheimer's disease (AD). As an important preliminary stage to investigating the paradigm's diagnostic utility, we designed and administered a verbal associate-recognition task to healthy elderly participants (n = 62) and compared their performance to that on traditional cued-recall PAL. In both test conditions, the stimulus list comprised of a mixture of highly imageable and less imageable word pairs. Overall, performance on the associate-recognition task was superior to that on the cued-recall analogue. This ‘recognition advantage’ was not attributable to the higher baseline or chance guessing rate in the associate-recognition condition, as the size of the recognition advantage varied across learning trials and stimulus imageability. In comparison to performance on the imageable stimuli, performance on the less imageable stimuli was poor in both associate-recognition and cued-recall conditions. Across the delay, performances were more likely to drop in the cued-recall condition than the associate-recognition condition. These results suggest that verbal associate-recognition may be clinically efficacious and better tolerated in elderly populations than traditional cued-recall paradigms. Although these results are encouraging, further research is required to examine the utility of associate-recognition in clinical populations, particularly early AD.
Infrared spectroscopy of cataclysmic variables — III. Dwarf novae below the period gap and nova-like variables

We present K-band spectra of the short-period dwarf novae YZ Cnc, LY Hya, BK Lyn, T Leo, SW UMa and WZ Sge, the nova-like variables DW UMa, V1315 Aql, RW Tri, VY Scl, UU Aqr and GP Com, and a series of field dwarf stars with spectral types ranging from K2 to M6. The spectra of the dwarf novae are dominated by emission lines of H i and He i. The large velocity and equivalent widths of these lines, in conjunction with the fact that the lines are double-peaked in the highest inclination systems, indicate an accretion disc origin. In the case of YZ Cnc and T Leo, for which we obtained time-resolved data covering a complete orbital cycle, the emission lines show modulations in their equivalent widths that are most probably associated with the bright spot (the region where the gas stream collides with the accretion disc). There are no clear detections of the secondary star in any of the dwarf novae below the period gap, yielding upper limits of 10–30 per cent for the contribution of the secondary star to the observed K-band flux. In conjunction with the K-band magnitudes of the dwarf novae, we use the derived secondary star contributions to calculate lower limits to the distances to these systems. The spectra of the nova-like variables are dominated by broad, single-peaked emission lines of H i and He i– even the eclipsing systems we observed do not show the double-peaked profiles predicted by standard accretion disc theory. With the exception of RW Tri, which exhibits Na i, Ca i and 12CO absorption features consistent with a M0V secondary contributing 65 per cent of the observed K-band flux, we find no evidence for the secondary star in any of the nova-like variables. The implications of this result are discussed.
Modelling the Performance of Upper Room Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Devices in Ventilated Rooms: Comparison of Analytical and CFD Methods

Models to evaluate upper room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) devices can be used to improve the understanding of the behaviour of UV devices in ventilated rooms and so enable more confident predictions to be made of their performance. This paper presents two- and three-zone mixing models for investigating the effect of upper room UVGI devices in a typical ventilated room. The results from these analytical models are compared to a CFD simulation of the same room that incorporates the biological inactivation of micro-organisms in the presence of an ultraviolet field. The study demonstrates that analytical mixing models give reasonably good average zone concentrations and are therefore useful in estimating overall performance. However, the CFD simulations are necessary to fully examine the interaction of the room airflow with the inactivation of micro-organisms due to the UV field.
The Development of a Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairments Seminar for Occupational Therapy Practitioners

Occupational therapy practitioners are qualified to address the emergence of functional deficits from cancerrelated cognitive impairments (CRCI); however, they have reported a need to address gaps in their knowledge of CRCI. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively design, disseminate and examine the impact of implementing a face-to-face continuing education seminar designed to enhance occupational therapy practitioners’ knowledge of CRCI in adults and older adults. After completing a needs assessment and designing the seminar, the seminar was piloted with occupational therapy students (n = 64) where student feedback guided modifications to the seminar’s content, design and evaluation. The final CRCI seminar was presented at 15 facilities throughout the continuum of care with 130 occupational therapy practitioners. Participants’ CRCI knowledge increased significantly after the seminar (Z = -9.623, p performance (96%, n = 123) and perceived patient outcomes (94%, n = 119) in the future. The seminar was both an effective method for increasing practitioners’ short-term CRCI knowledge and a well-received method of dissemination.
How new is the Lachman test?

more common during the last decade. This situation is partly because of the rising rate of ACL injury as the result of increased athletic activity, and partly because of the improved diagnosis of ACL injuries. Among the noninvasive clinical diagnostic tests available to us, the Lachman test has proven to be the most reliable. Who, one may wonder, is Lachman? John W. Lachman, MD (Fig. 1), was Chairman and Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from 1956 to 1989 (Lachman J, personal communication). He had observed early on that some patients with ACL tears have a passive anterior subluxation of the tibia in relation to the femur when they are in the supine position. Eventually, he found that ACL instability could be demonstrated quite easily by applying stress to the extended knee joint and that this method was more effective than using the conventional anterior drawer test. 11 Joseph S. Torg, MD, finished his surgical training in Dr. Lachman’s department in 1968 and stayed on at Temple University. He first reported on &dquo;The Lachman Test,&dquo; which he named in honor of his mentor, at the annual meeting of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine in 1976 in New Orleans. Subsequently, Dr. Torg and colleagues published a paper in The American Journal of Sports Medicine12 documenting the validity of the Lachman test. Dr. Lachman himself has never claimed to be the originator of this widely used test. A review of the world literature reveals some interesting facts. In 1960, an American, Colonel S. J. Ritchey, had described this same ACL test in considerable detail: &dquo;. To test the anterior cruciate, the knee is extended in a comfortable position. The index finger is placed in the small triangle formed by the curved femoral condyle and straight tibial plateau medially. The palm of this same hand stabilizes the femur while the second hand
Effects of Hyperthermia on Erythrocyte Parameters of Carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) from Bardaca Swamp, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Thermal changes in water cause many metabolic changes that manifest themselves in physiological fish adaptations. The analysis of hematologic and biochemical blood parameters provides important information on environmental influences on the health status of fish. The hematocrit (HCT) (l/l), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) (g/l), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (fl), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (pg), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (g/l) and red blood cells (RBC) (x1012/L) were analyzed. Animals were grouped into two groups: control (n=10) and experimental (n=16). The experimental fish were exposed to 28°C for 30 min. Puncture of the heart was done and the blood without anticoagulant was analyzed. During hyperthermia, an increase in hematological parameters was observed, except for MCV values that were low. Significant differences were established only for the number of erythrocytes and the hematocrit values (p<0.05). The results showed a decrease in MCV and an increase in the value of other erythrocyte parameters. Significant changes in the number of erythrocyte and hematocrit values were found. Some hematological parameters such as erythrocyte and MCV values are significant stress indicators and can serve us as important factors for physiological adaptations of fish. The carp shows excellent ability to adjust to temperature variations that can be seen through the analysis of hematological status.
Arithmetic coding for joint source-channel coding

This paper presents a joint source-channel coding technique involving arithmetic coding. The work is based on an existing maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation approach in which a forbidden symbol is introduced into the arithmetic coder to improve error-correction performance. Three improvements to the system are presented: the placement of the forbidden symbol is modified to decrease the delay from the introduction of an error to the detection of the error; the arithmetic decoder is modified for quicker detection by the introduction of a look-ahead technique; and the calculation of the MAP metric is modified for faster error detection. Experimental results show an improvement of up to 0.4 dB for soft decoding and 0.6 dB for hard decoding.