Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards ontology-driven situation-aware disaster management

Over the last years, numerous ICT applications with mechanisms to detect situations have been developed to support disaster management (DM), which is a field of a great societal and economic importance. Those applications are termed situation-aware (SA) because they try, in near real-time, to perceive and comprehend a situation of some type (e.g. disease epidemics) and project a reaction to the detected situation (e.g. isolate diseased people). An obstacle to the modelling of SA applications is the lack of well-founded structural and temporal constructs, which is inherent to conventional design techniques. Ontology-driven conceptual modelling has been successfully applied to overcome this issue, where ontological analysis based on a foundational ontology supports the modelling of concepts within a specific field as a well-founded core ontology. In this paper we discuss the importance of a well-founded core ontology for DM to support the specification of SA applications. We give an overview of the comprehensive framework we are developing, in which the DM core ontology plays a prominent role in the development of SA applications. In particular, we discuss the challenge of harmonizing concepts related to the modelling of situations in a foundational ontology in the lights of the Barwisean situation theory, Situoid theory and Situation awareness theory. This challenge has to be addressed to properly support SA applications in DM.
Numerical calculation of soil pipe flow and its effect on water dynamics in a slope

A chain of connected macropores, which develops nearly parallel to the impermeable subsurface layer, is commonly found in hillslopes and referred to as a soil pipe. Field observations have revealed that water flow in such a pipe (pipe flow) has large hydrogeomorphic effects, since it contributes to rapid transfer of storm water and subsurface soil erosion. This study proposed a simple simulation method to describe water dynamics in a piped hillslope. The applicability of the method was examined using data obtained from a bench‐scale experiment using pseudo soil pipes. Results of the experiment showed that (1) the flume‐bed pore water pressure became small around the upper ends of the pipes; (2) when pipe outlets were connected to a stream channel (the open pipe condition), the flume‐bed pore water pressures in the whole slope were much lower than those under the ‘no pipe’ condition; (3) when pipe outlets were not connected to a stream channel (the closed pipe condition), the flume‐bed pore water pressure at the pipe outlets was higher than that under the ‘no pipe’ condition. These results were reproduced by solving the two‐dimensional Richards equation assuming an equivalent soil matrix layer for the original ‘pipes plus soil matrix’ part, which had a larger saturated hydraulic conductivity than the surrounding soil matrix. This simple simulation method has an advantage over previous pipe flow models: both the pipe flow and the interaction between the soil pipes and the surrounding soil matrix can be computed by solving the Richards equation without using any further assumptions for the boundary conditions between the soil pipes and the soil matrix. Results of numerical experiments using the simple method showed that (1) under the closed pipe condition, the flume‐bed pore water pressure at the pipe outlets increased as the pipe length increased, and (2) once the open pipes clogged, flume‐bed pore water pressures in the whole slope increased, and the greatest increase occurred at the boundary between the clogging and non‐clogging parts. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diurnal variation, vertical distribution and source apportionment of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Chiang-Mai, Thailand.

Diurnal variation of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated by collecting PM10 at three different sampling altitudes using high buildings in the city center of Chiang-Mai, Thailand, during the relatively cold period in late February 2008. At site-1 (12 m above ground level), B[a]P concentrations ranged from 30.3 -1,673 pg m-3 with an average of 506±477 pg m-3, contributing on average, 8.09±8.69% to ? PAHs. Ind and B[b]F concentrations varied from 54.6 to 4,579 pg m-3 and from 80.7 to 2,292 pg m-3 with the highest average of 1,187±1,058 pg m-3 and 963±656 pg m-3, contributing on average, 19.0±19.3% and 15.4±12.0% to ? PAHs, respectively. Morning maxima were predominantly detected in all observatory sites, which can be described by typical diurnal variations of traffic flow in Chiang-Mai City, showing a morning peak between 6 AM. and 9 AM. Despite the fact that most monitoring sites might be subjected to specific-site impacts, it could be seen that PAH profiles in Site-1 and Site-2 were astonishingly homogeneous. The lack of differences suggests that the source signatures of several PAHs become less distinct possibly due to the impacts of traffic and cooking emissions from ground level.
Association of markers of systemic inflammation, C reactive protein, serum amyloid A, and fibrinogen, with socioeconomic status

Study objective: Systemic inflammation may play an important part in the development of cardiovascular disease. It has also been shown that socioeconomic status predicts cardiovascular events independently of established risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyse the association of three sensitive markers of systemic inflammation: C reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A protein (SAA), and fibrinogen, with socioeconomic status. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Eastern and southern Finland. Participants: 1503 men aged 45 to 74 years who participated in a cardiovascular risk factor survey in 1997. Based on the levels of education and family income, the men were classified to three socioeconomic groups. Main results: Mean concentrations of CRP (p for the trend <0.001), SAA (p for the trend 0.018), and fibrinogen (p for the trend <0.001) decreased substantially with increasing socioeconomic status. The trends in CRP and fibrinogen remained statistically significant after adjustment for smoking, waist to hip ratio, and prevalent longstanding diseases, and a non-significant trend was found for SAA (p for the trend 0.118). The inverse association between inflammation markers and socioeconomic status was particularly strong among the men below 60 years of age. Conclusions: Systemic inflammation is a potential mediator, especially among young and middle aged men, for the association between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular disease.
Parallel functional programming at two levels of abstraction

The parallel functional language Eden extends Haskell with expressions to define and instantiate process systems. These extensions allow also the easy definition of skeletons as higherorder functions. P arallel programming is possible in Eden at two levels: Recursive programming and higher-order programming. At the lower level, processes are explicitly created by using recursive definitions. In this way, skeletons can be defined. This is very un usual, as most skeleton-based languages use an imperative language to create new skeletons. At the higher level, available sk eletons are used to create applications or to define new skeletons on top of the other ones. In this paper, we present five skeletons, most of them wellkno wn, covering a wide range of parallel structures. F or each one, sev eral Eden implementations are given, together with their corresponding cost models. Finally, some examples of application programming are shown, including predicted and actual results on a Beowulf cluster.
‘A chronic disease is a disease which keeps coming back … it is like the flu’: chronic disease risk perception and explanatory models among French- and Swahili-speaking African migrants

Background. African migrants to the West are at increased risk of hypertensive related diseases and certain cancers compared with other ethnic groups. Little is known about their awareness of this risk or knowledge of associated risk factors. Objectives. To explore African migrants' perceptions of chronic disease risk, risk factors and underlying explanatory models. Design. In-depth interviews with 19 Africans from French- or Swahili-speaking countries living in Glasgow were conducted. Interviews were transcribed and 10 translated (3 Swahili and 7 French). Analysis was informed by a grounded theory approach. Results. Narratives suggested low awareness of chronic disease risk among participants. Africans reported a positive outlook on life that discouraged thought about future sickness. Infectious diseases were considered the dominant health threat for African migrants, mainly HIV but also TB and ‘flu’. Chronic diseases were sometimes described as contagious. Explanatory models of chronic disease included bodily/dietary imbalance, stress/exertion, heredity/predisposition and food contamination. Cancer was feared but not considered a major threat. Cancer was considered more common in Europe than Africa and attributed to chemical contamination from fertilisers, food preservatives and industrial pollution. Evidence cited for these chemicals was rapid livestock/vegetable production, large size of livestock (e.g., fish), softness of meat and flavourless food. Chemicals were reported to circulate silently inside the body and cancer to form in the part where they deposit, sometimes years later. Cardiovascular diseases were described in terms of acute symptoms that required short-term medication. Confidentiality concerns were reported to prevent discussion of chronic disease between Africans. Conclusion. This study suggests a need to improve chronic disease health literacy among African migrants to promote engagement with preventive behaviours. This should build on not only participants' existing knowledge of disease causation and risk factors but also their self-reliance in the pursuit of a healthy lifestyle and desire to retain cultural knowledge and practice.
The use of gis to study the spatial variation of diseases: a case of western region, Ghana

The ability to formulate disease control programmes and put strategic action plans into practice has become an important issue for Regional Health Directorates in Ghana. An important factor in disease control programmes is to correlate variations in different communities with environmental factors using spatially reliable data. To achieve this, spatial distribution maps for predominant diseases such as malaria, skin infection, Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI), asthma and diarrhea for the year 2005 were created. In this study, a database of disease statistics and the geographical information representing the boundaries as well as the centre of the administrative units of the Western Region of Ghana were built using cartographic and GIS techniques – choropleth mapping to examine the spatial distribution of the selected diseases. The results show that there is a strong correlation between mining activities and the prevalence of diseases under study in the Western Region.
Fodrin in Centrosomes: Implication of a Role of Fodrin in the Transport of Gamma-Tubulin Complex in Brain

Gamma-tubulin is the major protein involved in the nucleation of microtubules from centrosomes in eukaryotic cells. It is present in both cytoplasm and centrosome. However, before centrosome maturation prior to mitosis, gamma-tubulin concentration increases dramatically in the centrosome, the mechanism of which is not known. Earlier it was reported that cytoplasmic gamma-tubulin complex isolated from goat brain contains non-erythroid spectrin/fodrin. The major role of erythroid spectrin is to help in the membrane organisation and integrity. However, fodrin or non-erythroid spectrin has a distinct pattern of localisation in brain cells and evidently some special functions over its erythroid counterpart. In this study, we show that fodrin and γ-tubulin are present together in both the cytoplasm and centrosomes in all brain cells except differentiated neurons and astrocytes. Immunoprecipitation studies in purified centrosomes from brain tissue and brain cell lines confirm that fodrin and γ-tubulin interact with each other in centrosomes. Fodrin dissociates from centrosome just after the onset of mitosis, when the concentration of γ-tubulin attains a maximum at centrosomes. Further it is observed that the interaction between fodrin and γ-tubulin in the centrosome is dependent on actin as depolymerisation of microfilaments stops fodrin localization. Image analysis revealed that γ-tubulin concentration also decreased drastically in the centrosome under this condition. This indicates towards a role of fodrin as a regulatory transporter of γ-tubulin to the centrosomes for normal progression of mitosis.
Hydrogeological engineering approaches to investigate and characterize heterogeneous aquifers

OF DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Engineering The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico December, 2009 Hydrogeological Engineering Approaches to Investigate and Characterize Heterogeneous Aquifers by Dylan Robert Harp A.A. S. , Forestry Technology, Southeastern Illinois College, 1994 B.S., Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, 2004 M.S., Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, 2005 Ph.D., Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, 2009 Abstract This dissertation presents a compilation of five stand-alone manuscripts (Chapters 2 through 5 and Appendix A). Chapters 2 through 5 present hydrogeological analysis approaches, while Appendix A is utilized within the dissertation introduction as an example of a non-physically based modeling approach, albeit demonstrated on a non-hydrogeologically based application. Chapter 2 presents an inverse approach to decompose pumping influences from water-level fluctuations observed at a monitoring location. Chapter 3 presents an inferencing approach to identify effective aquifer properties at the interwell scale that can be applied to highly transient datasets. Chapter 4 introduces the use of a Markov-chain model of spatial correlation to an automated geostatistical inverse framework, demonstrating the approach on a 2D two-stratigraphic-unit synthetic aquifer. Chapter 5 utilizes the inverse frameworkThis dissertation presents a compilation of five stand-alone manuscripts (Chapters 2 through 5 and Appendix A). Chapters 2 through 5 present hydrogeological analysis approaches, while Appendix A is utilized within the dissertation introduction as an example of a non-physically based modeling approach, albeit demonstrated on a non-hydrogeologically based application. Chapter 2 presents an inverse approach to decompose pumping influences from water-level fluctuations observed at a monitoring location. Chapter 3 presents an inferencing approach to identify effective aquifer properties at the interwell scale that can be applied to highly transient datasets. Chapter 4 introduces the use of a Markov-chain model of spatial correlation to an automated geostatistical inverse framework, demonstrating the approach on a 2D two-stratigraphic-unit synthetic aquifer. Chapter 5 utilizes the inverse framework
Continuum Modeling of Engineering Constants of Oriented Strandboard

A two-dimensional model to predict engineering constants of oriented strandboard (OSB) was developed using a continuum theory. The orthotropic flake properties, flake alignment distribution, and panel shelling ratio (as measured by flake weight ratio, FWR, between face layer and entire board) for three-layer OSB were considered in the model. The two-term cosine probability density function (PDF) provided an effective way to describe flake alignment distributions for both single and three-layer OSB based on flake angle measurements from the panel top surface. The parameters that define the PDF varied with percent alignment (PA) and FWR. The continuum model, combined with flake alignment PDFs, predicted general trends of changes in OSB's engineering constants including Young's moduli, shear modulus, Poisson ratio, and linear expansion (LE) coefficients. The predicted values Young's moduli and LE along the two major directions compared well with experimental data for selected board structures. The three-dimensional mesh plots on various properties allow examining the trend of change of each property as a function of PA and FWR, which can be used to optimize OSB's engineering performance. The continuum model provides a comprehensive analytical solution for the prediction of two-dimensional engineering constants of OSB, which is the basis for future modeling on OSB's void structure.
The cost-effectiveness of screening for latent tuberculosis infection.

Modelling A decision model was used to estimate the outcomes of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs for the screening versus no screening strategies. The outcomes were estimated for a hypothetical cohort of 35-year old patients with a high prevalence of LTBI, who were not at increased risk of active TB disease if infected. A Markov model was also developed to trace the health profile of this hypothetical cohort over a 20-year period.
Estimation of Aboveground Biomass Carbon Stock Using Landsat TM and Ratio Images - $k$NN algorithm and Regression Model Priority

Global warming causes the climate change and makes severe damage to ecosystem and civilization Carbon dioxide greatly contributes to global warming, thus many studies have been conducted to estimate the forest biomass carbon stock as an important carbon storage. However, more studies are required for the selection and use of technique and remotely sensed data suitable for the carbon stock estimation in Korea In this study, the aboveground forest biomass carbon stocks of Danyang-Gun in South Korea was estimated using NN(-Nearest Neighbor) algorithm and regression model, then the results were compared. The Landsat TM and 5th NFI(National Forest Inventory) data were prepared, and ratio images, which are effective in topographic effect correction and distinction of forest biomass, were also used. Consequently, it was found that NN algorithm was better than regression model to estimate the forest carbon stocks in Danyang-Gun, and there was no significant improvement in terms of accuracy for the use of ratio images.
A crustal-scale cross-section through the Tauern Window (eastern Alps) from geophysical and geological data

Abstract A restorable geological cross-section through the entire crust of the Tauern Window is presented. It is drawn from surface geology and seismic data of the TRANSALP vibroseis section using balancing software. The architecture of the window is characterized by three horses in a large duplex structure and folded granitic sills. The duplex was later uplifted along two large faults at its northern rim. The first is a blind fault along the deep-reaching sub-Tauern ramp with a displacement of 17 km. The tip of the hanging wall block wedged underneath the Austroalpine and Penninic nappes and caused a triangle structure. This led to backthrusting and backfolding within the marginal rocks of the window. At the second one, the Tauern North Boundary Fault occurred in our retrodeformation, a throw of c. 3 km. A total shortening of the crust or parts of the crust of c. 60 km in north–south direction led to uplift of the Tauern Window.
A 6.67mW sparse coding ASIC enabling on-chip learning and inference

A sparse coding ASIC is designed to learn visual receptive fields and infer the sparse representation of images for encoding, feature detection and recognition. 256 leaky integrate-and-fire neurons are connected in a 2-layer network of 2D local grids linked in a 4-stage systolic ring to reduce the communication latency. Spike collisions are kept sparse enough to be tolerated to save power. Memory is divided into a core section to support inference, and an auxiliary section that is only powered on for learning. An approximate learning tracks only significant neuron activities to save memory and power. The 3.06mm2 65nm CMOS ASIC achieves an inference throughput of 1.24Gpixel/s at 1.0V and 310MHz, and on-chip learning can be completed in seconds. Memory supply voltage can be reduced to 440mV to exploit the soft algorithm that tolerates errors, reducing the inference power to 6.67mW for a 140Mpixel/s throughput at 35MHz.
Fluctuations of the mutual information in large distributed antenna systems with colored noise

This paper studies the fluctuations of the mutual information of a class of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels with arbitrary correlated noise in the large system limit. We provide a deterministic approximation of the ergodic mutual information, which is asymptotically accurate as the number of antennas grows, and study its fluctuations around this value under the form of a central limit theorem (CLT). This result can be used to predict the outage capacity for slow fading channels. The channel model considered in this contribution has a particular application in the context of distributed antenna or network MIMO systems where the path loss between any pair of transmit and receive antennas has a different value. As shown by simulations, the approximations are very accurate for channels of small dimensions.
Seasonal variation of leaf chlorophyll content of a temperate forest. Inversion of the PROSPECT model

This paper presents part of a 7-month field and laboratory experiment over the deciduous forest of Fontainebleau. Leaf visible and near infrared optical properties of three tree species (oak, beech and hornbeam) were measured each month between April and October 1996. We distinguished the cases of sun and shade leaves, and also abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces. Spectra were analyzed with reference to leaf chlorophyll content and leaf mass per area. As expected, we observed strong variations of leaf optical properties during the season, with differences between sun and shade leaves and abaxial and adaxial surfaces. We also investigated how leaf reflectance and transmittance can provide realistic information about the seasonal variation of leaf chlorophyll content. For that, we used a leaf optical properties model: the PROSPECT model. Inversion of this model with leaf spectra led to the seasonal variation of leaf chlorophyll concentration (mugcm2) we compared with ground measurements. The analysis of spect.
Effect of Fringing Capacitances on the RF Performance of GaN HEMTs With T-Gates

The effects of fringing capacitances on the high-frequency performance of T-gate GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are investigated. Delay time components have been analyzed for gate-recessed InAlN/GaN HEMTs with a total gate length of 40 nm and fT/fmax of 225/250 GHz. It is found that the gate extrinsic capacitance contributes significantly to the parasitic delay-approximately 50% of the total delay in these highly scaled devices. The gate extrinsic capacitance comprises two components: 1) parallel plate capacitances between the T-gate and the surrounding electrodes and 2) the fringing capacitance between the gate stem and the access regions. Detailed study of the gate electrostatics reveals that the later, the fringing capacitance between the T-gate stem and the device access region, ultimately determines the lower limit of the extrinsic capacitance Cext; this minimum Cext can be realized experimentally using a large gate stem height and employing low- k passivation dielectric. Since the corresponding parasitic delay can be expressed as Cext/gm,int, this paper also highlights the importance of maximizing gm,int in ultrascaled HEMTs by adopting strategies to enhance carrier velocity.