Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Form Factors of the Gauge-Invariant Three-Gluon Vertex

The gauge-invariant three-gluon vertex obtained from the pinch technique is characterized by thirteen nonzero form factors, which are given in complete generality for unbroken gauge theory at one loop. The results are given in d dimensions using both dimensional regularization and dimensional reduction, including the effects of massless gluons and arbitrary representations of massive gauge bosons, fermions, and scalars. We find interesting relations between the functional forms of the contributions from gluons, quarks, and scalars. These relations hold only for the gauge-invariant pinch technique vertex and are d-dimensional incarnations of supersymmetric nonrenormalization theorems which include finite terms. The form factors are shown to simplify for N = 1, 2, and 4 supersymmetry in various dimensions. In four-dimensional non-supersymmetric theories, eight of the form factors have the same functional form for massless gluons, quarks, and scalars, when written in a physically motivated tensor basis. For QCD, these include the tree-level tensor structure which has prefactor {beta}{sub 0} = (11N{sub c}-2N{sub f})/3, another tensor with prefactor 4N{sub c} - N{sub f}, and six tensors with N{sub c} - N{sub f}. In perturbative calculations our results lead naturally to an effective coupling for the three-gluon vertex, {tilde {alpha}}(k{sub 1}{sup 2}, k{sub 2}{sup 2},more » k{sub 3}{sup 2}), which depends on three momenta and gives rise to an effective scale Q{sub eff}{sup 2} (k{sub 1}{sup 2}, k{sub 2}{sup 2}, k{sub 3}{sup 2}) which governs the behavior of the vertex. The effects of nonzero internal masses M are important and have a complicated threshold and pseudo-threshold structure. A three-scale effective number of flavors N{sub F}(k{sub 1}{sup 2}/M{sup 2}, k{sub 2}{sup 2}/M{sup 2}, k{sub 3}{sup 2}/M{sup 2}) is defined. The results of this paper are an important part of a gauge-invariant dressed skeleton expansion and a related multi-scale analytic renormalization scheme. In this approach the scale ambiguity problem is resolved since physical kinematic invariants determine the arguments of the couplings. « less
Mentalizing Makes Parenting Work: A Review about Parental Reflective Functioning and Clinical Interventions to Improve It

In the last decade several studies have investigated the role of parental reflective functioning (RF), defined as the parental ability to understand his/her child’s mental states, on the child’s development. Herein, a narrative review on parental RF is presented aimed at (1) presenting an overview of the existing empirical studies, (2) pinpointing unrequited questions, and (3) identifying future research directions. Specifically, the current review focused on (a) the impact of parental RF on the quality of caregiving and the child’s attachment security, (b) the effect of parental RF on the child’s emotion regulation and the child’s RF, (c) maternal RF in women with a history of neglect and abuse, (d) the efficacy of mentalization-based clinical interventions, and (e) the recently developed Parental Reflective Questionnaire. The following terms “maternal RF,” “paternal RF,” “parental RF,” “parental mentalization,” “maternal mentalization,” and “paternal mentalization” were searched in titles, abstracts, and main texts using Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Next, a search in Mendeley was also conducted. Inclusion criteria comprised original articles if they refer to the RF Scale (Fonagy et al., 1998) and were published in an English language, peer-reviewed journal before July, 2016. According to exclusion criteria, dissertations, qualitative or theoretical papers, and chapters in books were not taken into account. The review includes 47 studies that, taken together, supported the notion that higher parental RF was associated with adequate caregiving and the child’s attachment security, whereas low maternal RF was found in mothers whose children suffered from anxiety disorders, impairment in emotion regulation, and externalizing behaviors. In addition, higher parental RF was associated with better mentalizing abilities in children. However, unexpected findings have emerged from the most recent randomized controlled trials that tested the efficacy of mentalization-based interventions in high risk samples of mothers, raising questions about the suitability of the verbal measures in capturing the mentalizing processes at the root of the parental capacity to be adequately responsive to the child’s emotional needs.
Plural-Marking Strategies in Äiwoo

Abstract:This paper describes the range of strategies found in Äiwoo (a language of the Temotu subgroup of Oceanic) to mark a noun as having plural reference. Äiwoo lacks an inflectional plural, and most of the strategies typically used in Oceanic languages to indicate plurality, such as articles, reduplication, and number distinctions in demonstratives, are not found in the language. Nevertheless, Äiwoo shows a large number of strategies for marking plurality on nouns. The paper describes these strategies and their affinities with other structural aspects of the language, such as verbal pronominal marking and bound noun roots, and argues that several of their properties appear unusual both from a comparative Oceanic and a general typological perspective. Thus, it expands our understanding of what plural marking in Oceanic languages may look like, as well as adding to the typological picture of plural marking as a linguistic category and of the grammaticalization pathways through which plural forms can arise.
Projections from the Rat Prefrontal Cortex to the Ventral Tegmental Area: Target Specificity in the Synaptic Associations with Mesoaccumbens and Mesocortical Neurons

Excitatory projections from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) play an important role in regulating the activity of VTA neurons and the extracellular levels of dopamine (DA) within forebrain regions. Previous investigations have demonstrated that PFC terminals synapse on the dendrites of DA and non-DA neurons in the VTA. However, the projection targets of these cells are not known. To address whether PFC afferents innervate different populations of VTA neurons that project to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) or to the PFC, a triple labeling method was used that combined peroxidase markers for anterograde and retrograde tract-tracing with pre-embedding immunogold–silver labeling for either tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or GABA. Within the VTA, PFC terminals formed asymmetric synapses onto dendritic shafts that were immunoreactive for either TH or GABA. PFC terminals also synapsed on VTA dendrites that were retrogradely labeled from the NAc or the PFC. Dendrites retrogradely labeled from the NAc and postsynaptic to PFC afferents were sometimes immunoreactive for GABA but were never TH-labeled. Conversely, dendrites retrogradely labeled from the PFC and postsynaptic to PFC afferents were sometimes immunoreactive for TH but were never GABA-labeled. These results provide the first demonstration of PFC afferents synapsing on identified cell populations in the VTA and indicate a considerable degree of specificity in the targets of the PFC projection. The unexpected finding of selective PFC synaptic input to GABA-containing mesoaccumbens neurons and DA-containing mesocortical neurons suggests novel mechanisms through which the PFC can influence the activity of ascending DA and GABA projections.
Techniques for Auditing the ICT Carbon Footprint of an Organisation

This article has presents an extensive survey of the state of the art in Green IT/S. The findings of the survey suggest that there is scope for a reliable carbon footprint auditing tool for organisational ICT usage. A prototype auditing tool is developed and a trial audit carried out and evaluated. Conclusions include the need for automation of the audit, the need for consistent management of hardware within organisations, and the need to present carbon footprint data in a format that respects the privacy of the individual user, but allows meaningful conclusions to be drawn.
The dynamic ocean acidification manipulation experimental system: Separating carbonate variables and simulating natural variability in laboratory flow‐through experiments

Carbonate chemistry variables such as PCO2, pH, and mineral saturation state (Ω) are commonly thought of as covarying in open‐ocean settings but have decoupled over geologic time‐scales and among modern dynamic coastal margins and estuaries. Predicting responses of vulnerable coastal organisms to past, present, and future ocean acidification (OA) scenarios requires the empirical identification of organismal sensitivity thresholds to individual carbonate chemistry parameters. Conversely, most OA experiments involve chemistry manipulations that result in covariance of carbonate system variables. We developed the Dynamic Ocean Acidification Manipulation Experimental System (DOAMES)—a feed‐forward, flow‐through carbonate chemistry control system capable of decoupling PCO2, pH, or Ω by independently manipulating total alkalinity (TAlk) and total inorganic carbon (TCO2). DOAMES proof‐of‐concept can manipulate source seawater with stable or variable carbonate chemistry and produce experimental treatments with constant and dynamic carbonate chemistry regimes. The combination of dynamic input and output allows for offset treatments that impose a ΔPCO2 on naturally variable conditions. After overcoming several operational challenges, DOAMES is capable of simultaneously generating three different experimental treatments within 1% ± 1% of TCO2 and TAlk targets. The achieved precision and accuracy resulted in the successful decoupling of pH and ΩAr in five trials. We tested the viability of sensitive bivalve embryos raised in DOAMES‐manipulated seawater and found no difference in development when compared to the control, demonstrating DOAMES suitability for organismal studies. DOAMES provides a novel tool to evaluate organismal effects of exposure to decoupled carbonate system variables and to past, current, and future carbonate chemistry scenarios.
Why Loops Don't Matter

In a series of papers we have found identical behaviour for various spin models on thin random graphs - Feynman diagrams - and the corresponding Bethe lattices. In this note we observe that in all cases the ratios of various saddle point equations in the random graph approach are identical in form to the fixed point(s) of the recursion relations which are used to solve the models on the Bethe lattice. The loops in the random graphs thus have no influence in the thermodynamic limit for such ferromagnetic spin models. We consider the correspondence explicitly for Ising and q state Potts models and also note that multi spin interaction models on cacti admit a similar correspondence with a randomised version of the cacti graphs which contain loops.
Growth hormone affects both adiposity and voluntary food intake in old and obese female rats.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the promotion of breakdown of body fat and the increased energy expenditure associated with growth hormone (GH) affect the voluntary food intake of an obese organism. DESIGN Wistar rats (15 months old) were first fed either a high-fat (HF) or a low-fat (LF) diet for 10 weeks. In the subsequent treatment period, two saline groups continued with either the HF or the LF diet, and rats of three other groups had their diet shifted from HF to LF and were treated with saline, human GH (hGH) or rat GH (rGH). hGH and rGH were given in a dose of 4 mg/kg per day. After 21 days of treatment and registration of food intake, rats were killed, blood was collected and tissues were excised. RESULTS The HF diet produced a significant (P<0.05) increase in weight of fat pads compared with the LF diet: 69+/-5 g compared with 48+/-2 g. The switch from HF to LF diet combined with injections of saline alone decreased the intake of metabolizable energy, but fat pad weight did not decrease significantly (69+/-5 g compared with 63+/-6 g). The latter value was significantly (P<0.05) decreased (to 37+/-3 g) in groups treated with either hGH or rGH. Both GH treatments increased serum IGF-I and muscle weight, whereas the activity of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase decreased significantly (P<0.01). During the first 9 days of treatment, food intake was significantly (P<0.01) depressed, from 27+/-1 g/kg per day in control rats to 14+/-2 and 16+/-4 g/kg per day in the hGH and rGH groups respectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that breakdown of adipose tissue and a transient decrease in voluntary food intake are parallel consequences of GH treatment in old and obese rats, and that the actions of hGH and rGH are very similar.
Prolonged inhibition of 5-HT3 receptors by palonosetron results from surface receptor inhibition rather than inducing receptor internalization

The 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist palonosetron is an important treatment for emesis and nausea during cancer therapy. Its clinical efficacy may result from its unique binding and clearance characteristics and receptor down‐regulation mechanisms. We investigated the mechanisms by which palonosetron exerts its long‐term inhibition of 5‐HT3 receptors for a better understanding of its clinical efficacy.
Psoralea corylifolia L. Seed Extract Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Mice by Inhibition of Oxidative Stress

Pancreatic beta-cell death is known to be the cause of deficient insulin production in diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of beta-cell death. In this study, we investigated the effects of Psoralea corylifolia L. seed (PCS) extract on beta-cell death. Oral administration of PCS extract resulted in a significant improvement of hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. PCS extract treatment improved glucose tolerance and increased serum insulin levels. To study the mechanisms involved, we investigated the effects of PCS extract on H2O2-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells. Treatment with PCS extract inhibited cell death. PCS extract treatment decreased reactive oxygen species level and activated antioxidative enzymes. Among the major components of PCS extract, psoralen and isopsoralen (coumarins), but not bakuchiol, showed preventive effects against H2O2-induced beta-cell death. These findings indicate that PCS extract may be a potential pharmacological agent to protect against pancreatic beta-cell damage caused by oxidative stress associated with diabetes.
Application of a Diffuser Structure to Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines

The effects of using a wind acceleration device (wind lens) with vertical-axis wind turbines in wind tunnel experiments were examined. A wind lens consists of a diffuser and flanges, and this study investigated the optimum parameters of their configuration with regard to the power augmentation of the turbines. The wind lens with a flat-panel-type diffuser demonstrated power augmentation by a factor of 2.0 compared with an open wind turbine. An increase from 5° to 20° in the semi-open angle of the diffuser made it possible to generate a 30% high power output over a wide range of tip speed ratios. On that basis, an optimum semi-open angle was determined. For the flat-panel-type diffuser, a recommended diffuser length is the half of the throat width, and its semi-open angle is 20°. The inlet enhanced power augmentation over a wide range of tip speed ratios. The optimum location for the wind lens in the streamwise direction was aligned with the center of the vertical-axis wind turbines. The diffuser with a curved surface was more effective regarding power augmentation than flat-panel-type diffusers. The wind lens with a curved surface diffuser demonstrated power augmentation by a factor of about 2.1 compared with an open wind turbine. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a two-bladed wind turbine with symmetric NACA0024-type airfoils was most suitable for the incorporation of a wind lens to generate higher power output.
Location, location, location

Metastatic cell heterogeneity presents a significant obstacle to the development of targeted molecular and immunotherapeutics. Profiling of melanocyte differentiation antigens has revealed a nonstochastic, site-specific pattern of expression in metastases that was highest in brain, intermediate in soft tissues/lymph nodes, and lowest in visceral sites. Site-specific antigen heterogeneity, thus, is an important confounding factor to consider when assessing the potential efficacy of antigen-specific therapies.
Neurite Outgrowth of Mature Retinal Ganglion Cells and PC12 Cells Requires Activity of CK1δ and CK1ε

Mature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) do not normally regenerate severed axons after optic nerve injury and show only little neurite outgrowth in culture. However, RGCs can be transformed into an active regenerative state after lens injury (LI) enabling these neurons to regrow axons in vitro and in vivo. In the current study we investigated the role of CK1δ and CK1ε activity in neurite outgrowth of LI stimulated RGCs and nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulated PC12 cells, respectively. In both cell types CK1δ and ε were localized in granular particles aligned at microtubules in neurites and growth cones. Although LI treatment did not measurably affect the expression of CK1δ and ε, it significantly elevated the specific kinase activity in the retina. Similarly, CK1δ/ε specific kinase activity was also elevated in NGF treated PC12 cells compared with untreated controls. Neurite extension in PC12 cells was associated with a change in the activity of CK1δ C-terminal targeting kinases, suggesting that activity of these kinases might be necessary for neurite outgrowth. Pharmacological inactivation of CK1δ and ε markedly compromised neurite outgrowth of both, PC12 cells and LI stimulated RGCs in a concentration dependent manner. These data provide evidence for a so far unknown, but essential role of CK1 isoforms in neurite growth.
Quality of Service-Aware Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling for Embedded GPUs

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a key technique for reducing processor power consumption in mobile devices. In recent years, mobile system-on-chips (SoCs) has supported DVFS for embedded graphics processing units (GPUs) as the processing power of embedded GPUs has been increasing steadlily. The major challenge of applying DVFS to a processing unit is to meet the quality of service (QoS) requirement while achieving a reasonable power reduction. In the case of GPUs, the QoS requirement can be specified as the frame-per-second (FPS) which the target GPU should achieve. The proposed DVFS technique ensures a consistent GPU performance by scaling the operating clock frequency in a way that it maintains a uniform FPS.
The effects of a documentary film about schizophrenia on psychiatric stigma.

This study examined whether viewing a documentary that depicts individuals with schizophrenia can reduce psychiatric stigma. One hundred and sixty-three individuals were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: no documentary film, documentary about polar bears, documentary about fears of being overweight, and documentary about schizophrenia. Participants also completed a battery of tasks assessing attitudes toward persons with schizophrenia, attributions about the disorder, and intentions to interact with individuals with schizophrenia. The findings showed that compared to the other experimental conditions, the documentary about schizophrenia resulted in more benign attributions about schizophrenia (e.g., less likely to blame individuals with schizophrenia for the disorder) but did not change general attitudes about schizophrenia (e.g., perceived dangerousness). The film also did not increase participants' intentions to interact with persons with schizophrenia. These findings could not be attributed to mood changes associated with the film or how much participants liked the film. The findings provide partial support for the hypothesis that a media depiction of persons with schizophrenia can reduce stigma.
Does External Trade Promote Financial Development?

Several recent papers have argued that trade and financial development may be linked, either for political economy reasons, or because foreign competition and exposure to shocks lead to changes in the demand for external finance. In this paper we use the cross-country and time-series variation in openness to study the relationship between trade and finance in more detail. Our results suggest that increases in goods market openness are typically followed by sustained increases in financial depth.
ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Upregulate the Expression of 15-PGDH by Inhibiting miR-26 a and miR-26 b in Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cells

Running Title: ω-3 PUFAs up-regulate the expression of 15-PGDH in cholangiocarcinoma Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Yao et al ω-3 PUFAs up-regulate the expression of 15-PGDH by inhibiting miR-26a/b ABSTRACT Prostaglandins E 2 (PGE 2) is a pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic lipid mediator that promotes cholangiocarcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo. The NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) catalyzes the oxidation of the 15(S)-hydroxyl group of PGE 2 , leading to PGE 2 inactivation. Therefore, induction of 15-PGDH expression may represent a new strategy for the treatment of human cholangiocarcinoma. Here we report that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) up-regulate the expression of 15-PGDH by inhibiting miR26a and miR26b and these effects contribute to ω-3 PUFA-induced inhibition of cholangiocarcinoma growth. Treatment of human cholangiocarcinoma cells (CCLP1 and TFK-1) with ω-3 PUFA (DHA) or transfection of these cells with the Fat-1 gene (encoding Caenorhabditis elegans desaturase which converts ω-6 PUFA to ω-3 PUFA) significantly increased 15-PGDH protein level in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. On the other hand, DHA treatment or Fat-1 overexpression had little effect on 15-PGDH promoter activity. Human cholangiocarcinoma cells treated with DHA or transfected with Fat-1 expression vector showed reduction of miRNA26a and miRNA26b (both miRNAs target 15-PGDH mRNA thus inhibiting 15-PGDH translation). Consistent with these findings, we observed that overexpression of miR26a or miR26b decreased 15-PGDH protein, reversed ω-3 PUFA-induced accumulation of 15-PGDH protein, and prevented ω-3 PUFA-induced inhibition of cholangiocarcinoma cell growth. Knockdown of 15-PGDH also attenuated ω-3 PUFA-induced inhibition of tumor cell growth. We observed that ω-3 PUFA suppressed miRNA26a and miRNA26b by inhibiting c-myc, a transcription factor that co-regulates gene clusters comprising of miR-26a/b with their host genes CTDSPs. Accordingly, overexpression of c-myc enhanced the expression of miRNA26a/b and prevented ω-3 PUFA-induced inhibition of tumor cell growth. Taken together, our results provide novel evidence for induction of 15-PGDH via suppression of miR26a/b in human cholangiocarcinoma cells and suggest ω-3 PUFA as potential agent for the treatment of human cholangiocarcinoma. Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited.