Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes: How Millet Comes to Help

Diabetes has become a highly problematic and increasingly prevalent disease world-wide. It has contributed toward 1.5 million deaths in 2012. Management techniques for diabetes prevention in high-risk as well as in affected individuals, beside medication, are mainly through changes in lifestyle and dietary regulation. Particularly, diet can have a great influence on life quality for those that suffer from, as well as those at risk of, diabetes. As such, considerations on nutritional aspects are required to be made to include in dietary intervention. This review aims to give an overview on the general consensus of current dietary and nutritional recommendation for diabetics. In light of such recommendation, the use of plant breeding, conventional as well as more recently developed molecular marker-based breeding and biofortification, are discussed in designing crops with desired characteristics. While there are various recommendations available, dietary choices are restricted by availability due to geo-, political-, or economical- considerations. This particularly holds true for countries such as India, where 65 million people (up from 50 million in 2010) are currently diabetic and their numbers are rising at an alarming rate. Millets are one of the most abundant crops grown in India as well as in Africa, providing a staple food source for many poorest of the poor communities in these countries. The potentials of millets as a dietary component to combat the increasing prevalence of global diabetes are highlighted in this review.
`Seeing what is the kind thing to do: Perception and emotion in morality?

I argue that it is possible, in the right circumstances, to see what the kind thing is to do: in the right circumstances, we can, literally, see deontic facts, as well as facts about others' emotional states, and evaluative facts. In arguing for this, I will deploy a notion of non-inferential percep- tual belief or judgement according to which the belief or judgement is arrived at non-inferentially in the phenomenological sense (in the sense of involving no conscious reasoning on the subject's part) and yet is inferential in the epistemic sense (in the sense of being justifiable by the subject after the belief or judgement has been arrived at). The ability to arrive at these kinds of beliefs and judgements is part of virtue, and is also part of what it is to grasp thick ethical concepts in an engaged way. When we come to thinner evaluative and deontic facts and thinner ethical concepts, however, the requirements for non-inferential perceptual belief and judgement are less easily met. Seeing what is the kind thing to do is one matter; seeing what is the right thing to do is another.
Thyroglobulin measurement in fine-needle aspirates of lymph nodes in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a simple definition of the threshold value, with emphasis on potential pitfalls of the method

Abstract Background: Thyroglobulin measurements in fine-needle aspirate (FNA-Tg) is an accurate method for the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The goal of this study is to determine the most appropriate diagnostic threshold value for FNA-Tg. Methods: Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration-cytology (FNA-C) and FNA-Tg were performed on suspicious lymph nodes in 114 consecutive patients with thyroid cancer prior to thyroidectomy (n=13) or during follow-up (n=93), and in 16 control subjects. Functional sensitivity of the thyroglobulin assay was 0.7 ng/mL. Sensitivity and specificity of FNA-Tg and FNA-C were determined for different cut-off values within a range of 0.69–1.34 nanogram/punction (ng/p) using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: The FNA-Tg cut-off value of 0.93 ng/p offers the best diagnostic performances: 94.2% sensitivity, 97.8% specificity. FNA-C showed 100% specificity in diagnostic samples, but low sensitivity of 71% due primarily to inadequate samples. Combining FNA-C and FNA-Tg resulted in 98% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Conclusions: A unique threshold of 0.93 ng/p gives high sensitivity and specificity, even in non-thyroidectomized patients. However, since false negative results may be observed in poorly differentiated thyroid cancer, FNA-C should remain combined to FNA-Tg. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1171–7.
In vitro and in vivo comparisons of amphotericin B and N-D-ornithyl amphotericin B methyl ester

N-D-Ornithyl amphotericin B methyl ester (N-D-ornithyl AmE) has a lower toxicity for animals than does amphotericin B (AmB), and peak serum levels can be achieved that are fourfold higher than those obtained with an equivalent dose of AmB. However, N-D-ornithyl AmE has one-fourth the in vitro activity and between one-fifth and one-eighth the in vivo activity of AmB. N-D-ornithyl AmE and the corresponding lysyl derivative also lack the immunoadjuvant effects of AmB.
Detection of moving point symbols on cartographic backgrounds

The present paper presents the performance of an experimental cartographic study towards the examination of the minimum duration threshold required for the detection by the central vision of a moving point symbol on cartographic backgrounds. The examined threshold is investigated using backgrounds with discriminant levels of information. The experimental process is based on the collection (under free viewing conditions) and the analysis of eye movement recordings. The computation of fixation derived statistical metrics allows the calculation of the examined threshold as well as the study of the general visual reaction of map users. The critical duration threshold calculated within the present study corresponds to a time span around 400msec. The results of the analysis indicate meaningful evidences about these issues while the suggested approach can be applied towards the examination of perception thresholds related to changes occurred on dynamic stimuli.
Topic sentiment analysis in twitter: a graph-based hashtag sentiment classification approach

Twitter is one of the biggest platforms where massive instant messages (i.e. tweets) are published every day. Users tend to express their real feelings freely in Twitter, which makes it an ideal source for capturing the opinions towards various interesting topics, such as brands, products or celebrities, etc. Naturally, people may anticipate an approach to receiving the common sentiment tendency towards these topics directly rather than through reading the huge amount of tweets about them. On the other side, Hashtags, starting with a symbol "#" ahead of keywords or phrases, are widely used in tweets as coarse-grained topics. In this paper, instead of presenting the sentiment polarity of each tweet relevant to the topic, we focus our study on hashtag-level sentiment classification. This task aims to automatically generate the overall sentiment polarity for a given hashtag in a certain time period, which markedly differs from the conventional sentence-level and document-level sentiment analysis. Our investigation illustrates that three types of information is useful to address the task, including (1) sentiment polarity of tweets containing the hashtag; (2) hashtags co-occurrence relationship and (3) the literal meaning of hashtags. Consequently, in order to incorporate the first two types of information into a classification framework where hashtags can be classified collectively, we propose a novel graph model and investigate three approximate collective classification algorithms for inference. Going one step further, we show that the performance can be remarkably improved using an enhanced boosting classification setting in which we employ the literal meaning of hashtags as semi-supervised information. Experimental results on a real-life data set consisting of 29,195 tweets and 2,181 hashtags show the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithms.
Sleep Quality Moderates the Relation between Depression Symptoms and Problematic Cannabis Use among Medical Cannabis Users

Objectives: This study sought to extend research on the relation between depression symptoms and problematic cannabis use by evaluating the potential moderating role of perceived sleep quality among medical cannabis users. Methods: This employed a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 162 adults (mean age = 42.05 years, SD = 14.8; 22% female), with current recommendations from a doctor for medical cannabis, recruited from a medical cannabis dispensary. Results: Consistent with previous research, individuals with heightened depression symptoms had greater problematic cannabis use. In addition, perceived sleep quality moderated this relation, such that depression symptoms differentially related to problematic cannabis use as a function of perceived quality of sleep (ΔR2 = .03, p = .02). Participants with higher levels of depression and good perceived sleep quality had the greatest rates of problematic cannabis use. Conclusions: These results suggest that individuals with heightened depression may have higher rates of problematic cannabis use, in part, because of the beneficial effects of cannabis in terms of perceived sleep quality.
Deficits in hippocampal and anterior cingulate functioning during verbal declarative memory encoding in midlife major depression.

OBJECTIVE Prior studies showed that subjects with major depression have deficits in hippocampal-based verbal declarative memory (e.g., recall of a paragraph) and in hippocampal and prefrontal cortical functioning and structure. The purpose of the present study was to assess hippocampal and prefrontal functioning during performance of a verbal declarative memory task in subjects with midlife major depression. METHOD Subjects with midlife major depression (N=18) and healthy subjects (N=9) underwent positron emission tomography imaging during a control task and verbal encoding of a paragraph. RESULTS During the verbal memory encoding task the comparison subjects, but not the subjects with depression, activated the right hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (anterior cingulate), as well as the cuneus and cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with a failure of hippocampal and anterior cingulate activation in depression, and they support the hypothesis of deficits in hippocampal and anterior cingulate functioning in depression.
Collision count in rugby union: A comparison of micro-technology and video analysis methods

ABSTRACT The aim of our study was to determine if there is a role for manipulation of g force thresholds acquired via micro-technology for accurately detecting collisions in rugby union. In total, 36 players were recruited from an elite Guinness Pro12 rugby union team. Player movement profiles and collisions were acquired via individual global positioning system (GPS) micro-technology units. Players were assigned to a sub-category of positions in order to determine positional collision demands. The coding of collisions by micro-technology at g force thresholds between 2 and 5.5 g (0.5 g increments) was compared with collision coding by an expert video analyst using Bland–Altman assessments. The most appropriate g force threshold (smallest mean difference compared with video analyst coding) was lower for all forwards positions (2.5 g) than for all backs positions (3.5 g). The Bland–Altman 95% limits of agreement indicated that there may be a substantial over- or underestimation of collisions coded via GPS micro-technology when using expert video analyst coding as the reference comparator. The manipulation of the g force thresholds applied to data acquired by GPS micro-technology units based on incremental thresholds of 0.5 g does not provide a reliable tool for the accurate coding of collisions in rugby union. Future research should aim to investigate smaller g force threshold increments and determine the events that cause coding of false positives.
Tongue and Skin Hyperpigmentation During PEG-Interferon-α/Ribavirin Therapy in Dark-Skinned Non-Caucasian Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C

Various skin disorders may occur during antiviral therapy with interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) for chronic hepatitis C. This article describes to our knowledge the first report of lingual hyperpigmentation during pegylated (PEG)-IFN/RBV combination therapy in five dark-skinned hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. Lingual pigmentation during antiviral therapy was not associated with age, gender, HCV genotype, doses of RBV, or duration of the treatment or treatment outcome. Since IFN increases the expression of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) surface receptors, the use of PEG-IFN having a longer plasma half-life may even increase incidence for such cutaneous side effects particularly in dark-skinned HCV patients.
Evaluating Entity Linking: An Analysis of Current Benchmark Datasets and a Roadmap for Doing a Better Job

Entity linking has become a popular task in both natural language processing and semantic web communities. However, we find that the benchmark datasets for entity linking tasks do not accurately evaluate entity linking systems. In this paper, we aim to chart the strengths and weaknesses of current benchmark datasets and sketch a roadmap for the community to devise better benchmark datasets.
Perceived health status of Francophones and Anglophones in an officially bilingual Canadian province.

OBJECTIVE It has been reported that being part of a minority group may be negatively associated with self-perceived health. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether there are differences in perceived health between the Francophone minority and Anglophone majority in New Brunswick, the only officially bilingual province in Canada. METHODS Data from the first four primary cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (2001 to 2007) were obtained for 17,729 New Brunswick residents. Odds of reporting good health among Francophones and Anglophones were compared using multivariate logistic regressions accounting for age, health-related behaviours, socio-demographic variables, and medical conditions. RESULTS In the final models, Francophone men and women were less likely than Anglophones to report their health as being good, although these differences were not statistically significant (Odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.88, 0.61-1.26; 0.71, 0.49-1.04, in men and women, respectively). CONCLUSION This study suggests that being part of the linguistic minority in New Brunswick is not associated with statistically significant differences in self-perceived health.
Consequences of Son Preference in a Low-Fertility Society: Imbalance of the Sex Ratio at Birth in Korea

A CENTRAL CONCERN of demographers and population planners has been the impact on family size of parental preferences for the sex of their children, especially in patriarchal developing societies in Asia. If parents continued to bear children until they reached their desired sex combination of children or their desired number of sons, sex preference would be a major barrier to fertility reduction. Sheps (1963) has shown theoretically that the expected average family size would be 3.88 children if couples continued childbearing until two sons were born. In fact, abundant empirical evidence shows a close relationship between sex preference and fertility. ' In China and Korea (these designations refer to Mainland China and South Korea, respectively, throughout the article), fertility has recently declined precipitously to the replacement level or even below, in spite of their populations' strong adherence to son preference. In these countries, however, probably to accommodate both sex preference and a small-family norm, a new demographic phenomenon of a distorted sex ratio (number of males per 100 females) at birth is emerging at three levels: in the population at large, between families, and within families. At the population level, a rising trend has been recorded in the sex ratio. At the between-family level, large families have low sex ratios and small families high sex ratios. At the within-family level, a rapidly rising sex ratio is reported with rising birth order, and the sex ratio of last-born children is extremely high. In this article we present empirical evidence of these changes in the sex ratio at birth, focusing on Korea. Then we discuss possible demographic, social, health, and other implications of the changes. The principal means of altering the sex ratio at birth, also known as the secondary sex ratio, are
Dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. II. Plasma-flow dependence of GFR.

BRENNER, B.M. ,J.L. TROY, T.M. DAUGHARTY, W.M. DEEN, distance AND C. R. ROI~ERT~ON. Dynamics of glomerular ultrajltration in the a series rat. I. Plasma-flow dependence of GFR. Am. J. Physiol. 223(5) : 1184merular 1190. 1972. -Using servo-nulling transducers and microneuver 1 l 1 ’ . 1 1 l , 0.1 P 1 1. Y analytical pro tein assay metnoas in rats witn surrace glomerun, we measured glomerular capillary and proximal tubule hydrostatic pressures and estimated afferent and efferent arteriolar oncotic pressures during conditions deliberately designed to increase GFR (acute expansion of plasma and extracellular volume). Single-nephron (SN) GFR and initial glomerular capillary plasma flow (GPF) both increased approximately twofold. Net ultrafiltration pressure at the afferentmost point in the glomerulus was essentially the same prior to and following volume expansion. Similarly, filtration pressure equilibrium was achieved both prior to and following expansion. The roughly proportional changes in SNGFR and GPF provide evidence that glomerular ultrafiltration is a plasma-flow-dependent process. Under these conditions (filtration pressure equilibrium), SNGFR is determined entirely by GPF, transcapillary hydrostatic pressure difference, and initial capillary protein concentration. The possible physical mechanisms underlying the plasma-flow dependence of SNGFR have been examined using a recently developed model. along the glomerular capillary (8). We report here of measurements related to the dynamics of gloultrafiltration during one such experimental mathat of deliberately elevating GFR by means of acute expansion of plasma and extracellular volume. The results of these measurements provide evidence to indicate that glomerular ultrafiltration is a plasma-flow-dependent process. Using these measurements and the relationships derived from the mathematical model (8), it has been possible to examine the relative influences of several factors potentially responsible for this phenomenon of flow dependence.
Measurement Invariance of the Digital Natives Assessment Scale Across Gender in a Sample of Turkish University Students

With reference to the digital natives’ debate, there is a gap on digital natives’ characteristics. To fill this gap, the Digital Natives Assessment Scale was developed to measure students’ assessment of the degree to which they perceived themselves to possess the attributes of digital natives. The scale was developed within the Turkish language and requires further validation in cross-cultural adaptation processes. Moreover, to ensure scale validity, empirical investigation to test for invariance across different subgroups is required to engender confidence in the generalizability of the measure. This study aimed to provide initial validation of the Turkish Digital Natives Assessment Scale as a current measure for preservice teachers and to examine scale invariance across gender given that gender has been identified as an important contextual factor when studying digital natives’ characteristics and use of digital technology. Confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance analyses across gender for cross-validation were performed. The confirmatory factor analysis results showed that a four-factor structure was confirmed for female and male preservice teachers together and female and male preservice teachers separately. In relation to measurement invariance, the results of the current study indicated support for configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance by gender.
A 28-GHz SiGe BiCMOS PA With 32% Efficiency and 23-dBm Output Power

In this paper, we present a two-stage, four-way combined power amplifier (PA) operating in the 27–31-GHz frequency range in 180-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The output network of the PA employs spiral transformers and a microstrip T-combiner to realize low-loss two-way series, two-way parallel power combining. With the help of a lumped-element transformer model, we present a co-optimization technique for the transformer and the adjoining matching components to minimize the power loss of the full output network. The design methodology is applicable for realizing an arbitrary impedance at the device plane with a K-way series, M-way parallel combiner. The efficacy of this technique is demonstrated by the realization of a PA, which has 27.6-dB gain, 23.2-dBm, 1-dB compressed output power, 32.7% power-added efficiency (PAE) at 1-dB compression, and 15% PAE at 6-dB back off. Linearity measurements show less than 4° amplitude-modulation to phase-modulation distortion below 3-dB back off and less than −32-dBc intermodulation product at 6-dB back off.
A Parsimonious Method for Offline Freeway Travel Time Estimation From Sectional Speed Detectors

Online travel time estimation is receiving increasing attention. However, offline algorithms remain important, as databases of historical travel times are needed for many intelligent transportation systems applications. In this paper a parsimonious method is presented for estimating off-line travel times based on local speed measurements along a route with uninterrupted flow, for example, on motorways. The interpolation between the different detector locations is done by reconstructing trajectories based on traffic flow theoretical principles. The proposed method is efficient, easy to calibrate, and shows reliable results even when detector spacing is relatively high. The method is compared to other existing methods and validated on a 40-km highway.
Associations of Gestational Age and Intrauterine Growth With Systolic Blood Pressure in a Family-Based Study of 386 485 Men in 331 089 Families

Background— We conducted a family-based study to explore mechanisms underlying the associations of birth weight and gestational age with systolic blood pressure measured at 17 to 19 years of age. Methods and Results— A record linkage study of 386 485 singleton-born men from 331 089 families was undertaken. Birth weight was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure within siblings, with a mean difference (adjusted for age at examination, examination center, and year of examination) within siblings per 1-SD difference in birth weight of −0.21 mm Hg (95% CI, −0.33 to −0.08) and between nonsiblings of −0.12 (95% CI, −0.16 to −0.08). Gestational age was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure within siblings (−0.18 mm Hg; 95% CI, −0.25 to −0.11, per week of gestational age) and between nonsiblings (−0.26 mm Hg; 95% CI, −0.29 to −0.24). Adjustment for socioeconomic position and maternal characteristics did not alter these within- or between-family associations. Furthermore, the associations were not affected by adjustment for paternal height, body mass index, or systolic blood pressure. Conclusions— Our present findings suggest that the inverse associations of birth weight and gestational age with systolic blood pressure are not explained by confounding resulting from family socioeconomic position or other factors that are shared by siblings. Variations in maternal metabolic or vascular health during pregnancy or placental implantation and function may explain these associations.