Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relation of sex and estrogen therapy to serum fibroblast growth factor 23, serum phosphorus, and urine phosphorus: the Heart and Soul Study.

BACKGROUND Menopause is associated with urine phosphorus retention, which is mitigated by estrogen therapy. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a hormone originating from bone that regulates urine phosphorus excretion. Whether sex or estrogen therapy is associated with different FGF-23 levels is unknown. STUDY DESIGN & SETTING Cross-sectional study of ambulatory individuals with prevalent cardiovascular disease. PREDICTORS Sex and, in women, use or nonuse of estrogen. OUTCOMES Serum phosphorus, tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphorus indexed to glomerular filtration rate (TMP/GFR), and plasma FGF-23 concentrations. RESULTS For 987 participants, mean age was 67 ± 11 years, 182 (18%) were women, and 46 (25%) were using estrogen. Mean estimated GFR was 71 ± 23 (SD) mL/min/1.73 m(2). Compared with women who were not using estrogen, both women on estrogen therapy and men had significantly lower serum phosphorus concentrations, lower TMP/GFR values (indicating higher urine phosphorus excretion), and lower FGF-23 concentrations with adjustment for age, demographics, and kidney function (P < 0.001 for each). Mean FGF-23 levels were 68.7 (95% CI, 59.7-79.0) relative units (RU)/mL in non-estrogen-using women, 43.8 (95% CI, 41.2-46.5) RU/mL in men, and 45.1 (95% CI, 35.2-57.4) RU/mL in women using estrogen in adjusted analysis (P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS Most participants were men. Estrogen therapy was not randomly assigned. CONCLUSIONS Older women who are not using estrogen have higher FGF-23 levels than either men or women using estrogen. In the context of prior literature, these data suggest that postmenopausal phosphorus retention may stimulate higher FGF-23 concentrations after menopause.
7—APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING YARNS OF THE AIR-JET-BULKED TYPE WITHOUT THE USE OF AIR

A scaled-up model of the air-jet has recently thrown more light on the mechanism of the process and on the construction of bulked yarns of the Taslan type. This in turn has led to a mechanical method of simulating the air-jet action. The simulation of the process has been so effective that yarns of the air-jet-bulked type can now be produced by a novel method that does not use the air-jet. The apparatus is described, together with certain processing requirements found necessary for maintaining product quality. The new process is analysed mathematically, and comments are made regarding its feasibility as a possible commercial method of making yarns of the air-textured type without using compressed air.
General AIMD congestion control

Instead of the increase-by-one decrease-to-half strategy used in TCP for congestion window adjustment, we consider the general case such that the increase value and decrease ratio are parameters. That is, in the congestion avoidance state, the window size is increased by /spl alpha/ per window of packets acknowledged and it is decreased to /spl beta/ of the current value when there is congestion indication. We refer to this window adjustment strategy as general additive increase multiplicative decrease (GAIMD). We present the (mean) sending rate of a GAIMD flow as a function of /spl alpha/, /spl beta/, loss rate, mean round-trip time, mean timeout value, and the number of packets acknowledged by each ACK. We conducted extensive experiments to validate this sending rate formula. We found the formula to be quite accurate for a loss rate of up to 20%. We also present a simple relationship between /spl alpha/ and /spl beta/ for a GAIMD flow to be TCP-friendly, that is, for the GAIMD flow to have approximately the same sending rate as a TCP flow under the same path conditions. We present results from simulations in which TCP-friendly GAIMD flows (/spl alpha/=0.31, /spl beta/=7/8) compete for bandwidth with TCP Reno flows and with TCP SACK flows, on a DropTail link as well as on a RED link. We found that the GAIMD flows were highly, TCP-friendly. Furthermore, with /spl beta/ at 7/8 instead of 1/2, these GAIMD flows have reduced rate fluctuations compared to TCP flows.
A Qualitative Study of Patients’ and Physicians’ Views about Practice-Based Functional Health Assessment

Background. Interest has increased in using patient-based measures of health status in everyday clinical practice. Patient reports of functioning and well-being have been most commonly used in clinical-practice settings at the group-level for research rather than at the individual-patient level for clinical decision-making. Objectives. Little is known about patients’ and physicians’ preferences for practice-based functional health assessment. Qualitative methods were used to discover patient and physician attitudes about the use of functional health assessment tools in everyday clinical practice. Research Design. Six focus groups were conducted with 39 asthma patients who had been invited to participate in practice-based functional health assessment (FHA). Thirty in-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with physicians in a single health maintenance organization to discover their attitudes about practice-based FHA. Setting. A large group-model health maintenance organization in Southeastern Wisconsin that consists of 200,000 members and 315 providers across 22 locations. Patients were selected from the Asthma Clinic and physicians were selected among all MD providers. Results. Patients identified numerous practical implementation problems with practice-based FHA, including the site of data collection, feedback on their responses, and who would have access to the data. Patients also identified several barriers and benefits of practice-based FHA. Before they would commit financial and human capital resources and time, clinicians wanted information about the effectiveness and value of practice-based FHA. Conclusions. Several barriers to practice-based FHA were identified by patients and physicians. The evidence-based barrier identified by physicians needs to be overcome with additional intervention studies that push the envelope on several fronts including: (1) the type of tool; (2) the type of patient; (3) the type of setting; and (4) the recipients of the information. Interpretation guides and assessment linkage steps need to be developed and tested.
Performance of consensus algorithms in large-scale distributed estimation

When consensus algorithms are used in very large networks, spreading information across the whole graph requires a long time. Hence, traditional convergence analysis, studying the essential spectral radius of the transition matrix, predicts very poor performance. However, in estimation problems, it is clear that a growing number of measurements improves the quality of the estimate, and it is natural to expect such behaviour even though the best estimate is approximated using distributed algorithms. Then, it is important to define a suitable performance metric, depending on the actual estimation or control problem in which the consensus algorithm is used. This allows to study how performance scales when both computation time and number of agents grow to infinity, for different communication graphs and choices of the algorithm.
Diagnostic continuity between child and adolescent ADHD: findings from a longitudinal clinical sample.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether there are differences in the clinical expression and correlates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) between children and adolescents. METHOD Subjects were 6- to 17-year old Caucasian, non-Hispanic boys with and without ADHD. DSM-III-R structured diagnostic interviews, psychometric measures, and blind raters assessed psychiatric diagnoses, intellectual performance, social disability, school failure, and family functioning. RESULTS Children and adolescents with ADHD had an almost identical pattern of correlates in multiple domains of assessment including psychosocial adversity and comorbidity with conduct, mood, and anxiety disorders. Although the rate of substance abuse differed in comparison between child and adolescent subjects, this was independent of ADHD status. CONCLUSIONS These findings document the diagnostic continuity of ADHD between childhood and adolescence and support the inclusion of adolescent samples in ADHD research protocols.
Dental health education programme for 6-year-olds: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

AIM Oral health is a reflection of general health and significantly influences the quality of life. Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood which may adversely affect physical, mental and social growth of children. Oral hygiene methods can effectively prevent oral and dental diseases, and oral hygiene education plays an important role in this regard. The aim of the present study was then to assess the effect of oral hygiene education on the oral and dental health of 6-year-olds. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hundred and sixty 6-year-old children from 4 pre-school centers were divided into two groups, case and control, in this cluster randomised controlled trail. The children in the case group received oral and dental education in one session. The parents of the case group were also instructed in one session. The children and parents of the control group did not receive any instructions. Plaque index (PI): Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman; gingival index (GI): Loe & Silness; at a) baseline, b) 1.5 and c) 6 months after the first examination. Data were analysed by repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS PI: A significant difference was found between the baseline examination and the first follow-up (p < 0.01), and between the baseline examination and the second follow-up (p < 0.001). GI: Although values in the case group were lower, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups and within each group (p > 0.05). Regarding the number of brushing times, a statistically significant difference was found between the first and the second follow-ups of the study groups (p > 0.05). The brushing type and the application of other hygienic measures did not show any difference (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the present study it may be concluded that oral hygiene instruction to 6-year-old children and their parents improves their dental health.
Is Language a Factor in the Perception of Foreign Accent Syndrome?

Neurogenic foreign accent syndrome (FAS) is diagnosed when listeners perceive speech associated with motor speech impairments as foreign rather than disordered. Speakers with foreign accent syndrome typically have aphasia. It remains unclear how far language changes might contribute to the perception of foreign accent syndrome independent of accent. Judges with and without training in language analysis rated orthographic transcriptions of speech from people with foreign accent syndrome, speech-language disorder and no foreign accent syndrome, foreign accent without neurological impairment and healthy controls on scales of foreignness, normalness and disorderedness. Control speakers were judged as significantly more normal, less disordered and less foreign than other groups. Foreign accent syndrome speakers’ transcriptions consistently profiled most closely to those of foreign speakers and significantly different to speakers with speech-language disorder. On normalness and foreignness ratings there were no significant differences between foreign and foreign accent syndrome speakers. For disorderedness, foreign accent syndrome participants fell midway between foreign speakers and those with speech-language impairment only. Slower rate, more hesitations, pauses within and between utterances influenced judgments, delineating control scripts from others. Word-level syntactic and morphological deviations and reduced syntactic and semantic repertoire linked strongly with foreignness perceptions. Greater disordered ratings related to word fragments, poorly intelligible grammatical structures and inappropriate word selection. Language changes influence foreignness perception. Clinical and theoretical issues are addressed.
Antidepressant-like activity of S 20098 (agomelatine) in the forced swimming test in rodents: involvement of melatonin and serotonin receptors.

OBJECTIVE To study agomelatine (S 20098), a potent agonist at melatonin receptors and antagonist at serotonin-2C (5-HT(2C)) receptors, in an animal model of depression, namely, the rodent forced swimming test (FST). METHODS The effects of acute and repeated administration of S 20098 were compared with those of melatonin (4, 8, 16, 32, 64 mg/kg intraperitoneally [IP] for mice), imipramine (64 mg/kg orally for rats, 8 mg/kg IP for mice) and fluoxetine (16 mg/kg IP for mice). The influence of the pretreatments with 5-HT(1A) or 5-HT(1B) receptor agonists (8-OH-DPAT, anpirtoline) and 5-HT(1A/1B), 5-HT(2A/2C) or 5-HT(3) antagonists (pindolol, ritanserin, ondansetron) on the effects of S 20098 or melatonin were compared with imipramine and fluoxetine in mice. RESULTS Acute or repeated (13 days) administration of S 20098 or imipramine in rats significantly decreased the duration of immobility during the FST at all doses. A dose-dependent effect was observed after the repeated treatment with S 20098. When given for 10 days to mice in the evening, S 20098 was active on the FST at doses of 4, 16 and 32 mg/kg, whereas the acute administration of S 20098 (in the morning and evening) was without any significant effect. Acute or repeated administration of S 20098 did not modify the locomotor activity of mice. The combination of S 20098 with the above-mentioned pretreatments enhanced the effects of S 20098, given alone, on the duration of immobility. By comparison, acute melatonin was inactive in the FST and only pretreatment with 8-OH-DPAT or pindolol revealed an anti-immobility effect. A pretreatment with 8-OH-DPAT also induced anti-immobility effects with imipramine, but not fluoxetine, whereas pindolol exerted additive effects with fluoxetine but not imipramine. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the antidepressant-like activity of repeated administration of S 20098 in the FST. Moreover, the combination of 5-HT agonists and antagonists leads to more powerful effects with S 20098 than with melatonin, thereby emphasizing the contribution of 5-HT receptors to the antidepressant activity of S 20098. Compared with imipramine and fluoxetine, the 5-HT receptor subtypes that may be involved in the antidepressant-like activity of S 20098 are not similar. Indeed, when considering the binding properties of S 20098, the 5-HT(2C) receptor subtype appears to be the most attractive candidate. It is concluded that the antidepressant-like activity of S 20098 in this model most probably involves a combination of both its melatonin agonist and 5-HT(2C )receptor antagonist properties.
Calcitic microlenses as part of the photoreceptor system in brittlestars

NATURE | VOL 412 | 23 AUGUST 2001 | www.nature. com 819 M. Maher, L. Milne, D. de Palacio, K. Redman and C. Roger for recording changeover rates. We also thank D. Bates, P. Harvey, O. Merne and A. Walsh, the Neale family, D. Shaw, M. and L. Smyth, B. Zonfrillo, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and the Scottish Seabird Centre for logistical support. S. Bearhop, D. Elston and A. Stien gave statistical advice, while S. Albon, F. Daunt, M. Harris, R. Moss, J. Sherratt and K. Thompson commented on an earlier draft. This project was funded by a Natural Environment Research Council CASE Research Studentship to S.L.
EBP b ( CCAAT / Enhancer Binding Protein ) Controls Cell Fate Determination during Mammary Gland Development

Deletion of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)b results in a severe inhibition of lobuloalveolar development in the mouse mammary gland. Because progesterone receptor (PR) is requisite for alveolar development, the expression of PR was investigated in C/EBPb mice. Unexpectedly, the number of PR-positive cells, as well as the levels of PR mRNA, were elevated 3-fold in the mammary glands of C/EBPb mice. Furthermore, in contrast to wild-type nulliparous mice, in which PR distribution shifted from a uniform to nonuniform pattern between 8–12 weeks of age, C/EBPb mice exhibited uniform PR distribution throughout all stages of mammary development analyzed. No change in C/EBPb mRNA levels was observed in the mammary glands of PR mice, suggesting that PR acts in a pathway either in parallel to or downstream of C/EBPb. The overexpression and disrupted cellular distribution of PR in C/EBPb mice were coincident with a striking 10-fold decrease in cell proliferation after acute steroid hormone treatment, assayed by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine. In wild-type mice, PR and bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells were adjacent to each other and rarely colocalized. No differences in the level or pattern of PR expression were observed in the uterus, suggesting that C/EBPb influences PR in a mammary-specific fashion. Together, these data suggest that C/EBPb may control cell fate decisions in the mammary gland through the appropriate temporal and spatial expression of molecular markers, such as PR, that induce the proliferation of alveolar progenitor cells via juxtacrine mechanisms. (Molecular Endocrinology 14: 359– 368, 2000)
Chronic Actinic Dermatitis: An Analysis of 51 Patients Evaluated in the United States and Japan

Background and Design: We studied the clinical and photobiologic features of 51 patients with chronic actinic dermatitis who were evaluated at three institutions. The following criteria for patient selection were used: (1) a persistent eczematous eruption in the sun-exposed areas of greater than 3 months' duration; (2) decreased phototest results; and (3) when available, histologic changes of a dermal infiltrate of lymphocytes and macrophages, with or without epidermal spongiosis and atypical mononuclear cells in the dermis and epidermis. Results: The 51 patients had a mean age of 62.7 years, a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1, and a mean duration of eruption of 5.8 years. The most common abnormal results of the phototests were decreased minimal erythema doses to both UV-A and UV-B, followed by decreased minimal erythema doses to UV-A alone. Patients with abnormally low responses to UV-A or visible light and normal minimal erythema doses to UV-B had the same clinical profile as the overall patient population. Aside from protection from sunlight, treatment modalities that have been used include PUVA (8-methoxypsoralen and UV-A) photochemotherapy, azathioprine, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and, for recalcitrant cases, cyclosporine. Conclusions: Chronic actinic dermatitis is a persistent photodermatosis associated with abnormal phototest responses to UV-A, and/or UV-B, and/or increased sensitivity to visible light; histopathologic changes are consistent with photodermatitis. Treatment consists of combinations of topical and oral medications. (Arch Dermatol. 1994;130:1284-1289)
Does active psychosis cause neurobiological pathology? A critical review of the neurotoxicity hypothesis

Background Since the neurotoxicity hypothesis was launched in 1991, it has generated a great deal of interest and given rise to several studies investigating the validity of the hypothesis that being psychotic has a toxic effect on the brain. The toxicity argument is used to justify early treatment. This review attempts to assess the studies that have addressed the question: Does an active psychosis, indexed by the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), cause neurobiological pathology? Method The validity of the hypothesis has been studied primarily by correlation analyses that assess whether there are significant correlations between DUP and changes in neurocognitive functioning or brain structure. In this review, relevant reports were identified by a literature survey. Results Of the 35 studies (33 papers) evaluated, six neurocognitive studies supported the hypothesis and 16 did not. Eight morphology studies supported the hypothesis and five did not. In general, the studies that did not support the neurotoxicity hypothesis were larger in size and had more adequate designs (longitudinal) than those that supported the hypothesis. Conclusions Overall, there is limited empirical evidence for the neurotoxicity hypothesis in the studies reviewed. However, it is possible that there is a threshold value for a toxic effect of psychosis, rather than a linear relationship between DUP and a neurotoxic effect, and that several of the studies evaluated did not have a long enough DUP to detect a toxic effect of active psychosis.
Wireless Power Meets Energy Harvesting: A Joint Energy Allocation Approach in OFDM-Based System

This paper investigates an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless powered communication system, where one user harvests energy from an energy access point (EAP) to power its information transmission to a data access point (DAP). The channels from the EAP to the user, i.e., the wireless energy transfer (WET) link, and from the user to the DAP, i.e., the wireless information transfer (WIT) link, vary over both time slots and subchannels (SCs) in general. To avoid interference at DAP, WET and WIT are scheduled over orthogonal SCs at any slot. Our objective is to maximize the achievable rate at the DAP by jointly optimizing the SC allocation over time, and the power allocation over time and SCs, for both WET and WIT links. Assuming availability of full channel state information (CSI), the structural results for the optimal SC/power allocation are obtained and an offline algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. Furthermore, we propose a low-complexity online algorithm when causal CSI is available.
Two‐year outcomes after deployment of XIENCE V everolimus‐eluting stents in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention of bifurcation lesions: A report from the SPIRIT V single arm study

The aim of this analysis was to analyze outcomes of patients undergoing Xience V EES treatment of bifurcation lesions, a subset in which treatment is particularly challenging. The SPIRIT V Study provided an evaluation of the Xience V everolimus eluting stent (EES) performance in complex patient and lesion population. The SPIRIT V Single Arm Study enrolled 2700 patients with de novo coronary artery lesions suitable to be optimally treated with a maximum of four planned Xience V EES. Lesion evaluation was by visual assessment. The outcomes of the 492 patients undergoing Xience V EES stenting of ≥1 bifurcation lesion were compared to those with no bifurcation lesion treated. Compared to those without bifurcation treatment, patients with bifurcation treatment were more likely to have multi‐vessel disease (49% vs 40%), left main treatment (3.1% vs 0.9%), more lesions treated (1.5 vs 1.3), calcification (36.4% vs 27.5%), and ostial (17.1% vs 8.2%) and angulated lesions (29.3% vs 21.1%), all P < 0.001. The 30‐day composite rate of death, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR) was 4.3% in patients with bifurcation PCI and 2.2% in those with non‐bifurcation PCI (P = 0.017). At 2 years, this composite event rate was 11.3% and 10.0% in these two groups, respectively (P = 0.403). Rates of cardiac death, MI, target lesion revascularization (TLR), TVR, and ARC defined definite or probable stent thrombosis (0.4% vs 0.9%, P = 0.402) were not significantly different between the two groups. Despite greater patient and lesion complexity, treatment of patients with bifurcation lesions using the Xience V EES in the SPIRIT V prospective Single Arm Study was safe and effective, with low overall event rates that were similar to those without bifurcation lesion treatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.