Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual Differences in Personality Predict How People Look at Faces

Background Determining the ways in which personality traits interact with contextual determinants to shape social behavior remains an important area of empirical investigation. The specific personality trait of neuroticism has been related to characteristic negative emotionality and associated with heightened attention to negative, emotionally arousing environmental signals. However, the mechanisms by which this personality trait may shape social behavior remain largely unspecified. Methodology/Principal Findings We employed eye tracking to investigate the relationship between characteristics of visual scanpaths in response to emotional facial expressions and individual differences in personality. We discovered that the amount of time spent looking at the eyes of fearful faces was positively related to neuroticism. Conclusions/Significance This finding is discussed in relation to previous behavioral research relating personality to selective attention for trait-congruent emotional information, neuroimaging studies relating differences in personality to amygdala reactivity to socially relevant stimuli, and genetic studies suggesting linkages between the serotonin transporter gene and neuroticism. We conclude that personality may be related to interpersonal interaction by shaping aspects of social cognition as basic as eye contact. In this way, eye gaze represents a possible behavioral link in a complex relationship between genes, brain function, and personality.
Clustering Commits for Understanding the Intents of Implementation

This paper proposes a novel technique for clustering commits for understanding the intents of implementation. Such a classification of commits should be able to assist developers to understand commits related to particular requirements, for example, how and why has this function been implemented, or has this function suffered from any bugs? Our technique adopts a clustering algorithm on identifier names that are related to changes in each commit. Such an approach allows us to take the semantics of each commit into account without commit messages, and so our approach is robust for the situation where some commits lack accurate descriptions. We conducted a pilot study to confirm that our idea answers to our objective. The pilot study found some good examples that showed the usefulness of our approach, and there were some undesirable results that gave some ideas to improve it.
Effect of Genetic Variant (rs11887534) in ABCG8 Gene in Coronary Artery Disease and Response to Atorvastatin Therapy

Background: ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG8 plays an important role in excretion of cholesterol from liver. Common genetic polymorphisms in ABCG8 gene may genetically predispose an individual to coronary artery disease (CAD) along with response to atorvastatin therapy. Thus, we aimed to examine the role of ABCG8 D19H polymorphism (rs11887534) in susceptibility to CAD and its influence on atorvastatin response. Methodology: The study included 213 CAD patients and 220 controls. Genotyping of ABCG8 D19H polymorphism was done by PCR-RFLP. Results: Our results showed that ABCG8 ‘H’ allele was conferring significant risk for CAD in a dominant model (OR = 2.54; p = 0.014). This increased risk for CAD was more pronounced in males (OR = 2.69; p = 0.030). No correlation of ABCG8 genotypes with the risk factors (diabetes, hypertension and smoking) of CAD was observed. On atorvastatin treatment there was a significant decrease in the LDL-C levels (p = 0.021). However, stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that this decease was not associated with ABCG8 genetic variant (p = 0.845). Observed determinants of variation in interindividual response to atorvastatin therapy were pre-treatment LDL-C (p = 0.024) and TC (p = 0.017). Conclusion: Although the genetic variant 19H of ABCG8 confers risk for CAD in North Indian population, it is not associated with interindividual response to atorvastatin therapy.
The 9p21 Locus Is Associated with Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiovascular Events in the Presence (but Not in the Absence) of Coronary Calcification

Variants at the 9p21 locus have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD); coronary artery calcification (CAC) is related to CAD and other cardiovascular events. To determine the association of the 9p21 locus with CAD in the presence and absence of CAC, 4 groups were enrolled in a case-control study, including 527 CAD patients without CAC, 692 CAD patients with CAC, 585 individuals with simple CAC but no CAD, and 725 healthy controls. The rs1333049 representing the locus was associated with CAD in the presence of CAC (odds ratio = 1.38 in allelic analysis, 95%CI, 1.19–1.60, P<0.001), but not in the absence of CAC. Additionally, rs1333049 was not associated with simple CAC or CAC severity/extent in CAD patients with CAC. 849 CAD patients undergoing revascularization (660 with CAC and 189 without CAC) were enrolled in a cohort study to test its association with cardiovascular events in CAD patients with and without CAC in a 3-year follow-up. rs1333049 was significantly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular events in non-target vessels in patients with CAC (hazard ratio = 1.44, 95%CI, 1.08–1.91, P = 0.012), but not in those without CAC. The variants at the 9p21 locus were related to CAD and post-revascularization events only in the presence of CAC, suggesting that they may confer risk of calcification-related coronary atherosclerosis.
Green web services: Improving energy efficiency in data centers via workload predictions

Improving energy efficiency of data centers is an important research challenge. Web services are an important part of data centers' workload, and a large contributor to their energy footprint. This paper contributes an approach that, leveraging statistical data over web services usage patterns, dynamically predicts the resources required by the web service application. Our framework, SOPRA, uses these predictions to constantly adapt the allocation of resources to minimize the energy utilization of the data center. We demonstrate the viability of our approach by executing SOPRA over a synthetic workload. We compare the energy savings achieved by SOPRA with the traditional over allocation strategy and with the saving achievable by using a static predictor. Furthermore, we show how different service level agreements (SLA) influence the ability to save energy. The results of our experiments show that, with our workload, we can save up to 52.49% of energy over the over-allocation approach while a static prediction can only achieve a 44.78% saving. Moreover, our results show that the SLA has a high impact on energy savings. Using a more demanding SLA, the energy saving SOPRA was able to achieve was only 28.29%.
GABAB receptor subtypes differentially modulate synaptic inhibition in the dentate gyrus to enhance granule cell output

Activation of GABAB receptors in the dentate gyrus (DG) enhances granule cell (GC) activity by reducing synaptic inhibition imposed by hilar interneurons. This disinhibitory action facilitates signal transfer from the perforant path to the hippocampus. However, as the two main molecular subtypes, GABAB(1a,2) and GABAB(1b,2) receptors, prefer axonal terminal and dendritic compartments, respectively, they may modulate the hilar pathways at different synaptic localizations. We examined their relative expression and functions in the DG.
Catheter‐based induction of renal ischemia/reperfusion in swine: description of an experimental model

Several techniques to induce renal ischemia have been proposed: clamp, PVA particles, and catheter‐balloon. We report the development of a controlled, single‐insult model of unilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) without contralateral nephrectomy, using a suitable model, the pig. This is a balloon‐catheter‐based model using a percutaneous, interventional radiology procedure. One angioplasty balloon‐catheter was placed into the right renal artery and inflated for 120 min and reperfusion over 24 h. Serial serums were sampled from the inferior vena cava and urine was directly sampled from the bladder throughout the experiment, and both kidneys were excised after 24 h of reperfusion. Analyses of renal structure and function were performed by hematoxylin–eosin/periodic Acid‐Schiff, serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), fractional excretion of ions, and glucose, SDS‐PAGE analysis of urinary proteins, and serum neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL). Total nitrated protein was quantified to characterize oxidative stress. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was identified in every animal, but only two animals showed levels of SCr above 150% of baseline values. As expected, I/R increased SCr and BUN. Fractional sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate excretion were modulated during ischemia. Serum‐nitrated proteins and NGAL had two profiles: decreased with ischemia and increased after reperfusion. This decline was associated with increased protein excretion during ischemia and early reperfusion. Altogether, these data show that the renal I/R model can be performed by percutaneous approach in the swine model. This is a suitable translational model to study new early renal ischemic biomarkers and pathophysiological mechanisms in renal ischemia.
The Theory and Practice of Corporate Finance: Evidence from the Field

We survey 392 CFOs about the cost of capital, capital budgeting, and capital structure. Large firms rely heavily on present value techniques and the capital asset pricing model, while small firms are relatively likely to use the payback criterion. A surprising number of firms use firm risk rather than project risk in evaluating new investments. Firms are concerned about financial flexibility and credit ratings when issuing debt, and earnings per share dilution and recent stock price appreciation when issuing equity. We find some support for the pecking-order and trade-off capital structure hypotheses but little evidence that executives are concerned about asset substitution, asymmetric information, transactions costs, free cash flows, or personal taxes.
Hypnotherapy for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder of unknown aetiology. Current pharmacological treatments have limited value. Hypnotherapy has been reported to have beneficial effects for IBS symptoms. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of hypnotherapy for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. SEARCH STRATEGY Published and unpublished randomised clinical trials and quasi-randomised clinical trials were identified through structured searches of MEDLINE (1966 to March 2006), EMBASE (1980 to March 2006), PsycINFO (1806 to March 2006), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, 1982 to March 2006), AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, 1985 to March 2006) and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials. Conference proceedings from Digestive Disease Week (1980 to 2005) were also searched. SELECTION CRITERIA Eligible studies included all randomised and quasi-randomised clinical studies comparing hypnotherapy for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with no treatment or another therapeutic intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS All studies were evaluated for eligibility for inclusion. Included studies were assessed for quality and data were extracted independently by four authors. The primary outcome measure of interest was the overall bowel symptom severity score which combines abdominal pain, diarrhoea or constipation and bloating. Secondary outcomes included abdominal pain, diarrhoea, constipation, bloating, quality of life, patient's overall assessment of well-being, psychological measures as per validated questionnaires, and adverse events. MAIN RESULTS Four studies including a total of 147 patients met the inclusion criteria. Only one study compared hypnotherapy to an alternative therapy (psychotherapy and placebo pill), two studies compared hypnotherapy with waiting-list controls and the final study compared hypnotherapy to usual medical management. Data were not pooled for meta-analysis due to differences in outcome measures and study design. The therapeutic effect of hypnotherapy was found to be superior to that of a waiting list control or usual medical management, for abdominal pain and composite primary IBS symptoms, in the short term in patients who fail standard medical therapy. Harmful side-effects were not reported in any of the trials. However, the results of these studies should be interpreted with caution due to poor methodological quality and small size. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The quality of the included trials was inadequate to allow any conclusion about the efficacy of hypnotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome. More research with high quality trials is needed.
Corticospinal Beta-Range Coherence Is Highly Dependent on the Pre-stationary Motor State

During steady muscle contractions, the human sensorimotor cortex generates oscillations in the beta-frequency range (15–30 Hz) that are coherent with the activity of contralateral spinal motoneurons. This corticospinal coherence is thought to favor stationary motor states, but its mode of operation remains elusive. We hypothesized that corticospinal beta-range coherence depends on the sensorimotor processing state before a steady force task and may thus increase after sensorimotor tuning to dynamic force generation. To test this hypothesis we instructed 16 human subjects to compensate static force after rest as well as after compensating predictable or unpredictable dynamic force with their right index finger. We calculated EEG-EMG coherence, cortical motor spectral power, and the motor performance during the force conditions. Corticospinal beta-coherence during stationary force was excessively elevated if the steady-state contraction was preceded by predictable dynamic force instead of rest, and was highest after unpredictable dynamic force. The beta-power decreased from rest to predictable dynamic force, and was lowest during unpredictable dynamic force. The increase in corticospinal beta-coherence showed a significant negative correlation with the preceding change in beta-power. The tuning to dynamic force did not entail an inferior motor performance during static force. The results imply a correlation between corticospinal beta-range coherence and the computational load of the preceding isometric motor engagement. We suggest beta-range coherence provides a functional corticospinal gateway for steady force-related processing that can override cortical states tuned to dynamic force. The modulation of corticospinal beta-range coherence might thus ensure comparable precision of static force in various motor contexts.
The X-Ray Remnant of SN 1987A

We present high-resolution Chandra observations of the remnant of SN 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The high angular resolution of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory permits us to resolve the X-ray remnant. We find that the remnant is shell-like in morphology, with X-ray peaks associated with some of the optical hot spots seen in Hubble Space Telescope images. The X-ray light curve has deviated from the linear flux increase observed by ROSAT, with a 0.5-2.0 keV luminosity of 1.5 × 1035 ergs s-1 in 2000 January. We set an upper limit of 2.3 × 1034 ergs s-1 on the observed luminosity of any embedded central source (0.5-2 keV). We also present a high-resolution spectrum and show that the X-ray emission is thermal in origin and is dominated by highly ionized species of O, Ne, Mg, and Si.
Energy Consumption and Conservation in WiFi Based Phones: A Measurement-Based Study

WiFi based phones are becoming increasingly popular due to the ubiquitous presence of wireless LANs and the use of unlicensed spectrum. These phones use VoIP techniques over wireless LANs. In addition to the spectral efficiency and security issues, energy consumption is a vital issue in making the usage of these phones widespread. Efforts are underway in improving energy conservation in these phones and thus increasing the duration between recharging the battery. This paper provides a detailed anatomy of the energy consumption by various components of WiFi-based phones. Through a measurement-based study of WiFi-based phones, we have analyzed the energy consumption for various workloads at various components. The impact of scan operations and related issues in the energy consumption on WiFi phones are quantified through actual measurements. Several inferences and derived guidelines are provided for improving the power conservation approaches in WiFi- based phones from the first of its kind experimental study.
GROWTH AND MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS OF PEA PLANTS UNDER DIFFERENT SALINITY LEVELS AND IRON SUPPLY

The simultaneous occurrence of several abiotic stresses is more the rule than an exception in nature. In this study pea plants were grown as hydroponics under three salinity levels (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl), and five concentrations of iron under the form of FeEDTA (0, 0.1, 0.25, 2-optimum concentration, and 10 mg Fe/l). The separate and combined effects of both factors on growth and concentrations of in roots and shoots were studied. The combined effect of salinity and inadequate iron supply depended on the stress combination, the levels of individual stresses and the parameter under consideration. Although the decline in shoot growth for a particular combination of stress levels was close to that caused by the stronger individual stress at the same level, an additive effect of both stresses cannot be ruled out since earlier and stronger chlorosis took place under complete Fe deficiency when it was combined with salinity. It might be due to the highest Na, and the lowest Fe and N content in shoots, recorded in the plants when the highest levels of the stresses were combined. Even though salinity lessened the drop of root biomass, caused by Fe deficiency or toxicity, and some of the stress combinations resulted in closer to the control values for some nutrient concentrations compared to individual stresses, a shift in optimum Fe concentration in saline conditions was
An investigation into the nature and function of metaphor in advanced music instruction

Metaphors are an important linguistic device that can enable music teachers to explain expressive performance features in a way that makes sense to their students. This study extends the limited literature on the application of metaphors within advanced music instruction, providing new insights into the nature and function of metaphor in the way that music is perceived, performed and taught. It is based on an investigation of 80 hours of teacher instruction recorded across five instrument areas: strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion and keyboard. Metaphors were identified, analysed in relation to contextual meanings, and explored in relation to relevant literature. The findings suggest that with attentive use, metaphors can be useful “bridges to learning” in music instruction contexts.
The influence of leaf photosynthetic efficiency and stomatal closure on canopy carbon uptake and evapotranspiration – a model study in wheat and sugar beet

Abstract. In this study two crop species, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), were monitored over the course of five days during the entire season. We investigated the link of the main physiological leaf-level mechanisms, stomatal conductance and efficiency of photosynthetic energy conversion on canopy transpiration and photosynthetic CO2 uptake. The physiological status of 900 leaves of different plants in a natural canopy was characterized on the leaf level using chlorophyll fluorescence. Gas exchange measurements were performed at leaves of 12 individual plants of each species. Eddy covariance flux measurements provided information on CO2, water and energy fluxes on the field scale. The diurnal pattern of stomatal resistance on the leaf level was especially for sugar beet similar to the canopy resistance, which indicates that stomatal resistance may have a large impact on the bulk canopy resistance. The diurnal changes in canopy resistance appeared to have less effect on the evapotranspiration, which was mainly dependent on the amount of incoming radiation. The similar diurnal pattern of water use efficiency on the leaf level and on the canopy level during the day, underline the influence of physiological mechanisms of leaves on the canopy. The greatest difference between water use efficiency on leaf and canopy occurred in the morning, mainly due to an increase of stomatal resistance. Limitation of CO2 uptake occurred in the afternoon when water vapor pressure deficit increased. Maxima of net ecosystem productivity corresponded to the highest values of photosynthetic capacity of single leaves, which occurred before solar noon. Within the course of a few hours, photosynthetic efficiency and stomatal resistance of leaves varied and these variations were the reason for diurnal variations in the carbon fluxes of the whole field. During the seasonal development, the leaf area index was the main factor driving carbon and water exchange, when both crops were still growing. During senescence of winter wheat these structural parameters did not account for changes in canopy fluxes and remaining high green leaf material of sugar beet did not present the reduction in canopy fluxes due to beginning dormancy. We thus hypothesize that the functional status of plants is also important to correctly predict carbon and water fluxes throughout the season. We propose to additionally include the physiological status of plants in carbon flux models in order to improve the quality of the simulation of diurnal patterns of carbon fluxes.
Autoantibodies recognizing carbamylated proteins are present in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and predict joint damage

Autoimmune responses against posttranslationally modified antigens are a hallmark of several autoimmune diseases. For example, antibodies against citrullinated protein antigens (ACPA) have shown their relevance for the prognosis and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. It is conceivable that other autoantibody systems, recognizing other posttranslationally modified proteins, are also present in RA. Here, we describe the presence of an autoantibody system that discriminates between citrulline- and homocitrulline-containing antigens in the sera of RA-patients. IgG antibodies recognizing carbamylated (homocitrulline-containing) antigens were present in sera of over 45% of RA-patients. Likewise, anticarbamylated protein (anti-CarP) IgA antibodies were observed in 43% of RA-sera. ACPA and anti-CarP antibodies are distinct autoantibodies because, in selected double-positive patients, the anti-CarP antibody binding to carbamylated antigens could be inhibited by carbamylated antigens, but not by control or citrullinated antigens. Similarly, ACPA-binding to citrullinated antigens could only be inhibited by citrullinated antigens. In line with this observation, 16% of ACPA-negative RA-patients, as measured by a standard ACPA assay, harbored IgG anti-CarP antibodies, whereas 30% of these patients tested positive for IgA anti-CarP antibodies. The presence of anti-CarP antibodies was predictive for a more severe disease course in ACPA-negative patients as measured by radiological progression. Taken together, these data show the presence of a unique autoantibody system recognizing carbamylated, but not citrullinated, protein antigens. These antibodies are predictive for a more severe clinical course in ACPA-negative RA-patients, indicating that anti-CarP antibodies are a unique and relevant serological marker for ACPA-negative RA.