Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CoolStreaming/DONet: a data-driven overlay network for peer-to-peer live media streaming

This paper presents DONet, a data-driven overlay network for live media streaming. The core operations in DONet are very simple: every node periodically exchanges data availability information with a set of partners, and retrieves unavailable data from one or more partners, or supplies available data to partners. We emphasize three salient features of this data-driven design: 1) easy to implement, as it does not have to construct and maintain a complex global structure; 2) efficient, as data forwarding is dynamically determined according to data availability while not restricted by specific directions; and 3) robust and resilient, as the partnerships enable adaptive and quick switching among multi-suppliers. We show through analysis that DONet is scalable with bounded delay. We also address a set of practical challenges for realizing DONet, and propose an efficient member and partnership management algorithm, together with an intelligent scheduling algorithm that achieves real-time and continuous distribution of streaming contents. We have extensively evaluated the performance of DONet over the PlanetLab. Our experiments, involving almost all the active PlanetLab nodes, demonstrate that DONet achieves quite good streaming quality even under formidable network conditions. Moreover, its control overhead and transmission delay are both kept at low levels. An Internet-based DONet implementation, called CoolStreaming v.0. 9, was released on May 30, 2004, which has attracted over 30000 distinct users with more than 4000 simultaneously being online at some peak times. We discuss the key issues toward designing CoolStreaming in this paper, and present several interesting observations from these large-scale tests; in particular, the larger the overlay size, the better the streaming quality it can deliver.
Intratumor Heterogeneity in Epithelial Cancer: Assessment in Cell Line Models and Circulating Tumor Cells

Background : CTCs are present only in small numbers in patients' blood. This study aimed to establish a protocol for enumeration and phenotypic characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by ImageStreamX MK II (AMNIS) imaging flow cytometry and to characterize the expression of epithelial, mesenchymal, and stem cell markers in CTCs. Methods : The study used the FaDu cell line at different passages, cisplatin-resistant (FaDu CDDP-R), and irradiation-resistant (FaDu IR-R) subclones, as well as blood samples from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients for CTC detection (n = 5). Cells were fixed using 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized by incubation in 0.3% Triton X-100. The cell suspensions were stained with 1:100 EpCAM AF-488, 1:50 CD45 AF-647, 1:50 Vimentin AF-555, and 1:50 ALDH1A AF-594 antibodies. Results : There were significant differences in EpCAM expression levels between FaDu at late passage and FaDu CDDP-R subclones, as well as between FaDu at late passage compared with FaDu IR-R. Furthermore, CTCs were successfully detected in five patients' samples with various CTC subpopulations. Conclusions : Intratumor heterogeneity in CTC phenotypes existed in CRC and HNSCC. Furthermore, three main subpopulations of CTCs were detected. Our findings strongly support future phenotypic studies of CTCs.
The Intrinsic Geometric Structure of Protein-Protein Interaction Networks for Protein Interaction Prediction

Recent developments in high-throughput technologies for measuring protein-protein interaction (PPI) have profoundly advanced our ability to systematically infer protein function and regulation. However, inherently high false positive and false negative rates in measurement have posed great challenges in computational approaches for the prediction of PPI. A good PPI predictor should be 1) resistant to high rate of missing and spurious PPIs, and 2) robust against incompleteness of observed PPI networks. To predict PPI in a network, we developed an intrinsic geometry structure (IGS) for network, which exploits the intrinsic and hidden relationship among proteins in network through a heat diffusion process. In this process, all explicit PPIs participate simultaneously to glue local infinitesimal and noisy experimental interaction data to generate a global macroscopic descriptions about relationships among proteins. The revealed implicit relationship can be interpreted as the probability of two proteins interacting with each other. The revealed relationship is intrinsic and robust against individual, local and explicit protein interactions in the original network. We apply our approach to publicly available PPI network data for the evaluation of the performance of PPI prediction. Experimental results indicate that, under different levels of the missing and spurious PPIs, IGS is able to robustly exploit the intrinsic and hidden relationship for PPI prediction with a higher sensitivity and specificity compared to that of recently proposed methods.
Technical and clinical aspects of cortisol as a biochemical marker of chronic stress

Stress is now recognized as a universal premorbid factor associated with many risk factors of various chronic diseases. Acute stress may induce an individual’s adaptive response to environmental demands. However, chronic, excessive stress causes cumulative negative impacts on health outcomes through “allostatic load”. Thus, monitoring the quantified levels of long-term stress mediators would provide a timely opportunity for prevention or earlier intervention of stressrelated chronic illnesses. Although either acute or chronic stress could be quantified through measurement of changes in physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, and levels of various metabolic hormones, it is still elusive to interpret whether the changes in circulating levels of stress mediators such as cortisol can reflect the acute, chronic, or diurnal variations. Both serum and salivary cortisol levels reveal acute changes at a single point in time, but the overall long-term systemic cortisol exposure is difficult to evaluate due to circadian variations and its protein-binding capacity. Scalp hair has a fairy predictable growth rate of approximately 1 cm/month, and the most 1 cm segment approximates the last month’s cortisol production as the mean value. The analysis of cortisol in hair is a highly promising technique for the retrospective assessment of chronic stress. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(4): 209-216]
An Examination of the Public’s Twitter Usage of Youth Olympic Games and Olympic Games from 2010 to 2016

Abstract The purpose of this study is to assess the status of Twitter usage on attracting the public’s attention with regard to the Youth Olympic Games (YOG) as compared to the Olympic Games (OG). Associated tweets were collected and analyzed to determine whether retweets, likes, and hashtags of tweets differed by event (YOG or OG), by event year (2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016), or by timeframe (before, during, and after the major sporting events). Using the Python programming language, this study extracted data (i.e., tweets, retweets, likes, and hashtags) during the three timeframes across the eight mega-sporting events. Findings from this study have implications for the analytical development of social media usage by sport organizations and provide a better understanding of social media platforms in the context of mega-sporting events.
Single-Institution Experience with Matrix Coils in the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: Comparison with Same-Center Outcomes with the Use of Platinum Coils

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to analyze the outcomes and treatment-related complications of the polyglycolic/polylactic acid (PGLA)-coated Matrix platinum coils in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms and compare these results with those derived from the same single-institutional experience with use of uncoated, bare platinum coils. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we compared 2 groups of patients in a retrospective fashion. The first group consisted of 70 consecutive patients who underwent 82 aneurysm treatments with Matrix coils during the 14-month period of study, from January 2003 to February 2004. We compared this cohort with 70 consecutive patients who underwent a total of 80 aneurysm treatments with bare platinum coils in the 12 months immediately preceding the use of PGLA-coated coils, from January through December 2002. We then recorded the treatment characteristics, angiographic outcomes, and any complications. RESULTS: There were similar baseline demographic characteristics between the 2 study groups except in age, anatomic location, and length of follow-up. The overall recurrence rate of aneurysms was 41% among the Matrix-treated group and 32% among the patients treated with bare platinum. Among the 42 patients treated with 100% Matrix, the rate of recurrence was 31%. Of the recurrences, 21% of the Matrix group, 19% of the 100% Matrix group, and 9% of the bare platinum group required retreatment. The overall rate of complications was 10% in the Matrix-treated group and 7% in the bare platinum group. There was not a statistically significant difference in the rate of recurrence of aneurysms or complications between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our single-center experience, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of Matrix coils over bare platinum coils, given their disadvantages.
Slowly-migrating transition layers for the discrete Allen-Cahn and Cahn-Hilliard equations

It has recently been proposed that spatially discretized versions of the Alien-Cahn and Cahn-Hilliard equations for modelling phase transitions have certain theoretical and phenomenological advantages over their continuous counterparts. This paper deals with one-dimensional discretizations and examines the extent to which dynamical metastability, which manifests itself in the original partial differential equations in the form of solutions with slowly-moving transition layers, is also present for the discrete equations. It is shown that, in fact, there are transition-layer solutions that evolve at a speed bounded by C1 epsilon (1+C2/(n epsilon ))-C3n+C4 for all n>or=n0 and epsilon <or= epsilon 0, where 1/n is the spatial mesh size, epsilon is the interaction length, and n0 and epsilon 0 are constants.
Taking pleasure from neighboursâ€™ misfortune: Comparison effects, social norms and the well-being of the unemployed

The role of relative rank, or interdependent preferences, in explaining individual well-being is a rapidly emerging research area for economists. A typically overlooked issue in this literature is the extent of individual heterogeneity in the degree to which individuals are susceptible to comparison effects. In keeping with the idea that comparison effects are important in the labour market, we find that the well-being of the unemployed is positively correlated with the unemployment of others (neighbourhood unemployment rates), whereas the opposite is true for the population as a whole. The main novelty of this study is that we document significant individual heterogeneity in these effects. Specifically, unemployed males and those with relatively strong social ties in their neighbourhood appear to be much more likely to derive well-being benefits from the unemployment of others. We further show that there are significant differences according to personality traits. We suggest that neglecting to consider individual heterogeneity and focusing on â€˜averageâ€™ effects as is the norm in the literature to date will invariably lead to an incomplete, and perhaps superficial, understanding of the role of comparison effects for individual well-being.
Melatonin Plays a Protective Role in Postburn Rodent Gut Pathophysiology

Melatonin is a possible protective agent in postburn gut pathophysiological dynamics. We investigated the role of endogenously-produced versus exogenously-administered melatonin in a major thermal injury rat model with well-characterized gut inflammatory complications. Our rationale is that understanding in vivo melatonin mechanisms in control and inflamed tissues will improve our understanding of its potential as a safe anti-inflammatory/antioxidant therapeutic alternative. Towards this end, we tested the hypothesis that the gut is both a source and a target for melatonin and that mesenteric melatonin plays an anti-inflammatory role following major thermal injury in rats with 3rd degree hot water scald over 30% TBSA. Our methods for assessing the gut as a source of melatonin included plasma melatonin ELISA measurements in systemic and mesenteric circulation as well as rtPCR measurement of jejunum and terminal ileum expression of the melatonin synthesizing enzymes arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) and 5-hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) in sham versus day-3 postburn rats. Our melatonin ELISA results revealed that mesenteric circulation has much higher melatonin than systemic circulation and that both mesenteric and systemic melatonin levels are increased three days following major thermal injury. Our rtPCR results complemented the ELISA data in showing that the melatonin synthesizing enzymes AA-NAT and HIOMT are expressed in the ileum and jejunum and that this expression is increased three days following major thermal injury. Interestingly, the rtPCR data also revealed negative feedback by melatonin as exogenous melatonin supplementation at a dose of 7.43 mg (32 μmole/kg), but not 1.86 mg/kg (8 μmole/kg) drastically suppressed AA-NAT mRNA expression. Our methods also included an assessment of the gut as a target for melatonin utilizing computerized immunohistochemical measurements to quantify the effects of exogenous melatonin supplementation on postburn gut mucosa barrier inflammatory profiles. Here, our results revealed that daily postburn intraperitoneal melatonin administration at a dose of 1.86 mg/kg (8 μmole/kg) significantly suppressed both neutrophil infiltration and tyrosine nitrosylation as revealed by Gr-1 and nitrotyrosine immunohistochemistry, respectively. In conclusion, our results provide support for high mesenteric melatonin levels and dynamic de novo gut melatonin production, both of which increase endogenously in response to major thermal injury, but appear to fall short of abrogating the excessive postburn hyper-inflammation. Moreover, supplementation by exogenous melatonin significantly suppresses gut inflammation, thus confirming that melatonin is protective against postburn inflammation.
Short-Term and Two-Year Rate of Recurrent Cerebrovascular Events in Patients with Acute Cerebral Ischemia of Undetermined Aetiology, with and without a Patent Foramen Ovale

Purpose. We investigated stroke recurrence in patients with acute ischemic stroke of undetermined aetiology, with or without a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Methods. Consecutive stroke patients underwent to Transcranial Doppler and Transesophageal Echocardiography for PFO detection. Secondary stroke prevention was based on current guidelines. Results. PFO was detected in 57/129 (44%) patients. The rate of recurrent stroke did not significantly differ between patients with and without a PFO: 0.0% versus 1.4% (1 week), 1.7% versus 2.7% (1 month), and 3.5% versus 4.2% (3 months), respectively. The 2-year rates were 10.4% (5/48) in medically treated PFO and 8.3% (6/72) in PFO-negative patients (P = 0.65), with a relative risk of 1.25. No recurrent events occurred in 9 patients treated with percutaneous closure of PFO. Conclusion. PFO was not associated with increased rate of recurrent stroke. Age-related factors associated with stroke recurrence in cryptogenic stroke should be taken into account when patients older than 55 years are included in PFO studies.
Challenges for maintenance of PLC-software and its related hardware for automated production systems: Selected industrial Case Studies

The specific challenges for maintenance of software and its related hardware for the domain of automated Production Systems is discussed. Presenting four industrial case studies from renowned and world market leading German machine and plant manufacturing companies, these challenges and different solution approaches are introduced with a focus on software architectures to support modularity as a basis for maintaining long-living automated Production Systems. Additionally, most critical aspects hindering classical approaches from software engineering to be successful, e.g., modes of operation and fault handling, are discussed. In the last decades, research in the field of software engineering for automated Production Systems (aPS) has been focusing on developing domain specific model-driven engineering approaches supporting the development process, but mostly neglecting the operation, maintenance and re-engineering aspects. However, the success of model-driven engineering in aPS industry has been limited because the effort to introduce model-driven engineering and to change the entire existing legacy software is estimated as too high and the benefit as too low against the background of customer specific solutions expecting a low degree of reuse.
Dramatic Increases in Obesity and Overweight Prevalence among Asian Subgroups in the United States, 1992–2011

We examined trends in adult obesity and overweight prevalence among major Asian/Pacific Islander (API) subgroups and the non-Hispanic whites from 1992 to 2011. Using 1992–2011 National Health Interview Surveys, obesity, overweight, and BMI differentials were analyzed by logistic, linear, and log-linear regression. Between 1992 and 2011, obesity prevalence doubled for the Chinese, the Asian Indians, the Japanese, and the Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders; and tripled for the Filipinos. Obesity prevalence among API adults tripled from 3.7% in 1992 to 13.3% in 2010, and overweight prevalence doubled from 23.2% to 43.1%. Immigrants in each API subgroup had lower prevalence than their US-born counterparts, with immigrants' obesity and overweight risks increasing with increasing duration of residence. During 2006–2011, obesity prevalence ranged from 3.3% for Chinese immigrants to 22.3% for the US-born Filipinos and 41.1% for the Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders. The Asian Indians, the Filipinos, and the Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders had, respectively, 3.1, 3.8, and 10.9 times higher odds of obesity than those of the Chinese adults. Compared with Chinese immigrants, the adjusted odds of obesity were 3.5–4.6 times higher for the US-born Chinese and the foreign-born Filipinos, 9 times higher for the US-born Filipinos and whites, 3.8–5.5 times higher for the US-born and foreign-born Asian Indians, and 21.9 times higher for the Native Hawaiians. Substantial ethnic heterogeneity and rising prevalence underscore the need for increased monitoring of obesity and obesity-related risk factors among API subgroups.
Renegar's Condition Number and Compressed Sensing Performance

Renegar's condition number is a data-driven computational complexity measure for convex programs, generalizing classical condition numbers in linear systems. We provide evidence that for a broad class of compressed sensing problems, the worst case value of this algorithmic complexity measure taken over all signals matches the restricted eigenvalue of the observation matrix, which controls compressed sensing performance. This means that, in these problems, a single parameter directly controls computational complexity and recovery performance.
Generalized Calder\'on conditions and regular orbit spaces

The construction of generalized continuous wavelet transforms on locally compact abelian groups A from quasi-regular representations of a semidirect product group G = A ⋊ H acting on L(A) requires the existence of a square-integrable function whose Plancherel transform satisfies Calderón-type resolution of the identity. The question then arises under what conditions such square-integrable functions exist. The existing literature on this subject leaves a gap between sufficient and necessary criteria. In this paper, we give a characterization in terms of the natural action of the dilation group H on the character group of A. We first prove that a Calderón-type resolution of the identity gives rise to a decomposition of Plancherel measure of A into measures on the dual orbits, and then show that the latter property is equivalent to regularity conditions on the orbit space of the dual action. Thus we obtain, for the first time, sharp necessary and sufficient criteria for the existence of a wavelet inversion formula. As a byproduct and special case of our results we obtain that discrete series subrepresentations of the quasiregular representation correspond precisely to dual orbits with positive Plancherel measure and associated compact stabilizers. Only sufficiency of the conditions was previously known.
A Correlational Study of Teacher Burnout in Elementary Schools in Georgia

Educational research has identified the importance of understanding the relationship between teacher burnout and teacher self-efficacy. Previous studies examined the relationship of teacher burnout to teacher self-efficacy, more focused research is needed in order to understand the relationship in regards to teaching in Title I and Title I Focus schools. This quantitative correlational study examined the relationship between teacher burnout and self-efficacy for teachers working in Title I and Title I Focus schools. This study also investigated which factors predicted burnout. A convenience sample of 87 teachers from four urban Georgia elementary Title I and Title I Focus schools with similar demographics during the 2017-2018 school year participated in the study by taking the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) to measure selfefficacy and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to measure burnout. Pearson ProductMoment Correlations and standard multiple regression analyses were used to determine the factors that predicted burnout on the dimensions of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA) in elementary teachers. The study found a significant correlation between teacher burnout and self-efficacy for teachers working in Title I and Title I Focus schools. Significant relationships were determined through the data analysis of teacher burnout and self-efficacy, Title I schools, and Title I Focus schools. Results of the study support additional research to deepen the understanding of teacher burnout and self-efficacy in schools.