Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and comparison of performance analysis of indoor inertial navigation system based on foot mounted IMU

This paper proposes to verify the performance & error analysis of pedestrian indoor navigation system using commercially available low-cost inertial sensors. This self-contained approach employs Euler for attitude representation, where the estimation problem is formulated as an Extended Kalman filter (EKF) for INS strap down mechanization equations. The algorithm outputs are the foot kinematic parameters, which include foot orientation, position, velocity, acceleration, and stance phase. The approach is based on a zero-velocity update (ZUPT), Zero angular rate update (ZARU), Heuristic heading drift reduction (HDR) algorithms. The main contribution of the paper is to compare and analyse the heading drift reduction algorithms on Kalman-based IEZ platform and estimating the return position error. Orientation is then determined from the foot's initialized from accelerometer sensor information. Finally, we evaluated using experiments, including both short distance walking with different patterns and long distance walking performed in indoor.
Hemichrome formation observed in human haemoglobin A under various buffer conditions.

AIM To observe hemichrome formation in human haemoglobin A under various buffer conditions. METHOD Hemichrome formation of human oxyhaemoglobin A (HbO2) was studied spectrophotometrically in 0.1 m buffer at various temperatures and pH values. RESULTS Following autoxidation in ferrous HbO2, it was evident that formation of hemichrome, which tends to precipitate, occurred at various stages during the course of the autoxidation reaction namely at initial, intermediate or final stages, depending on temperature and pH of the solution. By varying temperature of the solution from 35 to 55 degrees C and pH from 4.5 to 10.5, it is shown here that HbO2 exhibits high susceptibility for hemichrome formation and its occurrence is a function of pH, temperature and progress of autoxidation of HbO2. Unlike HbO2 and its separated haemoglobin chains, monomeric bovine heart myoglobin (MbO2) did not easily form hemichrome. CONCLUSION These findings provide a clue on the crucial role of haemoglobin molecule for senescent cell recognition or homeostasis in the blood circulation.
Bending Analysis of Symmetrically Laminated Plates

In the classical plate theory, it is assumed that the plane cross sections initially normal to the plate midsurface before deformation remain plane and normal to that surface during deformation. This is the result of neglecting the transverse shear strains. However, in thick and moderately thick laminated plates, significant transverse shear strains occur, and the theory gives inaccurate results for the plates. So, it is obvious that the shear strains have to be taken into account. There are numerous theories of plates and laminated plates that include the transverse shear strains. One of them is the Reissner and Midlin theory , known as the first-order shear deformation theory, which defines the displacement field as linear variations of midplane displacements. This theory, where the relation between the resultant shear forces and the shear strains is obtained by using shear correction factors, has some advantages due to its simplicity and low computational cost. Some other plate theories, namely the higher-order shear deformation theories, include the effect of transverse shear strains . For example, the theory developed by Reddy allows not only for the transverse shear strains, but also for parabolic variations in the strains across the plate thickness, and thus there is no need to use shear correction coefficients in computing the shear stresses. The present stud is a survey of plate bending of cross-ply laminate by using the finite element method (F.E.M). Using ANSYS, the most known software in the domain for it, two types of modeling are proposed: the first is modeling using a type of shell element, Shell 99 and the second is an approach based on a of type solid
The Determinants of Market Frictions in the Corporate Market

We construct an empirical measure of market frictions in the corporate market based on the difference between the corporate bond spread and the credit default swap spread for a large number of firms in a new, large dataset that we construct. Under fairly standard assumptions, the two spreads should be equal; if they diverge, we argue that significant market frictions are present that prevent investors' from arbitraging away what in effect are opportunities to earn a risk-free profit. We find that, after accounting for several technical factors, the measure changes over time in coincidence with well-known events that affected the corporate market in the past several years. In addition, several macroeconomic and financial variables appear to account for a substantial part of the changes in corporate market frictions over time. We also conduct an event-study type of analysis to relate our measure to monetary-policy-related events, such as changes in the target federal funds rate, speeches by Federal Reserve officials, and data releases that are closely followed by FOMC observers, such as the monthly employment reports and CPI releases
Re-Occupancy of Breeding Territories by Ferruginous Hawks in Wyoming: Relationships to Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors

Grassland and shrubland birds are declining globally due in part to anthropogenic habitat modification. Because population performance of these species is also influenced by non-anthropogenic factors, it is important to incorporate all relevant ecological drivers into demographic models. We used design-based sampling and occupancy models to test relationships of environmental factors that influence raptor demographics with re-occupancy of breeding territories by ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis) across Wyoming, USA, 2011–2013. We also tested correlations of territory re-occupancy with oil and gas infrastructure—a leading cause of habitat modification throughout the range of this species of conservation concern. Probability of re-occupancy was not related to any covariates we investigated in 2011, had a strong negative relationship with cover of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) in 2012, was slightly higher for territories with artificial platforms than other nest substrates in 2013, and had a positive relationship with abundance of ground squirrels (Urocitellus spp.) that was strong in 2012 and weak in 2013. Associations with roads were weak and varied by year, road-type, and scale: in 2012, re-occupancy probability had a weak positive correlation with density of roads not associated with oil and gas fields at the territory-scale; however, in 2013 re-occupancy had a very weak negative correlation with density of oil and gas field roads near nest sites (≤500 m). Although our results indicate re-occupancy of breeding territories by ferruginous hawks was compatible with densities of anthropogenic infrastructure in our study area, the lack of relationships between oil and gas well density and territory re-occupancy may have occurred because pre-treatment data were unavailable. We used probabilistic sampling at a broad spatial extent, methods to account for imperfect detection, and conducted extensive prey sampling; nonetheless, future research using before-after-control-impact designs is needed to fully assess impacts of oil and gas development on ferruginous hawks.
Incentives in Obesity and Health Insurance

Health insurance is widely regarded as essential for financing the production of good health, but is insurance always beneficial for our health? Ex ante moral hazard may induce individuals with insurance to engage in behaviors that they otherwise would not undertake in the absence of insurance. Using data from the 1993-2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we attempt to isolate the effects of ex ante moral hazard to determine the potential consequence of having health insurance on measures of body weight. In our analyses, we control for a variety of confounding factors that may influence body weight and address the endogenous nature of health insurance. Our results suggest that having insurance is associated with higher body mass but not the probability of being obese.
A New Vector Waveform Inversion Algorithm for Simultaneous Updating of Conductivity and Permittivity Parameters From Combination Crosshole/Borehole-to-Surface GPR Data

We have developed a new full-waveform groundpenetrating radar (GPR) multicomponent inversion scheme for imaging the shallow subsurface using arbitrary recording configurations. It yields significantly higher resolution images than conventional tomographic techniques based on first-arrival times and pulse amplitudes. The inversion is formulated as a nonlinear least squares problem in which the misfit between observed and modeled data is minimized. The full-waveform modeling is implemented by means of a finite-difference time-domain solution of Maxwell's equations. We derive here an iterative gradient method in which the steepest descent direction, used to update iteratively the permittivity and conductivity distributions in an optimal way, is found by cross-correlating the forward vector wavefield and the backward-propagated vectorial residual wavefield. The formulation of the solution is given in a very general, albeit compact and elegant, fashion. Each iteration step of our inversion scheme requires several calculations of propagating wavefields. Novel features of the scheme compared to previous full-waveform GPR inversions are as follows: 1) The permittivity and conductivity distributions are updated simultaneously (rather than consecutively) at each iterative step using improved gradient and step length formulations; 2) the scheme is able to exploit the full vector wavefield; and 3) various data sets/survey types (e.g., crosshole and borehole-to-surface) can be individually or jointly inverted. Several synthetic examples involving both homogeneous and layered stochastic background models with embedded anomalous inclusions demonstrate the superiority of the new scheme over previous approaches.
Children's goals and strategies in peer conflict situations.

This study was designed to investigate whether children's goals in peer conflict situations are related to the strategies they propose for resolving conflicts and to learn how children's strategies relate to their acceptance by the peer group. Fourth through sixth-grade children (80 boys, 62 girls) were asked about their goals and strategies in response to 12 hypothetical peer conflict situations. Results indicated that children's strategies for responding to peer conflicts differed according to their goal orientation. Furthermore, children's selection of strategies correlated with peer acceptance, although the linkages were different for boys and girls. Peer acceptance was negatively related to hostile/coercive strategies for girls, and negatively to adult seeking strategies for boys. Implications of the present findings for social skills intervention are discussed.
Hydraulic Tomography and High-Resolution Slug Testing to Determine Hydraulic Conductivity Distributions - Year 3

Abstract : A considerable body of research has shown that the major control on the transport and fate of a pollutant as it moves through an aquifer is the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity. A number of theories have been developed to quantify, in a generic sense, the influence of the subsurface variations in hydraulic conductivity. It is becoming increasingly apparent, however, that site specific features of the hydraulic conductivity distribution (such as high conductivity zones) need to be quantified in order to reliably predict contaminant movement. Since spatial changes in hydraulic conductivity are a major factor governing the transport and fate of a pollutant as it moves through an aquifer, we have focused on the development of new innovative methods to delineate these spatial changes. The objective of the research proposed here is to build on our previous research to develop and improve field techniques for better definition of the three-dimensional spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity by using hydraulic tomography coupled with high resolution slug testing. The research proposed here is directed at developing techniques with the ability to map 3-D hydraulic conductivity distributions.
Earnings Over the Life Cycle: The Mincer Earnings Function and its Applications

In 1958 Jacob Mincer pioneered an important approach to understand how earnings are distributed across the population. In the years since Mincer's seminal work, he as well as his students and colleagues extended the original human capital model, reaching important conclusions about a whole array of observations pertaining to human well-being. This line of research explained why education enhances earnings; why earnings rise at a diminishing rate throughout one's life; why earnings growth is smaller for those anticipating intermittent labor force participation; why males earn more than females; why whites earn more than blacks; why occupational distributions differ by gender; why geographic and job mobility predominate among the young; and why numerous other labor market phenomena occur. This paper surveys the answers to these and other questions based on research emanating from Mincer's original earnings function specification.
Bridging the gap between signal and power

This article focuses on problems and issues related to PQ and power system diagnostics, in particular those where signal processing techniques are extremely important. PQ is a general term that describes the quality of voltage and current waveforms. PQ problems include all electric power problems or disturbances in the supply system that prevent end-user equipment from operating properly.
Prevention of migraine in the pill-free interval of combined oral contraceptives: A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study using natural oestrogen supplements

Context Migraine in the pill-free interval of combined oral contraceptives is reported by many women, but there is little published information on possible mechanisms and treatments. Objective To determine whether the use of natural oestrogen patches affected the occurrence and severity of migraine during the pill-free interval. Design A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, crossover study. Setting The City of London Migraine Clinic. Participants Fourteen women with migraine during the pill-free interval. Interventions 50 μg oestradiol patches (Evorel™) used during the pill-free interval for two cycles versus placebo for two cycles (total four cycles). Main outcome measures Number of pill-free intervals (zero, one or two) during which migraine occurred; number of days of migraine; severity of migraine; number of days of migraine accompanied by nausea, vomiting and/or photophobia. Results Complete data were available for 12 women and for two cycles for one woman. Use of 50 μg oestrogen patches during the pill-free interval showed a trend towards reducing the frequency and severity of migraine. Discussion These results were not as good as expected. However, we had originally aimed for 20 eligible women to participate in the trial, but only 14 were recruited and only 12 completed the study with full data for analysis. Conclusion The results of this pilot study suggest that use of 50 μg oestrogen patches during the pill-free interval may reduce the frequency and severity of migraine at that time. This study should be repeated with larger numbers of women and a higher dose of oestrogen.
The Arabidopsis Photomorphogenic Mutant hy1 Is Deficient in Phytochrome Chromophore Biosynthesis as a Result of a Mutation in a Plastid Heme Oxygenase

The HY1 locus of Arabidopsis is necessary for phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis and is defined by mutants that show a long hypocotyl phenotype when grown in the light. We describe here the molecular cloning of the HY1 gene by using chromosome walking and mutant complementation. The product of the HY1 gene shows significant similarity to animal heme oxygenases and contains a possible transit peptide for transport to plastids. Heme oxygenase activity was detected in the HY1 protein expressed in Escherichia coli. Heme oxygenase catalyzes the oxygenation of heme to biliverdin, an activity that is necessary for phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis. The predicted transit peptide is sufficient to transport the green fluorescent protein into chloroplasts. The accumulation of the HY1 protein in plastids was detected by using immunoblot analysis with an anti-HY1 antiserum. These results indicate that the Arabidopsis HY1 gene encodes a plastid heme oxygenase necessary for phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis.
Classification of Brain Metastases Prognostic Groups Utilizing Artificial Neural Network Approaches

Objective: The purpose of this investigation is to explore the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) based prognostic index compared to traditional logistic regression (LR) modeling and other published prognostic indices (PI) in classifying survival among patients with brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiotherapy. Methods: A database of 460 patients having received either stereotactic radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy brain radiotherapy was utilized and divided into three sub-databases for ANN/LR analysis: a testing dataset, n=276 (65%); a cross-validation dataset for training, n=69 (15%); and a validation dataset, n=115 (25%). The primary endpoint of survival was classified into one of three categories: unfavorable survival ( six months) endpoint classifications. ANNs were optimized in terms of model structure, complexity, and a cost optimization algorithm and then compared to both LR and published PIs in terms of classification accuracy (CA) and total major misclassification rates (TMMR) according to the three category survival scheme. Results: CA and TMMR for the nine published PIs for the total database (n=460) ranged from 3453% and 4-11%, respectively. Both the LR and ANN approaches (in the validation database) were over 10% superior to the best existing PI system in terms of CA (LR/ANN 62.6%, published prognostic indices 27-49%) with a similar rate of TMMR (LR 7.8%, ANN 6.1%, published prognostic indices 2-17%).
A physicians' decision-making process in prescribing an artificial pancreas is influenced by their perceived social expectations of patients.

There is a vast literature on technology acceptance and the intention to use new technologies for specific groups of people. However, the current works provide contrasting evidence of the influence of the subjective norm on the intention to use a new technology. This research focuses on 54 Dutch, German and Austrian physicians specialized in diabetes and the use of a new medical device known as the artificial pancreas. The study utilizes an adaptation of the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior approach and tests the subjective norm as a one-dimensional belief construct alongside several multi-dimensional belief constructs represented by the social referent groups of physicians, both in a combined setting (one construct) and separately (four distinct constructs), through regression analysis. The findings conclude that while the subjective norm is found to be a significant positive determinant of the intention to use or prescribe an artificial pancreas, it provides an insufficient accordance of the distinct social referent groups involved with the sample, as only the patient referent group exhibits a similar significant positive relationship. The fact that patients exercise a strong influence on physicians’ decision-making reveals an interesting marketing approach to be heeded by companies producing and marketing an artificial pancreas, or a similar implant or prosthetic, as stimulating patient demand may lead to an increase in physicians’ usage or prescribance intentions.
KBANNS and the Classification of 31 P MRS of Malignant Mammary Tissues

Knowledge-based artificial neural networks (KBANNs) is a hybrid methodology that combines knowledge of a domain in the form of simple rules with connectionist learning. This combination allows the use of small sets of data (typical of medical diagnosis tasks) to train the network. The initial structure is set from the dependencies of a set of rules and it is only necessary to refine these rules by training. In this paper we present such KBANNs with a topology derived from knowledge elicited from the domain of metabolic features of malignant mammary tissues. KBANN performance is assessed over the classification of 26 in vivo P-31 spectra of normal and cancerous breast tissues. Results presented in this paper confirm the suitability of KBANNs a computational aid capable of classifying complex and limited data in a medical domain. The present study is part of an ongoing investigation into normal and abnormal breast physiology which may allow non-invasive early detection of breast cancer [27,28].
Quality of Scar after Total Thyroidectomy: A Single Blinded Randomized Trial Comparing Octyl-Cyanoacrylate and Subcuticular Absorbable Suture

Objective. To compare the quality of resulting scar at 6 weeks after total thyroidectomy with the use of the tissue adhesive octyl-cyanoacrylate or subcuticular absorbable suture for the closure of cervicotomy. Material and Methods. There are 50 patients undergoing a cervicotomy for total thyroidectomy. Twenty-five patients were randomly assigned to closure with tissue adhesive and 25 with subcuticular absorbable suture. At week 6 the scar was evaluated by blinded assessors with the Italian version of POSAS questionnaire, a validated wound scale composed of an observer's and a patient's subscale. Results. Assessment of scar appearance showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0. 038) in favor of subcuticular suture with respect to tissue adhesive on observer's assessment. The difference on patients' self-assessment was not significant. A multivariate analysis of six qualitative features of scars showed a significant influence on assessment for hyperpigmentation and relief of scar. The Italian version of POSAS proved to be reliable. Conclusion. Though tissue adhesive represents a valid method of skin closure, subcuticular absorbable suture provides a better aesthetic outcome in small cervical incisions in the early phase after thyroid surgery.