Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIV-associated large-vessel vasculopathy: a review of the current and emerging clinicopathological spectrum in vascular surgical practice

Abstract An established relationship exists between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the vascular system, which is characterised by clinical expressions of aneurysmal and occlusive disease that emanate from a common pathological process. The exact pathogenesis is currently unknown; attempts to implicate opportunistic pathogens have been futile. Theories converge on leucocytoclastic vasculitis with the vaso vasora as the vasculopathic epicentre. It is thought that the virus itself or viral proteins trigger the release of inflammatory mediators that cause endothelial dysfunction and smooth muscle proliferation leading to vascular injury and thrombosis. The beneficial effects of highly active anti-retroviral therapy alter the natural history of the disease profile and promote longevity but are negated by cardiovascular complications. Atherosclerosis is an emerging challenge. Presently patients are managed by standard surgical protocols because of non-existent universal surgical interventional guidelines. Clinical response to treatment is variable and often compounded by complications of graft occlusion, sepsis and poor wound healing. The clinical, imaging and pathological observations position HIV-associated large-vessel vasculopathy as a unique entity. This review highlights the spectrum of HIV-associated large-vessel aneurysmal, occlusive and atherosclerotic disease in vascular surgical practice.
Heterogeneity in the WTP for recreational access: distributional aspects

In this study we have addressed appropriate modelling of heterogeneity in willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental goods, and have demonstrated its importance using a case of forest access in Denmark. We compared WTP distributions for four models: (1) a multinomial logit model, (2) a mixed logit model assuming a univariate Normal distribution, (3) or assuming a multivariate Normal distribution allowing for correlation across attributes, and (4) a mixture of two truncated Normal distributions, allowing for correlation among attributes. In the first two models mean WTP for enhanced access was negative. However, models accounting for preference heterogeneity found a positive mean WTP, but a large sub-group with negative WTP. Accounting for preference heterogeneity can alter overall conclusions, which highlights the importance of this for policy recommendations.
Body shape concerns among adolescents

The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) is a 34-item self-report questionnaire that measures the degree of body shape dissatisfaction. To date, the BSQ has not been used with adolescents. The present study compared the BSQ scores of five adolescent subject samples: Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Subclinical Bulimia Nervosa (SB), Subdinical Anorexia Nervosa (SA), and non-eating-disordered adolescent females (Q. Results show that patients with BN have the highest levels of body dissatisfaction. All clinical groups had higher BSQ scores than subjects in the comparison sample but only the BN patients had significantly higher scores. The mean BSQ score for the Comparison group was higher than published means for non-eating-disordered adult samples. The two major findings of the study are that significant body shape concerns are particular features of patients with bulimia nervosa but that some body shape concerns are common among non-eating-disordered adolescent females.
Semi-supervised learning : from Gaussian fields to Gaussian processes

Abstract: "We show that the Gaussian random fields and harmonic energy minimizing function framework for semi-supervised learning can be viewed in terms of Gaussian processes, with covariance matrices derived from the graph Laplacian. We derive hyperparameter learning with evidence maximization, and give an empirical study of various ways to parameterize the graph weights. "
Fine‐tuning the prediction of sequences cleaved by signal peptidase II: A curated set of proven and predicted lipoproteins of Escherichia coli K‐12

A curated set of 81 proven and 44 predicted lipoproteins of Escherichia coli K‐12 was defined with the combined use of a literature survey, a variety of predictive tools and human expertise. The well‐documented Gram‐negative proteome of E. coli K‐12 was chosen to assess how the different approaches complement each other and to ensure a stable definition of a consistent set of lipoproteins. The results of detailed analysis of such proteins at the level of a single proteome are presented, corroborated and rationalized.
Temporary Endoscopic Stimulation in Gastroparesis-like Syndrome

Background/Aims Gastroparesis-like syndrome (GLS) is defined as gastroparesis-like symptoms with normal gastric scintigraphy. While the efficacy of gastric electrical stimulation (GES) in gastroparesis is well known, the utility of GES in GLS is largely unknown. Our aim was to clarify the role of GES in GLS. We implanted consecutive patients with symptoms of gastroparesis with temporary gastric electrical stimulation and observed changes in gastric scintigraphy and total symptom score. Methods Five hundred and fifty-one patients suffering from symptoms of gastroparesis (nausea, vomiting, bloating/distension, anorexia/early satiety, and abdominal pain) with negative endoscopy underwent gastric scintigraphy with analysis of 1) solid radio-nuclide gastric emptying at 1, 2, and 4 hours (% remaining); 2) area under the gastric emptying curve (AUC) at 1, 2, and 4 hours; and 3) total gastric emptying test (GET) (the sum of 1, 2, and 4 hour values). Patients were stratified into: delayed gastric emptying, normal gastric emptying, and rapid gastric emptying (Appendix). Of the 551 patients in the larger cohort, 379 had implantation of temporary gastric electrical stimulation (tGES). Gastrointestinal symptoms and gastric emptying were com -pared pre and post tGES implantation. Results After tGES, 2 hour gastric retention decreased (P < 0.01) for the delayed patients, and increased (P < 0.001) for normal and rapid patients. These changes were accompanied by improvements (P < 0.001) in vomiting, nausea, and total symptom scores in all 3 subgroups. Conclusions Gastric electrical stimulation may be an effective therapy for treating the symptoms of gastroparesis with normal gastric emptying. Further exploration of endoscopic electrical stimulation as a treatment for gastroparesis-like symptoms with non-delayed gastric emptying is needed.
Fracture Resistance of Tilted Premolars Restored with Different Post-Core Systems

Aims and Objective: To assess the effect of root tilt on the fracture resistance and failure pattern of endodontically-treated premolars restored with different post-core systems. Materials and Methods: Ninety endodontically-treated premolars were mounted in acrylic blocks with 0°, 12°, and 24° axial root tilt. Teeth in each group were restored in three subgroups with cast post-core, readymade metal posts and composite cores, and fiber post and composite cores. Crowns of all teeth were prepared coinciding with the long axis of the acrylic blocks to receive all-ceramic crowns. All restored teeth were stressed to record the maximum load at failure and the associated failure pattern. The collected data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA, Tukey's, and Kruskal–Wallis tests at α = 0.05 on past software to detect any differences between subgroups. Results: Analysis of the collected data indicated significant differences between the tested subgroups (ANOVA, P = 3.86). Further analysis showed significant difference between all test subgroups and the control (Tukey's, P < 0.05). In general, teeth with 0° tilt seemed more resistant to fracture than the tilted ones. For all groups, teeth restored with fiber post and composite cores (SG3) were more resistant to fracture compared to other post-core systems (SG1 and SG2) (Tukey's, P < 0.05). The root fracture was the most commonly seen mode of failure. Conclusions: Root tilting usually affects the fracture resistance of teeth restored with post-core systems. The fiber post and composite cores seemed to be the best choice to restore teeth with different root tilting possibilities.
A conceptual model of labour turnover and retention

While the importance of skill formation has been widely acknowledged in recent years, the issue of skill retention has been relatively neglected. Employers see little point in raising skills in sectors where a high proportion of individuals will leave, yet failure to invest in training and development may contribute to higher labour turnover. Drawing upon an extensive literature review, this paper develops a conceptual model of labour turnover and retention that distinguishes four stages in the processes affecting an individual's intention to quit, and actual separation from the job. Potential solutions that might reduce the quit rate and retain skilled labour are proposed in relation to these four stages.
Estimation of 3D shape from image orientations

One of the main functions of vision is to estimate the 3D shape of objects in our environment. Many different visual cues, such as stereopsis, motion parallax, and shading, are thought to be involved. One important cue that remains poorly understood comes from surface texture markings. When a textured surface is slanted in 3D relative to the observer, the surface patterns appear compressed in the retinal image, providing potentially important information about 3D shape. What is not known, however, is how the brain actually measures this information from the retinal image. Here, we explain how the key information could be extracted by populations of cells tuned to different orientations and spatial frequencies, like those found in the primary visual cortex. To test this theory, we created stimuli that selectively stimulate such cell populations, by “smearing” (filtering) images of 2D random noise into specific oriented patterns. We find that the resulting patterns appear vividly 3D, and that increasing the strength of the orientation signals progressively increases the sense of 3D shape, even though the filtering we apply is physically inconsistent with what would occur with a real object. This finding suggests we have isolated key mechanisms used by the brain to estimate shape from texture. Crucially, we also find that adapting the visual system's orientation detectors to orthogonal patterns causes unoriented random noise to look like a specific 3D shape. Together these findings demonstrate a crucial role of orientation detectors in the perception of 3D shape.
When rapport building extends beyond affiliation: communication overaccommodation toward patients with disabilities.

INTRODUCTION Physician rapport with patients is described as a vital component of relationship-centered care, but rapport-building communication behaviors may exceed boundaries and instead indicate patronizing behavior toward patients with disabilities. This paper addresses the types of communication behaviors and contexts for interpreting when rapport building extends beyond boundaries toward patients with disabilities. METHODS Videotaped interactions between third- and fourth-year medical students (N = 142) and standardized patient educators with physical disabilities were qualitatively analyzed. RESULTS Results suggest six primary themes of exceeding expected rapport boundaries, including baby talk (ie, exaggerated nonverbal gestures and "we" language to indicate "you"), kinesic movement (ie, stiff posture and awkward handshakes), vocalics (ie, volume or pitch that interfered with the flow of conversation), relationship assumptions (ie, communicating assumptions that relationships were grounded in care-receiving), emotional divergence from patient disclosure (ie, minimizing or embellishing disability), and inconsistency with patient emotional cues (ie, responding to negative or neutral disclosure by overly accentuating positive interpretation). DISCUSSION This study suggests that communication behaviors generally described as positive, rapport-building behaviors can pose negative implications when they exceed the expected quantity or duration, when they are inconsistent with patient verbal disclosure, or when verbal and nonverbal messages are inconsistent. Identified themes serve as examples to understand when rapport building exceeds beyond affiliation and instead appears to indicate patronizing behavior toward patients with disabilities. Suggestions for interpreting communication behaviors within the context of patient disclosure and building capacity to distinguish attitudes and biases limiting communication are addressed.
Hierarchical LSTMs with Joint Learning for Estimating Customer Satisfaction from Contact Center Calls

This paper presents a joint modeling of both turn-level and calllevel customer satisfaction in contact center dialogue. Our key idea is to directly apply turn-level estimation results to call-level estimation and optimize them jointly; previous work treated both estimations as being independent. Proposed joint modeling is achieved by stacking two types of long short-term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNNs). The lower layer employs LSTM-RNN for sequential labeling of turn-level customer satisfaction in which each label is estimated from context information extracted from not only the target turn but also the surrounding turns. The upper layer uses another LSTMRNN to estimate call-level customer satisfaction labels from all information of estimated turn-level customer satisfaction. These two networks can be efficiently optimized by joint learning of both types of labels. Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms a conventional support vector machine based method in terms of both turn-level and call-level customer satisfaction with relative error reductions of over 20%.
Development of gaze aversion : Qualitative changes over the early school years

Looking away from an interlocutor's face during demanding cognitive activity can help adults and children answer challenging mental-arithmetic and verbal-reasoning questions (Glenberg, Schroeder, & Robertson, 1998; Phelps, Doherty-Sneddon, & Warnock, 2006). Whilst such `gaze aversion' (GA) is used far less by 5-year-old schoolchildren, its use increases dramatically during the first years of primary education, reaching adult levels by 8 years of age (Doherty-Sneddon, Bruce, Bonner, Longbotham, & Doyle, 2002). The current study investigates whether developmental changes also occur in a qualitative aspect of GA - the direction of movement involved in GA shifts. Video data from eighteen 5-year-olds and nineteen 8-year-olds answering verbal and arithmetic questions were analysed for direction of GA. We found very different profiles of direction of GA across the two ages: whilst the 5-year-olds used predominantly rapid multidirectional `flicking' movements and some sustained left lateral movements, the 8-year-olds used predominantly sustained rightward movements. It is concluded that there are concomitant qualitative changes in the nature of GA shifts as well as quantitative increases in the use of GA across these age groups. A model of human attention in face-to-face interaction is discussed, as are implications for the assessment of children's learning and development.
A Review of Approaches to Empirical Research on the Resource-Based View of the Firm†

This study reviews empirical studies of the resource-based view (RBV) and examines methodological issues and new directions that will help to clarify the value and boundaries of the RBV. Through our comprehensive review of the research design and operationalization of resource-based constructs used in 125 empirical studies, we (1) discuss key empirical issues particularly important to RBV research, (2) illustrate how researchers have or have not overcome some of these challenges, and (3) highlight two important approaches that offer promise for sharpening the boundary conditions of the RBV: an integrative framework for RBV research and utilization of nonsignificant results.
On the Psychology of ‘As If’

This paper explores the role that fiction in the broad sense might play in psychology, as a tool both for theoretical understanding and for individual self-understanding. Using Hans Vaihinger’s Philosophy of ‘As If’ as a point of departure, I attempt to show that theoretical understanding and personal meaning making in psychology are based in fundamental ways on fictions, that is, on imaginative or counter-factual constructions that we operate on using a hypothetical or as if mode of thinking. I identify and give examples of four broad types of fictions that seem especially to inform psychological theorizing and personal meaning making. Each of these exemplifies the characteristics of counter-factual thinking and imaginative engagement that are taken to be criterial for fictional thinking in general. Some implications for hermeneutic and narrative inquiry in psychology are suggested.
Social stigma: The psychology of marked relationships

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Young Women in Conflict: Filipinas growing up in Australia

This paper discusses the tensions of adaptation as experienced by 72 young women, born in the Philippines or to immigrant mothers and resident in southeast, far west and far north Queensland, Australia. As illustrated, these women, aged 14-25 years, often have difficulty balancing their expectations with those of their families and of the society in which they live. Like most young Australians they experience some conflicts with parents, but the intersections of race, gender and culture may make it particularly difficult for young Filipinas to develop a sense of their own identity and place in society. The retention of Filipino values often isolates young women from their peers and excludes them from participating in activities considered an important part of growing up Australian, but the adoption of 'Australian' behaviors such as drinking and smoking is not necessarily accompanied by an enhanced sense of belonging.
The biogeophysical climatic impacts of anthropogenic land use change during the Holocene

Abstract. The first agricultural societies were established around 10 ka BP and had spread across much of Europe and southern Asia by 5.5 ka BP with resultant anthropogenic deforestation for crop and pasture land. Various studies (e.g. Joos et al., 2004; Kaplan et al., 2011; Mitchell et al., 2013) have attempted to assess the biogeochemical implications for Holocene climate in terms of increased carbon dioxide and methane emissions. However, less work has been done to examine the biogeophysical impacts of this early land use change. In this study, global climate model simulations with Hadley Centre Coupled Model version 3 (HadCM3) were used to examine the biogeophysical effects of Holocene land cover change on climate, both globally and regionally, from the early Holocene (8 ka BP) to the early industrial era (1850 CE). Two experiments were performed with alternative descriptions of past vegetation: (i) one in which potential natural vegetation was simulated by Top-down Representation of Interactive Foliage and Flora Including Dynamics (TRIFFID) but without land use changes and (ii) one where the anthropogenic land use model Kaplan and Krumhardt 2010 (KK10; Kaplan et al., 2009, 2011) was used to set the HadCM3 crop regions. Snapshot simulations were run at 1000-year intervals to examine when the first signature of anthropogenic climate change can be detected both regionally, in the areas of land use change, and globally. Results from our model simulations indicate that in regions of early land disturbance such as Europe and south-east Asia detectable temperature changes, outside the normal range of variability, are encountered in the model as early as 7 ka BP in the June–July–August (JJA) season and throughout the entire annual cycle by 2–3 ka BP. Areas outside the regions of land disturbance are also affected, with virtually the whole globe experiencing significant temperature changes (predominantly cooling) by the early industrial period. The global annual mean temperature anomalies found in our single model simulations were −0.22 at 1850 CE, −0.11 at 2 ka BP, and −0.03 °C at 7 ka BP. Regionally, the largest temperature changes were in Europe with anomalies of −0.83 at 1850 CE, −0.58 at 2 ka BP, and −0.24 °C at 7 ka BP. Large-scale precipitation features such as the Indian monsoon, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), and the North Atlantic storm track are also impacted by local land use and remote teleconnections. We investigated how advection by surface winds, mean sea level pressure (MSLP) anomalies, and tropospheric stationary wave train disturbances in the mid- to high latitudes led to remote teleconnections.
Assessment of Preschool Classroom Environments

The Preschool Assessment of the Classroom Environment (PACE) scale is described. The results from a pilot study involving 20 preschool classrooms showed that different aspects of the management, organization, and operation of classroom environments were significantly related to both caregiver and child outcomes. The particular pattern of findings confirmed the hypothesized relationships among the independent and dependent variables. The results are discussed in terms of the use of the PACE for proactively affecting the changes in the classroom ecology in order to produce changes in child behavior.
Sorting Signals, N-Terminal Modifications and Abundance of the Chloroplast Proteome

Characterization of the chloroplast proteome is needed to understand the essential contribution of the chloroplast to plant growth and development. Here we present a large scale analysis by nanoLC-Q-TOF and nanoLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) of ten independent chloroplast preparations from Arabidopsis thaliana which unambiguously identified 1325 proteins. Novel proteins include various kinases and putative nucleotide binding proteins. Based on repeated and independent MS based protein identifications requiring multiple matched peptide sequences, as well as literature, 916 nuclear-encoded proteins were assigned with high confidence to the plastid, of which 86% had a predicted chloroplast transit peptide (cTP). The protein abundance of soluble stromal proteins was calculated from normalized spectral counts from LTQ-Obitrap analysis and was found to cover four orders of magnitude. Comparison to gel-based quantification demonstrates that ‘spectral counting’ can provide large scale protein quantification for Arabidopsis. This quantitative information was used to determine possible biases for protein targeting prediction by TargetP and also to understand the significance of protein contaminants. The abundance data for 550 stromal proteins was used to understand abundance of metabolic pathways and chloroplast processes. We highlight the abundance of 48 stromal proteins involved in post-translational proteome homeostasis (including aminopeptidases, proteases, deformylases, chaperones, protein sorting components) and discuss the biological implications. N-terminal modifications were identified for a subset of nuclear- and chloroplast-encoded proteins and a novel N-terminal acetylation motif was discovered. Analysis of cTPs and their cleavage sites of Arabidopsis chloroplast proteins, as well as their predicted rice homologues, identified new species-dependent features, which will facilitate improved subcellular localization prediction. No evidence was found for suggested targeting via the secretory system. This study provides the most comprehensive chloroplast proteome analysis to date and an expanded Plant Proteome Database (PPDB) in which all MS data are projected on identified gene models.