Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a School-Based Helper Program on Adolescent Self-Image, Attitudes, and Behavior

This study examined the effects of participation in a school-based helper program on adolescents' self-image, attitudes, and behaviors. Seventh-grade students at the junior high where the program was implemented were divided into 2 functional groups, one of which was required to engage in volunteer helping activities for the remainder of the school year, whereas the other group engaged in no such service. It was hypothesized that Helper Program participants (n = 85) relative to nonparticipants (n = 86), and especially boys, would show improvement in 4 domains: self-image, commitment to school and community, problem behavior, and commitment to altruism. The results were gender specific: Participating boys showed positive changes in self-esteem, depressive affect, involvement, and problem behavior relative to other groups. The findings indicate that, with program modifications to augment potential benefits to girls, helper programs might become an important mechanism in producing positive life changes for adolescents.
Determinants of Participation in a Web-Based Health Risk Assessment and Consequences for Health Promotion Programs

Background The health risk assessment (HRA) is a type of health promotion program frequently offered at the workplace. Insight into the underlying determinants of participation is needed to evaluate and implement these interventions. Objective To analyze whether individual characteristics including demographics, health behavior, self-rated health, and work-related factors are associated with participation and nonparticipation in a Web-based HRA. Methods Determinants of participation and nonparticipation were investigated in a cross-sectional study among individuals employed at five Dutch organizations. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify determinants of participation and nonparticipation in the HRA after controlling for organization and all other variables. Results Of the 8431 employees who were invited, 31.9% (2686/8431) enrolled in the HRA. The online questionnaire was completed by 27.2% (1564/5745) of the nonparticipants. Determinants of participation were some periods of stress at home or work in the preceding year (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.08-2.42), a decreasing number of weekdays on which at least 30 minutes were spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (ORdayPA0.84, 95% CI 0.79-0.90), and increasing alcohol consumption. Determinants of nonparticipation were less-than-positive self-rated health (poor/very poor vs very good, OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08-0.81) and tobacco use (at least weekly vs none, OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46-0.90). Conclusions This study showed that with regard to isolated health behaviors (insufficient physical activity, excess alcohol consumption, and stress), those who could benefit most from the HRA were more likely to participate. However, tobacco users and those who rated their overall health as less than positive were less likely to participate. A strong communication strategy, with recruitment messages that take reasons for nonparticipation into account, could prove to be an essential tool for organizations trying to reach employees who are less likely to participate.
Unchained reaction

In this article we use the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal to illustrate a fundamental change in the contemporary American media environment: the virtual elimination of the gatekeeping role of the mainstream press. The new media environment, by providing virtually unlimited sources of political information (although these sources do not provide anything like an unlimited number of perspectives), undermines the idea that there are discrete gates through which political information passes: if there are no gates, there can be no gatekeepers. This article is part of a larger project in which we argue that alterations in the media environment have eroded the always uneasy distinction between news and entertainment. Overall, this erosion, one result of which is the collapse of the gatekeeping function, is rapidly undermining the commonsense assumptions used by both elites, citizens and scholars to understand the role of the media in a democratic society.
Goal striving, idiosyncratic deals, and job behavior

Summary Two important gaps remain to be filled in the idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) literature. First, it is unclear which employees are predisposed to seek and receive i-deals. Second, it is unclear how employees' perceptions of whether their coworkers are receiving i-deals affect their own i-deal experiences. This study proposed a theoretical model suggesting that (a) three key motivational goals identified in human development research, that is, achievement, status, and communion striving, predispose employees to seek and receive i-deals; (b) employees' perceptions of whether their coworkers are receiving i-deals moderate these relationships; and (c) employees' i-deals are related to their job behavior. Data collected from more than 400 working adults in Italy showed that employees' motivational goals (particularly achievement and status striving) were positively related to the levels of i-deals they received, and that these i-deals were in turn positively related to supervisors' assessments of their in-role job performance, voice behavior, and interpersonal citizenship behavior. High perceptions of the extent to which coworkers received i-deals further strengthened the relationship between status striving and employees' perceptions of their own i-deals, highlighting a trait-situation interactionist perspective on employees' i-deal experiences. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cys-113 and Cys-422 Form a High Affinity Metalloid Binding Site in the ArsA ATPase*

The arsRDABC operon of Escherichia coli plasmid R773 encodes the ArsAB extrusion pump for the trivalent metalloids As(III) and Sb(III). ArsA, the catalytic subunit has two homologous halves, A1 and A2. Each half has a consensus signal transduction domain that physically connects the nucleotide-binding domain to the metalloid-binding domain. The relation between metalloid binding by ArsA and transport through ArsB is unclear. In this study, direct metalloid binding to ArsA was examined. The results show that ArsA binds a single Sb(III) with high affinity only in the presence of Mg2+-nucleotide. Mutation of the codons for Cys-113 and Cys-422 eliminated Sb(III) binding to purified ArsA. C113A/C422A ArsA has basal ATPase activity similar to that of the wild type but lacks metalloid-stimulated activity. Accumulation of metalloid was assayed in intact cells, where reduced uptake results from active extrusion by the ArsAB pump. Cells expressing the arsAC113A/C422AB genes had an intermediate level of metalloid resistance and accumulation between those expressing only arsB alone and those expressing wild type arsAB genes. The results indicate that, whereas metalloid stimulation of ArsA activity enhances the ability of the pump to reduce the intracellular concentration of metalloid, high affinity binding of metalloid by ArsA is not obligatory for transport or resistance. Yet, in mixed populations of cells bearing either arsAB or arsAC113A/C422AB growing in subtoxic concentrations of arsenite, cells bearing wild type arsAB replaced cells with mutant arsAC113A/C422AB in less than 1 week, showing that the metalloid binding site confers an evolutionary advantage.
Estimation of Class-Size Effects, Using 'Maimonides' Rule': The Case of French Junior High Schools

Using a rich sample of students from French junior high schools with a panel structure, we obtain small but significant and negative effects of class size on probabilities of educational success, in grades 6 and 7. An 8 to 10 student reduction of class size puts the child of a non-educated mother on an equal footing with the child of a college-educated mother. These effects vanish in grades 8 and 9. We use Angrist and Lavy's (1999) theoretical class size (i.e., "Maimonides' rule") as an instrument for observed class size. This is possible, due to availability of total high school and total grade enrollment in each year, in our exceptional data set. We control for father occupation, mother education and other variables. Using a Probit framework to model transitions from one grade to another (and thus grade repetitions), we simultaneously estimate the student's probabilities of success over 4 years in junior high school. This is done while allowing a general covariance structure of the error terms that affect latent student-performance variables and class-size auxiliary equations.
Unsupervised learning of auditory filter banks using non-negative matrix factorisation

Non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) is an unsupervised learning technique that decomposes a non-negative data matrix into a product of two lower rank non-negative matrices. The non-negativity constraint results in a parts-based and often sparse representation of the data. We use NMF to factorise a matrix with spectral slices of continuous speech to automatically find a feature set for speech recognition. The resulting decomposition yields a filter bank design with remarkable similarities to perceptually motivated designs, supporting the hypothesis that human hearing and speech production are well matched to each other. We point out that the divergence cost criterion used by NMF is linearly dependent on energy, which may influence the design. We will however argue that this does not significantly affect the interpretation of our results. Furthermore, we compare our filter bank with several hearing models found in literature. Evaluating the filter bank for speech recognition shows that the same recognition performance is achieved as with classical MEL- based features.
Paraoxonase 1 status in keratoconus: a preliminary study of activity and polymorphism.

OBJECTIVE To determine the activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in keratoconus in a Malaysian population in comparison with non-keratoconic subjects. METHODS Clinical eye examinations were performed on patients with keratoconus and non-keratoconic subjects after questionnaires were completed. Blood samples were collected and subjected to spectrophotometric analysis of paraoxonase and diazoxonase activities for the determination of the status of PON1 of every individual. RESULTS Of the 11 keratoconic patients and 55 non-keratoconic control samples collected, eight patients of Indian ethnicity were keratoconic (73%), whereas 33 non-Indians were non-keratoconic (60%; p = 0.047). Paraoxonase activity was lower in Indians compared to the non-Indians ie Malays and Chinese (p = 0.008). Keratoconic subjects had a lower paraoxonase activity compared to non-keratoconics (p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS The reduced paraoxonase activity in keratoconic patients suggests that the keratoconic corneas were more susceptible to oxidative stress. Reduced paraoxonase activity and keratoconus status appears to be associated with ethnicity.
Northeast African genomic variation shaped by the continuity of indigenous groups and Eurasian migrations

Northeast Africa has a long history of human habitation, with fossil-finds from the earliest anatomically modern humans, and housing ancient civilizations. The region is also the gate-way out of Africa, as well as a portal for migration into Africa from Eurasia via the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula. We investigate the population history of northeast Africa by genotyping ~3.9 million SNPs in 221 individuals from 18 populations sampled in Sudan and South Sudan and combine this data with published genome-wide data from surrounding areas. We find a strong genetic divide between the populations from the northeastern parts of the region (Nubians, central Arab populations, and the Beja) and populations towards the west and south (Nilotes, Darfur and Kordofan populations). This differentiation is mainly caused by a large Eurasian ancestry component of the northeast populations likely driven by migration of Middle Eastern groups followed by admixture that affected the local populations in a north-to-south succession of events. Genetic evidence points to an early admixture event in the Nubians, concurrent with historical contact between North Sudanese and Arab groups. We estimate the admixture in current-day Sudanese Arab populations to about 700 years ago, coinciding with the fall of Dongola in 1315/1316 AD, a wave of admixture that reached the Darfurian/Kordofanian populations some 400–200 years ago. In contrast to the northeastern populations, the current-day Nilotic populations from the south of the region display little or no admixture from Eurasian groups indicating long-term isolation and population continuity in these areas of northeast Africa.
Defining HIV and SIV Reservoirs in Lymphoid Tissues

A primary obstacle to an HIV-1 cure is long-lived viral reservoirs, which must be eliminated or greatly reduced. Cure strategies have largely focused on monitoring changes in T cell reservoirs in peripheral blood (PB), even though the lymphoid tissues (LT) are primary sites for viral persistence. To track and discriminate viral reservoirs within tissue compartments we developed a specific and sensitive next-generation in situ hybridization approach to detect vRNA, including vRNA+ cells and viral particles (“RNAscope”), vDNA+ cells (“DNAscope”) and combined vRNA and vDNA with immunohistochemistry to detect and phenotype active and latently infected cells in the same tissue section. RNAscope is highly sensitive with greater speed of analysis compared to traditional in situ hybridization. The highly sensitive and specific DNAscope detected SIV/HIV vDNA+ cells, including duplexed detection of vDNA and vRNA or immunophenotypic markers in the same section. Analysis of LT samples from macaques prior to and during combination antiretroviral therapy demonstrated that B cell follicles are an important anatomical compartment for both latent and active viral persistence during treatment. These new tools should allow new insights into viral reservoir biology and evaluation of cure strategies.
Inclusion: Conceptualization and measurement

In the present research, we introduced a conceptual framework of inclusion and subsequently used this as a starting point to develop and validate a scale to measure perceptions of inclusion. Departing from existing work on inclusion and complementing this with theoretical insights from optimal distinctiveness theory and self-determination theory, we proposed that inclusion is a hierarchical two-dimensional concept consisting of perceptions of belonging and authenticity. In addition, we posed that in the process of inclusion, it is the group rather than the individual that has primary agency. From this conceptualization, we developed and validated the 16-item perceived group inclusion scale (PGIS). Data from two samples supported our proposed configuration of inclusion. In addition, the PGIS appeared to be a reliable measure of inclusion and was demonstrated to possess both nomological and predictive validity. Taken together, this research contributes to the conceptual refinement of the inclusion construct and offers researchers a reliable and valid tool to conduct future inclusion research
Learning from Narrated Animations with Different Support Procedures: Working Memory Capacity Matters

Summary The present experiment tested the effects of cueing (spotlights) and of verbal instructions in narrated animations on learning outcomes as well as potential moderator effects of working memory capacity (WMC). We found that the spotlight group dwelled longer on parts that were in the focus of the narration than a no-support group (control group). Despite higher levels of experienced difficulties, the no-support group had higher learning outcomes. More importantly, we found an aptitude–treatment interaction: Students with low WMC were impeded by verbal instruction, whereas students with high WMC were impeded by spotlights. Mediation analyses showed that spotlights increased attention to the focus of the narration that fostered learning outcomes but did not lead to better learning outcomes. Our findings suggest that further research on support procedures for animations should (i) take WMC into account, (ii) consider possible negative side effects, and (iii) address processes that mediate the effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotional role playing, attitude change, and attraction toward a disabled person.

DOCDMEIT RESU3E CG 006 397 Clore, Gerald L. ; Jeffery, Katherine McMillan Emotional Role Playing, Attitude Change, and Attraction Toward a Disabled Person. Illinois Univ., Champaign. May 71 21p. ; Paper presented at the Midwestern Psychological Association Convention in Detroit, Michigan, May 6-8, 1971 Gerald Clore, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820 EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 Attitudes, Behavior Change, *Changing Attitudes, *Discriminatory Attitudes (Social), Handicapped, *Interpersonal Problems, Interpersonal Relationship, *Physically dandicapped, Role Perception, *Role Playing, Social Attitudes The effects of emotional role playing on interpersonal attitudes toward the disabled are explored. Three treatment groups (role players, vicarious role players, and controls) were involved. Role playing consisted of traveling about the campus in a wheel chair for an hour. Results indicated that, compared to the control experience, both direct and vicarious emotional role-playing led to more positive responses: (1) to a specific disabled person; (2) to a series of issues concerning disabled students in general; and (3) to a disguised attitudinal measure given by telephone four months later. The concept of empathy appeared more adequate than dissonance for understanding the results. The potential of role playing and vicarious experience for increasing tolerance and social maturity is considered. (Author/TL) teN Cr. PEA EMOTIONAL ROLE PLAYING, ATTITUDE CTIANGE, AND CD Lr ATTRACTION TOWARD A DISABLED PERSON C:3 Gerald L. Clore 2 and Katharine &Millen Jeffery 3 University of Illinois
A re-examination of curare action at the motor endplate

Recent evidence indicates that curare, in addition to its ‘competitive’ interference with endplate receptors, can block open ionic channels by a ‘non-competitive’ action on the activated acetylcholine-receptor complex. These findings called for further study of the kinetic behaviour of endplate channels and their modification by curare. Examining impulse-evoked endplate currents and acetylcholine-induced current fluctuations, it is found that the lifetime of the open channel is shortened by relatively high concentrations of curare (greater than 5 μM), an effect which shows up most strikingly at hyperpolarized levels of membrane potential (— 130 mV and above). No shortening of this kind is observed when a neuromuscular block of equal or greater intensity is produced by a dose of α-bungarotoxin. Two other neuromuscular blocking agents, gallamine and pancuronium are shown to have an action on channel kinetics which cannot be explained by competitive receptor binding, but conforms to the hypothesis of rapidly repeated blocking and unblocking of individual ion channels, which had been proposed originally to account for the endplate action of local anaesthetics.
A coevolutionary multi-objective evolutionary algorithm

In this paper, we propose a first version of a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm that incorporates some coevolutionary concepts. The primary design goal of the proposed approach is to reduce the total number of objective function evaluations required to produce a reasonable good approximation of the true Pareto front of a problem. The main idea of the proposed approach is to concentrate the search effort on promising regions that arise during the evolutionary process as a byproduct of a mechanism that subdivides decision variable space based on an estimate of the relative importance of each decision variable. The proposed approach is validated using several test functions taken from the specialized literature and it is compared with respect to three approaches that are representative of the state-of-the-art in evolutionary multiobjective optimization.
The role of literature in instructed foreign language learning and teaching: An evidence-based survey

The resurgence in the use of literature in language teaching has been accompanied by an increasing number of research articles in this area. Research (in a number of second languages) has looked at the type of interactions and the type of language that arise from classroom discussions about literature, as well as at the views of teachers and learners. Importantly, the reactions that learners have to incorporating literature in their language lessons are linked to the type of approach and type of task that are used in the classroom. The paper surveys the existing research, as well as evidence from practitioners about approaches that are used and the range of works and authors that are taught.
Influencia de la participación comunitaria y la identidad con el lugar en la satisfacción vital en inmigrantes

Los estudios en torno a la satisfacción vital sugieren que ésta se relaciona con numerosas variables psicosociales. El presente trabajo pretende indagar en las relaciones con variables menos consideradas hasta ahora; en concreto, se pretende analizar los niveles de apego al lugar e identidad con el lugar (residencia), participación y satisfacción vital en vecinos de un barrio, así como comprobar las diferencias entre inmigrantes y autóctonos; analizar las relaciones entre esas cuatro variables; y predecir la satisfacción vital a partir de las otras tres variables. La muestra total es de 307 participantes, 156 autóctonos y 151 inmigrantes. Los resultados indican que los niveles en participación e identidad con el lugar son mayores en autóctonos. Se comprueba que existen diferentes modelos de predicción de la satisfacción con la vida en autóctonos y en inmigrantes: la identidad con el lugar predice el 4.6% de la satisfacción vital en autóctonos, y la identidad con el lugar y participación social predicen el 16.3% en inmigrantes. Estas variables, junto a otras ya reconocidas, podrían constituir un modelo explicativo de la satisfacción vital más sólido para inmigrantes.