Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Performance and Limitations of a Downsized Formula SAE Engine in Normally Aspirated

This paper compares the performance of a small two cylinder, 430 cm 3 engine which has been tested in a variety of normally aspirated (NA) and forced induction modes on 98-RON pump gasoline. These modes are defined by variations in the induction system and associated compression ratio (CR) alterations needed to avoid knock and maximize volumetric efficiency ( η VOL ). These modes included: The results have significant relevance in defining the limitations for small downsized spark ignition (SI) engines, with power increases needed via intake boosting to compensate for the reduced swept volume. Performance is compared in the varying modes with comparisons of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), brake power, η VOL , brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency ( η TH ). The test engine used in experiments was specifically designed and configured for Formula SAE, SAE’s student Formula race-car competition. A downsized twin cylinder in-line arrangement was chosen, which featured double overhead camshafts and four valves per cylinder. Most of the engine components were specially cast or machined from billets. Experimental results showed BSFC or η TH values in the order of 240 g/kWh or 34% could be achieved. TC BMEP values in the region of 25 bar were also achieved, the highest recorded for small engines on pump gasoline [1]. The engine was installed into successive Melbourne University Racing (MUR) vehicles in 2003 and 2004, where it was very competitive, finishing first in the fuel economy event at the 2004 Australasian competition.
A Role-based Typology of Information Technology: Model Development and Assessment

Managers aim to explain how and why IT creates business value, recognize their IT-based capabilities, and select the appropriate IT to enhance and leverage those capabilities. This article synthesizes the Organizational Information Processing Theory and Resource-Based View into a descriptive typology of IT roles. On the basis of these roles, the core features and functions of IT resources can be analyzed and linked to business objectives. Implications and areas for future research are discussed.
Arthroscopic repair of isolated subscapularis avulsion injuries in adolescent athletes.

Isolated subscapularis rupture in children and adolescents has seldom been reported in the literature, but is known to be associated with avulsion fracture of the lesser tuberosity, for which treatment has traditionally included either physical therapy or open reduction and internal fixation. We report on three adolescent athletes, each of whom presented with a delay in diagnosis and who underwent arthroscopic repair of subscapularis avulsion injuries.
Statistical, random and fractal characterizations of surface topography with engineering applications

Statistical, Random and Fractal Characterizations of Surface Topography with Engineering Applications by Gongyao Zhou Two methods, namely the conventional and fractal geometry methods, are developed for surface topography characterization. The conventional method utilizing statistical and random process techniques is used to study waterjet machined surfaces. In the study the waterjet surfaces are separated into smooth and striation zones, where striation influence is negligible in the smooth zone. It is found that the smooth zone has a random, moderately isotropic texture, with the height distribution nearly Gaussian. In the striation zone the major frequencies of the surface profile power spectra are independent of cutting parameters, while the amplitudes of these frequencies monotonically increase with cutting speed or depth of cut. The effects of cutting speed, depth of cut, orifice diameter, and abrasive size on the surface topography are also studied. This provides useful information for controlling process parameters to obtain smooth finished surfaces. The spectral analysis is used to investigate the structure dynamics of the waterjet machining system. It is found that the vibration of the abrasive waterjet machining system plays an important role in the striation formation. Manufactured surfaces which have random texture, such as those produced by electrical discharge machining, waterjet cutting, and ion-nitriding coating, can be characterized by fractal geometry. A Gaussian random fractal model coupled with structure functions is used to relate surface topography with fractal geometry via fractal dimension (D) and topothesy (L). This fractal characterization of surface topography complements and improves the conventional statistical and random process methods of surface characterization, especially in the study of contact mechanics and wear processes. The Gaussian fractal model for surface topography is shown to predict a primary relationship between D and the bearing area curve, while L affects this curve to a smaller degree. Several experiments are performed, and the results support the predicted effects of D and L on the bearing area curve. Fractal characterization of surface topography is further applied to the study of contact mechanics and wear processes. A fractal geometry model is developed, which predicts the wear rate in terms of fractal parameters D and L for wear prediction. This model shows that the wear rate V r and the true contact area A r have the relationship Vr (A r)m(D) , where m(D) is a function of D and has a value between 0.5 and I. Next the optimum (i.e. the lowest wear rate) fractal dimension in a wear process is studied. It is found that the optimum fractal dimension is affected by contact area, material properties, and scale amplitude. Experimental results of wear testing show good agreement with the predictions based on the model. STATISTICAL, RANDOM AND FRACTAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY WITH ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
How important are transaction costs for service firm integration decisions? A meta-analysis

As the global economy becomes more service-based, the need to understand how service firms govern different activities has become increasingly important. Transaction Cost Theory (TCT) has long been a key perspective on the integration of different activities. TCT asserts that the costs surrounding exchanges, called transaction costs, direct managers' decisions about whether or not to integrate. We take a step towards understanding whether transaction costs play a role in service firms' integration decisions by aggregating results from 28 studies involving 31 samples via meta-analysis. The results reveal that TCT offers limited explanatory power for service firms' integration decisions, and that TCT requires augmentation with other theories in order to explain how service firms govern such activities.
Urban air pollution and cardiopulmonary ill health: a 14.5 year time series study.

OBJECTIVES: To examine possible associations between daily concentrations of urban air pollutants and hospital emergency admissions and mortality due to cardiac and pulmonary disease. METHODS: A time series study was conducted in the City of Edinburgh, which has a population of about 450,000. Poisson log linear regression models were used to investigate the relation of the daily event rate with daily air pollution concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and black smoke from 1981 to 1995, and of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM10) from 1992 to 1995. Adjustments were made for seasonal and weekday variation, daily temperature, and wind speed. RESULTS: The most significant findings were positive associations over the period 1981-95 between black smoke as a mean of the previous three days and daily all cause mortality in people aged > or = 65, and respiratory mortality also in this age group (3.9% increase in mortality for a 10 micrograms/m3 increment in black smoke). For hospital emergency admissions between 1992 and 1995 the two most significant findings (p < 0.05) were for cardiovascular admissions of people aged > or = 65 which showed a positive association with PM10 as a mean of the 3 previous days, and a negative association with O3 as a mean of the previous three days. Analyses of outcomes based on linkage with previous cardiorespiratory emergency admissions did not show substantially different results. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that in the City of Edinburgh, after correction for confounders, there was a small but significant association between concentrations of black smoke and respiratory mortality in the older age group, probably attributable to higher pollution levels in the early part of the study period. There were also generally weak and variable associations between day to day changes in concentrations of urban air pollutants at a single central point and emergency hospital admission rates from cardiac and respiratory disease.
Measuring and modifying plasma density profiles to confine high power lasers

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Nurse Staffing in Critical Access Hospitals: Structural Factors Linked to Quality Care

Evidence links the amount of registered nurse care to improved patient outcomes in large hospitals, but little is known about registered nurse staffing in small critical access hospitals, which comprise 30% of all US hospitals. Our study findings show that the unique work environment of critical access hospitals means registered nurses are often overextended, reassigned from inpatient care, and/or interrupted creating potential safety and quality risks. Further research is needed to understand what critical access hospitals consider “safe” levels of nurse staffing and what processes are implemented to mitigate these risks.
Maternal and fetal haemodynamic effects of nifedipine in normotensive pregnant women

Please cite this paper as: Cornette J, Duvekot J, Roos‐Hesselink J, Hop W, Steegers E. Maternal and fetal haemodynamic effects of nifedipine in normotensive pregnant women. BJOG 2011;118:510–515.
Initial investigations into preschoolers' mirror-style versus transposed bodily imitation.

In typical development, imitation plays a key role in sociocognitive competence. The current study investigated a hypothesised developmental trajectory in face-to-face full body imitation style in 91 preschoolers, as well as a relation between imitation style and theory of mind (ToM). Children's response style to 8 lateralized action prompts was recorded as either "mirror" or "transposed. " Overall, mirror-style response increased with age, and was predominant for children and an adult comparison group. Imitation style varied depending on the prompt given, with certain actions showing a side bias regardless of prompt viewed. Mirror-style response was correlated with ToM performance after controlling for language ability, but not after controlling for age. Findings are discussed regarding the hypothesised relation between postural synchrony and larger perspective-taking competence.
Manufacturing competencies in high-tech NPD: on the impact of vertical integration and coordination

Starting from a distinction between internalisation and outsourcing of manufacturing, this paper studies how the degree of vertical integration affects R&D-manufacturing coordination. The case study findings illustrates that there are several quasi-stages of outsourcing that affect R&D-manufacturing coordination and manufacturing competence within R&D organisations. For effective R&D-manufacturing coordination to take place, it seems necessary that the R&D department possesses certain manufacturing competencies, both in terms of understanding the constraints of the manufacturing equipment/process and in terms of understanding the relation between production volumes and manufacturing cost. The implication is that managers need to carefully consider the effects of make-or-buy decisions on R&D-manufacturing coordination.
Learning from adopters' experiences with ERP: problems encountered and success achieved

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) packages touch many aspects of a company's internal and external operations. Consequently, successful deployment and use of ERP systems are critical to organizational performance and survival. This paper presents the results of a study of the problems and outcomes in ERP projects which was conducted under the sponsorship of an ERP systems vendor. Two basic research questions were addressed. First, how successful are companies at different points in time in their ERP experiences and how are different measures of success related? (That is, can early success be followed by failure and vice versa? ) Second, what problems do ERP adopters encounter as they implement and deploy ERP and how are these problems related to outcomes? The findings showed that the success of ERP systems depends on when it is measured and that success at one point in time may only be loosely related to success at another point in time. Companies experience problems at all phases of the ERP system life cycle and many of the problems experienced in later phases originated earlier but remained unnoticed or uncorrected. These findings suggest that researchers and companies will do well to adopt broad definitions and multiple measures of success and pay particular attention to the early identification and correction of problems.
Coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

The medical indications of a specific pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of coal dust are presented. The characteristics of simple pneumoconiosis and of progressive massive fibrosis are discussed. The effects of cigarette smoking obscure and complicate the respiratory change induced by coal workers pneumoconiosis. The etiology of the disease is certainly associated with the inhalation of coal dust, therefore prevention of the disease can be achieved by control of such dust exposures.
Dynamic Vision—The Legibility of Equally Spaced Alphanumeric Symbols1

A. trial study was conducted on the ability of observers to identify moving targets consisting of alphanumeric symbols. The targets, randomly assigned, were regularly spaced on an endless belt which was viewed from a constant distance. The target subtended an angle of 39 min. The space between targets subtended an angle of 51 min. The targets moved vertically from top to bottom in the frontal plane. Six subjects were tested on criteria of zero legibility and 100 per cent legibility when the targets were viewed through apertures 2 in. wide and 2 in. , 8 in. , and 20 in. high. Performance was measured in terms of the angular velocity of the targets past the observer's eyes. As aperture height increased both legibility criteria could be met at higher angular velocities of the stimulus materials. The mean angular velocities for the zero legibility criterion were approximately three times as great as for the 100 per cent legibility criterion.
The effects of grape seed in the diet of the Penedes chicken, on growth and on the chemical composition and sensory profile of meat

Abstract 1. Effect of a diet with 5% grape seed inclusion, substituting for maize compared to a standard diet, was studied in the Penedes chicken. 2. A total of 128 chickens were used, half from each sex. Individual weights and feed intake were controlled weekly from the first d to 5th week and fortnightly until the 15th week. On the 16th week, chemical analyses of meat from 16 thighs from each diet and sex were carried out, as well as a sensory analysis of meat from 24 thighs. Differences between diet and sex were analysed using live body weight, feed intake, feed conversion rate (FCR), chemical composition and sensory attributes of the meat. 3. At the end of the experiment, no significant differences were observed on live body weight, feed intake and FCR due to diet. 4. Meat showed no differences due to diet in the percentages of protein, lipid and ash. 5. Meat from the grape seed diet showed a higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acids due to linoleic acid. It also showed a more nutty smell, a more metallic flavour and more stringiness. There was, also, less of a pork crackling odour and flavour, a less sweet flavour and less of a broiler meat flavour.
Adversarial and Secure Machine Learning

We present the state-of-art study of a recent emerging research area named as Adversarial Machine Learning, it investigates the vulnerabilities of current learning algorithms from the perspective of an adversary. We show that several state-of-art learning systems are intrinsically vulnerable under carefully designed adversarial attacks. Moreover, we suggest countermeasures against adversarial actions, which inspire discussion of constructing more secure and robust learning algorithms.
Efficient operating system scheduling for performance-asymmetric multi-core architectures

Recent research advocates asymmetric multi-core architectures, where cores in the same processor can have different performance. These architectures support single-threaded performance and multithreaded throughput at lower costs (e.g., die size and power). However, they also pose unique challenges to operating systems, which traditionally assume homogeneous hardware. This paper presents AMPS, an operating system scheduler that efficiently supports both SMP-and NUMA-style performance-asymmetric architectures. AMPS contains three components: asymmetry-aware load balancing, faster-core-first scheduling, and NUMA-aware migration. We have implemented AMPS in Linux kernel 2.6. 16 and used CPU clock modulation to emulate performance asymmetry on an SMP and NUMA system. For various workloads, we show that AMPS achieves a median speedup of 1.16 with a maximum of 1.44 over stock Linux on the SMP, and a median of 1.07 with a maximum of 2.61 on the NUMA system. Our results also show that AMPS improves fairness and repeatability of application performance measurements.
Competence, specification and commitment to an olfactory placode fate

The nasal placode shares a common origin with other sensory placodes within a pre-placodal domain at the cranial neural plate border. However, little is known about early events in nasal placode development as it segregates from prospective lens, neural tube and epidermis. Here, Dlx3, Dlx5, Pax6 and the pan-neuronal marker Hu serve as molecular labels to follow the maturation of olfactory precursors over time. When competence to form olfactory placode was tested by grafting ectoderm from different axial levels to the anterior neural fold, we found that competence is initially broad for head, but not trunk, ectoderm and declines rapidly with time. Isolated olfactory precursors are specified by HH10, concomitant with their complete segregation from other placodal, epidermal and neural progenitors. Heterotopic transplantation of olfactory progenitors reveals they are capable of autonomous differentiation only 12 hours later, shortly before overt placode invagination at HH14. Taken together, these results show that olfactory placode development is a step-wise process whereby signals from adjacent tissues specify competent ectoderm at or before HH10, followed by gradual commitment just prior to morphological differentiation.
Changes in Phenolic Compounds of Aragón Red Wines During Alcoholic Fermentation

Changes in the principal phenolic compounds during the maceration-fermentation process of Garnacha, Merlot and Syrah grapes cultivated in Aragón region (northeast of Spain) have been investigated. While Garnacha is a traditional grape variety cultivated in this region, Merlot and Syrah have been introduced recently. During fermentation, Syrah showed the highest concentration in anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and flavonols (802.7 ± 0.5 mg/L, 74.7 ± 2.4 mg/L and 37.1 ± 1.5 mg/L at the end of fermentation, respectively). Unexpectedly, Garnacha, a variety with lower phenolic content, showed the highest amount of hydroxycinnamic acids (83.1 ± 5.6 mg/L at the end of fermentation). The overall results also indicated that the evolution during maceration-fermentation process of the different phenolic compounds and their concentrations were influenced by the varietal factor.
A tau method approach for the diffusion equation with nonlocal boundary conditions

An approximate method for solving the diffusion equation with nonlocal boundary conditions is proposed. The method is based upon constructing the double shifted Legendre series to approximate the required solution using Legendre tau method. The differential and integral expressions which arise in the diffusion equation with nonlocal boundary conditions are converted into a system of linear algebraic equations which can be solved for the unknown coefficients. Numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the method and a comparison is made with existing results.
Averages over hyperplanes, sum-product theory in vector spaces over finite fields and the Erdos-Falconer distance conjecture

We prove a pointwise and average bound for the number of incidences between points and hyperplanes in vector spaces over finite fields. While our estimates are, in general, sharp, we observe an improvement for product sets and sets contained in a sphere. We use these incidence bounds to obtain significant improvements on the arithmetic problem of covering F q , the finite field with q elements, by A · A + ··· + A · A, where A is a subset F q of sufficiently large size. We also use the incidence machinery and develop arithmetic constructions to study the Erdos-Falconer distance conjecture in vector spaces over finite fields. We prove that the natural analog of the Euclidean Erdos-Falconer distance conjecture does not hold in this setting. On the positive side, we obtain good exponents for the Erdos-Falconer distance problem for subsets of the unit sphere in F d q and discuss their sharpness. This results in a reasonably complete description of the Erdos-Falconer distance problem in higher-dimensional vector spaces over general finite fields.
Memory impairment and hippocampus specific protein oxidation induced by ethanol intake and 3, 4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in mice

Ethanol and 3, 4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are popular recreational drugs widely abused by adolescents that may induce neurotoxic processes associated with behavioural alterations. Adolescent CD1 mice were subjected to ethanol intake using the drinking in the dark (DID) procedure, acute MDMA or a combination. Considering that both drugs of abuse cause oxidative stress in the brain, protein oxidative damage in different brain areas was analysed 72 h after treatment using a proteomic approach. Damage to specific proteins in treated animals was significant in the hippocampus but not in the prefrontal cortex. The damaged hippocampus proteins were then identified by mass spectrometry, revealing their involvement in energy metabolism, structural function, axonal outgrowth and stability, and neurotransmitter release. Mice treated with MDMA displayed higher oxidative damage than ethanol‐treated mice. To determine whether this oxidative damage was affecting hippocampus activity, declarative memory was evaluated at 72 h after treatment using the object recognition assay and the radial arm maze. Although acquisition in the radial arm maze was not impaired by ethanol intake, MDMA treatment impaired long‐term memory in both tests. Therefore, oxidative damage to specific proteins observed under MDMA treatment affects important cellular function on the hippocampus that may contribute to declarative memory deficits.