Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new user-based model for credit card fraud detection based on artificial immune system

In this paper we present a new model based on Artificial Immune System for credit card fraud detection. In this model, which is based on Artificial Immune Recognition System, user behavior is considered. The model puts together the two methodologies of fraud detection, namely tracking account behavior and general thresholding. The system generates normal memory cells using each user's transaction records, yet fraud memory cells are generated based on all fraudulent records. To get more accurate results, we have performed analysis on training data in order to control the number of memory cells. During the test phase each user's transaction is presented to his/her own normal memory cells, together with fraud memory cells.
On the Cohomology of Relative Hopf Modules

ABSTRACT Let H be a Hopf algebra over a field k, and A an H-comodule algebra. The categories of comodules and relative Hopf modules are then Grothendieck categories with enough injectives. We study the derived functors of the associated Hom functors, and of the coinvariants functor, and discuss spectral sequences that connect them. We also discuss when the coinvariants functor preserves injectives.
Production of Gymnemic Acid Depends on Medium, Explants, PGRs, Color Lights, Temperature, Photoperiod, and Sucrose Sources in Batch Culture of Gymnema sylvestre

Gymnema sylvestre (R.Br.) is an important diabetic medicinal plant which yields pharmaceutically active compounds called gymnemic acid (GA). The present study describes callus induction and the subsequent batch culture optimization and GA quantification determined by linearity, precision, accuracy, and recovery. Best callus induction of GA was noticed in MS medium combined with 2,4-D (1.5 mg/L) and KN (0.5 mg/L). Evaluation and isolation of GA from the calluses derived from different plant parts, namely, leaf, stem and petioles have been done in the present case for the first time. Factors such as light, temperature, sucrose, and photoperiod were studied to observe their effect on GA production. Temperature conditions completely inhibited GA production. Out of the different sucrose concentrations tested, the highest yield (35.4 mg/g d.w) was found at 5% sucrose followed by 12 h photoperiod (26.86 mg/g d.w). Maximum GA production (58.28 mg/g d.w) was observed in blue light. The results showed that physical and chemical factors greatly influence the production of GA in callus cultures of G. sylvestre. The factors optimized for in vitro production of GA during the present study can successfully be employed for their large-scale production in bioreactors.
Social Interactions and Feelings of Inferiority Among Correctional Officers: A Daily Event-Recording Approach

A daily event-recording method, referred to as the Daily Interaction Record in Organizations (DIRO) was employed for assessing the influence of three types of social interaction on negative affect at work. For this purpose, 38 correctional officers (COs) completed forms, for a l-week period, that described their social interactions and stressful events at work. Moreover, the forms measured the negative feelings of COs both at the beginning and at the end of the workday. The results showed that each type of social interaction had a different effect on negative affect at the end of the day. Instrumental support showed an adverse effect on negative affect because this type of support appeared to induce feelings of inferiority, which in turn led to negative affect. Rewarding companionship appeared to have a positive effect, whereas intimate support showed no effect at all on negative affect. It is concluded that a micro-analytic approach offers interesting possibilities for fine-grained analyses of daily occurring social interactions and psychological mechanisms involved in social support as related to negative affect.
Recognition of Psychotherapy Effectiveness 1 American Psychological Association

Council voted to adopt as APA policy the following Resolution on the Recognition of Psychotherapy Effectiveness: WHEREAS: psychotherapy is rooted in and enhanced by a therapeutic alliance between therapist and client/patient that involves a bond between the psychologist and the client/patient as well as agreement about the goals and tasks of the treatment (Cuijpers, van Straten, Andersson, & van Oppen, 2008; Lambert, 2004; Karver, Handelsman, & Bickman, 2006; Norcross, 2011; Shirk & Karver, 2003; Wampold, 2007); WHEREAS: psychotherapy (individual, group, and couple/ family) is a practice designed varyingly to provide symptom relief and personality change, reduce future symptomatic episodes, enhance quality of life, promote adaptive functioning in work/school and relationships, increase the likelihood of making healthy life choices, and offer other benefits established by the collaboration between client/patient and psychologist (American Group Psychotherapy Association, 2007; APA Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice, 2006; Burlingame, Fuhriman, & Mosier, 2003; Carr, 2009a, 2009b; Kosters, Burlingame, Nachtigall, & Strauss, 2006; Shedler, 2010; Wampold, 2007, 2010);
Evaluation of the Phadebact Test for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The Phadebact Gonococcus Test (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, N.J.) is used for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In this test, boiled organisms are examined by using a 3-min coagglutination technique. A total of 313 isolates of Neisseria confirmed by the fluorescent-antibody technique or identified to the species level by the cysteine-tryptose agar utilization technique, were tested by the coagglutination technique. Of 229 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae, 13 (5.7%) were negative by the coagglutination technique on the first testing, 4 (1.7%) of which remained negative on subsequent testing after subculture. Of the 84 isolates of Neisseria other than N. gonorrhoeae, none showed a positive coagglutination reading. The Phadebact Gonococcus Test provides rapid, accurate identification for most isolates of N. gonorrhoeae. As with any new technique, standard procedures (fluorescent-antibody or cysteine-tryptose agar analysis or both) should be performed along with the new technique until laboratory workers are comfortable with the performance and interpretation of the test. We must, however, emphasize that it is very important to follow carefully the procedures outlined on the package insert.
Mechanical Properties of Coir/Glass Fiber Phenolic Resin Based Composites

Phenolic resin based coir/glass hybrid composites were developed using compression molding followed by hand lay-up technique. Mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural properties of coir based hybrid composites were investigated as a function of fiber content and fiber volume fraction. This study is focused on the mechanical performance of coir based and its hybrid composites. Results showed that tensile properties increase with increasing fiber content. Mechanical properties of composites with increased glass fiber content have high values. The effect of alkali-treatment of fibers on the mechanical properties was also studied. Significant improvement in coir based composites by alkali-treatment was observed. Overall studies indicated that the short coir/ glass fabric hybrid polyester composites are promising candidates for structural applications where high strength and stiffness is required.
Tracking Executive Function Across the Transition to School: A Latent Variable Approach

This longitudinal study of executive function (EF) addressed three questions. These concerned: (i) the validity of EF as a latent construct underpinning performance at ages 4 and 6 on tests of planning, inhibitory control, and working memory; (ii) developmental change in EF across these time-points, which straddled children's transition to school; and (iii) verbal ability and family income as predictors of base-line individual differences and variation in the slopes of EF development. Confirmatory factor analyses of data from a socially diverse sample of 191 children supported the validity of a single EF construct at both time-points; a MIMIC (multiple indicators, multiple causes) model showed equally good fit for boys and girls. Latent growth models demonstrated that verbal mental age and family income predicted EF intercepts, but EF slopes were only related to verbal mental age. Across the transition to school, less able children (but not children from low income families) showed greater gains in EF than their peers.
Title: Acoustic analysis of primate air sacs and their effect on vocalization. Author: Bart de Boer

Title: Acoustic analysis of primate air sacs and their effect on vocalization. Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of the acoustic impedance of primate air sacs and their interaction with the vocal tract. A lumped element model is derived and it is found that the inertance of the neck and the volume of the air sac are relevant, as well as the mass and stiffness of the walls (depending on the tissue). It is also shown that at low frequencies, radiation from the air sac can be non-negligible, even if the mouth is open. It is furthermore shown that an air sac can add one or two low resonances to the resonances of the oral tract, and that it shifts up the oral tract's resonances below approximately 2000 Hz, and shifts them closer together. The theory was verified by acoustic measurements and applied to the red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) and the siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus). The theory describes the physical models and the siamang calls correctly, but appears incomplete for the howler monkey vocalizations. The relation between air sacs and the evolution of speech is discussed briefly, and it is proposed that an air sac would reduce the ability to produce distinctive speech, but would enhance the impression of size of the vocalizer.
New Insights into the Antimicrobial Effect of Mast Cells against Enterococcus faecalis

ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecalis has emerged as an important cause of life-threatening multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in the hospital setting. The pathogenesis of enterococcal infections has remained a relatively neglected field despite their obvious clinical relevance. The objective of this study was to characterize the interactions between mast cells (MCs), an innate immune cell population abundant in the intestinal lamina propria, and E. faecalis. This study was conducted with primary bone marrow-derived murine MCs. The results demonstrated that MCs exerted an antimicrobial effect against E. faecalis that was mediated both by degranulation, with the concomitant discharge of the antimicrobial effectors contained in the granules, and by the release of extracellular traps, in which E. faecalis was snared and killed. In particular, the cathelicidin LL-37 released by the MCs had potent antimicrobial effect against E. faecalis. We also investigated the specific receptors involved in the recognition of E. faecalis by MCs. We found that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critically involved in the MC recognition of E. faecalis, since MCs deficient in the expression of MyD88, an adaptor molecule required for signaling by most TLRs, were significantly impaired in their capacity to degranulate, to reduce E. faecalis growth as well as to release tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) after encountering this pathogen. Furthermore, TLR2 was identified as the most prominent TLR involved in the recognition of E. faecalis by MCs. The results of this study indicate that MCs may be important contributors to the host innate immune defenses against E. faecalis.
Breeding without Breeding: Is a Complete Pedigree Necessary for Efficient Breeding?

Complete pedigree information is a prerequisite for modern breeding and the ranking of parents and offspring for selection and deployment decisions. DNA fingerprinting and pedigree reconstruction can substitute for artificial matings, by allowing parentage delineation of naturally produced offspring. Here, we report on the efficacy of a breeding concept called “Breeding without Breeding” (BwB) that circumvents artificial matings, focusing instead on a subset of randomly sampled, maternally known but paternally unknown offspring to delineate their paternal parentage. We then generate the information needed to rank those offspring and their paternal parents, using a combination of complete (full-sib: FS) and incomplete (half-sib: HS) analyses of the constructed pedigrees. Using a random sample of wind-pollinated offspring from 15 females (seed donors), growing in a 41-parent western larch population, BwB is evaluated and compared to two commonly used testing methods that rely on either incomplete (maternal half-sib, open-pollinated: OP) or complete (FS) pedigree designs. BwB produced results superior to those from the incomplete design and virtually identical to those from the complete pedigree methods. The combined use of complete and incomplete pedigree information permitted evaluating all parents, both maternal and paternal, as well as all offspring, a result that could not have been accomplished with either the OP or FS methods alone. We also discuss the optimum experimental setting, in terms of the proportion of fingerprinted offspring, the size of the assembled maternal and paternal half-sib families, the role of external gene flow, and selfing, as well as the number of parents that could be realistically tested with BwB.
Is stimulation of denervated muscle contraindicated when there is potential for reinnervation?

A 27-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of left ptosis and extraocular muscle weakness. The patient had been diagnosed with myasthenia gravis (MG) at 20 years of age at another clinic based on ocular myasthenic signs and a positive edrophonium test. Although he had minimal ptosis and double vision for 7 years, he had maintained normal activities of daily living without any MG therapy and never experienced an exacerbation of MG signs until his latest presentation. On admission, there was no limb weakness by manual muscle testing. However, his myasthenic condition was graded as a quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) score of 5 and MGFA class 2a. Although radioimmunoprecipitation assays for serum antibodies against acethylcholine receptor (AChR) and muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) were negative, an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay for anti-ryanodine receptor (RyR) antibody was positive. Mediastinum computerized tomography scanning revealed no thymic lesions including thymoma. We diagnosed his condition as MG based on abnormal amplitude decrements on repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) of the trapezius (11%) and masseter (18%) muscles. We detected only two endplates with abnormal jitter [mean consecutive difference (MCD) >45 ls] in the frontalis and no endplate had abnormal jitter (>55 ls) in the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) muscles according to single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG). The mean MCD (SD) was 23.3 (12.7) ls in the frontalis, which was within the normal limit (30 ls), and 38.7 (11.2) ls in the EDC, which was abnormal (>34 ls) according to the criteria of Sanders et al. Furthermore, we measured excitation–contraction coupling time (ECCT) of the masseter using Imai’s method. In this method, ECCT was determined as the difference in onset latencies between the masseter compound muscle action potential and mandibular movement recorded using an acceleration converter after electrical trigeminal nerve stimulation (Fig. 1). The ECCT was 4.8 ms and was prolonged compared with normal values (median 3.0, mean 3.0, range 2.3–3.6 ms). Based on a diagnosis of MG, the patient was treated with oral prednisolone 15 mg/day for 2 months followed by tapering. At the second assessment, performed 2 months after treatment was started, the patient had neither ptosis nor double vision. His condition was graded as MGFA class 0. Fatiguability subsided, and the QMG score was 2. The decremental response in the masseter RNS was improved (3%). Masseter ECCT decreased from 4.8 ms to 2.9 ms. This patient may possess electrophysiological characteristics similar to those of MG patients with anti-AChR and anti-RyR antibodies, even though these abnormalities did not translate into clinical manifestations, such as
Harsh environment piezoresistive pressure sensors

The capability to ensure reliability while operating in extreme environments is important for the most demanding automotive applications. Even though pressure sensors are a well-established area in the MEMS industry, improvements in sensor design are needed to deliver reliability and long operational life. This paper reports the design, fabrication and testing of a harsh media backside absolute piezoresistive pressure sensor. The device, which is fabricated with CMOS-MEMS processes, has been qualified using AEC-Q100 Grade 0 (Automotive Electronics Council) industry standards. The new sensor design provides excellent linearity, low temperature hysteresis and outstanding stability at operating temperatures from −40C to +150C.
Effect of dexamethasone on human osteoblasts in culture: involvement of β1 integrin and integrin‐linked kinase

Adhesive interactions play a critical role in cell biology, influencing vital processes from proliferation to cell death. Integrins regulate cell—ECM (extracellular matrix) adhesion and must associate with phosphorylating proteins such as ILK (integrin‐linked kinase). Dysregulation of ILK expression is associated with anchorage‐independent growth, cell survival and inhibition of apoptosis. Glucocorticoids influence differentiation and adhesion of osteoblasts and can affect bone protein synthesis. The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of DEX (dexamethasone) on the biology of osteoblasts, together with its influence on the expression of ILK and β1 integrin. For this, primary cultures of human osteoblasts were exposed to DEX at 10−9 M (physiological dose) and 10−6 M (pharmacological dose) for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability, apoptosis and cell adhesion were analysed, as well as protein expression of β1 integrin and ILK. It was observed that cell viability and adhesion were reduced in the cultures evaluated. In comparison with the control cultures, there was slightly less apoptosis in the cultures exposed to the physiological dose and considerably more apoptosis in those exposed to the pharmacological dose. In all treated cultures, protein expression of ILK was slightly higher than in the control cultures, whereas that of β1 integrin was significantly lower. Both proteins under study were co‐localized at the cell periphery in all cultures. Our results suggest that DEX causes osteoblast anoikis, probably due to decreased β1 integrin expression, which might have had a direct influence upon ILK, reducing its activation and preventing it from playing its characteristic anti‐apoptotic role.
Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 (sFlt1), Endoglin and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) in Preeclampsia among High Risk Pregnancies

Background Differences in circulating concentrations of antiangiogenic factors sFlt1 and soluble endoglin (sEng) and the pro-angiogenic growth factor PlGF are reported to precede the onset of preeclampsia weeks to months in low-risk pregnant women. The objective of this study was to investigate whether similar changes can be detected in pregnant women at high-risk to develop the syndrome. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of the NICHD MFMU trial of aspirin to prevent preeclampsia in high-risk pregnancies. Serum samples were available from 194 women with pre-existing diabetes, 313 with chronic hypertension, 234 with multifetal gestation, and 252 with a history of preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy. Samples collected across pregnancy were analyzed in a blinded fashion for sFlt1, sEng and PlGF. Results The odds of developing preeclampsia were significantly increased among women with multiple fetuses for each 2-fold elevation in sFlt1, sEng and the ratio of angiogenic factors (e.g. OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.46-3.32), and significantly decreased for each 2-fold elevation in circulating PlGF (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30-0.82) between 7 and 26 weeks' gestation. Cross-sectional analysis of the angiogenic factors across gestation showed significant differences during the third trimester in women who develop preeclampsia compared with appropriate controls in all high-risk groups. However, when data were examined in relation to the gestational week when preeclampsia was diagnosed only sFlt1 was significantly higher 2 to 5 weeks before the clinical onset of preeclampsia and only in women with previous preeclampsia. Conclusions The pattern of elevated concentrations of sFlt1 and sEng, and low PlGF in high-risk pregnant subjects who develop preeclampsia is similar to that reported in low-risk pregnant women. However, differences in these factors among high-risk women who do and do not develop preeclampsia are modest, and do not appear to be clinically useful predictors in these high-risk pregnant women.
An Introduction to Hierarchical (H-) Rank and TT-Rank of Tensors with Examples

Abstract We review two similar concepts of hierarchical rank of tensors (which extend the matrix rank to higher order tensors): the TT-rank and the H-rank (hierarchical or H-Tucker rank). Based on this notion of rank, one can define a data-sparse representation of tensors involving O(dnk + dk^3) data for order d tensors with mode sizes n and rank k. Simple examples underline the differences and similarities between the different formats and ranks. Finally, we derive rank bounds for tensors in one of the formats based on the ranks in the other format.
A new translational platform for evaluating aging or pathology-related postural disorders

Conclusions Dynamic posturography using a translational platform and new parameters for quantifying postural reactions to linear displacements were suitable for differentiating between aging and pathological effects in upright postural control. These tools should be used on a wider scale in the near future for both routine tests and rehabilitation purposes, including the prevention of falls in elderly people. Objective To demonstrate that dynamic posturography using a translational platform and new parameters for quantifying postural reactions to linear displacements constitute a more suitable way of discriminating age and/or pathology-induced postural effects. Material and methods Three groups of young healthy, elderly healthy and elderly unstable patients were tested on a translational platform using ramp (0.03, 0.07 and 0.1 m/s) and sinusoidal (0.25 and 0.5 Hz) stimulations. Their dynamic performances were compared to their postural evaluation on a static platform using classical stabilometric parameters (surface, length, etc.) and stabilogram–diffusion analysis (critical point coordinates and short-term diffusion coefficient). Results The translational platform, the new parameters elaborated for quantifying postural reactions (energy and time for postural stabilization, phase and gain of the postural response) and the visual condition under which the subjects were tested (eyes open versus eyes closed) discriminated all groups better than the classical methods.