Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonates: Types, Causes, Clinical Examinations, Preventive Measures and Treatments: A Narrative Review Article

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia, or jaundice, is a life threatening disorder in newborns. It is a multifactorial disorder with many symptoms. Generally, the physiological jaundice is the most prevalent type however in some regions pathological jaundice is also common. This review article focuses on a brief introduction to jaundice, its types and causes, measuring the bilirubin level, clinical approaches towards hyperbilirubinemia, different precautionary measures for the parents of babies suffering from hyperbilirubinemia and different remedial therapeutic measures for its treatment. Methods: The main databases including Scopus, Pubmed, MEDLINE, Google scholar and Science Direct were researched to obtain the original papers related to the newborns’ hyperbilirubinemia. The main terms used to literature search were “newborns’ hyperbilirubinemia”, “newborns’ jaundice”, “Physiological Jaundice” and “Patholigical Jaundice”. The timeframe included the obtained articles was from 1952 to 2015. Results: Neonatal jaundice due to breast milk feeding is also sometimes observed. Hemolytic jaundice occurs because of the incompatibility of blood groups with ABO and Rh factors, when the fetus and mother blood groups are not compatible and the fetus blood crosses the barrier of the umbilical cord before birth causing fetus blood hemolysis owing to severe immune response. Conclusion: Jaundice is easily diagnosable however require quick and on the spot treatment. If not treated properly, it leads to many complications. Currently the treatment options for jaundice include photo therapy, chemotherapy, and vaccinations.
Lipid and protein oxidation in female patients with chronic fatigue syndrome

Introduction Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a widely recognized problem, characterized by prolonged, debilitating fatigue and a characteristic group of accompanying symptoms, that occurs four times more frequently in women than in men. The aim of the study was to determine the existence of oxidative stress and its possible consequences in female patients with CFS. Material and methods Twenty-four women aged 15-45 who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for CFS with no comorbidities were recruited and were age matched to a control group of 19 healthy women. After conducting the routine laboratory tests, levels of the lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein oxidation protein carbonyl (CO) were determined. Results The CFS group had higher levels of triglycerides (p = 0.03), MDA (p = 0.03) and CO (p = 0.002) and lower levels of HDL cholesterol (p = 0.001) than the control group. There were no significant differences in the levels of total protein, total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol. Conclusions The CFS group had an unfavorable lipid profile and signs of oxidative stress induced damage to lipids and proteins. These results might be indicative of early proatherogenic processes in this group of patients who are otherwise at low risk for atherosclerosis. Antioxidant treatment and life style changes are indicated for women with CFS, as well as closer observation in order to assess the degree of atherosclerosis.
Membrane formation in the chamber angle after failure of argon laser trabeculoplasty: analysis of risk factors

AIM Membrane formation in the chamber angle induced by argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) can be a cause of treatment failure. Identification of risk factors for membrane formation was the primary aim of this retrospective study. METHODS Semithin sections of trabeculectomy specimens obtained in a 2 year period were examined by light microscopy. 122 eyes which were treated with one or more ALTs before trabeculectomy were identified. In 46 eyes, a sufficient amount of trabecular meshwork was obtained to permit morphological analysis. RESULTS Eyes treated with ALT had a significantly higher incidence of membrane formation (p=0.001). In 23/46 specimens a cellular and collagenous membrane was observed covering the entire trabecular meshwork. In 14/23 specimens (61%), this membrane was readily visible at low power magnification (×40). Comparison of these eyes with those without membrane formation revealed a significant difference in the number of ALTs (mean 2.07 (SD 0.73) v 1.48 (0.59); p=0.026) and in preoperative IOP (32.0 (9.7) v 26.2 (8.4) mm Hg; p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Membrane formation in the chamber angle is a frequent cause of ALT failure. The major risk factor is the number of ALTs performed.
Microalbuminuria, Preeclampsia, and Preterm Delivery in Pregnant Women With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To study the association between microalbuminuria and development of preeclampsia and preterm delivery in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a population-based prospective study in 846 normoalbuminuric or microalbuminuric women with type 1 diabetes without antihypertensive treatment in early pregnancy. Data were collected prospectively by one to three caregivers in each center and reported to a central registry. RESULTS The prevalence of microalbuminuria in the first trimester was 10%, median diabetes duration was 11 years, and third-trimester A1C was 6.6%. The frequencies of preeclampsia and preterm delivery before 34 weeks in the microalbuminuric group were 40 and 13%, both significantly higher than those in the normoalbuminuric group (12 and 6%, respectively, P < 0.001). After adjustments for possible confounders, significant predictors for development of preeclampsia were microalbuminuria (odds ratio 4.0 [95% CI]), nulliparity (3.1 [1.9–5.1]), and third-trimester A1C (1.3 [1.1–1.5] per 1% increase). Delivery before 34 weeks was associated with early microalbuminuria in univariate analyses, but in multivariate analyses A1C was the only significant predictor of this outcome. Preeclampsia was associated with a threefold higher risk of delivery before 34 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The presence of microalbuminuria in early pregnancy is associated with a fourfold increased risk of developing preeclampsia. A1C values during pregnancy are highly predictive of both preeclampsia and preterm delivery. Future research with antihypertensive treatment in normotensive, microalbuminuric pregnant women to prevent preeclampsia is proposed.
A Trustworthiness of Commercial Airline Pilots (T-CAP) Scale for American Consumers

The purpose of this study was to create a Trustworthiness of Commercial Airline Pilots (T-CAP) scale that could be used with American participants. Previous research (Rice, Mehta, Steelman, & Winter, 2014) created a similar scale that may be used with Indian participants. However, due to cultural differences, it was necessary to recreate an instrument that could be used with American consumers. In fact, the scale developed by American participants did differ significantly, both in terms of length and items to measure trustworthiness of commercial pilots. Participants were used in the entire process of creating the scale, including item generation and testing. A factor analysis using principle components and a varimax rotation produced a single factor for the condition of trustworthiness. Cronbach’s Alpha and Guttman split-half tests verified the reliability of the instrument and an experimental scenario was used to test the discriminability of
Curriculum Transformation: The Israeli Teacher Certification in Gifted Education

Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess Israeli certification program for teachers of gifted taking its initial steps in 5 locations. Research sample comprised 40 stakeholders. Goodlad’s model of curriculum transformation constituted a framework for describing the various programs as they change from the Ministry to the teachers studying them. Data concerning the different facets suggested by Goodlad were collected via semi-structured and deep interviews, analysis of documents, and classroom observations. Significant differences were found between the two types of certification programs in four of the five facets of curriculum: (a) formal-referring to Ministry rationale and program design and structure; (b) perceived–referring to local program design, and program coordinator’s role; (c) operational–referring to enactment of perceived curriculum by lecturer, and contents taught; and (d) experienced – referring to learners’ perception regarding program contribution and disadvantages. Study findings suggest that both types of certification programs, although taking a different approach, experienced difficulties along curriculum transformation. The study proposes factors for examining curriculum transformation in certification programs, and discusses practical implications for future consideration.
The Kiwi Paradox - A Comparison of Freedom of Information in Australia and New Zealand

New Zealand has been more successful in implementing a working FOI scheme than Australia, despite the opposite seeming likely when they were adopted in the early 1980s. When evaluated it is apparent that the New Zealand legislation has resulted in higher levels of government openness, which is largely due to differences in the original design principles. This paper demonstrates how divergences in historical origins, choice of exceptions, the role of public interest, processes of review and the administration of the Acts are responsible for the significantly different outcomes. It aims to encourage and provide scope for further comparative study between the operation of FOI in Australia and New Zealand.
Fe b 20 05 Near Optimal Routing for Small-World Networks with Augmented Local Awareness

In order to investigate the routing aspects of small-world networks, Kleinberg [13] proposes a network model based on a d-dimensional lattice with longrange links chosen at random according to the d-harmonic distribution. Kleinberg shows that the greedy routing algorithm by using only local information performs in O(log n) expected number of hops, where n denotes the number of nodes in the network. Martel and Nguyen [17] have found that the expected diameter of Kleinberg’s small-world networks is Θ(log n). Thus a question arises naturally: Can we improve the routing algorithms to match the diameter of the networks while keeping the amount of information stored on each node as small as possible? Existing approaches for improving the routing performance in the small-world networks include: (1) Increasing the number of long-range links [2, 15]; (2) Exploring more nodes before making routing decisions [14]; (3) Increasing the local awareness for each node [10, 17]. However, all these approaches can only achieve O ( (log n) ) expected number of hops, where ǫ > 0 denotes a constant. We extend Kleinberg’s model and add three augmented local links for each node: two of which are connected to nodes chosen randomly and uniformly within log n Mahattan distance, and the third one is connected to a node chosen randomly and uniformly within log n Mahattan distance. Our investigation shows that these augmented local connections can make small-world networks more navigable. We show that if each node is aware of O(log n) number of neighbors via the augmented local links, there exist both non-oblivious and oblivious algorithms that can route messages between any pair of nodes in O(log n log log n) expected number of hops, which is a near optimal routing complexity and outperforms the other related results for routing in Kleinberg’s small-world networks. Our schemes keep only O(log n) bits of routing information on each node, thus they are scalable with the network size. Our results imply that the awareness of O(log n) nodes through augmented links is more efficient for routing than via the local links [10, 17]. Besides adding new light to the studies of social networks, our results may also find applications in the design of large-scale distributed networks, such as peer-to-peer systems, in the same spirit of Symphony [15].
Endothelial Cell Loss after Phacoemulsification according to Different Anterior Chamber Depths

Purpose. To compare the loss of corneal endothelial cells after phacoemulsification according to different anterior chamber depths (ACDs). Methods. We conducted a prospective study on 135 eyes with senile cataracts. Eyes with nuclear density grades of 2 to 4 were divided into three groups according to ACD: ACD I, 1.5 < ACD ≤ 2.5 mm; ACD II, 2.5 < ACD ≤ 3.5 mm; or ACD III, 3.5 < ACD ≤ 4.5 mm. Intraoperative mean cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) was measured. Clinical examinations included central corneal thickness (CCT) and endothelial cell count (ECC) preoperatively and 2 months postoperatively. Results. There were no significant differences in CDE among the ACD groups (P > 0.05). Endothelial cell loss was significantly higher in ACD I than in ACD III in grades 3 and 4 cataract density groups 2 months after phacoemulsification (P < 0.05). There were also more changes in CCT in all of the cataract density groups in the ACD I group compared to the ACD II and III groups 2 months postoperatively, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions. Eyes with shallow ACDs, especially those with relatively hard cataract densities, can be vulnerable to more corneal endothelial cell loss in phacoemulsification surgery.
Assessment and evaluation in problem-based learning

While problem-based learning (PBL) is frequently a culture shock to new students faced with its alien paradigm, one might say the same thing about the shock to educators who try to use this technique in their classes. Besides the fundamental challenge of creating a good problem, educators are faced with the task of deciding how to evaluate the technique's effectiveness and how to assess whether students have met the overall learning objectives for the course. It is the authors' contention that traditional assessment techniques such as the familiar multiple-choice and true-false examinations do little to truly assess a student's understanding and far-transfer of the PBL learning experience. Likewise evaluating the success of PBL as compared to more traditional lecture-based classes requires more complex techniques.
A Novel Cyclodione Coumarin from the Stem Bark of Mesua beccariana

Our ongoing investigations on the stem bark of Mesua beccariana afforded a novel cyclodione coumarin, beccamarin, together with two known xanthones, mesuarianone, mesuasinone, two anthraquinones, 4-methoxy-1,3,5-trihydroxy-anthraquinone and 2,5-dihydroxy-1,3,4-trimethoxyanthraquinone and one coumarin, mammea A/AB. The structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and MS techniques.
Misinformation and Regulatory Actions in the Canadian Capital Markets: Some Empirical Evidence

In this paper the effect of allegedly manipulative activities on stock returns and the effectiveness of trading suspensions in arresting such manipulations are empirically studied. The results from conducting both a Fama-Fisher-Jensen-Roll test and a portfolio test on the error terms computed from a single factor market in periods surrounding a trading suspension are presented. The findings clearly identify regulators as having access to predominantly unfavorable new information about allegedly manipulative activities that is not "fully reflected" in stock prices prior to a trading suspension. Furthermore, since unfavorable information disclosures during a trading suspension period are found not to be fully reflected in stock prices on the date of trading reinstatement, the market is deemed to be inefficient in the semistrong form.
Diarrhoeal Health Risks Attributable to Water-Borne-Pathogens in Arsenic-Mitigated Drinking Water in West Bengal are Largely Independent of the Microbiological Quality of the Supplied Water

There is a growing discussion about the possibility of arsenic mitigation measures in Bengal and similar areas leading to undesirable substitution of water-borne-pathogen attributable risks pathogens for risks attributable to arsenic, in part because of uncertainties in relative pathogen concentrations in supplied and end-use water. We try to resolve this discussion, by assessing the relative contributions of water supply and end-user practices to water-borne-pathogen-attributable risks for arsenic mitigation options in a groundwater arsenic impacted area of West Bengal. Paired supplied arsenic-mitigated water and end-use drinking water samples from 102 households were collected and analyzed for arsenic and thermally tolerant coliforms [TTC], used as a proxy for microbiological water quality, We then estimated the DALYs related to key sequelae, diarrheal diseases and cancers, arising from water-borne pathogens and arsenic respectively. We found [TTC] in end-use drinking water to depend only weakly on [TTC] in source-water. End-user practices far outweighed the microbiological quality of supplied water in determining diarrheal disease burden. [TTC] in source water was calculated to contribute <1% of total diarrheal disease burden. No substantial demonstrable pathogen-for-arsenic risk substitution attributable to specific arsenic mitigation of supplied waters was observed, illustrating the benefits of arsenic mitigation measures in the area studied.
Investigating Relationships between Primary Schools’ Organizational Health and Teachers’ Organizational Trust

Bu arastirmada, ilkokullarda gorev yapan ogretmenlerin orgut sagligina yonelik gorusleri ile orgutsel guven duzeyleri arasindaki iliski incelenmistir. Arastirmanin orneklemini, 2013-2014 egitim ogretim yili guz doneminde Eskisehir Tepebasi ve Odunpazari Milli Egitim Mudurlugu’ne bagli ilkokullarda gorev yapan 912 ogretmen olusturmustur. Arastirmanin verileri “Orgut Sagligi Anketi”, “Orgutsel Guven Olcegi” ve “Kisisel Bilgi Formu” ile elde edilmistir. Verilerin analizi sirasinda betimleyici istatistikler ve Pearson Momentler Carpimi korelasyon cozumleme teknigi kullanilmistir. Arastirmadan elde edilen sonuclara gore, ilkokul ogretmenlerinin okullarinin orgut sagligini yuksek olarak degerlendirdikleri ve ogretmenlerin orgutsel guven duzeylerinin yuksek oldugu belirlenmistir. Ilkokullarin orgut sagligi ile ogretmenlerin orgutsel guven duzeyleri arasinda pozitif yonde, yuksek duzeyde ve anlamli bir iliskinin bulundugu gorulmustur. Bu sonuclara dayali olarak egitim orgutlerinin daha saglikli birer orgut olmasina ve ogretmenlerin yoneticiye, meslektaslarina ve paydaslara olan guven duzeylerinin arttirilmasina yonelik okul bazinda tum paydaslarin katilabilecegi sosyal etkinlikler duzenlenmesi onerilebilir.
Factors associated with early non‐response within an Internet‐based behavioural weight loss program

While behavioural weight loss interventions are effective overall, many individuals fail to achieve a clinically significant weight loss. Given that 4‐week weight loss has been shown to predict longer term outcomes, one potential strategy for improving rates of success is to provide additional support to early non‐responders. To inform these early rescue efforts, it is important to first identify how they may differ from their more successful peers.
Interaction of Type Ia Supernovae with Their Surroundings: The Exponential Profile in Two Dimensions

The evolution of Type Ia supernovae in the surrounding medium is studied using two-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic simulations. The ejecta are assumed to be described by an exponential density profile, following the work of Dwarkadas & Chevalier. The case of a circumstellar region formed by mass loss from the progenitor or a companion star is also considered. The decelerating contact discontinuity is found to be Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) unstable, as expected, and the nature of the instability is studied in detail for two cases: (1) a constant density ambient medium, and (2) a circumstellar medium whose density scales as r-2. The nature of the instability is found to be different in each case. In the case of a circumstellar medium the instability is much better resolved, and a fractal-like structure is seen. In the case of a constant density medium the extent of growth is less, and the R-T fingers are found to be limited by the presence of Kelvin-Helmholtz mushroom caps at the tips of the fingers. The unstable region is far enough away from the reverse shock that the latter is not affected by the mixing taking place in the interaction region. In contrast, the reverse shock in the case of a circumstellar medium is found to be rippled due to the formation of instabilities. In neither case is the outer shock front affected. These results are consistent with similar studies of power-law ejecta profiles conducted by Chevalier, Blondin, & Emmering. Our results are then applied to Tycho's supernova remnant. We conclude that it is unlikely that the instabilities seen in recent radio images of the remnant are similar to those studied herein, although we do not discount the possibility of initial conditions different from those studied herein leading to a much larger growth than we see in our simulations. We suggest that such instabilities may be better observed at X-ray wavelengths which probe the high-density shocked ejecta region.
Orthogonal Affine Precoding and Decoding for Channel Estimation and Source Detection in MIMO Frequency-Selective Fading Channels

A new affine precoding and decoding method for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frequency-selective fading channels is proposed. The optimal design of the affine precoder consists of a linear precoder and a training sequence, which is superimposed on the linearly precoded data in an orthogonal manner. The channel is estimated independently of the data, while the training sequence is completely nulled out in the source data detection. Furthermore, the optimal power allocation between the data and training signals is also analytically derived. Simulation results show that the proposed method is significantly better than other affine precoding methods with regard to source detection performance and computational complexity.
Wage Rigidity in a Competitive Incomplete Contract Market

Do employers and workers underbid prevailing wages if there si unemployment? Do employers take advantage of workers' underbidding by lowering wages? Do employers take advantage of workers underbidding by lowering wages? We hypothesize that under conditions of incomplete labor contracts, wage levels may positively affect workers' propensity to cooperate. This, in turn, may prevent firms from underbidding or accepting the underbidding of workers. Experimental double auctions conducted for the purpose of examinating these hypotheses yield the following results: (i) Workers' underbidding is very frequent, but employers refuse to accept workers' low wage offers in markets with complete labor contracts, employes accept and actively enforce wages close to the competitive level. (ii) Workers' effort is positively related to the wage level. Therefore over their effort level. This holds true even in the presence of explicit performance incentives.