Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infertility prevalence, needs assessment and purchasing.

A postal questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of primary and secondary infertility in Somerset. Three age groups of women were surveyed: those aged 36-40 (n = 965), 41-45 (n = 1115) and 46-50 years (n = 1061). Using these three age groups, most of whom had completed their reproductive lifespan, time trends both in the prevalence of infertility and service use were obtained. A 75.7 per cent response rate was achieved. No trends towards increasing prevalence of infertility were seen, but greater use was made of services in the younger age group. The overall prevalence of primary infertility was 16.1 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval (Cl) 14.6-17.6) if failure to conceive after one year is used as the definition of infertility. Similarly, the prevalence of secondary infertility was 15.8 per cent. It was found that 26.4 per cent (95 per cent Cl 24.6-28.2) of women were likely to suffer from infertility at some time and only 3.0 per cent of women were involuntarily childless. Twenty-five women (1.1 per cent) suffered recurrent miscarriages. There was no change in the likelihood of conception in the three age groups of women suffering infertility. Those in lower socio-economic groups were less likely to consult their general practitioners (GPs) when difficulties in conceiving were experienced. Examinations of a sample of responders' and non-responders' medical records suggested that the use of postal questionnaires in assessing the prevalence of infertility may, to some extent, be prone to bias. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cache-enabled broadcast packet erasure channels with state feedback

We consider a cache-enabled K-user broadcast erasure packet channel in which a server with a library of N files wishes to deliver a requested file to each user who is equipped with a cache of a finite memory M. Assuming that the transmitter has state feedback and user caches can be filled during off-peak hours reliably by decentralized cache placement, we characterize the optimal rate region as a function of the memory size, the erasure probability. The proposed delivery scheme, based on the scheme proposed by Gatzianas et al., exploits the receiver side information established during the placement phase. Our results enable us to quantify the net benefits of decentralized coded caching in the presence of erasure. The role of state feedback is found useful especially when the erasure probability is large and/or the normalized memory size is small.
A Comparison of Usability Between Voting Methods

In order to know if new electronic voting systems truly represent a gain in usability, it is necessary to have information about the usability of more traditional voting methods. The usability of three different voting methods was evaluated using the metrics recommended by the National Institute of Standards and Technology: efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction. Participants voted with two different types of paper-based ballots (one open-response ballot and one bubble ballot) and one mechanical lever machine. No significant differences in voting completion times or error rates were found between voting methods. However, large differences in satisfaction ratings indicated that participants were most satisfied with the bubble ballot and least satisfied with the lever machine. These data are an important step in addressing the need for baseline usability measures for existing voting systems.
Spinal and supraspinal components of cannabinoid-induced antinociception.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cannabinoids produce antinociception spinal and supraspinal sites of action. The antinociceptive effect of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (3 or 10 mg/kg), a naturally occurring cannabinoid, and CP-55,940 (0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 mg/kg), a potent synthetic cannabinoid, were assessed in spinally transected and intact rats. Each drug, administered i.v. , produced a potent, long-lasting elevation of tail-flick latencies in the intact animals. This antinociception was significantly attenuated by spinal transection. Administration of each cannabinoid (i.t.) to the lumbar region of the spinal cord produced a weak, but long-enduring antinociceptive effect. In contrast, spinal administration of CP-55,940 to the upper thoracic region failed to elevate tail-flick latencies above base-line values. Additionally, i.t. administration of CP-55,940 (30 or 100 micrograms) continued to have a weak antinociceptive effect in spinal rats. In contrast, i.t. administration of CP-56,667, the (+)-enantiomer of CP-55,940, failed to elevate tail-flick latencies above base line at a dose of 1000 micrograms, thus indicating stereoselectivity. Finally, the biodisposition of 3H-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol after either i.v. or i.t. administration to spinal and intact rats was also assessed. The levels of radioactivity did not differ between spinal and intact animals in either whole brain, spinal cord, or plasma when the drug was administered i.v. When the drug was administered i.t. , however, surgical transection of the spinal cord led to a decreased concentration of labeled substances in the whole brain and plasma. These converging lines of evidence indicate that cannabinoids produce antinociception through multiple mechanisms at the spinal and supraspinal levels of the central nervous system.
Blame Their Mothers: Public Opinion About Maternal Employment as a Cause of Juvenile Delinquency

Juvenile justice reformers and practitioners have long blamed mothers for juvenile delinquency, identifying maternal employment as a key cause of youthful offending. The current study uses data from registered voters (N = 10,144) to examine public views about whether maternal employment in two-parent households promotes juvenile delinquency. The results show that only a small minority of citizens blame working mothers for youth crime. The findings also reveal that views about the criminogenic consequences of maternal employment for children are predicted by factors that are strongly associated with gendered self-interest and exposure to nonegalitarian narratives. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Climatic characterization and response of water resources to climate change in limestone areas: some considerations on the importance of geological setting

AbstractThis work analyzes the response of springs fed by karst/fractured limestone aquifers, which extensively outcrop in central Italy, to climatic variations. In the central Italy area, climatic variations are represented by a general decrease in annual and winter precipitation. It is shown how groundwater regime, the discharge of springs, and their response to climate change depend to a great extent on the geologic and structural setting of the system. Some mountain springs of central Italy are local systems representing the overflow of a deeper regional flow feeding larger base springs, often of poor quality. A dynamic groundwater divide separates the recharge areas of base springs from those of local springs: if, due to low recharge, the piezometric surface lowers, the watershed moves toward systems located at higher altitudes, reducing their recharge areas. Therefore, local springs connected to a base flow are more vulnerable to climate change than those which are not. The Bagnara and Lupa springs,.
Gene Expression of Four Adhesive Proteins in the Early Healing of Bone Defect and Bone-implant Interface

The objective of this study was to evaluate the gene expression of four bone-related adhesive proteins during the early healing of bone defect and bone-implant interface in animal experiments. T-shaped hollow pure titanium implants with dual acid-etched surfaces were placed into femurs of 17 Sprague-Dawley rats, and bone defects with the same size were made in the same site in 15 rats. Newly formed bone was harvested at 5 days, 8 days and 16 days respectively. The gene expression of fibronectin (FN), collagen I (COL I), bone sialoprotein II (BSP II) and osteopontin (OPN) in non-implant and bone-implant defects were examined using semi-quantity reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The gene expression of OPN in the non-implant defect was slightly higher than that in the bone-implant interface. At 8 days postoperation, FN, COL I and BSP II expression were significantly up-regulated in the bone-implant group. All four proteins peaked at 8 days. The results indicate that the gene expression of the four adhesive proteins is different between bone defect and bone-implant interface. Intracellular synthesis of FN, COL I and BSP II was accelerated in the early healing stages of the bone-implant interface
Grip-Strength Performances by 6- to 19-Yr.-Old Children with and without Hearing Impairments

86 children and youth enrolled at a residential school for the deaf were matched with 86 children and youth with normal hearing (by age, sex, height, weight, and hand preference) from four public schools. Each participant's grip strength was tested with a calibrated hydraulic dynamometer set at the second position. No significant between-group differences were observed. The authors attributed the similar between-group performances to the equal opportunities for participation in sport and physical education in this residential school.
Therapeutic influence of 20 % albumin versus 6% hydroxyethylstarch on extravascular lung water in septic patients: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Recent studies demonstrated that extravascular lung water (EVLW) is a reliable and independent marker for outcome. The primary therapeutically goal in critically ill patients is to resuscitate and retain adequate organ perfusion by fluid administration, where is necessary to achieve adequate intravascular filling, but avoid initiation of pulmonary edema. METHODOLOGY Patients with severe sepsis were randomly allocated to a group treated with 20% Albumin 100 ml every 12 hours (ALB; n = 30) or with 6% hydroxyethylstarch 130/0, 4 250 ml every 6 hours (HES; n = 26). Both treatments were completed by crystalloids or norephinephrin as necessary. We analyzed amount of developed EVLW, and relation with mortality, PaO2/FiO2 and alveolo-arterial oxygen difference. RESULTS We observed significantly greater decrease of EVLW when compared with baseline during whole monitored period of 72 hours in ALB group in contrast to HES patients (p < 0.05). Despite no significant changes of EVLW in HES group, we noted improve of PaO2/FiO2 and AaDO2 in both groups. We did not observed significant difference in mortality. CONCLUSION The present study results show can summarize that albumin reduces in a higher amount and earlier the extravascular lung water than HES, but this reduction was not associated with improvement of oxygenation functions, which was better in HES group.
USOS Y COMPETENCIAS EN TIC EN LOS FUTUROS MAESTROS DE EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL Y PRIMARIA: HACIA UNA ALFABETIZACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA REAL PARA DOCENTES ICT SKILLS AND USES OF WOULD-BE PRIMARY AND PRE-SCHOOL TEACHERS: TOWARDS A REAL TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACY FOR EDUCATORS

El articulo analiza el uso, conocimiento y valoracion de la utilidad de las tecnologias de la informacion y la comunicacion por parte de 224 alumnos que estan concluyendo sus estudios de Grado en Maestro de Educacion Infantil o de Educacion Primaria. Dada la relevancia de las TIC en la practica docente, la investigacion valora, a partir de las respuestas a un cuestionario distribuido a alumnos de la Facultad de Educacion de Albacete, en que medida la formacion recibida por los futuros docentes se adecua a las demandas que habran de atender en su futuro ejercicio profesional.
Perioral rejuvenation with a range of customized hyaluronic acid fillers: efficacy and safety over six months with a specific focus on the lips.

BACKGROUND Injectable fillers are frequently used to restore volume and correct wrinkles in perioral region. However, evidence for perioral indications is scarce. OBJECTIVE Assess the efficacy, patient satisfaction, and safety of new range of hyaluronic acid fillers (HA E) in perioral enhancement. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a multi-center, six-month, open-label study. At baseline, subjects could receive HA E Touch, HA E Classic, HA E Lips and HA E Deep for the treatments of lips, upper lip lines, nasolabial folds and marionette lines, and a touch-up infection was optional three weeks later. Lip Fullness Grading scale (for lips), wrinkle assessments (Lemperle Rating Scales for the remaining indications), adverse events, and local tolerance were evaluated at each visit, and 3-D volume analyses (for nasolabial folds and lips only) at each post-baseline visit. Optimal correction was defined as results obtained three weeks after last injection. A subject satisfaction questionnaire was performed three weeks after last infection. RESULTS Overall, HA E Lips was infected for lip enhancement, HA E Thouch and HA E Classic for upper lip lines, and HA E Classic and HA E Deep for both nasolabial folds and marionette lines. After six month, around a 1-grade improvement persisted according to the lip fullness and wrinkle assessment scales. The long duration of effect was confirmed by 3-D analyses, with 62.7-71.4 percent of volumes obtained at week 3 (optimal correction) maintained after six months. The majority of subjects (from 80% for upper lip lines with HA E Classic to 94.8% for nasolabial folds with HA E Deep) were satisfied or very satisfied with their aesthetic outcome. All products were safe and well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Perioral enhancement with HA E fillers led to sustained effect in terms of lip fullness, wrinkle and 3-D volume assessments, and high subject satisfaction.
[Outcome of treatment of Y chromosome AZFc microdeletion patients].

OBJECTIVE To discuss the treatment options for patients with azoospermia factor (AZF) c microdeletion on Y chromosome. METHODS One hundred and eighty three patients, who were diagnosed as AZFc microdeletion on Y chromosome in Peking University Third Hospital, were recruited in our study. In order to get better treatment option for this kind of patients, we retrospectively analyzed their clinic data including the treatment process and pregnancy outcome and found out the characteristics of their semen. RESULTS Among the 183 patients, sperms can be found in ejaculated semen in 105 patients (57.4%, 105/183). One hundred and three patients (98.1%, 103/105) were diagnosed as severe or extremely severe oligospermia. Regular medication was given to 98 patients, 6 patients (6.1%, 6/98) of which got natural pregnancy. The other 99 patients who have sperms in their semen received intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), 68 patients (68.7%, 68/99) of which got pregnancy. Seventy eight patients were diagnosed as azoospermia among all the 183 patients. Forty nine patients received testicular sperm aspiration (TESA), and 21 patients choose to receive micro-TESE directly. Among the 49 patients with TESA, sperms were retrieved in 17 patients (34.7%, 17/49), and sperms were not retrieved in 32 patients (65.3%, 32/49), of which 12 patients (37.5%, 12/32) gave up treatment and 20 patients (62.5%, 20/32) choose micro-TESE. Among the 41 patients who choose to receive micro-TESE, operation has been done on 19 patients, of which 11 patients (57.9%, 11/19) got sperms. Among the 11 patients, TESA has been done on 6 patients before micro-TESE, of which 4 patients (66.6%, 4/6) got sperms. ICSI has already been done on 7 azoospermia AZFc microdeletion patients who underwent micro-TESE, of which 4 patients (57.1%, 4/7) get pregnancy. CONCLUSION AZFc microdeletion patients who had sperms were always diagnosed as severe or extremely severe oligospermia. ICSI was their first choice instead of drug therapy. For AZFc microdeletion patients who were diagnosed as azoospermia, TESA was one of their choices, however, the success rate is not high. Micro-TESE is still possible to get sperms even after the failure of TESA. Therefore, we may choose micro-TESE instead of TESA in some azoospermia patients in order to reduce surgical trauma on patients.
Control and modulation strategies for modular multilevel converter based HVDC system

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a new kind of voltage source converter (VSC) with a high number of voltage levels and considered to be suitable for HVDC transmission. Based on circuit configuration and operation mechanism, this paper presents an mathematical model of MMC. Then the vector control strategy widely used in two-level VSC is applied to the control of MMC. Due to modular structure and cascaded connections, a very high number of voltage levels is obtained by MMC in HVDC applications, for which the nearest level modulation (NLM) become feasible. A combination of NLM and optimized capacitor voltage balancing control is presented to reduce the switching frequency as well as the switching losses of power semiconductors. Time-domain simulation performed in PSCAD/EMTDC shows that the control and modulation methods provide good steady-state and dynamic system performance and significantly reduce the switching frequency of power semiconductors.
5-HT4(a) Receptors Avert Opioid-Induced Breathing Depression Without Loss of Analgesia

Opiates are widely used analgesics in anesthesiology, but they have serious adverse effects such as depression of breathing. This is caused by direct inhibition of rhythm-generating respiratory neurons in the Pre-Boetzinger complex (PBC) of the brainstem. We report that serotonin 4(a) [5-HT4(a)] receptors are strongly expressed in respiratory PBCneurons and that their selective activation protects spontaneous respiratory activity. Treatment of rats with a 5-HT4 receptor–specific agonist overcame fentanyl-induced respiratory depression and reestablished stable respiratory rhythm without loss of fentanyl's analgesic effect. These findings imply the prospect of a fine-tuned recovery from opioid-induced respiratory depression, through adjustment of intracellular adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate levels through the convergent signaling pathways in neurons.
A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research

The attainment of quality in products and services has become a pivotal concern of the 1980s. While quality in tangible goods has been described and measured by marketers, quality in services is largely undefined and unresearched. The authors attempt to rectify this situation by reporting the insights obtained in an extensive exploratory investigation of quality in four service businesses and by developing a model of service quality. Propositions and recommendations to stimulate future research about service quality are offered.
Conditional Deletion of Ferritin H in Mice Reduces B and T Lymphocyte Populations

The immune system and iron availability are intimately linked as appropriate iron supply is needed for cell proliferation, while excess iron, as observed in hemochromatosis, may reduce subsets of lymphocytes. We have tested the effects of a ferritin H gene deletion on lymphocytes. Mx-Cre mediated conditional deletion of ferritin H in bone marrow reduced the number of mature B cells and peripheral T cells in all lymphoid organs. FACS analysis showed an increase in the labile iron pool, enhanced reactive oxygen species formation and mitochondrial depolarization. The findings were confirmed by a B-cell specific deletion using Fthlox/lox; CD19-Cre mice. Mature B cells were strongly under-represented in bone marrow and spleen of the deleted mice, whereas pre-B and immature B cells were not affected. Bone marrow B cells showed increased proliferation as judged by the number of cells in S and G2/M phase as well as BrdU incorporation. Upon in vitro culture with B-cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF), ferritin H-deleted spleen B cells showed lower survival rates than wild type cells. This was partially reversed with iron-chelator deferiprone. The loss of T cells was also confirmed by a T cell-specific deletion in Fthlox/lox;CD4-Cre mice. Our data show that ferritin H is required for B and T cell survival by actively reducing the labile iron pool. They further suggest that natural B and T cell maturation is influenced by intracellular iron levels and possibly deregulated in iron excess or deprivation.
Oxytocin increases empathy to pain when adopting the other- but not the self-perspective

There is growing evidence that the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) facilitates various forms of sensitivity to others, but the mechanism by which OT enhances empathy in humans is unclear. In this study, we examined whether OT increases empathy by the way of blurring the distinction between self and other, or by enhancing the difference between self and other. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject crossover design, empathic responses of healthy participants were compared when imagining oneself (i.e., self-perspective empathy) versus when imagining the other (i.e., other-perspective empathy) in painful and nonpainful situations. Under OT treatment, participants expressed more empathy when imagining others than when imagining oneself in pain. This was in contrast to the placebo condition where there were no differences between the empathic responses during the self- and the other-perspective. We propose that the modulatory effect of OT on empathy when taking the other-perspective may be mediated by its role in self- and other-distinctiveness and corollary by its role in increasing salience to social agents and cues.
Myrmecobius fasciatus (Dasyuromorphia: Myrmecobiidae)

Abstract Myrmecobius fasciatus Waterhouse, 1836, is a small to medium-sized dasyuromorph marsupial known as the numbat. M. fasciatus is unusual among marsupials in that it is diurnal and feeds exclusively on termites, and it has a number of characteristic adaptations associated with this specialized niche. M. fasciatus has at least 8 postcanine teeth in the lower jaw; the dentition is variable between individuals and even between the 2 sides of the jaw of the same individual. Although widespread throughout southern Australia at the time of European settlement, M. fasciatus is currently restricted to 2 naturally occurring populations in the southwestern portion of Western Australia, and some additional populations within its historic range resulting from successful reintroductions. It is currently listed as “Endangered. ”
The effects of cigarette smoking on the periodontal condition of young Jordanian adults.

BACKGROUND Several studies have reported an association between smoking and periodontal destruction in young adults. AIMS To investigate the effects of cigarette smoking on the periodontal condition of young Jordanian adults. METHODS A case-control study of young adults between the ages of 20 and 35 years who were attending a dental hospital in Jordan for routine dental treatment. A group of 100 subjects who had smoked for at least 2 years were compared with 100 age- and sex-matched never smokers. Clinical measurements of plaque, bleeding on probing and probing depth were recorded and interproximal bone levels related to molar teeth were assessed from bitewing radiographs. RESULTS The smokers had higher levels of plaque, more sites which bled in response to probing and a greater mean probing depth than never smokers. The unadjusted odds ratio for smoking to be associated with the presence of more than 10 pockets which were > or =4 mm was 3.08 (95% confidence interval 1.58-6.03). The proportion of measurable surfaces in smokers (22.7%) which had bone levels > or =3 mm below the cementoenamel junction was significantly higher (P<0.0001) than in never smokers (7.4%). Independent predictors of reduced bone levels in multivariate analysis were infrequent interdental cleaning (P=0.03), age of 30 or older (P=0.03) and smoking (P<0.0001). Within the multivariate analysis the adjusted odds ratio for smoking to be associated with reduced molar bone levels was 4.95 (confidence interval 2.48-9.88). CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that cigarette smoking was a major environmental factor associated with accelerated periodontal destruction in the young adult Jordanians investigated.