Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracting fine‐grained location with temporal awareness in tweets: A two‐stage approach

Twitter has attracted billions of users for life logging and sharing activities and opinions. In their tweets, users often reveal their location information and short‐term visiting histories or plans. Capturing user's short‐term activities could benefit many applications for providing the right context at the right time and location. In this paper we are interested in extracting locations mentioned in tweets at fine‐grained granularity, with temporal awareness. Specifically, we recognize the points‐of‐interest (POIs) mentioned in a tweet and predict whether the user has visited, is currently at, or will soon visit the mentioned POIs. A POI can be a restaurant, a shopping mall, a bookstore, or any other fine‐grained location. Our proposed framework, named TS‐Petar (Two‐Stage POI Extractor with Temporal Awareness), consists of two main components: a POI inventory and a two‐stage time‐aware POI tagger. The POI inventory is built by exploiting the crowd wisdom of the Foursquare community. It contains both POIs' formal names and their informal abbreviations, commonly observed in Foursquare check‐ins. The time‐aware POI tagger, based on the Conditional Random Field (CRF) model, is devised to disambiguate the POI mentions and to resolve their associated temporal awareness accordingly. Three sets of contextual features (linguistic, temporal, and inventory features) and two labeling schema features (OP and BILOU schemas) are explored for the time‐aware POI extraction task. Our empirical study shows that the subtask of POI disambiguation and the subtask of temporal awareness resolution call for different feature settings for best performance. We have also evaluated the proposed TS‐Petar against several strong baseline methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the two‐stage approach achieves the best accuracy and outperforms all baseline methods in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency.
Cross-cultural marriages

Married foreigners On 1 January 1999 the Netherlands was home to 453 thousand married couples with at least one partner born in a foreign country (table 1). Less than half of these couples consist of partners who were both born in a foreign country. 108 thousand foreign-born males have a Dutch-born wife and 133 thousand foreign-born females have a Dutch-born husband. Since 1992 the number of these mixed couples has increased by 5 percent, against a decrease of 1 percent for Dutch-born married couples. The largest increase although has taken place in the case of married couples of which both husband and wife are foreign-born, about 20%.
Social event segmentation

Humans are experts in understanding social environments. What perceptual and cognitive processes enable such competent evaluation of social information? Here we show that environmental content is grouped into units of “social perception”, which are formed automatically based on the attentional priority given to social information conveyed by eyes and faces. When asked to segment a clip showing a typical daily scenario, participants were remarkably consistent in identifying the boundaries of social events. Moreover, at those social event boundaries, participants' eye movements were reliably directed to actors' eyes and faces. Participants' indices of attention measured during the initial passive viewing, reflecting natural social behaviour, also showed a remarkable correspondence with overt social segmentation behaviour, reflecting the underlying perceptual organization. Together, these data show that dynamic information is automatically organized into meaningful social events on an ongoing basis, strongly suggesting that the natural comprehension of social content in daily life might fundamentally depend on this underlying grouping process.
Rectal hypersensitivity as hallmark for irritable bowel syndrome: defining the optimal cutoff

Background Visceral hypersensitivity is a frequently observed hallmark of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Studies have reported differently about the presence of visceral hypersensitivity in IBS resulting from lack of standardization of the barostat procedure and due to different criteria used to assess hypersensitivity. We aimed to calculate the optimal cutoff to detect visceral hypersensitivity in IBS.
Modelling suspended sediment concentration and load in a transport‐limited alluvial gully in northern Queensland, Australia

Alluvial gullies are often formed in dispersible sodic soils along steep banks of incised river channels. Field data collected by Shellberg et al. (Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 38: 1765–1778, 2013) from a gully outlet in northern Australia showed little hysteresis between water discharge and fine (<63 µm) and coarse (>63 µm) suspended sediment, indicating transport‐limited rather than source‐limited conditions. The major source of the fine (silt/clay) component was the sodic soils of upstream gully scarps, and the coarser (sand) component was sourced locally from channel bed material. In this companion paper at the same study site, a new method was developed for combining the settling velocity characteristics of these two sediment source components to estimate the average settling velocity of the total suspended sediment. This was compared to the analysis of limited sediment samples collected during flood conditions. These settling velocity data were used in the steady‐state transport limit theory of Hairsine and Rose (Water Resources Research 28: 237–243, 245–250, 1992) that successfully predicted field data of concentrations and loads at a cross‐section, regardless of the complexity of transport‐limited upstream sources (sheet erosion, scalds, rills, gullies, mass failure, bank and bed erosion, other disturbed areas). The analysis required calibration of a key model parameter, the fraction of total stream power (F ≈ 0.025) that is effective in re‐entraining sediment. Practical recommendations are provided for the prediction of sediment loads from other alluvial gullies in the region with similar hydrogeomorphic conditions, using average stream power efficiency factors for suspended silt/clay (Fw ≈ 0.016) and sand (Fs ≈ 0.038) respectively, but with no requirement for field data on sediment concentrations. Only basic field data on settling velocity characteristics from soil samples, channel geometry measurements, estimates of water velocity and discharge, and associated error margins are needed for transport limit theory predictions of concentration and load. This theory is simpler than that required in source‐limited situations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The structural evolution of the English Channel area

The structural evolution of the English Channel area is controlled by structure and particularly by the pre‐existing Cadomian and Variscan crustal discontinuities, which have been reactivated repeatedly in post‐Variscan times. They controlled the crustal subsidence that produced basin development in the Mesozoic, prior to the sea‐floor spreading in the North Atlantic region. They were then reactivated during the Cenozoic compression and basin inversion. The English Channel development is ascribed to mid‐Tertiary differential uplift (Oligocene to Miocene). During late Tertiary to Quaternary times the Channel displays characteristics of a tectonically controlled fluvial basin periodically invaded by the sea. At the lithospheric scale, the Channel can be considered as an active intraplate area influenced by the NW–SE ‘Alpine push’, the NW–SE ‘Atlantic ridge push’ and glacial rebound stresses. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of the Dominant Modes of Atmospheric Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation over Tropical-Subtropical Americas

AbstractDuring the boreal summer (June–August), vigorous convection appears over the eastern Pacific, southern Mexico, and northern South America, and oscillates on a distinct time scale of 10–20 days. Extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) analysis shows that the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) of the convection has two major modes: a west–east-orientated mode (WEM) and a north–south-orientated mode (NSM). The WEM, which is explained by the first two EEOF modes, originates over the eastern Atlantic, propagates westward along 15°N, and enhances over the Caribbean Sea before disappearing over the central Pacific. The NSM, explained by the third and fourth EEOF modes, originates over the western Pacific, moves eastward, and strengthens over the eastern Pacific. It shifts northward after arriving over the Caribbean Sea. Both modes have notable seasonal dependence, with the WEM more active in July and August and the NSM more active in June or earlier.The two distinct QBWO modes are linked to differen.
Layered Depth-Normal Images: a Sparse Implicit Representation of Solid Models

This paper presents a novel implicit representation of solid models. With this representation, every solid model can be effectively presented by three layered depth-normal images (LDNIs) that are perpendicular to three orthogonal axes respectively. The layered depth-normal images for a solid model, whose boundary is presented by a polygonal mesh, can be generated efficiently with help of the graphics hardware accelerated sampling. Based on this implicit representation - LDNIs, solid modeling operations including the Boolean operations and the offsetting operation have been developed. A contouring algorithm is also introduced in this paper to generate thin structure and sharp feature preserved mesh surfaces from the layered depth-normal images. Comparisons between LDNIs and other implicit representation of solid models are given at the end of the paper to demonstrate the advantages of LDNIs.
Differences in Spatial Working Memory as a Function of Team Sports Expertise: The Corsi Block-Tapping Task in Sport Psychological Assessment

Individual differences in visuospatial abilities were investigated in experienced basketball players compared with nonathletes. Most research shows that experts and novices do not differ on basic cognitive ability tests. Nevertheless, there are some equivocal findings indicating there are differences in basic cognitive abilities such as attention. The goal of the present research was to investigate team-ball athletes in regard to their visuospatial abilities. 112 male college students (54 basketball players, 58 nonathlete college students) were tested in their spatial capacity with the Corsi Block-tapping Task. No differences in spatial capacity were evident between basketball players and nonathlete college students. The results are discussed in the context of the expert performance approach and individual difference research.
Sediment Translation Waves in Braided Gravel‐Bed Rivers

Bed‐load transport capacity in braided gravel‐bed rivers varies as hydraulic geometry changes downstream. Differences in capacity lead to variations in bed‐material storage as a consequence of bed‐load transport during floods. In turn, storage changes produce irregular fluctuations in bed‐level or sediment translation waves in the bed material. These waves are the mechanism by which bed load is transported in braided and, in fact, all alluvial rivers with variable downstream hydraulic geometry. An approximate expression for wave velocity indicates that annual wave travel distance can be hundreds of meters or more per year for waves up to 0.5 m high. Although sediment waves cause shifts in bed‐load rating at a cross section, bed‐load yield may still be estimated using bed‐load ratings based on depth‐discharge relations defined for periods between rating changes. A procedure is given for stable channel design in the presence of sediment waves based on equivalence of yield for some period in the design reach.
Bacterial and fungal keratitis in Upper Egypt: In vitro screening of enzymes, toxins and antifungal activity

Purpose: This work was conducted to study the ability of bacterial and fungal isolates from keratitis cases in Upper Egypt to produce enzymes, toxins, and to test the isolated fungal species sensitivity to some therapeutic agents. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifteen patients clinically diagnosed to have microbial keratitis were investigated. From these cases, 37 bacterial isolates and 25 fungal isolates were screened for their ability to produce extra-cellular enzymes in solid media. In addition, the ability of fungal isolates to produce mycotoxins and their sensitivity to 4 antifungal agents were tested. Results: Protease, lipase, hemolysins, urease, phosphatase, and catalase were detected respectively in 48.65%, 37.84%, 59.46%, 43.24%, 67.57%, and 100% out of 37 bacterial isolates tested. Out of 25 fungal isolates tested during the present study, 80% were positive for protease, 84% for lipase and urease, 28% for blood hemolysis, and 100% for phosphatase and catalase enzymes. Thirteen fungal isolates were able to produce detectable amounts of 7 mycotoxins in culture medium (aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2), sterigmatocystin, fumagillin, diacetoxyscirpenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, and trichodermin). Among the antifungal agents tested in this study, terbinafine showed the highest effect against most isolates in vitro. Conclusion: In conclusion, the ability of bacterial and fungal isolates to produce extracellular enzymes and toxins may be aid in the invasion and destruction of eye tissues, which, in turn, lead to vision loss.
Peritoneal Equilibration Test in Costa Rica: Discrepancies from Other Populations

Objective. Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) is a kidney replacement therapy that has been recently incorporated in developing countries. We aim to establish our reference values, to compare them with the original and the Mexican population, and to associate some variables with the type of peritoneal transport. Methods. Thirty peritoneal equilibration tests (PET) were performed. The ratio for D/P creatinine and the D/D0 ratio for glucose were calculated and compared to reference values. We conducted a retrospective analysis to correlate peritoneal transporters with some predictive variables. Results. D/P creatinine ratio at 2 hours, D/D0 glucose ratio at 4 hours, and net ultrafiltrate volume (nUFV) were significantly different from those reported by Twardowski et al. The results documented in the Mexican population only coincide with our results for the D/P creatinine ratio at 4 hours. Any of the studied variables were associated with a specific type of peritoneal transport. Conclusions. Peritoneal permeability among Costa Rican CAPD patients is different from the original population described by Twardowski et al. and from other Latin-American population. This supports the theory that ethnical differences could be responsible for such variations and they validate our statement that each region should possess value references of their own.
Actuotaphonomic of fish microteeth accumulations in intertidal environments: a case study in Atalaia Beach, Northeast Amazon, Brazil

A study of fish microteeth accumulations in the intertidal environment was carried out in Atalaia Beach, northeast Amazon, Brazil, from the analysis of 18 samples of recent sediments taken from 50cm holes. No specimens were found in the material, a result influenced by factors arising from the very nature of the area, such as Beach dynamics, temperature and shallow water depth. However, this result resembles the one found in intertidal Miocene deposits of the same region, reinforcing the use of current taphonomy as a support tool for paleoecological studies. Key Words: Intertidal, Accumulations, Microteeth.
The Navier-Stokes-Vlasov-Fokker-Planck System near Equilibrium

This paper is concerned with a system that couples the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations to the Vlasov–Fokker–Planck equation. Such a system arises in the modeling of sprays, where a dense phase interacts with a disperse phase. The coupling arises from the Stokes drag force exerted by a phase on the other. We study the global-in-time existence of classical solutions for data close to an equilibrium. We investigate further regularity properties of the solutions as well as their long time behavior. The proofs use energy estimates and the hypocoercive/hypoelliptic structure of the system.
A pillow of 8 cm height did not improve laryngeal view and alignment of airway axes but increased anesthesiologist discomfort compared to a pillow of 4 cm height during tracheal intubation in adult patients

Background Neck flexion by head elevation using an 8 to 10 cm thick pillow and head extension has been suggested to align the laryngeal, pharyngeal and oral axis and facilitate tracheal intubation. Presently, the laryngeal view and discomfort for tracheal intubation were evaluated according to two different degrees of head elevation in adult patients. Methods This prospective randomized, controlled study included 50 adult patients aged 18 to 90 years. After induction of anesthesia, the Cormack Lehane grade was evaluated in 25 patients using a direct laryngoscope while the patient's head was elevated with a 4 cm pillow (4 cm group) and then an 8 cm pillow (8 cm group). In the other 25 patients, the grades were evaluated in the opposite sequence and tracheal intubation was performed. The success rate and anesthesiologist's discomfort score for tracheal intubation, and laryngeal, pharyngeal and oral axes were assessed. Results There were no differences in the laryngeal view and success rate for tracheal intubation between the two groups. The discomfort score during tracheal intubation was higher in the 8 cm group when the patient's head was elevated 4 cm first and then 8 cm. The alignment of laryngeal, pharyngeal and oral axes were not different between the two degrees of head elevation. Conclusions A pillow of 8 cm height did not improve laryngeal view and alignment of airway axes but increased the anesthesiologist discomfort, compared to a pillow of 4 cm height, during tracheal intubation in adult patients.
Delay-Independent Stability of Genetic Regulatory Networks

Genetic regulatory networks can be described by nonlinear differential equations with time delays. In this paper, we study both locally and globally delay-independent stability of genetic regulatory networks, taking messenger ribonucleic acid alternative splicing into consideration. Based on nonnegative matrix theory, we first develop necessary and sufficient conditions for locally delay-independent stability of genetic regulatory networks with multiple time delays. Compared to the previous results, these conditions are easy to verify. Then we develop sufficient conditions for global delay-independent stability for genetic regulatory networks. Compared to the previous results, this sufficient condition is less conservative. To illustrate theorems developed in this paper, we analyze delay-independent stability of two genetic regulatory networks: a real-life repressilatory network with three genes and three proteins, and a synthetic gene regulatory network with five genes and seven proteins. The simulation results show that the theorems developed in this paper can effectively determine the delay-independent stability of genetic regulatory networks.
Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation type iii transfected into a small cell lung cancer cell line is predominantly localized at the cell surface and enhances the malignant phenotype

In the present study we transfected the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐negative small cell lung cancer cell line, GLC3, with the type III EGFR mutation (EGFRvIII). The EGFRvIII protein could be detected by Western blot analysis as a 145‐kDa protein, which by immunohistochemistry appeared to be localized at the cell surface. Ultrastructurally EGFRvIII was expressed mainly at the cell surface with clusters at cell–cell contacts. In the in vitro invasion assay, GLC3‐EGFRvIII cells had a ≈5‐fold increased invasion compared with uninduced GLC3‐EGFRvIII, GLC3‐Tet‐On and the parental cell line. GLC3‐Tet‐On appeared uniform in size with adherence junctions at cell–cell contacts. In uninduced GLC3‐EGFRvIII cells adherence junctions were also present but less distinct. In doxycycline‐pretreated GLC3‐EGFRvIII cells, adherence junctions were absent. We conclude that the expression of EGFRvIII results in a more malignant phenotype. This effect appears to involve the disruption of adherence junctions. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Improved OPA Model and Blackout Risk Assessment

The ORNL-PSerc-Alaska (OPA) model is a blackout model proposed by researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Power System Engineering Research Center of Wisconsin University (PSerc), and Alaska University (Alaska). Although the OPA model is a landmark study, it has two limitations. First, there is a significant difference between simulation and practice in transmission line outage and update; and second, the simulation of cascading failure and the probability distribution of blackout size are in general not accurate enough. Hence, an improved OPA model is proposed in this paper to address these limitations. The proposed model contains two layers of iteration. The inner iteration describes the fast dynamics of the system and considers the influence of power flow, dispatching, automation, relay protection, and so on. The outer iteration describes the slow overall system evolution and is concerned with the update of the power grid, operation modes and planning. Such a model can be applied to practical large-scale systems. Furthermore, based on the Value at Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR), two new complementary blackout risk indices are defined, which reveal critical characteristics of blackouts and are used to evaluate security levels of power systems. The effectiveness of the improved OPA model is verified by the simulations concerning the Northeast Power Grid of China.
THE INFLUENCE OF STRAINS IN SOIL MECHANICS

Synopsis The aims, during the past 20 years, of the Cambridge research programme in soil mechanics are outlined. The principal objective is to develop an understanding of the stress–strain behaviour of soils so that reliable predictions can be made concerning their load-deformation characteristics at all working loads, rather than only loads at failure, in practical problems. A superstructure and its foundation can then be designed as a unit. The pressing need for the study of the load-deformation behaviour of soils in mixed boundary value problems at model scale is emphasized. New versatile shear test equipment which can impose a wide range of stress and/or strain paths, together with non-destructive methods of checking the uniformity of the behaviour of specimens, are briefly described. Typical data are presented for one problem, illustrating the variation of the passive pressure on a retaining wall with the displacement of that wall into sand. A revised statement of the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion i.
LAKE RESTORATION BY SEDIMENT REMOVAL

: Fresh water lake sediment removal is usually undertaken to deepen a lake and increase its volume to enhance fish production, to remove nutrient rich sediment, to remove toxic or hazardous material, or to reduce the abundance of rooted aquatic plants. Review of more than 60 projects and five case histories reveals that the first three objectives are usually met through sediment removal. Dredging to control aquatic plants has not been well documented. Disadvantages of dredging include cost, temporary phosphorus release from sediment, increased phytoplankton productivity, noise, lake drawdown, temporary reduction in benthic fish food organisms, the potential for toxic material release to the overlying water and potential for environmental degradation at the dredged material disposal site. The technique is recommended for deepening and for long range reduction of phosphorus release from sediment. Sediment removal to control toxic materials is possible with minimal environmental impact when proper equipment is used, but it may more than double the cost. Lack of definitive information about rooted plant regrowth rates in dredged areas prohibits explicit recommendations on sediment removal to control plant growth.