Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gait Signal Analysis with Similarity Measure

Human gait decision was carried out with the help of similarity measure design. Gait signal was selected through hardware implementation including all in one sensor, control unit, and notebook with connector. Each gait signal was considered as high dimensional data. Therefore, high dimensional data analysis was considered via heuristic technique such as the similarity measure. Each human pattern such as walking, sitting, standing, and stepping up was obtained through experiment. By the results of the analysis, we also identified the overlapped and nonoverlapped data relation, and similarity measure analysis was also illustrated, and comparison with conventional similarity measure was also carried out. Hence, nonoverlapped data similarity analysis provided the clue to solve the similarity of high dimensional data. Considered high dimensional data analysis was designed with consideration of neighborhood information. Proposed similarity measure was applied to identify the behavior patterns of different persons, and different behaviours of the same person. Obtained analysis can be extended to organize health monitoring system for specially elderly persons.
A Meta-Analysis of Consumer Choice and Subliminal Advertising

A meta-analysis is used to demonstrate the ineffectiveness of subliminal advertising to influence the consumer’s decision between alternatives. A review of narrative reviews is provided to illustrate that sample size and effect size is seldom used as the basis for evaluating whether subliminal marketing stimuli are an effective means for influencing consumer choice behavior. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that there is very little effect. The resulting coefficient had a value r = 0.0585, which places the effectiveness of subliminal advertising on choice between the impact of aspirin on heart attacks and the relationship between alcohol abuse and a tour of duty in Vietnam (Rosenthal, 1990). 0 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Subliminal advertising is a technique of exposing consumers to product pictures, brand names, or other marketing stimuli without the consumers having conscious awareness. Once exposed to a subliminal marketing stimulus, the consumer is believed to decode the information and act upon it without being able to acknowledge a communication source. For some marketers, subliminal advertising is believed to add a new dimension to the media, allowing for simultaneous product and service promotion without interfering with the consumer’s activities. Thus, the essence of a commercial can be projected repeatedly, allowing consumers to pursue activities without interruptions and marketers to have increased product exposure.
Characterization and Expression of Senescence Marker in Prolonged Passages of Rat Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The present study is aimed at optimizing the in vitro culture protocol for generation of rat bone marrow- (BM-) derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and characterizing the culture-mediated cellular senescence. The initial phase of generation and characterization was conducted using the adherent cells from Sprague Dawley (SD) rat's BM via morphological analysis, growth kinetics, colony forming unit capacity, immunophenotyping, and mesodermal lineage differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells were successfully generated and characterized as delineated by the expressions of CD90.1, CD44H, CD29, and CD71 and lack of CD11b/c and CD45 markers. Upon induction, rBM-MSCs differentiated into osteocytes and adipocytes and expressed osteocytes and adipocytes genes. However, a decline in cell growth was observed at passage 4 onwards and it was further deciphered through apoptosis, cell cycle, and senescence assays. Despite the enhanced cell viability at later passages (P4-5), the expression of senescence marker, β-galactosidase, was significantly increased at passage 5. Furthermore, the cell cycle analysis has confirmed the in vitro culture-mediated cellular senescence where cells were arrested at the G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. Although the currently optimized protocols had successfully yielded rBM-MSCs, the culture-mediated cellular senescence limits the growth of rBM-MSCs and its potential use in rat-based MSC research.
Community acquired pneumonia in adults: a study comparing clinical features and outcome in Africa (Republic of Guinea) and Europe (France).

BACKGROUND: Community acquired pneumonia is the most common cause of death from infectious disease both in western and developing countries. A study was carried out in Conakry, Republic of Guinea and Tours, France in order to compare signs, symptoms, severity of illness, risk factors, and clinical outcome of community acquired pneumonia in adult patients admitted to hospital. METHODS: The study was performed in the cities of Conakry and Tours over the same one year period. Patients with nosocomial pneumonia, tuberculosis, and those who were HIV positive were excluded. Data were recorded on the same forms in both centres. A severity score was calculated according to American Thoracic Society criteria. Follow up was evaluated at days 2, 7 and 15. RESULTS: A total of 333 patients (218 from Conakry, 115 from Tours) were included in the study with a diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia, with or without lung abscess or pleural effusion. Mean age was higher and pre-existing illness rate, dehydration, agitation, and stupor were more frequent in patients in Tours. Respiration rates of > 30 breaths/min and the incidence of crackles were identical in the two centres. Fever above 39 degrees C, initial shock, chest pain, and herpes were significantly more frequent in Conakry. Initial chest radiographic abnormalities were similar in the two groups, ranging from unilateral pleuropulmonary involvement (89% and 83% in Conakry and Tours, respectively) to diffuse patchy parenchymal disease. Parapneumonic effusion was present in 17% and 16% of the patients of Conakry and Tours, respectively. Pneumonia was considered to be severe in 33% and 42% of the patients, respectively. In Conakry first line antibiotic therapy was penicillin alone (2 million units a day) for 197 patients (90%) and second line antibiotic therapy was prescribed for 25 patients (12%). In Tours first line therapy consisted of a single antibiotic (amoxicillin, third generation cephalosporins) for 65 patients (57%) and second line antibiotic therapy was prescribed for 55 patients (48%). The clinical outcome was similar in Conakry and Tours: 88% and 85% of patients, respectively, were afebrile or clinically cured at day 15. The mortality rate was similar (6% and 8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The problems encountered in the management of community acquired pneumonia are quite different in western and developing countries. This study shows that low doses of penicillin can cure 90% of African patients with pneumonia as effectively as more aggregative treatments in European patients who are both older and have greater comorbidity. Although pneumococci with reduced penicillin sensitivity occur in western countries, this does not seem to be the case in black Africa. For these reasons, low doses of penicillin or amoxicillin remain good first line treatment.
Mating behavior and reproduction of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum.

When a bovine stanchioned in an enclosed stall and guinea pigs maintained in the laboratory were used as hosts for adult Amblyomma americanum (L.), individual male ticks were observed to inseminate 18–37 females in 43–127 days after feeding for 7–32 days before the 1st mating. Preoviposition period of replete females averaged 6.5 days (range 3–10 days). There was a highly significant correlation (r = +0.87) between the weight of the female and the weight of the egg mass she laid, but there was no significant correlation between the weight of the female and the preoviposition period. The fertility of males (determined by average percent hatch of eggs of females they inseminated) was not significantly different. Relationships existed but were inconsistent between: (1) the preoviposition periods and the weights of egg masses, (2) the percent hatch of egg masses and the order of insemination, engorgement, and detachment of females in a sequential series with 1 male, and (3) the percent hatch of eggs and the size of the egg mass.
Headache and Psychiatric Comorbidity: Historical Context, Clinical Implications, and Research Relevance

The comorbidity of headache and psychiatric disorders is a well‐recognized clinical phenomenon warranting further systematic research. Affective disorders occur with at least three‐fold greater frequency among migraineurs than among the general population, and the prevalence increases in clinical populations, especially with chronic daily headache. When present, psychiatric comorbidity complicates headache management and portends a poorer prognosis for headache treatment. However, the relationship between headache and psychopathology has historically been misunderstood, and measures of psychopathology have not always met the standard of formal Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM‐IV) criteria. In some cases, headache has been inappropriately attributed to psychological or psychiatric features, based on anecdotal observations. The challenge for future studies is to employ research methods and designs that accurately identify and classify the subset of headache patients with psychiatric disorders, evaluate their impact on headache symptoms and treatment, and identify optimal behavioral and pharmacologic treatment strategies. This article offers methodological considerations and recommendations for future research including: (i) ascribing dual‐International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. (ICHD‐2) headache and DSM‐IV psychiatric diagnoses according to reliable and valid diagnostic criteria, (ii) differentiating subclinical levels of depression and anxiety from major psychiatric disorders, (iii) encouraging validation studies of the recently published ICHD‐2 diagnoses for “headache attributed to psychiatric disorder,” (iv) expanding epidemiological research to address the range of DSM‐IV Axis I and II psychiatric diagnoses among various headache populations, (v) identifying relevant psychiatric and behavioral mediator/moderator variables, and (vi) developing empirically based screening and treatment algorithms.
Note on Reliability of the Life Events Checklist

The Life Events Checklist is a recently published measure of child and adolescent life stress (1) listing 46 life events to which subjects respond by indicating events experienced within the past year, rating these events as positive or negative, and rating the impact of these events along a four-point scale (no effect to great effect). By summing the impact ratings of events rated as positive and negative it is possible to derive positive and negative life change scores, respectively. While validity indicated by correlations between these scores and measures of health and adjustment has been provided ( 1 ) , reliability has not been adequately assessed. The present report provides such data. A total of 50 subjects (23 male, 27 female), ranging in age from 10 to 17 yr. (M = 13), drawn from the university laboratory school, were given the checklist and subsequently retested after two weeks. Positive and negative life-change scores were obtained by summing the impact ratings of events judged as desirable and undesirable (Impact rating procedure) and also by simply summing the numbers of positive and negative events experienced, giving each event a weight of one (Unit rating procedure). Here the Impact rating procedure was employed only with children aged 13 to 17 yr. (n = 27). Pearson product-moment correlations assessed the relationships between scores obtained at the first and second testings. Using the simple Unit rating procedure (sum of + events; sum of - events) the test-retest correlations for positive and negative life-change scores were . 69 (9 < ,001) and . 72 (p < .001), respectively. Normative dam were obtained from each time of
Development of an evidence-based symptom checklist for symptoms of recurrence in women with endometrial cancer

Objective: Women treated for endometrial cancer commonly attend clinic-based follow-up for up to five years even though there is evidence of discrepancies on effectiveness of this approach to improve survival. Furthermore, recent guidelines recommend patient education be the cornerstone for follow-up practices rather than clinical investigations such as medical imaging and tumor markers as prompt and thorough investigations of symptoms are more likely to improve survival. This current practice is based on little evidence and thus alternative models need to be investigated. The overall aim of the study is to identify currently available symptom checklists, determine the comprehensiveness of identified checklists, and generate an updated list of symptoms potentially associated with a recurrence for future testing that will lead to early recurrence detection ultimately improving survival. This paper also explores the definition of recurrence, determines recurrence rates, and identifies post treatment surveillance schedules in reviewed studies. Methods/materials: We conducted a systematic review of the literature extracting; routine follow-up schedules; proportion of patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic recurrence; symptoms of recurrence; prevalence of these symptoms at recurrence. Results: Overall, three previous checklists, and 12 retrospective studies were identified meeting the selection criteria. The average rate of recurrence across the studies was 13% (range 3%-19%). The proportion of patients identified with a symptomatic recurrence varied widely (overall average 67%; range 41% to 91%). The most commonly reported symptoms were vaginal bleeding (25%), pain [not further described] (16%) and abdominal pain and/or discomfort and swelling (15%) which combined, represented 56% of the total reported symptoms. The three previous checklists listed 14 and this review identified an additional 24 symptoms (e.g. vaginal discharge, extremity/bone pain and constipation) not previously identified. Conclusion: The newly developed symptom checklist expands previous ones and will be used in a prospective study to assess sensitivity and specificity to identify recurrence compared to current standard follow-up examinations. Upon completion of successful testing in a prospective study, it could potentially provide an alternative form of follow-up to the traditional surveillance method to detect recurrences in endometrial cancer survivors.
Risk Factors for Benign Breast Disease according to Histopathological Type: Comparisons with Risk Factors for Breast Cancer

We evaluated risk factors for benign breast disease by using a case‐control study method. The series was taken from participants in breast cancer screening programs during 1978–1986 in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. All benign breast lesions diagnosed during this period were reviewed and reclassified into proliferative and non‐proliferative types based on the Dupont and Page classification. Data on 382 benign breast disease cases (130 proliferative‐type cases and 252 non‐proliferative‐type cases) and 1,489 screening year‐, age‐ and screening area‐matched normal controls were used for analysis. Nulliparity or low parity and family history of breast cancer in mother or sisters were significantly associated with an increased risk of proliferative type. Premenopausal status was significantly associated with an increased risk of non‐proliferative type. No significant association with history of lactation for the last child was observed in either type, but the risk of proliferative type increased with increasing duration of lactation (P=0.08). A comparison between the present findings and the risk factors for breast cancer indicated epidemiologic similarities between proliferative benign and malignant breast lesions in general. The associations of these two lesions with lactation patterns were, however, dissimilar.
Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Different Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] Cultivars in China

China is an important centre of diversity for Prunus persica. In the present study, 17 Chinese peach cultivars were evaluated for phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Neochlorogenic acid (NCHA), chlorogenic acid (CHA), procyanidin B1 (B1), catechin (CAT), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (Q3GAL), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q3GLU), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (Q3R), and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (K3R) were identified and quantified. CHA and CAT were the predominant components in both the peel and pulp of this fruit. In general, peel extracts showed higher antioxidant activities than the pulp counterparts, consistent with the observed higher phenolic content. The melting peach cultivar “Xinyu” showed the highest antioxidant potency composite (APC) index. The principal component analysis (PCA) of peel phenolics showed a clear distinction between the melting peach and nectarine. Overall, peach cultivars rich in hydroxycinnamates and flavan-3-ols showed relatively higher antioxidant activities and might be excellent sources of phytochemicals and natural antioxidants.
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in patients with macular oedema due to branch retinal vein occlusion: a pilot study.

PURPOSE To evaluate treatment of macular oedema due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. METHODS In a prospective case series, nine patients with macular oedema due to BRVO received an intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide. Examination included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for distance and reading, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, fluorescein angiography and high resolution imaging by optical coherence tomography, preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS Preoperative mean BCVAs were 1.3 +/- 0.8 for distance vision, and 1.1 +/- 0.3 for reading acuity, respectively. A significant improvement in reading acuity was observed until 1 month (0.7 +/- 0.4, p = 0.02). No significant reduction in mean macular thickness was observed. CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide led to a significant improvement in mean VA in patients with macular oedema due to BRVO. However, the significant effect was not permanent and persisted for only 1 month.
Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in acute ischemia: value of apparent diffusion coefficient and signal intensity thresholds in predicting tissue at risk and final infarct size.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Identifying tissue at risk for infarction is an important goal of stroke imaging. This study was performed to determine whether pixel-based apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and signal intensity ratio are helpful diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging metrics to predict tissue at risk for infarction. METHODS Twelve patients presenting with acute hemispheric strokes underwent DW imaging within 7 hours of symptom onset. Region of interest (ROI), pixel-based ADC, and signal intensity analyses were performed at initial DW imaging to assess area of infarct growth, final infarct area, and normal tissue. RESULTS Pixel-based analysis was less accurate than ROI-based analysis for evaluating infarct growth or final infarct with ADC, ADC ratio, and signal intensity ratios. In pixel-based analysis, signal intensity ratios were better than ADCs or ADC ratios for identifying tissue at risk (accuracy, 67.4%) and for predicting final infarct (accuracy, 79.9%). Linear regression analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between lesion volume on quantitative DW images or ADC maps and final infarct volume (P < .001). When receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine optimal cutoffs for ADC and DW image values, the region of infarct growth was significantly correlated with only the mismatch between initial qualitative DW image and quantitative DW image signal intensity ratio (cutoff value, 1.19; R = 0.652; P = .022). CONCLUSION Pixel-based thresholds applied to ADC or DW image signal intensity maps were not accurate prognostic measures of tissue at risk. Quantitative DW images or ADC maps may provide added information not obtained by visual inspection of the qualitative DW image map.
Anomalous perovskite PbRuO3 stabilized under high pressure

Significance Perovskites had the highest density in oxides and fluorides with the formula ABX3 before the postperovskite structure was found in MgSiO3 under high temperature and high pressure. The densification of a perovskite under pressure can be realized by shortening A—X and B—X bond lengths and cooperative rotations of octahedra. In most cases, the densification is within the same space group. The behavior of PbRuO3 under high pressure offers a case where the perovskite structure can be densified by significantly shortening the A–B distance and distorting the octahedra. Forming such a highly unusual structure by Pb—Ru bonding shows the flexibility of the perovskite structure to avoid collapsing into the postperovskite structure. Perovskite oxides ABO3 are important materials used as components in electronic devices. The highly compact crystal structure consists of a framework of corner-shared BO6 octahedra enclosing the A-site cations. Because of these structural features, forming a strong bond between A and B cations is highly unlikely and has not been reported in the literature. Here we report a pressure-induced first-order transition in PbRuO3 from a common orthorhombic phase (Pbnm) to an orthorhombic phase (Pbn21) at 32 GPa by using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. This transition has been further verified with resistivity measurements and Raman spectra under high pressure. In contrast to most well-studied perovskites under high pressure, the Pbn21 phase of PbRuO3 stabilized at high pressure is a polar perovskite. More interestingly, the Pbn21 phase has the most distorted octahedra and a shortest Pb—Ru bond length relative to the average Pb—Ru bond length that has ever been reported in a perovskite structure. We have also simulated the behavior of the PbRuO3 perovskite under high pressure by first principles calculations. The calculated critical pressure for the phase transition and evolution of lattice parameters under pressure match the experimental results quantitatively. Our calculations also reveal that the hybridization between a Ru:t2g orbital and an sp hybrid on Pb increases dramatically in the Pbnm phase under pressure. This pressure-induced change destabilizes the Pbnm phase to give a phase transition to the Pbn21 phase where electrons in the overlapping orbitals form bonding and antibonding states along the shortest Ru—Pb direction at P > Pc.