Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IDENTIDADE, CONHECIMENTOS MUSICAIS E ESCOLHA PROFISSIONAL: UM ESTUDO COM ESTUDANTES DE LICENCIATURA EM MÚSICA

This article presents data concerning the profile of the students of the Music Education Program at UDESC, their prior musical knowledge, their choice of education, their labor activities during the university years, their expectations, their university entrance exam and so forth. The research was carried out over one year in the form of questionnaires, focus interviews and written documents. The investigation was theoretically and methodologically based on the work of seven research groups (ALFA-EVEDMUS). Similar studies carried out in Brazil were considered as well. The results show that more than half of the students are boys, they are more than twenty years old and have parallel professional activities; a majority chose the Music Education Program as second option with the objective to develop their music knowledge and mainly to study a music instrument; others did not express interest to work in public schools but as private instrument teachers. It is a study that aims to contribute to the debate about the education of music teachers and, as consequence, support the reforms of Music Education Programs. Keywords: Music education; Initial education; Curricular reform.
The use of event related potentials in the study of early cognitive development

The article by Guillaume Thierry is a welcome one, alerting the field to the exciting ways in which event-related potentials (ERPs) can be used to study cognitive development. It is also timely: there is great interest in the brain sciences, and in how neuroscience can be applied to cognitive development and indeed to education. In my view, however, the article is perhaps too cautious. It does not seem necessary to delay the use of ERPs in cognitive work until all in the field have agreed on the sound characterization of ERP components. It should be possible for further characterization to proceed hand-in-hand with data gathering on applied questions. In fact, as partly noted by Thierry, in the auditory domain well-characterized ERP components are already available, even for infants (e.g. Cheour et al., 1997; Leppanen and Lyytinen, 1997). Furthermore, it is of developmental interest to study older children as well as infants. If ERPs are seen as a tool to complement existing behavioural investigations, rather than as a stand-alone method to be used independently, then auditory ERPs can certainly be used in current cognitive-developmental work. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coping Strategies as Predictors of Distress in Survivors of Single and Multiple Sexual Victimization and Nonvictimized Controls

This study investigated the relationship between coping strategies and distress symptomatology in survivors of sexual revictimization. Coping strategies were assessed with the revised Ways of Coping Scale (Aldwin & Revenson, 1987). Distress symptoms included global distress, depression, anxiety, and somatization. Subjects were 44 survivors of sexual victimization in both childhood and adulthood; 54 survivors of a single incident of sexual victimization in childhood; and 256 nonvictimized individuals. All were drawn from a subject pool of female undergraduate students. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences between groups on reported symptomatology and coping strategies. Victimized groups reported more distress than did the nonvictimized group. The multiple victimization group indicated greater use of coping strategies than did the nonvictimized group, and both victimized groups reported greater use of the escapism strategy than did the nonvictimized group. Multiple backward regression analysis found that coping strategies were predictive of distress symptomatology in all three groups, with escapism as the most potent predictor of distress for each group. Coping strategies were the most powerful predictors of distress in the multiply victimized group. The results of this study provide strong support for the importance of addressing coping strategies in clinical intervention of distress, particularly with survivors of multiple sexual victimization.
Big bang nucleosynthesis with a varying fine structure constant and nonstandard expansion rate

We calculate the primordial abundances of light elements produced during big bang nucleosynthesis when the fine structure constant and/or the cosmic expansion rate take nonstandard values. We compare them with the recent values of observed D, ${}^{4}\mathrm{He},$ and ${}^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ abundances, which show a slight inconsistency among themselves in the standard big bang nucleosynthesis scenario. This inconsistency is not solved by considering either a varying fine structure constant or a nonstandard expansion rate separately but solutions are found by their simultaneous existence.
Public Preferences for High Rise Buildings: Stylistic and Demographic Effects

Three styles of high rise architecture were compared to each other with respect to the preferences of a random sample of a city's population and several demographic subdivisions thereof. Contrary to expectations, the random sample of respondents actually preferred the most modern buildings over the older buildings. Also contrary to expectations, high intergroup consensus was found for all demographic subdivisions except for political affiliation.
Prevalence of tethered spinal cord in infants with VACTERL.

OBJECT The term VACTERL represents a nonrandom association of birth defects including vertebral malformations, anal atresia, cardiac anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEFs), renal anomalies, and limb malformations. Clinical experience and a few published case series suggest that a tethered spinal cord (TSC) occurs commonly in children with VACTERL, but to date, no study has defined the prevalence of TSC in patients with VACTERL. Such information would guide decisions about the appropriateness of screening spinal imaging. METHODS The authors reviewed the charts of all patients discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit at Children's Hospital Pittsburgh in the past 14 years with the diagnosis of VACTERL, TEF, or anal atresia. During that period, the authors' protocol has been to use spinal ultrasound to screen this population for TSC. The charts were reviewed for the presence of a TSC requiring surgery and for the features of VACTERL. RESULTS Thirty-three patients with VACTERL and adequate spinal imaging studies were identified. In 13 (39%) of these, a TSC requiring surgery was identified. Among patients without VACTERL, the incidence of TSC was 7.9% in those with anal atresia and 2.4% in those with TEF. False-negative ultrasounds were identified in 21.4% of patients with TSC. CONCLUSIONS Children with VACTERL should undergo MR imaging screening for TSC. In infants with anal atresia without VACTERL, the incidence of TSC is much lower than in those with VACTERL.
Characteristics of Moral Problems as Formulated by Gifted Adolescents.

Abstract A study was conducted to examine the nature of moral problems as formulated by gifted adolescents. Subjects from Grades 9‐12 were asked to generate stories involving a moral problem and to provide a solution. As in Kohlberg's moral dilemmas, students depicted a central protagonist as well as a definite subsidiary character. There was a significant relationship between the sex of the student and the sex of the protagonist. The protagonist and subsidiary characters were approximate to the age of the subject. Half (53 per cent) of the moral problems involved friendship or a love relationship between the protagonist and the subsidiary character. Most subjects (92 per cent) were able to give guidelines for a solution to their moral problem. Solutions to moral problems were categorized as indicating primarily either a personal (focus on self) or social (focus on group or society at large) perspective. The majority (55 per cent) of subjects gave solutions based on a social perspective, while 45 per cent.
Career-Priority Patterns among Managerial and Professional Women in Norway

This research examined correlates of Norwegian managerial and professional women's patterns of career priority to replicate findings from a large Canadian study. 191 women indicated their commitment to career-primary (n= 32) or career-family (n= 159) orientations. The latter earned less income, worked fewer hours per week, and spent more time on household tasks. They also were less involved with their jobs and held less optimistic future career prospects. Fewer significant correlates were observed among Norwegian than Canadian managerial women.
The Effects of Professional Role, Decision Context, and Gender on the Ethical Decision Making of Public Accounting Professionals

ABSTRACT: This study investigates the degree to which professional role (auditor or tax professional), decision context (an audit or tax environment), and gender influence the ethical decision making of public accounting professionals. The primary analysis, including all 134 accounting professionals who participated in our experiment, indicates that these participants are both less likely to indicate they would concede to a client in a contentious situation and less likely to recommend conceding when they are in an audit as opposed to tax context. Furthermore, work experience in auditing (as opposed to tax) is associated with a decreased likelihood of conceding to the client in both contexts. However, when data for males and females are analyzed separately, professional role, context, and moral intensity are significantly related to males' decision making, but are not significant with respect to females' decisions. This suggests that males and females may use different decision-making processes. Possible .
Outcomes of the Social Competence Program Second Step in Norwegian Elementary Schools

The aim of the present article was to investigate the outcomes of the universal social competence promotion program Second Step in a typical `real world' implementation in Norway. We addressed the effects of the program on social competence and externalizing and internalizing problem behaviour among 1,153 fifth and sixth grade students (11 schools, 55 classrooms) after one year of intervention. Although the program is originally American, Second Step has been translated and adapted for the Norwegian setting and renamed Steg for Steg. Applying Linear Mixed Modelling, the results from the age cohort design with comparison groups show that the program had significant positive effects on social competence for boys and girls in grade 5 and for girls in grade 6. Boys in grade 6 reported lower levels of externalizing problem behaviour compared to control students. There were no effects in regard to internalizing problem behaviour. The analysis also revealed that the results varied between classrooms. These results may be considered to add weight to the evidence in support of a wider implementation of the Second Step program.
The ciliary ganglion and vitreous cavity shape.

PURPOSE To learn the influence of the ciliary ganglion on the postnatal growth of eyes with unimpaired visual input and of eyes beneath an image diffusing goggle. METHODS Newborn chicks received unilateral ciliary ganglionectomy or unilateral sham operation and were reared either with or without a goggle ipsilateral to the surgical procedure. Ocular refractions and ultrasound measurements were made on anesthetized chicks; eyes enucleated postmortem were measured in axial and equatorial dimensions with calipers and studied histologically. RESULTS Excessive growth of open eyes in the equatorial dimensions followed ciliary ganglionectomy and became more pronounced as the chicks grew older. There was only a modest increase in axial growth. Ganglionectomy also induced relative hyperopia; lens thinning contributed to this effect and likely was a direct result of disrupted parasympathetic input to the ciliary muscle. Ganglionectomy also slightly increased the thickness of the choroid in the posterior pole but not in more peripheral locations. CONCLUSION We conclude that the ciliary ganglion exerts an inhibitory influence on the postnatal growth of open eyes; the main effect is in the equatorial dimension of the vitreous cavity, with a smaller effect on axial length. Ciliary ganglionectomy exerted minimal influence on the development of experimental myopia, known to be induced by the goggle regimen. The amount of equatorial expansion in goggle-induced myopia was greater than after ganglionectomy alone, indicating that other factors besides the ciliary ganglion can influence the equatorial dimension of the vitreous cavity.
Analysis of Renal Artery Stenosis in Patients with Heart Failure: A RASHEF Study

Background: Previous data are controversial about the association of renal artery stenosis (RAS) with clinical outcome in patients with heart failure. Definition of RAS in previous studies might not be appropriate. By definition of RAS with renal duplex sonography, we investigated the association of RAS with clinical outcome in patients with heart failure. Methods: In this retrospective study, we identified 164 patients with heart failure (New York Heart Association classification ≥II; left ventricular ejection fraction <50%) who had received renal duplex sonography during hospital stay. RAS was defined as renal-aortic ratio ≥3.5 or a peak systolic velocity ≥200 cm/s (or both), or occlusion of the renal artery. Categorical data of patients were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling technique was used to investigate the prognostic significance of possible predictors. Results: Finally, 143 patients were enrolled. Median follow-up time was 32 months (1–53 months). Twenty-two patients were diagnosed as RAS by renal duplex sonography, including 13 unilateral RAS (3 left RAS, 10 right RAS) and 9 bilateral RAS. There were more all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death in patients with RAS than patients without RAS. By multivariate analysis, RAS was a significant predictor for all-cause death and cardiovascular death (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.155, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.546–11.164, P = 0.005; and HR = 3.483, 95% CI: 1.200–10.104, P = 0.022, respectively). As for composite endpoint events, including death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke or intracranial hemorrhage, rehospitalization for cardiac failure, and renal replacement therapy, only angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker was significant predictor. RAS was not a significant predictor for composite endpoint events. Conclusions: Our data suggested that RAS is associated with a poorer clinical outcome in patients with heart failure.
Mind full or mindful: a report on mindfulness and psychological health in healthy adolescents

Mindfulness is defined as a non-judgemental awareness and accepting of present-moment experience. With intentional attendance to one's ongoing stream of thoughts, sensations and emotions as they arise, it allows the individual to react with less impulsivity and flexibility. However, empirical findings of mindfulness to date have largely been confined to outcome studies using clinical populations. This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between mindfulness, self-esteem, resiliency and mental health symptoms (anxiety, stress, depression and cognitive inflexibility) in a sample of 106 healthy adolescents. Participants completed a set of questionnaires. First, we found moderate effect size for anxiety, depression and self-esteem and large effect size for cognitive inflexibility. These results, when compared with clinical samples, demonstrated similar trends found in a healthy adolescent sample. Second, predictive value of mindfulness was examined and we found significant contribution of mindfulness to mental and psychological health.
Pattern of emotional overinvolvement in relatives of patients with schizophrenia: A stress syndrome analogue?

The aetiology of relatives' criticism (CC), hostility (H), and emotional overinvolvement (EOI) towards patients with schizophrenia is not clear. We analysed data from a study about expressed emotion (EE) in relatives of patients with schizophrenia according to DSM-III-R, to explore evidence of a relationship between EE pattern and a stress response syndrome in the relatives. CC, H, and EOI in 58 relatives of 40 patients with schizophrenia were assessed with the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) shortly after admission and 4.5 months after discharge. Each relative's stress response was assessed with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30). Relatives with a consistently high or a shifting EOI level reported prolonged higher stress scores than relatives with consistently low EOI level. We found no association between CC, H, and prolonged higher stress scores. Our study suggests that EOI could be linked to a stress response syndrome, whereas this does not seem to be the case for CC and H. If confirmed in fu.
Dependence of blood R2 relaxivity on CPMG echo‐spacing at 2.35 and 7 T

The transverse relaxation rate (R2) of fresh human blood has been investigated at high and ultrahigh field, to characterize the R2 dependency on blood sample oxygenation, hematocrit, and Carr‐Purcell Meiboom‐Gill sequence inter‐echo spacing. Data were fitted to chemical exchange and diffusion models to assess their performance at different field strengths. The diffusion model gave a slightly superior fit at both field strengths, but the difference is unlikely to be relevant for the signal to noise ratio achieved in most in vivo experiments. Fitted model parameters were similar to those found in literature. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of race on sentencing: A meta-analytic review of experimental studies.

This article presents a meta-analytic review of simulation studies that examine the effect of defendant's race on jurors' sentencing decisions. Several narrative reviews have characterized the results of these studies as inconsistent or demonstrating only occasional effects. In contrast, the present meta-analysis indicated significant overall support for the hypothesis that racial bias influences sentencing decisions. In addition, our analysis failed to support several common generalizations that have been made about this literature. That is, we did not find that stronger results were associated with older studies, those taking place in the southern US, or those involving the crime of rape. Instead, several components of methodological rigor—the nature of the race manipulation, presence of controls for victim's race, and specification of the race of the subject sample—were most closely associated with stronger results in these studies.
Leader Purposefulness within Servant Leadership: Examining the Effect of Servant Leadership, Leader Follower-Focus, Leader Goal-Orientation, and Leader Purposefulness in a Large U.S. Healthcare Organization

As the study of servant leadership expands beyond theoretical exploration, empirical research continues to validate the positive effect of servant leadership behaviors and attitudes on diverse follower and organizational measures. This study expands the conversation by engaging the theme of leader purposefulness within servant leadership studies. A sample of over 1700 employees from a large U.S. healthcare organization provided responses to five research instruments. Follower perspectives on servant leadership, leader follower-focus, leader goal-orientation, and leader purposefulness were assessed using the Purpose in Leadership Inventory and each of these independent variables were analyzed for hypothesized positive relationships with four dependent variables: follower job satisfaction, follower organizational commitment, follower person-organization fit, and follower perception of leadership effectiveness. Each of the 16 hypothesized relationships were supported at a statistically significant level (<0.001) with positive correlations ranging from 0.40 to 0.88. Regression analyses were conducted to provide predictive modeling and indicators of the relative importance of each independent variable on the related dependent variables.
NEGOTIATING POWER, IDENTITY, FAMILY, AND COMMUNITY

Women's community participation re(creates) community and identity. In this article, the author explores the collective identities that are built around motherhood, rape-crisis work, Latino empowerment, and political activism for 39 Anglo and 11 Latina women. The reflexive relationship between communities and identities in relation to class background, gender, age, generation, and race-ethnicity are examined. It is argued that women embrace—as well as negotiate—cultural expectations of mothers, homemakers, and elders through their community participation. The author explores work in the community as a venue for women to stretch across class-based interests and race-ethnic identities even while both influence women's community involvements. Finally, the often overlooked relationships between women's community participation and discourses of state responsibility for citizens are considered by indicating ways in which women channel state resources and expand the parameters of the needs and meaning of “community. ”
Gastric electrical stimulation with Enterra therapy improves symptoms of idiopathic gastroparesis

Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is a therapeutic option for intractable symptoms of gastroparesis (GP). Idiopathic GP (ID‐GP) represents a subset of GP. AIMS: A prospective, multicenter, double‐blinded, randomized, crossover study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Enterra GES in the treatment of chronic vomiting in ID‐GP.
Deterioration over time in effect of Motivational Interviewing in reducing drug consumption and related risk among young people.

AIM To test whether beneficial effects of a single session of Motivational Interviewing (MI) on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use apparent after 3 months were maintained until 12 months. DESIGN Cluster randomized trial, allocating 200 young people in the natural groups in which they were recruited to either MI (n = 105) or to an assessment-only control condition (n = 95). SETTING Ten further education colleges across inner London. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred young people who were current users of illegal drugs (age range 16-20 years) with whom contact was established through peers trained for the project. INTERVENTION The intervention was adapted from MI in the form of a topic-based 1-hour single-session discussion. MEASUREMENTS Changes in cigarette, alcohol, cannabis and other drug use and perceptions of risk and harm between the time of recruitment and follow-up interviews after 3 and 12 months. FINDINGS A satisfactory follow-up rate (81%) was achieved. After 12 months, 3-month differences between MI and assessment-only groups have disappeared almost entirely. Unexpected improvements by the assessment-only control group on a number of outcomes suggest the possibility of reactivity to the research assessment at 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSION In the terms of the original experiment, there is little evidence of enduring intervention effectiveness shown by between-group differences after 12 months. Deterioration of effect is the most probable explanation, although reactivity to 3-month assessment, a late Hawthorne effect, cannot be ruled out.