Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Channel quantization for physical layer network-coded two-way relaying

The design of modulation schemes for the physical layer network-coded two way relaying scenario is considered with the protocol which employs two phases: Multiple access (MA) Phase and Broadcast (BC) phase. It was observed by Koike-Akino et al. that adaptively changing the network coding map used at the relay according to the channel conditions greatly reduces the impact of multiple access interference which occurs at the relay during the MA phase. In other words, the set of all possible channel realizations (the complex plane) is quantized into a finite number of regions, with a specific network coding map giving the best performance in a particular region. We obtain such a quantization analytically for the case when M-PSK (for M any power of 2) is the signal set used during the MA phase. We show that the complex plane can be classified into two regions: a region in which any network coding map which satisfies the so called exclusive law gives the same best performance and a region in which the choice of the network coding map affects the performance, which is further quantized based on the choice of the network coding map which optimizes the performance. The quantization thus obtained analytically, leads to the same as the one obtained using computer search for 4-PSK signal set by Koike-Akino et al., for the specific value of M = 4.
High-fidelity universal quantum gates through group-symmetrized rapid passage

Twisted rapid passage is a type of non-adiabatic rapid passage that generates controllablequantum interference effects that were first observed experimentally in 2003. It is shownthat twisted rapid passage sweeps can be used to implement a universal set of quantumgates GU that operate with high-fidelity. The gate set GU consists of the Hadamardand NOT gates, together with variants of the phase, π/8, and controlled-phase gates.For each gate g in GU, sweep parameter values are provided which simulations indicatewill produce a unitary operation that approximates g with error probabilityPe < 10-4. Note that all gates in GU are implemented using a single family of control-field, and theerror probability for each gate falls below the rough-and-ready estimate for the accuracythreshold Pa ∼ 10-4.
Are the baseline chances of survival comparable between the candidates for kidney transplantation who actually receive a graft and those who never get one?

BACKGROUND The superiority of kidney transplantation over dialysis for patient survival often is assessed by comparing the survival rate of candidates who get a graft to that of those on the waiting list who do not. This study tries to ascertain if the two groups are comparable in terms of their chances of surviving. METHODS Of the 187 non-diabetic patients who entered our waiting list during 1998 and 1999 for first cadaveric kidney transplants, 81 received a graft and 106 did not. We compared the two groups for factors which could affect survival and that were present at the moment of acceptance on the list. As one of those factors was the clinical score quantifying health status, as given by the transplant team and rated from 1 (high risk) to 4 (very good), we assessed its reliability by evaluating the survival of the patients we transplanted between 1988 and 1996, grouped according to that score. RESULTS Transplanted patients had been immunized less frequently (2 vs 13%; P=0.02), had a lower dialytic age (16.9+/-2.1 vs 22.9+/-2.1 months; P<0.05), and better clinical scores (2.9+/-0.1 vs 2.6+/-0.1; P<0.05). The two groups did not differ in age, gender, or the presence of single specific diseases. Logistic regression analysis confirmed the results of univariate analysis. The clinical score was a very strong predictor of patient survival, as the survival of patients transplanted from 1988 to 1996 progressively improved with better scores (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Transplanted patients actually differ from non-transplanted candidates with respect to various factors potentially affecting survival. The difference is highly relevant clinically, yet it is not easily detected when considering mainly the presence or absence of specific diseases. A global quantitative clinical parameter based on a thorough medical evaluation is required to identify differences.
Ku-/Ka-Band Extrapolation of the Altimeter Cross Section and Assessment With Jason2/AltiKa Data

A simple extrapolation technique is proposed for the intercalibration of the Ku- and Ka-band altimeter data based on a recent analytical scattering model referred to as “GO4. ” This method is tested with AltiKa and Jason2-Ku altimeters using one year of reprocessed data with the improved retracking algorithm ICENEW. The variations of the normalized radar cross section with respect to the main oceanic parameters are investigated in the Ku and Ka bands; the latter band is shown to have an increased sensitivity to wind speed, significant wave height as well as sea surface temperature. As a by-product of this analysis, we derive an original expression for the swell impact on the mean square slope, which allows to correct the GO4 model for the contribution of long waves. We show that the Ku/Ka prediction agrees within 0.25 dB with the respective levels of AltiKa and Jason2-Ku cross sections at wind speed larger than 4 m/s.
The culturalization of class and the occluding of class consciousness: the knowledge industry in/of education

The Marxist concept of class is necessary in order to combat neo-liberal and neoconservative initiatives that work systematically to reduce education to an adjunct serving the interests of the capitalist class in extracting ever more profit for itself. The Marxist concept of class, because it connects inequitable social relations and explains them as both connected and rooted in the social relations of production, enables class consciousness and the knowledges necessary to replace capitalism with socialism. The Marxist concept of class, however, has been emptied of its explanatory power by theorists in the field of education as elsewhere who have converted it into a term that simply describes, and cannot explain the root causes of, strata of the population and the inequities among them. This essay critiques sample theorists in the field of education who have participated in the conversion of the Marxist concept of class to a descriptive term by culturalizing it - pluralizing it and cutting its connection to the social relations of exploitation that are central to capitalism. Such knowledge workers serve the interests of the capitalist class. The essay argues for the necessity of the Marxist concept of class, as well as of class consciousness, in combating and transforming capitalism into socialism.
Exploring the Schooling Experiences of Turbulent Children from Low Income Families

This thesis studies the effects and experiences of changing schools outside of the normal periods of key-stage transition: what is known in the literature as turbulence. While there have been many quantitative studies examining the effects of turbulence on educational achievement, there have been no systematic qualitative studies. The quantitative literature has, typically, identified an educational ‘penalty’ for highly mobile or turbulent children from low income backgrounds and has used various social capital theories to explain this penalty. This longitudinal study of seven turbulent children examines their experiences of entering a new school and follows them through from primary into secondary school. Interviews with the children and some of their families are triangulated with classroom observations and school data. Since these children can be seen as ‘strangers’ to the various aspects of school, the latter is theorised in terms of social spaces. The study finds an explanation for the education penalty in terms of these children’s focus on forming friendships at the cost of their educational progress. In the absence of stable friendships, they are excluded and isolated in school. Through the process of understanding the roles of friendship in social capital formation the study criticises the work of some of the key social capital theorists, in particular, James Coleman, Pierre Bourdieu and Robert Putnam and seeks to develop a better understanding of the bases of social capital formation for school children.
Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of the Antiviral Agent β-d-2′,3′-Dideoxy-3′-Oxa-5-Fluorocytidine in Cells and Rhesus Monkeys

ABSTRACT β-d-2′,3′-Dideoxy-3′-oxa-5-fluorocytidine (d-FDOC) is an effective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2, simian immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intracellular metabolism of d-FDOC in human hepatoma (HepG2), human T-cell lymphoma (CEM), and primary human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells by using tritiated compound. By 24 h, the levels of d-FDOC-triphosphate (d-FDOC-TP) were 2.8 ± 0.4, 6.7 ± 2.3, and 2.0 ± 0.1 pmol/106 cells in HepG2, CEM, and primary human PBM cells, respectively. Intracellular d-FDOC-TP concentrations remained greater than the 50% inhibitory concentration for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase for up to 24 h after removal of the drug from cell cultures. In addition to d-FDOC-monophosphate (d-FDOC-MP), -diphosphate (d-FDOC-DP), and -TP, d-FDOC-DP-ethanolamine and d-FDOC-DP-choline were detected in all cell extracts as major intracellular metabolites. d-FDOC was not a substrate for Escherichia coli thymidine phosphorylase. No toxicity was observed in mice given d-FDOC intraperitoneally for 6 days up to a dose of 100 mg/kg per day. Pharmacokinetic studies in rhesus monkeys indicated that d-FDOC has a t1/2 of 2.1 h in plasma and an oral bioavailability of 38%. The nucleoside was excreted unchanged primary in the urine, and no metabolites were detected in plasma or urine. These results suggest that further safety and pharmacological studies are warranted to assess the potential of this nucleoside for the treatment of HIV- and HBV-infected individuals.
Effects of myocardial protection in hypertrophic rabbit hearts: structural and ultra structural analysis.

OBJECTIVE To experimentally compare the structural and ultrastructural changes in isolated hypertrophied rabbits' hearts submitted to cardiac arrest protected using sanguineous and crystalloid cardioplegia solutions. METHOD The study comprised two experimental groups and one control group. In Experimental Group I, cardiac arrest was achieved by the continuous infusion of tepid sanguineous cardioplegia solution. In Experimental Group II, cardiac arrest was obtained by an intermittent infusion of a cold crystalloid cardioplegia solution. In the Control Group the hearts were submitted to normothermic anoxic arrest for 45 minutes. After the procedures, eight samples of the left ventricle lateral wall were collected and fixed in 10% formaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde for structural and ultrastructural analysis. RESULTS The structural and ultrastructural results demonstrated that the hearts submitted to cardiac arrest protected by continuous tepid sanguineous cardioplegia, Group I, were better preserved and with less accentuated cellular alterations compared to those submitted to cardiac arrest protected using intermittent cold crystalloid cardioplegia and the Control Group. CONCLUSION Continuous tepid sanguineous cardioplegia was more efficient in the preservation of the structural and ultrastructural integrity of the myocardium when compared to intermittent cold crystalloid cardioplegia.
Preferred Binding Orientations of Phenacetin in CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 Are Associated with Isoform-Selective Metabolism

Human cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1A2 play important roles in drug metabolism and chemical carcinogenesis. Although these two enzymes share high sequence identity, they display different substrate specificities and inhibitor susceptibilities. In the present studies, we investigated the structural basis for these differences with phenacetin as a probe using a number of complementary approaches, such as enzyme kinetics, stoichiometric assays, NMR, and molecular modeling. Kinetic and stoichiometric analyses revealed that substrate specificity (kcat/Km) of CYP1A2 was approximately 18-fold greater than that of CYP1A1, as expected. Moreover, despite higher H2O2 production, the coupling efficiency of reducing equivalents to acetaminophen formation in CYP1A2 was tighter than that in CYP1A1. CYP1A1, in contrast to CYP1A2, displayed much higher uncoupling, producing more water. The subsequent NMR longitudinal (T1) relaxation studies with the substrate phenacetin and its product acetaminophen showed that both compounds displayed similar binding orientations within the active site of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. However, the distance between the OCH2 protons of the ethoxy group (site of phenacetin O-deethylation) and the heme iron was 1.5 Å shorter in CYP1A2 than in CYP1A1. The NMR findings are thus consistent with our kinetic and stoichiometric results, providing a likely molecular basis for more efficient metabolism of phenacetin by CYP1A2.
Topological and metric properties of Hénon-type strange attractors.

We use the set of all periodic points of H\'enon-type mappings to develop a theory of the topological and metric properties of their attractors. The topology of a H\'enon-type attractor is conveniently represented by a two-dimensional symbol plane, with the allowed and disallowed orbits cleanly separated by the ``pruning front. '' The pruning front is a function discontinuous on every binary rational number, but for maps with finite dissipation \ensuremath{\Vert}b\ensuremath{\Vert}l1, it is well approximated by a few steps, or, in the symbolic dynamics language, by a finite grammar. Thus equipped with the complete list of allowed periodic points, we reconstruct (to resolution of order ${b}^{n}$) the physical attractor by piecing together the linearized neighborhoods of all periodic points of cycle length n. We use this representation to compute the singularity spectrum f(\ensuremath{\alpha}). The description in terms of periodic points works very well in the ``hyperbolic phase,'' for \ensuremath{\alpha} larger than some ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}$, where ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}$ is the value of \ensuremath{\alpha} corresponding to the (conjectured) phase transition.
Knockout of the tetraspanin Cd9 in the TRAMP model of de novo prostate cancer increases spontaneous metastases in an organ‐specific manner

Prostate cancer is an extremely heterogeneous disease; patients that do progress to late‐stage metastatic prostate cancer have limited treatment options, mostly palliative. Molecules involved in the metastatic cascade may prove beneficial in stratifying patients to assign appropriate treatment modalities and may also prove to be therapeutic antimetastatic targets. The tetraspanin group of molecules are integral membrane proteins that associate with motility‐related proteins such as integrins. Clinical studies have mostly shown that reduced expression levels of the tetraspanin CD9 are correlated with tumour progression in a range of cancers. Furthermore, functional studies have shown CD9 to be involved in cell motility and adhesion and that it may influence metastasis. The effects of endogenous CD9 on prostate cancer initiation and progression were analysed by crossing a Cd9−/− (KO) murine model with a model of de novo developing and spontaneously metastasising prostate cancer, namely the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate model. Our study demonstrates for the first time that ablation of Cd9 had no detectable effect on de novo primary tumour onset, but did significantly increase metastasis to the liver but not the lungs.
Applying the theory of planned behaviour to walking : development and evaluation of measures and an intervention

This research applied the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to the development and evaluation of a TPB measure of walking cognitions and an intervention to encourage walking behaviour. Study one (N=10) used interpretative phenomenological analysis to provide a rich and detailed account of walking in which participants reported walking as not being “proper” exercise. Perceptions of walking were incongruent with current health promotion campaigns, which focus on the health benefits of walking. Study two (N=180) demonstrated the wide range of beliefs that people hold in relation to walking and was used to develop a TPB questionnaire based on current recommendations. Study three (N=45) showed that TPB measurement development yields problematic questions, making it difficult for participants to interpret and respond to questions. Perceived behavioral control (PBC) was identified as the key determinant of walking behaviour. The final study (N=130) demonstrated that increasing PBC led to an increase in objectively measured walking, in general public participants, from 20 minutes to 32 minutes a day. At one month follow up, participants maintained their increases in walking. Overall, the findings of this thesis partially support the proposed causal nature of the TPB as a framework for developing and evaluating health behaviour change interventions.
Effect of dilution, temperature and pH on the lysis activity of t4 phage against E.coli BL21

The effect of various “range” of dilution, temperature and pH on T4 bacteriophage lytic activity against Escherichia coli had been characterized. Results showed that T4 bacteriophage did lysis from 10-1 to 10-7 dilutions, while no lysis at dilutions 10-8 to 10-10. The yield of T4 bacteriophage is highly dependent upon temperature. Low temperatures of 4°C did not permit T4 bacteriophage to perform lysis on host. While at 15°C, 25°C and 30°C there has been lysis but with little delay. Similarly at thermophilic temperature 41°C T4 bacteriophage developed and performed lysis on its host but at temperature regimes of 45°C, 55°C and 70°C, the T4 bacteriophage was completely inactive. The ideal temperature for T4 bacteriolytic activity was 37°C. pH of media was also found affecting virus survival indirectly by influencing extent of virus adsorption to other particles and surfaces and T4 bacteriophage was stable in pH range from 4 to 10. Our study demonstrates that apart from ideal values of respective parameters previously been demonstrated, the lytic activity of T4 bacteriophage is maximal at various other values of temperature, pH and dilution, which can broaden the spectrum of application of phage therapy.
Minimisation of a Free-Energy-Like Potential for Non-Equilibrium Systems at Steady State

This study examines a new formulation of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, which gives a conditional derivation of the ``maximum entropy production'' (MEP) principle for flow and/or chemical reaction systems at steady state. The analysis uses a dimensionless potential function $\phi_{st}$ for non-equilibrium systems, analogous to the free energy concept of equilibrium thermodynamics. Spontaneous reductions in $\phi_{st}$ arise from increases in the ``flux entropy'' of the system - a measure of the variability of the fluxes - or in the local entropy production; conditionally, depending on the behaviour of the flux entropy, the formulation reduces to the MEP principle. The inferred steady state is also shown to exhibit high variability in its instantaneous fluxes and rates, consistent with the observed behaviour of turbulent fluid flow, heat convection and biological systems; one consequence is the coexistence of energy producers and consumers in ecological systems. The different paths for attaining steady state are also classified.
RBM3 regulates temperature sensitive miR-142–5p and miR-143 (thermomiRs), which target immune genes and control fever

Fever is commonly used to diagnose disease and is consistently associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients. However, the molecular controls of elevated body temperature are poorly understood. We discovered that the expression of RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3), known to respond to cold stress and to modulate microRNA (miRNA) expression, was reduced in 30 patients with fever, and in THP-1-derived macrophages maintained at a fever-like temperature (40°C). Notably, RBM3 expression is reduced during fever whether or not infection is demonstrable. Reduced RBM3 expression resulted in increased expression of RBM3-targeted temperature-sensitive miRNAs, we termed thermomiRs. ThermomiRs such as miR-142–5p and miR-143 in turn target endogenous pyrogens including IL-6, IL6ST, TLR2, PGE2 and TNF to complete a negative feedback mechanism, which may be crucial to prevent pathological hyperthermia. Using normal PBMCs that were exogenously exposed to fever-like temperature (40°C), we further demonstrate the trend by which decreased levels of RBM3 were associated with increased levels of miR-142–5p and miR-143 and vice versa over a 24 h time course. Collectively, our results indicate the existence of a negative feedback loop that regulates fever via reduced RBM3 levels and increased expression of miR-142–5p and miR-143.
Coevolutionary diversification creates nested-modular structure in phage–bacteria interaction networks

Phage and their bacterial hosts are the most diverse and abundant biological entities in the oceans, where their interactions have a major impact on marine ecology and ecosystem function. The structure of interaction networks for natural phage–bacteria communities offers insight into their coevolutionary origin. At small phylogenetic scales, observed communities typically show a nested structure, in which both hosts and phages can be ranked by their range of resistance and infectivity, respectively. A qualitatively different multi-scale structure is seen at larger phylogenetic scales; a natural assemblage sampled from the Atlantic Ocean displays large-scale modularity and local nestedness within each module. Here, we show that such ‘nested-modular’ interaction networks can be produced by a simple model of host–phage coevolution in which infection depends on genetic matching. Negative frequency-dependent selection causes diversification of hosts (to escape phages) and phages (to track their evolving hosts). This creates a diverse community of bacteria and phage, maintained by kill-the-winner ecological dynamics. When the resulting communities are visualized as bipartite networks of who infects whom, they show the nested-modular structure characteristic of the Atlantic sample. The statistical significance and strength of this observation varies depending on whether the interaction networks take into account the density of the interacting strains, with implications for interpretation of interaction networks constructed by different methods. Our results suggest that the apparently complex community structures associated with marine bacteria and phage may arise from relatively simple coevolutionary origins.