Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of bovine and caprine casein phosphopeptides differing in αs1-casein content in determining the absorption of calcium from bovine and caprine calcium-fortified milks in rats

Bovine and caprine milks have a similar overall gross composition, but vary considerably in the ratios of their casein components. These differences cause significant changes in the ability of caseins to bind and stabilize calcium (Ca). It might be expected that these in vitro variations, which are thought to be due to differences in casein phosphopeptides (CPP) content, could lead to in vivo differences in the digestion and absorption of Ca. To test this hypothesis three milks with different casein ratios [bovine (B), caprine high in αs1-casein (CH) and caprine low in αs1-casein (CL)] were compared with regard to Ca absorption and deposition in growing male rats. For comparison, each milk was Ca-fortified (BCa-milk, CHCa-milk, and CLCa-milk) and CPP, prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis from the respective caseins (extrinsic CPP), were added to both native and Ca-milks. The effects of added CPP (extrinsic) could then be compared with intrinsic CPP released from the gastrointestinal digestion of caseins. Total gastric Ca was sampled at 15, 30 and 60 min after ingestion. No differences were found among the native milks with or without CPP, but the Ca from all Ca-milks (regardless of casein type) appeared to clear the stomach more rapidly and this was enhanced by the extrinsic CPP. The total intestinal Ca was not different among the native milks±CPP, however, it rose more rapidly with Ca fortification, and was higher at 30 min for all CPP-Ca-milks. At 60 min the total intestinal Ca level fell for the CPP-Ca-milks while all others continued to rise. These observations suggest that the CPP in Ca-milks enhance gastric clearance and uptake from the intestine. Ca availability from BCa-milk, CHCa-milk, and CLCa-milk with and without CPP was estimated by both plasma and femur uptake of 45Ca. Ca availability was enhanced at 5 h in the plasma in each case by added CPP. In all cases CPP stimulated Ca availability in the femur, but the CL-CPP was higher (P<0·05) than that of either CH-CPP or B-CPP (extrinsic CPP). Based on the results of this study we can conclude that the addition of CPP will have beneficial effect on the absorption of Ca in growing rats from CaCO3 added to bovine and caprine milks.
The effect on 24 h blood pressure control of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (perindopril) administered in the morning or at night

Objective To determine the clinic and ambulatory blood pressure when the same dose of perindopril (4 mg) is administered in the morning (0900 h), or at night (2100 h), in particular, to determine whether the early morning blood pressure rise, the duration of effect and the pattern of response differed. Methods Twenty male patients with diastolic blood pressure 95–110 mmHg when seated and 24 h mean ambulatory diastolic blood pressure >85 mmHg after 4 weeks' placebo were allocated randomly to be administered 4 mg perindopril at 0900 h or at 2100 h. Clinic blood pressure (with the patient seated and erect) was measured 2 and 4 weeks after the therapy had been started and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring with a SpaceLabs device was performed for 26 h during week 4. The patients then crossed over to the other time of dosage and the measurements were repeated. The study was conducted from a hospital clinic. Results The clinic analysis concerned all 20 patients but the ambulatory analysis concerned 18 patients because the ambulatory blood pressure monitor data sets were inadequate for two patients. Compliance was high (97 ± 3%), with a suggestion that it was better with the 0900 h dose. Clinic blood pressure (with the patient seated and erect) was lower under both regimes and the blood pressure with night-time administration of perindopril tended to be lower than that with daytime administration (P = 0.05–0.10). Twenty-four-hour mean, daytime and night-time means were lower with both doses than they were with placebo and did not differ. Both regimes reduced the early morning peak blood pressure rise and the effect tended to be greater with the 2100 h dose (P = 0.05–0.10). The 0900 h dose had an effect that persisted for >24 h but the effect of the 2100 h dose had dissipated 18 h after the dose. There was no excessive night-time fall in blood pressure with the 2100 h dose. The trough: peak ratio with the 0900 h dose was 0.86 for systolic and 0.70 for diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion The early morning blood pressure rise is reduced more when 4 mg perindopril is administered at 2100 h. However, the 2100 h dose regime does not reduce blood pressure over 24 h whereas 24 h control is achieved with the 0900 h dose. In clinical practice the 2100 h dose would have been titrated to the next dose range in more patients. This study indicates that the response profile obtained with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor cannot be transformed from one dose time to another automatically and that chronobiology has important effects on a drug's action.
Synthesis of bioadditives of fuels from biodiesel-derived glycerol by esterification with acetic acid on solid catalysts

ABSTRACT In this paper, glycerol esterification with acetic acid (AA) was studied on several solid acid catalysts: Al2O3, Al-MCM-41, HPA/SiO2, HBEA, Amberlyst 15 and Amberlyst 36 with the aim of determining the reaction conditions and the nature of the surface acid sites required to produce selectively triacetylglycerol (triacetin). The acidity of the catalysts (nature, density and strength of acid sites) was characterized by temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 and FTIR of adsorbed pyridine. Al2O3 (Lewis acidity) did not show any activity in the reaction. In contrast, highest activity and selectivity to the triacetylated product (triacetin) were obtained on catalysts with Brønsted acidity: Amberlyst 15 and Amberlyst 36. The effect of temperature and molar ratio of AA to glycerol was studied, and the results showed that both parameters have a significant impact on the production of the desired product. Glycerol conversion rate and selectivity to triacetin increased when temperature or AA to glycerol molar ratio were increased, reaching a triacetin yield on Amberlyst 36 of 44% at 393 K and AA to glycerol molar ratio of 6. Deactivation and reusability of Amberlyst 36 were evaluated by performing consecutive catalytic tests. The presence of some irreversible deactivation due to sulfur loss was observed. In addition, the feasibility of using crude glycerol from biodiesel production as reactant was also investigated. Conversion of crude pretreated glycerol yielded values of triacetin and diacetin similar to those obtained with the commercial pure glycerol although at a lower rate.
Storytelling, Narrative, and the Thematic Apperception Test

Part 1: Origins of the Thematic Apperception Test. Introduction. The TAT. Part 2: Interpretation of the TAT. Narrative and Storytelling. Context and Storytelling. The TAT and the Life Story Narrative. Gender Identity: An Interpretive Perspective. Defense Mechanisms: Another Interpretive Perspective. Part 3: Studies of Clinical Patients. The Storyteller's Narrative. The Anaclitic/Introjective Perspective: Two Personality Organizations. The Interpreter's Perspective: TAT and Psychopathology. Part 4: Changing Narratives: Studies of Normal Development. Developmental Differences in TAT Stories: Children and Adolescents. Developmental Differences in Adult TAT Stories. Part 5: Research Issues with the TAT. General Issues in TAT Research. Questions of Reliability and Validity. The TAT in Personality Research Today. The TAT in Clinical Research Studies: Further Examples. Conclusion.
The Use of Supplementary Techniques in Forensic Interviews with Children

Key Points Interviewers may use supplementary techniques (e.g., introducing props, toys, photographs, dolls, context reinstatement or drawing exercises, truth induction strategies) to assist children in providing more detailed accounts of their experiences. These communication aids may serve a variety of purposes (e.g., facilitate rapport between the interviewer and child, reduce the social and emotional demands of the interview, provide retrieval cues to assist in recalling further information, overcome linguistic deficits, or provide a non-verbal response option). Research indicates that the various aids that have been employed differ in their effectiveness at supporting children’s recall and reporting. Consideration must be given to what aids are used, the timing and manner in which they are introduced into the interview, and the developmental capacities of the children. Although supplementary techniques introduced in the substantive portion of the interview may lead to new details being reported
Fidelity-Outcomes Relationships in the Expect Respect Program

The effects of program fidelity, gender, socioeconomic status, and school level were tested on various outcomes of a dating violence prevention program, Expect Respect. Fidelity data was collected from program facilitators, and individual posttest scores were gathered for individuals nested within each programmatic site. Multiple HLM models indicated that main effects for fidelity were present for the knowledge gained outcome scale, such that higher program fidelity led to higher posttest scores for participants. No other site level predictors affected outcomes or the fidelity-outcome relationship. Results from this study point towards the importance of implementing program fidelity when cognitive gains are a central goal of the program, whereas a more flexible program approach may be more optimal in conveying other programmatic components. INDEX WORDS: Fidelity, Implementation, Prevention, Dating violence, Expect Respect, Hierarchical Linear Modeling FIDELITY-OUTCOMES RELATIONSHIPS IN THE EXPECT RESPECT PROGRAM
Phagocytosis and antigen presentation: a partnership initiated by Toll-like receptors

Professional phagocytes play an important role in the clearance of microbial pathogens and apoptotic cells. Many receptors are involved in this process, some with signalling capabilities, some without. Increasing evidence now shows a previously unappreciated regulatory component to phagocytosis exerted by the concomitant engagement of signalling receptors. The engagement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) during phagocytosis of microbial pathogens is the best characterised example. Here, a brief overview is presented of the findings that TLRs exert positive and phagosome autonomous control on both the kinetics and outcomes of phagosome maturation. Although phagosomes could mature in the absence of TLR signals, they did so at a slower constitutive rate. Engagement of TLRs from another phagosome or from the plasma membrane did not affect the constitutive maturation of phagosomes devoid of TLR ligands. This was also reflected in the superior ability of phagosomes carrying TLR ligands to contribute peptides to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Thus, TLR control of antigen presentation favours the presentation of microbial antigens within the context of T-lymphocyte costimulatory molecule expression. This current work aims to identify whether TLRs exert similar control on the presentation of phagocytosed antigens within MHC class I molecules, a process referred to as cross-presentation.
Collaborative Effort towards Common Ground in Situated Human-Robot Dialogue

In situated human-robot dialogue, although humans and robots are co-present in a shared environment, they have significantly mismatched capabilities in perceiving the shared environment. Their representations of the shared world are misaligned. In order for humans and robots to communicate with each other successfully using language, it is important for them to mediate such differences and to establish common ground. To address this issue, this paper describes a dialogue system that aims to mediate a shared perceptual basis during human-robot dialogue. In particular, we present an empirical study that examines the role of the robot’s collaborative effort and the performance of natural language processing modules in dialogue grounding. Our empirical results indicate that in situated human-robot dialogue, a low collaborative effort from the robot may lead its human partner to believe a common ground is established. However, such beliefs may not reflect true mutual understanding. To support truly grounded dialogues, the robot should make an extra effort by making its partner aware of its internal representation of the shared world.
Physicochemical Control of Adult Stem Cell Differentiation: Shedding Light on Potential Molecular Mechanisms

Realization of the exciting potential for stem-cell-based biomedical and therapeutic applications, including tissue engineering, requires an understanding of the cell-cell and cell-environment interactions. To this end, recent efforts have been focused on the manipulation of adult stem cell differentiation using inductive soluble factors, designing suitable mechanical environments, and applying noninvasive physical forces. Although each of these different approaches has been successfully applied to regulate stem cell differentiation, it would be of great interest and importance to integrate and optimally combine a few or all of the physicochemical differentiation cues to induce synergistic stem cell differentiation. Furthermore, elucidation of molecular mechanisms that mediate the effects of multiple differentiation cues will enable the researcher to better manipulate stem cell behavior and response.
Unconditionally secure message transmission in arbitrary directed synchronous networks tolerating generalized mixed adversary

In this paper, we re-visit the problem of unconditionally secure message transmission (USMT) from a sender S to a receiver R, who are part of a distributed synchronous network, modeled as an arbitrary directed graph. Some of the intermediate nodes between S and R can be under the control of an adversary having unbounded computing power. Desmedt and Wang [4] have given the characterization of USMT in directed networks. However, in their model, the underlying network is abstracted as directed node disjoint paths (also called as wires/channels) between S and R, where the intermediate nodes are oblivious, message passing nodes and perform no other computation. In this work, we first show that the characterization of USMT given by Desmedt et.al [4] does not hold good for arbitrary directed networks, where the intermediate nodes can perform some computation, beside acting as message forwarding nodes. We then give the characterization of USMT in arbitrary directed networks, considering the entire network as a whole. As far our knowledge is concerned, this is the first ever characterization of USMT in arbitrary directed networks.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Identification of a human ortholog of the mouse Dcpp gene locus, encoding a novel member of the CSP-1/Dcpp salivary protein family

Morley Identiﬁcation of a human ortholog of the mouse Dcpp gene locus, encoding a novel member of the CSP-1/Dcpp salivary protein family. Physiol Genomics 28: 129–140, 2006. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00153. 2006. —Sal-ivary ﬂuid, the collective product of numerous major and minor salivary glands, contains a range of secretory proteins that play key defensive, digestive, and gustatory roles in the oral cavity. To understand the distinct protein “signature” contributed by individual salivary glands to salivary secretions, we studied a family of proteins shown by in vitro mRNA translation to be abundantly expressed in mouse sublingual glands. Molecular cloning, Southern blotting, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses showed these to represent one known and two novel members of the common salivary protein (CSP-1)/Demilune cell and parotid protein (Dcpp) salivary protein family, the genes for which are closely linked in the T-complex region of mouse chromosome 17. Bioinformatic analysis identiﬁed a putative human CSP-1/Dcpp ortholog, HRPE773, expressed predominantly in human salivary tissue, that shows 31% amino acid identity and 45% amino acid similarity to the mouse Dcpp query sequence. The corresponding human gene displays a similar structure to the mouse Dcpp genes and is located on human chromosome 16 in a region known to be syntenic with the T-complex region of mouse chromosome 17. The predicted mouse and human proteins both display classical NH 2 -terminal signal sequences, putative jacalin- related lectin domains, and potential N-linked glycosylation sites, suggesting secretion via sublingual saliva into the oral cavity where they may display antimicrobial activity or provide a defensive coating to enamel. Identiﬁcation of a human CSP-1/Dcpp ortholog therefore provides a key tool for investigation of salivary protein function in human oral health and disease.
Impact of patient knowledge of hypertension complications on adherence to antihypertensive therapy.

BACKGROUND Poor adherence is thought to be one of the major common causes of uncontrolled high blood pressure over the world leading to useless drug dose or class changes which may lead to increased adverse effects and medical costs. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between knowledge about complications related to hypertension and adherence to antihypertensive treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out between May and November 2013 on a representative sample of 453 hypertensive patients at public primary care outpatients in the department of Tlemcen in Algeria. The adherence was assessed with the adherence evaluation scale of Girerd which contains six items with closed dichotomous responses (yes/no). The degree of adherence was calculated according to the score resulting from the sum of all "yes" answers. A cut-off value of 80% was used to categorize patients as "adherent" or "non-adherent". To do so, a structured questionnaire has been performed including patients' knowledge about hypertension complications and the other factors which may affect adherence therapy. RESULTS Among the 453 patients included in the study, only 35.5% were adherents. Univariate analysis has shown a positive relationship between knowledge about hypertension complications and adherence. However, comorbidities, and number of antihypertensive drugs prescribed, were associated with poor adherence. In a multivariate analysis, a significant difference was shown between adherents and non-adherents according to the factors mentioned above and the insurance status. CONCLUSION This study has shown a positive relationship between patients' knowledge about the hypertensive complications and adherence. In contrast, increased number of antihypertensive drugs taken May affect negatively the adherence to therapy.
Daily Rhythms in Mobile Telephone Communication

Circadian rhythms are known to be important drivers of human activity and the recent availability of electronic records of human behaviour has provided fine-grained data of temporal patterns of activity on a large scale. Further, questionnaire studies have identified important individual differences in circadian rhythms, with people broadly categorised into morning-like or evening-like individuals. However, little is known about the social aspects of these circadian rhythms, or how they vary across individuals. In this study we use a unique 18-month dataset that combines mobile phone calls and questionnaire data to examine individual differences in the daily rhythms of mobile phone activity. We demonstrate clear individual differences in daily patterns of phone calls, and show that these individual differences are persistent despite a high degree of turnover in the individuals’ social networks. Further, women’s calls were longer than men’s calls, especially during the evening and at night, and these calls were typically focused on a small number of emotionally intense relationships. These results demonstrate that individual differences in circadian rhythms are not just related to broad patterns of morningness and eveningness, but have a strong social component, in directing phone calls to specific individuals at specific times of day.
Complements Versus Substitutes and Trends in Fertility Choice in Dynastic Models

The Barro-Becker model is a simple intuitive model of fertility choice. In its original formulation, however, it has not been very successful at reproducing the changes in fertility choice in response to decreased mortality and increased income growth that demographers have emphasized in explaining the demographic transition. In this paper we show that this is due to an implicit assumption that number and utility of children are complements, which is a byproduct of the high intertemporal elasticity of substitution (IES) typically assumed in the fertility literature. We show that, not only is this assumption not necessary, but both the qualitative and quantitative properties of the model in terms of fertility choice change dramatically when substitutability and high curvature are assumed. To do so, we first derive analytical comparative statics and perform quantitative experiments. We find that if IES is less than one, model predictions of changes in fertility amount to about two-thirds of those observed in U.S. data since 1800. There are two major sources to these predicted changes, the increase in the growth rate of productivity which accounts for about 90 percent of the predicted fall in fertility before 1880, and changes in mortality which account for 90 percent of the predicted change from 1880 to 1950.
Rapid intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay in the surgical management of hyperparathyroidism.

CONTEXT Historically, successful surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism has required bilateral exploration of the neck. By confirming complete removal of hypersecreting tissue, an intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IO-PTH) assay allows use of a more limited procedure. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate the utility of IO-PTH assay used in 32 parathyroid explorations versus conventional bilateral exploration used before the advent of IO-PTH assays. METHODS Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) was used. Plasma samples were obtained at several intervals and were analyzed for IO-PTH by use of a rapid immunochemiluminescent assay (ICMA). Outcomes were assessed by univariate inferential testing, yielding one-tailed t-test results. RESULTS The study group had a mean plasma IO-PTH level decrease of 87% at ten minutes after excision. All 32 patients who underwent MIP using IO-PTH monitoring had successful surgery. At last postoperative follow-up examination, all 32 patients were normocalcemic. There were statistically significant decreases in duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, and surgery cost. CONCLUSIONS IO-PTH levels predicted the postoperative outcome for all patients studied, can provide valuable information to surgeons, and can decrease the duration of surgery and hospital stay.