Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Patient Empowerment Frameworks

Frameworks offer opportunities for better understanding of the efficacy of patient empowerment. However, some of these frameworks appear to be constituted in different ways by professional body involved in healthcare and research. Through review of existing frameworks and an articulation of patient demands, weaknesses in current structures to support empowerment are explored, and distinction between the frameworks, as well as key constituents of a framework for patient empowerment are determined. Approaches to frameworks aiming at patient empowerment in the ehealth system vary in the dominant motif within the construct. Health centred, patient centred, provider centred, technology centred, and hybrid models are the most common categories of empowerment framework. Current patient empowerment frameworks are complementary concepts, which do not oppose one another but there exist a clear distinction between them.
GGSCRs: GGNMOS Triggered silicon controlled rectifiers for ESD protection in deep sub-micron CMOS processes

In this paper, design aspects, operation, protection capability and applications of SCRs in deep sub-micron CMOS are addressed. A novel Grounded-Gate NMOS Triggered SCR device (GGSCR) is introduced and compared to the LVTSCR. Experimental verification, including endurance testing, demonstrates that GGSCRs can fulfill all ESD protection requirements for todays IC applications in different 0.25 um, 0.18 um and 0.13 um CMOS processes.
Creative Automatization: Principles for Promoting Fluency Within a Communicative Framework

In this article we discuss the theory and practice of a "creative automatization" process by which learners can develop the automaticity component of fluency in second language production in a classroom setting. The techniques for this approach are designed to provide students with ample opportunities for repetition and practice within a wholly communicative context, without the shortcomings usually characteristic of pattern drills or other more traditional methods. Five specific design criteria are presented to help teachers in developing their own activities for promoting fluency within this framework. In this article we discuss the theory and practice of an approach developed in the classroom for promoting "automaticity" with functionally relevant utterances in a second language. This approach allows one to provide learners with extensive practice without making use of traditional pattern drills and exercises and does so in a way that is fully compatible with the communicative approach. Automaticity is viewed here as a component of fluency. In considering fluency, one can broadly distinguish between skills concerned with the selection of utterances (knowing what to say, to whom and when) and skills concerned with the actual production of these utterances (producing them rapidly and smoothly, without hesitations and pauses). For a speaker to be fluent, both kinds of skills are important. The development of utterance selection skills, however, does not necessarily imply the mastery of utterance production skills. This is illustrated by the fact that one can mentally formulate utterances in the second language in anticipation of a forthcoming communication situation, monitor their forms and correct them if necessary, and still be unable to produce them
"Digital Natives": Honour and Respect in Computerized Encounters between Israeli Jewish and Arab Children and Adult Learners.

In Israel's Multigenerational Connection Program (MCP), children instruct adults in computer and Internet use. Taking children's advantage in digital literacy as a given, the study examines their generational status in computerized encounters that MCP creates in two schools, one Jewish and one Arab. The data were gathered by means of qualitative participant observation. The results suggest that the family–community-based habitus is reflected in the interpretation of the program by the computer teacher at each school, who, by ‘importing’ it to MCP, encouraged relations of respect or honour between children and adults. The significance of these relations, rooted in ethno-national relations between the groups, transcends the global discourse about the uniformity of the generational digital divide. While the Arab group's ambivalence toward MCP weakened the children's status, the Jewish children attained empowerment as young teachers. The conclusions focus on the implications for intergenerational relations and children's self-image of the preservation of the Arab honour-contingent habitus in a Western educational context—a self-chosen strategy that may widen the digital divide between Arab and Jewish children.
Social Structure and Seasonal Variation in the Behaviour of Eulemur mongoz

Data presented here were collected during a 10-month study carried out on the mongoose lemur, Eulemur mongoz, at Anjamena in northwestern Madagascar. Baseline information is provided on behaviour and assessed for seasonal variation. Given the highly seasonal nature of the environment, remarkably little behavioural variation was observed. This may be directly linked to the cathemeral activity pattern, where differential movement into either the diurnal or the nocturnal ‘niche’ could reduce the effect of selective seasonal pressures, thus reducing behavioural and ecological adaptation to seasonal variation. The behavioural mechanisms of reinforcement of the pair bond through close proximity, mutual anogenital marking, paternal participation in the care of offspring and territoriality are all in accord with the general characteristics of monogamy in primates. The feature of mate monopolization by males, proposed as typical of monogamous social systems, seems to be more attributable to females in E. mongoz, as only they exhibit high levels of intrasexual aggression. Female dominance, characteristic of most species of lemur, may thus include more than just female feeding priority in E. mongoz.
Comparative Functional Genomics of Salt Stress in Related Model and Cultivated Plants Identifies and Overcomes Limitations to Translational Genomics

One of the objectives of plant translational genomics is to use knowledge and genes discovered in model species to improve crops. However, the value of translational genomics to plant breeding, especially for complex traits like abiotic stress tolerance, remains uncertain. Using comparative genomics (ionomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics) we analyzed the responses to salinity of three model and three cultivated species of the legume genus Lotus. At physiological and ionomic levels, models responded to salinity in a similar way to crop species, and changes in the concentration of shoot Cl− correlated well with tolerance. Metabolic changes were partially conserved, but divergence was observed amongst the genotypes. Transcriptome analysis showed that about 60% of expressed genes were responsive to salt treatment in one or more species, but less than 1% was responsive in all. Therefore, genotype-specific transcriptional and metabolic changes overshadowed conserved responses to salinity and represent an impediment to simple translational genomics. However, ‘triangulation’ from multiple genotypes enabled the identification of conserved and tolerant-specific responses that may provide durable tolerance across species.
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Generalized Anxiety

This case report describes cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) with a 7-year-old girl diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and specific phobia (fear of vomiting). Developmental history was significant for excessive worry, pervasive anxiety, and complaints of stomach discomfort. Her fear of vomiting had resulted in eating inhibition and weight loss. Treatment focused on teaching behavioral skills to reduce anxiety (distraction, relaxation), correcting misattributions about physiological sensations, reducing anxiety-inducing self-statements, and eliminating reinforcement of somatic symptoms in the family system. Self-report on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) before and following CBT documented clinically significant changes in anxiety. At termination, the client no longer met diagnostic criteria for GAD or specific phobia. Over the course of treatment, complaints of stomachaches were significantly reduced, and the client demonstrated weight gain. A 5-month posttreatment evaluation revealed that clinical improvement was maintained.
The Contemporary Relevance of Early Experiments with Supermax Reform

Prison conditions similar to those of supermax prisons have been instituted on several occasions in the past, in the course of early experiments with prison design. In several instances, supermax-like conditions were abandoned because pre/postintervention data demonstrated that social isolation and enforced inactivity could produce symptoms of mental illness, which could be ameliorated when confinement conditions were relaxed. Such experiences carry implications for current correctional administrators.
Health Care Expenditures in OECD Countries: A Panel Unit Root and Cointegration Analysis

This paper investigates the link between health care expenditures and GDP for a sample of 21 OECD countries using recent developed panel cointegration techniques. In contrast to previous studies, the analysis accounts for the fact that health care expenditures are not only determined by income. The other driving force is medical progress, which is proxied by different variables, like life expectancy, infant mortality and the share of the elderly. In the extended models, a cointegration relationship can be established among the variables. The income elasticity is not different from unity, implying that health care expenditures are not a luxury good. This finding is robust for alternative measures of medical progress. The evidence is unchanged, if alternative estimators of the cointegration vector are used. Controlling for cross section dependency does not affect the principal results, as cointegration can be found even in a model among nonstationary common factors.
Canadian Journal of Psychology Outstanding Contributions Series Levels of Processing: A Retrospective Commentary on a Framework for Memory Research

The influence on memory research of levels of processing (Craik & I^ockharl, 1972) is reviewed, and a number of conceptual and empirical criticisms are evaluated. Research since 1972 has enabled the original formulation of depth of processing to be refined in various ways, and the concepts of elaboration and distinctiveness of encoding are discussed as examples of this refinement. It is concluded that, despite change and development, many of the original ideas of levels of processing have survived and that as a research framework it has been substantially successful in encouraging the building of a dala base that can serve as a foundation for future theory construction. RKSUMK I/influence des niveaux de traitcment sur la recherche touchanl la memoire (Craik & Lockhart, 1972) est passcc en revue et un certain nombre de critiques concepluelles el empiriques sont cvaluees. La recherche depuis 1972 a pcrmis de ralfiner de maintcs facons la formulation originale de la profondeur de traitemenl el les concepts dc I'claboralion et dc clarte de codage sont discutes comme cxemple de raffinement. L'on arrive a la conclusion que malgre le changement ct le developpcnicnt, nombreuses sont les idees originates quant aux niveaux dc traitc- ment qui ont survecu et que, en tant quc cadre dc recherche, ccs idces ont eu un certain succes a encouragcr I'acquisition dc donnces qui peuvent servir de fonda- lions pour la construction dc futures theories.
The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Longevity and Insecticide Resistance Phenotype of the Major Malaria Vectors Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus

Oxidative stress plays numerous biological roles, both functional and pathological. The role of oxidative stress in various epidemiologically relevant biological traits in Anopheles mosquitoes is not well established. In this study, the effects of oxidative stress on the longevity and insecticide resistance phenotype in the major malaria vector species An. arabiensis and An. funestus were examined. Responses to dietary copper sulphate and hydrogen peroxide were used as proxies for the oxidative stress phenotype by determining the effect of copper on longevity and hydrogen peroxide lethal dose. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were determined colorimetrically. Oxidative burden was quantified as protein carbonyl content. Changes in insecticide resistance phenotype were monitored by WHO bioassay. Insecticide resistant individuals showed an increased capacity for coping with oxidative stress, mediated by increased glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity. This effect was observed in both species, as well as in laboratory strains and F1 individuals derived from wild-caught An. funestus mothers. Phenotypic capacity for coping with oxidative stress was greatest in strains with elevated Cytochrome P450 activity. Synergism of oxidative stress defence enzymes by dietary supplementation with haematin, 3-Amino-1, 2, 4-triazole and Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate significantly increased pyrethroid-induced mortality in An. arabiensis and An. funestus. It is therefore concluded that defence against oxidative stress underlies the augmentation of the insecticide resistance phenotype associated with multiple blood-feeding. This is because multiple blood-feeding ultimately leads to a reduction of oxidative stress in insecticide resistant females, and also reduces the oxidative burden induced by DDT and pyrethroids, by inducing increased glutathione peroxidase activity. This study highlights the importance of oxidative stress in the longevity and insecticide resistance phenotype in malaria vectors.
Constitutive nuclear import of latent and activated STAT5a by its coiled coil domain

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a (STAT5a) is a critical transcription factor for a number of physiological processes including hematopoiesis and mammary gland development. Cytokines such as growth hormone, prolactin, erythropoietin, and interleukin‐2 stimulate the activation of STAT5a by tyrosine phosphorylation. Tyrosine phosphorylation confers a conformational change and the ability to bind specific target DNA. To execute its function as a signaling molecule and transcription factor, accurate cellular localization of STAT5a is essential. This study explores the nuclear trafficking of STAT5a both before phosphorylation and after tyrosine phosphorylation. With the use of live cell imaging we demonstrate the continuous shuttling of STAT5a in and out of the nucleus. Evaluation of a series of mutations and deletions identifies a region within the coiled coil domain of STAT5a that is critical for nuclear import of both unphosphorylated and tyrosine‐phos‐phorylated forms. The mechanism that regulates transport of STAT5a through nuclear pore complexes into the nucleus is therefore independent of tyrosine phosphorylation. However, after tyrosine phosphorylation, STAT5a accumulates in the nucleus because of its retention by DNA binding. These findings should provide a foundation for further studies that involve targeting the activity of STAT5a. —Iyer, J., Reich, N. C. Constitutive nuclear import of latent and activated STAT5a by its coiled coil domain. FASEB J. 22, 391–400 (2008)
Genome Sequence and Characteristics of Lrm1, a Prophage from Industrial Lactobacillus rhamnosus Strain M1

ABSTRACT Prophage Lrm1 was induced with mitomycin C from an industrial Lactobacillus rhamnosus starter culture, M1. Electron microscopy of the lysate revealed relatively few intact bacteriophage particles among empty heads and disassociated tails. The defective Siphoviridae phage had an isometric head of approximately 55 nm and noncontractile tail of about 275 nm with a small baseplate. In repeated attempts, the prophage could not be cured from L. rhamnosus M1, nor could a sensitive host be identified. Sequencing of the phage Lrm1 DNA revealed a genome of 39,989 bp and a G+C content of 45.5%. A similar genomic organization and mosaic pattern of identities align Lrm1 among the closely related Lactobacillus casei temperate phages A2, ΦAT3, and LcaI and with L. rhamnosus virulent phage Lu-Nu. Of the 54 open reading frames (ORFs) identified, all but 8 shared homology with other phages of this group. Five unknown ORFs were identified that had no homologies in the databases nor predicted functions. Notably, Lrm1 encodes a putative endonuclease and a putative DNA methylase with homology to a methylase in Lactococcus lactis phage Tuc2009. Possibly, the DNA methylase, endonuclease, or other Lrm1 genes provide a function crucial to L. rhamnosus M1 survival, resulting in the stability of the defective prophage in its lysogenic state. The presence of a defective prophage in an industrial strain could provide superinfection immunity to the host but could also contribute DNA in recombination events to produce new phages potentially infective for the host strain in a large-scale fermentation environment.
Determinants of CSR practices: analysis of the influence of ownership and the management profile mediating effect

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Use of a lambda gt11 expression library to localize a neutralizing antibody-binding site in glycoprotein E2 of Sindbis virus

The Sindbis virus envelope contains two species of integral membrane glycoproteins, E1 and E2. These proteins form heterodimers, and three dimeric units assemble to form spikes incorporated into the viral surface which play an important role in the specific attachment of Sindbis virus to host cells. To map the neutralization epitopes on the surface of the virus, we constructed a lambda gt11 expression library with cDNA inserts 100 to 300 nucleotides long obtained from randomly primed synthesis on Sindbis virus genomic RNA. This library was screened with five different neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for E2 (MAbs 50, 51, 49, 18, and 23) and with one neutralizing MAb specific for E1 (MAb 33). When 10(6) lambda gt11 plaques were screened with each antibody, four positive clones that reacted with E2-specific MAb 23 were found. These four clones contained overlapping inserts from glycoprotein E2; the domain from residues 173 to 220 of glycoprotein E2 was present in all inserts, and we concluded that this region contains the neutralization epitope recognized by the antibody. No clones that reacted with the other antibodies examined were found, and we concluded that these antibodies probably recognize conformational epitopes not present in the lambda gt11 library. We suggest that the E2 domain from residues 173 to 220 is a major antigenic determinant of Sindbis virus and that this domain is important for virus attachment to cells.
Ingroup Experts and Peers as Social Vaccines Who Inoculate the Self-Concept: The Stereotype Inoculation Model

Individuals’ choice to pursue one academic or professional path over another may feel like a free choice but is often constrained by subtle cues in achievement environments that signal who naturally belongs there and who does not. People gravitate toward achievement domains that feel like a comfortable fit because they are in sync with ingroup stereotypes and away from other domains that feel like an uncomfortable fit because they deviate too far from ingroup stereotypes. Even individuals who are high performers may lack confidence in their ability and withdraw from certain achievement domains—performance and self-efficacy do not always go hand in hand. What factors might release these constraints and enhance individuals’ freedom to pursue academic and professional paths despite stereotypes to the contrary? The present article addresses this question using a new theoretical lens—the stereotype inoculation model—that reveals how ingroup members (experts and peers in high-achievement settings) function as “social vaccines” who increase social belonging and inoculate fellow group members’ self-concept against stereotypes. The model integrates insights from several literatures in social psychology and organizational behavior to articulate predictions accompanied by supporting evidence about when ingroup experts and peers serve as social vaccines and the underlying psychological mechanisms. The article concludes by identifying directions for future research, possible interventions, and policy implications of the model.
Numerical simulation of non-Newtonian blood flow dynamics in human thoracic aorta

Three non-Newtonian blood viscosity models plus the Newtonian one are analysed for a patient-specific thoracic aorta anatomical model under steady-state flow conditions via wall shear stress (WSS) distribution, non-Newtonian importance factors, blood viscosity and shear rate. All blood viscosity models yield a consistent WSS distribution pattern. The WSS magnitude, however, is influenced by the model used. WSS is found to be the lowest in the vicinity of the three arch branches and along the distal walls of the branches themselves. In this region, the local non-Newtonian importance factor and the blood viscosity are elevated, and the shear rate is low. The present study revealed that the Newtonian assumption is a good approximation at mid-and-high flow velocities, as the greater the blood flow, the higher the shear rate near the arterial wall. Furthermore, the capabilities of the applied non-Newtonian models appeared at low-flow velocities. It is concluded that, while the non-Newtonian power-law model approximates the blood viscosity and WSS calculations in a more satisfactory way than the other non-Newtonian models at low shear rates, a cautious approach is given in the use of this blood viscosity model. Finally, some preliminary transient results are presented.
When is an optimal transform coder orthonormal?

We consider optimum Transform coding. The objective is to minimize the distortion variance by selecting an optimum transform matrix and bit allocation among the sub-band signals. Under an asymptotic expression for the quantizer distortion function it is known that the optimum transform can be chosen to be orthonormal and regardless of the precise allocated bit values. In this paper we have given sufficient conditions on the quantizer distortion function that ensure this property.
Perspectives, Indications, and the Ethics of Prolonging "Meaningful Life" for Individuals with Progressive Neuromuscular Disease

Associate Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UMDNJ— New Jersey Medical School. Address correspondence and reprint requests to John R. Bach, M.D., Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospita! B-239,150 Bergen Street, Newark, N.J. 07103, , ~ . : . People who want to make a living from the treatment of nervous patients must clearly be able to do something to help them. S. Freud, M.D. (I 909) (I )