Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What learning environments help improve decision-making?

ABSTRACT Background: Decision-making is a key component of performance in sport. However, there has been minimal investigation of how coaches may adapt practice sessions to specifically develop decision-making. Purpose: The aim in this exploratory study was to investigate the pedagogical approaches coaches use to develop decision-making in soccer. Method: Youth soccer coaches (n = 29) currently coaching youth teams (U11–U17) in Australia were filmed conducting two practice sessions. The first session was a regular training session, whereas in the second session, participants were asked to create an activity they believed would promote the development of on-ball decision-making. Systematic observation of the learning and teaching (LandT) component of each session was undertaken to provide a detailed analysis of the coach behaviours and practice activities in which they had players engage. During this activity, the number of on-ball actions was measured to reflect the associated decision-making opportunities. Coaches indicated how they believed decision-making is developed in players, the strategies they would employ to improve decision-making, the perceived success of the activity (i.e. did they achieve their aims), and modifications they would make if conducting the activity again. Data analysis: To assess differences between the regular training LandT activity and decision-making-specific LandT activity, coach behaviours, and on-ball actions, a Mann–Whitney U test was conducted. Coach perceptions were deductively analysed to identify main themes. Findings: Participants identified three main strategies for incorporating decision-making into training activity – repetition of real scenarios with guided discovery, prompting decision-making by providing cues or solutions, and manipulating the game/activity. There were no differences in the frequency, average duration, or the percentage of allocated time for any of the practice activity variables (i.e. Playing Form; Training Form; Inactivity), coach behaviours (instructions; questions; management) or the number of on-ball decisions per minute between the regular activity and decision-making-specific activity (p > .05). Descriptive statistics indicated the coaching practice was stop-start in nature for coaches to instruct or ask questions. Conclusions: Participants generally use strategies which may promote decision-making opportunities for players such as the use of questioning, constraints-led pedagogy, and Playing Form rather than Training Form activities. However, findings provide evidence to suggest the participants over-coach, with high amounts of instruction and a very stop-start nature to the activity. This coaching practice potentially limits the problem-solving and decision-making demands on players.
A “Short” Distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud With the Hipparcos Calibrated Red Clump Stars

Following an approach developed by Paczyński & Stanek, we derive a distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) by comparing red clump stars from the Hipparcos catalog with the red clump stars observed in two fields in the LMC that were selected from the ongoing photometric survey of the Magellanic Clouds to lie in low-extinction regions. The use of red clump stars allows a single step determination of the distance modulus to the LMC, μ0, LMC=18.065 ± 0.031 ± 0.09 mag (statistical plus systematic error), and the corresponding distance, RLMC=41.02 ± 0.59 ± 1.74 kpc. This measurement is in excellent agreement with the recent determination by Udalski et al., also based on the red clump stars, but is ~0.4 mag smaller than the generally accepted value of μ0, LMC=18.50 ± 0.15 mag. We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy and how it can be resolved.
Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles in Distal Nerve Stump following Nerve Injury: Insights into Wallerian Degeneration

Nerve injury is a common and difficult clinical problem worldwide with a high disability rate. Different from the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system is able to regenerate after injury. Wallerian degeneration in the distal nerve stump contributes to the construction of a permissible microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration. To gain new molecular insights into Wallerian degeneration, this study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes and elucidate significantly involved pathways and cellular functions in the distal nerve stump following nerve injury. Microarray analysis showed that a few genes were differentially expressed at 0.5 and 1 h post nerve injury and later on a relatively larger number of genes were up-regulated or down-regulated. Ingenuity pathway analysis indicated that inflammation and immune response, cytokine signaling, cellular growth and movement, as well as tissue development and function were significantly activated following sciatic nerve injury. Notably, a cellular function highly related to nerve regeneration, which is called Nervous System Development and Function, was continuously activated from 4 days until 4 weeks post injury. Our results may provide further understanding of Wallerian degeneration from a genetic perspective, thus aiding the development of potential therapies for peripheral nerve injury.
Global atmospheric black carbon inferred from AERONET

AERONET, a network of well calibrated sunphotometers, provides data on aerosol optical depth and absorption optical depth at >250 sites around the world. The spectral range of AERONET allows discrimination between constituents that absorb most strongly in the UV region, such as soil dust and organic carbon, and the more ubiquitously absorbing black carbon (BC). AERONET locations, primarily continental, are not representative of the global mean, but they can be used to calibrate global aerosol climatologies produced by tracer transport models. We find that the amount of BC in current climatologies must be increased by a factor of 2–4 to yield best agreement with AERONET, in the approximation in which BC is externally mixed with other aerosols. The inferred climate forcing by BC, regardless of whether it is internally or externally mixed, is ≈1 W/m2, most of which is probably anthropogenic. This positive forcing (warming) by BC must substantially counterbalance cooling by anthropogenic reflective aerosols. Thus, especially if reflective aerosols such as sulfates are reduced, it is important to reduce BC to minimize global warming.
Resilience to bullying: towards an alternative to the anti-bullying approach

Abstract Anti-bullying strategies are significant approaches addressing bullying in schools, however their capacity to produce a reduction in bullying behaviour is open to question. This article examined a resilience-based approach to bullying. One hundred and five primary and high school students were surveyed using several standardised instruments. The study found that high school students reported more victimisation than primary students; that students reporting greater resilience; experienced less distress regarding bullying; that relatedness demonstrated a stronger negative correlation than mastery with distress levels to bullying; that students exhibiting greater emotional reactivity engaged in more bullying behaviour compared to others; and that a younger group exhibited greater resilience levels compared to an older group. The results support an evolutionary psychology view of bullying and suggest an operational definition of bullying in terms of power differentials within a relational context. Further examination and development of a resilience-based intervention model focused on developing a sense of relatedness is supported.
Exploring Positive Outcomes for Youth with Bipolar Spectrum Disorder

EXPLORING POSITIVE OUTCOMES FOR YOUTH WITH BIPOLAR SPECTRUM DISORDER Brae Anne McArthur Advisor: University of Guelph, 2013 Dr. Margaret Lumley Bipolar Spectrum Disorder (BSD) in a severe psychiatric disorder and relatively little is known about positive outcomes for youth with this diagnosis. The goal of this dissertation was to gain understanding of how parenting context relates to positive outcomes (e.g., reduced psychopathology, life satisfaction, resiliency, positive schemas) among youth with a diagnosis of BSD. Study 1 revealed that parental characteristics including limit setting, autonomy granting, and egalitarian views of parenting relate to lower levels of psychopathology for youth screened for a diagnosis of BSD at a tertiary care facility. In addition, the relation between parenting context and psychopathology did not significantly differ for youth with a diagnosis of BSD and youth with other mental heath difficulties. Study 2 extended these findings and found that parental support and limit setting longitudinally predicted positive outcomes for youth with BSD. Parental acceptance related to all measures of positive functioning (i.e., life satisfaction, resilience, positive schemas) and unexpectedly, so did psychological control, perhaps playing a unique role in this sample. Study 2 results suggest that positive schemas may be one mechanism linking parental acceptance to resiliency for youth with BSD. Finally, qualitative analysis revealed that parents and youth participants reported on many positive aspects of youth with BSD and that on a thematic level, youth responses cohered largely with parent responses. Overall, this dissertation has implications for informing a more complex view of parenting context and BSD and has implications for intervention efforts for these youth and their families.
A Psychometric Evaluation of Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) of University Students

Background: The popularity of using Social Networking Sites and Facebook has grown all over the world in general and especially in Arab countries in the recent years. Despite numerous advantages of using Facebook in terms of optimizing communication and socializing among individuals, in certain cases it become problematic and engender negative consequences in daily life. Objective: As there is no single instrument to measure Facebook addiction in Arabic language, the goal of the current study is to validate an Arabic version of Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS). Methods: Arabic version of the BFAS was administered to a sample of 835 Facebook users (female =711, male =124; undergraduates =494, postgraduates=341) and analyses were performed. Results: As found previously for the original version, a one-factor model of the BFAS had good psychometric properties and fit the data well. Findings also revealed that the majority of sample are slight Facebook addictive (48.7%) and average Facebook addictive (46.7%). Very few students have severe Facebook addiction symptoms, it represents (1%) and normal Facebook addiction represents (5.5%). No differences were found between males and females in their Facebook addiction. Conclusions: The Arabic version of the BFAS seems to be a valid self-report to measure problematic use of social networking sites (especially Facebook).
HYPERCOMPACT STELLAR SYSTEMS AROUND RECOILING SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES

A supermassive black hole ejected from the center of a galaxy by gravitational-wave recoil carries a retinue of bound stars—a “hypercompact stellar system” (HCSS). The numbers and properties of HCSSs contain information about the merger histories of galaxies, the late evolution of binary black holes, and the distribution of gravitational-wave kicks. We relate the structural properties (size, mass, density profile) of HCSSs to the properties of their host galaxies and to the size of the kick in two regimes: collisional (MBH ≲ 107M☉), i.e., short nuclear relaxation times, and collisionless (MBH ≳ 107M☉), i.e., long nuclear relaxation times. HCSSs are expected to be similar in size and luminosity to globular clusters, but in extreme cases (large galaxies, kicks just above escape velocity) their stellar mass can approach that of ultracompact dwarf galaxies. However, they differ from all other classes of compact stellar system in having very high internal velocities. We show that the kick velocity is encoded in the velocity dispersion of the bound stars. Given a large enough sample of HCSSs, the distribution of gravitational-wave kicks can therefore be empirically determined. We combine a hierarchical merger algorithm with stellar population models to compute the rate of production of HCSSs over time and the probability of observing HCSSs in the local universe as a function of their apparent magnitude, color, size, and velocity dispersion, under two different assumptions about the star formation history prior to the kick. We predict that ∼102 HCSSs should be detectable within 2 Mpc of the center of the Virgo cluster, and that many of these should be bright enough that their kick velocities (i.e., velocity dispersions) could be measured with reasonable exposure times. We discuss other strategies for detecting HCSSs and speculate on some exotic manifestations.
The Political Economy of Firm Size

We explore why developing countries exhibit a di¤erent distribution of rm sizes in the formal private sector relative to developed countries and nd evidence that these distributional di¤erences are driven by institutional weaknesses, which might indicate tax avoidance. Using a unique data set that covers the entire formal private sector of Cote dIvoire (accounting for 60% of GDP) over the period 1998-2003, we rst show that the distorted rm size distribution relative to developed countries is systematic across all sectors of the economy. We next use rm-level data to examine in greater detail the impact of taxation and nd evidence of a humped shape pattern of e¤ective tax rates, where middle-sized rms face the largest tax burden. This maximum tax burden corresponds to the highest rate of rm turnover. Finally, in a novel extension of Hsieh and Klenow (2009) we quantify the output e¤ects of moving to a more e¢ cient rm size distribution when rm-speci c distortions are removed, estimating output gains of 50-60%. JEL Classi cation: H26, L11, L16, L25, O12, O17, O55 Keywords: rm size distribution, tax evasion, corruption, institutions, Africa We thank Francois Bourguignon for providing us the data. We have bene ted from discussions with Daniel Dias, Sebastian Edwards, Phil English, Paola Guiliano, Ed Leamer, Romain Wacziarg, Mark Wright, and seminar participants at the World Bank, 2009 COST Workshop on Firm-level Data Analysis in Transition and Developing Economies, and GEM Student Workshop. Special thanks to Nathalie Segeral for translation work. Financial assistance from UCLA CIBER is gratefully acknowledged by Christine Richmond. The opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. yAnderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA. Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA. 110 Westwood Plaza, Entrepreneurs Hall, Suite C525, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1481. Tel. : +1 310.825. 8207; Email: christine.richmond. 2010@anderson.ucla. edu. zWorld Bank, Development Research Group. The World Bank. 1818 H St. N.W. , Washington, DC 20433. Tel: +1.202. 473.8738; Email: lklapper@worldbank.org.
UK secondary school therapists' online communication with their clients and future intentions

This study sought to understand: (1) UK school counsellors' use of computer technology to communicate with pupils as of March 2014; (2) perceived barriers to its further implementation; and (3) practitioners' expectations regarding future use of online therapy, to extend understanding of these issues in UK secondary schools. It is the first study of its kind to be carried out in the United Kingdom.A pluralist, mixed‐methods approach utilised quantitative and thematic qualitative analysis of an Internet survey of UK secondary schools.Of 3753 schools approached, 246 responded, and of these, 45% had no online communication with their clients and 52% were using various forms of online communication; 43% used online communication (mostly email) for administrative purposes; and 9% offered therapy via email, Skype and Face Time (3% did not respond). The three main motivators for developing therapeutic contact online were as follows: evidence of reaching pupils with psychological barriers to accessing face‐to‐face help, evidence of demand from pupils and access to appropriate training. The main perceived deterrents were as follows: impact on the quality of the relationship, issues around confidentiality, and impact of lack of visual and auditory cues.This mixed landscape in terms of current and planned future use of technology by school counsellors revealed perceived practical and ethical challenges. However, it is notable that all of these can be addressed using currently available resources, for example through exposure to existing literature and research, and through specialist training.
Statistics of Robust Optimization: A Generalized Empirical Likelihood Approach

We study statistical inference and distributionally robust solution methods for stochastic optimization problems, focusing on confidence intervals for optimal values and solutions that achieve exact coverage asymptotically. We develop a generalized empirical likelihood framework—based on distributional uncertainty sets constructed from nonparametric f-divergence balls—for Hadamard differentiable functionals, and in particular, stochastic optimization problems. As consequences of this theory, we provide a principled method for choosing the size of distributional uncertainty regions to provide one- and two-sided confidence intervals that achieve exact coverage. We also give an asymptotic expansion for our distributionally robust formulation, showing how robustification regularizes problems by their variance. Finally, we show that optimizers of the distributionally robust formulations we study enjoy (essentially) the same consistency properties as those in classical sample average approximations. Our general approach applies to quickly mixing stationary sequences, including geometrically ergodic Harris recurrent Markov chains.
Inhibitory Deficit Hypothesis

The inhibitory deficit hypothesis, or inhibitory theory, is an attention-based, general model of cognition that accounts for age differences in patterns of spared and impaired functioning in healthy older adults, patterns also seen in other populations such as those with attention deficits, those with depression, and individuals who are out of phase with their circadian rhythms. Efficient inhibitory processes enable goals to regulate thought and action by suppressing otherwise automatic activation of goal-irrelevant information. Deficits in inhibitory regulation result in heightened distractibility, greater knowledge of irrelevant information, sustained access to no longer relevant information, greater reliance on environmental cues, reduced working memory capacity, greater proactive interference, poorer retrieval of details, greater production of highly probable responses, and the implicit use of the recent past in new situations. Differences among individuals and among groups result from the efficiency of inhibition operating in the service of goals. Keywords: attention; deletion; distraction; encoding; inhibition; restraint; retrieval
Discovering and manipulating psychosocial characteristics that lead to lead-userness

Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration.
Comparison of Survival Benefits of Combined Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Alone for Uterine Serous Carcinoma

Objective To date, there is no convincing evidence comparing the impact of combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy with chemotherapy alone in postoperative uterine serous carcinoma (USC), which remains an unclear issue. We conducted a meta-analysis assessing the impact of combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone on overall survival in postoperative USC. Methods A comprehensive search was performed in the databases of EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to March 2016. Studies comparing survival among patients who underwent combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone after surgery for USC were included. Quality assessments were carried out by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival was extracted, and a random-effects model was used for pooled analysis. Publication bias was assessed using both funnel plot and the Egger regression test. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 13.0 software. Result Nine retrospective studies with relatively high quality containing 9354 patients were included for the final meta-analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy significantly reduced the risk of death (HR, 0.72; P < 0.0001) compared to chemotherapy alone with a low heterogeneity (I2 = 21.0%, P = 0.256). Subgroup analyses indicated that calculating HR by unadjusted method may cause the heterogeneity among studies. Exploratory analyses showed that either patients with early stage disease (HR, 0.73; P = 0.011) or advanced stage disease (HR, 0.80; P < 0.0001) have survival benefits from combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. No significant evidence of publication bias was found. Conclusions This is the first meta-analysis examining the role of combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone in USC. Our results suggest the potential survival benefits of combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Further studies, preferably randomized clinical trials, are needed to confirm our results.
Detecting Patterns in MPI Communication Traces

Since processor counts in supercomputers are increasing dramatically, efficient interprocessor communication is becoming even more important for the applications that run on them. A high level, abstract understanding of an application's communication behavior would not only simplify debugging of that communication but would also support more directed performance optimization. We explore automated identification of communication patterns to provide that high level abstraction. We introduce an algorithm to extract communication patterns from MPI traces automatically. Our algorithm first finds locally repeating sequences and then iteratively grows them into global patterns. We demonstrate our technique on three realistic codes using traces from up to 128 processors. Our results show that our approach detects the underlying communication pattern within reasonable time and memory constraints, even for large trace sizes.
Novel mechanisms of central nervous system damage in HIV infection

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection of the central nervous system is an early event after primary infection, resulting in motor and cognitive defects in a significant number of individuals despite successful antiretroviral therapy. The pathology of the infected brain is characterized by enhanced leukocyte infiltration, microglial activation and nodules, aberrant expression of inflammatory factors, neuronal dysregulation and loss, and blood–brain barrier disruption. Months to years following the primary infection, these central nervous system insults result in a spectrum of motor and cognitive dysfunction, ranging from mild impairment to frank dementia. The mechanisms that mediate impairment are still not fully defined. In this review we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms that facilitate impairment and new data that implicate intercellular communication systems, gap junctions and tunneling nanotubes, as mediators of human immunodeficiency virus-1 toxicity and infection within the central nervous system. These data suggest potential targets for novel therapeutics.