Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual Differences in Young and Older Adults' Spelling: Do Good Spellers Age Better than Poor Spellers?

ABSTRACT Young and older adults' ability to retrieve the spellings of high- and low-frequency words was assessed via tests of spelling recognition and production. One of the spelling production tests required participants to write down the correct spellings of auditorily presented words, and accuracy was used to categorize participants in both age groups as good or poor spellers. The results showed that individual spelling ability and word frequency contributed to age differences. Older adults who were poor spellers were less accurate in recognizing and producing correct spelling than young adults who were poor spellers. In contrast, no age differences occurred for good spellers. Furthermore, low-frequency words were especially difficult for young adults and poor spellers, relative to older adults and good spellers. These results indicate that aging alone is not detrimental to the processes underlying recognition or production of spelling but instead compounds existing problems caused by poor spelling.
IGF-I attenuates FFA-induced activation of JNK1 phosphorylation and TNFα expression in human subcutaneous preadipocytes

Free fatty acids (FFAs) are increased in visceral fat and contribute to insulin resistance through multiple mechanisms, including c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) activation and expression of TNFα. Given that insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1)‐mediated proliferation is impaired in omental compared to subcutaneous (SC) preadipocytes, we investigated IGF‐I anti‐inflammatory action in preadipocytes from SC and omental adipose tissue.
A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Learning Topical Collocation Models

Most existing topic models make the bagof-words assumption that words are generated independently, and so ignore potentially useful information about word order. Previous attempts to use collocations (short sequences of adjacent words) in topic models have either relied on a pipeline approach, restricted attention to bigrams, or resulted in models whose inference does not scale to large corpora. This paper studies how to simultaneously learn both collocations and their topic assignments. We present an efficient reformulation of the Adaptor Grammar-based topical collocation model (AG-colloc) (Johnson, 2010), and develop a point-wise sampling algorithm for posterior inference in this new formulation. We further improve the efficiency of the sampling algorithm by exploiting sparsity and parallelising inference. Experimental results derived in text classification, information retrieval and human evaluation tasks across a range of datasets show that this reformulation scales to hundreds of thousands of documents while maintaining the good performance of the AG-colloc model.
Mathematics and Manipulatives: Views from the Secondary Schools.

Manipulatives are being used more frequently in primary school mathematics teaching and learning. This paper calls for a continuing research program including the role and acceptance of manipulatives in secondary school mathematics classes. It also seeks to identify and justify current teacher usage of concrete materials (manipulatives) in secondary school mathematics teaching and learning in a sample taken from schools in Southwestern Sydney. Results provide baseline data concerning the demographics of secondary mathematics teachers and their use of manipulatives. It was concluded that the use of manipulatives in secondary mathematics classrooms is low when compared to that found in primary schools. Contains 26 references. (ASK) ****************************************************k*************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************
Defining meal requirements for protein to optimize metabolic roles of amino acids12345

Dietary protein provides essential amino acids (EAAs) for the synthesis of new proteins plus an array of other metabolic functions; many of these functions are sensitive to postprandial plasma and intracellular amino acid concentrations. Recent research has focused on amino acids as metabolic signals that influence the rate of protein synthesis, inflammation responses, mitochondrial activity, and satiety, exerting their influence through signaling systems including mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), general control nonrepressed 2 (GCN2), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), serotonin, and insulin. These signals represent meal-based responses to dietary protein. The best characterized of these signals is the leucine-induced activation of mTORC1, which leads to the stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis after ingestion of a meal that contains protein. The response of this metabolic pathway to dietary protein (i.e., meal threshold) declines with advancing age or reduced physical activity. Current dietary recommendations for protein are focused on total daily intake of 0.8 g/kg body weight, but new research suggests daily needs for older adults of ≥1.0 g/kg and identifies anabolic and metabolic benefits to consuming at least 20–30 g protein at a given meal. Resistance exercise appears to increase the efficiency of EAA use for muscle anabolism and to lower the meal threshold for stimulation of protein synthesis. Applying this information to a typical 3-meal-a-day dietary plan results in protein intakes that are well within the guidelines of the Dietary Reference Intakes for acceptable macronutrient intakes. The meal threshold concept for dietary protein emphasizes a need for redistribution of dietary protein for optimum metabolic health.
Demographic factors affecting achievement goal orientation among Kenya volleyball league players

This study sought to investigate relationship between demographic factors and goal orientation of Kenya’s volleyball league players. It was guided by the hypothesis that demographic factors of Kenya volleyball league players have no significant difference on goal orientation. Demographic factors under study-included age, gender, participation status, team level, and players’ experience. Demographic questionnaire and the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) were the instruments for data collection. A total of 134 volleyball players from twelve National Volleyball League division one and two teams participated in the study. The players were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi square test of independence (p=0.05). Findings of the study showed that the percentage of task oriented players was higher on all the five categories of age, gender, level, status and experience under study. However, the chi square values obtained showed that these differences were not statistically significant. Therefore, the hypothesis that there is no significant difference among Kenya volleyball league players on task and ego orientation based on demographic characteristics was accepted. The study concluded that there is no significant difference on task and ego orientation among Kenyan volleyball league players. It recommended that coaches, trainers and managers need to emphasize intrinsic motivation among the players due to its relation to task orientation. It further recommended for a comparative study on different sports on goal orientation and a cultural based study to establish if goal orientation is a cultural phenomenon.
Electrophilic PPARγ Ligands Attenuate IL-1β and Silica-Induced Inflammatory Mediator Production in Human Lung Fibroblasts via a PPARγ-Independent Mechanism

Acute and chronic lung inflammation is associated with numerous important disease pathologies including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and silicosis. Lung fibroblasts are a novel and important target of anti-inflammatory therapy, as they orchestrate, respond to, and amplify inflammatory cascades and are the key cell in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligands are small molecules that induce anti-inflammatory responses in a variety of tissues. Here, we report for the first time that PPARγ ligands have potent anti-inflammatory effects on human lung fibroblasts. 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) inhibit production of the inflammatory mediators interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), COX-2, and prostaglandin (PG)E2 in primary human lung fibroblasts stimulated with either IL-1β or silica. The anti-inflammatory properties of these molecules are not blocked by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 and thus are largely PPARγ independent. However, they are dependent on the presence of an electrophilic carbon. CDDO and 15d-PGJ2, but not rosiglitazone, inhibited NF-κB activity. These results demonstrate that CDDO and 15d-PGJ2 are potent attenuators of proinflammatory responses in lung fibroblasts and suggest that these molecules should be explored as the basis for novel, targeted anti-inflammatory therapies in the lung and other organs.
The Iraq Syndrome

AMERICAN TROOPS have been sent into harm's way many times since 1945, but in only three cases-Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq-have they been drawn into sustained ground combat and suffered more than 300 deaths in action. American public opinion became a key factor in all three wars, and in each one there has been a simple association: as casualties mount, support decreases. Broad enthusiasm at the out set invariably erodes. The only thing remarkable about the current war in Iraq is how pre cipitously American public support has dropped off. Casualty for casualty, support has declined far more quickly than it did during either the Korean War or the Vietnam War. And if history is any indication, there is little the Bush administration can do to reverse this decline. More important, the impact of deteriorating support will not end when the war does. In the wake of the wars in Korea and Vietnam, the American public developed a strong aversion to embarking on such ventures again. A similar sentiment-an "Iraq syndrome"-seems to be developing now, and it will have important consequences for U.S. for eign policy for years after the last American battalion leaves Iraqi soil.
Flow and Heat Transfer in a Pre-Swirl Rotor-Stator System

Conditions in the internal-air system of a high-pressure turbine stage are modelled using a rig comprising an outer pre-swirl chamber separated by a seal from an inner rotor-stator system. Pre-swirl nozzles in the stator supply the “blade-cooling” air, which leaves the system via holes in the rotor, and disc-cooling air enters at the centre of the system and leaves through clearances in the peripheral seals. The experimental rig is instrumented with thermocouples, fluxmeters, pitot tubes and pressure taps enabling temperatures, heat fluxes, velocities and pressures to be measured at a number of radial locations.For rotational Reynolds numbers of Reϕ ≃ 1.2 × 106, the swirl ratio and the ratios of disc-cooling and blade-cooling flow rates are chosen to be representative of those found inside gas turbines. Measured radial distributions of velocity, temperature and Nusselt number are compared with computations obtained from an axisymmetric elliptic solver, featuring a low-Reynolds-number k-e turbulence model. For the inner rotor-stator system, the computed core temperatures and velocities are in good agreement with measured values, but the Nusselt numbers are underpredicted. For the outer pre-swirl chamber, it was possible to make comparisons between the measured and computed values for cooling-air temperatures but not for the Nusselt numbers. As expected, the temperature of the blade-cooling air decreases as the swirl ratio increases, but the computed air temperatures are significantly lower than the measured ones. Overall, the results give valuable insight into some of the heat transfer characteristics of this complex system.Copyright © 1995 by ASME
The Design and Analysis of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Navigation and Altimeter

According to the characteristic of GPS direct signal and reflection signal, unmanned aerial vehicle's altitude transducer and GPS navigation equipment are integrated to a miniature detention mapping receiver system. The GPS terrain echo signal mathematics equation has been inferred, the height measuring model which reflects the land surface characteristic has been established. Thus the GPS satellite is taken as the illumination source, the receiver is put on the unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle guidance localization and the height measuring control simulation system are carried on separately using the GPS direct signal and the land reflected signal. The parallel processing of unmanned aerial vehicle guidance pulse, the GPS reflection signal and receiver is realized, which reduces unmanned aerial vehicle's payload, and raises system's operating efficiency. The analysis of simulation result confirms the model validity, which provides the basis for the following the unmanned flight control system optimization design.
Minority Matters: Issues in Minority Languages in India

0.2. The paper demonstrates that the definitions of minority languages proposed in the current literature are inadequate to define minority languages in India. It further argues that minority languages can be defined on the basis of two major features: (a) their functional load; and (b) their functional transparency in the various domains of society. Minority languages are typically those which carry relatively less or marginal functional load and functional transparency. The concept of “functional load” in this context refers to the ability of languages to successfully function in one or more social domain. The load is considered to be higher or lower on the basis of the number of domains it covers. The higher the number of domains, the higher the load. For example, in India the English
Linear stability of thermocapillary convection in cylindrical liquid bridges under axial magnetic fields

The stability of axisymmetric steady thermocapillary convection of electrically conducting fluids in half-zones under the influence of a static axial magnetic field is investigated numerically by linear stability theory. In addition, the energy transfer between the basic state and a disturbance is considered in order to elucidate the mechanics of the most unstable mode. Axial magnetic fields cause a concentration of the thermocapillary flow near the free surface of the liquid bridge. For the low Prandtl number fluids considered, the most dangerous disturbance is a non-axisymmetric steady mode. It is found that axial magnetic fields act to stabilize the basic state. The stabilizing effect increases with the Prandtl number and decreases with the zone height, the heat transfer rate at the free surface and buoyancy when the heating is from below. The magnetic field also influences the azimuthal symmetry of the most unstable mode.
Mixed methods research in inquiry-based instruction: an integrative review

ABSTRACT This integrative literature review takes up the ongoing discussion about the place of mixed methods designs in educational research. We focus on studies that investigate the role of argumentation in inquiry-based learning, either as a means for enhancing inquiry (argument-based inquiry) or as a learning outcome (inquiry-based argument). We argue that this field of research offers a perfect example of the ways in which a paradigm and its research questions call for mixed-methods designs. We then present an integrative review to explore patterns and identify gaps in the literature, asking: (1) How frequently and in what ways are mixed methods used in the field? (2) What rationales are driving the use of mixed methods? and (3) To what extent is the potential of mixed methods research being realized in the field? For readers studying argumentation in inquiry-based instruction, we hope to open up a critical dialogue about aims and methodologies in the field. For readers interested in mixed-methods designs we hope to offer a case study of how to build a rationale from within a discipline for leveraging the range of mixed methodologies to study a problem. We conclude with recommendations for further research.
Wrapper design for testing IP cores with multiple clock domains

This paper addresses the testability problems raised by embedded cores with multiple clock domains. The proposed solution, based on a novel core wrapper architecture, shows how multi-frequency at-speed test response capture can be achieved using low-speed testers synchronized with high-speed on-chip generated clocks. Using experimental data, the trade-offs between the number of tester channels, testing time, area overhead and power dissipation are discussed.
The relationship between infliximab concentrations, antibodies to infliximab and disease activity in Crohn's disease

Objective Although low infliximab trough concentrations and antibodies to infliximab (ATI) are associated with poor outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), the clinical relevance of ATI in patients with adequate infliximab concentrations is uncertain. We evaluated this question using an assay sensitive for identification of ATI in the presence of infliximab. Design In an observational study, 1487 trough serum samples from 483 patients with CD who participated in four clinical studies of maintenance infliximab therapy were analysed using a fluid phase mobility shift assay. Infliximab and ATI concentrations most discriminant for remission, defined as a C-reactive protein concentration of ≤5 mg/L, were determined by receiver operating characteristic curves. A multivariable regression model evaluated these factors as independent predictors of remission. Results Based upon analysis of 1487 samples, 77.1% of patients had detectable and 22.9% had undetectable infliximab concentrations, of which 9.5% and 71.8%, respectively, were positive for ATI. An infliximab concentration of >2.79 μg/mL (area under the curve (AUC)=0.681; 95% CI 0.632 to 0.731) and ATI concentration of <3.15 U/mL (AUC=0.632; 95% CI 0.589 to 0.676) were associated with remission. Multivariable analysis showed that concentrations of both infliximab trough (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3 to 2.5; p<0.001) and ATI (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.81; p=0.002) were independent predictors of remission. Conclusions The development of ATI increases the probability of active disease even at low concentrations and in the presence of a therapeutic concentration of drug during infliximab maintenance therapy. Evaluation of strategies to prevent ATI formation, including therapeutic drug monitoring with selective infliximab dose intensification, is needed.
Automatic Timbral Morphing Of Musical Instruments Sounds By High-Level Descriptors

The aim of sound morphing is to obtain a result that falls perceptually between two (or more) sounds. In order to do this, we should be able to morph perceptually relevant features of sounds instead of blindly interpolating the parameters of a model. In this work we present automatic timbral morphing techniques applied to musical instrument sounds using high-level descriptors as features. High-level descriptors are measures of the acoustic correlates of salient timbre dimensions derived from perceptual studies, so that matching the descriptors becomes the goal itself to render the results more perceptually meaningful.
Self-Control: Skill, Knowledge, or Perishable Resource?∗

The self-control literature suggests three main models with contradictory predictions. By perceiving self-control as a knowledge, skill, or perishable resource, those models report a positive, neutral, and negative impact, respectively, of an initial selfcontrol act on subsequent self-control ability. Using biometric data to monitor compliance enabled us to develop a unified self-control model, reconciling the diverging results in the literature. We find evidence of a dual impact of an initial self-control act on subsequent self-control ability. Specifically, while an initial moderate self-control act enhances subsequent self-control ability, exerting self-control beyond a certain threshold causes fatigue reducing subsequent self-control ability. JEL Codes: C91
The Herding Hormone

People often conform to others with whom they associate. Surprisingly, however, little is known about the possible hormonal mechanisms that may underlie in-group conformity. Here, we examined whether conformity toward one’s in-group is altered by oxytocin, a neuropeptide often implicated in social behavior. After administration of either oxytocin or a placebo, participants were asked to provide attractiveness ratings of unfamiliar visual stimuli. While viewing each stimulus, participants were shown ratings of that stimulus provided by both in-group and out-group members. Results demonstrated that on trials in which the ratings of the in-group and out-group were incongruent, the ratings of participants given oxytocin conformed to the ratings of their in-group but not of their out-group. Participants given a placebo did not show this in-group bias. These findings indicate that administration of oxytocin can influence subjective preferences, and they support the view that oxytocin’s effects on social behavior are context dependent.
The equality implications of being a migrant in Britain.

Researching the equality implications of being a migrant in Britain is hampered by imprecise definitions of what a migrant is and by a lack of data on many equality groups (groups which share a common attribute in respect of age, disability, gender, race, religion or belief, or sexual orientation, as defined by the Equality Act 2006). The literature and evidence on inequalities tends to be more abundant on gender and race but remains focused on ethnic minority categories rather than on migrants as such. While the foreign-born population in the UK has increased from four to six million over the last decade, people arrive via different routes and with varying intentions. Much recent debate on the benefits and pressures resulting from immigration has been provoked by the large numbers of arrivals from Eastern Europe since 2004, but they, like other migrants from the European Union (EU), have freedom of movement guaranteed by EU Directives. Although they have to register or obtain authorisation to work legally (and 766,000 had registered by the end of 2007), there are few reliable statistics on their presence in specific areas or in the UK as a whole. Other migrants from outside the EU also come to the UK to work (about 200,000 in 2006) or study (309,000 in 2006). A number of migrants, estimated at between 310,000 and 570,000, are believed to be living in the country without formal immigration authorisation. In 2007, the largest group of those born abroad was from India (553,300), followed by those from Poland (423,300). There are significant differences in terms of gender and age between different national groups, comprising recent and established migrants, and in their experiences of employment and access to services. This heterogeneity makes policymaking based on averages or an assumed homogeneity meaningless or even dangerous.
A foundation for markov equilibria in sequential games with finite social memory

We study stochastic games with an infinite horizon and sequential moves played by an arbitrary number of players. We assume that social memory is finite--every player, except possibly one, is finitely lived and cannot observe events that are sufficiently far back in the past. This class of games includes games between a long-run player and a sequence of short-run players, and games with overlapping generations of players. An equilibrium is purifiable if some close-by behaviour is consistent with equilibrium when agents' payoffs in each period are perturbed additively and independently. We show that only Markov equilibria are purifiable when social memory is finite. Thus if a game has at most one long-run player, all purifiable equilibria are Markov. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.