Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trap.Net: a Realization of Transparent Shaping in .Net

We define adaptability as the capacity of software in adjusting its behavior in response to changing conditions. To list just a few examples, adaptability is important in pervasive computing, where software in mobile devices need to adapt to dynamic changes in wireless networks; autonomic computing, where software in critical systems are required to be self-manageable; and grid computing, where software for long running scientific applications need to be resilient to hardware crashes and network outages. In this paper, we provide a realization of the transparent shaping programming model, called TRAP.NET, which enables transparent adaptation in existing . NET applications as a response to the changes in the application requirements and/or to the changes in their execution environment. Using TRAP.NET, we can adapt an application dynamically, at run time, or statically, at load time, without the need to manually modify the application original functionality-hence transparent.
Cellulose Supplementation Early in Life Ameliorates Colitis in Adult Mice

Decreased consumption of dietary fibers, such as cellulose, has been proposed to promote the emergence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD: Crohn disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]) where intestinal microbes are recognized to play an etiologic role. However, it is not known if transient fiber consumption during critical developmental periods may prevent consecutive intestinal inflammation. The incidence of IBD peaks in young adulthood indicating that pediatric environmental exposures may be important in the etiology of this disease group. We studied the effects of transient dietary cellulose supplementation on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis susceptibility during the pediatric period in mice. Cellulose supplementation stimulated substantial shifts in the colonic mucosal microbiome. Several bacterial taxa decreased in relative abundance (e.g., Coriobacteriaceae [p = 0.001]), and other taxa increased in abundance (e.g., Peptostreptococcaceae [p = 0.008] and Clostridiaceae [p = 0.048]). Some of these shifts persisted for 10 days following the cessation of cellulose supplementation. The changes in the gut microbiome were associated with transient trophic and anticolitic effects 10 days following the cessation of a cellulose-enriched diet, but these changes diminished by 40 days following reversal to a low cellulose diet. These findings emphasize the transient protective effect of dietary cellulose in the mammalian large bowel and highlight the potential role of dietary fibers in amelioration of intestinal inflammation.
Full‐scale testing of stability curves for vehicles in flood waters

Flood fatality data show that world‐wide, flood related deaths are increasingly associated with people perishing in vehicles that become unstable driving through floodwaters. Previous research on vehicle stability in flood flows has predominantly focussed on model scale testing. This paper presents novel testing determining stability thresholds of full‐scale, road‐going vehicles in floodwaters. Traction forces for various flow depths and buoyancy conditions were directly measured for three types of prototype vehicles. Friction coefficients for prototype vehicles were determined for different bed surface conditions including concrete, gravel, and sand highlighting that a worst‐case friction coefficient must be considered. Novel direct measurements of drag coefficients were conducted for a range of flow conditions of a model‐scale vehicle complementing the prototype tests. The combination of measured forces provided vehicle stability thresholds applicable to a range of vehicle types. While this study was the most comprehensive stability assessment to date, all tests were conducted under laboratory conditions and more conservative threshold criteria must be applied to account for violent flood waters and uneven surfaces.
Trace element partitioning between plagioclase and melt: An investigation of the impact of experimental and analytical procedures

Quantitative models of petrologic processes require accurate partition coefficients. Our ability to obtain accurate partition coefficients is constrained by their dependence on pressure temperature and composition, and on the experimental and analytical techniques we apply. The source and magnitude of error in experimental studies of trace element partitioning may go unrecognized if one examines only the processed published data. The most important sources of error are relict crystals, and analyses of more than one phase in the analytical volume. Because we have typically published averaged data, identification of compromised data is difficult if not impossible. We addressed this problem by examining unprocessed data from plagioclase/melt partitioning experiments, by comparing models based on that data with existing partitioning models, and evaluated the degree to which the partitioning models are dependent on the calibration data. We found that partitioning models are dependent on the calibration data in ways that result in erroneous model values, and that the error will be systematic and dependent on the value of the partition coefficient. In effect, use of different calibration datasets will result in partitioning models whose results are systematically biased, and that one can arrive at different and conflicting conclusions depending on how a model is calibrated, defeating the purpose of applying the models. Ultimately this is an experimental data problem, which can be solved if we publish individual analyses (not averages) or use a projection method wherein we use an independent compositional constraint to identify and estimate the uncontaminated composition of each phase.
The Biomechanical and Energetic Advantages of a Mediolaterally Wide Pelvis in Women

Here, we argue that two key shifts in thinking are required to more clearly understand the selection pressures shaping pelvis evolution in female hominins: (1) the primary locomotor mode of female hominins was loaded walking in the company of others, and (2) the periodic gait of human walking is most effectively explained as a biomechanically controlled process related to heel‐strike collisions that is tuned for economy and stability by properly‐timed motor inputs (a model called dynamic walking). In the light of these two frameworks, the evidence supports differences between female and male upper‐pelvic morphology being the result of the unique reproductive role of female hominins, which involved moderately paced, loaded walking in groups. Anat Rec, 300:764–775, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bounded Approximations for Linear Multi-Objective Planning Under Uncertainty

Planning under uncertainty poses a complex problem in which multiple objectives often need to be balanced. When dealing with multiple objectives, it is often assumed that the relative importance of the objectives is known a priori. However, in practice human decision makers often find it hard to specify such preferences, and would prefer a decision support system that presents a range of possible alternatives. We propose two algorithms for computing these alternatives for the case of linearly weighted objectives. First, we propose an anytime method, approximate optimistic linear support (AOLS), that incrementally builds up a complete set of ε-optimal plans, exploiting the piecewise linear and convex shape of the value function. Second, we propose an approximate anytime method, scalarised sample incremental improvement (SSII), that employs weight sampling to focus on the most interesting regions in weight space, as suggested by a prior over preferences. We show empirically that our methods are able to produce (near-)optimal alternative sets orders of magnitude faster than existing techniques.
The Measurement of Language Lateralization with Functional Transcranial Doppler and Functional MRI: A Critical Evaluation

Cerebral language lateralization can be assessed in several ways. In healthy subjects, functional MRI (fMRI) during performance of a language task has evolved to be the most frequently applied method. Functional transcranial Doppler (fTCD) may provide a valid alternative, but has been used rarely. Both techniques have their own strengths and weaknesses and as a result may be applied in different fields of research. Until now, only one relatively small study (n = 13) investigated the correlation between lateralization indices (LIs) measured by fTCD and fMRI and showed a remarkably high correlation. To further evaluate the correlation between LIs measured with fTCD and fMRI, we compared LIs of 22 healthy subjects (12 left- and 10 right-handed) using the same word generation paradigm for the fTCD as for the fMRI experiment. LIs measured with fTCD were highly but imperfectly correlated with LIs measured with fMRI (Spearman's rho = 0.75, p < 0.001). The imperfectness of the correlation can partially be explained by methodological restrictions of fMRI as well as fTCD. Our results suggest that fTCD can be a valid alternative for fMRI to measure lateralization, particularly when costs or mobility are important factors in the study design.
Agent-based support for communication between developers and users in software design

Research in knowledge-based software engineering has led to advances in the ability to specify and automatically generate software. Advances in the support of upstream activities have focussed on assisting software developers. We examine the possibility of extending computer-based support in the software development process to allow end users to participate, providing feedback directly to developers. The approach uses the notion of "agents" developed in artificial intelligence research and concepts of participatory design. Namely, agents monitor end users working with prototype systems and report mismatches between developers' expectations and a system's actual usage. At the same time, the agents provide end users with an opportunity to communicate with developers, either synchronously or asynchronously. The use of agents is based on actual software development experiences. <<ETX>>
Length-Scalable Multiconductor Cable Modeling for EMI Simulations in Power Electronics

Computationally efficient high-frequency circuit models of long cables are necessary for accurate analysis of electromagnetic effects in power converter systems. In this paper, an advanced modeling technique utilizing different natural symmetries present in industrial power cables is introduced, resulting simultaneously in a significant reduction of the model complexity and an improved model precision as compared to the previously developed modeling methodology. Additionally, a method for extraction of the cable's per-unit-length parameters is derived allowing scalability of the developed model to arbitrary lengths for the cable of the same type. The developed methodology is validated by comparing the results obtained using simulations with the measurements in both frequency and time domain.
Development of sedimentation, molluscs and palynospectra in theLower Miocene of the south-western Part of the CarpathianForedeep in Moravia (Czech Republic)

The environment in the studied part of the Carpathian Foredeep in the Lower Miocene (Eggenburgian, Ottnangian) was extraordinarily variable. The sedimentation took place in a subtropical climate and in the near-shore zone. The changes of the marine environment are connected with the sea level changes and with variable rates and intensities of sediment accumulation. Flora and fauna reflect all environmental changes very sensitively.
Intergenerational Mobility in Education: Variation in Geography and Time

Education mobility contributes to income mobility and is an important policy target but has received little attention. This paper documents trends (1982–2004) and geographical differences (across US states) in education mobility. We develop mobility measures that respect the unique properties of education attainment. While standard approaches suggest slightly increasing mobility over the sample period, we find that mobility fluctuated, decreasing over roughly the first decade and increasing in the second. Geographic variation in education mobility is correlated with local community and policy factors—such as the existence of high school exit exams. Finally, the South is excluded from national increases in mobility.
Modelling Niche Differentiation of Co-Existing, Elusive and Morphologically Similar Species: A Case Study of Four Macaque Species in Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area, Laos

Simple Summary We investigated the niche separation of four macaque species (Macaca arctoides, M. assamensis, M. leonina, M. mulatta) occurring within Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area, central-eastern Laos using the environmental niche modelling software MaxEnt. The respective suitable habitat predicted for each species reveals niche segregation between the four species with a gradual geographical distribution following an environmental gradient of, notably, temperature, precipitation, elevation and slope within the study area. This means that the four species seem adapted to different ecological conditions within the area. This information has implications for future research on these species and for their management and conservation. Abstract Species misidentification often occurs when dealing with co-existing and morphologically similar species such as macaques, making the study of their ecology challenging. To overcome this issue, we use reliable occurrence data from camera-trap images and transect survey data to model their respective ecological niche and potential distribution locally in Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area (NNT NPA), central-Eastern Laos. We investigate niche differentiation of morphologically similar species using four sympatric macaque species in NNT NPA, as our model species: rhesus Macaca mulatta (Taxonomic Serial Number, TSN 180099), Northern pig-tailed M. leonina (TSN not listed); Assamese M. assamensis (TSN 573018) and stump-tailed M. arctoides (TSN 573017). We examine the implications for their conservation. We obtained occurrence data of macaque species from systematic 2006–2011 camera-trapping surveys and 2011–2012 transect surveys and model their niche and potential distribution with MaxEnt software using 25 environmental and topographic variables. The respective suitable habitat predicted for each species reveals niche segregation between the four species with a gradual geographical distribution following an environmental gradient within the study area. Camera-trapping positioned at many locations can increase elusive-species records with a relatively reduced and more systematic sampling effort and provide reliable species occurrence data. These can be used for environmental niche modelling to study niche segregation of morphologically similar species in areas where their distribution remains uncertain. Examining unresolved species’ niches and potential distributions can have crucial implications for future research and species’ management and conservation even in the most remote regions and for the least-known species.
Synergistic Effects of Electron-beam Irradiation and Leek Extract on the Quality of Pork Jerky during Ambient Storage

To investigate the synergistic effect(s) of electron-beam (EB) irradiation and leek (Allium tuberosum Rottler) extract on the quality of pork jerky during ambient storage, we irradiated prepared pork jerky samples (control and samples with 0.5% and 1.0% leek extract) with EB technology at doses of 0, 1, 2, and 4 kGy, stored them for 2 months at 25°C, and analyzed them. Water activity was 0.73 to 0.77 in non-irradiated samples, and no significant difference in the water activity was observed between the samples treated with leek and the control. The total aerobic bacterial count was significantly decreased with an increase in the irradiation dose and leek extract addition when compared to that of the control (4.54±0.05 log CFU/g). Further, the Hunter color values (L*, a*, and b*) were found to be significantly decreased following leek extract addition and EB irradiation. However, the color values, especially the a* value of the irradiated samples significantly increased during storage. Notably, increasing the EB irradiation dose enhanced the peroxide value. Sensory evaluation revealed that irradiation decreased flavor and overall acceptability. Our findings suggest the use of EB irradiation in combination with leek extract to improve the microbiological safety of pork jerky. However, in order to meet market requirements, novel methods to enhance the sensory quality of pork jerky are warranted.
ATPC: Adaptive Transmission Power Control for Wireless Sensor Networks

Extensive empirical studies presented in this article confirm that the quality of radio communication between low-power sensor devices varies significantly with time and environment. This phenomenon indicates that the previous topology control solutions, which use static transmission power, transmission range, and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world. To address this issue, online transmission power control that adapts to external changes is necessary. This article presents ATPC, a lightweight algorithm for Adaptive Transmission Power Control in wireless sensor networks. In ATPC, each node builds a model for each of its neighbors, describing the correlation between transmission power and link quality. With this model, we employ a feedback-based transmission power control algorithm to dynamically maintain individual link quality over time. The intellectual contribution of this work lies in a novel pairwise transmission power control, which is significantly different from existing node-level or network-level power control methods. Also different from most existing simulation work, the ATPC design is guided by extensive field experiments of link quality dynamics at various locations over a long period of time. The results from the real-world experiments demonstrate that (1) with pairwise adjustment, ATPC achieves more energy savings with a finer tuning capability, and (2) with online control, ATPC is robust even with environmental changes over time.
P–T evolution and episodic zircon growth in barroisite eclogites of the Lanterman Range, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica

Prograde P–T–t paths of eclogites are often ambiguous owing to high variance of mineral assemblages, large uncertainty in isotopic age determinations and/or variable degree of retrograde equilibration. We investigated these issues using the barroisite eclogites from the Lanterman Range, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, which are relatively uncommon but free of retrogression. These eclogites revealed three stages of prograde metamorphism, defining two distinctive P–T trajectories, M1–2 and M3. Inclusion minerals in garnet porphyroblasts suggest that initial prograde assemblages (M1) consist of garnet+omphacite+barroisite/Mg‐pargasite+epidote+phengite+paragonite+rutile/titanite+quartz, and subsequent M2 assemblages of garnet+omphacite+barroisite+phengite+rutile±quartz. The inclusion‐rich inner part of garnet porphyroblasts preserves a bell‐shaped Mn profile of the M1, whereas the inclusion‐poor outer part (M2) is typified by the outward decrease in Ca/Mg and XFe (=Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg)) values. A pseudosection modelling employing fractionated bulk‐rock composition suggests that the eclogites have initially evolved from ~15 to 20 kbar and 520–570°C (M1) to ~22–25 kbar and 630–650°C (M2). The latter is in accordance with P–T conditions estimated from two independent geothermobarometers: the garnet–clinopyroxene–phengite (~25 ± 3 kbar and 660 ± 100°C) and Zr‐in‐rutile (~650–700°C at 22–27 kbar). The second segment (M3A–B) of prograde P–T path is recorded in the grossular‐rich overgrowth rim of garnet. Apart from disequilibrium growth of the M3A garnet, ubiquitous overgrowth of the M3B garnet permits us to estimate the P–T conditions at ~26 ± 3 kbar and 720 ± 80°C. The cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging of zircon grains separated from a barroisite eclogite revealed three distinct zones with bright rim, dark mantle and moderately dark core. Eclogitic phases such as garnet, omphacite, epidote and rutile are present as fine‐grained inclusions in the mantle and rim of zircon, in contrast to their absence in the core. The sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe U–Pb dating on metamorphic mantle domains and neoblasts yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 515 ± 4 Ma (tσ), representing the time of the M2 stage. On the other hand, overgrowth rims as well as bright‐CL neoblasts of zircon were dated at 498 ± 11 Ma (tσ), corresponding to the M3. Average burial rates estimated from the M2 and M3 ages are too low (<2 mm/year) for cold subduction regime (~5–10°C/km), suggesting that an exhumation stage intervened between two prograde segments of P–T path. Thus, the P–T–t evolution of barroisite eclogites is typified by two discrete episodes with an c. 15 Ma gap during the middle Cambrian subduction of the Antarctic Ross Orogeny.
SURF applied in panorama image stitching

SURF (Speeded Up Robust Features) is one of the famous feature-detection algorithms. This paper proposes a panorama image stitching system which combines an image matching algorithm; modified SURF and an image blending algorithm; multi-band blending. The process is divided in the following steps: first, get feature descriptor of the image using modified SURF; secondly, find matching pairs, check the neighbors by K-NN (K-nearest neighbor), and remove the mismatch couples by RANSAC(Random Sample Consensus); then, adjust the images by bundle adjustment and estimate the accurate homography matrix; lastly, blend images by multi-band blending. Also, comparison of SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) and modified SURF are also shown as a base of selection of image matching algorithm. According to the experiments, the present system can make the stitching seam invisible and get a perfect panorama for large image data and it is faster than previous method.
Specificity of rabies virus as a transneuronal tracer of motor networks: Transfer from hypoglossal motoneurons to connected second‐order and higher order central nervous system cell groups

The specificity of transneuronal transfer of rabies virus [challenge virus standard (CVS) strain] was evaluated in a well‐characterized neuronal network, i. e. , retrograde infection of hypoglossal motoneurons and transneuronal transfer to connected (second‐order) brainstem neurons. The distribution of the virus in the central nervous system was studied immunohistochemically at sequential intervals after unilateral inoculation into the hypoglossal nerve. The extent of transneuronal transfer of rabies virus was strictly time dependent and was distinguished in five stages. At 1 day postinoculation, labelling involved only hypoglossal motoneurons (stage 1). Retrograde transneuronal transfer occurred from 2.0–2.5 days postinoculation (stage 2). In stages 2–4, different groups of second‐order neurons were labelled sequentially, depending on the strength of their input to the hypoglossal nucleus. In stages 4 and 5, labelling extended to several cortical and subcortical cell groups, which can be regarded as higher order because they are known to control tongue movements and/or to provide input to hypoglossal‐projecting cell groups. The pattern of transneuronal transfer of rabies virus resembles that of alpha‐herpesviruses with regard to the nonsynchronous labelling of different groups of second‐order neurons and the transfer to higher order neurons. In striking contrast to alpha‐herpesviruses, the transneuronal transfer of rabies is not accompanied by neuronal degeneration. Moreover, local spread of rabies from infected neurons and axons to adjoining glial cells, neurons, or fibers of passage does not occur. The results show that rabies virus is a very efficient transneuronal tracer. Results also provide a new insight into the organization of cortical and subcortical higher order neurons that mediate descending control of tongue movements indirectly via hypoglossal‐projecting neurons. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.