Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Violence against women by their husband and postpartum depression.

BACKGROUND Violence against women in developing countries is very high with very little to choose between the cities and provinces. In Nepal too, violence against women is very rampant. This occurs despite physical violence against women being ascribed as criminal act by Domestic Violence Act. The main objective of the study was to see the association between postpartum depression and violence against women. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women of reproductive age group in two centers. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data regarding violence and for detecting postpartum depression. Three interviews one in antenatal and two in postnatal period were taken. RESULTS The incidence of postpartum depression was found to be 19.4 % (95% CI = 14.73 - 24.06) and 22.22% (95% CI = 17.30 - 27.09) during first (6 week postpartum ) and second (10th week) postpartum interview respectively. The incidence of physical, psychological and sexual violence was found to be 20.8% (95%CI= 16.01 - 25.58), 19.4% (95%CI= 14.73 - 24.06) and 13.9% (95% CI= 9.82 - 17.97) respectively. No statistically significant relationship could be found between different forms of violence and postpartum depression . The study showed that all the women with bad communication or conversation with the husband had postpartum depression while only 17.1% of women with good conversation had postpartum depression. CONCLUSIONS No form of violence against women had statistically significant association with development of postpartum depression among Nepalese population.
Managing Transaction Conflicts in Middleware-based Database Replication Architectures

Database replication protocols need to detect, block or abort part of conflicting transactions. A possible solution is to check their writesets (and also their readsets in case a serialisable isolation level is requested), which however burdens the consumption of CPU time. This gets even worse when the replication support is provided by a middleware, since there is no direct DBMS support in that layer. We propose and discuss the use of the concurrency control support of the local DBMS for detecting conflicts between local transactions and writesets of remote transactions. This allows to simplify many database replication protocols and to enhance their performance
Long time interval between multiple sclerosis onset and occurrence of primary Sjögren's syndrome in a woman treated with interferon‐beta

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) with central nervous system involvement can clinically mimic multiple sclerosis (MS). However, SS and MS may coexist. We report here a case of a 48‐year‐old woman affected by relapsing–remitting MS, good responder to interferon (IFN)‐beta 1a, developing sicca complex after 29 years from MS onset. At the age of 48, after 5 years successful treatment with i.m. IFN‐beta 1a, xerophtalmia and xerostomia with dysphagia occurred. Autoantibody screening for connective tissue diseases, including anti‐ENA, was negative. Schirmer's test showed reduced lacrimal gland function and a minor salivary gland biopsy showed chronic inflammatory infiltration with fibrosis, acinar atrophy and ductal ectasia. According to clinical and pathological findings a diagnosis of SS was made. Other cases of connective tissue diseases after IFN‐beta treatment have been described. However, this is, to our knowledge, the first report on the development of primary SS after long time interval from MS onset in a woman treated with IFN‐beta. Although there are no evidences about a possible role of IFN‐beta in triggering SS yet, a screening for clinical and laboratory signs of SS should be assessed in MS patients during IFN‐beta treatment.
AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS IN HUMAN CELLS

Tankersley, Robert W. , Jr. (Medical College of Virginia, Richmond). Amino acid requirements of herpes simplex virus in human cells. J. Bacteriol. 87:609–613. 1964. —Progressive infection of human cells minimally infected with herpes simplex virus requires 11 of the amino acids of Eagle's medium, and glutamine. Lysine is not required, but rather exerts a partially inhibitory effect upon virus multiplication. Infected cells deprived of arginine support neither cytopathogenic effects nor virus replication; when arginine is replaced, a prompt and extensive infection follows. The effect of nutritional deficiencies on virus infection is discussed.
Visualizing Topical Quotations Over Time to Understand News Discourse

We present the PICTOR browser, a visualization designed to facilitate the analysis of quotations about userspecified topics in large collections of news text. PICTOR focuses on quotations because they are a major vehicle of communication in the news genre. It extracts quotes from articles that match a user’s text query, and groups these quotes into “threads” that illustrate the development of subtopics over time. It allows users to rapidly explore the space of relevant quotes by viewing their content and speakers, to examine the contexts in which quotes appear, and to tune how threads are constructed. We offer two case studies demonstrating how PICTOR can support a richer understanding of news events.
Intronic Variants in the NFKB1 Gene May Influence Hearing Forecast in Patients with Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Meniere's Disease

Meniere's disease is an episodic vestibular syndrome associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and tinnitus. Patients with MD have an elevated prevalence of several autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis), which suggests a shared autoimmune background. Functional variants of several genes involved in the NF-κB pathway, such as REL, TNFAIP3, NFKB1 and TNIP1, have been associated with two or more immune-mediated diseases and allelic variations in the TLR10 gene may influence bilateral affectation and clinical course in MD. We have genotyped 716 cases of MD and 1628 controls by using the ImmunoChip, a high-density genotyping array containing 186 autoimmune loci, to explore the association of immune system related-loci with sporadic MD. Although no single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) reached a genome-wide significant association (p<10−8), we selected allelic variants in the NF-kB pathway for further analyses to evaluate the impact of these SNPs in the clinical outcome of MD in our cohort. None of the selected SNPs increased susceptibility for MD in patients with uni or bilateral SNHL. However, two potential regulatory variants in the NFKB1 gene (rs3774937 and rs4648011) were associated with a faster hearing loss progression in patients with unilateral SNHL. So, individuals with unilateral MD carrying the C allele in rs3774937 or G allele in rs4648011 had a shorter mean time to reach hearing stage 3 (>40 dB HL) (log-rank test, corrected p values were p = 0.009 for rs3774937 and p = 0.003 for rs4648011, respectively). No variants influenced hearing in bilateral MD. Our data support that the allelic variants rs3774937 and rs4648011 can modify hearing outcome in patients with MD and unilateral SNHL.
Breast feeding

Clinicians know that breast feeding is crucial to infant health in developing countries, but they may be less aware of the potential longer term health benefits for mothers and babies in developed countries, particularly in relation to obesity, blood pressure, cholesterol, and cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breast feeding (breast milk only, with no water, other fluids, or solids) for six months, with supplemental breast feeding continuing for two years and beyond. Governments in the United Kingdom have adopted this recommendation, but it presents an enormous challenge for countries like the UK and the United States, where breast feeding rates have been low for decades and can seem remarkably resistant to change. In this review, wewill focusmainly on developed countries, with reference to the global context. We will summarise the evidence for the beneficial effects of breast feeding on health, discuss the epidemiology, and provide practical guidance for managingproblemsassociatedwithbreast feeding.We highlight new developments in infant growth charts and current controversies around HIV and donor breast milk.
A Direct Road to Majorana Fields

A concise discussion of spin-1/2 field equations with a special focus on Majorana spinors is presented. The Majorana formalism which describes massive neutral fermions by the help of two-component or four-component spinors is of fundamental importance for the understanding of mathematical aspects of supersymmetric and other extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, which may play an increasingly important role at the beginning of the LHC era. The interplay between the two-component and the four-component formalism is highlighted in an introductory way. Majorana particles are predicted both by grand unified theories, in which these particles are neutrinos, and by supersymmetric theories, in which they are photinos, gluinos and other states.
Motion perception: a review of developmental changes and the role of early visual experience

Significant controversies have arisen over the developmental trajectory for the perception of global motion. Studies diverge on the age at which it becomes adult-like, with estimates ranging from as young as 3 years to as old as 16. In this article, we review these apparently conflicting results and suggest a potentially unifying hypothesis that may also account for the contradictory literature in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We also discuss the extent to which patterned visual input during this period is necessary for the later development of motion perception. We conclude by addressing recent studies directly comparing different types of motion integration, both in typical and atypical development, and suggest areas ripe for future research.
Cannabinoid-free Cannabis sativa L. grown in the Po valley: evaluation of fatty acid profile, antioxidant capacity and metabolic content

Within a project aimed to reintroduce non-drug hemp cultivars in the Italian Po valley, for fibre but also high added-value nutraceutical production, investigation on locally grown plants has been performed, in order to assess their oil and metabolic content. This study provides useful information regarding three different hemp cultivars, from two sites, in view of their potential industrial application. The oil was characterised by a high unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio and by an almost perfect balance of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, as requested for healthy foods. The alcoholic extracts, for which a high content of amino acids and phenolic compounds has been highlighted, could provide dietary supplements to help in preventing oxidative stress. By investigating the Carmagnola cultivar, six known and four new lignanamides have been identified, confirming and assessing the general metabolic pattern in the seeds of these locally grown plants.
Educational and Cognitive Predictors of Pro- and Antisaccadic Performance

Voluntary gaze control allows people to direct their attention toward selected targets while avoiding distractors. Failure in this ability could be related to dysfunctions in the neural circuits underlying executive functions. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that factors such as years of schooling and literacy may positively influence goal-directed behavior and inhibitory control. However, we do not yet know whether these factors also have a significant impact on the inhibitory control of oculomotor responses. Using pro- and antisaccadic tasks to assess the behavioral responses of healthy adults, we tested the contribution of years of schooling and reading proficiency to their oculomotor control, while simultaneously analyzing the effects of other individual characteristics related to demographic, cognitive and motor profiles. This approach allowed us to test the hypothesis that schooling factors are closely related to oculomotor performance. Indeed, a regression analysis revealed important contributions of reading speed and intellectual functioning to the choices on both pro- and antisaccadic tasks, while years of schooling, age and block sequence emerged as important predictors of the kinematic properties of eye movements on antisaccadic tasks. Thus, our findings show that years of schooling and reading speed had a strong predictive influence on the oculomotor measures, although age and order of presentation also influenced saccadic performance, as previously reported. Unexpectedly, we found that an indirect measure of intellectual ability also proved to be a good predictor of the control of saccadic movements. The methods and findings of this study will be useful for identifying and breaking down the cognitive and educational components involved in assessing voluntary and automatic responses.
Teachers’ Content Knowledge and Pedagogical Content Knowledge

Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and content knowledge (CK) are key components of teacher competence that affect student progress. However, little is known about how teacher education affects the development of CK and PCK. To address this question, our research group constructed tests to directly assess mathematics teachers’ CK and PCK. Based on these tests, we compared the PCK and CK of four groups of mathematics teachers at different points in their teaching careers in Germany. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that PCK and CK measurement was satisfactorily invariant across the teacher populations considered. As expected, the largest differences in CK and PCK were found between the beginning and the end of initial teacher education. Differences in the structures of teacher education were reasonably well reflected in participants’ CK and PCK.
Elastomer Nanocomposites Based on NR/EPDM/Organoclay: Morphology and Properties

Abstract Natural rubber/Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (NR/EPDM) blends of five different compositions (0/100), (25/75), (50/50), (75/25) and (100/0) with 1, 3, 5 and 7 phr organo-modified nanoclay (Cloisite 15A) were prepared by two-roll mill. The effect of organo-modified layered nanosilicates and composition on the cure characteristics, microstructure, mechanical, and rheological properties of the nanocomposites were studied. Results suggested the intercalation of polymer chains into the silicate layers which was evidenced by d-spacing results of X-ray diffraction patterns. TEM micrographs also directly confirmed XRD results. Mechanical properties of the nanocomposites depicted a nearly 40% percents increase respectively in the tensile modulus of 75NR/25EPDM containing 7 wt. % nanoclay.
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of gabapentin in rat, dog and man.

This paper describes the pharmacokinetic studies of 1-(aminomethyl)-cyclohexane acetic acid (gabapentin, Gö 3450, CI-945) conducted with the 14C-labelled substance following intravenous and intragastric administration to rats and dogs and oral administration to humans. Gabapentin is well absorbed in rats, dogs and in humans, with maximum blood levels, reached within 1-3 h after peroral administration. Following i.v. administration to rats, similar blood and brain levels of gabapentin are observed after a short distribution phase, whereby concentrations in cerebrum and cerebellum are comparable. The highest concentrations are found in the pancreas and kidneys and the lowest values in adipose tissue. No binding of gabapentin to human plasma proteins or human serum albumin is observed. The distribution coefficient (octanol/buffer pH 7.4) is 7.5 X 10(-2). In man, no biotransformation of gabapentin is observed. In rats, biotransformation is only minor. In dogs, however, a remarkable formation of N-methyl-gabapentin is found. Elimination half-lives range between 2-3 h in rats, 3-4 h in dogs, and 5-6 h in man. Gabapentin is nearly exclusively eliminated via the kidneys. Renal elimination was up to 99.8% in rats and approx. 80% in man following oral administration. The blood level-time course after i.v. administration to rats can well be described by a three-compartment open model. Experiments in rats and dogs demonstrate that pharmacokinetics are not sex-dependent and are not changed after multiple dosage. Pharmacokinetics are shown to be linear in the range tested of 4 to 500 mg/kg i.v. in rats.
A Process-Oriented Approach to Design Rationale

We propose an approach to design rationale (DR) that emphasizes supporting the design process in such a way that a trace of the rationale is captured with little disruption of the normal process. We describe a rhetorical method for design dialogue called IBIS (meaning "issue-based information systemsn) and two implementations of this rhetorical method: a graphical hypertext tool for conducting IBIS discussions called gIBIS and a simple indented text notation. We describe a field trial in an industrial setting in which the "low-techn indented text IBIS was used to capture more than 2,300 requirements and design decisions. We also explore the implications of this experience for the design of computer tools that, like gIBIS, seek to capture DR nonintrusively. Authors'present addresses: E . Jeffrey Conklin, Corporate Memory Systems, Inc., 8920 Business Park Drive, Austin, TX 78759-7405; KC Burgess Yakemovic, Human Interface Technology Center, NCR, 500 Technical Parkway, Northwest, Atlanta, GA 30313. D ow nl oa de d by [ C ol um bi a U ni ve rs ity ] at 0 7: 33 1 4 N ov em be r 20 14 CONKLIN AND BURGESS YAKEMOVIC
Presentation modality influences behavioral measures of alerting, orienting, and executive control

The Attention Network Test (ANT) uses visual stimuli to separately assess the attentional skills of alerting (improved performance following a warning cue), spatial orienting (an additional benefit when the warning cue also cues target location), and executive control (impaired performance when a target stimulus contains conflicting information). This study contrasted performance on auditory and visual versions of the ANT to determine whether the measures it obtains are influenced by presentation modality. Forty healthy volunteers completed both auditory and visual tests. Reaction-time measures of executive control were of a similar magnitude and significantly correlated, suggesting that executive control might be a supramodal resource. Measures of alerting were also comparable across tasks. In contrast, spatial-orienting benefits were obtained only in the visual task. Auditory spatial cues did not improve response times to auditory targets presented at the cued location. The different spatial-orienting measures could reflect either separate orienting resources for each perceptual modality, or an interaction between a supramodal orienting resource and modality-specific perceptual processing (JINS, 2006, 12, 485–492.)
N′-(2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzylidene)-3-hydroxybenzohydrazide methanol solvate

In the title compound, C14H10ClN3O4·CH3OH, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 33.9 (2)°. In the crystal structure, the methanol solvent molecules are linked to the Schiff base molecules through intermolecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Molecules are further linked through intermolecular O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming chains running along the b axis.
Adaptation of a Mixture of Multivariate Bernoulli Distributions

The mixture of multivariate Bernoulli distributions (MMB) is a statistical model for high-dimensional binary data in widespread use. Recently, the MMB has been used to model the sequence of packet receptions and losses of wireless links in sensor networks. Given an MMB trained on long data traces recorded from links of a deployed network, one can then use samples from the MMB to test different routing algorithms for as long as desired. However, learning an accurate model for a new link requires collecting from it long traces over periods of hours, a costly process in practice (e.g. limited battery life). We propose an algorithm that can adapt a preexisting MMB trained with extensive data to a new link from which very limited data is available. Our approach constrains the new MMB's parameters through a nonlinear transformation of the existing MMB's parameters. The transformation has a small number of parameters that are estimated using a generalized EM algorithm with an inner loop of BFGS iterations. We demonstrate the efficacy of the approach using the MNIST dataset of handwritten digits, and wireless link data from a sensor network. We show we can learn accurate models from data traces of about 1 minute, about 10 times shorter than needed if training an MMB from scratch.
Hospital-wide impact of a standardized order set for the management of bacteremic severe sepsis*

Objective:To evaluate the hospital-wide impact of a standardized order set for the management of bacteremic severe sepsis on processes of medical care and patient outcomes. Design:Retrospective, before and after study design. Setting:Barnes-Jewish Hospital, a 1200-bed academic medical center. Patients:Bacteremic patients with severe sepsis (200 from the 18-month before period and 200 from the 18-month after period). Interventions:Hospital-wide implementation of a standardized order set for the management of bacteremic severe sepsis. Measurements and Main Results:A total of 400 patients with bacteremia and severe sepsis were selected at random within the specified time periods. Patients in the after group received more intravenous fluids in the first 12 hours after onset of hypotension (1627 ± 1862 mL vs. 2054 ± 2237 mL; p = 0.04) and were more likely to receive appropriate initial antibiotic therapy (53.0% vs. 65.5%, p = 0.01). In-hospital mortality was statistically decreased in the after group (55.0% vs. 39.5%, p < 0.01), as was the hospital length of stay (28.7 ± 30.1 days vs. 22.4 ± 20.9 days; p = 0.02). Compared with the before group, the after group had reduced occurrence of renal failure (49.0% vs. 36.0%, p < 0.01), cardiovascular failure (70.5% vs. 57.0%, p < 0.01), and were less likely to require vasopressors after initial fluid resuscitation (68.5% vs. 52.5%, p < 0.01). Conclusions:The implementation of a hospital-wide standardized order set for the management of bacteremic severe sepsis was associated with greater fluid administration, improved antibiotic therapy, decreased incidence of organ failure, and improved survival.