Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Severe hypernatraemia (221 mEq/l), rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure after cerebral aneurysm surgery.

Hypernatraemia is a relatively frequent electrolyteabnormality in hospitalized patients, with reportedincidences ranging from 0.65 to 2.23% [1]. Normally,when the serum sodium rises, thirst develops andantidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted. Hypernatrae-mia will not occur in individuals with an intact thirstmechanism and free access to water, due to a potentosmolar stimulus to drink. Hypothalamic injuries mayimpair the function of the thirst regulatory centre,causing hypodipsia and hypernatraemia [2,3]. Severe hypernatraemia is a serious condition with amortalityof 60%[1,4]. Wedescribeacaseofapatientsurviving extremely severe hypernatraemia (221mEq/lsodium),rhabdomyolysisandacuterenalfailure(ARF)associated with hypodipsia and partial central diabetesinsipidus after surgery to repair an aneurysm of theanterior communicating artery. Such severe hyperna-traemiaisunusualandtherearefewreportedcaseswithserum sodium >200mEq/l [5–8].
Scheduling Two-Point Stochastic Jobs to Minimize the Makespan on Two Parallel Machines

Simple optimal policies are known for the problem of scheduling jobs to minimize expected makespan on two parallel machines when the job running-time distribution has a monotone hazard rate. But no such policy appears to be known in general. We investigate the general problem by adopting two-point running-time distributions, the simplest discrete distributions not having monotone hazard rates. We derive a policy that gives an explicit, compact solution to this problem and prove its optimality. We also comment briefly on first-order extensions of the model, but each of these seems to be markedly more difficult to analyze.
Using hand-crafted rules and machine learning to infer SciXML document structure

SciXML is designedto representhe standardhierarchicalstructureof scienti c articles andrepresentsa candidatecommondocumentrepresentationframework for text-mining. Sucha framework cangreatlyfacilitateinteroperabilityof text-mining tools.However, no publisheractuallygeneratesSciXML. Wedescribeanew framework for inferringSciXML from a presentational level of description,suchasPDF, using generalpurposecomponentssuchasOpticalCharacterRecognitionandexperthand-codedrulesandthenusing supervisedmachinelearningto provide theper-journaladaptationrequiredfor thedifferentpublicationstylesembodiedin differentjournals.Adaptationvia supervisedmachine learningcanoften be hamperedby the effort involved in generatingthe necessarygold standardtrainingmaterial. In our framework, theeffort requiredis substantiallyreduced by a) the initial processingby experthand-codedruleswhich producesa reasonable rst draft taggingandb) the intuitive natureof the SciXML tagswhich enablesnon-expert usersto correct rst draftsin a fastandef cient manner .
The Centre for Market and Public Organisation School Assignment, School Choice and Social Mobility School Assignment, School Choice and Social Mobility

The Centre for Market and Public Organisation (CMPO) is a leading research centre, combining expertise in economics, geography and law. Our objective is to study the intersection between the public and private sectors of the economy, and in particular to understand the right way to organise and deliver public services. The Centre aims to develop research, contribute to the public debate and inform policy-making. CMPO, now an ESRC Research Centre was established in 1998 with two large grants from The Leverhulme Trust. In 2004 we were awarded ESRC Research Centre status, and CMPO now combines core funding from both the ESRC and the Trust. Abstract We estimate the chances of poor and non-poor children getting places in good schools, analysing the relationship between poverty, location and school assignment. Our dataset allows us to measure location and distance very precisely. The simple unconditional difference in probabilities of attending a good school is substantial. We run an analysis that controls completely for location, exploiting within-street variation and controlling for other personal characteristics. Children from poor families are significantly less likely to go to good schools. We show that the lower chance of poor children attending a good school is essentially unaffected by the degree of choice.
Critical care outreach services and early warning scoring systems: a review of the literature.

AIM The aim of this paper is to explore the literature relating to critical care outreach services and the use of early warning scoring systems to detect developing critical illness. BACKGROUND Several studies have identified how suboptimal care may contribute to physiological deterioration of patients with major consequences on morbidity, mortality and requirement for intensive care. In a review of adult critical care services, the Department of Health (DOH) (England) recommended in 2000 that outreach services be established to avert admissions to Intensive Care, to enable discharges and to share critical care skills. METHODS A literature search was carried out of the BIOMED and NESLI databases using the key words "outreach", "early warning signs/systems" and "suboptimal care". The literature review was limited to the past 10 years, and primary research articles of particular relevance were included in the review. The literature is examined within the context of recent findings relating to the provision of suboptimal care within general wards prior to cardiac arrest and/or admission to Intensive Care Units (ICU), and subsequent government initiatives. Discussion. The discussion explores the potential contribution of critical care outreach services and early warning scoring systems to the care of patients in acute general wards, including the role that education can have in developing the knowledge base and assessment skills of ward nurses. CONCLUSION The paper concludes that further study is required to evaluate the effectiveness of critical care outreach services and early warning scoring systems, and that ward staff need to be educated to identify those patients at risk of developing critical illness. Finally, it is suggested that nurses' decision-making in relation to calling the outreach team requires further investigation.
--Health Benefits of Reducing Particulate Air Pollution from Heavy Duty Vehicles

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) recently promulgated regulations to reduce air pollution from heavy-duty vehicles. This article reports the estimated health benefits of reductions in ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations associated with those regulations based on the best available methods of benefits analysis. The results suggest that when heavy-duty vehicle emission reductions from the regulation are fully realized in 2030, they will result in substantial, broad scale reductions in ambient particulate matter. This will reduce the incidence of premature mortality by 8,300, chronic bronchitis by 5,500, and respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions by 7,500. In addition, over 175,000 asthma attacks and millions of respiratory symptoms will be avoided in 2030. The economic value of these health benefits is estimated at over $65 billion.
Aortic Valve Reconstruction Using Autologous Pericardium for Aortic Stenosis.

BACKGROUND To determine the feasibility of original aortic valve reconstruction (AVRec) for patients with aortic stenosis (AS), 416 consecutive cases were reviewed. METHODS AND RESULTS AVRecs for AS were performed for 416 patients from April 2007 through April 2013. All 416 patients were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred and fourteen patients had bicuspid valves and 16 had unicuspid valves. There were 182 men and 234 women. Mean age was 71.2±12.0 years old. On preoperative echocardiography, peak pressure gradient averaged 79.0±33.6 mmHg. Surgical annular diameter was 20.1±2.8 mm. The procedure is based on independent tricuspid replacement by autologous pericardium using original sizing apparatus and template. There was no conversion to prosthetic valve replacement. There were 8 in-hospital mortalities due to non-cardiac cause. On postoperative echocardiography, peak pressure gradient averaged 21.2±10.7 mmHg 1 week after surgery and 14.3±5.0 mmHg 5.5 years after surgery. Four reoperations were done for infective endocarditis. The other 412 patients had less than mild regurgitation. No thrombo-embolic events were recorded. The mean follow-up period was 25.2±17.5 months. Freedom from reoperation was 96.7% with 73-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Medium-term results were excellent. Original AVRec was feasible for the patients with AS. Long-term data will be presented in the future.
Determinants of merger activity: evidence from India

This study investigates the role of industry level factors in determining merger activity in an emerging economy. The study uses information from India, which has witnessed acceleration in merger activity subsequent to recent economic reforms. Departing from the existing literature, we proxy merger activity by the occurrence of mergers and the number of mergers. The results from logistic and count data regressions suggest that growth opportunity, concentration and cash flow are important determinants of merger activity. However, unlike existing studies, no evidence is found to support the role of mergers as a corporate restructuring activity in response to industry shocks.
Vertical Integration in the Presence of Upstream Competition

We analyze vertical integration to compare outcomes under upstream competition and monopoly. This is done in a model based on the property rights approach to firm boundaries and where multilateral negotiations are modelled using a fully specified, noncooperative bargaining game. We demonstrate that vertical integration can alter the joint payoff of integrating parties in ex post bargaining; however, this bargaining effect is stronger for firms integrating under upstream competition than upstream monopoly. In contrast, where integration internalizes competitive externalities, ex post monopolization is more likely to occur under upstream monopoly than upstream competition.
Improving Median Housing Price Indexes Through Stratification

There is a trade-off between how easy a housing price series is to construct and the extent to which it adjusts for changes in the mix of dwellings sold. Median house price measures are easily calculated, frequently used by industry bodies, and quoted in the media. However, such measures provide poor estimates of shortterm changes in prices because they reflect changes in the composition of transactions, as well as changes in demand and supply conditions. This study uses a database of 3.5 million transactions in the six largest Australian cities to demonstrate that compositional shifts between higher- and lower-priced parts of cities can account for much of the noise in median price measures. Accordingly, a simple method of adjusting for compositional change through stratification is proposed. The measure differs from those commonly used internationally, as neighborhoods or small geographic regions are grouped according to the long-term average price level of dwellings in those regions. The measure of price growth produced improves substantially upon a median and is very highly correlated with regression-based measures.
Atopic allergy and chronic inflammation of the oral mucosa in a 3-year-old boy after heart transplantation – diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties

In recent years, we have been observing an increased proportion of atopic diseases in children after solid organ transplantation. The pathogenesis of post-transplantation allergy is not completely understood and probably involves several factors, including immunosuppressive therapy. In this paper we present a case of 3-year old boy, after orthotopic heart transplantation at 6 months of age, with symptoms of food allergy associated with atopic dermatitis and changes in the orofacial area. The mentioned symptoms and elevated levels of total and specific IgE occurred with a year of transplant. Because of failure to achieve remission after typical allergy therapy we suspected that the reason of allergy in this case can be immunosuppressive therapy.
The Stock Return-Volume Relation: Evidences from Indian it Industry

In this paper we have attempted to analyse the relation between stock returns and trading volume, using daily data of some Indian IT sector stocks. We have checked for both, the contemporaneous and causal relationship between stock returns and trading volume. We found an asymmetric V-shaped contemporaneous relationship between returns and volume and a causal relationship between absolute returns and trading volume (Absolute return Granger causes volume). We also found that lagged volume as significant predictive power for current absolute return and vice-versa.
Measurement of the Silver Ion Concentration in Wound Fluids after Implantation of Silver-Coated Megaprostheses: Correlation with the Clinical Outcome

Background. Tumor patients and patients after traumas are endangered by a reduced immune defense, and a silver coating on their megaprostheses may reduce their risks of infection. The aim of this study was to determine the silver ion concentration directly measured from the periprosthetic tissue and the influence on the clinical outcome. Material and Methods. Silver ions were evaluated in 5 mL wound fluids two days postoperatively and in blood patients 7 and 14 days after surgery using inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry in 18 patients who underwent total joint replacement with a silver-coated megaendoprosthesis. Results. The concentration of silver ions averaged 0.08 parts per million. Patients who showed an increased silver concentration in the blood postoperatively presented a lower silver concentration in the wound fluids and a delayed decrease in C-reactive protein levels. There were significantly fewer reinfections and shorter hospitalization in comparison with a group that did not receive a silver-coated megaprosthesis. Conclusion. An increased concentration of silver in the immediate surroundings of silver-coated prostheses was demonstrated for the first time in cohorts of patients with trauma or tumors. An elevated concentration of silver ions in the direct periprosthetic tissue may have reduced the infection rate.
Bhattacharyya Clustering with Applications to Mixture Simplifications

Bhattacharrya distance (BD) is a widely used distance in statistics to compare probability density functions (PDFs). It has shown strong statistical properties (in terms of Bayes error) and it relates to Fisher information. It has also practical advantages, since it strongly relates on measuring the overlap of the supports of the PDFs. Unfortunately, even with common parametric models on PDFs, few closed-form formulas are known. Moreover, the BD centroid estimation was limited to univariate gaussian PDFs in the literature and no convergence guarantees were provided. In this paper, we propose a closed-form formula for BD on a general class of parametric distributions named exponential families. We show that the BD is a Burbea-Rao divergence for the log normalizer of the exponential family. We propose an efficient iterative scheme to compute a BD centroid on exponential families. Finally, these results allow us to define a Bhattacharrya hierarchical clustering algorithms (BHC). It can be viewed as a generalization of k-means on BD. Results on image segmentation shows the stability of the method.
Do Implied Volatilities Provide Early Warning of Market Stress?

Implied volatility can signal that market turmoil has become more likely in the near future. Statistical evidence is presented indicating that implied volatility contains information regarding future large-magnitude returns which is not contained in other risk measures. Large moves in asset prices are often preceded by significant increases in implied volatility. A practical warning signal based on implied volatility that can help risk managers posture themselves for stress events is developed.
Wave conditions in the Baltic Proper and in the Gulf of Finland during windstorm Gudrun

Abstract. Wave conditions in the northern Baltic Proper during windstorm Erwin/Gudrun (January 2005) are analysed based on in situ measurements in three locations and output of operational wave models from the German Weather Forecast Service, the Danish Meteorological Institute and the Finnish Institute of Marine Research. The measured significant wave height reached 7.2 m in the northern Baltic Proper and 4.5 m in the Gulf of Finland. The roughest wave conditions, estimated from the comparison of the forecast and measured data, occurred remote from the sensors, off the coasts of Saaremaa and Latvia where the significant wave height was about 9.5 m. Peak periods exceeded 12 s in a large part of the northern Baltic Proper and in the central part of the Gulf of Finland.
The Peak-Patch Picture of Cosmic Catalogs. II. Validation

We compare hierarchical peak-patch catalogues with groups and clusters constructed using Couchman's adaptive P 3 M simulations of a `standard' CDM model with amplitude parameter 8 1. The N-body groups are found using an identiication algorithm based on average cluster overdensity and the peak-patch properties were determined using algorithms from Paper I. We show that the best agreement is obtained if we use (1) density peaks rather than shear eigenvalue peaks as candidate points, (2) ellipsoidal rather than spherical collapse dynamics, thereby including external tidal eeects and (3) a binary reduction method as opposed to a full exclusion method for solving the cloud-in-cloud problem of peak theory. These are also the best choices physically. The mass and internal energy distributions of the peaks and groups are quite similar, but the group kinetic energy distribution is ooset by about 12% in velocity dispersion, reeecting our nding that the N-body clusters are invariably out of isolated virial equilibrium. Individual peak-to-group comparisons show good agreement for high-mass, tightly-bound groups, with growing scatter for lower masses and looser binding. The nal state (Eulerian) spatial distribution of peak-patches and N-body clusters are shown to be satisfyingly close. There is indication for the necessity of a small non-linear correction to the Zeldovich peak velocities.
Reproductive tradeoffs of learning in a butterfly

The evolution of learning has long been hypothesized to be limited by fitness trade-offs such as delays in reproduction. We explored the relationship between host learning and reproduction in the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae. The cabbage white female is innately biased to search for common green hosts but can learn to search for rare red hosts. Host learning was shown previously to vary among full-sibling families and to incur costs in terms of host search efficiency and brain size. In the present study, we show that butterflies from full-sib families with relatively better learning performance on red hosts tend to emerge as adults with relatively fewer and less-developed eggs. We also used methoprene, a juvenile hormone mimic, to advance reproduction in female cabbage whites. We found that methoprene-treated butterflies improved host-finding ability less with experience, relative to controls, providing independent evidence of a link between learning and timing of reproduction. Finally, we show that the learning experience itself is associated with additional decreases in lifetime fecundity. These results support a range of theoretical and comparative studies highlighting the importance of fitness tradeoffs in the evolution of learning and cognition. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.
Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistant and Virulent Salmonella spp. in Treated Effluent and Receiving Aquatic Milieu of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Durban, South Africa

In this study, we evaluated the impact of treated wastewater effluent from two wastewater treatment plants on the physicochemical parameters and Salmonella spp. load of receiving rivers. Presumptive Salmonella spp. were obtained at all sampled points including the discharge points, with counts ranging from 0 to 4.14 log cfu/mL at both plants. Turbidity, chemical and biological oxygen demand were found to be high and mostly above the required limit for treated wastewater discharge. However, recorded nitrate and phosphate values were very low. Of the 200 confirmed Salmonella spp. isolates recovered from the treated effluent and receiving surface waters, 93% harbored the spiC gene, 84% harbored the misL gene, and 87.5% harbored the orfL gene while 87% harbored the pipD gene. The antibiotic resistance profile revealed that the isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid and streptomycin, but susceptible to quinolones and third generation β-lactams. These results indicate that in South Africa treated effluents are still a major source of contamination of rivers with pathogens such as Salmonella. Appropriate steps by the regulatory authorities and workers at the treatment plants are needed to enforce stipulated guidelines in order to prevent pollution of surface water resources due to the discharge of poorly treated effluents.
On the use of NMF for onset detection in poliphonic piano music

Recently the use of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) for music onset detection has been proposed. In this paper we present the results of an experimental evaluation of NMF for onset detection of piano music. The test results, concerning a publicly available dataset of piano music, show a good performance of NMF, almost invariant from the factorization rank. However, better results have been obtained using simplified onset detection techniques, with lower computational complexity of implementation.
Redacting Proprietary Information at the Initial Public Offering

Nearly 40% of IPO firms redact information from their SEC registration filings. These firms exhibit characteristics consistent with the need to shield proprietary information from potential rivals. They experience greater underpricing, but pre-IPO insiders reduce underpricing-related wealth transfers by selling proportionately less of the firm’s shares at the IPO, raising more equity financing in later seasoned equity offerings, and selling their own holdings at a relatively slow pace. The information environment of redacting firms reflects proportionately more private information than that of non-redacting firms post IPO, but this difference abates by the fourth year. Consistent with the view that redacted proprietary information provides competitive advantages, redacting firms exhibit superior financial performance post IPO. The results illustrate tradeoffs in balancing firms’ needs to protect proprietary information with their capital needs, investors’ needs for information to price securities, and pre-IPO owners’ liquidity needs.