Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Properties of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles by Co-precipitation Method to Removal Procion Dye

Fe3O4 (magnetite) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of as-prepared were characterized by X Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The result of XRD characterization was indicated Fe3O4 as the product. SEM and TEM image of the Fe3O4 showed nanoparticles Fe3O4 have the mean diameter 5-20 nm. The EDS spectra showed strong peaks of Fe and O. Magnetic characteristic of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was indicated super paramagnetic properties. The saturation magnetic was 89.46 emu g-1. Therefore, the nanoparticles Fe3O4 is suitabe to remove dye in the water by a simple magnetic separation process. The optimum adsorption occurred at initial concentration of procion dye 100 mg L-1, pH solution 6, dosage of Fe3O4 0.8 g L-1 and contact time 30 minutes under room temperature with color removal 24.40 % and adsorption capacity was 30.503 mg g-1
Corporate governance and insider trading

I investigate the relation between corporate governance and insider trading by corporate executives. Despite the general view that trade on non-public information adversely affects capital market participants, the impact of corporate governance on such trading remains relatively unexplored in prior research. I propose an empirical measure that relies on a predicted pattern in stock returns to identify transactions that are more likely to be based on private information and provide evidence to validate the construct. Using this measure, I find that good corporate governance, identified through board and ownership characteristics that have been linked to more effective monitoring of management in prior research, is negatively related to opportunistic insider trading. In supplementary analysis, I provide evidence on the robustness of this relation to an alternative hypothesis and to potential endogeneity. Overall, I conclude that good corporate governance helps to attenuate opportunistic insider trading. Thesis Supervisor: S.P. Kothari Title: Deputy Dean, Gordon Y Billard Professor of Management and Accounting
Occupational Choice Across Generations

There are few studies on occupational choices in Germany, and second-generation occupational choice and mobility is even less investigated. Such research is important because occupations determine success in the labour market. In a country like Germany occupations also reflect a general socio-economic standing. This Paper looks at the patterns of employment in Germany, analyses how individual men and women access jobs given their family background, and investigates why men and women have different occupational distributions. Based on the German Socio-Economic Panel we estimate multinomial logit models of occupational choice for the children of immigrants as well as for natives. Our findings are surprisingly similar for both natives and immigrants. For both Germans and immigrants, we find that gender significantly and differentially affects occupational choice, and that individuals with more education choose higher-ranking jobs. The role of experience is important for natives and qualified individuals only. Germans are more likely to choose occupations similar to their fathers’ occupation when their father is in the white collar or professional category. In stark contrast, the immigrants’ occupational choice is more influenced by their mother’s education and not by their fathers’ occupation.
Positional Signaling and Expression of ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC1 Are Tuned to Increase Root Hair Density in Response to Phosphate Deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana

Phosphate (Pi) deficiency induces a multitude of responses aimed at improving the acquisition of Pi, including an increased density of root hairs. To understand the mechanisms involved in Pi deficiency-induced alterations of the root hair phenotype in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we analyzed the patterning and length of root epidermal cells under control and Pi-deficient conditions in wild-type plants and in four mutants defective in the expression of master regulators of cell fate, CAPRICE (CPC), ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC 1 (ETC1), WEREWOLF (WER) and SCRAMBLED (SCM). From this analysis we deduced that the longitudinal cell length of root epidermal cells is dependent on the correct perception of a positional signal (‘cortical bias’) in both control and Pi-deficient plants; mutants defective in the receptor of the signal, SCM, produced short cells characteristic of root hair-forming cells (trichoblasts). Simulating the effect of cortical bias on the time-evolving probability of cell fate supports a scenario in which a compromised positional signal delays the time point at which non-hair cells opt out the default trichoblast pathway, resulting in short, trichoblast-like non-hair cells. Collectively, our data show that Pi-deficient plants increase root hair density by the formation of shorter cells, resulting in a higher frequency of hairs per unit root length, and additional trichoblast cell fate assignment via increased expression of ETC1.
Parents’ and teachers’ reflections on the process of daily transitions in an infant and toddler laboratory school

ABSTRACT This qualitative study considered values, beliefs, perspectives, and meanings of 7 parents and 3 teachers within the context of daily home-to-child care transitions in one infant-toddler center in an early childhood laboratory school. Sociocultural and attachment theories anchored the study and the developmental niche framework informed methodology. The study gave voice to parents of infants and toddlers and teachers involved in transitions rituals, an approach few studies in the U.S. have taken to date. Naturalistic observations, videotaped transitions, and video-stimulated recall interviews (VSRI) were used with participants. Data were analyzed using constant comparative method, creating vignettes, and ensuring trustworthiness through thick descriptions, triangulation of data, and reflective journaling. Findings include: (a) parents and teachers partnered to create and implement individualized strategies to facilitate transitions, (b) parents and teachers had different perspectives and assigned diverse meanings during transitions, and (c) parents and teachers periodically felt uncertain and concerned about transitions. This study contributes new knowledge to the early childhood education field by revealing some ways parents and teachers experience transitions through juxtaposing and weaving together their thoughts and feelings. Implications include use of methodologies that make visible relational and pedagogical aspects of transitions and insights for professional development.
Reliance on orthography and phonology in reading of Chinese: A developmental study

Background Disruptions of reading processes due to text substitutions can measure how readers use lexical information. Methods With eye-movement recording, children and adults viewed sentences with either identical, orthographically similar, homophonic or unrelated substitutions of the first characters in target words. To the extent that readers rely on orthographic or phonological cues, substitutions that contain such cues should cause less disruption reading than do unrelated substitutions. Results On pretarget words, there was a reliable reduction in gaze duration due to homophonic substitution only for children. On target words, we observed reliable recovery effects due to orthographic similarity for adults. On post-target words, adults had better orthographic-based and phonological-based recovery abilities than children. Conclusions The combination of eye movement recording and the error detection paradigm offers a novel implicit paradigm for studying reading development: during sentence reading, beginning readers of Chinese may rely on phonological mediation, while skilled readers have more direct access to semantics from orthography. Highlights What is already known about this topic There is little evidence for early phonological activation during the reading of Chinese sentences among skilled Chinese readers There is a rich body of evidence supporting the view that phonological information is activated very early in alphabetic scripts, as indexed by shorter fixation durations when useful phonological information is present. What this paper adds Chinese beginning readers have early parafoveal activation of phonology during the silent reading of Chinese sentences, as indexed by the parafovea-on-fovea effect in the homophonic substitution condition. The early activation of phonology diminishes with the development of reading skills. Implications for theory, policy or practice The phonological parafovea-on-fovea effect was revealed during the silent reading of Chinese sentences for beginning readers. Chinese children may rely on phonological codes while skilled readers have more direct access to semantics from orthography. The teaching of phonological aspects of Chinese orthography is very important for beginning readers
Introspective Minds: Using ALE Meta-Analyses to Study Commonalities in the Neural Correlates of Emotional Processing, Social & Unconstrained Cognition

Previous research suggests overlap between brain regions that show task-induced deactivations and those activated during the performance of social-cognitive tasks. Here, we present results of quantitative meta-analyses of neuroimaging studies, which confirm a statistical convergence in the neural correlates of social and resting state cognition. Based on the idea that both social and unconstrained cognition might be characterized by introspective processes, which are also thought to be highly relevant for emotional experiences, a third meta-analysis was performed investigating studies on emotional processing. By using conjunction analyses across all three sets of studies, we can demonstrate significant overlap of task-related signal change in dorso-medial prefrontal and medial parietal cortex, brain regions that have, indeed, recently been linked to introspective abilities. Our findings, therefore, provide evidence for the existence of a core neural network, which shows task-related signal change during socio-emotional tasks and during resting states.
Missed opportunity for tuberculosis case detection in household contacts in a high burden setting

Contact investigation remains an essential component of tuberculosis (TB) control, yet missed opportunities to trace, medically examine, and treat close contacts of newly diagnosed index TB cases persist. We report a new case of active TB in a 21 year-old woman who was a household contact of a known TB index case in Kampala, Uganda. She was identified during a house-to-house TB case finding survey using chronic cough (≥2 weeks). This case study re-emphasizes two important public health issues in relation to TB control in developing countries; the need to promote active contact investigations by National TB programs and the potential complementary role of active case finding in minimizing delays in TB detection especially in high burden settings like Uganda.
ON THE STATISTICAL ORIGIN OF TOPOLOGICAL SYMMETRIES

We investigate a quantum system possessing a parasupersymmetry of order 2, an orthosupersymmetry of order p, a fractional supersymmetry of order p+1, and topological symmetries of type (1,p) and (1,1,…,1). We obtain the corresponding symmetry generators, explore their relationship, and show that they may be expressed in terms of the creation and annihilation operators for an ordinary boson and orthofermions of order p. We give a realization of parafermions of order 2 using orthofermions of arbitrary order p, discuss a p=2 parasupersymmetry between p = 2 parafermions and parabosons of arbitrary order, and show that every orthosupersymmetric system possesses topological symmetries. We also reveal a correspondence between the orthosupersymmetry of order p and the fractional supersymmetry of order p+1.
Explaining sonority projection effects*

Abstract The term sonority projection refers to behavioural distinctions speakers make between unattested phonological sequences on the basis of sonority. For example, among onset clusters, the well-formedness relation [bn]>[lb] is observed in speech perception, speech production and non-word acceptability (Davidson 2006, 2007, Berent et al. 2007, Albright, ms). We begin by replicating the sonority projection effects in a non-word acceptability study. Then we evaluate the extent to which sonority projection is predicted by existing computational models of phonotactics (Coleman & Pierrehumbert 1997, Hayes & Wilson 2008, inter alia). We show that a model based only on lexical statistics can explain sonority projection in English without a pre-existing sonority sequencing principle. To do this, a model must possess (i) a featural system supporting sonority-based generalisations, and (ii) a context representation including syllabification or equivalent information.
ON MODELING SYSTEMS OF CROP ACREAGE DEMANDS

This article presents an alternative approach to the specification of systems of crop acreage responses. Derived demands for acreages of individual crops are specified as conditional on total crop acreage, and related separability and dynamic specifications help to reduce the effects of multicollinearity in the system. A simple econometric model of crop acreage demands for Western Canada illustrates the methodology.
Multicollinearity in Regression Analyses Conducted in Epidemiologic

The adverse impact of ignoring multicollinearity on findings and data interpretation in regression analysis is very well documented in the statistical literature. The failure to identify and report multicollinearity could result in misleading interpretations of the results. A review of epidemiological literature in PubMed from January 2004 to December 2013, illustrated the need for a greater attention to identifying and minimizing the effect of multicollinearity in analysis of data from epidemiologic studies. We used simulated datasets and real life data from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort to demonstrate the adverse effects of multicollinearity in the regression analysis and encourage researchers to consider the diagnostic for multicollinearity as one of the steps in regression analysis.
IMS - MBMS Integration: Functional Analysis & Architectural Design

The introduction of IMS into a network operator's core network enables substantial possibilities for broadcast/multicast applications. Besides the radio efficient MBMS, other access technologies e.g. DVB-H, Wi-Fi (802.11) etc., can also serve as a delivery platform with IMS as the controlling entity. Currently, IMS only supports unicast transmission, this paper explores the functional and architectural implications of a broadcast/multicast enabled IMS. MBMS is selected as the broadcast/multicast delivery technology. A functional analysis is carried out to identify the main features offered/supported by MBMS, including an interface analysis. Two integration approaches are adopted; network architectures and network entity designs are proposed for both. In the first approach IMS applications can use MBMS and the BM-SC is left unchanged; this IMS-MBMS integration is appropriate for 3GPP R7/R8 architecture, but it fails to support heterogeneous delivery technologies. The second approach considers the functions of the BM-SC to be distributed across the various IMS entities and is more appropriate to the long-term vision of the 3GPP SAE/LTE architecture. This work is carried out as part of EU-IST project C-MOBILE (IST-2005-27423).
Fiscal Decentralization in China: History, Impact, Challenges and Next Steps

Fiscal decentralization has been a fundamental aspect of China's transition to a market economy; and the country has made substantial efforts to break down its highly centralized fiscal management system with various forms of fiscal contracting systems (1978-1993) and later a tax sharing system (1994-present). The objectives of this paper are to provide a comprehensive review of Chinai¯s experience in fiscal decentralization over the last decade, explore the impact of fiscal decentralization on growth and public expenditures, and identify political as well as economic issues arising after 1994 tax sharing reform. As the government is shifting the development policy towards building a harmonious society, aspects of the current fiscal system that require policy attention include the opaque and inappropriate expenditure assignment, particularly at the sub-provincial levels; the vertical fiscal gap and widening fiscal disparities; the complex and malfunctioning intergovernmental transfer system; the neglected sub-provincial fiscal arrangements; and the weakness in the vertical accountability of local governments to the Center as well as the horizontal accountability of local administrations to the local needs and preferences.
GaN Device Modeling with X-Parameters

Arbitrary-load-dependent X-parameters, automatically measured with a load-tuner working with an NVNA, are used to characterize and model a packaged 10W GaN transistor. A full nonlinear two-port functional block model for PA and other circuit design is immediately available for nonlinear simulation. It is demonstrated that the model predicts well the independent effects of harmonic load tuning without having to independently control harmonic loads during characterization. The nonlinear model can be used effectively to obtain optimal fundamental and harmonic impedances for device operation, as well as predict, accurately, other nonlinear FOMs including PAE and harmonic distortion. Source-pull is shown to be unnecessary except for efficient power transfer, yet the model is fully capable of predicting correct device response when embedded in any source and load impedance at the fundamental and harmonics.
Gender, relationship power, and hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal reactivity to couple conflict

The present study investigates how individuals’ gender and their perceptions of power in romantic relationships relate to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity during and after a conflict with their romantic partner. We assessed HPA activity (via salivary cortisol) in 120 same-sex and heterosexual couples before, during, and after a laboratory assessment of couple conflict. Women in both same-sex and heterosexual couples showed greater HPA reactivity to conflict and poorer HPA recovery from conflict, independent of their perceptions of power in their relationship. Gender differences in conflict reactivity were greatest among individuals whose partners reported having low power. Among both women and men, those whose partners reported taking on fewer household responsibilities had greater baseline HPA activity. Individuals in same-sex couples had greater HPA conflict reactivity and poorer conflict recovery than individuals in heterosexual couples. The findings have implications for investigating power, gender, and social marginalization as influences on health-related processes in couples.
Geometric Type-1 and Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems

This paper presents a novel approach to the representation of type-1 and type-2 fuzzy sets utilising computational geometry. To achieve this our approach borrows ideas from the field of computational geometry and applies these techniques in the novel setting of fuzzy logic. We provide new algorithms for various operations on type-1 and type-2 fuzzy sets and for defuzzification. Results of experiments indicate that this approach reduces the execution speed of these operations
Effect of Study Habits, Mental Health And Academic Stress on Academic Achievement Among Teacher Trainees

A study was carried out on 400 teacher trainees to find out the effect of study habits, mental health and academic stress on academic achievement among teacher trainees. Mental Health Status inventory developed by Reddy, Study Habits inventory developed by Prabhakar and Scale for Assessing Academic Stress developed by Sinha, Sharma and Mahendra was used to assess the mental health, study habits and academic stress of the teacher trainees. Results revealed that there is significant impact of mental health on study habits and academic stress of prospective teachers.
The effects of parental education on exercise behavior in childhood and youth: a study in Dutch and Finnish twins

Twin studies have estimated the relative contribution of genes and the environment to variance in exercise behavior and it is known that parental education positively affects exercise levels. This study investigates the role of parental education as a potential modifier of variance in exercise behavior from age 7 to 18 years. The study is based on large datasets from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR: N = 24 874 twins; surveys around the ages of 7, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 years) and two Finnish twin cohorts (FinnTwin12: N = 4399; 12, 14 and 17 years; FinnTwin16: N = 4648; 16, 17 and 18 years). Regular participation in moderate‐to‐vigorous exercise activities during leisure time was assessed by survey. Parental education was dichotomized (“both parents with a low education” vs “at least one parent with a high education”). The mean in exercise behavior tended to be higher and the variance tended to be lower in children of high educated parents. Evidence for gene‐by‐environment interaction was weak. To develop successful interventions that specifically target children of low educated parents, the mechanisms causing the mean and variance differences between the two groups should be better understood.
Long Short-Term Memory Over Recursive Structures

The chain-structured long short-term memory (LSTM) has showed to be effective in a wide range of problems such as speech recognition and machine translation. In this paper, we propose to extend it to tree structures, in which a memory cell can reflect the history memories of multiple child cells or multiple descendant cells in a recursive process. We call the model S-LSTM, which provides a principled way of considering long-distance interaction over hierarchies, e.g., language or image parse structures. We leverage the models for semantic composition to understand the meaning of text, a fundamental problem in natural language understanding, and show that it outperforms a state-of-the-art recursive model by replacing its composition layers with the S-LSTM memory blocks. We also show that utilizing the given structures is helpful in achieving a performance better than that without considering the structures.
Evaluation of wavelet measures on automatic detection of emotion in noisy and telephony speech signals

Detection of emotion in humans from speech signals is a recent research field. One of the scenarios where this field has been applied is in situations where the human integrity and security are at risk. In this paper we are propossing a set of features based on the Teager energy operator, and several entropy measures obtained from the decomposition signals from discrete wavelet transform to characterize different types of negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, disgust, and desperation. The features are measured in three different conditions: (1) the original speech signals, (2) the signals that are contaminated with noise, or are affected by the presence of a phone channel, and (3) the signals that are obtained after processing using an algorithm for Speech Enhancement based on Karhunen-Love Transform. According to the results, when the speech enhancement is applied, the detection of emotion in speech is increased in up to 22% compared to results obtained when the speech signal is highly contaminated with noise.