Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of telephone versus face-to-face survey modes on reports of alcohol-related attitudes, harms and alcohol consumption

Abstract Aims: To assess the effect of telephone vs. face-to-face interview modes on reports of alcohol-related attitudes, harms and alcohol consumption. Methods: Two simple random samples of persons aged 15–69 were drawn for the Finnish Drinking Habits Survey with sample sizes of 800 for the telephone interviews and 3750 for the face-to-face interviews. Results: There was an estimated mode effect for the whole population in 4 out of 28 descriptive measures. They did not show a consistent pattern, but some support was found for a lower level of reported alcohol-related harm in telephone interviews than in face-to-face interviews. In the subgroup analysis, our results showed differences in 9 out of 68 comparisons. The most consistent ones of these differences were between the age groups. Conclusion: The results of the alcohol-related measures in the telephone interviews were reasonably well in line with the results of the face-to-face interviews.
An Efficient Barrier Implementation for OpenMP-Like Parallelism on the Intel SCC

This paper proposes an effective barrier synchronization implementations for shared memory-based parallel programming models (e.g. OpenMP) on the Intel SCC non-cache- coherent platform. Barrier synchronization primitives are key components of these programming models to coordinate the parallel threads. Therefore, we need an efficient implementation of the underlying synchronization algorithms to allow high-level barrier constructs for better performance. In particular, we present an efficient evaluation method to determine the overhead associated with integration of barrier algorithms that is required for OpenMP runtime libraries. We validate several implementation variants that efficiently use the network topology and SCC-specific hardware. Our experimental results for different Micro- benchmarks show significant performance improvement up to 98% for 48 cores.
In the Horns of the Dilemma: Socioemotional Wealth, Financial Wealth, and Acquisitions in Family Firms

We posit that family firms often face a dilemma in their strategic decision making: whether to maintain current socioemotional wealth or pursue prospective financial wealth. Applying such a mixed gamble perspective to acquisitions, family owners assess potential acquisitions with regard to their impact on both wealth dimensions. In line with this reasoning, our results show that family control implies a general reluctance to acquire and, when an acquisition happens, a preference for related targets. Because financial and socioemotional viewpoints lead to largely incompatible predictions about the occurrence and relatedness of acquisitions, family firm owners use their firm’s vulnerability as a signal. Increased vulnerability leads to a heightened propensity to prioritize financial over socioemotional wealth problem framing, which is reflected in the acquisition of unrelated targets. Empirical results are supportive of these predictions.
Glucocorticoids inhibit serum depletion‐induced apoptosis in T lymphocytes expressing Bcl‐2

Depletion of growth factors and glucocorticoids are known to induce apoptosis and inhibit growth in T lymphocytes. We have examined the effect of Bcl‐2 expression on the cellular response to growth factor depletion in the presence or absence of glucocorticoids. Cell growth was determined by cell counting and viability was quantitated by dye exclusion. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry, analysis of DNA integrity, and enzymatic determination of caspase‐3‐like activity. Serum depletion and glucocorticoid administration inhibited cell growth and stimulated apoptosis in Bcl‐2 negative cells. Cotreatment with both stimuli had additive effects on apoptosis but not on inhibition of cell growth. Bcl‐2 expression abrogated the repressive effect of glucocorticoids on apoptosis but not on cell growth. In contrast, neither apoptosis nor growth inhibition induced by serum depletion of cells was blocked by Bcl‐2 expression. However, glucocorticoid treatment of Bcl‐2‐overexpressing cells protected them from apoptosis induced by serum depletion. Glucocorticoid protection of Bcl‐2‐overexpressing cells from serum depletion‐induced apoptosis was mimicked by other inducers of apoptosis, which act to inhibit protein synthesis. These data suggest that Bcl‐2 expression can switch the effect of glucocorticoids from proapoptotic to antiapoptotic when lymphocytes expressing Bcl‐2 are exposed to other apoptotic stimuli. —Huang, S. ‐T. J., Cidlowski, J. A. Glucocorticoids inhibit serum depletion‐induced apoptosis in T lymphocytes expressing Bcl‐2. FASEB J. 13, 467–476 (1999)
Learner–Corpus Interaction: A Locus of Microgenesis in Corpus-assisted L2 Writing

This paper examines the processes through which learners interact with a corpus system and microgenetic development emerges from the interaction. The corpus system described in this paper is capable of retrieving highly relevant textual examples tailored to individual needs. Data were collected from an undergraduate ESL composition course in North America for one semester while students interacted with the system. Using exploratory techniques that triangulate on real-time screen recordings, corpus queries, and oral/written reflections, this paper documents these interactions as evidencing each learner’s efforts to resolve issues by retrieving, evaluating, and appropriating the corpus search results. The findings show that the learner’s achievements depend both on their ability to interpret and exploit the search results and on the corpus system’s ability to respond to the learner’s particular needs. Based on these findings, this paper suggests that corpus-based research should focus on maximizing the learner’s developmental potential by developing more advanced corpus systems and enhancing the learner’s textual awareness and analytical ability.
Integrating key competences in school physical education programmes

In 2006, the European Union published its recommendations on competences for lifelong learning. Since then, key competences have been integrated into the official curriculum in Spain. The objectives of the present study are: a) to describe the strategies used most frequently by physical education teachers to incorporate key competences in their programmes; and b) to identify the profiles of teachers and schools that promote the inclusion of key competences in their physical education programmes. Data were collected via a questionnaire administered to a sample of 2051 physical education teachers in primary and secondary schools in Spain. The results show that while teachers include key competences in their programmes, they do not usually do so explicitly. The competences most frequently included are: social and citizenship skills; autonomy and personal initiative; learning to learn; and knowledge of, and interaction with, the physical world. To develop these competences, lesson plans often aim to integrate knowledge, skills and attitudes, apply problem-solving approaches, and foster the transfer of learning to everyday life. The lack of interdisciplinarity emerges as a negative aspect. Factors favouring the inclusion of competences are the provision of competence-based training for teachers and the presence of a coordination system for dealing with competences in the school. The conclusion drawn is that merely including key competences in the official curriculum is not enough; reinforcement and correction of all the aspects mentioned are essential to ensure that adequate attention is paid to competences in physical education programmes.
Effect of border molding materials and techniques on peripheral tissue morphology and retention of denture bases in edentulous patients at RSGM USU

The objective of border molding procedure is to get peripheral seal to achieve a retentive denture. An exact border molding record is influenced by the material and technique. Green stick compound is usually the material of choice nowdays, it has thermoplastic mechanical properties that makes some problems. Polyvinylsiloxane have a long working time which come as material option that resolved the green stick compound limitations. This material is available in several viscosity, which influence their mechanical properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of border molding materials and techniques in recording morphologic detail of pheriferal tissue and denture base retention. Four custom trays were made from each subject then border molding procedure was done with either heavy body or putty polyvinylsiloxane material with fuctional or manual technique. Retention value was measured after recording final impression with analog push and pull gauge. Working models were then scanned with digital scanner CAD/CAM and measured with 3D builder software. The statistical significance of retention value and morphologic detail of pheriferal tissue was tested with univarian dan unpaired T test. Mean value at morphologic detail of pheriferal tissue with heavy body polyvinylsiloxane is smaller than with putty polyvinylsiloxane. Higher mean value of retention at putty with functional technique is (48,00 + 6.65) N. there is no significance value on both materials and techniques. Based on this research putty polyvinylsiloxane with functional technique can be recommended for border molding procedure.
Trans fatty acid isomers and the trans-9/trans-11 index in fat containing foods

To determine trans fatty acid (TFA) distribution of contemporary foods, especially regarding individual trans octadecenoic acids (trans C18:1), 339 German foods of six categories (semi-solid fats, deep-fried potato products, bakery products, confectioneries, instant products and butter) were analysed using two GC methods. Results showed a high variation of TFA content between and within the categories containing between 0 and 40.5% of FAME except in butter, which is a source of natural TFA. The mean TFA values were below 2.0% of FAME, however, bakery products contained 4.5% and butter fat 3.2%, respectively. In addition, the distribution of individual trans C18:1 differed. In samples containing ruminant fat (butter and various confectioneries), vaccenic acid (t11-C18:1, t11) predominated, while in foods containing industrially hydrogenated fats, elaidic acid (trans-9, t9-) and t10-C18:1 were the major trans isomers. This was reflected by a low t9/t11 index of 0.3 and 0.5 in butter and ruminant fat containing confectioneries, respectively, whilst the highest index was observed in shortenings and deep-fried potato products at 5.2 and 6.8, respectively. In conclusion, the TFA content of foods available on the German market is generally declining, but substantial variations are present. The t9/t11 index could be used as an indicator to determine ruminant fat. Practical applications: A number of studies provide evidence that a high TFA intake, particularly of industrial origin, adversely affects human health. The TFA content of foods could be reduced due to the introduction of several mandatory regulations and modifications regarding the hydrogenation process of oils. The most abundant dietary TFA are the isomers of trans C18:1. Unfortunately, the differentiation of these isomers is not yet very common, though the trans C18:1 profile differs depending on its origin (bacterial hydrogenation in the rumen or industrial hydrogenation). To date, data for TFA content including the trans C18:1 profile of different food categories are limited. The present study confirmed that the TFA contents in German foods are declining. However, TFA are still elevated, especially in bakery products and confectioneries, which are produced using mainly industrial but also ruminant fats. Therefore, the t9/t11 index imparts important information on the source of TFA in processed foods.
Sociology and, of and in Web 2.0: Some Initial Considerations

This paper introduces the idea of Web 2.0 to a sociological audience as a key example of a process of cultural digitization that is moving faster than our ability to analyse it. It offers a definition, a schematic overview and a typology of the notion as part of a commitment to a renewal of description in sociology. It provides examples of wikis, folksonomies, mashups and social networking sites and, where possible and by way of illustration, examines instances where sociology and sociologists are featured. The paper then identifies three possible agendas for the development of a viable sociology of Web 2.0: the changing relations between the production and consumption of internet content; the mainstreaming of private information posted to the public domain; and, the emergence of a new rhetoric of ‘democratisation’. The paper concludes by discussing some of the ways in which we can engage with these new web applications and go about developing sociological understandings of the new online cultures as they become increasingly significant in the mundane routines of everyday life.
Reducing Data Decryption Cost by Broadcast Encryption and Account Assignment for Web Applications

Protection of user privacy is an important issue of Web applications. Data encryption presents a possible resolution for improving the security level of Web applications. In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism using broadcast encryption and account assignment methods to reduce the decryption cost of Web applications. A notable feature of our mechanism is that the additional function of the application server is not necessary. Moreover, it is easy to apply this method to existing servers to improve their security level. We also show some experimental results to demonstrate the feasibility of our methods.
Self‐evolving oxidative stress with identifiable pre‐ and postmitochondrial phases in PC12 cells

During the neurodegenerative process in several brain diseases, oxidative stress is known to play important roles in disease severity and evolution. Although early events of stress, such as increased lipid peroxidation and decreased superoxide dismutase, are known to characterize early onsets of these diseases, little is known about the events that participate in maintaining the chronic evolving phase influencing the disease progression in neurons. Here, we used differentiated PC12 cells to identify premitochondrial and postmitochondrial events occurring during the oxidative stress cascade leading to apoptosis. Our data indicate that an acute and strong oxidative impulse (500 μM H2O2, 30 min) can induce, in this model, a 24‐hr self‐evolving stress, which advances from a premitochondrial phase characterized by lysosomes and cathepsin B and D translocations to cytosol and early mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization. This phase lasts for about 5 hr and is followed by a postmitochondrial phase distinguished by mitochondrial membrane depolarization, reactive oxygen species increase, caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 activations, and apoptosis. Inhibition of cathepsins B and D suggests that cells can be protected at the premitochondrial phase of stress evolution and that new cathepsins regulators, such as glycosaminoglycans mimetics, can be considered as new therapeutic prototypes for neurodegeneration. Insofar as early oxidative stress markers have been related to the early onset of neurodegeneration, strategies protecting cells at the premitochondrial phase of oxidative stress may have important therapeutic applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Behavioral and Emotional Triggers of Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Critique

Objective: The objective of this study was to review the evidence that behavioral and emotional factors are triggers of acute coronary syndromes. Method: Systematic review of the published literature from 1970 to 2004 of trigger events, defined as stimuli or activities occurring within 24 hours of the onset of acute coronary syndromes. Results: There is consistent evidence that physical exertion (particularly by people who are not normally active), emotional stress, anger, and extreme excitement can trigger acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in susceptible individuals. Many triggers operate within 1 to 2 hours of symptom onset. There are methodologic limitations to the current literature, including sampling, retrospective reporting, and presentation biases, the role of memory decay and salience, and reverse causation because of silent prodromal events. Conclusions: Behavioral and emotional factors are probable triggers of acute coronary syndromes in vulnerable individuals, and the pathophysiological processes elicited by these stimuli are being increasingly understood. The benefits to patients of knowledge to these processes have yet to accrue. ACS = acute coronary syndromes; CHD = coronary heart disease; EKG = electrocardiogram; IL-6 = interleukin 6; MI = myocardial infarction; PAI-1 = plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; SCD = sudden cardiac death.
Lunging Exercise Potentiates a Transient Improvement in Neuromuscular Performance in Young Adults

Abstract Horan, SA, Watson, SL, Lambert, C, and Weeks, BK. Lunging exercise potentiates a transient improvement in neuromuscular performance in young adults. J Strength Cond Res 29(9): 2532–2537, 2015—High-load resistance-based exercise is a common approach to facilitating improved neuromuscular performance via postactivation potentiation. Popular field-based warm-up activities, however, have been largely overlooked despite their specificity and practicality for sports performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of repeated bouts of alternating lunges on neuromuscular performance determined by a maximal vertical jump (VJ). Forty-three healthy young adults (24 women and 19 men: age, 25.6 ± 4.4 years) participated in the study. Maximal VJ performance was quantified by jump height (in centimeters), relative impulse (in N·s·kg−1), flight time (in seconds), and normalized peak vertical ground reaction force (GRFz, bodyweight [BW]) at baseline and after each of 6 sets of 20 alternate split lunges. A rating of perceived exertion (1–10 scale) was recorded from participants before each VJ. Jump height was greater than baseline for the first 4 trials (3.1–3.8%, p ⩽ 0.05), but no difference to baseline was observed on subsequent trials. Although there were no improvements for relative impulse over repeated trials, the sixth trial was significantly smaller than baseline (2.35 ± 0.38 vs. 2.26 ± 0.35 N·s·kg−1; p ⩽ 0.001). Similarly, no improvements were observed for flight time, although the first, fourth, fifth, and sixth trials were reduced compared with baseline performance (p ⩽ 0.01). No differences were observed for peak vertical GRFz (p > 0.05). In conclusion, a regimen of lunging exercise resulted in a transient improvement in maximal VJ performance. However, measures of flight time, impulse, and GRFz did not mirror the performance gain in jump height.
Deterrent and Experiential Effects: the Problem of Causal Order in Perceptual Deterrence Research

This paper reports on the first longitudinal study to consider the relationship between perceptions of legal sanctions and self-reported criminality. The longitudinal design helps to address the problem of interpreting causal order that traditionally has troubled deterrence researchers using cross-sectional data. Self-reports of unlawful behavior (petty theft, marijuana use, payment using bad checks) over the past year are correlated both with perceptions of legal sanctions measured a year earlier (Time 1) and with perceptions of sanctions at the time of the self-reports (Time 2), for a random sample of 300 undergraduates at a large state university. The principal advantage of this method is that it affords a comparison of "deterrent" effects (perceived sanctions at Time 1 and subsequent reported behavior) with what are termed "experiential" effects (reported behavior and subsequent perceived sanctions at Time 2). The latter have been consistently treated as deterrent effects by prior researchers using cross-sectional data. For perceived certainty of arrest for generalized oth ers, the observed deterrent effect was weak and in every instance less than the experiential effect. However, perceived certainty of one's own arrest produced modest but consistent deterrent as well as experiential effects. A path analysis suggests that the deterrent effect of perceived certainty (personal or aggregate) is much weaker than once believed and the experiential effect is substantially stronger. The implications of these findings for an interactive model of de terrence are considered.
Application of lot quality assurance sampling for leprosy elimination monitoring--examination of some critical factors.

BACKGROUND The concept of elimination of an infectious disease is different from eradication and in a way from control as well. In disease elimination programmes the desired reduced level of prevalence is set up as the target to be achieved in a practical time frame. Elimination can be considered in the context of national or regional levels. Prevalence levels depend on occurrence of new cases and thus could remain fluctuating. There are no ready pragmatic methods to monitor the progress of leprosy elimination programmes. We therefore tried to explore newer methods to answer these demands. With the lowering of prevalence of leprosy to the desired level of 1 case per 10000 population at the global level, the programme administrators' concern will be shifted to smaller areas e.g. national and sub-national levels. For monitoring this situation, we earlier observed that lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS), a quality control tool in industry was useful in the initially high endemic areas. However, critical factors such as geographical distribution of cases and adoption of cluster sampling design instead of simple random sampling design deserve attention before LQAS could generally be recommended. The present exercise was aimed at validating applicability of LQAS, and adopting these modifications for monitoring leprosy elimination in Tamil Nadu state, which was highly endemic for leprosy. METHODS A representative sample of 64000 people drawn from eight districts of Tamil Nadu state, India, with maximum allowable number of 25 cases was considered, using LQAS methodology to test whether leprosy prevalence was at or below 7 per 10000 population. Expected number of cases for each district was obtained assuming Poisson distribution. Goodness of fit for the observed and expected cases (closeness of the expected number of cases to those observed) was tested through chi(2). Enhancing factor (design effect) for sample size was obtained by computing the intraclass correlation. RESULTS The survey actually covered a population of 62157 individuals, of whom 56469 (90.8%) were examined. Ninety-six cases were detected and this number far exceeded the critical value of 25. The number of cases for each district and the number of cases in the entire surveyed area both followed Poisson distribution. The intraclass correlation coefficients were close to zero and the design effect was observed to be close to one. CONCLUSIONS Based on the LQAS exercises leprosy prevalence in the state of Tamil Nadu in India was above 7 per 10000. LQAS method using clusters was validated for monitoring leprosy elimination in high endemic areas. Use of cluster sampling makes this method further useful as a rapid assessment procedure. This method needs to be tested for its applicability in moderate and low endemic areas, where the sample size may need increasing. It is further possible to consider LQAS as a monitoring tool for elimination programmes with respect to other disease conditions.