Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Increased in Adipose Tissue of Women with Gestational Diabetes

Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are two increasingly common and important obstetric complications that are associated with severe long-term health risks to mothers and babies. IL-1β, which is increased in obese and GDM pregnancies, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of these two pregnancy complications. In non-pregnant tissues, endoplasmic (ER) stress is increased in diabetes and can induce IL-1β via inflammasome activation. The aim of this study was to determine whether ER stress is increased in omental adipose tissue of women with GDM, and if ER stress can also upregulate inflammasome-dependent secretion of IL-1β. ER stress markers IRE1α, GRP78 and XBP-1s were significantly increased in adipose tissue of obese compared to lean pregnant women. ER stress was also increased in adipose tissue of women with GDM compared to BMI-matched normal glucose tolerant (NGT) women. Thapsigargin, an ER stress activator, induced upregulated secretion of mature IL-1α and IL-1β in human omental adipose tissue explants primed with bacterial endotoxin LPS, the viral dsRNA analogue poly(I:C) or the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Inhibition of capase-1 with Ac-YVAD-CHO resulted in decreased IL-1α and IL-1β secretion, whereas inhibition of pannexin-1 with carbenoxolone suppressed IL-1β secretion only. Treatment with anti-diabetic drugs metformin and glibenclamide also reduced IL-1α and IL-1β secretion in infection and cytokine-primed adipose tissue. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated ER stress to activate the inflammasome in pregnant adipose tissue. Therefore, increased ER stress may contribute towards the pathophysiology of obesity in pregnancy and GDM.
Resistance Pattern of Antibiotics in Patient Underwent Open Heart Surgery with Nosocomial Infection in North of Iran

Background: Patients who undergo cardiac surgery appear to be at increased risk for the development of Nosocomial infections (NIs). The development of antibiotic-resistant infections has been associated with significantly greater hospital mortality rates compared to similar infections caused by antibiotic-sensitive pathogens. Objectives: The purpose of this study is survey of Nis and antibiotic resistance patterns of causative bacteria among patients who underwent open heart surgery in the north of Iran during a 2-year period between September 2012 and September 2014. Methods: In this cross-sectional study we evaluated 187 patients that underwent open heart surgery with NIs. Demographic feature, clinical characteristics and risk factors of each infection were recorded. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method according to the standard protocol of Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Detection of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria was performed by the double-disk synergy (DDS) test; also Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) strains were identified by MRSA Screen Agar. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software (ver. 16) and, descriptive statistics were used. Results: Out Of total of 2253 hospitalized patients who underwent open heart surgery, 187(5.05%) patients had NIs. 51.9% of the patients were female. The rates of surgical site infection (SSI), respiratory tract infection, endocarditis, Urinary tract infection (UTI), blood Infection and mediastinitis were 27.80, 25.66%, 17.64, 17.11% 8.55% and 3.20% respectively. E.coli and S.aureus were the most causative agents of NIs. The rate of ESBL-producing bacteria was 14.28- 71.42% among enterobacteriaceae and the rate of MRSA was 54.2% among S.aureus strains. All isolated Acinetobacter.spp were Multi-drug resistance (MDR). Conclusions: We showed that the rate of NIs among these high-risk patients was in the average level. But the emergence of MRSA and ESBL bacteria is increasing in our region.
Effect of Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid on Red-Cell Transfusion Requirements in Major Spinal Surgery

Study Design. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) to reduce the number of red-cell (RBC) transfusions in adult patients undergoing major spinal surgery. Summary of Background Data. Reconstructive spinal surgery is associated with significant blood loss. The number of studies evaluating the efficacy of EACA in adult patients undergoing spinal surgery remains scarce and limited. Methods. EACA (100 mg/kg) or placebo was administered to 182 adult patients after the induction of anesthesia followed by an infusion that was continued for 8 hours after surgery. Primary end points included total allogeneic RBC transfusions through postoperative day 8 and postoperative allogeneic plus autologus RBC transfusions through postoperative day 8. Results. Mean total allogeneic RBC transfusions were not statistically different between the groups (5.9 units EACA vs. 6.9 units placebo; P = 0.17). Mean postoperative RBC transfusions in the EACA group was less (2.0 units vs. 2.8 units placebo; P = 0.03). There was no significantdifference in mean estimated intraoperative estimated-blood loss (2938 cc EACA vs. 3273 cc placebo; P = 0.32). Mean intensive care unit length of stay was decreased (EACA: 1.8 days vs. 2.8 days placebo; P = 0.04). The incidence of thromboembolic complications was similar (2.2% EACA vs. 6.6% placebo; P = 0.15). Conclusion. The difference in total allogeneic RBC transfusions between the groups was not statistically significant. EACA was associated with a 30% (0.8 units) reduction in postoperative RBC transfusions and a 1-day reduction in ICU LOS, without an increased incidence of thromboembolic events. EACA may be considered for patients undergoing major spinal surgery. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between EACA and total RBC requirements.
Effects of Rapport, Intellectual Excitement, and Learning on Students' Perceived Ratings of College Instructors

In two experiments the effects of rapport, intellectual excitement, and learning on students' evaluations of teaching were investigated. College students (135 women, 56 men) were first given a written scenario of an instructor who was described as having either high or low rapport with his students and high or low in intellectual excitement and as someone from whom students learned a great deal or very little. Students were then asked to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of the instructor. While positive descriptions of each of the three dimensions produced significant increases in ratings, the largest effects on global ratings were produced by the manipulation of the dimensions of rapport and intellectual excitement. Relative to the rapport and excitement dimensions, the learning dimension produced a very small effect. Data in Study 2 of 120 students confirmed these results when order of dimensions was controlled.
Internet-Based Birth-Cohort Studies: Is This the Future for Epidemiology?

Background International collaborative cohorts the NINFEA and the ELF studies are mother-child cohorts that use the internet for recruitment and follow-up of their members. The cohorts investigated the association of early life exposures and a wide range of non-communicable diseases. Objective The objective is to report the research methodology, with emphasis on the advantages and limitations offered by an Internet-based design. These studies were conducted in Turin, Italy and Wellington, New Zealand. Methods The cohorts utilized various online/offline methods to recruit participants. Pregnant women who became aware volunteered, completed an online questionnaire, thus obtaining baseline information. Results The NINFEA study has recruited 7003 pregnant women, while the ELF study has recruited 2197 women. The cohorts targeted the whole country, utilizing a range of support processes to reduce the attrition rate of the participants. For the NINFEA and ELF cohorts, online participants were predominantly older (35% and 28.9%, respectively), highly educated (55.6% and 84.9%, respectively), and were in their final trimester of pregnancy (48.5% and 53.6%, respectively). Conclusions Internet-based cohort epidemiological studies are feasible, however, it is clear that participants are self-selective samples, as is the case for many birth cohorts. Internet-based cohort studies are potentially cost-effective and novel methodology for conducting long-term epidemiology research. However, from our experience, participants tend to be self-selective. In marked time, if the cohorts are to form part of a larger research program they require further use and exploration to address biases and overcome limitations.
L1 Allophones in L2 Speech Production: The Case of English Learners of Spanish

Although it is broadly accepted that adult second-language (L2) learners focus attention only on those aspects of sounds needed for phonemic contrast, the role that allophony plays in the process of L2 speech learning is less well understood. It is widely assumed that speakers do not have conscious awareness of and access to first-language (L1) allophones. This study experimentally tested whether L2 learners have access to their L1 allophonic inventories and whether they can access this phonological knowledge to employ it in L2 speech production in order to reach relatively native-like L2 pronunciation. The study analyzed the ability of twelve adult native English speakers acquiring Spanish to produce phonetically similar sounds that have different phonological relations and distributional properties in their respective L1 and L2. Data collection consisted of the participants reading aloud a list of stimuli containing target sounds [ð] and [ɾ] in four sets of repetitions. A perceptual, spectrographic, and statistical analysis of the data was performed. The results suggest that access to L1 allophones is perhaps limited and dependent on some other variables (e.g., L1 orthography, the stage of L2 phonological acquisition, functional load of the target sound, motivation), but it is not impossible.
Perceptual and Response-Dependent Profiles of Attention in Children With ADHD

Objective: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex developmental neuropsychiatric disorder, characterized by inattentiveness, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Recent literature suggests a potential core deficit underlying these behaviors may involve inefficient processing when contextual stimulation is low. In order to specify this inefficiency, the aim of the present study was to disentangle perceptual and response-based deficits of attention by supplementing classic reaction time (RT) measures with an accuracy-only test. Moreover, it was explored whether ADHD symptom severity was systematically related to perceptual and response-based processes. Method: We applied an RT-independent paradigm (Bundesen, 1990) and a sustained attention task (Dockree et al., 2006) to test visual attention in 24 recently diagnosed, medication-naïve children with ADHD, 14 clinical controls with pervasive developmental disorder, and 57 healthy controls. Outcome measures included perceptual processing speed, capacity of visual short-term memory, and errors of commission and omission. Results: Children with ADHD processed information abnormally slow (d = 0.92), and performed poorly on RT variability and response stability (d′s ranging from 0.60 to 1.08). In the ADHD group only, slowed visual processing speed was significantly related to response lapses (omission errors). This correlation was not explained by behavioral ratings of ADHD severity. Conclusions: Based on combined assessment of perceptual and response-dependent variables of attention, the present study demonstrates a specific cognitive profile in children with ADHD. This profile distinguishes the disorder at a basic level of attentional functioning, and may define subgroups of children with ADHD in a way that is more sensitive than clinical rating scales.
Food, Foodways and Immigrant Experience

Abstract: Food is more than a basic source of nutrients; it is also a key component of our culture,central to our sense of identity. Identities, however, are not fixed social constructs, butconstructed and reconstructed within given social formations reflecting the existing andimagined structural constraints and lived experiences of subjects. This paper examines thedynamic relationships among food, social identity and the immigrant experience. As a culturallyand spatially transitional stage, the immigration process introduces possibilities for change, aswell as resistance to new habits, new behaviours, and new cultural experiences. These changes,in turn affect our physical and mental health, our perceptions of self, and our relations withothers. This paper offers some analytical insights into this cultural transition and its impacts onidentity drawn from the literature on food and identity. It also examines the impacts of the socialconstraints of food security among a group of immigrants in Toronto in order to evaluate thecomplex dynamics of identity reconstruction. It is argued that both the politics of equality andthe politics of recognition are relevant to immigrant food security.
Does Testing Improve Learning for College Students With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

Taking tests on to-be-learned material is one of the most powerful learning strategies available to students. We examined the magnitude and mechanisms of the testing effect in college students with (n = 25) and without (n = 75) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by comparing the effect of practice testing versus a comparable amount of restudy on long-term recall. Participants learned two lists of 48 words representing eight categories—one via eight consecutive study trials and another via four alternating study and test trials—and took recall tests 2 days later. Both groups demonstrated a moderate testing effect (ds = 0.50, 0.57), and testing improved memory by enhancing both relational and item-specific processing. Results support the use of test-enhanced learning to promote the academic achievement of college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the inclusion of self-testing strategies into skills-based interventions for this population.
Teaching Eye Contact to Children with Autism: A Conceptual Analysis and Single Case Study

Eye contact occurs very early in development and serves many functions for the young child. It has been implicated in the development of social, cognitive, and language skills. A substantial number of children with autism fail to develop this important skill and therefore experimenters with both developmental and behavior analytic perspectives have researched methods to teach eye contact. However, only a few researchers have recently attempted to condition the response of the communication partner as a reinforcer for social behavior and thereby arrange the conditions under which typical children develop social responses. The purpose of this case study was to extend the analysis of typical development of social skills to the teaching of eye contact as a language pragmatic skill to a child with autism. Data from a single case study of a child with autism are provided.
The great rise of Intestinal Research as an international journal 3 years after its language change to English as evidenced by journal metrics

articles published over the last 2 years; therefore, this metric indicates the speed with which a particular field of study has developed. A higher impact factor in a given field signifies rapid progress, leading to more frequent citation of recent articles. The impact factor was calculated using the following method, based on a previous report: Number of citable articles in 2014 and 2015: A Number of citations of journal articles from 2014 and 2015 available in the database in 2016: B Impact factor for 2016=B/A The Hirsch index is defined as “the number of papers with citation number ≥h and it has index h if h of its Np papers have at least h citations each and the other (Np–h ) papers have ≤h citations each. ” It was originally designed to measure the competency of researchers; however, it is now more widely used to measure the competency of journals or institutes. Frequently cited articles were classified by publication type and the counted or calculated data were presented as descriptive statistics. The numbers of citable articles were 44, 44, and, 48 and that of noncitable articles were 18, 21, and 13 for the years 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. Of the 188 articles published between 2014 and 2016, 52 (27.7%) were noncitable articles. The editorial board members are from 16 countries: six from Korea, four from Japan, three from China, two from Taiwan, two from India, two from the United States of America, and one each from the United Kingdom, Canada, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, Brazil, Belgium, Philippines, and Turkey. Authors were from six countries in 2014, 11 in 2015, and 10 in 2016. In this 3-year period, authors Intestinal Research was launched in 2003 by the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases. In 2014, its language was changed to English only. It has been listed and searchable on PubMed Central since October 28, 2014. From January 2016, it became the official journal of the Asian Organization for Crohn’s and Colitis. The journal received a letter of inclusion in Scopus, the largest citation literature database, from its Content Selection & Advisory Board on August 5, 2016; consequently, the citation data and references of the journal are searchable from Scopus. These events reflect the rapid elevation from a Korean or English journal to an international journal. From this perspective, I would like to provide data that support the journal’s elevation based on journal metrics, including the multinationality of authors and editorial board members, citation frequency, and Hirsch index. The number of citable and noncitable articles per year, and the countries of origin of authors and editorial board members were obtained from the homepage of the journal (available from: http://www.irjournal.org/). The total citations per year were also obtained from Web of Science Core Collection. The impact factor was manually calculated, and the Hirsch index was analyzed from Web of Science Core
‘It’s good to be angry’: Enacting anger in construction project management to achieve perceived leader effectiveness

There is considerable evidence to suggest how positive and negative leader emotions influence a variety of positive and negative follower outcomes. However, little empirical evidence exists to suggest under what circumstances the enactment of negative emotions can yield desirable outcomes for individuals operating in a given organizational context. Drawing upon a series of semi-structured interviews with construction project managers (n = 19) from the UK, this study offers valuable insights into how anger is frequently enacted to help individuals ensure the progress of the project, be it in negotiations with other parties or affairs on site with operatives.
Serum bicarbonate and dehydration severity in gastroenteritis

The concentration of bicarbonate was measured in serum samples from 106 children with gastroenteritis and dehydration. A concentration less than 22 mmol/l was more common in children with severe dehydration, but the magnitude of bicarbonate reduction was not significantly different with increasing degrees of dehydration. Doctors should not rely on the serum bicarbonate concentration when assessing fluid deficit.
Self-Concept: Validation of Construct Interpretations

Historically, education goals have tended to fluctuate from emphasis solely on cognitive outcomes to major concern with social and affective ones. The emphasis on achievement and the "cult of efficiency" (Callahan, 1962) early in this century was followed by a shift in the 1930's to the comprehensive high school with its social and affective concerns (cf. the Eight Year Study, Aikin, 1942). Then Sputnik initiated a rapid and dramatic reemphasis on cognitive outcomes (Bruner, 1960) from which the current trend seems to be moving in its emphasis on "humanistic" aspects of education. The sharp increase in the number of studies on self-concept is one reflection of the reemphasis on noncognitive outcomes of education. (For references to current educational studies, see reviews by Coller, 1971; Purkey, 1970; Yamamoto, 1972; Zirkel, 1971.) Another symptom of this shift has taken the form of increased concern with enhancing the child's self-concept, espe-
The Effect of Privacy Concerns on Smartphone App Purchase in Malaysia: Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior

The rise of m-commerce has brought the intention to the privacy concerns among mobile users, and studies showed that it is an important factor that affects attitude and intention to purchase smartphone apps. The objective of this paper is to investigate the issue of privacy concerns on the attitude and purchasing intention among Malaysian smartphone users. This paper employed the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to investigate the role of privacy concerns in influencing the decision making process. The paper provides significant insights on the issue of privacy concerns in the usage of smartphones which can help developers such as Google and Apple to improve their apps stores to provide better protection for users’ privacy and security in Malaysia.
Shades of grey: to dye or not to dye one's hair in later life

ABSTRACT This article examines older women's perceptions of grey, white and coloured hair. Using data from in-depth interviews with 36 women aged 71–94 years (mean 79), we elucidate the women's attitudes towards and reasons for dyeing or not dyeing their hair. The majority of our participants disparaged the appearance of grey hair, which they equated with ugliness, dependence, poor health, social disengagement and cultural invisibility. The women were particularly averse to their own grey hair, and many suggested that other women's grey hair was acceptable, if not attractive. At the same time, half of the women liked the look of snowy white hair, which they associated with attractiveness in later life as well as with goodness and purity. While one-third of the women had begun to dye their hair in their youth so as to appear more fashionable, two-thirds continued to dye their hair in later life so as to mask their grey hair and their chronological age. The women suggested that they used hair dye to appear more youthful and to resist ageist stereotypes associated with older women. We discuss the findings in relation to previous research concerning older women's hair, the concept of doing gender, and theories pertaining to ageism.