Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Networks of exchange among Mexicans in the U.S. and Mexico: local level mediating responses to national and international transformations

This work focuses upon the local level processes and mechanisms by which Mexicans in Mexico and the United States, in working class and in economically marginalized sectors, create the so- cial platforms through which their political interests may be defended, economic cooperation may be developed, households become clus- tered in dense exchange relations, and a cultural basis emerges for the development of human personality. These social platforms mediate the uncertainty and indeterminacy of the effects of economic disparity, po- litical inequality, and differential institutional access but do not resolve them. This work focuses upon the analysis and description of local level networks and mechanisms of exchange that are created by Mexicans1 in Mexico and the United States, and which serve a variety of important functions. In working class and in economically marginalized sectors, these exchange networks form the basis of the social platforms2 from which subsequent generations are socialized and emerge. As well, these networks of exchange offer some protection against economic disloca- tion and political uncertainty that arise with great national and regional technological transformations.3 These networks counter the lack of po- litical influence at the local level by helping to mobilize political action groups. In addition, these networks serve to mediate the uncertainty and indeterminacy specific to social disadvantage4 as well as that generic to social life in general.5 Last, these networks form the nexus of relations which tie different households in dense clusters of exchange and in- 27
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Issues of Assessment and Diagnosis

The assessment process of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder was examined in depth for procedures and possible flaws. Seven different procedural aspects of ADHD assessment were the focus along with any tests falling under these categories. It was found that the assessment process of ADHD is highly subjective, under-regulated, and extremely lacking in nature. In addition, two focus group interviews were conducted to determine if ADHD assessment should be offered by the educational system. It was found that ADHD screening is appropriate at this point, but ADHD assessment is premature.
EEG changes and serum anticholinergic activity measured in patients with delirium in the intensive care unit

The aim of this study was to examine whether serum anticholinergic activity (SAA) is a reliable indicator of delirium in the ICU, and whether there is a significant correlation between SAA and quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) data in delirious patients. In a prospective cohort study, we assessed ICU patients diagnosed with delirium (n = 37). EEG measurements and blood analysis including SAA were performed 48 h following ICU admission. The presence of delirium was evaluated using the Confusion Assessment Method for critically ill patients in ICU (CAM‐ICU). The SAA level was measured using a competitive radioreceptor binding assay for muscarinergic receptors and quantitative EEG was measured using the CATEEM® system. We found that, under comparable conditions, patients in the delirium group showed a higher relative EEG theta power and a reduced alpha power (n = 17) than did the non‐delirious patients (n = 20). No difference in measured SAA levels were seen; therefore, there was no correlation between SAA and EEG measurements in delirious patients. We conclude that, in contrast to the EEG, the SAA level cannot be proposed as a tool for diagnosing delirium in ICU patients.
Neural correlates of individual differences in manual imitation fidelity

Imitation is crucial for social learning, and so it is important to identify what determines between-subject variability in imitation fidelity. This might help explain what makes some people, like those with social difficulties such as in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), significantly worse at performance on these tasks than others. A novel paradigm was developed to provide objective measures of imitation fidelity in which participants used a touchscreen to imitate videos of a model drawing different shapes. Comparisons between model and participants' kinematic data provided three measures of imitative fidelity. We hypothesized that imitative ability would predict variation in BOLD signal whilst performing a simple imitation task in the MRI-scanner. In particular, an overall measure of accuracy (correlation between model and imitator) would predict activity in the overarching imitation system, whereas bias would be subject to more general aspects of motor control. Participants lying in the MRI-scanner were instructed to imitate different grips on a handle, or to watch someone or a circle moving the handle. Our hypothesis was partly confirmed as correlation between model and imitator was mediated by somatosensory cortex but also ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and bias was mediated mainly by cerebellum but also by the medial frontal and parietal cortices and insula. We suggest that this variance differentially reflects cognitive functions such as feedback-sensitivity and reward-dependent learning, contributing significantly to variability in individuals' imitative abilities as characterized by objective kinematic measures.
Cell of origin affects tumour development and phenotype in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Objective Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive tumour thought to arise from ductal cells via pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) precursor lesions. Modelling of different genetic events in mice suggests both ductal and acinar cells can give rise to PDAC. However, the impact of cellular context alone on tumour development and phenotype is unknown. Design We examined the contribution of cellular origin to PDAC development by inducing PDAC-associated mutations, KrasG12D expression and Trp53 loss, specifically in ductal cells (Sox9CreER;KrasLSL-G12D;Trp53flox/flox (‘Duct:KPcKO ’)) or acinar cells (Ptf1aCreER;KrasLSL-G12D;Trp53flox/flox (‘Acinar:KPcKO ’)) in mice. We then performed a thorough analysis of the resulting histopathological changes. Results Both mouse models developed PDAC, but Duct:KPcKO mice developed PDAC earlier than Acinar:KPcKO mice. Tumour development was more rapid and associated with high-grade murine PanIN (mPanIN) lesions in Duct:KPcKO mice. In contrast, Acinar:KPcKO mice exhibited widespread metaplasia and low-grade as well as high-grade mPanINs with delayed progression to PDAC. Acinar-cell-derived tumours also had a higher prevalence of mucinous glandular features reminiscent of early mPanIN lesions. Conclusion These findings indicate that ductal cells are primed to form carcinoma in situ that become invasive PDAC in the presence of oncogenic Kras and Trp53 deletion, while acinar cells with the same mutations appear to require a prolonged period of transition or reprogramming to initiate PDAC. Our findings illustrate that PDAC can develop in multiple ways and the cellular context in which mutations are acquired has significant impact on precursor lesion initiation, disease progression and tumour phenotype.
Pre-stimulus BOLD-network activation modulates EEG spectral activity during working memory retention

Working memory (WM) processes depend on our momentary mental state and therefore exhibit considerable fluctuations. Here, we investigate the interplay of task-preparatory and task-related brain activity as represented by pre-stimulus BOLD-fluctuations and spectral EEG from the retention periods of a visual WM task. Visual WM is used to maintain sensory information in the brain enabling the performance of cognitive operations and is associated with mental health. We tested 22 subjects simultaneously with EEG and fMRI while performing a visuo-verbal Sternberg task with two different loads, allowing for the temporal separation of preparation, encoding, retention and retrieval periods. Four temporally coherent networks (TCNs)—the default mode network (DMN), the dorsal attention, the right and the left WM network—were extracted from the continuous BOLD data by means of a group ICA. Subsequently, the modulatory effect of these networks' pre-stimulus activation upon retention-related EEG activity in the theta, alpha, and beta frequencies was analyzed. The obtained results are informative in the context of state-dependent information processing. We were able to replicate two well-known load-dependent effects: the frontal-midline theta increase during the task and the decrease of pre-stimulus DMN activity. As our main finding, these two measures seem to depend on each other as the significant negative correlations at frontal-midline channels suggested. Thus, suppressed pre-stimulus DMN levels facilitated later task related frontal midline theta increases. In general, based on previous findings that neuronal coupling in different frequency bands may underlie distinct functions in WM retention, our results suggest that processes reflected by spectral oscillations during retention seem not only to be “online” synchronized with activity in different attention-related networks but are also modulated by activity in these networks during preparation intervals.
Compressive Diffraction Tomography for Weakly Scattering

An appealing requirement from the well-known diffraction tomography (DT) exists for success reconstruction from few-view and limited-angle data. Inspired by the well-known compressive sensing (CS), the accurate super-resolution reconstruction from highly sparse data for the weakly scatters has been investigated in this paper. To realize the compressive data measurement, in particular, to obtain the super-resolution reconstruction with highly sparse data, the compressive system which is realized by surrounding the probed obstacles by the random media has been proposed and empirically studied. Several interesting conclusions have been drawn: (a) if the desired resolution is within the range from to, the K-sparse N-unknowns imaging can be obtained exactly bymeasurements, which is comparable to the required number of measurement by the Gaussian random matrix in the literatures of compressive sensing. (b) With incorporating the random media which is used to enforce the multi-path effect of wave propagation, the resulting measurement matrix is incoherence with wavelet matrix, in other words, when the probed obstacles are sparse with the framework of wavelet, the required number of measurements for successful reconstruction is similar as above. (c) If the expected resolution is lower than, the required number of measurements of proposed compressive system is almost identical to the case of free space. (d) There is also a requirement to make the tradeoff between the imaging resolutions and the number of measurements. In addition, by the introduction of complex Gaussian variable the kind of fast sparse Bayesian algorithm has been slightly modified to deal with the complex-valued optimization with sparse constraints.
Magnetic field-induced martensitic variant reorientation in magnetic shape memory alloys

The magnetically induced martensitic variant reorientation process under applied mechanical load in magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) is considered. Of particular interest is the associated nonlinear and hysteretic macroscopic strain response under variable applied magnetic field in the presence of stress, also known as the magnetic shape memory effect (MSME). A thermodynamically consistent phenomenological constitutive model is derived which captures the magnetic shape memory effect caused by the martensitic variant reorientation process, using internal state variables, which are chosen in consideration of the crystallographic and magnetic microstructure. The magnetic contributions to the free energy function considered in this work are the Zeeman energy and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy. Activation functions for the onset and termination of the reorientation process are formulated and evolution equations for the internal state variables are derived. The model is applied to a two-dimensional special case in which the application of a transverse magnetic field produces axial reorientation strain in a NiMnGa single-crystal specimen under a constant compressive axial stress. It is explicitly shown how the model parameters are obtained from experimental data. Model predictions of magnetic field-reorientation strain hysteresis loops under different applied stresses are discussed. †Dedicated to Professor Gerard Maugin on the occasion of his receiving of the 2003 SES A.C. Eringen Medal.
Transaction management in object-oriented data base systems

Transaction management in object-oriented data base systems " (1994). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. Paper 10643. This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any ^e of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Signature was redacted for privacy.
Through the looking glass: a social semiotic and linguistic perspective on the study of video chats

Abstract This paper provides a theoretical framework for the study of the video chat, a spontaneous web-based synchronous text that allows forms of communication in which social semiotic resources come into play and produce a new terrain of investigation for researchers in the field of linguistics, multimodality, communication and media studies, visual ethnography, and digital literacy. In particular, the paper singles out some aspects for analysis, such as the alternation of speech and writing, new proxemic and kinetic patterns, gaze management, and impossibility of eye contact and discusses some examples from digital field work on multiparty video-based interactions. Speech and writing are technologically integrated, allowing participants to mode-switch, i.e., to alternate between spoken and written discourse. New arrangements of verbal and nonverbal resources attempt to simulate face-to-face conversations. However, the illusion of a face-to-face conversation dissolves as soon as video chat-specific resources are unpacked. Despite growing research into nonverbal behavior, video chat data challenge visual analysts and researchers for a number of reasons. A transcription model, developed for the purpose of analyzing these specific texts, will be sketched to give a brief account of significant data that need to be incorporated into multimodal transcription and annotation. Reflections and conclusions are drawn according to the contribution that intersemiotic studies can potentially provide for web text analysis, given the constant expansion of web-based texts and the challenge it brings as regards new notions of textuality.
Mitogenic and carcinogenic effects of a hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferator, [4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid (Wy-14, 643), in rat and mouse liver.

Abstract Long-term effects of Wy-14,643 ([4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid), a potent hepatic peroxisome proliferator structurally unrelated to the clinically used drug clofibrate, were investigated in male acatalasemic CS b mice and F344 rats. Acatalasemic mice were fed Wy-14,643 at a dietary concentration of 0.1% (w/w) for 6 months and then at 0.05% (w/w) until the termination of the experiment at 14.5 months. F344 rats were fed this compound at a 0.1% (w/w) level in the diet for 16 months. Hepatocellular carcinomas developed in 18 of 18 acatalasemic mice and 15 of 15 F344 rats that survived chronic Wy-14,643 treatment. Metastases to lungs were observed in 5 of 18 mice and 6 of 15 rats with Wy-14,643-induced hepatocellular carcinomas. The primary liver tumors in rats contained numerous peroxisomes. The increase in the number of these organelles in tumor cells was associated with a significant elevation of carnitine acetyltransferase activity, suggesting that these intrahepatic tumors respond to the peroxisome proliferative effect of Wy-14,643. The catalase activity of these tumors, however, was not increased. Short-term administration of Wy-14,643 induced DNA replication and cell division in the rat liver as determined by [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, autoradiography, and colchicine-arrested metaphases in liver cells. The stimulation of liver cell proliferation was not associated with hepatocellular necrosis. The elevations of serum α-fetoprotein concentration were associated with and proportional to liver cell proliferation. The observation that nafenopin and Wy-14,643, 2 structurally unrelated hypolipidemic agents, induce “primary” liver cell proliferation and hepatocellular carcinomas prompts a concern over the potential carcinogenicity of hepatic peroxisome proliferators as a class.
Sexy Stories

Sexy stories rely on the tension between decorum and danger. The eighteenth-century chroniclers of "sensibility"—that peculiar concept of an exquisite sensitivity teetering on the edge of uncontrollable emotionality—knew this well and crammed their novels with heroines "whose passions were warm, and . bosom[s] tremblingly alive to every touch of joy or sorrow," yet whose "delicacy," "uprightness and propriety" restrained any dangerous expression of these overwrought feelings. "Although she felt the thrills of sensitivity, she always preserved an absolute dominion over herself," as one 1793 author described her leading character (Barker-Benfield, p. 300). But the reading of such novels, as critics like Mary Wollstonecraft recognized, provided women with thrills that were often far from decorous. Sighing over Richardson's Clarissa, it was not the horrors of victimized innocence that seemed to affect female readers so much but the attractions of Clarissa's rapist, the dastardly Lovelace. As a prototype of erotic masculinity, Lovelace provided generations of women (as Wollstonecraft noted with exasperation) with an image of sexual knowingness and danger far more gripping than the counterimage of masculine sensibility represented, say, by Richardson himself. Richardson—that friend to woman—was dismayed by how much more interest his readers expressed in the wicked Lovelace than in the exemplary Clarissa, yet in this his audience was only succumbing to an underlying thrust of his text. "Here, here," Clarissa exhorts Lovelace at one point, having recognized his sexual intentions and begging that he kill her instead, offering him knives and "baring . part of her enchanting neck for the purpose": "Here, here, said the soul-harrowing beauty, let thy pointed mercy enter. "
Efficiency of swimming microrobots using ionic polymer metal composite actuators

We present a survey of fish-like propulsion at millimeter scale in order to build high efficiency swimming microrobots. We begin with a mechanical study of the fish-like propulsion. The mechanical model we used shows that undulatory motions are more efficient than oscillatory motions. We applied these theoretical results to the design and the realization of a microrobot propelled by the beating of two fins. Fins are moved by a transducer material called IPNC (ionic polymer composite metal). The experimental results allow us to check our theoretical model of the microrobot. Finally, we propose an improved microrobot which would have a better efficiency.
Two Stage Exits: An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamic Choice between IPOs and Acquisitions by European Private Firms

A private firm’s exit decision has been modeled in the existing empirical literature as a dichotomous choice between IPO and acquisition. In this paper, we take a dynamic approach and analyze how explicitly accounting for dynamic considerations, such as the benefits arising from being acquired after going public at higher valuations relative to a direct acquisition, or the costs arising from being delisted at lower valuations, alters the initial IPO vs. acquisition trade-off. We find that firms that are more viable against product market competition, characterized by larger private benefits of control and lower information asymmetry, are more likely to choose an IPO over a direct acquisition as initial exit mechanism. Then, firms that are more viable in the product market and are able to reduce information asymmetry to a greater extent by going public are more likely to be acquired post-IPO, while firms characterized by lower product market viability and higher information asymmetry are more likely to be delisted. We document that two-stage acquisitions are a valuable exit route for firms, that are acquired at a 44.7% premium, on average, compared to the valuation they could have obtained in a direct acquisition. This premium is higher for firms with more viable business models and affected by lower information asymmetry. On the other hand, firms that are delisted post-IPO suffer from a 31.9% valuation discount relative to a direct acquisition. Our evidence indicates that explicitly accounting for the benefits and costs arising from post-IPO considerations will tend to push private firms with higher product market viability and lower information asymmetry more towards choosing an IPO rather than an acquisition as initial exit mechanism.
Preferences for Enhancement Pharmaceuticals: The Reluctance to Enhance Fundamental Traits

Four studies examined the willingness of young, healthy individuals to take drugs intended to enhance their own social, emotional, and cognitive traits. We found that people were much more reluctant to enhance traits believed to be more fundamental to self-identity (e.g., social comfort) than traits considered less fundamental to self-identity (e.g., concentration ability). Moral acceptability of a trait enhancement strongly predicted people's desire to legalize the enhancement but not their willingness to take the enhancement. Ad taglines that framed enhancements as enabling rather than enhancing the fundamental self increased people's interest in a fundamental trait enhancement and eliminated the preference for less fundamental over more fundamental trait enhancements. (c) 2008 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc.