Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interviewing behaviors in police investigators: a field study of a current US sample

Abstract Considerable research shows that scientifically based interviewing techniques (e.g. the Cognitive Interview) increase the quality and quantity of witness recall compared to typical police interviewing guidelines. In an effort to improve witness evidence, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) recommended guidelines for conducting witness interviews that follow empirical research (Technical Working Group: Eyewitness Evidence, 1999). These guidelines were distributed to all police departments in the USA in 1999, along with a trainer's manual. The present study is the first to examine whether US police investigators adhere to these nationally published guidelines when interviewing witnesses and victims of crime. A sample of audiotaped real-world witness interviews from 26 South Florida investigators was analyzed. Results indicated that investigators rarely engage in recommended ‘positive’ interviewing techniques (e.g. rapport building or context reinstatement) while using many ‘negative’ techniques (e.g. interrupting the witness or using complex questions). Based on the data provided, it appears that national US recommendations on witness interviewing have not been translated into real-world interviewing practice by the investigators surveyed. Implications for interviewing policies are discussed.
Understanding the determinants of well-being and organizational attitudes during a plant closure: A Swedish case study

The present study investigated to what extent perception of closure management (informational justice, severance package satisfaction) as well as individual resources and barriers (employability, tenure) were associated with well-being and organizational attitudes during plant closure. This was studied in a sample of 129 Swedish workers in a plant undergoing closure. The results showed that those who felt communication to be fair reported higher well-being and more positive attitudes. Those who were satisfied with the severance package reported lower intention to leave but also felt fewer obligations towards the organization. Those with higher employability reported higher subjective health. The results also indicated that tenure moderated the relation between informational justice and felt obligations, and employability moderated the relation between severance package satisfaction and organizational attitudes. It can be concluded that closure management together with employees’ different resources and barriers are vital for organizational attitudes and well-being during the closedown process.
Non-communicable diseases in antiretroviral therapy recipients in Kagera Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

Introduction The aim of this study was to describe the extent of self-reported non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) recipients in Kagera region in Tanzania and their effect on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study was conducted 2 years after HAART administration was started in Kagera region. Methods The SF-36 questionnaire was used to collect the HRQOL data of 329 HAART recipients. Questions on the NCDs, socio-demographic characteristics and treatment information were validated and added to the SF-36. Bivariate analyses involving socio-demographic characteristics and SF-36 scores of the recipients were performed. Multiple logistic regression was employed to compute adjusted odds ratios for different explanatory variables on physical functioning and mental health scores. Results Respondents who reported having 1 or more NCDs were 57.8% of all the respondents. Arthritis was the commonest NCD (57.8%). Respondents with the NCDs were more likely to have HRQOL scores below the mean of the general Tanzanian population. The population attributable fraction (PAF) for the NCDs on physical functioning was 0.28 and on mental health was 0.22. Conclusion Self-reported NCDs were prevalent among the HAART recipients in Kagera region. They accounted for 28% of the physical functioning scores and 22% of the mental health scores that were below the mean of the general Tanzanian population. Therefore, the integration of NCD care is important in the management of HIV/AIDS.
In vivo antimalarial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Stachytarpheta cayennensis

Objective: To evaluate the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the ethanol leaf extract of Stachytarpheta cayennensis in the treatment of various ailment in Niger Delta region of Nigeria, in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic leaf extract of Stachytarpheta cayennensis (90-270 mg/kg/day) was screened for blood schizonticidal activity against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei berghei in mice. The schizonticidal effect during early and established infections was investigated. Result: Stachytarpheta cayennensis (90-270 mg/kg/day) exhibited significant (P< 0.05) blood schizonticidal activity both in 4-day early infection test and in established infection with a considerable mean survival time comparable to that of the standard drug, chloroquine, 5 mg/kg/day. Conclusion: The leaf extract possesses significant (P< 0.05) antiplasmodial activity which confirms it's use in folkloric medicine in the treatment of malaria.
Open Label Trial of the Tolerability and Efficacy of Zonisamide in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to assess the tolerability and efficacy of the anticonvulsant zonisamide in an open label trial of the treatment of alcohol dependence. Methods: In this trial, zonisamide (400-mg daily) was administered to alcohol-dependent subjects (ADS) (n = 16) over 13 weeks. The mean daily consumption of standard alcoholic drinks and performance on a verbal fluency task, the COWAT, and on a measure of attention and visuomotor speed, the DSMT were assessed, and the occurrence of adverse events was monitored weekly. Results: The mean number of drinks consumed daily was significantly reduced from baseline levels during the treatment period. Performances on the COWAT and on the DSMT were not significantly reduced by zonisamide treatment. Overall, zonisamide was well tolerated by the study subjects. Conclusion: These results indicate that zonisamide administration may not impair verbal fluency in ADS, and are consistent with other studies that found zonisamide administration may reduce alcohol intake.
Mesoderm induction and mesoderm-inducing factors in early amphibian development.

Introduction Experimental embryology and mesoderm induction The three-signal model of mesoderm formation Mesoderm-inducing factors Mesoderm-inducing factors as growth factors Xenopus embryos contain TGF-fi-like molecules Xenopus embryos contain FGF Elimination of inducing factors from Xenopus embryos Mesoderm-inducing factors and pattern formation Thresholds Mesoderm induction, gastrulation and developmental clocks Modulation of the effects of mesoderm-inducing factors: inhibitors and further cell-cell interactions Conclusions
The RsmA- mutants of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain Ecc71 overexpress hrpNEcc and elicit a hypersensitive reaction-like response in tobacco leaves.

Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora wild-type strain Ecc71 does not elicit the hypersensitive reaction (HR) in tobacco leaves. By mini-Tn5-Km and chemical mutagenesis we have isolated RsmA- mutants of Ecc71 that produce high basal levels of pectate lyases, polygalacturonase, cellulase, and protease; they also are hypervirulent. The RsmA- mutants, but not their parent strains, elicit an HR-like response in tobacco leaves. This reaction is characterized by the rapid appearance of water soaking followed by tissue collapse and necrosis. The affected areas remain limited to the region infiltrated with bacterial cells, and the symptoms closely resemble a typical HR, e.g., the reactions caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi. Moreover, low concentrations of cells of the mini-Tn5-Km insertion RsmA- mutant, AC5070, infiltrated into tobacco leaf tissue prevent elicitation of the rapid necrosis by AC5070 or by P. syringae pv. pisi. Elicitation of the HR-like response by the mutants is not affected by the deficiency of N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone, the cell density (quorum) sensing signal. Cloning and sequence analysis have disclosed that E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strain Ecc71 possesses a homolog of E. chrysanthemi hrpN known to encode an elicitor of the HR; the corresponding Ecc71 gene is designated hrpNEcc. Northern (RNA) blot data show that the level of hrpNEcc mRNA is considerably higher in the RsmA- mutants than in the RsmA+ strains. Moreover, a low copy plasmid carrying the rsmA+ allele severely reduces the level of the hrpNEcc transcripts in the RsmA- mutants. These constructs, like the RsmA+ E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strains, do not elicit the HR-like response. These data taken along with the effects of rsmA on exoenzyme production and pathogenicity (A. Chatterjee et al., 1995, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:1959-1967) demonstrate that this global regulator gene plays a critical role in plant interaction of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora.
MUTYH Associated Polyposis (MAP)

MUTYH Associated Polyposis (MAP), a Polyposis predisposition caused by biallelic mutations in the Base Excision Repair (BER) gene MUTYH, confers a marked risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The MAP phenotype is difficult to distinguish from other hereditary CRC syndromes. Especially from Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) and to a lesser extend Lynch Syndrome, which are caused by germline mutations in the APC and Mismatch Repair (MMR) genes, respectively. Here we review research findings regarding MUTYH interactions, genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of MAP, as well as surveillance and treatment of the disease. The applied papers, published between 1/1 2002- 1/2 2008, were found through PubMed. The exact role of MUTYH in CRC tumorgenesis is still uncertain, although MAP tumors show distinct molecular features, including somatic G:C>T:A transversions in the APC gene. Furthermore, cooperation between the BER and the MMR systems exists, as MUTYH interacts with MMR gene-products. Possibly, monoallelic defects in both pathways are of significance to CRC development. Specific MUTYH variants are found to be characteristic in distinct ethnic populations, which could facilitate future genetic screening. Knowledge concerning functional consequences of many MUTYH germline mutations remains sparse. Most thoroughly investigated are the two most common MUTYH variants, Y179C and G396D, both generating dysfunctional gene products. Phenotypic features of MAP include: development of 10-100 colorectal adenomas, debuting at 46-47 years, often CRC at time of clinical diagnosis, and in some, development of extracolonic manifestations.
Is Functional Literacy a Prerequisite for Entering the Labor Market? An Analysis of the Determinants of Adult Literacy and Earnings in Ghana

The authors analyze the determinants of literacy and earnings in Ghana. They link literacy and earnings with various other factors, including age, gender, family educational background, distance to school, and income. Literacy and age are negatively correlated, suggesting that efforts to strengthen the supply and quality of basic education programs in recent years have succeeded in raising literacy rates. Parents' education is positively associated with literacy. Distance to the nearest primary school, residence in a rural area, and poverty are negatively associated with literacy. Functional literacy appears to be a prerequisite for entering the labor market, which may partly explain the lack of returns to education other than middle school and technical and professional training. The policy implications of this study: Basic education and literacy programs should target girls and poorer households, especially in rural areas.
First-in-human uPAR PET: Imaging of Cancer Aggressiveness

A first-in-human clinical trial with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in patients with breast, prostate and bladder cancer, is described. uPAR is expressed in many types of human cancers and the expression is predictive of invasion, metastasis and indicates poor prognosis. uPAR PET imaging therefore holds promise to be a new and innovative method for improved cancer diagnosis, staging and individual risk stratification. The uPAR specific peptide AE105 was conjugated to the macrocyclic chelator DOTA and labeled with 64Cu for targeted molecular imaging with PET. The safety, pharmacokinetic, biodistribution profile and radiation dosimetry after a single intravenous dose of 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 were assessed by serial PET and computed tomography (CT) in 4 prostate, 3 breast and 3 bladder cancer patients. Safety assessment with laboratory blood screening tests was performed before and after PET ligand injection. In a subgroup of the patients, the in vivo stability of our targeted PET ligand was determined in collected blood and urine. No adverse or clinically detectable side effects in any of the 10 patients were found. The ligand exhibited good in vivo stability and fast clearance from plasma and tissue compartments by renal excretion. In addition, high uptake in both primary tumor lesions and lymph node metastases was seen and paralleled high uPAR expression in excised tumor tissue. Overall, this first-in-human study therefore provides promising evidence for safe use of 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 for uPAR PET imaging in cancer patients.
Young Children's Understandings of Length Measurement: Evaluating a Learning Trajectory.

This study investigated the development of length measurement ideas in students from prekindergarten through 2nd grade. The main purpose was to evaluate and elaborate the developmental progression, or levels of thinking, of a hypothesized learning trajectory for length measurement to ensure that the sequence of levels of thinking is consistent with observed behaviors of most young children. The findings generally validate the developmental progression, including the tasks and the mental actions on objects that define each level, with several elaborations of the levels of thinking and minor modifications of the levels themselves.
Designs for Measuring How the School Breakfast Program Affects Learning

This report describes a study design permitting a scientifically defensible evaluation of the impact of the School Breakfast Program (SBP) on learning and cognitive development among children. Following presentation of a literature review and conceptual framework of the SBPlearning relationship, four alternative designs for measuring this relationship are proposed and assessed, including: (1) the design for an experimental evaluation of the impact of the universal-free SBP; (2) an experimental design involving random assignment of classrooms into the SBP among schools applying to participate in the program for the first time; (3) a nonexperimental design involving analysis of Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS) data; and (4) a nonexperimental design involving analysis of forthcoming National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Among these alternatives, the ECLS-based design (with supplemental analysis of 1988-1994 NHANES III data) was selected as most promising, and the report presents further details concerning this design.
A community of practice in music teacher training: The case of Musicalização Infantil

This article discusses the emergence of a community of practice of student-teachers in music in a Brazilian university outreach program called Musicalização Infantil. It starts with a short introduction to the concept of community of practice. Next, a brief history of the program is presented to contextualize the study, followed by a description of three episodes that took place while the author was program coordinator and student-teacher mentor. These episodes provide a background against which to discuss how the concept of community of practice may be related to music teacher education. Implications for music education, locally and globally, are articulated at the end of the article.
Efficacy of Palmitoylethanolamide for Pain: A Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a cannabimimetic compound that has been investigated as an analgesic agent in animal models and clinical trials. OBJECTIVES We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the efficacy of PEA for treating pain in randomized, controlled trials. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING This meta-analysis examined all randomized, controlled trials involving the effect of PEA on pain score. METHODS We searched PubMed and Embase for randomized, active or placebo-controlled trials of PEA for the treatment of acute or chronic pain. Our primary outcome was the weighted mean difference in visual analog pain scales of PEA treatment compared to inactive controls. RESULTS We identified 10 studies including data from 786 patients who received PEA and 512 controls for inclusion in our systematic review. Eight trials included an inactive control group and were included in the meta-analysis. PEA was associated with significantly greater pain reduction compared to inactive control conditions (WMD = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.19 - 2.87, z = 4.75, P < 0.001). Use of placebo control, presence of blinding, allowance for concomitant treatments, and duration or dose of PEA treatment did not affect the measured efficacy of PEA. All-cause dropout was non-significantly reduced in the PEA group compared to inactive control conditions (RR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.10 - 1.26, z = -1.60, P = 0.11). LIMITATIONS This meta-analysis relied on a relatively small number of trials across a variety of conditions causing pain with differing trial designs. Overall quality of the underlying studies and assessment of side effects were often poor. CONCLUSIONS PEA may be a useful treatment for pain and is generally well tolerated in research populations. Further, well-designed, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed to provide reliable estimates of its efficacy and to identify less serious adverse events associated with this compound. KEY WORDS PEA, palmidrol, palmitoylethanolamide, efficacy, pain, pain management, meta-analysis.
Studies on the Blood Pyridoxine of Vitamin B6 Deficient Monkeys.*

Summary Suitable modifications for the extraction and assay of blood pyridoxine are described. The vitamin B6 levels of 14 rhesus monkeys were followed before and after withdrawal of the vitamin from the diet. The vitamin B6 levels fell during the first 2 weeks of deprivation. This usually brought the levels down to values of 2-3 μg per 100 ml of whole blood or lower, where they remained throughout the rest of the experiment for periods exceeding 1 year. Control animals on a daily intake of equivalent to 1 mg of pyridoxine hydrochloric acid had values ranging horn 5.0 to 20.8 μg, averaging 11.2. Some of the changes observed in deficient animals are discussed.
Measuring juvenile delinquency: How do self-reports compare with official police statistics?

The accuracy of measuring the prevalence of delinquency by means of self-reported questionnaires is difficult to evaluate. This study assesses the differential validity of self-reported delinquency in adolescents and, more specifically, self-reported police contacts because of suspected misconduct. This study was conducted as part of the Rotterdam Youth Monitor, a youth health surveillance system. Self-report data of pupils (mainly 12–15 years old) in the first or third grade of secondary school in the school years 2007–8 and 2008–9 (n = 23,914) were merged with police data. Of the pupils registered as a suspect, 62 percent admitted to having been interrogated at the police station. However, there were differences between groups. Multivariate analysis showed that Moroccan pupils and first-grade pupils were more likely to give an invalid response. Pupils who were registered for theft, vandalism or assault were more likely to give a valid response, whereas pupils who were registered for an offence involving fireworks were more likely to give an invalid response. We conclude that using only self-reported data to measure delinquency in an ethnically diverse population results in substantial bias. It is advisable to use multiple sources to measure the prevalence of delinquency.
Interaction in community-based aged healthcare: Perceptions of people with dementia

This research sought to understand how people with dementia perceive interaction in the context of their service experience. Using the client data from a qualitative study that was conducted over three years and employed both inductive and deductive techniques, the data from 22 client interviews were consolidated and then analysed. Seven themes related to service experience were identified: Awareness; Communication; Dependency; Expectations; Experience; Position; and Relationship. These themes provide insights that could assist service providers to better understand and facilitate interaction with their clients. The study highlights that clients with dementia wish to be given the opportunity to have input to the creation of their service. Itpoints out that service organizations need to develop tailored mechanisms that will allow this to occur; and the study provides information that could be used to facilitate the achievement of a responsive, client-centred community-based aged healthcare service.
The Experience of Spirituality and Disability Sport for British Military Personnel Traumatically Injured in Iraq and Afghanistan: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

The aim of this article is to explore the spiritual experience of disability—sport—rehabilitation for British Service men and women who have sustained traumatic injuries as a consequence of combative warfare in Iraq and Afghanistan. At present, Great Britain's military-based initiative, called Battle Back uses disability sport as an integral part of its rehabilitation processes. However, there is a paucity of literature documenting the impact of disability sport, specifically around the spiritual experience of disability–sport–rehabilitation. The article draws upon data gathered from 11 semi-structured interviews with British Service personnel (nine male and two female), the transcripts of which were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Three overarching themes emerged from interview discussion: (a) understandings of spirituality, (b) how disability sport helped to bring back life meaning and purpose, and (c) how the relationship between disability sport and spirituality might be framed in terms of goal striving and goal attainment. Findings indicate how participants used disability sport to re-enter their social worlds and how, as a consequence, they found renewed purpose and meaning in life.
“Potential” in the Eye of the Beholder: The Role of Managers Who Spot Rising Stars

Judgments about employees’ potential are clearly consequential for their careers. Employees viewed as rising stars can flourish from extensive developmental opportunities. Others (the vast majority) who are not perceived as ‘‘high potential’’ can become demoralized and disengaged. Given such high stakes, conceptually driven advances in modeling and measuring employee potential are indeed likely to usefully advance talent management research and practice, as well as the careers of the most talented employees. Silzer and Church (2009) note that one of their key contributions is to highlight that employee potential can be latent and stifled by the employees’ manager. To address this issue, Silzer and Church suggest that promising employees might need to be given a range of bosses and jobs to give their nascent potential a chance to shine through, although do not elaborate on the kinds of bosses likely to impede or not recognize their employees’ potential. Managers’ mindsets (Dweck, 2006) influence how they perform the managerial tasks of appraising and developing their employees (Heslin & VandeWalle, 2008). After briefly reviewing the nature of Dweck’s concept of mindset, I will outline some