Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cranial acetabular retroversion is common in developmental dysplasia of the hip as assessed by the weight bearing position

Background and purpose The appearance of acetabular version differs between the supine and weight bearing positions in developmental dysplasia of the hip. Weight bearing radiographic evaluation has been recommended to ensure the best coherence between symptoms, functional appearance, and hip deformities. Previous prevalence estimates of acetabular retroversion in dysplastic hips have been established in radiographs recorded with the patient supine and with inclusion only if pelvic tilt met standardized criteria. We assessed the prevalence and the extent of acetabular retroversion in dysplastic hip joints in weight bearing pelvic radiographs. Patients and methods We assessed 95 dysplastic hip joints (54 patients) in weight bearing anteroposterior pelvic radiographs, measuring the acetabular height and the distance from the acetabular roof to the point of crossing of the acetabular rims, if present. Results Acetabular retroversion was found in 31 of 95 dysplastic hip joints. In 28 of 31 hip joints with retroversion, crossover of the acetabular rims was positioned within the cranial 30% sector. The degree of pelvic tilt differed between retroverted and non-retroverted dysplastic hip joints, though only reaching a statistically significant level in male dysplastic hip joints. Interpretation We identified cranial acetabular retroversion in one-third of dysplastic hip joints when assessed on weight bearing pelvic radiographs. If assessed on pelvic radiographs obtained with the patient supine, and with inclusion only if the degree of pelvic tilt meets standardized criteria, the prevalence of acetabular retroversion may be underestimated.
Discourses of student orientation to medical education programs

Background Although medical students’ initial orientation is an important point of transition in medical education, there is a paucity of literature on the subject and major variations in the ways that different institutions orient incoming medical students to their programs. Methods We conducted a discourse analysis of medical education orientation in the literature and on data from a survey of peer institutions’ approaches to orientation. Results These two discourses of orientation had clear similarities, in particular, the critical role of ceremony and symbols, and the focus on developing professionalism and physician identities. There were also differences between them, in particular, in the way that the discourse in the literature focused on the symbolic and professional aspects of orientation; something we have called ‘cultural orientation’. Meanwhile, those who were responsible for orientation in their own institutions tended to focus on the practical and social dimensions. Conclusion By examining how orientation has been described and discussed, we identify three domains of orientation: cultural, social, and practical. These domains are relatively distinct in terms of the activities associated with them, and in terms of who is involved in organizing and running these activities. We also describe orientation as a liminal activity system on the threshold of medical school where incoming students initially cross into the profession. Interestingly, this state of ambiguity also extends to the scholarship of orientation with only some of its aspects attracting formal enquiry, even though there is a growing interest in transitions in medical education as a whole. We hope, therefore, that this study can help to legitimize enquiry into orientation in all its forms and that it can begin to situate the role of orientation more firmly within the firmament of medical education practice and research.
Stepwise Translocation of Dpo4 Polymerase during Error-Free Bypass of an oxoG Lesion

7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (oxoG), the predominant lesion formed following oxidative damage of DNA by reactive oxygen species, is processed differently by replicative and bypass polymerases. Our kinetic primer extension studies demonstrate that the bypass polymerase Dpo4 preferentially inserts C opposite oxoG, and also preferentially extends from the oxoG•C base pair, thus achieving error-free bypass of this lesion. We have determined the crystal structures of preinsertion binary, insertion ternary, and postinsertion binary complexes of oxoG-modified template-primer DNA and Dpo4. These structures provide insights into the translocation mechanics of the bypass polymerase during a complete cycle of nucleotide incorporation. Specifically, during noncovalent dCTP insertion opposite oxoG (or G), the little-finger domain–DNA phosphate contacts translocate by one nucleotide step, while the thumb domain–DNA phosphate contacts remain fixed. By contrast, during the nucleotidyl transfer reaction that covalently incorporates C opposite oxoG, the thumb-domain–phosphate contacts are translocated by one nucleotide step, while the little-finger contacts with phosphate groups remain fixed. These stepwise conformational transitions accompanying nucleoside triphosphate binding and covalent nucleobase incorporation during a full replication cycle of Dpo4-catalyzed bypass of the oxoG lesion are distinct from the translocation events in replicative polymerases.
Cosmetic Outcome and Incidence of Infection with the MammoSite Breast Brachytherapy Applicator

Abstract: We present our results regarding the cosmetic outcome achieved and the rate of infection using the MammoSite breast brachytherapy applicator to treat patients with partial breast irradiation. In addition, factors associated with cosmetic outcome and infection are analyzed. The study population consisted of 30 patients with early stage breast cancer treated using the MammoSite device from October 28, 2002, to February 13, 2004. Cosmetic outcome was analyzed for its association with the following parameters: volume of the balloon, balloon‐to‐skin distance, maximal skin point dose per fraction, V100 (percent of volume that received 100% of the prescription dose), V150 (percent of volume that received 150% of the prescription dose), and V200 (percent of volume that received 200% of the prescription dose). The occurrence of infection at the time of treatment and during follow‐up was also recorded. At a median follow‐up of 13 months (range 1–16 months), 53.3% of the patients (16/30) were reported to have an excellent cosmetic outcome and 40.0% (12/30) had a good cosmetic outcome. Excellent cosmetic outcome was associated with a greater mean balloon‐to‐skin distance compared to those who achieved a good cosmetic outcome (1.5 cm versus 1.2 cm) (p = 0.164). The mean V100, V150, and V200 of those in the excellent cosmetic outcome group were 92.1%, 34.5%, and 7.6% versus 93.0%, 34.7%, and 7.6% in the good cosmetic outcome group (p = 0.642, 0.926, and 0.853), The mean balloon volumes were 47.7 cm3 and 56.9 cm3, respectively (p = 0.063) in the excellent and good outcome groups. The mean maximal skin doses per fraction in the excellent and good outcome groups were 354.8 cGy and 422.3 cGy (p = 0.286), respectively. Infection occurred in 13.3% of the patients (4/30). An excellent or good cosmetic outcome was achieved in 93.3% of patients and infection occurred in 13.3% of patients treated with the MammoSite breast brachytherapy applicator. Excellent cosmetic outcome was associated with a greater balloon‐to‐skin distance, lower maximal skin dose per fraction, and smaller mean balloon volume; however, the results did not reach statistical significance.
Security and privacy challenges in industrial Internet of Things

Today, embedded, mobile, and cyberphysical systems are ubiquitous and used in many applications, from industrial control systems, modern vehicles, to critical infrastructure. Current trends and initiatives, such as “Industrie 4.0” and Internet of Things (IoT), promise innovative business models and novel user experiences through strong connectivity and effective use of next generation of embedded devices. These systems generate, process, and exchange vast amounts of security-critical and privacy-sensitive data, which makes them attractive targets of attacks. Cyberattacks on IoT systems are very critical since they may cause physical damage and even threaten human lives. The complexity of these systems and the potential impact of cyberattacks bring upon new threats. This paper gives an introduction to Industrial IoT systems, the related security and privacy challenges, and an outlook on possible solutions towards a holistic security framework for Industrial IoT systems.
Balboa: A Framework for Event-Based Process Data Analysis

Abstract : Software process research has suffered from a lack of focussed data analysis techniques and tools. Part of the problem is the ad hoc and heterogeneous nature of the data, as well as the methods of collecting those data. While collection methods must be specific to their data source, analysis tools should be shielded from specific data formats and idiosyncrasies. We have built Balboa as a bridge between the data collection and the analysis tools, facilitating the gathering and management of event data, and simplifying the construction of tools to analyze the data. Balboa is a framework that provides to collection methods a flexible data registration mechanism, and provides to tools a consistent set of data manipulation, management, and access services. It unites the variety of collection mechanisms with the variety of tools, thus paving the way for more extensive application of process improvement techniques based on data analysis.
High glucose and hyperosmolarity increase heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF) production in cultured human aortic endothelial cells

Heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF) has been shown to be a potent smooth muscle cell (SMC) mitogen and chemoattractant, and might be a candidate factor for the progression of atherosclerosis. We have investigated the effects of high glucose and hyperosmolarity on HB‐EGF production in cultured human aortic endothelial cells. Following the culture of the cells for 2 days with high concentrations of glucose or in the hyperosmolar conditions, we measured the content of HB‐EGF and the rate of production in the cells using a semi‐quantitative immunofluorescent technique and a metabolic radiolabelling method. With high glucose (16.6 mmol) and hyperosmolar conditions (glucose 5.5 mmol + mannitol 11.1 mmol or glucose 5.5 mmol + raffinose 11.1 mmol), the content of HB‐EGF was significantly increased and the metabolic rate was also significantly increased (more than a twofold increase, compared to that of 5.5 mmol glucose). In conclusion, conditions of high glucose or hyperosmolarity increase HB‐EGF production in human aortic endothelial cells. These results suggest that diabetic macroangiopathy might be attributed at least in part to HB‐EGF‐related vascular changes which may be induced by glucose.
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Injury in Patients Receiving Kayexalate (Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate) in Sorbitol: Clinical, Endoscopic, and Histopathologic Findings

Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) in sorbitol has been demonstrated to cause colonic necrosis in a subset of uremic patients who are administered the cation exchange resin for treatment of hyperkalemia. Upper gastrointestinal damage associated with Kayexalate in sorbitol is reported far less frequently, and the clinicopathologic spectrum of disease in cases with upper gastrointestinal damage has not been investigated previously. The authors studied the clinical, endoscopic, and histologic features of 11 patients with Kayexalate crystals in biopsies from the esophagus (n = 7), stomach (n = 6), and duodenum (n = 2). The endoscopic appearance was markedly abnormal in all 11 patients. The effects of the medication closely mimicked other endoscopic and radiologic diagnoses in three cases, including esophageal carcinoma, Candidal esophagitis, and gastric bezoar. Histologic and/or endoscopic evidence of mucosal injury in the form of an ulcer or erosion was present in nine patients (82%). In four patients with mucosal injury, no other etiology apart from Kayexalate in sorbitol could be identified. In comparison with a cohort of patients with Kayexalate crystals in lower gastrointestinal specimens identified during the same period (11 patients) the frequency of associated mucosal damage was not significantly different (55%, p = 0.19), but no patient with upper gastrointestinal Kayexalate required surgical resection or died as a result of Kayexalate-induced mucosal injury. The results of this study provide evidence that Kayexalate in sorbitol can induce damage to the upper gastrointestinal tract. Recognition of Kayexalate crystals in histologic sections as a marker for sorbitol-induced mucosal damage may aid in establishing the correct diagnosis for clinically or endoscopically misleading lesions.
Automated blood vessel extraction in two-dimensional breast thermography

In this paper, we present an automated algorithm for detection of blood vessels in 2D-thermographic images for breast cancer screening. Vessel extraction from breast thermal images help in the classification of malignancy as cancer causes increased blood flow at warmer temperatures, additional vessel formation and tortuosity of vessels feeding the cancerous growth. The proposed algorithm uses three enhanced images to detect possible vessel regions based on their intensity and shape. The final vessel detection combines these three outputs. The algorithm does not depend on the variation of pixel intensity in the images but only depends on the relative variation unlike many standard algorithms. On a dataset of over 40 subjects with high-resolution thermographic images, we are able to extract the vessels accurately with elimination of diffused heat regions. Future studies would involve extracting features from the detected vessels and using these features for classification of malignancy.
Particle-Scale Understanding of the Bioavailability of PAHs in Sediment

J E F F R E Y W . T A L L E Y , † U P A L G H O S H , ‡ S A M U E L G . T U C K E R , § J O H N S . F U R E Y , § A N D R I C H A R D G . L U T H Y * , ‡ Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0767, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4020, and Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180
Implementation of the Building Strong Families Program

Building Strong Families (BSF) is a large-scale demonstration and rigorous evaluation of marriage and relationship education programs that has now enrolled more than 5,000 low-income, romantically involved, unmarried couples. At enrollment, all couples were expecting or recently had a child together. This report highlights key findings from an implementation analysis of BSFâ€™s seven program sites in Atlanta, Baltimore, Baton Rouge, Florida, Indiana, Oklahoma, and Texas during the evaluation's first 6 to 14 months. The analysis documents recruitment and enrollment practices, describes the characteristics of enrolled couples, provides data on program participation, and summarizes the experiences of couples participating in the intervention. Individuals who enrolled in the program were typically in their mid-twenties, and often had children from prior relationships. While most had a high school education, earnings and income were low. Over half the recruited sample members were African American, about one-quarter were Hispanic, and about 14 percent were non-Hispanic white. The average couple had known each other for several years, was cohabiting, and had high hopes for marrying their partner.
A Neural Mechanism for Involuntary Attention Shifts to Changes in Auditory Stimulation

Involuntary switching to task-irrelevant sound change was studied by measuring event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and behavioral performance in a dichotic listening paradigm. Pairs of tones (S1 and S2) were presented and subjects were instructed to ignore S1 (delivered to the left ear) and to make a go/no-go response to the subsequent S2 (delivered to the right ear). On most trials, the task-irrelevant S1 was of standard frequency, but occasionally it deviated from the standard frequency either by a small or large amount. It was predicted that deviant stimuli were automatically detected and that they could involuntarily capture attention. If they lead to attention switching, less capacity should be available for the processing of target tones resulting in impaired processing of S2. As in many previous studies, deviant tones elicited the mismatch negativity (MMN), which is a component of the ERP indicating automatic change detection. Furthermore, targets preceded by a deviant tone elicited a smaller N1 wave and were detected less effectively than targets preceded by a standard tone. This impaired processing of targets following task-irrelevant changes occurred only with short S1–S2 intervals (Experiment I) but not with long ones (Experiment II). The results support a model claiming that the auditory system possesses a change detection system that monitors the acoustic input and may produce an attentional interrupt signal when a deviant occurs. The involuntary attentional capture caused by this signal leads to impoverished processing of closely succeeding stimuli.
Two kinds of phase transition in photonic systems with application to optical isolation

This thesis concerns the study of two kinds of phase transitions, parity-time(PT ) symmetric phase transitions and topological phase transitions, using photonic systems. In the first part of the thesis, we perform a theoretical study of the nonlinear dynamics of a nonlinear optical isolator device based on coupled microcavities with gain and loss. This reveals a correspondence between the boundary of asymptotic stability in the nonlinear regime, where gain saturation is present, and the PT breaking transition in the underlying linear system. We establish a correspondence between the onset of optical isolation and the PT phase transition of the linear system. In the second part of the thesis, we study a new class of nonlinear optical isolator based on self-induced topological phase transitions. We show that topological phase transitions can be used to help design nonlinear photonic structures exhibiting power thresholds and discontinuities in their transmittance. This provides a novel route to devising nonlinear optical isolators. We study three representative designs: (i) a waveguide array implementing a nonlinear 1D Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, (ii) a waveguide array implementing a nonlinear 2D Haldane model, and (iii) a 2D lattice of coupled-ring waveguides. In the first two cases, we find a correspondence between the topological transition of the underlying linear lattice and the power threshold of the transmittance, and show that the transmission behavior is attributable to the emergence of a self-induced topological soliton. In the third case, we show that the topological transition produces a discontinuity in the transmittance curve, which can be exploited to achieve sharp jumps in the power-dependent isolation ratio. In the third part, we study the realization of an unpaired Dirac cone at the center of the first Brillouin zone, using a gyromagnetic photonic crystal with broken square sub-lattice symmetry and broken time reversal symmetry. The behavior of the Dirac modes can be described by a gyromagnetic effective medium model with near-zero refractive index. When two domains are subjected to opposite magnetic biases, there exist unidirectional edge states along the domain wall. This establishes a novel link between topological edge states and the surface waves of homogenous magneto-optical media.
Binaries and Biology: Conversations With Elementary Education Professionals After Professional Development on Supporting Transgender Students

Abstract Schools are gendered cultural sites that leave little room for gender transgressions, let alone affirmation of a transgender child. This article examines how U.S. educators made meaning of teaching transgender students after attending professional development about transgender identity. Participants resisted gender-affirming pedagogy and fixated on the logistics of accommodating transgender students and keeping them safe. The authors argue that educators' failure to make structural changes is indicative of narrow interpretations of gender-inclusive schooling.
Nomograms for predicting the overall and cancer-specific survival of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a SEER-based study

The aim of this study was to establish nomograms, based on significant clinicopathologic parameters, for predicting the overall survival (OS) and the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). The data of 43,330 CHL patients, diagnosed between 1983 and 2014, were obtainedfrom the database of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. These patients were randomly divided into training (n = 30,339) and validation (n = 12,991) cohorts. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to evaluate the prognostic effects of multiple clinicopathologic parameters on survival. Significant prognostic factors were combined to build nomograms. The predictive performance of nomograms was evaluated using the index of concordance (C-index) and calibration curves. In the training cohort, on univariate and multivariate analyses, age at diagnosis, gender, race, Ann Arbor stage, and histological type significantly correlated with the survival outcomes. These characteristics were used to establish nomograms. The nomograms showed good accuracy in predicting 1-, 5-, and 10-year OS and CSS, with a C-index of 0.794 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.789-0.799) for OS and 0.760 (95% CI, 0.753-0.767) for CSS. In the validation cohort, the C-index for nomogram-based predictions was 0.787 (95% CI, 0.779-0.795) for OS and 0.769 (95% CI, 0.758-0.780) for CSS. All calibration curves revealed excellent consistency between predicted and actual survival. In summary, novel nomograms were established and validated to predict OS and CSS for patients with CHL. These new prognostic models could aid in improved prediction of survival outcomes leading to reasonable treatment recommendations.
Criticality's affective entanglements: rethinking emotion and critical thinking in higher education

ABSTRACT Critical thinking is often understood as a set of tangible, transferrable and measurable skills and competencies. Yet, it is also an intensely affective experience that is complex, contingent and contextualised. Using interview, focus group and observation data conducted with 15 first-year undergraduate social science students at a UK research-intensive university, this paper explores how students negotiate the complex knowledge practices that constitute critical thinking, particularly the affects of being and becoming critical. The theoretical tools offered by Karen Barad and Sara Ahmed allow a conceptualisation of critical thinking as a complex phenomenon of socio-material and affective practices. This paper turns to Barad and Ahmed to explore the potential of their clashing theorisations for thinking through the affective territories of critical thinking. It will argue that acknowledging the way(s) critical thinking feels (as well as what it is and what it is for) opens up new imaginaries for feminist scholarship about criticality.
Trypanosoma cruzi in Los Angeles and Miami blood donors: impact of evolving donor demographics on seroprevalence and implications for transfusion transmission

BACKGROUND: Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease, continues to be a concern for blood safety, as demonstrated by recent transfusion‐transmitted cases in the United States and Canada. The chronic nature of Chagas', coupled with increasing numbers of immigrants from T. cruzi‐endemic countries, suggests that Chagas' is a long‐term public health problem. Herein, we report on a multiyear epidemiologic study of T. cruzi in Los Angeles and Miami blood donors.