Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Violent Behavior and Adolescents’ Appraisal and Coping Strategies related to Inter-parental Violence

The present review focuses on understanding the explanatory mechanisms behind the use of violence within intimate relationships, highlighting the consequences of adolescents’ exposure to Inter-parental violence and gauging the role of their (adolescents) appraisal and coping strategies. The theories reviewed stress the significant impact of close figures’ behaviors on the developing child and adolescent trough observational and imitational processes, secure and insecure attachment patterns and related internal working models as well as trough building own understanding of the world and human interrelations. The review revealed also that adolescents’ exposure to Inter-parental violence constituted an unequivocal risk factor leading to a range of consequences categorized as internalizing and externalizing problems. It however indicates that the outcome behaviors are not a result of a linear process because there is range of mediating factors that explain the association between adolescents’ exposure to Inter-parental violence and outcome behaviors. Finally, appraisal of Inter-parental violence was identified as a central mechanism that impacts both the magnitude of the consequences of exposure and the adolescents’ conception and execution of coping strategies.
Automatically finding performance problems with feedback-directed learning software testing

A goal of performance testing is to find situations when applications unexpectedly exhibit worsened characteristics for certain combinations of input values. A fundamental question of performance testing is how to select a manageable subset of the input data faster to find performance problems in applications automatically. We offer a novel solution for finding performance problems in applications automatically using black-box software testing. Our solution is an adaptive, feedback-directed learning testing system that learns rules from execution traces of applications and then uses these rules to select test input data automatically for these applications to find more performance problems when compared with exploratory random testing. We have implemented our solution and applied it to a medium-size application at a major insurance company and to an open-source application. Performance problems were found automatically and confirmed by experienced testers and developers.
Use of Topical Analgesic and Rolling Alone or in Combination Does Not Increase Flexibility, Pain Pressure Threshold, and Fatigue Endurance—A Repeated-Measures Randomized, Within-Subjects, Exploratory Study

Background: Prior studies have reported an increase in range of motion (ROM) and pain pressure thresholds (PPT) with self-massage using foam rollers and roller massagers. A possible mechanism for the increased ROM is the increase in stretch (pain) threshold. The effects of the use of a topical analgesic alone or in combination with rolling may provide additional benefits for ROM and PPT and improve the ability to tolerate discomfort during a fatiguing protocol. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the use of a topical analgesic alone or a roller massager alone and a combination of both on ROM, PPT, and performance in a fatiguing protocol. Design: This study used a repeated-measures, randomized, within-subjects design. Methods: Sixteen healthy, active male participants (age range, 18–27 years) free from musculoskeletal injuries participated in the study that included 5 conditions, namely, control, placebo gel, topical analgesic gel, rolling and placebo gel, and rolling and topical analgesic gel. All sessions involved 2 ROM and PPT pretests separated by 5 min. Further, after a 20-min recovery period, 2 posttests of ROM, PPT, and heel raises to failure (HRF) were completed at 5-min intervals. In sessions including gel application, immediately after posttest 2, the gels were manually applied on the dominant-leg calf muscles. In sessions including self-massage, 18 min after pretest 2, a rolling massage protocol of 3 sets of 30 s with 10-s rest for a score of 7/10 on the pain scale to cadence of 1 s for the full length of the muscle was conducted from the same sitting position. Statistical analysis: A 5 conditions 4 times repeated-measures ANOVA () was used to analyze PPT and ROM, whereas a 5 conditions 2 times ANOVA was used for HRF. Results: There were no significant main effects for condition or any interactions. A main effect for time (P = 0.031) showed meaningful but no statistically significant (P = 0.1) increases in PPT with near-significant increases between pretest 1 (35.9 6 10.1 kg) and pretest 2 (38.3 6 12.6 kg) and significant (P = 0.02) increases from posttest 1 (36.3 6 11.4 kg) to posttest 2 (38.9 6 12.8 kg). ROM also showed a main effect for time (P < 0.0001), with significant improvements between all times and with the exception of results from posttest 1 to posttest 2 [pretest 1 (13.8 6 3.1 cm), pretest 2 (14.08 6 3.2 cm), posttest 1 (14.28 6 2.9 cm), posttest 2 (14.4 6 3.3 cm)]. HRF showed a main effect for time, with a significant (P = 0.006) decrease in repetitions from posttest 1 (22.1 6 6.7) to posttest 2 (20.4 6 4.4).
Influence of Calcium, Potassium and Watering Regimes on Blossom End Rot in Two Varieties of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in Mandera County, Kenya

Blossom end rot (BER) is one of the physiological disorders of economic importance in tomato farming since it significantly reduces yield and thus affects profit margins. Most tomato disorders are due to mineral deficiencies and unbalanced nutrition. Improving the supply of specific nutrients and uniform soil moisture can reduce their occurrences. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of watering regimes, Calcium (Ca) and Potassium (K) on blossom end rot occurrence in two tomato varieties in Maslah and Guul sites. The trials were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split-split plot arrangement with watering regimes (daily, thrice and twice a week) as main plots, tomato varieties (Riograde and Rionex) as sub plots, and 3 levels of Ca and K (0 Kg/ha, 25 Kg/ha, 50 kg/ha) as the sub-sub plots and replicated three times. Calcium treatments had the lowest score of blossom end rot compared to control. In Guul, the highest BER score (2.83) was observed under the control treatment while the lowest score (1.06) was recorded on the 50 kg/ha, Ca rate. Similar results were observed in Maslah with the control having the highest score of BER (3.22) while Ca 50 kg/ha scored lowest (1.11). No statistical differences were observed in the K treatments in the two study sites, however it was notable that lower rates of K reduced the blossom end rot incidences. Water stress led to increase in severity of the BER in the two study sites. In Guul, the highest score was in minimal watering regime (twice a week) of 2.36 score and lowest was at optimal watering regime (daily) of 1.08 score whereas in Maslah the highest blossom end rot score was in minimal watering regime (twice a week) of 3.19 and the lowest score of 1.19 on medium watering regime (Thrice a week). Therefore, optimal application of Ca, K, at 50 kg/ha with adequate and uniform soil moisture can improve management of blossom end rot in tomatoes thus raising farmer’s returns.
Asynchronous CDMA Systems With Random Spreading—Part II: Design Criteria

Totally asynchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems are addressed. In Part I, the fundamental limits of asynchronous CDMA systems are analyzed in terms of spectral efficiency and SINR at the output of the optimum linear detector. The focus of Part II is the design of low-complexity implementations of linear multiuser detectors in systems with many users that admit a multistage representation, e.g., reduced rank multistage Wiener filters, polynomial expansion detectors, weighted linear parallel interference cancellers. The effects of excess bandwidth, chip-pulse shaping, and time delay distribution on CDMA with suboptimum linear receiver structures are investigated. Recursive expressions for universal weight design are given. The performance in terms of SINR is derived in the large-system limit and the performance improvement over synchronous systems is quantified. The considerations distinguish between two ways of forming discrete-time statistics: chip-matched filtering and oversampling.
The Lymantria dispar IPLB-Ld652Y Cell Line Transcriptome Comprises Diverse Virus-Associated Transcripts

The enhanced viral susceptibility of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)-derived IPLB-Ld652Y cell line has made it a popular in vitro system for studying virus-related phenomena in the Lepidoptera. Using both single-pass EST sequencing and 454-based pyrosequencing, a transcriptomic library of 14,368 putatively unique transcripts (PUTs) was produced comprising 8,476,050 high-quality, informative bases. The gene content of the IPLB-Ld652Y transcriptome was broadly assessed via comparison with the NCBI non-redundant protein database, and more detailed functional annotation was inferred by comparison to the Swiss-Prot subset of UniProtKB. In addition to L. dispar cellular transcripts, a diverse array of both RNA and DNA virus-associated transcripts was identified within the dataset, suggestive of a high level of viral expression and activity in IPLB-Ld652Y cells. These sequence resources will provide a sound basis for developing testable experimental hypotheses by insect virologists, and suggest a number of avenues for potential research.
Cooperative Regenerating Codes

One of the design objectives in distributed storage system is the minimization of the data traffic during the repair of failed storage nodes. By repairing multiple failures simultaneously and cooperatively rather than successively and independently, further reduction of repair traffic is made possible. A closed-form expression of the optimal tradeoff between the repair traffic and the amount of storage in each node for cooperative repair is given. We show that the points on the tradeoff curve can be achieved by linear cooperative regenerating codes, with an explicit bound on the required finite-field size. The proof relies on a max-flow-min-cut-type theorem from combinatorial optimization for submodular flows. Two families of explicit constructions are given.
MCR-MAC: Multi-channel cognitive radio MAC protocol for cooperative incumbent system protection in wireless ad-hoc network

MAC protocol design for cognitive radio (CR) should provide access control for unused spectrum without or with minimal interference to primary users. On this basis, considering how to improve the throughput can make CR MAC protocol more meaningful. To achieve these goals, in this paper a TDMA based multi-channel cognitive radio MAC (MCR-MAC) protocol is proposed for wireless ad hoc network that provides for cooperative detection and protection of incumbent systems around communication pair. By mainly focusing on possible signal collisions between incumbent devices and cognitive radio ad hoc devices, any kind of the hidden incumbent terminal problem is handled in our proposed scheme. To this end, a simple but efficient emergency notification exchanging mechanism between neighbor nodes with little overhead is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed MCR-MAC can reduce interference on incumbents greatly and improve the throughput remarkably.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP MENGENAI SEKSUALITAS DAN PAPARAN MEDIA SOSIAL DENGAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL PRANIKAH PADA REMAJA DI BEBERAPA SMA KOTA SEMARANG TRIWULAN II TAHUN 2017

Premarital sex behavior in adolescents is all the behavior of teenagers who are driven by the desire both with the opposite sex and same sex before the official relationship as husband and wife. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship and influence between knowledge, attitudes about sexuality, and exposure to social media with premarital sexual behavior in high school adolescents in the city of Semarang. The sample in this study was 271 with random sampling technique. Data collection was done with an online questionnaire. The results showed that the proportion of male sex respondents was 29.5% and female sex by 70.5% Based on the factors studied, respondents based on the age of most respondents aged 17 years ie 57.6%, 18 years old for 35,8% and besides the age of 19 and 20 years as much as 6.5%. Characteristics of respondents' social media behavior were 74.2% using social media for> 3 hours per day, 1-3 hours at 24.4% and 7 of 23.2%, and <= 3 social media accounts of 21.8% . Statistic analysis was done by bivariate test with p value of chi square and it was concluded that there was significant relation between, attitude p = 0,0001, social media exposure p = 0,000 with premarital sexual behavior. And multivariate analysis with logistic regression and it can be concluded there is influence between attitude variable and social media exposure with premarital sexual behavior.
Evaluation of appropriate type and rate of new organic fertilizers with inorganic fertilizers for growth and yield of tomato at east Shewa, Ethiopia

Tomato is one of the most important and widely grown vegetables in the World. It is important in a variety of dishes as raw, cooked or processed products more than any other vegetables. In Ethiopia, tomato is an important cash crop widely produced by smallholder farmers and commercial growers under irrigated conditions. The experiment was conducted at Adami Tulu on station under irrigation during 2016. All study districts are located in the mid rift valley of Oromia where ATARC is located and characterized with the same agro-ecology. The experiment was laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The size of a plot was 12 m2 (4 m x 3 m). Each plot accommodated 4 rows and each row contained 10 plants. A spacing of 30 cm and 70 cm between plants and rows were used, respectively. The result of the present study showed that the application of NPS, Eco-green and urea improved the growth and yield of tomato crop and enhanced the soil chemical parameters. Therefore, NPS 200KG/ha, urea 300kg/ha and eco-green 400L/ha can be suggested for tomato crops production for soil nutrient management system in the studied area, however, since the experiment was done once and only at one location, the research should be repeated involving several other varieties at different locations and over various seasons to reach a conclusive recommendation.
Blood Levels of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Aspirin, and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Background: N-3 fatty acids may decrease risk of colorectal cancer by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme and production of proinflammatory eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). Aspirin also inhibits the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme and may share with n-3 fatty acids a potential mechanism to decrease the risk of colorectal cancer. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control analysis using blood samples collected from the Physicians' Health Study participants in 1982 to 1984. N-3 and n-6 fatty acid levels were measured using gas-liquid chromatography for 178 men who developed colorectal cancer through December 31, 1995 and 282 age- and smoking-matched controls. We used conditional logistic regression to examine associations. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Total long-chain n-3 fatty acids were nonsignificantly inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk [relative risk (RR) for highest versus lowest quartile, 0.60; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.32 to 1.11; Ptrend = 0.10], after adjustment for possible confounders. We observed potential interaction between randomized aspirin assignment and long-chain n-3 fatty acid levels (Pinteraction = 0.04). Among men not on aspirin, RRs (95% CI) for increasing quartiles of long-chain n-3 fatty acids were 1.00 (reference), 0.60 (0.28-1.28), 0.51 (0.22-1.17), and 0.34 (0.15-0.82), Ptrend = 0.006. For participants taking aspirin, there was no additional benefit of increasing n-3 fatty acid levels. The RR (95% CI) for the highest versus lowest quartile of n-6 fatty acids was 0.64 (0.35-1.17). Conclusions: Blood levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids were associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer among men not using aspirin. N-6 fatty acids were nonsignificantly inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(2):314–21)
The use of social networking services for classroom engagement? The effects of Facebook usage and the moderating role of user motivation

Studies have examined the relationship between Facebook use and student engagement. With the growing use of social networking services in everyday life, there is an ongoing debate on the effect of Facebook usage outside the classroom on classroom learning. However, studies have been so far failed to examine how Facebook activities in everyday life differ according to individual characteristics. In order to answer that question, this study investigated how Facebook use affects student engagement in the classroom. The moderating role of user motivation was also examined, since students use Facebook for different purposes, which eventually determine whether they become engaged in their learning. The results revealed that students with more active Facebook use achieved significantly higher scores on student engagement than those with less active Facebook use. Image-management and social-pressure motivations have moderating effects on the relationship between the differing ways of using Facebook and student engagement. Students with high levels of image-management motivation who spent more time on Facebook gave learning with peers the lowest ratings of all the students surveyed. Those with high levels of social-pressure motivation who spent more time on Facebook also gave learning with peers lower ratings than all other students surveyed. Implications for future studies on instructional uses of social networking services are suggested.
Involves Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activity of the Lung Surfactant Protein-A Cutting Edge: The Immunostimulatory

The collectin surfactant protein-A (SP-A) is involved in the innate host defense and the regulation of inﬂammatory processes in the lung. In this work we investigated the molecular mechanisms related to the immunostimulatory activity of SP-A using macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice, which carry an inac-tivating mutation in the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 gene, and TLR4-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. We demonstrate that SP-A-induced activation of the NF- (cid:1) B signaling pathway and up-regulation of cytokine synthesis such as TNF- (cid:2) and IL-10 are critically dependent on the TLR4 functional complex. These ﬁndings support the concept that TLR4 is a pattern recognition receptor that signals in response to both foreign pathogens and endogenous host mediators. The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 168: 5989–5992. of surfactant protein-D, protein, conglutinin, and collectin-43 (1, 2). Recent studies suggest an integral role for SP-A in innate host defense and regulation of inﬂammatory processes in the lung. Although several studies have demonstrated that SP-A macrophage chemotaxis,
The Major Sources of the Cosmic Reionizing Background at z ≃ 6

In this Letter, we address which sources contributed most of the reionizing photons. Our argument assumes that the reionization ended around z ≃ 6 and that it was a relatively quick process, i.e., that there was a nonnegligible fraction of neutral hydrogen in the universe at somewhat earlier epochs. Starting from our earlier estimate of the luminosity function (LF) of galaxies at z ≃ 6, we quantitatively show that the major sources of reionization are most likely galaxies with L < L*. Our approach allows us to put stronger constraints to the LF of galaxies at z ≃ 6. To have the universe completely ionized at this redshift, the faint-end slope of the LF should be steeper than α = -1.6, which is the value measured at lower redshifts (z ≃ 3), unless either the normalization (Φ*) of the LF or the clumping factor of the ionized hydrogen has been significantly underestimated. If Φ* is actually lower than what we assumed by a factor of 2, a steep slope close to α = -2.0 is required. Our LF predicts a total of 50-80 z ≃ 6 galaxies in the Hubble Space Telescope Ultra Deep Field to a depth of AB = 28.4 mag, which can be used to constraint both Φ* and α. We conclude that the least luminous galaxies existing at this redshift should reach as low as some critical luminosity in order to accumulate the entire reionizing photon budget. On the other hand, the existence of significant amounts of neutral hydrogen at slightly earlier epochs, e.g., z ≃ 7, requires that the least luminous galaxies should not be fainter than another critical value (i.e., the LF should cut off at this point).
Dissection of autophagy in tobacco BY-2 cells under sucrose starvation conditions using the vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitor concanamycin A and the autophagy-related protein Atg8

Tobacco BY-2 cells undergo autophagy in sucrose-free culture medium, which is the process mostly responsible for intracellular protein degradation under these conditions. Autophagy was inhibited by the vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitors concanamycin A and bafilomycin A1, which caused the accumulation of autophagic bodies in the central vacuoles. Such accumulation did not occur in the presence of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, and concanamycin in turn inhibited the accumulation of autolysosomes in the presence of the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64c. Electron microscopy revealed not only that the autophagic bodies were accumulated in the central vacuole, but also that autophagosome-like structures were more frequently observed in the cytoplasm in treatments with concanamycin, suggesting that concanamycin affects the morphology of autophagosomes in addition to raising the pH of the central vacuole. Using BY-2 cells that constitutively express a fusion protein of autophagosome marker protein Atg8 and green fluorescent protein (GFP), we observed the appearance of autophagosomes by fluorescence microscopy, which is a reliable morphological marker of autophagy, and the processing of the fusion protein to GFP, which is a biochemical marker of autophagy. Together, these results suggest the involvement of vacuole type H+-ATPase in the maturation step of autophagosomes to autolysosomes in the autophagic process of BY-2 cells. The accumulation of autophagic bodies in the central vacuole by concanamycin is a marker of the occurrence of autophagy; however, it does not necessarily mean that the central vacuole is the site of cytoplasm degradation.
Improving Music Recommender Systems: What Can We Learn from Research on Music Tastes?

The success of a music recommender system depends on its ability to predict how much a particular user will like or dislike each item in its catalogue. However, such predictions are difficult to make accurately due to the complex nature of music tastes. In this paper, we review the literature on music tastes from social psychology and sociology of music to identify the correlates of music tastes and to understand how music tastes are formed and evolve through time. Research shows associations between music preferences and a wide variety of sociodemographic and individual characteristics, including personality traits, values, ethnicity, gender, social class, and political orientation. It also reveals the importance of social influences on music tastes, more specifically from family and peers, as well as the central role of music tastes in the construction of personal and social identities. Suggestions for the design of music recommender systems are made based on this literature review.