Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic scene understanding: The role of orientation features in space and time in scene classification

Natural scene classification is a fundamental challenge in computer vision. By far, the majority of studies have limited their scope to scenes from single image stills and thereby ignore potentially informative temporal cues. The current paper is concerned with determining the degree of performance gain in considering short videos for recognizing natural scenes. Towards this end, the impact of multiscale orientation measurements on scene classification is systematically investigated, as related to: (i) spatial appearance, (ii) temporal dynamics and (iii) joint spatial appearance and dynamics. These measurements in visual space, x-y, and spacetime, x-y-t, are recovered by a bank of spatiotemporal oriented energy filters. In addition, a new data set is introduced that contains 420 image sequences spanning fourteen scene categories, with temporal scene information due to objects and surfaces decoupled from camera-induced ones. This data set is used to evaluate classification performance of the various orientation-related representations, as well as state-of-the-art alternatives. It is shown that a notable performance increase is realized by spatiotemporal approaches in comparison to purely spatial or purely temporal methods.
The Best Rank-1 Approximation of a Symmetric Tensor and Related Spherical Optimization Problems

In this paper, we show that for a symmetric tensor, its best symmetric rank-$1$ approximation is its best rank-$1$ approximation. Based on this result, a positive lower bound for the best rank-$1$ approximation ratio of a symmetric tensor is given. Furthermore, a higher order polynomial spherical optimization problem can be reformulated as a multilinear spherical optimization problem. Then, we present a modified power algorithm for solving the homogeneous polynomial spherical optimization problem. Numerical results are presented, illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Effects of cultural diversity on trust and its consequences for team processes and outcomes in ad hoc distributed teams

This quasi-experimental study explores trust as a mediator, explaining how cultural diversity may affect team processes and outcomes in distributed ad hoc teams. Data were collected both through self-report and direct behavioral measures from a military sample. Our results demonstrate significantly lower trust in culturally heterogeneous distributed teams than in homogenous teams. In turn, trust was found to be positively related to team processes (i.e., communication). The results suggest trust will add explanatory value as a mediator in future team composition research. In terms of performance, outcome was not significantly predicted. Aiming to contribute to the future successful use of internationally composed teams, the implications of and the need for further research in these areas are discussed. Key Words: team cultural diversity, heterogeneity, trust, team processes, outcome, ad hoc distributed teams
Peak Torque and Rate of Torque Development Influence on Repeated Maximal Exercise Performance: Contractile and Neural Contributions

Rapid force production is critical to improve performance and prevent injuries. However, changes in rate of force/torque development caused by the repetition of maximal contractions have received little attention. The aim of this study was to determine the relative influence of rate of torque development (RTD) and peak torque (Tpeak) on the overall performance (i.e. mean torque, Tmean) decrease during repeated maximal contractions and to investigate the contribution of contractile and neural mechanisms to the alteration of the various mechanical variables. Eleven well-trained men performed 20 sets of 6-s isokinetic maximal knee extensions at 240°·s-1, beginning every 30 seconds. RTD, Tpeak and Tmean as well as the Rate of EMG Rise (RER), peak EMG (EMGpeak) and mean EMG (EMGmean) of the vastus lateralis were monitored for each contraction. A wavelet transform was also performed on raw EMG signal for instant mean frequency (ifmean) calculation. A neuromuscular testing procedure was carried out before and immediately after the fatiguing protocol including evoked RTD (eRTD) and maximal evoked torque (eTpeak) induced by high frequency doublet (100 Hz). Tmean decrease was correlated to RTD and Tpeak decrease (R²=0.62; p<0.001; respectively β=0.62 and β=0.19). RER, eRTD and initial ifmean (0-225 ms) decreased after 20 sets (respectively -21.1±14.1, -25±13%, and ~20%). RTD decrease was correlated to RER decrease (R²=0.36; p<0.05). The eTpeak decreased significantly after 20 sets (24±5%; p<0.05) contrary to EMGpeak (-3.2±19.5 %; p=0.71). Our results show that reductions of RTD explained part of the alterations of the overall performance during repeated moderate velocity maximal exercise. The reductions of RTD were associated to an impairment of the ability of the central nervous system to maximally activate the muscle in the first milliseconds of the contraction.
Epistemic levels in argument: An analysis of university oceanography students' use of evidence in writing

The purpose of this paper is to examine university oceanography students' use of evidence in writing. Drawing from rhetorical studies of science writing and studies of argumentation in science education, a model for assessing students' arguments is proposed that considers the relative epistemic status of propositions comprising students' written texts. The study was conducted in an introductory university oceanography course in a large public university that utilized an interactive CD-ROM that provided geological data sets for student exploration of scientific questions. Student arguments were analyzed through a process of sorting propositions by epistemic level and identifying the explicit links within and across levels. These epistemic levels were defined by discipline-specific geological constructs from descriptions of data, to identification of features, to relational aspects of features, to theoretically formulated assertions. This form of argumentation analysis allowed for assessment of each student's writing on normative grounds and for comparisons across students' papers. Results show promise for the argumentation model as a methodological tool. The examination of epistemic status of knowledge claims provided ways of distinguishing the extent to which students adhered to the genre conventions specified by the task, i.e., providing evidentiary support for their argument concerning the theory of plate tectonics with real earth data. We draw on the findings to discuss ways argumentation theory can contribute to reform in science education. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed86:314–342, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/sce.10024
Laser-induced corneal cross-linking upon photorefractive ablation with riboflavin

Aim To estimate the biomechanical effect of the laser-induced cross-linking resulting from photorefractive ablation of the cornea with riboflavin. Methods Excimer laser ablation studies were performed ex vivo (32 eyes of 16 rabbits) by phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) and in vivo (24 eyes of 12 rabbits) by transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK), with and without riboflavin saturation of the stroma. Then, we performed corneal optical coherence tomography on 36 eyes of 18 patients with varying degrees of myopia at different times after the TransPRK was performed with riboflavin saturation of the stroma. Results Biomechanical testing of corneal samples saturated with riboflavin revealed cross-linking effect accompanied by the increase in tensile strength and maximum strength. PTK showed increase in tensile strength from 5.1±1.4 to 7.2±1.6 MPa (P=0.001), while Trans-PRK showed increase in tensile strength from 8.8±0.9 to 12.8±1.3 MPa (P=0.0004). Maximum strength increased from 8.7±2.5 to 12.0±2.8 N (P=0.005) in PTK and from 12.8±1.6 to 18.3±1.2 N (P=0.0004) in TransPRK. Clinical optical coherence tomography studies of the biomicroscopic transparent cornea at different times after TransPRK showed increased density in the surface layers of the stroma and membrane-like structure beneath the epithelium. Conclusion Photorefractive ablation of the preliminary corneal stroma saturation with riboflavin causes the effect of laser-induced cross-linking, which is attended with an increase in corneal tensile strength, maximum strength, increased density in the surface layers of the stroma, and formation of a membrane-like structure beneath the epithelium after TransPRK.
Adiponectin and Risk of Stroke: Prospective Study and Meta-analysis

Background and Purpose— The favorable cardiovascular effects attributed to adiponectin may lower risk of stroke. We investigated this in a prospective study and meta-analysis. Methods— A case–cohort study nested within the Potsdam cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer was performed, with 170 incident cases of ischemic stroke and a randomly selected subcohort of 2155 participants without major cardiovascular disease at baseline. A random-effects dose–response meta-analysis was performed on prospective studies reporting on adiponectin and incident stroke in healthy populations up to April 2013, identified through MEDLINE and EMBASE. Results— In European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Potsdam, after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, the hazard ratio of ischemic stroke per 5-µg/mL higher total-adiponectin was 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.89–1.37). Participants with higher total-adiponectin had higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and triglyceride levels, and had less often diabetes mellitus. Additional adjustment for these putative mediators yielded a hazard ratio of 1.31 (95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.64). Nine studies (19 259 participants, 2960 cases), including European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Potsdam, were meta-analyzed. Pooling relative risks adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors not including putative mediators indicated moderate between-study heterogeneity (I2=52.2%). This was explained by the smallest study, and the pooled relative risk (95% confidence interval) before and after its exclusion was 1.03 (0.98–1.08) and 0.99 (0.96–1.01) per 5 µg/mL, respectively. The pooled relative risk (95% confidence interval) additionally adjusted for potential mediators was 1.08 (1.01–1.15) and 1.05 (1.00–1.11) before and after excluding the same study, respectively. Conclusions— Adiponectin is not associated with risk of stroke. If anything, adiponectin relates directly to stroke risk after controlling for risk factors that favorably correlate with adiponectin.
Weak Direct Current Stimulation: A New Prospect in William Syndrome Disorder with Regard to Social Fear

William’s syndrome is a multifaceted, unique syndrome, in which patients develop notable hypersociability and neurocognitive characteristics. In humans, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can enhance or diminish cortical excitability, which can modulate social cognition and behavior. The present knowledge suggests the involvement of dysfunctional neural circuitry and abnormal cortical excitability in neurodevelopmental disorder. The insight of tDCS to influence cortical excitability via membrane polarization constitutes a main breakthrough in our understanding of the changes in the brain states. In recent past, neuromodulatory effects of tDCS with regard to fear have been encouraged targeting the learning and memory processes. Nevertheless, until today tDCS studies with respect to fear and anxiety disorder has been very restricted. Consequently, in the near future, it will require special attention and further exploration. In this article author would like to suggest the potential of using tDCS to counter social fear in William’s syndrome.
The historical development of Lower Cross consonants

L'article presente la reconstruction du systeme consonantique du proto-lower cross (langue parlee dans la partie inferieur du bassin de la riviere Cross situee au sud-est du Niger) et examine le developpement de ce systeme dans les differentes langues cross actuelles. La methodologie suit le principe selon lequel la reconstruction peut etre contrainte par des elements phonetiques
How fairness perceptions make innovative behavior more or less stressful

Summary The purpose of this study was to examine how perceptions of distributive and procedural fairness moderate the relationship between innovative behavior and stress. The results of a survey carried out among 118 first-line managers from six organizations in the public health domain demonstrated that innovative behavior was positively related to the stress reactions of job-related anxiety and burnout only when levels of both distributive fairness and procedural fairness were low. Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Xenoestrogen exposure imprints expression of genes (Hoxa10) required for normal uterine development

The developing reproductive tract is sensitive to endocrine perturbation. Bisphenol A (BPA), a xenoestrogen, is a common component of food storage plastics and dental composites. We tested the ability of BPA to alter expression of HOXA10, a gene necessary for uterine development. A dose‐response increase in HOXA10 mRNA expression was demonstrated in Ishikawa cells treated with 0.1 nM to 25 µM BPA. To determine whether in utero BPA exposure resulted in a lasting alteration of uterine HOXA10 expression, mice were treated with 0.5–5.0 mg/kg BPA on gestational days 9–16. A dose‐responsive increase was seen in stromal cell HOXA10 expression in 2‐and 6‐week‐old mice exposed in utero. To discern the mechanism of BPA action, the HOXA10 estrogen response element (ERE) and autoregulatory element (ARE) were tested for BPA responsiveness. BPA drove luciferase expression from HOXA10‐ERE and ARE reporter constructs. HOXA10 ERE mediated induction was blocked by ER antagonist ICI, while HOXA10 ARE induction was blocked by either ICI or HOXA10 antisense. BPA affects HOXA10 expression through the HOXA10 ERE and indirectly through the ARE. BPA initially alters HOXA10 expression through the ERE, however, the response is imprinted and uncoupled from estrogen stimulation in the adult. Several xenoestrogens alter HOX gene expression, indicating that HOX genes are a common target of endocrine disruption. In utero exposure to a xenoestrogen produces reproductive tract alterations by imprinting essential developmental regulatory genes. Smith, C. C. , Taylor, H. S. Xenoestrogen exposure imprints expression of genes (Hoxa10) required for normal uterine development. FASEB J. 21, 239–246 (2007)
The Analysis of the Self: A Systematic Approach to the Psychoanalytic Treatment of Narcissistic Personality Disorders

Psychoanalyst, teacher, and scholar, Heinz Kohut was one of the twentieth century's most important intellectuals. A rebel according to many mainstream psychoanalysts, Kohut challenged Freudian orthodoxy and the medical control of psychoanalysis in America. In his highly influential book "The Analysis of the Self", Kohut established the industry standard of the treatment of personality disorders for a generation of analysts. This volume, best known for its groundbreaking analysis of narcissism, is essential reading for scholars and practitioners seeking to understand human personality in its many incarnations.
Health professionals’ attitudes toward caring for people with hepatitis C

Summary. An estimated 170 million people worldwide have hepatitis C, which is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, health professionals (HPs) are likely to care for people with hepatitis C at some stage in their careers. However, little is known about HPs’ attitudes towards treating people with hepatitis C. An analytical, cross‐sectional survey was conducted to explore the inter‐relationship among HPs’ hepatitis C knowledge and attitudes towards treating people with hepatitis C and their self‐reported clinical behaviour: Self‐administered questionnaires were distributed to 3675 complementary therapists, dentists, medical practitioners, nurses, pharmacists, undergraduate medical and nursing students and people with hepatitis C in Victoria, Australia. Forty‐six per cent responded (n = 1510). Only HP (complementary therapists, dentists, medical practitioners, nurses and pharmacists) data is presented (n = 1347).
Wages and Skills Utilization: Effect of Broad Skills and Generic Skills on Wages in Singapore

Many people go for training to upgrade their skills which is hoped to pave the way for better pay. But what are the kinds of skills that really affect wages? Employers have emphasized the value of generic skills such as interpersonal and communication skills, teamwork and problem solving. Does possession of these skills translate to at least the same or better wages as compared with having broad skills represented by educational qualifications and job-related training? This paper, arising from the research project on the Skills Utilisation in Singapore, aims to answer which skills can have more influence on wages and which job-related training in terms of training duration can have more impact on wages. Using ordinal logistic regression, our findings show that educational qualification and initial training time can influence wages as well as utilization of leadership, planning and problem-solving skills.
Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarının Fen Öğretiminde Öğretmen Öz yeterlik inanç Düzeyleri ile Zeka Türleri Arasındaki ilişkinin Değerlendirilmesi

Bu arastirmanin temel amaci sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin fen ogretiminde ogretmen oz yeterlik inanc duzeyleri ile zeka turleri arasindaki iliskiyi degerlendirmektir Tarama modelinde hazirlanmis olan bu arastirmanin calisma grubunu Gazi Universitesi Gazi Egitim Fakultesi ve Cukurova Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Sinif Ogretmenligi bolumlerinin 1 2 3 ve 4 siniflarinda ogrenim goren 363 ogretmen adayi olusturmustur Arastirmada veri toplama araci olarak sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin fen ogretiminde oz yeterlik inanci olcegi STEBI Enochs Riggs 1990 ve coklu zeka kurami olcegi Saban 2001 kullanilmistir Verilerin analizinde bagimsiz gruplar t testi tek yonlu ANOVA LSD analizi betimsel analiz ve Pearson korelasyon katsayisi kullanilirken olceklerin guvenirlik katsayilarinin hesaplanmasinda Cronbach alpha katsayisi kullanilmistir Arastirma verileri SPSS 11 5 programi ile analiz edilmistir Arastirma verilerinin degerlendirilmesi sonunda; ogretmen adaylarinin fen ogretiminde oz yeterlik inanclarinin orta duzeyde oldugu belirlenirken adaylarin inanc duzeylerinin olcegin hem genelinde hem de alt boyutlarinda cinsiyete ve ogrencilerin okuduklari siniflara gore anlamli fark gostermedigi belirlenmistir Ayrica ogretmen adaylarinin zeka turleri ile cinsiyetleri arasinda anlamli bir iliski olmadigi tespit edilmistir Her zeka turunde “cok gelismis” duzeyde zeka puanina sahip bireyler bulundugu belirlenirken en fazla “cok gelismis” duzeyde zeka puanina sahip birey iceren zeka turunun mantiksal matematiksel oldugu belirlenmistir Diger taraftan ogretmen adaylarinin fen ogretimi oz yeterlik puanlari ile zeka puanlari arasinda ve zeka puanlarinin birbirleri arasinda dusuk ve orta duzeyde anlamli iliskiler oldugu tespit edilmistir Ayrica fen ogretiminde oz yeterlik inanci olcegi puanlarinin zeka turleri gelismisligine gore ANOVA sonuclari incelendiginde; adaylarin oz yeterlik inanc puanlari arasinda zeka turu gelismisligine gore anlamli farklar bulunmustur Anlamli farkliligin hangi gelismislik duzeyleri arasinda oldugunu bulmak icin yapilan LSD testi sonucuna gore zeka turlerinin cok gelismis gelismis orta duzeyde gelismis ve biraz gelismis duzeylerine sahip bireylerin oz yeterlik inanci puanlari arasinda anlamli farklar oldugu belirlenmistir Arastirma sonunda elde edilen bulgular isiginda oneriler sunulmustur Anahtar kelimeler: Oz yeterlik inanci coklu zeka ve fen ogretimi
A Systematic Review of Methods and Procedures Used in Ecological Momentary Assessments of Diet and Physical Activity Research in Youth: An Adapted STROBE Checklist for Reporting EMA Studies (CREMAS)

Background Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a method of collecting real-time data based on careful timing, repeated measures, and observations that take place in a participant’s typical environment. Due to methodological advantages and rapid advancement in mobile technologies in recent years, more studies have adopted EMA in addressing topics of nutrition and physical activity in youth. Objective The aim of this systematic review is to describe EMA methodology that has been used in studies addressing nutrition and physical activity in youth and provide a comprehensive checklist for reporting EMA studies. Methods Thirteen studies were reviewed and analyzed for the following 5 areas of EMA methodology: (1) sampling and measures, (2) schedule, (3) technology and administration, (4) prompting strategy, and (5) response and compliance. Results Results of this review showed a wide variability in the design and reporting of EMA studies in nutrition and physical activity among youth. The majority of studies (69%) monitored their participants during one period of time, although the monitoring period ranged from 4 to 14 days, and EMA surveys ranged from 2 to 68 times per day. More than half (54%) of the studies employed some type of electronic technology. Most (85%) of the studies used interval-contingent prompting strategy. For studies that utilized electronic devices with interval-contingent prompting strategy, none reported the actual number of EMA prompts received by participants out of the intended number of prompts. About half (46%) of the studies failed to report information about EMA compliance rates. For those who reported, compliance rates ranged from 44-96%, with an average of 71%. Conclusions Findings from this review suggest that in order to identify best practices for EMA methodology in nutrition and physical activity research among youth, more standardized EMA reporting is needed. Missing the key information about EMA design features and participant compliance might lead to misinterpretation of results. Future nutrition and physical activity EMA studies need to be more rigorous and thorough in descriptions of methodology and results. A reporting checklist was developed with the goal of enhancing reliability, efficacy, and overall interpretation of the findings for future studies that use EMAs.
Infectious HIV-1 assembles in late endosomes in primary macrophages

Although human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is generally thought to assemble at the plasma membrane of infected cells, virions have been observed in intracellular compartments in macrophages. Here, we investigated virus assembly in HIV-1–infected primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Electron microscopy of cryosections showed virus particles, identified by their morphology and positive labeling with antibodies to the viral p17, p24, and envelope proteins, in intracellular vacuoles. Immunolabeling demonstrated that these compartments contained the late endosomal marker CD63, which was enriched on vesicles within these structures and incorporated into the envelope of budding virions. The virus-containing vacuoles were also labeled with antibodies against LAMP-1, CD81, and CD82, which were also incorporated into the viral envelope. To assess the cellular source of infectious viruses derived from MDM, virus-containing media from infected cells were precipitated with specific antibodies. Only antibodies against antigens found in late endosomes precipitated infectious virus, whereas antibodies against proteins located primarily on the cell surface did not. Our data indicate that most of the infectious HIV produced by primary macrophages is assembled on late endocytic membranes and acquires antigens characteristic of this compartment. This notion has significant implications for understanding the biology of HIV and its cell–cell transmission.