Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Follow-up of women with inadequate Pap smears: a prospective cohort study

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Inadequate Pap smears do not provide satisfactory cell samples for evaluation, thus making it more difficult to detect cervical cytological abnormalities. The objective of this study was to determine the cytological and histological follow-up results from women with inadequate smear reports in primary healthcare centers in Santiago, Chile 2010-2011. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study at primary healthcare clinics in Santiago, Chile. METHODS: The population was taken from the “Cito-Expert” database of 2010. The data were then organized according to the cytological and histological follow-up results of 2,547 women with inadequate cervical cytological reports over the 12-month period. The samples were assigned to groups based on the cause of inadequacy (smears with endocervical cells alone; insufficient, hemorrhagic, inflammatory or poorly fixed samples; insufficient and hemorrhagic samples; or insufficient and inflammatory specimens). The data were analyzed using the “conditional probability tree diagram” and descriptive statistics. RESULT: Half of the women (n = 1,285) met the requirements of the Ministry of Health for repeating these inadequate smears, and 1,104 of these women had normal cytological results (85.9%). The detection rate for cervical lesions according to group ranged from 0% (smears with endocervical cells alone or insufficient and hemorrhagic specimens) to 4.1% (poor fixation). CONCLUSION: The large proportion of normal results justifies revision of the current clinical guidelines. The results showed that it is not necessary to repeat the Pap test early on, with the exception of inadequate hemorrhagic and inflammatory cytological results.
Interreligious dialogue in schools: beyond asymmetry and categorisation?

Interreligious dialogue is a central objective in European and UNESCO policy and research documents, in which educational institutions are seen as central places for dialogue. In this article, we discuss this type of dialogue under the conditions of asymmetry and categorisation in two Finnish schools. Finnish education has often been lauded for its successful implementation of equity and equality by the thousands of ‘pedagogical tourists’ who visit the country's schools to witness the so-called miracle of Finnish education due to Finland's excellent results in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) study. Through theoretically informed reading of ethnographic data, we examine how Self and Other are constructed in everyday encounters in school and how religions, religious groups and individuals become regarded as Others. We also ask whether the aims of interreligious dialogue in schools represent a viable way to learn about each other and to increase mutual understanding. The theoretical and methodological approaches derive from post-colonial, post-structural and related feminist theories as well as from recent research on intercultural education and communication.
Mechanism of BAG1 repair on Parkinson’s disease-linked DJ1 mutation

Mutant oncogene DJ1 L166P has been linked to a familial form of early-onset Parkinson’s disease (PD). The DJ1 mutant deformed C-terminal helices and prevented the formation of a functional DJ1 dimer. Intriguingly, chaperon modulator, BCL2-associated athanogene (BAG1), has been shown to repair DJ1 mutant and restore its functions. Molecular simulation techniques were employed to elucidate protein–protein interactions between BAG1 and DJ1. Interaction of BAG1 with DJ1 showed recovery of disrupted alpha helix structures and H-bonds stabilizing the functional site Cys106. The His126-Pro184 H-bond (hydrogen-bond) critical to maintaining dimer interfaces was also restored and led to the restoration of dimer formation. High conformational to functional DJ1 dimer was confirmed root mean square deviation = 0.74 Å). Results of this suggest several molecular insights on BAG1–DJ1 repair mechanism and may have an impact on advancing PD treatments.
Parameterized heuristics for project scheduling: Biased random sampling methods

: The resource-constrained project scheduling problem is notoriously intractable. Due to its complexity, the majority of algorithms are heuristics, of which priority rule-based methods constitute the most important class. Of these, parameterized biased random sampling methods outperform all other priority rule-based methods known. Different random sampling schemes have been proposed; of these the regret-based scheme (RBRS) of Drexl (1991) is currently the best-performing one. Yet, careful analysis reveals each of these schemes to possess some immanent flaw whose effects may lead to significant distortions of the scheduling process. Thus, we propose some new sampling schemes, completely avoiding some of the effects while grossly reducing others. We discuss a comprehensive experimental evaluation of both classical and new schemes; in addition, we substantially extend the analysis on serial and parallel scheduling heuristics of Kolisch (1996b). Our results indicate that some of the new schemes offer significant improvements over existing sampling algorithms, the best-performing one improving upon the RBRS by more than ten percent. Also, we expose detailed insight into which parameter settings are the most beneficial for different algorithmic schemes.
Bases of Representations of Type A Affine Lie Algebras via Quiver Varieties and Statistical Mechanics

We relate two apparently different bases in the representations of affine Lie algebras of type A: one arising from statistical mechanics, the other from gauge theory. We show that the two are governed by the same combinatorics and therefore can be viewed as identical. In particular, we are able to give an alternative and much simpler geometric proof of a result of E. Date, M. Jimbo, A. Kuniba, T. Miwa and M. Okado on the construction of bases of affine Lie algebra representations. At the same time, we give a simple parametrization of the irreducible components of Nakajima quiver varieties associated to infinite and cyclic quivers. We also define new varieties whose irreducible components are in one-to-one correspondence with bases of the highest weight representations of affine gl_{n+1}.
Angiographical Extravasation of Contrast Medium in Hemorrhagic Infarction Case Report

Leakage of the contrast medium was noted on angiograms of a patient whose autopsied brain disclosed typical pathological findings of hemorrhagic infarction. The case was a 63-year-old woman with mitral valve failure, who suddenly had loss of consciousness and right-sided hemiplegia. The left carotid angiography performed six hours after onset demonstrated middle cerebral arterial axis occlusion, and the second angiography performed three days after onset displayed recanalization of the initially occluded artery as well as extravasation of the contrast medium. Fourteen days after onset the patient died and an autopsy was performed. The brain demonstrated perivascular punctate hemorrhages in the area supplied by the middle cerebral artery, and neither hematoma nor microaneurysm was disclosed pathologically. A short discussion is given on the possible relationship between recanalization and hemorrhagic infarction. The clinical assessment of hemorrhagic infarction has not been established successfully.
Five Fraction Image-Guided Radiosurgery for Primary and Recurrent Meningiomas

Purpose: Benign tumors that arise from the meninges can be difficult to treat due to their potentially large size and proximity to critical structures such as cranial nerves and sinuses. Single fraction radiosurgery may increase the risk of symptomatic peritumoral edema. In this study, we report our results on the efficacy and safety of five fraction image-guided radiosurgery for benign meningiomas. Materials/Methods: Clinical and radiographic data from 38 patients treated with five fraction radiosurgery were reviewed retrospectively. Mean tumor volume was 3.83 mm3 (range, 1.08–20.79 mm3). Radiation was delivered using the CyberKnife, a frameless robotic image-guided radiosurgery system with a median total dose of 25 Gy (range, 25–35 Gy). Results: The median follow-up was 20 months. Acute toxicity was minimal with eight patients (21%) requiring a short course of steroids for headache at the end of treatment. Pre-treatment neurological symptoms were present in 24 patients (63.2%). Post treatment, neurological symptoms resolved completely in 14 patients (58.3%), and were persistent in eight patients (33.3%). There were no local failures, 24 tumors remained stable (64%) and 14 regressed (36%). Pre-treatment peritumoral edema was observed in five patients (13.2%). Post-treatment asymptomatic peritumoral edema developed in five additional patients (13.2%). On multivariate analysis, pre-treatment peritumoral edema and location adjacent to a large vein were significant risk factors for radiographic post-treatment edema (p = 0.001 and p = 0.026 respectively). Conclusion: These results suggest that five fraction image-guided radiosurgery is well tolerated with a response rate for neurologic symptoms that is similar to other standard treatment options. Rates of peritumoral edema and new cranial nerve deficits following five fraction radiosurgery were low. Longer follow-up is required to validate the safety and long-term effectiveness of this treatment approach.
Selective expression of mutant huntingtin during development recapitulates characteristic features of Huntington’s disease

Significance Research initiatives in Huntington’s disease (HD) have traditionally focused on defining the biological processes mediating neuronal dysfunction and death during adult life. In contrast to these classical approaches, we have shown that selective exposure to the pathogenic protein during development recapitulates characteristic features of HD. These findings support the hypothesis that putative HD-associated developmental impairments in neurogenesis contribute to regional cellular vulnerabilities to late-life stressors leading to dysfunction culminating in cell death. An implication of our findings is that the spectrum of developmental alterations can be held in check for many decades after the birth of these vulnerable neuronal subtypes, thus defining a previously unidentified window for therapeutic interventions at a time when irreversible neural degeneration has not yet occurred. Recent studies have identified impairments in neural induction and in striatal and cortical neurogenesis in Huntington’s disease (HD) knock-in mouse models and associated embryonic stem cell lines. However, the potential role of these developmental alterations for HD pathogenesis and progression is currently unknown. To address this issue, we used BACHD:CAG-CreERT2 mice, which carry mutant huntingtin (mHtt) modified to harbor a floxed exon 1 containing the pathogenic polyglutamine expansion (Q97). Upon tamoxifen administration at postnatal day 21, the floxed mHtt-exon1 was removed and mHtt expression was terminated (Q97CRE). These conditional mice displayed similar profiles of impairments to those mice expressing mHtt throughout life: (i) striatal neurodegeneration, (ii) early vulnerability to NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity, (iii) impairments in motor coordination, (iv) temporally distinct abnormalities in striatal electrophysiological activity, and (v) altered corticostriatal functional connectivity and plasticity. These findings strongly suggest that developmental aberrations may play important roles in HD pathogenesis and progression.
Assessing Citizenship: Foundation, Identity, Place, and Obsolescence

This essay reviews four recent books whose inquiries are linked by an underlying concern for the health and future welfare of contemporary citizenship. Each work explores in detail a different dimension of citizenship. Terming these dimensions foundation, identity, place, and obsolescence, I locate among them a clear concern about the prospects for transformative civic action in modern states—specifically, a concern about the possibilities for citizens’ pursuit of their interests in the face of the erosion of a broadly shared public culture. I include an argument about the extent to which the persistence of participatory citizenship in an era of cultural atomism stands in question.
Investigate The Performance Evaluation of IPTV over WiMAX Networks

Deployment Video on Demand (VoD) over the next generation (WiMAX) has become one of the intense interest subjects in the research these days, and is expected to be the main revenue generators in the near future and the efficiency of video streaming over next generation 4G is the key to enabling this. We are considering video streaming for real time video was coded by different H.264. x codes (H.264/AVC, and SVC), and we consider an IP-Unicast to deliver this streaming video over WiMAX. Our approach investigates the performance evaluation of IPTV (VoD) over WiMAX networks. OPNET is used to investigate the performance of VoD over WiMAX. Results obtained from simulation indicate that SVC video codec is an appropriate video codec for video streaming over WiMAX.
Intracoastal shipping drives patterns of regional population expansion by an invasive marine invertebrate

Understanding the factors contributing to expansion of nonnative populations is a critical step toward accurate risk assessment and effective management of biological invasions. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted explicitly to test hypotheses regarding factors driving invasive spread by seeking correlations between patterns of vector movement and patterns of genetic connectivity. Herein, we describe such an attempt for the invasive tunicate Styela clava in the northeastern Pacific. We utilized microsatellite data to estimate gene flow between samples collected throughout the known range of S. clava in the region, and assessed correlation of these estimates with patterns of intracoastal commercial vessel traffic. Our results suggest that recent shipping patterns have contributed to the contemporary distribution of genetic variation. However, the analysis also indicates that other factors—including a complex invasion history and the influence of other vectors—have partially obscured genetic patterns associated with intracoastal population expansion.
Poverty and disabled households in the People’s Republic of China: experiences with a new rural health insurance scheme

This article discusses what in international literature has commonly been termed the ‘vicious circle’ of poverty and disability. Our aim is to shed light on recent policies that attempt to break the vicious circle in rural areas in the People’s Republic of China. Drawing on data produced from fieldwork conducted in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China, our approach is to explore experiences that households with people with disabilities have had with a newly implemented rural health insurance reform. The introduction of this reform is significant as lack of insurance and high healthcare expenses are currently perceived as crucial to causing poverty in rural China. We show that people with disabilities have been able to access this new insurance. At the same time, as currently practised, the new insurance does not prevent poor households from sinking deeper into poverty when using healthcare services as healthcare expenses increase.
Detection and Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli CTX-M-15 and Klebsiella pneumoniae SHV-12 β-Lactamases from Bovine Mastitis Isolates in the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT Recent reports raised concerns about the role that farm stock may play in the dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. This study characterized the ESBLs in two Escherichia coli and three Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae isolates from cases of clinical bovine mastitis in the United Kingdom. Bacterial culture and sensitivity testing of bovine mastitic milk samples identified Gram-negative cefpodoxime-resistant isolates, which were assessed for their ESBL phenotypes. Conjugation experiments and PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) were used for characterization of transferable plasmids. E. coli isolates belonged to sequence type 88 (ST88; determined by multilocus sequence typing) and carried blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1, while K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae isolates carried blaSHV-12 and blaTEM-1. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1 were carried on a conjugative plasmid in E. coli, and PBRT identified this to be an IncI1 plasmid. The resistance genes were nontransferable in K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae isolates. Moreover, in the E. coli isolates, an association of ISEcp1 and IS26 with blaCTX-M-15 was found where the IS26 element was inserted upstream of both ISEcp1 and the blaCTX-M promoter, a genetic arrangement highly similar to that described in some United Kingdom human isolates. We report the first cases in Europe of bovine mastitis due to E. coli CTX-M-15 and also of bovine mastitis due to K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae SHV-12 β-lactamases in the United Kingdom. We also describe the genetic environment of blaCTX-M-15 and highlight the role that IncI1 plasmids may play in the spread and dissemination of ESBL genes, which have been described in both human and cattle isolates.
Sex Differences in the Stress-Induced Release of Acetylcholine in the Hippocampus and Corticosterone from the Adrenal Cortex in Rats

To assess sex differences in stress-induced acetylcholine (ACh) release in the hippocampus and corticosterone (CS) release from the adrenal cortex, an in vivo microdialysis study was performed in intact male (n = 6) and cycling female (diestrus 1, n = 5; proestrus, n = 6) rats. Dialysates and blood samples were taken from 11.00 to 16.00 h in freely moving rats, but restraint stress was applied from 12.00 to 13.00 h. Basal ACh release in the hippocampus was low without significant differences between groups. Although ACh release promptly increased with the onset of restraint stress in both sexes, the magnitude of the increase in males was significantly greater than in female rats during diestrus and proestrus (p < 0.01). Basal serum CS concentrations were significantly greater in proestrus than in diestrus (p < 0.01) or in male rats (p < 0.01). Serum CS concentrations significantly increased at the onset of restraint stress in both sexes (p < 0.01), but the magnitude of the increase was significantly greater in female than in male rats (p < 0.01). These results indicate that sex and/or gonadal steroid environment can affect the stress-induced ACh release in the hippocampus and CS release from the adrenal cortex.
Genetic and Environmental Factors Affecting Mating Type Frequency in Natural Isolates of Tetrahymena thermophila

Abstract In Tetrahymena thermophila mating type alleles specify temperature sensitive frequency distributions of multiple mating types. A-like alleles specify mating types I, II, III, V and VI, whereas B-like alleles specify mating types II through VII. We have characterized the mating type distributions specified by several A- and B-like genotypes segregated by genomic exclusion from cells isolated from a pond in northwestern Pennsylvania. The B-like genotypes are alike in specifying very low frequencies of mating type III, but differ with respect to the frequencies of other mating types, particularly II and VII. An A-like genotype specifies a high frequency of mating type III and is unstable in successive generations for the expression of mating type II, suggesting a possible modifier. Inter se crosses performed at 18 °C, 28 °C and 34 °C showed that each genotype specifies a frequency distribution that is uniquely affected by temperature. No mating type was affected the same way by temperature in all genotypes. In A/B heterozygotes, the B-like genotype exhibited partial dominance. The genotypes described here differ significantly from previously described genotypes from the same pond, indicating that there are numerous mating type alleles. For frequency-dependent selection to equalize mating type frequencies, it must act not only on complex multiple alleles but also on the response of mating type alleles to temperature.
A Robust Layered Control Syste For A Mobile Robot

--A new architecture for controlling mobile robots is described. Layers of control system are built to let the robot operate at increasing levels of competence. Layers are made up of asynchronous modules that communicate over low-bandwidth channels. Each module is an instance of a fairly simple computational machine. Higher-level layers can subsume the roles of lower levels by suppressing their outputs. However, lower levels continue to function as higher levels are added. The result is a robust and flexible robot control system. The system has been used to control a mobile robot wandering around unconstrained laboratory areas and computer machine rooms. Eventually it is intended to control a robot that wanders the office areas of our laboratory, building maps of its surroundings using an onboard arm to perform simple tasks.
Anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity in an animal model of the developing brain: mechanism and therapies

Children are being exposed to an increasingly greater variety of anesthetics with advances in pediatric and obstetric surgery. Recent animal and retrospective human data suggest that the general anesthetics commonly used in pediatric medicine could be damaging to the developing brain when used at clinical concentrations. In vivo primate and rodent models have shown that neonatal exposure to clinical concentrations of anesthetics causes neural apoptosis and long-term cognitive impairment. Many general anesthetics, such as isoflurane, sevoflurane, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, ketamine, propofol, and nitrous oxide, cause adverse changes in the neonatal rodent and primate brain. Animal and human data suggest an association between general anesthesia during the neonatal period and long-term cognitive impairment. Cohort studies involving humans have recently been started. The window of vulnerability to these neurotoxic effects of anesthetics is restricted to the period of synaptogenesis, also known as the “brain growth spurt” (BGS) period. To minimize the risk of neurodegeneration, it is necessary to study both the mechanism of neurotoxicity and preventative medicine. Neonatal anesthetic exposure affects many mechanisms of neurotoxicity. Mechanisms of anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity seem to involve altered expression of ligand-gated ion channels, disturbance of intracellular calcium homeostasis, and the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. Several agents reportedly help to prevent anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity, including hydrogen, melatonin, apocynin, and ketorolac, and should thus be co-administered with anesthetics. After anesthesia, only environmental enrichment can improve learning deficits due to anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity. Further studies of environmental enrichment (Wu et al., 2016) after anesthesia are necessary to develop preventative and therapeutic strategies for anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity.