Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Fame and Fortune: PageRank or Indegree?

Measures based on the Link Recommendation Assumption are hypothesised to help modern Web search engines rank ‘important, high quality’ pages ahead of relevant but less valuable pages and to reject ‘spam’. We tested these hypotheses using inlink counts and PageRank scores readily obtainable from search engines Google and Fast. We found that the average Google-reported PageRank of websites operated by Fortune 500 companies was approximately one point higher than the average for a large selection of companies. The same was true for Fortune Most Admired companies. A substantially bigger difference was observed in favour of companies with famous brands. Investigating less desirable biases, we found a one point bias toward technology companies, and a two point bias in favour of IT companies listed in the Wired 40. We found negligible bias in favour of US companies. Log of indegree was highly correlated with Google-reported PageRank scores, and just as effective when predicting desirable company attributes. Further, we found that PageRank scores for sites within a known spam network were no lower than would be expected on the basis of their indegree. We encounter no compelling evidence to support the use of PageRank over indegree.
Hexagons and interfaces in a vibrated granular layer

The order parameter model based on the parametric Ginzburg-Landau equation is used to describe high acceleration patterns in the vibrated layer of granular material. At large amplitude of driving both hexagons and interfaces emerge. Transverse instability, leading to the formation of {open_quotes}decorated{close_quotes} interfaces and labyrinthine patterns, is found. Additional subharmonic forcing leads to controlled interface motion. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
The Statistics of the MIMO Frequency selective Fading AWGN Channel Capacity

The classic problem of maximizing the information rate over parallel Gaussian independent subchannels with a limit on the total power leads to the elegant closed form water-filling solution. In the case of multi-input multi-output MIMO frequency selective channel the solution requires the derivation of the eigenvalue decomposition of the MIMO frequency response which, for every frequency bin, have generalized Wishart distribution. This paper shows the methodology used to derive the statistics of eigenvalues and eigenvectors and applies this methodology to the derivation of the average channel Capacity and of its characteristic function. The bound on the outage Capacity is then obtained using the characteristic function. Simple expressions are derived for the case of uncorrelated Rayleigh fading and for an arbitrary finite number of transmit and receive antennas.
Initial Validation of the Social Emotional Distress Survey–Secondary to Support Complete Mental Health Screening

Contemporary mental health assessment conceptualizations focus on both well-being and distress. This study presents initial validation information for the Social Emotional Distress Survey–Secondary (SEDS-S), which was designed for school-based complete mental health screening that employs brief self-report measures of well-being and distress. The SEDS-S structure was investigated using two independent samples of U.S. high school students (N = 3,780). Findings from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested a one-factor model of distress with good model fit. Path analyses revealed significant positive relations of the SEDS-S distress factor with symptoms of anxiety and depression, and a significant negative relation with life satisfaction and strengths scores. Future research directions and use in school-based screening applications are discussed.
Chemokines and central nervous system disorders

Chemokines and their receptors are large families of inflammatory molecules responsible for a number of biologic functions including the accumulation of leukocytes at tissue sites. Over the past 8 years, a number of studies have indicated a role for chemokines in the pathogenesis of CNS inflammatory diseases. This minireview provides a brief summary of our current knowledge of chemokines and CNS inflammatory diseases including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, virus-induced demyelinating diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, and central nervous system bacterial-induced diseases.
Five-year results of a cementless short-hip-stem prosthesis

Hip prosthesis stems with a short stem length and proximal fixation geometry support a bone-preserving and muscle-sparing implantation and should also allow for revision surgery with a standard hip stem. We present 250 prospectively documented clinical and radiological results from the Metha Short Hip Stem prosthesis (B. Braun-Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany) after an average follow-up of 4.9 years. The average patient age at surgery was 60 years. Indication for total hip replacement was primary osteoarthrosis (OA) (78% of patients), OA based on developmental dysplasia of the hip (16%), and other indications (6%). At the last follow-up, the average Harris Hip Score was 97 points. 85% of patients were very satisfied and 14% were satisfied after surgery, whereas 1% were dissatisfied. Pain according to the Visual Analogue Scale improved from 7.4 (min 1.6, max 9.5) pre-operatively to 0.23 (min 0, max 6.6). No joint dislocations occurred when predominantly using 28 mm and 32 mm prosthesis heads. Nine short-stems were revised: three after bacterial infections, two after primary via valsa with penetration of the femoral cortex two and three months after surgery, and three after early aseptic cases of loosening within the first year. A further nine osseously consolidated short-stems had to be replaced due to breakage of the modular titanium cone adapter after an average of 3.1 years (min 1.9, max 4.4). All surgical revisions were performed using primary standard stems. Without taking the material-related adapter failures into account, a five year Kaplan-Meier survival rate of 96.7% (95% confidence interval 93.4–98.3) was determined for the short-stem prostheses. There were no radiological signs of loosening in any of the short-stem prostheses at the last examination. Fine sclerotic lines were detected in Gruen's AP zones 1 (19%) and 2 (10.5%), individual hypertrophies in zone 3 (3.5%), fine seams in zones 4 (5.5%) and 5 (4%), without pedestal formations in zone 4, clear cancellous bone compressions in zone 6 (97.5%), as well as single fine scleroses (1.5%) and atrophies (2.5%) in zone 7. The mid-term clinical results with periprosthetic bone remodeling and without radiological signs of loosening confirm this metaphyseal short-stem treatment and fixation concept and the possibility of revision surgery using standard hip stems. Long-term results must be further observed on a prospective basis as part of this collective study.
African Development Bank Economic Research Working Paper Series Education Expenditures and School Enrolment in Africa: Illustrations from Nigeria and Other SANE Countries

Using panel data of African countries from 1990 to 2002, this paper studies the relationship between government expenditure on educ ation enrolments, with illustration from Nigeria and other SANE (South Africa, Algeria, Nigeria, and Egypt) countries at the primary and secondary school levels. The result s show that government expenditure on education has a positive and significant direct impact on primary and secondary education enrolment rates. Among the SANE, Nigeria has the greatest positive influence on increasing both primary and secondary education enrolment rates. The paper also finds that other policy interventions, such as consolidat ing and sustaining democracy, accelerating national income, and international com munity fulfilling its aid promises to Africa, can also be helpful in moving African count ries (including the SANE) toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). As such, highe r expenditure alone is not sufficient to achieve the MDGs or to attain higher quantum and quality of human capital. JOHN C. ANYANWU is Chief Research Economist, Development Research Department, African Development Bank, Temporary Relocation Agency, BP 323, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia, E-Mail: J.ANYANWU@AFDB.ORG ANDREW E. O. ERHIJAKPOR is Lecturer, Department of Accounting, Banking & Finance, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Nigeria E-Mail: erhijakpor@yahoo.com Comments are welcome; please send any communication directly to the authors. We thank Miss Lobna Bousrih, formerly of the Development Research Division, African Development Bank, for providing assistance in assembling the data.
The transition to psychosis: risk factors and brain changes

The term psychotic disorder refers to a collection of illnesses that have reality distortion at their centre. Their underlying neurobiology is not well understood, and the mechanisms by which the transition from an 'at-risk' mental state to a clinically defined 'case' occurs less so (Yung et al, 1996). This transitional period has a broad range of possible diagnostic and prognostic categories that include but are not limited to the more traditionally studied groups of disorders such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar disorders. Difficulties in researching and intervening at such an early stage of illness include problems in defining "caseness" for a single psychiatric disorder at first onset, the often confusing array of co-morbidity, the instability of diagnoses, the tendency for syndromes to change over time in a proportion of cases and the difficulty to distinguish symptoms from the normal range of experiences. Nonetheless, a bet-
Finding Low-rank Solutions to Matrix Problems, Efficiently and Provably

A rank-r matrix X \in R^{m x n} can be written as a product UV', where U \in R^{m x r} and V \in R^{n x r}. One could exploit this observation in optimization: e.g., consider the minimization of a convex function f(X) over rank-r matrices, where the scaffold of rank-r matrices is modeled via the factorization in U and V variables. Such heuristic has been widely used before for specific problem instances, where the solution sought is (approximately) low-rank. Though such parameterization reduces the number of variables and is more efficient in computational speed and memory requirement (of particular interest is the case r << min{m, n}), it comes at a cost: f(UV') becomes a non-convex function w.r. t. U and V. In this paper, we study such parameterization in optimization of generic convex f and focus on first-order, gradient descent algorithmic solutions. We propose an algorithm we call the Bi-Factored Gradient Descent (BFGD) algorithm, an efficient first-order method that operates on the U, V factors. We show that when f is smooth, BFGD has local sublinear convergence, and linear convergence when f is both smooth and strongly convex. Moreover, for several key applications, we provide simple and efficient initialization schemes that provide approximate solutions good enough for the above convergence results to hold.
MCMC-based estimation of Markov Switching ARMA–GARCH models

Regime switching models, especially Markov Switching (MS) models, are regarded as a promising way to capture nonlinearities in time series. Combining the elements of MS models with full Autoregressive Moving Average–Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARMA–GARCH) models poses severe difficulties for the computation of parameter estimators. Existing methods can become completely unfeasible due to the full path dependence of such models. In this article, we demonstrate how to overcome this problem. We formulate a full MS–ARMA–GARCH model and its Bayes estimator. This facilitates the use of Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods and allows us to develop an algorithm to compute the Bayes estimator of the regimes and parameters of our model. The approach is illustrated on simulated data and with returns from the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Our model is then compared to other approaches and clearly proves to be advantageous.
Critical Book Clubs: Reimagining Literature Reading and Response

Literature circles, or book clubs, are a long-standing pedagogical tradition designed to support students' reading and response to literature. However, critics of these student-led literature discussions have argued that this format can limit opportunities for students to engage meaningfully with political, social, and cultural issues. The purpose of this article is to provide readers with a framework for designing critical book clubs that support students' development as empowered readers and writers who critique the world around them and advocate for social change. Drawing on findings from a yearlong study in which third-grade students interrogated representations of disability, difference, and stereotypes, the authors describe a four-phase model for scaffolding critical book clubs, as well as instructional strategies for supporting students' navigation of new forms of critical interactions with texts and their peers.
The Implementation of Continuing Professional Development of Economics Teachers at State Senior High Schools in Semarang: Investigating the Constraints and Challenges

This research aims to analyze and investigate: (1) the extent in which the implementation of Continuing Professional Development of Economics Teachers at State Senior High Schools in Semarang; (2) barriers in implementing this program; (3) challenges in the futures when applying this program. This study is a descriptive qualitative research. Data were collected by questionnaires and interviews to teachers. There were around 27 economics teachers in Semarang as the subjects of this research. The results show that personal development by individual teacher and group of teachers in the teacher's association are more likely to be performed than personal development at a peer group. The major problem in this continuous development is the strict teaching hour. Moreover, the key challenges in the improvement of teaching profession is the way to optimize the role of teachers' association and the availability of information technology in aiming sustainable professional development.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis dan menginvestigasi 1) sejauh mana implementasi program Pengembangan Keprofesionalan Guru Berkelanjutan (PKGB) pada Guru Ekonomi Wilayah Semarang; 2) hambatan pelaksanaan program PKGB pada Guru Ekonomi SMA Negeri Wilayah Semarang; 3) tantangan ke depan pelaksanaan PKGB pada Guru Ekonomi Wilayah Semarang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data akan dilkukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara kepada guru. Adapun subyek penelitian ini adalah guru ekonomi wilayah Semarang yang berjumlah 27 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara individu pengembangan dilakukan kadang-kadang oleh guru, secara peer sesama guru bidang ekonomi jarang dilakukan sedangkan secara berkelompok melalui Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran juga dilakukan kadang-kadang. Hambatan utama yang dihadapi oleh guru dalam pengembangan keprofesionalan berkelanjutan adalah jam mengajar yang sangat padat. Tantangan yang ada dalam pengembangan profesi guru adalah bagaimana mengoptimalkan peranan MGMP, dan ketersediaan teknologi informasi guna pengembangan keprofesionalan berkelanjutan.
Examination of a Method for Increasing Adjustment to and Compliance With Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in Persons With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a serious medical condition that occurs during sleep and consists of episodes of complete (respiratory pauses) or partial obstruction (hypoventilation) of the upper airway. Approximately 80% of persons diagnosed with OSAS are prescribed nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) treatment, which has proven to be the treatment of choice for OSAS. However, noncompliance with CPAP treatment in OSAS patients is a widely recognized problem, and many persons refuse CPAP as a treatment option or fail to use it reliably. Investigations o f CPAP use in OSAS patients have generally found that nightly use averages less than five hours. Few interventions have been scientifically evaluated for improving CPAP compliance. The current study evaluated a method of introducing OSAS patients to CPAP prior to the administering CPAP titration in the laboratory. Participants in the treatment groups underwent a 30-minute CPAP habituation trial, with a range of pressures, prior to the polysomnography with CPAP. It was hypothesized that the participants who experienced CPAP habituation would have better sleep quality during CPAP, would be more likely to accept CPAP, and would use CPAP more on a nightly basis than control participants who experienced the usual laboratory procedures for introducing CPAP (CPAP education) to OSAS patients. There were no statistically significant differences for any of the dependent variables between participants who experienced CPAP habituation and participants who experienced CPAP education. Men were found to use CPAP 1.61 hours more on a nightly basis than women (p = .03). This difference is most likely attributable to severity, as men were observed to have an A+HI that was twice the observed A+HI of women participants. Overall, CPAP
Rubisco and Rubisco Activase Play an Important Role in the Biochemical Limitations of Photosynthesis in Rice, Wheat, and Maize under High Temperature and Water Deficit

To understand the effect of heat and drought on three major cereal crops, the physiological and biochemical (i.e., metabolic) factors affecting photosynthesis were examined in rice, wheat, and maize plants grown under long-term water deficit (WD), high temperature (HT) and the combination of both stresses (HT-WD). Diffusional limitations to photosynthesis prevailed under WD for the C3 species, rice and wheat. Conversely, biochemical limitations prevailed under WD for the C4 species, maize, under HT for all three species, and under HT-WD in rice and maize. These biochemical limitations to photosynthesis were associated with Rubisco activity that was highly impaired at HT and under HT-WD in the three species. Decreases in Rubisco activation were unrelated to the amount of Rubisco and Rubisco activase (Rca), but were probably caused by inhibition of Rca activity, as suggested by the mutual decrease and positive correlation between Rubisco activation state and the rate of electron transport. Decreased Rubisco activation at HT was associated with biochemical limitation of net CO2 assimilation rate (AN). Overall, the results highlight the importance of Rubisco as a target for improving the photosynthetic performance of these C3 (wheat and rice) and C4 (maize) cereal crops under increasingly variable and warmer climates.
Can we allow linear dependencies in the dictionary in the sparse synthesis framework?

Signal recovery from a given set of linear measurements using a sparsity prior has been a major subject of research in recent years. In this model, the signal is assumed to have a sparse representation under a given dictionary. Most of the work dealing with this subject has focused on the reconstruction of the signal's representation as the means for recovering the signal itself. This approach forced the dictionary to be of low coherence and with no linear dependencies between its columns. Recently, a series of contributions that focus on signal recovery using the analysis model find that linear dependencies in the analysis dictionary are in fact permitted and beneficial. In this paper we show theoretically that the same holds also for signal recovery in the synthesis case for the ℓ0-synthesis minimization problem. In addition, we demonstrate empirically the relevance of our conclusions for recovering the signal using an ℓ1-relaxation.
Social class and coronary disease in rural population of north India. The Indian Social Class and Heart Survey.

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the association of socio-economic status with prevalence of coronary artery disease and coronary risk factors. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional survey in two randomly selected villages in the Moradabad district in North India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One thousand seven hundred and sixty-seven subjects (894 males and 875 females; 25-64 years of age) were randomly selected from two villages. They were divided into social classes 1 to 4, according to education, occupation, housing conditions, ownership of land, ownership of consumer durables and per capita income. The survey was based on questionnaires administered by dietitians and physicians, physical examination and electrocardiography. RESULTS Social classes 1 and 2 were mainly high and middle socio-economic groups and 3 and 4 low income groups. The prevalence of coronary artery disease was significantly higher among classes 1 and 2 in both sexes, and there was a higher prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, and sedentary lifestyle. This population also showed a significant association with higher serum cholesterol, body mass index, triglycerides and blood pressures. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age showed that social class positively related to coronary disease (odds ratio: men 0.83, women 0.61), hypercholesterolaemia (men 0.85, women 0.87), hypertension (men 0.89, women 0.87), body mass index (men 0.91, women 0.93) and smoking in men (0.68). Smoking and sedentary lifestyle were not associated with social class in women. The association between coronary artery disease and social class abated after adjustment for smoking, sedentary lifestyle, body mass index and blood pressure (odds ratio: men 0.96, women 0.81). CONCLUSION Subjects in social classes 1 and 2 in rural North India have a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease and of the coronary risk factors hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, higher body mass index and sedentary lifestyle. The overall prevalence of coronary artery disease was 3.3%.
Turn the Other Cheek: HBCU Students' Reaction to Collegiate Bullying

Researchers have considered bullying in the workplace and in primary and secondary education (Björkqvist, Österman, & Hjelt-Bäck, 1994; Branch, Ramsay, & Barker, 2013; Cowan, 2012; Duffy & Sperry, 2007; Fritz, 2014; Hollis, 2016a; Junger-Tas, 1999; Liefooghe, 2010; Zabrodska & Kveton, 2013). However, few studies have considered collegiate-level bullying, though Walser deLara (2016) reported that bullying trauma from childhood extends past grade school through adulthood. Further, there are no studies that consider how HBCU (Historical Black Colleges and Universities) students deal with collegiate level bullying. Therefore, this study examined first-year HBCU students' reaction to bullying by utilizing the ASCA (American School Counselor Association) model to consider student behaviors. The findings revealed that 47.27% of students rely on parental support and 85.71% of students walk away in reaction to bullying. Further, the Chi-Square analysis shows no difference who men and women at HBCUs seek for support.