Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CORE NETWORKS, SOCIAL ISOLATION, AND NEW MEDIA

Evidence from the US General Social Surveys (GSS) suggests that during the past 20 years, people have become increasingly socially isolated and their core discussion networks have become smaller and less diverse. One explanation offered for this trend is the use of mobile phones and the Internet. This study reports on the findings of a 2008 survey that replicates and expands on the GSS network methodology to explore the relationship between the use of new technologies and the size and diversity of core networks. The findings conflict with the results of the 2004 GSS, i.e. we find that social isolation has not increased since 1985. However, the current study supports the conclusions that the size of core networks has declined and the number of nonkin in core networks has diminished. Mobile phone and Internet use, especially specific uses of social media, were found to have a positive relationship to network size and diversity. In discussing these trends, we speculate that specific social media provide for a ‘pervasive awareness’ within personal networks that has increased the specialization of close ties. We argue that this same pervasive awareness provides for heightened surveillance of network members, the result of which is a higher level of perceived diversity within networks based on metrics that include political affiliation.
A bHLH transcription factor, DvIVS, is involved in regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in dahlia (Dahlia variabilis)

Dahlias (Dahlia variabilis) exhibit a wide range of flower colours because of accumulation of anthocyanin and other flavonoids in their ray florets. Two lateral mutants were used that spontaneously occurred in ‘Michael J’ (MJW) which has yellow ray florets with orange variegation. MJOr, a bud mutant producing completely orange ray florets, accumulates anthocyanins, flavones, and butein, and MJY, another mutant producing completely yellow ray florets, accumulates flavones and butein. Reverse transcription–PCR analysis showed that expression of chalcone synthase 1 (DvCHS1), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (DvF3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DvDFR), anthocyanidin synthase (DvANS), and DvIVS encoding a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor were suppressed, whereas that of chalcone isomerase (DvCHI) and DvCHS2, another CHS with 69% nucleotide identity with DvCHS1, was not suppressed in the yellow ray florets of MJY. A 5.4 kb CACTA superfamily transposable element, transposable element of Dahlia variabilis 1 (Tdv1), was found in the fourth intron of the DvIVS gene of MJW and MJY, and footprints of Tdv1 were detected in the variegated flowers of MJW. It is shown that only one type of DvIVS gene was expressed in MJOr, whereas these plants are likely to have three types of the DvIVS gene. On the basis of these results, the mechanism regulating the formation of orange and yellow ray florets in dahlia is discussed.
Low-temperature specific heat of PdPb2.

We have measured the low-temperature specific heat in a single crystal of Pd${\mathrm{Pb}}_{2}$ in the normal and superconducting states. The normal-state data allow us to determine the coefficient of the electronic specific term $\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.2$ mJ/g-at. ${\mathrm{K}}^{2}$, and the Debye temperature ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{D}=147$ K. The electronic specific heat in the superconducting state follows exponential behavior $\frac{{C}_{\mathrm{es}}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}{T}_{c}}=11.53\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}1.42\frac{{T}_{c}}{T})$ in the temperature range investigated. The data suggest that Pd${\mathrm{Pb}}_{2}$ is a weak-coupling superconductor with a high value of the pairing potential.
Neurocognitive Symptoms and Impairment in an HIV Community Clinic

Background: Neurocognitive impairment is a frequent complication of HIV infection and heralds a poor survival prognosis. With the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), survival times for HIV-infected patients have markedly increased although the effects of HAART on the prevalence of neurocognitive impairment remain uncertain. Objective: To determine the relationship between self-reported neurocognitive symptoms and neuropsychological (NP) performance together with the impact of HAART among HIV-infected patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in which patients without previously documented neurocognitive impairment attending an HIV community clinic were questioned about neurocognitive symptoms and a NP test battery was administered. Results: Of the eighty-three patients examined, neurocognitive symptoms were reported by 34% of patients and were associated with a shorter duration of HAART and higher viral loads. Patients reporting neurocognitive symptoms were also more likely to exhibit impaired NP performance (p<0.005) with NP impairment being detected in 46% of all patients examined (12% with HIV-associated dementia). Neuropsychological impairment was directly correlated with age (p<0.001), plasma viral load (p<0.005) and inversely correlated with the number of prescribed antiretroviral drugs (p<0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that neurocognitive symptoms are predictive of impaired NP performance and that NP impairment remains a frequent finding among older patients with higher viral loads. An increased number of antiretroviral drugs may be neuroprotective.
Being All Things to All Customers: Building Reputation in an Institutionalized Field

This paper seeks to draw empirical attention to the relationship between legitimacy and reputation in institutionalized fields. Norwegian hospitals find themselves in a strongly institutionalized field and do not want to differentiate from each other, despite seeking a favorable reputation. In order to acquire insights into the conditions that prompt organizations to reject differentiation, we carried out qualitative interviews with the hospitals’ communication directors. Three sets of justifications for not differentiating emerged from an inductive analysis of these interviews. Differentiation is not adapted to the universalistic needs of the hospitals, not in accordance with solidarity norms, and not a pragmatic solution. The analysis suggests that the hospitals face a trade-off between the contradictory demands of similarity and difference and hence legitimacy and reputation: They renounce the advantage of a unique reputation (i.e. competitive advantage) in order to retain the benefits of conformity (i.e. legitimacy). Implications of these findings for our understanding of the relative salience of legitimacy and reputation and the dynamics between them are discussed.
Joint Optimization of Transceiver Matrices for MIMO-Aided Multiuser AF Relay Networks: Improving the QoS in the Presence of CSI Errors

This paper addresses the problem of amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) multiuser relay networks, where each source transmits multiple data streams to its corresponding destination with the assistance of multiple relays. Assuming realistic imperfect channel state information (CSI) of all the source-relay and relay-destination links, we propose a robust optimization framework for the joint design of the source transmit precoders (TPCs), relay AF matrices and receive filters. Specifically, two well-known CSI error models are considered, namely, the statistical and the norm-bounded error models. We commence by considering the problem of minimizing the maximum per-stream mean square error (MSE) subject to the source and relay power constraints (min-max problem). Then, the statistically robust and worst-case robust versions of this problem, which take into account the statistical and norm-bounded CSI errors, respectively, are formulated. Both of the resultant optimization problems are nonconvex (semi-infinite in the worst-case robust design). Therefore, algorithmic solutions having proven convergence and tractable complexity are proposed by resorting to the iterative block coordinate update approach along with matrix transformation and convex conic optimization techniques. We then consider the problem of minimizing the maximum per-relay power subject to the quality-of-service (QoS) constraints for each stream and the source power constraints (QoS problem). Specifically, an efficient initial feasibility search algorithm is proposed based on the relationship between the feasibility check and the min-max problems. Our simulation results show that the proposed joint transceiver design is capable of achieving improved robustness against different types of CSI errors when compared with nonrobust approaches.
The Exploration of Identity, Relationships, and Health in Adult Men

Title of Document: THE EXPLORATION OF IDENTITY, RELATIONSHIPS, AND HEALTH IN ADULT MEN Kevin James McGann, Master of Arts, 2008 Directed By: Professor Mary Ann Hoffman, Ph.D. Counseling and Personnel Services The current study is an investigation of health, sexuality, and relationship attachment in adult men. Drawing on the sexual identity literature and the body of work on men who have sex with men (MSM), predictions were made about level of congruence between self-defined sexual orientation and self-reported sexual thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. One thousand male graduate students from a large, Mid-Atlantic university were emailed a web survey containing questionnaires asking about their experiences in close relationships, aspects of their sexuality, and their levels of depression. The return rate was only 10%, and the final sample consisted of 99 male graduate students. The hypotheses predicting that congruence would predict better health outcomes were carried out using one-way ANOVAS, and were not supported. Potential reasons for this are given, along with suggestions for clinical practice with adult men and areas for future research. THE EXPLORATION OF IDENTITY, RELATIONSHIPS, AND HEALTH IN ADULT MEN
High-Quality-Factor and Low-Temperature-Dependence SMR FBAR Based on BST Using MOD Method

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and experimental evaluation of switchable and tunable thin-film bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators and filters with metal-organic solution deposited barium strontium titanate (BST) for radio-frequency (RF) applications. The switchability and tunability of these devices come from utilizing the electrostrictive effect of ferroelectric materials such as BST with the application of an external dc bias voltage. The BAW resonators and filters in this paper were fabricated on a high-resistivity silicon substrate as a solidly mounted resonator structure with eight layers of silicon dioxide and tantalum pentoxide as a Bragg reflector. A 170-nm BST thin-film thickness with Br/Sr (70/30) composition was deposited using the metal-organic deposition solution chemical technique. The measurements of the RF transmission characteristics showed no resonance (OFF state) with zero bias voltage across the terminals of the resonator. At nonzero applied bias, a switching response (ON state) was observed at near 5.44 GHz. With the increasing magnitude of the applied bias across the film, the resonance increased in intensity by showing a quality factor of 746 and shifted to a lower frequency of 5.375 GHz with a tunability of 1.3%. The temperature dependence of the fabricated device was measured from room temperature up to 80 °C and showed a temperature coefficient of frequency of −12.595 ppm/°C.
Religiosity and the Volatility of Stock Prices: A Cross-Country Analysis

Abstract Prior research argues that religiosity increases the ethical behavior and levels of risk aversion of firm managers. To the extent that this is true, more religious countries might exhibit more stability in stock prices. This study tests this assertion by determining whether religiosity in countries is negatively associated with volatility in financial markets. Using a unique empirical design, we account for the possibility that the structure of financial markets is endogenously related to a country’s religiosity by examining the volatility of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) while conditioning on a number of home country variables capturing religiosity. We also control for the possibility of endogeneity bias by identifying an appropriate instrumental variable. Interestingly, our tests show that religious affiliation and, to a lesser extent, religious adherence and religious beliefs negatively affect the level of ADR volatility.
Markers of Postmatch Fatigue in Professional Rugby League Players

McLellan, CP, Lovell, DI, and Gass, GC. Markers of postmatch fatigue in professional rugby league players. J Strength Cond Res 25(4): 1030-1039, 2011-The aim of the present study was to identify neuromuscular, biochemical, and endocrine markers of fatigue after Rugby League match play. Seventeen elite Rugby League players were monitored for a single match. Peak rate of force development (PRFD), peak power (PP), and peak force (PF) were measured during a countermovement jump (CMJ) on a force plate pre and postmatch play. Saliva and blood samples were collected 24 hours prematch, 30 minutes prematch, 30 minutes postmatch, and then at 24-hour intervals for a period of 120 hours to determine plasma creatine kinase concentration ([CK]) and salivary cortisol concentration ([sCort]). There were significant (p < 0.05) decreases in PRFD and PP up to 24 hours postmatch with PF significantly (p < 0.05) decreased immediately postmatch. The [sCort] significantly (p < 0.05) increased from 24 hours prematch to 30 minutes prematch and up to 24 hours postmatch compared with 24 hours prematch. Plasma [CK] significantly (p < 0.05) increased 30 minutes postmatch with a peak occurring 24 hours postmatch and remained elevated above 24 hours prematch for at least 120 hours postmatch. There were significant (p < 0.05) correlations between the increase in [CK] and reduction in PRFD 30 minutes postmatch and 24 hours postmatch. The [sCort] was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the reduction in PF 30 minutes postmatch. Results demonstrate that neuromuscular function is compromised for up to 48 hours after match play. Elevated [CK] despite 120-hour recovery indicate that damage to muscle tissue after Rugby League match play may persist for at least 5 days postmatch. Despite the prolonged presence of elevated [CK] postmatch, strength training 48 hours postmatch may have resulted in a compensatory increase in PRFD supporting the inclusion of strength training during the short-term postmatch recovery period.
Sexual Harassment and its Impact for Women Officers and Cadets in the Swedish Armed Forces

We examined the incidence, dimensions, and impact of sexual harassment on women officers and cadets in the Swedish military (N = 324). We expected that harassment rates for direct measures would be lower than for indirect measures; hostile environment harassment would be more prevalent than quid pro quo harassment; and harassment would negatively influence women's job-related outcomes and their psychological and physical health. We found that harassment rates for direct measures were lower than indirect measures; hostile environment harassment was more prevalent than quid pro quo harassment; and harassment was associated with decreased job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work group effectiveness, and psychological and physical health. We discuss the theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of our findings for studying harassment across cultures.
Predicting Scientific Creativity: The Role of Adversity, Collaborations, and Work Strategies

There is little doubt that career experiences contribute to scientific achievement; however this relationship has yet to be thoroughly investigated in terms the effects on scientific creativity. In this study, a historiometric approach was used to examine 3 areas of adult career experiences common to scientific achievement. In doing so, prior theoretical work was used to identify career experiences relevant to scientific achievement, and 3 theoretical models were proposed to account for these experiences—adversity, collaborations, and work strategies. Biographies of eminent scientists were then content coded and analyzed. The results indicated that the adversity model did not predict scientific creativity. However, the work strategies model and, to some degree, the collaborations model showed some promise in understanding the development of creative potential in scientists. The nature of the significant relationships among the model components and scientific creativity are discussed in addition to their implications for the development of the creative potential of scientists.
Performance of 40-Gb/s DPSK Demodulator in SOI-Technology

A silicon-on-insulator delay interferometer manufactured in 4-mum rib waveguide technology is presented. The polarization-dependent frequency shift is tuned to a value as low as 0.4 GHz. Continuous-wave device performance and polarization-independent differential phase-shift keying demodulation performance in a 40-Gb/s testbed are demonstrated.
Organizational Culture, Change and Emotions: A Qualitative Study

Change triggers emotions as employees experience the processes and outcomes of organizational transformation. An organization's affective culture, which shapes the way emotions are experienced and expressed, plays a particularly important part during changes to the culture and other aspects of organizational life. This article contributes to the literature by illustrating the relationships between culture, change and emotions and presents the results of a qualitative study. The study found that when participants’ values were congruent with those of the organization, they tended to react to change more positively. Cultural change provoked emotional reactions, often of an intense nature. When emotions were acknowledged and treated with respect, people became more engaged with the change. Attitudes to existing culture also produced emotional responses to aspects of change.
Studies on Antiretroviral Drug Concentrations in Breast Milk: Validation of a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method for the Determination of 7 Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Medications

Studying the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs in breast milk has important implications for the health of both the mother and the infant, particularly in resource-poor countries. Breast milk is a highly complex biological matrix, yet it is necessary to develop and validate methods in this matrix, which simultaneously measure multiple analytes, as women may be taking any number of drug combinations to combat human immunodeficiency virus infection. Here, we report a novel extraction method coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for the accurate, precise, and specific measurement of 7 antiretroviral drugs currently prescribed to infected mothers. Using 200 μL of human breast milk, simultaneous quantification of lamivudine (3TC), stavudine (d4T), zidovudine (ZDV), nevirapine (NVP), nelfinavir (NFV), ritonavir, and lopinavir was validated over the range of 10-10,000 ng/mL. Intraday accuracy and precision for all analytes were 99.3% and 5.0 %, respectively. Interday accuracy and precision were 99.4 % and 7.8%, respectively. Cross-assay validation with UV detection was performed using clinical breast milk samples, and the results of the 2 assays were in good agreement (P = 0.0001, r = 0.97). Breast milk to plasma concentration ratios for the different antiretroviral drugs were determined as follows: 3TC = 2.96, d4T = 1.73, ZDV = 1.17, NVP = 0.82, and NFV = 0.21.
Time-Domain Parameter Extraction Method for Thévenin-Equivalent Circuit Battery Models

This paper presents an analytical time-domain-based parameter identification method for Thévenin-equivalent circuit-based lithium-ion battery models. The method is based on the analysis of voltage-relaxation characteristics of pulse discharge and pulse charge experiments, and the method can be used for both discharge and charge operation with any number of parallel resistor-capacitor branches. The use of the method is demonstrated for a second-order model and validated with a real-world duty cycle. Experimental results for a commercial lithium-ion battery module are presented.
Acute physiological responses to simulated games with different defensive formations in team handball: 6:0 versus man-to-man

Background and Aim: Although 6:0 and man-to-man defensive formations in team handball (TH) are widely used, there is little information with regard to their physiological impact. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the acute effect of two simulated games, one using 6:0 and the other man-to-man, on measures of neuromuscular performance in young TH players. Methods: Eleven TH field players (experience 4.3 ± 0.7 years, training 6.5 ± 1.6 h/week, age 15.1 ± 1.0 years, body mass 73.7 ± 9.7 kg, stature 177 ± 7 cm), all members of an academy of a first league club, played two 20-min simulated matches (separated by 2 weeks). They were tested before and after each match for handgrip strength (HS), squat jump (SJ) and 20-m sprint (0-10 m and 10-20 split time). Two-way ([prematch vs. postmatch] × [6:0 formation vs. man-to-man formation]) repeated measures analysis of variance examined differences. Results: We observed main effect of match on HS, 20 m sprint and 0-10 split time ( P ≤ 0.037, η2 ≥ 0.37), and of formation on 20 m sprint and 0-10 split time ( P ≤ 0.002, η2 ≥ 0.65). In addition, there was a significant interaction between match and defense formation on SJ and 20 m sprint ( P ≤ 0.047, η2 ≥ 0.34). The formation 6:0 and man-to-man resulted in similar mean (179.8 ± 7.2 vs. 180.0 ± 7.0 bpm) and peak heart rate (193.7 ± 4.6 vs. 196.0 ± 8.8 bpm). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the choice of a defensive formation in TH may result in different physiological responses that are associated with neuromuscular performance. Knowledge about the physiological impact of each formation can help coaches to optimize the use of the various formations during the game and to use them during training in order to elicit different physiological responses.
All Kids Are Our Kids: What Communities Must Do to Raise Caring and Responsible Children and Adolescents

Preface Introduction: From Peril to Possibility BRINGING OUT THE BEST IN ALL KIDS Developmental Assets: Forty Building Blocks of Human Development The State of Developmental Assets Among Youth ExtAnding Assets from Birth to Adulthood A Call to Action: Twelve Critical Culture Shifts WHAT WE ALL CAN DO Uniting Communities Around Youth: Seven Essential Goals From Planning to Harvest: Strategies for Growing a Healthy Community The Power of One: Engaging Individuals Crucibles of Care: Strengthening Families The First Ring of Support: Youth Serving Systems Uniting the Village: The Role of All Sectors in the Community Postcript-The Power of Communities Appendix A: Selected References for the Forty Developmental Assets Appendix B: Findings from the 1990-95 Assets Sample Appendix C: The Progression of Developmental Assets from Birth to Age 18.