Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combination Chemotherapy

therapeutic agents (Twentyman & Bleehen 1973b) and found that our results are the opposite of those recently reported by Barranco et al. (1973) and those mentioned by Dr Frei (1974). Thus they found that BLM was more active against plateau phase cells. However, our results with a different mammalian cell line (EMT6/CC) show the opposite effect, with plateau phase cells less sensitive than log phase cells. Barranco et al. (1973) also reported the same type of effect with BCNU. Our results show a similar trend, but with nowhere near the same quantitative advantage. These dissimilarities may possibly be explained by differences between the kinetic parameters of the two models (Twentyman & Bleehen 1973b) but one is led to question the value of extrapolating results from such a model to man. These are some results for single agents. When one looks at a combination of agents the situation is likely to become even more complex. I wish to quote one more example from our own work. Bleomycin is normally regarded as being nontoxic to the bone marrow and in the mouse one can confirm this using the spleen colony technique. As a single chemotherapeutic agent it is rather disappointing in clinical practice. For this reason it is being used increasingly clinically in combination with other drugs, on the basis that it may add some antitumour effect and will not be harmful to the marrow. However, it may be just in this situation, where another chemotherapeutic agent has damaged the marrow and caused stem cell proliferation, that BLM might cause permanent stem cell killing. We have demonstrated such an effect of BLM on the marrow from mice which have been treated with endotoxin one hour earlier in order to produce stem cell proliferation (Twentyman & Bleehen 1973a). Under these conditions there is very considerable stem cell killing caused by BLM. Does this mean that proliferating bone marrow will show a similar response in man? There are many such questions one could pose.
Functionally Distinct NEAT (NEAr Transporter) Domains within the Staphylococcus aureus IsdH/HarA Protein Extract Heme from Methemoglobin*

The pathogen Staphylococcus aureus uses iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) proteins to scavenge the essential nutrient iron from host hemoproteins. The IsdH protein (also known as HarA) is a receptor for hemoglobin (Hb), haptoglobin (Hp), and the Hb-Hp complex. It contains three NEAT (NEAr Transporter) domains: IsdHN1, IsdHN2, and IsdHN3. Here we show that they have different functions; IsdHN1 binds Hb and Hp, whereas IsdHN3 captures heme that is released from Hb. The staphylococcal IsdB protein also functions as an Hb receptor. Primary sequence homology to IsdH indicates that it will also employ functionally distinct NEAT domains to bind heme and Hb. We have used site-directed mutagenesis and surface plasmon resonance methods to localize the Hp and Hb binding surface on IsdHN1. High affinity binding to these structurally unrelated proteins requires residues located within a conserved aromatic motif that is positioned at the end of the β-barrel structure. Interestingly, this site is quite malleable, as other NEAT domains use it to bind heme. We also demonstrate that the IsdC NEAT domain can capture heme directly from Hb, suggesting that there are multiple pathways for heme transfer across the cell wall.
School engagement trajectories of immigrant youth

We examined behavioral school engagement trajectories of immigrant and non-immigrant early adolescents in relation to their academic achievement. Data were based on teacher judgments and school records. Students from immigrant families living in Greece and their non-immigrant classmates (N = 1057) were assessed over the three years of middle school (ages 13 to 15). Academic achievement influenced later school engagement more strongly than vice versa for both immigrant and non-immigrant students. Low achievement, being an immigrant student and social adversity were found to be risk factors for the initial level of behavioral engagement. An overall increase in students’ absenteeism over the course of the study was stronger for immigrant students. The immigrant status effect was due to immigrant students’ lower achievement. The results suggest that immigrant youth may disengage from school to protect themselves from academic failure. This would also be a plausible explanation for earlier findings that immigrant and non-immigrant students do not differ in psychological well-being, even though immigrant students have significantly lower academic achievement. Implications for interventions to promote academic achievement and to prevent disengagement in immigrant students are discussed.
Development of the Spatial Organization and Dynamics of Lateral Interactions in the Human Visual System

Psychophysical thresholds and neuronal responses for isolated stimuli are strongly modified by nearby stimuli in the visual field. We studied the orientation and position specificity of these contextual interactions using a dual-frequency visual-evoked potential technique in developing human infants and adults. One set of small, oriented stimulus elements (targets) was tagged with a temporal frequency f1 of 4.52 Hz. The addition of an abutting second set of similar patches (flankers) tagged at f2 = 2.58 Hz had three effects: (1) The flankers reduced the second and fourth harmonic responses to the targets. This reduction was independent of flanker orientation or position and age. (2) The response to the combination of targets and flankers also contained nonlinear interaction terms (1f1 ± 1f2) that were tuned for flanker orientation and position in adults, but only for flanker orientation in infants 8-31 weeks of age. (3) Nonlinear interaction terms recorded at 2f1 ± 2f2 were large and untuned for flanker orientation and position in adults but were nearly absent in the youngest infants. The three forms of nonlinear interaction, thus, have differences in sensitivity to flanker orientation and position and differential growth trends, indicating that they are generated by different mechanisms. These three forms of interaction could serve different functional roles. The first process provides a nonselective gain control that is fully functional in early infancy. The second process, which develops slowly, is selective for the specific form of the stimuli. The third process, which is also immature, pools across orientation.
The role of experiential knowledge within attitudes towards genetic carrier screening: A comparison of people with and without experience of spinal muscular atrophy

Autosomal recessive conditions, while individually rare, are a significant health burden with limited treatment options. Population carrier screening has been suggested as a means of tackling them. Little is known, however, about the attitudes of the general public towards such carrier screening and still less about the views of people living with candidate genetic diseases. Here, we focus on the role that such experience has on screening attitudes by comparing views towards screening of people with and without prior experience of the monogenetic disorder, Spinal Muscular Atrophy.
Antecedents and Effects of Perceived Therapist Credibility: A Meta-Analysis.

Published studies examining antecedents or effects (or both) of perceived therapist credibility were subjected to a meta-analytic review to test S. R. Strong's (1968) 2-phase model of interpersonal influence in counseling. Results conformed to the predictions of the model, with therapist credibility cues moderately related to credibility, and credibility strongly related to therapist influence. Cue type was a significant moderator of the relation between cues and credibility. Cue types were also differentially related to influence, but this relation was mediated by cue strength, or the relation of cues to credibility. Tests of differential reactivity among influence measures yielded equivocal results, as did tests of participant involvement as a moderator of the relation between cues and influence. It is suggested that a simple mediational model cannot fully account for the relations among cues, credibility, and influence.
Jewish Continuity and Change: Emerging Patterns in America

Imagine that you get such certain awesome experience and knowledge by only reading a book. How can? It seems to be greater when a book can be the best thing to discover. Books now will appear in printed and soft file collection. One of them is this book jewish continuity and change emerging patterns in america jewish political . It is so usual with the printed books. However, many people sometimes have no space to bring the book for them; this is why they can't read the book wherever they want.
Differential expression of unconventional myosins in apoptotic and regenerating chick hair cells confirms two regeneration mechanisms

Hair cells of the inner ear are damaged by intense noise, aging, and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Gentamicin causes oxidative damage to hair cells, inducing apoptosis. In mammals, hair cell loss results in a permanent deficit in hearing and balance. In contrast, avians can regenerate lost hair cells to restore auditory and vestibular function. This study examined the changes of myosin VI and myosin VIIa, two unconventional myosins that are critical for normal hair cell formation and function, during hair cell death and regeneration. During the late stages of apoptosis, damaged hair cells are ejected from the sensory epithelium. There was a 4–5‐fold increase in the labeling intensity of both myosins and a redistribution of myosin VI into the stereocilia bundle, concurrent with ejection. Two separate mechanisms were observed during hair cell regeneration. Proliferating supporting cells began DNA synthesis 60 hours after gentamicin treatment and peaked at 72 hours postgentamicin treatment. Some of these mitotically produced cells began to differentiate into hair cells at 108 hours after gentamicin (36 hours after bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) administration), as demonstrated by the colabeling of myosin VI and BrdU. Myosin VIIa was not expressed in the new hair cells until 120 hours after gentamicin. Moreover, a population of supporting cells expressed myosin VI at 78 hours after gentamicin treatment and myosin VIIa at 90 hours. These cells did not label for BrdU and differentiated far too early to be of mitotic origin, suggesting they arose by direct transdifferentiation of supporting cells into hair cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:691–701, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long-term outcomes following anterior tibialis tendon reconstruction with hamstring autograft in a series of 3 cases.

UNLABELLED Ruptures of the anterior tibialis tendon are uncommon, and there is a paucity of information regarding long-term ankle function following surgical reconstruction using hamstring autograft. In this case series, examinations were performed on 3 individuals who underwent anterior tibialis tendon reconstruction with hamstring autograft performed by the same surgeon. Two subjects were examined 8 years after reconstructive surgery, and 1 was examined at 5 years postoperative. Muscle strength and range of motion of subjects' ankles bilaterally were assessed using standard measures. The Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment and the modified Gait Abnormality Rating Scale were used to assess gait and balance. The information gathered from these 3 cases indicates that tibialis anterior strength and ankle range of motion can be maintained or improved years after anterior tibialis reconstruction with hamstring autograft, and these individuals have a low risk of falling long after the repair has healed. LEVEL OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE 4.
The Relationship between Language and Reading Skills in Bilingual Spanish‐English Speakers

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between first (L1) and second language (L2) oral language proficiency and reading skills in Spanish-English speakers. Eighty-five children with Spanish as their L1 were tested in first grade. Reading, phonological processing, and oral language processing were measured in English and Spanish. Reading and phonological processing were related both within and across languages. In both languages, reading and related skills and oral language proficiency formed three separate factors: (1) a reading factor; (2) an oral proficiency factor; and (3) an implicit phonological factor. However, English vocabulary and reading were related, suggesting that vocabulary knowledge supports partial phonological recoding skills in beginning readers. These findings suggest that measures of phonological processing in the child's L1 and/or L2 and oral vocabulary be included when screening children at risk for early reading difficulties.
Acorn harvesting by acorn woodpeckers: annual variation and comparison with genetic estimates

Questions: (1) How does the effort that birds invest in harvesting acorns, including the distance the acorns are moved – a key factor affecting population structure of the trees – covary with the size of the acorn crop? (2) How well are harvest patterns, previously inferred by indirect, genetic methods, matched by data from direct observations of harvesting? Organisms: The acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), a cooperatively breeding species that is highly dependent on acorns, which are stored in specialized storage trees known as granaries. Methods: We observed acorn harvesting over 4 years at Hastings Reservation in central coastal California, a period over which acorn crops varied considerably in size. Results: Birds harvested 94% of acorns from a small number of trees located within 150 m of their granary. The distances travelled by birds to harvest acorns and the number of trees from which acorns were harvested were both greater in a poor acorn year than when the crop was good. Birds did not necessarily prefer the species of acorn that was most abundant. The distance birds travelled to harvest acorns, harvesting overlap among groups, and the number of trees from which acorns were harvested generally matched the findings of Grivet et al. (2005), indicating that an indirect genetic approach can be effective when direct observation of seed dispersal is difficult.
Influence of Positive Affect upon Creative Thinking and Problem Solving in Children

A study was designed to assess whether positive affect may promote creativity and facilitate problem solving of children. The task used to measure creativity involved word generation. Subjects were presented a category name and asked to generate as many exemplars as possible. Duncker's (1945) candle task was used to assess problem-solving skills. Eighth grade students were randomly assigned to the Positive Affect or Neutral condition. A positive mood was induced in subjects in the Positive Affect condition by presenting compliments and gifts before the experimental session began. Subjects in the Neutral condition began the experiment without compliments or gifts. Subjects in the Positive Affect condition generated more exemplars for the categories and more unusual exemplars than did subjects in the Neutral condition. More subjects in the Positive Affect condition correctly solved the candle problem than did those in the Neutral condition. These results suggest that positive affect may promote creativity and facilitate problem solving by young adolescents.
Field-Dependent/Field-Independent Characteristics of Male and Female Basketball Players

Witkin, Dyk, Faterson, Goodenough, and Karp in 1962 suggested two polar extremes of perceptual ability, field dependence and field-independence, which were seen as relatively permanent personality characteristics. Rudin (1968) suggested a more general concept to explain Witkin's results which was designated “ego autonomy. ” Rudin demonstrated that field-independence was related to the ability to change perceptual set. Jones (1973) suggested that game players should be more field-independent than nongame players and be capable of shifting perceptual set. This study was designed to determine whether male and female basketball players were more field-independent than nonbasketball players and whether basketball players were capable of changing perceptual set. Analysis of data demonstrated that male and female basketball players were not significantly more field-independent than nonbasketball players. Among the male basketball players and the combined male basketball and nonbasketball players, the more field-independent subjects were able to change perceptual set. It was concluded that there may be consistent differences between males and females in ability to change perceptual set. Male basketball players' ability to change perceptual set may be related to the level of field-independence. The basketball players in this study were not more field-independent than nonbasketball players.
Examining the entrepreneurial attitudes of US business students

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the entrepreneurial attitudes of undergraduate students enrolled in the Small Business Institute® (SBI) program at multiple universities in the USA. Research has encouraged a continuous study and refinement of the entrepreneurial profile, particularly for young adults. Past studies have linked certain personality constructs and entrepreneurship, and shown a connection between entrepreneurial intentions and past business experience.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 216 students completed the entrepreneurial attitudes orientation (EAO) survey. The EAO provides a composite score based on four attitude subscales: achievement in business; innovation in business; perceived personal control of business outcomes; and perceived self‐esteem in business. In addition, participants were asked to provide demographic information and past entrepreneurial experience.Findings – Results indicated that the majority of students possessed entrepreneurial attitudes. Furthermore, both .
Procerus sign in progressive supranuclear palsy

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is characterized by vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, axial rigidity, akinesia, dysarthria, fronto-limbic dementia, and postural instability.1 A typical facial expression, described as “astonished,” “worried,” or “reptile-like,” has been described2; this peculiar expression, so common in PSP and different …
The prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization among homosexual men

This study examined the prevalence of unwanted sexual contacts among a sample of 310 homosexual men with an average age of 21.8 years recruited in Berlin, Germany. A modified version of the Sexual Experiences Survey was developed to record unwanted contacts involving different means of coercion, sexual acts, and victim‐perpetrator relationships. Reports were elicited about (a) sexual victimization and (b) perpetration of sexually aggressive acts. Three methods of victimization were studied: physical force, exploitation of the victim's incapacitated state, and verbal coercion. Of the 310 respondents, about 15% reported sexual victimization through the use or threat of forcé. Twenty percent were victimized through exploitation of their inability to offer resistance when in an incapacitated state. Ten percent reported victimization through verbal coercion. In terms of being the perpetrator of sexual aggression, over 5% of respondents reported using or threatening to use physical force. Over 16% reported exploiting a person's incapacitated state, and over 6% admitted to the use of verbal coercion. Acceptance of money for sex was identified as a risk factor for both victimization and perpetration. The data show that sexual aggression is a serious problem among homosexual men which requires further exploration.
Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Pregnancy: a Case Series of Seven Patients

Background: Appendicitis in the pregnant patient presents with diagnostic difficulties and more serious problems. Open surgery has its own limitations, mostly governed by the stage of the disease and the trimester of pregnancy. Laparoscopic appendectomy is beginning to be recognized as standard appendicitis treatment, as evidenced by several studies. In pregnancy, laparoscopy is even more controversial. Several studies prove the safety of laparoscopy and some studies disprove it. Methods: We have treated 7 patients in the last 10 years; 6 had acute appendicitis and 1 had a perforated appendix. Ultrasound diagnosed 5 patients, and CT scan identified the other 2 patients. The patient with the perforated appendix had free fluid in the right iliac fossa and pelvis. Laparoscopic appendectomy was done in all patients. Discussion: Pregnancy poses its own unique problems to the surgeon and anesthesiologist. The normal physiology becomes altered, and sound knowledge of this is necessary to handle these patients. Clinical presentation was mostly straightforward. Both ultrasound and CT scan were useful investigations. Conclusion: Most studies support the use of laparoscopy in the management of appendicitis. There was no mortality (for mother and fetus) or morbidity in our patients.
Indoor and Outdoor Activities of Aged Women and Men as Related to Depression and Well-Being

This article examines the relations between reported level of activity and measures of affect in old people, exploring possible sex differences. It was hypothesized that these relations are mediated by the satisfaction from the specific activity. The sample consisted of fifty-four women and forty-five men, ranging in age from sixty to eighty, functioning normally in the community. A questionnaire assessed participants' levels of indoor/outdoor activities. Participants rated their satisfaction for each of these activities. Negative affect was measured by Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale, and positive affect was measured by Bradburn's Weil-Being (Affect-Balance) Scale. For male respondents, results showed significant negative correlations between depression and both activities, and significant positive correlations with respect to well-being. Significant positive correlation was obtained only between well-being and outdoor activity for female respondents. When satisfaction from the specific activity was controlled for, only two correlations remained significant in the male participants, lending partial support to the hypothesis. A multiple regression analysis revealed reported levels of activity could predict both depression and well-being for men much better than for women, whereas satisfaction from activity could do that much better for women than for men. Discussion deals with the sex differences regarding the meaning of activity in old age and its implications for affect. The differentiation between kinds of activity as well as measures of affect is also referenced.