Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vasodepressor effects of exercise are accompanied by reduced circulating ouabainlike immunoreactivity and normalization of nitric oxide synthesis.

Our object was to evaluate the effects of regular mild exercise on blood pressure and on circulating level of ouabainlike factors (OLF) and of nitrate anion, an endproduct of nitric oxide (NO) in humans. We measured plasma ouabainlike immunoreactivity (OLI) and nitrate ions (NO3.) before and after mild exercise for 3 months' duration in 16 patients with essential hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, or hyperlipidemia. Plasma OLI was measured using an amplified ELISA system with anti-ouabain antibody and biotinyl-tyramide. Serum NO3. was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an anion-exchange column. With the reverse phase HPLC system with an octa decylsilyl silicagel column, the elution volume of plasma OLI of a healthy volunteer matched that of authentic ouabain in a gradient elution system of acetonitrile/H2O. Plasma OLI levels decreased significantly by about 34% after mild exercise, and NO3. levels tended to be within the reference interval in normal volunteers. Body weight, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride and acetylcholine esterase (a marker of the fatty liver) were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after 3 months of regular mild exercise. The plasma OLI level was significantly correlated with plasma NO3. , there was a trend toward a correlation with diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.06) before and after regular exercise. Regular mild exercise led to a decrease in plasma levels of OLI, and acetylcholine esterase activity and blood pressure in adult patients. Results suggest that changes in OLF production contribute to the blood pressure regulation seen in patients who exercise regularly.
Limits of the competition state? The cultural political economy of European labor migration policies

Labor migration has been revitalized as part of economic competition and growth strategies across Europe over the last decade. Scholars have framed policy changes towards more liberal recruitment as a turn towards ‘competition state’ and Schumpeterian innovation goals. This article evaluates the extent to which British, French and German labor admission policies are dominated by competition state logics. I apply a cultural political economy perspective, thereby substantiating this relatively new approach analytically and testing its usefulness for capturing the economic governance of labor migration. I argue that the highly selective arrangement of admissions – with regard to skill-level targeted, and causal, spatial, and operational foci of recruitment – creates a fragmented cultural political economy of labor migration. While competition state logics shape the economic imaginary of ‘high-skilled global labor competiveness’, rival logics dominate the imaginaries of ‘skilled national labor shortages’, and ‘lower skilled EU labor self-sufficiency’. Findings pinpoint limits of competition state theory in explaining contemporary labor migration policy. I demonstrate that semiotic and regulatory selectivity is a key remedy for coping with competing state projects and associated policy tensions. The political ordering of labor migration simultaneously entails amplification and silencing of competition state logics in policies.
Network-Based Meta-Analyses of Associations of Multiple Gene Expression Profiles with Bone Mineral Density Variations in Women

Background Existing microarray studies of bone mineral density (BMD) have been critical for understanding the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, and have identified a number of candidate genes. However, these studies were limited by their relatively small sample sizes and were usually analyzed individually. Here, we propose a novel network-based meta-analysis approach that combines data across six microarray studies to identify functional modules from human protein-protein interaction (PPI) data, and highlight several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and a functional module that may play an important role in BMD regulation in women. Methods Expression profiling studies were identified by searching PubMed, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and ArrayExpress. Two meta-analysis methods were applied across different gene expression profiling studies. The first, a nonparametric Fisher’s method, combined p-values from individual experiments to identify genes with large effect sizes. The second method combined effect sizes from individual datasets into a meta-effect size to gain a higher precision of effect size estimation across all datasets. Genes with Q test’s p-values < 0.05 or I2 values > 50% were assessed by a random effects model and the remainder by a fixed effects model. Using Fisher’s combined p-values, functional modules were identified through an integrated analysis of microarray data in the context of large protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Two previously published meta-analysis studies of genome-wide association (GWA) datasets were used to determine whether these module genes were genetically associated with BMD. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed with a hypergeometric test. Results Six gene expression datasets were identified, which included a total of 249 (129 high BMD and 120 low BMD) female subjects. Using a network-based meta-analysis, a consensus module containing 58 genes (nodes) and 83 edges was detected. Pathway enrichment analysis of the 58 module genes revealed that these genes were enriched in several important KEGG pathways including Osteoclast differentiation, B cell receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Chemokine signaling pathway and Insulin signaling pathway. The importance of module genes was replicated by demonstrating that most module genes were genetically associated with BMD in the GWAS data sets. Meta-analyses were performed at the individual gene level by combining p-values and effect sizes. Five candidate genes (ESR1, MAP3K3, PYGM, RAC1 and SYK) were identified based on gene expression meta-analysis, and their associations with BMD were also replicated by two BMD meta-analysis studies. Conclusions In summary, our network-based meta-analysis not only identified important differentially expressed genes but also discovered biologically meaningful functional modules for BMD determination. Our study may provide novel therapeutic targets for osteoporosis in women.
Human Cytomegalovirus Proteins pp65 and Immediate Early Protein 1 Are Common Targets for CD8+ T Cell Responses in Children with Congenital or Postnatal Human Cytomegalovirus Infection1

Recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara- and peptide-based IFN-γ ELISPOT assays were used to detect and measure human CMV (HCMV)-specific CD8+ T cell responses to the pp65 (UL83) and immediate early protein 1 (IE1; UL123) gene products in 16 HCMV-infected infants and children. Age at study ranged from birth to 2 years. HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells were detected in 14 (88%) of 16 children at frequencies ranging from 60 to >2000 spots/million PBMC. Responses were detected as early as 1 day of age in infants with documented congenital infection. Nine children responded to both pp65 and IE1, whereas responses to pp65 or IE1 alone were detected in three and two children, respectively. Regardless of the specificity of initial responses, IE1-specific responses predominated by 1 year of age. Changes in HCMV epitopes targeted by the CD8+ T cell responses were observed over time; epitopes commonly recognized by HLA-A2+ adults with latent HCMV infection did not fully account for responses detected in early childhood. Finally, the detection of HCMV-specific CD8+ T cell responses was temporally associated with a decrease in peripheral blood HCMV load. Taken altogether, these data demonstrate that the fetus and young infant can generate virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Changes observed in the protein and epitope-specificity of HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells over time are consistent with those observed after other primary viral infections. The temporal association between the detection of HCMV-specific CD8+ T cell responses and the reduction in blood HCMV load supports the importance of CD8+ T cells in controlling primary HCMV viremia.
Dealing with feelings: Positive and negative discrete emotions as mediators of news framing effects

Abstract The underlying psychological processes that enable framing effects are often described as cognitive. Yet, recent studies suggest that framing effects may also be mediated by emotional response. The role of specific emotions in mediating the framing effect process, however, has yet to be fully empirically investigated. In an experimental survey design (n = 161), this study tests two positive (enthusiasm and contentment) and two negative emotions (anger and fear) as mediators of framing effects. Our results show that while anger and enthusiasm mediate a framing effect, contentment and fear do not. These findings deepen our understanding of which discrete emotions are relevant when studying mediated framing effects.
Abnormal PcG protein expression in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Relation with E2F6 and NFκB transcription factors

The Polycomb group (PcG) of proteins comprises a family of repressors of homeobox genes that play key roles in body formation, haematopoiesis and cell cycle control. In this study, a large‐scale analysis of PcG protein expression (BMI1, MEL18, PH1, RNF2, RING1, and RYBP) was performed in 321 Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) biopsies and in reactive lymphoid tissues using tissue microarrays. The relevance of PcG proteins in HL was also investigated by the simultaneous analysis of PcG and other proteins involved in the control of cell cycle, transcription machinery and lymphoid differentiation. The analysis revealed increased expression of a set of PcG proteins (particularly RYBP and BMI1) in tumour cells in comparison with reactive lymphoid tissue. One of the most striking findings was anomalous RYBP expression in 55% of classical HL cases associated with an unfavourable response to treatment and shorter survival. The data obtained in this study also show an association of PcG proteins with E2F6 and NFκB transcription factors. The statistical relationship between PcG and NFκB activation was further explored in HL‐derived cell lines treated with curcumin, an NFκB inhibitor, and TNFα. Up‐ or downregulation of MEL18 was paralleled by loss or gain of activated NFκB, which suggests that NFκB may regulate expression of this protein. Investigation of the relationship between E2F6 and RING1 by immunofluorescence and confocal analysis, in HL cell lines and paraffin sections, revealed co‐expression of both proteins in the same tumour cells. These results allow us to propose that the formation of transcription complexes with E2F6 may modify the functional status of PcG proteins in HSR cells. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of poor performance in a national medical workforce over 11 years: an observational study

Background Poorly performing doctors are a source of harm but do not commonly feature in discussions of patient safety. Few countries have national mechanisms to deal with these doctors; most opt for suspension and/or exclusion from clinical practice. This study reports on the 11-year experience of dealing with concerns about doctors’ performance in the UK National Health Service (NHS). The aim of this study was to describe the frequency with which doctors were referred due to performance-related concerns, examine demographic and specialty differences, and identify the nature of the concerns prompting referral. Methods This observational study uses data collected by the National Clinical Assessment Service for each referral (n=6179 doctors) over an 11-year period (April 2001–March 2012) in England to examine the rate at which concerns about doctors’ performance occur, understand differences in rates between practitioner groups, and changes over time. Findings The annual referral rate was five per 1000 doctors (95% CI 4.6 to 5.4). Doctors whose first medical qualification was gained outside the UK were more than twice as likely to be referred as UK-qualified doctors; male doctors were more than twice as likely to be referred as women doctors; and doctors in the late stages of their career were nearly six times as likely to be referred as early career doctors. Discussion The UK holds a consistently collected national dataset on performance concerns about doctors. This allows risk groups to be identified so that preventive action and early intervention can be targeted most effectively to reduce harm to patients. A feature of past handling of poor clinical performance has been late presentation and a lack of thematic study of causation.
Cohort Effects on Suicide Rates: International Variations

Recently, the long observed pattern of a monotonic increase in suicide with age has shifted, often dramatically, because more recent birth cohorts have exhibited much higher suicide rates at younger ages than earlier cohorts have. These changes, however, did not occur in all countries. We examine cohort variations in suicide rates in 14 modern, western societies using an extension of the age-period-cohort characteristic model that incorporates hierarchical linear modeling. Results support a general Durkheimian perspective. Birth cohorts experiencing relatively less social integration and regulation, as measured by higher rates of nonmarital births and larger relative cohort size, have higher suicide rates than other cohorts. Societies that provide alternative sources of social integration and regulation, as through collectivist institutions or through greater support for families and children, moderate this tendency. On the other hand, when societies experience rapid social change, the relationship between decreased social integration and regulation and increased suicide rates is stronger, especially for males. These results have implications for stemming the increased suicide rates for youth observed in many contemporary societies.
Tournament Mobility: Career Patterns in a Corporation.

The data were put in manageable order by David Bruce's proficient programming, and the manuscript was improved by the comments of Chris Argyris, Donald Black, Scott Boorman, Burton Clark, Richard Hackman, Rosabeth Kanter, Melvin Kohn, W. Russell Neuman, Lee Rainwater, Albert J. Reiss, Frank Romo, and Barry Seltser to an earlier draft. Preparation of this paper was supported by the Manpower Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. Of course, the views presented here are those of the author.
Culture Media and Individual Hosts Affect the Recovery of Culturable Bacterial Diversity from Amphibian Skin

One current challenge in microbial ecology is elucidating the functional roles of the large diversity of free-living and host-associated bacteria identified by culture-independent molecular methods. Importantly, the characterization of this immense bacterial diversity will likely require merging data from culture-independent approaches with work on bacterial isolates in culture. Amphibian skin bacterial communities have become a recent focus of work in host-associated microbial systems due to the potential role of these skin bacteria in host defense against the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which is associated with global amphibian population declines and extinctions. As there is evidence that some skin bacteria may inhibit growth of Bd and prevent infection in some cases, there is interest in using these bacteria as probiotic therapy for conservation of at-risk amphibians. In this study, we used skin swabs from American toads (Anaxyrus americanus) to: (1) assess the diversity and community structure of culturable amphibian skin bacteria grown on high and low nutrient culture media, (2) determine which culture media recover the highest proportion of the total skin bacterial community of individual toads relative to culture-independent data, and (3) assess whether the plated communities from the distinct media types vary in their ability to inhibit Bd growth in in-vitro assays. Overall, we found that culture media with low nutrient concentrations facilitated the growth of more diverse bacterial taxa and grew distinct communities relative to media with higher nutrient concentrations. Use of low nutrient media also resulted in culturing proportionally more of the bacterial diversity on individual toads relative to the overall community defined using culture-independent methods. However, while there were differences in diversity among media types, the variation among individual hosts was greater than variation among media types, suggesting that swabbing more individuals in a population is the best way to maximize culture collections, regardless of media type. Lastly, the function of the plated communities against Bd did not vary across culture media type or between high and low nutrient media. These results inform current efforts for developing a probiotic-based approach for amphibian conservation and help to ensure that culture collections are capturing the majority of the important diversity in these systems.
General Intelligence, Objectively Determined and Measured.

Chap. I. Introductory. PAGE I. Signs of Weakness in Experimental Psychology 202 2. The Cause of this Weakness 203 3. The Identities of Science 204 4. Scope of the Present Experiments 205 Chap. II. Historical and Critical I. History of Previous Researches 206 2. Conclusions to be drawn from these Previous Researches 219 3. Criticism of Prevalent Working Methods 222 Chap. III. Preliminary Investigation I. Obviation of the Four Faults Quoted 225 2. Definition of the Correspondence Sought 226 3. Irrelevancies from Practice 227 (a) Pitch 228
Adolescents and identity

Abstract Adolescence is a period of experimentation in many kinds of behavior. The examples in the present paper come from recordings of working-class adolescents made in Glasgow in 1997, 2003, and 2004. They show that these adolescents are adopting new forms of speech including new discourse features that seem to have developed locally, rather than having been imported from outside. This paper examines two areas in which the adolescents employ innovative forms: non-traditional intensifiers and quotatives. Previous studies had shown that Scottish working-class speakers make limited use of the intensifiers ‘very’ and ‘really’. The Glasgow adolescents in 1997 used ‘pure’ and ‘dead’ as their main intensifiers. By 2003 ‘dead’ was used much less frequently but ‘pure’ continued to be used in many contexts, and this continued in 2004, though ‘so’ was beginning to be used in certain contexts. Three new intensifiers, ‘healthy’, ‘heavy’ and ‘mad’ were becoming more popular in 2004. Non-traditional quotatives, such as ‘go’, ‘be like’ and ‘be all’, have been spreading quickly among younger speakers. In Glasgow working-class adolescents in 1997 preferred two variants, ‘be like that’ and ‘go like that’, but by 2004 ‘be like’ was used almost as frequently and a new form ‘done (that)’ was gaining ground.
Secure outsourced skyline query processing via untrusted cloud service providers

Recent years have witnessed a growing number of location-based service providers (LBSPs) outsourcing their points of interest (POI) datasets to third-party cloud service providers (CSPs), which in turn answer various data queries from mobile users on their behalf. A main challenge in such systems is that the CSPs cannot be fully trusted, which may return fake query results for various bad motives, e.g., in favor of POIs willing to pay. As an important type of queries, location-based skyline queries (LBSQs) ask for the POIs that are not spatially dominated by any other POI with respect to some query position. In this paper, we propose three novel schemes that enable efficient verification of any LBSQ result returned by an untrusted CSP by embedding and exploring a novel neighboring relationship among POIs. The efficacy and efficiency of our schemes are thoroughly analyzed and evaluated.
Distribution of espM and espT among enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) translocate dozens of type III secretion system effectors, including the WxxxE effectors Map, EspM and EspT that activate Rho GTPases. While map, which is carried on the LEE pathogenicity island, is absolutely conserved among EPEC and EHEC strains, the prevalence of espM and espT is not known. Here we report the results of a large screen aimed at determining the prevalence of espM and espT among clinical EPEC and EHEC isolates. The results suggest that espM, detected in 51 % of the tested strains, is more commonly found in EPEC and EHEC serogroups that are linked to severe human infections. In contrast, espT was absent from all the EHEC isolates and was found in only 1.8 % of the tested EPEC strains. Further characterization of the virulence gene repertoire of the espT-positive strains led to the identification of a new ζ2 intimin variant. All the espT-positive strains but two contained the tccP gene. espT was first found in Citrobacter rodentium and later in silico in EPEC E110019, which is of particular interest as this strain was responsible for a particularly severe diarrhoeal outbreak in Finland in 1987 that affected 650 individuals in a school complex and an additional 137 associated household members. Comparing the protein sequences of EspT to that of E110019 showed a high level of conservation, with only three strains encoding EspT that differed in 6 amino acids. At present, it is not clear why espT is so rare, and what impact EspM and EspT have on EPEC and EHEC infection.
Exposure to anticancer drugs can result in transgenerational genomic instability in mice

The genetic effects of human exposure to anticancer drugs remain poorly understood. To establish whether exposure to anticancer drugs can result not only in mutation induction in the germ line of treated animals, but also in altered mutation rates in their offspring, we evaluated mutation rates in the offspring of male mice treated with three commonly used chemotherapeutic agents: cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C, and procarbazine. The doses of paternal exposure were approximately equivalent to those used clinically. Using single-molecule PCR, the frequency of mutation at the mouse expanded simple tandem repeat locus Ms6-hm was established in DNA samples extracted from sperm and bone marrow of the offspring of treated males. After paternal exposure to any one of these three drugs, expanded simple tandem repeat mutation frequencies were significantly elevated in the germ line (sperm) and bone marrow of their offspring. This observed transgenerational instability was attributed to elevated mutation rates at the alleles derived from both the exposed fathers and from the nonexposed mothers, thus implying a genome-wide destabilization. Our results suggest that paternal exposure to a wide variety of mutagens can result in transgenerational instability manifesting in their offspring. Our data also raise important issues concerning delayed transgenerational effects in the children of survivors of anticancer therapy.