Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Intrauterine and Early Postnatal Growth Restriction on Hypothalamic Somatostatin Gene Expression in the Rat

In the human, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) can result in persistent postnatal growth failure, which may be attributable, in part, to abnormal GH secretion. Whether putative alterations in GH secretion are the result of abnormalities intrinsic to the pituitary or reflect changes in the production of GH-releasing hormone or somatostatin (SS) is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that growth failure associated with IUGR or early postnatal food restriction (FR) is caused by a central defect in hypothalamic SS gene expression. Both models displayed persistent growth failure postnatally without any catch-up growth. We measured levels of SS mRNA levels in rats experimentally subjected to IUGR or FR. SS mRNA levels were measured by semiquantitative in situ hybridization throughout development. Levels of SS mRNA in the periventricular nucleus were significantly higher in both male and female IUGR rats in the juvenile and adult stages compared with matched controls (p ≤ 0.05). FR was associated with higher SS mRNA levels only in neonatal female rats (p ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that intrauterine malnutrition induces a persistent increase in the expression of SS mRNA in the periventricular nucleus, whereas early postnatal FR results in only a transient increase in SS gene expression. Because IGF-I levels were normal in juvenile IUGR and FR rats, central dysregulation of SS neurons does not appear to be the cause of early postnatal growth failure in either model. However, these observations are consistent with the hypothesis that nutritional stress at critical times during development can have persistent and potentially irreversible effects on organ function.
The Effect of Growth appraisal & Individual Assessment of Stress on Mental Health of Autistic Children's Parents

Having a child with autism is one of the most difficult things that can happen to a family and has a devastating impact on the parents' mental health. This paper studied the effect of two variables known as Appraisal of growth and Threat appraisal on mental health of Autistic Children parents. The paper is an applied research in terms of objective, a survey research in terms of data collection, and a descriptive - analytic research in terms of data analysis. The statistical universe is comprised of parents of 6 to 12 years old children with autism who had referred to rehabilitation centres of Tehran in 2013. Tools used for gathering data are general health questionnaire (GHQ), Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and the Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM). The research findings show that there is a significant relation between individual assessment of stress and growth appraisal with parents' overall mental health. Also age, education & annual income of parents had impact on mental health. (Shahrzad Motaghedi, Mahdiye Haddadian. The Effect of Growth appraisal & Individual Assessment of Stress on Mental Health of Autistic Children's Parents. Life Sci J 2014;11(9s):32-37). (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com . 5
Psychometrics of the SSIS in an Australian population

The Social Skills Improvement System (SSiS; Gresham & Elliott, 2008) is a multi-stage, broadband system for assessing children in Preschool through 12 grade. Two aspects of this system were analyzed in this study: (1) the Performance Screening Guides (PSGs), a brief criterion-referenced measure, and (2) the Rating Scales (SSiS-RS), a more extensive rating system. Two samples of Australian teachers in Bundamba (n = 15) and South Brisbane (n = 30) implemented the SSiS on elementary school students. This study has the following objectives: (1) Compare the psychometric properties of US and Australian samples and (2) determine if the Australian sample displays appropriate psychometric evidence to substantiate the use of such a tool in this population. Results indicated that internal consistency reliability was good for both samples across the domains and subdomains. For some of the domains, reliability was significantly higher in the Australian sample compared to the US sample. With respect to content validity, there were some differences with regard to which social skills each sample of teachers believed were important. Teachers in the Australian sample typically rated areas as being more important compared to the US sample. With regard to internal structure validity, correlations among PSGs and SSiS-RS domains were similar between the two different countries. In addition, conditional probability analyses indicated the PSGs work appropriately as the first stage of a multiple gating procedure. The confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the three-factor model had poor fit to the data in both samples. There were few differences between the factor loadings of the two samples. Lastly, in terms of validity evidence based on relations to other variables, the individual PSG scores demonstrated low to moderate ability to predict students who displayed difficulties on
The Bimodality of the 100 hPa South Asia High and its Relationship to the Climate Anomaly over East Asia in Summer

The NCEP/NCAR pentad mean reanalysis data from 1980 to 1994 are employed to examine the activities of the 100 hPa South Asia High (SAH) during the boreal summer. The results show that there exists bimodality in the longitude location of the SAH. According to the two preferred regions for the SAH, the SAH is classified into the Tibetan Mode (TM) and the Iranian Mode (IM), respectively. The studies on the maintenance mechanism, both from circulation structure and thermal structure, manifest that the SAH has the feature of warm preference. The diagnosis based on the thermodynamic equation further reveals that the TM is closely related to the diabatic heating of the Tibetan Plateau, whereas the IM is more associated with the adiabatic heating in the free atmosphere, as well as the diabatic heating near the surface. The statistical composites, and case studies, corresponding to the two modes show that the SAH bimodality is strongly related to the climate anomalies over East Asia. In the case of TM, the southerly airflow over the subtropics and the northerly airflow over the middle-high latitude at 850 hPa are enhanced, forming a convergence zone along 30°N and resulting in increased rainfall extending from the south Japan, Korea Peninsula, and Yangtze-Yellow river valley of China to the Tibetan Plateau. In the case of IM, at 850 hPa the mid-latitude East Asia is dominated by a huge anomalous anticyclone, thus results in the decreased rainfall over the area.
A CLASH OF CULTURES

This study examines how national UK newspaper websites are integrating user-generated content (UGC). A survey quantifying the adoption of UGC by mainstream news organisations showed a dramatic increase in the opportunities for contributions from readers. In-depth interviews with senior news executives revealed this expansion is taking place despite residual doubts about the editorial and commercial value of material from the public. The study identified a shift towards the use of moderation due to editors’ persistent concerns about reputation, trust, and legal liabilities, indicating that UK newspaper websites are adopting a traditional gate-keeping role towards UGC. The findings suggest a gate-keeping approach may offer a model for the integration of UGC, with professional news organisations providing editorial structures to bring different voices into their news reporting, filtering and aggregating UGC in ways they believe to be useful and valuable to their audience. While this research looked at UGC initiatives in the context of the UK newspaper industry, it has broad relevance as professional journalists tend to share a similar set of norms. The British experience offers valuable lessons for news executives making their first forays into this area and for academics studying the field of participatory journalism.
Methanotrophic Communities in Brazilian Ferralsols from Naturally Forested, Afforested, and Agricultural Sites

ABSTRACT Conversion of forests to farmland permanently lowers atmospheric methane consumption due to unresolved reasons. Alphaproteobacterial methanotrophs were predominant in forested soils and gammaproteobacterial species were predominant in farmland soils of subtropical ferralsols in Brazil. The capability of atmospheric methane consumption was obliterated in farmland soils, suggesting a shift from oligotrophic to copiotrophic species.
A Multi-label Text Classification Framework: Using Supervised and Unsupervised Feature Selection Strategy

Text classification, the task of metadata to documents, needs a person to take significant time and effort. Since online-generated contents are explosively growing, it becomes a challenge for manually annotating with large scale and unstructured data. Recently, various state-or-art text mining methods have been applied to classification process based on the keywords extraction. However, when using these keywords as features in the classification task, it is common that the number of feature dimensions is large. In addition, how to select keywords from documents as features in the classification task is a big challenge. Especially, when using traditional machine learning algorithms in big data, the computation time is very long. On the other hand, about 80% of real data is unstructured and non-labeled in the real world. The conventional supervised feature selection methods cannot be directly used in selecting entities from massive data. Usually, statistical strategies are utilized to extract features from unlabeled data for classification tasks according to their importance scores. We propose a novel method to extract key features effectively before feeding them into the classification assignment. Another challenge in the text classification is the multi-label problem, the assignment of multiple non-exclusive labels to documents. This problem makes text classification more complicated compared with a single label classification. For the above issues, we develop a framework for extracting data and reducing data dimension to solve the multi-label problem on labeled and unlabeled datasets. In order to reduce data dimension, we develop a hybrid feature selection method that extracts meaningful features according to the importance of each feature. The Word2Vec is applied to represent each document by a feature vector for the document categorization for the big dataset. The unsupervised approach is used to extract features from real online-generated data for text classification. Our unsupervised feature selection method is applied to extract depression symptoms from social media such as Twitter. In the future, these depression symptoms will be used for depression self-screening and diagnosis. INDEX WORDS: Multi-label Text Classification, Feature Selection, Word2Vec, Natural Language Processing, Depression Symptoms, Social Media A MULTI-LABEL TEXT CLASSIFICATION FRAMEWORK: USING SUPERVISED AND UNSUPERVISED FEATURE SELECTION STRATEGY
Teaching Children With Mild to Moderate Intellectual Disabilities to Select and Produce Facial Expressions of Emotion Using Modelling and Feedback

The ability to produce facial expressions accurately is essential for effective communication of thoughts and feelings. Children need to select the facial expression to produce in a given situation, while considering the social context, and produce it acct:~ately. This is especially important for children with intellectual disabilities who often experience difficulties in verbal communication. 2 The purpose of this study was to investigate ways of teaching children with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities to select and produce facial expressions appropriate to various situations. The theoretical framework of this study suggests that providing facial model1ing and mirror feedback to children will increase the accuracy with which children with inte11ectual disabilities select and product facial expressions of emotion. Forty children were presented with six vignettes, and were asked to respond by selecting and producing an appropriate facial expression. A 2 (modelling: present or absent) x 2 (mirror: present or absent) x 3 (facial expression: happiness, disgust and surprise) design was used, in which mirror and modelling were between-subjects variables, and facial expression was a within-subjects variable. Effects of the modelling, but not the mirror, produced significant increases in children's selection and production of facial expressions. Happiness was found to be the easiest expression to produce. Disgust was found to be more difficult than happiness, while surprise was more difficult than disgust to produce. Both surprise and disgust were improved significantly by the modelling, and it was concluded that modelling is an effective and inexpensive technique for teaching social skills in the classroom.
Anatomical gradients of adult neurogenesis and activity: Young neurons in the ventral dentate gyrus are activated by water maze training

Hippocampal function varies in a subregion‐specific fashion: spatial processing is thought to rely on the dorsal hippocampus, whereas anxiety‐related behavior relies more on the ventral hippocampus. During development, neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) proceeds along ventral to dorsal as well as suprapyramidal to infrapyramidal gradients, but it is unclear whether regional differences in neurogenesis are maintained in adulthood. Moreover, it is unknown whether young neurons in the adult exhibit subregion‐specific patterns of activation. We therefore examined the magnitude of neurogenesis and the activation of young and mature granule cells in DG subregions in adult rats that learned a spatial water maze task, swam with no platform, or were left untouched. We found that both adult neurogenesis and granule cell activation, as defined by c‐fos expression in the granule cell population as a whole, were higher in the dorsal than the ventral DG. In contrast, c‐fos expression in adult‐born granule cells, identified by PSA‐NCAM or location in the subgranular zone, occurred at a higher rate in the opposite subregion, the ventral DG. Interestingly, c‐fos expression in the entire granule cell population was equivalent in water maze‐trained rats and swim control rats, but was increased in the young granule cells only in the learning condition. These results provide new evidence that hippocampally‐relevant experience activates young and mature neurons in different DG subregions and with different experiential specificity, and suggest that adult‐born neurons may play a specific role in anxiety‐related behavior or other nonspatial aspects of hippocampal function. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CASSANDRA: audio-video sensor fusion for aggression detection

This paper presents a smart surveillance system named CASSANDRA, aimed at detecting instances of aggressive human behavior in public environments. A distinguishing aspect of CASSANDRA is the exploitation of the complimentary nature of audio and video sensing to disambiguate scene activity in real-life, noisy and dynamic environments. At the lower level, independent analysis of the audio and video streams yields intermediate descriptors of a scene like: "scream", "passing train" or "articulation energy". At the higher level, a Dynamic Bayesian Network is used as a fusion mechanism that produces an aggregate aggression indication for the current scene. Our prototype system is validated on a set of scenarios performed by professional actors at an actual train station to ensure a realistic audio and video noise setting.
The BGP Visibility Scanner

By tweaking the BGP configurations, the network operators are able to express their interdomain routing preferences, designed to accommodate a myriad goals. Given the complex interactions between policies in the Internet, the origin AS by itself cannot ensure that only by configuring a routing policy it can also achieve the anticipated results. Moreover, the definition of routing policies is a complicated process, involving a number of subtle tuning operations prone to errors. In this paper, we propose the BGP Visibility Scanner which allows network operators to validate the correct implementation of their routing policies, by corroborating the BGP routing information from approximatively 130 independent observation points in the Internet. We exemplify the use of the proposed methodology and also perform an initial validation for the BGP Visibility Scanner capabilities through various real operational use cases.
Recovery Conditions of Sparse Representations in the Presence of Noise.

When seeking a representation of a signal on a redundant basis one generally replaces the quest for the sparsest model by an l1 minimization and solves thus a linear program. In the presence of noise one has in addition to replace the exact reconstruction constraint by an approximate one. We consider simultaneously several ways to allow for reconstruction errors and analyze precisely under which conditions exact recovery is possible in the absence of noise. These are then also the conditions that allow recovery in presence of noise in case of large signal to noise ratio. We illustrate the results on an example that shows that the chances of recovery do indeed depend upon the criterion
Added Value of Gaze-Exploiting Semantic Representation to Allow Robots Inferring Human Behaviors

Neuroscience studies have shown that incorporating gaze view with third view perspective has a great influence to correctly infer human behaviors. Given the importance of both first and third person observations for the recognition of human behaviors, we propose a method that incorporates these observations in a technical system to enhance the recognition of human behaviors, thus improving beyond third person observations in a more robust human activity recognition system. First, we present the extension of our proposed semantic reasoning method by including gaze data and external observations as inputs to segment and infer human behaviors in complex real-world scenarios. Then, from the obtained results we demonstrate that the combination of gaze and external input sources greatly enhance the recognition of human behaviors. Our findings have been applied to a humanoid robot to online segment and recognize the observed human activities with better accuracy when using both input sources; for example, the activity recognition increases from 77% to 82% in our proposed pancake-making dataset. To provide completeness of our system, we have evaluated our approach with another dataset with a similar setup as the one proposed in this work, that is, the CMU-MMAC dataset. In this case, we improved the recognition of the activities for the egg scrambling scenario from 54% to 86% by combining the external views with the gaze information, thus showing the benefit of incorporating gaze information to infer human behaviors across different datasets.
Clinical and Manometric Characteristics of Allgrove Syndrome

Objective: The association of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) insensitivity with achalasia and alacrimia (Allgrove syndrome, 3A) constitutes a rare multisystem disorder. Its evolution is not well known. The aim of this study was to describe clinical and esophageal manometric characteristics and outcomes in Allgrove syndrome. Patients and Methods: This multicenter retrospective study compared clinical and manometric characteristics at diagnosis and on follow-up of 9 children presenting with 3A (mean age at diagnosis 7.1 years) with those of 9 children with idiopathic achalasia (IA) (mean age at diagnosis 8.3 years). Results: At the time of diagnosis, 3 children with 3A presented with no digestive or respiratory signs because they were identified during a family screening; 1 remained asymptomatic 8 years later. ACTH levels were high in patients with 3A. All of the patients with IA were symptomatic at diagnosis. No significant difference was observed when comparing any of the manometric parameters of the first esophageal manometry of 3A with those of IA. Seven children with 3A were operated on using the Heller procedure, completed by pneumatic esophageal dilation in 2 of these 7. One patient with 3A was treated only by nifedipine. Failure of treatment was observed in 3 children with 3A and 1 child with IA, partial success in 4 with 3A and 1 with IA, and total success in 2 with 3A and 7 with IA (P < 0.03). Control manometry showed that in the 3A group, partial success after surgery was always associated with abnormally low or normal lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, whereas failure after surgery was associated with high LES pressure. Conclusions: Our data showed that 3A presented a more severe course than IA despite presymptomatic diagnosis in cases of family screening. The high LES pressure noted in some patients with 3A is suggestive of a peculiar pattern in 3A affecting the LES and the lower part of the esophagus.
Motor fatigue and cognitive task performance in humans

During fatiguing submaximal contractions a constant force production can be obtained at the cost of an increasing central command intensity. Little is known about the interaction between the underlying central mechanisms driving motor behaviour and cognitive functions. To address this issue, subjects performed four tasks: an auditory choice reaction task (CRT), a CRT simultaneously with a fatiguing or a non‐fatiguing submaximal muscle contraction task, and a fatiguing submaximal contraction task alone. Results showed that performance in the single‐CRT condition was relatively stable. However, in the fatiguing dual‐task condition, performance levels in the cognitive CRT deteriorated drastically with time‐on‐task. Moreover, in the fatiguing dual‐task condition the rise in force variability was significantly larger than during the fatiguing submaximal contraction alone. Thus, our results indicate a mutual interaction between cognitive functions and the central mechanisms driving motor behaviour during fatigue. The precise nature of this interference, and at what level this interaction takes place is still unknown.
Blood pressure is maintained despite profound myocardial depression during acute bupivacaine overdose in pigs.

UNLABELLED Bupivacaine-induced cardiovascular collapse is a feared complication because of the difficulty in restoring stable circulation (1). Early recognition is important so that the injection of bupivacaine can be discontinued. We used an animal model of near-cardiac arrest from bupivacaine infusion to identify the sequence of hemodynamic events that precedes bupivacaine-induced cardiovascular collapse. Twelve pigs (23-25 kg) were sedated with ketamine and anesthetized with halothane. Arterial blood pressure and cardiac output were measured. Bupivacaine (3.75 mg/mL) was administered at a rate of 5.73 mL/min (approximately 1 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) through a central venous catheter until severe ventricular arrhythmia occurred. Blood pressure and heart rate were unchanged, but cardiac output decreased by 40% with increasing doses of bupivacaine. Calculated peripheral resistance increased by 54%. The QRS complex of the surface electrocardiogram widened, and the R-wave amplitude decreased 80%, together with the decrease in cardiac output. T-wave amplitude increased initially but returned toward baseline at the largest bupivacaine doses. The plasma concentration of bupivacaine after the infusion was 16+/-6.8 microg/mL. IMPLICATIONS The increase in vascular resistance that accompanies acute bupivacaine overdose maintains blood pressure but masks severe myocardial depression.