Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reevaluation of the Microsomal Metabolism of Montelukast: Major Contribution by CYP2C8 at Clinically Relevant Concentrations

According to published in vitro studies, cytochrome P450 3A4 catalyzes montelukast 21-hydroxylation (M5 formation), whereas CYP2C9 catalyzes 36-hydroxylation (M6), the primary step in the main metabolic pathway of montelukast. However, montelukast is a selective competitive CYP2C8 inhibitor, and our recent in vivo studies suggest that CYP2C8 is involved in its metabolism. We therefore reevaluated the contributions of different cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes, particularly that of CYP2C8, to the hepatic microsomal metabolism of montelukast using clinically relevant substrate concentrations in vitro. The effects of P450 isoform inhibitors on montelukast metabolism were examined using pooled human liver microsomes, and montelukast oxidations by human recombinant CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 were investigated. The results verified the central role of CYP3A4 in M5 formation. The CYP2C8 inhibitors gemfibrozil 1-O-β glucuronide and trimethoprim inhibited the depletion of 0.02 μM montelukast and formation of M6 from 0.05 μM montelukast more potently than did the CYP2C9 inhibitor sulfaphenazole. Likewise, recombinant CYP2C8 catalyzed montelukast depletion and M6 formation at a 6 times higher intrinsic clearance than did CYP2C9, whereas other P450 isoforms produced no M6. On the basis of depletion of 0.02 μM montelukast, CYP2C8 was estimated to account for 72% of the oxidative metabolism of montelukast in vivo, with a 16% contribution for CYP3A4 and 12% for CYP2C9. Moreover, CYP2C8 catalyzed the further metabolism of M6 more actively than did any other P450. In conclusion, CYP2C8 plays a major role in the main metabolic pathway of montelukast at clinically relevant montelukast concentrations in vitro.
Some biologic and clinical problems related to intracellular parasitism in brucellosis.

THE intracellular localization of viable brucella organisms in the tissues of animals and human beings has been of fundamental interest ever since Bang1 announced the etiology of contagious abortion in cattle in 1897. In this initial report from Bang's laboratory, clumps of intracellular bacilli were noted in the uterine exudate removed from a cow with threatened abortion. The intracellular localization of brucella did not appear to attract much attention for a number of years, and then some significant investigations were reported from the laboratory of Theobald Smith in the Department of Comparative Pathology at Harvard Medical School. In 1912 Fabyan .
Exploring perceived life skills development and participation in sport

Organised sport provides favourable conditions for positive psychosocial development. However, few studies have examined how sport facilitates positive development. The purpose of this study was to explore how perceived life skills were developed. Five formal, semi‐structured interviews and around 30 hours of informal discussions were conducted with a single participant. Resultant transcripts were subjected to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Findings reveal an integration of processes, which resulted in positive development. Dispositions (e.g. hard work and self‐awareness) facilitated the learning of life skills. Experiential learning was described as the method in which the participant learned new life skills. Specifically, the experience of playing tennis required the participant to develop life skills. Findings provide a unique insight into the development of life skills. Findings are discussed in relation to extant life skill research and positive youth development research.
FIELD PERFORMANCE OF GEOTEXTILE REINFORCED SLUDGE CAPS

Geosynthetic reinforced capping of highwater content waste materials is becoming an efficient and economic way of dealing with the confinement of the contaminants. To define the filtration performance of sludge-geotextile systems and investigate their durability, ten sludge lagoon test cells were constructed using of a lightweight fill, i.e. a wood chip/soil mixture over different geotextiles. Instrumentation of the cells included piezometers, settlement plates and surveying blocks. Various laboratory tests were performed on the field-exhumed geotextile samples to understand their filtration performance. The laboratory and field investigations showed that woven geotextiles could be effectively used in filtering contaminated wastewater treatment sludges. Considering the constructability, woven geotextiles should also be preferred due to their higher strength. Laboratory observations performed on the exhumed samples can provide valuable information about the performance of the geotextile.
A Study of the Effectiveness of Selected Syllabication Rules and Phonogram Patterns for Word Attack.

instruction and of phonogram identification as advanced decoding strategies. The study used 108 second grade pupils (who were) divided into high, average, and low readers. The subjects were distributed across syllabication, phonogram, and control treatment groups. During March, the experimental subjects received ten 25-minute lessons on the flexible application of 1 of these word analysis procedures. The small group lessons included direct instruction and practice opportunities, using both familiar and unfamiliar multiple syllable words. Analysis of covariance procedures were used to determine if pupils' post test performance on several measures differed significantly from their pretest scores. The measures were 4 subtests from the Stanford Diagnostic Reading Test and 2 lists of unfamiliar stimulus words (a list of words in Context and a list of words in Isolation). The results suggested that neither syllabication instruction nor phonogram recognition strategy improved the word attack skills or the reading comprehension of the pupils tested. While the limitations of the study should be considered, the experimenter concluded that the recommendations of educators who support syllabication instruction which adheres closely to dictionary-based rules must be seriously questioned.
Preliminary clinical studies with PDT by topical TPPS administration in neoplastic skin lesions

Cutaneous photosensitization by topical administration of a porphyrin derivative has been previously reported from experimental studies. Preliminary clinical trials performed at the National Cancer Institute of Milan in the last six months have confirmed the feasibility of treating skin lesions by topical application of photosensitizers. Fourteen cases of basal cell carcinoma were treated by local administration of tetraphenylporphinesulphonate (TPPS), vehicled by azone. Later, the tumor was exposed to a wavelength of 630 nm from a dye laser.
The relationship between acculturation strategies, relative fit and intergroup relations: immigrant-majority relations in Germany

This study examined the impact of the acculturation strategy preferences of both immigrants and host society on intergroup relations. It was expected that integration would lead to the best outcome for both groups. Moreover, it was tested whether the relative ‘fit’ between host society and immigrant strategy preference would predict intergroup relations. The predictive power of two different operationalisations of fit was compared. School students (193 German host society members and 128 immigrants to Germany) participated in a questionnaire study. Findings revealed that both acculturation strategies of one group and relative ‘fit’ between immigrant and host society strategy preference were predictive of intergroup relations. In general, a strategy of integration was associated with more favourable intergroup relations in both groups, and a mismatch between host and immigrant preferred strategies yielded the most negative outcomes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of a membrane-associated serine protease in Escherichia coli

Three membrane-associated proteolytic activities in Escherichia coli were resolved by DEAE-cellulose chromatography from detergent extracts of the total envelope fraction. On the basis of substrate specificity for the hydrolysis of chromogenic amino acid ester substrates, the first two eluting activities were determined previously to be protease V and protease IV, respectively (M. Pacaud, J. Bacteriol. 149:6-14, 1982). The third proteolytic activity eluting from the DEAE-cellulose column was further purified by affinity chromatography on benzamidine-Sepharose 6B. We termed this enzyme protease VI. Protease VI did not hydrolyze any of the chromogenic substrates used in the detection of protease IV and protease V. However, all three enzymes generated acid-soluble fragments from a mixture of E. coli membrane proteins which were biosynthetically labeled with radioactive amino acids. The activity of protease VI was sensitive to serine protease inhibitors. Using [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate as an active-site labeling reagent, we determined that protease VI has an apparent molecular weight of 43,000 in polyacrylamide gels. All three membrane-associated serine proteases were insensitive to inhibition by Ecotin, and endogenous, periplasmic inhibitor of trypsin.
Intranuclear localization of snRNP antigens

Anti-Sm antibodies recognize a group of small, nuclear RNA-protein complexes (snRNPs) containing U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 snRNAs. Anti-RNP antibodies only react with U1 snRNA-containing complexes. The intranuclear distribution of snRNP particles was studied by double immunofluorescence staining of human fibroblasts. Mouse monoclonal anti- Sm antibodies and polyclonal patient sera reacting with different peptides in the snRNP complexes were used. The immunofluorescence patterns obtained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-mouse Ig and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-human Ig second antibodies were examined using computer analysis of digitized images. With this approach the similarity of different patterns could be visualized and estimated with mathematical methods. It was found that human anti-Sm serum as well as three different anti-RNP sera produced speckled patterns overlapping with the anti-Sm monoclonal pattern. Thus, Sm antigenic intranuclear domains also reacted with anti- RNP antibodies, suggesting a high degree of co-localization of the antigenic structures. A partial overlap was found between speckles detected by mouse anti-Sm antibodies and a human La-antiserum. No significant co-localization occurred between speckles detected by mouse anti-Sm antibodies and speckles detected by human antisera reacting with Scl-70 and centromeric antigens. As the U1 snRNP complex is believed to play a role in the splicing of RNA polymerase II transcripts, it appears that the speckles detected by Sm and RNP antibodies may be regions of hnRNA synthesis and mRNA processing. Although no function has been demonstrated for the U2, U4, U5, and U6 snRNPs, the co-localization with the U1 RNA complexes shown in this report indicate that they too participate in some aspect of mRNA processing. The results suggest that computer-assisted analysis of nuclear immunofluorescence patterns will be a useful tool in studies of the spatial and functional organization of the interphase nucleus.
Effect of live Saccharomyces cerevisiae feeding on serum biochemistry in early weaned cross bred piglets.

Aim: To assess the effect of feeding live Saccharomyces cerevisiae on serum biochemistry in early weaned cross bred (Landrace × Desi) piglets Materials and Methods: 48 piglets assigned to four different groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4: n=12) following completely randomized design. T1 and T2 were weaned at age of 28 days while T3 and T4 were weaned at age of 42 days. T1 and T3 were fed basal diet without S. cerevisiae, however, T2 and T4 were supplemented with live S. cerevisiae (200 g/d/h containing 26 3×10 cfu/g). Results: The period-wise comparison of mean values of serum albumin and globulin were similar, however, period-wise comparison of protein was significant. The mean glucose value of T4 was statistically higher than T1 and comparable with T2 and T3. The serum total cholesterol level was found to be lower in T2 and T4 as compared to T1 and T3. Conclusion: Results of study suggest that supplementation of live Saccharomyces cerevisiae was effective in improving the health status of early weaned piglets.
Improved Burn Center Survival of Patients with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Managed without Corticosteroids

Fifteen consecutive patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis or the Stevens-Johnson syndrome managed without corticosteroids after transfer to the burn center (group 2) are compared to a previous consecutive group of 15 who received high doses of these drugs (group 1). Group 2 had a 66% survival, which was a significant improvement compared to the 33% survival in group 1 (p = 0.057). In group 1, mortality was associated with loss of more than 50% of the body surface area skin. In group 2, mortality was related to advanced age and associated diseases. Age, extent of skin loss, progression of skin loss after burn center admission, incidence of abnormal liver function tests, and the incidence of septic complications were not significantly different in the two groups (p gt; 0.10). The incidence of detected esophageal slough was similar in both groups. Nonsteroid (group 2) management was associated with a decreased incidence of ulceration of gastrointestinal columnar epithelium, Candida sepsis, and an increased survival after septic complications. The combined experience of these 30 patients suggests that corticosteroids are contraindicated in the burn center management of toxic epidermal necrolysis and the Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Emotional intelligence and scholastic achievement in Australian adolescents

Abstract The current study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and scholastic achievement in Australian adolescents. Two hundred and nine secondary school students (86 males and 123 females) each completed the Adolescent Swinburne University Emotional Intelligence Test (SUEIT) and academic achievement data was collected for all subjects from year seven to eleven. Academic success was found to be associated with higher levels of total EI, via assessment of the EI of different academic levels (80th percentile, 20th percentile, and middle groups). Regression analyses also revealed that dimensions of the Adolescent SUEIT differentially predicted secondary school subject grades: Emotional Management and Control was found to significantly predict Maths (r2 = 0.06) and Science (r2 = 0.04); the Understanding Emotions sub-scale significantly predicted scores for Art (r2 = 0.12) and Geography (r2 = 0.08). It was concluded that the development of EI may offer educators significant opportuni.
The Under Representation of Women in the Male Dominated Sport Workplace: Perspectives of Female Coaches

Previous literature has researched the underrepresentation of women as coaches and in other leadership positions in women’s sports. This article adds to the literature by examining the nearly nonexistent role of women in the male-dominated workplace of men’s sports. Currently, women represent 42.6% of the head coaches in women’s sports while men represent 57.4% of the head coaches in women’s sports. In contrast, women represent less than 3% of the head coaches in men’s sports. This creates a double standard in which men are afforded greater coaching opportunities in both men’s and women’s sports. Conversely, coaching opportunities for women are limited in women’s sports and are mostly absent in men’s sports. Through in-depth, semistructured interviews, we explored how and why this phenomenon (i.e., the lack of women coaching in men’s college basketball) is occurring. The results suggest that the perception of gendered opportunities, maleexclusive social networks, and pressures to overcompensate for being female were all strong, negative influences on the perceived opportunity of women to sustain and pursue careers in male-dominated workplaces such as that of men’s college basketball. The literature has suggested that women have been marginalized, discriminated against, and disregarded in terms of workplace leadership positions in sports
Metadata recovery from obfuscated programs using machine learning

Obfuscation is a mechanism used to hinder reverse engineering of programs. To cope with the large number of obfuscated programs, especially malware, reverse engineers automate the process of deobfuscation i.e. extracting information from obfuscated programs. Deobfuscation techniques target specific obfuscation transformations, which requires reverse engineers to manually identify the transformations used by a program, in what is known as metadata recovery attack. In this paper, we present Oedipus, a Python framework that uses machine learning classifiers viz., decision trees and naive Bayes, to automate metadata recovery attacks against obfuscated programs. We evaluated Oedipus' performance using two datasets totaling 1960 unobfuscated C programs, which were used to generate 11.075 programs obfuscated using 30 configurations of 6 different obfuscation transformations. Our results empirically show the feasibility of using machine learning to implement the metadata recovery attacks with classification accuracies of 100% in some cases.
Food incentives to improve completion of tuberculosis treatment: randomised controlled trial in Dili, Timor-Leste

Objective To determine the effectiveness of the provision of whole food to enhance completion of treatment for tuberculosis. Design Parallel group randomised controlled trial. Setting Three primary care clinics in Dili, Timor-Leste. Participants 270 adults aged ≥18 with previously untreated newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. Main outcome measures Completion of treatment (including cure). Secondary outcomes included adherence to treatment, weight gain, and clearance of sputum smears. Outcomes were assessed remotely, blinded to allocation status. Interventions Participants started standard tuberculosis treatment and were randomly assigned to intervention (nutritious, culturally appropriate daily meal (weeks 1-8) and food package (weeks 9-32) (n=137) or control (nutritional advice, n=133) groups. Randomisation sequence was computer generated with allocation concealment by sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. Results Most patients with tuberculosis were poor, malnourished men living close to the clinics; 265/270 (98%) contributed to the analysis. The intervention had no significant beneficial or harmful impact on the outcome of treatment (76% v 78% completion, P=0.7) or adherence (93% for both groups, P=0.7) but did lead to improved weight gain at the end of treatment (10.1% v 7.5% improvement, P=0.04). Itch was more common in the intervention group (21% v 9%, P<0.01). In a subgroup analysis of patients with positive results on sputum smears, there were clinically important improvements in one month sputum clearance (85% v 67%, P=0.13) and completion of treatment (78% v 68%, P=0.3). Conclusion Provision of food did not improve outcomes with tuberculosis treatment in these patients in Timor-Leste. Further studies in different settings and measuring different outcomes are required. Trial registration Clinical Trials NCT0019256.
Three new flavonoids, proanthocyanidin, and accompanying phenolic constituents from Feijoa sellowiana

Abstract Our investigation of phenolic constituents of fruits, flower buds, and leaves of Feijoa sellowiana led to the isolation of twenty-one phenolics including three new gossypetin glycosides 1–3, and also the purification of a proanthocyanidin fraction. A high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous analysis of phenolic constituents was established and then used to investigate the phenolic profiles of the parts of the plant species, to show the presence of characteristic flavonoids and ellagic acid derivatives or ellagitannins in the extracts from fruits, flower buds, and leaves. The branch extract profile also suggested the presence of alkylated ellagic acids as characteristic constituents. Inhibitory effects of feijoa flavonoids on mushroom tyrosinase were seen, although in some cases this may have resulted from direct interaction with the enzyme. Cytotoxic effect of the proanthocyanidin fraction was also shown. New flavonoids were found in various parts of Feijoa sellowiana.
Studying the Sociology of Journalists: The Journalistic Field and the News World

This article makes a case for a socially situated and theoretically sophisticated approach to the sociological study of journalists. This is urgently needed for us to understand the increasingly complex news production environment and the rapidly evolving nature of journalistic practice. Two theoretical approaches to studying the sociology of journalists are outlined and discussed. The first is a development of Pierre Bourdieu's field theory; the second – the ‘news world’ approach – emerges from the social worlds approach commonly associated with Howard S. Becker. Each approach on its own shows considerable promise for the analysis of the increasingly complex news media environment. The article concludes that the journalistic field and the news world approaches could be combined to create a new framework for the sociological study of journalism that would provide a way forward for the important empirical research on journalists that is now needed.
Semantic texton forests for image categorization and segmentation

We propose semantic texton forests, efficient and powerful new low-level features. These are ensembles of decision trees that act directly on image pixels, and therefore do not need the expensive computation of filter-bank responses or local descriptors. They are extremely fast to both train and test, especially compared with k-means clustering and nearest-neighbor assignment of feature descriptors. The nodes in the trees provide (i) an implicit hierarchical clustering into semantic textons, and (ii) an explicit local classification estimate. Our second contribution, the bag of semantic textons, combines a histogram of semantic textons over an image region with a region prior category distribution. The bag of semantic textons is computed over the whole image for categorization, and over local rectangular regions for segmentation. Including both histogram and region prior allows our segmentation algorithm to exploit both textural and semantic context. Our third contribution is an image-level prior for segmentation that emphasizes those categories that the automatic categorization believes to be present. We evaluate on two datasets including the very challenging VOC 2007 segmentation dataset. Our results significantly advance the state-of-the-art in segmentation accuracy, and furthermore, our use of efficient decision forests gives at least a five-fold increase in execution speed.