Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Best practices of outstanding mentors in psychology: An ecological, relational, and multicultural model

Recent studies have pinpointed disconcerting trends regarding the recruitment, retention, and graduation rates of ethnic minorities in doctoral programs. Mentoring has been touted as part of the strategy to address this problem. However, there is a paucity of research on the mentoring of ethnic minorities in academia, particularly with regard to how mentors tackle cross-cultural differences in mentoring relationships. This dissertation addresses this gap in the literature by examining the practices of outstanding mentors in cross-cultural mentoring relationships. The sample consisted of 9 mentors nominated for being outstanding mentors and 17 doctoral-level psychology proteges all the mentoring relationships diverged along racial and/or cultural lines. I used grounded theory in this study to uncover mentor practices as well as to discern a theory of crosscultural mentoring. Data was collected from semi-structured interviews with mentors and their proteges, audiotapes of two actual mentoring sessions, as well as archival materials such as e-mail exchanges. The data showed that the mentors engaged in a wide variety of practices targeted at three key areas: individual career development of the proteges, relationship/trust building, and socialization/organizational development of the proteges. These mentor practices were found to address the special concerns and challenges faced by ethnic minority and culturally different proteges. This dissertation contributes to the literature on mentoring by proposing an ecological model of mentoring that emphasizes the contextual, relational, and multicultural nature of cross-cultural mentoring relationships. The findings from this
Stress and Provider Retention in Underserved Communities

linicians and staff in health care organizations experience stress and burnout due to both job conditions and unique pressures of the medical field. Stress and burnout have consequences not only for the health and wellness of employees but for patients through poor quality care. Health care organizations and systems are affected when it causes decreased productivity and even attrition. In safety net health centers, the loss of clinicians and staff and decreased productivity further strain an already resource-poor system, creating a vicious cycle as more demands are placed on those who remain. Acutely aware of this phenomenon, the Association of Clinicians for the Underserved (ACU) sought to better understand stress and burnout experienced by its members in hopes of developing strategies and interventions to break this cycle. This column describes the initial findings from a survey conducted to assess stress and burnout among ACU members.
Flagship regeneration project as a tool for post-disaster recovery planning: the Zeytinburnu case.

Sustainable redevelopment following disasters has been a main policy objective of post-disaster recovery efforts over the past few decades. Yet, nine years after the 1999 Marmara earthquake in Turkey, the redevelopment of risky housing areas is still a point of debate on the urban planning and disaster mitigation agenda. However, planning studies on mildly and moderately damaged areas located in the centre of Istanbul are ongoing. This article presents the evidence of a pilot project undertaken by Zeytinburnu Municipality, Istanbul, four years after the Marmara earthquake. (2) The aim is to generate a debate on the preconditions required for a sustainable urban regeneration approach in the post-disaster recovery phase. The results of the pilot project underline the importance of capacity building in sustaining social capital, strengthening the legal framework, restructuring planning regulations, and managing the housing redevelopment process by taking advantage of a window of opportunity afforded by the disaster recovery period.
Agoraphobia: a review of the diagnostic classificatory position and criteria

The status of agoraphobia (AG) as an independent diagnostic category is reviewed and preliminary options and recommendations for the fifth edition of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM‐V) are presented. The review concentrates on epidemiology, psychopathology, neurobiology, vulnerability and risk factors, clinical course and outcome, and correlates and consequences of AG since 1990. Differences and similarities across conventions and criteria of DSM and ICD‐10 are considered. Three core questions are addressed. First, what is the evidence for AG as a diagnosis independent of panic disorder? Second, should AG be conceptualized as a subordinate form of panic disorder (PD) as currently stipulated in DSM‐IV‐TR? Third, is there evidence for modifying or changing the current diagnostic criteria? We come to the conclusion that AG should be conceptualized as an independent disorder with more specific criteria rather than a subordinate, residual form of PD as currently stipulated in DSM‐IV‐TR. Among other issues, this conclusion was based on psychometric evaluations of the construct, epidemiological investigations which show that AG can exist independently of panic disorder, and the impact of agoraphobic avoidance upon clinical course and outcome. However, evidence from basic and clinic validation studies remains incomplete and partly contradictory. The apparent advantages of a more straightforward, simpler classification without implicit hierarchies and insufficiently supported differential diagnostic considerations, plus the option for improved further research, led to favoring the separate diagnostic criteria for AG as a diagnosis independent of panic disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IDENTIFYING METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES THROUGH LEARNERS' READING COMPREHENSION: A REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

This review study contributes in identifying metacognitive strategies through students' reading comprehension. Different studies presented teachers to become reflective in terms of applying teaching methodology for developing reading skills, metacognitive strategies in reading, and comprehending the text properly. The contributions of this review study will identify metacognitive skills as an input to design materials based on reading comprehension. This review study is a fundamental research in the domain of cognition, metacognition, and reading comprehension. The researchers reviewed journal papers, and theses in the relevant field. The studies indicate that the contributions of metacognitive strategies of students' reading comprehension is significant. Findings also reveal that teachers play pivitol role to develop reading comprehension abilities among students at all levels. The results will be a guideline to design syllabus that include metacognitive strategies in learners' reading comprehension.
Students teaching students: a medical school peer tutorial programme

Summary. A peer tutorial programme which is available to all first‐ and second‐year medical students has been in operation at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine since 1972. A retrospective study of the classes of 1982, 1983 and 1984 was undertaken to assess the participation levels in the tutorial programme and to compare the participation level to available performance parameters. The analysis revealed that 54% of the first‐year classes and 22% of the second‐year classes participated in the peer tutorial programme, χ2 analysis of the data demonstrated that the relationship between participation in the tutorial programme and performance on examinations reached statistical significance. The results suggested that an open peer tutorial programme responded to the needs, both cognitive and affective, of medical students.
Soliton turbulence in shallow water ocean surface waves.

We analyze shallow water wind waves in Currituck Sound, North Carolina and experimentally confirm, for the first time, the presence of soliton turbulence in ocean waves. Soliton turbulence is an exotic form of nonlinear wave motion where low frequency energy may also be viewed as a dense soliton gas, described theoretically by the soliton limit of the Korteweg-deVries equation, a completely integrable soliton system: Hence the phrase "soliton turbulence" is synonymous with "integrable soliton turbulence. " For periodic-quasiperiodic boundary conditions the ergodic solutions of Korteweg-deVries are exactly solvable by finite gap theory (FGT), the basis of our data analysis. We find that large amplitude measured wave trains near the energetic peak of a storm have low frequency power spectra that behave as ∼ω-1. We use the linear Fourier transform to estimate this power law from the power spectrum and to filter densely packed soliton wave trains from the data. We apply FGT to determine the soliton spectrum and find that the low frequency ∼ω-1 region is soliton dominated. The solitons have random FGT phases, a soliton random phase approximation, which supports our interpretation of the data as soliton turbulence. From the probability density of the solitons we are able to demonstrate that the solitons are dense in time and highly non-Gaussian.
Evaluating outcome in mental health care

The need for increasing awareness on how to measure the efficacy and effectiveness of psychiatric care is emphasized in this paper.Comprehensiveness, multiaxiality and specificity are proposed as guidelines for future developments. The past year's literature is discussed with particular regard to studies on the effectiveness of alternative treatments to hospitalization. The relevance of the subjective view of users is outlined.
Metabolic Activity in the Insular Cortex and Hypothalamus Predicts Hot Flashes: An FDG-PET Study

Context: Hot flashes are a common side effect of adjuvant endocrine therapies (AET; leuprolide, tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors) that reduce quality of life and treatment adherence in breast cancer patients. Because hot flashes affect only some women, preexisting neurobiological traits might predispose to their development. Previous studies have implicated the insula during the perception of hot flashes and the hypothalamus in thermoregulatory dysfunction. Objective: The aim of the study was to understand whether neurobiological factors predict hot flashes. Design: [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) brain scans coregistered with structural magnetic resonance imaging were used to determine whether metabolic activity in the insula and hypothalamic thermoregulatory and estrogen-feedback regions measured before and in response to AET predict hot flashes. Findings were correlated with CYP2D6 genotype because of CYP2D6 polymorphism associations with tamoxifen-induced hot flashes. Outcome Measures: We measured regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose uptake (rCMRglu) in the insula and hypothalamus on FDG-PET. Results: Of 18 women without hot flashes who began AET, new-onset hot flashes were reported by 10 (55.6%) and were detected objectively in nine (50%) participants. Prior to the use of all AET, rCMRglu in the insula (P ≤ 0.01) and hypothalamic thermoregulatory (P = 0.045) and estrogen-feedback (P = 0.007) regions was lower in women who reported developing hot flashes. In response to AET, rCMRglu was further reduced in the insula in women developing hot flashes (P ≤ 0.02). Insular and hypothalamic rCMRglu levels were lower in intermediate than extensive CYP2D6 metabolizers. Conclusions: Trait neurobiological characteristics predict hot flashes. Genetic variability in CYP2D6 may underlie the neurobiological predisposition to hot flashes induced by AET.
Zum Erwerb interkultureller Kompetenz im Unterricht des Deutschen als Fremdsprache

Der Begriff "Interkulturelle Kompetenz" hat seinen Vorganger, die "Kommunikative Kompetenz", als neues globales Ziel fur den DaF-Unterricht fast verdrangt und ist zu einem ebenso sinnentleerten Modewort verkommen. Zum Vergleich beider Begriffe soll zunachst noch einmal bedacht werden, was unter "Kommunikativer Kompetenz" zu verstehen ist. Kommunikative Kompetenz wurde vor 25 Jahren von dem Anthropologen und Soziolinguisten Dell Hymes (1972) definiert als eines Sprechers und Lerners grammatisches, psycholinguistisches, soziokulturelles und praktisch verfugbares Wissen und eine dementsprechende Gebrauchsfahigkeit dieser Sprache. Es ist dies ein sehr breit gefaster Begriff, der die beiden fur die Sprache wesentlichen Perspektiven, die intraorganismische (psychische) und die interorganismische (soziale), in sich vereint. Eine andere beruhmt gewordene Sicht Kommunikativer Kompetenz ist die von Canale und Swain (1980). Sie sehen Kommunikative Kompetenz als bestehend aus:
Angiotensin II-induced apoptosis in rat cardiomyocyte culture: a possible role of AT1 and AT2 receptors

Objectives To investigate the mechanism of angiotensin II-induced apoptosis in cultured cardiomyocytes by determining which receptor subtype is involved, and what is the relationship between intracellular Ca2+ changes and apoptosis. Design and methods Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were pretreated with either the AT1 antagonist irbesartan or the AT2 antagonist PD123319 before exposure to angiotensin II. Apoptotis was evaluated using morphological technique, staining nuclei by Feulgen and Hoechst methods followed by image analysis and by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end (TUNEL) labelling. TUNEL-positive cardiocytes were distinguished from other cells by double staining with α-sarcomeric actin. Intracellular Ca2+ changes were assessed by indo-1 fluorescence microscopy, and the effect of Ca2+ on angiotensin II-induced apoptosis was tested using the calcium channel blocker verapamil. Results Exposure to angiotensin II (10 nmol/l) resulted in cell replication and a three-fold increase in programmed cell death (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with either irbesartan (an AT1receptor antagonist, 100 nmol/l) or PD123319 (an AT2 receptor antagonist, 1 μmol/l) prevented the angiotensin II-induced apoptosis, indicating the presence of both AT1 and AT2receptors on cardiomyocytes. Exposure of myocytes to angiotensin II caused an immediate and dose-dependent increase in the concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ that lasted 40–60 s. The effect was sustained in a Ca2+ free medium. Pretreatment of cells with irbesartan (100 nmol/l) and PD123319 (10 μmol/l) blocked Ca2+ elevation. Pretreatment with verapamil (10 μmol/l) prevented angiotensin II-induced apoptosis. Conclusions Angiotensin II-induced apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes is mediated through activation of both AT1 and AT2 receptors. The apoptotic mechanism is not related to the immediate angiotensin II-induced Ca2+ rise from intracellular stores. However, it is accompanied by cardiomyocyte proliferation and requires Ca2+ influx through L-type channel activity.
The Hypertension in Diabetes Study (HDS): a catalyst for change

Hypertension is now established as a major risk factor for premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in people with Type 2 diabetes and all modern treatment guidelines recommend the routine treatment of hypertension in these patients. However, these developments have been relatively recent. Only a decade ago, outside of small studies in patients with nephropathy, there was little evidence with regard to the efficacy and safety of treating elevated blood pressure in people with Type 2 diabetes. Consequently, for many patients, elevated blood pressure remained undetected and untreated. This changed with the publication of the Hypertension in Diabetes Study (HDS) in 1998. This study revealed that hypertension was very common in people with Type 2 diabetes and demonstrated the dramatic benefits of blood pressure lowering in reducing their risk of major macrovascular and microvascular complications. The unequivocal evidence from this study provided a much‐needed catalyst for change, propelling blood pressure measurement and its treatment to the forefront of risk management in these patients. Many studies have followed and many questions remain with regard to the preferred anti‐hypertensive treatment strategy and optimal treatment targets for blood pressure. In the meantime, many millions of patients with Type 2 diabetes worldwide have benefited and will continue to benefit from the therapeutic insights gained from the treatment of blood pressure in the 1148 patients enrolled in the Hypertension in Diabetes Study in the UK Prospective Diabetes Study.
The success rates of surgical and non- surgical approaches in the management and treatment of spinal stenosis

This thesis presents a literature review of the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), including a brief description of the patient history and non-surgical options while focusing mainly on the current array of surgical techniques. LSS is defined as a narrowing of any part of the lumbar spinal canal. This narrowing places excessive pressure on both the spinal cord and peripheral nerves resulting in pain, numbness and weakness in the lower extremities. LSS has a large spectrum of potential treatment options since the disease itself has a wide range of severities. An extensive physical exam, using the appropriate clinical surveys, physical manipulations, and imaging studies, is of paramount importance in the successful diagnosis. Currently, conservative treatment, while an important first step in managing LSS, seems to be limited to a first line of defense, lasting only a short period of time. Physical therapy results appear to be beneficial for only six months to a year, and despite their increased usage in recent years, management through the use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, opiates, and corticosteroid injections seem to provide very little benefit.
Navigating through Virtual Environments: Visual Realism Improves Spatial Cognition

Recent advances in computer technology have significantly facilitated the use of virtual environments (VE) for small and medium enterprises (SME). However, achieving visual realism in such VE requires high investments in terms of time and effort, while its usefulness has not yet become apparent from research. Other qualities of VE, such as the use of large displays, proved its effectiveness in enhancing the individual user's spatial cognition. The current study assessed whether the same benefits apply for visual realism in VE. Thirty-two participants were divided into two groups, who explored either a photorealistic or a nonrealistic supermarket presented on a large screen. The participants were asked to navigate through the supermarket on a predetermined route. Subsequently, spatial learning was tested in four pen-and-paper tests that assessed how accurately they had memorized the route and the environment's spatial layout. The study revealed increased spatial learning from the photorealistic compared to the nonrealistic supermarket. Specifically, participants performed better on tests that involved egocentric spatial knowledge. The results suggest visual realism is useful because it increases the user's spatial knowledge in the VE. Therefore, the current study provides clear evidence that it is worthwhile for SME to invest in achieving visual realism in VE.
Comparative analysis of LDR and OPT 101 detectors in reflectance type PPG sensor

Detection of blood volume change in the skin by using Photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor is based on the principle that hemoglobin in the blood absorbs infrared light than the other tissue. Favorable optical window is around 990 nm range. The reflectance type photoplethysmographic sensor is designed using two different detectors. Objective is to compare the response of PPG sensor by using Light Dependent resistors (LDR) and OPT101 as a detector. Signal is recorded by placing the sensor on a finger tip for wavelength ranging from visible to near IR (400 to 1000 nm) range. It is observed that the PPG signal captured using LDR is around 660 nm wavelength but for the OPT101 response is 500 nm to 1000 nm. That is OPT 101 can be used to capture PPG in visible and infrared region. Brain mapping using optical sensor OPT101 is preferable for the measurement of blood volume and blood flow. For source of 660 nm, LDR or OPT 101 can be used to detect the peripheral pulse. LDR is not suitable for the measurement in infrared range.
ß-Blocker Timolol Prevents Arrhythmogenic Ca2+ Release and Normalizes Ca2+ and Zn2+ Dyshomeostasis in Hyperglycemic Rat Heart

Defective cardiac mechanical activity in diabetes results from alterations in intracellular Ca2+ handling, in part, due to increased oxidative stress. Beta-blockers demonstrate marked beneficial effects in heart dysfunction with scavenging free radicals and/or acting as an antioxidant. The aim of this study was to address how β-blocker timolol-treatment of diabetic rats exerts cardioprotection. Timolol-treatment (12-week), one-week following diabetes induction, prevented diabetes-induced depressed left ventricular basal contractile activity, prolonged cellular electrical activity, and attenuated the increase in isolated-cardiomyocyte size without hyperglycemic effect. Both in vivo and in vitro timolol-treatment of diabetic cardiomyocytes prevented the altered kinetic parameters of Ca2+ transients and reduced Ca2+ loading of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), basal intracellular free Ca2+ and Zn2+ ([Ca2+]i and [Zn2+]i), and spatio-temporal properties of the Ca2+ sparks, significantly. Timolol also antagonized hyperphosphorylation of cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), and significantly restored depleted protein levels of both RyR2 and calstabin2. Western blot analysis demonstrated that timolol-treatment also significantly normalized depressed levels of some [Ca2+]i-handling regulators, such as Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and phospho-phospholamban (pPLN) to PLN ratio. Incubation of diabetic cardiomyocytes with 4-mM glutathione exerted similar beneficial effects on RyR2-macromolecular complex and basal levels of both [Ca2+]i and [Zn2+]i, increased intracellular Zn2+ hyperphosphorylated RyR2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Timolol also led to a balanced oxidant/antioxidant level in both heart and circulation and prevented altered cellular redox state of the heart. We thus report, for the first time, that the preventing effect of timolol, directly targeting heart, seems to be associated with a normalization of macromolecular complex of RyR2 and some Ca2+ handling regulators, and prevention of Ca2+ leak, and thereby normalization of both [Ca2+]i and [Zn2+]i homeostasis in diabetic rat heart, at least in part by controlling the cellular redox status of hyperglycemic cardiomyocytes.
Susceptibility of planar and 3D tri-gate technologies to muon-induced single event upsets

We report on muon-induced single event upsets (SEU) in SRAMs built on 32nm planar and 22nm and 14nm 3D Tri-Gate technologies. Experimental cross sections were measured using the M20C positive muon beamline at TRIUMF. Physics-based simulations were conducted to estimate sea-level SEU rates for both, positive and negative muons. Our results indicate that the muon induced upset rate is negligible compared to neutron induced upset rate, and the introduction of 3D Tri-Gate transistors reduced the susceptibility to muons by approximately two orders of magnitude relative to 32nm planar cross sections.