Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERDASARKAN MASALAH (PROBLEM BASED LEARNING) DISERTAI MEDIA FOTO KEJADIAN FISIKA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA DI SMAN 2 JEMBER

This research focused on the implementation of Problem Based Learning Model along with physics phenomenon photo media.The purposes of the research are to study the influence of the model to students’ physics learning activity and students’ achievement.A kind of this research is experimentalresearch by post test only control group design.The population of the research is students of class X MIA in SMA 2 Jember, while the sample is the students of class X- MIA 4 as experiment class and X MIA 6 as controlled class. The techniqueof data collection are a documentary, observation, interview, and test. The techniuque of data analysis are descriptive and inferential. Both of two problem purposes are analysed by independent sample t-test.The result of problem formulation number one showe that student’s physics learning activities in experiment class is 79,47% which categorized as active, while the result of controlled class is 42,60% which categorized as good. The analysis on Independent Sample t-test on student learning activity of physics on the first and second meeting showes the significance 0,000 ≤ 0,05. The data analysis of student’s achievement physics shows significance that equals to 0,031 ≤ 0,05. The studyit can be concluded that the problem based learning with physics phenomenon photo media has significant influence to the student’s physics learning activities in class X SMAN 2 Jember and the problem based learning along with physics phenomenon photo media has significant influence to the student’s physics achievement in X SMAN 2 Jember.
10-Gb/s transmission performance for positive- and negative-chirped transmitters with the self-phase modulation effect

We have estimated the effective /spl alpha/-parameter of the extended transmitters in the presence of self-phase modulation (SPM) induced chirp. The /spl alpha/-parameter of transmitters is effectively lowered to about 1, when the SPM effect is included, compared to the /spl alpha/-parameter of the transmitter alone. This lowered effective /spl alpha/-parameter has improved the transmission performance significantly regardless of the transmitter operating with positive or negative chirp. The SPM-induced effective /spl alpha/-parameter can be used as a design parameter for high-speed (10 Gb/s) transmission systems.
Distribution of GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in the macaque striate cortex

Antisera to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been used to characterize the morphology and distribution of presumed GABAergic neurons and axon terminals within the macaque striate cortex. Despite some differences in the relative sensitivity of these antisera for detecting cell bodies and terminals, the overall patterns of labeling appear quite similar. GABAergic axon terminals are particularly prominent in zones known to receive the bulk of the projections from the lateral geniculate nucleus; laminae 4C, 4A, and the cytochrome‐rich patches of lamina 3. In lamina 4A, GABAergic terminals are distributed in a honeycomb pattern which appears to match closely the spatial pattern of geniculate terminations in this region. Quantitative analysis of axon terminals that contain flat vesicles and form symmetric synaptic contacts (FS terminals) in lamina 4Cβ and in lamina 5 suggest that the prominence of GAD and GABA axon terminal labeling in the geniculate recipient zones is due, at least in part, to the presence of larger GABAergic axon terminals in these regions.
Knowledge and Perception of Adolescents on Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights in Ghana: A Case Study of Yamoransa in the Mfantseman Municipality

According to the 2010 Population and Housing Census report of Ghana, Yamoransa has one of the highest number of young adolescents in the Mfantseman Municipality. However, it appears there is no evidence of empirical study conducted on adolescents’ knowledge and perception of sexual and reproductive health rights. Meanwhile, sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) are the foundation of sexual and reproductive health outcomes of young people. To fill this literature gap, Original Research Article Yendaw et al.; BJESBS, 8(3): 147-158, 2015; Article no.BJESBS. 2015.108 148 this study assessed adolescents’ knowledge and perception of SRHR using 209 adolescent residents in the study area. Data for the study were collected through the survey approach. The study has shown that over 80% of the respondents have heard and known some aspects of SRHR. However, a higher proportion of female adolescents (56%) as compared to male adolescents (46.2%) lacked knowledge on how ignorance of one’s SRHR could lead to sexual rights violations. The view that men should be the sole decision makers on sexual issues was held by some adolescents. The study, therefore, recommends that government and other relevant stakeholders such as UNICEF should educate and empower young people to exercise their SRHR during adolescence and in adulthood.
A reduction of prothrombin conversion by cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass shifts the haemostatic balance towards bleeding

Summary Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with blood loss and post-surgery thrombotic complications. The process of thrombin generation is disturbed during surgery with CPB because of haemodilution, coagulation factor consumption and heparin administration. We aimed to investigate the changes in thrombin generation during cardiac surgery and its underlying pro- and anticoagulant processes, and to explore the clinical consequences of these changes using in silico experimentation. Plasma was obtained from 29 patients undergoing surgery with CPB before heparinisation, after heparinisation, after haemodilution, and after protamine administration. Thrombin generation was measured and prothrombin conversion and thrombin inactivation were quantified. In silico experimentation was used to investigate the reaction of patients to the administration of procoagulant factors and/or anticoagulant factors. Surgery with CPB causes significant coagulation factor consumption and a reduction of thrombin generation. The total amount of prothrombin converted and the rate of prothrombin conversion decreased during surgery. As the surgery progressed, the relative contribution of α2-macroglobulin-dependent thrombin inhibition increased, at the expense of antithrombin-dependent inhibition. In silico restoration of post-surgical prothrombin conversion to pre-surgical levels increased thrombin generation excessively, whereas co-administration of antithrombin resulted in the normalisation of post-surgical thrombin generation. Thrombin generation is reduced during surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass because of a balance shift between prothrombin conversion and thrombin inactivation. According to in silico predictions of thrombin generation, this new balance increases the risk of thrombotic complications with prothrombin complex concentrate administration, but not if antithrombin is co-administered.
The Effect of Explicit Reference Points on Consumer Choice and Online Bidding Behavior

Sellers often explicitly suggest to buyers that they compare one option to other reference options. Building on the notion that loss aversion is more pronounced when comparisons are explicit rather than implicit, we propose that the mere fact that consumers are explicitly told to make particular comparisons induces more risk-averse, cautious choice and bidding behavior. This proposition was supported in a field experiment involving real online auctions, in which comparisons among listings either were done spontaneously by bidders or were encouraged using an explicit instruction to compare the focal auction with adjacent listings. Results showed that explicit reference points 1 diminished the influence of adjacent auction prices on the focal auction's price; 2 led participants to submit fewer, lower, and later bids; 3 increased the incidence of sniping; 4 decreased bidding frenzy; and 5 decreased the tendency to bid on multiple items simultaneously. The impact of explicit comparisons on risk-averse behavior was further tested in a very different context using a laboratory choice experiment. In that study, explicit instructions to compare option sets increased the tendency to choose the compromise, low-risk, and all-average alternatives. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this research.
Mujeres y hombres en las élites políticas españolas : ¿diferencias o similitudes?

This paper analyses gender differences in the Spanish political elite by drawing on data obtained from the research conducted by the authors in 1997 on men and women members of parliament in the present legislature. The paper begins with an introductory analysis of the factors which account for the large percentage, in comparative terms, of women who have carved out a presence for themselves in Spain's political elite and the factors which explain the prevailing differences between the number of men and women in politics. In this paper, the authors try to answer three basic questions: (1) Do differences exist between the men and women in Spain's political elite? (2) What are the reasons for the narrower presence of women in positions of political authority? , and (3) Can we talk about differences in the way men and women exercise their leadership?
Malaria-Infected Mice Are Cured by a Single Low Dose of a New Silylamide Trioxane Plus Mefloquine

Three thermally and hydrolytically stable silylamide trioxanes have been prepared from the natural trioxane artemisinin in only five simple chemical steps and in at least 56% overall yield. Two of these new chemical entities completely cured malaria-infected mice at a single oral dose of only 8 mg/kg combined with 24 mg/kg of mefloquine hydrochloride. The high efficacy of this ACT chemotherapy is considerably better than the efficacy using the popular trioxane drug artemether plus mefloquine hydrochloride.
Efeito in vitro de soluções homeopáticas sobre Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) Sorok (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae)

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of homeopathic solutions Arsenicum Album 24CH; Calcarea carbonica 30CH; Kali iodatum 100CH;Phosphorus 3CH; Silicea 30CH;Staphysagria 6, 30 and 100CH; Spodoptera frugiperda 30CH; Sulphur 100 and 200CH andThuya occidentalis 200CH on biological parameters of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae . The solutions were diluted in sterile distilled water (0.1%) and were sprayed on the previously inoculated fungus on PDA culture medium. Germination, colony forming units, vegetative growth, conidial production and insecticidal activity of the fungus against larvae of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were evaluated. Homeopathic solutions did not affect negatively the parameters evaluated. Thus, all treatments were considered compatible to the fungusM. anisopliae.
Plasmodium relictum infection and MHC diversity in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus)

Antagonistic coevolution between hosts and parasites has been proposed as a mechanism maintaining genetic diversity in both host and parasite populations. In particular, the high level of genetic diversity usually observed at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is generally thought to be maintained by parasite-driven selection. Among the possible ways through which parasites can maintain MHC diversity, diversifying selection has received relatively less attention. This hypothesis is based on the idea that parasites exert spatially variable selection pressures because of heterogeneity in parasite genetic structure, abundance or virulence. Variable selection pressures should select for different host allelic lineages resulting in population-specific associations between MHC alleles and risk of infection. In this study, we took advantage of a large survey of avian malaria in 13 populations of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) to test this hypothesis. We found that (i) several MHC alleles were either associated with increased or decreased risk to be infected with Plasmodium relictum, (ii) the effects were population specific, and (iii) some alleles had antagonistic effects across populations. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that diversifying selection in space can maintain MHC variation and suggest a pattern of local adaptation where MHC alleles are selected at the local host population level.
Coupled collaborative in-class activities and individual follow-up homework promote interactive engagement and improve student learning outcomes in a college-level Environmental Geology course

Interactive engagement pedagogies that emerge from a constructivist model of teaching and learning are often a challenge to implement in larger classes for a number of reasons including the physical layout of the classroom (e.g. fixed chairs in an amphitheater-style room), the logistics of organizing a large number of students into small peer-learning groups, the ability of a single instructor to personally interact with each of many small groups, and the design of small group activities that are engaging and facilitate student learning. For a large introductory-level Environmental Geology college course, 5 coupled collaborative class-long in-class activities and individual follow-up homework were designed and implemented around key topics and specific learning goals. The goals behind designing and implementing these coupled in-class activities and homework were to (1) improve student attitudes towards science and learning science and (2) improve their content knowledge and conceptual understanding. To evaluate the extent to which these goals were achieved, 5 forms of assessment were used: a pre-instruction entrance questionnaire, pre- and post-instruction attitudinal surveys, pre- and post-instruction course tests, a post-instruction exit questionnaire, and post -instruction exit interviews. The findings from these forms of assessment suggest that the coupled in-class activities and individual follow-up homework improved targeted student learning outcomes.
Radiographic Predictors of Residual Low Back Pain After Laminectomy for Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis: Minimum 5-year Follow-up

Study Design Retrospective study of patients who underwent laminectomy for unification. Objective To identify radiographic predictors of residual low back pain (LBP) after laminectomy for lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LCS). Summary of Background Data Residual LBP is a common complication of laminectomy and no radiographic predictors of its occurrence have been identified previously. Methods Clinical results and radiographic findings in 49 patients (21 males and 28 females, minimum 5-year follow-up) who underwent single level laminectomy for LCS were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who had an improvement in LBP scores in the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system during the follow-up periods were classified as the recovery group, whereas those without improvements were classified as the nonrecovery group. Patients' clinical data (sex, duration of symptoms, age at surgery, JOA scores) and radiographic parameters (including lumbar lordotic angle, lumbar range of motion (ROM) and the intervertebral rotational angle) were analyzed to detect the factors significantly related with the occurrence of residual LBP. Results The average preoperative JOA score of 14.8±5.1 points improved to 21.6±5.5 points at the final follow-up providing an average recovery rate of 48.1±36.8%. Thirty-four and 15 patients were classified into the recovery and the nonrecovery groups, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that significant predictors of residual LBP were preoperative lumbar lordosis angle and lumbar ROM. The mean preoperative lumbar lordosis and ROM in the nonrecovery group were significantly smaller than those in the recovery group (lordosis: 25.3±15.8 degrees vs. 37.8±13.6 degrees, P=0.006 and ROM: 22.1±10.6 degrees vs. 31.2±9.9 degrees, P=0.006). In addition, increase of the postoperative lumbar ROM was significantly larger in the nonrecovery than that in the recovery group (P=0.009). Conclusions Our results indicate that preoperative lordosis angle and lumbar ROM were the significant radiographic predictors for residual LBP after laminectomy for LCS. Patient with flatback and limited lumbar mobility before surgery are prone to suffer residual LBP. It is suggested that these sagittal radiographic parameters should be taken into account when choosing laminectomy as the surgical option for LCS.
Using Learning Analytics to Visualise Computer Science Teamwork

Industry has called upon academia to better prepare Computer Science graduates for teamwork, especially in developing the soft skills necessary for collaborative work. However, the teaching and assessment of teamwork is not easy, with instructors being pressed for time and a lack of tools available to efficiently analyse student teamwork, where large cohorts are involved. We have developed a teamwork dashboard, founded on learning analytics, learning theory and teamwork models that analyses students' online teamwork discussion data and visualises the team mood, role distribution and emotional climate. This tool allows educators to easily monitor teams in real-time. Educators may use the tool to provide students with feedback about team interactions as well as to identify problematic teams. We present a case study, trialing the dashboard on one university Computer Science course and include reflections from the course lecturer to determine its utility in monitoring online student teamwork.
Alternative use of chromatic and achromatic cues in a hawkmoth

The diurnal hummingbird hawkmoth Macroglossum stellatarum can learn the achromatic (intensity-related) and the chromatic (wavelength-related) aspect of a spectral colour. Free-flying moths learn to discriminate two colours differing in the chromatic aspect of colour fast and with high precision. In contrast, they learn the discrimination of two stimuli differing in the achromatic aspect more slowly and less reliably. When trained to use the chromatic aspect, they disregard the achromatic aspect, and when trained to use the achromatic aspect, they disregard the chromatic aspect, at least to some degree. In a conflicting situation, hummingbird hawkmoths clearly rely on the chromatic aspect of colour. Generally, the moths pay attention to the most reliable cue that allows them to discriminate colours in the learning situation. This is usually the chromatic aspect of the colour but they can learn to attend to the achromatic aspect instead. There is no evidence for relative colour learning, i.e. moths do not learn to choose the longer or shorter of two wavelengths, but it is possible that they learn to choose the darker or brighter shade of a colour, and thereby its relative intensities.
MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software

UNLABELLED We have developed a new software package, Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 2 (MEGA2), for exploring and analyzing aligned DNA or protein sequences from an evolutionary perspective. MEGA2 vastly extends the capabilities of MEGA version 1 by: (1) facilitating analyses of large datasets; (2) enabling creation and analyses of groups of sequences; (3) enabling specification of domains and genes; (4) expanding the repertoire of statistical methods for molecular evolutionary studies; and (5) adding new modules for visual representation of input data and output results on the Microsoft Windows platform. AVAILABILITY http://www.megasoftware. net. CONTACT s.kumar@asu.edu
Linking theory and practice: teacher research in history and geography classrooms

Abstract The impact of scholarly research in education on the educational practice in secondary school is low. Academics examine problems that teachers in school perceive as irrelevant, want to publish in peer-reviewed journals instead of disseminate their work, and aim at generalizing insights rather than improving school practice. Teacher research might be a way to link educational academic research and teaching practice aiming at furthering professionalism in teaching, improving teaching practice and extending the knowledge base on teaching and learning. Four experienced secondary school teachers systematically investigated their classes, guided by a supervisor. Their materials as well as formal and informal communication with their supervisor and with each other were analysed. Related to their research projects, these teachers reported significant changes in their understanding of student learning and their teaching. They took different perspectives on teaching, looked at alternative solutions for problems, and reflected more deeply on their own teaching as well as teaching of their colleagues. Although each of them published an article in a peer-reviewed journal, they reported difficulties with extending the knowledge base on teaching and learning. Not only did they rarely share results with their colleagues in school because they were perceived as external researchers, they also struggled with writing journal articles and coping with peer reviews. We discuss the value of situated generalization as one of the implications and discuss how teacher research could lead to a new in-between research practice, linking theory and practice, and researchers and teachers.
Energy-efficient forwarding strategies for geographic routing in lossy wireless sensor networks

Recent experimental studies have shown that wireless links in real sensor networks can be extremely unreliable, deviating to a large extent from the idealized perfect-reception-within-range models used in common network simulation tools. Previously proposed geographic routing protocols commonly employ a maximum-distance greedy forwarding technique that works well in ideal conditions. However, such a forwarding technique performs poorly in realistic conditions as it tends to forward packets on lossy links. We identify and illustrate this weak-link problem and the related distance-hop trade-off, whereby energy efficient geographic forwarding must strike a balance between shorter, high-quality links, and longer lossy links. The study is done for scenarios with and without automatic repeat request (ARQ). Based on an analytical link loss model, we study the distance-hop trade-off via mathematical analysis and extensive simulations of a wide array of blacklisting/link-selection strategies; we also validate some strategies using a set of real experiments on motes. Our analysis, simulations and experiments all show that the product of the packet reception rate (PRR) and the distance traversed towards destination is the optimal forwarding metric for the ARQ case, and is a good metric even without ARQ. Nodes using this metric often take advantage of neighbors in the transitional region (high-variance links). Our results also show that reception-based forwarding strategies are more efficient than purely distance-based strategies; relative blacklisting schemes reduce disconnections and achieve higher delivery rates than absolute blacklisting schemes; and that ARQ schemes become more important in larger networks.
Time Scarcity and the Market for News∗

We develop a theory of news coverage in environments of information abundance. Time-constrained consumers browse through news items across competing outlets. They choose which outlets to access and which stories to read or skip, thus indirectly deciding how much time to spend on a given outlet. Firms decide on rankings of news items that maximize their profits. We show that even when readers (or television viewers) and firms are rational and unbiased, they spend more time on the news than they would like and not necessarily on the topics they prefer. In particular, relevant news items may be crowded out. We then study how reader-efficient standards can be restored and derive implications on diverse aspects of current media, including advertising and reader preference for like-minded news.