Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Salvage With Amprenavir and Lopinavir/Ritonavir: Correlation of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Resistance With Pharmacodynamics

Abstract:The safety, efficacy, and mutual interactions of combination amprenavir with lopinavir/ritonavir as deep salvage treatment were investigated in a prospective 24-week pilot study. HIV-infected patients (n = 22) with virologic failure to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-NRTIs, and at least 2 protease inhibitors received 400/100 mg of lopinavir/ritonavir with 600 mg of amprenavir every 12 hours combined with NRTIs. Patients receiving the same doses of lopinavir/ritonavir (n = 10) or amprenavir with ritonavir (n = 8) were chosen as controls for pharmacokinetic analyses. Mean changes from baseline HIV RNA levels and CD4 counts after 24 weeks were −1.13 log10 copies/mL and +88 × 106 cells/L, respectively. The mean plasma trough concentration (Cmin)and peak concentration (Cmax) of amprenavir were 104% and 228% lower and the Cmin of lopinavir was 46% lower in patients in whom the drugs were coadministered than in controls. There were 4 permanent drug discontinuations because of toxicity. An inhibitory quotient (IQ) of amprenavir higher than 0.8 was the best predictor of virologic outcome at 24 weeks, even after adjusting for amprenavir Cmin or phenotypic susceptibility. Deep salvage therapy using lopinavir/ritonavir with amprenavir is sufficiently safe and shows partial efficacy. When these drugs are coadministered, therapeutic drug monitoring should be employed and the IQ can be used to determine target drug levels.
Extensible Dependency Grammar: A New Methodology

This paper introduces the new grammar formalism of Extensible Dependency Grammar (XDG), and emphasizes the benefits of its methodology of explaining complex phenomena by interaction of simple principles on multiple dimensions of linguistic description. This has the potential to increase modularity with respect to linguistic description and grammar engineering, and to facilitate concurrent processing and the treatment of ambiguity.
PATTERN AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CORRELATES OF PARENT-CHILD COMMUNICATION ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ISSUES IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA: A MIXED METHOD STUDY

The objective of this study was to investigate parental perception, attitude and the influence of socio-economic and demographic factors on the willingness to engage in sexual and reproductive health communication with their adolescents. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed in collection and analysis of the primary data. Data analysis for the quantitative aspect was carried out using SPSS statistical package. Univariate analysis was used to determine the perception and attitude of parents while logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis in assessing the factors influencing parent child communication. Focus group discussion (FGD) was used for the qualitative data collection. Four FGD sessions were conducted, with different sessions for educated and non-formally educated parents (both males and females) in each town. An average of eight persons participated in each FGD session. Text Based Beta computer software was employed to analyze the qualitative data. The results showed that almost all parents (97.6%) were of the view that adolescents in secondary schools were sexually active. However (90.4%) did not believe their own adolescent son(s)/daughter(s) were sexually active. Majority of the respondents specified the age of 15 years as the appropriate time for both male (59.6%) and female (65.1%) children to be exposed to parental discussion on reproductive health issues. The proportion that found it to be “very acceptable” for parents to discuss reproductive issues with their children varied from 23.2% at age 10 to 87.3% at age 19 for boys, while for girls it varied from 26.0% at age 10 years to 87.9% at age 19 years. Qualitative analysis also confirmed these findings and even some uneducated parents opined that sexuality issues should not be discussed with children as such would unnecessarily expose them to sex or make them curious about sex. The gender of the parent was the only important predictor of parent-child communication on reproductive health issues (p<0.01) and males were two times more likely than females to discuss reproductive health issues with their children. The results clearly portrays the need to sensitise parents to the need for parent-child communication on sexual and reproductive health issues.
Brooding and attentional control in processing self-encoded information: Evidence from a modified Garner task

The association between brooding and reflection, components of rumination, and attentional control, was examined using a novel executive attention task. Participants (n=156) self-encoded words from two semantic categories by providing autobiographical memories involving the words. They subsequently classified the self-encoded and non-self encoded (new) words into the two semantic categories. The degree to which stimuli self-encoding interfered with semantic classification was used as a measure of attentional control impairment. Whereas brooding was positively associated with attentional impairment, reflection was negatively associated with such impairment. These associations were not attributable to current depression levels or to differences in the nature (valence and meaningfulness) of the autobiographical memories generated by participants. These findings emphasise the importance of self-referential processing biases in rumination.
Respiratory function in systemic lupus erythematosus: relation with activity and severity

The objective of this study was to examine the relation between respiratory function tests, disease activity and disease severity in ambulatory patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who did not present with overt respiratory problems. Lung volumes, maximal expiratory flows at 50% and 25% of vital capacity (MEF50 and MEF25), bronchial threshold to methacholine (PD15FEV 1), transfer factor CO (KCO) were measured in 24 consecutive SLE outpatients (22 women, age 41 ± 14.8 years) and in 24 healthy controls matched for age and sex. In SLE patients alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaO2) was also measured. Disease activity was assessed by European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM) scoring system and disease severity by Lupus Severity of Disease Index. In comparison to controls SLE patients showed a significant decrease of total lung capacity (TLC) (91.7 ± 16.5 vs 102.7 ± 12.9% predicted, P < 0.01), MEF25 (58.4 ± 25.2 vs 73.5 ± 19.5% predicted, P < 0.005), PD15FEV1 (2164 ± 1122 vs 4230 ± 1014 μg methacholine, P < 0.0001) and KCO (77.1 ± 20.5 vs 96.3 ± 12.4% predicted, P < 0.001). AaO2 (mean value 13.2 ± 8.4) was abnormally high (>20 mm Hg) in 12 patients. The ECLAM score of activity was inversely related with KCO (r = 0.48, P < 0.02). The severity index was significantly related with FEV1/VC ratio (r = 0.43, P < 0.05), MEF50 (r = 0.51, P < 0.01), MEF25 (r = 0.40, P < 0.05) and PD15FEV1 (r = 0.51, P < 0.01). In eight patients, evaluated also after treatment intensification, there was a significant increase in KCO (from 71.8 ± 24.7 to 84.9 ± 22.3% predicted, P < 0.01) along with a decrease in ECLAM score (from 3.0 ± 1.34 to 0.69 ± 0.75, P < 0.01). The relation between disease activity and KCO suggests a relation between systemic and alveolar inflammation whereas the relation between severity index, airway patency and reactivity indices suggests a cumulative damage to the airways in SLE patients, even in the absence of overt respiratory manifestations.
Peroxidases Bound to the Growing Lignin Polymer Produce Natural Like Extracellular Lignin in a Cell Culture of Norway Spruce

Lignin, an important component of plant cell walls, is a polymer of monolignols derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. Monolignols are oxidized in the cell wall by oxidative enzymes (peroxidases and/or laccases) to radicals, which then couple with the growing lignin polymer. We have investigated the characteristics of the polymerization reaction by producing lignin polymers in vitro using different oxidative enzymes and analyzing the structures formed with NMR. The ability of the enzymes to oxidize high-molecular-weight compounds was tested using cytochrome c as a substrate. The results support an idea that lignin structure is largely determined by the concentration ratios of the monolignol (coniferyl alcohol) and polymer radicals involved in the coupling reaction. High rate of the lignin polymer oxidation compared to monolignol oxidation leads to a natural-like structure. The high relative rate can be achieved by an open active site of the oxidative enzyme, close proximity of the enzyme with the polymeric substrate or simply by high enzymatic activity that consumes monolignols rapidly. Monolignols, which are oxidized efficiently, can be seen as competitive inhibitors of polymer oxidation. Our results indicate that, at least in a Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) cell culture, a group of apoplastic, polymer-oxidizing peroxidases bind to the lignin polymer and are responsible for production of natural-like lignin in cell suspension cultures in vivo, and also in vitro. The peroxidases bound to the extracellular lignin had the highest ability to bind to various cell wall polymers in vitro. Extracellular lignin contains pectin-type sugars, making them possible attachment points for these cationic peroxidases.
Videotape instruction versus illustrations for influencing quality of performance, motivation, and confidence to perform simple and complex exercises in healthy subjects

This study compared videotape instruction (dynamic modeling) to instruction via still-photograph illustrations (static modeling) for influencing the quality of performance, motivation, and confidence of subjects performing common simple and complex exercises. Ten male and ten female subjects were randomly assigned to either a static or dynamic demonstration group. Subjects were scheduled for an acquisition session and retention test 24 hours apart. In acquisition, subjects viewed the static or dynamic model before performing four trials of each exercise. In the retention test, modeling was absent and subjects had to recall the exercises from memory in order to perform. Subjects were videotaped performing the exercises in acquisition and retention for subsequent rating of form by two raters independently. After the retention test, subjects viewed the alternative mode of modeling and were surveyed about the mode they found most motivating, and the mode engendering the most confidence about performing the exercises correctly. Analysis of form rating scores indicated the dynamic group to have significantly higher ratings of form in both acquisition and retention. The survey indicated that the dynamic group was more motivated to perform the exercises in a home environment, and more confident about performing the exercises correctly. Additionally, all subjects indicated a preference for using videotape over illustrations to learn the exercises. The findings suggested dynamic modeling via videotape was more effective than static illustrations for promoting correct form for the exercises. In addition, videotape modeling was indicated as more appropriate for encouraging confidence and motivation in an unsupervised exercise environment, such as a home exercise program.
Performance Appraisal of Physical Education Teachers.

In this study, the aim was to determine views of school principals on how performance appraisal of physical education teachers who worked at primary schools should be done. The research was designed in screening model. The research group composed of 152 school principals and deputy principals who worked at state primary schools located in the city centers of Kayseri, Korehir and Nevehir during 2011 to 2012 academic years in Turkey. As the data collection tool; Scale of Performance Evaluation Criteria for Physical Education Teachers -a five-point Likert scale- containing 49 items/statements which was developed was used. In order to assess the data; descriptive statistical methods (numbers, percentages, means, standard deviations) were utilized. In order to compare the quantitative data; Mann Whitney-U test was used for the differences between two groups while Kruskall Wallis test was used for the comparison of the inter-group parameters when more than two groups were concerned. The correlation between the subscales was analyzed with Spearman correlation analysis. The findings were assessed with 95% confidence interval and 5% significance level. As a result; performance appraisal of the physical education teachers should not be conducted with subjective criterias. General performance appraisal criteria, intracurricular performance appraisal criteria, extracurricular performance appraisal criteria, administrative performance criteria, factors to decrease performance criteria, things to consider in performance appraisal criteria and use of performance appraisal outcomes in different decisions criteria should be used in physical education teachers' performance appraisal system.
Delinquent Peers and Offending

Measures of delinquent peers have been found to predict a wide variety of antisocial behaviors, but few studies have examined the role that biological factors may play in moderating the delinquent peers–delinquency relationship. Using a sample of adolescent males drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (N = 3,557), we explore whether variants of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) interact with associations with substance-using peers to affect self-reported delinquency. Results of negative binomial regressions reveal that affiliations with delinquent peers interact with the 10R allele of DAT1 to influence offending, net of control variables for self-control, and respondent’s substance use. Most important, a statistically significant effect of affiliations with delinquent peers on delinquency is only evident for males who carry two 10R DAT1 alleles (vs. zero or one). Thus, DAT1 may be implicated in antisocial behavior by rendering some individuals more susceptible to the influences of delinquent peers. Implications for criminological theory are discussed.
Aggregate Production Functions and the Accounting Identity Critique: Criticisms and Misunderstandings with Special Reference to Temple

The aggregate production function continues to be widely used, notwithstanding the fact that the Cambridge capital theory controversies and aggregation problems have shown that its foundations are tenuous in the extreme. The main reason for its use seems to be the instrumentalist position according to which aggregate production functions “work”, in that they usually, but not always, give close statistical fits with plausible estimates of the parameters. However, Anwar Shaikh was one of the first to show that this is simply the result of the existence of an underlying accounting identity together with the use of value data. This interpretation with reference to the subsequent work of Felipe and McCombie has been challenged by Temple in two articles. While Temple concedes the argument has some validity, he erroneously believes, inter alia, that the critique only holds under certain ad hoc assumptions. As a consequence, he argues that the criticism only works “part time”. This paper further discusses Temple’s arguments and demonstrates that none of them is compelling and the critique, in fact, works “full time”. Because of the underlying accounting identity, estimates of the parameters of aggregate production functions cannot be regarded as reflecting the underlying technology of the industry or economy and Anwar Shaikh’s original insights remain valid.
Vector field based shape deformations

We present an approach to define shape deformations by constructing and interactively modifying C1 continuous time-dependent divergence-free vector fields. The deformation is obtained by a path line integration of the mesh vertices. This way, the deformation is volume-preserving, free of (local and global) self-intersections, feature preserving, smoothness preserving, and local. Different modeling metaphors support the approach which is able to modify the vector field on-the-fly according to the user input. The approach works at interactive frame rates for moderate mesh sizes, and the numerical integration preserves the volume with a high accuracy.
[Risk factors of the failure in digit replantation].

OBJECTIVE To explore the relative factors on the failure in digit replantation in order to take preventions to control the risk factors. METHODS From January 2013 to December 2013, 236 consecutive patients (311 fingers) underwent digit replantation were collected to analyze retrospectively, involving 183 males and 53 females with an average age of 34.5 years old ranging from 2 to 62 years old (6 cases under 6 years old and 230 cases elder than 6 years old). There were 51 thumbs, 87 index fingers, 78 middle fingers, 63 ring fings and 32 little thumbs. Forty cases(forty fings) who were failured as the observation group, the others as the control group. The factors of age, gender, finger, cause of injury, smoking history, ischemia duration, plane of division, condition of venous drainage and condition of arterial repair we assessed. RESULTS All 236 cases with 311 fingers were replanted, 40 fingers were failured after operation. The relative factors on the failure in digit replantation included smoking history, cause of injury, plane of division, condition of venous drainage and condition of arterial repair (P< 0.05). There were no significant correlation between the failure and age, gender, finger and ischemia duration (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Smoking history, causes of injury, plane of division, condition of venous drainage and condition of arterial repair are risks of failure in digit replantation. Before choosing the type of operation, it should be think about the patient's general conditions, injury status, grasp firmly the operative indications and actively carry out surgical treatment.
The Motivational and Information Needs of Young Innovators: Stimulating Student Creativity and Inventive Thinking

Innovation is the essence of the American spirit. In the twenty-first century, it will be the innovative thinkers who will make the greatest contributions to our society, find cures for diseases, create technologies that enrich our lives, and find innovative solutions to the world’s problems. Schools must provide more opportunities for students to create, innovate, and explore their ideas; the school library is the one place in the school in which all children can think outside the box, seeking solutions to real-world problems that interest and challenge them. This article describes a study conducted by a research team at Syracuse University’s Center for Digital Literacy, in collaboration with the Connecticut Invention Convention, investigating the attitudes toward innovation activities, motivational supports, and information needs of young innovators in grade 4–8 as they progressed through the innovation process. Implications of this initial research are that school librarians have an opportunity to (1) provide “innovation spaces” that foster curiosity and exploration within their libraries and (2) become role models or “innovation mentors” to all students, supporting their motivational and information needs throughout the innovation process.
Multiple Bone Metastases as the First Manifestation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patient with Noncirrhotic Liver

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally occurs on the background of chronic liver disease. Chronic hepatitides B and C and alcoholic liver disease are well-known risk factors for HCC, and it is uncommon in noncirrhotic liver. Extrahepatic metastasis seldom occurs in patients with early stage intrahepatic HCC and isolated bone metastases as a first documented extrahepatic metastasis is unusual presentation. In this report, we present a rare case of small solitary HCC (<3 cm) in noncirrhotic liver, presenting isolated bone metastases as a sole manifestation in patient with no well-known risk factors. This case suggests that HCC should be considered as one of differential diagnoses in patient presenting with multiple bone metastases, even in the absence of liver cirrhosis.
A MEASUREMENT OF SECONDARY COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES FROM THE 2500 SQUARE-DEGREE SPT-SZ SURVEY

We present measurements of secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies and cosmic infrared background (CIB) fluctuations using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) covering the complete 2540 deg2 SPT-SZ survey area. Data in the three SPT-SZ frequency bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, are used to produce six angular power spectra (three single-frequency auto-spectra and three cross-spectra) covering the multipole range 2000 < ℓ < 11, 000 (angular scales 5′ ≳ θ ≳ 1′). These are the most precise measurements of the angular power spectra at ℓ > 2500 at these frequencies. The main contributors to the power spectra at these angular scales and frequencies are the primary CMB, CIB, thermal and kinematic Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effects (tSZ and kSZ), and radio galaxies. We include a constraint on the tSZ power from a measurement of the tSZ bispectrum from 800 deg2 of the SPT-SZ survey. We measure the tSZ power at 143 GHz to be and the kSZ power to be . The data prefer positive kSZ power at 98.1% CL. We measure a correlation coefficient of between sources of tSZ and CIB power, with ξ < 0 disfavored at a confidence level of 99.0%. The constraint on kSZ power can be interpreted as an upper limit on the duration of reionization. When the post-reionization homogeneous kSZ signal is accounted for, we find an upper limit on the duration Δz < 5.4 at 95% CL.
Diagnosing, Diagnoses, and the DSM in Clinical Social Work

Previous research has addressed how social workers use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). These studies have treated psychiatric diagnosis as a single entity, assuming that attitude and use of the taxonomy are uniform across diagnostic categories. However, the 30 clinical social workers who took part in this qualitative study reported that salience and utility of DSM diagnoses vary according to type and severity of the disorder, playing a greater role for more severe conditions and affecting both treatment and the therapeutic relationship. They distinguished between thinking diagnostically and using the DSM, and considered symptoms a more useful analytic focus than psychiatric categories. Findings cover 7 thematic areas, with implications for social work practice, policy, and research.
nPKCε, a P2Y2-R downstream effector in regulated mucin secretion from airway goblet cells

Airway goblet cell mucin secretion is controlled by agonist activation of P2Y2 purinoceptors, acting through Gq/PLC, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), diacylglycerol, Ca2+ and protein kinase C (P.
NUMERICAL METHODS FOR THE SIMULATION OF DEFORMATIONS AND STRESSES IN TURBINE BLADE FIR-TREE CONNECTIONS

In this work, different numerical methods for simulating deformations and stresses in turbine blade fir-tree connections are examined. The main focus is on the Method of Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) and the Boundary Element Method (BEM). Generally, the fir-tree connections require a computationally expensive finite element setup. Their complex geometry exceeds the limitations of the faster numerical techniques which are used with great success within the framework of the half-space approximation. Ways of extending the application range of the MDR and the BEM to the particular problem of highly undulating surfaces of the fir-tree connection are shown and discussed.