Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new device for the measurement of air content in polar ice

Abstract A new device for measuring air content in polar ice has been designed, built and tested with 22 samples of Antarctic ice. The new technique is based on the barometric method which implies: (1) air extraction under vacuum by melting refreezing of the ice sample placed in a calibrated cell, and (2) accurate air-pressure and temperature measurements. The new apparatus simplifies the experimental procedure, decreases the duration of measurement and can eventually be used in the field. It provides results with an accuracy equivalent to or better than other methods previously used.
A New Multiplicative Inverse Architecture in Normal Basis Using Novel Concurrent Serial Squaring and Multiplication

Itoh and Tsujii proposed a fast algorithm for computing multiplicative inverses (inversions) over GF(2m) using normal bases by iterating single multiplications and cyclic shifts. Recently, the Itoh-Tsujii algorithm (ITA) has been modified to use two digit-level single multiplications. The improvements of the modified Itoh-Tsujii and its variant algorithms are based on reducing the computational latency at the expense of more area requirements. In this paper, we propose a new inversion architecture based on the classical IT algorithm (or improved one) utilizing a novel interleaved computations of two single multiplications and squarings at the digit-level. The new inverter outperforms previous modified Itoh-Tsujii algorithms (such as the Ternary Itoh-Tsujii and optimal 3-chain algorithms) in terms of its lower latency, higher throughput, and improved hardware efficiency. The efficiency of the proposed field inverter is demonstrated by comparisons based on application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) implementations results using the standard 65nm CMOS technology libraries.
Studies on the effect of specific antisera on the metabolism of cellular antigens. II. The synthesis and degradation of TL antigens of mouse cells in the presence of TL antiserum.

Thymus leukemia antigens and H-2a antigens were released in soluble form from ASL-1 leukemia cells (H-2a; TL 1,2,3) during extraction with the nonionic detergent, NP-40. They were isolated by immunoprecipitation with specific antisera and rabbit anti-mouse IgG. Specific antigens were obtained by the procedure because: 1) increasing radioactivity in immunoprecipitates of the NP-40 extracts of 3H-fucose or 125I-labeled ASL-1 cells was obtained with increasing amounts of H-2a or TL 1,3 antisera, but no significant amounts of radioactivity above control precipitates were detected in extracts incubated with H-2b antiserum; 2) the complete removal of TL antigens from the NP-40 extract of ASL-1 cells by immunoprecipitation with excess TL antisera had little effect upon the subsequent immunoprecipitation of H-2a antisera; 3) immunoprecipitates of NP-40 extracts of ASL-1 cells with H-2a antisera yielded one radioactive peak on acrylamide gel electrophoresis whereas the control immunoprecipitates with normal mouse serum or H-2b antiserum failed to yield any measurable peaks of radioactivity. The immunoprecipitates of NP-40 extracts of ASL-1 cells with TL 1,3 antiserum obtained from (BALB/c × C3H) F1 mice yielded two major peaks and one minor peak of radioactivity. Further analysis suggested that they represented TL, tumor antigens associated with ASL-1 leukemia cells, and an antigen of strain A mice which was foreign to (BALB/c × C3H) F1 mice, respectively.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST9 in Pigs in Thailand

Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important nosocomial and community-associated pathogen. Recently, livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) has emerged and disseminated in Europe and North America and now constitutes a considerable zoonotic burden in humans with risk factors of pig exposure, whereas the extent of the livestock reservoir is relatively unknown on other continents. Methodology/Principal Findings From March through April 2011, MRSA was identified in pigs from 3 out of 30 production holdings in Chang Mai Province, Thailand. Representative isolates were subjected to molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; all isolates had genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of LA-MRSA previously characterized in the region: they belonged to ST9, lacked the lukF-lukS genes encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and were resistant to multiple non-β-lactam antimicrobials. However, unlike other Asian LA-MRSA-ST9 variants, they were spa type t337 and harbored a different staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec IX. Conclusions/Significance A novel MRSA-ST9 lineage has been established in the pig population of Thailand, which differs substantially from LA-MRSA lineages found in other areas of the continent. The emergence of novel LA-MRSA lineages in the animal agriculture setting is worrisome and poses a serious threat to global public health.
An Analysis of the Effect of Global Warming on the Intensity of Atlantic Hurricanes Using a GCM with Statistical Refinement

Abstract A statistical intensity adjustment is utilized to extract information from tropical cyclone simulations in a 50-km-resolution global model. A simple adjustment based on the modeled and observed probability distribution of storm lifetime maximum wind speed allows the model to capture the differences between observed intensity distributions in active/inactive year composites from the 1981–2008 period in the North Atlantic. This intensity adjustment is then used to examine the atmospheric model’s responses to different sea surface temperature anomalies generated by coupled models for the late twenty-first century. In the North Atlantic all simulations produce a reduction in the total number of cyclones, but with large intermodel spread in the magnitude of the reduction. The intensity response is positively correlated with changes in frequency across the ensemble. However, there is, on average, an increase in intensity in these simulations despite the mean reduction in frequency. The authors argue th.
The Effects of Node Cooperation Level on Routing Performance in Delay Tolerant Networks

In this paper, we analyze the effect of different degrees of node cooperation on the performance of routing protocols for delay tolerant networks. We first present an accurate analytical characterization of the performance of epidemic and two-hops routing in terms of expected packet delivery rate under the standard assumption of fully cooperative node behavior. This characterization is itself an interesting result, since it requires accurately approximating the distribution of the packet delivery delay. We then use the results derived in the first part of the paper to analytically characterize epidemic routing protocol performance in presence of different degrees of node cooperation. We also performed extensive simulations for a broader set of routing protocols and cooperation scenarios. The results of our simulations show that, while epidemic routing provides the better PDR performance under all investigated degrees of network cooperation, binary SW routing can achieve comparable performance, with the potential of significantly reducing message overhead. Binary SW routing shows also the better resilience to lower node cooperation levels amongst the considered routing protocols. Finally, our results suggest that even a modest level of node cooperation is sufficient to achieve 3-4-fold performance improvement with respect to the most pessimistic scenario in which all potential forwarders drop messages.
Accommodation and spherical aberration

Purpose: The accommodation response to changing levels of longitudinal spherical aberration (LSA) was measured. The LSA of the eye is known to change from positive to negative as the level of accommodation of the eye increases. However, little is known about the effect of these changes in spherical aberration on the overall accommododation response. Methods: The existing monochromatic aberrations of three young subjects were measured using the objective aberroscope procedure across a range of accommodation levels. LSA was induced through the use of aspheric surface, rigid contact lenses (in-air) positioned over a 5 mm aperture at a distance of 12 mm from the eye. Seven levels of LSA were induced ranging from -3 D and +3 D of LSA. The subjects viewed a high contrast Maltese cross with the right eye at distances of 33 cm and 67 cm in photopic conditions. Measurements of accom~nodationle vel for each LSA condition were made from tlie left (occluded) eye using the Canon Autoref R-1, a free-space objective infra-red optometer. Results: For the three subjects who were tested, negative LSA caused an increased accommodation response and positive LSA a decreased accommodation response. Pooling the data across subjects and test distances, a linear regression on induced LSA versus accommodation response gave: Accommodation response (D) = 0.23 - 0.25 LSA (D) (rz= 0.90). Therefore, for every one dioptre of LSA, there was approximately 0.25 D of accommodation response. Some individual variations occurred and there was some apparent flattening of the slope at the extremes of induced LSA. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the accommodation response of the eye will be influenced by the natural changes in spherical aberration of the eye associated with accommodation and by optical corrections of the eye which induce spherical aberration.
Testing the Surge: Why Did Violence Decline in Iraq in 2007?

Why did violence decline in Iraq in 2007? Many policymakers and scholars credit the “surge,” or the program of U.S. reinforcements and doctrinal changes that began in January 2007. Others cite the voluntary insurgent stand-downs of the Sunni Awakening or say that the violence had simply run its course with the end of a wave of sectarian cleansing; still others credit an interaction between the surge and the Awakening. The difference matters for policy and scholarship, yet this debate has not moved from hypothesis to test. An assessment of the competing claims based on recently declassified data on violence at local levels and information gathered from seventy structured interviews with coalition participants finds little support for the cleansing or Awakening theses. Instead, a synergistic interaction between the surge and the Awakening was required for violence to drop as quickly and widely as it did: both were necessary; neither was sufficient. U.S. policy thus played an important role in reducing the violence in Iraq in 2007, but Iraq provides no evidence that similar methods will produce similar results elsewhere without local equivalents of the Sunni Awakening.
Unconditionally Stable Pressure-Correction Schemes for a Linear Fluid-Structure Interaction Problem

We consider in this paper numerical approximation of the linear fluid-structure interaction (FSI). We construct a new class of pressure-correction schemes for the linear FSI problem with a fixed interface, and prove rigorously that they are unconditionally stable. These schemes are computationally very efficient, as they lead to, at each time step, a coupled linear elliptic system for the velocity and displacement in the whole region and a discrete Poisson equation in the fluid region. AMS subject classifications: 74F10, 76D05, 65M12, 35Q30
A spectral analysis of the normal resting electrocardiogram.

Electrocardiographic (ECG) signals were recorded from ten normal resting male subjects using two bipolar lead configurations: sternal and axillary. The recordings were made under low-noise conditions with a recording system bandpass extending from dc to 10 kHz. The ECG data were digitized and spectrally analyzed using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The spectral analysis included both single ECG cycles and averaged ECG cycles. Slight differences were found between the averaged sternal and axillary ECG spectra in the low-frequency highamplitude range. An overall mean spectrum was produced as a bound for the normal resting male ECG spectrum as encountered in this study. The maximum value of this spectrum occurred at the fundamental (1.22 Hz); it had a -20-dB point at 36 Hz, -40-dB at 105 Hz, and -60-dB at 300 Hz. To investigate the effects of band-limiting on the ECG, an ideal digital filter was implemented using the FFT. It was found that waveform notching is caused by frequencies over a wide passband, waveform amplitude information extends only to 200 Hz, and waveform duration information lies below 60 Hz.
Search for ultraflat polynomials with plus and minus one coefficients

It is not known whether there exist polynomials with plus and minus one coefficients that are almost constant on the unit circle (called ultraflat). Extensive computations described in this paper strongly suggest such polynomials do not exist, and lead to conjectures about the precise degree to which flatness can be approached according to various criteria. The evidence shows surprisingly rapid convergence to limiting behavior. Connections to problems about the Golay merit factor, Barker sequences, Golay-Rudin-Shapiro polynomials, and others are discussed. Some results are presented on extensions where the coefficients are allowed to be roots of unity of orders larger than two. It is pointed out that one conjecture of Littlewood about polynomials with plus and minus one coefficients is true, while another is very likely to be false, as it is inconsistent with another Littlewood conjecture that is supported by the data.
Maximal binding levels of an H1 histone gene-specific factor in S-phase correlate with maximal H1 gene transcription

Levels of trans-acting factor (H1-SF) binding to the histone H1 gene-specific motif (5'-AAACACA-3' [L. S. Coles and J. R. E. Wells, Nucleic Acids Res. 13:585-594, 1985]) increase 12-fold from G1 to S-phase in synchronized cells and decrease again in G2 phase of the cell cycle. Since the H1 element is required for S-phase expression of H1 genes (S. Dalton and J. R. E. Wells, EMBO J. 7:49-56, 1988), it is likely that the increased levels of H1-SF binding component play an important role in S-phase regulation of H1 gene transcription.
PDRAM: A hybrid PRAM and DRAM main memory system

In this paper, we propose PDRAM, a novel energy efficient main memory architecture based on phase change random access memory (PRAM) and DRAM. The paper explores the challenges involved in incorporating PRAM into the main memory hierarchy of computing systems, and proposes a low overhead hybrid hardware-software solution for managing it. Our experimental results indicate that our solution is able to achieve average energy savings of 30% at negligible overhead over conventional memory architectures.
The crystal structure of julgoldite

Summary The structure of julgoldite, , has been determined and refined to an R value of 4·6 % based on 2417 symmetry-independent reflections, of which 765 are unobserved (weighted R = 4·3 %). The cell dimensions are a 8·922(4), b 6·081(3), c 19·432(9) Å, β 97·60(6)°, the space group is A2/m with Z = 4 and Dcalc 3·56 g cm-3. Julgoldite is isostructural with pumpellyite; the Si-O and Ca-O distances of julgoldite are identical, within experimental accuracy, with corresponding distances in pumpellyite; the Fe-O distances of julgoldite are about 0·09 Å longer than the corresponding (Al, Mg)-O distances in pumpellyite. The four hydroxyl groups and the extent of O-for-OH substitution are identified by valence-sum calculations.
Sensor Networks for Integration into Textile-Reinforced Composites

The integration of sensor networks into textile-reinforced composites enables monitoring of different physical values like strain, acceleration and temperature in a component. This paper presents a system concept of a modular sensor network supporting different sensor types and the wireless transmission of stored measurements. Sensor and transponder ASICs have been developed for realizing first demonstration examples. The feasibility of integration of discrete components and silicon chips was successfully verified in experiments with a composite made of glass fibers and polypropylene. Two demonstrators with fully functional integrated modules were fabricated in order to show the possibility of integrated strain monitoring and recording of impact events with wireless data transmission.
Associating Factors Regarding Nasogastric Tube Removal in Patients With Dysphagia After Stroke

Objective To demonstrate associating factors regarding nasogastric tube (NGT) removal in patients with dysphagia after stroke. Methods This study is a retrospective medical chart review. Patients were divided into non-brain stem (NBS) and brain stem (BS) groups. A videofluoroscopic swallowing study was conducted until swallowing functions were recovered. Initial disease status was measured using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Risk factors related to stroke were evaluated. The penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) was used as the swallowing test. Functional status was measured by Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Within each group, initial evaluations and their subsequent changes were compared according to the NGT removal status. Correlation between the NGT removal time and other initial factors were evaluated. Results Ninety-nine patients were allocated to the NBS group and 39 to the BS group. In NBS, age, PAS, MMSE, and MBI were significantly different according to the NGT removal status. In BS, smoking and PAS were significantly different. In NBS, changes in PAS, MMSE, and MBI were significantly different according to the NGT removal status. In BS, only PAS change was significantly different. In NBS, initial NIHSS, mRS, MMSE, and MBI were correlated with removal time. Conclusion In stroke patients with NTG, younger age, better initial disease and functional status seems to remove NGT in NBS stroke. Therefore, when deciding to remove NGT, those three factors should be considered discreetly.
Lack of prognostic value of mean corpuscular volume with capecitabine therapy in metastatic breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Capecitabine is an oral fluoropyrimidine derivative which is frequently used alone or in combination regimens for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Although overall and progression free survivals have increased in recent years with the use of new generation drugs, predictive factors that would further improve the outcomes are needed. Previous studies have demonstrated the relation between post-treatment increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and predicting therapy response as well as survival. The present study investigated the clinical impact of MCV elevation in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with capecitabine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data of a total of 82 patients from three centers followed between June 2005 and June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic data and hormone receptor status of the patients, as well as initial examination before and after treatment and data concerning progression were recorded. MCV ≥ 100 fl was considered as macrocytosis. Capecitabine was given at a dose of 2500 mg/m2 daily for 14 days every three weeks. Pre-treatment and post-treatment MCV and other parameters of complete blood count were recorded. Post-treatment initial evaluation was performed after 2 cycles of therapy. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 46.5 years (range 26-72 years) and 54% were premenopausal. Performance status was ECOG 0 and 1 in 81 (99%) patients. The median number of cycles for capecitabine therapy was 5 (min-max: 2-18). The median ΔMCV level (post-treatment values at sixth week - baseline) was 6.4. Whilst ΔMCV was ≥ 6.4 in 42 patients, it was <6.4 in 40 patients. Clinical benefit (complete response+partial response+stable disease) was observed in 37 (88%) of 42 patients with a median ΔMCV ≥ 6.4 and in 30 (75%) of 40 patients with ΔMCV <6.4 with no statistically significant difference (p=0.158). No significant difference was determined between the group with ΔMCV ≥ 6.4 and the group with ΔMCV <6.4 in terms of progression-free survival (11 vs 12 months) (p=0.55) and overall survival (20 months vs. 24 months) (p=0.11). CONCLUSIONS The identification of new predictive markers in metastatic breast cancer is very important. In some recent studies, increase in MCV has been suggested as a marker in tumor response. In the present study, however, no significant difference was determined between tumor response and increase in MCV. Further studies including higher numbers of patients are needed to determine whether increase in MCV is a predictive marker or not.
Using targeted symbolic execution for reducing false-positives in dataflow analysis

Static data flow analysis is an indispensable tool for finding potentially malicious data leaks in software programs. Programs, nowadays often consisting of millions of lines of code, have grown much too large to allow for a complete manual inspection. Nevertheless, security experts need to judge whether an application is trustworthy or not, developers need to find bugs, and quality experts need to assess the maturity of software products. Thus, analysts take advantage of automated data flow analysis tools to find candidates for suspicious leaks which are then further investigated. While much progress has been made in the area with a broad variety of static data flow analysis tools proposed in academia and being offered commercially, the number of false alarms raised by these tools is still a concern. Many of the false alarms are reported because the analysis tool detects data flows along paths which are not realizable at runtime, e.g., due to contradictory conditions on the path. Still, every single report is a potential issue and must be reviewed by an expert which is labor-intensive and costly. In this work, we therefore propose TASMAN, a post-analysis based on symbolic execution that removes such false data leaks along unrealizable paths from the result set. Thus, it greatly improves the usefulness of the result presented to the human analyst. In our experiments on DroidBench examples, TASMAN reduces the number of false positives by about 80% without pruning any true positives. Additionally, TASMAN also identified false positives in real-world examples which we confirmed by hand. With an average execution time of 5.4 seconds per alleged leak to be checked on large real-world applications, TASMAN is fast enough for practical use.