Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Did Somebody See It? Applying the Verifiability Approach to Insurance Claim Interviews

We examined the application of the verifiability approach to insurance claim interviews. The verifiability approach states that truth tellers and liars differ from each other in terms of the number of details they give that can be verified. Eighty-three true and false insurance claim statements, related to damage, theft, or loss, were coded in terms of witnesses' (was the incident witnessed by others) and verifiability' (the number of perceptual and contextual details provided that could be checked by the investigator). We found that the majority of liars, compared with half the truth tellers, described unwitnessed incidents. This difference between the groups allowed for the detection of liars only. Discrimination between liars and truth tellers based on the verifiability of details was not possible. The implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keeping Safe and Providing Support: A Participatory Survey About Abuse and People With Intellectual Disabilities

People with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of abuse, but their views regarding this have not been explored. The authors undertook a study in Wales to examine what help people with intellectual disabilities feel they need to keep safe and, if they are abused, what support they need. A questionnaire was distributed to 47 participants with intellectual disabilities attending a residential research event and as a postal survey across Wales. From this, 107 (56%) usable questionnaires were returned. Respondents identified most strategies for keeping safe as being useful but were more likely to identify personal strategies rather than actions other people could take. When abuse does occur, having a trusted person to speak to and one who will believe you were viewed as the most important aspects. The authors noted that people with intellectual disabilities can identify personal safety strategies and their views and experiences should inform personal safety courses and staff training. Furthermore, they recommend that effective circles of support need to be developed both to protect against abuse and to provide support should it occur.
Starting Point Bias in Dichotomous Choice Valuation with Follow-Up Questioning

Follow-up questions are frequently used to improve the efficiency of dichotomous choice contingent valuation questionnaires. However, a number of authors (e.g., [12, 16]) have noted a significant difference between the WTP distributions implied by initial and follow-up question responses. This paper investigates starting point bias as one explanation for the phenomenon. We develop a model of starting point bias in the context of dichotomous choice questioning with follow-up, using a Monte Carlo simulation to illustrate the potential bias imparted to WTP estimates. An application is provided based on data from a CV study in northcentral Iowa.
Heat Transfer Investigation of Air Flow in Microtubes—Part I: Effects of Heat Loss, Viscous Heating, and Axial Conduction

Experiments were conducted to investigate local heat transfer coefficients and flow characteristics of air flow in a 962 lm inner diameter stainless steel microtube (minichannel). The effects of heat loss, axial heat conduction and viscous heating were systematically analyzed. Heat losses during the experiments with gas flow in small diameter tubes vary considerably along the flow length, causing the uncertainties to be very large in the downstream region. Axial heat conduction was found to have a significant effect on heat transfer at low Re. Viscous heating was negligible at low Re, but the effect was found to be significant at higher Re. After accounting for varying heat losses, viscous heating and axial conduction, Nu was found to agree very well with the predictions from conventional heat transfer correlations both in laminar and turbulent flow regions. No early transition to turbulent flow was found in the present study. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4007876]
Mobility Metric based LEACH-Mobile Protocol

Cluster based protocols like LEACH were found best suited for routing in wireless sensor networks. In mobility centric environments some improvements were suggested in the basic scheme. LEACH-Mobile is one such protocol. The basic LEACH protocol is improved in the mobile scenario by ensuring whether a sensor node is able to communicate with its cluster head. Since all the nodes, including cluster head is moving it will be better to elect a node as cluster head which is having less mobility related to its neighbours. In this paper, LEACH-Mobile protocol has been enhanced based on a mobility metric "remoteness" for cluster head election. This ensures high success rate in data transfer between the cluster head and the collector nodes even though nodes are moving. We have simulated and compared our LEACH-mobile-enhanced protocol with LEACH-mobile. Results show that inclusion of neighbouring node information improves the routing protocol.
Level of agreement between self-rated and clinician-rated instruments when measuring major depressive disorder in the Thai elderly: a 1-year assessment as part of the THAISAD study

Purpose Whether self-reporting and clinician-rated depression scales correlate well with one another when applied to older adults has not been well studied, particularly among Asian samples. This study aimed to compare the level of agreement among measurements used in assessing major depressive disorder (MDD) among the Thai elderly and the factors associated with the differences found. Patients and methods This was a prospective, follow-up study of elderly patients diagnosed with MDD and receiving treatment in Thailand. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory (MINI), 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30), 32-item Inventory of Interpersonal Problems scale, Revised Experience of Close Relationships scale, ten-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used. Follow-up assessments were conducted after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results Among the 74 patients, the mean age was 68±6.02 years, and 86% had MDD. Regarding the level of agreement found between GDS-30 and MINI, Kappa ranged between 0.17 and 0.55, while for Gwet’s AC1 the range was 0.49 to 0.91. The level of agreement was found to be lowest at baseline, and increased during follow-up visits. The correlation between HAMD-17 and GDS-30 scores was 0.17 (P=0.16) at baseline, then 0.36 to 0.41 in later visits (P<0.01). The PSS-10 score was found to be positively correlated with GDS-30 at baseline, and predicted the level of disagreement found between the clinicians and patients when reporting on MDD. Conclusion The level of agreement between the GDS, MINI, and HAMD was found to be different at baseline when compared to later assessments. Patients who produced a low GDS score were given a high rating by the clinicians. An additional self-reporting tool such as the PSS-10 could, therefore, be used in such under-reporting circumstances.
A Leptospirosis Workup by Evaluation of Efficiency of Two Rapid Immunodiagnostic Tests in Comparison with Microscopic Agglutination Test

Microscopic Agglutination Test is the standard test employed in centres for confirming the cause of the disease (Levett, 2001; WHO, 2003). This test requires a panel of locally prevalent live leptospires which has to be maintained for routine procedures. The procedure is very laborious, time consuming and may cause cross infections in laboratories (WHO, 2003; Cumberland, 1999), following which many peripheral laboratories employ Immuno-chromatography based tests, card tests, spot tests and various ELISA kits for rapid diagnosis of acute leptospirosis (Adler International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 1 (2017) pp. 563-568 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Large- N reduction in QCD-like theories with massive adjoint fermions

Large-$N$ QCD with heavy adjoint fermions emulates pure Yang-Mills theory at long distances. We study this theory on a four- and three-torus, and analytically argue the existence of a large-small volume equivalence. For any finite mass, the center-symmetry unbroken phase exists at sufficiently small volume and this phase can be used to study the large volume limit through the Eguchi-Kawai equivalence. A finite-temperature version of volume independence implies that thermodynamics on ${\mathbb{R}}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{S}^{1}$ can be studied via a unitary matrix quantum mechanics on ${S}^{1}$, by varying the temperature. To confirm this nonperturbatively, we numerically study both zero- and one-dimensional theories by using Monte Carlo simulation. The order of finite-$N$ corrections turns out to be $1/N$. We introduce various twisted versions of the reduced QCD which systematically suppress finite-$N$ corrections. Using a twisted model, we observe the confinement/deconfinement transition on a ${1}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ lattice. The result agrees with large volume simulations of Yang-Mills theory. We also comment that the twisted model can serve as a nonperturbative formulation of the noncommutative Yang-Mills theory.
Temporal Trends in Recording of Diabetes on Death Certificates

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency that diabetes is reported on death certificates of decedents with known diabetes and describe trends in reporting over 8 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained from 11,927 participants with diabetes who were enrolled in Translating Research into Action for Diabetes, a multicenter prospective observational study of diabetes care in managed care. Data on decedents (N = 2,261) were obtained from the National Death Index from 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2007. The primary dependent variables were the presence of the ICD-10 codes for diabetes listed anywhere on the death certificate or as the underlying cause of death. RESULTS Diabetes was recorded on 41% of death certificates and as the underlying cause of death for 13% of decedents with diabetes. Diabetes was significantly more likely to be reported on the death certificate of decedents dying of cardiovascular disease than all other causes. There was a statistically significant trend of increased reporting of diabetes as the underlying cause of death over time (P < 0.001), which persisted after controlling for duration of diabetes at death. The increase in reporting of diabetes as the underlying cause of death was associated with a decrease in the reporting of cardiovascular disease as the underlying cause of death (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Death certificates continue to underestimate the prevalence of diabetes among decedents. The increase in reporting of diabetes as the underlying cause of death over the past 8 years will likely impact estimates of the burden of diabetes in the U.S.
Beta 2- Microglobulin Elimination Characteristics during Hemofiltration with Acrylonitrile and Polysulfone Membrane Hemofilters

Elimination characteristics of beta 2- microglobulin (BMG) during hemofiltration (HF) with acrylonitrile (AN69) and polysulfone (PS) hemofilters were investigated in a prospective clinical investigation. Seven chronic uremics on regular HF were treated for 4 weeks, three times a week, with AN69 hemofilters. The study was then repeated with PS hemofilters. There were no significant differences in the patients’ body weight, the ultrafiltrate volume per session, and the duration of each HF session between both treatments. At the start of HF, arterial plasma concentration of BMG was (for AN69) 33.5±4.0 mg/L (mean±SD) and (for PS) 35.8±6.5 mg/L (NS); at the end of HF it was (for AN69) 11.0±1.8 mg/L and (for PS) 17.5±4.2 mg/L (p<0.001). The amount of BMG in total ultrafiltrate was (for AN69) 179.3±22.6 mg and (for PS) 140.6±26.8 mg (p<0.02). With AN69 hemofilter, maximum BMG plasma clearance and sieving coefficient were 51.0±9.5 mL/min’ and 0.42±0.04 at 60 minutes. With PS hemofilter, maximum BMG plasma clearance and sieving coefficient were 37.4±5.7 mL/min and 0.27±0.03 at 15 minutes. Twenty-two percents of BMG entering the AN69 hemofilter at 15 minutes were adsorbed on the membrane (p<0.001). BMG elimination with the AN69 hemofilter was more efficient than with the PS hemofilter. Long-term studies will be necessary to demonstrate whether this difference is of any clinical significance.
Propiedades psicométricas del inventario de búsqueda de sensaciones para adolescentes en México (IBS-Mx)

The seeking sensation is a trait of personality defined by the need for varied, novel experiences and sensations. A new inventory measuring sensation seeking was designed how a bio-behavioral expression of personality. The objectives of this research were analyze the psychometric properties (factorial structure, validity and reliability) of the new inventory for measure seeking sensations, assessment criterial validity and obtain normative standards in a sample of Mexican youths. The studied sample was formed by 550 teenagers between 14 and 23 years old, 260 males and 290 females, students of public high schools in Mexico City. The psychometric analysis showed eight factors, four factors are similar Zuckerman´s sensation seeking, intense emotions seeking, thrill and adventure seeking, desinhibition and boredom susceptibility. The four new factors are: pleasure seeking, risk seeking, novelty seeking and unusual seeking. Compared with female, the man had the highest levels of sensation seeking in total score and six subscales. The discussion analyze the utility of a new inventory for assessment of sensation seeking and new factors in adolescents.
High Macroalgal Cover and Low Coral Recruitment Undermines the Potential Resilience of the World's Southernmost Coral Reef Assemblages

Coral reefs are under increasing pressure from anthropogenic and climate-induced stressors. The ability of reefs to reassemble and regenerate after disturbances (i.e., resilience) is largely dependent on the capacity of herbivores to prevent macroalgal expansion, and the replenishment of coral populations through larval recruitment. Currently there is a paucity of this information for higher latitude, subtropical reefs. To assess the potential resilience of the benthic reef assemblages of Lord Howe Island (31°32′S, 159°04′E), the worlds' southernmost coral reef, we quantified the benthic composition, densities of juvenile corals (as a proxy for coral recruitment), and herbivorous fish communities. Despite some variation among habitats and sites, benthic communities were dominated by live scleractinian corals (mean cover 37.4%) and fleshy macroalgae (20.9%). Live coral cover was higher than in most other subtropical reefs and directly comparable to lower latitude tropical reefs. Juvenile coral densities (0.8 ind.m−2), however, were 5–200 times lower than those reported for tropical reefs. Overall, macroalgal cover was negatively related to the cover of live coral and the density of juvenile corals, but displayed no relationship with herbivorous fish biomass. The biomass of herbivorous fishes was relatively low (204 kg.ha−1), and in marked contrast to tropical reefs was dominated by macroalgal browsing species (84.1%) with relatively few grazing species. Despite their extremely low biomass, grazing fishes were positively related to both the density of juvenile corals and the cover of bare substrata, suggesting that they may enhance the recruitment of corals through the provision of suitable settlement sites. Although Lord Howe Islands' reefs are currently coral-dominated, the high macroalgal cover, coupled with limited coral recruitment and low coral growth rates suggest these reefs may be extremely susceptible to future disturbances.
Solidarity and Social Justice: Effect of Individual Differences in Justice Sensitivity on Solidarity Behaviour

We investigate the effect of individual differences in justice sensitivity (JS) on giving behaviour in a solidarity game, its potential moderators and the underlying psychological mechanisms. In a solidarity game, subjects are asked to make decisions about transferring money to other players in a case in which they win a random draw and the other players lose. The results of four studies showed the following: (1) JS explains a unique portion of variance in the solidarity behaviour, above and beyond other basic personality dimensions (e.g. HEXACO model); (2) its effect does not depend on contextual factors, such as the degree of moral entitlement not to share and the possibility to attribute the recipients’ disadvantage to their own responsibility; and (3) individual differences in the emotions anticipated in response to different outcomes of a random draw and the cognitive interpretation of the allocation situation partially mediate the effect of JS on solidarity behaviour. We also provided the first evidence that JS predicts individual differences in the propensity to take away others’ earnings (antisocial behaviour). The results are discussed with respect to the research on personality as a predictor of prosocial and antisocial behaviour. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
Qualitative Psychological Autopsy Interviews on Suicide in Post-Conflict Northern Uganda: The Participants' Perceptions

Participants' perceptions of psychological autopsy interviews were investigated in post-conflict Northern Uganda. Data were derived out of their responses in the debriefing session after the formal interviews. These responses were subjected to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The majority of the participants were positive about the interview as reflected in the two broad themes: positivation of the situation through the possibility of helping others and opportunity for personal development through sharing. To some few participants the interview aroused guilt, self-reproach, and anger and reactivated painful memories. As regards suicide postvention, the findings implied that not much has been done to help the bereaved by suicide in this region, and few resources for such efforts are currently available. However, the bereaved are ready to contribute toward the fight against suicide in their communities. Hence, it is argued that a community-based mental health and Primary Health Care approaches should be encouraged in this context.
Association of autoimmune hepatitis with HLA‐Bw54 and DR4 in Japanese patients

Human leukocyte antigen‐D region—related alleles (human leukocyte antigen DR and DQ) and human leukocyte antigen class I alleles were typed serologically in 31 Japanese patients with autoimmune hepatitis. These patients had increased serum levels of AST and IgG, high titers of autoantibodies, no history of blood transfusion and were negative for HBsAg and antibodies to HBc. Three hundred eighty‐six healthy subjects and 30 patients with cryptogenic chronic hepatitis served as control groups. The frequency of DR4 was significantly higher in autoimmune hepatitis patients (90.3%) than in healthy subjects (38.6%) and in cryptogenic chronic hepatitis patients (30%). The frequency of Bw54 was significantly higher in autoimmune hepatitis patients (45.2%) than in healthy subjects (10.9%). The risk to DR4‐positive subjects for autoimmune hepatitis was 14.8 relative to healthy subjects. Two of 31 patients (6.5%) with autoimmune hepatitis were positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus; both clearly satisfied criteria for autoimmune hepatitis and both had Bw54 and DR4. This study revealed a highly significant association of autoimmune hepatitis with human leukocyte antigen Bw54 and DR4 in Japanese patients. Among the DR4‐positive patients with autoimmune hepatitis, no significant differences were seen between those positive or negative for Bw54 with regard to clinical or laboratory data, relapse of disease or efficacy of prednisolone. Thus human leukocyte antigen class II alleles contribute to susceptibility and resistance to autoimmune hepatitis in Japanese patients, with distinct racial differences from those in white patients. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:1300–1304).
Lexical Generalization in CCG Grammar Induction for Semantic Parsing

We consider the problem of learning factored probabilistic CCG grammars for semantic parsing from data containing sentences paired with logical-form meaning representations. Traditional CCG lexicons list lexical items that pair words and phrases with syntactic and semantic content. Such lexicons can be inefficient when words appear repeatedly with closely related lexical content. In this paper, we introduce factored lexicons, which include both lexemes to model word meaning and templates to model systematic variation in word usage. We also present an algorithm for learning factored CCG lexicons, along with a probabilistic parse-selection model. Evaluations on benchmark datasets demonstrate that the approach learns highly accurate parsers, whose generalization performance benefits greatly from the lexical factoring.
Understanding STEM Education and Supporting Students through Universal Design for Learning

science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) instruction, students with disabilities continue to struggle with STEM content at both the K–12 and postsecondary levels. As a result, very few students with disabilities pursue STEM careers. The universal design for learning (UDL) framework can be utilized to engage students and increase the usability of STEM curricular materials. Understanding efficacious instruction and assessment strategies can help teachers provide effective instruction for a wide range of learners.
The dynamics of dementia : a modified grounded theory study

This thesis explores the experience of dementia as recounted by family carers and people with the early experience of dementia. Between October, 1992 and May, 1996 sixty four semi-structured interviews were conducted with family carers of people with dementia using a modified grounded theory approach. Constant comparative analysis of the data led to the emergence of a five stage integrated scheme to explain their experiences, namely: Recognising the Need (1); Taking it On (2); Working Through It (3); Reaching the End (4); and A New Beginning (5), with critical junctures attached to each stage which either locked the carer in, or moved the carer through, the model. A second phase of data collection comprised eleven interviews with ten people with the early experience of dementia and their family carers. Analysis of these data resulted in the emergence of the stage of Keeping it Hidden with its supporting strategies: Closing Down; Regrouping; and Covering your Tracks which help to explain how people with early dementia manage their changing cognitive abilities. Following a theoretical integration of the two phases of data collection the process of 'working' emerged in three forms, i.e. Working Apart; Working Together; and Working Alone to explain movement between the above two models. Transcending the data, the study also generated the linking scheme of Maintaining Involvement to help explain the dynamics of dementia. The 'fit and grab' of this linking scheme was subjected to preliminary empirical scrutiny via a third series of interviews with six carers of people with dementia. It is suggested that the grounded theory emerging from this study helps to explain the shared experience of dementia, while also having implications for policy and practice which are briefly explored in the concluding chapter, together with some of the methodological implications and limitations of the study.