Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The composite nature of Dust-Obscured Galaxies (DOGs) at z ∼ 2–3 in the COSMOS field – I. A far-infrared view

Dust-Obscured Galaxies (DOGs) are bright 24 μm-selected sources with extreme obscuration at optical wavelengths. They are typically characterized by a rising power-law continuum of hot dust (T_D ∼ 200–1000 K) in the near-IR indicating that their mid-IR luminosity is dominated by an active galactic nucleus (AGN). DOGs with a fainter 24 μm flux display a stellar bump in the near-IR and their mid-IR luminosity appears to be mainly powered by dusty star formation. Alternatively, it may be that the mid-IR emission arising from AGN activity is dominant but the torus is sufficiently opaque to make the near-IR emission from the AGN negligible with respect to the emission from the host component. In an effort to characterize the astrophysical nature of the processes responsible for the IR emission in DOGs, this paper exploits Herschel data (PACS + SPIRE) on a sample of 95 DOGs within the COSMOS field. We derive a wealth of far-IR properties (e.g. total IR luminosities; mid-to-far-IR colours; dust temperatures and masses) based on spectral energy distribution fitting. Of particular interest are the 24 μm-bright DOGs (F_(24) μm > 1 mJy). They present bluer far-IR/mid-IR colours than the rest of the sample, unveiling the potential presence of an AGN. The AGN contribution to the total 8–1000 μm flux increases as a function of the rest-frame 8 μm-luminosity irrespective of the redshift. This confirms that faint DOGs (L_8 μm < 10^(12) L_⊙) are dominated by star formation while brighter DOGs show a larger contribution from an AGN.
Diagnostic Performance of the Chinese Frontal Assessment Battery in Early Cognitive Impairment in an Asian Population

Background: The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) has been shown to be useful in evaluating frontal dysfunction. There is a paucity of studies validating cutoffs in the early cognitive impairment. We aim to validate the Chinese FAB in Asian subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia. Methods: Eighty subjects with MCI and mild dementia and 100 cognitively healthy community subjects were studied. ROC analysis was done to determine the Chinese FAB’s optimal cutoff scores for age- and education-adjusted subgroups. Results: Chinese FAB scores were significantly lower in early cognitive impairment compared with cognitively normal controls. The optimal cutoff score was 12/13 (sensitivity 92%, specificity 78.7%). A similar cutoff score was obtained following age-adjustment and for subjects with <6 years’ education. Of note, the optimal cutoff for subjects with ≧6 years’ education was 13/14 (sensitivity 91.8%, specificity 70.3%), an improved diagnostic performance compared to the earlier reported 11/12 cutoff. In comparison, the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) had lower rule-out accuracy (77% sensitivity, 91.2% specificity). The combination of the Chinese FAB and MMSE was superior to either test in isolation. Conclusion: The education-adjusted Chinese FAB has good diagnostic performance, which can supplement the MMSE in early cognitive impairment evaluation with construct differences observed between the Chinese FAB and MMSE.
The composition of transiting giant extrasolar planets

In principle, the combined measurements of the mass and radius of a giant exoplanet allow one to determine the relative fraction of hydrogen and helium and of heavy elements in the planet. However, uncertainties on the underlying physics imply that some known transiting planets appear anomalously large, and this generally prevents any firm conclusion when a planet is considered on an individual basis. On the basis of a sample of nine transiting planets known at that time, Guillot et al (1996 Astron. Astrophys.453 L21) concluded that all planets could be explained with the same set of hypotheses, either by large but plausible modifications of the equations of state, opacities, or by the addition of an energy source, probably related to the dissipation of kinetic energy by tides. On this basis, they concluded that the amount of heavy elements in close-in giant planets is correlated with the metallicity of the parent star. Furthermore, they showed that planets around metal-rich stars can possess large amounts of heavy elements, up to 100 Earth masses. These results are confirmed by studying the present sample of 18 transiting planets with masses between that of Saturn and twice the mass of Jupiter.
DR-Net: Transmission Steered Single Image Dehazing Network with Weakly Supervised Refinement

Despite the recent progress in image dehazing, several problems remain largely unsolved such as robustness for varying scenes, the visual quality of reconstructed images, and effectiveness and flexibility for applications. To tackle these problems, we propose a new deep network architecture for single image dehazing called DR-Net. Our model consists of three main subnetworks: a transmission prediction network that predicts transmission map for the input image, a haze removal network that reconstructs latent image steered by the transmission map, and a refinement network that enhances the details and color properties of the dehazed result via weakly supervised learning. Compared to previous methods, our method advances in three aspects: (i) pure data-driven model; (ii) the end-to-end system; (iii) superior robustness, accuracy, and applicability. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our DR-Net outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on both synthetic and real images in qualitative and quantitative metrics. Additionally, the utility of DR-Net has been illustrated by its potential usage in several important computer vision tasks.
Evaluating Anytime Algorithms for Learning Optimal Bayesian Networks

Exact algorithms for learning Bayesian networks guarantee to find provably optimal networks. However, they may fail in difficult learning tasks due to limited time or memory. In this research we adapt several anytime heuristic search-based algorithms to learn Bayesian networks. These algorithms find high-quality solutions quickly, and continually improve the incumbent solution or prove its optimality before resources are exhausted. Empirical results show that the anytime window A* algorithm usually finds higher-quality, often optimal, networks more quickly than other approaches. The results also show that, surprisingly, while generating networks with few parents per variable are structurally simpler, they are harder to learn than complex generating networks with more parents per variable.
Frequency Divider

The paper proposes an approximated yet reliable formula to estimate the frequency at the buses of a transmission system. Such a formula is based on the solution of a steady-state boundary value problem where boundary conditions are given by synchronous machine rotor speeds and is intended for applications in transient stability analysis. The hypotheses and assumptions to define bus frequencies are duly discussed. The rationale behind the proposed frequency divider is first illustrated through a simple 3-bus system. Then the general formulation is duly presented and tested on two real-world networks, namely a 1,479-bus model of the all-island Irish system and a 21,177-bus model of the European transmission system.
Honest and deceptive impression management in the employment interview: : Can it be detected and how does it impact evaluations?

Applicants use honest and deceptive impression management (IM) in employment interviews. Deceptive IM is especially problematic because it can lead organizations to hire less competent but deceptive applicants if interviewers are not able to identify the deception. We investigated interviewers’ capacity to detect IM in 5 experimental studies using real-time video coding of IM (N = 246 professional interviewers and 270 novice interviewers). Interviewers’ attempts to detect applicants’ IM were often unsuccessful. Interviewers were better at detecting honest than deceptive IM. Interview question type affected IM detection, but interviewers’ experience did not. Finally, interviewers’ perceptions of IM use by applicants were related to their evaluations of applicants’ performance in the interview. Interviewers’ attempts to adjust their evaluations of applicants they perceive to use deceptive IM may fail because they cannot correctly identify when applicants actually engage in various IM tactics. Helping interviewers to better identify deceptive IM tactics used by applicants may increase the validity of employment interviews.
Adult outcome for children with autism.

BACKGROUND Information on long-term prognosis in autism is limited. Outcome is known to be poor for those with an IQ below 50, but there have been few systematic studies of individuals with an IQ above this. METHOD Sixty-eight individuals meeting criteria for autism and with a performance IQ of 50 or above in childhood were followed up as adults. Their mean age when first seen was 7 years (range 3-15 years); at follow-up the average age was 29 years (range 21-48 years). Outcome measures included standardised cognitive, language and attainment tests. Information on social, communication and behavioural problems was obtained from the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI). RESULTS Although a minority of adults had achieved relatively high levels of independence, most remained very dependent on their families or other support services. Few lived alone, had close friends, or permanent employment. Communication generally was impaired, and reading and spelling abilities were poor. Stereotyped behaviours or interests frequently persisted into adulthood. Ten individuals had developed epilepsy. Overall, only 12% were rated as having a 'Very Good' outcome; 10% were rated as 'Good' and 19% as 'Fair'. The majority was rated as having a 'Poor' (46%) or 'Very Poor' (12%) outcome. Individuals with a childhood performance IQ of at least 70 had a significantly better outcome than those with an IQ below this. However, within the normal IQ range outcome was very variable and, on an individual level, neither verbal nor performance IQ proved to be consistent prognostic indicators. CONCLUSIONS Although outcome for adults with autism has improved over recent years, many remain highly dependent on others for support. This study provides some information on prognostic indicators, but more fine-grained research is needed into the childhood variables that are associated with good or poor outcome.
Evaluation of Land Surface Temperature Operationally Retrieved from Korean Geostationary Satellite (COMS) Data

We evaluated the precision of land surface temperature (LST) operationally retrieved from the Korean multipurpose geostationary satellite, Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS). The split-window (SW)-type retrieval algorithm was developed through radiative transfer model simulations under various atmospheric profiles, satellite zenith angles, surface emissivity values and surface lapse rate conditions using Moderate Resolution Atmospheric Transmission version 4 (MODTRAN4). The estimation capabilities of the COMS SW (CSW) LST algorithm were evaluated for various impacting factors, and the retrieval accuracy of COMS LST data was evaluated with collocated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST data. The surface emissivity values for two SW channels were generated using a vegetation cover method. The CSW algorithm estimated the LST distribution reasonably well (averaged bias = 0.00 K, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 1.41 K, correlation coefficient = 0.99); however, the estimation capabilities of the CSW algorithm were significantly impacted by large brightness temperature differences and surface lapse rates. The CSW algorithm reproduced spatiotemporal variations of LST comparing well to MODIS LST data, irrespective of what month or time of day the data were collected from. The one-year evaluation results with MODIS LST data showed that the annual mean bias, RMSE and correlation coefficient for the CSW algorithm were −1.009 K, 2.613 K and 0.988, respectively.
Regulation, cycles and stability in northern carnivore‐herbivore systems: back to first principles

In studies on dynamics of northern predator-prey systems, two assumptions are often made. First, the bifurcation from stable to cyclic dynamics is seen as a consequence of changing generalist-specialist ratio, ultimately due to reduced prey diversity at high latitudes and the negative impact of snow on the efficiency of generalists as predators of small, folivorous mammals. Supposedly, the primary mechanism is the qualitative difference between the functional response of specialist and generalist predators. Second, the interaction between large predators and ungulates is supposed to be prone to lead to two alternative equilibria, one where predation regulates ungulates at a relatively low equilibrium and another, where ungulate densities are close to carrying capacity. In the first-mentioned issue, our analysis corroborates the general idea of snow favoring specialists and leading to cycles. However, differences in functional response appear to be of secondary importance only, and rather special conditions are required for generalists to have a stabilizing type III functional response. A destabilizing type II functional response or a slight modification of it should be common in generalists, too, as also indicated by the classical experiments. Stability of generalist dominated systems seems primarily to derive from their relative inefficiency, allowing prey's density-dependent mechanisms to play a bigger role in the neighborhood of the equilibrium. Moreover, the main destabilizing impact of deep, long-lasting snow cover appears to lie in the protection it offers to the efficient but vulnerable specialists, which are eliminated or marginalized by intraguild predation in areas with snow-free winters, unless the habitat offers some other form of efficient protection. As for the conjecture of multiple equilibria in northern wolf-ungulate systems, it seems to be derived from an erroneous operational definition of numerical response and has little if any empirical support. Available data suggest that predation limitation of folivorous mammals prevails along the entire gradient from relatively productive low arctic habitats to the humid parts of the temperate zone, provided that the numbers of predators are not controlled by man.
Nucleation of spherical shell-like interfaces by second gradient theory: numerical simulations

The theory of second gradient fluids (which are able to exert shear stresses also in equilibrium conditions) allows us: (i) to describe both the thermodynamical and the mechanical behavior of systems in which an interface is present; (ii) to express the surface tension and the radius of microscopic bubbles in terms of a functional of the chemical potential; (iii) to predict the existence of a (minimal) nucleation radius for bubbles. Moreover, the above theory supplies a 3D-continuum model which is endowed with sufficient structure to allow the construction of a 2D-shell-like continuum representing a consistent approximate 2D-model for the interface between phases. In this paper we use numerical simulations in the framework of second gradient theory to obtain explicit relationships for the surface quantities typical of 2D-models. In particular, for some of the most general two-parameter equations of state, it is possible to obtain the curves describing the relationship between the surface tension, the thickness, the surface mass density and the radius of the spherical interfaces between fluid phases of the same substance. These results allow us to predict the (minimal) nucleation radii for this class of equations of state.
Calculation of Achievable Information Rates of Long-Haul Optical Transmission Systems Using Instanton Approach

A method for estimation of achievable information rates of high-speed optical transmission systems is proposed. This method consists of two steps: 1) approximating probability density functions for energy of pulses, which is done by the instanton approach, and 2) estimating achievable information rates by applying a method originally proposed by Arnold and Pfitser. Numerical results for a specific optical transmission system (submarine system at transmission rate 40 Gb/s) are reported
Reduction of cisplatin-induced emesis by a selective neurokinin-1-receptor antagonist. L-754,030 Antiemetic Trials Group.

BACKGROUND The localization of substance P in brain-stem regions associated with vomiting, and the results of studies in ferrets, led us to postulate that a neurokinin-1-receptor antagonist would be an antiemetic in patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy. METHODS In a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 159 patients who had not previously received cisplatin, we evaluated the prevention of acute emesis (occurring within 24 hours) and delayed emesis (on days 2 to 5) after a single dose of cisplatin therapy (70 mg or more per square meter of body-surface area). Before receiving cisplatin, all the patients received granisetron (10 microg per kilogram of body weight intravenously) and dexamethasone (20 mg orally). The patients were randomly assigned to one of three treatments in addition to granisetron and dexamethasone: 400 mg of an oral trisubstituted morpholine acetal (also known as L-754,030) before cisplatin and 300 mg on days 2 to 5 (group 1), 400 mg of L-754,030 before cisplatin and placebo on days 2 to 5 (group 2), or placebo before cisplatin and placebo on days 2 to 5 (group 3). Additional medication was available at any time to treat occurrences of vomiting or nausea. RESULTS In the acute-emesis phase, 93 percent of the patients in groups 1 and 2 combined and 67 percent of those in group 3 had no vomiting (P<0.001). In the delayed-emesis phase, 82 percent of the patients in group 1, 78 percent of those in group 2, and 33 percent of those in group 3 had no vomiting (P<0.001 for the comparison between group 1 or 2 and group 3). The median nausea score in the delayed-emesis phase was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 3 (P=0.003). No serious adverse events were attributed to L-754,030. CONCLUSIONS The neurokinin-1-receptor antagonist L-754,030 prevents delayed emesis after treatment with cisplatin. Moreover, combining L-754,030 with granisetron plus dexamethasone improves the prevention of acute emesis.
The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age: a quantitative review of longitudinal studies.

The present study used meta-analytic techniques to test whether trait consistency maximizes and stabilizes at a specific period in the life course. From 152 longitudinal studies, 3,217 test-retest correlation coefficients were compiled. Meta-analytic estimates of mean population test-retest correlation coefficients showed that trait consistency increased from . 31 in childhood to . 54 during the college years, to . 64 at age 30, and then reached a plateau around . 74 between ages 50 and 70 when time interval was held constant at 6.7 years. Analysis of moderators of consistency showed that the longitudinal time interval had a negative relation to trait consistency and that temperament dimensions were less consistent than adult personality traits.
A General Ant Colony Model to solve Combinatorial Optimization Problems

An Ants System is an artificial system based on the behavior of real ant colonies, which is used to solve combinatorial problems. This is a distributed algorithm composed by a set of cooperating agents called ants which cooperate among them to find good solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. The cooperation follows the behavior of real ants using an indirect form of communication mediated by a pheromone. In this work, we present a new distributed algorithm based on Ant System concepts, called the General Ant System, to solve Combinatorial Optimization Problems. Our approach consist on mapping the solution space of the Combinatorial Optimization Problem on the space where the ants will walk, and on defining the transition probability of the Ant System according to the objective function of the Combinatorial Optimization Problem. We test our approach on the Graph Partitioning and The Traveling Salesman Problems. The results show that our approach has the same performances than previous versions of Ant Systems.
Dissolution of Oxygen Precipitate Nuclei in n-Type CZ-Si Wafers to Improve Their Material Quality: Experimental Results

We present experimental results which show that oxygen-related precipitate nuclei (OPN) present in p-doped, n-type, Czochralski wafers can be dissolved using a flash-annealing process, yielding very high quality wafers for high-efficiency solar cells. Flash annealing consists of heating a wafer in an optical furnace to temperature between 1150 and 1250 °C for a short time. This process produces a large increase in the minority carrier lifetime (MCLT) and homogenizes each wafer. We have tested wafers from different axial locations of two ingots. All wafers reach nearly the same high value of MCLT. The OPN dissolution is confirmed by oxygen analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectra and injection-level dependence of MCLT.
Pitfalls in Diagnosis of Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract Aim The onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients younger than the age of 5 years is rare. Moreover, when there is exclusive colonic inflammation, diagnosis can be challenging. Our aim was to describe the difficulties and pitfalls in the diagnosis of early-onset IBD (eoIBD) and their repercussions in treatment decisions. Patients and Methods Patients with eoIBD (Crohn's disease [CD], ulcerative, and unclassified colitis) treated at our center between 1990 and 2016 were studied retrospectively. Demographic, clinical, medical, and surgical treatment data were analyzed. Results A total of 19 patients were diagnosed with eoIBD at 21 (1–46) months of age. Bloody diarrhea, growth failure, and abdominal pain were present in 90, 42, and 16%, respectively. After 9 (1–62) months from the onset, patients were classified as ulcerative colitis (nine), CD (two), and unclassified colitis (eight). Unresponsiveness to medical treatment was observed in 10 and prompted surgical assessment. A partial colectomy was performed in one, and nine underwent a total colectomy (one end stoma and eight ileoanal anastomosis [IAA]). At least one surgical complication occurred in 80% and ultimately six patients with an IAA required an end stoma. Overtime, final diagnosis of 5 out of the 10 surgical patients changed due to biopsy findings, unresponsiveness to medical treatment, or extraintestinal and perianal manifestations. After a 12-year (1–22) follow-up, 57.9% of the diagnoses of all patients were modified. Conclusion EoIBD poses a challenge due to ambiguous presentation and absence of specific diagnostic tests. Surgical evaluation is often needed and surgeons must be mindful of possible initial misdiagnosis, in addition to short- and long-term outcomes before deciding aggressive surgical measures as well as intestinal reconstruction.