Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive rigidity explains the relationship between religious fundamentalism and insanity defence attitudes

ABSTRACT Religious fundamentalism is related to both prejudice and punitiveness. Wulff's theory of religion suggests that fundamentalism is associated with beliefs in the inclusion of transcendence and literal interpretation of religious beliefs and experiences. The current research examines the relationship between fundamentalism and punitive insanity defence attitudes with the goal of specifically identifying which dimension of Wulff’s theory better explains the relationship. Results suggest that fundamentalism predicts punitive attitudes toward the insanity defence and that this is primarily explained by a less symbolic (or more literal) interpretation of religious beliefs and experiences. This association likely captures the literal interpretation of religious teachings on mental illness and skepticism of insanity. Implications are discussed.
SHELLABLE NONPURE COMPLEXES AND POSETS. I

The concept of shellability of complexes is generalized by deleting the requirement of purity (i.e., that all maximal faces have the same dimen- sion). The usefulness of this level of generality was suggested by certain examples coming from the theory of subspace arrangements. We develop several of the basic properties of the concept of nonpure shellability. Doubly indexed f -vectors and h -vectors are introduced, and the latter are shown to be nonnegative in the shellable case. Shellable complexes have the homotopy type of a wedge of spheres of various dimensions, and their Stanley- Reisner rings admit a combinatorially induced direct sum decomposition. The technique of lexicographic shellability for posets is similarly extended from pure posets (all maximal chains of the same length) to the general case. Several examples of nonpure lexicographically shellable posets are given, such as the k -equal partition lattice (the intersection lattice of the k -equal subspace arrangement) and the Tamari lattices of binary trees. This leads to simpli(cid:12)ed computation of Betti numbers for the k -equal arrangement. It also determines the homotopy type of intervals in a Tamari lattice and in the lattice of num- ber partitions ordered by dominance, thus strengthening some known M¨obius function formulas. The extension to regular CW complexes is brieﬂy discussed and shown to be related to the concept of lexicographic shellability.
Predicting User Behavior in E-commerce Based on Psychology Model

Web sites are making great effort to understand the user’s behavior in order to make the web sites easy to use and further increase their profits. This paper presents a method to predict the user’s buying behavior based on psychology model. We employ the method to analyze online store data and treat the clicking and buying as user’s attitude and behavior. Then, a new model, that is used to predict the user’s future buying behavior, is built based on the attitude-behavior relationship theory. We then verify the model and simultaneously estimate its parameters by path analysis. Our method is evaluated by comparing with traditional naive bayes classification algorithm. Experiments results show that our model is more effective in predicting buying behavior and finding out users who are more profitable to web sites.
A Theory of A ffi rmative Action in College Admissions : An All-Pay Auction Approach

This paper analyzes the incentive effect of affirmative action at college admissions level in an asymmetric, complete-information, all-pay auction model. One minority and one non-minority candidate compete for a seat in a college. The admissions officer may unequally weigh candidates’ academic quality to address certain policy concern. Moderately administered preferential admissions procedure, which handicaps the non-minority candidate, may correct the negative effect of discrimination in labor market on minority candidate’s incentive to make educational effort. I show there exists a positive externality between the minority and the non-minority candidates’ incentive. As a consequence, a unique optimal policy coefficient exists that maximizes individual efforts, the aggregate effort, and the expected winning academic quality simultaneously. This result then reconciles the often assumed conflicts between diversity and academic quality in the current debate. However, I also conclude that excessive preferential treatment may potentially lead to “reverse discrimination”. In addition, I find the affirmative action admissions mechanism improves the non-minority’s incentive more than the targeted minority candidate, which tends to widen the racial gap in educational attainment. JEL classification: D78, I21, J71 A Theory of Affirmative Action in College Admissions: An All-Pay Auction Approach
Religious and spiritual interventions in mental health care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

Background. Despite the extensive literature assessing associations between religiosity/spirituality and health, few studies have investigated the clinical applicability of this evidence. The purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of religious/spiritual interventions (RSI) through randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Method. A systematic review was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Collaboration, Embase and SciELO. Through the use of a Boolean expression, articles were included if they: (i) investigated mental health outcomes; (ii) had a design consistent with RCTs. We excluded protocols involving intercessory prayer or distance healing. The study was conducted in two phases by reading: (1) title and abstracts; (2) full papers and assessing their methodological quality. Then, a meta-analysis was carried out. Results. Through this method, 4751 papers were obtained, of which 23 remained included. The meta-analysis showed significant effects of RSI on anxiety general symptoms (p < 0.001) and in subgroups: meditation (p < 0.001); psychotherapy (p = 0.02); 1 month of follow-up (p < 0.001); and comparison groups with interventions (p < 0.001). Two significant differences were found in depressive symptoms: between 1 and 6 months and comparison groups with interventions (p = 0.05). In general, studies have shown that RSI decreased stress, alcoholism and depression. Conclusions. RCTs on RSI showed additional benefits including reduction of clinical symptoms (mainly anxiety). The diversity of protocols and outcomes associated with a lack of standardization of interventions point to the need for further studies evaluating the use of religiosity/spirituality as a complementary treatment in health care.
The effect of production planning locality on external sandhi: A study in /t/

In English, the coronal stops /t,d/ can be realized as an alveolar flap when they appear between vowels. When the VTV sequence is within a single word, the flap realization is nearly categorical, modulo some conditions on stress placement. But when a word boundary intervenes, the flap realization is not as consistent, and becomes even more rare across a large boundary such as a clause edge. This pattern is common across many processes cross-linguistically – but why are segmental processes at word edges often more variable, and what influences the rate of variability? We propose that phonological variability is only indirectly influenced by syntax and prosody through the locality of production planning (Production Planning Hypothesis, PPH), and test its predictions for English flapping in a corpus study and a production experiment. Previous literature on flapping showed that it is sensitive to syntactic structure (e.g. Kaisse (1985)), and to prosodic structure (e.g. Nespor and Vogel (1986)), but did not explain why it is constrained in this way, nor why these domain effects are variable. We discuss that these effects are expected under our hypothesis, as well as certain frequency effects, and are arguably not entirely reducible to the effect of gestural overlap, based on new experimental
Spread the word : a replication and theoretical extension of a Word-of-Mouth model of consumer behavior with regard to the context of HIV prevention campaigns

Background: Although new infection rates for HIV have decreased over the last few decades, the HIV epidemic still has a high level of global relevance, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). At the same time, decreasing public health budgets force campaign managers to spend money more efficiently, which is shown in advertising effectiveness studies. However, these studies only control the direct advertising effects of campaigns and neglect the degree of social contagion effects caused by word-of-mouth (WOM) actions within the campaigns target groups. Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine how and why MSM communicate regarding HIV prevention campaigns. The results have important implications for the way future campaigns are designed and what they should focus on to foster positive WOM among campaign target groups. Conceptual considerations: We apply a WOM model from consumer research in the context of HIV prevention campaigns and extend the model for context-specific variables. Data and Methods: Targeting a HIV prevention campaign run by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health in 2015, we conducted a survey among MSM to empirically test our conceptual considerations. The data are analyzed using structural equation modeling (Smart PLS). Results: The model that describes the social motives for engaging in WOM behavior in Alexandrov et al. (2013) can be replicated and validated in the context of public health campaigns on HIV prevention behavior among MSM. In particular, the perceived effectiveness of and stated adherence to the recommendations of the campaign greatly encourages other-directed motives instead of selfdirected motives to engage in positive WOM for the campaign. This means that the motivation for MSM to tell others about the campaign is driven by the desire to help others and share social information and is only to a small extent due to the desire for social bonding. Contribution to Public Management: Because non-communicable diseases are becoming more prominent in public health promotion strategies, public budgets for HIV prevention are reduced. Our study offers new insights about the relevance of WOM in the context of public health campaigns. Based on the study findings, the efficiency and effectiveness of future campaigns can be increased in view of positive WOM effects among target groups.
Plasma homocysteine and the severity of heart failure in patients with previous myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND Homocysteine is considered to be a risk factor, or an indicator of risk, for the development of cardiovascular disease. Little data is available on its significance in patients with previous myocardial infarction. The aim of our study was to assess the plasma level of homocysteine and its relationship with the severity of heart failure in patients with chronic myocardial infarction. METHODS We studied 144 patients with previous myocardial infarction. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of heart failure, as certified by clinical evidence of heart failure and by echocardiographic criteria for left ventricular systolic dysfunction. RESULTS Of the patients with prior myocardial infarction (144; 63.6 ± 9.6 years) included in the study, 65 had heart failure. The mean level of homocysteine was significantly higher in the heart failure group (18.9 mmol/L) than in the non-heart failure group (14.1 mmol/L; p ≤ 0.001). Our study demonstrated that there is a statistically significant correlation between homocysteine plasma levels and the severity of heart failure in patients with prior myocardial infarction. Homocysteine levels have proved to become higher with NYHA class progression. A significant cross-sectional correlation has been assessed between homocysteine and tissue Doppler echocardiography parameters. CONCLUSIONS Increased plasma homocysteine levels independently correlate with the severity of heart failure in patients with chronic myocardial infarction. We suggest that homocysteine can be used in clinical practice as a valuable heart failure risk marker in patients with chronic myocardial infarction.
A Hybrid Fuzzy/LQR Based Oscillation Damping Controller Using 3-level STATCOM

In this paper, a hybrid Fuzzy/LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) control method for 3-level STATCOM control is introduced and applied for damping oscillations caused by SSR. Linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is an optimal control method that minimizes the cost function in order to achieve the optimal tradeoff between the use of control effort, the magnitude and the speed of response. Also it guarantees a stable control system. The Fuzzy logic is used to design of control system in outer loops of controller and designed supplementary controller for damping oscillation in STATCOM. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid controller and its robustness performance. The operating range of the proposed control scheme was demonstrated as better that of the conventional controller.
"Sexism and Women's Labor Market Outcomes"

We examine the extent to which cross-market differences in women’s relative labor market outcomes are determined by differences across markets in sexism ‐ defined as views about the appropriate role women should play in society. Using data from the GSS to measure sexism, we show that selection-corrected gender wage gaps and relative employment rates are significantly related to the degree of sexist views held by the median male, but not with male sexism at the 10th or 90th percentile. Consistent with a standard labor supply model in which sexism lowers women’s offered wage, we find lower relative employment of women in more sexist markets is concentrated among women who would have worked few hours in sexism’s absence. Finally, we show that the patterns described for male sexism are not apparent for female responses to the GSS questions. The results are robust to a variety of extensions, including alternative strategies for correcting for gender skill differences, and selection. We argue that these results are consistent with a taste-based model of discrimination (Becker (1957)), and are especially striking in light of results from Charles and Guryan (2008) who find that racial wage differences are related to the left tail of the racial prejudice distribution, rather than the median or right tail - exactly as the prejudice model predicts for a group whose prevalence in the labor market much less than that for women. The results suggest that sexism has important implications for the workings of labor markets for men and women.
An Improved Bilinear Deep Belief Network Algorithm for Image Classification

A novel image recognition method based on the improved BDBN (Bilinear Deep Belief Network) model is presented, optimized with a MKL (Multiple Kernel Learning) strategy. All kernel functions in MKL are replaced by hierarchical feature representations, and the number of kernels is set to the number of layers of BDBN. The method is performed on the standard Caltech101 image dataset. The experiments show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of traditional BDBN methods by up to 2.8%, and the accuracy of the method is superior to some methods in the literature.
Impairment of Lysosomal Activity as a Therapeutic Modality Targeting Cancer Stem Cells of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Line RD

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents, with a high rate of relapse that dramatically affects the clinical outcome. Multiagent chemotherapy, in combination with surgery and/or radiation therapy, is the treatment of choice. However, the relapse rate is disappointingly high and identification of new therapeutic tools is urgently needed. Under this respect, the selective block of key features of cancer stem cells (CSC) appears particularly promising. In this study, we isolated rhabdomyosarcoma CSC with stem-like features (high expression of NANOG and OCT3/4, self-renewal ability, multipotency). Rhabdomyosarcoma CSC showed higher invasive ability and a reduced cytotoxicity to doxorubicin in comparison to native cells, through a mechanism unrelated to the classical multidrug resistance process. This was dependent on a high level of lysosome acidity mediated by a high expression of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase). Since it was not associated with other paediatric cancers, like Ewing’s sarcoma and neuroblastoma, V-ATPase higher expression in CSC was rhabdomyosarcoma specific. Inhibition of lysosomal acidification by the V-ATPase inhibitor omeprazole, or by specific siRNA silencing, significantly enhanced doxorubicin cytoxicity. Unexpectedly, lysosomal targeting also blocked cell growth and reduced the invasive potential of rhabdomyosarcoma CSC, even at very low doses of omeprazole (10 and 50 µM, respectively). Based on these observations, we propose lysosome acidity as a valuable target to enhance chemosensitivity of rhabdomyosarcoma CSC, and suggest the use of anti-V-ATPase agents in combination with standard regimens as a promising tool for the eradication of minimal residual disease or the prevention of metastatic disease.
Amp-PCR: Combining a Random Unbiased Phi29-Amplification with a Specific Real-Time PCR, Performed in One Tube to Increase PCR Sensitivity

In clinical situations where a diagnostic real-time PCR assay is not sensitive enough, leading to low or falsely negative results, or where detection earlier in a disease progression would benefit the patient, an unbiased pre-amplification prior to the real-time PCR could be beneficial. In Amp-PCR, an unbiased random Phi29 pre-amplification is combined with a specific real-time PCR reaction. The two reactions are separated physically by a wax-layer (AmpliWax®) and are run in sequel in the same sealed tube. Amp-PCR can increase the specific PCR signal at least 100×106-fold and make it possible to detect positive samples normally under the detection limit of the specific real-time PCR. The risk of contamination is eliminated and Amp-PCR could replace nested-PCR in situations where increased sensitivity is needed e.g. in routine PCR diagnostic analysis. We show Amp-PCR to work on clinical samples containing circular and linear viral dsDNA genomes, but can work well on DNA of any origin, both from non-cellular (virus) and cellular sources (bacteria, archae, eukaryotes).
Recovering memories of childhood sexual abuse; from cognitive mechanisms to classification

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Analysis of C. elegans intestinal gene expression and polyadenylation by fluorescence-activated nuclei sorting and 3′-end-seq

Despite the many advantages of Caenorhabditis elegans, biochemical approaches to study tissue-specific gene expression in post-embryonic stages are challenging. Here, we report a novel experimental approach for efficient determination of tissue-specific transcriptomes involving the rapid release and purification of nuclei from major tissues of post-embryonic animals by fluorescence-activated nuclei sorting (FANS), followed by deep sequencing of linearly amplified 3′-end regions of transcripts (3′-end-seq). We employed these approaches to compile the transcriptome of the developed C. elegans intestine and used this to analyse tissue-specific cleavage and polyadenylation. In agreement with intestinal-specific gene expression, highly expressed genes have enriched GATA-elements in their promoter regions and their functional properties are associated with processes that are characteristic for the intestine. We systematically mapped pre-mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation sites, or polyA sites, including more than 3000 sites that have previously not been identified. The detailed analysis of the 3′-ends of the nuclear mRNA revealed widespread alternative polyA site use (APA) in intestinally expressed genes. Importantly, we found that intestinal polyA sites that undergo APA tend to have U-rich and/or A-rich upstream auxiliary elements that may contribute to the regulation of 3′-end formation in the intestine.
Nuclear Weapons and Indian Security: The Realist Foundations of Strategy

By Bharat Karnad. (New Delhi, India: MacMillan India Limited, 2002). 724 pages. $37.50. For at least three reasons, this will be a most valuable book for anyone concerned about the nuclear confrontation in South Asia. To begin, the author was a member of India's first National Security Advisory Board, and was involved in the development of the 1999 Nuclear Draft Doctrine (included as an appendix in the book); he is today one of the more visible younger defense analysts in New Delhi. In this massive work, Karnad presents an analysis that many other Indians of his generation, will share on the current nuclear choices as India faces Pakistan, China, and the world, and on what the tradition of Gandhi and Nehru might mean for all this. It is an analysis that is unabashedly "realist" in its stress on national power and national self-interest, and that calls on India to do more rather than less in terms of acquiring nuclear weapons. If any outsider thinks that India will be guided by memories of Gandhi's nonviolence and Nehru's neutralism, this book serves as a valuable antidote, as it interprets such earlier approaches as merely effective tactical stratagems, not to be mistaken for absolute principle. Its interpretation, locked into a "realist" power-politics perspective, of these two great men of Indian history, and of other principal figures, is a mixture of the complimentary and quite derogatory. Gandhi and Nehru are seen as having developed formulas well-suited to the British or the third-world prejudices of the moment, and thus advanced Indian interests for a time, but formulas which these great figures and other Indian leaders made the mistake of taking too seriously over the longer term, treating such principles as absolutes. The author thus explicitly brings to the surface what many of his countrymen may now feel, and the book would be worth reading merely as an update on how informed Indian policymakers, and ordinary Indian citizens, see the international security question today. Second, the author offers an enormous amount of detail and anecdote about the various stages of the Indian nuclear decision process since the 1950s, pulling together all the published Western and Indian literature on the subject, but importantly adding in a great many observations based on interviews. As is always the case with such interview research, some of the descriptions and judgments on the historical events will be controversial, but anyone else writing his own book on Indian and Pakistani nuclear weapon developments will have to contend with what is presented in this work. There are sections on the Indian and Pakistani nuclear tests of 1998, arguing, based on outside-world analyses and interviews within India, that such tests were not nearly sufficient to put India on the road to reliable nuclear and thermonuclear weapons. …