Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass for prevention of respiratory insufficiency

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is necessary for most cardiac surgery, which may lead to postoperative lung injury. The objective of this paper is to systematically evaluate whether ventilation during CPB would benefit patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to October 2016. Eligible studies compared clinical outcomes of ventilation versus nonventilation during CPB in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The primary outcome includes oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) or alveolar to arterial oxygen tension difference (AaDO2) immediately after weaning from bypass. The secondary outcomes include postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), shunt fraction (Qs/Qt), hospital stay, and AaDO2 4 hours after CPB. Results: Seventeen trials with 1162 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Ventilation during CPB significantly increased post-CPB PaO2/FiO2 ratio (mean difference [MD] = 21.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30 to 42.37; P = 0.04; I2 = 75%) and reduced post-CPB AaDO2 (MD = –50.17; 95% CI = –71.36 to –28.99; P <0.00001; I2 = 74%). Qs/Qt immediately after weaning from CPB showed a significant difference between groups (MD = –3.24; 95% CI = –4.48 to –2.01; P <0.00001; I2 = 0%). Incidence of PPCs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.42 to 1.48; P = 0.46; I2 = 37%) and hospital stay (MD = 0.09; 95% CI = –23 to 0.41; P = 0.58; I2 = 37%) did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: Ventilation during CPB might improve post-CPB oxygenation and gas exchange in patients who underwent cardiac surgery. However, there is no sufficient evidence to show that ventilation during CPB could influence long-term prognosis of these patients. The beneficial effects of ventilation during CPB are requisite to be evaluated in powerful and well-designed RCTs.
Massively Parallel Processor

This paper describes a complete 6-year project, starting from its theoretical basis up to the hardware and software system implementation, and to the description of its future evolution. The main goal of the project is to develop a subsystem that operates as a processing unit attached to a standard workstation and in perspective as a low-cost low-sized specialized embedded system devoted to low level image analysis and cellular neural networks emulation. The architecture has been extensively used for basic low level image analysis tasks up to optical flow computation and feature tracking, showing encouraging performances even in the first prototype version.
Modelling hardware verification concerns specified in the e language: an experience report

e is an aspect-oriented hardware verification language that is widely used to verify the design of electronic circuits through the development and execution of testbenches. In recent years, the continued growth of the testbenches developed at Infineon Technologies has resulted in their becoming difficult to understand, maintain and extend. Consequently, a decision was taken to document the testbenches at a higher level of abstraction. Accordingly, we attempted to model our legacy test suites with an existing aspect-oriented modelling approach. In this paper we describe our experience of applying Theme/UML, an aspect-oriented modelling approach, to the representation of aspect-oriented testbenches implemented in e. It emerged that the common aspect-oriented concepts supported by Theme/UML were not sufficient to adequately represent the e language, primarily due to e's dynamic, temporal nature. Based on this experience we propose a number of requirements that must be addressed before aspect-oriented modelling approaches such as Theme/UML are capable of representing aspect-oriented systems implemented in e.
Identification of Intracellular Residues in the Dopamine Transporter Critical for Regulation of Transporter Conformation and Cocaine Binding*

Recently we showed evidence that mutation of Tyr-335 to Ala (Y335A) in the human dopamine transporter (hDAT) alters the conformational equilibrium of the transport cycle. Here, by substituting, one at a time, 16 different bulky or charged intracellular residues, we identify three residues, Lys-264, Asp-345, and Asp-436, the mutation of which to alanine produces a phenotype similar to that of Y335A. Like Y335A, the mutants (K264A, D345A, and D436A) were characterized by low uptake capacity that was potentiated by Zn2+. Moreover, the mutants displayed lower affinity for cocaine and other inhibitors, suggesting a role for these residues in maintaining the structural integrity of the inhibitor binding crevice. The conformational state of K264A, Y335A, and D345A was investigated by assessing the accessibility to MTSET ([2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl]-methanethiosulfonate) of a cysteine engineered into position 159 (I159C) in transmembrane segment 3 of the MTSET-insensitive “E2C” background (C90A/C306A). Unlike its effect at the corresponding position in the homologous norepinephrine transporter (NET I155C), MTSET did not inhibit uptake mediated by E2C I159C. Furthermore, no inhibition was observed upon treatment with MTSET in the presence of dopamine, cocaine, or Zn2+. Without Zn2+, E2C I159C/K264A, E2C I159C/Y335A, and E2C I159C/D345A were also not inactivated by MTSET. In the presence of Zn2+ (10 μm), however, MTSET (0.5 mm) caused up to ∼60% inactivation. As in NET I155C, this inactivation was protected by dopamine and enhanced by cocaine. These data are consistent with a Zn2+-dependent partial reversal of a constitutively altered conformational equilibrium in the mutant transporters. They also suggest that the conformational equilibrium produced by the mutations resembles that of the NET more than that of the DAT. Moreover, the data provide evidence that the cocaine-bound state of both DAT mutants and of the NET is structurally distinct from the cocaine-bound state of the DAT.
The Fragility of Individual-Based Explanations of Social Hierarchies: A Test Using Animal Pecking Orders

The standard approach in accounting for hierarchical differentiation in biology and the social sciences considers a hierarchy as a static distribution of individuals possessing differing amounts of some valued commodity, assumes that the hierarchy is generated by micro-level processes involving individuals, and attempts to reverse engineer the processes that produced the hierarchy. However, sufficient experimental and analytical results are available to evaluate this standard approach in the case of animal dominance hierarchies (pecking orders). Our evaluation using evidence from hierarchy formation in small groups of both hens and cichlid fish reveals significant deficiencies in the three tenets of the standard approach in accounting for the organization of dominance hierarchies. In consequence, we suggest that a new approach is needed to explain the organization of pecking orders and, very possibly, by implication, for other kinds of social hierarchies. We develop an example of such an approach that considers dominance hierarchies to be dynamic networks, uses dynamic sequences of interaction (dynamic network motifs) to explain the organization of dominance hierarchies, and derives these dynamic sequences directly from observation of hierarchy formation. We test this dynamical explanation using computer simulation and find a good fit with actual dynamics of hierarchy formation in small groups of hens. We hypothesize that the same dynamic sequences are used in small groups of many other animal species forming pecking orders, and we discuss the data required to evaluate our hypothesis. Finally, we briefly consider how our dynamic approach may be generalized to other kinds of social hierarchies using the example of the distribution of empty gastropod (snail) shells occupied in populations of hermit crabs.
Selfhood : discovery of survival values in low income black families in Hartford, Connecticut. Two case studies using family systems theory.

Selfhood: Discovery of Survival Values in Low Income Black Families in Hartford, Connecticut. Two Case Studies Using Family Systems Theory. (May 1980) Linda Webb-Woodard, B.A., University of California, M.Ed., University of Massachusetts, Ed . D. , University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor Douglas A. Forsyth Two low income Black families were selected for the case study which sought to identify selfhood. Selfhood is defined as the ability to survive in an openly hostile and anti -Black environment through the development of behavior patterns and coping mechanisms which address the stress and provide alternatives for effectively dealing with problems and insuring the continued ability to function. The study revealed several values which were consistent in both families and which allowed family members to explore the world and feel connected and supported. Implications were drawn for therapeutic practice and further study. The study emerged from several issues observed by the author. Generally speaking, the Black family is characterized as disorganized and pathologic. It is cited as a major contributing factor in almost every form of so-called Black "pathology" including low self concept, school failure, crime and illegitimacy. Yet, this view fai 1 s to account vi for the fact that Black people have survived despite all attempts to the contrary. Research which indicts Blacks as pathologic is termed colonized research. Colonized research is based on several assumptions. First, it uses a mythical model of white middle class family values as the standard against which all others are judged. The values of the . colonized group (in this case Blacks) are denied or made to appear per-
Phosphorylated CaMKII levels increase in rat central nervous system after large-dose intravenous remifentanil

Background Postoperative remifentanil-induced pain sensitization is common, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has been shown to have a critical role in morphine-induced hyperalgesia. This study was designed to determine how CaMKII phosphorylation and protein expression levels change in the central nervous system of rats with remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia. Material/Methods Male Sprague-Dawley® rats were exposed to large-dose (bolus of 6.0 μg/kg and 2.5 μg/kg/min for 2 hours) intravenous remifentanil to induce post-transfusion hyperalgesia. Levels of phosphorylated CaMKII (P-CaMKII) and total protein of CaMKII (T-CaMKII) were determined at different post-transfusion times by Western blot and immunostaining and were compared with controls. Results P-CaMKII increased significantly (P<0.05) at 0, 0.5, and 2 hours. However, P-CaMKII at 5 to 24 hours and T-CaMKII at 0 to 24 hours post-transfusion did not change significantly in rats’ spinal dorsal horn, hippocampus, or primary somatosensory (S1) cortex (n=6 per group). Similarly, immunostaining showed stronger P-CaMKII immunoreactants (P<0.05) and more P-CaMKII- positive cells (P<0.05) in the spinal dorsal horn, CA1 region of the hippocampus, and S1 cortex of rats 0.5 hours post-transfusion compared with the control group treated with 0.9% sodium chloride (n=3 per group). Conclusions These results suggest that a temporary rise in the P-CaMKII level in the central nervous system may correlate with remifentanil-induced pain sensitization in the postoperative period.
On expectations and the monetary stakes in ultimatum games

In an ultimatum game, player 1 makes an offer of $X from a total of $M to player 2. If player 2 accepts the offer, then player 1 is paid $(M-X) and player 2 receives $X; if player 2 rejects the offer, each gets zero. In the ultimatum game experiments reported in the literature,M is typically not more than $10 (see Forsythe, Horowitz, Savin and Sefton, 1994, hereafter FHSS; Hoffman, McCabe, Shachat and Smith, 1994, hereafter HMSS, and the literature cited therein). We report new results for 50 bargaining pairs in whichM=$100, and compare them with previous outcomes from 48 pairs withM=$10. The need for an examination of the effect of increased stakes on ultimatum bargaining is suggested by a literature survey of the effect of varying the stakes in a wide variety of decision making and market experiments over the last 33 years (Smith and Walker, 1993b). Many cases were found in which the predictions of theory were improved when the monetary rewards were increased. There were also cases in which the level of monetary rewards had no effect on the results. Consequently, it is necessary to examine the stakes question on a case by case basis. The previously reported effect of instructional changes, which define different institutional contexts, on ultimatum game outcomes, and the effect of stakes reported here, suggest a game formulation that explains changes in the behavior of both players as a result of changes in the instructional treatments. We formulate such a model and indicate how it might be further tested.
Influencing Factors of Delayed Alcohol Consumption Among Adolescent in Secondary School

Much progress has been made in the delaying of alcohol consumption among adolescent in the United States and Iceland. The progress in Iceland can be traced to use of the Icelandic model that focuses on the social environment of the adolescent. It has received attention especially for how rapidly alcohol consumption among adolescents has changed following use of the model. However despite this change the increase in consumption from the last grade in compulsory schools up to secondary school is strong. The goal of the present study was to examine factors that might delay onset of alcohol consumption among adolescent in secondary schools. Data from ISCRA was used from a sample of 2000 students’ age 15-20 years old. The hypothesis was that certain factors lead to the adolescent not starting to drink alcohol; high monitoring, low alcohol consumption of friends, low alcohol consumption of parents and participation in sports. The results showed that all of the factors were a predictor for delayed onset of drinking except for the drinking habits of the father. Also there was a difference between predictability of the factors for the younger students compared to the older ones.
Olprinone Attenuates the Acute Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis after Spinal Cord Trauma in Mice

Background Olprinone hydrochloride is a newly developed compound that selectively inhibits PDE type III and is characterized by several properties, including positive inotropic effects, peripheral vasodilatory effects, and a bronchodilator effect. In clinical settings, olprinone is commonly used to treat congestive cardiac failure, due to its inotropic and vasodilating effects. The mechanism of these cardiac effects is attributed to increased cellular concentrations of cAMP. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacological action of olprinone on the secondary damage in experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice. Methodology/Principal Findings Traumatic SCI is characterized by an immediate, irreversible loss of tissue at the lesion site, as well as a secondary expansion of tissue damage over time. Although secondary injury should be preventable, no effective treatment options currently exist for patients with SCI. Spinal cord trauma was induced in mice by the application of vascular clips (force of 24 g) to the dura via a four-level T5–T8 laminectomy. SCI in mice resulted in severe trauma characterized by edema, neutrophil infiltration, and production of inflammatory mediators, tissue damage, apoptosis, and locomotor disturbance. Olprinone treatment (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) 1 and 6 h after the SCI significantly reduced: (1) the degree of spinal cord inflammation and tissue injury (histological score), (2) neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase activity), (3) nitrotyrosine formation, (4) pro-inflammatory cytokines, (5) NF-κB expression, (6) p-ERK1/2 and p38 expression and (7) apoptosis (TUNEL staining, FAS ligand, Bax and Bcl-2 expression). Moreover, olprinone significantly ameliorated the recovery of hind-limb function (evaluated by motor recovery score). Conclusions/Significance Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that olprinone treatment reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury associated with spinal cord trauma.
Trajectories of depression: unobtrusive monitoring of depressive states by means of smartphone mobility traces analysis

One of the most interesting applications of mobile sensing is monitoring of individual behavior, especially in the area of mental health care. Most existing systems require an interaction with the device, for example they may require the user to input his/her mood state at regular intervals. In this paper we seek to answer whether mobile phones can be used to unobtrusively monitor individuals affected by depressive mood disorders by analyzing only their mobility patterns from GPS traces. In order to get ground-truth measurements, we have developed a smartphone application that periodically collects the locations of the users and the answers to daily questionnaires that quantify their depressive mood. We demonstrate that there exists a significant correlation between mobility trace characteristics and the depressive moods. Finally, we present the design of models that are able to successfully predict changes in the depressive mood of individuals by analyzing their movements.
Probabilistic Solution of Ill-Posed Problems in Computational Vision

We formulate several problems in early vision as inverse problems. Among the solution methods we review standard regularization theory, discuss its limitations, and present new stochastic (in particular, Bayesian) techniques based on Markov Random Field models for their solution. We derive efficient algorithms and describe parallel implementations on digital parallel SIMD architectures, as well as a new class of parallel hybrid computers that mix digital with analog components.
Age-related differences in auditory evoked potentials as a function of task modulation during speech–nonspeech processing

Healthy aging is typically associated with impairment in various cognitive abilities such as memory, selective attention or executive functions. Less well observed is the fact that also language functions in general and speech processing in particular seems to be affected by age. This impairment is partly caused by pathologies of the peripheral auditory nervous system and central auditory decline and in some part also by a cognitive decay.
Numerical Modeling of the Effect of the Baffle Location on the Flow Field , Sediment Concentration and Efficiency of the Rectangular Primary Sedimentation Tanks

In order to increase the performance of a primary sedimentation tank (clarifier), it is essential to have a uniform and calm flow field. The use of suitable baffle configurations may help forming favorable flow field and increase the efficiency of the primary sedimentation tank. In order to find the proper position of a baffle in a rectangular primary sedimentation tank, computational investigations are performed. Also laboratory experiments are conducted to verify the numerical results, so the velocity profile, vertical distribution of the suspended sediment concentration and removal efficiency of the sedimentation tank was measured. The results of the present study indicate that a uniform flow field in the settling zone is enhanced when the baffle position provides small volume of circulation regions. So the maximum concentration of the suspended sediments inside the settling zone and the highest value of removal efficiency are achieved.
Data Visualization in Scandinavian Newsrooms: Emerging Trends in Journalistic Visualization Practices

Abstract The visualization of numeric data is becoming an important element in journalism. In this article, we present an interview study investigating data visualization practices in Scandinavian newsrooms. Editorial leaders, data journalists, developers and graphic designers in 10 major news organizations in Norway, Sweden and Denmark provide information for the study on a range of issues concerning visualization practices and experiences. The emergence of multi-skilled specialist groups as well as innovation in technology and the ‘mobile first mantra’ are identified as important factors in the fast-developing practices of journalistic data visualization. Elements of tension and negotiation are revealed for issues concerning the role and effect of complex exploratory data visualizations and concerning the role of ordinary journalists in the production of charts and graphs.
Isolation and Characterization of Tumorigenic, Stem-like Neural Precursors from Human Glioblastoma

Transformed stem cells have been isolated from some human cancers. We report that, unlike other brain cancers, the lethal glioblastoma multiforme contains neural precursors endowed with all of the critical features expected from neural stem cells. Similar, yet not identical, to their normal neural stem cell counterpart, these precursors emerge as unipotent (astroglial) in vivo and multipotent (neuronal-astroglial-oligodendroglial) in culture. More importantly, these cells can act as tumor-founding cells down to the clonal level and can establish tumors that closely resemble the main histologic, cytologic, and architectural features of the human disease, even when challenged through serial transplantation. Thus, cells possessing all of the characteristics expected from tumor neural stem cells seem to be involved in the growth and recurrence of adult human glioblastomas multiforme.
Emotion Classification in Arabic Poetry using Machine Learning

In recent years, work on sentiment analysis and automatic text classification in Arabic has seen some progress. However, the problem of emotion classification remains widely underresearched. This work attempts to remedy the situation by considering the problem of classifying documents by their overall sentiment into four affect categories that are present in Arabic poetryRetha, Ghazal, Fakhr and Heja. This work begins by building an emotional annotated Arabic poetry corpus. The impact of different levels of language preprocessing settings, feature vector dimensions and machine learning algorithms is, then, investigated and evaluated on the emotion classification task. General Terms Natural language processing, classification, machine learning, sentiment analysis