Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imagery in Sport

is a comprehensive overview of theoretical models, research, and practical applications of imagery in sport-related contexts. Not surprisingly, just about every study conducted on imagery in sport and motor performance is included in this book. These are used to highlight methodological paradigms, practical implication, and future research directions for inquiring minds. The reference-text approach to Imagery in Sport is facilitated by several tables enabling readers to compare and contrast extensive information. For example, major concepts of ten popular imagery theories are presented. Measurement tools are compared based on image modality, dimension, question style, number of items, and format. In addition, several models are utilized to illustrate research paradigms and specifi c imagery predictions. Aligned with ideas that imagery is an ability that improves with practice and that all athletes have the potential to expand the way they use imagery, practitioners will fi nd the four chapters devoted to imagery application informative. This section amalgamates applications from popular applied sport psychology textbook chapters that are limited in scope. Imagery in Sport includes extensive recommendations for implementing imagery training programs highlighting athlete characteristics, image content, rehearsal routines, and ways to evaluate imagery-training programs. Six popular imagery-training interventions are reviewed, including Visuomotor Behavioral Rehearsal (VMBR), the AIM strategy (Korn, 1994), guided imagery, and stress inoculation training. The applied examples and imagery scripts, albeit few, can be tailored to fi t client characteristics especially if practitioners pay close attention to Singerʼs (1988) fi ve step strategy intervention framework and key components of an imagery training program presented in chapter 8. For those interested in augmenting imagery with technological aids (a.k.a. techno-junkies), descriptions of video modeling, biofeedback, heart rate monitors, and fl otation devices will be fascinating. In another nifty table, the authors outline four imagery uses for rehabilitation contexts: healing, pain management, the process of rehabilitation, and performance-related imagery. Practitioners working in the allied health professions (e.g., physical therapists, athletic trainers) will benefi t from details about the imagery process and related outcomes, which can serve to assist in tailoring image content to specifi c rehabilitation goals. Although practicing sport psychologists are identifi ed as the target audience in the preface, Imagery in Sport will certainly appeal to inquiring minds including students and scholars embarking on related research or those who have taken a hiatus from the topic. A signifi cant portion of the layout is devoted to application
HPV‐associated skin disease

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are DNA tumour viruses that induce hyperproliferative lesions in cutaneous and mucosal epithelia. The relationship between HPV and non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is important clinically since NMSC is the most common form of malignancy among fair‐skinned populations. It is well established that solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is the major risk factor for developing NMSC, but a pathogenic role for HPV in the development of NMSC has also been proposed. Recent molecular studies reveal a likely role for HPV infection in skin carcinogenesis as a co‐factor in association with UV. This review summarizes the literature describing these data, highlights some of the important findings derived from these studies, and speculates on future perspectives. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authentic Leadership: Development and Validation of a Theory-Based Measure†

This study developed and tested a theory-based measure of authentic leadership using five separate samples obtained from China, Kenya, and the United States. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a higher order, multidimensional model of the authentic leadership construct (the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire [ALQ]) comprising leader self-awareness, relational transparency, internalized moral perspective, and balanced processing. Structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrated the predictive validity for the ALQ measure for important work-related attitudes and behaviors, beyond what ethical and transformational leadership offered. Finally, results revealed a positive relationship between authentic leadership and supervisor-rated performance. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Electromyostimulation—A Systematic Review of the Effects of Different Electromyostimulation Methods on Selected Strength Parameters in Trained and Elite Athletes

Abstract Filipovic, A, Kleinöder, H, Dörmann, U, and Mester, J. Electromyostimulation—a systematic review of the effects of different electromyostimulation methods on selected strength parameters in trained and elite athletes. J Strength Cond Res 26(9): 2600–2614, 2012—This is the first part of 2 studies that systematically review the current state of research and structure the results of selected electromyostimulation (EMS) studies in a way that makes accurate comparisons possible. This part will focus on the effects of EMS on strength enhancement. On the basis of these results, part 2 will deal with the influence of the training regimen and stimulation parameters on EMS training effectiveness to make recommendations for training control. Out of about 200 studies, 89 trials were selected according to predefined criteria: subject age (<35 years), subject health (unimpaired), EMS type (percutaneous stimulation), and study duration (>7 days). To evaluate these trials, we first defined appropriate categories according to the type of EMS (local or whole body) and type of muscle contraction (isometric, dynamic, isokinetic). Then, we established the most relevant strength parameters for high-performance sports: maximal strength, speed strength, power, jumping and sprinting ability. Unlike former reviews, this study differentiates between 3 categories of subjects based on their level of fitness (untrained subjects, trained subjects, and elite athletes) and on the types of EMS methods used (local, whole-body, combination). Special focus was on trained and elite athletes. Untrained athletes were investigated for comparison purposes. This scientific analysis revealed that EMS is effective for developing physical performance. After a stimulation period of 3–6 weeks, significant gains (p < 0.05) were shown in maximal strength (isometric Fmax +58.8%; dynamic Fmax +79.5%), speed strength (eccentric isokinetic Mmax +37.1%; concentric isokinetic Mmax + 41.3%; rate of force development + 74%; force impulse + 29%; vmax + 19%), and power (+67%). Developing these parameters increases vertical jump height by up to +25% (squat jump +21.4%, countermovement jump +19.2%, drop jump +12%) and improves sprint times by as much as –4.8% in trained and elite athletes. With regard to the level of fitness, the analysis shows that trained and elite athletes, despite their already high level of fitness, are able to significantly enhance their level of strength to same extent as is possible with untrained subjects. The EMS offers a promising alternative to traditional strength training for enhancing the strength parameters and motor abilities described above. Because of the clear-cut advantages in time management, especially when whole-body EMS is used, we can expect this method to see the increasing use in high-performance sports.
Linkage of Foreign Carrier Protein to a Self-Tumor Antigen Enhances the Immunogenicity of a Pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccine1

The unique Ag-presenting capabilities of dendritic cells (DCs) make them attractive vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic cancer vaccines. While tumor Ag-pulsed DC vaccination has shown promising results in a variety of murine tumor models and early clinical trials, the optimal form of tumor Ag for use in DC pulsing has not been determined. We have studied DC vaccination using alternative forms of a soluble protein tumor Ag, the tumor-specific Ig idiotype (Id) expressed by a murine B cell lymphoma. Vaccination of mice with Id-pulsed DCs was able to induce anti-Id Abs only when the Id was modified to constitute a hapten-carrier system. DCs pulsed with Id proteins modified to include foreign constant regions, foreign constant regions plus GM-CSF, or linkage to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) carrier protein were increasingly potent in their ability to elicit anti-Id Abs. Vaccination with Id-KLH-pulsed DCs induced tumor-protective immunity superior to that obtained with Id-KLH plus a chemical adjuvant, and protection was not dependent upon effector T cells. Rather, protection was associated with the induction of high titers of anti-Id Abs of the IgG2a subclass, characteristic of a Th1 response. These findings have implications for the design of therapeutic Ag-pulsed DC vaccines for cancer immunotherapy in humans.
Counselling psychology: diversity and commonalities across the Western World

This special issue provides a description of counselling psychology across the Western World. The United States of America (USA), Canada, Australia, New Zealand (NZ), and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) all have descriptions of counselling psychology in their unique contexts included. These five descriptions illustrate both the diversity seen across Western cultures in the development and composition of counselling psychology, as well as the common factors that make counselling psychology a unique and vibrant profession. Main areas of counselling psychology diversity include the level of education and entry level credentials required for identification as a counselling psychologist, differing social and historical influences, and the amount of focus paid to career and psychometric issues. Counselling psychology commonalities include a struggle for identity including continuing efforts to differentiate counselling psychology from both clinical psychology and general counselling, an honouring of the science of psychology, and an advancement of multiculturally appropriate practice.
Robust exploitation of spatial and multi-user diversity in limited-feedback systems

We explore spatial vs. multi-user diversity tradeoffs in a cellular system with limited feedback. When the average feedback per individual user must be kept low, we show that spatial diversity gains, provided by antenna selection mechanisms and space-time block coding, clearly exceed those of multi-user diversity. Performance assessment is conducted, both analytically and by means of computer simulations, in terms of average system capacity and throughput. Closed-form expressions are derived for the SNR densities associated with the different transmission configurations, along with an approximate lower bound for system throughput.
Missed Distal Tracheal Foreign Body in Consecutive Bronchoscopies in a 6-year-old Boy

It is unusual but not uncommon for foreign bodies to be missed at bronchoscopy. This case report highlights the importance of the clinical history in the diagnosis of aspirated foreign bodies and the usefulness of chest imaging modalities. A 6-year-old boy presented with recurrent breathlessness and cough of 2 months. He was said to have aspirated the base cap of a pen at about the time symptoms started. He had two sessions of rigid bronchoscopy and a session of flexible bronchoscopy at three different hospitals. He had an initial rigid bronchoscopy which failed to show the foreign body (FB). A chest computerized tomographic scan demonstrated the FB, which was retrieved at combined flexible/rigid bronchoscopy. Although rigid bronchoscopy is the gold standard for managing airway foreign bodies, there remains a false negative rate for this procedure and where necessary, appropriate imaging may compliment rigid bronchoscopy, especially where there is some confusion.
Vitamin D Supplementation Enhances C18(dihydro)ceramide Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Sphingolipids are characterized by a broad range of bioactive properties. Particularly, the development of insulin resistance, a major pathophysiological hallmark of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2D), has been linked to ceramide signaling. Since vitamin D supplementation may slow down T2D progression by improving glucose concentrations and insulin sensitivity, we investigated whether vitamin D supplementation impacts on plasma sphingolipid levels in T2D patients. Thus, plasma samples of 59 patients with non-insulin-requiring T2D from a placebo-controlled, randomized, and double-blind study were retrospectively analyzed. Once per week, patients received either 20 drops of Vigantol oil, corresponding to a daily dose of 1904 IU/d vitamin D (verum: n = 31), or a placebo oil consisting of medium chain triglycerides (placebo: n = 28). Blood samples were taken from all of the participants at three different time points: 1) at the beginning of the study (baseline), 2) after 6 months supplementation, and 3) after an additional 6 months of follow-up. Plasma sphingolipids were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. At baseline and 6 months follow-up, no significant differences in plasma sphingolipid species were detected between the placebo and verum groups. After 6 months, vitamin D supplementation significantly enhanced plasma C18dihydroceramide (dhCer; N-stearoyl-sphinganine (d18:0/18:0)) and C18ceramide (Cer; N-stearoyl-sphingosine (d18:1/18:0)) levels were observed in the verum group compared to the placebo group. This was accompanied by significantly higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) blood levels in patients receiving vitamin D compared to the placebo group. Taken together, vitamin D supplementation induced changes of the C18 chain-length-specific dhCer and Cer plasma levels in patients with T2D. The regulation of sphingolipid signaling by vitamin D may thus unravel a novel mechanism by which vitamin D can influence glucose utilization and insulin action. Whether this acts favorably or unfavorably for the progression of T2D needs to be clarified.
Cytokeratin expression patterns for distinction of odontogenic keratocysts from dentigerous and radicular cysts.

BACKGROUND The clinical outcome of treatment of odontogenic cysts differs depending on separate entities. Particular clinical relevance must be attached to the distinction between odontogenic keratocysts, which have an evident tendency to recur, and other odontogenic cysts. The aim of this study was to evaluate cytokeratin (CK) expression patterns as an additional tool for characterization of different cysts as the histomorphologic appearance often is not decisive. METHODS Thirty cases of dentigerous and radicular cysts respectively as well as 15 cases of odontogenic keratocysts were considered. Expression of CK 5/6, 7, 10, 13, 17, 19 and 20 was determined in addition to Ki-67 immunohistochemically. RESULTS Expression of CK 17 was discernible in 93.3% of the odontogenic keratocysts, but only in 35.0% of dentigerous and radicular cysts under study (P < 0.001). CK 19 could be detected in 48.3% of dentigerous and radicular cysts, whereas odontogenic keratocysts were completely negative (P < 0.002). CONCLUSION Immunohistochemical detection of CK 17 and 19 seems to be a valuable additional parameter distinguishing between odontogenic keratocysts and other odontogenic--especially dentigerous--cysts which clinically are likely the most significant differential diagnoses in this context. J Oral Pathol Med (2005) 34: 558-64.
Human transcription factor YY1 represses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription and virion production

The transcriptional activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is affected by many cellular factors. Homologies near the HIV-1 initiator region to the DNA-binding sequences of YY1, a multifunctional transcription factor known to regulate diverse viral and cellular promoters, suggested that YY1 might regulate HIV-1. Antibody to YY1 blocked the formation of complexes by HeLa cell nuclear extract and a DNA oligonucleotide encoding the HIV-1 initiator region. HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) expression, as measured the expression of a transfected LTR-CAT reporter gene, was repressed more than 12-fold by the cotransfection of a YY1 expression vector. HIV-1 production by both COS-1 and CEM cells after transfection of an infectious molecular HIV-1 clone was repressed 7- to 20-fold by cotransfection of a YY1 expression vector. HIV-1 production was also decreased threefold in a CD4-positive lymphocyte cell line chronically infected with HIV-1 (8E5) after transfection of YY1. In situ hybridization studies confirmed that YY1 reduced HIV-1 RNA expression. YY1 may play an important role in the regulation of HIV-1 LTR expression in vivo and virus production by infected cells.
Genetic determinants of macular pigments in women of the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study.

PURPOSE To investigate genetic determinants of macular pigment optical density in women from the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS), an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. METHODS 1585 of 2005 CAREDS participants had macular pigment optical density (MPOD) measured noninvasively using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry and blood samples genotyped for 440 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 26 candidate genes related to absorption, transport, binding, and cleavage of carotenoids directly, or via lipid transport. SNPs were individually tested for associations with MPOD using least-squares linear regression. RESULTS Twenty-one SNPs from 11 genes were associated with MPOD (P ≤ 0.05) after adjusting for dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin. This includes variants in or near genes related to zeaxanthin binding in the macula (GSTP1), carotenoid cleavage (BCMO1), cholesterol transport or uptake (SCARB1, ABCA1, ABCG5, and LIPC), long-chain omega-3 fatty acid status (ELOVL2, FADS1, and FADS2), and various maculopathies (ALDH3A2 and RPE65). The strongest association was for rs11645428 near BCMO1 (βA = 0.029, P = 2.2 × 10(-4)). Conditional modeling within genes and further adjustment for other predictors of MPOD, including waist circumference, diabetes, and dietary intake of fiber, resulted in 13 SNPs from 10 genes maintaining independent association with MPOD. Variation in these single gene polymorphisms accounted for 5% of the variability in MPOD (P = 3.5 × 10(-11)). CONCLUSIONS Our results support that MPOD is a multi-factorial phenotype associated with variation in genes related to carotenoid transport, uptake, and metabolism, independent of known dietary and health influences on MPOD.
Heritable, De Novo Resistance to Leaf Rust and Other Novel Traits in Selfed Descendants of Wheat Responding to Inoculation with Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus

Stable resistance to infection with Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) can be evolved de novo in selfing bread wheat lines subjected to cycles of WSMV inoculation and selection of best-performing plants or tillers. To learn whether this phenomenon might be applied to evolve resistance de novo to pathogens unrelated to WSMV, we examined the responses to leaf rust of succeeding generations of the rust- and WSMV-susceptible cultivar ‘Lakin’ following WSMV inoculation and derived rust-resistant sublines. After three cycles of the iterative protocol five plants, in contrast to all others, expressed resistance to leaf and stripe rust. A subset of descendant sublines of one of these, ‘R1’, heritably and uniformly expressed the new trait of resistance to leaf rust. Such sublines, into which no genes from a known source of resistance had been introgressed, conferred resistance to progeny of crosses with susceptible parents. The F1 populations produced from crosses between, respectively, susceptible and resistant ‘Lakin’ sublines 4-3-3 and 4-12-3 were not all uniform in their response to seedling inoculation with race TDBG. In seedling tests against TDBG and MKPS races the F2s from F1 populations that were uniformly resistant had 3∶1 ratios of resistant to susceptible individuals but the F2s from susceptible F1 progenitors were uniformly susceptible. True-breeding lines derived from resistant individuals in F2 populations were resistant to natural stripe and leaf rust inoculum in the field, while the ‘Lakin’ progenitor was susceptible. The next generation of six of the ‘Lakin’-derived lines exhibited moderate to strong de novo resistance to stem rust races TPMK, QFCS and RKQQ in seedling tests while the ‘Lakin’ progenitor was susceptible. These apparently epigenetic effects in response to virus infection may help researchers fashion a new tool that expands the range of genetic resources already available in adapted germplasm.
Verticinone induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in immortalized and malignant human oral keratinocytes

Although verticinone, a major alkaloid isolated from the bulbus of Fritillaria ussuriensis, has been shown to induce differentiation in human leukemia cells, the exact mechanism of this action is not completely understood in cancer cells. Verticinone was used to conduct growth and apoptosis‐related experiments for two stages of oral cancer on immortalized human oral keratinocytes (IHOKs) and primary oral cancer cells (HN4). The procedures included MTT assay, three‐dimensional (3‐D) raft cultures, Western blotting, cell cycle analysis, nuclear staining and cytochrome c expression related to the apoptosis signaling pathway.
Organ donation: a pilot study of knowledge among medical and other university students.

BACKGROUND Physicians' knowledge of and attitudes towards organ donation may be a factor in organ procurement rates. There is a lack of information about how Canadian medical students perceive organ donation, and what they know about it. OBJECTIVE This pilot study assesses the knowledge and attitudes of university students toward organ donation. METHODS Medical students completed a self-administered questionnaire after a lecture. Non-medical students completed the same questionnaire at the university student center. The questionnaire included a test that was used to assess knowledge about organ donation. Attitudes were assessed by determining whether the student carried a signed organ donor card, and their reasons if they did not. RESULTS Of the 76 students in the first-year medical class, 39 responded. A sample of the first 40 non-medical students to visit a booth at the student centre was selected for comparative analysis. The mean age of medical students was 23.5 years; 23 for non-medical students. Of those surveyed, 56.6 per cent were women. Of medical students, 30.8 per cent reported carrying a signed card compared with 50 per cent of non-medical students. The most common reason for not carrying a card in both groups was apathy. Median test scores were 2.4/6 for both groups. Students carrying a signed card had a median test score of 2.7/6, with the median score for those not carrying signed cards being 2.2/6. CONCLUSION More investigation of the knowledge and attitudes of medical students regarding organ donation is warranted.