Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survivors and Victims, a Meta‐Analytical Review of Fairness and Organizational Commitment after Downsizing

There is a lack of consistent evidence that downsizing leads to improved financial performance. Lowered commitment after painful downsizing periods is identified as an important reason why downsizing does not show the intended long-term effects. This paper provides a meta-analytical overview of the impact of fairness on organizational commitment for survivors and victims after a downsizing operation. Among 37 samples (11,256 persons), a positive relationship was found between fairness and affective organizational commitment (ρ=0.40) for both survivors and victims. Three moderators of the fairness–commitment relationship were identified: (1) for survivors, procedural justice matters more than distributive justice; (2) the impact of fairness is stronger in countries with an individualistic (versus collectivistic) culture; (3) fairness matters more when mass layoff is initiated for profit maximization (versus economic necessity).
Personality and Intelligence at Work: Exploring and Explaining Individual Differences at Work

Foreword by Tim Judge. Preface. Individual Differences at Work. Methods to Assess Work Behaviour and Potential. Personality Testing in the Work Place. Types and Temperaments at Work. Personality Disorders at Work. Cognitive Ability at Work. Social and Emotional Intelligences at Work. Creativity at Work. Attitudes, Beliefs, Styles and Values at Work. Integrity and Honesty at Work. Competency at Work. Conclusion.
Desenvolvimento Municipal e Cumprimento da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal: Uma Análise dos Municípios Brasileiros Utilizando Dados em Painel

Sobre a alcada da gestao publica, encontram-se os mecanismos de gerenciamento dos recursos oriundos da sociedade, para que estes sejam aplicados de forma correta e eficiente, possibilitando, por meio de servicos, que promovam o desenvolvimento social e economico, a melhoria da qualidade de vida da populacao, objetivo maior da gestao publica. A Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF), neste cenario, apresenta-se como importante instrumento na observância da correta utilizacao dos recursos publicos ao determinar a responsabilidade fiscal da gestao publica, alem de maior controle e transparencia. Nesta perspectiva, o presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar os efeitos no desenvolvimento municipal decorrentes do cumprimento das determinacoes da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF). Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa com abordagem quantitativa, por meio de analise estatistica multivariada, composta por regressao linear simples e utilizando dados em painel, responsaveis por proporcionarem aos dados mais informacao, variabilidade, graus de liberdade e eficiencia, e menos colinearidade entre as variaveis, detectando e medindo melhor os efeitos gerados por estas (BALTAGI, 2005). A populacao do estudo compreendeu a relacao dos 5.565 municipios brasileiros, disponibilizada pelo IBGE (2009), selecionando-se a amostra mediante criterio estatistico, de forma aleatoria, e com erro amostral de 5%, totalizando 373 municipios, analisados no periodo de cinco anos (2005-2009). Utilizou-se o Indice de Responsabilidade Fiscal (IRF) e o Indice FIRJAN de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IFDM) como proxy para avaliar o grau de responsabilidade fiscal dos municipios e o grau de desenvolvimento municipal, respectivamente. O resultado permitiu observar uma relacao positiva entre a responsabilidade fiscal e o desenvolvimento municipal.
Clarithromycin versus cefaclor in lower respiratory tract infections. The Canadian Bronchitis Study Group.

A randomized study was done to compare the efficacy of clarithromycin 250 mg or 500 mg b.i. d. , vs. cefaclor 250 mg or 500 mg t.i. d. for 7-14 d in 197 evaluable patients with lower respiratory tract infection. Ninety-five patients received clarithromycin, 88 with acute bronchitis or exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and 7 with pneumonia. One hundred and two patients received cefaclor, 86 with bronchitis and 16 with pneumonia. Ten patients (10.5%) in the clarithromycin group did not complete the trial, 5 (5.3%) because of adverse event, and 3 (3.2%) because of clinical failure. Similarly, 11 patients (10.8%) did not complete cefaclor, 2 (2%) because of adverse event, and 7 (6.9%) because of clinical failure. Clinical cure or improvement was observed in 90 (94.7%) of patients on clarithromycin vs. 92 (90.2%) on cefaclor, p = 0.66. Bacteriologic cure was seen in 26/36 patients (72.2%) on clarithromycin vs. 28/40 patients (70%) on cefaclor, p = 0.28. Clarithromycin is just as effective as cefaclor for lower respiratory tract infections and is well tolerated.
Automonitoramento da fala de adultos que gaguejam

Introduction: Frequently, the natural flow of speech is interrupted by pauses, hesitations andrevisions. These elements, usually considered common dysfluencies are evidence of an internal systemof self-monitoring that repairs the speech in real time to ensure its intelligibility. Stuttering is a disorderin speech fluency and characterized by the presence of pauses, repetitions of sounds or syllables, blocksand prolongations. The strategies used by fluent speakers to revise their speech are similar to thecharacteristics that define stuttering; however few studies were conducted with the purpose of searchingthe self-monitoring of speech of people who stutter. Objective: To investigate the self-monitoring of speechof adults who stutter. Material and methods: This is a case-control study that included 35 adults whostutter, compared to 35 adults who do not stutter. All participants performed an oral reading task of aBrazilian Portuguese text. The task was recorded, transcribed and the examination of samples allowedthe identification of errors, their repairs and classification. The data were submitted to descriptive andanalytical statistics. Results: Adults who do and do not stutter show no significant differences regardingthe number of explicit errors, in oral reading task (p = 0.74). Significant differences were observedbetween the groups with regard to attempts to repair these errors, either explicit (p = 0.04) and covert(p = 0.002). Conclusion: Adults who do and do not stutter share a common system of self-monitoringof speech. However, adults who stutter proved more sensitive to errors and made an excessive numberof repairs, suggesting failures in adaptation and phonological planning.
Comprehensive validation of computational fluid dynamics simulations of in-vivo blood flow in patient-specific cerebral aneurysms.

PURPOSE Recently, image-based computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations have been proposed to investigate the local hemodynamics inside human cerebral aneurysms. It was suggested that the knowledge of the computed three-dimensional flow fields can be used to assist clinical risk assessment and treatment decision making. Therefore, it was desired to know the reliability of CFD for cerebral blood flow simulation, and be able to provide clinical feedback. However, the validations were not yet comprehensive as they lack either patient-specific boundary conditions (BCs) required for CFD simulations or quantitative comparison methods. METHODS In this study, based on a recently proposed in-vitro quantitative CFD evaluation approach via virtual angiography, the CFD evaluation was extended from phantom to patient studies. In contrast to previous work, patient-specific blood flow rates obtained by transcranial color coded Doppler ultrasound measurements were used to impose CFD BCs. Virtual angiograms (VAs) were constructed which resemble clinically acquired angiograms (AAs). Quantitative measures were defined to thoroughly evaluate the correspondence of the detailed flow features between the AAs and the VAs, and thus, the reliability of CFD simulations. RESULTS The proposed simulation pipeline provided a comprehensive validation method of CFD simulation for reproducing cerebral blood flow, with a focus on the aneurysm region. Six patient cases were tested and close similarities were found in terms of spatial and temporal variations of contrast agent (CA) distribution between AAs and VAs. For patient #1 to #5, discrepancies of less than 11% were found for the relative root mean square errors in time intensity curve comparisons from characteristic vasculature positions. For patient #6, where the CA concentration curve at vessel inlet cannot be directly extracted from the AAs and given as a BC, deviations about 20% were found. CONCLUSIONS As a conclusion, the reliability of the CFD simulations was well confirmed. Besides, it was shown that the accuracy of CFD simulations was closely related to the input BCs.
Bacteriorhodopsin is involved in halobacterial photoreception.

The bacterio-opsin gene was introduced into a "blind" Halobacterium salinarium mutant that (i) lacked all the four retinal proteins [bacteriorhodopsin (BR), halorhodopsin, and sensory rhodopsins (SRs) I and II] and the transducer protein for SRI and (ii) showed neither attractant response to long wavelength light nor repellent response to short wavelength light. The resulting transformed cells acquired the capability to sense light stimuli. The cells accumulated in a light spot, demonstrating the BR-mediated orientation in spatial light gradients. As in wild-type cells, a decrease in the intensity of long wavelength light caused a repellent response by inducing reversals of swimming direction, but, in contrast to wild-type cells, a decrease in the intensity of short wavelength light also repelled the cells. An increase in light intensity evoked an attractant response (i.e., a transient suppression of spontaneous reversals). Signal processing times and adaptation kinetics were similar to the SRI-mediated reactions. However, compared to SR-mediated photoresponses, higher light intensities were necessary to induce the BR-mediated responses. The light sensitivity of the transformant was increased by adding 1 mM cyanide and decreased by the addition of arginine, agents that respectively reduce and increase the light-independent generation of the electrochemical potential difference of H+ ions (delta mu H+). A decrease in irradiance to an intensity that was still high enough to saturate BR-initiated delta mu H+ changes failed to induce the repellent effect, but the addition of a protonophorous uncoupler sensitized the cell to these light stimuli. The BR D96N mutant (Asp-96 is replaced by Asn) with decreased proton pump activity showed strongly reduced BR-mediated responses. Azide, which increases this mutant's H+ pump efficiency, increased the photosensitivity of the mutant cells. Moreover, azide diminished (i) the membrane potential decreasing and (ii) repellent effects of blue light added to the orange background illumination in this mutant. We conclude that the BR-mediated photoreception is due to the light-dependent generation of delta mu H+. Our data are consistent with the assumption that the H. salinarium cell monitors the membrane energization level with a "protometer" system measuring total delta mu H+ changes or its electric potential difference component.
Vitamin-D deficiency is associated with chronic bacterial colonisation and disease severity in bronchiectasis

Introduction Vitamin-D deficiency has been linked to an increased risk of respiratory infections. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical importance of vitamin-D deficiency in patients with bronchiectasis. Methods 25-hydroxyvitamin-D was measured by immunoassay in 402 stable patients with bronchiectasis. Patients were classified as vitamin-D deficient (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D <25 nmol/l), insufficient (25 nmol/l–74 nmol/l) or sufficient (≥75 nmol/l). Disease severity was assessed, including exacerbation frequency, measurement of airway inflammatory markers, sputum bacteriology and lung function over 3 years follow-up. Results 50% of bronchiectasis patients were vitamin-D deficient, 43% insufficient and only 7% sufficient. This compared to only 12% of age and sex matched controls with vitamin-D deficiency (p<0.0001). Vitamin-D deficient patients were more frequently chronically colonised with bacteria (p<0.0001), 21.4% of vitamin-D deficient subjects were colonised with Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to 10.4% of insufficient patients and 3.6% of sufficient patients, p=0.003. Vitamin-D deficient patients had lower FEV1% predicted (p=0.002), and more frequent pulmonary exacerbations (p=0.04). Vitamin-D deficient patients had higher sputum levels of inflammatory markers and demonstrated a more rapid decline in lung function over 3 years follow-up. Defects in neutrophil function and assessment of airway LL-37 levels did not provide a mechanistic explanation for these findings. Vitamin-D deficient patients had, however, higher levels of Vitamin-D Binding Protein in sputum sol. Conclusions Vitamin-D deficiency is common in bronchiectasis and correlates with markers of disease severity. The mechanism of this association is unclear.
Oogenesis in Tenebrio molitor: histological and autoradiographical observations on pupal and adult ovaries.

(i) Nurse cells and oocytes in the telotrophic ovary of Tenebrio molitor L. (Insecta, Coleoptera-Polyphaga) are differentiated in the larval stadium. (ii) During pupation DNA synthesis occurs in the nurse cells and is probably associated with polyploidy; some of them become multinucleate. The functional significance of these events is interpreted as preparation for subsequent massive RNA synthesis. (iii) The oviducts incorporate [3H]thymidine and undergo elongation due to mitoses. This ceases at eclosion. (iv) RNA synthesis in the pupal ovary is low, but increases in the nurse cells and follicle cells just prior to eclosion. (v) In the adult ovary, once the growth phase has been initiated, a primary oocyte takes about six days to reach maturity. (vi) The nurse cells, though apparently lacking nucleoli, synthesize much stable RNA which reaches each oocyte via a trophic cord. (vii) The follicle cells undergo continuous DNA synthesis: some nuclei contain over 64 times the haploid amount of DNA. Replication is probably asynchronous within a nucleus: this may account for the phenomenon of simultaneous DNA and RNA synthesis in the follicle cells, which also lack nucleoli. (viii) Oogenesis has been divided into nine developmental stages, three of which are vitellogenic. (ix) The oocyte chromosomes are capable of RNA synthesis both when despiralized during early previtellogenesis and after karyosome formation, which occurs at stage 6. (x) The protein content of the oocyte appears to have a dual origin: at least part of the ooplasmic proteins form in situ ; while yolk proteins are derived from the haemolymph. The extra-ovarian protein reaches the oocyte via spaces which develop between the follicle cells. (xi) The nucleoplasm becomes more heavily labelled with proteins than the ooplasm. With [3H]leucine, methionine and phenylalanine but not with tryptophane or arginine, there is an increased incorporation into the karyosome. It is suggested that this karyosome-associated protein may function in gene masking. (xii) The significance of these findings is discussed with reference to the literature.
Opus: University of Bath Online Publication Store Painting with Bob: Assisted Creativity for Novices

This version is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Figure 1. Several examples of geese painted by novice users with Painting with Bob in under ten minutes. ABSTRACT Current digital painting tools are primarily targeted at professionals and are often overwhelmingly complex for use by novices. At the same time, simpler tools may not invoke the user creatively, or are limited to plain styles that lack visual sophistication. There are many people who are not art professionals , yet would like to partake in digital creative expression. Challenges and rewards for novices differ greatly from those for professionals. In this paper, we leverage existing works in Creativity and Creativity Support Tools (CST) to formulate design goals specifically for digital art creation tools for novices. We implemented these goals within a digital painting system, called Painting with Bob. We evaluate the efficacy of the design and our prototype with a user study, and we find that users are highly satisfied with the user experience , as well as the paintings created with our system.
Using the Randomized Response Technique to Investigate Illegal Fishing and Contribute to Abalone Management in Northern California

Illegal fishing has detrimental environmental and social impacts, but these effects are difficult to mitigate without reliable estimates of fisher non-compliance. Methods used by fisheries managers to estimate illegal fishing often require indirect estimation of poaching using biological, economic, or sociological indicators. This study presents a unique application of the randomized response technique (RRT) for direct estimation of non-compliance in the Northern California recreational red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) fishery. Using an anonymous paper-based compliance and sociodemographic survey of recreational fishers in Sonoma and Mendocino Counties, I estimate 29% non-compliance with the daily take limit, 23% with the minimum size limit, 19% with licensing laws, and 15% with the annual take limit and among the general population. No significant relationship between the socio-demographic variables gathered (age, income, county of residence, fishing experience) and RRT survey responses indicates that no clear profile can be ascertained to help identify potential violators. However, visitors have higher non-compliance estimates for all regulations except daily take limits, for which an estimated 72% of locals violate vs. only 18% of visitors. These rule-specific violation estimates allow for the development of efficient management priorities, as managers may target specific measures or user groups. Further research should develop quantitative RRT estimates of illegal take, and explore violation drivers operating within the fisher population.
Artificial intelligence in peer review: How can evolutionary computation support journal editors?

With the volume of manuscripts submitted for publication growing every year, the deficiencies of peer review (e.g. long review times) are becoming more apparent. Editorial strategies, sets of guidelines designed to speed up the process and reduce editors’ workloads, are treated as trade secrets by publishing houses and are not shared publicly. To improve the effectiveness of their strategies, editors in small publishing groups are faced with undertaking an iterative trial-and-error approach. We show that Cartesian Genetic Programming, a nature-inspired evolutionary algorithm, can dramatically improve editorial strategies. The artificially evolved strategy reduced the duration of the peer review process by 30%, without increasing the pool of reviewers (in comparison to a typical human-developed strategy). Evolutionary computation has typically been used in technological processes or biological ecosystems. Our results demonstrate that genetic programs can improve real-world social systems that are usually much harder to understand and control than physical systems.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection, diarrheal disease and sociodemographic predictors of child growth

Aim: To compare growth patterns between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected and ‐uninfected preschool children. To examine the associations between diarrheal and respiratory infections, sociodemographic factors and growth. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted among 524 children who were 6‐60 mo of age at recruitment. Information on sociodemographic characteristics was collected at baseline from the caregiver. Hemoglobin, malaria infection and HIV status of the children were assessed from a blood sample. Monthly height (length if >24 mo) and weight measurements were obtained, and clinical assessments carried out, during an average 12 mo follow‐up period. Yearly increments in height and weight were compared by HIV status, incidence of diarrhea and respiratory infections, and levels of sociodemographic variables. Results: After adjusting for maternal education, anemia and vitamin A supplementation, HIV infection was related to 2.8 cm [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.6, 5.0] and 1.3 kg (95% CI 0.0, 2.5) lower yearly length and weight gains, respectively, in children who were between 6 and 11 mo old at baseline. Among children who were 12‐23 mo old at recruitment, HIV infection was associated with 0.6 kg (95% CI 0.1, 1.0) less yearly weight gain. HIV infection was not related to linear or ponderal growth in children ≤24 mo old. Maternal illiteracy, severe child anemia and episodes of acute diarrhea were additional risk factors for growth delay in length.
Shift Work in Rats Results in Increased Inflammatory Response after Lipopolysaccharide Administration

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives circadian rhythms in behavioral and physiological variables, including the inflammatory response. Shift work is known to disturb circadian rhythms and is associated with increased susceptibility to develop disease. In rodents, circadian disruption due to shifted light schedules (jet lag) induced increased innate immune responses. To gain more insight into the influence of circadian disruption on the immune response, we characterized the inflammatory response in a model of rodent shift work and demonstrated that circadian disruption affected the inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) both in vivo and in vitro. Since food consumption is a main disturbing element in the shift work schedule, we also evaluated the inflammatory response to LPS in a group of rats that had no access to food during their working hours. Our results demonstrated that the shift work schedule decreased basal TNF-α levels in the liver but not in the circulation. Despite this, we observed that shift work induced increased cytokine response after LPS stimulation in comparison to control rats. Also, Kupffer cells (liver macrophages) isolated from shift work rats produced more TNF-α in response to in vitro LPS stimulation, suggesting important effects of circadian desynchronization on the functionality of this cell type. Importantly, the effects of shift work on the inflammatory response to LPS were prevented when food was not available during the working schedule. Together, these results show that dissociating behavior and food intake from the synchronizing drive of the SCN severely disturbs the immune response.
Crystal structure of bromido-fac-tricarbonyl[5-phenyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-κ2 N,N′]rhenium(I)

In this rhenium carbonyl complex of 5-phenyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, the ReI atom has a distorted octahedral coordination environment. Mutual N—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds arrange the molecules into centrosymmetric dimers. Additional stabilization within the crystal structure is provided by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, as well as by slipped π–π stacking interactions.