Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling of Microstructural Banding during Transformations in Steel Dipl

Microstructural banding is defined as alternating layers of two different microstructures in steel, often ferrite and pearlite. It is caused by fluctuations in the concentration of alloying elements, primarily manganese, due to microsegregation introduced during solidification. In this thesis, a model is presented to simulate banding using phase transformation kinetics theory. An existing program that simulates the decomposition of austenite to allotriomorphic ferrite, Widmanstätten ferrite and pearlite upon cooling was significantly modified to treat steels with an inhomogeneous distribution of solute, with the focus on manganese. The concentration profile was divided into discrete concentration steps (“slices”) and paraequilibrium conditions were assumed. The slices interact by the partitioning of carbon between them. After each time step, the concentration of carbon in untransformed austenite is calculated by taking into account the amount of ferrite formed in all slices, effectively assuming infinitely fast carbon partitioning. Simulations were carried out using three sets of input parameters, one of them being a typical steel with parameters chosen to clearly show banding and two of them taken from the literature for comparison of the model with experimental data. Input parameters were systematically varied to test the behaviour of the program. Trends for varied cooling rate, austenite grain size and concentration fluctuation amplitude are in accordance with the expected results. The model was capable of reproducing the suppression of banding above a critical cooling rate, although this rate did not quantitatively agree with experimental findings for all the test cases implemented. Results differ from experiments mainly for high cooling rates, probably due to the unrealistic assumption of infinitely fast carbon partitioning between the slices. A method is suggested on how the current model could be improved to include a finite carbon partitioning velocity. The work nevertheless represents the most comprehensive treatment of the phenomenon of banding to date.
Abnormalities of Motor Imagery Ability Associated with Spatial Working Memory Dysfunction in Chronic Schizophrenic Patients

Background: Spatial working memory (SWM) and mental imagery involve the processes of encoding, maintaining, and transforming spatial information. Patients with schizophrenia show impairments in both SWM and mental imagery. Yet, there is scarce evidence on the relationship between impairment in the two cognitive functions in the patients. Objectives: The goal of the present study was to investigate motor imagery ability and SWM function and their relationship in schizophrenic patients. Methods: The present case-control study compared the performance of 18 schizophrenic patients and 18 normal persons. The motor imagery was evaluated with the mental hand rotation task (HRT) and SWM was examined with the Dot test of visuospatial working memory (VSWM) across the three delays. Results: The comparison of HRT results between the patients and the controls showed a slower and less accurate performance of the patients. On the Dot test of VSWM, performance was significantly less accurate at the three delays in schizophrenic patients relative to the controls. Moreover, there was a negative significant correlation between mental rotation accuracy and distance inaccuracy across the three delays in schizophrenic patients. Conclusions: These results provide further evidence that impaired passive maintenance of internal representation might be the underlying mechanism of motor imagery dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia.
2016 Ieee International Conference on Big Data (big Data) Facilitating Reproducible Research by Investigating Computational Metadata

—Computational workflows consist of a series of steps in which data is generated, manipulated, analysed and transformed. Researchers use tools and techniques to capture the provenance associated with the data to aid reproducibility. The metadata collected not only helps in reproducing the computation but also aids in comparing the original and reproduced computations. In this paper, we present an approach, " Why-Diff " , to analyse the difference between two related computations by changing the artifacts and how the existing tools " YesWorkflow " and " NoWorkflow " record the changed artifacts.
The use of traditional and non-traditional career theories to understand the young’s relationship with new technologies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to, which involved 123 students in their last year of an administration course at a private university in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, evaluate the importance of analyzing the pressure from new technologies on the careers of young university students from a career theory perspective. Design/methodology/approach From the perspective of traditional theories, the authors used “career anchors,” and from the perspective of non-traditional theories, “intelligent careers,” in which people develop three competency groups that are transferable between organizations: knowing why; knowing how; and knowing whom. The hypotheses the authors raised were analyzed using statistical techniques and the following results were obtained: young people do not see new technologies as a threat to their current job; people who see the “Knowing How” competence as being more developed feel less pressure from new technologies; non-traditional theories show a greater potential to analyze technological pressure than traditional theories; and, finally, the nature of people’s jobs produces different impacts on the pressure of new technologies on their careers, since people who occupy positions involving more human interaction with internal or external clients feel less threatened. Findings It was found that the lowest mean among the constructs analyzed was the pressure from technology on career. The correlations between the competencies of intelligent careers and the perception of the pressure from technology on career were weak, but significant, whereas the “Knowing How” competency was negatively correlated with the pressure caused by technology. There was no significant influence of the anchors on the pressure from technology on career. However, incorporating the competencies of intelligent careers improved the statistical model’s fit. In associating job positions with the pressure from technology on career, administrative and operational positions showed higher averages than sales associate and management positions. Originality/value Broadly speaking, it can be noted that traditional career theories, especially the vocational counseling approach, are not sufficient to explain the impact of new technologies on careers. At the same time, one way of coping with the pressure brought about by technological advances may be in using technology itself to develop “useful professional skills,” in a manner consistent with “intelligent careers. ”
A High-Efficiency Wide-Input-Voltage Range Switched Capacitor Point-of-Load DC–DC Converter

The traditional inductor-based buck converter has been the default design for switched-mode voltage regulators for decades. Switched capacitor (SC) dc-dc converters, on the other hand, have traditionally been used in low-power (<;10 mW) and low conversion ratio (<;4:1) applications where neither regulation nor efficiency is critical. This study encompasses the complete successful design, fabrication, and test of a CMOS-based SC dc-dc converter, addressing the ubiquitous 12-1.5 V boardmounted point-of-load application. In particular, the circuit developed in this study attains higher efficiency (92% peak, and >80% over a load range of 5 mA to 1 A) than surveyed competitive buck converters, while requiring less board area and less costly passive components. The topology and controller enable a wide input range of 7.5-13.5 V. Controls based on feedback and feedforward provide tight regulation under worst case line and load step conditions. This study shows that the SC converter can outperform the buck converter, and thus, the scope of SC converter application can and should be expanded.
Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells: Differentiation, Function, and Application to Dengue Virus Infection

Dengue virus (DENV) has spread through most tropical and subtropical areas of the world and represents a serious public health problem. The control of DENV infection has not yet been fully successful due to lack of effective therapeutics or vaccines. Nevertheless, a better understanding of the immune responses against DENV infection may reveal new strategies for eliciting and improving antiviral immunity. T cells provide protective immunity against various viral infections by generating effector cells that cooperate to eliminate antigens and memory cells that can survive for long periods with enhanced abilities to control recurring pathogens. Following activation, CD8 T cells can migrate to sites of infection and kill infected cells, whereas CD4 T cells contribute to the elimination of pathogens by trafficking to infected tissues and providing help to innate immune responses, B cells, as well as CD8 T cells. However, it is now evident that CD4 T cells can also perform cytotoxic functions and induce the apoptosis of target cells. Importantly, accumulating studies demonstrate that cytotoxic CD4 T cells develop following DENV infections and may play a crucial role in protecting the host from severe dengue disease. We review our current understanding of the differentiation and function of cytotoxic CD4 T cells, with a focus on DENV infection, and discuss the potential of harnessing these cells for the prevention and treatment of DENV infection and disease.
Bias and equivalence

In every cross-cultural study, the question as to whether test scores obtained in different cultural populations can be interpreted in the same way across these populations has to be dealt with. Bias and equivalence have become the common terms to refer to the issue. A taxonomy of both bias and equivalence is presented. Bias can be engendered by the theoretical construct (construct bias), the method such as the form of test administration (method bias), and the item content (item bias). Equivalence refers to the of comparability across cultures. Three levels of equivalence are possible: the same construct is measured in each cultural group but the functional form of the relationship between scores obtained in various groups is unknown (structural equivalence), scores have the same measurement unit across populations but have different origins (measurement unit equivalence), and scores have the same measurement unit and origin in all populations (full scale equivalence). The most frequently encountered sources of bias and their remedies are described. Bias and Equivalence: Overview 3 This article will discuss bias and equivalence in cross-cultural assessment. We will start with a taxonomy of bias and equivalence (cf. Van de Vijver & Leung, 1997a, 1997b). A lot of cross-cultural research involves the application of instruments in various linguistic groups. Thus, the types of multilingual studies and their impact on bias and equivalence are discussed in the second section. The third section describes common sources of bias. The question of how to identify and to remove bias is discussed in the fourth section. Finally, conclusions are presented. BIAS AND EQUIVALENCE: DEFINITIONS AND TAXONOMY
Scheduled Dataflow: Execution Paradigm, Architecture, and Performance Evaluation

In this paper, the scheduled dataflow (SDF) architecture-a decoupled memory/execution, multithreaded architecture using nonblocking threads-is presented in detail and evaluated against superscalar architecture. Recent focus in the field of new processor architectures is mainly on VLIW (e.g., IA-64), superscalar, and superspeculative designs. This trend allows for better performance, but at the expense of increased hardware complexity and, possibly, higher power expenditures resulting from dynamic instruction scheduling. Our research deviates from this trend by exploring a simpler, yet powerful execution paradigm that is based on dataflow and multithreading. A program is partitioned into nonblocking execution threads. In addition, all memory accesses are decoupled from the thread's execution. Data is preloaded into the thread's context (registers) and all results are poststored after the completion of the thread's execution. While multithreading and decoupling are possible with control-flow architectures, SDF makes it easier to coordinate the memory accesses and execution of a thread, as well as eliminate unnecessary dependencies among instructions. We have compared the execution cycles required for programs on SDF with the execution cycles required by programs on SimpleScalar (a superscalar simulator) by considering the essential aspects of these architectures in order to have a fair comparison. The results show that SDF architecture can outperform the superscalar. SDF performance scales better with the number of functional units and allows for a good exploitation of Thread Level Parallelism (TLP) and available chip area.
Peripheral neuropathy in ANCA-associated vasculitis: outcomes from the European Vasculitis Study Group trials.

OBJECTIVES To describe the incidence and prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV); to evaluate the correlation of neuropathy with other clinical manifestations; and to review the long-term outcome of treated neuropathy. METHODS Presence of neuropathy was determined using items from the BVAS and vasculitis damage index (VDI) during 5 years from enrollment into clinical trials conducted by the European Vasculitis Study Group (EUVAS). RESULTS Forty (8%) of 506 patients had vasculitic neuropathy at baseline. Incidence of vasculitic motor-involving neuropathy was identical between microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) [16 (7%) out of 237] and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) [19 (7%) out of 269], P = 0.94. Pure sensory neuropathy was reported in 5 (2%) out of 269 patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis, but not in patients with MPA, P = 0.065. Vasculitic neuropathy at baseline was associated with systemic [odds ratio (OR) = 1.81], cutaneous (OR = 1.29), mucous membranes (OR = 1.21) and ENT (OR = 1.14) manifestations of vasculitis (P < 0.05 for all). There was no association between neuropathy and renal, chest, cardiovascular or abdominal vasculitis or with overall mortality. Of the 40 patients with vasculitic neuropathy at baseline, 35% had complete resolution within 6 months. The cumulative prevalence of chronic neuropathy at any time up to 5 years was 15% (75 of 506). Chronic neuropathy was associated with older age [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.03], higher BVAS (HR = 1.07) and lower baseline creatinine (HR = 0.82) (P < 0.01 for all). CONCLUSION Peripheral neuropathy is an occasional accompaniment of AAV that typically remits in concert with non-neuropathic manifestations, usually involves motor nerves, often produces long-lasting symptoms and is not associated with life-threatening organ involvement.
It's not polite to point Generating socially-appropriate deictic behaviors towards people

Pointing behaviors are used for referring to objects and people in everyday interactions, but the behaviors used for referring to objects are not necessarily polite or socially appropriate for referring to humans. In this study, we confirm that although people would point precisely to an object to indicate where it is, they were hesitant to do so when pointing to another person. We propose a model for generating socially-appropriate deictic behaviors in a robot. The model is based on balancing two factors: understandability and social appropriateness. In an experiment with a robot in a shopping mall, we found that the robot's deictic behavior was perceived as more polite, more natural, and better overall when using our model, compared with a model considering understandability alone.
Transferring custody from birth parents to foster parents – an ambiguous matter

ABSTRACT In this study, we analyse 32 district court decisions regarding custody transfers from the birth parents to the foster parents in Sweden. When a child has been in foster care for three years, in order to enhance stability for child, the local social welfare committee considers a transferral of custody to the foster parents following an application to the district court. Although all but one of the decisions in our study favoured a custody transfer, the courts acknowledge different reasons for this. Specifically, there is vagueness about whether or not functioning contact between the child and birth parents is a hindrance in custody transfer. Our findings stress the need for clarification in the law regarding the criteria for custody transfer in order to reach a more unified judgment. Furthermore, the district courts do not sufficiently acknowledge children’s views, and we suggest that children and young people should be made more visible in the decision-making process.
Affective Determinants of Health Behavior

This chapter discusses dual-process models of (health) behaviors, regarding both their recent criticisms and implications for health interventions. It agrees with critics that impulsive and reflective processes should not be equated with specific brain processes, but that psychological processes are emergent properties of the dynamic unfolding interplay between different neural systems. It maintains that at a psychological level of description, these models can still be useful to understand challenges to health behaviors and possible interventions. Affective processes can influence impulsive decision-making in health, but also reflective processes, when they concern affectively relevant goals. Cognitive training methods, including cognitive bias modification and training of executive control, have shown some success in changing health behaviors, but a critical variable for long-term success appears to be motivation to change.
Capital-Market Effects of Securities Regulation : The Role of Prior Regulation , Implementation and Enforcement *

This paper examines capital market effects of changes in securities regulation. We analyze two key directives in the European Union (EU) that tightened market abuse and transparency regulation and its enforcement. All EU member states were required to adopt these two directives but did so at different points in time. Our research design exploits this differential timing of the same regulatory change to identify the capital-market effects. We also use crosssectional variation in the strictness of implementation and enforcement as well as in prior regulation to analyze the role of these factors for regulatory outcomes. We find that, on average, market liquidity increases as EU countries tighten market abuse and transparency regulation. The effects are larger in countries that implement and enforce the directives more strictly. They are also stronger in countries with traditionally stricter securities regulation and with a better track record of implementing regulation and government policies in general. The results indicate that the same forces that have limited the effectiveness of regulation in the past are still at play when new rules are introduced, leading to hysteresis in regulatory outcomes. The finding also illustrates that imposing the same regulation in countries that differ in their initial conditions can make countries diverge more, rather than move together, which has important implications for global regulatory reform. JEL classification: F30, G15, G18, G30, K22, M41
Investigation of the Effects of Polyurethane Foam Reinforcement Thickness on Modal Properties of Sandwich Beams

Bu calismada, poliuretan kopuk (PUF) takviye kalinliginin sandvic kirislerin modal ozelliklerine (dogal frekans, mod sekli ve sonum) etkileri arastirilmistir. Bu amacla, iki tip PUF takviyeli kiris, biri aluminyum meta tabakasinin bir yuzeyi uzerine ve digeri iki aluminyum metal tabaka arasina takviye edilmistir. Her tip 10 mm'den 50 mm'ye kadar farkli PUF kalinliklarinda hazirlanmistir. Modal ozellikler, her iki tip icin deneysel modal analiz (EMA) yontemi kullanilarak elde edilmistir
Terahertz radiation induces non-thermal structural changes associated with Fröhlich condensation in a protein crystal

Whether long-range quantum coherent states could exist in biological systems, and beyond low-temperature regimes where quantum physics is known to be applicable, has been the subject to debate for decades. It was proposed by Fröhlich that vibrational modes within protein molecules can order and condense into a lowest-frequency vibrational mode in a process similar to Bose-Einstein condensation, and thus that macroscopic coherence could potentially be observed in biological systems. Despite the prediction of these so-called Fröhlich condensates almost five decades ago, experimental evidence thereof has been lacking. Here, we present the first experimental observation of Fröhlich condensation in a protein structure. To that end, and to overcome the challenges associated with probing low-frequency molecular vibrations in proteins (which has hampered understanding of their role in proteins' function), we combined terahertz techniques with a highly sensitive X-ray crystallographic method to visualize low-frequency vibrational modes in the protein structure of hen-egg white lysozyme. We found that 0.4 THz electromagnetic radiation induces non-thermal changes in electron density. In particular, we observed a local increase of electron density in a long α-helix motif consistent with a subtle longitudinal compression of the helix. These observed electron density changes occur at a low absorption rate indicating that thermalization of terahertz photons happens on a micro- to milli-second time scale, which is much slower than the expected nanosecond time scale due to damping of delocalized low frequency vibrations. Our analyses show that the micro- to milli-second lifetime of the vibration can only be explained by Fröhlich condensation, a phenomenon predicted almost half a century ago, yet never experimentally confirmed.
Timescale dependence of aeolian sand flux observations under atmospheric turbulence

The transport of sand in saltation is driven by the persistently unsteady stresses exerted by turbulent winds. Based on coupled high‐frequency observations of wind velocity and sand flux on a desert dune during intermittent saltation, we show here how observations of saltation by natural winds depend significantly on the timescale and method used for determining shear stress and sand flux. The correlation between sand flux and excess shear stress (stress above a threshold value) systematically improves for longer averaging timescale, T, and is better for stress determined by the law‐of‐the‐wall versus the Reynolds stress method. Fitting parameters for the stress‐flux relationship do not converge with increasing T, which may be explained by the nonstationary nature of wind velocity statistics. We show how it may be possible, based on the scale‐dependent statistics of stress fluctuations, to rescale saltation flux predictions for wind observations made at different timescales. However, our observations indicate hysteresis and time lags in thresholds for initiation and cessation of saltation, which complicate threshold‐based approaches to predicting sediment transport at different timescales.