Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Case-Based Learning using video In Emergency care of infant and toddlers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of case-based learning about infants and toddlers on healthcare department students, using a video in an emergency care environment. A total of 57 students from a healthcare department of D university in J city were enrolled. They were divided into two groups: The experimental group (n=29) and the control group (n=28). This study is pre-post designed with a non-equivalent control group. The experimental group received a 1-week education for a duration of 3 weeks (3 sessions in total) with 180 minutes per session. The control group received a traditional curriculum of lecture. Before and after the education, we measured the knowledge and skill confidence of emergency care toward infants and toddlers, the academic self-efficacy, and problem solving ability. Data collection and intervention were carried out from November to December of 2014. Data were analyzed with x2-test, paired t-test, unpaired t-test with SPSS version 20.0 Program. The experimental group showed a significantly higher improvement of skill confidence of emergency care toward infants and toddlers (P<001), as well as preferred task difficulty among sub-items of academic self-efficacy (p=.029), approach avoidance style (P=.001), and problem solving confidence (p=.040) among sub-items of problem solving ability on preference compared with the control group . In this study, a case-based learning was verified to be an effective teaching method to enhance professional competency of healthcare department students. The findings from this study suggest that a case-based learning using various educational contents should be developed, expanded, and carried out to promote better learning.
Hysteria and Dissociative Processes: A Latent Multiple Self-State Model of Mind in Self Psychology

ABSTRACT The study of hysteria has paved the way for the growth of psychoanalytic theory ever since Freud and Breuer (1895) made an effort to sort out its clinical presentation. Dissociative processes fuel the engine that drives hysteria along peculiarly predictable paths. The vertical split represents a description of a dissociative organization of mind. A multiple self-state model of mind sits at the core of self psychology. After a review of relevant literature, a clinical example illustrates both the simplicity and complexity of such a model and its parsimonious utility in understanding hysteria in a self psychological context.
Responses of monkey dopamine neurons during learning of behavioral reactions.

1. Previous studies have shown that dopamine (DA) neurons respond to stimuli of behavioral significance, such as primary reward and conditioned stimuli predicting reward and eliciting behavioral reactions. The present study investigated how these responses develop and vary when the behavioral significance of stimuli changes during different stages of learning. Impulses from DA neurons were recorded with movable microelectrodes from areas A8, A9, and A10 in two awake monkeys during the successive acquisition of two behavioral tasks. Impulses of DA neurons were distinguished from other neurons by their long duration (1.8-5.0 ms) and low spontaneous frequency (0.5-7.0 imp/s). 2. In the first task, animals learned to reach in a small box in front of them when it opened visibly and audibly. Before conditioning, DA neurons were activated the first few times that the empty box opened and animals reacted with saccadic eye movements. Neuronal and behavioral responses disappeared on repeated stimulus presentation. Thus neuronal responses were related to the novelty of an unexpected stimulus eliciting orienting behavior. 3. Subsequently, the box contained a small morsel of apple in one out of six trials. Animals reacted with ocular saccades to nearly every box opening and reached out when the morsel was present. One-third of 49 neurons were phasically activated by every door opening. The response was stronger when food was present. Thus DA neurons responded simultaneously to the sight of primary food reward and to the conditioned stimulus associated with reward. 4. When the box contained a morsel of apple on every trial, animals regularly reacted with target-directed eye and arm movements, and the majority of 76 DA neurons responded to door opening. The same neurons lacked responses to a light not associated with task performance that was illuminated at the position of the food box in alternate sessions, thus demonstrating specificity for the behavioral significance of stimuli. 5. The second task employed the operant conditioning of a reaction time situation in which animals reached from a resting key toward a lever when a small light was illuminated. DA neurons lacked responses to the unconditioned light. During task acquisition lasting 2-3 days, one-half of 25 DA neurons were phasically activated when a drop of liquid reward was delivered for reinforcing the reaching movement. In contrast, neurons were not activated when reward was delivered at regular intervals (2.5-3.5 s) but a task was not performed. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
IDH1 mutation detection by droplet digital PCR in glioma

Glioma is the most frequent central nervous system tumor in adults. The overall survival of glioma patients is disappointing, mostly due to the poor prognosis of glioblastoma (Grade IV glioma). Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is a key factor in metabolism and catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate. Mutations in IDH genes are observed in over 70% of low-grade gliomas and some cases of glioblastoma. As the most frequent mutation, IDH1(R132H) has been served as a predictive marker of glioma patients. The recently developed droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) technique generates a large amount of nanoliter-sized droplets, each of which carries out a PCR reaction on one template. Therefore, ddPCR provides high precision and absolute quantification of the nucleic acid target, with wide applications for both research and clinical diagnosis. In the current study, we collected 62 glioma tissue samples (Grade II to IV) and detected IDH1 mutations by Sanger direct sequencing, ddPCR, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). With the results from Sanger direct sequencing as the standard, the characteristics of ddPCR were compared with qRT-PCR. The data indicated that ddPCR was much more sensitive and much easier to interpret than qRT-PCR. Thus, we demonstrated that ddPCR is a reliable and sensitive method for screening the IDH mutation. Therefore, ddPCR is able to applied clinically in predicting patient prognosis and selecting effective therapeutic strategies. Our data also supported that the prognosis of Grade II and III glioma was better in patients with an IDH mutation than in those without mutation.
Chaotification of Discrete Dynamical Systems in Banach Spaces

This paper is concerned with chaotification of discrete dynamical systems in Banach spaces via feedback control techniques. A criterion of chaos in Banach spaces is first established. This criterion extends and improves the Marotto theorem. Discussions are carried out in general and some special Banach spaces. All the controlled systems are proved to be chaotic in the sense of both Devaney and Li–Yorke. As a consequence, a controlled system described in a finite-dimensional real space studied by Wang and Chen is shown chaotic not only in the sense of Li–Yorke but also in the sense of Devaney. The original system can be driven to be chaotic by using an arbitrarily small-amplitude state feedback control in a certain space. In addition, the Chen–Lai anti-control algorithm via feedback control with mod-operation in a finite-dimensional real space is extended to a certain infinite-dimensional Banach space, and the controlled system is shown chaotic in the sense of Devaney as well as in the sense of both Li–Yorke and Wiggins. Differing from many existing results, it is not here required that the map corresponding to the original system has a fixed point in some cases. An application of the theoretical results to a class of first-order partial difference equations is given with some numerical simulations.
A graph-based MAP solution for multi-person tracking using multi-camera systems

Accurate multi-person tracking under complex conditions is an important topic in computer vision with various application scenarios such as visual surveillance. Taking into account the difficulties caused by 2D occlusions, missing detections, and false positives, we propose a two-stage graph-based object tracking-by-detection approach using multiple calibrated cameras. Firstly, data association is formulated into a maximum a posteriori (MAP) problem. After transformation, we show that this single MAP problem is equivalent of finding min-cost paths in a two-stage directed acyclic graph. The first graph aims to extract an optimal set of tracklets based on the hypotheses on the ground plane by using both 2D appearance feature and 3D spatial distances. Subsequently, the tracklets are linked into complete tracks in the second graph utilizing spatial and temporal distances. This results in a global optimization over all the 2D detections obtained from multiple cameras. Finally, the experimental results on three difficult sequences of the PETS'09 dataset with comparison to the state-of-the-art methods show the precision and consistency of our approach.
Forced landing technologies for unmanned aerial vehicles : towards safer operations

While using unmanned systems in combat is not new, what will be new in the foreseeable future is how such systems are used and integrated in the civilian space. The potential use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in civil and commercial applications is becoming a fact, and is receiving considerable attention by industry and the research community. The majority of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles performing civilian tasks are restricted to flying only in segregated space, and not within the National Airspace. The areas that UAVs are restricted to flying in are typically not above populated areas, which in turn are the areas most useful for civilian applications. The reasoning behind the current restrictions is mainly due to the fact that current UAV technologies are not able to demonstrate an Equivalent Level of Safety to manned aircraft, particularly in the case of an engine failure which would require an emergency or forced landing. This chapter will preset and guide the reader through a number of developments that would facilitate the integration of UAVs into the National Airspace. Algorithms for UAV Sense-and-Avoid and Force Landings are recognized as two major enabling technologies that will allow the integration of UAVs in the civilian airspace. The following sections will describe some of the techniques that are currently being tested at the Australian Research Centre for Aerospace Automation (ARCAA), which places emphasis on the detection of candidate landing sites using computer vision, the planning of the descent path trajectory for the UAV, and the decision making process behind the selection of the final landing site.
Incivility between Students and Faculty in an Israeli College: A Description of the Phenomenon.

Incivility in the classroom is offensive, intimidating, or hostile behavior that interferes with students’ ability to learn and instructors’ ability to teach. The present study examined incivility in faculty-student relations and presents the findings of a survey conducted in an academic college in Israel. The study was designed to examine three specific objectives: (1) to expose and analyze the nature of behaviors that students and faculty view as incivility; (2) to identify contributory factors to uncivil interactions in the classroom as reported by students and faculty; and (3) to identify practical strategies suggested by students and faculty in order to avoid or diffuse such undesirable behaviors. We collected the data using the Incivility in Nursing Education (INE) questionnaire (Clark, 2008a, b). 46 faculty members and 268 students from various departments completed the questionnaire. We present the survey’s qualitative findings in accordance with the three main objectives examined. The findings indicate considerable similarity between faculty and students in identifying uncivil behaviors and both agree that the main cause (although not the only one) lies in the penetration of norms from the external culture. Means of preventing and minimizing incivility in academia are discussed.
The Drosophila phosphoinositide 3‐kinase Dp110 promotes cell growth.

Phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3Ks) have been identified in an evolutionarily diverse range of organisms, including mammals, Drosophila, yeast, plants and Dictyostelium. They are activated by a multitude of extracellular signals and implicated in mitogenesis, differentiation and cell survival, as well as in the control of the cytoskeleton and cell shape. Here we describe the molecular and functional analysis of Drosophila p110 (Dp110). A full‐length Dp110 cDNA was isolated and found to encode a protein homologous throughout its length to the class I mammalian PI3Ks p110alpha and p110beta. Overexpression of Dp110 in wing or eye imaginal discs resulted in flies with enlarged wings or eyes respectively. In contrast, overexpression of Dp110 containing a mutation predicted to result in the loss of catalytic activity resulted in smaller wings and eyes. The alterations in wing size result from changes in both cell size and cell number, whereas in the eye only differences in cell size were detected. These data imply a role for Dp110 in growth control during Drosophila development and have implications for the function of class I PI3Ks in other organisms.
Monetary Policy Rules in an Interdependent World

This Paper analyses the welfare effects of monetary policy rules in a quantitative business cycle model of a two-country world. The model features staggered price setting, and shocks to productivity and to the uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) condition. UIP shocks have a sizable negative effect on welfare, when trade links are strong. An exchange rate peg may raise world welfare, if the peg eliminates the UIP shocks. The model explains the empirical finding that more open economies are more likely to adopt a peg.
Geographic Variation in Venom Allelic Composition and Diets of the Widespread Predatory Marine Gastropod Conus ebraeus

Background Members of the predatory gastropod genus Conus use a venom comprised of a cocktail of peptide neurotoxins, termed conotoxins or conopeptides, to paralyze prey and conotoxin gene family members diversify via strong positive selection. Because Conus venoms are used primarily to subdue prey, the evolution of venoms is likely affected by predator-prey interactions. Methodology/Principal Findings To identify the selective forces that drive the differentiation of venoms within species of Conus, we examined the distribution of alleles of a polymorphic O-superfamily conotoxin locus of Conus ebraeus at Okinawa, Guam and Hawaii. Previous analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences suggest that populations of C. ebraeus, a worm-eating Conus, are not structured genetically in the western and central Pacific. Nonetheless, because the sample size from Guam was relatively low, we obtained additional data from this location and reexamined patterns of genetic variation at the mitochondrial gene at Okinawa, Guam and Hawaii. We also utilized a DNA-based approach to identify prey items of individuals of C. ebraeus from Guam and compared this information to published data on diets at Okinawa and Hawaii. Our results show that conotoxin allelic frequencies differ significantly among all three locations, with strongest differentiation at Hawaii. We also confirm previous inferences that C. ebraeus exhibits no genetic differentiation between Okinawa, Guam and Hawaii at the mitochondrial locus. Finally, DNA-based analyses show that eunicid polychaetes comprise the majority of the prey items of C. ebraeus at Guam; while this results compares well with observed diet of this species at Okinawa, C. ebraeus preys predominantly on nereid polychaetes at Hawaii. Conclusions/Significance These results imply that strong selection pressures affect conotoxin allelic frequencies. Based on the dietary information, the selection may derive from geographic variation in dietary specialization and local coevolutionary arms races between Conus and their prey.
A Novel False Congestion Detection Scheme for TCP over OBS Networks

This paper introduces a novel congestion control scheme for TCP over OBS networks, called Statistical Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (SAIMD), which aims to improve the throughput performance for high-bandwidth TCP flows in OBS networks. We show through analytic model and extensive simulations that the proposed scheme can effectively solve the false congestion detection problem and significantly outperform the conventional TCP counterparts without losing fairness.
Perceived Barriers to Career Self-Exploration for Adults with Learning Disabilities

Perceived Barriers to Career Self-Exploration for Adults with Learning Disabilities Alesha N. Harris Janet E. Helms, Dissertation Chair Research regarding the career exploration process for adults with reading disabilities and ADHD who participate in Adult Basic Education (ABE) programs is limited. Due to a lack of career development resources in ABE programs, adults with reading disabilities and ADHD do not always have the opportunity to engage in career exploration activities that might help them make satisfying career decisions. In career development theory, self-determination is the capacity to identify personal goals and is considered crucial to overcoming barriers and making meaningful career choices. In the present study, a model was proposed and tested that examined self-determination as a mediator of the hypothesized relationships between perceived career and educational barriers and career development outcomes. Adults with reading disabilities and ADHD from ABE programs (N = 83) completed a demographic questionnaire and screening measures intended to classify them according to type of disability (i.e., reading, ADHD, and combined reading and ADHD). They also completed measures of perceived educational and career barriers, components of self-determination, and career self-efficacy. Multivariate multiple regression analyses were used to investigate hypotheses derived from the proposed model. The results revealed that experiences of perceived educational barriers, but not career barriers, were related to low levels of career decisionmaking self-efficacy and self-determination; the competence component of self-
Adaptive Sparse Channel Estimation Methods for Time-Variant MIMO : Communication Systems (無線通信システム)

Channel estimation problem is one of key technical issues in time-variant multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. To estimate the MIMO channel, least mean square (LMS) algorithm was applied to adaptive channel estimation (ACE). Since the MIMO channel is often described by sparse channel model, such sparsity could be exploited and then estimation performance could be improved by adaptive sparse channel estimation (ASCE) methods using sparse LMS algorithms. However, conventional ASCE methods have two main drawbacks: 1) sensitive to random scale of training signal and 2) unstable in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. To overcome the two harmful factors, in this paper, we propose a novel ASCE method using normalized LMS (NLMS) algorithm (ASCE-NLMS). In addition, we also proposed an improved ASCE method using normalized least mean fourth (NLMF) algorithm (ASCE-NLMF). Two proposed methods can exploit the channel sparsity effectively. Also, stability of the proposed methods is confirmed by mathematical derivation. Computer simulation results show that the proposed sparse channel estimation methods can achieve better estimation performance than conventional methods. Keyword least mean square (LMS), least mean fourth (LMF), normalized LMF (NLMF), adaptive sparse channel estimation (ASCE), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO).
RATER GROUP BIAS IN THE SPEAKING ASSESSMENT OF FOUR L1 JAPANESE ESL STUDENTS

The purpose of this study, modeled after Kobayashi’s (1982) investigation of writing evaluations, is to determine whether the factors like language background and educational training affect raters’ assessments of four Japanese medical students in a controlled oral interview. Rater groups include ESL-trained L1 English and L1 Japanese speakers, a peer group, and native speakers with no ESL background and negligible contact with Japanese L1 speakers. The four interviewees are first rated according to seven categories: grammar, fluency, content, pronunciation, pragmatics, compensation techniques, and overall intelligibility, and are then ranked from “most able” to “least able”. Group means per category are calculated and a FACETS (Linacre, 1996) analysis is used to look at the interaction between rater groups and rating categories. The findings show variation, though not seemingly as a result of the factors being investigated. Some general conclusions about the rater groups are made from the bias analysis. The limitations of the study are presented, and suggestions for further research are provided.
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Open Access Ovarian Responses to Undernutrition in Pregnant Ewes, Usa

In most mammals oogonia proliferate by mitosis and begin meiotic development during fetal life. Previous studies indicated that there is a delay in the progression to the first stage of meiotic arrest in germ cells of female fetuses of undernourished ewes. We report that underfeeding (50% NRC requirement beginning on Day 28 of pregnancy) provokes an increase in oxidative base lesions within DNA of mid-gestational (Day 78) fetal oogonia; this condition was associated with up-regulation of the tumor suppressor/cell-cycle arrest modulator p53, antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2, and base-excision repair polymerase β. Fetal ovarian weights and germ cell concentrations were not altered by nutrient deprivation. Ovaries of ewes on control diets (100% NRC) contained more tertiary follicles than their restricted counterparts; however, peripheral venous estradiol-17β was not different between groups. There was no effect of treatment on p53 accumulation in maternal oocytes. Luteal structure-function was not perturbed by undernutrition. No fetal losses were attributed to the dietary restriction. It is proposed that DNA of interphase fetal oogonia is vulnerable to oxidative insults perpetrated by a nutritional stress to the dam, and that multiple/ integrated adaptive molecular response mechanisms of cell-cycle inhibition (providing the time required for base repairs) and survival hence sustain the genomic integrity and population stability of the germline.