Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Good mothering”: Maternal attitudes and mother‐infant interaction

Two groups of mother-infant pairs, with infants aged 1 to 5 months, were recruited by child health nurses. One group (n = 10) of infants had rational difficulties, whereas the other group (n = 22) did not. The research team was blind to group membership. The mothers were interviewed about background variables, their cognitive-emotional orientation during pregnancy and early motherhood, their self-confidence as mothers, their satisfaction with support from their husbands, and living conditions. Mother-infant interaction was observed in a diaper change and a face-to-face situation. Comparisons between the two groups showed no differences with regard to background variables, while significant differences were obtained with regard to interview and observation data. The problem group reported less satisfaction with and focus on maternal role, less self-confidence as mothers, and less satisfaction with husband support and living conditions than the no-problem group. With regard to observation data, the no-problem group mothers and infants both showed higher levels of what was a priori regarded as desirable interactional behavior. Correlations between interview and observation data, calculated within the no-problem group, showed the same kind of connection between mothers' cognitive emotional orientation and interactional behavior as was indicated by the group comparisons.
Preparing Accounting Students for Success in the Professional Environment: Enhancing Self-Efficacy Through a Work Integrated Learning Programme

This study provides empirical evidence of the effect of a simulated work integrated learning (WIL) program on students’ self‐efficacy within an accounting context. An Accounting WIL Program was designed as a two‐staged module using information seminars, networking sessions and in‐depth workshops that helped develop final year accounting students’ understanding of the accounting profession as well as some basic skills expected of a new recruit. Data from a questionnaire survey of 35 participant students indicates that the students perceived greater self‐efficacy upon completion of the WIL program, and that male students appeared to show greater self‐efficacy for selected items.
Clinical Management of HIV Drug Resistance

Combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection has resulted in profound reductions in viremia and is associated with marked improvements in morbidity and mortality. Therapy is not curative, however, and prolonged therapy is complicated by drug toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance. Management of clinical drug resistance requires in depth evaluation, and includes extensive history, physical examination and laboratory studies. Appropriate use of resistance testing provides valuable information useful in constructing regimens for treatment-experienced individuals with viremia during therapy. This review outlines the emergence of drug resistance in vivo, and describes clinical evaluation and therapeutic options of the individual with rebound viremia during therapy.
RuleScope: Inspecting Forwarding Faults for Software-Defined Networking

Software-defined networking (SDN) promises unprecedentedly flexible network management but it is susceptible to forwarding faults. Such faults originate from data-plane rules with missing faults and priority faults. Yet existing fault detection ignores priority faults, because they are not discovered on commercial switches until recently. In this paper, we present RuleScope, a more comprehensive solution for inspecting SDN forwarding. RuleScope offers a series of accurate and efficient algorithms for detecting and troubleshooting rule faults. They inspect forwarding behavior using customized probe packets to exercise data-plane rules. The detection algorithm exposes not only missing faults but also priority faults and the troubleshooting algorithm uncover actual forwarding states of data-plane flow tables. Both of them help track real-time forwarding status and benefit reliable network monitoring. Furthermore, toward fast inspection of dynamic networks, we propose incremental algorithms for rapidly evolving network policies to amortize detection and troubleshooting overhead without sacrificing accuracy. Experiments with our prototype on the Ryu SDN controller and Pica8 P-3297 switch show that the RuleScope achieves accurate fault detection on 320-entry flow tables with a cost of 1500+ probe packets within 16 s.
Is human cognition adaptive?

Abstract Can the output of human cognition be predicted from the assumption that it is an optimal response to the information-processing demands of the environment? A methodology called rational analysis is described for deriving predictions about cognitive phenomena using optimization assumptions. The predictions flow from the statistical structure of the environment and not the assumed structure of the mind. Bayesian inference is used, assuming that people start with a weak prior model of the world which they integrate with experience to develop stronger models of specific aspects of the world. Cognitive performance maximizes the difference between the expected gain and cost of mental effort. (1) Memory performance can be predicted on the assumption that retrieval seeks a maximal trade-off between the probability of finding the relevant memories and the effort required to do so; in (2) categorization performance there is a similar trade-off between accuracy in predicting object features and the cost of hypothesis formation; in (3) casual inference the trade-off is between accuracy in predicting future events and the cost of hypothesis formation; and in (4) problem solving it is between the probability of achieving goals and the cost of both external and mental problem-solving search. The implemention of these rational prescriptions in neurally plausible architecture is also discussed.
Can the feeling scale be used to regulate exercise intensity?

INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE It is important that individuals experience a positive affective response during exercise to encourage future behavior. Exercise intensity is a determinant of the affective response. Current research protocols have failed to find the intensity at which all individuals will experience this positive affective response. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether sedentary women could self-regulate their exercise intensity during exercise using the Hardy and Rejeski Feeling Scale (FS) to experience a specific positive affective state and to examine the specific intensities chosen and their consistency over exercise bouts. METHODS Seventeen sedentary women completed eight 30-min laboratory-based treadmill exercise sessions (two sessions were completed each week). In four consecutive sessions, participants exercised at an intensity they perceived corresponded to an FS value of 1 (fairly good) and the other four sessions at an intensity corresponding to an FS value of 3 (good). Measures of exercise intensity were recorded. RESULTS Participants exercised at a lower intensity to achieve an affective state of good (FS 3) compared with fairly good (FS 1). Both these intensities lay close to the individual's ventilatory threshold. The selected intensity was consistent across trials with intensity increasing across time to maintain the required affective state. CONCLUSIONS Sedentary women can regulate intensity using the FS to experience a pleasant affective state, and the intensities chosen are physiologically beneficial for health and fitness.
GETTING DRUNK AND HOOKING UP: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND CASUAL COUPLING IN A UNIVERSITY SAMPLE

Alcohol use and abuse on American college campuses has raised significant concerns among university officials, scholars, and social critics. One of the principal concerns is that heavy drinking is associated with risky sexual behavior and sexual victimization among college samples. The current study seeks to enhance our understanding regarding the relationship between alcohol intoxication and sex by investigating the ways in which college students use alcohol as a tool to facilitate, explain, and justify sexual encounters and casual coupling (e.g., kissing, “making out,” petting, touching). Guided by theoretical perspectives designed to explain the role of rhetoric in explaining and justifying deviant behavior, we analyze 469 qualitative “drinking stories” and 32 interviews collected at three university sites. Our findings suggest that college drinkers view alcohol as a disinhibiting force that elevates the potential for sexuality and that alcohol intoxication is also used as a resource to justify casual coupling events, before and after they occur. Finally, our respondents describe the informal strategies they have developed to negotiate the potential for risky sexual encounters in an environment where disinhibited actors draw from widely available cultural scripts to excuse and justify untoward behavior.
A STUDENT PERSPECTIVE ON GROWING OLD

An adapted version of Palmore's Facts on Aging Quiz (1977) was administered to university students between 1983 and 1985. Some gender differences in beliefs about aging were obtained. Overall, student participants' reactions were mixed. Some saw the elderly as part of society, intelligent, physically mobile, sexually active, and competent workers. Others viewed the elderly as unhappy with retirement, financially dependent on their children, and bored.
Optimization of data prefetch helper threads with path-expression based statistical modeling

This paper investigates helper threads that improve performance by prefetching data on behalf of an application's main thread. The focus is data prefetch helper threads that lack branch instructions and which generate prefetches for one dynamic instance of a delinquent load instruction per spawned helper thread. This form of helper thread, some-times called a simple p-thread, has been studied previously by Roth et al. [29, 26] who proposed a framework for optimizing their impact. A key step in that framework is predicting the performance impact of a helper thread. In this paper we propose and evaluate a novel performance prediction technique that achieves comparable results yet requires less detailed information about dynamic program behavior. This technique extends a path expression based statistical modeling framework [2] by incorporating information about branch correlation (which we show is important) and by considering data flow information in a statistical manner. Significantly, the profile information we use is similar to that provided within current optimizing compilers. This paper also provides the first comprehensive assessment of the sources of modeling error relevant to predicting the performance impact of simple p-threads.
Can training promote employee organizational commitment? The effect of employability and expectation value

Purpose - – This paper aims to provide theoretical analysis and empirical study on the relationship between training and organizational commitment; analyze the mediating role of employability and the moderating role of expectation value in their relationship; and draw from both of these to suggest practical implications to organizations aiming to effectively train and retain employees, and for employees themselves. Design/methodology/approach - – First, the paper reviews the literature regarding training, employability, organizational commitment and expectation value. Second, it develops a theoretical model linking training, employability, organizational commitment and expectation value, and proposes a series of research hypotheses. Third, drawing on samples of 405 Chinese employees, it tests hypotheses based on a series of measurement and statistical analyses. Last, it discusses the analysis results and puts forward related suggestions for management practice. Findings - – The paper tests and verifies the applicability of Western training and employability scales in China from a self-perception perspective. Training is positively related to organizational commitment and employability. Further, employability partly mediates the relationship between training and organizational commitment, and expectation value moderates the relationship between employability and organizational commitment. Research limitations/implications - – First, the cross-sectional design prevents the making of causal statements. Future research should adopt an experimental (quasi experimental) research method or longitudinal research to study the casual relationship between variables. Second, data are from employees’ self-report, giving rise to concern about possible common source bias. Future research should allow supervisors to rate employees’ employability or provide evaluation of employees’ expectation value to collect multi-source data. Originality/value - – The paper first introduces Western scales of training and employability into a Chinese context, and then tests and verifies the two scales' applicability in China. To explain the action mechanism of training to the employee – organizational commitment in a boundaryless career, the paper constructs a moderate mediation model to test the direct effect of training on organizational commitment, the mediating effect of employability and the moderating effect of expectation value. This study complements past research by investigating both the mediating and moderating mechanisms in training organizational commitment.
The effect of traditional stir-frying process on hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacities of pine nut kernels

Abstract The effect of traditional stir-frying process at different heating temperatures (50–150 °C) and time periods (5–20 min) on hydrophilic part (total and individual phenolics), lipophilic part (tocopherol and phytosterol compounds) and their corresponding antioxidant capacities in pine nut kernels were investigated. The concentrations of total phenolics, phenolic acids, tocopherols and phytosterols in raw pine nut kernels were 15.76 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g dry weight (mg GAE/100 g DW), 12.15 mg/100 g DW, 28.67 mg/100 g DW and 198.81 mg/100 g DW, respectively. Stir-frying at low temperatures over short time periods led to an increase of phenolics, phytosterols and hydrophiliic antioxidant capacities. However, these values decreased under the longer heating time and the higher temperature. Tocopherols and lipophilic antioxidant capacities did not show clear changes at lower heating temperatures or shorter heating times, while they had an apparent decreasing trend at higher heating temperatures or longer heating times. Gallic acid might be the main component, which is responsible for the hydrophilic antioxidant capacity (R2 = 0.84, 0.81 and 0.81 using DPPH, FRAP and H-ORAC assays), and tocopherols might be the main antioxidant components in the lipophilic part (R2 = 0.87 and 0.89 using DPPH and L-ORAC assays).
An Efficient Hierarchical Approach for Background Subtraction and Shadow Removal using Adaptive GMM and Color Discrimination

paper presents an efficient approach for moving objects detection and shadow removal from color videos obtained using stationary camera. A background subtraction technique based on modified adaptive GMM has been proposed for detecting moving objects. Speed-up techniques have also been applied to enhance the computational efficiency of the algorithm. Then, a robust algorithm for shadow removal is used to remove cast shadows and ghosts. Foreground is reconstructed using graph cut based cleaning and non-recursive blob finding. Comparative experimental results demonstrate that proposed approach performs better in comparison to other state-of-the-art algorithms.
What the Need for Closure Scale Measures and What It Does Not: Toward Differentiating Among Related Epistemic Motives

The Need for Closure Scale (NFCS; D. M. Webster & A. W. Kruglanski, 1994) was introduced to assess the extent to which a person, faced with a decision o r judgment, desires any answer, as compared with confusion and ambiguity. The NFCS was presented as being unidimensional and as having adequate discriminant validity. Our data contradict these conceptual and psychometric claims. As a unidimensional scale, the NFCS is redundant with the Personal Need for Structure Scale (PNS; M. M. Thompson, M. E. Naccarato, & K. E. Parker, 1989). When the NFCS is used more appropriately as a multidimensional instrument, 3 of its facets are redundant with the PNS Scale, and a 4th is redundant with the Personal Fear of Invalidity Scale (M. M. Thompson et al., 1989). It is suggested that the NFCS masks important distinctions between 2 independent epistemic motives: the preference for quick, decisive answers (nonspecific closure) and the need to create and maintain simple structures (one form o f specific closure).
Ecstasy and Drug Consumption Patterns: A Canadian Rave Population Study

Objective: This study investigates the drug consumption patterns of a sample of rave attendees in the city of Montreal, Quebec, and seeks to identify the prevalence of 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other drug use in this population. Method: We administered a self-report questionnaire to 210 respondents. For various licit and illicit substances, participants reported their age of first use, number of lifetime uses, and usage in the previous 30 days. Results: We found a significant rank order for the sequence of first use: 1) alcohol, 2) nicotine, 3) cannabis, 4) LSD, 5) psilocybin, 6) amphetamine, 7) cocaine, 8) MDMA, 9) gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), 10) ephedrine, 11) ketamine. Alcohol and cannabis were the most commonly used substances, both in cumulative number of lifetime uses and in usage in the preceding 30 days. MDMA and amphetamine were also notable as the next 2 most popular drugs for use in the preceding 30 days and in terms of those who had tried the drugs at least once. We identified a progressive rank order of experimentation, with early alcohol or cannabis use (or both) associated with the early use of all other drugs tried by more than 25% of the sample. We found MDMA and amphetamine use to be prevalent, as was general experimentation with all drugs studied, other than heroin. Conclusion: Drug consumption levels were substantial in this “rave” population, particularly with respect to recent use of MDMA, amphetamine, cannabis, and alcohol. Results also indicate that the sequence of drug experimentation in this population follows an identifiable pattern.
Sodium Movements in the Human Red Blood Cell

Measurements were made of the sodium outflux rate constant, o k Na, and sodium influx rate constant, i k Na, at varying concentrations of extracellular (Nao) and intracellular (Nac) sodium. o k Na increases with increasing [Nao] in the presence of extracellular potassium (Ko) and in solutions containing ouabain. In K-free solutions which do not contain ouabain, o k Na falls as [Nao] rises from 0 to 6 mM; above 6 mM, o k Na increases with increasing [Nao]. Part of the Na outflux which occurs in solutions free of Na and K disappears when the cells are starved or when the measurements are made in solutions containing ouabain. As [Nao] increases from 0 to 6 mM, i k Na decreases, suggesting that sites involved in the sodium influx are becoming saturated. As [Nac] increases, o k Na at first increases and then decreases; this relation between o k Na and [Nac] is found when the measurements are made in high Na, high K solutions; high Na, K-free solutions; and in (Na + K)-free solutions. The relation may be the consequence of the requirement that more than one Na ion must react with the transport mechanism at the inner surface of the membrane before transport occurs. Further evidence has been obtained that the ouabain-inhibited Na outflux and Na influx in K-free solutions represent an exchange of Nac for Nao via the Na-K pump mechanism.
The effects of stimulus rate and electrode montage on the auditory brainstem response in infants

Abstract Purpose This study investigates the effects of different stimulus repetition rates and multiple electrode recording montages (ipsilateral, contralateral, horizontal, and vertical) on the auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave V amplitude and latency in infants. Methodology Eleven healthy infants with the mean age of 4.36 ± 1.95 months were involved in this repeated-measure design study. Prior to the actual data collection, several preliminary audiological assessments (otoscopic examination, tympanometry, otoacoustic emission and ABR screening at 35 dB normalized hearing level (dBnHL)) were conducted to ensure that all participants had normal auditory functions. Once qualified, the participants were tested with the ABR using 100-microsecond clicks recorded under the four electrode montages at two stimulus repetition rates (19.1 and 61.1 Hz) and at an intensity level of 35 dBnHL. Results The ABR was shown as present in all participants in all four electrode montages and both stimulus repetition rates. The largest wave V amplitude was recorded in the vertical montage for both stimulus repetition rates. No significant changes (P > 0.05) were noted in the wave V amplitudes in all electrode montages when the stimulus repetition rate was changed from 19.1 to 61.1 Hz. Conclusion This study confirmed that combining the vertical montage with high stimulus repetition rates of 61.1 Hz at 35 dBnHL has the potential for detecting auditory dysfunction in infants, because of the larger and more stable wave V amplitude.
Developing a framework for communication management competencies

Using a hierarchical needs assessment model developed by Hunt we identified the essential competencies of communication management practitioners for the purpose of curriculum development and selection. We found that the underlying values of the profession were embodied in two superordinate goals. Six major competencies were identified, which were defined by further sub‐competencies. In addition, four main personal attributes were rated as important to professional performance. While we found high levels of agreement between practitioners and academics, there was a difference in opinion about the importance of the competency external interface management and this has implications for changing the focus of tertiary curricula.
Arcobacter Population Dynamics in Pigs on Farrow-to-Finish Farms

ABSTRACT Healthy pigs are an important reservoir for the emerging human pathogen Arcobacter which can result in contamination of porcine carcasses and pork and the spread of arcobacters into the environment. Up to now, the excretion of arcobacters by pigs has been studied, but information about the transmission routes in fattening pigs is lacking. The present study aimed to elucidate the Arcobacter population dynamics in pigs during the fattening period on four farrow-to-finish farms. On each farm, 30 clinically healthy, 12-week-old piglets were selected. Fecal samples were collected on 10 sampling occasions until a slaughter age of 30 weeks was reached. Arcobacter spp. were isolated by a selective method and identified by multiplex PCR. The genetic diversity was examined by amplified fragment length polymorphism and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR. The Arcobacter presence in the fecal samples on the four farms ranged from 11.3 to 50.0%, with excretion levels of up to 104 CFU/g feces. The ratio in which Arcobacter species were isolated varied between the farms and over time. Characterization revealed a high degree of genotypic diversity among the isolates. Arcobacter strains persisted and spread within the finishing unit during the fattening period. The occurrence of both unique and shared genotypes in pigs in adjacent and nonadjacent pens demonstrates that transmission routes other than fecal-oral transmission occur.