Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
User behaviour and interactions for multimodal authentication

This paper discusses user behaviour and interactions for multimodal authentication system. Multimodal means, multiple authentication methods are provided for user to access a web application. The supported methods are password, digital certificate, and one-time password (OTP). Users are able to select any methods based on user's preference; personalizing authentication. Nevertheless, the availability of the methods is adaptive. The system computes the nature of the authentication request with security level of authentication methods, trust level of applications, and traits of user location and behaviour as its determinant factors. User behaviour and interactions are interpreted based on data retrieval from system log, database and user help desk support. The data is generated by real users and live authentication system. The motivation of analysing user behaviour and interactions are; it gives an insight profile and risk for each of the authentication method and it minimizes the imbalance of usability and security in upcoming design and development. The results of data analysis are password is the dominant method and combination of password and OTP SMS is ideal for two factors authentication.
Show me the Incentives: a Dynamic Structural Model of Employee Blogging Behavior

Many firms believe that enterprise blogging forums can be used to help build the structured platform required for an environment that supports emergent innovation. While some employees tend to be 'consumers' of content created by others, some others contribute by acting as 'creators'. In this paper, we build and estimate a dynamic structural model towards understanding the mechanisms that incentivize users to contribute to blog forums that are consumed by employees across the organization. We find strong evidence of competitive dynamics in our enterprise wide data setting. Our results demonstrate why employees contribute to blog forums. We find that employees derive higher utility from readership of their work related posts than their leisurerelated posts. Employees compete with their peers to attract more readerships for their posts. Further, results indicate positive spillover effect from readership of leisure posts to work posts of a employee. We also find that knowledge-based benefits are higher for work related knowledge than leisure related knowledge. Our results suggest that enterprises would benefit more from feedback systems that provide a picture of how knowledge workers in the organization are interacting with the tools are made available to them. We discuss implications for implementing feedback systems that quantify the reputation of the content creator and incentivize employees to engage in this practice.
Soft tissue volume augmentation by the use of collagen-based matrices in the dog mandible -- a histological analysis.

OBJECTIVES The aim was to test, whether or not soft tissue volume augmentation with a specifically designed collagen matrix (CM), leads to ridge width gain in chronic ridge defects similar to those obtained by an autogenous subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG). MATERIAL AND METHODS In six dogs, soft tissue volume augmentation was performed by randomly allocating three treatment modalities to chronic ridge defects [CM, SCTG and sham-operated control (Control)]. Dogs were sacrificed at 28 (n = 3) and 84 days (n = 3). Descriptive histology and histomorphometric measurements were performed on non-decalcified sections. RESULTS SCTG and CM demonstrated favourable tissue integration, and subsequent re-modelling over 84 days. The overall mean amount of newly formed soft tissue (NMT) plus bone (NB) amounted to 3.8 ± 1.2 mm (Control), 6.4 ± 0.9 mm (CM) and 7.2 ± 1.2 mm (SCTG) at 28 days. At 84 days, the mean NMT plus NB reached 2.4 ± 0.9 mm (Control), 5.6 ± 1.5 mm (CM) and 6.0 ± 2.1 mm (SCTG). Statistically significant differences were observed between CM/SCTG and Control at both time-points (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Within the limits of this animal model, the CM performed similar to the SCTG, based on histomorphometric outcomes combining NB and NMT.
Characterization and Regularity for Axisymmetric Solenoidal Vector Fields with Application to Navier-Stokes Equation

We consider the vorticity-stream formulation of axisymmetric incompressible flows and its equivalence with the primitive formulation. It is shown that, to characterize the regularity of a divergence free axisymmetric vector field in terms of the swirling components, an extra set of pole conditions is necessary to give a full description of the regularity. In addition, smooth solutions up to the axis of rotation give rise to smooth solutions of primitive formulation in the case of the Navier–Stokes equation, but not the Euler equation. We also establish a proper weak formulation and show its equivalence to Leray's formulation.
Monosomal and complex karyotypes as prognostic parameters in patients with International Prognostic Scoring System higher risk myelodysplastic syndrome treated with azacitidine

Background Azacitidine (AZA) is standard care for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who have not had allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Chromosomal abnormalities (CA) including complex karyotype (CK) or monosomal karyotype (MK) are associated with clinical outcome in patients with MDS. Methods We investigated which prognostic factors including CAs would predict clinical outcomes in patients with International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) higher risk MDS treated with AZA, retrospectively. CK was defined as the presence of three or more numerical or structural CAs. MK was defined as the presence of two or more distinct autosomal monosomies or single autosomal monosomy with at least one additional structural CA. Results A total of 243 patients who treated with AZA, were enrolled. CK was present in 124 patients and MK was present in 90 patients. Bone marrow blasts ≥15% and CK were associated with poorer response (P=0.038, P=0.007) and overall survival (OS) (P<0.001, P<0.001) independently. Although MK in CK group was not associated with prognosis, non-MK status in non-CK group reflected favorable OS (P=0.005). The group including >3 CAs was associated with poorer OS (group including <3 CAs vs. only three CAs, P=0.001; group with >3 CAs vs. only three CAs, P=0.001). Conclusion CK was an important prognostic parameter associated with worse outcome. MK may predict poor survival in only non-CK status. The higher number of CAs was associated with poorer survival.
TRM1, a YY1-like suppressor of rbcS-m3 expression in maize mesophyll cells

The genes rbcS and rbcL encode, respectively, the small and large subunits of the photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. There is a single rbcL gene in each chloroplast chromosome; a family of rbcS genes is located in the nuclear genome. These two genes are not expressed in mesophyll cells but are in adjacent bundle-sheath cells of leaves of the C4 plant Zea mays. Two regions of the maize gene rbcS-m3 are required for suppressing expression in mesophyll cells. One region is just beyond the translation termination site in the 3′ region, and the other is several hundred base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. A binding site for a protein with limited homology to the viral, yeast, and mammalian transcription repressor-activator YY1 (Yin-Yang I), has now been identified in the 3′ region. A maize gene for a protein with zinc fingers homologous to those of YY1 has been isolated, characterized, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene is designated trm1 (transcription repressor-maize 1). The protein TRM1 binds to the YY1-like site and, in addition, TRM1 binds to two sequence regions in the 5′ region of the gene that have no homology to the YY1 site. Mutagenesis or deletion of any of these three sequences eliminates repression of rbcS-m3 reporter genes in mesophyll cells.
Complex phenotype–environment associations revealed in an East African cyprinid

Environmental factors influence phenotypes directly, as well as indirectly via trait correlations and interactions with other environmental variables. Using nine populations of the African cyprinid Barbus neumayeri, we employed path analysis to examine direct, indirect and total effects of two environmental variables, water flow (WF) and dissolved oxygen (DO), on several morphological traits. WF and DO directly influenced relative gill size, body shape and caudal fin shape in manners consistent with a priori predictions. Indirect effects also played an important role in the system: (1) strong, oppositely signed direct and indirect effects of WF on body shape resulted in a nonsignificant total effect; (2) DO had no direct effect on body shape, but a strong total effect via indirect effects on gill size; (3) WF indirectly influenced gill size via effects on DO. Only through examination of multiple environmental parameters and multiple traits can we hope to understand complex relationships between environment and phenotype.
Protective Effect of Tribulus terrestris Hydroalcoholic Extract against Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity on Sperm Parameters in Male Mice

El cisplatino es un medicamento contra el cancer utilizado en la quimioterapia. Uno de los efectos secundarios limitantes de cisplatino es la decreciente funcion glandular genital, azoospermia y oligospermia. Tribulus terrestris ha sido utilizado como un afrodisiaco. En el presente estudio se investiga el efecto protector del extracto hidroalcoholico de Tribulus terrestris (TT) contra la citotoxicidad inducida por cisplatino en los parametros espermaticos en ratones. Ratones adultos machos (n = 30) fueron divididos en 4 grupos control y experimentales (n = 6). En el grupo control se administro solucion salina, el primer grupo experimental recibio cisplatino (5,5 mg/kg) mientras que otros tres grupos experimentales recibieron cisplatino (5.5 mg/kg) ademas de diferentes dosis de extracto hidroalcoholico de TT (100, 300 y 500 mg/kg/IP) respectivamente. El dia siguiente de la ultima inyeccion, se analizaron muestras de sangre para expresion de oxido nitrito (ON). Ademas, fueron evaluados el peso del cuerpo y testiculos, los parametros espermaticos y el diametro de los tubulos seminiferos. Los datos fueron analizados mediante analisis ANOVA y la prueba de Tukey. El uso de cisplatino causo reduccion del peso corporal y testicular, parametros espermaticos y aumento significativo de los valores de ON en comparacion con el grupo control (P<0,05), mientras que los grupos tratados con TT, fue significativamente mayor el peso corporal y testicular, parametros espermaticos y diametro de los tubulos seminiferos en comparacion al grupo tratado con cisplatino (P<0,05). No se observaron diferencias significativas en los valores ON. El extracto de TT puede tener un efecto protector frente a la citotoxicidad inducida por el cisplatino sobre los parametros espermaticos, al estar relacionado a la presencia de componentes antioxidantes que actuan mediante mecanismos centrales y perifericos.
Do English patients want continuity of care, and do they receive it?

BACKGROUND Interpersonal continuity of care is valued by patients, but there is concern that it has declined in recent years. AIM To determine how often patients express preference for seeing a particular GP and the extent to which that preference is met. DESIGN OF STUDY Analysis of data from the 2009/2010 English GP Patient Survey. SETTING A stratified random sample of adult patients registered with 8362 general practices in England (response rate 39%, yielding 2,169,718 responses). METHOD Weighted estimates were calculated of preference for and success in seeing a particular GP. Multilevel logistic regression was used to identify characteristics associated with these two outcomes. RESULTS Excluding practices with one GP, 62% of patients expressed a preference for seeing a particular GP. Of these patients, 72% were successful in seeing their preferred GP most of the time. Certain patient groups were associated with more preference for and success in seeing a particular GP. These were older patients (preference odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, success OR = 1.8), those with chronic medical conditions (preference OR = 1.9, success OR = 1.3), those with chronic psychological conditions (preference OR = 1.6, success OR = 1.3), and those recently requesting only non-urgent versus urgent appointments (preference OR = 1.4, success OR = 1.6). Patient groups that had more frequent preference but less success in seeing a preferred GP were females (preference OR = 1.5, success OR = 0.9), patients in larger practices (preference OR = 1.3, success OR = 0.5), and those belonging to non-white ethnic groups. CONCLUSION The majority of patients value interpersonal continuity, yet a large minority of patients and specific patient groups are not regularly able to see the GP they prefer.
The feasibility of text reminders to improve medication adherence in adolescents with asthma

OBJECTIVE Personal health applications have the potential to help patients with chronic disease by improving medication adherence, self-efficacy, and quality of life. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of MyMediHealth (MMH) - a website and a short messaging service (SMS)-based reminder system - on medication adherence and perceived self-efficacy in adolescents with asthma. METHODS We conducted a block-randomized controlled study in academic pediatric outpatient settings. There were 98 adolescents enrolled. Subjects who were randomized to use MMH were asked to create a medication schedule and receive SMS reminders at designated medication administration times for 3 weeks. Control subjects received action lists as a part of their usual care. Primary outcome measures included MMH usage patterns and self-reports of system usability, medication adherence, asthma control, self-efficacy, and quality of life. RESULTS Eighty-nine subjects completed the study, of whom 46 were randomized to the intervention arm. Compared to controls, we found improvements in self-reported medication adherence (P = .011), quality of life (P = .037), and self-efficacy (P = .016). Subjects reported high satisfaction with MMH; however, the level of system usage varied widely, with lower use among African American patients. CONCLUSIONS MMH was associated with improved medication adherence, perceived quality of life, and self-efficacy.Trial Registration This project was registered under http://clinicaltrials.gov/ identifier NCT01730235.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 Promotes Neovascularization and Angiogenic Gene Expression

Objective—Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels through endothelial cell sprouting. This process requires the mitogen-activated protein kinases, signaling molecules that are negatively regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of MKP-1 in neovascularization in vivo and identify associated mechanisms in endothelial cells. Approach and Results—We used murine hindlimb ischemia as a model system to evaluate the role of MKP-1 in angiogenic growth, remodeling, and arteriogenesis in vivo. Genomic deletion of MKP-1 blunted angiogenesis in the distal hindlimb and microvascular arteriogenesis in the proximal hindlimb. In vitro, endothelial MKP-1 depletion/deletion abrogated vascular endothelial growth factor–induced migration and tube formation, and reduced proliferation. These observations establish MKP-1 as a positive mediator of angiogenesis and contrast with the canonical function of MKP-1 as a mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase, implying an alternative mechanism for MKP-1–mediated angiogenesis. Cloning and sequencing of MKP-1–bound chromatin identified localization of MKP-1 to exonic DNA of the angiogenic chemokine fractalkine, and MKP-1 depletion reduced histone H3 serine 10 dephosphorylation on this DNA locus and blocked fractalkine expression. In vivo, MKP-1 deletion abrogated ischemia-induced fractalkine expression and macrophage and T-lymphocyte infiltration in distal hindlimbs, whereas fractalkine delivery to ischemic hindlimbs rescued the effect of MKP-1 deletion on neovascular hindlimb recovery. Conclusions—MKP-1 promoted angiogenic and arteriogenic neovascular growth, potentially through dephosphorylation of histone H3 serine 10 on coding-region DNA to control transcription of angiogenic genes, such as fractalkine. These observations reveal a novel function for MKP-1 and identify MKP-1 as a potential therapeutic target.
Gastroesophageal Reflux and Body Movement in Infants: Investigations with Combined Impedance-pH and Synchronized Video Recording

The aim of this paper was to investigate the temporal association of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and body movement in infants. GER were registered by combined impedance-pH, documentation of body movement was done by video. Videorecording time (Vt) was divided into “resting time” and “movement time” and analyzed for occurrence of GER. Association was defined as movement 1 minute before/after the beginning of a GER. Statistical evaluation was by Fisher's exact test. In 15 infants, 341 GER were documented during Vt (86 hours). 336 GER (99%) were associated with movement, only 5 episodes (1%) occured during resting time. Movement was significantly associated with the occurrence of GER (P < .0001). There is a strong temporal association between GER and body movement in infants. However, a clear distinction between cause and effect could not be made with the chosen study design. Combined impedance-pH has proven to be the ideal technique for this approach.
Explaining the Escalation of Drug Use in Substance Dependence: Models and Appropriate Animal Laboratory Tests

Escalation of drug use, a hallmark of drug dependence, has traditionally been interpreted as reflecting the development of tolerance to the drug’s effects. However, on the basis of animal behavioral data, several groups have recently proposed alternative explanations, i.e. that such an escalation of drug use might not be based on (1) tolerance, but rather be indicative of (2) sensitization to the drug’s reinforcing effect, (3) reward allostasis, (4) an increase in the incentive salience of drug-associated stimuli, (5) an increase in the reinforcing strength of the drug reinforcer relative to alternative reinforcers, or (6) habit formation. From the pharmacological perspective, models 1–3 allow predictions about the change in the shape of drug dose-effect curves that are based on mathematically defined models governing receptor-ligand interaction and signal transduction. These predictions are tested in the present review, which also describes the other currently championed models for drug use escalation and other components of apparent ‘reinforcement’ (in its original meaning, like ‘tolerance’ or ‘sensitization’, a purely descriptive term). It evaluates the animal experimental approaches employed to support or prove the existence of each of the models and reinforcement components, and recapitulates the clinical evidence, which strongly suggests that escalation of drug use is predominantly based on an increase in the frequency of intoxication events rather than an increase in the dose taken at each intoxication event. Two apparent discrepancies in animal experiments are that (a) sensitization to overall reinforcement has been found more often for psychostimulants than for opioids, and that (b) tolerance to the reinforcing and other effects has been observed more often for opioids than for cocaine. These discrepancies are resolved by the finding that cocaine levels seem to be more tightly regulated at submaximum reinforcing levels than opioid levels are. Consequently, animals self-administering opioids are more likely to expose themselves to higher above-threshold doses than animals self-administering psychostimulants, rendering the development of tolerance to opioids more likely than tolerance to psychostimulants. The review concludes by making suggestions on how to improve the current behavioral experimental approaches.
Dominant negative rat DNA polymerase beta mutants interfere with base excision repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

DNA polymerase beta is one of the smallest known eukaryotic DNA polymerases. This polymerase has been very well characterized in vitro, but its functional role in vivo has yet to be determined. Using a novel competition assay in Escherichia coli, we isolated two DNA polymerase beta dominant negative mutants. When we overexpressed the dominant negative mutant proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the cells became sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate. Interestingly, overexpression of the same polymerase beta mutant proteins did not confer sensitivity to UV damage, strongly suggesting that the mutant proteins interfere with the process of base excision repair but not nucleotide excision repair in S. cerevisiae. Our data implicate a role for polymerase IV, the S. cerevisiae polymerase beta homolog, in base excision repair in S. cerevisiae.
Local rigidity for Anosov automorphisms

We consider an irreducible Anosov automorphism L of a torus T^d such that no three eigenvalues have the same modulus. We show that L is locally rigid, that is, L is C^1 conjugate to any C^1-small perturbation f with the same periodic data. We also prove that toral automorphisms satisfying these assumptions are generic in SL(d,Z). Examples constructed in the Appendix by Rafael de la Llave show importance of the assumption on the eigenvalues.
Distance and Private Information in Lending

We study the effects of physical distance on the acquisition and use of private information in informationally opaque credit markets. Using a unique data set of all loan applications by small firms to a large bank, we show that borrower proximity facilitates the collection of soft information, leading to a trade-off in the availability and pricing of credit, which is more readily accessible to nearby firms albeit at higher interest rates ceteris paribus. Analyzing loan rates and firms' decision to switch lenders provides further evidence for banks' strategic use of private information. However, distance erodes our lender's ability to collect proprietary intelligence and to carve out local captive markets, suggesting that the requisite soft information is primarily local. The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org. , Oxford University Press.
Bayesian Nonparametric Dictionary Learning for Compressed Sensing MRI

We develop a Bayesian nonparametric model for reconstructing magnetic resonance images (MRIs) from highly undersampled \(k \) -space data. We perform dictionary learning as part of the image reconstruction process. To this end, we use the beta process as a nonparametric dictionary learning prior for representing an image patch as a sparse combination of dictionary elements. The size of the dictionary and patch-specific sparsity pattern are inferred from the data, in addition to other dictionary learning variables. Dictionary learning is performed directly on the compressed image, and so is tailored to the MRI being considered. In addition, we investigate a total variation penalty term in combination with the dictionary learning model, and show how the denoising property of dictionary learning removes dependence on regularization parameters in the noisy setting. We derive a stochastic optimization algorithm based on Markov chain Monte Carlo for the Bayesian model, and use the alternating direction method of multipliers for efficiently performing total variation minimization. We present empirical results on several MRI, which show that the proposed regularization framework can improve reconstruction accuracy over other methods.