Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Coronary Artery Disease

Lipid status and apolipoprotein E phenotypes were tested in 1000 patients who underwent coronary angiography. The same number of factory employees was chosen as a control group. We distinguished between six different apolipoprotein E phenotypes and determined their frequencies in all groups. For the three homozygous phenotypes E3/3, E4/4, and E2/2, the percentage distribution in the group of factory employees was 62.7%, 2.3%, and 0.8%, respectively; for the three heterozygous phenotypes E4/3, E3/2, and E4/2, we determined frequencies of 20.3%, 11.0%, and 3.0%, respectively. In the group of patients with and without signs of coronary atherosclerosis, we observed almost the same frequencies except that heterozygotes (E3/2) occurred significantly more frequently in the group of coronary angiography patients unaffected by coronary sclerosis. Cholesterol and triglyceride values were significantly elevated in patients with coronary artery disease, whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were not significantly different. The data further suggest that apolipoprotein E2/2 homozygosity, despite the presence of B-very low density lipoproteins in the plasma of these patients, cannot be considered a biochemical indicator of an increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis. On the other hand, apolipoprotein E3/2 heterozygosity may have a protective effect on the development of early atherosclerosis.
Effects of exercise training on adipogenesis of stromal-vascular fraction cells in rat epididymal white adipose tissue.

AIM Previous studies have shown that exercise training reduced white adipose tissue (WAT) mass compared to that in sedentary controls, and that the smaller mass contained fewer adipocytes. However, the effect of exercise training on adipogenesis is not completely clear. Therefore, we re-examined the effect of exercise training on adipocyte numbers in WAT and, if such an effect was found tested the adipogenic responses of stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) cells containing adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC) in epididymal WAT from exercise-trained (TR) rats. METHODS Wistar male rats were divided into two groups: control (C) and TR. The TR rats were subjected to exercise on a treadmill for 9 weeks. SVF cells containing ADSC were separated from epididymal WAT by centrifugation. Expression of adipocyte differentiation-related genes and adipogenesis of SVF cells were examined. RESULTS In SVF cells of TR rats, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and that of PPARγ target lipogenic genes was dramatically downregulated, whereas that of preadipocyte factor-1 gene was significantly upregulated. Lipid accumulation in SVF cells of TR rats after the induction of adipocyte differentiation was significantly suppressed in comparison with that of C rats. Moreover, increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein was observed in SVF cells of TR rats. Pre-treatment of YC-1, a potent HIF-1α inhibitor, in SVF cells of TR rats restored adipogenesis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that exercise training suppresses the ability of SVF cells to differentiate into adipocytes, and that underlying mechanisms involve the upregulation of HIF-1α expression.
Visualization of Whole-Night Sleep EEG From 2-Channel Mobile Recording Device Reveals Distinct Deep Sleep Stages with Differential Electrodermal Activity

Brain activity during sleep is a powerful marker of overall health, but sleep lab testing is prohibitively expensive and only indicated for major sleep disorders. This report demonstrates that mobile 2-channel in-home electroencephalogram (EEG) recording devices provided sufficient information to detect and visualize sleep EEG. Displaying whole-night sleep EEG in a spectral display allowed for quick assessment of general sleep stability, cycle lengths, stage lengths, dominant frequencies and other indices of sleep quality. By visualizing spectral data down to 0.1 Hz, a differentiation emerged between slow-wave sleep with dominant frequency between 0.1–1 Hz or 1–3 Hz, but rarely both. Thus, we present here the new designations, Hi and Lo Deep sleep, according to the frequency range with dominant power. Simultaneously recorded electrodermal activity (EDA) was primarily associated with Lo Deep and very rarely with Hi Deep or any other stage. Therefore, Hi and Lo Deep sleep appear to be physiologically distinct states that may serve unique functions during sleep. We developed an algorithm to classify five stages (Awake, Light, Hi Deep, Lo Deep and rapid eye movement (REM)) using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM), model fitting with the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, and estimation of the most likely sleep state sequence by the Viterbi algorithm. The resulting automatically generated sleep hypnogram can help clinicians interpret the spectral display and help researchers computationally quantify sleep stages across participants. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of in-home sleep EEG collection, a rapid and informative sleep report format, and novel deep sleep designations accounting for spectral and physiological differences.
Skiing efficiency versus performance in double-poling ergometry

This study is on how leg utilisation may affect skiing efficiency and performance in double-poling ergometry. Three experiments were conducted, each with a different style of the double-poling technique: traditional with small knee range-of-motion and fixed heels (TRAD); modern with large knee range-of-motion and fixed heels (MOD1) and modern with large knee range-of-motion and free heels (MOD2). For each style, motion data were extracted with automatic marker recognition of reflective markers and applied to a 3D full-body musculoskeletal simulation model. Skiing efficiency (skiing work divided by metabolic muscle work) and performance (forward impulse) were computed from the simulation output. Skiing efficiency was 4.5%, 4.1% and 4.1% for TRAD, MOD1 and MOD2, respectively. Performance was 111, 143 and 149 Ns for TRAD, MOD1 and MOD2, respectively. Thus, higher lower body utilisation increased the performance but decreased the skiing efficiency. These results demonstrate the potential of musculoskeletal simulations for skiing efficiency estimations.
Labour supply elasticities in New Zealand*

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to explore alternative labour supply elasticity concepts in cross-sectional contexts and to present empirical results for New Zealand. Emphasis is placed on the elasticity of hours worked with respect to a change in the gross wage rate, though it is shown that the gross wage elasticity is usually sufficient when considering labour supply responses to effective marginal tax rate changes. The elasticities presented here, for both intensive and extensive margins and for a range of demographic groups, are based on simulated labour supply responses to a proportional change in gross wage rates using the New Zealand Treasury's behavioural microsimulation model, Taxwell-B. This uses a discrete-hours random-utility specification of preferences. Comparisons are made with the only previous estimates for NZ. As for other countries, elasticities at the extensive margin are found to be larger than at the intensive margin.
Is spyware an Internet nuisance or public menace?

Recent media attention to spyware [2, 5, 7, 8] has brought to light the blunt intrusion into individual privacy and the uncertain hidden cost of free access to Internet sites, along with freeware and shareware. Most spyware programs belong to the more benign category of adware that delivers targeted pop-up ads based on a user's Web surfing habits. The more malicious type of spyware tracks each keystroke of the user and sends that information to its proprietors. Such information could be used for legitimate data mining purposes or it could be abused by others for identity theft and financial crimes.
On the Suitable Domain for SVM Training in Image Coding

Conventional SVM-based image coding methods are founded on independently restricting the distortion in every image coefficient at some particular image representation. Geometrically, this implies allowing arbitrary signal distortions in an n-dimensional rectangle defined by the e-insensitivity zone in each dimension of the selected image representation domain. Unfortunately, not every image representation domain is well-suited for such a simple, scalar-wise, approach because statistical and/or perceptual interactions between the coefficients may exist. These interactions imply that scalar approaches may induce distortions that do not follow the image statistics and/or are perceptually annoying. Taking into account these relations would imply using non-rectangular e-insensitivity regions (allowing coupled distortions in different coefficients), which is beyond the conventional SVM formulation. In this paper, we report a condition on the suitable domain for developing efficient SVM image coding schemes. We analytically demonstrate that no linear domain fulfills this condition because of the statistical and perceptual inter-coefficient relations that exist in these domains. This theoretical result is experimentally confirmed by comparing SVM learning in previously reported linear domains and in a recently proposed non-linear perceptual domain that simultaneously reduces the statistical and perceptual relations (so it is closer to fulfilling the proposed condition). These results highlight the relevance of an appropriate choice of the image representation before SVM learning.
Measurement of the branching ratio of B̄ →

M. Huschle, T. Kuhr, M. Heck, P. Goldenzweig, A. Abdesselam, I. Adachi, 12 K. Adamczyk, H. Aihara, S. Al Said, 29 K. Arinstein, 51 D. M. Asner, T. Aushev, 23 R. Ayad, T. Aziz, I. Badhrees, 28 A. M. Bakich, V. Bansal, E. Barberio, V. Bhardwaj, B. Bhuyan, J. Biswal, A. Bobrov, 51 A. Bozek, M. Bračko, 24 T. E. Browder, D. Červenkov, P. Chang, V. Chekelian, A. Chen, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, R. Chistov, K. Cho, V. Chobanova, Y. Choi, D. Cinabro, J. Dalseno, 63 M. Danilov, 40 Z. Doležal, Z. Drásal, D. Dutta, S. Eidelman, 51 D. Epifanov, H. Farhat, J. E. Fast, T. Ferber, A. Frey, B. G. Fulsom, V. Gaur, N. Gabyshev, 51 A. Garmash, 51 R. Gillard, R. Glattauer, Y. M. Goh, B. Golob, 24 J. Grygier, P. Hamer, K. Hara, T. Hara, 12 J. Hasenbusch, K. Hayasaka, H. Hayashii, X. H. He, M. Heider, A. Heller, T. Horiguchi, W. -S. Hou, C. -L. Hsu, T. Iijima, 42 K. Inami, G. Inguglia, A. Ishikawa, R. Itoh, 12 Y. Iwasaki, I. Jaegle, D. Joffe, K. K. Joo, T. Julius, K. H. Kang, E. Kato, P. Katrenko, T. Kawasaki, T. Keck, C. Kiesling, D. Y. Kim, H. J. Kim, J. B. Kim, J. H. Kim, K. T. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. J. Kim, K. Kinoshita, B. R. Ko, N. Kobayashi, P. Kodyš, S. Korpar, 24 P. Križan, 24 P. Krokovny, 51 T. Kumita, A. Kuzmin, 51 Y. -J. Kwon, I. S. Lee, C. Li, Y. Li, L. Li Gioi, J. Libby, D. Liventsev, 15 P. Lukin, 51 M. Masuda, D. Matvienko, 51 K. Miyabayashi, H. Miyake, 12 H. Miyata, R. Mizuk, 40 G. B. Mohanty, S. Mohanty, 71 A. Moll, 63 H. K. Moon, R. Mussa, K. R. Nakamura, E. Nakano, M. Nakao, 12 T. Nanut, M. Nayak, N. K. Nisar, S. Nishida, 12 S. Ogawa, S. Okuno, C. Oswald, G. Pakhlova, 23 B. Pal, C. W. Park, H. Park, T. K. Pedlar, L. Pesántez, R. Pestotnik, M. Petrič, L. E. Piilonen, C. Pulvermacher, E. Ribežl, M. Ritter, A. Rostomyan, Y. Sakai, 12 S. Sandilya, L. Santelj, T. Sanuki, Y. Sato, V. Savinov, O. Schneider, G. Schnell, 16 C. Schwanda, A. J. Schwartz, D. Semmler, K. Senyo, O. Seon, M. E. Sevior, V. Shebalin, 51 C. P. Shen, T. -A. Shibata, J.-G. Shiu, F. Simon, 63 Y. -S. Sohn, A. Sokolov, E. Solovieva, S. Stanič, M. Starič, M. Steder, J. Stypula, M. Sumihama, T. Sumiyoshi, U. Tamponi, 70 Y. Teramoto, K. Trabelsi, 12 V. Trusov, M. Uchida, T. Uglov, 41 S. Uno, 12 Y. Usov, 51 C. Van Hulse, P. Vanhoefer, G. Varner, A. Vinokurova, 51 V. Vorobyev, 51 M. N. Wagner, C. H. Wang, M. -Z. Wang, P. Wang, X. L. Wang, M. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, E. Won, H. Yamamoto, J. Yamaoka, S. Yashchenko, H. Ye, Y. Yook, C. Z. Yuan, Y. Yusa, Z. P. Zhang, V. Zhilich, 51 V. Zhulanov, 51 and A. Zupanc
Individual-Level Antecedents to Market-Oriented Actions

Although often assessed at an organizational level, a market-oriented culture is supported by the attitudes and actions of the organization's employees. A firm cannot develop a market orientation strategy without each employee's active understanding, willingness, and ability to perform in a market-oriented fashion. Therefore, individual employees must experience a responsibility to gather and assess the value of market information, and a willingness to share it with other employees. We surveyed a cross-section of employees at many levels and roles in different North American financial services organizations. This research identified important individual-level antecedents that organizations must account for when attempting to stimulate company-wide market-oriented behaviors. These include the fostering of high-quality and matched psychological contracts, modeling of learning strategies by agile learners, and increased opportunities and time to develop personal ties between customers and employees in diverse roles within the firm.
Seroprevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infection in Turkoman breed horses in Iran

Equine babesiosis is a hemoprotozoan tickborne disease with worldwide distribution and caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of T. equi and B. caballi infection in Turkoman breed horses in North Khorasan Province of Iran. Blood samples were collected from 100 apparently healthy horses and examined by microscopy and indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. T. equi was microscopically detected in five blood smears. Antibodies against T. equi, B. caballi and dual infection were found in 48 (48%), 2 (2%) and 3 (3%) serum samples, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the seroprevalence of piroplasm infection with risk factors such as age, gender and activity in horses. This is the first report of detection of T. equi and B. caballi infection using IFAT in Iran. It was concluded that the seroprevalence of T. equi infection is higher than B. caballi infection in Turkoman breed horse in Iran.
Confirmation Bias in Social Networks

I propose a social learning model that investigates how confirmatory bias affects public opinion when agents exchange information over a social network. For that, besides exchanging opinions with friends, individuals observe a public sequence of potentially ambiguous signals and they interpret it according to a rule that accounts for confirmation bias. I first show that, regardless the level of ambiguity and both in the case of a single individual or of a networked society, only two types of opinions might be formed and both are biased. One opinion type, however, is necessarily less biased (more efficient) than the other depending on the state of the world. The size of both biases depends on the ambiguity level and the relative magnitude of the state and confirmatory biases. In this context, long-run learning is not attained even when individuals interpret ambiguity impartially. Finally, since it is not trivial to ascertain analytically the probability of emergence of the efficient consensus when individuals are connected through a social network and have different priors, I use simulations to analyze its determinants. Three main results derived from this exercise are that, in expected terms, i) some network topologies are more conducive to consensus efficiency, ii) some degree of partisanship enhances consensus efficiency even under confirmatory bias and iii) open-mindedness, i.e. when partisans agree to exchange opinions with other partisans with polar opposite beliefs, might harm efficiency in some cases.
The role of a soluble TNFα receptor fusion protein (etanercept) in corticosteroid refractory asthma: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial

Aim: Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a cytokine recognised as a therapeutic target in chronic inflammatory diseases. Methods: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled parallel group trial is reported of etanercept (an IgG1-TNF p75 receptor fusion protein), administered once weekly for 12 weeks in 39 patients with severe corticosteroid refractory asthma. Efficacy was measured by change from the pretreatment baseline in Asthma Related Quality of Life (AQLQ) and Asthma Control (ACQ) Questionnaire scores (the primary endpoints), lung function, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Sputum and serum inflammatory cells and cytokines, serum albumin and C reactive protein (CRP) as biomarkers of inflammation were also assessed. Results: There was a small but significant difference in reduction of ACQ scores between treatment and placebo (−1.11 (95% CI −1.56 to −0.75) and −0.52 (95% CI −0.97 to −0.07), respectively, p = 0.037). There was no significant difference in improvements in AQLQ scores, lung function, PEF, BHR or exacerbation rates between the groups. Minor adverse events, including injection site pain and skin rashes, were more frequent with etanercept. There was a significant reduction in sputum macrophages and CRP, and increases in serum TNFα and albumin following treatment, but not in other laboratory parameters. Conclusion: Etanercept therapy over 12 weeks demonstrated only a small but significant improvement in asthma control and systemic inflammation, as measured by serum albumin and CRP. Larger randomised, placebo controlled trials are required to clarify the role of TNFα antagonism in subjects with severe refractory asthma.
Master Programme in Finance Does Hedging Increase Firm Value ?

In an uncertain financial world, corporate risk management has become an important element of a firm’s overall business strategy. The ability to manage risk will help companies act more confidently on future business decisions. Their knowledge of the risks they are facing will give them various options on how to deal with potential problems. One of the most popular risk management programs that firm adopts is to hedge against the future’s fluctuations of income due to the changes in currency exchange rate or interest rate risk. Despite an increasing interest in developing theoretical studies about the reasons why firms involved in risk management, however, only a handful of studies that address the issue whether risk management can enhance the firm value. The purpose of this project research is to fill this gap and investigate the impact of hedging on firm value. Using Tobin’s Q as an approximation for firm market value and hedging as a control variable, I examined 90 Swedish firms listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange, having the total assets exceeds at least 1 billion Euros. The results of the regression analysis show insignificant indication that the usage of hedging impacts firm value positively. The findings of this research imply that there is no evidence that support the hypothesis that hedging causes an increase in firm value.
Labour Market Impacts from Disability Onset

In this paper we estimate the causal labour market impacts of disability onset up to four years after onset using longitudinal data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics Australia (HILDA) survey and difference-in-difference propensity score matching techniques. We find lasting negative impacts on employment, especially full-time employment, which is linked more to reduced movement into full-time employment than to downshifting from full-time to part-time work. Longer-term, impacts on employment and income support reliance are greater for those without post-school qualifications, which points to differential social costs of onset by education. Therefore, to be cost-effective, prevention and vocational rehabilitation measures should be targeted at low-skilled workers.
The Impact of Predictor Variable(s) with Skewed Cell Probabilities on Wald Tests in Binary Logistic Regression

ii Preface . iii Table of contents.iv List of Tables . vii List of Figures . ix Acknowledgements . x Dedication . xi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Background . 4 What Is Logistic Regression? 5 Evaluation of logistic regression models. 7 Assumptions and diagnostic measures. 10 Application of Logistic Regression in Education Research: A Sample from 2000 to 2013 in Higher Education . 12 Results. 15 Discussion. 29 Recommendations. 31 The Monte Carlo Simulation Analysis . 33 Type I and II error and statistical power. 35 Chapter 3: The Impact of Predictor Variable(s) with Skewed Cell Probabilities on Wald Tests in Binary Logistic Regression . 37
Alginate Oligosaccharides Modify Hyphal Infiltration of Candida albicans in an In Vitro Model of Invasive Human Candidosis Abbreviated Running Headline : Altering In Vitro Hyphal Invasion

This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/jam.13516 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. DR. MANON FFLUR PRITCHARD (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-5135-4744)
MAGNETOBIOSTRATIGRAPHIC SYNTHESIS OF LEG 123

During ODP Leg 123, Sites 765 and 766 were drilled to examine the tectonic evolution, sedimentary history, and paleoceanography of the Argo Abyssal Plain and lower Exmouth Plateau. At each site, the quality of magnetostratigraphic and biostratigraphic records varies because of complicating factors, such as the predominance of turbidites, the presence of condensed horizons, or deposition beneath the CCD. Based primarily on the presence of nannofossils, the base of the sedimentary section at Site 765 was dated as Tithonian. A complete Cretaceous sequence was recovered at this site, although the sedimentation rate varies markedly through the section. The Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary is represented by a condensed horizon. The condensed Cenozoic sequence at Site 765 extends from the upper Paleocene to the lower Miocene. A dramatic increase in sedimentation rate was observed in the lower Miocene, and a 480-m-thick Neogene section is present. The Neogene section is continuous, except for a minor hiatus in the lower Pliocene. The base of the sedimentary section at Site 766 is Valanginian, in agreement with the site's position on marine magnetic anomaly M i l . Valanginian to Barremian sediments are terrigenous, with variable preservation of microfossils, and younger sediments are pelagic, with abundant well-preserved microfossils. Sedimentation rate is highest in the Lower Cretaceous and decreases continually upsection. Upper Cenozoic sediments are condensed, with several hiatuses.
EV Charging Scheduling with On-Arrival Commitment

The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles results in drastic increase in the total energy demand of EVs. Given the limited charging rate capacity of charging stations and uncertainty of EV arrivals, the aggregate demand might go beyond the charging station capacity, even with proper scheduling. This paper formulates a social welfare maximization problem for EV charging scheduling with charging capacity constraint. Even though the underlying problem is linear, it is difficult to tackle since the input to the problem, i.e., charging profile of EVs, reveals in online fashion. We devise charging scheduling algorithms that not only work in online scenario, but also provide the following two key features: (i) on-arrival commitment; respecting the capacity constraint may hinder fulfilling charging requirement of deadline-constrained EVs entirely. Therefore, committing a guaranteed charging amount upon arrival of each EV is highly required; (ii) (group)-strategy-proofness as a salient feature to promote EVs to reveal their true type and do not collude with other EVs. Extensive simulations using real traces demonstrate the effectiveness of our online scheduling algorithms as compared to the optimal non-committed offline solution.