Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal “cholinergic interneurons” visualized with the choline acetyltransferase promoter: anatomical distribution, intrinsic membrane properties, neurochemical characteristics, and capacity for cholinergic modulation

Release of acetylcholine (ACh) in the hippocampus (HC) occurs during exploration, arousal, and learning. Although the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca (MS-DBB) is the major extrinsic source of cholinergic input to the HC, cholinergic neurons intrinsic to the HC also exist but remain poorly understood. Here, ChAT-tauGFP and ChAT-CRE/Rosa26YFP (ChAT-Rosa) mice were examined in HC. The HC of ChAT-tauGFP mice was densely innervated with GFP-positive axons, often accompanied by large GFP-positive structures, some of which were Neurotrace/DAPI-negative and likely represent large axon terminals. In the HC of ChAT-Rosa mice, ChAT-YFP cells were Neurotrace-positive and more abundant in CA3 and dentate gyrus than CA1 with partial overlap with calretinin/VIP. Moreover, an anti-ChAT antibody consistently showed ChAT immunoreactivity in ChAT-YFP cells from MS-DBB but rarely from HC. Furthermore, ChAT-YFP cells from CA1 stratum radiatum/stratum lacunosum moleculare (SR/SLM) exhibited a stuttering firing phenotype but a delayed firing phenotype in stratum pyramidale (SP) of CA3. Input resistance and capacitance were also different between CA1 SR/LM and CA3 SP ChAT-YFP cells. Bath application of ACh increased firing frequency in all ChAT-YFP cells; however, cholinergic modulation was larger in CA1 SR/SLM than CA3 SP ChAT-YFP cells. Finally, CA3 SP ChAT-YFP cells exhibited a wider AP half-width and weaker cholinergic modulation than YFP-negative CA3 pyramidal cells. Consistent with CRE expression in a subpopulation of principal cells, optogenetic stimulation evoked glutamatergic postsynaptic currents in CA1 SR/SLM interneurons. In conclusion, the presence of fluorescently labeled hippocampal cells common to both ChAT-tauGFP and ChAT-Rosa mice are in good agreement with previous reports on the existence of cholinergic interneurons, but both transgenic mouse lines exhibited unexpected anatomical features that departed considerably from earlier observations.
Homing spread: Community home-based multi-copy routing in mobile social networks

A mobile social network (MSN) is a special delay tolerant network (DTN) composed of mobile nodes with social characteristics. Mobile nodes in MSNs generally visit community homes frequently, while other locations are visited less frequently. We propose a novel zero-knowledge MSN routing algorithm, homing spread (HS). The community homes have a higher priority to spread messages into the network. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed algorithm can spread a given number of message copies in an optimal way when the inter-meeting times between any two nodes and between a node and a community home follow exponential distributions. We also calculate the expected delivery delay of HS. In addition, extensive simulations are conducted. Results show that community homes are important factors in efficient message spreading. By using homes to spread messages faster, HS achieves a better performance than existing zero-knowledge MSN routing algorithms, including Epidemic, with a given number of copies, and Spray&Wait.
A Dewetting Model for Double-Emulsion Droplets

The evolution of double-emulsion droplets is of great importance for the application of microdroplets and microparticles. We study the driving force of the dewetting process, the equilibrium configuration and the dewetting time of double-emulsion droplets. Through energy analysis, we find that the equilibrium configuration of a partial engulfed droplet depends on a dimensionless interfacial tension determined by the three relevant interfacial tensions, and the engulfing part of the inner phase becomes larger as the volume of the outer phase increases. By introducing a dewetting boundary, the dewetting time can be calculated by balancing the driving force, caused by interfacial tensions, and the viscous force. Without considering the momentum change of the continuous phase, the dewetting time is an increasing function against the viscosity of the outer phase and the volume ratio between the outer phase and inner phase.
Influence of Thickness and Interface on the Low-Temperature Enhancement of the Spin Seebeck Effect in YIG Films

The temperature dependent longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE) in heavy metal (HM)/Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) hybrid structures is investigated as a function of YIG film thickness, magnetic field strength, and different HM detection material. The LSSE signal shows a large enhancement with reducing the temperature, leading to a pronounced peak at low temperatures. We find the LSSE peak temperature strongly depends on the film thickness as well as on the magnetic field. Our result can be well explained in the framework of magnon-driven LSSE by taking into account the temperature dependent effective propagation length of thermally excited magnons in bulk. We further demonstrate that the LSSE peak is significantly shifted by changing the interface coupling to an adjacent detection layer, revealing a more complex behavior beyond the currently discussed bulk effect. By direct microscopic imaging of the interface, we correlate the observed temperature dependence with the interface structure between the YIG and the adjacent metal layer. Our results highlight the role of interface effects on the temperature dependent LSSE in HM/YIG system, suggesting that the temperature dependent spin current transparency strikingly relies on the interface conditions.
The Effect of Motor Imagery and Static Stretching on Anaerobic Performance in Trained Cyclists

Abstract Kingsley, JD, Zakrajsek, RA, Nesser, TW, and Gage, MJ. The effect of motor imagery and static stretching on anaerobic performance in trained cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 27(1): 265–269, 2013—Athletes perform many different protocols as part of their warm-up routine before competition. Stretching has been suggested to decrease force and power production, whereas motor imagery (MI), the visualization of simple or complex motor activities in the absence of physical movement, may increase force and power production in young healthy individuals. Few studies have investigated either of these in trained individuals. No studies have compared the effects of static stretching (SS) with MI on anaerobic performance in trained cyclists. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of SS compared with MI and quiet rest (QR) on anaerobic performance in trained cyclists. Thirteen trained cyclists (9 men: 4 women; aged 21 ± 2 years) were assessed for height (1.76 ± 0.07 m), weight (73.4 ± 13 kg), % body fat (10.8 ± 6.2%), and maximal oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max of 42.0 ± 5.6 ml·kg−1·min−1) on a cycle ergometer. The participants performed 3 randomized sessions consisting of cycling for 30 minutes at 65% of V[Combining Dot Above]O2max before undergoing 16 minutes of SS, MI, or QR followed by an anaerobic performance test. The SS consisted of 3 sets of 30-second stretches of the hamstrings, quadriceps, hip flexors, and piriformis. Imagery was based on the physical, environmental, task, learning, emotion, and perspective approach and was conducted by a trained technician. Both relative and absolute powers, and peak revolutions per minute, were quantified using the Wingate anaerobic threshold test. No significant interactions existed among SS, MI, and QR for relative peak power, absolute peak power, or peak RPM. In disagreement with current literature, this study suggests that neither SS nor a single session of MI immediately affect anaerobic performance in trained cyclists. If an event is <30 seconds, then SS or MI may not affect performance.
Probabilistic synchronisation of pinning control

This article is concerned with synchronisation of complex stochastic dynamical networks in the presence of noise and functional uncertainty. A probabilistic control method for adaptive synchronisation is presented. All required probabilistic models of the network are assumed to be unknown, therefore estimated to be dependent on the connectivity strength, the state and control values. Robustness of the probabilistic controller is proved via the Lyapunov method. Furthermore, based on the residual error of the network states we introduce the definition of stochastic pinning controllability. A coupled map lattice with spatiotemporal chaos is taken as an example to illustrate all theoretical developments. The theoretical derivation is complemented by its validation on two representative examples.
MODULATION SPACES AND A CLASS OF BOUNDED MULTILINEAR PSEUDODIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS

We show that multilinear pseudodifferential operators with sym- bols in the modulation space M ¥,1 are bounded on products of modulation spaces. In particular, M ¥,1 includes non-smooth symbols. Several multilin- ear Calderon-Vaillancourt-type theorems are then obtained by using certain embeddings of classical function spaces into modulation spaces.
A new model of on-line collaborative activity for building ontology in e-learning

In today's world, many real-life processes are either improved by new sophisticated ICT technologies or altered. Collaboration, as a respected method in learning, is such a process. Lately there is ongoing research and a lot of innovations in the area of collaborative learning. In this paper we present a new model of on-line collaborative activity for building ontology. It enriches the list of activities that can be included in the course curriculum, and also, at the end, produces ontology for course domain. We realize an experiment and compare the results obtained by a set of students in this activity with the final course results. The conclusions show that there is a significant correlation between them. Therefore, we recommend this model as a very good activity for collaborative ontology building in the e-learning processes.
Body ownership determines the attenuation of self-generated tactile sensations

Significance When we touch one hand with the other, the touch feels less intense than identical touches generated by another person or robot. This is because our brain predicts the contact between our hands and attenuates the expected sensation. Here, we describe how the attenuation of self-touch depends on the experienced ownership of the touching hand. We found that illusory self-touch with a rubber hand that feels like one’s own is attenuated. We also found the reverse: The attenuation of real self-touch is reduced when the rubber hand that feels like one’s own is far from the receiving hand. These findings are important because they demonstrate that sensory predictions and sensory attenuation depend on the sense of ownership of the body. Self-perception depends on the brain’s abilities to differentiate our body from the environment and to distinguish between the sensations generated as a consequence of voluntary movement and those arising from events in the external world. The first process refers to the sense of ownership of our body and relies on the dynamic integration of multisensory (afferent) signals. The second process depends on internal forward models that use (efferent) information from our motor commands to predict and attenuate the sensory consequences of our movements. However, the relationship between body ownership and sensory attenuation driven by the forward models remains unknown. To address this issue, we combined the rubber hand illusion, which allows experimental manipulation of body ownership, and the force-matching paradigm, which allows psychophysical quantification of somatosensory attenuation. We found that a rubber right hand pressing on the left index finger produced somatosensory attenuation but only when the model hand felt like one’s own (illusory self-touch); reversely, the attenuation that was expected to occur during actual self-touch with the real hands was reduced when the participants simultaneously experienced ownership of a rubber right hand that was placed at a distance from their left hand. These results demonstrate that the sense of body ownership determines somatosensory attenuation. From a theoretical perspective, our results are important because they suggest that body ownership updates the internal representation of body state that provides the input to the forward model generating sensory predictions during voluntary action.
Improved outcomes in the non-operative management of liver injuries.

OBJECTIVES Non-operative management has become the treatment of choice in the majority of liver injuries. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in primary treatment and outcomes in a single Dutch Level 1 trauma centre with wide experience in angio-embolisation (AE). METHODS The prospective trauma registry was retrospectively analysed for 7-year periods before (Period 1) and after (Period 2) the introduction of AE. The primary outcome was the failure rate of primary treatment defined as liver injury-related death or re-bleeding requiring radiologic or operative (re)interventions. Secondary outcomes were liver injury-related intra-abdominal complications. RESULTS Despite an increase in high-grade liver injuries, the incidence of primary non-operative management more than doubled over the two periods, from 33% (20 of 61 cases) in Period 1 to 72% (84 of 116 cases) in Period 2 (P < 0.001). The failure rate of primary treatment in Period 1 was 18% (11/61), compared with 11% (13/116) in Period 2 (P= 0.21). Complication rates were 23% (14/61) and 16% (18/116) in Periods 1 and 2, respectively (P= 0.22). Liver-related mortality rates were 10% (6/61) and 3% (4/116) in Periods 1 and 2, respectively (P= 0.095). The increase in the frequency of non-operative management was even higher in high-grade injuries, in which outcomes were improved. In high-grade injuries in Periods 1 and 2, failure rates decreased from 45% (9/20) to 20% (11/55) (P= 0.041), liver-related mortality decreased from 30% (6/20) to 7% (4/55) (P= 0.019) and complication rates fell from 60% (12/20) to 27% (15/55) (P= 0.014). Liver infarction or necrosis and abscess formation seemed to occur more frequently with AE. CONCLUSIONS Overall, liver-related mortality, treatment failure and complication rates remained constant despite an increase in non-operative management. However, in high-grade injuries outcomes improved after the introduction of AE.
Simultaneous connections routing in W-S-W elastic optical switches with limited number of connection rates

The three-stage switching fabric of wavelength-space-wavelength architecture for elastic optical switches is considered in the paper. It serves connections which can occupy different spectrum width. The upper bound for rearrangeable condition for such switching fabric which serves a limited number of connection rates is derived and proved. The control algorithm based on matrix decomposition is also proposed. For the switching fabric of capacity 2×2 serving only two connection rates, necessary and sufficient conditions are derived and proved. The required number of frequency slot units in interstage links is much lower than in the strict-sense nonblocking switching fabrics.
MARTE: Also an UML Profile for Modeling AADL Applications

Marte (A UML Profile for Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded systems) is a new UML profile extension for real-time and embedded systems, which is going to be standardized by mid 2007 at OMG (Object Management Group). This standard has been proposed by the "ProMarte" consortium, which consists of OMG end-users, tool providers and academics. Marte defines concepts in terms of UML extensions needed to model and analyze real-time and embedded systems (RT/ES). The Marte specification provides an annex which handles its relation to AADL-based models, and the way it may represent them. Our purpose in this paper is to describe this relation. Our constructions will be presented and illustrated through some examples.
Species Distribution and Virulence Factors of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated From Clinical Samples From the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria.

Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) have become a major public health problem due to an increase in invasive procedures and antibiotic resistance. The prevalence and some virulence factors of CoNS species isolated from clinical samples obtained from a hospital in Benin-City, Nigeria was investigated. A total of 79 clinical samples were collected from clinical specimens over a six month period in a non consecutive manner from a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Samples were cultured on MacConkey agar, Cystine –Lysine-Electrolyte-Deficient agar (CLED) and blood agar (Oxoid Ltd Basingstoke UK). Identification of the various CoNS species was done using Microbact staph ID system (Oxoid product). Determination of hemolysin production was done in blood agar plates while slime detection was carried out using the modified congo red agar method. The most commonly isolated species were S. haemolyticus (28.3%), S . epidermidis (26.7%) and S . saprophyticus (18.33%). Others were S. simulans (10%), S. xylosus (10%), S. chromogenes (15%) and S. schleiferi (1.67%). Hemolysis on blood agar plates was observed in 34.2% of CoNS with S. haemolyticus (58.8%) predominating followed by S . epidermidis (25%). Slime production was positive in 75.95% of all CoNS species isolated. All isolates of S . simulans (100%) and S. xylosus (100%) were positive for slime production followed by S. epidermidis (93.7%) and S . haemolyticus (70.6%). Due to the increasing medical significance of CoNS, these organisms should not be ignored or classified as mere contaminants. Keywords: Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, virulence factors, infections, slime, hemolysin.
Solubility and hydrolysis of tetravalent actinides

The solubility and hydrolysis of Th(IV), U(IV), Np(IV), and Pu(IV) are critically reviewed and a comprehensive set of thermodynamic constants at I = 0 and 25°C is presented. The hydrolysis constants are selected preferentially from experimental studies at actinide trace concentrations, where the interference of colloid formation can be excluded. Unknown formation constants of mononuclear complexes An(OH)n4-n are estimated by applying a semi-empirical electrostatic model and an empirical correlation with the known constants of other actinide ions. Based on the known and estimated hydrolysis constants, the solubility products of An(OH)4(am) or AnO2 × xH2O(am) are calculated from experimental solubility data available in the literature. The SIT is used for ionic strength corrections. The solubilities of U(IV), Np(IV), and Pu(IV) hydroxides or hydrous oxides can be calculated by accounting only for mononuclear hydrolysis species. The considerably higher solubilities of amorphous Th(IV) precipitates at pH <5 include major contributions of polynuclear species. The solubility data in acidic solutions depend strongly on the preparation and crystallinity of the solid phase. In neutral and alkaline solutions, where An(OH)4(aq) are the predominant aqueous species, the solubilities of AnO2(cr) become equal to those of the amorphous solids. This indicates that the crystalline dioxides are covered by amorphous hydroxide layers.
Therapy-Induced Neuroplasticity of Language in Chronic Post Stroke Aphasia: A Mismatch Negativity Study of (A)Grammatical and Meaningful/less Mini-Constructions

Clinical language performance and neurophysiological correlates of language processing were measured before and after intensive language therapy in patients with chronic (time post stroke >1 year) post stroke aphasia (PSA). As event-related potential (ERP) measure, the mismatch negativity (MMN) was recorded in a distracted oddball paradigm to short spoken sentences. Critical ‘deviant’ sentence stimuli where either well-formed and meaningful, or syntactically, or lexico-semantically incorrect. After 4 weeks of speech-language therapy (SLT) delivered with high intensity (10.5 h per week), clinical language assessment with the Aachen Aphasia Test battery demonstrated significant linguistic improvements, which were accompanied by enhanced MMN responses. More specifically, MMN amplitudes to grammatically correct and meaningful mini-constructions and to ‘jabberwocky’ sentences containing a pseudoword significantly increased after therapy. However, no therapy-related changes in MMN responses to syntactically incorrect strings including agreement violations were observed. While MMN increases to well-formed meaningful strings can be explained both at the word and construction levels, the neuroplastic change seen for ‘jabberwocky’ sentences suggests an explanation in terms of constructions. The results confirm previous reports that intensive SLT leads to improvements of linguistic skills in chronic aphasia patients and now demonstrate that this clinical improvement is associated with enhanced automatic brain indexes of construction processing, although no comparable change is present for ungrammatical strings. Furthermore, the data confirm that the language-induced MMN is a useful tool to map functional language recovery in PSA.
Associations between the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and “mind-reading” in humans—An exploratory study

Abstract Background/aims: The application of intranasal oxytocin enhances facial emotion recognition in normal subjects and in subjects with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In addition, various features of social cognition have been associated with variants of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR). Therefore, we tested for associations between mind-reading, a measure for social recognition and OXTR polymorphisms. Methods: 76 healthy adolescents and young adults were tested for associations between OXTR rs53576, rs2254298, rs2228485 and mind-reading using the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test” (RMET). Results: After Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, rs2228485 was associated with the number of incorrect answers when subjects evaluated male faces (P =0.000639). There were also associations between OXTR rs53576, rs2254298 and rs2228485 and other RMET dimensions according to P <0.05 (uncorrected). Conclusion: This study adds further evidence to the hypothesis that genetic variations in the OXTR modulate mind-reading and social behaviour.