Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Outcomes Parameters for Induction of Remission in New Onset Pediatric Crohn's Disease: Evaluation of the Porto IBD Group “Growth Relapse and Outcomes with Therapy” (GROWTH CD) Study

Background:Robust evaluation of induction therapies using both clinical and inflammatory outcomes in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) are sparse. We attempted to evaluate clinical, inflammatory, and composite outcomes of induction of remission therapies (normal C reactive protein [CRP] remission) in a large pediatric prospective multicenter study. Methods:Patients enrolled at diagnosis into the growth relapse and outcomes with therapy in Crohn's disease study were evaluated for disease activity, CRP, and fecal calprotectin at 8, 12 and 52 weeks after starting treatment. The primary endpoint was week-12 steroid-free remission defined by pediatric Crohn's disease activity index and CRP <0.5 mg/dL. The protocol required tapering off corticosteroids by week 11. Results:We analyzed 222 patients (mean age, 12.9 ± 3.2 yr) main evaluated treatment options included: 5-ASA (n = 29), exclusive enteral nutrition (n = 43), and corticosteroids (n = 114). Clinical remission at week 12 was achieved in 155 (73%) patients; both exclusive enteral nutrition and steroids were associated with normal CRP remission at week 12, although in a post hoc subgroup analysis exclusive enteral nutrition was superior in mild-to-moderate disease for this outcome. Among those in steroid-free remission in week 12, normal CRP predicted 1-year sustained remission (86% for normal CRP versus 61% for elevated CRP; P = 0.02). Baseline severity and early immunomodulation were similar in both groups. Conclusions:Normal CRP steroid-free remission at week 12 was impacted by type of induction therapy, but not by early immunomodulation. It was associated with more corticosteroids-free remission at week 52 and a trend for less relapses.
Temporal characterization of memory retrieval processes: an fMRI study of the ‘tip of the tongue’ phenomenon

‘Tip of the tongue’ (TOT) is a natural phenomenon in which people cannot retrieve a target word immediately, even though they feel confident that they know the target. This provides us an opportunity to understand the human memory system, because cognitive components of memory retrieval such as retrieval effort and successful retrieval are temporally dissociated from each other during the TOT states. The purpose of the present study was to reveal the neural correlates of the cognitive components of the retrieval process by separating cognitive phases of the TOT phenomenon using event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging with multiple regression analysis. We demonstrated that the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex were activated at the time of successful retrieval, and the left DLPFC also showed activation when the subjects successfully retrieved the target names as compared to when they gave up. This result suggests that the left DLPFC is specific to the successful retrieval process. During the TOT state, a number of regions were activated, and this suggests that widely distributed brain regions are engaged when people make a hard effort to retrieve a proper name in the TOT state. Our new approach employing temporal resolution of the TOT phenomenon may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of the human memory system.
Action research in pre-service teacher education – a never-ending story promoting professional development

This article presents a case study aiming at deepening the understanding of action research as a tool in professional development in pre-service teacher education. The case is the practice of action research in a teacher education programme for secondary school teachers in Norway. While there has been limited research on consequences of inquiry, this article asks how student-teachers experience the process and outcome of doing action research and what we as their teacher-educators can learn from these experiences about facilitating the student-teachers’ processes. For most student-teachers the process started with numerous challenges, but in the end the majority experienced a positive outcome. We found that an important condition to ensure that action research functions as a tool for professional development is enough time and space to make it possible to reflect in depth. Familiarising students with research and linking theory and practice seem to need specific attention even after a completed action research project. Reflecting on actions seems to help student-teachers to develop their practical and theoretical understanding in a way that gives their experiences transfer value.
Malleable Mental Accounting: The Effect of Flexibility on the Justification of Attractive Spending and Consumption Decisions

Mental accounts are often characterized as self-control devices that consumers employ to prevent excess spending and consumption. However, under certain conditions of ambiguity, the mental accounting process is malleable; that is, consumers have flexibility in assigning expenses to different mental accounts. We demonstrate how consumers flexibly classify expenses, or construct accounts, to justify spending. An expense that can be assigned to more than one account (i.e., an ambiguous expense) is more likely to be incurred than an unambiguous expense that is constrained either by existing budgets or by previously constructed accounts. We explore the justification processes that underlie these results and their implications for mental accounts as self-control devices.
Work Loyalty and Individualism in the United States and Canada

Addresses the relationship between work loyalty and individualism in the USA and Canada in a study of 434 subjects from various organizations which participated. Results indicate that national identity has a minimal influence on individualism and work loyalty. Sex, however, influenced both measures. Women were found to be more individualistic and to score higher on work loyalty than male participants. In addition, a high correlation was found between work individualism and loyalty.
[Monitoring of tracheal tube cuff pressure in patients treated in intensive therapy unit and intensive care units].

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Proper tracheal tube cuff pressure (CP) can diminish the risk of side effects. Excessive tracheal tube cuff pressure can cause ischaemic changes in the tracheal mucosa, decubitation, granuloma, rupture of a trachea, tracheo-oesophageal fistulae or tracheal stenosis. Too low CP is also undesirable, because it can increase the leakage of colonized subglottic secretions around the tracheal tube cuff, which is the risk factor of ventilatory associated pneumonia. Accidental extubation may also occur. The aim of the study was to find out if there are any differences in maintenance of the proper CP between the staff of intensive therapy unit (ITU) under the supervision of anaesthesiologists and staff of intensive care units (ICU) led by non-anaesthesiologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured the CP in 219 intubated patients. There were 107 patients hospitalized in ITU, under anaesthesiologists's surveillance, the other 112 patients in ICUs were supervised by non-anaesthesiologists. The patients were intubated with Portex Profile Soft-Seal Cuff and Mallinckrodt Hi-Lo with low-pressure and high-volume cuffs. The manometer PORTEX with the recommended range of CP 16-26 cm H2O (1.56-2.54 kPa). The teams were unaware that the audit was taking place. If the CP was out of range, it was corrected to the proper values. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The data analysis did not reveal any differences between values of CP in both groups of subjects. Over-inflation was more frequent than under-inflation in both groups of patients. Regular measurement of tracheal cuff pressure was not a routine procedure in the controlled units.
Osteomyelitis of the Orbit

Summary Although rare, orbital osteomyelitis secondary to sinusitis can be devastating. Early, aggressive ophthalmologic surgical intervention, as well as otorhinolaryngologic co-management, is necessary to obtain the best outcomes. We present two cases of orbital osteomyelitis. One patient remained infected with Pseudomonas meningitis even after extensive sinus and orbital surgery, rapidly declined, and is now deceased. The other patient, after multiple sinus procedures and a medial orbitotomy, was placed on hyperbaric oxygen and is still undergoing treatment.
The immigration issue and anti-immigrant party success in Sweden 1970-2006

Electoral success of anti-immigrant parties varies considerably across Western Europe. This article contributes to research on this important matter by analysing which current theories that accounts for the failure of anti-immigrant parties in one national context, Sweden. It draws on an unusually rich set of data to trace important processes from the 1970s up to 2006. It shows that the failure of anti-immigrant parties is not explained by low citizen demand for anti-immigrant policies. The article does however find clear support for party strategy theories. More specifically, in accordance with important strands of this literature, it is found that a dismissive issue strategy has been effective in reducing support for anti-immigrant parties. There is also support for the expectation that established parties to the right are more inclined to pursue anti-immigrant policies than parties to the left.
An Analysis of Machine- and Human-Analytics in Classification

In this work, we present a study that traces the technical and cognitive processes in two visual analytics applications to a common theoretic model of soft knowledge that may be added into a visual analytics process for constructing a decision-tree model. Both case studies involved the development of classification models based on the “bag of features” approach. Both compared a visual analytics approach using parallel coordinates with a machine-learning approach using information theory. Both found that the visual analytics approach had some advantages over the machine learning approach, especially when sparse datasets were used as the ground truth. We examine various possible factors that may have contributed to such advantages, and collect empirical evidence for supporting the observation and reasoning of these factors. We propose an information-theoretic model as a common theoretic basis to explain the phenomena exhibited in these two case studies. Together we provide interconnected empirical and theoretical evidence to support the usefulness of visual analytics.
Instrumental thinking in Translation Studies

This paper concentrates on instrumental thinking to analyse the conceptualization of translation in praxis and theory. First, instrumental thinking is introduced as a general mode of thinking which can be traced across different academic disciplines. A critical position is adopted with reference to Horkheimer/Adorno and Bourdieu. Based on Bourdieu’s work on “the state of the unthought” and the “pre-constructed,” some examples from academic discourse are discussed to foreground how a certain type of instrumental thinking is linked to market-oriented politics and how this shapes concepts in academic discourse as well. It is argued that the effects of the instrumental can be found on several levels in Translation Studies and that these levels are interrelated. These include the ways translation is understood and approached in practice by interaction partners involved in translation and interpreting processes, in the discourses on translation and interpretation in fields outside academia, and in scholarly work on translation.
Proteinuria precedes cerebral edema in stroke-prone rats: a magnetic resonance imaging study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) subjected to high sodium intake develop severe hypertension, cerebral edema, and proteinuria, culminating in organ damage and early death. MRI, which can be applied serially, provides the unique opportunity to study temporal and quantitative relations between these changes and whether diminution of sodium intake can attenuate established cerebral edema. METHODS SHRSP were subjected to 1% NaCl in drinking water. Cerebral MRI, proteinuria and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured serially. After detection of cerebral edema (T2-weighted MRI), 6 rats were killed for histology, to confirm the diagnosis of cerebral edema. The others were followed up for 7 more days while salt loading was continued (n = 10, group 1) or after sodium intake was normalized (n = 7, group 2). RESULTS SHRSP invariably developed cerebral edema in 30 days (range, 8 to 54 days). At this point neurological signs were absent in 16 of 23 rats. SBP rose until 1 week before detection of cerebral edema, and then stabilized at approximately 265 mm Hg. Proteinuria invariably preceded cerebral edema, with a concentration exceeding 40 mg/d predicting development of cerebral edema in 9 days (range, 3 to 15 days). There was linear correlation (R=.62, P<.0001) between proteinuria and cerebral edema (pixels with an intensity above a defined threshold). Rats in group 1 showed an increase in cerebral edema (from 5.8+/-1.1% to 12.5+/-2.8%; P<.05), and proteinuria remained high (from 305+/-44 to 338+/-29 mg/d); and 2 died spontaneously. Rats in group 2 showed no significant change in edema (from 4.9+/-0.5% to 6.9+/-1.3%) but a marked fall in proteinuria (from 294+/-24 to 119+/-10 mg/d; P<.05), both significantly different from group 1 (P<.05); all survived. SBP remained unaltered in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data establish MRI as a sensitive method for detection of cerebral edema, often prior to neurological signs, in SHRSP. Proteinuria predicts cerebral edema, and these two variables, both obtained noninvasively, are quantitatively related. Moreover, in SHRSP normalizing sodium intake after salt loading attenuates development of cerebral edema and reduces proteinuria.
What are we measuring and why? Using theory to guide perinatal research and measurement

Background: A theory is a set of ideas that attempt to explain phenomena and can provide guiding principles on which to base practice. Many theories from biological and social sciences are relevant to women’s health and well-being during pregnancy and after birth, yet theory is not commonly explicitly reported in perinatal research. Method: This paper outlines the importance of theory to perinatal research and provides a pragmatic overview of when and how to use theory in research. In particular, we consider (i) deciding when it is appropriate to use theory, (ii) choosing which theory to use and (iii) how to operationalise theory in research. We give examples that illustrate how four different theories have been used in perinatal research to increase understanding and inform the development of interventions. Conclusion: Even when it is not appropriate to use theory in our research, careful consideration of pertinent theories contributes to greater clarity of concepts and understanding of different explanations or perspectives on what we are studying. It also prompts us to consider where our research fits in terms of contribution to knowledge or the development and evaluation of treatments. However, it is important that a critical approach is taken so that theories continue to be developed. In this way we will systematically advance our understanding of general factors or processes that are relevant to perinatal health, as well as those factors that are unique to perinatal health.
An Approximation Algorithm for the Generalized Minimum Spanning Tree Problem with Bounded Cluster Size

Given a complete undirected graph with the nodes partitioned into m node sets called clusters, the Generalized Minimum Spanning Tree problem denoted by GMST is to find a minimum-cost tree which includes exactly one node from each cluster. It is known that the GMST problem is NP-hard and even finding a near optimal solution is NP-hard. We give an approximation algorithm for the Generalized Minimum Spanning Tree problem in the case when the cluster size is bounded by $\rho$. In this case, the GMST problem can be approximated to within 2$\rho$.
Gas and Dark Matter Spherical Dynamics

We investigate the formation of spherical cosmological structures following both dark matter and gas components. We focus on the dynamical aspect of the collapse assuming an adiabatic, γ = 5/3, fully ionized primordial plasma. We use for that purpose a fully Lagrangian hydrodynamical code designed to describe highly compressible flows in spherical geometry. We investigate also a “fluid approach” to describe the mean physical quantities of the dark matter flow. We test its validity for a wide range of initial density contrast. We show that a homogeneous isentropic core forms in the gas distribution, surrounded by a self-similar hydrostatic halo, with much higher entropy generated by shock dissipation. We derive analytical expressions for the size, density, and temperature of the core, as well as for the surrounding halo. We show that, unless very efficient heating processes occur in the intergalactic medium, we are unable to reproduce within adiabatic models the typical core sizes in X-ray clusters. We also show that, for dynamical reasons only, the gas distribution is naturally antibiased relative to the total mass distribution, without invoking any reheating processes. This could explain why the gas fraction increases with radius in very large X-ray clusters. As a preparation for the next study devoted to the thermodynamical aspect of the collapse, we investigate the initial entropy level required to solve the core problem in X-ray clusters.
Moderators in the Relationship between Child Maltreatment and Symptoms of Depression

Experiencing child maltreatment is a risk factor for later psychopathology, however, not all survivors of child maltreatment go on to develop mental illness. Therefore, there are likely important moderators that interact with child maltreatment to contribute to the development of psychopathology. The present study examined attachment and stress severity of life events as possible moderators in the association between child maltreatment and later depressive symptomatology in a population of college students. Participants completed measures of attachment, stressful life events, current mood symptoms, and demographic information. An attachment style characterized by anxiety and avoidance, and greater cumulative stress severity were expected to exacerbate the effect of child maltreatment on depressive symptomatology. Anxious attachment to primary caregivers moderated the relationship between child maltreatment and depressive symptoms. This study found no support for the other moderation hypotheses, however, the main effect of stress severity was significant over and above the effects of child maltreatment. These variables, as well as child maltreatment itself, may result in disruptions in the development of adaptive emotion, and stress regulation. This research highlights important areas of intervention in cases of child maltreatment.
3D Through-Wall Imaging with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using WiFi

In this paper, we are interested in the 3D through-wall imaging of a completely unknown area, using WiFi RSSI and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that move outside of the area of interest to collect WiFi measurements. It is challenging to estimate a volume represented by an extremely high number of voxels with a small number of measurements. Yet many applications are time-critical and/or limited on resources, precluding extensive measurement collection. In this paper, we then propose an approach based on Markov random field modeling, loopy belief propagation, and sparse signal processing for 3D imaging based on wireless power measurements. Furthermore, we show how to design efficient aerial routes that are informative for 3D imaging. Finally, we design and implement a complete experimental testbed and show high-quality 3D robotic through-wall imaging of unknown areas with less than 4% of measurements.
The Counseling Psychologist

Counseling psychologists face many approaches from which to choose when they conduct a qualitative research study. This article focuses on the processes of selecting, contrasting, and implementing five different qualitative approaches. Based on an extended example related to test interpretation by counselors, clients, and communities, this article provides a detailed discussion about five qualitative approaches— narrative research; case study research; grounded theory; phenomenology; and participatory action research—as alternative qualitative procedures useful in understanding test interpretation. For each approach, the authors offer perspectives about historical origins, definition, variants, and the procedures of research.
The Study Strategies of Successful and Unsuccessful High School Students

I examined the study strategies of successful and unsuccessful learners to determine if successful learners would differ in the quality of their information processing from unsuccessful learners. It was expected that good learners would use studying techniques requiring greater cognitive effort, such as notetaking, summarizing, and outlining. Three high school students in Grade 11 were studied as successful students; three unsuccessful students were studied as well. Each of the six participants was interviewed individually for a single, 1-hour session. During the session, students read and studied an article. A videotaped interview with the researcher followed reading and studying. The successful students were more active, purposeful, and flexible in their strategy use. Although the unsuccessful students were generally less efficient in their use of learning strategies, they were satisfied with their academic performance. That is, the unsuccessful students perceived themselves as successful learners, lacking self-knowledge of their inefficient strategy use.
Spinning Toronto's Golden Age: The Making of a ‘City that Worked’

In this paper I explore the key elements of the mode of regulation operating at the urban scale in Toronto's postwar period to learn what it was that inspired an entire generation of scholars to call Toronto the ‘city that works' in this period. Despite the significant amount of literature discussing the general character of regulation operating at the city-region scale in the Fordist or managerial period of urban development, it is argued that surprisingly little empirical research has actually documented what allegedly made these Fordist metropolitan regions ‘work‘. Drawing on archival research in addition to insights from Canadian applied regulation theory and from an analysis of Canada's changing fiscal federalism, I argue that, although Toronto did develop within the context of a Fordist regime of accumulation, the particular elements of the mode of regulation it developed at the urban scale were distinctive and important in providing the conditions underlying the economic success of the region. Toronto may have benefited disproportionately from national regulatory policies. However, its economic dynamism also constituted one of the cornerstones of the nation's economic and social viability. Further, its more localized regulatory structures and social context had a specific institutional and cultural richness, which, in concert with its highly developed economic structure, served to stave off many of the crisis tendencies being felt by other industrial regions in the 1970s and 1980s. One of the principal and unique institutional innovations was the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto (’Metro'), which can be regarded as a key (although hitherto underemphasized) component of the Canadian Fordist regime of accumulation. More than just a conduit through which nationally driven Keynesian welfare programs were delivered, Metro was also an innovator of unique urban-based postwar development policies. I conclude by demonstrating what this story of postwar Toronto can tell us more generally about urban government and governance under Fordism, and about the managerial paradigm and the regulation approach.