Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness, Assessment, and Transdiagnostic Processes

One of the most striking features of the rapidly growing literature reviewed by Brown, Ryan, and Creswell (2007, this issue) is the wide range of prob lems, disorders, and populations for which the prac tice of mindfulness appears to be helpful. Reductions in symptoms of psychopathology and distress, im provements in physical health, and enhanced func tioning in interpersonal relationships are among the many positive outcomes described in recent research. Teasdale, Segal, and Williams (2003) made a simi lar observation in a commentary on an earlier review of the outcomes of mindfulness training (Baer, 2003). Although the treatment literature was much smaller then, clinically useful effects had been shown for many specific disorders, as well as for mixed pop ulations treated in groups in which all participants received essentially the same intervention, regardless of their diagnoses. Teasdale et al. (2003) cautioned that clear articulation of a theoretical basis for ap plying mindfulness training to a specific problem is necessary to maximize the likelihood of a success ful outcome, and to understand why the intervention was helpful. They also acknowledged that mindful ness training might have widespread positive outcomes because it influences processes that are common to many disorders. Brown et al. (2007, this issue) have provided useful discussion of some of these potential processes, including metacognitive insight and exposure. Recent developments in the literature on transdiagnostic approaches to psychopathology provide additional promising avenues for understanding why mindfulness training is so broadly beneficial. An extensive body of empirical research on cognitive and behavioral pro cesses that are not specific to any particular disorder or problem, but instead appear to play an important role in maintaining a wide range of problems, has recently been reviewed (Harvey, Watkins, Mansell, & Shafran, 2004). In combination with research on the assessment of mindfulness, this literature provides some plausible hypotheses and preliminary evidence about how the practice of mindfulness may influence cognitive and behavioral processes that are central to many disorders. Examples will be described in later sections, following a brief discussion of developments in the assessment of mindfulness.
The Nature Of Client–Consultant Interaction: A Critical Review

In this paper, we analyse the complex interaction between professional advisors and their clients. Our aim is to summarize and critically review the relevant literature and to outline major directions for future research. There are three competing models that discuss the interaction between professional service providers and their clients: the expert model, the ‘reflective practitioner’ model and the critical model. After reviewing assumptions underlying these approaches as well as their contributions and shortcomings, we suggest that the key problem with these models is that they offer only partial insights into the relationship between clients and professional business service providers. Additionally, they have different epistemological foundations and, as such, they are incompatible. Building upon the existing research and our discussion, we outline the major issues of client-consultant interaction that future research needs to address in order to provide a multifaceted understanding of the client-consultant relationship.
Multiparty Equilibria under Proportional Representation

The purpose of this article is to define and to prove formally the existence of an equilibrium under proportional representation, as well as partially to characterize it. Specifically, let m be the quota that represents the minimal number of voters necessary for a candidate to be elected. We show that there is a set of elected candidates, each choosing an alternative and each receiving at least m votes, such that no other potential candidate, by offering an additional alternative, can secure at least m votes for himself. We then investigate the structure, at equilibrium, of the set of individuals who support a given candidate, as well as study stability properties of the equilibrium. We also provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the equilibrium to consist of a single candidate, thus generalizing Black's median-voter result.
Learning Methods for Sequential Decision Making with Imperfect Representations by Shivaram Kalyanakrishnan

Sequential decision making from experience, or reinforcement learning (RL), is a paradigm that is well-suited for agents seeking to optimize longterm gain as they carry out sensing, decision, and action in an unknown environment. RL tasks are commonly formulated as Markov Decision Problems (MDPs). Learning in finite MDPs enjoys several desirable properties, such as convergence, sample-efficiency, and the ability to realize optimal behavior. Key to achieving these properties is access to a perfect representation, under which the state and action sets of the MDP can be enumerated. Unfortunately, RL tasks encountered in the real world commonly suffer from state aliasing, and nearly always they demand generalization. As a consequence, learning in practice invariably amounts to learning with imperfect representations. In this dissertation, we examine the effect of imperfect representations on different classes of learning methods, and introduce techniques to improve their practical performance. We make four main contributions.
Control of Catalytic Flow Reversal Reactor

This paper deals with control of catalytic flow reversal reactors (CFRR) used for oxidation of greenhouse gases like methane. This system differs from conventional reactors as it is a discrete-event or hybrid system with the only available manipulated variable being the flow direction. For maintaining high conversion rate and safety reasons, closed loop control is required. We successfully implement and compare the performances of different techniques like logic control, scheduling and predictive control for safe operation of CFRR. We find that the performances of latter two schemes are almost equivalent
Resettling notions of social mobility: locating refugees as ‘educable’ and ‘employable’

The global movement of people alters our understandings of social mobility. Here, I draw on ethnographic data collected since January 2011 and utilize the notion of assemblage to document and analyze how disparate people, their material objects, and discursive practices are brought together to render refugees as educable, productive, and employable in the United States. I examine the adaptations that result when livelihood paths and educational opportunities become paradoxically diverse due to transnational migrations and are constrained by localized politico-economic environments. My findings complicate the assumption that formal education represents an enduring pathway or necessary precursor to upward social mobility. As refugees are required by resettling agents to become economically self-sufficient as soon as possible, formal education such as English-as-a-second-language courses can limit initial employment opportunities and narrowing families’ livelihood strategies upon resettlement, especially during the recent economic downturn.
Understanding talk: Directions from Bernstein's sociology

A theory must [not only] be capable of providing an explicit, unambiguous description of the objects of its analysis. [but it] must [also] . provide rules for their empirical recognition, description and modalities of realization. [T]he principles of description, . derived from the theory, must interact with the empirical contextual display so as to retain and translate the integrity of the display. bringing about a dynamic relation between theoretical and empirical levels. Ideally, the principles must have the potential of exhausting the possibilities. This means that they have the potential not only of describing imputed regularities to the displays but of showing their diversities. (Bernstein 1996: 93)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment

Part I: The Nature of ADHD. Barkley, History. Barkley, Primary Symptoms, Diagnostic Criteria, Prevalence, and Gender Differences. Barkley, Associated Cognitive, Developmental, and Health Problems. Barkley, Comorbid Disorders, Social and Family Adjustment, and Subtyping. Barkley, Etiologies. Barkley, ADHD in Adults: Developmental Course and Outcome of Children with ADHD, and ADHD in Clinic-referred Adults. Barkley, A Theory of ADHD. Part II: Assessment. Barkley, Edwards, Diagnostic Interview, Behavior Rating Scales, and the Medical Examination.Gordon, Barkley, Lovett, Tests and Observational Measures. Hathaway, Dooling-Litfin, Edwards, Integrating the Results of an Evaluation: Ten Clinical Cases. Murphy, Gordon, Assessment of Adults with ADHD. Part III: Treatment. Anastopoulos, Rhoads, Farley, Counseling and Training Parents. Cunningham, COPE: Large-group, Community-based, Family-centered Parent Training. Robin, Training Families with Adolescents with ADHD. Pfiffner, Barkley, DuPaul, Treatment of ADHD in School Settings. Cunningham, Cunningham, Student-mediated Conflict Resolution Programs. Connor, Stimulants. Spencer, Antidepressant and Specific Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Treatments. Connor, Other Medications. Smith, Barkley, Shapiro, Combined Child Therapies. Murphy, Psychological Counseling of Adults with ADHD. Prince, Wilens, Spencer, Biederman, Pharmacotherapy of ADHD in Adults.
A study of combined effect of yoga (yogic exercises, pranayama & meditation) on hyper-reactivity to cold pressor test in healthy individuals -

Background: Now a day, stress is dangerous & significant problems of World & affects physical, mental, behavioral, & emotional health. Yoga has been reported to control stress, to be beneficial in treating stress related disorders, improving autonomic functions, lower blood pressure, increase strength & flexibility of muscles, improve the sense of well being, slow ageing process, control breathing, reducing signs of oxidative stress & improving spiritual growth. Aims & Objective: The aim of present study was to investigate whether regular practice of Yoga for six months can reduce the cardiovascular hyper-reactivity induced by cold pressor test. Materials and methods: The study group comprised 75 healthy subjects of 25-45 years age group. Initially there were 27 hyperreactors to cold pressor test. The hyper-reactivity of 22 volunteers converted to hypo-reactivity after the yoga therapy of six months (81.48%). Other parameters like basal blood pressure, rise in blood pressure, pulse rate and rate of respiration were also statistically significantly reduced (by using student ‘t’ test) Results: Regular practice of yoga significantly reduces the cardiovascular hyper-reactivity in basal blood pressure, rise in blood pressure after one minute of cold stress, pulse rate, & rate of respiration, after six month of yoga practice. Conclusion: Regular practice of yoga for six months reduced the cardiovascular hyper-reactivity to cold pressor test in subjects, who were hyper reactive to cold stress, possibly by inducing parasympathetic predominance and cortico-hypothalamomedullary inhibition.
“Things Have Gotten Better”

Emerging adulthood involves a number of developmental changes, including in the areas of interpersonal relations, religious views, and sexuality. The current study examined individuals’ perceptions of changes in these areas as a result of the transition to university. Participants (N = 205, 61% female, age range 18 to 25) responded to open-ended questions about changes in their relationships with parents, religious views, and views about sex. These responses were coded for themes and positivity. Changes were most common in relationships with parents, and least in religious views. Associations were found between types of changes and year in school. Changes in all three areas were generally portrayed positively. Belief or quality changes were more common than behavioral changes.
A Review about Parenting Style and Parenting Practices and Their Consequences in Disabled and Non Disabled Children.

In order to explain the worst levels of adaptation showed by children with disabilities in relation to non disabled children, this paper aims to carry out a review of the most important advances achieved in recent decades in the study of parenting styles and parenting practices in relation to academic competence and behavior problems of children with and without disabilities. For this, we have carried out an analysis of the main works that show this relationship in the population, and then, we did the same including disability as a differentiating factor. In this sense, the authoritative style and specific parenting practices such as setting limits, communication, autonomy or monitoring are described as good predictors of adaptive behavior in children. However, we miss studies to confirm this relationship in children with disabilities. In this population, most of the papers refer, on the one hand, to expectations and, on the other hand, the stress in parenting and its effect on the parents’ mental health. In conclusion, the need to provide additional information about family relationships and disability is discussed.
Prospective randomized study of surgical morbidity following primary systemic therapy for breast cancer

The influence of primary systemic therapy in treating operable breast cancer on postmastectomy morbidity rates was investigated. The contribution of other risk factors was assessed by multiple logistic regression. Seventy‐nine eligible patients were randomly allocated, 39 to undergo immediate modified radical mastectomy, and 40 to receive initial cytotoxic or endocrine treatment followed by mastectomy. Postoperative wound seroma, infection and necrosis were recorded prospectively. Fourteen minor and six major complications occurred in 17 patients treated conventionally, while 14 patients developed 11 minor and six major complications after systemic therapy (P >0·4). Median hospital stay was 8 days for both groups. Age, smoking, immediate breast reconstruction and the type of primary systemic treatment given were not independent predictors of complication risk. Obesity emerged as a significant risk factor for postmastectomy complications (P = 0·015). Primary systemic therapy does not increase the rate of morbidity after mastectomy.
Relationships between Fathers and Children Who Live Apart: The Father's Role after Separation.

ponents of nonresident fathers' involvement with children: social contact, economic involvement, and participation in childrearing decisions. The analysis shows that fathers' involvement with children varies depending on the circumstances of the children's birth and their current living arrangements. Nevertheless, the data suggest stability in the definition of the father role after separation, when family characteristics are controlled. Just as fathers who live with their children spend time with them, provide for their material welfare, and exercise authority over them, fathers who live apart from their children combine these responsibilities. Fathers who visit are also more likely to pay child support and influence childrearing decisions. Notwithstanding the close correspondence among the three dimensions of paternal involvement, levels of involvement are low. Thus, for most children born outside of marriage or whose parents divorce, the father role is defined as much by omission as by commission.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Chromosome Abnormalities: A 13-Year Institution Experience

Objective: To analyze trends in screening and invasive prenatal diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities (CA) over a 13-year period and correlate them to changes in the national prenatal screening policy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed Down syndrome (DS) screening tests and fetal karyotypes obtained by prenatal invasive testing (IT) in our fetal medicine unit between January 1999 and December 2011. Results: A total of 24,226 prenatal screening tests for DS and 11,045 invasive procedures have been analyzed. Over a 13-year period, utilization of non-invasive screening methods has significantly increased from 57% to 89%. The percentage of invasive procedures has declined from 49% to 12%, although the percentage of IT performed for maternal anxiety has increased from 22% to 55%. The percentage of detected CA increased from 2.5% to 5.9%. Overall, 31 invasive procedures are needed to diagnose 1 abnormal case, being 23 procedures in medical indications and 241 procedures in non-medical indications. Conclusions: Our experience on screening and invasive prenatal diagnostic practice shows a decrease of the number of IT, with a parallel decline in medical indications. There is an increasing efficiency of prenatal screening program to detect CA. Despite the increasing screening policies, our population shows a growing request for prenatal IT. The a priori low risk population shows a not negligible residual risk for relevant CA. This observation challenges the current prenatal screening strategy focused on DS; showing that the residual risk is higher than the current cut-off used to indicate an invasive technique.
Corpus Based Classification of Text in Australian Contracts

Written contracts are a fundamental framework for commercial and cooperative transactions and relationships. Limited research has been published on the application of machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) to contracts. In this paper we report the classification of components of contract texts using machine learning and hand-coded methods. Authors studying a range of domains have found that combining machine learning and rule based approaches increases accuracy of machine learning. We find similar results which suggest the utility of considering leveraging hand coded classification rules for machine learning. We attained an average accuracy of 83.48% on a multi-class labeling task on 20 contracts combining machine learning and rule based approaches, increasing performance over machine learning alone.
Self-Reported Limitations and Future Directions in Scholarly Reports

The authors content analyzed self-reported limitations and directions for future research in 1,276 articles published between 1982 and 2007 in the Academy of Management Journal, Administrative Science Quarterly, the Journal of Applied Psychology, the Journal of Management, and the Strategic Management Journal. In order of frequency, the majority of self-reported limitations, as well as directions for future research, pertains to threats to internal, external, and construct validity issues, and there is a significant increase in the reporting of these elements over time. Longitudinal analyses revealed that some of these increases varied across management subfields (i.e., business policy and strategy, organizational behavior, organizational theory, and human resource management), indicating unique research contexts within some research domains. Based on the analyses of self-reported limitations and future research directions, the authors offer eight guidelines for authors, reviewers, and editors. These guidelines refer to the need for authors to report limitations and to use a separate section for them and the need for reviewers to list limitations in their evaluations of manuscripts; authors and reviewers should prioritize limitations, and authors should report them in a way that describes their consequences for the interpretation of results. The guidelines for directions for future research focus on positioning them as a starting point for future research endeavors and for the advancement of theoretical issues. The authors also offer recommendations on how to use limitations and future research directions for the training of researchers. It is hoped that the adoption of these proposed guidelines and recommendations will maximize their value so that they can serve as true catalysts for further scientific progress in the field of management.
Ophthalmic Factors in Developmental Coordination Disorder

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) occurs in a small number of children who present with impaired body/eye coordination. No study of ophthalmic function in DCD exists despite vision’s primary role in perception. Ocular performance was therefore assessed with a battery of tests. Five hundred children aged between 5 and 7 years were involved in the study. Diagnosis of DCD was confirmed for 29 children by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (ABC); 29 control children were randomly selected. Comprehensive examination with a battery of ophthalmic tests did not reveal any significant difference in visual status between the two groups. Strabismus was found in 5 children from both groups. All 5 children with strabismus from the DCD group showed a similar movement profile with the Motor Competence Checklist. While a causal relationship cannot be discounted, the presence of strabismus appears more likely to be a “hard” neurological sign of central damage common to this group. The evidence seems to i.
Science and Religion in the Context of Science Education

This paper describes a course which frames the symposium. I begin with a brief description of how the course works. I then discuss our rationale for selecting the four issues that frame the course, including a discussion of the reason for selecting such a narrow focus in the first place. The final section of this paper analyzes students changing intellectual positions on science and religion, using as data their final group products and two paired, identical assignments, which students did at the beginning and at the end of the course.
Psychological help-seeking attitudes of helping professional candidates and factors influencing them

This study was designed as descriptive to identify psychological help-seeking attitudes of helping professional candidates and factors influencing them. The research population consisted of 447 first and fourth grade students studying in the Departments of Psychological Counselling and Guidance, Psychology or Nursing at Ondokuz Mayis University. 365 of them who was reached, and accepted to participate in the research constituted the sample group. “Personal Information Form” and “Attitudes toward Seeking Psychological Help Scale” developed by Turkum (2004) to analyze psychological helpseeking attitudes were used as data collection tools. In data analysis, after descriptive analysis, the student t-test was applied to compare the mean values of two groups in normal distribution; analysis of variance (ANOVA) and factorial ANOVA were used to compare the mean values of more than two groups; and Tukey’s test was run for post hoc analysis. This research indicated that psychological help-seeking levels of helping professional candidates were statistically significant in terms of gender, department, and experience of receiving psychological help before, but not of grade. Thus, the findings derived from this study should be considered when planning activities related to psychological counselling for students in this group.
Modern Standard Thai Sign Language, Influence from ASL, and its Relationship to Original Thai Sign Varieties

It is known that vocabulary from North American Sign Language (ASL) was introduced into Thailand in the 1950’s and that ASL vocabulary has influenced varieties of Modern Standard Thai Sign Language (MSTSL) used in urban areas. To date, however, no one has attempted a systematic study of the extent of this influence or of the relationship of MSTSL to sign language varieties existing in Thailand prior to ASL influence. This paper reports the results of using techniques of historical-comparative linguistics to determine (a) the extent to which ASL has influenced basic vocabulary in MSTSL; and (b) the relationship of MSTSL to sign language varieties used in Thailand prior to ASL influence. Comparisons were made of published vocabulary data and also of videotaped signing of younger Bangkok signers and of older signers from Bangkok and Chiangmai.