Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Technology Adoption Model for Broadband Internet Adoption in India

Since 1980, corporations have spent nearly 50% of their revenue on technology, yet 50% of these new systems fail. The field of technology acceptance modeling posits that user acceptance is a root cause of these failures. Technology acceptance studies endeavor to determine the factors that lead users to adopt or reject a technology, but existing models have multiple weaknesses that impact their effectiveness and applicability. This study used enterprise system engineering principles to analyze and improve existing technology acceptance models, and proposed a new model that could be applied to disadvantaged user populations. The study analyzed information technology survey results from 338 firms across India and used the revised technology acceptance model to identify factors that were correlated to broadband internet use. The study found that relative advantage, process support infrastructure, relative cost, technology accessibility, and relevant knowledge were significantly correlated to broadband internet use, which supports the case for further research to integrate and improve this model.
Preexisting endothelial cells mediate cardiac neovascularization after injury

The mechanisms that promote the generation of new coronary vasculature during cardiac homeostasis and after injury remain a fundamental and clinically important area of study in the cardiovascular field. Recently, it was reported that mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition (MEndoT) contributes to substantial numbers of coronary endothelial cells after myocardial infarction. Therefore, the MEndoT has been proposed as a paradigm mediating neovascularization and is considered a promising therapeutic target in cardiac regeneration. Here, we show that preexisting endothelial cells mainly beget new coronary vessels in the adult mouse heart, with essentially no contribution from other cell sources through cell-lineage transdifferentiation. Genetic-lineage tracing revealed that cardiac fibroblasts expand substantially after injury, but do not contribute to the formation of new coronary blood vessels, indicating no contribution of MEndoT to neovascularization. Moreover, genetic-lineage tracing with a pulse-chase labeling strategy also showed that essentially all new coronary vessels in the injured heart are derived from preexisting endothelial cells, but not from other cell lineages. These data indicate that therapeutic strategies for inducing neovascularization should not be based on targeting presumptive lineage transdifferentiation such as MEndoT. Instead, preexisting endothelial cells appear more likely to be the therapeutic target for promoting neovascularization and driving heart regeneration after injury.
Auditor–client Interaction and Client Usefulness – A Swedish Case Study

This paper investigates the usefulness of the external audit to a listed client company. The research questions focus on what the auditors discovered, the subsequent auditor-client interaction, and the ways in which this was useful to the client company. The study proceeds from the management letters produced by the auditors in the period 1999-2001. On the basis of these reports, interviews were conducted with financial managers at different organisational levels. The data collection and analysis of the data follows a grounded theory approach. The results suggest that the usefulness of the audit to the client company was primarily linked to the way the management letters, and the auditor-client interaction related to the management letters, supported the clients management control system. Improved management control was achieved as a result of co-operation between the audit firm and the client company's central accounting and finance department, that put pressure on the subordinate units. The reported benefits for the client company must be weighed against potential threats to auditor independence, and the paper also includes empirical results that indicate risks of auditor dependency on the clients accounting and finance department.
INTER-GENERATION SOCIAL MOBILITY MODIFIES FRAMINGHAM RISK SCORE IN POLISH MIDDLE-AGED MEN, BUT NOT IN WOMEN

Summary In modern societies, there are regular social gradients in most health parameters, and also in the structure of morbidity and mortality. However, the significance of inter-generation social mobility for general health status still remains equivocal. This study was therefore performed in order to compare the effect of social mobility on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk between middle-aged Polish men and women. A total of 342 men and 458 women, aged 40 and 50 and inhabitants of Wrocław, were examined. Risk of CHD was estimated using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), calculated for each individual. Social mobility was defined as an inter-generation change in social status expressed as educational level between the examined individual and his/her father. Using two-variable regression models, it was demonstrated that FRS in men was determined by both their father’s education level (β=0·33, p<0·0001) and inter-generation change in educational status (β=0·18, p=0·008). In contrast, FRS in women was related only to their father’s education level (β=0·35, p<0·0001), but not to inter-generation social mobility (β=0·35, p=0·25). In particular, an incremental change in educational level among those men whose father had finished primary school at the very most or among those whose father had finished basic trade school was accompanied by a significant decrease in FRS (F=4·12, p=0·009 and F=3·25, p=0·04, respectively). It is concluded that inter-generation social mobility modifies CHD risk (as estimated using FRS) in middle-aged Polish men, but not in women. The precise mechanisms responsible for the observed sex difference in this phenomenon need to be established in further studies.
On Anomalous Localized Resonance for the Elastostatic System

We consider the anomalous localized resonance due to a plasmonic structure for the elastostatic system in R^2. The plasmonic structure takes a general core-shell-matrix form with the metamaterial located in the shell. If there is no core, we show that resonance occurs for a very broad class of sources. If the core is nonempty and of an arbitrary shape, we show that there exists a critical radius such that anomalous localized resonance (ALR) occurs. Our argument is based on a variational technique by making use of the primal and dual variational principles for the elastostatic system, along with the construction of suitable test functions.
MI(R), G(R) and British covert operations, 1939–42

The Military Intelligence (Research) department of the British War Office was tasked in 1940 with encouraging and supporting armed resistance in occupied Europe and the Axis-controlled Middle East. The major contention of this paper is that, in doing so, MI(R) performed a key role in British strategy in 1940–42 and in the development of what are now known as covert operations. MI(R) developed an organic, but coherent doctrine for such activity which was influential upon the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and its own sub-branch, G(R), which applied this doctrine in practice in East Africa and the Middle East in 1940–41. It was also here that a number of key figures in the development of covert operations and special forces first cut their teeth, the most notable being Major Generals Colin Gubbins and Orde Wingate.
Paradoxical glomerular filtration of carbon nanotubes

The molecular weight cutoff for glomerular filtration is thought to be 30–50 kDa. Here we report rapid and efficient filtration of molecules 10–20 times that mass and a model for the mechanism of this filtration. We conducted multimodal imaging studies in mice to investigate renal clearance of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) construct covalently appended with ligands allowing simultaneous dynamic positron emission tomography, near-infrared fluorescence imaging, and microscopy. These SWCNTs have a length distribution ranging from 100 to 500 nm. The average length was determined to be 200–300 nm, which would yield a functionalized construct with a molecular weight of ∼350–500 kDa. The construct was rapidly (t1/2 ∼ 6 min) renally cleared intact by glomerular filtration, with partial tubular reabsorption and transient translocation into the proximal tubular cell nuclei. Directional absorption was confirmed in vitro using polarized renal cells. Active secretion via transporters was not involved. Mathematical modeling of the rotational diffusivity showed the tendency of flow to orient SWCNTs of this size to allow clearance via the glomerular pores. Surprisingly, these results raise questions about the rules for renal filtration, given that these large molecules (with aspect ratios ranging from 100:1 to 500:1) were cleared similarly to small molecules. SWCNTs and other novel nanomaterials are being actively investigated for potential biomedical applications, and these observations—that high aspect ratio as well as large molecular size have an impact on glomerular filtration—will allow the design of novel nanoscale-based therapeutics with unusual pharmacologic characteristics.
Revenue Non-Equivalence between Auctions With Soft and Hard Closing Mechanisms: New Evidence from Yahoo!

We use a unique dataset to examine the revenue differences between auctions with a hard-close ending rule versus those with a soft-close ending rule. We find that selling items using the soft-close rule increases the selling price by an amount between $25 and $44 (or 13–20 percent) over the hard-close format. One possible theoretical explanation for these results is that the hard-close ending rule accommodates the practice of sniping, which leads to a lower expected selling price. We find empirically that a lack of experience could help to explain why, in spite of the revenue differences, some sellers select the hard-close ending rule.
Consumer Perceptions of Financial Risk

by Stephen Diacon and Christine Ennew1. IntroductionRisk perceptions are important in an environment where individual actors have limitedinformation and are rational only to a certain extent, and where there is no universally agreedunderstanding of how risk should be conceptualized or measured. The market for personalﬁnancial services provides a prime example of such an environment. This paper presents theresults of a detailed investigation of the factors that characterize the perceived risk invariouspersonal ﬁnancial services, pensions, life insurance and banking products currently availableto individual savers in the United Kingdom.This analysis of ﬁnancial risk perceptions is based on the well-known psychometricparadigm and uses psychometric scaling methods to produce quantitative measures ofperceived risk and beneﬁt.
International Institutions and Domestic Politics: Can Preferential Trading Agreements Help Leaders Promote Economic Reform?

How do domestic politics influence the formation of international institutions, and how do international institutions shape domestic politics? These questions cannot be answered in isolation because national leaders form and join international institutions to advance their domestic interests. We illuminate the relationship between international institutions and domestic politics by analyzing whether preferential trading agreements (PTAs) promote liberal economic reform. In developing countries, leaders engage in PTA negotiations with major powers (European Union and United States) when these leaders want to implement reforms but cannot do so due to domestic political opposition and a lack of credible commitment. PTA negotiations promote economic reform by enabling credible commitment and allowing the leader to condition the implementation of the PTA on liberal policies.
Family businesses: their virtues, vices, and strategic path

Family businesses are a powerhouse of the US economy. Some of the largest businesses in and outside the US are family controlled. Family businesses significantly out perform non‐family businesses. So how to learn from their strengths? Paradoxically, many of their outstanding strengths are also their profound weaknesses. This article examines the virtues and vices of family businesses, explains how to leverage their strengths and diminish the vices, and offers recommendations for a strategic approach for management.
The Limited Relevance of the Multiple IRRs

We find that the incidence of multiple internal rate of return (IRR) pitfalls are rare. This might partially explain the widespread use of IRRs by practitioners. When a project's cash flow has only two sign variations, the IRR rule is simple. For analyzing the case of three or more sign variations in the cash flow, we assume a non-negative sum of the future anticipated cash flows. Given this assumption, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for an investment's cash flows with three or more sign variations to have multiple IRR solutions. Based on these conditions we show that the confusing multiple IRR solutions are only possible under unrealistic large fluctuations of the cash flows.
Relation between Franking Credits and the Market Risk Premium: A Comment

Based on the Officer (1994) model, Gray and Hall (2006) derive a relation between franking credits and the market risk premium. On the basis of this relation, the authors show that traditional estimates of the value of franking credits imply dividend yields that are inconsistent with historical equity market data. This inconsistency arises from assumptions about the franking credit payout ratio and the value of franking credits retained. With less than a 100 per cent payout ratio some franking credits are retained within the firm. Assuming that the retained franking credits have no value leads to the inconsistency in dividend yields. Current practice in the application of Officer's model makes this assumption and, therefore, leads to inconsistent results. Gray and Hall suggest resolving the inconsistency by setting the value of all franking credits to zero. An alternative solution is to recognize that retained franking credits might have a positive value.
Intracellular localization of fibronectin using immunoperoxidase cytochemistry in light and electron microscopy.

An immunocytochemical staining method for light and electron microscopy was developed to permit adequate penetration of staining conjugates with high specificity, while preserving acceptable ultrastructure. For this purpose an indirect immunoperoxidase method with Staphylococcal protein A-peroxidase conjugates was used in the presence of saponin on aldehyde-saponin-fixed cells. As the first application, fibronectin was localized intracellularly in human embryonic skin fibroblasts. Fibronectin was detected in large amounts in the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and in 200 nm (secretory? ) vesicles. Little fibronectin was present in the Golgi complex; the stacked Golgi cisternae were conspicuously devoid of this protein. The 200 nm vesicles were mostly distributed on the mature side of the Golgi apparatus. These results indicate that fibronectin is exclusively localized to intracellular structures involved in secretory function and suggest that fibronectin may not be processed in significant amounts within the cisternal stacks of the Golgi complex.
A NOTE ON DECREASING ABSOLUTE RISK AVERSION AMONG FARMERS IN NEPAL

Attitudes toward risk are explored for a sample of rice growers on small farms in Nepal, in the context of the subjective expected utility maximisation model. Farmers are found to be generally averse to risk, with diverse levels of absolute risk aversion that tend to diminish as wealth increases, both for individuals and in a cross-sectional sense. Relative risk aversion is argued to be the most comparable measure for contrasts of attitudes toward risk.
Financial industry mobilisation and securities markets regulation in Europe

The 2007–2009 financial crisis has led to considerable debate about the role of financial industry actors in global regulatory processes. This article seeks to contribute to this debate by assessing when and why financial industry actors mobilise in order to influence securities markets regulations. Do these mobilisation patterns suggest undue influence by a small set of powerful industry actors, or do they reflect the engagement of a more diverse set of actors representing broader public interests? It is argued that variation in mobilisation patterns is a function of: (1) institutional opportunity (the openness and acces-sibility of regulatory politics); and (2) demonstration effects (how crises increase the salience of regulatory issues). Empirical analyses suggest that the financial crisis diminished the diversity of mobilising actors. This trend, however, is reversed when the news media disseminate information about the costs of weak financial regulation and thereby increase the salience of regulatory issues
A STUDY OF PREDICTORS AND LEVELS OF BURNOUT: THE CASE OF PROFESSIONAL NURSES IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN THE FREE STATE1

In South Africa, nurses form the backbone of the primary health care (PHC) system. Their well-being is, therefore, of paramount importance in the effective provisioning of health services. This paper explores predictors and levels of burnout experienced by professional nurses working in PHC facilities in the Free State. The sample comprised 182 nurses working in facilities rendering antiretroviral treatment (ART) services and 361 nurses working in facilities not rendering ART. Respondents completed a series of standardised instruments. Descriptive statistics were calculated and stepwise regression analysis performed to investigate the relative contribution of various stressors to the variance in burnout. High levels of burnout were identified. Availability of resources, workload and conflict at work explain 21% of the variance in the level of emotional exhaustion reported by the professional nurses. To a large degree, the results indicate that the well-being of professional nurses is significantly affected by chronic work overload and occupational stress.
Effect of Working Capital on Profitability of Selected Quoted Firms in Nigeria

The article examines the relation between working capital management and profitability for a sample of 66 Nigerian non-financial firms for the period 1997–2007. Trade credit policy and inventory policy are measured by number of days accounts receivable, accounts payable and inventories; and the cash conversion cycle (CCC) is used as a comprehensive measure of working capital management. The results suggest that firm’s profitability is reduced by lengthening the number of days accounts receivable, number of days of inventory and number of days accounts payable. The result shows that shortening the CCC improves the profitability of the firms.
Mandated RFID and Institutional Responses: Cases of Decentralized Business Units

Using a theory‐building approach based on case studies, this research explores the responses of four decentralized business units to institutional pressure to adopt Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) technology. The institutional pressure emanates from the Department of Defense, and the affected decentralized business units operate in a large defense contractor. Institutional theory explains how organizations respond to external pressures to adopt new procedures, policies, and technologies. The case studies show how business units vary in their response to the RFID mandate and how different internal dynamics manifest. The responses range from complying faithfully, primarily concerned with satisfying the external constituent, to completely ignoring the mandate and focusing on internal efficiency initiative utilizing RFID. A number of propositions are developed to better understand the organizational responses to exogenous pressure to implement RFID. The paper concludes by proposing future research directions and issues that must be considered further.
Regression Analysis of Marketing Time Series: A Wavelet Approach with Some Frequency Domain Insights

Regression analysis with time series data is frequently used in marketing research. However, despite its popularity and ease of interpretation it cannot provide any information regarding the relations between marketing time series over different frequencies. This article proposes a new research tool, wavelet analysis, that when incorporated in regression analysis can provide some frequency domain insights about the effectiveness of marketing instruments over different cycles. In addition, by adopting appropriate regression-modeling techniques, wavelets can provide increased estimation and prediction accuracy of marketing causal effects.
The influence of graded hyperglycemia with and without physiological hyperinsulinemia on forearm glucose uptake and other metabolic responses in man.

We studied the influence of hyperglycemia on glucose homeostasis in man by determining the effect of graded hyperglycemia on peripheral glucose uptake and systemic metabolism in the presence of basal and increased serum insulin concentrations in 10 normal men. This was achieved by the simultaneous application of forearm and clamp techniques (euglycemic and hyperglycemic) during the combined iv infusion of somatostatin, glucagon, and insulin. While mean (+/- SE) basal serum insulin levels (14 +/- 2 microU/ml) were maintained, the elevation of fasting arterial glucose concentrations (90 +/- 1 mg/dl) to 146 +/- 1 and 202 +/- 1 mg/dl (each for 120 min) increased forearm glucose uptake (FGU) only modestly from 0.06 +/- 0.01 to 0.15 +/- 0.02 and then to 0.24 +/- 0.03 mg/100 ml forearm X min, respectively. During physiological hyperinsulinemia (47 +/- 3 microU/ml), the influence of similar graded hyperglycemia on FGU was considerably enhanced. At plasma glucose concentrations of 90 +/- 1, 139 +/- 1, and 206 +/- 1 mg/dl, FGU rose to 0.33 +/- 0.05, 0.59 +/- 0.07, and 0.83 +/- 0.12 mg/100 ml forearm X min, respectively. The glucose infusion rate required to maintain the glucose clamp with basal insulin levels was 1.08 +/- 0.20 and 2.67 +/- 0.39 mg/kg X min at glucose concentrations of 146 +/- 1 and 202 +/- 1 mg/dl, respectively. During physiological hyperinsulinemia, however, the glucose infusion rate required was 4.15 +/- 0.39, 9.45 +/- 1.05, and 12.70 +/- 0.81 mg/kg X min at glucose levels of 90 +/- 1, 139 +/- 1, and 206 +/- 1 mg/dl, respectively. Lactate concentrations rose significantly during hyperglycemia, but the rise in the presence of increased insulin concentrations (from 0.72 +/- 0.06 to 1.31 +/- 0.11 mmol/liter; P less than 0.001) considerably exceeded the increment (from 0.74 +/- 0.05 to 0.92 +/- 0.03 mmol/liter) with basal insulin levels. While both FFA and glycerol concentrations were immediately reduced by euglycemic hyperinsulinemia, the fall in FFA during hyperglycemia in the presence of basal insulin levels preceded the decrease in glycerol concentrations by 45 min. Forearm oxygen consumption did not change throughout the study. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)