Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges of the Circular Economy: A Material, Metallurgical, and Product Design Perspective

Circular economy's (CE) noble aims maximize resource efficiency (RE) by, for example, extending product life cycles and using wastes as resources. Modern society's vast and increasing amounts of waste and consumer goods, their complexity, and functional material combinations are challenging the viability of the CE despite various alternative business models promising otherwise. The metallurgical processing of CE-enabling technologies requires a sophisticated and agile metallurgical infrastructure. The challenges of reaching a CE are highlighted in terms of, e.g., thermodynamics, transfer processes, technology platforms, digitalization of the processes of the CE stakeholders, and design for recycling (DfR) based on a product (mineral)-centric approach, highlighting the limitations of material-centric considerations. Integrating product-centric considerations into the water, energy, transport, heavy industry, and other smart grid systems will maximize the RE of future smart sustainable cities, providing the fundamental detail for realizing and innovating the United Nation's Sustainability Development Goals.
Revenue Management: Research Overview and Prospects

This survey reviews the forty-year history of research on transportation revenue management (also known as yield management). We cover developments in forecasting, overbooking, seat inventory control, and pricing, as they relate to revenue management, and suggest future research directions. The survey includes a glossary of revenue management terminology and a bibliography of over 190 references.
Correlations between holo-transcobalamin II, holo-haptocorrin, and total B12 in serum samples from healthy subjects and patients.

AIMS--To study the correlations between total vitamin B12(B12), holo-haptocorrin, and holo-transcobalamin II (holo-TCII) concentrations in human sera; the association between reduced holo-TCII concentrations and macrocytosis attributable to B12 deficiency. METHODS--Serum samples from 38 healthy volunteers, 113 patients with normal total serum B12 concentrations and 93 patients with low total serum B12 were studied. Holo-TCII was removed from whole serum by adsorption with amorphous precipitated silica, and both whole serum and adsorbed serum were assayed for B12 using the Becton Dickinson vitamin B12 [57Co] radioassay kit. RESULTS--In all three groups of subjects studied there were strong correlations between the logarithms of the total serum B12 and the holo-haptocorrin concentrations with regression coefficients between 0.884 and 0.967. By contrast, the correlations between the logarithms of the total serum B12 and holo-TCII concentrations were weaker, especially in the patients with normal or low total serum B12, for whom the regression coefficients were 0.491 and 0.391, respectively. Analysis of the clinical records of a proportion of the patients studied indicated that there were many more patients with low holo-TCII concentrations than with haematological disturbances related to B12 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS--The total serum B12 concentration is a relatively poor indicator of holo-TCII concentrations and, therefore, of the ability of serum to deliver B12 to tissues. Additional information regarding B12 values can therefore be gleaned from measuring holo-TCII concentrations in the serum. Low holo-TCII concentrations, however, are an early sign of negative B12 balance and are frequently unassociated with haematological abnormalities caused by B12 deficiency.
Prevalence of selected infectious disease agents in stray cats in Catalonia, Spain

Objectives The objective of the current study was to investigate the prevalence rates of the following infectious agents in 116 stray cats in the Barcelona area of Spain: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella species, Borrelia burgdorferi, Chlamydia felis, Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia species, feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), feline leukaemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), haemoplasmas, Mycoplasma species and Rickettsia species. Methods Serum antibodies were used to estimate the prevalence of exposure to A phagocytophilum, Bartonella species, B burgdorferi, Ehrlichia species and FIV; serum antigens were used to assess for infection by D immitis and FeLV; and molecular assays were used to amplify nucleic acids of Anaplasma species, Bartonella species, C felis, D immitis, Ehrlichia species, FCV, FHV-1, haemoplasmas, Mycoplasma species and Rickettsia species from blood and nasal or oral swabs. Results Of the 116 cats, 63 (54.3%) had evidence of infection by Bartonella species, FeLV, FIV or a haemoplasma. Anaplasma species, Ehrlichia species or Rickettsia species DNA was not amplified from these cats. A total of 18/116 cats (15.5%) were positive for FCV RNA (six cats), Mycoplasma species DNA (six cats), FHV-1 DNA (three cats) or C felis DNA (three cats). Conclusions and relevance This study documents that shelter cats in Catalonia are exposed to many infectious agents with clinical and zoonotic significance, and that flea control is indicated for cats in the region.
Conclusive Identification of the Oxybutynin-Hydrolyzing Enzyme in Human Liver

The aim of this study was to conclusively determine the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of oxybutynin in human liver. Hydrolysis in human liver microsomes (HLMs) and human liver cytosol (HLC) followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with similar Km values. In recombinant human carboxylesterase (CES)-expressing microsomes, CES1 was much more efficient than CES2 and yielded a Km value more comparable with that found in HLMs or HLC than did CES2. A correlation analysis using a set of individual HLMs, in which both CESs acted independently showed that the hydrolysis rate of oxybutynin, correlated significantly with a CES1 marker reaction, clopidogrel hydrolysis, but not with a CES2 marker reaction, irinotecan (CPT-11) hydrolysis. Chemical inhibition studies using bis-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate, clopidogrel, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, procainamide, physostigmine, and loperamide revealed that the effects of these compounds in HLMs, HLC, and recombinant CES1-expressing microsomes were similar, whereas those in CES2-expressing microsomes were clearly different. These results strongly suggest that CES1, rather than CES2, is the principal enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of oxybutynin in human liver.
Instantaneous Exhaust Temperature Measurements Using Thermocouple Compensation Techniques

This paper discusses a method of measuring the instantaneous exhaust gas temperature by thermocouples. Measuring the exhaust gas temperature is useful for a better understanding of engine processes. Thermocouples do not measure the instantaneous exhaust gas temperature because of their limited dynamic response. A thermocouple compensation technique has been developed to estimate the time constant in situ. This method has been commissioned in a simulation study and a controlled experiment with a reference temperature. The studies have shown that the signal bandwidth has to be restricted, since noise will be amplified in the temperature reconstruction. The technique has been successfully applied to some engine exhaust measurements. A comparison between two independent pairs of thermocouples has shown that temperature variations at frequencies up to 80Hz can be recovered. The medium load results agree with a previous study, which used fast response thermometers with a bandwidth of about 50 Hz. However, the results at low load and two different speeds have highlighted the need to do some 1-D unsteady flow simulations, in order to gain more insight into the exhaust process.
Ability of the Listeria monocytogenes Strain Scott A To Cause Systemic Infection in Mice Infected by the Intragastric Route

ABSTRACT Listeriosis is an important food-borne disease that causes high rates of morbidity and mortality. For reasons that are not clear, most large outbreaks of human listeriosis involve Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b. Relatively little is known about the pathogenesis of listeriosis following gastrointestinal exposure to food-borne disease isolates of L. monocytogenes. In the present study, we investigated the pathogenesis of systemic infection by the food-borne isolate Scott A in an intragastric (i.g.) mouse challenge model. We found that the severity of infection with L. monocytogenes Scott A was increased in mice made neutropenic by administration of monoclonal antibody RB6-8C5. This observation was similar to a previous report on a study with the laboratory strain L. monocytogenes EGD. Prior administration of sodium bicarbonate did not enhance the virulence of L. monocytogenes strain Scott A for i.g. inoculated mice. Following i.g. inoculation of mice, two serotype 4b strains of L. monocytogenes (Scott A and 101M) achieved a greater bacterial burden in the spleen and liver and elicited more severe histopathological damage to those organs than did a serotype 1/2a strain (EGD) and a serotype 1/2b stain (CM). Of the four strains tested, only strain CM exhibited poor survival in synthetic gastric fluid in vitro. The other three strains exhibited similar patterns of survival at pHs of greater than 5 and relatively rapid (<30 min) loss of viability at pHs of less than 5.0. Growth of L. monocytogenes Scott A at temperatures of 12.5 to 37°C did not affect its ability to cause systemic infection in i.g. inoculated mice. These observations suggest that the serotype 4b L. monocytogenes strains Scott A and 101M possess one or more virulence determinants that make them better able to cause systemic infection following inoculation via the g.i. tract than do the serotype 1/2 strains EGD and CM.
Weight Bias: Nature, Consequences, and Remedies

K.D. BROWNELL, R.M. PUHL, M.B. SCHWARTZ, L. RUDD, (eds): Weight Bias: Nature, Consequences, and Remedies. The Guilford Press: New York. 2005, 320 pp., $35.00, ISBN 1593851995 Weight Bias focuses on what the authors suggest is the last accepted arena of discrimination, obesity. The field of obesity research has come a long way since Theodore B. Van Itallie produced his original research on metabolism and Albert Stunkard's oriented the profession, as well as the public, to the unspoken emotional pain of the obese in the Pain of Obesity. These historic giants in the field laid the groundwork for the present-day centers of excellence in the field of obesity research. With Weight Bias, Brownell et al have taken on the enormous challenge of producing a substantial work on the stigma and bias surrounding obesity. The book successfully demonstrates that although overweight and obesity are linked to a long list of diseases, what is generally not recognized is the extent to which stigma, bias, and discrimination affect the health of obese individuals. This is an important book. It's wide scope, which provides a history of the field of obesity research from the 1960s to the present, may be its weakness as well as its strength. That being said, it is a thought-provoking work, which will inform the public as well as anyone working in this field. The twenty-two chapters in the book are divided into four Parts: "The Nature and Extent of Weight Bias"; "Origins, Explanations and Measurements"; "Consequences of Weight Bias"; and "Remedies". Part I demonstrates the prevalence of weight bias in employment, health care settings, the media, and among children and teens. Janna Fikkan and Esther Rothblum supply ample evidence of weight bias in hiring, pay equity, and other work-related areas, and the book provides an extensive examination of the legal ramifications of making "excess fat" a legal disability. In a discussion of health care workers in health care settings, Anthony Fabricatore, Thomas Wadden, and Gary Foster describe the inadvertent, insidious collaboration between patient and physician surrounding weight loss issues, which occurs in the transference and countertransference of the relationship. The suggested scenario goes something like this: A patient is told to lose weight. When the patient does not follow through, the health care provider becomes less invested in the patient, who in turn becomes discouraged. Fabricatore & Wadden emphasize that it is inappropriate and inaccurate to assume that obese individuals must also have some form of psychopathology, raising the age-old question: Is obesity a psychosomatic illness? They argue that top experts in the obesity field deem genetic, rather than psychological factors, and lack of physical activity to be the primary causes of obesity. The latter chapters of Part I grapple with the emotional fallout of obesity in children and teens in a society where thinness is cherished. Part II is a rather lackluster, if informative, examination of the origins of the stigma in obesity. …
Preschool Bullying: Does it Exist, What Does it Look Like, and What Can be Done?

Bullying is a nationwide problem happening in our schools, homes, and workplaces. There have been numerous studies conducted to find out causes of bullying, prevention methods, and effects of bullying in children and adults. All of these studies have looked at children in kindergarten or older. This qualitative study had the goal of determining if bullying was happening in the preschool-age group, and if so, what was currently being done about it. In-person interviews and focus groups were done with seven preschool teachers. Through these interviews it was determined that bullying does happen as early as preschool and that there is no curriculum or consistency in how it is handled from center to center or even teacher to teacher. Implications of this research show a need for both bullying-prevention and language-development curriculum in preschools. Another implication is that teachers stated they specifically need social workers involvement in preventions and interventions. Finally, this research found the need for nation-wide polices and language surrounding bullying starting in preschool. Preschool Bullying Humphrey 3
Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay of the RNA component of human telomerase using the TaqMan fluorogenic detection system

We established the validity of a quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay for the RNA component of human telomerase (hTR), using the TaqMan fluorogenic detection system. Using this assay, we quantified hTR expression in two human pancreatic cancer cell lines, ASPC-1 and MIAPaCa-2. Our results indicated that hTR expression in MIAPaCa-2 was 1.99-fold higher than that in ASPC-1 cells. This TaqMan RT-PCR assay appears to be useful in determining the amount of hTR in clinical specimens.
The psychotherapy of drug dependence: changes in core conflictual relationship themes

iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1 Drug dependence 1 Relationship patterns 4 Changes in relationship patterns Pervasiveness as an index of change Valence as an index of change Harmony as an index of change Wishes in relationship patterns 15
APISan: Sanitizing API Usages through Semantic Cross-Checking

API misuse is a well-known source of bugs. Some of them (e.g., incorrect use of SSL API, and integer overflow of memory allocation size) can cause serious security vulnerabilities (e.g., man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, and privilege escalation). Moreover, modern APIs, which are large, complex, and fast evolving, are error-prone. However, existing techniques to help finding bugs require manual effort by developers (e.g., providing specification or model) or are not scalable to large real-world software comprising millions of lines of code. In this paper, we present APIS AN , a tool that automatically infers correct API usages from source code without manual effort. The key idea in APIS AN is to extract likely correct usage patterns in four different aspects (e.g., causal relation, and semantic relation on arguments) by considering semantic constraints. APIS AN is tailored to check various properties with security implications. We applied APIS AN to 92 million lines of code, including Linux Kernel, and OpenSSL, found 76 previously unknown bugs, and provided patches for all the bugs.
Claudin-11/OSP-based Tight Junctions of Myelin Sheaths in Brain and Sertoli Cells in Testis

Members of the newly identified claudin gene family constitute tight junction (TJ) strands, which play a pivotal role in compartmentalization in multicellular organisms. We identified oligodendrocyte-specific protein (OSP) as claudin-11, a new claudin family member, due to its sequence similarity to claudins as well as its ability to form TJ strands in transfected fibroblasts. Claudin-11/OSP mRNA was expressed in the brain and testis. Immunofluorescence microscopy with anti–claudin-11/OSP polyclonal antibody (pAb) and anti-neurofilament mAb revealed that in the brain claudin-11/OSP-positive linear structures run in a gentle spiral around neurofilament-positive axons. At the electron microscopic level, these linear structures were identified as the so-called interlamellar strands in myelin sheaths of oligodendrocytes. In testis, well-developed TJ strands of Sertoli cells were specifically labeled with anti–claudin-11/OSP pAb both at immunofluorescence and electron microscopic levels. These findings indicated that the interlamellar strands of oligodendrocyte myelin sheaths can be regarded as a variant of TJ strands found in many other epithelial cells, and that these strands share a specific claudin species, claudin-11/OSP, with those in Sertoli cells to create and maintain the repeated compartments around axons by oligodendrocytes.
Observing the Progressive Decoherence of the "Meter" in a Quantum Measurement.

A mesoscopic superposition of quantum states involving radiation fields with classically distinct phases was created and its progressive decoherence observed. The experiment involved Rydberg atoms interacting one at a time with a few photon coherent fields trapped in a high {ital Q} microwave cavity. The mesoscopic superposition was the equivalent of an {open_quote}{open_quote}atom+measuringapparatus{close_quote}{close_quote} system in which the {open_quote}{open_quote}meter{close_quote}{close_quote} was pointing simultaneously towards two different directions{emdash}a {open_quote}{open_quote}Schr{umlt o}dinger cat. {close_quote}{close_quote} The decoherence phenomenon transforming this superposition into a statistical mixture was observed while it unfolded, providing a direct insight into a process at the heart of quantum measurement. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
Pairwise Orthogonal Transform for Spectral Image Coding

Spectral transforms are widely used for the codification of remote-sensing imagery, with the Karhunen-Loêve transform (KLT) and wavelets being the two most common transforms. The KLT presents a higher coding performance than the wavelets. However, it also carries several disadvantages: high computational cost and memory requirements, difficult implementation, and lack of scalability. In this paper, we introduce a novel transform based on the KLT, which, while obtaining a better coding performance than the wavelets, does not have the mentioned disadvantages of the KLT. Due to its very small amount of side information, the transform can be applied in a line-based scheme, which particularly reduces the transform memory requirements. Extensive experimental results are conducted for the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer and Hyperion images, both for lossy and lossless and in combination with various hyperspectral coders. The results of the effects on Reed Xiaoli anomaly detection and k-means clustering are also included. The theoretical and experimental evidences suggest that the proposed transform might be a good replacement for the wavelets as a spectral decorrelator in many of the situations where the KLT is not a suitable option.
ReferItGame: Referring to Objects in Photographs of Natural Scenes

In this paper we introduce a new game to crowd-source natural language referring expressions. By designing a two player game, we can both collect and verify referring expressions directly within the game. To date, the game has produced a dataset containing 130,525 expressions, referring to 96,654 distinct objects, in 19,894 photographs of natural scenes. This dataset is larger and more varied than previous REG datasets and allows us to study referring expressions in real-world scenes. We provide an in depth analysis of the resulting dataset. Based on our findings, we design a new optimization based model for generating referring expressions and perform experimental evaluations on 3 test sets.
Severe 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) intoxication: Insights into the measurement of hepatic cytochrome P450 1A2 induction *

The correct in vivo quantification of aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐mediated induction of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) in humans is a long‐standing question. We compared the performance of several modifications of the caffeine test for measurement of CYP1A2 activity in subjects with exceptionally high, low, or absent enzyme induction.
The measurement of juveniles' competence related abilities

Juveniles’ right to be competent to stand trial has been increasingly recognized since In re Gault (1967) granted juveniles essential due process rights. One formulation of competence proposes two facets: competence to assist counsel (e.g., understanding the roles of legal actors, the adversarial system,) and decisional competence (Bonnie, 1992). The first goal of this project was to investigate the psychometric properties and relevant correlates of one instrument to assess competence to assist counsel, the Competence Assessment for Standing Trial for Defendants with Mental Retardation (CAST-MR; this study used only the first two scales). Results indicated acceptable internal consistency, although concerns were raised regarding the appropriateness of some items. Scores were related to age and intelligence, as in prior research. No relationship was found with most mental health scale scores, prior legal system involvement, contact with defense counsel, or learning problems. The second goal of the study centered on decisional competence and the role of immaturity; specifically whether age is associated with immature judgment (assessed using the Judgment in Legal Contexts instrument) and if immature judgment predicts decisions made about one’s own case. The current study found few significant relationships between age or intelligence and variables coded from the JILC (including authority compliance, risk recognition, risk appraisal, future recognition, resistance to peer influence). Additionally, age and the perceived strength of evidence were not predictive of individuals’ decisions to confess, to fully disclose to defense counsel, or to accept a plea bargain. Juveniles who had confessed scored higher on future recognition, those who fully disclosed to their attorney scored lower on authority