Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Divergent selection along climatic gradients in a rare central European endemic species, Saxifraga sponhemica

Background and Aims The effects of habitat fragmentation on quantitative genetic variation in plant populations are still poorly known. Saxifraga sponhemica is a rare endemic of Central Europe with a disjunct distribution, and a stable and specialized habitat of treeless screes and cliffs. This study therefore used S. sponhemica as a model species to compare quantitative and molecular variation in order to explore (1) the relative importance of drift and selection in shaping the distribution of quantitative genetic variation along climatic gradients; (2) the relationship between plant fitness, quantitative genetic variation, molecular genetic variation and population size; and (3) the relationship between the differentiation of a trait among populations and its evolvability. Methods Genetic variation within and among 22 populations from the whole distribution area of S. sponhemica was studied using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers, and climatic variables were obtained for each site. Seeds were collected from each population and germinated, and seedlings were transplanted into a common garden for determination of variation in plant traits. Key Results In contrast to previous results from rare plant species, strong evidence was found for divergent selection. Most population trait means of S. sponhemica were significantly related to climate gradients, indicating adaptation. Quantitative genetic differentiation increased with geographical distance, even when neutral molecular divergence was controlled for, and QST exceeded FST for some traits. The evolvability of traits was negatively correlated with the degree of differentiation among populations (QST), i.e. traits under strong selection showed little genetic variation within populations. The evolutionary potential of a population was not related to its size, the performance of the population or its neutral genetic diversity. However, performance in the common garden was lower for plants from populations with reduced molecular genetic variation, suggesting inbreeding depression due to genetic erosion. Conclusions The findings suggest that studies of molecular and quantitative genetic variation may provide complementary insights important for the conservation of rare species. The strong differentiation of quantitative traits among populations shows that selection can be an important force for structuring variation in evolutionarily important traits even for rare endemic species restricted to very specific habitats.
Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains in intensive care units of multiple Mediterranean hospitals.

1. Yanagisawa T, Lee JT, Wu HC et al. Relationship of protein structure of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase with pseudomonic acid resistance of Escherichia coli. A proposed mode of action of pseudomonic acid as an inhibitor of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 24304–9. 2. Morton TM, Johnston JL, Patterson J et al. Characterization of a conjugative staphylococcal mupirocin resistance plasmid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39: 1272–80. 3. Cookson BD. The emergence of mupirocin resistance: a challenge to infection control and antibiotic prescribing practice. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998; 41: 11–8. 4. Schmitz FJ, Lindenlauf E, Hofmann B et al. The prevalence of lowand high-level mupirocin resistance in staphylococci from 19 European hospitals. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998; 42: 489–95. 5. Anthony RM, Connor AM, Power EGM et al. Use of the polymerase chain reaction for rapid detection of high-level mupirocin resistance in staphylococci. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999; 18: 30–4. 6. Oliveira DC, de Lencastre H. Multiplex PCR strategy for rapid identification of structural types and variants of the mec element in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 2155–61.
Comment on "Redefining the Age of Clovis: Implications for the Peopling of the Americas"

Waters and Stafford (Reports, 23 February 2007, p. 1122) provided useful information about the age of some Clovis sites but have not definitively established the temporal span of this cultural complex in the Americas. Only a continuing program of radiometric dating and careful stratigraphic correlations can address the lingering ambiguity about the emergence and spread of Clovis culture.
Selective Harmonic Compensation (SHC) PWM for Grid-Interfacing High-Power Converters

Compensating the grid background harmonics in a grid-interfacing converter system, such as a drive system's active-front-end rectifier or a grid-connected inverter in a distributed generation system, is an effective method of reducing line side current harmonics. However, this harmonic compensation is particularly challenging in medium-voltage high-power applications (>1 MVA). This is mainly due to the low-switching frequency operation of high-power converters (300-800 Hz) to maintain low power loss. Therefore, the traditional tasks of active power filters with relatively high-switching frequency cannot be easily realized here. This paper proposes a new pulse width modulation technique, named selective harmonic compensation (SHC), which actively compensates the power system background harmonics, but still operates at very low-switching frequencies. Details of the proposed SHC are presented. An SHC application example on a high-power current-source rectifier is provided in this paper. The simulations and experiments show that the proposed SHC scheme can effectively compensate the system background harmonics and improve the line current harmonic performance.
An Endoscopic Method of Tympanic Membrane Fluorescein Angiography

Fluorescein angiography is a recently developed method of studying the tympanic membrane's dynamic vasculature. Our preliminary studies using an ophthalmic fundus camera and aural speculum did not always permit visualization of the entire tympanic membrane, and the electronic flash unit used in our initial studies did not cycle fast enough to visualize effectively the rapid arterial phase of blood flow. In this report, we describe an endoscopic method of tympanic membrane fluorescein angiography that uses a continuous xenon light source. A representative angiogram from a normal subject is described. The mallear artery apparently is the major blood supply to the posterior half of the tympanic membrane, which is consistently better perfused than the anterior half. Branches from the annular ring of blood vessels supply the anterior half of the tympanic membrane. Preliminary studies of two temporalis fascia tympanoplasty patients indicate that the graft becomes revascularized 2 to 4 weeks after surgery and that posterior grafts may revascularize earlier than anterior grafts.
Auditory hallucinations, not necessarily a hallmark of psychotic disorder

Auditory hallucinations (AH) are often considered a sign of a psychotic disorder. This is promoted by the DSM-5 category of Other Specified Schizophrenia Spectrum And Other Psychotic Disorder (OSSSOPD), the diagnostic criteria for which are fulfilled with the sole presence of persistent AH, in the absence of any other psychotic symptoms. And yet, persistent AH are not synonymous with having a psychotic disorder, and should therefore not be uncritically treated as such. Many people who seek treatment for persistent AH have no other psychotic symptoms, have preserved reality-testing capacities, and will never develop a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Instead, hallucinations may be the result of many different causes, including borderline personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), hearing loss, sleep disorders or brain lesions, and they may even occur outside the context of any demonstrable pathology. In such cases, the usage of the DSM-5 diagnosis of OSSSOPD would be incorrect, and it may prompt unwarranted treatment with antipsychotic medication. We therefore argue that a DSM-5 diagnosis of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder (or any other type of psychotic disorder) characterized by AH should require at least one more symptom listed under the A-criterion (i.e. delusions, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior or negative symptoms). Adhering to these more stringent criteria may help to distinguish between individuals with persistent AH which are part of a psychotic disorder, for whom antipsychotic medication may be helpful, and individuals with AH in the absence of such a disorder who may benefit from other approaches (e.g. different pharmacological interventions, improving coping style, trauma-related therapy).
A Study on the Predictability of Eastern Winter Storm Waves Using Operational Wind Forecasts of KMA

The predictability of winter storm waves using KMA’s operational wind forecasts has been studied to predict wind waves and swells in the East coast of Korea using SWAN. The nested model were employed along the East coast of Korea to simulate the wave transformation in the coastal area and wave dissipation term of whitecapping is optimized to improve swell prediction accuracy. In this study, KMA’s operational meteorological models (RDAPS and LDAPS) are used as input wind fields. In order to evaluate model accuracy, we also simulate wind waves and swells using ECMWF reanalysis and KIOST WRF wind and they are compared with the KMA’s operational wave model and the wave measurement data on the offshore and onshore stations. As a result, it has the lowest RMSE and the highest correlation coefficient in the onshore when the input wind fields are KMA’s operational meteorological forecasts. In the offshore, all of the simulate results shows good agreements with similar error statistics. It means that it is very feasible to use SWAN model with the modified whitecapping factor and KMA’s operational meteorological forecasts for predicting the wind waves and swells in the East coast of Korea.
Calculation of the binding free energy for magnesium–RNA interactions

The nature of the interaction between nucleic acids and divalent ions in solution is complex. It includes long‐range electrostatic and short‐range nonelectrostatic forces. Water molecules can be in an inner coordination shell that intervenes between the ion and its binding site. This work describes a method for calculating the binding free energy and applies it to a specific Mg–RNA system (Protein Data Bank ID: 1H2R) in the presence of monovalent salt. The approach combines high‐level ab initio theory with Poisson–Boltzmann calculations and provides an accurate description of all terms of the binding free energy for magnesium ions located at the RNA surface (including nonelectrostatic interactions). Some alternative macroscopic approaches are also discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2005
Hygiene, Sanitation and Bacteriological Quality of Cow's Milk in Krajan Design, Gendro Village, Tutur Regency of Pasuruan District

Cattle waste contains high enough Escherichia coli microbes that can contaminate dairy products. Contamination can come from various sources of cow udder, cow body, dust in the air, dirty equipment and humans who do milking. Hygiene and sanitation efforts are one of the most important environmental health efforts to prevent dairy contamination. This study aims to analyzed the relationship of hygiene breeders, sanitation cage and bacteriological quality of cow milk (Escherichia coli) in Krajan Hamlet, Gendro Village, Tutur District, Pasuruan Regency. This research was conducted with cross sectional design. The sample size used was the total population of 26 farmers registered to be members of the group of Agung II breeders in Krajan Hamlet. Breeder hygiene and cage sanitation were analyzed descriptively quantitatively on bacteriological quality of cow's milk (Escherichia coli). Breeder hygiene includes 3 components: the use of PPE when working (boots, masks, gloves), hand-washing habits and work clothing conditions. Cage sanitation includes 5 components namely the technical requirements of the cage building, the location of the cage, the direction of the cage, the handling of livestock waste, the cleanliness of the cage. Bacteriological qualities of cow's milk (Escherichia coli) were examined in the laboratory using isolation and identification techniques. As many as 73% of respondents included in the category of poor farmer's hygiene and 65% of respondents included in the category of poor cage sanitation. While the examination of milk samples as much as 65% is known to be contaminat Escherichia coli. Increas use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) and cage sanitation management needs to be done by farmers to prevent contamination of Escherichia coli in dairy products.
Preliminary Assessment on Autecological Studies of Beardless Barb, Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Valenciennes, 1842) from Muda Reservoir of Kedah, Malaysia.

Like many other countries, reservoirs in Malaysia are primarily built for various functions such as hydroelectric power generation, drinking water supply, flood mitigation and irrigation for agricultural purposes. Artisanal fisheries activities were also performed in these reservoirs. The freshwater fish are a requisite source of protein for the rural population. Consequently, the fish resources in reservoirs should be carefully maintained at sustainable level. Present study elucidates the preliminary assessment on autecological studies of beardless barb, Cyclocheilichthys apogon as a model of fish biota in Muda Reservoir. This research investigates the growth pattern of C. apogon using length-weight relationship and their condition factor. A total of 307 specimens were captured using cast net for six consecutive months from March 2014 until August 2014. The growth coefficient (b) from the length-weight equation (W = aLb ) for male and female of C. apogon were 3.150 and 3.185, respectively, indicating positive allometric growth. The condition factor values of male and female of C. apogon were 1.023 ± 0.111 and 1.026 ± 0.100, respectively, suggesting that C. apogon is in good condition in Muda Reservoir. The paucity of research on the autecological study in the Muda Reservoir contributes to the main reason of performing this research. The findings will serve as baseline information of this species in Muda Reservoir, as well as for comparative study in the future.
Impaired heart rate variability in euthymic bipolar patients.

BACKGROUND Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) has recently been shown to be a reliable non-invasive test for quantitative assessment of the central sympathovagal interaction that modulates cardiovascular autonomic function. METHODS We studied 39 euthymic bipolar patients and 39 controls, matched for age and sex. A high-resolution electrocardiogram was obtained during complete rest. Spectral analysis of R-R intervals was performed by the fast Fourier transform algorithm. RESULTS Euthymic bipolar patients at rest are characterized by markedly low HRV, independent of specific drug treatments. CONCLUSION While these results of autonomic stability in euthymic bipolar patients are counter-intuitive, the findings may be important in understanding pathophysiology of bipolar affective illness.
The efficacies of clozapine and haloperidol in refractory schizophrenia are related to DTNBP1 variation

Objective The prototypical atypical antipsychotic agent, clozapine, is more efficacious for refractory schizophrenia than the ‘typical’ antipsychotics, but the mechanism underlying this enhanced efficacy is still under investigation. Since 2002, at least 22 association studies have shown that the DTNBP1 can be associated with the risk for schizophrenia. We hypothesized that DTNBP1 might also influence the response to antipsychotic treatments. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the DTNBP1 and the effects of clozapine and haloperidol on refractory schizophrenia. Methods Patients with refractory schizophrenia were assigned to clozapine (n=85) or haloperidol (n=96) and followed for 3 months. Symptom improvement was evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score. Six markers at DTNBP1 and 38 ancestry-informative markers were genotyped in all participants. The relationships between the effects of antipsychotics and the diplotypes, haplotypes, genotypes, and alleles of DTNBP1 were tested by analysis of covariance, analysis of variance, and t-test. Results Patients with diplotype ACCCTC/GTTGCC, genotypes T/T+T/C, or allele T of marker rs742105 (P1333) have better response to clozapine (0.005≤P≤0.049), and patients with diplotype ACCCTC/GCCGCC, genotype A/G, or allele A of marker rs909706 (P1583) have better response to haloperidol (0.007≤P≤0.080) in European-Americans, African-Americans, and/or the combined sample; European-American patients with diplotype ACCCTC/GCCGCC have worse response to clozapine on positive symptoms (P=0.011). Conclusion This study shows that the DTNBP1 gene modulates the effects of both the atypical antipsychotic clozapine and the typical antipsychotic haloperidol. Participants with different DTNBP1 diplotypes, haplotypes, genotypes, or alleles might have different responses to these antipsychotics.
Depression and health behaviors in Brazilian adults – PNS 2013

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of health-related behaviors according to presence and type of depression in Brazilian adults. METHODS Based on a sample of 49,025 adults (18 to 59 years) from the National Survey on Health 2013 (PNS 2013), we estimated the prevalence of health-related behaviors (smoking; passive smoking; frequent or risky alcohol consumption; leisure time physical activity; time watching TV; and eating pattern indicators), according to the presence of depression (minor and major), evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9), and the report of depressive mood (in up to seven days or more than seven days) over a two-week period. Prevalence ratios were estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS Evaluated by the PHQ-9 scale, 9.7% of the Brazilian adults had depression and 3.9% presented major depression. About 21.0% reported depressive mood and, in 34.9% of them, that feeling has been present for more than seven days. In individuals with major depression (PHQ-9), higher prevalence was found in almost all unhealthy behaviors analyzed, in particular, smoking (PR = 1.65), passive smoking (PR = 1.55), risk alcohol consumption (PR = 1.72), TV for ≥ 5 hours/day (PR = 2.13), consumption of fat meat (PR = 1.43) and soft drink (PR = 1.42). The prevalence ratios tended to be lower in those with minor depression. Similar results were observed in adults with depressive mood. CONCLUSIONS This study detected relevant association between depression and health behaviors, in particular for smoking and physical activity. The associations found with the PHQ were similar to those observed with the application of a single question about depressive mood. Our results indicate the importance of assessing the presence of depression and the frequency and severity of symptoms when implementing actions for the promotion of healthy behaviors.
Retinoic acid arthropathy: An unusual cause of elbow pain

Retinoic acid arthropathy typically presents in the axial skeleton as flowing ossification along the anterior longitudinal ligament and as a condition of pelvic hyperostosis. When the appendicular skeleton is involved, radiographic findings usually present late and are typically asymmetric. We present an unusual case of retinoic acid arthropathy presenting in both elbow joints. Radiologists should consider this diagnosis when faced with hyperostosis that is not explained by sports-related history.
Leech Constellations of Construction-A Lattices

The problem of communicating over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with lattice codes is addressed in this paper. Theoretically, Voronoi constellations have proved to yield very powerful lattice codes when the fine/coding lattice is AWGN-good and the coarse/shaping lattice has an optimal shaping gain. However, achieving Shannon capacity with these premises and practically implementable encoding algorithms is in general not an easy task. In this paper, a new way to encode and demap Construction-A Voronoi lattice codes is presented. As a meaningful application of this scheme, the second part of the paper is focused on Leech constellations of low-density Construction-A (LDA) lattices: LDA Voronoi lattice codes are presented whose numerically measured waterfall region is situated at less than 0.8 dB from Shannon capacity. These LDA lattice codes are based on dual-diagonal nonbinary low-density parity-check codes. With this choice, encoding, iterative decoding, and demapping have all linear complexity in the block length.
Removal of resetting of transitions for asynchronous FSM

We present a reset-transition removal technique for four-phase burst-mode and extended burst-mode (BM/XBM) controllers, namely reshuffle the input and output bursts in a state by relocating them to its neighboring states. The illustrated examples of the reshuffled results demonstrate the improvement on the concurrency and the tradeoff as the consequence of the optimization. We further demonstrate the actual speedup about 20% of the reshuffled optimization on the eight benchmark circuits by using the FPGAs. The effectiveness of this reset-transition removal technique is impressively promising and applicable on the asynchronous controllers that are generated by BM/XBM synthesis tools. Moreover, a significant measurable improvement is still attainable by our reshuffling technique after the manual optimization is performed.
Multidetector computed tomography in the preoperative staging of gastric adenocarcinoma*

Objective To evaluate the role of multidetector computed tomography in the preoperative investigation of tumor invasion depth and lymph node and metastatic involvement according to the TNM classification, in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods Fifty-four patients with biopsy-confirmed gastric cancer underwent preoperative staging with 64-channel multidetector computed tomography. Two independent radiologists analyzed the images and classified the findings. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and overall accuracy were calculated for each observer. The interobserver agreement was also evaluated. Results The accuracy in the classification of categories T ranged from 74% to 96% for observer 1 and from 80% to 92% for observer 2. The overall accuracy was 70% for both observers. The weighted kappa index was 0.75, consistent with a significant interobserver agreement. The accuracy in the classification of lymph node involvement (category N) ranged from 55% to 79% for observer 1 and from 73% to 82% for observer 2. The evaluation of metastatic involvement showed an overall accuracy of 89.6% for both observers. Conclusion 64-channel multidetector computed tomography demonstrated clinically relevant accuracy in the preoperative staging of gastric adenocarcinoma as regards invasion depth (T category) and metastatic involvement (M category).
The brain–computer interface cycle

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have attracted much attention recently, triggered by new scientific progress in understanding brain function and by impressive applications. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the various steps in the BCI cycle, i.e., the loop from the measurement of brain activity, classification of data, feedback to the subject and the effect of feedback on brain activity. In this article we will review the critical steps of the BCI cycle, the present issues and state-of-the-art results. Moreover, we will develop a vision on how recently obtained results may contribute to new insights in neurocognition and, in particular, in the neural representation of perceived stimuli, intended actions and emotions. Now is the right time to explore what can be gained by embracing real-time, online BCI and by adding it to the set of experimental tools already available to the cognitive neuroscientist. We close by pointing out some unresolved issues and present our view on how BCI could become an important new tool for probing human cognition.