Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strengths-Based Case Management the Application to Grandparents Raising Grandchildren

Strengths-based case management is an alternative service modality for work with individuals and families. This method stresses building on the strengths of individuals that can be used to resolve current problems and issues, countering more traditional approaches that focus almost exclusively on individuals' deficits or needs. This article expands the literature on the application of the strengths-based model by using a project that provides health and social services to grandparents raising their grandchildren. Based on anecdotal results, the strengths-based model appears to have value in fostering a sense of independence and self-assurance among grandparents, as well as enhancing their level of confidence to nurture and support their grandchildren. Suggested limitations and implications for family practice and future research are noted.
Research and Analysis

Our ability successfully to look forward in the conduct of our foreign relations rests, in large part, upon how we develop and use our resources for research and analysis. At present, these are broadly diffused in both the public and private sectors; a number of stresses and strains indicate that they are not as effectively deployed and utilized as they could be. Improvements are possible on many fronts. Attention here is on the information, research, and analysis needs of the United States government, with particular attention to the Department of State. The Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) occupies a pivotal position. A substantial increase in its capabilities would have many desirable consequences. Among these are: enrichment of INR's own influential analytical research efforts; stimulation and support of the academic search for more coherent and socially relevant knowledge; assurance that the Department will derive the maximum analytical benefit from a modern information-handling system; expanded opportunities to train Foreign Service officers in analytical methods; more balanced and efficacious programs of government contract and grant support for foreign affairs research; and more systematic policy review and development in support of planning. Cost to the American public is estimated at five cents per person per year.
A scope of the problem: Post-deployment reintegration challenges in a National Guard Unit.

BACKGROUND More Reserve and Guard members have been activated in the past few years than in any other time in history. In addition to the high rates of psychological and behavioral challenges among military personnel, there are other equally important post-deployment reintegration challenges. Post-deployment reintegration challenges are particularly important to Reserve and Guard members, who transition rapidly from civilian-military-civilian. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the scope of challenges that a battalion of National Guard members (NGM) report experiencing after returning from a one-year deployment to Iraq. METHOD This article reports data from a sample of 126 NGM who recently returned from a one-year deployment to Iraq. The scope of post-deployment problems at baseline, 3- and 6-month post-deployment are presented. RESULTS Overall, the rates of post-deployment psychological and behavioral problems were elevated upon returning from deployment and remained fairly constant for up to 6 months post-deployment. Approximately 30% of respondents were unsatisfied with their relationship and upwards of 30% reported family reintegration challenges. CONCLUSIONS Comparisons with similar research and implications for prevention and improvement of post-deployment quality of life are addressed.
Changes in the couple relationship in dementia care

Spouse carers of people with dementia face unique challenges as they adapt to the demands of caring whilst experiencing significant losses in their couple relationship. The ‘professionalization’ of carers by services has been criticized, and recent UK government guidance proposes that carers receive an assessment of psychological need. This study explored spouse carers’ experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven spouses, recruited though local Alzheimer’s Societies, who were caring for their partners with mid-stage dementia at home. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four overarching themes emerged: ‘connectedness and separateness’; ‘tension between meeting own needs and meeting needs of spouse’; ‘knowing and not knowing the future’; and ‘seeking control — emotional and practical strategies’. With the progressive decline in their partners’ functioning, spouse carers experienced an ongoing process of re-evaluation and re-positioning of themselves in relation to their partner and their couple relationship. Implications for services highlight the importance of support groups and psychological support.
Algorithms for Deterministic Incremental Dependency Parsing

Abstract Parsing algorithms that process the input from left to right and construct a single derivation have often been considered inadequate for natural language parsing because of the massive ambiguity typically found in natural language grammars. Nevertheless, it has been shown that such algorithms, combined with treebank-induced classifiers, can be used to build highly accurate disambiguating parsers, in particular for dependency-based syntactic representations. In this article, we first present a general framework for describing and analyzing algorithms for deterministic incremental dependency parsing, formalized as transition systems. We then describe and analyze two families of such algorithms: stack-based and list-based algorithms. In the former family, which is restricted to projective dependency structures, we describe an arc-eager and an arc-standard variant; in the latter family, we present a projective and a non-projective variant. For each of the four algorithms, we give proofs of correctness and complexity. In addition, we perform an experimental evaluation of all algorithms in combination with SVM classifiers for predicting the next parsing action, using data from thirteen languages. We show that all four algorithms give competitive accuracy, although the non-projective list-based algorithm generally outperforms the projective algorithms for languages with a non-negligible proportion of non-projective constructions. However, the projective algorithms often produce comparable results when combined with the technique known as pseudo-projective parsing. The linear time complexity of the stack-based algorithms gives them an advantage with respect to efficiency both in learning and in parsing, but the projective list-based algorithm turns out to be equally efficient in practice. Moreover, when the projective algorithms are used to implement pseudo-projective parsing, they sometimes become less efficient in parsing (but not in learning) than the non-projective list-based algorithm. Although most of the algorithms have been partially described in the literature before, this is the first comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the algorithms within a unified framework.
Research Article Clinical Features and Outcome in Adult Cases of Tuberculous Meningitis in Tertiary Care Hospital in Antananarivo, Madagascar

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose. We aimed to describe and to assess prognosis factors in tuberculous meningitis in adult patients. Methods. We performed a retrospective study of case records of adult patients. Patients classified as definite, probable, or possible tuberculous meningitis according to standardized definition criteria were included and assessed in the study. Results. Seventy-five patients were included in the study.
Pain after barium enema: effect of CO2 and air on double-contrast study.

One hundred fifty-one consecutive patients scheduled for double-contrast barium enema studies were assigned randomly to insufflation with either air or carbon dioxide (CO2) in a double-blind, prospective trial. Within 24 hours after the enema study, the patients were contacted by telephone by an interviewer, who completed a standard questionnaire. Radiographs from the enema studies were assessed for quality by two radiologists. Pain experienced after the procedure was graded from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). Clinically relevant (grades 2-4) pain was experienced by 30% of patients after insufflation with room air, compared with 11% of patients in whom CO2 was used for insufflation (P = .005). The mean pain score for CO2 was 0.4, and for room air, 1.2 (P less than .005). Although five patients experienced grade 4 pain after insufflation with air, no patient reported severe pain after CO2 insufflation. Post-evacuation films confirmed there was significantly less residual gas in the CO2 group. The quality of radiographs was equal in the two groups. CO2 has advantages for use in the double-contrast barium enema examination.
Non-invasive evaluation of bilateral renal regional blood flow and tubular dynamics during acute unilateral ureteral obstruction.

BACKGROUND Global renal haemodynamic responses to acute unilateral ureteral obstruction (AUUO) have been studied extensively in animals, yet little is known about the concurrent changes in haemodynamics and tubular fluid dynamics that occur within the distinct regions of the kidney during AUUO. The advent of electron beam computerized tomography (EBCT) now allows us to evaluate non-invasively intrarenal haemodynamics and tubular fluid dynamics in vivo. METHODS Using EBCT, we quantified total, cortical and medullary renal blood flow (RBF, C-RBF and M-RBF), and the concurrent intratubular fluid contrast concentration (ITCC) from contrast media dilution curves, prior to, and at 30 and 90 min after the onset of AUUO in five pigs. RESULTS At 30 min after AUUO, there was a small 17+/-7% fall in C-RBF that did not quite reach significance (P = 0.076), whereas RBF, M-RBF, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and ITCC were preserved. At 90 min, both C-RBF and RBF had fallen by 54+/-8 and 45+/-5%, respectively (P<0.05). GFR also tended to decrease (by 49+/-8%, P<0.06), whereas there was preservation of M-RBF. ITCC increased in the proximal and distal tubules, and tended to increase in Henle's loop. In the contralateral kidney, AUUO did not alter the haemodynamics, but transiently decreased ITCC in all tubular segments. CONCLUSION EBCT allows evaluation of AUUO-induced changes in intrarenal haemodynamics and tubular fluid dynamics. AUUO decreased cortical, but not medullary perfusion of the ipsilateral kidney, and increased the ITCC in most tubular segments, suggesting increased tubular reabsorption that may have helped maintain GFR and tubular fluid flow.
Self-Health Care among the Elderly

Data from a U.S. sample of 714 respondents aged 55 years and over were used to test the efficacy of the health-behavior model for explaining self-health care practices and attitudes. Three different indicators of self-health care, including a measure of actual self-care behavior and two attitudinal indicators, normative self-care response and global self-care, were employed in this work. Hierarchical ordinary least squares regression modeling yielded R2s consistent with those reported in the extant literature on health-services utilization. A difference with this literature, however, was that the net contribution of predisposing characteristics was found to be larger than that of enabling and need characteristics combined for all three indicators of self-health care.
Teaching culture beyond nationalist boundaries: national identities, stereotyping, and culture in language education

The authors take a critical language pedagogy approach to examining a 2011 controversy over disparaging comments towards Mexicans made by commentators of the British Broadcasting Corporation’s automotive show Top Gear. In particular, they focus on the characterization of groups and individuals according to their nationality and examine the ubiquity of nationalism and its ability to shape our conception of culture and in turn our understandings of others as members of ‘X national culture. ’ The fact that humor is often a justification for national stereotyping and that these stereotypes are also connected to racist discourse are also explored. In the second part of the article, the implications of the stereotyping debate for language classrooms are considered. The authors argue that the controversy itself can be used as a tool for critical engagement that helps students deconstruct the underlying nationalist paradigm in L2 classrooms and build greater intercultural awareness. Español: Los autores examinan, desde una perspectiva de la pedagogía crítica del lenguaje, la controversia que surgió en el 2011 debido a los comentarios nocivos hechos hacia los mexicanos por los locutores del show automotriz del BBC, Top Gear. En particular, se enfocan en la caracterización de los grupos e individuos de acuerdo a su nacionalidad, y examinan la ubiquidad del nacionalismo y su capacidad para darle forma a nuestra conceptualización de la cultura y, a su vez, nuestra forma de ver a otros como miembros de una ‘cultural nacional X’. Los autores también exploran el hecho de que a menudo se utiliza el humor como una justificación para los estereotipos nacionales, y que estos estereotipos también están conectados al discurso racista. En la segunda parte del artículo, se consideran las implicaciones para la enseñanza de idiomas del debate sobre los estereotipos. Argumentan los autores que la controversia en sí se puede utilizar como una herramienta para promover una postura crítica que ayude a los alumnos a deconstruir el paradigma subyacente del nacionalismo en el salón de lenguas extranjeras y fomente la conciencia intercultural.
The Effect of Steiner, Montessori, and National Curriculum Education Upon Children's Pretence and Creativity

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Kirkham, J. A. , & Kidd, E. (2015). The effect of Steiner, Montessori, and national curriculum education upon children's pretence and creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 51(1), 20-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.83, which has been published in final form at http://doi.wiley. com/10.1002/jocb.83 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving
Visual Information for Categorizing Facial Expression of Emotions

Two experiments were conducted to reveal the visual information from the face utilized for the categorization of its expression of emotions. In Experiment 1 the subjects produced six schematic faces expressing six basic emotions by using a computer graphics system. By a series of factor analyses on the variables of displacements of feature points for deforming a neutral schematic face to produce the six expressional ones, two factors of ‘curvedness/openness’ and ‘slantedness’ of facial elements were obtained. In Experiment 2 another group of subjects made category judgements of emotions for 72 of the total 216 schematic faces produced in Experiment 1. The relationship between the displacements of feature points in Experiment 1 and subjects' categorical responses in Experiment 2 were examined by canonical discriminant analysis. It was found that the categorical judgements were well explained by two canonical variables whose structures were quite similar to those of factors obtained in Experiment 1. These results indicated that we extract the information of changes in curvedness/openness and slantedness of facial elements among other information on the face for categorizing its expressions of emotions. Lastly, the relationship between the dimensions of visual information obtained here and those of semantic affective meanings found in earlier research was discussed.
When Self-Management and Surveillance Collide

Despite arguments for the benefits of self-management for enhancing employees’ motivation to work toward organizational goals, many managers fail to give their employees control and instead engage in surveillance to gain compliance. Drawing on personal control and reactance theories, the authors propose self-management would relate to increased discretionary contributions, that is, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), but when supervisory surveillance is also in place, OCB would be diminished and counterproductive work behavior (CWB) would increase. The authors further propose that these effects would be mediated by employees’ perceptions of autonomy and the degree to which they believe the organization trusts them. Two studies establish the beneficial effects of self-management on OCB and illustrate the detrimental effects for employees and organizations when self-management and surveillance collide.
Areca nut extract protects against ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice

Estrogen deficiency increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is a crucial pathogenic factor for osteoporosis. Areca nuts are rich in phenolics, which have high antioxidant activity. In the present study, an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis mouse model was used to investigate the protective effects of areca nut extract (ANE) on bone loss and related processes. A total of 24 8-week-old female mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=8 per group): I Sham-operated control; II, bilateral OVX; and III, bilateral OVX + ANE. Group III were treated orally with ANE at a single dose of 300 mg/kg body weight daily for 6 months. ANE supplementation for 6 months improved trabecular bone microarchitecture and significantly increased bone mineral density in the distal femur (P<0.05) compared with Group II. Furthermore, serum levels of the osteoclast differentiation-inducing factors, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin were significantly increased and decreased, respectively (both P<0.05), in OVX mice and these effects were significantly inhibited by ANE treatment (both P<0.05). ANE supplementation also resulted in significantly decreased serum hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels compared with Group II, while the levels of glutathione and catalase activity were significantly increased (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The current study indicated that the protective effects of ANE against bone loss were mediated, at least in part, via inhibition of the release of ROS and bone resorption. These results suggested that ANE could have therapeutic value in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Cardiac troponin T: a noninvasive marker for heart transplant rejection?

BACKGROUND Diagnosis of acute rejection remains a major concern in heart transplant recipients. Currently, endomyocardial biopsy is the gold standard for detecting rejection. Given the risks and cost of endomyocardial biopsy, a noninvasive marker for rejection would be ideal. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) is an established marker of myocyte damage, and a rat transplantation model of heart transplant rejection has suggested that cTnT may be of value in detecting rejection. METHODS The cTnT levels were measured in 90 transplant recipients (67 men and 23 women) at the time of endomyocardial biopsy. There were a total of 256 cTnT levels and 256 biopsy samples. The cTnT levels were compared by use of International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation rejection grades. RESULTS Only one of the 12 grade 3 biopsy specimens had a corresponding elevated cTnT level. Of the 29 biopsy specimens with myocyte necrosis (grade 2 or grade 3), three had a corresponding elevated cTnT. The cTnT levels were elevated during the first 1 to 2 months after transplantation. There was no correlation between ischemic time and cTnT levels. CONCLUSION CTnT is an insensitive marker of acute rejection, both early and late after heart transplantation. Elevation of cTnT after transplantation does not seem to be directly related to ischemic time.
Ludologists love stories, too: notes from a debate that never took place

During the last few years, a debate took place within the game scholars community. A debate that, it seems, opposed two groups: ludologists and narratologists. Ludologists are supposed to focus on game mechanics and reject any room in the field for analyzing games as narrative, while narratologists argue that games are closely connected to stories. This article aims at showing that this description of the participants is erroneous. What is more, this debate as presented never really took place because it was cluttered with a series of misunderstandings and misconceptions that need to be clarified if we want to seriously discuss the role of narrative in videogames.
The Effectiveness of Metacognitive Strategy Awareness in Reading Comprehension: The Case of Iranian University EFL Students.

This paper reports a study that explored the overall pattern of metacognitive awareness of reading strategy use and its possible relationship with reading comprehension. Moreover, the study investigated the influence of gender and proficiency level on the use of these strategies. The Survey of Reading Strategies Questionnaire (SORS), the semi-structured interview technique, and a reading comprehension test were used to collect data from a randomly chosen sample. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics to determine the frequency and type of strategies employed by the learners. Pearson coefficient correlation was also used to discover the relationship between reading strategy use and reading comprehension achievement. Moreover, one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was also employed to find out how the use of strategies varied according to gender. The results revealed that there was a strong positive correlation between reported metacognitive awareness of reading strategies and reading comprehension achievement. The results also showed that the students’ knowledge of metacognitive reading strategies were significantly influenced by their levels of English proficiency. According to the findings, Iranian EFL students are moderately aware of reading strategies and the most frequently used strategies were the Support Reading Strategies (SUP), followed by Global Reading Strategies (GLOB), and then Problem-Solving Strategies (PROB). It was also revealed that no significant difference existed between male and female language learners in the use of reading strategies. The findings of this study may have implications for learners, teachers, and materials developers in the field of English language teaching and learning.
Family literacy practices and home literacy resources: An Australian pilot study

The combined impact of social class, cultural background and experience upon early literacy achievement in the first year of schooling is among the most durable questions in educational research. Links have been established between social class and achievement but literacy involves complex social and cognitive practices that are not necessarily reflected in the connections that have been made. The complexity of relationships between social class, cultural background and experience, and their impact on early literacy achievement have received little research attention. Recent refinements of the broad terms of social class or socioeconomic status have questioned the established links between social class and achievement. Nevertheless, it remains difficult to move beyond deficit and mismatch models of explaining and understanding the underperformance of children from lower socioeconomic and cultural minority groups when conventional measures are used. The data from an Australian pilot study reported here add to the increasing evidence that income is not necessarily related directly to home literacy resources or to how those resources are used. Further, the data show that the level of print resources in the home may not be a good indicator of the level of use of those resources.