Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improvements in impaired GABA and GAD65/67 production in the spinal dorsal horn contribute to exercise-induced hypoalgesia in a mouse model of neuropathic pain

Background Physical exercise effectively attenuates neuropathic pain, and multiple events including the inhibition of activated glial cells in the spinal dorsal horn, activation of the descending pain inhibitory system, and reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines in injured peripheral nerves may contribute to exercise-induced hypoalgesia. Since fewer GABAergic hypoalgesic interneurons exist in the dorsal horn in neuropathic pain model animals, the recovery of impaired GABAergic inhibition in the dorsal horn may improve pain behavior. We herein determined whether the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the dorsal horn is restored by treadmill running and contributes to exercise-induced hypoalgesia in neuropathic pain model mice. C57BL/6 J mice underwent partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL). PSL-Runner mice ran on a treadmill at 7 m/min for 60 min/day, 5 days/week, from two days after PSL. Results Mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia developed in PSL-Sedentary mice but were significantly attenuated in PSL-Runner mice. PSL markedly decreased GABA and GAD65/67 levels in neuropils in the ipsilateral dorsal horn, while treadmill running inhibited these reductions. GABA+ neuronal nuclei+ interneuron numbers in the ipsilateral dorsal horn were significantly decreased in PSL-Sedentary mice but not in PSL-Runner mice. Pain behavior thresholds positively correlated with GABA and GAD65/67 levels and GABAergic interneuron numbers in the ipsilateral dorsal horns of PSL-Sedentary and -Runner mice. Conclusions Treadmill running prevented PSL-induced reductions in GAD65/67 production, and, thus, GABA levels may be retained in interneurons and neuropils in the superficial dorsal horn. Therefore, improvements in impaired GABAergic inhibition may be involved in exercise-induced hypoalgesia.
Downlink and Uplink Decoupling in Two-Tier Heterogeneous Networks With Multi- Antenna Base Stations

In order to improve the uplink performance of future cellular networks, the idea to decouple the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) association has recently been shown to provide significant gain in terms of both coverage and rate performance. However, all the works are limited to a single input single output (SISO) network. Therefore, to study the gain provided by the DL and UL decoupling in multi-antenna base stations (BSs) setup, we study a two tier heterogeneous network consisting of multi-antenna BSs, and single antenna user equipments (UEs). We use maximal ratio combining (MRC) as a linear receiver at the BSs and tools from stochastic geometry, and we derive tractable expressions for both signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) coverage probability and rate coverage probability. We observe that as the disparity in the beamforming gain of both tiers increases, the gain in terms of SIR coverage probability provided by the decoupled association over non-decoupled association decreases. We further observe that when there is asymmetry in the number of antennas of both tiers, then we need further biasing toward femto-tier on the top of decoupled association to balance the load and get optimal rate coverage probability.
New employee onboarding – psychological contracts and ethical perspectives

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the ethical implications of treating new employees with high consideration and respect for their needs and to explain how this expectation honors the psychological contract between employers and their incoming employees. By providing a specific model for improving the onboarding process, this paper also provides helpful information for practitioners in addressing this important task. Design/methodology/approach The process for onboarding and assimilating new employees in the modern organization is often ineffective – despite the fact that this important task is acknowledged to be vital to the success of those employees and important to their organizations. This conceptual paper addresses the problems of new employee orientation from an ethical and psychological contract perspective and suggests a ten-step model to improve the onboarding process. Findings The paper confirms that onboarding is not done well by organizations, that employees expect that they will be treated with appropriate concern for their interests as part of their assumptions in coming into a new organization, that onboarding new employees is fraught with ethical implications, and that the process can be greatly improved by following the ten-step model provided. Research limitations/implications The paper provides opportunities for practitioners to apply their proposed model and enables scholars to test the impact of incorporating the steps of the ten-step onboarding model. Practical implications Ineffective onboarding has significant ramifications not only for the efficiency of organizations but also for the effectiveness of incoming employees. Understanding the implicit ethical issues in the onboarding process enables organizations to improve the employer-employee relationship and honor their responsibilities to incoming employees. Social implications In a world where trust in leaders and organizations has declined, understanding the implications of the psychological contract expectations of incoming employees and honoring an organization’s obligations to those employees is likely to increase employee trust and commitment while benefiting the organizations that apply the proposed model. Originality/value The topic of onboarding employees has not been fully understood by busy organizations and this paper addresses the ethical and psychological implications of effective onboarding and its contributing value for both the organization and the new employees affected by the onboarding process. The ten-step model provides a useful checklist for human resources staff and for the organizational leaders who oversee them.
Autocrine Secretion of Fas Ligand Shields Tumor Cells from Fas-Mediated Killing by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes

Mechanisms responsible for resistance of tumors to death receptor-mediated damage by cytotoxic lymphocytes are not well understood. Uveal melanoma cells expressed Fas but were insensitive to Fas triggering induced by bystander cytotoxic T lymphocytes or a Fas-specific agonistic antibody; this could not be ascribed to tumor counterattack against T cells or general resistance of the tumors to apoptosis. Treatment with inhibitors of metalloproteases rendered uveal melanomas sensitive to Fas-mediated cytotoxicity. Metalloprotease inhibitors did not affect the expression of Fas but increased the surface expression of Fas ligand (FasL), which correlated with the disappearance of soluble FasL from culture supernatants of tumor cells. FasL eluted from the surface of uveal melanomas specifically inhibited cytotoxic T lymphocyte lysis of tumor cells pretreated with an inhibitor of metalloproteases. In addition to uveal melanomas, a number of other tumor cell lines of various cellular origins were sensitized to Fas-mediated cytotoxicity by metalloprotease inhibitors. Our results show that autocrine secretion of FasL shields tumor cells from Fas-mediated killing by cytotoxic lymphocytes. This defines a novel mechanism of tumor escape from immune surveillance.
Correlating animal and human phase Ia/Ib clinical data with CALAA-01, a targeted, polymer-based nanoparticle containing siRNA

Significance CALAA-01 is a targeted nanoparticle containing siRNA that is a first-in-class experimental therapeutic for cancer. To our knowledge, it is the first targeted, polymer-based nanoparticle-carrying siRNA to be systemically administered to humans. Results from a human phase Ia/Ib clinical trial are presented and correlated to preclinical animal data to provide an initial assessment of how this class of experimental therapeutics is translated from animals to humans. Nanoparticle-based experimental therapeutics are currently being investigated in numerous human clinical trials. CALAA-01 is a targeted, polymer-based nanoparticle containing small interfering RNA (siRNA) and, to our knowledge, was the first RNA interference (RNAi)–based, experimental therapeutic to be administered to cancer patients. Here, we report the results from the initial phase I clinical trial where 24 patients with different cancers were treated with CALAA-01 and compare those results to data obtained from multispecies animal studies to provide a detailed example of translating this class of nanoparticles from animals to humans. The pharmacokinetics of CALAA-01 in mice, rats, monkeys, and humans show fast elimination and reveal that the maximum concentration obtained in the blood after i.v. administration correlates with body weight across all species. The safety profile of CALAA-01 in animals is similarly obtained in humans except that animal kidney toxicities are not observed in humans; this could be due to the use of a predosing hydration protocol used in the clinic. Taken in total, the animal models do appear to predict the behavior of CALAA-01 in humans.
Acute effects of static stretching exercises on short-distance flutter kicking time in child swimmers

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of static stretching exercises and gender on the kickboard flutter kicking swimming times of 11- to 12-year-old swimmers. Twenty-nine (15 boys and 14 girls) competitive swimmers performed short-distance (25 m and 50 m) flutter kicking swims with a kickboard under both unstretched and stretched conditions on separate days. The conditions were randomly assigned to the participants. In total, 4 static stretching exercises (3 active and 1 passive) were applied to the lower extremities (2 x 30 s; 10 s rest). The results indicated that 25 m (girls: 22.72 ± 2.60 s, 22.54 ± 2.26 s; respectively; boys: 23.35 ± 3.85 s, 22.69 ± 3.77 s; respectively) and 50-m (girls: 51.40 ± 6.04 s, 50.23 ± 5.93 s; respectively; boys: 50.38 ± 6.80 s, 49.30 ± 6.56 s; respectively) distances flutter kicking swim times were not significantly different between no stretch and the stretch conditions or between boys and girls (P > 0.05) According to these findings, and contrary to the results of certain studies of land performance, the static stretching exercises did not have any effect on the kickboard flutter kicking swimming time and did not result in any difference in performance level between genders.
Fundamental Characteristics of AAA+ Protein Family Structure and Function

Many complex cellular events depend on multiprotein complexes known as molecular machines to efficiently couple the energy derived from adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis to the generation of mechanical force. Members of the AAA+ ATPase superfamily (ATPases Associated with various cellular Activities) are critical components of many molecular machines. AAA+ proteins are defined by conserved modules that precisely position the active site elements of two adjacent subunits to catalyze ATP hydrolysis. In many cases, AAA+ proteins form a ring structure that translocates a polymeric substrate through the central channel using specialized loops that project into the central channel. We discuss the major features of AAA+ protein structure and function with an emphasis on pivotal aspects elucidated with archaeal proteins.
Keeping Promises: A Process Study of Escalating Commitment Leading to Organizational Change Collapse

In the present research, we employ a theoretical lens—the one of escalation of commitment to a failing course of action that so far is not sufficiently reflected in the academic literature for analyzing large-scale organizational change processes. In doing so, we highlight aspects of complex change processes that are less visible than other theoretical perspectives that use “snapshots” of change. Using 3-year longitudinal process data, we present an in-depth empirical study of the failed attempt at strategic reorientation known as corporatization of the Norwegian Air Traffic Control organization—Avinor. Underway, we identified an important new variable that emerged as a significant determinant for persistence and escalating commitment that eventually led to the total collapse of the strategic change project known as Take-Off 05.
The Role of Epiretinal Membrane on Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Intravitreal Bevacizumab

Purpose. To determine the effect of epiretinal membranes (ERM) on the treatment response and the number of intravitreal bevacizumab injections (IVB) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed on 63 eyes of 63 patients. The patients were divided into AMD group (n = 35) and AMD/ERM group (n = 28). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT), as well as the number of injections, were evaluated. Results. There was a significant improvement in BCVA at 3 months for the AMD and AMD/ERM groups (P = 0.02, P = 0.03, resp.). At 6, 12, and 18 months, BCVA did not change significantly in either of the groups compared to baseline (P > 0.05 for all). At 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, the AMD group had an improvement in BCVA (logMAR) of 0.09, 0.06, 0.06, and 0.03 versus 0.08, 0.07, 0.05, and 0.03 for the AMD/ERM group (P = 0.29, P = 0.88, P = 0.74, P = 0.85, resp.). A significant decrease in CRT occurred in both groups for all time points (P < 0.001 for all). The change in CRT was not statistically different between the two groups at all time points (P > 0.05 for all). The mean number of injections over 24 months was 8.8 in the AMD group and 9.2 in the AMD/ERM group (P = 0.76). Conclusion. During 24 months, visual and anatomical outcomes of IVB in nAMD patients were comparable with those in nAMD patients with ERM with similar injection numbers.
On the relation between multi-instance learning and semi-supervised learning

Multi-instance learning and semi-supervised learning are different branches of machine learning. The former attempts to learn from a training set consists of labeled bags each containing many unlabeled instances; the latter tries to exploit abundant unlabeled instances when learning with a small number of labeled examples. In this paper, we establish a bridge between these two branches by showing that multi-instance learning can be viewed as a special case of semi-supervised learning. Based on this recognition, we propose the MissSVM algorithm which addresses multi-instance learning using a special semi-supervised support vector machine. Experiments show that solving multi-instance problems from the view of semi-supervised learning is feasible, and the MissSVM algorithm is competitive with state-of-the-art multi-instance learning algorithms.
Analyzing control Traffic Overhead in Mobile Ad-hoc Network Protocols versus Mobility and Data Traffic Activity

This paper proposes a general, parameterized model for analyzing protocol control overheads in mobile ad-hoc networks. A probabilistic model for the network topology and the data traffic is proposed in order to estimate overhead due to c ontrol packets of routing protocols. Our analytical model is validated by comparisons with simulations, both taken from litterature and made specifically for this paper. We identify the model parameters for protocols like AODV, DSR and OLSR, and confirm that our model corresponds with the simulation results Our model permits accurate predictions of which protocol will yield the lowest overhead depending on the node mobility and traffic pattern.
The Perception of Depicted Motion

Everyone knows that you can read a galloping horse in a still image as galloping. This paper asks how it is that we perceive motion in pictures. It considers perception of real motion in point-light experiments and the perception of motion in stills via the work of various psychologists, in the course of which it raises theoretical questions about the nature of visual perception. It then offers a detailed examination of knowledge regarding neural substrates for both real and depicted motion perception. Finally, it combines psychological and neurophysiological perspectives with phenomenologically-oriented observation of pictures, discussing both frontoparallel motion and motion in depth (in particular the phenomenon of “looming”) in terms of two kinds of depictions, the “narrative” and the “performative”. Examples are drawn from all kinds of pictures, but focus is on world rock art, whose time depth is especially amenable to the universalist approach adopted by the paper.
Link Discovery: A Comprehensive Analysis

We present a comprehensive analysis of link discovery approaches. We classify them with regard to the type of knowledge being used, and identify three commonly used sources of knowledge: The text of a document, the document title, and already existing links. We analyze the influence of the knowledge source as well as of the amount of training data used. Results show that the link-based approach performs best if the amount of training data is huge. In a more realistic setting with fewer training data, the text-based approach yields better results.
The power of love on the human brain

Abstract Romantic love has been the source for some of the greatest achievements of mankind throughout the ages. The recent localization of romantic love within subcortico–cortical reward, motivation and emotion systems in the human brain has suggested that love is a goal-directed drive with predictable facilitation effects on cognitive behavior, rather than a pure emotion. Here we show that the subliminal exposure of a beloved's name (romantic prime) during a lexical decision task dramatically improves performance in women in love (Experiment 1), as the subliminal presentation of a passion's descriptive noun does (Experiment 2). The parallel between love and passion allows us to interpret these facilitation effects as corresponding to cognitive top-down processes within a motivation-enhanced neural network.
Decision-Making Effectiveness: The Role of IT use, Decision Processes and Organizational Culture

This paper proposes and studies the relationship between individual and group decision-making effectiveness and organizational culture, organizational decision processes, and individual decisionmaking practices. This study has been motivated by the fact that although behavioral aspects and managerial processes are crucial determinants of outcomes in organizational decision environments, they have remained an understudied area. In particular, while decision-making techniques and tools have received a lot of attention, the process of decision-making and decision-making effectiveness has yet to be seriously studied – especially in the context of IT-enabled decision making. After developing the research model, survey data were collected from 1355 respondents in 32 organizations. One of the main findings was that the importance of individual as well as group decisions Individual decisions are far more likely to be influenced by organizational processes and procedures and technology while group decisions are far more likely to be influenced by organizational culture. In addition to this finding, we discuss many of the subordinate findings and provide implications for future research as well as managerial practice – with particular emphasis on the use of information technology for decision making.
No . 564080 ) Perceptual and Memory Distortion During Officer-Involved Shootings

Perception and memory can be quirky, as exemplified by these representative samples taken from actual events. The exact physical processes that govern perception and memory are yet to be fully understood. Given that police officers will be held fully accountable for their every action during an officer involved shooting, the accuracy and truthfulness of their statements will be intensely scrutinized. It is essential that police officers, and everyone who will be second guessing their actions and their statements, have a basic understanding that expecting officers to have perfect and totally accurate recall of any event, including an officer involved shooting, is not realistic. In fact, this basic premise applies to virtually all humans in all situations. The fact that people are almost never capable of total and perfect recall of events is agreed on by all memory researchers as a perusal of any basic textbook on memory will confirm.
TüSBL: A Similarity-Based Chunk Parser for Robust Syntactic Processing

Chunk parsing has focused on the recognition of partial constituent structures at the level of individual chunks. Little attention has been paid to the question of how such partial analyses can be combined into larger structures for complete utterances.The TuSBL parser extends current chunk parsing techniques by a tree-construction component that extends partial chunk parses to complete tree structures including recursive phrase structure as well as function-argument structure. TuSBL's tree construction algorithm relies on techniques from memory-based learning that allow similarity-based classification of a given input structure relative to a pre-stored set of tree instances from a fully annotated treebank.A quantitative evaluation of TuSBL has been conducted using a semi-automatically constructed treebank of German that consists of appr. 67,000 fully annotated sentences. The basic PARSEVAL measures were used although they were developed for parsers that have as their main goal a complete analysis that spans the entire input. This runs counter to the basic philosophy underlying TuSBL, which has as its main goal robustness of partially analyzed structures.
Crystallographic texture of stress-affected bainite

A method is presented for calculating both the macroscopic strains and the crystallographic bias which develop when a polycrystalline sample of austenitic steel is transformed into bainite or martensite under the influence of an applied stress or a system of stresses. Any texture present in the austenite prior to transformation is taken into account, as is the detailed crystallography of the transformation. Comparisons with experimental data are encouraging. A strong correlation has been observed between the proportion of the driving force for transformation that is attributed to stress and the extent of variant selection.
An Investigation of the State of Creativity and Critical Thinking in Engineering Undergraduates

The goal of an undergraduate engineering education is to provide students with the necessary knowledge and skills needed to solve real world problems. Creativity and critical thinking are two abilities essential for success in the workplace, and are highly sought after by employers. However, there is evidence of decreasing creativity and critical thinking in senior engineering students. This study sought to understand if freshman engineering students are measurably more creative, but less capable of critical thinking, than senior undergraduate engineering students. Creativity and critical thinking were measured using the Test for Creative Thinking-Drawing Production (TCT-DP) and the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA), respectively. The data suggest that freshman engineering students were significantly more creative than senior engineering students. However, senior engineering students were found to be no better at critical thinking than their freshman counterparts. When compared to normative data, the senior engineering students underperformed significantly compared to the general population of senior college students. With study limitations in mind, these findings may suggest that senior engineering students are not only less creative, but also less capable of critical thinking, than when they started their engineering program. If this is indeed the appropriate conclusion, then there is a need to understand the underlying issues driving the decline of creativity and critical thinking in engineering undergraduate students.