Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Statistical Optimization Techniques for Firewall Packet Filtering

Packet filtering plays a critical role in the performance of many network devices such as firewalls, IPSec gateways, DiffServ and QoS routers. A tremendous amount of research was proposed to optimize packet filters. However, most of the related works use deterministic techniques and do not exploit the traffic characteristics in their optimization schemes. In addition, most packet classifiers give no specific consideration for optimizing packet rejection, which is important for many filtering devices like firewalls. Our contribution in this paper is twofold. First, we present a novel algorithm for maximizing early rejection of unwanted flows without impacting other flows significantly. Second, we present a new packet filtering optimization technique that uses adaptive statistical search trees to utilize important traffic characteristics and minimize the average packet matching time. The proposed techniques timely adapt to changes in the traffic conditions by performing simple calculations for optimizing the search data structure. Our techniques are practically attractive because they exhibit simple-to-implement and easy-to-deploy algorithms. Our extensive evaluation study using Internet traces shows that the proposed techniques can significantly minimize the packet filtering time with reasonable memory space requirements.
The Herschel* PEP/HerMES luminosity function - I. Probing the evolution of PACS selected Galaxies to z ≃ 4

We exploit the deep and extended far-IR data sets (at 70, 100 and 160 mu m) of the Herschel Guaranteed Time Observation (GTO) PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) Survey, in combination with the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey data at 250, 350 and 500 mu m, to derive the evolution of the rest-frame 35-, 60-, 90-and total infrared (IR) luminosity functions (LFs) up to z similar to 4. We detect very strong luminosity evolution for the total IR LF (L-IR alpha (1 + z)(3.55 +/- 0.10) up to z similar to 2, and. (1 + z) 1.62 similar to 0.51 at 2 \textless z less than or similar to 4) combined with a density evolution ( (1 + z)-0.57 +/- 0.22 up to z similar to 1 and. (1 + z)-3.92 +/- 0.34 at 1 \textless z less than or similar to 4). In agreement with previous findings, the IR luminosity density (.IR) increases steeply to z similar to 1, then flattens between z similar to 1 and z similar to 3 to decrease at z similar to 3. Galaxies with different spectral energy distributions, masses and specific star formation rates (SFRs) evolve in very different ways and this large and deep statistical sample is the first one allowing us to separately study the different evolutionary behaviours of the individual IR populations contributing to.IR. Galaxies occupying the well-established SFR-stellar mass main sequence (MS) are found to dominate both the total IR LF and.IR at all redshifts, with the contribution from off-MS sources (= 0.6 dex above MS) being nearly constant (similar to 20 per cent of the total IR) and showing no significant signs of increase with increasing z over the whole 0.8 \textless z \textless 2.2 range. Sources with mass in the range 10 = log(M/M-circle dot) = 11 are found to dominate the total IR LF, with more massive galaxies prevailing at the bright end of the high-z (greater than or similar to 2) LF. A two-fold evolutionary scheme for IR galaxies is envisaged: on the one hand, a starburst-dominated phase in which the Super Massive Black Holes (SMBH) grows and is obscured by dust (possibly triggered by a major merging event), is followed by an AGN-dominated phase, then evolving towards a local elliptical. On the other hand, moderately star-forming galaxies containing a low-luminosity AGN have various properties suggesting they are good candidates for systems in a transition phase preceding the formation of steady spiral galaxies.
Injured road users' health-related quality of life after telephone intervention: a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether nursing intervention via telephone follow-up can affect health-related quality of life among road users in the postinjury phase. BACKGROUND Injuries in the traffic environment often cause both physical impairment and psychological trauma. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether nursing via telephone follow-up after discharge could affect health-related quality of life among injured road users. DESIGN A randomised controlled study. METHOD Between April 2003-April 2005, car occupants, cyclists and pedestrians, aged 18-70 years, all injured in the traffic environment, were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 288) or control group (n = 280). All patients were initially managed by one emergency department with the intervention group being followed up by nurse led telephone follow-up three weeks after discharge, while the control group did not receive any telephone follow-up. Data were collected from a mail survey using the non-disease-specific health-related quality of life instrument EQ5D, at baseline and after six months. RESULTS In general, the intervention group rated significantly higher health-related quality of life than the control group. This difference was most pronounced in the group of those provided with advice as part of telephone follow-up and significantly for the general health status. Car occupants gained most advantage from the nursing telephone follow-up, with significantly lower problems in the dimensions of pain/discomfort and usual activities. CONCLUSION Nursing intervention via telephone follow-up was effective at increasing the health-related quality of life of injured road users. Early identification of the concerns of the injured and specific advice provided by the intervening nurse seems to be of greatest weight. Thus, more research is needed regarding the usefulness of early support and the advantage of this from a health economic perspective. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE There is a need for changes in attitudes and working routines to identify individuals with low health-related quality of life and to give more extensive support from this point of view.
Neuronal communication in the synchronized brain: Investigating the functional role of visually induced gamma-band activity: Lessons from MEG

24 introduction 25 mAteriAls And methods 26 Subjects 26 Experimental paradigm and stimuli 26 Data acquisition 27 MEG-data analysis 27 Spectral analysis at the sensor level 28 Time course analysis at the sensor level 28 Spectral component analysis at the source level 29 fMRI data analysis 31 results 31 Localizing human visual gamma-band activity in time and frequency 31 Localizing human visual gamma-band activity in space 36 discussion 37 supplementAry dAtA 41 references 48
Disulfiram therapy –adverse drug reactions and interactions

Adverse drug reactions (ADR) to disulfiram treatment have been reported as single cases, but few systematic investigations exist. In this study we analysed the spontaneous ADR reports to the Danish Committee on Adverse Drug Reactions during 1968–1991. In that period 154 ADRs to disulfiram were reported, mainly of hepatic, neurological, skin, and psychiatric reactions, in decreasing order of frequency. The safety of disulfiram, estimated on the amount produced and the number of reactions reported, corresponds to an intermediate rate of adverse reactions (1 per 200–2000 treatment year). Over the 23‐year period, 14 deaths were reported in Denmark and this corresponds to a rate of 1 per 25,000 treatment year; the chief cause was liver toxicity. Reports to the WHO collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring in Uppsala, Sweden, showed the same ADR profile, although with a higher rate of neurological and psychiatric and a lower rate of hepatic reactions.
Understanding user behavior in large-scale video-on-demand systems

Video-on-demand over IP (VOD) is one of the best-known examples of "next-generation" Internet applications cited as a goal by networking and multimedia researchers. Without empirical data, researchers have generally relied on simulated models to drive their design and developmental efforts. In this paper, we present one of the first measurement studies of a large VOD system, using data covering 219 days and more than 150,000 users in a VOD system deployed by China Telecom. Our study focuses on user behavior, content access patterns, and their implications on the design of multimedia streaming systems. Our results also show that when used to model the user-arrival rate, the traditional Poisson model is conservative and overestimates the probability of large arrival groups. We introduce a modified Poisson distribution that more accurately models our observations. We also observe a surprising result, that video session lengths has a weak inverse correlation with the video's popularity. Finally, we gain better understanding of the sources of video popularity through analysis of a number of internal and external factors.
Attachment of Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. asaccharolyticus to Oral Surfaces and Its Possible Role in Colonization of the Mouth and of Periodontal Pockets

This investigation examined the ability of cells of Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. asaccharolyticus 381 to adhere to surfaces that might be important for its initial colonization of the mouth and its subsequent colonization in periodontal pockets. Of 48 asaccharolytic strains of B. melaninogenicus, 47 agglutinated human erythrocytes, whereas none of 20 fermentative strains, which included reference cultures of the subspecies intermedius and melaninogenicus, were active. Electron microscopy indicated that both asaccharolytic and fermentative strains possessed pili; hence, the presence of pili did not correlate with the hemagglutinating activities of B. melaninogenicus strains. Both asaccharolytic and fermentative B. melaninogenicus strains suspended in phosphate-buffered saline adhered in high numbers to buccal epithelial cells and to the surfaces of several gram-positive bacteria tested, including Actinomyces viscosus, A. naeslundii, A. israelii, Streptococcus sanguis, and S. mitis. B. melaninogenicus subsp. asaccharolyticus 381 also attached, but in comparatively low numbers, to untreated and to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite. Addition of clarified whole saliva to suspensions of strain 381 almost completely eliminated adherence to buccal epithelial cells and to hydroxyapatite surfaces, but saliva had no detectable effect on attachment to gram-positive plaque bacteria. Both fermentative and nonfermentative strains of B. melaninogenicus also attached in high numbers to crevicular epithelial cells derived from human periodontal pockets, but normal human serum strongly inhibited attachment. Serum also inhibited attachment of strain 381 to saliva- and serum-treated hydroxyapatite, but it had little effect upon attachment to gram-positive bacteria. These observations suggested that salivary and serum components would strongly inhibit the attachment of B. melaninogenicus cells to several oral surfaces, but not to the surfaces of certain gram-positive bacteria commonly present in human dental plaque. This was confirmed by an in vivo experiment in which streptomycin-labeled cells of B. melaninogenicus 381-R were introduced into the mouths of two volunteers. After 10 min, several hundred-fold higher numbers of the organism were recovered from preformed bacterial plaque present on teeth than from clean tooth surfaces or from the buccal mucosa and tongue dorsum. High numbers of B. melaninogenicus cells were also recovered from preformed plaque after 150 min, but virtually no cells of the organism were recovered from the other surfaces studied. These data suggest that the presence of dental plaque containing Actinomyces and other gram-positive bacteria may be essential for the attachment and colonization of B. melaninogenicus cells after their initial introduction into the mouth. Similarly, the presence of subgingival plaque containing gram-positive bacteria may be necessary for its secondary colonization in periodontal pockets.
The training of blind students at the SSLMIT - Trieste

in Italy originally started as a course for translators and interpreters in 1953, offering a limited number of language combinations at the Institute of Modern Languages of the Faculty of Economics. The course gained legal recognition and became the School of Modern Languages for Translators and Conference Interpreters (Scuola a fini speciali di lingue moderne per traduttori ed interpreti di conferenze) which, in 1978, was transformed by presidential decree into a university faculty in its own right (Riccardi 1995:60). The School was conceived during a period when new multicultural and linguistic contacts were developing out of the ruins of the Second World War, between allies, friends and former enemies, not only in the political arena. A dense network of international and bilateral relations developed in the decades following the War, increasing the need for quality interpretation and translation services, as did the founding of numerous international organizations such as the United Nations, NATO, EEC, EFTA etc. throughout the greater part of the 20 th century (Kellett Bidoli 1999:18). Though 'schools' for translators and interpreters had existed since the Middle Ages (Herbert 1952, p ix) there was a postwar boom in their proliferation in order to train qualified people to fill the ever growing demand for interpretation and translation; for example, Geneva Fifty years have seen many generations of students pass through the Trieste School, a tiny fraction of which have included blind students. The number is minuscule indeed: five totally blind students in all, though requests for admission (through an entrance examination) by the Blind has approximately doubled this number. We have had a few students with evident visual impairment but they had functional vision and were taught with the mainstream students without any necessary adaptations to teaching. As the proportion of blind students to sighted is so low why, one may ask, is there the need to write an article about the training of the Blind in such an institution? Three good reasons are firstly, although the Blind have the same rights to education as everyone else and therefore apply for admission to further education including interpreting institutions worldwide and form an integral part of the student population, next to nothing has been written neither about their experience nor
Singer Identification in Popular Music using Warped Linear Prediction

In most popular music, the vocals sung by the lead singer are the focal point of the song. The unique qualities of a singer’s voice make it relatively easy for us to identify a song as belonging to that particular artist. With little training, if one is familiar with a particular singer’s voice one can usually recognize that voice in other pieces, even when hearing a song for the first time. The research presented in this paper attempts to automatically establish the identity of a singer using acoustic features extracted from songs in a database of popular music. As a first step, an untrained algorithm for automatically extracting vocal segments from within songs is presented. Once these vocal segments are identified, they are presented to a singer identification system that has been trained on data taken from other songs by the same artists in the database.
Reduced Frequency of Peripheral Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Type 1 Diabetes

Dendritic cells (DCs) as antigen presenting cells play an important role in the initiation of an autoimmune disease like type 1 diabetes. Although there is evidence from the NOD mouse model that the function and frequency of DCs is altered in type 1 diabetes, there is little data on dendritic cells in human type 1 diabetes. We investigated peripheral blood myeloid (mDC1 and mDC2) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in 15 type 1 diabetes patients with recent onset (within the last 3 months) of type 1 diabetes as well as in 15 patients with long standing (more than 5 years) type 1 diabetes by flow cytometry. Both groups were compared to age matched controls. We observed a significantly reduced percentage of pDCs of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in both recent onset (0.13 vs. 0.25%, p=0.01) and long standing type 1 diabetes patients (0.13 vs. 0.24%, p=0.01). The absolute counts of pDCs per ml of blood were also significantly lower in both recent onset (mean 9560 vs. 13524, p=0.048) and long-standing diabetes (mean 7869 vs. 12202; p=0.05). The percentage of mDC1 was significantly diminished in recent onset (0.21% vs. 0.30%, p=0.034), but not in long standing type 1 diabetes. Our study demonstrates a persisting reduction of peripheral plasmacytoid DCs in type 1 diabetes patients. Since pDCs are involved in the control of immune responses and inducing regulatory cells, a reduced number of pDCs may predispose to an autoimmune reaction in the pancreatic islets.
A recurrent neural network for minimum infinity-norm kinematic control of redundant manipulators with an improved problem formulation and reduced architecture complexity

This paper presents an improved neural computation where scheme for kinematic control of redundant manipulators based on infinity-norm joint velocity minimization. Compared with a previous neural network approach to minimum infinity-non kinematic control, the present approach is less complex in terms of cost of architecture. The recurrent neural network explicitly minimizes the maximum component of the joint velocity vector while tracking a desired end-effector trajectory. The end-effector velocity vector for a given task is fed into the neural network from its input and the minimum infinity-norm joint velocity vector is generated at its output instantaneously. Analytical results are given to substantiate the asymptotic stability of the recurrent neural network. The simulation results of a four-degree-of-freedom planar robot arm and a seven-degree-of-freedom industrial robot are presented to show the proposed neural network can effectively compute the minimum infinity-norm solution to redundant manipulators.
Protection of dogs against canine distemper by vaccination with a canarypox virus recombinant expressing canine distemper virus fusion and hemagglutinin glycoproteins.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a live canarypox virus recombinant-canine distemper virus (CDV) combination vaccine against virulent CDV challenge exposure, and to document lack of interference among the other modified-live virus (MLV) components. ANIMALS 33 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Beagle pups (7 to 10 weeks old). PROCEDURE A canarypox virus recombinant-CDV combination vaccine was tested for safety and efficacy along with MLV components (canine adenovirus type 2, canine coronavirus, canine parainfluenza virus, and canine parvovirus) in 26 SPF Beagle pups. The combination vaccine was rehydrated with either Leptospira canicola-L icterohaemorrhagiae combination bacterin (vaccine 1) or sterile diluent (vaccine 2). An additional group of 7 seronegative SPF pups received the control MLV components devoid of the combination vaccine (vaccine 3). Two vaccinations were administered 21 days apart, either IM or SC. The dose of the combination vaccine used to inoculate these pups was 40 times lower than the recommended commercial dose. At 21 days after the booster vaccination, all pups were challenge exposed with a virulent CDV strain, then were observed for 21 days to record morbidity and mortality. RESULTS Adverse local or generalized reactions were not induced by vaccinations. All vaccinates seroconverted to CDV. Serum antibody titers to MLV components were not different, with or without inclusion of the combination vaccine. After challenge exposure, morbidity and mortality in vaccinates were 0% (0/26); in control dogs, values were 100% morbidity and 86% mortality (6/7). Brain impression smear slides made from all dogs that did not survive challenge exposure were CDV positive by use of a direct fluorescein isothiocyanate method. CONCLUSIONS The canarypox virus-CDV combination vaccine, administered SC or IM, is a safe product that elicits CDV seroconversion, does not interfere with other vaccine components, and protects vaccinated pups against virulent CDV challenge exposure.
Ecological segregation moderates a climactic conclusion to trout hybridization

For decades, it has been assumed that introgressive hybridization between introduced rainbow trout and native cutthroat trout in western North America will lead to genomic extinction of the latter. A broad-scale re-examination of their interaction indicates that ecological differences between these species and demographic processes are dictating the location and extent of their hybrid zones, and that runaway introgression between these taxa is unlikely.
The estimation and kernel metric of spectral correlation for text-independent speaker verification

Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) are commonly used in text-independent speaker verification for modeling the spectral distribution of speech. Recent studies have shown the effectiveness of characterizing speaker information using just the mean vectors of the GMM in conjunction with support vector machine (SVM). This paper advocates the use of spectral correlation captured by covariance matrices, and investigates its effectiveness compared to and in complement with the mean vectors. We examine two approaches, namely, homoscedastic and heteroscedastic modeling, in estimating the spectral correlation. We introduce two kernel metrics, namely, Frobenius angle and log-Euclidean inner product, for measuring the similarity between speech utterances in terms of spectral correlation. Experiment conducted on the NIST 2006 speaker verification task shows that approximately 10% of relative improvement is achieved by using the spectral correlation in conjunction with the mean vectors.
The Bradyrhizobium japonicum cycM gene encodes a membrane-anchored homolog of mitochondrial cytochrome c

Mitochondrial cytochrome c is a water-soluble protein in the intermembrane space which catalyzes electron transfer from the cytochrome bc1 complex to the terminal oxidase cytochrome aa3. In Bradyrhizobium japonicum, a gene (cycM) which apparently encodes a membrane-anchored homolog of mitochondrial cytochrome c was discovered. The apoprotein deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cycM gene consists of 184 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 19,098 and an isoelectric point of 8.35. At the N-terminal end (positions 9 to 31), there was a strongly hydrophobic domain which, by forming a transmembrane helix, could serve first as a transport signal and then as a membrane anchor. The rest of the protein was hydrophilic and, starting at position 72, shared about 50% sequence identity with mitochondrial cytochrome c. The heme-binding-site motif Cys-Gly-Ala-Cys-His was located at positions 84 to 88. A B. japonicum cycM insertion mutant (COX122) exhibited an oxidase-negative phenotype and apparently lacked cytochrome aa3 in addition to the CycM protein. The wild-type phenotype with respect to all characteristics tested was restored by providing the cycM gene in trans. The data supported the conclusion that the assembly of cytochrome aa3 depended on the prior incorporation of the CycM protein in the cytoplasmic membrane.