Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Roche tomography of cataclysmic variables – V. A high-latitude starspot on RU Pegasi

We present Roche tomograms of the secondary star in the dwarf nova system RU Pegasi derived from blue- and red-arm ISIS data taken on the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope. We have applied the entropy landscape technique to determine the system parameters and obtained component masses of M_1 = 1. 06M_sun, M_2 = 0. 96M_sun, an orbital inclination angle of i = 43◦ and an optimal systemic velocity of γ = 7 km/s. These are in good agreement with previously published values. Our Roche tomograms of the secondary star show prominent irradiation of the inner Lagrangian point due to illumination by the disc and/or bright spot, which may have been enhanced as RU Peg was in outburst at the time of our observations. We find that this irradiation pattern is axisymmetric and confined to regions of the star which have a direct view of the accretion regions. This is in contrast to previous attempts to map RU Peg which suggested that the irradiation pattern was non-symmetric and extended beyond the terminator. We also detect additional inhomogeneities in the surface distribution of stellar atomic absorption that we ascribe to the presence of a large starspot. This spot is centred at a latitude of ∼82◦ and covers approximately 4 per cent of the total surface area of the secondary. In keeping with the high-latitude spots mapped on the cataclysmic variables (CVs) AE Aqr and BV Cen, the spot on RU Peg also appears slightly shifted towards the trailing hemisphere of the star. Finally, we speculate that early mapping attempts which indicated non-symmetric irradiation patterns which extended beyond the terminator of CV donors could possibly be explained by a superposition of symmetric heating and a large spot.
The Rotation Velocity Attributable to Dark Matter at Intermediate Radii in Disk Galaxies

We examine the amplitude of the rotation velocity that can be attributed to the dark matter halos of disk galaxies, focusing on well-measured intermediate radii. The data for 60 galaxies spanning a large range of mass and Hubble types, taken together, are consistent with a dark halo velocity log Vh = 𝒞 + ℬ log R with 𝒞 = 1.47 and ℬ ≈ over the range of 1 < R < 74 kpc. The range in 𝒞 stems from different choices of the stellar mass estimator, from minimum to maximum disk. For all plausible choices of stellar mass, the implied densities of the dark halos are lower than expected from structure formation simulations in ΛCDM, which anticipate 𝒞 > 1.6. This problem is not specific to a particular type of galaxy or to the innermost region of the halo (cusp or core); the velocity attributable to dark matter is too low at all radii.
Automatic test generation: a use case driven approach

Use cases are believed to be a good basis for system testing. Yet, to automate the test generation process, there is a large gap to bridge between high-level use cases and concrete test cases. We propose a new approach for automating the generation of system test scenarios in the context of object-oriented embedded software, taking into account traceability problems between high-level views and concrete test case execution. Starting from a formalization of the requirements based on use cases extended with contracts, we automatically build a transition system from which we synthesize test cases. Our objective is to cover the system in terms of statement coverage with those generated tests: an empirical evaluation of our approach is given based on this objective and several case studies. We briefly discuss the experimental deployment of our approach in the field at Thales Airborne Systems.
Planktonic Euryarchaeota are a significant source of archaeal tetraether lipids in the ocean

Significance All three domains of life—Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea—are known to inhabit the marine water column from surface waters to great depth. Planktonic marine Archaea are comprised of two dominant groups—the Thaumarchaeaota and Euryarchaeota. The Thaumarchaeota contain characteristic biomarker lipids known as tetraethers that are thought to be diagnostic for this group, and are used as paleotemperature proxies, since these lipids are well preserved in marine sediments. In this study, we show that planktonic Euryarchaeota produce the same types of archaeal tetraether lipids as do Thaumarchaeaota. Our results have important implications for environmental surveys of marine Archaea, and the use of their lipids for interpretation of the sedimentary record. Archaea are ubiquitous in marine plankton, and fossil forms of archaeal tetraether membrane lipids in sedimentary rocks document their participation in marine biogeochemical cycles for >100 million years. Ribosomal RNA surveys have identified four major clades of planktonic archaea but, to date, tetraether lipids have been characterized in only one, the Marine Group I Thaumarchaeota. The membrane lipid composition of the other planktonic archaeal groups—all uncultured Euryarchaeota—is currently unknown. Using integrated nucleic acid and lipid analyses, we found that Marine Group II Euryarchaeota (MG-II) contributed significantly to the tetraether lipid pool in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre at shallow to intermediate depths. Our data strongly suggested that MG-II also synthesize crenarchaeol, a tetraether lipid previously considered to be a unique biomarker for Thaumarchaeota. Metagenomic datasets spanning 5 y indicated that depth stratification of planktonic archaeal groups was a stable feature in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The consistent prevalence of MG-II at depths where the bulk of exported organic matter originates, together with their ubiquitous distribution over diverse oceanic provinces, suggests that this clade is a significant source of tetraether lipids to marine sediments. Our results are relevant to archaeal lipid biomarker applications in the modern oceans and the interpretation of these compounds in the geologic record.
Bronchoalveolar lavage fibronectin in patients with sarcoidosis: correlation to hyaluronan and disease activity.

Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 51 patients with sarcoidosis and in 21 healthy nonsmokers. The concentration of fibronectin was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in lavage fluid from sarcoid patients (median 267 micrograms.l-1) than in that of controls (46 micrograms.l-1). Furthermore, a significantly higher concentration of fibronectin was found in patients with active disease than in those in whom the disease was inactive (p less than 0.001). In a six month follow-up perspective, patients with a progressive disease course had significantly higher levels of fibronectin than those who had a stable or regressive disorder (p less than 0.01). Correspondingly, lavage hyaluronan was higher (p less than 0.001) in sarcoid patients (55 micrograms.l-1) than in controls (9 micrograms.l-1) and higher (p less than 0.01) in those with active than in those with inactive disease. Patients with progressive disease had higher (p less than 0.01) concentrations of hyaluronan than those in whom the disease was stable. A significant correlation was found between lavage fibronectin levels and hyaluronan (r = 0.81, p less than 0.001). The percentage of mast cells was also higher in patients with active than in those with inactive disease (p less than 0.01) and higher in progressive than in stable sarcoidosis (p less than 0.001). Ten out of 10 patients with progressive disease had mast cells greater than or equal to 0.5%, hyaluronan greater than or equal to 50 micrograms.l-1 and fibronectin greater than or equal to 350 micrograms.l-1 compared to eight out of 41 patients with stable or regressive disease. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Beyond Political Ideology: The Impact of Attitudes Towards Government and Corporations on Trust in Science

Understanding public distrust of science is both theoretically and practically important. While previous research has focused on the association between political ideology and trust in science, it is at best an inconsistent predictor. This study demonstrates that two dimensions of political ideology—attitudes towards governments and corporations—can more precisely predict trust in science across issues. Using a survey in the United States and Germany on the science of climate change and genetically modified foods, we find that an individual’s trust in science varies across issues and that attitudes towards government and corporations are important predictors of this trust.
DETERMINANT FUNCTORS ON TRIANGULATED CATEGORIES

We study determinant functors which are defined on a triangulated category and take values in a Picard category. The two main results are the existence of a universal determinant functor for every small triangulated category, and a comparison theorem for determinant functors on a triangulated category with a non-degenerate bounded t-structure and determinant functors on its heart. For a small triangulated category Τ we give a natural definition of groups K 0 (Τ) and K 1 (Τ) in terms of the universal determinant functor on Τ, and we show that K i (Τ) ≅ K i (e) for i = 0 and 1 if Τ has a non-degenerate bounded t-structure with heart e .
An Instrumental Quality Measure for Artificially Bandwidth-Extended Speech Signals

Various studies have shown that the instrumental measures wideband PESQ and POLQA are not reliably predicting speech quality for artificial speech bandwidth extension (ABE) test conditions, as this has never been their scope. Based on data from a coordinated subjective listening test with 12 ABE variants developed by 6 different institutions, conducted in 4 languages, we propose in this work a novel instrumental quality measure that is specifically suited for narrowband-to-wideband ABE test conditions. In particular, our contributions are fourfold: First, we propose quality indicators particularly being able to detect ABE-related distortions. Second, we investigate the combination of perceptually and nonperceptually motivated distortion-related statistics. Third, we propose a support-vector-machine-based high-performance MOS predictor for ABE speech quality assessment, finally, we present the training process based on the subjective listening test data. A k-fold cross-validation test on 1) disjoint languages, 2) disjoint speakers, and 3) disjoint ABE solutions proves the superiority of our proposed measure in the ITU-T-recommended categories accuracy, consistency, and linearity compared to both, wideband PESQ and POLQA.
CLASSIFICATION OF EEG SIGNALS FOR DETECTION OF EPILEPTIC SEIZURES BASED ON WAVELETS AND STATISTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION

The electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is very important in the diagnosis of epilepsy. Long-term EEG recordings of an epileptic patient contain a huge amount of EEG data. The detection of epileptic activity is, therefore, a very demanding process that requires a detailed analysis of the entire length of the EEG data, usually performed by an expert. This paper describes an automated classification of EEG signals for the detection of epileptic seizures using wavelet transform and statistical pattern recognition. The decision making process is comprised of three main stages: (a) feature extraction based on wavelet transform, (b) feature space dimension reduction using scatter matrices and (c) classification by quadratic classifiers. The proposed methodology was applied on EEG data sets that belong to three subject groups: (a) healthy subjects, (b) epileptic subjects during a seizure-free interval and (c) epileptic subjects during a seizure. An overall classification accuracy of 99% was achieved. The results confirmed that the proposed algorithm has a potential in the classification of EEG signals and detection of epileptic seizures, and could thus further improve the diagnosis of epilepsy.
Words and feelings : children's vocabulary of selected emotions /

3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
Novel approaches for detecting fabric fault using Artificial Neural Network with K-fold validation

In this paper we have proposed a novel method to detect the defects in woven fabric based on the abrupt changes in the intensity of fabric image due to the defects and have constructed a classification model to properly identify the defects. We have also improved an existing method based on histogram processing for the classifier. In classification model we have implemented Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Both of our newly proposed method and improved technique have outperformed the existing methods. We have implemented K-validation to estimate the performance of our classification model. Additionally we have analyzed the performance of our classification model for different experimental parameters. Finally we have presented a comparative analysis of these techniques.
A survey on self-assessed well-being in a cohort of chronic locked-in syndrome patients: happy majority, miserable minority

Objectives Locked-in syndrome (LIS) consists of anarthria and quadriplegia while consciousness is preserved. Classically, vertical eye movements or blinking allow coded communication. Given appropriate medical care, patients can survive for decades. We studied the self-reported quality of life in chronic LIS patients. Design 168 LIS members of the French Association for LIS were invited to answer a questionnaire on medical history, current status and end-of-life issues. They self-assessed their global subjective well-being with the Anamnestic Comparative Self-Assessment (ACSA) scale, whose +5 and −5 anchors were their memories of the best period in their life before LIS and their worst period ever, respectively. Results 91 patients (54%) responded and 26 were excluded because of missing data on quality of life. 47 patients professed happiness (median ACSA +3) and 18 unhappiness (median ACSA −4). Variables associated with unhappiness included anxiety and dissatisfaction with mobility in the community, recreational activities and recovery of speech production. A longer time in LIS was correlated with happiness. 58% declared they did not wish to be resuscitated in case of cardiac arrest and 7% expressed a wish for euthanasia. Conclusions Our data stress the need for extra palliative efforts directed at mobility and recreational activities in LIS and the importance of anxiolytic therapy. Recently affected LIS patients who wish to die should be assured that there is a high chance they will regain a happy meaningful life. End-of-life decisions, including euthanasia, should not be avoided, but a moratorium to allow a steady state to be reached should be proposed.
A Compiler-Microarchitecture Hybrid Approach to Soft Error Reduction for Register Files

For embedded systems, where neither energy nor reliability can be easily sacrificed, this paper presents an energy efficient soft error protection scheme for register files (RFs). Unlike previous approaches, the proposed method explicitly optimizes for energy efficiency and can exploit the fundamental tradeoff between reliability and energy. While even simple compiler-managed RF protection scheme can be more energy efficient than hardware schemes, this paper formulates and solves further compiler optimization problems to significantly enhance the energy efficiency of RF protection schemes by an additional 30% on average, as demonstrated in our experiments on a number of embedded application benchmarks.
Derivation and Validation of a New Cardiovascular Risk Score for People With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To derive a 5-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk equation from usual-care data that is appropriate for people with type 2 diabetes from a wide range of ethnic groups, variable glycemic control, and high rates of albuminuria in New Zealand. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This prospective open-cohort study used primary-care data from 36,127 people with type 2 diabetes without previous CVD to derive a CVD equation using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Data from 12,626 people from a geographically different area were used for validation. Outcome measure was time to first fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular event, derived from national hospitalization and mortality records. Risk factors were age at diagnosis, diabetes duration, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, total cholesterol–to–HDL ratio, ethnicity, glycated hemoglobin (A1C), and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. RESULTS Baseline median age was 59 years, 51% were women, 55% were of non-European ethnicity, and 33% had micro- or macroalbuminuria. Median follow-up was 3.9 years (141,169 person-years), including 10,030 individuals followed for at least 5 years. At total of 6,479 first cardiovascular events occurred during follow-up. The 5-year observed risk was 20.8% (95% CI 20.3–21.3). Risk increased with each 1% A1C (adjusted hazard ratio 1.06 [95% CI 1.05–1.08]), when macroalbuminuria was present (2.04 [1.89–2.21]), and in Indo-Asians (1.29 [1.14–1.46]) and Maori (1.23 [1.14–1.32]) compared with Europeans. The derived risk equations performed well on the validation cohort compared with other risk equations. CONCLUSIONS Renal function, ethnicity, and glycemic control contribute significantly to cardiovascular risk prediction. Population-appropriate risk equations can be derived from routinely collected data.
Binary Encounters with Supermassive Black Holes: Zero-Eccentricity LISA Events

Current simulations of the rate at which stellar-mass compact objects merge with supermassive black holes (called extreme mass ratio in-spirals, or EMRIs) focus on two-body capture by emission of gravitational radiation. The gravitational wave signal of such events will likely involve a significant eccentricity in the sensitivity range of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). We show that tidal separation of stellar-mass compact object binaries by supermassive black holes will instead produce events whose eccentricity is nearly zero in the LISA band. Compared to two-body capture events, tidal separations have a high cross section and result in orbits that have a large pericenter and small apocenter. Therefore, the rate of interactions per binary is high, and the resulting systems are very unlikely to be perturbed by other stars into nearly radial plunges. Depending on the fraction of compact objects that are in binaries within a few parsecs of the center, the rate of low-eccentricity LISA events could be comparable to or larger than the rate of high-eccentricity events.
Automatic Domain Adaptation for Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Comparison of Multiple Classifiers

Domain adaptation (DA), which involves adapting a classifier developed from source to target data, has been studied intensively in recent years. However, when DA for word sense disambiguation (WSD) was carried out, the optimal DA method varied according to the properties of the source and target data. This paper proposes automatic DA based on comparing the degrees of confidence of multiple classifiers for each instance. We compared three classifiers for three DA methods, where 1) a classifier was trained with a small amount of target data that was randomly selected and manually labeled but without source data, 2) a classifier was trained with source data and a small amount of target data that was randomly selected and manually labeled, and 3) a classifier was trained with selected source data that were sufficiently similar to the target data and a small amount of target data that was randomly selected and manually labeled. We used the method whose degree of confidence was the highest for each instance when Japanese WSD was carried out. The average accuracy of WSD when the DA methods that were determined automatically were used was significantly higher than when the original methods were used collectively.
The job embeddedness-turnover relationship: Effects of organisation size and work group cohesion

Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to examine the job embeddedness (JE)-turnover intentions relationship in large and small organisations; second, to investigate how employee perceptions of each dimension of JE may differ in large and small organisations; and third, to determine if work group cohesion moderates the JE-turnover intentions relationship. Design/methodology/approach Using a short form of the original JE questionnaire, data were collected from 549 employees in organisations located in four major business centres in South Africa. Participants were from organisations in diverse industries. Findings JE predicted turnover intentions in large organisations, but not in small organisations. Contrary to expectations, employees in small organisations perceived that they would sacrifice more benefits than employees in large organisations if they were to quit. Results suggest that work group cohesion moderates the JE-turnover intentions relationship. Research limitations/implications Further research is needed to determine how JE operates in different size organisations and in urban and rural small organisations. Practical implications In small organisations, building group cohesion and persuasively communicating benefits of working in a small organisation can help to embed employees. Originality/value This study responds to calls for further JE research in a wider range of national contexts. It contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the three dimensions of JE by investigating how employee perceptions of each dimension differ in large and small organisations. The study also responds to appeals for research that examines moderators of the JE-turnover relationship by exploring work group cohesion as a potential moderator.
The Literate Brain: The Relationship between Spelling and Reading

We report the results of an fMRI investigation of the neural bases of written language comprehension (reading) and production (spelling). Both tasks were examined in the same individuals, allowing greater precision in establishing the relationship between the neural underpinnings of these two cognitive functions. Also examined was the relationship between written language substrates and those involved in face and object (house) processing. The results reveal that reading and spelling share specific left hemisphere substrates in the mid-fusiform gyrus and in the inferior frontal gyrus/junction. Furthermore, the results indicate that the left mid-fusiform substrates are specifically involved in lexical orthographic processing. We also find that written language and face processing exhibit largely complementary activation patterns in both the fusiform and the inferior frontal/junction areas, with left and right lateralization, respectively. In sum, these results provide perhaps the strongest evidence to date of components that are shared by written language comprehension (reading) and production (spelling), and they further our understanding of the role of literacy within the larger repertoire of cognitive operations and their neural substrates.