Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A flow‐shop manufacturing scheduling system with interactive computer graphics

Describes flow‐shop scheduling problems and an interactive graphical flow‐shop manufacturing scheduling system (FSMS) developed to handle any number of jobs and machines. Outlines the methodical approach of using scheduling tools, such as lower bound, automatic generation of near‐optimal system sequences and schedule optimization in which the user is guided in determining optimal sequence, to cut scheduling time and make the scheduling system flexible. Outputs are in the form of Gantt charts. The graphical capability can be a very useful tool for decision makers such as production and operations managers who often encounter many day‐to‐day scheduling problems and challenges.
Market reactions to the first‐time issuance of corporate sustainability reports: Evidence that quality matters

Purpose – The paper attempts to determine whether market participants see value in the corporate choice to begin publishing a standalone sustainability report. It also seeks to investigate whether differences in market reactions are associated with the quality of the sustainability report.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses standard market model methods to isolate the unexpected change in market returns in the period surrounding the announcement of the release of a first‐time sustainability report.Findings – The paper finds, on average, no significant market reaction to the announcement of the release of the sustainability reports. However, in cross‐sectional analyses, it is found that companies with the highest quality reports exhibited significantly more positive market reactions than companies issuing lower quality reports. These results hold when we control for firm size and membership in socially exposed industries.Research limitations/implications – The paper examines only the US firms and .
Exercise protocol induces muscle, tendon, and bone adaptations in the rat shoulder.

BACKGROUND a rat model of supraspinatus overuse has suggested mechanisms governing tendon degeneration; however, delineating which changes are pathologic or simply physiologic adaptations to increased loading remains a question. The objective of this study was to develop and characterize a rat exercise model that induces systemic and local shoulder adaptations without mechanical injury to the supraspinatus tendon. METHODS exercise rats completed a treadmill training protocol for 12 weeks. Body, fat pad, and heart weights were determined. Supraspinatus tendon collagen content, cross-sectional area, and mechanical properties were measured. Supraspinatus muscle cross-sectional area, weight, and the expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins were measured. Humeri were analyzed with μCT and mechanically tested. RESULTS exercise decreased fat pad mass. Supraspinatus muscle hypertrophied and had increased OXPHOS proteins. Humerus trabecular bone had increased anisotropic orientation, and cortical bone showed increased bone and tissue mineral density. Importantly, the supraspinatus tendon did not have diminished mechanical properties, indicating that this protocol was not injurious to the tendon. CONCLUSION this study establishes the first rat exercise protocol that induces adaptations in the shoulder. Future research can use this as a comparison model to study how the supraspinatus tendon adapts to loading and undergoes degeneration with overuse.
Training teachers to use new technologies impacts multiple ecologies: Evidence from a national initiative

A pair of papers re-examined the evidence from a national initiative to train all teachers in England to bring them up to the level of newly qualified teachers, who are required to know when to use and when not to use information and communication technologies (ICT) in their professional practice. The first paper confirmed that multilevel evaluation of professional development was robust for ICT teacher training. This second paper contrasts the highest and lowest rated designs for ICT teacher training: an ‘organic’ approach that provided training in schools was highly rated, whereas a centralised computer-assisted learning approach with online access to trainers was the lowest rated design. The study supports an ecological view of the diffusion of ICT innovations in education and recommends that ICT teacher training be designed to support evolution of each teacher's classroom, school and region, as well as the training of the ICT teacher trainers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Evaluation of adenosine triphosphate-bioluminescence hygiene monitoring for trouble-shooting fluid milk shelf-life problems.

An ATP-bioluminescence hygiene monitoring system was used to evaluate food contact surfaces in four fluid milk plants experiencing shelf-life problems. Postpasteurization surfaces, including gaskets, pipe fittings, valves, filler parts, and hand-washed items, were evaluated. Swab results, measured in relative light units proportional to total recovered ATP, were compared with results from the standard method of microbiological swab contact for adjacent sites of equal area. Microbiological procedures included standard plate count, coliform count, and Gram-negative bacteria count. Standard plate counts were < 1, 1 to 50, and > 50 cfu in 65, 22, and 13% of swabbed sites of < 100 RLU (relative light units); in 9, 36, and 55% of sites of 100 to 150 RLU; and in 22, 18, and 60% of sites of > 50 RLU, respectively. Thirteen sites were found with standard plate counts > 10,000 cfu per site and identified with the hygiene monitoring system (> 150 RLU). Gram-negative bacteria were the dominant bacterial type in a majority of these samples. Gram-negative bacteria were detected in a total of 22 sites tested; mean counts were 2100 cfu per site for Gram-negative bacteria and 20 cfu per site for coliform bacteria. Although limited to use on accessible sites, the hygiene monitoring system proved to be an effective, rapid tool for identifying the possible sources of postpasteurization contamination in the fluid milk plants evaluated.
THE RELATION BETWEEN RETURNS, OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE, AND MARKET VALUE

Numerous empirical studies have documented the small firm effect of higher risk-adjusted returns for small firms in contrast to large firms. The explanation for such a phenomenon remains incomplete. This research examines the relationship among ownership structure, size, and returns under the hypothesis that firms with diffuse ownership (manager controlled) have higher returns to compensate for the risk inherent in the agency relationship. This research adds a dimension to the explanation of the small firm effect, which is well-founded in economic theory but has not been tested. The results indicate no significant relationship between ownership and return.
Overeducation, undereducation, and the theory of career mobility: a comment and a note on underemployment

Overeducated workers are commonly defined as having more schooling than required and more schooling than others in their occupations. Accordingly, the concept of overeducation compares the educational levels of workers within occupational categories. In subtle contrast, underemployed workers are employed in occupations requiring less education than the individuals have, comparing the occupational levels of workers with similar educational attainment. This subtle difference potentially leads to interpretation flaws. For example, Büchel and Mertens (2004) claim ‘overeducated workers in Germany have markedly lower relative wage growth rates than adequately educated workers. ’ Since Büchel and Mertens control for educational attainment and not occupational levels, this statement and others are shown to be potentially flawed and subject to misinterpretation. Such statements need to clearly indicate that similarly educated individuals are being compared across occupational levels. This is because the common definition of overeducation suggests the opposite – that individuals with similar occupation levels are being compared across levels of schooling.
HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS AFTER BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION RISK FACTORS AND COMPLICATIONS

Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a major cause of morbidity after BMT; we have analyzed its incidence, risk factors, and complications in 977 patients undergoing BMT between 1974 and 1988. Despite vigorous hydration and frequent voiding in all patients receiving cyclophosphamide, 135/977 (15% by Kaplan-Meier projection) developed HC (micro- or gross hematuria, dysuria, bladder pain) between −11 and +100 days (median +22) after BMT. Of these, 60 had severe HC, including major urinary obstruction (4/60), renal failure (13/60), or need for surgical or chemical bladder cauterization (16/60). By univariate analysis, allogeneic BMT recipients had more frequent HC than autologous patients (17% vs. 9%, P = 0.002). In addition, allogeneic patients with adenoviruria were at increased risk for the development of HC. Patients with aplastic anemia conditioned with high dose cyclophosphamide and total lymphoid irradiation had the highest rate of HC (22%) versus those with hematologic malignancies (15%, P = 0.03). A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to further identify those factors independently associated with HC. In all regression models, the factor most highly associated with the development of HC was the finding of adenovirus in the urine preceding the onset of hematuria. HC-related morbidity, and its associated increased hospitalization costs, frequently complicates BMT. Improved prophylactic measures, perhaps including the use of 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate, are needed, at least for allogeneic BMT patients with their attendant risk of adenovirus infection.
Style analysis of Chinese funds

This study investigates the investment styles of Chinese funds. The index-based multi-factor model is introduced, allowing the asset allocation to bond assets. The evidence shows herding behaviour among funds. It is found that Chinese funds strongly prefer large-cap stocks and slightly prefer growth stocks. This is explained by the low liquidity risk and earning stability associated with this kind of investment strategy. Further study discovers that fund managers who invest in growth stocks as a group show superior stock selection ability than those managers who invest in value stocks.
Local and regional factors influencing zooplankton communities in the connected Kasseb Reservoir, Tunisia

Associations between zooplankton community structure and abiotic (temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, nutriments) and biotic factors (chlorophyll a and phytoplankton community) were examined, in Kasseb Reservoir, northern Tunisia. Samples were taken bimonthly from July to December 2002 at 3 sampling stations (deepest station: Station 1, Brik River: Station 2 and M’Zaz Stama River: Station 3). From our results it is evident that zooplankton exhibit seasonally and spatially heterogeneous distribution. The highest density of zooplankton was recorded in September at a depth of 5 m (10.8 × 103 ind·l-1). At Station 1 cyclopoid copepods (65% of total abundance) were the most abundant group followed by Cladocera (21% of total abundance). At Station 2 (93% of total abundance) and Station 3 (98% of total abundance) cyclopoid copepods were numerically dominant throughout the study period. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to estimate the influence of abiotic and biotic factors in structuring the zooplankton assemblage. Zooplankton abundance was negatively correlated with turbidity (r= -0.381, P species richness and community structure of zooplankton in Kasseb Reservoir. The presence of zooplankton species considered to be indicators of eutrophic status confirmed the high trophic levels of Kasseb Reservoir.
Using Mixed Methods to Develop a Frame-Based Private Landowner Typology

An important goal of community-based management is to engage a wider network of stakeholders in conservation and management decisions. Using mixed methods, we constructed a frame-based private landowner typology to identify landowner response patterns to vernal pool conservation and management in Maine. Drawing on data from interviews and focus groups, we identified two opposing frames that described landowner views on vernal pools (personal gain and personal loss). A mail survey identified three groups of private landowners (Supportive, Uncertain, and Opposing) with similar sociodemographic and property variables but different aesthetic preferences, economic concerns, and views on property rights and conservation. Our results suggest that frame-based typologies are useful for enhancing communications with different landowner groups and in identifying trusted information sources and communication preferences. Our approach represents a critical first step toward understanding and integrating a range of landowner perspectives into conservation practice and enhancing private landowner cooperation in proactive planning.
Photosynthetic down-regulation over long-term CO2 enrichment in leaves of sour orange (Citrus aurantium) trees.

• Understanding how trees are affected by a long-term increase in atmospheric CO2 is crucial to understanding the future impact of global climate change. Measurements of photosynthetic characteristics were made in sour orange trees (Citrus aurantium) growing under an enhanced CO2 atmosphere and N-replete soil for 14 yr to determine whether photosynthetic down-regulation had occurred. • Photosynthesis, A : Ci gas exchange relationships and Rubisco activity and content were measured throughout the 14th year of the experiment. The CO2 -induced enhancement ratio of photosynthesis was calculated and compared with estimates of the enhancement of cumulative wood biomass production. • Content of the large subunit of Rubisco was significantly reduced by CO2 enrichment indicating that down-regulation had occurred. A high correlation between the CO2 -induced enhancement of photosynthesis and the enhancement of cumulative wood biomass production suggested that the decline in wood biomass production was closely related to the decline in photosynthesis. • These results indicate that long-term CO2 enrichment can result in photosynthetic down-regulation in leaves of trees, even under nonlimiting N conditions.
Enterprising Women: Expanding Economic Opportunities in Africa

This book brings together new household and enterprise data from 41 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to inform policy makers and practitioners about ways to expand women entrepreneurs' economic opportunities. Women's empowerment is recognized as the third millennium development goal; in 2012 the World Bank dedicated its annual flagship, the World Development Report, to gender equality and development (World Bank 2011); and the Nobel prize for peace was awarded to three pioneering women (two from Liberia) working for peace in their countries' fights for democracy and for greater opportunities for women. This book focuses attention on Sub-Saharan Africa, and specifically on entrepreneurship in the nonagricultural sector. The issue of gender disparities in economic opportunities in the region has been studied in terms of gaps in wage income and in job sorting in wage work (Arbache, Kolev, and Filipiak 2010; Fafchamps, Soderbom, and Benhassine 2009; Kolev and Sirven 2010). Other cross-country work has looked at entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa, but rarely with much attention paid to gender (Bigsten and Soderbom 2006; Tybout 2000; World Bank 2004). But entrepreneurship is where women in Sub-Saharan Africa are most active outside of agriculture. So it is critical to look at entrepreneurship to understand the extent of gender disparities in economic opportunities, determine the underlying reasons for these gender patterns, and develop an agenda to enable more women to realize their full potential.
Human capital reporting by Malaysian services companies

Non-financial information such as human capital has become an important source of information in determining corporate value and firm wealth in the era of globalization, technological change, and knowledge-intensive economy. Human capital is a key element in improving a company's assets that can be used to increase productivity as well as to sustain competitive advantage. Currently human capital disclosure represents part of the voluntary information disclosed by companies. This study examines the human capital disclosure practices of the top 100 listed services companies in Malaysia. The study uses a qualitative approach of content analysis to analyze disclosure in companies' 2009 annual reports. The findings reveal than human capital disclosure varies across industries. Companies in the finance industry revealing the most human capital information while companies in hotel industry revealing the least information.
Reception of refugees in Swedish municipalities: evidences from comparative case studies

By focusing on the Swedish municipality level, we provide an intensive examination of how several Swedish municipalities design their local refugee policy, according to which they either accept or do not accept refugees. This can vary because of either instrumental or symbolic reasons. Combining this local perspective with actor-oriented theory, we derive from rationalistic premises concerning how political leaders and bureaucrats act to maximize their interests. By selecting municipalities that share important characteristics except their attitude towards the reception of refugees, we can, through analysing interviews and documents, show how a pragmatic view and internal constraints often shape local decision-making in terms of shaping refugee policy. Rationalistic perspectives do not prevail completely, though implying that other factors influence decision-making in this area.
On the Effectiveness of SB1070 in Arizona

We investigate the effectiveness of Arizonaâ€™s omnibus immigration law SB1070, which made it a misdemeanor crime for an alien to not carry proper documentation and asked police to determine the immigration status of any person suspected of being an illegal alien during a lawful stop. We find that SB1070â€™s enactment coincided with the stalling to slight recovery of the share of non-citizen Hispanics in Arizona three years after the enactment of an employment verification mandate to all employers. Yet, its effectiveness in reducing the share of likely unauthorized immigrants has been minimal and questions the merit of the law.
Varieties of insider corporate governance: the determinants of business preferences and corporate governance reform in the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland

Recent studies investigating the politics of corporate governance reforms have drawn attention to the importance of corporate ownership structures for the outcome of reforms. This is owing to the impact aggregate ownership structures have on centre-right parties' electoral strategies. In this article, I challenge electoral strategy explanations by underscoring the importance of completing it with an interest group power explanation of corporate governance reforms. Based on the cases of the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland, I show that opening up the black box of insider-orientated corporate governance systems is crucial in order to understand how ownership structures influence corporate governance reforms across different ‘insider systems’. My findings suggest that the extent to which insider control relies on legal control enhancing mechanisms strongly influences insider preferences in the political struggles over corporate governance and may influence the outcomes of these reforms.
Promoting African Pioneers in Business: what Makes a Context Conducive to Small-Scale Entrepreneurship?

This article aims at improving our understanding of the preconditions for success for the millions of unemployed workers in Africa struggling to build their own busi nesses. Based on some 'classical ' entrepreneurship theory, a simple three-step process model of business development makes the starting point for discussing empir ical findings from two case studies in Arusha, Tanzania. The case study methodology takes the advantage of the actor approach, viewing the business context from the point of view of an individual entrepreneur. The potential role of mentors is under lined for 'strengthening entrepreneurial attitudes'. A platform of knowledge and access to information is crucial for 'picking business opportunities', The role of gov ernment is limited only to providing support in 'navigating towards success'. It is underlined that policies should aim at promoting true innovators, not only copyists.
Female Early Adult Depression Results in Detrimental Impacts on the Behavioral Performance and Brain Development in Offspring

Aims: The present study was to understand whether early adult depressive females implicated their offspring. Methods: Seven‐week‐old female mice were subject to chronic mild stress (CMS) to establish the animal model of depression. The behavioral performance of their offspring were tested via neonatal reflexes tests, hole‐board test, and morris water maze test in different ages. Astrocyte number, hippocampal volume, and neurogenesis were analyzed via immunohistochemical blotting. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and serum cortisol levels were measured by western blotting and ELISA. Results: Female depressive mice had normal fertility, but their offspring had lowered neonatal survival rate and body weight from neonatal period to early adulthood. The offspring of female depressive mice exhibited the impairments of neonatal reflex attainment and memory, but had higher emotionality as adults. Furthermore, the astrocyte number, hippocampal volume, and neurogenesis were reduced in the offspring. However, the expressions of GR were increased in the hippocampus of offspring. Conclusion: This study reveals that female early adult depressive mice have normal reproductive ability, but make long‐term detrimental impacts on the behavioral performance and brain development of their offspring.
Efficacy and safety of hepatic artery infusion catheter placement without fixation in the right gastroepiploic artery.

PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of placing the tip of an infusion catheter in the right gastroepiploic artery via the femoral route and whether coil placement in the gastroduodenal artery and around the infusion catheter tip should be performed to avoid gastroduodenal toxicity and catheter dislocation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-eight patients (25 women and 53 men; age, 38-79 years; mean, 63 years) underwent implantation of a 5-F chemotherapeutic infusion catheter via the femoral artery, positioned so that the tip was in the right gastroepiploic artery and a side hole was in the common hepatic artery. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A included patients with coil placement in the gastroduodenal artery and around the infusion catheter tip and group B included patients without coil placement. RESULTS Catheter placement via the femoral route was successful in 70 of 78 patients (90%). Mean catheter indwell durations were 250 days (range, 0-962 days) in group A (n = 35) and 230 days (range, 0-834 days) in group B (n = 43; P = .9). Complications relating to long-term catheter duration in the right gastroepiploic artery did not occur in any patient. Two patients in each group had abdominal pain during infusion chemotherapy. Endoscopy revealed acute gastric mucosal lesions. Dislocation of the catheter tip during treatment occurred in one patient in each group. CONCLUSION Catheter placement in the right gastroepiploic artery is safe and feasible except in patients with a long and caudally oriented celiac trunk. Coil embolization of the gastroduodenal artery and around the catheter tip is unnecessary.