Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender, emotion, and nervios in urban Guatemala

This study of nervios in a poor, resettled colonia (neighborhood) outside Guatemala City is part of an ongoing analysis of the cross‐cultural significance and meaning of nerves. In the Guatemalan context, nervios is treated by sufferers as an illness, rather than a symptom, and is associated with experiencing strong emotions, particularly anger (colera, se enoja) and grief or sorrow (pena), and with problems related to reproduction and child rearing. It is generally treated with “nerve pills”; purchased at a local store or with home remedies. Nervios is predominantly reported by women, and the etiological explanations of emotion and childbearing problems suggest that at least part of the meaning of the Guatemalan version of nervios is linked to gender and gender‐based concerns. The Guatemala data on nervios provide an excellent opportunity to explore the relationships between gender, emotion, and illness.
Efferent projections of the deep mesencephalic nucleus (pars medialis) in the rat

The projections of the medial part of the deep mesencephalic nucleus (DMN) were traced by autoradiography and retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) techniques. No ascending projections were observed from the medial part of the DMN; however, two groups of descending fibers were observed. One group crossed the midline and coursed to the caudal part of the red nucleus. At this point, these fibers divided into two distinct bundles. One bundle of fibers passed caudally to terminate in the contralateral pontine reticular nucleus, superior olive‐trapezoid body complex, gigantocellular nucleus, and upper cervical spinal cord. The other bundle entered the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and coursed through the pons and medulla without termination, to enter the cervical spinal cord where terminations were noted in the dorsal horn. The other group of fibers from the medial DMN descended through the ipsilateral pons and medulla, projecting to the pontine reticular nucleus, superior olive‐trapezoid body complex, gigantocellular nucleus, and upper cervical spinal cord. These findings indicate that the medial part of the DMN is likely to be involved in complex sensorimotor events via reticulobulbar and reticulospinal connections.
Plasma and EBC microRNAs as early biomarkers of non-small-cell lung cancer

Abstract Lung cancer is a major cause of death in Western countries. Current screening methods are invasive and still lead to a high percentage of false positives. There is, therefore, a need to find biomarkers that increase the probability of detecting lung cancer early. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are stable molecules in blood plasma and exhaled breath condensate (EBC). We quantified miRNA-21 and miRNA-486 expression from plasma and EBC samples from patients with a diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and controls. miRNA-21 was significantly higher in plasma and in EBC of the NSCLC patients and miRNA-486 was significantly lower. This difference indicates a significantly improved diagnostic value, and suggests that these miRNAs could be clinically used as a first-line screening test in high-risk subjects.
Isolated form-focused instruction and integrated form-focused instruction in primary school English classrooms in Turkey

Content-based language instruction and form-focused instruction (FFI) have been investigated extensively in the context of English as a second language. However, there has not been much research concerning FFI in the context of English as a foreign language. The study described here explores the effect of integrated and isolated FFI on the vocabulary, grammar, and writing development of foreign language learners in two separate classes at the primary level in Turkey. It also investigates students’ attitudes towards integrated and isolated FFI. Findings suggest that the students receiving integrated FFI performed better than students receiving isolated FFI in all measures. In addition, the students expressed a preference for integrated FFI.
Development of Insulin Resistance in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes*

Insulin resistance is a manifestation of both diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the mechanism is still not clearly identified. Herein, we describe a procedure that allows us to evaluate the development of insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Under these conditions, we show that the concentration of insulin required for 50% desensitization of glucose transport activity is 100 pM; maximal desensitization could be achieved with 1 nM. This demonstrates for the first time that 3T3-L1 adipocytes develop insulin resistance in response to physiologically relevant concentrations of insulin. Glucose (or glucosamine), in addition to insulin, was required to establish desensitization. The expression of GLUT4 protein decreased by 50% with exposure to 10 nM insulin. The dose-dependent loss of GLUT4 was similar to the dose dependence for insulin-resistant transport activity. Translocation in the presence of acute insulin was apparent, but the extent of recruitment directly reflected the decrease in GLUT4 protein. GLUT4 mRNA also declined, but the ED50 was approximately 5 nM. Together, these data suggest that the loss of GLUT4 protein likely underlies the cause of desensitization. However, the loss of GLUT4 protein did not correlate with the loss in GLUT4 mRNA suggesting post-translational control of GLUT4 expression.
Effect of environmental air pollution on type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE Air pollution is a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the evidence is limited and diverse. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of environmental air pollution on incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS In this study, we identified 102 published studies through a systematic data base search including ISI-Web of Science, EMBASE and PubMed. We searched the related literature by using the key terms including diabetes mellitus, air pollution, occupational and environmental pollution, gaseous, NO2, particulate matter pollutants PM2.5, and PM10. Studies in which diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, air pollution, occupational and environmental pollution was discussed were included in the study. No confines on publication status, study design or language of publication were considered. Descriptive and quantitative information were extracted from the selected literature. Finally we included 21 publications and remaining studies were excluded. RESULTS Air pollution is a leading cause of insulin resistance and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The association between air pollution and diabetes is stronger for traffic associated pollutants, gaseous, nitrogen dioxide, tobacco smoke and particulate matter. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to air pollutants is significantly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that, environmental protection officials must take high priority steps to minimize the air pollution, hence to decrease the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The effects of blood pressure reduction on cognitive function: a review of effects based on pooled data from clinical trials

Objective To review systematically and synthesize quantitatively the evidence from completed randomized, controlled trials of blood pressure reduction on cognitive performance. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched to identify randomized, controlled trials that measured the effect of blood pressure reduction on cognitive performance. Additional studies were identified by searching bibliographies of retrieved articles and contacting experts in the field. Data were extracted on study quality, blood pressure, performance on cognitive function tests, antihypertensive treatment regimens and the duration of treatment. Studies were reviewed and abstracted independently by two trained researchers. Results Sixteen studies with 19 501 subjects were identified. Modest reductions in blood pressure (< 5/3 mmHg) in 13 860 subjects were associated with improvements in Mini Mental State Examination score [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.19–0.19] and performance on immediate (WMD = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.21–1.02) and delayed (WMD = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.23–1.11) logical memory tasks. However, studies in 2380 subjects that included tests of perceptual processing and learning capacity (trail making test-A, paired associated learning test) showed impaired performance (WMD = −1.12 s; 95% CI = −1.22 to −1.02 and WMD = −0.04; 95% CI = −0.04 to −0.04) on these tests. Conclusion Blood pressure lowering may have a heterogeneous effect on different aspects of cognitive function. Future studies with specific cognitive end-points are needed for greater clarity to guide practice.
French Prospective Clinical Evaluation of the Aptima Mycoplasma genitalium CE-IVD Assay and Macrolide Resistance Detection Using Three Distinct Assays

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the Aptima Mycoplasma genitalium transcription-mediated amplification (MG-TMA) CE-marked for in vitro diagnosis (CE-IVD) assay for the detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in male and female clinical samples in comparison with the in-house real-time PCR (in-house PCR) assay routinely used in our laboratory. A total of 1,431 clinical specimens obtained from 1,235 patients were prospectively collected at the Bacteriology Department of Bordeaux University Hospital (France). Additional research-use-only Aptima M. genitalium transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assays, Alt1-TMA and Alt2-TMA, were performed on discordant specimens to determine M. genitalium infection status. All confirmed M. genitalium-positive specimens were tested for macrolide resistance using three assays: the in-house 23S rRNA FRET PCR assay, the SpeeDx ResistancePlus MG assay and the nested reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) sequencing assay. The comparison of the MG-TMA assay with the in-house PCR results showed a moderate correlation (kappa value, 0.69). The MG-TMA assay had higher clinical sensitivity compared to that of the in-house PCR assay (100% versus 59.74%, respectively) and similar specificity (99.10% versus 100%, respectively) for M. genitalium detection. In this study, the prevalence of M. genitalium infection was 5.90% (72/1,220 patients). The nested RT-PCR sequencing assay was the most sensitive but the most laborious assay for detecting macrolide-resistance-associated mutations. The prevalence of resistance was 8.33% (6/72). To our knowledge, this is the first clinical evaluation of the MG-TMA CE-IVD assay. The MG-TMA assay performed on the automated Panther system is a very sensitive and specific method for the detection of M. genitalium in clinical specimens.
Discourse Processing of First and Second Language Biology Texts: Effects of Language Proficiency and Domain‐Specific Knowledge

This article investigates the effects of graduate science students' domain-specific knowledge and language proficiency on local lexical and syntactic processing and on semantic and higher conceptual processing of biology texts written in the students' first and second language. In our research, language proficiency consistently affected lower-level processing. However, it appeared to have few concomitant effects on processing of semantic information. Domain-specific knowledge, on the other hand, affected every aspect of comprehension of semantic information that was assessed in the study. However, it had fewer effects on local lexical and syntactic processing. These results were consistent with theories of discourse comprehension that view processing of local lexical and syntactic information and processing of semantic and higher conceptual information as being both multilevel and modular. The results of the study also suggest that caution should be exercised when applying conclusions drawn from studies of languages from the Indo-European family to languages of a greater linguistic distance, such as Chinese.
Improved Antitumor Activity and Tumor Targeting of NH2-Terminal–Specific PEGylated Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand

Tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered an attractive anticancer agent due to its tumor cell–specific cytotoxicity. However, its low stability, solubility, unexpected side effects, and weak pharmacokinetic profiles restrict its successful clinical application. To develop efficient TRAIL-based anticancer biotherapeutics, a new version of trimeric TRAIL was constructed by incorporating trimer-forming zipper sequences (HZ-TRAIL), and then NH2-terminal–specific PEGylation was done to produce PEGylated TRAIL (PEG-HZ-TRAIL). The biological, physicochemical, and pharmaceutical characteristics of PEG-HZ-TRAIL were then investigated using various in vitro and in vivo experiments, including a cell-based cytotoxicity test, a solubility test, pharmacokinetic analysis, and antitumor efficacy evaluations. Although slight activity loss occurred after PEGylation, PEG-HZ-TRAIL showed excellent tumor cell–specific cytotoxic effects via apoptotic pathways with negligible normal cell toxicity. The stability and pharmacokinetic problems of HZ-TRAIL were successfully overcome by PEGylation. Furthermore, in vivo antitumor tests revealed that PEG-HZ-TRAIL treatment enhanced therapeutic potentials compared with HZ-TRAIL in tumor xenograft animal models, and these enhancements were attributed to its better pharmacokinetic properties and tumor-targeting performance. These findings show that PEG-HZ-TRAIL administration provides an effective antitumor treatment, which exhibits superior tumor targeting and better inhibits tumor growth, and suggest that PEG-HZ-TRAIL should be considered a potential candidate for antitumor biotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(6); 1719–29. ©2010 AACR.
Haptics can modulate the Hering and Wundt illusions1,2

: It is generally believed that, when information from different sensory modalities is in conflict, vision typically dominates touch. In contrast, it has been shown that haptics can play an important role in the development of visual spatial perception in congenitally blind or early blinded people with restored sight. In the present study, the relationship between touch and vision was investigated by examining the effects of haptics on the appearance of the Hering and Wundt optical illusions in sighted individuals. Participants judged the apparent curvature of two lines in Hering- and Wundt-type figures, while they actively explored a wooden board that was shaped concave, convex, or parallel. They were asked to choose a comparison figure whose shape matched the apparent curvature of the two test lines. The results revealed that the participants’ responses were biased towards the curvature obtained by actively touching the haptic stimuli.
ST-elevation myocardial infarction due to acute occlusion of the right coronary artery and con- comitant very late stent thrombosis in the left circumflex artery

We report on a 72-year-old patient who presented with a STEMI due to acute occlusion of the right coronary artery and concomitant late stent thrombosis in the left circumflex artery. Notably, acute thrombus formation occurred in stents that had been implanted in the LCx nine years before the current event. We conclude that STEMI patients are in a hypercoagulant state and therefore prone to very late stent thrombosis which requires adequate awareness of the interventionist.
Effect of aspirin on gastric secretion

It has been known for many years that ingestion of aspirin is frequently followed by damage to the gastric mucosa. Douthwaite and Lintott (1938) and Weiss, Pitman, and Graham (1961) have observed gastroscopically haemorrhagic erosions in the stomach after administration of aspirin. The effect of aspirin on the stomach of experimental animals has been documented in a large volume of literature from 1909 when Chistoni and Lapresa noted hyperaemia and ulceration in the stomach of dogs and rabbits after oral administration of aspirin. Dodd, Minot, and Arena (1937), Barbour and Dickerson (1938), and Busacchi (1938) have all made similar observations in dogs, rats, and mice using aspirin, sodium salicylate, or methyl salicylate, given either orally or intravenously. The mechanism by which aspirin damages the stomach is not known. The overall impression from the literature is that aspirin produces its gastric effects by increasing acidity. The evidence for this is not very strong, in either man or animals. Publications discussing this point may be roughly divided into three groups, although several papers overlap into more than one group. Group 1 comprises those reports describing a raised gastric acidity after the administration of aspirin or of salicylate, group 2 those noting no change in acidity, and group 3 depression of gastric acid after aspirin. Reports in group 1 are those of Leichtentritt (1931), Schnedorf, Bradley, and Ivy (1936), Clark and Adams (1947), Kirsner and Ford (1955), Schneider (1957), Stubbe (1958), and Winkelman and Summerskill (1961); in group 2, those of Douthwaite and Lintott (1938), Hurst (1943), Muir and Cossar (1955), Lange (1957a), Schneider (1957), Gompertz, Schlenker, Kier, Mayoral, and Crews (1958), Rubin, Pelikan, and Kensler (1959), Winkelman and Summerskill (1961), and Davidson, Smith and Smith (1962); and in group 3 those of Klocmann (1912), Caravati and Cosgrove (1946), and Winkelman and Summerskill (1961). The object of the present experiments was to ascertain the effect of aspirin on the gastric secretion in unstimulated and maximally histaminestimulated cats. In addition it was hoped to relate the presence or absence of gastric damage to the secretory activity of the stomach, and in this way obtain more understanding of the mechanism of injury caused by aspirin.
An evaluation of early countermeasures to reduce the risk of internal radiation exposure after the Fukushima nuclear incident in Japan.

After a radiation-release incident, intake of radionuclides in the initial stage immediately following the incident may be the major contributor to total internal radiation exposure for individuals in affected areas. However, evaluation of early internal contamination risk is greatly lacking. This study assessed the relationship between initial stage evacuation/indoor sheltering and internal radiation contamination levels 4 months after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear incident in Japan and estimated potential pathways of the contamination. The study population comprised 525 participants in the internal radiation screening program at Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, 23 km north of the Fukushima nuclear plant. The analysed dataset included the results of a screening performed in July 2011, 4 months after the incident, and of a questionnaire on early-incident response behaviours, such as sheltering indoors and evacuations, completed by participants. Association between such early countermeasures and internal contamination levels of cesium-134 were assessed using Tobit multiple regression analyses. Our study shows that individuals who evacuated to areas outside Fukushima Prefecture had similar contamination levels of cesium-134 to individuals who stayed in Fukushima (relative risk: 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.74-0.99). Time spent outdoors had no significant relationship with contamination levels. The effects of inhalation from radiological plumes released from the nuclear plant on total internal radiation contamination might be so low as to be undetectable by the whole-body counting unit used to examine participants. Given the apparent limited effectiveness of evacuation and indoor sheltering on internal contamination, the decision to implement such early responses to a radiation-release incident should be made by carefully balancing their potential benefits and health risks.
Founders, foundations and early identities: football’s early growth in Barcelona

This essay considers football’s development in Barcelona in its first generation from 1898 through the 1910s and how it was shaped by the regional, national, religious and foreign identities of its participants and the activity itself. It starts with the foundations of F.C. Barcelona and F.C. Catalá, the different stories about how this happened, and the role played by Protestant Hans Gamper in Catholic Barcelona. The second section focuses on the development of other clubs like Real Club Deportivo Español, early tournaments including the Copa Macaya and struggles at the end of the decade. The final portion addresses how some of these issues played out in the 1910s, when the sport began to expand beyond its almost exclusively middle-class origins to draw in a mass audience.
A General Model for the Analysis of Surveys

This article shows how the combined use of direct estimation methods and indirect testing procedures, which was advocated by Goodman (1970-1971a), can beapplied in survey analysis. this approach to survey analysis replaces a "causal system" diagram (of the kind used, e.g., by Davis 1971) by a more quantitativelyexplicit model of the system, which then leads to a more direct and more unifiedassessment of the relationships among the variables in the system. The methods presented in the present article can also help the survey analyst to determine whether his survey data support or negate a given hypothesized causal system; and in some cases these methods can be used to determine alternative causal systems that provide better descriptions of the phenomena under investigation. To illustrate the application of these methods, we shall reanalyze data that were analyzed recently by Davis (1971) and earlier by Wilner, Walkley, and Cook (1955) in their well-known study of the "contact hypothesis. " We also include in the present article some new results on how the relationship between two given dichotomous variables is affected by the introduction of additional variables.
Changes in Sprint-Related Outcomes During a Period of Systematic Training in a Girls' Soccer Academy

Abstract Wright, MD and Atkinson, G. Changes in sprint-related outcomes during a period of systematic training in a girls' soccer academy. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 793–800, 2019—The longitudinal tracking of performance indicators is lacking during the training of young female soccer players. Therefore, changes in 5-m acceleration, 20-m speed, change-of-direction (COD) speed, and repeated-sprint ability (RSA) were quantified during a 3-year period in an English Football Association Center of Excellence. Fourteen players (mean age = 12.1 years, SD = ±0.9) were recruited, and their best performance scores from preseason and in-season testing were averaged. Players were typically exposed to soccer (2 × 90 minutes per week) and strength and conditioning training (1 × 70 minutes per week) and played 20 soccer matches (50–80 minutes) during 35-week seasons. Mean (±90% confidence limits (CL)) overall improvements over the 3 years were 5.9% (1.3) (most likely large) for speed, 4.0% (1.0) (most likely large) for RSA, 8.8% (1.1) for acceleration, and 8.3% (1.4) for COD speed (both most likely very large). Improvements between years one and 2 ranged from most likely moderate to very large. Further small improvements in COD speed and 20-m speed (both likely) were observed between years 2 and 3. Individual differences in response were apparent only for COD speed, which were moderate and small between years 2 and 3. Most likely very large to near-perfect within-player correlations were observed between maturation and sprint measures. These data from a single-arm longitudinal study indicate that systematic exposure to training, which includes one dedicated strength and conditioning session each week, is associated with improvements in sprint-related physical qualities in girls.