Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CAN OBSERVATIONAL TRAINING SUBSTITUTE MOTOR TRAINING IN PREVENTING BACKWARD BALANCE LOSS FOLLOWING AN UNEXPECTED SLIP DURING WALKING ?

A person's awareness of potential slippery walking conditions induces a cautious gait pattern. The purposes of this study were to determine whether neuromechanical changes associated with such cognitive conditioning are sufficient to alter the outcome of a slip and whether the effects of such conditioning are comparable to those of motor training. Prior to their own first slip exposure, 18 young subjects watched videos and slides demonstrating where and how the slip would occur and how people adapted to repeated-slip exposure (OBSERVE). The outcomes of the first slip exposure experienced by another 16 subjects who did not receive any such information were used as controls (NAÏVE). The latter subjects subsequently experienced an additional 23 slips and thus served in a dual-role as the motor training group (MOTOR). Gait stability as measured against backward loss of balance (BLOB) was obtained for pre-and post-slip instances. A protective step landing posterior to the slipping-limb identified each BLOB outcome. The OBSERVE group had a greater post-slip stability and lower slip displacement and velocity than the NAÏVE group. However, such effects were insufficient to prevent balance loss (100% BLOB). The MOTOR group showed significantly better performance on the last training slip (0% BLOB) than did the OBSERVE group. The results indicated that updating the cognitive centers of the CNS with awareness and perceptual knowledge through observational training can yield tangible benefits. Nonetheless, observation could not replace the task-specific motor training that adaptively updated the internal representations of stability limits for prevention of BLOB.
Rrm3 Protects the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genome From Instability at Nascent Sites of Retrotransposition

The DNA helicase Rrm3 promotes replication fork progression through >1000 discrete genomic regions and represses the cDNA-mediated mobility of the Ty1 retrotransposon. We explored the connection between DNA replication and Ty1 retromobility by investigating the basis of increased retromobility in an rrm3 mutant. Even though Ty1 cDNA levels are increased in the absence of RRM3, neither the level nor target-site specificity of cDNA integration was altered. Instead, cDNA was incorporated into the genome by a Rad52-dependent mechanism that did not involve gene conversion of genomic Ty1 sequences. In rrm3 isolates, incorporated cDNA was often present in tandem arrays. Multimeric cDNA arrays probably arise during chromosomal break repair, since their appearance was strongly correlated with the formation of gross chromosomal rearrangements. Moreover, Ty1 multimers were invariantly located on rearranged chromosomes, when present. Overexpression of a cellular RNase H, which degrades RNA in an RNA:DNA hybrid, completely suppressed the increase in Ty1 multimer formation in an rrm3 mutant. We propose that RNA:DNA hybrid regions within nascent retrotransposition events block replication in an rrm3 mutant, leading to chromosome breaks within Ty1 sequences. Multiple extragenomic Ty1 cDNA molecules are then used as donors in recombinational repair of the break before it is healed.
Acute Axonal Degeneration Drives Development of Cognitive, Motor, and Visual Deficits after Blast-Mediated Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Abstract Axonal degeneration is a prominent feature of many forms of neurodegeneration, and also an early event in blast-mediated traumatic brain injury (TBI), the signature injury of soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan. It is not known, however, whether this axonal degeneration is what drives development of subsequent neurologic deficits after the injury. The Wallerian degeneration slow strain (WldS) of mice is resistant to some forms of axonal degeneration because of a triplicated fusion gene encoding the first 70 amino acids of Ufd2a, a ubiquitin-chain assembly factor, that is linked to the complete coding sequence of nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 (NMAT1). Here, we demonstrate that resistance of WldS mice to axonal degeneration after blast-mediated TBI is associated with preserved function in hippocampal-dependent spatial memory, cerebellar-dependent motor balance, and retinal and optic nerve–dependent visual function. Thus, early axonal degeneration is likely a critical driver of subsequent neurobehavioral complications of blast-mediated TBI. Future therapeutic strategies targeted specifically at mitigating axonal degeneration may provide a uniquely beneficial approach to treating patients suffering from the effects of blast-mediated TBI.
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 regulates cell-cycle proteins in neurons

Neurons express a variety of chemokine receptors that regulate neuronal signaling and survival, including CXCR4 and CCR5, the two major human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coreceptors. However, the role of chemokine receptors in HIV neuropathology and neuroinflammatory disorders is still unclear. This study aims to determine whether chemokine receptors regulate the activity of cell-cycle proteins in neurons and evaluate the possibility that alterations of these proteins are involved in HIV neuropathogenesis. The authors studied the effect of the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α, the natural CXCR4 ligand, and an X4-using variant of gp120 on the activity of cell-cycle proteins involved in neuronal apoptosis and differentiation, such as Rb and E2F-1. Changes in expression, localization, and phosphorylation/activation of Rb and E2F-1 induced by SDF-1α (20 nM) gp120IIIB (200 pM) were analyzed in primary cultures of rat neurons and in a human cell line expressing recombinant CXCR4. The data indicate that changes in the nuclear and cytosolic levels of Rb—which result in the functional loss of this protein—are associated with apoptosis in hippocampal or cerebellar granule neurons and in cell lines. SDF-1α, which is able to rescue these neurons from apoptosis, induces a time-dependent increase of total Rb expression while decreasing the nuclear content of phosphorylated (Ser780/Ser795) Rb and the transcriptional activity of E2F-1. The HIV envelope protein gp120IIIB exerts opposite effects at the nuclear level. These data indicate that CXCR4 affects cell-cycle proteins in neurons and raise the possibility that chemokines may contribute to neuronal survival by repressing the activity of E2F-dependent apoptotic genes and maintaining neurons in a highly differentiated and quiescent state. This state may be altered during neuroinflammatory conditions and/or by HIV-derived proteins.
Effects of Selective Breeding on the Cholesterolemic Responses to Dietary Saturated Fat and Cholesterol in Baboons

Positive assortatlve mating of baboons (Paplo sp.) based on elevation of serum cholesterol concentrations In response to a cholesteroland saturated fat-enriched diet produced 64 progeny (30 high line; 34 low line). When the animals were 3 to 4 years of age, we tested their llpoproteln cholesterol responses to dietary cholesterol and fat In a factorial experiment with two levels of dietary cholesterol (1.7 and <0.01 mg/kcal) and two types of fat, coconut oil (P/S 0.1) and corn oil (P/S 3.5), each providing 40% of total calories from fat; we also tested their responses to chow. The high line animals had significantly higher very low density plus low density llpoproteln (VLDL + LDL) and high density llpoproteln (HDL) cholesterol levels on all diets. The effects of dietary cholesterol on VLDL + LDL cholesterol concentrations were greater In high line animals than In low line animals, but dietary cholesterol's effects on HDL cholesterol were similar In both lines. The effects of saturated fat, compared to unsaturated fat, on both VLDL + LDL and HDL cholesterol levels were similar in both lines. Selective breeding produced lines diverging In llpoprotein cholesterol concentrations by acting on several different genetically mediated processes that control serum llpoprotein levels. At least one of these processes Involves responsiveness of serum VLDL + LDL cholesterol concentration to dietary cholesterol.
Spectrum sensing in low SNR regime via stochastic resonance

Spectrum sensing is essential in cognitive radio to enable dynamic spectrum access. In many scenarios, primary user signal must be detected reliably in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime under required sensing time. We propose to use stochastic resonance, a nonlinear filter having certain resonance frequency, to detect primary users when the SNR is very low. Both block and sequential detection schemes are studied. Simulation results show that, under the required false alarm rate, both detection probability and average detection delay can be substantially improved. A few implementation issues are also discussed.
Targeting inflation with a prominent role for money

This paper demonstrates how a target for money growth can be beneficial for an inflation targeting central bank acting under discretion. Because the growth rate of money is closely related to the change in the interest rate and he growth of real output, delegating a money growth target to the central bank makes discretionary policy more inertial, leading to better social outcomes. This delegation scheme is also compared with other schemes suggested in the literature. Although other delegation schemes are sometimes more efficient, the results indicate that giving a prominent role to a money growth indicator can be a sensible strategy for monetary policy.
A Hybrid Approach for Converting Written Egyptian Colloquial Dialect into Diacritized Arabic

Recently the rate of written colloquial text has increased dramatically. It is being used as a medium of expressing ideas especially across the WWW, usually in the form of blogs and partially colloquial articles. Most of these written colloquial has been in the Egyptian colloquial dialect, which is considered the most widely dialect understood and used throughout the Arab world. Modern Standard Arabic is the official Arabic language taught and understood all over the Arab world. Diacritics play a key role in disambiguating Arabic text. The reader is expected to infer or predict vowels from the context of the sentence. Inferring the full form of the Arabic word is also useful when developing Arabic natural language processing tools and applications. In this paper, we introduce a generic method for converting a written Egyptian colloquial sentence into its corresponding diacritized Modern Standard Arabic sentence which could easily be extended to be applied to other dialects of Arabic. In spite of the non-availability of linguistic Arabic resources for this task, we have developed techniques for lexical acquisition of colloquial words which are used for transferring written Egyptian Arabic into Modern Standard Arabic. We successfully used Support Vector Machine approach for the diacritization (aka vocalization or vowelling) of Arabic text.
Dividend Changes Do Not Signal Changes in Future Profitability

One of the most important predictions of the dividend-signaling hypothesis is that dividend changes are positively correlated with future changes in profitability and earnings. Contrary to this prediction, we show that, after controlling for the well-known nonlinear patterns in the behavior of earnings, dividend changes contain no information about future earnings changes. We also show that dividend changes are negatively correlated with future changes in profitability (return on assets). Finally, we investigate whether including dividend changes improves out-of-sample earnings forecasts. We find that models that include dividend changes do not outperform those that do not include dividend changes.
Curriculum reform with a school-based approach: intellectual, structural and cultural challenges

ABSTRACT Curriculum reform with a school-based approach is often assumed to offer schools and teachers autonomy at the site level, thus enabling them to develop a school-based curriculum and pedagogies to better fit the needs of students. Over the past decade, school-based curriculum development in Hong Kong has encountered issues that deserve worldwide attention and discussion. By reviewing the experiences of two schools in Hong Kong and drawing on international evidence, this study identifies key challenges and difficulties in school-based curriculum reform in three areas. Intellectually, there is a lack of a strong and broad shared knowledge base for curriculum development. As a result, most school-based curriculum initiatives have been piecemeal, fragmented and shallow. Structurally, many teachers have wasted time ‘re-inventing the wheel’ when developing school-based curricula. This effort has left them without sufficient time and energy to be effective in teaching. Culturally, reliance on school management to steer school-based reforms has prevented the development of a new culture in which teachers have the autonomy to make changes in their daily practices. Without cultural changes, curriculum reforms are not sustainable or effective. This study proposes a cooperative platform that integrates the strengths of central intelligence and school-based initiatives to maximise support for curriculum development at the teacher, school-site and system levels.
The Role of Morals in Three-Player Ultimatum Games

We experimentally investigate the role of moral concerns in three-player ultimatum bargaining. In our experimental paradigm, proposers can increase the overall size of the pie at the expenses of an NGO that conducts humanitarian aid in emergency areas. In a first study, we find that responders are not willing to engage in ‘immoral’ transactions only when fully informed about proposers’ behavior toward the NGO. Under complete information, their willingness to reject offers increases with the strength of the harm to the NGO. Moreover, the possibility to compensate the NGO through rejection further increases their willingness to reject. In a second study aimed at gauging the importance of different motives behind rejections, we show that the two most prevalent motives are to compensate the NGO or to diminish inequality between responders and proposers. Punishing proposers’ unkind intentions towards the NGO or rejecting on the basis of pure deontological reasons constitute less important motives.
Studies of the Relationship Between Structure and Antioxidant Activity in interesting systems, including tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol derivatives Indicated by quantum chemical calculations

In nature, tyrosol (TY) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) are found in olive leaves which are for medical aims, with immune stimulant and antibiotic properties as well as the ability to be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer. This ability of phytochemical TY and HT compounds are mainly believed to be of higher radical scavenging potential with effective antioxidant properties. In order to establish the possible structure-antioxidant activity relationship of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, hydroxytyrosol acetate and two designed hydroxytyrosol derivatives were studied by the help of quantum chemical calculations. The molecular electronic properties such as heat formation of the neutral, radical and orbitals energies were calculated as descriptors to predict the H atom donating abilities of compounds. Considering the results from the calculated descriptors, the derivatives having OH group substitutions in position number four of the aromatic ring can be classified highly active and better antioxidant compound. Therefore, the designed hydroxytyrosol derivatives showed most active feasible H atom donation. This work can be useful to design novel antioxidants.
Associations between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular risk factors in an urban population in China.

INTRODUCTION In developed countries socioeconomic status has been proven to be an important factor in the progression of cardiovascular disease. The present article reports the results of a cross-sectional assessment to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular risk factors in a Chinese urban population. METHODS In 1996, a behavioural risk factor survey was carried out in Tianjin, the third largest city in China. A sample of 4000 people aged 15-69 years, stratified by sex and 10-year age groups, was drawn randomly from urban areas of the city. The present study covers respondents aged 25-69 years (1615 men and 1592 women). Four socioeconomic indicators (education, occupation, income, and marital status), blood pressure, body mass index, and cigarette smoking were determined in the survey. RESULTS Educational level seemed to be the most important measure of the four socioeconomic indicators in relation to the cardiovascular risk factors in the study population. People with lower socioeconomic status had higher levels of cardiovascular risk factors. The association between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular risk factors was more consistent among women than men. DISCUSSION Our findings do not seem to differ from those observed in developed countries.
An XMM-Newton view of the cluster of galaxies Abell 85

We have observed the cluster of galaxies Abell 85 with XMM-Newton. These data have allowed us in a previous paper to confirm the existence of the extended 4 Mpc filament detected by the ROSAT PSPC in the neighbourhood of this cluster, and to determine an X-ray temperature of about ∼2 keV. We now present a thorough analysis of the properties of the X-ray gas in the cluster itself, including temperature and metallicity maps for the entire cluster. These results show that Abell 85 had intense merging activity in the past and is not fully relaxed, even in the central region. We have also determined the individual abundances for some iron-group metals and α-elements in various regions; the ratios of these metallicities to the iron abundance show that both supernova types Ia and II must be involved in the intra-cluster gas enrichment. Spectral analysis of the central region suggests a different redshift of the X-ray emitting gas compared to the mean cluster velocity derived from galaxy member redshifts. We discuss the implications of the difference between the cD galaxy redshift, the mean galaxy redshift and the hot gas redshift, as well as the possibility of several groups being accreted on to Abell 85. Finally, we obtain the dynamical mass profile and baryon fraction taking into account the newly determined temperature profile. The dynamical mass in Abell 85 has a steep density profile, similar to the ones found in N-body simulations.
SemEval 2016 Task 11: Complex Word Identification

We report the ﬁndings of the Complex Word Identiﬁcation task of SemEval 2016. To create a dataset, we conduct a user study with 400 non-native English speakers, and ﬁnd that complex words tend to be rarer, less ambiguous and shorter. A total of 42 systems were submitted from 21 distinct teams, and nine baselines were provided. The results high-light the effectiveness of Decision Trees and Ensemble methods for the task, but ultimately reveal that word frequencies remain the most reliable predictor of word complexity.
HDR Deghosting: How to Deal with Saturation?

We present a novel method for aligning images in an HDR (high-dynamic-range) image stack to produce a new exposure stack where all the images are aligned and appear as if they were taken simultaneously, even in the case of highly dynamic scenes. Our method produces plausible results even where the image used as a reference is either too dark or bright to allow for an accurate registration.
Restorative Justice: A Systematic Review of the Social Work Literature

Restorative justice is an alternative paradigm for dealing with the effects of crime and wrongdoing that seeks to bring healing to victims, offenders, and the community. Although a key element of social work's ethical code is the obligation to work toward social justice, this has been viewed primarily as efforts to ensure a fair distribution of resources and opportunities. Yet justice is also restorative in nature–-seeking to restore and enhance victims, offenders, and communities to fuller functioning. This article systematically reviews 80 social work peer-reviewed articles dealing with restorative justice. The role of social workers in restorative justice programs remains largely unknown. Suggestions are made for enhancing social work practice in the restorative justice arena.
Anticipatory robot control for efficient human-robot collaboration

Efficient collaboration requires collaborators to monitor the behaviors of their partners, make inferences about their task intent, and plan their own actions accordingly. To work seamlessly and efficiently with their human counterparts, robots must similarly rely on predictions of their users' intent in planning their actions. In this paper, we present an anticipatory control method that enables robots to proactively perform task actions based on anticipated actions of their human partners. We implemented this method into a robot system that monitored its user's gaze, predicted his or her task intent based on observed gaze patterns, and performed anticipatory task actions according to its predictions. Results from a human-robot interaction experiment showed that anticipatory control enabled the robot to respond to user requests and complete the task faster-2.5 seconds on average and up to 3.4 seconds-compared to a robot using a reactive control method that did not anticipate user intent. Our findings highlight the promise of performing anticipatory actions for achieving efficient human-robot teamwork.
Establishing a Factor Model for Aesthetic Preference for Visual Complexity of Brand Logo

ABSTRACT Brand logo design has been extensively studied, yet little research has tapped into visual complexity and how it influences aesthetic preference for logo design. Past research proposed three major models explaining visual complexity (the one-, two-, and three-factor models). However, which model best explains preference for logo design complexity has not been empirically tested. This study compared these three models of preference for logo design complexity using both randomly generated patterns and logos of consumer-packaged goods (CPG) products through samples drawn from the U.S. population. Confirmatory factor analyses found the three-factor model as the best model for explaining visual pattern preferences, but the two-factor model was the optimal model for explaining logo complexity preferences.