Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the experiences and needs of female commercial sex workers in Kathmandu, Nepal

ABSTRACT Through this exploratory study, we sought to better understand Nepali female commercial sex workers' (FCSWs') experiences in order to inform HIV prevention and health promotion interventions for this vulnerable and hard-to-reach population. Data were collected through phenomenological interviews with eight FCSWs. Through analysis we reveal promising intervention points to enhance FCSW health, empowerment, and overall well-being. Researchers suggest a combination of structural and individual programs is essential to improving the circumstances of Nepali FCSWs and preventing the spread of HIV. Given Nepal's limited resources and complex environment, it is imperative future prevention programs are focused and guided by FCSWs' lived experiences.
Sleep-Related Eating Disorder in Two Patients with Early-Onset Parkinson’s Disease

remember these events the next morning [2, 4] . Finally, SRED may be associated with morning anorexia, sleep disruption, excessive weight gain and other adverse effects from excessive food intake, such as metabolic and dental problems. There is some controversy as to whether SRED and NES are similar disorders situated at opposite ends of a common spectrum of pathophysiology, with different levels of consciousness, or wheth er they are distinct disorders with separate underlying pathophysiologies [1] . Although this diagnostic issue remains unresolved, the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 2nd Edition, by not including a level of consciousness criterion for the parasomnia SRED, has not definitively distinguished between these two disorders, thus encouraging further research [1] . Herein we describe 2 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) with typical symptoms of SRED. They belong to a cohort of 45 PD patients that was prospectively followed at a tertiary outpatient clinic for sleep disorders. The clinical evaluation of both patients was performed by movement disorders and sleep specialists, a psychiatrist and a neuropsychologist. We performed an audio-video polysomnography (PSG) which included extended electroenDear Sir, Nocturnal eating disorders involve nearly nightly feeding episodes during either multiple nocturnal awakenings or during partial arousals from sleep, and are defined as excessive caloric intake with loss of control over consumption [1] . There are two major subtypes, one viewed more as an insomnia disorder, and the other more as a parasomnia. Nocturnal eating syndrome (NES) is characterized by the consumption of 50% or more of daily calories after the evening meal and/or eating after awakenings from sleep, with morning anorexia [1] . NES is considered a circadian delay of food intake with normal circadian timing of sleep onset [2] . Unrestrained binge eating is uncommon with NES, which is viewed as an insomnia disorder, with multiple, modest feedings being considered to occur to help re-induce sleep. Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) is a parasomnia characterized by recurrent episodes of involuntary binge eating and drinking during the sleep period. The affected individuals often eat peculiar and at times bizarre combinations of high caloric food. Due to diminished or absent consciousness during these episodes, patients may ingest toxic substances or suffer injuries during food preparation (e.g. cutting oneself, burning oneself with very hot food or liquids) [2, 3] . In addition, they may not Received: April 26, 2011 Accepted: May 23, 2011 Published online: August 12, 2011
Two Stage Study of Wound Microorganisms Affecting Burns and Plastic Surgery Inpatients

This study was designed to identify wound microorganisms and the reasons for differing prevalence between the wards, burns unit and intensive care unit (ICU) in a regional centre for burns and plastic surgery. Antibiotic sensitivities of the 10 most prevalent microorganisms cultured from inpatient wound swabs were also investigated. Inpatient wound swab data were collected retrospectively using notes and departmental database information between January and June 2007. Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests and P-values. Eight hundred five positive wound swabs from 204 swab positive inpatients were analyzed. Stage 1 of this study demonstrated 917 positive swab episodes and 30 varieties of organism. The five most prevalent organisms cultured were Staphylococcus (23.9%), Acinetobacter (21.2%), Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (20.8%), Pseudomonas (9.7%) and Enterococcus (5.2%). Stage 2 revealed that Acinetobacter baumanni (ABAU) was significantly more prevalent in military over civilian inpatients (P < .001) and that military inpatients had a significantly greater proportion of ABAU over civilian inpatients within the first 24 hours after admission (P < .001). ABAU episodes were significantly higher on the ICU over the burns unit and on the wards (P < .001). MRSA was significantly more prevalent in military inpatients (P < .001); however, no significant difference was observed within the first 24 hours after admission (P = .440). MRSA was more prevalent on the ICU over the burns unit (P = .023). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAER) was significantly more prevalent in military inpatients over civilian inpatients (P < .001), and on the ICU over the burns unit and wards (P = .018). Stage 1 generated a comprehensive, up to date cross section of bacterial flora, with corresponding percentage antibiotic sensitivities, in a regional burns and plastic surgery centre. This will give clinicians a snapshot of organisms affecting inpatient wounds in advance of culture and sensitivity results. Stage 2 demonstrated that ABAU, MRSA, and PAER were significantly more prevalent in the ICU setting. Furthermore, military inpatient wounds grew more ABAU, MRSA, and PAER than civilians, probably due to the longer inpatient stay, dirty nature of wounds, site and complex mechanism of injury. Finally, this study suggests that ABAU was brought into the unit by military patients.
CHA2DS2-VASc Score (Congestive Heart Failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 [Doubled], Diabetes Mellitus, Prior Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack [Doubled], Vascular Disease, Age 65–74, Female) for Stroke in Asian Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Korean Nationwide Sample Cohort Study

Background and Purpose— The CHA2DS2-VASc stroke score (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 (doubled), diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack (doubled), vascular disease, age 65–74, female) is used in most guidelines for risk stratification in atrial fibrillation (AF), but most data for this score have been derived in Western populations. Ethnic differences in stroke risk may be present. Our objective was to investigate risk factors for stroke in AF and application of the CHA2DS2-VASc score in an Asian AF population from Korea. Methods— A total of 5855 oral anticoagulant–naive nonvalvular AF patients aged ≥20 years were enrolled from Korea National Health Insurance Service Sample cohort from 2002 to 2008 and were followed up until December 2013. Results— The incidence rates (per 100 person-years) of ischemic stroke were 3.32 in the total population, being 0.23 in low-risk (CHA2DS2-VASc score 0 [male] or 1 [female]) and 4.59 in high-risk patients (CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2). Incidence rates of ischemic stroke or the composite thromboembolism end point showed a clear increase with increasing CHA2DS2-VASc score. On multivariable analysis, significant associations between CHA2DS2-VASc risk factors and ischemic stroke were observed; however, the significance of vascular disease or diabetes mellitus was attenuated after multivariate adjustment, and female sex (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.64–0.84) had a lower risk of ischemic stroke than males. Patients who were categorized as low risk consistently had an event rate <1% per year. Conclusions— The performance of CHA2DS2-VASc score in Asians is comparable with that in Western populations. The score shows good performance in defining the truly-low-risk AF patients for stroke/thromboembolism.
Large human communication networks: patterns and a utility-driven generator

Given a real, and weighted person-to-person network which changes over time, what can we say about the cliques that it contains? Do the incidents of communication, or weights on the edges of a clique follow any pattern? Real, and in-person social networks have many more triangles than chance would dictate. As it turns out, there are many more cliques than one would expect, in surprising patterns. In this paper, we study massive real-world social networks formed by direct contacts among people through various personal communication services, such as Phone-Call, SMS, IM etc. The contributions are the following: (a) we discover surprising patterns with the cliques, (b) we report power-laws of the weights on the edges of cliques, (c) our real networks follow these patterns such that we can trust them to spot outliers and finally, (d) we propose the first utility-driven graph generator for weighted time-evolving networks, which match the observed patterns. Our study focused on three large datasets, each of which is a different type of communication service, with over one million records, and spans several months of activity.
Retrospective Study of the Association Between Hypertrophic Burn Scarring and Bacterial Colonization

Although the association between hypertrophic burn scarring and infection is well described, an association with colonization has not been established. This retrospective study sought to determine whether a significant association between hypertrophic scarring and bacterial colonization exists. Details from the case notes of all patients seen in our institution’s burns unit over a two-year period were recorded and the incidence of hypertrophic scarring and burn bacterial colonization was noted. A total of 127 scars were recorded, and of these, 51 were hypertrophic and 76 nonhypertrophic. The incidence of bacterial colonization in the hypertrophic scar group was 88%, an association that achieved significance (P < .05) in comparison with nonhypertrophic scars (27%). This association holds true for individual organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and for all burn depths and healing times. This study suggests that burn wound bacterial colonization may be more important than previously believed and perhaps suggests that striving toward an aseptic burn wound environment may reduce the incidence of hypertrophic scarring.
Progress in bionic research on biomaterials of beetles

Evolving for millions of years,the biomaterials of beetles have developed an optimized structure with excellent mechanical performance,elaborate and rigid geometry shape and multifunctional surface texture,which makes it become one of the new objects in bionics.In this paper,the progress in bionic research was reviewed on the microstructure of biomaterials,the mechanical performance,the functional morphology and the geometry shape in topology.The research status of biomaterials(including the beetle claw,the elytra and the wing) was summarized,also the problems existing in each work were discussed while the research emphases were prospected in future in the correlative area.
Efficacy of Antimicrobial Agents Incorporated in Orthodontic Bonding Systems: A systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Aims The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of orthodontic bonding systems containing different antimicrobial agents, as well as the influence of antimicrobial agent incorporation in the bonding properties of these materials. Methods Eight databases were searched: PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, Ibecs, BBO, Scielo and Google Scholar. Any study that evaluated antimicrobial activity in experimental or commercial orthodontic bonding systems was included. Data extraction Data were tabulated independently and in duplicated by two authors on pre-designed data collection form. Data synthesis The global analysis was carried out using a random-effects model, and pooled-effect estimates were obtained by comparing the standardised mean difference of each antimicrobial orthodontic adhesive with the respective control group. A p-value < . 05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Thirty-two studies were included in the qualitative analysis; of these, 22 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Antimicrobial agents such as silver nanoparticles, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, triclosan, cetylpyridinium chloride, Galla chinensis extract, acid ursolic, dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate, dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, 1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, zinc oxide and titanium oxide have been incorporated into orthodontic bonding systems. The antimicrobial agent incorporation in orthodontic bonding systems showed higher antimicrobial activity than the control group in agar diffusion (overall standardised mean difference: 3.71; 95% CI 2.98 to 4.43) and optical density tests (0.41; 95% CI −0.05 to 0.86) (p < .05). However, for biofilm, the materials did not present antimicrobial activity (6.78; 95% CI 4.78 to 8.77). Regarding bond strength, the global analysis showed antimicrobial orthodontic bonding systems were statistically similar to the control. Conclusions Although there is evidence of antibacterial activity from in vitro studies, clinical and long-term studies are still necessary to confirm the effectiveness of antibacterial orthodontic bonding systems in preventing caries disease.
Beyond Abdominal Pain: Pain Beliefs, Pain Affect, and Distress as Determinants of Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis

Goals: To assess the relationship between pain, psychological processes, and quality of life (QOL) in chronic pancreatitis (CP). Background: CP is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the pancreas characteristically resulting in abdominal pain and impairing QOL. Pain due to CP is poorly understood and frequently difficult to treat. This pain has historically been understood as a peripheral process originating from the pancreas itself, but a growing body of literature is revealing an important role offered by central influences. Viewed through the perspective of the biopsychosocial model of illness, cognitive variables strongly influence QOL. However, there is little understanding of variables that influence QOL in CP. Study: Patients with CP from the University of Alabama at Birmingham were administered a 165-question test battery which was comprised of questionnaires evaluating pain beliefs, disease-specific QOL, psychological distress, pain sensation, pain affect, and long-term suffering. Results: Sixty-eight subjects completed the question battery between February 28, 2011 and January 16, 2014. Almost all (91.2%) reported taking pain medication. QOL was significantly associated with reported levels of pain intensity (r=−0.52, P<0.01) as well as perceived self-blame. Conclusions: The significant predictors of QOL impairment in CP are pain intensity and perceived self-blame for pain. Further research is needed to elucidate this relationship while also evaluating the effectiveness of systematic modification of these variables in an attempt to improve pain and QOL in CP.
Carcass characteristics of lambs fed spineless cactus as a replacement for sugarcane

Objective Fresh sugarcane has been a new roughage source for ruminant’s in semiarid regions, a function of the decline of sugar and alcohol industry in recent years. However, there is little data published regarding lambs fed sugarcane associated with spineless cactus. This study evaluated the effect of sugarcane replacement with spineless cactus (0%, 33%, 66%, and 100%) in the diet of Santa Inês lambs on carcass characteristics. Methods Thirty-six non-castrated Santa Ines lambs at four months of age and an initial body weight of 22±2.3 kg were assigned in a randomized block design and slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. The effects of spineless cactus as a replacement for sugarcane in the diet of the lambs on the carcass characteristics, commercial cut weight and yield, leg tissue composition, and carcass measurements were studied. Results The study revealed quadratic behavior in slaughter body weight, and hot and cold carcass weight, with maximum values of 38.60, 18.60, and 18.11 kg and replacement levels of 40.18%, 44.42%, and 43.14%, respectively. The cold carcass yield presented an increasing linear behavior. The compactness index of carcass and leg presented a quadratic effect, with estimated maximal values of 0.28 and 0.57 kg/cm and replacement levels of 43.37% and 45.5%, respectively. The weights of commercial cuts of leg, loin, shoulder, and breast showed quadratic behavior, with maximum values of 2.79, 0.852, 1.46, and 1.30 kg and replacement levels of 49.5, 45.32, 39.0, and 40.7, respectively. For tissue composition, quadratic behavior was verified for leg weight, subcutaneous fat, and total fat. Conclusion The replacement of sugarcane by spineless cactus at level 44% is recommended for finishing lambs considering that this level improved most of the carcass characteristics, weights, and yields of commercial cuts and leg tissue composition.
Galaxy Zoo: dust and molecular gas in early-type galaxies with prominent dust lanes

We explore the properties of dust and associated molecular gas in 352 nearby (0.01 < z < 0.07) early-type galaxies (ETGs) with prominent dust lanes, drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Two-thirds of these ‘dusty ETGs’ (D-ETGs) are morphologically disturbed, which suggests a merger origin, making these galaxies ideal test beds for studying the merger process at low redshift. The D-ETGs preferentially reside in lower density environments, compared to a control sample drawn from the general ETG population. Around 80 per cent of D-ETGs inhabit the field (compared to 60 per cent of the control ETGs) and less than 2 per cent inhabit clusters (compared to 10 per cent of the control ETGs). Compared to their control-sample counterparts, D-ETGs exhibit bluer ultraviolet–optical colours (indicating enhanced levels of star formation) and an active galactic nucleus fraction that is more than an order of magnitude greater (indicating a strikingly higher incidence of nuclear activity). The mass of clumpy dust residing in large-scale dust features is estimated, using the SDSS r-band images, to be in the range 104.5–106.5 M⊙. A comparison to the total (clumpy + diffuse) dust masses – calculated using the far-infrared fluxes of 15 per cent of the D-ETGs that are detected by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) – indicates that only 20 per cent of the dust is typically contained in these large-scale dust features. The dust masses are several times larger than the maximum value expected from stellar mass loss, ruling out an internal origin. The dust content shows no correlation with the blue luminosity, indicating that it is not related to a galactic scale cooling flow. Furthermore, no correlation is found with the age of the recent starburst, suggesting that the dust is accreted directly in the merger rather than being produced in situ by the triggered star formation. Using molecular gas-to-dust ratios of ETGs in the literature, we estimate that the median current molecular gas fraction in the IRAS-detected ETGs is ∼1.3 per cent. Adopting reasonable values for gas depletion time-scales and starburst ages, the median initial gas fraction in these D-ETGs is ∼4 per cent. Recent work has suggested that the merger activity in nearby ETGs largely involves minor mergers (dry ETG + gas-rich dwarf), with mass ratios between 1:10 and 1:4. If the IRAS-detected D-ETGs have formed via this channel, then the original gas fractions of the accreted satellites are between 20 and 44 per cent.
Regulatory Mechanisms That Prevent Re-initiation of DNA Replication Can Be Locally Modulated at Origins by Nearby Sequence Elements

Eukaryotic cells must inhibit re-initiation of DNA replication at each of the thousands of origins in their genome because re-initiation can generate genomic alterations with extraordinary frequency. To minimize the probability of re-initiation from so many origins, cells use a battery of regulatory mechanisms that reduce the activity of replication initiation proteins. Given the global nature of these mechanisms, it has been presumed that all origins are inhibited identically. However, origins re-initiate with diverse efficiencies when these mechanisms are disabled, and this diversity cannot be explained by differences in the efficiency or timing of origin initiation during normal S phase replication. This observation raises the possibility of an additional layer of replication control that can differentially regulate re-initiation at distinct origins. We have identified novel genetic elements that are necessary for preferential re-initiation of two origins and sufficient to confer preferential re-initiation on heterologous origins when the control of re-initiation is partially deregulated. The elements do not enhance the S phase timing or efficiency of adjacent origins and thus are specifically acting as re-initiation promoters (RIPs). We have mapped the two RIPs to ∼60 bp AT rich sequences that act in a distance- and sequence-dependent manner. During the induction of re-replication, Mcm2-7 reassociates both with origins that preferentially re-initiate and origins that do not, suggesting that the RIP elements can overcome a block to re-initiation imposed after Mcm2-7 associates with origins. Our findings identify a local level of control in the block to re-initiation. This local control creates a complex genomic landscape of re-replication potential that is revealed when global mechanisms preventing re-replication are compromised. Hence, if re-replication does contribute to genomic alterations, as has been speculated for cancer cells, some regions of the genome may be more susceptible to these alterations than others.
Intracellular calcium release channels: an update

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are calcium (Ca2+) release channels on the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR). Here we summarize the latest advances in the field, describing the recently discovered mechanistic roles of intracellular Ca2+ release channels in the regulation of mitochondrial fitness and endothelial function, providing novel therapeutic options for the treatment of heart failure, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.
Durville casting of nickel-iron valve bars

The manufacture of an air-melted, Durville cast, nickel-iron based superalloy, XD1102, for the automotive industry has been studied. In particular the formation of the air-gap and the heat transfer between the casting and the mould interface has been measured for an aluminum alloy, LM25 and the XD1102 alloy cast into the same size mould. The experimental results were used to verify ProCAST 3D model simulations providing confidence that the software could be used for practical applications where destructive measuring techniques is not viable. A second aspect of this thesis was to identify, trace the origin of, illustrate the root cause analysis, and the mitigation of a feature which has been observed on numerous valve heads. Lastly the investigation into whether the substantial thermo-mechanical work received by an ingot after casting minimised the benefits of a carefully poured cast via the Durville method has been discussed.