Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local Dynamical Instabilities in Magnetized, Radiation Pressure-supported Accretion Disks

We present a general linear dispersion relation that describes the coupled behavior of magnetorotational, photon bubble, and convective instabilities in weakly magnetized, differentially rotating accretion disks. We presume the accretion disks to be geometrically thin and supported vertically by radiation pressure. We fully incorporate the effects of a nonzero radiative diffusion length on the linear modes. In an equilibrium with a purely vertical magnetic field, the vertical magnetorotational modes are completely unaffected by compressibility, stratification, and radiative diffusion. However, in the presence of azimuthal fields, which are expected in differentially rotating flows, the growth rate of all magnetorotational modes can be reduced substantially below the orbital frequency. This occurs if diffusion destroys radiation sound waves on the length scale of the instability and the magnetic energy density of the azimuthal component exceeds the nonradiative thermal energy density. While sluggish in this case, the magnetorotational instability still persists and will still tap the free energy of the differential rotation. Photon bubble instabilities are generically present in radiation pressure-dominated flows where diffusion is present. We show that their growth rates are limited to a maximum value that is reached at short wavelengths where the modes may be viewed as unstable slow magnetosonic waves. We also find that vertical radiation pressure destabilizes upward-propagating fast waves, and that Alfvén waves can be unstable. These instabilities typically have smaller growth rates than the photon bubble/slow modes. We discuss how all these modes behave in various regimes of interest and speculate how they may affect the dynamics of real accretion disk flows.
Tensile and compressive responses of nociceptors in rat hairy skin.

Mechanically sensitive nociceptor afferents were studied in a preparation of isolated skin from rat leg. Each neuron was studied while the skin was subjected to tensile and compressive loading. The experiment was designed to create highly uniform states of stress in both tension and compression. Tensile loads were applied by pulling on the edges of the sample. Applied loads were used to determine the tensile stresses. Surface displacements were used to determine tensile strains. Compressive loads were applied by indenting the surface of the skin with flat indenter tips applied under force control. The skin was supported by a flat, hard substrate. Compressive stresses were determined from the applied loads and tip geometry. Compressive strains were determined from skin thickness and tip excursions. All nociceptors were activated by both tensile and compressive loading. There was no interaction between the responses to compressive and tensile stimuli (i.e., the responses were simply additive). Responses of nociceptors were better related to tensile and compressive stresses than to strains. Nociceptors responded better to tensile loading than to compressive loading. Response thresholds were lower and sensitivities were higher for tensile stress than for compressive stress. The response to compression was better related to compressive stress than to other stimulus parameters (i.e., load/circumference or simply load). Indentations of intact skin over a soft substrate such as muscle would be expected to cause widespread activation of nociceptors because of tensile stresses.
Towards an effective and unbiased ranking of scientific literature through mutual reinforcement

It is important to help researchers find valuable scientific papers from a large literature collection containing information of authors, papers and venues. Graph-based algorithms have been proposed to rank papers based on networks formed by citation and co-author relationships. This paper proposes a new graph-based ranking framework MutualRank that integrates mutual reinforcement relationships among networks of papers, researchers and venues to achieve a more synthetic, accurate and fair ranking result than previous graph-based methods. MutualRank leverages the network structure information among papers, authors, and their venues available from a literature collection dataset and sets up a unified mutual reinforcement model that involves both intra- and inter-network information for ranking papers, authors and venues simultaneously. To evaluate, we collect a set of recommended papers from websites of graduate-level computational linguistics courses of 15 top universities as the benchmark and apply different methods to estimate paper importance. The results show that MutualRank greatly outperforms the competitors including Pag-eRank, HITS and CoRank in ranking papers as well as researchers. The experimental results also demonstrate that venues ranked by MutualRank are reasonable.
The Evolution of Poverty and Inequality in Indian Villages

This paper examines the evolution of poverty and inequality in rural India by reviewing longitudinal village studies. It explores the main forces of economic change-agricultural intensification, changing land relations, and occupational diversification-from a wide range of disciplinary perspectives, and it considers the roles of various institutions as conduits of change. Although most village studies support the survey-based judgment that rural poverty declined in India during the 1970s and 1980s, they find that progress has been slow and irregular and that inequalities within villages have persisted. These continued inequalities may constrain both the scope for further poverty reduction from economic growth and the impact of policy interventions.
A Case of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Struma Ovarii and Review of the Literature

Malignancy in struma ovarii is a rare form of ovarian germ cell tumour. Because of its rarity, the diagnosis and management of the tumour have not been clearly defined. We present a case of 67- year-old female with papillary carcinoma arising in struma ovarii and review the literature on malignancy in struma ovarii cases, focusing on management of these cases.
Effect of Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate on the Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells from Different Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Depots

Human adipose-tissue-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) are abundant in adipose tissue and can differentiate into multi-lineage cell types, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. In order to define the optimal harvest site of adipose tissue harvest site, we solated hADSCs from different subcutaneous sites (upper abdomen, lower abdomen, and thigh) and compared their proliferation and potential to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts. In addition, this study examined the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, on proliferation and differentiation of hADSCs to adipocytes or osteoblasts. hADSCs isolated from different subcutaneous depots have a similar growth rate. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that the expression levels of CD73 and CD90 were similar between hADSCs from abdomen and thigh regions. However, the expression of CD105 was lower in hADSCs from the thigh than in those from the abdomen. Although the adipogenic differentiation potential of hADSCs from both tissue regions was similar, the osteogenic differentiation potential of hADSCs from the thigh was greater than that of hADSCs from the abdomen. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment increased osteogenic differentiation and suppressed adipogenic differentiation of all hADSCs without affecting their growth rate and the treatment of Go6983, a general inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) blocked the PMA effect. These findings indicate that the thigh region might be a suitable source of hADSCs for bone regeneration and that the PKC signaling pathway may be involved in the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs.
Factors associated with macrosomia among singleton live-birth: A comparison between logistic regression, random forest and artificial neural network methods

Background: Macrosomia with adverse outcomes for mother and infant is affected by several risk factors. Classification methods including logistic regression, random forest and artificial neural network are used to determine high risk groups for macrosomia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4342 pregnant women who gave singleton live-birth in Tehran, Iran from 6-21 July 2015. The performed methods were compared using tools such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. McNemar's test checked differences in proportion among methods. To assess the association between the observed and predicted values, Kappa statistic was calculated. Results: Mother’s BMI, SES, mother’s education, parity, mother’s age, gestational age and mother’s occupation are the most important variables affecting macrosomia identified by RF method with the highest accuracy 0.89. The association of RF predictions and observed values using Ø coefficient, contingency coefficient, Kendall tau-b and kappa were 0.43, 0.39, 0.43 and 0.31, respectively. Conclusion: Based on our findings, random forest had the best performance to classify macrosomia comparing to artificial neural network and logistic regression and may be used as an appropriate method in such data.
Investigation of hospital wastewater treatment plant efficiency in north of Iran during 2010-2011

Hospital wastewater contains pathogenic agents and hazardous compounds; so, it will cause many risks on environmental and human health of different communities. The aim of this research was to investigate the efficiency of hospital wastewater treatment plant in north of Iran. This cross-sectional descriptive research was done on four hospital wastewater treatment plant in north of Iran during 2010 to 2011. A total of 100 grab sample were taken from the influent and effluent of each wastewater treatment plant. Collected sample were sent to laboratory and analyzes for PH, TSS, BOD, COD and Total Coliforms (TC) according to standard methods. The mean value of PH, TSS, BOD, COD and TC in influent wastewater of all studied hospitals was 7.5, 296, 400, 616 mgL-1 and 3.1×105 MPN per 100ml and in effluent was 7.4, 78, 84, 150 mgL-1 and 831 MPN per 100ml, respectively. The mean free chlorine residual in the effluent of these hospitals was reported to be 0.2 mgL-1. The mean removal of TSS, BOD, COD and TC in mentioned hospitals wastewater treatment plant was 74.3, 79.6, 76.5 and 99.7%, respectively. According to the results of this research, the concentration of TSS, BOD, COD and TC in the effluent of the studied hospitals was more than the Iranian reuse standard which indicates inefficient removal of pollutants in mentioned hospital wastewater treatment plant. Thus, for effluent reuse in irrigation more efficient wastewater treatment process is required. Key words: Hospital wastewater, wastewater treatment, effluent reuse, efficiency.
Indigenous Burning as Conservation Practice: Neotropical Savanna Recovery amid Agribusiness Deforestation in Central Brazil

International efforts to address climate change by reducing tropical deforestation increasingly rely on indigenous reserves as conservation units and indigenous peoples as strategic partners. Considered win-win situations where global conservation measures also contribute to cultural preservation, such alliances also frame indigenous peoples in diverse ecological settings with the responsibility to offset global carbon budgets through fire suppression based on the presumed positive value of non-alteration of tropical landscapes. Anthropogenic fire associated with indigenous ceremonial and collective hunting practices in the Neotropical savannas (cerrado) of Central Brazil is routinely represented in public and scientific conservation discourse as a cause of deforestation and increased CO2 emissions despite a lack of supporting evidence. We evaluate this claim for the Xavante people of Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Reserve, Brazil. Building upon 23 years of longitudinal interdisciplinary research in the area, we used multi-temporal spatial analyses to compare land cover change under indigenous and agribusiness management over the last four decades (1973–2010) and quantify the contemporary Xavante burning regime contributing to observed patterns based on a four year sample at the end of this sequence (2007–2010). The overall proportion of deforested land remained stable inside the reserve (0.6%) but increased sharply outside (1.5% to 26.0%). Vegetation recovery occurred where reserve boundary adjustments transferred lands previously deforested by agribusiness to indigenous management. Periodic traditional burning by the Xavante had a large spatial distribution but repeated burning in consecutive years was restricted. Our results suggest a need to reassess overreaching conservation narratives about the purported destructiveness of indigenous anthropogenic fire in the cerrado. The real challenge to conservation in the fire-adapted cerrado biome is the long-term sustainability of indigenous lands and other tropical conservation islands increasingly subsumed by agribusiness expansion rather than the localized subsistence practices of indigenous and other traditional peoples.
Supporting the Integration of Sustainability into Higher Education Curricula—A Case Study from Switzerland

From the perspective of different stakeholders, education for sustainable development (ESD) in higher education is highly desirable. In practice, however, this may present challenges, as it involves systemic and cultural changes as well as organizational transformation. A working group at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences supported such a transformative process with the aim of fostering, linking and subsequently deepening the dimensions of sustainable development in the existing curricula. By means of an assessment tool (spider diagram) developed through a bottom-up action research procedure, the working group initiated a discussion on sustainability among university lecturers, research associates and students. Results support the hypothesis that resistance to incorporating dimensions of sustainability into the curriculum can effectively be avoided by such an approach. The effectiveness of the assessment tool increased the commitment and the willingness of lecturers to share a common goal of demonstrating the relevance of sustainability in higher education.
Adolescent Antisocial Behavior Explained by Combining Stress-Related Parameters

Many stress-related parameters have been associated with antisocial behavior, including low cortisol awakening responses (CAR), as well as low cortisol and alpha-amylase reactivity to stress. These parameters reflect different, yet interrelated components of the stress system, yet it remains to be determined whether they exert joint or independent effects. Therefore, this study examined them in concert, as this may offer a better explanation of the psychophysiological mechanism’s underlying antisocial behavior. Antisocial behavior was assessed through self-report by 197 general population boys and girls (Mage = 17.31, SD = 0.44). The CAR was assessed, as well as cortisol and alpha-amylase reactivity to a public speaking task. Neither stress-related parameter was independently related to antisocial behavior. The best explanation was provided by a CAR × Cortisol reactivity interaction, indicating that in youth with a low CAR, antisocial behavior was positively associated with cortisol reactivity. In youth with a high CAR, no association between antisocial behavior and cortisol reactivity was found. Between cortisol and alpha-amylase reactivity a trend toward an interaction appeared, indicating a negative association between cortisol reactivity and antisocial behavior in those with low alpha-amylase reactivity, and a positive association in those with high alpha-amylase reactivity. These findings indicate that in order to understand the mechanisms underlying antisocial behavior, the stress system should be studied comprehensively rather than focus on single parameters. Particularly cortisol parameters appear to be jointly related to antisocial behavior, the additional value of alpha-amylase reactivity to cortisol reactivity may however be limited.
Fast Boolean Minimizer for Completely Specified Functions

We propose a simple and fast two-level minimization algorithm for completely specified functions in this paper. The algorithm is based on processing ternary trees. A ternary tree is proposed as a structure enabling a very compact representation of completely specified Boolean functions. It is efficient especially for functions having many on-set terms. The minimization algorithm is thus most suited for functions described by many on-set terms. Such functions emerge as a result of many algorithms used in logic synthesis process, e.g., multi-level network collapsing, algebraic manipulation with logic functions, etc. When these functions are to be minimized, most of the state- of-the-art minimizers (Espresso) need prohibitively long time to process them, or they are even completely unusable, due to their very high memory consumption. Our algorithm is able to minimize such functions in a reasonable time, though the result quality does not reach the quality of other minimizers. Here our minimizer found its application as a pre-processor that, when run prior to, e.g., Espresso, significantly reduces total minimization time, while fully retaining the result quality.
An observational study of the characteristics of different substance-use disorder subtypes combined with adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Aim The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics and intensity of the association between various subtypes of substance-use disorders (SUD) with adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and compare this with the progression of substance use in those without ADHD. Participants and methods The study was conducted at the Psychiatric Department, Mansoura University Hospital. Both inpatients and outpatients who screened positive for any one of the substances such as alcohol, opioids, amphetamine, or cannabis were approached to enter the study. Out of these, patients who gave informed consent, satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and met the DSM-IV-TR diagnosis for SUD for dependence or abuse entered the study and completed the patient intake form. A total of 100 such consecutive patients were screened for symptoms of adult ADHD by administering the first six questions of part A of the Arabic version of the adult ADHD self-report scale-VI.I (ASRS-VI.I) symptom checklist. Only the first six questions that are found to be the most predictive of symptoms were included for screening. Patients who answered positive for four or more questions were further interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview of Adult ADHD to make a diagnosis of adult ADHD in these patients. A total of 97 patients completed all parts of study questionnaire. The patients were divided and grouped depending on the type of substance abused, alcohol, opioid, cannabis, amphetamine, or polysubstance, and whether or not they had comorbid adult ADHD. The results obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results The prevalence and course of SUD combined with adult ADHD differed depending on the primary substance of abuse. Cannabis and alcohol users had a higher percentage of adult ADHD (36.4 and 33.3%, respectively) compared with other drug users. Cannabis had the earliest age of onset of SUD at 15 years of age. Cannabis and amphetamine had a prolonged duration of abuse: 14.87 and 14.7 years, respectively. Similarly, they had a greater number of hospitalizations (3.82 and 3.88 times, respectively) and an increased duration of stay in the hospital (166.67 and 110 days, respectively) as compared with other drugs. Polysubstance, cannabis, and amphetamine abusers had more relapses: 3.27, 3.36, and 3.38 times, respectively. Conclusion The percentage of ADHD differs among different subgroups of SUD depending on the primary substance of abuse. Cannabis and amphetamine have a higher comorbidity, an earlier age of onset, and a more protracted course of SUD in ADHD patients compared with other drugs.
CSR and the Workplace Attitudes of Irregular Employees: The Case of Subcontracted Workers in Korea

In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in organizational trends to hire irregular workers. This inclination, in a time of great flux and uncertainty, exacerbates human resource issues faced by firms. We argue that corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be an important antecedent to improve the workplace attitudes of irregular workers and as a result reduce the negative impact on organizations of the increased use of an irregular workforce. Hence, we explore the relationship between perceived CSR (composite and disaggregated) and unfairness perception and social relations of subcontracted workers with regular workers. We further attempt to explain these relationships through the mediating effects of psychological contract violation and organizational identity, respectively. Our analysis supports a negative effect of composite and external CSR on unfairness perception and positive effect on social relations. Additionally, our results support partial mediating roles of psychological contract violation and organizational identity. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are also discussed.
EFFECT OF CENTRAL MASS CONCENTRATION ON THE FORMATION OF NUCLEAR SPIRALS IN BARRED GALAXIES

We have performed smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations to study the response of the central kiloparsec region of a gaseous disk to the imposition of nonaxisymmetric bar potentials. The model galaxies are composed of three axisymmetric components (halo, disk, and bulge) and a nonaxisymmetric bar. These components are assumed to be invariant in time in the frame corotating with the bar. The potential of spherical γ-models of Dehnen is adopted for the bulge component whose density varies as r−γ near the center and r−4 at larger radii and, hence, possesses a central density core for γ = 0 and cusps for γ>0. Since the central mass concentration of the model galaxies increases with the cusp parameter γ, we have examined here the effect of the central mass concentration by varying the cusp parameter γ on the mechanism responsible for the formation of the symmetric two-armed nuclear spirals in barred galaxies. Our simulations show that the symmetric two-armed nuclear spirals are formed by hydrodynamic spiral shocks driven by the gravitational torque of the bar for the models with γ = 0 and 0.5. On the other hand, the symmetric two-armed nuclear spirals in the models with γ = 1 and 1.5 are explained by gas density waves. Thus, we conclude that the mechanism responsible for the formation of symmetric two-armed nuclear spirals in barred galaxies changes from hydrodynamic shocks to gas density waves as the central mass concentration increases from γ = 0 to 1.5.
Two examples for the application of the ZZDecomposer: Zigzag-edge coronoids and fenestrenes

In our recent paper [MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 71 (2013) 741-764] some formulas and figures were misprinted. In this paper, we correct these problems giving formal derivations of Zhang-Zhang (ZZ) polynomials for two classes of benzenoid systems, zigzagedge coronoids and fenestrenes.