Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Influences of the Last Magellanic Interaction on the Magellanic Clouds

Abstract We investigate the present distributions of gas and young stars in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) based on fully self-consistent numerical simulations of the Clouds for the last ∼0.8 Gyr. Our principal results, which can be tested against observations, are as follows. The last dynamical and hydrodynamical interaction between the Clouds about ∼0.2 Gyr ago can form the apparently off-center bar and peculiar Hı spirals of the LMC. The present spatial distributions of young stars with ages less than ∼20 Myr in the LMC can be significantly asymmetric and clumpy owing to the interaction. A small but non-negligible fraction of stellar and gaseous components can be transferred from the SMC into the LMC during the interaction to form diffuse halo components around the LMC. The burst of star formation in the SMC can be synchronized with that of the LMC about 0.2 Gyr ago in some models. New stars can form from gas in the SMC's tidal tails, one of which can be observed as the Magellanic Bridge (MB). The metallicity distribution function of new stars in the MB has a peak of [Fe/H] ∼ −0.8, which is significantly smaller than the stellar metallicity of the SMC. Based on these results, we discuss the origin of 30 Doradus, the southern molecular ridge of the LMC, the globular cluster ESO 121-SC03, metal-poor inter-Cloud stars within the MB, and giant Hı holes of the LMC.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Aspirin and Simvastatin for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: ASA-STAT

Background— Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that causes exercise limitation, heart failure, and death. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of aspirin and simvastatin in PAH. Methods and Results— We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2×2 factorial clinical trial of aspirin and simvastatin in patients with PAH receiving background therapy at 4 centers. A total of 92 patients with PAH were to be randomized to aspirin 81 mg or matching placebo and simvastatin 40 mg or matching placebo. The primary outcome was 6-minute walk distance at 6 months. Sixty-five subjects had been randomized when the trial was terminated by the Data Safety and Monitoring Board after an interim analysis showed futility in reaching the primary end point for simvastatin. After adjustment for baseline 6-minute walk distance, there was no significant difference in the 6-minute walk distance at 6 months between aspirin (n=32) and placebo (n=33; placebo-corrected difference −0.5 m, 95% confidence interval −28.4 to 27.4 m; P=0.97) or between simvastatin (n=32) and placebo (n=33; placebo-corrected difference −27.6 m, 95% confidence interval −59.6 to 4.3 m; P=0.09). There tended to be more major bleeding episodes with aspirin than with placebo (4 events versus 1 event, respectively; P=0.17). Conclusions— Neither aspirin nor simvastatin had a significant effect on the 6-minute walk distance, although patients randomized to simvastatin tended to have a lower 6-minute walk distance at 6 months. These results do not support the routine treatment of patients with PAH with these medications. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00384865.
On-the-Job versus off Training of Nurses in Documentation of Nursing Practice

Background: Training, either on-the-job or off-the-job, is the only means that may improve such lack of competencies in documentation. Aim of the study: To investigate the differences between on-the-job and off-the-job training of nurses in documentation of nursing practice. Subjects and methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out at the primary health care (PHC) centers in Giza Governorate on two cluster samples of 75 nurses each, one for on-the-job and the other for off-the-job training. A self-administered questionnaire was used for nurses’ knowledge and an audit sheet for their practice of documentation. The intervention consisted of a 2-day training in nursing documentation. Results: In total, only one (1.3%) nurse in each group had satisfactory pre-intervention, which increased to 94.7% in both groups after the intervention (p<0.001). Overall, no nurse in the two groups had adequate total audit before the intervention. After the intervention, none in the on-the-job and 4.0% in the off-the-job had adequate audit (p=0.24). Knowledge and audit scores significant positive correlation (r=0.698). Conclusion and recommendations: Both on-the-job and off-the-job approaches are effective in improving nurses’ knowledge of documentation, but with less effect on their audited achievement of documentation criteria
Finasteride 5 mg/day Treatment of Patterned Hair Loss in Normo-androgenetic Postmenopausal Women

Background: There is no consensus on the standard treatment options for female pattern androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Efficacy of finasteride in women is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of 5 mg/day oral finasteride in normoandrogenic postmenopausal woman. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 normoandrogenic postmenopausal women with AGA was enrolled in this study. They were treated with oral finasteride 5 mg/day for 18 months. Efficacy was evaluated by patient's satisfaction and global photograph assessment. All the 40 patients completed 18 months of finasteride treatment schedule. Results: After 6 months, 22 patients referred significant improvement, 12 moderate improvement, and 6 no improvement. Regarding to global photo assessment, 8 patients showed no improvement, 16 showed moderate improvement and 16 showed significant improvements at the 6th month. A slight improvement was observed over time from 6 to 12 and 18 months observation. Maintained libido reduction was referred by four patients and liver enzymes increase was observed in one patient. Older patients were more prone to worse response. Discussion: Finasteride 5 mg/day is effective and safe for the treatment of female AGA in postmenopausal women in the absence of clinical or laboratory signs of hyper-androgenism.
Introduction: Interrogating Harm and Abuse: A Lifespan Approach

At any time any person faces a possibility of suffering harm from another, and the broad criminal justice framework aims to provide a general level of protection from such harms to the whole population. However, possibilities of abuse, exploitation or neglect are conceptualised as more likely for certain people. These include those in intimate partner relationships, or those whose level of dependency on others is greater as a result of life stage or impairment. Specific legal and policy measures aim to address potential harm in such situations, and are proliferating.
Difference in Binocularity and Ocular Dominance Plasticity between GABAergic and Excitatory Cortical Neurons

Neuronal circuits in the cerebral cortex consist mainly of glutamatergic/excitatory and GABAergic/inhibitory neurons. In the visual cortex, the binocular responsiveness of neurons is modified by monocular visual deprivation during the critical period of postnatal development. Although GABAergic neurons are considered to play a key role in the expression of the critical period, it is not known whether their binocular responsiveness and ocular dominance plasticity are different from those of excitatory neurons. Recently, the end of the critical period was found to be not strict so that cortical neurons in the adult still have some ocular dominance plasticity. It is not known, however, which type of neurons or both maintain such plasticity in adulthood. To address these issues, we applied in vivo two-photon functional Ca2+ imaging to transgenic mice whose GABAergic neurons express a yellow fluorescent protein called Venus. We found that GABAergic neurons are more binocular than excitatory neurons in the normal visual cortex, and both types of neurons show the same degree of modifiability to monocular visual deprivation during the critical period, but the modifiability of GABAergic neurons is stronger than that of excitatory neurons after the end of the critical period.
Embryology: Constructing the Organism

Embryology texts are most frequently organized in one of two ways depending on their intended purpose. Undergraduate texts are usually structured such that their sequence mimics the stages of embryolog-ical development. This, of course, makes sense, as it follows the method used by most instructors and allows one to rapidly locate information about a specific event of development. Unless, that is, one is seeking information on a specific organism. For this, only those texts that deal with the development of a single organism are truly helpful. Embryology, edited by has an organization that lies in between these two approaches. The text begins with two chapters that introduce basic aspects of embryology. The first is on the fundamentals of meta-zoan development and the second introduces "the concept of larvae. " After chapter two, as the editors point out in the introduction, the book need not be read in any particular order, for each subsequent chapter covers the complete embryology of a specific group of organisms. The text is divided into seven sections: one each for the introduction, primitive multicellular organisms, radiate animal phyla, and plants, and three sections for bilateral animal phyla. The known details of the development of a representative organism, or organisms, for a given phylum, subphy-lum, etc., are discussed in twenty-three chapters. The chapters are each written by different authors who have unfortunately not utilized a common sequence or headings. While this makes comparative study difficult using this text, the information for each chapter is referenced in a single, comprehensive, index, and the chapters themselves are quite detailed.
Measuring the social value of local public goods: an empirical analysis within Paris metropolitan area

A non-linear hedonic model is used to estimate the implicit marginal prices of 17 local public goods in a Paris suburban area on an original data set of some 8200 housing units. The results reveal a robust effect of local public school quality (measured both by the fraction of junior high school students that are at least two years behind grade level and the student/teacher ratio) on house prices. It is observed that housing owners’ marginal willingness to pay for reducing commuting time is roughly similar for public transportation than for car transportation. Another noticeable result is the complete capitalization of local taxes at a discount rate of 3.5%. An illustration of the potential usefulness of the results for Cost–Benefit analysis is also provided.
Learning Python Code Suggestion with a Sparse Pointer Network

To enhance developer productivity, all modern integrated development environments (IDEs) include code suggestion functionality that proposes likely next tokens at the cursor. While current IDEs work well for statically-typed languages, their reliance on type annotations means that they do not provide the same level of support for dynamic programming languages as for statically-typed languages. Moreover, suggestion engines in modern IDEs do not propose expressions or multi-statement idiomatic code. Recent work has shown that language models can improve code suggestion systems by learning from software repositories. This paper introduces a neural language model with a sparse pointer network aimed at capturing very long range dependencies. We release a large-scale code suggestion corpus of 41M lines of Python code crawled from GitHub. On this corpus, we found standard neural language models to perform well at suggesting local phenomena, but struggle to refer to identifiers that are introduced many tokens in the past. By augmenting a neural language model with a pointer network specialized in referring to predefined classes of identifiers, we obtain a much lower perplexity and a 5 percentage points increase in accuracy for code suggestion compared to an LSTM baseline. In fact, this increase in code suggestion accuracy is due to a 13 times more accurate prediction of identifiers. Furthermore, a qualitative analysis shows this model indeed captures interesting long-range dependencies, like referring to a class member defined over 60 tokens in the past.
Why Does Ethnic Diversity Affect Public Good Provision ? An Empirical Analysis of Water Provision in Africa ∗

The lack of provision of basic services such as piped drinking water is a major barrier to economic development in many countries around the world. However there is little consensus about the mechanisms that limit the ability of communities to provide these goods. In this paper I investigate the role of ethnic diversity as a potential barrier to the provision of public goods. The existing literature focuses on two primary mechanisms through which local ethnic diversity reduces the supply of publicly provided goods either ethnic groups have diverse preferences or the local institutions that manage inter-ethnic relations are weak. The similarity in the aggregate predictions of the two theories stands in stark contrast to the differences between their policy implications thus providing the motivation to differentiate their effects. In this paper I embed both mechanisms within a single theoretical model and derive empirical implications. I then test the implications of the model for the effects of ethnic diversity on piped water provision in Sub-Saharan Africa. With a series of household surveys covering 15 countries I am able to test theoretical predictions at both aggregate and household levels. The results indicate that ethnic diversity has signficant negative effects on the provision of piped water and ineffective local institutions are the primary channel for this effect. ∗I would like to thank participants in the UBC development and empirical lunch seminars for their helpful advice. In particular Chris Bidner, Chris Barrington-Leigh, Mukesh Eswaran, Patrick Francois and Nathan Nunn have provided numerous valuable comments and ongoing support. This paper is work in progress so any comments would be very much appreciated. †E-mail kjackson@interchange.ubc.ca, Website grad.econ.ubc.ca/kjackson
Modelling gas hydrate equilibria using the electrolyte non-random two-liquid (ENRTL) model

The semi-empirical electrolyte NRTL (eNRTL) model, also referred to as the model of Chen, is a versatile model for the excess molar Gibbs energy, capable of describing multicomponent electrolyte systems over wide ranges of state conditions. The model represents the excess Gibbs molar energy as the sum of two contributions, the first one of which accounts for long range electrostatic forces between ions, and the second one for the short range forces between all species. In single solvent systems, the long range interaction contribution consists of a term originating from the Pitzer-Debye-Huckel (PDH) equation . A modified version of the Non-Random-Two-Liquid (NRTL) local composition model of Renon and Prausnitz accounts for the short range interaction between all the species in their immediate neighbourhood. The most general form of the eNRTL activity coefficient expressions for both, individual species as well as mean ionic quantities have been implemented in the JAVA language. Model parameters for different strong electrolytes are provided by means of a data bank in the xml file format. The program code of the model implementation has been incorporated into the program package "gashydyn" developed in our group and allowing for performing equilibrium calculations involving gas hydrate phases. The correctness of the program implementation of the eNRTL expressions has been verified by comparing the results of numerous examples with corresponding literature results, including the composition dependence of the mean ionic activity coefficient of binary salt + solvent mixtures as well as of ternary salt 1 + salt 2 + mixtures. For the ternary systems, the influence of different values for the salt-salt binary interaction parameter is illustrated. Calculations on HLV phase equilibria of ternary H2O + salt + gas and quaternary H2O + salt + gas 1 + gas 2 systems have been performed. The calculations are based upon an equation of state approach for the gas phase, the van-der-Waals and Platteeuw model for the clathrate hydrate phase and the eNRTL model to account for the liquid phase non-idealities. The results reveal that a satisfying correlation of the experimental p-T-phase equilibrium data can be achieved with results ranging from around 1 to 15 %.
Alteration in Shoulder Kinematics and Associated Muscle Activity in People With Idiopathic Scoliosis

Study Design. A cross-sectional control-matched study in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (IS). Objective. To evaluate whether subjects with IS had shoulder dysfunction and associated impairment in shoulder kinematics and muscular activation. Summary of Background Data. Evidence indicates that shoulder kinematics are related to shoulder pain and dysfunction. Despite the degree of morbidity associated with altered shoulder kinematics likely to occur in subjects with IS, no report has been published to address this hypothesis. Methods. In this investigation, shoulder kinematics (scapular tipping, scapular upward rotation, and scapulohumeral rhythm) and associated muscular activities [upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), serrantus anterior (SA), and middle deltoid (MD)] were evaluated with a 3-dimensional electromagnetic tracking device and electromyography during arm elevations in 13 female subjects with IS and 13 age-gender-dominant hand-matched controls. Additionally, self-reported Flexilevel Scale of Shoulder Function (FLEX-SF) was evaluated between the 2 groups. Results. Subjects with IS demonstrated lower FLEX-SF scores than the controls (P = 0.01). For the convex side, more anterior tilt of the scapula in resting position was identified (P = 0.006). For the concave side, more scapular upward rotation in resting position was identified (P = 0.01). For the EMG amplitude, higher LT contraction activity on the convex side and lower LT and SA contraction activity on the concave side were established (P = 0.007 and less than 0.01, respectively). A moderate positive association was found between scapular posterior tipping during movement and FLEX-SF functional score (R = 0.51). A moderate negative association was found between LT muscular activity and FLEX-SF functional score (R = −0.54). Conclusion. Given the progressive nature of IS and kinematic linkage among the thoracic spine, scapula, and arm, inadequate posterior tipping movement and high LT muscular activity on the convex side of IS are important to consider in rehabilitation programs for subjects with IS.
A Bayesian Geostatistical Moran Curve Model for Estimating Net Changes of Tsetse Populations in Zambia

For the first time a Bayesian geostatistical version of the Moran Curve, a logarithmic form of the Ricker stock recruitment curve, is proposed that is able to give an estimate of net change in population demographic rates considering components such as fertility and density dependent and density independent mortalities. The method is applied to spatio-temporally referenced count data of tsetse flies obtained from fly-rounds. The model is a linear regression with three components: population rate of change estimated from the Moran curve, an explicit spatio-temporal covariance, and the observation error optimised within a Bayesian framework. The model was applied to the three main climate seasons of Zambia (rainy – January to April, cold-dry – May to August, and hot-dry – September to December) taking into account land surface temperature and (seasonally changing) cattle distribution. The model shows a maximum positive net change during the hot-dry season and a minimum between the rainy and cold-dry seasons. Density independent losses are correlated positively with day-time land surface temperature and negatively with night-time land surface temperature and cattle distribution. The inclusion of density dependent mortality increases considerably the goodness of fit of the model. Cross validation with an independent dataset taken from the same area resulted in a very accurate estimate of tsetse catches. In general, the overall framework provides an important tool for vector control and eradication by identifying vector population concentrations and local vector demographic rates. It can also be applied to the case of sustainable harvesting of natural populations.
Bridging the Gaps Between Residual Learning, Recurrent Neural Networks and Visual Cortex

We discuss relations between Residual Networks (ResNet), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and the primate visual cortex. We begin with the observation that a shallow RNN is exactly equivalent to a very deep ResNet with weight sharing among the layers. A direct implementation of such a RNN, although having orders of magnitude fewer parameters, leads to a performance similar to the corresponding ResNet. We propose 1) a generalization of both RNN and ResNet architectures and 2) the conjecture that a class of moderately deep RNNs is a biologically-plausible model of the ventral stream in visual cortex. We demonstrate the eectiveness of the architectures by testing them on the CIFAR-10 dataset.
Lupus nephritis in children – 10 years’ experience

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in children is usually more severe than it is in adults and there is a higher incidence of renal involvement. We described 18 children (16 girls, 2 boys) with lupus nephritis (LN), whose average age was 14.4 ±1.81 years. Disease activity was assessed according to SLEDAI (SLE Disease Activity Index). Renal biopsy was classified according to the INS/RPS (International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society). The patients were treated with steroids (100%) and pulses of cyclophosphamide (88.9%) or mycophenolate mofetil (11.1%), next azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil with prednisone in reduced doses. In children with renal/multi-organ insufficiency and/or septicaemia, renal replacement therapy (27.8%), and plasmapheresis (22.2%) were used in the initial treatment. The SLEDAI initial activity was high in 44.4% and moderate in 55.6% of children. LN manifested as: nephrotic syndrome (83.3%), microhaematuria (100%), leukocyturia (60%), hypertension (72.2%), and acute renal injury (83.3%); mean GFR was 54.55 ±33.09 ml/min/1.73 m2. In the renal biopsy, class IV LN according to INS/RPS was mainly diagnosed (82%). At the end of follow-up, mean observation time 32.1±23.36 months: mean GFR was 90.87 ±12.13 ml/min/1.73 m2, proteinuria disappeared in 66.7% and decreased in 33.3% of children to the average of 1.7 g/day (range: 0.5-4.0 g/day), hypertension was observed in 83.4% of children. Intensive immunosuppressive treatment with pulses of cyclophosphamide in early stage of LN in children is very effective.