Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Writing the History of Dynamical Systems and Chaos: Longue Durée and Revolution, Disciplines and Cultures

Abstract Between the late 1960s and the beginning of the 1980s, the wide recognition that simple dynamical laws could give rise to complex behaviors was sometimes hailed as a true scientific revolution impacting several disciplines, for which a striking label was coined—“chaos. ” Mathematicians quickly pointed out that the purported revolution was relying on the abstract theory of dynamical systems founded in the late 19th century by Henri Poincare who had already reached a similar conclusion. In this paper, we flesh out the historiographical tensions arising from these confrontations: longue-duree history and revolution; abstract mathematics and the use of mathematical techniques in various other domains. After reviewing the historiography of dynamical systems theory from Poincare to the 1960s, we highlight the pioneering work of a few individuals (Steve Smale, Edward Lorenz, David Ruelle). We then go on to discuss the nature of the chaos phenomenon, which, we argue, was a conceptual reconfiguration as much as a sociodisciplinary convergence. © 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). Entre la fin des annees 1960 et le debut des annees 1980, la reconnaissance du fait que des lois dynamiques simples peuvent donner naissance a des comportements tres compliques a ete souvent ressentie comme une vraie revolution concernant plusieurs disciplines en train de former une nouvelle science, la “science du chaos. ” Rapidement, les mathematiciens ont reagi en soulignant l'anciennete de la theorie des systemes dynamiques fondee a la fin du XIXeme siecle par Henri Poincare qui avait deja obtenu ce resultat precis. Dans cet article, nous mettons en evidence les tensions historiographiques issues de diverses confrontations: l'histoire de longue duree versus la notion de revolution, les mathematiques pures versus l'utilisation des techniques mathematiques dans d'autres domaines. Apres avoir passe en revue l'historiographie de la theorie des systemes dynamiques de Poincare jusqu'aux annees 1960, nous soulignons les travaux pionniers d'un petit nombre d'individus: Steve Smale, Edward Lorenz et David Ruelle. Nous poursuivons en discutant la nature du phenomene du chaos qui constitue, selon notre analyse, tant une reconfiguration conceptuelle qu'une convergence sociale et disciplinaire. © 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). MSC subject classifications : 01A60, 01A85, 37-03, 76-03, 82-03, 86-03.
Study of Emission Turbulence-Radiation Interaction in Hypersonic Boundary Layers

Direct numerical simulations are conducted to study the effects of emission turbulence-radiation interaction in hypersonic turbulent boundary layers, representative of the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle at peak-heating condition during reentry. A nondimensional governing parameter to measure the significance of emission turbulence-radiation interaction is proposed, and the direct numerical simulation fields with and without emission coupling are used to assess emission turbulence-radiation interaction. Both the uncoupled and coupled results show that there is no sizable interaction between turbulence and emission at the hypersonic environment under investigation. An explanation of why the intensity of emission turbulence-radiation interaction in the hypersonic boundary layer is smaller than that in many combustion flows is provided.
Clinicopathologic Significance of HIF-1α, CXCR4, and VEGF Expression in Colon Cancer

We investigated the clinicopathologic significance of HIF-1, CXCR4, and VEGF expression using immumohistochemistry in human colon cancer. HIF-1, CXCR4, and VEGF high expression levels were correlated positively with TNM stage, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis Furthermore, we found that combined high expression of any two of the three molecules (P = .028 for HIF-1/CXCR4, P = .007 for HIF-1/VEGF, and P = .004 for CXCR4/VEGF) had stronger correlation with lymph node metastasis than did each alone. However, a relationship with distant metastasis is seen only with the combinations CXCR4/VEGF (P = .069 for HIF-1/CXCR4, P = .062 for HIF-1/VEGF, and P = .035 for CXCR4/VEGF) as compared with those of single molecule high expression alone. Combined expression of all three molecules strongly correlates with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. The mRNA expression of HIF-1, CXCR4, and VEGF were quantified by real-time PCR in different colon cancer tissue samples, the experiment results shown that fresh colon tissue samples significantly overexpressed CXCR4 and VEGF mRNA compared with negative control. Therefore, the disease-free survival of all patients after curative resection can be considered in association with all three markers expression.
Salivary Microbiome Diversity in Caries-Free and Caries-Affected Children

Dental caries (tooth decay) is an infectious disease. Its etiology is not fully understood from the microbiological perspective. This study characterizes the diversity of microbial flora in the saliva of children with and without dental caries. Children (3–4 years old) with caries (n = 20) and without caries (n = 20) were recruited. Unstimulated saliva (2 mL) was collected from each child and the total microbial genomic DNA was extracted. DNA amplicons of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were generated and subjected to Illumina Miseq sequencing. A total of 17 phyla, 26 classes, 40 orders, 80 families, 151 genera, and 310 bacterial species were represented in the saliva samples. There was no significant difference in the microbiome diversity between caries-affected and caries-free children (p > 0.05). The relative abundance of several species (Rothia dentocariosa, Actinomyces graevenitzii, Veillonella sp. oral taxon 780, Prevotella salivae, and Streptococcus mutans) was higher in the caries-affected group than in the caries-free group (p < 0.05). Fusobacterium periodonticum and Leptotrichia sp. oral clone FP036 were more abundant in caries-free children than in caries-affected children (p < 0.05). The salivary microbiome profiles of caries-free and caries-affected children were similar. Salivary counts of certain bacteria such as R. dentocariosa and F. periodonticum may be useful for screening/assessing children’s risk of developing caries.
A comparative study of the magnetization process of two-dimensional antiferromagnets

Plateaux in the magnetization curves of the square-, triangular- and hexagonal-lattice spin-1/2 XXZ antiferromagnet are investigated. One finds a zero-magnetization plateau (corresponding to a spin gap) on the square and hexagonal lattice with Ising-like anisotropies, and a plateau with one-third of the saturation magnetization on the triangular lattice which survives a small amount of easy-plane anisotropy. Here we start with transfer-matrix computations for the Ising limit and continue with series in the XXZ anisotropy for plateau boundaries using the ground states of the Ising limit. The main focus is then a numerical computation of the magnetization curves with anisotropies in the vicinity of the isotropic situation. Finally, we discuss the universality class associated with the asymptotic behaviour of the magnetization curve close to saturation, as observed numerically in two and higher dimensions.
The Effectiveness of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: A Literature Review of Recent International and Australian Research

The purpose of this review was to determine the effectiveness of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy, both generally and in Australian settings. A systematic search for papers on research conducted internationally and in Australia within the last 5 years was undertaken using the Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO databases. From the 1,231 records retrieved from the two databases, 26 papers included studies that met the selection criteria. None of these papers contained research from Australia. Evidence from a small number of studies provides tentative support for the effectiveness of psychoanalysis in the treatment of patients with some depressive, anxiety, and personality disorders. The variable quality of this research, and the absence of control conditions in most studies, however, means that making more definitive statements about the effectiveness of psychoanalysis difficult at this time. The findings of studies on long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy suggest that (a) favourable outcomes may be able to be achieved for people with a range of conditions, including mood, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, and personality disorders; (b) the outcomes achieved seem to be equivalent to those gained through the use of other psychotherapies; and (c) the effects of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy may endure long after the termination of treatment. Short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy may be effective for the treatment of depressive disorders. The quality of studies in this area prevents the drawing of more definitive conclusions with respect to other conditions. Given that researchers often use the terms psychoanalytic and psychodynamic interchangeably, however, practitioners should be cognisant of the work on the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapies. This work is supportive of the use of psychodynamic psychotherapy for depressive disorders, some anxiety disorders (most notably, generalised anxiety disorder), somatic symptoms and some somatoform disorders (e.g., hypochondriasis), and some personality disorders (mainly borderline and Cluster C personality disorders). The benefits of psychoanalytic and psychodynamic psychotherapies typically seem to endure well beyond the termination of treatment. In general, the outcomes achieved with these treatments appear to be equivalent to those gained through other psychotherapies. More definitive conclusions about the value of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy cannot be drawn at this time. For a variety of reasons (e.g., the challenges associated with researching treatments that occur over long periods of time) there has been insufficient research conducted on the effectiveness of these psychotherapies, especially psychoanalysis. More research is required to strengthen the evidence base on the effectiveness of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy.
The Anthropology of Infectious Disease

Diseases caused by infectious agents have profoundly affected both human history and biology. In demographic terms, infectious diseases-including both great epidemics, such as plague and smallpox, which have devastated human populations from ancient to modem times, and less dramatic, un­ named viral and bacterial infections causing high infant mortality-have likely claimed more lives than all wars, noninfectious diseases , and natural disasters taken together. In the face of such attack by microscopic invaders , human populations have been forced to adapt to infectious agents on the levels of both genes and culture. As agents of natural selection, infectious diseases have played a major role in the evolution of the human species . Infectious diseases have also been a prime mover in cultural transformation, as societies have responded to the social, economic, political, and psychological disrup­ tion engendered by acute epidemics (e.g. measles , influenza) and chronic, debilitating infectious diseases (e.g. malaria, schistosomiasis) . Today, the global epidemic of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) provides a salient example of the processes underlying infectious-disease-related cultural transformations. As many of the examples cited in this review illustrate, human groups have often unwittingly facilitated the spread of infectious
Understanding Structure and Bonding of Multilayered Metal–Organic Nanostructures

For organic and hybrid electronic devices, the physicochemical properties of the contained interfaces play a dominant role. To disentangle the various interactions occurring at such heterointerfaces, we here model a complex, yet prototypical, three-component system consisting of a Cu–phthalocyanine (CuPc) film on a 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) monolayer adsorbed on Ag(111). The two encountered interfaces are similar, as in both cases there would be no bonding without van der Waals interactions. Still, they are also distinctly different, as only at the Ag(111)–PTCDA interface do massive charge-rearrangements occur. Using recently developed theoretical tools, we show that it has become possible to provide atomistic insight into the physical and chemical processes in this comparatively complex nanostructure distinguishing between interactions involving local rearrangements of the charge density and long-range van der Waals attraction.
Analysis of the link between injuries on forest trees and presence of harmful fungal organisms

This research focus on the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms on beech trees relative to the presence of tree injuries, with the aim to ensure protection and preservation of this species in Serbia. The research was conducted in eastern Serbia, in a hillside beech forest Fagetum moesiacae submontanum of generative origin. The testing was carried out on two sites over 51 testing plots, with a total of 829 trees and 21 species of identified fungi. On the first site it was found that the appearance of fungi primarily depends on the presence of mechanical damage on trees (as much as 73.46%), while the presence of abiotic damage has almost no bearing (only 3.21%). On the second site there was a strong correlation link between the occurrence of fungi and presence of mechanical damage 51.88%, as well as between the fungi and abiotic damage – 47.96%. The health condition of high beech stands was found to be heavily dependent on careful and proper manipulation during harvesting, while each injury inflicted on a beech live tree during logging opens the door to infection with pathogenic microorganisms.
DNA Amplification Techniques for the Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Tissue Cysts in Meat Producing Animals: A Narrative Review Article

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite, which infects one-third population of world. Humans and animals acquire infection by ingesting oocytes from feces of cats or by meat of other animals having cysts that may lead to congenital, ocular or cephalic toxoplasmosis. Either it is important to detect T. gondii from meat of food animals from retail shops or directly at slaughterhouses, which is meant for export. Methods: The current research was done without time limitation using such terms as follows: “Toxoplasma gondii”, “Meat”, “Tissue cyst”, “PCR”, “LAMP”, “Screening” and “Immunological assay” alone or in combination, in English language. The used electronic databases for searching included as follows: Pub-Med, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Science Direct. The searches were limited to the published papers to English language. Results: Sensitivity of different molecular techniques for diagnosis of Toxoplasma is real-time PCR > LAMP > conventional PCR. In addition to these DNA analysis tools, bioassay in mice and cats is considered as “gold standard” to detect T. gondii. Conclusion: This review article will help the readers for grasping advantages and limitations of different diagnostic tools for screening meat samples for T. gondii. This review also makes bibliography about the type of meat sample to be processed for diagnosis and different primers or sequences to be targeted for T. gondii by number of researches for its detection from meat or tissue sample using DNA amplification techniques.
Transverse domain walls in nanoconstrictions

The spin structure of domain walls in constrictions down to 30nm is investigated both experimentally with electron holography and with simulations using a Heisenberg model. Symmetric and asymmetric transverse domain walls for different constriction sizes are observed, consistent with simulations. The experimentally observed asymmetric transverse walls can be further divided into tilted and buckled walls, the latter being an intermediate state just before the vortex nucleation. As the constriction width decreases, the domain wall width decreases faster than linearly, which leads to very narrow domain walls for narrow constrictions.
Investment and consumption with small transaction costs

This thesis consists of two parts, both of which study the infinite horizon Merton problem under asymptotically small transaction costs. In the first part the asymptotical no trade regions are found numerically for proportional transaction costs, whereas the second is an initial attempt to employ homogenization theory previously used for fixed and proportional costs separately to the case of both costs simultaneously.
Private Politics, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Integrated Strategy

This paper provides a theory of private politics in which an activist seeks to change the production practices of a firm for the purpose of redistribution to those whose interests it supports. The source of the activist's influence is the possibility of support for its cause by the public. The paper also addresses the issue of corporate social responsibility by distinguishing among corporate redistribution as motivated by profit-maximization, altruism, and threats by the activist. Private politics and corporate social responsibility not only have a direct effect on the costs of the firm, but they also have a strategic effect by altering the competitive positions of firms in an industry. From an integrated strategy perspective the paper investigates the strategic implications of private politics and corporate social responsibility for the strategies of rival firms when one or both is the target of an activist campaign. Implications for empirical analysis are derived from the theory.
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in North America: 1997 results from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program.

As part of the ongoing multinational SENTRY antimicrobial resistance surveillance program, a total of 1,047 respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 845 from 27 United States medical centers and 202 from seven Canadian institutions, were collected between February and June 1997 and characterized in a central laboratory. In the United States, the overall percentages of penicillin-intermediate strains and strains with high-level resistance to penicillin were 27.8% and 16.0%, respectively. In Canada, these values were 21.8% and 8.4%, respectively. Among the 31 centers in the United States and Canada that contributed at least 19 isolates, the combined rate of intermediate plus resistant strains varied between 24.0% and 67.8%. The in vitro activity of 19 other antimicrobials was assessed against all study isolates. Overall rates of resistance among selected agents in the United States and Canada, respectively, were as follows: amoxicillin, 18.1% and 10.5%; cefaclor, 38.3% and 26.2%; cefuroxime, 19.5% and 12.9%; cefpodoxime, 18.6% and 11.4%; cefepime, 8.2% and 4.5%; cefotaxime, 4.0% and 3.0%; macrolides (i.e., erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin), 11.7%-14.3% and 5.0%-7.4%; clindamycin, 3.5% and 3.5%; chloramphenicol, 3.9% and 4.0%; tetracycline, 10.2% and 10.9%; and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 19.8% and 15.8%.
Initial Public Offering Allocations, Price Support, and Secondary Investors

Tying Initial Public Offering (IPO) allocations to after-listing purchases of other IPO shares, as a form of price support, has generated much theoretical interest and media attention. Price support is price manipulation and can reduce secondary investor return. Obtaining data to investigate price support has in the past proven to be difficult. We document that price support is harming secondary investors using new data from the Oslo Stock Exchange (OSE). We also show that investors who engage in price support are allocated more future oversubscribed allocations and that secondary investors stay away from the market in the future when they lose money.
Testing the Use of N-gram Graphs in Summarization Sub-tasks

Within this article, we sketch the set of generic tools we have de- vised and used within the summarization process and the domain of summary evaluation, focusing on how the tools were used within the TAC 2008 summa- rization update challenge. The tools have a common underlying theory and provide utility in various aspects of the Natural Language Processing domain. Within this study we elaborate on query expansion, content matching and ltering, redundancy removal as well as summary evaluation.
Turkey's Improving Integration with the Global Capital Market: Impacts on Risk Premia and Capital Costs

Turkey has considerably improved its terms of access to the global capital market. Progress in macroeconomic fundamentals has enhanced credibility and reduced risk premia and capital costs. This has had broad effects on capital supply conditions in the entire economy. Real interest rates have declined, and funds of lengthened maturity are becoming available for a broader range of borrowers and fund users, offering a basis for broader–based long–term growth. Estimations in the paper suggest that reinforcing fiscal institutions, price stability, governance quality, political stability and trade and growth performance would help Turkey to continue to improve its integration with the international capital market and reduce durably its capital costs. This paper relates to the 2010 OECD Economic Review of Turkey (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/turkey). L'Integration croissante de la Turquie avec le marche global des capitaux : Effets sur les primes de risque et cout du capital La Turquie a considerablement ameliore ses conditions d'acces au marche global des capitaux. Des progres dans les fondamentaux macroeconomiques ont renforce la credibilite et reduit les primes de risque et le cout du capital. Cela a eu des consequences considerables sur les conditions de financement de l'economie tout entiere. Les taux d'interet reels ont diminue, et des fonds a plus longue maturite deviennent disponibles pour un plus large eventail d'utilisateurs de fonds, offrant une base plus large pour la croissance a long terme. Les estimations dans le document suggerent que le renforcement des institutions budgetaires, de la stabilite des prix, de la qualite de la gouvernance, de la stabilite politique et de la performance du commerce exterieur et de la croissance aiderait la Turquie a continuer a ameliorer son integration avec le marche global des capitaux et a reduire durablement ses couts en capital. Ce document se rapporte a l’Etude economique de Turquie de l’OCDE, 2010, (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/turkey).
An Improved Algorithm Based on EMD-Wavelet for ECG Signal De-noising

In this paper we present an improved algorithm based on EMD-Wavelet for ECG(electrocardiogram) signal de-noising. This method has the advantages of both EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) and wavelet adaptive thresholding algorithm for the actual gathering ECG signal de-noising. It utilizes the adaptability of EMD to make up the indetermination when choosing wavelet function, and then uses wavelet adaptive thresholding to prevent the distortion of EMD algorithm. We take MATLAB as simulation platform to compare the three algorithms from simulation figure, SNR and MSE. The results show that this improved EMD-Wavelet algorithm is efficient and stable in ECG signal de-noising.
Education, Disappointment and Optimal Policy

Justification for policies to encourage investments in education, particularly for individuals at the lower end of the ability distribution, may be provided by behavioural economics. We present a prototypical model where individuals who are potentially loss averse around their expected outcome make risky investments in education and we draw on optimal tax theory to explore the design of policy. The model highlights the critical roles played by (i) the relationship between behavioural risk preferences, standard risk aversion and labour supply behaviour, (ii) the risk properties of education, and (iii) the degree of observability of individual academic ability.