Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Redundancy in Shadowing One of Two Dichotic Messages

Passages of prose approaching in varying degrees of statistical approximation to English were presented to subjects to shadow while normal prose which they were to disregard was presented to their other ear. It was found that the number of mistakes in shadowing varied inversely with the order of approximation to English, while the number of omissions varied inversely with the logarithm of the order of approximation. These results are discussed in the light of recent experiments on attention.
Women, Production, and Patriarchy in Late Medieval Cities

In this bold reinterpretation of Women's changing labor status during the late medieval and early modern period, Martha C. Howell argues that women's work was the product of the intersection of two systems, one cultural and one economic. Howell shows forcefully that patriarchal family structure, not capitalist development per se, was a decisive factor in determining women's work. Women could enjoy high labor status if they worked within a family production unit or if their labor did not interfere with their domestic responsibilities or threaten male control of a craft or trade.
Enhancing Undergraduate Students' Chemistry Understanding through Project-Based Learning in an IT Environment

Project-based learning (PBL), which is increasingly supported by infor- mation technologies (IT), contributes to fostering student-directed scientific inquiry of problems in a real-world setting. This study investigated the integration of PBL in an IT environment into three undergraduate chemistry courses, each including both experi- mental and control students. Students in the experimental group volunteered to carry out an individual IT-based project, whereas the control students solved only traditional problems. The project included constructing computerized molecular models, seeking information on scientific phenomena, and inquiring about chemistry theories. The effect of the PBL was examined both quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative analysis was based on a pretest, a posttest, and a final examination, which served for comparing the learning gains
The LAOM Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Measuring Anxiety in Children and Adolescents

The article introduces a new anxiety scale, called the LAOM (Lestvica anksioznosti za otroke in mladostnike [The anxiety scale for children and adolescents]) for measuring self-reported multidimensional anxiety. The scale has been developed with a special focus on the school setting, using one sample from an elementary school which is representative of fourth- and eighth-grade students in Slovenia (N = 10,427) and two secondary samples from secondary schools (N = 1,406; N = 3,253) which are representative of final-year secondary school students in Slovenia. The exploratory (PCA) and confirmatory analyses (CFA) were performed on separate samples for the elementary and the secondary school students. The CFA confirmed that the items on the scale formed three factors which were related to the higher order factor. The structure was stable over different age groups. The scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency and sensitivity. Validity tests are presented in their preliminary forms and will be elaborated upon in future research.
A comparative study on model selection and multiple model fusion

There exist quite a few criteria for penalty-based model selection. Although they have various justifications for large sample problems, their performance under small or moderate sample size is unclear which hinders the development of model combination methods using the appropriate penalty term. In this paper, we assess the performance of seven model selection criteria based on linear regression models with unknown noise variance. We set the true data generation mechanism to be within the model set as well as outside the model set. In the latter case, soft model selection through multiple model fusion is proposed and its difference from Bayesian model averaging is highlighted. The penalty term used in each model selection criterion provides a natural link to estimate the model probability without assuming any prior knowledge of the unknown parameter. An important question is whether the estimated model probabilities are consistent when multiple models are fused for prediction or interpolation. We argue that strong consistency only holds under large sample regime while soft model selection can still be better than choosing a single model with small sample size. Our numerical results using different model selection criteria for polynomial fitting indicate that the conditional model estimator (CME) has the best performance in selecting the correct model order and fusing multiple models for prediction and interpolation. The minimum description length (MDL) based criteria are next to CME and outperform Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) significantly.
Spectrum of a multi-species asymmetric simple exclusion process on a ring

The spectrum of the Hamiltonian (Markov matrix) of a multi-species asymmetric simple exclusion process on a ring is studied. The dynamical exponent concerning the relaxation time is found to coincide with the one-species case. It implies that the system belongs to the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang or Edwards–Wilkinson universality classes depending on whether the hopping rate is asymmetric or symmetric, respectively. Our derivation exploits a poset structure of the particle sectors, leading to a new spectral duality and inclusion relations. The Bethe ansatz integrability is also demonstrated.
Identification of Candidate Carrier Proteins for Surface Display on Lactococcus lactis by Theoretical and Experimental Analyses of the Surface Proteome

ABSTRACT Lactococcus lactis is a lactic acid bacterium of proven safety for use in human oral applications. For this purpose, surface display of recombinant proteins is important, and new approaches for it are being sought. Analysis of the bacterial surface proteome is essential in identifying new candidate carrier proteins for surface display. We have made two different predictions of surface-associated proteins of L. lactis MG1363 by using Augur and LocateP software, which yielded 666 and 648 proteins, respectively. Surface proteins of L. lactis NZ9000, a derivative of MG1363, were identified by using a proteomics approach. The surface proteins were cleaved from intact bacteria, and the resulting peptides were identified by mass spectrometry. The latter approach yielded 80 proteins, 34 of which were not predicted by either software. Of the 80 proteins, 7 were selected for further study. These were cloned in frame with a C-terminal hexahistidine tag and overexpressed in L. lactis NZ9000 using nisin-controlled expression. Proteins of correct molecular weight carrying a hexahistidine tag were detected. Their surface localization was confirmed with flow cytometry. Basic membrane protein A (BmpA) was exposed at the highest level. To test BmpA as a candidate carrier protein, the hexahistidine tag was replaced by the B domain of staphylococcal protein A in the genetic construct. The B domain was displayed on the surface with BmpA as a carrier. The advantage of covalent BmpA binding was demonstrated. BmpA was thus shown to be a suitable candidate for a carrier protein in lactococcal surface display.
The Relevance of Cultural Identity: Relying upon Foundations of Race and Gender as Laypeople Plan a Newscast

This study placed eighteen groups of African-, European-, and Latin-Americans (divided by race and gender) into the role of news producers; each peer group was charged with planning a hypothetical TV newscast from a list of realistic stories. The study investigates the relevance of cultural identity as these groups went about their task, and found clear differences in the extent to which cultural identity was articulated, the type of identity considered (race, gender, religion), whether the focus was on the ingroup or outgroup, and whether the references were affirmatively or negatively valenced. The study also compares the content different cultural groups included in the newscasts. Assuming that a context can function actively to “weave together” (rather than the more passive conceptualization of context as that which surrounds), this research concludes that discourses of separateness, of narrowly defined identity, and of inequality were common; the context enacted by participants revealed a strained, uneven social fabric.
Role of the PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

This review aimed to focus on the recent progress of the understanding of the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that PI3K plays an important role in PCOS whose pathogenesis is unclear. However, research continues into revealing the details of how PI3Ks are involved in developing PCOS. Previous studies have shown that activation of the PI3K-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway has important effects on insulin resistance and endometrial cancer. Knowledge of the action of PI3K in PCOS might provide valuable information to further validate the pathogenesis of PCOS and suggest new methods of treatment.
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Deficits in Verbal Long-term Memory and Learning in Children with Poor Phonological Short-term Memory Skills

(2008): Deficits in verbal long-term memory and learning in children with poor phonological short-term memory skills, distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
Role of CD4+, CD8+ and double negative T-cells in the protection of SCID/beige mice against respiratory challenge with Rhodococcus equi.

To evaluate the contributions of T-lymphocyte subsets in pulmonary immunity against Rhodococcus equi, C.B-17 SCID/beige mice were adoptively transferred with splenic lymphocytes from congenic BALB/c mice previously infected with R. equi. Spleen cells were enriched for either CD4+ or CD8+ populations before inoculation, Flow cytometry showed that each enriched population contained less than 0.5% cross contamination. Groups of adoptively transferred SCID/beige mice were sacrificed 6 and 13 d after intranasal infection with R. equi. Bacterial clearance was measured in the lungs, liver and spleen. Lesion development was assessed by gross and histopathological score and the fate of transferred cells assessed by flow cytometry and by immunohistochemistry. SCID/beige mice receiving either CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells were able to clear the infection better than control mice. On d 6 post-infection, bacterial numbers were significantly lower in the lungs of CD4+ transferred mice as compared to CD8+ mice. By d 13, both groups had cleared R. equi from all organs. CD4+ cells were however identified in the lung and spleen of CD8+ recipients at d 13 making conclusions about the role of CD8+ cells in R. equi clearance impossible. By contrast, no significant increases in CD8+ lymphocytes were observed in the organs of CD4+ recipients. All mice developed suppurative bronchopneumonia but lesions were most severe in the CD4+ group. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry confirmed that CD4+ and CD8+ cells had migrated to the lungs of adoptively transferred mice. Serum antibody against R, equi was not detected by ELISA in the recipients. SCID/beige mice receiving CD4-CD8- cells were unable to clear R. equi. The study supports the suggestion that CD4+ cells have a central role in R. equi clearance in mice.
Language proficiency, home-language status, and English vocabulary development: A longitudinal follow-up of the Word Generation program*

This longitudinal quasi-experimental study examines the effects of Word Generation, a middle-school vocabulary intervention, on the learning, maintenance, and consolidation of academic vocabulary for students from English-speaking homes, proficient English speakers from language-minority homes, and limited English-proficiency students. Using individual growth modeling, we found that students receiving Word Generation improved more on target word knowledge during the instructional period than students in comparison schools did, on average. We found an interaction between instruction and home-language status such that English-proficient students from language-minority homes improved more than English-proficient students from English-speaking homes. Limited English-proficiency students, however, did not realize gains equivalent to those of more proficient students from language-minority homes during the instructional period. We administered follow-up assessments in the fall after the instructional period ended and in the spring of the following year to determine how well students maintained and consolidated target academic words. Students in the intervention group maintained their relative improvements at both follow-up assessments.
Motivating Language in Industry

This article reports on a study of the use of motivating language (ML) by employees of the southeast regional division of a Fortune 500 company. The relationship between the supervisory use of ML, communication competence, communication satisfaction (CS), employees’ job satisfaction, and perceived supervisory effectiveness was explored. The study was based on a sample of 136 participating employees surveyed via an interactive Internet survey of a 400-person organization. Suggestions for further research are presented. The identification of the specific relationship between the use of language and communication competence, CS, job satisfaction, and leaders’ perceived effectiveness establishes a direct link between communication, leadership, and job satisfaction.
Social Support and Adaptation to Widowhood

This study examined the effects of social support on the psychological well-being of 245 women who had been widowed for less than three years. The survey results indicate that the role of such support is important but complex. Whether social support is helpful, harmful, or inconsequential to widows' psychological well-being seems to depend on such factors as where the widows are in the adjustment process, the type of support given, and its source. While a life crisis, such as death of one's spouse, is traumatic for almost everyone experiencing it, it remains unclear why some widowed people experience a more difficult adjustment process than do others. This study addresses the issue of differential adjustment to the death of a husband. The study of human reactions to bereavement is not new; however, much of the previous work in this area has been grounded in theoretical frameworks that emphasize the instinctual, biological facets of the individual's grief reactions and neglect the social context of the adjustment process (cf. Bowlby, 1961, 1980; Freud, 1917; Klein, 1940; Lindemann, 1944). Consequently, the potential importance of social relationships existing between the bereaved individual and significant others has tended to be overlooked in this area of inquiry. The present study was concerned with the discovery of the ways in which support from significant others tends to enhance or lessen the
Mapping alcohol: Health, policy and the geographies of problem drinking in Britain

While parallels can be drawn between contemporary problem drinking in Britain and apparently similar cases from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, little attention has been paid to the ways in which drink is represented as a spatial problem. Closer analysis reveals that the mapping of ‘clusters’ of alcohol outlets or trouble spots has waxed and waned over the last hundred and fifty years, and that the appearance, disappearance and re-emergence of the cluster in policy discussions owes a good deal to changing understandings of the nature of public drinking. Both temperance and contemporary epidemiological approaches favour the cluster because they assume that the supply of alcohol lies at the root of the problems seen to be associated with drink, and mapping clusters makes this supply visible. In contrast the disease theory of alcoholism favours individual rather than social causes, and has little use for maps of clusters; as a consequence the cluster seems to disappear from discussions in the middle years of the twentieth century. The paper concludes that the history of problem drinking demonstrates the need to pay closer attention to changing constructions of drink as problem and the need for a more sophisticated understanding of the history of medicine and public health. It also makes clear the need to look beyond the State and the market as spaces in which the risks of alcohol are calculated.
Investigating Offending Consistency of Geographic and Environmental Factors Among Serial Sex Offenders

Crime linkage analysis constitutes a tool to help investigators prioritize suspects, but a scarcity of research and methodological issues limits our knowledge on behavioral consistency in sexual offenses. The current study identifies geographic and environmental factors that are useful in examining offending consistency across series of sexual assaults using different specialization coefficients. The current study draws on criminal career research and methodology as a way to improve the study of behavioral consistency. The sample includes 72 serial stranger sex offenders who have committed a total of 361 sexual assaults. Three methods are used (i.e., diversity index, forward specialization coefficient, and Jaccard’s coefficient) and reveal a high degree of offending consistency. All three methods also highlight promising factors to rely on for crime linkage of serial sexual offenses. Empirical and methodological implications for behavioral consistency research are discussed as well as practical implications for police investigations and crime linkage.
Testing two path models to explore relationships between students’ experiences of the teaching–learning environment, approaches to learning and academic achievement

The study explores the relationships between students’ experiences of the teaching–learning environment and their approaches to learning, and the effects of these variables on academic achievement. Two three-stage models were tested with structural equation modelling techniques. The Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) and the Experiences of Teaching and Learning Questionnaire (ETLQ) were used to assess approaches to learning and student’s experiences of the teaching–learning environment, respectively. These two constructs were then used as either first- or second-stage variables within the path analysis. The model using approaches to learning as a mediating variable showed the best fit with our data; variations in our students’ experiences of the teaching–learning environment appear to give rise to their approaches to studying, which subsequently affect their achievement. The deep approach shows no detectable influence on academic achievement in this sample, neither there are any direct effects of experiences of the teaching–learning environment on it. The indirect effects of these experiences on achievement, acting through the strategic and the surface approaches, are related to two aspects of the teaching–learning environment only, namely congruence and coherence in course organisation, and integrative learning and critical thinking. The finding of a reciprocal relation between approaches to learning and experiences of the teaching–learning environment supports previous conclusions about the association between these constructs. The indirect effect of experiences of the teaching–learning environment on achievement, acting through approaches to learning, shows those approaches as a dynamic construct that varies in line with experiences of the teaching-learning environment, and so influences achievement.
Impact of Radar Data Assimilation on the Analysis and Prediction of the 8-9 May 2007 Oklahoma Tornadic Mesoscale Convective System, Part I: Mesoscale Features on a 2 km Grid

The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) prediction model is employed to perform high resolution numerical simulations of a mesoscale convective system and associated cyclonic line-end vortex (LEV) that spawned several tornadoes in central Oklahoma on 8-9 May 2007. The simulation uses a 1000 km x 1000 km domain with 2 km horizontal grid spacing. The ARPS three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) is used to assimilate a variety of different data types. All experiments assimilate routine surface and upper air observations as well as wind profiler and Oklahoma Mesonet data over a 1 h assimilation window. A subset of experiments assimilates radar data. Cloud and hydrometeor fields as well as in-cloud temperature are adjusted based on radar reflectivity data through the ARPS complex cloud analysis procedure. Radar data are assimilated from the WSR-88D network as well as from the Engineering Research Center for Collaborative and Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere's (CASA) network of four X-band Doppler radars. Three hour forecasts are launched at the end of the assimilation window. The structure and evolution of the MCS and LEV are markedly better forecast throughout the forecast period in experiments in which radar data are assimilated. The assimilation of CASA radar data in addition to WSR-88D data improves the analyzed location of the convective gust front through improved low-level wind analysis, leading to a slightly better forecast track of the LEV on the 2 km grid.