Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A normative view of the role of middle management in the implementation of strategic change

This paper investigates the through a review and analysis of three models of change initiatives. Middle managers have been viewed as 1) implementers of top defined strategic changes (e.g. O’Shannassy, 2003) change management (Floyd and Wooldr emergence of the strategic change of these three views of the strategic implementation role of middle management develops 1) insights into the middle management role factors needed to fulfill these roles; 3) requirements and needed results; management role in strategy change implementation.
Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Alone and Ursodeoxycholic Acid Plus Domperidone on Radiolucent Gallstones and Gallbladder Contractility in Humans

Background/Aims. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) alone and UDCA plus domperidone on dissolution of solitary or multiple gallstones. Methods. Fifty-three patients with cholesterol gallstones were randomized into three treatment groups: group I (n = 22) was given UDCA (15 mg/kg/day) alone and group II (n = 18) was treated with domperidone (30 mg/day) in addition to UDCA. The control group (n = 13) was followed without a medical treatment. Gallbladder volumes and ejection fractions were measured sonographically in all patients before and after treatment. Results. After 12 months of treatment, stone dissolution was found in 9 (40.9%) of the patients in group I and 7 (38.8%) of the patients in group II. The difference was statistically significant compared to controls in both treatment groups (P < 0.05) but the two groups did not show a difference between each other (P > 0.05). All the patients that achieved dissolution had multiple gallstones except for one patient with a solitary stone in group I. Neither monotherapy of UDCA nor the combination with domperidone affected the ejection fraction of gallbladder. Conclusions. Combination with domperidone did not potentiate the efficacy of UDCA. It has been observed that both UDCA alone and UDCA plus domperidone treatment did not affect ejection fraction of gallbladder.
The Politics of Setting an Advertising Budget

Studies of advertising and marketing fall in general into two categories: the prescriptive, concerned with applying sophisticated techniques to the optimization of expenditure levels; and the descriptive, which focuses on the rudimentary ‘rules of thumb’ which managers purport actually to use. The apparent gap between these two approaches has not been satisfactorily explained. Pursuing the hypothesis that at least part of the reason for this disparity lies in the organizational or corporate setting in which advertising and marketing decisions are made, this paper uses data from an exploratory survey of UK manufacturing firms to examine the process of marketing budgeting and the impact of organizational structure on that process. The conclusion reached is that a substantial proportion of the variation in budget sizes and trends can be ‘explained’ by variations in the relative power of the marketing department and the emergence of political behaviour to influence budgeting processes and outcomes.
A single-chip linear CMOS power amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN

A single-chip linear CMOS PA for OFDM WLAN applications adopts a fully differential topology with transformer-type output matching and operates from a 3.3V supply. All of the components, including the input balun and output transformer, are integrated on a single 0.18mum CMOS die and no off-chip component is required
Determinants of Strategic Executive Pay Disclosure: Evidence from Korea

We examine factors influencing firms’ strategic disclosure of executive pay in Korea. Because the disclosure rules in Korea do not mandate but only recommend that firms distinguish between inside executive directors and outside directors when reporting the average pay of directors, this regulatory policy provides a unique opportunity to examine managers’ incentives to manage the disclosed levels of average executive pay opportunistically. We find that strategic disclosure for cloaking executive pay prevails when firms have weak corporate governance and high political costs of making strategic disclosures but that such disclosure is not associated with proprietary costs. Furthermore, we examine whether or not firms choosing different types of strategic disclosures base the choice on the political costs of making the strategic disclosures. In our data setting, there are two major ways of strategically managing the disclosed average executive pay downward: (1) deliberate aggregation of inside executive director pay and outside director pay in the calculation of average executive pay and (2) inclusion of part-time inside directors who receive a minimal or substantially low level of pay (which, of the two schemes, is the less visible). Our results suggest that the higher the political costs of a firm’s strategic disclosures, the less visible the firm’s cloaking of executive pay will be.
Evaluating automatic syllabification algorithms for English

Automatic syllabification of words is challenging, not least because the syllable is difficult to define precisely. This task is important for word modelling in the composition process of concatenative synthesis as well as in automatic speech recognition. There are two broad approaches to perform automatic syllabification: rule-based and data-driven. The rule-based method effectively embodies some theoretical position regarding the syllable, whereas the data-driven paradigm infers ‘new’ syllabifications from examples assumed to be correctly-syllabified already. This paper compares the performance of the two basic approaches. However, it is difficult to determine a correct syllabification in all cases and so to establish the quality of the ‘gold standard’ corpus used either to quantitatively evaluate the output of an automatic algorithm or as the example-set on which data-driven methods crucially depend. Thus, three lexical databases of pre-syllabified words were used. Two of these lexicons hold the same 18,016 words with their corresponding syllabifications coming from independent sources, whereas the third corresponds to the 13,594 words that share the same syllabifications according to these two sources. As well as one rule-based approach (Fisher’s implementation of Kahn’s syllabification theory), three data-driven techniques are evaluated: a look-up procedure, an exemplar-based generalization technique, and syllabification by analogy (SbA). The results on the three databases show consistent and robust patterns: the datadriven techniques outperform the rule-based system in word and juncture accuracies by a very significant margin and best results are obtained with SbA.
Three models of the term structure of interest rates

In this dissertation, we consider the stochastic volatility of short rates, the jump property of short rates, and market expectation of changes in interest rates as the crucial factors in explaining the term structure of interest rates. In each chapter, we model the term structure of interest rates in accordance with these factors.
Robust Texture Image Representation by Scale Selective Local Binary Patterns

Local binary pattern (LBP) has successfully been used in computer vision and pattern recognition applications, such as texture recognition. It could effectively address grayscale and rotation variation. However, it failed to get desirable performance for texture classification with scale transformation. In this paper, a new method based on dominant LBP in scale space is proposed to address scale variation for texture classification. First, a scale space of a texture image is derived by a Gaussian filter. Then, a histogram of pre-learned dominant LBPs is built for each image in the scale space. Finally, for each pattern, the maximal frequency among different scales is considered as the scale invariant feature. Extensive experiments on five public texture databases (University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, Columbia Utrecht Database, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan-Textures under varying Illumination, Pose and Scale, University of Maryland, and Amsterdam Library of Textures) validate the efficiency of the proposed feature extraction scheme. Coupled with the nearest subspace classifier, the proposed method could yield competitive results, which are 99.36%, 99.51%, 99.39%, 99.46%, and 99.71% for UIUC, CUReT, KTH-TIPS, UMD, and ALOT, respectively. Meanwhile, the proposed method inherits simple and efficient merits of LBP, for example, it could extract scale-robust feature for a 200 × 200 image within 0.24 s, which is applicable for many real-time applications.
Characterization of a Temperature-Sensitive Vertebrate Clathrin Heavy Chain Mutant as a Tool to Study Clathrin-Dependent Events In Vivo

Clathrin and clathrin-dependent events are evolutionary conserved although it is believed that there are differences in the requirement for clathrin in yeast and higher vertebrates. Clathrin is a long-lived protein and thus, with clathrin knockdowns only long-term consequences of clathrin depletion can be studied. Here, we characterize the first vertebrate temperature-sensitive clathrin heavy chain mutant as a tool to investigate responses to rapid clathrin inactivation in higher eukaryotes. Although we created this mutant using a clathrin cryo-electron microscopy model and a yeast temperature-sensitive mutant as a guide, the resulting temperature-sensitive clathrin showed an altered phenotype compared to the corresponding yeast temperature-sensitive clathrin. First, it seemed to form stable triskelions at the non-permissive temperature although endocytosis was impaired under these conditions. Secondly, as a likely consequence of the stable triskelions at the non-permissive temperature, clathrin also localized correctly to its target membranes. Thirdly, we did not observe missorting of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase which could indicate that the temperature-sensitive clathrin is still operating at the non-permissive temperature at the Golgi or, that, like in yeast, more than one TGN trafficking pathway exists. Fourthly, in contrast to yeast, actin does not appear to actively compensate in general endocytosis. Thus, there seem to be differences between vertebrates and yeast which can be studied in further detail with this newly created tool.
Nutritional screening in a population-based cohort of community-dwelling older people.

BACKGROUND The risk of malnutrition is widely recognized in institutional settings but few studies have been conducted among community-dwelling older people. The objective of this study was to describe the nutritional status and factors associated with possible malnutrition among community-dwelling older people. METHODS A randomly selected sample (n = 696) of persons aged ≥ 75 years were included in the study. Baseline information was obtained for nutritional status (mini nutritional assessment short-form MNA-SF), depressive symptoms (15-item geriatric depression scale), cognitive status (mini-mental state examination MMSE) and daily activities (Barthel ADL index and Lawton and Brody IADL scale), self-reported health, oral health and medication use. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify demographical, clinical and functional factors associated with possible malnutrition. RESULTS Of the 696 participants, 15% had possible malnutrition. In the univariate analysis, low MNA-SF scores were associated with advanced age, poor self-rated health, dry mouth/chewing problems, depressive symptoms and an increasing number of drugs in regular use. Higher albumin level, ADL, IADL and MMSE scores, and the ability to walk 400 m independently were inversely associated with possible malnutrition. In the multivariate analysis, dry mouth/chewing problems (OR 2.01, 95% CI: 1.14-3.54), IADL (OR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.96) and MMSE scores (OR 0.90, 95% 0.85-0.96) were independently associated with possible malnutrition. CONCLUSION Being at risk of malnutrition was common among community-dwelling older people. Problems with mouth, IADL and cognitive impairments were linked to possible nutritional risks.
Temperature-mediated variation in early life history traits and recruitment success of the coral reef fish Thalassoma bifasciatum in the Florida Keys

Thirteen cohorts of the Caribbean reef fish Thalassoma bifasciatum were collected over 4 yr (2000 to 2003) in the upper Florida Keys, USA. Juvenile fish were censused and collected from replicate reefs shortly after settlement. The otoliths were examined to obtain early life history information such as timing of spawning, larval growth, pelagic larval duration, size-at-age, timing of set- tlement, and juvenile age and growth. Mean water tem- perature over the reef during the larval period explained 78% of the variation in larval growth among cohorts. Faster-growing warm-water fish had shorter pelagic lar- val durations (PLD), and larval growth explained 85% of the variation in PLD. Relative (otolith) size-at-settlement was a function of larval growth as well as PLD: settling larvae were largest at intermediate water temperatures. Early juvenile growth was also directly related to water temperature, which enabled smaller warm-water settlers to grow rapidly and eventually exceed juvenile size-at- age of the cooler-water cohorts. Cohorts encountering intermediate water temperatures remained the largest throughout early juvenile life on the reef. The relative size of recruitment events could not be explained by any larval or juvenile trait, nor by water temperature. Recruitment was generally low for cool-water cohorts but quite vari- able among warm-water cohorts. This may be due to in- creased difficulty in sustaining high growth rates in warm water (i.e. beyond a threshold temperature of 28.5°C) or the interference of mesoscale advection processes. When 4 cohorts that settled during the passage of mesoscale eddies were omitted from the analysis, 61% of the varia- tion in recruitment magnitude could be explained by water temperature alone. The dynamic oceanographic setting of the Florida Keys may obscure the relationship between seasonal water temperature, early life history traits, and magnitude of recruitment events.
Intellectual capital performance in the banking sector: An assessment of Australian owned banks

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the intellectual capital (IC) performance of Australian banks for the period 2005‐2007. It also aims to examine the relationship amongst various constituents of IC performance.Design/methodology/approach – The value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC™) approach developed by Pulic is used to determine the IC performance of the Australian banks. The required data to calculate different constituents of IC was obtained from the annual reports of Australian banks.Findings – The paper reveals that VAIC™ has a significant relation with human costs and the value addition made by the Australian banks. All Australian owned banks have relatively higher human capital efficiency than capital employed efficiency and structural capital efficiency. The size of the bank in terms of total assets, total number of employees and total shareholders equity has little or no impact on the IC performance of the Australian owned banks.Research limitations/implications – The paper .
The differential parameter method for multifrequency airborne resistivity mapping

Helicopter EM resistivity mapping began to be accepted as a means of geologic mapping in the late 1970s. The data were first displayed as plan maps and images. Some 10 years later, sectional resistivity displays became available using the same “pseudolayer” half‐space resistivity algorithm developed by Fraser and the new centroid depth algorithm developed by Sengpiel. Known as Sengpiel resistivity sections, these resistivity/depth images proved to be popular for the display of helicopter electromagnetic (EM) data in conductive environments.A limitation of the above resistivity and depth algorithms is that the resulting Sengpiel section may imply that the depth of exploration of the EM system is substantially less than is actually the case. For example, a target at depth may be expressed in the raw data, but its appearance on the Sengpiel section may be too shallow (which is a problem with the depth algorithm), or it may not even appear at all (which is a problem with the resistivity algorithm). An algorith.
Evaluating Linear XPath Expressions by Pattern-Matching Automata

We consider the problem of efficiently evaluating a large number of XPath expressions, especially in the case when they define subscriber profiles for filtering of XML documents. For each document in an XML document stream, the task is to determine those profiles that match the document. In this article we present a new general method for filtering with profiles expressed by linear XPath expressions with child operators (/), descendant operators (//), and wildcards (∗). This new filtering algorithm is based on a backtracking deterministic finite automaton derived from the classic Aho-Corasick pattern-matching automaton. This automaton has a size linear in the sum of the sizes of the XPath filters, and the worst-case time bound of the algorithm is much less than the time bound of the simulation of linear-size nondeterministic automata. Our new algorithm has a predecessor that can handle child and descendant operators but not wildcards, and has been shown to be extremely efficient when a document- type definition (DTD) has been used to prune out all the wildcards and most of the descendant operators. But in some cases, such as when the DTD is highly recursive, it may not be possible to prune out all wildcards without producing a too large set of filters. Then it is important to have the full generality of an evaluation algorithm, as presented in this article, that can also handle wildcards.
Online Supplement A

A.1. Background on long memory models. We discuss several long memory models together with the issues surrounding their estimation. As mentioned in the introduction, long-memory estimation is typically difficult both in theory and in practice, with fundamental research in stochastic analysis is ongoing. In discrete time series, the long-memory autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) models that are popular in financial econometrics (see Granger and Joyeux (1980) and Baillie, Bollerslev and Mikkelsen (1996) for variations of ARMA and ARCH), cannot be adapted to our Bayesian context. These models are complex and are not explicitly specified in terms of distributions , and they often rely on long data series or high-frequency in-fill data. It can be argued that the only models for which the discrete-time parametric memory-length estimation is straightforward and reliable in finite samples are those that come from continuous-time underlying models and exhibit self-similarity (identical distribution at all time scales), such as fGn. Pioneering work in this direction was performed in Coeurjolly (2001), and further details and developments were provided in Chronopoulou et al. (2009). Slightly more complex models than fGn are already not self-similar and thus difficult to estimate. The simplest non-self-similar continuous-time process is the so-called fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (fOU) process. The estimation of its drift parameter in continuous time is well-known (Kleptsyna and Le Breton, 2002), and can be implemented with discrete data for increasing horizon asymp-totics (Tudor and Viens, 2007). However, the question of estimating its long-memory parameter remains somewhat elusive. When in-fill asymptotics can be attained in the data this can be accomplished via path regularity in continuous time (see Istas and Lang (1997) and its application in Brouste and Iacus (2012)). Neither this, nor the use of self-similarity-based increasing-horizon asymptotics in Tudor and Viens (2007) are applicable in our paleo-climatology situation, because our observation frequency is not high enough and our calibration period is too short. A.1. 1. Properties of fBm and fGn. Information on fractional Brown-ian motion (fBm) and its increment sequence, fractional Gaussian noise (fGn), can be found in standard references; Biagini et al. (2010) provides an excellent mathematical treatment. The following is a short summary of properties relevant to our study. Fractional Brownian motion (fBm), B H = B H t : t ≥ 0 with Hurst parameter H ∈ (0, 1), is a continuous cen
The Application and Outcome of Standard of Care Treatment in Elderly Women with Ovarian Cancer: A Literature Review over the Last 10 Years

The rising number and increasing longevity of the elderly population calls for improvements and potentially a more personalized approach to the treatment of cancer in this group. Elderly patients frequently present with a number of comorbidities, complicating surgery and chemotherapy tolerability. In the case of ovarian cancer, elderly women present with more advanced disease, making the issue of providing adequate treatment without significant morbidity critical. Most studies support the application of standard of care treatment to elderly women with ovarian cancer, yet it seems to be offered less frequently in the elderly. The objective of this review is to examine the application and outcome of standard of care treatment in elderly women with ovarian cancer. The aim is to ultimately improve the approach to treatment in this group.
Effect of cyclic loading and retightening on reverse torque value in external and internal implants

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cyclic loading and screw retightening on reverse torque value (RTV) in external and internal type implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cement-retained abutments were connected with 30 Ncm torque to external and internal type implants. Experimental groups were classified according to implant connection type and retightening/loading protocol. In groups with no retightening, RTV was evaluated after cyclic loading for 100,000 cycles. In groups with retightening, RTV was measured after 3, 10, 100 cycles as well as every 20,000 cycles until 100,000 cycles of loading. RESULTS Every group showed decreased RTV after cyclic loading. Before and after cyclic loading, external type implants had significantly higher RTVs than internal type implants. In external type implants, retightening did not affect the decrease in RTV. In contrast, retightening 5 times and retightening after 10 cycles of dynamic loading was effective for maintaining RTV in internal type implants. CONCLUSION Retightening of screws is more effective in internal type implants than external type implants. Retightening of screws is recommended in the early stage of functional loading.