Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who helping helps: An event-sampling study of how basic psychological needs moderate the impact of acting prosocially

Abstract Growing work suggests that prosociality – actions such as kindness and generosity – boosts the well-being of altruists, yet this effect is not universally true for all individuals. Thus, a major question moving forward is who reaps the largest benefits of acting prosocially. Here, we propose that trait differences in satisfaction of needs (i.e. autonomy, competence, and relatedness) act as key moderators of the effect of prosociality on well-being. We tested two competing hypotheses – deprivation vs. sensitization models – in a 14-day event-sampling study of 383 community participants. We found that people with lower trait autonomy experienced a greater well-being boost after acting prosocially than their higher counterparts. Moreover, this relationship was further mediated by state autonomy. Our findings highlight the special role autonomy, but not competence or relatedness, plays in explaining individual differences in who benefits from acting prosocially – and the mechanism behind this process.
The Pediatric Alliance for Coordinated Care: evaluation of a medical home model.

OBJECTIVES The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a medical home for children with special health care needs (CSHCN). In the Pediatric Alliance for Coordinated Care (PACC), 6 pediatric practices introduced interventions to operationalize the medical home for CSHCN. The intervention consisted of a designated pediatric nurse practitioner acting as case manager, a local parent consultant for each practice, the development of an individualized health plan for each patient, and continuing medical education for health care professionals. The objectives of this study were 1) to characterize CSHCN in the PACC, 2) to assess parental satisfaction with the PACC intervention, 3) to assess the impact on hospitalizations and emergency department episodes, and 4) to assess the impact on parental workdays lost and children's school days lost for CSHCN before and during the PACC intervention. METHODS A total of 150 CSHCN in 6 pediatric practices in the Boston, Massachusetts, area were studied. Participants were recruited by their pediatricians on the basis of medical/developmental complexity. Physicians completed enrollment information about each child's diagnosis and severity of condition. Families completed surveys at baseline and follow-up (at 2 years), assessing their experience with health care for their children. RESULTS A total of 60% of the children had >5 conditions, 41% were dependent on medical technology, and 47% were rated by their physician as having a "severe" condition. A total of 117 (78%) families provided data after the intervention. The PACC made care delivery easier, including having the same nurse to talk to (68%), getting letters of medical necessity (67%), getting resources (60%), getting telephone calls returned (61%), getting early medical care when the child is sick (61%), communicating with the child's doctor (61%), getting referrals to specialists (61%), getting prescriptions filled (56%), getting appointments (61%), setting goals for the child (52%), understanding the child's medical condition (56%), and relationship with the child's doctor (58%). Families of children who were rated "severe" were most likely to find these aspects of care "much easier" with the help of the pediatric nurse practitioner. Satisfaction with primary care delivery was high at baseline and remained high throughout the study. There was a statistically significant decrease in parents missing >20 days of work (26% at baseline; 14.1% after PACC) and in hospitalizations (58% at baseline; 43.2% after PACC). The approximate cost per child per year of the intervention was 400 dollars. CONCLUSIONS The PACC medical home intervention increases parent satisfaction with pediatric primary care. Those whose needs are most severe seem to benefit most from the intervention. There are some indications of improved health as well as decreased burden of disease with the intervention in place. The PACC model allows a practice to meet many of the goals of serving as a medical home with a relatively small financial investment.
Nuclear Waste, Risks andSustainable Development

1. The Challenge of Sustainable Development Since the early 1970s, the view on how human society should interact with the environment has undergone fundamental changes. The initial focus on strict environmental and health concerns, such as aspects of air, water or land pollution, has gradually been incorporated in the much wider notion of sustainable development. Even though central elements of the concept goes back quite some time, it entered the international agenda with the definition of the 1987 World Commission on Environment and Development, to meet ‘the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ [1].
Family and cultural protective factors as the bedrock of resilience and growth for Indigenous women who have experienced violence

ABSTRACT Despite Indigenous women in the United States experiencing elevated rates of intimate partner violence (IPV), little is known about family resilience and relevant protective factors, particularly those related to family and culture. Using a framework of historical oppression, resilience, and transcendence, the purpose of this research was to uncover family and cultural-level protective factors for Indigenous women who have experienced IPV. Thematic analysis of 49 ethnographic interviews with Indigenous women who experienced IPV and with professionals who work with them indicated the following emergent protective factors: (1) family support through IPV, (2) family affirming nonviolent values, (3) tight-knit extended family unity and connectedness, (4) elders’ instilling Indigenous principles through storytelling, and (5) enculturation fostering nonviolence and ethnic pride. Depending on the family’s response to IPV, families can be protective or risk factors for Indigenous women’s wellness and recovery from IPV.
Deep and wide digging for binding motifs in ChIP-Seq data

SUMMARY ChIP-Seq data are a new challenge for motif discovery. Such a data typically consists of thousands of DNA segments with base-specific coverage values. We present a new version of our DNA motif discovery software ChIPMunk adapted for ChIP-Seq data. ChIPMunk is an iterative algorithm that combines greedy optimization with bootstrapping and uses coverage profiles as motif positional preferences. ChIPMunk does not require truncation of long DNA segments and it is practical for processing up to tens of thousands of data sequences. Comparison with traditional (MEME) or ChIP-Seq-oriented (HMS) motif discovery tools shows that ChIPMunk identifies the correct motifs with the same or better quality but works dramatically faster. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION ChIPMunk is freely available within the ru_genetika Java package: http://line.imb. ac.ru/ChIPMunk. Web-based version is also available. CONTACT ivan.kulakovskiy@gmail.com SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
High Prevalence and High Incidence of Coinfection with Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Syphilis and Low Rate of Effective Vaccination against Hepatitis B in HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men with Known Date of HIV Seroconversion in Germany

Objectives Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at higher risk for coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis than the general population. HIV infection and these coinfections accelerate disease progression reciprocally. This study evaluated the prevalence and incidence of these coinfections in HIV1-positive MSM in Germany. Materials and Methods As part of a nationwide, multicenter, prospective cohort study of HIV-infected MSM, plasma samples collected yearly were screened for HBsAg and antibodies to HBc, HBs, HCV, and syphilis. Samples with indications of active HBV or HCV infection were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Prevalence and incidence of each infection and incidence rates per study participant were calculated, and incidences over 4-year time intervals compared. Results This study screened 5,445 samples from 1,843 MSM. Median age at HIV seroconversion was 33 years. Prevalences of active, cleared, and occult HBV, and of active/cleared HCV were 1.7%, 27.1%, 0.2%, and 8.2%, respectively, and 47.5% had been effectively vaccinated against HBV. Prevalence of antibodies to Treponema pallidum and of triple or quadruple sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were 39.6% and 18.9%, respectively. Prevalence of STI, cleared HBV, HBV vaccination, and history of syphilis differed significantly among age groups. Incidences of HBV, HCV, and syphilis were 2.51, 1.54, and 4.06 per 100 person-years, respectively. Incidences of HCV and syphilis increased over time. HCV incidence was significantly higher in MSM coinfected with syphilis and living in Berlin, and syphilis incidence was significantly higher for MSM living in Berlin. Discussion Despite extensive HBV vaccination campaigns, fewer than 50% of screened MSM were effectively vaccinated, with a high proportion of HIV-positive MSM coinfected with HBV. High rates of STI coinfections in HIV-positive MSM and increasing incidences emphasize the need for better tailored campaigns for HBV vaccination and STI prevention.
Recombination, balancing selection and phylogenies in MHC and self-incompatibility genes.

Using a coalescent model of multiallelic balancing selection with recombination, the genealogical process as a function of recombinational distance from a site under selection is investigated. We find that the shape of the phylogenetic tree is independent of the distance to the site under selection. Only the timescale changes from the value predicted by Takahata's allelic genealogy at the site under selection, converging with increasing recombination to the timescale of the neutral coalescent. However, if nucleotide sequences are simulated over a recombining region containing a site under balancing selection, a phylogenetic tree constructed while ignoring such recombination is strongly affected. This is true even for small rates of recombination. Published studies of multiallelic balancing selection, i.e., the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of vertebrates, gametophytic and sporophytic self-incompatibility of plants, and incompatibility of fungi, all observe allelic genealogies with unexpected shapes. We conclude that small absolute levels of recombination are compatible with these observed distortions of the shape of the allelic genealogy, suggesting a possible cause of these observations. Furthermore, we illustrate that the variance in the coalescent with recombination process makes it difficult to locate sites under selection and to estimate the selection coefficient from levels of variability.
Energetic costs of detoxification systems in herbivores feeding on chemically defended host plants: a correlational study in the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae

SUMMARY Herbivorous insects have developed mechanisms to cope with plant barriers, including enzymatic systems to detoxify plant allelochemicals. Detoxification systems may be induced when insects are feeding on plants with increasing levels of allelochemicals. Increases in enzymatic activity have been related to energetic costs, and therefore less energy may be allocated to fitness-related traits. In this study, we explored the induction and energetic costs of detoxifying hydroxamic acids (Hx; a wheat allelochemical) in the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae. Aphids were reared on three wheat cultivars with different levels of Hx (0.26±0.08, 2.09±0.6 and 5.91±1.18 mmol kg–1 fresh mass). We performed a nested ANOVA to test the effect of Hx (main factor) and intrahost variation (nested factor) on body mass, standard metabolic rate (SMR) and the enzymatic activity of cytochrome P450s monooxygenases (P450s), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and esterases (ESTs). We found non-significant effects of Hx levels (P>0.5 for all tests), but there was significant intrahost variation (P<0.05 for all tests). In addition, we found a negative correlation between SMR and ESTs (P=0.003) and no correlation between SMR and GSTs or P450s (P=n.s after a Bonferroni correction). Multiple regression between SMR (dependent variable) and enzymatic activities (predictor variables) was significant (P=0.007), but detoxification enzymes only explained about 5% of the variation of SMR. Finally, we found a non-significant path coefficient between `metabolism' and `detoxifying capacity' (P>0.05). These results suggest that increased enzymatic activities do not entail increased metabolic rate. Therefore, low energetic costs in aphids would facilitate the use of different hosts and promote a wider ecological niche.
Adaptive image coding based on the discrete wavelet transform

In this paper we present an adaptive discrete wavelet transform image coding scheme. The main contribution of the work is in developing a simple classification procedure which is used to classify the subband blocks into a finite number of classes. The classified subband blocks are subsequently encoded. The low frequency band is encoded by means of a 2-D DCT using entropy-coded trellis coded quantization (ECTCQ); other bands are directly encoded using ECTCQ. The peak signal-to-noise ratio results of the proposed adaptive system are 0.4-1.0 dB superior to those of its non-adaptive counterpart. <<ETX>>
Flexible Metric Nearest Neighbor Classification

The K-nearest-neighbor decision rule assigns an object of unknown class to the plurality class among the K labeled \training" objects that are closest to it. Closeness is usually de ̄ned in terms of a metric distance on the Euclidean space with the input measurement variables as axes. The metric chosen to de ̄ne this distance can strongly e®ect performance. An optimal choice depends on the problem at hand as characterized by the respective class distributions on the input measurement space, and within a given problem, on the location of the unknown object in that space. In this paper new types of K-nearest-neighbor procedures are described that estimate the local relevance of each input variable, or their linear combinations, for each individual point to be classi ̄ed. This information is then used to separately customize the metric used to de ̄ne distance from that object in ̄nding its nearest neighbors. These procedures are a hybrid between regular K-nearest-neighbor methods and tree-structured recursive partitioning techniques popular in statistics and machine learning.
Antitumor Activity of an Oncolytic Adenoviral-CD40 Ligand (CD154) Transgene Construct in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Purpose: CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154) plays a central role in immunoregulation and also directly modulates epithelial cell growth and differentiation. We previously showed that the CD40 receptor is commonly expressed in primary breast cancer tissues. In this proof-of-principle study, we examined the breast cancer growth–regulatory activities of an oncolytic adenoviral construct carrying the CD40L transgene (AdEHCD40L). Experimental Design:In vitro and in vivo evaluations were carried out on AdEHCD40L to validate selective viral replication and CD40L transgene activity in hypoxia inducing factor-1α and estrogen receptor–expressing human breast cancer cells. Results: AdEHCD40L inhibited the in vitro growth of CD40+ human breast cancer lines (T-47D, MDA-MB-231, and BT-20) by up to 80% at a low multiplicity of infection of 1. Incorporation of the CD40L transgene reduced the effective dose needed to achieve 50% growth inhibition (ED50) by ∼10-fold. In contrast, viral and transgene expression of AdEHCD40L, as well its cytotoxicity, was markedly attenuated in nonmalignant cells. Intratumoral injections with AdEHCD40L reduced preexisting MDA-MB-231 xenograft growth in severe combined immunodeficient mice by >99% and was significantly more effective (P < 0.003) than parental virus AdEH (69%) or the recombinant CD40L protein (49%). This enhanced antitumor activity correlated with cell cycle blockade and increased apoptosis in AdEHCD40L-infected tumor cells. Conclusions: These novel findings, together with the previously known immune-activating features of CD40L, support the potential applicability of AdEHCD40L for experimental treatment of human breast cancer.
Attribute-Based Publishing with Hidden Credentials and Hidden Policies

With Hidden Credentials Alice can send policyencrypted data to Bob in such a way that he can decrypt the data only with the right combination of credentials. Alice gains no knowledge of Bob’s credentials in the process, and hence the name “Hidden Credentials. ” Research on Hidden Credential systems has focused on messages sent to single recipients, where the sender needs to know the recipient’s pseudonym beforehand, and on Hidden Policies, where Bob learns as little information as possible about Alice’s policy for decrypting the message. Current schemes provide weak policy privacy — with non-interactive schemes, the recipient can learn parts of the policy, and with interactive schemes based on secure multiparty computation, a user can try different sets of credentials as input to gain knowledge of the policy after repeated decryption attempts. Furthermore, existing schemes do not support policies with negations efficiently. For example, a policy stating “Bob is not a student” is hard to enforce since Bob can simply withhold, or not use, his student credential. We propose a system called PEAPOD (PrivacyEnhanced Attribute-based Publishing Of Data) that provides the following properties: (1) Users can securely publish data protected by attribute-based policies to multiple possible recipients without requiring interaction between senders and receivers. This is achieved by using a semitrusted server. (2) The plaintext message and the policy are completely hidden from the server. (3) Any recipient, intended or not, learns no other information about a message’s policy beyond the number of clauses in policy that were satisfied. Furthermore the recipient is forced to use all of his or her issued credentials for decryption, and therefore cannot mount inference attacks by trying to decrypt the ∗This research was supported in part by the NSF, under grant CNS0524695, and the Bureau of Justice Assistance, under grant 2005-DD-BX1091. The views and conclusions do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. message with different subsets of credentials. (4) Lastly, since recipients are forced to use all their credentials for decryption, PEAPOD efficiently supports non-monotonic boolean policies by allowing senders to include negations
Detection of Bipolar Flow toward the Unusual SiO Maser Source IRAS 19312+1950

We report results of an interferometric observation toward an SiO maser source, IRAS 19312+1950, in the HCO+ J = 1-0 line with the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association millimeter array. In the spatially integrated spectrum of HCO+, two kinematic components were seen: a strong line with a narrow width (~2 km s-1, narrow component) and a weak symmetric line with a broad width (~60 km s-1, broad component). The line profile of HCO+ is reminiscent of that of CO. In the integrated intensity map, we found a pronounced bipolar shape consisting of the lower velocity part of the broad component. The higher velocity part of the broad component originated in a relatively small region (≲3''). The spatial structure of the narrow component clearly correlates with near-infrared structure. The position-velocity diagrams indicate the presence of a bipolar outflow with an expansion velocity of about 10 km s-1. On the basis of the present results, we suggest that the nature of the bipolar flow seen in IRAS 19312+1950 is explained by the hydrodynamical interaction between an asymptotic giant branch wind and ambient material with axial symmetric structure.
Supergravity and large N noncommutative field theories

We consider systems of Dp-branes in the presence of a nonzero B field. We study the corresponding supergravity solutions in the limit where the branes worldvolume theories decouple from gravity. These provide dual descriptions of large N noncommutative field theories. We analyse the phase structure of the theories and the validity of the different description. We provide evidence that in the presence of a nonzero B field the worldvolume theory of D6 branes may decouple from gravity. We analyse the systems of M5 branes and NS5 branes in the presence of a nonzero C field and nonzero RR fields, respectively. Finally, we study the Wilson loops (surfaces) using the dual descriptions.
Legal knowledge acquisition using case-based reasoning and model inference

Although Case-Based Reasoning comes out in order to solve knowledge acquisition bottleneck, a case structure acquisition bottleneck has emerged, superseding it. Because we cannot decide an appropriate case structure in advance, a framework for CBR should be able to improve a case structure dynamically, collecting and analyzing cases. Here is discussed a new framework for knowledge acquisition using CBR and model inference. Model Inference tries to obtain new descriptors(predicates) with interaction of a domain expert, regarding the predicate as the slots that compose a case structure, with an eye to the function of theoretical term generation. The framework has two features: (1) CBR obtains a more suitable group of slots (a case structure) incrementally through cooperation with model inference, and (2) model inference with theoretical term capability discovers the rules which deal with a given task better. Furthermore, we evaluate the feasibility of the framework by implementing it to deal with law interpretation and certify two features with the framework.
Multiscale Logarithm Difference Edgemaps for Face Recognition Against Varying Lighting Conditions

Lambertian model is a classical illumination model consisting of a surface albedo component and a light intensity component. Some previous researches assume that the light intensity component mainly lies in the large-scale features. They adopt holistic image decompositions to separate it out, but it is difficult to decide the separating point between large-scale and small-scale features. In this paper, we propose to take a logarithm transform, which can change the multiplication of surface albedo and light intensity into an additive model. Then, a difference (substraction) between two pixels in a neighborhood can eliminate most of the light intensity component. By dividing a neighborhood into subregions, edgemaps of multiple scales can be obtained. Then, each edgemap is multiplied by a weight that can be determined by an independent training scheme. Finally, all the weighted edgemaps are combined to form a robust holistic feature map. Extensive experiments on four benchmark data sets in controlled and uncontrolled lighting conditions show that the proposed method has promising results, especially in uncontrolled lighting conditions, even mixed with other complicated variations.