Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strong Solutions to the Compressible Navier-Stokes-Vlasov-Fokker-Planck Equations: Global Existence Near the Equilibrium and Large Time Behavior

A kinetic-fluid model describing the evolutions of disperse two-phase flows is considered. The model consists of the Vlasov--Fokker--Planck equation for the particles (disperse phase) coupled with the compressible Navier--Stokes equations for the fluid (fluid phase) through the friction force. The friction force depends on the density, which is different from many previous studies on kinetic-fluid models and is more physical in modeling but significantly more difficult in analysis. New approaches and techniques are introduced to deal with the strong coupling of the fluid and the particles. The global well-posedness of a strong solution in the three-dimensional whole space is established when the initial data is a small perturbation of some given equilibrium. Moreover, the algebraic rate of convergence of a solution toward the equilibrium state is obtained. For the periodic domain the same global well-posedness result still holds while the convergence rate is exponential.
Nonantagonistic interactions between the sexes revealed by the ecological consequences of reproductive traits

In addition to the obvious role reproductive traits play in mating‐system evolution, reproductive characters can also have critical ecological or life history consequences. In this study we examine the ecological consequences of mating for female cactophilic Drosophila to test different hypotheses about the processes driving divergence in reproductive characters. Comparisons between intra‐ and interpopulation matings suggest that population differences in mating benefits, namely increased desiccation resistance in mated females, is not solely attributable to either a male or female‐specific reproductive trait. Instead, the results indicate that increased desiccation resistance is a product of a male–female postmating–prezygotic interactions. The results underscore that postmating–prezygotic interactions can serve as an arena for the evolution of male characters that confer substantial benefits to females, not just costs arising from sexual conflict. Variation in the relative benefits conferred by mating between intra‐ and interpopulation matings also suggests that the relationship between speciation and divergence in reproductive characters via male–female interaction will be difficult to predict.
Changing trends in adolescent alcohol use among Czech school-aged children from 1994 to 2014

Background For an efficient planning of public health policy, the regular monitoring over health-related behaviors among vulnerable population groups is necessary. The aim of this study is to examine the temporal trends in alcohol use among the Czech adolescent population. Design and methods Data from the Health Behaviour in Schoolaged Children (HBSC) project conducted in Czechia from 1994 to 2014 were used. Adolescent alcohol use was assessed via two indicators: i) weekly alcohol use (beer, wine, and/or spirit), ii) repeated lifetime drunkenness (having been drunk on two or more occasions in life). Trends in alcohol use were modelled separately for boys and girls. Binary logistic regression was conducted with survey period as an independent predictor of the alcohol indicator. Results There were significant changes in adolescent alcohol use since 1994. Between 1994 and 2010, there was a gradual upward in the prevalence. However, in the recent period of 2014, an unprecedented drop in alcohol use was recorded. Conclusions Despite the significant drop in the prevalence of alcohol use among the Czech youth in recent years, alcohol drinking in adolescence remains an important challenge for the national health policy. Further research will show whether these changes in adolescent health-related behavior are of a temporary or a permanent nature. Significance for public health Substance use during the period of adolescence is one of the most significant priorities of the public health agenda. The study provides with a unique 20-year time series of data on adolescent alcohol use since the establishment of the Czech Republic in the early 1990s. Detailed analysis stratified by genders and specific age-groups of adolescents is conducted. The analysis confirmed significant changes in adolescent alcohol use. After a long period of continuous increase, which was present particularly among girls, a sharp drop across genders and all age-groups was recorded. The drop is in contrast with a steady and continuous decline recorded in most of the countries of Western Europe and North America. The specific factors and institutional settings present in Czechia are discussed.
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE DYNAMICS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS

~~~-~~~ ~~- r #I~- ~~11 ~- ~~. ). l. ~ )=. - )=. a.u~ - r _,. w1 ~ - ~~4)1 ~ - ~? ~"" ABSTRACT In this work the authors develop a mathematical model for the dynamics of a major helminth parasite of man, schistosomiasis. The model is a system of coupled non-linear equations. Numerical experimentations with the model reveal the remarkable stability of the dynamics of schistosomiasis. The steady state is invariably reached within 10-15 years of the start of the infection. A numerical solution of the model supports the often-stated and often-debated observation that "the usual shape of the curve of the intensity of infection by age is produced through variability of water-contact behaviour among age groups and a slowly-acquired immunity to re-infection. " It also indicates that convexity of the age-intensity profile can be due to variability of water-contact activities among age groups alone. The model can be used to answer questions of the ''what if' variety about the dynamics of schistosomiasis especially as they relate to proposed schemes for the control of the disease.
Suppression of histone deacetylases worsens right ventricular dysfunction after pulmonary artery banding in rats.

RATIONALE Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) reduce pressure-overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction, but their effects on right ventricular (RV) adaptation to pressure overload are unknown. OBJECTIVES Determine the effect of the broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and valproic acid (VPA) on RV function and remodeling after pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in rats. METHODS Chronic progressive RV pressure-overload was induced in rats by PAB. After establishment of adaptive RV hypertrophy 4 weeks after surgery, rats were treated for 2 weeks with vehicle, TSA, or VPA. RV function and remodeling were determined using echocardiography, invasive hemodynamic measurements, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analyses after 2 weeks of HDAC inhibition. The effects of TSA were determined on the expression of proangiogenic and prohypertrophic genes in human myocardial fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS TSA treatment did not prevent the development of RV hypertrophy and was associated with RV dysfunction, capillary rarefaction, fibrosis, and increased rates of myocardial cell death. Similar results were obtained with the structurally unrelated HDAC inhibitor VPA. With TSA treatment, a reduction was found in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1, which proteins are involved in vascular adaptation to pressure-overload. TSA dose-dependently suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and angiopoietin-1 expression in cultured myocardial endothelial cells, which effects were mimicked by selective gene silencing of several class I and II HDACs. CONCLUSIONS HDAC inhibition is associated with dysfunction and worsened remodeling of the pressure-overloaded RV. The detrimental effects of HDAC inhibition on the pressure-overloaded RV may come about via antiangiogenic or proapoptotic effects.
Insulin‐like growth factor I and risk of breast cancer by age and hormone receptor status—A prospective study within the EPIC cohort

Experimental evidence shows cross‐talk in mammary cells between estrogen, insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) and their respective receptors and possible synergistic effects of estrogen receptor (ER) activation and increased IGF‐I signaling with regard to breast tumor development, and epidemiological evidence suggests that circulating IGF‐I levels may be related more to the risk of ER‐positive than ER‐negative breast cancer. Using a case–control study nested within the prospective European EPIC cohort (938 breast cancer cases and 1,394 matched control subjects), we analyzed the relationships of prediagnostic serum IGF‐I levels with the risk of estrogen and progesterone receptor‐positive and ‐negative breast tumors. IGF‐I levels were positively associated with the risk of ER+ breast tumors overall (pre‐ and postmenopausal women combined, odds ratio (OR)Q4‐Q1 = 1.41 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.98] for the highest vs. lowest quartile; OR = 1.17 [95% CI 1.04–1.33] per 1‐standard deviation (SD) increase in IGF‐I, ptrend = 0.01) and among women who were diagnosed with breast cancer at 50 years or older (ORQ3‐Q1 = 1.38 [95% CI 1.01–1.89]; OR = 1.19 [95% CI 1.04–1.36] per 1‐SD increase in IGF‐I, ptrend = 0.01) but not with receptor‐positive disease diagnosed at an earlier age. No statistically significant associations were observed for ER− breast tumors overall and by age at diagnosis. Tests for heterogeneity by receptor status of the tumor were not statistically significant, except for women diagnosed with breast cancer at 50 years or older (phet = 0.03 for ER+/PR+ vs. ER−/PR− disease). Our data add to a global body of evidence indicating that higher circulating IGF‐I levels may increase risk specifically of receptor‐positive, but not receptor‐negative, breast cancer diagnosed at 50 years or older.
Visually Guided Avoidance in the Chameleon (Chamaeleo chameleon): Response Patterns and Lateralization

The common chameleon, Chamaeleo chameleon, is an arboreal lizard with highly independent, large-amplitude eye movements. In response to a moving threat, a chameleon on a perch responds with distinct avoidance movements that are expressed in its continuous positioning on the side of the perch distal to the threat. We analyzed body-exposure patterns during threat avoidance for evidence of lateralization, that is, asymmetry at the functional/behavioral levels. Chameleons were exposed to a threat approaching horizontally from the left or right, as they held onto a vertical pole that was either wider or narrower than the width of their head, providing, respectively, monocular or binocular viewing of the threat. We found two equal-sized sub-groups, each displaying lateralization of motor responses to a given direction of stimulus approach. Such an anti-symmetrical distribution of lateralization in a population may be indicative of situations in which organisms are regularly exposed to crucial stimuli from all spatial directions. This is because a bimodal distribution of responses to threat in a natural population will reduce the spatial advantage of predators.
The Relationship between Self Directed Learning and Information Literacy among Adult Learners in Higher Education

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-directed learning and information literacy. Participants completed the Personal Orientation in Self-Directed Learning Scale ([PRO-SDLS], Stockdale, 2003) and the Information Literacy Test ([ILT], James Madison University, 2003). The PRO-SDLS is a self-report scale consisting of 25 statements about self-directed learning preferences in college classrooms. The ILT is a 60-item multiple-choice test that assesses the information literacy skills of college students. Correlation, ANOVA, and multiple regressions were used to test relationships and differences between self-directed learning and information literacy. Despite claims that teaching information literacy creates self-directed learners, composite scores on the PRO-SDLS and the ILT indicated no statistically significant relationship exists. Likewise, no statistically significant differences were found between the bachelors, masters, or doctoral level participant scores. While composite scores on the PRO-SDLS did not predict scores on the ILT, there was a negative, statistically significant relationship between the Initiative factor on the PRO-SDLS and ACRL (2000) Information Literacy Competency Standard 5 – Ethics & Understanding sub-scale of the ILT. Implications for practice and suggestions for further research are proposed along with discussions and conclusions.
A Distinct Epidemiologic Pattern of Precancerous Lesions of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a High-risk Area of Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, China

Better understanding of esophageal precancerous lesions (EPL) can inform prevention strategies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here, a cross-sectional epidemiologic study based on the Early Diagnosis and Early Treatment Project of Esophageal Cancer database from 2011 to 2017 was performed to fully investigate and characterize the epidemiology of EPL in rural Huai'an District. Data of 11,518 participants ages 35–75 years were collected through face-to-face interviews by questionnaire. Participants underwent a routine endoscopy examination, tissues were biopsied, and diagnosed according to the histologic criteria of dysplasia. Unconditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to obtain crude and adjusted odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals, respectively. A total of 667 subjects were diagnosed with EPL. Factors associated with an increased risk of EPL included: drinking shallow well water and surface water, irregular diet, excessive smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, consumption of corn, corn flour, pickled food, fried food, and hot food, and having a history of digestive system diseases. In addition, liquor use, but not other alcohol types, contributed to risk of EPL. Consumption of deep well water and vegetables, fruits, and animal livers were associated with lower EPL risk. This study suggested a completely distinct pattern that alcohol use plays only a minor role in EPL and excessive tobacco use shows a significant association in rural Huai'an District, while eating habits and environmental exposure may be the dominant factors. This work may be promising to provide scientific evidence to support primary prevention of ESCC in this region.
THE RISK OF RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION FOLLOWING ANGIOGRAPHY

In a retrospective study of 173 immediately functioning primary kidney transplants, correlation between angiography and renal allograft rejection was studied during the first 14 days. It was found that rejection was more frequent in kidneys undergoing angiography than in those not undergoing angiography. It was also found that in kidneys undergoing angiography an overwhelming number of the rejections started the day after angiography. These differences in rejection frequency could not be explained by differences in HLA matching or the origin of the kidneys. These findings suggest a possible connection indicating that the angiography might elicit an acute rejection episode. A possible mechanism for starting this reaction might be activation of the complement system which was found in 50% of the patients undergoing angiography in peripheral blood and in 100% when studied in vitro.
Problems of Writing in Kiswahili: A Case Study of Kigurunyembe and Morogoro Secondary Schools in Tanzania

This study attempts to identify and discuss writing problems in Kiswahili in Tanzanian secondary schools. The study uses data from two schools specifically selected as case studies. The study submits that pedagogically, unlike speaking which is acquired without explicit instructions, writing as a skill has to be taught. Failure to appreciate this difference leads to communicative writing problems. The present study reveals six glaring writing problems, namely: capitalization and punctuation problems, inexplicitness or fuzziness, poor organization or illogical sequence, spelling problems and grammatical errors. The study argues that most of these writing problems arise from pedagogical reasons. To a greater extent, these problems are not limited only to the two schools involved in the study, but apply also to other schools and higher learning institutions as well. Thus, the study advocates that writing problems can be minimized if the students are taught writing as a skill by professional Kiswahili language teachers.
Functional Expression of the Angiotensin II Type1 Receptor in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells and Its Blockade Therapy Resulting in Suppression of Tumor Invasion, Angiogenesis, and Peritoneal Dissemination

Purpose: Angiotensin II is a bioactive peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, acting not only as a vasoconstrictor but also as a growth promoter via angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R). The present study examined AT1R expression in human ovarian carcinoma and attempted to determine whether AT1R blocker could suppress the tumor progression. Experimental Design: Expression of AT1R, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and CD34 was immunohistochemically analyzed in ovarian tumor tissues (n = 99). Effects of AT1R blocker on invasive potential and VEGF secretion in ovarian cancer cells were examined in vitro. Effects of AT1R blocker in vivo were evaluated in a mouse model of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Results: AT1R was expressed in 57 of 67 (85%) invasive ovarian adenocarcinomas and 12 of 18 (66%) borderline malignant tumors but in only 2 of 14 (14%) benign cystadenomas. In invasive carcinomas, VEGF expression intensity and intratumor microvessel density were significantly higher in cases that were strongly positive for AT1R (n = 37) compared with those in cases weakly positive (n = 20) or negative (n = 10) for AT1R. Angiotensin II significantly enhanced the invasive potential and VEGF secretion in AT1R-positive SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells, both of which were completely inhibited by the AT1R blocker candesartan. Administration of candesartan into SKOV-3-transplanted athymic mice resulted in the reduction of peritoneal dissemination, decreased ascitic VEGF concentration, and suppression of tumor angiogenesis. Conclusions: AT1R is functionally expressed in ovarian carcinoma and involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis. AT1R blockade therapy may become a novel and promising strategy for ovarian cancer treatment.
Crackle: The Persistent Homology of Noise

We study the homology of simplicial complexes built via deterministic rules from a random set of vertices. In particular, we show that, depending on the randomness that generates the vertices, the homology of these complexes can either become trivial as the number $n$ of vertices grows, or can contain more and more complex structures. The different behaviours are consequences of different underlying distributions for the generation of vertices, and we consider three illustrative examples, when the vertices are sampled from Gaussian, exponential, and power-law distributions in $\R^d$. We also discuss consequences of our results for manifold learning with noisy data, describing the topological phenomena that arise in this scenario as `crackle', in analogy to audio crackle in temporal signal analysis.
Tackling the imposter phenomenon to advance women in neurology

Recent literature documents that women comprise an increasing proportion of the neurology workforce but still lag behind male counterparts in publications and promotion. There are many reasons for gender disparities in neurology including family responsibilities, different career goals, lack of mentorship, cultural stereotypes, lack of institutional funding, biases, and professional isolation. Another contributing factor receiving relatively little recognition is the imposter phenomenon. This review highlights recent literature on gender differences in neurology, the definition of the imposter phenomenon, and research on the imposter phenomenon in academic medicine. Approaches for managing the imposter phenomenon are described including personal, mentoring, and institutional strategies. Further research is needed to understand the frequency of the imposter phenomenon at different levels of seniority and optimal strategies for prevention and management.
Comparison of laparoscopic and mini incision open donor nephrectomy: single blind, randomised controlled clinical trial

Abstract Objectives To determine the best approach for live donor nephrectomy to minimise discomfort to the donor and to provide good graft function. Design Single blind, randomised controlled trial. Setting Two university medical centres, the Netherlands. Participants 100 living kidney donors. Interventions Participants were randomly assigned to either laparoscopic donor nephrectomy or to mini incision muscle splitting open donor nephrectomy. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was physical fatigue using the multidimensional fatigue inventory 20 (MFI-20). Secondary outcomes were physical function using the SF-36, hospital stay after surgery, pain, operating times, recipient graft function, and graft survival. Results Conversions did not occur. Compared with mini incision open donor nephrectomy, laparoscopic donor nephrectomy resulted in longer skin to skin time (median 221 v 164 minutes, P < 0.001), longer warm ischaemia time (6 v 3 minutes, P < 0.001), less blood loss (100 v 240 ml, P < 0.001), and a similar number of complications (intraoperatively 12% v 6%, P = 0.49, postoperatively both 6%). After laparoscopic nephrectomy, donors required less morphine (16 v 25 mg, P = 0.005) and shorter hospital stay (3 v 4 days, P = 0.003). During one year's follow-up mean physical fatigue was less (difference - 1.3, 95% confidence interval - 2.4 to - 0.1) and physical function was better (difference 6.2, 2.0 to 10.3) after laparoscopic nephrectomy. Function of the graft and graft survival rate of the recipient at one year censored for death did not differ (100% after laparoscopic nephrectomy and 98% after open nephrectomy). Conclusions Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy results in a better quality of life compared with mini incision open donor nephrectomy but equal safety and graft function.
Answers in the Toolbox

This study tells a story built from the high school and college transcript records, test scores, and surveys of a national cohort from the time they were in the 10th grade in 1980 until roughly age 30 in 1993. The story gives them 11 years to enter higher education, attend a 4-year college, and complete a bachelor’s degree. In these respects—based in transcripts and using a long-term bachelor’s degree attainment marker—this story is, surprisingly, new.
Metrical stress in speech production: A time course study

This study investigated the encoding of metrical information during speech production in Dutch. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to judge whether bisyllabic picture names had initial or final stress. Results showed significantly faster decision times for initially stressed targets (e.g., LEpel 'spoon') than for targets with final stress (e.g., liBEL 'dragon fly'; capital letters indicate stressed syllables) and revealed that the monitoring latencies are not a function of the picture naming or object recognition latencies to the same pictures. Experiments 2 and 3 replicated the outcome of the first experiment with bi- and trisyllabic picture names. These results demonstrate that metrical information of words is encoded rightward incrementally during phonological encoding in speech production. The results of these experiments are in line with Levelt's model of phonological encoding.