Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
J ul 2 00 4 On the Synchronization of Networks with Prescribed Degree Distributions

We show that the degree distributions of graphs do not suffice to characterize the synchronization of systems evolving on them. We prove that, for any given degree sequence satisfying certain conditions, a connected graph having that degree sequence exists for which the first nontrivial eigenvalue of the graph Laplacian is arbitrarily close to zero. Consequently, dynamical systems defined on such graphs have poor synchronization properties. The result holds under quite mild assumptions, and shows that there exists classes of random, scale-free, regular, small-world, and other common network architectures which impede synchronization. The proof is based on a construction that also serves as an algorithm for building non-synchronizing networks having a prescribed degree distribution.
Being engaged: The multiple interactions between job demands and job resources and its impact on nurses engagement

This study has been inspired by Â the job-demands resource model. It evaluates the role that job resources play in moderating the impact that job demands have on work engagement in a community of nurses. A total of 481 nurses in 109 health care centers participated in this study. Three job demands: work overload, emotional demands, and home-work imbalance; and three specific job resources: social support, autonomy, and self-development opportunities were used to test the interaction hypotheses of this research. Results show that 33 out of 36 of the possible interaction effects were significant, thus showing that job resources create a buffer between job demands and work engagement and its three dimensions in nurses. By and large, Â Â hypotheses were confirmed. Research and practical implications are discussed. Â
Information about Support Services for Families of Young Children with Hearing Loss: A Review of Some Useful Outcomes and Challenges

Abstract This paper is concerned with reviewing some useful effects of information about support services provided to families of young children with hearing loss and the challenges of providing this information to families. Evidence indicates that 95 per cent of young children with hearing loss have hearing parents. With no previous experience of hearing loss, these families are faced with numerous challenges in raising these children. They require timely and unbiased information that could enable them to respond appropriately to their emotional reactions to the diagnosis of hearing loss, participate actively in early intervention and educational programmes for their children, and collaborate effectively with professionals. Evidence indicates that families of young children with hearing loss may not receive such information. The implication of this as well as some strategies that could be explored to ensure that these families receive timely information about the developmental needs of their children are considered. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clarifying the Effect of Intellectual Capital on Performance: The Mediating Role of Dynamic Capability

Recent studies suggest a potential relationship between intellectual capital and dynamic capability in achieving performance. This is unsettling for managers because these studies contain little effort to develop a framework for understanding the relationship. To examine this unnerving potential, we develop and test a theoretical model that explains how dynamic capability mediates the impact of intellectual capital on performance. In this study, the scope of intellectual capital includes human capital, relational capital and structural capital. This study examines the pooled data of 242 high-technology firms from 2001 to 2008. Results from Bayesian regression analysis suggest that the effect of structural capital on performance is completely mediated by dynamic capability. Furthermore, the findings show that dynamic capability does not completely mediate the respective effects of human capital and relational capital on performance, but does so only partially. These results provide convincing support for the importance of dynamic capability through accumulating R&D and marketing capability over time, thereby enhancing firm performance. The empirical findings and the ensuing discussion will be of interest to managers and practitioners.
Does Citizenship Education Make Young People Better-Engaged Citizens?

Citizenship education has been a compulsory feature of the curriculum in secondary schools in England since 2002. However, its future may be uncertain amid inter-party disputes over the utility of such teaching. Moreover, there are substantial concerns over the breadth, aims and reach of the Citizenship curriculum. There is a lack of clarity over whether good citizenship can be taught and dispute over whether it can or should go beyond bolstering civil engagement (volunteering) and improving civic (political) activity. This article assesses the motivations for the introduction of Citizenship and the extent to which it has become a politicised panacea to a range of emerging policy challenges. Then, using survey data gathered for the Youth Citizenship Commission, established under the previous government to encourage community and democratic participation by young people, the article tests whether citizenship education is making a difference to the engagement of young people in the civil and political spheres. It assesses which categories of young people have been most influenced by – and which remain impervious to – citizenship education.
Software Measurement in Software Engineering Education: A Delphi Study to Develop a List of Teaching Topics and Related Levels of Learning

Software engineering education is aimed at preparing professionals to achieve software quality, manage risk, and deliver projects on time and on budget. This paper reports on the findings of a Delphi study as part of a series of research studies designed to identify the software measurement topics that should be taught in software engineering programs. It also outlines the levels of learning and skills that are expected to be reached by undergraduate students.
Publics and Counterpublics

Most of the people around us belong to our world not directly, as kin or comrades, but as strangers. How do we recognize them as members of our world? We are related to them as transient participants in common publics. Indeed, most of us would find it nearly impossible to imagine a social world without publics. In the eight essays in this book, Michael Warner addresses the question: What is a public? According to Warner, the idea of a public is one of the central fictions of modern life. Publics have powerful implications for how our social world takes shape, and much of modern life involves struggles over the nature of publics and their interrelations. The idea of a public contains ambiguities, even contradictions. As it is extended to new contexts, politics, and media, its meaning changes in ways that can be difficult to uncover.Combining historical analysis, theoretical reflection, and extensive case studies, Warner shows how the idea of a public can reframe our understanding of contemporary literary works and politics and of our social world in general. In particular, he applies the idea of a public to the junction of two intellectual traditions: public-sphere theory and queer theory.
Best Practices for Performing Experimental Surgery in Swine

ABSTRACT The authors have extensive experience in surgery, anesthesia, and perioperative care in both miniature and domestic swine in the research setting. This manuscript describes the techniques that have been developed over the last four decades while developing porcine surgical models and their use in translational research. Swine are conditioned and socialized during a seven-day period prior to entering into a survival surgical protocol. Housing is designed to be nonstressful and accommodate the needs of the species. Induction of anesthesia is generally performed in the animal's pen. Injectable agents are administered sc in the neck using a butterfly catheter technique. The anesthetic protocol is designed to consider the physiologic effects of the agents and their potential effects on the research being performed. Complete aseptic technique is performed and includes final application of adhesive iodine impregnated drapes over the surgical site. Preemptive analgesia is performed using parenteral analgesics, local anesthetics, and/or epidural analgesics. Animals are monitored intensively intraoperatively and during the postoperative period with frequent recordings of physiologic parameters. Observation during the postoperative period is continuous until the animal fully recovers the righting reflex. Observations of the animals in the postoperative period are performed at least daily until surgical incisions are healed. In protocols which create defects or impede physiologic function daily monitoring may have to be performed in conjunction with specific therapies or tests throughout the duration of the protocol.
Surviving and Transcending a Traumatic Childhood

ABSTRACT After studying more than 2,500 pages of written testimony from 90 individuals describing how they believe they have survived and transcended a traumatic childhood, the researchers conclude that human beings are capable of healing from horrendous emotional wounds. However, the journey to health is a long and difficult one, and the early negative experiences appear to be woven into the individual's very soul, perhaps for as long as the person is alive. As children and
Relationship Constellations and Dynamics of Low-Income Rural Mothers

To address the policy debate surrounding the use of funds from TemporaryAssistance to Needy Families for marriage-promotion activities, this article profiles thenature of low-income rural mothers’ relationships with their partners and thenonresidential fathers of their children. It presents the results of interviews with 35lowincome mothers from two rural Maryland counties. Although the analyses revealedthat the presence of a male partner was not related to a mother’s economic oremotional well-being, other sources of social support buffered mothers against theireconomic challenges. The authors conclude that social workers should integrateinformal family support into their service delivery plans and that policy makers need toconsider alternatives to fostering economic self-sufficiency among rural low-incomepopulations.
Classrooms for Children with Developmental Disabilities: Sound‐field and public address amplification systems compared

Background noise poses adverse effects on speech sounds and affects student learning, especially for children with developmental disabilities. Sound‐field and public address amplification systems can help to solve this problem by amplifying speech sounds relative to background noise. This study surveyed school classrooms for children with special needs, and compared the performance of a sound‐field and a portable public address system in classroom environments. Unoccupied room noise levels and reverberation times were measured in eight classrooms at four Hong Kong schools for children with special needs. Speech levels in each classroom were measured under three conditions: without amplification, with public address system amplification, and with sound‐field amplification. Speech‐to‐noise ratios were calculated for each condition. Noise and unamplified speech‐to‐noise ratio values exceeded recommended acoustic standards in all classrooms. When sound‐field and public address amplification systems were installed, speech‐to‐noise ratios improved considerably. When either amplification system was used, a uniform sound‐field resulted. The applicability of both types of amplification system and their relative merits in special education classrooms are discussed.
A New Hat For The c=1 Matrix Model

We consider two dimensional supergravity coupled to $\hat c=1$ matter. This system can also be interpreted as noncritical type 0 string theory in a two dimensional target space. After reviewing and extending the traditional descriptions of this class of theories, we provide a matrix model description. The 0B theory is similar to the realization of two dimensional bosonic string theory via matrix quantum mechanics in an inverted harmonic oscillator potential; the difference is that we expand around a non-perturbatively stable vacuum, where the matrix eigenvalues are equally distributed on both sides of the potential. The 0A theory is described by a quiver matrix model.
Extremely Low Bit Neural Network: Squeeze the Last Bit Out with ADMM

Although deep learning models are highly effective for various learning tasks, their high computational costs prohibit the deployment to scenarios where either memory or computational resources are limited. In this paper, we focus on compressing and accelerating deep models with network weights represented by very small numbers of bits, referred to as extremely low bit neural network. We model this problem as a discretely constrained optimization problem. Borrowing the idea from Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), we decouple the continuous parameters from the discrete constraints of network, and cast the original hard problem into several subproblems. We propose to solve these subproblems using extragradient and iterative quantization algorithms that lead to considerably faster convergency compared to conventional optimization methods. Extensive experiments on image recognition and object detection verify that the proposed algorithm is more effective than state-of-the-art approaches when coming to extremely low bit neural network.
Lifetime and 5 years risk of breast cancer and attributable risk factor according to Gail model in Iranian women

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women worldwide and in Iran. It is expected to account for 29% of all new cancers in women at 2015. This study aimed to assess the 5 years and lifetime risk of breast cancer according to Gail model, and to evaluate the effect of other additional risk factors on the Gail risk. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study conducted on 296 women aged more than 34-year-old in Qom, Center of Iran. Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool calculated the Gail risk for each subject. Data were analyzed by paired t-test, independent t-test, and analysis of variance in bivariate approach to evaluate the effect of each factor on Gail risk. Multiple linear regression models with stepwise method were used to predict the effect of each variable on the Gail risk. Results: The mean age of the participants was 47.8 ± 8.8-year-old and 47% have Fars ethnicity. The 5 years and lifetime risk was 0.37 ± 0.18 and 4.48 ± 0.925%, respectively. It was lower than the average risk in same race and age women (P < 0.001). Being single, positive family history of breast cancer, positive history of biopsy, and radiotherapy as well as using nonhormonal contraceptives were related to higher lifetime risk (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant direct correlation observed between lifetime risk and body mass index, age of first live birth, and menarche age. While an inversely correlation observed between lifetimes risk of breast cancer and total month of breast feeding duration and age. Conclusion: Based on our results, the 5 years and lifetime risk of breast cancer according to Gail model was lower than the same race and age. Moreover, by comparison with national epidemiologic indicators about morbidity and mortality of breast cancer, it seems that the Gail model overestimate the risk of breast cancer in Iranian women.
Th1-Biased Immunomodulation and Therapeutic Potential of Artemisia annua in Murine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Background In the absence of vaccines and limitations of currently available chemotherapy, development of safe and efficacious drugs is urgently needed for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) that is fatal, if left untreated. Earlier we reported in vitro apoptotic antileishmanial activity of n-hexane fractions of Artemisia annua leaves (AAL) and seeds (AAS) against Leishmania donovani. In the present study, we investigated the immunostimulatory and therapeutic efficacy of AAL and AAS. Methodology/Principal Findings Ten-weeks post infection, BALB/c mice were orally administered AAL and AAS for ten consecutive days. Significant reduction in hepatic (86.67% and 89.12%) and splenic (95.45% and 95.84%) parasite burden with decrease in spleen weight was observed. AAL and AAS treated mice induced the strongest DTH response, as well as three-fold decrease in IgG1 and two-fold increase in IgG2a levels, as compared to infected controls. Cytometric bead array further affirmed the elicitation of Th1 immune response as indicated by increased levels of IFN-γ, and low levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in serum as well as in culture supernatant of lymphocytes from treated mice. Lymphoproliferative response, IFN-γ producing CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and nitrite levels were significantly enhanced upon antigen recall in vitro. The co-expression of CD80 and CD86 on macrophages was significantly augmented. CD8+ T cells exhibited CD62Llow and CD44hi phenotype, signifying induction of immunological memory in AAL and AAS treated groups. Serum enzyme markers were in the normal range indicating inertness against nephro- and hepato-toxicity. Conclusions/Significance Our results establish the two-prong antileishmanial efficacy of AAL and AAS for cure against L. donovani that is dependent on both the direct leishmanicidal action as well as switching-on of Th1-biased protective cell-mediated immunity with generation of memory. AAL and AAS could represent adjunct therapies for the treatment of leishmaniasis, either alone or in combination with other antileishmanial agents.
Haplotype-specific suppression of cytotoxic T cell induction by antigen inappropriately presented on T cells

To detect a strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to minor histocompatibility (H) antigens in a 5-d mixed lymphocyte culture, it is necessary to use a responder that has been primed in vivo with antigen-bearing cells. It has previously been shown that minor-H- specific CTL can be primed in vivo both directly by foreign spleen cells and by presentation of foreign minor H antigens on host antigen- presenting cells. This latter route is evident in the phenomenon of cross-priming, in which H-2 heterozygous (A x B)F1 mice injected 2 wk previously with minor H-different H-2A (A') spleen cells generate both H-2A- and H-2B-restricted minor-H-specific CTL. In a study of the kinetics of direct- vs. cross-priming to minors in F1 mice, we have found that minor H-different T cells actually suppress the induction of virgin CTL capable of recognizing them. CTL activity measured from F1 mice 3-6 d after injection with viable A' spleen cells is largely H-2B restricted. The H-2A-restricted response recovers such that roughly equal A- and B-restricted activity is detected in mice as early as 8-10 d postinjection. This temporary hyporeactivity does not result from generalized immunosuppression--it is specific for those CTL that recognize the foreign minor H antigen in the context of the H-2 antigens on the injected spleen cells. The injected spleen cells that mediate this suppression are radiosensitive T cells; Lyt-2+ T cells are highly efficient at suppressing the induction of CTL in vivo. No graft vs. host reaction by the injected T cells appears to be required, as suppression of direct primed CTL can be mediated by spleen cells that are wholly tolerant of both host H-2 and minor H antigens. Suppression cannot be demonstrated by in vitro mixing experiments. Several possible mechanisms for haplotype-specific suppression are discussed, including inactivation of responding CTL by veto cells and in vivo sequestration of responding CTL by the injected spleen cells.
The Impact of Differentiation on the Critical Thinking of Gifted Readers and the Evolving Perspective of the Fifth Grade Classroom Teacher.

With the inception of No Child Left Behind, educators are required to ensure proficiency for all students in reading and math, but provide no incentive for developing the talents of gifted students (Gentry, 2006b). Implementing differentiation into the classroom can assist educators in providing appropriate instruction for all students and maximizing the potential of gifted learners. Differentiation modifies curriculum and instruction to meet the diverse needs of students in the classroom (Tomlinson, 1999, 2001, 2003). The purpose of this study was to document how differentiation influenced the gifted readers’ ability to think more critically and the fifth grade teacher’s perceptions of differentiation as it was implemented into the reading curriculum for all readers in her classroom. This qualitative research study was conducted in a fifth grade classroom in a rural mid-western community from October 24, 2008 to February 4, 2009. Data collection included response journals of the gifted readers, audio recordings of literature circle discussions, observations/field notes, digital voice recording of interviews with the gifted readers and the classroom teacher, teacher reflective journal, and weekly meetings. Data analysis revealed three levels of critical thinking within ten categories as outlined in the Written Response Hierarchy of Journal Critical Thinking. Advanced Level Critical Thinking included the categories of Synthesis, Character Affinity, Character Scrutiny, and Evaluative Inquiry. Intermediate Level Critical Thinking was evidenced by the categories of Inference, Image Construction, Author’s Writing Technique, and Prediction. Basic Level Critical Thinking was represented by responses in the Ambiguity and Engagement categories. The Oral Response Hierarchy of Literature Circle Critical Thinking revealed four critical thinking levels of oral response. Analytical and Probe represented Advanced Level Critical Thinking, Conjecture demonstrated Intermediate Level Critical Thinking, and Engagement provided evidence of Basic Level Critical Thinking. Advanced Level Critical Thinking was evidenced in both written and oral responses across the three stages of the study. Data analysis further revealed the teacher’s perceptions of differentiated instruction. Benefits included increase in students’ motivation, active involvement and leadership, exceeding expectations, quality of literature circle discussions, confidence in implementing differentiation with continuous support of a mentor, flexibility, and empowerment to solve problems. THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENTIATION ON THE CRITICAL THINKING OF GIFTED READERS AND THE EVOLVING PERSPECTIVE OF THE FIFTH GRADE CLASSROOM TEACHER
Learning Multi-Scale Deep Features for High-Resolution Satellite Image Classification

In this paper, we propose a multi-scale deep feature learning method for high-resolution satellite image classification. Specifically, we firstly warp the original satellite image into multiple different scales. The images in each scale are employed to train a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). However, simultaneously training multiple DCNNs is time-consuming. To address this issue, we explore DCNN with spatial pyramid pooling (SPP-net). Since different SPP-nets have the same number of parameters, which share the identical initial values, and only fine-tuning the parameters in fully-connected layers ensures the effectiveness of each network, thereby greatly accelerating the training process. Then, the multi-scale satellite images are fed into their corresponding SPP-nets respectively to extract multi-scale deep features. Finally, a multiple kernel learning method is developed to automatically learn the optimal combination of such features. Experiments on two difficult datasets show that the proposed method achieves favorable performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods.