Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does the Sun Shrink with Increasing Magnetic Activity?

We have analyzed the full set of Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) f- and p-mode oscillation frequencies from 1996 to date in a search for evidence of solar radius evolution during the rising phase of the current activity cycle. Just as Antia et al. in 2000, we find that a significant fraction of the f-mode frequency changes scale with frequency and that if these are interpreted in terms of a radius change, it implies a shrinking Sun. Our inferred rate of shrinkage is about 1.5 km yr-1, which is somewhat smaller than found by Antia et al. We argue that this rate does not refer to the surface but, rather, to a layer extending roughly from 4 to 8 Mm beneath the visible surface. The rate of shrinking may be accounted for by an increasing radial component of the rms random magnetic field at a rate that depends on its radial distribution. If it were uniform, the required field would be ~7 kG. However, if it were inwardly increasing, then a 1 kG field at 8 Mm would suffice. To assess contribution to the solar radius change arising above 4 Mm, we analyzed the p-mode data. The evolution of the p-mode frequencies may be explained by a magnetic field growing with activity. Our finding here is very similar to that of Goldreich et al. (1991). If the change were isotropic, then a 0.2 kG increase, from activity minimum to maximum, is required at the photosphere, which would grow to about 1 kG at 1 Mm. If only the radial component of the field were to increase, then the requirement for the photospheric field increase is reduced to a modest 60-90 G. A relative decrease in temperature of the order of 10-3 in the subphotospheric layers, or an equivalent decrease in the turbulent energy, would have a similar effect to the required inward growth of magnetic field change. The implications of the near-surface magnetic field changes depend on the anisotropy of the random magnetic field. If the field change is predominantly radial, then we infer an additional shrinking at a rate between 1.1 and 1.3 km yr-1 at the photosphere. If, on the other hand, the increase is isotropic, we find a competing expansion at a rate of 2.3 km yr-1. In any case, variations in the Sun's radius in the activity cycle are at the level of 10-5 or less and, hence, have a negligible contribution to the irradiance variations.
Viral Particles Drive Rapid Differentiation of Memory B Cells into Secondary Plasma Cells Producing Increased Levels of Antibodies

Extensive studies have been undertaken to describe naive B cells differentiating into memory B cells at a cellular and molecular level. However, relatively little is known about the fate of memory B cells upon Ag re-encounter. We have previously established a system based on virus-like particles (VLPs), which allows tracking of VLP-specific B cells by flow cytometry as well as histology. Using allotype markers, it is possible to adoptively transfer memory B cells into a naive mouse and track responses of naive and memory B cells in the same mouse under physiological conditions. We have observed that VLP-specific memory B cells quickly differentiated into plasma cells that drove the early onset of a strong humoral IgG response. However, neither IgM+ nor IgG+ memory B cells proliferated extensively or entered germinal centers. Remarkably, plasma cells derived from memory B cells preferentially homed to the bone marrow earlier and secreted increased levels of Abs when compared with primary plasma cells derived from naive B cells. Hence, memory B cells have the unique phenotype to differentiate into highly effective secondary plasma cells.
Teaching simulation using case studies

We have developed and implemented a case-based approach for introducing discrete event simulation to undergraduate and graduate manufacturing engineering students. Students learn only the simulation methods necessary to support the case studies. Case studies are derived from topics of interest to practising manufacturing engineers. Cases are organized into four modules: basic systems organizations, systems operating strategies, material handling, and supply chain management. Course instruction is based on active learning. Tutorials and laboratories assist students in comprehending the simulation methods. Courses are taught in a computer-aided teaching studio, so that the mix of passive and active learning can be adjusted as appropriate to each class meeting. An industry-based project serves as the course capstone.
Multihierarchical Graph Search

The use of hierarchical graph searching for finding paths in graphs is well known in the literature, providing better results than plain graph searching, with respect to computational costs, in many cases. This paper offers a step forward by including multiple hierarchies in a graph-based model. Such a multi-hierarchical model has the following advantages: First, a multiple hierarchy permits us to choose the best hierarchy to solve each search problem; second, when several search problems have to be solved, a multiple hierarchy provides the possibility of solving some of them simultaneously; and third, solutions to the search problems can be expressed in any of the hierarchies of the multiple hierarchy, which allows us to represent the information in the most suitable way for each specific purpose. In general, multiple hierarchies have proven to be a more adaptable model than single-hierarchy or non-hierarchical models. This paper formalizes the multi-hierarchical model, describes the techniques that have been designed for taking advantage of multiple hierarchies in a hierarchical path search, and presents some experiments and results on the performance of these techniques.
Changes in Prooxidant and Antioxidant Enzymes and Reduction of Chilling Injury Symptoms during Low-temperature Storage of 'Fuyu' Persimmon Treated with 1-Methylcyclopropene

Fuyu' perisimmon fruit were treated with 500 nLL -1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 24 h at 20 8C and then stored at 4 8C for 45 days to investigate the effects of 1-MCP on chilling injury (CI) during storage at 4 8C. Persimmon fruit developed CI, manifested as rapid softening and external and internal browning. Injury symptoms were reduced by 1-MCP treatment. 1-MCP also delayed increases in respiration and eth- ylene production. Compared with control fruit, 1-MCP-treated fruit exhibited increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities within the initial storage period and lower membrane permeability, malondialdehyde content, and peroxidase and polyphenol oxi- dase activities throughout the entire storage period. These results suggest that reduction of CI symptoms in persimmon fruit in response to 1-MCP treatment may be attributed to altered oxidative status.
The Impact of Immersive Virtual Reality on Educators’ Awareness of the Cognitive Experiences of Pupils with Dyslexia

Background In recent years, due to deliberate educational policy in various places around the world, children with dyslexia study in regular classes with non-dyslexic classmates. They do not appear handicapped, because their disabilities do not stem from physical deformities, and therefore, it is not easy to identify them in a group where the majority of the children are non-dyslexic. As a result, these children continually brave the hardships inherent to a human environment, while being largely unaware of their situation. Purpose The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of VR technology in enhancing the teacher's knowledge and awareness of dyslexia, a phenomenon that is very difficult to explain. Not only it is a very difficult phenomenon to communicate, but also the research community still needs to suggest and accept a unified typology of the disorder. Population and Setting Eighty teachers of various subjects participated in this study. They were selected randomly from a variety of schools in the Tel Aviv metropolitan area. Each of the teachers in the experimental group (N = 40) experienced a virtual reality simulation that simulated 10 virtual worlds corresponding to the 10 types of dyslexia we found in the literature. The experience took 20 minutes to complete and was conducted in a VR laboratory in a clinical setting. The teachers, in the control group (N = 40) each separately watched a 20-minute film on the subject of dyslexia and reading disorders. All the subjects filled out questionnaires before and after the intervention. Research Design The teachers were divided into an experimental and a control group. In the experimental group, the teachers were exposed to ten 3D virtual worlds that simulated 10 cognitive experiences of dyslexic students. The teachers in the control group viewed a film that elaborated on similar experiences. All the subjects filled out questionnaires before and after the intervention. The questionnaires tested the teachers’ level of cognitive awareness of the dyslexic students’ experiences when encountering the written word. In addition, the subjects in the experimental group were interviewed before and after the intervention. Conclusions The research results clearly suggested that experiencing a variety of simulated types of dyslexia via virtual reality can bring about a greater improvement in teacher awareness of the dyslexic pupil's cognitive experiences than is achieved by viewing a film about dyslexia.
A Frequency Agile Phase-Conjugating Active Antenna for Full-Duplex Retrodirective Arrays

In this paper, a frequency agile phase-conjugating active antenna is presented, for its use in full-duplex and secure retrodirective communication links. Two enhancement-mode PHEMT's are properly combined to simultaneously act as a subharmonic and a 180-degree singly balanced resistive mixer, allowing downconversion of an AM interrogating signal as well as retransmission of a BPSK response. A varactor-controlled printed patch is tuned to the hopping frequency of the desired interrogation, reducing the possibility of communication interception and thus improving link security. Measurement results in a scatterer test-set validate the proposed cost-effective solution
c-Ret–mediated hearing loss in mice with Hirschsprung disease

A significantly increased risk for dominant sensorineural deafness in patients who have Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) caused by endothelin receptor type B and SOX10 has been reported. Despite the fact that c-RET is the most frequent causal gene of HSCR, it has not been determined whether impairments of c-Ret and c-RET cause congenital deafness in mice and humans. Here, we show that impaired phosphorylation of c-Ret at tyrosine 1062 causes HSCR-linked syndromic congenital deafness in c-Ret knockin (KI) mice. The deafness involves neurodegeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) with not only impaired phosphorylation of Akt and NF-κB but decreased expression of calbindin D28k in inner ears. The congenital deafness involving neurodegeneration of SGNs in c-Ret KI mice was rescued by introducing constitutively activated RET. Taken together with our results for three patients with congenital deafness with c-RET–mediated severe HSCR, our results indicate that c-Ret and c-RET are a deafness-related molecule in mice and humans.
Nerve growth factor mRNA‐containing cells are distributed within regions of cholinergic neurons in the rat basal forebrain

It has been proposed that nerve growth factor (NGF) provides critical trophic support for the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and that it becomes available to these neurons by retrograde transport from distant forebrain targets. However, neurochemical studies have detected low levels of NGF mRNA within basal forebrain areas of normal and experimental animals, thus suggesting that some NGF synthesis may actually occur within the region of the responsive cholinergic cells. In the present study with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques, the distribution of cells containing NGF mRNA within basal forebrain was compared with the distribution of cholinergic perikarya. The localization of NGF mRNA was examined by using a 35S‐labeled RNA probe complementary to rat preproNGF mRNA and emulsion autoradiography. Hybridization of the NGF cRNA labeled a large number of cells within the anterior olfactory nucleus and the piriform cortex as well as neurons in a continuous zone spanning the lateral aspects of both the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca and the magnocellular preoptic nucleus. In the latter regions, large autoradiographic grain clusters labeled relatively large Nissl‐pale nuclei; it did not appear that glial cells were autoradiographically labeled. Comparison of adjacent tissue sections processed for in situ hybridization to NGF mRNA and immunohistochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) demonstrated overlapping fields of cRNA‐labeled neurons and ChAT‐immunoreactive perikarya in both the horizontal limb of the diagonal band and magnocellular preoptic regions. However, no hybridization of the cRNA probe was observed in other principal cholinergic regions including the medial septum, the vertical limb of the diagonal band, or the nucleus basalis of Meynert. These results provide evidence for the synthesis of NGF mRNA by neurons within select fields of NGF‐responsive cholinergic cells and suggest that the generally accepted view of “distant” target‐derived neurotrophic support should be reconsidered and broadened.
PERBEDAAN ASUPAN ENERGI, PROTEIN, AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN STATUS GIZI ANTARA LANSIA YANG MENGIKUTI DAN TIDAK MENGIKUTI SENAM BUGAR LANSIA

Latar Belakang: Senam bugar lansia merupakan bentuk olahraga yang gerakannya mudah diikuti oleh lansia untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan dan kebugaran jasmani. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan asupan energi, protein, aktivitas fisik dan status gizi antara lansia yang mengikuti dan tidak mengikuti senam bugar lansia. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Subjek adalah 30 lansia rawat jalan di Instalasi Geriatri RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, dibagi secara merata menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu lansia yang mengikuti dan tidak mengikuti senam bugar lansia. Analisis data menggunakan uji Independent T Test dan Mann Whitney U dengan program SPSS for windows versi 17.0. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada aktivitas fisik (p=0,045) dan status gizi (p=0,004) kedua kelompok subjek. Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada asupan energi (p=0,2378) dan protein (p=0,110). Simpulan: Aktivitas fisik dan status gizi pada kelompok yang mengikuti dan tidak mengikuti senam bugar lansia berbeda secara bermakna. Namun, asupan energi dan protein antara kedua kelompok subjek tidak berbeda. Kata kunci: Senam Bugar Lansia, asupan energi, asupan protein, aktivitas fisik
The Impact of Lifetime ADHD on Neuropsychological Functioning in Young Adults with Bipolar Disorder: A Comparison of Bipolar Disorder with and without Childhood ADHD, ADHD, and Control Groups.

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 3 PUBLICATIONS . 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 6 LIST OF TABLES . 10 REFERENCES . 173 LIST OF APPENDICES . 244 Chapter 1: Introduction 12 Overview of Bipolar Disorder 12 Classification of Bipolar Disorder 12 Prevalence of Bipolar Disorder 14 Comorbidity and its Clinical Impact on Bipolar Disorder 15 Aetiology of Bipolar Disorder 16
Rapid in vivo musculoskeletal MR with parallel imaging at 7T

The purpose of this work was to implement autocalibrating GRAPPA‐based parallel imaging (PI) for in vivo high‐resolution (HR) MRI of cartilage and trabecular bone micro‐architecture at 7T and to evaluate its performance based on comparison of MR‐derived morphology metrics between accelerated and conventional images and comparison of geometry factor measures between 3T and 7T. Using an eight channel coil array for trabecular MRI at the ankle, a higher maximum feasible acceleration (R) = 6 and lower geometry factor values than that at 3T were observed. The advantages of two‐dimensional acceleration were also demonstrated. In knee cartilage and bone acquisitions, feasibility of PI with a dual‐channel quadrature coil was investigated. Robust quantification of bone and cartilage metrics could be derived from accelerated ankle and knee acquisitions. PI can enhance the clinical feasibility of in vivo bone and cartilage HR‐MRI for osteoporosis and osteoarthritis at 7T. Magn Reson Med, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cortical and Subcortical Contributions to Stop Signal Response Inhibition: Role of the Subthalamic Nucleus

Suppressing an already initiated manual response depends critically on the right inferior frontal cortex (IFC), yet it is unclear how this inhibitory function is implemented in the motor system. It has been suggested that the subthalamic nucleus (STN), which is a part of the basal ganglia, may play a role because it is well placed to suppress the “direct” fronto-striatal pathway that is activated by response initiation. In two experiments, we investigated this hypothesis with functional magnetic resonance imaging and a Stop-signal task. Subjects responded to Go signals and attempted to inhibit the initiated response to occasional Stop signals. In experiment 1, Going significantly activated frontal, striatal, pallidal, and motor cortical regions, consistent with the direct pathway, whereas Stopping significantly activated right IFC and STN. In addition, Stopping-related activation was significantly greater for fast inhibitors than slow ones in both IFC and STN, and activity in these regions was correlated across subjects. In experiment 2, high-resolution functional and structural imaging confirmed the location of Stopping activation within the vicinity of the STN. We propose that the role of the STN is to suppress thalamocortical output, thereby blocking Go response execution. These results provide convergent data for a role for the STN in Stop-signal response inhibition. They also suggest that the speed of Go and Stop processes could relate to the relative activation of different neural pathways. Future research is required to establish whether Stop-signal inhibition could be implemented via a direct functional neuroanatomic projection between IFC and STN (a “hyperdirect” pathway).
Critical review of the responsive neurostimulator system for epilepsy

Patients with medically refractory epilepsy have historically had few effective treatment options. Electrical brain stimulation for seizures has been studied for decades and ongoing technological refinements have made possible the development of an implantable electrical brain stimulator. The NeuroPace responsive neurostimulator was recently approved by the FDA for clinical use and the initial reports are encouraging. This device continually monitors brain activity and delivers an electric stimulus when abnormal activity is detected. Early reports of efficacy suggest that the device is well tolerated and offers a reduction in seizure frequency by approximately half at 2 years.
Synergic antibacterial effect between visible light and hydrogen peroxide on Streptococcus mutans.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the possibility of enhancing the phototoxic effect on Streptococcus mutans using a potentially antibacterial synergic effect between blue light and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and to investigate the antibacterial mechanism involved. METHODS Growth of S. mutans samples was determined after exposure to light in the presence and absence of H2O2. The effect of such light on H2O2 degradation, on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and on the exposed-medium temperature was examined. RESULTS The combination of light exposure for 20 s (approximately 23 J/cm2) and a concentration of 0.3 mM H2O2 yielded 96% growth inhibition, whereas, when applied separately, light exposure decreased bacterial growth by 3% and H2O2 by 30% compared with the control. The results showed no direct effect of the light on H2O2 degradation, a partial protective effect of ROS scavengers on S. mutans and a non-lethal increase in the medium temperature after light exposure. CONCLUSIONS An antibacterial synergic effect between blue light and H2O2 was observed. The mechanism of the phototoxic effect on S. mutans was basically a photochemical process, in which ROS were involved. Application of such light in combination with H2O2 to an infected tooth could be an alternative to or serve as an additional minimally invasive antibacterial treatment.
Radiation-Enhanced Lung Cancer Progression in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Lung Cancer Is Predictive of Outcomes in Human Lung and Breast Cancer

Purpose: Carcinogenesis is an adaptive process between nascent tumor cells and their microenvironment, including the modification of inflammatory responses from antitumorigenic to protumorigenic. Radiation exposure can stimulate inflammatory responses that inhibit or promote carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of radiation exposure on lung cancer progression in vivo and assess the relevance of this knowledge to human carcinogenesis. Experimental Design: K-rasLA1 mice were irradiated with various doses and dose regimens and then monitored until death. Microarray analyses were performed using Illumina BeadChips on whole lung tissue 70 days after irradiation with a fractionated or acute dose of radiation and compared with age-matched unirradiated controls. Unique group classifiers were derived by comparative genomic analysis of three experimental cohorts. Survival analyses were performed using principal component analysis and k-means clustering on three lung adenocarcinoma, three breast adenocarcinoma, and two lung squamous carcinoma annotated microarray datasets. Results: Radiation exposure accelerates lung cancer progression in the K-rasLA1 lung cancer mouse model with dose fractionation being more permissive for cancer progression. A nonrandom inflammatory signature associated with this progression was elicited from whole lung tissue containing only benign lesions and predicts human lung and breast cancer patient survival across multiple datasets. Immunohistochemical analyses suggest that tumor cells drive predictive signature. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that radiation exposure can cooperate with benign lesions in a transgenic model of cancer by affecting inflammatory pathways, and that clinically relevant similarities exist between human lung and breast carcinogenesis. Clin Cancer Res; 20(6); 1610–22. ©2014 AACR.
Surgical intensive care unit (ICU) delirium: A “psychosomatic” problem?

Abstract Objective: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) delirium is a common complication after major surgery and related among other potential medical precipitants to either pre-existing cognitive impairment or the intensity and length of anesthesiology or the type of surgery. Nevertheless, in some rare situations, an organic etiology is not always found, which can be frustrating for the medical team. Some clinicians working in an intensive care unit have a reluctance to seek another hypothesis in the psychological field. Method: To illustrate this, we report the case of a 59-year-old woman who developed a massive delirium during her intensive care unit stay after being operated on for a left retroperitoneal sarcoma. Interestingly, she had had no previous cognitive disorders and a somatic explanation for her psychiatric disorder could not been found. Just before the surgery, she was grieving the recent loss of a colleague of the same age, and also a close friend, and therefore had a death anxiety. Results: With this case report, we would like to point out the importance of psychological factors that might precipitate delirium in a predominately somatic environment such as an intensive care unit. Significance of results: ICU delirium can sometimes be considered as a “psychosomatic” problem with either a stress response syndrome after surgery or a defense mechanism against death anxiety. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of such psychological factors even if they always must first rule out potential somatic causes for delirium and encourage thorough investigation and treatment of these medical causes. A collaboration with the psycho-oncologist is recommended to better manage this “psychosomatic” problem.