Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Purification of a functional enzymatic editing complex from Trypanosoma brucei mitochondria

Kinetoplastid mitochondrial RNA editing, the insertion and deletion of U residues, is catalyzed by sequential cleavage, U addition or removal, and ligation reactions and is directed by complementary guide RNAs. We have purified a ∼20S enzymatic complex from Trypanosoma bruceimitochondria that catalyzes a complete editing reaction in vitro. This complex possesses all four activities predicted to catalyze RNA editing: gRNA‐directed endonuclease, terminal uridylyl transferase, 3′ U‐specific exonuclease, and RNA ligase. However, it does not contain other putative editing complex components: gRNA‐independent endonuclease, RNA helicase, endogenous gRNAs or pre‐mRNAs, or a 25 kDa gRNA‐binding protein. The complex is composed of eight major polypeptides, three of which represent RNA ligase. These findings identify polypeptides representing catalytic editing factors, reveal the nature of this ∼20S editing complex, and suggest a new model of editosome assembly.
Spatial Multiplexing Gain for Two Interfering MIMO Broadcast Channels Based on Linear Transceiver

In this letter, we provide an expression of spatial multiplexing gain (SMG) for two mutually interfering multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channels, referred to as MIMO-IBC, with linear transceiver. We derive the SMG with respect to user antenna distribution, and compare the systems with and without cooperation among receive antennas in each cell. Additionally, we propose a linear precoding and decoding algorithm for the MIMO-IBC which maximizes the sum rate by extending a solution for single-cell multiple-input single-output broadcast channels. Simulation results confirm the accuracy of our theoretical SMG analysis for the MIMO-IBC.
Reverse Zoonotic Disease Transmission (Zooanthroponosis): A Systematic Review of Seldom-Documented Human Biological Threats to Animals

Background Research regarding zoonotic diseases often focuses on infectious diseases animals have given to humans. However, an increasing number of reports indicate that humans are transmitting pathogens to animals. Recent examples include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, influenza A virus, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Ascaris lumbricoides. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of published literature regarding reverse zoonoses and highlight the need for future work in this area. Methods An initial broad literature review yielded 4763 titles, of which 4704 were excluded as not meeting inclusion criteria. After careful screening, 56 articles (from 56 countries over three decades) with documented human-to-animal disease transmission were included in this report. Findings In these publications, 21 (38%) pathogens studied were bacterial, 16 (29%) were viral, 12 (21%) were parasitic, and 7 (13%) were fungal, other, or involved multiple pathogens. Effected animals included wildlife (n = 28, 50%), livestock (n = 24, 43%), companion animals (n = 13, 23%), and various other animals or animals not explicitly mentioned (n = 2, 4%). Published reports of reverse zoonoses transmission occurred in every continent except Antarctica therefore indicating a worldwide disease threat. Interpretation As we see a global increase in industrial animal production, the rapid movement of humans and animals, and the habitats of humans and wild animals intertwining with great complexity, the future promises more opportunities for humans to cause reverse zoonoses. Scientific research must be conducted in this area to provide a richer understanding of emerging and reemerging disease threats. As a result, multidisciplinary approaches such as One Health will be needed to mitigate these problems.
Image overlay guidance for needle insertion in CT scanner

We present an image overlay system to aid needle insertion procedures in computed tomography (CT) scanners. The device consists of a display and a semitransparent mirror that is mounted on the gantry. Looking at the patient through the mirror, the CT image appears to be floating inside the patient with correct size and position, thereby providing the physician with two-dimensional (2-D) "X-ray vision" to guide needle insertions. The physician inserts the needle following the optimal path identified in the CT image rendered on the display and, thus, reflected in the mirror. The system promises to reduce X-ray dose, patient discomfort, and procedure time by significantly reducing faulty insertion attempts. It may also increase needle placement accuracy. We report the design and implementation of the image overlay system followed by the results of phantom and cadaver experiments in several clinical applications.
Maternal Depression, Paternal Psychopathology, and Toddlers' Behavior Problems

This article examined the effects of maternal depression during the postpartum period (Time 1) on the later behavior problems of toddlers (Time 3) and tested if this relationship was moderated by paternal psychopathology during toddlers' lives and/or mediated by maternal parenting behavior observed during mother–child interaction (Time 2). Of the 101 mothers who participated in this longitudinal study with their toddlers, 51 had never experienced an episode of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 50 had experienced an episode of MDD during the first 18 months of their toddlers' lives. Maternal depression at Time 1 was significantly associated with toddlers' externalizing and internalizing behavior problems only when paternal psychopathology was present. As predicted, maternal negativity at Time 2 was found to mediate the relationship between maternal depression at Time 1 and toddlers' externalizing behavior problems at Time 3.
Dynamic power allocation and routing for time varying wireless networks

We consider dynamic routing and power allocation for a wireless network with time varying channels. The network consists of power constrained nodes which transmit over wireless links with adaptive transmission rates. Packets randomly enter the system at each node and wait in output queues to be transmitted through the network to their destinations. We establish the capacity region of all rate matrices (/spl lambda//sub ij/) that the system can stably support - where (/spl lambda//sub ij/) represents the rate of traffic originating at node i and destined for node j. A joint routing and power allocation policy is developed which stabilizes the system and provides bounded average delay guarantees whenever the input rates are within this capacity region. Such performance holds for general arrival and channel state processes, even if these processes are unknown to the network controller. We then apply this control algorithm to an ad-hoc wireless network where channel variations are due to user mobility, and compare its performance with the Grossglauser-Tse (2001) relay model.
High-dimensional real-parameter optimization using Self-Adaptive Differential Evolution algorithm with population size reduction

In this paper we investigate a self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm (jDEdynNP-F) where F and CR control parameters are self-adapted and a population size reduction method is used. Additionally the proposed jDEdynNP-F algorithm uses a mechanism for sign changing of F control parameter with some probability based on the fitness values of randomly chosen vectors, which are multiplied by the F control parameter (scaling factor) in the mutation operation of DE algorithm. The performance of the jDEdynNP-F algorithm is evaluated on the set of 7 benchmark functions provided for the CECpsila2008 special session on high-dimensional real-parameter optimization.
Using dependent types to express modular structure

Writing any large program poses difficult problems of organization. In many modern programming languages these problems are addressed by special linguistic constructs, variously known as modules, packages, or clusters, which provide for partitioning programs into manageable components and for securely combining these components to form complete programs. Some general purpose components are able to take on a life of their own, being separately compiled and stored in libraries of generic, reusable program units. Usually modularity constructs also support some form of information hiding, such as "abstract data types. " "Programming in the large" is concerned with using such constructs to impose structure on large programs, in contrast to "programming in the small", which deals with the detailed implementation of algorithms in terms of data structures and control constructs. Our goal here is to examine some of the proposed linguistic notions with respect to how they meet the pragmatic requirements of programming in the large.
Pause and rotation of F1-ATPase during catalysis

F1-ATPase is a rotary motor enzyme in which a single ATP molecule drives a 120° rotation of the central γ subunit relative to the surrounding α3β3 ring. Here, we show that the rotation of F1-ATPase spontaneously lapses into long (≈30 s) pauses during steady-state catalysis. The effects of ADP-Mg and mutation on the pauses, as well as kinetic comparison with bulk-phase catalysis, strongly indicate that the paused enzyme corresponds to the inactive state of F1-ATPase previously known as the ADP-Mg inhibited form in which F1-ATPase fails to release ADP-Mg from catalytic sites. The pausing position of the γ subunit deviates from the ATP-waiting position and is most likely the recently found intermediate 90° position.
Assessing the link between speech perception and production through individual differences

This study aims to test a prediction of recent theoretical frameworks in speech motor control: if speech production targets are specified in auditory terms, people with better auditory acuity should have more precise speech targets. To investigate this, we had participants perform speech perception and production tasks in a counterbalanced order. To assess speech perception acuity, we used an adaptive speech discrimination task. To assess variability in speech production, participants performed a pseudo-word reading task; formant values were measured for each recording. We predicted that speech production variability to correlate inversely with discrimination performance. The results suggest that people do vary in their production and perceptual abilities, and that better discriminators have more distinctive vowel production targets, confirming our prediction. This study highlights the importance of individual differences in the study of speech motor control, and sheds light on speech production-perception interaction.
Rituximab in the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Besides traditional cytostatic drugs the introduction of monoclonal antibodies has substantially influenced current treatment concepts of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Rituximab, a monoclonal anti-CD20 chimeric antibody, now has been widely evaluated in the various B-cell lymphatic neoplasms. Large phase III studies helped to prove the value of this drug in follicular lymphoma as part of induction or relapse treatment as well as maintenance treatment. The addition of rituximab to the well established CHOP regimens has increased achievable cure rates in diffuse large cell lymphoma, and this combination is now accepted worldwide as standard of care. Although conflicting results are available, rituximab is widely used for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma. For the less frequent lymphoma entities phase 2 studies show a considerable efficiency for most of these B-NHL variants. Current research focuses on combined chemoimmunotherapy approaches, optimization of dosing regimens, and combination with novel agents.
Pattern-Based Translation of BPMN Process Models to BPEL Web Services

The business process modeling notation (BPMN) is a graph-oriented language primarily targeted at domain analysts and supported by many modeling tools. The business process execution language for Web services (BPEL) on the other hand is a mainly block-structured language targeted at software developers and supported by several execution platforms. Translating BPMN models into BPEL code is a necessary step towards standards-based business process development environments. This translation is challenging since BPMN and BPEL represent two fundamentally different classes of languages. Existing BPMN-to-BPEL translations rely on the identification of block-structured patterns in BPMN models that are mapped onto structured BPEL constructs. This article advances the state of the art in BPMN-to-BPEL translation by defining methods for identifying not only perfectly block-structured fragments in BPMN models, but quasi-structured fragments that can be turned into perfectly structured ones and flow-based acyclic fragments that can be mapped onto a combination of structured constructs and control links. Beyond its direct relevance in the context of BPMN and BPEL, this article addresses issues that arise generally when translating between graph-oriented and block-structured flow definition languages.
Effect of Secondary Infections and Risk Factors on the Outcome of Covid-19 Patients in the Intensive Care Unit

<p class="AbstractNormal"><strong>Introduction</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infection caused by a virus with a high virulence level, which has progressively become a pandemic. Several studies have shown that risk factors and comorbidities associated with the disease can lead to severe and critical pneumonia requiring ICU treatment. This indicates that a proper understanding is needed in selecting the right therapy and determining patient prognosis. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the risk factors affecting the outcome of Covid-19 patients in the ICU of Regional General Hospital Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. </p><p class="AbstractNormal"><strong>Methods</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with a total sampling technique. The risk factors analyzed included old age, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, Invasive Mechanical Ventilators (IMV) use, and secondary infections. Data collection was carried out by reading medical records, as well as blood and/or sputum culture results of Covid-19 patients at the study location from March-October 2020. The data obtained were then analyzed using the chi-square statistical analysis and logistic regression (α = 0.05) with SPSS software version 21. </p><p class="AbstractNormal"><strong>Result</strong><strong>s: </strong>Based on the chi-square test, ventilator type (p<0.001), and secondary infection (p=0.004) were statistically associated with the outcome of Covid-19 patients. Meanwhile, age (p=0.739), hypertension (p=0.202), cardiovascular disease (p=0.073), and diabetes mellitus (p=0.124) had no statistical relationship. The logistic regression test results showed that IMV was a risk factor for Covid-19 death and secondary infection was associated with mortality. </p><p class="AbstractNormal"><strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>: </strong>The ventilator type and secondary infection had a significant relationship with the outcome of Covid-19 patients. Furthermore, IMV use was a risk factor for mortality among infected people. </p>
Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance Affects Women Less Than Men and Is Not Accompanied by Inflammation or Impaired Proximal Insulin Signaling

OBJECTIVE We have previously shown that overnight fasted women have higher insulin-stimulated whole body and leg glucose uptake despite a higher intramyocellular triacylglycerol concentration than men. Women also express higher muscle mRNA levels of proteins related to lipid metabolism than men. We therefore hypothesized that women would be less prone to lipid-induced insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Insulin sensitivity of whole-body and leg glucose disposal was studied in 16 young well-matched healthy men and women infused with intralipid or saline for 7 h. Muscle biopsies were obtained before and during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (1.42 mU · kg−1 · min−1). RESULTS Intralipid infusion reduced whole-body glucose infusion rate by 26% in women and 38% in men (P < 0.05), and insulin-stimulated leg glucose uptake was reduced significantly less in women (45%) than men (60%) after intralipid infusion. Hepatic glucose production was decreased during the clamp similarly in women and men irrespective of intralipid infusion. Intralipid did not impair insulin or AMPK signaling in muscle and subcutaneous fat, did not cause accumulation of muscle lipid intermediates, and did not impair insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase activity in muscle or increase plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. In vitro glucose transport in giant sarcolemmal vesicles was not decreased by acute exposure to fatty acids. Leg lactate release was increased and respiratory exchange ratio was decreased by intralipid. CONCLUSIONS Intralipid infusion causes less insulin resistance of muscle glucose uptake in women than in men. This insulin resistance is not due to decreased canonical insulin signaling, accumulation of lipid intermediates, inflammation, or direct inhibition of GLUT activity. Rather, a higher leg lactate release and lower glucose oxidation with intralipid infusion may suggest a metabolic feedback regulation of glucose metabolism.
The Innate Immune Cross Talk between NK Cells and Eosinophils Is Regulated by the Interaction of Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors with Eosinophil Surface Ligands

Previous studies suggested that the cross talk between NK cells and other cell types is crucial for the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. In the present study, we analyzed the phenotypic and functional outcome of the interaction between resting or cytokine-activated NK cells and eosinophils derived from non-atopic donors. Our results provide the first evidence that a natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR)/NCR ligand-dependent cross talk between NK cells and eosinophils may be important to upregulate the activation state and the effector function of cytokine-primed NK cells. This interaction also promotes the NK-mediated editing process of dendritic cells that influence the process of Th1 polarization. In turn, this cross talk also resulted in eosinophil activation and acquisition of the characteristic features of antigen-presenting cells. At higher NK/eosinophil ratios, cytokine-primed NK cells were found to kill eosinophils via NKp46 and NKp30, thus suggesting a potential immunoregulatory role for NK cells in dampening inflammatory responses involving eosinophils.
Early Postoperative Complications after Heart Transplantation in Adult Recipients: Asan Medical Center Experience

Background Heart transplantation has become a widely accepted surgical option for end-stage heart failure in Korea since its first success in 1992. We reviewed early postoperative complications and mortality in 239 patients who underwent heart transplantation using bicaval technique in Asan Medical Center. Methods Between January 1999 and December 2011, a total of 247 patients aged over 17 received heart transplantation using bicaval technique in Asan Medical Center. After excluding four patients with concomitant kidney transplantation and four with heart-lung transplantation, 239 patients were enrolled in this study. We evaluated their early postoperative complications and mortality. Postoperative complications included primary graft failure, cerebrovascular accident, mediastinal bleeding, renal failure, low cardiac output syndrome requiring intra-aortic balloon pump or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation insertion, pericardial effusion, and inguinal lymphocele. Follow-up was 100% complete with a mean follow-up duration of 58.4±43.6 months. Results Early death occurred in three patients (1.3%). The most common complications were pericardial effusion (61.5%) followed by arrhythmia (41.8%) and mediastinal bleeding (8.4%). Among the patients complicated with pericardial effusion, only 13 (5.4%) required window operation. The incidence of other significant complications was less than 5%: stroke (1.3%), low cardiac output syndrome (2.5%), renal failure requiring renal replacement (3.8%), sternal wound infection (2.0%), and inguinal lymphocele (4.6%). Most of complications did not result in the extended length of hospital stay except mediastinal bleeding (p=0.034). Conclusion Heart transplantation is a widely accepted option of surgical treatment for end-stage heart failure with good early outcomes and relatively low catastrophic complications.
Oestrogen inactivation in the colon: analysis of the expression and regulation of 17 β -hydroxysteroidehydrogenase isozymes in normal colon and colonic cancer

Epidemiological data suggest that oestrogen contributes to the aetiology of colonic cancer. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested that local hormone metabolism may play a key role in determining colonic responsiveness to oestrogen. To further clarify this mechanism we have characterized the expression and regulation of isozymes of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) in vitro and in situ. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm expression of the type 2 and 4 isozymes of 17β-HSD (17β-HSD2 and 4) in normal colonic epithelial cells. Parallel studies suggested that both isozymes were abnormally expressed in colonic tumours and this was confirmed by Western blot analyses. Abnormal expression of 17β-HSD2 and 4 proteins was also observed in Caco-2, HT-29 and SW620 colonic cancer cell lines, although the overall pattern of oestrogen metabolism in these cells was similar to that seen in primary colonic mucosal tissue. The predominant activity (conversion of oestradiol to oestrone) was highest in Caco-2>SW620>HT-29, which correlated inversely with the rate of proliferation of the cell lines. Regulatory studies using SW620 cells indicated that the most potent stimulator of oestradiol to oestrone inactivation was the antiproliferative agent 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25D3), whilst oestradiol itself inhibited 17β-HSD activity. Both oestradiol and 1,25D3decreased mRNA for 17β-HSD2 and 4. Data indicate that the high capacity for inactivation of oestrogens in the colon is associated with the presence of 17β-HSD2 and 4 in epithelial cells. Abnormal expression of both isozymes in colonic cancer cells and the stimulation of oestrogen inactivation by the antiproliferative agent 1,25D3highlights a possible role for 17β-HSD isozymes as modulators of colonic cell proliferation. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
The Longitudinal Course of Gross Motor Activity in Schizophrenia – Within and between Episodes

Schizophrenia is associated with heterogeneous course of positive and negative symptoms. In addition, reduced motor activity as measured by wrist actigraphy has been reported. However, longitudinal studies of spontaneous motor activity are missing. We aimed to explore whether activity levels were stable within and between psychotic episodes. Furthermore, we investigated the association with the course of negative symptoms. In 45 medicated patients, we investigated motor behavior within a psychotic episode. In addition, we followed 18 medicated patients across 2 episodes. Wrist actigraphy and psychopathological ratings were applied. Within an episode symptoms changed but activity levels did not vary systematically. Activity at baseline predicted the course of negative symptoms. Between two episodes activity recordings were much more stable. Again, activity at the index episode predicted the outcome of negative symptoms. In sum, spontaneous motor activity shares trait and state characteristics, the latter are associated with negative symptom course. Actigraphy may therefore become an important ambulatory instrument to monitor negative symptoms and treatment outcome in schizophrenia.