Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International issues in education

Anxiety, negative attitudes, and attrition are all issues presented in the teaching of statistics to undergraduates in research-based degrees regardless of location. Previous works have looked at these obstacles, but none have consolidated a multilingual, multinational effort using a consistent method. Over 400 Spanish-, English-, and German-speaking undergraduate students enrolled in introductory psychology statistics courses were given the Composite Survey of Statistics Anxiety and Attitudes to determine the precursors and effects of existing problems. Results indicated that student background was heavily linked to attitudes and anxieties. The measure was supported as a viable method for more than one class or university in addressing issues in statistics education, developing interventions to improve students’ experiences, and then determining the success of those changes.
The Cognitive Processes Associated with Occupational/Career Indecision

This study developed and tested a new model of the cognitive processes associated with occupational/career indecision for gifted adolescents. A survey instrument with rigorous psychometric properties, developed from a number of existing instruments, was administered to a sample of 687 adolescents attending three academically selective high schools in Sydney, Australia. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and related procedures. The findings suggested that three cognitive process pathways may be associated with occupational indecision for gifted adolescents, all of which incorporated amotivation with the occupational decision. Within these pathways, both idiocentric orientations toward the future and social influences from the family were identified as negative predictors of occupational amotivation, while perfectionism (which was itself negatively predicted by multipotentiality) appeared to be a positive predictor of occupational amotivation. Educators, psychologists, and counselors may be able to use the findings to reassess their career guidance to gifted adolescents.
Where Shall We Widen It? Higher Education and the Age Participation Rate in Wales

This paper examines the range and quality of data sources available to calculate the representation of minority ethnic groups and different social classes in higher education. The focus is on widening participation in Wales, although some of the datasets and the implications of their re-analysis are more general. The paper also identifies a number of problems with many existing pieces of research in this field – including the routine, and ironic, exclusion of nonparticipants from studies of widening participation, and the small scale of much work. Using the limited datasets that are available for re-analysis shows that the qualified age participation rate for traditional undergraduate entry to university is near 100 per cent. Social classes and ethnic groups are, therefore, represented in proportion to their prevalence in the more general population, and in proportion to their prior attainment of entry qualifications. The solution to widening participation for these groups lies not in universities but in schools, colleges and the wider society.
Anti Anti-Colonialism: Vernacular Press and Emergent Possibilities in Colonial Zambia

Abstract African newspapers published in vernacular languages, particularly papers sponsored by colonial governments, have been understudied. A close reading of their contents and related archival sources provides insights into diverse ways in which the colonized framed and made claims. New kinds of claims were mediated by the government-sponsored vernacular press no less than by nationalists. Just as vernacularism was not nativism, African aspirations that posed no direct challenge to the colonial order did not necessarily entail mimicry. I show also how Europeans who debated a newspaper for Africans in the 1930s Zambia voiced diverse approaches to print culture, addressing a variety of objectives. The newspaper that emerged, Mutende, was replaced by provincial newspapers in the 1950s, and I focus on one of these: the Chinyanja-language Nkhani za kum'mawa, published under African editorship in Eastern Province between 1958 and 1965. Its modes of addressing African publics were neither nationalist nor colonial in any straightforward senses. Its editors and readers deliberated on what it meant to be from the province in an era of labor migration, how African advancement and dependence on Europeans were to be envisaged, and how relationships between women and men should be reconfigured. To hold divergent views on a world in flux, they had to keep something constant, and the order of governance itself remained beyond dispute. But this did not preclude emergent possibilities. The newspaper's columns and letters to the editor reveal claims on novel opportunities and constraints of a sort that mainstream nationalist historiography, with its meta-narrative of anti-colonialism, has rendered invisible.
Du travail documentaire des enseignants : genèses, collectifs, communautés. Le cas des mathématiques

Nous etudions le travail documentaire des enseignants : collecter des ressources, les selectionner, les transformer, les recomposer, les mettre en œuvre, les partager, les reviser… La documentation designe simultanement ce travail et ce qu’il produit ; elle est au cœur de l’activite professionnelle des enseignants. Nous proposons une approche theorique pour l’etude de cette documentation, et introduisons en particulier la notion de genese documentaire. Ces geneses ont des aspects individuels, mais aussi collectifs, en particulier au sein de communautes de pratique. Elles jouent un role essentiel dans le developpement professionnel des professeurs. Nous presentons cette approche documentaire du didactique et donnons des exemples de son application dans le cas des professeurs de mathematiques.
Effects of fasting during Ramadan on urinary excretion in Malaysian Muslims

Urine analysis was conducted on male Muslims before, during and after Ramadan. Various changes in urine volume, osmolality, total solute, sodium, potassium, titratable acidity and urea in response to altered feeding and activity regimens were found. There were no detectable levels of ketones, protein, glucose, urobilinogen and haemoglobin. It was concluded that the body adapted to fasting during Ramadan and that there were no adverse effects on renal function.
Conflict as driver of pluricentric coordination

Governance theory and planning theory share a tendency to either overlook the role of conflicts in coordination processes or view them as a disruptive force that must be modified or neutralized. In effect, there is little research into the productive role of conflicts in constructing and reconstructing the institutional conditions that make coordination possible. The productive role of conflicts is particularly visible in times of radical change that calls for a recasting of the sedimented world views and practices of the involved actors, as well as the relationship between them. A case study of the formation of new pluricentric regional governance arenas in Denmark provides important insights into how conflicts contribute to a gradual recasting of the institutional conditions that make coordination possible.
Information search and mental representation in risky decision making: The advantages first principle

In three experiments the problem is investigated how people identify early in the decision process those alternatives that are worthwhile to be examined in more detail. We assume that decision makers employ the Advantages first Principle: They first search for information about positive outcomes and then focus their information search (e.g., for negative consequences or for risk defusing operators) on those alternatives that appear attractive after this initial evaluation. In Experiment 1 (120 participants), initial information about consequences was varied for eight alternatives (no information, positive consequences, negative, or mixed for four alternatives). In all conditions, the great majority of participants followed both aspects of the Advantages first Principle. In Experiment 2, 60 participants decided in two quasi-realistic scenarios with two alternatives each. Initial information was presented so that one alternative had better positive consequences, worse negative consequences, or both. In all conditions, more information was searched for in the initially better alternative. In Experiment 3 (20 participants) the Advantages first Principle was not only confirmed for a scenario but also for choices in traditional gambling tasks with two and eight alternatives, respectively. Participants could win or lose real money. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PREFERENCES FOR RANDOM SHAPES: AGES SIX THROUGH NINETEEN YEARS

Pairs of random shapes were presented to 787 Ss. Preferences were measured in 2 ways: (a) the stimulus of a pair judged as preferred, (b) the stimulus of a pair viewed the longest. These preferences were scaled using Thurstone's Law of Comparative Judgment. Scaled functions for both measures of preference for Ss through 12 years, and judged preference for Ss through 16 years were generally monotonic, Ss preferring the most complex stimuli. Judged preference functions for 17-, 18-, and 19-year Ss were nonmonotonic and showed a systemative decreasing preference for complexity with increasing age. Most data revealed few inconsistencies of judgment, suggesting that complexity as a single dimension mediates the preference of Ss. Methodological problems were considered; comparisons were made with recent work of Munsinger, Kessen, and Kessen, and suggestions made for future research.
The Effects of Presenting High-Preference Items, Paired With Choice, Via Computer-Based Video Programming on Task Completion of Students With Autism

Task completion time Was substantially decreased for tWo middle school students With a diagnosis of moderate mental retardation and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) folloWing the presentation of high-preference items and choice via a computer-based video program. The study used an ABAB design to evaluate the effects of the program compared to tangible high-preference items presented in baseline. Students' time to complete three tasks decreased immediately folloWing the introduction of the computer-based program. Results are discussed in terms of the advantages of this approach as one solution for providing novel and highly reinforcing activities to students With a diagnosis of ASD.
Commitment to Social Change

The purpose of this paper is to examine commitment as it relates to the pursuit of social change. This is done through the analysis of accounts by veterans of their involvement in feminist social movement organizations (FSMOs). They convey their stories of commitment to the feminist movement with language that one might use to describe an intimate relationship. The collective voice suggests considerable sacrifice and dedication. It also reveals a deep belief that they were betrayed by movement beneficiaries. This sense of betrayal is rooted in the expectation that movement commitment would increase as attacks by the New Right on the FSMOs rose. The paper concludes with discussion of the relevancy of studying commitment to social change for both micro and macro social work theory and practice.
Size Matters

We examine the relationship between body size (specifically, weight and height) and dating and sexual activity using two large, nationally representative, longitudinal data sets. Our conceptual framework assumes that the utility an adolescent derives from dating and sexual activity is a function of the weight and height of his or her partner, and it predicts that heavier and shorter adolescents will be less likely to date and have sex. Empirical tests confirm that dating is less likely among heavier girls and boys and among shorter girls and boys. In adolescent dating, size clearly matters. For sexual activity, the results are less consistent.
Affiliation, Urban Size, Urgency, and Cost of Responses to Lost Letters

A study using 420 “lost letters” was designed to test the hypothesis that returned responses would be larger from small towns than from suburbs or cities unless the addressee was affiliated with a nonpolitical group. Percent returns to control, Pesticide Action Network, Immigration Law Enforcement Monitoring Project, Network for the Enforcement of Humane Immigrant and Refugee Rights, and the KlanWatch affiliates were 60.7%, 59.5%, 56.0%, 44.0%, and 36.9%, respectively. Responses from the city were generally fewer than those from suburbs except for Pesticide or Immigration Law affiliations. Urban responses were always fewer than those from small towns. Urgency and cost did not influence returns. The lost letter technique seems suitable as a research tool for inferring public opinion toward nonpolitical, emotionally subtle social issues.
Generalizabilidad de las observaciones de la acción del juego en el fútbol

Observations of the football game action: A Generalizability study. In this study we observed several matches from different football teams playing the last Football World Cup. We selected a structure of crossed multifacet design which incorporates different matches between different teams by means of a set of integrated categories. This integrated categories were: 1) Starting of ball control or recovering of the ball control -8 categories-, 2) Maintaining of the ball control or development of the game action 18 categories-, 3) Losing the ball control or ending of the ball control -8 categories-, 4) Categories of the target team when the opponent has the ball control -18 cate gories-, 5) Six categories when the ball is not in movement. To confirm the obtained results we redraw our data in a partially nested multifacet structure, analyzing the different categories that compose each integrated set of categories, independently; also the interaction between them was evaluated. The last strategy allows us to analyze, independently, different matches of different teams; also different crossed and nested combinations were evaluated.
A Partnership of Equals? Academic Collaboration between the United Kingdom and Brazil

In 1988, the British Council and the Brazilian federal agency responsible for funding higher education, the Co-ordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), signed an agreement to promote and facilitate academic collaboration between universities in the United Kingdom and Brazil. From the Brazilian perspective, this agreement represented an opportunity to establish joint research programs and other activities that moved beyond traditional forms of north-south cooperation to link academics from both countries in a genuine and mutually beneficial partnership. Drawing on case study research of collaborative academic projects financed under this agreement, this article addresses the extent to which these initial aspirations have been realized. The research confirms that constraints arising from historical and contemporary factors continue to pose barriers to genuine partnership. However, it also highlights the limitations of adopting a purely macrolevel analysis, emphasizing the complexity of, and variability between, individual projects. Factors that appear to contribute to the degree of success of the projects investigated are also identified and explored, and it is concluded that the British Council–CAPES agreement is facilitating the emergence of “advanced neocolonial partnerships” in academic collaboration between the two countries.
Verifying completeness of relational query results in data publishing

In data publishing, the owner delegates the role of satisfying user queries to a third-party publisher. As the publisher may be untrusted or susceptible to attacks, it could produce incorrect query results. In this paper, we introduce a scheme for users to verify that their query results are complete (i.e., no qualifying tuples are omitted) and authentic (i.e., all the result values originated from the owner). The scheme supports range selection on key and non-key attributes, project as well as join queries on relational databases. Moreover, the proposed scheme complies with access control policies, is computationally secure, and can be implemented efficiently.
Barriers to long-run growth in Russia

Russia's economic adjustment to the fall of communism has been notoriously troubled. The output recovery since 1998 is widely judged to be fragile. What is less often noted is that Russia is far from unique in its 'transition' troubles. In this paper the main hypotheses put forward to account for Russia's transition difficulties are reviewed in the context of economic change in all ex-communist countries. Accounts relying on (unexplained) mistakes in economic policy are inadequate. Two accounts may be sustainable in the light of evidence from other ex-communist countries: one based on inherited economic structure and one based on cultural factors. The latter hypothesis is shown to be susceptible to testing.
Causal cognition : a multidisciplinary debate

Introduction Part I: Causal representation in animal cognition Part II: Causal understanding in na"ive physics Part III: Causal understanding in na"ive psychology Part IV: Causal understanding in na"ive biology Part V: Understanding social causality Part VI: The legitimacy of domain-specific causal understandings: philosophical considerations Part VII: Domain-general approaches to causal understanding Part VIII: Causal understanding in cross-cultural perspective Afterword Index
Early mother–child attachment

Although it is hypothesized that children with different insecure attachment patterns may experience a variety of peer difficulties, the question has been investigated almost exclusively for externalizing and internalizing behaviors with peers. The purpose of this study was to investigate how each of the insecure attachment patterns is related to other features of peer relationships using data from the NICHD SECC (N = 1,140 families). Secure children were rated by mothers and teachers as less excluded by peers than avoidant and disorganized children, although the latter was only significant for boys. No behaviors were uniquely associated with ambivalent children. Avoidant children were rated high by mothers and teachers on asocial behavior, and lowest by teachers on relational aggression. Disorganized children were rated low by mothers on prosocial behavior and high on peer victimization as reported by mothers and teachers. Teachers rated disorganized children as showing higher levels of relational aggression than securely- and ambivalently-attached children. The pattern of findings revealed mixed evidence for the specificity hypothesis.
Herbivores control effects of algal species richness on community biomass and stability in a laboratory microcosm experiment

Hundreds of studies that have explored how biodiversity affects the productivity and stability of ecosystems have produced a consensus that communities composed of more species tend to have higher biomass that is more stable through time. However, the majority of this work stems from studies performed using highly simplified food webs, often composed of just primary producers competing for inorganic resources in the absence of trophic interactions. When studies have incorporated trophic interactions, diversity-function relationships have been more variable, leaving open the question of how biodiversity affects the functioning of ecosystems with more trophic levels. Here we report the results of a laboratory experiment that used freshwater microcosms to test for effects of algal diversity (one or four species) on community biomass and temporal variability in the presence and absence of two different herbivore species (cladocerans Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia pulex). When no herbivores were present, we found the classic pattern observed in hundreds of other studies – as species richness of algae increased, algal biomass increased, and the temporal variation in biomass decreased. This pattern was retained when one of the herbivores (C. dubia) was present. Ceriodaphnia dubia exhibited weak and non-selective grazing on the focal algae, leaving the effect of diversity on biomass and variability essentially intact. In contrast, D. pulex exhibited strong and selective grazing in algal polycultures that qualitatively altered both diversity–function relationships. As algal richness increased, total algal biomass decreased and variation through time increased. These changes were coupled with larger and less variable populations of D. pulex. Our results show that herbivory leads to a richer array of diversity–function relationships than often observed in studies focused on just one trophic level, and suggests trophic interactions should be given more attention in work that seeks to determine how biodiversity impacts the functioning of ecosystems.
Sex Trafficking or Sex Work? Conceptions of Trafficking Among Anti-Trafficking Organizations in Nepal

Trafficking for sexual purposes is widely recognized as a violation of human rights. Trafficking of women and girls within Nepal and from Nepal to India’s red light districts is thought to be extremely common. There is sharp debate within the anti-trafficking community, both within Nepal and globally, about why trafficking occurs and how to prevent it. I argue that this disagreement is rooted in two distinct underlying frameworks employed by anti-trafficking advocates to understand trafficking, which I identify as the “Prostitution Framework” and the “Labour Exploitation Framework. ” This article introduces these frameworks and investigates where the anti-trafficking community in Nepal is situated. I find that this community is primarily rooted within the Prostitution Framework, and that this position has implications for how anti-trafficking programming is conducted. Recent changes in Nepal have begun to expose some of the shortcomings of this framework, and I conclude that there are strong reasons that anti-trafficking advocates in Nepal should examine their assumptions, as perhaps programmes situated within the Labour Framework may be more appropriate. More empirical research is required in order to demonstrate whether programming informed by the Labour Exploitation Framework would be more successful at preventing trafficking and limiting the harm that women experience in the sex industry.
Win-win imageries in a soap bubble world: Personhood and norms in extreme work

This article explores the imagery and notions of personhood underlying the willingness to undertake extreme work among creative knowledge workers. The core argument is that extreme work is informed by pervasive win-win fantasies which can be recognized in a number of current organizational trends, ranging from New Public Management, over corporate culture, to project work. Each of these trends claims to transcend paradoxes by making contradictory extremes enhance each other rather than hamper each other. This is partly made possible by an increasing immateriality of both money and labor, I argue. Drawing on empirical data from creative knowledge industries, this article illustrates how ‘win-win’ workers subscribe to a set of norms promising that extreme work is a ticket to Never-Never Land. These norms are progression, passion, indispensability, and individual agency. The empirical analysis shows that win-win fantasies imprison us in ‘irreflexive modernity’, unable to escape the dream. In the end, the article discusses avenues for finding our way back into reflexive modernity through moderation, prioritization, and paying critical attention to the deferral between gain and cost practiced in win-win games.