Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The evolution of emission lines in H II galaxies

We constructed diagnostic diagrams using emission line ratios and equivalent widths observed in several independent samples of H ii galaxies. Signicant trends are seen, both in the line ratio diagrams, and in diagrams relating line ratios to the equivalent width of H. The diagrams are compared to predictions from photoionization models for evolving starbursts. This study extends the work of Stasi nska & Leitherer (1996) by including objects with no direct determination of the metallicities, and by using updated synthesis models with more recent stellar tracks and atmospheres. We nd that H ii galaxies from objective-prism surveys are not satisfactorily reproduced by simple models of instantaneous starbursts surrounded by constant density, ionization bounded H ii regions. The observed relations between emission line ratios and H equivalent width can be understood if older stellar populations generally contribute to the observed optical continuum in H ii galaxies. In addition, dierent dust obscuration for stars and gas and leakage of Lyman continuum photons from the observed H ii regions can be important. As a result, H ii galaxies selected from objective-prism surveys are not likely to contain signicant numbers of objects in which the most recent starburst is older than about 5 Myr. This explains the success of the strong line method to derive oxygen abundances, at least in metal poor H ii galaxies. The observed increase of (O i)/H with decreasing H equivalent width can result from the dynamical eects of winds and supernovae. This interpretation provides at the same time a natural explanation of the small range of ionization parameters in giant H ii regions. The classical diagnostic diagram (O iii)/H vs. (O ii)/H cannot be fully understood in terms of pure photoionization models. The largest observed (O ii)/H ratios require additional heating. The (N ii)/(O ii) ratio is shown to increase as the H equivalent width decreases. A possible explanation is an N/O increase due to gradual enrichment by winds from Wolf-Rayet stars on a time scale of 5 Myr. Alternatively, the relation between N/O and O/H could be steeper than N/O/ O/H 0:5 , with a previous stellar generation more important
Kupffer cells interact with hepatitis B surface antigen in vivo and in vitro, leading to proinflammatory cytokine production and natural killer cell function.

BACKGROUND Based on their localization, Kupffer cells (KCs) likely interact with hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, the role of KCs in inducing immunity toward HBV is poorly understood. Therefore, the interaction of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and KCs, and possible functional consequences, were assessed. METHODS KCs in liver tissue from patients with chronic HBV were analyzed for presence of HBsAg and their phenotype, and compared with KCs in control liver tissue. Liver graft perfusate-derived KCs and in vitro-generated monocyte-derived macrophages were investigated for functional interaction with patient-derived HBsAg. RESULTS Intrahepatic KCs were HBsAg positive and more activated than those from control livers. KCs internalized HBsAg in vitro, which did not change their phenotype, but strongly induced proinflammatory cytokine production. Additionally, monocyte-derived macrophages also interacted with HBsAg, leading to activation and cytokine production. Furthermore, HBsAg-exposed macrophages and KC activated natural killer (NK) cells, resulting in increased CD69 expression and interferon-γ production. CONCLUSIONS KCs directly interact with HBsAg in vivo and in vitro. HBsAg-induced cytokine production by KCs and monocyte-derived macrophages and subsequent NK cell activation may be an early event in viral containment and may support induction of HBV-specific immunity upon HBV infection, but may also contribute to liver pathology.
Semantic and related types of priming as a context in word recognition

53 What is the reason for study how context can affect word recognition? Let us put it this way, literacy is one of the most important things in today’s society, but most of us take it for granted. This happens because once you have learnt to read it occurs automatically, with very little effort. Producing grammatically correct sentences that express your thinking is also given no attention, we all suppose that’s the way thing should be. However, there are lots of people that have trouble reading, writing, understanding speech and all kind of problems concerning language. If there is a way to help them, or to better understand how just one aspect of language works, study of word recognition and factors that can affect it is justified. One of the most important ideas in word recognition is that of priming. It involves presenting material before the word to which a response has to be made. Most common paradigm involves presenting one word prior to the target word to which participant is supposed to respond. The first word is called prime, and is usually presented for a very short period of time (in tens or hundreds of milliseconds), and the second word is called target, the one to which response has to be made. The time between prime presentation (onset) and the target presentation is called stimulus onset asynchrony, or SOA (Harley, 2005). Target word can be preceded by a sentence or a picture, and priming can also be auditory, as well. In this paper, however, we are focused on how (written) words prime words.
Early Binding of Gaze, Gesture, and Emotion: Neural Time Course and Correlates

Communicative intentions are transmitted by many perceptual cues, including gaze direction, body gesture, and facial expressions. However, little is known about how these visual social cues are integrated over time in the brain and, notably, whether this binding occurs in the emotional or the motor system. By coupling magnetic resonance and electroencephalography imaging in humans, we were able to show that, 200 ms after stimulus onset, the premotor cortex integrated gaze, gesture, and emotion displayed by a congener. At earlier stages, emotional content was processed independently in the amygdala (170 ms), whereas directional cues (gaze direction with pointing gesture) were combined at ∼190 ms in the parietal and supplementary motor cortices. These results demonstrate that the early binding of visual social signals displayed by an agent engaged the dorsal pathway and the premotor cortex, possibly to facilitate the preparation of an adaptive response to another person's immediate intention.
THE EFFECT OF NASAL SURGERY ON APNEA-HYPOPNEA INDEX

Article type Review article One of the factors, which is involved in obstructive sleep apnea, is anatomic or inflammatory pathologies of nasal airway obstruction. Thus, it is logical to observe improvement of polysomnographic parameters of sleep-disordered breathing after nasal surgery. The authors performed a review of the literature, up to 2013, to determine the impact of nasal surgery on obstructive sleep apnea. Most current idea in this field is based on case series studies while randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of surgery for nasal obstruction on sleep apnea are few and far between. According to these studies, surgery for nasal obstruction does not improve objective parameters of sleep apnea. Although nasal obstruction is one of the factors involved in obstructive apnea, one has to keep in mind that surgery will not result in major reduction of obstructive sleep apnea severity to relieve nasal obstruction. Detailed upper airway analysis has to be considered when surgery is an option for obstructive sleep apnea. Thus, nasal surgeries are beneficial when they are part of a multilevel approach in obstructive sleep apnea treatment.
Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease Behavioral assessment of visual deficits in the taiep mutant

Correspondence: Christopher M Bloom Department of Psychology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Sq, Providence, RI 02918, USA Email cbloom@providence.edu Abstract: Taiep (tremor, ataxia, immobility, epilepsy, paralysis) mutants show a significant increase in myelin thickness from 10 to 30 days of age but then demonstrate a decrease in myelin thickness from 1 to 6 months. The severity of the demyelination in the optic nerve suggests that visual deficits may exist in the taiep mutants. Animals were trained on a discrimination task, in which responses to a light stimulus (the S period) were reinforced on a fixed ratio (FR)-1 schedule, and responses in the absence of the light stimulus (the S∆ period) were not reinforced. Following training, the light intensity presented during the S period was gradually reduced between sessions until −6.0 candela/m was reached. Both groups of animals – taiep mutants and control Sprague Dawley rats – successfully recognized and responded in the presence of the stimulus near perfectly by the final day of training, suggesting that taiep mutants demonstrated normal learning, at least under this paradigm. Despite the severe demyelination of the taiep optic nerve, no visual deficits were detected as both groups of animals performed similarly as the light intensity decreased. Though the myelin loss of the optic nerve may have negatively affected signal transduction, this did not result in an increase in visual threshold.
Gravitating sphalerons and sphaleron black holes in asymptotically anti–de Sitter spacetime

Numerical arguments are presented for the existence of spherically symmetric regular and black hole solutions of the EYMH equations with a negative cosmological constant. These solutions approach asymptotically the anti-de Sitter spacetime. The main properties of the solutions and the differences with respect to the asymptotically flat case are discussed. The instability of the gravitating sphaleron solutions is also proven.
Are hardware performance counters a cost effective way for integrity checking of programs

In this paper, we propose to use hardware performance counters (HPC) to detect malicious program modifications at load time (static) and at runtime (dynamic). HPC have been used for program characterization and testing, system testing and performance evaluation, and as side channels. We propose to use HPCs for static and dynamic integrity checking of programs. The main advantage of HPC-based integrity checking is that it is almost free in terms of hardware cost; HPCs are built into almost all processors. The runtime performance overhead is minimal because we use the operating system for integrity checking, which is called anyway for process scheduling and other interrupts. Our preliminary results confirm that HPC very efficiently detect program modifications with very low cost.
The Shape of Elementary Trees and Scope Possibilities in STAG

Work on the syntax-semantics interface in the TAG framework has grappled with the problem of identifying a system with suf-ﬁcient power to capture semantic dependencies which also imposes formally and linguistically interesting constraint on the kinds of dependencies that can be expressed. The consensus in recent years appears to have shifted to the use of a system that is substantially more expressive than TAG. In this paper, we revisit some of the arguments in favor of more formal power, particularly those from Nesson and Shieber (2008). We show that these arguments can be defused once we adopt a different perspective on predicate-headed semantic elementary trees, namely that they are divided into scope and variable components like their quantiﬁcational counterparts. We demonstrate as well that this proposal provides an new perspective on scope rigidity.
C-Terminal Fragment of Agrin (CAF): A Novel Marker for Progression of Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetics

Background Diabetes is the leading cause of CKD in the developed world. C-terminal fragment of agrin (CAF) is a novel kidney function and injury biomarker. We investigated whether serum CAF predicts progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetics. Methods Serum CAF levels were measured in 71 elderly patients with diabetic nephropathy using a newly developed commercial ELISA kit (Neurotune®). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria in spot urine were assessed at baseline and after 12 months follow up. The presence of end stage renal disease (ESRD) was evaluated after 24 months follow-up. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were carried out to explore the associations of serum CAF levels with GFR, proteinuria, GFR loss and incident ESRD. Renal handling of CAF was tested in neurotrypsin-deficient mice injected with recombinant CAF. Results We found a strong association of serum CAF levels with eGFR and a direct association with proteinuria both at baseline (r = 0.698, p<0.001 and r = 0. 287, p = 0.02) as well as after 12 months follow-up (r = 0.677, p<0.001 and r = 0.449, p<0.001), respectively. Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, serum CAF levels predicted eGFR decline at 12 months follow-up after adjusting for known risk factors (eGFR, baseline proteinuria) [OR (95%CI) = 4.2 (1.2–14.5), p = 0.024]. In mice, injected CAF was detected in endocytic vesicles of the proximal tubule. Conclusion Serum CAF levels reflect renal function and are highly associated with eGFR and proteinuria at several time points. Serum CAF was able to predict subsequent loss of renal function irrespective of baseline proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. CAF is likely removed from circulation by glomerular filtration and subsequent endocytosis in the proximal tubule. These findings may open new possibilities for clinical trial design, since serum CAF levels may be used as a selection tool to monitor kidney function in high-risk patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Fast Photovoltaic-System Voltage- or Current-Oriented MPPT Employing a Predictive Digital Current-Controlled Converter

In this paper, a photovoltaic (PV)-system maximum power point (MPP) tracking (MPPT) control strategy employing a predictive digital current-controlled converter implemented in conventional hardware resources is presented. Two current programmed controllers (finite-state predictive control and valley current control) have been integrated into a system with current- or voltage-oriented MPPT. The modifications applied to the perturb-and-observe algorithm enable the MPP tracker to interact rapidly with the controller accounting also for abrupt irradiance drops by considering voltage and current limitations. The implementation of digital control in PV systems entails significant advantages of speed and accuracy, although the controller converges correctly at the MPP under irradiance variations featuring fast dynamic response. The proposed controller scheme has been experimentally demonstrated on a digitally current-controlled boost converter delivering power from a PV system.
Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from a University Teaching Hospital, China

The multidrug-resistant rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae has risen rapidly worldwide. To better understand the multidrug resistance situation and molecular characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae, a total of 153 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were collected, and drug susceptibility test was performed to detect its susceptibility patterns to 13 kinds of antibiotics. Phenotypic tests for carbapenemases ESBLs and AmpC enzyme-producing strains were performed to detect the resistance phenotype of the isolates. Then PCR amplification and sequencing analysis were performed for the drug resistance determinants. The results showed that 63 strains harbored bla CTX-M gene, and 14 strains harbored bla DHA gene. Moreover, there were 5 strains carrying bla KPC gene, among which 4 strains carried bla CTX-M, bla DHA and bla KPC genes, and these 4 strains were also resistant to imipenem. Our data indicated that drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae were highly prevalent in the hospital. Thus it is warranted that surveillance of epidemiology of those resistant isolates should be a cause for concern, and appropriate drugs should be chosen.
C O / 0 70 27 88 v 1 26 F eb 2 00 7 ON SEQUENTIALLY COHEN-MACAULAY COMPLEXES AND POSETS

The classes of sequentially Cohen-Macaulay and sequentially homotopy Cohen-Macaulay complexes and posets are studied. First, some different versions of the definitions are discussed and the homotopy type is determined. Second, it is shown how various constructions, such as join, product and rank-selection preserve these properties. Third, a characterization of sequential Cohen-Macaulayness for posets is given. Finally, in an appendix we outline connections with ring-theory and survey some uses of sequential Cohen-Macaulayness in commutative algebra.
Where is Scrum in the current Agile world?

A variety of methodologies in software processes exist nowadays with the Agile software development having gained significant ground since the introduction of the Agile manifesto in 2001. Scrum is a representative Agile development method employed in the software industry. Since trends come and go, it is vital to see where they stand in the real world. In order to gain an insight into how Scrum is viewed nowadays, we have conducted an online study on the current state of the adoption of Scrum. The study targeted in demonstrating where the success or failure success factors of Scrum lie and in viewing Scrum properties in comparison to heavyweight approaches. This paper presents the results of the study that constitute an instructive view into the above aspects of Scrum development.
Lumacaftor-Ivacaftor in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Homozygous for Phe508del CFTR.

BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis is a life-limiting disease that is caused by defective or deficient cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein activity. Phe508del is the most common CFTR mutation. METHODS We conducted two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies that were designed to assess the effects of lumacaftor (VX-809), a CFTR corrector, in combination with ivacaftor (VX-770), a CFTR potentiator, in patients 12 years of age or older who had cystic fibrosis and were homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation. In both studies, patients were randomly assigned to receive either lumacaftor (600 mg once daily or 400 mg every 12 hours) in combination with ivacaftor (250 mg every 12 hours) or matched placebo for 24 weeks. The primary end point was the absolute change from baseline in the percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) at week 24. RESULTS A total of 1108 patients underwent randomization and received study drug. The mean baseline FEV1 was 61% of the predicted value. In both studies, there were significant improvements in the primary end point in both lumacaftor-ivacaftor dose groups; the difference between active treatment and placebo with respect to the mean absolute improvement in the percentage of predicted FEV1 ranged from 2.6 to 4.0 percentage points (P<0.001), which corresponded to a mean relative treatment difference of 4.3 to 6.7% (P<0.001). Pooled analyses showed that the rate of pulmonary exacerbations was 30 to 39% lower in the lumacaftor-ivacaftor groups than in the placebo group; the rate of events leading to hospitalization or the use of intravenous antibiotics was lower in the lumacaftor-ivacaftor groups as well. The incidence of adverse events was generally similar in the lumacaftor-ivacaftor and placebo groups. The rate of discontinuation due to an adverse event was 4.2% among patients who received lumacaftor-ivacaftor versus 1.6% among those who received placebo. CONCLUSIONS These data show that lumacaftor in combination with ivacaftor provided a benefit for patients with cystic fibrosis homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation. (Funded by Vertex Pharmaceuticals and others; TRAFFIC and TRANSPORT ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01807923 and NCT01807949.).
Demand Heterogeneity and the Adoption of Platform Complements

This paper offers a demand-based theory of how platform maturity affects the adoption of platform complements. We argue that differences between early and late adopters of the platform include willingness to pay for the platform-and-complement bundle, risk preferences, preference for novelty, and search behavior. These differences create heterogeneous demand conditions for complements that affect both average complement performance and variance in the types of complements that are more or less successful. Using a novel dataset of 2,921 sixth-generation console video games, we find that platform maturity has a negative relationship on video games’ unit sales. Furthermore, as the platform matures, we find that the sales disparity between new intellectual property (IP) games and games based on existing video game properties or media tie-ins grows to the detriment of new IP games. We find that the sales disparity between superstar games and flops also widens as the platform matures. These effects are accentuated by the introduction of a next generation platform, which further skews the complement’s customer pool as early adopters migrate away from the current generation platform. Robustness tests that control for unobserved heterogeneity help rule out alternative explanations and support our argument that these performance implications are truly driven by heterogeneity in demand.
Optimal configuration of p-cycles in WDM networks

We investigate the deployment of p-cycles (preconfigured protection cycles) in WDM mesh networks with and without wavelength conversion. We develop optimization models for the configuration of the cycles and apply these on a case study for a pan-European network. The results in particular for wavelength converting networks show that p-cycles achieve high efficiency.
MATING-INDUCED RECOMBINATION IN FRUIT FLIES

Abstract In traditional deterministic models the conditions for the evolution of sex and sexual behavior are limited because their benefits are context dependent. In novel and adverse environments both multiple mating and recombination can help generate gene combinations that allow for rapid adaptation. Mating frequency often increases in conditions in which recombination might be beneficial; therefore, increased sexual behavior might evolve to act as a cue that stimulates recombination. We conducted two experiments in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, using linked phenotypic markers to determine how recent bouts of additional mating affect female recombination rate. The first experiment examined the effect of additional mating, mating history, and age on female recombination rate. The second experiment assessed the effect of recent mating events on recombination rate. Together, the experiments suggest that each additional bout of mating temporarily increases female recombination rate. These findings imply that the conditions favoring the evolution of sexual reproduction and multiple mating behaviors are broader than currently appreciated.