Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic modeling of usage patterns in a web-based information system

Users move from one state (or task) to another in an information system's labyrinth as they try to accomplish their work, and the amount of time they spend in each state varies. This article uses continuous-time stochastic models, mainly based on semi-Markov chains, to derive user state transition patterns (both in rates and in probabilities) in a Web-based information system. The methodology was demonstrated with 126,925 search sessions drawn from the transaction logs of the University of California's MELVYL library catalog system (www.melvyl.ucop.edu). First, user sessions were categorized into six groups based on their similar use of the system. Second, by using a three-layer hierarchical taxonomy of the system Web pages, user sessions in each usage group were transformed into a sequence of states. All the usage groups but one have third-order sequential dependency in state transitions. The sole exception has fourth-order sequential dependency. The transition rates as well as transition probabilities of the semi-Markov model provide a background for interpreting user behavior probabilistically, at various levels of detail. Finally, the differences in derived usage patterns between usage groups were tested statistically. The test results showed that different groups have distinct patterns of system use. Knowledge of the extent of sequential dependency is beneficial because it allows one to predict a user's next move in a search space based on the past moves that have been made. It can also be used to help customize the design of the user interface to the system to facilitate interaction. The group CL6 labeled knowledgeable and sophisticated usage and the group CL7 labeled unsophisticated usage both had third-order sequential dependency and had the same most-frequently occurring search pattern: screen display, record display, screen display, and record display. The group CL8 called highly interactive use with good search results had fourth-order sequential dependency, and its most frequently occurring pattern was the same as CL6 and CL7 with one more screen display action added. The group CL13, called known-item searching had third-order sequential dependency, and its most frequently occurring pattern was index access, search with retrievals, screen display, and record display. Group CL14 called help intensive searching, and CL18 called relatively unsuccessful both had third-order sequential dependency, and for both groups the most frequently occurring pattern was index access, search without retrievals, index access, and again, search without retrievals.
An Evaluation of Culture Results during Treatment for Tuberculosis as Surrogate Endpoints for Treatment Failure and Relapse

It is widely acknowledged that new regimens are urgently needed for the treatment of tuberculosis. The primary endpoint in the Phase III trials is a composite outcome of failure at the end of treatment or relapse after stopping treatment. Such trials are usually both long and expensive. Valid surrogate endpoints measured during or at the end of treatment could dramatically reduce both the time and cost of assessing the effectiveness of new regimens. The objective of this study was to evaluate sputum culture results on solid media during treatment as surrogate endpoints for poor outcome. Data were obtained from twelve randomised controlled trials conducted by the British Medical Research Council in the 1970s and 80s in East Africa and East Asia, consisting of 6974 participants and 49 different treatment regimens. The month two culture result was shown to be a poor surrogate in East Africa but a good surrogate in Hong Kong. In contrast, the month three culture was a good surrogate in trials conducted in East Africa but not in Hong Kong. As well as differences in location, ethnicity and probable strain of Mycobacteria tuberculosis, Hong Kong trials more often evaluated regimens with rifampicin throughout and intermittent regimens, and patients in East African trials more often presented with extensive cavitation and were slower to convert to culture negative during treatment. An endpoint that is a summary measure of the longitudinal profile of culture results over time or that is able to detect the presence of M. tuberculosis later in treatment is more likely to be a better endpoint for a phase II trial than a culture result at a single time point and may prove to be an acceptable surrogate. More data are needed before any endpoint can be used as a surrogate in a confirmatory phase III trial.
Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Particulate Reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites – a review

Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) sought over other conventional materials in the field of aerospace, automotive and marine applications owing to their excellent improved properties. These materials are of much interest to the researchers from few decades. These composites initially replaced Cast Iron and Bronze alloys but owing to their poor wear and seizure resistance, they were subjected to many experiments and the wear behavior of these composites were explored to a maximum extent and were reported by number of research scholars for the past 25 years. In this paper an attempt has been made to consolidate some of the aspects of mechanical and wear behavior of Al-MMCs and the prediction of the Mechanical and Tribological properties of Aluminum MMCs.
Pharmacists Remuneration Models in Iran and Selected Countries: a Comparative Study

Pharmacists are members of the healthcare teams that provide valuable services to society. Their incentive to deliver such services is influenced by remuneration methods. In this study, we aimed to review the remuneration models for pharmacists’ services and the factors affecting the profitability of pharmacies in some selected countries, including France, Ireland, Canada and Turkey, and compared them to Iran. International data were collected by literature review on Google, Google scholar, PubMed and Scopus. In addition, domestic data were collected by contacting relevant organizations. There is no payment for pharmacists’ cognitive services in Iran and in the countries investigated, except for some Canadian provinces. The dispensing fee system in Iran does not seem to be adequate, especially considering that most of the insurers do not cover these fees. The pricing method in Iran has resulted in a low price level, in comparison to the other countries, and this issue has dramatically affected the profitability of pharmacies in standard practice. It could be concluded that changing the current formulation for the dispensing fee to a more appropriate one, defining a remuneration system for non-owner pharmacists other than salary and implementing the new pricing method are necessary in order to improve the services provided by pharmacies.
THE EFFECT OF METACOGNITIVE STRATEGY ON IMPROVING TOEFL LISTENING PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR STUDENTS IN “NOON REGULAR” ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF MATARAM UNIVERSITY

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk meneliti pengaruh strategi Metakognotif dalam meningkatkan komprehensi TOEFL listening pada mahasiswa senior Program Studi Bahasa Inggris Reguler Sore, Universitas Mataram. Penelitian eksperimental ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi apakah penggunaan strategy Metakognitif dapat memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan TOEFL listening siswa. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 146 mahasiswa semester tujuh dan sembilan dan sampelnya berjumlah 40 yang dibagi menjadi kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik sample purposive, dimana karakteristik sample yang dipilih adalah memiliki skor TOEFL minimal “400”. Kelompok eksperimen menerima kelas strategi metakognitive sebanyak 5 kali dengan menggunakan pendekatan Cognitive Academic Language Learning (CALLA). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menggunakan pre-tes dan pos-tes dengan soal TOEFL listening dan didukung oleh kuesioner Metacognitive Awareness Language Questionnaire (MLAQ). T-tes digunakan untuk untuk menganalisis data dan terbukti bahwa nilai total dari t-test (3.25) lebih tinggi dari pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% yaitu (2.021) dan 99% yaitu (2.074). Hasil kuesioner juga menunjukan bahwa strategi Metakognitif menfasilitasi siswa untuk menjadi lebih strategis, konstentrasi, percaya diri, dan dapat menilai proses dan hasil belajarnya masing-masing. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan strategi metakognitif dalam pengajaran TOEFL listening pada mahasiswa senior Program Studi Bahasa Inggris Regular Sore di Universitas Mataram dapat memberikan efek yang signifikan.
Moderating Role of Job Autonomy and Supervisor Support in Trait Emotional Intelligence and Employee Creativity Relationship

This study examined the relationship between trait-based emotional intelligence and employee creativity. Drawing from the trait activation theory (TAT), the current study also examined job autonomy and supervisor support as interactive effects on emotional intelligence—employee creativity relationship. The study was conducted on 233 employees working at different positions, in two financial sector organizations. Using random sampling approach, data were taken on standard questionnaire from employees of the organizations of the study. Correlations and regression analyses revealed that the trait-based emotional intelligence has positive and significant influence on employee creativity. Moderated regression analysis showed that both job autonomy and supervisor support strengthened the emotional intelligence—employee creativity relationship. The implications of the study have been explicated in the research.
Comparison of lipids and lipid metabolism in a human glioma cell line, its clone, and oligodendroglia.

The human glioma cell line D-54 MG and one of its single-cell-derived clones exhibit some properties of oligodendroglia, including surface antigens, enzymatic activity, and absence of markers for astrocytes. The glioma cells were further examined for glycolipids characteristic of oligodendroglia. The glioma cells had only about 2% of the total lipids as galactolipids while oligodendroglia have 10%. Incorporation studies showed only 25% of the incorporation of galactose into galactolipids as found in oligodendroglia. Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylinositol appeared to be increased. Several phospholipids exhibited high levels of incorporation of substrates, e.g., phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol. The ganglioside patterns were much less complex for the glioma cells. Thus, the glioma cells have greatly decreased amounts of glycolipids when compared to oligodendroglia. This finding is consistent with the theory that the loss of glycolipids on the cell surface may lead to the loss of regulation of contact inhibition.
Inflation Conservatism and Monetary-Fiscal Policy Interactions

This paper investigates the stabilization bias that arises in a model of monetary and fiscal policy stabilization of the economy, when assuming that the monetary authority put higher weight on inflation stabilization than society. We demonstrate that inflation-conservatism unambiguously leads to social welfare losses if the fiscal authority acts strategically. Although the precise form of monetary-fiscal interactions depends on the choice of fiscal instrument and on the level of steady state debt, the assessment of gains is robust to these assumptions. We also study how the outcome of stabilization depends on the leadership structure. We develop an algorithm that computes leadership equilibria in much wider spectrum of problems with strategic agents in LQ RE models.
Misleading Health-Related Information Promoted Through Video-Based Social Media: Anorexia on YouTube

Introduction The amount of information being uploaded onto social video platforms, such as YouTube, Vimeo, and Veoh, continues to spiral, making it increasingly difficult to discern reliable health information from misleading content. There are thousands of YouTube videos promoting misleading information about anorexia (eg, anorexia as a healthy lifestyle). Objective The aim of this study was to investigate anorexia-related misinformation disseminated through YouTube videos. Methods We retrieved YouTube videos related to anorexia using the keywords anorexia, anorexia nervosa, proana, and thinspo on October 10, 2011.Three doctors reviewed 140 videos with approximately 11 hours of video content, classifying them as informative, pro-anorexia, or others. By informative we mean content describing the health consequences of anorexia and advice on how to recover from it; by pro-anorexia we mean videos promoting anorexia as a fashion, a source of beauty, and that share tips and methods for becoming and remaining anorexic. The 40 most-viewed videos (20 informative and 20 pro-anorexia videos) were assessed to gauge viewer behavior. Results The interrater agreement of classification was moderate (Fleiss’ kappa=0.5), with 29.3% (n=41) being rated as pro-anorexia, 55.7% (n=78) as informative, and 15.0% (n=21) as others. Pro-anorexia videos were favored 3 times more than informative videos (odds ratio [OR] 3.3, 95% CI 3.3-3.4, P<.001). Conclusions Pro-anorexia information was identified in 29.3% of anorexia-related videos. Pro-anorexia videos are less common than informative videos; however, in proportional terms, pro-anorexia content is more highly favored and rated by its viewers. Efforts should focus on raising awareness, particularly among teenagers, about the trustworthiness of online information about beauty and healthy lifestyles. Health authorities producing videos to combat anorexia should consider involving celebrities and models to reach a wider audience. More research is needed to study the characteristics of pro-anorexia videos in order to develop algorithms that will automatically detect and filter those videos before they become popular.
An Evidence-Based Review of Fat Modifying Supplemental Weight Loss Products

Objective. To review the literature on fat modifying dietary supplements commonly used for weight loss. Methods. Recently published randomized, placebo-controlled trials were identified in PubMed, MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar using the search terms dietary supplement, herbal, weight loss, obesity, and individual supplement names. Discussion. Data for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), Garcinia cambogia, chitosan, pyruvate, Irvingia gabonensis, and chia seed for weight loss were identified. CLA, chitosan, pyruvate, and Irvingia gabonensis appeared to be effective in weight loss via fat modifying mechanisms. However, the data on the use of these products is limited. Conclusion. Many obese people use dietary supplements for weight loss. To date, there is little clinical evidence to support their use. More data is necessary to determine the efficacy and safety of these supplements. Healthcare providers should assist patients in weighing the risks and benefits of dietary supplement use for weight loss.
COLINA: A Method for Ranking SPARQL Query Results through Content and Link Analysis

The growing amount of Linked Data increases the importance of semantic search engines for retrieving information. Users often examine the first few results among all returned results. Therefore, using an appropriate ranking algorithm has a great effect on user satisfaction. To the best of our knowledge, all previous methods for ranking SPARQL query results are based on popularity calculation and currently there isn't any method for calculating the relevance of results with SPARQL query. However, the proposed ranking method of this paper calculates both relevancy and popularity ranks for SPARQL query results through content and link analysis respectively. It calculates the popularity rank by generalizing PageRank method on a graph with two layers, data sources and semantic documents. It also assigns weights automatically to different semantic links. Further, the relevancy rank is based on the relevance of semantic documents with SPARQL query.
Predictive Reward Signal of Dopamine Neurons

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , September 14, 2011; 31 (37): 13157-13167. J. Neurosci. Karin Foerde and Daphna Shohamy Feedback Timing Modulates Brain Systems for Learning in Humans [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , September 20, 2011; 108 (38): 16044-16049. PNAS Nadège Bault, Mateus Joffily, Aldo Rustichini and Giorgio Coricelli decision process Medial prefrontal cortex and striatum mediate the influence of social comparison on the [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , September 22, 2011; . Cereb. Cortex T. Aubele and M. F. Kritzer Extracellular Dopamine Level Area and Effects of Gonadectomy and Hormone Replacement on Glutamate-Stimulated Cognate Intracellular Receptors in Medial Prefrontal Projections to the Ventral Tegmental Androgen Influence on Prefrontal Dopamine Systems in Adult Male Rats: Localization of [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , October , 2011; 6 (5): 537-547. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci and Jordan Grafman Maren Strenziok, Frank Krueger, Gopikrishna Deshpande, Rhoshel K. Lenroot, Elke van der Meer Fronto-parietal regulation of media violence exposure in adolescents: a multi-method study [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , October , 2011; 6 (5): 646-652. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci Luke D. Smillie, Andrew J. Cooper and Alan D. Pickering negativity error: extraversion and feedback-related − prediction − Individual differences in reward
General constructions of deterministic (S)RIP matrices for compressive sampling

Compressive sampling is a technique of recovering sparse N-dimensional signals from low-dimensional sketches, i.e., their linear images in ℝm, m ≪ N. The main question associated with this technique is construction of linear operators that allow faithful recovery of the signal from its sketch. The most frequently used sufficient condition for robust recovery is the near-isometry property of the operator when restricted to k-sparse signals. We study ±1-matrices of dimensions m × N that satisfy the restricted isometry property of order k (k-RIP). As our main set of results, we describe a general method of constructing sampling matrices for which a statistical version of k-RIP holds. We also show that m×N matrices with k-RIP and m = O(k2 logN) can be constructed with time complexity O(k2N logN).
Stack the Deck: An Intervention for Regulating Verbal Participation in Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Stack the Deck: An Intervention for Regulating Verbal Participation in Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder Katherine Ensign Montgomery Department of Counseling Psychology and Special Education, BYU Master of Science Some students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) struggle with social reciprocity, or the ability to engage in chains of back-and-forth conversation, interfering with other students’ ability to respond to a question that is posed by the teacher in classrooms. The participants were 11 fifth grade students with autism spectrum disorder. We used a simple differential reinforcement intervention within a token system in direct instruction sessions for math to help balance the participation in a class of children with ASD as well as lower the number of talk-outs made by all students. Using a single-subject design, data were analyzed for changes in level, trend, and variability. Secondary analysis consisted of descriptive data and effect size calculations, including analysis of three subgroupings of students according to participation levels at baseline. Results show that students who previously had excessively high rates of participation were able to better balance their participation to allow other students the opportunity to participate. The intervention also increased participation from students who previously showed minimal rates of participation. Students whose participation levels were already within one standard deviation of the class mean maintained their balanced participation levels, on average, throughout the intervention. Lastly, the intervention was very effective in lowering the number of talk-outs made overall during the direct instruction period. This is a simple intervention that showed good results in a classroom setting to help students with autism regulate their participation during instruction.
Factors associated with poor control of 9/11-related asthma 10–11 years after the 2001 World Trade Center terrorist attacks

Abstract Objective: To identify key factors associated with poor asthma control among adults in the World Trade Center (WTC) Health Registry, a longitudinal study of rescue/recovery workers and community members who were directly exposed to the 2001 WTC terrorist attacks and their aftermath. Methods: We studied incident asthma diagnosed by a physician from 12 September 2001 through 31 December 2003 among participants aged ≥18 on 11 September 2001, as reported on an enrollment (2003–2004) or follow-up questionnaire. Based on modified National Asthma Education and Prevention Program criteria, asthma was considered controlled, poorly-controlled, or very poorly-controlled at the time of a 2011–2012 follow-up questionnaire. Probable post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and generalized anxiety disorder were defined using validated scales. Self-reported gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were obtained from questionnaire responses. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with poor or very poor asthma control. Results: Among 2445 participants, 33.7% had poorly-controlled symptoms and 34.6% had very poorly-controlled symptoms in 2011–2012. Accounting for factors including age, education, body mass index, and smoking, there was a dose–response relationship between the number of mental health conditions and poorer asthma control. Participants with three mental health conditions had five times the odds of poor control and 13 times the odds of very poor control compared to participants without mental health comorbidities. GERS and OSA were significantly associated with poor or very poor control. Conclusions: Rates of poor asthma control were very high in this group with post-9/11 diagnosed asthma. Comprehensive care of 9/11-related asthma should include management of mental and physical health comorbidities.
Evaluation of Iron deficiency anemia and BMI in children suffering from Helicobacter pylori infection

Background Recent studies suggest an association between H. pylori infection and disorders such as iron deficiency anemia and growth delay. Considering the high prevalence of H. pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia, this study was performed in order to evaluate their relevance in children undergoing an upper endoscopy. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, children aged 2 to 16 years old, undergoing endoscopy from March 2012 to March 2013 at Besat Hospital of Hamedan, were selected. Participants were divided in H.Pylori infected and non-infected groups. Then the two groups were compared in terms of body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of iron deficiency anemia. The presence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children was confirmed by Giemsa staining of gastric biopsy specimens. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and t-test and chi-square. Results In this study, 200 children (94 male and 106 female) were evaluated. The most common presenting symptom in both groups was abdominal pain. 8.2 % (9 cases) of the infected patients and 10.5% (10 cases) of the non-infected patients had iron deficiency anemia which this difference was not statistically significant (p=270). Also, no statistically significant difference was noted between the two groups in terms of gender (p=0.32), hemoglobin (p=0.35), Ferritin levels (p= 0.275) and body mass index (p= 0.273). Conclusion The results of this study not showed an association between H. pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia or body mass index in studied children