Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Esteem and Perceived Regard: How I See Myself Affects My Relationship Satisfaction

The authors explored the relations among self-esteem, perceived regard, and satisfaction in dating relationships. On the basis of the dependency regulation model (T. DeHart, B. Pelham, & S. Murray, 2004), the authors hypothesized that self-esteem would influence individuals' self-perceptions and views of how their partners perceive them (metaperception). They also hypothesized that perceived regard (self-perception minus metaperception) would predict relationship satisfaction. Regression analyses indicated that for moderate relationship-relevant traits (i.e., caring, loving), high self-esteem was associated with self-enhancement (idealization), whereas low self-esteem was associated with self-deprecation. For low relationship-relevant traits (i.e., quiet, reserved), both low and high self-esteem individuals self-enhanced. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that self-esteem and perceived regard for moderate relationship-relevant traits predicted satisfaction. The authors discuss the implications of idealization, self-verification, and self-deprecation for the perceivers and their relationships.
Co-operation between venture capital companies and small firms

What are die characteristics of good co-operation between an entrepreneur and a venture capitalist? In diis study the aim is to describe and analyse the relations between small firms owned by venture capital companies and venture capital companies in Sweden. The venture capital companies could be classified in four configurations; operations-oriented, consultancy-oriented, structure-oriented and mentor-oriented companies. The configurations reflect two dimensions in the co-operation, namely the character of operational work and the intensity of interaction. The results show among other diing that those configurations which worked ‘actively’ with their portfolio firms appear to provide resources to a greater extent man the more ‘passive’ companies. Furthermore, ‘continuous’ interaction between the entrepreneur and the venture capitalist seems to be important for the result of the portfolio firm.
Motor and cognitive outcome after specific early lesions of the brain – a systematic review

The aim of this systematic review was to study motor and cognitive outcome in infants with severe early brain lesions and to evaluate effects of side of the lesion, sex, and social economic status on outcome. A literature search was performed using the databases Pubmed and Embase. Included studies involved infants with either cystic periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL), preterm, or term stroke (i.e. parenchymal lesion of the brain). Outcome was expressed as cerebral palsy (CP) and intellectual disability (mental retardation). Median prevalence rates of CP after cPVL, preterm, and term stroke were 86%, 71%, and 29% respectively; of intellectual disability 50%, 27%, and 33%. Most infants with cPVL developed bilateral CP, those with term stroke unilateral CP, whereas after preterm stroke bilateral and unilateral CP occurred equally often. Information on the effects of sex and social economic status on outcome after specific brain lesions was very limited. Our findings show that the risk for CP is high after cPVL, moderate after preterm stroke, and lowest after term stroke. The risk for intellectual disability after an early brain lesion is lower than that for CP. Predicting outcome at individual level remains difficult; new imaging techniques may improve predicting developmental trajectories.
Segmented trends and the stochastic properties of UK output

This letter confirms that annual UK output suffers a break in trend in 1918 as suggested by Duck (1992). It then goes on to show that a segmented trend model with two breaks, in 1918 and 1921, with trend growth of approximately 2% and 2.25% per annum before and after these breaks, and with a cyclical component having a period of approximately 8 years, provides an excellent fit to the series.
Impact of surgical case order on perioperative outcomes for robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy

Objectives: Since its introduction, there have been many refinements in the technique and implementation of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). However, it is unclear whether operative outcomes are influenced by surgical case order. We evaluated the effect of case order on perioperative outcomes for RARP within a large health maintenance organization. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of RARP cases performed at our institution from September 2008 to December 2010 using a single robotic platform. Case order was determined from surgical schedules each day and surgeries were grouped into 1st, 2nd and 3rd round cases. Fourth round cases (n = 1) were excluded from analysis. We compared clinicopathological variables including operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), surgical margin rates and complication rates between groups. Results: Of the 1018 RARP cases in this cohort, 476 (47%) were performed as 1st round cases, 398 (39%) 2nd round cases and 144 (14%) 3rd round cases by a total of 18 surgeons. Mean operative time was shorter as cases were performed later in the day (213 min vs. 209 min vs. 180 min, P < 0.0001) and similarly, EBL also decreased with surgical order (136 mL vs. 134 mL vs. 103 mL, P = 0.01). Transfusion rates, surgical margin rates and complication rates did not significantly differ between groups. Patients undergoing RARP later in the day were much more likely to have a hospital stay of 2 or more days than earlier cases (10% vs. 11% vs. 32%, P = 0.01). Conclusions: Surgical case order may influence perioperative outcomes for RARP with decreased operative times and increased length of hospital stay associated with later cases. These findings indicate that select perioperative factors may improve with ascending case order as the surgical team “warms up” during the day. In addition, 3rd round cases can increase hospital costs associated with increased lengths of hospital stay. Knowledge of these differences may assist in surgical planning to improve outcomes and limit costs.
Bismuth Telluride and Its Alloys as Materials for Thermoelectric Generation

Bismuth telluride and its alloys are widely used as materials for thermoelectric refrigeration. They are also the best materials for use in thermoelectric generators when the temperature of the heat source is moderate. The dimensionless figure of merit, ZT, usually rises with temperature, as long as there is only one type of charge carrier. Eventually, though, minority carrier conduction becomes significant and ZT decreases above a certain temperature. There is also the possibility of chemical decomposition due to the vaporization of tellurium. Here we discuss the likely temperature dependence of the thermoelectric parameters and the means by which the composition may be optimized for applications above room temperature. The results of these theoretical predictions are compared with the observed properties of bismuth telluride-based thermoelements at elevated temperatures. Compositional changes are suggested for materials that are destined for generator modules.
Fuelwood revisited: what has changed in the last decade?

The impact of woodfuel collection on forests has been controversial and its role in rural livelihoods and deforestation the subject of considerable debate. This study reviews the main dimensions of this discourse and the resulting responses from the forestry sector. It assesses new information that has come to light over the past decade, looking at national and global trends in woodfuel production and use and the evolution of patterns of urban and rural demand and supply. It examines livelihood and environmental dimensions of relevance to forestry and outlines some of the main issues that warrant additional attention. It is thus intended more as a foundation for further discussion, rather than being a set of prescriptions for action by forestry, though where these are evident they are identified.
Hedonic Imputation and the Price Index Problem: An Application to Housing

"In this study, we show how use of the hedonic imputation method complicates the price index problem. In addition to the usual choice between formulas such as Fisher and Tornqvist, the fact that index compilers have some discretion over which prices are imputed implies that it is necessary to choose as well between different varieties of each formula. The functional form of the hedonic model must also be taken into account. We illustrate the importance of these issues in a housing context using house price data for three regions in Sydney over a 3-yr period. "("JEL "C43, E31, O47, R31) Copyright (c) 2008 Western Economic Association International.
Accounting Conservatism and Managerial Risk-Taking: Corporate Acquisitions

Watts (2003) and Ball and Shivakumar (2005) argue that accounting conservatism decreases managerial incentives to make negative net present value investments. I develop and test a new hypothesis that accounting conservatism is associated with managers making less risky investments. I find that under more conservative accounting managers make less risky acquisitions and that firms with accounting-based debt covenants drive this association. This result is consistent with conservative firms avoiding risky investments because of the potential for large losses to trigger debt covenants. Conservatism reducing risk-shifting can in part explain debt holders׳ demand for conservative accounting.
Global history and current distribution of classical and African swine fever

Copyright: © 2013. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS OpenJournals. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License. The histories of the two swine fevers in southern Africa differ widely. Classical swine fever (hog cholera) has been known in the northern hemisphere since 1830 and it is probable that early cases of ‘swine fever’ in European settlers’ pigs in southern Africa were accepted to be that disease. It was only in 1921 that the first description of African swine fever as an entity different from classical swine fever was published after the disease had been studied in settlers’ pigs in Kenya. Shortly after that, reports of African swine fever in settlers’ pigs emerged from South Africa and Angola. In South Africa, the report related to pigs in the north-eastern part of the country. Previously (in 1905 or earlier) a disease assumed to be classical swine fever caused high mortality among pigs in the Western Cape and was only eradicated in 1918. African swine fever was found over the following years to be endemic in most southern African countries. Classical swine fever, however, apart from an introduction with subsequent endemic establishment in Madagascar and a number of introductions into Mauritius, the last one in 2000, had apparently remained absent from the region until it was diagnosed in the Western and subsequently the Eastern Cape of South Africa in 2005. It was eradicated by 2007. The history of these diseases in the southern African region demonstrates their importance and their potential for spread over long distances, emphasising the need for improved management of both diseases wherever they occur.
The use of Transactional Analysis in Secondary Education: A Case Study

This paper presents the findings of a case study on the use of Transactional Analysis (TA) in schools in England. The paper gives a brief overview of TA and its relevance to secondary education – for pupils, teachers and school improvement. TA is a field of psychology that looks at the ‘transactions’ that go on between people when they communicate. Self-awareness and understanding of others enables individuals and groups to develop effective and powerful communication and a better climate in the workplace. This paper goes on to present the findings of the case study on teaching TA to children and young people from 11 – 25 and their teachers. We have found that children, young people and teachers with TA skills have better self-awareness, increased understanding of others and as a consequence better relationships and can demonstrate impact on attendance, attainment, personal and professional lives and school climate overall. We conclude with recommendations for practice.
Determinants of Environmental Expenditure and Investment: Evidence from Sweden

This paper provides new evidence on the determinants of environmental expenditure and investment. Also, by employing the Heckman selection models, we study how environmental expenditure and investment by Swedish industrial firms responded to the national and international policies directed to mitigate air pollution during the period 1999 through 2008. We find that firms that use carbon intensive fuels such as oil and gas are more likely to spend to and invest in the environment. Larger, more profitable and more energy intensive firms are more likely to incur environmental expenditure/investment. Overall, an important finding of our econometric analysis is that environmental regulation both on the national and international levels are highly relevant motivations for environmental expenditure and investment.
Volatility in currency markets

Restates the importance of asset volatility forecasts for option pricing and portfolio management and outlines previous research on forecasting models. Discusses the relative information content and predictive power of implied and historical volatility and the existence of overreaction in option markets. Analyses 1989‐1997 daily exchange rate data for six currencies to examine this. Presents the results, which suggest that implied volatility has more information than volatility based on past prices; and is better than GARCH‐based or historic volatility forecasts for horizons up to three months; but can be a biased predictor of future realized volatility. Finds limited evidence that long term volatilities in option prices overreact to short term volatilities.
Effect of a xenograft on early bone formation in extraction sockets: an experimental study in dog.

AIM The aim of this study was to study the effect on early bone formation resulting from the placement of a xenograft in the fresh extraction socket in dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five beagle dogs were used. The distal roots of the third and fourth mandibular premolars were removed. In one quadrant, a graft consisting of Bio-Oss Collagen was placed in the fresh extraction wound, while the corresponding premolar sites in the contra-lateral jaw quadrant were left non-grafted. After 2 weeks of healing, the dogs were perfused with a fixative, the mandibles removed, the experimental sites dissected, demineralized, sectioned in the mesio-distal plane and stained in hematoxyline-eosine. RESULTS The central portion of the non-grafted sockets was occupied by a provisional matrix comprised of densely packed connective tissue fibers and mesenchymal cells. Apical and lateral to the provisional matrix, newly formed woven bone was found to occupy most of the sockets. In the apical part of the grafted sockets, no particles of the xenograft could be observed but newly formed bone was present in this portion of the experimental site. In addition, limited numbers of woven bone trabeculae occurred along the lateral socket walls. The central and marginal segments of the grafted sockets, however, were occupied by a non-mineralized connective tissue that enclosed Bio-Oss particles that frequently were coated by multinucleated cells. CONCLUSIONS The placement of Bio-Oss Collagen in the fresh extraction wound obviously delayed socket healing. Thus, after 2 weeks of tissue repair, only minute amounts of newly formed bone occurred in the apical and lateral borders of the grafted sockets, while large amounts of woven bone had formed in most parts of the non-grafted sites.
What catalyses mobile apps usage intention: an empirical analysis

– Considering the lack of understanding of the mobile applications (mobile apps) market and low usage rates among Malaysians, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) was adapted to investigate the determinants of consumer behavioural intention (BI) to use mobile apps. , – A total of 288 sample data was collected and analysed using partial least square equation modelling (PLS-SEM) method. , – All of UTAUT2 constructs (i.e. performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, and habit), except for price value and social influence, significantly relate with BI to use mobile applications. Habit was reported to have the strongest influence. Gender and educational level were found to be insignificant moderators. , – Mobile application developers could have better understanding on users’ needs and intention, based on the findings. , – In order to shed light on current problems, and there is a dearth in relevant studies which could resolve the issue, this paper contributes the necessary knowledge on mobile apps acceptance to developers. Educational level was added into UTAUT2 as a moderator in addition to gender.
Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Controls Developmental Timing and Regulates the Rate and Coordination of Tissue-Specific Metamorphosis in Xenopus tropicalis

Thyroid hormone (T3) receptors (TRs) mediate the effects of T3 on organ metabolism and animal development. There are two TR genes, TRα and TRβ, in all vertebrates. During animal development, TRα expression is activated earlier than zygotic T3 synthesis and secretion into the plasma, implicating a developmental role of TRα both in the presence and absence of T3. Using T3-dependent amphibian metamorphosis as a model, we previously proposed a dual-function model for TRs, in particular TRα, during development. That is, unliganded TR represses the expression of T3-inducible genes during premetamorphosis to ensure proper animal growth and prevent premature metamorphosis, whereas during metamorphosis, liganded TR activates target gene transcription to promote the transformation of the tadpole into a frog. To determine if TRα has such a dual function, we generated homozygous TRα-knockout animal lines. We show that, indeed, TRα knockout affects both premetamorphic animal development and metamorphosis. Surprisingly, we observed that TRα is not essential for amphibian metamorphosis, given that homozygous knockout animals complete metamorphosis within a similar time period after fertilization as their wild-type siblings. On the other hand, the timing of metamorphosis for different organs is altered by the knockout; limb metamorphosis occurs earlier, whereas intestinal metamorphosis is completed later than in wild-type siblings. Thus, our studies have demonstrated a critical role of endogenous TRα, not only in regulating both the timing and rate of metamorphosis, but also in coordinating temporal metamorphosis of different organs.
Simulation model of an eyeball based on finite element analysis on a supercomputer

BACKGROUND/AIMS A simulation model of the human eye was developed. It was applied to the determination of the physical and mechanical conditions of impacting foreign bodies causing intraocular foreign body (IOFB) injuries. METHODS Modules of the Hypermesh (Altair Engineering, Tokyo, Japan) were used for solid modelling, geometric construction, and finite element mesh creation based on information obtained from cadaver eyes. The simulations were solved by a supercomputer using the finite element analysis (FEA) program pam-crash (Nihon ESI, Tokyo, Japan). It was assumed that rupture occurs at a strain of 18.0% in the cornea and 6.8% in the sclera and at a stress of 9.4 MPa for both cornea and sclera. Blunt-shaped missiles were shot and set to impact on the surface of the cornea or sclera at velocities of 30 and 60 m/s, respectively. RESULTS According to the simulation, the sizes of missile above which corneal rupture occurred at velocities of 30 and 60 m/s were 1.95 and 0.82 mm. The missile sizes causing scleral rupture were 0.95 and 0.75 mm at velocities of 30 and 60 m/s. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that this FEA model has potential usefulness as a simulation tool for ocular injury and it may provide useful information for developing protective measures against industrial and traffic ocular injuries.
The Evolution of Shareholder Activism in the United States*

In the early 1900's American financial institutions were active participants in U.S. corporate governance but the enactment of securities laws in the 1930's limited the power of financial intermediaries and thus their governance role. The consequence of such laws and regulations was a progressive widening of the gap between ownership and control in large U.S. public companies. In 1942, SEC rule changes allowed shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion on corporate ballots. Since that time, shareholder activists have used the proxy process, and other approaches, to pressure corporate boards and managers for change. In particular, during the mid-1980s, the involvement of large institutional shareholders increased dramatically with the advent of public pension fund activism. At the heart of shareholder activism is the quest for value, yet the empirical evidence suggests that effects of such activism are mixed. We review the evidence on activism and, while some studies have found positive short-term market reactions to announcements of certain kinds of activism, there is little evidence of improvement in the long-term operating or stock-market performance of the targeted companies. A recent increase in hedge fund activism appears to be associated with dramatic corporate change, however, the research in this area is still somewhat nascent and the long-term effects are still unknown.
Calculation of the Rate of Absorption of Exogenous Creatinine

Summary and Conclusions For an inert substance in diffusion equilibrium, the rate of absorption at any time is shown to be equal to the rate of excretion plus the product of the volume of distribution and the rate of change in the concentration of the substance in the plasma. Two solutions of this equation are described and are applied to the absorption of creatinine in 3 human beings.
Together? On Childcare as a Meeting Place in a Swedish City

The sweeping changes in Swedish society in the 1990s, with extensive decentralisation, privatisation and cutbacks in the public sector, implied quite new conditions for the realisation of the aim of pre-school and school as a meeting place for children from different backgrounds. This article discusses some of these changes and their implications, through a study of parent's choice of pre-school care facility in the city of Uppsala. The main data source is a survey study among 1584 mothers of children born in 1995. The results show that parents' use of the right to choose pre-school facility is economically, socially and culturally segregated; the patterns of choice are construed in relation to residential areas but are not a simple effect of housing segregation. The choice of pre-school facility in Uppsala is thus a practice that creates specific conditions--socially and culturally homogenous private pre-school facilities--that make it virtually impossible for them to achieve the goal of being meeting places.