Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A case for an integrated approach to the mediation of national literature: Translated Hebrew literature in the United States in the 1970s and 2000s

The last years have seen a rise in the study of translation as an ideologically-implicated activity within the context of power relations, as well as in translation research from a sociologically-oriented frame of reference. In this article, I will point to a methodological consideration which draws from both of these perspectives, and could be useful for the study of the ideological mediation of national literature through translation. My suggestion is to systematically integrate findings from relatively separate yet complementing discursive areas of culture, located in the publishing, journalistic and academic fields, in order to better grasp the scope and interrelatedness of the phenomena of ideological mediation. As a case study, I examine the mediation of Hebrew literature in the U.S. in the decade following the 1967 Six-Day War, and demonstrate a protective trend meant to create a less critical portrayal, literary and otherwise, of Israeli society and history for the (Jewish-)American audience. I then offer preliminary findings from a recent, quite opposite trend in the mediation of Hebrew literature in the U.S. in the 2000s.
New serum markers for the detection of severe acute pancreatitis in humans.

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process which occurs in a normal organ and which is diagnosed mainly by acute abdominal pain associated with a concomitant rise of serum amylase and lipase concentrations (1, 2). Gallstone migration into the common bile duct and alcohol abuse account for most of the etiologies of the disease. Usually the injury is mild, but 20% of the patients have a severe injury and, among them, 15 to 25% will die. Because it is important to predict the severity of the illness as early as possible in order to optimize the therapy and to prevent organ dysfunction and local complications, several scores of severity have been proposed. Criteria of severity, such as Ranson (3‐5), Glasgow (6), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) (7) scores have been used for a long time. These scores assess the multiple organ dysfunction induced by the disease and consequently, the greater the number of organs injured, the greater the score. New serum markers have recently emerged and their potential for providing additional information on the severity of the disease is currently being evaluated. However, to become useful such markers must be assessed in a large consecutive series of patients, including a significant proportion of severe cases, and the timing of the assessment must be related to the onset of the disease. Moreover, the usefulness of the new marker must be compared with established ones; the results must be reproducible; and the detection of the new marker must be easy to detect in clinical chemistry laboratories. Interestingly, when seeking medical attention (usually 12 to 24 h after the onset of pain) most patients do not exhibit multiple organ dysfunction, which is likely to emerge by the second or third day and, at admission, numerous mediators can be detected in serum. If the concentration of these biologic factors is correlated to the severity of the disease, and if they are detected before the occurrence of multiple organ dysfunction, it is then conceivable that the therapeutic antagonism of these mediators might prevent or attenuate the severity of the multiple organ dysfunction, and consequently the outcome of the disease. These new factors might be important for the rapid scoring of the disease severity in the acute phase and some of them might be used as potential therapeutic targets.
Somatic Membrane Potential and Kv1 Channels Control Spike Repolarization in Cortical Axon Collaterals and Presynaptic Boutons

The shape of action potentials invading presynaptic terminals, which can vary significantly from spike waveforms recorded at the soma, may critically influence the probability of synaptic neurotransmitter release. Revealing the conductances that determine spike shape in presynaptic boutons is important for understanding how changes in the electrochemical context in which a spike is generated, such as subthreshold depolarization spreading from the soma, can modulate synaptic strength. Utilizing recent improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio of voltage-sensitive dye imaging in mouse brain slices, we demonstrate that intracortical axon collaterals and en passant presynaptic terminals of layer 5 pyramidal cells exhibit a high density of Kv1 subunit-containing ion channels, which generate a slowly inactivating K+ current critically important for spike repolarization in these compartments. Blockade of the current by low doses of 4-aminopyridine or α-dendrotoxin dramatically slows the falling phase of action potentials in axon collaterals and presynaptic boutons. Furthermore, subthreshold depolarization of the soma broadened action potentials in collaterals bearing presynaptic boutons, an effect abolished by blocking Kv1 channels with α-dendrotoxin. These results indicate that action potential-induced synaptic transmission may operate through a mix of analog–digital transmission owing to the properties of Kv1 channels in axon collaterals and presynaptic boutons.
Trends in the prevalence of cerebral palsy in a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE To determine trends in the prevalence of congenital cerebral palsy (CP) over a 16-year period for 1-year survivors using a large, population-based surveillance program. METHODS We determined birth weight-specific trends in the prevalence of CP in live birth and 1-year survivor cohorts of children in a 5-county metropolitan Atlanta area for the periods from 1975-1977, 1981-1985, and 1986-1991. We ascertained children with CP in metropolitan Atlanta by record review as part of an ongoing developmental disability surveillance program conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Georgia Department of Human Resources. A total of 110, 262, and 443 cases of congenital CP were identified for the birth years 1975-1977, 1981-1985, and 1986-1991, respectively. Data were analyzed by birth weight, race, subtypes of CP, and whether the CP existed as an isolated disability or was accompanied by another disability. RESULTS There was a modest increase in the overall prevalence of congenital CP from 1.7 to 2.0 per 1000 1-year survivors during the period from 1975-1991. This trend was primarily attributable to a slight increase in CP in infants of normal birth weight--CP rates in moderately low and very low birth weight infants did not show consistent trends. There was an increase in the proportion of children who had CP and no other disabilities that was most apparent in infants of normal birth weight from 17% in 1975-1977 to 39% in 1986-1991. For children weighing <1500 g, the proportion of children with spastic diplegic CP increased over time (7% of cases in 1975-1977, 36% in 1985-1988, and 32% in 1986-1991). CONCLUSIONS In the only ongoing population-based study of CP in the United States, there has been a modest increase in the prevalence of CP in 1-year survivors born from 1975-1991. This increase however was seen only in infant survivors of normal birth weight. No change was seen in the trends in CP prevalence in low birth weight and very low birth weight infant based on infant survivors.
Finding the Stable Structures of N1-xWx with an Ab Initio High-Throughput Approach

Abstract : One of the major goals of electronic-structure calculations is the prediction of crystal structures as a function of composition [1 3]. Determining the possible configurations of a compound as a function of composition is the first step in determining its material properties at equilibrium. It is also likely that any pressure- or temperature-driven phase transitions will be from the equilibrium structure to another structure which is close to it in energy and composition. Such calculations are of particular interest when there is little known about the system theoretically. There are a variety of mechanisms for this: searching over a wide range of known [4] and likely [5] structures for the material in question, searches starting from randomly positioned atoms [6], and even structures predicted from apparently out of the blue [7]. In the end these techniques produce a set of metastable structures, all of which have zero force on the atoms in the crystal, zero stress, and no imaginary phonon modes. Some structures will be stable, that is, it is not energetically favorable for them to decompose into into other structures.
Communications in Mathematical Physics Low Density Phases in a Uniformly Charged Liquid

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the macroscopic behavior of global energy minimizers in the three-dimensional sharp interface unscreened Ohta–Kawasaki model of diblock copolymer melts. This model is also referred to as the nuclear liquid drop model in the studies of the structure of highly compressed nuclear matter found in the crust of neutron stars, and, more broadly, is a paradigm for energy-driven pattern forming systems inwhich spatial order arises as a result of the competition of short-range attractive and long-range repulsive forces. Herewe investigate the large volume behavior of minimizers in the low volume fraction regime, in which one expects the formation of a periodic lattice of small droplets of the minority phase in a sea of the majority phase. Under periodic boundary conditions, we prove that the considered energy -converges to an energy functional of the limit “homogenized”measure associated with theminority phase consisting of a local linear term and a non-local quadratic term mediated by the Coulomb kernel. As a consequence, asymptotically the mass of the minority phase in a minimizer spreads uniformly across the domain. Similarly, the energy spreads uniformly across the domain aswell, with the limit energy densityminimizing the energy of a single droplet per unit volume. Finally, we prove that in the macroscopic limit the connected components of the minimizers have volumes and diameters that are bounded above and below by universal constants, and that most of them converge to the minimizers of the energy divided by volume for the whole space problem.
Multi-stage programming for GPUs in C++ using PACXX

Writing and optimizing programs for high performance on systems with Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) remains a challenging task even for expert programmers. A promising optimization technique is multi-stage programming -- evaluating parts of the program upfront on the CPU and embedding the computed values in the GPU code, thus allowing for more aggressive compiler optimizations. Unfortunately, such optimizations are not possible in CUDA, whereas to apply them in OpenCL, programmers are forced to manipulate the GPU source code as plain strings, which is error-prone and type-unsafe. In this paper, we describe PACXX -- our approach to GPU programming in C++, with the convenient features of modern C++14 standard: type deduction, lambda expressions, and algorithms from the standard template library (STL). Using PACXX, a GPU program is written as a single C++ program, rather than two distinct host and kernel programs. We extend PACXX with an easy-to-use and type-safe API for multi-stage programming avoiding the pitfalls of string manipulation. Using just-in-time compilation techniques, PACXX generates efficient GPU code at runtime. Our evaluation shows that using PACXX allows for writing multi-stage code easier and safer than currently possible in CUDA or OpenCL. With two application studies we demonstrate that multi-stage programs can significantly outperform equivalent non-staged versions. Furthermore, we show that PACXX generates code with high performance, comparable to industrial-strength OpenCL compilers.
Dopamine D1 Receptor Immunoreactivity on Fine Processes of GFAP-Positive Astrocytes in the Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata of Adult Mouse

Substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), the major output nucleus of the basal ganglia, receives dopamine from dendrites extending from dopaminergic neurons of the adjacent nucleus pars compacta (SNc), which is known for its selective degeneration in Parkinson's disease. As a recipient for dendritically released dopamine, the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is a primary candidate due to its very dense immunoreactivity in the SNr. However, the precise location of D1R remains unclear at the cellular level in the SNr except for that reported on axons/axon terminals of presumably striatal GABAergic neurons. To address this, we used D1R promotor-controlled, mVenus-expressing transgenic mice. When cells were acutely dissociated from SNr of mouse brain, prominent mVenus fluorescence was detected in fine processes of glia-like cells, but no such fluorescence was detected from neurons in the same preparation, except for the synaptic bouton-like structure on the neurons. Double immunolabeling of SNr cells dissociated from adult wild-type mice brain further revealed marked D1R immunoreactivity in the processes of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes. Such D1R imunoreactivity was significantly stronger in the SNr astrocytes than that in those of the visual cortex in the same preparation. Interestingly, GFAP-positive astrocytes dissociated from the striatum demonstrated D1R immunoreactivity, either remarkable or minimal, similarly to that shown in neurons in this nucleus. In contrast, in the SNr and visual cortex, only weak D1R immunoreactivity was detected in the neurons tested. These results suggest that the SNr astrocyte may be a candidate recipient for dendritically released dopamine. Further study is required to fully elucidate the physiological roles of divergent dopamine receptor immunoreactivity profiles in GFAP-positive astrocytes.
Constrained state estimation for nonlinear discrete-time systems: stability and moving horizon approximations

State estimator design for a nonlinear discrete-time system is a challenging problem, further complicated when additional physical insight is available in the form of inequality constraints on the state variables and disturbances. One strategy for constrained state estimation is to employ online optimization using a moving horizon approximation. We propose a general theory for constrained moving horizon estimation. Sufficient conditions for asymptotic and bounded stability are established. We apply these results to develop a practical algorithm for constrained linear and nonlinear state estimation. Examples are used to illustrate the benefits of constrained state estimation. Our framework is deterministic.
Exploring the rhythmic segmentation of heard speech using evoked potentials

This study examines, via evoked potentials called closurepositive-shifts (CPSs), how listeners segment heard utterances on-line. The aim was to determine whether marks of rhythm groups in heard utterances can evoke CPSs independent of varying intonation and syntactic structures. Ten subjects were presented with sets of utterances bearing changing intonation and syntax and the results show that CPS is specifically evoked by marks of RGs.
Increasing Genre Awareness in Students in the First-year Composition Classroom at a Two-year College

This study investigates the use of the genre approach to teaching first-year composition in order to increase the genre awareness and transfer abilities of students. Previous research has shown that the genre approach is effective in teaching composition. However, the literature has focused mostly on using the approach with graduate students, L2 students, and workplace writing. This study addresses the effectiveness of the genre approach in a heretofore under-represented academic setting: the two-year college. This study is guided by three research questions: (1) Do students develop genre awareness and exhibit transfer potential to new writing situations by being taught with the genre approach? (2) Are there any differences in genre awareness and transfer abilities between a group of students receiving the genre approach and a group receiving a different pedagogical approach? (3) If there are differences, what are they? If not, why not? Through its application of teaching FYC with the genre approach in a setting which may have not received as much attention, this study extends the previous research done with the genre approach. I conducted this study using grounded theory to analyze the three reflective essays written by a group of students that received the genre approach and a group of students that received a different approach. The students in both groups wrote the reflective essays: one at the beginning, one in the middle, and one at the end of the semester. Using this data, I compared the essays within a group, for example the first essay to the third in the genre group. Additionally, I compared the essays between the groups, for example the third essay of the genre group with the third essay of the nongenre group. The findings from this study suggest that teaching composition with the genre approach is more effective in increasing genre awareness and transfer abilities than the more traditional pedagogy used in the other group. These findings support the previous research and extend it further into academics by showing its usefulness at the two-year college as well. These findings help raise further questions regarding the use of the genre approach in teaching FYC.
A Universal Variance Reduction-Based Catalyst for Nonconvex Low-Rank Matrix Recovery

We propose a generic framework based on a new stochastic variance-reduced gradient descent algorithm for accelerating nonconvex low-rank matrix recovery. Starting from an appropriate initial estimator, our proposed algorithm performs projected gradient descent based on a novel semi-stochastic gradient specifically designed for low-rank matrix recovery. Based upon the mild restricted strong convexity and smoothness conditions, we derive a projected notion of the restricted Lipschitz continuous gradient property, and prove that our algorithm enjoys linear convergence rate to the unknown low-rank matrix with an improved computational complexity. Moreover, our algorithm can be employed to both noiseless and noisy observations, where the optimal sample complexity and the minimax optimal statistical rate can be attained respectively. We further illustrate the superiority of our generic framework through several specific examples, both theoretically and experimentally.
Roles of GRK and PDE4 Activities in the Regulation of β2 Adrenergic Signaling

An important focus in cell biology is understanding how different feedback mechanisms regulate G protein–coupled receptor systems. Toward this end we investigated the regulation of endogenous β2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) by measuring cAMP signals in single HEK-293 cells. We monitored cAMP signals using genetically encoded cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. This high resolution approach allowed us to make several observations. (a) Exposure of cells to 1 μM isoproterenol triggered transient increases in cAMP levels near the plasma membrane. Pretreatment of cells with 10 μM rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor, prevented the decline in the isoproterenol-induced cAMP signals. (b) 1 μM isoproterenol triggered a sustained, twofold increase in phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) activity. (c) The decline in isoproterenol-dependent cAMP levels was not significantly altered by including 20 nM PKI, a PKA inhibitor, or 3 μM 59-74E, a GRK inhibitor, in the pipette solution; however, the decline in the cAMP levels was prevented when both PKI and 59-74E were included in the pipette solution. (d) After an initial 5-min stimulation with isoproterenol and a 5-min washout, little or no recovery of the signal was observed during a second 5-min stimulation with isoproterenol. (e) The amplitude of the signal in response to the second isoproterenol stimulation was not altered when PKI was included in the pipette solution, but was significantly increased when 59-74E was included. Taken together, these data indicate that either GRK-mediated desensitization of β2ARs or PKA-mediated stimulation of PDE4 activity is sufficient to cause declines in cAMP signals. In addition, the data indicate that GRK-mediated desensitization is primarily responsible for a sustained suppression of β2AR signaling. To better understand the interplay between receptor desensitization and PDE4 activity in controlling cAMP signals, we developed a mathematical model of this system. Simulations of cAMP signals using this model are consistent with the experimental data and demonstrate the importance of receptor levels, receptor desensitization, basal adenylyl cyclase activity, and regulation of PDE activity in controlling cAMP signals, and hence, on the overall sensitivity of the system.
Decentralized Baseband Processing for Massive MU-MIMO Systems

Achieving high spectral efficiency in realistic massive multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems requires computationally complex algorithms for data detection in the uplink (users transmit to base-station) and beamforming in the downlink (base-station transmits to user). Most existing algorithms are designed to be executed on centralized computing hardware at the base-station (BS), which results in prohibitive complexity for systems with hundreds or thousands of antennas and generates raw baseband data rates that exceed the limits of current interconnect technology and chip I/O interfaces. This paper proposes a novel decentralized baseband processing architecture that alleviates these bottlenecks by partitioning the BS antenna array into clusters, each associated with independent radio-frequency chains, analog and digital modulation circuitry, and computing hardware. For this architecture, we develop novel decentralized data detection and beamforming algorithms that only access local channel-state information and require low communication bandwidth among the clusters. We study the associated tradeoffs between error-rate performance, computational complexity, and interconnect bandwidth, and we demonstrate the scalability of our solutions for massive MU-MIMO systems with thousands of BS antennas using reference implementations on a graphics processing unit (GPU) cluster.
Peer-to-Peer Mobility Management for all-IP Networks

With the increasing number of wireless devices, the importance of mobility management in future mobile networks is growing. Traditional mobility management approaches are based on client/server paradigms, and suffer from their well-known shortcomings (single point of failure, congestion, bottlenecks). With the success of P2P for file sharing applications, we believe that its benefits can be brought into new mobility management schemes to improve their scalability, robustness, availability, and performance. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is a first attempt to examine the potential of P2P concepts for mobility management. We perform experiments to quantify the performance of the proposed scheme, and compare it to traditional approaches such as Mobile IP.