Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of focal anterior and posterior brain lesions on verbal fluency

Seventy-four patients with focal brain lesions were compared to a neurologically normal control group on tasks of letter-based and category-based list generation. When patients were divided only by right frontal, left frontal, or nonfrontal lesion sites, the pattern of fluency impairments confirmed prior claims. When more precise lesion sites within the frontal lobes were compared between groups classified based on their fluency performance, much more specific brain–behavior relations were uncovered. Damage to the right dorsolateral cortical or connecting striatal regions, the right posterior area, or the medial inferior frontal lobe of either hemisphere did not significantly affect letter-based fluency performance. Superior medial frontal damage, right or left, resulted in moderate impairment. Patients with left dorsolateral and/or striatal lesions were most impaired. Left parietal damage led to performance relatively equivalent to the superior medial and left dorsolateral groups. The same lesion sites produced impairments in category based fluency, but so did lesions of right dorsolateral and inferior medial regions. Task analysis and correlations with other measures revealed that different cognitive processes related to different brain regions underlie performance on verbal fluency tests. (JINS, 1998, 4, 265–278.)
The Prevalence and Gratification of Nude Self-Presentation of Men Who Have Sex with Men in Online-Dating Environments: Attracting Attention, Empowerment, and Self-Verification

This study builds on research about the importance of body presentation among men who have sex with men (MSM) by exploring the phenomenon of nude body presentation in online dating environments. In a quantitative survey of N = 9,235 MSM users of a gay online dating site (ODS) in Germany, the prevalence of nude pictures and gratifications sought while displaying them were investigated. About two-thirds of the participants declared that they use nude pictures in their dating profiles, with only small differences in prevalence between members of different ages, education levels, and sexual orientation. Furthermore, the results indicate that the use of nudity is driven by three underlying gratifications: (1) Attracting attention, meaning that nudity is used to accelerate sexual outcomes from online dating use; (2) empowerment, meaning that nudity online serves as an environment for otherwise and elsewhere inhibited forms of body presentation; and (3) self-verification, whereby nudity is used as a means of receiving affirmation from others. Regression analyses are used to investigate associations of these gratifications with sociodemographics and online dating behavior. Findings are discussed in relation to earlier research on self-presentation as well as theories of body importance among gay men. While earlier research has mainly focused on the negative implications of body presentation (e.g., self-objectification; reinforcing standards of beauty), the findings of this study hint that ODS may provide a platform for acts of nude body presentation that are not possible elsewhere and are thus accompanied by empowerment and self-verification.
Revisiting Queney ’ s Flow Over a Mesoscale Ridge

The most familiar illustrations of downstream topographic waves are the streamline plots from the original linear wave studies of Queney (1947,1948). For steady flow past a twodimensional ridge, Queney’s downstream radiation patterns were obtained through approximations of the Fourier integral which describes the dispersion of linear gravity waves. In the case of constant stratification with rotation, a high-accuracy numerical quadrature of the Fourier integral reveals significant departures in the near-ridge streamfunction pattern from the original depictions (Queney 1948, Figure 3). For this regime of order-one Rossby number, several new analytical tools for understanding linear topographic waves have been developed: a highly accurate quadrature for computing the Fourier integral, and a steepest descent approximation which resolves the breakdown of Queney’s (1947) analysis aloft of the summit.
PRE-COLUMBIAN JADEITE AXES FROM ANTIGUA, WEST INDIES: DESCRIPTION AND POSSIBLE SOURCES

L'excavation de materiaux ornementaux et gemmes de sites d'anciens ateliers sur l'ile d'Antigua, dans les Antilles, a mene a des decouvertes d'eolithes (genre de hache) en jade, ou des fragments de ceux-ci. Tous sont faits de jade a jadeite (jadeitite), tout comme les objets de jade meso-americains. Les sites d'Antigua datent de la periode saladoide (ca. 250-500 AD), a peu pres equivalente a l'intervalle Classique precoce des cultures meso-americaines, et revelent l'utilisation d'objets de jade (eolithes decoratifs) dans un contexte bien developpe dans certaines cultures meso-americaines quelques 3100 km a l'ouest. Dix de ces artefacts en jade ont ete examines avec une demarche combinee d'etudes mineralogiques et petrographiques pour en determiner leurs contenu, et d'analyses des mineraux et de leurs textures, afin de les placer dans un contexte de sources possibles parmi les sources de jade a jadeite disponibles a l'echelle du globe. L'assemblage commun a six des artefacts etudies en lame mince polie contient jadeite, omphacite, albite, un mica de blanc a beige, quartz, zoisite ou clinozoisite et titanite, a l'exception d'un artefact depourvu d'albite et de quartz, et d'un autre depourvu de mica. Nous avons trouve l'allanite dans le noyau de cristaux de zoisite dans deux morceaux de jade, et la glaucophane et la lawsonite dans un echantillon chaque. Les quatre autres echantillons de jade, qui n'ont pas fait l'objet d'etudes aussi approfondies, semblent contenir des assemblages comparables. Ce qui est notable dans les objets de jade d'Antigua est le contexte textural du quartz, phase absente dans la jadeitite de la plupart des sources ailleurs. Le quartz existe soit comme phase secondaire dans la matrice autour des grains corrodes de jadeite (de petits grains d'omphacite decorant les bordures des grains de jadeite) ou en inclusions dans la jadeite associee aux plus petits domaines d'omphacite. En compaison avec la jadeitite d'environ douze endroits bien documentes a l'echelle du globe, seule la jadeitite provenant du sud de la zone de failles de Motagua au Guatemala contient regulierement l'assemblage approprie, y inclus le mica blanc et le quartz. De plus, la glaucophane et la lawsonite ont ete observees dans la jadeitite de cet endroit, et les textures sont aussi tres semblables. Toutefois, il y a des differences: la zoisite ou la clinozoisite et la paragonite sont absentes, et il y a des divergences en composition du pyroxene dans la jadeitite gualtemalteque du sud de la zone de failles de Motagua. Quoique le Guatemala serait un point d'origine raisonnable des objets de jade d'Antigua, la possibilite d'une source meconnue de materiaux semblables provenant d'un contexte geologique semblable (melange serpentinite-matrice) a Cuba, Hispaniola ou en Jamaique ne peut pas etre eliminee.
Engraftment of Insulin-Producing Cells from Porcine Islets in Non-Immune-Suppressed Rats or Nonhuman Primates Transplanted Previously with Embryonic Pig Pancreas

Transplantation therapy for diabetes is limited by unavailability of donor organs and outcomes complicated by immunosuppressive drug toxicity. Xenotransplantation is a strategy to overcome supply problems. Implantation of tissue obtained early during embryogenesis is a way to reduce transplant immunogenicity. Insulin-producing cells originating from embryonic pig pancreas obtained very early following pancreatic primordium formation (embryonic day 28 (E28)) engraft long-term in non-immune, suppressed diabetic rats or rhesus macaques. Morphologically, similar cells originating from adult porcine islets of Langerhans (islets) engraft in non-immune-suppressed rats or rhesus macaques previously transplanted with E28 pig pancreatic primordia. Our data are consistent with induction of tolerance to an endocrine cell component of porcine islets induced by previous transplantation of embryonic pig pancreas, a novel finding we designate organogenetic tolerance. The potential exists for its use to enable the use of pigs as islet cell donors for humans with no immune suppression requirement.
Theory of metamorphism of dry snow

The growth of ice particles in dry seasonal snow is caused by vapor diffusion among particles due to temperature gradients imposed on the snow cover. The diffusion is calculated by using the potential field solutions for electrostatically charged particles. The stereography of snow is represented by using a log-normal distribution function for a geometrical enhancement factor defined here. Reasonable crystal growth rates and supersaturations are found. The transition between the growth of highly faceted crystals and the growth of highly rounded crystals is determined by the critical supersaturation for the onset of dislocation aided growth. Thermal convection and the continuous movement of vapor around the particles due to the imposed temperature gradient are accommodated in the theory, although both have little effect relative to the interparticle diffusion. The growth of a layer of faceted crystals just below semi-permeable crusts is explained by showing that crusts can cause the local supersaturation to exceed the critical value. Faceted crystals are shown to grow most rapidly in the lower, warmer portions of the snow cover because of temperature effects on growth rate.
Three‐Dimensional Calculation of Scour Around Cylinders

The flow of water around a cylinder was calculated by a numerical model. The model used a finite‐volume method to solve the nontransient Navier‐Stokes equations for three dimensions on a general nonorthogonal grid. The k‐e turbulence model was used to solve the Reynolds‐stress term. The flow field gave the shear stress on the boundaries, which was used to calculate sediment concentration for the bed elements. The diffusion/convection equation for the sediment concentration was solved and continuity for the sediment concentration gave changes in the bed elevation. Using the modified bed, a new flow field was calculated, and also a new sediment concentration. This sequence was repeated until the depth of the calculated scour hole was identical to the depth of the scour hole from a physical model study. The rest of the geometry of the resulting scour hole compared well with the measured scour hole from the experimental study. Also other flow characteristics given by the numerical model were found to be in ag.
Biomarker-Guided Repurposing of Chemotherapeutic Drugs for Cancer Therapy: A Novel Strategy in Drug Development

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and matters are only set to worsen as its incidence continues to rise. Traditional approaches to combat cancer include improved prevention, early diagnosis, optimized surgery, development of novel drugs, and honing regimens of existing anti-cancer drugs. Although discovery and development of novel and effective anti-cancer drugs is a major research area, it is well known that oncology drug development is a lengthy process, extremely costly and with high attrition rates. Furthermore, those drugs that do make it through the drug development mill are often quite expensive, laden with severe side-effects and unfortunately, to date, have only demonstrated minimal increases in overall survival. Therefore, a strong interest has emerged to identify approved non-cancer drugs that possess anti-cancer activity, thus shortcutting the development process. This research strategy is commonly known as drug repurposing or drug repositioning and provides a faster path to the clinics. We have developed and implemented a modification of the standard drug repurposing strategy that we review here; rather than investigating target-promiscuous non-cancer drugs for possible anti-cancer activity, we focus on the discovery of novel cancer indications for already approved chemotherapeutic anti-cancer drugs. Clinical implementation of this strategy is normally commenced at clinical phase II trials and includes pre-treated patients. As the response rates to any non-standard chemotherapeutic drug will be relatively low in such a patient cohort it is a pre-requisite that such testing is based on predictive biomarkers. This review describes our strategy of biomarker-guided repurposing of chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer therapy, taking the repurposing of topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitors and Top1 as a potential predictive biomarker as case in point.
Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Body Mass Index Among Adult Nigerians

There is a long tradition of observational studies from developed societies linking overweight and obesity to low socioeconomic status (SES). The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between SES and obesity and determine whether variations in the body mass index (BMI) of adult Nigerians is influenced by their SES. The height and body weight of 1067 adults, aged 30 - 60 years were measured and their BMI was calculated. A structured questionnaire which assessed socioeconomic (SE) variables such as income, education and occupation was used to objectively classify the participants into the different SE strata. A pictorial self-rating SES ladder of nine rungs was employed to assess the participants’ SES and to test the validity of the questionnaire. A high correlation ® = 0.951, P < 0.01) was found between the two SES assessment tools. SE scores were found to be inversely related to weight ® = - 0.113, P < 0.01) and BMI ® = - 0.172, P < 0.01), respectively. There was a significant relationship (X2 = 32.853; p = 0.000) between BMI categories and SES. Individuals in the lower SES had higher rates of overweight (24.8%) and obesity (12.9%). There were significant differences in the weight (F = 8.407; p = 0.000) and BMI (F = 20.66; p= 0.000) across the different SE strata. An inverse relationship was found between SES and BMI. Individuals in the lower SE strata had a greater BMI and a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity. KEY WORDS: socioeconomic status, body mass index, overweight, obesity
State-dependent representation independence

Mitchell's notion of representation independence is a particularly useful application of Reynolds' relational parametricity -- two different implementations of an abstract data type can be shown contextually equivalent so long as there exists a relation between their type representations that is preserved by their operations. There have been a number of methods proposed for proving representation independence in various pure extensions of System F (where data abstraction is achieved through existential typing), as well as in Algol- or Java-like languages (where data abstraction is achieved through the use of local mutable state). However, none of these approaches addresses the interaction of existential type abstraction and local state. In particular, none allows one to prove representation independence results for generative ADTs -- i.e. ADTs that both maintain some local state and define abstract types whose internal representations are dependent on that local state. In this paper, we present a syntactic, logical-relations-based method for proving representation independence of generative ADTs in a language supporting polymorphic types, existential types, general recursive types, and unrestricted ML-style mutable references. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by using it to prove several interesting contextual equivalences that involve a close interaction between existential typing and local state, as well as some well-known equivalences from the literature (such as Pitts and Stark's "awkward" example) that have caused trouble for previous logical-relations-based methods. The success of our method relies on two key technical innovations. First, in order to handle generative ADTs, we develop a possible-worlds model in which relational interpretations of types are allowed to grow over time in a manner that is tightly coupled with changes to some local state. Second, we employ a step-indexed stratification of possible worlds, which facilitates a simplified account of mutable references of higher type.
Dynamic Pooling for the Combination of Forecasts generated using Multi Level Learning

In this paper we provide experimental results and extensions to our previous theoretical findings concerning the combination of forecasts that have been diversified by three different methods: with parameters learned at different data aggregation levels, by thick modeling and by the use of different forecasting methods. An approach of error variance based pooling as proposed by Aiolfi and Timmermann has been compared with flat combinations as well as an alternative pooling approach in which we consider information about the used diversification. An advantage of our approach is that it leads to the generation of novel multi step multi level forecast generation structures that carry out the combination in different steps of pooling corresponding to the different types of diversification. We describe different evolutionary approaches in order to evolve the order of pooling of the diversification dimensions. Extensions of such evolutions allow the generation of more flexible multi level multi step combination structures containing better adaptive capabilities. We could prove a significant error reduction comparing results of our generated combination structures with results generated with the algorithm of Aiolfi and Timmermann as well as with flat combination for the application of Revenue Management seasonal forecasting.
The pattern and significance of the calcifications of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma presented in preoperative neck ultrasonography

Purpose To analyze the incidence and patterns of calcification of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) on neck ultrasonography (NUS) and assess the clinical implications of calcification, especially for neck node metastasis. Methods The clinical data of 379 patients with PTMC who underwent thyroidectomy between January and December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. PTMC lesions were classified into four subgroups according to their calcification patterns on preoperative NUS: microcalcification, macrocalcification, rim calcification, and noncalcification. The clinicopathologic characteristics were compared between the patients with and without calcification, and among the four subgroups. Results Calcifications were detected on NUS in 203 patients (53.5%) and central neck node metastasis was observed in 119 patients (31.3%). Calcification was associated with larger tumor size (0.68 cm vs. 0.54 cm), higher rate of lymph node metastasis (38.6% vs. 23.2%) and higher lymph node ratio (0.11 vs. 0.06) compared to noncalcification (All P < 0.05). In addition, the extent of calcification correlated with lesion size (0.67 cm vs. 0.69 cm vs. 0.85 cm). Further, the likelihood of lymph node metastasis also correlated with the extent of calcification in the order of non-, micro- and macrocalcification (23.3%, 36.8%, and 44.1%, respectively). The calcification rate was higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than those without it (65.5% vs.47.7%) (All P < 0.05). Conclusion PTMC patients positive for calcification on NUS had a higher rate of lymph node metastasis, and a higher lymph node ratio compared to noncalcification patients. Calcification patterns should be assessed carefully in patients with PTMC by preoperative NUS.
Evaluation of Local Spatio-temporal Features for Action Recognition

Local space-time features have recently become a popular video representation for action recognition. Several methods for feature localization and description have been proposed in the literature and promising recognition results were demonstrated for a number of action classes. The comparison of existing methods, however, is often limited given the different experimental settings used. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare previously proposed space-time features in a common experimental setup. In particular, we consider four different feature detectors and six local feature descriptors and use a standard bag-of-features SVM approach for action recognition. We investigate the performance of these methods on a total of 25 action classes distributed over three datasets with varying difficulty. Among interesting conclusions, we demonstrate that regular sampling of space-time features consistently outperforms all tested space-time interest point detectors for human actions in realistic settings. We also demonstrate a consistent ranking for the majority of methods over different datasets and discuss their advantages and limitations.
On the occurrence of an unusual form of monazite in panned stream sediments in Wales

An unusual nodular form of monazite has been found to account for abnormally high levels of cerium in panned heavy mineral concentrates from stream sediments in several areas in Wales and pan of Exmoor. Textural features indicate a pre-metamorphic, diagenetic origin within Lower Palaeozoic shale or siltstone host-rocks but REE patterns show only minor variation, including relative enrichment in europium, from ‘average’ granitic monazite. The similarities between these occurrences, described for the first time from the British Isles, and those previously described from Brittany and elsewhere are discussed.
Intracystic papillary carcinoma of the breast in a 21-year old premenopausal Nigerian woman: a case report

We report the case of a 21-year-old Nigerian woman who presented to us with features of intracystic papillary carcinoma, a rare form of breast cancer usually seen in postmenopausal women in their sixth to eighth decades of life. To the best of our knowledge, there has been only one other case report of this lesion occurring in women in their second decade of life. Physical examination showed a well-defined mass, 54 mm in diameter, in the upper proximal quadrant of the right breast close to the areola, histologically composed of monotypic epithelial cells disposed in solid, cystic, and papillary patterns. A diagnosis of intracystic papillary carcinoma was made because of the presence of intracystic arborization of the fibrovascular stroma, a monotonous cell population, the presence of mitoses, and the lack of myoepithelial cells determined by immunohistochemistry using calponin and p63 stains. Estrogen receptor status was positive while progesterone status and HER-2-neu receptor status were negative. The patient has survived for 12 months without any sign of recurrence after the last surgical resection of the tumor.