Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NONEQUILIBRIUM ELECTRONS AND THE SUNYAEV–ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT OF GALAXY CLUSTERS

We present high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of three galaxy clusters employing a two-temperature model for the intracluster medium. We show that electron temperatures in cluster outskirts are significantly lower than the mean gas temperature, because Coulomb collisions are insufficient to keep electrons and ions in thermal equilibrium. This deviation is larger in more massive and less relaxed systems, ranging from 5% in relaxed clusters to 30% for clusters undergoing major mergers. The presence of nonequilibrium electrons leads to significant suppression of the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect (SZE) signal at large cluster-centric radius. The suppression of the electron pressure also leads to an underestimate of the hydrostatic mass. Merger-driven, internal shocks may also generate significant populations of nonequilibrium electrons in the cluster core, leading to a 5% bias on the integrated SZ mass proxy during cluster mergers.
Modeling Human Errors in Security Protocols

Many security protocols involve humans, not machines, as endpoints. The differences are critical: humans are not only computationally weaker than machines, they are naive, careless, and gullible. In this paper, we provide a model for formalizing and reasoning about these inherent human limitations and their consequences. Specifically, we formalize models of fallible humans in security protocols as multiset rewrite theories. We show how the Tamarin tool can then be used to automatically analyze security protocols involving human errors. We provide case studies of authentication protocols that show how different protocol constructions and features differ in their effectiveness with respect to different kinds of fallible humans. This provides a starting point for a fine-grained classification of security protocols from a usable-security perspective.
Error-monitoring in antisocial youth with and without callous unemotional traits: an event–related potential study

Antisocial behaviour is a subject of considerable clinical and research interest, especially when it is associated with psychopathy. This thesis aimed to explore the role of outcome monitoring and processing in such behaviour, by examining it in individuals with and without psychopathy. The literature review examined the evidence on psychopathic abnormalities in the processing of reward and punishment. The evidence was reviewed for: an emotional account of such processing; a cognitive/attentional account; and two neural accounts. A review of seventeen studies found evidence for both the emotional processing and cognitive/attentional accounts, and for one of the neural accounts. These three accounts are all compatible with one another, and so the evidence may indicate more than one abnormality in psychopathic reward and punishment processing. The empirical study tested the relations in young people between externalising/antisocial behaviour, psychopathic traits, and the error-related negativity – an event-related potential component related to error-monitoring. 34 antisocial/externalising and 39 control adolescents were tested using a combined flanker/Go/No-Go task. As predicted, the externalising group showed a reduced negativity after errors and, within the externalising group, psychopathic traits were associated with reduced negativity after errors. The critical appraisal noted the challenges of the research process, and considered the academic and clinical implications of the findings.
Dendritic-Tumor Fusion Cells Derived Heat Shock Protein70-Peptide Complex Has Enhanced Immunogenicity

Tumor-derived heat shock protein70-peptide complexes (HSP70.PC-Tu) have shown great promise in tumor immunotherapy due to numerous advantages. However, large-scale phase III clinical trials showed that the limited immunogenicity remained to be enhanced. In previous research, we demonstrated that heat shock protein 70-peptide complexes (HSP70.PC-Fc) derived from dendritic cell (DC)-tumor fusions exhibit enhanced immunogenicity compared with HSP70.PCs from tumor cells. However, the DCs used in our previous research were obtained from healthy donors and not from the patient population. In order to promote the clinical application of these complexes, HSP70.PC-Fc was prepared from patient-derived DC fused directly with patient-derived tumor cells in the current study. Our results showed that compared with HSP70.PC-Tu, HSP70.PC-Fc elicited much more powerful immune responses against the tumor from which the HSP70 was derived, including enhanced T cell activation, and CTL responses that were shown to be antigen specific and HLA restricted. Our results further indicated that the enhanced immunogenicity is related to the activation of CD4+ T cells and increased association with other heat shock proteins, such as HSP90. Therefore, the current study confirms the enhanced immunogenicity of HSP70.PC derived from DC-tumor fusions and may provide direct evidence promoting their future clinical use.
The Inconsistency of a Brouwerian Continuity Principle with the Curry-Howard Interpretation

If all functions (N -> N) -> N are continuous then 0 = 1. We establish this in intensional (and hence also in extensional) intuitionistic dependent-type theories, with existence in the formulation of continuity expressed as a Sigma type via the Curry-Howard interpretation. But with an intuitionistic notion of anonymous existence, defined as the propositional truncation of Sigma, it is consistent that all such functions are continuous. A model is Johnstone’s topological topos. On the other hand, any of these two intuitionistic conceptions of existence give the same, consistent, notion of uniform continuity for functions (N -> 2) -> N, again valid in the topological topos. It is open whether the consistency of (uniform) continuity extends to homotopy type theory. The theorems of type theory informally proved here are also formally proved in Agda, but the development presented here is self-contained and doesn't show Agda code.
A High-Speed Unified Hardware Architecture for AES and the SHA-3 Candidate Grøstl

The NIST competition for developing the new cryptographic hash standard SHA-3 is currently in the third round. One of the five remaining candidates, Grøstl, is inspired by the Advanced Encryption Standard. This unique feature can be exploited in a large variety of practical applications. In order to have a better picture of the Grøstl-AES computational efficiency (high-level scheduling, internal pipelining, resource sharing, etc.), we designed a high-speed coprocessor for Grøstl-based HMAC and AES in the counter mode. This coprocessor offers high-speed computations of both authentication and encryption with relatively small penalty in terms of area and speed when compared to the authentication (original Grøstl circuitry) functionality only. From our perspective, the main advantage of Grøstl over other finalists is the fact that its hardware hardware architecture naturally accommodates AES at the cost of a small area overhead.
Neither Modularity nor Relational Contracting: Inter-Firm Collaboration in the New Economy

In a series of recent essays, including their contributions to this symposium, Richard N. Langlois and Naomi R. Lamoreaux, Daniel M. G. Raff, and Peter Temin (hereafter LRT) present interesting but contradictory views of the decentralized or vertically disintegrated post-Chandlerian economy from whose vantage point they seek to reconceptualize business history. Starting from an orientation that uneasily combines Adam Smith’s ideas about the division of labor with organizational learning, Langlois sees the current situation as dominated by the modularization of production. This modularization and the arm’s-length transactions it facilitates create a world reminiscent of the antebellum United States, although today’s highthroughput differentiated exchanges are underpinned by a set of market-supporting institutions, notably standard interfaces or design rules. Starting from an orientation toward Oliver Williamson and the minimization of coordination costs, LRT in contrast see a world of collaborators joined by long-term, largely informal relations of a distinct type reducible neither to markets nor hierarchies.
Increased postprandial glycaemia, insulinemia, and lipidemia after 10 weeks’ sucrose-rich diet compared to an artificially sweetened diet: a randomised controlled trial

Background The importance of exchanging sucrose for artificial sweeteners on risk factors for developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases is not yet clear. Objective To investigate the effects of a diet high in sucrose versus a diet high in artificial sweeteners on fasting and postprandial metabolic profiles after 10 weeks. Design Healthy overweight subjects were randomised to consume drinks and foods sweetened with either sucrose (∼2 g/kg body weight) (n = 12) or artificial sweeteners (n = 11) as supplements to their usual diet. Supplements were similar on the two diets and consisted of beverages (∼80 weight%) and solid foods (yoghurts, marmalade, ice cream, stewed fruits). The rest of the diet was free of choice and ad libitum. Before (week 0) and after the intervention (week 10) fasting blood samples were drawn and in week 10, postprandial blood was sampled during an 8-hour meal test (breakfast and lunch). Results After 10 weeks postprandial glucose, insulin, lactate, triglyceride, leptin, glucagon, and GLP-1 were all significantly higher in the sucrose compared with the sweetener group. After adjusting for differences in body weight changes and fasting values (week 10), postprandial glucose, lactate, insulin, GIP, and GLP-1 were significantly higher and after further adjusting for differences in energy and sucrose intake, postprandial lactate, insulin, GIP, and GLP-1 levels were still significantly higher on the sucrose-rich diet. Conclusion A sucrose-rich diet consumed for 10 weeks resulted in significant elevations of postprandial glycaemia, insulinemia, and lipidemia compared to a diet rich in artificial sweeteners in slightly overweight healthy subjects.
Ontology visualization methods—a survey

Ontologies, as sets of concepts and their interrelations in a specific domain, have proven to be a useful tool in the areas of digital libraries, the semantic web, and personalized information management. As a result, there is a growing need for effective ontology visualization for design, management and browsing. There exist several ontology visualization methods and also a number of techniques used in other contexts that could be adapted for ontology representation. The purpose of this article is to present these techniques and categorize their characteristics and features in order to assist method selection and promote future research in the area of ontology visualization.
On expansions of t-norm based logics with truth-constants

This paper focuses on completeness results about generic expansions of logics of both continuous t-norms and Weak Nilpotent Minimum (WNM) with truth-constants. Indeed, we consider algebraic semantics for expansions of these logics with a set of truth-constants {r | r ∈ C}, for a suitable countable C ⊆ [0, 1], and provide a full description of completeness results when (i) either the t-norm is a finite ordinal sum of Lukasiewicz, Gödel and Product components (and hence continuous) or the t-norm is a Weak Nilpotent Minimum with a finite partition and (ii) the set of truth-constants covers all the unit interval in the sense that each component (in case of continuous t-norm) or each interval of the partition (in the WNM case) contains values of C in its interior. Results on expansions of the logic of a continuous t-norm were already published, while many of the results about WNM are presented here for the first time.
Short-term effect of cognitive training intervention in community elders

Objective:To explore the short-term effect of cognitive training intervention in community elders.Method:The volunteer elders aged more than 65 in one community were conducted the cognitive training intervention for 12 weeks(totally 24 times). We compared the cognitive function difference between invention group(44 volunteer elders participating in the cognitive intervention training)and control group(51 elders only finishing basement and follow-up evaluation)by neuropsychological tests battery for eladerly(NTBE). Results:In self-comparison of NTBE between before and after cognitive training intervention,there were significant differences in scores of visual matching and reasoning item in intervention group,and in scores of motor testing,proactive inhibition and learning efficacy index item in control group.Cognitive training intervention were positively correlated with the items of NTBE,such as right number for listening and learning words 4,repeating number for listening and learning words 4,sort test,small sign test,visual matching and reasoning,inserting for listening words 8 and hint times for sequence of 1 in connected line test.Conclusion:Cognitive training intervention can improve short-term cognitive function or postpone part of cognitive dysfunction.
True Green and Sustainable University Campuses? Toward a Clusters Approach

Campus greening is often the first step universities take towards sustainability. However, the diffusion of sustainability reporting methodologies and rankings is still at an early stage, and is biased in mainly measuring energy efficiency indicators while omitting basic features enabling meaningful comparisons among centers or addressing social (users) aspects related to long term sustainability transitions. This paper aims to introduce a critical perspective on sustainability university frameworks through: (i) a review of current Campus Sustainability Assessments (CSAs); (ii) performing and comparing the results obtained from the application of two internationally recognized CSAs (namely, Green Metric and ISCN) to two case studies (the Politecnico di Torino, in Italy, and the Hokkaido University, In Japan) and, finally, (iii) proposing a new CSA approach that encompasses clusters of homogeneous campus typologies for meaningful comparisons and university rankings. The proposed clusters regard universities’ morphological structures (campuses nested within city centers versus outside of a city compact ones), climatic zones and functions. At the micro scale, the paper introduces the need for indicators beyond measuring pure energy efficiency, but which are attentive to local and societal constraints and provide long-term tracking of outcomes. This, better than a sheer record of sustainability priority actions, can help in building homogenous university case studies to find similar and scalable success strategies and practices, and also in self-monitoring progress toward achieving truly sustainable university campuses.
Intrinsic Brain Network Abnormalities in Migraines without Aura Revealed in Resting-State fMRI

Background Previous studies have defined low-frequency, spatially consistent intrinsic connectivity networks (ICN) in resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data which reflect functional interactions among distinct brain areas. We sought to explore whether and how repeated migraine attacks influence intrinsic brain connectivity, as well as how activity in these networks correlates with clinical indicators of migraine. Methods/Principal Findings Resting-state fMRI data in twenty-three patients with migraines without aura (MwoA) and 23 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were analyzed using independent component analysis (ICA), in combination with a “dual-regression” technique to identify the group differences of three important pain-related networks [default mode network (DMN), bilateral central executive network (CEN), salience network (SN)] between the MwoA patients and HC. Compared with the HC, MwoA patients showed aberrant intrinsic connectivity within the bilateral CEN and SN, and greater connectivity between both the DMN and right CEN (rCEN) and the insula cortex - a critical region involving in pain processing. Furthermore, greater connectivity between both the DMN and rCEN and the insula correlated with duration of migraine. Conclusions Our findings may provide new insights into the characterization of migraine as a condition affecting brain activity in intrinsic connectivity networks. Moreover, the abnormalities may be the consequence of a persistent central neural system dysfunction, reflecting cumulative brain insults due to frequent ongoing migraine attacks.
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rM-CSF) stimulates pinocytosis in bone marrow-derived macrophages

Incubation of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) in medium containing recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rM-CSF) stimulated influx, efflux, and the net accumulation of the fluid-phase pinocytic marker, lucifer yellow (LY). Stimulation was dose dependent, occurred within 5 min of addition of the growth factor, and was sustained. Previous experiments had shown that BMM treated with PMA were stimulated to accumulate LY, but compared with rM-CSF-treated cells, the onset of stimulation in PMA-treated macrophages was slower. In further comparisons of rM-CSF- and PMA-stimulated LY accumulation, it was found that rM-CSF-stimulated pinocytosis could be abolished by pretreatment with 0.5 mg/ml trypsin, whereas neither unstimulated nor PMA-stimulated LY accumulation was affected by trypsin pretreatment. These findings indicate that the rM-CSF response was initiated at the cell surface, while the PMA response occurred via intracellular (or trypsin-resistant) receptors. However, once initiated, the pinocytic responses elicited by either agent were very similar. First, rM-CSF- treated cells, like PMA-treated cells, showed extensive ruffling and formation of large phase-bright pinosomes. Second, both rM-CSF- and PMA- stimulated LY accumulation could be inhibited by treatment of cells with the cytoskeleton destabilizing drugs nocodazole, colchicine, or cytochalasin D. Finally, rM-CSF, like PMA, was found to stimulate efflux of LY from cells preloaded with the dye. Thus, both rM-CSF and PMA stimulate the net rate of solute flow through the macrophage endocytic compartment.
Quaternion-based trajectory tracking control of VTOL-UAVs using command filtered backstepping

This paper discusses trajectory tracking control for Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) using the command filtered backstepping technique. Quaternions are used to represent the attitude of the vehicle to ensure the global attitude tracking without singularities. Since the quaternions have their own unique algebra, they cannot be filtered by a vector-based command filter; therefore, a second-order quaternion filter is developed to filter the quaternion and automatically compute its derivative, which determines the commanded angular rate vector. A quadrotor vehicle is used as an example to show the performance of the proposed controller.
Signal Propagation and Logic Gating in Networks of Integrate-and-Fire Neurons

Transmission of signals within the brain is essential for cognitive function, but it is not clear how neural circuits support reliable and accurate signal propagation over a sufficiently large dynamic range. Two modes of propagation have been studied: synfire chains, in which synchronous activity travels through feedforward layers of a neuronal network, and the propagation of fluctuations in firing rate across these layers. In both cases, a sufficient amount of noise, which was added to previous models from an external source, had to be included to support stable propagation. Sparse, randomly connected networks of spiking model neurons can generate chaotic patterns of activity. We investigate whether this activity, which is a more realistic noise source, is sufficient to allow for signal transmission. We find that, for rate-coded signals but not for synfire chains, such networks support robust and accurate signal reproduction through up to six layers if appropriate adjustments are made in synaptic strengths. We investigate the factors affecting transmission and show that multiple signals can propagate simultaneously along different pathways. Using this feature, we show how different types of logic gates can arise within the architecture of the random network through the strengthening of specific synapses.
Chimeric NP Non Coding Regions between Type A and C Influenza Viruses Reveal Their Role in Translation Regulation

Exchange of the non coding regions of the NP segment between type A and C influenza viruses was used to demonstrate the importance not only of the proximal panhandle, but also of the initial distal panhandle strength in type specificity. Both elements were found to be compulsory to rescue infectious virus by reverse genetics systems. Interestingly, in type A influenza virus infectious context, the length of the NP segment 5′ NC region once transcribed into mRNA was found to impact its translation, and the level of produced NP protein consequently affected the level of viral genome replication.
The C‐terminal domain of full‐length E. coli SSB is disordered even when bound to DNA

The crystal structure of full‐length homotetrameric single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA)‐binding protein from Escherichia coli (SSB) has been determined to 3.3 Å resolution and reveals that the entire C‐terminal domain is disordered even in the presence of ssDNA. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence that the C‐terminal domain of SSB may be inherently disordered. The N‐terminal DNA‐binding domain of the protein is well ordered and is virtually indistinguishable from the previously determined structure of the chymotryptic fragment of SSB (SSBc) in complex with ssDNA. The absence of observable interactions with the core protein and the crystal packing of SSB together suggest that the disordered C‐terminal domains likely extend laterally away from the DNA‐ binding domains, which may facilitate interactions with components of the replication machinery in vivo. The structure also reveals the conservation of molecular contacts between successive tetramers mediated by the L45 loops as seen in two other crystal forms of SSBc, suggesting a possible functional relevance of this interaction.
Time course of the hemodynamic responses to aortic depressor nerve stimulation in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats

The time to reach the maximum response of arterial pressure, heart rate and vascular resistance (hindquarter and mesenteric) was measured in conscious male spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive control rats (NCR; Wistar; 18-22 weeks) subjected to electrical stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve (ADN). The parameters of stimulation were 1 mA intensity and 2 ms pulse length applied for 5 s, using frequencies of 10, 30, and 90 Hz. The time to reach the hemodynamic responses at different frequencies of ADN stimulation was similar for SHR (N = 15) and NCR (N = 14); hypotension = NCR (4194 ± 336 to 3695 ± 463 ms) vs SHR (3475 ± 354 to 4494 ± 300 ms); bradycardia = NCR (1618 ± 152 to 1358 ± 185 ms) vs SHR (1911 ± 323 to 1852 ± 431 ms), and the fall in hindquarter vascular resistance = NCR (6054 ± 486 to 6550 ± 847 ms) vs SHR (4849 ± 918 to 4926 ± 646 ms); mesenteric = NCR (5574 ± 790 to 5752 ± 539 ms) vs SHR (5638 ± 648 to 6777 ± 624 ms). In addition, ADN stimulation produced baroreflex responses characterized by a faster cardiac effect followed by a vascular effect, which together contributed to the decrease in arterial pressure. Therefore, the results indicate that there is no alteration in the conduction of the electrical impulse after the site of baroreceptor mechanical transduction in the baroreflex pathway (central and/or efferent) in conscious SHR compared to NCR.