Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-term variability of surface carbon dioxide and sea-air CO 2 fluxes in the shelf waters of the Galician coastal upwelling system

SUMMARY: Using data collected during the DYBAGA and ECO cruises, remote sensing chlorophyll-a estimations and the averaged upwelling index of the previous fortnight (Iw’), we studied the variability of the sea surface CO2 fugacity (fCO2) over the Galician continental shelf during three seasonal cycles. Sea surface salinity (SSS) distribution controlled fCO2 mainly in spring, while sea surface temperature (SST) did so during periods of intense cooling in November and warming in June. The uptake of carbon by photosynthetic activity, which was more intense during spring and autumn, masked the surface increase in the dissolved inorganic carbon concentration during upwelling events, especially during spring. A significant low correlation between fCO2 and Iw’ was found during spring and summer when upwelling events were observed, whereas no relationship was observed during the downwelling period. High fCO2 exceeding atmospheric values was only found during the summer stratification breakdown. Although sea-air CO2 fluxes showed a marked inter-annual variability, surface waters off the Galician coast were net sinks for atmospheric CO2 in every seasonal cycle, showing a lower CO2 uptake (~65%) compared to previously published values. Marked inter-annual changes in the sea-air CO2 fluxes seem to be influenced by fresh water inputs on the continental shelf under different meteorological scenarios.
Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Ubiquitin-positive, tau- and α-synuclein–negative inclusions are hallmarks of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although the identity of the ubiquitinated protein specific to either disorder was unknown, we showed that TDP-43 is the major disease protein in both disorders. Pathologic TDP-43 was hyper-phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved to generate C-terminal fragments and was recovered only from affected central nervous system regions, including hippocampus, neocortex, and spinal cord. TDP-43 represents the common pathologic substrate linking these neurodegenerative disorders.
Necrosis of Lung Epithelial Cells during Infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis Is Preceded by Cell Permeation

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis establishes infection, progresses towards disease, and is transmitted from the alveolus of the lung. However, the role of the alveolar epithelium in any of these pathogenic processes of tuberculosis is unclear. In this study, lung epithelial cells (A549) were used as a model in which to examine cytotoxicity during infection with either virulent or avirulent mycobacteria in order to further establish the role of the lung epithelium during tuberculosis. Infection of A549 cells with M. tuberculosis strains Erdman and CDC1551 demonstrated significant cell monolayer clearing, whereas infection with eitherMycobacterium bovis BCG or Mycobacterium smegmatis LR222 did not. Clearing of M. tuberculosis-infected A549 cells correlated to necrosis, not apoptosis. Treatment of M. tuberculosis-infected A549 cells with streptomycin, but not cycloheximide, demonstrated a significant reduction in the necrosis of A549 cell monolayers. This mycobacterium-induced A549 necrosis did not correlate to higher levels of intracellular or extracellular growth by the mycobacteria during infection. Staining of infected cells with propidium iodide demonstrated that M. tuberculosis induced increased permeation of A549 cell membranes within 24 h postinfection. Quantitation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from infected cells further demonstrated that cell permeation was specific to M. tuberculosis infection and correlated to A549 cellular necrosis. Inactivated M. tuberculosis or its subcellular fractions did not result in A549 necrosis or LDH release. These studies demonstrate that lung epithelial cell cytotoxicity is specific to infection by virulent mycobacteria and is caused by cellular necrosis. This necrosis is not a direct correlate of mycobacterial growth or of the expression of host cell factors, but is preceded by permeation of the A549 cell membrane and requires infection with live bacilli.
Pleural tuberculosis in Harare, Zimbabwe: the relationship between human immunodeficiency virus, CD4 lymphocyte count, granuloma formation and disseminated disease

objective To elucidate the relationship between HIV, CD41 count and pleural TB.method In a prospective study, 94 patients presenting at two large Harare hospitals with clinically suspected pleural TB were enrolled over a 10‐month period. All underwent standardized evaluation, closed pleural aspiration and biopsy. Patients receiving directly observed anti‐TB therapy were followed‐up.results Pleural TB was diagnosed in 90 individuals (median age 33 years; range 18‐65; 64 males); the seroprevalence of HIV was 85%. HIV‐positive patients were older than HIV‐negative individuals (median age 33 vs 23 years, P= 0.013) and had a significantly lower median CD41 count (191 vs 1106 × 106/l respectively, P= 0.004). A CD41 count of <200 × 106/l was associated with a length of illness >30 days (65% vs 37%; P= 0.05), a positive pleural fluid smear (37% vs 0%; P= 0.0006) and a positive pleural biopsy Ziehl‐Neelsen stain (35% vs 7%; P= 0.021). However, a relationship between CD41 count and either pleural granuloma formation or radiological evidence of disseminated disease was not observed.conclusion In sub‐Saharan Africa, TB pleural effusions have become associated with older age, a chronic onset, and an increased mycobacterial load. These data emphasize the complex relationship between pleural TB, HIV infection and a low CD41 count.
Effects of cryopreservation on CD4+ CD25+ T cells of HIV‐1 infected individuals

The role of T regulatory cells (Tregs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 infection, although not entirely clear, has recently been highlighted. Despite their lack of specificity, fluorochrome‐labeled CD4 and CD25 antibodies are common flow cytometric reagents used to identify these cells with immunosuppressive potential. Cryopreservation has previously been shown to alter the proportions of lymphocytes with certain phenotypes expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of cryopreservation on CD4+ CD25+ T cells in PBMCs from HIV‐1+ individuals to guide the design of future studies on Tregs. We recruited 30 HIV‐1+ individuals and nine healthy controls. CD25 expression in CD4+ T cells was compared between fresh and frozen/thawed PBMC samples from the same time point. In this study, cryopreservation significantly decreased the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ T cells in PBMC samples from HIV‐1 infected subjects. This finding suggests that studies of CD4+ CD25+ T cells should be carried out on fresh samples to avoid bias introduced by cryopreservation. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:153–158, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correction: P-TEFb, the Super Elongation Complex and Mediator Regulate a Subset of Non-paused Genes during Early Drosophila Embryo Development

Positive Transcription Elongation Factor b (P-TEFb) is a kinase consisting of Cdk9 and Cyclin T that releases RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) into active elongation. It can assemble into a larger Super Elongation Complex (SEC) consisting of additional elongation factors. Here, we use a miRNA-based approach to knock down the maternal contribution of P-TEFb and SEC components in early Drosophila embryos. P-TEFb or SEC depletion results in loss of cells from the embryo posterior and in cellularization defects. Interestingly, the expression of many patterning genes containing promoter-proximal paused Pol II is relatively normal in P-TEFb embryos. Instead, P-TEFb and SEC are required for expression of some nonpaused, rapidly transcribed genes in pre-cellular embryos, including the cellularization gene Serendipity-α. We also demonstrate that another P-TEFb regulated gene, terminus, has an essential function in embryo development. Similar morphological and gene expression phenotypes were observed upon knock down of Mediator subunits, providing in vivo evidence that P-TEFb, the SEC and Mediator collaborate in transcription control. Surprisingly, PTEFb depletion does not affect the ratio of Pol II at the promoter versus the 3’ end, despite affecting global Pol II Ser2 phosphorylation levels. Instead, Pol II occupancy is reduced at P-TEFb down-regulated genes. We conclude that a subset of non-paused, pre-cellular genes are among the most susceptible to reduced P-TEFb, SEC and Mediator levels in
Science of Personality

1.Introduction: The scientific study of personality Part I: Units of personality 2. Trait Units of personality 3. Cognitive units of personality 4. Motivational units of personality Part II: Personality Development 5. The nature and nurture of personality 6. Charting prople's lives over time Part III: Topics in personality research 7. The unconscious 8. The concept of the self 9. The path from from thinking to action 10. Emotion, adaptation, and health 11. Maladaptive personality functioning and processes of change 12. Personality assessment 13. Conclusion: Current issues and the prospects for the science of personality Index
PERBEDAAN PERSEPSI INTENSITAS MORAL MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI DALAM PROSES PEMBUATAN KEPUTUSAN MORAL(Studi Survei pada Mahasiswa Akuntansi S1, Maksi, Pendidikan Profesi Akuntansi (PPA) Universitas Diponegoro Semarang)

This paper investigates critical issues on ethical behavior, specifically the role of an individual’s perception of situation-specific issues on decision making process in moral situation related to some accounting situation. A person who perceived moral problem does not always make moral-decision in practice because he/she tend to ignore moral issues when be faced with technicalcharacteristic situation. Data were collected using Questionnaire based on four scenarios contain moral issues in some accounting situation. By using MANOVA with repeated measurement, the results indicate that Undergraduate, MAKSI and PPA students perceived there is ethical problem concerned Actor’s action in four accounting scenarios. The differences in perceptions of three moral intensity components: social consensus, temporal immediacy and proximity stood out more in the accounting issues analyzed. The findings presented in this research extend the existing understanding about the importance of the components of moral intensity in the ethical decision making process of accounting professionals. The results can be used to enhance ethics coursework and training programs in educational settings and industry. Penelitian ini menyelidiki isu-isu kritis mengenai perilaku etis, khususnya peran persepsi individu terhadap isu-isu berdasarkan situasi dalam proses pembuatan keputusan etis yang berhubungan dengan akuntansi. Seseorang yang merasakan suatu masalah etis tidak selalu membuat keputusan etis dalam praktik sebab individu tersebut cenderung mengabaikan masalah etis ketika berhadapan dengan situasi yang bersifat teknis. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang didasarkan pada empat skenario mengenai isu-isu moral dalam berbagai situasi akuntansi. MANOVA dengan pengukuran berulang mengidikasikan bahwa mahasiswa S1- akuntansi, MAKSI dan PPA merasakan terdapat masalah etis terkait tindakan Aktor/pelaku dalam skenario. Perbedaan persepsi tiga komponen intensitas moral: konsensus sosial, kesegeraan temporal, dan kedekatan dirasakan oleh mahasiswa sebagai isu yang paling kuat. Temuan yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini menambah pemahaman mengenai pentingnya komponen-komponen intensitas moral dalam proses pembuatan keputusan moral profesional akuntansi. Temuan ini dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan program pelatihan etika dalam lingkup pendidikan dan industri.
Increasing food acceptance in the home setting: a randomized controlled trial of parent-administered taste exposure with incentives.

BACKGROUND The use of rewards to encourage children to eat healthily is controversial. However, researcher-led interventions have shown that incentives combined with taste exposure can increase both intake and liking. To date, this has not been tested in the home setting. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to test the hypothesis that parent-administered repeated taste exposures to an initially disliked vegetable combined with reward will increase children's liking and intake and to compare the effects of tangible and social rewards. DESIGN In this randomized controlled trial, families with children aged 3-4 y (n = 173) were randomly assigned to exposure + tangible reward (sticker), exposure + social reward (praise), or no-treatment control conditions after a pretest assessment in which a target vegetable was selected for each child. In the intervention groups, parents offered their children 12 daily tastes of the vegetable, giving either praise or a sticker for tasting. No specific advice was given to the control group. Assessments of intake and liking of the target vegetable were conducted by researchers immediately after the intervention period and 1 and 3 mo later. RESULTS Children who received exposure + tangible rewards increased their intake (P = 0.001) and liking (P = 0.001) of their target vegetable significantly more than did children in the control group. Differences were maintained at the 3-mo follow-up (intake: P = 0.005; liking: P = 0.001). Increases in intake and liking in the exposure + social reward group were not significantly different from the control group. CONCLUSION The findings of this home-based study support parental use of tangible rewards with repeated taste exposures to improve children's diets. This trial is registered as ISRCTN42922680.
Computational visual attention systems and their cognitive foundations: A survey

Based on concepts of the human visual system, computational visual attention systems aim to detect regions of interest in images. Psychologists, neurobiologists, and computer scientists have investigated visual attention thoroughly during the last decades and profited considerably from each other. However, the interdisciplinarity of the topic holds not only benefits but also difficulties: Concepts of other fields are usually hard to access due to differences in vocabulary and lack of knowledge of the relevant literature. This article aims to bridge this gap and bring together concepts and ideas from the different research areas. It provides an extensive survey of the grounding psychological and biological research on visual attention as well as the current state of the art of computational systems. Furthermore, it presents a broad range of applications of computational attention systems in fields like computer vision, cognitive systems, and mobile robotics. We conclude with a discussion on the limitations and open questions in the field.
Distribution and function of the peptide transporter PEPT2 in normal and cystic fibrosis human lung

Background: Aerosol administration of peptide based drugs has an important role in the treatment of various pulmonary and systemic diseases. The characterisation of pulmonary peptide transport pathways can lead to new strategies in aerosol drug treatment. Methods: Immunohistochemistry and ex vivo uptake studies were established to assess the distribution and activity of the β-lactam transporting high affinity proton coupled peptide transporter PEPT2 in normal and cystic fibrosis human airway tissue. Results: PEPT2 immunoreactivity in normal human airways was localised to cells of the tracheal and bronchial epithelium and the endothelium of small vessels. In peripheral lung immunoreactivity was restricted to type II pneumocytes. In sections of cystic fibrosis lung a similar pattern of distribution was obtained with signals localised to endothelial cells, airway epithelium, and type II pneumocytes. Functional ex vivo uptake studies with fresh lung specimens led to an uptake of the fluorophore conjugated dipeptide derivative d-Ala-l-Lys-AMCA into bronchial epithelial cells and type II pneumocytes. This uptake was competitively inhibited by dipeptides and cephalosporins but not ACE inhibitors, indicating a substrate specificity as described for PEPT2. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence for the expression and function of the peptide transporter PEPT2 in the normal and cystic fibrosis human respiratory tract and suggest that PEPT2 is likely to play a role in the transport of pulmonary peptides and peptidomimetics.
The linked employer-employee dataset of the IAB (LIAB)

"The linked employer-employee dataset of the IAB (LIAB) is created by matching the data of the IAB establishment panel and the process-produced data of the Federal Employment Services (in particular the IAB). The distinctive feature of these data is the combination of information about individuals and details concerning the firms in which these people work. This facilitates a number of new methods of analysis and the first empirical examination of theoretical concepts. This applies not only to economic questions but for all areas of empirical social research. Studies have so far been conducted on subjects in labour economics, personnel economics and sociology. Some versions of the LIAB are accessible via the research data centre (Forschungsdatenzentrum - FDZ) of the Federal Employment Services (Bundesagentur fur Arbeit - BA) at the IAB. " (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Clathrin mediates integrin endocytosis for focal adhesion disassembly in migrating cells

Focal adhesion disassembly is regulated by microtubules (MTs) through an unknown mechanism that involves dynamin. To test whether endocytosis may be involved, we interfered with the function of clathrin or its adaptors autosomal recessive hypercholesteremia (ARH) and Dab2 (Disabled-2) and found that both treatments prevented MT-induced focal adhesion disassembly. Surface labeling experiments showed that integrin was endocytosed in an extracellular matrix-, clathrin-, and ARH- and Dab2-dependent manner before entering Rab5 endosomes. Clathrin colocalized with a subset of focal adhesions in an ARH- and Dab2-dependent fashion. Direct imaging showed that clathrin rapidly accumulated on focal adhesions during MT-stimulated disassembly and departed from focal adhesions with integrin upon their disassembly. In migrating cells, depletion of clathrin or Dab2 and ARH inhibited focal adhesion disassembly and decreased the rate of migration. These results show that focal adhesion disassembly occurs through a targeted mechanism involving MTs, clathrin, and specific clathrin adaptors and that direct endocytosis of integrins from focal adhesions mediates their disassembly in migrating cells.
Development of a New Tool for Evaluating Postnatal Mother’s Satisfaction Following Nursing Care: In India

Few instruments are available to assess the postnatal mother's satisfaction with nursing care. This study tests the validity and reliability of Jipi’s postnatal satisfaction with nursing care questionnaire (JPSNQ). Descriptive design was used for the study . The sample consisted of 100 postnatal mothers who met the inclusion criteria and the sample was selected using purposive sampling technique. A structured questionnaire schedule was administered to the postnatal mothers respectively. The questionnaire was classified under six domains namely orientation, information, communication, comfort and care, specific to postnatal care and value and preference of postnatal mothers with the total of 39 items. The reliability coefficient of the tool was established using cronbach’s alpha method . Cronbach’s alpha is the most widely used method for evaluating internal consistency. The reliability co-efficient obtained for postnatal mothers level of satisfaction with nursing care was(r = 0.834) which indicated that the tool was reliable. The results demonstrated that the subscales within the scale are internally consistent, subscales’ Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.720 to 0.847. In addition, all subscales surpassed the 0.70 criterion for reliability and were positively and significant. An assessment of validity was made in terms of (content validity) which were obtained for demographic proforma out of the 10 items, 8 had 100% agreement and two had 90% agreement. Construct validity was measured with extreme group method. Item analysis was done with Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients - all the items are significantly correlated with the overall satisfaction. Structured questionnaire schedule on mother’s satisfaction: There were 39 items in the structured questionnaire schedule on postnatal mother’s satisfaction. All had 100% agreement. The newly developed questionnaire is valid and reliable to measures maternal satisfaction with nursing care in inpatient postpartum unit. Keywords : Development of Instrument, Postnatal Satisfaction, Nursing Care
Digenea of Hoplias intermedius and Hoplias malabaricus (Actinopterygii, Erythrinidae) from upper São Francisco River, Brazil.

A total of 103 specimens of Hoplias intermedius (Günther, 1864) and 86 specimens of H. malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) from the upper São Francisco River, State of Minas Gerais were collected between April 2011 and August 2013, and their parasitic fauna were investigated. Four species of Digenea were found: metacercariae of Austrodiplostomum sp. , and Ithyoclinostomum sp. ; and adult specimens of Phyllodistomum spatula Odhner, 1902, and Pseudosellacotyla lutzi (Freitas, 1941) Yamaguti, 1954. The prevalence of the metacercariae was higher than that of the adult digeneans of erythrinids from the upper São Francisco River as a result of piscivorous feeding habits of these adult erythrinids. The presence of metacercariae and adult digeneans indicate that they act as intermediate and definitive hosts, respectively, in their biological cycles. Hoplias intermedius is a new host for the four species of Digenea, and the São Francisco River basin is a new location for the known geographical distributions of P. spatula and P. lutzi.
Processes and Practices of Strategizing and Organizing: Review, Development, and the Role of Bridging and Umbrella Constructs

The scope and purpose of this special issue is to draw interconnections between domains of strategy and strategic management research. Specifically, we initially conceptualized this special issue with two goals in mind: (1) to highlight and bridge intersections between strategy theories and bodies of scholarship; and (2) to advance and mainstream ways in which an explicit organizational dimension can be fostered in strategy and strategic management research. The papers selected for the issue capture this set of aspirations in various ways, and, as such, they collectively offer a foundation for extending strategy and strategic management research in exciting new directions. We start our introduction by providing a brief overview of the contributions provided by each paper in the context of three broad strategy themes: strategy and process; resources and organizational growth; and environment and institutional context. We subsequently discuss the potential for integration of research across these themes, and highlight the importance of what we define as bridging and umbrella constructs that are able to connect various strategy and organizational phenomena in coherent and meaningful ways. We elaborate the important distinction between these two constructs and their respective roles within theory development, and use that to drive and articulate directions for further research.