Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Soccer-Specific Fatigue on Peak Isokinetic Torque Production of the Knee Flexors and Extensors

Background Epidemiological findings of higher muscular thigh strain injury incidence during the latter stages of soccer match play have been attributed to fatigue. Hypothesis Soccer-specific fatigue will significantly reduce peak isokinetic torque of the knee flexors and extensors. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Ten male professional soccer players (mean age, 24.7 ± 4.4 years; body mass, 77.1 ± 8.3 kg; maximum oxygen consumption [VO2 max], 63.0 ± 4.8 mlVkg/min) completed an intermittent treadmill protocol replicating the activity profile of match Play. Before exercise and at 15-minute intervals, each player completed 1 of 2 randomized isokinetic dynamometer protocols. The first protocol quantified peak concentric knee extensor and flexor torque, while the second quantified peak concentric and eccentric knee flexor torque at isokinetic speeds of 180, 300, and 60 deg/s (3.14, 5.25, and 1.05 rad/s) with 5 repetitions at each speed. Results Concentric knee extensor and flexor peak torque were maintained throughout the duration of the exercise protocol, irrespective of movement speed. However, peak eccentric knee flexor torques at the end of the game (T300eccH105 = 127 ± 25 N.m) and at the end of the passive half-time interval (T300eccH60 = 133 ± 32 N.m) were significantly reduced relative to the first 15 minutes (T300eccH00 = 167 ± 35 N·m, P < .01; T300ecoH15 = 161 ± 35 N·m, P = .02). Conclusion Eccentric knee flexor strength decreases as a function of time and after the half-time interval. Clinical Relevance This suggests a greater risk of injuries at these specific times, especially for explosive movements, in accord with epidemiological observations.
Finasteride to Evaluate the Efficacy of Dutasteride in the Management of Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Enlarged Prostate

Patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and enlarged prostate were randomized to receive, in a double blind fashion, either Finasteride 5 mg/day or Dutasteride 0.5 mg/day for a period of 12 weeks. IPSS score, Qmax, and Quality of Life were assessed at the end of 0 and 12 week periods. Dutasteride significantly improved Qmax, reduced IPSS score, and improved Quality of Life as compared to Finasteride at the end of the 12-week period. Dutasteride with its inhibitory effects on type 1 and 2 5α-reductase, produces significantly better results than Finasteride.
Levels of Availability of a Formal Operational Strategy.

STONE, C. ADDISON, and DAY, MARY CAROL. Levels of Availability of a Formal Operational Strategy. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1978, 49, 1054-1065. A modified version of Inhelder's and Piaget's bending-rods task was used to isolate subjects with three different levels of access to the formal operational control-of-variables strategy. By administering the task twice in succession with minimal intervention between the two administrations, 28 subjects at each of ages 9, 11, and 13 years were categorized as spontaneous, latent, or nonusers of the strategy according to whether they used the strategy on the first, second, or neither administration, respectively. Through the use of additional rods measures and other related tasks, an attempt was made to characterize subjects at each level of strategy availability in terms of lower-level processes. The results supported the hypothesis that there is a large number of latent strategy users who would have been misclassified as nonformal operational by traditional procedures. In addition, an analysis of the secondary tasks indicated several important distinctions between non-strategy users and latent or spontaneous users in terms of both task-specific behaviors and theoretically related abilities. No differences in performance on the secondary tasks were found between the latent and spontaneous subjects. The results are used to argue for the potential utility of the notion of levels of availability in clarifying the nature of individual and developmental differences in the use of formal operational strategies.
Reliability and Validity of a Japanese Version of the Short-Form Eysenck Personality Questionnaire—Revised

The reliability and the validity of a Japanese version of the short-form Eysenck Personality Questionnaire—Revised were examined for 329 college students and 253 adults. Coefficient alpha reliabilities for the four scales (Psychoticism, Extraversion/Introversion, Neuroticism, and Lie) were greater than 0.71 except for Psychoticism. Test-retest reliability of the four scales over 6 months ranged from 0.70 to 0.85, indicating a substantial stability. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the original theoretical structure of the four personality dimensions as proposed by Eysenck, Eysenck, and Barrett in 1985. Concurrent validity of the revised short-form was evaluated through the comparison of the four scores with the scores on the Maudsley Personality Inventory and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. Over-all, the Japanese version of the revised short-form appears to be comparable to the original English version and would be useful for measuring personality in a wide range of settings.
Workplace flexibility and job satisfaction: some evidence from Europe

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to empirically test whether various flexible work arrangements produce different effects on alternative measures of job satisfaction in Europe. To test the existence of heterogeneity in the impact of flexibility on job satisfaction, the paper verifies whether this relation varies with workers' characteristics. Design/methodology/approach - Empirical evidence is based on a representative sample of European employees taken from a specific wave of the Eurobarometer survey. An ordered probit estimator is used to get the relevant estimates and endogeneity problems have been addressed by exploiting the richness of the data-set in terms of information on workers' attitude toward work and life (used as proxies of unobserved time-invariant factors, which are the primary source of endogeneity). Findings - A positive link was found between functional flexibility and job satisfaction and either no effect or a negative impact of quantitative flexibility. The positive impact of functional flexibility is greater when considering satisfaction for intrinsic aspects of the job. Estimates by workers' characteristics highlight interesting differences by age, skill and country of residence. Research limitations/implications - The major limitation is the cross-sectional nature of the data, but there was no awareness of any panel data containing information on all the relevant variables of this analysis. Originality/value - With respect to the existing literature, the paper simultaneously considers different types of flexibility and estimates their effect on different facets of job satisfaction, also considering the impact of flexibility on job satisfaction by workers' characteristics. This evidence may be useful to firms in designing more tailored flexibility packages.
Researching Air-Conditioning Addiction and Ways of Puncturing Practice: Professional Office Workers and the Decision to Go outside

Though many people around the world now spend much of their time surrounded by bodies of controlled ambient air indoors, we still know relatively little about the subjectivities involved. Some have deployed the idea of air-conditioning addiction. Others emphasise the enjoyable sensations associated with temporary escape. The research described in this paper sought to add some empirical depth to these discussions by combining theories of social practice with a programme of serial interviews to examine how a sample of city professionals felt about the long periods they spent inside air-conditioned offices. The rationale was that, through these means, it should be possible to identify ways of disrupting otherwise habitual indoor existences and thereby discourage people from becoming increasingly reliant upon ambient conditions that are environmentally costly to supply. Describing their passage through a typical working day, this paper focuses on the moments when it might have occurred to them to spend time outside and how certain mental and material elements combined to impede the arrival of this decision. This exercise is used to draw out suggestions about how a better relationship between professional office workers and the everyday outdoors could be encouraged. The broader conclusion is that contextual studies which examine how places and practices produce decisions, instead of assuming individual people merely make them, have their part to play in fostering positive social futures.
The interrelationship between sport activities and the perceived winter sport experience

This study analyses the behaviour of active sport tourists based on theories of experience and by applying such theories to a winter sport setting. The aim of this article is to empirically investigate the influence of performed sport activities on the perceived winter sport tourist experience. This research question was investigated using a survey by means of a self-administered questionnaire. In the city of Oberstdorf, Germany, n = 381 winter sport tourists were questioned about their activities, behaviour, and their perception of the winter sport experience. The results reveal that the activities performed by the tourists have an impact on their perceived winter sport experience. Particularly, alpine skiing and sledging as well as a combination of a range of activities contributed to the winter sport experience. Interestingly, different activities were found to drive different dimensions of the winter sport experience.
On the Relation between the General Affective Meaning and the Basic Sublexical, Lexical, and Inter-lexical Features of Poetic Texts—A Case Study Using 57 Poems of H. M. Enzensberger

The literary genre of poetry is inherently related to the expression and elicitation of emotion via both content and form. To explore the nature of this affective impact at an extremely basic textual level, we collected ratings on eight different general affective meaning scales—valence, arousal, friendliness, sadness, spitefulness, poeticity, onomatopoeia, and liking—for 57 German poems (“die verteidigung der wölfe”) which the contemporary author H. M. Enzensberger had labeled as either “friendly,” “sad,” or “spiteful. ” Following Jakobson's (1960) view on the vivid interplay of hierarchical text levels, we used multiple regression analyses to explore the specific influences of affective features from three different text levels (sublexical, lexical, and inter-lexical) on the perceived general affective meaning of the poems using three types of predictors: (1) Lexical predictor variables capturing the mean valence and arousal potential of words; (2) Inter-lexical predictors quantifying peaks, ranges, and dynamic changes within the lexical affective content; (3) Sublexical measures of basic affective tone according to sound-meaning correspondences at the sublexical level (see Aryani et al., 2016). We find the lexical predictors to account for a major amount of up to 50% of the variance in affective ratings. Moreover, inter-lexical and sublexical predictors account for a large portion of additional variance in the perceived general affective meaning. Together, the affective properties of all used textual features account for 43–70% of the variance in the affective ratings and still for 23–48% of the variance in the more abstract aesthetic ratings. In sum, our approach represents a novel method that successfully relates a prominent part of variance in perceived general affective meaning in this corpus of German poems to quantitative estimates of affective properties of textual components at the sublexical, lexical, and inter-lexical level.
Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 concentrations increase during tuberculosis treatment in Tanzania.

SETTING Vitamin D deficiency is associated with susceptibility to active tuberculosis (TB) in many settings. In vitro studies and studies on human volunteers showed that two of the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin, reduce 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations. OBJECTIVE To study changes in vitamin D status during treatment of Tanzanian hospitalised patients with pulmonary TB (PTB). DESIGN We compared serum 25[OH]D concentrations in 81 Tanzanian PTB patients before and after 2 months of treatment. RESULTS Median serum 25[OH]D concentrations increased from 91 nmol/l at baseline to 101 nmol/l after 2 months of TB treatment (median increase 6.0 nmol/l, IQR -0.7-25.0, P = 0.001). Median serum parathyroid hormone concentrations increased from 1.6 to 2.0 pmol/l (median increase 0.46, IQR -0.2-1.1, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION 25[OH]D serum concentrations increased during the first 2 months of TB treatment in 81 PTB patients in northern Tanzania. Improved dietary intake and increased sunlight exposure may have contributed to the increased 25[OH]D concentrations.
Evaluating Math Recovery

Mathematics Recovery (MR) is designed to identify first graders who are struggling in mathematics and provide them with intensive one-to-one tutoring. We report findings from a 2-year evaluation of MR conducted in 20 elementary schools across five districts in two states. The design allowed for the estimation of the counterfactual growth trajectory based on those students randomly assigned either to a tutoring cohort with a delayed start or to a wait list. Results demonstrate strong end of first grade effects on a diagnostic measure developed by MR and weak to moderate effects (effect size, .15–.30) on measures administered by external evaluators. By the end of second grade, no significant effects were found on any measures. Practical and research implications are discussed.
Postconventional Reasoning and Moral Education in Japan

Abstract Sixty‐three American and 52 Japanese adults were interviewed to identify their moral stages. They were further interviewed with both the original and situationally modified versions of the Heinz dilemma, to study their attitudes to situational factors. Analysis of their responses revealed: (1) 16 American and 15 Japanese subjects were postconventional reasoners, providing substantial evidence of postconventional stages as adult stages and (2) the majority of American postconventional subjects consistently chose Heinz’ stealing the drug for his dying wife. In contrast, most Japanese postconventional reasoners were consistently against that option. Although both American and Japanese postconventional reasoners were well aware of the fundamental value and preciousness of human life, the ways to secure that preciousness differed: the former trying to make it longer, the latter trying to make it purer and cleaner. Such cultural differences in action choices, and their supporting reasoning, suggest a n.
Musical Genre Classification Using Nonnegative Matrix Factorization-Based Features

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is used to derive a novel description for the timbre of musical sounds. Using NMF, a spectrogram is factorized providing a characteristic spectral basis. Assuming a set of spectrograms given a musical genre, the space spanned by the vectors of the obtained spectral bases is modeled statistically using mixtures of Gaussians, resulting in a description of the spectral base for this musical genre. This description is shown to improve classification results by up to 23.3% compared to MFCC-based models, while the compression performed by the factorization decreases training time significantly. Using a distance-based stability measure this compression is shown to reduce the noise present in the data set resulting in more stable classification models. In addition, we compare the mean squared errors of the approximation to a spectrogram using independent component analysis and nonnegative matrix factorization, showing the superiority of the latter approach.
T-Cell Recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosisCulture Filtrate Fractions in Tuberculosis Patients and Their Household Contacts

ABSTRACT We examined the immune responses of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and their healthy household contacts to short-term culture filtrate (ST-CF) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or molecular mass fractions derived from it. Our goal was to identify fractions strongly recognized by donors and differences among the donor groups of possible relevance for vaccine development. The study population consisted of 65 human immunodeficiency virus-negative donors from the Hossana Regional Hospital, Hossana, Ethiopia. Peripheral blood leukocytes from the donors were stimulated with different antigens and immune responses were determined. Household contacts produced significantly higher levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) than the TB patients in response to antigens present in ST-CF and the 10 narrow-molecular-mass fractions. A similar difference in leukocyte proliferative responses to the antigens between the two groups was also found. In general, while all fractions stimulated immune responses, the highest activity was seen with the low-molecular-mass fractions, which include well-defined TB antigens such as ESAT-6. Leukocytes from contacts of TB patients with severe disease produced higher levels of antigen-specific IFN-γ than those from contacts of patients with minimal disease. Both groups of contacts exhibited higher cell-mediated responses than the patients themselves. The enhanced immune response of healthy contacts, especially those of patients with severe disease, to secreted mycobacterial antigens is suggestive of an early stage of infection by M. tuberculosis, which could in time result in overt disease or containment of the infection. This possibility is currently being investigated by follow-up studies of the household contacts.
HUMORAL RESPONSE TO CALICIVIRUS IN CAPTIVE TIGERS GIVEN A DUAL-STRAIN VACCINE

Abstract: The current feline vaccine with a single strain of calicivirus has been used for captive tigers, yet it may not protect against virulent systemic calicivirus infections. A cross-institutional study investigated the humoral response to a new dual-strain, killed-virus calicivirus vaccine for nine captive tigers. The subspecies of these tigers were Amur (Panthera tigris altaica), Bengal (Panthera tigris tigris), and Malayan (Panthera tigris jacksoni). Serum neutralization titers for virulent feline calicivirus strain FCV-DD1 were higher following dual-strain vaccine administration. There were no reports of adverse vaccine reactions. Dual-strain vaccination may afford broadened cross-protection against different calicivirus strains and is desirable to reduce the risk of virulent systemic calicivirus disease in tigers.
Syntactic styles in emerging language

ABSTRACT In this longitudinal investigation of the emerging grammar of seven children, differences in linguistic acquisition were observed. The syntactic analyses applied to the corpora included examination of emerging complexity, observance of word order constraints and subject-predicate specification among others. These analyses revealed two distinct styles of syntactic acquisition. These linguistic styles appeared to be sex- and speed-related with specific ties to particular utterance types and grammatical-relational specification. The observed styles of syntactic acquisition were differentiated by these differences so that the differences themselves constituted the style characteristics.
Assessing Motivational Factors in Foreign Language Learning: Cultural Variation in Key Constructs

Assessment in 2nd and foreign language learning has often centered on proficiency, although motivation has been shown to be critical in learning in general, as well as in 2nd and foreign language acquisition specifically. One of the issues relevant to the assessment of motivational processes in this area is that of cultural differences. In much of the existing work, motivational processes and constructs are assumed to be invariant across cultural and linguistic groups. This may be due to limitations in the existing models or in the narrowness of populations sampled. The purpose of this study was to test the robustness of motivational processes in language acquisition across different ethnic subgroups for the purpose of informing efforts to create more valid and sensitive measures. Participants in the study completed a background information survey, a motivation information questionnaire, and a learning outcome questionnaire. Factor analysis yielded 7 factors, and comparative analyses confirmed the importance of cultural and subgroup differences regarding motivational beliefs and suggested the importance of intragroup heterogeneity in future research and theory development. The implications for the development of broader assessment approaches are discussed.
Macroprocesses and Microprocesses in the Development of Summarization Skill

This study explored how students' mental representations of an expository text and the inferences they generated varied as a function of text difficulty and of differences in the task. Ninety-six students from Grades 6 and 10 and college were asked to write summaries of an expository text and then to answer orally several probe questions about the content. Reading difficulty was systematically manipulated at the microstructure and macrostructure processing levels. The results support the prediction of qualitative changes in the way the meaning is represented by different age groups in different text conditions. These are related to the amount and kinds of inferential processes on which the summaries were based. Interestingly, college students generalized the content more in summarizing texts with poor macrostructure than in summarizing texts with good macrostructure. That more macropropositional statements occurred in responding to the probe questions than in the summaries could be explained in terms of t.