Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Successful Anticoagulation and Continuation of Tramadol Therapy in the Setting of a Tramadol‐Warfarin Interaction

Tramadol is a commonly used synthetic opioid with the advantage of lowering the potential for dependence. Two reports of a tramadol‐warfarin drug interaction have been published, and the current product insert states that increased international normalized ratios (INRs) with concomitant tramadol‐warfarin use have been reported. We report a tramadol‐warfarin drug interaction that caused a supratherapeutic INR in a 65‐year‐old man in previously stable condition who was being treated at our anticoagulation clinic. Within 6 days of starting tramadol 50 mg twice/day, the patient's INR rose from 2.5 to 6.14. He elected to continue therapy with the tramadol. A 30% dosage reduction from warfarin 60 to 42 mg/week was eventually needed. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of the successful continuation of tramadol after a tramadol‐warfarin drug interaction. Based on our experience, we suggest an empiric dosage reduction of 25–30% in warfarin followed by repeat measurement of the INR within 1 week in patients who are starting tramadol therapy. As an alternative, maintaining the current dose of warfarin, followed by a repeat INR determination in 3 days, may be appropriate.
Relationship between creativity and academic achievement: A study of gender differences

The objective of this research is to examine if a relationship exists between creativity and academic achievement and if the relationship differs between males and females. Two research questions are examined in this paper: (1) what is the relationship between different aspects of creativity and academic achievement? (2) Is there any significant gender differences regarding the relationship between different aspects of creativity and academic achievement? Participants (N= 153; male = 105 and female = 48) completed creativity test. Cumulative grade point average (CGPA) was used to select the participants. Creativity was measured using the Khatena-Torrance Creative Perception Inventory (KTCPI). Pearson Correlation analysis indicated that aspects of creativity are related to academic achievement for both males and females. However, implications of the findings for this study in creativity and academic achievement are discussed.
How can research organizations more effectively transfer research knowledge to decision makers?

Five questions--What should be transferred to decision makers? To whom should it be transferred? By whom? How? With what effect? --provide an organizing framework for a knowledge transfer strategy. Opportunities for improving how research organizations transfer research knowledge can be found in the differences between the answers suggested by our understanding of the research literature and those provided by research-organization directors asked to describe what they do. In Canada, these opportunities include developing actionable messages for decision makers (only 30 percent of research organizations frequently or always do this), developing knowledge-uptake skills in target audiences and knowledge-transfer skills in research organizations (only 20 to 22 percent frequently or always do this), and evaluating the impact of knowledge-transfer activities (only 8 to 12 percent frequently or always conduct an evaluation). Research funders can help research organizations take advantage of these opportunities.
Violence in video games

Reviews the longstanding and controversial topic of the effects of video game violence on children. Examines existing research and draws on personal experience and an interview with Doug Lowenstein, President of the Entertainment Software Association, for a view from the video game industry. Reports limitations on the significance of the research: some is short‐term, on one type of game only, or not on the most realistic modern games. Concludes however that there is no reason to believe that playing aggressive games leads to an increase long term in aggressive behaviour: there is a lack of longitudinal study evidence, children are usually able to distinguish between fantasy and reality, and playing violent games may actually channel aggression. Indicates the usefulness of parental involvement in their children’s games and of publications like the “Children’s Software Review”.
Activation of histaminergic H3 receptors in the rat basolateral amygdala improves expression of fear memory and enhances acetylcholine release

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is involved in learning that certain environmental cues predict threatening events. Several studies have shown that manipulation of neurotransmission within the BLA affects the expression of memory after fear conditioning. We previously demonstrated that blockade of histaminergic H3 receptors decreased spontaneous release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the BLA of freely moving rats, and impaired retention of fear memory. In the present study, we examined the effect of activating H3 receptors within the BLA on both ACh release and expression of fear memory. Using the microdialysis technique in freely moving rats, we found that the histaminergic H3 agonists R‐α‐methylhistamine (RAMH) and immepip, directly administered into the BLA, augmented spontaneous release of ACh in a similar manner. Levels of ACh returned to baseline on perfusion with control medium. Rats receiving intra‐BLA, bilateral injections of the H3 agonists at doses similar to those enhancing ACh spontaneous release, immediately after contextual fear conditioning, showed stronger memory for the context–footshock association, as demonstrated by longer freezing assessed at retention testing performed 72 h later. Post‐training, bilateral injections of 15 ng oxotremorine also had a similar effect on memory retention, supporting the involvement of the cholinergic system. Thus, our results further support a physiological role for synaptically released histamine, that in addition to affecting cholinergic transmission in the amygdala, modulates consolidation of fear memories
Finite-Time Analysis of Kernelised Contextual Bandits

We tackle the problem of online reward maximisation over a large finite set of actions described by their contexts. We focus on the case when the number of actions is too big to sample all of them even once. However we assume that we have access to the similarities between actions' contexts and that the expected reward is an arbitrary linear function of the contexts' images in the related reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). We propose KernelUCB, a kernelised UCB algorithm, and give a cumulative regret bound through a frequentist analysis. For contextual bandits, the related algorithm GP-UCB turns out to be a special case of our algorithm, and our finite-time analysis improves the regret bound of GP-UCB for the agnostic case, both in the terms of the kernel-dependent quantity and the RKHS norm of the reward function. Moreover, for the linear kernel, our regret bound matches the lower bound for contextual linear bandits.
Pathways of Attention: Synaptic Relationships of Frontal Eye Field to V4, Lateral Intraparietal Cortex, and Area 46 in Macaque Monkey

The frontal eye field (FEF) of the primate neocortex occupies a pivotal position in the matrix of inter-areal projections. In addition to its role in directing saccadic eye movements, it is the source of an attentional signal that modulates the activity of neurons in extrastriate and parietal cortex. Here, we tested the prediction that FEF preferentially excites inhibitory neurons in target areas during attentional modulation. Using the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine, we found that the projections from FEF terminate in all cortical layers of area 46, lateral intraparietal area (LIP), and visual area V4. Axons in layer 1 spread extensively, those in layer 2/3 were most numerous, individual axons in layer 4 formed sprays of collaterals, and those of the deep layers were the finest caliber and irregular. All labeled synapses were the typical asymmetric morphology of excitatory synapses of pyramidal neurons. Dendritic spines were the most frequent synaptic target in all areas (95% in area 46, 89% in V4, 84% in LIP, 78% intrinsic local FEF). The remaining targets were one soma and dendritic shafts, most of which showed characteristics of inhibitory neurons with smooth dendrites (5% of all targets in area 46, 2% in V4, 9% in LIP, and 13% in FEF).
A Sociolinguistic Analysis of the Interpreter’s Role in Simultaneous Talk in a Face-to-Face Interpreted Dialogue

Historically, a common but inaccurate assumption of interpreting has been that interpreters serve as nearly robotic conduits of information, who have little or no impact on the communicative situation in which interpretation is taking place. An interpeter is an active participant when simultaneous or overlapping talk occurs. When primary speakers talk simultaneously, the interpreter recognizes the overlap and makes linguistic choices to resolve the overlap, deciding who will get the turn. Many of the decisions made by the interpreter reflect an understanding and interpretation of the social situation of a meeting between student and professor. The interpreter’s role is active, governed by social and linguistic knowledge of the entire communicative situation, requiring not only competence in the languages but also competence in the appropriate “ways of speaking” and in managing the intercultural event of interpreting.
Improved outcomes following contact with a gambling helpline: the impact of gender on barriers and facilitators

Gambling helplines were developed at a time when evidence for help-seeking was almost entirely based on male gamblers and there is limited evidence that helplines have changed in response to the exponential increase in female gamblers over the past 20 years. The current study aimed to explore the impact of gender on calls to Australian helplines, including caller characteristics, barriers and facilitators to contact as well as call outcomes. We surveyed 170 callers (94% problem gamblers, 61% male) approximately 1 month following their helpline call and found gender differences in terms of age, preferred gambling type, employment and source of referral. Males reported barriers related to pride and problem denial more frequently than females did, and also reported more frequent problems associated with the welfare of others and/or their living arrangements that facilitated their calling. Males and females were equally likely to seek further help from formal, informal and self-help resources. With only 10% of callers not accessing further help, these findings highlight the importance of helplines as a key support for both men and women with gambling problems.
Peace on Earth/War at Home: The Role of Emotion Regulation in Social Justice Work

The present article discusses the role of emotions in translating critical awareness of social inequities into action. Our work is premised on the assumption that emotions play a key role in social justice work by not only fueling capacity for resistance but also hindering ability to resist injustice effectively or even prompting unwitting contribution to oppression. Drawing from the clinical psychology literature, we introduce the concepts of psychological flexibility, emotion regulation, and mindfulness to the discourse on social justice in therapy and counseling. We argue that emotion regulation enhances our capacity for social justice work. We entertain the following questions: Is social justice work influenced by emotions? Do emotions hinder or fuel our work to dismantle systems of injustice?
Comprehension and Production Processes in Second Language Learning: In Search of the Psycholinguistic Rationale of the Output Hypothesis

The output hypothesis claims that production makes the learner move from 'semantic processing' prevalent in comprehension to more 'syntactic processing' that is necessary for second language development. The purpose of this article is to illuminate the psycholinguistic mechanisms that underlie this claim by reviewing previous literature in language acquisition and cognitive psychology on the comprehension and production processes in language use and language learning. In speech comprehension, the interactive and compensatory nature of the human comprehension system can both promote comprehension and hinder language development for second language learners, unless the learners are somehow pushed to attend to form-meaning connections during input processing. In elucidating the mechanisms by which output promotes SLA, it is argued, by drawing on Levelt's (1989, 1992, 1993) speech production model, that the processes of grammatical encoding during production and monitoring to check the matching of the communicative intention and the output enable language learners to assess the possibilities and limitations of their interlanguage capability. This may, under certain conditions, serve as an internal priming device for consciousness raising for the learners, which in turn creates an optimal condition for language learning to take place. It is argued that understanding of the constraints and potentials for learning created by input and output processing is crucial for devising pedagogical tasks that effectively promote interlanguage development.
Functions of English in Puerto Rico

When Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States in 1898 at the end ofthe Spanish American War, both political and linguistic changes occurred. Today the Island which is a Commonwealth associated with the United States has two official languages, Spanish and English. Census data 1910 to 1990 indicate t hat there has been a significant increase in the number of Puerto Ricans reporting they can speak English. This study analyzes data collected in 1976, 1987-88, and 1996 about the changing functions of English on the island as well as more detailed Information about the English-language reading, writing, speahing and comprehension skills of Puerto Ricans.
Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment (PCIA) in Community Development: A Case Study from Mozambique

Peace and conflict impact assessment (PCIA) is a tool that potentially can improve the quality of development work in conflict zones. PCIA’s conceptual strengths and weaknesses are much debated but few studies to date have examined its use in practice. For this article, PCIA was used to structure research on conflict and peace dynamics in post-war Mozambique. The findings address both local peace-building outcomes and the usefulness of PCIA. PCIA functioned well as a tool for situational analysis, richly documenting sources of conflicts, competing claims over resources and rights, and problematic policies on the part of development organisations, government and private actors. Difficulties associated with the gathering of information stemmed from systemic power differentials between ‘researchers’ and ‘respondents’, and intensive demands on time and resources. The article concludes that PCIA, if used flexibly and in dialogue with local people, could prove a valuable complement to existing assessment tools in conflict areas.
Children’s first verbs in Tzeltal: evidence for an early verb category

A major finding in studies of early, vocabulary acquisition has been that children tend to learn a lot of nouns early but make do with relatively few verbs, among which semantically general-purpose verbs like do, make, get, have, give, come, go, and be play a prominent role. The preponderance of nouns is explained in terms of nouns labelling concrete objects being easier to learn than verbs, which label relational categories. Nouns label natural categories observable in the world, verbs label more linguistically and culturally specific categories of events linking objects belonging to such natural categories (Gentner 1978, 1982, Clark 1993). This view has been challenged recently by data from children learning certain non-Indo-European languages like Korean, where children have an early verb explosion and verbs dominate in early child utterances. Children learning the Mayan language Tzeltal also acquire verbs early, prior to any noun explosion as measured by production. Verb types are roughly equivalent to noun types in children's beginning production vocabulary and soon outnumber them. At the one-word stage children's verbs mostly have the form of a root stripped of affixes, correctly segmented despite structural difficulties. Quite early (before the mlu = 2.0 point) there is evidence of productivity of some grammatical markers (although they are not always present): the person-marking affixes cross-referencing core arguments, and the completive/incompletive aspectual distinctions. The Tzeltal facts argue against a natural-categories explanation for children's early vocabulary, in favor of a view emphasizing the early effects of language-specific properties of the input. They suggest that when and how a child acquires a verb category is centrally influenced by the structural properties of the input, and that the semantic structure of the language - where the referential load is concentrated - plays a fundamental role in addition to distributi
La docencia universitaria en Argentina Obstáculos en la carrera académica

This paper analyzes the performance of¨ the mechanisms to hire and promote faculty in Argentine national universities. To accomplish this task, we carried out 156 in-depth interviews with faculty from seven national universities and two fields of knowledge, biology and administration. The faculty stresses the existence of failures in the open competitive contests as the main obstacle both to promotion to higher positions and to obtaining full-time jobs. Their critical observations stress job instability, budget constraints to hold the open competitive contests and their politicization, the criteria used to evaluate the candidates, the jury composition, and competition and its impact on the labor climate. Some universities have tried to overcome the failures in the open competitive contests via the implementation of a “faculty career” (probation-free tenure track) that would introduce an ongoing evaluation mechanism of the teaching performance and guarantee stable posts. In so doing, they had to confront new obstacles: insufficient funds to carry out the promotions, a complex evaluation system with some faculty opposition and high management costs, and the stagnation of the job structure as a consequence of the introduction of permanent posts.
Family Life History and Late Mid-Life Mortality in Norway

Using data on all Norwegians born 1935–68, we analyze the associations between mortality and a combined indicator of fertility and marital or partnership status and history. The focus is on ages 40–73 and the years 1980–2008 (30 million person-years of observations and 117,000 deaths). Among men in first marriages, the childless have 36 percent higher mortality than those with two or more children. The corresponding figure for women is 61 percent. The never-married have higher mortality and are differentiated even more by parenthood status. Thus, childless never-married men and women have mortality three times as high as those who are married and have two or more children. The apparent advantage associated with having at least two children is smallest among men who divorced before their oldest child's tenth birthday. Having step-children has no association with mortality for those without natural children but is associated with higher mortality among the parous.
Antisaccades and smooth pursuit eye tracking and schizotypy.

BACKGROUND Eye tracking deficits are one of a few widely validated behavioral markers of risk for schizophrenia. Recently, it has been proposed that antisaccade performance may also constitute a marker of schizophrenia risk. This study investigated whether eye tracking and antisaccade deficits could be found in another population with putative liability to schizophrenia-nonclinical subjects with elevated scores on a psychometric index of perceptual aberrations. METHODS Subjects were 55 university students who received either high or normal scores on the Perceptual Aberration Scale, a measure of schizotypy indexing body image and perceptual distortions. Subjects completed a smooth pursuit eye tracking task and an antisaccade task. Eye movements were monitored using an infrared limbus tracker. RESULTS Subjects with high Perceptual Aberration Scale scores (putative "schizotypes") had lower pursuit quality and a lower percentage correct on the antisaccade task than the controls. The 2 groups did not differ in antisaccade or error latencies. The increase in antisaccade errors in the schizotypes was accounted for almost entirely by an increase in perseverative errors, but virtually no difference between groups on random errors. Antisaccade performance was significantly related to pursuit quality. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with elevated Perceptual Aberration Scale scores have performance deficits on oculomotor tasks that have been linked to latent liability to schizophrenia, namely, smooth pursuit and antisaccade performance. The antisaccade errors in the schizotype group were primarily perseverations, a behavioral pattern often associated with frontal lobe dysfunction and observed in the performance of schizophrenic patients.
A delicate managerial challenge: how cooperation and integration affect the performance of NPD teams

Multifunctional teams have become commonplace in new product development (NPD) endeavors. Knowledge on the functioning of such teams, however, remains little. In this article two major principles about how these teams function are investigated, team cooperation and team integration. A theoretical discussion indicates that there is not a clear‐cut way to manage team cooperation and team integration in order to achieve high performance. The management of these principles in NPD teams is rather a delicate managerial challenge. These theoretical considerations are statistically examined then. The results show that both team cooperation and team integration are inversely U‐shaped related to NPD team performance. In managerial terms the results imply that creating the right level of team cooperation and team integration managers have to balance their actions between two extremes. The article finishes by presenting opportunities how to do so.
Deep Venous Thrombosis and Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism Revealing Silent Celiac Disease: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic, chronic autoimmune disease that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals following dietary gluten exposure. CD can present with a wide range of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifestations and requires lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet [GFD]. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a presentation of celiac disease is unusual and rarely reported. We present a case of a 46-year-old man who was admitted for shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain and was found to have iron deficiency anemia, deep venous thrombosis, and bilateral pulmonary emboli (PE). After work-up for his anemia, the patient was diagnosed with CD. Comprehensive investigation for inherited or acquired prothrombotic disorders was negative. It is becoming increasingly recognized that CD is associated with an increased risk for VTE. PE, however, as a presentation of CD is exceedingly rare and to the best of our knowledge this is the third case report of such an occurrence and the only case report of a patient from North America. It is important to recognize that the first symptoms or signs of celiac disease might be extraintestinal. Furthermore, VTE as a presentation of CD is rare but life-threatening.