Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two Different Forms of Arousal in Drosophila are Independently and Oppositely Regulated by the Dopamine D1 Receptor DopR via Distinct Neural Circuits

Tim J. Lebestky1,3, Jung-Sook C. Chang1,3, Heiko Dankert1,2, Lihi Zelnik2, Young-Cho Kim4, Kyung-An Han4, Pietro Perona2, and David J. Anderson1,3,5 1Division of Biology 216-76 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 2Division of Engineering and Applied Science 136-93 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 3Howard Hughes Medical Institute California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 4Department of Biology The Huck Institute Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
What Do You Say After You Say Hello? The Psychology of Human Destiny

What Do You Say After You Say Hello? explains what makes the winners win, the losers lose, and the in-betweens so boring.In it, Dr Eric Berne reveals how everyone's life follows a predetermined script - a script they compose for themselves during early childhood. The script may be a sad one, it may be a successful one; it decides how a person will relate to his colleagues, what sort of person he will marry, how many children he will have, and even what sort of bed he will die in.What Do You Say After You Say Hello? demonstrates how each life script gets written, how it works and, more important, how anyone can improvise or change his script to make a happy ending.
Implementing BLAKE with AVX, AVX2, and XOP

In 2013 Intel will release the AVX2 instructions, which introduce 256-bit singleinstruction multiple-data (SIMD) integer arithmetic. This will enable desktop and server processors from this vendor to support 4-way SIMD computation of 64-bit add-rotate-xor algorithms, as well as 8-way 32-bit SIMD computations. AVX2 also includes interesting instructions for cryptographic functions, like any-to-any permute and vectorized table-lookup. In this paper, we explore the potential of AVX2 to speed-up the SHA-3 finalist BLAKE, and present the first working assembly implementations of BLAKE-256 and BLAKE-512 with AVX2. We then investigate the potential of the recent AVX and XOP instructions to accelerate BLAKE, and report new speed records on Sandy Bridge and Bulldozer microarchitectures (7.47 and 11.64 cycles per byte for BLAKE-256, 5.71 and 6.95 for BLAKE-512).
Patterns of Cognitive Development in Infancy.

of infants during the past ten years needs no documentation. A great deal of information about the functioning of infants in both controlled laboratory situations and in more naturalistic settings is being re corded. By means of ingenious adaptations of method and technique, the infant is being enticed to reveal more fully the range of his per ceptual and intellective capabilities, and the infant is showing himself to be more competent than was generally believed (Kessen, 1963). While the evaluations of these efforts have not been uniformly posi tive, an optimistic expectation that the growth in the volume of re search is bound to lead to the field's development as well emerges from many considered statements. Much of this research, however, is atomistic in character. Studies of particular behaviors—sucking, smiling, head-turning, looking at stimuli—abound; but even though such behaviors are usually thought to reflect attentional, memory, or learning functions, they are rarely studied in conjunction with each other to see if they give us a con gruent picture of the infant as a functioning organism. Clearly, there are exceptions (e.g., Bell, Weller, & Waldrop, 1971; Kessen, 1967; Wolff, 1966), but they do not yet constitute a trend. The influence of Piaget's theorizing, which shows so prominently in the research on cognitive development during the preschool and school years, is not very evident in the work pertaining to infancy. It may be that the theory is not very productive with respect to newborns, who still con stitute the most readily accessible source of infant research subjects. Or, it may be that we have lingering suspicions concerning the extent of cognitive functioning in a prelanguage creature, the infant. In any case, the paucity of studies reflecting Piaget's ideas concerning de
Risky Pleasures?: Club Cultures and Feminine Identities

Contents: Introduction The invisible woman? The participation of women on club scenes Gendered experience of club spaces Negotiating the night time economy: women as drug dealers, DJs and club promoters Pleasure and risk: drug use and club scenes Safety, sexuality in the club and in the city Consuming and producing club spaces: the negotiation of risk and pleasure by clubbing women Bibliography Index.
Lixisenatide as add-on therapy to basal insulin

Many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus do not achieve target glycosylated hemoglobin A1c levels despite optimally titrated basal insulin and satisfactory fasting plasma glucose levels. Current evidence suggests that HbA1c levels are dictated by both basal glucose and postprandial glucose levels. This has led to a consensus that postprandial glucose excursions contribute to poor glycemic control in these patients. Lixisenatide is a once-daily, prandial glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist with a four-fold affinity for the GLP-1 receptor compared with native GLP-1. Importantly, lixisenatide causes a significant delay in gastric emptying time, an important determinant of the once-daily dosing regimen. An exendin-4 mimetic with six lysine residues removed at the C-terminal, lixisenatide has pronounced postprandial glucose-lowering effects, making it a novel incretin agent for use in combination with optimally titrated basal insulin. Lixisenatide exerts profound effects on postprandial glucose through established mechanisms of glucose-dependent insulin secretion and glucagon suppression in combination with delayed gastric emptying. This review discusses the likely place that lixisenatide will occupy in clinical practice, given its profound effects on postprandial glucose and potential to reduce glycemic variability.
Antecedents of perceived overqualification: a three-wave study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of job search on perceived overqualification by applying the theory of planned behavior and including financial need and openness to experience as moderators. Design/methodology/approach – Three questionnaires were given at weeks 1, 8 and 12 to 436 practice firm participants. A total of 119 completed all three questionnaires. The authors used partial least squares to analyze the data. Findings – Job search self-efficacy was positively related to job search intentions and to outcome expectations. Job search intentions were positively related to job search intensity. Financial need acted as a moderator of the relationship between job search intensity and perceived overqualification such that for those with high-financial need higher levels of job search intensity resulted in higher perceived overqualification. Research limitations/implications – The authors found little support for the theory of planned behavior in the model. The authors found s.
Attribute-based encryption for circuits

In an attribute-based encryption (ABE) scheme, a ciphertext is associated with an l-bit public index pind and a message m, and a secret key is associated with a Boolean predicate P. The secret key allows to decrypt the ciphertext and learn m iff P(pind) = 1. Moreover, the scheme should be secure against collusions of users, namely, given secret keys for polynomially many predicates, an adversary learns nothing about the message if none of the secret keys can individually decrypt the ciphertext. We present attribute-based encryption schemes for circuits of any arbitrary polynomial size, where the public parameters and the ciphertext grow linearly with the depth of the circuit. Our construction is secure under the standard learning with errors (LWE) assumption. Previous constructions of attribute-based encryption were for Boolean formulas, captured by the complexity class NC1. In the course of our construction, we present a new framework for constructing ABE schemes. As a by-product of our framework, we obtain ABE schemes for polynomial-size branching programs, corresponding to the complexity class LOGSPACE, under quantitatively better assumptions.
Repurchase intentions in a retail store - exploring the impact of colours

The purpose of the paper is to explore the elements that influence customer loyalty in different dominant colour environment in a retail store that sells groceries. Paper explores the relationship between customer satisfaction, exploring the store environment, communications with sales personnel and repurchase intentions in different colour environment. Furthermore, it explores the gender impact on creating customer loyalty in warm, cool and neutral colour environment. Empirical research is conducted using three different colour environments in a retail store that sells groceries. Based on research findings exploring store environment is found to be most influential element that boosts repurchase intentions. Gender stimulated difference between is also found. Influence of exploring the store environment on repurchase intentions in females in warm, cool and neutral- colour environment is evident. Males in both, warm and cool- colour environment communication with sales personnel influences their repurchase intentions. Research contributes to existing body of knowledge of the influence of colours on repurchase intentions in context of South-East European culture. Managerial implications are offered and suggestions for further research provided.
Men´s and women´s economic activity and first marriage: Jews in Israel, 1987-1995

Using both analysis of the effect of lagged economic and current educational characteristics and analysis of life-course changes in these characteristics, this study provides insights into the theoretical debate concerning the relationships between men´s and women´s economic activity and transition to first marriage. Our findings support the men´s economic stability hypothesis, the search hypothesis and the income pooling hypothesis; and counter the women´s economic independence hypothesis, but only to a certain degree. For men, we find a positive effect of employment stability, and a positive effect of earnings, which increase over time. For women, the effect of the salary has an inverse U shape, and employment stability has positive effect on marriage. Over the life course, we find that men who have a continuum of stable employment have the highest odds of first marriage; while women reduce economic activity in anticipation of or due to marriage. Moreover, marriage is postponed for at least two years after educational accumulation is completed.
Investigating the energy consumption of a wireless network interface in an ad hoc networking environment

Energy-aware design and evaluation of network protocols requires knowledge of the energy consumption behavior of actual wireless interfaces. But little practical information is available about the energy consumption behavior of well-known wireless network interfaces and device specifications do not provide information in a form that is helpful to protocol developers. This paper describes a series of experiments which obtained detailed measurements of the energy consumption of an IEEE 802.11 wireless network interface operating in an ad hoc networking environment. The data is presented as a collection of linear equations for calculating the energy consumed in sending, receiving and discarding broadcast and point-to-point data packets of various sizes. Some implications for protocol design and evaluation in ad hoc networks are discussed.
Megadroughts in southwestern North America in ECHO-G millennial simulations and their comparison to proxy drought reconstructions

AbstractSimulated hydroclimate variability in millennium-length forced transient and control simulations from the ECHAM and the global Hamburg Ocean Primitive Equation (ECHO-G) coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) is analyzed and compared to 1000 years of reconstructed Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) variability from the North American Drought Atlas (NADA). The ability of the model to simulate megadroughts in the North American southwest is evaluated. (NASW: 25°–42.5°N, 125°–105°W). Megadroughts in the ECHO-G AOGCM are found to be similar in duration and magnitude to those estimated from the NADA. The droughts in the forced simulation are not, however, temporally synchronous with those in the paleoclimate record, nor are there significant differences between the drought features simulated in the forced and control runs. These results indicate that model-simulated megadroughts can result from internal variability of the modeled climate system rather than as a response to changes .
Genetic Variation in White Matter Hyperintensity Volume in the Framingham Study

Background and Purpose— In a previous study of normal elderly male twins, the heritability of quantitative white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume has been estimated to be high (0.73). We investigated heritability of WMH in a family-based sample of the Framingham Heart Study for sex differences and the impact of age. Methods— Brain magnetic resonance scans were performed on 2012 individuals in the cohort and offspring of the Framingham study. This report was limited to 1330 stroke-free and dementia-free members (mean age 61.0 years) of the Framingham offspring. Individuals with a history of multiple sclerosis, stroke, dementia, or other neurological condition including traumatic brain injury were excluded from this analysis. WMH volume and total cranial volume (TCV) were quantified using a previously published algorithm. Because of extreme skewing, measures of WMH were log-transformed before analysis. Variance components methods were used to estimate heritability of WMH after adjusting for sex, age, age 2, and TCV. Results— In the full dataset, WMH heritability was 0.55 (P <0.0001). Heritability among women was 0.78 (P <0.0001) whereas heritability among men was 0.52 (P <0.0003). Heritability varied as average age increased, with a peak of 0.68 (P <0.0001) in individuals aged 55 or older. Conclusion— Using a family-based study design comprising generally healthy individuals, this study found high heritability of WMH overall and similar heritability for both men and women. In addition, the heritability of WMH remained high among individuals in whom the prevalence of cerebrovascular brain injury was generally low, suggesting that WMH is also likely to be an excellent genetic marker of brain aging.
Molecular Forms of Atrial Natriuretic Factor in Normal and Failing Human Myocardium

BackgroundAtrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is produced by myocardial tissue, and the plasma ANF concentration is known to be elevated in congestive heart failure (CHF). Data from animal models indicate that myocardial concentrations of ANF are depleted in CHF, and this has given rise to the hypothesis that CHF is characterized by depletion of stored ANF. To date, the molecular forms ofANF and their concentrations in atrial and ventricular myocardium remain poorly characterized in the normal and the failing human heart. Methods and ResultsWe measured ANF concentrations in fresh tissue from failing human hearts explanted at the time of cardiac transplantation and from organ donors whose normal hearts could not be used for transplantation. We determined total ANF and a, j, and y ANF concentrations in the right and left atrial appendages, atrial free walls, and ventricles. In normal hearts, ANF concentration in the atrial appendages was 40-fold higher than ANF in the rest of the atrial free wall and in the ventricles. In the failing hearts, atrial appendage ANF concentrations increased 5- to 10-fold, and atrial free wall ANF concentrations increased 200-fold. Analysis of molecular forms ofANF demonstrated significant increases in the y and P3 forms in the left atrial appendage of failing hearts. a, and y ANF forms were also significantly increased in right and left atrial free wall tissue from failing hearts. In addition, failing hearts were characterized by absolute and relative increases in the precursor form y ANF. ConclusionThese data from fresh tissues suggest that cardiac ANF stores are not decreased in severe CHF in humans; rather, chronic CHF is characterized by marked increases in atrial ANF tissue concentrations, particularly the P and y ANF forms. These findings are consistent with intracellular accumulation of precursor ANF forms in severe chronic human CHF.
High dimensional variable selection for gene-environment interactions

Abstract Gene-environment (G×E) interaction plays a pivotal role in understanding the genetic basis of complex disease. When environment factors are measured in a continuous scale, one can assess the genetic sensitivity over different environmental conditions on a disease phenotype. Motivated by the increasing awareness of the power of gene set based association analysis over single variant based approach, we proposed an additive varying-coefficient model to jointly model variants in a genetic system. The model allows us to examine how variants in a set are mediated by one or multiple environment factors to affect a disease phenotype. We approached the problem from a high dimensional variable selection perspective. In particular, we can select variants with varying, constant and zero coefficients, which correspond to cases of G×E interaction, no G×E interaction and no genetic effect, respectively. The procedure was implemented through a two stage iterative estimation algorithm via the Smoothly Clipped Absolute Deviation (SCAD) penalty function. Under certain regularity conditions, we established the consistency property in variable selection as well as effect separation of the two stage iterative estimators, and showed the optimal convergence rates of the estimates for varying effects. In addition, we showed that the estimate of non-zero constant coefficients enjoy the oracle property. The utility of our procedure was demonstrated through simulation studies and real data analysis.
Control of oligodendrocyte generation and proliferation by Shp2 protein tyrosine phosphatase

Extracellular signals play essential roles in controlling the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the developing central nervous system. However, the intracellular pathways that transduce these extrinsic signals remain to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that conditional ablation of the nonreceptor tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 in Olig1‐expressing oligodendrocyte lineage resulted in dramatic reduction in the generation and proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the spinal cord. Maturation and myelination of oligodendrocytes were also compromised in the Shp2 mutants. The deficits in oligodendrocyte development in Shp2 mutants nearly phenocopied those observed in PDGF‐A mutants, suggesting that Shp2 is a crucial component in transducing PDGF‐A signals in the control of oligodendrocyte proliferation and maturation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A maximum likelihood method for driver-specific critical-gap estimation

In this work, we introduce a maximum likelihood (ML) method to estimate the smallest accepted gap of a specific driver, the so-called critical gap. Previous methods, like Troutbeck's or Raff's method, are well known and widely used but require a consistently behaving driver, which is usually not met. The methods will be investigated for the personalization of an intersection assistant, which we are currently developing. We start with the hypothesis that the size that constitutes an acceptable gap is driver-dependent. To test this hypothesis, we have performed a simulator study with 9 participants. The results reveal that there is a significant inter-individual difference in the critical gap between the drivers, as postulated. Next we investigate how well we can predict which gap the driver will take when we use the previously estimated personalized critical gap versus a driver independent one. Using the personalized gap compared to a driver independent one reduces the error from 11.8 % to 9 8 %. These results are a clear indication that personalization can be utilized to increase the effectiveness and usability of an intersection assistant.
Immuno-gene therapy of established prostate tumors using chimeric receptor-redirected human lymphocytes.

Targeted adoptive immunotherapy is an attractive option for prostate cancer given its accessible primary location, the presence of specific tissue and tumor antigens, and the acceptability of collateral destruction of healthy prostrate tissue. The "T-body" approach, which uses genetically programmed, patient-derived lymphocytes transfected with chimeric receptor genes, combines the effector functions of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells with the ability of antibodies to recognize predefined surface antigens with high specificity and in a non-MHC restricted manner. We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of anti-erbB2 chimeric receptor-bearing human lymphocytes on human prostate cancer xenografts in a SCID mouse model. Local delivery of erbB2-specific T bodies to well-established s.c. and orthotopic tumors, together with systemic administration of interleukin-2, resulted in retardation of both tumor growth and prostate-specific antigen secretion, prolongation of survival, and complete tumor elimination in a significant number of mice. These preclinical studies demonstrate the therapeutic potential of the T-body approach for locally advanced or recurrent prostate cancer as an adjunct to, or after, conventional therapy.
Strategic decision making

An air-cooling heat dissipation device is provided for removing heat from an electronic component. The air-cooling heat dissipation device includes a supporting substrate, an air pump and a heat sink. The supporting substrate includes a top surface, a bottom surface, an introduction opening and a thermal conduction plate. The thermal conduction plate is located over the top surface of the supporting substrate and aligned with the introduction opening. The electronic component is disposed on the thermal conduction plate. The air pump is fixed on the bottom surface of the supporting substrate and aligned with the introduction opening. The heat sink is attached on the electronic component. When the air pump is enabled, an ambient air is introduced into the introduction opening to remove the heat from the thermal conduction plate.
Detecting Malicious Websites by Integrating Malicious, Benign, and Compromised Redirection Subgraph Similarities

To expose more users to threats of drive-by download attacks, attackers compromise vulnerable websites discovered by search engines and redirect clients to malicious websites created with exploit kits. Security researchers and vendors have tried to prevent the attacks by detecting malicious data, i.e., malicious URLs, web content, and redirections. However, attackers conceal a part of malicious data with evasion techniques to circumvent detection systems. In this paper, we propose a system for detecting malicious websites without collecting all malicious data. Even if we cannot observe a part of malicious data, we can always observe compromised websites. Since vulnerable websites are discovered by search engines, compromised websites have similar traits. Therefore, we built a classifier by leveraging not only malicious websites but also compromised websites. More precisely, we convert all websites observed at the time of access into a redirection graph and classify it by integrating similarities between its subgraphs and redirection subgraphs shared across malicious, benign, and compromised websites. As a result of evaluating our system with crawling data of 455,860 websites, we found that the system achieved a 91.7% true positive rate for malicious websites containing exploit URLs at a low false positive rate of 0.1%. Moreover, it detected 143 more evasive malicious websites than conventional systems.