Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Prediction in Social Media

In this paper, we explore the task of gender classification using limited network data with an application to Fotolog. We take a heuristic approach to automating gender inference based on username, followers and network structure. We test our approach on a subset of 100,000 nodes and analyze our results to find that there is a lot of value in these limited information and that there is great promise in further pursuing this approach to classification.
Occurrence of the off-host life stages of Tunga penetrans (Siphonaptera) in various environments in Brazil

Abstract To explore the local transmission dynamics of Tunga penetrans in brazil, 134 soil samples from various environments were collected in three different endemic regions of the country and checked for the presence of the flea's larvae, pupae and adults. the samples, which came from an urban slum in the north–east, a village of xavante indians in the central–west and a community of yanomami indians living in traditional longhouses (malocas) in the north, were categorized as indoor, outdoor or indoor–outdoor (the latter representing samples collected in the malocas). The proportion of samples found positive for T. penetrans was lowest in the slum (9.3%) and highest in the Yanomami village (32.0%; P=0.01). Soil samples collected below bedsteads or hammocks or from the indoor resting places of dogs were significantly more likely to be positive than the indoor samples collected at other sites (65.0% v. 35.0%; P=0.02). There was no evidence indicating that the presence of T. penetrans in a soil sample was markedly affected by soil temperature, air temperature or air humidity. As no life stages of T. penetrans were found in any outdoor sample, it seems likely that, in resource-poor settings in Brazil, most transmission of T. penetrans occurs indoors. Control measures against the off-host life stages of T. penetrans should therefore be targeted at particular indoor micro-environments.
Contracts for domain-specific languages in Ruby

This paper concerns object-oriented embedded DSLs, which are popular in the Ruby community but have received little attention in the research literature. Ruby DSLs implement language keywords as implicit method calls to self; language structure is enforced by adjusting which object is bound to self in different scopes. While Ruby DSLs are powerful and elegant, they suffer from a lack of specification. In this paper, we introduce contracts for Ruby DSLs, which allow us to attribute blame appropriately when there are inconsistencies between an implementation and client. We formalize Ruby DSL contract checking in DSL, a core calculus that uses premethods with instance evaluation to enforce contracts. We then describe RDL, an implementation of Ruby DSL contracts. Finally, we present two tools that automatically infer RDL contracts: TypeInfer infers simple, type-like contracts based on observed method calls, and DSLInfer infers DSL keyword scopes and nesting by generating and testing candidate DSL usages based on initial examples. The type contracts generated by TypeInfer work well enough, though they are limited in precision by the small number of tests, while DSLInfer finds almost all DSL structure. Our goal is to help users understand a DSL from example programs.
Analysis of Lossy Inhomogeneous Planar Layers Using Fourier Series Expansion

A new method is introduced for frequency domain analysis of arbitrary lossy inhomogeneous planar layers (IPLs). In this method, all distributed electric and magnetic parameters of IPLs are expanded in Fourier series and also a periodic IPL is made from cascading infinite number of desired IPL. The reflection and transmission coefficients of desired IPL are obtained after finding the propagation constant and the characteristic impedances of its periodic model. The validity of the method is verified using analysis of some special types of planar layers
Comparison of pharmacokinetics and milk elimination of flunixin in healthy cows and cows with mastitis.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether pharmacokinetics and milk elimination of flunixin and 5-hydroxy flunixin differed between healthy and mastitic cows. DESIGN Prospective controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS 20 lactating Holstein cows. PROCEDURES Cows with mastitis and matched control cows received flunixin IV, ceftiofur IM, and cephapirin or ceftiofur, intramammary. Blood samples were collected before (time 0) and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 36 hours after flunixin administration. Composite milk samples were collected at 0, 2, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 hours. Plasma and milk samples were analyzed by use of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. RESULTS For flunixin in plasma samples, differences in area under the concentration-time curve and clearance were detected between groups. Differences in flunixin and 5-hydroxy flunixin concentrations in milk were detected at various time points. At 36 hours after flunixin administration (milk withdrawal time), 8 cows with mastitis had 5-hydroxy flunixin concentrations higher than the tolerance limit (ie, residues). Flunixin residues persisted in milk up to 60 hours after administration in 3 of 10 mastitic cows. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pharmacokinetics and elimination of flunixin and 5-hydroxy flunixin in milk differed between mastitic and healthy cows, resulting in violative residues. This may partially explain the high number of flunixin residues reported in beef and dairy cattle. This study also raised questions as to whether healthy animals should be used when determining withdrawal times for meat and milk.
Inhibitory Dendrite Dynamics as a General Feature of the Adult Cortical Microcircuit

The mammalian neocortex is functionally subdivided into architectonically distinct regions that process various types of information based on their source of afferent input. Yet, the modularity of neocortical organization in terms of cell type and intrinsic circuitry allows afferent drive to continuously reassign cortical map space. New aspects of cortical map plasticity include dynamic turnover of dendritic spines on pyramidal neurons and remodeling of interneuron dendritic arbors. While spine remodeling occurs in multiple cortical regions, it is not yet known whether interneuron dendrite remodeling is common across primary sensory and higher-level cortices. It is also unknown whether, like pyramidal dendrites, inhibitory dendrites respect functional domain boundaries. Given the importance of the inhibitory circuitry to adult cortical plasticity and the reorganization of cortical maps, we sought to address these questions by using two-photon microscopy to monitor interneuron dendritic arbors of thy1-GFP-S transgenic mice expressing GFP in neurons sparsely distributed across the superficial layers of the neocortex. We find that interneuron dendritic branch tip remodeling is a general feature of the adult cortical microcircuit, and that remodeling rates are similar across primary sensory regions of different modalities, but may differ in magnitude between primary sensory versus higher cortical areas. We also show that branch tip remodeling occurs in bursts and respects functional domain boundaries.
Regional differences in residential environments and the association of dwellings and residential factors with the sick house syndrome: a nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire study in Japan.

UNLABELLED This study was conducted to clarify regional differences in residential factors and the association of those factors with dwellings having sick house syndrome (SHS) problems. The survey was conducted in six areas of northern and southern Japan. In terms of regional differences, dampness was not as severe in the dwellings in Sapporo as compared with that in areas in the south. SHS was defined using five categories of nasal, throat and respiratory, skin and general symptoms, which appeared frequently or not frequently and improved upon leaving the home. The dampness index was estimated by the sum of the presence of several indicators: condensation on the window panes and/or wall, visible mold growth, moldy odor, slow-drying wet towels in the bathroom, and water leakage. The dwellings where inhabitants showed any symptoms of SHS comprised 3.7% of all surveyed dwellings. We found significant associations between SHS and dampness index, odors, and stuffiness of the air. For dampness, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) increased with increased dampness index, adjusting for the age of the house, pets indoors, stuffiness of the air, and odors. These results showed an increased risk when several dampness indicators appeared simultaneously. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS To evaluate the associations of residential environments and Sick House Syndrome (SHS), this cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted on 2297 dwellings in six areas in Japan from 2003 to 2004. The dwellings where inhabitants showed any of nasal, throat and respiratory, skin and general symptoms comprised 3.7% of all surveyed dwellings, and an increased risk for SHS was found when several dampness indicators, 'condensation', 'visible mold growth', 'moldy odor', 'slow drying wet towels in the bathroom' and 'water leakage', appeared simultaneously.
In vitro bond strength and fatigue stress test evaluation of different adhesive cements used for fixed space maintainer cementation

Objective: The purposes of this research were to (1) compare the shear-peel bond strength (SPBS) of a band of a fixed space maintainer (SM) cemented with five different adhesive cements; and (2) compare the survival time of bands of SM with each cement type after simulating mechanical fatigue stress . Materials and Methods: Seventy-five teeth were used to assess retentive strength and another 50 teeth were used to assess the fatigue survival time. SPBS was determined with a universal testing machine. Fatigue testing was conducted in a ball mill device. Results: The mean survival time of bands cemented with R & D series Nova Glass-LC (6.2 h), Transbond Plus (6.7 h), and R & D series Nova Resin (6.8 h) was significantly longer than for bands cemented with Ketac-Cem (5.4 h) and GC Equia (5.2 h) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Although traditional glass ionomer cement (GIC) cement presented higher retentive strength than resin-based cements (resin, resin modified GIC, and compomer cement), resin based cements, especially dual cure resin cement (nova resin cement) and compomer (Transbond Plus), can be expected to have lower failure rates for band cementation than GIC (Ketac-Cem) in the light of the results of the ball mill test.
Brain Tumor Imaging in Clinical Trials

SUMMARY: There are substantial challenges in the radiologic evaluation of tumor size during clinical trials, and it is important for neuroradiologists to have a firm understanding of these issues. This review will examine measurement approaches, response criteria, selection of lesions for measurement, technical imaging considerations, interval between tumor measurements and response confirmation, and validity of imaging as a measure of efficacy.
The PhoP-Dependent ncRNA Mcr7 Modulates the TAT Secretion System in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The PhoPR two-component system is essential for virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis where it controls expression of approximately 2% of the genes, including those for the ESX-1 secretion apparatus, a major virulence determinant. Mutations in phoP lead to compromised production of pathogen-specific cell wall components and attenuation both ex vivo and in vivo. Using antibodies against the native protein in ChIP-seq experiments (chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing) we demonstrated that PhoP binds to at least 35 loci on the M. tuberculosis genome. The PhoP regulon comprises several transcriptional regulators as well as genes for polyketide synthases and PE/PPE proteins. Integration of ChIP-seq results with high-resolution transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) revealed that PhoP controls 30 genes directly, whilst regulatory cascades are responsible for signal amplification and downstream effects through proteins like EspR, which controls Esx1 function, via regulation of the espACD operon. The most prominent site of PhoP regulation was located in the intergenic region between rv2395 and PE_PGRS41, where the mcr7 gene codes for a small non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Northern blot experiments confirmed the absence of Mcr7 in an M. tuberculosis phoP mutant as well as low-level expression of the ncRNA in M. tuberculosis complex members other than M. tuberculosis. By means of genetic and proteomic analyses we demonstrated that Mcr7 modulates translation of the tatC mRNA thereby impacting the activity of the Twin Arginine Translocation (Tat) protein secretion apparatus. As a result, secretion of the immunodominant Ag85 complex and the beta-lactamase BlaC is affected, among others. Mcr7, the first ncRNA of M. tuberculosis whose function has been established, therefore represents a missing link between the PhoPR two-component system and the downstream functions necessary for successful infection of the host.
Emerging non-volatile memories: Opportunities and challenges

In recent years, non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies have emerged as candidates for future universal memory. N-VMs generally have advantages such as low leakage power, high density, and fast read spead. At the same time, NVM-s also have disadvantages. For example, NVMs often have asymetric read and write speed and energy cost, which poses new challenges when applying NVMs. This paper contains a collection of four contributions, presenting basic introduction on three emerging NVM technologies, their unique characteristics, potential challenges, and new opportunities that they may bring forward in memory systems.
On pseudoknot words and their properties ?

We study a generalization of the classical notions of bordered and unbordered words, motivated by biomolecular computing. DNA strands can be viewed as finite strings over the alphabet {A, G, C, T}, and are used in biomolecular computing to encode information. Due to the fact that A is Watson-Crick (WK) complementary to T and G to C, DNA single strands that are WK complementary can bind to each other or to themselves forming so-called secondary structures. Secondary structures are usually undesirable for biomolecular computational purposes since the strands involved in such structures cannot further interact with other strands. This paper studies pseudoknot-bordered words, a mathematical formalization of a common secondary structure, the pseudoknot. We obtain several properties of WK-pseudoknotbordered and -unbordered words. One of the main results of the paper is that a sufficient condition for a WK-pseudoknot-unbordered word u to result in all words in u+ being WK-pseudoknot-unbordered is for u not to be primitive word. All our results hold for arbitrary antimorphic involutions, of which the WK complementarity function is a particular case.
Paladyn Journal of Behavioral Robotics a Formalism for Learning from Demonstration *

The paper describes and formalizes the concepts and assumptions involved in Learning from Demonstration (LFD), a common learning technique used in robotics. LFD-related concepts like goal, generalization, and repetition are here defined, analyzed, and put into context. Robot behaviors are described in terms of trajectories through information spaces and learning is formulated as mappings between some of these spaces. Finally, behavior primitives are introduced as one example of good bias in learning, dividing the learning process into the three stages of behavior segmentation, behavior recognition, and behavior coordination. The formalism is exemplified through a sequence learning task where a robot equipped with a gripper arm is to move objects to specific areas. The introduced concepts are illustrated with special focus on how bias of various kinds can be used to enable learning from a single demonstration, and how ambiguities in demonstrations can be identified and handled.
Amino Acids Aided Sintering for the Formation of Highly Porous FeAl Intermetallic Alloys

Fabrication of metallic foams by sintering metal powders mixed with thermally degradable compounds is of interest for numerous applications. Compounds releasing gaseous nitrogen, minimizing interactions between the formed gases and metallic foam by diluting other combustion products, were applied. Cysteine and phenylalanine, were used as gas releasing agents during the sintering of elemental Fe and Al powders in order to obtain metallic foams. Characterization was carried out by optical microscopy with image analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and gas permeability tests. Porosity of the foams was up to 42 ± 3% and 46 ± 2% for sintering conducted with 5 wt % cysteine and phenylalanine, respectively. Chemical analyses of the formed foams revealed that the oxygen content was below 0.14 wt % and the carbon content was below 0.3 wt %. Therefore, no brittle phases could be formed that would spoil the mechanical stability of the FeAl intermetallic foams. The gas permeability tests revealed that only the foams formed in the presence of cysteine have enough interconnections between the pores, thanks to the improved air flow through the porous materials. The foams formed with cysteine can be applied as filters and industrial catalysts.
Sobre subjetividad y (tele)trabajo. Una revisión crítica

En un contexto de importantes transformaciones politico-economicas y sociales, el teletrabajo se constituye en un fenomeno que integra muchos de los factores clave de cambio: flexibilidad, Tecnologias de la Informacion y la Comunicacion (TIC) y nuevas dinamicas de interaccion. Con el objetivo de analizar la relacion subjetividad-teletrabajo, este articulo recoge aproximaciones teoricas y empiricas de diferentes autores respecto al sujeto, la subjetividad y el (tele)trabajo. Se encuentran variadas posturas, desde las que lo consideran como una degradacion del trabajo en cuanto su funcion social y personal, con perversos efectos subjetivos, hasta las que lo analizan como reto, como oportunidad de generar dinamicas, espacios, relaciones y, por supuesto, proyectos ontologicos nuevos.
Theory support for weak higher order abstract syntax in Isabelle/HOL

We describe the theoretical underpinnings to support the construction of an extension to the Isabelle/HOL theorem prover to support the creation of datatypes for weak higher-order abstract syntax, and give an example of its application. This theoretical basis is centered around the concept of variable types (i.e. types whose elements are variables), and the concept of two terms in a given type having the "same structure" up to a given set of substitutions (the difference set) of one variable for another as allowed by that set. We provide an axiomatization of types for which the notion of having the same structure is well-behaved with the axiomatic class of same_struct_thy. We show that being a same_struct_thy is preserved by products, sums and certain function spaces. Within a same_struct_thy, not all terms necessarily have the same structure as anything, including themselves. Those terms having the same structure as themselves relative to the empty difference set are said to be proper. A proper function from variables to terms corresponds to an abstraction of a variable in a term and also corresponds to substitution of variables for that variable in the term. Proper functions form the basis for a formalization of weak higher-order abstract syntax.
EFFECTS OF SALVIA MILTIORRHIZAE ON THE KIDNEY OF RATS WITH SEVERE ACUTE PANCREATITIS AND OBSTRUTIVE JAUNDICE

Background: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and obstructive jaundice (OJ) are frequent recurring diseases that bring about huge threat to human health. Some reports have demonstrated that Salviae miltiorrhizae can protect multiple organs of SAP and OJ model animals or patients, but their related mechanisms were not clear. In this study, we observed the effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae injection on apoptosis and NF-κB expression in kidney and explored the protective effect and mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhizae on the kidney of SAP or OJ rats. The results obtained will provide a theoretical basis for clinical application of Salvia miltiorrhizae. Material and Methods: A total of 288 rats were used for SAP -and OJ-associated experiments. The mortality rates of rats, the contents of serum BUN and CREA, the expression levels of Bax, NF-κB proteins and the apoptosis index were observed, respectively. Results: The pathological changes in the kidney of SAP or OJ rats in treated group were mitigated to varying degrees. At 6 and 12 hours after operation in SAP rats or on 21 and 28 days after operation in OJ rats, the contents of serum CREA in treated group were significantly lower than those in model control group; At 3 and 6 hours after operation, the staining intensity of Bax protein of kidney in treated group was significantly lower than that in model control group; on 14 days after operation, the apoptosis index in the kidney of OJ rats in treated group was significantly lower than that in model control group. Conclusion: Salvia miltiorrhizae can exert protective effects on the kidney of SAP and OJ rats.
Can Rational Choice Cope with Identity

Social identity poses one of the most important challenges to rational choice theory, but rational choice theorists do not hold a common position regarding identity. On the one hand, externalist rational choice ignores the concept of identity or reduces it to revealed preferences. On the other hand, internalist rational choice considers identity as a key concept in explaining social action, because it permits expressive motivations to be included in the models. However, internalist theorists tend to reduce identity to desire -the desire of a person to express her social being. From an internalist point of view, that is, from a viewpoint in which not only desires but also beliefs play a key role in social explanations as mental entities, this paper rejects externalist reductionism and proposes a redefinition of social identity as a net of beliefs about oneself, beliefs that are indexical, robust and socially shaped.
Socio-Geography of Human Mobility: A Study Using Longitudinal Mobile Phone Data

A relationship between people’s mobility and their social networks is presented based on an analysis of calling and mobility traces for one year of anonymized call detail records of over one million mobile phone users in Portugal. We find that about 80% of places visited are within just 20km of their nearest (geographical) social ties’ locations. This figure rises to 90% at a ‘geo-social radius’ of 45km. In terms of their travel scope, people are geographically closer to their weak ties than strong ties. Specifically, they are 15% more likely to be at some distance away from their weak ties than strong ties. The likelihood of being at some distance from social ties increases with the population density, and the rates of increase are higher for shorter geo-social radii. In addition, we find that area population density is indicative of geo-social radius where denser areas imply shorter radii. For example, in urban areas such as Lisbon and Porto, the geo-social radius is approximately 7km and this increases to approximately 15km for less densely populated areas such as Parades and Santa Maria da Feira.