Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep Duration and Academic Performance Among Student Pharmacists

Objective. To identify sleep patterns and frequency of daytime sleepiness and to assess the association between sleep duration and academic performance among student pharmacists. Methods. A cross-sectional design was used. An anonymous self-administered paper questionnaire was administered to first-year through third-year students at a pharmacy school. Results. Questionnaires were completed by 364 student pharmacists (79.4% response rate and 93.8% cooperation rate). More than half of student pharmacists obtained less than 7 hours of sleep at night during a typical school week (54.7%) and a large majority on the night prior to an examination (81.7%). Almost half (47.8%) felt daytime sleepiness almost every day. Longer sleep duration the night prior to an examination was associated with higher course grades and semester grade point averages (GPAs). Conclusion. A majority of student pharmacists had suboptimal durations of sleep, defined as fewer than 7 hours. Adequate sleep the night prior to an examination was positively associated with student course grades and semester GPAs.
A Scalable Approach for Sentiment Analysis of Turkish Tweets and Linking Tweets to News

We present a framework for sentiment analysis on tweets related to news items. Given a set of tweets and news items, our framework classifies tweets as positive or negative and links them to the related news items. For the classification of tweets we use three of the most used machine learning methods, namely Naive Bayes, Complementary Naive Bayes, and Logistic Regression, and for linking tweets to news items, Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are used, including Zemberek NLP library for stemming and morphological analysis and then bag-of-words method for mapping. To test the framework, we collected 6000 tweets and labeled them manually to build a classifier for sentiment analysis. We considered tweets and news in Turkish language only in this work. Our results show that Naive Bayes performs well on classifying tweets in Turkish.
Have careers become boundaryless?

The idea the boundaryless career has recently permeated the careers literature. However, critics have claimed that the concept is fuzzy and difficult to operationalize. Moreover, one of the core assumptions, namely the collapse of traditional organizational careers allied to increasing mobility across organizational boundaries, has rarely been seriously analysed in the careers literature. This article aims to take forward the analysis of the boundaryless career concept in two ways. First, we discuss its conceptual and operational problems. We argue that the current debate, focused on the permeability of organizational boundaries, fails fully to address the complexity of contemporary careers. Second, we integrate contributions from labour economics on job stability to argue that the assumption of the collapse of the traditional career model is not supported by the evidence. In our conclusions, we draw on boundary theory to outline the potential of a different approach to the conceptualization of career boundaries.
The cost of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in community dwelling Alzheimer's disease patients

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are highly prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. They are a source of distress for the caregivers and one of the main reasons for nursing home placement, which is the major component of the cost of Alzheimer's disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the direct and indirect cost related to the care of BPSD within a prospective study examining the overall cost of AD in Israel.
Homework and stress : differences in experiences based on sex and diagnosis of learning disabilities

This study looked at differences in homework experiences (i.e., stress, problems, difficulty, and parental involvement) of fourth and fifth grades based on sex and diagnosis of learning disability. The differences in primary and secondary homework helper and their frustration and time spent on activities after school were also explored. Qualitative analyses were conducted for students with a learning disability and their parents, and MANOVA and Chi-square analyses were conducted for males and females without a learning disability and their mothers. Results indicated that males experience more stress during homework than females; males play more minutes of video games after school than females; and females read (not assigned as homework) after school more than males. No significant differences were found based on homework experiences (i.e., problems, difficulty, and parental involvement), primary and secondary homework helper and their frustration, and time spent on activities after school (i.e., homework, watching television, playing video games, reading, playing sports, and playing outside).
Voluntary Association Membership and Social Cleavages: A Micro-Macro Link in Generalized Trust

Generalized trust varies across individuals and countries. Past studies on trust have demonstrated that voluntary association membership, inequality and ethnic homogeneity at country level are important. However, those studies examined either individual-level or country-level factors separately. In this paper, we conceptualized the emergence of generalized trust as a multilevel process in which the effects of individual-level attributes are influenced by social contexts. Using a multilevel modeling approach on World Values Survey in 48 countries, we estimated a cross-level interaction between voluntary association membership at individual level and income inequality and ethnic homogeneity as two types of social cleavages at country level. We found that the positive effect of voluntary association membership decreases with the level of income inequality.
Intensity Bias in Affective Forecasting: The Role of Temporal Focus

In five studies, university students predicted their affective reactions to a wide variety of positive and negative future events. In Studies 1 to 3, participants also reported the affective reactions they experienced when the target event occurred. As hypothesized, they tended to anticipate more intense reactions than they actually experienced. In Studies 3 to 5, a cognitive determinant of this “intensity bias” was examined. It was hypothesized that people anticipate stronger affective reactions when they focus narrowly on an upcoming event in a manner that neglects past experience and less intense reactions when they consider a set of relevant previous experiences. Evidence from thought-listing measures as well as an experimental manipulation of temporal focus supported this hypothesis.
Isolation and Identification of Fungal Species Associated With the Spoilage of Some Selected Edible Fruits in Iree Town Of Boripe Local Government , Osun State , Nigeria

Four Spoilage fruits were investigated in this study. They were pawpaw (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Orange (Citrus sinensis) and Tomato (Lyeoptersieon esculentum), which were collected from a market at Iree town. All the fruits collected showed signs of spoilage by fungal species. The fungal species isolated were Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis, Phytophthora sp. , Fusarium oxysporum and Mucus sp. Among all, Aspergillus species had the highest rate of occurrence followed by Rhizopus and Candida species while Phytophthora sp. , Mucus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the least. Finally, the pathogenicity tests showed that all the fungi isolated were pathogenic to all the fruits.
What You Don't Know Can't Help You

A number of recent studies in L1 listening comprehension have shown that background knowledge plays a crucial role in the comprehension process. The purpose of the present article is threefold: (a) to review the literature on background knowledge, (b) to present the findings of pertinent L1 and L2 research, and (c) to report the results of a preliminary study of L2 listening comprehension and background knowledge.
OGFOD1 catalyzes prolyl hydroxylation of RPS23 and is involved in translation control and stress granule formation

Significance Members of the 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenase superfamily catalyze a range of important biological oxidations. Structurally informed bioinformatic predictions suggest that the human genome encodes as yet unassigned members of the superfamily. We describe work demonstrating that 2OG and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase domain-containing protein 1 (OGFOD1) is a protein hydroxylase that modifies the small ribosomal subunit protein RPS23 at a conserved prolyl residue in the ribosome-decoding center and that suppression or deletion of OGFOD1 is associated with the activation of translational stress pathways. Together with studies of homologous genes in flies and yeast described in accompanying manuscripts, the work identifies a unique function for 2OG oxygenase-catalyzed hydroxylation in ribosome biology. 2-Oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase domain-containing protein 1 (OGFOD1) is predicted to be a conserved 2OG oxygenase, the catalytic domain of which is related to hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases. OGFOD1 homologs in yeast are implicated in diverse cellular functions ranging from oxygen-dependent regulation of sterol response genes (Ofd1, Schizosaccharomyces pombe) to translation termination/mRNA polyadenylation (Tpa1p, Saccharomyces cerevisiae). However, neither the biochemical activity of OGFOD1 nor the identity of its substrate has been defined. Here we show that OGFOD1 is a prolyl hydroxylase that catalyzes the posttranslational hydroxylation of a highly conserved residue (Pro-62) in the small ribosomal protein S23 (RPS23). Unusually OGFOD1 retained a high affinity for, and forms a stable complex with, the hydroxylated RPS23 substrate. Knockdown or inactivation of OGFOD1 caused a cell type-dependent induction of stress granules, translational arrest, and growth impairment in a manner complemented by wild-type but not inactive OGFOD1. The work identifies a human prolyl hydroxylase with a role in translational regulation.
Why best cannot last: Cultural differences in predicting regression toward the mean

Four studies were conducted to investigate cultural differences in predicting and understanding regression toward the mean.We demonstrated, with tasks in such domains as athletic competition, health and weather, that Chinese are more likely than Canadians to make predictions that are consistent with regression toward the mean. In addition, Chinese are more likely than Canadians to choose a regression-consistent explanation to account for regression toward the mean. The findings are consistent with cultural differences in lay theories about how people, objects and events develop over time.
Adopting Ambulatory Breast Cancer Surgery as the Standard of Care in an Asian Population

Introduction. Ambulatory surgery is not commonly practiced in Asia. A 23-hour ambulatory (AS23) service was implemented at our institute in March 2004 to allow more surgeries to be performed as ambulatory procedures. In this study, we reviewed the impact of the AS23 service on breast cancer surgeries and reviewed surgical outcomes, including postoperative complications, length of stay, and 30-day readmission. Methods. Retrospective review was performed of 1742 patients who underwent definitive breast cancer surgery from 1 March 2004 to 31 December 2010. Results. By 2010, more than 70% of surgeries were being performed as ambulatory procedures. Younger women (P < 0.01), those undergoing wide local excision (P < 0.01) and those with ductal carcinoma-in situ or early stage breast cancer (P < 0.01), were more likely to undergo ambulatory surgery. Six percent of patients initially scheduled for ambulatory surgery were eventually managed as inpatients; a third of these were because of perioperative complications. Wound complications, 30-day readmission and reoperation rates were not more frequent with ambulatory surgery. Conclusion. Ambulatory breast cancer surgery is now the standard of care at our institute. An integrated workflow facilitating proper patient selection and structured postoperativee outpatient care have ensured minimal complications and high patient acceptance.
The impact of Operational Performance Reviews on reported crime in Queensland

This paper is important for three reasons. The first is that it evaluates the impact of a significant change in the strategic management of police focused on driving down recorded crime rates. The second is that it highlights the continued professionalisation of policing in the willingness of Queensland Police Service (QPS) to contribute to the peer reviewed evidence or knowledge base on what works and what doesn't. Third, it highlights what can be achieved through a successful collaboration between researchers and practitioners. The paper finds that Operational Performance Reviews (OPRs) had a significant impact in reducing certain crime categories in some Queensland police districts. The effects were large enough to influence the overall decline in crime and the initiative resulted in savings to the community. These findings will result in some debate as there are always limitations to social science data and often competing explanations. In this case, the observed declines occurred at the same time as recorded crime had been dropping across the nation and other factors such as the impact of changing illegal drug markets and incapacitation effects, might also have contributed to the change. Unfortunately, longitudinal data on these events at the level of police districts are lacking. This paper highlights what can be done with existing data sources and sophisticated statistical analysis. However, significant investment in building long-term linked small area data including crime and other social indicators, and making that data widely available for research, would ultimately improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the $7.2 billion that is spent on criminal justice each year in Australia.
Mood and the subjective risk of future events

Abstract In three experiments we investigated the relationship between mood and risk estimation. In Experiment 1, mood was changed by having subjects imagine a series of either positive or negative events. Judgements of future event likelihoods were biased in a global fashion; i.e. events which were used in the mood manipulation did not change to a greater degree than similarly valenced events not used in the manipulation. The results of Experiments 2 and 3 suggest that the failure to find specific biasing for those events used to change mood state is most likely due to interference resulting from presentation of multiple stimuli. It is concluded that events which influence mood can have both global and specific priming effects, consistent with expectations based on an activation/availability model.
Spectral Parameters Modulation and Source Localization of Blink-Related Alpha and Low-Beta Oscillations Differentiate Minimally Conscious State from Vegetative State/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome

Recently, the cortical source of blink-related delta oscillations (delta BROs) in resting healthy subjects has been localized in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCu), one of the main core-hubs of the default-mode network. This has been interpreted as the electrophysiological signature of the automatic monitoring of the surrounding environment while subjects are immersed in self-reflecting mental activities. Although delta BROs were directly correlated to the degree of consciousness impairment in patients with disorders of consciousness, they failed to differentiate vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS) from minimally conscious state (MCS). In the present study, we have extended the analysis of BROs to frequency bands other than delta in the attempt to find a biological marker that could support the differential diagnosis between VS/UWS and MCS. Four patients with VS/UWS, 5 patients with MCS, and 12 healthy matched controls (CTRL) underwent standard 19-channels EEG recordings during resting conditions. Three-second-lasting EEG epochs centred on each blink instance were submitted to time-frequency analyses in order to extract the normalized Blink-Related Synchronization/Desynchronization (nBRS/BRD) of three bands of interest (low-alpha, high-alpha and low-beta) in the time-window of 50–550 ms after the blink-peak and to estimate the corresponding cortical sources of electrical activity. VS/UWS nBRS/BRD levels of all three bands were lower than those related to both CTRL and MCS, thus enabling the differential diagnosis between MCS and VS/UWS. Furthermore, MCS showed an intermediate signal intensity on PCC/PCu between CTRL and VS/UWS and a higher signal intensity on the left temporo-parieto-occipital junction and inferior occipito-temporal regions when compared to VS/UWS. This peculiar pattern of activation leads us to hypothesize that resting MCS patients have a bottom-up driven activation of the task positive network and thus are tendentially prone to respond to environmental stimuli, even though in an almost unintentional way.
Prolong Exposure of NSAID in Patients With RA Will Decrease the Risk of Dementia

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder, primarily affects joints. Several studies have indicated that early inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and depression in patients were associated with a considerably increased risk of dementia. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for treating RA. NSAIDs facilitate alleviating RA-associated chronic pain, inflammation, and swelling. Therefore, we conducted this nationwide study for evaluating the association between the dementia risk and NSAID treatment in patients with RA.The RA cohort comprised patients aged 20 years and older who were newly diagnosed with RA between 2000 and 2011, with data obtained from the Registry of Catastrophic Illnesses Patient Database (RCIPD). Patients without RA were frequency matched with the RA cohort at a 1:4 ratio according to age, sex, and year of RA diagnosis. The relative risks of dementia were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models.The risk of dementia in the RA cohort was not significantly higher than that in the non-RA cohort (adjusted HR [hazard ratio] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87–1.02). Regarding the duration of NSAID treatment, the risk of dementia was significantly lower when the RA cohort used NSAIDs for >2191 days (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.45–0.68). A longer duration of NSAID treatment possibly reduces the risk of dementia. Additional studies are warranted for verifying the association of dementia risk with NSAID treatment in patients with RA.
Prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and mental disorders detected in primary care in an elderly Spanish population. The PSICOTARD Study: preliminary findings

To investigate the prevalence of mental health problems among the elderly attending Primary Care centres in the Province of Huesca (Spain). To detect factors associated with the psychopathology of the elderly, and to demonstrate that specific training for GPs (General Practitioners) in the use of psychogeriatric screening instruments significantly increases detection.
Bifurcation Analysis of a Predator-Prey System with Nonmonotonic Functional Response

We consider a predator-prey system with nonmonotonic functional response: $p(x)=\frac{mx}{ax^2+bx+1}$. By allowing b to be negative ($b > -2\sqrt a$), p(x) is concave up for small values of x > 0 a.
Origin of the glycinergic innervation of the rat trigeminal motor nucleus

IN order to determine the localization of the glycinergic neurones responsible for the hyperpolarization of the rat trigeminal motoneurones during paradoxical sleep, we developed a new double immunohistochemical method combining the b subunit of the cholera toxin (CTb), a very sensitive retrograde tracer, with glycine immunohistochemistry. After iontophoretic injections of CTb into the trigeminal motor nucleus (Mo5), a large number of double-labelled cells was observed bilaterally in the parvocellular reticular nucleus alpha, dorsolateral to the descending branch of the facial nerve. A moderate number of double-labelled neurones was found in the ipsilateral parvocellular reticular nucleus at the level of the facial nucleus, and bilaterally in the raphe magnus and the gigantocellular reticular alpha nuclei. These results suggest that the glycinergic neurones hyperpo-larizing the trigeminal motoneurons during paradoxical sleep might be localized in the parvocellular reticular nucleus alpha.
The Mediational Role of Social Influence in the Perception of Exertion.

Two experiments are reported that investigate the mediational role of social influence in the self-perception of exertion. In Experiment 1, subjects performed three 15-min trials on a cycle ergometer at 25%, 50%, and 75% VO2max, both in the presence of another performer (a coactor) and alone. The results indicated that subjects reported lower RPEs when performing with another, particularly at the moderate (50%) intensity. In Experiment 2, subjects performed one 15-min trial at 50% of VO2max, both alone and in the presence of another performer (coactor) exhibiting nonverbal "cues" that the work was either extremely easy or extremely difficult. The results indicated that subjects exposed to the low-intensity cue information reported lower RPEs than when performing alone. Mo significant differences were noted for those subjects exposed to the high-intensity cue information. These findings are discussed in terms of a self-presentational analysis. That such effects were evidenced without physiological response.
CONCORDANCE OF ADOLESCENT REPORTS OF FRIEND PROBLEM BEHAVIORS AS PREDICTED BY QUALITY OF RELATIONSHIP AND DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

Adolescent alcohol use is strongly associated with many negative health outcomes and can increase risk for drinking problems later in life. The strongest predictor of adolescent alcohol use is affiliation with friends who also drink, use other drugs, or exhibit other problem behaviors (e.g., stealing, fighting). Currently, many studies examine friend problem behavior by asking adolescents to provide reports of their friends' behaviors; however, some research suggests that these reports may be inaccurate. While it is difficult to determine accuracy of report, report concordance is easily measured. No studies have examined variables that might predict report concordance, such as characteristics of the relationship (e.g. relationship quality; time spent with friends). This study compared adolescents' perceptions of their close friend's smoking, drinking, and deviant behavior to self-reports collected directly from the friends. Degree of association between perception and friend report was studied as a function of several relationship characteristics and demographic variables (e.g. age, gender) hypothesized to predict concordance. Results indicated that the statistically significant concordance between adolescent perception and friend self-report of smoking and drinking behavior was driven largely by agreement concerning the absence of behavior; adolescents were not sensitive in their perceptions of their friends' positive history of substance use. Concordance between adolescent perceptions and friend self-report of deviance was statistically significant but modest in magnitude, with most targets under-reporting their friend's involvement in deviant behaviors. Few variables predicted report concordance for the three outcome variables (smoking, drinking, and deviance), and those that did (age, adolescent's own problem behavior, negative relationship quality, and amount of time spent with friends) accounted for only a small amount of the variance. Implications for the assessment of friend influence on adolescent problem behavior are discussed.