Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Becoming famous without being recognized: Unconscious influences of memory produced by dividing attention

The familiarity of names produced by their prior presentation can be misinterprete d as fame. We used this false fame effect to separately study the effects of divided attention on familiarity versus conscious recollection. In a first experiment, famous and nonfamous names were presented to be read under conditions of full vs. divided attention. Divided attention greatly reduced later recognition memory performance but had no effect on gains in familiarity as measured by fame judgments. In later experiments, we placed recognition memory and familiarity in opposition by presenting only nonfamous names to be read in the first phase. Recognizing a name as earlier read on the later fame test allowed Ss to be certain that it was nonfamous. Divided attention at study or during the fame test reduced list recognition performance but had no effect on familiarity. We conclude that conscious recollection is an attention-demanding act that is separate from assessing familiarity. Folk wisdom suggests that we benefit from experience by consciously remembering those experiences and applying the knowledge gained from them to the current situation. In contrast, research shows that many effects of prior experience on later performance can occur independently of the ability to consciously recollect the experience (see Richardson-Klavehn & Bjork, 1988, for a review). In this article, we provide further evidence that the past can be used to influence present performance without the intervention of conscious recollection. We show that divided attention, in comparison with full attention, can radically reduce a person's ability to recognize an item as previously presented while leaving intact the effects of that prior presentation on judgment. Furthermore, this potential for unconscious influence of the past leads to a role for conscious recollection that is directly counter to that advanced by folk wisdom. Rather than being a prerequisite for producing effects of the past, conscious recollection can be a means of escaping misleading effects of the past. The task that we used required subjects to judge whether a name was famous. In the first phase of each experiment, people read a list of names. Then those old names were mixed with new famous and new nonfamous names in a test of fame
Exploring the structure of science learning self-efficacy: the role of science learning hardiness and perceived responses to capitalization attempts among Taiwanese junior high school students

Abstract Background: Despite the growing body of research on self-efficacy, previous studies have failed to clarify exactly how it is constructed. Meanwhile, the literature indicates that, in Taiwan, junior high school students tend to show lower self-efficacy in learning science compared with elementary and senior high school students. Purpose: This study aimed to develop a mediational model providing the factors accounting for Taiwanese junior high school adolescents’ science learning self-efficacy (SLSE), especially from the perspectives of both interpersonal and intrapersonal factors. Design: We therefore proposed a mediational model to delineate the relationships among students’ perceived responses to capitalization attempts – science learning (PRCA-SL), science learning hardiness (SLH) and SLSE by conducting structural equation modeling (SEM). Sample: A total of 1,170 junior high school students in Taiwan were invited to take part in the study. Results: The results confirmed our hypothesis that students’ PRCA-SL fostered their science learning hardiness, which in turn contributed to their science learning self-efficacy. Conclusions: The findings confirmed the mediational model wherein science learning hardiness completely mediated the relationship between PRCA-SL and science learning self-efficacy.
Validity and reliability of an adolescent and parent rating scale of type 1 diabetes adherence behaviors: the Self-Care Inventory (SCI).

OBJECTIVE Accurate assessment of diabetes regimen adherence behaviors in youth is a challenging endeavor and is limited by a paucity of empirically supported measures. The purpose of this research is to further demonstrate the validity and reliability of the Self-Care Inventory (SCI), a youth and parent report measure of adherence with diabetes self-care behaviors. The SCI was chosen given its ease of implementation, applicability to multiple diabetes regimens, and dual parent/youth formats. METHODS Participants were 164 youth with type 1 diabetes and a parent. Measures were administered at regular office visits to a tertiary care diabetes clinic. RESULTS The SCI has strong psychometric properties, including adequate internal consistency, parent-youth agreement, and test-retest agreement. Relations between the SCI and a structured interview of diabetes adherence (the Diabetes Self-Management Profile; DSMP) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were strong. CONCLUSIONS In addition to demonstrating strong psychometrics, this research provides independent support for the SCI. Thus, the SCI is consistent with recent criteria proposed by Quittner et al. (Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 33, 916-936) for an empirically supported measure of regimen adherence. Although other methods of accessing adherence may provide more comprehensive assessments, the brevity, ease-of-implementation, and robustness for multiple regimens makes the SCI an ideal tool for clinicians and researchers.
Distributed Closed Pattern Mining in Multi-Relational Data based on Iceberg Query Lattices: Some Preliminary Results

We study the problem of mining frequent closed patterns in multi-relational databases in a distributed environment. In multi- relational data mining (MRDM), relational patterns involve multiple re- lations from a relational database, and they are typically represented in datalog language (a class ofrst order logic). Our approach is based on the notion of iceberg query lattices, a formulation of MRDM in terms of formal concept analysis (FCA), and we apply it to a distributed mining setting. We assume that a database considered contains a special predi- cate called key, which determines the entities of interest and what is to be counted, and that each datalog query contains an atom key, where vari- ables in a query are linked to a given target object corresponding to the key. We show that the iceberg query lattice in this case can be dened similarly in the literature. Next, given two local databases (horizontal partitions) and their sets of closed patterns (concepts), we show that the subposition operator, which constructs a global Galois (concept) lattice from the direct product of two lattices studied in the literature, can be utilized to generate the set of closed patterns in the global database. The correctness of our algorithm is shown, and some preliminary experimen- tal results using a MapReduce framework are also given.
Augmenting Shape with Appearance in Vehicle Category Recognition

Shape is an important cue for generic object recognition but can be insufficient without other cues such as object appearance. We explore a number of ways in which the geometric aspects of an object can be augmented with its appearance. The main idea is to construct a dense correspondence between the interior regions of two shapes based on a shape-based correspondence so that the intensity and gradient distributions can be compared, e.g., using a mutual information paradigm. Three methods for regional alignment are suggested and compared here, based on: (i) propagation of correspondences from the silhouette to parallel curves in the interior, (ii) intersection of line segments anchored on corresponding points on the contour, and (iii) correspondence of shape skeletons. These methods have been implemented and applied to vehicle category recognition from aerial videos under known viewing and illumination conditions. We have constructed a photo-realistic synthetic video database to explore the performance of these methods under controlled conditions. We have also tested these algorithms on real video collected for this purpose from a balloon. Our findings indicate that (i) augmenting shape with appearance significantly increases recognition rate, and (ii) the region correspondence induced by the shape skeleton yields the highest performance.
Reciprocal auditory attenuation affects looking behaviour and playing level but not ensemble synchrony: A psychoacoustical study of violin duos

Evidence suggests that musicians may be more susceptible to developing a hearing impairment due to increased exposure to loud sounds over the lifespan. Hearing impairments can affect musical performance behaviours, yet research suggests they do not significantly affect ensemble synchrony unless the hearing loss is severe or profound. This study investigated the effect of reduced auditory feedback on ensemble synchrony, looking behaviour and playing level. Four violinists, with self-reported normal hearing, formed two duos in acoustically-isolated rooms separated by a glass window. Each player received feedback from their own and their co-performer’s playing attenuated by 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 dB. Video recordings of their looking behaviours were coded and signed asynchronies were identified in the audio files. The strongest effects found were bi-directional changes to playing levels as a result of auditory feedback levels, which increased when a player’s own feedback was reduced and reduced when co-performer feedback was attenuated. Violinists’ looking behaviour was found to increase when co-performer feedback was attenuated by 20 dB or more relative to their own, such that they glanced more frequently and looked for longer towards their partners. There were no effects of auditory attenuation on ensemble synchrony, even with 40 dB attenuation. The results indicate that “self-to-other” sound level ratios are more likely to prompt compensatory musical performance behaviours than an individual’s hearing ability.
New Directions in Compensation Research: Synergies, Risk, and Survival

We describe and use two theoretical frameworks, the resource-based view of the firm and institutional theory, as lenses for examining three promising areas of compensation research. First, we examine the nature of the relationship between pay and effectiveness. Does pay typically have a main effect or, instead, does the relationship depend on other human resource activities and organization characteristics? If the latter is true, then there are synergies between pay and these other factors and thus, conclusions drawn from main effects models may be misleading. Second, we discuss a relatively neglected issue in pay research, the concept of risk as it applies to investments in pay programs. Although firms and researchers tend to focus on expected returns from compensation interventions, analysis of the risk, or variability, associated with these returns may be essential for effective decision-making. Finally ,pay program survival, which has been virtually ignored in systematic pay research, is investigated. Survival appears to have important consequences for estimating pay plan risk and returns, and is also integral to the discussion of pay synergies. Based upon our two theoretical frameworks, we suggest specific research directions for pay program synergies, risk, and survival.
Conditions for Successful Multiparty Mediation in Separatist Armed Conflicts: A Fuzzy-Set Analysis

Abstract Contemporary international mediation is often multiparty and involves a number of states and multilateral organisations. What are the conditions that account for successful multiparty mediation in conflict resolution? To address this question, I use qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and focus on individual dimensions of mediation, namely internal cohesion of the mediating coalition, the use of reward and coercive power, and the presence of a ‘mutually hurting stalemate’ (MHS). I posit that the presence of a cohesive mediating coalition is a necessary condition for conflict resolution, whereas the provision of security guarantees, the imposition of sanctions and the presence of an MHS play a causal role in conflict resolution only in conjunction with other conditions. I test these conditions using a fuzzy-set approach and data from 20 mediated agreements over separatist conflicts in the post-cold war era. Empirical findings provide support for some of these propositions and challenge relevant theories of international mediation. More specifically, this research shows that a high convergence of interests among mediators is the only necessary – albeit not sufficient condition – for conflict resolution. Second, the analysis highlights the presence of two main sufficient paths for mediation success.
Energy-Efficient Protocol for Deterministic and Probabilistic Coverage in Sensor Networks

Various sensor types, e.g., temperature, humidity, and acoustic, sense physical phenomena in different ways, and thus, are expected to have different sensing models. Even for the same sensor type, the sensing model may need to be changed in different environments. Designing and testing a different coverage protocol for each sensing model is indeed a costly task. To address this challenging task, we propose a new probabilistic coverage protocol (denoted by PCP) that could employ different sensing models. We show that PCP works with the common disk sensing model as well as probabilistic sensing models, with minimal changes. We analyze the complexity of PCP and prove its correctness. In addition, we conduct an extensive simulation study of large-scale sensor networks to rigorously evaluate PCP and compare it against other deterministic and probabilistic protocols in the literature. Our simulation demonstrates that PCP is robust, and it can function correctly in presence of random node failures, inaccuracies in node locations, and imperfect time synchronization of nodes. Our comparisons with other protocols indicate that PCP outperforms them in several aspects, including number of activated sensors, total energy consumed, and network lifetime.
A Comparison of Strategies for Recruiting Teachers Into Survey Panels

We examine a range of options for recruiting teachers into a nationally representative survey panel. Recruitment strategies considered include a telephone-based approach and the use of promised incentives and pre-incentives of varying amounts and forms. Using a randomized experiment, we evaluate the effectiveness of five separate recruitment strategies and conduct a cost-benefit analysis. Our preferred strategy is one that uses a US$10 gift card as pre-incentive (it yielded a 27% rate of successful recruitment a cost of US$78 per recruited teacher). Statistical comparisons indicate that no other technique was superior to this strategy in terms of recruitment rate or cost-effectiveness. Efforts at refusal conversion after the initial approach were mostly ineffective. A comparison across demographic type characteristics of enrolled panelists and nonrespondents shows no substantial differences for any recruitment strategy considered. Hence, the potential for recruitment-level nonresponse to induce large bias into findings from surveys administered to the panel is minimal.
FIRETREE (MYRICA FAYA) DISTRIBUTION IN HAWAI`I

The primary objective of this study was to map the distribution and abundance of firetree (Myrica faya) in the state of Hawai`i. Reconnaissance data were used to map 85,912 a (34,365 ha) of infestation throughout the State. Infestations of 72,265 a (28,906 ha) occur on the island of Hawai`i, 4,770 a (1,908 ha) on Maui, 2,518 a (1,007 ha) on Lana`i, 435 a (174 ha) on O`ahu, and 5,925 a (2,370 ha) on Kaua`i. Distribution ranges in elevation from as low as 1,400 ft (425 m) on Lana`i to as high as 6,400 ft (1,940 m) on the slopes of Haleakala on Maui. Firetree occurs on recent, thin ash over pahoehoe lava as well as on deep, well-developed silty clay loam soil. It is found in montane rain forest habitats and in dry scrub (marginal through submontane seasonal) forest. The distribution patterns of firetree suggest that this species has not yet reached the limits of its potential distribution in Hawai`i. Observations on the phenology of firetree were made at two-week intervals from March 1983 through March 1985. Data were taken at three sites and were related to the data from nearby weather stations. Information on flowering, fruiting (mature and immature), leaf flushing, leaf fall, and fruit drop was collected. Analysis of the phenologic patterns observed showed flowering, fruiting, and fruit drop to be endogenously controlled, while leaf flushing and leaf fall were influenced by environmental variables.
A Model of Positive Self-Image in Subjective Assessments

This paper suggests a mechanism that describes individuals' positive self-image in subjective assessments of their relative abilities. The mechanism assumes individuals have heterogeneous production functions that determine ability as a function of multiple skills; make skill-enhancing investments with the goal of maximizing their ability; and make ability comparisons using their own production function. Within this framework, the paper provides conditions under which there is positive self-image. Positive self-image is increasing in the ease of the task, the number of different skills needed for the task, and the variability of production technologies in the population.
The Role of School-Level Mechanisms: How Principal Support, Professional Learning Communities, Collective Responsibility, and Group-Level Teacher Expectations Affect Student Achievement

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how principal support, professional learning communities, collective responsibility, and group-level teacher expectations affect 11th-grade student math achievement. Research Methods: Data for this study were from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009, administered by the U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. This study used a multilevel structural equation model to examine how principal support, professional learning communities, collective responsibility, and teacher expectations at the group level affect school math achievement. Findings: The study identified a model of school-level factors affecting students: Principal support positively influenced both professional learning communities and collective responsibility, which in turn, affected student math achievement via group-level teacher expectations; on the other hand, the impact of principal support on group-level teacher expectation and the direct associations of both professional learning communities and collective responsibility with student achievement were not statically significant. Implications: Focusing on how a school-level mechanism influences student achievement provides a better understanding of sustaining high school performance through school reform initiatives (e.g., principal leadership training, building professional learning communities, or interventions to improve group-level teachers’ expectations). To improve student achievement, the current study emphasizes why principals should give more attention to exerting supportive and egalitarian leadership that can contribute to a school’s positive climate and lead to changing teachers’ instructional behaviors and attitudes, rather than focusing on directive or restrictive leadership and managing behaviors.
On the relationship between morphological and semantic markedness The case of plural morphology

This paper explores two possible connections between the diagnostics for morphological and semantic markedness. One possibility, a positive correlation, predicts that if a grammatical feature is diagnosed as being morphologically marked then it should also be semantically marked. This possibility follows from the assumption that features are interpreted as restrictions on denotations. The second possibility, a negative correlation, predicts that if a grammatical feature is diagnosed as being morphologically marked then it should be semantically unmarked. This systematic inconsistency follows from the assumption that features are interpreted as augmenting functions. In our exploration of number marking, we find that the negative correlation is not only theoretically consistent with the semantic literature (in particular Link, in: Bartsch et al. (eds.) Semantics and contextual expressions, 1983), but it is also more consistent with the empirical landscape (as noted by Sauerland, in: Young and Zhou (eds.) Proceedings of Semantics and linguistic theory SALT XIII 2008). As a result, the morphological diagnostics lend support to the view that plural features are interpreted as augmenting functions.
Accretion relics in the solar neighbourhood : Debris from ωCen's parent galaxy

We use numerical simulations to investigate the orbital characteristics of tidal debris from satellites whose orbits are dragged into the plane of galact ic disks by dynamical friction before disruption. We find that these satellites may deposit a s ignificant fraction of their stars into the disk components of a galaxy, and use our results to motivate the search for accretion relicts in samples of metal-poor disk stars in the vicinity o f the Sun. Satellites disrupted on very eccentric orbits coplanar with the disk are expected to shed stars in “trails” of distinct orbital energy and angular momentum during each pericentric passage. To an observer located between the pericenter and apocenter of such orbits, these trails would show as distinct groupings of stars with low vertical velocity and a broad, symmetric, often double-peaked distribution of Galactocentric radial velocities. One group of st ars with these characteristics stands out in available compilations of nearby metal-poor stars. These stars have specific angular momenta similar to that of the globular cluster ωCen, long hypothesized to be the nucleus of a dwarf galaxy disrupted by the Milky Way tidal field. In addit ion to their kindred kinematics, stars in the ωCen group share distinct chemical abundance characteristics, and trace a welldefined track in the [ α/Fe] versus [Fe/H] plane, consistent with simple closed-box enrichment models and a protracted star formation history. The dynamical and chemical coherence of this group suggests that it consists of stars that once belonged t o the dwarf that brought ωCen into the Galaxy. The presence of this and other “tidal relicts” in the solar neighbourhood suggest an extra-Galactic origin for the presence of nearby stars with odd kinematics and chemistry, and implies that accounting for stars contributed by distin ct satellite galaxies may be crucial to the success of models of Galactic chemical enrichment.
THE ROLE OF RELIGIOSITY AND PATRIOTISM IN IMPROVING TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE

The purpose of this study is to examine the direct effect of religiosity on taxpayer compliance. In addition, this study also examines the indirect effect of religiosity on taxpayer compliance using the mediation variables of taxpayer patriotism. The data were gathered survey method that was able to collect as much 78 data that can be used for analysis. The validity, reliability of instruments and classical assumptions test were conducted before testing the hypothesis. Simple and multiple regression were used to test the relationship between variables. The indirect influence was tested using Hayes's bootstrapping method. The results showed that the level of religiosity had a positive effect on patriotism and taxpayer compliance. High patriotism would increase taxpayer compliance. The results also provided empirical evidence that there was an indirect influence of religiosity on taxpayer compliance through the mediation of patriotism.