Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinct Determinants in HIV-1 Vif and Human APOBEC3 Proteins Are Required for the Suppression of Diverse Host Anti-Viral Proteins

Background APOBEC3G (A3G) and related cytidine deaminases of the APOBEC3 family of proteins are potent inhibitors of many retroviruses, including HIV-1. Formation of infectious HIV-1 requires the suppression of multiple cytidine deaminases by Vif. HIV-1 Vif suppresses various APOBEC3 proteins through the common mechanism of recruiting the Cullin5-ElonginB-ElonginC E3 ubiquitin ligase to induce target protein polyubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. The domains in Vif and various APOBEC3 proteins required for APOBEC3 recognition and degradation have not been fully characterized. Methods and Findings In the present study, we have demonstrated that the regions of APOBEC3F (A3F) that are required for its HIV-1-mediated binding and degradation are distinct from those reported for A3G. We found that the C-terminal cytidine deaminase domain (C-CDD) of A3F alone is sufficient for its interaction with HIV-1 Vif and its Vif-mediated degradation. We also observed that the domains of HIV-1 Vif that are uniquely required for its functional interaction with full-length A3F are also required for the degradation of the C-CDD of A3F; in contrast, those Vif domains that are uniquely required for functional interaction with A3G are not required for the degradation of the C-CDD of A3F. Interestingly, the HIV-1 Vif domains required for the degradation of A3F are also required for the degradation of A3C and A3DE. On the other hand, the Vif domains uniquely required for the degradation of A3G are dispensable for the degradation of cytidine deaminases A3C and A3DE. Conclusions Our data suggest that distinct regions of A3F and A3G are targeted by HIV-1 Vif molecules. However, HIV-1 Vif suppresses A3F, A3C, and A3DE through similar recognition determinants, which are conserved among Vif molecules from diverse HIV-1 strains. Mapping these determinants may be useful for the design of novel anti-HIV inhibitors.
Color dependence in the spatial distribution of satellite galaxies

Aims. We explore the color dependence of the radial profile of satellite galaxies around isolated parent galaxies. Methods. Samples of potential satellites selected from large galaxy redshift surveys are significantly contaminated by interlopers – objects not bound to the parent galaxy. We use the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to estimate the interloper fraction in samples of candidate satellite galaxies. Results. We show that samples of red and blue satellites have different interloper populations: a larger fraction of blue galaxies are likely to be interlopers compared to red galaxies. Both with and without interloper subtraction, the radial profile of blue satellites is significantly shallower than that of red satellites. In addition, while red and blue primaries have different interloper fractions, the slope of the corrected radial profiles are consistent after interloper correction. We discuss the implications of these results for galaxy formation models.
Lower Conditioning Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Young Adults Born Preterm at Very Low Birth Weight

Background Adults born preterm at very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) have elevated levels of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Preliminary observations suggest that this could partly be explained by lower rates of physical activity. The aim of this study was to assess physical activity in healthy young adults born preterm at very low birth weight compared with term-born controls. Methodology/Principal Findings We studied 94 unimpaired young adults, aged 21–29 years, born at VLBW and 101 age-, sex-, and birth hospital-matched term-born controls from one regional center in Southern Finland. The participants completed a validated 30-item 12-month physical activity questionnaire and the NEO-Personality Inventory based on the Big Five taxonomy, the most commonly used classification of personality traits. Yearly frequency, total time, total volume and energy expenditure of conditioning and non-conditioning leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and commuting physical activity were compared between VLBW and term-born subjects. A subset of participants underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for body composition measurement. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Compared with controls, VLBW participants had lower frequency [−38.5% (95% CI; −58.9, −7.7)], total time [−47.4% (95% CI; −71.2, −4.1)], total volume [−44.3% (95% CI; −65.8, −9.2)] and energy expenditure [−55.9% (95% CI; −78.6, −9.4)] of conditioning LTPA when adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, parental education and personality traits. Adjusting for lean body mass instead of body mass index attenuated the difference. There were no differences in non-conditioning LTPA or commuting physical activity. Conclusions/Significance Compared with term-born controls, unimpaired VLBW adults undertake less frequent LTPA with lower total time and volume of exercise resulting in lower energy expenditure. Differences in personality that exist between the VLBW and term-born groups do not seem to explain this association.
Searching for Structure in Multiple Streams of Data

Finding structure in multiple streams of data is an important problem. Consider the streams of data owing from a robot's sensors, the monitors in an intensive care unit, or periodic measurements of various indicators of the health of the economy. There is clearly utility in determining how current and past values in those streams are related to future values. We formulate the problem of nding structure in multiple streams of categorical data as search over the space of dependencies, unexpectedly frequent or infrequent co-occurrences, between complex patterns of values that can appear in the streams. Based on that formulation, we develop the Multi-Stream Dependency Detection (msdd) algorithm that performs an e cient systematic search over the space of all possible dependencies. Dependency strength is evaluated with a statistical measure of nonindependence, and bounds that we derive for the value of that measure allow the search to be pruned. Due to the pruning, msdd can nd the k strongest dependencies in the streams by examining only a fraction of the search space.
Move Out or Dig in? Risk Awareness and Mobility Plans in Disaster‐Affected Communities

Post&#8208;disaster migration patterns have been thoroughly studied from a demographic standpoint, but affected community residents&#8217; perceptions of ongoing risks and their willingness to remain in an affected community remain under&#8208;researched. Using data generated by 407 surveys and 40 interviews with residents impacted by the 2013 Calgary flood, this study analyses the effects of flood experience on residents&#8217; worry about future floods and their ensuing short&#8208;term and medium&#8208;term mobility plans. The results indicate that home flooding and evacuation orders are both predictive of worry about future floods. In turn, worry about future floods as well as age, homeownership, and place attachment are all predictive of post&#8208;disaster mobility plans. Residents discuss how the flood either strengthened or weakened their place attachment. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for social science research and for public policy that aims to mitigate disaster risk.
Eroticism Versus Nurturance

Abstract. Romantic partners provide both erotic and nurturing experiences, though these may emerge more strongly in different phases of a relationship. Unlike individuals in monogamous relationships, those in polyamorous relationships can pursue multiple romantic relationships simultaneously, potentially allowing them to experience higher levels of eroticism and nurturance. This research examined eroticism and nurturance among individuals in polyamorous and monogamous relationships. As expected, polyamorous participants experienced less eroticism but more nurturance in their relationships with their primary partner compared to secondary. Furthermore, people in polyamorous relationships reported more nurturance with primary partners and eroticism with secondary partners compared to people in monogamous relationships. These findings suggest that polyamory may provide a unique opportunity for individuals to experience both eroticism and nurturance simultaneously.
Real Time Communication - Modes of Use in Distributed Teams

SkypeTM has become a prominent and successful example of a new genre of computer-mediated communication environments called Real Time Communication (RTC). A limited set of integrated features enable instantaneous text, voice and video communication across the globe for free. However, an analysis of the features or affordances of the technology does not reveal the wealth and creativity of forms and modes of using SkypeTM. Hence we have collected five case vignettes to illustrate how SkypeTM has been embedded into the daily routines of distributed teams. From a theoretical lens, this comparative study shows how general purpose technology can only be properly understood in context because users shape the forms of usage to a large extent through processes of appropriation. The study also provides insights into processes of technology appropriation and the various roles and appearances of presence in virtual work settings.
Goal-based business process models: creation and evaluation

The way in which business process models are typically deployed emphasizes their use in a high‐level design or the capture of an existing process. At these stages evaluation of the model takes place only in informal and rudimentary ways. The real evaluation effort begins only with the output of the design process, e.g. an implementation of information technology (IT) support system. Explores the benefits and feasibility of evaluating a process model at an early stage of its creation. Anticipates two advantages. First, errors or invalid design concepts are detected earlier with consequent savings in cost. Second, non‐IT‐relevant aspects can come to light at an appropriate stage. Looks first, at the value of modelling goals. Second, presents in outline a design method for modelling business processes in which the concept of the goal is fundamental. Third, looks beyond the current scope of this method to the issue of evaluating the process designs. Concludes that business process models can be evaluated at the design stage, but the knowledge gained is only partial. Summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of the approach and describes some open questions.
Human-assisted graph search: it's okay to ask questions

We consider the problem of human-assisted graph search: given a directed acyclic graph with some (unknown) target node(s), we consider the problem of finding the target node(s) by asking an omniscient human questions of the form "Is there a target node that is reachable from the current node? ". This general problem has applications in many domains that can utilize human intelligence, including curation of hierarchies, debugging workflows, image segmentation and categorization, interactive search and filter synthesis. To our knowledge, this work provides the first formal algorithmic study of the optimization of human computation for this problem. We study various dimensions of the problem space, providing algorithms and complexity results. We also compare the performance of our algorithm against other algorithms, for the problem of webpage categorization on a real taxonomy. Our framework and algorithms can be used in the design of an optimizer for crowd-sourcing platforms such as Mechanical Turk.
Blind MMSE channel identification and equalization algorithms for OFDM systems

We propose a new, low-complexity blind channel estimator, which, in the presence of a guard interval, utilizes redundancy in time domain to completely eliminate inter-symbol-interference. In this work, we extend the idea of the guard interval in conjunction with MMSE equalizer to obtain high performance in the presence of additive channel noise. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is computationally more efficient than existing systems and is considered as a powerful tool for receiver diversity.
Workplace Adaptations Promoting the Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Mainstream Employment: A Case-Study on Employers’ Responses in Norway

This case-study conducted in Norway investigates employers’ responses to policy measures implemented throughout 2006–2015 and aimed at promoting the inclusion of persons with disabilities (PwDs) into mainstream employment by providing workplace adaptations. For this purpose, we apply a multi-method approach by combining in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with the managers at two large private companies in Norway and quantitative shift-share analysis performed on the Norwegian Disabled People LFS data. While the shift-share analysis has demonstrated positive effects in the employment of PwDs at the national level and in providing adaptations at work during 2011–2015 for ‘changes of working time’, ‘need for one or more adaptations’ and ‘changes of work tasks’, ‘physical adaptations’ remain negative. The qualitative interviews report that ‘flexibility’ or ‘changes of working time’ is the main workplace adaptation the managers at both companies provide to own employees who return to work after acquiring a disability or having a long-term illness. Both companies demonstrate high conformity to accessibility standards, however, the provision of workplace adaptations to PwDs without prior work experience remains limited or absent despite the disability policy measures in Norway in that period and the companies’ commitment to inclusion.
Mechanisms of development of multimorbidity in the elderly

In ageing populations many patients have multiple diseases characterised by acceleration of the normal ageing process. Better understanding of the signalling pathways and cellular events involved in ageing shows that these are characteristic of many chronic degenerative diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and neurodegeneration. Common mechanisms have now been identified in these diseases, which show evidence of cellular senescence with telomere shortening, activation of PI3K–AKT–mTOR signalling, impaired autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, epigenetic changes, abnormal microRNA profiles, immunosenescence and low grade chronic inflammation (“inflammaging”). Many of these pathways are driven by chronic oxidative stress. There is also a reduction in anti-ageing molecules, such as sirtuins and Klotho, which further accelerates the ageing process. Understanding these molecular mechanisms has identified several novel therapeutic targets and several drugs have already been developed that may slow the ageing process, as well as lifestyle interventions, such as diet and physical activity. This indicates that in the future new treatment approaches may target the common pathways involved in multimorbidity and this area of research should be given high priority. Thus, COPD should be considered as a component of multimorbidity and common disease pathways, particularly accelerated ageing, should be targeted. Multimorbidities share many common underlying mechanisms that may be linked to common causes such as oxidative stress http://ow.ly/H3siC
Combining Paraconsistency and Relevance

A (propositional) logic L is paraconsistent with respect to a negation connective if P; P 6`L Q in case P and Q are two distinct atomic variables. Intuitively (and practically) the logic(s) we use should be paraconsistent (with respect to any unary connective! ) on the ground of relevance: why should a \contradiction" concerning P imply something completely unrelated? Nevertheless, the most known and important logics (like Classical Logic, Intuitionistic Logic, Kleene's threevalued logic, Lukasiewicz' various many-valued logics, other fuzzy logics, and many more) are not paraconsistent with respect to their oÆcial negation. Why? The answer is: because all these logics are implicitly based on the following principle:
Tax Avoidance and Geographic Earnings Disclosure

This study tests the relation between corporate tax avoidance and disclosure of geographic earnings for U.S. multinational companies. We find that after the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131 in 1998, firms opting to discontinue disclosure of geographic earnings in their financial reports have lower worldwide effective tax rates. These results are consistent with managers perceiving that non-disclosure of geographic earnings helps mask tax avoidance behavior. However, the relation between tax avoidance and non-disclosure reduces after implementation of Schedule M-3 in the annual corporate tax filing beginning in 2004. Schedule M-3 requires a detailed reconciliation of book income to tax income and aims to make firms’ tax avoidance activities associated with shifting profits to lower-tax foreign jurisdictions more apparent to the IRS. This study contributes to our understanding of the relation between financial reporting behavior and tax reporting behavior.
The Paper Trail of Knowledge Transfers

hy do firms and inventors tend to locate in dense, costly areas? One intriguing hypothesis is that such geographic clustering lets them benefit from local knowledge spillovers. As nobel laureate robert Lucas has noted, the benefits of one person’s knowledge spilling over to others play a central role in economic growth and the existence of cities: “What can people be paying Manhattan or downtown Chicago rents for, if not for being near other people? ” Proximity may improve the sharing of knowledge, the matching of ideas to firms, or the rate of learning.1 if dense clustering indeed confers these benefits, then that raises the possibility that individuals and firms may not be fully taking them into account when deciding where to locate, resulting in underinvestment in new ideas.
Probabilistic Mobile Manipulation in Dynamic Environments, with Application to Opening Doors

In recent years, probabilistic approaches have found many successful applications to mobile robot localization, and to object state estimation for manipulation. In this paper, we propose a unified approach to these two problems that dynamically models the objects to be manipulated and localizes the robot at the same time. Our approach applies in the common setting where only a lowresolution (10cm) grid-map of a building is available, but we also have a high-resolution (0.1cm) model of the object to be manipulated. Our method is based on defining a unifying probabilistic model over these two representations. The resulting algorithm works in real-time, and estimates the position of objects with sufficient precision for manipulation tasks. We apply our approach to the task of navigating from one office to another (including manipulating doors). Our approach, successfully tested on multiple doors, allows the robot to navigate through a hallway to an office door, grasp and turn the door handle, and continuously manipulate the door as it moves into the office.
QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS OF CONFINED NONRELATIVISTIC PARTICLES

Abstract We consider a system of finitely many nonrelativistic, quantum mechanical electrons bound to static nuclei. The electrons are minimally coupled to the quantized electromagnetic field; but we impose an ultraviolet cutoff on the electromagnetic vector potential appearing in covariant derivatives, and the interactions between the radiation field and electrons localized very far from the nuclei are turned off. For a class of Hamiltonians we prove exponential localization of bound states, establish the existence of a ground state, and derive sufficient conditions for its uniqueness. Furthermore, we show that excited bound states of the unperturbed system become unstable and turn into resonances when the electrons are coupled to the radiation field. To this end we develop a novel renormalization transformation which acts directly on the space of Hamiltonians.
Same Species, Different Breed: The Conditional Effect of Legislator Activities in Parliament on Re-Selection in a Mixed-Member Electoral System

The article investigates whether or not the amount of work legislators carry out in parliament affects their chances of re-selection in a mixed-member electoral system. A unique dataset collecting Hungarian Members of Parliaments’ (MPs) publicly available electoral, socio-demographic and parliamentary activity data between 1998 and 2010 is analysed. The study concludes that activity in parliament positively influences re-selection chances when selectors decide on party list nominations. Additionally, MPs whose parties do not count on as future Single Member District (SMD) candidates benefit from parliamentary work to a greater extent than prospective SMD candidates. At the same time, extra work in parliament does not bring MPs closer to SMD nominations. Results confirm that selectors evaluate MPs along how well they carry out the tasks dedicated to their groups.
Temperature-Aware Microarchitecture: Extended Discussion and Results

With power density and hence cooling costs rising exponentially, processor packaging can no longer be designed for the worst case, and there is an urgent need for runtime processor-level techniques that can regulate operating temperature when the package’s capacity is exceeded. Evaluating such techniques, however, requires a thermal model that is practical for architectural studies. This paper expands upon the discussion and results that were presented in our conference paper [43]. It describes HotSpot, an accurate yet fast model based on an equivalent circuit of thermal resistances and capacitances that correspond to microarchitecture blocks and essential aspects of the thermal package. Validation was performed using finite-element simulation. The paper also introduces several effective methods for dynamic thermal management (DTM): “temperature-tracking” frequency scaling, localized toggling, and migrating computation to spare hardware units. Modeling temperature at the microarchitecture level also shows that power metrics are poor predictors of temperature, that sensor imprecision has a substantial impact on the performance of DTM, and that the inclusion of lateral resistances for thermal diffusion is important for accuracy.
What Can Search Predict?

Recent work has shown that search query volume correlates well with a variety of phenomena, from inﬂuenza caseloads to economic indicators like real-estate prices, auto sales, and travel statistics. In this paper, we investigate the degree to which search behavior predicts the commercial success of cultural products, namely movies, video games, and songs. In contrast with previous work that has focused on real-time reporting of current trends, we emphasize that here our objective is to predict future activity, typically days to weeks in advance. Speciﬁcally, we use query volume to forecast opening weekend box-oﬃce revenue for feature ﬁlms, ﬁrst month sales of video games, and the rank of songs on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. In all cases that we consider, we ﬁnd that search counts are indicative of future outcomes, but when compared with baseline models trained on publicly available data, the performance boost associated with search counts is generally modest—a pattern that, as we show, also applies to previous work on tracking ﬂu trends. We conclude that in the absence of other data sources, or where small improvements in predictive performance are material, search queries may provide a useful guide to the near future.