Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of transformational leadership behaviours on follower outcomes: An identity-based analysis

The aim of this study was to explore two of the mechanisms by which transformational leaders have a positive influence on followers. It examined the mediating role of follower's leader and group identification on the associations among different transformational leader behaviours and follower job satisfaction and supervisor-rated job performance. One hundred and seventy-nine healthcare employees and 44 supervisors participated in the study. The results from multilevel structural equation modelling provided results that partially supported the predicted model. Identification with the leader significantly mediated the positive associations between supportive leadership, intellectual stimulation, personal recognition, in the prediction of job satisfaction and job performance. Leader identification also mediated the relationship between supportive leadership, intellectual stimulation, personal recognition, and group identification. However, group identification did not mediate the associations between vision leadership and inspirational communication, in the prediction of job satisfaction and job performance. The results highlight the role of individualized forms of leadership and leader identification in enhancing follower outcomes.
PENGINTEGRASIAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH

Abstrak: Pendidikan adalah proses memanusiakan manusia. Untuk meraih derajat manusia seutuhnya sangatlah tidak mungkin tanpa melalui proses pendidikan. Pendidikan harus dapat menghasilkan insan-insan yang memiliki karakter mulia, di samping memiliki kemampuan akademik dan keterampilan yang memadai. Salah satu cara untuk mewujudkan manusia yang berkarakter adalah dengan mengintegrasikan pendidikan karakter dalam setiap pembelajaran. Nilai-nilai karakter utama yang harus terwujud dalam sikap dan perilaku peserta didik sebagai hasil dari proses pendidikan karakter adalah jujur (olah hati), cerdas (olah pikir), tangguh (olah raga), dan peduli (olah rasa dan karsa). Pengintegrasian pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran dapat dilakukan dengan pemuatan nilai-nilai karakter dalam semua mata pelajaran yang diajarkan di sekolah dan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran. Untuk itu guru harus mempersiapkan pendidikan karakter mulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, hingga evaluasinya. Pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter di sekolah perlu didukung oleh keteladanan guru dan orang tua murid serta budaya yang berkarakter. Kata Kunci: integrasi pendidikan karakter, pembelajaran, sekolah INTERGATING CHARACTER EDUCATION IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING AT SCHOOL Abstract: Education is the process of humanizing mankind. To achieve the degree of whole mankind is not possible without the educational process. Education should be able to produce human beings who have a noble character, in addition to academic ability and skills. One way to realize that human has noble character is to integrate character education in all learning. The main character values that should be embodied in the attitudes and behaviors of the students as a result of the process of character education is to be honest (conscience management), intelligent (intellectual management), stern (physical exercise), and care (sense and intent management). The integration of character education in the teaching and learning can be done by including the values in all the subjects taught in school and in the implementation of learning activities. For that character education, the teacher must prepare the teaching and learning activities from planning, implementation, until evaluation. The implementation character education at schools needs to be supported by exemplary teachers and parents as well as the conducive school culture. Keywords: integration of character education, teaching and learning, school
The multiple effects of international large-scale assessment on education policy and research

This paper introduces a serendipitous special issue of Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, focusing on the rise of large-scale international testing and performance data in school system accountability and the effects that such changes have produced in education policy and research. These developments are theorised in terms of the reworking of the State and networked modes of governance, including the increased involvement of edu-businesses in education policy-making and enactment, and the emergence of new topological spatialities and connectivities associated with globalisation. We contend that the prevalence of international large-scale assessments has greatly enhanced the mutual ‘visibility’ between participating national (and subnational) schooling systems within a commensurate space of measurement, which in turn makes possible new ways of acting in light of ‘evidence-informed’ policy-making. This analysing and theorising serves to both contextualise and introduce the papers included in this special issue. The paper closes by considering the implications of such developments on education policy and research, and how this necessitates the development for a new approach for researchers engaged in policy analysis, now and into the future.
Continuously measuring critical section pressure with the free-lunch profiler

Today, Java is regularly used to implement large multi-threaded server-class applications that use locks to protect access to shared data. However, understanding the impact of locks on the performance of a system is complex, and thus the use of locks can impede the progress of threads on configurations that were not anticipated by the developer, during specific phases of the execution. In this paper, we propose Free Lunch, a new lock profiler for Java application servers, specifically designed to identify, in-vivo, phases where the progress of the threads is impeded by a lock. Free Lunch is designed around a new metric, critical section pressure (CSP), which directly correlates the progress of the threads to each of the locks. Using Free Lunch, we have identified phases of high CSP, which were hidden with other lock profilers, in the distributed Cassandra NoSQL database and in several applications from the DaCapo 9.12, the SPECjvm2008 and the SPECjbb2005 benchmark suites. Our evaluation of Free Lunch shows that its overhead is never greater than 6%, making it suitable for in-vivo use.
Functional Regulation of Dopamine D3 Receptor through Interaction with PICK1

PICK1, a PDZ domain-containing protein, is known to increase the reuptake activities of dopamine transporters by increasing their expressions on the cell surface. Here, we report a direct and functional interaction between PICK1 and dopamine D3 receptors (D3R), which act as autoreceptors to negatively regulate dopaminergic neurons. PICK1 colocalized with both dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) and D3R in clusters but exerted different functional influences on them. The cell surface expression, agonist affinity, endocytosis, and signaling of D2R were unaffected by the coexpression of PICK1. On the other hand, the surface expression and tolerance of D3R were inhibited by the coexpression of PICK1. These findings show that PICK1 exerts multiple effects on D3R functions.
Gender, Social Care and Welfare State Restructuring in Europe

Introduction - conceptualizing social care in the context of welfare state restructuring, Mary Daly and Jane Lewis a more caring state? the implications of welfare state restructuring for social care in the Republic of Ireland, Mary Daly gender, care and the changing role of the state in the UK, Hilary Land and Jane Lewis social care in the Netherlands, Trudie Knijn the politics of care policies in Germany, Ilona Ostner caring for very young children and dependent elderly people in France - towards a commodification of social care? , Claude Martin et al restructuring social care in Italy, Rossana Trifiletti the changing "welfare mix" in childcare and care for the frail elderly in Norway, Kari Woerness paradoxes of social care restructuring -the Finnish case, Leila Simone and Anne Kovalainen changing divisions of carework - caring for children and frail elderly people in Sweden, Marta Szebehely.
Operant Conditioning of Primate Prefrontal Neurons Subjects and Surgery Experimental Design

Operant conditioning of primate prefrontal neurons. operant is a behavioral act that has an impact on the environment to produce an outcome, constituting an important component of voluntary behavior. Because the environment can be volatile, the same action may cause different consequences. Thus to obtain an optimal outcome, it is crucial to detect action– outcome relationships and adapt the behavior accordingly. Although prefrontal neurons are known to change activity depending on expected reward, it remains unknown whether prefrontal activity contributes to obtaining reward. We investigated this issue by setting variable relationships between levels of single-neuron activity and rewarding outcomes. Lateral prefrontal neurons changed their spiking activity according to the specific requirements for gaining reward, without the animals making a motor response. Thus spiking activity constituted an operant response. Data from a control task suggested that these changes were unlikely to reflect simple reward predictions. These data demonstrate a remarkable capacity of prefrontal neurons to adapt to specific operant requirements at the single-neuron level. Behavior is influenced by its consequences. For example, we reward and punish people so that they will behave in different ways. In a laboratory, animals take an action (e.g., lever pressing) more often if it is followed by a positive outcome (e.g., a drop of juice). A behavioral act that influences the outcome is called an operant response and operant conditioning involves the association between an operant response and Various parts of the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia have been implicated in the processing of action– outcome relationships. For example, neurons in the primate medial prefrontal cortex change the level of spiking activity depending on the combinations of action and outcome (Matsumoto et al. 2003). Striatal projection neurons track the changes in action– outcome contingency and predict animals' choice of actions (Lau and Glimcher 2008; Samejima et al. 2005). Several lines of evidence suggest that the primate lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) contributes to operant behavior at a level higher than the control of specific motor responses. Single-neuron activity in the LPFC changes by behavioral demand (Asaad et al. and correlates with performance rates in operant tasks (Koba-yashi et al. 2006). Patients with lesions in the LPFC lose intentional control of behavioral responses, making automatic responses that blindly follow given instructions (Lhermitte 1986; Luria 1973; Vendrell et al. 1995). These observations led to the commonly held notion that the LPFC guides purposeful A fundamental aspect of purposeful and …
Robust Learning With Kernel Mean  $p$ -Power Error Loss

Correntropy is a second order statistical measure in kernel space, which has been successfully applied in robust learning and signal processing. In this paper, we define a nonsecond order statistical measure in kernel space, called the kernel mean- ${p}$ power error (KMPE), including the correntropic loss (C-Loss) as a special case. Some basic properties of KMPE are presented. In particular, we apply the KMPE to extreme learning machine (ELM) and principal component analysis (PCA), and develop two robust learning algorithms, namely ELM-KMPE and PCA-KMPE. Experimental results on synthetic and benchmark data show that the developed algorithms can achieve better performance when compared with some existing methods.
Linker scan analysis of the early regulatory region of human papovavirus BK

BK virus (BKV) is a human papovavirus which latently infects a majority of the world population. Reactivation of this virus is associated with acute hemorrhagic cystitis, and BKV DNA has been found in human tumor tissue. BKV is one of many highly homologous papovaviruses, including simian virus 40 and JC virus, which display distinct host and cell-type specificities, transformation potentials, and pathologies. These differences are thought to be determined, in part, by the noncoding regulatory region of each virus, which contains the origin of replication and regulatory elements for both early and late gene expression. We have used linker scan mutants to map functional elements of a truncated BKV early promoter and enhancer and have studied the stereospecific requirements of these elements. We have also identified protein-binding regions through DNase protection studies. Our results show that a minimum of four elements are necessary for efficient early transcription, at least three of which correspond to DNase-protected domains. These protein-binding elements map to the TATA box and two nuclear factor 1 consensus sequences, one located within the enhancer repeat unit and the other located to the late side of the enhancer. The sequence of the fourth element is similar to the transcription factor Sp1 consensus sequence. Additional DNase-protected sites are centered over AP-1 and Sp1 consensus sequences. Finally, we find that the functional elements of the BKV early promoter and enhancer lack strict stereospecific requirements for efficient transcription.
[Negative sentinel node in breast cancer patients a good indicator for continued absence of axillary metastases].

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of axillary recurrences in sentinel-node-negative patients with breast cancer who had no axillary dissection. DESIGN Follow-up study. METHOD The first one hundred consecutive sentinel-node-negative patients with a minimal follow-up of 36 months (median 47) were included in this study. All patients underwent sentinel-node biopsy using the triple technique. During the first year after the operation patients were seen on a 3-monthly basis and thereafter every 6 months. RESULTS Intensive pathological examination of the harvested sentinel nodes revealed no (micro)metastases in any patient. One patient developed an axillary recurrence after 24 months. Three out of the 100 patients developed distant metastases during follow-up; 2 of them died as a result of these metastases. One patient was treated for a local mammary recurrence. In terms of survival the sentinel-node procedure did not appear to be disadvantageous: the 3-year survival rate in our study was 98% for node-negative patients, compared to 88-94% quoted in the literature for node-negative patients after axillary dissection. This apparent improvement may be due to better staging of breast-cancer patients through the use of the sentinel-node procedure (stage migration). CONCLUSION The triple technique was a reliable method for identifying the sentinel node in breast-cancer patients. Compared to the historical data on node-negative breast cancer, the sentinel-node procedure improved the prognosis of node-negative breast-cancer patients. This effect was probably due to the more accurate staging of breast-cancer patients using the sentinel-node procedure.
Simultaneous Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation with Intravitreal and Intracameral Bevacizumab in Refractory Acute Stage of Neovascular Glaucoma: Short-Term Results and Complications

Purpose: To examine the safety and efficacy of simultaneous Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation with intravitreal and intracameral injection of bevacizumab (IVB and ICB) in patients with refractory acute neovascular glaucoma (NVG) with very high intraocular pressure (IOP) and active neovascularization of the iris (NVI) and/or the angle (NVA) Methods: In a prospective interventional study, patients presenting with acute NVG with uncontrolled IOP despite maximally tolerated medical treatment and with no prior history of interventions for their ischemic retinal condition underwent AGV implantation and IVB and ICB injection. Their baseline clinical data including the etiology of NVG, visual acuity (VA), IOP and the number of anti-glaucoma medications were recorded. Postoperatively, VA, IOP and number of anti-glaucoma medications and any complications were recorded. The main outcome measure was IOP control with and without medical therapy. Results: Six eyes of 6 patients were recruited in the study. All of them had diabetic NVG. The mean age of the patients was 62.6±7.8 years. Mean IOP and number of medications were 61.5±9.9 mmHg and 4.1±. 4, respectively. Three months after the surgery, the mean IOP and the number of medications were 19.5±4.5 mmHg and 2±1.26, respectively. The most frequent complication was hyphema (occurring in all eyes) that resolved spontaneously during the first postoperative week in 5 eyes and necessitated anterior chamber (AC) washout in 1 eye. Postoperatively, two eyes developed choroidal effusions and shallow ACs which resolved without any intervention during the first postoperative month. Conclusion: In patients with acute NVG with no prior treatment whose IOP was very high despite maximal medical therapy, AGV implantation with simultaneous IVB and ICB injection effectively reduced IOP and medications use in short-term. The most frequent complication was development of hyphema (in all eyes) which spontaneously resolved in most eyes.
Are Weeds Hitchhiking a Ride on Your Car? A Systematic Review of Seed Dispersal on Cars

When traveling in cars, we can unintentionally carry and disperse weed seed; but which species, and where are they a problem? To answer these questions, we systematically searched the scientific literature to identify all original research studies that assess seed transported by cars and listed the species with seed on/in cars. From the 13 studies that fit these criteria, we found 626 species from 75 families that have seed that can be dispersed by cars. Of these, 599 are listed as weeds in some part of the world, with 439 listed as invasive or naturalized alien species in one or more European countries, 248 are invasive/noxious weeds in North America, 370 are naturalized alien species in Australia, 167 are alien species in India, 77 are invasive species in China and 23 are declared weeds/invaders in South Africa. One hundred and one are classified as internationally important environmental weeds. Although most (487) were only recorded once, some species such as Chenopodium album, Poa pratensis and Trifolium repens were common among studies. Perennial graminoids seem to be favoured over annual graminoids while annual forbs are favoured over perennial forbs. Species characteristics including seed size and morphology and where the plants grew affected the probability that their seed was transported by cars. Seeds can be found in many different places on cars including under the chassis, front and rear bumpers, wheel wells and rims, front and back mudguards, wheel arches, tyres and on interior floor mats. With increasing numbers of cars and expanding road networks in many regions, these results highlight the importance of cars as a dispersal mechanism, and how it may favour invasions by some species over others. Strategies to reduce the risk of seed dispersal by cars include reducing seed on cars by mowing road verges and cleaning cars.
HE0241-0155 - Evidence for a large scale homogeneous field in a highly magnetic white dwarf

In the course of the Hamburg/ESO survey we have discovered a white dwarf whose spectrum exhibits many similarities with the prototype of magnetic white dwarfs Grw+70°8247. In particular several stationary line components indicative for magnetic fields between about 150 and 400 MG are found in both objects. However, the features between 5000 and 5500 A in the spectrum of HE0241-0155 cannot be explained by stationary line components and demand a relatively homogeneous magnetic field with clustering around 200 MG. For this reason a pure dipole model failed to reproduce this spectral region. An offset-dipole configuration led to some improvement in the fit but a good agreement was only possible for a geometry – described by an expansion into spherical harmonics – where most of the surface is covered with magnetic field strengths strongly clustered around 200 MG. This may indicate the presence of a large magnetic spot whose presence could be tested with time resolved spectro-polarimetry.
Backward Compatibility to Sustain Market Dominance – Evidence from the US Handheld Video Game Industry

The introduction of a new product generation forces incumbents in network industries to rebuild their installed base to maintain an advantage over potential entrants. We study if backward compatibility can help moderate this process of rebuilding an installed base. Using a structural model of the US market for handheld game consoles, we show that backward compatibility lets incumbents transfer network effects from the old generation to the new to some extent but that it also reduces supply of new software. We also find that backward compatibility matters most shortly after the introduction of a new generation. Finally, we examine the tradeoff between technological progress and backward compatibility and find that backward compatibility matters less if there is a large technological leap between two generations. We subsequently use our results to assess the role of backward compatibility as a strategy to sustain a dominant market position.
An Aberrant Thymus in CCR5−/− Mice Is Coupled with an Enhanced Adaptive Immune Response in Fungal Infection

CCR5 is a potent mediator of regulatory T cell (Treg) chemotaxis. In murine histoplasmosis, mice lacking CCR5 or endogenous CCL4 have a reduced number of Tregs in the lungs, which results in accelerated resolution of infection. In this study, we demonstrate that CCR5 controls the outcome of Histoplasma capsulatum infection by dictating thymic and lymph node egress of Tregs. Mice lacking CCR5 or treated with a mAb to CCL4 had more Tregs in the thymus prior to and during infection. Thymic accumulation was associated with diminished transcription of the sphingosine 1-phosphate 1 receptor and Krüppel-like factor 2, both of which regulate thymic and lymph node emigration of T cells. The significance of CCR5 in Treg egress was demonstrated by generating mixed bone marrow chimeras. Chimeric mice had an increased proportion of CCR5−/− Tregs in the thymus and lymph nodes and a decreased proportion of Tregs in the lungs prior to and during H. capsulatum infection. Hence, CCR5 signaling regulates pathogen persistence in murine histoplasmosis by regulating Tregs exiting from the thymus and lymph nodes and, consequently, their subsequent homing in the periphery.