Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Type A Behavior in Untreated Hypertensive Individuals

Type A behavior has been associated with coronary heart disease as well as high cholesterol and smoking, major risk factors for coronary heart disease, but the data indicating a similar association with hypertension are inconsistent Since past studies have usually based hypertension on a single blood pressure assessment or have often included treated hypertensive patients, this inconsistency is not surprising. The current study compared the prevalence of Type A behavior (assessed by Rosenman's structured interview) between 109 untreated hypertensive subjects and 109 age-, sex-, ethnic-, and occupation-matched normotensive subjects. Hypertension status was based on five repeated assessments over a 5-month period. Results indicated that Type A behavior is more prevalent in untreated, mildly hypertensive employed individuals than occupationally matched normotensive subjects. Type A component analysis confirmed the importance of hostility and certain vigorous voice stylistics in predicting cardiovascular conditions. These findings, taken together with the evidence linking Type A behavior with high cholesterol and cigarette smoking, further support the view that this behavior pattern is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease.
Context-Aware Representations for Knowledge Base Relation Extraction

We demonstrate that for sentence-level relation extraction it is beneficial to consider other relations in the sentential context while predicting the target relation. Our architecture uses an LSTM-based encoder to jointly learn representations for all relations in a single sentence. We combine the context representations with an attention mechanism to make the final prediction. We use the Wikidata knowledge base to construct a dataset of multiple relations per sentence and to evaluate our approach. Compared to a baseline system, our method results in an average error reduction of 24 on a held-out set of relations. The code and the dataset to replicate the experiments are made available at https://github.com/ukplab/.
EXAMINING THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTS, TEACHERS, AND NEIGHBORHOOD SAFETY ON AFRICAN AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS’ MOTIVATION AND ACHIEVEMENT

OF DISSERTATION EXAMINING THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTS, TEACHERS, AND NEIGHBORHOOD SAFETY ON AFRICAN AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS’ MOTIVATION AND ACHIEVEMENT Guided by the theoretical frameworks of Baumrind’s parenting style theory, interpersonal expectations, Self Determination Theory, and self-efficacy, this study examines factors that influence African American students’ GPA and motivation, specifically associations between parents’ and teachers’ control, warmth, and educational expectations and African American adolescents’ GPA, self-efficacy, and intrinsic motivation were examined. The moderating effects of neighborhood safety on the aforementioned associations were also assessed. Using data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002, this study found that parents’ warmth and expectations were positive predictors of all educational variables, while parents control was a negative predictor of GPA and intrinsic motivation. Teachers’ warmth was a positive predictor of GPA and intrinsic motivation, and teachers’ expectations were positive predictor of self-efficacy. Lastly, teachers’ control was a positive predictor of self-efficacy. Neighborhood safety did not moderate associations. Findings suggest that African American students’ academic development can be enhanced by interventions that target relational interactions.
Software Piracy in the Presence of Open Source Alternatives

We develop a model to investigate the manner in which the pricing, profitability and protection strategies of the seller of a proprietary digital good respond to changing market conditions. Specifically, we investigate how the optimal strategy of a seller of proprietary software (such as Microsoft Office) is impacted by product piracy and the presence of Open Source Software alternatives (such as Open Office). Our results, based on an analytical model, show that the losses incurred by sellers of legitimate goods on account of high quality pirated goods are amplified by the level of network externalities. Therefore, for products characterized by high network externalities (such as software), it is crucial for sellers to try to maintain a large perceived quality gap between their product and illegal copies. We also find that the appearance of an OSS alternative leads the incumbent producer to reduce both the price of the legitimate product as well as the level of piracy control. Further, although high quality pirated goods are detrimental to profits in the absence of OSS, they may actually limit seller’s losses and the need to adjust prices and protection strategies due to the introduction of an OSS alternative. Thus, a firm such as Microsoft may find it easier to compete with OSS in the presence of product piracy. Finally, the seller is less affected (i.e., has to make smaller strategic adjustments to prices and piracy control) by the appearance of an OSS alternative when the consumers’ valuations of the proprietary software and the OSS are strongly correlated (i.e., when the OSS alternative is a close substitute for the original).
PREDICTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP INTENTION AMONG MALAY UNIVERSITY ACCOUNTING STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA

The Malaysian government strongly promotes entrepreneurship as a career choice among students. However, many students do not turn out to be entrepreneurs after their graduation, especially Malays. The students’ behaviour and decision to get involved in entrepreneurship can be further explained by their intention. Therefore, this study identifies factors that influence students’ intention to become an entrepreneur based on the model of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A sample of 121 final year Malay accounting students completed questionnaires from Universiti Malaya and Universiti Utara Malaysia, consisting of 18 items measuring attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and intention to be an entrepreneur was compiled. The findings of the study show that all three factors significantly influence students’ intention to become entrepreneurs. Out of these three factors, perceived behavioural control emerged as the strongest factor that had a strong influence on intention. This implies that the TPB model is capable of predicting students’ intention towards entrepreneurship, and further explain the students’ decision to become an entrepreneur in the future. The implications to the theory and policy makers are discussed further in this study.
Finite deformation mechanics in buckled thin films on compliant supports

We present detailed experimental and theoretical studies of the mechanics of thin buckled films on compliant substrates. In particular, accurate measurements of the wavelengths and amplitudes in structures that consist of thin, single-crystal ribbons of silicon covalently bonded to elastomeric substrates of poly(dimethylsiloxane) reveal responses that include wavelengths that change in an approximately linear fashion with strain in the substrate, for all values of strain above the critical strain for buckling. Theoretical reexamination of this system yields analytical models that can explain these and other experimental observations at a quantitative level. We show that the resulting mechanics has many features in common with that of a simple accordion bellows. These results have relevance to the many emerging applications of controlled buckling structures in stretchable electronics, microelectromechanical systems, thin-film metrology, optical devices, and others.
Acquisition, Maintenance and Generalization of Script Training: A Comparison of Errorful and Error-Reducing Conditions

Relatively few studies have investigated errorless versus errorful learning in aphasia, and most have focused on the single word level. In a review of a series of anomia studies, Fillingham et al. (2003) found that rate of success was equivalent for errorless and errorful conditions; the number of therapies using errorful techniques outweighed those based on errorless learning; errorless approaches were likely to achieve positive immediate effects, but many of the errorless studies did not report long term effects and generalization; and there was a lack of studies reporting a direct comparison of errorful and errorless learning. More recent work has continued to support the findings that there is no essential difference between error-free and errorless learning approaches (Middleton & Schwartz, 2012). However, none have investigated and contrasted the errorless/errorful learning paradigm in the production of phrases and sentences. This pilot study directly measures and compare the acquisition, maintenance and generalization of script-training under both error-reducing and errorful conditions. We hypothesized that error-reducing training would improve acquisition of a trained script while errorful learning would improve maintenance of the trained script and generalization to untrained scripts.
Prediction of hot spots in protein interfaces using a random forest model with hybrid features.

Prediction of hot spots in protein interfaces provides crucial information for the research on protein-protein interaction and drug design. Existing machine learning methods generally judge whether a given residue is likely to be a hot spot by extracting features only from the target residue. However, hot spots usually form a small cluster of residues which are tightly packed together at the center of protein interface. With this in mind, we present a novel method to extract hybrid features which incorporate a wide range of information of the target residue and its spatially neighboring residues, i.e. the nearest contact residue in the other face (mirror-contact residue) and the nearest contact residue in the same face (intra-contact residue). We provide a novel random forest (RF) model to effectively integrate these hybrid features for predicting hot spots in protein interfaces. Our method can achieve accuracy (ACC) of 82.4% and Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.482 in Alanine Scanning Energetics Database, and ACC of 77.6% and MCC of 0.429 in Binding Interface Database. In a comparison study, performance of our RF model exceeds other existing methods, such as Robetta, FOLDEF, KFC, KFC2, MINERVA and HotPoint. Of our hybrid features, three physicochemical features of target residues (mass, polarizability and isoelectric point), the relative side-chain accessible surface area and the average depth index of mirror-contact residues are found to be the main discriminative features in hot spots prediction. We also confirm that hot spots tend to form large contact surface areas between two interacting proteins. Source data and code are available at: http://www.aporc. org/doc/wiki/HotSpot.
Public health implications of dietary differences between social status and occupational category groups.

STUDY OBJECTIVE--As there is a social status gradient in chronic disease mortality in Australia, this study aimed to establish whether there were substantial differences among socioeconomically defined groups with respect to food choice and nutrient intake, in the context of risk of nutrition related chronic diseases. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS--Cross sectional data were collected from a randomly selected population sample of 1500 urban Australian adults. Data were collected by postal questionnaire, which included an assessment of dietary intake and questions on sociodemographic details. Three measures of social position were collected: occupation, educational status, and income status. Occupation was interpreted both on a continuous, prestige scale, and also as categorical occupational groupings. MAIN RESULTS--The study achieved a 70% response rate. Higher social status was generally associated with healthier dietary intakes, with lower fat and refined sugar densities, and higher fibre densities, but also with higher alcohol density. No differences were found in salt, polyunsaturated fat, protein, or complex carbohydrate densities across groups. Food intake differences were also found between occupational status groups, with the upper social groups tending to consume more wholegrain cereal foods, low fat milk, and fruit, and less refined cereal foods, full cream milk, fried meat, meat products, and discretionary sugar; but also more cheese and meat dishes. CONCLUSIONS--Although this study did show statistically significant differences across social status groups in relation to nutrient and food intakes, these differences were small compared to the disparity between intakes of all groups and the recommended patterns of intake, and did not appear to be great enough to be a major explanatory variable in differences in disease risk across groups.
[Dry eye and quality of life].

PURPOSE To evaluate the relation between dry eye severity and quality of life. METHODS 40 participants (19 with dry eye and 21 normal controls) underwent slit-lamp examination and Schirmer test to evaluate dry eye severity. Quality of life was evaluated with OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) and VFQ-25 (Visual Function Questionnaire-25). RESULTS The OSDI total score was significantly greater in patients suffering dry eye. However, BUT (break-up time) and VFQ-25 total score were significantly lower than in control subjects. In dry eye patients several statistically significant correlations (p<0.05) were found: OSDI with VFQ-25 total score (r=-0.62), BUT with corneal staining (r=-0.50) and Schirmer (0.66), BUT with OSDI total score, OSDI-symptoms and OSDI-triggers (r=-0.56, -0.56, -0.60); corneal staining with OSDI total score and OSDI-symptoms (r=0.55, 0.54), BUT with VFQ-25 total score, VFQ-25 ocular pain, mental function and role function. (r=0.56, 0.51, 0.63, 0.56); corneal staining with VFQ-25 total score, VFQ-25 ocular pain and near vision (r=-0.57, -0.49, -0.62). CONCLUSION Quality of life is decreased in patients with dry eye. OSDI and VFQ-25 questionnaires are valid instruments for measuring the impact of dry eye disease. BUT and corneal staining provide an indirect measurement of quality of life.
Losartan counteracts the hyper-reactivity to angiotensin II and ROCK 1 over-activation in aortas isolated from streptozotocin-injected diabetic rats

Background: In streptozotocin-injected rats (STZ-rats), we previously demonstrated a role for angiotensin II (AT-II) in cardiac remodelling and insulin resistance partially counteracted by in vivo treatment with losartan, an AT-II receptor antagonist. We now aimed to investigate the effect of treating diabetic STZ-rats with losartan on diabetes vascular response to vasoconstrictors. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided in four groups, two of them were assigned to receive losartan in the drinking water (20 mg/kg/day) until the experiment ending (3 weeks afterward). After 1 week, two groups, one of which receiving losartan, were injected in the tail vein with citrate buffer (normoglycemic, N and normoglycemic, losartan-treated, NL). The remaining received a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg in citrate i.v.) thus becoming diabetic (D) and diabetic losartantreated (DL). Plasma glycaemia and blood pressure were measured in all animals before the sacrifice (15 days after diabetes induction). In aortic strips isolated from N, NL, D and DL rats we evaluated i) the isometric concentration-dependent contractile response to phenylephrine (Phe) and to AT-II; ii) the RhoA-kinase (ROCK1) activity and expression by enzyme-immunoassay and Western blot respectively. Key results: The concentration-dependent contractile effect of Phe was similar in aortas from all groups, whereas at all concentrations tested, AT-II contraction efficacy was 2 and half and 1 and half times higher in D and DL respectively in comparison with N and NL. AT-II contracture was similarly reduced in all groups by AT-II receptor antagonists, irbesartan or irbesartan plus PD123319. HA-1077 (10 μM), an inhibitor of ROCK1 activity, reduced AT-II efficacy (Δmg/mg tissue w.w.) by 3.5 ± 1.0, -4.6 ± 1.9, -22.1 ± 2.2 and -11.4 ± 1.3 in N, NL, D and DL respectively). ROCK1 activity and expression were higher in D than in N/NL and DL aortas. Conclusion and implications: Aortas isolated from STZ-rats present hyper-contracture to AT-II mainly dependent on the up-regulation of ROCK1 expression/activity. In vivo losartan treatment partially corrects AT-II hyper-contracture, limiting the increase in ROCK1 expression/activity. These data offer a new molecular mechanism supporting the rationale for using losartan in the prevention of diabetic vascular complications. Published: 22 June 2009 Cardiovascular Diabetology 2009, 8:32 doi:10.1186/1475-2840-8-32 Received: 20 April 2009 Accepted: 22 June 2009 This article is available from: http://www.cardiab. com/content/8/1/32 © 2009 Failli et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Electrical characteristic variability in 16-nm multi-gate MOSFET current mirror circuit

In this study, we examine the dependency of current mirror circuit characteristics on channel-fin aspect-ratio (AR = fin height / the fin width) of 16-nm multi-gate MOSFET and device's intrinsic parameter fluctuation including metal-gate work-function fluctuation (WKF), random-dopant fluctuation (RDF), process-variation effect (PVE), and oxide-thickness fluctuation (OTF). For n- and p-type current mirror circuits, the fluctuations dominated by RDF and WKF, respectively, could be suppressed by high AR of devices due to improved driving current. For n- and p-type current mirror circuits, IOUT fluctuation dominated by RDF and WKF in FinFET (AR = 2) is 2.8 and 2.5 times smaller than that of quasi-planar (AR = 0.5) device, respectively.
Insights into genetic susceptibility in the etiology of spontaneous preterm birth

Preterm birth (PTB; <37 weeks of gestation) is a complex disorder, whose etiology is influenced by a variety of factors. A greater understanding of the biological mechanisms that contribute to PTB will facilitate identification of those at increased risk and may inform new treatments. To accomplish this, it is vital to elucidate the heritability patterns of this condition as well as the environment and lifestyle factors that increase risk for PTB. Identifying individual genes that contribute to the etiology of PTB presents particular challenges, and there has been little agreement among candidate gene and genome-wide studies performed to date. In this review we will evaluate recent genetic studies of spontaneous PTB, discuss common themes among their findings, and suggest approaches for future studies of PTB.
Overtraining Phenomena: Expert and Athlete Perspectives on Pathogenic Sport Involvement

The purpose of this research project was to provide an in-depth account of elite athletes' experiences of, and experts' perspectives on, overtraining and its negative outcomes. I conducted interviews with athletes and sports experts, including coaches, sport doctors, scientists, and psychologists across a variety of sports. The interviews were focussed on identifying personal and situational risk factors for overtraining behaviours and outcomes. This thesis includes discussions of the responses to the interviews from the athletes' and the experts' perspectives, with distinct approaches to analysing and presenting the interview data from these two groups' different perspectives. For the 14 experts, I carried out inductive content analyses of the interviews and presented the results in a tree-structure showing the major categories, subcategories, and raw data themes emerging from the data. For the 13 athletes, I used a narrative approach to analysing and presenting their stories, which I aggregated into three core tales, represented by three constructed fictional athletes. From the athletes' stories, I found support for the perspectives presented by the experts. I also uncovered, however, unique accounts of overtraining experiences that provided insight into the intra-psychic conflicts, sometimes obsessive-compulsive features, and complicated relationships of the not-as-perfect-as-perceived-to-be athletes. Taken together, both sets of interviews revealed that overtraining behaviours are significant issues in most sports, whether skill- or effort-based, which may go against traditional conceptions of overtraining. In the general discussion, I present a descriptive model of overtraining risks and outcomes, which came together from the synthesis of the athlete and expert interview results, and, finally, I discuss implications for professional practice and make suggestions for future research.
Different mechanisms are involved in apoptosis induced by melanoma gangliosides on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells

Tumor escape is linked to multiple mechanisms, notably the liberation, by tumor cells, of soluble factors that inhibit the function of dendritic cells (DC). We have shown that melanoma gangliosides impair DC differentiation and induce their apoptosis. The present study was aimed to give insight into the mechanisms involved. DC apoptosis was independent of the catabolism of gangliosides since lactosylceramide did not induce cell death. Apoptosis induced by GM3 and GD3 gangliosides was not blocked by inhibitors of de novo ceramide biosynthesis, whereas the acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor desipramine only prevented apoptosis induced by GM3. Furthermore, our results suggest that DC apoptosis was triggered via caspase activation, and it was ROS dependent with GD3 ganglioside, suggesting that GM3 and GD3 induced apoptosis through different mechanisms.
Role of Wnt Inhibitory Factor-1 in Inhibition of Bisdemethoxycurcumin Mediated Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Highly Metastatic Lung Cancer 95D Cells

Background: Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) is an active component of curcumin and a chemotherapeutic agent, which has been suggested to inhibit tumor growth, invasion and metastasis in multiple cancers. But its contribution and mechanism of action in invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not very clear. Therefore, we tried to study the effects of BDMC on regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is closely linked to tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Methods: In this study, we first induced transforming growth factor-&bgr;1 (TGF-&bgr;1) mediated EMT in highly metastatic lung cancer 95D cells. Thereafter, we studied the effects of BDMC on invasion and migration of 95D cells. In addition, EMT markers expressions were also analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence assays. The contribution of Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1) in regulating BDMC effects on TGF-&bgr;1 induced EMT were further analyzed by its overexpression and small interfering RNA knockdown studies. Results: It was observed that BDMC inhibited the TGF-&bgr;1 induced EMT in 95D cells. Furthermore, it also inhibited the Wnt signaling pathway by upregulating WIF-1 protein expression. In addition, WIF-1 manipulation studies further revealed that WIF-1 is a central molecule mediating BDMC response towards TGF-&bgr;1 induced EMT by regulating cell invasion and migration. Conclusions: Our study concluded that BDMC effects on TGF-&bgr;1 induced EMT in NSCLC are mediated through WIF-1 and elucidated a novel mechanism of EMT regulation by BDMC.