Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review: A systematic review of the impact of physical activity programmes on social and emotional well-being in at-risk youth.

BACKGROUND Physical activity programmes have been identified as a potential strategy for improving social and emotional well-being in at-risk youth, who have a prevalence of depression and low self-esteem exceeding the general population. METHODS A systematic search of six electronic databases (EMBASE, OVID MEDLINE, PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus and SPORTDiscus) was conducted to identify physical activity programmes designed to improve social and emotional well-being in at-risk youth. RESULTS The search identified 15 studies, which reported the effects of three types of physical activity programmes (i.e. outdoor adventure, sport and skill-based and physical fitness programmes) on social and emotional well-being. While many of the interventions resulted in significant positive effects, the risk of bias was high in all of the included studies. CONCLUSION Due to the mixed findings and the high risk of bias, it is difficult to determine the efficacy of physical activity programmes for improving social and emotional well being in at-risk youth.
Characteristics of NPS use in patients admitted to acute psychiatric services in Southeast Scotland: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis following public health interventions

Objectives Assess the impact of selective prohibition and seizure of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) supply on NPS use prevalence within psychiatric admissions and evaluate demographic characteristics of current NPS users. Design A 6-month retrospective cross-sectional analysis of discharge letters between 1 October 2015 and 31 March 2016. Setting General psychiatry inpatients and intensive home treatment team (IHTT) community patients at a psychiatric hospital in a Scottish city. Participants All participants were between the ages of 18 and 65 years. After application of exclusion criteria, 473 discharge letters of general psychiatry patients were deemed suitable for analysis and 264 IHTT patient discharge letters were analysed. Interventions A nationwide temporary class drug order (TCDO) was placed on 10 April 2015 reclassifying methylphenidate-related compounds as class B substances. On 15 October 2015, local forfeiture orders were granted to trading standards permitting the seizure of NPS supplies. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome measure was to determine the prevalence of NPS use in two cohorts. Second, demographic features of patients and details regarding their psychiatric presentation were analysed. Results The prevalence of NPS use in general psychiatry and IHTT patients was 6.6% and 3.4%, respectively. Inpatients using NPS compared with non-users were more likely to be men (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.28 to 6.66, P=0.009), have a forensic history (OR 5.03, CI 2.39 to 10.59, P<0.001) and be detained under an Emergency Detention Certificate (OR 3.50, CI 1.56 to 7.82, P=0.004). NPS users were also more likely to be diagnosed under International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Version 10, F10–19 (OR 9.97, CI 4.62 to 21.49, P<0.001). Conclusions Compared with previous work, psychiatric inpatient NPS use has fallen. NPS continue to be used by a demographic previously described resulting in presentations consistent with a drug-induced psychosis and at times requiring detention under the Mental Health Act. Further research is required to evaluate the effectiveness of the recent prohibition of all NPS.
SOBA: Secrecy-preserving Observable Ballot-level Audit

SOBA is an approach to election verification that provides observers with justifiably high confidence that the reported results of an election are consistent with an audit trail ("ballots"), which can be paper or electronic. SOBA combines three ideas: (1) publishing cast vote records (CVRs) separately for each contest, so that anyone can verify that each reported contest outcome is correct, if the CVRs reflect voters' intentions with sufficient accuracy; (2) shrouding a mapping between ballots and the CVRs for those ballots to prevent the loss of privacy that could occur otherwise; (3) assessing the accuracy with which the CVRs reflect voters' intentions for a collection of contests while simultaneously assessing the integrity of the shrouded mapping between ballots and CVRs by comparing randomly selected ballots to the CVRs that purport to represent them. Step (1) is related to work by the Humboldt County Election Transparency Project, but publishing CVRs separately for individual contests rather than images of entire ballots preserves privacy. Step (2) requires a cryptographic commitment from elections officials. Observers participate in step (3), which relies on the "super-simple simultaneous single-ballot risk-limiting audit. " Step (3) is designed to reveal relatively few ballots if the shrouded mapping is proper and the CVRs accurately reflect voter intent. But if the reported outcomes of the contests differ from the outcomes that a full hand count would show, step (3) is guaranteed to have a large chance of requiring all the ballots to be counted by hand, thereby limiting the risk that an incorrect outcome will become official and final
A Theory of Crowdfunding - A Mechanism Design Approach with Demand Uncertainty and Moral Hazard

Crowdfunding provides innovation in that it enables entrepreneurs to contract with consumers before investment. Under aggregate demand uncertainty, this improves screening for valuable projects. Entrepreneurial moral hazard threatens this benefit. Studying the subsequent trade-off between screening and moral hazard, the paper characterizes optimal mechanisms. Popular all-or-nothing reward-crowdfunding schemes reflect their salient features. Efficiency is sustainable only if returns exceed investment costs by a margin reflecting the degree of moral hazard. Constrained efficient mechanisms exhibit underinvestment. As a screening tool for valuable projects, crowdfunding promotes social welfare. Crowdfunding complements rather than substitutes traditional entrepreneurial financing.
CoMPSoC: A template for composable and predictable multi-processor system on chips

A growing number of applications, often with firm or soft real-time requirements, are integrated on the same System on Chip, in the form of either hardware or software intellectual property. The applications are started and stopped at run time, creating different use-cases. Resources, such as interconnects and memories, are shared between different applications, both within and between use-cases, to reduce silicon cost and power consumption. The functional and temporal behaviour of the applications is verified by simulation and formal methods. Traditionally, designers resort to monolithic verification of the system as whole, since the applications interfere in shared resources, and thus affect each other's behaviour. Due to interference between applications, the integration and verification complexity grows exponentially in the number of applications, and the task to verify correct behaviour of concurrent applications is on the system designer rather than the application designers. In this work, we propose a Composable and Predictable Multi-Processor System on Chip (CoMPSoC) platform template. This scalable hardware and software template removes all interference between applications through resource reservations. We demonstrate how this enables a divide-and-conquer design strategy, where all applications, potentially using different programming models and communication paradigms, are developed and verified independently of one another. Performance is analyzed per application, using state-of-the-art dataflow techniques or simulation, depending on the requirements of the application. These results still apply when the applications are integrated onto the platform, thus separating system-level design and application design.
Statistical characterization of current paths in narrow poly-Si channels

A statistical evaluation of current-voltage characteristics in small-size vertical poly-Si channels is used to study the poly-Si conduction properties and defects. Three poly-Si process options are considered. It is shown how defects and grain boundaries lead to percolation current paths, modulated by electron charging. Low mobility in microcrystalline-Si can be exchanged for higher mobility in large-grain poly-Si, at the expense of larger variability.
A Genome-Wide Screen for Genetic Variants That Modify the Recruitment of REST to Its Target Genes

Increasing numbers of human diseases are being linked to genetic variants, but our understanding of the mechanistic links leading from DNA sequence to disease phenotype is limited. The majority of disease-causing nucleotide variants fall within the non-protein-coding portion of the genome, making it likely that they act by altering gene regulatory sequences. We hypothesised that SNPs within the binding sites of the transcriptional repressor REST alter the degree of repression of target genes. Given that changes in the effective concentration of REST contribute to several pathologies—various cancers, Huntington's disease, cardiac hypertrophy, vascular smooth muscle proliferation—these SNPs should alter disease-susceptibility in carriers. We devised a strategy to identify SNPs that affect the recruitment of REST to target genes through the alteration of its DNA recognition element, the RE1. A multi-step screen combining genetic, genomic, and experimental filters yielded 56 polymorphic RE1 sequences with robust and statistically significant differences of affinity between alleles. These SNPs have a considerable effect on the the functional recruitment of REST to DNA in a range of in vitro, reporter gene, and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, we observe allele-specific biases in deeply sequenced chromatin immunoprecipitation data, consistent with predicted differenes in RE1 affinity. Amongst the targets of polymorphic RE1 elements are important disease genes including NPPA, PTPRT, and CDH4. Thus, considerable genetic variation exists in the DNA motifs that connect gene regulatory networks. Recently available ChIP–seq data allow the annotation of human genetic polymorphisms with regulatory information to generate prior hypotheses about their disease-causing mechanism.
Stress, sense of coherence and quality of life among Norwegian nurse students after a period of clinical practice

Background. Previous research has found that sense of coherence is significantly related to aspects of health, but studies on nurse students with a salutogenic approach are limited. Objectives. To investigate (1) if nurse students’ experience of stress differs among clinical practice in nursing homes and medical/surgical wards. (2) Whether sense of coherence and stress are associated with quality of life. (3) If sense of coherence acts as a moderator in the relationship between stress and quality of life. Participants. Data were collected from 227 nurse students between January and April 2014. Methods. Questionnaires measuring stress, sense of coherence and quality of life were completed after a period of clinical practice. Linear regression analyses were used to measure associations between stress, and sense of coherence respectively, and quality of life. Results. The results showed that 33.92% of the students experienced moderate or high levels of stress, and there was significantly more stress in hospital wards compared to nursing homes (p = 0.027). Sense of coherence was positively associated with quality of life in the simple and multiple regression analyses (p < 0.01). Stress was negatively associated with quality of life in the simple regression analysis (p < 0.01), but not in the multiple analyses when sense of coherence was included. However, when we included an interaction term, stress was no longer associated with quality of life and sense of coherence appeared to be a significant moderator in the relationship between stress and quality of life (p = 0.015). Thus, a negative association was seen among students with the lowest levels of sense of coherence. Conclusion. These findings suggest that sense of coherence could be seen as a resource that nurse educators can build upon when supporting students in coping with stress.
GERAÇÕES PRODUTIVAS E COMPROMETIMENTO ORGANIZACIONAL: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO COM OFICIAIS DA AERONÁUTICA

Despite the recent interest on generational issue in organizations, which are faced with the challenge of attracting and engage young workers entering the in the labor market, the so-called Generation Y, there are few studies that empirically investigate the implications of generational differences for organizational commitment. The lack of research on this issue has led to this study, which investigates and compares the bases of organizational commitment of generation X and Y officers from the Administrative Division of the Air Force. The research was based on data collected using the EBACO scale (or OCS - Organizational Commitment Scale) (Bastos et al., 2008) and a sample comprised by 162 officer from both cohorts. The results suggest that generation Y officers have lower levels of organizational commitment than generation X officers on the affective, obligation to stay, obligation for results, consistent line of activity and affiliation bases. No differences were observed on bases of continuance commitment, i.e. scarcity of alternatives and lack of rewards and opportunities. The results are discussed as far as their relevance for the literature on generational differences and commitment, and also the practical implications of the management of human resources in contemporary organizations.
Codeflaws: A Programming Competition Benchmark for Evaluating Automated Program Repair Tools

Several automated program repair techniques have been proposed to reduce the time and effort spent in bug-fixing. While these repair tools are designed to be generic such that they could address many software faults, different repair tools may fix certain types of faults more effectively than other tools. Therefore, it is important to compare more objectively the effectiveness of different repair tools on various fault types. However, existing benchmarks on automated program repairs do not allow thorough investigation of the relationship between fault types and the effectiveness of repair tools. We present Codeflaws, a set of 3902 defects from 7436 programs automatically classified across 39 defect classes (we refer to different types of fault as defect classes derived from the syntactic differences between a buggy program and a patched program).
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Drops and jets of complex fluids

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Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and development of radiographic and painful knee osteoarthritis. A community-based cohort of middle-aged women

Abstract Context and objective: We evaluated the predictive value of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP) levels over 20 years on the development of radiographic (RKOA) and painful knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in a longitudinal cohort of middle-aged women. Materials and methods: Five hundred and ninety-three women with no baseline KOA underwent 5-year knee radiographs over 20-years and were asked about knee pain a month before each assessment. A repeated measures logistic regression model was used where the outcomes were recorded at 5, 10, 15 and 20-years follow-up. Results: The highest quartile of sCOMP was associated with increased risk of RKOA with overall OR of 1.97 (95% CI: 1.33–2.91) over 20 years when compared with the lowest sCOMP quartile. The association with painful KOA was similar and also independent, but only when the fourth and third sCOMP quartiles were compared. Discussion and conclusion: This study demonstrates that sCOMP levels are predictive of subsequent structural changes and incidence of painful KOA, independently of age and BMI.
Human C-reactive protein slows atherosclerosis development in a mouse model with human-like hypercholesterolemia

Increased baseline values of the acute-phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP) are significantly associated with future cardiovascular disease, and some in vitro studies have claimed that human CRP (hCRP) has proatherogenic effects. in vivo studies in apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse models, however, have given conflicting results. We bred atherosclerosis-prone mice (Apob100/100Ldlr−/−), which have human-like hypercholesterolemia, with hCRP transgenic mice (hCRP+/0) and studied lesion development at 15, 30, 40, and 50 weeks of age. Atherosclerotic lesions were smaller in hCRP+/0Apob100/100Ldlr−/− mice than in hCRP0/0Apob100/100Ldlr−/− controls, as judged from the lesion surface areas of pinned-out aortas from mice at 40 and 50 weeks of age. In lesions from 40-week-old mice, mRNA expression levels of several genes in the proteasome degradation pathway were higher in hCRP+/0Apob100/100Ldlr−/− mice than in littermate controls, as shown by global gene expression profiles. These results were confirmed by real-time PCR, which also indicated that the activities of those genes were the same at 30 and 40 weeks in hCRP+/0Apob100/100Ldlr−/− mice but were significantly lower at 40 weeks than at 30 weeks in controls. Our results show that hCRP is not proatherogenic but instead slows atherogenesis, possibly through proteasome-mediated protein degradation.
Quantitative feed restriction or meal-feeding of broiler chicks alter functional development of enzymes for protein digestion

1. Two experiments were performed on broiler chicks to determine the effect of either quantitative feed restriction (QFR) from 5 to 11 d of age or meal-feeding (MF) from d 5 to 17 on development of activity of enzymes associated with protein digestion. 2. Proteolytic activity of the proventriculus was reduced by QFR but unaffected by MF. 3. General proteolytic and carboxypeptidase A activities of the pancreas were reduced by QFR and MF. 4. Amino- and dipeptidase activities of the small intestine were increased by QFR. Dipeptidase activity was unaffected by MF. 5. Nitrogen retention of QFR chicks was lower immediately following feed restriction but not in the 2 weeks following return to ad libitum access to feed. 6. Feeding regimen alters functional development of the enzymes of protein digestion and may therefore influence growth rate of broilers.
Congenital Flaccid Bulbar Palsy

Weakness of the muscles supplied by the bulbar nuclei may be congenital, producing feeding difficulties immediately after birth and dysarthria at a later date. Most commonly the bulbar palsy is of supranuclear type, and forms part of the clinical picture of severe generalized cerebral palsy, usually of the athetoid variety. The defect may, however, be confined to the bulbar muscles. In these cases the infant is found to suck poorly in the neonatal period and to have difficulty in chewing and swallowing when weaned. Speech may be delayed and a characteristic dysarthria noted, so that the child may be incorrectly regarded as of subnormal intelligence. Drooling may be excessive, while chewing continues to be laboured. On examination the jaw-jerk is found to be exaggerated and the tongue to move stiffly. Less often the congenital bulbar palsy is of lower-motorneurone type. Here there is likely to be nasalregurgitation of milk in infancy and early childhood. Again sucking is often poor. Later these children find they cannot easily blow their nose or blow a musical instrument without the nostrils being pinched shut. Delay in speech is associated with a nasal dysarthria. Such patients evidently form a small proportion of those seen at speech-therapy clinics, in one of which Ingram (1959) found no lower-motor-neurone disorders in a series of 189 patients. If the lower-motor-neurone paralysis is progressive the probability that the child is suffering from Werdnig-Hoffmann disease must be considered. By contrast, the following 10 cases form a moderately homogeneous group in which a nonprogressive flaccid bulbar palsy was directly responsible for the presenting complaint. It will be seen that, as in those children with supranuclear lesions, the bulbar palsy may be only one feature of severe generalized but, in this case, flaccid paralysis. Similar cases have been described previously-for example, Benson (1962)-but only as sporadic single case reports. Congenital flaccid bulbar palsy is well recognized as a feature of Mobius's syndrome or facial diplegia (Mobius, 1892), but in published descriptions of this malady (Henderson, 1939 ; Evans, 1955) bulbar symptomatology is never prominent. All the cases described below were under the care of Dr. P. H. Sandifer unless otherwise stated.
A cure for the plague of parameters: constraining models of complex population dynamics with allometries

A major goal of ecology is to discover how dynamics and structure of multi-trophic ecological communities are related. This is difficult, because whole-community data are limited and typically comprise only a snapshot of a community instead of a time series of dynamics, and mathematical models of complex system dynamics have a large number of unmeasured parameters and therefore have been only tenuously related to real systems. These are related problems, because long time-series, if they were commonly available, would enable inference of parameters. The resulting ‘plague of parameters’ means most studies of multi-species population dynamics have been very theoretical. Dynamical models parametrized using physiological allometries may offer a partial cure for the plague of parameters, and these models are increasingly used in theoretical studies. However, physiological allometries cannot determine all parameters, and the models have also rarely been directly tested against data. We confronted a model of community dynamics with data from a lake community. Many important empirical patterns were reproducible as outcomes of dynamics, and were not reproducible when parameters did not follow physiological allometries. Results validate the usefulness, when parameters follow physiological allometries, of classic differential-equation models for understanding whole-community dynamics and the structure–dynamics relationship.