Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patient information about general anaesthesia on the internet

The internet is a frequently consulted source of health information. Using the Google search engine, we searched for patient information about general anaesthesia on the world wide web, using four synonyms of the term in four languages and analysing the top 20 results. Of the 320 search results, 104 (32%) contained relevant information: 36 (45%) with the English (UK); 39 (49%) with the English (US); 13 (16%) with the Swedish; and 16 (20%) with the Finnish search terms (p < 0.001). ‘Good’ websites, defined as those with a DISCERN rating of 4–5 stars, were found in all languages: 12 with the English (UK); 11 with the English (US); two with the Swedish; and one with the Finnish search terms (p = 0.012). Few good websites showed a reading grade level of ≤ 8 that is recommended for consumer health information. Of the good quality sites, 18/22 (82%) remained within the top 20, three months later.
Blood pressure in pediatric patients with Cushing syndrome.

CONTEXT Hypertension (HTN) has been reported in up to 60% of children with Cushing syndrome (CS), but its course, side effects, and potential differences among various causes of CS have not been adequately studied. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to measure blood pressure in pediatric patients with CS before and after transphenoidal surgery or adrenalectomy and identify side effects and rates of residual HTN. DESIGN Data from 86 children with corticotropinomas [Cushing disease (CD)] and 27 children with ACTH-independent CS (AICS) were analyzed. RESULTS Patients with CD and AICS had significant HTN before surgery; more patients with AICS had systolic HTN (SHTN) than with CD (74 vs. 44%, P = 0.0077), but the rate of diastolic HTN (DHTN) was similar. Both groups experienced significant decreases in SHTN immediately after transphenoidal surgery and adrenalectomy. One year postoperatively, both SHTN and DHTN were lower than the preoperative values in all patients, but as many as 16 and 4% of the patients with CD and 21 and 5% of the patients with AICS still had SHTN and DHTN, respectively. Higher blood pressure preoperatively correlated with cortisol levels. Two patients suffered serious side effects: one with multiple infarcts and another with hypertensive encephalopathy. CONCLUSIONS Children with CS are at risk for residual HTN despite a significant improvement after surgical cure. HTN appears to correlate with the degree of hypercortisolemia. Serious HTN-related side effects, although rare, may occur during the perioperative period.
Information lossless full rate full diversity cyclotomic linear dispersion codes

It has recently been determined (by others) that one can construct full rate full diversity linear space-time block codes without a reduction in the achievable information rate. In this paper, we address two issues in those designs. One issue is whether the rotation matrix and the Diophantine number can be systematically and efficiently constructed for an arbitrary number of transmitter antennas and receiver antennas and whether the signal constellation is necessarily limited to PAM or QAM. The other issue is whether the currently available square designs can be generalized to a rectangular design and in particular, to a linear dispersion code design. This paper resolves these issues by proposing a trace-orthonormal linear space-time block code and linear dispersion code, and giving a systematic method to design such a code family. By carefully selecting V-structured matrices or conjugate V-structured matrices in this family, we can systematically and efficiently design information lossless full rate full diversity cyclotomic space-time codes.
Performance-driven architectural synthesis for distributed register-file microarchitecture considering inter-island delay

In deep-submicron era, wire delay is becoming the bottleneck while pursuing high system clock speed. Several distributed register (DR) architectures are proposed to cope with this problem by keeping most wires local. In this paper, we propose the distributed register-file microarchitecture with inter-island delay (DRFM-IID). With such delay consideration, synthesis task is inherently more complicated than the one with no inter-island delay concern since uncertain interconnect latency is very likely to make a serious impact on whole system performance. Hence we also develop a performance-driven architectural synthesis framework targeting DRFM-IID, which takes the number of inter-island transfers, transfer criticality and resource utilization into account for better optimization outcomes. The experimental results show that the latency and the number of inter-cluster transfers can be reduced by 26.9% and 37.5% on average; and the latter is a common indicator for power consumption of on-chip communication.
Breast cancer molecular subclassification and estrogen receptor expression to predict efficacy of adjuvant anthracyclines-based chemotherapy: a biomarker study from two randomized trials.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of breast cancer molecular subclassification regarding the benefit of adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tumor samples from 823 patients included in two randomized trials that compared an anthracycline-based chemotherapy with no treatment were used to construct a tissue array. Estrogen receptor (ER), Her2, epidermal growth factor receptor, cytokeratine 5/6 expressions were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The potential predictive factors of treatment effect on disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed by interaction tests and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Sixty-four (8%), 98 (12%), 109 (14%) and 527 (66%) patients presented a Her2+/ER-, basal-like, Her2-/ER-/nonbasal and luminal-like breast cancer. ER expression, when assessed by IHC, was an independent predictive factor for the benefit of chemotherapy on DFS (test for interaction, P = 0.0015). The molecular subclassification significantly predicted the efficacy of chemotherapy (test for interaction, P = 0.01), but had no significant added value (P = 0.32) as compared to the ER by treatment interaction. Adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio for relapse or death of 0.42 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17-1.05], 0.54 (95% CI: 0.27-1.08), 0.35 (95% CI: 0.18-0.68), 1.07 (95% CI: 0.81-1.41) for patients with Her2+/ER-, basal-like, Her2-/ER-/nonbasal and luminal-like tumors, respectively. CONCLUSION The breast cancer molecular subclassification was predictive for chemotherapy efficacy in adjuvant setting, but did not provide significant additional information to ER.
Partial Degree Conditions and Cycle Coverings

Let G be a graph of order n. Let W be a subset of V(G) with |W|≥3k , where k is a positive integer. We show that if d(x)≥2n/3 for each x∈W , then G contains k vertex‐disjoint cycles covering W such that each of the k cycles contains at least three vertices of W.
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Working Paper Series New Keynesian Optimal-policy Models: an Empirical Assessment New Keynesian Optimal-policy Models: an Empirical Assessment *

The views in this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Abstract This paper estimates two optimization-based sticky-price New Keynesian models and assesses how well they describe US output, inflation, and interest rate dynamics. We consider models in which either internal habit formation or external habit formation influence consumption behavior, and in which Calvo-pricing and inflation indexation generate price and inflation inertia. Subject to constraints dictated by household and firm behavior, monetary policy is set under discretion and the model's time-consistent equilibrium is employed to estimate key behavioral parameters. We find that specifications estimated on consumption data perform better than specifications estimated on output data and that models with external habit formation out-perform models with internal habit formation. Nevertheless, even the best fitting specification displays characteristics that are inconsistent with the data. and the Bank of England. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco or the Federal Reserve System.
Implementing a Ticket Sales Force in College Athletics: A Decade of Challenges

This research explores the challenges of developing a ticket sales force v^thin a collegiate athletic department by investigating the difficulties one BCS college faced over the course of a decade amidst the implementation and management of a ticket sales force. The athletic department at the University of Miami was the first of its kind to establish a ticket sales force similar to that of professional sports organizations in that it would constitute its own directors and management team within the department. Like many metropolitan universities, the University of Miami athletic department faced challenging marketing conditions. Its locale offered unique marketing and sales opportunities for the athletic department to better leverage the visibility of their athletic programs and increase the oVerall attendance at university sporting events. Using qualitative collection methods and coding analysis techniques, this research explores the methods used by the University of Miami athletic department to increase ticket sales revenue from the time a ticket sales force was established to the time of its demise. Propositions regarding the successful implementation and management of ticket sales operations within college athletic departments are provided to help guide future research in the area of sport ticket sales and coUegiate athletics. Though generalizing how athletic departments function can be difficult, the authors believe the findings of this research provide a useful framework for further research into this line of inquiry. Practical implications as well as avenues for potential research are also forwarded.
Game-Theoretic Framework for Cooperative Sensing and Fair Spectrum Access in Multichannel Cognitive Radio Networks

In cognitive radio (CR) networks, secondary users (SUs) sense the spectrum to identify and possibly transmit over temporarily unoccupied channels licensed to primary users (PUs). When the received PU signal is weak, spectrum sensing by individual SUs becomes unreliable. To improve the sens- ing accuracy, SUs can cooperate to discover idle time slots. However, fair payoff (spectrum access) allocation has not been investigated for cooperative sensing in multichannel CR networks with heterogeneous PU signal quality at different SU sensors although such scenarios are prevalent in practice. In this paper, a two-layer coalitional game model is investigated, in which the coalition formation and the payoff allocation problems are decoupled: in the top-layer hedonic game, SUs form disjoint coalitions over potentially available channels while in the bottom- layer game, SUs negotiate over the payoff allocation within each coalition. The cooperatively detected spectrum opportunities are then shared among the coalition members in a coordinated man- ner according to their binding agreement on payoff allocation. The proposed game is decentralized and fosters cooperation by providing each SU with the transmission opportunities it deserves. Moreover, we propose a new physical-layer approach to distribute the network-level miss-detection (MD) constraints fairly among the interfering SUs for guaranteed PU protection. We demonstrate the performance advantages of the AND-rule combining of spectrum sensing results for heterogeneous SUs. Numerical results show that the proposed game outperforms previously investigated collaborative sensing and multichannel access approaches in terms of energy efficiency, throughput, SU fairness, and computational complexity. Finally, the effect of mobility on the computational complexity of the proposed game is discussed.
Comparing the Evolution of the Galaxy Disk Sizes with Cold Dark Matter Models: The Hubble Deep Field

The intrinsic sizes of the field galaxies with I ≤ 26 in the Hubble and ESO New Technology Telescope (NTT) Deep Fields are shown as a function of their redshifts and absolute magnitudes using photometric redshifts derived from the multicolor catalogs and are compared with the cold dark matter (CDM) predictions. Extending to the lower luminosities and to the higher z that our previous analysis performed on the NTT field alone, we find the distribution of the galaxy disk sizes at different cosmic epochs is within the range predicted by typical CDM models. However, the observed size distribution of faint (MB > -19) galaxies is skewed with respect to the CDM predictions, and an excess of small-size disks (Rd < 2 kpc) is already present at z ∼ 0.5. The excess persists up to z ∼ 3 and involves brighter galaxies. Such an excess may be reduced if luminosity-dependent effects, like starburst activity in interacting galaxies, are included in the physical mechanisms governing the star formation history in CDM models.
Assessment of Brain Damage: Discriminant Validity of a Neuropsychological Key Approach with the McCarron-Dial System

The present study investigates the predictive accuracy of a key approach to interpretation of the verbal-spatialcognitive (VSC) and sensorimotor (SM) factors of the McCarron-Dial System (MDS). The subjects include 99 brain damaged and 30 normal adults. The following research questions are addressed: (a) Does the neuropsychological key classify brain damaged and non-brain damaged subjects at a level significantly above chance? (b) Among the brain damaged subjects, does the neuropsychological key identify right brain damage, left brain damage and diffuse brain damage at an accuracy level significantly above chance? (c) Is the neuropsychological key approach superior to the empirical model derived from discriminant function analysis in predictive accuracy? The neuropsychological key correctly classifies 90% of the cases as brain damaged and 90% of the cases as non-brain damaged, for a total of 89.9% predictive accuracy. The obtained Kappa coefficient of . 74 is statistically significant. The key accurately classifies 71.4% of the brain damaged group as right damage, 70% as left damage, and 93.8% as diffuse damage, for a total predictive accuracy of 7 9.5%. The Kappa coefficient of . 68 is statistically significant. Chi square analysis of the difference between the key approach and multiple discriminant function analysis reveals that no significant difference is present between the accuracy of the two approaches in differentiating between brain damaged and non-brain damaged, or in differentiating among left, right and diffuse brain damage. The results support the validity of a neuropsychological key approach to interpretation of the McCarron-Dial System, although cross-validation is indicated to confirm the stability of these results. Differences in sex, educational level and racial composition of the comparison groups may have affected the results obtained. Refinement of the key in future research and the addition of test instruments assessing memory, auditory processing, attention and emotional/behavioral variables are recommended.
Apparent mutational hotspots and long distance linkage disequilibrium resulting from a bottleneck

Genome wide patterns of nucleotide diversity and recombination reveal considerable variation including hotspots. Some studies suggest that these patterns are primarily dictated by individual locus history related at a broader scale to the population demographic history. Because bottlenecks have occurred in the history of numerous species, we undertook a simulation approach to investigate their impact on the patterns of aggregation of polymorphic sites and linkage disequilibrium (LD). We developed a new index (Polymorphism Aggregation Index) to characterize this aggregation and showed that variation in the density of polymorphic sites results from an interplay between the bottleneck scenario and the recombination rate. Under particular conditions, aggregation is maximized and apparent mutation hotspots resulting in a 50‐fold increase in polymorphic sites density can occur. In similar conditions, long distance LD can be detected.
Connectionism and psychological notions of similarity

Kitcher (1996) offers a critique of connectionism based on the belief that connectionist information processing relies inherently on metric similarity relations. Metric similarity measures are independent of the order of comparison (they are symmetrical) whereas human similarity judgments are asymmetrical. We answer this challenge by describing how connectionist systems naturally produce asymmetric similarity effects. Similarity is viewed as an implicit byproduct of information processing (in particular categorization) whereas the reporting of similarity judgments is a separate and explicit meta-cognitive process. The view of similarity as a process rather than the product of an explicit comparison is discussed in relation to the spatial, feature, and structural theories of similarity.
Hybrid ASP-based Approach to Pattern Mining

Abstract Detecting small sets of relevant patterns from a given data set is a central challenge in data mining. The relevance of a pattern is based on user-provided criteria; typically, all patterns that satisfy certain criteria are considered relevant. Rule-based languages like answer set programming (ASP) seem well suited for specifying such criteria in a form of constraints. Although progress has been made, on the one hand, on solving individual mining problems and, on the other hand, developing generic mining systems, the existing methods focus either on scalability or on generality. In this paper, we make steps toward combining local (frequency, size, and cost) and global (various condensed representations like maximal, closed, and skyline) constraints in a generic and efficient way. We present a hybrid approach for itemset, sequence, and graph mining which exploits dedicated highly optimized mining systems to detect frequent patterns and then filters the results using declarative ASP. To further demonstrate the generic nature of our hybrid framework, we apply it to a problem of approximately tiling a database. Experiments on real-world data sets show the effectiveness of the proposed method and computational gains for itemset, sequence, and graph mining, as well as approximate tiling. Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming.
Suleika and Hatem revisited: uncovering the material advantages of identifying as a male composer

ABSTRACT Persuasive arguments have been made for the existence of pedagogical discourses that invoke gender as a factor in the ascription of quality to musical compositions, and previous research has shown that some music teachers ascribe ‘maleness’ to the characteristics that they regard as markers of high quality. Drawing upon Lucy Green's theory of ‘inherent’ and ‘delineated’ meanings in music, the quasi-experimental study reported in this article sought to explore whether problematic and potentially discriminatory associations – specifically between ideas of maleness and the ascription of value – are made in the cultural context of UK secondary schools. This question was explored using a large sample of school-aged participants (n = 950), resulting in a large and statistically powerful data set. Univariate analysis of variance found that respondents were biased in a statistically significant way towards pieces presented as the work of a male composer. The implications of the study's findings for the wider education community are discussed.
Liver insulin-like growth factor 2 methylation in hepatitis C virus cirrhosis and further occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM To assess the predictive value of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) methylation profile for the occurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis C (HCV) cirrhosis. METHODS Patients with: (1) biopsy-proven compensated HCV cirrhosis; (2) available baseline frozen liver sample; (3) absence of detectable HCC; (4) regular screening for HCC; (5) informed consent for genetic analysis were studied. After DNA extraction from liver samples and bisulfite treatment, unbiased PCR and DHPLC analysis were performed for methylation analysis at the Igf2 locus. The predictive value of the Igf2 methylation profile for HCC was assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox methods. RESULTS Among 94 included patients, 20 developed an HCC during follow-up (6.9 +/- 3.2 years). The methylation profile was hypomethylated, intermediate and hypermethylated in 13, 64 and 17 cases, respectively. In univariate analysis, two baseline parameters were associated with the occurrence of HCC: age (P = 0.01) and prothrombin (P = 0.04). The test of linear tendency between the three ordered levels of Igf2 methylation and probability of HCC occurrence was significant (Log Rank, P = 0.043; Breslow, P = 0.037; Tarone-Ware, P = 0.039). CONCLUSION These results suggest that hypomethylation at the Igf2 locus in the liver could be predictive for HCC occurrence in HCV cirrhosis.
Developmental Outcome of Offspring of Pregestational Diabetic Mothers

The aim of this study was to investigate the one-year developmental outcome of offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM). We prospectively evaluated 31 women with PGDM (21 with type 1 DM and 10 with type 2 DM) and 41 nondiabetic controls during pregnancy and for one year follow-up. Data showed that offspring of mothers with PGDM scored lower than controls in all aspects of development--mental, psychomotor, and exploration/orientation. Despite the good metabolic control of the mothers with PGDM, their offpsring showed a less favorable developmental outcome at one year than infants of nondiabetic mothers. MDI score and PDI score were significantly lower in the diabetic group than in the controls (91.04 vs 98.15, p<0.05 and 85.15 vs 95.54, p<0.05, respectively). In addition, the orientation/engagement score was lower in the diabetic group as compared with the nondiabetic group (41.04 vs 45.50, p<0.05). Whereas no significant difference was found between the type 1 and type 2 groups with regard to the MDI score, type 2 infants scored lower on the PDI than infants in the type 1 group (78.1 vs 89.3) but higher on the motor quality score (34.0 vs 31.3). These preliminary findings support the need for ongoing large scale developmental follow-up studies of offspring born to diabetic mothers in order to elucidate whether they have cognitive impairment later in life.