Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigation of consumer acceptance of M-Banking in Australia

Mobile phone banking (M-Banking) adoption around the world has been slow, and this has been perpetuated by the limited research that has been undertaken in the area. To address this gap, the study developed a model of antecedents to consumers' intention to sue M-Banking using attitudinal theory as a framework. To test the model, a quantitative web-based survey was undertaken with 314 respondents. The findings show that perceived usefulness, compatibility, perceived risk, perceived cost and attitude are primary determinants of consumer acceptance of M-Banking in an Australian context, The research contributes to an enhanced understanding of the multiple antecedents beliefs to customer attitudes and usage intentions that must be considered when introducing technology into the service encounter.
Heterogeneities in the Returns to Degrees: Evidence from the British Cohort Study 1970

Estimates of a high average return to a degree for UK graduates have provided a policy rationale for increasing the share of the costs of higher education borne by UK students over recent decades. We use evidence from a cohort of people born in 1970 to estimate hourly wage returns to a university degree. We analyse the extent of variations around average returns, focussing on heterogeneity in returns by factors such as: gender, degree subject studied, degree class awarded, student ability measures and family background. Among other results, we find substantial evidence of heterogeneous returns to a first degree according to subject area of study and class of degree awarded.
A modified HEART risk score in chest pain patients with suspected non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome

Objective To validate a modified HEART [History, Electrocardiograph (ECG), Age, Risk factors and Troponin] risk score in chest pain patients with suspected non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) in the emergency department (ED). Methods This retrospective cohort study used a prospectively acquired database and chest pain patients admitted to the emergency department with suspected NSTE-ACS were enrolled. Data recorded on arrival at the ED were used. The serum sample of high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin I other than conventional cardiac Troponin I used in the HEART risk score was tested. The modified HEART risk score was calculated. The end point was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as a composite of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), percutaneous intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), or all-cause death, within three months after initial presentation. Results A total of 1,300 patients were enrolled. A total of 606 patients (46.6%) had a MACE within three months: 205 patients (15.8%) were diagnosed with AMI, 465 patients (35.8%) underwent PCI, and 119 patients (9.2%) underwent CABG. There were 10 (0.8%) deaths. A progressive, significant pattern of increasing event rate was observed as the score increased (P < 0.001 by χ2 for trend). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.84. All patients were classified into three groups: low risk (score 0–2), intermediate risk (score 3–4), and high risk (score 5–10). Event rates were 1.1%, 18.5%, and 67.0%, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusions The modified HEART risk score was validated in chest pain patients with suspected NSTE-ACS and may complement MACE risk assessment and patients triage in the ED. A prospective study of the score is warranted.
Adtributor: Revenue Debugging in Advertising Systems

Advertising (ad) revenue plays a vital role in supporting free websites. When the revenue dips or increases sharply, ad system operators must find and fix the root-cause if actionable, for example, by optimizing infrastructure performance. Such revenue debugging is analogous to diagnosis and root-cause analysis in the systems literature but is more general. Failure of infrastructure elements is only one potential cause; a host of other dimensions (e.g., advertiser, device type) can be sources of potential causes. Further, the problem is complicated by derived measures such as costs-per-click that are also tracked along with revenue. Our paper takes the first systematic look at revenue debugging. Using the concepts of explanatory power, succinctness, and surprise, we propose a new multi-dimensional root-cause algorithm for fundamental and derived measures of ad systems to identify the dimension mostly likely to blame. Further, we implement the attribution algorithm and a visualization interface in a tool called the Adtributor to help troubleshooters quickly identify potential causes. Based on several case studies on a very large ad system and extensive evaluation, we show that the Adtributor has an accuracy of over 95% and helps cut down troubleshooting time by an order of magnitude.
Chapter 4 Heuristics for User Interface Design in the Context of Cognitive Styles of Learning and Attention Deficit Disorder

Several companies and institutions now realize knowledge as an active relavant for the mar‐ ket organization differentiation. This scenario explains the need for systems that assist the user in the acquisition process and knowledge management. Intelligent systems, known as expert systems (ES) [19] serve to this purpose in the extent that they have signed as facilitators in this process. These are systems that are based on expert knowledge, on any subject, in order to em‐ ulate human expertise in the specific field. To obtain this knowledge, the knowledge engi‐ neers, also called software engineers, need to develop methodologies for intelligent systems. In this area there is still no unified methodology that provides effective methods, notations and tools to aid in development. Among the most used technologies we can mention: KADS [10], MIKE [2] and Protégé [8]. KADS is a structured way of developing these systems that pro‐ vides a special focus on the characteristics and problems of development of the SE. KADS uses the waterfall model as a basis to guide the development and adds refinement stages of use and knowledge [10]. Moreover, the MIKE methodology (Model-Based and Incremental Knowl‐ edge Engineering) makes use of formal specification and semi-formal techniques during the incremental development of the system. The phases of this model are four (Figure 1), being the first, knowledge acquisition, made in a cyclic manner between the subphases of task analysis, model construction and evolution. After the acquisition phase, the design, implementation and evolution are cyclical until the system is built.
Exhaled nitric oxide, nitrite/nitrate levels, allergy, rhinitis and asthma in the EGEA study

Although interest in biomarkers in the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway has recently increased, associations between nitrite (NO2−) and nitrate (NO3−), and asthma, allergic sensitisation and rhinitis remain unclear. The study aimed to evaluate the associations between NO2−/NO3− and exhaled fraction of nitric oxide (FeNO) levels with asthma, allergic sensitisation and rhinitis. Plasma and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) NO2−/NO3− and FeNO levels were measured in 523 adults of the French Epidemiological study on Genetics and Environment of Asthma. Allergic sensitisation was defined by a positive skin prick test for at least one aeroallergen. Subjects were classified as non-sensitised, sensitised and as having allergic rhinitis. Plasma NO2−/NO3− level was unrelated to any disease phenotypes. EBC NO2−/NO3− level was unrelated to any asthma phenotypes. EBC NO2−/NO3− and FeNO levels were correlated in sensitised subjects only (r=0.21±0.10, p=0.01). EBC NO2−/NO3− and FeNO levels were higher in sensitised than in non-sensitised subjects (adjusted geometric mean (95% CI): 2.36 (1.96–2.84) versus 1.72 (1.38–2.14) &mgr;mol per mg proteins, p=0.008; and 18.3 (16.7–20.0) versus 14.8 (13.3–16.5) ppb, p=0.0006, respectively), with gradual relationships from sensitised subjects to those with allergic rhinitis (p<0.0001). Results suggest that EBC NO2−/NO3− and FeNO levels may be considered as biological markers of intensity of allergic sensitisation and rhinitis. The EGEA study: exhaled nitrate/nitrite/NO levels may be considered markers for intensity of allergy and rhinitis http://ow.ly/uKbxh
Strategic advertisement with externalities: a new dynamic approach

We model and analyze strategic interaction over time in a duopolis-tic market. Each period the firms independently and simultaneously choose whether to advertise or not. Advertising increases the own immediate sales, but may also cause an externality, e.g., increase or decrease the immediate sales of the other firm ceteris paribus. There exists also an effect of past advertisement efforts on current sales. The 'market potential' of each firm is determined by its own but also by its opponent's past efforts. A higher effort of either firm leads to an increase of the market potential, however the impact of the own past efforts is always stronger than the impact of the opponent's past efforts. How much of the market potential materializes as immediate sales, then depends on the current advertisement decisions. We determine feasible rewards and (subgame perfect) equilibria for the limiting average reward criterion using methods inspired by the repeated-games literature. Uniqueness of equilibrium is by no means guaranteed, but Pareto efficiency may serve very well as a refinement criterion for wide ranges of the advertisement costs.
The Information Needs and Habits of Humanities Scholars.

The portrait of the humanities scholar that was drawn by Stone in 1982 included the characteristics of working alone, needing to browse collections, and adopting a variety of approaches to identifying material. A review of the 1983-1992 literature suggests that a more complete understanding is now possible of the information needs and uses, and of the information-seeking behavior, of this library clientele. A current portrait of the humanities scholar suggests that this client group is more diverse than previously assumed.
Explore the Power of External Data in Denoising Task

The goal of this paper is to explore the power of external data in the image denoising task, that is, to show that with taking advantage of an immense amount of information provided by external datasets, external denoising method should be more promising than internal denoising method which only extracts information from the input noisy image itself. In this paper, we present a simple external denoising method which combines Non Local Means (NLM) [Buades et al. 2005] with a randomized patch matching algorithm [Barnes et al. 2009] to denoise the input image (with an large enough external dataset) efficiently. Experimental results on a large set of images demonstrate that this external denoising method can outperform the according internal NLM and be competitive with the method [Mosseri et al. 2013] which properly combine the denoising results of both internal and external NLM. However, one drawback of the external denoising method is that compared with internal method, it is more vulnerable to noise overfitting problem. At the end of the paper, we also discuss a possible extension — applying adaptive patch size during denoising to reduce the overfitting problem and to make the external denoising method even more powerful.
Algorithms for sorting unsigned linear genomes by the DCJ operations

MOTIVATION The double cut and join operation (abbreviated as DCJ) has been extensively used for genomic rearrangement. Although the DCJ distance between signed genomes with both linear and circular (uni- and multi-) chromosomes is well studied, the only known result for the NP-complete unsigned DCJ distance problem is an approximation algorithm for unsigned linear unichromosomal genomes. In this article, we study the problem of computing the DCJ distance on two unsigned linear multichromosomal genomes (abbreviated as UDCJ). RESULTS We devise a 1.5-approximation algorithm for UDCJ by exploiting the distance formula for signed genomes. In addition, we show that UDCJ admits a weak kernel of size 2k and hence an FPT algorithm running in O(2(2k)n) time.
The Idea of Galicia: History and Fantasy in Habsburg Political Culture

Larry Wolff. The Idea of Galicia: History and Fantasy in Habsburg Political Culture. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010. xi, 486 pp. Illustrations. Index. $60.00, cloth.Larry Wolffs new book is about "how an imagined or invented entity, like Galicia in the eighteenth century, became geopolitically real, meaningful, and historical in the nineteenth century - before receding again into the domain of fantasy in the twentieth century" (p. 7). The Habsburg state came up with the idea of Galicia to justify taking part in the 1772 partition of Poland. Galicia was manufactured out of medieval claims of the Hungarian crown to the former Rus' principality of Galicia- Volhynia. There was some geographical congruence between the principality that disappeared in the late fourteenth century and the Austrian land that appeared in the late eighteenth, but the threads binding the two "Galicias" were very thin. Still, the invention began to take on a life of its own.After only twenty years of existence, Galicia figured as "the fatherland" in the conception of some Polish noblemen. By 1848 the Ruthenian (Ukrainian) clergy and intelligentsia wanted to partition Galicia into western (Polish) and eastern (Ruthenian) sections. Wolff feels that the contention over partition confirms that Galicia had become the political framework in which its inhabitants were then thinking. The reality of Galicia solidified even more after the land received autonomy within Austria in 1867. After the fall of the Habsburgs, Wolff shows, Galicia, as fantasy or apparition, haunted culture and politics for decades.What is attractive about this book, however, is less the particular ground it covers than the way it does so. The study is a highly intelligent, delightful read, as much a work of art as an investigation of history. It is skilfully paced - the intellectual history of Galicia moves forward in almost imperceptible increments from the 1770s into the 1920s. True, the major transitions are marked by chapter divisions, but there is a tremendous fluidity in the presentation and never does the reader feel rushed to the next historical station. Wolff often makes his points through examples from literature, music, and the visual arts, even film - he manages to make legitimate use, for example, oi Some Like It Hot. Crucial figures who explain Galicia to the reader include the great Polish playwright Alexander Fredro, Mozart's son Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Alfred Dob lin, Isaac Babel, and Bruno Szulc. Wolff quotes passages in his own elegant and sensitive translations. …
Government Debt, Government Spending, and Private Sector Behavior: Reply and Update

The preceding articles by Martin Feldstein and Douglas Elmendorf and by Franco Modigliani and Arlhe Sterling give us a welcome opportunity to return to the effects of fiscal policy on private consumption. At stake in this debate, we believe, is a potential paradigm change-from what Kormendi (1983) termed the Standard Approach, which bases private consumption on disposable personal income, to what he termed the Consolidated Approach, which bases consumption on aggregate income, government spending, and transfer payments, each with separate effects. The Standard Approach excludes Ricardian equivalence a priori. The Consolidated Approach not only incorporates Ricardian equivalence but, in its augmented form, allows one to nest the various hypotheses associated with the two approaches. Feldstein and Elmendorf argue that Kormendi's (1983) results (and implicitly those of Kormendi and Meguire, 1986), which reject the Standard Approach in favor of the Consolidated/Ricardian alternative, are not robust to the exclusion of data from World War II and other specification changes. Modigliani and Sterling argue that accounting for "temporary taxes" reverses our rebuttal of their 1986 comment. We first take up the challenge of Feldstein and Elmendorf before turning to Modigliani and Sterling. We then assess the validity of our preference for estimating in differences, by testing whether consumption, income, and the fiscal variables are cointegrated. Finally, we summarize what can be learned from the debate. I. Feldstein and Elmendorf
Top Incomes In Korea, 1933-2010: Evidence From Income Tax Statistics

This paper constructs the long-term series of top income shares in Korea using income tax statistics. Top income shares dropped sharply after WWII, remained low during industrialization periods, and has ascended since the mid-1990s. We suggest that the fall in the top income shares after WWII can be explained by the economic collapse and political disruption after liberation. The rising income concentration in the last 15 years could be attributable to the drastic shift in industrial structure and the institutional factors such as the reduction in the marginal tax rate and the post-crisis changes in the corporate governance system.
On describing relationships.

Summary (1) The study of inter-individual relationships requires a descriptive basis. Description, however, must be guided with respect to the ultimate goals of the investigator-understanding the dynamics of relationships, prognosis, specification of necessary conditions, etc.(2) The nature of inter-individual relationships, how they can be described, and the nature of their stability, are discussed briefly. (3) The following aspects of relationships are discussed: (i) Content of the component interactions; (ii) Diversity of interactions; (iii) Reciprocity vs Complementarity: Control and Power; (iv) Qualities of component interactions; (v) Relative frequency and patterning of interactions; (vi) Multidimensional qualities; (vii) Cognitive and moral levels: Levels of perspective; (viii) Penetration.
TRAFFIC MODEL FOR LAYERED VIDEO : AN APPROACH ON MARKOVIAN ARRIVAL PROCESS

Video transmission usually has stringent requirements on the network bandwidth, packet loss rate and the experienced delay. To better study the impact of layered video traffic on the network performance, accurate and tractable traffic model for layered video source is important. In this paper we propose a traffic model for scalable video encoded in multiple layers. The model is based on Markovian arrival process with marked transitions. The states of the Markovian arrival process are derived from the correlation feature found in the video data. The base layer and enhancement layer video frame size pairs are classified by cluster detection algorithm. Each cluster corresponds to one state of the underlying Markov chain of the video traffic arrival process. The joint base and enhancement layer video frame size distribution for each state of the Markov chain is approximated by multivariate normal distribution. Simulation study shows that the proposed traffic model can predict the network performance with high accuracy.
Aging, myopia and the pay-as-you-go public pension systems of the G7: a bright future?

The public pension systems of the G7 countries were established in an era when the number of contributors far outweighed the number of beneficiaries. Now, for each beneficiary there are fewer contributors, and this trend is projected to accelerate. To evaluate the prospects for these economies we develop an overlapping generations model where growth is endogenously fueled by investments in physical and human capital. We analyze individuals' behavior when their expectations over their length of life are rational or myopic and examine whether policies exist that can offset the effects of aging, should they be adverse. We find that while perfectly anticipated aging is welfare improving and does not threaten the solvency of public pension systems, myopia worsens welfare, puts pension systems at risk, and cannot be easily remedied by public policy.
Platelet Function Determined by Flow Cytometry: New Perspectives?

Abstract Flow cytometry enables studies of several different aspects of platelet function in response to a variety of platelet agonists. This can be done using only a small volume of whole blood, and also in blood with low platelet counts. These properties, together with the increasing number of flow cytometers available in hospitals worldwide, make flow cytometry an interesting option for laboratories interested in studies of platelet function in different clinical settings. This review focuses on practical issues regarding the use of flow cytometry for platelet function testing. It provides an overview of available activation markers, platelet agonists, and experimental setup issues. The review summarizes previous experience and factors important to consider to perform high-quality platelet function testing by flow cytometry. It also discusses its current use and possibilities and challenges for future use of flow cytometry in clinical settings.
The Rts1 Regulatory Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2A Is Required for Control of G1 Cyclin Transcription and Nutrient Modulation of Cell Size

The key molecular event that marks entry into the cell cycle is transcription of G1 cyclins, which bind and activate cyclin-dependent kinases. In yeast cells, initiation of G1 cyclin transcription is linked to achievement of a critical cell size, which contributes to cell-size homeostasis. The critical cell size is modulated by nutrients, such that cells growing in poor nutrients are smaller than cells growing in rich nutrients. Nutrient modulation of cell size does not work through known critical regulators of G1 cyclin transcription and is therefore thought to work through a distinct pathway. Here, we report that Rts1, a highly conserved regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is required for normal control of G1 cyclin transcription. Loss of Rts1 caused delayed initiation of bud growth and delayed and reduced accumulation of G1 cyclins. Expression of the G1 cyclin CLN2 from an inducible promoter rescued the delayed bud growth in rts1Δ cells, indicating that Rts1 acts at the level of transcription. Moreover, loss of Rts1 caused altered regulation of Swi6, a key component of the SBF transcription factor that controls G1 cyclin transcription. Epistasis analysis revealed that Rts1 does not work solely through several known critical upstream regulators of G1 cyclin transcription. Cells lacking Rts1 failed to undergo nutrient modulation of cell size. Together, these observations demonstrate that Rts1 is a key player in pathways that link nutrient availability, cell size, and G1 cyclin transcription. Since Rts1 is highly conserved, it may function in similar pathways in vertebrates.
A recursive divide-and-conquer approach for sparse principal component analysis

In this paper, a new method is proposed for sparse PCA based on the recursive divide-and-conquer methodology. The main idea is to separate the original sparse PCA problem into a series of much simpler sub-problems, each having a closed-form solution. By recursively solving these sub-problems in an analytical way, an ecient algorithm is constructed to solve the sparse PCA problem. The algorithm only involves simple computations and is thus easy to implement. The proposed method can also be very easily extended to other sparse PCA problems with certain constraints, such as the nonnegative sparse PCA problem. Furthermore, we have shown that the proposed algorithm converges to a stationary point of the problem, and its computational complexity is approximately linear in both data size and dimensionality. The eectiveness of the proposed method is substantiated by extensive experiments implemented on a series of synthetic and real data in both reconstruction-error-minimization and data-variance-maximization viewpoints.