Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HEMATOPOIESIS AND STEM CELLS In vivo time-lapse imaging shows diverse niche engagement by quiescent and naturally activated hematopoietic stem cells

• Normally, engrafting HSCs reside and oscillate within confined bone marrow niches. • HSCs harvested from mice bearing acute infection are migratory and interact with larger niches. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain the turnover of mature blood cells during steady state and in response to systemic perturbations such as infections. Their function critically depends on complex signal exchanges with the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in which they reside, but the cellular mechanisms involved in HSC-niche interactions and regulatingHSC function in vivo remain elusive.Weusedanaturalmouse parasite,Trichinella spiralis, andmultipoint intravital time-lapse confocalmicroscopy of mouse calvarium BM to test whether HSC-niche interactions may change when hematopoiesis is perturbed. We find that steady-state HSCs stably engage confined niches in the BM whereas HSCs harvested during acute infection are motile and therefore interact with larger niches. These changes are accompanied by increased long-term repopulation ability and expression of CD44 and CXCR4. Administration of a CXCR4 antagonist affects the duration of HSC-niche interactions. These findings suggest that HSC-niche interactions may be modulated during infection. (Blood. 2014; 124(1):79-83)
Difference and choice: exploring prenatal testing and the use of genetic information with people with learning difficulties

Summary Developments in genetics have huge implications for disabled people (including people with learning difficulties) and their families. On the positive side, there is the potential for greater understanding of – and ultimately, perhaps, treatments for – serious conditions like cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anaemia, but there are also concerns about the negative implications, including the potential for discrimination in insurance, employment and even life itself. Yet, the voices of those most affected by these developments – people with learning difficulties and their families, and disabled people generally – have been conspicuously absent from these debates. The present article describes two workshops that explained the use of prenatal testing and genetic information to inform choices in pregnancy to people with learning difficulties, and then explored the issues with them and the contribution subsequently made by these people to a national conference on this subject. Methods for explaining the complex issues involved in an accessible way and exploring them in a supportive environment are described along with the views of people with learning difficulties on these issues.
Type D Personality, Psychological Distress and Quality of Life in MI patients

Objective: Studies have shown that certain personality types (distressed personality-Type D) and Psychological Distress (anxiety/depression) is associated with Myocardial Infarction (MI) and has etiological and prognostic implications. Substantial research evidence has also suggested that Type D personality is significant predictor of post MI anxiety, depression and impaired quality of life. The present study was conducted for the first time in Pakistan to assess type D personality and its association with the level of anxiety, depression and Quality of life in patients after Myocardial Infarction (MI). Methods: In the present cross- sectional study, 100(54 males, 46females) first time diagnosed (3 weeks - 12 weeks) patients of Myocardial Infarction (WHO criteria) were selected. Socio-demographic details and medical histories were recorded. Type D personality was assessed with translated version (Urdu) of Distress Scale (DS-14). Psychological Distress in terms of Anxiety and Depression was measured with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) while Quality of Life was assessed with WHO quality of Life scale (WHOQOL-BREF). Results: The data analysis revealed that 59% of MI patients were identified as having Type D personality traits (27 Males, 32 Females). Significant symptoms of depression (43%) and anxiety (46%) were exhibited by these patients. Type D personality was identified as significant predictor of Quality of life [OR: 1.06; 95% CI (1.02 - 1.11), p<. 001], Depression [OR: 1.11; 95% CI (1.06 - 1.16), p<. 001] and Anxiety [OR: 1.09; 95% CI (1.04 - 1.14), p<. 001], after adjusting for demographic variables. Conclusion: It was concluded that significant levels of Type D personality characteristics, symptoms of anxiety and depression were exhibited by MI patients and Type D was independent predictor of depression, anxiety and impaired Quality of life in these patients. The present research highlighted the importance of Type D personality in research on MI as a determinant of adverse health outcomes. It further emphasized the need for psychological assessment of these patients along with medical treatment to improve their quality of life and rehabilitation.
CROWDSOURCING A WORD–EMOTION ASSOCIATION LEXICON

Even though considerable attention has been given to the polarity of words (positive and negative) and the creation of large polarity lexicons, research in emotion analysis has had to rely on limited and small emotion lexicons. In this paper, we show how the combined strength and wisdom of the crowds can be used to generate a large, high‐quality, word–emotion and word–polarity association lexicon quickly and inexpensively. We enumerate the challenges in emotion annotation in a crowdsourcing scenario and propose solutions to address them. Most notably, in addition to questions about emotions associated with terms, we show how the inclusion of a word choice question can discourage malicious data entry, help to identify instances where the annotator may not be familiar with the target term (allowing us to reject such annotations), and help to obtain annotations at sense level (rather than at word level). We conducted experiments on how to formulate the emotion‐annotation questions, and show that asking if a term is associated with an emotion leads to markedly higher interannotator agreement than that obtained by asking if a term evokes an emotion.
Aerosol Generating Procedures and Risk of Transmission of Acute Respiratory Infections to Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review

Aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) may expose health care workers (HCWs) to pathogens causing acute respiratory infections (ARIs), but the risk of transmission of ARIs from AGPs is not fully known. We sought to determine the clinical evidence for the risk of transmission of ARIs to HCWs caring for patients undergoing AGPs compared with the risk of transmission to HCWs caring for patients not undergoing AGPs. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, University of York CRD databases, EuroScan, LILACS, Indian Medlars, Index Medicus for SE Asia, international health technology agencies and the Internet in all languages for articles from 01/01/1990 to 22/10/2010. Independent reviewers screened abstracts using pre-defined criteria, obtained full-text articles, selected relevant studies, and abstracted data. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The outcome of interest was risk of ARI transmission. The quality of evidence was rated using the GRADE system. We identified 5 case-control and 5 retrospective cohort studies which evaluated transmission of SARS to HCWs. Procedures reported to present an increased risk of transmission included [n; pooled OR(95%CI)] tracheal intubation [n = 4 cohort; 6.6 (2.3, 18.9), and n = 4 case-control; 6.6 (4.1, 10.6)], non-invasive ventilation [n = 2 cohort; OR 3.1(1.4, 6.8)], tracheotomy [n = 1 case-control; 4.2 (1.5, 11.5)] and manual ventilation before intubation [n = 1 cohort; OR 2.8 (1.3, 6.4)]. Other intubation associated procedures, endotracheal aspiration, suction of body fluids, bronchoscopy, nebulizer treatment, administration of O2, high flow O2, manipulation of O2 mask or BiPAP mask, defibrillation, chest compressions, insertion of nasogastric tube, and collection of sputum were not significant. Our findings suggest that some procedures potentially capable of generating aerosols have been associated with increased risk of SARS transmission to HCWs or were a risk factor for transmission, with the most consistent association across multiple studies identified with tracheal intubation.
Crystal Structure of Albaflavenone Monooxygenase Containing a Moonlighting Terpene Synthase Active Site*

Albaflavenone synthase (CYP170A1) is a monooxygenase catalyzing the final two steps in the biosynthesis of this antibiotic in the soil bacterium, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Interestingly, CYP170A1 shows no stereo selection forming equal amounts of two albaflavenol epimers, each of which is oxidized in turn to albaflavenone. To explore the structural basis of the reaction mechanism, we have studied the crystal structures of both ligand-free CYP170A1 (2.6 Å) and complex of endogenous substrate (epi-isozizaene) with CYP170A1 (3.3 Å). The structure of the complex suggests that the proximal epi-isozizaene molecules may bind to the heme iron in two orientations. In addition, much to our surprise, we have found that albaflavenone synthase also has a second, completely distinct catalytic activity corresponding to the synthesis of farnesene isomers from farnesyl diphosphate. Within the cytochrome P450 α-helical domain both the primary sequence and x-ray structure indicate the presence of a novel terpene synthase active site that is moonlighting on the P450 structure. This includes signature sequences for divalent cation binding and an α-helical barrel. This barrel is unusual because it consists of only four helices rather than six found in all other terpene synthases. Mutagenesis establishes that this barrel is essential for the terpene synthase activity of CYP170A1 but not for the monooxygenase activity. This is the first bifunctional P450 discovered to have another active site moonlighting on it and the first time a terpene synthase active site is found moonlighting on another protein.
THE UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF [3H]DOPAMINE IN THE GOLDFISH RETINA

Abstract— The uptake and release of [3H]dopamine was studied in the goldfish retina with the following results: (1) when goldfish retinas were incubated with 2 ± 10‐7m‐[3H]dopamine for less than 20min and processed for autoradiography. most of the label was associated with dopaminergic terminals that contact certain horizontal cells. Biochemical analysis showed that > 93% of this label was [3H]‐dopamine. (2) [3H]dopamine uptake saturated with increasing dopamine concentration and followed Michaelis‐Menten kinetics. This uptake could be explained by a single ‘high‐affinity’ mechanism with a Km of 2.61 ± 0.41 ± 10‐7m and a Vmax of 66 ± 12 ± 10‐12 mol/min/mg protein. (3) [3H]dopamine uptake was temperature‐dependent with a temperature coefficient of 1.7 and an energy of activation of 11.4 kcal/mol. (4) The initial rate of uptake was unaffected by the absence of Ca2+ or the presence of Co2+; however, more than 85, uptake was blocked in the absence of external Na+. (5) Neither 1 mm‐cyanide nor 5 mm‐iodoacetate blocked more than 30% of uptake individually; however, in combination > 70% of uptake was blocked. (6) Centrally acting drugs benztropine and diphenylpyraline inhibited at least 60–70% of [3H]dopamine uptake. (7) [3H]dopamine in the retina could be released by increasing the external K+ concentration. This release was Ca2+ ‐dependent and was blocked by 10mm‐Co2+ or 2Omm‐Mg2+. The amount of [3H]dopamine released was not affected by the presence of benztropine, diphenylpyraline or fluphenazine in the incubation medium. These studies add further support for dopamine as a neurotransmitter used by interplexiform cells of the goldfish retina.
Automatic cell phone recognition from speech recordings

Recording device recognition is an important research field of digital audio forensic. In this paper, we utilize Gaussian mixture model-universal background model (GMM-UBM) as the classifier to form a recording device recognition system. We examine the performance of Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and Power-normalized cepstral coefficients (PNCCs) to this problem. Experiments conducted on recordings come from 14 cell phones show that MFCCs are more effective than PNCCs in cell phone recognition. We find that the identification performance can be improved by stacking MFCCs and energy feature. We also investigate the effect of speaker mismatch and de-noising processing for acoustic feature to this problem. The highest identification accuracy achieved here is 97.71%.
INCENTIVE SYSTEMS: A THEORY OF ORGANIZATIONS

Organizations distribute incentives to individuals in order to induce them to contribute activity. Aspects of organizational behavior and change are explained by exploring the differing consequences of different incentive systems. Three types of organizations are distinguished on the basis of three kinds of incentives: material, solidary, and purposive. Hypotheses are presented about the characteristic behavior of these types, and the correspondence between the types and certain actual organizations is shown. Changes in organizational activities and purposes are predicted by assuming that the executive's function is to perpetuate his group, and by assuming that he alters incentives to adapt to changes in the supplies of incentive-yielding resources. Co-operation, conflict, and other relationships among organizations are explained in terms of competition for autonomy and resources. It is suggested that gradual changes of personal motives within a society have predictable consequences for the character of organizations. Peter B. Clark is assistant professor of political science, Yale University; James Q. Wilson is assistant professor of political science, University of Chicago.
Viewpoint: Measuring and Understanding Subjective Well-Being

Increasing attention is being paid in academic, policy, and public arenas to subjective measures of well-being. This promising trend represents a shift towards mea- suring positive outcomes in psychology and greater realism in the study of economic behaviour. We describe the main measures of subjective well-being (SWB) and provide ex- amples of policy-relevant research findings, including new accountings of the differences in individual-level SWB assessments around the world and across Canada. These suggest a consistent pattern of life circumstances linked to SWB and highlight the importance of social factors whose role has otherwise been hard to quantify in income-equivalent terms.
On Cross-Spectral Stereo Matching using Dense Gradient Features

Here we address the problem of scene depth recovery within cross-spectral stereo imagery (each image sensed over a differing spectral range). We compare several robust matching techniques which are able to capture local similarities between the structure of cross-spectral images and a range of stereo optimisation techniques for the computation of valid dense depth estimates for this case. As the performance of standard optical camera systems can be severely affected by environmental conditions the use of combined sensing systems operating in differing parts of the electromagnetic spectrum is increasingly common [5]. As a result, an attractive solution is the combination of both optical and thermal images in many sensing and surveillance scenarios as the complementary nature of both modalities can be exploited and the individual drawbacks largely compensated. Despite the inherent stereo setup of this common two sensor deployment, in practical scenarios it is rarely exploited. Here, we specifically deal with the recovery of dense depth information from thermal (far infrared spectrum) and optical (visible spectrum) image pairs where large differences in the characteristics of image pairs make this task significantly more challenging than the common stereo case (Figure 1A).
Perceptions of neutrality through a post-colonial lens: institutional positioning in Canadian academic development

The question of whether neutrality is possible in academic development invites us to explore the particular place of academic development in our institutions and how academic development is positioned in our particular national and institutional environments. This paper, which reports on a small pilot study of how Canadian academic development is positioned institutionally, will use post-colonial metaphors of development to demonstrate the impossibility of neutrality in academic development work. It will also explore how academic developers might move forward in a decolonizing manner that acknowledges our non-neutrality, respecting the expertise and experience of our disciplinary colleagues, while at the same time ensuring a collaborative teaching and learning environment.
The Interactive Effect of Leader-Member Exchange and Political Skill on Subjective Career Success

Whereas previous research has examined the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) and objective measures of career success, it is likely that LMX is also an important predictor of subjective career success. Additionally, because of the political nature of an individual's career progression, it has been argued that one's personal style and resulting impressions are positively related to subjective career success. A sample of 295 retail workers was surveyed, and the results indicated that individuals in low-quality leader-member exchange experienced higher perceptions of subjective career success when they possess high levels of political skill.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the membrane skeleton at the plasma membrane interface by electron tomography

Three-dimensional images of the undercoat structure on the cytoplasmic surface of the upper cell membrane of normal rat kidney fibroblast (NRK) cells and fetal rat skin keratinocytes were reconstructed by electron tomography, with 0.85-nm–thick consecutive sections made ∼100 nm from the cytoplasmic surface using rapidly frozen, deeply etched, platinum-replicated plasma membranes. The membrane skeleton (MSK) primarily consists of actin filaments and associated proteins. The MSK covers the entire cytoplasmic surface and is closely linked to clathrin-coated pits and caveolae. The actin filaments that are closely apposed to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane (within 10.2 nm) are likely to form the boundaries of the membrane compartments responsible for the temporary confinement of membrane molecules, thus partitioning the plasma membrane with regard to their lateral diffusion. The distribution of the MSK mesh size as determined by electron tomography and that of the compartment size as determined from high speed single-particle tracking of phospholipid diffusion agree well in both cell types, supporting the MSK fence and MSK-anchored protein picket models.
Curricula for the teaching of complete dentures in Spanish and Portuguese dental schools

Objectives: Given the need to ensure that dentists are sufficiently skilled to offer the best possible care to their patients, this study aims to evaluate the teaching methods and clinical experience achieved by undergraduate dental students in Spain and Portugal as regards complete dentures. Study design: In February 2011, a questionnaire seeking information about the preclinical and clinical teaching of complete dentures was e-mailed to all Spanish and Portuguese dental schools with fully developed undergraduate degree dental programs. Results: A response rate of 82.6% was obtained. The distribution of lectures and hours spent at the laboratory and in clinical activities revealed that teaching complete dentures is eminently a practical issue, this being mostly performed by full-time prosthodontists. All surveyed schools teach the design of the record base, and most of them instruct students in the mounting of teeth in wax. Most schools (94.7%) used a semiadjustable articulator, alginate for primary impressions (73.7%) and elastomeric materials in border-molded custom trays for final impressions (68.4%). In most schools, within the clinical setting students work in pairs, the mean student/ professional staff member ratio being 2.3 ± 0.7. Most schools perform a competence-based assessment (83.3%), although innovative techniques such as problem-based learning are still rarely applied. On average, the students emplaced 1.8 ± 1.2 complete dentures during their clinical training, ranging from 0 to 4, although no clear trend was seen as regards the minimum number of dentures to be made for graduating. Conclusions: Variations in teaching programs and clinical experience concerning complete denture curricula among Spanish and Portuguese dental schools are evident, but all the schools base their teaching mainly on preclinical and clinical practice. However, the low number of dentures made by student per year seems insufficient to ensure clinical skills and cope with social needs. Key words:Dental education, questionnaires, complete dentures, curricula.
Antimicrobial Heteroresistance: an Emerging Field in Need of Clarity

SUMMARY “Heteroresistance” describes a phenomenon where subpopulations of seemingly isogenic bacteria exhibit a range of susceptibilities to a particular antibiotic. Unfortunately, a lack of standard methods to determine heteroresistance has led to inappropriate use of this term. Heteroresistance has been recognized since at least 1947 and occurs in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Its clinical relevance may be considerable, since more resistant subpopulations may be selected during antimicrobial therapy. However, the use of nonstandard methods to define heteroresistance, which are costly and involve considerable labor and resources, precludes evaluating the clinical magnitude and severity of this phenomenon. We review the available literature on antibiotic heteroresistance and propose recommendations for definitions and determination criteria for heteroresistant bacteria. This will help in assessing the global clinical impact of heteroresistance and developing uniform guidelines for improved therapeutic outcomes.
Enabling layer 2 pathlet tracing through context encoding in software-defined networking

Troubleshooting Software-Defined Networks requires a structured approach to detect mistranslations between high-level intent (policy) and low-level forwarding behavior, and a flexible on-demand packet tracing tool is highly desirable on the data plane. In this paper, we introduce a Layer 2 path tracing utility named PathletTracer. PathletTracer offers an interface for users to specify multiple Layer 2 paths to inspect. Based on the Layer 2 paths of interests, PathletTracer then accounts paths with identifiable IDs, and installs a set of flow table entries into switches to imprint path IDs on the packets going through. PathletTracer re-uses some fields in packet headers such as the ToS octet for recording path IDs. To efficiently carry imprints using limited bits, PathletTracer uses an encoding algorithm motivated by the calling context encoding scheme in the software engineering domain. With k bits for encoding, PathletTracer is able to trace more than 2k paths simultaneously.