Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feedstock Diffusion and Decomposition in Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays

Feedstock diffusion and decomposition in the root growth of aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays is discussed. A non-dimensional modulus is proposed to differentiate catalyst-poisoning controlled growth deceleration from one which is diffusion controlled. It is found that, at current stage, aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) arrays are usually free of feedstock diffusion resistance. However, for single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) arrays, since the inter-tube distance is much smaller than the mean free path of carbon source (ethanol here), high diffusion resistance is significantly limiting the growth rate. The method presented here is also able to predict the critical lengths in different chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes from which CNT arrays begin to meet this diffusion limit, as well as the possible solutions to this diffusion caused growth deceleration. The diffusion of carbon source inside of an array becomes more important when we found ethanol undergoes severe thermal decomposition at the reaction temperature. This means, in a typical alochol CVD, hydrocarbons and radicals decomposed from ethanol may collide and react with the outer walls of SWNTs before reaching catalyst particles. We found when flow rate is low and ethanol is thoroughly decomposed, the produced SWNTs contain more soot structures than the SWNTs obtained at higher ethanol flow rate. Understanding the mass transport and reaction inside a SWNT array is helpful to synthesize longer and cleaner SWNTs.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Black Carbon Exposures, Blood Pressure, and Interactions with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in MicroRNA Processing Genes

Background Black carbon (BC) is a marker of traffic pollution that has been associated with blood pressure (BP), but findings have been inconsistent. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as key regulators of gene expression, but whether polymorphisms in genes involved in processing of miRNAs to maturity influence susceptibility to BC has not been elucidated. Objectives We investigated the association between BC and BP, as well as potential effect modification by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA processing genes. Methods Repeated measures analyses were performed using data from the VA Normative Aging Study. Complete covariate data were available for 789 participants with one to six study visits between 1995 and 2008. In models of systolic and diastolic BP, we examined SNP-by-BC interactions with 19 miRNA-related variants under recessive models of inheritance. Mixed-effects models were adjusted for potential confounders including clinical characteristics, lifestyle, and meteorologic factors. Results A 1-SD increase in BC (0.415 μg/m3) was associated with 3.04 mmHg higher systolic (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.29–3.79) and 2.28 mmHg higher diastolic BP (95% CI, 1.88–2.67). Interactions modifying BC associations were observed with SNPs in the DICER, GEMIN4, and DiGeorge critical region-8 (DGCR8) genes, and in GEMIN3 and GEMIN4, predicting diastolic and systolic BP, respectively. Conclusions We observed evidence of effect modification of the association between BP and 7-day BC moving averages by SNPs associated with miRNA processing. Although the mechanisms underlying these associations are not well understood, they suggest a role for miRNA genesis and processing in influencing BC effects.
Enhancing ERP system's functionality with discrete event simulation

Purpose – To develop a methodology to augment enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems with the discrete event simulation's inherent ability to handle the uncertainties.Design/methodology/approach – The ERP system still contains and uses the material requirements planning (MRP) logic as its central planning function. As a result, the ERP system inherits a number of shortcomings associated with the MRP system, including unrealistic lead‐time determination. The developed methodology employs bi‐directional feedback between the non‐stochastic ERP system and the discrete event simulation model until a set of converged lead times is determined.Findings – An example of determining realistic production lead‐time data in the ERP system is presented to illustrate how such a marriage can be achieved.Research limitations/implications – The research demonstrates that the limited planning functionality of the ERP system can be complemented by external system such as discrete event simulation models. The specific step.
The Good, the Bad, and the Angry: Analyzing Crowdsourced Impressions of Vloggers

We address the study of interpersonal perception in social conversational video based on multifaceted impressions collected from short video-watching. First, we crowdsourced the annotation of personality, attractiveness, and mood impressions for a dataset of YouTube vloggers, generating a corpora that has potential to develop automatic techniques for vlogger characterization. Then, we provide an analysis of the crowdsourced annotations focusing on the level of agreement among annotators, as well as the interplay between different impressions. Overall, this work provides interesting new insights on vlogger impressions and the use of crowdsourcing to collect behavioral annotations from multimodal data.
Empirical Analysis of EEG and ERPs for Psychophysiological Adaptive Task Allocation

The present study was designedto test the efficacy of using Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) for making task allocation decisions. Thirty-six participants were randomly assigned to an experimental, yoked, or control group condition. Under the experimental condition, a compensatory tracking task was switched between manual and automatic task modes based upon the participant's EEG. ERPs were also gathered to an auditory, oddball task. Participants in the yoked condition performed the same tasks under the exact sequence of task allocations that participants in the experimental group experienced. The control condition consisted of a random sequence of task allocations that was representative of each participant in the experimental group condition. Therefore, the design allowed a test of whether the performance and workload benefits seen in previous studies using the biocybernetic system were due to adaptive aiding or merely to the increase in task mode allocations. The results showed that the use of adaptive aiding improved performance and lowered subjective workload under negative feedback as predicted. Additionally, participants in the adaptive group had significantly lower tracking error scores and NASA-TLX ratings than participants in either the yoked or control group conditions. Furthermore, the amplitudes of the N 1 and P3 ERP components were significantly larger underthe experimental group condition than under either the yoked or control group conditions. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for adaptive automation design.
A Computational Cognitive Model for Simulating Heuristics Retrieval in Human Problem Solving

This paper focuses on heuristics retrieval in human problem solvingby combining computational cognitive modeling and neuro imaging. An event-related fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) experiment was conducted on a simplified Sudoku puzzle problem solving and an ACT-R (Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational) cognitive model was developed to simulate the information processing processes of heuristics retrieval to solve the problems. We assume that when participants retrieve heuristics, they may conform to a principle of maximizing the information effectiveness and minimizing the cognitive cost. Based on the assumption, the model was built to predict both behavioral performance and neurophysiologic activities. Compared ACT-R predictions with fMRI results, the difference on response time is 0.287 and the average correlation of BOLD (Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent) response between them is about 0.95. The high fitness supports our assumption. This study shows that heuristics retrieving in human problem solving is an optimizing process in which appropriate information is selected actively through visual selective attention based on goal-oriented to minimize the cost of time and energy. It may shed light on developing a new heuristic search model based on cognition for Web intelligence.
Mild Illness Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection: Lessons from a Prospective Seroepidemiologic Study of Health-Care Workers in a Teaching Hospital in Singapore

Background. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly recognized infectious disease that has recently emerged in East Asia and North America. Although the clinical features of acute infection have been well described, mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic infections have not been well characterized. Objective. To assess the spectrum of illness in health-care workers (HCWs). Methods. A prospective seroepidemiologic cohort study was conducted on 372 HCWs in a large teaching hospital in Singapore who were both exposed and not exposed to patients with SARS. Participating HCWs completed a questionnaire and provided paired serum samples, which were analyzed by 2 different laboratories blinded to clinical data, by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a protocol developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and a dot-blot immunoassay, with confirmation by a viral neutralization assay. Results. A total of 21 patients with SARS were treated at our hospital. They were associated with transmission to 14 staff members, patients, and visitors in our hospital. Of the 372 HCWs participating in the present study, 8 were found to have positive antibodies to the SARS coronavirus in both samples by use of both test methods, and 6 had pneumonia and had been hospitalized for either probable or suspected SARS infection, whereas 2 had fever but did not have changes on chest radiographs. All seropositive HCWs had been exposed either directly or indirectly to patients with SARS. No asymptomatic, nonexposed staff members were found to be seropositive. There was a trend towards protection for HCWs who, while fully protected, had had contact with patients with SARS. Conclusions. Although the majority of cases of SARS are associated with pneumonia, a small number of mildly symptomatic individuals do seroconvert. HCWs who are exposed to patients with SARS can be infected with SARS, regardless of the intensity of exposure. This has implications for surveillance and infection control planning, in the event that SARS returns next winter.
The Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Chickpeas and Hummus

The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans advocate for increasing vegetable intake and replacing energy-dense foods with those that are nutrient-dense. Most Americans do not eat enough vegetables, and particularly legumes, each day, despite their well-established benefits for health. Traditional hummus is a nutrient-dense dip or spread made from cooked, mashed chickpeas, blended with tahini, olive oil, lemon juice, and spices. Consumers of chickpeas and/or hummus have been shown to have higher nutrient intakes of dietary fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, folate, magnesium, potassium, and iron as compared to non-consumers. Hummus consumers have also been shown to have higher Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI-2005) scores. This may be, in part, due to hummus’ higher Naturally Nutrient Rich (NNR) score as compared to other dips and spreads. Emerging research suggests that chickpeas and hummus may play a beneficial role in weight management and glucose and insulin regulation, as well as have a positive impact on some markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Raw or cooked chickpeas and hummus also contain dietary bioactives such as phytic acid, sterols, tannins, carotenoids, and other polyphenols such as isoflavones, whose benefits may extend beyond basic nutrition requirements of humans. With chickpeas as its primary ingredient, hummus—and especially when paired with vegetables and/or whole grains—is a nutritious way for Americans to obtain their recommended servings of legumes. This manuscript reviews the nutritional value and health benefits of chickpeas and hummus and explores how these foods may help improve the nutrient profiles of meals.
Market Closure and the Liquidity Premium Puzzle

In contrast to empirical evidence, standard theories conclude that transaction costs only have a second order effect on liquidity premia. In this paper, we show that if one incorporates the well-established fact that market volatility during trading periods is significantly higher than during nontrading periods, then transaction costs have a first order effect that is much greater than that found by the existing theoretical literature and largely comparable to empirical findings. Different from the existing literature, the main source of the greater liquidity premium in our model is not higher transaction cost payment, but the substantially "suboptimal" trading strategy caused by market closure. We show that our main results hold in a similar discrete time model and in a multiple stock setting. Extensive empirical analysis strongly supports our unique prediction that stocks with greater return variance variations across trading and nontrading periods require higher liquidity premia.
Tumor Infiltration in Enhancing and Non-Enhancing Parts of Glioblastoma: A Correlation with Histopathology

Purpose To correlate histopathologic findings from biopsy specimens with their corresponding location within enhancing areas, non-enhancing areas and necrotic areas on contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI scans (cT1). Materials and Methods In 37 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma who underwent stereotactic biopsy, we obtained a correlation of 561 1mm3 biopsy specimens with their corresponding position on the intraoperative cT1 image at 1.5 Tesla. Biopsy points were categorized as enhancing (CE), non-enhancing (NE) or necrotic (NEC) on cT1 and tissue samples were categorized as “viable tumor cells”, “blood” or “necrotic tissue (with or without cellular component)”. Cell counting was done semi-automatically. Results NE had the highest content of tissue categorized as viable tumor cells (89% vs. 60% in CE and 30% NEC, respectively). Besides, the average cell density for NE (3764 ± 2893 cells/mm2) was comparable to CE (3506 ± 3116 cells/mm2), while NEC had a lower cell density with 2713 ± 3239 cells/mm2. If necrotic parts and bleeds were excluded, cell density in biopsies categorized as “viable tumor tissue” decreased from the center of the tumor (NEC, 5804 ± 3480 cells/mm2) to CE (4495 ± 3209 cells/mm2) and NE (4130 ± 2817 cells/mm2). Discussion The appearance of a glioblastoma on a cT1 image (circular enhancement, central necrosis, peritumoral edema) does not correspond to its diffuse histopathological composition. Cell density is elevated in both CE and NE parts. Hence, our study suggests that NE contains considerable amounts of infiltrative tumor with a high cellularity which might be considered in resection planning.
Phase III trial of nonpegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with trastuzumab and paclitaxel in HER 2-positive metastatic breast cancer

in combination with trastuzumab and paclitaxel in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer J. Baselga1,2*, A. Manikhas3, J. Cortés2,4, A. Llombart2,5, L. Roman6, V. F. Semiglazov7, M. Byakhov8, D. Lokanatha9, S. Forenza10, R. H. Goldfarb10, J. Matera10, N. Azarnia11, C. A. Hudis1 & M. Rozencweig10 Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA; SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain; City Clinical Oncology Dispensary, St. Petersburg, Russia; Medical Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona; Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain; Leningrad Regional Oncology Dispensary, St. Petersburg; Department of Tumor of Reproductive System, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg; Central Clinical Hospital No. 2 Named After N.A. Semashko, Moskow, Russia; Department of Medical Oncology, Kidway Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India; Sopherion Therapeutics, East Brunswick; Oncology Statistics LLC, Laguna Niguel, USA
The star formation rate density of the local universe from the KPNO international spectroscopic survey

Understanding the nature and future evolution of star-forming galaxies found at 2<z<5 requires a thorough knowledge of the star formation process locally. The KPNO International Spectroscopic Survey (KISS) is a wide-field survey for extragalactic emission-line objects being carried out with the Burrell Schmidt at Kitt Peak. We have discovered approximately 1100 emission-line galaxies (ELGs) in a survey area of 68 sq. degrees (16.6 galaxies per square degree). These ELGs were identified via their Hα flux and have been used to measure the star formation rate (SFR) density of the local universe. We find a SFR density approximately equal to that found by Gallego et al. (1995). We note, however, that our survey is incomplete for galaxies with EW(Hα)<25 A implying that the total local SFR density is higher than this value.
CRIMETRACER: Activity space based crime location prediction

Crime reduction and prevention strategies are vital for policymakers and law enforcement to face inevitable increases in urban crime rates as a side effect of the projected growth of urban population by the year 2030. Studies conclude that crime does not occur uniformly across urban landscapes but concentrates in certain areas. This phenomenon has drawn attention to spatial crime analysis, primarily focusing on crime hotspots, areas with disproportionally higher crime density. In this paper we present CRIMETRACER, a personalized random walk based approach to spatial crime analysis and crime location prediction outside of hotspots. We propose a probabilistic model of spatial behavior of known offenders within their activity space. Crime Pattern Theory concludes that offenders, rather than venture into unknown territory, frequently commit opportunistic crimes and serial violent crimes by taking advantage of opportunities they encounter in places they are most familiar with as part of their activity space. Our experiments on a large real-world crime dataset show that CRIMETRACER outperforms all other methods used for location recommendation we evaluate here.
Clinical correlates of attentional bias to drug cues associated with cocaine dependence.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Preoccupation (attentional bias) related to drug-related stimuli has been consistently observed for drug-dependent persons with several studies reporting an association of the magnitude of measured attentional bias with treatment outcomes. The major goal of the present study was to determine if pre-treatment attentional bias to personal drug use reminders in an addiction Stroop task predicts relapse in treatment-seeking, cocaine-dependent subjects. METHODS We sought to maximize the potential of attentional bias as a marker of risk for relapse by incorporating individualized rather than generalized drug use cues to reflect the personal conditioned associations that form the incentive motivation properties of drug cues in a sample of cocaine-dependent subjects (N = 35). RESULTS Although a significant group Stroop interference effect was present for drug versus neutral stimuli (ie, attentional bias), the level of attentional bias for cocaine-use words was not predictive of eventual relapse in this sample (d = .56). A similar lack of prediction power was observed for a non-drug counting word Stroop task as a significant interference effect was detected but did not predict relapse outcomes (d = .40). CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE The results of the present study do not provide clear support for the predictive value of individual variation in drug-related attentional bias to forecast probability of relapse in cocaine-dependent men.
Sustainable food consumption: an overview of contemporary issues and policies

Abstract Contemporary food production and consumption cannot be regarded as sustainable and raises problems with its wide scope involving diverse actors. Moreover, in the face of demographic change and a growing global population, sustainability problems arising from food systems will likely become more serious in the future. For example, agricultural production must deal with the impacts of climate change, increasingly challenging land-use conflicts, and rising health and social costs on both individual and societal levels. The unsustainability of current arrangements arises from the industrialization and globalization of agriculture and food processing, the shift of consumption patterns toward more dietary animal protein, the emergence of modern food styles that entail heavily processed products, the growing gap on a global scale between rich and poor, and the paradoxical lack of food security amid an abundance of food. These factors are attributable to national and international policies and regulations, as well as to prevalent business practices and, in particular, consumers’ values and habits. The most effective ways for affluent societies to reduce the environmental impact of their diets are to reduce consumption of meat and dairy products (especially beef), to favor organic fruits and vegetables, and to avoid goods that have been transported by air on both individual and institutional levels (e.g., public procurement, public catering). In examining the unsustainability of the current food system this article reviews the pertinent literature to derive a working definition of sustainable food consumption, outlines the major issues and impacts of current food-consumption practices, and discusses various policy interventions, including information-based instruments, market-based initiatives, direct regulations, and “nudges. ” It concludes with a call for integrative, cross-sectoral, and population-wide policies that address the full range of drivers of unsustainable food production and consumption.
The Externalisation of the EU's Labour Immigration Policy: Towards Mobility of Insecurity Partnerships? CEPS Working Document No. 321, October 2009

This paper looks at the dynamics affecting the external dimensions of the EU’s labour immigration policy. It assesses the role and functions of mobility partnerships as a mechanism for governing circular migration schemes that allow the temporary movement of individuals for employment purposes between EU member states and non-EU countries. The paper argues that given the actual origins, rationale, conditional nature and kinds of circular migration policies advocated by these partnerships, they should be considered ‘security’ partnerships for the participating EU member states and to a limited extent for the non-EU countries. At the same time, they could be regarded as 'insecurity' partnerships for the coherency and legitimacy of the EU’s labour immigration policy, as well as the liberty and security of the third-country workers.