Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Executive Function, Identity, and Career Decision-Making in College Students

This study examined the relationship among executive function, identity, and career decision-making as self-reported by 82 college students. Participants were administered measures of executive function, identity status, career decision-making, and an index of verbal intelligence. After controlling for intelligence, self-reported difficulties with the metacognitive component of executive function were related to lower levels of identity achievement and higher levels of moratorium and diffusion. Difficulties with behavioral regulation were associated with higher levels of moratorium and foreclosure. Hierarchical multiple regressions with backward elimination indicated that individual differences in career certainty was best explained by metacognitive control and identity achievement. In contrast, variation in career uncertainty was predicted by verbal intelligence, behavior regulation, and low and high scores on identity achievement and diffusion, respectively. These preliminary results fill a gap in the current literature on career decision-making, suggesting the importance of executive function skills to this milestone process in the lives of emerging adults.
Sexuality in the Later Years

ABSTRACT Many people deny the existence and importance of sexuality among the elderly members of our population. In a time when people are increasingly tolerant of sexual self-determination for virtually every segment of our population, why do we cling to puritanical moralities and outdated ideas in our approach toward sex in ageing men and women? Reasons range from psychological conflicts to social taboos; some stem from the selfish concerns of the young, and others are rooted in the cultural stereotypes and ignorance about the sexual behaviour of elderly people. It is not easy to find research on ageing and sexuality that does not suffer from extreme sample bias or the difficulty in getting older people to speak candidly about their sexuality. This paper explores some of the issues relating to sexuality in the later years.
Accessing support and empowerment online: The experiences of individuals with diabetes

The use of the internet for health information by those with long‐term conditions is growing. It has been argued that this represents a form of empowerment by patients, as it enables them to control the content and flow of the information available to them. To explore this, the use of online discussion groups by those with diabetes was examined.
The Impact of the Environment on Health in Mongolia

Mongolia has significant exposure to environmental risk factors because of poor environmental management and behaviors, and children are increasingly vulnerable to these threats. This study aimed to assess levels of exposure and summarize the evidence for associations between exposures to environmental risk factors and adverse health outcomes in Mongolia, with a particular focus on children. A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Global Health Library, CINAHL, CABI, Scopus, and mongolmed.mn electronic databases up to April 2014 . A total of 59 studies meeting the predetermined criteria were included. Results indicate that the Mongolian population has significant exposure to outdoor and indoor air pollution, metals, environmental tobacco smoke, and other chemical toxins, and these risk factors have been linked to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases among adults and respiratory diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders among children. Well-designed epidemiological investigations in vulnerable populations especially in pregnant women and children are recommended.
Theoretical implications of the mnemonic benefits of perceptual interference.

How should interfering with the perception of items during study affect memory for those items? Recent research by Nairne (1988) and Hirshman and Mulligan (1991) has demonstrated that backward pattern masking during study enhances later memory. This article examines whether traditional explanations of encoding benefits, including rehearsal, visual distinctiveness, and encoding effort, can account for this result. No evidence was found for any of these hypotheses. An explanation that focuses on the compensatory processing of higher level perceptual representations is proposed. This explanation provides a plausible explanation of the results of 7 experiments. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the explanation for perceptual priming and other manipulations of perceptual interference. How does interfering with the perception of items during study affect memory for those items? Nairne (1988) and Hirshman and Mulligan (1991) recently investigated this question using visual masking. These investigators examined memory performance on items presented in two study conditions. In the control or intact condition items were presented for 2.5 s. In the experimental or interference condition items were presented briefly (i.e., 100 ms) and then followed with a backward pattern mask (i.e., a row of Xs) presented for 2.4 s. The mask obscures the visual features of the study item, interfering with its perception. Surprisingly, these studies have demonstrated that interfering with perception using visual masking can actually improve memory performance. Nairne (1988) reported an advantage for the interference condition in recognition memory. Hirshman and Mulligan (1991) replicated Nairne's recognition memory results and demonstrated that this effect also occurs in free recall.1 These results seem surprising from several perspectives. First, many classical (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968; Waugh &
And mistrust take the hindmost: generalized trust in Denmark from 1990-2008

While most countries are experiencing stable or declining rates of generalized trust, this has not been the case in the Nordic countries, where levels of generalized trust have continued to increase. In the Danish case, trust increased by 50 per cent in the period from 1981 to 2008. This article investigates this puzzling development by testing the dominant socialization, status, and institutional theories on trust development. Using the Danish 1990, 1999, and 2008 waves of the European Values Study Denmark, the author employs graphical modelling in analysing the drivers of generalized trust increase in Denmark. Graphical modelling allows hierarchical structures of independent variables and is robust to thin cells, thus giving a more detailed picture than conventional regression techniques. The study shows that socialization has had little impact on the increasing level of generalized trust, whereas both individual achievement and the generally increasing levels of affluence and education are important drivers of the trust increase. However, since large parts of the population reaped the benefits of increasing levels of education and employment in Denmark during this period, this is not just a case of increasing trust, but also one of a diminishing low-trust minority excluded from partaking in this development.
A comparative study of topical vs retrobulbar anesthesia in complicated cataract surgery.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare levels of patient discomfort and perioperative complications during phacoemulsification and implantation of a foldable intraocular lens under topical lidocaine hydrochloride and retrobulbar anesthesia in patients with cataract who also had exfoliation syndrome, uveitis, posterior synechia, phacodonesis, or previous intraocular surgery. DESIGN A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was carried out at 2 institutions. PARTICIPANTS A total of 476 eyes of 476 patients with various well-established risk factors fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In 238 eyes, phacoemulsification was performed under retrobulbar anesthesia, while the other 238 eyes received topical anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS All patients underwent temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification and implantation of a foldable intraocular lens. Patients under retrobulbar anesthesia received a single injection (3. 5-5.5 mL) of a combination of 0.75% bupivacaine hydrochloride, 2% lidocaine, and hyaluronidase into the retrobulbar space. Patients in the topical anesthesia group received a minimum of 5 doses (approximately 40 microL per dose) of 2% topical lidocaine. No intracameral injection of any anesthetic was given. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The number of complications and adverse events. The intraoperative conditions were judged by the surgeon (P.C.J. or F.K. J.), and a 10-point visual analog scale was used immediately after surgery to assess each patient's overall severity of intraoperative pain. RESULTS The overall intraoperative complication rate was 1.9% for capsular tear, 3.8% for zonular tear, 1.5% for vitreous loss, and 1.0% for iris prolapse. Apart from the incidence of vitreous loss, which was significantly (P =.041) lower in the topical anesthesia group, no statistically significant differences in intraoperative and early postoperative complications were found between the groups. A supplemental posterior sub-Tenon space injection was required in 1.3% of the topical anesthesia group and in 0.8% of the retrobulbar anesthesia group. Chemosis (2.5%), subconjunctival hemorrhage (1.7%), and periorbital hematoma (0.8%) were seen only in the retrobulbar anesthesia group. The mean + SE pain scores estimated by the patients were 0.84 + 1.30 in the topical anesthesia group and 0.73 + 1.50 in the retrobulbar anesthesia group (P =.41). Patient preference for topical anesthesia (91%) appeared to be significantly (P =.01) higher than for retrobulbar anesthesia (62%). The surgeons found anesthesia-related intraoperative difficulty to be slightly lower in the retrobulbar anesthesia group (8%) than in the topical anesthesia group (14%). CONCLUSIONS Surgery-related complications and patient discomfort were similar for the 2 methods of anesthesia. Topical anesthesia is justified as a means of improving safety without causing discomfort to the patient even in complicated cases of cataract surgery. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:1037-1043
Long-acting PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone (Jintrolong) for children with growth hormone deficiency: phase II and phase III multicenter, randomized studies

Objective We assessed the efficacy and safety of a weekly pegylated human growth hormone (PEG-rhGH) (Jintrolong) vs daily rhGH for children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Design Phase II and III, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trials. Methods 108 and 343 children with treatment-naive GHD from 6 hospitals in China were enrolled in the phase II and III studies respectively. Patients in the phase II study were randomized 1:1:1 to weekly Jintrolong (0.1 mg/kg/week PEG-rhGH complex), weekly Jintrolong (0.2 mg/kg/week PEG-rhGH complex) or daily rhGH (0.25 mg/kg/week) for 25 weeks. Patients in the phase III study were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to weekly Jintrolong (0.2 mg/kg/week) or daily rhGH (0.25 mg/kg/week) for 25 weeks. The primary endpoint for both studies was height velocity (HV) increase at the end of treatment. Other growth-related parameters, safety and compliance were also monitored. Results The phase II study established the preliminary efficacy, safety and recommended dose of Jintrolong PEG-rhGH. In the phase III study, we demonstrated significantly greater HV increases in patients receiving Jintrolong treatment (from 2.26 ± 0.87 cm/year to 13.41 ± 3.72 cm/year) vs daily rhGH (from 2.25 ± 0.82 cm/year to 12.55 ± 2.99 cm/year) at the end of treatment (P < 0.05). Additionally, significantly greater improvement in the height standard deviation scores was associated with Jintrolong throughout the treatment (P < 0.05). Adverse event rates and treatment compliance were comparable between the two groups. Conclusion Jintrolong PEG-rhGH at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/week for 25 weeks is effective and safe for GHD treatment and is non-inferior to daily rhGH.
The divided visual field paradigm: Methodological considerations

The divided visual field methodology has been used to examine a wide variety of lateralised processes. When conducting such studies it is important to employ a number of strict controls in order to maximise the effectiveness of the paradigm for examining the processing of stimuli by each hemisphere. The use of these controls is discussed in this paper. The following issues are discussed: selection of participants; methods of fixation control; presenting stimuli unilaterally; methods of responding; and measures that can be taken. The use of the divided visual field paradigm to examine interhemispheric cooperation is also discussed. Employing the recommended controls provides an effective and relatively easy method of examining the role of each hemisphere in the processing of stimuli.
Producing and consuming China’s new urban space: State, market and society

The extant literature on urban China is preoccupied by concerns over the production and usage/consumption of urban space in relation to the dualistic state–market or state–society relation. This special issue presents a collection of carefully selected papers to counter-balance the skewed tendency observed in current urban China studies. We argue that the growth and spatiality of China’s new urbanism can be better understood by a critical analysis of how the state, market, and society interact in the processes of producing and consuming urban spaces in a rapidly changing global and local context. We propose that contemporary Chinese urban processes and experiences can be demonstrated holistically and realistically by placing due attention on both the production and consumption of China’s new urban spaces and the resulting contestations and contradictions. Our collective effort to examine how China’s state–market–society triad plays out in the production and consumption of urban spaces has yielded significant insights to advance ongoing enquiry in urbanising China in response to the advocacy for a decentring theorisation of the urban revolutions taking a perspective inclusive of the voices from the global south.
Surface Reconstruction of Water Waves using Thermographic Stereo Imaging

This paper presents a system for the surface reconstruction of water waves using shape-from-stereo techniques. Based on two infrared cameras operating in the 3 − 5 μm wavelength range, the system acquires thermographic image sequences of the water surface with high temporal resolution. Due to the optical properties of water, imaging in this region of the infrared spectrum is well suited for stereo matching, as it avoids or reduces the problems associated with transparency, specular reflections, and lack of texture at visible wavelengths. Results are presented for image sequences obtained during experiments at the University of Heidelberg’s wind-wave flume Aeolotron together with an assessment of the achieved reconstruction accuracy.
Acute invasive rhinocerebral zygomycosis in an otherwise healthy patient: case report and review.

A previously healthy 19-year-old man developed rapidly progressive invasive rhinocerebral zygomycosis due to Apophysomyces elegans. He required extensive surgery and prolonged treatment with high-dose i.v. amphotericin B for cure. This is only the third reported case of acute invasive rhinocerebral zygomycosis in an otherwise healthy patient and the first reported case of infection due to A. elegans in any patient. We review the literature and clinical spectrum of rhinocerebral zygomycosis in otherwise healthy patients and discuss the recently recognized association between A. elegans and zygomycosis in immunocompetent patients.
Technology Adaptation: The Case of Large-Scale Information Systems

The deployment of large-scale information systems is a major trend in the corporate world today due to a number of driving forces such as the Internet, globalization, and the use of IT for distributed knowledge. However, the adaptation process of such new technologies is not yet well understood. With its theoretical basis on structuration theory and actor network theory (ANT), this study employs a case study methodology with organizations implementing ERP systems and investigates how the technological adaptation of large-scale IS, specifically ERP systems, differs from that of traditional (standalone) IS. Our findings are expected to have both theoretical and practical implications for the design as well as implementation of large-scale IS.
Gender as a Relational Somatic Experience: How Psychotherapists Participate in Gendering Clients (An Experiential Conversation) 1

This paper articulates a study of gender role-playing by a focus group of bodycentered psychotherapists familiar with Relational Somatic Psychotherapy (RSP), in hopes RSP might offer a lens for helping clients understand their embodied gender experiences, and for helping clinicians understand how wittingly or unwittingly they might be participating in “gendering” their clients. That is, to whatever extent therapists are not aiming to help bring consciousness to a person’s sense of identity regarding gender (as with any other culturally reinforced identity), they might be colluding to limit it. A workshop introduction is articulated, followed by a review of gender literature relevant to psychotherapy, a description of methodology, results from the group’s roleplay experiences, and suggestions for further study.
Communication in the Presence of Noise

A method is developed for representing any communication system geometrically. Messages and the corresponding signals are points in two "function spaces," and the modulation process is a mapping of one space into the other. Using this representation, a number of results in communication theory are deduced concerning expansion and compression of bandwidth and the threshold effect. Formulas are found for the maxmum rate of transmission of binary digits over a system when the signal is perturbed by various types of noise. Some of the properties of "ideal" systems which transmit at this maxmum rate are discussed. The equivalent number of binary digits per second for certain information sources is calculated.
Clinical concept mapping: Does it improve discipline-based critical thinking of nursing students?

Background: Enhancing nursing students’ critical thinking is a challenge faced by nurse educators. This study aimed at determining the effect of clinical concept mapping on discipline-based critical thinking of nursing students. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental post-test only design, a convenient sample of 4th year nursing students (N = 32) participated. They were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group participated in a 1-day workshop on clinical concept mapping. They were also assigned to use at least two clinical concepts mapping during their clinical practice. Post-test was done using a specially designed package consisting of vignettes for measurement of 17 dimensions of critical thinking in nursing under two categories of cognitive critical thinking skills and habits of mind. They were required to write about how they would use a designated critical thinking skills or habits of mind to accomplish the nursing actions. The students’ responses were evaluated based on identification of critical thinking, justification, and quality of the student's response. The mean score of both groups was compared by Mann-Whitney test using SPSS version 16.5. Results: The results of the study revealed a significant difference between the two groups’ critical thinking regarding identification, justification, and quality of responses, and overall critical thinking scores, cognitive thinking skills, and habits of mind. The two groups also differed significantly from each other in 11 out of 17 dimensions of critical thinking. Conclusion: Clinical concept mapping is a valuable strategy for improvement of critical thinking of nursing students. However, further studies are recommended to generalize this result to nursing students in their earlier stage of education.
Residents’ perceptions of the 2014 Sochi Olympic Games

This study examines the perceptions of local residents prior to the 2014 Sochi Olympic and Paralympic Games. A survey conducted amongst residents, 5 months prior to the Games opening, reveals a lower level of support for the Games during the preparation period compared to other Olympic host cities. Socio-demographic data about the residents help explain the varying attitudes towards the Games that were identified. The conclusions suggest that Sochi residents’ perceptions have been largely influenced by their thoughts regarding potential economic and socio-cultural impacts, whether positive or negative. When these opinions are analysed further, three main considerations were found: (1) impacts on urban development and quality of residential life; (2) positive impacts on tourism and the destination’s economy and (3) negative results of hosting the Games. The study also finds, using structural equation modelling, that residents of Sochi, who could receive some benefit from the Games, were involved in the decision-making process or had more information about the upcoming Games, demonstrated more positive attitudes towards hosting the Olympics.
Direction of Comparison in Typicality Judgments

Abstract Two studies demonstrated that direction of comparison effects, a hallmark of feature matching models of comparison in preference and similarity judgments, were also found in typicality comparisons. College students compared the typicality of two group members (movie stars in Study 1, N = 82; fraternity members in Study 2, N = 153) who had been rated as equally typical in isolation. When group members shared typical features but had unique atypical features, participants rated the target of comparison (second group member) as more atypical than the referent (first group member). When group members shared atypical features, but had unique typical features, the pattern was reversed. Participants who were themselves members of the group provided similar ratings (Study 2). Consistent with past findings, the typicality judgments reflect a focus on the unique features of the target of comparison. Results are discussed in terms of judgments of members of stereotyped groups.
Impulsivity and Offending from Childhood to Young Adulthood in the United States: A Developmental Trajectory Analysis

The purpose of the present study was to provide an examination of the development of impulsivity through childhood and its link to offending in adolescence and young adulthood in the United States. Moffitt’s (1993, 2003) dual taxonomy provides a framework for understanding this connection. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979), Child and Young Adult surveys (n=413), we show that three trajectory groups of impulsivity and offending best represent these data. The groups indicate relative stability in impulsivity in childhood and offending in adolescence and young adulthood. Further we show that high levels of impulsivity are connected with high and stable levels of offending.
“My Grandparent Has Dementia”

The study examined the grandparent–grandchild relationship when the grandparent has dementia. Grandchildren living in Barcelona, Spain, participated in the study (n = 145). These participants completed a questionnaire that included questions on: (a) the frequency of 15 emotions they may have experienced in this relationship, (b) their current relationship with a grandparent who has dementia (frequency of contact, emotional closeness, and satisfaction with the relationship), and (c) perception of changes in the relationship. Results showed that the dementia process has a negative impact on the relationship between grandparent and grandchildren. However, in some cases, there was also potential for positive changes, which are mainly related to the ability to keep emotional contact and express positive emotions. Findings suggested the need to take into account grandchildren when planning training programs for families caring for relatives with dementia, such as providing information about the disease and improving their coping strategies.