Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Brief Orientation Week Ecological Momentary Intervention to Reduce University Student Alcohol Consumption.

OBJECTIVE Orientation Week is a series of events at the beginning of the university year that introduces incoming students to university life. It is also the period of the academic year when students consume more alcohol than at any other time. Recently, we demonstrated that alcohol consumption during Orientation Week was related to alcohol consumption during the academic year. The aim of the present study was to determine whether a brief Ecological Momentary Intervention (EMI) implemented during Orientation Week could reduce alcohol consumption during Orientation Week and throughout the academic year. METHOD Participants were 130 freshman-year university students (72 women, 58 men) randomly assigned to either an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) condition or an EMA-EMI condition. In both conditions, participants reported pre-university, Orientation Week, and academic year weekend alcohol consumption. Those in the EMA-EMI condition also received EMI text messages promoting moderation every night during Orientation Week. RESULTS Although the EMI did not reduce men's drinking, women in the EMA-EMI condition, compared with women in the EMA condition, consumed significantly fewer drinks during Orientation Week, M = 17.1, SD = 13.3, vs. M = 26.4, SD = 22.5, respectively, t(70) = -1.927, p < . 05, Cohen's d = 0.473, and reported consuming fewer weekend drinks during the academic semester, M = 5.0, SD = 3.3, vs. M = 7.5, SD = 6.3, respectively, t(70) = -2.263, p < . 05, d = 0.451. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first important step in reducing drinking among university students by developing and using EMIs during Orientation Week.
Conventional versus Papanicolaou-stained cytobrush biopsy in the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

AIMS Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent malignancy of the oral cavity which is known to have a high mortality rate. Early diagnosis of this cancer has a major role in the prevention of its progression and can help increase patient survival. Conventional biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of oral SCC. However oral brush biopsy is less invasive, quicker and easier than surgical method. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of oral brush biopsy in patients with oral SCC. METHODS Thirty-five oral SCC subjects underwent. Cyrtobrush sampling followed by conventional biopsy and the latter was used as gold standard to determine the sensitivity of the brush biopsy technique. Papanicolaou and hematoxylin/eosin staining were used for cytopathologic and histopathologic assessments, respectively. RESULTS Only one patient was excluded due to inadequate sample material. A total of six of cytobrush specimens had the same diagnosis as their conventional biopsies (20.6% true positive), while 27 samples (79.4%) showed false negativity. CONCLUSIONS According to the results obtained in the present study, sampling with cytobrush followed by Papanicolaou staining may not be a good alternative for conventional biopsy in oral SCC cases.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Antarctic Psychrophilic Bacterium Pseudomonas syringae Strain Lz4W

ABSTRACT The psychrophilic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae strain Lz4W was isolated from soil samples from Antarctica to decipher the mechanisms of low-temperature adaptation. We report here the 4.982-Mb draft genome sequence of P. syringae Lz4W. This sequence will provide insights into the genomic basis of the psychrophilicity of this bacterium.
HOUSE ALLOCATION WITH EXISTING TENANTS

Abstract In many real-life applications of house allocation problems, whenever an existing tenant wants to move, he needs to give up his current house before getting another one. This practice discourages existing tenants from such attempts and results in loss of potentially large gains from trade. Motivated by this observation, we propose a simple mechanism that is Pareto efficient, individually rational, and strategy-proof. Our approach is constructive and we provide two algorithms, each of which can be used to find the outcome of this mechanism. One additional merit of this mechanism is that it can accommodate any hierarchy of seniorities. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C71, C78, D71, DF8.
Management of Peyronie's disease by dermal grafting.

PURPOSE To evaluate the results of plaque excision and dermal grafting in Peyronie's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty seven patients were scheduled to undergo plaque excision and dermal grafting for Peyronie's disease. Potency, bending of erected penis, and having painful erection were evaluated in patients before and after operation. To evaluate erectile dysfunction, we used International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) by interviewing the patients and filling questionnaires by their partners. Doppler ultrasonography was used to determine the vascular competence of penis before and after operation in 15 patients. RESULTS The disease was more prevalent between the ages of 40 and 60 years. Plaques were located as follows: dorsal in 18, right lateral in 6 and left lateral in 3. Mean plaque size was 11 (range 5 to 18) mm. After plaque excision and dermal grafting, penile deformity, erectile dysfunction, and painful erection had remained yet in 4 (15%) out of 27, 3 (16%) out of 19, and 3 (14%) out of 22, respectively. Doppler ultrasonographic study in 15 patients revealed improvement in peak systolic velocity (p<0.01). In addition, a decrease in end diastolic velocity was noted also that was not significant statistically (p=0.26). Resistive index did not improve after operation. CONCLUSION This procedure showed significant improvement in penile deformity (85% of cases), erectile dysfunction (84% of cases) and painful erection (86% of cases). We recommend plaque excision and dermal grafting as an effective procedure in treating Peyronie's disease.
Flights to Safety

We identify flight-to-safety (FTS) days for twenty-three countries using only stock and bond returns and a model averaging approach. FTS days comprise less than 2% of the sample and are associated with a 2.7% average bond-equity return differential and significant flows out of equity funds and into government bond and money market funds. FTS represents flights to both quality and liquidity in international equity markets, but mainly a flight to quality in the U.S. corporate bond market. Emerging markets, endowment funds, and hedge funds perform poorly during FTS, whereas hedge funds appear to vary their systematic exposures prior to an FTS. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Taxes, Default Risk, and Credit Spreads

Most term structure models of defaultable bonds have ignored personal tax effects. This research examines the effects of omitting taxes on empirical estimation of yield spreads and default probability. The model accounts for the effects of taxes on investor's trading strategy. It is found that ignoring the interactive effects of taxes and default results in a substantial underestimation of yield spreads between corporate and Treasury bonds. The problem of spread underestimation is more severe in percentage terms for high-grade bonds than for low-grade bonds. Failure to account for tax effects results in an upward-biased estimate of default probability, a bias positively related to maturity and tax rates and negatively related to bond quality.
Multi-Bernoulli filter for group object tracking and its Gaussian-Wishart implementation

The problem of multiple group object tracking is a challenging one and has been extensively researched during the last two decades. The problem solution, proposed in this article, is an extension of the well known multi-Bernoulli filter. The model is first formulated generally, then the linear Gaussian-Wishart implementation is proposed. Contrary to many known methods, which track either individual targets or groups, the proposed filter tracks individual objects and combines them into group tracks. The experiments on simulated data have shown a sustainable ability of the method to track group objects.
Comparative Study of Metal Films and Their Affinity for Metal Whisker Growth

The problem of tin (Sn) whiskers has been a significant reliability issue in electronics for the past several decades. Despite the large amount of research conducted on this issue, the growth of whiskers remains a challenge for the research community. A comparative study of different metal whiskers could provide a deeper insight toward the development of more permanent mitigation strategies for Sn whisker growth. In this paper, the surface and microstructural evolution of various film/substrate combinations of 10-μm thick zinc (Zn) and Sn metal films and their affinity for whisker growth were observed under two environmental conditions-ambient temperature and elevated temperature of 55°C and 85% humidity. The films were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, focused ion beam, and electron dispersive spectroscope. In addition, several decades-aged samples with Zn, Sn, and cadmium films with a high density population of whiskers were observed for comparison.
Does governance structure have any effect on firm performance during the financial crisis

Purpose – The financial crisis of 2008-2009 was truly global in nature that affected all sectors and countries of the world. Being considered that a board of directors is the main governance mechanism through which a company is governed and managed. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the governance structure of a company on its financial performance during the period of financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach – The study investigates the effect of board structure parameters – board leadership, directors and board size on the financial performance for 164 non-financial listed firms in India during the period of financial crisis of 2008-2009. Findings – The study finds a significant positive effect with Chief Executive Officer duality, executive chairperson and proportion of inside directors on the firm’s financial performance. Independent directors have no significant influence, while non-executive (grey) director’s being affiliated with the firm has a negative influence on firm’s financial performance. A larger board has a negative relationship with the firm’s financial performance. Research limitations/implications – The study is limited to large non-financial firms of the Bombay Stock Exchange-200 index. The study may be extended to include other firms to generalize the findings. Practical implications – Results imply that during the period of financial distress, a company having more inside (or management) directors with an executive chairperson are in a better position to manage company resources with positive impact on financial performance. Companies with larger boards may find it difficult to take quick decisions, which ultimately affect their performance. Originality/value – The study is original in its idea of assessing company strategy to adopt a suitable governance structure that can sustain its performance during the period of financial crisis.
Determinants of Exchange Rate Practices

THE BREAKDOWN OF THE BRETTON WOODS par value system resulted in the de facto adoption of a wide variety of exchange rate systems. Each country's freedom to choose the exchange rate arrangements best suited to its needs was subsequently codified in Article IV of the Second Amendment to the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund. The choice of an appropriate exchange rate system is of great importance to a country as it will have important implications for the conduct of its domestic and international economic policy. The choice of an exchange rate regime might be a relatively simple exercise if countries were faced only with the classical textbook dichotomy of floating and fixed exchange rates. It is well known that some countries with ostensibly floating exchange rates intervene regularly in the foreign exchange market to stabilize the rate, whereas others with pegged exchange rates avail themselves of such wide intervention margins that the currency's value is determined within very wide limits by market forces. The choice is further complicated by the wide variety of pegging arrangements that have been adopted by diSerent countries. Indeed, sometimes there exists a serious problem in defining unambiguously whether a country's currency is basically floating or pegged. For instance, the countries adhering to the European currency snake1 are referred to both as
Publishing Trends of the Journal of Human Factors from 1997–2004

Following up on previous analysis of characteristics of articles in the Journal of Human Factors, the current paper is intended to present a current analysis of articles published from 1997-2004. The paper examines all published articles across the following characteristics: year of publication, period of publication, general affiliation of authors, specific affiliation of 1st author, country of origin of authors, technical group, and collaboration comparisons. This information illustrates the important contributors to research in the field, how much research is done within each technical group, and the characteristics of collaborative work produced. By making comparisons within the eight year period and comparing total data to previous trend analysis (Zavod & Hitt, 2000) this paper will illustrate the direction of human factors research. The information reported can provide a reference for professionals, students, and prospective researchers in identifying where research is taking place and burgeoning topics of interest.
Pegging and macroeconomic performance in East Asia

As memories of the East Asian crises of 1997-1998 recede, attention has shifted back to the traditional problems of macroeconomic management in a small open economy. A key question, in this regard, is the appropriate choice of exchange rate regime. While the East Asian crises cased some disenchantment wit pegging in the region, historical experience suggests that the appeal of pegging is very strong in many emerging markets. To shed some light on the relative merits of pegging in East Asia we briefly discuss what the recent literature ahe to say on this question. We then review the experience of the region over the period 1974-1999.
Market Underreaction to Large Stock Price Declines: The Case of ADRs

This paper examines a sample of ADR stocks that experienced significant stock price declines of more than -15% during a specific month, and finds no evidence of a reversal pattern over the long run. The results are consistent with the predictions of the underreaction hypothesis and the existence of a "momentum" effect in stock prices. The underreaction hypothesis is also supported when ADRs are examined across industries, and for a sample of emerging market ADRs.
Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Evaluation and Management

&NA; Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis is caused by mechanical factors and/or biochemical alterations within the intervertebral disk that lead to disk space collapse, facet joint hypertrophy, soft‐tissue infolding, and osteophyte formation, which narrows the space available for the thecal sac and exiting nerve roots. The clinical consequence of this compression is neurogenic claudication and varying degrees of leg and back pain. Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis is a major cause of pain and impaired quality of life in the elderly. The natural history of this condition varies; however, it has not been shown to worsen progressively. Nonsurgical management consists of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, and epidural steroid injections. If nonsurgical management is unsuccessful and neurologic decline persists or progresses, surgical treatment, most commonly laminectomy, is indicated. Recent prospective randomized studies have demonstrated that surgery is superior to nonsurgical management in terms of controlling pain and improving function in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.
Credit and accounting in early modern Italy: the case of the Monte di Pietà in Bologna

The foundation of Monti di Pietà by Franciscan friars in the fifteenth century represented a response to the problems of usury and difficult access to consumer credit. Some historians have highlighted the bank-like nature of the Monti, while others have considered them as economic institutions. This paper explores the case of the Monte di Pietà in Bologna during the early modern era, with particular reference to its governance model and its accounting and internal control practices. The presence of a well-preserved archive made it possible to perform a depth investigation of the emergence of accounting as a tool of control of the Monte.
Receive Grants or Perish? The Survival Prospects of Ugandan Non-Governmental Organisations

Abstract This study examines survival patterns in a large, representative panel of Ugandan non-governmental organisations (NGOs) between 2002 and 2008. It finds no evidence that more effective or more altruistic NGOs have a greater likelihood of survival. The main determinant of survival appears to be access to grants, and NGOs without grants struggle to survive. An investigation of the grant allocation mechanism suggests that effectiveness does not increase an NGO's likelihood of receiving a grant. Grant allocation appears to be neither fair nor effective, but rather to be awarded on the basis of habit rather than merit: once a grant has been allocated there is a strong tendency for it to persist. The odds are stacked against small NGOs that have not previously received grants. A picture emerges of two parallel NGO worlds: one where revenues are small, variable and hard to come by and survival is not very likely, and the other where revenues are high, more stable and more accessible and survival is more likely. The study suggests it may be difficult for an NGO to move from the former to the latter.
Economic and environmental analysis of the wine bottle production in Spain by means of life cycle assessment

The article's objective is to analyse the improvements obtained by the implementation of eco-efficiency in wine production. The principal aim is to achieve the rational energy and materials consumption in the whole wine production process implementing the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology. The production processes and the products are analysed taking into account their LCA from the raw materials and the intermediate process products, to the final product, the waste and the emissions generated. Their possible re-utilisation and the process integration are also analysed in order to minimise the load pollutant. Through LCA, energy, material requirements and waste are identified and described quantitatively for each process. Moreover the associated impacts are evaluated and explained identifying the processes with higher improvement potential. Finally the innovative solutions implemented for eco-efficient wine production are described and analysed.
Interaction between Leukotoxin and Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutase in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

ABSTRACT Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative oral pathogen that is the etiologic agent of localized aggressive periodontitis and systemic infections. A. actinomycetemcomitans produces leukotoxin (LtxA), which is a member of the RTX (repeats in toxin) family of secreted bacterial toxins and is known to target human leukocytes and erythrocytes. To better understand how LtxA functions as a virulence factor, we sought to detect and study potential A. actinomycetemcomitans proteins that interact with LtxA. We found that Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) interacts specifically with LtxA. Cu,Zn SOD was purified from A. actinomycetemcomitans to homogeneity and remained enzymatically active. Purified Cu,Zn SOD allowed us to isolate highly specific anti-Cu,Zn SOD antibody and this antibody was used to further confirm protein interaction. Cu,Zn SOD-deficient mutants displayed decreased survival in the presence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and could be complemented with wild-type Cu,Zn SOD in trans. We suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans Cu,Zn SOD may protect both bacteria and LtxA from reactive species produced by host inflammatory cells during disease. This is the first example of a protein-protein interaction involving a bacterial Cu,Zn SOD.
Nonstationarity of Real Exchange Rates in the G7 Countries: Are They Cointegrated with Real Variables?

Abstract Using monthly data for the G7 countries in the post-Bretton Woods floating rate period, this paper demonstrates that almost all bilateral real exchange rates have unit roots and, hence, are nonstationary. Consequently, it rejects simple PPP as a long-run relationship. The paper also shows that many of these real exchange rates are cointegrated with other real economic variables such as relative labor productivity, terms-of-trade ratios, real trade balance ratios, and long-term real interest rate differentials. In particular, relative labor productivity is statistically significant with the correct sign for more than half of the country pairs for which cointegration is confirmed. This finding lends support to the Balassa–Samuelson productivity-bias hypothesis. These results imply that nonstationarity of real exchange rates and the consequent rejection of simple PPP can be consistent with the notion that real exchange rates revert to an equilibrium in the long run without deviating arbitrarily far from this equilibrium position. J. Japan. Int. Econ., December 1997, pp. 523–547. Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan, and Faculty of Business and Commerce, Meiji University, 1-1 Kanda, Surugadai, Chiyada-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan.
The medium latency muscle response to a vestibular perturbation is increased after depression of the cerebellar vermis

Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is able to evoke distinct responses in the muscles used for balance. These reflexes, termed the short (SL) and medium latency (ML) responses, can be altered by sensory input; decreasing in size when additional sensory cues are available. Although much is known about these responses, the origin and role of the responses are still not fully understood. It has been suggested that the cerebellum, a structure that is involved in postural control and sensory integration, may play a role in the modulation of these reflexes.
Depression and Co-Occurring Health Determinants of Hispanic Men With HIV Infection in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACT HIV infection among Hispanic men is a public health concern. Certain factors have been identified that may contribute to the high rates of HIV infection among Hispanic men such as migration, acculturation, poverty, and depression. These men are at risk for additional co-occurring health issues. Given limited research, few studies have focused specifically on Hispanic men with HIV infection residing in a U.S.-Mexico border community. This pilot study surveyed participants (n = 39) to better understand co-occurrence of health determinants, especially depression among Hispanic men with HIV infections. The study's findings indicate that clinicians need to be aware that certain factors may influence depression among people with Hispanic men with HIV infection. Clinicians also need awareness of the impact of depression on adherence to HIV care and treatment among Hispanic men with HIV infection. More research is needed to explore the relationship of HIV-related stigma, HIV disclosure, social support, and depression among Hispanic men with HIV infections.