Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Norris Survey of the Corona Borealis Supercluster. II. Galaxy Evolution with Redshift and Environment

We measure the field galaxy luminosity function (LF) as a function of color and redshift from z = 0 to z = 0.5 using galaxies from the Norris Survey of the Corona Borealis Supercluster. The data set consists of 603 field galaxies with 0 < z ≤ 0.5 and spans a wide range in apparent magnitude (14.0 ≲ r ≲ 21.5), although our field galaxy LF analysis is limited to 493 galaxies with r ≤ 20.0 mag. We use the observed g-r colors of the galaxies to compute accurate corrections to the rest BAB and r bands. We find that our local r-band LF, when normalized to counts in high galactic latitude fields, agrees well with the local LF measured in the Las Campanas Redshift Survey. Our BAB-band local LF, however, does not match the bj-band LF from the Stromlo/APM survey, having a normalization 1.6 times higher. We see compelling evidence that the BAB-band field galaxy LF evolves with redshift. The evolution is strongest for the population of star-forming galaxies with [O II] λ3727 rest-frame equivalent widths greater than 10 Å. The population of red, quiescent galaxies shows no sign of evolution to z = 0.5. The evolution of the LF that we observe is consistent with the findings of other faint galaxy redshift surveys. The fraction of galaxies with [O II] emission increases rapidly with redshift, but the fraction of galaxies with strong Hδ absorption, a signature of a burst of star formation, does not. We thus conclude that the star formation in distant galaxies is primarily long-lived. We also compute the LFs of the Corona Borealis supercluster (z ≈ 0.07, 419 galaxies with 14.1 ≤ r ≤ 20.0 mag) and the Abell 2069 supercluster (z ≈ 0.11, 318 galaxies with 15.1 ≤ r ≤ 20.0 mag). The shapes of the two supercluster luminosity functions are broadly similar to the shape of the local luminosity function. However, there are important differences. Both supercluster LFs have an excess of very bright galaxies. In addition, the characteristic magnitude of the Corona Borealis supercluster LF is roughly half a magnitude brighter than that of the local field galaxy LF, and there is a suggestion of an upturn in the LF for galaxies fainter than M(BAB) ~ -17 + 5 log10 h mag, where h is the Hubble constant in units of 100 km s-1 Mpc-1.
Leflunomide for Inflammatory Arthritis in End-Stage Renal Disease on Peritoneal Dialysis: A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetic Study

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of leflunomide and document its efficacy and safety in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis in a patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who was on peritoneal dialysis. CASE SUMMARY Therapy for a 78-year-old man with ESRD who required peritoneal dialysis was started with leflunomide 10 mg/day for psoriatic arthritis. The dosage was increased to 20 mg/day after 3 months. Monitoring was continued until the patient's unexpected death from myocardial infarction at 8 months. Total and unbound teriflunomide (the active metabolite of leflunomide) concentrations were measured by liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Genotyping for CYP2C19 and ABCG2 polymorphisms, both known to influence teriflunomide pharmacokinetics, was also performed. DISCUSSION Total concentrations of teriflunomide varied between 5.2 and 23.2 mg/L, while unbound concentrations varied between 0.0306 and 0.1468 mg/L. The unbound fraction varied between 0.367% and 0.71%. Teriflunomide was found in the dialysate at a concentration of 0.0981 mg/L. A single CYP2C19 loss of function allele was present, as was wild-type ABCG2. Leflunomide appeared to be therapeutically effective, as evidenced by a reduction in daily prednisolone dosage from 20 mg to 6mg; the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) was 5.46 at enrollment and 4.03 after 7 months. Health Assessment Questionnaire—Disability Index improved from 0.5 to 0.125 at 7 months. Numerous significant adverse events that were considered unrelated to leflunomide occurred. CONCLUSIONS Dose adjustment for leflunomide does not appear to be required in the context of ESRD requiring peritoneal dialysis. We present novel evidence that a small amount of teriflunomide is removed by peritoneal dialysis. This case suggests that leflunomide is safe to use as therapy for inflammatory arthritis despite the presence of ESRD requiring peritoneal dialysis.
Mobility and fractionation of arsenic, chromium and copper in thermally treated soil

Thermal treatment is used to remediate soil co-contaminated with organic and inorganic contaminants. It destroys organic contaminants, but the remaining inorganic contaminants require further treatment. In this study the effects of thermal treatment on the mobility, speciation and chemical fractionation of As, Cr and Cu in a CCA-polluted soil were evaluated by leaching tests, As speciation assays and a sequential extraction procedure. The soil was sieved into four size fractions (<0.125, 0.125—0.250, 0.250—0.500 and 0.500—1.0 mm), each of which was treated at 800°C and analysed in comparison with the untreated soil. The leaching of As and Cr increased by factors of 18—40 and 2—23, respectively, while the mobility of Cu decreased 12—14-fold after treatment. The concentration of As(V) in pore water of the finest soil fraction increased 19-fold, whereas that of As(III) remained constant. The treatment reduced As, Cr and Cu associated with the reducible soil fraction. In addition, it increased the proportions of As and Cr (slightly) associated with the exchangeable and acid-soluble soil fractions, and the proportions of Cu and Cr (substantially) associated with the residual fraction.
Predicting Juvenile Offender Recidivism: Risk-Need Assessment and Juvenile Justice Officers

This study compared the validity of structured versus unstructured risk predictions. Fourteen Juvenile Justice Officers (JJOs) provided 121 risk-need inventory assessments for offending youth under community supervision. Using a rating scale (0-10), another group of 20 JJOs provided estimates of reoffending for a different sample of 107 young offenders. Follow-up data from a few months to approximately 2 years were accessed to identify new convictions. Predictive validity analyses yielded marginally higher, but non-significant, differences in favour of the inventory (area under ROC curve = .75 versus .70). Detection indices improved slightly when reoffending status was determined for a subset of male offenders at 15 months post-assessment. It was noteworthy that when risk scores were converted to categorical ranges (low, medium, high), the distribution was significantly different for the inventory compared with the officers. This was due to more high-risk ratings by JJOs compared with more low-risk rating from the inventory and highlights one advantage of the latter approach.
Minority support: Friendship and the development of gay and lesbian managerial careers and identities

Purpose – This paper aims to explore how gay men and lesbians draw upon workplace friendship for developing and sustaining managerial careers and identities. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopts a qualitative design, using data collected from semi‐structured interviews with four lesbians and eight gay men, all employed in managerial roles in the UK. Findings – Data reveal the importance of workplace friendship as a resource for mentoring, climbing managerial career ladders, fitting into existing work cultures and developing gay and lesbian managerial identities. A significant finding is that participants preferred to befriend heterosexual colleagues, to that end complicating previous research that suggests gay and lesbian friendship preferences tend to be marked by similarity in regard to sexual identity. Work friends enable and constrain the development and visibility of gay and lesbian managerial identities and careers. Research limitations/implications – Although the data are not generalisable, it is of concern that gay men and lesbians continue to be disadvantaged by heteronormative constructions of gender and sexuality. While gender and sexual norms can limit the visibility and embodiment of gay and lesbian managers in the workplace, the study reveals also how gay sexualities can be utilised as a resource for developing influential friendships. Originality/value – This article provides insights into issues not previously covered or understudied in the organisation studies literature such as the agency of gay men and lesbians in constructing different types of workplace friendships as a resource for developing managerial identities and careers.
Deficits in general emotion regulation skills-Evidence of a transdiagnostic factor.

OBJECTIVE Deficits in emotion regulation (ER) skills are discussed as a transdiagnostic factor contributing to the development and maintenance of various mental disorders. However, systematic comparisons of a broad range of ER skills across diagnostic groups that are based on comparable definitions and measures of ER are still rare. METHOD Therefore, we conducted two studies assessing a broad range of ER skills with the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire in individuals meeting criteria for mental disorders (N1 = 1448; N2 = 137) and in a general population sample (N = 214). RESULTS Consistent across the two studies, participants in the clinical samples reported lower general and lower specific ER skills than participants in the general population sample. Also consistent across the two studies, diagnostic subgroups of the clinical samples differed significantly with regard to general and specific ER skills. CONCLUSION The studies provide evidence that deficits in ER are associated with various forms of psychopathology. However, mental disorders seem to differ with regard to how strongly they are linked to ER skills.
Age differences in visual evoked potential estimates on interhemishperic transfer.

Twenty-six younger (ages 18-36 years) and 19 older (ages 60-88 years) healthy right-handed men and women were tested for interhemispheric transfer by using visual evoked potentials to laterally presented checkerboards. Interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT) was estimated by subtracting latencies for both P100 and N160 peaks of the waveform contralateral to the stimulus from the waveform ipsilateral to the stimulus for homologous sites. The quality of interhemispheric transfer was estimated by comparing peak-to-peak amplitudes for homologous sites. IHTT did not change across age, but there was a suppression of the waveform over the indirectly stimulated hemisphere in the older participantsl The significance of this finding for age-related changes in functions mediated by the corpus callosum is discussed.
The Association Between Family Violence and Adolescent Dating Violence Onset

The authors determine if the associations between family violence(corporal punishment, violence against the child with the intention of harm, and witnessing violence between parents) and adolescent dating violence vary by subgroups based on race, socioeconomic status, and family structure. This study is guided by the theoretical propositions of Rowe, Vazsonyi, and Flannery (1994) related to examining subgroup differences and similarities in developmental processes. The sample is 1,218 early adolescents (56.6% female, 16.4% Black) who completed two self-administered questionnaires during 1 1/2 years. We found many subgroup differences in the associations between the family violence variables and dating violence; the most consistent being across race. In most cases, exposure to family violence predicted dating violence by Black adolescents but was not associated with dating violence for White adolescents. We also found within-race differences in the associations examined. Results are supportive of subgroup differences in developmental processes.
Faculty and male student athletes: racial differences in the environmental predictors of academic achievement

Studies have examined the impact of environmental variables on academic achievement among student athletes in the revenue‐generating sports of men’s basketball and football. However, while evidence concerning the positive impact of male student athlete and faculty interaction is virtually unequivocal, we are not certain whether the benefits accruing from particular types of interaction vary across different racial/ethnic groups. This study explores the relationship between male Black and White student athletes and faculty as well as the impact of specific forms of student athlete–faculty interaction on academic achievement. Data are drawn from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program’s 2000 Freshman Survey and 2004 Follow‐Up Survey. The sample includes 1031 White and 739 Black football and basketball players attending predominantly White institutions. Regression results indicate that the impact of the contact or interaction is to some extent contingent upon the specific nature of the interaction for Black and White male student athletes. The findings also suggest that Black and White male student athletes did not benefit equally from their interactions with faculty. Finally, the implications of these findings are discussed among student athletes, faculty and student affairs leaders in order to improve male Black and White student athlete–faculty communication, as well as enrich their overall college experience.
Transition From School to Integrated Communities

Research on employment, residential, and social outcomes of youth transitioning from school to adulthood is reviewed. Results of follow-up studies show that only a few youths with disabilities are employed after leaving school. Further, these young adults are even less integrated into employment, independent living, and community activities as they age. The variables that may enhance selected community integration outcomes are also discussed. Variables that may enhance transition efforts include work experience in the community, good interpersonal skills, family involvement, and support from others. Finally, future directions for special education are discussed.
Afterlife : A Distributed and Recoverable File System Based on a Unified Approach to Logging

We present a distributed and recoverable file system called Afterlife that only requires a single replicated log to recover from failures in both the file system layer and the storage layer. Based on this unified log, we devise recovery procedures for both file server and block server failures that can run as background processes while the file system continues serving incoming requests. Batch flushing of log records mitigates the performance impact of logging. Our design allows the batch flushing to be integrated with the file server block cache consistency scheme and lazy lock release scheme. Multiple identical block server replicas enable high performance file system read operations and provide availability in the face of failure. We evaluate their performance on our Afterlife prototype of three block servers and two file servers, and show that logging and data replication incurs only a factor of 10 performance versus a conventional NFS file server.
EEG Power Spectra Changes and Forebrain Ischemia in Rats

Background: Several animal models of cerebral ischemia have been developed to investigate both pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment. The aim of this study was to verify the prognostic value of EEG power spectra analysis in a two-vessel plus hypotension rat model of transient global ischemia. Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs) were subjected to 20 min bilateral common carotid artery occlusion plus hypotension by sodium nitroprusside followed by reperfusion for seven days. Sham-operated animals served as controls. The changes after ischemia in EEG power spectra, and their relations with neuronal damage and astrocytic response were investigated. Results: The EEG analysis revealed that in SHRs and WKYs, ischemia produced a dramatic increase in delta activity and a decrease in theta, beta and alpha activities derived from both cortical and hippocampal areas. EEG activity reverted to normal values more quickly in WKYs than in SHRs which did not recover cortical and hippocampal alpha and beta activities even at six days of reperfusion. SHRs presented more severe damage and intense astrocytosis than WKYs in almost all the brain regions analyzed. In SHRs, hippocampal delta activity was positively correlated with the degree of neuronal necrosis and astrocytic activation, whereas theta, alpha and beta activities correlated negatively. No correlations were found in WKYs. Conclusions: These data indicate that the hippocampal bioelectrical activity recorded in SHRs from the beginning of reperfusion could be useful for predicting the ischemic outcome and evaluating the effects of pharmacological interventions.
Encouraging Imagination and Creativity in the Teaching Profession

In this article it is argued that an important task of career-long teacher education is the encouragement of imagination and creativity in experienced teachers. The task implies a reversal of the managerialism that currently afflicts so many European education systems. The article begins by giving an analysis of pedagogical relationships to expose some of the reasons that teaching is an extraordinarily complex activity, which it is difficult to do well. Indeed it is so complex that it is not something that can be learnt in advance of experience. Therefore early-career teachers need to develop their skills before they can become fully competent. However experience is not enough on its own. To become excellent — that is, more than proficient — requires a career-long commitment to self-cultivation as teachers. Part of the reason that the commitment needs to be career-long is that teaching contexts are in a continual state of change, and teachers need to adapt through a process of self-cultivation.
Association Between Cataract and the Degree of Obesity

Purpose To investigate the association between the degree of obesity and cataract. Methods We examined 3248 subjects (1421 men and 1827 women) aged 50 years and older who did not have a previous cataract operation. Data were derived from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009). Cataract was evaluated by using Lens Opacities Classification System III. Body mass index was categorized into four groups (underweight, <18.5 kg/m2; normal weight, 18.5 to 22.9 kg/m2; overweight, 23.0 to 24.9 kg/m2; and obese, ≥25.0 kg/m2). Association between the degree of obesity and cataract was evaluated using logistic regression analyses with adjustments of age, the total pack-years of cigarettes smoked, the amount of pure alcohol (g) consumed per day, daily time spent in vigorous physical activity, diabetes mellitus, sunlight exposure, education level, and income. Results Compared with the normal-weight group, the overweight group had significantly lower risk of any type of cataract (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.50 to 0.97) in men and (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.51 to 0.97) in women in the multiple logistic regression analyses. We could not find any unusual lifestyles or metabolic risks for explaining this low cataract prevalence in the overweight groups. However, nutrient intakes (e.g., vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin C, and vitamin A) were highest in the overweight group. Conclusions The overweight group had significantly lower risk of cataract formation than the normal-weight group in Korean population.
Writing in English in Malaysian High Schools: The Discourse of Examinations

English is taught as a second language and compulsory subject in Malaysian secondary schools. Writing is one of the four language skills taught and tested. At the upper secondary school level, students write a variety of text types, most of which conform to examination genres. Given a learning context that is examination-driven and teacher-centred, how do students accomplish their writing tasks in a non-negotiable writing curriculum? Embedding the classroom in a larger social and cultural context, this study demonstrates how some students responded to teacher instructions such as ‘read, understand, interpret, do’ and ‘I want all your papers when the bell rings’. Data were taken from student interviews, teacher interviews, students' written products and classroom observations of writing lessons over the second half of the school year. Findings from the study show that the students' focus on acceptable writing for school and examination purposes did not encourage them to develop their writing skills beyond these requirements, but to adopt a range of pragmatic and expedient tactics.
Adolescents' mobility histories and present social adjustment

This study compared three groups of high school students: frequent movers (6 to 13 relocations), moderate movers (3 to 5 relocations), and nonmovers on depression, appraised social support, and participation in extracurricular activities. The sample was examined further according to the primary reason for relocation, the timing (before or after the seventh grade), and whether student shyness, socioeconomic status (SES), and family cohesion influenced any potential effects. Despite methodological improvements over past research including the exclusion of students who recently moved or reported other current stressors, few significant effects were obtained. Findings did reveal that students whose families relocated because of divorce and those who experienced early life relocations had lower levels of participation in extracurricular activities. Students reported less negative effects of relocation than did their mothers. Further, mothers' negative attitudes toward relocation were significantly correlated with student depression. It is concluded that there is little current or prior research evidence that high rates of social mobility are associated with long-term social adjustment problems for adolescents. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A posteriori updates for adaptive filters

In adaptive FIR filters, the least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive algorithm uses the a priori error signal to update the filter coefficients. We study the forms and properties of a posteriori adaptive filter coefficient's updates in a general context. We provide a technique by which the stability of an adaptive filter's coefficient update can be easily analyzed using the relationship between the a priori and a posteriori error signals. Using this knowledge, we then develop methods for choosing the algorithm step size to guarantee the robustness and stability of the system and to provide fast adaptation behavior. Simulations verify the usefulness of a posteriori-error-based adaptive algorithms for unbiased adaptive IIR filtering.
MILCut: A Sweeping Line Multiple Instance Learning Paradigm for Interactive Image Segmentation

Interactive segmentation, in which a user provides a bounding box to an object of interest for image segmentation, has been applied to a variety of applications in image editing, crowdsourcing, computer vision, and medical imaging. The challenge of this semi-automatic image segmentation task lies in dealing with the uncertainty of the foreground object within a bounding box. Here, we formulate the interactive segmentation problem as a multiple instance learning (MIL) task by generating positive bags from pixels of sweeping lines within a bounding box. We name this approach MILCut. We provide a justification to our formulation and develop an algorithm with significant performance and efficiency gain over existing state-of-the-art systems. Extensive experiments demonstrate the evident advantage of our approach.