Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The psychophysics of cold pressor pain and its modification through hypnotic suggestion.

Earlier reports of the pain of putting hand and forearm in circulating ice water were recomputed to study how subjects scale that pain and to find appropriate measures of its reduction under hypnotic analgesia. The numerical scaling (0 to 10, open at the top) tended to follow a power function with time (5-sec intervals from immersion), sometimes requiring a new exponent at high reported values. Changes in water temperature led to power functions differing in slope, while hypnotic analgesia and hallucinated pain led instead to power functions differing primarily in intercept value. Hypnotic analgesia, then, acted as a 'filter' between stimulus and response, and was best measured by ratio scores when comparing responses by separate groups of subjects. The cold pressor response has been widely used in the laboratory investigation of pain ever since its introduction by Hines and Brown (1932). Interest has commonly centered on vasomotor or other physiological correlates, but there have all along been some studies in which the verbal responses to pain have been given careful quantitative study (e.g., Wolf and Hardy, 1941). The present report uses data from several previous experiments, in which physiological measures (heart rate, blood pressure) were also recorded, but it concentrates on a new analysis of the verbal responses to cold pressor pain as a function of time in the water, of water temperature, and of hypnotic suggestion, and on some effects of attempts to anchor the scale in order to lead to more uniform reporting from subject to subject.
Conflicts and cooperation in the mountainous Mapuche territory (Argentina) The case of the Nahuel Huapi National Park

Over the past two decades, indigenous issues have become a major concern for different countries all over the world. Argentina is one of these countries, with 600 000 people who recognize themselves as indigenous, representing 1.5% of the nation’s entire population. Nevertheless, these populations are still too often marginalized on a regional scale. This is the case for the Mapuche in the Nahuel Huapi National Park, located in the two provinces of Rio Negro and Neuquen. Even though both international and some national texts rehabilitate essential human rights for these populations, local realities are more contrasted due to regional stakeholders’ divergent interests. In the particular context of Argentina, where a large part of the population faces problems gaining access to land, national parks have emerged as a relevant tool for indigenous peoples to recover their ancestral lands, especially thanks to a new process taking place in these territories: co-management.
Discreteness effects in cosmological N-body simulations

An estimate of the convergence radius of a simulated cold dark matter halo is obtained under the assumption that the peak phase-space density in the system is set by discreteness effects that operate prior to relaxation. The predicted convergence radii are approximately a factor of 2 larger than those estimated for numerical convergence studies. A toy model is used to study the formation of sheets of the cosmic web, from which dark matter haloes form later. This model demonstrates the interplay between phase mixing and violent relaxation that must also be characteristic of spherical collapse. In the limit in which sheets contain arbitrarily many particles, it seems that power-law profiles are established in both distance and energy. When only a finite number of particles are employed, relaxation is prematurely terminated and the power laws are broken. In a given simulation, the sheets with the highest peak phase-space densities are those that form from the longest waves. Hence simulations with little small-scale power are expected to form the cuspiest haloes.
A Cost-Effective LSH Filter for Fast Pairwise Mining

The pairwise mining problem is to discover pairwise objects having measures greater than the user-specified minimum threshold from a collection of objects. It is essential in a large variety of database and data-mining applications. Of late, there has been increasing interest in applying a Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH) scheme for pairwise mining. LSH-type methods have shown themselves to be simply implementable and capable of achieving significant performance gain in running time over most exact methods. However, the present LSH-type methods still suffer from some bottlenecks, such as ”the curse of threshold”. In this paper, we proposed a novel LSHbased method, namely Cost-effective LSH filter (Ce-LSH for short), for pairwise mining. Compared with previous LSH-type methods, it uses a lower fixed number of LSH functions and is thus more cost-effective. Substantial experiments evidence that our method gives significant improvement in running time over existing LSH-type methods and some recently reported method based on upper-bound. Experimental results also indicate that it scales well even for a relatively low minimum threshold and for a fairly small miss ratio.
Research Note: Individual Differences in Perceptions of Internet Communication

Drawing on a survey among 687 adolescents, this article investigates to what extent their perceptions of internet communication differ and what background variables (i.e. age, gender, social anxiety, loneliness, need for affiliation) underlie these differences. The analysis focuses on how adolescents perceive the controllability, reciprocity, breadth and depth of internet communication in comparison with face-to-face communication. Younger, socially anxious and lonely adolescents more strongly value the controllability of internet communication and perceive it as broader, deeper and more reciprocal than older, non-socially anxious and non-lonely adolescent respondents. Boys perceive internet communication as more reciprocal than girls do. The greater the adolescents’ need for affiliation, the more often they regard internet communication as deeper than face-to- face communication. The findings suggest that a stronger focus on perceptions of internet communication may improve understanding of the internet as a social medium.
Geographies of death: an intersectional analysis of police lethality and the racialized regimes of citizenship in São Paulo

Abstract This paper presents an intersectional analysis of police lethality in the city of São Paulo. We deploy the concept of geography of death to investigate the multi-layered aspects of state-sanctioned lethal violence perpetrated by, but not limited to, the police force. This entails a consideration of at least three types of factor: actual violent acts, their symbolic dimensions and the historical and structural conditions within which violence emerges. Based on official data from the Brazilian state we argue that there is a perverse correlation between vulnerability to death and new racial formations, as they intersect with social class, age, gender, and place. Thus, the distinctive social geographies of São Paulo not only provide the context, but also define the very nature, frequency and experience of police violence. Ultimately, we argue, police lethality is a manifestation of the police and the state's complicity in reproducing boundaries of privilege and exclusion.
Infant mortality among singletons and twins in the United States during 2 decades: effects of maternal age.

OBJECTIVE Whereas it is well-established that maternal age has a U-shaped relationship with infant mortality among singletons, effects on the risk of mortality among multiple births remains unexplored. If there is a relationship, then assessment of maternal age may identify pregnancies and births that should be targeted by both clinical and public health interventions. The objective of this study was to characterize the relationship between maternal age and infant mortality in singleton and twin births in the United States. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all live births (singleton: n = 22 546 718; twin: n = 535 544) in the United States in 1985-1986, 1990-1991, and 1995-1996. Risks and relative risks for infant deaths by maternal age before and after adjustments for birth cohort, gravidity, birth weight, and gestational age were measured. RESULTS Maternal age had a U-shaped association with mortality among singletons, with highest rates seen at extremes of age. Among twins, however, there was a steep and inverse relationship between age and mortality, with those born to young mothers experiencing the highest mortality rates. Seven percent of twin births resulted in an infant death for women who were younger than 20 years, 2.7% for those 30 to 34 years, and 2.0% for women 40 to 49 years. Even after adjustments for gravidity, birth weight, and gestational age, these trends persisted. Additional examination by timing of death indicated that this relationship was primarily a function of postneonatal rather than neonatal mortality. CONCLUSIONS The highest mortality among twins occurred to women who delivered in their teens and early 20s. The implications of these findings, both from a clinical and a public health perspective, deserve attention.
Cloud Condensation Nuclei on the Atlantic Seaboard of the United States

Concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei measured along the East Coast from Virginia to Long Island ranged from 1000 to 3500 per cubic centimeter as compared to 100 per cubic centimeter in clean maritime air and 300 per cubic centimeter in continental air. The global anthropogenic production rate of cloud condensation nuclei may be comparable to the natural production rate; in some industrial areas cloud condensation nuclei are dominated by anthropogenic sources.
Transforming Couples and Families: A Trans-Formative Therapeutic Model for Working with the Loved-Ones of Gender-Divergent Youth and Trans-Identified Adults

ABSTRACT The recent emergence of gender-divergent youth and trans-identified adults presenting in therapy, in tandem with the scant clinical work with their partners and families, indicates a serious gap in the research literature. In addition, there is a critical need for an increase of clinically-sensitive and culturally-competent therapists who can provide support for these transforming couples and families. To be effective, such treatment interventions must be grounded in a sound body of gender-diverse and transgender knowledge. This paper identifies a number of clinical issues experienced by gender-normative partners and family members (who are often an integral part of the transforming process) who are working towards acceptance of their gender-anormative loved-ones. Effective psychotherapeutic and psychoeducational interventions to help meet the challenges facing these transforming families and couples are outlined by means of the author's Trans-formative Therapeutic Model (TfTM). The model demonstrates ways to support the partner or family member(s) in conjunction with the trans-identified or gender-divergent loved-one as a cohesive and dynamic systemic unit. Specific clinical application of the TfTM are illustrated through a case study of a young gender-divergent child and hir family.
Survival Trends in Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrests: An Analysis From Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation

Background— Despite ongoing efforts to improve the quality of pediatric resuscitation, it remains unknown whether survival in children with in-hospital cardiac arrest has improved. Methods and Results— Between 2000 and 2009, we identified children (<18 years of age) with an in-hospital cardiac arrest at hospitals with >3 years of participation and >5 cases annually within the national Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation registry. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine temporal trends in survival to discharge. We also explored whether trends in survival were attributable to improvement in acute resuscitation or postresuscitation care and examined trends in neurological disability among survivors. Among 1031 children at 12 hospitals, the initial cardiac arrest rhythm was asystole and pulseless electrical activity in 874 children (84.8%) and ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia in 157 children (15.2%), with an increase in cardiac arrests due to pulseless electrical activity over time (P for trend <0.001). Risk-adjusted rates of survival to discharge increased from 14.3% in 2000 to 43.4% in 2009 (adjusted rate ratio per year, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.16; P for trend=0.02). Improvement in survival was driven largely by an improvement in acute resuscitation survival (risk-adjusted rates: 42.9% in 2000, 81.2% in 2009; adjusted rate ratio per year: 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.08; P for trend=0.006). Moreover, survival trends were not accompanied by higher rates of neurological disability among survivors over time (unadjusted P for trend=0.32), suggesting an overall increase in the number of survivors without neurological disability over time. Conclusions— Rates of survival to hospital discharge in children with in-hospital cardiac arrests have improved over the past decade without higher rates of neurological disability among survivors.
Contracts made manifest

Since Findler and Felleisen introduced <i>higher-order contracts </i>, many variants have been proposed. Broadly, these fall into two groups: some follow Findler and Felleisen in using <i>latent </i> contracts, purely dynamic checks that are transparent to the type system; others use <i>manifest </i> contracts, where <i>refinement </i> types record the most recent check that has been applied to each value. These two approaches are commonly assumed to be equivalent---different ways of implementing the same idea, one retaining a simple type system, and the other providing more static information. Our goal is to formalize and clarify this folklore understanding. Our work extends that of Gronski and Flanagan, who defined a latent calculus λ <sub>C </sub> and a manifest calculus λ <sub>H </sub>, gave a translation φ from λ <sub>C </sub> to λ <sub>H </sub>, and proved that, if a λ <sub>C </sub> term reduces to a constant, then so does its φ-image. We enrich their account with a translation Ψ from λ <sub>H </sub> to λ <sub>C </sub> and prove an analogous theorem. We then generalize the whole framework to <i>dependent contracts </i>, whose predicates can mention free variables. This extension is both pragmatically crucial, supporting a much more interesting range of contracts, and theoretically challenging. We define dependent versions of λ <sub>H </sub> and two dialects ("lax" and "picky") of λ <sub>C </sub>, establish type soundness---a substantial result in itself, for λ <sub>H </sub>---and extend φ and Ψ accordingly. Surprisingly, the intuition that the latent and manifest systems are equivalent now breaks down: the extended translations preserve behavior in one direction but, in the other, sometimes yield terms that blame more.
Collecting and leveraging a benchmark of build system clones to aid in quality assessments

Build systems specify how sources are transformed into deliverables, and hence must be carefully maintained to ensure that deliverables are assembled correctly. Similar to source code, build systems tend to grow in complexity unless specifications are refactored. This paper describes how clone detection can aid in quality assessments that determine if and where build refactoring effort should be applied. We gauge cloning rates in build systems by collecting and analyzing a benchmark comprising 3,872 build systems. Analysis of the benchmark reveals that: (1) build systems tend to have higher cloning rates than other software artifacts, (2) recent build technologies tend to be more prone to cloning, especially of configuration details like API dependencies, than older technologies, and (3) build systems that have fewer clones achieve higher levels of reuse via mechanisms not offered by build technologies. Our findings aided in refactoring a large industrial build system containing 1.1 million lines.
Genital Warts: Canadians’ Perception, Health-Related Behaviors, and Treatment Preferences

Objective The study aimed to gauge the perceptions of Canadians toward genital warts, related health behaviors, and treatment preferences. Materials and Methods An online survey supported by an unrestricted grant from Graceway Canada was conducted in February 2011 by Leger Marketing. It included 9 demographic questions and 17 questions relating to genital wart perception (2 multiple-choice, 15 four-point rating from strongly agree to strongly disagree). Results The survey was completed by 1520 Canadian adults aged 18 to older than 75 years, of whom 52% (786/1520) were female. Fifty-two percent of respondents stated that they would monitor an unrecognized spot on their genitals, and only seek medical assistance if it did not go away. Only 43% (652/1520) said that they would stop having sex until the spots were gone. Although only 10% (158/1520) of respondents stated that they would not inform their partner, this was much higher among men (14%, 103/734) than women (7%, 55/786), with p ⩽ . 01. Concerns of being judged by friends/family were high (44%, 669/1520), especially among younger (18–34 y) Canadians (60%), with p ⩽ . 05. Regarding prevention, 32% (493/1520) of respondents believed that monogamy would protect against genital warts and 25% (373/1520) believed they are not at risk if they use a condom. Treatment preference was in favor of a cream rather than an “invasive” treatment (58%, 886/1520), particularly among younger (67%, 283/425, p ⩽ .05) and male respondents (63%, 464/734, p ⩽ .01). Sixty percent (921/1520) would worry that genital warts could not be resolved; and 44% (668/1520), that they would recur. Conclusions Among Canadians, genital warts were associated with a fair degree of social stigma and potential negative impact on their psyche, especially for younger Canadians.
NEW FINDINGS CONCERNING THE EXCHANGE OF SENSIBLE HEAT AND WATER VAPOR OVER THE OCEAN

The exchange of sensible and latent heat at the sea surface has been studied with the aid of a comprehensive data set from the marine site Ostergarnsholm in the Baltic Sea, with additional data from another site in the Baltic Sea, Nasskar. The measurements include turbulent flux at about 10 m above the water surface, profile data of temperature and wind at several levels on towers, sea surface temperature and wave data. The Stanton number, CH was found to follow predictions from surface-renewal theory quite well for unstable conditions up to a wind speed of about 10 ms-1. For higher wind speed, the experimental data deviate to an increasing degree from the prediction based on surface-renewal theory, giving about 30% higher values at 14 ms-1and 50% higher values at 16 ms-1. For wind speed less than 10 ms-1, co-spectra of heat flux have the same shape as found over land with one peak at a fairly low frequency (~10-2 Hz). For increasing wind speed, a secondary maximum around 0.5 Hz is forming. The ratio between the spectral values of the high frequency peak and the low-frequency peak is found to be a strong function of significant wave height, Hs, being as high as 2 for Hs > 2.5 m. The interpretation is made that spray is the cause of the rapid increase of heat exchange with wind speed above c. 10 ms-1. In a plot of CH against stability, z/L, the data show a jump at neutral stratification from about 2 on the unstable side to 0.5 in stable air. For stable conditions, CH-data are widely scattered, It appears though as if the data have an approximate upper bound given by surface-renewal theory. It is demonstrated that at least some of the strong suppression of the flux of sensible heat during stable conditions and low wind speed can be explained as a shear sheltering effect caused by the presence of a wind maximum at a low height. For wind speed above 10 ms-1, the spray-mediated sensible heat flux is lowering the negative heat flux, thus giving a lower CH. The combination of those two mechanisms gives a low mean value of CH for the entire stable range and explains the ‘jump’ at neutral stratification. The exchange coefficient for humidity, CE behaves in much the same way as the Stanton number. Because of the failure of Monin-Obukhov theory over the sea, the conventional way to reduce CH and CE to their neutral values cannot be used.
Measuring Attitudinal Change in Mathematics and English Over the 1st Year of Junior High School: A Multidimensional Analysis

Abstract Changes in student self- and task evaluations, subjective valuation, and achievement behavior in mathematics and English over the 1st year of junior high form the basis of this study. The transition to junior high has been found to negatively affect students' self-concept and subjective valuation in mathematics and English, but previous research has not addressed changes in task evaluations and achievement behaviors. Gender and level of academic achievement effects are also relevant to the nature of changes in student attitudes. The participants (N =400) were from 3 coeducational Australian government schools in metropolitan Sydney of comparable socioeconomic status. When changes in perceptions occurred, they were negative, and gender differences favored boys in mathematics and girls in English. However, the nature and extent of change was dependent on school and level of achievement.
structure of MySpace How the online social networks are used: dialogues-based

References http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/10/79/20120819.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 31 articles, 5 of which can be accessed free Subject collections (41 articles) medical physics  (49 articles) mathematical physics  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the top
Effects of the Big Five personality dimensions on appraisal coping, and coping effectiveness in sport

Abstract In this study, we examined the influence of the Big Five personality dimensions (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience) on the appraisal (intensity, control) of a self-selected stressor, coping, and perceived coping effectiveness. Participants were 482 athletes (305 males, 177 females) who played a variety of sports. Results indicate that the Big Five dimensions influenced coping selection, coping effectiveness, stress intensity, and perceived control of the stressors, but not the type of self-selected stressor. In particular, Neuroticism predicted higher stressor intensity and Agreeableness lower stressor intensity. Neuroticism predicted lower perceived stressor control and Conscientiousness higher perceived stressor control. Higher levels of Neuroticism were directly and indirectly associated with more emotion and avoidance coping strategies and less problem-focused coping strategies. The other four personality dimensions were also associated with the selection of coping strategies that were perceived to be effective. This study provides support for the notion that the Big Five personality dimensions directly influence appraisal, coping, and coping effectiveness among the sample. Coping was also influenced indirectly by personality through the appraisal process. The Neuroticism dimension was found to be associated with the selection of less adaptive coping strategies and lower levels of reported coping effectiveness. The other four personality dimensions were associated with more adaptive coping strategies that were rated as effective.