Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological events recorded at presynaptic terminals of the crayfish neuromuscular junction with a voltage indicator

The water‐soluble voltage indicator JPW1114 was used to stain thin axons and terminal varicosities of the crayfish neuromuscular junction. A slow, overnight injection protocol was developed to brightly stain fine structures without cytotoxicity. Fluorescence transients filtered at 2 kHz showed that the duration of terminal action potentials was shorter than that of those recorded in the main trunk of the axons. In addition, the repolarization phases of the terminal and axonal action potentials overlapped in time, suggesting that the entire axonal arborization repolarizes simultaneously. Manipulating resting membrane potential, ±15–20 mV, did not alter the peak level or duration of action potentials if they fired in isolation. A prolongation of action potential, by 23%, could be induced if a 10‐spike burst at 100 Hz was fired from depolarized membrane potential. No such change was observed when the high frequency train was fired from resting or hyperpolarized levels. Microelectrodes in the main trunk of axons typically recorded a depolarizing after‐potential (DAP) following an action potential initiated from resting membrane potential. The DAP could be inverted and enlarged by depolarization and hyperpolarization, respectively. Fluorescence transients recorded from terminals exhibited similar DAP characteristics. The ratio of DAP to action potential amplitude recorded from terminals was similar to that recorded from the main axon. Thus, the entire axonal arborization returned to resting level in a spatially uniform manner during the DAP. The functional significance of DAP is discussed in the light of these observations.
Dual-monoclonal, sandwich immunoassay specific for glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide1-42, the active form of the incretin hormone.

BACKGROUND Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) is an incretin peptide secreted by intestinal K cells that stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. It is secreted as an active, intact 42-amino acid peptide GIP(1-42), which is rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 to GIP(3-42), which is inactive. There is currently no described monoclonal antibody-based sandwich immunoassay to quantify concentrations of GIP(1-42), the active form of the peptide. METHODS To create a sandwich ELISA for GIP(1-42), we generated a monoclonal antibody specific for the intact N-terminus of the peptide, which was further optimized to increase its affinity. We used this antibody as a conjugate antibody in a sandwich ELISA and paired it with an anti-total GIP capture monoclonal antibody to create a dual monoclonal sandwich ELISA for GIP(1-42). RESULTS The sandwich ELISA was highly specific for GIP(1-42) and did not recognize GIP(3-42). The ELISA demonstrated a broad dynamic range and a lower limit of quantification of 5 ng/L. Using the ELISA, we were able to show that GIP(1-42) concentrations in healthy volunteers increased dramatically in the postprandial state compared to the fasting state. GIP(1-42) values were correlated with total GIP values overall; however, there was substantial interindividual variation. CONCLUSIONS The use of an N-terminal-specific monoclonal antibody in a sandwich ELISA format provides a robust and convenient method for measuring concentrations of GIP(1-42), the active form of the incretin hormone. This ELISA should help to improve our understanding of the role of GIP(1-42) in regulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion.
Combining State Assignment with PLA Folding

The problem of minimizing the area of a fwo-level implementation of a finite state machine(FSM comreduced to that of jindiyg suitable length encoding for the states, inputs land 0:utpuis of an FSM, such that the resultant area is minimized by pair-wise row folding and symbolic minimizafion. An algorithm is proposed for maximizing the number of pairwise row folds. Experimental resuli! s have ielded areas averaging 17% less fhan those of 1VOVA b].
Birthdays, Schooling, and Crime: Regression-Discontinuity Analysis of School Performance, Delinquency, Dropout, and Crime Initiation

Dropouts have high crime rates, but is there a direct causal link? This study, utilizing administrative data for six cohorts of public school children in North Carolina, demonstrates that those born just after the cut date for enrolling in public kindergarten are more likely to drop out of high school before graduation and to commit a felony offense by age 19. We present suggestive evidence that dropout mediates criminal involvement. Paradoxically, these late-entry students outperform their grade peers academically while still in school, which helps account for the fact that they are less likely to become juvenile delinquents. (JEL H75, I21, J13, J24, K42)
Syria in the Arab Spring: The integration of Syria’s conflict with the Arab uprisings, 2011–2013

How did Syria’s conflict interact with the broader wave of regional protest known as the Arab Spring? This article uses a unique, complete Twitter dataset of tweets including the word “Syria” in English or Arabic to empirically test how Syria’s conflict was discussed online. The analysis shows a high level of interaction between Syria and other Arab countries through 2011. Other Arab countries experiencing popular protests (“Arab Spring countries”) were referenced far more often in 2011 than were Syria’s immediate neighbors, while keyword analysis shows the framing of the conflict in terms of Syria’s “regime” aligned the conflict with other Arab uprisings. In 2012–2013 this changed sharply, with significantly fewer mentions of other Arab countries, particularly Arab Spring countries, more fundraising and political appeals across the Gulf, and growing Islamization. These findings offer one of the first empirical demonstrations of the integration and disintegration of a unified Arab discourse from 2011 to 2013, with significant implications for theories of the diffusion of protest and ideas.
Identification and Characterization of an Isoform Antifreeze Protein from the Antarctic Marine Diatom, Chaetoceros neogracile and Suggestion of the Core Region

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) protecting the cells against freezing are produced in response to extremely low temperatures in diverse psychrophilic organisms, and they are encoded by multiple gene families. The AFP of Antarctic marine diatom Chaetoceros neogracile is reported in our previous research, but like other microalgae, was considered to probably have additional genes coding AFPs. In this paper, we reported the cloning and characterization of additional AFP gene from C. neogracile (Cn-isoAFP). Cn-isoAFP protein is 74.6% identical to the previously reported Cn-AFP. The promoter sequence of Cn-isoAFP contains environmental stress responsive elements for cold, thermal, and high light conditions. Cn-isoAFP transcription levels increased dramatically when cells were exposed to freezing (−20 °C), thermal (10 °C), or high light (600 μmol photon m−2 s−1) stresses. The thermal hysteresis (TH) activity of recombinant Cn-isoAFP was 0.8 °C at a protein concentration of 5 mg/mL. Results from homology modeling and TH activity analysis of site-directed mutant proteins elucidated AFP mechanism to be a result of flatness of B-face maintained via hydrophobic interactions.
The modern does not cater for natives

As a response to editors Adrian Franklin and Mike Crang’s outline of ‘the trouble with tourism and travel theory’, this article sketches some further troubles. It is argued that researchers have adopted modernist spatio-temporal distinctions that reproduce a singularity of the Tourist-as-Westerner. Meanwhile non-Westerners are mostly seen as immobile pre-modern participants of Western tourism. As non-Western tourism involves considerably more people than Western tourism, tourism theories on the whole do not necessarily fit most tourists of the world today, and they may even serve to re-enforce the global geopolitical hierarchy. Illustrated with ethnographic examples from Vietnam, it is suggested that a radical questioning of autocentric spatio-temporal distinctions is needed to arrive at a more heterogeneous and complex view of both modernity and tourism. While this will open up the field of inquiry, a sensitivity to socio-cultural diversities and, more importantly, global inequalities and the situated knowledge production is needed.
Application of Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma

We report 3 cases of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) effectively managed with intravitreal bevacizumab. One patient (case 1) who had recurrent CCH (1.6 mm in thickness) with prior laser photocoagulation was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab alone. Two patients (case 2 and 3) who had CCH (2.4 mm and 2.2 mm in thickness, respectively) with recent visual impairment were treated with bevacizumab followed by photodynamic therapy (PDT). Ophthalmic evaluations included visual acuity, ophthalmoscopic examination, fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography, and optical coherence tomography. Patients were followed up for 6-9 months. After therapy, all patients showed improved visual acuity due to complete resorption of subretinal fluid and macular edema. Ultrasonography demonstrated a reduction of the thickness of CCH in case 1 and complete regression of the lesions in case 2 and 3. No patient showed tumor recurrence. Intravitreal bevacizumab, alone or in combination therapy with PDT, may be a useful alternative for the treatment of symptomatic CCH with subretinal fluid.
Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Evaluating Multidimensional Visualizations for Decision Support

We explore how to rigorously evaluate multidimensional visualizations for their ability to support decision making. We first define multi-attribute choice tasks, a type of decision task commonly performed with such visualizations. We then identify which of the existing multidimensional visualizations are compatible with such tasks, and set out to evaluate three elementary visualizations: parallel coordinates, scatterplot matrices and tabular visualizations. Our method consists in first giving participants low-level analytic tasks, in order to ensure that they properly understood the visualizations and their interactions. Participants are then given multi-attribute choice tasks consisting of choosing holiday packages. We assess decision support through multiple objective and subjective metrics, including a decision accuracy metric based on the consistency between the choice made and self-reported preferences for attributes. We found the three visualizations to be comparable on most metrics, with a slight advantage for tabular visualizations. In particular, tabular visualizations allow participants to reach decisions faster. Thus, although decision time is typically not central in assessing decision support, it can be used as a tie-breaker when visualizations achieve similar decision accuracy. Our results also suggest that indirect methods for assessing choice confidence may allow to better distinguish between visualizations than direct ones. We finally discuss the limitations of our methods and directions for future work, such as the need for more sensitive metrics of decision support.
PENGARUH IKLIM ORGANISASI DAN MOTIVASI KERJA PADA KEPUASAN KERJA PEGAWAI BALAI WILAYAH SUNGAI BALI - PENIDA

Job satisfaction is a pleasant emotional state employees are reflected by the positive attitude of employees towards work. So that employees have a high level of job satisfaction, an organization needs to consider factors that affect job satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of organizational climate and work motivation on employee job satisfaction. This research was conducted at the Center for River Basin Bali -Penida. The number of samples taken are 139 people with a simple random sampling method. Data collected through interviews, observations and questionnaires. Data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. Based on the analysis found that partial organizational climate and work motivation positive and significant impact on job satisfaction of employees in the Central River Region Bali - Penida. These results indicate that the better the organizational climate of job satisfaction will increase, so does the motivation to work, the higher the work motivation job satisfaction increases.
Perceived external prestige and internal respect: New insights into the organizational identification process

The group engagement model (Tyler & Blader, 2003) suggests that identification with one's organization is based not only on the individual's evaluation of the status of the organization (i.e. perceived external prestige), but also the individual's evaluation of their own status within the organization (i.e. perceived internal respect). Using data drawn from three different sources (subordinates, supervisors, and company records), results from a sample of healthcare employees (n = 205) provide support for the core relationships proposed in the group engagement model and extend the model by showing that prestige and respect have different antecedents. The perceived status of the organization's employees, the organization's perceived success in achieving its goals, the visibility of the organization, and the status level of the individual employee were all associated with perceived external prestige. The results also indicate that visibility within the organization, perceived opportunities for growth, and participation in decision-making were all related to perceived respect. Further, prestige and respect were directly related to organizational identification, but only indirectly related to organization-supportive behavior. These results extend the group engagement model in that we utilize a form of supportive behavior that focuses upon constructive change (i.e. voice behavior; Van Dyne & LePine, 1998), rather than the helpful, but status quo maintaining behavior.
Asymmetric visually evoked potentials in human albinos: evidence for visual system anomalies.

Behavioral, anatomic, and electrophysiologic studies indicate that the nondecussated optic system is functionally incompetent and anatomically disorganized in albino animals. The number of nondecussated optic nerve fibers from the retina to the lateral geniculate nuclei, pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculi is significantly reduced in albino mammals, and the laminae of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus are abnormal. Visually evoked potentials were recorded from both hemispheres of human albinos of four different genotypes and from normally pigmented human beings under conditions of binocular and monocular illumination. There was a significant asymmetry between the evoked potentiab recorded from each hemisphere of monocularly illuminated human albinos, as compared to normally pigmented human beings. The data suggest that there is a disorganization of the nondecussated optic fibers in the human albino similar to that observed in other albino mammals. The abnormalities of the nondecussated optic system are apparently associated with several forms of albinism which result in retinal hypopigmentation.
STEKLOV SPECTRUM AND NONRESONANCE FOR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS WITH NONLINEAR BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

This article is devoted to the solvability of second order elliptic partial dierential equations with nonlinear boundary conditions. We prove existence results when the nonlinearity on the boundary interacts, in some sense, with the Steklov spectrum. We obtain nonresonance results below the first Steklov eigenvalue as well as between two consecutive Steklov eigenvalues. Our method of proof is variational and relies mainly on minimax methods in critical point theory.
Honesty and Intermediation: Corporate Cheating, Auditor Involvement and the Implications for Takeoff

We examine honesty and credible auditing in firm-investor relations in a repeated game of imperfect information, embedded in a general equilibrium framework. Informed auditors enhance credibility over a range of audit fees – despite the auditor’s incentive to collude – provided the probability of detection is imperfectly correlated across clients. Auditing can enhance growth especially for a relatively egalitarian distribution of wealth. We show that audit fees must be neither too high nor too low to enhance client credibility, highlight the role of mandatory audit fee disclosure, interpret international differences in shareholding patterns and uncover a possible rationale for audit industry concentration.
Increased neutrophil adherence and adhesion molecule mRNA expression in endothelial cells during selenium deficiency

Leukocyte aggregation and activation on endothelial cells (EC) are important preliminary events in leukocyte migration into tissue and subsequent inflammation. Thus, an increase in leukocyte adherence has the potential to affect inflammatory disease outcome. Selenium (Se) is an integral part of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and plays an important role in the maintenance of the redox state of a cell. Se supplementation in the bovine has been shown to improve the outcome of acute mastitis caused by coliform bacteria, in part by enhancing the speed of neutrophil migration into the affected mammary gland. However, the mechanisms by which Se modulates neutrophil migration have not been elucidated. Therefore, an in vitro model of Se deficiency in primary bovine mammary artery EC was used to examine the impact of Se status on the adhesive properties of EC. The effect of Se on functional activities was examined by measuring neutrophil adherence to Se‐deficient and Se‐supplemented EC. Se‐deficient EC showed significantly enhanced neutrophil adherence when stimulated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) for 4 or 24 h, interleukin‐1 for 12 h, or H2O2 for 20 min (P < 0.05). To determine the mechanisms underlying these changes in neutrophil adherence, the expression of EC adhesion molecules, ICAM‐1, E‐selectin, and P‐selectin were examined at the molecular level by a competitive reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Results revealed higher mRNA expression for E‐selectin and ICAM‐1 in Se‐deficient EC stimulated with TNF‐α for 3 and 6 h, and greater expression of P‐selectin mRNA in Se‐supplemented EC with 3‐h TNF‐α stimulation. These studies provide new information to establish the role of Se nutrition in the initiation of leukocyte adherence to endothelium. J. Leukoc. Biol. 65: 658–664; 1999.
Experimental Exploration of Metal Cable as Reinforcement in 3D Printed Concrete

The Material Deposition Method (MDM) is enjoying increasing attention as an additive method to create concrete mortar structures characterised by a high degree of form-freedom, a lack of geometrical repetition, and automated construction. Several small-scale structures have been realised around the world, or are under preparation. However, the nature of this construction method is unsuitable for conventional reinforcement methods to achieve ductile failure behaviour. Sometimes, this is solved by combining printing with conventional casting and reinforcing techniques. This study, however, explores an alternative strategy, namely to directly entrain a metal cable in the concrete filament during printing to serve as reinforcement. A device is introduced to apply the reinforcement. Several options for online reinforcement media are compared for printability. Considerations specific to the manufacturing process are discussed. Subsequently, pull-out tests on cast and printed specimens provide an initial characterisation of bond behaviour. Bending tests furthermore show the potential of this reinforcement method. The bond stress of cables in printed concrete was comparable to values reported for smooth rebar but lower than that of the same cables in cast concrete. The scatter in experimental results was high. When sufficient bond length is available, ductile failure behaviour for tension parallel to the filament direction can be achieved, even though cable slip occurs. Further improvements to the process should pave the way to achieve better post-crack resistance, as the concept in itself is feasible.
Governmentality and ‘fearless speech’: framing the education of asylum seeker and refugee children in Australia

This paper considers the educational provision for, and general treatment of, refugee and asylum seeker children in Australia, using a framework of governmentality. The paper describes the regimes of practices which govern refugees and asylum seekers in Australia, including mandatory detention and a complex set of visa categorisations, and considers their consequences for the educational provision for children. It addresses three questions: How is it possible that the rights of children have been rendered invisible in and by a democratic state? How are repressive and even violent practices normalised in a liberal state, so that ordinary citizens show so little concern about them? And what should our response be as educators and intellectuals? In conclusion, it explores Foucault’s notions of ethics and fearless speech (parrhesia) as a basis for an ethics of engagement in education.
Renal infarct: Contrast‐enhanced power Doppler sonographic findings

Power Doppler sonography (PDUS) is a promising technique for the diagnosis of renal infarcts. PDUS's efficacy may be enhanced by using sonographic contrast agents. We evaluated 3 cases of renal infarction using PDUS and the sonographic contrast agent Levovist. The findings were compared with those of other imaging modalities, such as scintigraphy, CT, and angiography. In case 1, PDUS showed a patent interlobar artery only in the lower part of the right kidney and no other perfusion of the right renal parenchyma. Contrast‐enhanced PDUS showed patchy areas of preserved perfusion in the lower and middle‐upper anterior portions of the kidney. In case 2, PDUS showed diffuse and patchy perfusion defects in the anterolateral portion of the right kidney. On contrast‐enhanced PDUS, no signal enhancement was seen in these areas, but the perfusion defects were better delineated. In case 3, PDUS showed no perfusion in the upper pole of the kidney; the nonperfused area extended to the posterior upper portion of the kidney but could not be distinguished from normal tissue. After injection of the contrast agent, there was no enhancement of the posterior extension of the upper pole infarct, but Doppler signals from the surrounding normal parenchyma were enhanced, so the area was more clearly demarcated. The administration of the contrast agent facilitated the visualization of the infarcts in all 3 cases. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:237–242, 2001.
A ï¿½Human Growthï¿½ Perspective on Organizational Resources and Firm Performance

We define immaterial satisfaction as the degree of wellbeing that workers derive from creativity, autonomy, and personal growth, overall self-fulfillment. These are dimensions of satisfaction that we relate, from American pragmatism, to the use of creative intelligence. The paper deals with the mediating role of immaterial satisfaction between organizational processes (defined by teamwork, on-the-job autonomy and involvement) and organizational performance (defined in terms of improvements in product quality and innovation). We address this relationship in the Italian social service sector. To this end, we implement a structural equation model including both observed and latent variables using a survey dataset that concerns 4134 workers and 320 not-for-profit social cooperatives. The analysis of direct, indirect and total effects in the structural model shows that autonomous innovation positively influences performance. It also shows that impact immaterial satisfaction adds to the impact of worker involvement in making involvement bear positively on performance, while it also reduces the negative impact of task-autonomy. Common method bias is controlled for by resorting to post-hoc testing and by introducing three distal sources of subjective data from directors, managers and paid workers