Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mast cells acquire MHCII from dendritic cells during skin inflammation

Mast cells (MCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) are essential innate sentinels populating host-environment interfaces. Using longitudinal intravital multiphoton microscopy of DCGFP/MCRFP reporter mice, we herein provide in vivo evidence that migratory DCs execute targeted cell-to-cell interactions with stationary MCs before leaving the inflamed skin to draining lymph nodes. During initial stages of skin inflammation, DCs dynamically scan MCs, whereas at a later stage, long-lasting interactions predominate. These innate-to-innate synapse-like contacts ultimately culminate in DC-to-MC molecule transfers including major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) proteins enabling subsequent ex vivo priming of allogeneic T cells with a specific cytokine signature. The extent of MHCII transfer to MCs correlates with their T cell priming efficiency. Importantly, preventing the cross talk by preceding DC depletion decreases MC antigen presenting capacity and T cell–driven inflammation. Consequently, we identify an innate intercellular communication arming resident MCs with key DC functions that might contribute to the acute defense potential during critical periods of migration-based DC absence.
Understanding Gender Differences in Anxiety

Developing a better understanding of modifiable psychological factors that account for gender differences in anxiety may provide insight into interventions that can be used to target these risk processes. The authors developed a mediational model to examine the degree to which gender differences in anxiety are explained by instrumentality and mastery while controlling for the influence of environmental stress and social desirability. Undergraduates (159 men and 239 women) completed an online questionnaire including measures of mastery, instrumentality, daily hassles, social desirability, and anxiety. Women reported significantly lower levels of instrumentality and mastery and higher levels of anxiety than men. Path analyses indicated that instrumentality and mastery were both significant mediators of the relationship between gender and anxiety after controlling for social desirability and hassles. The addition of a direct path from gender to anxiety was not significant and did not improve the fit of the model. These findings suggest that differences in gender socialization and mastery learning experiences for men and women help account for the female preponderance of anxiety. Interventions aimed at building instrumentality and mastery, particularly among girls, may help buffer against anxiety.
Graduate development programmes and satisfaction levels

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the perceived progress of graduates who have been recruited by organisations and to assess their expectations and corresponding satisfaction levels. Drawing on the psychological contract and graduate development literature, the objective of the study was to compare the opinions of graduates from an organisation that offers a graduate development programme (GDP) to graduates from an organisation that does not offer such a programme.Design/methodology/approach – In this paper there are interviews with HR managers, coupled with the design and distribution of a questionnaire to 126 graduates in two organisations with a response rate of 71 per cent (89 completed questionnaires). Findings – Interesting findings emerged from the research that suggest that while GDPs do have merit, they do not appear to result in graduates who are more satisfied. In fact the opposite appeared to be true. From the sample, it emerged that organisations that employ these programmes ha.
Effect of Lung Hypoplasia on Birth-Related Changes in the Pulmonary Circulation in Sheep

Lung hypoplasia (LH) is a serious cause of neonatal compromise, but little is known of its functional effects on the pulmonary circulation. Our aim was to characterize birth-related changes in the pulmonary circulation of newborn lambs with LH and to compare them with alterations in respiratory function. LH was induced in six ovine fetuses by the creation of a tracheo-amniotic shunt as well as amniotic fluid drainage starting at 105.6 ± 1.5 (mean ± SEM) days of gestation (term ∼147 d). At 139.9 ± 0.3 d, fetuses were exteriorized under anesthesia to implant vascular catheters and an ultrasonic flow probe around the left pulmonary artery. The lambs then were delivered and ventilated for 2 h, during which systemic and pulmonary artery pressures, left pulmonary blood flow, and measures of respiratory function were recorded. At autopsy, lungs were weighed and volume was measured at 20 cm H2O. In LH lambs, lung weight was 25% lower and respiratory system compliance was 30% lower than in controls. Mean pulmonary blood flow in LH lambs was 42% lower and pulmonary vascular resistance was 138% higher than in controls. Morphometry showed that volume density of pulmonary arteries in LH was 30% lower than in controls. We conclude that, in this LH model, changes in ventilatory indices were proportional to the change in lung size, whereas changes in the pulmonary circulation were greater than the change in lung size and were associated with reduced density of pulmonary arteries. LH severely impairs normal adaptation of the pulmonary circulation in the perinatal period.
Measuring Public Service Motivation: Exploring the Equivalence of Existing Global Measures

ABSTRACT Our ability to interpret, generalize, and build theory across public service motivation (PSM) studies is limited by lack of knowledge regarding the equivalence of different PSM measures that researchers frequently use. While past research has given considerable attention to validating multidimensional measures of PSM, this study investigates the psychometric properties of the global measures that have been used to provide much of the empirical evidence on PSM. Building on the lessons of other research using global and multidimensional measures, we first discuss the strengths and weaknesses of existing global measures of PSM relative to those of the multidimensional measures. After highlighting the potential merit of global scales, we then provide empirical justification for global scales. Using five different data sets to compare commonly used global measures of PSM, our findings suggest that these different measures are not only highly correlated with each other but also display a similar pattern and strength of relationships with important correlates of PSM. These findings suggest that these measures do tap into the same conceptual space and help validate our continued reliance on empirical studies that have used different measures to build our understanding of PSM.
Reciprocal Influence in the Social Interactions of Mothers and Three-Year-Old Children from Different Socioeconomic Backgrounds.

FARRAN, DALE C. , and HASKINS, RON. Reciprocal Influence in the Social Interactions of Mothers and Three-Year-Old Children from Different Socioeconomic Backgrounds. CmHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1980, 51, 780-791. Reciprocity in social interactions between mothers and their 3-year-old children was assessed in 51 mother-child dyads during a 20-min free-play laboratory observation. These dyads were from 2 socioeconomic groups differing in income, education, and occupation. Summary scores of behaviors exhibited during the session indicated that middle-income dyads spent twice as much time in mutual play as low-income dyads; low-income mothers spent more time reading to themselves, and their children were more often in independent play or no clear activity. This study did not support previous work showing low-income mothers to be more controlling than middle-income mothers. A series of profile analyses using conditional probabilities indicated nearly identical dyadic processes in both groups of mothers and children. Controlling and interactive behaviors of mothers were found to be inextricably linked to the presenting behaviors of children for both groups. Socioeconomic background had the effect of altering the quantity of certain behaviors but not fundamentally changing the pattern of mother-child interactions.
From the Frankfurt School to business schools: critical management studies in Turkey

Purpose – Critical management studies (CMS), as an unorthodox management perspective, has become more and more accepted in Western business schools. The purpose of this paper is to problematize its circulation area and interrogate to what extent CMS has penetrated Turkish academia.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews papers presented and published in The National Management/Organization Conference which has been held annually for the last 19 years. In addition, the paper examines the management programs of the top 20 Turkish universities' business schools, in terms of whether their curricula include any critical content.Findings – It is suggested that CMS has not found resonance in Turkey. This case is argued on a set of dynamics as follows: the Americanization process in knowledge producing, economic integration into American vision, late industrialization, bureaucratic political tradition, statism, and some cultural characteristics.Originality/value – Studies employing critical management arg.
Retinal ganglion cells in two teleost species, Sebastiscus marmoratus and Navodon modestus

Distribution patterns of ganglion cells in the retina were examined in Nissl‐stained retinal whole mounts of Sebastiscus and Navodon. The existence of area centralis in the temporal retina in both species suggests binocular vision. In Navodon, another high density area was found in the nasal retina, and a dense band of ganglion cells was observed along the horizontal axis between the two high‐density areas. There is an obvious trend for the ganglion cell size to increase as the density decreases. The total number of ganglion cells was estimated to be about 45 × 104 in Sebastiscus and 87 × 104 in Navodon, whereas the total number of optic nerve fibers was about 35 × 104 and 70 × 104, respectively.
Enhancing Channel Reciprocity for Effective Key Management in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks

We propose key management schemes for wireless ad-hoc networks by utilising the random and reciprocal variations of the wireless channel. For effective key generation, we propose three different methods of enhancing channel reciprocity with appropriate quantisation schemes. The proposed methods are evaluated using real-world channel measurements and validated for better performance in terms of bit disagreement rate, key generation rate, and test of randomness.
The Influence of High- and Low-Context Communication Styles On the Design, Content, and Language of Business-To-Business Web Sites

Language and communication, especially high- versus low-context communication styles, have been shown to lead to differences in Web sites. Low-context communication provides the lowest common denominator for intercultural communication through the Internet by making messages linear, articulated, explicit, and therefore easier to understand in the absence of contextual clues. Based on theories of intercultural business communication and recent empirical studies, this article investigates how communication styles influence Web site design and content. It is hypothesized that, for the global audience, Web sites from low-context communication countries are easier to find, use colors and graphics more effectively, make navigation more user-friendly, contain more corporate and product information cues, and offer more contract- and relationship-related content than Web sites from high-context communication countries. This article also contributes to international business communication by investigating the choice of languages in business-to-business (B2B) Web sites. Empirical findings confirm the influence of high- versus low-context communication styles through systematic content analysis of 597 B2B Web sites in 57 countries. High-context communication style may be detrimental to the design of global Web sites, making them less readable, less effective in their use of colors and graphics, and less interactive for the globally dispersed users.
Lunar Mare Soils: Space weathering and the major effects of surface‐correlated nanophase Fe

Lunar soils form the “ground truth” for calibration and modeling of reflectance spectra for quantitative remote sensing. The Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium, a group of lunar sample and remote sensing scientists, has undertaken the extensive task of characterization of lunar soils, with respect to their mineralogical and chemical makeup. This endeavor is aimed at deciphering the effects of space weathering of soils from the Moon, and these results should apply to other airless bodies. Modal abundances and chemistries of minerals and glasses in the <45 μm size fractions of nine selected mare soils have been determined, along with the bulk chemistry of each size fraction, and their IS/FeO values. These data can be addressed at http:/web.utk. edu/∼pgi/data.html. As grain size decreases, the bulk composition of each size fraction continuously changes and approaches the composition of the agglutinitic glasses. Past dogma had it that the majority of the nanophase Fe0 resides in the agglutinitic glasses. However, as grain size of a soil decreases, the percentage of the total iron present as nanophase-sized Fe0 increases dramatically, while the agglutinitic glass content rises only slightly. This is evidence for a large contribution to the IS/FeO values from surface-correlated nanophase Fe0, particularly in the <10 μm size fraction. This surficial nanophase Fe0 is present largely as vapor-deposited patinas on the surfaces of almost every particle of the mature soils. It is proposed that these vapor-deposited, nanophase Fe0-bearing patinas may have far greater effects upon reflectance spectra of mare soils than the agglutinitic Fe0.
Sensuous Multiculturalism: Emotional Landscapes of Inter-Ethnic Living in Australian Suburbia

Every day, people from different backgrounds mix together, whether by design or necessity, in our multicultural neighbourhoods and cities. This article explores how senses, sensibilities, habitus and affects influence quotidian intercultural encounters in culturally diverse cities. The article is based upon ethnographic research in an Australian suburb which has seen large-scale Chinese migration to the area in recent years and experienced the associated rapid changes to the shops along the local high street. Focusing on a range of sites or ‘contact zones’ along the suburban high street, the paper explores the notion of cross-cultural habitus, in particular the sensuous and affective dimensions of what I term the ‘haptic habitus’. It then examines the sensuous and embodied modes of being that mediate intercultural interactions between long-term Anglo-Celtic elderly residents in the area and newly arrived Chinese immigrants and their associated urban spaces. Ranging through the senses, from sight, smell, sound and the haptic system, the article reflects upon how the senses, affect, habitus, nostalgia and memory articulate with localised experiences of diversity. I develop the notion of ‘sensuous multiculturism’—which foregrounds embodied experience in this scenario of cultural difference—and go on to argue that the dis-synchronisation of senses, embodied place-memory and habitus contribute to some forms of intercultural anxiety and everyday racism.
Increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among workers according to age

Introduction. Statistical information regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among a wide age range of workers is insufficient. Methods. A total of 4278 men between the ages of 20 and 59 years participated in the study. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) III criteria. Results. Overall, the prevalences of metabolic syndrome according to the IDF and NCEPIII criteria were 13.6% and 14.8%, respectively. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the IDF (NCEPIII) criteria among workers in their 20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s were 4.8% (6.1%), 9.9% (12.2%), 18.4% (21.6%) and 25.8% (34.0%), respectively. A plot of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the NCEPIII criteria versus age had a steep gradient and increased sharply for men in their 50s. In contrast, a plot of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the IDF criteria versus age increased in a linear manner. Conclusion. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased among workers according to age, but the increasing trend and the absolute prevalence of metabolic syndrome differed according to the two sets of diagnostic criteria used in this study.
Learning Organizing in a Changing Institutional Order

A pragmatist definition of organizational learning is applied to a study of city management, revealing peculiarities of learning in a situation which could be described, with the help of new institutional theory, as an undeveloped organization field. Such a field lacks the supporting institutions and servicing organizations that are typical in more well-developed fields, which both helps and hinders organizational learning. The situation of Warsaw, exemplifying problems of many Eastern and Central European cities, is interpreted as translation of managerial philosophies originating in different institutional orders.
A Major Gene for Bovine Ovulation Rate

Half-sib daughters sired by a bull believed to be a carrier of a major gene for high ovulation rate were evaluated for ovulation rate and genotyped in an effort to both test the hypothesis of segregation of a major gene and to map the gene’s location. A total of 131 daughters were produced over four consecutive years at a University of Wisconsin-Madison research farm. All were evaluated for ovulation rate over an average of four estrous cycles using transrectal ultrasonography. The sire and all daughters were genotyped using a 3K SNP chip and the genotype and phenotype data were used in a linkage analysis. Subsequently, daughters recombinant within the QTL region and the sire were genotyped successively with 50K and 777K SNP chips to refine the location of the causative polymorphism. Positional candidate genes within the fine-mapped region were examined for polymorphism by Sanger sequencing of PCR amplicons encompassing coding and 5’ and 3’ flanking regions of the genes. Sire DNA was used as template in the PCR reactions. Strong evidence of a major gene for ovulation rate was observed (p<1x10-28) with the gene localized to bovine chromosome 10. Fine-mapping subsequently reduced the location to a 1.2 Mb region between 13.6 and 14.8 Mb on chromosome 10. The location identified does not correspond to that for any previously identified major gene for ovulation rate. This region contains three candidate genes, SMAD3, SMAD6 and IQCH. While candidate gene screening failed to identify the causative polymorphism, three polymorphisms were identified that can be used as a haplotype to track inheritance of the high ovulation rate allele in descendants of the carrier sire.
CEDO: content-centric dissemination algorithm for delay-tolerant networks

Emerging challenged networks require new protocols and strategies to cope with a high degree of mobility, high delays and unknown, possibly non-existing routes within the network. Researchers have proposed different store-carry-and-forward protocols for data delivery in challenged networks. These have been complemented with appropriate drop and scheduling policies that deal with the limitations of the nodes' buffers and the limited duration of opportunistic encounters in these networks. Nevertheless, the vast majority of these protocols and strategies are designed for end-to-end transmissions. Yet, a paradigm shift from the traditional way of addressing the endpoints in the network has been occurring towards content-centric networking. To this end, we present CEDO, a content-centric dissemination algorithm for challenged networks. CEDO aims at maximizing the total delivery-rate of distributed content in a setting where a range of contents of different popularity may be requested and stored, but nodes have limited resources. It achieves this by maintaining a delivery-rate utility per content that is proportional to the content miss rate and that is used by the nodes to make appropriate drop and scheduling decisions. This delivery-rate utility can be estimated locally by each node using unbiased estimators fed by sampled information on the mobile network obtained by gossiping. Both simulations and theory suggest that CEDO achieves its set goal, and outperforms a baseline LRU-based policy by 72%, even in relatively small scenarios. The framework followed by CEDO is general enough to be applied to other global performance objectives as well.
3D digital reassembling of archaeological ceramic pottery fragments based on their thickness profile

The reassembly of a broken archaeological ceramic pottery is an open and complex problem, which remains a scientific process of extreme interest for the archaeological community. Usually, the solutions suggested by various research groups and universities depend on various aspects such as the matching process of the broken surfaces, the outline of sherds or their colors and geometric characteris-tics, their axis of symmetry, the corners of their contour, the theme portrayed on the surface, the concentric circular rills that are left during the base construction in the inner pottery side by the fingers of the potter artist etc. In this work the reassembly process is based on a different and more secure idea, since it is based on the thick-ness profile, which is appropriately identified in every fragment. Specifically, our approach is based on information encapsulated in the inner part of the sherd (i.e. thickness), which is not -or at least not heavily- affected by the presence of harsh environmental conditions, but is safely kept within the sherd itself. Our method is verified in various use case experiments, using cutting edge technologies such as 3D representations and precise measurements on surfaces from the acquired 3D models.
The role of cytokines in the generation of inflammation and tissue damage in experimental gram-positive meningitis

Cytokines mediate many host responses to bacterial infections. We determined the inflammatory activities of five cytokines in the central nervous system: TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2). Using a rabbit model of meningeal inflammation, each cytokine (except IL-1 beta) induced enhanced blood brain barrier permeability, leukocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid, and brain edema. Homologous antibodies to each mediator inhibited leukocytosis and brain edema, and moderately decreased blood brain barrier permeability. In rabbits treated with anti-CD-18 antibody to render neutrophils dysfunctional for adhesion, each cytokine studied lost the ability to cause leukocytosis and brain edema. After intracisternal challenge with pneumococci, antibodies to TNF or IL-1 prevented inflammation, while anti-MIP-1 or anti-MIP-2 caused only a 2-h delay in the onset of inflammation. We suggest these cytokines have multiple inflammatory activities in the central nervous system and contribute to tissue damage during pneumococcal meningitis.