Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Replacing PID Controller with Deep Learning Controller for DC Motor System

Many techniques are implemented in the industry to control the operation of different actuators on field. Within these actuators, the DC motor is a popular tool. The output of the DC motor, the speed can be controlled to drive several industrial parts. There are different type of controllers for such application including linear and nonlinear controllers, adaptive controllers, and artificial neural network controllers. This paper addresses the use of deep learning algorithm to design the controller; to explore the feasibility of applying deep learning into control problems. The proposed deep learning controller is designed by learning PID controller which is most commonly used in industry. The input/output of the PID controller are used as the learning data set for the deep learning network. ADBN (Deep Belief Network) algorithm is used to design the deep learning controller. The simulation is performed using Matlab/Simulink and the detailed results of a comparison study between the proposed deep learning controller and a PIDcontroller was conducted to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Isolation , Identification and Speciation of Candida Species from Various Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chennai

The aim and objective of the study was to isolate Candida species , find its frequency from various clinical samples ( sputum, urine, high vaginal swab, ET tube swab, nail clippings, pus, etc). ,their speciation and to bring out the various risk factors associated with candidiasis A total of 250 Candida species isolated from various clinical specimens in our institute from June 2016 to June 2017 were included in the study. Standard yeast identification protocol and Hichrom agar were used for speciation. Out of the total 2350 clinical samples, 250 candida species were isolated , thus the prevalence of 9.4%. Among the 250 culture positive cases, 118 (47.2%) C. albicans, 64 (25.6%) C. tropicalis, 75 (30%), C. glabrata, 38 (15.2%), C. krusei 14 (5.6%) and C. parapsilosis 5 (2%) were obtained. Non albicans Candida predominated (52.8%) over Candida albicans(47.2%). Males were affected more than the females. In both the sexes maximum patients belonged to the age group of >60 years. In the present study prevalence of candidiasis is 9.4%. The risk factors for candidiasis noted in this study were diabetes mellitus, prolonged antibiotic therapy, steroids and pregnancy. Along with Candida albicans , non-albicans Candida(NAC) species like C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis are increasingly being isolated from clinical samples. Characterization upto species level is important for early treatment decisions and effective management as some NAC species are intrinsically resistant to antifungal agents. Hichrom Candida agar is useful for the primary isolation and differentiation of medically important Candida species.
The impact of HECS debt on Australian students' tertiary academic performance

The Australian literature suggests that students' academic success in tertiary education is principally influenced by their university entrance score. Personal, secondary school and university characteristics have more minor impacts on tertiary outcomes. Little research has been undertaken into the relationship between students' marks and the financing arrangements for their tertiary education. This paper investigates the links between the achievements of university students and the debts incurred under the Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS). It finds that students who accumulate a HECS debt have lower marks in first year than students who pay their HECS liabilities up-front. Students who defer their HECS also have a lower probability of continuing their studies beyond first year. These effects are statistically significant, although they are smaller than the effects of gender, school type and the Tertiary Entrance Ranking (TER). However, the means of financing their university study does not appear to affect students' marks beyond the first year. The implications of these findings for future research are explored, with particular reference to Tinto's (1975) interactionalist theory of higher education outcomes. The possibility that HECS is a proxy for family background is also explored.
Trends and Variability in the Use of Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Medicare Patients

Introduction: As policies are implemented to encourage high-quality care, it is important to identify any persistent limitations to the uniform delivery of anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). The study’s goal was to assess current TSA use and identify predictors of geographic variability. Methods: We used data from 2012 through 2014 that was obtained from public Medicare databases to identify the case volume, locations, and names of surgeons performing >10 TSAs annually. We also recorded regional characteristics of the Medicare population, including demographic characteristics and health factors. Results: From 2012 through 2014, the number of surgeons performing >10 TSAs annually increased from 824 to 1,060—an increase ranging from 0.75 to 0.95 TSAs per 1,000 beneficiaries. In 2012, there were 59 hospital referral regions with no TSAs performed; the number of regions decreased to 35 by 2014 (P = 0.009). The use of TSA varied widely across regions (range, 0.1 to 6.4 per 1,000 beneficiaries). A larger proportion of white patients and a smaller proportion of patients eligible for Medicaid were independent predictors for increased use of TSA. Despite this finding, 74.4% and 96.9% of the US population resided within 50 km and 200 km, respectively, of a surgeon performing at least 20 TSAs in Medicare patients annually. Discussion: TSA utilization in the Medicare population is increasing across the country. Although notable geographic disparities in the use of TSA persist, increased TSA utilization has provided greater access to surgeons with high-volume TSA caseloads. Conclusion: Substantial geographic variation in TSA use remains, largely due to socioeconomic factors.
Effect of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells administered by intravenous or intravitreal routes on cryo‐induced retinal injury

Traumatic optic neuropathy is an important cause of severe vision loss. So, many attempts were performed to transplant stem cells systemically or locally to regenerate the injured retina. In this study, we investigated the effect of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUBMSCs) on histological structure, apoptotic, antiapoptotic, oxidant and antioxidant markers in an experimental model of cryo‐induced retinal damage in mice. Forty‐eight mice were included with 4 major groups; group I contained 18 mice as controls. The others included 30 mice exposed to cryo‐induced retinal injury and were subdivided into three equal groups: group II received no treatment after injury. Group III was intravenously injected with hUCBMSCs after injury and group IV received an intravitreal injection with hUCBMSCs into both eyes. Retinal tissues were used for histopathological, immunological and gene expression studies. Real time‐PCR was performed to assess B‐cell lymphoma 2 (bcl2), Bcl2‐associated X protein (bax), heme oxygenase‐1 (hmox‐1) and thioredoxin‐2 (tnx‐2) expression and to assess the differentiation of the stem cells into the retinal tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess caspase‐3, 3‐nitrotyrosine (3‐NT) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Disturbed retinal structure was seen in cryo‐injured mice while hUCBMSCs treated groups showed nearly normal structure. By real time‐PCR, significantly reduced mRNA expressions of Bax and notably enhanced mRNA expression of Bcl‐2, hmox‐1 and txn‐2 were demonstrated in retinal injured mice with hUCBMSCs treatment compared to those without. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed downregulation of 3‐NT and caspase‐3 and upregulation of bFGF after hUCBMSCs injection in injured retina. Furthermore, there was no differentiation of transplanted stem cells into the retinal tissue. In conclusions, hUCBMSCs could improve the morphological retinal structure in cryo‐induced retinal damage model by modulation of the oxidant‐apoptotic status and by increased the expression of bFGF. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(3):188–201, 2017
Predicting fibromyalgia, a narrative review: Are we better than fools and children?

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common and intriguing condition, manifest by chronic pain and fatigue. Although the pathogenesis of FMS is not yet completely understood, predicting the future development of FMS and chronic pain is a major challenge with great potential advantages, both from an individual as well as an epidemiological standpoint. Current knowledge indicates a genetic underpinning for FMS, and as increasing data are accumulated regarding the genetics involved, the prospect of utilizing these data for prediction becomes ever more attractive. The co‐existence of FMS with multiple other functional disorders indicates that the clinical identification of such symptom constellations in a patient can alert the physician to the future development of FMS. Hypermobility syndrome is another clinical (as well as genetic) phenotype that has emerged as a risk factor for the development of FMS. Stressful events, including early life trauma, are also harbingers of the future development of FMS. Functional neuroimaging may help to elucidate the neural processes involved in central sensitization, and may ultimately also evolve into markers of predictive value. Last but not least, obesity and disturbed sleep are clinical (inter‐related) features relevant for this spectrum. Future efforts will aim at integrating genetic, clinical and physiological data in the prediction of FMS and chronic pain.
An Impairment of Long Distance SOX10 Regulatory Elements Underlies Isolated Hirschsprung Disease

A deletion encompassing several SOX10 enhancers was recently identified in a patient presenting with Waardenburg syndrome type 4 (WS4), which is defined as a combination of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR, intestinal aganglionosis) and WS (deafness and pigmentation defects). The expression patterns of some of the known SOX10 enhancers in animal models led to the speculation that endophenotypes of WS4 may be linked to mutations within some of these sequences. The present study investigated deletions and point mutations within four SOX10 enhancers in 144 unexplained isolated HSCR cases. One deletion and two point mutations affecting binding sites for known neural crest transcription factors were identified. In vitro functional analysis revealed that the first point mutation disrupts autoregulation by SOX10, whereas the second affects AP2a and SOX10 synergistic activity. The present findings suggest that the mutations within SOX10 enhancers contribute to isolated HSCR.
Spatial Processing and Hemispheric Asymmetry: Contributions of the Transient/Magnocellular Visual System

Right-handed observers were presented with stimuli consisting of a line and two horizontally separated dots. A categorical spatial task required observers to indicate whether the dots were above or below the line, and a coordinate spatial task required observers to indicate whether the line could fit into the space between the two dots. For the coordinate task, reaction time was faster when the stimuli were presented to the left visual field (right hemisphere) than when the stimuli were presented to the right visual field (left hemisphere). The opposite hemispheric asymmetry was obtained for the categorical task. In addition, coordinate spatial processing took longer with stimuli presented on a red background than with stimuli presented on a green background. The opposite trend characterized categorical spatial processing. Because the color red attenuates processing in the transient/magnocellular visual pathway, these results suggest that coordinate spatial processing is more dependent on the transient/magnocellular pathway than is categorical spatial processing. However, manipulations of color condition had no effect on visual field (hemispheric) asymmetries, suggesting that the two hemispheres rely on the same visual information and on the same computational mechanisms as each otheralthough they do not always use that information with equal efficiency.
Celiac lesion T cells recognize epitopes that cluster in regions of gliadins rich in proline residues.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Celiac disease is a gluten-induced enteropathy that shows a strong association with HLA-DQ2 and -DQ8. Gluten-specific T cells, invariably restricted by DQ2 or DQ8, can be isolated from celiac lesions. Such gut-derived T cells have a preference for recognition of gluten that has been specifically deamidated by tissue transglutaminase. Only a few gliadin T-cell epitopes have been identified by earlier work. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic characterization of DQ2-restricted T-cell epitopes in alpha- and gamma-gliadins. METHODS Epitopes were identified by mass spectrometry analysis of peptide fragments of recombinant gliadins and by use of synthetic peptides. RESULTS We identified several new gamma-gliadin epitopes and an additional alpha-gliadin epitope. Interestingly, these and the previously identified epitopes are not randomly scattered across the gliadins but cluster in regions of the proteins with high content of proline residues. CONCLUSIONS Several DQ2-restricted T-cell epitopes exist in gliadin that are located in regions rich in proline. This likely reflects epitope selection at the levels of digestive and antigen-presenting cell processing, transglutaminase-mediated deamidation, and/or peptide binding to DQ2.
Identifying Sources of Macroeconomic and Exchange Rate Fluctuations in the UK

Using quarterly data for the period 1985:1–2011:1, this paper uses a stylised, open economy, structural VAR model to identify the types of shocks responsible for macroeconomic fluctuations in the UK economy. The stylised model implies a set of short-run restrictions that allow for the identification of the shocks. The importance of each shock is determined by examining forecast-error variance decompositions, impulse response functions, and implied long-run (or permanent) effects. The results presented here imply that two shocks (called the technology and IS shocks) are relatively more important than other shocks. Monetary shocks do exhibit long-run monetary neutrality, but clearly monetary policy is not responsible for a meaningful share of output and employment fluctuations during the sample period. The estimated VAR and structural disturbances imply that the model accurately reflects the UK economy. There is little evidence of a price puzzle or an exchange rate puzzle (evidence against uncovered interest rate parity) in response to an unexpected monetary policy tightening.
Viral load determines the B‐cell response in the cerebrospinal fluid during human immunodeficiency virus infection

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is frequently associated with intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, but little is known about the B‐cell response in the CSF of these patients. In this study, we investigated the relation between virus load and the frequency and phenotype of B cells in the CSF of HIV‐infected patients.
Wage-Setting Institutions and Pay Inequality in Advanced Industrial Societies

The distribution of pay differs significantly across countries and over time among advanced industrial societies. In this paper, institutional and political determinants of pay inequality are studied in sixteen countries from 1980 to 1992. The most important factor in explaining pay dispersion is the level of wage-setting, i.e., whether wages are set at the level of the individual, the plant, the industry, or the entire private sector. The impact of centralization is the same whether centralization occurs via collective bargaining or via government involvement in private-sector wage-setting. The concentration of unions and the share of the labor force covered by collective bargaining agreements also matter. After controlling for wage-setting institutions, other variables such as the governing coalition, the size of government, international openness, and the supply of highly educated workers have little impact. Economic, political, and norm-based explanations for the association of centralization with egalitarian outcomes are discussed.
Helping Others Heal: Burn Survivors and Peer Support

Burns require psychosocial healing in addition to physical recovery as survivors face challenges such as scarring and altered appearance. An adjunct to interventions provided by social workers and other professionals is peer support from fellow burn survivors. But how do burn survivors view this intervention? This study examined a sample of burn survivors to learn about their views of peer support and the services of a national burn survivor organization. Outcome variables were explored relative to survivors' views of peer support to gauge its influence on psychosocial recovery. Findings suggest peer support is a promising resource in burn rehabilitation warranting further investigation.
Still want to party? An assessment of party-politicization in directly-elected mayoral authorities in England and Germany's North Rhine-Westphalia

Very little attention has been paid to the political impact of directly-elected mayors. This paper sheds light on the topic by comparing the English case with that of North Rhine-Westphalia. Both demonstrate that parties continue to monopolize their local political systems and most aspects of mayoral office; nevertheless, some de-party-politicization is noted. There is much to learn about the English case from observation of the mayoral model in North Rhine-Westphalia.
The role of trust and contract in the supply of business advice

The use of legal contract and personal trust are compared in this paper for the relationships between clients and their different advisers who supply business advice. Personal trust between client and adviser is found to operate as an exclusive means to manage relational exchange only for social and family relationships. Using a sample survey of small and medium sized enterprises, results demonstrate that trust and legal contract are most commonly overlapping categories. Comparing different types of adviser, the level of trust, extent of legal contract, service intensity, service costs and client impact and satisfaction are each found to interact. There are major differences between suppliers, but except in the case of social and family relationships to advisers, higher reliance on trust alone is generally associated with lower levels of client impact and satisfaction received. The combination of trust with contract tends to be the route which is most associated with higher levels of client impact and satisfaction. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
Dynamic Concentric Rings Infrastructure for Efficient Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks

The design of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has a new paradigm that implies a separation of the underlying communication functionalities from the upper-layer protocols with the goal of leveraging the reusability of protocols. This paper provides an overview of the proposed Rings infrastructure protocol (RIP), which forms a generic flexible communication infrastructure. RIP discovers the physical topological rings that exist in an arbitrary WSN topology and produces an infrastructure of concentric rings (Rings) that reflects the physical rings of nodes in the field. The resulting infrastructure guarantees the proximity of nodes. Neighbor nodes in this logical overlay are also physical neighbors. Each ring in Rings is assigned one or more mobile robots that act as probes to access the data and monitor the ring. Access nodes are selected dynamically at each ring to act as anchors for the probes visiting their associated rings. The Rings infrastructure supports both multi-hop and data-mule communication models with a high degree of reliability. This paper focuses on creating the infrastructure: we justify its correctness and efficiency. A rough cost model that predicts the cost of communication over Rings is provided. The performance of the infrastructure is evaluated by implementing and simulating some of the upper-layer processes. Simulation-based comparisons with the multi-scale communication approach are provided, and the results show that the Rings infrastructure is both robust and efficient in supporting upper-layer processes.
Improving Program Testing and Understanding via Symbolic Execution

Symbolic execution is an automated technique for program testing that has recently become practical, thanks to advances in constraint solvers. Generally speaking, a symbolic executor interprets a program with symbolic inputs, systematically enumerating execution paths induced by the symbolic inputs and the program's control flow. In this dissertation, I discuss the architecture and implementation of Otter, a symbolic execution framework for C programs, and work that uses Otter to solve two program analysis problems. Firstly, we use Otter to solve the line reachability problem—given a line target in a program, find inputs that drive the program to the line. We propose two new directed search strategies, one using a distance metric to guide symbolic execution towards the target, and another iteratively running symbolic execution from the start of the function containing the target, then jumping backward up the call chain to the start of the program. We compare variants of these strategies with several existing undirected strategies from the literature on a suite of 9 GNU Coreutils programs. We find that most directed strategies perform extremely well in many cases, although they sometimes fail badly. However, by combining the distance metric with a random-path strategy, we obtain a strategy that performs best on average over our benchmarks. We also generalize the line reachability problem to multiple line targets, and evaluate our new strategies under a different experimental setup. The result shows that many directed strategies start off slightly slower than undirected strategies, but they catch up and perform the best in the long run. Another use of Otter is to study how run-time configuration options affect the behavior of configurable software systems. We conjecture that, at certain levels of abstraction, software configuration spaces are much smaller than combinatorics might suggest. To evaluate our conjecture, we ran Otter on three configurable software systems with their concrete test suites, but making configuration options symbolic. Otter generated data of all execution paths of these systems, from which we discovered how the settings of configuration options affect line, basic block, edge, and condition coverage for our subjects under the test suites. Had we instead run the test suites under all configuration settings, it would have required many orders of magnitude more executions to generate the same data.