Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth Opportunities, Technology Shocks and Asset Prices

We explore the impact of investment-specific technology (IST) shocks on the crosssection of stock returns. IST shocks reflect technological advances embodied in new capital goods. Using a structural model, we show that IST shocks have a differential effect on the two fundamental components of firm value, the value of assets in place and the value of growth opportunities. This differential sensitivity to IST shocks has two main implications. First, risk premia on firms with abundant growth opportunities are different from those on firms with limited growth opportunities. Second, firms with similar levels of growth opportunities comove with each other, giving rise to the value factor in stock returns. Our model replicates the failure of the conditional CAPM to capture the value premium. Our empirical tests confirm the model's predictions for asset returns and investment rates.
The Impact of Supplier Inventory Service Level on Retailer Demand

To set inventory service levels, suppliers must understand how changes in inventory service level affect demand. We build on prior research, which uses analytical models and laboratory experiments to study the impact of a supplier's service level on demand from retailers, by testing this relationship in the field. We analyze a field experiment at the supplier Hugo Boss to determine how the supplier's inventory service level affects demand from its retailer customers. We find increases in historical fill rate to be associated with statistically significant and managerially substantial increases in current retailer orders i.e., demand, not just sales. Specifically, a one percentage point increase in fill rate, measured over the prior year, is associated with a statistically significant 11% increase in current retailer demand, controlling for other factors that might affect retailer demand. We explore the drivers of this demand increase, including changes in retailer assortment and order frequency. We discuss features of a retail buyer's decision context identified through our field work that may explain the magnitude of the relationship we observe.
Pax8, Napsin A, and CD10 as Immunohistochemical Markers of Canine Renal Cell Carcinoma

Pax8, napsin A, and CD10 are useful immunohistochemical markers of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, their diagnostic utility in canine RCC is unclear. Forty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded renal cell carcinomas from dogs (15 papillary, 12 solid, and 13 tubular) and 10 metastases were evaluated for expression of Pax8, napsin A, and CD10. Thirty-nine (98%), 24 (60%), and 19 (50%) tumors expressed Pax8 (nuclear labeling), napsin A (cytoplasmic labeling), and CD10 (cytoplasmic and membranous labeling), respectively. Pax8 was expressed in 92% of solid, 100% of papillary, and 100% of tubular tumors. Napsin A was expressed in 58% of solid, 60% of papillary, and 62% of tubular RCC. CD10 was expressed in 33% of solid, 47% of papillary, and 62% of tubular RCC. Pax8 was expressed in 80% of the metastatic tumors, napsin A in 60%, and CD10 in 50%. Additionally, Pax8 immunoreactivity was stronger overall than that of napsin A or CD10. In summary, Pax8 is a more sensitive marker than napsin A or CD10 for primary and metastatic canine RCC; its nuclear and more intense reactivity also makes it easier to interpret. Tubular and papillary RCCs were more likely than solid RCC to express all 3 markers. These findings highlight the utility of Pax8 as an immunohistochemical marker in diagnosing all major subtypes of canine primary and metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Early Last Interglacial palaeoenvironments in the western Baltic Sea: benthic foraminiferal stable isotopes and diatom‐based sea‐surface salinity

Knudsen, K. L. , Jiang, H. , Kristensen, P., Gibbard, P. L. & Haila, H. 2011: Early Last Interglacial palaeoenvironments in the western Baltic Sea: benthic foraminiferal stable isotopes and diatom‐based sea‐surface salinity. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011. 00206.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.
Efficacy of a Self-Management Program for Osteoporotic Subjects

Alp A, Kanat E, Yurtkuran M: Efficacy of a self-management program for osteoporotic subjects. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2007;86:633–640. Objective:This study is based on whether the self-management program choices For Better Bone Health is effective to promote behavioral strategies for improving bone health, life quality, pain perception, physical function, and balance in osteoporotic subjects. Design:In this single-blind, randomized controlled study, a total of 50 sedentary women with postmenopausal and idiopathic osteoporosis were selected from the outpatients of Atatürk Balneotherapy and Rehabilitation Center according to their physical activity level and T scores of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry as the inclusion criteria. Fifty sedentary women with BMD T scores of −2.5 or lower were randomized into two groups (self-management group: group 1; and control group: group 2) and enrolled in a 6-mo study. Participants attended self-management class once a week for 5 wks. Evaluations were done at baseline, at the end of the fifth week, and at the sixth month. Pain-intensity evaluation by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), life-quality assessments by SF-36, balance testing by Sensitized Romberg Test (SRT), and functional assessment by Timed Sit to Stand test (TSS) and a simple questionnaire were the outcome measures. Results:When the groups were compared by change scores and percentages of change, improvements observed in pain intensity by VAS (P < 0.001), SF-36 Physical Function (P < 0.001), SF-36 Physical Role Limitations (P < 0.001), SF-36 Social Function (P < 0.001), SF-36 Mental Health (P < 0.001), SF-36 Vitality (P < 0.01), SF-36 Pain (P < 0.001), SF-36 General Health Perceptions (P < 0.05), SF-36 Emotional Role Limitations (P < 0.01), SRT eyes open (P < 0.001), SRT eyes closed (P < 0.001), and TSS (P < 0.001) were determined to be superior in group 1 at the end of the sixth month. Seventy-four percent of patients in group 1 engaged in regular physical activities, and 92% of them declared that they understood the purpose and benefits of medications and dietary calcium intake. Fifty-seven percent of them formed personal plans for preventing traumas, whereas 8% of the subjects in group 2 experienced new falls but no fractures. Conclusion:It is determined that the self-management class led to improvements in functional, balance, and life-quality outcomes and to reductions in pain perception.
Crustal structure of the Southwest Indian Ridge at the Atlantis II Fracture Zone

The Southwest Indian Ridge is a slow spreading end-member of the mid-ocean ridge system. The deepest borehole penetrating the lower oceanic crust, Ocean Drilling Program hole 735B, lies on the eastern transverse ridge of the Atlantis II Fracture Zone at 57°E. A wide-angle seismic survey in the vicinity of the borehole reveals a crustal structure that is highly heterogeneous. To the east of Atlantis Bank, on which hole 735B is located, the crust consists of a 2–2.5 km thick high-velocity-gradient oceanic layer 2 and a 1–2 km thick low-velocity-gradient layer 3. The transform valley has a 2.5–3 km thick crust with anomalously low velocities interpreted to consist largely of highly serpentinized mantle rocks. The seismically defined crust is thickest beneath the borehole, where layer 2 is thinner and the lower crust is inferred to contain 2–3 km of partially serpentinized mantle. The seismic velocity models are consistent with gravity data which show weak residual mantle Bouguer anomalies because the regions of thinner crust have lower crustal densities. Stress variations deduced from mass balances between the transform valley floor and the adjacent transverse ridges are much larger than the likely threshold for lithospheric failure and therefore indicate that the relief is supported dynamically. The variation of crustal thickness with spreading rate defined by data from the Southwest Indian Ridge and elsewhere is consistent with models of melt generation in which the upwelling mantle is cooled by conductive heat loss at very slow spreading rates, resulting in reduced melt generation under the spreading axis. Large segment-scale variations in crustal thickness suggest subcrustal along-axis migration of melt toward segment centers.
Production structure and input substitution in Canadian sawmill and wood preservation industry

Nous utilisons une fonction du cout de type translog pour analyser l'industrie du sciage et de la preservation du bois au Canada, de 1958 a 2003. La fonction du cout estimee est homothetique et neutre au sens de Hicks. Les elasticites de substitution d'Allen indiquent que de fortes possibilites de substitution existent. Selon les elasticites de substitution de Morishima, la substitution de la main-d'oeuvre par d'autres facteurs de production est plus facile que la substitution des autres intrants par la main-d'oeuvre et la substitution des autres intrants par les materiaux est plus facile que la substitution des materiaux par les autres intrants. La demande pour les intrants sous forme de main-d'oeuvre responsable de la production, de personnel de soutien et d'energie electrique est elastique. Contrairement aux conclusions precedentes concernant la mesure d'un taux de progres technique nul ou negatif, nous observons un taux de progres technique de 0,57 % par annee et une productivite globale des facteurs de production de 0,54 % par annee dans l'industrie du sciage et de la preservation du bois au Canada.
On the Phase Relationship between Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons in Oscillation

Characteristic phase shifts between discharges of pyramidal cells and interneurons in oscillation have been widely observed in experiments, and they have been suggested to play important roles in neural computation. Previous studies mainly explored two independent mechanisms to generate neural oscillation, one is based on the interaction loop between pyramidal cells and interneurons, referred to as the E-I loop, and the other is based on the interaction loop between interneurons, referred to as the I-I loop. In the present study, we consider neural networks consisting of both the E-I and I-I loops, and the network oscillation can operate under either E-I loop dominating mode or I-I loop dominating mode, depending on the network structure, and neuronal connection patterns. We found that the phase shift between pyramidal cells and interneurons displays different characteristics in different oscillation modes, and its amplitude varies with the network parameters. We expect that this study helps us to understand the structural characteristics of neural circuits underlying various oscillation behaviors observed in experiments.
Comparison of Cocoa Beans from China, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea

A survey on five kinds of cocoa beans from new cocoa planting countries was conducted to analyze each kind’s basic quality. The average bean weight and butter content of Hainan cocoa beans were the lowest, at less than 1.1 g, and 39.24% to 43.44%, respectively. Cocoa beans from Indonesia where shown to be about 8.0% and 9.0% higher in average bean weight and butter content, respectively, than that of Papua New Guinea and about 20.0% and 25.0% higher in average bean weight and butter content than Chinese dried beans, respectively. The average total polyphenolic content ranged from 81.22 mg/10 g to 301.01 mg/10 g. The Hainan 2011 sample had the highest total polyphenolic content, followed by the unfermented sample from Indonesia and the Papua New Guinea sample. The polyphenolic levels found in the Hainan 2010 sample were 123.61 mg/10 g and lower than the other three samples, but the Indonesian fermented sample had the lowest total polyphenolic content of 81.22 mg/10 g. The average total amino acid content ranged from 11.58 g/100 g to 18.17 g/100 g. The total amino acid content was the highest in the Indonesian unfermented sample, followed by the Hainan 2011 sample and the Papua New Guinea sample. The levels found in the Hainan 2010 sample were lower; the Indonesian fermented sample had the lowest total amino acid content.
Fault estimation and active fault tolerant control for servo systems

In this paper, the problems of fault estimation and fault tolerant control for motor servo systems are investigated. The motor servo systems are modeled as continuous-time linear systems with unknown inputs and actuator faults. Based on the faulty system model, a robust fault estimation and active fault tolerant control scheme is proposed. In this scheme, an observer-based robust fault estimator is designed to obtain the magnitude and characteristics of the faults; then, on the basis of the estimated fault information, an output feedback active fault tolerant controller is constructed to keep the post-fault dynamic system robust asymptotically stable. Simulation results illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Untangling the Antecedents and Covariates of E-Commerce Trust: Institutional Trust vs. Knowledge-Based Trust

Through experimentation, we establish a causal relationship between structural assurance and both vendor trustworthiness (knowledge‐based trust) and technology trustworthiness (institution‐based trust). We expand the definitions of structural assurance and institution‐based trust to include the element of security measures employed by the marketplace technology. Situational normality demonstrates a causal relationship with technology trustworthiness, and with vendor trustworthiness, the latter only when the covariates of familiarity with the Internet and a person's initial trust are controlled.
Current and Emerging Bladder Cancer Urinary Biomarkers

Bladder cancer continues to be one of the most common malignancies. Those who have been already diagnosed are at high risk for recurrence, especially if the pathology demonstrates high-grade disease. Diagnosis and surveillance is reliant on invasive evaluation with cystoscopy. Urinary cytology has been used to aid in diagnosis, but its use is limited. Other assays have been developed that may aid in clinical decision making. The ultimate goal will be the development of a highly sensitive and specific urinary marker for bladder cancer. This would provide a noninvasive means of diagnosing the disease and limit the number of unnecessary cystoscopies. This article will review the currently available urinary bladder cancer markers. It will also review new and investigational urinary markers that have shown promise for future clinical use.
Epidemiology of Lower Extremity Stress Fractures in the United States Military.

PURPOSE To comprehensively quantify established risk factors for the development of lower extremity stress fractures within a contemporary U.S. military cohort. METHODS Using the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database, all U.S. service members diagnosed with tibia/fibula, metatarsal, other bone, femoral neck, and femoral shaft stress fractures were identified based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification code from 2009 to 2012. Incidence rates (IRs) and adjusted IRs controlling for sex, race, age, rank, and branch of service were obtained with multivariate Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS Between 2009 and 2012, 31,758 lower extremity stress fractures occurred among 5,580,875 person-years, for an unadjusted IR of 5.69 per 1,000 person-years. Tibial/fibular (40%) involvement was the most common. Bimodal age distribution revealed that service members under 20 years old (23.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 22.52, 23.55) or ≥40 (6.86; 95% CI 6.65, 7.07) had greatest risk. Females were at higher risk for total lower extremity (3.11; 95% CI, 3.03, 3.18). White service members were also more at risk than Black service members (p < 0.0001). The majority of stress fractures (77.5%) occurred in junior enlisted service members, with the Army and Marines most at risk. CONCLUSION This investigation elucidates several nonmodifiable risk factors for stress fractures in the military and may inform screening measures to reduce this significant source of disability.
Circumventing Tolerance to the Prion Protein (PrP): Vaccination with PrP-Displaying Retrovirus Particles Induces Humoral Immune Responses against the Native Form of Cellular PrP

ABSTRACT Passive immunization with antibodies directed against the cellular form of the prion protein (PrPC) can protect against prion disease. However, active immunization with recombinant prion protein has so far failed to induce antibodies directed against native PrPC expressed on the cell surface. To develop an antiprion vaccine, a retroviral display system presenting either the full-length mouse PrP (PrP209) or the C-terminal 111 amino acids (PrP111) fused to the transmembrane domain of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor was established. Western blot analysis and immunogold electron microscopy of the retroviral display particles revealed successful incorporation of the fusion proteins into the particle membrane. Interestingly, retroviral particles displaying PrP111 (PrPD111 retroparticles) showed higher incorporation efficiencies than those displaying PrP209. Already 7 days after intravenous injection of PrPD111 retroparticles, PrPC-deficient mice (Prnpo/o) showed high immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG titers specifically binding the native PrPC molecule as expressed on the surface of T cells isolated from PrPC-overexpressing transgenic mice. More importantly, heterozygous Prnp+/o mice and also wild-type mice showed PrPC-specific IgM and IgG antibodies upon vaccination with PrPD111 retroparticles, albeit at considerably lower levels. Bacterially expressed recombinant PrP, in contrast, was unable to evoke IgG antibodies recognizing native PrPC in wild-type mice. Thus, our data show that PrP or parts thereof can be functionally displayed on retroviral particles and that immunization with PrP retroparticles may serve as a novel promising strategy for vaccination against transmissible spongiform encephalitis.
Corpus Based PP Attachment Ambiguity Resolution with a Semantic Dictionary

This paper deals with two important ambiguities of natural language: prepositional phrase attachment and word sense ambiguity. We propose a new supervised learning method for PPattachment based on a semantically tagged corpus. Because any sufficiently big sense-tagged corpus does not exist, we also propose a new unsupervised context based word sense disambiguation algorithm which amends the training corpus for the PP attachment by word sense tags. We present the results of our approach and evaluate the achieved PP attachment accuracy in comparison with other methods.
Lyn Tyrosine Kinase Is Important for IL-5-Stimulated Eosinophil Differentiation1

IL-5 plays a pivotal role in growth and differentiation of eosinophils. The signal transduction mechanism of IL-5Rα is largely unknown. We have demonstrated that IL-5 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of IL-5Rα in eosinophils. To identify IL-5Rα-associated tyrosine kinases, we have examined the expression of Src family tyrosine kinases in eosinophils. Among the Src family members, Lyn, Hck, Fgr, and Lck are present in eosinophils, and, among these four kinases, only Lyn is associated with the IL-5Rα under basal conditions. We also confirm the association of Janus kinase (Jak)2 with IL-5Rα. Lyn kinase phosphorylates both IL-5Rα and βcR in vitro. The importance of Lyn kinase for eosinophil differentiation was studied using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Lyn antisense oligodeoxynucleotide blocks eosinophil differentiation from stem cells in a dose-dependent manner. The Jak2 inhibitor tyrphostin AG490 also inhibits eosinophil differentiation. The importance of Lyn for eosinophil differentiation was further studied using Lyn knockout mice. The IL-5-stimulated eosinophil differentiation from bone marrow cells is significantly inhibited in Lyn−/− mice as compared with that in control mice. We conclude that both Lyn and Jak2 play an essential role in IL-5Rα signaling, leading to eosinophil differentiation. The effect of Lyn appears to be relatively specific for the eosinophilic lineage.
Electrophysiological study after surgical repair of sectioned human peripheral nerves

Clinical and electrophysiological assessment of recovery of function are reported on 20 patients with median or ulnar nerve sections up to 53 months after surgical repair. Maximum improvement of sensory function was apparent by both methods of assessment at 15 months after suture, and thereafter conduction velocities in sensory fibres averaged 80% of normal in median nerves and 70% of normal in ulnar nerves. Similarly, the mean amplitude of the sensory action potential at the wrist remained depressed at 15% of control values. The clinical recovery of motor function pursued a similar time course with, however, some evidence to indicate a continuing improvement in the neurophysiological maturation of the motor nerve fibres up to 47 months after repair. The results are discussed in relation to previous electrophysiological studies on animals.
Modulating Intrafollicular Hormonal Milieu in Controlled Ovarian Stimulation: Insights From PPAR Expression in Human Granulosa Cells

Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) leading to ovulation of multiple follicles is a crucial aspect of biomedical infertility care. Nevertheless, biomarkers useful for COS management are still lacking. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors relevant to steroid metabolism in granulosa cells (GCs). We investigated whether PPARs and their steroidogenic targets were differentially expressed in GCs differentiated under different recombinant or urinary gonadotropin preparations. GCs from women subjected to COS with r‐hFSH, r‐hFSH/r‐hLH, or hMG‐HP were processed to assess expression of PPARα, PPARβ/δ, PPARγ, and steroidogenic enzymes under PPAR modulation. As an evidence of their activation, all PPAR isotypes with their coactivators, the retinoic‐X‐receptors (RXRs), localized in the nucleus. When GCs from r‐hFSH/r‐hLH group were compared with r‐hFSH, a significant reduction of PPARα protein was observed. By contrast, an increase of PPARβ/δ at both protein and mRNA levels along with that of PPARγ protein were detected. The steroidogenic enzymes 17βHSD IV, 3βHSD II, and HMG‐CoA red were downregulated in the r‐hFSH/r‐hLH group in comparison to r‐hFSH unlike CYP19A1 that remained unchanged. In GCs from urinary FSH‐LH stimulation (hMG‐HP), PPARα was more expressed in comparison with r‐hFSH/r‐hLH group. Likewise, 3βHSD II and 17βHSD IV were increased suggesting that hMG‐HP partially mimicked r‐hFSH/r‐hLH effects. In summary, transcript analysis associated to protein investigation revealed differential effects of COS protocols on PPARs and their steroidogenic targets in relation to LH and gonadotropin source. These observations candidate PPARs as new biomarkers of follicle competence opening new hypotheses on COS effects on ovarian physiology. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 908–914, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.