Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endogenous distributions in multi-agents models: the example of endogenization of ends and time constants

Multi-agents modelers recurrently face the problem of the choice of their parameters' values while most of them are exogenous. In this paper we address the issue of endogenization of these parameters when it makes sense in a social learning perspective within the formalism of metamimetic games. We first show how its is possible to endogeneize the agents' ends distribution with a spatial prisoner's dilemma as case study. Then we apply the method to endogenization of time constants in the model, each agent having its own subjective perception of time. In this perspective, the values of endogenous parameters are the outcome of a dynamical process characterized by agent's cognitive capacities and environmental constraints.
An Algorithm to Test if a Given Circular HDOL-Language Avoids a Pattern

To prove that a pattern p is avoidable on a given alphabet, one has to construct an innnite language L that avoids p. Usually, L is a DOL-language (obtained by iterating a morphism h) or a HDOL-language (obtained by coding a DOL-language with another morphism g). Our purpose is to nd an algorithm to test, given a HDOL-system G, whether the language L(G) generated by this system avoids p. We rst deene the notions of circular morphism, circular DOL-system and circular HDOL-system, and we show how to compute the inverse image of a pattern by a circular morphism. Then we prove that by computing successive inverse images of p, we can decide whether the language L(G) avoids p for any xed pattern p (which may even contain constants), provided that the HDOL-system G is circular and expansive.
The Influence of Team Prosocial Motivation on Emergent States and Shared Leadership

Despite the growing body of research on shared leadership, relatively little is known about the antecedents of shared leadership. The following study examined the effects of team prosocial motivation on team emergent states (i.e., team empowerment, psychological safety) and shared leadership. Drawing on motivational theories (e.g., self-determination theory), it was hypothesized that team empowerment and psychological safety would mediate the relationship between team prosocial motivation and shared leadership. Also, in line with the social identity and self-categorization perspectives, it was hypothesized that team surface-level diversity (racial diversity, gender diversity, faultline strength) would moderate the effects of team prosocial motivation on emergent states and shared leadership, such that the relationships between team prosocial motivation and emergent states and shared leadership would be weaker when surface-level diversity was high as opposed to low. Undergraduate and MBA students participated in two leaderless team discussion exercises (customer service, executive selection) within the context of an assessment center. Students were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study conditions (low vs. high team prosocial motivation) and completed the exercises in five-person teams (107 teams total). Results from mediation and moderated mediation regression analyses did not provide support for the aforementioned hypotheses. Results from exploratory analyses indicated that team trait prosocial motivation, team impression management motives, and team intrinsic motivation predicted shared leadership. Further, results from exploratory analyses revealed a significant interaction effect
Common Ancestors in a Generalized Moran model

The Moran model is used in population genetics as a simple way to describe the stochastic evolution of a biological population. The model assumes that the population has a fixed size N and that it evolves through random reproduction events, in which one individual dies and is replaced by a newborn. Parents of the newborn individual are chosen at random from the population. In the classical Moran model, only one parent is chosen. In this paper we introduce a generalized version of the model such that, with a probability 1− p, the new individual will have two parents. The model is inspired by a two-parent version of the Wright–Fisher model. We study the case where p is strictly less than 1. If we trace the ancestry of a present-day population backwards in time, we will find ancestors who are common to the entire population. We show that the time to the most recent common ancestor is, for large N , closely distributed around 2 1−p ln N generations. Further back in history, there will be several common ancestors alive at the same time. We do not need to go further back than about 3 1−p ln N generations to reach the state where everyone is either a common ancestor of all or not an ancestor of anyone. At this time, the number of common ancestors has a probability distribution which can be expressed in explicit form.
An Experimental Study of LSTM Encoder-Decoder Model for Text Simplification

Text simplification (TS) aims to reduce the lexical and structural complexity of a text, while still retaining the semantic meaning. Current automatic TS techniques are limited to either lexical-level applications or manually defining a large amount of rules. Since deep neural networks are powerful models that have achieved excellent performance over many difficult tasks, in this paper, we propose to use the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Encoder-Decoder model for sentence level TS, which makes minimal assumptions about word sequence. We conduct preliminary experiments to find that the model is able to learn operation rules such as reversing, sorting and replacing from sequence pairs, which shows that the model may potentially discover and apply rules such as modifying sentence structure, substituting words, and removing words for TS.
Optimal joint antenna selection and power adaptation in underlay cognitive radios

Transmit antenna selection (AS) is a popular, low hardware complexity technique that improves the performance of an underlay cognitive radio system, in which a secondary transmitter can transmit when the primary is on but under tight constraints on the interference it causes to the primary. The underlay interference constraint fundamentally changes the criterion used to select the antenna because the channel gains to the secondary and primary receivers must be both taken into account. We develop a novel and optimal joint AS and transmit power adaptation policy that minimizes a Chernoff upper bound on the symbol error probability (SEP) at the secondary receiver subject to an average transmit power constraint and an average primary interference constraint. Explicit expressions for the optimal antenna and power are provided in terms of the channel gains to the primary and secondary receivers. The SEP of the optimal policy is at least an order of magnitude lower than that achieved by several ad hoc selection rules proposed in the literature and even the optimal antenna selection rule for the case where the transmit power is either zero or a fixed value.
A study of students’ motivation using the augmented reality science textbook

Science plays a major role in assisting Malaysia to achieve the developed nation status by 2020. However, over a few decades, Malaysia is facing a downward trend in the number of students pursuing careers and higher education in science related fields. Since school is the first platform where students learn science, a new learning approach needs to be introduced to motivate them towards science learning. The aim of this study is to determine whether the intervention of the enhanced science textbook using augmented reality contributes to the learning process of lower secondary school students in science. The study was carried out among a sample of 70 lower secondary school students. Pearson Correlation and Regression analyses were used to determine the effects of ease of use, engaging, enjoyment and fun on students’ motivation in using the augmented reality science textbook for science learning. The results provide empirical support for the positive and statistically significant relationship between engagi.
Fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control using set-membership approaches: Application to real case studies

Fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control using set-membership approaches: Application to real case studies This paper reviews the use of set-membership methods in fault diagnosis (FD) and fault tolerant control (FTC). Setmembership methods use a deterministic unknown-but-bounded description of noise and parametric uncertainty (interval models). These methods aims at checking the consistency between observed and predicted behaviour by using simple sets to approximate the exact set of possible behaviour (in the parameter or the state space). When an inconsistency is detected between the measured and predicted behaviours obtained using a faultless system model, a fault can be indicated. Otherwise, nothing can be stated. The same principle can be used to identify interval models for fault detection and to develop methods for fault tolerance evaluation. Finally, some real applications will be used to illustrate the usefulness and performance of set-membership methods for FD and FTC.
A prospective study of chronic herpes simplex virus infection and recurrent herpes labialis in humans.

Oral and parotid secretion specimens were collected three times each week and serum was collected at monthly intervals from 10 healthy adult volunteers for 5 months. Herpes simplex virus was isolated in rabbit kidney tissue cultures 22 times from oral secretions (3.6%), but all parotid saliva specimens were negative for virus. Eight individuals shed herpesvirus, and virus was isolated from one individual seven times. Seven of the eight volunteers who shed herpesvirus experienced 14 episodes of herpes labialis. Seven of 29 (24.1%) specimens of oral secretion obtained while a lesion was present were positive for herpesvirus, whereas only 11 of 494 (2.2%) obtained more than 7 days after a lesion occurred were positive. Serum-neutralizing antibody titers ranged from 1:8 to 1:1024 and remained constant irrespective of whether herpesvirus was isolated or herpetic lesions occurred. Neither the frequency of virus isolations nor the number of herpetic lesions were related to the level of serum-neutralizing antibody. Antibody activity was not detected in pooled, concentrated specimens of parotid saliva, and only 6 of 60 concentrated specimens of oral secretion contained low titers of neutralizing activity despite good levels of IgA. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation studies showed that this antibody activity was associated with 7S IgG rather than with 11S IgA. These findings suggest that herpesvirus chronically infects a site with access to the mouth, but that the parotid glands are not such a site; that the magnitude of serum antibody does not influence shedding of herpesvirus or the occurrence of herptic lesions; and that local IgA antibody does not appear to play a role in recurrent herpes labialis.
Validation of the Lithuanian version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3

Our aim was to evaluate the factor structure and measure the invariance according to gender of a Lithuanian version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 with a sample of 825 Lithuanian adolescent boys and girls. As a result of exploratory factor analysis we derived 4 factors corresponding to each of the 4 subscales of the original questionnaire, with 2 items (19 and 28) dropped. The Cronbach’s alpha of each subscale ranged between . 83 and . 94. The structural model in the total sample of boys and girls fitted the data well as the majority of indices of fit were acceptable. Invariance across genders was not strong. The results supported the use of the questionnaire with Lithuanian adolescents, but, using the version we used in this study, there are limited possibilities to compare the results according to gender.
Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis: An update

This guideline has been approved by the AASLD and represents the position of the Association. These recommendations provide a data-supported approach. They are based on the following: (1) formal review and analysis of the recently-published world literature on the topic (Medline search); (2) American College of Physicians Manual for Assessing Health Practices and Designing Practice Guidelines1; (3) guideline policies, including the AASLD Policy on the Development and Use of Practice Guidelines and the American Gastroenterological Association Policy Statement on Guidelines2; and (4) the author’s decades of experience caring for patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Intended for use by physicians, these recommendations suggest preferred approaches to the diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive aspects of care. They are intended to be flexible, in contrast to standards of care, which are inflexible policies to be followed in every case. Specific recommendations are based on relevant published information. To more fully characterize the quality of evidence supporting recommendations, the Practice Guidelines Committee of the AASLD requires a Class (reflecting benefit versus risk) and Level (assessing strength or certainty) of Evidence to be assigned and reported with each recommendation (Table 1, adapted from the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association Practice Guidelines3). 4 These guidelines were developed for the care of adult patients with clinically detectable ascites. Although the general approach may be applicable to children, the pediatric database is much smaller and there may be unanticipated differences between adults and children. Patients with ascites detected only by imaging modalities but not yet clinically evident are excluded because of the lack of published information regarding the natural history of this entity. A Medline search from 1966 through 2007 was performed; search terms included ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, diet therapy, drug therapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and therapy. The search involved only articles published in English and involving humans. A manual search of the author’s files and recent abstracts was also performed. The search yielded 2115 articles including 153 published since a similar search was performed in 2002 in preparation for writing the previous guideline on ascites.
How Important are Search Frictions for Employment Dynamics ?

We formulate a model of employment with search frictions, convex adjustment costs, and imperfect competition in the product market. We derive a structural equation for job creation, which is estimated on firm-level data. The results show that real wage costs and product market demand are important for employment dynamics. There is no evidence that unemployed workers contribute to job creation, as would be expected if search frictions were important for medium term employment dynamics.
Test Review: Wiig, E. H., Semel, E., & Secord, W. A. (2013). Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fifth Edition (CELF-5)

The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fifth Edition (CELF-5; Wiig, Semel, & Secord, 2013) is a recently updated battery of tests designed to assess, diagnose, and measure changes in language and communication in individuals 5 to 21 years of age. Designed to identify language strengths and weaknesses, determine service eligibility, provide intervention strategies, and measure intervention efficacy, the CELF-5 assesses both oral and written language as well as non-verbal communication skills. As a Level B measure, the CELF-5 can be administered by speech and language pathologists, school psychologists, special educators, and qualified diagnosticians with a master’s degree or certification in standardized testing. The core tests can be completed within 30 to 45 min, whereas the full battery may take 90 to 120 min. The measure includes an Examiner’s Manual, Technical Manual, two Stimulus Books, 25 copies of Record Forms 1 and 2, 10 copies of Reading and Writing Supplements 1 and 2, 50 Observational Rating Scales, and 30 Q-global Score Reports. The Examiner’s Manual outlines the recommended assessment process and provides instructions for administration, scoring, and interpretation of subtests as well as suggestions for intervention and further assessment. The Technical Manual provides details of the purpose, design, development, standardization, and psychometric properties of each subtest.
Carbon dioxide stimulation of photosynthesis in Liquidambar styraciflua is not sustained during a 12-year field experiment

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have increased by∼25% over the last 50 years. While more carbon dioxide can initially stimulate plant photosynthesis, we found that long-term (12 years) exposure of sweetgum trees to elevated carbon dioxide resulted in no stimulation of photosynthesis. The loss of initial increases in photosynthesis was due to low leaf nitrogen levels, which suggests other limiting resources may moderate future impacts of elevated carbon dioxide on photosynthesis.
The terrible peril: a historical perspective on the venereal diseases.

I have chosen a historical theme for my lecture today to mark the creation of the first chair of genitourinary medicine in the world. The first part is concerned with the events leading to the creation of an organised clinical service for the venereal diseases in the UK and its subsequent growth. In the second part I will examine the history of the Middlesex Hospital in relation to these diseases and the development of the new academic depart ment. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries govern ment reports and legislation did not manage to control these diseases, and, if anything, created more controversy than the illnesses themselves. The Contagious Diseases Acts of 1864 and 1866 required the compulsory registration and police super vision of all prostitutes plus regular examinations and even compulsory hospital detention. The Royal Commission on Poor Laws of 1909 also recommended detention orders for patients with these diseases, and the Royal Commission on Divorce of 1912 reported that the passing on of a venereal disease was an act of cruelty second to none as grounds for divorce. Society was happier ignoring the problems of these illnesses and, if forced to face them, developed suitable defence mechanisms. One was to project the blame on to the prostitute, or treat her as a non-person. George Vivian Poore, discussing the rape of prostitutes by Jack the Ripper in his book on medical jurisprudence, maintained that they were not "violated because most of them were prostitutes. "1 Other mechanisms to contain the realities of the problem were by detaining the patient or classifying the passing on of such disease as cruelty. The medical profession often added to this censorious and moralistic sup pression. Dr Samuel Solly, president of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, giving evidence to a government com mittee, said of syphilis that it was self-inflicted, was avoidable by refraining from sexual activity, and was "intended as a punishment for our sins and that we should not interfere in the matter. "2 Even though this was said in 1868, attitudes had not greatly changed by the turn of the century, and some doctors still refused to treat venereal diseases. It was reported that one had written to a patient as follows, "You have had the disease one year, and I hope it may plague you many more to punish you for your sins and I would not think of treating you. "3
Gas dynamics and large-scale morphology of the Milky Way galaxy

We present a new model for the gas dynamics in the galactic disc inside the orbit of the Sun. Quasi-equilibrium flow solutions are determined in the gravitational potential of the deprojected COBE near-infrared bar and disc, complemented by a central cusp and, in some models, an outer halo. These models generically lead to four-armed spiral structure between corotation of the bar and the solar circle; their large-scale morphology is not sensitive to the precise value of the pattern speed of the bar, to the orientation of the bar with respect to the observer, or to whether or not the spiral arms carry mass. Our best model provides a coherent interpretation of many observed gas dynamical features. Its four-armed spiral structure outside corotation reproduces quantitatively the directions to the five main spiral arm tangents at |l|≤60 observed in a variety of tracers. The 3-kpc arm is identified with one of the model arms emanating from the ends of the bar, extending into the corotation region. The model features an inner gas disc with a cusped orbit shock transition to an x2 orbit disc of radius R∼150 pc. The corotation radius of the bar is fairly well constrained at Rc≃3.5±0.5 kpc. The best value for the orientation angle of the bar is probably 20--25, but the uncertainty is large since no detailed quantitative fit to all features in the observed (l,v) diagrams is yet possible. The Galactic terminal velocity curve from H I and CO observations out to l≃±45 (∼5 kpc) is approximately described by a maximal disc model with constant mass-to-light ratio for the near-infrared bulge and disc.
INFLATION DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN PORTUGAL AND GERMANY

The ratio of non-tradable goods price to tradable goods price has recorded a faster growth in Portugal than in Germany over the past decades. This trend was accompanied by similar developments in the ratio of labour productivity in the tradable goods sector to the non-tradable goods sector. Thus, assuming that relative productivity trends are maintained and that the purchasing power parity (PPP) is verified in the tradable goods sector in the long run, Portugal will likely record an average annual equilibrium real appreciation vis-a-vis Germany. Given Portugal’s participation in the euro area, this appreciation implies a positive annual average inflation differential vis-a-vis Germany. The value estimated for this differential stands close to the average of the results obtained by Canzoneri et al (1998) for the main euro area countries. The results obtained must be interpreted with caution. On the one hand, deviations from perfect competition suggest that the real convergence of productivity will unlikely be the single factor to induce inflation differentials. On the other hand, it is reasonable to anticipate that the inflation differential will tend to narrow with the process of real convergence.
Photoionizing feedback in star cluster formation

We present the first ever hydrodynamic calculations of star cluster formation that incorporate the effect of feedback from ionizing radiation. In our simulations, the ionizing source forms in the cluster core at the intersection of several dense filaments of inflowing gas. We show that these filaments collimate ionized outflows and suggest such an environmental origin for at least some observed outflows in regions of massive star formation. Our simulations show both positive feedback (i.e. promotion of star formation in neutral gas compressed by expanding H ii regions) and negative feedback (i.e. suppression of the accretion flow in to the central regions). We show that the volume filling factor of ionized gas is very different in our simulations from the result from the case where the central source interacted with an azimuthally smoothed gas density distribution. As expected, gas density is the key parameter in determining whether or not clusters are unbound by photoionizing radiation. Nevertheless, we find – on account of the acceleration of a small fraction of the gas to high velocities in the outflows – that the deposition in the gas of an energy that exceeds the binding energy of the cluster is not a sufficient criterion for unbinding the bulk of the cluster mass.