Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPING LANGUAGE GAMES TO TEACH SPEAKING SKILL FOR INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS

This research aims at developing language games to teach speaking for the students joining English Study club as extra-curricular program at one of the State Islamic Senior High Schools in Gresik, Indonesia. It tries to develop the suitable speaking games and to investigate the students‘ responses toward the developed games. This research and development (R&D) is conducted by adapting Thiagarajan‘s (1974) model called 4D which consists of Defining, Designing, Developing, and Disseminating. The data were gained through interview and questionnaire, and observation checklist. The interview is conducted to study the frontend, specifying instructional objectives, and learner analysis. The questionnaire is employed to do task-concept analysis, to get the students‘ responses, and to submit the experts‘ appraisal. Meanwhile, the checklist is used to conduct development testing. Finally, the product of the study is in the form of a handbook entitled ―A Library of Games‖ which comprises 3 units and 50 kinds of games for teaching speaking skill. Keywords: language games, speaking skill, English study club
Combination of Multiple Bipartite Ranking for Web Content Quality Evaluation

AbstractWeb content quality estimation is crucial to various web content process-ing applications. Our previous work applied Bagging + C4.5 to achive thebest results on the ECML/PKDD Discovery Challenge 2010, which is thecomibination of many point-wise rankinig models. In this paper, we combinemultiple pair-wise bipartite ranking learner to solve the multi-partite rankingproblems for the web quality estimation. In encoding stage, we present theternary encoding and the binary coding extending each rank value to L − 1(L is the number of the diﬀerent ranking value). For the decoding, we discussthe combination of multiple ranking results from multiple bipartite rankingmodels with the predeﬁned weighting and the adaptive weighting. The ex-periments on ECML/PKDD 2010 Discovery Challenge datasets show that ∗ Corresponding author. Tel: +86-0371-67756527 Emailaddresses: xbjin@nlpr.ia. ac.cn(Xiao-Bo Jin), gengguanggang@cnnic.cn(Guang-Gang Geng), zdxzzit@hotmail.com(Dexian Zhang) PreprintsubmittedtoKnowledge-Based Systems January11,2014
The Impacts of Online Grassroots Criticism on Citizen Satisfaction With Government: An Inconsistent Mediation Model

Criticism of government is prevalent on news websites all over the world, but not many studies have investigated its influence on citizen satisfaction with government. This study proposes an inconsistent mediation model, which theorizes impacts on citizen government satisfaction coming from both the content of criticism and the context within which the message is delivered. The model is contextualized to and tested in China where Internet censorship is heavy and widespread. Based on an experiment, this study finds that the context-based impact of online criticism leads to an increase in perceived freedom of speech and citizen satisfaction with government. The context-based effect largely offsets the negative influence incurred by the content of criticism, but the patterns are not consistent across news genres.
Implementation Issues for the Reliable a Priori Shortest Path Problem

Solution techniques are studied for the problem of finding a priori paths that are shortest to ensure a specified probability of on-time arrival in a stochastic network. A new discretization scheme called α-discrete is proposed. The scheme is well suited to large-scale applications because it does not depend on problem-specific parameters. A procedure for evaluating convolution integrals based on the new scheme is given, and its complexity is analyzed. Other implementation strategies also are discussed to improve the computational performance of the exact yet nondeterministic polynomial label-correcting algorithm. These include an approximate method based on extreme dominance and two cycle-avoidance strategies. Comprehensive numerical experiments are conducted to test the effects of the proposed implementation strategies using different networks and different distribution types.
Characterisation of impulse noise effects on space-time block-coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal reception

This correspondence presents the characterisation of impulse noise effects on the space-time block-coded orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (STBC-OFDM) symbol reception, in which the conventional OFDM system is combined with the antenna-diversity/spatial-diversity in order to achieve the high data transmission rates. The weak impulse noise may be combated by the longer OFDM symbol duration, in which the total energy of noise spreads among the simultaneously transmitted OFDM sub-carriers irrespective of the impulse noise energy distribution. Specifically, the focus of the presented work is on “noise bucket” effect, in which the STBC-OFDM system is considered to be working in the impulsive environment. It is demonstrated by simulation results that for the occurrence of a significant number of impulses per symbol duration, the noise distribution at the input of the receiver’s final decision device is approximately Gaussian. Therefore for simulation purpose, the impulsive environment may be generated by the mere incorporation of equivalent Gaussian noise. Besides, some simulation results are presented using 16-QAM / STBC-OFDM system to give some insight into the symbol error rate variations with respect to the different number of sub-carriers and characteristics of impulsive environment. Key words: Impulse noise, space-time block-coded (STBC), orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing, Gaussian distribution, i nverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT), M-ary QAM.
Turbulent natural convection along a vertical plate immersed in a stably stratified fluid

The paper considers the moderately turbulent natural convection flow of a stably stratified fluid along an infinite vertical plate (wall). Attention is restricted to statistically stationary flow driven by constant surface forcing (heating), with Prandtl number of unity. The flow is controlled by the surface energy production rate Fs, molecular viscosity/diffusivity ν and ambient stratification in terms of the Brunt–Väisälä (buoyancy) frequency N. Following the transition from a laminar to a turbulent regime, the simulated flow enters a quasi-stationary oscillatory phase. In this phase, turbulent fluctuations gradually fade out with distance from the wall, while periodic laminar oscillations persist over much larger distances before they fade out. The scaled mean velocity, scaled mean buoyancy and scaled second-order turbulence statistics display a universal behaviour as functions of distance from the wall for given value of dimensionless combination Fs/(νN2) that may be interpreted as an integral Reynolds number. In the conducted numerical experiments, this number varied in the range from 2000 to 5000.
Synchronic variation and diachronic change in the expression of indefinite reference: evidence from historical German

Abstract The present article discusses the semantic and discourse-pragmatic properties of different competing types of indefinite noun phrases in Old High German, the earliest attested period of German. In particular, it investigates the behavior of indefinites marked by sum, ein and various interrogative-based determiners, with respect to properties considered constitutive of specific indefinites from a theoretic and cross-linguistic perspective. Upon analyzing newly retrieved corpus data, the paper shows that already at the beginning of the attestation, all marked types of indefinites in historical German violate basic conditions of specificity, understood in terms of any of the relevant notions distinguished in the literature. This result rejects previous scenarios according to which marked indefinites in historical German are correlates of specific reference and challenges the explanation of the diachronic development of ein from a numeral towards an indefinite determiner via an assumed separate, intermediate stage during which it assigns referential-specific interpretation to the noun phrase.
Deafness, story understanding, and theory of mind.

The results of a number of studies indicate that prelingually deaf children raised in a spoken language environnent appear to have difficulty in understanding and retelling stories. Vari ous explanations have been offered: story understanding may be impaired by lack of background knowledge and vocabu lary; the lack of access to the phonology of spoken language may reduce the capacity of short-term or working memory, preventing the child from retaining story events and organiz ing them into a meaningful interpretation; it has also been suggested that deaf children may lack story schemata and so cannot organize the incoming material. Other work, however, indicates that deaf children's story production can be excel lent when elicited and evaluated by sensitive methods that place minimal emphasis upon English language. In this ar ticle, we argue that, in order to understand such apparent discrepancies, story understanding must be viewed within a broader perspective, including considerations of theory of mind and early socialization.
Structural responses to the obesity and non‐communicable diseases epidemic: the Chilean Law of Food Labeling and Advertising

In 12 July 2012, the Chilean Senate approved the Law of Food Labeling and Advertising, resulting from the joint efforts of a group of health professionals, researchers and legislators who proposed a regulatory framework in support of healthy diets and active living. Its goal was to curb the ongoing epidemic increase of obesity and non‐communicable diseases. Two actions included: (i) improving point of food purchase consumer information by incorporating easy‐to‐understand front‐of‐packages labeling and specific messages addressing critical nutrients, and (ii) decreasing children's exposure to unhealthy foods by restricting marketing, advertising and sales. We summarize the work related to the law's release and discuss the conclusions reached by the various expert committees that were convened by the Ministry of Health to guide the development of the regulatory norms. Throughout the process, the food industry has overtly expressed its disagreement with the regulatory effort. The final content of the regulatory norms is still pending; however there are suggestions that its implementation will be delayed and might be modified based on the industry lobbying actions. These lessons should contribute to show the need of anticipating and addressing potential barriers to obesity‐prevention policy implementation, particularly with respect to the role of the private sector.
An Empirical Investigation of Culture Effects and Social Desirability Bias in Evaluations of Questionable Business Practices by Chinese and Canadian Business Students

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Canadian business students with respect to their assessment of the ethicality of various business behaviours. Using a sample of business students, the results indicate cultural divergence; the Chinese and Canadians exhibit different ethical attitudes towards questionable business practices. The Canadian students also demonstrate a stronger social desirability bias (a tendency to deny socially unacceptable actions and to admit to socially desirable ones) than do the Chinese business students. Finally, the stronger the social desirability bias, the more apt the student was to assess the questionable business activity as unethical.
Variables related to smoking initiation among students in public and private high schools in the city of Belém, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE [corrected] To analyze the variables related to smoking initiation among adolescent students in two high schools (one public and one private) in the city of Belém, Brazil, in 2005. METHODS An anonymous self-report questionnaire - comprising 27 closed questions regarding smoking experimentation, smoking habit, access to buying cigarettes, reasons for smoking experimentation, self-perception regarding academic performance, conversations about smoking with the family, and socioeconomic level - was used for data collection. The study comprised 1520 students: 724 (47.6%) from the private school and 796 (52.4%) from the public school. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 16.5 years. Of the 1520 students evaluated, 669 (44%) reported experimenting with smoking, and 11% smoked regularly. In the public school and the private school, respectively, 51.2% and 36.7% of the participants had experimented with smoking (p = 0); 14.6% and 7%, respectively, were regular smokers (p = 0). We found that, in both schools, the following factors were associated with smoking initiation and current smoking: curiosity, presence of smokers as social contacts, not being praised for not smoking, and perceiving oneself as having poor or mediocre academic performance. Socioeconomic level was found to be associated with experimentation and current smoking only among experimenters of higher socioeconomic classes (A and B) in the private school. CONCLUSIONS Among the students evaluated, the variable most closely associated with smoking was curiosity. Experimentation and regular tobacco use were more common in the public school than in the private school.
The effect of surface colour on the formation of marine micro and macrofouling communities

The effect of substratum colour on the formation of micro- and macro fouling communities was investigated. Acrylic tiles, painted either black or white were covered with transparent sheets in order to ensure similar surface properties. All substrata were exposed to biofouling at 1 m depth for 40 d in the Marina Bandar al Rowdha (Muscat, Sea of Oman). Studies were conducted in 2010 over a time course of 5, 10 and 20 d, and in 2012 samples were collected at 7, 14 and 21 d. The densities of bacteria on the black and white substrata were similar with the exception of day 10, when the black substrata had a higher abundance than white ones. Pyrosequencing via 454 of 16S rRNA genes of bacteria from white and black substrata revealed that Alphaproteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant groups. SIMPER analysis demonstrated that bacterial phylotypes (uncultured Gammaproteobacteria, Actibacter, Gaetbulicola, Thalassobius and Silicibacter) and the diatoms (Navicula directa, Navicula sp. and Nitzschia sp.) contributed to the dissimilarities between communities developed on white and black substrata. At day 20, the highest amount of chlorophyll a was recorded in biofilms developed on black substrata. SIMPER analysis showed that Folliculina sp. , Ulva sp. and Balanus amphitrite were the major macro fouling species that contributed to the dissimilarities between the communities formed on white and black substrata. Higher densities of these species were observed on black tiles. The results emphasise the effect of substratum colour on the formation of micro and macro fouling communities; substratum colour should to be taken into account in future studies.
The Role of Psychology in Policing: An Overview

Introduction Most police work is concerned with human behaviour such as the interrogation of witnesses, and the handling of hostage situations where psychology is of particular relevance. Over recent years, psychologists (Bonifacio, 1991; Chandler, 1990; Horncastle, 1985) have become involved in studying police work, and Volckens (1992) is aware of an emerging field of "police psychology". It has appeared that psychological theories, methods, and research findings should be relevant and useful to policing. Despite this, most psychological studies are nevertheless subjected to harsh criticisms for their inconclusiveness while its theories are impractical. In view of the controversy, this article attempts to examine various aspects of psychology which bear upon the core policing tasks. Before answering the question of whether psychology is useful to the police, it is worth defining what is meant by "usefulness".
Molecular Image Analysis: Quantitative Description and Classification of the Nuclear Lamina in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The nuclear lamina is an intermediate filament network that provides a structural framework for the cell nucleus. Changes in lamina structure are found during changes in cell fate such as cell division or cell death and are associated with human diseases. An unbiased method that quantifies changes in lamina shape can provide information on cells undergoing changes in cellular functions. We have developed an image processing methodology that finds and quantifies the 3D structure of the nuclear lamina. We show that measurements on such images can be used for cell classification and provide information concerning protein spatial localization in this structure. To demonstrate the efficacy of this method, we compared the lamina of unmanipulated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) at passage 4 to cells activated for apoptosis. A statistically significant classification was found between the two populations.
Multiple pregnancies and its relationship with the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

Background The influence of multiple gestation on the occurrence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is still not completely understood. Objectives To verify the incidence of any stage of ROP and threshold ROP in singletons and in multiple gestation among preterm infants. Methods This was an institutional, prospective, and descriptive cohort study, which included preterm newborns with birth weight (BW) of 1500 g or less and/or gestational age (GA) of 32 weeks or less, as admitted to the neonatal units at Laranjeiras and Amparo Hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between January 2001 and July 2005, and whom remained hospitalized for at least 28 days. There were no exclusion criteria. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 included multiples; and Group 2 consisted of singletons. Results A total of 159 infants that remained in neonatal unit care for at least 28 days were included in this study. Group 1 comprised 56 (35%) multiples; and Group 2 comprised 103 (65%) singletons. Mean BW was 1072 g ± 272 and 1089 g ± 282 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (analysis of variance [ANOVA] P > 0.05). Mean GA among multiple gestation (Group 1) was 29 weeks ± 2.1; and 29 weeks ± 2.4 among singletons (Group 2) (ANOVA P > 0.05). Days in oxygen therapy ranged from 0 to 188 days. Median among Group 1 was 15 days, while median in Group 2 was 10 days (Kruskal–Wallis P > 0.05). Any stage ROP was detected in 66 (41.5%) of the whole cohort comprising 159 babies. Among the 56 multiples, 30 (53.6%) achieved any stage ROP, and among 103 singletons, 36 (35%) achieved any stage ROP (Chi-square test P < 0.05). Threshold ROP occurred in 12 (7.5%) of the 159 patients included. Three (5.3%) patients from Group 1 and nine (8.7%) patients in Group 2 reached threshold ROP needing laser treatment (Fisher’s exact test P > 0.05). Conclusion This study showed higher frequency of any stage of ROP in twins and triplets but not regarding threshold disease. Because of the relatively small number of patients in this sample, other studies are necessary to determine if gemelarity plays a role in the occurrence of ROP.
Spectral mixing of rhythmic neuronal signals in sensory cortex

The ability to compute the difference between two frequencies depends on a nonlinear operation that mixes two periodic signals. Behavioral and psychophysical evidence suggest that such mixing is likely to occur in the mammalian nervous system as a means to compare two rhythmic sensory signals, such as occurs in human audition, and as a means to lock an intrinsic rhythm to a sensory input. However, a neurological substrate for mixing has not been identified. Here we address the issue of nonlinear mixing of neuronal activity in the vibrissa primary sensory cortex of rat, a region that receives intrinsic as well as sensory-driven rhythmic input during natural whisking. In our preparation, the intrinsic signal originates from cortical oscillations that were induced by anesthetics, and the extrinsic input is introduced by periodic stimulation of vibrissae. We observed that the local extracellular current in vibrissa primary sensory cortex contained oscillatory components at the sum and difference of the intrinsic and extrinsic frequencies. In complementary experiments, we observed that the simultaneous stimulation of contralateral and ipsilateral vibrissae at different frequencies also led to current flow at the sum and difference frequencies. We show theoretically that the relative amplitudes of the observed mixture terms can be accounted for by a threshold nonlinearity in the input–output relation of the underlying neurons. In general, our results provide a neurological substrate for the modulation and demodulation of rhythmic neuronal signals for sensory coding and feedback stabilization of motor output.
Identification of MicroRNAs from Eugenia uniflora by High-Throughput Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis

Background microRNAs or miRNAs are small non-coding regulatory RNAs that play important functions in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by targeting mRNAs for degradation or inhibiting protein translation. Eugenia uniflora is a plant native to tropical America with pharmacological and ecological importance, and there have been no previous studies concerning its gene expression and regulation. To date, no miRNAs have been reported in Myrtaceae species. Results Small RNA and RNA-seq libraries were constructed to identify miRNAs and pre-miRNAs in Eugenia uniflora. Solexa technology was used to perform high throughput sequencing of the library, and the data obtained were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. From 14,489,131 small RNA clean reads, we obtained 1,852,722 mature miRNA sequences representing 45 conserved families that have been identified in other plant species. Further analysis using contigs assembled from RNA-seq allowed the prediction of secondary structures of 25 known and 17 novel pre-miRNAs. The expression of twenty-seven identified miRNAs was also validated using RT-PCR assays. Potential targets were predicted for the most abundant mature miRNAs in the identified pre-miRNAs based on sequence homology. Conclusions This study is the first large scale identification of miRNAs and their potential targets from a species of the Myrtaceae family without genomic sequence resources. Our study provides more information about the evolutionary conservation of the regulatory network of miRNAs in plants and highlights species-specific miRNAs.
Surgical Treatment of Endometrial Cancer and Atypical Hyperplasia: A Trend Shift from Laparotomy to Laparoscopy

Background. Laparoscopic hysterectomy has proved to be a safe alternative to open surgery in women with benign indications. Few studies compare laparotomy and laparoscopy in gynecologic oncology, and the objective of this study was to analyze the feasibility and development of laparoscopic surgery in endometrial cancer patients. Material and Methods. Records from all women having a hysterectomy due to premalignant or malignant endometrial changes during the years 2002–2009 were examined retrospectively. Results. A total of 521 hysterectomies were performed during the study period. Laparoscopy was performed in about 20% of the cases in the first two years, increasing to 83% in the last year of the period. Moreover, the laparoscopic technique was increasingly applied in older women, more obese women and in women with high-risk preoperative diagnosis, without increasing the complication rate. Conclusions. As for benign indications, laparoscopic hysterectomy in endometrial cancer patients should be preferred whenever possible.