Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altered Prelimbic Cortex Output during Cue-Elicited Drug Seeking

Cocaine treatment paired with environmental cues establishes a conditioned place preference (CPP) for that environment. After expression of this preference, rats show elevated levels of immediate early genes (IEGs; e.g. c-fos) in the prelimbic cortex (PrL), basolateral amygdala complex (BLC), and nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) compared with drug-unpaired controls. These findings, together with the known connections between these regions, suggest that they function as a circuit contributing to cue-elicited craving. To investigate the function of this circuit during drug-seeking, we characterized Fos immunoreactivity of particular neuron classes in each region. To distinguish between IEG activation of GABAergic and non-GABAergic (principally, excitatory projection) neurons, we combined Fos immunohistochemistry with immunohistochemistry for glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) or calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII) proteins. Within the BLC and NAcc of drug-paired and drug-unpaired animals tested for CPP, we observed no significant differences in the percentage of Fos-immunoreactive (IR) cells that were also GAD67-IR. We also observed no group difference in the degree of Fos/CAMKII overlap in the BLC. However, in PrL, the degree of Fos/GAD67 overlap in the drug-paired group was significantly higher than in the drug-unpaired group. Also, the Fos/CAMKII overlap in the entire PrL as well as just its layer V was significantly lower in the drug-paired animals compared with controls. These findings suggest that, during CPP expression in cocaine-paired animals, the PrL GABAergic interneurons are preferentially activated while PrL output is attenuated, perhaps through greater inhibition of layer V pyramidal neurons. These results suggest a shifting prefrontal cortex cell population response during cocaine-seeking.
Time orientation and temporal variation across work groups: Implications for group and organizational communication

This investigation sought to identify theoretically coherent and empirically robust dimensions underlying work group members’ perceptions of time (RQ1). We also tested the degree to which members’ time orientation varied across work groups (H1). Utilizing data from a self‐administered questionnaire completed by 337 employees of a national cable subcontractor with offices located in three regions of the United States, we identified three theoretically significant dimensions of time—separation, concurrency, and flexibility—via factor analysis (RQ1). The results of a discriminant function analysis conducted to test temporal differences among organizational groups supported H1. The findings suggest that work groups differ in theoretically meaningful ways with regard to time orientation and that their varied communication demands and patterns may contribute to these differences. Qualitative data are used to elaborate these results. Implications of these findings for communication, in general, and for group and organizational studies, in particular, are discussed, and several propositions for future research are offered.
Disentangling Metaphor from Context: An ERP Study

A large body of electrophysiological literature showed that metaphor comprehension elicits two different event-related brain potential responses, namely the so-called N400 and P600 components. Yet most of these studies test metaphor in isolation while in natural conversation metaphors do not come out of the blue but embedded in linguistic and extra-linguistic context. This study aimed at assessing the role of context in the metaphor comprehension process. We recorded EEG activity while participants were presented with metaphors and equivalent literal expressions in a minimal context (Experiment 1) and in a supportive context where the word expressing the ground between the metaphor's topic and vehicle was made explicit (Experiment 2). The N400 effect was visible only in minimal context, whereas the P600 was visible both in the absence and in the presence of contextual cues. These findings suggest that the N400 observed for metaphor is related to contextual aspects, possibly indexing contextual expectations on upcoming words that guide lexical access and retrieval, while the P600 seems to reflect truly pragmatic interpretative processes needed to make sense of a metaphor and derive the speaker's meaning, also in the presence of contextual cues. In sum, previous information in the linguistic context biases toward a metaphorical interpretation but does not suppress interpretative pragmatic mechanisms to establish the intended meaning.
Law-making at nisi prius in the early 1800s

nisi prius proceedings were fact-centred disputes with few occasions to declare or establish principles of law, and those occasions that did arise would typically be saved and put to the full court by a ‘case stated’; . questions of evidence or concerning requisites of proof did arise at nisi prius and precipitated judicial rulings, but the process by which a ‘law of evidence’ was generated by such rulings was slow and fitful; and . jury verdicts were largely inscrutable.
Increased serum resistin level is associated with coronary heart disease

To explore the relationship between the serum resistin level and different types of coronary heart diseases (CHD). Literature was retrieved by formal searching of PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, China Biological Medicine Database (SinoMed) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and by hand searching of reference lists of related articles. RevMan5.3 statistical software was utilized for processing and analysis. A total of 22 literatures involving 2070 subjects were included. Meta-analysis showed that the level of serum resistin in the patients with stable angina (SA), unstable angina(UA) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were significantly higher than those of normal controls, respectively [SMD(95% CI) were 1.97(1.15, 2.79), 2.54(1.76, 3.31), and 3.62(2.62, 4.62), all P<0.00001]. Serum resistin level in patients with UA or AMI was higher than those in patients with SA, respectively [SMD=0.90, 95CI(0.28,1.52), P=0.005], [SMD=2.28, 95%CI(0.74, 3.82), P=0.004]. The level of serum resistin in patients with AMI was also higher than those in patients with UA [SMD=1.22, 95%CI(0.58, 1.85), P=0.0002]. The study demonstrated that increased serum resistin level is significantly associated with the severity of CHD.
Socio-economic Status and Children’s Television Use

This study investigates the relationship between children's television use and the socio-economic status of their parents. The data are based on a representative sample of 890 children living in the Flemish Community of Belgium. Initial results indicated that the SES background of children is indeed related to a range of television-use variables. However, further analyses indicated 1) that the results obtained vary according to the indicator of SES employed, with the education of the mother being more widely and linearly related to children's media use than was the occupation of the father. 2) that the relationship between SES and children's television use becomes spurious when other variables are entered into the analysis. It was concluded that any effects that SES can be postulated to have on children's television use are indirect and that future research should avoid the dangers of over-generalization
Causal inferences between participation in decision making, task attributes, work effort, rewards, job satisfaction and commitment

Purpose – Regulatory frameworks in Australia encourage employee participation in decision making (PDM) on the basis that participation benefits work effort, job satisfaction and commitment. Although the literature supports this premise, there is little evidence that patterns of causal inference in the relationship are clearly understood. This study aims to examine for structural and causal inference between PDM and the work environment over time.Design/methodology/approach – Structural equation modeling was used to examine longitudinal, matched sample data for causal inferences.Findings – The paper finds that participation in decision making appears to promote job satisfaction and commitment, whereas task variety and work effort foster participation.Research limitations/implications – The use of quantitative, self report data, small samples and cross industry data as well as possible overlap between commitment foci may limit the transferability of the findings. It is also important to note causality is me.
Global Makeovers and Maneuvers: Barbie's Presence in India

Move over, Taj Mahal replicas and sandal wood elephants. If you seek curios from India, Mattel presents a selection of Barbies, shimmering in fantastic gold and tinsel exotica, proudly sold in tourist spots and hotel lobbies throughout India. I stare at the boxed Barbie glitterati on the shelves of the airport souvenir store in Chennai, India. The main attraction is Wedding Fantasy Barbie. Next, a Happy Holidays box pairs Ken in a silk kurta and Barbie in yet another elaborate wedding attire. Then there’s Roopvati from the state of Rajasthan, whose very classic Sanksrit name means embodiment of beauty. Adorned with trinkets, bangles, and rings, she creates, as the text on the box gushes, a a strikingly divine cosmetic effect, unmatched anywhere.o a Roopvati, that’s just great. She complicates the whole Barbie play scenario,o mumbles my cynical 14-year-old daughter Niru. Given her years of Barbie play experience in New Jersey, Niru knew the rules and codes. a Where would a kid Figure 1. a Creating a plastic communityo (Photograph by Mary Dorsey Wanless)
A half of schoolchildren with ‘ISAAC eczema’ are ill with allergic contact dermatitis

Background Similarity in clinical symptoms between atopic eczema (AE) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) may lead to misdiagnoses in both clinical practice and epidemiological studies. As patch testing for contact allergy does not seem popular among paediatric allergists, the resulting bias leads mainly to under diagnosing of ACD and over diagnosing of AE in children and adolescents.
Geophysical confirmation of low-angle normal slip on the historically active Dixie Valley fault, Nevada

The December 16, 1954, Dixie Valley earthquake (Ms = 6.8) followed the nearby Fairview Peak earthquake (Ms = 7.2) by 4 min, 20 s. Waveforms from the Fairview Peak event contaminate those from the Dixie Valley event, making accurate fault plane solutions impossible. A recent geologic study of surface rupture characteristics in southern Dixie Valley suggests that the Dixie Valley fault is low angle (<30°) along a significant portion of the 1954 rupture. To extend these observations into the subsurface, we conducted a seismic reflection and gravity experiment. Our results show that a portion of the Dixie Valley ruptures occurred along a fault dipping 25° to 30°. As such, the Dixie Valley event may represent the first large, low-angle normal earthquake on land recorded historically. Our high-resolution seismic reflection profile images the rupture plane from 5 to 50 m depth. Medium-resolution reflections, as well as refraction velocities, show a smoothly dipping fault plane from 50 to 500 m depth. Stratigraphic truncations and rollovers in the hanging wall show a slightly listric fault to 2 km depth. Gravity profiles conservatively constrain maximum basin depth and define overall geometry. Extension along the low-angle section may have occurred in two phases during the Cenozoic. Current fault motion postdates a 13 to 15 Ma basalt, imaged in the hanging wall, and inherits from a fault formed during an earlier extensional pulse, concentrated at 24.2 to 24.4 Ma. The earlier extension suggests extraordinary slip rates as high as 18 mm/yr, resulting in the formation of the low-angle fault break. Sections of the Dixie Valley fault where there is no evidence for current low-angle slip correlate well with areas where no pre-15 Ma slip has been documented.
The Effects of Shiatsu on Lower Back Pain

Shiatsu, a specific type of massage, was used as an intervention in this study of 66 individuals complaining of lower back pain. Each individual was measured on state/trait anxiety and pain level before and after four shiatsu treatments. Each subject was then called 2 days following each treatment and asked to quantify the level of pain. Both pain and anxiety decreased significantly over time. Extraneous variables such as gender, age, gender of therapist, length of history with lower back pain, and medications taken for lower back pain did not alter the significant results. These subjects would recommend shiatsu massage for others suffering from lower back pain and indicated the treatments decreased the major inconveniences they experienced with their lower back pain.
Contraction Stress in Dentin Adhesives Bonded to Dentin

Adhesives cured under constrained conditions develop contraction stresses. We hypothesized that, with dentin as a bonding substrate, the stress would reach a maximum, followed by a continuous decline. Stress development was determined with a tensilometer for two total-etch systems and two systems with self-etching primers. The adhesives were placed in a thin layer between a glass plate and a flat dentin surface pretreated with phosphoric acid or self-etching primer. After an initial maximum shortly after light-curing, the stress decreased dramatically for the total-etch systems (70%) and, to a lesser extent, for the adhesives with self-etching primers (30%). The greater stress decrease for the total-etch systems was ascribed to water and/or solvents released into the adhesives from the fully opened dentinal tubules by the pulling/sucking action of the contraction stress. This happened less with the adhesives with self-etching primers, where the tubules remained mainly closed.
Mulligan’s mobilisation with movement: a review of the tenets and prescription of MWMs

General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. For more information, or if you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact the Bond University research repository coordinator.
The Impact of Environmental and Endogenous Damage on Somatic Mutation Load in Human Skin Fibroblasts

Accumulation of somatic changes, due to environmental and endogenous lesions, in the human genome is associated with aging and cancer. Understanding the impacts of these processes on mutagenesis is fundamental to understanding the etiology, and improving the prognosis and prevention of cancers and other genetic diseases. Previous methods relying on either the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells, or sequencing of single-cell genomes were inherently error-prone and did not allow independent validation of the mutations. In the current study we eliminated these potential sources of error by high coverage genome sequencing of single-cell derived clonal fibroblast lineages, obtained after minimal propagation in culture, prepared from skin biopsies of two healthy adult humans. We report here accurate measurement of genome-wide magnitude and spectra of mutations accrued in skin fibroblasts of healthy adult humans. We found that every cell contains at least one chromosomal rearrangement and 600–13,000 base substitutions. The spectra and correlation of base substitutions with epigenomic features resemble many cancers. Moreover, because biopsies were taken from body parts differing by sun exposure, we can delineate the precise contributions of environmental and endogenous factors to the accrual of genetic changes within the same individual. We show here that UV-induced and endogenous DNA damage can have a comparable impact on the somatic mutation loads in skin fibroblasts. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01087307
Amyloid-beta and depression in healthy older adults: A systematic review

Objective: Depression has been shown to be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and in older adults may provide a marker for the beginning of the prodromal phase of AD. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between amyloid-β (Aβ), a key biomarker of AD, and depression in older adults. Method: The literature search was limited to studies conducted from 2006 to 2014 that were published in English in peer-reviewed journals. Studies were selected if they included a group of older adults who either met established criteria for Major Depressive Disorder or Dysthymia; or were assessed for depressive symptoms on a standardised measure. Studies were also required to include an outcome variable that was a direct measure of Aβ levels in either blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, or via neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). Results: Nineteen studies were identified, 15 of which found significant differences in Aβ levels between depressed and non-depressed older adults. However, studies were limited by their cross-sectional design, reliance on blood-based measures of Aβ, and potential sample bias. Conclusions: Future investigations should consider prospective longitudinal design using neuroimaging and CSF measures of Aβ.
FREQUENTIST AND BAYESIAN STATISTICS: A CRITIQUE

There are two broad approaches to formal statistical inference taken as concerned with the development of methods for analysing noisy empirical data and in particular as the attaching of measures of uncertainty to conclusions. The object of this paper is to summarize what is involved. The issue is this. We have data represented collectively by y and taken to be the observed value of a vector random variable Y having a distribution determined by unknown parameters θ = (ψ, λ). Here ψ is a parameter of interest, often corresponding to a signal whereas λ represents such features as aspects of the data-capture procedure, background noise and so on. In this, probability is an (idealized) representation of the stability of long-run frequencies, whereas ψ aims to encapsulate important underlying physical parameters that are free from the accidents of the specific data under analysis. How should we estimate ψ and how should we express our uncertainties about ψ? In the following discussion we assume that the probability model correctly represents the underlying physics. This means that issues of model criticism and possible model reformulation that arise in many other applications of statistical methods can be disregarded.
The Class I Antigen-processing Pathway for the Membrane Protein Tyrosinase Involves Translation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Processing in the Cytosol

Formation of major histocompatibility complex class I–associated peptides from membrane proteins has not been thoroughly investigated. We examined the processing of an HLA-A*0201–associated epitope, YMDGTMSQV, that is derived from the membrane protein tyrosinase by posttranslational conversion of the sequence YMNGTMSQV. Only YMDGTMSQV and not YMNGTMSQV was presented by HLA-A*0201 on cells expressing full-length tyrosinase, although both peptides have similar affinities for HLA-A*0201 and are transported by TAP. In contrast, translation of YMNGTMSQV in the cytosol, as a minigene or a larger fragment of tyrosinase, led to the presentation of the unconverted YMNGTMSQV. This was not due to overexpression leading to saturation of the processing/conversion machinery, since presentation of the converted peptide, YMDGTMSQV, was low or undetectable. Thus, presentation of unconverted peptide was associated with translation in the cytosol, suggesting that processing of the full-length tyrosinase occurs after translation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Nevertheless, presentation of YMDGTMSQV in cells expressing full-length tyrosinase was TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) and proteasome dependent. After inhibition of proteasome activity, tyrosinase species could be detected in the cytosol. We propose that processing of tyrosinase involves translation in the endoplasmic reticulum, export of full-length tyrosinase to the cytosol, and retransport of converted peptides by TAP for association with HLA-A*0201.
Engineering Irisin for Understanding Its Benefits to Obesity

Abstract : Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine and has initially showed a promising function in browning white adipose tissue and increasing energy expenditure. The overall objective of the proposed project is to engineer irisin for uncovering its signaling in obesity, with the ultimate hope to capture its benefits for obesity prevention and treatment. The hypothesis is that physiological and pharmacological functions of irisin can be interpreted and controlled through identifying and targeting irisin receptor (IR). Over the last awarding period, we have made several significant discoveries that partially test the hypothesis and achieve the objective. Specifically, we have identified a putative region for irisin-IR interactions and validated the involvement of this region through producing irisin mutants and examining their browning activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We further attempted to use the yeast expression system to produce unnatural amino acid labeled irisin variants that expectedly capture the interactions between irisin and IR for IR identification. After extensive optimization of conditions in the yeast system, we later switched to the bacterial system and successfully produced such irisin variants. Finally, we used these variants to start the studies to capture IR. These results provided a solid foundation to accomplish proposed work in the next six months.
Cognitive and Affective Effects of Various Types of Microcomputer Use By Preschoolers

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of microcomputer use on preschoolers’ knowledge of pre-reading concepts, and on their attitudes toward the microcomputer. After stratification by age and sex, 77 preschoolers were randomly assigned to three treatment conditions: (a) adult-assisted microcomputer instruction; (b) adult-unassisted microcomputer use; and (c) no microcomputer use (control condition). Children in the first two groups were given three 20-min, individual sessions on the microcomputer. The software programs used were designed to teach reading readiness concepts and were typical commercial programs available for this age group. A cognitive test was administered as a pretest and posttest, and an attitudinal interview was administered post-study only. The cognitive data were analyzed with a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). There were no significant treatment effects. The attitudinal data analysis revealed significantly greater interest in the microcomputer among the control-group children; however, that group’s interest declined significantly after they were given post-study, 20-min orientations to the microcomputer.