Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Bioeconomic Analysis of Traditional Fisheries in the Red Sea

Abstract We undertake a bioeconomic analysis of the aggregate traditional fisheries in the Northern and Central areas of Red Sea off the coast of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Results of our analysis using a Fox model and the Clarke-Yoshimoto- Pooley (CY&P) estimation procedure suggest that the aggregate traditional fisheries have been overfished since the early 1990s. The estimated stock size in recent years is as low as 6,400 MT, while the estimated stock size associated with the maximum economic yield (MEY) is 19,300 MT. The socially optimal level of fishing effort is about 139,000 days. Thus, the current effort level of 300,000 to 350,000 days constitutes a problem of overfishing. The estimated current total gross revenue from the traditional fisheries is Saudi Rials (SR) 147 million with zero net benefit. If total fishing effort is reduced to the socially optimal level, then we estimate gross revenue would be SR 167 million and the potential net benefit from the KSA Red Sea traditional fisheries could be as large as SR 111 million. JEL Classification Code: Q22
Reduced Lignin Content and Altered Lignin Composition in Transgenic Tobacco Down-Regulated in Expression of L-Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase or Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase

We analyzed lignin content and composition in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines altered in the expression of the early phenylpropanoid biosynthetic enzymes L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H). The reduction of C4H activity by antisense expression or sense suppression resulted in reduced levels of Klason lignin, accompanied by a decreased syringyl/guaiacyl monomer ratio as determined by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry Similar reduction of lignin levels by down -regulation of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, the enzyme preceding C4H in the central phenylpropanoid pathway, did not result in a decreased syringyl/guaiacyl ratio. Rather, analysis of lignin methoxyl content and pyrolysis suggested an increased syringyl/guaiacyl ratio. One possible explanation of these results is that monolignol biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine might occur by more than one route, even at the early stages of the core phenylpropanoid pathway, prior to the formation of specific monolignol precursors.
Corporate Financial Distress and Turnaround Strategies: An Empirical Analysis

Extant research on corporate turnaround from financial distress has prescribed a range of strategies to effect corporate recovery. However, no large sample study has examined the general applicability and effectiveness of these strategies. We set out to test the effectiveness of strategies and identify the underlying factors of effectiveness – the impact of timing, intensity and implementation of strategies on corporate recovery. We examine a sample of 166 potentially bankrupt UK firms drawn from 1985 to 1993 and track their turnaround strategies for a period of three years from distress. These strategies include operational, asset, managerial and financial restructuring. Our results show recovery and non-recovery firms adopt very similar sets of strategies, and managers of non-recovery firms restructure more intensively than recovery firms Nevertheless, non-recovery firms seem far less effective in strategy implementation than their recovery counterparts. Whereas recovery firms adopt growth-oriented and external-market focused strategies, non-recovery firms engage in fire-fighting strategies.
Effect of altering alarm settings: a randomized controlled study.

UNLABELLED Medical alarm signals are important for alerting clinicians to life-threatening conditions, but the high rate of false alarms can be problematic. Reduction in alarm signals may lead to increased staff responsiveness to alarms and create a quieter environment for patients. The effect of these changes on patient outcomes is uncertain. METHODS We conducted a pilot, prospective, randomized, controlled trial in the cardiac care unit (CCU) to test a study protocol and data collection instruments and to examine the differences in alarms between usual care and altered settings. Subjects were randomized daily to either standard or altered CCU alarm settings. Secondary outcomes included the number of clinically significant events (CSEs) detected, event-triggered interventions (ETIs), frequency of alarms per monitored bed, and patient complications. RESULTS Over the two-week study time frame, 22 unique patients were enrolled. There were 1,710 alarms over 163 hours of monitoring in the standard group and 1,165 alarms over 169 hours in the study group (P < 0.001). There were more CSEs detected (14 vs. 3) and ETIs (12 vs. 2) in the study group, but sample size was too small to determine efficacy. No cardiac arrests or adverse patient outcomes were observed in either group. All patients were discharged from the hospital. Study protocol and outcomes were feasible and lessons were learned. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated feasibility of a study protocol for conducting a randomized controlled trial to evaluate CSEs, ETIs, frequency of alarms, and adverse patient outcomes when altering default alarm settings. A longer study can be performed using a similar study design.
Order Submission: The Choice between Limit and Market Orders

Most financial markets allow investors to submit both limit and market orders, but it is not always clear what affects the choice of order type. The authors empirically investigate how the time between order submissions, changes in the state of the order book, and price uncertainty influence the rate of submission of limit and market orders. The authors measure the expected time (duration) between the submissions of orders of each type using an asymmetric autoregressive conditional duration model. They find that the execution of market orders, as well as changes in the level of price uncertainty and market depth, impact the submissions of both best limit orders and market orders. After correcting for these factors, the authors also find differences in behaviour around market openings, closings, and unexpected events that may be related to changes in information flows at these times. In general, traders use more market (limit) orders at times when execution risk for limit orders is highest or the risk of unexpected price movements is highest.
Residential End-use Electricity Demand: Development over Time

Abstract It is costly and difficult to meter electricity consumption for different end uses, e.g. space heating, lighting and household appliances. We deduce a model for using cross-sectional data for total annual electricity consumption for a sample of households, together with information from energy surveys, to estimate the end uses within an econometric demand model conditional on appliance ownership. By applying a consistent method to Norwegian data for 1990, 2001 and 2006 (repeated cross-sections), we compare results over time and detect possible trends. We find that electricity consumption for many end use necessities such as washing, water heating and refrigeration varies somewhat from year to year, but they show no trend. We find a steady increase in electricity used for more un-traditional end uses and newer types of appliances. Total energy consumption for heating purposes is quite stable over the time period.
Healthy lifestyles for adults with intellectual disability: Knowledge, barriers, and facilitators*

Abstract Background People with intellectual disability (ID) are more likely to have health problems than people without disability. Little previous research has investigated health from the perspective of the people with ID themselves. We aimed to focus on what people with ID understand being healthy to mean and what their experiences are of healthy lifestyles. Method Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 adults with ID to ask them about their health and healthy lifestyles. Data were analysed thematically. Results Participants demonstrated understanding of what it means to be healthy, have a healthy diet, the dangers of substance misuse, and the benefits of exercise. Participants demonstrated some knowledge about rationales for engaging in healthy behaviours. The idea of moderation was raised, along with barriers and facilitators to engaging in a healthy lifestyle. Conclusions Findings suggest that people with ID demonstrate some understanding of what constitutes being healthy and are aware of healthy lifestyles, the consequences of unhealthy behaviours, and of the need for moderation.
Infiltration of Epinephrine in Reduction Mammaplasty: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Evidence of the benefit of dilute epinephrine infiltration before reduction mammaplasty is provided by several controlled trials. Despite variation in operative technique and data collection, a reduction in intraoperative blood loss has been shown. The aim of this review of the literature is to weigh the available evidence with respect to reducing blood loss during surgery and other outcome measures such as postoperative drainage. Methods: Two researchers independently selected articles for review, and data were extracted from each primary article and used for statistical and descriptive comparisons. Results: A meta-analysis of operative blood loss showed a highly significant drop in operative blood loss in breasts infiltrated with epinephrine and a reduction in the need for blood transfusion. Operative time, postoperative drainage, and complications were not significantly affected by epinephrine infiltration. Conclusion: The authors’ recommendation would be for the use of dilute epinephrine infiltration before reduction mammaplasty. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, II.
Farm-based Tourism as an Alternative Farm

ILBERY B. , BOWLER I. , CLARK G. , CROCKETT A. and SHAW A. (1998) Farm-based tourism as an alternative farm enterprise: a case study from the northern Pennines, England, Reg. Studies 32 , 355‐364. This paper examines the development of farm-based tourism in the less favoured area of the northern Pennines. Farm tourism is conceptualized as an alternative farm enterprise (AFE) comprising one of seven possible 'pathways of farm business development'. As such, the development of farm-based tourism (FBT) is influenced by a range of factors both external and internal to the farm. Lower levels of family labour distinguish tourist AFE farms from non-tourist AFE farms, while different types of FBT are associated with particular farm and household characteristics. Nevertheless, the reasons for adopting tourist enterprises are diverse and often very individualistic. Institutional involvement in FBT in the study area is increasing, but it is reactive rather than proactive and tends to constrain as well as enable the dev.
The nature and value of knowledge

This paper aims to explain and discuss the complex nature and value of knowledge as an exploitable resource for business. ,The authors propose a conceptual explanation of knowledge based on three pillars: the plurality of its nature, understood to be conservative, multipliable and generative, its contextual value and the duality of carrier incorporating business knowledge, objects or processes. After conceptualizing the nature of knowledge, the authors offer a metaphor based on the classic transformation from “potential” to “kinetic” energy in an inclined plane assuming that the conservative nature of knowledge makes it act as energy. ,The metaphor uses the concept of potential and kinetic energy: if energy is only potential, it has a potential value not yet effective, whereas if the potential energy (knowledge) becomes kinetic energy (products and/or services), it generates business value. In addition, business value is a function of the speed acquired and caused by the angle of inclined plan, namely, the company’s business model. Knowledge is the source of the value and can be maintained and regenerated only through continuous investments. Several years later the value extraction reaches a null value of the company (potential energy) which will cease to act (kinetic energy) for triggering both the value generated and the value extracted. ,The paper proposes an initial attempt to explain the meaning of the transformation of knowledge using a metaphor derived from physics. The metaphor of the energy of knowledge clearly depicts the managerial dilemma of balancing a company’s resources for both the generating and extracting value. Similarly, future study should try to associate other knowledge peculiarities to physical phenomena.
Online Relationship Management in a Presidential Campaign: A Case Study of the Obama Campaign's Management of Its Internet-Integrated Grassroots Effort

This case study examines the Obama presidential campaign's use of the participatory Internet to manage its grassroots campaign. Grounded in relationship-management theory and dialogic principles in online relationship building, the study analyzed interviews with campaign staff, its Web site, and its news articles. Five themes emerged regarding the campaign's integration of the Internet and grassroots strategy; 6 themes surfaced regarding the campaign's Internet use to manage relationships. Recommendations are made for exploring relationship management theory's intersection with the Internet and political campaigns.
How Ritz-Carlton Applies “TQM”

In the fall of 1992, Ritz-Carlton became the first hotel company to win the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. Ritz-Carlton implemented total quality management (TQM) as a means of winning the award and improving its service. Patrick Mene, corporate director of quality, explains issues concerning application of TQM to the hotel industry and applying for the Baldrige award. Measurement was a difficult hurdle, because the industry does not have service-quality benchmarks. Team building was also a time-consuming effort. Ritz-Carlton is now requiring its vendors also to apply TOM or a similar process.
Rising Tide in the Labor Market: To What Degree Do Expansions Benefit the Disadvantaged?

The current U.S. economic expansion is unusually long and strong. Has it served as a "rising tide" to float all boats in the labor market benefiting everyone? To what degree are groups that are typically disadvantaged in the labor market-blacks, women, teens, the less educated-participating in the current prosperity? To investigate the effects of economic expansion (or recession) on various labor market groups, this article presents data that describe the patterns of labor force status by race, sex, education, and age (teens) during recent decades. ; The author finds that while virtually all groups are seeing improvements in labor market outcomes in the current expansion, the gaps between disadvantaged groups and the rest of the economy are shrinking more in some cases than in others. Moreover, even the strong and long expansion of the 1990s has not reduced the gaps to zero. She finds that the analogy with the tide breaks down when one asks whether a strong economy raises all boats to the same level; disadvantaged groups still have above-average unemployment (and black men have below-average employment rates) in the best of times. The ongoing problem is that the status of being left out or slower-gaining remains disproportionately concentrated among blacks and teens, where the gaps remain sizable.
Pediatric obesity is associated with an altered gut microbiota and discordant shifts in F irmicutes populations

Summary An altered gut microbiota has been linked to obesity in adulthood, although little is known about childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to characterize the composition of the gut microbiota in obese (n = 42) and normal‐weight (n = 36) children aged 6 to 16. Using 16S rRNA gene‐targeted sequencing, we evaluated taxa with differential abundance according to age‐ and sex‐normalized body mass index (BMI z‐score). Obesity was associated with an altered gut microbiota characterized by elevated levels of Firmicutes and depleted levels of Bacteroidetes. Correlation network analysis revealed that the gut microbiota of obese children also had increased correlation density and clustering of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Members of the Bacteroidetes were generally better predictors of BMI z‐score and obesity than Firmicutes, which was likely due to discordant responses of Firmicutes OTUs. In accordance with these observations, the main metabolites produced by gut bacteria, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were higher in obese children, suggesting elevated substrate utilisation. Multiple taxa were correlated with SCFA levels, reinforcing the tight link between the microbiota, SCFAs and obesity. Our results suggest that gut microbiota dysbiosis and elevated fermentation activity may be involved in the etiology of childhood obesity.
Measuring Quality of Information Services

Tourist information offices (TIOs) are an important external information source in the tourists’ decision-making process. Assessing the quality of TIO information services implies measuring both technical quality, that is, the outcome of the service performance, and functional quality, that is, the quality of the whole delivery process. The article presents a methodology to correlate and combine mystery shopping and customer satisfaction research in order to assess the overall performance of TIOs at destination and discusses the effectiveness of this approach compared with a separate application of the two methods. The study is part of a project aimed at providing local authorities and TIO office managers in the mountain areas of Italy and Austria with an integrated and user-friendly tool to monitor the quality of information delivered to tourists both before and during their visit, evaluate the management of information services and make benchmark comparisons in the future.
Somatosensory and affective contributions to emotional, social, and daily functioning in chronic pain patients.

OBJECTIVE The present study tested the independent and interactive contributions of the somatosensory component of pain (pain intensity) and the affective component of pain (pain unpleasantness) on emotional, social, and daily functioning in chronic pain patients. SUBJECTS Participants were 472 patients seeking treatment for chronic orofacial pain. Mean age of the sample was 46.0 years (standard deviation [SD] = 14.67, range 18-78), with 82.2% female. Average pain duration at the time of initial appointment was 75.7 months (SD = 106.66). METHODS Participants completed self-report measures of pain intensity, unpleasantness, and functional outcomes at the time of their first appointment. These data were later extracted from participant's de-identified medical records. Multivariate linear regression was used to test the interaction of pain intensity and unpleasantness on outcome measures of emotional, social, and daily functioning. RESULTS Results revealed that pain intensity contributed to poorer functional outcomes but higher levels of social support even after controlling for pain unpleasantness. After controlling for pain intensity, unpleasantness was associated with higher pain interference and affective distress. There was also pain intensity by unpleasantness interaction on pain interference. Specifically, at lower levels of pain unpleasantness, changes in pain intensity produced greater changes in pain interference than they did at higher levels of pain unpleasantness. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that both intensity and unpleasantness contribute unique variance to functional outcomes. The results highlight the importance of interventions that not only try to reduce pain levels but also reduce levels of pain unpleasantness.
Radiative pion capture by a nucleon

The differential cross sections for p 2 p! gn and p 1 n! g p are computed up to O( p 3 ) in heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory ~HBChPT! The expressions at O( p) and O( p 2 ) have no free parameters. There are three unknown parameters at O( p 3 ), low energy constants of the HBChPT Lagrangian, which are determined by fitting to experimental data. Two acceptable fits are obtained, which can be separated by comparing with earlier dispersion relation calculations of the inverse process. Expressions for the multipoles, with emphasis on the p-wave multipoles, are obtained and evaluated at threshold. Generally the results obtained from the best of the two fits are in good agreement with the dispersion relation predictions. PACS number~s! : 12.39. Fe, 13.40. 2f, 13.75. Gx
Implications of Immigration Policies for the U.S. Farm Sector and Workforce

We develop a theoretical model using migration and trade theory to examine the effects of domestic and border enforcement policies on unauthorized workers and the U.S. agricultural sector. The theoretical results show that heightened immigration policies increase the illegal farm wage rate, and reduce the employment of unauthorized farm workers and exports. The empirical analysis show that increased domestic enforcements curtail the number of undocumented farm workers by an average of 8,947 and commodity exports to Mexico by an average of $180 million. The tighter border control curbs illegal farm workers by 8,147 and reduces farm exports by $181 million.
Urokinase Plasminogen Activator and Gelatinases Are Associated with Membrane Vesicles Shed by Human HT1080 Fibrosarcoma Cells*

Membrane vesicles are shed by tumor cells bothin vivo and in vitro. Although their functions are not well understood, it has been proposed that they may play multiple roles in tumor progression. We characterized membrane vesicles from human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cell cultures for the presence of proteinases involved in tumor invasion. By gelatin zymography and Western blotting, these vesicles showed major bands corresponding to the zymogen and active forms of gelatinase B (MMP-9) and gelatinase A (MMP-2) and to the MMP-9·tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 complex. Both gelatinases appeared to be associated with the vesicle membrane. HT1080 cell vesicles also showed a strong, plasminogen-dependent fibrinolytic activity in 125I fibrin assays; this activity was associated with urokinase plasminogen activator, as shown by casein zymography and Western blotting. Urokinase was bound to its high affinity receptor on the vesicle membrane. Addition of plasminogen resulted in activation of the progelatinases associated with the vesicles, indicating a role of the urokinase-plasmin system in MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation. We propose that vesicles shed by tumor cells may provide a large membrane surface for the activation of membrane-associated proteinases involved in extracellular matrix degradation and tissue invasion.