Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Communication Cues Used by People with and without Visual Impairments in Daily Conversations and Dating

Sighted, partially sighted, and blind participants answered questions about their expression and interpretation of verbal and nonverbal cues during telephone conversations, face-to-face encounters, and dating. They also listed the advantages and disadvantages that people with visual impairments have during social interactions. Although all groups used similar numbers of cues, sighted participants used more visual cues, whereas visually impaired participants used more nonvisual cues. Common communication cues are listed and the implications of the findings for assessing and remedying communication problems are discussed.
Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids are Mediated by EPHX2 Variants and may be a Predictor of Early Neurological Deterioration in Acute Minor Ischemic Stroke

Aim: To investigatethe association of plasma epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) with early neurologic deterioration (END), and whether EETs are mediated by EPHX2 variants in patients with minor ischemic stroke (MIS). Method: This was a prospective, multi-center observational study in patients with acute MIS in the Chinese population.Plasma EETs levels were measured on admission. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of EPHX2rs751141 were genotyped using mass spectrometry. The primary outcome was END within 10 days after admission. END was defined as an increase in NIHSS of 2 or more points. The degree of disability was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months after admission. Results: A total of 322 patients were enrolled, of which 85 patients (26.4%) experienced END. The mean EETs level was 64.1 ± 7.5 nmol/L. EETs levels were significantly lower in patients with END compared to patients without END. Frequency of EPHX2 rs751141 GG was higher in patients with END than in patients without END, and EPHX2 rs751141 GG genotype was associated with lower EETs levels. Low level (< 64.4 nmol/L) of EETs was an independent predictor of END (first and second quartiles) in multivariate analyses. END was associated with a higher risk of poor outcome (mRS scores 3–6) at 3 months. Conclusion: END is fairly common and associated with poor outcomes in acute MIS. EPHX2 variants may mediate EETs levels, and low levels of EETs may be a predictor for END in acute MIS.
The ‘prediction imperative’ as the basis for self-awareness

Here, we propose that global brain function is geared towards the implementation of intelligent motricity. Motricity is the only possible external manifestation of nervous system function (other than endocrine and exocrine secretion and the control of vascular tone). The intelligence component of motricity requires, for its successful wheeling, a prediction imperative to approximate the consequences of the impending motion. We address how such predictive function may originate from the dynamic properties of neuronal networks.
Thought contagion : how belief spreads through society

* Self-Sent Messages and Mass Belief * A Missing Link: Memetics and the Social Sciences * Family Plans: Ideas That Win with Children * Sexually Transmitted Belief: The Clash of Freedom and Restriction * Successful Cults: Western Religion By Natural Selection * Prescription Beliefs: Thought Contagions and Health * Controversy: Thought Contagions in Conflict * Epilogue: Thought Contagions of Thought Contagion
Autumn Incidence of Suicides Re-examined: Data from Finland by Sex, Age and Occupation

Summary The seasonal variation in suicides in Finland during the period 1961–1976 was examined using individual records from 16, 312 death certificates and time-series analysis. De-trended figures show that suicides are usually concentrated in early summer but a secondary rise in the late part of the year is noted, particularly in females, among those aged 15–24 years and in the highest and lowest (i.e. unknown) social classes. In modern occupations (technical, administrative, clerical, sales and service work) suicides usually occur in late autumn. It is suggested that the original seasonal peak in suicides lies in spring–summer, while the autumn peak is of later origin and typical of those living in a man-made environment.
R&D Intensity and the New Product Development Portfolio

A key metric for assessing innovative activity at the firm level is R&D intensity. R&D intensity is the ratio of a firm's R&D investment to its revenue (the percentage of revenue that is reinvested in R&D). Empirical and anecdotal evidence suggests that R&D intensity within an industry tends to be remarkably consistent. Despite this consistency in R&D spending, however, firms differ with respect to their new product development (NPD) portfolio strategy and overall performance. This paper seeks to explain how R&D intensity can be so consistent at the aggregate level, while NPD portfolio strategies and firm performance are so varied at the firm level. We develop a model that considers firm level factors, such as the NPD portfolio composition and risk levels, as well as industry level factors, such as competition intensity and environmental stability. We show how a simple evolutionary process links aggregate R&D intensity and firm level portfolio choices. Our results highlight that R&D intensity alone does not explain firm performance. Rather, it is the proper alignment between R&D intensity (how much the firm invests) and an NPD portfolio strategy (how the firm invests the money) that drives profitability.
Changes in Perceived Filial Obligation Norms Among Coresident Family Caregivers in Japan

Purpose of the Study: Japan introduced a nationwide long-term care insurance (LTCI) system in 2000, making long-term care (LTC) a right for older adults regardless of income and family availability. To shed light on its implications for family caregiving, we investigated perceived filial obligation norms among coresident primary family caregivers before and after the policy change. Design and Methods: Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine changes in perceived filial obligation norms and its subdimensions (financial, physical, and emotional support), using 2-wave panel survey data of coresident primary family caregivers (N = 611) in 1 city. The baseline survey was conducted in 1999, and a follow-up survey 2 years later. Results: On average, perceived filial obligation norms declined (p < .05). Daughters-in-law had the most significant declines (global and physical: p < .01, emotional: p < .05) among family caregivers. In particular, physical support, which Japan’s LTC reform targeted, declined significantly among daughters and daughters-in-law (p < .01). Multiple regression analysis indicated that daughters-in-law had significantly lower perceived filial obligation norms after the policy introduction than sons and daughters (p < .01 and p < .05, respectively), controlling for the baseline filial obligation and situational factors. Implications: Our research indicates declining roles of daughters-in-law in elder care during Japan’s LTCI system implementation period. Further international efforts are needed to design and implement longitudinal studies that help promote understanding of the interplay among national LTC policies, social changes, and caregiving norms and behaviors.
Raising pupils' educational and occupational aspirations

This thesis considers the aspirations of a group of pupils in a post-industrial community in the South Wales Valleys. Using a mixed methods approach, I explore and consider a range of social, economic and cultural issues to understand how educational and occupational aspirations are influenced and shaped. The recommendations made will hopefully help develop the role of personal tutor, as set out in the Welsh Baccalaureate Qualification and help others within the education sector understand the complex, multifaceted nature of pupils’ hopes and dreams for the future. The ideas on the formation of aspirations which are developed by the economist Ray (2002, 2006) and the anthropologist Appadurai (2004) act as a strong reference point in this thesis. These works, coupled with the theory of circumscription and compromise which has been developed by Gottfredson (1981) provide a conceptual framework with which to facilitate a better understanding of the ways in which the educational and occupational aspirations of young people could be affected. I suggest that aspirations should be considered from a socio-cultural perspective. Such is the dynamic nature of aspirations that pupils’ dreams about the future begin to grow and be affected from a young age. For this reason, schools should consider a range of interventions to challenge gender stereotypes and ensure that sufficient guidance is provided from a young age about the many different academic and occupational pathways that pupils can choose in life. Throughout the thesis, I argue that for a group of young men and women in a community of social and economic deprivation, aspirations and transitions to adulthood are framed through geographically, familial and historically shaped class and gender codes.
Hubungan antara Motivasi Berprestasi dengan Self Regulated Learning pada Siswa SMA Negeri 2 Wonogiri

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena masih kurangnya pengaturan diri siswa dalam belajar (self regulated learning). Tuntutan kurikulum 2013 salah satunya adalah mendorong keaktifan siswa dalam belajar. Sehingga perlu adanya self regulated learning. Self regulated learning merupakan kemampuan siswa untuk menentukan tujuan, merencanakan tata cara atau strategi untuk melakukan tugas belajar, melaksanakan rencana belajar dan melakukan evaluasi dalam proses belajarnya sendiri. Self regulated learning dipengaruhi oleh faktor personal, lingkungan dan perilaku. Salah satu faktor personal yang menjadi pendorong siswa melakukan pengaturan diri tersebut adalah motivasi. Motivasi yang terpenting dalam psikologi pendidikan adalah motivasi berprestasi. Sehingga perlu adanya motivasi berprestasi untuk mendorong siswa melakukan pengaturan diri tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui 1) hubungan antara motivasi berprestasi dengan self regulated learning pada siswa SMA Negeri 2 Wonogiri, 2) peran motivasi berprestasi pada self regulated learning pada siswa Negeri 2 Wonogiri, 3) tingkat self regulated learning pada siswa SMA Negeri 2 Wonogiri, dan 4) tingkat motivasi berprestasi pada siswa SMA Negeri 2 Wonogiri. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa-siswa SMA Negeri 2 Wonogiri berjumlah 87 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah accidental sampling. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan alat ukur skala self regulated learning dan skala motivasi berprestasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah korelasi Product Moment dari Pearson. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,836 dengan p=0,000; p<0,01, sehingga hipotesis yang diajukan diterima. Artinya, ada hubungan positif yang sangat signifikan antara motivasi berprestasi dengan self regulated learning. Sumbangan efektif motivasi berprestasi terhadap self regulated learning adalah sebesar 69,8%, dan sisanya 30,2% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain. Tingkat motivasi berprestasi siswa termasuk dalam kategori sedang dengan rerata empirik sebesar 73,13 dan rerata hipotetik skala motivasi berprestasi adalah sebesar 75. Sedangkan tingkat self regulated learning siswa termasuk ke dalam kategori sedang dengan rerata empirik sebesar 95,46 dan rerata hipotetik skala self regulated learning sebesar 100.
Gymnasts and non-athletes muscle activation and torque production at the ankle joint

Artistic Gymnasts (AG) execute specific movements that require substantial movement control and force production at the ankle joint. This high demand might change the neuromechanical properties of the ankle joint muscles in these athletes compared to non-athlete girls (NAG). The aim of this study was to compare muscle activation and torque production at the ankle joint between AG and NAG. Ten AG (11.70 ± 1.06 years of age) and 10 NAG (11.70 ± 1.49 years of age) participated in the study. Electromyographic (EMG) signals of medial gastrocnemius (MG), soleus (SO) and tibialis anterior (TA) were obtained simultaneously to the maximal isometric plantarflexion (PFT) and dorsiflexion (DFT) torques of the dominant limb during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) at five different joint angles (20°, 10°, 0°, -10° e -20°). Neuromuscular efficiency was also calculated by the Torque/EMG ratio. AG presented higher PFT (p 0.05). In addition, AG showed higher values for plantarflexion neuromuscular efficiency and smaller values of dorsiflexion neuromuscular efficiency compared to the NAG (p<0.01). Higher sports demands of AG determined higher PFT, higher plantarflexor efficiency, smaller DFT but similar activation of MG, SO and TA compared to NAG.
General evaluation of hepatectomy and hepatocellular carcinoma cases.

OBJECTIVE Although the clinical and histopathological findings of hepatocellular carcinoma are well described, there are few national studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between these findings in total or partial hepatectomy specimens in our series. MATERIAL AND METHOD We first collected 190 cases of total or partial hepatectomies performed because of hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis or other disorders from the archives of Pathology. After re-examining the histopathological and clinical features such as age, gender and etiology, the relationship between them and serology results were statistically analyzed using the chi square and Multiple Comparison Tests. RESULTS Among 190 cases, there were 168 (88.5%) total and 18 (9.5%) partial hepatectomies and 4 (2%) tumorectomy or metastasectomy cases. After gross and microscopic examination, 170 (89.5%) cases had a diagnosis of cirrhosis, 85 (44.7%) hepatocellular carcinoma, 3 parasitic cyst, 7 metastasis, 1 hepatoblastoma, 1 hepatocellular adenoma, 2 cholangiocarcinoma, 2 Budd Chiari Syndrome, 1 focal nodular hyperplasia, 1 cavernous hemangioma, and 2 acute fulminant hepatitis. Among the hepatocellular carcinoma cases, 53 had Hepatitis B virus, 15 Hepatitis C virus , 3 Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus, and 3 Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis delta virus etiology, while 6 were alcoholic and 4 were due to other causes. Among cirrhosis patients, 84 (49.4%) had hepatocellular carcinoma. The male to female ratio of hepatocellular carcinoma cases was 74/11. The mean age was 55 and the median age 56.7. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that the most common hepatic disorder was cirrhosis due to Hepatitis B virus in the hepatectomy specimens of our series that mostly consisted of total hepatectomies performed for transplantation where 50% had hepatocellular carcinoma.
Acupuncture for idiopathic headache.

BACKGROUND Acupuncture is widely used for the treatment of headache, but its effectiveness is controversial. OBJECTIVES To determine whether acupuncture is: - more effective than no treatment - more effective than 'sham' (placebo) acupuncture - as effective as other interventions used to treat idiopathic (primary) headaches. SEARCH STRATEGY Electronic searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and the database of the Cochrane Field for Complementary Medicine. We also contacted researchers in the field and checked the bibliographies of all articles obtained. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized or quasi-randomized clinical trials comparing acupuncture with any type of control intervention for the treatment of idiopathic (primary) headaches were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Information on patients, interventions, methods, and results was extracted by at least two independent reviewers using a pre-tested standard form. Results on headache frequency and intensity were summarized descriptively. Responder rate ratios (responder rate in treatment group/responder rate in control group) were calculated as a crude indicator of results for sham-acupuncture-controlled trials. Quantitative meta-analysis was not possible due to trial heterogeneity and insufficient reporting. MAIN RESULTS Twenty-six trials including a total of 1151 patients (median, 37; range, 10-150) met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen trials were conducted among patients with migraine, six among patients with tension-type headache, and four among patients with various types of headaches. The majority of trials had methodological and/or reporting shortcomings. In eight of the 16 trials comparing true and sham (placebo) acupuncture in migraine and tension-type headache patients, true acupuncture was reported to be significantly superior; in four trials there was a trend in favor of true acupuncture; and in two trials there was no difference between the two interventions. (Two trials were uninterpretable.) The 10 trials comparing acupuncture with other forms of treatment yielded contradictory results. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Overall, the existing evidence supports the value of acupuncture for the treatment of idiopathic headaches. However, the quality and amount of evidence are not fully convincing. There is an urgent need for well-planned, large-scale studies to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of acupuncture under real-life conditions.
Cross-Cultural Integrity Testing as a Marker of Regional Corruption Rates

Despite the extensive research on integrity testing in personnel psychology, very little cross-cultural evidence is currently available. The present study compares mean integrity test scores across 27 countries, based on data collected from 60,952 job applicants, and examines the relationship between these scores and a comparative index of country-level corruption as a broad measure of cross-cultural validity. G. S. Hofstede's cultural dimension indices are then used to explain these findings. The results indicate significant variance between cross-cultural integrity test scores overall, and that this variance is significantly related to country levels of corruption (r=−.48), as well as Hofstede's power distance and collectivism dimensions, as hypothesized. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Estimating Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in a Free-Living Context: A Pragmatic Comparison of Consumer-Based Activity Trackers and ActiGraph Accelerometry

Background Activity trackers are increasingly popular with both consumers and researchers for monitoring activity and for promoting positive behavior change. However, there is a lack of research investigating the performance of these devices in free-living contexts, for which findings are likely to vary from studies conducted in well-controlled laboratory settings. Objective The aim was to compare Fitbit One and Jawbone UP estimates of steps, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary behavior with data from the ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer in a free-living context. Methods Thirty-two participants were recruited using convenience sampling; 29 provided valid data for this study (female: 90%, 26/29; age: mean 39.6, SD 11.0 years). On two occasions for 7 days each, participants wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on their right hip and either a hip-worn Fitbit One (n=14) or wrist-worn Jawbone UP (n=15) activity tracker. Daily estimates of steps and very active minutes were derived from the Fitbit One (n=135 days) and steps, active time, and longest idle time from the Jawbone UP (n=154 days). Daily estimates of steps, MVPA, and longest sedentary bout were derived from the corresponding days of ActiGraph data. Correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots with examination of systematic bias were used to assess convergent validity and agreement between the devices and the ActiGraph. Cohen’s kappa was used to assess the agreement between each device and the ActiGraph for classification of active versus inactive (≥10,000 steps per day and ≥30 min/day of MVPA) comparable with public health guidelines. Results Correlations with ActiGraph estimates of steps and MVPA ranged between . 72 and . 90 for Fitbit One and . 56 and . 75 for Jawbone UP. Compared with ActiGraph estimates, both devices overestimated daily steps by 8% (Fitbit One) and 14% (Jawbone UP). However, mean differences were larger for daily MVPA (Fitbit One: underestimated by 46%; Jawbone UP: overestimated by 50%). There was systematic bias across all outcomes for both devices. Correlations with ActiGraph data for longest idle time (Jawbone UP) ranged from . 08 to . 19. Agreement for classifying days as active or inactive using the ≥10,000 steps/day criterion was substantial (Fitbit One: κ=.68; Jawbone UP: κ=.52) and slight-fair using the criterion of ≥30 min/day of MVPA (Fitbit One: κ=.40; Jawbone UP: κ=.14). Conclusions There was moderate-strong agreement between the ActiGraph and both Fitbit One and Jawbone UP for the estimation of daily steps. However, due to modest accuracy and systematic bias, they are better suited for consumer-based self-monitoring (eg, for the public consumer or in behavior change interventions) rather than to evaluate research outcomes. The outcomes that relate to health-enhancing MVPA (eg, “very active minutes” for Fitbit One or “active time” for Jawbone UP) and sedentary behavior (“idle time” for Jawbone UP) should be used with caution by consumers and researchers alike.
Macrocytosis associated with monoclonal gammopathy

Abstract: Objective: To report the potential association between unexplained macrocytosis and monoclonal gammopathy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who had monoclonal protein detected by serum electrophoresis and immunofixation from October 1999 until September 2003 at our institution. Patients with concomitant macrocytosis were included in this study. We collected data on patient demographics, evaluations performed for macrocytosis, pertinent laboratory tests relevant to the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy and presence of associated hematologic disorders. Results: We identified 258 patients with monoclonal gammopathy. Thirty‐one (12%) of them had concomitant macrocytosis. Of the latter group, 14 (5%) patients had no identifiable cause of macrocytosis after thorough evaluation and were considered to have macrocytosis associated with monoclonal gammopathy. The median values for mean cell volume and serum monoclonal protein were 103.9 fL (range 100.8–109.8) and 1.95 gm/dL (range 0.8–4.3), respectively. Most patients had IgG (71%) and kappa light chain (79%). All of the 11 (of 14) patients who underwent a bone marrow biopsy as part of the initial evaluation had megaloblastoid maturation of the erythroid precursors. No correlation was found between the level of serum monoclonal protein and the degree of macrocytosis (r = +0.48, P = 0.08). After a median follow‐up of 22.5 month (range 3–60+), all but one patient had persistent but stable macrocytosis. Conclusion: Macrocytosis can be a manifestation of monoclonal gammopathy. Disorders associated with monoclonal gammopathy should be considered in the differential diagnoses during evaluation of macrocytosis.