Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors in Youth

The purpose of this study was to review the current evidence base of psychosocial treatments for suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) in youth. We reviewed major scientific databases (HealthSTAR, MEDLine, PsycINFO, PubMed) for relevant studies published prior to June 2013. The search identified 29 studies examining interventions for suicidal or nonsuicidal SITBs in children or adolescents. No interventions currently meet the Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology standards for Level 1: well-established treatments. Six treatment categories were classified as Level 2: probably efficacious or Level 3: possibly efficacious for reducing SITBs in youth. These treatments came from a variety of theoretical orientations, including cognitive-behavioral, family, interpersonal, and psychodynamic theories. Common elements across efficacious treatments included family skills training (e.g., family communication and problem solving), parent education and training (e.g., monitoring and contingency management), and individual skills training (e.g., emotion regulation and problem solving). Several treatments have shown potential promise for reducing SITBs in children and adolescents. However, the probably/possibly efficacious treatments identified each have evidence from only a single randomized controlled trial. Future research should focus on replicating studies of promising treatments, identifying active treatment ingredients, examining mediators and moderators of treatment effects, and developing brief interventions for high-risk periods (e.g., following hospital discharge).
The Practice of Natural Family Planning versus the Use of Artifical Birth Control: Family, Sexual and Moral Issues

NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING It is essential to understand what is meant by natural family planning in order to realize why it produces so many benefits to the marriage. In general, Natural Family Planning (NFP) is defined as methods for achieving or postponing pregnancy that are based on observations of naturally occurring signs in the woman’s body that inform her of the fertile and infertile phases of her cycle. Authentic Natural Family Planning never interferes with the transmission of life; its sincere openness to the Will of God and respect for life is its most vital virtue. Various natural methods are being taught throughout the world that respect the natural law and are accepted by most cultures and religions. The Ovulation Method (OM) of Natural Family Planning is at present the most widely used method because it is the easiest to learn and simplest to follow. The NFP survey participants in the following study were generally practicing the Ovulation Method. This Method is neither the old “Rhythm” method nor the “Temperature” or Sympto-thermal method. It is based on the simple recognition of natural signs of fertility that appear for a few days during the woman’s fertile cycle. It is important to recognize that a woman is only fertile for approximately 100 hours per cycle during her reproductive years, whereas a man is potentially fertile every day from puberty onward. The advantages of the OM that influence the practice of natural family planning within the marriage are not only spiritual, but also psychological and physical. It is simple to learn and
The Influence of Predeployment Training on Coordination in Multinational Headquarters: The Moderating Role of Organizational Obstacles to Information Sharing

Coordination is critical to the success of multinational military operations and may be fostered by predeployment training. We argue that whether such training is related to a high degree of perceived coordination at the individual level is likely to depend on whether individuals experience a low degree of organizational obstacles to information sharing. We examined this using data from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Kosovo Force headquarters (survey: n = 131). We controlled for whether it was the participants’ first deployment, the participants’ background (military or civilian), the amount of time spent in the headquarters by participants, whether differences pertaining to culture and opinions were valued by the organization, the quality of supervisor/subordinate relationships, and the degree of national cultural obstacles to information sharing. The results showed no significant direct effects on coordination from 3 different training configurations: national training, multinational training, and a combination of national and multinational training. However, we found a negative direct effect from organizational obstacles to information sharing on coordination, and support for organizational obstacles to information sharing as negatively moderating the multinational predeployment training and coordination relationship. Qualitative interviews (n = 14) indicated that informal information sharing, and the problems exchanging information from tactical to operational levels could hinder coordination. Interventions to foster coordination could benefit from a focus on multinational training and lowering organizational obstacles to information sharing. Our findings contribute to more precisely pinpointing the types of training that are useful in multinational operations, as well as the factors upon which training transfer is contingent.
HIV Screening via Fourth-Generation Immunoassay or Nucleic Acid Amplification Test in the United States: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Background At least 10% of the 56,000 annual new HIV infections in the United States are caused by individuals with acute HIV infection (AHI). It unknown whether the health benefits and costs of routine nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) are justified, given the availability of newer fourth-generation immunoassay tests. Methods Using a dynamic HIV transmission model instantiated with U.S. epidemiologic, demographic, and behavioral data, I estimated the number of acute infections identified, HIV infections prevented, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, and the cost-effectiveness of alternative screening strategies. I varied the target population (everyone aged 15-64, injection drug users [IDUs] and men who have sex with men [MSM], or MSM only), screening frequency (annually, or every six months), and test(s) utilized (fourth-generation immunoassay only, or immunoassay followed by pooled NAAT). Results Annual immunoassay testing of MSM reduces incidence by 9.5% and costs <$10,000 per QALY gained. Adding pooled NAAT identifies 410 AHI per year, prevents 9.6% of new cases, costs $92,000 per QALY gained, and remains <$100,000 per QALY gained in settings where undiagnosed HIV prevalence exceeds 4%. Screening IDUs and MSM annually with fourth-generation immunoassay reduces incidence by 13% with cost-effectiveness <$10,000 per QALY gained. Increasing the screening frequency to every six months reduces incidence by 11% (MSM only) or 16% (MSM and IDUs) and costs <$20,000 per QALY gained. Conclusions Pooled NAAT testing every 12 months of MSM and IDUs in the United States prevents a modest number of infections, but may be cost-effective given sufficiently high HIV prevalence levels. However, testing via fourth-generation immunoassay every six months prevents a greater number of infections, is more economically efficient, and may obviate the benefits of acute HIV screening via NAAT.
Effects of noninvasive brain stimulation in cerebral stroke related vision loss

Background & Aims : Although vision loss is a very common and serious complication in cerebral stroke patients, there appears to be a mismatch in the number of studies establishing the potential of noninvasive brain stimulation modalities for post stroke vision loss compared to other complications of cerebrovascular accidents. This review aims to describe the current literature on noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques in post cerebral stroke vision loss and suggests future considerations in this field. Methods : Three independent reviewers conducted a systematic search in PUBMED database. We included all publications covering vision-loss after cerebral stroke (case reports, RCT, pilot studies). This search yielded six relevant papers that met our criteria. Results : We found two case reports (1 tDCS, 1 TMS), one comparative case study (tDCS), and three randomized, controlled clinical pilot studies (all tDCS). No study applying tACS on stroke related vision loss fit our criteria. Our review shows that very few studies so far investigated non-invasive brain stimulation techniques as a treatment option in cerebral stroke related vision loss. The case reports as well as the small pilot studies;however, suggest a beneficial effect of applying tDCS over the primary visual cortex in addition to vision restoration training (VRT) in regaining parts of the visual field and accelerating the recovery time. These results are comparable and consistent with findings on stroke related motor and speech rehabilitation with the application of different NIBS protocols. A case report on repetitive TMS (1Hz) showed its potential use in down-regulation of visual cortical areas to cease visual hallucinations as a concomitant in visual field loss, also known as Charles-Bonnet-Syndrome. Conclusion : Although studies are scarce and data are limited, we have found some evidence that NIBS-techniques have positive effects on the rehabilitation of visual field loss post cerebral stroke. More studies are needed to investigate mechanisms of action and proof of efficacy.
Site specific analysis on mm-Wave radio propagation in commercial small urban

This paper describes R.M. S delay spread according to the TX-RX separation distance in commercial urban zone measurement at millimeter wave frequency. We found that small scale fading in our focus is caused by multipath due to a large number of reflective and diffractive characteristics in various urban environments. With the ray-optical site specific model presented in this paper, R.M. S delay spread predictions in urban hot-spot propagation environment gave reasonable accuracy.
Elevated Expression of Calpain-4 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer after Gastrectomy

Calpain-4 belongs to the calpain family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, and functions as a small regulatory subunit of the calpains. Recent evidence indicates that calpain-4 plays critical roles in tumor migration and invasion. However, the roles of calpain-4 in gastric tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Herein, we examined calpain-4 expression by immunohistochemical staining on tissue microarrays containing tumor samples of 174 gastric cancer patients between 2004 and 2008 at a single center. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare survival curves, and expression levels were correlated to clinicopathological factors and overall survival. Our data demonstrated that calpain-4 was generally increased in gastric cancer cell lines and primary tumor tissues. High expression of calpain-4 was positively associated with vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM (Tumor Node Metastasis) stage. Multivariate analysis identified calpain-4 as an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis. A predictive nomogram integrating calpain-4 expression with other independent prognosticators was constructed, which generated a better prognostic value for overall survival of gastric cancer patients than a TNM staging system. In conclusion, calpain-4 could be regarded as a potential prognosis indicator for clinical outcomes in gastric cancer.
Fabrication and evaluation of valsartan–polymer– surfactant composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent process

The aim of this study was to fabricate valsartan composite nanoparticles by using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process, and to evaluate the correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for the poorly water-soluble drug valsartan. Spherical composite nanoparticles with a mean size smaller than 400 nm, which contained valsartan, were successfully fabricated by using the SAS process. X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses indicated that valsartan was present in an amorphous form within the composite nanoparticles. The in vitro dissolution and oral bioavailability of valsartan were dramatically enhanced by the composite nanoparticles. Valsartan–hydroxypropyl methylcellulose–poloxamer 407 nanoparticles exhibited faster drug release (up to 90% within 10 minutes under all dissolution conditions) and higher oral bioavailability than the raw material, with an approximately 7.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration. In addition, there was a positive linear correlation between the pharmacokinetic parameters and the in vitro dissolution efficiency. Therefore, the preparation of composite nanoparticles with valsartan–hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and poloxamer 407 by using the SAS process could be an effective formulation strategy for the development of a new dosage form of valsartan with high oral bioavailability.
Children's understanding of teaching: A component of self-regulation?

Children's understanding of teaching and the conceptual relationships of this understanding to self- regulation and epistemic beliefs were explored by interviewing children identified as gifted, aged 6 to 17, about how they would like to be taught core academic subjects and how they would teach them to their own class. Data were analyzed using a constructivist approach to grounded theory informed by neo-Piagetian cognitive developmental theory. Five levels of understanding were articulated that formed a developmental trajectory in which young children saw teaching as action- based and concrete, focused on helping them do things right. By middle childhood, recognition of basic principles of teaching and learning were evident, then consciousness of the interdependence of teaching and learning. In early adolescence, emergent philosophical views on the nature of knowledge were expressed. Some of the older adolescents demonstrated personal philosophies of learning focused on growth, mutual partnership, and excitement about learning.
Students' Perception on Social Media in Writing Class at STKIP Muhammadiyah Rappang, Indonesia

Almost all students use social media, but few lecturers use it in their teaching process. This study examines students’ perceptions of the use of social media in the process of teaching English in STKIP Rappang Muhammadiyah, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study was conducted using a mixed method, including quantitative and qualitative data. Data were collected using a questionnaire that collected background information of participants, a four-point Likert scale to gauge the students’ perceived use of social media in class, and open-ended questions to gather more data rich in the beliefs, attitudes, wishes and concerns of students regarding the use of social media in the writing classroom. Findings from this study indicate that the majority of students showed a positive attitude toward and a willingness to use social media in the writing classroom. However, factors such as large classes, lack of training on the use of the Internet, and the lack of facilities could be possible barriers to the use of social media in the classroom.
Managing Mental Representations During Narrative Comprehension

Three experiments investigated how readers manage their mental representations during narrative comprehension. The first experiment investigated whether readers' access to their mental representations of the main character in a narrative becomes enhanced (producing a "benefit") when the character is rementioned; the first experiment also investigated whether readers' access to the main character in a narrative becomes weakened or interfered with (producing a "cost") when a new character is introduced. The purpose of the second experiment was to ensure that there was nothing unusually salient about the accessibility of names; thus, we assessed readers' access to an object associated with the main character rather than the character's name. Again, readers demonstrated increased accessibility to the main character when it was rementioned in the narrative, and readers demonstrated reduced accessibility to the main character when a new character was introduced. A third experiment compared more-skilled and less-skilled readers' abilities to manage these mental representations during narrative comprehension. Findings were consistent with research suggesting that more-skilled readers are more skilled at attenuating interfering information (i.e., suppression). Data from all 3 experiments suggest that successful narrative comprehension involves managing mental representations of salient and often times interfering characters.
A nose that roars: anatomical specializations and behavioural features of rutting male saiga

The involvement of the unique saiga nose in vocal production has been neglected so far. Rutting male saigas produce loud nasal roars. Prior to roaring, they tense and extend their noses in a highly stereotypic manner. This change of nose configuration includes dorsal folding and convex curving of the nasal vestibulum and is maintained until the roar ends. Red and fallow deer males that orally roar achieve a temporary increase of vocal tract length (vtl) by larynx retraction. Saiga males attain a similar effect by pulling their flexible nasal vestibulum rostrally, allowing for a temporary elongation of the nasal vocal tract by about 20%. Decrease of formant frequencies and formant dispersion, as acoustic effects of an increase of vtl, are assumed to convey important information on the quality of a dominant male to conspecifics, e.g. on body size and fighting ability. Nasal roaring in saiga may equally serve to deter rival males and to attract females. Anatomical constraints might have set a limit to the rostral pulling of the nasal vestibulum. It seems likely that the sexual dimorphism of the saiga nose was induced by sexual selection. Adult males of many mammalian species, after sniffing or licking female urine or genital secretions, raise their head and strongly retract their upper lip and small nasal vestibulum while inhalating orally. This flehmen behaviour is assumed to promote transport of non‐volatile substances via the incisive ducts into the vomeronasal organs for pheromone detection. The flehmen aspect in saiga involves the extensive flexible walls of the greatly enlarged nasal vestibulum and is characterized by a distinctly concave configuration of the nose region, the reverse of that observed in nasal roaring. A step‐by‐step model for the gradual evolution of the saiga nose is presented here.
Palatally impacted canines: factors affecting treatment duration on lateral cephalograms

Aim: The aim of the study was to find out whether a relationship exists between the position of palatally impacted canines, focused on vertical position and inclination of palatally impacted upper canines on lateral cephalograms taken prior to orthodontic therapy, and the treatment duration. Material and Method: Forty - seven palatally impacted canines were measured in 44 lateral cephalograms prior to treatment. The measured parameters were: vertical distance of the canine crown and inclination of the canine long axis to the occlusal plane on lateral cephalograms. Duration of treatment of the impacted canine was established as the time period between commencement of an active traction till the canine was aligned into the dental arch. Conclusions: A statistically significant mild correlation was found between the canine inclination to the occlusal plane on a lateral cephalogram and treatment duration. The relationship between the canine cusp distance from the occlusal plane on a cephalogram and treatment duration was not proved.
Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis: medical therapy and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)—a real-world retrospective cohort analysis of outcomes and cost-effectiveness using national data

Objectives Determine the real-world difference between 2 groups of patients with severe aortic stenosis and similar baseline comorbidities: surgical turn down (STD) patients, who were managed medically prior to the availability of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) following formal surgical outpatient assessment, and patients managed with a TAVI implant. Design Retrospective cohort study from real-world data. Setting Electronic patient letters were searched for patients with a diagnosis of severe aortic stenosis and a formal outpatient STD prior to the availability of TAVI (1999–2009). The second group comprised the first 90 cases of TAVI in South Wales (2009 onwards). 2 years prior to and 5 years following TAVI/STD were assessed. Patient data were pseudoanonymised, using the Secure Anonymized Information Linkage (SAIL) databank, and extracted from Office National Statistics (ONS), Patient-Episode Database for Wales (PEDW) and general practitioner databases. Population 90 patients who had undergone TAVI in South Wales, and 65 STD patients who were medically managed. Main outcome measures Survival, hospital admission frequency and length of stay, primary care visits, and cost-effectiveness. Results TAVI patients were significantly older (81.8 vs 79.2), more likely to be male (59.1% vs 49.3%), baseline comorbidities were balanced. Mortality in TAVI versus STD was 28% vs 70% at 1000 days follow-up. There were significantly more hospital admissions per year in the TAVI group prior to TAVI/STD (1.5 (IQR 1.0–2.4) vs 1.0 IQR (0.5–1.5)). Post TAVI/STD, the TAVI group had significantly lower hospital admissions (0.3 (IQR 0.0–1.0) vs 1.2 (IQR 0.7–3.0)) and lengths of stay (0.4 (IQR 0.0–13.8) vs 11.0 (IQR 2.5–28.5), p<0.05). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for TAVI was £10 533 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Conclusions TAVI patients were more likely to survive and avoid hospital admissions compared with the medically managed STD group. The ICER for TAVI was £10 533 per QALY, making it a cost-effective procedure.
Assessment of microbial diversity of Deyeuxia angustifolia wetland through phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) in Sanjiang Plain.

The Sanjiang plain is the most important wetland ecosystem in northeast China. Due to human activity, the water level is severely lowered, resulting in various stages of wetland degradation, with subsequent changes of ecosystem functions. Here we studied the changes in microbial content and diversity of soil in marsh, marsh meadow and meadow wetland, each of these is typically covered by Deyeuxia angustifolia. The method applied was qualitative and quantitative analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PFLA). 72 types of PLFA were detected in the soil types, of which 29 could be attributed to microbial groups, with prokaryotes being most often detected. The detected characterized PFLA represented a soil microbial biomass of approximately 2 to 31 nmol·g -1 dry soil. Compared to soil from marsh wetland, the total content of PLFA, and PLFA derived from Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria was higher in meadow and marsh meadow soil. The fatty acid content in bacteria, fungi and protozoavaried between the soil types with lower values in marsh wetlandthan the other soil types. Canonical correlation analysis identified thatsoil pH, water content and total nitrogen content were the most influential factors determining the amount of bacteria in soil, while the nitrate nitrogen content also had an impact. The microbial community structure became more diverseas wetland degradation progressed. © 2018 Friends Science Publishers