Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antecedents and trajectories of achievement goals: a self-determination theory perspective.

BACKGROUND Research has shown that both achievement goal theory and self-determination theory (SDT) are quite useful in explaining student motivation and success in academic contexts. However, little is known about how the two theories relate to each other. AIM The current research used SDT as a framework to understand why students enter classes with particular achievement goal profiles, and also, how those profiles may change over time. SAMPLE One hundred and eighty-four undergraduate preservice teachers in a required domain course agreed to participate in the study. METHOD Data were collected at three time points during the semester, and both path modelling and multi-level longitudinal modelling techniques were used. RESULTS Path modelling techniques with 169 students, results indicated that students' autonomy and relatedness need satisfaction in life predict their initial self-determined class motivation, which in turn predicts initial mastery-approach and -avoidance goals. Multi-level longitudinal modelling with 108 students found that perceived teacher autonomy support buffered against the general decline in students' mastery-approach goals over the course of the semester. CONCLUSIONS Data provide a promising integration of SDT and achievement goal theory, posing a host of potentially fruitful future research questions regarding goal adoption and trajectories.
Gender and Sustaining Political Ambition: a Study of Arizona Elected Officials

E xtant literature and data indicate that there are many differences and few similarities between men and women who express comparable levels of political ambition. By studying male political elites, researchers have constructed a model of political ambition which predicts that women who deviate from the male model cannot be ambitious or successful. Yet, we know that women are ambitious and do hold political office. Some set of circumstances must exist that explains their ambition, and we suggest it is their attitudes and beliefs about the political and electoral system that sustains their ambition. In this exploratory case study of Arizona elected officials we seek to advance our knowledge about gender differences in sustaining political ambition. To achieve this objective we first examine how gender relates to sociopolitical status and political opportunity explanations of political ambition. Second, we explore gender differences in beliefs about barriers to electoral success and identify how these officials think electoral success occurs. Finally, we provide an explanation for why women sustain political ambition even though the prevailing malebased explanatory model suggests they will not be ambitious or successful.
THE DAY‐OF‐THE‐WEEK ANOMALY: THE TORONTO STOCK EXCHANGE EXPERIENCE

This paper studies the day-of-the-week effect employing Canadian stock returns from January 1, 1975 to June 30, 1989. The study finds that, as opposed to large capitalization stocks, low capitalization (thinly-traded) stocks tend to have a larger negative return on Tuesday rather than on Monday - possibly due to lags in the price adjustment of these stocks following the release of negative information. Two main issues are investigated in an attempt to explain the day-of-the-week effect and its persistence over time: (a) the role of dividends, and (b) the role of information flows. The study finds that firms are much more likely to go ex-dividend on Monday than on any other day of the week; however, after correcting for the dividend effect, Monday's returns are still significantly negative. With respect to information flows, we find evidence consistent with an information-flows-related explanation of the day-of-the-week effect, particularly with the idea that macro announcements cause negative Monday returns.
Fostering Group Collaboration in Virtual Worlds

In this paper, we investigate the potential of Virtual Worlds (VWs) in fostering group collaboration in Virtual Teams. A team building activity, the Get Together Activity (GTA), was built in Second Life. It consisted of a set of eight activities. The first six intend to offer the participants experiences of transformed social interaction and embodiment, facilitating a certain familiarity with the VW. The last two activities encourage collaborative experience with team members through coordination in time and space. The article reports the design of these activities and places them in the context literature on VWs. Eighty-one participants were invited to fill in a survey evaluating the GTA. The results are presented and analyzed. The results of fourteen structured interviews with a focus group of participants provided more insights.
Globalization and the political economy of high skills

This paper seeks to develop a methodology for the comparative study of the political economy of skill formation with a particular focus on policies designed to develop routes to a high skills economy. It is argued that the advanced economies face a series of ‘pressure points’ in common which can only be addressed by making a series of policy trade‐offs. But while the pressure points are common to these economies the trade‐offs will be determined by the politics, culture and history of a nation's economic and social development.
The value co-creation process as a determinant of customer satisfaction

Purpose – The greater part of the academic literature coincides in highlighting the positive influence that consumer participation has on the value created in service delivery. In this sense, research stands out which studies the consumer's role as a value co-creator in the service. However, there are few studies which analyze the consequences of co-creation behavior from the customer perspective. This research aims to fill this gap. To do so, it sets out from the measuring of co-creation from the perspective of the customers themselves and proposes that there is a direct relationship between value co-creation behavior and customer satisfaction with the service experience. Design/methodology/approach – To verify the hypothesis proposed, adults over 18 were personally interviewed. They had to be regular users of firms in the beauty parlor and personal care sector. The data collection finished with 547 duly-completed questionnaires. The SPSS 20 and AMOS 20 statistical programs were used for the data analysi.
Errors of Measurement in Output Deflators

In this paper we investigate the incidence of measurement errors in two independent estimates of long-term price change, within the framework of "multiple indicators" models of price measurement. We develop estimates of the measurement-error variances associated with both the Producer Price Index (PPI) and the Census Unit Value Relative (UVR) . Our estimates provide support for the generally accepted view that the PPI is a far more reliable indicator of long-term price change: the estimated signal-to-noise ratios for the PPI and UVR are 2.72 and 0.53, respectively. Our estimates should be useful for both constructing an optimal indicator of price change, and for identifying econometric models including error-ridden price- or output-growth terms as regressors. Our analysis suggests that "scores" assigned to product deflators provide useful information about their reliability. By extending our model to explicitly incorporate product-quality change, we are able to assess the importance of the problem posed by quality change for price and productivity measurement. Less than half of quality change, which we estimate to occur at an average annual rate of 1.3 percent, appears to be adjusted for in the PPI. Consequently, estimates of productivity growth based on the PPI underestimate "quality-adjusted" productivity growth by an estimated 43 percent.
Unit Roots and Deterministic Trends in Spatial Econometric Models

This article reflects on the relevance of the concept of unit roots in the spatial context. The initial introduction of this topic in the time-series literature caused significant changes in the mainstream econometric methodology. However, the literature specialized in spatial econometric modeling has not extensively dealt with this issue. The current article continues the discussion of the concept of unit roots employed in a spatial context and presents a series of peculiarities that should be noticed. Subsequently, attention focuses on the topic of deterministic trends associated with the scale factor that intervenes in autoregressive spatial processes. The incidence of this type of trend should not be neglected. It induces the risk of finding spurious correlation that should be taken into account.
Testing for Cointegration between House Prices and Economic Fundamentals

Economic theory predicts three possibilities for the cointegration relationship between house prices and economic fundamentals: linear cointegration, nonlinear cointegration and no cointegration. In contrast, the empirical literature has only examined linear cointegration. This article argues that ignoring nonlinear cointegration may lead to misleading conclusions that no cointegration exists between house prices and the fundamentals. To illustrate this point, I test for cointegration for ten U.S. cities and find that only one city shows evidence of linear cointegration. Further analysis using the two-step testing procedure yields evidence of nonlinear cointegration for six other cities. Still, there are three cities left out without evidence of nonlinear cointegration. Further studies are needed to test for other forms of nonlinear cointegration before a conclusion of no cointegration can be reached for the remaining three cities.
CA 549 as a Marker in Breast Cancer

CA 549 is one of several carcinoma associated mucin antigens proposed as a breast cancer tumor marker. In this study, the performance characteristics of the CA 549 assay were validated and the clinical utility of the test was compared with that of other breast cancer markers including CA 15-3, CA M26, CA M29 and carcinoembryonic antigen. The upper limit of normal was established as 15.5 U/ml based on data for 250 control subjects apparently free of disease. Overall, CA 549 had a low negative predictive value (0.51) due to a low sensitivity in the detection of early breast cancer. However, the test had a high positive predictive value (0.93) reflecting a high specificity for the disease. In 56 patients with advanced breast cancer, the sensitivity was 0.71 for CA 549 alone and 0.79-0.84 for CA 549 combined with any of the other markers studied.
Do direct payments have intertemporal effects on U.S. agriculture

The question whether production flexibility payments to farmers are likely to be minimally trade distorting is considered in an inter-temporal and economy wide context. Our contribution lies in showing the circumstances, over time, under which a minimally trade distorting result is likely to obtain. If agricultural capital markets are complete, we find that payments have long run effects on land values and land rental rates, but they have no effect on production. If capital markets are not complete, we find production effects, but they are small (0.2 percent) in the short run and disappear in the long-run. The only permanent effects are on land rental rates and land values that increase by about 10 percent in the short run tapering off to slightly above 8 percent in the long run.
THERE ARE COALITIONS EVERYWHERE

ABSTRACT Do members of the committees under the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) find that there are coalitions of specific member states in these committees? If so, then what kind of side payments hold these coalitions together? For the first time in scholarly literature, and based on an empirical investigation, the findings in this paper document that two opposing coalitions – with the United Kingdom and France as the respective leaders – exist in OMC committees where mutual learning is the raison d’être. In the existing theory on this subject in the EU, it is claimed that consensus decision-making leads to a weakening of coalition-building. All three committees analysed in this paper build on consensus decision-making, which is achieved after intensive meetings between all the members. However, it is contended that the ‘argumentative contest’ working method of the OMC committees leads to more – not less – coalition-building. On the basis of a test, it is also shown that these committees are primarily held together by side payments in the form of ‘promises relating to policy among the like-minded’; however, ‘payments allied to subsequent decisions’ add to the cement of the coalition-building processes stemming from the OMC working method.
Multiple pathways are involved in protection of MCF‐7 cells against death due to protein synthesis inhibition

Previously we have shown that IGF‐1 protected MCF‐7 cells against death induced by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). In the present study we investigated the ability of protein kinase C activator 12‐0‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA), the protein kinase A activator 8‐bromoadenosine 3′5′‐cyclic monophosphate (Br‐cAMP), and the enzyme inhibitor aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) to protect MCF‐7 cells against death, due to a continuous presence of CHX. Cell death was evaluated after 48 h of incubation by several techniques (trypan blue staining, release of lactic dehydrogenase, cellular ATP content, transmission electron microscopy, and DNA fragmentation). Apoptosis which terminates in necrosis, characterized this mode of cell death. TPA and ATA at optimal concentrations of 40 ng/ml and 100 μg/ml, respectively, reduced cell death to the control level (without CHX), while Br‐cAMP at an optimal concentration of 650 μg/ml reduced cell death only partially. IGF‐1, TPA, and ATA, which stimulated protein synthesis in the control MCF‐7 cells, had no effect on protein synthesis in the CHX‐treated cells, indicating that the survival effect is not due to new protein synthesis. The protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine blocked the survival effect of TPA and IGF‐1 in a dose‐dependent manner, however did not affect the survival effect of ATA. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein blocked the survival effect of IGF‐1, but not that of TPA and ATA. Our results provide evidence for several distinctive pathways, the activation of which protects MCF‐7 cells against death, due to protein synthesis inhibition. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative investigation of college students' financial behaviour

The rapid growth of student loan debt has led to increased public attention on college students' financial aid and financial behaviour. This study addresses the psychological process underlying effective college student financial behaviour and its determinants. A model modified based on planned behaviour theory is proposed and empirically tested using a sample of 243 college students. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is employed to examine the model fits and to investigate the relationship among the proposed factors. The determinants of financial behaviour identified by this study include attitude, intention, and perceived behavioural control, past behaviour, subjective norm, behavioural beliefs, subjective norm beliefs, and control beliefs. Additionally, this research examines the relative importance of these determinants and tests the role of beliefs.
Plurality, Policy and the Local

Over the last 15 years, the acceleration in media consolidation has presented a series of policy challenges around diversity of editorial output. While policy debates on national ownership limits and other regulatory interventions are important, developments at the local level are often marginalised. And yet, the direction of travel—towards more consolidation and more deregulation—has arguably been more debilitating for democracy at the local level, where the vast majority of citizens interact with hospitals, schools, transport systems and local councils. The decline of local media—including, in some towns, the wholesale disappearance of local newspapers—leaves citizens starved of information and local institutions less accountable. This article uses an existing conceptual framework for assessing whether and how journalism makes a real-life contribution to democratic life at the local level. Against this normative framework, it then assesses the contribution of hyperlocal media sites to local democracy. We present findings from the most extensive survey of the hyperlocal sector to date, a collaboration with research partners at Cardiff and Birmingham City Universities and Talk About Local, which analysed online questionnaires from over 180 local online media initiatives. Our research offers a unique insight into the funding, operational problems and sustainability of community media sites, and suggests they have the potential to fulfil a vital democratic and civic role. These data inform our conclusions and recommendations for policy initiatives that would invigorate hyperlocal sites and therefore provide a real alternative for otherwise democratically impoverished local communities.
Electron Swarm Parameters in $\hbox{c-C}_{4} \hbox{F}_{8}$ and $\hbox{CO}_{2}$ Gas Mixtures From Boltzmann Equation Analysis

The electron swarm parameters in c-C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> gas mixtures, including the density-normalized effective ionization coefficient (α-η)/<i>N</i> and the drift velocity <i>V</i><sub>e</sub>, are calculated for the overall density-reduced electric-field strength <i>E</i>/<i>N</i> values from 150 to 600 Td (1 Td = 10<sup>-17</sup> V · cm<sup>2</sup>). These calculations have been performed through solving the Boltzmann equation under the two-term approximation in the condition of steady-state Townsend experiment. The c-C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub> content <i>k</i> in the gas mixtures can be varied over the range of 0%-100 %. From the variation curve of (α-η)/<i>N</i> with the c-C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub> mixture ratio <i>k</i>, the limiting field strength (<i>E</i>/<i>N</i>)<sub>lim</sub> for each c-C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub> concentration is determined for the analysis of the insulation characteristics of the c-C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> mixture. Additionally, the global-warming potential and the liquefaction temperature of c-C<sub>4</sub> F<sub>8</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> gas mixtures are also taken into account to evaluate the possibility of applying in gas insulation of power equipment.
Suicidal Plans and Attempts Among Adolescents in Mongolia: Urban Versus Rural Differences

Background: Although 75% of suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries, few studies have examined suicidal behaviors among young people in these countries. Aims: This study aimed to examine what individual characteristics were associated with suicidal plans and attempts among Mongolian youth and whether suicidal risks and behaviors varied by urban and rural locations. Method: Logistic regression analyses were utilized to investigate suicidal plans and attempts among 5,393 adolescents using the Global Student Health Survey – 2013. Results: Adolescents who lived in urban areas were at higher risk for suicidal plans and behaviors than those who lived in rural areas; however, the patterns of suicidal risks were similar. Specifically, individual characteristics, such as being female, feeling lonely and worried, smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, and having fights at school, were associated with suicidal plans and behaviors regardless of the residential places. Limitations: A number of important variables have not been included in the questionnaire such as depression, family and parental support, household income, family constructs etc. Conclusion: Given the comparable patterns of risk between urban and rural adolescents and the relatively high rates of suicidal plans and attempts, similar mental health services and interventions are necessitated for both urban and rural areas.
Cranial ontogeny, diet, and ecogeographic variation in African lorises

A series of 22 craniodental measurements were obtained for the three subspecies of potto (Perodicticus) and angwantibos (Arctocebus). To describe patterns of variation in Perodicticus, a discriminant function analysis (DFA) was performed with adult data. To investigate the ecogeographic correlates of size variation in Perodicticus, adult cranial dimensions were compared with field data on latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates for available specimens as well as altitudinal data for a more limited sample. Ontogenetic series for larger‐bodied Perodicticus and smaller‐bodied Arctocebus were compared to test the hypothesis that inter‐ and intrageneric variation in skull form results from the differential extension/truncation of shared patterns of relative growth, and to assess morphological variation in the masticatory complex of sister taxa with differing dietary habits. Analyses of relative growth indicate that skull proportions in Perodicticus subspecies are largely ontogenetically scaled. In comparisons between Perodicticus and Arctocebus, most facial dimensions also are ontogenetically scaled, with all but one of the seven divergent comparisons (interorbital breadth) representing a feature of the masticatory apparatus. The DFA provided independent support for prior classifications of Perodicticus into three taxa. Size differentiation in African lorises appears to be correlated with altitudinal variation (Bergmann's Rule) as well as character displacement. The smallest pottos, P. p. potto, occupy low‐lying coastal habitats in western Africa, whereas the larger, eastern forms inhabit higher, presumably colder elevations. The largest potto, P. p. edwardsi, is sympatric throughout most of its range with the smallest and most insectivorous African lorises (Arctocebus). A basis for intrageneric taxonomic variation in Perodicticus is supported by such nonclinal size variation, as well as divergences in the ontogeny of masticatory proportions corresponding to interspecific variation in dietary proclivities. Am. J. Primatol. 69:59–73, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revisiting the causality between electricity consumption and economic growth in South Africa: a bootstrap rolling-window approach

The study revisits the causality relationship between electricity consumption per capita and economic growth per capita in South Africa for the period 1971-2009 using annual data and takes into consideration different time/sample periods in causal relationships using bootstrapping techniques in conjunction with rolling Granger non-causality tests. Full-sample Granger causality tests find no evidence of causal link between electricity consumption and economic growth. However, parameter stability tests indicate that there is instability in our VAR model and therefore findings from our full-sample Granger causality test cannot be relied upon. This motivates the use of bootstrap rolling-window estimation to investigate the electricity consumption-growth nexus which accounts for the time varying causal link between the two variables. The results indicate two sub-periods, 2002-2003 and 2005-2006, whereby electricity consumption had a causal effect on GDP. Apart for these brief sub periods, the results indicate no causality between the two series. However, these sub-sample periods go hand in hand with significant economic events that occurred in the South African electricity market during these sub-sample periods and the economy in general, indicating that the results can be attributed to real life events and not solely on data provided.