Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative immaturity and ADHD: findings from nationwide registers, parent- and self-reports.

BACKGROUND We addressed if immaturity relative to peers reflected in birth month increases the likelihood of ADHD diagnosis and treatment. METHODS We linked nationwide Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers and used prospective cohort and nested case-control designs to study 6-69 year-old individuals in Sweden from July 2005 to December 2009 (Cohort 1). Cohort 1 included 56,263 individuals diagnosed with ADHD or ever used prescribed ADHD-specific medication. Complementary population-representative cohorts provided DSM-IV ADHD symptom ratings; parent-reported for 10,760 9-year-old twins born 1995-2000 from the CATSS study (Cohort 2) and self-reported for 6,970 adult twins age 20-47 years born 1959-1970 from the STAGE study (Cohort 3). We calculated odds ratios (OR:s) for ADHD across age for individuals born in November/December compared to January/February (Cohort 1). ADHD symptoms in Cohorts 2 and 3 were studied as a function of calendar birth month. RESULTS ADHD diagnoses and medication treatment were both significantly more common in individuals born in November/December versus January/February; peaking at ages 6 (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.5-2.2) and 7 years (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3-1.8) in the Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers, respectively. We found no corresponding differences in parent- or self-reported ADHD symptoms by calendar birth month. CONCLUSION Relative immaturity compared to class mates might contribute to ADHD diagnosis and pharmacotherapy despite absence of parallel findings in reported ADHD symptom loads by relative immaturity. Increased clinical awareness of this phenomenon may be warranted to decrease risk for imprecise diagnostics and treatment. We speculate that flexibility regarding age at school start according to individual maturity could reduce developmentally inappropriate demands on children and improve the precision of ADHD diagnostic practice and pharmacological treatment.
AN ORBIT FIT FOR THE GRILLMAIR DIONATOS COLD STELLAR STREAM

We use velocity and metallicity information from Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration stellar spectroscopy to fit an orbit to the narrow 63° stellar stream of Grillmair and Dionatos. The stars in the stream have a retrograde orbit with eccentricity e = 0.33 (perigalacticon of 14.4 kpc and apogalacticon of 28.7 kpc) and inclination approximately i ∼ 35°. In the region of the orbit which is detected, it has a distance of about 7–11 kpc from the Sun. Assuming a standard disk plus bulge and logarithmic halo potential for the Milky Way stars plus dark matter, the stream stars are moving with a large space velocity of approximately 276 km s−1 at perigalacticon. Using this stream alone, we are unable to determine if the dark matter halo is oblate or prolate. The metallicity of the stream is [Fe/H] = −2.1 ± 0.1. Observed proper motions for individual stream members above the main sequence turnoff are consistent with the derived orbit. None of the known globular clusters in the Milky Way have positions, radial velocities, and metallicities that are consistent with being the progenitor of the GD-1 stream.
Shrinkage estimator based regularization for EEG motor imagery classification

Electroencephalography (EEG) based motor imagery Brain-Computer Interface (MI-BCI) paradigm is used to communicate with external device by people who lost peripheral nerve control, or perform neuro-rehabilitation for stroke patients. BCI systems based on motor imagery often employ feature extraction algorithms based on Common Spatial Patterns (CSP). CSP is capable of discriminating two classes, but it is sensitive to outliers and noisy trials. Therefore, regularisation is often deployed to improve the robustness and accuracy of CSP estimation. In this paper, a novel regularisation approach based on shrinkage estimation is presented in order to handle small sample problem and retain subject-specific discriminative features. In this method, an analytical solution for shrinkage estimation is provided, which not only is computationally tractable, but also overcomes the heuristic approach of traditional cross validation based parameter tuning. We applied the proposed regularisation to Filter-Bank Common Spatial Pattern (FBCSP). The proposed method is evaluated on two publicly available datasets, namely Wadsworth Physiobank Dataset and BCI Competition IV Dataset 2a. The results show that Shrinkage Regularized Filter Bank CSP (SR-FBCSP) outperforms FBCSP in classifying left vs right hand motor imagery.
The Entry of Newcomers Into Organizations.

Abstract : The organizational entry process concerns how newcomers and organizations get matched to each other. This involves the twin processes of matching a job candidate's abilities to organizational job requirements, and matching a person's needs to the climates in an organization. Research in four areas is briefly reviewed: how individuals and organizations learn about each other, the consequences of job candidates and company recruiters trying to sell themselves to each other, how individuals decide which organization to enter, and how organizations decide which job candidate to select. (Author)
Controls on development and diversity of Early Archean stromatolites

The ≈3,450-million-year-old Strelley Pool Formation in Western Australia contains a reef-like assembly of laminated sedimentary accretion structures (stromatolites) that have macroscale characteristics suggestive of biological influence. However, direct microscale evidence of biology—namely, organic microbial remains or biosedimentary fabrics—has to date eluded discovery in the extensively-recrystallized rocks. Recently-identified outcrops with relatively good textural preservation record microscale evidence of primary sedimentary processes, including some that indicate probable microbial mat formation. Furthermore, we find relict fabrics and organic layers that covary with stromatolite morphology, linking morphologic diversity to changes in sedimentation, seafloor mineral precipitation, and inferred microbial mat development. Thus, the most direct and compelling signatures of life in the Strelley Pool Formation are those observed at the microscopic scale. By examining spatiotemporal changes in microscale characteristics it is possible not only to recognize the presence of probable microbial mats during stromatolite development, but also to infer aspects of the biological inputs to stromatolite morphogenesis. The persistence of an inferred biological signal through changing environmental circumstances and stromatolite types indicates that benthic microbial populations adapted to shifting environmental conditions in early oceans.
Improving Students' Vocabulary Mastery By Using Mime Game In SMPN 3 Sungai Raya

7KH(cid:3) VWXGHQWV¶(cid:3) SUREOHP(cid:3) LQ(cid:3) OHDUQLQJ(cid:3) (QJOLVK(cid:3) ZDV(cid:3) ODFNLQJ(cid:3) RI(cid:3) YRFDEXODU\(cid:17)(cid:3) 2QH(cid:3) RI(cid:3) WKH(cid:3) factors was the lack of their interest in learning English. In order to enrich their vocabulary, the researcher used Mime game in order to attract their interest to learn. The SXUSRVH(cid:3)RI(cid:3)WKLV(cid:3)UHVHDUFK(cid:3)LV(cid:3)WR(cid:3)LPSURYH(cid:3)VWXGHQWV¶(cid:3)YRFDEXODU\(cid:3)PDVWHU\(cid:3)DQG(cid:3)LQWHUHVW(cid:3) by using Mime game to the Class VII A students of SMPN 3 Sungai Raya. The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research which consists of Planning, Acting, Observing, and Reflecting. This research was done in two cycles. The participants of this research were the seventh-grade students in class VII A with the total of 32 students. The technique of collecting the data was observation, field note, and measurement test. The writer elaborated the result of observation checklist, field note DQG(cid:3)VWXGHQWV¶(cid:3)PHDQ(cid:3)VFRUH(cid:3)WR(cid:3)JHW(cid:3)WKH(cid:3)ILQGLQJV(cid:17)(cid:3) The results of this study showed that the implementation RI(cid:3)0LPH(cid:3)*DPH(cid:3)LPSURYHG(cid:3)VWXGHQWV¶(cid:3)YRFDEXODU\(cid:15)(cid:3)WKH\ began to show interest by actively answered questions, and enthusiastic while guessing the action word.
Measuring Child Rhythm

Interval-based rhythm metrics were applied to the speech of English, Catalan and Spanish 2, 4 and 6 year-olds, and compared with the (adult-directed) speech of their mothers. Results reveal that child speech does not fall into a well-defined rhythmic class: for all three languages, it is more ‘vocalic’ (higher %V) than adult speech and has a tendency towards lower variability (when normalized for speech rate) in vocalic interval duration. Consonantal interval variability, however, is higher in child speech, particularly for younger children. Nevertheless, despite the identification of common, cross-linguistic patterns in child speech, the emergence of language-specific rhythmic indices is also clearly observable, even in the speech of 2 year-olds.
Posttranscriptional gene silencing in nuclei

In plants, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with sequence homology to transcribed regions of genes can guide the sequence-specific degradation of corresponding mRNAs, leading to posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). The current consensus is that siRNA-mediated PTGS occurs primarily in the cytoplasm where target mRNAs are localized and translated into proteins. However, expression of an inverted-repeat double-stranded RNA corresponding to the soybean FAD2-1A desaturase intron is sufficient to silence FAD2-1, implicating nuclear precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) rather than cytosolic mRNA as the target of PTGS. Silencing FAD2-1 using intronic or 3′-UTR sequences does not affect transcription rates of the target genes but results in the strong reduction of target transcript levels in the nucleus. Moreover, siRNAs corresponding to pre-mRNA–specific sequences accumulate in the nucleus. In Arabidopsis, we find that two enzymes involved in PTGS, Dicer-like 4 and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6, are localized in the nucleus. Collectively, these results demonstrate that siRNA-directed RNA degradation can take place in the nucleus, suggesting the need for a more complex view of the subcellular compartmentation of PTGS in plants.
Going IT Alone: The Experienced IT Worker as Integrator of Business and IT Domains of Knowledge

Though the need for user participation to successfully develop information systems is a commonly accepted MIS axiom, empirical studies have failed to consistently establish the benefits of user participation. To resolve this paradox, we reconsider the underlying premise that business knowledge must be provided by business workers. Instead, as IT is embedded in the business, IT workers necessarily learn both domains in the act of work, and the integration of the two can be achieved through experienced IT workers. To examine this proposition, we studied a group of IT workers who implemented an IS in forty-seven sites over a two year period. Through learning curve methods and change-point analysis, we find that the IT workers achieved greater success as their experience increased while concurrently user participation activities decreased. These findings, consistent with the main proposition, suggest a new approach to valuing the IT workers’ contributions.
Tocopherols Modulate Extraplastidic Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Arabidopsis at Low Temperature[W]

Tocopherols (vitamin E) are synthesized in plastids and have long been assumed to have essential functions restricted to these organelles. We previously reported that the vitamin e-deficient2 (vte2) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is defective in transfer cell wall development and photoassimilate transport at low temperature (LT). Here, we demonstrate that LT-treated vte2 has a distinct composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): lower levels of linolenic acid (18:3) and higher levels of linoleic acid (18:2) compared with the wild type. Enhanced 18:3 oxidation was not involved, as indicated by the limited differences in oxidized lipid species between LT-treated vte2 and the wild type and by a lack of impact on the LT-induced vte2 phenotype in a vte2 fad3 fad7 fad8 quadruple mutant deficient in 18:3. PUFA changes in LT-treated vte2 occur primarily in phospholipids due to reduced conversion of dienoic to trienoic fatty acids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathway. Introduction of the ER fatty acid desaturase mutation, fad2, and to a lesser extent the plastidic fad6 mutation into the vte2 background suppressed the LT-induced vte2 phenotypes, including abnormal transfer cell wall development. These results provide biochemical and genetic evidence that plastid-synthesized tocopherols modulate ER PUFA metabolism early in the LT adaptation response of Arabidopsis.
Cluster structures on simple complex Lie groups and the Belavin-Drinfeld classification

We study natural cluster structures in the rings of regular functions on simple complex Lie groups and Poisson-Lie structures compatible with these cluster structures. According to our main conjecture, each class in the Belavin-Drinfeld classification of Poisson-Lie structures on $\G$ corresponds to a cluster structure in $\O(\G)$. We prove a reduction theorem explaining how different parts of the conjecture are related to each other. The conjecture is established for $SL_n$, $n<5$, and for any $\G$ in the case of the standard Poisson-Lie structure.
Temporal Processing Capacity in High-Level Visual Cortex Is Domain Specific

Prevailing hierarchical models propose that temporal processing capacity—the amount of information that a brain region processes in a unit time—decreases at higher stages in the ventral stream regardless of domain. However, it is unknown if temporal processing capacities are domain general or domain specific in human high-level visual cortex. Using a novel fMRI paradigm, we measured temporal capacities of functional regions in high-level visual cortex. Contrary to hierarchical models, our data reveal domain-specific processing capacities as follows: (1) regions processing information from different domains have differential temporal capacities within each stage of the visual hierarchy and (2) domain-specific regions display the same temporal capacity regardless of their position in the processing hierarchy. In general, character-selective regions have the lowest capacity, face- and place-selective regions have an intermediate capacity, and body-selective regions have the highest capacity. Notably, domain-specific temporal processing capacities are not apparent in V1 and have perceptual implications. Behavioral testing revealed that the encoding capacity of body images is higher than that of characters, faces, and places, and there is a correspondence between peak encoding rates and cortical capacities for characters and bodies. The present evidence supports a model in which the natural statistics of temporal information in the visual world may affect domain-specific temporal processing and encoding capacities. These findings suggest that the functional organization of high-level visual cortex may be constrained by temporal characteristics of stimuli in the natural world, and this temporal capacity is a characteristic of domain-specific networks in high-level visual cortex. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Visual stimuli bombard us at different rates every day. For example, words and scenes are typically stationary and vary at slow rates. In contrast, bodies are dynamic and typically change at faster rates. Using a novel fMRI paradigm, we measured temporal processing capacities of functional regions in human high-level visual cortex. Contrary to prevailing theories, we find that different regions have different processing capacities, which have behavioral implications. In general, character-selective regions have the lowest capacity, face- and place-selective regions have an intermediate capacity, and body-selective regions have the highest capacity. These results suggest that temporal processing capacity is a characteristic of domain-specific networks in high-level visual cortex and contributes to the segregation of cortical regions.
Predictors of frequency of condom use and attitudes among sexually active female military personnel in Nigeria

Background Despite awareness of condom efficacy, in protecting against both human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted diseases (HIV/STDs) and unintended pregnancy; some females find it difficult to use or permit condom use consistently because of the power imbalances or other dynamics operating in their relationships with males. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that predict the frequency of condom use and attitudes among sexually active female military personnel in Nigeria. Methods This study used a cross-sectional design in which a total of 346 responses were obtained from consenting female military personnel in two cantonments in Southwestern Nigeria between 2006 and 2008. The study instrument was designed to assess HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge (HAK), HIV risk behaviors (HRB), alcohol and drug use, condom attitudes and barriers (CAS) condom use self-efficacy (CUS) and social support to condom use (SSC). The sociodemographic characteristics of participants were also captured. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used for modeling the predictors of condom use. Results The results showed that 63% of the respondents reported using condoms always, 26% sometimes used condoms and 11% never used condoms during a sexual encounter in the past three months. Univariate analysis revealed that significant associations existed between CAB (P < 0.05), HRB (P < 0.01) and SSC (P < 0.01) with the frequency of condom use. The following sociodemographic variables: age, marital status, number of children, employment status and type of sexual relationship were also significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with consistent condom use in the study group. Multivariate analysis indicated that marital status, type of relationship and CAB were the only significant predictors (r2 = 0.37; P ≤ 0.05) of condom use behaviors after adjusting for all other factors in the model. Conclusions Findings indicate that consistent condom use could be enhanced through gender-specific intervention programs that incorporate the predictor variables identified. These are likely to be successful in decreasing sexual risk behaviors in the subpopulation.
Maximizing Local PV Utilization Using Small-Scale Batteries and Flexible Thermal Loads

High PV utilization ratios in buildings, i.e. the consumption of most of the PV energy within the building premises, can reduce the energy losses in distribution networks, and mitigate overvoltages and transformer overloadings. For this reason, some countries have adopted, or are discussing, regulatory instruments to motivate local utilization of PV energy. In this paper, we investigate the potential of maximizing the PV utilization ratio using small-scale batteries and flexible thermal loads. We propose four rule-based control algorithms for batteries and heat pumps, and calculate the building energy flows and PV self-consumption ratios on an annual basis using the commercial software Polysun. Based on the results, we provide insights on the potential of thermal and battery storage for PV self-consumption maximization and indicate synergies among them. Also, we identify the battery capacities that maximize the savings over the investment lifetime for different combinations of battery capital costs and PV feed-in tariffs (FITs). The results show that maximizing PV self-consumption can be an interesting business case due to the decreasing trends in battery costs and FITs.
Programming and reasoning with algebraic effects and dependent types

One often cited benefit of pure functional programming is that pure code is easier to test and reason about, both formally and informally. However, real programs have side-effects including state management, exceptions and interactions with the outside world. Haskell solves this problem using monads to capture details of possibly side-effecting computations --- it provides monads for capturing state, I/O, exceptions, non-determinism, libraries for practical purposes such as CGI and parsing, and many others, as well as monad transformers for combining multiple effects. Unfortunately, useful as monads are, they do not compose very well. Monad transformers can quickly become unwieldy when there are lots of effects to manage, leading to a temptation in larger programs to combine everything into one coarse-grained state and exception monad. In this paper I describe an alternative approach based on handling algebraic effects, implemented in the IDRIS programming language. I show how to describe side effecting computations, how to write programs which compose multiple fine-grained effects, and how, using dependent types, we can use this approach to reason about states in effectful programs.
Density Functional Theory of Polymer Structure and Conformations

We present a density functional approach to quantitatively evaluate the microscopic conformations of polymer chains with consideration of the effects of chain stiffness, polymer concentration, and short chain molecules. For polystyrene (PS), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) melts with low-polymerization degree, as chain length increases, they display different stretching ratios and show non-universal scaling exponents due to their different chain stiffnesses. In good solvent, increase of PS concentration induces the decline of gyration radius. For PS blends containing short (m1=1−100) and long (m=100) chains, the expansion of long chains becomes unobvious once m1 is larger than 40, which is also different to the scaling properties of ideal chain blends.
The place of antibiotics in management of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disease with an obscure pathophysiology. Current treatments for IBS have modest efficacy at best and the need for a robust therapy for IBS remains unmet. As small intestinal bacterial overgrowth has been proposed to be involved in pathogenesis of IBS, antibacterial agents might be efficacious in treatment of this condition. Material and methods PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for studies comparing the efficacy of antibiotics in the management of IBS and/or IBS type symptoms. Data were collected from 1966 to April 2009. Clinical response was considered as our key outcome of interest. Results Of five trials that evaluated the effect of antibiotics in IBS, two randomized placebo-controlled trials met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. This meta-analysis included 234 patients with IBS-type symptoms of whom 181 met the Rome criteria for IBS. The pooled relative risk (RR) for “clinical response in IBS” was 2.04 (95% confidence interval [CI] of 1.23-3.40, p = 0.0061). The pooled RR for “clinical response in IBS-type symptoms” was 2.06 (95% CI of 1.3-3.27, p = 0.002). Conclusions Although antibiotics have a statistically significant effect on IBS and bloating, given the evidence for the presence of publication bias, methodological variability of the trials and lack of a precise scientific explanation for the role of bacterial overgrowth in the pathophysiology of IBS, use of antibiotics on a regular basis in IBS patients is not recommended.
Forensic Fraud: Evaluating Law Enforcement and Forensic Science Cultures in the Context of Examiner Misconduct

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