Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glancing and Then Looking: On the Role of Body, Affect, and Meaning in Cognitive Control

In humans, there is a trade-off between the need to respond optimally to the salient environmental stimuli and the need to meet our long-term goals. This implies that a system of salience sensitive control exists, which trades task-directed processing off against monitoring and responding to potentially high salience stimuli that are irrelevant to the current task. Much cognitive control research has attempted to understand these mechanisms using non-affective stimuli. However, recent research has emphasized the importance of emotions, which are a major factor in the prioritization of competing stimuli and in directing attention. While relatively mature theories of cognitive control exist for non-affective settings, exactly how emotions modulate cognitive processes is less well understood. The attentional blink (AB) task is a useful experimental paradigm to reveal the dynamics of both cognitive and affective control in humans. Hence, we have developed the glance–look model, which has replicated a broad profile of data on the semantic AB task and characterized how attentional deployment is modulated by emotion. Taking inspiration from Barnard’s Interacting Cognitive Subsystems, the model relies on a distinction between two levels of meaning: implicational and propositional, which are supported by two corresponding mental subsystems: the glance and the look respectively. In our model, these two subsystems reflect the central engine of cognitive control and executive function. In particular, the interaction within the central engine dynamically establishes a task filter for salient stimuli using a neurobiologically inspired learning mechanism. In addition, the somatic contribution of emotional effects is modeled by a body-state subsystem. We argue that stimulus-driven interaction among these three subsystems governs the movement of control between them. The model also predicts attenuation effects and fringe awareness during the AB.
Language Anxiety: From the Classroom to the Community

Foreign language anxiety has been identified as one of the major factors detrimental to foreign language acquisition and delivery. Much research has focused on language anxiety in classroom environments while relatively little has explored language anxiety in daily social situations. With the consistently high number of Taiwanese students studying in English-speaking countries, it is necessary to gain more understanding of English communication issues students encounter in a foreign country. This study examines the underlying constructs of English classroom anxiety and English communication anxiety, and the relationships between language anxiety and selected individual difference variables. The English communication anxiety scale was designed to measure students' English anxiety arising from social interactions. Exploratory factor analyses and multiple regression techniques were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that students' English classroom anxiety primarily falls into two dimensions: communication apprehension and fear of negative evaluation. Students' English communication anxiety falls into three dimensions: social-communication anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and anxiety in cross-cultural interactions. The results also reveal that self-perceived English oral proficiency is the most significant predictor of both types of anxiety. Finally, pedagogical implications and recommendations are discussed.
The Bing-Borsuk and the Busemann conjectures ∗

We present two classical conjectures concerning the characterization of manifolds: the Bing Borsuk conjecture asserts that every n-dimensional homogeneous ANR is a topological n-manifold,whe- reas the Busemann conjecture asserts that every n-dimensional G-space is a topological n-manifold. The key object in both cases are so-called generalized manifolds,i.e. ENR homology manifolds. We look at the history from the early beginnings to the present day. We also list several open problems and related conjectures.
Correlation between clinical presentation and urodynamic findings in women attending urogynecology clinic

Introduction: Urodynamic studies objectively observe lower urinary tract function and dysfunction so that an appropriate treatment can be planned. In the present study, we tried to evaluate the role of urodynamic studies in the final diagnosis and management plan in patients attending an urogynecology clinic. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted in an urogynecology clinic. 202 women were included. After detailed history, pelvic examination and introital sonography these women were subjected to urodynamic study. During the filling cystometry detrusor activity, first desire to void and bladder capacity was recorded. This was followed by urethral pressure measurements, when functional urethral length, maximum urethral closure pressure and stress urethral pressure profile was recorded. Results: Most prevalent complaint was mixed urinary incontinence (33.17%), followed by stress incontinence (31.68%) and urge incontinence (13.37%). According to the standard urodynamic definition 66.33% were normal in the population studied. None of the urodynamic parameters individually or in combination were found to be very useful for establishing a diagnosis. Conclusion: Establishment of the final diagnosis of urinary incontinence and planning of management should be based on detailed history, physical examination, bladder diaries, and careful interpretation of urodynamic data. Urodynamic study; however, doesn’t seem to be imperative to establish a diagnosis in uncomplicated cases where symptoms and signs are reliable and correlating.
Going Beyond Information Given: How Approach Versus Avoidance Cues Influence Access to Higher Order Information

Three experiments examine the hypothesis that subtle cues of approach orientation facilitate access to higher order information, whereas subtle cues of avoidance orientation impede it. To test these predictions, in two studies, a backward-masking paradigm thought to measure access to higher order information at early perceptual stages was used, and arm positions of arm flexion versus arm extension were unobtrusively manipulated to induce interoceptive approach or avoidance situations. In a third study, using a procedural priming paradigm, exteroceptive cues associated with benign versus danger situations were manipulated and metaphor understanding served as a dependent variable. As predicted, although the diverse manipulations did not elicit different mood states, interoceptive and exteroceptive approach cues enhanced going beyond the information given, whereas avoidance cues impaired it. Implications are discussed.
Constrict in the School Context: The Impact of Ethnic School Diversity on the Quantity and Quality of Friendships

Constrict theory states that, in the short run, ethnic diversity in any context lowers both the quantity and the quality of interpersonal contacts. We test this theory in the school context, expecting that ethnic school diversity yields fewer and lower quality friendships. Moreover, we investigate whether the associations hold when controlling for the school's socioeconomic situation, and whether the relations between ethnic school diversity and the social outcomes differ between natives and immigrants. Multilevel analyses on data from the Flemish Educational Assessment, consisting of 10,546 natives and 1,324 immigrants in 85 secondary schools, show that ethnic diversity yields fewer friendships and a lower attachment to friends. However, this appears to be due to the schools' socioeconomic composition. For immigrants, moreover, a higher ethnic diversity yields more friendships and a higher attachment to friends. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Analysis of the impact of students' perceptions of parental involvement, teacher warmth, teacher practices, and motivation on selected school outcomes

EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP EGBUNA, MAUREEN C. LLB. UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, 1985 MSW. CLARK ATLANTA UNIVERSITY, 2000 AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT, TEACHER WARMTH, TEACHER PRACTICES, AND MOTIVATION ON SELECTED SCHOOL OUTCOMES Advisor: Dr. Trevor Turner Dissertation dated December 2008 The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of students’ perceptions of parental involvement, teacher warmth, teacher practices, and motivation on selected school outcomes such as student academic achievement, student behavior and student attendance. The study participants are 150 fourth grade students attending a selected elementary school. The design of this study is ex post facto research design. The data for this study was collected using a self administered questionnaire. The four statistical tests performed and analyzed are: Pearson Correlation, Ttest, Factor analysis, and Regression analysis. The results of the Pearson Correlation indicate a significant relationship at the . 05 level between student academic achievement (dependent variable) and the four independent variables: perceived parental involvement, teacher warmth, teacher practices, and motivation. There is a
Intravenous Application of a Primary Sevoflurane Metabolite Improves Outcome in Murine Septic Peritonitis: First Results

Volatile anesthetics are known to have immunomodulatory effects in conditions of organ injury. A recent study in an experimental sepsis model has shown remarkably improved survival when mice were exposed to volatile anesthetics. In the present study, we show that hexafluoroisopropanol – a water-soluble primary sevoflurane metabolite – has beneficial effects on the overall survival in a murine model of cecal ligation and puncture. Seven-day survival as well as tissue damage markers including transaminases and high mobility group box protein-1 were assessed as measures of end organ damage. In animals undergoing cecal ligation and puncture procedure hexafluoroisopropanol conditioning - but not late postconditioning 24 hours after sepsis induction - significantly increased survival rate (17% vs. 77%, p = 0.037) and attenuated secretion of organ damage markers. This study shows survival benefits by administration of the metabolite of a volatile anesthetic. If successfully translated, hexafluoroisopropanol might offer interesting therapeutic opportunities in the future treatment of abdominal sepsis.
HHP1, a novel signalling component in the cross-talk between the cold and osmotic signalling pathways in Arabidopsis

Heptahelical protein 1 (HHP1) is a negative regulator in abscisic acid (ABA) and osmotic signalling in Arabidopsis. The physiological role of HHP1 was further investigated in this study using transgenic and knock-out plants. In HHP1::GUS transgenic mutants, GUS activity was found to be mainly expressed in the roots, vasculature, stomata, hydathodes, adhesion zones, and connection sites between septa and seeds, regions in which the regulation of turgor pressure is crucial. By measuring transpiration rate and stomatal closure, it was shown that the guard cells in the hhp1-1 mutant had a decreased sensitivity to drought and ABA stress compared with the WT or the c-hhp1-1 mutant, a complementation mutant of HHP1 expressing the HHP1 gene. The N-terminal fragment (amino acids 1–96) of HHP1 was found to interact with the transcription factor inducer of CBF expression-1 (ICE1) in yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) studies. The hhp1-1 mutant grown in soil showed hypersensitivity to cold stress with limited watering. The expression of two ICE1-regulated genes (CBF3 and MYB15) and several other cold stress-responsive genes (RD29A, KIN1, COR15A, and COR47) was less sensitive to cold stress in the hhp1-1 mutant than in the WT. These data suggest that HHP1 may function in the cross-talk between cold and osmotic signalling.
THE CELLULAR, METABOLIC, AND SYSTEMIC CONSEQUENCES OF AGGRESSIVE FLUID RESUSCITATION STRATEGIES

ABSTRACT Increasing evidence has demonstrated that aggressive crystalloid-based resuscitation strategies are associated with cardiac and pulmonary complications, gastrointestinal dysmotility, coagulation disturbances, and immunological and inflammatory mediator dysfunction. As large volumes of fluids are administered, imbalances in intracellular and extracellular osmolarity occur. Disturbances in cell volume disrupt numerous regulatory mechanisms responsible for keeping the inflammatory cascade under control. Several authors have demonstrated the detrimental effects of large, crystalloid-based resuscitation strategies on pulmonary complications in specific surgical populations. Additionally, fluid-restrictive strategies have been associated with a decreased frequency of and shorter time to recovery from acute respiratory distress syndrome and trends toward shorter lengths of stay and lower mortality. Early resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock with predominately saline-based regimens has been associated with cardiac dysfunction and lower cardiac output, as well as higher mortality. Numerous investigators have evaluated potential risk factors for developing abdominal compartment syndrome and have universally noted the excessive use of crystalloids as the primary determinant. Resuscitation regimens that cause early increases in blood flow and pressure may result in greater hemorrhage and mortality than those regimens that yield comparable flow and pressure increases late in resuscitation. Future resuscitation research is likely to focus on improvements in fluid composition and adjuncts to administration of large volume of fluid.
Evaluation of Slime-Producing Bacteria in Oil Field Core Flood Experiments

Epifluorescence microscopy and carbohydrate determinations indicated that the decrease in permeability of oil reservoir sand to reclaimed sewage water was partially the result of biological plugging. Filtration and biocide addition studies demonstrated that the increase in bacterial densities and slime concentrations in flooded oil field cores appeared to be due to both deposition from the reclaimed water and in situ microbial growth and slime production. Although these biological components increased throughout the cores during flooding, the region where the water entered the core exhibited the highest cell densities and slime concentrations. The approach described in this report should be useful in predicting the potential of a water source to induce biological plugging of oil reservoir sand.
Thiol Oxidative Stress Induced by Metabolic Disorders Amplifies Macrophage Chemotactic Responses and Accelerates Atherogenesis and Kidney Injury in LDL Receptor–Deficient Mice

Background—Strengthening the macrophage glutathione redox buffer reduces macrophage content and decreases the severity of atherosclerotic lesions in LDL receptor–deficient (LDLR−/−) mice, but the underlying mechanisms were not clear. This study examined the effect of metabolic stress on the thiol redox state, chemotactic activity in vivo, and the recruitment of macrophages into atherosclerotic lesions and kidneys of LDL-R−/− mice in response to mild, moderate, and severe metabolic stress. Methods and Results—Reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels in peritoneal macrophages isolated from mildly, moderately, and severe metabolically-stressed LDL-R−/− mice were measured by HPLC, and the glutathione reduction potential (Eh) was calculated. Macrophage Eh correlated with the macrophage content in both atherosclerotic (r2=0.346, P=0.004) and renal lesions (r2=0.480, P=0.001) in these mice as well as the extent of both atherosclerosis (r2=0.414, P=0.001) and kidney injury (r2=0.480, P=0.001). Compared to LDL-R−/− mice exposed to mild metabolic stress, macrophage recruitment into MCP-1–loaded Matrigel plugs injected into LDL-R−/− mice increased 2.6-fold in moderately metabolically-stressed mice and 9.8-fold in severely metabolically-stressed mice. The macrophage Eh was a strong predictor of macrophage chemotaxis (r2=0.554, P<0.001). Conclusion—Thiol oxidative stress enhances macrophage recruitment into vascular and renal lesions by increasing the responsiveness of macrophages to chemoattractants. This novel mechanism contributes at least in part to accelerated atherosclerosis and kidney injury associated with dyslipidemia and diabetes in mice.
Strategies for avoiding text fixture smells during software evolution

An important challenge in creating automated tests is how to design test fixtures, i.e., the setup code that initializes the system under test before actual automated testing can start. Test designers have to choose between different approaches for the setup, trading off maintenance overhead with slow test execution. Over time, test code quality can erode and test smells can develop, such as the occurrence of overly general fixtures, obscure inline code and dead fields. In this paper, we investigate how fixture-related test smells evolve over time by analyzing several thousand revisions of five open source systems. Our findings indicate that setup management strategies strongly influence the types of test fixture smells that emerge in code, and that several types of fixture smells often emerge at the same time. Based on this information, we recommend important guidelines for setup strategies, and suggest how tool support can be improved to help in both avoiding the emergence of such smells as well as how to refactor code when test smells do appear.
On-line capacitance and dissipation factor monitoring of AC stator insulation

A new on-line technique for monitoring the insulation condition of ac motor and generator stator windings is proposed. The approach uses a newly developed High-Sensitivity Current Transformer (HSCT) to precisely and non-invasively measure the differential current (e.g., the insulation current) of each phase winding from the motor junction box. Conventional differential current transformers (CT) used for fault protection can be replaced with the new HSCT to measure the winding insulation current with higher sensitivity and accuracy. The HSCT can serve both motor health monitoring and motor protection functions. Presently, indicators for insulation condition such as capacitance (C), dissipation factor (DF), or insulation power factor (PF) are only obtainable off-line. The new approach can provide a low-cost solution for on-line motor insulation condition assessment. Validation of the new HSCT technology was carried out during an accelerated life testing of a 460 V, 100 HP, 1200 RPM form wound induction motor. The motor discussed in this paper was aged at high temperature (255 °C) as the load cycled between 0 % and 200 % every 5 minutes. Although this highly accelerated life test does not represent how a motor ages in service under real operating conditions precisely, the principal goal was to prove the capability of the new HSCT to accurately detect the insulation current and quantitatively monitor motor insulation gradual aging and health. On-line data from the HSCT correlated well with off-line data from a commercial capacitance and DF bridge. It is hoped that the benefits of the on-line motor health monitoring are fully realized and the method extended to other electrical assets as well.
MODEL HUKUMAN DALAM UPAYA MEMBENTUK KEDISIPLINAN SISWA DI MADRASAH SALAFIYAH III (MASAGA) KRAPYAK YOGYAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui macam-macam hukuman, penerapan hukuman, dan kedisiplinan siswa setelah diberikannya hukuman. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangan bagi lembaga tesebut dalam pembentukan kedisiplinan siswa. Penelitian ini ditujukan kepada siswa pelajar, Madrasah Salafiyah III Krapyak Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dengan mengambil latar Madrasah Salafiyah III Krapyak Yogyakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan pola berfikir induktif. Tujuannya yaitu untuk menganalisa data yang diperoleh dari objek lapangan, kemudian dihubungkan dengan teori yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : 1) macam-macam hukuman yang diterapkan di Madrasah Salafiyah III Krapyak Yogyakarta, yaitu bersifat hukuman represif karena jatuhnya hukuman setelah anak melakukan pelanggaran, bersifat normatif karena hukuman yang diterapkan mempunyai tujuan memperbaiki moral-moral siswa, bersifat logis yang mana hukuman diberikan adalah akibat yang logis dari perbuatan yang tidak baik, dan bersifat hukuman mental karena hukuman yang diberikan tidak langsung berhubungan dengan fisik, serta bersifat pendidikan karena sesuai dengan teori perbaikan yang diberikan agar tidak mengulangi pelanggaran dan memperbaiki apa yang telah diperbuat. 2) penerapan hukuman di Madrasah Salafiyah III. Dari penerapan jenis hukuman ini menunjukkan pembentukan sikap siswa dalam menjalankan tata-tertib dan peraturan yang telah diterapkan. 3) Kedisiplinan Siswa menjadi lebih baik dengan diterapkannya hukuman sebagai sanksi atas pelanggaran yang dilakukan siswa.
Epstein-Barr Virus in Lymphoproliferative Processes: An Update for the Diagnostic Pathologist

The Epstein-Barr virus is an orally transmitted herpesvirus that is widespread in human populations and exhibits marked B-cell tropism. It is associated with more human neoplasms than any other known virus, and its role in the pathogenesis of such neoplasms has been the subject of intense investigation. This review presents an overview and update of the biology of Epstein-Barr virus and the diagnostic features of lymphoproliferative disorders associated with this intriguing human pathogen.
The promoter context is a decisive factor in establishing selective responsiveness to nuclear class II receptors

The vigorous retinoic acid (RA)‐dependent activation of the retinoic acid receptor β2 (RARβ2) gene in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells is mediated by retinoid receptor heterodimers (RXR–RAR) binding to RAREs that are closely positioned to the TATA box and an EC cell‐specific co‐factor activity termed E1A‐LA. Using a series of direct repeat (DR) elements, we now show that positioning RXR–RAR in close proximity to the basal transcription machinery assembled on the TATA box is decisive in RA responsiveness in EC cells. Notably, a DR1 element functions predominantly as an RAR‐responsive element when placed in the context of the RARβ2 promoter. Moreover, DR3 and DR4 elements which mediate vitamin D3 and thyroid hormone responses, respectively, in other contexts, are converted to exclusive RAR response elements when placed in the RARβ2 promoter and EC cell context. In differentiated cells, the adenovirus E1A(13S) protein is required to achieve high level RA activation through all of the different DR elements placed in the RARβ2 context, suggesting that the molecular bridging function of E1A‐LA [E1A(13S)] is essential to redefining response element specificity. Finally, we show that the arrangement of cis‐acting elements as present in the RARβ2 promoter is not crucial, but rather the close positioning of the RAREs to the TATA. We conclude that the identity of a given cis‐acting element is defined not only by its affinity for the transactivator, but also by the context in which it is placed, as well as the cell type in which the transactivator is expressed.