Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Auxin modulates the transition from the mitotic cycle to the endocycle in Arabidopsis

Amplification of genomic DNA by endoreduplication often marks the initiation of cell differentiation in animals and plants. The transition from mitotic cycles to endocycles should be developmentally programmed but how this process is regulated remains largely unknown. We show that the plant growth regulator auxin modulates the switch from mitotic cycles to endocycles in Arabidopsis; high levels of TIR1-AUX/IAA-ARF-dependent auxin signalling are required to repress endocycles, thus maintaining cells in mitotic cycles. By contrast, lower levels of TIR1-AUX/IAA-ARF-dependent auxin signalling trigger an exit from mitotic cycles and an entry into endocycles. Our data further demonstrate that this auxin-mediated modulation of the mitotic-to-endocycle switch is tightly coupled with the developmental transition from cell proliferation to cell differentiation in the Arabidopsis root meristem. The transient reduction of auxin signalling by an auxin antagonist PEO-IAA rapidly downregulates the expression of several core cell cycle genes, and we show that overexpressing one of the genes, CYCLIN A2;3 (CYCA2;3), partially suppresses an early initiation of cell differentiation induced by PEO-IAA. Taken together, these results suggest that auxin-mediated mitotic-to-endocycle transition might be part of the developmental programmes that balance cell proliferation and cell differentiation in the Arabidopsis root meristem.
Energy Consumption Reduction with DVFS for Message Passing Iterative Applications on Heterogeneous Architectures

Computing platforms are consuming more and more energy due to the increasing number of nodes composing them. To minimize the operating costs of these platforms many techniques have been used. Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is one of them. It reduces the frequency of a CPU to lower its energy consumption. However, lowering the frequency of a CPU may increase the execution time of an application running on that processor. Therefore, the frequency that gives the best trade-off between the energy consumption and the performance of an application must be selected. In this paper, a new online frequency selecting algorithm for heterogeneous platforms (heterogeneous CPUs) is presented. It selects the frequencies and tries to give the best trade-off between energy saving and performance degradation, for each node computing the message passing iterative application. The algorithm has a small overhead and works without training or profiling. It uses a new energy model for message passing iterative applications running on a heterogeneous platform. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on the SimGrid simulator while running the NAS parallel benchmarks. The experiments show that it reduces the energy consumption by up to 34% while limiting the performance degradation as much as possible. Finally, the algorithm is compared to an existing method, the comparison results show that it outperforms the latter, on average it saves 4% more energy while keeping the same performance.
From War to Classroom: PTSD and Depression in Formerly Abducted Youth in Uganda

Background: Trained local screeners assessed the mental-health status of male and female students in Northern Ugandan schools. The study aimed to disclose potential differences in mental health-related impairment in two groups, former child soldiers (n = 354) and other war-affected youth (n = 489), as well as to separate factors predicting mental suffering in learners. Methods: Participants were randomly selected. We used the Post-Traumatic Diagnostic Scale to assess symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and for potential depression the respective section of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist with a locally validated cut-off. Results: Almost all respondents had been displaced at least once in their life. 30% of girls and 50% of the boys in the study reported past abduction history. Trauma exposure was notably higher in the group of abductees. In former child soldiers, a PTSD rate of 32% was remarkably higher than that for non-abductees (12%). Especially in girls rates of potential depression were double those in the group of former abductees (17%) than in the group of non-abductees (8%). In all groups, trauma exposure increased the risk of developing PTSD. A path-analytic model for developing PTSD and potential depression revealed both previous trauma exposure as well as duration of abduction to have significant influences on trauma-related mental suffering. Findings also suggest that in Northern Ugandan schools trauma spectrum disorders are common among war-affected learners. Conclusions: Therefore, it is suggested the school context should be used to provide mental-health support structures within the education system for war-affected youth at likely risk of developing war-related mental distress.
A computational framework and SIMD algorithms for low-level support of intermediate level vision processing

The authors propose an additional level of parallelism, called multi-associativity, as a framework for simultaneously performing associative computation on data sets mapped to irregular, non-uniform, aggregates of processing elements (PEs). They introduce algorithms developed for the CAAPP to simulate efficiently within aggregates of PEs simultaneously the associative algorithms typically supported in hardware at the array level. Some of the results are: the efficient application of existing associative algorithms to arbitrary aggregates of PEs in parallel and the development of multi-associative algorithms, among them parallel prefix and convex hull. The multi-associative framework also extends the associative paradigm by allowing operation on and among aggregates themselves, operations not defined when the entity in question is always an entire array. <<ETX>>
Individual Differences in Emotional Creativity as Manifested in Words and Pictures.

Two studies were conducted to demonstrate the viability of emotional creativity as a theoretical construct. Participants were selected on the basis of their scores on a self-report inventory designed to measure individual differences in emotional creativity. In Study 1, participants wrote narratives about emotionally challenging events and drew pictures of specific emotions. In Study 2, participants completed a story about an emotionally ambiguous situation and made collages integrating three incompatible emotions. In each study, participants who scored higher on the trait measure of emotional creativity showed greater creativity in expressing emotions, both verbally and nonverbally.
AffinDB: a freely accessible database of affinities for protein–ligand complexes from the PDB

AffinDB is a database of affinity data for structurally resolved protein–ligand complexes from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). It is freely accessible at . Affinity data are collected from the scientific literature, both from primary sources describing the original experimental work of affinity determination and from secondary references which report affinity values determined by others. AffinDB currently contains over 730 affinity entries covering more than 450 different protein–ligand complexes. Besides the affinity value, PDB summary information and additional data are provided, including the experimental conditions of the affinity measurement (if available in the corresponding reference); 2D drawing, SMILES code and molecular weight of the ligand; links to other databases, and bibliographic information. AffinDB can be queried by PDB code or by any combination of affinity range, temperature and pH value of the measurement, ligand molecular weight, and publication data (author, journal and year). Search results can be saved as tabular reports in text files. The database is supposed to be a valuable resource for researchers interested in biomolecular recognition and the development of tools for correlating structural data with affinities, as needed, for example, in structure-based drug design.
Epidemiology, clinical-treatment patterns and outcome in 256 hepatocellular carcinoma cases.

AIM To analyze the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. METHODS We analyzed clinical, pathological and therapeutic data from 256 consecutive patients, examined at S. Croce Hospital in Cuneo-Piedmont, with a diagnosis of HCC between 30(th) June 2000 and 1(st) July 2010. We analyzed the hospital imaging database and examined all medical records, including the diagnosis code for HCC (155.0 according to the ICD-9M classification system), both for inpatients and outpatients, and discovered 576 relevant clinical records. After the exclusion of reports relating to multiple admissions for the same patient, we identified 282 HCC patients. Moreover, from this HCC series, we excluded 26 patients: 1 patient because of an alternative final diagnosis, 8 patients because of a lack of complete clinical data in the medical record and 17 patients because they were admitted to different health care facilities, leaving 256 HCC patients. To highlight possible changes in HCC patterns over the ten-year period, we split the population into two five-year groups, according to the diagnosis period: 30(th) June 2000-30(th) June 2005 and 1(st) July 2005-1(st) July 2010. Patients underwent a 6-mo follow up. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty-six HCC patients were included (male/female 182/74; mean age 70 years), 133 in the first period and 123 in the second. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was the most common HCC risk factor (54.1% in the first period, 50.4% in the second; P = 0.63); in the first period, 21.8% of patients were alcoholics and 15.5% were alcoholics in the second period (P > 0.05); the non-viral/non-alcoholic etiology rate was 3.7% in the first period and 20.3% in the second period (P < 0.001). Child class A patients increased significantly in the second period (P < 0.001). Adjusting for age, gender and etiology, there was a significant increase in HCC surveillance during the second period (P = 0.01). Differences between the two periods were seen in tumor parameters: there was an increase in the number of unifocal HCC patients, from 53 to 69 (P = 0.01), as well as an increase in the number of cases where the HCC was < 3 cm [from 22 to 37 (P = 0.01)]. The combined incidence of stage Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer 0 (very-early) and A (early) HCC was 46 (34.6%) between 2000-2005, increasing to 62 (50.4%) between 2005-2010 (P = 0.01). Of the patients, 62.4% underwent specific treatment in the first group, which increased to 90.2% in the second group (P < 0.001). Diagnosis period (P < 0.01), Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer stage (P < 0.01) and treatment per se (P < 0.05) were predictors of better prognosis; surveillance was not related to survival (P = 0.20). CONCLUSION This study showed that, between 2000-2005 and 2005-2010, the number of HCV-related HCC decreased, non-viral/non alcoholic etiologies increased and of surveillance programs were more frequently applied.
Employee Deviance as a Response to Injustice and Task-Related Discontent

The aim of this study was to examine employee satisfaction with tasks as a mediator in the relation between procedural justice and deviant workplace behavior directed at the organization as a whole. Because organizational procedures are the methods customarily used by employees in handling their activities and by human resources managers in determining job descriptions, when organizational procedures are unfairly implemented the author suggests that they encourage employee discontent with work tasks. In turn, this task dissatisfaction leads employees to engage in deviant workplace behavior directed at the organization. Results of structural equations modeling used to test direct and indirect relations among the variables indicate that procedural justice (a) positively influenced task satisfaction and (b) had a negative influence on deviant workplace behavior directed at the organization through its effect on employee task satisfaction. The author concludes by discussing human resources managerial implicat.
Employee Green Behavior

We propose a conceptual model based on person–environment interaction, job performance, and motivational theories to structure a multilevel review of the employee green behavior (EGB) literature and agenda for future research. We differentiate between required EGB prescribed by the organization and voluntary EGB performed at the employees’ discretion. The review investigates institutional-, organizational-, leader-, team-, and employee-level antecedents and outcomes of EGB and factors that mediate and moderate these relationships. We offer suggestions to facilitate the development of the field, and call for future research to adopt a multilevel perspective and to investigate the outcomes of EGB.
Competition and Cooperation Between Multiple Reinforcement Learning Systems

As you leave work each day, how do you choose a route home? Prominent dual-system accounts posit two distinct cognitive systems that solve this task in different ways (Balleine & O’Doherty, 2009; Dickinson, 1985; Fudenberg & Levine, 2006; Kahneman, 1973; Sloman, 1996). On the one hand, you could decide your route home by relying on habit. Since you have successfully taken one particular route to your house many times, this route has been ingrained into your motor system and can be executed quickly and automatically. Habits are useful because they make often-repeated behavior efficient and automatized; however, they are also inflexible and therefore more likely to produce errors. For example, consider the case where your significant other asked you to buy some toilet paper on your way back home. In this case, it would be better to suppress the habitual route and engage in goal-directed control. This involves the recall of the alternate goal (picking up toilet paper), and planning a new route that goes past the convenience store, using an internal model (“cognitive map”) of the environment. Goal-directed planning is useful because it is more flexible and consequently more accurate than relying on habit. However, it also carries significant computational costs (Gershman & Daw, 2012). These two systems are typically theorized as competitors, vying for control of behavior. A major goal of modern decision research is understanding how control is allocated between the two systems. We will attempt to summarize and extend this line of research. Yet, the two systems may also interact cooperatively. For example, you might learn a habit to check traffic reports before you leave work because this facilitates planning an optimal route. Moreover, the act of “checking” could involve elements of goaldirected planningdfor instance, searching for radio stationsdeven if initiated out of habit. These illustrate just two forms of cooperation: habitual actions can support effective goal pursuit and even drive the selection of goals themselves. Until recently, the computational principles underlying the competition and cooperation between habitual and goal-directed systems were poorly understood. Armed with a new set of sequential decision tasks, researchers are now able to track habitual
Clathrin Adaptor AP-2 Is Essential for Early Embryonal Development

ABSTRACT The heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP) complexes AP-1, AP-2, AP-3, and AP-4 play key roles in transport vesicle formation and cargo sorting in post-Golgi trafficking pathways. Studies on cultured mammalian cells have shown that AP-2 mediates rapid endocytosis of a subset of plasma membrane receptors. To determine whether this function is essential in the context of a whole mammalian organism, we carried out targeted disruption of the gene encoding the μ2 subunit of AP-2 in the mouse. We found that μ2 heterozygous mutant mice were viable and had an apparently normal phenotype. In contrast, no μ2 homozygous mutant embryos were identified among blastocysts from intercrossed heterozygotes, indicating that μ2-deficient embryos die before day 3.5 postcoitus (E3.5). These results indicate that AP-2 is indispensable for early embryonic development, which might be due to its requirement for cell viability.
Prevalence , correlates , comorbidity , and comparative disability of DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in the USA : results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Background. This study addressed the prevalences, correlates, co-morbidity and disability of DSMIV generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and other psychiatric disorders in a large national survey of the general population, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism’s (NIAAA) National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). The study presents nationally representative data, for the first time, on prevalence, correlates, co-morbidity, and comparative disability of DSM-IV GAD. Method. Data are taken from a large (n=43093) representative sample of the adult USA population. Results. Prevalences of 12-month and lifetime GAD were 2.1% and 4.1%. Being female, middleaged, widowed/separated/divorced, and low income increased risk, while being Asian, Hispanic, or Black decreased risk. GAD was highly co-morbid with substance use, and other anxiety, mood, and personality disorders. Co-morbidity in GAD was not substantially greater than for most other Axis I and II disorders. Disability and impairment in pure GAD were equivalent to pure mood disorders, but significantly greater than in pure substance use, and other anxiety and personality disorders. Individuals co-morbid for GAD and each mood disorder were more disabled than those with pure forms of GAD or each mood disorder. When co-morbid with GAD, nicotine dependence and other anxiety and personality disorders were not associated with increased disability over that associated with pure GAD, but GAD did show increased disability over that due to each of these disorders in pure form. Conclusions. Associations between GAD and Axis I and II disorders were strong and significant, with variation among specific disorders. Results strongly support GAD as an independent disorder with significant impairment and disability.
Suppression of experimental colitis by intestinal mononuclear phagocytes

The contribution of innate immunity to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains an area of intense interest. Macrophages (MØ) and dendritic cells (DC) are considered important factors in regulating the onset of IBD. The goal of this study was to determine if intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (iMNP) serve a pathological or protective role in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice. Using a conditional MØ/DC depletion transgenic mouse line—MØ Fas‐induced apoptosis—to systemically deplete iMNP, DSS colitis histopathology was shown to be more severe in MØ/DC‐depleted compared with MØ/DC‐intact mice. Similarly, localized iMNP depletion by clodronate‐encapsulated liposomes into C57BL/6, BALB/c, and CB.17/SCID mice also increased DSS colitis severity, as indicated by increased histopathology, weight loss, rectal bleeding, decreased stool consistency, and colon length compared with MØ/DC‐intact, DSS‐treated mice. Histology revealed that iMNP depletion during DSS treatment led to increased neutrophilic inflammation, increased epithelial injury, and enhanced mucin depletion from Goblet cells. iMNP depletion did not further elevate DSS‐induced expression of TNF‐α and IFN‐γ mRNA but significantly increased expression of CXCL1 chemokine mRNA. Myeloperoxidase activity was increased in colons of MØ/DC‐depleted, DSS‐treated mice, compared with DSS alone, coincident with increased neutrophil infiltration in diseased colons. Neutrophil depletion combined with MØ/DC depletion prevented the increase in DSS colitis severity compared with MØ/DC depletion alone. This study demonstrates that iMNP can serve a protective role during development of acute colitis and that protection is associated with MØ/DC‐mediated down‐regulation of neutrophil infiltration.
Early-onset psychosis in youth with intellectual disability.

BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of psychotic disorders may be very difficult in youth with intellectual disabilities. METHOD The authors reviewed the assessment, treatment and follow-up of 21 youths with ID referred because of early onset of psychotic symptoms. RESULTS Just over one half of the patients had a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. One third of the sample carried the diagnosis of psychosis NOS (not otherwise specified). After careful review, five out of seven of these psychotic-like cases were assessed as non-psychotic. Patients with Psychosis NOS associated with moderate or severe ID had the worst outcome. CONCLUSION This clinical review provides important information about the identification, diagnosis and outcome of psychotic symptoms in youth with low verbal abilities.
P‐47: 3D Comfort and Fusion Limits: Subjective Results Versus Psychovisual Model Predictions

We define experiments to measure viewer comfort and 3D fusion as a function of 3D depth shift. We analyze the subjective results and find relation between the subjective results and psychovisual models. We relate subjects' viewer comfort with Percival's zone of comfort and subjects' fusion limit with Panum's fusion area.
Adolescent singers and perceptions of vocal identity

The link between voice and self-image is so fundamental it is often overlooked or taken for granted. Yet the knowledge of this relationship has much to teach singing teachers and choral directors in making communication with singers more effective, in choice of repertoire, technical development and rehearsal strategies. This study set out to explore the way adolescent singers think about their voices and express themselves through singing. The results produced a rich diversity of evidence which suggests that vocal change is a fruitful area for exploring in greater depth the relationship between the voice, musical expression and the human psyche.