Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Memory Network for Language Modeling

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) have obtained excellent result in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, understanding and interpreting the source of this success remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose Recurrent Memory Network (RMN), a novel RNN architecture, that not only amplifies the power of RNN but also facilitates our understanding of its internal functioning and allows us to discover underlying patterns in data. We demonstrate the power of RMN on language modeling and sentence completion tasks. On language modeling, RMN outperforms Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network on three large German, Italian, and English dataset. Additionally we perform in-depth analysis of various linguistic dimensions that RMN captures. On Sentence Completion Challenge, for which it is essential to capture sentence coherence, our RMN obtains 69.2% accuracy, surpassing the previous state-of-the-art by a large margin.
Establishing a link between sex-related differences in the structural connectome and behaviour

Recent years have witnessed an increased attention to studies of sex differences, partly because such differences offer important considerations for personalized medicine. While the presence of sex differences in human behaviour is well documented, our knowledge of their anatomical foundations in the brain is still relatively limited. As a natural gateway to fathom the human mind and behaviour, studies concentrating on the human brain network constitute an important segment of the research effort to investigate sex differences. Using a large sample of healthy young individuals, each assessed with diffusion MRI and a computerized neurocognitive battery, we conducted a comprehensive set of experiments examining sex-related differences in the meso-scale structures of the human connectome and elucidated how these differences may relate to sex differences at the level of behaviour. Our results suggest that behavioural sex differences, which indicate complementarity of males and females, are accompanied by related differences in brain structure across development. When using subnetworks that are defined over functional and behavioural domains, we observed increased structural connectivity related to the motor, sensory and executive function subnetworks in males. In females, subnetworks associated with social motivation, attention and memory tasks had higher connectivity. Males showed higher modularity compared to females, with females having higher inter-modular connectivity. Applying multivariate analysis, we showed an increasing separation between males and females in the course of development, not only in behavioural patterns but also in brain structure. We also showed that these behavioural and structural patterns correlate with each other, establishing a reliable link between brain and behaviour.
One-class classification through mutual information minimization

In one-class classification problems, a model is synthesized by using only information coming from the nominal state of the data generating process. Many important applications can be cast in the one-class classification framework, such as anomaly and change in stationarity detection, and fault recognition. In this paper, we present a novel design methodology for one-class classifiers derived from graph-based entropy estimators. The entropic graph is used to generate a partition of the input nominal conditions, which corresponds to the classifier model. Here we propose a criterion based on mutual information minimization to learn such a partition. The α-Jensen difference is considered, which provides a convenient way for estimating the mutual information. The classifier incorporates also a fuzzy model, providing a confidence value for a generic test sample during operational modality, expressed as a membership degree of the sample to the nominal conditions class. The fuzzification mechanism is based only on topological properties of the entropic spanning graph vertices; as such, it allows to model clusters of arbitrary shapes. We show preliminary - yet very promising - results on both synthetic problems and real-world datasets for one-class classification.
Classification of learning outcomes: evidence from the computer games literature

Following up on an earlier issue of The Curriculum Journal (Vol. 16, No. 1), this article focuses on learning outcomes in the context of video games. Learning outcomes are viewed from two theoretical frameworks: Kirkpatrick's levels of evaluation and the CRESST model of learning. These are used to analyse the outcomes claimed in journal articles that report empirical work, indicating the usefulness of the frameworks, and the necessity to consider the role of affective learning. The article ends with some comments on the relationship of instructional design to effective games and learning outcomes.
Arsenic Phosphorus Monolayer: A Promising Candidate for H2S Sensor and NO Degradation With High Sensitivity and Selectivity

The sensing behaviors of arsenic phosphorus (AsP) for nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) are investigated by means of the density functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green’s function method. The calculated adsorption energy and charge transfer of H<sub>2</sub>S molecule on silicon-doped AsP (Si-AsP) are 0.352 eV and 0.106 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${e}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively, indicating the presence of physisorption process. The H<sub>2</sub>S adsorption on aluminum-doped AsP is a chemisorption process with covalent bond formed. Furthermore, the calculated current–voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) relation clearly shows that the substrate with and without H<sub>2</sub>S adsorption exhibits distinct responses. This property indicates that Si-AsP is expected to be the high-performance H<sub>2</sub>S sensor. The chemisorption is also observed in Si-/Al-doped AsP with NO molecule adsorption, suggesting the high potential in the application of NO degradation.
Mindfulness meditation, emotion, and cognitive control: Experienced meditators show distinct brain and behavior responses to emotional provocations

MINDFULNESS MEDITATION, EMOTION, AND COGNITIVE CONTROL: EXPERIENCED MEDITATORS SHOW DISTINCT BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR RESPONSES TO EMOTIONAL PROVOCATIONS Deidre Lynn Reis 2008 Mindfulness meditation (MM) is a process of developing non-judgmental awareness of internal thoughts and feelings. MM is associated with improved cognition and affect in brain and behavior outcomes, but little is known regarding the nature or extent of these relationships. This dissertation is the first investigation into how MM may be related to both affect and cognitive control broadly, with the more narrow aim of characterizing the association between MM expertise (MME) and responses to specific types of affective provocations in behavior and brain outcomes. Three specific goals were to 1) determine if MME is associated with differences in relatively automatic processing of emotionally evocative stimuli, 2) examine whether MME predicts greater activity in brain regions supporting emotion and cognitive control in response to an affective provocation in a social context, and 3) assess whether MME is associated with distinct patterns of brain activity while viewing aversive images. In a between-groups, crosssectional design, participants were expert meditators (1000 or more hours of practice, completion of at least 1 extended retreat, and regular practice at least 3 times per week) and control subjects matched for age, gender, and education. In study 1 (n = 36 meditators, 45 controls), I predicted and found that meditators showed better performance on an attentional blink task in which negatively valenced distractor images typically impair performance. In study 2 (n = 18 meditators, 12 controls), I predicted and found that MME was related to greater activity in the insula and anterior cingulate brain regions that subserve emotion and cognitive control during emotional provocation in a social decision-making task. Finally, in study 3 (n = 18 meditators, 12 controls) I predicted that meditators would show greater neural activation in regions associated with emotion regulation when viewing aversive images; however, this hypothesis was not supported. Results from these cross-sectional studies indicate that experience with MM is associated with distinct reactions to emotional provocations in attention and social decision-making tasks, and have implications for understanding the relationship between MM and emotion regulation.
How International Field Experiences Promote Cross-Cultural Awareness in Preservice Teachers through Experiential Learning: Findings from a Six-Year Collective Case Study

Background/Context The article examines how international field experiences promote cross-cultural awareness in U.S. American preservice teachers through experiential learning. The findings presented here are based on a 6-year study of a short-term study abroad program in Honduras that included an international field experience component and took place from 2003 to 2008. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of the Study This article examines questions that contribute to the field of teacher education and the effort to prepare future teachers for culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms as early as the preservice level. Several questions guide this study: How do international field experiences prepare preservice teachers to teach in diverse settings? How does experiential learning in an international context complicate preservice teachers’ cultural knowledge? What are the pedagogical implications of increased cultural awareness among preservice teachers for classroom practice? How do international field experiences open preservice teachers to future opportunities to explore and work in culturally diverse communities? Participants and Setting The current study presents a study of 49 preservice teachers from a Midwestern university enrolled in a short-term study abroad program to Honduras as part of an international field experience. During this field experience, students were placed in a local elementary or a secondary school, were enrolled in two required courses, visited rural and urban schools, and visited archeological sites. Research Design The qualitative collective case study employed data that included questionnaires, interviews, focus interviews, course assignments, discussions, journal reflections, and researchers’ observations and field notes. Analysis sought to triangulate findings from the multiple data sources for accuracy and reliability when reporting the findings. Conclusions/Recommendations Findings from the study demonstrated that experiential learning in an international setting is key to developing preservice teachers’ cross-cultural awareness. Application of cross-cultural concepts during field experiences provided preservice teachers with theoretical understandings and practical applications for teaching culturally diverse students. Recommendations include international field placements for providing a unique and critical site for promoting cross-cultural awareness through experiential learning; more cross-cultural opportunities for preservice teachers that provoke questioning of conventional teaching and school knowledge; and international field experiences in diverse classrooms that promote preservice teachers’ understanding of themselves and how to teach culturally and linguistically diverse students.
PHOTOCATALYSIS : NEW HIGHLIGHTS FROM JEP 2013 Visible-light driven oxidation of gaseous aliphatic alcohols to the corresponding carbonyls via TiO 2 sensitized by a perylene derivative

Sensitized P25 TiO2 was prepared by wet impregnation with a home-prepared perylene dye, i.e., N,N′-bis(2-(1piperazino)ethyl)-3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic acid diimide dichloride (PZPER). Energy levels of PZPER were found to be compatible with those of TiO2 allowing fast electron transfer. The obtained catalyst has been characterized and used in the gas-phase partial oxidation of aliphatic primary and secondary alcohols, i.e., methanol, ethanol, and 2propanol. The reaction was carried out under cut-off (λ> 400 nm) simulated solar radiation in O2 atmosphere. The perylene derivative allowed a good absorbance of visible radiation thanks to its low optical energy gap (2.6 eV) which was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. The optimal organic sensitizing amount was found to be 5.6 % w/w in terms of yield in carbonyl derivatives. Moreover, no change in reactivity/selectivity was observed after 10-h irradiation thus confirming the catalyst stability. Yields into formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were 67, 70, and 96 %, respectively. No significant amounts of organic byproducts were detected but for methanol oxidation, whereas a minor amount of the substrate degraded to CO2.
Parent-Teen Relationships and Interactions: Far More Positive Than Not. Child Trends Research Brief. Publication # 2004-25.

Overview Everyone recognizes that babies and young children need and love their parents. But what about teens? Even an adolescent’s own parents can despair and wonder how their loving child has apparently become so rejecting. But “apparently” is a crucial word. Research indicates that not only does parenting continue to be important for adolescents, but also that most adolescents themselves continue to report positive relationships and interactions with their parents.
Potential pitfalls when investigating the ergogenic effects of caffeine in mice

Received: February 12, 2017; Accepted: March 02, 2017; Published: March 06, 2017 Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxantine) is the most commonly consumed social drug in western society for increased physical and cognitive performance [1-5], and it is the main ergogenic resource used by athletes [6]. Initially controversial, caffeine was banned by the International Olympic Committee from 1980-2003 [1,6,7], but then in 2004 its use was approved by the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA), and later this year by the U.S. Anti-doping Agency (USADA; 2016). However, caffeine has remained on the lists of monitored substances of these anti-doping agencies.
Impact of Celebrity Endorsement on Children through TV Advertisements

This study is done by researcher to examine the impact of endorsement on children buying behaviour belonging to different segments of the society, including the urban and rural, through TV advertisements creates identification, credibility or attractiveness. TV advertising, including celebrity endorsement, plays a dominant role in shaping children's product preference. Indeed, TV advertising first catch the attention of the children, then create interest in the mind of children about the product seen through the advertisement, then develop a desire to have that product, then children acquire the product by buying it or forcing their parents to buy it. The impact of celebrity endorsement in TV advertisements, level of children understanding of TV ads and making purchase requests for advertised products will be measured through this study. Efforts have been made to determine the effectiveness of various endorsing celebrities in making child believe in product attributes and influencing his/her purchase requests. This also seeks to ascertain why certain celebrities are more popular with the children from different age-groups and sex, both in urban and rural area of Madhya Pradesh. The study seeks to identify the influence of all these enhancement appeals on children's purchase consideration.
A queueing theory description of cascades in financial markets and fat-tailed price returns

In a financial market, it is often changes in the asset price that act as the trigger for transactions or shifts in investment position. For agents with long investment horizons, and under normal market conditions, trades may only occur infrequently, while for other agents, or at times of severe market stress, the timescales involved may be much shorter. We argue that in either case the use of price thresholds to simulate agent behaviour has some important and desirable features. We then demonstrate a very close link between such threshold models and queueing theory, with the largest price changes corresponding to the busy period in a single-server queue. The distribution of this busy period is known to have excess kurtosis and non-exponential decay under various assumptions on the queue parameters. Such an approach may also prove useful in the development of mathematical models for rapid deleveraging in financial markets and the stress-testing of financial institutions. PACS numbers 89.65. Gh 89.75. Da
A Temperature-Sensitive Paralytic Mutant Defines a Primary Synaptic Calcium Channel in Drosophila

Neurotransmission at chemical synapses involves regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic terminal. Neurotransmitter release is thought to be triggered by calcium influx through specific classes of voltage-gated calcium channels. Here we report genetic and functional analysis implicating a specific calcium channel gene product in neurotransmitter release. We have isolated a temperature-sensitive paralytic allele of the Drosophilacalcium channel α1 subunit gene, cacophony(cac). This mutant, referred to ascacTS2, allows functional analysis of synaptic transmission after acute perturbation of a specific α1 subunit. Electrophysiological analysis at neuromuscular synapses revealed that neurotransmitter release incacTS2 is markedly reduced at elevated temperatures, indicating that cac encodes a primary α1 subunit functioning in synaptic transmission. These observations further define the molecular basis of voltage-gated calcium entry at synapses and provide a new starting point for further genetic analysis of synaptic mechanisms.
Subduction zone guided waves and the heterogeneity structure of the subducted plate: Intensity anomalies in northern Japan

[1] The subducting Pacific plate acts an efficient waveguide for high-frequency signals and often produces anomalously large intensity on the eastern seaboard of northern Japan during deep earthquakes. The waveform records in the region of high intensity show a low-frequency (f 2 Hz) later arrivals with a long coda. This behavior is not explained by a simple subduction zone model comprising a high-velocity plate with low attenuation. From the analysis of observed broadband waveforms and numerical simulation of seismic wave propagation in the Pacific subduction zone we demonstrate that the high-frequency guided waves traveling in the subducting plate arise from the scattering of seismic waves by heterogeneity in plate structure. Our preferred model of the heterogeneity has elongated scatterers parallel to the plate margin described by a von Karmann function with a downdip correlation length of about 10 km and much shorter correlation length of about 0.5 km in thickness. The standard deviation of wave speed fluctuations from the averaged background model is about 2%. This new heterogeneous plate model generates significant scattering of seismic waves with wavelengths shorter than correlation distance in thickness, but low-frequency waves, with long wavelengths, can easy tunnel through such lamina structure. The result is frequency-selective propagation characteristics with a faster low-frequency phase followed by large and high-frequency signals with very long coda. A low-wave speed channel effect from the former oceanic crust at the top of the subducting slab is not necessary to explain the observed dispersed signals and the very long high-frequency coda. Three-dimensional simulations, using the Earth simulator supercomputer for modeling of high-frequency seismic wave propagation in the Pacific subduction zone including plate heterogeneity, clearly demonstrate the scattering waveguide effects for high-frequency seismic waves traveling in the plate. The region of large intensity for the heterogeneous model migrates away from the hypocenter into northern Japan with an elongated zone along the Pacific coast, almost comparable to the observations from deep events in the Pacific plate.
Repair of an Interstrand DNA Cross-link Initiated by ERCC1-XPF Repair/Recombination Nuclease*

Interstrand DNA cross-link damage is a severe challenge to genomic integrity. Nucleotide excision repair plays some role in the repair of DNA cross-links caused by psoralens and other agents. However, in mammalian cells there is evidence that the ERCC1-XPF nuclease has a specialized additional function during interstrand DNA cross-link repair, beyond its role in nucleotide excision repair. We placed a psoralen monoadduct or interstrand cross-link in a duplex, 4–6 bases from a junction with unpaired DNA. ERCC1-XPF endonucleolytically cleaved within the duplex on either side of the adduct, on the strand having an unpaired 3′ tail. Cross-links that were cleaved only on the 5′ side were purified and reincubated with ERCC1-XPF. A second cleavage was then observed on the 3′ side. Relevant partially unwound structures near a cross-link may be expected to arise frequently, for example at stalled DNA replication forks. The results show that the single enzyme ERCC1-XPF can release one arm of a cross-link and suggest a novel mechanism for interstrand cross-link repair.
Non‐typhoidal Salmonella infections in children: Review of literature and recommendations for management

Non‐typhoidal Salmonellae are a major cause of infectious diarrhoea worldwide and can cause invasive diseases, including bacteraemia, meningitis and osteomyelitis. Young or immunocompromised children and those with underlying conditions such as sickle cell disease are particularly vulnerable to invasive disease. There has been an increase in the rate of resistant non‐typhoidal Salmonella, which is associated with invasive disease and hospitalisation. The intracellular nature of non‐typhoidal Salmonella protects against extracellular antibiotics and can facilitate disease relapse, particularly meningitis. Effective antimicrobial agents with good intracellular penetration include azithromycin, fluoroquinolones and third‐generation cephalosporins. Antibiotic treatment of non‐typhoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis is only indicated if there are risk factors for invasive disease as it can prolong excretion and does not shorten the duration of gastrointestinal symptoms. Optimal choice and length of therapy for gastroenteritis and invasive disease in children is not clear. Here, we provide a review of the literature and treatment recommendations.
Antimicrobial Dendrimeric Peptides: Structure, Activity and New Therapeutic Applications

Microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics is one of the most outstanding medical and scientific challenges of our times. Despite the recognised need for new anti-infective agents, however, very few new drugs have been brought to the market and to the clinic in the last three decades. This review highlights the properties of a new class of antibiotics, namely dendrimeric peptides. These intriguing novel compounds, generally made of multiple peptidic sequences linked to an inner branched core, display an array of antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities, usually coupled to low haemolytic activity. In addition, several peptides synthesized in oligobranched form proved to be promising tools for the selective treatment of cancer cells.