Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Associative Effect of VA Mycorrhizae with Bradyrhizobium as Biofertilizers on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Arachis hypogaea.

Pot experiments were carried out in virgin sandy soil amended with either rock phosphate or 2 super p hosphate. The experiment aim ed to investigate the influence of sing le or d ual i noculation of N fixer Bradyrhizobium and the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi VAM, as biofertilizers, on the growth and nutrient uptake o f peanut p lants ( Arachis hypogaea L.). The p ots were received half of the recommended dose of P fertilizer in t he rate of 20 m g P/ kg soil, whereas, ammonium ni trate wa s added in t he rate of 10 mg N /kg soil. The growth par ameters of the plant were s tudied, t he results revealed t hat the b iomass and grain y ield were significantly improved by using t he d ual biopreparations of AM fungi with Bradyrhizobium. D ata also revealed that b acterial-mycorrhizal-legume symbiosis increase nodule number, nitrogenase activity, total pigments, carbohydrate, protein and lipid content. Also, the ni trogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) uptake were significantly increased due to the single or dual inoculation . Generally, inoculation with VA my corrhizae and/or Bradyrhizobium can, synergistically, remove t he 2 deficient effe ct o f N and P on N -fixation and plant gr owth in the soil of l ow nutrient co ntent. In all experimental i nteractions, rock-P amended soil gave higher v alues tha n that o btained from super-P applicable soil.
Unpacking the Lore on Multilingual Scholars Publishing in English: A Discussion Paper

In the past three decades, a body of research on issues related to multilingual scholars writing for publication has emerged, paralleling the rise of pressures on scholars around the world to publish their work in high-status journals, especially those included in particular journal citation indexes; these indexes typically privilege the use of English. Researchers have investigated multilingual scholars’ experiences and perspectives, the social contexts of their work, policies on research publishing, aspects of the texts produced by multilingual scholars, the kinds of people scholars interact with while working to publish their research, their collaborations and networks, and pedagogical initiatives to support their publishing efforts. Nevertheless, as ongoing research is conducted, the existing research base has not always been consulted in meaningful ways. In this paper, we draw on the notion of ‘lore’ to identify some of the preconceptions or received wisdom about multilingual scholars and their writing that seem to be circulating, then argue for researchers to move beyond the ‘lore’ and make greater use of both findings from empirical research and related theoretical and methodological conversations. We identify directions for future research to be conducted.
Reconsidering the Microeconomic Foundations of Price-Setting Behavior

Although the Dixit-Stiglitz aggregator is the workhorse specification of monopolistic competition, this framework and related variants abstract from a key stylized fact from empirical studies of consumer behavior and product marketing, namely, that the price elasticity of demand for a given brand is primarily determined by the extensive margin (i.e., changes in the number of customers purchasing that product) rather than the intensive margin (i.e., changes in the specific quantity purchased by each individual customer). In this paper, we begin by analyzing household scanner data to confirm the salient empirical results. We then proceed to formulate a new dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modelling framework that captures both the intensive and extensive margins of demand, and we investigate the implications of this framework under two alternative sources of firm-level heterogeneity. First, in the case of idiosyncratic productivity shocks, we obtain analytic results for consumer demand and firms’ price-setting behavior and we show that the implications of the model are consistent with the key stylized facts. Second, in the case of staggered nominal price contracts, we show that the presence of customer search has important consequences for the welfare costs of inflation variability and hence for the design of monetary policy.
The International Index of Erectile Function: A Methodological Critique and Suggestions for Improvement

The International Index of Erectile Function is a well-worded and psychometrically valid self-report questionnaire widely used as the standard for the evaluation of male sexual function. However, some conceptual and statistical problems arise when using the measure with men who are not sexually active. These problems are illustrated using 2 empirical examples, and the authors provide recommended solutions to further strengthen the efficacy and validity of this measure.
Peritoneal Dialysis in Emergency in Children: Mono Centric Study in a Service of Adult Nephrology of Eastern Algeria

Introduction: Urgent peritoneal dialysis (PD) is very often the only possible technique for extra-renal dialysis in children in developing countries, mainly due to a lack of adequate hemodialysis equipment. Patients and methods: Over a period of 4 years (2015-2018) we identified 36 children who required emergency PD, including 14 girls and 22 boys, the average age is 42 months (range 1month to 9 years) , the average weight of 14.6 kg (3.1 kg to 25 kg). The technique used is the continuous acute DP with a Tenckhoff catheter, the volume of the intra peritoneal dialysate and the stasis times are in accordance with the European guidelines of 2014, the solutes used are the isotonic and punctually more concentrated solutions. All these parameters vary from one patient to another according to the desired objective. Results: Of our 36 young, 23 had an acute kidney injury AKI (02 septic shock, 09 tubular necrosis, 10 haemolytic and uremic syndromes, 02 obstructive AKI that were difficult to derivate), 13 with end stage chronic kidney disease CKD(congenital uropathy), the mean KT/V was 3.9 and the average UF 3.6 ml/kg/h, we had only two deaths due to complications of the initial pathology (septic shock). We did not have leaks or peritonitis, the most frequent complication was paradoxically hypokalemia (55% of cases), for AKI recovery of renal function was total in 100% of cases, for 13 cases of end stage CKD shift to chronic DP and pre-renal transplant checkup is the rule. Discussion: Our results are encouraging; the management of dialysis emergencies in children in an adult Nephrology service is a real challenge. A motivated and available technical platform has adapted to their care, emergency PD in children are increasingly present in our daily lives. Conclusion: Emergency PD in children is not only a necessity imposed by the lack of pediatric hemodialysis equipment, but a method in itself and very effective.
Phase III studies on novel oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a look beyond the excellent results

Summary. In this overview we address the three phase III studies that compared new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban) with warfarin in the setting of stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Strengths and weaknesses of the studies were examined in detail through indirect comparison. We analyze and comment the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the characteristics of randomized patients, the primary efficacy and safety end points and side effects. All new oral anticoagulants resulted in being non‐inferior to vitamin K antagonists in reducing stroke or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Dabigatran 150 mg and apixaban were superior to vitamin K antagonists. Importantly, new oral anticoagulants significantly reduced hemorrhagic stroke in all three studies. Major differences among new oral anticoagulants include the way they are eliminated and side effects. Both dabigatran and apixaban were tested in low‐ to moderate‐risk patients (mean CHADS2 [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age, Diabetes, Stroke] score = 2.1–2.2) whereas rivaroxaban was tested in high‐risk patients (mean CHADS2 score = 3.48) and at variance with dabigatran and apixaban was administered once daily. Apixaban significantly reduced mortality from any cause. The choice of a new oral anticoagulant should take into account these and other differences between the new drugs.
Voluntary Debt Reductions ∗

According to existing dynamic capital structure trade off theories equity holders never find it in their best interest to reduce debt voluntarily before bankruptcy or without renegotiating with creditors. This paper develops a model in which firms optimize the maturity structure of debt to commit to future downward restructurings. It is demonstrated that equityholders of firms with short-term debt may find it optimal not to replace maturing debt with new debt even if bond indentures allow them to do so. Committing to refinance existing debt effectively endogenizes the costs associated with high leverage, such as expected bankruptcy costs. Ex ante, a short maturity of debt therefore serves as a commitment to reduce leverage following a decrease in firm's cash flows. This advantage of short-term debt in avoiding costs of financial distress is not considered in the existing literature and motivates an optimal term-structure of corporate debt. Closed form solutions for the value of equity and debt are derived and it is shown that the debt capacity of firms increases when choosing a shorter maturity.
Factors influencing successful angiographic occlusion of aneurysms treated by coil embolization.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Coil embolization of berry aneurysms is a relatively new treatment whose long-term efficacy has yet to be established. The purpose of this study was, first, to attempt to identify factors that might be important in predicting success both at the time of treatment and at the time of follow-up angiography, and, second, to study changes in the aneurysm between treatment and follow-up to determine the frequency of these changes. METHODS The pretreatment, posttreatment, and follow-up angiograms of the first 63 aneurysms (in 58 patients) treated at our institution between June 1992 and April 1995 were analyzed, and the percentage of occlusion of each aneurysm was calculated. The size of any rest was noted for the posttreatment and follow-up angiograms. Treatment success was defined as a residue of less than 2 mm. Aneurysms were said to have changed if the percentage of occlusion had altered by more than 2.5% or if the difference in rest size was greater than 0.25 mm. Possible factors influencing primary and follow-up success rates were correlated against these calculations. RESULTS Success rates at treatment and follow-up were 71% and 65%, respectively. No change occurred in 41% of aneurysms, and 20% had a decrease in size of the residue. Twenty-eight percent had coil compaction, and 11% had aneurysmal growth. Neck size was the only significant variable in primary treatment success. Success at follow-up correlated significantly with neck size, initial treatment success, vasospasm at the time of treatment, and clinical presentation. CONCLUSION Best long-term angiographic results are obtained when the primary treatment is successful, when the aneurysm is small and narrow-necked, when the acutely ruptured aneurysm is treated within 15 days of ictus, and with anterior communicating and basilar-tip aneurysms.
Rapid assessment for a new invasive species threat: the case of the Gambian giant pouched rat in Florida

The Gambian giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) is a large rodent that has established a breeding population in the Florida Keys. Should it successfully disperse to mainland Florida, it could continue spreading through much of North America where significant negative ecological and agricultural consequences could result. We rapidly developed the information for implementing an efficient and successful eradication program before dispersal to the mainland occurs. This included development of monitoring and indexing methods and their application to define the animal's range, the development of baits attractive to Gambian giant pouched rats, efficacy testing of toxicants, and development of bait-delivery devices that exclude native animals. Gambian giant pouched rats appeared confined to the western two-thirds of Grassy Key, but have dispersed across a soil-filled causeway west to Crawl Key. We identified preferred habitat characteristics and potential dispersal pathways. We developed photographic and tracking tile methods for detecting and indexing Gambian giant pouched rats, both of which work well in the face of high densities of non-target species. We identified a commercial anticoagulant bait and we developed a zinc phosphide (an acute toxicant) bait matrix that were well accepted and effective for controlling Gambian giant pouched rats. We also developed a bait station for delivering toxic bait to Gambian giant pouched rats without risk to native species. We consider that the criteria are met for a successful eradication to commence.
Physical intimate partner violence during gestation as a risk factor for low quality of prenatal care.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate physical intimate partner violence during gestation as an independent risk factor for low quality of prenatal care. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out at three public maternity wards of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro (Southeastern Brazil). The 528 puerperal women included in the study were selected by simple random sampling from all babies born at term in 2000. Prenatal care information was collected through the pregnant woman's card and face-to-face interviews. The Kotelchuck index was employed to assess the quality of prenatal care. In order to identify violence situations, the Brazilian version of the instrument Revised Conflict Tactics Scales was used. Non-conditional logistic regression was used to assess the effect of exposure, after controlling for confounding variables. RESULTS Even after adjustment for socioeconomic, demographic, reproductive, and couple's lifestyle variables, physical intimate partner violence during gestation remained associated with low quality of prenatal care. Women exposed to physical violence during gestation had 2.2 times more chance of presenting inadequate prenatal care compared to those without history of physical violence. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to the need of identifying family conflict situations since the beginning of prenatal care in order to address the issue and enable higher adherence to follow-up among victimized pregnant women.
Predicting Clinical Outcome through Molecular Profiling in Stage III Melanoma

Purpose: Patients with macroscopic stage III melanoma represent a heterogeneous cohort with average 5-year overall survival rates of <30%. With current algorithms, it is not possible to predict which patients will achieve longer-term survival. We hypothesized that molecular profiling could be used to identify prognostic groups within patients with stage III melanoma while also providing a greater understanding of the biological programs underpinning these differences. Experimental Design: Lymph node sections from 29 patients with stage IIIB and IIIC melanoma, with divergent clinical outcome including 16 “poor-prognosis” and 13 “good-prognosis” patients as defined by time to tumor progression, were subjected to molecular profiling using oligonucleotide arrays as an initial training set. Twenty-one differentially expressed genes were validated using quantitative PCR and the 15 genes with strongest cross-platform correlation were used to develop two predictive scores, which were applied to two independent validation sets of 10 and 14 stage III tumor samples. Results: Supervised analysis using differentially expressed genes was able to differentiate the prognostic groups in the training set. The developed predictive scores correlated directly with clinical outcome. When the predictive scores were applied to the two independent validation sets, clinical outcome was accurately predicted in 90% and 85% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: We describe a gene expression profile that is capable of distinguishing clinical outcomes in a previously homogeneous group of stage III melanoma patients.
Can Children Discriminate Sugar-Sweetened from Non-Nutritively Sweetened Beverages and How Do They Like Them?

Background Replacement of sugar-sweetened by non-nutritively sweetened beverages or water may reduce excess weight gain in children. However, it is unclear whether children like non-nutritively sweetened beverages as much as sugar-sweetened beverages. We examined whether children could taste a difference between non-nutritively sweetened beverages and matching sugar-sweetened beverages, and which of the two types of beverage they liked best. Methods 89 children aged 5 to 12 tasted seven non-nutritively sweetened beverages and matching sugar-sweetened beverages, for a total of 14 beverages. We used Triangle tests to check their ability to discriminate between the matched versions, and a 5-point scale to measure how much the children liked each individual beverage. Results Overall, 24% of children appeared to be genuinely capable of distinguishing between non-nutritively sweetened and sugar-sweetened beverages. The mean ± SD score for how much the children liked the non-nutritively sweetened beverages was 3.39±0.7 and that for the sugar-sweetened beverages 3.39±0.6 (P = 0.9) on a scale running from 1 (disgusting) to 5 (delicious). The children preferred some beverages to others irrespective of whether they were sugar-sweetened or non-nutritively sweetened (P = 0.000). Children who correctly identified which of three drinks contained the same sweetener and which one was different also showed no preference for either type. Conclusion We found that about one in four children were able to discriminate between non-nutritively sweetened and sugar-sweetened beverages but children liked both varieties equally. Non-nutritively sweetened beverages may therefore be an acceptable alternative to sugar-sweetened beverages although water remains the healthiest beverage for children.
Ductuli Efferentes of the Bull‐A Morphological, Experimental and Developmental Study

The light and electron microscopic structure of efferent ductules (ED) has been investigated in the mature intact, treated, and immature bulls. On a morphological basis, ED could be subdivided in two major segments. The proximal segment (near rete testis) possesses greater tubular diameter and taller epithelium. The epithelium of ED consists of ciliated and nonciliated cells and a smaller number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and macrophages. The nonciliated cells can be distinguished into three different types: type II is characterized by specific granules, type III by vacuoles, whereas type I lacks either granules or vacuoles. Type II and III probably represent two cell species, which differ from each other in their morphological and histochemical properties, while type I may be the “inactive” form of the II and III cells. Type I cells occur throughout ED but they prevail in the proximal region. Type II cells inhabit the proximal segment and type III cells populate and prevail in the distal segment. The structure of nonciliated cells indicates that, in addition to resorptive and carbonic anhydrase activities, they are engaged in marked secretory activity. The control and significance of such an activity is discussed. Developmentally, the difference in tubular diameter in the proximal and distal regions is expressed shortly after birth, the morphological features of resorption were established by 25 weeks, while the formation of granules and vacuoles were not observed until 35 and 50 weeks, respectively.
A 4× 25-to-28Gb/s 4.9mW/Gb/s −9.7dBm high-sensitivity optical receiver based on 65nm CMOS for board-to-board interconnects

Growing data traffic requires low-power 25Gb/s-class optical interconnects for board-to-board transmission inside ICT systems [1-4]. The main power consumption of an optical link strongly depends on the sensitivity of the TIA; thus, development of a high-sensitivity TIA is a key to creating a low-power optical link. , There are two challenges concerning the design of such a TIA: (1) improving the sensitivity of TIA without sacrificing bandwidth and (2) suppressing ISI due to insertion loss. To address these two issues, a 4×25Gb/s CMOS optical receiver (RX), which includes a four-channel TIA and a PD array operating at 1. 3μm wavelength, is developed. The key components of the TIA are an automatic-decision-threshold control (ATC) with an offset canceller and low-voltage output driver (Drv) with peaking value of 7.7dB at 12.5GHz, achieved by separating equalizer (EQ) function and output buffer (BUF). The TIA attains a sensitivity of -9.7dBm (86μApp) optical modulation amplitude (OMA) and an eye opening of 65% at 25Gb/s. Operation at 28Gb/s with sensitivity of -8.2dBm (121μApp) OMA is also confirmed.
Ergonomics of load transport in the seed harvesting ant Messor barbarus: morphology influences transportation method and efficiency

ABSTRACT We studied in the field the load transport behavior of workers of the polymorphic Mediterranean seed harvester ant Messor barbarus. Individual ants used two different methods to transport food items: carrying and dragging. The probability of dragging instead of carrying varied significantly with both the mass of the item transported and its linear dimension. Moreover, the values of item mass and length at which dragging began to occur increased with increasing size of the workers. However, larger ants began dragging at decreasing values of the relative mass represented by the items transported, which reflects different biomechanical constraints resulting from allometric relationships between the different parts of their body. Transport rate was significantly higher in large ants but varied in the same way for workers of different sizes with the relative mass of the item transported. Nevertheless, although large ants were individually more efficient than small ants in transporting food items, the relative transport rate, defined as the ratio of transport rate to the mass of the ant, was higher for small ants than for large ants. Colonies should thus have a greater benefit in investing in small ants than in large ants for the transport of food items. This may explain why the proportion of large ants is so small on the foraging columns of M. barbarus and why large ants are most often employed in colonies for tasks other than transporting food items. Summary: Investigation of load transportation efficiency in ants shows that it depends on both their morphology and the transportation method they use, i.e. carrying or dragging.