Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practising Critical Reflection to Develop Emancipatory Change: Challenging the Legal Response to Sexual Assault

Overwhelmingly, critical practitioners working across a range of human service fields, who are committed to emancipatory and progressive social change ideals, report feeling powerless, alienated from the means of change, and hopeless about their capacities to make a difference in the lives of the individuals, groups or communities with whom they work because of restrictive contexts that ultimately determine the nature and parameters of their work. This ground-breaking book addresses this dilemma by demonstrating how critical reflection as an educational tool enables practitioners to envision possibilities for change. The legal system, particularly in its response to sexual assault provides a perfect example of this type of context and this volume explores the work of sexual assault practitioners that are engaged in supporting victims/survivors of sexual assault through the legal process. By reshaping ideas that have previously been considered as predominantly theoretical and abstract, Morley's work provides an innovative framework that enables social work and human services practitioners to find hope, agency and practical strategies to work towards change, despite operating in contexts that appear immutably oppressive. Â© Christine Morley 2014. All rights reserved.
Multiple Tests Based on a Gaussian Approximation of the Unitary Events Method with Delayed Coincidence Count

The unitary events (UE) method is one of the most popular and efficient methods used over the past decade to detect patterns of coincident joint spike activity among simultaneously recorded neurons. The detection of coincidences is usually based on binned coincidence count (Grün, 1996), which is known to be subject to loss in synchrony detection (Grün, Diesmann, Grammont, Riehle, & Aertsen, 1999). This defect has been corrected by the multiple shift coincidence count (Grün et al., 1999). The statistical properties of this count have not been further investigated until this work, the formula being more difficult to deal with than the original binned count. First, we propose a new notion of coincidence count, the delayed coincidence count, which is equal to the multiple shift coincidence count when discretized point processes are involved as models for the spike trains. Moreover, it generalizes this notion to nondiscretized point processes, allowing us to propose a new gaussian approximation of the count. Since unknown parameters are involved in the approximation, we perform a plug-in step, where unknown parameters are replaced by estimated ones, leading to a modification of the approximating distribution. Finally the method takes the multiplicity of the tests into account via a Benjamini and Hochberg approach (Benjamini & Hochberg, 1995), to guarantee a prescribed control of the false discovery rate. We compare our new method, MTGAUE (multiple tests based on a gaussian approximation of the unitary events) and the UE method proposed in Grün et al. (1999) over various simulations, showing that MTGAUE extends the validity of the previous method. In particular, MTGAUE is able to detect both profusion and lack of coincidences with respect to the independence case and is robust to changes in the underlying model. Furthermore MTGAUE is applied on real data.
Readiness for change and job satisfaction in a case of lean management application — A comparative study

ObjectivesThis current study investigates the effect of lean management system on work attitudes of workers of two manufacturing companies. “Lean management” is a concept of work processes and human relations that determines company’s productivity and profitability. Workers of two enterprises, the first one with lean production and the second one with old mass production, were compared for their readiness for change and job satisfaction (both emotional and cognitive aspect). Materials and MethodsThe sample of 102 employees completed a battery of instruments such as: the Job Description Inventory by Neuberger and Allerbeck, the Job Affect Scale by Burke et al. and the Change-Readiness Scale by Kriegel and Brandt. Results: Individuals from the lean manufacturing company were characterized by higher level of readiness for change, positive affect at work, and cognitive job satisfaction.ConclusionsIn this approach the introduction of lean production positively affected company’s human resource attitudes.
Manufacturing the Employee: Management Knowledge from the 19th to 21st Centuries

Managing for the Next Century - or the Last? Evolutionary and Discursive Histories of Knowledge Federalist Reality The Pre-History of Management The Demise of Federalist Reality 'The Birth of a Nation' A New Social Contract Industrial Reality, a Problem to Manage The Disciplinary World of L'employ[ac]e The Struggle of Memory against Forgetting Managerialist Thought as a Conceptual Prison
Memory functions of the human medial temporal lobe studied with fMRI

There is a growing interest in how temporal order of episodic memories is represented within the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Animal studies suggest that the hippocampal formation (HF) is critical for retrieving the temporal order of past experiences. However, human imaging studies that have tested recency discrimination between pairs of previously encoded items have generally failed to report HF activation. We hypothesized that recalling a naturalistic sequence of past events would be particularly sensitive to HF function, attributable to greater involvement of associative processes. To test this prediction, we let subjects watch a novel movie and later, during functional magnetic resonance imaging, asked them to rearrange and "replay" scenes from the movie in correct order. To identify areas specifically involved in retrieval of temporal order, we used a control condition where subjects logically inferred the order of scenes from the same movie. Extensive MTL activation was observed during sequence recall. Activation within the right HF was specifically related to retrieval of temporal order and correlated positively with accuracy of sequence recall. Also, the bilateral parahippocampal cortex responded to retrieval of temporal order, but the activation here was not related to performance. Our study is the first to unequivocally demonstrate that correct sequence recall depends on HF.
Light-evoked Somatosensory Perception of Transgenic Rats That Express Channelrhodopsin-2 in Dorsal Root Ganglion Cells

In vertebrate somatosensory systems, each mode of touch-pressure, temperature or pain is sensed by sensory endings of different dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, which conducted to the specific cortical loci as nerve impulses. Therefore, direct electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerve endings causes an erroneous sensation to be conducted by the nerve. We have recently generated several transgenic lines of rat in which channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) transgene is driven by the Thy-1.2 promoter. In one of them, W-TChR2V4, some neurons were endowed with photosensitivity by the introduction of the ChR2 gene, coding an algal photoreceptor molecule. The DRG neurons expressing ChR2 were immunohistochemically identified using specific antibodies to the markers of mechanoreceptive or nociceptive neurons. Their peripheral nerve endings in the plantar skin as well as the central endings in the spinal cord were also examined. We identified that ChR2 is expressed in a certain population of large neurons in the DRG of W-TChR2V4. On the basis of their morphology and molecular markers, these neurons were classified as mechanoreceptive but not nociceptive. ChR2 was also distributed in their peripheral sensory nerve endings, some of which were closely associated with CK20-positive cells to form Merkel cell-neurite complexes or with S-100-positive cells to form structures like Meissner's corpuscles. These nerve endings are thus suggested to be involved in the sensing of touch. Each W-TChR2V4 rat showed a sensory-evoked behavior in response to blue LED flashes on the plantar skin. It is thus suggested that each rat acquired an unusual sensory modality of sensing blue light through the skin as touch-pressure. This light-evoked somatosensory perception should facilitate study of how the complex tactile sense emerges in the brain.
Test input generation for java containers using state matching

The popularity of object-oriented programming has led to the wide use of container libraries. It is important for the reliability of these containers that they are tested adequately. We describe techniques for automated test input generation of Java container classes. Test inputs are sequences of method calls from the container interface. The techniques rely on state matching to avoid generation of redundant tests. Exhaustive techniques use model checking with explicit or symbolic execution to explore all the possible test sequences up to predefined input sizes. Lossy techniques rely on abstraction mappings to compute and store abstract versions of the concrete states; they explore underapproximations of all the possible test sequences.We have implemented the techniques on top of the Java PathFinder model checker and we evaluate them using four Java container classes. We compare state matching based techniques and random selection for generating test inputs, in terms of testing coverage. We consider basic block coverage and a form of predicate coverage - that measures whether all combinations of a predetermined set of predicates are covered at each basic block. The exhaustive techniques can easily obtain basic block coverage, but cannot obtain good predicate coverage before running out of memory. On the other hand, abstract matching turns out to be a powerful approach for generating test inputs to obtain high predicate coverage. Random selection performed well except on the examples that contained complex input spaces, where the lossy abstraction techniques performed better.
The clinical value of combining maternal serum screening and uterine artery Doppler in prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome

Summary Uterine artery Doppler waveform analysis is not offered in routine antenatal care in the UK. The aim of this study is to evaluate a policy of offering uterine artery Doppler ultrasound, in the setting of a District General Hospital, to women who are judged to be at high risk of adverse pregnancy outcome, based on their mid-trimester biochemical serum screening. Data from 73 cases with abnormal serum screening were collected and analysed. Abnormal outcome occurred in 11 cases (16%) including two perinatal deaths. The positive predictive value of adverse outcome was 13% for abnormal serum screening, 26% for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) >3 multiples of the median (MOM) and 8% for alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) >2.5 MOM. A total of 56 cases of the study group had uterine artery Doppler at 22 weeks' gestation. Evaluation of the performance of uterine artery Doppler in prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome revealed a sensitivity of 43%, specificity of 70%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 18% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 89%. When the presence of diastolic notch was taken to define a positive result the sensitivity remained unchanged, however the specificity, PPV and NPV improved to 91%, 43% and 91%, respectively. In conclusion, the combination of serum markers and abnormal uterine artery Doppler ultrasound improves the identification of women at risk of subsequent pregnancy complications. Raised serum hCG has a better predictive value for adverse pregnancy outcome as opposed to raised serum AFP. In the absence of diastolic notch, the accuracy of abnormal uterine artery Doppler ultrasound is markedly reduced.
Safety data from controlled clinical trials

− A good balance between safety and tolerability is necessary for an antiepileptic drug (AED) to be successful in the management of patients with epilepsy. Levetiracetam is one of the new generation of AEDs licensed as an add-on therapy for the treatment of patients with partial-onset seizures. Levetiracetam’s mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Controlled clinical trials, open-label studies, and postmarketing surveillance indicate that levetiracetam has a favorable safety profile characterized by little effect on vital signs or clinical laboratory values, reported adverse events that are mild to moderate, and no known drug-drug interactions. The tolerability of levetiracetam may extend to both pediatric and elderly patients based on analyses of small numbers of patients. Tolerability is maintained over the long term. Levetiracetam does not appear to have a different safety profile in learning-disabled patients. Levetiracetam appears to have a good balance between tolerability and efficacy in the treatment of a wide variety of patients with partial epilepsy.
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy after Noncardioembolic Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: Pros and Cons

Dual antiplatelet therapy simultaneously blocks different platelet activation pathways and might thus be more potent at inhibiting platelet activation and more effective at reducing major ischemic vascular events compared to antiplatelet monotherapy. Aspirin plus clopidogrel dual therapy is now the standard therapy for patients with acute coronary syndrome and for those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, dual antiplatelet therapy carries an increased risk of bleeding. Patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) are generally older and likely to have a fragile cerebrovascular bed, which further increases the risk of systemic major bleeding events and intracranial hemorrhage. Clinical trials and meta-analyses suggest that in comparison to antiplatelet monotherapy, dual antiplatelet therapy initiated early after noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or TIA further reduces the rate of recurrent stroke and major vascular events without significantly increasing the rate of major bleeding events. In contrast, studies of long-term therapy in patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or TIA have yielded inconsistent data regarding the benefit of dual antiplatelet therapy over monotherapy. However, the harm associated with major bleeding events, including intracranial hemorrhage, which is generally more disabling and more fatal than ischemic stroke, is likely to increase with dual antiplatelet therapy. Physicians should carefully assess the benefits and risks of dual antiplatelet therapy versus antiplatelet monotherapy when managing patients with ischemic stroke or TIA.
Languages of Science in the Eighteenth Century

The eighteenth century is an important period both in the history of science and in the history of languages. In this volume, seventeen authors explore, from a variety of angles, the construction of a scientific language and discourse. The chapters explore the forming of scientific communities, the emergence of new languages of science, the spread of scientific ideas, and the development of scientific writing.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW THE MAGICAL NUMBER SEVEN, PLUS OR MINUS TWO: SOME LIMITS ON OUR CAPACITY FOR PROCESSING INFORMATION 1

My problem is that I have been persecuted by an integer. For seven years this number has followed me around, has intruded in my most private data, and has assaulted me from the pages of our most public journals. This number assumes a variety of disguises, being sometimes a little larger and sometimes a little smaller than usual, but never changing so much as to be unrecogniz-able. The persistence with which this number plagues me is far more than a random accident. There is, to quote a famous senator, a design behind it, some pattern governing its appearances. Either there really is something unusual about the number or else I am suffering from delusions of persecution. I shall begin my case history by telling you about some experiments that tested how accurately people can assign numbers to the magnitudes of various aspects of a stimulus. In the traditional language of psychology these would be called experiments in absolute judgment. Historical accident, however , has decreed that they should have another name. We now call them experiments on the capacity of people to transmit information. Since these experiments would not have been done without the appearance of information theory on the psychological scene, and since the results are analyzed in terms of the concepts of information theory, I shall have to preface my discussion with a few remarks about this theory. INFORMATION MEASUREMENT The "amount of information" is exactly the same concept that we have talked about for years under the name of "variance. " The equations are different , but if we hold tight to the idea that anything that increases the variance also increases the amount of information we cannot go far astray. The advantages of this new way of talking about variance are simple enough. Variance is always stated in terms of the unit of measurement— inches, pounds, volts, etc.—whereas the amount of information is a dimension-less quantity. Since the information in a discrete statistical distribution does not depend upon the unit of measurement , we can extend the concept to situations where we have no metric and we would not ordinarily think of using 81
The Effects of Home-Based Cognitive Training on Verbal Working Memory and Language Comprehension in Older Adulthood

Effective language understanding is crucial to maintaining cognitive abilities and learning new information through adulthood. However, age-related declines in working memory (WM) have a robust negative influence on multiple aspects of language comprehension and use, potentially limiting communicative competence. In the current study (N = 41), we examined the effects of a novel home-based computerized cognitive training program targeting verbal WM on changes in verbal WM and language comprehension in healthy older adults relative to an active component-control group. Participants in the WM training group showed non-linear improvements in performance on trained verbal WM tasks. Relative to the active control group, WM training participants also showed improvements on untrained verbal WM tasks and selective improvements across untrained dimensions of language, including sentence memory, verbal fluency, and comprehension of syntactically ambiguous sentences. Though the current study is preliminary in nature, it does provide initial promising evidence that WM training may influence components of language comprehension in adulthood and suggests that home-based training of WM may be a viable option for probing the scope and limits of cognitive plasticity in older adults.
Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS): Normative scores in the general population and effect sizes in placebo‐controlled SSRI trials

The Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) was developed as a self‐rating for use in diagnosing and measuring symptom severity and treatment outcome in post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); 630 subjects were identified by random digit dialing and evaluated for a history of trauma. Prevalence rates of PTSD and subthreshold PTSD with impairment were 2.2 and 4.1%, respectively. In this general population sample, 438 subjects endorsed at least one trauma, and four groups were generated: A) threshold PTSD (n = 13), B) subthreshold PTSD with impairment (n = 26), C) subthreshold PTSD without impairment (n = 78), and D) no PTSD (n = 321). Mean (SD) DTS score in the entire population was 11.0 ± 18.1. Differences were found in four of the five pairwise between‐group contrasts. In a second sample of 447 clinical trial participants from three SSRI vs. placebo studies, we assessed treatment effect size according to different measures. In all three clinical trials, effect size with the DTS was equal to, or better than, those found for the Impact of Event Scale (IES), Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), and Structured Interview for PTSD (SIP). These results further affirm the utility of the DTS as a self‐rating measure of PTSD symptom severity and in evaluating treatment response. Depression and Anxiety 15:75–78, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation campaigns and TRECVid

The TREC Video Retrieval Evaluation (TRECVid)is an international benchmarking activity to encourage research in video information retrieval by providing a large test collection, uniform scoring procedures, and a forum for organizations 1 interested in comparing their results. TRECVid completed its fifth annual cycle at the end of 2005 and in 2006 TRECVid will involve almost 70 research organizations, universities and other consortia. Throughout its existence, TRECVid has benchmarked both interactive and automatic/manual searching for shots from within a video corpus,automatic detection of a variety of semantic and low-level video features, shot boundary detection and the detection of story boundaries in broadcast TV news. This paper will give an introduction to information retrieval (IR) evaluation from both a user and a system perspective, high-lighting that system evaluation is by far the most prevalent type of evaluation carried out. We also include a summary of TRECVid as an example of a system evaluation bench-marking campaign and this allows us to discuss whether such campaigns are a good thing or a bad thing. There are arguments for and against these campaigns and we present some of them in the paper concluding that on balance they have had a very positive impact on research progress.
Protein and body weight accretion of chicks on diets with widely varying contents of soyabean meal supplemented or unsupplemented with its limiting amino acids

1. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of relative deficiencies of methionine and threonine on the growth performance of 8- to 21-d-old chicks fed on isoenergetic diets containing a wide range of crude protein (CP) concentrations from dehulled soyabean meal (SBM). 2. Chicks fed on graded levels of SBM containing supplemental methionine and threonine (BAL) accreted whole-body protein more efficiently (P < 0.05) than those receiving graded levels of unsupplemented SBM (DEF), and superior (P < 0.05) growth performance was also obtained at lower CP levels when chicks were fed on the BAL diets. 3. Voluntary food intake increased between 30 and 220 g CP/kg in chicks fed on DEF diets, whereas food intake of chicks fed on BAL diets increased only between 30 and 100 g CP/kg, after which it decreased between 100 and 220 g CP/kg. 4. Protein efficiency ratio (g gain per g protein intake) decreased with each incremental increase in CP between 30 and 260 g CP/kg, regardless of whether diets were BAL or DEF. 5. These data indicate that maintaining a balanced ratio of amino acids is a preferable approach when poultry producers are interested in employing low CP diets for economic, physiological or environmental reasons.