Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noradrenergic activation of the basolateral amygdala modulates the consolidation of object-in-context recognition memory

Noradrenergic activation of the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) is well known to enhance the consolidation of long-term memory of highly emotionally arousing training experiences. The present study investigated whether such noradrenergic activation of the BLA also influences the consolidation of object-in-context recognition memory, a low-arousing training task assessing episodic-like memory. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to two identical objects in one context for either 3 or 10 min, immediately followed by exposure to two other identical objects in a distinctly different context. Immediately after the training they received bilateral intra-BLA infusions of norepinephrine (0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 μ g) or the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 μ g). On the 24-h retention test, rats were placed back into one of the training contexts with one copy of each of the two training objects. Thus, although both objects were familiar, one of the objects had not previously been encountered in this particular test context. Hence, if the animal generated a long-term memory for the association between an object and its context, it would spend significantly more time exploring the object that was not previously experienced in this context. Saline-infused control rats exhibited poor 24-h retention when given 3 min of training and good retention when given 10 min of training. Norepinephrine administered after 3 min of object-in-context training induced a dose-dependent memory enhancement, whereas propranolol administered after 10 min of training produced memory impairment. These findings provide evidence that post-training noradrenergic activation of the BLA also enhances the consolidation of memory of object-in-context recognition training, enabling accuracy of episodic-like memories.
An Examination of Mental Health, Hostility, and Typology in Homicide Offenders

We examined the psychological characteristics of homicide offenders (n = 95) compared with incarcerated samples of rapists (n = 232) and generally violent men (n = 97) using the original Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), its Overcontrolled Hostility (O-H) scale, and the Buss Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI). Prominent MMPI elevations were found on scales 4 and 8 for each group. While general violent offenders had the highest BDHI scores, there were no differences among groups in O-H. Cluster analyses revealed a disordered and nondisordered homicide offender type. Results are discussed in light of extant findings with directions for applied homicide offender research.
Ausgebrannt und unzufrieden

In dieser Studie wurden Zusammenhange zwischen arbeitseinheitsbezogenen Change-Charakteristika (Valenz, Ausmas), der Wahrnehmung des Arbeitskontextes (veranderungsspezifische Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit) und Reaktionen wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter (emotionale Erschopfung, Arbeitszufriedenheit, Kundigungsabsicht) in der Umstellungsphase einer deutschen Hochschule untersucht. 315 Mitarbeiter unterschiedlicher Arbeitseinheiten nahmen an der Befragung teil. Die Ergebnisse der Strukturgleichungsanalysen zeigten einen signifikanten negativen Zusammenhang zwischen Valenz der Veranderung fur die Arbeitseinheit und veranderungsspezifischer Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit. Entgegen der Annahme korrelierte das Ausmas der Veranderung fur die Arbeitseinheit nicht mit der veranderungsspezifischen Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit. Emotionale Erschopfung mediierte sowohl die negative Beziehung zwischen veranderungsspezifischer Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit und Arbeitszufriedenheit als auch die positive Beziehung zwischen veranderungsspezifis.
Can Machine Learning Methods Predict Extubation Outcome in Premature Infants as well as Clinicians?

RATIONALE Though treatment of the prematurely born infant breathing with assistance of a mechanical ventilator has much advanced in the past decades, predicting extubation outcome at a given point in time remains challenging. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify predictors for extubation outcome; however, the rate of infants failing extubation attempts has not declined. OBJECTIVE To develop a decision-support tool for the prediction of extubation outcome in premature infants using a set of machine learning algorithms. METHODS A dataset assembled from 486 premature infants on mechanical ventilation was used to develop predictive models using machine learning algorithms such as artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), naïve Bayesian classifier (NBC), boosted decision trees (BDT), and multivariable logistic regression (MLR). Performance of all models was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS For some of the models (ANN, MLR and NBC) results were satisfactory (AUC: 0.63-0.76); however, two algorithms (SVM and BDT) showed poor performance with AUCs of ~0.5. CONCLUSION Clinician's predictions still outperform machine learning due to the complexity of the data and contextual information that may not be captured in clinical data used as input for the development of the machine learning algorithms. Inclusion of preprocessing steps in future studies may improve the performance of prediction models.
Somatic sensory responses in the rostral sector of the posterior group (POm) and in the ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM) of the rat thalamus

The rodent barrel field cortex integrates somatosensory information from two separate thalamic nuclei, the ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM) and the rostral sector of the posterior complex (POm). This paper compares the sensory responses of POm and VPM cells in urethane‐anesthetized rats as a first step in determining how cortex integrates multiple sensory pathways.
Complex regulation of the global regulatory gene csrA: CsrA‐mediated translational repression, transcription from five promoters by Eσ70 and EσS, and indirect transcriptional activation by CsrA

CsrA of Escherichia coli is an RNA‐binding protein that globally regulates gene expression by repressing translation and/or altering the stability of target transcripts. Here we explored mechanisms that control csrA expression. Four CsrA binding sites were predicted upstream of the csrA initiation codon, one of which overlapped its Shine–Dalgarno sequence. Results from gel shift, footprint, toeprint and in vitro translation experiments indicate that CsrA binds to these four sites and represses its own translation by directly competing with 30S ribosomal subunit binding. Experiments were also performed to examine transcription of csrA. Primer extension, in vitro transcription and in vivo expression studies identified two σ70‐dependent (P2 and P5) and two σS‐dependent (P1 and P3) promoters that drive transcription of csrA. Additional primer extension studies identified a fifth csrA promoter (P4). Transcription from P3, which is indirectly activated by CsrA, is primarily responsible for increased csrA expression as cells transition from exponential to stationary‐phase growth. Taken together, our results indicate that regulation of csrA expression occurs by a variety of mechanisms, including transcription from multiple promoters by two sigma factors, indirect activation of its own transcription, as well as direct repression of its own translation.
Description of Endozoicomonas euniceicola sp. nov. and Endozoicomonas gorgoniicola sp. nov., bacteria isolated from the octocorals Eunicea fusca and Plexaura sp., and an emended description of the genus Endozoicomonas.

Two Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, strains EF212(T) and PS125(T), were isolated from the octocorals Eunicea fusca and Plexaura sp. , respectively. EF212(T) was isolated from a specimen of E. fusca collected off the coast of Florida, USA, and PS125(T) was isolated from a specimen of Plexaura sp. collected off the coast of Bimini, Bahamas. Analysis of the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these novel strains were most closely related to Endozoicomonas montiporae CL-33(T), E. elysicola MKT110(T) and E. numazuensis HC50(T) (EF212(T), 95.6-97.2 % identity; PS125(T), 95.1-96.4 % identity). DNA-DNA hybridization values among EF212(T), PS125(T), E. montiporae LMG 24815(T) and E. elysicola KCTC 12372(T) were far below the 70 % cut-off, with all values for duplicate measurements being less than 35 %. Both EF212(T) and PS125(T) required NaCl for growth and showed optimal growth at 2-3 % NaCl, 22-30 °C and pH 8.0. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c), C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. The DNA G+C content of EF212(T) was 48.6 mol% and that of PS125(T) was 47.5 mol%. In addition to the genotypic differences observed between the two novel strains and related type strains, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic experiments also revealed differences between strains. Thus, strains EF212(T) and PS125(T) represent novel species of the genus Endozoicomonas, for which the names Endozoicomonas euniceicola sp. nov. and Endozoicomonas gorgoniicola sp. nov., respectively, are proposed. The type strains are EF212(T) ( = NCCB 100458(T) = DSM 26535(T)) for Endozoicomonas euniceicola sp. nov. and PS125(T) ( = NCCB 100438(T) = CECT 8353(T)) for Endozoicomonas gorgoniicola sp. nov. An emended description of the genus Endozoicomonas is also provided to encompass differences observed in the results of genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic tests compared from the original and amended genus descriptions.
Target Detection by Opponent Coding in Monkey Prefrontal Cortex

The pFC plays a key role in flexible, context-specific decision making. One proposal [Machens, C. K. , Romo, R. , & Brody, C. D. Flexible control of mutual inhibition: A neural model of two-interval discrimination. Science, 307, 1121–1124, 2005] is that prefrontal cells may be dynamically organized into opponent coding circuits, with competitive groups of cells coding opposite behavioral decisions. Here, we show evidence for extensive, temporally evolving opponent organization in the monkey pFC during a cued target detection task. More than a half of all randomly selected cells discriminated stimulus category in this task. The largest set showed target-positive activity, with the strongest responses to the current target, intermediate activity for a nontarget that was a target on other trials, and lowest activity for nontargets never associated with the target category. Second most frequent was a reverse, antitarget pattern. In the ventrolateral frontal cortex, opponent organization was strongly established in phasic responses at stimulus onset; later, such activity was widely spread across dorsolateral and ventrolateral sites. Task-specific organization into opponent cell groups may be a general feature of prefrontal decision making.
Additional validity evidence for a measure of Morningness

Morningness refers to a preference for morning versus evening activities. This study assessed the predictive validity of an instrument developed by C. S. Smith, C. Reilly, and K. Midkiff (1989) to measure the morningness construct. Morningness data were collected from university students (N= 454) at the beginning of a semester to examine the relationship between morningness and student behavior (i.e., sleeping, studying, and class scheduling) and performance. Results indicate that morningness was predictive of patterns of sleeping, studying, and class scheduling. Morningness also interacted with the time at which classes met to affect performance
What's Wrong with the Rorschach? Science Confronts the Controversial Inkblot Test

Acknowledgments.1. A Psychological X-Ray: The Power of the Rorschach.2. A Test Is Born: Origins of the Rorschach Inkblot Technique.3. The Rorschach Comes to America.4. Rorschach Rules! 5. The Many-Portaled Quandary: Balkanization of the Rorschach.6. Scientists Look at the Rorschach.7. The Rorschach in Crisis.8. New Life for the Rorschach: John E. Exner's Comprehensive System.9. The Unraveling of the Comprehensive System.10. Still Waiting for the Messiah: The Future of the Rorschach.11. Clinging to the Wreck: Why Some Psychologists Won't Let Go.12. Objection, Your Honor! Keeping the Rorschach Out of Court Epilogue:Will the Rorschach Go On Forever? Appendix: Graphs on Psychometrics and the Rorschach.Notes. References.About the Authors.Name Index.Subjct Index.
Comparison of FDG-PET/CT and bone scintigraphy for detection of bone metastases in breast cancer

Background Bone scintigraphy is the standard procedure for the detection of bone metastases in breast cancer patients. FDG-PET/CT has been reported to be a sensitive tool for tumor staging in different malignant diseases. However, its accuracy for the detection of bone metastases has not been compared to bone scintigraphy. Purpose To compare whole-body FDG-PET/CT and bone scintigraphy for the detection of bone metastases on a lesion basis in breast cancer patients. Material and Methods Twenty-nine consecutive women (mean age 58 years, range 35-78 years) with histologically proven breast cancer were assessed with bone scintigraphy and whole-body FDG-PET/CT. Twenty-one patients (72%) were suffering from primary breast cancer and eight patients (28%) were in aftercare with a history of advanced breast cancer. Both imaging procedures were assessed for bone metastases by a radiologist and a nuclear medicine physician. Concordant readings between bone scintigraphy and FDG-PET/CT were taken as true. Discordant readings were verified with additional MRI imaging in all patients and follow-up studies in most patients. Results A total of 132 lesions were detected on bone scintigraphy, FDG-PET/CT or both. According to the reference standard, 70/132 lesions (53%) were bone metastases, 59/132 lesions (45%) were benign, and three lesions (2%) remained unclear. The sensitivity of bone scintigraphy was 76% (53/70) compared to 96% (67/70) for FDG-PET/CT. The specificity of bone scintigraphy and FDG-PET/CT was 95% (56/59) and 92% (54/59), respectively. According to the reference standard bone metastases were present in eight out of the 29 patients (28%), whereas 20 patients (69%) were free of bone metastases. One (3%) patient had inconclusive readings on both modalities as well as on MRI and follow-up studies. Bone scintigraphy and FDG-PET/CT correctly identified seven out of eight patients with bone metastases and 20 out of 20 patients free of metastases. Conclusion On a lesion-basis whole-body FDG-PET/CT is more sensitive and equally specific for the detection of bone metastases compared with bone scintigraphy.
Problems in expert deception detection and the risk of false confessions: no proof to the contrary in Levine et al. (2014)

Lie-detection research has shown that observers who rely on nonverbal cues or on verbal cues correctly classify on average 54% of truth tellers and liars. In addition, over the years, countless numbers of innocent people have made false confessions and, in analysing the problem, researchers have implicated both a suspect's vulnerability and the persuasive influence of certain police interrogation tactics. Levine et al. (2014) aim to contribute to these vast bodies of literature by reporting two studies purportedly showing that expert interviewers – when they are permitted to question interviewees – can achieve almost perfect accuracy without eliciting false confessions. We argue that theoretical and methodological aspects of these studies undermine the reliability and validity of the data reported, that as a result the studies do not contribute to the scientific literatures on lie detection and false confessions in any meaningful way, and that the results are dangerously misleading.
Determination of diffusion coefficients and activation energy of selected organic liquids using reversed-flow gas chromatographic technique

Evaporation of vaporize organic liquid has ecological consequences when the compounds are introduced into both freshwater and marine environments through industrial effluents, or introduced directly into the air from industrial unit processes such as bioreactors and cooling towers. In such cases, a rapid and simple method are needed to measure physicochemical properties of the organic liquids. The Reversed-Flow Gas Chromatography (RF-GC) sampling technique is an easy, fast and accurate procedure. It was used to measure the diffusion coefficients of vapors from liquid into a carrier gas and at the same time to determine the rate coefficients for the evaporation of the respective liquid. The mathematical expression describing the elution curves of the samples peaks was derived and used to calculate the respective parameters for the selected liquid pollutants selected such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane and n-hexadecane, evaporating into the carrier gas of nitrogen. The values of diffusion coefficients found were compared with those calculated theoretically or reported in the literature. The values of evaporation rate were used to determine the activation energy of respective samples using Arrhenius equation. An interesting finding of this work is by using an alternative mathematical analysis based on equilibrium at the liquid-gas interphase, the comparison leads to profound agreement between theoretical values of diffusion coefficients and experimental evidence.
Overexpression of HMGB1 in melanoma predicts patient survival and suppression of HMGB1 induces cell cycle arrest and senescence in association with p21 (Waf1/Cip1) up-regulation via a p53-independent, Sp1-dependent pathway

Although laboratory studies have implicated the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in melanoma, its clinical relevance remains unclear. We analyzed nearly 100 cases of human melanoma and found that HMGB1 was highly overexpressed in melanoma samples relative to normal skin and nevi tissues. Significantly, higher levels of HMGB1 correlated with more advanced disease stages and with poorer survival in melanoma patients. Unlike the well-documented pro-inflammatory role of the extracellular HMGB1, we found that its intracellular activity is necessary for melanoma cell proliferation. An absolute dependency of melanoma cell proliferation on HMGB1 was underscored by the marked response of cell cycle arrest and senescence to HMGB1 knockdown. We demonstrated that HMGB1 deficiency-induced inhibition of cell proliferation was mediated by p21, which was induced via a Sp1-dependent mechanism. Taken together, our data demonstrate a novel oncogenic role of HMGB1 in promoting human melanoma cell proliferation and have important implications in melanoma patient care.
Noise Generation Algorithm for Test Set Based on Part-of-Speech Retention

Considering the gap between training and inference phases of author imitation models trained with Denoising AutoEncoder loss, this paper proposes a noise generation algorithm for test set based on part-of-speech retention. Leveraging linguistic definitions to identify the part-of-speech associated with the primary elements of a sentence, this algorithm selectively retains elements with corresponding parts-of-speech during the addition of noise, while introducing normal noise to other components of the sentence. The proposed algorithm ensures maximum extraction of source text information during the model's inference stage and reduces the gap between the training and inference stages. Moreover, this paper also improves the noise generation algorithm employed during the training phase of De-noising AutoEncoder. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed noise generation algorithm achieves a relatively well-balanced combination of stylistic intensity, content preservation, and fluency, surpassing other types of noise generation algorithms.
Good clinical outcomes from a 7-year holistic programme of fistula repair in Guinea

Female genital fistula remains a public health concern in developing countries. From January 2007 to September 2013, the Fistula Care project, managed by EngenderHealth in partnership with the Ministry of Health and supported by USAID, integrated fistula repair services in the maternity wards of general hospitals in Guinea. The objective of this article was to present and discuss the clinical outcomes of 7 years of work involving 2116 women repaired in three hospitals across the country.
Insulin Resistance in HIV-Infected Men and Women in the Nutrition for Healthy Living Cohort

Objective:We evaluated insulin resistance (IR) in an HIV-infected cohort and compared our results with those of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III). Methods:Using a cross-sectional study design, we determined the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) in 378 nondiabetic participants in the Nutrition for Healthy Living (NFHL) study and evaluated the association of the QUICKI with demographic, socioeconomic, body composition, lipid, liver function, HIV-associated factors (CD4 cell count, viral load, highly active antiretroviral therapy type, and years infected), and injection drug use. The prevalence of IR (QUICKI <0.350) and the mean QUICKI were ascertained for nondiabetic persons aged 25 to 65 years in the NHANES III and compared with those in the NFHL study. Results:Protease inhibitor (PI) highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) HAART were associated with worse IR in HIV-infected men. Greater waist circumference, triglycerides, age, and alanine aminotransferase were associated with worse IR, and higher high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and smoking were associated with less IR in the NFHL study; CD4 cell count, viral load, and years HIV infected were not associated with IR. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of IR in the NFHL study versus the NHANES III (51% vs. 47%; P = 0.27). NFHL participants were not more IR than NHANES III participants. Conclusions:IR in the NFHL study was quite common but not significantly different than in the NHANES III and was associated with similar factors as in the general population. PI HAART and NNRTI HAART were associated with worse IR in men.
Population‐structure and genetic diversity in a haplochromine fish cichlid of a satellite lake of Lake Victoria

The ∼500 species of the cichlid fish species flock of Lake Victoria, East Africa, have evolved in a record‐setting 100 000 years and represent one of the largest adaptive radiations. We examined the population structure of the endangered cichlid species Xystichromis phytophagus from Lake Kanyaboli, a satellite lake to Lake Victoria in the Kenyan Yala wetlands. Two sets of molecular markers were analysed — sequences of the mitochondrial control region as well as six microsatellite loci — and revealed surprisingly high levels of genetic variability in this species. Mitochondrial DNA sequences failed to detect population structuring among the three sample populations. A model‐based population assignment test based on microsatellite data revealed that the three populations most probably aggregate into a larger panmictic population. However, values of population pairwise FST indicated moderate levels of genetic differentiation for one population. Eleven distinct mitochondrial haplotypes were found among 205 specimens of X. phytophagus, a relatively high number compared to the total number of 54 haplotypes that were recovered from hundreds of specimens of the entire cichlid species flock of Lake Victoria. Most of the X. phytophagus mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were absent from the main Lake Victoria, corroborating the putative importance of satellite lakes as refugia for haplochromine cichlids that went extinct from the main lake in the last decades and possibly during the Late Pleistocene desiccation of Lake Victoria.