Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Students’ motives for using online formative assessments when preparing for summative assessments

Background: Formative assessments intend to provide feedback on student performance in order to improve and accelerate learning. Several studies have indicated that students using online formative assessments (OFAs), have better results on their exams. Aims: The present study aims to provide insight in student reasons for using or not using available OFAs. Method: Three OFAs with feedback were available in a second year undergraduate course in physiology for biomedical sciences students (N = 147). First, students received an open questionnaire about why they did (not) complete the first two OFAs. Based on this data, a closed questionnaire was developed and distributed among students. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied. Results: The results indicate reasons why students do (not) use the OFAs. The EFA for using the OFAs indicated three factors, that were interpreted as collecting (1) feed up, (2) feed forward, and (3) feed back information. The main reasons for not using the OFAs were lack of time and having completed the questions before. Conclusions: Students’ reasons for using OFAs can be described in terms of collecting feed up, forward and back information and students’ reasons for not using OFAs can be student-, teacher-, or mode-related.
Thermodynamic Selection of Steric Zipper Patterns in the Amyloid Cross-β Spine

At the core of amyloid fibrils is the cross-β spine, a long tape of β-sheets formed by the constituent proteins. Recent high-resolution x-ray studies show that the unit of this filamentous structure is a β-sheet bilayer with side chains within the bilayer forming a tightly interdigitating “steric zipper” interface. However, for a given peptide, different bilayer patterns are possible, and no quantitative explanation exists regarding which pattern is selected or under what condition there can be more than one pattern observed, exhibiting molecular polymorphism. We address the structural selection mechanism by performing molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the free energy of incorporating a peptide monomer into a β-sheet bilayer. We test filaments formed by several types of peptides including GNNQQNY, NNQQ, VEALYL, KLVFFAE and STVIIE, and find that the patterns with the lowest binding free energy correspond to available atomistic structures with high accuracy. Molecular polymorphism, as exhibited by NNQQ, is likely because there are more than one most stable structures whose binding free energies differ by less than the thermal energy. Detailed analysis of individual energy terms reveals that these short peptides are not strained nor do they lose much conformational entropy upon incorporating into a β-sheet bilayer. The selection of a bilayer pattern is determined mainly by the van der Waals and hydrophobic forces as a quantitative measure of shape complementarity among side chains between the β-sheets. The requirement for self-complementary steric zipper formation supports that amyloid fibrils form more easily among similar or same sequences, and it also makes parallel β-sheets generally preferred over anti-parallel ones. But the presence of charged side chains appears to kinetically drive anti-parallel β-sheets to form at early stages of assembly, after which the bilayer formation is likely driven by energetics.
Computer-Mediated Communication in Personal Relationships

This is the first collection of readings on computer-mediated communication focusing exclusively on interpersonal interactions. Examining messages exchanged via email, Twitter, Facebook, websites, and blogs, the authors analyze communication issues of ongoing importance in relationships including deception, disclosure, identity, influence, perception, privacy, sexual fidelity, and social support. This book examines subjects that attract intense student interestincluding online performance of gender, online dating, and using computer-mediated communication to achieve family/work life balanceand will inspire further research and course development in the area of computer-mediated communication in personal relationships. Because it provides a synthesis of ideas at the nexus of interpersonal communication theory and computer-mediated communication theory, the book can serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduate as well as graduate courses.
Controls on ecosystem and root respiration across a permafrost and wetland gradient in interior Alaska

Permafrost is common to many northern wetlands given the insulation of thick organic soil layers, although soil saturation in wetlands can lead to warmer soils and increased thaw depth. We analyzed five years of soil CO2 fluxes along a wetland gradient that varied in permafrost and soil moisture conditions. We predicted that communities with permafrost would have reduced ecosystem respiration (ER) but greater temperature sensitivity than communities without permafrost. These predictions were partially supported. The colder communities underlain by shallow permafrost had lower ecosystem respiration (ER) than communities with greater active layer thickness. However, the apparent Q10 of monthly averaged ER was similar in most of the vegetation communities except the rich fen, which had smaller Q10 values. Across the gradient there was a negative relationship between water table position and apparent Q10, showing that ER was more temperature sensitive under drier soil conditions. We explored whether root respiration could account for differences in ER between two adjacent communities (sedge marsh and rich fen), which corresponded to the highest and lowest ER, respectively. Despite differences in root respiration rates, roots contributed equally (∼40%) to ER in both communities. Also, despite similar plant biomass, ER in the rich fen was positively related to root biomass, while ER in the sedge marsh appeared to be related more to vascular green area. Our results suggest that ER across this wetland gradient was temperature-limited, until conditions became so wet that respiration became oxygen-limited and influenced less by temperature. But even in sites with similar hydrology and thaw depth, ER varied significantly likely based on factors such as soil redox status and vegetation composition.
rgf Encodes a Novel Two-Component Signal Transduction System of Streptococcus agalactiae

ABSTRACT The adhesion of gram-positive bacteria to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is regarded as an important determinant of pathogenicity. A comparison of the adhesion of Streptococcus agalactiae strain O90R to different ECM proteins showed that the most pronounced binding could be observed for immobilized fibrinogen. To investigate the genetic determinants of S. agalactiae fibrinogen binding, a pGhost9:ISS1 mutant library was screened for mutants displaying reduced agglutination of fibrinogen-coated latex beads. A putative two-component signal transduction system was identified and designated rgfBDAC. It comprises genes encoding a putative response regulator of 218 amino acids and a putative histidine kinase of 426 amino acids. Comparison of the deduced proteins with the GenBank database revealed a significant similarity to quorum-sensing systems of gram-positive pathogens. Transcription analysis of the rgf locus showed that the encoding genes are located on one transcript. To further characterize the influence of the putative histidine kinase encoded in the rgf locus on the adhesion of S. agalactiae to immobilized fibrinogen, a targeted mutant of rgfC was generated. In comparison to the wild-type strain this mutant demonstrated altered fibrinogen binding capacities depending on bacterial cell density. Transcription analysis of secreted and surface-localized S. agalactiae proteins in the wild type and the rgfC mutant strain revealed that mRNA levels of the C5a peptidase gene scpB were increased in the mutant strain while the transcription of the secreted CAMP factor gene cfb was unaffected by this mutation. Based on these results, we hypothesize that rgf regulates the expression of bacterial cell surface components.
The Impact of Ethnicity on Executive Functioning in Youth

Executive function can be defined as a group of processes that guide and direct cognitive functions (Isquith, Roth & Gioia, 2013). Relatively little is known about executive function in ethnic minority children. This dissertation examined whether ethnicity predicts performance and parent rating scores on three executive function processes. To date, no study has teased apart the effects of ethnic minority status and its confounding variables in executive function. A total of 134 Caucasian and African American youth between the ages of 11-17 were included in the study. Of those 134 youth, 116 had complete data (both performance-based scores and rating scales) and 18 had rating scales only and no performance-based scores. Results of the current study demonstrate that ethnicity does not predict performance scores or parent-report scores on any executive function after controlling for age, gender, comorbidity, diagnosis, and socioeconomic status. Comorbidity, or number of diagnoses was a significant predictor of performance scores and parent-report scores. Finally, socioeconomic status and age moderated the relationship between rating scales and performancebased measures, with youth over the age of 13 and youth of higher socioeconomic status reporting significantly fewer executive function deficits regardless of their scores on performance-based measures. Executive functions are an integral part of success across settings. There is a continued need to identify variables that impact executive functions in order to implement appropriate interventions.
Outcome from critical care in the "oldest old" trauma patients.

This study evaluated the "oldest old" Intensive Care Unit (ICU) trauma patients, defined as patients of age 75 and over, to determine the relationships between age, injury magnitude, physiologic severity of illness, and outcome in this group, compared with younger trauma patients. Of 1,039 consecutive Surgical ICU (SICU) patients with complete data, 45 were in the Oldest group, 54 were in the Elderly group (ages 65 to 74), and 940 were in the Younger group (age < 65). Age, sex, and type of trauma (penetrating versus blunt) did not predict outcome. The Injury Severity Score (ISS) was significantly higher in the Oldest group than in the other groups (p = 0.0005), but the Trauma Score was the same for all groups. The proportion of Oldest group patients with ISS > or = 20 was significantly higher than for Elderly and Younger group patients (p = 0.0002 and p < 0.00005, respectively). The Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) on the first SICU day was the best outcome predictor for all age groups, along with maximum SAPS during the SICU stay (p < 0.00005 for both). When patients were stratified by ISS, there was a statistically significant difference in day 1 SAPS among age groups for most ISS categories, with higher SAPS associated with advancing age. The oldest old fare worse with trauma because their injury is more severe (higher ISS) and because their physiologic response to a given level of injury is exaggerated (higher SAPS). However, once the oldest old are stratified by SAPS, their outcome parallels that of their younger trauma cohorts. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Approaching Success Or Avoiding Failure? Approach and Avoidance Motives in the Work Domain

In our set of studies, we extended research on approach and avoidance motivations by investigating (i) motives in a work setting, (ii) interactions among approach and avoidance motives, and (iii) motives at implicit levels. Results of Studies 1 through 3 provided support for the construct validity of our work motives measure by demonstrating that approach and avoidance work motives are markers of more general approach and avoidance temperaments, they are distinct from other individual difference variables commonly studied by organisational psychologists (e.g. conscientiousness, regulatory focus and cognitive ability) and they are stable over time. In Studies 4 through 7, we confirmed our predictions that approach and avoidance motives predict employees’ goal orientations, job appraisals and attitudes (e.g. job satisfaction and perceived support) and supervisor–rated job behaviours (e.g. task performance and citizenship behaviour). Importantly, we provide the first empirical evidence that approach and avoidance motives interact to predict task performance and that the motives operate at implicit levels. Copyright © 2012 European Association of Personality Psychology
Management of arrhythmias in patients with a tetralogy of Fallot

Abstract Although arrhythmias are commonly found in patients with all different types of congenital heart disease, perhaps no patient is at higher risk of late development of arrhythmias that may result in sudden death than in the patient following tetralogy of Fallot repair. Despite major improvement in the surgical repair of this disease, a significant percentage of these patients continue to remain at risk for the late development of arrhythmias, and a small percentage will develop life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden death. Which patients remain at highest risk is still not clearly delineated. Diligent arrhythmia surveillance and aggressive treatment strategies are necessary to minimise this risk. This article highlights important strategies to manage arrhythmia development and prevention in this patient population.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN HARAPAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN EFIKASI DIRI AKADEMIK

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan harapan terhadap peningkatan efikasi diri akademik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain eksperimen nonrandomized pretest-posttest control group design. Karakteristik subjek dalam penelitian yaitu siswa kelas VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Semarang dan bersedia mengikuti program pelatihan harapan secara lengkap. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 40 siswa yang terdiri dari 20 siswa kelompok eksperimen dan 20 siswa kelompok kontrol. Manipulasi perlakuan yang diberikan kepada kelompok eksperimen berupa pelatihan harapan yang dilakukan dalam tiga kali pertemuan. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Skala Efikasi Diri Akademik yang disusun dari tiga dimensi yaitu level, generality, dan strength. Hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan Paired Sample T-Test menunjukkan peningkatan skor efikasi diri akademik dengan nilai p < 0,05. Artinya ada peningkatan efikasi diri akademik sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan Independent Sample T-Test menunjukkan nilai p < 0,05. Artinya, terdapat perbedaan antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol setelah perlakuan diberikan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan pada pelatihan harapan terhadap peningkatan efikasi diri akademik.
The motor column and sensory projections of the branchial cranial nerves in the frog

Motor nuclei and primary afferent projections of branchial cranial nerves were shown with the CoCl2 staining technique. Motor nuclei constitute a discontinuous column at the ventrolateral margin of the gray matter. The size of motoneurons decreases in the orocaudal direction within the column. The dendrites assemble in two main directions forming a dorsomedial and a ventrolateral dendritic array. The axons originate in the ventrolateral dendrites and run straight to the motor roots. Preganglionic vegetative neurons were found in a separate group at the level of the abducens nucleus, and intermingled with motoneurons at the level of the glossopharyngeus and vagus nuclei. Their axons join the visceral sensory roots of the respective nerve.
Management of Infectious Processes of the Pleural Space: A Review

Pleural effusions can present in 40% of patients with pneumonia. Presence of an effusion can complicate the diagnosis as well as the management of infection in lungs and pleural space. There has been an increase in the morbidity and mortality associated with parapneumonic effusions and empyema. This calls for employment of advanced treatment modalities and development of a standardized protocol to manage pleural sepsis early. There has been an increased understanding about the indications and appropriate usage of procedural options at clinicians' disposal.
Challenges of Meeting Cow Demands for Omega Fatty Acids

Fatty acids are chains of carbons that end in an acid group, or carboxyl group as it is referred to in biochemistry. Fatty acids vary in the length of the fatty acid chain and the number of double bonds. It is common to abbreviate fatty acids by listing the number of carbons in the chain:number of double bonds (Table 1). An example of a common fatty acid is stearic acid with 18 carbons and no double bonds, or C18:0. Fatty acids, such as stearic acid, are referred to as saturated because all the carbons are holding the maximum number of hydrogens possible, or the fatty acid is “saturated” with hydrogen. Stearic acid is low in plant oils, but present in higher amounts in animal fats, particularly in fats obtained from ruminant species such as beef tallow.
A new REBO potential based atomistic structural model for graphene sheets

A new atomistic structural model is developed here for graphene sheets based on the stiffnesses from the REBO potential. Using this model, the flexural vibration natural frequencies and buckling loads of rectangular single-layer graphene sheets of different sizes, chiralities and boundary conditions are calculated. The newly developed atomistic structural model is verified by comparing the calculated fundamental natural frequencies for small-sized graphene sheets with those obtained from ab initio density functional theory (DFT) frequency analysis. The vibration and buckling analysis results are also compared with those of an earlier atomistic structural model based on the AMBER potential as well as the equivalent continuum model for graphene sheets. Through this study, it is observed that graphene sheets display very slight anisotropic characteristics in flexural vibration and buckling. Also, it is shown that the atomistic structural model cannot be replaced by a classical equivalent continuum model such as a plate model. Most significantly, we verify that the new atomistic structural model based on the REBO potential predicts more accurate natural frequencies and buckling loads for graphene sheets, which are considerably lower than those predicted by the earlier atomistic structural model based on the AMBER potential.
Test-Retest Stability of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

Eighty-seven normal older persons were administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) on two occasions an average of 1.1 years apart. Means for age and education were 68.79 years (SD = 6.21) and 14.80 years (SD = 2.42), respectively. Stability coefficients ranged from . 12 on the Learning to Learn scale to . 66 for the Total Number of Errors scale. The majority of individuals improved on retest with five WCST scores demonstrating significant average retest gains of 5 to 7 standard score points. The standard error of prediction, standard error of difference, and abnormal test-retest discrepancy scores were calculated to assist clinicians in detecting possible meaningful changes in WCST scores on retest.
Research Issues and Needs regarding Teacher use of Classroom Management Strategies

In this paper research is identified that supports the use of specific classroom management strategies in classrooms for children with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). Information is presented that indicates that these strategies may not be implemented or may not be effectively implemented by the teachers of students with EBD. It is suggested that classroom management strategies, as tested in experimental studies, may not match the needs and resources in actual classrooms for students with EBD. Issues of determining which strategies and how they are used in classrooms, as well as matching proven strategies to classroom needs and measures of intervention fidelity, are targeted as primary areas in need of research.
Examination of the Predictive Validity of Preschool Early Literacy Skills

The predictive validity of early literacy skills of children among preschool is relatively unknown. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to provide this examination. From a sample of preschoolers, longitudinal data were available for 143 of the children in kindergarten and for 116 of them through the end of first grade. Preschool children were assessed in the fall, winter, and spring with Early Literacy Individual Growth and Development Indicators (EL-IGDIs). In the fall, winter, and spring of kindergarten, literacy skills were assessed and curriculum-based measurement data in reading were collected in the spring of kindergarten and first grade. Results showed significant increases in mean ELIGDI scores. In most instances, preschool administrations of the EL-IGDIs were moderately correlated with kindergarten measures of alphabetic principle and phonological awareness. Preschool EL-IGDIs were found to be significantly predictive of later outcomes in oral reading fluency both at the end of kindergarten and at the end of first grade. The diagnostic utility of these measures was found to be strong. Implications for practice are discussed.
The Valuation of Plurilingual Competences in an Open European Labour Market

We present a model allowing the measurement of the returns to plurilingual competences in a small open economy, considered as a reduced model of an open European labour market where different nationalities work together and therefore need to communicate either in one or in multiple languages. Our results suggest that high plurilingual competences have a positive impact on the probability to be active in the labour market for men as well as for women and the same competences also have an impact on wages, at least for men. But if we now consider the individual languages, the English language seems to be the most important, as it is the only language having an influence both on the participation rate and on the return of language competences in the labour market.