Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Role of Emotions as Mediators of Consumer Responses to Advertising

This article pursues the emerging interest in emotional aspects of consumer behavior, advocates a broadened view of consumption-related emotions, and focuses on the role of emotions in mediating the effects of advertising. Specifically, it proposes an approach that examines the manner in which intervening emotional reactions mediate the relationship between advertising content and attitudes toward the ad or brand. An illustrative application of this approach demonstrates its usefulness in assessing the role of emotions as mediators of consumer responses to advertising.
Pleasure in decision‐making situations: politics and gambling

This work investigates whether pleasure influences political and gambling decisions. Participants received two questionnaires. On Questionnaire 1, they rated the pleasure/displeasure of a series of items: social and political issues in Experiment 1, winning bets in Experiment 2, and losing bets in Experiment 3. On Questionnaire 2, they indicated the items that they would actually choose in real life. Their choices were then compared with their hedonic ratings on Questionnaire 1. Results showed that participants tended to choose those items they had most highly rated for pleasure on Questionnaire 1. In all cases, the selected outcomes were higher than chance, and thus tended to maximize pleasure, but were significantly lower than the maximum possible, indicating the presence of non‐hedonic criteria. The tendency to maximize pleasure was independent of age, gender, political opinions, and gambling propensity in real life. The results of all three experiments support the hypothesis that decisions are made predominantly, though not exclusively, in the hedonic dimension of conscious experience. A fourth experiment was set to answer a methodological question: a delay of 77 ± 3 days was placed between Questionnaires 1 and 2. The results were similar to those of Experiments 1–3, thus answering the concern.
Learning and knowledge as interrelations between CoPs and NoPs

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to investigate the characteristics and interrelations between informal communities of practice and formal networks of practice and its consequences for learning and new knowledge at work. Design/methodology/approach – A case study was conducted in a Norwegian bank using qualitative explorative studies and in-depth interviews with financial advisers and their leaders. Findings – The findings demonstrate that in the absence of integration efforts via a network of practice, multiple communities of practice to ensure knowledge flow is not enough. By the same token, it is possible for new knowledge to be accepted where a community of practice functions cohesively in a singular form in close interrelation with network of practices, but only when both communities of practice and network of practices are supported by a participatory leader. Research limitations/implications – The total of 30 in-depth interviews might call for further studies. Also, studying a Norway bank alli.
Bilirubin is an effective antioxidant of peroxynitrite-mediated protein oxidation in human blood plasma.

Bilirubin is a bile pigment that may have an important role as an antioxidant. Its antioxidant potential is attributed mainly to the scavenging of peroxyl radicals. We investigated the reaction of bilirubin with peroxynitrite in phosphate buffer and in blood plasma. In phosphate buffer bilirubin was rapidly oxidized by micromolar concentrations of peroxynitrite, and its oxidation yield was higher at alkaline pH with an apparent pKa = 6.9. In contrast, the major oxidation product of bilirubin in plasma was biliverdin, and the pH profile of its oxidation yield showed a slightly increased oxidation at acidic pH without a clear inflection point. The addition of NaHCO3 to bilirubin decreased the peroxynitrite-dependent oxidation, suggesting that the reactive intermediates formed in the reaction between CO2 and peroxynitrite are less efficient oxidants of bilirubin. The antioxidant role of bilirubin was investigated in some peroxynitrite-mediated plasma protein modifications that are enhanced by CO2 (tryptophan oxidation and protein tyrosine nitration) or slightly decreased by CO2 (protein carbonyl groups). Bilirubin in the micromolar concentration range afforded a significant protection against all these oxidative modifications and, notably, protected plasma proteins even when the pigment was added 5 s after peroxynitrite (i.e., when peroxynitrite is completely decomposed). The loss of tryptophan fluorescence triggered by peroxynitrite was a relatively slow process fulfilled only after a few minutes. After this time, bilirubin was unable to reduce the tryptophan loss, and it was unable to reduce previously formed nitrated albumin or previously formed carbonyls. We deduce that bilirubin in plasma cannot react to a significant extent with peroxynitrite, and we suggest that bilirubin, through a hydrogen donation mechanism, participates as a scavenger of secondary oxidants formed in the oxidative process.
Ionizing radiation enhances IL-6 and IL-8 production by human endothelial cells

Irradiation exposure is known to induce an inflammatory reaction. Endothelial cells play a crucial role both in the inflammatory process and in radiation damage. Therefore, supernatants and cell lysates of 60Co-irradiated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) have been assessed for the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. After gamma irradiation, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α remained undetectable in both cell supernatants and cell lysates. However, a dose-dependent increase in the production of IL-6 and IL-8 has been demonstrated up to 6 days after exposure. These data indicate that the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 may be involved in the inflammatory response of vascular endothelium induced by exposure to ionizing radiation.
Changing Places: A Study of Chinese Students in the UK

Abstract This article explores the way tertiary level Chinese students in the UK adapt, in varying degrees, to their new learning and living environment. A questionnaire and interview study that includes both Chinese students and their British teachers attempts to ascertain key issues with a view to helping sojourning students adapt to their environment, and to guiding teachers in offering them a more appropriate learning experience. The need for mutuality of understanding and action is stressed. Evidence from both interviews and the questionnaire survey suggests that, personal, pedagogical and psychological factors are equally important in influencing the intercultural adaptation process and outcomes. Early results show that despite various intercultural challenges and struggles, most students have managed to survive the demands of the learning and living environment, and to adapt and develop.
When the CRC and TCP checksum disagree

Traces of Internet packets from the past two years show that between 1 packet in 1,100 and 1 packet in 32,000 fails the TCP checksum, even on links where link-level CRCs should catch all but 1 in 4 billion errors. For certain situations, the rate of checksum failures can be even higher: in one hour-long test we observed a checksum failure of 1 packet in 400. We investigate why so many errors are observed, when link-level CRCs should catch nearly all of them. We have collected nearly 500,000 packets which failed the TCP or UDP or IP checksum. This dataset shows the Internet has a wide variety of error sources which can not be detected by link-level checks. We describe analysis tools that have identified nearly 100 different error patterns. Categorizing packet errors, we can infer likely causes which explain roughly half the observed errors. The causes span the entire spectrum of a network stack, from memory errors to bugs in TCP. After an analysis we conclude that the checksum will fail to detect errors for roughly 1 in 16 million to 10 billion packets. From our analysis of the cause of errors, we propose simple changes to several protocols which will decrease the rate of undetected error. Even so, the highly non-random distribution of errors strongly suggests some applications should employ application-level checksums or equivalents.
Coordenação motora fina de escolares com dislexia e transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade

OBJETIVOS: descrever e comparar o desempenho da coordenacao motora fina em escolares com dislexia e com transtorno do deficit de atencao e hiperatividade utilizando parâmetros de desempenho motor e idade cronologica da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor. METODO: participaram 22 escolaresdo ensino fundamental, de ambos os generos, na faixa etaria de 6 a 11 anos de idade distribuidos em: GI: 11 escolares com transtorno do deficit de atencao e hiperatividade e GII: 11 com dislexia. Como procedimento, provas de motricidade fina da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor foram aplicadas. RESULTADOS: os resultados revelaram diferenca estatisticamente significante entre a idade motora fina e a idade cronologica de GI e GII. Conforme a classificacao da Escala do Desenvolvimento Motor, 90% dos escolares de GI e GII apresentaram desenvolvimento motor fino muito inferior ao esperado para a idade e 10% dos escolares com dislexia apresentam desenvolvimento normal baixo ao esperado para a idade e 10% dos escolares com transtorno do deficit de atencao e hiperatividade apresentaram desenvolvimento inferior ao esperado para a idade. CONCLUSAO: concluimos que tanto os escolares com dislexia como os com TDAH deste estudo apresentam atrasos na coordenacao motora fina, demonstrando que os participantes desta pesquisa apresentam dificuldades em atividades que exijam destreza, quadro caracteristico do transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenacao. Estudos complementares estao sendo conduzidos pelos autores deste estudo para poder verificar e comprovar se o perfil motor fino dos escolares encontrados neste estudo se assemelham ou se diferem de acordo com o quadro apresentado pelos mesmos.
CLASSIFICATION OF LANDSCAPES USING QUANTITATIVE AND CATEGORICAL DATA, AND PREDICTION OF THEIR SCENIC BEAUTY IN NORTH-WESTERN SPAIN

Abstract The present study approaches the environmental assessment of landscapes in two steps: first, through the determination of the relevant characteristics that influence the perception of a sample of galician landscapes, in north-western spain, using both quantitative data and categorical data; and second, by obtaining a list of predictors of scenic beauty for a sample of landscapes. Predictors were related to two of the most fertile approaches to landscape assessment: the psychophysical and cognitive paradigms, the latter including five different models to explain landscape preference. Our results support the existence of a classification criteria that is common to most subjects. The criteria followed by subjects to derive this classification were: presence/absence of water, artificiality of landscape, powerfulness of landscape, and human presence in the landscape. With respect to assessment of scenic beauty, our results showed that both the psychophysical and the cognitive paradigm were able to explain to a high degree the preference scores. The relationships found between predictors from both paradigms indicate that it would be possible to integrate them into a more general model of landscape assessment.
Nitrate resistance in platelets from patients with stable angina pectoris.

BACKGROUND Hemodynamic resistance to nitrates has been previously documented in congestive heart failure. In patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), we have observed a similar phenomenon: decreased platelet response to disaggregating effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). METHODS AND RESULTS In blood samples from normal subjects (n=32) and patients with SAP (n=56), we studied effects of NO donors (NTG and SNP) on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and on intraplatelet cGMP. NTG and SNP inhibited platelet aggregation in patients to lesser extents than in normal subjects (P<0.01). The cGMP-elevating efficacy of NTG and SNP was diminished in platelets from patients in comparison with those from normals (P<0.001). Inhibition of the anti-aggregatory effects of NTG and SNP by ODQ, a selective inhibitor of NO-stimulated guanylate cyclase, was significantly less pronounced in patients than in normal subjects. Content of O2- was higher in blood samples from patients than in those from normal subjects (P<0. 01). In blood samples from patients with SAP, but not in normal subjects, the O2- scavenger superoxide dismutase (combined with catalase) suppressed platelet aggregation (P<0.01) and increased the extent of anti-aggregatory effect of SNP (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In patients with SAP, platelets are less responsive to the anti-aggregating and cGMP-stimulating effects of NO donors; this may reflect both reduction in guanylate cyclase sensitivity to NO and inactivation of the released NO by O2-. The implied impairment of anti-platelet efficacy of endogenous NO (in the form of EDRF) may contribute to platelet hyperaggregability associated with angina pectoris.
An Experimental Examination of Biological Sex as a Status Cue in Decision-Making Groups and Its Influence on Information Use

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of biological sex as a nonverbal indicator of status on the use of information in a decision-making group. Drawing on status characteristics theory, this article posits that the sex of the group member who introduces a piece of information into discussion affects the likelihood of the information's use in making a decision. More specifically, the author hypothesizes that information introduced by males has a higher probability of use than information introduced by females. The results of the statistical analyses support the hypothesis. Furthermore, if the information is known to all members of the group before discussion, the sex of the group member who introduces it in the discussion has less impact on its use than if the information is unique to one member
Coherence in professional education: does it foster dedication and identification?

This article examines the impact of professional education on students' dedication to and identification with a profession. The premise is that professional education is not only about knowledge acquisition and reasoning but also about attitudes and aspirations. In fostering dedication and identification, students' experiences of relevance seem to be important. The concept of coherence seen as an expression of relevance is introduced and measured by four kinds of interactions: Theory–practice interaction, teacher–student interaction, peer interaction and supervisor–student interaction. Analysis indicates that coherence, particularly as theory–practice interaction, peer interaction and supervisor–student interaction, has a significant impact on dedication to and identification with a profession. Longitudinal survey data – collected from students in colleges for teaching, nursing and social work – are analysed.
Pedestrian Conspicuity at Night: Failure to Observe a Biological Motion Advantage in a High-clutter Environment

Using recent accident data to simulate a common collision environment, a 10-minute car journey was filmed in which a moving or stationary pedestrian wearing one of two types of retroreflective clothing appeared in an environment with high visual clutter. It was hypothesized that moving pedestrians would be detected at greater distances when wearing retroreflective aids in biological motion configuration (‘biomotion’ clothing), but not when wearing a standard retroreflective vest. Participants viewed films of the journey, pressed a button when they detected the pedestrian and rated the difficulty of the task. Biomotion clothing did not significantly increase detection distance for either moving or stationary pedestrians compared to the vest. However, moving pedestrians were detected significantly further away than stationary pedestrians with both clothings. The results do not support the hypothesis that biological motion clothing affords recognition at greater distances than standard conspicuity aids in environments with high visual clutter. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Child giftedness and its role in the parental mediation of television viewing

This study investigated the role of intellectual giftedness in influencing parents’ perceptions and mediation of the television/child relationship. Three hundred sixty‐four gifted children and their parents and 386 traditional children and their parents comprise the sample. Findings suggest that intellectual giftedness and, to a lesser degree, the quantity of children's television consumption, influence parents’ perceptions of the possible impact of television on their children and the type of mediation strategies they employ. The level of parental mediation remained unaffected.
Coping With Systems Risk: Security Planning Models for Management Decision Making

The likelihood that the firm's information systems are insufficiently protected against certain kinds of damage or loss is known as "systems risk. " Risk can be managed or reduced when managers are aware of the full range of controls available and implement the most effective controls. Unfortunately, they often lack this knowledge, and their subsequent actions to cope with systems risk are less effective than they might otherwise be. This is one viable explanation for why losses from computer abuse and computer disasters today are uncomfortably large and still so potentially devastating after many years of attempting to deal with the problem. Results of comparative qualitative studies in two information services Fortune 500 firms identify an approach that can effectively deal with the problem. This theory-based security program includes (1) use of a security risk planning model, (2) education/training in security awareness, and (3) Countermeasure Matrix analysis.
A Lattice-Based Compress-and-Forward Strategy for Gaussian Two-Way Relay Channel With Direct Links

In this letter, the Gaussian two-way relay channel with direct links is investigated in which two users aim at exchanging their messages with the help of a relay node. We propose a new lattice-based compress-and-forward strategy and obtain its achievable rate-region. We show that the proposed scheme is superior to all previously known achievable schemes for channel gains larger than one. In particular, under the symmetric case, the proposed scheme is able to achieve a capacity region within 0.5 bit or (1/2) log3 ≅ 0.79 bit, depending on the power of the relay.
The Relationship Between Adolescent Alcohol Use and Delinquent and Violent Behaviors

ABSTRACT Longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between alcohol use, psychological risk (as measured by four MMPI-A scales), and delinquent and violent behaviors were analyzed using self-reported data from eighth and ninth grade students from a rural and small town population. Alcohol use and acknowledgement of alcohol and drug-related problems were statistically associated with delinquent and violent behaviors, even after adjusting for personality and behavioral risk. These results suggest that alcohol use is an independent risk factor for delinquent and violent behaviors among young people. Violence prevention efforts among adolescents, therefore, should recognize and address alcohol use. Alcohol use prevention efforts among adolescents should evaluate the effects of reducing alcohol use on subsequent violent behaviors.
Complications During the Rehabilitation Period in Thai Patients with Stroke: A Multicenter Prospective Study

Kuptniratsaikul V, Kovindha A, Suethanapornkul S, Manimmanakorn N, Archongka Y: Complications during the rehabilitation period in Thai patients with stroke: a multicenter prospective study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2009;88:92–99. Objective:To examine the frequency and types of complications in patients with stroke. Design:A multicenter, prospective cohort study was performed in 327 patients with stroke (134 women, 193 men), who attended inpatient rehabilitation in nine centers. The frequency and severity of consequences and complications related to strokes were monitored weekly. In addition, correlations with stroke-related complications were analyzed. Results:At least one complication after a stroke was found in 232 (71.0%) patients. The mean age was 62 (±12) yrs, and 59% were men. Shoulder subluxation was found in 37.3% with mild to moderate degree. Limb spasticity was presented in 41.6%, and almost all were a severity grade of less than 3 on the Modified Ashworth Scale. The common complications were musculoskeletal pain (32.4%), bowel/bladder dysfunction (31.5%), infection (16.5%), depression (13.8%), and anxiety (5.8%). Symptomatic urinary tract infection was found in 35 (10.7%) patients. Urinary incontinence was the most common among bowel/bladder problems (24.5%). Time since onset of stroke ≥1 mo (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07–4.17), length of stay >21 days (adjusted OR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.26–4.43), and anxiety score at admission ≥11 (adjusted OR = 6.87; 95% CI = 2.45–19.29) were statistically associated with stroke-related complications. Conclusions:Medical complications were common among patients with stroke who had been hospitalized longer, during inpatient rehabilitation and among those who had high anxiety scores.
A longitudinal study of peer and teacher influences on prosocial and antisocial behavior of Hong Kong Chinese adolescents

The influences of peers and teachers on the prosocial and antisocial behavior of 56 Hong Kong Chinese adolescents were investigated over a two-year period (Time 1 and Time 2). Results indicated that (i) a significant decrease in teacher influence occurred from Time 1 to Time 2 in subjects studying Grade 7 at Time 1; (ii) students who maintained a relatively high level of delinquent behavior from Time 1 to Time 2 demonstrated significantly higher peer influence than did those who maintained a relatively low level of delinquent behavior in the time interval; (iii) concurrent positive correlation was found between peer influence and delinquent behavior at Time 1 and Time 2; (iv) delinquent behavior at Time 1 was negatively correlated with teacher influence at Time 1; and (v) peer influence was negatively correlated with teacher influence at Time 1.
Autoimmune Vitiligo Does Not Require the Ongoing Priming of Naive CD8 T Cells for Disease Progression or Associated Protection against Melanoma

Vitiligo is a CD8 T cell–mediated autoimmune disease that has been shown to promote the longevity of memory T cell responses to melanoma. However, mechanisms whereby melanocyte/melanoma Ag-specific T cell responses are perpetuated in the context of vitiligo are not well understood. These studies investigate the possible phenomenon of naive T cell priming in hosts with melanoma-initiated, self-perpetuating, autoimmune vitiligo. Using naive pmel (gp10025–33–specific) transgenic CD8 T cells, we demonstrate that autoimmune melanocyte destruction induces naive T cell proliferation in skin-draining lymph nodes, in an Ag-dependent fashion. These pmel T cells upregulate expression of CD44, P-selectin ligand, and granzyme B. However, they do not downregulate CD62L, nor do they acquire the ability to produce IFN-γ, indicating a lack of functional priming. Accordingly, adult thymectomized mice exhibit no reduction in the severity or kinetics of depigmentation or long-lived protection against melanoma, indicating that the continual priming of naive T cells is not required for vitiligo or its associated antitumor immunity. Despite this, depletion of CD4 T cells during the course of vitiligo rescues the priming of naive pmel T cells that are capable of producing IFN-γ and persisting as memory, suggesting an ongoing and dominant mechanism of suppression by regulatory T cells. This work reveals the complex regulation of self-reactive CD8 T cells in vitiligo and demonstrates the overall poorly immunogenic nature of this autoimmune disease setting.