Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contribution of polymorphisms in genes associated with craniofacial development to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in the Brazilian population

Background and Objective: Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) is a complex disease associated with both genetic and environmental factors. One strategy for identifying of possible NSCL/P genetic causes is to evaluate polymorphic variants in genes involved in the craniofacial development. Design: We carried out a case-control analysis of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 9 genes related to craniofacial development, including TBX1, PVRL1, MID1, RUNX2, TP63, TGF? 3, MSX1, MYH9 and JAG2, in 367 patients with NSCL/P and 413 unaffected controls from Brazil to determine their association with NSCL/P. Results: Four out of 13 polymorphisms (rs28649236 and rs4819522 of TBX1, rs7940667 of PVRL1 and rs1057744 of JAG2) were presented in our population. Comparisons of allele and genotype frequencies revealed that the G variant allele and the AG/GG genotypes of TBX1 rs28649236 occurred in a frequency significantly higher in controls than in the NSCL/P group (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.25-0.67; p=0.0002). The frequencies of rs4819522, rs7940667 and rs1057744 minor alleles and genotypes were similar between control and NSCL/P group, without significant differences. No significant associations among cleft types and polymorphisms were observed. Conclusion: The study suggests for the first time evidences to an association of the G allele of TBX1 rs28649236 polymorphism and NSCL/P. Key words:Cleft lip, cleft palate, polymorphism, genetic.
A θ–γ Oscillation Code for Neuronal Coordination during Motor Behavior

Sequential motor behavior requires a progression of discrete preparation and execution states. However, the organization of state-dependent activity in neuronal ensembles of motor cortex is poorly understood. Here, we recorded neuronal spiking and local field potential activity from rat motor cortex during reward-motivated movement and observed robust behavioral state-dependent coordination between neuronal spiking, γ oscillations, and θ oscillations. Slow and fast γ oscillations appeared during distinct movement states and entrained neuronal firing. γ oscillations, in turn, were coupled to θ oscillations, and neurons encoding different behavioral states fired at distinct phases of θ in a highly layer-dependent manner. These findings indicate that θ and nested dual band γ oscillations serve as the temporal structure for the selection of a conserved set of functional channels in motor cortical layer activity during animal movement. Furthermore, these results also suggest that cross-frequency couplings between oscillatory neuronal ensemble activities are part of the general coding mechanism in cortex.
Functional Characterization of Intracellular Dictyostelium discoideum P2X Receptors

Indicative of cell surface P2X ion channel activation, extracellular ATP evokes a rapid and transient calcium influx in the model eukaryote Dictyostelium discoideum. Five P2X-like proteins (dP2XA–E) are present in this organism. However, their roles in purinergic signaling are unclear, because dP2XA proved to have an intracellular localization on the contractile vacuole where it is thought to be required for osmoregulation. To determine functional properties of the remaining four dP2X-like proteins and to assess their cellular roles, we recorded membrane currents from expressed cloned receptors and generated a quintuple knock-out Dictyostelium strain devoid of dP2X receptors. ATP evoked inward currents at dP2XB and dP2XE receptors but not at dP2XC or dP2XD. β,γ-Imido-ATP was more potent than ATP at dP2XB but a weak partial agonist at dP2XE. Currents in dP2XB and dP2XE were strongly inhibited by Na+ but insensitive to copper and the P2 receptor antagonists pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonic acid and suramin. Unusual for P2X channels, dP2XA and dP2XB were also Cl−-permeable. The extracellular purinergic response to ATP persisted in p2xA/B/C/D/E quintuple knock-out Dictyostelium demonstrating that dP2X channels are not responsible. dP2XB, -C, -D, and -E were found to be intracellularly localized to the contractile vacuole with the ligand binding domain facing the lumen. However, quintuple p2xA/B/C/D/E null cells were still capable of regulating cell volume in water demonstrating that, contrary to previous findings, dP2X receptors are not required for osmoregulation. Responses to the calmodulin antagonist calmidazolium, however, were reduced in p2xA/B/C/D/E null cells suggesting that dP2X receptors play a role in intracellular calcium signaling.
Intact brown adipose tissue thermogenesis is required for restorative sleep responses after sleep loss

Metabolic signals related to feeding and body temperature regulation have profound effects on vigilance. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a key effector organ in the regulation of metabolism in several species, including rats and mice. Significant amounts of active BAT are also present throughout adulthood in humans. The metabolic activity of BAT is due to the tissue‐specific presence of the uncoupling protein‐1 (UCP‐1). To test the involvement of BAT thermogenesis in sleep regulation, we investigated the effects of two sleep‐promoting stimuli in UCP‐1‐deficient mice. Sleep deprivation by gentle handling increased UCP‐1 mRNA expression in BAT and elicited rebound increases in non‐rapid‐eye‐movement sleep and rapid‐eye‐movement sleep accompanied by elevated slow‐wave activity of the electroencephalogram. The rebound sleep increases were significantly attenuated, by ~ 35–45%, in UCP‐1‐knockout (KO) mice. Wild‐type (WT) mice with capsaicin‐induced sensory denervation of the interscapular BAT pads showed similar impairments in restorative sleep responses after sleep deprivation, suggesting a role of neuronal sleep‐promoting signaling from the BAT. Exposure of WT mice to 35 °C ambient temperature for 5 days led to increased sleep and body temperature and suppressed feeding and energy expenditure. Sleep increases in the warm environment were significantly suppressed, by ~ 50%, in UCP‐1‐KO animals while their food intake and energy expenditure did not differ from those of the WTs. These results suggest that the metabolic activity of the BAT plays a role in generating a metabolic environment that is permissive for optimal sleep. Impaired BAT function may be a common underlying cause of sleep insufficiency and metabolic disorders.
Assessment of Target Organ Damage in the Evaluation and Follow‐Up of Hypertensive Patients: Where Do We Stand?

Hypertension is associated with damage to the heart, kidneys, and vascular tree. Assessment of target organ damage (TOD) allows better prediction of cardiovascular risk than conventional risk assessment. Regression of TOD during antihypertensive treatment, which depends on the blood pressure (BP) reduction and the specific ancillary properties of each drug, may indirectly indicate that BP is well controlled. It is unclear whether regression of TOD during treatment is associated with favorable outcome and should be used as a surrogate endpoint. There is evidence that regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and albuminuria are associated with a favorable outcome. However, recent studies cast doubts on this evidence. Thus, assessment of TOD is important to define cardiovascular risk, but, so far, regression of TOD cannot be regarded as a major surrogate therapeutic target. The present paper will provide a critical overview of the data available in the literature.
A Range Description for the Planar Circular Radon Transform

The transform considered in the paper integrates a function supported in the unit disk on the plane over all circles centered at the boundary of this disk. Such a circular Radon transform arises in several contemporary imaging techniques, as well as in other applications. As is common for transforms of Radon type, its range has infinite codimension in standard function spaces. Range descriptions for such transforms are known to be very important for computed tomography—for instance, when dealing with incomplete data, error correction, and other issues. A complete range description for the circular Radon transform is obtained. Range conditions include the recently found set of moment‐type conditions, which happens to be incomplete, as well as other conditions that have less standard form. In order to explain the procedure better, a similar (nonstandard) treatment of the range conditions is described first for the usual Radon transform on the plane.
Nonconventional interventions for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder: Ketamine, repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and alternative approaches

ABSTRACT It is alarming that only 59% of those who have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Many existing treatments, both pharmacological and nonpharmacological, do not directly target trauma memories that lay at the core of the PTSD pathogenesis. Notable exceptions are medications like ketamine and propranolol and trauma-focused psychotherapies like eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (developed by Shapiro) and Trauma Interventions using Mindfulness Based Extinction and Reconsolidation (TIMBER) for trauma memories (developed by Pradhan). Although the antidepressant effects of ketamine are no longer news, ketamine’s effects on treatment refractory PTSD (TR-PTSD) is a recent concept. As TR-PTSD has a marked public health burden and significant limitations in terms of treatment interventions, a thorough assessment of current strategies is required. Research to bring clarity to the underlying pathophysiology and neurobiology of TR-PTSD delineating the chemical, structural, and circuitry abnormalities will take time. In the interim, in the absence of a 1-size-fits-all therapeutic approach, pragmatically parallel lines of research can be pursued using the pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments that have a strong theoretical rationale for efficacy. This article aims to review the current literature on interventions for PTSD, most notably ketamine, trans-cranial magnetic stimulation treatment, yoga and mindfulness interventions, and TIMBER. We present an outline for their future use, alone as well as in combination, with a hope of providing additional insights as well as advocating for developing more effective therapeutic intervention for this treatment-resistant and debilitating condition.
Human S100A10 plays a crucial role in the acquisition of the endometrial receptivity phenotype

ABSTRACT In assisted reproduction, about 30% of embryo implantation failures are related to inadequate endometrial receptivity. To identify molecules involved in endometrial receptivity acquisition, we investigated, using a SELDI-TOF approach, the protein expression profile of early-secretory and mid-secretory endometrium samples. Among the proteins upregulated in mid-secretory endometrium, we investigated the function of S100A10 in endometrial receptivity and implantation process. S100A10 was expressed in epithelial and stromal cells of the endometrium of fertile patients during the implantation windows. Conversely, it was downregulated in the mid-secretory endometrium of infertile patients diagnosed as non-receptive. Transcriptome analysis of human endometrial epithelial and stromal cells where S100A10 was silenced by shRNA revealed the deregulation of 37 and 256 genes, respectively, related to components of the extracellular matrix and intercellular connections. Functional annotations of these deregulated genes highlighted alterations of the leukocyte extravasation signaling and angiogenesis pathways that play a crucial role during implantation. S100A10 silencing also affected the migration of primary endometrial epithelial and stromal cells, decidualization and secretory transformation of primary endometrial stromal cells and epithelial cells respectively, and promoted apoptosis in serum-starved endometrial epithelial cells. Our findings identify S100A10 as a player in endometrial receptivity acquisition.
Na2Ti3O7@N‐Doped Carbon Hollow Spheres for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Excellent Rate Performance

Uniform Na2Ti3O7 hollow spheres assembled from N‐doped carbon‐coated ultrathin nanosheets are synthesized. A unique multilayer structure of nanosheets is presumed to significantly reduce energy consumption during the diffusion process of sodium ions, while the carbon‐coated structure can increase the overall conductivity. The as‐prepared sample used as an anode in sodium‐ion batteries exhibits the best rate performance ever reported for Na2Ti3O7, delivering more than 60 mAh g−1 after 1000 continuous cycles at the high rate of 50 C, which was achieved due to its unique structure.
Workload Characterization of a Personalized Web Site — And Its Implications for Dynamic Content Caching

Requests for dynamic and personalized content increasingly dominate current-day Internet traffic; however, traditional caching architectures are not well-suited to cache such content. Several recently proposed techniques, which exploit reuse at the sub-document level, promise to address this shortcoming, but require a better understanding of the workloads seen on web sites that serve such content. In this paper, we study the characteristics of a medium-sized personalized web site, NYUHome, which is a customizable portal used by approximately 44,000 users from the New York University community. Our study leverages detailed server-side traces of client activity over a two-week period in February 2002, obtained by instrumenting the NYUHome server. The paper presents statistics on document composition, personalization behavior, server-side overheads, and client-perceived request latencies. We then use these statistics to derive general implications for efficient caching and edge generation of dynamic content in the context of our ongoing CONCA project. Our study verifies both the need for and likely benefit from caching content at sub-document granularity, and points to additional opportunities for reducing client-perceived latency using prefetching, access prediction, and content transcoding.
EFFECT OF THE OPERATING PRESSURE AND NOZZLE HEIGHT ON DROPLETPROPERTIES USING KNAPSACK SPRAYER

A field study was performed in the Agricultural Machines and Equipment Department, Agriculture College, Basrah University, to study the effect of the operating pressure and nozzle height on droplet properties reaching to the target using knapsack sprayer with a maximum capacity of 16l. A nozzle is mounted on the rod of sprayer. Three different operating pressures were tested in this study of 1, 1.7, 2 bar and three different nozzle heights of 50, 70, 90cm. Brilliant Sulpho-Flavinedye was used to measure mean droplet sizes, droplet densities, droplets number, and relative span factor deposited on white card papers. The spray properties were determined after spraying in field and then were analyzed using Image J software. The main results of the study showed asignificant effect of operating pressure and nozzle height on mean of the droplet diameter, droplet volume, droplets number, and relative span factor. Increasing the operating pressure from 1 to 2 bar for the some nozzle height led to decrease droplet diameter by 31.94 % and decrease in mean droplet volume by165.33%. The results also showed that increasing in nozzle height from 50cm to 90cm led to a decrease in the mean of the droplet size of 25.38% and decrease in droplets volume that reaching to the target by155.86%. The effect of the nozzle height on the spray droplet properties was more than that of increasing operating pressure.
Mild Performic Acid Oxidation Enhances Chromatographic and Top Down Mass Spectrometric Analyses of Histones*S

Recent developments in top down mass spectrometry have enabled closely related histone variants and their modified forms to be identified and quantitated with unprecedented precision, facilitating efforts to better understand how histones contribute to the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription and other nuclear processes. It is therefore crucial that intact MS profiles accurately reflect the levels of variants and modified forms present in a given cell type or cell state for the full benefit of such efforts to be realized. Here we show that partial oxidation of Met and Cys residues in histone samples prepared by conventional methods, together with oxidation that can accrue during storage or during chip-based automated nanoflow electrospray ionization, confounds MS analysis by altering the intact MS profile as well as hindering posttranslational modification localization after MS/MS. We also describe an optimized performic acid oxidation procedure that circumvents these problems without catalyzing additional oxidations or altering the levels of posttranslational modifications common in histones. MS and MS/MS of HeLa cell core histones confirmed that Met and Cys were the only residues oxidized and that complete oxidation restored true intact abundance ratios and significantly enhanced MS/MS data quality. This allowed for the unequivocal detection, at the intact molecule level, of novel combinatorially modified forms of H4 that would have been missed otherwise. Oxidation also enhanced the separation of human core histones by reverse phase chromatography and decreased the levels of salt-adducted forms observed in ESI-FTMS. This method represents a simple and easily automated means for enhancing the accuracy and sensitivity of top down analyses of combinatorially modified forms of histones that may also be of benefit for top down or bottom up analyses of other proteins.
DEMON: a local-first discovery method for overlapping communities

Community discovery in complex networks is an interesting problem with a number of applications, especially in the knowledge extraction task in social and information networks. However, many large networks often lack a particular community organization at a global level. In these cases, traditional graph partitioning algorithms fail to let the latent knowledge embedded in modular structure emerge, because they impose a top-down global view of a network. We propose here a simple local-first approach to community discovery, able to unveil the modular organization of real complex networks. This is achieved by democratically letting each node vote for the communities it sees surrounding it in its limited view of the global system, i.e. its ego neighborhood, using a label propagation algorithm; finally, the local communities are merged into a global collection. We tested this intuition against the state-of-the-art overlapping and non-overlapping community discovery methods, and found that our new method clearly outperforms the others in the quality of the obtained communities, evaluated by using the extracted communities to predict the metadata about the nodes of several real world networks. We also show how our method is deterministic, fully incremental, and has a limited time complexity, so that it can be used on web-scale real networks.
Holographic Description of AdS_2 Black Holes

We develop the holographic renormalization of AdS_2 gravity systematically. We find that a bulk Maxwell term necessitates a boundary mass term for the gauge field and verify that this unusual term is invariant under gauge transformations that preserve the boundary conditions. We determine the energy-momentum tensor and the central charge, recovering recent results by Hartman and Strominger. We show that our expressions are consistent with dimensional reduction of the AdS_3 energy-momentum tensor and the Brown--Henneaux central charge. As an application of our results we interpret the entropy of AdS_2 black holes as the ground state entropy of a dual CFT.
Nitric oxide and septic shock.

CASE REPORTS Case 1 A 23-year-old woman presented with a 2-week history of bruising and fever. She was diagnosed as having acute myelogenous leukemia. Three days after beginning chemotherapy, she became disoriented and hypotensive. Her platelet count was 60×10 9 /L, and her white blood cell count was 1.0×10 9 /L, with an absolute neutrophil count of 0.48×10 9 /L. She was resuscitated with 3 L of saline and she was given dopamine at 5 μg·kg -1 ·min -1 and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Her chest radiograph revealed diffuse interstitial-alveolar infiltrates. She required mechanical ventilation for progressive hypoxemia. Pulmonary and radial arterial catheters were inserted and the following hemodynamic parameters were obtained: blood pressure, 90/35 mm Hg; mean arterial pressure (MAP), 53 mm Hg; heart rate, 124 beats per minute; cardiac index, 7.8 L·min -1 ·m -2 ; central venous pressure (CVP), 12 mm Hg; pulmonary artery pressure, 42/28 mm Hg; pulmonary capillary
A comparison of neurocognitive functioning in children previously randomized to dexamethasone or prednisone in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

In previous clinical trials of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), dexamethasone resulted in higher event-free survival rates than prednisone, presumably due to greater central nervous system penetration. Dexamethasone's association with long-term neurocognitive toxicity is unknown. In this multisite study, we measured neurocognitive functioning in 92 children with standard-risk ALL, 1 to 9.99 years at diagnosis, at a mean of 9.8 years after randomization to prednisone (n = 41) or dexamethasone (n = 51) on Children's Cancer Group (CCG) 1922. No significant overall differences in mean neurocognitive and academic performance scores were found between the prednisone and dexamethasone groups after adjusting for age, sex, and time since diagnosis. The exception was that patients receiving dexamethasone scored one-third of a standard deviation worse on word reading (98.8 +/- 1.7 vs 104.9 +/- 1.8; P = .02). There were no group differences in the distribution of test scores or the parents' report of neurologic complications, psychotropic drug use, and special education. Further analyses suggested for the dexamethasone group, older age of diagnosis was associated with worse neurocognitive functioning; for the prednisone group, younger age at diagnosis was associated with worse functioning. In conclusion, our study did not demonstrate any meaningful differences in long-term cognitive functioning of childhood ALL patients based on corticosteroid randomization. This study is registered with http://www.clinicaltrials. gov under NCT00085176.
A performance study of cooperative awareness in ETSI ITS G5 and IEEE WAVE

The idea of wirelessly connected vehicles has long ceased to be a vision as researchers from both academic and industrial institutions and field operational tests all over the world are contributing to bringing this technology to life. Both ETSI and IEEE have been working on respective standards (ETSI ITS G5 in Europe, IEEE WAVE in North America) to enable this new application of wireless communication. In this paper we compare medium access in these systems by means of an extensive simulation study while focusing on the transmission of periodic safety messages on the control channel. We observe that for different reasons high node density scenarios appear to be critical for the overall performance of both systems. This includes end-to-end delay, packet error rates and a non-optimal channel utilization that leaves room for improvement. We find that the approach proposed by ETSI ITS G5 with Decentralized Congestion Control (DCC) may access the channel rather conservatively but still outperforms IEEE WAVE in most of the scenarios.