Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining Work Delay in Young Adults with Schizophrenia

Work delay as a dimension of work restoration in young adults with schizophrenia has not been explored with much frequency in the vocational rehabilitation literature; and it has never been explored and analyzed from the subjective experience of the person with the disorder. In this exploratory, mixed-method study of 20 first-episode young adults diagnosed with schizophrenia who returned to work, there were many dimensions to explore with in-depth interviews about the process of work re-engagement. However, it was a striking finding that the length of time to first job ranged from 1–65 months. There are several possible correlates in the literature to consider when looking at work delay. This study yielded qualitative themes that were mostly congruent with the literature and were split between illness-related factors (e.g., symptoms, medication side-effects) and non-illness-related factors (e.g., childcare, job training). In addition, messages from mental health professionals and families about returning to work and fears related to symptom return on the job were prominent themes in this study. Implications for psychosocial rehabilitation and career counseling interventions are discussed.
Superintendents' Assessment of Hispanic, Latino, and White Job Candidates for a High School Principalship: Effects of Cultural Subdivisions and Student Characteristics

Credentials of hypothetical standing principal candidates are assessed in a 3X2 completely crossed factorial design varying diversity of applicants (Hispanic, Latino, or White) and diversity of students (low vs. high Hispanic enrollments). Screening decisions of superintendents are assessed according to job-related criteria, probability of an interview invitation, and a likely initial salary offer and are analyzed by a stepdown ANOVA. Results indicate screening decisions of superintendents are influenced by characteristics of applicants as well as of students. Equally qualified applicants are perceived as being unequally qualified when screening decisions are viewed from a multidimensional theoretical framework and when screening is analyzed as a process rather than as an event.
Acculturation, Gender Role Orientation, and Reproductive Risk-Taking Behavior among Latina Adolescent Family Planning Clients

This article explores the influence of demographic, sociocultural, and risk proneness indicators on age at first intercourse, number of lifetime sexual partners, and number of pregnancies in a sample of 670 Latina adolescents age 14-19 recruited from two publicly funded familyplanning clinics. Acculturation accounted for a small but statisticallysignificant amount of the variation explained for all three reproductive behaviors. Being less acculturated was associated with older age at initiation of sexual intercourse, fewer lifetime sexual partners, and fewer pregnancies. Substance experimentation was associated with earlier sexual debut and more sexual partners but with fewer pregnancies. Gender role orientation was significant onlyfor age at first intercourse. More traditional young women were older at sexual debut. These results suggest that gender role orientation is important for delaying first intercourse, but once sexually active, acculturation and substance experimentation become more important influences on sexual risk taking among Latina adolescents.
pathChirp: Efficient available bandwidth estimation for network paths

This paper presents pathChirp, a new active probing tool for estimating the available bandwidth on a communication network path. Based on the concept of ''self-induced congestion,'' pathChirp features an exponential flight pattern of probes we call a chirp. Packet chips offer several significant advantages over current probing schemes based on packet pairs or packet trains. By rapidly increasing the probing rate within each chirp, pathChirp obtains a rich set of information from which to dynamically estimate the available bandwidth. Since it uses only packet interarrival times for estimation, pathChirp does not require synchronous nor highly stable clocks at the sender and receiver. We test pathChirp with simulations and Internet experiments and find that it provides good estimates of the available bandwidth while using only a fraction of the number of probe bytes that current state-of-the-art techniques use.
On-chip Timing Uncertainty Measurements on IBM Microprocessors

Timing uncertainty in microprocessors is comprised of several sources including PLL jitter, clock distribution skew and jitter, across chip device variations, and power supply noise. The on-chip measurement macro called SKITTER (SKew+jITTER) was designed to measure timing uncertainty from all combined sources by measuring the number of logic stages that complete in a cycle. This measure of completed delay stages has proven to be a very sensitive monitor of power supply noise, which has emerged as a dominant component of timing uncertainty. This paper describes the Skitter measurement experiences of several IBM microprocessors including PPC970MP, XBOX360TM, CELL Broadband EngineTM, and POWER6TM microprocessors running different workloads.
Physical activity and quality of life of cancer survivors: a lack of focus for lifestyle redesign.

BACKGROUND Physical activity is a component of lifestyle activity and one that has been increasingly seen as 'the medicine' to cure chronic diseases, including certain types of cancer. Physical activity has potent impact on mortality but only if it is well incorporated as lifestyle activity may it allow a better outcome of the quality of life of cancer survivors. This paper presents a review on the evidence of physical activity being actively promoted as lifestyle activity amongst cancer survivors, for the last five years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials incorporated as lifestyle activity through MEDLINE with the associated terms "physical activity or exercise", "quality of life" and "cancer survivor or people with cancer", 'lifestyle' and 'randomised controlled trial'. The period of search was confined to publication within January 2008 till December 2012 and further limits were to full text, peer reviewed, abstract available and English language. RESULTS Based on inclusion criteria, 45 articles were retrieved. Of these, 41 were excluded after examining the full paper. Four final articles on randomized controlled trials were studied to determine the effectiveness of PA to improve the quality of life in post treatment cancer survivors and positive associations were found. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity is related to better quality of life of cancer survivors. Only one paper had characteristics of lifestyle incorporation for a lifestyle redesign, but none overtly or actively promoting exercise interventions as an essential lifestyle activity. With increasing survivorship, the benefits of physical activity must be aggressively and overtly promoted to optimize its positive impact.
Winning friends and influencing peers: Strategies of peer influence in late childhood

We divided children (N = 719, grades 3–6) into five control types based on the degree to which they reported employing prosocial (indirect, cooperative) and coercive (direct, hostile) strategies of control (prosocial controllers, coercive controllers, bistrategic controllers, noncontrollers, and typicals). We tested for differences across the five types on personal characteristics, friendship motivations, wellbeing, and social integration, expecting specific patterns according to whether control is wielded, and whether coercive or prosocial behaviour (or both) is employed. Prosocial controllers revealed positive characteristics (e.g., social skills, agreeableness), intrinsic friendship motivations, and positive wellbeing. In contrast, coercive controllers revealed negative characteristics (e.g., hostility), extrinsic friendship motivations, and ill-being. Bistrategic controllers, as expected, reported the highest control, and revealed characteristics associated with both prosocial and coercive orientations. Noncontrollers, in contrast, did not report having these characteristics and felt the least effective in the peer group. Our evolutionary perspective offers unique predictions of how prosocial and coercive children are similar in terms of their instrumental goals and the consequences of using both strategies or neither.
Tranexamic Acid Compared with Placebo for Reducing Total Blood Loss in Hip Replacement Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND:Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces bleeding in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery, but optimal doses and timing have yet to be established. Our primary objective in this study was to assess total blood loss 48 hours after surgery with different regimens. METHODS:This was a multicenter, parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial that included all ASA physical status I to III patients undergoing unilateral total hip replacement surgery who met the inclusion criteria. Patients were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups: a single-dose group (15 mg/kg TXA before the start of surgery and saline 3 hours later after the start of surgery), a 2-dose group (10 m/kg TXA before and 10 mg/kg of TXA 3 hours after the start of surgery), and a control group (saline before and 3 hours after the start of surgery). Total blood loss was calculated using a formula considering hematocrit values and blood transfusions received. RESULTS:We included 108 patients in the study. Total blood loss volumes up to day 2 were 1377 ± 689, 1308 ± 641, and 2215 ± 1136 mL in the single-dose, 2-dose and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001 between the placebo and the experimental groups). Blood transfusions were given to 22.9% of patients (n = 8) in the single-dose group, 11.1% (n = 4) in the 2-dose group, and 37.8% (n = 14) in the control group (P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS:A single preoperative dose of TXA or 2 infusions of a lower dose, preoperatively and then after 3 hours after the start of surgery, resulted in lower blood loss during the first 2 days after surgery and less need for blood transfusion, with good levels of safety.
Comparative Effects of Carvedilol and Metoprolol on Regional Vascular Responses to Adrenergic Stimuli in Normal Subjects and Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Background—Adrenergic receptor blockers used in the treatment of heart failure have distinct receptor affinity profiles. We hypothesized that &agr;-adrenergic–blocking effects of carvedilol would limit vasoconstriction in response to adrenergic stimuli when compared with metoprolol. Methods and Results—Forearm vascular resistance responses to isometric handgrip and cold pressor test were determined by plethysmography before and during adrenergic receptor blockade in prospective randomized trials. Acute effects were assessed in a crossover trial in normal subjects (single dose of 25 mg carvedilol, 100 mg metoprolol tartrate, and placebo). Chronic effects (25 mg carvedilol BID versus 200 mg extended-release metoprolol succinate daily for 6 months) were assessed in a parallel group trial of chronic heart failure subjects. In normal subjects, carvedilol decreased forearm vascular resistance responses to adrenergic stimuli when compared with metoprolol and placebo (isometric handgrip −3.5 U for carvedilol versus −1.2 U for metoprolol and −2.2 U for placebo, P =0.15; cold pressor test 3.1±8.9 U for carvedilol versus 9.0±2.7 U for metoprolol and 8.2±5.8 U for placebo, P <0.05). In heart failure subjects, vasomotor responses to isometric handgrip and cold pressor test did not differ between treatment groups. Conclusions—Acute administration of carvedilol attenuates the vasoconstriction response to adrenergic stimuli when compared with placebo and metoprolol in normal subjects, whereas chronic administration of carvedilol does not attenuate the vasoconstrictor response to adrenergic stimuli when compared with metoprolol in heart failure subjects. These data suggest that long-term benefits of carvedilol in heart failure are not mediated by &agr;-adrenergic blockade.
Mucosal Adjuvant Properties of the Shigella Invasin Complex

ABSTRACT The Shigella invasin complex (Invaplex) is an effective mucosal vaccine capable of protecting against Shigella challenge in animal models. The major antigenic constituents of Invaplex are the Ipa proteins and lipopolysaccharide. The cell-binding capacity of the Ipa proteins prompted the investigation into the adjuvanticity of Invaplex. Using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen, intranasal immunization with OVA combined with Invaplex was found to enhance anti-OVA serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA responses and induce OVA-specific mucosal antibody responses at sites located both proximal and distal to the immunization site. The immune responses induced with OVA and Invaplex were comparable in both magnitude and duration to the immune responses induced after immunization with OVA and cholera toxin. The OVA-specific immune response was characterized by high levels of serum IgG1 and increased production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, or IL-10 from lymphoid cells of immunized animals, suggesting a Th2 response. In addition to enhancing the immunogenicity of OVA, Invaplex-specific immune responses were also induced, indicating the potential for the development of a combination vaccine consisting of Invaplex and other immunogens. Preexisting Invaplex-specific immunity did not interfere with the capacity to enhance the immunogenicity of a second, unrelated vaccine antigen, suggesting that Invaplex could be used as a mucosal adjuvant in multiple vaccine regimens.
Governing the Dangerous: an Historical Overview of Dangerous Offender Legislation

HAT IS the significance of the cluster of dangerous offender laws B ~L which were recently introduced into a number of English-speaking societies? These include the Victorian State Sentencing (Amendment) Act 1993 and the Community Protection Act 1990; the Washington State Sexual Predator Law 1989; the Canadian federal legislation of 1993 the Corrections and Conditional Release Act; and the New Zealand Criminal Justice Amendment Act 1993. The laws themselves are united around the following common themes:’ those judged to be ’dangerous’ must be (i) repeat violent/sexual offenders and (ii) be thought likely to commit such crimes again in the future as, for example, in the justification for the Canadian legislation: ’in order for the
Exploring and modelling digital natives' intention to use permission-based location-aware mobile advertising

Abstract Permission-based location-aware mobile advertising (PBLAMA) is a growing phenomenon of interest to marketing practitioners and academics. However, it is unclear what factors influence a user's intention to use or adopt the technology. The objective of this study is to test empirically advertising attitudes, incentives, subjective norms, and perceived behaviour control factors on digital native mobile-phone users' behavioural intentions of using PBLAMA. Multiple regression was used to analyse the results from 260 undergraduate students from New Zealand. The results indicate that digital natives are more likely to adopt PBLAMA if it is entertaining, informative, not irritating, and includes some form of incentive. In addition, subjective norms were found to play a significant positive role, as does the user's confidence (self-efficacy) in use and perceived control.
Cooperative Assembly of an hnRNP Complex Induced by a Tissue-Specific Homolog of Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein

ABSTRACT Splicing of the c-src N1 exon in neuronal cells depends in part on an intronic cluster of RNA regulatory elements called the downstream control sequence (DCS). Using site-specific cross-linking, RNA gel shift, and DCS RNA affinity chromatography assays, we characterized the binding of several proteins to specific sites along the DCS RNA. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H, polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB), and KH-type splicing-regulatory protein (KSRP) each bind to distinct elements within this sequence. We also identified a new 60-kDa tissue-specific protein that binds to the CUCUCU splicing repressor element of the DCS RNA. This protein was purified, partially sequenced, and cloned. The new protein (neurally enriched homolog of PTB [nPTB]) is highly homologous to PTB. Unlike PTB, nPTB is enriched in the brain and in some neural cell lines. Although similar in sequence, nPTB and PTB show significant differences in their properties. nPTB binds more stably to the DCS RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. nPTB also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, hnRNP H and KSRP, to the DCS RNA. These experiments identify specific cooperative interactions between the proteins that assemble onto an intricate splicing-regulatory sequence and show how this hnRNP assembly is altered in different cell types by incorporating different but highly related proteins.
Psychometric Approaches Help Resolve Competing Cognitive Models: When Less Is More Than It Seems

Simple arithmetic word problems are often featured in elementary school education. One type of problem, "compare with unknown reference set," ranks among the most difficult to solve. Differences in item difficulty for compare problems with unknown reference set are observed depending on the direction of the relational statement (more than vs. less than). Various cognitive models have been proposed to account for these differences. We employed item response theory (IRT) to compare competing cognitive models of student performance. The responses of 100 second-grade students to a series of compare problems with unknown reference set, along with other measures of individual differences, were fit to IRT models. Results indicated that the construction integration model (Kintsch, 1988, 1998) provided the best fit to the data. We discuss the potential contribution of psychometric approaches to the study of thinking.
Measuring Implicit Gender-Role Orientation: The Gender Initial Preference Task

Individuals prefer their name letters over nonname letters, which is known as the name-letter effect (NLE). This research aimed to examine a possible NLE for gender-role orientation (GRO) by rating letters for their gender-typicality in an initial preference task (Gender-IPT). Indeed, a clear NLE appeared: Men rated their initials as more male-typical, whereas women rated them as more female-typical. The Gender-IPT showed good convergent validity with other direct and indirect (Gender Implicit Association Test) measures of GRO as well as predictive validity with sensation seeking and gender-typical everyday life behaviors. The Gender-IPT seems to be a useful and practical indirect measure to assess GRO in a short, convenient, and computer-independent way, complementing other indirect measures of GRO.
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint- A Predictor of Anthracycline Sensitivity in Breast Cancer Patients

Identifying drug response remains a major challenge in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, as some patients relapse following treatment. Breast cancer consists of differences in tumour biology, which potentially correlates to differential treatment response patterns in patients. Resistance to commonly used chemotherapeutics such as anthracyclines poses an obstacle within the clinical setting, and no clinically validated biomarker exists to identify patients who will respond to treatment. Through analysis of the BR9601 trial we have been able to identify the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) as a potential predictor of anthracycline sensitivity, allowing us to further analyze this mechanism at the molecular level using anthracycline resistant breast cancer cells. To further elucidate the mechanism, we interrogated the SAC signal within our resistant cell lines and found that the SAC signal was significantly downregulated in the resistant cells. Investigation into SAC dysregulation could represent a mechanism for identifying anthracycline response.
A Contextualized Curricular Supplement for Developmental Reading and Writing

Two experiments were conducted with developmental education students to investigate the impact of a contextualized intervention focusing on written summarization and other reading and writing skills. In experiment 1 (n = 322), greater gain was found for intervention than comparison participants on three summarization measures: proportion of main ideas from the source text, accuracy, and word count (ES = 0.26–0.42). In experiment 2 (n = 246), results were replicated for several summarization measures (ES = 0.36–0.70), but it was also found that intervention participants copied more from the source text at posttest than did the comparison group. Further, intervention participants using science text outperformed students receiving generic text on two summarization measures (ES = 0.32–0.33), providing moderate support for contextualization.
Location-Based Reasoning about Complex Multi-Agent Behavior

Recent research has shown that surprisingly rich models of human activity can be learned from GPS (positional) data. However, most effort to date has concentrated on modeling single individuals or statistical properties of groups of people. Moreover, prior work focused solely on modeling actual successful executions (and not failed or attempted executions) of the activities of interest. We, in contrast, take on the task of understanding human interactions, attempted interactions, and intentions from noisy sensor data in a fully relational multi-agent setting. We use a real-world game of capture the flag to illustrate our approach in a well-defined domain that involves many distinct cooperative and competitive joint activities. We model the domain using Markov logic, a statistical-relational language, and learn a theory that jointly denoises the data and infers occurrences of high-level activities, such as a player capturing an enemy. Our unified model combines constraints imposed by the geometry of the game area, the motion model of the players, and by the rules and dynamics of the game in a probabilistically and logically sound fashion. We show that while it may be impossible to directly detect a multi-agent activity due to sensor noise or malfunction, the occurrence of the activity can still be inferred by considering both its impact on the future behaviors of the people involved as well as the events that could have preceded it. Further, we show that given a model of successfully performed multi-agent activities, along with a set of examples of failed attempts at the same activities, our system automatically learns an augmented model that is capable of recognizing success and failure, as well as goals of people's actions with high accuracy. We compare our approach with other alternatives and show that our unified model, which takes into account not only relationships among individual players, but also relationships among activities over the entire length of a game, although more computationally costly, is significantly more accurate. Finally, we demonstrate that explicitly modeling unsuccessful attempts boosts performance on other important recognition tasks.