Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solidarity with solidity

For decades, education researchers have been drawing attention to the importance of professional collaboration among teachers as a way to improve student achievement. But not all collaboration is equally effective. Andy Hargreaves and Michael O’Connor explain that the most successful and sustainable efforts are characterized by both solidity and solidarity, meaning that they draw on both expert knowledge and strong collegial relationships, creating what the authors call collaborative professionalism. A network of rural teachers in the Pacific Northwest who enhance curriculum across multiple schools and a lesson study program in Hong Kong are two examples of such successful collaborations.
Assessing Plant Entry and Exit Dynamics and Survival – Does Firms ’ Financial Status Matter ?

Despite of the increasing empirical research on entry and exit dynamics, there are few studies examining plant and firm-specific characteristics of entering and exiting plants. In particular, little attention has been paid to financial characteristics of firms owning entering and exiting plants. This paper analyses these characteristics across industries and over time. The purpose is to compare the differences between entering, exiting and existing plants and to provide information on the effects of financial characteristics, such as firm’s indebtedness, solvency, liquidity and profitability, on plant survival. The results indicate that firm-level financial distress is likely to decrease the probability of survival. Recessions and aggregate-level financial distress are also found to reduce the probability of survival.
Better Preparing Sports Psychologists for the Demands of Applied Practice: The Emotional Labor Training Gap

The aim of this article was to investigate the emotional educational–training–practice gap in the professional formation of sport and exercise psychologists in the United Kingdom through the theoretical lens of emotional labor. Twenty semistructured interviews were conducted with 4 participant groups: master’s students (n = 5), trainees (n = 5), neophytes (n = 5), and experienced sport and exercise psychologists (n = 5). Adopting an interpretive epistemology, an abductive thematic analysis was conducted in relation to the participant groups recruited. Several overarching themes were identified in each participant group: (a) master’s students (emotional labor as theory, practice), (b) trainees (emotional labor to survive, a professional development tool), (c) neophytes (emotional labor as a new professional, self-care), and (d) experienced sport and exercise psychologists (emotional labor as a professional resource, lifelong learning). A synthesized list of applied recommendations to improve the professional formation of sport and exercise psychologists was developed based on the analysis. The themes extend sport and exercise psychology professional development literature, and we make recommendations for educators, professional associations, and regulatory bodies with regard to (a) bridging the emotional labor and experiential gap when transitioning between development phases via collaborative and innovative educational provision, (b) supporting the development of skills relating to the enactment of emotional labor, and (c) considering support mechanisms for student/trainee/neophyte safeguarding and welfare issues as a result of the emotion-laden transactions in professional practice. The implications for future pedagogy, andragogy, and research are discussed. Lay Summary Sports psychologists need to manage their emotions when working with athletes and coaches, but this is not often taught during education or training. This study aimed to understand whether sports psychologists were aware of or prepared to manage their emotions and to identify activities that could develop education and training courses.
Temporal Learning and Rhythmic Responding: No Reduction in the Proportion Easy Effect with Variable Response-Stimulus Intervals

The present report further investigates the proportion easy effect, a conflict-free version of the proportion congruent effect. In the proportion easy paradigm, it is observed that the difference in performance between easy (high contrast) and hard (low contrast) items is smaller in a task with mostly hard items relative to a task with mostly easy items. This effect has been interpreted as evidence for temporal learning: participants learn a faster pace (i.e., rhythm of responding) in the mostly easy context, which boosts the contrast effect, and a slower pace in the mostly hard context. In the present experiment, intervals between trials were either fixed or randomly varied from trial to trial. Interestingly, the proportion easy effect was still present with variable intervals. These data suggest that participants do not learn the regularity in timing from one response to the next (which was highly inconsistent with variable intervals). As one alternative, participants might be learning the intervals between stimulus onset and responses, which were not manipulated. They could then use this learned timing information to prepare for responding at the anticipated time, resulting in rhythmic responding. The results further imply that variable response-stimulus intervals are insufficient for controlling for rhythmic biases.
Gastrodin Pretreatment Impact on Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Transport ATPase (SERCA) and Calcium Phosphate (PLB) Expression in Rats with Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

Background Calcium overload, inflammation, and apoptosis play important roles in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Gastrodin pretreatment can alleviate MIRI. This study observed sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase (Ca2+-ATPase, SERCA) and calcium phosphate (PLB) protein expression in the ventricular remodeling process after myocardial infarction to explore the effect of gastrodin pretreatment on MIRI. Material/Methods Healthy 7-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham group (A), a model group (B), and gastrodin pretreatment groups C, D, and E (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively) with 20 in each group. Anterior descending coronary artery ligation method was used to establish a rat MIRI model with 30-min ischemia and 120-min reperfusion. Cardiac electrophysiological activity was recorded. Serum IL-6 and IL10 levels were determined by ELISA. SERCA activity was tested by colorimetric phosphorus method. SERCA, PLB, and pSer-PLB protein expression were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the sham group, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were elevated, SERCA2a expression was downregulated, and PLB protein was elevated in the model group (P<0.05). pSer16-PLB showed no significant difference among groups, and the ratio of pSer16-PLB/PLB obviously decreased (P<0.05). IL-6 level gradually declined and IL-10 increased in the gastrodin group following concentration elevation. SERCA 2a expression rose in the gastrodin group in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Elevated PLB protein expression showed no significant difference, while pSer16-PLB protein increased (P<0.05), leading to elevated pSer16 PLB/PLB ratio (P<0.05). Conclusions Gastrodin pretreatment alleviates MIRI and inflammation injury by regulating SERCA and PLB expression to decrease calcium overload.
Running Head : EFFECT PROPENSITY EFFECT PROPENSITY

In a choice between two options, decision makers can often be divided into three segments: those who strongly prefer the first option, those who strongly prefer the second option, and those who might choose either option depending on the particular conditions (“Switchers”). In any reference state, such as the experimental control, most Switchers are likely to favor one of the two options. Thus, the limited growth potential of the option favored by Switchers in the reference state creates “effect propensity” in the opposite direction, whereby any condition or manipulation applied to the reference state is more likely to increase the share of the other option. We test this proposition in a series of studies in the context of choices between safe and risky options and between lower-price/quality and higher-price/quality options. The results indicate that a large majority of conceptually unrelated manipulations tend to increase the choice share of risky and higher-price/quality options. This effect propensity can be reversed when the risky and higherprice/quality options are the status quo alternatives or asymmetrically dominating in the reference state. Alternative explanations for effect propensity are examined. We discuss the implications of effect propensity for the interpretation of research findings, the selection of controls, and theory tests.
Virgo Cluster Early-Type Dwarf Galaxies with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. II. Early-Type Dwarfs with Central Star Formation

Despite the common picture of an early-type dwarf galaxy (dE) as a quiescent galaxy with no star formation and little gas, we identify 23 dEs that have blue central colors caused by recent or ongoing star formation in our sample of 476 Virgo Cluster dEs. In addition, 14 objects that were mostly classified as (candidate) blue compact dwarfs have similar properties. Among the certain cluster members, the dEs with blue centers reach a fraction of more than 15% of the dE population at brighter (mB ≤ 16) magnitudes. A spectral analysis of the centers of 16 galaxies reveals in all cases an underlying old population that dominates the mass, with Mold ≥ 90% for all but one object. Therefore, the majority of these galaxies will appear like ordinary dEs within approximately one gigayear or less after the last episode of star formation. Their overall gas content is less than that of dwarf irregular galaxies but higher than that of ordinary dEs. Their flattening distribution suggests the shape of a thick disk, similar to what has been found for dEs with disk features in Paper I of this series. Their projected spatial distribution shows no central clustering, and their distribution with projected local density follows that of irregular galaxies, indicative of an unrelaxed population. This is corroborated by their velocity distribution, which displays two side peaks characteristic of recent infall. We discuss possible formation mechanisms (ram-pressure stripping, tidally induced star formation, and harassment) that might be able to explain both the disk shape and the central star formation of the dEs with blue centers.
Modeling the Effect of Temperature on Membrane Response of Light Stimulation in Optogenetically-Targeted Neurons

Optogenetics is revolutionizing Neuroscience, but an often neglected effect of light stimulation of the brain is the generation of heat. In extreme cases, light-generated heat kills neurons, but mild temperature changes alter neuronal function. To date, most in vivo experiments rely on light stimulation of neural tissue using fiber-coupled lasers of various wavelengths. Brain tissue is irradiated with high light power that can be deleterious to neuronal function. Furthermore, absorbed light generates heat that can lead to permanent tissue damage and affect neuronal excitability. Thus, light alone can generate effects in neuronal function that are unrelated to the genuine “optogenetic effect. ” In this work, we perform a theoretical analysis to investigate the effects of heat transfer in rodent brain tissue for standard optogenetic protocols. More precisely, we first use the Kubelka-Munk model for light propagation in brain tissue to observe the absorption phenomenon. Then, we model the optothermal effect considering the common laser wavelengths (473 and 593 nm) used in optogenetic experiments approaching the time/space numerical solution of Pennes' bio-heat equation with the Finite Element Method. Finally, we then modeled channelrhodopsin-2 in a single and spontaneous-firing neuron to explore the effect of heat in light stimulated neurons. We found that, at commonly used light intensities, laser radiation considerably increases the temperature in the surrounding tissue. This effect alters action potential size and shape and causes an increase in spontaneous firing frequency in a neuron model. However, the shortening of activation time constants generated by heat in the single firing neuron model produces action potential failures in response to light stimulation. We also found changes in the power spectrum density and a reduction in the time required for synchronization in an interneuron network model of gamma oscillations. Our findings indicate that light stimulation with intensities used in optogenetic experiments may affect neuronal function not only by direct excitation of light sensitive ion channels and/or pumps but also by generating heat. This approach serves as a guide to design optogenetic experiments that minimize the role of tissue heating in the experimental outcome.
Electronic Market Design Principles in the Context of Peer-to-Peer Filesharing Systems

A fast-growing body of literature in information systems research as well as in other disciplines has examined peer-to-peer (P2P) filesharing from various perspectives, but has failed so far to offer a comprehensive analytic framework that would allow us to explain why the market has not yet produced any significant commercially successful P2P service models for digital content distribution. We argue that this is a result of a profound misconception of P2P systems. In this paper, we view them as electronic markets for trading digital content rather than as mere business applications, which has been the prevalent view in the IS literature. This different conceptualization allows us to apply general market design principles to analysis and development of P2P services. We propose that seven specific market constraints–technical, economic, structural, legal, political, psycho-cognitive and socio-cultural–together determine the success of P2P market designs.
Genetic Alterations in ERBB 2-amplified Breast Carcinomas 1 , 2

Amplification of the ERBB2 oncogene has recently received attention as a target for antibody-based therapies and as a predictor of response to adjuvant chemotherapy. Modification of treatment strategies based onERBB2 status has led to further interest in the genetic alterations that accompany ERBB2 gene amplification or overexpression. In this study, chromosome alterations that are associated with ERBB2 amplification were defined by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Additionally, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to validate gene amplification, and protein expression was detected immunohistochemically. ERBB2-amplified tumors as detected by FISH, immunohistochemistry (IHC), or CGH had twice as many CGHdefined chromosomal alterations (means of 11.8, 11.0, and 12.7, respectively) as the nonamplified tumors (means of 6.8, 7.0, and 5.6, respectively). ERBB2 positivity correlated with the total number of genetic events. A wide spectrum of copy number gains and losses was seen by CGH in all of the tumors. An increased number of losses of 18q and gains of 20q was found in ERBB2-positive tumors. Other common aberrations for all of the tumors were copy number gains of 1q (58%), 8q (52%), 20q (30%), and losses of 18q (39%), 13q (39%), and 3p (33%). A high degree of concordance was observed among the three methods in 33 primary breast cancers. The concurrence forERBB2 detection between FISH and IHC was 90%, between FISH and CGH was 82%, and between IHC and CGH was 84%. This study shows that breast tumors showing erbB2 overexpression or gene amplification are genetically distinct from erbB2-negative tumors. These differences may relate to the mechanisms underlying altered response to adjuvant therapies and may define the responsiveness to erbB2-directed immunotherapy.
Some determinants of job satisfaction.

For a sample of 50 managerial-supervisory, 30 workstudy practitioners and 285 semi-skilled operators, data were collected concerning job satisfaction using 31 items from a questionnaire. Ten firms manufacturing different products and operating various types of financial incentive schemes were sampled. Data from operatives and reflecting five determinants were intercorrelated and analysed. Of the four determinants correlated with operator satisfaction, management controls and work study controls made the most significant contribution indicating that as these controls increased in. effectiveness so did satisfaction. The level of replies from the three groups of respondents were measured and analysed to determine levels of communication but little relationship was found. A high negative correlation was found to exist between satisfaction and labour turnover thus supporting previous research (Blum 1968). Other characteristics such as age, sex, length of service were not found to be significantly associated with satisfactions It was felt a relationship existed between satisfaction - certainty and alienation and efforts were made to measure these relationships. It was not possible to be too categoric and alienation and certainty reflected a state of mind nevertheless the results appeared to support assumptions made and alienation and uncertainty appeared to have causal relationships with management and work study controls which correlate with satisfaction. In conclusion the results appear to substantiate this somewhat new approach and would present an interesting area for future research.
Patriarchy and the Structure of Employment in Criminal Justice: Differences in the Experiences of Men and Women Working in the Legal Profession, Corrections, and Law Enforcement

Feminist scholars have long argued that patriarchy affects the structure and organization of society as well as the lived experiences of men and women. Although often referenced in discussions of gender differences in crime and justice, few have articulated more specifically the link between patriarchy and gender differences in the experiences of men and women as victims, offenders, or workers. We take up the challenge to theorize patriarchy and examine the extent to which it operates as an organizing principle with regard to employment in the criminal justice system. We consider differences in the representation of men and women working in the legal profession, corrections, and law enforcement, as well as the culture and structure of these workplace environments in the United States. We argue that patriarchy is a useful midlevel theoretical concept that helps explain both quantitative and qualitative gender differences in criminal justice work. This study complements the “doing gender” approach by focusing on gender at the institutional level, and describing how the culture and structure of the criminal justice system shape and constrain the experiences of individuals occupying social roles within it.
Psychological Morbidity, Social Intimacy, Physical Symptomatology, and Lifestyle in Adult Children of Divorced Parents

ABSTRACT This study assessed the relationships between psychological morbidity, social intimacy, perception of the parental relationship, lifestyle and physical symptomatology as well as the contributors of physical symptomatology, in adult children of divorced parents. Participants answered the Physical Symptom Questionnaire, the Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale, the Lifestyle Questionnaire, the Social Intimacy Scale and The Perception of the Parental Relationship Scale. Results revealed that older participants showed lower levels of anxiety, depression and stress and that male participants perceived the parental relationship as better when compared to females. There was a negative association between depression and the duration of parental divorce. Adult children with greater physical symptoms and more anxious showed less social intimacy. The latter was associated with a less healthy lifestyle. As expected less physical symptomatology was associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Anxiety was the only variable that contributed to physical symptomatology. Intervention should be gender sensitive and focus early on on the identification of psychological morbidity, social intimacy, healthy behaviors, and physical symptomatology, in adult children whose parents are in the process of divorcing.
Expected masses of merging compact object binaries observed in gravitational waves

We use the well-tested STARTRACK binary population synthesis code to examine the properties of the population of compact object binaries. We calculate the distribution of masses and mass ratios, taking into account weights introduced by observability in gravitational waves during inspiral. We find that in the observability-weighted distribution of double neutron star binaries there are two peaks: one for nearly equal-mass systems, and one for systems consisting of a low- and a high-mass neutron star, q = 0.6-0.7. The observability-weighted distribution of black hole neutron star binaries is concentrated on systems with mass ratio q = 0.3-0.5, while for double black hole binaries the observability-weighted distribution is dominated by massive, nearly equal-mass binaries with q > 0.7.
Portfolio and Consumption Choice with Stochastic Investment Opportunities and Habit Formation in Preferences

This paper investigates the dynamic consumption and portfolio choice of an investor with habit formation in preferences and access to a complete financial market with time-varying investment opportunities. An exact and simple characterization of the optimal behavior under general, possibly non-Markov, dynamics of market prices is derived. Relative to the benchmark case of time-additive power utility, habit formation affects the hedge component of the optimal portfolio differently than the speculative component. The quantitative effects of habit formation are studied in three concrete settings. Firstly, a closed-form solution of the optimal consumption and portfolio choice with mean-reverting stock returns is derived. Secondly, with Cox-Ingersoll-Ross interest rate dynamics the optimal strategies are expressed in terms of the solution to a partial differential equation, which has an explicit solution for time-additive utility, but not with habit formation. Thirdly, a new model with both mean-reverting stock returns and stochastic interest rates is studied. Overall, the numerical examples show that, while hedging demands for various assets are affected differently by habit persistence, the main effect on relative asset allocations stems from the fact that some assets (bonds and cash) are better investment objects than others (stocks) when it comes to ensuring that future consumption will not fall below the habit level.
A new method for harmonic distortion analysis in class-AB stages

In this brief, a new method for analytically evaluating the harmonic distortion (HD) in class-AB stages is introduced. It is based on modeling each push-pull device in the stage with a different third-order polynomial. The coefficients of these polynomials are then evaluated by straightforward computations or by pencil-and-paper analysis on the transcharacteristic of the stage. The resulting theory was validated by simulations and is able to predict the HD behavior of a class-AB stage over a wide range of input values. An example of the use of the theory for pencil-and-paper analysis is also given.