Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self and Circumstance: Journeys and Visions of Exile

The self in exile, and the circumstances of exile, are as varied as human character and human history. Forced uprooting from one's homeland and community, coerced homelessness, may be the common crisis that confronts all exiles and refugees, but such groups that are affected by it perceive and react to their changed and changing circumstances in different ways. Exile is not a uniform journey, but many different journeys, and, “it,” cannot be grasped by a single vision, but many, reflecting the different vantages and framings of different selves, and indeed of the same self over time, in circumstances that never stay the same. The meaning of exile, and of home, varies, not least as a function of age and generation, of biography and history, of self and circumstance. These four short essays on a common theme, “Two Generational Perspectives on the Experience of Exile,” were written a quarter of a century apart by a father and son, a psychiatrist and a sociologist: the former spoke as a survivor of “four shocks," including, “exile shock,” a concept he coined to distinguish it from other phenomena; the latter spoke from the vantage of the “one-and-a-half” generation, the term he coined to distinguish between the first-generation adult protagonists (Literally, “first actors”) of the decision to go into exile, and the generation of their children, who as deuteragonists (“second actors”) tend to be free of the impulse for self-justification that drives their parents' exilic vision. Taken together, this collaboration consists of a selective set of reflections, spanning a quarter century of changing circumstances, of two selves, two journeys, two visions, two voices, two generational perspectives on the experience of exile.
Cellular composition of the rostral pars distalis of the anterior pituitary gland of the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, during the spawning run

The rostral pars distalis of the anterior pituitary gland of the marine alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, during its annual spawning run to fresh water was examined histologically. The rostral pars distalis is composed of many interconnecting follicles of various sizes. Contrary to earlier reports, the follicular epithelium contains not only prolactin (PRL) cells but corticotropic (ACTH) cells and thyrotropic (TSH) cells (in addition to two nonendocrine cell types). Basally all three endocrine cell types make direct contact with the basement membrane which separates the follicles from the neurohypophysial processes. Apically, however, only the prolactin cells, the largest of the three, protrude into the follicular lumen by means of the small ciliated apical protruberance. All other cellular elements are sealed from the follicular lumen by a layer of covering cells which have properties of transitional epithelial cells. In the follicular epithelium, the slender TSH cells are intercalated between the large conspicuous prolactin cells. The ACTH cells, the smallest of the three endocrine cells, lie in deep invaginations in the basal regions of the individual PRL cells in such a way that on cursory examination they can be mistaken for the nuclei of the latter. Only a small portion of the cellular surface of the ACTH cell escapes the enveloping prolactin cell to make contact with the basement membrane of the follicle. In teleosts, prolactin, ACTH, and TSH have all been implicated in the regulation of hydromineral metabolism and reproductive development. The intimate spatial relation between the three endocrine cells in the alewife rostral pars distalis thus raises the possibility of some functional interactions at the adenohypophysial level, perhaps as an adaptation of this anadromous teleost whose reproductive development and behavior is associated with large changes in ambient salinity. The functional significance of the follicular lumen is discussed together with possible sensory functions of the PRL cells.
On Strategy‐Proofness and the Salience of Single‐Peakedness

We consider strategy-proof social choice functions operating on a rich domain of preference profiles. We show that if the social choice function satisfies in addition tops-onlyness, anonymity and unanimity then the preferences in the domain have to satisfy a variant of single-peakedness (referred to as semilattice single-peakedness). We do so by deriving from the social choice function an endogenous partial order (a semilattice) from which the notion of a semilattice single-peaked preference can be defined. We also provide a converse of this main finding. Finally, we show how well-known restricted domains under which nontrivial strategy-proof social choice functions are admissible are semilattice single-peaked domains.
Acarbose, lente carbohydrate, and prebiotics promote metabolic health and longevity by stimulating intestinal production of GLP-1

The α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose, which slows carbohydrate digestion and blunts postprandial rises in plasma glucose, has long been used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes or glucose intolerance. Like metformin, acarbose tends to aid weight control, postpone onset of diabetes and decrease risk for cardiovascular events. Acarbose treatment can favourably affect blood pressure, serum lipids, platelet aggregation, progression of carotid intima-media thickness and postprandial endothelial dysfunction. In mice, lifetime acarbose feeding can increase median and maximal lifespan—an effect associated with increased plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and decreased levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). There is growing reason to suspect that an upregulation of fasting and postprandial production of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)—stemming from increased delivery of carbohydrate to L cells in the distal intestinal tract—is largely responsible for the versatile health protection conferred by acarbose. Indeed, GLP-1 exerts protective effects on vascular endothelium, the liver, the heart, pancreatic β cells, and the brain which can rationalise many of the benefits reported with acarbose. And GLP-1 may act on the liver to modulate its production of FGF21 and IGF-I, thereby promoting longevity. The benefits of acarbose are likely mimicked by diets featuring slowly-digested ‘lente’ carbohydrate, and by certain nutraceuticals which can slow carbohydrate absorption. Prebiotics that promote colonic generation of short-chain fatty acids represent an alternative strategy for boosting intestinal GLP-1 production. The health benefits of all these measures presumably would be potentiated by concurrent use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, which slow the proteolysis of GLP-1 in the blood.
Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology Pixel-level Signal Modelling with Spatial Correlation for Two-Colour Microarrays

Statistical models for spot shapes and signal intensities are used in image analysis of laser scans of microarrays. Most models have essentially been based on the assumption of independent pixel intensity values, but models that allow for spatial correlation among neighbouring pixels can accommodate errors in the microarray slide and should improve the model fit. Five spatial correlation structures, exponential, Gaussian, linear, rational quadratic and spherical, are compared for a dataset with 50-mer two-colour oligonucleotide microarrays and 452 probes for selected Arabidopsis genes. Substantial improvement in model fit is obtained for all five correlation structures compared to the model with independent pixel values, and the Gaussian and the spherical models seem to be slightly better than the other three models. We also conclude that for the data set analysed the correlation seems negligible for non-neighbouring pixels.
PPARγ Promotes Growth and Invasion of Thyroid Cancer Cells

Undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human malignancies and no effective therapy is currently available. We show here that PPARγ levels are elevated in cells derived from ATC. Depletion of PPARγ in HTh74 ATC cells resulted in decreased cell growth, cell cycle arrest and a reduction in pRb and cyclin A and B1 levels. We further showed that both flank and orthotopic thyroid tumors derived from PPARγ-depleted cells grew more slowly than PPARγ-expressing cells. When PPARγ was overexpressed in more differentiated thyroid cancer BCPAP cells which lack PPARγ, there was increased growth and raised pRb and cyclin A and B1 levels. Finally, PPARγ depletion in ATC cells decreased their invasive capacity whereas overexpression in PTC cells increased invasiveness. These data suggest that PPARγ may play a detrimental role in thyroid cancer and that targeting it therapeutically may lead to improved treatment of advanced thyroid cancer.
Spanish and American Turn-Taking Styles: A Comparative Study.

A comparative study of turn-taking in North American and Spanish conversation investigated (1) differences in styles for the two cultures and (2) any resulting misinterpretation of communicative intentions. Data for the first were drawn from two dinner parties, one with four American women, conducted in English, and one with four Spanish-speaking women, conducted in Spanish. Analysis of the conversations focused on overlap, measured in syllables, and pause, measured in seconds. The major finding was more occasions of overlap than expected in both English and Spanish conversations, and much greater duration of overlap in the Spanish conversation. In both languages, overlaps were caused by various frequent but usually unintentional patterns such as simultaneous starts, additions to an utterance after appearing to have finished it, interruptions, and sharing of the same information. The difference in average length of overlap is attributed to three patterns in Spanish: longer back-channel utterances, including repetition; use of collaborative sequences; and continued speaking during overlap. Interviews with the participants about previous interaction with the other culture showed the potential for cross cross-cultural misunderstanding was increased in those areas where turn-taking styles in Spanish and English differed, particularly differing quantity of overlap and backchannel behaviors. (MSE) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 7.0 *********************************************************************** Pragmatic and Language Learning Monograph Series, Volume 5, 1994 SPANISH AND AMERICAN TURN-TAKING STYLES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY Anne Berry Atlantic Group American European Cultural Association U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement UCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) his document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. ° Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 2 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Lack of Long-Term Effect of Vitamin C Supplementation on Blood Pressure

Abstract—In a double-blinded randomized controlled trial, we investigated the long-term effect of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure. A total of 439 Japanese subjects with atrophic gastritis initially participated in the trial using vitamin C and &bgr;-carotene to prevent gastric cancer. Before and on early termination of &bgr;-carotene supplementation, 134 subjects dropped out of this trial, whereas 120 and 124 subjects took the vitamin C supplement daily at either 50 mg or 500 mg, respectively, for 5 years. Before supplementation, neither systolic nor diastolic blood pressure was significantly related with the serum vitamin C concentration. This relationship was unchanged after adjustment for age, body mass index, and alcohol intake or after stratification by gender. After 5 years, systolic blood pressure significantly increased in groups, regardless of vitamin C dose, compared with baseline. Systolic blood pressure in the high-dose group (500 mg daily) increased from 125.4 to 131.7 mm Hg (5.88 mm Hg increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.11 to 8.65). This value was similar with that of the low-dose group (5.73 mm Hg increase; 95% CI, 2.62 to 8.83) and of the dropout group (4.52 mm Hg increase; 95% CI, 1.26 to 7.77). There was no difference in change of diastolic blood pressure among the 3 groups. In conclusion, we observed no reduction in blood pressure with long-term moderate doses (500 mg/day) of vitamin C supplementation in a high-risk population for stomach cancer and stroke.
The gene encoding a major component of the lateral elements of synaptonemal complexes of the rat is related to X-linked lymphocyte-regulated genes

The lateral elements of synaptonemal complexes (SCs) of the rat contain major components with relative electrophoretic mobilities (M(r)S) of 30,000 and 33,000. After one-dimensional separation of SC proteins on polyacrylamide-sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, these components show up as two broad bands. These bands contain closely related proteins, as judged from their peptide maps and immunological reactivity. Using affinity-purified polyclonal anti-30,000- and anti-33,000-M(r) component antibodies, we isolated a cDNA encoding at least one of the 30,000- or 33,000-M(r) SC components. The protein predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA, called SCP3 (for synaptonemal complex protein 3), has a molecular mass of 29.7 kDa and a pI value of 9.4. It has a potential nucleotide binding site and contains stretches that are predicted to be capable of forming coiled-coil structures. In the male rat, the gene encoding SCP3 is transcribed exclusively in the testis. SCP3 has significant amino acid similarity to the pM1 protein, which is one of the predicted products of an X-linked lymphocyte-regulated gene family of the mouse: there are 63% amino acid sequence similarity and 35% amino acid identity between the SCP3 and pM1 proteins. However, SCP3 differs from pM1 in several respects, and whether the proteins fulfill related functions is still an open question.
Service encounter needs theory : a dyadic, psychosocial approach to understanding service encounters

Interactions between customers and service providers are ubiquitous. Some of these encounters are routine, but many are characterized by conflict and intense emotions. This chapter introduces a new theory, service encounter needs theory (SENT) that aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which service encounter behaviors affect outcomes for customers and employees. Evidence is presented for the preeminence within these encounters of eight psychosocial needs, and propositions are advanced regarding likely antecedents to fulfillment and violation of these needs. Emotional experiences and displays are viewed as important consequences of need fulfillment and violation, as are numerous cognitive, behavioral, and health-related outcomes.
SystemC-AMS Heterogeneous Modeling of a Capacitive Harvester of Vibration Energy

This paper presents the results of modeling of a mixed non-linear, strongly coupled and multidomain electromechanical system designed to scavenge the energy of ambient vibrations and to generate an electrical supply for an embedded microsystem. The system is operating in three domains: purely mechanical (the resonator), coupled electromechanical (electrostatic transducer associated with the moving mass) and electrical circuit, including switches, diodes and linear electrical components. Although only linear networks can be properly modeled in SystemC-AMS, we propose a technique allowing modeling of electrical networks including non-linear components (diodes) as well as time-varying capacitors. The whole system was modeled using two solvers of SystemC-AMS simultaneously: the one allowing TDF (Timed Data Flow) modeling and the one allowing LIN ELEC (linear electrical) circuit analysis. The modeling results are compared with VHDL-AMS and Matlab Simulink models.
Lateral pharyngoplasty: A new treatment for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

Objective: The role of the lateral pharyngeal muscular walls in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is crucial. My objective is to describe a surgical procedure for splinting the lateral pharyngeal walls in patients with OSAHS and report the initial results. Study Design: Prospective randomized pilot study performed in an academic tertiary center as part of a doctoral thesis. Patients and Methods: Ten adults with OSAHS, originally selected for treatment with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, underwent the lateral pharyngoplasty procedure, which consists of a microdissection of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle within the tonsillar fossa, sectioning of this muscle, and suturing of the created laterally based flap of that muscle to the same‐side palatoglossus muscle. In addition, a palatopharyngeal Z‐plasty is performed to prevent retropalatal collapse. Results: Lateral pharyngoplasty improved sleep and daytime symptoms related to OSAHS. After at least 6 months of follow‐up, the median apnea‐hypopnea index decreased from 41.2 to 9.5 (P = .009) and the median total sleep time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and in stages 3 plus 4 non‐REM sleep increased from 14.1% to 22.1% (P = .059) and from 5.3% to 16.3% (P = .037), respectively. Also, there was statistically significant improvement in snoring, daytime sleepiness, and overall impact of the disease on quality of life. Swallowing disturbances lasted a median of 14.5 days after the surgeries, and all patients returned to normal subjective swallowing function in the follow‐up. Conclusions: Lateral pharyngoplasty is a safe and straightforward approach to lateral pharyngeal muscles and has produced appreciable benefits for OSAHS patients.
Macroeconometric Equivalence, Microeconomic Dissonance, and the Design of Monetary Policy

Many recent studies in macroeconomics have focused on the estimation of DSGE models using a system of loglinear approximations to the models' nonlinear equilibrium conditions. The term macroeconometric equivalence encapsulates the idea that estimates using aggregate data based on first-order approximations to the equilibrium conditions of a DSGE model will not be able to distinguish between alternative underlying preferences and technologies. The concept of microeconomic dissonance refers to the fact that the underlying microeconomic differences become important when optimal monetary policy is analyzed in a nonlinear setting. The relevance of these concepts is established by analysis of optimal steady-state inflation and optimal policy in the stochastic economy using a small-scale New Keynesian model. Microeconomic and financial datasets are promising tools with which to overcome the equivalence problem.
Efficiency Enhancement in Polymer Solar Cells With a Polar Small Molecule Both at Interface and in the Bulk Heterojunction Layer

The polar molecules, including ferroelectric materials with large dipole moments, have been applied as interfacial layers to increase the efficiency of organic solar cells by increasing the bounded charge separation, tuning the energy levels, etc. Here, we report a small polar molecule 2-cyano-3-(4-(diphenylamino) phenyl)acrylic acid (TPACA) that can be either blended in the active layer or at the polymer/electrode interface to increase the efficiency of organic solar cell devices after poling. It is found that the built-in potential of the device is increased by 0.2 V after poling under negative bias. Blending TPACA into the active layer has shown to be a universal method to increase the efficiency of polymer solar cells. The efficiency is increased by 30-90% for all the polymer:fullerene systems tested, with the highest efficiency reaching 7.83% for the poly [4,8-bis-(2-ethyl-hexyl-thiophene-5-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b ']dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-alt-[2-(2'-ethyl-hexanoyl)-thieno [3,4-b]thiophen-4,6-diyl]: [6,6]-phenyl-C71 -butyric acid methyl ester (PBDTTT-CT:PC70BM) system.
Cross-layer optimization in TCP/IP networks

TCP-AQM can be interpreted as distributed primal-dual algorithms to maximize aggregate utility over source rates. We show that an equilibrium of TCP/IP, if exists, maximizes aggregate utility over both source rates and routes, provided congestion prices are used as link costs. An equilibrium exists if and only if this utility maximization problem and its Lagrangian dual have no duality gap. In this case, TCP/IP incurs no penalty in not splitting traffic across multiple paths. Such an equilibrium, however, can be unstable. It can be stabilized by adding a static component to link cost, but at the expense of a reduced utility in equilibrium. If link capacities are optimally provisioned, however, pure static routing, which is necessarily stable, is sufficient to maximize utility. Moreover single-path routing again achieves the same utility as multipath routing at optimality.
Evaluation of the protective role of quercetin and lecithin on Ifosfamide neurotoxicity in rats

Objective: The present study aimed to contribute the ability of quercetin and /or lecithin to attenuate ifosfamide neurotoxicity. Seventy female albino rats were randomly divided into seven groups. Ifosfamide (IFO; 80mg/kg b.wt.) was administrated for fiv e consecutive days intraperitoneally (i.p.), while quercetin (50mg/kg b.wt.) and lecithin (100mg/kg b.wt) were given orally either singly or in-combination with IFO for six consecutive days. Results: Ifosfamide induce neural toxicity as indicated by decreased GSH/GSSG ratio and elevated NO level in different brain areas. As well as altering neurotransmitters levels accompanied by inhibition of choline esterase activity in serum. Also, it stimulates an apoptotic signaling program by up-regulation of caspase-3 and assimilation of Bcl-2 gene expression in all tested brain areas. Pretreatment with quercetin and lecithin singly or in combination could attenuate ifosfamide neurotoxicity by variable degrees of improvement. This improvement seems to be a parameter selective among different brain areas. Conclusion: The present study concludes that pretreatment with combined therapy showed more pronounced effect compared to singular one. Therefore, we suggested that the synergistic effect of quercetin and lecithin in the combined treatment results in marked neuroprotective effect in part through their antioxidant properties and intervening in apoptotic pathways.
Enhancing analogic reasoning with rTMS over the left prefrontal cortex

The authors utilized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in 16 normal volunteers to investigate the role of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in analogic reasoning. rTMS over the left and right PFC, over the left motor cortex, and sham stimulation over the left PFC were administered during memory and analogic reasoning conditions. rTMS over the left PFC led to a significant reduction in response times only in the analogy condition without affecting accuracy. These results indicate that the left PFC is relevant for analogic reasoning and that rTMS applied to the PFC can speed up solution time.