Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
State-of-Art Surgical Treatment of Dissecting Anterior Circulation Intracranial Aneurysms

Abstract Intracranial dissecting aneurysms (IDAs) are an important cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, or compression of intracranial structures. Since the availability of endovascular treatment and the advantage of intraprocedural anticoagulation, an endovascular strategy has become the mainstay of their therapy. But in some cases selective aneurysm obliteration by the endovascular approach is impossible or associated with an unacceptable risk of morbidity. This is particularly true when the IDA is a blood blister-like aneurysm or when dissection affects peripheral branches of the internal carotid artery. The literature dealing with surgical treatment of IDAs in the anterior circulation is heterogeneous, and formulation of general recommendations concerning the surgical strategy remains difficult. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the current knowledge on incidence, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnostic procedures with a special emphasis on the surgical treatment of intracranial dissections of anterior circulation.
Plant responses to stresses: Role of ascorbate peroxidase in the antioxidant protection

When plants are exposed to stressful environmental conditions, the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) increases and can cause significant damage to the cells. Antioxidant defenses, which can detoxify ROS, are present in plants. A major hydrogen peroxide detoxifying system in plant cells is the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, in which, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes play a key role catalyzing the conversion of H2O2 into H2O, using ascorbate as a specific electron donor. Different APX isoforms are present in distinct subcellular compartments, such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisome, and cytosol. The expression of APX genes is regulated in response to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as during plant development. The APX responses are directly involved in the protection of plant cells against adverse environmental conditions. Furthermore, mutant plants APX genes showed alterations in growth, physiology and antioxidant metabolism revealing those enzymes involvement in the normal plant development.
Are they really that happy? Exploring scale recalibration in estimates of well-being.

OBJECTIVE The authors addressed a lingering concern in research on hedonic adaptation to adverse circumstances. This research typically relies on self-report measures of well-being, which are subjective and depend on the standards that people use in making judgments. The authors employed a novel method to test for, and rule out, such scale recalibration in self-reports of well-being. DESIGN The authors asked patients with chronic illness (either lung disease or diabetes) and nonpatients to evaluate quality of life (QoL) for the patients' disease. In addition, the authors also asked them to rank and rate the aversiveness of a diverse set of adverse circumstances, allowing examination of both the numerical ratings and ordering among items. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The authors compared patients' and nonpatients' ratings and rankings for the patients' disease and other conditions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The authors found that patients not only assigned higher numerical QoL ratings to their own disease than did nonpatients but also ranked it higher among the broad set of conditions. These results suggest that scale recalibration cannot account for discrepant QoL ratings between patients and nonpatients. More generally, this study presents a new approach for measuring well-being that is not subject to the problem of scale recalibration.
Incidence and Cost of New Onset Diabetes Mellitus Among U.S. Wait‐Listed and Transplanted Renal Allograft Recipients

This study sought to determine 1) the incidence and costs of new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) associated with maintenance immunosuppression regimens following renal transplantation and 2) whether the mode of dialysis pretransplant or the type of calcineurin inhibition used for maintenance immunosuppression affected either the incidence or cost of NODM. The study examined the United States Renal Data System's clinical and financial records from 1994 to 1998 of all adult, first, single‐organ, renal transplantations in either 1996 or 1997 with adequate financial records. It used the second diagnosis of diabetes in previously nondiabetic patients to identify NODM. While NODM had an incidence of approximately 6% per year among wait‐listed dialysis patients, NODM over the first 2 years post‐transplant had an incidence of almost 18% and 30% among patients receiving cyclosporine and tacrolimus, respectively. By 2 years post‐transplant, Medicare paid an extra $21 500 per newly diabetic patient. We estimated the cost of diabetes attributable to maintenance immunosuppression regimens to be $2025 and $3308 for each tacrolimus patient and $1137 and $1611 for each cyclosporine patient at 1 and 2 years post‐transplant, respectively.
Diagnostic Utility of p 63 ( Ab-1 ) and ( Ab-4 ) Tumor Markers in the Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Head and Neck

Researchers agree on the fact that early diagnosis of the pre-cancerous lesion is important for the improvement of the survival rates (Pitiphat et al., 2002). Routine H&E staining and biopsy are the basic modalities in the diagnosis, and the gold standard for diagnosis remains the biopsy (Gath & Brakenhoff, 1999). However, H&E staining has limitation especially where morphological clues are limited or less helpful. Multiple research modalities have come forward for more accurate results, early diagnosis and determination of the stages of carcinoma. Among them one of the latest and accurate modality has been reported to be the Immunoassaying, Immunohistochemistry staining of cells or tissue sections (Coindre, 2003). A good tumor marker must fulfill the criteria of sensitivity, specificity and clinical effectiveness (Andrea and Anette, 2001). So far no serological and biological tumor marker has yet been established for the SCC of the head and neck region (Andrea & Anette, 2001). The p53 tumor suppressor gene is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancers. p53 is a sequence-specific transcription factor and plays a critical role in activating the expression of genes involved in cell cycle arrest or apoptosis under conditions of genotoxic stress. For over two decades, p53 was thought to be the
Calculation of the Soft Error Rate of Submicron CMOS Logic Circuits

A new method to calculate the soft error rate (SER) of CMOS logic circuits with dynamic pipeline registers is described and verified through soft error rate measurements of dynamic shift registers. This method also takes low power circuits into consideration. Based on this method the SER of a pipelined multiplier is calculated for a 0.6 ¿m, 0.3 ¿m and 0.12 ¿m technology. It has been found, that the SER of pipelined sub-¿m CMOS logic circuits may become too high for many applications, so that countermeasures have to be taken.
Implementation of group member authentication protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks

In a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) architecture, there is no pre-existing fixed network infrastructure, and a mobile node in this network sends data packets to a destination node directly or through its neighbor nodes. This situation is of potential security concern since the neighbor nodes cannot be always trusted. In this paper, we design a group member authentication protocol used in a MANET. It aims to allow a set of nodes to legitimately participate in group communication and then distribute a secret group key to the approved nodes to establish secure communication with group members. Our protocol provides knowledge-based group member authentication, which recognizes a list of secret group keys held in a mobile node as the node's group membership. It employs zero knowledge proof and threshold cryptography. We then introduce our actual implementation and evaluate the behavior to ensure its successful deployment
Cognitive, Affective, and Motivational Changes during Ostracism: An ERP, EMG, and EEG Study Using a Computerized Cyberball Task

Individuals are known to be highly sensitive to signs of ostracism, such as being ignored or excluded; however, the cognitive, affective, and motivational processes underlying ostracism have remained unclear. We investigated temporal changes in these psychological states resulting from being ostracized by a computer. Using event-related brain potentials (ERPs), the facial electromyogram (EMG), and electroencephalogram (EEG), we focused on the P3b amplitude, corrugator supercilii activity, and frontal EEG asymmetry, which reflect attention directed at stimuli, negative affect, and approach/withdrawal motivation, respectively. Results of the P3b and corrugator supercilii activity replicated findings of previous studies on being ostracized by humans. The mean amplitude of the P3b wave decreased, and facial EMG activity increased over time. In addition, frontal EEG asymmetry changed from relative left frontal activation, suggestive of approach motivation, to relative right frontal activation, indicative of withdrawal motivation. These findings suggest that ostracism by a computer-generated opponent is an aversive experience that in time changes the psychological status of ostracized people, similar to ostracism by human. Our findings also imply that frontal EEG asymmetry is a useful index for investigating ostracism. Results of this study suggest that ostracism has well developed neurobiological foundations.
Expression of Fas and Fas Ligand in Normal and Ischemia-Reperfusion Testes: Involvement of the Fas System in the Induction of Germ Cell Apoptosis in the Damaged Mouse Testis1

Abstract Apoptosis of germ cells is very common in normal and injured mammalian testes. The aim of this study was to examine the possible involvement of the Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) system in the induction of germ cell apoptosis in normal and ischemia-reperfusion testes of adult mice. Apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL method and by DNA gel electrophoresis. Fas and FasL mRNAs were detected by Northern blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques, and proteins were analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis of germ cells was identified in the normal testis especially around stages XI and XII, whereas the expression of Fas and FasL was largely confined to Leydig cells and Sertoli cells, respectively. However, in the testes reperfused after 1 h of ischemia, a high number of TUNEL-positive cells were identified in parallel with increased Fas-positive germ cells, whereas FasL expression in Sertoli cells was almost constant irrespective of the duration of reperfusion. Moreover, i.p. injection of anti-Fas antibody, which blocks the interaction between Fas and FasL, inhibited apoptosis, as indicated by the reduced number of TUNEL-positive cells, except for apoptosis at stages XI and XII. Our results indicate that the Fas/FasL system mediates apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in the injured testis but not spontaneous apoptosis in the normal testis.
Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in Patients Aged 65 Years and Older: Follow-Up of 52 Patients After 1 Year

Background and Purpose— We sought to describe the clinical outcome and results obtained in the endovascular therapy of ruptured cerebral aneurysms in the elderly over an 8-year period. We compared endovascular therapy results in patients aged ≥65 and <65 years. Methods— During 1993–1999, 52 patients aged 65 to 85 years (mean age, 71.5±4.7 years) were embolized with the use of Guglielmi detachable coils (group I). During the same period, 143 patients aged <65 years (mean age, 47±11 years) with ruptured cerebral aneurysm were treated with the same technique (group II). A clinical assessment was made on admission with the Hunt and Hess (HH) classification and again in the 12th month with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), with arteriographic control in months 3 and 12. Results— In group I, clinical grades on admission were as follows: HH 1, 9.5%; HH 2, 33%; HH 3, 21%; HH 4, 34.5%; HH 5, 2%. Outcome was favorable in 48% of patients (GOS 1 or 2); the mortality rate was 23%. No rebleeding was observed. Patients presenting lesions ≥10 mm had an unfavorable outcome in >77% of cases. Thromboembolic complications were present in 13% of cases. In group II, clinical grades on admission were as follows: HH 1, 14.5%; HH 2, 47%; HH 3, 11%; HH 4, 24%; HH 5, 3.5%. Favorable outcome (GOS 1 or 2) was observed in 77% of cases, with 14% mortality. Complications due to the endovascular procedure were present in 4.2% of cases. Patients with HH grades 1 or 2 on admission showed a positive outcome (GOS 1 or 2) in 77% of cases in group I and in 88.5% of cases in group II. Mortality was 9% in the first subgroup compared with 2.8% in the second. Patients who had a high clinical grade on admission (HH 4 or 5) showed a favorable outcome (GOS 1 or 2) in 16% of cases in group I compared with 41% in group II. Conclusions— Endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in patients aged ≥65 years appears to be effective against rebleeding and represents an alternative to surgery. However, perioperative thromboembolic complications are more frequent in the elderly population.
Secret-key agreement over unauthenticated public channels I: Definitions and a completeness result

This is the first part of a three-part paper on secret-key agreement secure against active adversaries. In all three parts, we address the question whether two parties, knowing some correlated pieces of information X and Y, respectively, can generate a string S about which an adversary, knowing some information Z and having read and write access to the communication channel used by the legitimate partners, is almost completely ignorant. Whether such key agreement is possible, and if yes at which rate, is an inherent property of the joint probability distribution P/sub XYZ/. In this part, we first prove a number of general impossibility results. We then consider the important special case where the legitimate partners as well as the adversary have access to the outcomes of many independent repetitions of a fixed tripartite random experiment. In this case, the result characterizing the possibility of secret-key agreement secure against active adversaries is of all-or-nothing nature: either a secret key can be generated at the same rate as in the (well-studied) passive-adversary case, or such secret-key agreement is completely impossible. The exact condition characterizing the two cases is presented.
Impact of a multi-component antenatal vaccine promotion package on improving knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about influenza and Tdap vaccination during pregnancy

ABSTRACT Objective: Understanding whether interventions designed to improve antenatal vaccine uptake also change women's knowledge about vaccination is critical for improving vaccine coverage. This exploratory study evaluates the effectiveness of a multi-component influenza and tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine promotion package on improving women's knowledge, attitudes and beliefs toward antenatal vaccination. Study Design: In 2012/2013 a cluster-randomized trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of a vaccine promotion package on improving antenatal vaccine coverage. Participants included 325 unvaccinated pregnant women from 11 obstetric practices in Georgia. Eleven health beliefs measures were assessed at baseline and 2–3 months post-partum. Outcomes were differences in proportions of women citing favorable responses to each measure between study groups at follow-up. Results: Women enrolled in their third trimester had a higher probability of asking family members to vaccinate to protect the infant if they were in the intervention group versus the control group (36% vs. 22%; risk ratio [RR] = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21, 2.26). A similar association was not observed among women enrolled before their third trimester (39% vs. 44%; RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.73). There were no other significant differences at follow-up between study groups. Conclusions: While exposure to the intervention package may have raised awareness that vaccinating close contacts can protect an infant, there is little evidence that the package changed women's attitudes and beliefs toward antenatal vaccination. Future research should ensure adequate exposure to the intervention and consider study design aspects including power to assess changes in secondary outcomes, discriminatory power of response options, and social desirability bias. This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov, study ID NCT01761799.
Phylogenetic relationships of Malaysia’s long-tailed macaques, Macaca fascicularis, based on cytochrome b sequences

Abstract Phylogenetic relationships among Malaysia’s long-tailed macaques have yet to be established, despite abundant genetic studies of the species worldwide. The aims of this study are to examine the phylogenetic relationships of Macaca fascicularis in Malaysia and to test its classification as a morphological subspecies. A total of 25 genetic samples of M. fascicularis yielding 383 bp of Cytochrome b (Cyt b) sequences were used in phylogenetic analysis along with one sample each of M. nemestrina and M. arctoides used as outgroups. Sequence character analysis reveals that Cyt b locus is a highly conserved region with only 23% parsimony informative character detected among ingroups. Further analysis indicates a clear separation between populations originating from different regions; the Malay Peninsula versus Borneo Insular, the East Coast versus West Coast of the Malay Peninsula, and the island versus mainland Malay Peninsula populations. Phylogenetic trees (NJ, MP and Bayesian) portray a consistent clustering paradigm as Borneo’s population was distinguished from Peninsula’s population (99% and 100% bootstrap value in NJ and MP respectively and 1.00 posterior probability in Bayesian trees). The East coast population was separated from other Peninsula populations (64% in NJ, 66% in MP and 0.53 posterior probability in Bayesian). West coast populations were divided into 2 clades: the North-South (47%/54% in NJ, 26/26% in MP and 1.00/0.80 posterior probability in Bayesian) and Island-Mainland (93% in NJ, 90% in MP and 1.00 posterior probability in Bayesian). The results confirm the previous morphological assignment of 2 subspecies, M. f. fascicularis and M. f. argentimembris, in the Malay Peninsula. These populations should be treated as separate genetic entities in order to conserve the genetic diversity of Malaysia’s M. fascicularis. These findings are crucial in aiding the conservation management and translocation process of M. fascicularis populations in Malaysia.
Effects of Multiple-Choice and Short-Answer Tests on Delayed Retention Learning

This research investigated the value of short-answer in-class tests as learning aids. Undergraduate students ( n=187) in 9 technology education classes were given information booklets concerning “high-tech” materials without additional instruction. The control group was not tested initially. Students in the experimental groups were either given a multiple-choice or a short-answer in-class test when they returned the booklets. All groups were tested for delayed retention three weeks later. The delayed retention test included subtests of previously tested and new information. Both short answer and multiplechoice tests were more effective than no test in promoting delayed retention learning. No difference was found between short-answer and multiple-choice tests as learning aids on the subtest of information which had not been tested on the initial tests, however, multiple-choice tests were more effective in promotion of retention learning of the information actually contained in the immediate posttests. This study compared two types of teacher-made in-class tests (multiplechoice and short-answer) with a no test (control) condition to determine their relative effectiveness as aids to retention learning (that learning which is still retained weeks after the initial instruction and testing have occurred). The investigation involved instruction via self-paced texts, initial testing of learning, and delayed testing 3 weeks later. The delayed tests, which included both previously tested information and novel information that had not been previously tested, provided the experimental data for the study. Background The importance of testing in education makes it an important topic of continuing research. As technology education evolves to emphasize more cognitive learning, the time devoted to testing and the effects of testing will become increasingly important. Most of the research on testing which has been reported
Dating Experiences of Bullies in Early Adolescence

In this study, 196 young adolescents who reported that they bullied their peers were identified out of a sample of 1,758 students in Grades 5 through 8. After selecting from the total sample a group of nonbullying youth who were matched on gender, school, and grade, a comparison was made of the groups' dating experiences, quality of friend and boyfriend or girlfriend relationships, and acts of physical and social aggression. The results indicated that bullies started dating earlier and engaged in more advanced dyadic dating than comparison adolescents. Bullies were highly relationship oriented, yet their views of their friends and boyfriends or girlfriends were less positive and less equitable than the comparison adolescents. Finally, bullies were more likely to report physical and social aggression with their boyfriends or girlfriends. Although the bullies reported more advanced pubertal development, this factor did not fully account for their dating precocity and negative romantic relationships. The results confirmed our hypotheses that adolescents whose peer relationships are characterized by bullying are at risk in their development of healthy romantic relationships.
Robust multi-level current-mode on-chip interconnect signaling in the presence of process variations

The paper presents a novel process-tolerant multi-level signaling system for on-chip interconnects. Novel multi-level driver and receiver designs are presented which are robust in the presence of process-induced parameter variation and uncertainties. Monte Carlo analyses show that the interconnect delay and total average power are normally distributed with a standard deviation of around 9.46% and 15.96% respectively for a 10 mm line in 100 nm technology. Individual parameter sensitivity analyses show that the total average power is most influenced by supply voltage and effective gate length, and delay is most influenced by interconnect resistance and capacitance. Yield of high performance and low power bins in 100 nm technology under process variations using the proposed multi-level signaling system is 36.1%, yield of high performance bins is 27.3% and yield of low power bins is 25.1% and yield of bad bins is only 11.5%.
Changing interpersonal communication through groupware use

Interpersonal communication is the basis for almost any type of cooperation. Changing patterns of communication may have an impact on the quality of cooperative work. In this paper, we describe user experiences in a longterm groupware project. We examined communication changes, both planned and unplanned, as a result of the system introduction. We found reduced face-to-face communication, task-related and task- unrelated, as well as a changing dissemination of information. Certain losses in interpersonal communication were compensated for by user advocacy and design team-user workshops. We propose that with groupware introduction, organizations should consider support for both planned and informal means as compensation for reduced communication.