Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words?

Recent evidence indicates that political coverage in newspapers varies from outlet to outlet in correlation with the political atmosphere of those papers.Visual images from photographs of political candidates published in these newspapers are no exception. Although previous works have examined the importance of visual images on observer evaluations, little work has been done to assess whether differing newspaper photographs of a political candidate can actually shape how potential voters view that candidate. We address this gap in the extant literature through an experiment designed to assess the potential influence of candidate photographs on voter perceptions when partisanship is not available as a heuristic device.The results of our study indicate that newspaper photographs can shape how voters evaluate a candidate's personal traits, their general impression of that candidate,and their decision whether to vote for that candidate.We also found thatwomen and men are affected differently by photographs, with the former influenced more by a positive picture and the latter triggered by a negative one.
Effect of Gums on Yogurt Characteristics

The effects of xanthan and carrageenan gums at different concentrations on the rheological, microbiological, chemical and sensory properties of yogurt were studied. The viscosity of samples containing gums increased compared to the control sample. Yogurt samples with xanthan gum at a concentration of 0.01% showed the highest viscosity during ten days storage. Syneresis of yogurt samples was measured at 4° C and 25°C. The results showed that samples with gums had less syneresis during storage. Samples containing xanthan gum at a concentration of 0.01% exhibited high resistance to syneresis during all days. pH and total solids of the samples did not change using gums during storage. In addition, mould, yeasts and coliform groups were not detected in samples at the end of storage period. Yogurt treated with 0.005% xanthan gum gained the highest sensory score compared to the other treatments.
On surfaces with $p_g=2$, $q=1$ and non-birational bicanonical map

In the present note we show that any surface of general type with $p_g=2$,$q=1$ and non-birational bicanonical map has a pencil of curves of genus 2. Combining this result with previous ones, one obtains thatan irregular surface $S$ of general type with $\chi(S)\geq 2$ and non-birational bicanonical map has a pencil of curves of genus 2.
Information Displays and Decision Processes

Information displays influence decision processes by facilitating some decision strategies while hindering others. Component characteristics of displays, such as the form, organization, and sequence of information, influence decision processes through an adaptive mechanism whereby a decision maker balances the desire to maximize accuracy against the desire to minimize effort. Variations in the information display lead to changes in the anticipated effort and anticipated accuracy of each available strategy and, therefore, provide an incentive for decision makers to use different decision processes. Research in this area can provide guidance regarding the use of displays and other decision-aiding approaches.
Noeud vital for breathing in the brainstem: gasping—yes, eupnoea—doubtful

For the past 200 years, various regions of the brainstem have been proposed as a ‘noeud vital’ for breathing—a critical region which, when destroyed, results in an irreversible cessation of breathing and death. Complicating this search for a noeud vital is the extensive network of neurons that comprises the brainstem respiratory control system of pons and medulla. Does a cessation of breathing following ablation of any region reflect the removal of a critical set of neurons whose activity generates the respiratory rhythm or does it reflect the interruption of one component of the neuronal circuit, such that this circuit cannot function, at least temporarily? An additional complication is that in contemporary neuroscience, a number of in vitro preparations have been introduced for the study of the generation of the respiratory rhythms. However, how are the rhythms that these preparations generate related to normal breathing? Are these rhythms similar to those of gasping, which is recruited when normal, eupnoeic breathing fails, or are these rhythms unique to the in vitro preparation and not related to any breathing pattern in vivo?
The role of dominance, cyber aggression perpetration, and gender on emerging adults' perpetration of intimate partner violence

Objective: This study explored how cyber aggression perpetration moderates the relationship between dominance and emerging adults' perpetration of psychological and physical intimate partner violence (IPV) using couple data. Method: The Dating Relationships Survey was administered online to emerging adult dating couples (n = 148 couples). Both partners answered the same questions about control, violence, and cyber aggression in their relationships after agreeing to an honor code that stated they would complete the survey separately. Results: Actor-partner interdependence models showed that dominance and cyber aggression have significant actor effects, but the effects are different for men's and women's psychological and physical IPV perpetration. The models also revealed significant partner effects. Contrary to the hypothesis, women's cyber aggression reduced the relationship between women's dominance and physical IPV perpetration for their boyfriends. Conclusions: Electronic communication plays an important role in mitigating physical IPV perpetration for men. As such, dating violence prevention programs should educate couples about healthy expression of emotions in an online environment to reduce the use of cyber aggression and physical IPV in romantic relationships.
Supporting or Subverting Learning: Peer Group Patterns in Four Tracked Schools1

Why do proeducational peer patterns emerge in one classroom and anti-educational relationships in another? Focusing on the school's role in generating these differences, this paper argues that peer group academic orientation is a reaction to the expectations and constraints of a specific educational structure. It analyzes the impact of one structur—tracking—on the peer group and speculatively explains the emergence of contrasting high- and low-track patterns.
Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for the Diagnosis of Latent TB Infection – Analysis of Discordant Results, when Compared to the Tuberculin Skin Test

Background With the Interferon-γ release assays (IGRA) a new method for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infections (LTBI) is available. Due to the lack of a gold standard for the diagnosis of LTBI, the IGRA is compared to the Mantoux Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), which yields discordant results in varying numbers. Therefore we assessed to which extent discordant results can be explained by potential risk factors such as age, BCG vaccination and migration. Methods and Findings In this pooled analysis, two German studies evaluating the Quantiferon-Gold In-Tube test (QFT) by comparison with the TST (RT23 of SSI) were combined and logistic regressions for potential risk factors for TST+/QFT− as well as THT−/QFT+ discordance were calculated. The analysis comprises 1,033 participants. Discordant results were observed in 15.4%, most of them being TST+/QFT− combinations. BCG vaccination or migration explained 85.1% of all TST+/QFT− discordance. Age explained 49.1% of all TST−/QFT+ discordance. Agreement between the two tests was 95.6% in German-born persons younger than 40 years and not BCG-vaccinated. Conclusions After adjustment for potential risk factors for positive or negative TST results, agreement of QFT and TST is excellent with little potential that the TST is more likely to detect old infections than the QFT. In surveillance programs for LTBI in high-income, low TB incidence countries like Germany the QFT is especially suited for persons with BCG vaccination or migrants due to better specificity and in older persons due to its superior sensitivity.
Self-Confrontation via a Carbon Footprint Calculator Increases Guilt and Support for a Proenvironmental Group

Guilt occurs when people realize they have violated personal or social standards for behavior. For example, past research found that confronting Whites for racist behavior created guilt, which motivated behavior change. Carbon footprint calculators provide a venue for self-confrontation about the impact of one’s behavior on the environment. In Study 1, participants were randomly assigned to learn their carbon footprint was larger or smaller than the average United States’ citizen. Participants confronted with a larger-than-average carbon footprint reported more personal guilt, but not shame or anger, than participants who learned they had a smaller-thanaverage carbon footprint. In Study 2, participants confronted with evidence that Americans had a larger carbon footprint than other industrialized nations reported more collective guilt, but no less collective pride, than participants who learned Americans had a smaller carbon footprint. Collective guilt then partially mediated the association between carbon footprint feedback and support for a proenvironmental group.
Hormone Replacement Therapy Versus the Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill in Premature Ovarian Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effects on Bone Mineral Density.

CONTEXT Women with premature ovarian failure (POF) face many years of estrogen deficiency. One of the major consequences is bone loss. The optimal form of estrogen replacement is unknown and management is not evidence based. The 2 broad options are combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP). OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of HRT and COCP on bone density and turnover in women with spontaneous POF and to observe the effects of no treatment. DESIGN Two-year open randomized trial comparing HRT and COCP and nonrandomized observation of women declining treatment using the same protocol. SETTING London teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS A total of 59 women with spontaneous POF aged 18-44, 30 women elected to take treatment and were randomized, and 29 declined treatment. INTERVENTION Randomization was to HRT (Nuvelle) or COCP (Microgynon 30). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was change in lumbar spine bone mineral density. Changes in total hip and femoral neck bone density and bone turnover markers were also assessed. RESULTS A total of 36 women (61%) completed the trial (no treatment 52%; HRT 60%; COCP 80%). In comparison with COCP, treatment with HRT increased bone density at the lumbar spine at 2 years (+0.050 g/cm(2); 95% confidence interval 0.007-0.092; P = . 025). Bone turnover markers showed similar reductions in the 2 treatment groups. In the no treatment group, bone density dropped at all sites and bone turnover markers remained relatively unchanged. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that HRT is superior to COCP in increasing bone density at the lumbar spine in women with spontaneous POF. The limitations of a small sample size and high drop-out rate mean that further research is required to confirm the findings. However, either treatment is clearly superior to no treatment.
Deep Structure of the Northeast Tibetan Collision Zone : INDEPTH IV The Himalaya-Tibet Collision Zone

The Himalayan Mountain Belt and adjacent Tibetan Plateau (Figure 1) remain the world’s foremost natural laboratory for investigation of continental collisional tectonics. The continuing debate over how the Asian continent has responded to the embedding of the Indian subcontinent has variously revolved around concepts such as distributed shortening (e.g. Dewey and Burke, 1973), wholesale continental underthrusting (e.g. Argand, 1924; Powell and Conaghan, 1973; Ni and Barazangi, 1984), indentor tectonics (Tapponnier and Molnar, 1976), orogenic collapse (Tapponnier et al., 1986); delamination (e.g. England and Houseman, 1989); and ductile flow in the lower crust (e.g. Zhao and Morgan, 1985; Clark and Royden, 2000; Beaumont et al., 2001). Intrinsic to most, if not all, of these concepts is the degree of subduction of the Indian plate beneath the southern margin of Asia (see DeCelles et al., 2002, and Chemenda et al., 2000, for recent takes on this issue). Subduction of Asian continental crust beneath the Tibetan Plateau along its northern margin has received less attention, but is a common theme of several recent analyses (Willet and Beaumont, 1994; Tapponnier et al., 2001; Kind et al., 2002). It is this northern margin, and the large-scale geotectonic issues involved, which are the focus of the current proposal.
Perfectionism and Gifted Adolescents

In this study, the connection between perfectionism and gifted adolescents was examined. Quantitative data about attitudes and behaviors concerning perfectionism were gathered from the Goals and Work Habits Survey (Schuler, 1994), and qualitative data were gathered from semistructured interviews and documentary evidence. Results indicate that perfectionism exists on a continuum of behaviors and thoughts from normal to neurotic. Of the gifted adolescents in a rural middle school who took the Goals and Work Habits Survey, 87.5% were perfectionistic. Most (58%) were in the healthy range of perfectionism, while (29.5%) were in the neurotic range. Normal perfectionists viewed order and organization as important in achieving their “personal best. ” Neurotic perfectionists, however, were limited by their fixation on making mistakes, which resulted in a constant state of anxiety. Limitations of the study include the selection and number of participants (20) involved in the case studies from a high-achieving, academically gifted population. The adaptation of one of the instruments that was used to gather data may also be viewed as a limitation of this study.
Cost-of-illness studies and cost-effectiveness analyses in eating disorders: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE To review cost-of-illness studies (COIs) and cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) of eating disorders (EDs) and to describe their methodological quality. METHOD A systematic literature search was done. Search results passed through a selection process, included studies were classified as COIs, CEAs, or "other cost studies" (OCS). Costs were inflated and converted to 2008 US$ purchasing power parities (PPP). Quality criteria were developed and applied to each study. RESULTS Five COI, two CEA, and eleven "OCS" were reviewed. Most studies focused on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Annual costs per patient ranged from 1,288 to 8,042 US$-PPP. All interventions, investigated in CEA, were more effective and less costly than the alternative treatments. DISCUSSION The number of publications investigating costs in EDs has increased recently. However, no COI provided a comprehensive estimate of costs, and the comparability of CEA was limited. Nonetheless, the results indicate that the costs arising from EDs are substantial.
Self-Care Practices of Female Peer Support Specialists with Co-Occurring Mood and Substance Use Disorders

10 Chapter One: Introduction 11 Research Questions 17 Significance of the Study 17 Delimitations and Limitations of the Study 18 Chapter Two: Literature Review 20 Brief History of Peer Support Services 21 Peer Support 23 Co-occurring Mood and Substance Use Disorders 30 Self-care 34 Self-care Practices of Counselors 35 Analysis of Studies 36 Limitations 46 Critical Theory 49 Summary 50 Chapter Three: Method 52 Qualitative Research Design: A Grounded Theory Approach 52 Participants 54 Human Subject Considerations 58 Investigative Process 58
The experience of gay male undergraduate nursing students: A qualitative exploration of professional lives

This thesis examines the experience of gay male student nurses during their university course, which leads to registration as a nurse with the Nursing and Midwifery Council. Using in-depth qualitative interviews I focus on the student’s choice of nursing as a career and their performance of sexuality within the differing spaces of their clinical placements and the university. This thesis explores how these gay student nurses negotiate their gender, masculinity and gay sexuality within the professional boundaries of nursing. Furthermore, it identifies how these students negotiate issues of caring and the formation of therapeutic relationships with their patients, as men and gay men. The theoretical framing of the thesis draws upon Goffman's theories of presentation and performance of the self and Rubin’s 'charmed circle'. Alongside analysis of interview material, I explore the space of the hospital from a personal perspective and interrogate its gendered and desexualized organization through the lens of human geography. Moving between these two analytical frameworks, I examine and draw together the experiences of these students and examine their negotiation of the nursing role as gay men. I argue that the experience of these students and the negotiation of their sexuality as student nurses is fraught and precarious due to the complexities and boundaries of professional nursing roles in contemporary healthcare. Within the conclusion I address the implications of my research for gay nurses, patients, educators and for those who recruit nursing students.
Enlightened fundamentalism? Immigration, feminism and the Right

Anti-immigration, Islamophobic and extreme-Right parties have long been a feature of European politics. But, increasingly, the views and policies promulgated by such parties are being absorbed into a process of governmental policy and decision-making dictated by the ‘war on terror’. National security agendas overlap with the immigration control programmes of the far Right and integration measures imposed by governments reinforce Islamophobia. ‘Multiculturalism’ is seen as a threat to European values and even some feminists are being recruited to an anti-immigrant politics via aggressively promoted stereotypes of Islam.
IS THERE A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELL PHONE USE AND SEMEN QUALITY?

This study was conducted to determine a possible relationship between regular cell phone use and different human semen attributes. The history-taking of men in our university clinic was supplemented with questions concerning cell phone use habits, including possession, daily standby position and daily transmission times. Semen analyses were performed by conventional methods. Statistics were calculated with SPSS statistical software. A total of 371 were included in the study. The duration of possession and the daily transmission time correlated negatively with the proportion of rapid progressive motile sperm (r = − 0.12 and r = − 0.19, respectively), and positively with the proportion of slow progressive motile sperm (r = 0.12 and r = 0.28, respectively). The low and high transmitter groups also differed in the proportion of rapid progressive motile sperm (48.7% vs. 40.6%). The prolonged use of cell phones may have negative effects on the sperm motility characteristics.
'It Depends on the Students Themselves': Independent Language Learning at an Indonesian State School

There is continuing interest in the notion of learner autonomy, both as an effective means and valid goal of a language learning curriculum. However, the concept is recognised as emanating from Western tertiary educational contexts and as open to question in different sociocultural settings. This paper reports on a study of language learning attitudes and activity among adolescents in provincial Indonesia, during their first year in junior high school. Combining questionnaire, interview and classroom observation data, the study found that even younger learners are already learning English independently of their teacher's prescriptions, both inside the classroom and outside formal school. Their openness to the increasing learning opportunities in the local environment is often not recognised in local curricula, however, which instead impose a rigid diet of language items transmitted by teachers and their textbooks and assessed in national exams. In this local context, it seems that the promotion of appropriate forms of learner autonomy is essential if the majority of school pupils are not to be frustrated in their struggle to learn English.
The eSMART study protocol: a randomised controlled trial to evaluate electronic symptom management using the advanced symptom management system (ASyMS) remote technology for patients with cancer

Introduction While some evidence exists that real-time remote symptom monitoring devices can decrease morbidity and prevent unplanned admissions in oncology patients, overall, these studies have significant methodological weaknesses. The electronic Symptom Management using the Advanced Symptom Management System (ASyMS) Remote Technology (eSMART) study is designed to specifically address these weaknesses with an appropriately powered, repeated-measures, parallel-group stratified randomised controlled trial of oncology patients. Methods and analysis A total of 1108 patients scheduled to commence first-line chemotherapy (CTX) for breast, colorectal or haematological cancer will be recruited from multiple sites across five European countries. Patients will be randomised (1:1) to the ASyMS intervention (intervention group) or to standard care currently available at each site (control group). Patients in the control and intervention groups will complete a demographic and clinical questionnaire, as well as a set of valid and reliable electronic patient-reported outcome measures at enrolment, after each of their CTX cycles (up to a maximum of six cycles) and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after completion of their sixth cycle of CTX. Outcomes that will be assessed include symptom burden (primary outcome), quality of life, supportive care needs, anxiety, self-care self-efficacy, work limitations and cost effectiveness and, from a health professional perspective, changes in clinical practice (secondary outcomes). Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval will be obtained prior to the implementation of all major study amendments. Applications will be submitted to all of the ethics committees that granted initial approval. eSMART received approval from the relevant ethics committees at all of the clinical sites across the five participating countries. In collaboration with the European Cancer Patient Coalition (ECPC), the trial results will be disseminated through publications in scientific journals, presentations at international conferences, and postings on the eSMART website and other relevant clinician and consumer websites; establishment of an eSMART website (www.esmartproject.eu) with publicly accessible general information; creation of an eSMART Twitter Handle, and production of a toolkit for implementing/utilising the ASyMS technology in a variety of clinical practices and other transferable health care contexts. Trial registration number NCT02356081.