Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional modulation of motor response inhibition in women with borderline personality disorder: an fMRI study.

BACKGROUND Both emotion regulation and impulsivity are core aspects of borderline personality disorder (BPD) pathology. Although both problems may be combined specifically in BPD, few studies to date have investigated the emotional modulation of impulsivity in BPD. METHODS Women with BPD and matched healthy controls performed go/no-go tasks after induction of anger, joy or a neutral mood by vocally presented short stories. Dependent variables were the behavioural results and functional magnetic resonance imaging data. RESULTS We included 17 women with BPD and 18 controls in our study. No behavioural group differences were found. However, patients with BPD showed stronger activation of the left amygdala and weaker activation of the subgenual anterior cingulate during anger induction than controls. Inhibition in the go/no-go task after anger induction increased activity in the left inferior frontal cortex in controls, but not in women with BPD, who, in turn, showed increased activation in the subthalamic nucleus. LIMITATIONS Findings cannot be generalized to men, and 4 patients were taking antidepressant medication (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). In addition, no patient control group was investigated, thus we do not know whether findings are specific to BPD compared with other disorders. CONCLUSION Our findings are consistent with the view that a disturbed amygdala-prefrontal network in patients with BPD is compensated by a subcortical loop involving the subthalamic nucleus, leading to normal behavioural inhibition in these patients.
Individualisation and Poverty Over Time: The Italian Case (1985–2011)

ABSTRACT In the last few years, much sociological debate has focused on individualisation theory, especially on Beck's risk society version. According to this theory, contemporary social change can be interpreted as the progressive weakening of the influence of social structures on individual behaviour. Individualisation theory has been adopted in many fields of study (voting behaviour, consumption behaviour, etc.). Although much of the debate has a theoretical character, there have been some attempts to empirically assess individualisation theory. As far as poverty is concerned, scholars supporting individualisation theory, as well as scholars opposing it, have adopted one of the following methodological strategies: highlighting the role played by individual variables (especially by life course variables) rather than structural variables; controlling for individual rather than structural variables. Both these approaches focus on short observation windows; however, it is necessary to consider long periods in order to assess the core of individualisation theory, i.e. the decreasing influence of social structures. Our approach assesses the change (rather than the stability) of the individual-level relationship between structures (occupational classes, education, etc.) and poverty over a long time period. This changing-parameter model is implemented through multilevel modelling with families at level one and years at level two. The analysis focuses on the Italian case and it is based on data from the Family Expenditure Survey (Indagine sui Consumi delle Famiglie) that was collected by the Italian Statistical Institute (ISTAT). It covers the period from 1985 to 2011. The results seem to indicate that there is stability in the relationship between structures and poverty.
Direct Determination of Rheological Characteristics of Debris Flow

(4) 0 dy where t = shear stress; t0 = Bingham yield stress; m = dynamic viscosity; and du/dy = shear rate. Then, adding coarse particles successively, the concentration of coarse particles was 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, and 0.35, respectively, and the average diameter was 0.55, 1.01, 1.18, and 1.63 mm, respectively. The sedimentations were observed at the range of shear rate 20‐56 s 21 . The larger the effective concentration of slurry, the larger the shear rate of sedimentation. The larger the diameter of coarse particles, the smaller the shear rate of sedimentation. The model of O’Brien and Julien as described by Julien and Lan (1991) was fitted to the rheological curves of nonsedimentation: 2 du du t = t 1 h 1 z (5) y SD dy dy
Who is Gifted? A computerised identification procedure

A computerised identification procedure was developed to provide a database for facilitating the identification of gifted children. It employed a multiple criteria definition of the concept of giftedness based on the following principles: Gifted and talented children should be identified as early as possible. The focus of identification is not only to label a child as gifted or talented, but to recognise and respond to each one's educational needs. The identification of the gifted and talented requires the utilisation of both formal and informal measures obtained from many sources in a wide variety of settings. Identification instruments and procedures must match the programmes provided for gifted and talented children. The research showed that matching gifted pupils to special educational programmes could be facilitated by the use of computerised Individualised Educational Programmes (IEPs). This implies the importance of the introduction of microcomputers into schools and their implementation in the tea.
Being gay: Coming out in the 21st century

This film begins with a chronology of gay and lesbian history in the United States starting in the 1940s. It captures significant events, such as the expulsion of gay soldiers from the US military following the end of World War II, the Stonewall riots, sexual liberation in the 60s, the declassification of homosexuality as a mental illness in the 70s, and the tragic onset of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the 80s. The film continues by defining the terminology of the community – gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, questioning, queer, or the acronym GLBTQ. As the film progresses, stereotypes and myths are identified, the stages of coming out are presented, the role of families and friends in supporting GLBTQ individuals is acknowledged, and finally a listing of sources for further information is provided. The film is narrated by an ethnically diverse cast of youth counselors, pastors, historians, psychotherapists, and GLBTQ youth. Personal histories are paired with on-screen text to give depth to the information presented. For example, when discussing the terminology, the screen displays a dictionary-style definition of the specific term, followed by one of the interviewee’s telling his or her own story of coming to develop this identity. Scope and Purpose. Although the target audience is not clearly stated on the website or video jacket, the fact that many of the interviewees are young adults suggests this is most suitable to youth and their parents. It may also have some utility in an educational setting. The film focuses on US culture and is probably best suited for American audiences, or groups in other countries interested in the American perspective. The language used is approachable, and should be understandable by most individuals in and beyond mid-adolescence. The purpose of the video is also not
Feeding Families: African Realities and British Ideas of Nutrition and Development in Early Colonial Africa

care of orphans: the family, the community, the international community— or nobody, with the children left on their own. Masterfully, Guest weaves together the individual stories of orphans and those who assist them with the complex realities and misperceptions of the African orphan crisis. Policy problems and failures are well documented and explained in succinct, accessible prose. What this means is that one part of the book is not dominant; the book never reaches the extreme of being either a tearjerker or a cold academic analysis. On the one hand, the book is not, and does not claim to be, a "scientific" study. On the other hand, a purely scientific study sometimes does not convey the hard realities and the human side of policy outcomes. This book is a study both of human tragedy and human political inaction, finely balanced to portray one of the greatest challenges facing Africans and African governments today. Robert L. Ostergard Jr. Binghamton University, State University of New York Binghamton, New York
p53 codon 72 ARG/PRO polymorphism is not related to HPV type or lesion grade in low‐ and high‐grade squamous intra‐epithelial lesions and invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix

A polymorphism at codon 72 of the p53 gene, resulting in either an arginine or a proline residue in the protein, has been reported to affect the susceptibility of p53 to human papillomavirus (HPV) E6‐mediated degradation in cultured cells. However, the relevance of this polymorphism to naturally occurring HPV infection is unclear. Therefore, we analysed its relationship to infecting HPV type and lesion grade in a series of low‐ and high‐grade squamous intra‐epithelial lesions (SILs) and invasive carcinoma of the cervix. DNA extracted from morphologically characterised, paraffin‐embedded tissues (30 normal cervices, 118 low‐grade SILs, 118 high‐grade SILs and 43 invasive carcinomas) was examined for the presence and type of HPV DNA, and the p53 genotype was identified by both allele‐specific PCR and PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism. There was no significant relationship between the frequency of p53 genotypes and either HPV type or lesion grade. Our data do not support the hypothesis that this p53 polymorphism is involved in the development of high‐grade squamous cervical disease in this population. Int. J. Cancer 83:66–69, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Career commitment and career success: moderating role of self‐efficacy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to expand the literature on career success by examining the moderating role of self‐efficacy on the relationship between career commitment and career success.Design/methodology/approach – Managers and non‐manager employees and surveyed in Lebanon regarding their career commitment, self‐efficacy and career success. Regression analyses are used to test the hypotheses.Findings – The results showed that career commitment predicted both objective (i.e. salary level) and subjective (i.e. career satisfaction) career success only for employees with average to high self‐efficacy but not for those with low self‐efficacy.Research limitations/implications – The specific nature of the cross‐sectional sample consisting of employees working in private banking organisations may limit the generalisability of results.Practical implications – Employees and employers may benefit from a close examination of the motivational and cognitive dimensions that are important in career‐decision m.
Creating Gender Role Behavior: Demonstrating the Impact of Power Differentials

This demonstration draws parallels between the Zimbardo prison experiment and the impact that assignment to low and high power role scan have on the behavior of men and women. College students rated men and women on dominant and subordinate traits, watched a video of Zimbardo's (Haney, Banks, & Zimbardo, 1973) prison study, then rated the prisoners and guards. This demonstration illustrates how psychologically healthy White men (typically perceived as dominants) will exhibit the same “personality characteristics” or gender role behaviors ascribed to women (typically perceived as subordinates) when placed in a subordinate role. Students reported that this demonstration gave them valuable insight into the impact of power differentials.
Relativistically Smeared X-Ray Reprocessed Components in the Ginga Spectra of GS 2023+338

We present results of spectral analysis of Ginga data obtained during the decline phase after the 1989 outburst of GS 2023+338 (V404 Cyg). Our analysis includes detailed modeling of the effects of X-ray reflection/reprocessing. We have found that (1) the contribution of the reprocessed component (both continuum and line) corresponds to the solid angle of the reprocessor as seen from the X-ray source of Ω ≈ (0.4-0.5) × 2π, and (2) the reprocessed component (both line and continuum) is broadened (“smeared”) by kinematic and relativistic effects, as expected from the accretion disk reflection. We discuss the constraints these results give on various possible system geometries.
Bayesian selection of sign μ within mSUGRA in global fits including WMAP5 results

We study the properties of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (mSUGRA) by performing fits to updated indirect data, including the relic density of dark matter inferred from WMAP5. In order to find the extent to which ? 0, we compare the Bayesian evidence values for these models, which we obtain straightforwardly and with good precision from the recently developed multi-modal nested sampling (`MULTINEST') technique. We find weak to moderate evidence for the ? >? 0 branch of mSUGRA over ? 0)/P(? 0 in mSUGRA. The MULTINEST technique also delivers probability distributions of parameters and other relevant quantities such as superpartner masses. We explore the dependence of our results on the choice of the prior measure used. We also use the Bayesian evidence to quantify the consistency between the mSUGRA parameter inferences coming from the constraints that have the largest effects: (g? 2)? , BR(b? s? ) and cold dark matter (DM) relic density ? DMh2.
Internet Search Behaviors and Mood Alterations: A Selective Exposure Approach

The present study has been designed in an attempt to replicate and expand the parameters of D. Zillmann and J. Bryant's selective exposure approach to use of the Internet. In applying this theoretical framework to the Internet, it was expected that persons experiencing unpleasant levels of excitation would arrange their Internet environment in order to terminate their aversive states. Through experimentally manipulating levels of boredom and stress and subsequently recording Internet surfing patterns, it was found that although mood significantly predicted Internet hits, it was not associated with the hedonic valence of the site.
Brain injury in premature neonates: A primary cerebral dysmaturation disorder?

With advances in neonatal care, preterm neonates are surviving with an evolving constellation of motor and cognitive disabilities that appear to be related to widespread cellular maturational disturbances that target cerebral gray and white matter. Whereas preterm infants were previously at high risk for destructive brain lesions that resulted in cystic white matter injury and secondary cortical and subcortical gray matter degeneration, contemporary cohorts of preterm survivors commonly display less severe injury that does not appear to involve pronounced glial or neuronal loss. Nevertheless, these milder forms of injury are also associated with reduced cerebral growth. Recent human and experimental studies support that impaired cerebral growth is related to disparate responses in gray and white matter. Myelination disturbances in cerebral white matter are related to aberrant regeneration and repair responses to acute death of premyelinating late oligodendrocyte progenitors (preOLs). In response to preOL death, early oligodendrocyte progenitors rapidly proliferate and differentiate, but the regenerated preOLs fail to normally mature to myelinating cells required for white matter growth. Although immature neurons appear to be more resistant to cell death from hypoxia–ischemia than glia, they display widespread disturbances in maturation of their dendritic arbors, which further contribute to impaired cerebral growth. These complex and disparate responses of neurons and preOLs thus result in large numbers of cells that fail to fully mature during a critical window in development of neural circuitry. These recently recognized forms of cerebral gray and white matter dysmaturation raise new diagnostic challenges and suggest new therapeutic directions centered on reversal of the processes that promote dysmaturation. Ann Neurol 2014;75:469–486
In-patient psychiatric care for individuals with intellectual disabilities: the service users' and carers' perspectives

Background: Little is known about the experiences of individuals with intellectual disabilities and additional mental health problems who are admitted for inpatient psychiatric care. In the UK such care is delivered in both generic psychiatric and specialised treatment settings. Aims: The present study explored service users' and carers' views on in-patient psychiatric treatment received across these two settings. Method: Thirty service users and wherever possible their main carers were interviewed about their views on the psychiatric admission, treatment and discharge process. Data was gathered during semi-structured, one-to-one interviews. Results: Both service users and carers identified positive and negative aspects of the psychiatric admission. For service users lack of control and information, support from staff, or conversely its absence emerged as key themes. For carers concerns about service users' vulnerability, negative staff attitudes and opportunities for involvement emerged as key themes. The accounts of both groups regarding generic psychiatric settings were predominantly negative. In contrast, specialized settings were frequently described as providing a pleasant environment, supportive and caring staff, good information sharing and satisfactory discharge arrangements. Conclusions: Important areas for service improvements are highlighted. Implications in particular for generic settings are considered. Declaration of Interest: None.
THE ATTITUDE-ACHIEVEMENT PARADOX AMONG BLACK ADOLESCENTS

Many black youths and adults express a high regard for education even though their academic performance is poor. Utilizing a sample of 1,193 high school seniors, this article resolves the attitude-achievement paradox by demonstrating that attitudes toward education are multidimensional. The first dimension is composed of abstract attitudes that reflect the dominant ideology. The second dimension is composed of concrete attitudes that inform achievement behavior. Unlike abstract attitudes, these concrete attitudes are rooted in life experience in which educational credentials may not be fairly rewarded by the opportunity structure. The paradox of poor grades but positive attitudes toward education among blacks vanishes when concrete, rather than abstract, attitudes are related to high school grades. Substantively, the study reported in this article illustrates how race and class, which are large components of the social context of achievement, influence school outcomes. Education has had a special place in the hearts and minds of black Americans since the era of Reconstruction. Although public schooling was not widely available until over 100 years after the demise of slavery, blacks held fast to their faith in education as one of the few institutions that could lift them from poverty and oppression. Even so, the rhetorical importance that blacks place on education has rarely been matched by their scholastic performance. This research examines an important issue in the education of blacks, specifically the paradox of consistently positive attitudes toward education, coupled with frequently poor academic achievement. In his 1966 report, Coleman and his colleagues noted that black students held highly favorable attitudes toward education irrespective of their performance: "Negroes . give a picture of students who report high interest in academic achievement, but whose
How and by whom care is delivered influences anti-inflammatory use in asthma: Results of a national population survey.

BACKGROUND Studies examining the influence of provider behavior and patterns of care delivery on the use of anti-inflammatory asthma therapy have been limited to selected populations or have been unable to assess the appropriateness of therapy for individuals. We have previously reported the influence of sociodemographic variables and asthma severity on reported use of asthma medications in the United States. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the influence of patterns of care delivery and clinician behavioral factors on the use of anti-inflammatory medication by patients with asthma. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional national random digit dial household telephone survey in 1998 of adult patients and parents of children with current asthma. Respondents were classified as having current asthma if they had a physician's diagnosis of asthma and were either taking medication for asthma or had asthma symptoms during the past year. RESULTS One or more persons met the study criteria for current asthma in 3273 (7.8%) households in which a screening questionnaire was completed. Of the 2509 persons (721 children <16 years of age) with current asthma interviewed, 507 (20.1%) reported current use of anti-inflammatory medication. In a multiple logistic regression model controlling for asthma symptoms, reported anti-inflammatory use was significantly associated with patients reporting their physician having an excellent ability to explain asthma management (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.09-1.98), scheduling regular visits to a physician for asthma (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.02-1.64), having a written asthma action plan (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.29-2.06), and being of white, non-Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.19-1.98), along with markers of greater asthma morbidity, missing 6 or more days from work or school in the past year (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.01-1.65), and hospitalization for asthma in the past year (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.19-2.53). Anti-inflammatory use was less likely to be reported with younger age (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73-0.94), lower long-term asthma symptom burden (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71-0.94), use of 4 or fewer reliever inhaler canisters in the past year (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.43-0.58), and smoking (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.37-0.68). CONCLUSION How asthma care is delivered influences the use of anti-inflammatory medication. Strategies to increase regular evaluation by a physician interested in asthma, particularly for minority patients, and to increase a physician's ability to communicate asthma management to patients might improve use of anti-inflammatory therapy among patients with asthma.
Information behavior and HIV testing intentions among young men at risk for HIV/AIDS

Health research shows that knowing about health risks may not translate into behavior change. However, such research typically operationalizes health information acquisition with knowledge tests. Information scientists who investigate socially embedded information behaviors could help improve understanding of potential associations between information behavior—as opposed to knowledge—and health behavior formation, thus providing new opportunities to investigate the effects of health information. We examine the associations between information behavior and HIV testing intentions among young men who have sex with men (YMSM), a group with high rates of unrecognized HIV infection. We used the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict intentions to seek HIV testing in an online sample of 163 YMSM. Multiple regression and recursive path analysis were used to test two models: (a) the basic TPB model and (b) an adapted model that added the direct effects of three information behaviors (information exposure, use of information to make HIV‐testing decisions, prior experience obtaining an HIV test) plus self‐rated HIV knowledge. As hypothesized, our adapted model improved predictions, explaining more than twice as much variance as the original TPB model. The results suggest that information behaviors may be more important predictors of health behavior intentions than previously acknowledged.