Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Unbounded Interviews, Time in Sample, and Recency on Reported Crimes in the National Crime Victimization Survey

The overall design of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) has been largely stable for over 30 years. Households in sampled housing units are interviewed for 7 waves, each time collecting data for the previous 6 months. Until recently, the 1st wave has been omitted from the published estimates to exclude reports outside of the intended 6-month reference period. Using publicly available data for 1998-2004, we report on a series of analyses to investigate more current effects of the bounding and find evidence of more general time-in-sample effects. We will also report on the effect of recency in the observed incident reports, where more crimes are reported in the 1st month preceding the interview date than each of the previous 5 months. These phenomena are important in considering a range of design options for the NCVS that would alter the reference period or panel design.
Positive Affectivity and Collective Efficacy as Moderators of the Relationship Between Perceived Politics and Job Satisfaction

This study explores the moderating potential of positive affectivity (PA) and perceived collective efficacy (PCE) on the relationship between 3 dimensions of politics perceptions and job satisfaction. We hypothesized that high levels of PA and PCE, in unison, would buffer the harmful effects of perceived politics on job satisfaction. Regression analyses for the 3 dimensions (i.e., general politics, go along to get along, and pay and promotion) yielded a significant finding for the PA × PCE × Go Along to Get Along 3-way interaction only. Consistent with our expectations, low PA-low PCE individuals were less satisfied with their jobs when levels of go-along-to-get-along politics increased. Contrary to our hypothesis, however, high PA-high PCE individuals reported a significant inverse relationship between perceived politics and job satisfaction. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are provided.
Sound-induced illusory flash perception: role of gamma band responses

In the recently discovered sound-induced illusory flash phenomenon, a single flash accompanied with two auditory beeps is perceived as two flashes in a majority of trials. Here we asked what the neural substrates distinguishing illusion and no-illusion (i.e. perception of single flash) percepts are under identical stimulus configuration. Wavelet based method was used to analyze &ggr; band (> 30 Hz) responses in the event-related potential (ERP) signals recorded over visual cortical regions. We found: (i) significantly higher oscillatory and induced &ggr; band responses in illusion than in no-illusion trials, and (ii) significant supra-additive audio-visual interactions only in illusion trials. These results provide a clear neurophysiological correlate to the perception of illusion. Furthermore, the results suggest that auditory stimuli modulate cortical processing of visual stimuli, and the flash illusion (qualitative alteration of visual percept) only takes place when this modulation exceeds some critical threshold for the registration of conscious awareness.
Adjuvant Lapatinib and Trastuzumab for Early Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer: Results From the Randomized Phase III Adjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimization Trial.

BACKGROUND Lapatinib (L) plus trastuzumab (T) improves outcomes for metastatic human epidermal growth factor 2-positive breast cancer and increases the pathologic complete response in the neoadjuvant setting, but their role as adjuvant therapy remains uncertain. METHODS In the Adjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimization trial, patients with centrally confirmed human epidermal growth factor 2-positive early breast cancer were randomly assigned to 1 year of adjuvant therapy with T, L, their sequence (T→L), or their combination (L+T). The primary end point was disease-free survival (DFS), with 850 events required for 80% power to detect a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.8 for L+T versus T. RESULTS Between June 2007 and July 2011, 8,381 patients were enrolled. In 2011, due to futility to demonstrate noninferiority of L versus T, the L arm was closed, and patients free of disease were offered adjuvant T. A protocol modification required P ≤ . 025 for the two remaining pairwise comparisons. At a protocol-specified analysis with a median follow-up of 4.5 years, a 16% reduction in the DFS hazard rate was observed with L+T compared with T (555 DFS events; HR, 0.84; 97.5% CI, 0.70 to 1.02; P = .048), and a 4% reduction was observed with T→L compared with T (HR, 0.96; 97.5% CI, 0.80 to 1.15; P = .61). L-treated patients experienced more diarrhea, cutaneous rash, and hepatic toxicity compared with T-treated patients. The incidence of cardiac toxicity was low in all treatment arms. CONCLUSION Adjuvant treatment that includes L did not significantly improve DFS compared with T alone and added toxicity. One year of adjuvant T remains standard of care.
Guleria Hyperhomocysteinemia , and low intakes of folic acid and vitamin B 12 in urban North India

The study was partially supported by a financial grant from Science and Society Division, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. low intakes of folic acid and vitamin B12, which may have an adverse impact on serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy). To test this hypothesis, we studied serum levels of Hcy in subjects living in an urban slum of North India and healthy subjects from urban nonslum area. Methods Group I consisted of 46 subjects (22 males and 24 females) living in an urban slum, while group II consisted of healthy subjects (n = 26, 13 males and 13 females) living in the adjacent non-slum area. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical profile (fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and fasting serum levels of Hcy were measured. Dietary intakes of folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin B1, and iron were calculated by the 24-hour dietary recall method. Serum levels of Hcy were correlated with dietary intakes of nutrients, anthropometry, and metabolic variables. Results Sex-adjusted serum levels of Hcy in μmol/L (Mean ± SD) were high, though statistically comparable, in both the groups (group I: 20.8 ± 5.9 and group II: 23.2 ± 5.9). Overall, higher than normal serum levels of Hcy (> 15 μmol/L) were recorded in 84 % of the subjects. A substantial proportion of subjects in both groups had daily nutrient intakes below that recommended for the Asian Indian population (folic acid: 93.4 % in group I and 96.7 % in group II, vitamin B12: 76.1 % in group I and 88.4 % in group II). However, between the two groups, average daily dietary intakes of both the nutrients were statistically comparable. As compared to nonvegetarians, vegetarians showed lower intakes of folic acid (p < 0.01) and vitamin B12 (p < 0.01) in both groups. On multivariate linear regression analysis with serum Hcy as the response variable and vegetarian/non-vegetarian status and sex (male/female) as predictor variables, higher serum levels of Hcy were observed in vegetarians vs non-vegetarians (β = 4.6, p < 0.05) and males vs females (β = 5.3, p < 0.01). Conclusions Low intakes of folic acid and vitamin B12, and hyperhomocysteinemia, in both the healthy population living in urban slums and adjacent urban non-slum areas, are important observations for the prevention of nutritional and cardiovascular diseases in the Indian subcontinent.
Towards a broader understanding of authority in student–teacher relationships

In this paper we problematise the notion of authority as it appears in discourse relating to school discipline. The account of authority that dominates is narrow and restricted, and the term is sometimes used as a synonym for control. This prohibits full consideration of the range of relationships in which authority manifests itself. We draw on sociological and philosophical literature, and argue that a multi-dimensional concept of authority may offer a more nuanced framework for theorising student–teacher relationships in schools. We consider how each of the forms of authority outlined by Wrong (2002)—coercive, legitimate, competent, personal and authority by inducement—may have some application to the classroom setting. In particular we explore the concept of ‘personal authority' and its potential to enhance understanding of the contested and under-theorised concept of authority. We begin by exploring ways in which the current policy context presents challenges to particular forms of authority.
A psychometric evaluation of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia — from a physiotherapeutic perspective

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish language version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-SV) questionnaire. All in all, 102 patients suffering from chronic low back pain (CLBP) and 60 subjects who took part in aerobics were included in the study. The test of reliability included stability over time and internal consistency. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the total sum of the TSK-SV was 0.91. The Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient for the total sum of the instrument was r = 0.91. Internal consistency assessed with Cronbach's alpha was 0.81 (n = 75). The test of validity included face and content validity assessed by a panel of experts, while construct validity was measured by an exploratory factor analysis and the known groups’ method. The TSK-SV was considered to have face and content validity. The factor analysis indicated a five-factor solution, although the conclusion was formulated in favor of the use of the total score. The known groups' method revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (patients and aerobics), which supports the instrument's construct validity. We concluded that TSK-SV is reliable for use on patients suffering from chronic low back pain. The validity of the instrument needs to be further tested on larger populations.
Basal p21 controls population heterogeneity in cycling and quiescent cell cycle states

Significance Population heterogeneity can make the treatment of tumors more challenging. Whereas a therapeutic agent may be effective against one fraction of a population, it may be less effective against another fraction. Although heterogeneity can be genetic and attributed to mutations, there can also be nongenetic heterogeneity, where a clonal population can harbor distinct subpopulations. Here, we identified a single gene, p21, that was responsible for population heterogeneity in cell cycle activity and explain that this heterogeneity can arise from regulatory relationships of p21 with Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and E3 ubiquitin ligases. We suggest that, instead of using CDK inhibitors (CKIs) in cancer therapy, CKIs themselves should be targeted. Given concurrently with chemotherapy agents, CKI inhibitors would reduce tumor heterogeneity and thus increase chemotherapy efficacy. Phenotypic heterogeneity within a population of genetically identical cells is emerging as a common theme in multiple biological systems, including human cell biology and cancer. Using live-cell imaging, flow cytometry, and kinetic modeling, we showed that two states—quiescence and cell cycling—can coexist within an isogenic population of human cells and resulted from low basal expression levels of p21, a Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor (CKI). We attribute the p21-dependent heterogeneity in cell cycle activity to double-negative feedback regulation involving CDK2, p21, and E3 ubiquitin ligases. In support of this mechanism, analysis of cells at a point before cell cycle entry (i.e., before the G1/S transition) revealed a p21–CDK2 axis that determines quiescent and cycling cell states. Our findings suggest a mechanistic role for p21 in generating heterogeneity in both normal tissues and tumors.
A Versatile and Efficient Gene-Targeting System for Aspergillus nidulans

Aspergillus nidulans is an important experimental organism, and it is a model organism for the genus Aspergillus that includes serious pathogens as well as commercially important organisms. Gene targeting by homologous recombination during transformation is possible in A. nidulans, but the frequency of correct gene targeting is variable and often low. We have identified the A. nidulans homolog (nkuA) of the human KU70 gene that is essential for nonhomologous end joining of DNA in double-strand break repair. Deletion of nkuA (nkuAΔ) greatly reduces the frequency of nonhomologous integration of transforming DNA fragments, leading to dramatically improved gene targeting. We have also developed heterologous markers that are selectable in A. nidulans but do not direct integration at any site in the A. nidulans genome. In combination, nkuAΔ and the heterologous selectable markers make up a very efficient gene-targeting system. In experiments involving scores of genes, 90% or more of the transformants carried a single insertion of the transforming DNA at the correct site. The system works with linear and circular transforming molecules and it works for tagging genes with fluorescent moieties, replacing genes, and replacing promoters. This system is efficient enough to make genomewide gene-targeting projects feasible.
Detained: foreign children in Europe

The EU's target-driven and draconian deportation policy towards asylum seekers and undocumented migrant workers has a shocking but little heeded impact on minors, whether the children of asylum-seeking families, separated/unaccompanied minors seeking refuge or the children of sans papiers. The detention of children whose only crime is their parentage is now commonplace across Europe and often in contravention of international law. The harm done to children, as documented here, is incalculable.
Sulfate anion stabilization of native ribonuclease A both by anion binding and by the Hofmeister effect

Data are reported for Tm, the temperature midpoint of the thermal unfolding curve, of ribonuclease A, versus pH (range 2–9) and salt concentration (range 0–1 M) for two salts, Na2SO4 and NaCl. The results show stabilization by sulfate via anion‐specific binding in the concentration range 0–0.1 M and via the Hofmeister effect in the concentration range 0.1–1.0 M. The increase in Tm caused by anion binding at 0.1 M sulfate is 20° at pH 2 but only 1° at pH 9, where the net proton charge on the protein is near 0. The 10° increase in Tm between 0.1 and 1.0 M Na2SO4, caused by the Hofmeister effect, is independent of pH. A striking property of the NaCl results is the absence of any significant stabilization by 0.1 M NaCl, which indicates that any Debye screening is small. pH‐dependent stabilization is produced by 1 M NaCl: the increase in Tm between 0 and 1.0 M is 14° at pH 2 but only 1° at pH 9. The 14° increase at pH 2 may result from anion binding or from both binding and Debye screening. Taken together, the results for Na2SO4 and NaCl show that native ribonuclease A is stabilized at low pH in the same manner as molten globule forms of cytochrome c and apomyoglobin, which are stabilized at low pH by low concentrations of sulfate but only by high concentrations of chloride.
Phase objects in synchrotron radiation hard x-ray imaging

Phase objects are readily imaged through Fresnel diffraction in the hard x-ray beams of third-generation synchrotron radiation sources such as the ESRF, due essentially to the very small angular size of the source. Phase objects can lead to spurious contrast in x-ray diffraction images (topographs) of crystals. It is shown that this contrast can be eliminated through random phase plates, which provide an effective way of tailoring the angular size of the source. The possibilities of this very simple technique for imaging phase objects in the hard x-ray range are explored experimentally and discussed. They appear very promising, as shown in particular by the example of a piece of human vertebra, and could be extended to phase tomography.
Intention to Use Green IT among Students

This research incorporates the Theory of planned behavior and Personality theory to examine factors influencing Green IT adoption by Malaysian students. The 5 variables from TPB, namely attitude towards Green IT, subjective norms toward Green IT, perceived behavioral control towards Green IT, intention to use Green IT behaviors and actual Green IT behavior. From the Personality theory, two variables i.e. consideration of future consequences and openness to experience were included. Empirical data was collected from 542 valid questionnaires. The results reveal that, all the variables influence the adoption of Green IT however attitude towards Green IT shows the strongest effect on intention to Green IT adoption while experience shows the weakness effect.
Working Memory and Speech Recognition Performance in Noise: Implicationsfor Classroom Accommodations

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare children’s performance on speech recognition and working memory tasks with two noise source configurations: back and side. Method: Children with normal hearing between the ages of 8-10 years of age participated in this study. Working memory and speech recognition in noise were administered in a counterbalanced manner across listening conditions. Results: Speech recognition performance in noise was significantly poorer when presented at 180 than from 90 degrees azimuth. There was no effect of noise source configuration on working memory performance. However, working memory performance in noise, regardless of position, were significantly poorer compared to quiet. No relationship was present between auditory working memory in noise and speech recognition in noise, when noise was presented at 90° azimuth. Conclusion: Children use perceptual cues and cognitive resources based on the difficulty of the task and audibility of the signal, Cognitive resources are largely called upon when listening conditions are more adverse and tasks become complex.
Evaluation of organic and inorganic compounds in the saliva of patients with chronic periodontal disease

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influencia da doenca periodontal sobre os parâmetros bioquimicos da saliva, incluindo taxa de fluxo salivar, pH, proteina total, atividade de fosfatase alcalina e a concentracao de ureia, em individuos com periodontite cronica. METODOLOGIA: Quarenta individuos foram alocados em dois grupos: vinte individuos sem doenca periodontal (grupo controle) e vinte individuos com periodontite cronica (grupo teste). Indice de placa (IP), indice gengival (IG), profundidade de sondagem (PD) e nivel de insercao clinica (CAL) foram obtidos anteriormente por um examinador treinado e calibrado clinicamente. Saliva de ambos os grupos foram coletadas para analise de seus parâmetros bioquimicos. O teste T de Student e coeficiente de correlacao (Pearson) foram utilizados em um nivel 5% de significância. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram alteracoes na atividade da fosfatase alcalina, ureia e proteina total nos individuos do grupo teste em comparacao ao grupo controle (P 0,05). CONCLUSAO: Os resultados sugerem que a periodontite cronica pode afetar a composicao da saliva e que a analise dos parâmetros salivares pode ser util como um exame complementar para o diagnostico da doenca periodontal.
Information processing in the taste system of primates.

1. Analysis of the activity of single neurones in the gustatory pathways in primates (cynomolgus monkeys) shows that the tuning of neurones to the four prototypical stimuli 1.0 mol l-1 glucose, 1.0 mol l-1 NaCl, 0.001 mol l-1 quinine-HCl and 0.01 mol l-1 HCl becomes sharper as information progresses through the taste system from the first central relay in the brainstem, the nucleus of the solitary tract, via the thalamus to the primary taste cortex in the frontal operculum and insula to reach a secondary cortical taste area in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex. 2. Feeding monkeys to satiety with glucose has no effect on the gustatory responses of neurones in the nucleus of the solitary tract, the frontal opercular taste cortex or the insular taste cortex, but decreases the magnitude of the neuronal responses of orbitofrontal cortex taste neurones which respond to glucose to zero. 3. The responses of orbitofrontal cortex taste neurones decrease to foods on which the monkey is fed to satiety, but continue to foods which have not just been eaten, that is, they reflect sensory-specific satiety, the phenomenon in which the pleasantness of the taste of a food and its acceptability, but not those of of other foods, is decreased by eating that food to satiety. 4. It has been found that the orbitofrontal cortex taste area or areas receives inputs from different modalities: single neurones with unimodal responses to taste (47%), olfactory (12%) and visual (10%) stimuli are found in close proximity to each other. Moreover, some single neurones show multimodal convergence, responding, for example, to taste and visual inputs (17%), taste and olfactory inputs (10%), and olfactory and visual inputs (4%). Some of these multimodal single neurones have corresponding sensitivities in the two modalities: they respond best to sweet tastes (e.g. 1 mol l-1 glucose), and respond more in a visual discrimination task to the visual stimulus which signifies sweet fruit juice than to that which signifies saline; or they respond to sweet taste and, in an olfactory discrimination task, to fruit juice odour. These results suggest that multimodal representations are formed in the orbitofrontal cortex secondary and related taste areas. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)