Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PARALLAXES OF SOUTHERN EXTREMELY COOL OBJECTS. I. TARGETS, PROPER MOTIONS, AND FIRST RESULTS

We present results from the PARallaxes of Southern Extremely Cool objects (PARSEC) program, an observational program begun in 2007 April to determine parallaxes for 122 L and 28 T southern hemisphere dwarfs using the Wide Field Imager on the ESO 2.2 m telescope. The results presented here include parallaxes of 10 targets from observations over 18 months and a first version proper motion catalog. The proper motions were obtained by combining PARSEC observations astrometrically reduced with respect to the Second US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog, and the Two Micron All Sky Survey Point Source Catalog. The resulting median proper motion precision is 5 mas yr−1 for 195,700 sources. The 140 0.3 deg2 fields sample the southern hemisphere in an unbiased fashion with the exception of the galactic plane due to the small number of targets in that region. The proper motion distributions are shown to be statistically well behaved. External comparisons are also fully consistent. We will continue to update this catalog until the end of the program, and we plan to improve it including also observations from the GSC2.3 database. We present preliminary parallaxes with a 4.2 mas median precision for 10 brown dwarfs, two of which are within 10 pc. These increase the present number of L dwarfs by 20% with published parallaxes. Of the 10 targets, seven have been previously discussed in the literature: two were thought to be binary, but the PARSEC observations show them to be single; one has been confirmed as a binary companion and another has been found to be part of a binary system, both of which will make good benchmark systems. These results confirm that the foreseen precision of PARSEC can be achieved and that the large field of view will allow us to identify wide binary systems. Observations for the PARSEC program will end in early 2011 providing three to four years of coverage for all targets. The main expected outputs are: more than a 100% increase in the number of L dwarfs with parallaxes, increment in the number of objects per spectral subclass up to L9—in conjunction with published results—to at least 10, and to put sensible limits on the general binary fraction of brown dwarfs. We aim to contribute significantly to the understanding of the faint end of the H-R diagram and of the L/T transition region.
A Cretaceous Hoofed Mammal from India

The sedimentary record documenting the northward drift of India (Late Cretaceous to late Early Eocene) has recently provided important clues to the evolution, radiation, and dispersal of mammals. Here, we report a definitive Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) archaic ungulate (Kharmerungulatum vanvaleni genus et species nova) from the Deccan volcano-sedimentary sequences exposed near Kisalpuri village in Central India. This find has important implications for the origin and diversification of early ungulates and raises three possible paleobiogeographic scenarios: (i) Archaic ungulates may have been cosmopolitan in distribution. (ii) Kharmerungulatum might be an immigrant from Western Asia. (iii) Archaic ungulates may have originated in India.
The Risks of Sleeping “Too Much”. Survey of a National Representative Sample of 24671 Adults (INPES Health Barometer)

Background A significant U-shaped association between sleep duration and several morbidity (obesity, diabetes or cardiovascular disease) and mortality risks has been regularly reported. However, although the physiological pathways and risks associated with “too short sleep” (<5 hours/day) have been well demonstrated, little is known about “too much sleeping”. Purpose To explore socio-demographic characteristics and comorbidities of “long sleepers” (over 10 hours/day) from a nationally representative sample of adults. Methods A cross-sectional nationally representative sample of 24,671 subjects from 15 to 85-year-old. An estimated total sleep time (TST) on non-leisure days was calculated based on a specifically designed sleep log which allows to distinguish “long sleepers” from “short sleepers” (<5 hours/day). Insomnia was assessed according to the International classification of sleep disorders (ICSD-2). Results The average TST was 7 hours and 13 minutes (+/− 17 minutes). Six hundred and twelve subjects were “long sleepers” (2.7%) and 1969 “short sleepers” (7.5%). Compared to the whole group, “long sleepers” were more often female, younger (15–25 year-old) or older (above 65 year-old), with no academic degree, mostly clerks and blue collar workers. “Long sleepers” were significantly more likely to have psychiatric diseases and a greater body mass index (BMI). However, long sleep was not significantly associated with the presence of any other chronic medical disease assessed. Conversely, short sleep duration was significantly associated with almost all the other chronic diseases assessed. Conclusions In the general population, sleeping too much was associated with psychiatric diseases and higher BMI, but not with other chronic medical diseases.
Honey bees, neonicotinoids and bee incident reports: the Canadian situation.

BACKGROUND Neonicotinoid insecticides have been the target of much scrutiny as possible causes of recent declines observed in pollinator populations. Although neonicotinoids have been implicated in honey bee pesticide incidents, there has been little examination of incident report data. Here we summarize honey bee incident report data obtained from the Canadian Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA). RESULTS In Canada, there were very few honey bee incidents reported in 2007-2011 and data were not collected prior to 2007. In 2012, a significant number of incidents were reported in the province of Ontario, where exposure to neonicotinoid dust during planting of corn was suspected to have caused the incident in up to 70% of cases. Most of these incidents were classified as 'minor' by the PMRA, and only six cases were considered 'moderate' or 'major'. In that same year, there were over three times as many moderate or major incidents due to older non-neonicotinoid pesticides, involving numbers of hives or bees far greater than the number of moderate or major incidents suspected to be due to neonicotinoid poisoning. CONCLUSIONS These data emphasize that, while exposure of honey bees to neonicotinoid-contaminated dust during corn planting needs to be mitigated, other pesticides also pose a risk.
The role of biological rhythms and blood glucose levels in maintaining a positive mood state.

This work or any part thereof has not previously been presented in any form to the University or to any other body whether for the purposes of assessment, publication or for any other purpose (unless otherwise indicated). Save for any express acknowledgments, references and/or bibliographies cited in the work, I confirm that the intellectual content of the work is the result of my own efforts and of no other person. The right of Orsolina I. Martino to be identified as author of this work is asserted in accordance with ss.77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. At this date copyright is owned by the author.
Population Divergence in Venom Bioactivities of Elapid Snake Pseudonaja textilis: Role of Procoagulant Proteins in Rapid Rodent Prey Incapacitation

This study looked at how toxic proteins in venoms of adult Australian eastern Brown snakes Pseudonaja textilis from South Australian and Queensland populations interact with physiological functions of the lab SD rat Rattus norvegicus. Circulatory collapse and incoagulable blood occurred instantly after injection of venom under the dorsal skin of anaesthetised and mechanically ventilated rats in an imitation of a P. textilis bite. Intravenous injection of purified P. textilis (Mackay, QLD) venom prothrombin activator proteins caused instant failure of circulation, testifying of high toxicity of these proteins and suggesting their role in rapid incapacitation of rodent prey. The hypothesis is further supported by circulatory collapse occurring instantly despite artificial respiration in envenomed rats and the finding of extremely high venom procoagulant potency in rat plasma. LC-MS and physiology assays revealed divergent venom composition and biological activity of South Australian (Barossa locality) and Queensland (Mackay locality) populations, which may be driven by selection for different prey. The Queensland venom of P. textilis was found to be more procoagulant and to exhibit predominately presynaptic neurotoxicity, while the South Australian venom contained diverse postsynaptic type II and III α-neurotoxins in addition to the presynaptic neurotoxins and caused significantly faster onset of neuromuscular blockade in the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation. LC-MS analysis found evidence of multiple coagulation factor X-like proteins in P. textilis venoms, including a match to P. textilis coagulation factor X isoform 2, previously known to be expressed only in the liver.
Predicting the Stock Market using Multiple Models

Stock market prediction has always been, in the past and at present, an intriguing issue. In this paper, an attempt is made at predicting the Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500 returns on a daily and weekly basis by using only historical price data. Two different types of prediction models are used for the prediction task: the auto-regressive (AR) and the neural network (NN) models. These two models are used in four different prediction systems. The first two prediction systems consist of either an AR model or a NN model. The next two prediction systems represent the novelty of the approach used in this paper. A multiple-model approach is proposed, together with the use of a trend classification algorithm, to predict the S&P 500 returns. Three models (either AR or NN) are used in each of the systems, with each model used to represent one of the three market trends (bear, choppy and bull). A decision rule is used to select one prediction from the three models, and one of two trading rules is used to make trading decisions. Three experiments were carried out to select appropriate parameters for the three-model systems. Evaluation of the models based on ARR after commission showed that the system consisting of three NNs was able to obtain approximately two times as much return as the buy-and-hold strategy in the test period when used in weekly predictions. Furthermore, the results in this paper show that non-linear systems performed better than linear ones, and three-model systems performed better than single-model ones
Inducible differentiation and morphogenesis of bipotential liver cell lines from wild‐type mouse embryos

This work shows that hepatic cell lines reproducibly can be derived from E14 embryos of many mouse inbred strains. These bipotential mouse embryonic liver (BMEL) cell lines present a mixed morphology, containing both epithelial and palmate‐like cells, and an uncoupled phenotype, expressing hepatocyte transcription factors (HNF1α, HNF4α, GATA4) but not functions (apolipoproteins, albumin). BMEL cells are bipotential: under inducing conditions they express hepatocyte and bile duct functions. In addition, they can undergo morphogenesis in Matrigel culture to form bile duct units. When returned to basal culture conditions, the differentiated cells revert, within a few days, to an undifferentiated state. The ensemble of markers expressed by BMEL cells implies that they originate from hepatoblasts, the endodermal precursors of the liver. In conclusion, the establishment of a simple and reproducible method to isolate from any mouse embryo bipotential hepatic cell lines that exhibit the properties of transit stem cells provides a novel paradigm for investigation of hepatic cell lineage relationships.
Comparison of the Upper Marginal Neurons of Cortical Layer 2 with Layer 2/3 Pyramidal Neurons in Mouse Temporal Cortex

Layer 2/3 (L2/3) excitatory neurons in the neocortex make major contributions to corticocortical connections and therefore function to integrate information across cortical areas and hemispheres. Recent evidence suggests that excitatory neurons in L2/3 can have different properties. Sparse evidence from previous studies suggests that L2 neurons located at the border between L1 and L2 (referred to as L2 marginal neurons, L2MNs), have a morphology distinct from a typical pyramidal neuron. However, whether the membrane properties and input/output properties of L2MNs are different from those of typical pyramidal neurons in L2/3 is unknown. Here we addressed these questions in a slice preparation of mouse temporal cortex. We found that L2MNs were homogeneous in intrinsic membrane properties but appeared diverse in morphology. In agreement with previous studies, L2MNs either had oblique apical dendrites or had no obvious apical dendrites. The tufts of both apical and basal dendrites of these neurons invaded L1 extensively. All L2MNs showed a regular firing pattern with moderate adaptation. Compared with typical L2/3 pyramidal neurons that showed regular spiking (RS) activity (neurons), L2MNs showed a higher firing rate, larger sag ratio, and higher input resistance. No difference in the amplitude of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs, respectively), evoked by stimulation of L1, was found between the two types of neurons, but the IPSPs in L2MNs had a slower time course than those in L2/3 RS cells. In paired recordings, unitary EPSPs showed no significant differences between synapses formed by L2MNs and those formed by L2/3 RS neurons. However, short-term synaptic depression (STSD) examined with a L2MN as the presynaptic neuron was greater when another L2MN was the postsynaptic neuron than when a L2/3 RS neuron was the postsynaptic neuron. The distinct morphological features of L2MNs found here have developmental implications, and the differences in electrophysiological properties between L2MNs and other L2/3 pyramidal neurons suggest that they play different functional roles in cortical networks.
SUBSTANCE P UP-REGULATES MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-1 AND DOWN-REGULATES COLLAGEN IN HUMAN LUNG FIBROBLAST

Substance P is involved in inflammatory processes, but its effect on extracellular matrix metabolism has not been studied; therefore, the authors evaluated its effect on collagen synthesis and degradation, expression of pro-α1(I) collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -2, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 in normal human lung fibroblast strains. Substance P induced a decrease in collagen biosynthesis, concomitant to a down-regulation of pro-α1(I) collagen mRNA. In contrast, an increase in collagen degradation was observed, accompanied with an up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1. Substance P did not influence tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 or matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. The results suggest that substance P participates in extracellular matrix metabolism.
Long-term survival of 23 dogs with pericardial effusions

Twenty-three dogs with pericardial effusions were identified from case records made between 1992 and 2000. Fourteen of the 23 were diagnosed with idiopathic pericardial effusions, and three of these were treated successfully by one pericardiocentesis. In the remaining 11 cases the pericardial effusion recurred; six cases were managed long-term by either two (three cases), three (two cases), or 11 repeated pericardiocenteses, and the remaining five were treated by pericardiectomy. The median survival time of the six dogs treated by repeated pericardiocentesis was five years and nine days.
Towards Automated Verification of P Systems Using Spin

This paper presents an approach to P systems verification using the Spin model checker. The authors have developed a tool which implements the proposed approach and can automatically transform P system specifications from P-Lingua into Promela, the language accepted by the well known model checker Spin. The properties expected for the P system are specified using some patterns, representing high level descriptions of frequently asked questions, formulated in natural language. These properties are automatically translated into LTL specifications for the Promela model and the Spin model checker is run against them. In case a counterexample is received, the Spin trace is decoded and expressed as a P system computation. The tool has been tested on a number of examples and the results obtained are presented in the paper.
Klippel-Feil syndrome and supra-aortic arch anomaly: A case report

Patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome have an increased incidence of supra-aortic arch anomalies. The present report presents the case of a patient who, during evaluation of his carotid arteries for nonspecific symptoms, was found to have an anomaly of the supra-aortic branches and Klippel-Feil syndrome.
Interference Control in Children with and without ADHD: A Systematic Review of Flanker and Simon Task Performance

The present review systematically summarizes the existing research that has examined two reaction-time-based interference control paradigms, known as the Eriksen Flanker task and the Simon task, in children with and without ADHD. Twelve studies are included, yielding a combined sample size of 272 children with ADHD (M age 9.28 yrs) and 280 typically developing children (M age 9.38 yrs). As predicted, specific disadvantages were found in the ADHD group in terms of reaction time, percentage of errors, and efficiency of performance on incongruent relative to congruent trials, providing evidence for weaker interference control in this group.
SHORT COMMUNICATION Anti ﬁ brotic Actions of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor g Ligands in Corneal Fibroblasts Are Mediated by b -Catenin e Regulated Pathways

Wound healing after corneal injury typically involves ﬁ brosis, with transforming growth factor b 1 (TGF- b 1) as one of its strongest mediators. A class of small molecules d peroxisome proliferator e activated receptor g (PPAR g ) ligands d exert potent anti ﬁ brotic effects in the cornea by blocking phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, why this blocks ﬁ brosis remains unknown. Herein, we show that PPAR g ligands (rosiglitazone, troglitazone, and 15-deoxy- D 12,14-prostaglandin J2) decrease levels of b -catenin. We also show that b -catenin siRNA and the Wingless/integrated (Wnt) inhibitor pyrvinium block the ability of corneal ﬁ broblasts to up-regulate synthesis of a -smooth muscle actin ( a -SMA), collagen 1 (COL1), and ﬁ bronectin (FN) in response to TGF- b 1. Activation of TGF- b receptors and p38 MAPK increased glycogen synthase kinase 3 b (GSK3 b ) phosphorylation, whereas a chemical inhibitor of p38 MAPK (SB203580) reduced the phosphorylation of GSK3 b , decreasing active b -catenin levels in both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions. Finally, lithium chloride, a GSK3 inhibitor, also attenuated the TGF- b 1 e induced increase in a -SMA, COL1, and FN expression. All in all, our results suggest that TGF- b 1 stimulation increases active b -catenin concentration in cultured corneal ﬁ broblasts through p38 MAPK regulation of canonical Wnt/ b -catenin signaling, increasing a -SMA, COL1, and FN synthesis. Thus, PPAR g ligands, by blocking TGF- b 1 e induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation, prevent increases in both total and active b -catenin through p38 MAPK-GSK3 b signaling. 2017,
Lazy code motion

We present a bit-vector algorithm for the <italic>optimal</italic> and <italic>economical</italic> placement of computations within flow graphs, which is as <italic>efficient</italic> as standard uni-directional analyses. The point of our algorithm is the <italic>decomposition</italic> of the bi-directional structure of the known placement algorithms into a sequence of a backward and a forward analysis, which directly implies the efficiency result. Moreover, the new compositional structure opens the algorithm for modification: two further uni-directional analysis components exclude any unnecessary code motion. This <italic>laziness</italic> of our algorithm minimizes the register pressure, which has drastic effects on the run-time behaviour of the optimized programs in practice, where an economical use of registers is essential.
Aspect-based Opinion Summarization with Convolutional Neural Networks

This paper studies Aspect-based Opinion Summarization (AOS) of reviews on particular products. In practice, an AOS system needs to address two core subtasks, aspect extraction and sentiment classification. Most existing approaches to aspect extraction, using linguistic analysis or topic modeling, are general across different products but not precise enough or suitable for particular products. Instead we take a less general but more precise scheme, which directly maps each review sentence into pre-defined aspects. To tackle aspect mapping and sentiment classification, we propose two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based methods, cascaded CNN and multitask CNN. Cascaded CNN contains two levels of convolutional networks. Multiple CNNs at level 1 deal with aspect mapping task, and a single CNN at level 2 deals with sentiment classification. Multitask CNN also contains multiple aspect CNNs and a sentiment CNN, but different networks share the same word embeddings. Experimental results show that both cascaded and multitask CNNs with pre-trained word embedding outperform linear classifiers, and multitask CNN generally performs better than cascaded CNN.
On Model Selection Consistency of Lasso On Model Selection Consistency of Lasso

Sparsity or parsimony of statistical models is crucial for their proper interpretations, as in sciences and social sciences. Model selection is a commonly used method to find such models, but usually involves a computationally heavy combinatorial search. Lasso (Tibshirani, 1996) is now being used as a computationally feasible alternative to model selection. Therefore it is important to study Lasso for model selection purposes. In this paper, we prove that a single condition, which we call the Irrepresentable Condition, is almost necessary and sufficient for Lasso to select the true model both in the classical fixed p setting and in the large p setting as the sample size n gets large. Based on these results, sufficient conditions that are verifiable in practice are given to relate to previous works and help applications of Lasso for feature selection and sparse representation. This Irrepresentable Condition, which depends mainly on the covariance of the predictor variables, states that Lasso selects the true model consistently if and (almost) only if the predictors that are not in the true model are “irrepresentable” (in a sense to be clarified) by predictors that are in the true model. Furthermore, simulations are carried out to provide insights and understanding of this result.
MUGC Summer Enrichment Program and Reading Achievement: Program Evaluation

This purpose of this study is to determine if participation in the Marshall University Summer Enrichment Program enhances children’s reading skills and to determine if a gender difference was evident in reading achievement scores. DIBELS was used to determine reading achievement scores at the beginning, middle, and end of program. The data obtained were compared using a General Linear Model-Within Subjects Factors through ANOVA to determine the mean of benchmark 1 and 3 as well as the significance level of the reading scores. The findings of this study indicated no differences in Oral Reading Fluency in total scores or in regards to gender. However, Retell Fluency was significantly different in both measures: total scores and gender. Summer Enrichment and Reading 3 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my committee – Dr. Stroebel for her gift to distinguish strengths as well as limitations and advise accordingly. To Dr. O’Keefe for his talent to know the best approach to the problem; Dr. Krieg for his dedication to ensuring quality reading education to all children; and Dr. Haning for his statistical expertise. Summer Enrichment and Reading 4 Table of