Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
miR-135 b , upregulated in breast cancer , promotes cell growth and disrupts the cell cycle by regulating LATS 2

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays a critical role in cancer progression. They can act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in human cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the crucial role of miR-135b in breast cancer and to validate whether miR-135b could regulate proliferation of breast cancer cells by effecting specific targets in the Hippo pathway. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out to quantify the expression levels of miR-135b in both breast cancer tissues and cell lines. To characterize the function of miR-135b, MTT assays, colony formation assays, cell migration assays, cell invasion assays, and cell cycle assays were used. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to validate the regulation of a putative target of miR-135b, in corroboration with western blot assays. Finally, we verified the changes of cellular function after transfection of LATS2-siRNA. Our experiments indicate that expression of miR-135b was commonly upregulated in breast cancer specimens and breast cancer cells when compared with that in adjacent normal tissues and non-malignant breast epithelial cells. Enforced expression of miR-135b can regulate cellular proliferation, migration and invasion as well as disrupt the cell cycle of breast cancer cells. Luciferase assays revealed that miR-135b directly bound to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of LATS2 (large tumor suppressor kinase 2), a critical gene in the Hippo pathway. Western blot analysis verified that miR-135b regulated the expression of LATS2 at protein levels. Further study demonstrated that the downstream gene of LATS2 in the Hippo pathway, such as cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and Phospho-Yes-associated protein (p-YAP), can also be regulated by miR-135b and LATS2 axis. Knockdown of endogenous LATS2 can mimic the result of miR-135b up regulation in breast cancer. Taken together, our findings reveal that the miR-135b and LATS2 axis may be a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer in the future.
Predictors of E-government Services Adoption: A Case Study of Russian Students in China

Electronic government is the use of Information and Communication Technologies in the public administration processes to provide better public services to citizens and the general public. The adoption of e-government services is vital for the success of e-government projects. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing the Russian students in China willingness to adopt and use e-government services. Predictors such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived service quality, citizen trust and language barrier would be explored. The Technology Acceptance Model would be used as the theoretical framework for the study. The questionnaire instruments would be administered to 500 Russian students in the City of Harbin. The data gathered would be captured and analyzed with SPSS while a further analysis would be conducted using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). Based on the data analysis, appropriate recommendations would be offered to improve public service delivery through e-government not only to Chinese citizens but foreign nationals who reside in China as well.
Relationship Between Jumping Ability, Agility and Sprint Performance of Elite Young Basketball Players: A Field-Test Approach Relação entre capacidade de salto, agilidade e velocidade em jovens jogadores de Basquetebol: uma abordagem com testes de campo

1 Abstract - The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between sprint, agility and jump performance of elite young basketball players. Sixteen elite national level young male basketball players participated in this study. The jumping ability of each player was determined using countermovement jump (CMJ), and broad long jump (BLJ). The agility T test (TT) and Illinois agility test (IAT) were assessed to determine the agility, and 20-m sprint time was also measured to determine sprint performance. The results of Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis indicated moderate correlation between training age and IAT (r = -0.57; p = 0.021). Strong correlations were found between CMJ and BLJ (r = 0.71; p = 0.002), and between TT and IAT (r = 0.70; p = 0.002). Similarly, 20-m sprint time was strong correlated with CMJ (r = -0.61; p = 0.011), BLJ (r = -0.76; p = 0.001), TT (r = 0.77; p = 0.001), and IAT (r = 0.68; p = 0.003). In addition, CMJ was strongly correlated with TT (r = -0.60; p = 0.013), and IAT (r = -0.64; p = 0.007), and also strong correlation between BLJ with TT (r = -0.85; p = 0.001) and IAT (r = -0.76; p = 0.001). The findings of the present study indicated significant correlation between sprint and agility, jumping ability and sprint performance and between jumping ability and agility performance in basketball players. Therefore, the results suggest that sprint, agility and jumping ability share common physiological and biomechanical determinants.
Reliability study of the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome adapted for a Brazilian sample of older-adult controls and probable early Alzheimer's disease patients.

OBJECTIVE Ecological tests are useful in assessing executive function deficits and may be of value in appraising response to treatment in Alzheimer's disease patients. Our aims were to examine executive function using the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome for a Brazilian sample of older-adult controls and probable early Alzheimer's disease patients, and verify the applicability of this test battery. METHOD Forty-one older-adult controls were matched with mild Alzheimer's disease patients by age, education, and gender. RESULTS There significant inter-group differences in overall profile and almost all subtests except temporal judgment, time spent on planning the first and second Zoo Map visit, number of errors when copying drawings, naming pictures and Six Modified Elements arithmetic, and dysexecutive questionnaire self-rating. The Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome item that best discriminated controls from patients was the Modified Six Elements - adapted (general index), with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 90%, (AUC = 0.91, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome was effective in detecting executive function deficits in mild Alzheimer's disease patients, particularly the task switching, time monitoring, and rule-shift subtests.
Adaptive radiation along a benthic/pelagic ecological axis in North America’s most diverse, endemic clade of freshwater fishes

Most eastern North American cyprinid fishes belong to a clade known as the “open posterior myodome” (OPM) minnows, but phylogenetic relationships within this clade have been difficult to ascertain. Previous attempts to resolve relationships among the generally benthic “chubs” and the more pelagic “shiners”, that constitute the majority of OPM minnows, have led to highly discordant phylogenetic hypotheses. To further examine relationships among the OPM minnows, we utilized both a concatenated Bayesian approach and a coalescent-based species tree method to analyze data from six protein coding nuclear loci (Enc1, Ptr, Ryr3, Sh3px3, Tbr1, and Zic1), as well as the mitochondrial locus (Cytb). We focused our analyses on the chub-like genus Phenacobius, a group that has drifted topologically between other benthic chubs and the more pelagic shiners, and also included exemplar taxa from 11 other OPM lineages. Individual gene trees were highly discordant regarding relationships within Phenacobius and across the OPM clade. The concatenated Bayesian analysis and coalescent-based species tree reconstruction recovered slightly different phylogenetic topologies. Additionally, the posterior support values for clades using the coalescent-based approach were consistently lower than the concatenated analysis. However, Phenacobius was resolved as monophyletic and as the sister lineage to Erimystax regardless of the combined data approach taken. Furthermore, Phenacobius + Erimystax was recovered as more closely related to the shiners we examined than to other chubs. Relationships within Phenacobius varied depending on the combined phylogenetic method utilized. Our results highlight the importance of multi-locus, coalescent-based approaches for resolving the phylogeny of diverse clades like the eastern North American OPM minnows.
Use of salt and sodium metabisulfite dips prior to sun-drying tomatoes

Two pre-drying treatments, i.e. 1) salt and 2) sodium metabisulfite dips were evaluated on sun-dried tomatoes by assessing moisture content, color, rehydration ratio, mold and yeast count, sulfur dioxide content, an/or salt content. There were significant differences in rehydration ratio, yeast count, and salt in the salt dipping pretreatment. The most effective conditions from the salt dipping pretreatment was using a concentration of either 10% or 15% salt for 5 minutes. There were significant differences in rehydration ratio, yeast count, color and sulfur dioxide in the sodium metabisulfite dipping pretreatment. Dipping tomatoes in either 6 or 8 % sodium metabisulfite for 5 minutes resulted the best red color.
Climate and nutrient influences on the growth of white spruce trees in the boreal forests of the Yukon

The boreal forests of North America are undergoing major changes because of the direct effects of global warming and increased CO2 levels. Plant production in the boreal forest is nutrient limited, and we examined how long-term fertilization affected growth of white spruce Picea glauca in the face of these major changes. We conducted a large-scale experiment by fertilizing two 1 km 2 stands of white spruce in the southwestern Yukon with commercial NPK fertilizer from 1987 to 1994. Tree growth was measured by the width of annual increments in 60 trees from each of 2 con- trol and of 2 matched fertilized 1 km 2 sites for the period from 1977 to 1997 in a before, during, and after experimental design. Ring widths increased in both control and fertilized trees over this period as summer temperatures increased. Ring widths in fertilized trees increased from 9 to 48% over con- trol trees during the years in which fertilizer was added, but immediately fell back to control levels from 1995 to 1997 at 1 site as soon as fertilization was stopped. In the long term, nitrogen in these forests may become tied up in shrubs, grasses, herbs, and fungi and not be available to the trees. There are 2 other possible explanations for this lack of sustained tree growth: first, the conversion of nitrogen into a form not readily available to spruce and, second, a spruce bark beetle outbreak that hit the southwestern Yukon during and after 1994 and affected 1 study site much more than the other.
Evolution of Dosage Compensation in Anolis carolinensis, a Reptile with XX/XY Chromosomal Sex Determination

In species with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the degradation of one of the sex chromosomes will result in unequal gene expression between the sexes (e.g. between XX females and XY males) and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. Dosage compensation is a process whereby genes on the sex chromosomes achieve equal gene expression. We compared genome-wide levels of transcription between males and females, and between the X chromosome and the autosomes in the green anole, Anolis carolinensis. We present evidence for dosage compensation between the sexes, and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. When dividing the X chromosome into regions based on linkage groups, we discovered that genes in the first reported X-linked region, anole linkage group b (LGb), exhibit complete dosage compensation, although the rest of the X-linked genes exhibit incomplete dosage compensation. Our data further suggest that the mechanism of this dosage compensation is upregulation of the X chromosome in males. We report that approximately 10% of coding genes, most of which are on the autosomes, are differentially expressed between males and females. In addition, genes on the X chromosome exhibited higher ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution than autosomal genes, consistent with the fast-X effect. Our results from the green anole add an additional observation of dosage compensation in a species with XX/XY sex determination.
Frequency agile waveform adaptation for cognitive radios

In the context of cognitive radio (CR) networks, this paper develops a frequency-agile waveform adaptation technique that dynamically adjusts the spectral shape, power and frequency of transmission waveforms for efficient network spectrum utilization. A general framework is presented based on generalized transmitter and receiver basis functions, which allow to jointly carry out dynamic resource allocation (DRA) and waveform adaptation, two procedures that are traditionally carried out separately. New objective function and cognitive spectral mask constraints are formulated for DRA optimization tailored to CR applications. The joint DRA and waveform adaptation approach permits distributed games in multiple access networks, in which participating CR users optimize their respective local utility functions by taking actions from the action space defined by allowable basis function parameters. It results in not only enhanced radio spectrum resource efficiency due to joint optimization, but also affordable complexity scalable in the network size, by virtue of the distributed game approach adopted.
Performance of broilers fed increased levels energy in the pre-starter diet and on subsequent feeding programs having with acidulated soybean soapstock supplementation

This study aimed to evaluate broiler responses to increases in feed energy (2,870, 3,000 and 3,100 kcal ME/kg) and the inclusion of Acidulated Soybean Soapstock (ASS) when compared to Degummed Soybean Oil (DSO) in feeds from placement to 7 days of age. From 7 to 42 days ASS or DSO were included in diets that contained similar energy and nutrient levels. Metabolizable energy values used to formulate the diets for ASS and DSO were 8,351 and 7,701 kcal ME/kg in the first week and 9,314 and 8,559 kcal ME/kg afterwards, respectively. Diets were based on corn and soybean meal and were fed to 1,600 one-dold male broiler chicks randomly placed in 40 floor pens. No differences in performance due to fat source were seen at 7 days. However, the increase in energy levels to 3,100 kcal ME/kg reduced feed intake, whereas feed conversion was improved with energy at 3,000 kcal ME/ kg. Live performance, and the yields of carcass and commercial cuts were not affected by the type of fat included in the feeds from 7 to 42 days, except for increased body weight at 21 and 35 days with ASS supplementation. Litter moisture at 7, 21, 35 and 42 days was not affected by any of the factors and there were no residual effects of treatments at 21, 35 and 42 days of age. On the other hand, body weight at 35 days was affected by the interaction of diets fed in the first week with those provided afterwards. The results showed that ME values used for DSO and ASS are adequate and that ASS may be used as fat source in broiler feeds from placement to 42 days of age.
An Analysis of Socioemotional and Task Communication in Online Multiplayer Video Games

Communication within recreational computer-mediated settings has received less attention than interaction in instrumental and organizational contexts. The present study compared the socioemotional and task-oriented content of 5,826 text messages produced by participants of an online video game. The results suggest that participants produced significantly more socioemotional than task content. Consistent with predictions flowing from Social Information Processing Theory, the vast majority of messages were socioemotional and positively valenced, despite the ostensible game objective of fighting other participants. Experience level played an important role in message production. More experienced participants produced both more positive and fewer negative socioemotional messages than the less experienced and used more specialized language conventions (e.g., emoticons, scripted emotes, and abbreviations). The results are discussed in the context of previous research examining the effect of communication medium and interaction purpose on socioemotional and task message production.
Prevalence of sarcopenia and predictors of skeletal muscle mass in healthy, older men and women.

BACKGROUND Sarcopenia refers to the loss of skeletal muscle mass with age. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in a population of older, community-dwelling research volunteers. METHODS Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry in 195 women aged 64 to 93 years and 142 men aged 64 to 92 years. We defined sarcopenia as appendicular skeletal muscle mass/height(2) (square meters) less than 2 standard deviations below the mean for young, healthy reference populations. We used two different reference populations and compared prevalence in our population to that reported in previous studies. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and physical activity and performance were measured with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, the Short Physical Performance Battery, and the Physical Performance Test. We measured health-related quality of life by using the SF-36 general health survey. Serum estrone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, parathyroid hormone, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D were measured in all participants and bioavailable testosterone was measured only in men. Leg press strength and leg press power were determined in men. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia in our cohort was 22.6% in women and 26.8% in men. A subgroup analysis of women and men 80 years or older revealed prevalence rates of 31.0% and 52.9%, respectively. In women, skeletal muscle mass correlated significantly with BMI and levels of serum estrone, estradiol, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D; in men, it correlated significantly with BMI, single leg stance time, leg press strength, leg press power, SF-36 general health score, Physical Performance Test total score, and bioavailable testosterone levels. With the use of linear regression analysis, BMI was the only predictor of appendicular skeletal muscle mass in women, accounting for 47.9% of the variance (p <.05). In men, BMI accounted for 50.1%, mean strength accounted for 10.3%, mean power accounted for 4.1%, and bioavailable testosterone accounted for 2.6% of the variance in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (p <.05). CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is common in adults over the age of 65 years and increases with age. BMI is a strong predictor of skeletal muscle mass in women and men. Strength, power, and bioavailable testosterone are further contributors in men. These data suggest that interventions to target nutrition, strength training, and testosterone replacement therapy should be further investigated for their role in preventing muscle loss with age.
A new balance formula to estimate new particle formation rate: reevaluating the effect of coagulation scavenging

Abstract. A new balance formula to estimate new particle formation rate is proposed. It is derived from the aerosol general dynamic equation in the discrete form and then converted into an approximately continuous form for analyzing data from new particle formation (NPF) field campaigns. The new formula corrects the underestimation of the coagulation scavenging effect that occurred in the previously used formulae. It also clarifies the criteria for determining the upper size bound in measured aerosol size distributions for estimating new particle formation rate. An NPF field campaign was carried out from 7 March to 7 April 2016 in urban Beijing, and a diethylene glycol scanning mobility particle spectrometer equipped with a miniature cylindrical differential mobility analyzer was used to measure aerosol size distributions down to ∼ 1 nm. Eleven typical NPF events were observed during this period. Measured aerosol size distributions from 1 nm to 10 µm were used to test the new formula and the formulae widely used in the literature. The previously used formulae that perform well in a relatively clean atmosphere in which nucleation intensity is not strong were found to underestimate the comparatively high new particle formation rate in urban Beijing because of their underestimation or neglect of the coagulation scavenging effect. The coagulation sink term is the governing component of the estimated formation rate in the observed NPF events in Beijing, and coagulation among newly formed particles contributes a large fraction to the coagulation sink term. Previously reported formation rates in Beijing and in other locations with intense NPF events might be underestimated because the coagulation scavenging effect was not fully considered; e.g., estimated formation rates of 1.5 nm particles in this campaign using the new formula are 1.3–4.3 times those estimated using the formula neglecting coagulation among particles in the nucleation mode.
24 Assessment and Management of the Pediatric Airway

Anatomic features that differ between children and adults include (1) a proportionally larger head and occiput (relative to body size), causing neck fl exion and leading to potential airway obstruction when lying supine; (2) a relatively larger tongue, decreasing the size of the oral cavity; (3) decreased muscle tone, resulting in passive obstruction of the airway by the tongue; (4) a shorter, narrower, horizontally positioned, softer epiglottis; (5) cephalad and anterior position of the larynx; (6) shorter, smaller, narrower trachea; and (7) funnel-shaped versus cylindrical airway, such that the narrowest portion of the airway is located at the level of the cricoid cartilage (Figure 24.1). The fi rst and perhaps most obvious difference is that the pediatric airway is much smaller in diameter and shorter in length than the adult’s. For example, the length of the trachea changes from approximately 4 cm in neonates to approximately 12 cm in adults, and the tracheal diameter varies from approximately 3 mm in the premature infant to approximately 25 mm in the adult [11,13]. According to Hagen-Poiseuille’s law, the change in air fl ow resulting from a reduction in airway diameter is directly proportional to the airway radius elevated to the fourth power:
On the Theory of Scales of Measurement.

The current issues will remain at 32 pages until we are assured of a more adequate supply ofpaper. Bacto-Agar is a purified Agar prepared from domestic material. In the manufacture of Bacto-Agar extraneous matter, pigmented portions, and salts are reduced to a minimum, so that the finished product in the form of fine granules will dissolve rapidly, giving clear solutions. Bacto-Asparagine Bacto-Asparagine is a purified amino acid widely used in synthetic culture media and in the preparation of tuberculin.