Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Results of 310 cases of rapid maxillary expansion selected for medical reasons

1. Rapid Maxillary Expansion is a comparatively simple, conservative method of treating impaired nasal respiration. 2. It can be used from 4 years to 25 or 30 years of age, but the younger the patient the better the long term results. 3. The medical indications are a combination of poor nasal airway, septal deformity, recurrent ear or nasal infection, allergic rhinitis and asthma, and prior to septoplasty. 4. The dental indications are mainly unilateral or bilateral cross bite, class III (prognathoid) malocclusion, maxillary compression, and cleft palate. 5. The dental contra-indications are normal occlusion in the permanent dentition and to a lesser degree severe class II occlusion and micromandible. 6. In selected cases, it produces a change of over 80 percent from mouth to nose breathing. In this series of 310 consecutive cases 87 percent were greatly improved, 9 percent had a fair result and 4 percent a poor result. 7. It also gives considerable improvement in colds and respiratory infection, nasal allergy and many cases of asthma. The improvement in health and confidence and concentration in over 30 percent of cases is particularly pleasing. 8. The rationale of Rapid Maxillary Expansion can be explained by the maxillary moulding theory of production of septal and facial deformities.
Growth trends in wide-area TCP connections

A recently completed single-site study has yielded information about how Internet traffic will evolve, as new users discover the Internet and existing users find new ways to incorporate the Internet into their work patterns. The author reviews existing statistics and studies of network growth, which show that network traffic generally grows exponentially with time, at least until the network carrying capacity is reached. He then describes how he captured and reduced the data used in this study. The following points are also addressed: the overall growth in the site's wide-area traffic; the appearance of periodic traffic; the growth in network use by individual computers or users; and the changing geographic profile of the traffic. The implications and limitations of the results are also summarizes. <<ETX>>
Effect of timing on the response to postal questionnaires concerning satisfaction with anaesthesia care.

BACKGROUND There is little information on the effect of time on the assessment by the patient of quality of anaesthesia care. This study compared the patient's assessment of anaesthesia care after three different periods of time following discharge from hospital. Materials. Three groups of patients were assigned to receive a standardized, validated psychometric questionnaire either 1, 5, or 9 weeks after discharge from hospital. We measured response rate and the total mean problem score of six dimensions. RESULTS Groups 1, 2, and 3 received 748, 743, and 723 questionnaires, respectively. The response rates including one reminder were 67.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 63.9-70.6%), 64.5% (CI 61.1-67.9%), and 58.9% (CI 55.5-62.4%), respectively (Group 1 vs Group 3, P<0.001, and Group 2 vs Group 3, P<0.05). The total mean problem scores were not significantly different with 17 (CI 1.4%), 17 (CI 1.4%), and 15% (CI 1.3%), respectively. In two out of six dimensions ('Continuity of personal care by anaesthetist' and 'Nursing care in recovery room') significantly less problems were reported after 9 weeks. The other dimensions of the questionnaire showed no consistent differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS The response rate is significantly lower at 9 weeks compared with 1 and 5 weeks after discharge. The total mean problem score remains unchanged but certain fields show fewer problems after 9 weeks compared with 1 and 5 weeks. Questionnaires on patient satisfaction with anaesthesia care should be sent within 5 weeks of discharge.
Unfolding Social Hierarchies

Abstract Consider a large population of finitely-lived agents organized into n different hierarchical levels. Every period, all those placed at each level are randomly matched to play a given symmetric game. Based on the resulting outcome, a ρ-fraction of agents who (within their own level) attain the highest payoffs are promoted upwards. On the other hand, newcomers replacing those who die every period enter at the lowest level and choose irreversibly the strategy to be played for the rest of their life. This choice is made, with some noise, by imitating one of the strategies adopted at the highest level. In this setup, the unique long-run behavior of the system is fully characterized for the whole class of 2×2 coordination games and two alternative variations of the model. The results crucially depend on the key “institutional” parameters ρ and n. In particular, it is shown that inefficient behavior prevails in the long run (even when risk-dominated) if promotion is only mildly selective—high ρ—and the social system is quite hierarchical—large n. In a stylized manner, these parameter conditions may be viewed as reflecting a sort of institutional deficiency that impairs economic performance. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C70, C72, C73, D72.
Mathematical competencies in children with different types of learning difficulties.

The mathematical performance of 182 third and fourth graders in 8 different areas of mathematics was examined. The children belonged to 4 achievement groups: children with mathematic difficulties (MD only), children with both mathematic and reading difficulties (MD-RD), children with reading difficulties (RD only), and normally achieving children (control group). Both MD groups performed worse than the normally achieving children in all but 1 area, place value knowledge. The MD-only and the MD-RD children performed equally in all areas of mathematics. The RD-only group performed at the same level as the control group on all areas of mathematics. The study provides further evidence that fact retrieval deficits are a cardinal characteristic of children with MD. The MD children's substantial difficulties with mathematic word problem solving can be attributed to several processes involved in problem solving. Besides poor skills in multidigit calculation, arithmetic fact retrieval, and poor understanding of calculation principles, children with MD might have deficits related to specific problem-solving processes such as establishing a problem representation and developing a solution plan.
Dynamics of self-trapped beams with phase dislocation in saturable Kerr and quadratic nonlinear media

We present a detailed stability analysis of one- and two-ring solitary waves with central phase dislocation in self-focusing saturable and quadratic nonlinear media. Varying parameters, we demonstrate transitions between different filamentation scenarios. An analytical approach is developed for the study of filament dynamics after ring breakup. Approximate expressions for the angular separation rate of filaments based on the conservation of the angular momentum and on the conservation of the Hamiltonian are derived and compared. The stability analysis and analytical results are tested by an extensive series of numerical simulations of the original models, and good agreement is found. @S1063-651X~98! 14609-3#
Determination of Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine in Serum from Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: UPLC-MS/MS versus ELISA

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, and its structural isomer symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are uremic toxins accumulating in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a robust UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of ADMA and SDMA in human serum. Chromatographic separation after butyl ester derivatization was achieved on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column, followed by tandem mass spectrometric detection. After validation, the applicability of the method was evaluated by the analysis of serum samples from 10 healthy controls and 77 CKD patients on hemodialysis (CKD5HD). Both ADMA (0.84 ± 0.19 µM vs. 0.52 ± 0.07 µM) and SDMA concentrations (2.06 ± 0.82 µM vs. 0.59 ± 0.13 µM) were significantly (p < 0.001) elevated in CKD5HD patients compared to healthy controls. In general, low degrees of protein binding were found for both ADMA and SDMA. In addition, an established commercially available ELISA kit was utilized on the same samples (n = 87) to compare values obtained both with ELISA and UPLC-MS/MS. Regression analysis between these two methods was significant (p < 0.0001) but moderate for both ADMA (R = 0.78) and SDMA (R = 0.72).
Parents' Coping and Communication following Their Infant'S Death

The purpose of this study was: 1) to examine whether mothers and fathers utilize similar or different coping strategies to deal with the death of their infant, and 2) to explore whether discordant parental coping was associated with communication difficulties. Twenty-seven couples who had experienced a stillbirth, neonatal death, or Sudden Infant Death within the previous six to twenty-seven months were asked to participate. Two constructs were measured: (a) Coping was assessed with the Ways of Coping Checklist and the Coping with the Death of a Child instrument and (b) Communication was measured with the Marital Communication Inventory. Mothers and fathers independently completed these three questionnaires. Mothers and fathers differed in their use of only three of the fourteen coping strategies examined. Thus, mothers' and fathers' coping strategies, six to twenty-seven months post-loss, were more concordant than discordant. Mothers used seeking social support, escape-avoidance strategies, and preoccupation to a significantly greater extent than did fathers. Important predictors of mothers' coping strategies were the infant's age and time since the death, while for fathers the important predictors were the infant's gender and the family income level. For couples whose coping was discordant, mothers perceived higher levels of conflict in their communication with their spouses as compared to couples whose coping was concordant.
PTSD, GUILT, AND SHAME AMONG RECKLESS DRIVERS

This study examines posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), guilt, and shame among men convicted of having caused death through reckless driving. It also examines the contribution of sociodemographic variables, accident-related variables, and punishment-related variables to these outcomes. Seventy-five men participated in the study, 38 who accidentally caused the death of another in a road accident and 37 matched controls. Findings show that drivers who accidentally caused the death of another are a high-risk group for PTSD and accident-related guilt. The findings also reveal that PTSD and guilt are associated with severity of the punishment, degree of responsibility the driver assumes for the accident, and the driver's sense that he could have prevented the accident. Clinical implications are discussed.
Opinion Leadership in Indian Villages and Diffusion of E-Choupal

e-Choupal was initially set up by the Indian Tobacco Company (ITC) in 2000, providing farmers with information about latest market prices of crops, a provision to sell crops directly to buyers and up-todate information on weather and farming practices through its Internet networks. This article analyzes the role of opinion leadership in farmers’ communication networks of farmers in Madhya Pradesh, India, and its strategic use to diffuse a source of innovative-framing information source, e-Choupal. The specific purposes of this study are to identify opinion leaders by using social network analysis and to analyze the attributes of the opinion leaders in the diffusion of e-Choupal in Indian villages. Our research site was the State of Madhya Pradesh in India where e-Choupal centres were first set up. Our data was collected in 14 villages covered by three e-Choupal centers. Using a sociometric method of social network analysis, 225 Indian farmers’ communication networks were analyzed. As a result, we revealed four network groups and identified opinion leaders in the groups. The identified opinion leaders were Sanchalaks, who were selected and trained by ITC, and who lived in and owned the house where the e-Choupal system was installed. In terms of diffusion, the Sanchalaks were both, that is, information sources about e-Choupal and key influentials on farmers’ decisions to adopt the innovation. This study also discusses some important social network attributes among Indian farmers, grounded in the diffusion of innovation theory.
Echoes in correlated neural systems

Correlations are employed in modern physics to explain microscopic and macroscopic phenomena, like the fractional quantum Hall effect and the Mott insulator state in high temperature superconductors and ultracold atoms. Simultaneously probed neurons in the intact brain reveal correlations between their activity, an important measure to study information processing in the brain that also influences the macroscopic signals of neural activity, like the electroencephalogram (EEG). Networks of spiking neurons differ from most physical systems: the interaction between elements is directed, time delayed, mediated by short pulses and each neuron receives events from thousands of neurons. Even the stationary state of the network cannot be described by equilibrium statistical mechanics. Here we develop a quantitative theory of pairwise correlations in finite-sized random networks of spiking neurons. We derive explicit analytic expressions for the population-averaged cross correlation functions. Our theory explains why the intuitive mean field description fails, how the echo of single action potentials causes an apparent lag of inhibition with respect to excitation and how the size of the network can be scaled while maintaining its dynamical state. Finally, we derive a new criterion for the emergence of collective oscillations from the spectrum of the time-evolution propagator.
The G534E polymorphism of the gene encoding the factor VII–activating protease is associated with cardiovascular risk due to increased neointima formation

The G534E polymorphism (Marburg I [MI]) of factor VII–activating protease (FSAP) is associated with carotid stenosis and cardiovascular disease. We have previously demonstrated that FSAP is present in atherosclerotic plaques and it is a potent inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration in vitro. The effect of wild-type (WT)- and MI-FSAP on neointima formation in the mouse femoral artery after wire-induced injury was investigated. Local application of WT-FSAP led to a 70% reduction in the neointima formation, and this effect was dependent on the protease activity of FSAP. MI-FSAP did not inhibit neointima formation in vivo. This is due to a reduced proteolytic activity of MI-FSAP, compared to WT-FSAP, toward platelet-derived growth factor BB, a key mediator of neointima development. The inability of MI-FSAP to inhibit vascular smooth muscle accumulation explains the observed linkage between the MI-polymorphism and increased cardiovascular risk. Hence, FSAP has a protective function in the vasculature, and analysis of MI polymorphism is likely to be clinically relevant in restenosis.
Assortative Matching of Exporters and Importers

This paper studies how exporting and importing firms match based on their capability by investigating the change in such exporter-importer matching during trade liberalization. During the recent liberalization of the Mexico-U.S. textile and apparel trade, exporters and importers often switch their main partners as well as change trade volumes. We develop a many-to-many matching model of exporters and importers where partner switching is the principal margin of adjustment, featuring Beckerian positive assortative matching by capability. Trade liberalization achieves efficient global buyer-supplier matching and improves consumer welfare by inducing systematic partner switching. The data confirm the predicted partner-switching patterns.
Phytoremediation of the Toxic Effluent Generated During Recovery of Precious Metals from Polymetallic Sea Nodules

Recovery of metals from the polymetallic sea nodules at the pilot plant at National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, India has generated a highly toxic effluent. This effluent contains several metals like Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cr, and Cd that pollute the neighboring water bodies when discharged. Hence detoxification of this effluent was practiced using two plants: Lemna minor and Azolla pinnata for 7 days. During investigation A. pinnata removed 96% of Mn, 97% of Cu, 98% of Zn, 70% of Fe, 96% of Pb, 93% of Cr, 78% of Cd, and was comparatively more effective than L. minor which removed 94% of Mn, 86% of Cu, 62% of Zn, 74% of Fe, 84% of Pb, 63% of Cr, 78% of Cd. During the 7 days of experiment chlorophyll content decreased by 51% and 59% in A. pinnata and L. minor respectively. Based on our findings we can suggest that these two plants have wide range of metal retention potentialities hence can be of routine use for purification of toxic effluents.
Patterns of Dolphin Bycatch in a North-Western Australian Trawl Fishery

The bycatch of small cetaceans in commercial fisheries is a global wildlife management problem. We used data from skippers' logbooks and independent observers to assess common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) bycatch patterns between 2003 and 2009 in the Pilbara Trawl Fishery, Western Australia. Both datasets indicated that dolphins were caught in all fishery areas, across all depths and throughout the year. Over the entire datasets, observer reported bycatch rates (n = 52 dolphins in 4,124 trawls, or 12.6 dolphins/1,000 trawls) were ca. double those reported by skippers (n = 180 dolphins in 27,904 trawls, or 6.5 dolphins/1,000 trawls). Generalised Linear Models based on observer data, which better explained the variation in dolphin bycatch, indicated that the most significant predictors of dolphin catch were: (1) vessel - one trawl vessel caught significantly more dolphins than three others assessed; (2) time of day – the lowest dolphin bycatch rates were between 00:00 and 05:59; and (3) whether nets included bycatch reduction devices (BRDs) - the rate was reduced by ca. 45%, from 18.8 to 10.3 dolphins/1,000 trawls, after their introduction. These results indicated that differences among vessels (or skippers' trawling techniques) and dolphin behavior (a diurnal pattern) influenced the rates of dolphin capture; and that spatial or seasonal adjustments to trawling effort would be unlikely to significantly reduce dolphin bycatch. Recent skipper's logbook data show that dolphin bycatch rates have not declined since those reported in 2006, when BRDs were introduced across the fishery. Modified BRDs, with top-opening escape hatches from which dolphins might escape to the surface, may be a more effective means of further reducing dolphin bycatch. The vulnerability of this dolphin population to trawling-related mortality cannot be assessed in the absence of an ongoing observer program and without information on trawler-associated dolphin community size, broader dolphin population size and connectivity with adjacent populations.
The Sexual Division of Labor: Evidence from Childhood

This research reports the childhood antecedents of the sexual division of labor, analyzing the family chores and paid employment of 669 boys and girls aged 2-17. Data from a statewide random sample of parents show that sex typing begins very early in work roles and that, by the time children reach adolescence, sharp differences exist between "boys' work" and "girls' work. " Multiple classification analysis indicates that family background characteristics and family structure have relatively little impact compared to sex and age of child as determinants of sex typing. Both at home and in the marketplace men and women do different kinds of work: they have different working conditions, rewards, hours, and tasks. While some of these may be ascribed to external factors, others may be attributed to learned differences in the attitudes and aspirations of men and women-the fact that a significant proportion of women would rather do the laundry than mow the lawn, rather be a teacher than an engineer, rather type than do construction (Marini). The processes through which these differences are leamed have been the subject of a burgeoning literature on sex-role socialization. While much of this literature indirectly bears on the maintenance of a sexual division of labor, there has been little research on direct childhood socialization into sex-typed work roles. Yet children do work, both at home and in paid employment outside the home. What are the socialization implications of these childhood experiences? We seek to provide leads to the mechanisms through which the sexual division of labor is passed from one generation to the next by examining the differentials in work experience of boys and girls.
Spectrum Aware Multi-Channel Opportunistic Routing in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

In order to improve the throughput of Cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs) and cope with unreliable wireless channels, opportunistic routing (OR) protocols have been proposed. Traditional OR protocols are worked on single channel environments and most OR protocols prioritize the candidates on the cost defined as ETX (expected number of transmissions). In this paper, we propose a multi-channel opportunistic routing protocol (MCORP) in CRSN. When assigning the priority of candidates, we introduce a new metric that balances the remaining power of the candidate, the delivery ratio and the ETX. The delivery ratio and ETX of each link can be calculated average for all channels contained in CRSN. Also, we propose a candidate construction algorithm since there exists a trade-off between the benefit (transmission reliability) and cost (energy consumption) when selecting the optimize candidate set. The main contribution of this paper is reflected in the packet forwarding process, which can utilize multi-channels also joint with the feature of opportunistic. Simulation results show that MCORP performs better in throughput than the multi-channel routing (MCR) protocol.
Beyond environmental concerns: using means–end chains to explore the personal psychological values and motivations of leisure/recreational cyclists

This study employs the means–end chain approach to explore the psychological values that motivate leisure and recreational cyclists. In-depth personal interviews with 60 subjects in Taiwan supplied data. The paper notes the growing importance of cycling for sustainable tourism in general, and slow tourism in particular. It examines the existing literature on cycling's perceived benefits. It finds that in addition to having conscious environmental concerns, cyclists seek security in many personal ways; major intrinsic motivational factors include competence mastery, solitude, exploration, physical challenge, adventure experiences, stimulus seeking, social encounters, and relaxation/escapism. The research produced a summary chart called a hierarchical value map that characterizes the key linkages associated with the particular experience domain of cyclists. Core values include happiness, belongingness, self-esteem, and self-actualization, all of which appear to be the end-states that the cyclists’ goal-striving would like to achieve. The values reflect the leisure/recreational cyclists’ engagement in this activity to fulfil basic and higher-order needs, based on Maslow's theory of a five-level hierarchy of personal needs leading to self-actualization. The study's findings have implications for researchers and practitioners interested in developing sustainable tourism and recreational opportunities that target cycling subcultures. A range of future research needs are discussed.