Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Off-Target Serine/Threonine Kinase 10 Inhibition by Erlotinib Enhances Lymphocytic Activity Leading to Severe Skin Disorders

Skin disorders are among the most common adverse events related to treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitors, and of these, erlotinib is known to cause more frequent and severe skin disease than other agents in this class. Although previous reports have shown that cutaneous manifestations are triggered by the inhibition of multiple EGFR-related homeostatic functions of the skin, this mechanism alone cannot explain the differences in frequency and severity of skin disorders caused by different kinase inhibitors. In this study, we focused on the relationship between the off-target kinase inhibition and aggravation of skin disorders. Based on calculations using reported Kd values and plasma drug concentrations, serine/threonine kinase 10 (STK10) and Ste20-like kinase (SLK) were selected as candidates preferentially inhibited by erlotinib over gefitinib. In vitro experiments confirmed that STK10 and SLK kinase activity are inhibited by erlotinib at clinical concentrations, whereas only STK10 is slightly inhibited by gefitinib. It was also shown that erlotinib up-regulated lymphocytic responses such as interleukin (IL)-2 secretion and cell migration at clinical concentrations, whereas gefitinib did not affect lymphocyte activity. Moreover, small interfering RNA experiments revealed that STK10 plays a major role in up-regulation of the lymphocytic responses induced by erlotinib treatment. Finally, the role of erlotinib-induced lymphocyte activation was assessed in vivo using irritant hypersensitivity models. The results indicated that erlotinib aggravates cutaneous inflammatory reactions through the activation of lymphocytic responses such as IL-2 secretion and cell migration. These results demonstrated that off-target inhibition of STK10 by erlotinib enhances lymphocytic responses, which lead to the aggravation of skin inflammation.
Efficient Color Boundary Detection with Color-Opponent Mechanisms

Color information plays an important role in better understanding of natural scenes by at least facilitating discriminating boundaries of objects or areas. In this study, we propose a new framework for boundary detection in complex natural scenes based on the color-opponent mechanisms of the visual system. The red-green and blue-yellow color opponent channels in the human visual system are regarded as the building blocks for various color perception tasks such as boundary detection. The proposed framework is a feed forward hierarchical model, which has direct counterpart to the color-opponent mechanisms involved in from the retina to the primary visual cortex (V1). Results show that our simple framework has excellent ability to flexibly capture both the structured chromatic and achromatic boundaries in complex scenes.
[Results of plate osteosynthesis in comminuted fracture of the olecranon].

Comminuted fractures of the olecranon are an absolute indication for operative treatment. Adequate therapy is only possible when open reduction and plating are performed. In the last 20 years, 31 of our patients, i.e. 0.0001% of all patients treated for injuries, had this type of olecranon fracture, and in 25 follow-up examination was possible. The fracture type was classified according to the ASIF system. The range of motion, i.e., extension, flexion, pro- and supination, and pain, physical strength and rehabilitation were classified according to our own system. In cases with concomitant fracture of the radial head, reconstruction is necessary to provide adequate axial movement and strength in the forearm. Brief plaster fixation after the operation makes it possible to restrict the development of ankylosis in the elbow joint. The results were excellent in 10 patients, good in 5 patients, fair in 4 and poor in 6 patients. In 3 patients, i.e. 10% ankylosis was present in the elbow joint; this was considered to constitute an indication for arthroplasty, which gave a better postoperative range of motion.
Racial Profiling in Canada: Challenging the Myth of "A Few Bad Apples."

Racial Profiling in Canada: Challenging the Myth of "a Few Bad Apples. " Carol Tator and Frances Henry. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. 251 pp. $75.00 hc; $35.00 sc. Tator and Henry's book was apparently prompted by a series of articles published in the Toronto Star newspaper in October 2002 about the repeated stopping and searching of racial minority individuals, especially young African Canadians. The Star series generated a heated debate over this issue between the Toronto police authorities, authors of the newspaper articles (and the Star as an institution), and local authorities. The Toronto Police Association contested the newspaper articles' validity and denied any systemic application of racial profiling by police officers. The general purpose of the book, the authors state, "is to uncover and deconstruct racial profiling practices in Canadian society" (p. 17). They have done so using a multidisciplinary, discursive approach in which they examine the meaning and implications of facial profiling in theory and practice. The authors make bold statements about racism in Canada. Historically, they refer to the treatment of Aboriginals, slaves, and later the Japanese; and currently, they point to the racist practices that target various racial and ethnic minorities. "Racism," they argue, "has flourished to this day" (p. 39) and has always been institutionalized in politics, law, education, and the media (pp. 187-88). Ironically, we must note that it was the Star's media reports that led to the writing of this book. Theoretically and methodologically, the book is inspired by the post-structuralist and post-modernist approaches of Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu, among others, which give local and micronarratives a prominent role in the production of knowledge to counter the metanarratives of the dominant groups and classes. Yet the book's methodology combines quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques (provided by two contributory authors in two separate chapters) to assess the extent of racial profiling and document, through interviews, the feelings and reactions of those subjected to it. In the other six chapters, Tator and Henry analyze relevant concepts and theories and discuss the importance of narration in understanding the realities of racial profiling. The authors argue that racial profiling is a manifestation of "democratic racism," in which bias and discrimination "cloak their presence" in liberal principles. The white majority uses a "racialized discourse" as a strategy to tutu attention away from racial profiling as a concrete social problem. …
The Demand for Bad Policy When Voters Underappreciate Equilibrium Effects

Most of the political economy literature blames inefficient policies on institutions or politicians’ motives to supply bad policy, but voters may themselves be partially responsible by demanding bad policy. In this article, we posit that voters may systematically err when assessing potential changes in policy by underappreciating how new policies lead to new equilibrium behaviour. This biases voters towards policy changes that create direct benefits—welfare would rise if behaviour were held constant—even if those reforms ultimately reduce welfare because people adjust behaviour. Conversely, voters are biased against policies that impose direct costs even if they induce larger indirect benefits. Using a lab experiment, we find that a majority of subjects vote against policies that, while inflicting direct costs, would help them to overcome social dilemmas and thereby increase welfare. Subjects also support policies that, while producing direct benefits, create social dilemmas and ultimately hurt welfare. Both mistakes arise because subjects fail to fully anticipate the equilibrium effects of new policies. More precisely, we establish that subjects systematically underappreciate the extent to which policy changes will affect the behaviour of other people, and that these mistaken beliefs exert a causal effect on the demand for bad policy.
Incredible: is (almost) all web content trustworthy? analysis of psychological factors related to website credibility evaluation

This paper describes the results of a study conducted in February 2013 on Amazon Mechanical Turk aimed at identifying various determinants of credibility evaluations. 2046 adult participants evaluated credibility of websites with diversified trustworthiness reference index. We concentrated on psychological factors that lead to the characteristic positive bias observed in many working social feedback systems on the Internet. We have used International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) and measured the following traits: trust, conformity, risk taking, need for cognition and intellect. Results suggest that trustworthiness and risk taking are factors clearly differentiating people with respect to tendency to overestimate, underestimate and judge accordingly websites' credibility. Intuitively people characterized by high general trust tend to be more generous in their credibility evaluations. On the other hand, people who are more willing to take risk, tend to be more critical of the Internet content. The latter indicates that high credibility evaluations are being treated as a default option, and lower ratings require special conditions. Other, more detailed psychological patterns related to websites' credibility evaluations are described in full paper.
Cross-Modal Scene Networks

People can recognize scenes across many different modalities beyond natural images. In this paper, we investigate how to learn cross-modal scene representations that transfer across modalities. To study this problem, we introduce a new cross-modal scene dataset. While convolutional neural networks can categorize scenes well, they also learn an intermediate representation not aligned across modalities, which is undesirable for cross-modal transfer applications. We present methods to regularize cross-modal convolutional neural networks so that they have a shared representation that is agnostic of the modality. Our experiments suggest that our scene representation can help transfer representations across modalities for retrieval. Moreover, our visualizations suggest that units emerge in the shared representation that tend to activate on consistent concepts independently of the modality.
Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1 and 2 Regulate the Balance Between Eccentric and Concentric Cardiac Growth

Rationale: An increase in cardiac afterload typically produces concentric hypertrophy characterized by an increase in cardiomyocyte width, whereas volume overload or exercise results in eccentric growth characterized by cellular elongation and addition of sarcomeres in series. The signaling pathways that control eccentric versus concentric heart growth are not well understood. Objective: To determine the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in regulating the cardiac hypertrophic response. Methods and Results: Here, we used mice lacking all ERK1/2 protein in the heart (Erk1−/− Erk2fl/fl-Cre) and mice expressing activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (Mek)1 in the heart to induce ERK1/2 signaling, as well as mechanistic experiments in cultured myocytes to assess cellular growth characteristics associated with this signaling pathway. Although genetic deletion of all ERK1/2 from the mouse heart did not block the cardiac hypertrophic response per se, meaning that the heart still increased in weight with both aging and pathological stress stimulation, it did dramatically alter how the heart grew. For example, adult myocytes from hearts of Erk1−/− Erk2fl/fl-Cre mice showed preferential eccentric growth (lengthening), whereas myocytes from Mek1 transgenic hearts showed concentric growth (width increase). Isolated adult myocytes acutely inhibited for ERK1/2 signaling by adenoviral gene transfer showed spontaneous lengthening, whereas infection with an activated Mek1 adenovirus promoted constitutive ERK1/2 signaling and increased myocyte thickness. A similar effect was observed in engineered heart tissue under cyclic stretching, where ERK1/2 inhibition led to preferential lengthening. Conclusions: Taken together, these data demonstrate that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway uniquely regulates the balance between eccentric and concentric growth of the heart.
Toluene diisocyanate caused electrophysiological disturbances in the upper airways wall.

OBJECTIVES Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) due to its widespread use in industry is one of the most common and well-known causes of occupational asthma and Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS). In this study the impact of TDI on the electrophysiological properties of the airways wall, particularly on the mechanisms of absorption of sodium ions and chloride ions secretion was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated rabbit tracheal wall (from outbred stock animals) was mounted in an apparatus for electrophysiological experiments by means of Ussing method and was mechanically stimulated by the jet flux of specified fluid directed onto the mucosal surface of the tissue from a peristaltic pump. The measured parameters were: transepithelial potential difference under control conditions (PD, mV), after mechanical stimulation (dPD or physiological reaction of hyperpolarization, mV) and electric resistance (R, Omega cm2). When TDI (0.035 mM) was added to stimulation fluid, only the immediate reaction was identified and when it was added to incubation fluid and other experimental fluids, the late (post-incubation) reaction was determined. The experiments involving the inhibition of Na+ by amiloride and Cl- by bumetanide were also performed. RESULTS A series of functional tests for 72 pieces of tracheal wall from 36 animals were performed. It has been shown that short-term exposure to TDI significantly changed the course of reactions to mechanical stimulation. Also after incubation in the presence of TDI, the reactions to mechanical stimulation were changed in relation to control conditions. CONCLUSIONS The immediate reaction of the isolated rabbit tracheal wall after exposure to TDI depends on the duration of exposure and on the physiological condition of the tissue in respect of sodium and chloride ion transport.
WORKING MEMORY CAPACITY AND L2 WRITING PERFORMANCE

Abstract This article surveys an experimental research on working memory capacity and second language (L2) writing performance. It attempts to tap on a principled account on whether individual differences in working memory capacity are related to L2 writing performance and whether such performance could be affected by working memory capacity. The experiment consists of a memory test - The operation-word span test (the OSPAN test), and the performance of a written task in the L2 (a sequencing narrative story board), as measured by accuracy and complexity. The results revealed evidence that there is statistically significant relationship between working memory (WM) capacity and L2 writing performance. In the concluding part, these issues are discussed and directions for further research are suggested. © Cien. Cogn. 2010; Vol. 15 (2): 002-020. Keywords : working memory capacity; L2 writing performance; accuracy; complexity. Resumo Este artigo investiga uma pesquisa experimental sobre capacidade da memoria de trabalho e desempenho da escrita na segunda lingua (L2). Ele examina se as diferencas individuais na memoria de trabalho estao relacionadas ao desempenho da escrita na L2 e se tal desempenho poderia ser afetado pela capacidade da memoria de trabalho. O experimento consiste em um teste de memoria - "The operation-word span test" ("the OSPAN test"), e no desempenho de uma tarefa escrita na L2 (uma narrativa em quadrinhos), como medida de precisao e complexidade. Os resultados mostraram evidencia que existe uma relacao estatisticamente significativa entre a capacidade de memoria de trabalho e o desempenho da escrita na L2. Na conclusao, estes topicos sao discutidos e direcoes para futuras pesquisas sao sugeridas. © Cien. Cogn. 2010; Vol. 15 (2): 002-020. Palavras-chaves : capacidade da memoria de trabalho; desempenho da escrita na L2; precisao; complexidade.
Success with Silverstein.

Last year I found an effective method for my 4th graders to practice oral ex pression using Shel Silverstein poems. My students love Shel Silverstein, and if they had any free time during read ing, they could be found reading one of his books, Where the Sidewalk Ends or A Light in the Attic. I decided to use this love and enthu siasm to motivate them to perform his poems. When I told them my idea, ex citement filled the room. I read through his two books and picked out poems that would be tun to learn and perform. Next I let the chil dren pick out their favorites. Everyone chose one poem to perform alone, and then they could learn and perform po ems with partners or small groups. The next day, we discussed oral ex pression: enunciation, volume, speak ing slowly, and voice tone. We brainstormed different hand and body motions that would fit with different poems and shared some simple prop and costume ideas. The students went home, worked on their poems, and came back ready to practice in front of the class. After wards, we shared compliments and constructive suggestions. The origi nality of each presentation was excit ing. Now we were ready to put together a performance for other students and parents. I wrote up a short narrative on Shel Silverstein's life, and we picked a narrator. Students picked the title for the program, "Blast Off with Shel Silverstein," and made a backdrop of stars, a rocket, and an enlarged picture of the poet and his books. We performed twice for parents and two different grade levels. I was amazed to find the students had learned each other's poems, which provided support and encouragement. The success of the program, along with the variety of poems and Shel Silverstein's popularity, leads me to be lieve this activity could be adapted to any grade level.
Evaluation of a safranin-O-stained antigen microagglutination test for francisella tularensis antibodies

A microagglutination test for Francisella tularensis, with 0.025-ml amounts of diluted sera and 0.025-ml amounts of safranin-O-stained antigen in U-bottom microtitration plates, was compared with a tube agglutination test by using 137 sera. There was 86.3% agreement (+/- 1 dilution variation) between the microagglutination results and the tube agglutination results for sera with tube agglutination titers of greater than or equal to 20. There was 100% agreement (+/- 1 dilution variation) for sera with titers of less than 20. The advantages of the microagglutination test are: (i) it requires fewer man hours to perform; (ii) it requires only one-twentieth of the amount of antigen; and (iii) it is easier to read.
Ileal apparent protein and amino acid digestibilities and endogenous nitrogen losses in pigs fed soybean and rapeseed products.

We investigated the effects of various protein sources on the apparent ileal digestibilities (AID) of CP and amino acids (AA) and on the recoveries of ileal endogenous nitrogen (N) in pigs. Ileal endogenous N losses (ENL) were measured using the 15N-isotope dilution method. Thirteen pigs (BW of 13 to 20 kg) were fitted with a post-valve-T-cecal cannula and two indwelling blood catheters. They were fed twice daily at a level of 2.6 times ME for maintenance. Cornstarch-based diets contained a soy concentrate (SC; 180.5 g/kg), soybean meal (SBM; 295 g/kg), or a mixture of toasted and untoasted soybean meal (mSBM; 330.4 g/kg) in Trial I or three rapeseed cakes, dehulled-toasted (RC1; 395 g/kg), non-dehulled-toasted (RC2; 458 g/kg), and dehulled-untoasted (RC3; 390 g/kg) in Trial II. The protein sources provided diets with similar levels of apparent ileal digestible CP (108 g/kg as-fed diet) and Lys, Met+Cys, Thr, and Trp. The AID of CP was greater (P < .05) for the SC (86.8%) and SBM (82.8%) than for the SBM (68.1%) diet. In Trial II, the AID of CP was greater (P < .05) for RC1 (76.2%) and RC3 (75.8%) than for the RC2 (69.5%) diet. For all diets, the differences in the AID for most of the AA corresponded to the differences in the AID of CP. The ENL (g/kg DMI) were greater (P < .05) for the mSBM diet (3.75) than for the SC (2.53) and SBM (2.53) diets in Trial I but were similar (P > .05; 2.24, 3.03, and 2.89 for RC1, RC2, and RC3, respectively) among diets in Trial II. We concluded that AID of CP of the soybean diets were associated with endogenous and dietary N losses. For these diets, increased ENL and dietary N losses were associated with a higher dietary trypsin inhibitor activity. For the rapeseed diets, dehulling increased AID of CP and AA, due to reduced ENL (P = .08) and dietary N losses (P < .05). Toasting of dehulled rapeseed cake did not affect the AID of CP and AA (P > .05) while reducing the true ileal CP digestibility (P < .05).
Semantic and distributed entity search in the web of data

Both the growth and ubiquitous character of the Internet have had a profound effect on how we access and consume data and information. More recently, the Semantic Web, an extension of the current Web has come increasingly relevant due to its widespread adoption. The Web of Data (WoD) is an extension of the current web, where not only documents are interlinked by means of hyperlinks but also data in terms of predicates. Specifically, it describes objects, entities or "things" in terms of their attributes and their relationships, using RDF data (and often is used equivalently to Linked Data). Given its growth, there is a strong need for making this wealth of knowledge accessible by keyword search (the de-facto standard paradigm for accessing information online). The goal of this thesis is to provide new techniques for accessing this data, i.e., to leverage its full potential to end users. We therefore address the following four main issues: a) how can the Web of Data be searched by means of keyword search? , b) what sets apart search in the WoD from traditional web search? , c) how can these elements be used in a sound and effective way? , and d) How can the techniques be adapted to a distributed environment? To this end, we develop techniques for effectively searching WoD sources. We build upon and formalise existing entity modelling approaches within a generative language modelling framework, and compare them experimentally using standard test collections. We show that these models outperform the current state-of-the-art in terms of retrieval effectiveness, however, this is done at the cost of abandoning a large part of the semantics behind the data. We propose a novel entity model capable of preserving the semantics associated with entities, without sacrificing retrieval effectiveness. We further show how these approaches can be applied in the distributed context, both with low (federated search) and high numbers (Peer-to-peer or P2P) of independent repositories, collections, or nodes. The main contributions are as follows: We develop a hybrid approach to search in the Web of Data, using elements from traditional information retrieval and structured retrieval alike. We formalise our approaches in a language model setting. We discuss and analyse based on our empirical evaluation and provide insights into the entity search problem.