Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications Graph Layout Aesthetics in Uml Diagrams: User Preferences

The merit of automatic graph layout algorithms is typically judged by their computational efficiency and the extent to which they conform to aesthetic criteria (for example, minimising the number of crossings, maximising orthogonality). Experiments investigating the worth of such algorithms from the point of view of human usability can take different forms, depending on whether the graph has meaning in the real world, the nature of the usability measurement, and the effect being investigated (algorithms or aesthetics). Previous studies have investigated performance on abstract graphs with respect to both aesthetics and algorithms, finding support for reducing the number of crossings and bends, and increasing the display of symmetry. This paper reports on preference experiments assessing the effect of individual aesthetics in the application domain of UML diagrams. Subjects' preferences for one diagram over another were collected as quantitative data. Their stated reasons for their choice were collected as qualitative data. Analysis of this data enabled us to produce a priority listing of aesthetics for this domain. These UML preference results reveal a difference in aesthetic priority from those of previous domain-independent experiments.
Challenges and Barriers to Sustainability Reporting in the Nigerian Context

This study examines the challenges and barriers of sustainability reporting faced by reporting entities in the Nigerian context. To conduct the literature review more systematically, the systematic review method was employed. Therefore, this study reveals that firms are still facing significant barriers and challenges in reporting sustainability such as lack of knowledge and understanding of sustainability reporting; lack of integration of sustainability performance with incentives; lack of sustainability communication with various stakeholder groups, lack of standardization in reporting sustainability; lack of collective efforts for sustainability. The study further, suggested that firms’ sustainability initiatives are being delayed due to lack of government policies regarding the determination of social and environmental programs which was also part of the hurdles to effective sustainability reporting. It was concluded that those barriers and challenges to sustainability reporting can be group into individual factors which include managers’ mind set and willpower and managers’ knowledge and skills; institutional factors such as Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines/standards, sustainability reporting award schemes, and stakeholder pressure; and finally the organizational factors which comprise top management support, employee support and resistance, technical issues with data, organizational reputation, and organizational culture. Therefore, the responsibility for promoting sustainability issues lies with the collective efforts of both organizations and institutions such as responsible investors, NGOs, consumers, governments, and stock exchanges. If these are achieved, would provide effective sustainability reporting in the future.
MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF GENETIC AND INHERITED DISEASES Neurodegenerative Disorder FTDP-17eRelated Tau Intron 10 D16C/T Mutation Increases Tau Exon 10 Splicing and Causes Tauopathy in Transgenic Mice

From the Department of Neuroscience,* Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology,y Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama; the Department of Aging Neurobiology,z Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu; and the School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation,x Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
Fuzzy Logic Method to Control Evenly Distributed and Stable Waterbath Temperature with Four Heaters

Water baths are commonly used in scientific fields to incubate samples at specific temperatures. The temperature of the water bath must be controlled precisely, because even the slightest temperature variation can affect the results of the experiment. It can handle imprecise, uncertain and incomplete information, making it suitable for temperature control in water baths. This research aims to determine the distribution and stability of fuzzy logic control to control the temperature of a water bath with four heaters. Even heat distribution from the four heaters will ensure consistent water bath temperature throughout the bath. This research uses an Arduino microcontroller to process the temperature sensor output from the DS18B20, then the processed temperature value will be displayed on the TFT LCD. The independent variable in this research is the temperature value, while the dependent variable is the DS18B20 temperature sensor. The largest error value from the module measurements is at a temperature setting of 30 ºC on the 2nd temperature sensor with an error value of 1.43%. Meanwhile, the smallest error value is found at a temperature setting of 35 ºC on the 1st and 4th temperature sensors with an error value of 0.01%. Data collection used a digital thermometer comparison tool with 10 repetitions as a temperature sensor reference tool. The results obtained using this sensor are more stable and have a high accuracy value. The results of the research show that the temperature difference between points 1 to 4 when viewed from the error percentage is very small, or it can be said that the temperature distribution is even. The conclusion from these results is that the module has a stable temperature value and the error value is low and is still within the tolerance limit. permitted is ±5%.
Frontogenesis and the Creation of Fine‐Scale Vertical Phytoplankton Structure

Author(s): de Verneil, A; Franks, PJS; Ohman, MD | Abstract: ©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Fine-scale spatial structuring of phytoplankton patches has significant consequences for the marine food web, from altering phytoplankton exposure to surface light and limiting nutrients, to influencing the foraging of zooplankton, modifying carbon export, and impacting patterns of diversity. Hence, it is important to identify these fine-scale features and determine what generates their variability. Here we present evidence of fine-scale, tilted, interleaved layers in salinity and chlorophyll-a fluorescence observed in free-fall Moving Vessel Profiler surveys across a frontal system west of Point Conception, California. The observed covariability of hydrographic and biological properties allows for decomposition of the features into different water histories. Our analyses suggest that recently upwelled coastal water subsequently advected and intermingled with surrounding water masses from farther offshore. Orientations of the fine layers found in the filament are consistent with restratification and downwelling due to an ageostrophic secondary circulation brought on by frontogenesis. Finite size Lyapunov exponents, a Lagrangian diagnostic calculated from remote sensing data, provide positive evidence for frontogenetic convergence occurring upstream of the feature and allow for direct comparisons with in situ data to gauge their general utility in defining dynamical boundaries. These results highlight how frontal systems not only horizontally compress the biological niches represented by formerly disparate water masses but also create vertical structure and patchiness that can rapidly change over submesoscales.
Definable topological dynamics and real Lie groups

We investigate definable topological dynamics of groups definable in an o‐minimal expansion of the field of reals. Assuming that a definable group G admits a model‐theoretic analogue of Iwasawa decomposition, namely the compact‐torsion‐free decomposition G=KH , we give a description of minimal subflows and the Ellis group of its universal definable flow SG(R) in terms of this decomposition. In particular, the Ellis group of this flow is isomorphic to NG(H)∩K(R) . This provides a range of counterexamples to a question by Newelski whether the Ellis group is isomorphic to G/G00 . We further extend the results to universal topological covers of definable groups, interpreted in a two‐sorted structure containing the o‐minimal sort R and a sort for an abelian group.
Thymosin &bgr;4 Attenuates Early Diabetic Nephropathy in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The chronic inflammatory processes and endothelial dysfunction play important roles in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN); the study aims to evaluate the effect of thymosin &bgr;4 (T&bgr;4), which has apparent anti-inflammatory properties and is capable of improving endothelial dysfunction, in early DN in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. KK Cg-Ay/J (KK) mice, aged 12–14 weeks, were divided into the following groups: KK control group that was treated with saline; KK T&bgr;4 group that was treated with T&bgr;4 100 ng/10 g of intraperitoneal injection once a day. Nondiabetic age-matched C57BL mice were used as additional normal control and also treated with T&bgr;4. The urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine, body weight, fasting blood glucose and 2-hour blood glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing, blood hemoglobin A1c, cholesterol, and triglyceride were determined at baseline time and 12 weeks after T&bgr;4 treatment for phenotypic characterizations. The KK T&bgr;4 group had reduced the mean fasting blood glucose, 2-hour blood glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing, hemoglobin A1c, and triglyceride levels compared with that in the KK control group (P < 0.05). T&bgr;4 treatment markedly reduced ACR (KK T&bgr;4 = 328.54 ± 46.14 mg/g vs. KK control = 540.34 ± 50.31 mg/g, P < 0.05). T&bgr;4 also significantly ameliorated renal pathological changes of KK T&bgr;4 mice as compared with that in KK control mice. T&bgr;4 treatment did not affect glucose homeostasis and urinary ACR and glomeruli of C57BL mice. These data in a novel mouse model of DN suggest that T&bgr;4 may ameliorate renal damage. This peptide may be a novel potential alternative agent for treatment of DN.
Fukushima radionuclides in the marine environment from coastal region of Japan to the Pacific Ocean through the end of 2016

The authors present total amount of released radiocaesium from FNPP1 accident which satisfy mass balance in all components of the environment. The authors also present consensus values of Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP1) derived 137Cs in the environment. Total amount of atmospheric release was 15-20 PBq and direct discharge to the ocean was 3-6 PBq, respectively. 12-15 PBq was deposited in the North Pacific and 3-6 PBq was deposited on land, respectively. Therefore 15-18 PBq was injected as sum of atmospheric deposition and direct discharge in the North Pacific Ocean. The authors also present temporal variation of 137Cs in coastal region close to FNPP1 site. Based on radiocaesium activity concentration and 134Cs/137Cs activity ratios decay corrected to 11 March 2011 in surface water, major source of radiocaesium is still FNPP1 site and contribution from global fallout 137Cs increased at Tomioka and Hasaki depending on the distances from FNPP1 site. A part of radiocaesium in the Sub Tropical Mode Water (STMW) in the Pacific Ocean is already obducted from ocean interior and enter into northern part of East China sea and in Japan Sea.
A Multidimensional Approach to Enhancing Recovery

summary Optimum performance requires a balance between training stress and recovery. Thus, programming recovery needs to be an active and integral part of an athlete's program. Because the nature of fatigue and subsequent recovery is complex and related to a large number of diverse factors, a recovery program needs to be multidimensional and address fatigue and recovery from a number of directions, utilizing both short-and long-term strategies.
Tipping the scales: the attribution problem and the feasibility of deterrence against cyberattack

Cyber attackers rely on deception to exploit vulnerabilities and obfuscate their identity, which makes many pessimistic about cyber deterrence. The attribution problem appears to make retaliatory punishment, contrasted with defensive denial, particularly ineffective. Yet observable deterrence failures against targets of lower value tell us little about the ability to deter attacks against higher value targets, where defenders may be more willing and able to pay the costs of attribution and punishment. Counterintuitively, costs of attribution and response may decline with scale. Reliance on deception is a double-edged sword that provides some advantages to the attacker but undermines offensive coercion and creates risks for ambitious intruders. Many of the properties of cybersecurity assumed to be determined by technology, such as the advantage of offense over defense, the difficulty of attribution, and the inefficacy of deterrence, are in fact consequences of political factors like the value of the target and the scale-dependent costs of exploitation and retaliation. Assumptions about attribution can be incorporated into traditional international relations concepts of uncertainty and credibility, even as attribution involves uncertainty about the identity of the opponent, not just interests and capabilities. This article uses a formal model to explain why there are many low-value anonymous attacks but few high-value ones, showing how different assumptions about the scaling of exploitation and retaliation costs lead to different degrees of coverage and effectiveness for deterrence by denial and punishment. Deterrence works where it is needed most, yet it usually fails everywhere else.
Dynamic overlay of scratchpad memory for energy minimization

The memory subsystem accounts for a significant portion of the aggregate energy budget of contemporary embedded systems. Moreover, there exists a large potential for optimizing the energy consumption of the memory subsystem. Consequently, novel memories as well as novel algorithms for their efficient utilization are being designed. Scratchpads are known to perform better than caches in terms of power, performance, area and predictability. However, unlike caches they depend upon software allocation techniques for their utilization. We present an allocation technique which analyzes the application and inserts instructions to dynamically copy both code segments and variables onto the scratchpad at runtime. We demonstrate that the problem of dynamically overlaying scratchpad is an extension of the global register allocation problem. The overlay problem is solved optimally using ILP formulation techniques. Our approach improves upon the only previously known allocation technique for statically allocating both variables and code segments onto the scratchpad. Experiments report an average reduction of 34% and 18% in the energy consumption and the runtime of the applications, respectively. A minimal increase in code size is also reported.
Optimizing Ratio of Monotone Set Functions

This paper considers the problem of minimizing the ratio of two set functions, i.e., f/g . Previous work assumed monotone and submodular of the two functions, while we consider a more general situation where g is not necessarily submodular. We derive that the greedy approach GreedRatio, as a ﬁxed time algorithm, achieves a
Distribution and morphometric measurements of Blanford’s Fox Vulpes cana (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

A study on Blanford’s Fox was conducted from Tabuk Province, a poorly studied area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), from December 2015 until May 2016. This study adds to our knowledge, where two survey methods were used, which are the live trapping and camera trapping methods. Five specimens were captured alive, in addition to a dead specimen reported during the survey period. Measurements of live, captured specimens were obtained and the skull of the dead specimen was measured. The information provided will serve as a basis for future monitoring of Blanford’s Fox in Saudi Arabia, and it will provide the foundation for future research in the species’ range of occurrence in the Arabian Peninsula. In addition, more attention shall be paid to establish a joint collaboration between scholars from Saudi Arabia and Jordan to assess the status of Blanford’s Fox along the sandstone escarpments Hisma plateau.
Each rhodopsin molecule binds its own arrestin

Arrestins (Arrs) are ubiquitous regulators of the most numerous family of signaling proteins, G protein-coupled receptors. Two models of the Arr–receptor interaction have been proposed: the binding of one Arr to an individual receptor or to two receptors in a dimer. To determine the binding stoichiometry in vivo, we used rod photoreceptors where rhodopsin (Rh) and Arr are expressed at comparably high levels and where Arr localization in the light is determined by its binding to activated Rh. Genetic manipulation of the expression of both proteins shows that the maximum amount of Arr that moves to the Rh-containing compartment exceeds 80%, but not 100%, of the molar amount of Rh present. In vitro experiments with purified proteins confirm that Arr “saturates” Rh at a 1:1 ratio. Thus, a single Rh molecule is necessary and sufficient to bind Arr. Remarkable structural conservation among receptors and Arrs strongly suggests that all Arr subtypes bind individual molecules of their cognate receptors.
20-HETE Mediates Ozone-Induced, Neutrophil-Independent Airway Hyper-Responsiveness in Mice

Background Ozone, a pollutant known to induce airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), increases morbidity and mortality in patients with obstructive airway diseases and asthma. We postulate oxidized lipids mediate in vivo ozone-induced AHR in murine airways. Methodology/Principal Findings Male BALB/c mice were exposed to ozone (3 or 6 ppm) or filtered air (controls) for 2 h. Precision cut lung slices (PCLS; 250 µm thickness) containing an intrapulmonary airway (∼0.01 mm2 lumen area) were prepared immediately after exposure or 16 h later. After 24 h, airways were contracted to carbachol (CCh). Log EC50 and Emax values were then calculated by measuring the airway lumen area with respect to baseline. In parallel studies, dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg), or 1-aminobenzotriazol (ABT) (50 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneal injection to naïve mice 18 h prior to ozone exposure. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was administered 2 h prior. Cell counts, cytokine levels and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for lipid analysis were assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from ozone exposed and control mice. Ozone acutely induced AHR to CCh. Dexamethasone or indomethacin had little effect on the ozone-induced AHR; while, ABT, a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, markedly attenuated airway sensitivity. BAL fluid from ozone exposed animals, which did not contain an increase in neutrophils or interleukin (IL)-6 levels, increased airway sensitivity following in vitro incubation with a naïve PCLS. In parallel, significant increases in oxidized lipids were also identified using LC-MS with increases of 20-HETE that were decreased following ABT treatment. Conclusions/Significance These data show that ozone acutely induces AHR to CCh independent of inflammation and is insensitive to steroid treatment or cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition. BAL fluid from ozone exposed mice mimicked the effects of in vivo ozone exposure that were associated with marked increases in oxidized lipids. 20-HETE plays a pivotal role in mediating acute ozone-induced AHR.
An Exact Jumper-Insertion Algorithm for Antenna Violation Avoidance/Fixing Considering Routing Obstacles

We study in this paper the problem of jumper insertion on general routing (Steiner/spanning) trees with obstacles for antenna avoidance/fixing at the routing and/or postlayout stages. We formulate the jumper insertion for antenna avoidance/fixing as a tree-cutting problem and present the first optimal algorithm for the general tree-cutting problem. We show that the tree-cutting problem exhibits the properties of optimal substructures and greedy choices. With these properties, we present an O((V+D)lgD)-time optimal jumper-insertion algorithm that uses the least number of jumpers to avoid/fix the antenna violations on a Steiner/spanning tree with V vertices and D obstacles. Experimental results show the superior effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithm
Compilation of 5S rRNA and 5S rRNA gene sequences

The BERLIN RNA DATABANK as of December 31, 1987, contains a total of 509 sequences of 5S rRNAs or their genes, which is an increase of 45% over the last (1986) compilation (1). It covers sequences from 38 archaebacteria, 184 eubacteria, 14 plastids, 4 mitochondria, 258 eukaryotes and 11 eukaryotic pseudogenes. The BERLIN RNA DATABANK uses the format of the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library complemented by a Sequence Alignment (SA) field including secondary structure information as presented in this publication. The BERLIN RNA DATABANK is available on 360 or 1200 kb diskettes.
Pragmatics, modularity and mindreading

© Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber 2012. Introduction Pragmatic studies of verbal communication start from the assumption (first defended in detail by the philosopher Paul Grice) that an essential feature of most human communication, both verbal and non-verbal, is the expression and recognition of intentions (Grice 1957, 1969, 1982, 1989). On this approach, pragmatic interpretation is ultimately an exercise in metapsychology, in which the hearer infers the speaker’s intended meaning from evidence she has provided for this purpose. An utterance is, of course, a linguistically coded piece of evidence, so that verbal comprehension involves an element of decoding. However, the decoded linguistic meaning is merely the starting point for an inferential process that results in the attribution of a speaker’s meaning. The central problem for pragmatics is that the linguistic meaning recovered by decoding vastly underdetermines the speaker’s meaning. There may be ambiguities and referential ambivalences to resolve, ellipses to interpret, and other indeterminacies of explicit content to deal with. There may be implicatures to identify, illocutionary indeterminacies to resolve, metaphors and ironies to interpret. All this requires an appropriate set of contextual assumptions, which the hearer must also supply. To illustrate, consider the examples in (1) and (2):