Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘Men own television’: why women leave media work

While all media workers face challenges particular to flexible specialization in a networked economy, there are differences in career outcomes for men and women, which occur as a result of gendered work cultures. Within media production these gendered contexts manifest through three main factors, which compromise women workers and can eventually cause them to exit their professions mid-career. Women leave media work because of a combination of the gendered nature of work cultures, the informalisation of the sector and structural restrictions placed on women’s agency to participate in networks. The interplay of these factors ultimately creates an impossible bind for many female media workers forcing them to exit media work.
Validation of the SMAP freeze/thaw product using categorical triple collocation

Landscape freeze/thaw (FT) state is a key variable in Earth's carbon cycle. NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite mission, launched in January 2015, provides global retrievals of FT state every two to three days. Validating SMAP FT observations with in-situ observations is difficult due to the substantial scale mismatch between a point estimate and a satellite footprint, inducing “representativeness errors” in the in-situ observations. Triple collocation (TC) is a validation technique that addresses this problem by combining estimates from in-situ, model and spaceborne estimates to obtain error estimates for all three products, without assuming that any product is error-free. Unfortunately, it fails when applied to binary or categorical variables, such as landscape FT state. In this study, we use a new variant of TC — categorical triple collocation (CTC) — that can be applied to binary variables, to validate the SMAP FT product across northern land regions (>45N).
Socioeconomic Status as Context for Minority Stress and Health Disparities Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals

Despite the robust, graded association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health, SES has largely been ignored in the field of psychology and in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) health research specifically. This inattention to SES is partly attributable to the “myth of gay affluence” (the assumption that LGB people are wealthier than the general population), which evidence is beginning to disprove. Given that there is no integrated framework for understanding the role of SES in LGB health, this review proposes theory-based expectations according to an integration of the minority stress model and the reserve capacity model, synthesizes the existing literature, and identifies future research directions. Three key questions at the intersection of SES and sexual orientation are examined: (a) Do LGB people differ from the general population in SES? , (b) What is unique and health-relevant about the intersection of being LGB and lower-SES? , and (c) How does SES provide context for understanding minority stress processes and health disparities among LGB people? The review has implications for the existing literature on LGB health, the design of future research studies, and targeted interventions.
Effect of Hypertonic Sucrose Upon the Immune Bactericidal Reaction

This study was performed to determine the mechanism whereby hypertonic sucrose inhibits the immune bactericidal reaction. Other investigators had postulated that the initial attack of complement (C) on the cell wall was followed with lysozyme-containing whole serum by an enzymatic reaction upon the peptidoglycan substrate resulting in cell death. In the absence of serum lysozyme, secondary lethal changes might occur from damage to the cell's inner membrane as a result of osmotic forces in the presence of a defective cell wall. Hypertonic sucrose giving rise to plasmolysis and protection of the inner membrane was presumed to differentially inhibit the immune response mediated by lysozyme-free serum. The experimental results observed in this investigation have indicated, however, that the inhibitory effect of sucrose upon the bactericidal reaction may be explained simply by its anticomplementary effect and not by any effect on the bacterial cell. This view was supported by the following observations: (i) the comparability of the inhibitory effect of sucrose upon the immune hemolytic and bactericidal reactions, (ii) the comparable percentage loss in bactericidal activity of whole serum and lysozyme-free serum resulting from hypertonic sucrose, (iii) bactericidal antibody titrations were relatively unaffected and C titrations markedly inhibited by sucrose, (iv) the inhibitory effect of sucrose on the bactericidal reaction was unaffected by prior growth of the organism in the presence of sucrose, (v) the kinetics of the bactericidal reactivity of lysozyme-free serum in hypertonic sucrose, compared with whole serum, did not reveal a prolonged lag phase with lysozyme-free serum, but simply diminished reactivity at all times. These observations are compatible with the view that the C attack upon the outer surface of gram-negative bacteria, which plays a part in the cell's permeability control, may account for cell death. In this regard, the immune bactericidal reaction is quite comparable to the lysis of red cells or nucleated cells by C despite the lack of overt lysis in bacteria, probably because of their underlying supporting structures.
Adaptive Personalized Travel Information Systems: A Bayesian Method to Learn Users' Personal Preferences in Multimodal Transport Networks

Providing personalized advice is an important objective in the development of advanced traveler information systems. In this paper, a Bayesian method to incorporate learning of users' personal travel preferences in a multimodal routing system is proposed. The system learns preference parameters incrementally based on travel choices a user makes. Existing Bayesian inference methods require too much computation time for the learning problem that we are dealing with here. Therefore, an approximation method is developed, which is based on sequential processing of preference parameters and systematic sampling of the parameter space. The data of repetitive travel choices of a representative sample of individuals are used to test the system. The results indicate that the system rapidly adapts to a user and learns his or her preferences effectively. The efficiency of the algorithm allows the system to handle realistically sized learning problems with short response times even when many users are to be simultaneously processed. It is therefore concluded that the approach is feasible; problems for future research are identified.
Design of an efficient memory subsystem for network processor

The rapid growth of backbone network traffic increases the gaps among the available network bandwidth, the CPU computation power and the memory bandwidth. The memory bandwidth has become the main performance bottleneck of network processor. In this paper, an efficient memory subsystem design is proposed which combines dynamic memory allocation and a novel page-based memory access algorithm. The dynamic memory allocation achieves fast random packet access and flexible queue management. Utilizing the paged-based memory access algorithm, an efficient design of memory controller is proposed and high throughput can be implemented in the network processor.
Substantive Rationality and Backward Induction

Aumann has proved that common knowledge of substantive rationality implies the backwards induction solution in games of perfect information. Stalnaker has proved that it does not. Roughly speaking, a player is substantively rational if, for all vertices in v, if the player were to reach vertex v, then the player would be rational at vertex v. It is shown here that the key difference between Aumann and Stalnaker lies in how they interpret this counterfactual. A formal model is presented that lets us capture this difference, in which both Aumann's result and Stalnaker's result are true (under appropriate assumptions).
Implications of the topological properties of Internet traffic on traffic engineering

In this paper we study the behavior of Internet traffic on the AS-level topology and discuss its implications on interdomain traffic engineering. We rely on two notable interdomain traffic traces, the first is one month long and the other is one day long. This study shows that interdomain paths are stable for a large majority of the traffic from a routing viewpoint. We show that the aggregation of the traffic occurring on the AS-level graph is essentially limited to direct peers, with almost no aggregation occurring at larger AS hop distances. Furthermore, only part of the AS paths of the AS-level topology that see a lot of traffic are stable, when considering their presence among the largest AS paths on a hourly basis. Relying on the largest AS paths in traffic over a time window to capture the traffic over the next time interval discloses the important variability of the traffic seen by the largest AS paths in traffic. Interdomain traffic engineering is hence due to be difficult because of the limited traffic aggregation on the AS-level topology and the important topological variability of the traffic for a significant percentage of the total traffic.
A Multi-Dimensional and Hierarchical Model of Service Quality in the Gaming Industry

Abstract The burgeoning development of integrated casinos and the rapid growth of the gaming industry in Macau have attracted much interest in understanding the success of this market. The purpose of this study is to examine service quality in the gaming industry by developing a conceptual framework and measurement scale. Based on an extensive literature review, and qualitative and empirical research, a multi-dimensional and hierarchical model of service quality for the gaming industry is proposed. The analysis of data collected from a total of 510 customers revealed that the proposed model fitted the data well. The validity and reliability of the measurement scale were established using a pretest and the substantive survey. This study extends the literature on service quality in the field of casino management by providing a psychometrically sound conceptual framework and measurement scale. Implications, limitations and directions for future studies are discussed.
The sharing economy: Why people participate in collaborative consumption

Information and communications technologies (ICTs) have enabled the rise of so‐called “Collaborative Consumption” (CC): the peer‐to‐peer‐based activity of obtaining, giving, or sharing the access to goods and services, coordinated through community‐based online services. CC has been expected to alleviate societal problems such as hyper‐consumption, pollution, and poverty by lowering the cost of economic coordination within communities. However, beyond anecdotal evidence, there is a dearth of understanding why people participate in CC. Therefore, in this article we investigate people's motivations to participate in CC. The study employs survey data (N = 168) gathered from people registered onto a CC site. The results show that participation in CC is motivated by many factors such as its sustainability, enjoyment of the activity as well as economic gains. An interesting detail in the result is that sustainability is not directly associated with participation unless it is at the same time also associated with positive attitudes towards CC. This suggests that sustainability might only be an important factor for those people for whom ecological consumption is important. Furthermore, the results suggest that in CC an attitude‐behavior gap might exist; people perceive the activity positively and say good things about it, but this good attitude does not necessary translate into action.
How Should Benefits and Costs Be Discounted in an Intergenerational Context? The Views of an Expert Panel

In September 2011, the US Environmental Protection Agency asked 12 economists how the benefits and costs of regulations should be discounted for projects that affect future generations. This paper summarizes the views of the panel on three topics: the use of the Ramsey formula as an organizing principle for determining discount rates over long horizons, whether the discount rate should decline over time, and how intra- and intergenerational discounting practices can be made compatible. The panel members agree that the Ramsey formula provides a useful framework for thinking about intergenerational discounting. We also agree that theory provides compelling arguments for a declining certainty-equivalent discount rate. In the Ramsey formula, uncertainty about the future rate of growth in per capita consumption can lead to a declining consumption rate of discount, assuming that shocks to consumption are positively correlated. This uncertainty in future consumption growth rates may be estimated econometrically based on historic observations, or it can be derived from subjective uncertainty about the mean rate of growth in mean consumption or its volatility. Determining the remaining parameters of the Ramsey formula is, however, challenging.
Time Pressure and Challenge Appraisal as Predictors of Job Satisfaction

The study has been conducted to investigate the impact of time pressure and challenge appraisal on job satisfaction experienced by Pakistani university teachers in the twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. It is the first study which has investigated the relationships between time pressure, challenge appraisal, and job satisfaction in the backdrop of a poly-chronic society and compared the findings with those of a study carried out in a mono-chronic society. Data were collected through a survey by administering questionnaires to the respondents. The findings reveal that Pakistani respondents experience a lesser level of time pressure when compared with the German respondents. Also, there has been lesser variability in time pressure of Pakistani respondents in comparison with the German respondents. The study also finds that, like their German counterparts, Pakistani university teachers consider time pressure as a challenge-related stress. The correlation between time pressure and challenge shows a lower degree of relationship in case of Pakistani respondents compared with a moderate degree for German respondents.
Migrants’ perception of the police: Should it be a cause for concern in Finland?

Existing criminological research studies have premised that race/ethnicity is one of the most salient factors producing dissatisfaction with the police. As immigrants are bound to bring with them into new countries their past experiences, values and norms as well as opinions about the police. Newcomers’ past experiences with the police in their country of origin may form the basis of their misconceptions and could pose a challenge to policing ethnic minorities at the street level in their country of settlement. This paper discusses African migrants’ perceptions and the factors that influence these perceptions and attitudes towards the police in Finland. Some of the participants’ judgements have been influenced by their past experiences with the police both in Finland and in their countries of origin in Africa. The paper argues that if the police are to have the confidence of immigrants they need to proactively and meaningfully engage with immigrant groups in society. Data for this analysis are based on observations and interviews with 35 African immigrants in the Finnish city of Turku.
Photoneutron production of a Siemens Primus linear accelerator studied by Monte Carlo methods and a paired magnesium and boron coated magnesium ionization chamber system

When radiotherapy with photon energies greater than 10 MV is performed neutrons contaminate the photon beam. In this paper the neutron contamination of the 15 MV photon mode of the Siemens Primus accelerator was studied. The Monte Carlo code MCNPX was used for the description of the treatment head and treatment room. The Monte Carlo results were verified by studying the photon depth dose curve and beam profiles in a water phantom. After these verifications the locations of neutron production were studied and the neutron source spectrum and strength were calculated. The neutron response of the paired Mg/Ar and MgB/Ar ionization chamber system was calculated and experimentally verified for two experimental set-ups. The paired chamber system allowed us to measure neutrons inside the field borders and allowed rapid and point wise measurement in contrast to other methods of neutron detection.
Evidence for distinct pathomechanisms in genetic subgroups of chronic lymphocytic leukemia revealed by quantitative expression analysis of cell cycle, activation, and apoptosis-associated genes.

PURPOSE In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the VH mutation status and genomic aberrations (13q-, +12q, 11q-, 17p-) identify distinct prognostic subgroups. The aim was to elucidate biologic mechanisms through which these genetic markers may exert their pathogenic influence. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, B-cell activation, and B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling were analyzed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) in 82 CLL cases constituting prototypic genetic CLL subgroups as defined by the VH mutation status and the genomic aberrations 13q-, +12, 11q-, and 17p-. RESULTS The VH mutation subgroups were characterized by a differential expression of the BCR associated genes ZAP70 and PI3K. Among the subgroups defined by genomic aberrations, there was a deregulation of candidate genes from the affected critical genomic regions such as CDK4 (up), ATM (down), and TP53 (down) in the groups +12, 11q-, and 17p-, respectively. Additionally, the genomic subgroups were characterized by a significant deregulation of cell cycle and apoptosis regulators: AKT (up) in 13q, E2F1 (up) in +12, MYC (up) and BCL-2 (down) in 17p-, and CCND3 (down) in 11q- as well as 17p-. The 17p- subgroup showed an additional down-regulation of BCR-associated genes such as SYK and PI3K. CONCLUSION The characteristic gene expression patterns observed implicate a differential regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, and BCR signaling in the genetic subgroups illustrating distinct pathomechanisms and are evidence for a gene dosage effect being operative in CLL. These findings link the biologic diversity and clinical heterogeneity of CLL.
Designing Self-Organization for Evolvable Assembly Systems

Current solutions for industrial manufacturing assembly systems do not suit the needs of mass customization industry, which is facing low production volumes, many variants and rapidly changing conditions. This paper proposes the concept of self-organizing evolvable assembly systems, where assembly system modules and product parts to be assembled self-organize and self-adapt (among others, choose their coalition partners, their location and monitor themselves) in order to easily and quickly produce a new or reconfigured assembly system each time a new product order arrives or each time a failure or weakness arises in the current assembly system. This paper presents the design and partial implementation of such a system following an architecture for self-organizing and self-adaptive systems based on policies enforced at run-time on the basis of collected and updated metadata. As a case study, the assembly of a adhesive tape roller dispenser is considered.
Matrix quadratic equations column/row reduced factorizations and an inertia theorem for matrix polynomials

It is shown that a certain Bezout operator provides a bijective correspondence between the solutions of the matrix quadratic equation and factorizatons of a certain matrix polynomial G(λ) (which is a specification of a Popov-type function) into a product of row and column reduced polynomials. Special attention is paid to the symmetric case, i.e. to the Algebraic Riccati Equation. In particular, it is shown that extremal solutions of such equations correspond to spectral factorizations of G(λ). The proof of these results depends heavily on a new inertia theorem for matrix polynomials which is also one of the main results in this paper.
The Literature of Economics: The Case of Berle and Means

THERE are not many books fifty years old whose central argument is identified for modern economists simply by naming the work, but Berle and Means's The Modern Corporation and Private Property is surely one. Every schoolboy, as Macaulay would say, knows that they discovered or asserted or proved or were otherwise joined to the proposition that ownership and control have been separated in the large corporation. Moreover this separation had large, but not easily recalled, effects on the conduct of corporate enterprise. This essay will examine the reception of this book, particularly by the economics profession, in its first decade. Our interest will be not so much in the novelty or validity of the book's message as in how it was understood and received. The process by which a proposition of great potential scientific and political significance gets established in a discipline is fascinatingly mysterious. Our investigation will support the view that doctrines and theories congenial to an intellectual milieu are accepted quickly and widely, although not necessarily as uncritically as the work of Berle and Means was accepted.
Connected authentic learning: Reflection and intentional learning

Authentic learning pedagogy not only allows students to engage in realistic tasks using real-world resources and tools, but it also provides opportunities for students to learn with intention by thinking and acting like professionals as they address real problems. This paper describes a research conducted in a first year university course, where social media were used to support authentic and intentional learning. Principles of authentic learning guided the design of the course, and learning tasks and activities focused on the completion of realistic and complex tasks. Students’ mental effort was expended largely on the creation of polished and accomplished products, rather than on the completion of a series of decontextualised or step-by-step exercises. Importantly, opportunities for reflection were provided through the completion of a complex and collaborative task, a journal and a reflective examination. A qualitative study of two cohorts of students was conducted, as part of a larger design-based research agenda, over a period of two years. Findings showed that providing such course elements to facilitate reflection allowed students to reflect both in action as they participated in the course tasks and on action as they wrote about their learning experiences.