Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Variations in Judgments of Infidelity: An Application of Attribution Theory

ABSTRACT The current program of research examined how the four dimensions of the attribution (locus of causality, controllability, stability, intentionality) influenced judgments of a partner’s hypothetical infidelity and actor-observer discrepancies associated with judgments of real-life infidelity. The results from Study 1 (N = 396) revealed that the dimensions of the attribution affected the extent to which adults’ judged a partner’s hypothetical behavior as indicative of infidelity differently depending on the type of behavior. When reporting on real-life behavior (Study 2, N = 802), adults attributed the cause of their partner’s infidelity as being a result of internal, controllable, stable, and intentional causes to a greater extent than when judging their own infidelity.
APPLICATION OF PLATANUS ORIENTALIS LEAVES IN REMOVAL OF CADMIUM FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Removal of cadmium from aqueous solution was studied; using platanus orientalis leaves (POL) and their ash in 2006 in Iran. Bach adsorption experiments were performed as a function of solute concentration, contact time, pH and ironic strength for the experiment. The effect of Ca , Mg , Na and K on adsorption was 2+ 2+ + cadmium sorption followed both the Longmuir and Freundlich's equation isotherms. The study showed POL ash was more favorable than living ones as well as in removing cadmium from the aqueous solution. The adsorbent capacity was also studied. The adsorbent capacity and the adsorbent intensity values showed that Platanus orientalis leaves, a non-conventional adsorbent is efficient in removing Cd from aqueous solution. The adsorption data fitted well into Freundlich isotherm.
Purification of Synaptic Ribbons, Structural Components of the Photoreceptor Active Zone Complex

Synaptic ribbons are plasma membrane-associated structural elements in photoreceptor synaptic terminals. They seem to act as high capacity “docking sites” of synaptic vesicles that provide the fusion sites of the photoreceptor synapse (“active zones”), with a large supply of immobilized synaptic vesicles rapidly available for exocytosis. Synaptic ribbons are regarded as a specialized type of presynaptic densities found in virtually all synapses. The molecular composition of presynaptic densities and synaptic ribbons is unknown. The aim of this study was the isolation of synaptic ribbons from photoreceptor synapses. For this purpose, we first isolated a membrane fraction from the bovine retina that was strongly enriched in photoreceptor synapses. From this fraction, a Triton X-100-resistant subfraction was purified that consisted mainly of synaptic ribbons and their disassembly products. The high enrichment of synaptic ribbons was verified by electron microscopy and immunolabeling using an antibody that specifically binds to synaptic ribbons. SDS-PAGE analysis of this synaptic ribbon fraction displayed several major polypeptide bands migrating at ∼240, 60, 55, 43, and 30 kDa. The purification procedure described here is a first promising step toward the identification of the yet unknown constituents of synaptic ribbons from photoreceptor synapses and possibly also of presynaptic densities from other synapses.
Disruption of either the Nfkb 1 or the Bcl 3 gene inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy

The intracellular signals that mediate skeletal muscle protein loss and functional deficits due to muscular disuse are just beginning to be elucidated. Previously we showed that the activity of an NF-kB–dependent reporter gene was markedly increased in unloaded muscles, and p50 and Bcl-3 proteins were implicated in this induction. In the present study, mice with a knockout of the p105/p50 (Nfkb1) gene are shown to be resistant to the decrease in soleus fiber cross-sectional area that results from 10 days of hindlimb unloading. Furthermore, the marked unloading-induced activation of the NF-kB reporter gene in soleus muscles from WT mice was completely abolished in soleus muscles from Nfkb1 knockout mice. Knockout of the B cell lymphoma 3 (Bcl3) gene also showed an inhibition of fiber atrophy and an abolition of NF-kB reporter activity. With unloading, fast fibers from WT mice atrophied to a greater extent than slow fibers. Resistance to atrophy in both strains of knockout mice was demonstrated clearly in fast fibers, while slow fibers from only the Bcl3–/– mice showed atrophy inhibition. The slow-to-fast shift in myosin isoform expression due to unloading was also abolished in both Nfkb1 and Bcl3 knockout mice. Like the soleus muscles, plantaris muscles from Nfkb1–/– and Bcl3–/– mice also showed inhibition of atrophy with unloading. Thus both the Nfkb1 and the Bcl3 genes are [. ] Article Muscle biology
A trypanosome-soluble factor induces IP3 formation, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and microfilament rearrangement in host cells

Lysosomes are recruited to the invasion site during host cell entry by Trypanosoma cruzi, an unusual process suggestive of the triggering of signal transduction mechanisms. Previous studies showed that trypomastigotes, but not the noninfective epimastigotes, contain a proteolytically generated trypomastigote factor (PGTF) that induces intracellular free Ca2+ transients in several mammalian cell types. Using confocal time-lapse imaging of normal rat kidney (NRK) fibroblasts loaded with the Ca(2+)-sensitive dye fluo-3, we show that the initial intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca2+]i) transient detected a few seconds after exposure to trypomastigote extracts is a result of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Removal of Ca2+ from the extracellular medium or inhibition of Ca2+ channels with NiCl2 did not affect the response to PGTF, while depletion of intracellular stores with thapsigargin abolished it. [Ca2+]i transients induced by PGTF were shown to be coupled to the activity of phospholipase C (PLC), since the specific inhibitor U73122 completely blocked the response, while its inactive analogue U73343 had no effect. In addition, polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) were detected upon cell stimulation with PGTF, suggesting the participation of IP3-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ channels. An immediate effect of the signaling induced by PGTF and live trypomastigotes was a rapid and transient reorganization of host cell microfilaments. The redistribution of F-actin appeared to be a direct consequence of increased [Ca2+]i, since thrombin and the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin produced a similar effect, with a time course that corresponded to the kinetics of the elevation in [Ca2+]i. These observations support the hypothesis that PGTF-induced disassembly of the cortical actin cytoskeleton may play a role in T. cruzi invasion, by facilitating lysosome access to the invasion site. Taken together, our findings suggest that the proteolytically generated trypomastigote factor PGTF is a novel agonist that acts through the PLC/phosphoinositide signaling pathway of mammalian cells.
Electrophysiological Evidence for Different Types of Change Detection and Change Blindness

Numerous studies have demonstrated that observers often fail to notice large changes in visual scenes, a phenomenon known as change blindness. Some experiments have suggested that phenomenological experience in change blindness experiments is more diverse than the common distinction between change detection and change blindness allows to resolve. Recently, it has been debated whether changes in visual scenes can be detected (“sensed”) without a corresponding perception of the changing object (“seeing”) and whether these phenomena build on fundamentally different perceptual processes. The present study investigated whether phenomenologically different perceptual processes such as sensing and seeing rely on different or similar neural processes. We studied ERP effects of visual change processing (as compared to change blindness) when observers merely detected the presence of a change (“sensing”) and when they identified the changing object in addition to detection (“seeing”). Although the visual awareness negativity (VAN)/selection negativity was similar for detection with and without identification, a change-related positivity and the N2pc contralateral to changes were found exclusively when the change was fully identified. This finding indicates that change identification requires perceptual and neural processes that are not involved in mere detection. In a second experiment, we demonstrated that the VAN and N2pc effects are similar to effects of selective attention in a visual search task. By contrast, the change-related positivity was specific for conscious processing of visual changes. The results suggest that changes can be detected (“sensed”) without perception of the changing object. Furthermore, sensing and seeing seem to rely on different neural processes and seem to constitute different types of visual perception. These findings bear implications for how different categories of visual awareness are related to different stages in visual processing.
Processing spatial skyline queries in both vector spaces and spatial network databases

In this article, we first introduce the concept of Spatial Skyline Queries (SSQ). Given a set of data points <i>P</i> and a set of query points <i>Q</i>, each data point has a number of <i>derived spatial</i> attributes each of which is the point's distance to a query point. An SSQ retrieves those points of <i>P</i> which are not dominated by any other point in <i>P</i> considering their derived spatial attributes. The main difference with the regular skyline query is that this <i>spatial domination</i> depends on the location of the query points <i>Q</i>. SSQ has application in several domains such as emergency response and online maps. The main intuition and novelty behind our approaches is that we exploit the geometric properties of the SSQ problem space to avoid the exhaustive examination of all the point pairs in <i>P</i> and <i>Q</i>. Consequently, we reduce the complexity of SSQ search from <i>O</i>(|<i>P</i>|<sup>2</sup>|<i>Q</i>|) to <i>O</i>(|<i>S</i>|<sup>2</sup>|<i>C</i>| + &sqrt;|<i>P</i>|), where |<i>S</i>| and |<i>C</i>| are the solution size and the number of vertices of the convex hull of <i>Q</i>, respectively. Considering Euclidean distance, we propose two algorithms, B<sup>2</sup>S<sup>2</sup> and VS<sup>2</sup>, for static query points and one algorithm, VCS<sup>2</sup>, for streaming <i>Q</i> whose points change location over time (e.g., are mobile). VCS<sup>2</sup> exploits the pattern of change in <i>Q</i> to avoid unnecessary recomputation of the skyline and hence efficiently perform updates. We also propose two algorithms, SNS<sup>2</sup> and VSNS<sup>2</sup>, that compute the spatial skyline with respect to the network distance in a spatial network database. Our extensive experiments using real-world datasets verify that both R-tree-based B<sup>2</sup>S<sup>2</sup> and Voronoi-based VS<sup>2</sup> outperform the best competitor approach in terms of both processing time and I/O cost. Furthermore, their output computed based on Euclidean distance is a good approximation of the spatial skyline in network space. For accurate computation of spatial skylines in network space, our experiments showed the superiority of VSNS<sup>2</sup> over SNS<sup>2</sup>.
Prospective Follow-up Oral Food Challenge in Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome

METHODS. Infants with a diagnosis of FPIES were diagnosed by positive oral food challenges for milk or soy formula at 36 days of age (SD: 14 days; range: 13–58 days). These infants were prospectively followed until 2 years of age. They underwent 2 follow-up oral challenges. The first follow-up oral challenges were performed at 6 months of age, and patients were randomly allocated to either milk (N 11) or soy (N 12). Second and third follow-up oral challenges were performed at 2-month intervals, in a crossed and switched-over manner. The challenge consisted of a single open oral feeding of 0.03 to 0.05 mg of cow’s milk protein or soy protein per kg of body weight.
Why Wage Earners Hunt: Food Sharing, Social Structure, and Influence in an Arctic Mixed Economy

Food sharing has been a central focus of research in human behavioral ecology and anthropology more broadly. Studies of food sharing have typically focused on either the individual’s motivations to share or the social formations and value systems that sharing produces. Here, we employ social network analysis to do both, investigating how strategic economic decisions, such as decisions about sharing, are embedded in and feed back onto social structure. This research is based on a questionnaire conducted with 110 Inuit households during 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Kangiqsujuaq, Nunavik, Canada. In Kangiqsujuaq, traditional Inuit resource harvesting and sharing practices coexist with and depend on opportunities and constraints in the cash economy. Food sharing in Kangiqsujuaq emerges as a complex social, political, and economic phenomenon that accomplishes different objectives for actors based on their social position. The network approach adopted in this research highlights the conjugate role of individual decisions and structural constraints in broader processes of social and cultural change. In the mixed economy of Kangiqsujuaq, food sharing, social structure, and political influence are intimately connected. The results suggest that economic and political inequality in the settlement are reinforced by the social structures produced through sharing.
University of Southern Denmark Muscle function is associated with future patient-reported outcomes in young adults with ACL injury

• You may download this work for personal use only. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying this open access version If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details and we will investigate your claim. Please direct all enquiries to puresupport@bib.sdu. dk
Effect of Land Use and Cover Change on Air Quality in Urban Sprawl

Due to the frequent urban air pollution episodes worldwide recently, decision-makers and government agencies are struggling for sustainable strategies to optimize urban land use/cover change (LUCC) and improve the air quality. This study, thus, aims to identify the underlying relationships between PM10 concentration variations and LUCC based on the simulated PM10 surfaces in 2006 and 2013 in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan agglomeration (CZT), using a regression modeling approach. LUCC variables and associated landscape indexes are developed and correlated with PM10 concentration variations at grid level. Results reveal that the overall mean PM10 concentrations in the CZT declined from 106.74 μg/m3 to 94.37 μg/m3 between 2006 and 2013. Generally, variations of PM10 concentrations are positively correlated with the increasing built-up area, and negatively correlated with the increase in forests. In newly-developed built-up areas, PM10 concentrations declined with the increment of the landscape shape index and the Shannon diversity index and increased with the growing Aggregation index and Contagion index. In other areas, however, the reverse happens. These results suggest that LUCC caused by urban sprawl might be an important factor for the PM10 concentration variation in the CZT. The influence of the landscape pattern on PM10 concentration may vary in different stages of urban development.
The meaning of risk-taking – key concepts and dimensions

Abstract Dealing with and taking risks are central issues of current societies which had been characterised by heightened debates and conflicts about risk (Beck, Giddens). Even though there is good knowledge available, policies and strategies to reduce people’s risk-taking are often less successful than expected. Experts are puzzled about common people not following good advice presuming people’s lack of understanding. While this might be true in many cases a growing body of research shows, rather than being merely ignorant or misinformed, people often have good knowledge when taking risks. A growing body of research provides knowledge about the complexities, dynamics and contradictions of people’s risk-taking. However, there have been little attempts to systematise this body of knowledge. This article contributes to such an enterprise. It suggests distinguishing between different motives for risk-taking, different levels of control and a number of ways how reflexivity about risk is rooted in the social realm. It also explores how risk-taking is part of developing and protecting a valued identity. The article concludes, across different domains there is good evidence for how structural and cultural forces combine and shape risk-taking while people take risks to develop a valued identity and to protect it. Advancing expert’s understanding of risk-taking and change people’s risk-taking require considering and approaching the larger social contexts and individual risk practices in everyday life.
Sparse Tiling for Stationary Iterative Methods

In modern computers, a program’s data locality can affect performance significantly. This paper details full sparse tiling, a run-time reordering transformation that improves the data locality for stationary iterative methods such as Gauss–Seidel operating on sparse matrices. In scientific applications such as finite element analysis, these iterative methods dominate the execution time. Full sparse tiling chooses a permutation of the rows and columns of the sparse matrix, and then an order of execution that achieves better data locality. We prove that full sparsetiled Gauss–Seidel generates a solution that is bitwise identical to traditional Gauss–Seidel on the permuted matrix. We also present measurements of the performance improvements and the overheads of full sparse tiling and of cache blocking for irregular grids, a related technique developed by Douglas et al.
Relative Entropy, Interaction Energy and the Nature of Dissipation

Many thermodynamic relations involve inequalities, with equality if a process does not involve dissipation. In this article we provide equalities in which the dissipative contribution is shown to involve the relative entropy (a.k.a. Kullback-Leibler divergence). The processes considered are general time evolutions both in classical and quantum mechanics, and the initial state is sometimes thermal, sometimes partially so. By calculating a transport coefficient we show that indeed—at least in this case—the source of dissipation in that coefficient is the relative entropy.
Music as an emotion regulation strategy: An examination of genres of music and their roles in emotion regulation

Research suggests that people frequently use music to regulate their emotions. However, little is known about what kinds of music may regulate affective states. To investigate this, we examined how the music preferences of 794 university students were associated with their use of music to regulate emotions. We found that preferences for pop, rap/hip-hop, soul/funk, and electronica/dance music were positively associated with using music to increase emotional arousal. Soul/funk music preferences were also positively associated with using music for up-regulating positive emotionality and down-regulating negative emotionality. More broadly, energetic and rhythmic music was positively associated with using all examined forms of musical emotion regulation, suggesting this dimension of music is especially useful in modulating emotions. These results highlight the potential use of music as a tool for emotion regulation. Future research can extend our findings by examining the efficacy of different types of music at modulating emotional states.
Do Prices Reveal the Presence of Informed Trading?

Using a comprehensive sample of trades by Schedule 13D filers, who possess valuable private information when they accumulate stocks of targeted companies, this paper studies whether several liquidity measures reveal the presence of informed trading. The evidence suggests that when Schedule 13D filers trade aggressively, both high-frequency and low-frequency measures of stock liquidity indicate a higher stock liquidity. Importantly, measures that have been used as direct proxies for adverse selection, such the Kyle (1985) lambda, the Easley et al. (1996) pin measure, and the Amihud (2002) illiquidity measure, suggest that the adverse selection is lower when informed trading takes place. The evidence is consistent with informed traders being more aggressive when measured stock liquidity is high.
Economics, Psychology and the History of Consumer Choice Theory

This paper examines elements of the complex place/role/influence of psychology in the history of consumer choice theory. The paper reviews, and then challenges, the standard narrative that psychology was 'in' consumer choice theory early in the neoclassical revolution, then strictly 'out' during the ordinal and revealed preference revolutions, now (possibly) back in with recent developments in experimental, behavioural and neuroeconomics. The paper uses the work of three particular economic theorists to challenge this standard narrative and then provides an alternative interpretation of the history of the relationship between psychology and consumer choice theory. Copyright The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society. All rights reserved. , Oxford University Press.
Nonlinear system identification using heterogeneous multiple models

Multiple models are recognised by their abilities to accurately describe nonlinear dynamic behaviours of a wide variety of nonlinear systems with a tractable model in control engineering problems. Multiple models are built by the interpolation of a set of submodels according to a particular aggregation mechanism, with the heterogeneous multiple model being of particular interest. This multiple model is characterized by the use of heterogeneous submodels in the sense that their state spaces are not the same and consequently they can be of various dimensions. Thanks to this feature, the complexity of the submodels can be well adapted to that of the nonlinear system introducing flexibility and generality in the modelling stage. This paper deals with off-line identification of nonlinear systems based on heterogeneous multiple models. Three optimisation criteria (global, local and combined) are investigated to obtain the submodel parameters according to the expected modelling performances. Particular attention is paid to the potential problems encountered in the identification procedure with a special focus on an undesirable phenomenon called the no output tracking effect. The origin of this difficulty is explained and an effective solution is suggested to overcome this problem in the identification task. The abilities of the model are finally illustrated via relevant identification examples showing the effectiveness of the proposed methods.