Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiobjective Optimization of Concrete Frames by Simulated Annealing

Abstract: This article aims to describe a methodology to design RC building frames based on a multiobjective simulated annealing (MOSA) algorithm applied to four objective functions, namely, the economic cost, the constructability, the environmental impact, and the overall safety of RC framed structures. The evaluation of solutions follows the Spanish Code for structural concrete. The methodology was applied to a symmetrical building frame with two bays and four floors. This example has 77 design variables. Pareto results of the MOSA algorithm indicate that more practical, more constructable, more sustainable, and safer solutions than the lowest cost solution are available at a cost increment acceptable in practice. Results Ns‐SMOSA1 and Ns‐SMOSA2 of the cost versus constructability Pareto front are finally recommended because they are especially good in terms of cost, constructability, and environmental impact. Further, the methodology proposed will help structural engineers to enhance their designs of building frames.
Mirror Adaptation in Sensory-Motor Simultaneity

Background When one watches a sports game, one may feel her/his own muscles moving in synchrony with the player's. Such parallels between observed actions of others and one's own has been well supported in the latest progress in neuroscience, and coined “mirror system. ” It is likely that due to such phenomena, we are able to learn motor skills just by observing an expert's performance. Yet it is unknown whether such indirect learning occurs only at higher cognitive levels, or also at basic sensorimotor levels where sensorimotor delay is compensated and the timing of sensory feedback is constantly calibrated. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we show that the subject's passive observation of an actor manipulating a computer mouse with delayed auditory feedback led to shifts in subjective simultaneity of self mouse manipulation and auditory stimulus in the observing subjects. Likewise, self adaptation to the delayed feedback modulated the simultaneity judgment of the other subjects manipulating a mouse and an auditory stimulus. Meanwhile, subjective simultaneity of a simple visual disc and the auditory stimulus (flash test) was not affected by observation of an actor nor self-adaptation. Conclusions/Significance The lack of shift in the flash test for both conditions indicates that the recalibration transfer is specific to the action domain, and is not due to a general sensory adaptation. This points to the involvement of a system for the temporal monitoring of actions, one that processes both one's own actions and those of others.
Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychological Skills Training on the Motivation, Preparation, and Putting Performance of Novice Golfers

This study examined the effects of a 14-week cognitive-behavioral teaching program on the motivation, preparation, and putting performance of novice golfers. A cognitive-behavioral program was adapted from Boutcher and Rotella (1987) and was compared with a physical skills training group and a control group. The Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier, Fortier, Vallerand, Tuson, Briere, & Blais, 1995) was used to measure intrinsic versus introjected forms of selfregulation. Preputt routines and actual putting performance were measured by observer ratings. Participants completed all dependent measures prior to training and at 3 additional times spaced over 4-week intervals. The results showed that participants in the cognitive-behavioral program displayed enhanced intrinsic motivation, more consistent use of preputt routines, and improved putting performance relative to participants in the other 2 groups. Cognitive-behavioral participants also showed a significantly reduced use of introjection, which reflects a .
The Dynamics of Collective Violence: Dissecting Food Riots in Contemporary Argentina

This article combines a statistical analysis with qualitative research to investigate the dynamics of collective violence in one of its most recurrent forms – the food riot. Using an original dataset collected by the authors on 289 food riot episodes occurring in Argentina in December 2001, the article argues for the need to dissect the local, contextualized inner-dynamics of the episodes. We find significant interrelationships between three important factors: the presence or absence of police, the presence or absence of political party brokers, and the type of market looted (big/chain or small/local). We then conduct a qualitative and ethnographic analysis to illustrate how these interactions might play out in two ideal type looting scenes – one illustrating the role of public authorities at big, chain supermarkets, the other showing the importance of party brokers at small, local food markets. We conclude by calling for more such research to better understand the mechanisms and processes, especially the relationship between state power and party politics, involved with all forms of collective violence.
An investigation of morphological awareness in Japanese learners of English

Developing morphological awareness (MA) is an essential component of vocabulary growth, given that it can contribute to enhanced depth of vocabulary knowledge and provides a pathway to deeper associations with more members of a word family. Despite the considerable body of vocabulary research, specific relationships between different aspects of MA are not yet well understood. This is particularly the case for learners of a second language, such as Japanese ESL (English as a second language) learners (JESLLs). This paper reports on a study which focused on aspects of MA, using a word segmentation task and an affix elicitation task. The JESLLs were more adept at morphological segmentation than a comparison group of native speakers of English (NSs), a finding which highlights the influence of instruction in developing MA. Performance on the morphological tasks was analysed using Bauer and Nation's list of different levels of English affixes, to examine potential effects of morphological variables (frequency of affixes, productivity and semantic transparency). Semantic transparency was influential in the participants' performance on the word segmentation task. These variables, however, did not account for performance on the affix elicitation task. When vocabulary size (VS) was taken into account, productive MA was positively related to both receptive and productive VS for the JESLLs. Among the NSs, it was, in contrast, receptive MA that correlated with both types of VS. These findings are discussed in terms of the nature of depth of L2 vocabulary knowledge (relative to that of L1), in relation to MA.
High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Messenger RNA Testing in Physician- and Self-Collected Specimens for Cervical Lesion Detection in High-Risk Women, Kenya

Background Little is known about the performance of physician-versus self-collected specimens for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) messenger RNA (mRNA) testing or risk factors for hrHPV mRNA positivity in physician- versus self-collected specimens. We compared the performance of hrHPV mRNA testing of physician- and self-collected specimens for detecting cytological high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or more severe (≥HSIL) and examined risk factors for hrHPV mRNA positivity in female sex workers in Nairobi. Methods From 2009 to 2011, 344 female sex workers participated in this cross-sectional study. Women self-collected a cervicovaginal specimen. A physician conducted a pelvic examination to obtain a cervical specimen. Physician- and self-collected specimens were tested for hrHPV mRNA and sexually transmitted infections using APTIMA nucleic acid amplification assays (Hologic/Gen-Probe Incorporated, San Diego, CA). Cervical cytology was conducted using physician-collected specimens and classified according to the Bethesda criteria. Results Overall hrHPV mRNA prevalence was similar in physician- and self-collected specimens (30% vs. 29%). Prevalence of ≥HSIL was 4% (n = 15). Overall sensitivity of hrHPV testing for detecting ≥HSIL was similar in physician-collected (86%; 95% CI, 62%–98%; 13 cases detected) and self-collected specimens (79%; 95% CI, 55%–95%; 12 cases detected). Overall specificity of hrHPV mRNA for ≥HSIL was similar in both physician-collected (73%; 95% CI, 68%–79%) and self-collected (75%; 95% CI, 70%–79%) specimens. High-risk HPV mRNA positivity in both physician- and self-collected specimens seemed higher in women who were younger (<30 years), had Trichomonas vaginalis or Mycoplasma genitalium infections, or had more than 8 years of educational attainment. Conclusions Self-collected specimens for hrHPV mRNA testing seemed to have similar sensitivity and specificity as physician-collected specimens for the detection of ≥HSIL among high-risk women.
Does Combat Exposure Make You a More Violent or Criminal Person?: Evidence from the Vietnam Draft

This study exploits the differential effects of the Vietnam War across birth cohorts to measure the effects of combat exposure on later violence and crime. Combat exposure and violent acts are measured using self-reports from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. I find large positive effects on violence for blacks, suggestive evidence of positive effects on violence for whites and on arrests for certain offense types, and negative "incapacitation" effects on arrests during the men's years abroad. The estimates, while imprecise, suggest that the social cost of the violence and crimes caused by Vietnam-era combat exposure was roughly $65 billion.
Collaborative assessment with involuntary populations: Foster children and their mothers 1

Abstract This paper explores the value of the collaborative or therapeutic assessment model with clients who do not choose to have an assessment, specifically two populations, children in foster care and parents who are trying to get their children returned from foster care. In each case, the collaborative approach encourages a working alliance with initially resistant subjects. Examples show interventions throughout the process that build on the notion that testing is a two‐person process that has an impact on the client. This method helps the client feel his or her agency in working within the mental health and social services system.
A Supervisor of Traffic Light Systems Using Statecharts

In this paper, we propose a methodology to model a traffic light system with eight-phase. The modeling tool is called statechart. Statechart has been utilized as a visual formalism for the modeling of complex systems. It illuminates the features on describing properties of causality, concurrency, and synchronization. This paper focuses on the use of statecharts to model an eight-phase traffic lights control system. The advantage of the proposed approach is the clear presentation of traffic lights' behaviors in terms of conditions and events that cause the phases alternations. Moreover, the paper also proposes a new modeling methodology, called concurrent state graphs, that allows us to present all the concurrent states in complex statecharts. The analysis of the control models is performed to demonstrate how the models enforce the lights' transitions by reachability tree method. And then the reachability and reversibility properties of the control statecharts will be obtained.
Bullying and Victimization Among Native and Immigrant Adolescents in Norway

This study compares levels of bullying others, victimization, and aggressiveness in native Norwegian and immigrant adolescents living in Norway and shows how bullying is related to proactive and reactive aggressiveness. The sample consists of 2,938 native Norwegians (1,521 girls, 1,417 boys) and 189 immigrant adolescents (97 girls, 92 boys) in school grades 8, 9, and 10. Data were collected via self-assessments. Structural equation models were conducted separately for girls and boys in both groups. The levels of victimization, reactive and proactive aggressiveness were the same for both native Norwegians and immigrant adolescents but there was a significant difference in the levels of bullying others. Compared with the native Norwegians, immigrant adolescents were found to be at higher risk of bullying others. Structural models revealed significantly stronger relations between affiliation-related proactive aggressiveness and bullying others in immigrant boys compared with the other groups. This indicates that the wish for affiliation is an important mechanism of bullying others in immigrant boys. We also suggest further research and the practical importance of the findings for prevention of targeting immigrant adolescents.
Dance, Dance Revolution: Change in Executive Function Following a Video Dance Intervention in Postmenopausal Women

There is substantial evidence supporting aerobic exercise as an efficable opponent of the growing problem of cognitive decline (CD). Most exercise interventions have examined their relationship to brain health using simple aerobic exercises and achieved favorable results. There is potential to improve cognitive outcomes by using a complex aerobic exercise such as video dance. In this study, we compared brain activation from the digit symbol substitution task in 39 postmenopausal women (mean age = 55.2 years, SD = 10.2 years, mean weight = 175.8 lbs., SD 24.0) who completed baseline and follow-up fMRI scans. These women were divided into three groups; video dance, walk and delayed entry controls. Activation maps were created for the change between baseline and follow-up time points for each group: video dance, walk and delayed entry controls. The activation maps were qualitatively examined for differences between the three groups. Results indicate that the video dance group showed significant, positive activation in areas of the brain associated with executive function potentially due to the complexity of the exercise intervention. The public health significance of these finds are that video dance is an inexpensive, safe, and easy to implement intervention which may impede the progression of cognitive decline and decrease the expression of CD and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) symptoms, and could lead to the decrease of disease in the population. Any reduction in the incidence of CD also reduces stress on the healthcare system, individuals, and reduces the overall prevalence of disease in the population.
Design Patterns for Generic Programming in C++

Generic programming is a paradigm whose wide adoption by the C++ community is quite recent. In this scheme most classes and procedures are parameterized, leading to the construction of general and efficient software components. In this paper, we show how some design patterns from Gamma et al. can be adapted to this paradigm. Although these patterns rely highly on dynamic binding, we show that, by intensive use of parametric polymorphism, the method calls in these patterns can be resolved at compile-time. In intensive computations, the generic patterns bring a significant speed-up compared to their classical peers.
Leveraging Leadership Efficacy for College Students: Disaggregating Data to Examine Unique Predictors by Race

Cultivating leaders who are prepared to tackle complex social issues is positioned as a critical outcome of higher education and a tool for diversification of the workforce. Both leadership studies literature and leadership development practice, however, are negligent in the attention directed at understanding the role of social identity in framing college student leadership education, particularly as it relates to race. This contributes to a “one-size-fits all” approach derived largely from the experiences of white college students. The present study attempts to address this gap through the analysis of predictors of leadership self-efficacy conditioned by racial group. Using data from 8,510 college students the study highlights the critical importance of disaggregation in quantitative research and the emergence of unique predictors of leadership efficacy by racial group membership. Results offer insights into the importance of centering race in the study of college student leadership development to best leverage learning gains.
Eating Disorder Indices and Athletes: An Integration

Research shows inconclusive results pertaining to the comparison of eating disorder indices between athletes and nonathletes and among different subgroups of athletes. The purpose of this study was to meta-analytically review the literature on (a) bulimia nervosa indices, (b) anorexia nervosa indices, and (c) drive for thinness (a cardinal feature of both anorexia and bulimia) in male and female athletes. Results of 92 studies with 560 effect sizes (ES) revealed small ESs (range: −.01 to .30) in relation to group membership characteristics. Results for female athletes revealed small ESs for bulimia and anorexia indices, suggesting that female athletes self-reported more bulimic and anorexic symptomatology than control groups; nonsignificant group differences were evidenced for drive for thinness. Results for male athletes revealed small ESs on all three indices, suggesting that male athletes self-reported more eating disorder symptomatology than control groups. Moderator variables that might contribute to.
Discovery of a Unique Novel Clade of Mosquito-Associated Bunyaviruses

ABSTRACT Bunyaviruses are the largest known family of RNA viruses, infecting vertebrates, insects, and plants. Here we isolated three novel bunyaviruses from mosquitoes sampled in Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Uganda. The viruses define a highly diversified monophyletic sister clade to all members of the genus Orthobunyavirus and are virtually equidistant to orthobunyaviruses and tospoviruses. Maximal amino acid identities between homologous putative proteins of the novel group and orthobunyaviruses ranged between 12 and 25%. The type isolates, tentatively named Herbert virus (HEBV), Taï virus (TAIV), and Kibale virus (KIBV), comprised genomes with L, M, and S segments of about 7.4 kb, 2.7 kb, and 1.1 kb, respectively. HEBV, TAIV, and KIBV encode the shortest bunyavirus M segments known and did not seem to encode NSs and NSm proteins but contained an elongated L segment with an ∼500-nucleotide (nt) insertion that shows no identity to other bunyaviruses. The viruses replicated to high titers in insect cells but did not replicate in vertebrate cells. The enveloped virions were 90 to 110 nm in diameter and budded at cellular membranes with morphological features typical of the Golgi complex. Viral RNA recovered from infected cells showed 5′-terminal nontemplated sequences of 9 to 22 nt, suggestive of cap snatching during mRNA synthesis, as described for other bunyaviruses. Northern blotting identified RNA species of full and reduced lengths, suggested upon analogy with other bunyaviruses to constitute antigenomic-sense cRNA and transcript mRNAs, respectively. Functional studies will be necessary to determine if this group of viruses constitutes a novel genus in the bunyavirus family.
Antiviral Therapy by HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing and Inhibitory Antibodies

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a global epidemic for more than three decades. HIV-1 replication is primarily controlled through antiretroviral therapy (ART) but this treatment does not cure HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, there is increasing viral resistance to ART, and side effects associated with long-term therapy. Consequently, there is a need of alternative candidates for HIV-1 prevention and therapy. Recent advances have discovered multiple broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. In this review, we describe the key epitopes on the HIV-1 Env protein and the reciprocal broadly neutralizing antibodies, and discuss the ongoing clinical trials of broadly neutralizing and inhibitory antibody therapy as well as antibody combinations, bispecific antibodies, and methods that improve therapeutic efficacy by combining broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) with latency reversing agents. Compared with ART, HIV-1 therapeutics that incorporate these broadly neutralizing and inhibitory antibodies offer the advantage of decreasing virus load and clearing infected cells, which is a promising prospect in HIV-1 prevention and treatment.
Does China have an apartheid pass system?

This article makes and defends the claim that China's contemporary household registration system can reasonably be described as a quasi‐apartheid pass system. The historical and ideological underpinnings of the two systems vary greatly, and the racial core of the South African system, lacking in China, led to its eventual demise. Nevertheless, the essence of both systems lies in the use of passes to control the influx of rural migrants into urban areas, thereby buttressing cheap‐labour economies. Possible explanations for this similarity are presented. Finally, it is argued that in China, as in apartheid South Africa, the pass system is associated with massive abuses of human rights, and that its retention should be opposed.
THE RELIABILITY YET INVALIDITY OF STUDENTS’ JUDGEMENTS OF TEACHING

ABSTRACT Judgements of teaching and teachers should be distinguished. Six arguments for using the students’ opinions are reviewed. Three counter arguments are presented. In particular, many previous validity studies are based upon a logical error. None justifies the validity of students’ opinions of teaching. Subjectivity may be the cause of invalidity.
Pilot Study Sleepiness in physicians on night call duty.

Abstract Little is known about how physicians' feelings of sleepiness and sleep patterns are affected by night call duties. In the present pilot study, the authors followed a group of staff (hospital) physicians during and following night call duties. They recorded feelings of sleepiness and sleep patterns every third hour. Results show measurable effects on the sleepiness scale with residual effects lasting up to two days after the actual night call duty. The authors suggest that increased attention should now be given to studies of the psychophysiological effects of both present and alternative work schedules for physicians.
Managing Conflicting Goals in Supportive Interaction

Supportive interactions often pose conflicting goals: Speakers want to give or receive support, simultaneously conveying and receiving acceptance and preserving the autonomy of both parties. Previous research on the presence or absence of supportive communication has overlooked how support is conveyed and how some message characteristics accomplish multiple goals. By highlighting these multiple goals, politeness theory integrates previous research on dilemmas of supportive communication and characteristics of helpful and unhelpful messages. Face work is a critical part of a theoretical framework for identifying and explaining characteristics of effective supportive communication. The heuristic value of this framework is demonstrated in a series of research questions.