Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONTINUOUS SUBCUTANEOUS PUMP INFUSION OF SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUE SMS 201‐995 VERSUS SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION SCHEDULE IN ACROMEGALIC PATIENTS

Diurnal serum GH patterns were determined in 10 acromegalic patients before treatment, after 3 d continuous s.c. pump infusion and then after 3 d with three equal daily s.c. injections in both instances totalling 100 μg/24 h. Subcutaneous injections (33 μg) induced impressive suppression of serum GH lasting 3‐6 h in eight patients followed by escape to pretreatment values before the next injection. In contrast, continuous infusion resulted in greater and more stable 24 h suppression to the levels reached at the nadir between injections. Suppression of mean 24 h serum GH below 5 ng/ml was achieved by pump treatment in four patients, while two patients had mean values between 5 rig/ml and 10 ng/ml. In four patients occasional or all levels were above 10 ng/ml (24 h average 12.4‐102 ng/ml) implying either that adequate suppression by the SMS 201‐995, was impossible during the 3 d pump infusion period, or that the dose administered was inadequate. Carbohydrate tolerance was unaffected in either regimen, indicating that reduction in insulin antagonistic hormones balanced inhibition of insulin release. Interestingly, and in contrast to somatostatin, SMS 201‐995 did not inhibit TSH release. No untoward effects were observed at the moderate dosage and blood clinical chemistry was unchanged. Fairly constant diurnal serum SMS 201‐995 values were obtained during pump infusion, while levels undulated inversely with serum GH during injection treatment. Average diurnal serum somatostatin‐C immunoreactivity (all patients) decreased from 496 ± 129 (mean ± SD) to 385 ± 100 ng/ml (P < 0 003) during pump treatment and did not decrease further during the following 3 d injection treatment (363 ± 76 ng/ml).
Culture, Politics, and Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms: The Anthropology of Pfiesteria

Applied anthropologists have joined forces with biological scientists in studying the community and health effects of toxic dinoflagellate blooms. This paper presents findings from a number of investigations of the cultural, political, and health consequences of Pfiesteria blooms. We argue that a unique role for applied anthropology is to identify the cultural models of pollution and health that individuals draw upon to understand complex environmental problems such as dinoflagellate blooms. We also argue that anthropology must consider the political factors that sharpen stakeholder interest in environmental events and that lead to competing policies and initiatives for natural resource management and use. We review prior studies dealing with Pfiesteria, discuss our field research, and conclude with recommendations for applying a holistic approach to the study of blooms and related environmental problems.
Early childhood education as a resilience intervention for maltreated children

The profound injuries caused by child maltreatment are well documented in the neurological, attachment, cognitive, and developmental literature. In this review paper, we explore the potential of early childhood education (ECE) as a community-based resilience intervention for mitigating the impacts of child abuse and neglect and supporting families in difficulty. There is clear empirical evidence that providing quality ECE to disadvantaged and vulnerable families in conjunction with other services (e.g. parenting education) is associated with positive outcomes. Challenges facing ECE centres, such as integrating children with behavioural, cognitive, and socio-emotional difficulties, are considered. Examples of successful programmes are presented.
New Beginnings–an experience-based programme addressing the attachment relationship between mothers and their babies in prisons

Abstract Data about the quality of attachment between infants and parents in high-risk populations suggests that early intervention may be advantageous for positive developmental outcomes for the child. Mothers in prison represent a high-risk parenting population in terms of both attachment histories and economic and social risk factors. New Beginnings was constructed as a short term, experience-based programme for mothers and infants in the Mother and Baby Units of two UK women's prisons. It is based on the early intervention model developed at the Anna Freud Centre. The programme was piloted in 2004–5, with 27 participating dyads. This paper presents an overview of the pilot stage. Our aim is to introduce the thinking that went into the programme and to present initial observations concerning the effect of the programme. We describe the development of a framework for the programme and its preliminary evaluation using pre- and post-interview protocols concerning the mothers' thoughts and feelings about their babies. We used the Parent Development Interview, for both a qualitative analysis of the major themes in connection to child rearing and quantitative measures of reflective capacity in relation to the child on the part of mother-participants.
Belief-Free Equilibria in Games with Incomplete Information: Characterization and Existence

We characterize belief-free equilibria in infinitely repeated games with incomplete information with N \ge 2 players and arbitrary information structures. This characterization involves a new type of individual rational constraint linking the lowest equilibrium payoffs across players. The characterization is tight: we define a set of payoffs that contains all the belief-free equilibrium payoffs; conversely, any point in the interior of this set is a belief-free equilibrium payoff vector when players are sufficiently patient. Further, we provide necessary conditions and sufficient conditions on the information structure for this set to be non-empty, both for the case of known-own payoffs, and for arbitrary payoffs.
Indigenous ways to go to school: Exploring many visions

Abstract Indigenous schools are sites of negotiation between cultures in contact, and evidence cultural creativity in an unpredictable diversity of educational designs which defy accepted theoretical and methodological packages. Among other world contexts, Canadian Inuit and Mohawk situations illustrate this meeting of formal and traditional educational models, and suggest the dangers in oversimplified ‘learning style’ dichotomies. The meeting of formal and traditional learning and teaching is very significantly played out in the evolution of new and complementary language forms in indigenous schools. The western cultural package of standard literacy practice, schooling, and abstract thought is being opened up and challenged. As the focus expands from ‘what’ (content) to ‘how’ (process) and to ‘why’ (values and meaning), there is reason for optimism over the cultural negotiation of indigenous education. Emerging ‘third cultural realities’ offer paths to cultural survival beyond assimilation, isolation, or.
State care provision, societal opinion and children's care of older parents in 11 European countries

ABSTRACT Dependent older people are predominantly cared for by family members, mostly partners and children, but not every parent in need is cared for by a child, and intergenerational care varies widely across Europe. Previous studies have used care regimes to explain these differences, but because of the lack of large comparative surveys, the prevalence of intergenerational care has rarely been related directly to the institutional and cultural context, including state care provision, legal obligations between family members, and societal opinion about the role of the state in elderly care. This paper reports an analysis of variations in intergenerational care among European countries and the reasons for these differences using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe for Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Results from logistic multilevel models show that care by children is influenced by the individual characteristics of both parents and children, and by family structures, welfare-state institutions and cultural norms. Intergenerational care is more prevalent in southern and central European countries, where children are legally obligated to support parents in need, and care is perceived as a responsibility of the family, whereas in northern Europe, the wider availability of formal care services enable adult children, particularly daughters, have more choice about their activities and use of time.
Tunnel FETs for Ultralow Voltage Digital VLSI Circuits: Part I—Device–Circuit Interaction and Evaluation at Device Level

This paper and the companion work present the results of a comparative study between the tunnel-FETs (TFETs) and conventional MOSFETs for ultralow power digital circuits targeting a VDD below 500 mV. For this purpose, we employed numerical TCAD simulations, as well as mixed device-circuit and lookup-table simulations using either the SENTAURUS or the Verilog-A environment. In particular, in this paper, we explore the device-circuit interaction in n- and p-type TFETs, and propose a design leading to a good tradeoff between the current leakage and transistor imbalance at ultralow VDD, as required in ultralow voltage systems. Then, we systematically compare the IOFF, ION, effective capacitance, OFF-state and ON-state stacking factors for TFETs, SOI, and bulk MOSFETs in a wide range of VDD. These results allow us to infer preliminary indications about the amenability for an aggressive voltage scaling of TFETs compared with MOSFETs, which will be further developed in the companion paper. We also report simulation results for the sensitivity of the transistors to the variation of some key device parameters. Even these process variation results set the stage for a more thorough investigation addressed in the companion paper about the limits imposed by process variability to voltage scaling for either TFETs or MOSFETs circuits.
The Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project: implementation of GO in SWISS-PROT, TrEMBL, and InterPro.

Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) is a project run by the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) that aims to provide assignments of terms from the Gene Ontology (GO) resource to gene products in a number of its databases (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/GOA). In the first stage of this project, GO assignments have been applied to a data set representing the complete human proteome by a combination of electronic mappings and manual curation. This vocabulary has also been applied to the nonredundant proteome sets for all other completely sequenced organisms as well as to proteins from a wide range of organisms where the proteome is not yet complete.
Online Status

The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe preservice music teachers’ perceptions of their experiences participating in virtual field experiences and mentoring episodes with experienced teachers during their elementary general music methods course. Participants were 21 preservice music teachers and 8 elementary general music teachers. Each cohort of two or three preservice teachers was assigned a mentor teacher. Using virtual conferencing technology, cohorts completed two observations of their mentor teacher, two 30-minute post-observation conferences with their mentor teacher, and three post–field teaching conferences with their mentor teacher. Data were preservice teachers’ written reflections about post-observation conferences and post–field teaching conferences. Analysis revealed challenges to and benefits of the virtual observations and conferences. Challenges included limitations of the technology and virtual experiences, and difficulty scheduling experiences. Benefits included improved logistics, view of reality, expanded perspective, and learning from dialogic inquiry. Overall, benefits were perceived to outweigh challenges.
Positive and Negative Changes in the Lives of Israeli Former Prisoners of War

The study of traumatic stress has been biased toward pathological perspectives, with relatively few investigations assessing salutogenic possibilities. The present study assesses (1) both positive and negative psychological consequences of war captivity, and (2) the contribution of specific stressors and coping in captivity and at homecoming, to positive and negative changes. Participants in the study were 1 64 ex-POWs and 1 84 comparable controls. Results indicated that in both groups positive changes were more frequently endorsed than negative ones. Ex-POWs and controls did not differ in positive changes, yet the former reported more negative changes than the latter. The multidimensionality of human response to trauma is discussed. It is suggested that many trauma victims are able to compartmentalize their reactions and thus contain their distress so that it does not undermine subsequent psychological growth.
Body image differences in guatemalan-american and white college women

Abstract Although eating disturbances in Hispanic populations have been reported in the literature, body image attitudes have not yet been examined in this minority group. Utilizing several self-report measures, this study assessed differences in body image among 57 Guatemalan-American and white female college students. As predicted, Guatemalan women reported greater body satisfaction, were less driven toward thinness, and revealed more positive attitudes toward obesity. Body image disparagement in Guatemalan women was related to the degree of acculturation to the mainstream culture. Results are discussed in the context of cultural influences on attitudes toward body shape and size in minority groups.
The predictive validity of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) among institutionalised adolescents

The aim of this study was to examine the short-term predictive validity of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) in a sample of institutionalised adolescents. Subjects were 208 adolescents in general residential adolescent psychiatry, correctional schools, or adolescent forensic units. Demographic features and the information needed to assess violence risk with SAVRY were retrieved from medical files and child welfare records. Information on institutional violence was retrieved from the files for the six months after assessment (or at discharge if this occurred sooner). Validity was measured by comparing risk estimates and violent outcomes. Logistic regression analysis revealed odds ratios of 27.85 for the high risk group and 3.83 for the moderate risk group when compared to the low risk group, when adjusting the analyses for sex, age, diagnosis, service level, and time of follow-up. Based on these findings we can assume that the SAVRY is a useful and valid aid for professionals across several service levels when assessing risk of violent behaviour and intervention needs in youth with severe challenging and aggressive behaviours, even though we need further information on the impact of gender and psychopathology on violence risk in youth samples.
Vertices of plane curves

PROOF. Apply Theorem J for the case w==r. We obtain for gr an expression which differs from the one just written only in the fact that the terms Brtr+ifr+i+Brtr+2fr+2+ • • • +Br,nfn are missing from its numerator. But the coefficients J3r,, = 0 when r<s. Hence the two expressions are equal. REMARK. The generalization of the method to orthonormalization with respect to a general norming or weight function p is obvious. One applies the process described to the functions (p)fi and obtains functions g% (=linear combinations of the (p)fi) which are orthonormal with respect to the weight function unity. Dividing through by the common factor (p) one forms functions gi(p)~~* which are orthonormal with respect to p.
Verbal memory resources predict iconic gesture use among monolinguals and bilinguals

Researchers have speculated that gesture use may be linked to working memory capacity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the architectures of working memory differ among monolinguals and bilinguals, and to investigate whether individual differences in working memory predict gesture use. Participants relayed a narrative and their gesture production was assessed. Working memory capacity was tested using the Automated Working Memory Assessment (Alloway, 2007). The results provide evidence for different working memory architectures among monolinguals and bilinguals. Additionally, verbal memory significantly predicted iconic gesture use in both language groups, although in slightly different ways. These results are discussed with respect to the functional roles that working memory and gestures serve among monolingual and bilingual populations.
Distributional Random Oversampling for Imbalanced Text Classification

The accuracy of many classification algorithms is known to suffer when the data are imbalanced (i.e., when the distribution of the examples across the classes is severely skewed). Many applications of binary text classification are of this type, with the positive examples of the class of interest far outnumbered by the negative examples. Oversampling (i.e., generating synthetic training examples of the minority class) is an often used strategy to counter this problem. We present a new oversampling method specifically designed for classifying data (such as text) for which the distributional hypothesis holds, according to which the meaning of a feature is somehow determined by its distribution in large corpora of data. Our Distributional Random Oversampling method generates new random minority-class synthetic documents by exploiting the distributional properties of the terms in the collection. We discuss results we have obtained on the Reuters-21578, OHSUMED-S, and RCV1-v2 datasets.
Therapeutic relationships in psychiatry: The basis of therapy or therapy in itself?

All healthcare is delivered in relationships between professionals and patients, and this relationship is particularly central to mental healthcare. Although fewer studies have been conducted in community psychiatry than in psychological treatments, there is increasing evidence that the therapeutic relationship predicts outcome across various psychiatric settings. The clinician-patient relationship and communication may indirectly improve outcome, e.g. mediated through better treatment adherence. Yet, evidence suggests that these interpersonal processes also have a direct therapeutic effect. Thus, depending on the conceptual model of therapeutic processes they may be seen as therapy in itself. Clinicians receive little specific instruction and supervision in communication skills, and research on the issue is scarce. Whilst there are conceptual and methodological challenges to such research, the aim should be to identify therapeutically effective elements of relationships and communication that can be tested in experimental studies. Although still rare, interventions to improve clinician-patient communication in routine mental healthcare show favourable results. A further step may be adapting established psychological treatment models, such as cognitive behaviour or solution focused therapy, to make routine clinical interactions more therapeutic and evidence based. This would be in the interest of clinicians, in optimizing their therapeutic potential, and patients alike.
The Holocaust and Education for Citizenship: The Teaching of History, Religion and Human Rights in England.

Abstract The importance of the Holocaust is undeniable. It seems that this truism has long been accepted by teachers and education policy makers. A superficial prediction would be that the Holocaust will continue to have both a high profile and a high status in the schools and colleges of England and Wales. However, on the basis of small‐scale work using data from teachers’ perceptions, we draw attention to certain problems in learning about the Holocaust and begin to suggest issues which should be investigated further. The issues which need further investigation are related to the possibilities that there may be too little time devoted to teaching about the Holocaust; the events of the Holocaust may sometimes be used as a,mere context for understanding World War Two; teachers may not perceive the Holocaust as being significantly unique; teachers may not collaborate effectively; there may be a lack of clarity about the nature of the affective and cognitive aims of such work.
Tsunami: Psychosocial aspects of Andaman and Nicobar islands. Assessments and intervention in the early phase

The aim of this paper is to describe the activities and observations of the team from National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore, India in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands during the early phase of the Tsunami disaster in January and February 2005. The activities comprised mental health consultation at camps, community sensitization, mental health services to the students and children, teachers orientation sessions and training of non-governmental organization [NGO] functionaries. Initial assessment reveals 5–8% of the population were suffering from significant mental health problems following the early phase of the disaster. This may increase in the aftermath of the early relief phase. Psychiatric morbidity is expected be around 25–30% in the disillusionment phase. High resilience was seen in the joint family system of tribal Nicobarese during early phase of disaster. In developing countries like India, limited availability of mental health professionals and poor knowledge about disaster mental health among the medical and para-medical staff, may lead to poor psychosocial rehabilitation of the survivors. To respond to a high magnitude natural disaster like a tsunami, the disaster mental health team must be able to understand the local culture, traditions, language, belief systems and local livelihood patterns. They also need to integrate with the network of various governmental and non-governmental organizations to cater to the needs of the survivors. Hence the presence of a disaster mental health team is definitely required during the early phase of the disaster in developing countries.
Is Talking Online to Unknown People Always Risky? Distinguishing Online Interaction Styles in a National Sample of Youth Internet Users

We examined the risk of unwanted online sexual solicitations and characteristics associated with four online interaction styles among youth Internet users. The interaction styles took into account the people with whom youth interacted online (people known in person only, unknown people met through face-to-face friends, unknown people met in chatroom, and other places online) and high- and low-risk patterns of online behavior. The aim was to provide a basis for identifying which youth may be most at risk from interacting online with unknown people.