Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
urvival of Ascaris suum and Ascaridia galli eggs in liquid anure at different ammonia concentrations and emperatures iran

Eggs of Ascaris suum from pigs are highly resistant and commonly used as a conservative indicator of pathogen inactivation during slurry storage. Eggs of Ascaridia galli, the poultry ascarid, are also known to be highly resistant but the suitability as an indicator of pathogen inactivation has never been tested. Pig slurry has to be stored for several months to inactivate pathogens but chemical treatment of slurry may reduce this time. The suitability of A. galli as an indicator of slurry sanitation was tested by comparing the survival of eggs of A. suum and A. galli in pig slurry. In addition, the effect of urea treatment on inactivation of ascarid eggs in relation to storage time was also tested. Nylon bags with 10,000 eggs of either species were placed in 200 ml plastic bottles containing either urea-treated (2%) or untreated pig slurry for up to 120 days at 20 ◦C, 6 days at 30 ◦C, 36 h at 40 ◦C or 2 h at 50 ◦C. At all the temperatures in both slurry types, A. galli eggs were inactivated at a significantly faster rate (P < 0.05) compared to A. suum eggs. For each 10 ◦C raise in temperature from 20 ◦C, T50 (time needed to inactivate 50% of eggs) for both types of eggs was reduced markedly. At all temperatures, viability of eggs of both species was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in untreated slurry compared to urea-treated slurry except A. galli eggs at 20 ◦C where no significant difference was detected. In untreated slurry, the levels of pH (6.33–9.08) and ammonia (0.01–1.74 mM) were lower (P < 0.0001) compared to that of urea-treated slurry (pH: 8.33–9.28 and ammonia 1–13 mM). The study demonstrated that A. galli eggs are more sensitive to unfavourable conditions compared to A. suum eggs. The use of A. galli eggs as hygiene indicator may thus be suitable to assess inactivation of pathogens that are more sensitive than A. galli eggs. Addition of urea may markedly reduce the storage time of slurry needed to inactivate A. suum and A. galli eggs.
‘Articulating the unsaid’ via and-prefaced formulations of others’ talk

This article provides a conversation analytic description of a previously unstudied conversational action: ‘articulating the unsaid’ via and-prefaced formulations of other people’s talk. Contributing to the extant research on formulations and on interactional functions of discourse markers, the article shows that and-prefaced formulations accomplish a distinct conversational action that has the following features: these formulations are assertions about the addressee’s domain of knowledge that perform a repair operation in the form of a request for confirmation; they articulate a ‘missing’ element of the addressee’s preceding talk (which is, typically, an extended informing turn); what is being formulated is claimably inferable from the prior talk; moreover, such formulations extend the addressee’s course of action on his/her behalf. The article describes compositional and sequential features of and-prefaced formulations and how they shape interactional trajectories of in-progress courses of action.
Meta-Analysis of the Antecedents of Personal Goal Level and of the Antecedents and Consequences of Goal Commitment

Meta-analyses were conducted to examine the antecedents of personal goal level, and the antecedents and consequences of goal commitment based on 78 goal-setting studies. Meta-analyses of the antecedents of personal goal level indicated that prior performance and ability were significantly related to personal goals whereas knowledge of results had a marginally significant relationship with personal goal level. The relationships of three antecedent variables with goal commitment were found to be statistically significant (i.e., self-efficacy, expectancy of goal attainment, and task difficulty), whereas task complexity had a marginally significant relationship with goal commitment. The results of the meta-analyses on the consequences of goal commitment showed goal commitment to significantly affect goal achievement. A model was developed that integrated the results of the meta-analyses with conceptually derived variables and relationships.
Culture and facial expressions of emotion

With over a century of theoretical developments and empirical investigation in broad fields (e.g., anthropology, psychology, evolutionary biology), the universality of facial expressions of emotion remains a central debate in psychology. How near or far, then, is this debate from being resolved? Here, I will address this question by highlighting and synthesizing the significant advances in the field that have elevated knowledge of facial expression recognition across cultures. Specifically, I will discuss the impact of early major theoretical and empirical contributions in parallel fields and their later integration in modern research. With illustrative examples, I will show that the debate on the universality of facial expressions has arrived at a new juncture and faces a new generation of exciting questions.
Goal orientation towards teaching (GOTT) scale

Goal orientation theory has been widely investigated and found to affect many motivation and behavior variables in relation to student learning and work performance. However, unlike the motivational construct of self-efficacy, researchers have yet to investigate whether this theory can be applied to the field of teaching and contribute to the explanation for trends in instructional behavior and motives. The purpose of the present study was to develop an instrument to begin the exploration of teachers’ goal orientation towards teaching. From a three-phase research design consisting of scale development, score validation, and convergent/discriminant validation, results provided support for the development of, and validity of scores on, a Goal Orientation towards Teaching (GOTT) Scale. Although further validation is needed, future researchers and practitioners can use the GOTT scale to investigate how teachers’ goal orientation towards teaching can impact student learning, teaching effectiveness, pedagogical learning, and even professional morale.
Men and women who like continuous shiftwork are more 'hardy': But what does it mean?

Abstract Continuous shiftworkers of both genders who like shiftwork and report fewer digestive problems have higher scores on hardiness than those who dislike shiftwork. Whether this is a causal, consequential or accidental relationship requires a longitudinal investigation. It is also not clear how far ‘hardiness’ is a personality measure, a behavioural style, a coping strategy, or a consequence of the stress of shiftwork.
Epidemiology and genetic characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infections in long-term care facilities.

OBJECTIVES To assess risk factors for acquiring extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria (ESBL+ GN) causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). METHODS A prospective case-case-control study was carried out. In the first study, cases were defined as patients harbouring ESBL+ GN, while, in the second study, cases were defined as patients harbouring ESBL-negative (ESBL-) GN. Controls were selected by simple random sampling from patients without GN infection. ESBL determinants were characterized by hybridization, and confirmed by PCR and sequencing. RESULTS The study involved 297 LTCF patients (99 with ESBL+ GN UTI, 99 with ESBL- GN UTI and 99 without GN infection). ESBL+ GN UTIs were due to Escherichia coli (64%), Proteus mirabilis (25%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11%). The CTX-M-type enzymes were the most prevalent (73% of isolates), whereas TEM- and SHV-type ESBLs and AmpC-type enzymes were less prevalent (10%, 2% and 15% of isolates, respectively). Patients with ESBL+ GN UTI were more likely to have a permanent urinary catheter (OR 15, 95% CI 6.9-30.5) and to have received antimicrobial therapy in the previous 30 days (OR 4, 95% CI 1.2-10.9). After adjusting for type, dosage and duration of antibiotic, exposure to ≥7 days of quinolones and third-generation cephalosporins was associated with the highest risk of ESBL+ GN UTI development (OR 7, 95% CI 1.2-40). Independent risk factors for acquiring ESBL- GN UTIs were previous surgical procedures (OR 2, 95% CI 1.1-4) and the presence of a urinary catheter (OR 8, 95% CI 4-16). No specific antibiotics remained a significant risk for ESBL- GN UTI after adjusting for demographic and clinical risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to ≥7 days of quinolones and third-generation cephalosporins significantly increases the risk of ESBL+ GN UTI. Interventions aimed at improving compliance with antimicrobial stewardship principles should be further developed and implemented in LTCFs.
Deranged Bioenergetics and Defective Redox Capacity in T Lymphocytes and Neutrophils Are Related to Cellular Dysfunction and Increased Oxidative Stress in Patients with Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Urinary excretion of N-benzoyl-glycyl-Nε-(hexanonyl)lysine, a biomarker of oxidative stress, was higher in 26 patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) than in 11 non-SLE patients with connective tissue diseases and in 14 healthy volunteers. We hypothesized that increased oxidative stress in active SLE might be attributable to deranged bioenergetics, defective reduction-oxidation (redox) capacity, or other factors. We demonstrated that, compared to normal cells, T lymphocytes (T) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) of active SLE showed defective expression of facilitative glucose transporters GLUT-3 and GLUT-6, which led to increased intracellular basal lactate and decreased ATP production. In addition, the redox capacity, including intracellular GSH levels and the enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT), was decreased in SLE-T. Compared to normal cells, SLE-PMN showed decreased intracellular GSH levels, and GGT enzyme activity was found in SLE-PMN and enhanced expression of CD53, a coprecipitating molecule for GGT. We conclude that deranged cellular bioenergetics and defective redox capacity in T and PMN are responsible for cellular immune dysfunction and are related to increased oxidative stress in active SLE patients.
Recommendations for Fostering Educational Resilience in the Classroom

Sesearch has identified many factors that can foster the educational resilience of students who are at risk for academic failure. Educators have organized many of the recommendations that arise from this data into curricula and programs for implementation at the district and school levels. Researchers and educators have given less attention to compiling recommendations for daily classroom practice. Thus, the present project reviewed findings from current educational resilience research that examined students and teachers in classroom contexts. The synthesis produced 12 specific recommendations for classroom practices that can help foster educational resilience and support the academic achievement of students placed at risk for failure. The author organized the 12 recommendations into 4 clusters—(a) teacher-student rapport, (b) classroom climate, (c) instructional strategies, and (d) student skills—and presents with them the insights and perspectives of over 30 practicing teachers who work with at-risk students every day.
First year engineering students: Perceptions of engineers and engineering work amongst domestic and international students

Despite being well ahead of many other disciplines in establishing strong and evidence-based research and practice, engineering in many countries still experiences high rates of student and graduate attrition. One possible reason for this is that students enter engineering study without understanding the realities of either their degree program or engineering work, and without a sense of motivation and commitment. The research reported here aimed to extend understanding of first year engineering students’ thinking about their competencies, identity, self-efficacy, motivation, and career. The study involved over 1,100 first year engineering students enrolled in a common first year unit. Responses were coded using the Engineers Australia graduate competencies as a framework, and this paper reports findings from the most diverse cohort of students (n=260), of whom 49% were international students with English as their second language. The research identified differences between international and domestic students’ perceptions of self and of career competencies, possibly related to self-esteem. Implications include improved confidence and motivation to learn as students consider their strengths, interests and goals. Further, the research raises the need for analysis of international students’ cultural and educational background to determine how different cohorts of international students self-appraise and how they associate learning with their future careers.
Lexical access codes in visual and auditory word recognition

Abstract Lexical access takes place when sensory information is matched to lexical information. The nature of the code in which this match takes place was examined in two experiments. The first experiment looked at auditory lexical processing and found that nonwords took longer to classify as nonwords if they formed the beginnings of real words, regardless of syllable structure. This was in contrast to a second experiment which employed a visual lexical decision task, where nonwords took longer to classify only if they formed the first syllable of a word. It was concluded that the access code that activates lexical information in spoken word recognition is the first few phonemes regardless of syllable structure, whereas in printed word recognition the access code is the first (orthographically defined) syllable.
Mid-Infrared Interband Cascade Photodetectors With Different Absorber Designs

We report an experimental investigation on the influence of absorber thicknesses in mid-infrared interband cascade (IC) photodetectors. The electrical and optical properties of these five-stage IC detectors are characterized in detail over a wide operating temperature range. The IC detectors are operational above 400 K under zero bias, with a 50% cutoff of 4.56 μm and external quantum efficiency (single pass, no antireflection coating) up to 10.1% at room temperature. The dark current in the IC detectors is at 10 μA/cm2 at -10 mV, with a Johnson-limited D* of 1.10 × 1011 Jones at 200 K. Our experimental results show that both the optical response and the noise performance in the quantum-engineered IC detectors improve with increased discrete absorber thicknesses. It is also suggested that the dark current in the IC detectors is determined by tunneling components at lower temperatures, and becomes diffusion-limited at higher temperatures.
Profiles of “successful managers” held by male and female banking managers across Europe

Personal conceptions of what constitutes a “successful manager” are important, as they influence an individual’s personal development and subsequent careers. This study investigates profiles of “successful managers” held by male and female managers working in ten European banks operating in Luxembourg. Respondents completed the personality attributes questionnaire (PAQ) and took part in semi‐structured interviews. Results are presented from the 66 managers as a group, and by gender. Next, responses are considered from individuals within three of those banks, chosen by position of the owning/originating country on Hofstede’s masculinity/femininity scale, to see whether differences in perceived successful leadership styles exist between the banks in accordance with Hofstede’s research. Results indicated that gender differences were more significant than nationality of the bank in determining perceptions of “the successful manager”.
Leta Stetter Hollingworth: A Pilgrim in Research in Her Time and Ours.

Leta Hollingworth's research program spanned three decades (1912–1939) and three areas: psychology of women, mental retardation, and intellectual talent. The last area captured her greatest attention; she completed more than twice as many publications on this topic than in the other two areas combined. This article presents an analysis and characterization of her research, especially her research dealing with gifted children. Leta Hollingworth's research contributions must be viewed as a model to be aspired to even today. She addressed her research questions with scientific rigor, and the best journals published her articles. Yet Hollingworth was committed to both research and service. She tried to enhance the potential of gifted students by providing them with appropriate educational programming. Her research through service to gifted students serves as a cornerstone for the gifted child movement in the 1980s.
Layered space-time multiuser detection over wireless uplink systems

In this paper, we investigate the use of layered space-time (also known as the vertical Bell Laboratories layered space-time (V-BLAST) scheme) for multiuser detection in fading channels. The multiple transmit antennas in V-BLAST are treated as individual mobile station transmitters, while the base station consists of multiple receive antennas. In the proposed system, users are organized in groups and allocated a unique spreading code within the same group. Using these codes, we are able to separate the different groups, and layered space-time algorithm is then invoked to further remove the remaining interference between users. A decorrelator-type receiver-based layered space-time detection is proposed for both complex and real constellations. For the latter case, we derive our receiver after evaluating and comparing the performance of two decorrelators based on the V-BLAST scheme. It is demonstrated that a significant performance improvement and increase in system capacity is obtained with very low spreading factors. Further results are also introduced by considering reduced complexity receivers based on serial layered space-time group multiuser detection, and parallel layered space-time group multiuser detection.
Older women's relations to bodily appearance: the embodiment of social and biological conditions of existence

Our purpose in this paper is to explore and deepen the understanding of older women's relations to bodily appearance by looking at two different conditions of existence. Recent research has touched on the experiences of older women in societies with youthful norms of beauty, but the diversity of older women's experiences has been little explored, and there has been little dialogue between theoretical writing and empirical research on the topic. It was therefore decided to conduct an empirical study of older women's relations to bodily appearance, applying Pierre Bourdieu's sociological theory and particularly the concept of habitus to the body. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 51 francophone women aged 65 to 75 years from working-class and affluent neighbourhoods of Montréal (Québec, Canada). The findings showed clearly that, despite the social differentiation associated with variations in economic and cultural capital, older women's relations to bodily appearance converged as they aged. Two previously unidentified and overlapping processes of attitudinal change were recognised: (1) differentiation by social class, and (2) convergence with increasing age. In conclusion, we discuss the embodiment of women's social and biological conditions of existence in the context of personal ageing. The notion of age-habitus is introduced to explain how older women maintain their social value in the context of omnipresent youthful ideals of beauty for western women.
Service in Service-Learning Education: The Need for Philosophical Understanding

In this piece, the author argues that service-learning has been overly defined and because of that, it is in danger of becoming meaningless. He further argues that one way to recover service-learning from the wasteland of definition-making and thereby improve both its understanding and practice is by applying philosophical inquiry to the various conceptions that make up service-learning. The author then offers an example of how such philosophical research might lead to clarity through a discussion of how the service aspect of service-learning should be viewed and how that view would impact its practice.
Selection of Distinct Strain Phenotypes in Mice Infected by Ovine Natural Scrapie Isolates Similar to CH1641 Experimental Scrapie

Abstract A few cases of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in sheep have been described in France in which the protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) exhibited some features in Western blot of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy in sheep. Their molecular characteristics were indistinguishable from those produced in the CH1641 experimental scrapie isolate. Four of these CH1641-like isolates were inoculated intracerebrally into wild-type C57Bl/6 mice. In striking contrast to previous results in ovine transgenic mice, CH1641 transmission in wild-type mice was efficient. Several components of the strain signature, that is, PrPres profile, brain distribution, and morphology of the deposits of the disease-associated prion protein, had some similarities with “classical” scrapie and clearly differed from both bovine spongiform encephalopathy in sheep and CH1641 transmission in ovine transgenic mice. These results on CH1641-like isolates in wild-type mice may be consistent with the presence in these isolates of mixed conformers with different abilities to propagate and mediate specific disease phenotypes in different species.
What is Interactivity and is it Always Such a Good Thing? Implications of Definition, Person, and Situation for the Influence of Interactivity on Advertising Effectiveness

Abstract Most perceptions of interactivity are that it is an inherently good thing, that it will change marketing and advertising as we know it. However, though there are obvious and intuitive advantages to interactivity, it may pose a disadvantage for marketing and advertising in some conditions. In this article, we explore the nature of interactivity and its underlying processes to determine the conditions in which interactivity may be both useful and detrimental in an advertising context. We first discuss the multidimensional nature of the interactivity construct as it has appeared in the literature. We then provide a concrete conceptualization and definition of interactivity that encompasses these various dimensions. We argue that inconsistencies between the definitions and operationalizations found in previous studies make it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the role of interactivity but that these inconsistencies can be at least partly explained by a focus on the different dimensions of interactivity. Finally, drawing on theory and research in cognitive, social, and personality psychology, we suggest that the influence of interactivity on advertising effectiveness may be a function of both the person and the situation. We offer a program of research, in the form of testable propositions, to explore these boundary conditions and discuss implications for Internet advertising strategy.