Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RIG-I Is Required for the Inhibition of Measles Virus by Retinoids

Vitamin A can significantly decrease measles-associated morbidity and mortality. Vitamin A can inhibit the replication of measles virus (MeV) in vitro through an RARα- and type I interferon (IFN)-dependent mechanism. Retinoid-induced gene I (RIG-I) expression is induced by retinoids, activated by MeV RNA and is important for IFN signaling. We hypothesized that RIG-I is central to retinoid-mediated inhibition of MeV in vitro. We demonstrate that RIG-I expression is increased in cells treated with retinoids and infected with MeV. The central role of RIG-I in the retinoid-anti-MeV effect was demonstrated in the Huh-7/7.5 model; the latter cells having non-functional RIG-I. RAR-dependent retinoid signaling was required for the induction of RIG-I by retinoids and MeV. Retinoid signaling was also found to act in combination with IFN to induce high levels of RIG-I expression. RIG-I promoter activation required both retinoids and MeV, as indicated by markers of active chromatin. IRF-1 is known to be regulated by retinoids and MeV, but we found recruitment of IRF-1 to the RIG-I promoter by retinoids alone. Using luciferase expression constructs, we further demonstrated that the IRF-1 response element of RIG-I was required for RIG-I activation by retinoids or IFN. These results reveal that retinoid treatment and MeV infection induces significant RIG-I. RIG-I is required for the retinoid-MeV antiviral response. The induction is dependent on IFN, retinoids and IRF-1.
A CLOSED-FORM ESTIMATOR FOR THE GARCH(1,1) MODEL

We propose a closed-form estimator for the linear GARCH(1,1) model. The estimator has the advantage over the often used quasi-maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE) that it can be easily implemented and does not require the use of any numerical optimization procedures or the choice of initial values of the conditional variance process. We derive the asymptotic properties of the estimator, showing T(κ−1)/κ-consistency for some κ ∈ (1,2) when the fourth moment exists and -asymptotic normality when the eighth moment exists. We demonstrate that a finite number of Newton–Raphson iterations using our estimator as starting point will yield asymptotically the same distribution as the QMLE when the fourth moment exists. A simulation study confirms our theoretical results.The first author's research was supported by the Shoemaker Foundation. The second author's research was supported by the Economic and Social Science Research Council of the United Kingdom.
No . 200 602 Interest Rate Risk Management at Commercial Banks : An Empirical Analysis

I analyze the effects of bank characteristics and macroeconomic shocks on interest rate riskmanagement behavior of commercial banks. My findings are consistent with hedging theories based on cost of financial distress and costly external financing. As compared to the derivative users, the derivative non-user banks adopt conservative asset-liability management policies in tighter monetary policy regimes. Finally, I show that the derivative non-user bank’s lending volume decline significantly with the contraction in the money-supply. Derivative users, on the other hand, remain immune to the monetary policy shocks. My findings suggest that a potential benefit of derivatives usage is to minimize the effect of external shocks on a firm’s operating policies. * An earlier version of the paper was circulated under the title ‘Do Banks Hedge in Response to the Financial Distress Costs? ” I would like to thank Warren Bailey, Allen Berger, Rosalind Bennett, Sreedhar Bharath, Murillo Campello, Dennis Capozza, Sudheer Chava, Serdar Dinc, Yaniv Grinstein, Bob Jarrow, Ed Kane, Han Kim, Anil Kumar, Paul Kupiec, Haitao Li, Patrick Morris, M P Narayanan, Mitch Petersen, Uday Rajan, Cathy Schrand, Clemens Sialm, Nejat Seyhun, Jayanthi Sunder, Bhaskaran Swaminathan and seminar participants at Cornell, FDIC/CFR workshop, FDIC/JFSR conference, University of Michigan and Western Finance Association’s meeting at Los Cabos for their helpful comments. Financial support from FDIC’s Center for Financial Research is gratefully acknowledged. All remaining errors are mine. Interest Rate Risk Management at Commercial Banks: An Empirical Investigation
Extracting paraphrase patterns from bilingual parallel corpora

Abstract Paraphrase patterns are semantically equivalent patterns, which are useful in both paraphrase recognition and generation. This paper presents a pivot approach for extracting paraphrase patterns from bilingual parallel corpora, whereby the paraphrase patterns in English are extracted using the patterns in another language as pivots. We make use of log-linear models for computing the paraphrase likelihood between pattern pairs and exploit feature functions based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), lexical weighting (LW), and monolingual word alignment (MWA). Using the presented method, we extract more than 1 million pairs of paraphrase patterns from about 2 million pairs of bilingual parallel sentences. The precision of the extracted paraphrase patterns is above 78%. Experimental results show that the presented method significantly outperforms a well-known method called discovery of inference rules from text (DIRT). Additionally, the log-linear model with the proposed feature functions are effective. The extracted paraphrase patterns are fully analyzed. Especially, we found that the extracted paraphrase patterns can be classified into five types, which are useful in multiple natural language processing (NLP) applications.
Modular solutions to equations of generalized Halphen type

Solutions to a class of differential systems that generalize the Halphen system are determined in terms of automorphic functions whose groups are commensurable with the modular group. These functions uniformize Riemann surfaces of genus zero and have q-series with integral coefficients. Rational maps between these functions are derived, implying subgroup relations between their automorphism groups, as well as symmetrization maps between the associated differential systems.
Is Exception Handling a Reusable Aspect?

A number of studies have evaluated the impact of modularizing the exception handling concern using aspect-oriented programming (AOP). Even though some of these studies have claimed that reuse through AOP is possible and advantageous in some cases, they have not focused specifically on reuse, often using the overall number of lines of code as a proxy for it. This has produced often contradictory results that are difficult to understand and extrapolate. In this paper we describe a study whose goal is to answer the question in the title of the paper. We have extracted exception handlers from 10 distinct applications to AspectJ aspects and, whenever possible, reused the handlers that were duplicated throughout each application. We have also collected a number of metrics from these systems and analyzed whether there is a relationship between the exception handling strategies that an application employs and the extent to which handlers implementing them are reusable. We discuss some scenarios and complicating factors related to reuse and present solutions that we have found to circumvent these complications. We also analyze limitations of current AspectJ constructs.
P , NP and mathematics – a computational complexity perspective

The P versus NP question distinguished itself as the central question of theoretical computer science nearly four decades ago. The quest to resolve it, and more generally, to understand the power and limits of efficient computation, has led to the development of computational complexity theory. While this mathematical discipline in general, and the P vs. NP problem in particular, have gained prominence within the mathematics community in the past decade, it is still largely viewed as a problem of computer science. In this paper I shall try to explain why this problem, and others in computational complexity, are not only mathematical problems but also problems about mathematics, faced by the working mathematician. I shall describe the underlying concepts and problems, the attempts to understand and solve them, and some of the research directions this led us to. I shall explain some of the important results, as well as the major goals and conjectures which still elude us. All this will hopefully give a taste of the motivations, richness and interconnectedness of our field. I shall conclude with a few non computational problems, which capture P vs. NP and related computational complexity problems, hopefully inviting more mathematicians to attack them as well. I believe it important to give many examples, and to underlie the intuition (and sometimes, philosophy) behind definitions and results. This may slow the pace of this article for some, in the hope to make it clearer to others. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). Primary 68Q15; Secondary 68Q17.
FINITE GROUPS WITH AN AUTOMORPHISM CUBING A LARGE FRACTION OF ELEMENTS

We investigate the possible structures imposed on a finite group by its possession of an automorphism sending a large fraction of the group elements to their cubes, the philosophy being that this should force the group to be, in some sense, close to abelian. We prove two main theorems. In the first, we completely classify all finite groups with an automorphism cubing more than half their elements. All such groups are either nilpotent class 2 or possess an abelian subgroup of index 2. For our second theorem, we show that if a group possesses an automorphism sending more than 4/15 of its elements to their cubes, then it must be solvable. The group A_5 shows that this result is best-possible. Both our main findings closely parallel results of previous authors on finite groups possessing an automorphism which inverts many elements. The technicalities of the new proofs are somewhat more subtle, and also throw up a nice connection to a basic problem in combinatorial number theory, namely the study of subsets of finite cyclic groups which avoid non-trivial solutions to one or more translation invariant linear equations.
Can pupillometry index auditory attentional capture in contexts of active visual processing?

ABSTRACT The rare presentation of a sound that deviates from the auditory background tends to capture attention, which is known to impede cognitive functioning. Such disruption is usually measured using performance on a concurrent visual task. Growing evidence recently showed that the pupillary dilation response (PDR) could index the attentional response triggered by a deviant sound. Given that the pupil diameter is sensitive to several vision-related factors, it is unclear whether the PDR could serve to study attentional capture in such contexts. Hence, the present study aimed at verifying whether the PDR can be used as a proxy for auditory attentional capture while a visual serial recall task (Experiment 1) or a reading comprehension task (Experiment 2) – respectively producing changes in luminance and gaze position – is being performed. Results showed that presenting a deviant sound within steady-state standard sounds elicited larger PDRs than a standard sound. Moreover, the magnitude of these PDRs was positively related to the amount of performance disruption produced by deviant sounds in Experiment 1. Performance remained unaffected by the deviants in Experiment 2, thereby implying that the PDR may be a more sensitive attention-capture index than behavioural measures. These results suggest that the PDR can be used to assess attentional capture by a deviant sound in contexts where the pupil diameter can be modulated by the visual environment.
The Limits and Possibilities of a Person-Centered Approach In Coaching Through the Lens of Adult Development Theories

The person-centred approach is one of the most recognised and respected theoretical positions amongst coaches because coaching shares a number of fundamental principles with this approach, such as the centrality of clients’ experiences and the commitment to the idea that the client already is in possession of their own resources for growth. However, deviations from orthodox person-centred practices commonly occur even when it is being claimed as the primary theoretical approach. In this paper we offer a potential explanation for how such discrepancies between the rationale for practice and the practice itself occur from the perspective of adult development theories. Distinguishing person-centred ‘philosophical attitude,’ with its wide general appeal, from the unique and integrated approach to practice developed from the work of Carl Rogers, we suggest that the latter can further benefit and be enhanced by insights provided by adult development theories.
Extreme environmental change and evolution: stress-induced morphological variation is strongly concordant with patterns of evolutionary divergence in shrew mandibles

Morphological structures often consist of simpler traits which can be viewed as either integrated (e.g. correlated due to functional interdependency) or non–integrated (e.g. functionally independent) traits. The combination of a long–term stabilizing selection on the entire structure with a short–term directional selection on an adaptively important subset of traits should result in long historical persistence of integrated functional complexes, with environmentally induced variation and macroevolutionary change confined mostly to non–integrated traits. We experimentally subjected populations of three closely related species of Sorex shrews to environmental stress. As predicted, we found that most of the variation in shrew mandibular shape was localized between rather than within the functional complexes; the patterns of integration did not change between the species. The stress–induced variation was confined to non–integrated traits and was highly concordant with the patterns of evolutionary change—species differed in the same set of non–integrated traits which were most sensitive to stress within each species. We suggest that low environmental and genetic canalization of non–integrated traits may have caused these traits to be most sensitive not only to the environmental but also to genetic perturbations associated with stress. The congruence of stress–induced and between–species patterns of variation in non–integrated traits suggests that stress–induced variation in these traits may play an important role in species divergence.
A Content-Based Dissemination Protocol for VANETs: Exploiting the Encounter Probability

This paper focuses on intelligent transportation systems and, more precisely, on intervehicle ad hoc networks. A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a highly dynamic network as the vehicles communicate using short-range wireless communications and can move very quickly. Thus, for example, we can only rely on short interactions between vehicles to exchange information about relevant events. In this paper, we describe in detail a dissemination protocol that vehicles can use to share information by using vehicle-to-vehicle communications. The dissemination approach considers the relevance of the data, represented by what we call encounter probability, to decide when a rediffusion is needed. The protocol is able to disseminate data about any type of event in the network (e.g., available parking spaces, accidents or obstacles in the road, information about moving objects such as emergency vehicles that should get the right of way, etc.) by setting appropriate weights for the different factors that affect the computation of the encounter probability. An extensive experimental evaluation with different types of events shows the interest of the proposal: The vehicles receive the relevant messages in time, and the network overload is limited.
Issues and Opinion on Structural Equation Modeling by

In the past few years, the IS field has seen a substantial increase in the number of submissions and publications using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. Part of the reason may be the increase in software packages to perform such covariance-based (e.g., LISREL, EQS, AMOS, SEPATH, RAMONA, MX, and CALIS) and componentbased (e.g., PLS-PC, PLS-Graph) analysis. Viewed as a coupling of two traditions -an econometric perspective focusing on prediction and a psychometric emphasis that models concepts as latent (unobserved) variables that are indirectly inferred from multiple observed measures (alternately termed as indicators or manifest variables) -SEM has allowed social scientists to perform path analytic modeling with latent variables (Lvs), which in turn has led some to describe this approach as an example of “a second generation of multivariate analysis” (Fornell 1987, p. 408).
The hypotensive response to oral fat is comparable but slower compared with carbohydrate in healthy elderly subjects

The objective of the present study was to determine the comparative hypotensive responses to drinks containing predominantly fat and carbohydrate (CHO) in healthy elderly subjects. Using a randomised, cross-over study, the participants, twelve elderly subjects, six of them female (72·2 (sd 5·7) years), were investigated. On three separate days, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were measured following ingestion of 300ml drinks containing: (1) CHO (75g glucose and 93g Polyjoule (CHO polymer) providing 2732kJ (653kcal)); (2) 88% fat (cream blended with milk providing 2732kJ (653kcal)); (3) water. Systolic BP decreased following the CHO drink (P<0·001) and the high-fat drink (P<0·001) but not water; there was no difference in the magnitude of the decrease between the CHO drink and the drink containing fat (13·4v. 15·6mmHg). However, the onset of the fall was slower after the fat-containing drink (13·0v. 26·5min (P=0·01); area under the curve for 0–30min for CHO drink −6·5v. fat-containing drink 125·4 mmHg×min (P=0·043)). We conclude that ingestion of a high-fat drink results in a comparable fall in BP to a CHO drink although the onset is relatively slower. These observations may have implications for the management of postprandial hypotension.
Attention and U-Shaped Learning in the Acquisition of the Past Tense

Plunkett & Marchman (1993) showed that a neural network trained on an incrementally expanded training set was able to master the past tense and show the U-shaped learning pattern characteristic of children. In Jackson, Constandse & Cottrell (1996) we argued that Plunkett & Marchman’s restriction of the training set was unrealistic and proposed a model of selective attention that enabled our network to master the past tense without external restrictions on its training set. Analysis in the present paper shows that the network in Jackson, Constandse & Cottrell (1996) does not exhibit appropriate U-shaped learning, however. We propose a modified model of selective attention that results in the mastery of the past tense as well as the kind of U-shaped learning observed in children.
Pengaruh Alokasi Dana Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa Dan Kemiskinan

The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the direct and indirect effects of village fund allocation on village expenditure and poverty. The population in the study of 81 village governments in North Sumatra Province began, data was taken from 2014 to 2016. Determination of the number of samples using purposive sampling method that is with the criteria that is owned by the existence of village income and expenditure budget report data and the poverty level of the village government in North Sumatra Province. The results showed that the allocation of village funds had a direct effect on poverty, but the allocation of village funds did not have an indirect effect on poverty, thus village expenditure was not an intervening variable between village fund allocation and poverty. The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the direct and indirect effects of village fund allocation on village expenditure and poverty. The population in the study of 81 village governments in North Sumatra Province began, data was taken from 2014 to 2016. Determination of the number of samples using purposive sampling method that is with the criteria that is owned by the existence of village income and expenditure budget report data and the poverty level of the village government in North Sumatra Province. The results showed that the allocation of village funds had a direct effect on poverty, but the allocation of village funds did not have an indirect effect on poverty, thus village expenditure was not an intervening variable between village fund allocation and poverty.
A Study of the Afterglows of Four GRBs: Constraining the Explosion and Fireball Model

We employ a fireball model of the GRB explosion to constrain intrinsic and environmental parameters of four events with good broadband afterglow data; GRB970508, GRB980329, GRB980703, and GRB000926. Using standard assumptions of constant circumburst density and no evolution of the fraction of the explosion energy in the post-shock magnetic field, we investigate the uniformity of the derived explosion and shock physics parameters among the events. We find densities that range from those of the ISM to diffuse clouds, energies comparable to the total GRB gamma-ray energy, collimations from near-isotropy to 0.04 rad, substantial electron energy fractions of 10-30% with energy distribution indices of 2.1-2.9 and magnetic energy fractions from 0.2-25%. We also investigate the level to which the data constrain standard model assumptions, such as the magnetic field evolution, and the allowed density profiles of the medium. Fits generally improve slightly with an increasing magnetic energy fraction epB. Good fits can be produced with epB accumulating or decaying with the shock strength over the afterglow as epB~gamma^x; -2<=x<=+1. The data are not very sensitive to increasing density profiles, allowing good fits even with density ~r^10. Some parameter values change by up to an order of magnitude under altered assumptions; parameters of even good fits cannot be taken at face value. The data are sensitive to decreasing densities; r^-2 profiles may produce reasonable fits; steeper profiles, even r^-2.5, will not fit the data.
New Generalized Cyclotomy and Its Applications

In this paper we first introduce a new generalized cyclotomy of order 2 with respect tope11···pett, then we calculate the new cyclotomic numbers of order 2. Some applications of the new cyclotomy in sequences, cryptography, and coding theory are also discussed. In the last section of this paper, we introduce more generalized cyclotomies and point out their applications. The major motivation behind the new generalized cyclotomies is the construction of binary duadic codes.