Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integration of Metric Tools for Software Testing

Software metric is a mathematical definition mapping the entities of a software system to numeric metrics values. Furthermore, we understand a software metrics tool as a program which implements a set of software metrics definitions. There are number of software metric tools available, use different methods to assess metric based software systems and hence project different results. The results are thus tool dependent and are in question for validation. Here an attempt is made to integrate four different object oriented free metric tools. A study has been done to calculate the metrics values using the same set of standard metrics for a software projects. The results have been presented and discussed here for showing the variations in results from different tools for same metrics. Measurements show that, for the same software system and metrics, the metrics values are tool depended. This paper will include two metrics which were not measured while integrating metrics tools. For this we will focus and study on integration of Vizz Analyzer and OOMeter metric tools with other metrics tools.
Antimicrobial peptide LL-37 promotes the proliferation and invasion of skin squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating DNA-binding protein A

The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 not only contributes to the host defence against microbial invasion but also regulates immune activity, angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Studies have shown that LL-37 participates in the development of a variety of tumours, such as lung cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer and melanoma. However, the role of LL-37 in the development of skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is not clear. The present study used immunohistochemistry to confirm that the expression of human DNA-binding protein A (dbpA) was increased in SCC tissues. After stimulating SCC A341 cells, LL-37 was shown promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of these malignant cells. LL-37 also promoted the upregulation of dbpA mRNA and protein expression. In addition, after using small interfering RNA to silence the normal dbpA expression in these malignant cells, the proliferation and invasion of the tumor cells were significantly reduced. When the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC was used to inhibit the process of LL-37-stimulated cells, it was found that the original upregulated expression of dbpA was downregulated. Overall, the present demonstrated that by upregulating the expression of dbpA, LL-37 can promote the proliferation and invasion of tumour cells, and that this process depends on the NF-κB signalling pathway.
Earthly Reward to the Religious: Religiosity and the Costs of Public and Private Debt

We document that a firm’s culture, specifically, its religiosity, affects its cost of debt. Firms in higher-religiosity counties have higher credit ratings and lower debt costs. The impact of religiosity is stronger for firms with greater information asymmetry and during recessions. Further, religiosity has additional explanatory power for the cost of bank loans (but not the cost of public bonds) beyond its impact through ratings. This supports the argument that banks have superior abilities in pricing soft information, such as corporate culture. Finally, the impact of religiosity is stronger when the lender is a small bank.
Contribution of Genetic Factors to Sjögren's Syndrome and Sjögren's Syndrome Related Lymphomagenesis

We aimed to summarize the current evidence related to the contributory role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and SS-related lymphoma. Genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus previously considered conferring increased susceptibility to SS development have been also revealed as important contributors in recent genome wide association studies. Moreover, genetic variations outside the MHC locus involving genes in type I interferon pathway, NF-κB signaling, B- and T-cell function and methylation processes have been shown to be associated with both SS and SS-related lymphoma development. Appreciating the functional implications of SS-related genetic variants could provide further insights into our understanding of SS heterogeneity, allowing the design of tailored therapeutic interventions.
EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF LUBRICANT PROPERTIES IN MINIMUM QUANTITY LUBRICATION MACHINING

Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) machining involves the application of a minute amount of an oil-based lubricant to the machining process in an attempt to replace the conventional flood coolant system. Understanding the correlations between fluid properties and MQL performance can help in selecting lubricants from a variety of choices without going through extensive machining tests. This study compared nine different MQL fluids in terms of their physical properties, wettability, tribological properties (lubricity and extreme pressure (EP) properties), mist characteristics and machinability to determine the correlation of measured properties and MQL drilling and reaming performance. Results show that low fluid viscosity, high mist concentration, large mist droplet diameter and high wettability were best correlated with good machinability. Although it is difficult to draw strong relationships, the optimal machining in a mild cutting condition was found with the low viscosity fluids, which may also have the highest mist concentration, largest drops and best wettability.
Thermal-aware power network design for IR drop reduction in 3D ICs

Due to the high integration on vertical stacked layers, power/ground network design becomes one of the critical challenges in 3D IC design. With the leakage-thermal dependency, the increasing on-chip temperature in 3D designs has serious impact on IR drop due to the increased wire resistance and increased leakage current. Power/ground (P/G) TSVs can help to relieve the IR drop violation by vertically connecting the on-chip P/G networks on different layers. However, most previous work only fulfills a margin of the full potential of PG TSVs planning since the P/G grids are restricted in a uniform topology. Besides, the overlook of resistance variation and leakage current will make the results less accurate. In this paper, we present an efficient thermal-aware P/G TSVs planning algorithm based on a sensitivity model with temperature-dependent leakage current considered. The proposed method can overcome the limitation of uniform P/G grid topology and make full use of P/G TSVs planning for the optimization of P/G network by allowing short wires to connect the P/G TSVs to P/G grids in non-uniform topology. Moreover, with resistance variation and increased leakage current caused by high temperature in 3D ICs, more accurate result can be obtained. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results show the efficiency of our approach. Results show that neglecting thermal impacts on power delivery can underestimate IR drop by about 11%. To relieve the severe IR drop violation, 51.8% more P/G TSVs are needed than the cases without thermal impacts considered. Results also show that our P/G TSV planning based on the sensitivity model can reduce max IR drop by 42.3% and reduce the number of violated nodes by 82.4%.
Between a dog and a green space: applying ecosystem services theory to explore the human benefits of off-the-leash dog parks

ABSTRACT Off-the-leash dog parks offer a range of benefits both to canines and humans, yet face considerable opposition. Overcoming this opposition requires a better understanding of the human benefits of dog parks and how these benefits can be facilitated through park design and location. Using a comparative case study in Perth, Western Australia, and adopting the theoretical framework of ecosystem services, this paper explores the potential of dog parks to facilitate physical activity, social interactions and stress restoration. When compared to a more traditional public green space, the case study dog park was found to have poor potential to increase physical activity, however great potential to facilitate social interactions. Results for stress restoration were less conclusive yet still promising. A ‘quantity over quality’ approach to designing and locating future dog parks is proposed, including greater utilisation of dog parks to activate under-used parkland, with areas for future research also identified.
The Unemployment Correlation Puzzle FIRST DRAFT

Models with labor market frictions have been criticized because they generate too little volatility in employment subject to technology shocks. Shimer (2009) shows that real wage rigidity increases employment volatility signi cantly. We introduce two additional frictions in the model: sticky prices and habit persistence. We show that the model can still generate volatility in employment. However, these realistic and standard frictions induce a negative correlation between employment and output ("unemployment correlation puzzle"). Therefore, the model driven only by technology shocks cannot explain business cycle dynamics. Corresponding author: Norges Bank, PO Box 1179, Sentrum, 0107 Oslo, Norway. Email: francesco.furlanetto@norges-bank.no. Telephone: +47-22316128. Telefax: +47-22424062. Website: www.norges-bank.no/research/furlanetto/
Dynamic Strategies, Asset Pricing Models, and the Out-of-Sample Performance of the Tangency Portfolio

In this paper, I study the behavior of an investor with unit risk aversion who maximizes a utility function defined over the mean and the variance of a portfolio's return. Conditioning information is accessible without cost and an unconditionally riskless asset is available in the market. ; The proposed approach makes it possible to compare the performance of a benchmark tangency portfolio (formed from the set of unrestricted estimates of portfolio weights) to the performance of a restricted tangency portfolio which uses single-index and multi-index asset pricing models to constrain the first moments of asset returns. ; The main findings of the paper are summarized as follows: i) The estimates of the constant and time-varying tangency portfolio weights are extremely volatile and imprecise. Using an asset pricing model to constrain mean asset returns eliminates extreme short positions in the underlying securities and improves the precision of the estimates of the weights. ii) Partially restricting mean asset returns according to single-index and multi-index asset pricing models improves the out-of-sample performance of the tangency portfolio. iii) Active investment strategies (i.e., strategies that incorporate the role played by conditioning information in investment decisions) strongly dominate passive investment strategies in-sample but do not provide any convincing pattern of improved out-of-sample performance.
Learning reactive robot behavior for autonomous valve turning

A learning approach is proposed for the challenging task of autonomous robotic valve turning in the presence of active disturbances and uncertainties. The valve turning task comprises two phases: reaching and turning. For the reaching phase the manipulator learns how to generate trajectories to reach or retract from the target. The learning is based on a set of trajectories demonstrated in advance by the operator. The turning phase is accomplished using a hybrid force/motion control strategy. Furthermore, a reactive decision making system is devised to react to the disturbances and uncertainties arising during the valve turning process. The reactive controller monitors the changes in force, movement of the arm with respect to the valve, and changes in the distance to the target. Observing the uncertainties, the reactive system modulates the valve turning task by changing the direction and rate of the movement. A real-world experiment with a robot manipulator mounted on a movable base is conducted to show the efficiency and validity of the proposed approach.
Mitochondrial mRNA stability and polyadenylation during anoxia-induced quiescence in the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana

SUMMARY Polyadenylation of messenger RNA is known to be an important mechanism for regulating mRNA stability in a variety of systems, including bacteria, chloroplasts and plant mitochondria. By comparison, little is known about the role played by polyadenylation in animal mitochondrial gene expression. We have used embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana to test hypotheses regarding message stability and polyadenylation under conditions simulating anoxia-induced quiescence. In response to anoxia, these embryos undergo a profound and acute metabolic downregulation, characterized by a steep drop in intracellular pH (pHi) and ATP levels. Using dot blots of total mitochondrial RNA, we show that during in organello incubations both O2 deprivation and acidic pH (pH 6.4) elicit increases in half-lives of selected mitochondrial transcripts on the order of five- to tenfold or more, relative to normoxic controls at pH 7.8. Polyadenylation of these transcripts was measured under the same incubation conditions using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based assay. The results demonstrate that low pH and anoxia promote significant deadenylation of the stabilized transcripts in several cases, measured either as change over time in the amount of polyadenylation within a given size class of poly(A)+ tail, or as the total amount of polyadenylation at the endpoint of the incubation. This study is the first direct demonstration that for a metazoan mitochondrion, polyadenylation is associated with destabilized mRNA. This pattern has also been demonstrated in bacteria, chloroplasts and plant mitochondria and may indicate a conserved mechanism for regulating message half-life that differs from the paradigm for eukaryotic cytoplasm, where increased mRNA stability is associated with polyadenylation.
Movement-Related Sensory Feedback Mediates the Learning of a New Bimanual Relative Phase Pattern

On the basis of findings emphasizing the role of perceptual consequences in movement coordination, the authors tested the hypothesis that the learning of a new bimanual relative phase pattern would involve the matching of the movement-related sensory consequences (rather than the motor outflow commands) to the to-be-learned pattern. Two groups of participants (n = 10 in each) practiced rhythmically moving their forearms with a phase difference of 30deg;. In 1 group, a difference in the arms' eigenfrequencies was imposed such that synchronous generation of the left and right motor commands resulted in the required relative phase (30deg;), yielding incongruence between the motor commands and their sensory consequences. In the other group, the experimenter imposed no eigenfrequency difference so that the sensory consequences were congruent with the motor commands. Throughout the practice period, performance of both groups was assessed repeatedly for the congruent situation (i.e., no eigenfrequency difference). On those criterion tests, both groups performed the required pattern equally well. The authors discuss that result, which corroborated the hypothesis, from a dynamical systems perspective.
The great trade collapse and rebound: a state-by-state view

During the Great Trade Collapse in the United States, which began in late 2008, one concern was that such a large collapse would transform exporting firms into strictly domestic firms or, worse, drive them out of business. In either case, it was feared that U.S. exporting might, at best, revive slowly. However, this fear about long-lived export impacts did not materialize. Clearly there were large export effects, but the sharp decline was quickly followed by a sharp rebound that began in mid-2009. In contrast to previous research, this study examines this historic episode from the perspective of individual states. A comparison of intensive and extensive trade margins reveals that the adjustment occurred to a greater extent on the intensive than on the extensive trade margin. In other words, the adjustment process entailed relatively larger changes in average exports per firm than in the number of exporting firms. It is likely much easier to alter existing export levels than to, first, eliminate all exports by a firm and, second, either restart exports by this firm or become a new entrant into exporting. The bottom line is that the U.S. export sector weathered the challenges associated with the global recession and financial crisis quite well. The fact that relatively large firms dominate U.S. exports likely contributes to the resiliency of the U.S. export sector.
Women's secure hospital services: national bed numbers and distribution

A mapping exercise as part of a pathway study of women in secure psychiatric services in the England and Wales was conducted. It aimed to (i) establish the extent and range of secure service provision for women nationally and (ii) establish the present and future care needs and pathways of care of women mentally disordered offenders (MDO) currently in low, medium and enhanced medium secure care. The study identified 589 medium secure beds, 46 enhanced medium secure beds (WEMSS) and 990 low secure beds for women nationally. Of the 589 medium secure beds, the majority (309, 52%) are in the NHS and under half (280, 48%) are in the independent sector (IS). The distribution of low secure beds is in the opposite direction, the majority (745, 75%) being in the IS and 254 (25%) in the NHS. Medium secure provision for women has grown over the past decade, but comparative data for low secure provision are not available. Most women are now in single sex facilities although a small number of mixed sex units remain. The findings have implications for the future commissioning of secure services for women.
Statistical analysis of positioning error distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks

In a recent contribution [1], we have provided a comparative analysis of various optimization algorithms, which can be used for atomic location estimation, and suggested an enhanced version of the steepest descent (ESD) algorithm, which we have shown (with preliminary results) to be competitive with some other distributed localization algorithms in terms of estimation accuracy and numerical complexity. Moreover, we have conducted a statistical characterization of the position error distribution, by showing that it can be well approximated by the family of Pearson distributions. In this contribution, we first analyze with further detail the proposed ESD algorithm, and then show that the knowledge of the position error distribution may be efficiently used to speed-up the analysis of iterative-based positioning algorithms by avoiding the need of simulating the whole location discovery algorithm, and allowing simulation at the atomic level only. In particular, we will report some numerical results showing that the two approaches i) running the whole positioning algorithm when having at its input ranging errors, and ii) running the localization algorithm at the atomic level when having at its input ranging and positioning errors, provide the same results, with the latter approach having the additional positive feature to be simpler to be implemented. The proposed strategy may be efficiently used for analysis and optimization of various network settings.
Self-esteem: Its mediating effects on the relationship between discrimination at work and employee organisation commitment and turn-over intention

This study examined self-esteem as a mediator of the relationship between perceived discrimination, employee intentions to quit, and affective organisation commitment. A convenience sample of 414 South African employees were participants (female = 44.9%; black = 42.3%; 38.2% between the age of 26 and 35). Of the participants, 72.7% were from the private sector. The employees completed measures of self-esteem, perceived discrimination, and affective organisation commitment. We utilised Structural Equation Modelling to determine the direct and indirect effects of self-esteem on employee attitudes, affective organisation commitment, and intentions to quit. Findings indicate that high self-esteem scores predict affective organisation commitment by ameliorating a sense of work-place discrimination. This is influenced by race, ethnicity, and gender. By contrast, low self-esteem scores predicted high intensions to quit due to perceived work-place discrimination. As such, high self-esteem is important for the reduction of the perceived work-place discrimination effects on affective organisation commitment and for job retention among workers of a society with a history of race-based civil strife.
Mitofusin-2 Independent Juxtaposition of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria: An Ultrastructural Study

Besides its role in controlling the morphology of mitochondria, mitofusin-2 has been proposed to tether mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), based largely on light microscopic analysis. In this study we have examined by electron microscopy the organization of ER and mitochondria in cells expressing or not mitofusin-2. Contrary to previous studies, we observed that loss of mitofusin-2 increased ER-mitochondria juxtaposition. These results suggest that mitofusin-2 does not play a critical role in the juxtapostion of ER and mitochondria, and highlight the essential role of ultrastructural analysis to visualize and measure contact between two intracellular compartments.
A joint source-channel coding scheme for transmission of correlated discrete sources over a Gaussian Multiple Access Channel

We consider the problem of transmission of correlated discrete alphabet sources over a Gaussian multiple access channel (GMAC). A distributed bit-to-Gaussian mapping is proposed which yields jointly Gaussian codewords. This can guarantee lossless transmission or lossy transmission with given distortions, if possible. The technique can be extended to the system with side information at the encoders and decoder.
Combined Hermite spectral-finite difference method for the Fokker-Planck equation

The convergence of a class of combined spectral-finite difference methods using Hermite basis, applied to the Fokker-Planck equation, is studied. It is shown that the Hermite based spectral methods are convergent with spectral accuracy in weighted Sobolev space. Numerical results indicating the spectral convergence rate are presented. A velocity scaling factor is used in the Hermite basis and is shown to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the Hermite spectral approximation, with no increase in workload. Some basic analysis for the selection of the scaling factors is also presented.
Warm Core Structure of Hurricane Erin Diagnosed from High Altitude Dropsondes during CAMEX-4

Abstract A combination of multiaircraft and several satellite sensors were used to examine the core of Hurricane Erin on 10 September 2001, as part of the Fourth Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-4) program. During the first set of aircraft passes, around 1700 UTC, Erin was still at its maximum intensity with a central pressure of 969 hPa and wind speed of 105 kt (54 m s−1). The storm was moving slowly northwestward at 4 m s−1, over an increasingly colder sea surface. Three instrumented aircraft, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) P3 with radar, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ER-2 at 19 km, newly equipped with GPS dropwindsondes, and the NASA DC-8 with dropwindsondes flew in formation across the eye at about 1700 UTC and again 2.5 h later around 1930 UTC. The storm had weakened by 13 m s−1 between the first and second eye penetrations. The warm core had a maximum temperature anomaly of only 11°C, located at 500 hPa, much weaker and lower than activ.