Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coaches' views of mental toughness and how it is built

The purpose of the present study was to explore coaches' perceptions of mental toughness attributes as well as the strategies used to build mental toughness. Participants were 10 National Collegiate Athletic Association head coaches from a variety of sports. In-depth interviews were conducted using standard qualitative methodology and content analyzed by three researchers. Based on raw data responses, lower and then higher-order themes were developed to capture the main ideas of mental toughness discussed by coaches. Regarding mental toughness attributes, psychological skills, motivation to succeed, and resilience emerged as higher-order themes, indicating some overlapping themes with previous studies exploring attributes from athletes' perspectives. Creating a tough physical practice environment, a positive mental environment, and providing mental toughness learning opportunities were themes that emerged as strategies coaches used to build mentally tough athletes. Findings are discussed in reference to previous literature on mental toughness and the psychology of excellence.
Holistic Schema Matching for Web Query Interface

One significant part of today’s Web is Web databases, which can dynamically provide information in response to user queries. To help users submit queries to and collect query results from different Web databases, the query interface matching problem needs to be addressed. To solve this problem, we propose a new complex schema matching approach, Holistic Schema Matching (HSM). By examining the query interfaces of real Web databases, we observe that attribute matchings can be discovered from attribute-occurrence patterns. For example,First Name often appears together with Last Name while it is rarely co-present withAuthor in the Books domain. Thus, we design a count-based greedy algorithm to identify which attributes are more likely to be matched in the query interfaces. In particular, HSM can identify both simple matchingand complex matching , where the former refers to 1:1 matching between attributes and the latter refers to 1:n or m:n matching between attributes. Our experiments show that HSM can discover both simple and complex matchings accurately and efficiently on real data sets.
Psychological and deontic concepts: Separate domains or intimate connection?

Despite recent research showing that children rapidly interpret human action in terms of intention, a long tradition of empirical research on moral development and recent conceptual analyses of the deontic domain suggest that children do not apply their understanding of intention to the deontic domain. However, two experiments are described showing that children do make that connection. Preschool children heard stories in which a protagonist was obliged to meet a particular condition if an action was to be taken (e.g. obliged to wear a coat if playing outside). When shown four pictures depicting each possible combination of: (1) the protagonist either performing the action or not, and (2) deliberately or accidentally failing to meet the obligation, children appropriately identified the protagonist as naughty when he or she was depicted as deliberately not meeting the obligation while performing the action. The findings proved to be robust across two different cultural settings. Implications for research on children’s developing theory of mind and their understanding of deontic concepts are discussed.
Gender Differences for Constructed-Response Mathematics Items

The present study explored gender differences in answers to constructed-response mathematics items. Features relevant and irrelevant to the scoring rubric but possibly related to gender differences were identified by a content expert after a review of the literature. Raters were trained to score the identified features for approximately 500 papers evenly divided across two grade levels and between genders. The papers rated for these features had holistic scores assigned by local teachers using a state-provided rubric. The relationship between these holistic scores, studied features, objective scores, and gender differences was explored through standardized mean differences, correlations, and covariance analyses. The results indicate that rubric-relevant variables were highly predictive of holistic scores and accounted for some of the gender differences, especially at seventh grade. However, the possibly rubric-irrelevant feature of number of words written was statistically significant even when the rubric-relevant features were controlled.
Diagnostic accuracy of bronchodilator responsiveness in wheezy children

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of bronchodilator responsiveness for asthma in 5–10 year old children. Methods: Spirometric measurements were made in 142 children (58 wheezers) before and after 400 μg inhaled salbutamol. Results: On a receiver operating characteristic curve, a 9% increase in predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second was the cut off point that provided an acceptable balance of sensitivity and specificity for previous wheeze. This figure was 50% (95% CI 38 to 62) sensitive and 86% (95% CI 78 to 92) specific for detecting previous wheeze and multiplied the initial odds in favour of wheeze by a factor of 3.6 (95% CI 2.0 to 6.3). Discussion: With an estimated pretest probability of wheeze of 10% in the community and 50% in a specialist clinic, the positive predictive values are 29% and 78%, respectively, for a 9% change. The value of bronchodilator responsiveness testing depends on the prevalence of wheeze in the population in which it is to be used.
A nanosyntactic analysis of Afrikaans passive participles

Abstract Researchers most commonly adopt a ternary mode of classification when examining passive participles, in which the i) target state passive, ii) the resultant state passive, and iii) the eventive passive are identified. These participles can be distinguished from one another on the grounds of various diagnostic tests. This article examines two recent arguments for an alternative mode of classification: Lundquist (2008) argues for a binary classificatory system which groups the resultant and the eventive passives together; Sleeman (2011) argues for a quaternary classificatory system in which the eventive passive is further divided according to whether the participle in predicative or attributive. It is argued in this article that a ternary mode of classification should be maintained, and an analysis of the internal (sub-word level) structure of the passive participle is proposed within the framework of nanosyntax (NS). The proposed analysis accounts for the empirical observations regarding the passive participle, while still maintaining a more parsimonious classificatory system.
A novel fully differential biopotential amplifier with DC suppression

Fully differential amplifiers yield large differential gains and also high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR), provided they do not include any unmatched grounded component. In biopotential measurements, however, the admissible gain of amplification stages located before dc suppression is usually limited by electrode offset voltage, which can saturate amplifier outputs. The standard solution is to first convert the differential input voltage to a single-ended voltage and then implement any other required functions, such as dc suppression and dc level restoring. This approach, however, yields a limited CMRR and may result in a relatively large equivalent input noise. This paper describes a novel fully differential biopotential amplifier based on a fully differential dc-suppression circuit that does not rely on any matched passive components, yet provides large CMRR and fast recovery from dc level transients. The proposed solution is particularly convenient for low supply voltage systems. An example implementation, based on standard low-power op amps and a single 5-V power supply, accepts input offset voltages up to /spl plusmn/500 mV, yields a CMRR of 102dB at 50 Hz, and provides, in accordance with the AAMI EC38 standard, a reset behavior for recovering from overloads or artifacts.
Direct Invasion of the Optic Nerves, Chiasm, and Tracts by Cryptococcus neoformans in an Immunocompetent Host

Cryptococcus spp is a common fungal infection and frequent cause of meningitis in immunocompromised patients; however, immunocompetent patients are also at risk of infection. Visual loss often occurs via elevated intracranial hypertension but can rarely occur through direct optic nerve, chiasm, or tract invasion. We report a case of a 38-year-old woman who presented with decreased acuity in both eyes. She had generalized visual field constriction in the right eye and temporal hemianopsia in the left eye. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbits showed multiple areas of ill-defined enhancement in the optic chiasm and tracts as well as in the diaphragmatic sella, prepontine and interpeduncular cisterns, and along cranial nerves VI, VII, and VIII bilaterally. Initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed 34 white blood cells, hypoglycorrhachia, and negative cryptococcal antigen and bacterial and fungal cultures. A transphenoidal biopsy of the dura and pituitary gland was unremarkable. Empiric steroids resulted in marked improvement in visual acuity in both eyes, but while tapering steroids, she developed rapid visual loss bilaterally. Repeat CSF performed 6 weeks later demonstrated a cryptococcal antigen titer of 1:512. Retroactive staining of the pituitary biopsy was positive for mucicarmine, a component of the polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus spp. After induction therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine and 1 year of fluconazole, her visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. In summary, Cryptococcus can affect immunocompetent patients and often presents with insidious, chronic meningitis. Visual loss is common in cryptococcal meningitis but usually results from fulminant papilledema related to elevated intracranial pressure. In rare cases, direct nerve or chiasm infiltration by the fungus results in vision loss.
Chapter 3: Instructional Approaches to Reading Comprehension

Learning to read is a foundation for literacy and a gateway to education. Because it is an important objective for elementary education, the methods and materials used to teach students to read are continuously reevaluated. It is important to recognize that many people with diverse agendas and criteria for evaluation examine reading instruction. Sometimes they reach different conclusions and argue for divergent types of reform. Teachers want pragmatic methods of instruction, researchers want particular skills taught, parents want evidence of high achievement, and publishers want to make a profit. Many voices compete for attention wherever decisions about reading instruction are made. Why are American educators so concerned with evaluating and reforming reading instruction? Several forces are at work. First, Americans are dissatisfied with their children's academic achievement. National reports (e.g., the National Commission's Nation at Risk, 1983), surveys (e.g., National Assessment of Educational Progress, 1981), and international comparisons (e.g., Stevenson, Stigler, Lucker, Lee, Hsu, & Kitamura, 1982) have revealed that many American schoolchildren have not learned to read very well. Second, studies of teachers and current reading materials have revealed that essential skills of reading are often not taught to students (Anderson, Osborn, & Tierney, 1984). Third, research during the past 20 years in reading, cognitive psychology, linguistics, and child development has provided tremen-
State and Disturbance Estimator for Time-Delay Systems With Application to Fault Estimation and Signal Compensation

For a state-space time-delay system with linearly coupled input and output disturbances, a simultaneous state and disturbance estimation technique is developed. For a nonlinear state-space time-delay system with dependent input and output disturbances, a nonlinear estimator is also proposed to estimate system state and disturbance at the same time. The proposed estimator techniques are applied next to estimate system state and fault signal. Via actuator and/or sensor signal compensation, a simple and efficient fault-tolerant operation can be realized. In the developed design, no limitations and prior knowledge are required on the considered faults. Moreover, identical actuator and/or sensor switches and control gain reconstruction are not necessary. Therefore, the proposed estimation and fault-tolerant scheme is economical and convenient in practical applications. After that, the design techniques are extended to the case of systems with a class of uncoupled input and output faults. Examples and simulations given show excellent signal estimation and fault-tolerant performance.
Characterizing Perfluorooctanoate in Ambient Air near the Fence Line of a Manufacturing Facility: Comparing Modeled and Monitored Values

Abstract In order to improve our understanding of the nature, measurement and prediction of salts of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in air, two studies were performed along the fence line of a fluoropolymer manufacturing facility. First, a six–event, 24–hr monitoring series was performed around the fence line using the OSHA versatile sampler (OVS) system. Perfluorooctanoate concentrations were determined as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) via liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Those data indicated that the majority of the PFOA was present as a particulate. No vapor–phase PFOA was detected above a detection limit of approximately 0.07 μg/m3. A follow–up study using a high–volume cascade impactor verified the range of concentrations observed in the OVS data. Both studies aligned with the major transport direction and range of concentrations predicted by an air dispersion model, demonstrating that model predictions agreed with monitoring results. Results from both monitoring methods and predictions from air dispersion modeling showed the primary direction of transport for PFOA was in the prevailing wind direction. The PFOA concentration measured at the site fence over the 10–week sampling period ranged from 0.12 to 0.9 μg/m3. Modeled predictions for the same time period ranged from 0.12 to 3.84 μg/m3. Less than 6% of the particles were larger than 4 μm in size, while almost 60% of the particles were below 0.3 μm. These studies are believed to be the first published ambient air data for PFOA in the environment surrounding a manufacturing facility.
Parallel Transposition of Sparse Data Structures

Many applications in computational sciences and social sciences exploit sparsity and connectivity of acquired data. Even though many parallel sparse primitives such as sparse matrix-vector (SpMV) multiplication have been extensively studied, some other important building blocks, e.g., parallel transposition for sparse matrices and graphs, have not received the attention they deserve. In this paper, we first identify that the transposition operation can be a bottleneck of some fundamental sparse matrix and graph algorithms. Then, we revisit the performance and scalability of parallel transposition approaches on x86-based multi-core and many-core processors. Based on the insights obtained, we propose two new parallel transposition algorithms: ScanTrans and MergeTrans. The experimental results show that our ScanTrans method achieves an average of 2.8-fold (up to 6.2-fold) speedup over the parallel transposition in the latest vendor-supplied library on an Intel multi-core CPU platform, and the MergeTrans approach achieves on average of 3.4-fold (up to 11.7-fold) speedup on an Intel Xeon Phi many-core processor.
Intensification, Extension and Complexity of Teachers' Workload

Teachers in Tasmania, Australia, gave accounts of their experience of increased workload in the 10 years between 1984 and 1994. They reported working longer hours, teaching more students and having increased professional, pastoral and administrative duties. The reasons for this increased workload include: (1) less money being spent on education; (2) changes in student assessment from a norm basis to a criterion basis; (3) a change in the administrative structure within the state colleges in which most respondents teach; (4) a change in the student population. The result, they reported, was that their workload was both increased and extended (intensified), leading to a much more complex workplace. Significantly, complexity was also produced by the attempt of teachers to maintain their professional commitment while adapting to the economic rationalist policies of administrators. However, loss of teachers through redundancy, stress and a move to part-time work has meant that those teachers remaining have had to rationalise their work and reduce their professional commitment.
An Incidental Teaching Approach to Early Intervention for Toddlers with Autism

In an effort to move incidental teaching research to practical applications for toddlers with autism, a comprehensive early intervention model was developed for use in the natural environments of a childcare center and children's homes. Based on the premise that social readiness will best be achieved by providing early social learning opportunities, the center based component of the model targets the developmental needs of an inclusive group of children with and without autism. The home based component involves parents of children with autism as key participants in their children's learning and prepares them to be effective advocates in their children's futures. The curriculum addresses what it is that toddlers need to learn, what environmental arrangements provide the most powerful teaching opportunities, and how teachers and parents can most effectively teach children to progress at their optimum pace. Outcome data are presented that documents an impact on the language and social behavior of participating toddlers with autism. Two of the more controversial Walden curriculum components are discussed. Current impediments to system change are considered in the hope that appropriate and effective early intervention may become available to all children with autism.
Manganese Neurotoxicity: Lessons Learned from Longitudinal Studies in Nonhuman Primates

Background Exposure to excess levels of the essential trace element manganese produces cognitive, psychiatric, and motor abnormalities. The understanding of Mn neurotoxicology is heavily governed by pathologic and neurochemical observations derived from rodent studies that often employ acute Mn exposures. The comparatively sparse studies incorporating in vivo neuroimaging in nonhuman primates provide invaluable insights on the effects of Mn on brain chemistry. Objectives The purpose of this review is to discuss important aspects of Mn neurotoxicology and to synthesize recent findings from one of the largest cohorts of nonhuman primates used to study the neurologic effects of chronic Mn exposure. Discussion We reviewed our recent in vivo and ex vivo studies that have significantly advanced the understanding of Mn-induced neurotoxicity. In those studies, we administered weekly doses of 3.3–5.0 (n = 4), 5.0–6.7 (n = 5), or 8.3–10.0 mg Mn/kg (n = 3) for 7–59 weeks to cynomolgus macaque monkeys. Animals expressed subtle deficits in cognition and motor function and decreases in the N-acetylaspartate-to-creatine ratio in the parietal cortex measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy reflective of neuronal dysfunction. Impaired striatal dopamine release measured by positron emission tomography was observed in the absence of changes in markers of dopamine neuron degeneration. Neuropathology indicated decreased glutamine synthetase expression in the globus pallidus with otherwise normal markers of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Increased amyloid beta (A4) precursor-like protein 1 gene expression with multiple markers of neurodegeneration and glial cell activation was observed in the frontal cortex. Conclusions These findings provide new information on mechanisms by which Mn affects behavior, neurotransmitter function, and neuropathology in nonhuman primates.
Connecting protein structure with predictions of regulatory sites

A common task posed by microarray experiments is to infer the binding site preferences for a known transcription factor from a collection of genes that it regulates and to ascertain whether the factor acts alone or in a complex. The converse problem can also be posed: Given a collection of binding sites, can the regulatory factor or complex of factors be inferred? Both tasks are substantially facilitated by using relatively simple homology models for protein–DNA interactions, as well as the rapidly expanding protein structure database. For budding yeast, we are able to construct reliable structural models for 67 transcription factors and with them redetermine factor binding sites by using a Bayesian Gibbs sampling algorithm and an extensive protein localization data set. For 49 factors in common with a prior analysis of this data set (based largely on phylogenetic conservation), we find that half of the previously predicted binding motifs are in need of some revision. We also solve the inverse problem of ascertaining the factors from the binding sites by assigning a correct protein fold to 25 of the 49 cases from a previous study. Our approach is easily extended to other organisms, including higher eukaryotes. Our study highlights the utility of enlarging current structural genomics projects that exhaustively sample fold structure space to include all factors with significantly different DNA-binding specificities.
English in the French workplace: realism and anxieties

: The adoption of English as a corporate language in an increasingly large number of French companies has provoked various reactions ranging from enthusiastic embrace to strong rejection based on anxiety and cultural protectionism. This paper is an attempt to understand these reactions based on a stratified study of the extent to which English has taken root in the French workplace. Results point to a real “English divide” between educated and less educated groups, and between upper management and shop floor workers. While most employees are willing to adopt English to facilitate international trade, they reject the top-down imposition of English that often leads to exclusion and various forms of de-skilling. The paper proposes a model that allows different levels of proficiency to coexist in such a way as to attenuate the perverse effects on power relationships that the adoption of English sometimes results in.
Sensor Node Activation Policies using Partial or No Information

A rechargeable sensor network with redundant node deployment is considered. By redundancy we mean that at any point in time the system utility need not be a linear function of the number of nodes actually taking part in sensing/transmission job. Assuming that any given node can be in either of the three states a) active, b) passive and c) ready with some given dynamics of transitions between these states, we address the problem of optimally activating some of the existing ready nodes. Our results show optimality of threshold based activation policy for a broad class of utility function and state dynamics. We also provide a closed form expression for the threshold. A sub-optimal static parameter setting scheme is also proposed in which each node decides on activating itself randomly over time.