Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Topology Control in Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks

The opening of under-utilized spectrum creates the opportunity of substantial performance improvement through cognitive radio techniques. However, the real network performance may be limited since unlicensed users must vacate and switch to other available spectrum if the current spectrum is reclaimed by the licensed (primary) users. During spectrum switching, network partitions may occur since multiple links may be affected if they use the channel reclaimed by the primary users. In this paper, we address this problem through robust topology control, where channels are assigned to minimize channel interference while maintaining network connectivity when primary users appear. The problem is proved to be NP-hard and a sufficient condition for a robust channel assignment is derived. To solve this problem, we first propose centralized algorithms which can reduce the channel interference while satisfying the robustness constraints. Moreover, we derive its performance bound on channel interference and its computational overhead through theoretical analysis. Then, we propose distributed algorithms based on channel hopping techniques, and prove their correctness. Simulation results show that our solutions outperform existing interference-aware approaches substantially when primary users appear and achieve similar performance at other times.
VIOLENCE AND WARFARE IN THE PRE-CONTACT CAROLINE ISLANDS

The Caroline Islands represent a particularly interesting case for the study of social phenomena in indigenous cultures. The relative levels of violence on and between the Caroline Islands, is examined. The author divides violence into two types: interpersonal violence and warfare. The author concludes that the highly constrained ecosystems of the small atolls of the Carolines, along with their close proximity and the resident's voyaging skills, led to violent competition for land. Conflict within the society was suppressed if for no other reason than the necessity of maintaining a viable population.
The relationships between parenting stress, growth, and development in infants with congenital heart defects during the first six months of life

The stress experienced by parents at the time of diagnosis and hospitalization for their infant’s congenital heart defect (CHD) is well recognized by healthcare professionals. Increased parenting stress has been negatively correlated with development in low birthweight infants. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the parenting stress as experienced by parents of infants with CHD during their first six months of life. In addition, the relationship between parenting stress and the growth and development of infants with CHD was explored. Due to the transactional nature of mother-infant interaction, both directions of this relationship were examined, the factors of parenting stress predictive of growth and development and the factors of growth and development predictive of parenting stress. The change in stress over time was also evaluated. From a larger parent study examining feeding and energy balance in infants with CHD during their first year of life, 60 mother-infant dyads with complete data were selected. Thirty-five of these infants had a CHD (11 with single ventricle [SV] physiology) and 25 were healthy controls. Mothers completed infant temperament questionnaires and the Parenting Stress Index at 3 and 6 months, growth was also measured at these time points, and development was measured at 6 months utilizing the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II. There were marked differences between subjects and controls; however, infants with SV physiology were found to bear an unequal share of adverse outcomes for infant temperament, parenting stress, and growth. Parenting stress correlated with and predicted growth and development. Growth and development however, did not predict parenting stress. It was predicted by temperament characteristics that comprise the “difficult” child constellation. Parenting stress decreased over time for all three groups. These original findings support the incorporation of parenting stress as a psychosocial variable in the exploration of biological phenomena such as infant growth and development. The importance of anticipatory guidance for parents of infants with SV physiology is stressed as well as the continued investigation of dyads to determine if the reported relationships in the first 6 months existed throughout the first year of life. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Nursing First Advisor Barbara Medoff-Cooper Second Advisor Martha A. Q. Curley This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/74 Third Advisor Janet A. Deatrick
Obsessive control and challenging tests. Experimental studies on neurobiological mechanisms in the pathogenesis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder

In this thesis several neurobiological oriented studies on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are described. Two pharmacological challenge studies have been performed investigating serotonin-2 and cholecystokinin-B receptor functioning in OCD. No direct relationship between these receptors and OCD symptoms was found. However, an enhanced susceptibility for the panic inducing properties of pentagastrin and an enhanced sensitivity of serotonin-2 receptors could be established in OCD patients compared with healthy controls. Two other studies were designed to investigate if inhibition processes in OCD are disturbed. In one study, using prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex and p50 suppression paradigms, no impairments in sensorimotor gating and sensory gating could be established. Thus, it is unlikely that a problem in diffuse gating of irrelevant stimuli is present in OCD. In another study, using a visuospatial priming task, deficits in cognitive inhibition were found in OCD patients. This finding gives support to the hypothesis that disturbances in cognitive inhibition might lead to an increase of intrusive thoughts coming into consciousness, which may cause a more deliberately suppression of these thoughts, with a counterproductive effect. No association with severity of symptoms was found, so the impairments are probably trait related. The last study was a randomized placebo-controlled trial, investigating the augmenting effect of D-cycloserine (DCS) added to exposure therapy. DCS has been proven to possess the capability to enhance or accelerate the extinction of conditioned fear in Pavlonian fear paradigms. The group of OCD patients (n=18) using single doses of DCS 1 h before the exposure sessions improved more than the placebo group (n=19), but the difference was not significant. However, the response percentages between the DCS group and the placebo group differed significantly and in the subgroup of ‘cleaning/contamination’ DCS usage led to an enhanced improvement. It was suggested that DCS might be preferably effective in patients with more anxiety related obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Future studies examining DCS in OCD with a greater amount of subjects are warranted.
MAL/MRTF-A controls migration of non-invasive cells by upregulation of cytoskeleton-associated proteins

Monomeric actin regulates gene expression through serum response factor (SRF) by inhibiting its transcriptional coactivator myocardin-related transcription factor (MAL/MRTF). Many affected genes encode cytoskeletal components. We have analysed the migratory effects of actin–MAL signalling and of new target genes in non-invasive highly adherent cells. Expression of active MAL impaired migration of both fibroblasts and epithelial cells, whereas dominant-negative constructs and partial knockdown of MAL/MRTF enhanced motility. Knockdown of three newly characterised G-actin-regulated MAL targets, integrin α5, plakophilin 2 (Pkp2) and FHL1, enhanced cell migration. All three were upregulated by external stimulation through actin–MAL–SRF signalling, and MAL and SRF were inducibly recruited to cis-regulatory elements of the integrin α5 and Pkp2 genes. Finally, the reduced migration of epithelial cells stably expressing MAL was partially reversed by knockdown of Pkp2 and FHL1. We conclude that the actin–MAL pathway promotes adhesive gene expression, including integrin α5, Pkp2 and FHL1, and that this is anti-motile for non-invasive cells harbouring high basal activity.
The 2‐Micron All‐Sky Survey galaxy angular power spectrum: probing the galaxy distribution to gigaparsec scales

We present an angular power spectrum analysis of the 2-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) full release extended source catalogue. The main sample used includes 518 576 galaxies below an extinction-corrected magnitude of K s = 13.5 and limited to |b| > 20°. The power spectrum results provide an estimate of the galaxy density fluctuations at extremely large scales, r? 1000 h -1 Mpc. We compare this with mock predictions constructed from the A cold dark matter (ACDM) Hubble Volume mock catalogue. At small scales, we find that the 2MASS C l is steeper than that for the Hubble Volume model. However, in the linear regime (l ≤ 30) there is good agreement between the two. We investigate in detail the effects of possible sources of systematic error. Converting linear power spectrum predictions for the form of the three-dimensional matter power spectrum, P(k), and assuming a flat CDM cosmology, a primordial n s = 1 spectrum and negligible neutrino mass, we perform fits to the galaxy angular power spectrum at large linear scales (l ≤ 30, corresponding to r? 50 h -1 Mpc). We obtain constraints on the galaxy power spectrum shape of Γ eff = 0.14 ± 0.02, in good agreement with previous estimates inferred at smaller scales. We also constrain the galaxy power spectrum normalization to (σ 8 b K ) 2 = 1.36 ± 0.1(1; in combination with previous constraints on σ 8 we infer a K,-band bias of b K = 1.39 ± 0.12. We are also able to provide weak constraints on Ω m h and Ω b /Ω m . These results are based on the usual assumption that the errors derived from the Hubble Volume mocks are applicable to all other models. If we instead assume that the error is proportional to the C l amplitude then the constraints weaken; for example it becomes more difficult to reject cosmologies with lower Γ eff .
College Quality and Young Adult Health Behaviors

Large literatures have shown important links between the quantity of completed education and health outcomes on one hand and the quality of schooling on a host of adult outcomes, such as wages, on the other hand. However, little research has been targeted to producing evidence of the link between school quality and health. The paper presents the first evidence in the literature on the potential short and intermediate term effects of attending a selective college on health behaviors during and following college attendance. Using a variety of empirical methods, this paper shows strong evidence that college quality reduces tobacco and marijuana use but has small and possibly positive effects on binge drinking. The effects on weight behaviors are suggestive of reduced weight, potentially through diet but not exercise change.
Colleges as Communities: Taking Research on Student Persistence Seriously

What would our colleges and universities look like if we took seriously the research on student persistence? What reforms in organization and pedagogy would we pursue if we used the findings on the impacts on college on students' persistence as a guide for our thinking? This paper argues that colleges and universities would be best served by reorganizing themselves in ways that promote greater educational community among students, faculty, and staff.
Degradation and regeneration analysis in mc-Si

The performance of mc-Si PERC solar cells can be significantly affected by LeTID. The underlying mechanism causing LeTID is still unknown. This work compares the degradation and regeneration behavior under illumination and elevated temperature of an industrial mc-Si PERC solar cell to differently processed minority charge carrier lifetime samples. A strong degradation and also regeneration can be observed on lifetime level. Degradation and regeneration are strongly influenced by the applied process steps, like gettering, temperature load and surface passivation method. Therefore, lifetime studies offer a valuable possibility to identify further parameters influencing LeTID.
Comparison of on-demand vs planned relaparotomy strategy in patients with severe peritonitis: a randomized trial.

CONTEXT In patients with severe secondary peritonitis, there are 2 surgical treatment strategies following an initial emergency laparotomy: planned relaparotomy and relaparotomy only when the patient's condition demands it ("on-demand"). The on-demand strategy may reduce mortality, morbidity, health care utilization, and costs. However, randomized trials have not been performed. OBJECTIVE To compare patient outcome, health care utilization, and costs of on-demand and planned relaparotomy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Randomized, nonblinded clinical trial at 2 academic and 5 regional teaching hospitals in the Netherlands from November 2001 through February 2005. Patients had severe secondary peritonitis and an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE-II) score of 11 or greater. INTERVENTION Random allocation to on-demand or planned relaparotomy strategy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point was death and/or peritonitis-related morbidity within a 12-month follow-up period. Secondary end points included health care utilization and costs. RESULTS A total of 232 patients (116 on-demand and 116 planned) were randomized. One patient in the on-demand group was excluded due to an operative diagnosis of pancreatitis and 3 in each group withdrew or were lost to follow-up. There was no significant difference in primary end point (57% on-demand [n = 64] vs 65% planned [n = 73]; P = .25) or in mortality alone (29% on-demand [n = 32] vs 36% planned [n = 41]; P = .22) or morbidity alone (40% on-demand [n = 32] vs 44% planned [n = 32]; P = .58). A total of 42% of the on-demand patients had a relaparotomy vs 94% of the planned relaparotomy group. A total of 31% of first relaparotomies were negative in the on-demand group vs 66% in the planned group (P <.001). Patients in the on-demand group had shorter median intensive care unit stays (7 vs 11 days; P = .001) and shorter median hospital stays (27 vs 35 days; P = .008). Direct medical costs per patient were reduced by 23% using the on-demand strategy. CONCLUSION Patients in the on-demand relaparotomy group did not have a significantly lower rate of death or major peritonitis-related morbidity compared with the planned relaparotomy group but did have a substantial reduction in relaparotomies, health care utilization, and medical costs. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN51729393.
Looking at the Fundamental Plane through a Gravitational Lens

We consider the fundamental plane of elliptical galaxies lensed by the gravitational field of a massive deflector (typically, a cluster of galaxies). We show that the fundamental plane relation provides a straightforward measurement of the projected mass distribution of the lens with a typical accuracy of ≈0.15 in the dimensionless column density κ. The proposed technique breaks the mass-sheet degeneracy completely and is thus expected to serve as an important complement to other lensing-based analyses. Moreover, its ability to directly measure the mass distribution on the small pencil beams that characterize the size of background galaxies may lead to crucial tests for current scenarios of structure formation.
Preferences and skills : four studies into unobserved human nature and its implications

This thesis contains four studies of generally unobservable skills and preferences of relevance to economic behaviour. The first chapter examines the validity of the assumption of equal latent ability among monozygotic twins. An influential literature has employed the schooling decisions of twins to estimate returns to schooling. Using a unique dataset including IQ test scores, income and two measures of schooling for 1780 monozygotic twins, within-pair differences in measured IQ are found to be a significant predictor of both income and schooling differences. In the second chapter, the effect of general cognitive ability on proposer and responder behaviour in the ultimatum game is examined, using a large and representative sample of 895 individuals. No effects are found on proposer behaviour, and only small, but statistically significant, effects are found on responder behaviour. In the third chapter, a sample of almost 30,000 mono- and dizygotic twins is used to study the heritability of financial risk-taking. Investment decisions made by virtually all Swedish adults regarding mandatory pension savings are taken as a field experiment to infer risk preferences. Standard techniques from behaviour genetics are used to partition variation in risk-taking into environmental and genetic components. The results suggest that genetic variation is an important source of individual heterogeneity in financial risk-taking and that the frequently reported parent-child associations in attitudes toward risk are, at least in part, genetically mediated. In the fourth and final chapter, the robustness of recent results indicating a large role for genes in determining variation in the propensity for self-employment is examined empirically using a novel dataset, and a large but imprecisely estimated difference between women and men is found.
Gaze and Mutual Gaze

One of the first psychologists to investigate experimentally the role of gaze in human behaviour was Michael Argyle. In 1963 he set up a research group at Oxford with Ted Crossman and Adam Kendon, to study non-verbal communication in human social interaction, which included gaze as an important aspect of this behaviour. Shortly afterwards, Mark Cook joined this group which was funded until 1975, during which time considerable research on gaze had been carried out both at Oxford and elsewhere. This book summarises much of the work done in this field up until that time.
What Is Wrong with Typological Thinking?*

What, if anything, is wrong with typological thinking? The question is important, for some evolutionary developmental biologists appear to espouse a form of typology. I isolate four allegations that have been brought against it. They include the claim that typological thinking is mystical; the claim that typological thinking is at odds with the fact of evolution; the claim that typological thinking is committed to an objectionable metaphysical view, which Elliott Sober calls the ‘natural state model’; and finally the view (endorsed by Ron Amundson and Günter Wagner) that typological thinking—and specifically evolutionary developmental biology’s typological thinking—is committed to a peculiar form of causation that does not fit neatly into the causal models endorsed by population genetics. I argue that, properly understood, the typological thinking of evolutionary developmental biology does not run into any of these problems.
What Happens When Things Go Wrong: Women and Writing Blocks.

When I began writing this paper, I expected to have some difficulty. Like many people, I have a history of painful writing blocks. The odd thing about my blocks is that they haven't interfered with my journal writing, personal communication, administrative memos, lecturing, or other forms of teach ing. They have only come into play in my formal academic prose. Over the years, I have observed that I am not alone. Many of my undergraduate women students, in particular, tend to have far more difficul ties with and vocal misgivings about academic prose than my male students do. They are talented, motivated young women who write frequently in journals, who have exciting ideas, who explain themselves articulately when they talk and when they write informally in the first person. However, they freeze, balk, or resist when it comes to negotiating the challenges of academic prose. During a six-year period when I taught at the School of Interdisciplinary Studies at Miami University, I had the opportunity to watch a variety of male and female undergraduates as they blocked? and unblocked? on yearlong senior projects. In the Western Program (as it is called), students design their own majors after completing two years in a core curriculum; during their senior year, they complete an academic project in their area of focus. As coordinator (for two years) of the workshop that brought together all those working on senior projects, I was able to observe the seniors' progress and hear what they said about their work, both in formal workshops and individ ual conferences held over the course of the year. I collected drafts of work in progress, asked for self-reports at regular intervals, and administered a self report inventory at the end of the process. What I noted were visible differences between women and men students
Effect of Intensive Versus Standard Clinic-Based Hypertension Management on Ambulatory Blood Pressure: Results From the SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) Ambulatory Blood Pressure Study

The effect of clinic-based intensive hypertension treatment on ambulatory blood pressure (BP) is unknown. The goal of the SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) ambulatory BP ancillary study was to evaluate the effect of intensive versus standard clinic-based BP targets on ambulatory BP. Ambulatory BP was obtained within 3 weeks of the 27-month study visit in 897 SPRINT participants. Intensive treatment resulted in lower clinic systolic BP (mean difference between groups=16.0 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 14.1–17.8 mm Hg), nighttime systolic BP (mean difference=9.6 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 7.7–11.5 mm Hg), daytime systolic BP (mean difference=12.3 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 10.6–13.9 mm Hg), and 24-hour systolic BP (mean difference=11.2 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 9.7–12.8 mm Hg). The night/day systolic BP ratio was similar between the intensive (0.92±0.09) and standard-treatment groups (0.91±0.09). There was considerable lack of agreement within participants between clinic systolic BP and daytime ambulatory systolic BP with wide limits of agreement on Bland–Altman plots. In conclusion, targeting a systolic BP of <120 mm Hg, when compared with <140 mm Hg, resulted in lower nighttime, daytime, and 24-hour systolic BP, but did not change the night/day systolic BP ratio. Ambulatory BP monitoring may be required to assess the effect of targeted hypertension therapy on out of office BP. Further studies are needed to assess whether targeting hypertension therapy based on ambulatory BP improves clinical outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01835249.