Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The care of patients with ischaemic heart disease from a gender perspective.

In summary, there are gender and age differences in prevalence, prognosis and manifestation of cardiovascular disease, a phenomenon which has been known for a long time. Nevertheless, it is only since the end of the 1980s that this has been generally discussed and that research has been commenced with specific reference to female coronary artery disease, not only in Sweden but internationally as well. The reason for this gender difference is not known, but it has been suggested that women are cared for and treated differently. In recent years, reports have been received from different centres which indicate that there are gender differences in the use of diagnostic and therapeutic measures in cardiovascular disease. Because of this gender difference in prognosis, investigation and treatment, special measures need to be applied in the care of female cardiovascular patients. It is also very important that randomized studies include a sufficient number of women in order to be able to answer gender-specific questions. The good prognosis for women with angina shown in the Framingham study most likely reflected a high prevalence of women with chest pain originating from disease other than that affecting the coronary arteries. This created the impression that women tolerated angina better; thus, angina in women has been given less attention. It is likely that this has led to incorrect decisions concerning investigation and treatment alternatives, resulting in an inability to identify the high-risk woman in time. When she is finally admitted to proper care, she is older, has concomitant diseases and revascularization often has to be performed at an acute, unstable stage, which leads to higher mortality and morbidity in connection with the intervention. This phenomenon has been described as the so-called 'Yentl syndrome' i.e. a woman has to masquerade as a man in order to receive the same treatment. More medical research needs to be done on women's health to come to terms with this problem. Hitherto, major efforts have been made to obtain homogeneous groups in research studies, which is why there are lots of results containing data on middle-aged white men. Even in tests on rats the females are excluded. The results of studies performed exclusively on men cannot be generalized to apply to women without evidence that the results can be used safely and effectively on both sexes. Research on health problems that are common to both sexes must include both men and women, preferably of all ages. It is also important to point out that unnecessarily restrictive inclusion criteria diminish the ability to generalize the results. Moreover, the chance increases of being able to detect a difference in the effects of treatment in a population with an increased risk, such as the elderly and women with a high frequency of recurring coronary artery disease. There are sill many questions to be answered before we can treat women with coronary artery disease properly.
Oscillatory flow in a tube of time-dependent curvature . Part 1 . Perturbation to flow in a stationary curved tube

Motivated by the study of blood flow in the coronary arteries, this paper examines the flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid in a tube of time-dependent curvature. The flow is driven by an oscillatory pressure gradient with the same dimensionless frequency, α, as the curvature variation. The dimensionless governing parameters of the flow are α, the curvature ratio δ0, a secondary streaming Reynolds number Rs and a parameter Rt representing the time-dependence of curvature. We consider the parameter regime δ0 Rt 1 (Rs and α remain O(1) initially) in which the effect of introducing time-dependent curvature is to perturb the flow driven by an oscillatory pressure gradient in a fixed curved tube. Flows driven by lowand high-frequency pressure gradients are then considered. At low frequency (δ0 Rt α 1) the flow is determined by using a sequence of power series expansions (Rs = O(1)). At high frequency (δ0 Rt 1/α 1) the solution is obtained using matched asymptotic expansions for the region near the wall (Stokes layer) and the region away from the wall in the interior of the pipe. The behaviour of the flow in the interior is then determined at both small and intermediate values of Rs. For both the low and high frequency cases, we find the principal corrections introduced by the time-varying curvature to the primary and secondary flows, and hence to the wall shear stress. The physiological application to flow in the coronary arteries is discussed.
Influence of Transducer Focus Position and Signal Length in Backscatter Coefficient Measurement for Blood Mimicking Fluid

Backscatter coefficient is an important parameter to characterize material in medical field. But there exits no standard method in the measurement. In this article, based on immersion focused pulse-echo method, the influence of transducer focus position and selected signal length in backscatter coefficient measurement for BMF (Blood Mimicking Fluid) is investigated at different frequency points from 1MHz to 5MHz. Each result is obtained after processed by wavelet transform and averaging many times. Experiment results show that: 1) When the focus is located into the sample, the backscatter coefficient is slight bigger than the focus placed at the upper surface of the sample. 2) The backscatter coefficient result decrease slightly when the selected signal length increases obviously.
Coalescent analyses show isolation without migration in two closely related tropical orioles: the case of Icterus graduacauda and Icterus chrysater

The Isthmus of Tehuantepec has played an important role in shaping the avian diversity of Mexico, as well as the rest of the Western Hemisphere. It has been both a barrier and a land connector between North and South America for many groups of birds. Furthermore, climatic change over the Pleistocene has resulted in ecological fluctuations that led to periods of connection and isolation of the highlands in this area. Here we studied the divergence of two species of orioles whose distribution in the highlands is separated by the lowlands of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec: Icterus graduacauda (west of the Isthmus) and Icterus chrysater (east of the Isthmus). We sequenced multiple loci (one mitochondrial gene and six nuclear introns) and performed coalescent analyses (Isolation with Migration) to test whether their divergence resulted from prior occupancy of the ancestral area followed by a vicariant event or recent dispersal from one side or the other of this Isthmus. Results strongly indicate a vicariant event roughly 300,000 years ago in the Pleistocene followed by little or no gene flow. Both mitochondrial and nuclear genes show that the Isthmus of Tehuantepec is a strong barrier to gene flow. Thus, these two species appear to not exchange genes despite their recent divergence and the close geographic proximity of their ranges.
Problem Focused Coping as a Moderated between Extraversion Personality and Resilience on Adolescents Living in Orphanages

Adolescents who are left by parents due to passed away and underprivileged, and have to stay in an orphanage tend to experience psychological distress. This causes adolescents to experience sleeping difficulty/disorder, stress, and depression while in an orphanage. Problem focused coping is a method used by adolescents to solve problems so that it can help adolescents to survive under stress and stress conditions. This study purpose) to determine the effects of problem focused coping on extraversion personality and resilience on adolescent living in orphanages. The research in this study used quantitative method. Subjects in this study were adolescents who are living in orphanages and were aged between 12-18 years old. This study used instrument of Resilience Scale (RS), Big Five Inventory (BFI), and Coping Strategy Scale (COPE). The research was analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that extraversion personality has a positive effect on resilience. However, problem focused coping as moderation has a buffering effect on extraversion personality on resilience but still has potential.
Component Detection in Directed Networks

Community detection has been one of the fundamental problems in network analysis. Results from community detection (for example, grouping of products by latent category) can also serve as information nuggets to other business applications, such as product recommendation or taxonomy building. Because several real networks are naturally directed, e.g. World Wide Web, some recent studies proposed algorithms for detecting various types of communities in a directed network. However, few of them considered that nodes play two different roles, source and terminal, in a directed network. In this paper, we adopt a novel concept of communities, directional community, and propose a new algorithm based on Markov Clustering to detect directional communities. We then first compare our algorithm, Dual R-MCL, on synthetic networks with two recent algorithms also designed for detecting directional communities. We show that Dual R-MCL can detect directional communities with significantly higher accuracy and 3x to 25x faster than the two other algorithms. Second, we compare a set of directed network community detection algorithms on a one-day Twitter interaction network and demonstrate that Dual R-MCL can generate clusters more correctly matched to hashtags. Finally, we exhibit our algorithm's capacity to identify directional communities from product description networks, where nodes are otherwise not directly connected. Results indicate that directional communities exist in real networks, and Dual R-MCL can effectively detect these directional communities. We believe it will enable the discovery of interesting components in a diverse types of networks where existing methods cannot, and it manifests strong application values.
Econometric analysis of realised volatility and its use in estimating stochastic volatility models

The availability of intra-data on the prices of speculative assets means that we can use quadratic variation like measures of activity in financial markets, called realised volatility, to study the stochastic properties of returns. Here we derive the moments and the asymptotic distribution of the realised volatility error - the difference between realised volatility and the actual volatility. These properties can be used to allow us to estimate the parameters of stochastic volatility models.
Leaving an attacked group: Authoritative criticism decreases ingroup favoritism

Research suggests people try to protect their social self-esteem from threats from the ingroup or the outgroup. However, how members react to a threat to social self-esteem from a third party remains unclear. Three studies were conducted to examine the influence of a threat to social self-esteem from an authoritative third party on ingroup favoritism. We explored the effect of negative (versus positive) evaluation from the testing system on explicit and implicit ingroup favoritism in Study 1 and Study 2 respectively. We compared the effect of negative evaluation posed by the testing system or the competitive outgroup on ingroup favoritism in Study 3. Results suggested that individuals experiencing a threat to social self-esteem from an authoritative third party manifested less ingroup favoritism than those experiencing no threat or outgroup threat. The theoretical implications of this research on social identity theory and the practical implications of reducing intergroup bias are discussed.
Temporal trends and ethnic variations in asthma mortality in Singapore, 1976–1995

BACKGROUND A study was undertaken to examine temporal trends and ethnic differences in the asthma mortality rate in Singapore. METHODS Asthma mortality rates in Singapore were estimated from vital data for the years from 1976 to 1995. Trends in sex and age specific (5–14, 15–34, 35–59, 60+ years) rates were obtained for four periods (1976–80, 1981–85, 1986–90, 1991–95) and for Chinese, Malay, and Indian subjects for the years when these data were available (1989–95). RESULTS An increase in asthma mortality was observed in children aged 5–14 years from 0.21 per 100 000 person years in 1976–80 to 0.72 per 100 000 person years in 1991–95. No increases were noted in the other age groups but a small decrease was observed in the 1991–95 period for the 35–59 year age group. Marked ethnic differences in mortality rates were observed. In the group aged 5–34 years the asthma mortality rates were 0.5 per 100 000 in Chinese subjects, 1.3 per 100 000 in Indians, and 2.5 per 100 000 in Malay subjects. Similar 2–4 fold differences were observed in all other age groups. CONCLUSIONS Apart from genetic factors, environmental exposures and medical care factors which influence asthma prevalence and severity are most likely to be the causes of the observed temporal trends and ethnic differences in the asthma mortality rate in Singapore, but further studies are needed to elucidate these more fully.
A dynamical gluon mass solution in Mandelstam's approximation

We discuss the pure gauge Schwinger–Dyson equation for the gluon propagator in the Landau gauge within an approximation proposed by Mandelstam many years ago. We show that a dynamical gluon mass arises as a solution. This solution is obtained numerically in the full range of momenta that we have considered without the introduction of any ansatz or asymptotic expression in the infrared region. The vertex function that we use follows a prescription formulated by Cornwall to determine the existence of a dynamical gluon mass in the light cone gauge. The renormalization procedure differs from the one proposed by Mandelstam and allows for the possibility of a dynamical gluon mass. Some of the properties of this solution, such as its dependence on ΛQCD and its perturbative scaling behavior are also discussed.
Leading Edge Technologies in a Community College Library Setting: Identifying Disconnects of Academic Libraries and Their Users.

xi! CHAPTER 1 . 1! Background of the Problem.1! Purpose of Study.4! Research Questions.5! Significance of Study.6! Limitations.8! Summary.8! Organization of the Remainder of the Dissertation . 10! CHAPTER 2 . 11! Overview . 11! Community Colleges in the United States.12! History of Libraries . 17! The Changing Library . 21! Academic Library Web Sites.22! Rethinking College Physical Spaces . 26! Rethinking College Web Sites.29! Today’s College Students . 31! College Student’s Internet Use . 34! Social Networking Applications.36! College Web Site Usability Studies.37! Theoretical Models . 41! Summary.49!
Automorphisms and moduli spaces of varieties with ample canonical class via deformations of abelian covers

By a recent result of Viehweg, projective manifolds with ample canonical class have a coarse moduli space, which is a union of quasiprojective varieties.In this paper, we prove that there are manifolds with ample canonical class that lie on arbitrarily many irreducible components of the moduli; moreover, for any finite abelian group G there exist infinitely many components M of the moduli of varieties with ample canonical class such that the generic automorphism group GMis equal to G. In order to construct the examples, we use abelian covers. Let Y be a smooth complex projective variety of dimension ⋛ 2. A Galois cover f :X ↪ Y whose Galois group is finite and abelian is called an abelian cover of Y; by [Pal], it is determined by its building data, i.e. by the branch divisors and by some line bundles on Y, satisfying appropriate compatibility conditions. Natural deformations of an abelian cover are also introduced in [Pal]. In this paper we prove two results about abelian covers:first, that if the buildin.
Implementing an efficient part‐of‐speech tagger

An efficient implementation of a part‐of‐speech tagger for Swedish is described. The stochastic tagger uses a well‐established Markov model of the language. The tagger tags 92 per cent of unknown words correctly and up to 97 per cent of all words. Several implementation and optimization considerations are discussed. The main contribution of this paper is the thorough description of the tagging algorithm and the addition of a number of improvements. The paper contains enough detail for the reader to construct a tagger for his own language. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Structure Coefficients in Published Multiple Regression Articles: β is not Enough

The importance of interpreting structure coefficients throughout the General Linear Model (GLM) is widely accepted. However, regression researchers too infrequently consult regression structure coefficients to augment their interpretations. The authors reviewed articles published in the Journal of Applied Psychology to determine how interpretations might have differed if standardized regression coefficients and structure coefficients (or else bivariate rs of predictors with the criterion) had been interpreted. Some dramatic misinterpretations or incomplete interpretations are summarized. It is suggested that beta weights and structure coefficients (or else bivariate rs of predictors with the criterion) ought to be interpreted when noteworthy regression results have been isolated.
Banded About, Birmingham – evaluation

This research report presents the findings of the evaluation of a large music partnership project funded by the Department for Children, Schools and Families. The project involved partnerships between performers, secondary and primary schools, and instrumental tutors to provide opportunities for children and young people to participate in creative ensembles. The project was headed up by the CBSO and involved four other music organisations. Each organisation led a cluster of one secondary school and three primary schools. CPD was embedded within the project in the form of training days and a practitioners creative ensemble.
Epidemiological and clinical features of human coronavirus infections among different subsets of patients

Epidemiological and clinical data of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) infections are restricted to span 1–3 years at most. We conducted a comprehensive 9‐year study on HCoVs by analyzing 1137 respiratory samples from four subsets of patients (asymptomatic, general community, with comorbidities, and hospitalized) in São Paulo, Brazil.
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Activity in T Cells Regulates the Magnitude of the Germinal Center Reaction

The generation of high-affinity Abs is essential for immunity and requires collaboration between B and T cells within germinal centers (GCs). By using novel mouse models with a conditional deletion of the p110δ catalytic subunit of the PI3K pathway, we established that p110δ is required in T cells, but not in B cells, for the GC reaction. We found the formation of T follicular helper (TFH) cells to be critically dependent on p110δ in T cells. Furthermore, by deleting phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10, which opposes p110δ in activated T cells, we found a positive correlation between increased numbers of TFH cells and GC B cells. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that T cell help is the limiting factor in the GC reaction. P110δ was not required for the expression of B cell lymphoma 6, the downregulation of CCR7, or T cell entry into primary follicles. Instead, p110δ was the critical catalytic subunit for ICOS downstream signaling and the production of key TFH cytokines and effector molecules. Our findings support a model in which the magnitude of the GC reaction is controlled by the activity of the PI3K pathway in TFH cells.
Impaired Effective Cortical Connectivity in Vegetative State: Preliminary Investigation Using PET

Vegetative state (VS) is a condition of abolished awareness with persistence of arousal. Awareness is part of consciousness, which itself is thought to represent an emergent property of cerebral neural networks. Our hypothesis was that part of the neural correlate underlying VS is an altered connectivity, especially between the associative cortices. We assessed regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRGlu) and effective cortical connectivity in four patients in VS by means of statistical parametric mapping and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. Our data showed a common pattern of impaired rCMRGlu in the prefrontal, premotor, and parietotemporal association areas and posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus in VS. In a next step, we demonstrated that in VS patients various prefrontal and premotor areas have in common that they are less tightly connected with the posterior cingulate cortex than in normal controls. These results provide a strong argument for an alteration of cortical connectivity in VS patients.
Profit margins and business cycles in the Brazilian industry: a panel data study

The paper investigates the relationship between profit margins and business cycle in the Brazilian industry during the 1992–1998 period, taking as reference a dynamic panel data model founded around a conjectural variation framework. The empirical results indicate procyclical behaviour of profit margins for the aggregate business cycle but is less clear in the case of sector-specific business cycle variables. Among the most robust results, one can highlight the roles of lagged profitability and import intensity and the negligible role of union density. Schmalensee in 1985 (American Economic Review 75, pp. 341–51) outlined three theoretical interpretations associated with the empirical model (classical, revisionist and managerial). Econometric tests on the related restrictions do not allow one to exclusively legitimate any of the three interpretations.
Effective approaches to risk assessment in social work : an international literature review

This report offers an international review of the literature (including refereed journal articles, policy documents, books and commissioned reports) within predominantly English-speaking countries about risk assessment in social work. The literature review includes an analysis of key research, policy, previously undertaken literature reviews and other relevant documentation primarily in the UK, North America, Australia and New Zealand.
Catecholamine Synthesis is Mediated by Tyrosinase in the Absence of Tyrosine Hydroxylase

Catecholamine neurotransmitters are synthesized by hydroxylation of tyrosine to l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-Dopa) by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The elimination of TH in both pigmented and albino mice described here, like pigmented TH-null mice reported previously (Kobayashi et al., 1995; Zhou et al., 1995), demonstrates the unequivocal requirement for catecholamines during embryonic development. Although the lack of TH is fatal, TH-null embryos can be rescued by administration of catecholamine precursors to pregnant dams. Once born, TH-null pups can survive without further treatment until weaning. Given the relatively rapid half-life of catecholamines, we expected to find none in postnatal TH-null pups. Despite the fact that the TH-null pups lack TH and have not been supplemented with catecholamine precursers, catecholamines are readily detected in our pigmented line of TH-null mice by glyoxylic acid-induced histofluorescence at postnatal day 7 (P7) and P15 and quantitatively at P15 in sympathetically innervated peripheral organs, in sympathetic ganglia, in adrenal glands, and in brains. Between 2 and 22% of wild-type catecholamine concentrations are found in these tissues in mutant pigmented mice. To ascertain the source of the catecholamine, we examined postnatal TH-null albino mice that lack tyrosinase, another enzyme that converts tyrosine to l-Dopa but does so during melanin synthesis. In contrast to the pigmented TH-null mice, catecholamine histofluorescence is undetectable in postnatal albino mutants, and the catecholamine content of TH-null pups lacking tyrosinase is 18% or less than that of TH-null mice with tyrosinase. Thus, these extraordinary circumstances reveal that tyrosinase serves as an alternative pathway to supply catecholamines.