Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Latitude Galactic Dust Emission in the BOOMERANG Maps

We present millimeter-wave observations obtained by the BOOMERANG (Balloon Observations Of Millimetric Extragalactic Radiation ANd Geophysics) experiment of Galactic emission at intermediate and high (b < -20°) Galactic latitudes. We find that this emission is well correlated with extrapolated dust maps and is spectrally consistent with thermal emission from interstellar dust (ISD). The ISD brightness in the 410 GHz map has an angular power spectrum cl ~ l-β with 2 ≲ β ≲ 3. At 150 GHz and at multipoles l ~ 200, the angular power spectrum of the IRAS-correlated dust signal is estimated to be l(l + 1)cl/2π = 3.7 ± 2.9 μK2. This is negligible with respect to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) signal measured by the same experiment l(l + 1)cl/2π = 4700 ± 540 μK2. For the uncorrelated dust signal, we set an upper limit to the contribution to the CMB power at 150 GHz and l ~ 200 of l(l + 1)cl/2π < 3 μK 2 at 95% CL.
The Goals and Effects of Music Listening and Their Relationship to the Strength of Music Preference

Individual differences in the strength of music preference are among the most intricate psychological phenomena. While one person gets by very well without music, another person needs to listen to music every day and spends a lot of temporal and financial resources on listening to music, attending concerts, or buying concert tickets. Where do these differences come from? The hypothesis presented in this article is that the strength of music preference is mainly informed by the functions that music fulfills in people’s lives (e.g., to regulate emotions, moods, or physiological arousal; to promote self-awareness; to foster social relatedness). Data were collected with a diary study, in which 121 respondents documented the goals they tried to attain and the effects that actually occurred for up to 5 music-listening episodes per day for 10 successive days. As expected, listeners reporting more intense experience of the functional use of music in the past (1) had a stronger intention to listen to music to attain specific goals in specific situations and (2) showed a larger overall strength of music preference. It is concluded that the functional effectiveness of music listening should be incorporated in existing models and frameworks of music preference to produce better predictions of interindividual differences in the strength of music preference. The predictability of musical style/genre preferences is also discussed with regard to the present results.
Real output co-movements in East Asia: A cointegration approach

The East Asian region has experienced astonishing economic growth and was widely cited as an exemplar of sustained economic growth over the past few decades. Compared to the European experience, regional integration in East Asia has occurred in the absence of a formal institutional framework, and is more marketdriven. Such a trend towards spontaneous regional integration is a result of progressive outward orientation of individual economies’ trade and investment policies, and the unilateral liberalization of goods and capital markets. High degree of integration in the East Asian region would greatly shape the economic structure of each individual economy and has direct implications for the effectiveness of domestic stabilization policy and policy coordination. It is therefore the major objective of this paper to empirically examine the feasibility of forming a monetary union in East Asia by assessing the real output co-movements among these economies. As suggested by the optimum currency area theory (OCA) that losing monetary independence would be the major cost for adopting a common currency, it would be less costly for the economies to form a monetary union if the business cycles are synchronized across countries.
Protective Role of Programmed Death 1 Ligand 1 (PD-L1)in Nonobese Diabetic Mice

OBJECTIVE—Coinhibitory signals mediated via programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor play a critical role in downregulating immune responses and in maintaining peripheral tolerance. Programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), the interacting ligand for PD-1, widely expressed in many cell types, acts as a tissue-specific negative regulator of pathogenic T-cell responses. We investigated the protective potential of PD-L1 on autoimmune diabetes by transgenically overexpressing PD-L1 in pancreatic β-cells in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We established an insulin promoter–driven murine PD-L1 transgenic NOD mouse model to directly evaluate the protective effect of an organ-specific PD-L1 transgene against autoimmune diabetes. Transgene expression, insulitis, and diabetic incidence were characterized in these transgenic NOD mice. Lymphocyte development, Th1 cells, and regulatory T-cells were analyzed in these transgenic mice; and T-cell proliferation, adoptive transfer, and islet transplantation were performed to evaluate the PD-L1 transgene–mediated immune-protective mechanisms. RESULTS—The severity of insulitis in these transgenic mice is significantly decreased, disease onset is delayed, and the incidence of diabetes is markedly decreased compared with littermate controls. NOD/SCID mice that received lymphocytes from transgenic mice became diabetic at a slower rate than mice receiving control lymphocytes. Moreover, lymphocytes collected from recipients transferred by lymphocytes from transgenic mice revealed less proliferative potential than lymphocytes obtained from control recipients. Transgenic islets transplanted in diabetic recipients survived moderately longer than control islets. CONCLUSIONS—Our results demonstrate the protective potential of transgenic PD-L1 in autoimmune diabetes and illustrate its role in downregulating diabetogenic T-cells in NOD mice.
Diel and seasonal changes of biogenic volatile organic compounds within and above an Amazonian rainforest

Abstract. The Amazonian rainforest is a large tropical ecosystem, which is one of the last pristine continental terrains. This ecosystem is ideally located for the study of diel and seasonal behaviour of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in the absence of local human interference. In this study, we report the first atmospheric BVOC measurements at the Amazonian Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) site, located in central Amazonia. A quadrupole proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS), with seven ambient air inlets, positioned from near ground to about 80 m (0.05, 0.5, 4, 24, 38, 53 and 79 m above the forest floor), was deployed for BVOC monitoring. We report diel and seasonal (February–March 2013 as wet season and September 2013 as dry season) ambient mixing ratios for isoprene, monoterpenes, isoprene oxidation products, acetaldehyde, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methanol and acetonitrile. Clear diel and seasonal patterns were observed for all compounds. In general, lower mixing ratios were observed during night, while maximum mixing ratios were observed during the wet season (February–March 2013), with the peak in solar irradiation at 12:00 LT (local time) and during the dry season (September 2013) with the peak in temperature at 16:00 LT. Isoprene and monoterpene mixing ratios were the highest within the canopy with a median of 7.6 and 1 ppb, respectively (interquartile range (IQR) of 6.1 and 0.38 ppb) during the dry season (at 24 m, from 12:00 to 15:00 LT). The increased contribution of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) above the canopy indicated a transition from dominating forest emissions during the wet season (when mixing ratios were higher than within the canopy), to a blend of biogenic emission, photochemical production and advection during the dry season when mixing ratios were higher above the canopy. Our observations suggest strong seasonal interactions between environmental (insolation, temperature) and biological (phenology) drivers of leaf BVOC emissions and atmospheric chemistry. Considerable differences in the magnitude of BVOC mixing ratios, as compared to other reports of Amazonian BVOC, demonstrate the need for long-term observations at different sites and more standardized measurement procedures, in order to better characterize the natural exchange of BVOCs between the Amazonian rainforest and the atmosphere.
Disentangling Twitter’s Adoption and Use (Dis)Continuance: A Theoretical and Empirical Amalgamation of Uses and Gratifications and Diffusion of Innovations

Drawing on Uses and Gratifications (UG) Theory and Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DIT), this study aimed to augment an exploration of individual user needs based on UG constructs with an analysis of the material characteristics of the innovation based on DIT constructs to provide a comprehensive explanation of people‘s motivations underlying various Twitter usage levels and frequencies. Whereas previous literature on Social Network Sites (SNS) have explored individuals‘ motivations underlying initial adoption, the equally interesting and relevant question of use (dis-) continuance has so far been largely overlooked. To fill this void in the literature, this study compares active users that have continued to use Twitter and inactive users that initially adopted, yet discontinued usage of Twitter. This study provides insights into different usage levels and frequencies through an investigation of 1) users‘ perceptions of the medium, 2) users‘ expected outcomes associated with the medium‘s use, and 3) the role and effect of mobile access. An analysis of 130 surveys with Partial Least Squares (PLS) and R 2 partitioning revealed that an understanding of adoption and use (dis-) continuance of Twitter requires us to account for both user-related motivations (UG) and perceived characteristics of the medium (DIT), as combining UG and DIT increased explanatory power (R 2 ) for the overall sample. Furthermore, our findings showed that inactive users‘ initial adoption and subsequent discontinuance was solely impacted by user-related needs, (i.e. UG constructs), whereas active users‘ continued use was largely motivated by technology characteristics, (i.e. DIT constructs). Finally, our study revealed significant differences between active and inactive users in terms of the devices and platform used for accessing Twitter, with active users reporting a significantly higher use of mobile devices. Based on these findings, we discuss contributions and implications for future research and practice.
Exploring early self-referential memory effects through ownership.

The self-reference effect (SRE) is the reliable memory advantage for information encoded about self over material encoded about other people. The developmental pathway of the SRE has proved difficult to chart, because the standard SRE task is unsuitable for young children. The current inquiry was designed to address this issue using an ownership paradigm, as encoding objects in the context of self-ownership have been shown to elicit self-referential memory advantages in adults. Pairs of 4- to 6-year-old children (n = 64) sorted toy pictures into self- and other-owned sets. A surprise recognition memory test revealed a significant advantage for toys owned by self, which decreased with age. Neither verbal ability nor theory of mind attainment predicted the size of the memory advantage for self-owned items. This finding suggests that contrary to some previous reports, memory in early childhood can be shaped by the same self-referential biases that pervade adult cognition.
Soccer Ball Tracking Using Dynamic Kalman Filter with Velocity Control

In this paper, we propose the ball tracking methodthat is tracking the ball adaptively and robustly in thesoccer video. In the latest works, people have used theTypical Kalman Filter to track the ball. But when theball is disappearing due to the occlusion with players,Typical Kalman Filter has no choice but to make a poolprediction and especially if the player take the ball for along time, the error is produced much more. Toovercome these problems, we propose the DynamicKalman Filter algorithm. Dynamic Kalman Filterrobustly tracks a ball in the dynamic condition by usingplayer information and reduces the error in the situationof occlusion by controlling the velocity of the statevector. The experimental results show that proposedDynamic Kalman Filter shows better results than theTypical Kalman Filter and the Adaptive Kalman Filterthat is proposed to overcome occlusion problem in thevideo sequence.
Long-term stability of large insert genomic DNA episomal shuttle vectors in human cells.

We have constructed an episomal shuttle vector which can transfer large (>100 kb) human genomic DNA inserts back and forth between bacteria and human cells and which can be tracked in rapidly dividing human cells using a live cell assay. The vector (p5170) is based on the F factor-derived bacterial artificial chromosome cloning vector used in Escherichia coli, with the addition of the family of repeats element from the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent origin of replication. This element provides nuclear retention in cells expressing the EBV protein EBNA-1. We have subcloned a series of genomic DNA inserts into p5170 and transfected the constructs into an EBNA-1(+) human cell line. Episomal mitotic stability was quantitatively analysed using flow cytometry. The episomes were also tracked by time course photography of expanding colonies. A 117 kb episome was retained at approximately 2 copies/cell and could be shuttled unrearranged from the human cells into bacterial cells after 15 months of continuous cell growth. Furthermore, the episome could still be rescued from human cells cultured in the absence of selection for 198 days. Such a trackable E.coli /human cell line shuttle vector system capable of carrying >100 kb of genomic DNA in human cells could prove a valuable tool in gene expression studies.
The Development of Implicit Self-Esteem During Emerging Adulthood

Emerging adulthood is one of the most important life stages for self and identity development. The present research tracked the development of implicit self-esteem during emerging adulthood at both the group and individual levels. We used the implicit association test to assess implicit self-esteem with the improved D score as the index. We surveyed 327 students each year from the beginning of their first year of university until their graduation, with an extra assessment run in the middle of the first year. First-order autoregressive structural equation modeling indicated that implicit self-esteem remained quite stable during the university years in terms of rank-order stability. Latent growth modeling showed that implicit self-esteem decreased slightly during the university years with females initially manifesting a higher level. These findings enrich our understanding of implicit self-esteem and its development as well as self-construction during emerging adulthood.
Lynched: The Victims of Southern Mob Violence

expressionist art and various highbrow publications; and the past fifty years of funding for the National Endowments for the Arts and the Humanities. In the introductory pages, he explains that he will be taking a ‘‘public choice perspective’’; but if that simply means recognizing that citizens, bureaucrats, and elected officials will attempt to steer government policy toward satisfying their private preferences, then, to paraphrase Milton Friedman, we are all public choice economists now. And therein lies the problem with the book. There is not any analysis or vision regarding arts funding by the federal government beyond describing events through the jaded lens of skepticism. Each of the three main chapters consists of a one-damnedthing-after-another history of the government programs, quoting politicians, writers and artists, and newspaper editorials, without any frame that would add to what can already be found in the many histories already published on each of these arts policy ventures. Virtually every page contains a quote, sometimes ridiculous, from an advocate for increased arts funding (and for that funding to be entirely unrestricted), followed by some other quote in rebuttal. The tone is constant throughout: elite New Yorkers ‘‘sniff’’ or ‘‘huff’’ that the philistines of Boise and Baton Rouge ought to subsidize the Metropolitan Opera, whether they like it or not. The author aims for a lively, non-academic, humorous style, but the effort shows, and diminishing returns quickly set in. Even he seems to tire of it. The book is three-quarters done before it reaches the election of Ronald Reagan, and recent arts policy gets little attention; the post-1995 history of the National Endowment for the Arts gets only a few pages. The issues the author sees as of most importance get little sustained analysis. The book’s subtitle is ‘‘Taxpayer Enrichment of the Creative Class,’’ but it is hard to see who is being enriched by the National Reviews 409 Contemporary Sociology 46, 4
Identification of time-variant directional mobile radio channels

For the identification of the time-variant, directional structure of the mobile radio channel impulse response, a broadband vector channel sounder is described. The measurement procedure relies on periodic multifrequency excitation signals, correlation processing and joint delay-azimuth superresolution based on the ESPRIT algorithm. Problems of imperfect receiver and antenna performance and antenna array calibration methods are discussed. Results of multidimensional correlation analyses of various channel scenarios in the time-frequency-spatial domain and the corresponding Doppler-delay-angular domain are represented.
Uptake and Neuritic Transport of Scrapie Prion Protein Coincident with Infection of Neuronal Cells

Invasion of the nervous system and neuronal spread of infection are critical, but poorly understood, steps in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases. To characterize pathways for the uptake and intraneuronal trafficking of infectious, protease-resistant prion protein (PrP-res), fluorescent-labeled PrP-res was used to infect a neuronally derived murine cell line (SN56) and adult hamster cortical neurons in primary culture. Concurrent with the establishment of persistent scrapie infection, SN56 cells internalized PrP-res aggregates into vesicles positive for markers for late endosomes and/or lysosomes but not synaptic, early endocytic, or raft-derived vesicles. Internalized PrP-res was then transported along neurites to points of contact with other cells. Similar trafficking was observed with dextran, Alzheimer's Aβ1-42 fibrils and noninfectious recombinant PrP fibrils, suggesting that PrP-res is internalized by a relatively nonspecific pinocytosis or transcytosis mechanism. Hamster cortical neurons were also capable of internalizing and disseminating exogenous PrP-res. Similar trafficking of exogenous PrP-res by cortical neurons cultured from the brains of PrP knock-out mice showed that uptake and neuritic transport did not require the presence of endogenous cellular PrP. These experiments visualize and characterize the initial steps associated with prion infection and transport within neuronal cells.
Effect of Emergency Primary Care Training Workshops: A Survey on 45 Iranian Dental School Interns

Background: Dentistry is a therapeutic health care profession that is related to people’s health. Moreover medical emergencies often occur in dental offices that little awareness of the professional workers can have unpleasant consequences. Materials and Methods: In this interventional study, a survey of 45 final year dental students was examined. To do so, a test in terms of knowledge was taken as a standard questionnaire, and in the practical part a test was taken as on objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) test in three stations, before and after the workshop; identification of emergency instruments, the performance of intramuscular and intravenous injections and cardiopulmonary resuscitations before and after the workshop obtained data were analyzed using, SPSS version 16, Student’s t-test and paired T. Results: Using the t-test, mean score of the students’ knowledge prior to and after the workshop were 51 ± 13.08 and 83.41 ± 8.65 respectively (P = 0.000). The practical score (OSCE) of dental students was 50.85 ± 13.09, which after the workshop came up to 85.73 ± 7.06 came up (P = 0.000). T-test of the performance before and after the workshop had a significant difference in each of the three stations. Significant differences between male and female students’ knowledge and performance scores don’t exist before and after the workshop (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The level of knowledge and performance of students were assessed as average, therefore, training courses and revised the curriculum units are required.
Effect of Motorcycling on Salivary Noise-Induced Cortisol among Young Motorcyclists

Saliva cortisol response was investigated from the motorcycling exposure for approximately 50 minutes between low and high noise-sensitive (Weinstein Noise Sensitivity Scale) young riders (19-25 years). The results showed significant difference ( p < 0.05) in salivary cortisol concentrations in High-Noise Sensitive group ( n = 27). Significant gender differences were found ( p < 0.05) among the Low-Noise sensitive group ( n = 30), after ride. Cross-analysis between groups was significant ( p < 0.05) for before ride cortisol levels of Low-Noise sensitive group. This study suggests that subjective noise sensitivity plays a vital role in increased cortisol level among noise sensitive riders.
A hierarchical framework for understanding human-human interactions in video surveillance

Understanding human behavior in video is essential in numerous applications including smart surveillance, video annotation/retrieval, and human-computer interaction. However, recognizing human interactions is a challenging task due to ambiguity in body articulation, variations in body size and appearance, loose clothing, mutual occlusion, and shadows. In this paper we present a framework for recognizing human actions and interactions in color video, and a hierarchical graphical model that unifies multiple-level processing in video computing: pixel level, blob level, object level, and event level. A mixture of Gaussian (MOG) model is used at the pixel level to train and classify individual pixel colors. A relaxation labeling with attribute relational graph (ARG) is used at the blob level to merge the pixels into coherent blobs and to register inter-blob relations. At the object level, the poses of individual body parts are recognized using Bayesian networks (BNs). At the event level, the actions of a single person are modeled using a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN). The results of the object-level descriptions for each person are juxtaposed along a common timeline to identify an interaction between two persons. The linguistic 'verb argument structure' is used to represent human action in terms of triplets. A meaningful semantic description in terms of is obtained. Our system achieves semantic descriptions of positive, neutral, and negative interactions between two persons including hand-shaking, standing hand-in-hand, and hugging as the positive interactions, approaching, departing, and pointing as the neutral interactions, and pushing, punching, and kicking as the negative interactions.