Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Problem of Transfer of Training in Learning Groups

from it seem well on their way to becoming an institution in America. After a long period of slow growth and a rapid period of popularization and expansion, the experiential group is widely accepted and used as a teaching and therapeutic tool. While respectability and popularity are worthwhile aims in themselves, they must not be allowed to cloud the important questions that remain about the uses of laboratory education. A number of years ago Shepard (1970) argued that personal growth laboratories provide participants with the experience of an alternative to mechanistic culture, which he cautiously asserts can be a building block of a better society, one less dominated by survival needs. In response to Shepard, Argyris (1972) presented data indicating that interaction was actually similar in the mechanistic and personal growth cultures, and argued that trainees’ perception that they have experienced a cultural alternative may contribute to difficulties they meet in trying to transfer training from the group to outside experience.
Localization, Stability, and Resolution of Topological Derivative Based Imaging Functionals in Elasticity

The focus of this work is on rigorous mathematical analysis of the topological derivative based detection algorithms for the localization of an elastic inclusion of vanishing characteristic size. A filtered quadratic misfit is considered and the performance of the topological derivative imaging functional resulting therefrom is analyzed. Our analysis reveals that the imaging functional may not attain its maximum at the location of the inclusion. Moreover, the resolution of the image is below the diffraction limit. Both phenomena are due to the coupling of pressure and shear waves propagating with different wave speeds and polarization directions. A novel imaging functional based on the weighted Helmholtz decomposition of the topological derivative is, therefore, introduced. It is thereby substantiated that the maximum of the imaging functional is attained at the location of the inclusion and the resolution is enhanced and it proves to be the diffraction limit. Finally, we investigate the stability of the proposed imaging functionals with respect to measurement and medium noises.
Seizure-Induced Neuronal Death Is Suppressed in the Absence of the Endogenous Lectin Galectin-1

Pilocarpine injection induces epileptic seizures in rodents, an experimental paradigm extensively used to model temporal lobe epilepsy in humans. It includes conspicuous neuronal death in the forebrain and previous work has demonstrated an involvement of the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR in this process. Following the identification of Galectin-1 (Gal-1) as a downstream effector of p75NTR, we examine here the role of this endogenous lectin in pilocarpine-induced cell death in adult mice. We found that most somatostatin-positive neurons also express Gal-1 and that in mice lacking the corresponding gene Lgals1, pilocarpine-induced neuronal death was essentially abolished in the forebrain. We also found that the related lectin Galectin-3 (Gal-3) was strongly upregulated by pilocarpine in microglial cells. This upregulation was absent in Lgals1 mutants and our results with Lgals3-null animals show that Gal-3 is not required for neuronal death in the hippocampus. These findings provide new insights into the roles and regulation of endogenous lectins in the adult CNS and a surprisingly selective proapoptotic role of Gal-1 for a subpopulation of GABAergic interneurons.
Multilevel and Cross-Level Effects of Workplace Attitudes and Group Member Relations on Interpersonal Helping Behavior

Scholars have consistently identified contextual performance or organizational citizenship behavior as a core component of job performance. The current literature on this issue has been dominated by a single-level approach, typically conducted at the individual level of analysis. This study adopts a multilevel approach to simultaneously examine main effects of and cross-level interactions among individual- and group-level predictors of interpersonal helping behavior. Results from a large-scale longitudinal data set show that at the individual level, helping behavior was predicted by perceived organizational support (POS), fairness, and affective commitment. At the group level, helping behavior was predicted by trust among group members. Trust among members also significantly moderated the individual-level relationships between POS and helping behavior and between fairness and helping. These crosslevel moderations indicated that the group- and individual-level predictors were complementary (instead of mutually reinforcing) in predicting interpersonal helping behavior. This finding indicates that various antecedents of interpersonal helping are characterized by distinct dynamics at the individual and group levels of analysis.
Mothers of young children with disabilities: perceived benefits and worries about preschool

A child's move from early intervention (EI) to special education preschool is considered to be a critical transition point for both the child and family. Family concerns during this process are heightened by changes in service delivery systems. Although much has been written about the transition from EI services, little is known about the parents' perceptions of the early preschool experience. Data from a sample of 105 mothers and their children from the Early Intervention Collaborative Study [Hauser-Cram, P., Warfield, M.E. , Shonkoff, J.P., & Krauss, M.W. (2001). Children with disabilities: A longitudinal study of child development and parent well-being. Society for Research in Child Development Monographs, 66, 1–131] were used to analyse mothers' reports on a study-developed measure designed to capture their views of children's preschool experiences immediately following transition. Factor analysis indicated two distinct factors, ‘benefits of school’ and ‘worries about school. ’ Each of these factors was then regressed on child, family, and preschool classroom characteristics to examine predictors of maternal perceptions about her child's new preschool experience. Implications for the receiving special education programmes and preschool teachers' practices are discussed.
Gender Specific Role of Anger Expression in Association with Depression and Health Behavior in Community-Dwelling Elders

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 지역사회 재가노인의 우울과 건강행위와의 관계에서 분노표현 방식의 매개효과에 대한 성별차이 장미희·이지아·김애실 경희대학교 간호과학대학·동서간호학연구소, 경희대학교 간호과학대학
Why we should abandon the idea of the learning organization

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose that the idea of the learning organization should be abandoned on the grounds that it was an imaginative idea that has now run its course. The paper seeks to explore the roots of the definition and provoke debate about the wisdom of retaining the concept. The argument is a challenge to readers to explore their own views in order to open up debate.Design/methodology/approach – Based on an investigation of definitions of the term “learning organization”, the paper explores the theoretical premises of the learning organization concept. The relevance of empirical examples or applied nature of the concept is defined as the principal focus.Findings – The literature review reveals two basic premises. These are, first, that the learning organization is an ideal worth striving for and, second, that systems theory provides a sound theoretical underpinning for the concept. The concept has resulted in confusion because of the theoretical and methodological premises on.
A force of change: Chris Peterson and the US Army’s Global Assessment Tool

The US Army launched the Global Assessment Tool (GAT) – a 105-item psychometric instrument taken by approximately one million soldiers annually – in October, 2009 in support of a population-wide resilience development initiative known as the Comprehensive Soldier and Family Fitness (CSF2) program. The lead developer of the GAT was Chris Peterson, and his work on this project – along with that of Nansook Park and Colonel Carl Castro – will likely leave an important and indelible mark on not only the Army, but also the field of military psychology. In this paper, we provide more detail on the history and components of the GAT. In addition, we demonstrate the practical utility of the GAT by showing that high-performing soldiers (soldiers who attained Ranger status) have relatively high GAT scores, and that soldiers with behavioral problems generally evidence low GAT scores. We conclude by discussing future directions of GAT methodology and usage in support of research.
The symbiotic relationship between Islamophobia and radicalisation

This article analyses the conditions of Islamophobia and radicalisation, and the nature of the symbiotic relationship between them. There is an exploration of the identity crises facing young Muslims in relation to endogenous factors, the role and function of various forms of structural and cultural Islamophobia as exogenous concerns and how these intersect in the context of contemporary multicultural societies, namely in Britain. The characteristics of violent extremism have been explained as driven by Islam by some, or the workings of majority society by others. These are often contradictory and incomplete narratives. This article provides a holistic multifaceted sociological framework to help facilitate the discussion of Islamic political radicalism, set in an historical and sociological context, and exploring a range of factors argued to be in play in determining the dynamics of extremism relevant to this group.
Imitation learning for language generation from unaligned data

Natural language generation (NLG) is the task of generating natural language from a meaning representation. Current rule-based approaches require domain-specific and manually constructed linguistic resources, while most machine-learning based approaches rely on aligned training data and/or phrase templates. The latter are needed to restrict the search space for the structured prediction task defined by the unaligned datasets. In this work we propose the use of imitation learning for structured prediction which learns an incremental model that handles the large search space by avoiding explicit enumeration of the outputs. We focus on the Locally Optimal Learning to Search framework which allows us to train against non-decomposable loss functions such as the BLEU or ROUGE scores while not assuming gold standard alignments. We evaluate our approach on three datasets using both automatic measures and human judgements and achieve results comparable to the state-of-the-art approaches developed for each of them.
Endothelial Mineralocorticoid Receptors Differentially Contribute to Coronary and Mesenteric Vascular Function Without Modulating Blood Pressure

Arteriolar vasoreactivity tightly regulates tissue-specific blood flow and contributes to systemic blood pressure (BP) but becomes dysfunctional in the setting of cardiovascular disease. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is known to regulate BP via the kidney and by vasoconstriction in smooth muscle cells. Although endothelial cells (EC) express MR, the contribution of EC-MR to BP and resistance vessel function remains unclear. To address this, we created a mouse with MR specifically deleted from EC (EC-MR knockout [EC-MR-KO]) but with intact leukocyte MR expression and normal renal MR function. Telemetric BP studies reveal no difference between male EC-MR-KO mice and MR-intact littermates in systolic, diastolic, circadian, or salt-sensitive BP or in the hypertensive responses to aldosterone±salt or angiotensin II±L-nitroarginine methyl ester. Vessel myography demonstrated normal vasorelaxation in mesenteric and coronary arterioles from EC-MR-KO mice. After exposure to angiotensin II–induced hypertension, impaired endothelial-dependent relaxation was prevented in EC-MR-KO mice in mesenteric vessels but not in coronary vessels. Mesenteric vessels from angiotensin II–exposed EC-MR-KO mice showed increased maximum responsiveness to acetylcholine when compared with MR-intact vessels, a difference that is lost with indomethacin+L-nitroarginine methyl ester pretreatment. These data support that EC-MR plays a role in regulating endothelial function in hypertension. Although there was no effect of EC-MR deletion on mesenteric vasoconstriction, coronary arterioles from EC-MR-KO mice showed decreased constriction to endothelin-1 and thromboxane agonist at baseline and also after exposure to hypertension. These data support that EC-MR participates in regulation of vasomotor function in a vascular bed–specific manner that is also modulated by risk factors, such as hypertension.
The Effect of Language Background on Achievement Level and Learning among Elementary School Students.

The current study used a nationally representative sample of elementary school students to investigate the effect of language and other home background on achievement level and learning for both reading and math. Results show that socioeconomic status and racelethnicity variables were more important than language in explaining low achievement among language-minority students. Spanish-language background was more strongly related to reading than to math achievement deficits. The language effect was also much stronger for pre-existing achievement levels than for learning over the school year. Implications of the study findings for government policy are briefly discussed.
The Glaring Gap, Anthropology, Religion, and Christianity in African Development

Abstract Careful reading of studies on language of education in Africa reveals a gaping gap in comprehension. A careful study of the history and practice of anthropology reveals a covert concealing of large arenas of knowledge about African societies from view. The above gaps in understanding result in debate on African development frequently ignoring ‘religion’. African development seems not to be progressing on its own; great ideas on development rooted in western thinking typically collapse when handed over to African management. This article considers how the above ‘gaps’ in anthropology and linguistic studies have contributed to the dummification of academia that has in turn handicapped Africa. It considers a new engagement with ‘religion’, especially Christianity, as the way forward.
Building European Society: Occupational Change and Social Mobility in Europe 1840-1940

The past and future of working lives, Andrew Miles and David Vincent how open was 19th-century British society? social mobility and equality of opportunity, 1839-1914, Andrew Miles social mobility and class structure in early-industrial France, Ivan Fukumoto and David Grusky inter-generational occupational and marriage mobility in German cities in the 19th and early 20th centuries, Reinhard Schuren social mobility in 19th-century Poznam, Krzysztof Makowski occupational and social mobility in Lyon from the late 19th to the early 20th century, Jean-Luc Pinol "inequalities which everyone may remove" - occupational recruitment, endogamy and the homogeneity of social origins in Victorian England, David Mitch social mobility and the urban petite bourgeoisie - Sweden in European perspective, Tom Ericsson the petite bourgeoisie - a social chameleon? stability and instability of shopkeepers and master artisans in German and French society at the turn of the century, Heinz-Gerhard Haupt career mobility and class formation - British banking workers and the lower middle class, Michael Savage mobility, bureaucracy and careers in 20th century Britain, David Vincent.
Hsp72 Is a Novel Biomarker to Predict Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients

Background and Objectives Acute kidney injury (AKI) complicates the course of disease in critically ill patients. Efforts to change its clinical course have failed because of the fail in the early detection. This study was designed to assess whether heat shock protein (Hsp72) is an early and sensitive biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared with kidney injury molecule (Kim-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) biomarkers. Methods A total of 56 critically ill patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. From these patients, 17 developed AKI and 20 were selected as controls. In AKI patients, Kim-1, IL-18, NGAL, and Hsp72 were measured from 3 days before and until 2 days after the AKI diagnosis and in no-AKI patients at 1, 5 and 10 days after admission. Biomarker sensitivity and specificity were determined. To validate the results obtained with ROC curves for Hsp72, a new set of critically ill patients was included, 10 with AKI and 12 with no-AKI patients. Results Urinary Hsp72 levels rose since 3 days before the AKI diagnosis in critically ill patients; this early increase was not seen with any other tested biomarkers. Kim-1, IL-18, NGAL, and Hsp72 significantly increased from 2 days before AKI and remained elevated during the AKI diagnosis. The best sensitivity/specificity was observed in Kim-1 and Hsp72: 83/95% and 100/90%, respectively, whereas 1 day before the AKI diagnosis, the values were 100/100% and 100/90%, respectively. The sensibility, specificity and accuracy in the validation test for Hsp72 were 100%, 83.3% and 90.9%, respectively. Conclusions The biomarker Hsp72 is enough sensitive and specific to predict AKI in critically ill patients up to 3 days before the diagnosis.
Applying Peer Reviews in Software Engineering Education: An Experiment and Lessons Learned

Based on the demonstrated value of peer reviews in the engineering industry, numerous industry experts have listed it at the top of the list of desirable development practices. Experience has shown that problems (defects) are eliminated earlier if a development process incorporates peer reviews and that these reviews are as effective as or even more effective than testing. It is therefore important for engineering students to peer review each other's work during design projects. However, surprisingly, few engineering courses in universities and colleges include peer-review activities in their design projects. The author thus decided to incorporate peer reviews in the design project of a senior software engineering course in two offerings of the course. The purpose of this article is to present the experimental findings, lessons learned, possible challenges, and recommendations that may be used to promote learning and also the use of peer-review activities in teaching other software, electrical, and computer engineering courses. The results of the experiment show promising signs of using peer review in the design project of the course.
Using a Popular Film in Counselor Education: Good Will Hunting as a Teaching Tool

The popular film Good Will Hunting, which portrays a counseling relationship, is discussed as an effective tool for facilitating the teaching of counseling theories. This article describes the authors' experience using this movie as a teaching tool, documenting the students' improved comprehension and application of course concepts and the instructor's improved rapport with the class.
The Outcome of Cochlear Implantation for Mitochondrial Disease Patients With Syndromic Hearing Loss

Objectives To evaluate the outcome and to confirm the validity of cochlear implantation for syndromic deafness in patients with mitochondrial disease. Study Design Retrospective case review. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients We reviewed medical charts of 367 cochlear implantation cases at Kyoto University Hospital between 1987 and 2012. We identified five patients with syndromic mitochondrial disease who underwent cochlear implantation surgery. The mean age of the patients (four women and one man) when they underwent surgeries was 44.4 years (range, 30–64 yr; median, 41 yr). Interventions Therapeutic and rehabilitative. Main Outcome Measure In four of five patients, speech perception performance was measured using Japanese vowels, consonant-vowel syllables, and short sentences. Results Only 1.4% (5 of 367) of cochlear implantation cases at Kyoto University Hospital underwent cochlear implantation surgery because of syndromic mitochondrial diseases. Four of those patients showed significantly improved speech perception outcomes, and the beneficial effects of the intervention continued long after surgery. One patient could not perform speech perception test presumably because of poor cognitive function. Conclusion Mitochondrial disease patients who underwent cochlear implantation surgery sustained gains in hearing performance even long after surgery. A single patient showed poor postoperative speech perception associated with cognitive problems. Cochlear implantation for mitochondrial disease patients seems to be a viable treatment option in the absence of significant cognitive impairment.
Hydroxyurea compared with anagrelide in high-risk essential thrombocythemia.

BACKGROUND We conducted a randomized comparison of hydroxyurea with anagrelide in the treatment of essential thrombocythemia. METHODS A total of 809 patients with essential thrombocythemia who were at high risk for vascular events received low-dose aspirin plus either anagrelide or hydroxyurea. The composite primary end point was the actuarial risk of arterial thrombosis (myocardial infarction, unstable angina, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack, or peripheral arterial thrombosis), venous thrombosis (deep-vein thrombosis, splanchnic-vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism), serious hemorrhage, or death from thrombotic or hemorrhagic causes. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 39 months, patients in the anagrelide group were significantly more likely than those in the hydroxyurea group to have reached the primary end point (odds ratio, 1.57; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.37; P=0.03). As compared with hydroxyurea plus aspirin, anagrelide plus aspirin was associated with increased rates of arterial thrombosis (P=0.004), serious hemorrhage (P=0.008), and transformation to myelofibrosis (P=0.01) but with a decreased rate of venous thromboembolism (P=0.006). Patients receiving anagrelide were more likely to withdraw from their assigned treatment (P<0.001). Equivalent long-term control of the platelet count was achieved in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Hydroxyurea plus low-dose aspirin is superior to anagrelide plus low-dose aspirin for patients with essential thrombocythemia at high risk for vascular events.
THE EFFECTS OF TELEVISION VIEWING, CULTURAL PROXIMITY, AND ETHNOCENTRISM ON COUNTRY IMAGE

We explored the effect of viewing Korean drama miniseries television programs, along with cultural proximity and ethnocentrism, on Japanese and Chinese television watchers’ perceptions of Korea. By conducting a survey in Beijing and China with 621 valid samples, we confirmed the effect of viewing Korean drama miniseries television programs in shaping a positive attitude toward Korea. Furthermore, this positive attitude yielded higher levels of behavioral intentions such as visiting Korea or buying Korean products. Cultural proximity was also found to be a significant variable in predicting positive attitudes toward Korea. However, contrary to the findings in previous studies, in this study the effect of ethnocentrism was not significant.