Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Engaging in Science: A Feeling for the Discipline

Most accounts of affect and motivation in the science education literature have discussed them as relevant to, but distinct from, disciplinary pursuits. These include Pintrich’s seminal work on affective and motivational factors in learning science (P. R. Pintrich, 1999, 2003; P. R. Pintrich & E. De Groot, 1990; P. R. Pintrich, R. W. Marx, & R. A. Boyle, 1993). Our purpose here is to build on those ideas, drawing as well on accounts of scientists’ practices (e.g., H. E. Gruber, 1974; E. F. Keller, 1983) and of students’ taking up of disciplinary pursuits (R. A. Engle & F. R. Conant, 2002; R. Lehrer, 2009; M. Scardamalia & C. Bereiter, 1991, 2006) to propose that affect and motivation are inherent in the disciplinary practices of science. Thus, we introduce notions of epistemic affect and epistemic motivation, and we illustrate how these are evident in a case study of a student we have followed from 4th to 7th grade. We consider how this perspective aligns with and contributes to research on interest (e.g., S. Hidi, 2006; S. Hidi, K. A. Renninger, & A. Krapp, 2004; C. Sansone, 2009), and we discuss implications for research and instruction in science education. We argue that part of what should happen in the science class is to cultivate students’ feelings and motivations within the discipline.
Models for Evaluating Flow Conveyance Reliability of Hydraulic Structures

Two generalized dynamic reliability models (integrating both hydrologic and hydraulic uncertainties) based on binomial and Poisson distributions are developed for evaluating flow conveyance reliability of hydraulic structures. The two generalized models correct the deficiencies of dynamic reliability models developed previously. Relative performance of the generalized models and two conventional reliability models were examined. It is found that the total risk is significantly underestimated by the conventional approaches when hydraulic uncertainty is moderate or large.
Caregivers’ Time Utilization before and after the Introduction of an Electronic Nursing Documentation System in a Residential Aged Care Facility

Summary Background: Despite increasing research on caregivers’ interaction with technology, there has been no attempt to investigate how the introduction of an electronic system in a residential aged care facility (RACF) may affect caregivers’ use of their time. Objective: To assess how caregivers use their time before and after the introduction of an electronic documentation system in an RACF. Methods: An observational work sampling study was undertaken with caregivers at two months before, and at 3, 6, 12 and 23 months after the implementation of an electronic documentation system. Results: During the first 12 months after implementation, the proportion of time spent by personal carers on documentation increased, that on direct care reduced, and the proportion on communication remained unchanged. At 23 months, the proportion on documentation and direct care had returned to pre-implementation levels. The percentage of time spent on these activities by recreational activity officers remained unchanged at most measurement periods after implementation. Changes in proportions of time on other activities were not directly associated with the introduction of the electronic system. Conclusion: It may take over a year for some caregivers in an RACF to integrate the use of a newly introduced electronic documentation system into their daily work. Organisations implementing such systems should develop strategies that support and accelerate the caregivers’ integration of the new documentation practice into their routine activities. The electronic documentation system may not however, replace the role of verbal communication between caregivers in aged care service.
Thermal-aware mapping of streaming applications on 3D Multi-Processor Systems

Implementing Multi-Processor-Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) in 3-Dimensional (3D) ICs has many benefits, but the increased power density can cause significant thermal problems, resulting in decreased reliability, lifetime and performance. This paper presents a fast thermal-aware approach for mapping throughput constrained streaming applications on a 3D MPSoC. While there are some published works on thermal-aware mapping of real-time applications, throughput constraints and data dependencies are mostly not considered. Further, conventional approaches have long running times due to slow iterative thermal simulations. In our approach, to avoid slow thermal simulations for every candidate mapping, a thermal model of the 3D IC is used to derive an on-chip power distribution that minimizes the temperature before the actual mapping is done. Next, this distribution is used in a resource allocation algorithm to derive a mapping that meets the throughput constraint while approaching the target power distribution and minimizing energy consumption. This way, in contrast to most existing approaches, a mapping can be derived in the order of minutes. Experiments show a 7% reduction in peak temperature and a 47% reduction in communication energy compared to mappings based on load balancing.
Ion channel and lipid scramblase activity associated with expression of TMEM16F/ANO6 isoforms

TMEM16F is a membrane protein with possible dual function as an ion channel and a phospholipid scramblase. The properties of ion channels associated with TMEM16F and the link between ion channel and scramblase activity are a matter of debate. We studied the properties of four isoforms of TMEM16F generated by alternative splicing. Upregulation of three TMEM16F isoforms or silencing of endogenous TMEM16F increased and decreased, respectively, both scramblase and channel activities. Introduction of an activating mutation in TMEM16F sequence caused a marked increase in phosphatidylserine scrambling and in ion transport indicating direct involvement of the protein in both functions.
Comparing Kaolin and Pinolene to Improve Sustainable Grapevine Production during Drought

Viticulture is widely practiced in dry regions, where the grapevine is greatly exposed to water stress. Optimizing plant water use efficiency (WUE) without affecting crop yield, grape and wine quality is crucial to limiting use of water for irrigation and to significantly improving viticulture sustainability. This study examines the use in vineyards of particle film technology (engineered kaolin) and compares it to a film-forming antitranspirant (pinolene), traditionally used to limit leaf water loss, and to an untreated control. The trial was carried out under field conditions over three growing seasons, during which moderate to very severe plant water stress (down to -1.9 MPa) was measured through stem water potential. Leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis rate (An) were measured during the seasons and used to compute intrinsic WUE (WUEi, defined as An/gs ratio). Leaf temperature was also recorded and compared between treatments. Bunch quantity, bunch and berry weight, sugar accumulation, anthocyanin and flavonoid contents were measured. Finally, microvinifications were performed and resultant wines subjected to sensory evaluation.Results showed that the use of kaolin increased grapevine intrinsic WUE (+18% on average as compared to unsprayed vines) without affecting berry and bunch weight and quantity, or sugar level. Anthocyanin content increased (+35%) in kaolin treatment, and the wine was judged more attractive (p-value <0.05) and slightly more appreciated (p-value < 0.1) than control. Pinolene did not increase WUEi, limiting An more than gs; grapes with this treatment contained lower sugar and anthocyanin content than control, and the obtained wine was the least appreciated. This study demonstrates that particle film technology can improve vine WUEi and wine quality at the same time, while traditional antitranspirants were not as effective for these purposes. This positive effect can be used in interaction with other already-demonstrated uses of particle film technology, such as pest control and sunburn reduction, in order to achieve more sustainable vineyard management.
Too much too young? Young people, sexual media and learning

[About the book] This book uncovers the significant impact that striptease culture is having on our media, relationships, educational and working lives. It is a welcome and much needed book. Western culture is exhibiting its fascination with sex in new, often surprising ways. Pole dancing is a form of keep fit, porn stars find work as agony aunts, pornography itself is just "a mouse click away," and phone sex, email affairs and cybersex are now part of our everyday lives. This sexualization of modern culture is the subject widely discussed here. In original chapters, the contributors confront the reality that in all aspects of social and cultural life, sex is being "mainstreamed. " They explore film, print and online pornographies, representations of masturbation in film and television, supersexualized advertising, and problem page sex. They also examine young people's views of sex in mainstream media; women's use of sexual media in the home, pole dancing as exercise and performance and third wave feminism and the sexualization debate.
Why are safeguards under the WTO so unpopular?

In recent years, more countries have increasingly turned to explicit, codified trade policy instruments of the international trading system such as antidumping measures. Countries have also increasingly participated in the institutions established to facilitate trade in the international system, such as the WTO's Dispute Settlement Understanding. Given these phenomena, a natural question to consider is why haven't countries resorted to the WTO's safeguards provisions at a similar pace? This paper focuses on the economic incentives generated by reforms in the Uruguay Round, and argues that in order to address the relative unpopularity of the application of safeguards measures, further reforms must be made to WTO's Antidumping Agreement and the rules of the Dispute Settlement Understanding.
Myc Potentiates Apoptosis by Stimulating Bax Activity at the Mitochondria

ABSTRACT The ability of the c-Myc oncoprotein to potentiate apoptosis has been well documented; however, the mechanism of action remains ill defined. We have previously identified spatially distinct apoptotic pathways within the same cell that are differentially inhibited by Bcl-2 targeted to either the mitochondria (Bcl-acta) or the endoplasmic reticulum (Bcl-cb5). We show here that in Rat1 cells expressing an exogenous c-myc allele, distinct apoptotic pathways can be inhibited by Bcl-2 or Bcl-acta yet be distinguished by their sensitivity to Bcl-cb5 as either susceptible (serum withdrawal, taxol, and ceramide) or refractory (etoposide and doxorubicin). Myc expression and apoptosis were universally associated with Bcl-acta and not Bcl-cb5, suggesting that Myc acts downstream at a point common to these distinct apoptotic signaling cascades. Analysis of Rat1 c-myc null cells shows these same death stimuli induce apoptosis with characteristic features of nuclear condensation, membrane blebbing, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and DNA fragmentation; however, this Myc-independent apoptosis is not inhibited by Bcl-2. During apoptosis, Bax translocation to the mitochondria occurs in the presence or absence of Myc expression. Moreover, Bax mRNA and protein expression remain unchanged in the presence or absence of Myc. However, in the absence of Myc, Bax is not activated and cytochrome c is not released into the cytoplasm. Reintroduction of Myc into the c-myc null cells restores Bax activation, cytochrome c release, and inhibition of apoptosis by Bcl-2. These results demonstrate a role for Myc in the regulation of Bax activation during apoptosis. Moreover, apoptosis that can be triggered in the absence of Myc provides evidence that signaling pathways exist which circumvent Bax activation and cytochromec release to trigger caspase activation. Thus, Myc increases the cellular competence to die by enhancing disparate apoptotic signals at a common mitochondrial amplification step involving Bax activation and cytochrome c release.
Molecular diversity of HIV‐1 and surveillance of transmitted drug resistance variants among treatment Naïve patients, 5 years after active introduction of HAART in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Expansion of antiretroviral treatment programs have led to the growing concern for the development of antiretroviral drug resistance. The aims were to assess the prevalence of drug resistant HIV‐1 variants and to identify circulating subtypes among HAART‐naïve patients. Plasma specimens from N = 100 HIV+ HAART‐naïve adult were collected between March 2008 and August 2010 and viral RNA were extracted for nested PCR and sequenced. PR‐RT sequences were protein aligned and checked for transmitted drug resistance mutations. Phylogenetic reconstruction and recombination analysis were performed to determine the genotypes. Based on the WHO consensus guidelines, none of the recruited patients had any transmitted drug resistance mutations. When analyzed against the Stanford guidelines, 35% of patients had at least one reported mutation that may reduce drug susceptibility to PI (24%), NRTI (5%), and NNRTI (14%). The commonly detected mutation that may affect current first line therapy was V179D (3%), which may lead to reduced susceptibility to NNRTI. The predominant circulating HIV‐1 genotypes were CRF01_AE (51%) and CRF33_01B (17%). The prevalence of unique recombinant forms (URF) was 7%; five distinct recombinant structures involving CRF01_AE and subtype B′ were observed, among them a cluster of three isolates that could form a novel circulating recombinant form (CRF) candidate. Transmitted drug resistance prevalence among HAART‐naïve patients was low in this cohort of patients in Kuala Lumpur despite introduction of HAART 5 years ago. Owing to the high genetic diversity, continued molecular surveillance can identify the persistent emergence of HIV‐1 URF and novel CRF with significant epidemiological impact. J. Med. Virol. 86:38–44, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Galactic Bulge Pixel-lensing Events

Gould & DePoy proposed a pixel-lensing survey toward the Galactic bulge using a small aperture (~65 mm) camera with a large pixel-size (~10'') detector and deliberately degraded optics, achieving a 30'' point-spread function. In this paper, we estimate the event rate of this pixel-lensing survey expected under various detection criteria, which are characterized by the threshold signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)th and event duration tdur,th, and we investigate the characteristics of the detectable events. From this investigation, we find that the event rate varies significantly in the ~6-120 yr-1 range, depending strongly on the imposed detection criteria, implying that to maximize event detections, it will be essential to identify events by diligently inspecting light variations and promptly conducting follow-up observations for the identified events. Compared to events detectable from classic lensing surveys, the events detectable from the pixel-lensing survey will generally involve brighter source stars and have higher amplifications. For the pixel-lensing events detectable under the criteria of (S/N)th = 10 and tdur,th = 6 hr, we find that the baseline brightness of source stars will be on average ~2 mag brighter than those of classic lensing events, that ~90% will have amplifications A ≥ 20, and that ~40% will be extreme microlensing events (EMEs) with A ≥ 200. Therefore, follow-up observations of the pixel-lensing events will provide high-quality data, which enable one to determine precisely the lensing parameters and to obtain extra information about the lenses and source stars. High-amplification events with A ≥ 20 especially will be important targets for high-efficiency planet detections, and one can uniquely determine the mass, distance, and transverse speed of individual lenses for EMEs.
On The Nuer Conquest

NORR, L. I99I. Nutritional consequences of prehistoric subsistence strategies in lower Central America. Ph.D. diss. , University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. n.d. "Interpreting dietary maize from stable isotopes in the American Tropics: The state of the art," in Archaeology in the lowland American Tropics: Current analytical methods and application. Edited by P. W. Stahl. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. In press. PEARSALL, D. M. , AND D. R. PIPERNO. I990. Antiquity of maize cultivation in Ecuador: Summary and reevaluation of the evidence. American Antiquity 55:324-37. PIPERNO, D. R. I985. Phytolithic analysis of geological sediments from Panama. Antiquity 59:I3-I9. I989. "Non-affluent foragers: Resource availability, seasonal shortages, and the emergence of agriculture in Panamanian tropical forests," in Foraging and farming: The evolution of plant domestication. Edited by D. R. Harris and G. Hillman, pp. 538-54. London: Unwin Hyman. n.d. "Plant micro-fossils and their application in the New World Tropics," in Archaeology in the lowland American Tropics: Current analytical methods and applications. Edited by P. W. Stahl. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. In press. PIPERNO, D. R. , M. B. BUSH, AND P. A. COLINVAUX. i99ia. Paleoecological perspectives on human adaptation in central Panama. I. The Pleistocene. Geoarchaeology 6:20i-26. 199 Ilb. Paleoecological perspectives on human adaptation in central Panama. 2. The Holocene. Geoarchaeology
The Contribution of Emotional Intelligence to Decisional Styles Among Italian High School Students

This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and styles of decision making. Two hundred and six Italian high school students completed two measures of EI, the Bar-On EI Inventory, based on a mixed model of EI, and the Mayer Salovey Caruso EI Test, based on an ability-based model of EI, in addition to the General Decision-Making Style Questionnaire. The findings suggest that both mixed model and ability-based models are related to decision-making style, but that ability-based EI does not predict decision-making style beyond the effects of the mixed model. This study reveals how varied dimensions of EI, especially self-assessment of one’s emotional skills and personal qualities, are related to decision-making style. The assessment of EI may be useful in understanding career decision-making difficulties and in identifying strategies for promoting adaptive career decision making.
Self-Regulation and Performance in High-Fidelity Simulations: An Extension of Ego-Depletion Research

This article extends the research literature related to “ego-depletion. ” Although numerous studies have focused on the self-regulatory failure associated with ego-depletion, the extant literature is generally characterized by relatively simple behavioral manipulations and dependent measures. Two studies are described that extend previous ego-depletion findings by employing a high-fidelity, customer service simulation as an ego-depleting manipulation (Study 1) and by using performance on a cognitively demanding naval combat simulator as a dependent measure (Study 2). Results of both studies show the generalizability of the effects of ego-depletion; the implications for self-regulatory failure in more naturalistic settings are discussed.
Effects of Hatha yoga on blood pressure, salivary α-amylase, and cortisol function among normotensive and prehypertensive youth.

OBJECTIVE Evidence is accumulating, predominantly among clinical trials in adults, that yoga improves blood pressure (BP) control, with downregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) projected as underlying mechanisms. This pilot study assessed whether Hatha yoga has the potential to reduce BP among youth and whether dampening of the SNS and/or HPA activity is a likely pathway of change. DESIGN Thirty-one seventh graders were randomly assigned to a Hatha yoga program (HYP) or attention control (AC) music or art class. Baseline and 3-month evaluations included resting BP; overnight urine samples; and saliva collected at bedtime, upon awakening, and at 30 and 60 minutes after awakening for α-amylase and cortisol assays. RESULTS Twenty-eight (14 in the HYP group and 14 in the AC group) students were assessed both before and after the intervention. BP changes from pre- to post-intervention were -3.0/-2.0 mmHg for the HYP group and -0.07/-0.79 mmHg for the AC group (p=0.30 and 0.57, respectively). Changes in systolic BP (SBP)/diastolic BP (DBP) for the prehypertensive (75th-94th percentiles for SBP) subgroup analyses were -10.75/-8.25 mmHg for the HYP group (n=4) versus 1.8/1.0 mmHg for the AC group (n=5) (p for SBP=0.02; p for DBP=0.09). Although no statistically significant group differences were observed with changes in SNS or HPA awakening curves (area under curve for α-amylase and cortisol, respectively), a small to moderate effect size was seen favoring a reduction of α-amylase activation for the HYP group (Cohen d=0.34; prehypertensive d=0.20). CONCLUSIONS A school-based Hatha yoga program demonstrated potential to decrease resting BP, particularly among prehypertensive youth. Reduced SNS drive may be an underlying neurohormonal pathway beneficially affected by the program. A large-scale efficacy/effectiveness randomized clinical trial is warranted.
IDUA mutational profile and genotype–phenotype relationships in UK patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disorder with varying degrees of phenotypic severity caused by mutations in IDUA. Over 200 disease‐causing variants in IDUA have been reported. We describe the profile of disease‐causing variants in 291 individuals with MPS I for whom IDUA sequencing was performed, focusing on the UK subset of the cohort. A total of 63 variants were identified, of which 20 were novel, and the functional significance of the novel variants is explored. The severe form of MPS I is treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, known to have improved outcomes with earlier age at treatment. Developing genotype–phenotype relationships would therefore have considerable clinical utility, especially in the light of the development of newborn screening programs for MPS I. Associations between genotype and phenotype are examined in this cohort, particularly in the context of the profile of variants identified in UK individuals. Relevant associations can be made for the majority of UK individuals based on the presence of nonsense or truncating variants as well as other associations described in this report.
CHASER: A global chemical model of the troposphere 1. Model description

[1] We present a new global three-dimensional chemical model for the troposphere, named chemical atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) for study of atmospheric environment and radiative forcing (CHASER). This model, developed in the framework of the Center for Climate System Research/National Institute for Environment Studies (CCSR/NIES) AGCM, is aimed to study tropospheric photochemistry and its influences on climate. The chemical component of the model simulates the O3-HOx-NOx-CH4-CO photochemical system and oxidation of nonmethane hydrocarbons through 88 chemical and 25 photolytic reactions with 47 chemical species in its present configuration. The model includes emission sources, dry and wet deposition, as well as chemical transformations. Meteorological processes such as transport due to advection, convection, and other subgrid-scale mixing are simulated “on-line” by the dynamical component of the CCSR/NIES AGCM. A detailed evaluation of the model results is presented in a companion paper [Sudo et al., 2002]. An evaluation of the transport scheme adopted in the model suggests that the model is capable of simulating transport associated with convection and boundary layer mixing as well as large-scale advection. The model capability to simulate dry and wet deposition was also evaluated by conducting a simulation of atmospheric lead. The simulated lead distributions are consistent with those observed at the surface, showing the validity of the deposition parameterization adopted in the model.