Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reciprocity of prosocial behavior in Japanese preschool children

This study investigated the reciprocity of prosocial behavior among 3- and 4-year-old Japanese preschool children during free-play time. Matrix correlation tests revealed positive correlations between the frequencies of object offering given and received within dyads and between the frequencies of helping given and received within dyads. These results suggest that young children reciprocate prosocial behavior spontaneously. Positive correlations were also found between the frequencies of object offering and helping behavior exchanged within dyads, suggesting that children exchanged the two types of prosocial behaviors (i.e., “interchanged”). The interchange was independent of both reciprocity within object offering and reciprocity within helping behavior in 4-year-olds. Friends reciprocated object offerings more frequently than non-friends, suggesting that friendship affects the quantitative aspect of reciprocity. These data provide refined evidence of reciprocity among children and also suggest that reciprocity becomes more complicated as children grow older.
The Potential of Rehabilitative Computer Art Therapy for the Quadriplegic, Cerebral Vascular Accident and Brain Trauma Patient

Certain frustrations physically and mentally disabled patients and the art therapist encounter during art therapy sessions, prompted an investigation of computer art therapy as a potential support to conventional rehabilitative art therapy.Artistry, which is an inherent quality in computer art, increases the possibility for successful art experiences. Patients' autonomy and control are challenged when their minds, in substitution for their hands, make the decisions that direct the metamorphosis of a computer design.Both rehabilitative computer art therapy and conventional art therapy, in attempting to foster the ability to adapt and cope, provide the suddenly disabled patient with a non-threatening method to express anger and frustration. Both therapies test patients' cognitive abilities, reflect their affect and encourage their psychosocial skills. For patients who need specialized adaptations, rehabilitative computer art therapy offers an unusually novel and rapid approach to successful art experiences,.
Studying legislative party politics in data scarce environments

Efforts to study the dynamics of legislative and party politics in developing countries often confront a serious obstacle – lack of public data on legislative actions. This paper proposes a new feasible approach for obtaining legislative information indirectly – analyzing the perceptions and lobbying behaviors of business interest groups who are experienced, knowledgeable and highly invested in staying informed on policymaking processes. I build on extant literatures on political parties and lobbying to show how we can systematically exploit group insights to study legislative parties in data-scarce environments and complement existing approaches in data-rich cases. I then demonstrate and evaluate this approach by using original data from a 2006 survey of 158 groups in a data-rich case, Brazil, to mediate existing scholarly debates regarding the sources of legislative unity of Brazilian parties.
Use of the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories for Primary Care with Medical Outpatients

The effectiveness of the Beck Anxiety (BAI-PC) and Depression (BDI-PC) Inventories for Primary Care for discriminating 56 primary care patients with and without revised, third edition Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) diagnosed anxiety and mood disorders was studied. The Anxiety and Mood modules from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) were used to establish diagnoses. The coefficient alphas for the BAI-PC and BDI-PC were, respectively, . 90 and . 88. A BAI-PC cutoff score of 5 and above yielded the highest clinical efficiency (82%) with 85% sensitivity and 81% specificity for identifying patients with and without panic, generalized anxiety, or both disorders, whereas a BDI-PC cutoff score of 6 and above afforded the highest clinical efficiency (92%) with 83% sensitivity and 95% specificity for detecting patients with and without major depressive disorders. The use of these instruments to screen primary care patients before conducting extensive diagnostic evaluations with them was discussed.
Visual attention in a multiple‐choice task: Influences of image characteristics with and without presentation of a verbal stimulus

Background: Use of multiple‐choice items is common in the assessment of language comprehension. Stimulus‐driven aspects of multiple‐choice images may interfere with valid assessment. Understanding the influences of stimulus‐driven factors is crucial because individuals with neurological disorders have increased susceptibility to them. Aims: The first goal of this study was to explore the influence of objectively measurable image characteristics in multiple‐choice image sets that are otherwise well controlled in terms of physical stimulus features on individuals' visual attention. The second goal was to explore viewers' visual attention under the influence of a verbal stimulus. Methods & Procedures: The effects of controlled manipulation of physical image characteristics on visual attention in 40 healthy adults were assessed. Eye movements were recorded while participants viewed 40 image sets with and without a verbal stimulus. Within each set, two images shared the same image characteristics (colour, orientation, size, and luminance) and one image differed in terms of one of those characteristics. Outcomes & Results: All characteristics had a significant influence on visual attention in verbal and nonverbal conditions. The influence of verbal stimuli on visual attention did not override the tendency for physical stimulus characteristics to distract attention from target images. Conclusions: Research and clinical relevance is highlighted in terms of the potential for assessment confounds to be greater in individuals with neurological impairments. This study was supported in part by a grant (# DC 0015301 A1) from the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders of the National Institutes of Health, an Ohio University Graduate Student Senate Original Work grant, and an Ohio University Graduate Fellowship Award. The authors thank Dr Hans Kruse for stimulus presentation and analysis software design, Dr Helmut Zwahlen for technical assistance in physical stimulus control, and Anshula Odekar, Maria Ivanova, and Tae Asahina for assistance with data collection.
Practical Encoder and Decoder for Power Constrained QC-LDPC lattices

LDPC lattices were the first family of lattices that equipped with iterative decoding algorithms under which they perform very well in high dimensions. In this paper, we introduce quasi cyclic low density parity check (QC-LDPC) lattices as a special case of LDPC lattices with one binary QC-LDPC code as their underlying code. These lattices are obtained from Construction A of lattices providing us to encode them efficiently using shift registers. To benefit from an encoder with linear complexity in dimension of the lattice, we obtain the generator matrix of these lattices in "quasi cyclic" form. We provide a low-complexity decoding algorithm of QC-LDPC lattices based on sum product algorithm. To design lattice codes, QC-LDPC lattices are combined with nested lattice shaping that uses the Voronoi region of a sublattice for code shaping. The shaping gain and shaping loss of our lattice codes with dimensions $40$, $50$ and $60$ using an optimal quantizer, are presented. Consequently, we establish a family of lattice codes that perform practically close to the sphere bound.
Response Properties of Local Field Potentials and Neighboring Single Neurons in Awake Primary Visual Cortex

Recordings from local field potentials (LFPs) are becoming increasingly common in research and clinical applications, but we still have a poor understanding of how LFP stimulus selectivity originates from the combined activity of single neurons. Here, we systematically compared the stimulus selectivity of LFP and neighboring single-unit activity (SUA) recorded in area primary visual cortex (V1) of awake primates. We demonstrate that LFP and SUA have similar stimulus preferences for orientation, direction of motion, contrast, size, temporal frequency, and even spatial phase. However, the average SUA had 50 times better signal-to-noise, 20% higher contrast sensitivity, 45% higher direction selectivity, and 15% more tuning depth than the average LFP. Low LFP frequencies (<30 Hz) were most strongly correlated with the spiking frequencies of neurons with nonlinear spatial summation and poor orientation/direction selectivity that were located near cortical current sinks (negative LFPs). In contrast, LFP gamma frequencies (>30 Hz) were correlated with a more diverse group of neurons located near cortical sources (positive LFPs). In summary, our results indicate that low- and high-frequency LFP pool signals from V1 neurons with similar stimulus preferences but different response properties and cortical depths.
Social Policy and Gender Divisions of Domestic and Care Work in France

A number of cross-national comparisons of gender divisions of paid and unpaid labour have highlighted the mismatch which exists in France between on the one hand a narrow gender employment gap due to the full-time and continuous nature of women's employment, supported by extensive state-provided or subsidised childcare, and on the other hand, the persistence of an unexpectedly traditional gender division of domestic and care work. This results in high levels of work–life conflict for French women, and particularly for mothers. In much social policy analysis, the question of how policy might influence the extent to which domestic and care work is shared within the couple has been largely overlooked in favour of discussions of how the state facilitates and encourages the employment of mothers of dependent children. This article therefore focuses on why and how state policy in France, whilst being successful in bringing women and particularly mothers into the labour market, has not brought about a fairer gender division of unpaid domestic and care work in the home.
Stereo by Intra- and Inter-Scanline Search Using Dynamic Programming

This paper presents a stereo matching algorithm using the dynamic programming technique. The stereo matching problem, that is, obtaining a correspondence between right and left images, can be cast as a search problem. When a pair of stereo images is rectified, pairs of corresponding points can be searched for within the same scanlines. We call this search intra-scanline search. This intra-scanline search can be treated as the problem of finding a matching path on a two-dimensional (2D) search plane whose axes are the right and left scanlines. Vertically connected edges in the images provide consistency constraints across the 2D search planes. Inter-scanline search in a three-dimensional (3D) search space, which is a stack of the 2D search planes, is needed to utilize this constraint. Our stereo matching algorithm uses edge-delimited intervals as elements to be matched, and employs the above mentioned two searches: one is inter-scanline search for possible correspondences of connected edges in right and left images and the other is intra-scanline search for correspondences of edge-delimited intervals on each scanline pair. Dynamic programming is used for both searches which proceed simultaneously: the former supplies the consistency constraint to the latter while the latter supplies the matching score to the former. An interval-based similarity metric is used to compute the score. The algorithm has been tested with different types of images including urban aerial images, synthesized images, and block scenes, and its computational requirement has been discussed.
Human Bocavirus and KI/WU Polyomaviruses in Pediatric Intensive Care Patients

We evaluated the prevalence of human bocavirus and KI and WU polyomaviruses in pediatric intensive care patients with and without lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). The prevalence of these viruses was 5.1%, 0%, and 2.6%, respectively, in children with LRTI and 4.8%, 4.8%, and 2.4%, respectively, in those without LRTI.
Self-Beliefs about Pain and Occupational Performance: A Comparison of Two Measures Used in a Pain Management Program

This study evaluated the relationship between pain self-efficacy, occupational performance, and satisfaction with performance in clients with chronic pain who participated in a hospital-based pain management program. Self-efficacy was measured using the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Nicholas, 1988). Occupational performance and satisfaction were measured using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (Law et al., 1998). Data were collected from 64 clients who completed both measures before and after a 3-week pain management program. Results of the study demonstrated a positive difference between pain self-efficacy and occupational performance (t = 4.43, df = 62, p < .05), and between pain self-efficacy and satisfaction (t = 4.02, df = 62, p < .05). This research suggests that therapy should address the beliefs of clients about their abilities to perform occupations when living with chronic pain (Strong, 1995) and reinforces the use of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure as reliable and valid assessment measures for those with chronic pain.
Soft decision trees

We discuss a novel decision tree architecture with soft decisions at the internal nodes where we choose both children with probabilities given by a sigmoid gating function. Our algorithm is incremental where new nodes are added when needed and parameters are learned using gradient-descent. We visualize the soft tree fit on a toy data set and then compare it with the canonical, hard decision tree over ten regression and classification data sets. Our proposed model has significantly higher accuracy using fewer nodes.
Efficient sketches for the set query problem

We develop an algorithm for estimating the values of a vector <i>x</i> ε R<sup><i>n</i></sup> over a support <i>S</i> of size <i>k</i> from a randomized sparse binary linear sketch <i>Ax</i> of size <i>O(k)</i>. Given <i>Ax</i> and <i>S</i>, we can recover <i>x</i>' with ||<i>x</i>' -- <i>xS</i>||<sub>2</sub> ≤ ε || <i>x -- xS</i>||<sub>2</sub> with probability at least 1 − <i>k</i><sup>−Ω(1)</sup>. The recovery takes <i>O(k)</i> time. While interesting in its own right, this primitive also has a number of applications. For example, we can: 1. Improve the linear <i>k</i>-sparse recovery of heavy hitters in Zipfian distributions with <i>O</i>(<i>k</i> log <i>n</i>) space from a 1 + ε approximation to a 1 + <i>o</i>(1) approximation, giving the first such approximation in <i>O</i>(<i>k</i> log <i>n</i>) space when <i>k</i> ≤ <i>O</i>(<i>n</i><sup>1-ε</sup>). 2. Recover block-sparse vectors with <i>O</i>(<i>k</i>) space and a 1 +ε approximation. Previous algorithms required either ω(<i>k</i>) space or ω(1) approximation.
Cannabis use and psychotic experiences in an international sample of undergraduate students

Cannabis use may be related to psychotic experiences in the general population. However, few studies have examined this relationship in undergraduate students despite high levels of cannabis use in this population. A sample of 334 undergraduate students (mean age = 22.2 years; 85.2% female, 14.8% male) from Britain, Ireland, Canada, USA, Australia and New Zealand took part in the study. Participants completed an author‐constructed questionnaire measuring cannabis use, and questions on psychosis from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS‐P) as adapted for self‐report format. No significant difference was found between those who had used cannabis at some point in their lives and those who had not. However, current cannabis use and frequency of use were associated with elevated levels of psychotic experiences. Level of consumption was also related to such experiences, but there was no effect of age of first use.
Effects of Environmentally Friendly Perceptions on Customers' Intentions to Visit Environmentally Friendly Restaurants: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

This study examines the relationships among antecedents of attitude (AT) toward environmentally conscious behavior (perceived consumer effectiveness and environmental concerns (ECs) and the theory of planned behavior in order to identify the behavioral intentions (BIs) of consumers and explain the formation of an intention to visit an environmentally friendly restaurant. Four hundred self-administered questionnaires were distributed, from which 347 usable responses were obtained. The relationships between 7 constructs (collectivism, perceived consumer effectiveness, EC, AT, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and BI) and 21 indicators were measured using structural equation modeling. All of the underlying dimensions except the effect of EC on BI had a significant effect on customers' intentions. Implications for future research and marketing strategies for an environmentally friendly restaurant are discussed.
Molecular pathology of emerging coronavirus infections

Respiratory viruses can cause a wide spectrum of pulmonary diseases, ranging from mild, upper respiratory tract infections to severe and life‐threatening lower respiratory tract infections, including the development of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Viral clearance and subsequent recovery from infection require activation of an effective host immune response; however, many immune effector cells may also cause injury to host tissues. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus cause severe infection of the lower respiratory tract, with 10% and 35% overall mortality rates, respectively; however, >50% mortality rates are seen in the aged and immunosuppressed populations. While these viruses are susceptible to interferon treatment in vitro, they both encode numerous genes that allow for successful evasion of the host immune system until after high virus titres have been achieved. In this review, we discuss the importance of the innate immune response and the development of lung pathology following human coronavirus infection. © 2014 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Predicting gambling behaviour and problems from implicit and explicit positive gambling outcome expectancies in regular gamblers

Outcome expectancies are the positive or negative effects that individuals anticipate may occur from engaging in a given behaviour. Although explicit outcome expectancies have been found to play an important role in gambling, research has yet to assess the role of implicit outcome expectancies in gambling. In two studies, we investigated whether implicit and explicit positive gambling outcome expectancies were independent predictors of gambling behaviour (i.e. amount of time spent and money risked gambling; Study 1) and problem gambling severity (Study 2). In both studies, implicit positive gambling outcome expectancies were assessed by having regular gamblers (N = 58 in Study 1; N = 96 in Study 2) complete a gambling outcome expectancy reaction time (RT) task. A self-report measure of positive gambling outcome expectancies was used to assess participants' explicit positive gambling outcome expectancies. Both the RT task and self-report measure of positive gambling outcome expectancies significantly contributed unique as well as shared variance in the prediction of self-reported gambling behaviour (Study 1) and problem gambling severity (Study 2). Findings from the current research point to the importance of using both direct and indirect assessment modes when examining the role of outcome expectancies in gambling.
Rectifying rolling shutter video from hand-held devices

This paper presents a method for rectifying video sequences from rolling shutter (RS) cameras. In contrast to previous RS rectification attempts we model distortions as being caused by the 3D motion of the camera. The camera motion is parametrised as a continuous curve, with knots at the last row of each frame. Curve parameters are solved for using non-linear least squares over inter-frame correspondences obtained from a KLT tracker. We have generated synthetic RS sequences with associated ground-truth to allow controlled evaluation. Using these sequences, we demonstrate that our algorithm improves over to two previously published methods. The RS dataset is available on the web to allow comparison with other methods.
A Case of Interpretations of "Social": A Response to Steffe and Thompson.

In their response to my (1996) article, Steffe and Thompson argued that I have taken an early position of Vygotsky's and that his later work is subsumed in and developed by von Glasersfeld. I argue that the two theories, Vygotsky's and radical constructivism, are, on the contrary, quite distinct and that this distinction, when seen as a dichotomy, is productive. I suggest that radical constructivists draw on a weak image of the role of social life. I argue that a thick notion of social leads to a complexity of sociocultural theories concerning the teaching and learning of mathematics, a perspective that is firmly located in the debates surrounding cultural theory of the last 2 decades.
Camera Motions Improve the Sensation of Walking in Virtual Environments

This paper investigates the use of camera motions, in order to improve the sensation of walking in a Virtual Environment. A simple model of camera motion is first proposed. This model uses: (1) oscillating motions for the position of the camera, and (2) a compensation motion which changes the orientation of the camera and simulate oculomotor compensation to keep a constant focal point when walking. Then we describe two experiments which were conducted to study the characteristics of our model and the preference of the users in terms of sensation of walking. The first experiment compared the use of oscillating camera motions along the three directions of space. The oscillating motions were all preferred to the control condition (i.e. a linear motion, as if the user was driving a car). Furthermore, the participants preferred oscillating motions along the vertical axis, compared with the two other directions of space. The second experiment was focused on the use of a compensation motion. It showed that on average participants preferred a compensated motion during the walk, as compared with a motion with a constant orientation of the camera. These results are consistent with the way our body and eyes move naturally when walking in real life. Taken together, our results suggest that camera motions can considerably improve the sensation of walking in virtual environments. Camera motions could be further introduced in numerous applications of virtual reality in which the simulation of walking is important, such as: architectural visits, training simulations, or videogames.