Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON BETWEEN-COEFFICIENT CONTRAST MASKING OF DCT BASIS FUNCTIONS

In this paper we propose a simple and effective model of visual between-coefficient contrast masking of DCT basis functions based on a human visual system (HVS). The model operates with the values of DCT coefficients of 8x8 pixel block of an image. For each DCT coefficient of the block the model allows to calculate its maximal distortion that is not visible due to the between-coefficient masking. A modification of the PSNR is also described in this paper. The proposed metric, PSNR-HVS-M, takes into account the proposed model and the contrast sensitivity function (CSF). For efficiency analysis of the proposed model, a set of 18 test images with different effects of noise masking has been used. During experiments, 155 observers have sorted this set of test images in the order of their visual appearance comparing them to undistorted original. The new metric, PSNRHVS-M has outperformed other well-known reference based quality metrics and demonstrated high correlation with the results of subjective experiments (Spearman correlation is 0.984, Kendall correlation is 0.948).
Specialising Paragraph Vectors for Text Polarity Detection

This paper presents some experiments for specialising Paragraph Vectors, a new technique for creating text fragment (phrase, sentence, paragraph, text, .) embedding vectors, for text polarity detection. The first extension regards the injection of polarity information extracted from a polarity lexicon into embeddings and the second extension aimed at inserting word order information into Paragraph Vectors. These two extensions, when training a logistic-regression classifier on the combined embeddings, were able to produce a relevant gain in performance when compared to the standard Paragraph Vector methods proposed by Le and Mikolov (2014).
Mechanisms of Cognitive Control: Active Memory, Inhibition, and the Prefrontal Cortex

Previous research has identified the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a brain region that is critical for cognitive control. Currently, theorists remain divided about whether to view the PFC as primarily a coordinative, mnemonic, or inhibitory structure. A theory is presented that attempts to resolve some of the apparent conflicts between the predominant views on PFC control functions. In this theory, PFC is proposed to actively maintain representations of context information. These maintained representations provide a mechanism of control by serving as a top-down bias on the local competitive interactions that occur during processing. As such, it is suggested that PFC performs both mnemonic and inhibitory functions in the service of control, and that each is preferentially observable under different task situations. A series of behavioral, computational, and neuroimaging studies are presented that demonstrates how this theory can account for a wide range of data associated with performance of a simple cognitive control paradigm.
Exposure to complement‐bearing immune complexes enhances the in vitro sequestration of erythrocytes from young but not elderly donors

Complement and immunoglobulin have each been claimed to be the major opsonins responsible for sequestration of the effete erythrocyte. Binding of immune complexes to the erythrocyte via CRI (CD35) provides a model for studying the effects of increments in metnbrane‐bound complemenl and immunoglobulin on the sequestration of the erythrocyte (‘innocent bystander’ sequestration). It is possible that C3b‐bearing immune complexes (IC C3b) bound to erythrocyte CRI contribute to the levels of immunoglobulin and complement fragments detectable on the human erythrocyte. We have, therefore, compared the capacity oferythrocytes from young and elderly donots to bind IC C3b and the effect of this binding on in vitro sequestration. Erythrocytes from young donors exposed to IC‐C3b bind these complexes, as attested by an increment in membrane‐bound C3, and undergo ‘innocent bystander’ sequestration. However. , when density‐separated erythrocytes are so exposed, it is only the low density (young) erythrocytes from young donors which are susceptible to ‘innocent bystander’ sequestration. High density (old) erythrocytes from young donors and ail erythrocytes from elderly donors show initially high in vitro sequestration and are resistant to the “inniwent bystander’ effect. (Those erythrocytes which show initially high in vitro sequestration are referred to collectively as in situ aged’ erythrocytes.) There is a great similarity between the mechanisms of sequestration of in situ aged’ and “innocent bystander” erythrocytes in that they are both inhibited by the integrin binding peptide arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD) and the /? ‐galactosyl sugar n‐acetyl‐galactosamine, and unaffected by the Fe‐γ binding protein, Protein‐G. Complement is the major opsonin in Innocent bystander’ sequestration since this sequestration occurs whether the isotype of the antibody in the immune complex is IgM or IgG. and Protein‐G, which inhibits IgG‐dependent erythrophagocytosis. has no effect on ‘innocent bystander” sequestration. The present studies demonstrate that in vitro sequestration of ‘in situ aged’ erythrocytes is similar to complement‐dependent “innocent bystander” sequestration, thus supporting the contention that complement recognition is eardinal in sequestration of ‘in situ aged’ erythrocytes.
Enigmatic Orthology Relationships between Hox Clusters of the African Butterfly Fish and Other Teleosts Following Ancient Whole-Genome Duplication

Numerous ancient whole-genome duplications (WGD) have occurred during eukaryote evolution. In vertebrates, duplicated developmental genes and their functional divergence have had important consequences for morphological evolution. Although two vertebrate WGD events (1R/2R) occurred over 525 Ma, we have focused on the more recent 3R or TGD (teleost genome duplication) event which occurred approximately 350 Ma in a common ancestor of over 26,000 species of teleost fishes. Through a combination of whole genome and bacterial artificial chromosome clone sequencing we characterized all Hox gene clusters of Pantodon buchholzi, a member of the early branching teleost subdivision Osteoglossomorpha. We find 45 Hox genes organized in only five clusters indicating that Pantodon has suffered more Hox cluster loss than other known species. Despite strong evidence for homology of the five Pantodon clusters to the four canonical pre-TGD vertebrate clusters (one HoxA, two HoxB, one HoxC, and one HoxD), we were unable to confidently resolve 1:1 orthology relationships between four of the Pantodon clusters and the eight post-TGD clusters of other teleosts. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that many Pantodon genes segregate outside the conventional “a” and “b” post-TGD orthology groups, that extensive topological incongruence exists between genes physically linked on a single cluster, and that signal divergence causes ambivalence in assigning 1:1 orthology in concatenated Hox cluster analyses. Out of several possible explanations for this phenomenon we favor a model which keeps with the prevailing view of a single TGD prior to teleost radiation, but which also considers the timing of diploidization after duplication, relative to speciation events. We suggest that although the duplicated hoxa clusters diploidized prior to divergence of osteoglossomorphs, the duplicated hoxb, hoxc, and hoxd clusters concluded diploidization independently in osteoglossomorphs and other teleosts. We use the term “tetralogy” to describe the homology relationship which exists between duplicated sequences which originate through a shared WGD, but which diploidize into distinct paralogs from a common allelic pool independently in two lineages following speciation.
Constructing 'Control' over Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is often chronic, with one of the highest death rates for psychological conditions. Law can compel treatment, but is rarely invoked, at least formally (though the strategic possibilities of orders confers internal authority within the clinical setting). Instead, 'control' (or management) is exercised diffusely, through disciplinary practices embedded in everyday clinic life, such as daily routines of eating and washing, behavioural 'contracts', regular surveillance and measuring, interactions with staff, visits and activities. The regulatory regime not only touches on such 'practices' but also targets 'identities' (including self-image, and attitudes to the body) and what Goffman called the 'moral career' of the patient (eg learning to play the 'patient role', to 'be' an 'anorexic'). We argue that it is not the clumsiness of the law, or the success of less restrictive options which explains why law is so infrequently engaged. Rather, based on an interpretation of Foucault, we concluded that the regulatory regimes that shape treatment of anorexia nervosa, is 'the law', in a sense. The regime of governmentality within the clinic is shaped by practices which operationalise 'duty of care', or translate medical expertise into medical authority, or show how interactions between 'experts', 'carers' and patients are mediated through conventions and rules, or which conscript 'empowerment' as control. The patient learns to provide consent 'freely', to make the 'correct' choices, to accept the 'empowerment' regime that is made even more convincing by the threat of legal intervention. In time the constraints learned in this way become part of the new role, that of the 'recovering' patient. The 'fiction' of acting 'responsibly', employed so hesitantly at first, becomes part of the new identity. The patient has become an active participant in the governance of self.
Proton Diffusion in Nickel Hydroxide Films Measurement of the Diffusion Coefficient as a Function of State of Charge

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ETS) was used to measure the solid-state diffusion coefficient of protons in nickel hydroxide films at room temperature as a function of state of charge (SOC). A model for the complex faradaic impedance of the nickel hydroxide active material is presented and used to extract the diffusion coefficient of protons from the EIS data. Impedance data over a range of frequencies can be used to extract a constant diffusion coefficient without the knowledge of the initial mobile proton concentration or the form of the charge-transfer kinetic expression. The proton diffusion coefficient is a strong function of SOC and decreases approximately three orders of magnitude from 3.4 {times} 10{sup {minus}8} to 6.4 {times} 10{sup {minus}11} cm{sup 2}/s as the electrode discharges from the completely charged to the completely discharged state. The measurements were performed on well-conditioned nickel hydroxide films and therefore it is likely that the diffusion coefficients measured correspond to the {beta}-phase of the active material. The diffusion coefficient of protons was measured for three different film thicknesses, 1.5, 1.2, and 1.0 {mu}m. The diffusion coefficient is independent of the thickness of the film is predicted by theory. The three orders of magnitude decrease in the diffusionmore » coefficient of protons can be explained on the assumption that the protons move predominantly through the oxidized phase [NIOOH] which is interdispersed along with the reduced phase [Ni(OH){sub 2}] in the active material. « less
Prevalence of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm on MR Angiography

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of incidentally found unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) on the brain MR angiography (MRA) from a community-based general hospital. Materials and Methods This was a prospectively collected retrospective study, carried out from January 2004 to December 2004. The subjects included 3049 persons from a community-based hospital in whom MRA was performed according to a standardized protocol in an outpatient setting. Age- and sex-specific prevalence of UIAs was calculated. The results by MRA were compared with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) findings. Results Unruptured intracranial aneurysms were found in 137 (5%) of the 3049 patients (M:F = 43:94; mean age, 60.2 years). The prevalence of UIAs was 5% (n = 94) in women and 4% (n = 43) in men, respectively (p = 0.2046) and showed no age-related increase. The most common site of aneurysm was at the distal internal carotid artery (n = 64, 39%), followed by the middle cerebral artery (n = 40, 24%). In total, 99% of aneurysms measured less than 12 mm, and 93% of aneurysms measured less than 7 mm. Direct comparisons between MRA and DSA were available in 70 patients with 83 UIAs; the results revealed two false positive and two false negative results. Conclusion This community-hospital based study suggested a higher prevalence of UIAs observed by MRA than previously reported. These findings should be anticipated in the design and use of neuroimaging in clinical practice.
Force And Electromyographic Responses To Ergometer Rowing

During man) athkl k ~' cnt. ;, tal igu~ in flucnccs the ph sio logicc.ll and hiomcchanical . :hara · tt>ri~tic s of J'}\:rl(>rmam.:c . For optimal pcrll.1rman~.:e in events <;uch a'> rowing. athletes must maintain a sl.illfully co-ordinated movement lc~.:hniquc . which involve-, the major musck groups cnntrihuting to fi1rcc output. The ahility to produce high fc>rce output during rept:titi vc cont ractions is influenced h lat igue and depende nt on a number of factors including neuromuscular acti at ion. Neuromuscular activation rna. be expressed by amplitude and frequency characteristics of the electromyograhic signal (EM ) sampled from the muscle. During sustained isometric contractions. changes in EMG characteristics are re lated to changes in force. which may be use ful in monitoring the fatigue j1)rocess (Basmajian. 1974: De Luca. 1985). However. the force-EMG relationship is not as clear when applied to dynamic contractions such as those in rowing performance. The central objective of this thesis is to assess the application of EMG in relation to biomechanical and physiological responses to rowing tasks. In particular. EMG characteristics of the quadriceps muscle in relation to total force output during a typical self-pace rowing ergometer perfonnance. In order to reach the objective. five studies were undertaken in a systematic order. The studies had specific purposes. which included establishing force/torque-EMG relationships under controlled conditions and evaluating the transfer of force or torque output and EMG characteristics to less controlled performance conditions that were influenced by fatigue. pacing strategy. or both.
New constraints on dike injection and fault slip during the 1975–1984 Krafla rift crisis, NE Iceland

Correlation of KH9 spy and SPOT5 satellite images, airphotos, digital elevation model differencing, electronic distance measurement, and leveling survey data is used to constrain the deformation resulting from the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis. We find that diking typically extends to depths of 5 km, while the dike tops range from 0 km in the caldera region to 3 km at the northern end of the rift. Extension is accommodated by diking at depth and normal faulting in the shallowest crust. In the southern section of the Krafla rift, surface opening is 80% of the dike opening at depth. Over the 70–80 km length of the rift, the average dike opening was 4.3–5.4 m. From these estimates, we calculate the total geodetic moment released over the Krafla rift crisis, 4.4–9.0×1019 Nm, which is an order of magnitude higher than the seismic moment released over the same time period, ~5.8×1018 Nm. The total volume of magma added to the upper crust was 1.1–2.1×109m3. This study highlights how optical image correlation using inexpensive declassified spy satellite and airphotos, combined with simple models of crustal deformation, can provide important constraints on the deformation resulting from past earthquake and volcanic events.
Dehydroepiandrosterone Feeding Prevents Aortic Fatty Streak Formation and Cholesterol Accumulation in Cholesterol‐fed Rabbit

The concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sutfate (DHEA-S) In human plasma Is higher than any other steroid. Recent evidence has suggested an Inverse relationship between plasma DHEA levels and the development of coronary atherosclerosis In humans. We used the cholesterol-fed rabbit model to Investigate whether DHEA feeding would diminish aortic fatty streak formation in this model. Fifteen New Zealand White rabbits were fed rabbit chow supplemented with 0.5% cholesterol (wt/ wt). Seven animals were, In addition, fed DHEA, 0.5% of diet (wt/wt). Animals were sacrificed after 2 months, and the aortic Involvement with fatty streaks was evaluated by computerized planimetry of Sudan IV-stalned aortas and by chemical analysis of aortic wall llpfds. Compared to controls, DHEA-fed animals had similar plasma levels of total, very low density llpoproteln (VLDL), low density llpoproteln (LDL), and high density llpoproteln (HDL) cholesterol, cortlcolds, and estrogens. DHEA-fed animals had higher plasma levels of total, VLDL, and LDL trlglycerldes and lower HDL trlglycerlde8 than did controls. DHEA feeding resulted In 30% and 40%, respectively, inhibition of fatty streak formation by chemical analysis and planimetry. We conclude that DHEA feeding Inhibits the development of aortic fatty streaks in cholesterol-fed rabbits, Independent of changes in plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels or DHEA conversion to estrogens or cortlcolds.
Time series distances measures to analyze in-air signatures to authenticate users on mobile phones

Improving the security of mobile phones is one of the crucial points required to assure the personal information and the operations that can be performed from them. This article presents an authentication procedure consisting of verifying the identity of people by making a signature in the air while holding the mobile phone. Different temporal distance algorithms have been proposed and evaluated through a database of 50 people making their signatures in the air and 6 people trying to forge each of them by studying their records. Approaches based on DTW have obtained better EER results than those based on LCS (2.80% against 3.34%). Besides, different signal normalization methods have been evaluated not finding any with better EER results that when no normalization has carried out.
KEBERHASILAN IMPLEMENTASI ELEKTRONIK GOVERNMENT BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI PENGGUNA

Abstract: The Success of Electronic Government Implementation Based on User’s Perception . This research verifies the success of e-Government that is implemented by directorate general of taxes as state institution based on user satisfaction. Seven variables investigated in this research are the usability of e-Government, information quality of e-Government, service quality of e-Government, trust of the government institution, trust of the internet, and Intention to Use Frequently e-Government. The measurement of independent variables that used in this research is based on Barnes and Vidgen (2006) and Belangerdan Carter (2008). The measurement of dependent variable (user satisfaction) based on Xiao dan Dasgupta (2002) which modified with Verdegem and Verleye (2009). Abstrak: Keberhasilan Implementasi Elektronik Government Berdasarkan Persepsi Pengguna. Penelitian ini memverifikasi keberhasilan e-Government yang dilaksanakan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pajak sebagai salah satu lembaga negara yang didasarkan pada kepuasan pengguna. Tujuh variabel yang diverifikasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kegunaan dari e-Government , kualitas informasi e-Government , kualitas layanan e-Government , kepercayaan dari lembaga pemerintah, kepercayaan internet, dan ketertarikan untuk serin gmenggunakan e-Government. Pengukuran variabel independen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini didasarkan pada Barnes dan Vidgen (2006) dan Belanger Dan Carter (2008). Pengukuran variabel dependen (kepuasan pengguna) berdasarkan Xiao Dan Dasgupta (2002) yang dimodifikasi dengan Verdegem dan Verleye (2009).
Vessel segmentation and tracking using a two-dimensional model

The segmentation and analysis of blood vessels in retinal images is of immense interest for study of diseases involving vasculature changes. An algorithm to segment blood vessels in colour retinal images by tracking of vessels is described. This algorithm proceeds by fitting a physically inspired two-dimensional model of the vessel profile to a local region of the vessel. By fitting in this manner a number of parameters, such as diameter and orientation, of the local vessel segment, can be accurately measured as tracking proceeds. A modification to the model that enables tracking of tortuous vessels is described. A method to detect vessel branches is also described. Illustrations of the vessel tracking working on retinal images are given.
Peer Sexual Harassment in Middle School: Classroom and Individual Factors

In recent years, sexual harassment among adolescents has received significant national attention in the media and from behavioral science researchers. Initial research focused predominantly on describing the prevalence of peer sexual harassment (PSH) among adolescents and understanding the associated outcomes. More recently, researchers have begun to examine individual and contextual risk factors for victimization. Using the problem behavior hypothesis, opportunity theory and developmental theory, a theoretical framework to identify risk factors for PSH was developed, namely risky behaviors (i.e., self-reported delinquency, aggression and friend support for counter conventional behaviors) and sexual saliency variables (i.e., flirting, dating and opposite sex nominations). Moreover, this is the first study that has used classroom demographic factors (i.e., percent male and class size) to predict PSH. Thus, the current cross-sectional study adds to the literature by examining the associations of individual variables with PSH using multilevel modeling techniques, taking into account the nested design of students within classrooms, with theoretically based correlates (i.e., classroom variables, risky behaviors, sexual saliency factors) to examine vulnerability factors for PSH. A cohort of 8th grade students from an urban, culturally diverse and low-income school district was used. Self-report and peer-reported data were obtained from 744 students in the fall. Self-report measures include PSH (AAUW, 1993; 2001); self-reported delinquency (Elliot, Huizinga, and Ageton, 1995), a modified friends' support for counter conventional behaviors scale (Schierer and Botvin, 1998); and dating frequency. Peer ratings of aggressive behavior, flirtatious behavior, and opposite sex peer nominations came from the Revised Class Play (Matesen, Morrison, and Pellegrini, 1985). Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that PSH scores did not significantly differ between classrooms. As such, all variables were disaggregated to the individual level. Regression analyses found that classroom variables of class size and percent male were not related to the experience of PSH. Risky behaviors (i.e., self-reported delinquency, friend support for counter conventional behaviors, peer rated aggression) was a significant factor, with self reported delinquency being significant for girls and boys and peer rated aggression was a significant predictor for boys. Sexual salience variables (i.e., dating, flirtatiousness, opposite sex nominations) was also a significant factor, with flirtatiousness being a significant predictor for girls and boys and dating being significant uniquely for girls. Findings indicated that risky behaviors account for a greater variance in PSH victimization in boys, whereas sexual saliency account for a greater proportion of variance in girls. Findings also indicate that 6th grade pubertal status was predictive of 8th grade PSH. These results were discussed within the context of clinical implications for schools and future research directions.