Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Ignition and Combustion Variances of Jet Propellant-8 and Diesel Fuel in Military Diesel Engines

Abstract : Currently, the U.S. Army can not purchase commercial off the shelf (COTS) on-road diesel engines for tactical wheeled vehicles due to a variety of reasons related to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emission regulations. Such reasons include Jet Propellant-8 (JP-8) incompatibility issues with exhaust after treatment devices and cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems, unstable combustion regimes at part-load operation while operating on widely varying cetane number fuels such as JP-8, thermal management load increases that impact vehicle mobility and survivability, and high pressure fuel system reliability issues associated with using low lubricity fuels such as JP-8. This submission will briefly discuss these practical engine system issues and then present recent applied research that has focused on quantifying ignition and combustion differences between representative JP-8 and DF-2 samples in direct and indirect injected diesel engines through single and multicylinder experimentation, constant volume bomb experiments, spray and liquid length evaporation modeling, and shock tube experiments. The ultimate goal of this effort is to aid military engine suppliers in either converting current COTS engines to operate on JP-8 or in developing the next generation of military engines that must operate on JP-8. Such research is strictly applicable to the Army and other service agencies since military engine suppliers are currently focused on meeting future EPA emission standards which must operate on commercial ultra low sulfur diesel fuel.
Background music as noise abatement in open‐plan offices: A laboratory study on performance effects and subjective preferences

Continuous noise is played in many open-plan offices to partially mask ambient sounds, in particular background speech. With this, the detrimental impact of background sounds on cognitive performance is intended to be reduced as well as subjectively perceived disturbance. Our experiments explored whether background music can achieve the same effects. Besides collecting subjective rating data, we tested cognitive performance using verbal serial recall. This is the standard task for exploring verbal short-term memory, which is central to human information processing. Either staccato music, legato music or continuous noise was superimposed on office noise. In Experiment 1 (N = 30), only continuous noise reduced the detrimental impact of office noise significantly. Legato music did not qualify in this respect although it did not diminish cognitive performance when presented in isolation in Experiment 2 (N = 20). Subjective ratings in both experiments revealed that most participants would prefer legato music to continuous noise in office environments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of learning culture on perceived knowledge conversion: an empirical approach using structural equation modelling

In this research, data collected from 633 participants were used to assess the influence of learning culture on the perceived knowledge conversion process in Korean for profit organizations. The seven dimensions of the learning organization (Watkins and Marsick 1993, 1996) served as exogenous variables; four modes of the knowledge conversion SECI theory – socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization – were endogenous variables (Nonaka and Takeuchi 1995). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to measure the influential relationships among the four modes of the knowledge conversion process and the impact of cultural aspects of learning organization on the overall process. Supplemental analysis techniques were utilized, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for construct validation and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) for the relationship among the sets of each variable. Results confirmed the positive influence of the learning organization culture on the overall process of knowledge conversion. The most powerful direct impacts of learning culture were found in the knowledge combination and socialization modes.
Distribution of nitric oxide synthase in rat dorsal vagal complex and effects of microinjection of nitric oxide compounds upon gastric motor function

Nitric oxide (NO) has received attention as a vagal nonadrenergic‐noncholinergic (NANC) mediator of gastrointestinal relaxation. The dorsal vagal complex (DVC) is the primary hindbrain site of vagal control of the gastrointestinal tract, and yet the subnuclear distribution of NO and its physiological effects have not been analyzed in this nucleus. Therefore, this study estimates that relative number of of NO synthase (NOS)‐containing neurons in subnuclear regions of the DVC, identifies NOS‐containing vagal abdominal preganglionic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and defines a role of NO in the DVC in control of gastric motor function.
Challenges Associated with Childhood Exposure to Severe Natural Disasters: Research Review and Clinical Implications

Natural disasters cause widespread destruction, economic loss, and death, leaving children to cope with the devastating aftermath. The research literature has demonstrated that children are at risk postdisaster for negative mental health outcomes, such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. The purpose of this review is to highlight the challenges associated with childhood exposure to severe natural disasters and to summarize the current research on clinical interventions for children postdisaster. Specific challenges reviewed include disasterrelated deaths, secondary stressors typical in postdisaster environments, disruption in social networks, and the threat of recurrent disasters. A public health framework for schoolbased mental health services is discussed and the need for research on effective intervention models for youth in postdisaster environments is highlighted.
Arbitrage Opportunities : a Blessing or a Curse ?

This paper shows that arbitrage is limited if rational agents face uncertainty about completing their arbitrage portfolios. This “execution risk” arises in our model because there are slippages in asset prices as arbitrageurs compete for the limited supply of assets needed for a profitable arbitrage portfolio. This is distinct from the existing limits of arbitrage such as noise trader risk, fundamental risk and synchronization risk. As a consequence, rational arbitrageurs might wait for appropriate compensation for execution risk rather than correct the mispricing immediately. This leads to the existence of arbitrage opportunities even in markets with perfect substitutes and convertibility. We show that execution risk is related to market illiquidity and the number of competing arbitrageurs. Economic evaluation analyses of arbitrage strategies suggest that profitable exploitation of arbitrage opportunities in such markets is rare in the presence of competition.
Caring Consumers: Gendered Consumption Meanings and the Juggling Lifestyle

This article explores the meanings that consumption experiences hold for professional working mothers engaged in the culturally prominent lifestyle known as "juggling. " A discussion is given to prior research documenting the cultural and historical processes that gave rise to this lifestyle pattern. These analyses suggest that "jugglers" of the baby boom generation have been socialized in a common system of conflicting cultural ideals, beliefs, and gender ideologies. A hermeneutic research approach is used to explicate the emic consumer meanings that arise in relation to the participants' salient life concerns and their sense of personal history. An etic framework is then derived that further analyzes these perceptions in the context of issues related to the social construction of feminine identities and cultural conceptions of motherhood. The conceptual and methodological implications of the emic and etic frameworks for consumer research are discussed. Copyright 1996 by the University of Chicago.
Socioeconomic Deprivation and Survival After Heart Transplantation in England: An Analysis of the United Kingdom Transplant Registry

Background—Socioeconomic deprivation (SED) is associated with shorter survival across a range of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases. The association of SED with survival after heart transplantation in England, where there is universal healthcare provision, is unknown. Methods and Results—Long-term follow-up data were obtained for all patients in England who underwent heart transplantation between 1995 and 2014. We used the United Kingdom Index of Multiple Deprivation (UK IMD), a neighborhood level measure of SED, to estimate the relative degree of deprivation for each recipient. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between SED and overall survival and conditional survival (dependant on survival at 1 year after transplantation) during follow-up. Models were stratified by transplant center and adjusted for donor and recipient age and sex, ethnicity, serum creatinine, diabetes mellitus, and heart failure cause. A total of 2384 patients underwent heart transplantation. There were 1101 deaths during 17 040 patient-year follow-up. Median overall survival was 12.6 years, and conditional survival was 15.6 years. Comparing the most deprived with the least deprived quintile, adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 1.27 (1.04–1.55; P=0.021) and 1.59 (1.22–2.09; P=0.001) in the overall and conditional models, respectively. Median overall survival and conditional survival were 3.4 years shorter in the most deprived quintile than in the least deprived. Conclusions—Higher SED is associated with shorter survival in heart transplant recipients in England and should be considered when comparing outcomes between centers. Future research should seek to identify modifiable mediators of this association.
The Primacy of Politics in Separatist Dynamics

What triggers separatist activism and violence? Answers to this question usually invoke economic opportunities, cultural differences or political grievances. Attempts at comparing the merits of these competing claims have suffered from several flaws, however, including difficulties in distinguishing secessions from other types of conflict and from its causal factors, reliance on biased samples, a lack of variance among observations; and a focus on states rather than sub-national regions. In this paper, we try to address these shortcomings and systematically compare the respective merits of economic, cultural and political theories of separatism, using 338 sub-national groups from around the world and data from numerous sources. Our dependent variables are separatist activism broadly conceived and separatist violence, which we observe to respond to somewhat different logics. In contrast to the currently popular economic models of civil wars, we find that political factors dwarf other approaches. Specifically, groups in failed and transitioning states, those who control or have historically controlled autonomous institutions, and those facing discrimination are the most likely to resort to separatist violence. We find no robust effects of “greed” or other economic theories. Finally, existing models tend to over-predict secessions in Latin America and Africa. We offer explanations and call for a renewed appreciation of the political nature of separatism in contrast to other types of civil wars.
Students Demonstrating Persistent Low Response to Reading Intervention: Three Case Studies

Three students with severe reading disabilities participated in a 3–year intervention provided by trained tutors from first grade through third grade (175–231 hours). All three students demonstrated very low response to initial levels of intervention and were provided adjusted intensive intervention in an attempt to remedy their low response to instruction. Findings revealed that two of the three students realized limited growth and did not accelerate progress toward reducing the gap between their performance and the expected grade level performance. One student accelerated growth considerably during third grade and made accelerated progress toward grade level expectations. Information on intervention implementation and student progress as well as implications for practice and further research are discussed.
A State‐Trait Curiosity Inventory

Theoretical relations between anxiety and curiosity have been suggested, and analogies have been drawn between the state-trait formulation in anxiety theory and research and a similar formulation in curiosity. Individual differences in the potential for curiosity experiences suggest a trait (C-Trait) formulation; while individual differences in curiosity experiences themselves (C-State) suggest a state formulation. Three studies reporting psychometric aspects of the Melbourne Curiosity Inventory concern descriptive statistical characteristics of the C-Trait and C-State scales, and the validity of the state-trait distinction for curiosity research. It is concluded that the scales have acceptable levels of reliability and validity to justify their use as research instruments.
Conductive education: appraising the evidence

Conductive education (CE) is widely reported as having a range of benefits. In the last two decades, it has expanded internationally. Educational psychologists may well encounter parents requesting this specialist intervention which is not normally offered within Local Authority special needs provision, for children with cerebral palsy and other motor difficulties. This paper reviews the empirical research to investigate the specific claims that CE improves motor skills, thinking skills and independence and the counter claim that it may cause harm. Implications for practice are discussed.
Fibroblast growth factor‐2 is selectively modulated in the rat brain by E‐5842, a preferential sigma‐1 receptor ligand and putative atypical antipsychotic

Fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) is a member of a large family of trophic factors whose expression is regulated under several conditions in different areas of the brain. The goal of our experiments was to determine whether the administration of 4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydro‐1‐[4‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐il)butyl] pyridine citrate (E‐5842), a sigma‐1 receptor ligand and putative atypical antipsychotic, could regulate the expression of FGF‐2. After chronic treatment with E‐5842 (21 days, and the animals killed 24 h after the last administration), an up‐regulation was observed of the expression of FGF‐2 mRNA in the prefrontal cortex and the striatum, and a down‐regulation of the expression of FGF‐2 mRNA in the hypothalamus of the rat brain. Acute treatment with E‐5842 (one single administration and animals killed 6 h later) up‐regulated FGF‐2 expression in the prefrontal cortex, the striatum, the hypothalamus and the hippocampus in a dose‐dependent manner. The acute up‐regulation was transient and disappeared 24 h after E‐5842 administration. The induction of FGF‐2 in the striatum after repeated administration has been described for clozapine, but our data concerning regulation in the prefrontal cortex suggest that this effect is unique to E‐5852 among other antipsychotics. Given the neuroprotective activity of FGF‐2, the data presented here might be relevant to the deficit in cognition and other symptoms that appear in schizophrenia.
Risk factor profile for bereaved spouses

Abstract Health care professionals employed in diverse settings are in an ideal situation to identify those bereaved spouses who may be at higher risk for developing physical and/or emotional problems related to the bereavement process. This study examined demographic variables and their relationship to behaviors associated with grief. Significant findings revealed that age, sex, socioeconomic status, and quality of relationship to the deceased are related to specific high-risk bereavement behaviors. The results of this study can be used to screen high-risk spouses.
Reduced Histone H3 Acetylation in CD4+ T Lymphocytes: Potential Mechanism of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults

Aims. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is the result of gene-environment interactions. Histone acetylation regulates gene expression and maybe interpret how environmental factors modify LADA. Hence, we studied the histone acetylation patterns in CD4+ T lymphocytes from LADA patients. Methods. Blood CD4+ T lymphocytes from 28 patients with LADA and 28 healthy controls were obtained to detect histone H3 acetylation and H4 acetylation. The gene expression of histone acetyltransferases (P300 and CREBBP) and histone deacetylases (HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC7) was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. Compared to healthy controls, reduced global H3 acetylation was observed in LADA patients' CD4+ T lymphocytes (P < 0.05). Global level of H4 acetylation was not statistically different. Among LADA, CD4+ T lymphocytes H3 acetylation was associated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and GADA titer. Compared to healthy controls, the expression of histone acetyltransferases CREBBP in LADA patients was downregulated, and the expression of histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC7 was upregulated. Conclusion. A concerted downregulation of histone H3 acetylation was found in CD4+ T lymphocytes of LADA patients, and this might provide evidence of a novel epigenetic explanation for the pathogenesis of LADA and its complications.
Citation patterns in social psychology and clinical psychology articles in 1986 and 1996 : Good news for the social-clinical interface

Abstract An ongoing concern of scientists who promote the integration of clinical and social psychology is the question of whether social/personality approaches to clinical problems have an impact on mainstream clinical research and practice. We attempted to answer this question by surveying the extent to which clinical psychology articles contain citations from social psychology journals and vice versa. We examined every citation that appeared in 1986 and 1996 volumes of three prominent clinical/counseling psychology journals and two prominent social/personality psychology journals and coded the citation source as a clinical, social, social-clinical, medical, or “other” journal. Social psychology articles show considerable attention to clinical issues; there were few differences between 1986 and 1996. Citations in clinical journals revealed significant growth in references to articles from social/personality psychology journals. Journals and review articles explicitly concerned with the social-clinical i.
Outer trapped surfaces are dense near MOTSs

We show that any vacuum initial data set containing a marginally outer trapped surface S and satisfying a ‘no KIDs’ condition can be perturbed near S so that S becomes strictly outer trapped in the new vacuum initial data set. This, together with the results in Eichmair et al (2012), gives a precise sense in which generic initial data containing marginally outer trapped surfaces lead to geodesically incomplete spacetimes.
Growth or differentiation? Adaptive regeneration in the brittlestar Amphiura filiformis

SUMMARY Amphiura filiformis is a burrowing brittlestar, which extends arms in the water column when suspension feeding. In previous studies, unexpectedly high variability was observed in regeneration rate between individuals even when experiments were performed under identical conditions. The aims of this work were to understand this variability and interpret the observed variability in terms of adaptation to sublethal predation. Our experiments on the dynamics of arm regeneration in A. filiformis revealed that the developmental program during regeneration is well adapted to its burrowing life style. We demonstrate that there is a trade-off between regeneration in length and functional recovery for feeding (differentiation index). The amount of tissue lost (length lost), which represents the quantity of tissue needed to completely regenerate an intact arm with no previous history of regeneration, determines whether the arm will invest more energy in growth and/or in differentiation, which must be a reflection of the ability to differentially regulate developmental programs during regeneration. We show that combining regeneration rate with differentiation index provides an ideal tool for the definition of a standard temporal framework for both field and laboratory studies of regeneration.
Comparison of Fingerprint-Based Methods for Virtual Screening Using Multiple Bioactive Reference Structures

Fingerprint-based similarity searching is widely used for virtual screening when only a single bioactive reference structure is available. This paper reviews three distinct ways of carrying out such searches when multiple bioactive reference structures are available: merging the individual fingerprints into a single combined fingerprint; applying data fusion to the similarity rankings resulting from individual similarity searches; and approximations to substructural analysis. Extended searches on the MDL Drug Data Report database suggest that fusing similarity scores is the most effective general approach, with the best individual results coming from the binary kernel discrimination technique.
Landscape Changes Influence the Occurrence of the Melioidosis Bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei in Soil in Northern Australia

Background The soil-dwelling saprophyte bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei is the cause of melioidosis, a severe disease of humans and animals in southeast Asia and northern Australia. Despite the detection of B. pseudomallei in various soil and water samples from endemic areas, the environmental habitat of B. pseudomallei remains unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings We performed a large survey in the Darwin area in tropical Australia and screened 809 soil samples for the presence of these bacteria. B. pseudomallei were detected by using a recently developed and validated protocol involving soil DNA extraction and real-time PCR targeting the B. pseudomallei–specific Type III Secretion System TTS1 gene cluster. Statistical analyses such as multivariable cluster logistic regression and principal component analysis were performed to assess the association of B. pseudomallei with environmental factors. The combination of factors describing the habitat of B. pseudomallei differed between undisturbed sites and environmentally manipulated areas. At undisturbed sites, the occurrence of B. pseudomallei was found to be significantly associated with areas rich in grasses, whereas at environmentally disturbed sites, B. pseudomallei was associated with the presence of livestock animals, lower soil pH and different combinations of soil texture and colour. Conclusions/Significance This study contributes to the elucidation of environmental factors influencing the occurrence of B. pseudomallei and raises concerns that B. pseudomallei may spread due to changes in land use.
It Is Time to Get Medieval on the Overproduction of Pseudotheory: How Bacon (1267) and Alhazen (1021) Can Save Industrial–Organizational Psychology

Aguinis, Bradley, and Brodersen (2014) describe the increased role of theory in our field as more industrial–organizational (I–O) psychologists move from psychology departments into business schools. Similar observations have been noted by other I–O psychologists. Nearly 20 years ago, Sutton and Staw (1995) observed that the Journal of Applied Psychology and Personnel Psychology were largely empirical and deemphasized the role of theory; this is no longer the case today. However, incoming Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) President Cortina (2014)