Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpreting Student Views of Learning Experiences in a Contextualized Science Discourse in Kenya.

Despite the centrality of the informal manufacturing sector (Jua Kali) to the Kenyan society and its richness in scientific phenomena, there is no strong link between activities in the Jua Kali and school science. And, although there has been an ongoing public discourse in Kenya to industrialize, this hope is unlikely without connecting classroom science to the real world of the Jua Kali. In view of this concern, an interpretive case study was framed to investigate Kenyan high school students' views of contextualized science learning in culturally relevant real-world science curriculum. This article reports the analysis of Kenyan students' views of contextualized science learning and school science curriculum and instruction elicited through an interpretive case study approach employing interview methods. The analysis of interview data reveals that the participating students interviewed expressed views that: (1) acknowledged the richness of Jua Kali in scientific phenomena and embedded science; (2) indicated existence of a lack of meaningfulness and relevance in existing science curriculum and instruction model; (3) revealed experience of resonance of group and real life learning strategies modeled in the curriculum unit with their preferred learning modes; and (4) revealed their metacognitive assessment of the traditionally used and the new contextualized science modeled learning strategies. Thus, this article offers insight about the Kenyan students on their journey through the experience of contextualized science learning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 381-407, 2013
Prevalence of piroplasms in small ruminants in North-West Tunisia and the first genetic characterisation of Babesia ovis in Africa

In this study, the prevalence of piroplasms in sheep and goats was assessed with Giemsa-stained blood smear examination, PCR and nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to identify Babesia and Theileria species, respectively, in 338 small ruminants (172 sheep and 166 goats) from three sites in North-West Tunisia during the 2011 summer season. The overall infection prevalence of piroplasms in Giemsa-stained blood smears was 3.2% (11/338), with a parasitaemia ranging from 0.01 to 0.05%. PCR detected two species, namely Babesia ovis (in sheep and goats) and Theileria ovis (in sheep), with an overall prevalence of 16.3%. The molecular prevalence of B. ovis was significantly higher in sheep than in goats (17.4% and 9%, respectively, p = 0.034). The same trend was observed for T. ovis in sheep and goats (5.8% and 0%, respectively, p = 0.004). Comparison of the partial sequences of the 18S ssu rRNA gene revealed 100% similarity amongst Babesia from sheep and goats. The single Theileria sequence in this study showed 100% similarity to T. ovis. A high similarity with all the blasted genotypes was reported for Theileria and Babesia sequences. This is the first molecular detection of B. ovis and genetic characterisation of small ruminants’ piroplasms in Africa.
Family Life and School Achievement: Why Poor Black Children Succeed or Fail

Working mothers, broken homes, poverty, racial or ethnic background, poorly educated parents these are the usual reasons given for the academic problems of poor urban children. Reginald M. Clark contends, however, that such structural characteristics of families neither predict nor explain the wide variation in academic achievement among children. He emphasizes instead the total family life, stating that the most important indicators of academic potential are embedded in family culture. To support his contentions, Clark offers ten intimate portraits of Black families in Chicago. Visiting the homes of poor one- and two-parent families of high and low achievers, Clark made detailed observations on the quality of home life, noting how family habits and interactions affect school success and what characteristics of family life provide children with "school survival skills," a complex of behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge that are the essential elements in academic success. Clark's conclusions lead to exciting implications for educational policy. If school achievement is not dependent on family structure or income, parents can learn to inculcate school survival skills in their children. Clark offers specific suggestions and strategies for use by teachers, parents, school administrators, and social service policy makers, but his work will also find an audience in urban anthropology, family studies, and Black studies. "
Development of open‐field behavior in mice: Effects of age and experience

Offspring from each of two inbred strains of mice (BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J) and their reciprocal crosses were tested in an open-field apparatus at 10 ages, from 15 to 120 days. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed to assess separately the effects of age and prior test experience on open-field activity and defecation. Increased activity was associated with increased age in both strains and their F1 reciprocal hybrids; however, the magnitude of this effect was a function of the genotype. Defecation also increased initially in all groups as a function of age; but, at later ages, different groups exhibited rather dissimilar defecation patterns. Prior experience was found to decrease activity in the open field in inbred strains and their reciprocal hybrids. The effect of prior experience on defecation was more complex: Within the two inbred strains, prior experience had relatively little effect on the pattern of defecation; for the F1 hybrids, however, prior experience led to a significant increase in defecation at most ages. It was suggested that the differential effect of test experience on open-field activity and defecation represents a separation of two components of open-field behavior, “exploration” and “emotionality. ”
Regulation of an Osmoticum-Responsive Gene in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120

ABSTRACT Salt-induced genes in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 were identified by use of a Tn5-based transposon bearing luxAB as a reporter. The genomic sequence adjacent to one site of insertion of the transposon was identical in part to the sequence of thelti2 gene, which was previously identified in a differential screen for cold-induced transcripts in Anabaena variabilis. The lti2-like gene was induced by sucrose and other osmotica and by low temperature, in addition to salt. Regulatory components necessary for the induction of this gene by osmotica were sought by a further round of transposon mutagenesis. One mutant that displayed reduced transcriptional activity of thelti2-like gene in response to exposure to osmotica had an insertion in an open reading frame, which was denoted orrA, whose predicted product showed sequence similarity to response regulators from two-component regulatory systems. The corresponding mutation was reconstructed and was shown, like the second-site transposon mutation, to result in reduced response to osmotic stress. Induction of the lux reporter gene by osmotica was restored by complementation with a genomic fragment containing the entire open reading frame for the presumptive response regulator, whereas a fragment containing a truncated copy of the open reading frame for the response regulator did not complement the mutation.
Physical activity levels of individuals living in a group home

This study investigated the physical activity patterns of six adults living in a group home. Physical activity was measured by direct observation. Participants were observed for seven consecutive days for a total time of 564 hours and 13 minutes. Energy expenditure estimates were calculated from direct observation and Caltrac® accelerometer data. The intraclass correlation between energy expenditure estimates was. 83. On average per day, participants spent 10 hours lying down, 6 hours sitting, 3 hours standing, 3 hours undertaking personal tasks, and engaged in light to moderate sport, leisure or work at other times. Two participants met the Australian guidelines for physical activity participation; another met the guidelines when he was well. Walking for transport was found to offer a simple, cost neutral opportunity for each participant to meet physical activity guidelines if they could be trained to walk faster.
Localization of white matter volume increase in autism and developmental language disorder

Increased brain volume in autism appears to be driven mainly by an unexplained white matter enlargement, and we have reported a similar phenomenon in developmental language disorder (DLD). Localization of this enlargement would strongly guide research into its cause, tissue basis, and functional implications. We utilized a white matter parcellation technique that divides cerebral white matter into an outer zone containing the radiate compartment and an inner zone containing sagittal and bridging system compartments. In both high‐functioning autism and DLD, enlargement localized to the radiate white matter (all lobes in autism, all but parietal in DLD), whereas inner zone white matter compartments showed no volume differences from controls. Furthermore, in both autism and DLD, later or longer‐myelinating regions showed greater volume increases over controls. Neither group showed cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, or internal capsule volume differences from control. Radiate white matter myelinates later than deep white matter; this pattern of enlargement thus is consistent with striking postnatal head circumference percentile increases reported in autism. These findings suggest an ongoing postnatal process in both autism and DLD that is probably intrinsic to white matter, that primarily affects intrahemispheric and corticocortical connections, and that places these two disorders on the same spectrum.
Evolution of a drug trafficking network: Mapping changes in network structure and function across time

There is a growing body of research using social network analysis to study criminal networks. The great majority of this research examines networks at a single time point. Although there are theoretical approaches which hypothesise on how criminal networks develop and grow, little empirical research has been conducted on the growth of criminal networks over time. This project documents the growth of a drug trafficking network. The aims were to examine and describe structural and functional changes in a criminal network across time. We found that the density of the network remained somewhat stable over time, although the network became more decentralised at the final time point measured. Centrality scores for individual nodes showed significant changes over time. Individuals changed the roles performed across time, consistent with the changing needs and focus of the network. Overall, our results support the characterisation of networks as flexible and adaptive.
Why People Pass Along Online Video Advertising: From the Perspectives of the Interpersonal Communication Motives Scale and the Theory of Reasoned Action

This study employs the theory of reasoned action to explore factors influencing consumer intention to pass along online video advertisements. Structural equation modeling test results indicated that attitude toward passing along online video ads and subjective norm positively influenced intention. Among the six expected outcomes (pleasure, affection, inclusion, escape, relaxation, and control) identified via the Interpersonal Communication Motives (ICM) scale, only pleasure and escape had positive impacts on attitude. Finally, normative beliefs had positive influences on subjective norm. Implications regarding pass-along behaviors are discussed.
THE YARKOVSKY AND YORP EFFECTS: Implications for Asteroid Dynamics

The Yarkovsky and YORP (Yarkovsky-O’Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack) effects are thermal radiation forces and torques that cause small objects to undergo semimajor axis drift and spin vector modifications, respectively, as a function of their spin, orbit, and material properties. These mechanisms help to (a) deliver asteroids (and meteoroids) with diameter D < 40 km from their source locations in the main belt to chaotic resonance zones capable of transporting this material to Earth-crossing orbits; (b) disperse asteroid families, with drifting bodies jumping or becoming trapped in mean-motion and secular resonances within the main belt; (c) modify the rotation rates and obliquities of D < 40 km asteroids; and (d ) allow asteroids to enter into spin-orbit resonances, which affect the evolution of their spin vectors and feedback into the Yarkovsky-driven semimajor axis evolution. Accordingly, we suggest that nongravitational forces should now be considered as important as collisions and gravitational perturbations to our overall understanding of asteroid evolution.
Buffers in Bad News Messages and Recipient Perceptions

This article explores the accepted notion of promoting goodwill in a negative message through an “indirect” approach (which delays the rejection by providing buffers). There is a death of empirical work on this proposition. The present project has theoretical as well as managerial implications for organizations communicating internally and externally. The most significant findings suggested that (1) the goodwill of recipients of negative messages can be promoted by providing them with alternatives or solutions to their problems and (2) the placement of rejection had little correlation with recipient self-perceptions as well as their perceptions of the sender of the rejection message.
The Physcomitrella Genome Reveals Evolutionary Insights into the Conquest of Land by Plants

We report the draft genome sequence of the model moss Physcomitrella patens and compare its features with those of flowering plants, from which it is separated by more than 400 million years, and unicellular aquatic algae. This comparison reveals genomic changes concomitant with the evolutionary movement to land, including a general increase in gene family complexity; loss of genes associated with aquatic environments (e.g., flagellar arms); acquisition of genes for tolerating terrestrial stresses (e.g., variation in temperature and water availability); and the development of the auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathways for coordinating multicellular growth and dehydration response. The Physcomitrella genome provides a resource for phylogenetic inferences about gene function and for experimental analysis of plant processes through this plant's unique facility for reverse genetics.
Toward Green Narrative: Management and the Evolutionary Epic

We use a narrative perspective to explore the relevance of the sciences dealing with ecology for management theory and practice, presenting the issues of ecoscience from the perspective of green narrative, based on the "evolutionary epic. " Adopting an interpretive sensemaking perspective on narrative, we address the narratological basis of the evolutionary epic and examine the potential for the narrative to inform a new relationship between management and the natural environment. We suggest implications for management theory and practice by examining elements of the narrative.
Side Peaks Interference Suppression in DVB-T Based Passive Radar

Based on the analysis of the side peaks in passive radar using digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) signal, two methods for the side peaks interference suppression are presented: the side peaks identification (SPI) method and the side peaks elimination-intersection (SPE-I) method. The SPI method identifies the side peaks by their positions and amplitudes relative to the main peaks. The SPE-I method eliminates the intra-symbol side peaks and the inter-symbol side peaks by preprocessing the reference signal respectively, and obtains the main peaks from the intersection of the peak positions in the two cross-ambiguity function (CAF) diagrams. The SPI method can identify the side peaks without the power loss and may lose the main peaks masked by the side peaks. The SPE-I method can eliminate the side peaks and detect the main peaks masked by the side peaks at the expense of the power loss. Combination of the SPI method and the SPE-I method can overcome their disadvantages. The proposed methods can avoid the false alarms of the side peaks and improve the target detection performance.
The Nature of Professional Training and Perceptions of Adequacy in Dealing With Sexual Feelings in Psychotherapy: Experiences of Clinical Faculty

How do therapists learn to manage sexual feelings in the therapeutic relationship in an ethical, responsible manner? Data from 293 university-based psychotherapists show that the minority who report that their training prepared them to do so "very well" were more likely to have received "content-specific" training related to the topic or an opportunity to explore themselves as sexual beings, or both. In addition, they had experience with supervisors who modeled the belief that sexual feelings are a normal, expected part of any human relationship and must be anticipated and planned for by therapists.
Reranking Translation Candidates Produced by Several Bilingual Word Similarity Sources

We investigate the reranking of the output of several distributional approaches on the Bilingual Lexicon Induction task. We show that reranking an n-best list produced by any of those approaches leads to very substantial improvements. We further demonstrate that combining several n-best lists by reranking is an effective way of further boosting performance.
Determinants of the success of whole-genome association testing.

The convergence of an aging population and spiraling health care costs have produced a perfect storm of urgency for understanding the causal basis for common chronic disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. At issue is the role of genetics in providing solid, practical answers to contemporary public health challenges. The International HapMap Project has staked out ambitious claims, and the time to deliver on these promises approaches. We anticipate that analyses of HapMap data will suggest better study designs for identifying genetic variants that predict risk of chronic complex disorders. These studies will entail enormous costs, yet the answers to many important questions about the optimal design remain unanswered. The brave and the wealthy will be able to proceed without answers to these questions, and, indeed, some have experienced success (Hinds et al. 2004; Klein et al. 2005). At a time when many research groups are about to leap into the enterprise of whole-genome association testing, it seems prudent to reflect on assumptions that are being made and challenges that lie ahead. Our intent is not to question the fundamental idea of linkage disequilibrium mapping (Weiss and Terwilliger 2000), but rather to point out the hidden and untested assumptions implicit in using tag SNPs for linkage disequilibrium mapping of common diseases using samples from human populations. Our hope is to avoid expensive mistakes that may emerge if we ignore the assumptions related to study design and analysis, and blindly generate genotypes for large population studies with the hope that somehow LD mapping analysis will produce useful results. Some of the factors that will have an impact on the efficacy of HapMap for providing guidelines for whole-genome association testing can be summarized as follows:
A No-Go Theorem for Derandomized Parallel Repetition: Beyond Feige-Kilian

In this work we show a barrier towards proving a randomness-efficient parallel repetition, a promising avenue for achieving many tight inapproximability results. Feige and Kilian (STOC'95) proved an impossibility result for randomness-efficient parallel repetition for two prover games with small degree, i.e., when each prover has only few possibilities for the question of the other prover. In recent years, there have been indications that randomness-efficient parallel repetition (also called derandomized parallel repetition) might be possible for games with large degree, circumventing the impossibility result of Feige and Kilian. In particular, Dinur and Meir (CCC'11) construct games with large degree whose repetition can be derandomized using a theorem of Impagliazzo, Kabanets and Wigderson (SICOMP'12). However, obtaining derandomized parallel repetition theorems that would yield optimal inapproximability results has remained elusive. This paper presents an explanation for the current impasse in progress, by proving a limitation on derandomized parallel repetition. We formalize two properties which we call "fortification-friendliness" and "yields robust embeddings. " We show that any proof of derandomized parallel repetition achieving almost-linear blow-up cannot both (a) be fortification-friendly and (b) yield robust embeddings. Unlike Feige and Kilian, we do not require the small degree assumption. Given that virtually all existing proofs of parallel repetition, including the derandomized parallel repetition result of Dinur and Meir, share these two properties, our no-go theorem highlights a major barrier to achieving almost-linear derandomized parallel repetition.
The interaction between bilingualism, educational and social factors and foreign language learning in Iran

The main concern of the present study was to probe the probable differences between Iranian bilingual/monolingual learners of English regarding their syntactic knowledge. It was an attempt to investigate whether bilingual and monolingual learners of English differ significantly in learning embedded question, preposition stranding and pied piping knowledge. To carry out this study, a total of 399 male and female subjects at seven pre-university centers in Arak were randomly selected from among two groups of Turkish-Persian bilinguals and Persian monolinguals. A general English proficiency test, a questionnaire, and a syntactic structure test were administered to both groups. Statistical analyses including ANOVA, t-test, post-hoc Scheffe test, and descriptive statistics revealed the following outcomes: 1- Monolingual and bilingual learners did not differ in acquiring syntactic structure, 2- no significant difference was observed between gender of monolinguals and bilinguals’ performances in acquiring syntactic structure, 3-learners whose parents are in low educational level had significantly lower scores in syntactic structure compared to learners whose parents are in high educational level, 4- monolingual participants surpassed bilingual participants in general English proficiency, and 5- learners with high socioeconomic status (SES) had significantly higher scores in general English proficiency than learners from low SES. Key words: General English proficiency, socio-economic status, bilingualism, gender and third language learning.
A novel technique for content based image retrieval using color, texture and edge features

The massive growth of digital technology along with use of internet has increased the use of audio-visual data such as images and videos in many domains like digital museums, commercial use, crime prevention, medical images, remote sensing and so on. With increasing volume of digital data, search and retrieval of relevant images from large data sets in accurate and efficient way is a challenging problem. CBIR combines the contents or features of image like color, texture, edges rather than keywords, labels related to an imaie. This paper presents systematic literature review of various image retrieval techniques presenting the basic concepts and available methods with their research gaps. In this study, retrieval techniques based on features like HSV, Color Moment, HSV and Color Moment, Gabor Wavelet and Wavelet Transform, Edge Gradient are studied and implemented. An approach is proposed for retrieval based on combination of color, texture and edge features of image. Performance evaluation of studied image retrieval techniques and proposed technique is done using parameters like Sensitivity, Specificity, Retrieval score, Error rate and Accuracy. Experimental results of performance evaluation demonstrate that proposed technique outperforms other techniques.