Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Characteristics of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders Across Classroom Settings

Social Characteristics of Students with autism spectrum disorders across Classroom Settings The current study examined the differences in social characteristics between students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) primarily educated in full inclusion and non full inclusion classrooms. One hundred and forty six parents of children with ASD completed a questionnaire regarding the social experiences of their child. Results indicate that after controlling for severity of disability and age, higher social competence was related to placement in full inclusion classrooms. Regression analyses indicate that ASD severity predicted social competence and quality of friendships, and age and problem behaviour predicted the number of friends outside school. Implications for future studies are discussed. The rate of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in full inclusion classrooms has greatly increased over the last decade due to parent advocacy, advocacy of the educational community (Zigler & Hodapp, 1987), and the adoption of principles of normalization (Wolfensberger, 1972). One of the most cited benefits of inclusion for elementary school children with developmental disabilities is increased social interaction with typically developing peers, and the consequent development of appropriate social skills (e.g., Kennedy, Shikla, & Fryxell, 1997). Researchers have found that preschool students with disabilities in full inclusion classrooms spend more time observing and being in close proximity with peers, exhibit increased social interactions, and report larger social networks than students in non full inclusion classrooms (for a review see Buysse & Bailey, 1993). It is important to consider the characteristics of students that influence classroom placement decisions. Among students with ASD at the preschool and elementary school level, those who are younger, higher functioning, and exhibit fewer behavioural problems tend to be placed in full inclusion classrooms (Yianni-Coudurier et al., 2008; Eaves & Ho, 1997). Research has yet to investigate the relationship between social characteristics and friendship networks of youth with ASD and their classroom placement. Understanding social competencies and interaction patterns in various classroom settings is crucial for informing classroom placement decisions among children with ASD. The current study was undertaken to identify the relationships between placement in full inclusion and non full inclusion classrooms at the elementary school level and social characteristics of students with ASD. It was hypothesized © Ontario Association on Developmental Disabilities
T Emotion Monitor-Concept , Construction and Lessons Learned

This paper concerns the design and physical construction of an emotion monitor stand for tracking human emotions in Human-Computer Interaction using multi-modal approach. The concept of the stand using cameras, behavioral analysis tools and a set of physiological sensors such as galvanic skin response, blood-volume pulse, temperature, breath and electromyography is presented and followed by details of Emotion Monitor construction at Gdansk University of Technology. Some experiments are reported that were already held at the stand, providing observations on reliability, accuracy and value the stand might provide in human-systems interaction evaluation. The lessons learned at this particular stand might be interesting for the other researchers aiming at emotion monitoring in human-systems interaction.
Automatic pronunciation scoring of specific phone segments for language instruction

The aim of the work described in this paper is to develop methods for automatically assessing the pronunciation quality of specific phone segments uttered by students learning a foreign language. From the phonetic time alignments generated by SRI's Decipher™ HMM-based speech recognition system, we use various probabilistic models to produce pronunciation scores for the phone utterance. We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms by measuring how well the machine-produced scores correlate with human judgments on a large database. Of the various algorithms considered, the one based on phone log-posterior-probability produced the highest correlation (r xy = 0.72) with the human ratings, which was comparable with correlations between human raters.
Attention Deficit-hyperactivity Disorder in Children: Diagnostic Method and Comparison with Healthy Children

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders among children. It is associated with adverse complications for the children, their families, and the society in both short and long runs; therefore, finding solutions to correctly and timely diagnose the disease brings about numerous benefits. In this regard, the present study was carried out in order to examine the mean scores of neurological soft signs as a tool for more accurate and faster diagnosis among children with ADHD and compare them with healthy children. The present study was a descriptive analytical cross-sectional investigation that was carried out in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Imam Hussein Hospital. Twenty-five children aging 7-12 with ADHD were examined using attention deficit-hyperactivity checklist of DSM-IV, Conners Test, and 28-item Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES) (to examine neurological soft signs). Afterwards, the results were compared with those of 25 children without the disorder. The children with ADHD were all treated with Ritalin. The total scores in NES in the experimental group and the control group were respectively 11.4±4.14 and 5.6±79.2, and this difference was completely significant (P>0.0001). The experimental group obtained higher scores in glabellar reflex, quick alternative movements, and right-left separation compared to the control group. Given the significant difference between the children with ADHD and the healthy ones, these signs can probably be used to early diagnose the disorder and take faster steps toward preventing and treating it.
A Qualitative Census of Rural and Urban Poverty

If we want to build authentic evidence-based policy, we need a strong descriptive foundation of evidence on the everyday experience of poverty. The National Poverty Study (NPS), which is currently in development, provides this foundation with a new “qualitative census” of the everyday conditions of poverty in rural, suburban, and urban sites. The NPS will allow us to build new evidence-based theories of poverty, evaluate and improve existing place-based antipoverty policies, validate official poverty measures, and assist local communities in improving the safety net for vulnerable populations.
Executable misuse cases for modeling security concerns

Misuse cases are a way of modeling negative requirements, that is, behaviors that should not occur in a system. In particular, they can be used to model attacks on a system as well as the security mechanisms needed to avoid them. However, like use cases, misuse cases describe requirements in a high-level and informal manner. This means that, whilst they are easy to understand, they do not lend themselves to testing or analysis. In this paper, we present an executable misuse case modeling language which allows modelers to specify misuse case scenarios in a formal yet intuitive way and to execute the misuse case model in tandem with a corresponding use case model. Misuse scenarios are given in executable form and mitigations are captured using aspect-oriented modeling. The technique is useful for brainstorming potential attacks and their mitigations. Furthermore, the use of aspects allows mitigations to be maintained separately from the core system model. The paper, supported by a UML-based modeling tool, describes an application to two case studies, providing evidence that the technique can support red-teaming of security requirements for realistic systems.
Synaptic and membrane mechanisms underlying synchronized oscillations in the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus in vitro.

1. The cellular basis for generation of spindle waves and a slower synchronized oscillation resembling absence seizures was investigated with extracellular and intracellular recording techniques in slices of ferret dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) maintained in vitro. 2. Intracellular recording from LGNd relay cells in vitro revealed that spindle waves occurred once every 3‐30 s and were associated with barrages of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) occurring at a frequency of 6‐10 Hz. These IPSPs resulted in the generation of rebound low threshold Ca2+ spikes at 2‐4 Hz, owing to the intrinsic propensity of LGNd relay cells to generate oscillatory burst firing in this frequency range. These rebound bursts of action potentials were highly synchronized with local multiunit and single unit activity. 3. The spindle wave‐associated IPSPs in LGNd relay cells exhibited a mean reversal potential of ‐86 mV. This reversal potential was shifted to more depolarized membrane potentials with the intracellular injection of Cl‐ through the use of KCl‐filled microelectrodes. Simultaneous recording from the perigeniculate nucleus (PGN) and LGNd revealed the IPSPs to be synchronous with the occurrence of burst firing in the PGN. Excitation of PGN neurons with local electrical stimulation after pharmacological block of excitatory amino acid transmission resulted in bicuculline‐sensitive IPSPs in relay neurons similar in amplitude and time course to those occurring during spindle waves. 4. Application of (‐)‐bicuculline methiodide resulted in the abolition of spindle wave‐associated IPSPs or in the slowing of the rate of rise, an increase in amplitude and a prolongation of these IPSPs; this resulted in a synchronized 2‐4 Hz oscillation, in which each relay cell strongly burst on nearly every cycle, thus forming a paroxysmal event. Bath application of the GABAB receptor antagonist 2‐OH‐saclofen blocked these slowed oscillations, indicating that they are mediated by the activation of GABAB receptors. In contrast, pharmacological antagonism of GABAB receptors did not block the generation of normal spindle waves. 5. These and other results indicate that spindle waves are generated in the ferret LGNd in vitro as a network phenomenon occurring through an interaction between the relay cells of the LGNd and the GABAergic neurons of the PGN. We propose that burst firing in PGN cells hyperpolarizes relay neurons through activation of GABAA receptors. These IPSPs result in rebound burst firing in LGNd cells, which then excite PGN neurons. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Structural and algorithmic aspects of massive social networks

We study the algorithmic and structural properties of very large, realistic social contact networks. We consider the social network for the city of Portland, Oregon, USA, developed as a part of the TRANSIMS/EpiSims project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The most expressive social contact network is a bipartite graph, with two types of nodes: people and locations; edges represent people visiting locations on a typical day. Three types of results are presented. (i) Our empirical results show that many basic characteristics of the dataset are well-modeled by a random graph approach suggested by Fan Chung Graham and Lincoln Lu (the CL-model), with a power-law degree distribution. (ii) We obtain fast approximation algorithms for computing basic structural properties such as clustering coefficients and shortest paths distribution. We also study the dominating set problem for such networks; this problem arose in connection with optimal sensor-placement for disease-detection. We present a fast approximation algorithm for computing near-optimal dominating sets. (iii) Given the close approximations provided by the CL-model to our original dataset and the large data-volume, we investigate fast methods for generating such random graphs. We present methods that can generate such a random network in near-linear time, and show that these variants asymptotically share many key features of the CL-model, and also match the Portland social network.The structural results have been used to study the impact of policy decisions for controlling large-scale epidemics in urban environments.
MODELING EVOLVING CORONAL LOOPS WITH OBSERVATIONS FROM STEREO, HINODE, AND TRACE

The high densities, long lifetimes, and narrow emission measure distributions observed in coronal loops with apex temperatures near 1 MK are difficult to reconcile with physical models of the solar atmosphere. It has been proposed that the observed loops are actually composed of sub-resolution “threads” that have been heated impulsively and are cooling. We apply this heating scenario to nearly simultaneous observations of an evolving post-flare loop arcade observed with EUVI/STEREO, EIS/Hinode, XRT/Hinode, and TRACE. We find that it is possible to reproduce the extended loop lifetime, high electron density, and the narrow differential emission measure with a multi-thread hydrodynamic model provided that the timescale for the energy release is sufficiently short. The model, however, does not reproduce the evolution of the very high temperature emission observed with XRT. In XRT the emission appears diffuse and it may be that this discrepancy is simply due to the difficulty of isolating individual loops at these temperatures. This discrepancy may also reflect fundamental problems with our understanding of post-reconnection dynamics during the conductive cooling phase of loop evolution.
Development and Use of the California Healthy Kids Survey Military Module to Support Students in Military-connected Schools

Thisarticle describesthedevelopmentanduseoftheCaliforniaHealthyKidsSurveyMilitary Module to provide data about military-connected (MC) students and potential differential educational experiences of military versus nonmilitary youths and their families. Three military modules were developed and pilot tested and are now available for use statewide. These modules elicited information from students, parents, and school staff. Inquiries focused on issues relevant to MC students and explored their behavioral health risks, perceptions of school climate and resources, and mobility and deployment experiences. The process of creating these modules incorporated feedback from each of the targeted populations and a review of what is currently known about schools that serve military families. Results of this large-scale epidemiological study provide impetus for further research to elucidate experiences of MC youths. The project identifies and provides an empirical base to drive decision making on appropriate supports for military students. Results are used to identify needs and resources and assist the districts and principals in understanding the characteristics of the students and families they serve to increase optimal programming implementation.
Password Less Security System Using MultiFactor Biometric Fusion

— In this paper, we propose the use of audio and visual biometric features for person authentication instead of traditional single factor passwords and pins for secure access. Experiments performed on different gender specific subsets of data from VidTIMIT and UCBN multimedia databases under clean and noisy conditions show that with multifactor fusion, about 22-30% improvement in performance can be achieved with as compared to single factor-audio only or visual only mode even under noisy acoustic conditions
The Time Domain Factors Affecting EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension: a Study on Japanese EFL Learners

A bulk of research has been conducted to clarify the effect of speech rate and pause duration on listening comprehension. Some previous studies have shown that a slower speech rate facilitates listening comprehension, while others have yielded opposite results. The conflicting results imply that it is very difficult to specify the most appropriate speech rate for every EFL listener. This study aims to clarify experimentally how pause duration and articulation rates affect EFL learners’ listening comprehension by precisely controlling the two parameters: articulation rate and pause duration. Through two listening tests given to Japanese EFL learners, we obtained the result that longer pauses (450 ms) facilitate the listening comprehension of lower intermediate EFL learners, while slower articulation rate does not necessarily have a positive effect on learners’ listening comprehension. This means a pause inserted in a passage provides listeners with additional information processing time and thus enhances the comprehensibility of the aural input.
A Measurement Study of Low-Power Wireless

We present observations from empirical measurements of a low power wireless technology. Our observations provide insights in to the behavior of wireless links for traffics with small and long inter-packet durations. We explore the reasons for well known phenomena such as link asymmetries and correlated packet losses. Our observations are also applicable to similar wireless technologies such as 802.11 that operate in the same ISM band. Our observations have deep implications to the design of MAC, routing, retransmission and link estimation techniques.
Institutional Investors and Executive Compensation

We find that institutional ownership concentration is positively related to the pay-for-performance sensitivity of executive compensation and negatively related to the level of compensation, even after controlling for firm size, industry, investment opportunities, and performance. These results suggest that the institutions serve a monitoring role in mitigating the agency problem between shareholders and managers. Additionally, we find that clientele effects exist among institutions for firms with certain compensation structures, suggesting that institutions also influence compensation structures through their preferences. Copyright 2003 by the American Finance Association.
Optimal designs for the Michaelis–Menten model with correlated observations

In this paper we investigate the problem of designing experiments for generalized least-squares analysis in the Michaelis–Menten model. We study the structure of exact D-optimal designs in a model with an autoregressive error structure. Explicit results for locally D-optimal designs are derived for the case where two observations can be taken per subject. Additionally standardized maximin D-optimal designs are obtained in this case. The results illustrate the enormous difficulties to find exact optimal designs explicitly for nonlinear regression models with correlated observations.
Construction of

With the rapid development of information technology, AI technology is available in many ﬁelds, especially in education. The rapid integration of artiﬁcialintelligenceintotheeducationindustryhasbroughtunprecedentedoppor-tunitiesandchallengestothetraditionalideologicalandpoliticaleducationwork, andhasalsomadeitpossibletofullyshareandintegratehigh-qualityeducational resources. AIprovidesastrongtechnicalsupportforthediversiﬁcationandsci-entiﬁcreﬁnementofteachingandmanagement,butAItechnologystillremains tobecompleted.Therearestillmanyshortcomingsininformationanalysisand processing.Thispapermainlydiscusseshowtousetheideologicalandpolitical educationincollegesanduniversities,useartiﬁcialintelligenceintegrationtech-nologyresources,createagoodenvironment,improvetheregulatorymeasures, improvethequalityofteachers,enhancetheabilityofstudents,aimstoenhance theapplicationofartiﬁcialintelligencetechnologyintheeducationindustry,soas tospeeduptheeducationprocess,promotethefurtherdevelopmentofstudents.
Skeletal metastasis: treatments, mouse models, and the Wnt signaling

Skeletal metastases result in significant morbidity and mortality. This is particularly true of cancers with a strong predilection for the bone, such as breast, prostate, and lung cancers. There is currently no reliable cure for skeletal metastasis, and palliative therapy options are limited. The Wnt signaling pathway has been found to play an integral role in the process of skeletal metastasis and may be an important clinical target. Several experimental models of skeletal metastasis have been used to find new biomarkers and test new treatments. In this review, we discuss pathologic process of bone metastasis, the roles of the Wnt signaling, and the available experimental models and treatments.
Body Parts and the First 100 Verbs

This paper reports a computational analysis of the semantic structure of the first 103 verbs typically learned by young speakers of English, relative to their relation to body parts. The results suggest that early verbs are strongly related to body parts, and tend to be organized to just four main body regions: mouth, eyes, legs, hands. The results also suggest that similarities among verbs in associated body parts may influence children’s acquisitions of those verbs. The results fit with growing behavioral and neuro-imaging results on the role of the body – and sensory-motor interactions in the world – in verb meanings.
Integration of Teaching Processes and Learning Assessment in the Prefrontal Cortex during a Video Game Teaching–learning Task

Human teaching is a social interaction that supports reciprocal and dynamical feedback between the teacher and the student. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a region of particular interest due to its demonstrated role in social interaction. In the present study, we evaluated the PFC activity simultaneously in two individuals playing the role of a teacher and student in a video game teaching–learning task. For that, we used two wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices in order to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive interactions between teachers and students. Fifteen teacher–student pairs in total (N = 30) participated in this study. Each teacher was instructed to teach the video game to their student partner, without speaking. The PFC activity was simultaneously evaluated in both participants using a wearable 16-channel NIRS system during the video game teaching–learning task. Two sessions, each including a triplet of a 30-s teaching–learning task, were performed in order to evaluate changes in PFC activity after advancement of teaching–learning state. Changes in the teachers’ left PFC activity between the first and second session positively correlated with those observed in students (r = 0.694, p = 0.004). Moreover, among teachers, multiple regression analysis revealed a correlation between the left PFC activity and the assessment gap between one’s own teaching and the student’s understanding (β = 0.649, p = 0.009). Activity in the left PFC changed synchronously in both teachers and students after advancement of the teaching–learning state. The left PFC of teachers may be involved in integrating information regarding one’s own teaching process and the student’s learning state. The present observations indicate that simultaneous recording and analysis of brain activity data during teacher–student interactions may be useful in the field of educational neuroscience.