Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seeing is Believing: Using Film for Teaching Issues of Diversity in Sport

Given that both classrooms and respective industry workforces are made up of heterogeneous groups of individuals, sport academics must make purposeful efforts to teach aspects of diversity. Film provides a valuable media form that can positively contribute to the teaching concepts of diversity. Educators may find that film implementation aids in facilitating student learning and knowledge retention. Film provides the opportunity for students to reflect upon relevant issues. This paper previews the potential of film as a scholarly resource for teaching diversity concepts in higher education sport academia, and provides insights and suggestions for effective implementation.
Expression of protein kinase C in song control nuclei of deafened adult male Bengalese finches

Auditory feedback is necessary to maintain singing in the adult male Bengalese finch (songbirds/oscines). Their song patterns are altered within a month following cochlear removal-induced deafness. Stabilization of song patterns occurs thereafter. To clarify what kind of changes appear in the brain of deafened birds, we examined immunohistochemically the expression of protein kinase C (PKC), considered a molecular marker for synaptic plasticity, in the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA), one of the song control nuclei in the forebrain of finches. Two weeks after cochlear removal, immunoreactive fibers and terminals in the RA transiently increased, and thereafter tended to decrease gradually. Moreover, the degree of song alteration and stability paralleled these changes in the RA. The immunoreactivity of the RA remained unchanged in intact birds. These results indicate that surgical deafening increases the expression of PKC in the RA. These changes in the RA are related to the alteration of song patterns in the deafened adult Bengalese finch.
Finding Structure in Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning addresses the problem of learning to select actions in order to maximize one's performance in unknown environments. To scale reinforcement learning to complex real-world tasks, such as typically studied in AI, one must ultimately be able to discover the structure in the world, in order to abstract away the myriad of details and to operate in more tractable problem spaces. This paper presents the SKILLS algorithm. SKILLS discovers skills, which are partially defined action policies that arise in the context of multiple, related tasks. Skills collapse whole action sequences into single operators. They are learned by minimizing the compactness of action policies, using a description length argument on their representation. Empirical results in simple grid navigation tasks illustrate the successful discovery of structure in reinforcement learning.
Polar Bioactive Constituents from Aerial Parts of Thymus longicaulis C. Presl

Thymus longicaulis C. Presl. , belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is a small aromatic perennial herb typical of the Mediterranean vegetation. This species, known in traditional phytoteraphy of Italy, has been extensively investigated in terms of chemical analysis and biological activity of its essential oils. Nevertheless, few data are available in the literature, regarding the chemical characterization of polar components of T. longicaulis. In this study, the phytochemical investigation of methanol extract of T. longicaulis through different chromatographic techniques, led to the isolation of thirteen compounds. The structures of rosmarinic acid and two derivatives, as well as that of flavones, triterpenes and a lignan have been elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR spectroscopic analyses. The evaluation of DPPH radical scavenging activity of pure compounds has been performed. Corresponding authors: Brigida, D’Abrosca. Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, Italy; Tel: +39-0823-274564; E-mail: brigida.dabrosca@unina2.it Received Date: 22 February, 2016 Accepted Date: 29 February, 2016 Published Date: 3 March, 2016 Citation: D’Abrosca, B. , et al. Polar Bioactive Constituents from Aerial Parts of Thymus Longicaulis C. Presl. (2016) Lett Health Biol Sci 1(1): 14. Lett Health Biol Sci | volume 1: issue 1 www.ommegaonline. com
Compression Artifacts Reduction by a Deep Convolutional Network

Lossy compression introduces complex compression artifacts, particularly the blocking artifacts, ringing effects and blurring. Existing algorithms either focus on removing blocking artifacts and produce blurred output, or restores sharpened images that are accompanied with ringing effects. Inspired by the deep convolutional networks (DCN) on super-resolution, we formulate a compact and efficient network for seamless attenuation of different compression artifacts. We also demonstrate that a deeper model can be effectively trained with the features learned in a shallow network. Following a similar "easy to hard" idea, we systematically investigate several practical transfer settings and show the effectiveness of transfer learning in low level vision problems. Our method shows superior performance than the state-of-the-arts both on the benchmark datasets and the real-world use cases (i.e. Twitter).
There Goes the Neighborhood? People’s Attitudes and the Effects of Immigration to Australia

This paper compares the effects of immigration flows on economic outcomes and crime levels to the public opinion about these effects using individual and regional data for Australia. We employ an instrumental variables strategy to account for non-random location choices of immigrants and find that immigration has no adverse effects on regional unemployment rates, median incomes, or crime levels. This result is in line with the economic effects that people typically expect but does not confirm the public opinion about the contribution of immigration to higher crime levels, suggesting that Australians overestimate the effect of immigration on crime.
Model‐oriented naming therapy: Testing predictions of a connectionist model

Background: The two versions of the connectionist model of Dell and colleagues offer alternative explanations of aphasic naming disorders (Dell, Schwartz, Martin, Saffran, & Gagnon, 1997; Foygel & Dell, 2000). The semantic‐phonological (SP) model hypothesises impairments in lexical‐semantic or lexical‐phonological connections, and the weight‐decay (WD) model assumes global impairments in either connection weights or activation decay. In each version, a patient's error pattern in picture naming is simulated to assess the underlying disorder (connectionist “diagnosis”). A systematic comparison of both model versions in model‐oriented naming therapy has not yet been performed. Moreover, if the normalisation of the error pattern during recovery is lesion‐specific, as suggested in the SP model (Schwartz, Dell, Martin, Gahl, & Sobel, 2006), this should be observable in the patient data. Aims: Predictions were made and tested regarding the relation between (1) connectionist diagnosis and therapy outcome, and (2) connectionist diagnosis and error pattern development. For example, patients with phonological disorders in the SP model should (1) benefit more from phonological as compared to semantic therapy, and (2) present a decrease of nonwords in their naming responses. Methods & Procedures: The connectionist diagnosis and a 4‐week therapy with cueing hierarchies (Howard, 2000; Wambaugh et al., 2001) were administered to 10 German‐speaking aphasic patients with naming disorders. Six patients, who had been diagnosed by the SP model, received semantic and phonological therapy. The other four patients, diagnosed by the WD model, received increasing and vanishing therapy (Abel, Schultz, Radermacher, Willmes, & Huber, 2005). Outcomes & Results: Cueing therapy was generally effective for 9 of 10 patients. The trend of improvement was always found in the direction predicted by the connectionist diagnosis, except for two patients diagnosed by the SP model who presented a numerical trend in the opposite direction. Nevertheless, the SP model offered a more plausible explanation of lesion‐specific therapy outcomes, and it properly predicted the error pattern development. Moreover, the errorless learning procedure applied in vanishing therapy was favourable for patients with phonological (SP model) or weight (WD model) lesions, and this may be attributed to their characteristic error types and an impairment of editorial processes. Conclusions: Models can be informative about the effectiveness of potential therapies and error pattern developments. Data from therapy studies can test competing models.
Perceptions, causes and consequences of infertility among the Chenchu tribe of India

Infertility has been neglected as both a health and a social problem in India generally and among tribes specifically. Infertility is considered a curse for women, especially in India where the female partner is blamed in almost all cases. This study is based on the Chenchu tribe of the Nallamalai forest area, India. The main objective of this study is to highlight important aspects of infertility, such as perceptions, causes, and treatment‐seeking behaviour. The other objective is to show the relation between infertility and inheritance, remarriage, divorce pattern, beliefs and practices. Qualitative techniques such as participant observation, in‐depth interviews and unstructured key informant interviews were administered towards the fulfilment of the objectives. Chenchus relate infertility to spirits and dietary habits, and their treatment‐seeking behaviour is based on their traditional knowledge of herbs and spiritual beliefs. Umbilical cord consumption is also considered as a remedy for infertility. The actual cause of infertility is related to sexually transmitted diseases, abortions, and adolescent sterility. There is a pressing need for imparting both preventive and curative biomedical care.
Local Search Approximation Algorithms for the Complement of the Mink-Cut Problems

Min-k-cut is the problem of partitioning vertices of a given graph or hypergraph into k subsets such that the total weight of edges or hyperedges crossing different subsets is minimized. For the capacitated min-k-cut problem, each edge has a nonnegative weight, and each subset has a possibly different capacity that imposes an upper bound on its size. The objective is to find a partition that minimizes the sum of edge weights on all pairs of vertices that lie in different subsets. The min-k-cut problem is NP-hard for k ≥ 3, and the capacitated min-k-cut problem is also NP-hard for k ≥ 2. Min-k-cut has numerous applications, for example, VLSI circuit partitioning, which is a key step in VLSI CAD. Although many heuristics have been proposed for min-k-cut problems, there are few approximation results of min-k-cut problems. We study the equivalent complement problem of the min-k-cut problem, which attempts to maximize the total weight of edges in every subset. We extend the method proposed in [15] to present deterministic local search approximation algorithms for the complement problem of the min-k-cut problem, and the complement problem of the capacitated min-k-cut problem on graph with performance ratio 1 k .
The Differential Impact of Education on Young People’s Political Activism: Comparing Italy and the United Kingdom

Abstract It is a common theme in the literature on voter turnout that advanced Western democracies have entered a period of political disengagement and that it is young people, in particular, that participate less. In this paper, I analyse data from the three waves of the European Social Survey and show that while young people are in general less likely to be politically involved than their elders, these differences are greater in the United Kingdom than in Italy. In addition, I show that controlling for education accounts for differences in political participation between young and older people in Italy. However, education does not appear to mediate youth political involvement in the United Kingdom so that normative concerns about youth political disengagement appear to be more appropriate for the latter of the two countries.
Up‐regulation of GAD65 and GAD67 in remaining hippocampal GABA neurons in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy

In the pilocarpine model of chronic limbic seizures, subpopulations of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)‐containing neurons within the hilus of the dentate gyrus and stratum oriens of the CA1 hippocampal region are vulnerable to seizure‐induced damage. However, many γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons remain in these and other regions of the hippocampal formation. To determine whether long‐term changes occur in the main metabolic pathway responsible for GABA synthesis in remaining GABA neurons, the levels of mRNA and protein labeling for the two forms of GAD (GAD65 and GAD67) were studied in pilocarpine‐treated animals that had developed spontaneous seizures. Qualitative and semiquantitative analyses of nonradioactive in situ hybridization experiments demonstrated marked increases in the relative amounts of GAD65 and GAD67 mRNAs in remaining hippocampal GABA neurons. In addition, immunohistochemical studies demonstrated parallel increases in the intensity of terminal labeling for both GAD65 and GAD67 isoforms throughout the hippocampal formation. These increases were most striking for GAD65, the isoform of GAD that is particularly abundant in axon terminals. These findings demonstrate that, in a neuronal network that is capable of generating seizures, both GAD65 and GAD67 are up‐regulated at the gene and protein levels in the remaining GABA neurons of the hippocampal formation. This study provides further evidence for the complexity of changes in the GABA system in this model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J. Comp. Neurol. 412:488–505, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“I’m Just Not Like that”: Investigating the Intergenerational Cycle of Violence

This article reports the findings of a study designed to investigate the following question: How do some childhood witnesses of domestic violence make sense of their nonviolence in adult intimate relationships? The results of in-depth semistructured interviews with adults who grew up witnessing violence but who are not violent in their intimate relationships are reported. External factors and the participants’ attention to the punishments associated with the violence they had witnessed played the largest roles in helping these men see alternatives to acting violently in their own intimate relationships.
Physiological and anthropometric determinants of sport climbing performance

Objective—To identify the physiological and anthropometric determinants of sport climbing performance. Methods—Forty four climbers (24 men, 20 women) of various skill levels (self reported rating 5.6–5.13c on the Yosemite decimal scale) and years of experience (0.10–44 years) served as subjects. They climbed two routes on separate days to assess climbing performance. The routes (11 and 30 m in distance) were set on two artificial climbing walls and were designed to become progressively more difficult from start to finish. Performance was scored according to the system used in sport climbing competitions where each successive handhold increases by one in point value. Results from each route were combined for a total climbing performance score. Measured variables for each subject included anthropometric (height, weight, leg length, arm span, % body fat), demographic (self reported climbing rating, years of climbing experience, weekly hours of training), and physiological (knee and shoulder extension, knee flexion, grip, and finger pincer strength, bent arm hang, grip endurance, hip and shoulder flexibility, and upper and lower body anaerobic power). These variables were combined into components using a principal components analysis procedure. These components were then used in a simultaneous multiple regression procedure to determine which components best explain the variance in sport rock climbing performance. Results—The principal components analysis procedure extracted three components. These were labelled training, anthropometric, and flexibility on the basis of the measured variables that were the most influential in forming each component. The results of the multiple regression procedure indicated that the training component uniquely explained 58.9% of the total variance in climbing performance. The anthropometric and flexibility components explained 0.3% and 1.8% of the total variance in climbing performance respectively. Conclusions—The variance in climbing performance can be explained by a component consisting of trainable variables. More importantly, the findings do not support the belief that a climber must necessarily possess specific anthropometric characteristics to excel in sport rock climbing.
Regional Restructuring, Class Change, and Political Action: Preliminary Comments on the 1984–1985 Miners' Strike in South Wales

This paper sets out an analysis of the determination of the character of the 1984–1985 miners' strike. This character is to be understood in terms of the continuities between the strike and preceding developments in terms of (1) the reorganisation of the British coal industry, (2) wider patterns of change in the economic and social structure of the coalfields, and (3) active and self-conscious political organisation, especially within the National Union of Mineworkers and left political parties. By means of a detailed analysis of the South Wales coalfield, the highly differentiated regional character of these developments is demonstrated.
Narcissism, Low Self-Control, and Violence Among a Nationally Representative Sample

A growing body of evidence has highlighted the relationship between narcissism and violence. Importantly, however, the predominance of this evidence comes from experimental tests or small-scale samples that most often overlook the contribution of low self-control to explicating the relationship. The present study refers to the National Epidemiological Study of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) to assess narcissism, low self-control, and violence among a nationally representative sample. Using Latent Class Analyses (LCA), four classes of individuals are identified, and multinomial regression models indicate that narcissism and low self-control are associated with a range of violent acts among these groups. Most importantly, results show that the class of individuals that is high in narcissism and deficient in self-control is far and away the most prone to violence. Together, these findings lend important nationally representative support to recent experimental and meta-analytical conclusions suggesting that the co-occurrence of narcissism and low self-control has significant implications for our understanding of violence. Limitations of this study and avenues for future research are discussed.
Refined upper bounds on the expected runtime of non-elitist populations from fitness-levels

Recently, an easy-to-use fitness-level technique was introduced to prove upper bounds on the expected runtime of randomised search heuristics with non-elitist populations and unary variation operators. Following this work, we present a new and much more detailed analysis of the population dynamics, leading to a significantly improved fitness-level technique. In addition to improving the technique, the proof has been simplified. From the new fitness-level technique, the upper bound on the runtime in terms of generations can be improved from linear to logarithmic in the population size. Increasing the population size therefore has a smaller impact on the runtime than previously thought. To illustrate this improvement, we show that the current bounds on the runtime of EAs with non-elitist populations on many example functions can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, the new fitness-level technique makes the relationship between the selective pressure and the runtime of the algorithm explicit. Surprisingly, a very weak selective pressure is sufficient to optimise many functions in expected polynomial time. This observation has important consequences of which some are explored in a companion paper.
Solar geoengineering to limit the rate of temperature change

Solar geoengineering has been suggested as a tool that might reduce damage from anthropogenic climate change. Analysis often assumes that geoengineering would be used to maintain a constant global mean temperature. Under this scenario, geoengineering would be required either indefinitely (on societal time scales) or until atmospheric CO2 concentrations were sufficiently reduced. Impacts of climate change, however, are related to the rate of change as well as its magnitude. We thus describe an alternative scenario in which solar geoengineering is used only to constrain the rate of change of global mean temperature; this leads to a finite deployment period for any emissions pathway that stabilizes global mean temperature. The length of deployment and amount of geoengineering required depends on the emissions pathway and allowable rate of change, e.g. in our simulations, reducing the maximum approximately 0.3°C per decade rate of change in an RCP 4.5 pathway to 0.1°C per decade would require geoengineering for 160 years; under RCP 6.0, the required time nearly doubles. We demonstrate that feedback control can limit rates of change in a climate model. Finally, we note that a decision to terminate use of solar geoengineering does not automatically imply rapid temperature increases: feedback could be used to limit rates of change in a gradual phase-out.
Tethering of the Conserved piggyBac Transposase Fusion Protein CSB-PGBD3 to Chromosomal AP-1 Proteins Regulates Expression of Nearby Genes in Humans

The CSB-PGBD3 fusion protein arose more than 43 million years ago when a 2.5-kb piggyBac 3 (PGBD3) transposon inserted into intron 5 of the Cockayne syndrome Group B (CSB) gene in the common ancestor of all higher primates. As a result, full-length CSB is now coexpressed with an abundant CSB-PGBD3 fusion protein by alternative splicing of CSB exons 1–5 to the PGBD3 transposase. An internal deletion of the piggyBac transposase ORF also gave rise to 889 dispersed, 140-bp MER85 elements that were mobilized in trans by PGBD3 transposase. The CSB-PGBD3 fusion protein binds MER85s in vitro and induces a strong interferon-like innate antiviral immune response when expressed in CSB-null UVSS1KO cells. To explore the connection between DNA binding and gene expression changes induced by CSB-PGBD3, we investigated the genome-wide DNA binding profile of the fusion protein. CSB-PGBD3 binds to 363 MER85 elements in vivo, but these sites do not correlate with gene expression changes induced by the fusion protein. Instead, CSB-PGBD3 is enriched at AP-1, TEAD1, and CTCF motifs, presumably through protein–protein interactions with the cognate transcription factors; moreover, recruitment of CSB-PGBD3 to AP-1 and TEAD1 motifs correlates with nearby genes regulated by CSB-PGBD3 expression in UVSS1KO cells and downregulated by CSB rescue of mutant CS1AN cells. Consistent with these data, the N-terminal CSB domain of the CSB-PGBD3 fusion protein interacts with the AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun and with RNA polymerase II, and a chimeric CSB-LacI construct containing only the N-terminus of CSB upregulates many of the genes induced by CSB-PGBD3. We conclude that the CSB-PGBD3 fusion protein substantially reshapes the transcriptome in CS patient CS1AN and that continued expression of the CSB-PGBD3 fusion protein in the absence of functional CSB may affect the clinical presentation of CS patients by directly altering the transcriptional program.