Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning motion-difference features using Gaussian restricted Boltzmann machines for efficient human action recognition

Learning visual words from video frames is challenging because deciding which word to assign to each subset of frames is a difficult task. For example, two similar frames may have different meanings in describing human actions such as starting to run and starting to walk. In order to associate richer information to vector-quantization and generate visual words, several approaches have been proposed recently that use complex algorithms to extract or learn spatio-temporal features from 3-D volumes of video frames. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to use Gaussian RBMs for learning motion-difference features from actions in videos. The difference between two video frames is defined by a subtraction function of one frame by another that preserves positive and negative changes, thus creating a simple spatio-temporal saliency map for an action. This subtraction function removes, by construction, the common shapes and background images that should not be relevant for action learning and recognition, and highlights the movement patterns in space, making it easier to learn the actions from such saliency maps using shallow feature learning models such as RBMs. In the experiments reported in this paper, we used a Gaussian restricted Boltzmann machine to learn the actions from saliency maps of different motion images. Despite its simplicity, the motion-difference method achieved very good performance in benchmark datasets, specifically the Weizmann dataset (98.81%) and the KTH dataset (88.89%). A comparative analysis with hand-crafted and learned features using similar classifiers indicates that motion-difference can be competitive and very efficient.
Preoperative Prognostic Value of MRI Findings in 108 Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

MRI studies in 108 patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension were reviewed. Findings that aided in the selection of candidates for shunt placement and predicted a positive postsurgical outcome included a small callosal angle, wide temporal horns, and disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid spaces. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging is used in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of several imaging features and their prognostic use in the selection of shunt candidates with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative MR imaging scans of the brain were retrospectively evaluated in 108 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus who had undergone a standardized, clinical evaluation before and 12 months after shunt surgery. The MR imaging features investigated were the Evans index, callosal angle, narrow sulci at the high convexity, dilation of the Sylvian fissure, diameters of the third ventricle and temporal horns, disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus, flow void through the aqueduct, focal bulging of the roof of the lateral ventricles, deep white matter hyperintensities, periventricular hyperintensities, and focal widening of sulci and aqueductal stenosis. RESULTS: In logistic regression models, with shunt outcome as a dependent variable, the ORs for the independent variables, callosal angle, disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus, and temporal horns, were significant (P < .05), both in univariate analyses and when adjusted for age, sex, and previous stroke. CONCLUSIONS: A small callosal angle, wide temporal horns, and occurrence of disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus are common in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and were significant predictors of a positive shunt outcome. These noninvasive and easily assessed radiologic markers could aid in the selection of candidates for shunt surgery.
Clinical standards for specialist community rehabilitation services in the UK

Objective: To develop a set of clinical standards for specialist community rehabilitation services in the UK and to undertake a preliminary survey of consultants who provide those services. Design and methods: The proposed set of standards was adapted from the previously published standards for inpatient services, by a working party of the British Society for Rehabilitation Medicine (BSRM). Consensus was then achieved by an iterative consultation process in five rounds. A postal survey was conducted on behalf of the BSRM amongst its consultant members providing community rehabilitation services in the UK, who were asked to assess their services in relation to these standards, and to comment on the standards themselves, their usefulness and applicability. Results: Fifty consultants who ran specialist community rehabilitation services agreed to participate, of whom 29 (58%) actually responded. Overall, the standards appeared to be acceptable to most, and mainly struck the right level, being attained by the majority of services. Twenty-five (89%) felt the standards were helpful and 26 (93%) felt that they covered the main aspects of specialist community rehabilitation services: 23 (79%) found them at least partially applicable to their own service. Conclusions: Proposed clinical standards have been developed for specialist community rehabilitation services in the UK. It is likely that they will require further refinement with time, and modification is required to adapt them to different subspecialities and settings.
Subspace Gaussian Mixture Models for speech recognition

We describe an acoustic modeling approach in which all phonetic states share a common Gaussian Mixture Model structure, and the means and mixture weights vary in a subspace of the total parameter space. We call this a Subspace Gaussian Mixture Model (SGMM). Globally shared parameters define the subspace. This style of acoustic model allows for a much more compact representation and gives better results than a conventional modeling approach, particularly with smaller amounts of training data.
Antitumor Activity of ZD 1694 ( Tomudex ) against Human Head and Neck Cancer in Nude Mouse Models : Role of Dosing Schedule and Plasma Thymidine 1

We studied the antitumor activity and toxicity of ZD1694 (tomudex), a specific inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS), in nude mice bearing human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma A253 and FaDu xenografts. Mice were treated by single i.v. push (i.v.3 1), i.v. push once a week for 3 weeks (weekly3 3), and i.v. push once a day for 5 days (daily 3 5), and the maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) of ZD1694 were 300 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg/week, and 30 mg/kg/day, respectively. ZD1694 was moderately active against both A253 and FaDu xenografts. Antitumor activity was schedule-dependent in both tumors: weekly 3 3> i.v. 3 1 . daily 3 5. In contrast, the rank order of toxicity was daily 3 5 . weekly 3 3 > i.v. 3 1. ZD1694 at the MTD produced 20% complete tumor regression and 20% partial tumor regression (PR) with i.v. 3 1 and weekly3 3 schedules and 12-day tumor growth delay with daily3 5 schedule against FaDu xenografts. No complete tumor regression was achieved with ZD1694 with any schedule against A253; a 20% PR, 40% PR, and 10-day tumor growth delay were observed with i.v. 3 1, weekly3 3, and daily 3 5 schedules, respectively. The data indicate that ZD1694 was slightly more effective against FaDu than against A253. Of interest and potential clinical importance was the observation that ZD1694 was still active at doses lower than the MTD ( >/3 MTD), which showed a high therapeutic index and wide safety margin. Study of ZD1694 compared with 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluoro-2*-deoxyuridine at the MTD revealed that the antitumor activity of ZD1694 was comparable with or superior to 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluoro-2*-deoxyuridine against both A253 and FaDu xenografts, with less toxicity. High plasma thymidine in mouse relative to human ('1.3 mM and <0.1 mM, respectively) may complicate the study of antitumor activity and toxicity of TS inhibitors with human tumor xenografts grown in the mouse. To test this hypothesis, we preadministered methoxypolyethyleneglycolconjugated thymidine phosphorylase (MPEG-TPase; 2500 units/kg/dose) to reduce mouse plasma thymidine, then treated with various doses of ZD1694 using the daily3 5 or i.v. 3 1 schedules in the A253 tumor model. MPEG-TPase significantly increased the toxicity of ZD1694; the MTD of ZD1694 plus MPEG-TPase was reduced 3and 10-fold compared with ZD1694 alone for i.v 3 1 and daily 3 5 schedules, respectively. However, preadministration of MPEGTPase did not potentiate the antitumor activity of ZD1694 with either schedule. The data indicate that the study of TS inhibitors in rodent models may not be suitable for predicting a safe dose for clinical study. However, rodent models, particularly human tumor xenografts, are still useful models for evaluation of antitumor activity and schedule selection for TS inhibitors.
Movement‐related neuromagnetic fields in preschool age children

We examined sensorimotor brain activity associated with voluntary movements in preschool children using a customized pediatric magnetoencephalographic system. A videogame‐like task was used to generate self‐initiated right or left index finger movements in 17 healthy right‐handed subjects (8 females, ages 3.2–4.8 years). We successfully identified spatiotemporal patterns of movement‐related brain activity in 15/17 children using beamformer source analysis and surrogate MRI spatial normalization. Readiness fields in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex began ∼0.5 s prior to movement onset (motor field, MF), followed by transient movement‐evoked fields (MEFs), similar to that observed during self‐paced movements in adults, but slightly delayed and with inverted source polarities. We also observed modulation of mu (8–12 Hz) and beta (15–30 Hz) oscillations in sensorimotor cortex with movement, but with different timing and a stronger frequency band coupling compared to that observed in adults. Adult‐like high‐frequency (70–80 Hz) gamma bursts were detected at movement onset. All children showed activation of the right superior temporal gyrus that was independent of the side of movement, a response that has not been reported in adults. These results provide new insights into the development of movement‐related brain function, for an age group in which no previous data exist. The results show that children under 5 years of age have markedly different patterns of movement‐related brain activity in comparison to older children and adults, and indicate that significant maturational changes occur in the sensorimotor system between the preschool years and later childhood. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4858–4875, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The design of POSTGRES

This paper presents the preliminary design of a new database management system, called POSTGRES, that is the successor to the INGRES relational database system. The main design goals of the new system are toprovide better support for complex objects, provide user extendibility for data types, operators and access methods, provide facilities for active databases (i.e., alerters and triggers) and inferencing including forward- and backward-chaining, simplify the DBMS code for crash recovery, produce a design that can take advantage of optical disks, workstations composed of multiple tightly-coupled processors, and custom designed VLSI chips, and make as few changes as possible (preferably none) to the relational model. The paper describes the query language, programming language interface, system architecture, query processing strategy, and storage system for the new system.
Update on lipids and mitochondrial function: impact of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Purpose of reviewRecent evidence has linked n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation with dramatic alterations of mitochondrial phospholipid membranes and favorable changes in mitochondrial function. In the present review, we examine the novel effects of n-3 PUFA on mitochondria, with an emphasis on cardiac mitochondrial phospholipids. Recent findingsThere is growing evidence that dietary n-3 PUFA, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has profound effects on mitochondrial membrane phospholipid composition and mitochondrial function. Supplementation with n-3 PUFA increases membrane phospholipid DHA and depletes arachidonic acid, and can increase cardiolipin, a tetra-acyl phospholipid that is unique to mitochondrial and essential for optimal mitochondrial function. Recent studies show that supplementation with DHA decreases propensity for cardiac mitochondria to undergo permeability transition, a catastrophic event often leading to cell death. This finding provides a potential mechanism for the cardioprotective effect of DHA. Interestingly, other n-3 PUFAs that modify membrane composition to a lesser extent have substantially less of an effect on mitochondria and do not appear to directly protect the heart. SummaryCurrent data support a role for n-3 PUFA supplementation, particularly DHA, on mitochondria that are strongly associated with changes in mitochondrial phospholipid composition.
Pedestrian Detection via Bi-directional Multi-scale Analysis

Scale analysis plays a vital role in pedestrian detection. Conventional approaches usually directly concatenate multi-scale outputs, which is only capable of modeling first-order dependency among various scales. In contrast, this work proposes a novel scale-context modeling scheme by exploiting the highly nonlinear dependency among scales. The proposed scheme aggregates output response maps from mid-results of convolutional layers via a bi-directional recurrent sub-network. Therefore scale information could flow among different layers and implicit underlying dependency structure information in the scale space would be disclosed, which yields more consistency detection. Experimental results on Caltech Pedestrian detection benchmark demonstrate the superior detection (state-of-the-art miss rate of 8.56%) of the proposed method over prior art.
Cooperative Binding of Smad Proteins to Two Adjacent DNA Elements in the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Promoter Mediates Transforming Growth Factor β-induced Smad-dependent Transcriptional Activation*

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) activates transcription of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) gene through a major TGFβ-responsive region (−740 and −647) in the PAI-1 promoter. This process requires the Smad family of signaling molecules. Upon phosphorylation by the TGFβ receptors, Smad2 and Smad3 homoligomerize and heteroligomerize with Smad4, translocate to the nucleus and activate transcription of TGFβ responsive genes. Smad3 and Smad4 have been shown to bind to various sites in the PAI-1 promoter. To determine the number of Smad-binding sites within the 94-base pair major TGFβ-responsive region and the mechanism of Smad-mediated transactivation, we systematically mapped the Smad-binding sites and show that Smad4 and Smad3 bind cooperatively to two adjacent DNA elements in this region. Both elements were required for TGFβ-induced, Smad3- and Smad4-dependent activation of PAI-1 transcription. Contrary to previous reports, transactivation of the PAI-1 promoter was mediated by the amino- but not carboxyl-terminal domains of the Smads. Furthermore, oligomerization of Smad3 markedly enhanced its binding to the two binding sites. Finally, a Smad4 mutation identified in a human pancreatic carcinoma that inactivates Smad4 signaling abolished Smad4 DNA binding activity, hence preventing transactivation of TGFβ-responsive genes. These results underscore the importance of the Smad4 DNA binding activity in controlling cell growth and carcinogenesis.
Effects of Belief and Memory on Strategic Negotiation

We present an empirical framework for testing negotiation strategies in a complex win–lose game that lacks any analytic solution. We explore how different belief and memory models affect trading and win rates. We show that cognitive limitations can be compensated for by being an ‘optimistic’ negotiator: make your desired trade offer, regardless of your beliefs about how opponents will react. In contrast, agents with good cognitive abilities can win with fewer but more effective offers. Corpus analysis shows human negotiators are somewhere in between, suggesting that they compensate for deficient memory and belief when necessary.
The renoprotective effects of berberine via the EP4-Gαs-cAMP signaling pathway in different stages of diabetes in rats

Abstract Aims: To investigate the renoprotective roles of berberine (BBR) in different stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats fed a high-sugar and high-fat diet. Methods: Diabetes was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of STZ, and the mice were then randomly divided into groups: normal, diabetes, high-sugar and high-fat and BBR (high, median and low dose) groups. The body weight (BW), kidney weight to body weight (KW/BW), blood urea nitrogen, urine total protein to urine creatinine ratio and serum creatinine were measured on different weeks throughout the study. The protein levels of E prostanoid receptor 4 (EP4), Gαs and content of cAMP in the kidney were, respectively, detected by western blot analysis and RIA analysis. Results: In the DN rats, there was remarkable renal damage. BBR restored renal functional parameters, suppressed alterations in histological and ultrastructural changes in the kidney tissues and increased EP4, Gαs and cAMP levels compared with those of the DN model group. In addition, BBR has different therapeutic effects during the different stages of the development of DN, and it works best in the sixth week. Conclusion: These studies demonstrate, for the first time, that BBR exerts renoprotective effects in different stages of DN via EP4- Gαs- AC-cAMP signaling pathway in STZ-induced DN rats fed a high-sugar and high-fat diet.
Handbook of work stress

SECTION I: SOURCES OF WORK STRESS 1. Editors' Overview 2. Organizational Role Stress - Terry A Beehr and Sharon Glazer 3. Work Schedules - Peter Totterdell 4. Organizational Justice - Russell Cropanzano, Barry Goldman, and Lehman Benson, III 5. Poor Leadership - E. Kevin Kelloway, Niro Sivanathan, Lori Francis, and Julian Barling 6. Work-Family Conflict - Gina Bellavia and Michael R. Frone 7. Harassment and Discrimination - Kathleen M. Rospenda and Judith A. Richman 8. Workplace Aggression - Aaron C.H. Schat and E. Kevin Kelloway 9. Physical Work Environment - Janetta Mitchell McCoy and Gary W. Evans 10. Workplace Safety - Leanne Barlow and Roderick D. Iverson 11. Economic Stressors - Tahira M. Probst 12. Technology - Michael D. Coovert, Lori Foster Thompson, and J. Philip Craiger 13. Industrial Relations - Lori Francis and E. Kevin Kelloway 14. Organizational Politics - Ken Harris and K. Michele Kacmar 15. Terrorism - Michelle Inness and Julian Barling SECTION II: SPECIAL POPULATIONS 16. Editors' overview 17. Young Workers - Catherine Loughlin and Katherine Lang 18. Older Workers - Janet L. Barnes-Farrell 19. Gender Issues - Serge Desmarais and Christine Alksnis 20 International and Cross- Cultural Issues - Cong Liu and Paul Spector 21. Part-time and Contract Employment - Daniel G. Gallagher SECTION III: CONSEQUENCES OF WORK STRESS 22. Editors' overview 23. Work, Well-being and Mental Health - Peter Warr 24. Organizational Consequences - Steve M. Jex and Craig D. Crossley SECTION IV: INTERVENTIONS 25. Editor's overview 26. Individually Targeted Interventions - Susan Cartwright and Cary Cooper 27. Organizational Stress Interventions - Joseph J. Hurrell Jr.
Linezolid induced toxic optic neuropathy

Reinforcement with muscle, cotton, fibrin glue, or some other material is an alternative to clipping in some intracranial aneurysms1; the surgeon must balance the need to create local inflammation (to reinforce the arterial wall) with the risk that the inflammation will spread and damage adjacent structures. Wrapping of clinoidal aneurysms, in particular, rarely may produce delayed and severe visual loss or ocular motor dysfunction.2–7 The clinical course and potential outcome of damage to the visual pathway, ocular motor tracts, or both remains controversial, as does the optimum management when visual loss occurs. We present the case of a patient who developed severe bilateral visual loss and neuroimaging evidence of inflammation in the paraclinoid and suprasellar regions 2 months after wrapping of bilateral clinoidal aneurysms with cotton and fibrin glue, but who recovered visual function and whose neuroimaging appearance improved after treatment with systemic corticosteroids. A 61 year old woman underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography after experiencing a minor stroke. The studies revealed aneurysms of the clinoidal portion of both internal carotid arteries. Endovascular treatment was unsuccessful. Accordingly, craniotomy was performed. As neither aneurysm could be clipped, both were wrapped with cotton gauze saturated with fibrin glue. The patient did well postoperatively until 2 months after surgery, when she noted blurred vision in the right eye. An incomplete left …
Maternal diet rich in saturated fats has deleterious effects on plasma lipids of mice.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES High dietary fat intake has been reported to cause an alteration in lipid metabolism that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In the present study, an animal model was used to evaluate the effects of feeding diets rich in different fatty acids to mothers during pregnancy and lactation, and the effects of the maternal diet on parameters of lipid metabolism in adult offspring. The interaction between the offspring's own diet and the programming due to the maternal diet was also evaluated. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (20% fat [weight to weight]) rich in either saturated fatty acids (SFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for two weeks before mating, during pregnancy and until weaning. The offspring were divided into two groups; each group was fed a high-fat diet enriched in either SFA or PUFA for eight weeks after weaning. The groups were designated as SFA/SFA (diet of the mother/diet of the offspring), SFA/PUFA, PUFA/PUFA and PUFA/SFA. Blood and tissues were collected at the end of the eight-week feeding period after an overnight fast. RESULTS The plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the SFA/SFA group than in all other groups, whereas the PUFA/PUFA group had the lowest total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the PUFA/SFA group than in the PUFA/PUFA and SFA/PUFA groups, whereas plasma triglyceride concentrations were not different among the groups. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that high maternal dietary fat intake during pregnancy affects lipid metabolism in the adult offspring. However, it appears that the offspring's own diet is also important in maintaining the regulation of lipid metabolism.
L-shell absorption spectrum of an open-M-shell germanium plasma: Comparison of experimental data with a detailed configuration-accounting calculation.

The radiative opacity of a near local thermodynamic equilibrium, open-M-shell Ge plasma has been measured in the region of the 2p-3d and 2p-4d transition arrays, and is compared for the first time with the results of a detailed configurafion-accounting calculation which includes an approximate treatment of term widths. The plasma was generated by radiation heating using thermal×radiation from a laser-produced gold plasma