Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of intense pulsed light, combination radiofrequency and intense pulsed light, and blue light in photodynamic therapy for acne vulgaris.

BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an emerging modality for the treatment of acne vulgaris. However, optimal therapeutic protocols have not been established. OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacies of 3 different light sources for activating ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX for the treatment of acne vulgaris. METHODS Twenty-two patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris were randomly assigned to receive ALA-PDT with photoactivation by intense pulsed light (IPL, 600-850 nm), a combination of IPL (580-980 nm) and bipolar radiofrequency (RF) energies, or blue light (417 nm). Each patient received 3 ALA-PDT sessions at 2-week intervals. Follow-up evaluations were conducted 1 and 3 months after the final treatment. RESULTS At 1 month and 3 months, median lesion count reduction percentages were highest with IPL activation and lowest with blue light activation, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. At 1 month and 3 months, median investigator-assessed improvements were highest with IPL activation and lowest with blue light activation. The variability of responses was significantly smaller with IPL activation than with either RF-IPL or blue light activation. CONCLUSION ALA-PDT with activation by IPL appears to provide greater, longer-lasting, and more consistent improvement than either RF-IPL or blue light activation in the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris.
Preparing the Next Generation of Faculty: Graduate School as Socialization to the Academic Career

Based on a four-year, qualitative study of graduate students, the article discusses graduate student development, students' perceptions of the academic career, and graduate students' suggestions for improving graduate socialization experiences. The article concludes with recommendations and policy questions for faculty advisors, chairpersons, teaching assistant supervisors, and graduate deans.
The Stroop Color‐Word task as a measure of selective attention: Efficiency in the elderly

Many studies have reported impaired selective attention in the elderly. Recent studies have isolated various underlying mechanisms of selective attention such as excitation, inhibition, and habituation. In the present study, 50 young adults and 50 elderly participants were compared on four conditions based on the Stroop Color‐Word task (neutral, habituation, Stroop and negative priming). Cross comparison of the different tasks enables examination of the various components of selective attention. The neutral condition serves as a baseline for the groups, enabling between‐groups comparison of proportional interference. The hypothesis that overall reading time of the younger group would be faster than that of the older group was confirmed. The hypothesis that the overall reading time pattern between task conditions would be neutral < habituation < Stroop < negative priming, was confirmed as well. Contrary to our prediction, negative priming caused more interference than the Stroop task for the elderly partic.
Re-Architecture: Lifespan rehabilitation of built heritage

Re-Architecture: Lifespan Rehabilitation of Built Heritage was born in 2002 as a concept and is now being developed in a PhD research in the BTO Department - TU/e; co-orientated by Prof. Ir. Jouke Post and Dr. Ir. Peter Erkelens. There was a mutual desire from all involved technicians; to join Architectural and Technological knowledge's, and to develop a conscious building rehabilitation, that for its heritage value (architectural, technological, material or even economical) didn't present the imperative need of being demolished. This renewal system under development, consisting of methods and techniques as how to approach the problem of installing temporary structures and building components into built heritage, originally constructed without lifespan limit; will allow, beyond the research and design cases results, the development of a toolkit (containing procedures, guidelines and details specific for the intervened building) that can be used for all interested technicians, designers; but profit by promoters and consumers. Following this new concept, technicians believe in a true contribute for existent buildings interventions; more flexible, sustainable and with its life spanned; adaptive to consumer/user expectations and needs.
Is Broadband Gamma Activity Pathologically Synchronized to the Beta Rhythm in Parkinson's Disease?

Editor’s Note: These short reviews of recent JNeurosci articles, written exclusively by students or postdoctoral fellows, summarize the important findings of the paper and provide additional insight and commentary. If the authors of the highlighted article have written a response to the Journal Club, the response can be found by viewing the Journal Club at www.jneurosci.org. For more information on the format, review process, and purpose of Journal Club articles, please see http://jneurosci.org/content/ preparing-manuscript#journalclub.
The incidence of recurrence of tuberculosis and its related factors in smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Iran: A retrospective cohort study

Background and Aim: Studying the recurrence of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a convenient way to evaluate the effectiveness of TB control programs and identify vulnerable patients. In the present study, the rate of recurrence of TB and its predictors were determined in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort. Eligible people were patients with smear-positive TB who were diagnosed from 2002 to 2011. The end of the follow-up time was December 2013. The number of people who entered the cohort was 1,271 subjects. In order to determine the predictors of recurrence, multivariate logistic regression was used. Analysis was done using SPSS 20. Results: The recurrence incidence was 8.3% and in 85.9% of these patients, it occurred in the time interval of 1-5 years after successful treatment. The recurrence rate was not significantly related to gender, age group, and diabetes. But it was significantly higher in patients whose sputum smear grading before treatment was 2 + or more, patients with positive sputum smear at the end of the second month of the treatment, patients who had completed treatment, and patients who were smokers (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study showed that a considerable percentage of smear-positive pulmonary TB patients experience recurrence and that some patients are at a higher risk of recurrence.
Ability of phages to infect Acinetobacter calcoaceticus‐Acinetobacter baumannii complex species through acquisition of different pectate lyase depolymerase domains

Bacteriophages are ubiquitous in nature and represent a vast repository of genetic diversity, which is driven by the endless coevolution cycle with a diversified group of bacterial hosts. Studying phage-host interactions is important to gain novel insights into their dynamic adaptation. In this study, we isolated 12 phages infecting species of the Acinetobacter baumannii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex which exhibited a narrow host range and similar morphological features (podoviruses with short tails of 9-12 nm and isometric heads of 50-60 nm). Notably, the alignment of the newly sequenced phage genomes (40-41 kb of DNA length) and all Acinetobacter podoviruses deposited in Genbank has shown high synteny, regardless of the date and source of isolation that spans from America to Europe and Asia. Interestingly, the C-terminal pectate lyase domain of these phage tail fibres is often the only difference found among these viral genomes, demonstrating a very specific genomic variation during the course of their evolution. We proved that the pectate lyase domain is responsible for phage depolymerase activity and binding to specific Acinetobacter bacterial capsules. We discuss how this mechanism of phage-host co-evolution impacts the tail specificity apparatus of Acinetobacter podoviruses.
Relative workload determines exercise-induced increases in PGC-1alpha mRNA.

INTRODUCTION The hypothesis that brief intermittent exercise-induced increases in human skeletal muscle metabolic mRNA is dependent on relative workload was investigated. METHODS Trained (n = 10) and untrained (n = 8) subjects performed exhaustive intermittent cycling exercise (4 x 4 min at 85% of VO(2peak), interspersed by 3 min). Trained subjects also performed the intermittent exercise at the same absolute workload as the untrained subjects, corresponding to 70% of VO(2peak) (n = 6). RESULTS Exercise at 85% of V(O2peak) elevated (P < 0.001) venous plasma lactate to 10.1 +/- 0.4 and 10.8 +/- 0.5 mM in the trained and untrained subjects, respectively. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) mRNA expression was increased (P < 0.001) approximately four- to fivefold for several hours after exercise in both groups. After exercise at 70% of VO(2peak), venous plasma lactate was less (P < 0.001) elevated (3.1 +/- 0.7 mM) and PGC-1alpha mRNA content was less (P < 0.05) increased (approximately threefold) than after exercise at 85% of VO(2peak). Likewise, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and hexokinase II mRNA expressions were increased (P < 0.05) only after exercise performed at 85% of VO(2peak) in the trained subjects. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha mRNA only increased (P < 0.05) 3 h into recovery in trained subjects, with no difference between the 70% and 85% of VO(2peak) trial. No change in hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha, phosphofructokinase, citrate synthase, or lactate dehydrogenase, heart and muscle isoforms, mRNA expressions was detected after any of the exercise trials. CONCLUSIONS The relative intensity of brief intermittent exercise is of major importance for the exercise-induced increase of several mRNA, including PGC-1alpha.
The Third-person Effect of Tainted Food Product Recall News: Examining the Role of Credibility, Attention, and Elaboration for College Students in Taiwan

This study examines third-person effect of news of tainted food product recalls on oneself relative to others. The survey (N = 1,213) found that respondents tended to think the influence of the news on others was greater than on themselves (the study used reactions to a milk powder scandal in China). Message credibility and attention to and elaboration of the recall news were found to reduce the third-person perceptual gap. Furthermore, the perceived effect of news on oneself, not on others, was positively associated with the behavioral intention of information-seeking and taking protective action.
Efficacy-Performing Spirals: A Multilevel Perspective

This article explores the possibility of efficacy-performance spirals in individuals, groups, and organizations. Spirals are deviation-amplifying loops in which the positive, cyclic relationship between perceived efficacy and performance builds upon itself. Collective efficacy is defined, and upward and downward spirals are considered. Evidence from multiple levels of analysis is presented, and factors affecting the occurrence, continuation, and stopping of spirals are proposed. In addition, we consider compositional and cross-level effects by proposing factors that will moderate the relationship between spirals at different levels of analysis. Overall, 15 propositions are presented as guidelines for future research.
Gender Diversity, Business-Unit Engagement, and Performance

This study investigates the relationship between gender diversity and financial performance at the business-unit level and whether employee engagement moderates this relationship. Using more than 800 business units from two companies belonging to two different industries, we found that employee engagement and gender diversity independently predict financial performance at the business-unit level. One implication is that making diversity an organizational priority and creating an engaged culture for the workforce may result in cumulative financial benefits.
Lymphoproliferative clonal origin of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals have a 200-fold increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) over the general population [1]. The origin and pathogenesis of HIVassociated NHL has not yet been fully elucidated but HIV-related lymphomagenesis is believed to comprise a multistep process of chronic B-cell stimulation starting with HIV-induced immunosuppression. In many cases, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) coinfection contributes to HIV-related transformation [2 – 4], complemented with genetic aberrations, and cytokine deregulation that contribute to the development of lymphoma. A small percentage of patients develop an HIVrelated benign hyperproliferative disorder that precedes NHL by several years with clonal B cell populations in both [2,5 – 7]; however, the clonal relationship between the two pathologies has not been clearly defined. We describe an HIV-positive patient who presented with a benign hyperplastic lymph node, harbored EBV, and was diagnosed with NHL three years later. We show a direct clonal link between the benign lymphoproliferative disorder and lymphoma in this patient. The data suggests that the natural history of HIV-related lymphomagenesis can be extended for up to three years. A 40-year-old African American female, who used intravenous drugs, was diagnosed with HIV infection in 1989. She was continually noncompliant with antiretroviral therapy. In September 2000, enlargements of the cervical, axillary, supraclavicular, and inguinal lymph nodes were observed. A left axillary lymph node biopsy performed in December 2000 showed a polymorphic lymphoid population [Figure 1(a)] with no evidence of lymphoma. Flow cytometry showed that the B-cells were polytypic, and the T-cells showed no loss of pan T-antigens. The CD4:CD8 ratio was reversed at 1:3. Computerized tomographic (CT) scan in October 2000 showed hepatosplenomegaly with lymphadenopathy in the peripancreatic, portocaval, retroperitoneal, and inguinal areas. In January 2003, the patient experienced a weight loss of 18 kg and was hospitalized because of abdominal pain, nausea, and constipation of 2 weeks in duration. Physical examination revealed icteric sclera and lymph node enlargement in the occipital, cervical, axillary and inguinal regions. Laboratory testing showed a hemoglobin level of 7.8 g/dl, a white blood cell count of 8,900/ml, a platelet count of 89,000/ml, a total bilirubin level of 3.9 mg/dl, an alkaline phosphatase level of 1,174 U/l, a gamma glutamyl transferase level of 917 U/l, and an alanine aminotransferase level of 26 U/l. CT scan showed massive splenomegaly, and extensive bulky lymphadenopathy at the hilar, paratracheal, subcarinal, retrocrural, periaortic, pericaval, and gastrohepatic ligament regions, with compression on the inferior vena cava, bilateral pleural effusions, moderate ascites, and gall bladder sludge.
Decompressive craniectomy in cerebral venous thrombosis: a single centre experience

Background Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an important cause for stroke in the young where the role for decompressive craniectomy is not well established. Objective To analyse the outcome of CVT patients treated with decompressive craniectomy. Methods Clinical and imaging features, preoperative findings and long-term outcome of patients with CVT who underwent decompressive craniectomy were analysed. Results Over 10 years (2002–2011), 44/587 (7.4%) patients with CVT underwent decompressive craniectomy. Diagnosis of CVT was based on magnetic resonance venography (MRV)/inferior vena cava (IVC). Decision for surgery was taken at admission in 19/44 (43%), within 12 h in 5/44 (11%), within first 48 h in 15/44 (34%) and beyond 48 h in 10/44 (22%). Presence of midline shift of ≥10 mm (p<0.0009) and large infarct volume (mean 146.63 ml; SD 52.459, p<0.001) on the baseline scan influenced the decision for immediate surgery. Hemicraniectomy was done in 38/44 (86%) and bifrontal craniectomy in 6/44 (13.6%). Mortality was 9/44 (20%). On multivariate analysis (5% level of significance) age <40 years and surgery within 12 h significantly increased survival. Mean follow-up was 25.5 months (range 3–66 months), 26/35 (74%) had 1 year follow-up. Modified Rankin Scale (mRs) continued to improve even after 6 months with 27/35 (77%) of survivors achieving mRs of ≤2. Conclusions This is the largest series on decompressive craniectomy for CVT in literature to date. Decompressive craniotomy should be considered as a treatment option in large venous infarcts. Very good outcomes can be expected especially if done early and in those below 40 years.
HBexplore - a new tool for identifying and analysing hydrogen bonding patterns in biological macromolecules

The program HBexplore is a new tool for identifying and analysing H-bonding patterns in biological macromolecules. It selects all potential H-bonds according to geometrical criteria. The H-bond table can then be subjected to further automatic or interactive analysis tools. These tools include the calculation of mean values and distributions of geometrical H-bond parameters for parts of a single structure, for complete single structures and for structure sets, the classification of each H-bond according to the participation of backbone, side chain or base, ligand and water parts of nucleic acids or proteins, identification of Watson-Crick nucleotide pairs and of H-bonded pairs of equal nucleotides, the calculation of the mean number of H-bonds per residue, and of the fraction of potential donor and acceptor atoms involved in H-bonds. HBexplore further generates automatically a H-bond residue interaction table. This table lists for all residues of the structure the other residues, ligands or water molecules directly connected via a H-bond. By means of a binary tree search algorithm, this table is then converted into a H-bond cluster table. Clusters are understood here as an uninterrupted network of H-bonded residues. For nucleic acids, secondary structures and tertiary interactions are automatically derived from the H-bonding pattern. HBexplore is applied to two example RNA structures: a pseudoknot and a hairpin. It provides a comprehensive listing of individual H-bonds and statistical information for larger structure sets. In addition, it can identify interesting new H-bond motifs. One example is a pentanucleotide base-base H-bond interaction motif in the RNA pseudoknot. HBexplore is intended to contribute both to the elucidation of general principles of the architecture of biological macromolecules, and to the prediction and refinement of single structures.
Language, Culture and Maternity Care

Abstract This article analyses language interpretation in the context of maternity health care. By scrutinising how maternity health care staff reflects upon their experiences from the everyday institutional setting, the article shows that they are caught between a discourse on language interpretation as migrants’ rights and a racialised discourse where language is intertwined with notions of ‘otherness’. As such, language interpretation becomes subsumed into a range of different practices that seek to discipline migrant women to meet the demands from Swedish society. In the article, therefore, the everyday practice by the health care staff is looked upon as a form of citizenship-making, and the article emphasises how racialised discourses take different shapes in different institutional contexts. Thus, the article shows that the practice of language interpretation cannot, in this context, be fully understood without including the larger socio-political context.
On the activity and fidelity of chromatin‐associated hepatic DNA polymerase‐β in aging murine species of different life spans

Activity and accuracy of chromatin‐directed DNA replication have been compared in young and aged Mus musculus and Peromyscus leucopus, two murine species with contrasting maximum lifespans. Chromatin isolated from livers of mature adults of both species copied efficiently exogenous DNA templates using predominantly DNA polymerase‐β. The DNA synthetic activity of liver chromatin remained constant in both species throughout their lifetimes. The fidelity of chromatin‐directed poly [d(A‐T)] synthesis was similar for the comparatively short‐lived M. musculus and the relatively long‐lived P. leucopus and remained unaltered in old animals. The fidelity of poly [d(A‐T)] copying catalyzed by DNA polymerase‐β dissociated from liver chromatin was comparable to that of the chromatin‐directed synthesis. The dissociated enzymes did not exhibit diminished fidelity of poly [d(A‐T)] synthesis with age. In all ages of both species examined, the murine liver DNA polymerase‐β, both chromatin‐associated and solubilized, exhibited high error frequencies; approximately one dGMP was incorporated for every 500–1,000 complementary nucleotides polymerized. The relationship of these results to the accuracy of DNA replication and repair as a determinant of aging is considered.
The Role, Use and Activation of Strong and Weak Network Ties: A Qualitative Analysis

abstract A characteristic of studies seeking to explain the structure and operation of networks is the use of Granovetter's strong and weak tie hypothesis. Whilst this hypothesis has become an established paradigm, questions and disagreements arise over its applicability at demonstrating the real use and value of each tie. This study extends the work of Granovetter. Using a qualitative ethnographic approach to explore in‐depth the networking activities of fourteen respondents, it aims to enhance understanding about the role of ties, how they are used and activated for business activity. Findings demonstrate that it is strong ties that are instrumental for business activity and used extensively to provide knowledge and information but also to maintain, extend and enhance business and personal reputations. Unless activities require their reactivation and manifestation, strong ties remain latent and dormant within the network. Strong ties also provide the mechanism to invoke ‘weak’ ties, represented by nodes operating in a wider social context.
Cognitive Risk and Its Association With Risk for Disruptive Behavior Disorder in Preschoolers

Examined the relation between intellectual functioning and risk for disruptive behavior disorders in a sample of 82 preschoolers. Specific cognitive dimensions—verbal, visuospatial, and executive functioning—were examined in relation to specific aspects of socioemotional functioning known to be problematic for behavior-problem children (i.e., labeling emotions and behavioral control). Difficulties in verbal and visuospatial dimension scores were associated with being above average in behavioral difficulty. Behavioral risk was associated with greater difficulty in behavioral regulation but not with difficulty in emotion accuracy. Verbal skills contributed to the prediction of emotion accuracy, and executive function skills were predictive of behavioral control. The findings are discussed in terms of the developmental aspects of relations between specific cognitive skills, specific difficulties in socioemotional functioning, and the risk for disruptive behavior disorders.
Path Dependence, its Critics, and the Quest for ‘Historical Economics’

It is now widely acknowledged that institutions are a crucial factor in economic performance. Major developments have been made in our understanding of the nature and evolution of economic institutions in the last few years. This book brings together some key contributions in this area by leading internationally renowned scholars including Paul A. David, Christopher Freeman, Alan P. Kirman, Jan Kregel, Brian J. Loasby, J. Stanley Metcalfe, Bart Nooteboom and Ugo Pagano. This essential reader covers topics such as the relationship between institutions and individuals, institutions and economic development, the nature and role of markets, and the theory of institutional evolution. The book not only outlines cutting-edge developments in the field but also indicates key directions of future research for institutional and evolutionary economics.