Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
8 Concluding Remarks and Further Work

15 the average degree of the nodes of a linear-sized induced subgraph of a k-regular Ramanujan graph is upper bounded by roughly 1 + p k ? 1, which is less than k=2 for k 7. This shows that Ramanujan graphs of degree at least 7 are extrovert graphs. Classical results 4] require the degree to be at least 15. 1. Let H be a graph of maximumdegree at most k, and a real number no smaller than 2 p k ? 1. Theorem 1 implies that, if there exists an innnite family G n of k-regular graphs containing H as an induced subgraph and such that (G n) (1 + o(1)), then 0 (M H). (M H can be deened similarly to M X .) If k ? 1 is a prime congruent to 1 modulo 4, this condition can be shown to be suucient 20]. 2. It is still an open question whether there exists a family of Ramanujan graphs with linear expansion at most k=2. 3. It would be interesting to calculate the exact value of the linear expansion of the known explicit constructions of Ramanujan graphs 23, 26]. Theorem 2 shows that it is at least k=2. On the other hand, an easy combinatorial argument shows that the linear expansion of any family of k-regular graphs is at most k? 1. Besides being Ramanujan, the graphs constructed in 23, 26] have other interesting combinatorial properties. For example, they are Cayley graphs and have high girth, unlike the graphs that we constructed in Section 5. This leads us to conjecture that their linear expansion is strictly greater than k=2. Any explicit construction of k-regular graphs with provable linear expansion strictly greater than k=2 would also be interesting. 14 0 (A W) is the largest eigenvalue of A W in absolute value, the largest eigenvalue of A W l is (0 (A W)) l. Using Lemma 2 and Fact 1, we conclude that (A W l W) W (0 (A W)) l jj W jj 2 n (1 + k ? 1) l ; as desired. Deene the density of a subset of vertices to be the ratio of its size to the total number of vertices. Corollary 1 is optimal in the following sense: for any rational 2 1=2; 1] and any rational 2 0; 1], there exists an arbitrary large k-regular graph G and a subset W …
Resiliency and Quality of Life in Patients With Cancer: Moderating Role of Duration of Awareness of Cancer

Background Cancer detection always has a lot of stress and nervousness which, apart from physical injuries, will affect quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between resiliency and quality of life by moderating the role of duration of awareness of cancer. Methods Population of the study included all patients with cancer who were under treatment in Yazd Forat hospital. Using convenience sampling method, 105 patients were selected to participate in this study. All subjects completed the Quality of Life Questionnaire specialized for cancer and resiliency Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by regression analysis model and Johnsen-Neyman technique. Results The findings of this study revealed that the time duration of awareness of cancer plays a moderating role in the relation between the general dimension of quality of life and resiliency. In patients who were aware of their disease for over 12 months, the relationship between resiliency and the general dimension of quality of life was significant. In addition, high levels of resiliency showed a positive and significant relationship with physical dimension of life quality. While in patients who were aware of their illness for less than 12 months, resiliency scores showed a significant relation with emotional dimension of quality of life. Conclusion Awareness of disease has different mental effects on cancer patients, and resiliency and maintaining this feature for long-term is associated with the increase of quality of life in these patients. Theoretical implications of finding are discussed in detail.
Human Hippocampal CA1 Involvement during Allocentric Encoding of Spatial Information

A central component of our ability to navigate an environment is the formation of a memory representation that is allocentric and thus independent of our starting point within that environment. Computational models and rodent electrophysiological recordings suggest a critical role for the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus in this type of coding; however, the hippocampal neural basis of spatial learning in humans remains unclear. We studied subjects learning virtual environments using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (1.6 mm × 1.6 mm in-plane) and computational unfolding to better visualize substructural changes in neural activity in the hippocampus. We show that the right posterior CA1 subregion is active and positively correlated with performance when subjects learn a spatial environment independent of starting point and direction. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the CA1 subregion is involved in our ability to learn a map-like representation of an environment.
Attachment : Questions Identified at the GSAW 2000 Breakout Group on Architectural Evaluation for Product Lines , 24 Feb 2000 Features Questions Architectures

A system’s architecture represents some of the earliest and most persistent design decisions about the system. To a very large extent, it determines what kinds of changes will be easy to make during the lifetime of the system and what kinds will be hard. The architecture determines or influences the system’s “ilities”. Architectural evaluation methods and tools can help the system designer understand as much as possible about the architecture as early as possible.
Comparison of cyanobacterial microcystin synthetase (mcy) E gene transcript levels, mcy E gene copies, and biomass as indicators of microcystin risk under laboratory and field conditions

Increased incidences of mixed assemblages of microcystin‐producing and nonproducing cyanobacterial strains in freshwater bodies necessitate development of reliable proxies for cyanotoxin risk assessment. Detection of microcystin biosynthetic genes in water blooms of cyanobacteria is generally indicative of the presence of potentially toxic cyanobacterial strains. Although much effort has been devoted toward elucidating the microcystin biosynthesis mechanisms in many cyanobacteria genera, little is known about the impacts of co‐occurring cyanobacteria on cellular growth, mcy gene expression, or mcy gene copy distribution. The present study utilized conventional microscopy, qPCR assays, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to study how competition between microcystin‐producing Microcystis aeruginosa CPCC 299 and Planktothrix agardhii NIVA‐CYA 126 impacts mcyE gene expression, mcyE gene copies, and microcystin concentration under controlled laboratory conditions. Furthermore, analyses of environmental water samples from the Missisquoi Bay, Quebec, enabled us to determine how the various potential toxigenic cyanobacterial biomass proxies correlated with cellular microcystin concentrations in a freshwater lake. Results from our laboratory study indicated significant downregulation of mcyE gene expression in mixed cultures of M. aeruginosa plus P. agardhii on most sampling days in agreement with depressed growth recorded in the mixed cultures, suggesting that interaction between the two species probably resulted in suppressed growth and mcyE gene expression in the mixed cultures. Furthermore, although mcyE gene copies and McyE transcripts were detected in all laboratory and field samples with measureable microcystin levels, only mcyE gene copies showed significant positive correlations (R2 > 0.7) with microcystin concentrations, while McyE transcript levels did not. These results suggest that mcyE gene copies are better indicators of potential risks from microcystins than McyE transcript levels or conventional biomass proxies, especially in water bodies comprising mixed assemblages of toxic and nontoxic cyanobacteria.
Matrix Stiffness Regulates Endothelial Cell Proliferation through Septin 9

Endothelial proliferation, which is an important process in vascular homeostasis, can be regulated by the extracellular microenvironment. In this study we demonstrated that proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) was enhanced on hydrogels with high stiffness (HSG, 21.5 kPa) in comparison to those with low stiffness (LSG, 1.72 kPa). ECs on HSG showed markedly prominent stress fibers and a higher RhoA activity than ECs on LSG. Blockade of RhoA attenuated stress fiber formation and proliferation of ECs on HSG, but had little effect on ECs on LSG; enhancement of RhoA had opposite effects. The phosphorylations of Src and Vav2, which are positive RhoA upstream effectors, were higher in ECs on HSG. The inhibition of Src/Vav2 attenuated the HSG-mediated RhoA activation and EC proliferation but exhibited nominal effects on ECs on LSG. Septin 9 (SEPT9), the negative upstream effector for RhoA, was significantly higher in ECs on LSG. The inhibition of SEPT9 increased RhoA activation, Src/Vav2 phosphorylations, and EC proliferation on LSG, but showed minor effects on ECs on HSG. We further demonstrated that the inactivation of integrin αvβ3 caused an increase of SEPT9 expression in ECs on HSG to attenuate Src/Vav2 phosphorylations and inhibit RhoA-dependent EC proliferation. These results demonstrate that the SEPT9/Src/Vav2/RhoA pathway constitutes an important molecular mechanism for the mechanical regulation of EC proliferation.
The Notch Regulator Numb Links the Notch and TCR Signaling Pathways1

Both the Notch and TCR signaling pathways play an important role in T cell development, but the links between these signaling pathways are largely unexplored. The adapter protein Numb is a well-characterized inhibitor of Notch and also contains a phosphotyrosine binding domain, suggesting that Numb could provide a link between these pathways. We explored this possibility by investigating the physical interactions among Notch, Numb, and the TCR signaling apparatus and by examining the consequences of a Numb mutation on T cell development. We found that Notch and Numb cocluster with the TCR at the APC contact during Ag-driven T cell-APC interactions in both immature and mature T cells. Furthermore, Numb coimmunoprecipitates with components of the TCR signaling apparatus. Despite this association, T cell development and T cell activation occur normally in the absence of Numb, perhaps due to the expression of the related protein, Numblike. Together our data suggest that Notch and TCR signals may be integrated at the cell membrane, and that Numb may be an important adapter in this process.
Early outcomes of on-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Objectives: To see the early post-operative outcomes of off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methods: This retrospective analytical study was conducted at Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology Multan, Pakistan. Our Primary outcome variables were; necessity of inotropic support, nonfatal myocardial infarction, ICU stay, nonfatal stroke, new renal failure requiring dialysis and death within 30 days after operation. There were two groups of patients; Group-I (On-pump group) and Group-II (Off-pump Group). SPSS V17 was used for data analysis. Independent sample t-test and Mann Whitney U test were used to compare quantitative Variables. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze qualitative variables. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Three hundred patients were included in this study. There were no significant difference regarding risk factors except hyper-cholestrolemia which was high in off pump group (p-value 0.05). Angiographic and Echocardiographic characteristics e.g. preoperative ejection fraction, LV function grade and severity of CAD was same between the groups. Mortality risk scores and Priority status for surgery were also same. Regarding post-operative outcomes; Post-op CKMB Levels, need and duration of inotropic support, mechanical ventilation time and ICU stay was significantly less in Off-Pump group (p-value 0.001, <0.0001, 0.006, 0.025 and 0.001 resp.). Peri-operative chest drainage was significantly high in On-pump CABG group (p-value 0.027). Incidence of post-op complications was not statistically different between the groups. Conclusions: At 30 days follow-up, Incidence of myocardial infarction, necessity and duration of inotropic support, ICU stay period and peri-operative bleeding were significantly less in off-pump group. The incidence of neurologic, pulmonary and renal complications was same between the off-pump and on-pump groups.
Correlation of PK/PD Indices with Resistance Selection for Cefquinome against Staphylococcus aureus in an In Vitro Model

Cefquinome is a fourth-generation Cephalosporin approved for use in animals exclusively. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship of cefquinome pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices with resistance selection of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 in an in vitro model. Six dosing regiments of cefquinome at an interval of 24 h for three consecutive times were simulated, resulting in maximum concentrations (Cmax) from 1/2 to 16MIC and terminal half-lives (t1/2β) of 3 and 6 h, respectively. The in vitro sensitivity of S. aureus was monitored by bacterial susceptibility and dynamic time-kill curve experiments over the six cefquinome concentrations. The correlation between changes in bacterial susceptibility (MIC72/MIC0) and the percentage of time within mutant selection window versus dosing interval (TMSW %) was subjected to the Gaussian function and regression analysis. Our results favored the consensus that time above MIC (T > MIC) was recognized as an important PK/PD parameter of cephalosporins for antibacterial efficiency. Cefquinome reached the maximum killing effect when T > MIC% attained approximately 40∼60%. The subsequent correlation analysis demonstrated that resistant S. aureus ATCC25923 was easy to occur when TMSW% attained an index of about 20% with t1/2β of 3 h after multiple dosing, and 40% with t1/2β of 6 h after multiple dosing, respectively.
Transient and Progressive Electrophysiological Alterations in the Corticostriatal Pathway in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease

Alterations in the corticostriatal pathway may precede symptomatology and striatal cell death in Huntington's disease (HD) patients. Here we examined spontaneous EPSCs in striatal medium-sized spiny neurons in slices from a mouse model of HD (R6/2). Spontaneous EPSC frequency was similar in young (3–4 weeks) transgenics and controls but decreased significantly in transgenics when overt behavioral symptoms began (5–7 weeks) and was most pronounced in severely impaired transgenics (11–15 weeks). These differences were maintained after bicuculline or tetrodotoxin, indicating they were specific to glutamatergic input and likely presynaptic in origin. Decreases in presynaptic and postsynaptic protein markers, synaptophysin and postsynaptic density-95, occurred in 11–15 week R6/2 mice, supporting the electrophysiological results. Furthermore, isolated, large-amplitude synaptic events (>100 pA) occurred more frequently in transgenic animals, particularly at 5–7 weeks, suggesting additional dysregulation of cortical inputs. Large events were blocked by tetrodotoxin, indicating a possible cortical origin. Addition of bicuculline and 4-aminopyridine facilitated the occurrence of large events. Riluzole, a compound that decreases glutamate release, reduced these events. Together, these observations indicate that both progressive and transient alterations occur along the corticostriatal pathway in experimental HD. These alterations are likely to contribute to the selective vulnerability of striatal medium-sized spiny neurons.
Artefacts of earthquake location errors and short-term incompleteness on seismicity clusters in southern California

S U M M A R Y We document and quantify effects of two types of catalogue uncertainties—earthquake location errors and short-term incompleteness—on results of statistical cluster analyses of seismicity in southern California. In the main part of the study we analyse 117 076 events with m ≥ 2 in southern California during 1981–2013 from the waveform-relocated catalogue of Hauksson et al. We present statistical evidence for three artefacts caused by the absolute and relative location errors: (1) Increased distance between offspring and parents. (2) Underestimated clustering, quantified by the number of offspring per event, the total number of clustered events, and some other statistics. (3) Overestimated background rates. We also find that shortterm incompleteness leads to (4) Apparent magnitude dependence and temporal fluctuations of b-values. The reported artefacts are robustly observed in three additional catalogues of southern California: the relocated catalogue of Richards–Dinger & Shearer during 1975–1998, and the two subcatalogues—1961–1981 and 1981–2013—of the Advances National Seismic System catalogue. This implies that the reported artefacts are not specific to a particular (re)location method. The comparative quality of the four examined catalogues is reflected in the magnitude of the artefacts. The location errors in the examined catalogues mostly affect events with m < 3.5, while for larger magnitudes the location error effects are negligible. This is explained by comparing the location error and rupture lengths of events and their parents. Finally, our analysis suggests that selected aggregated cluster statistics (e.g. proportion of singles) are less prone to location artefacts than individual statistics (e.g. the distance to parent or parent– offspring assignment). The results can inform a range of studies focused on small-magnitude seismicity patterns in the presence of catalogue uncertainties.
Efficiency of French privatizations : a dynamic vision October 2001

The program of French privatizations is one of the principal worldwide programs as for the volume of the equity issues. A reading of the process of privatization through the corporate governance theory resulted in working out a model making it possible to take into account, on the one hand, the time dimension of the process of privatization, on the other hand, the contextual, organizational, governance and strategic variables which influence this process. After having replicated a certain number of traditional tests, we carried out a test of this model on a sample of 19 French privatized firms and on a seven years horizon, which made it possible to obtain the following conclusions. The favorable incidence attributed traditionally to privatizations is not truly confirmed for French privatizations, at least on the horizon considered. Privatization induces a significant positive effect on the performance only for a low number of firms. The importance of the effect, however, is subordinated to some of the suggested variables.
The Disturbing Interaction between Countercyclical Capital Requirements and Systemic Risk

We present a model in which flat (state-independent) capital requirements are undesirable because of shocks to bank capital. There is a rationale for countercyclical capital requirements that impose lower capital demands when aggregate bank capital is low. However, such capital requirements also have a cost as they increase systemic risk taking: by insulating banks against aggregate shocks (but not bank-specific ones), they create incentives to invest in correlated activities. As a result, the economy’s sensitivity to shocks increases and systemic crises can become more likely. Capital requirements that directly incentivize banks to become less correlated dominate countercyclical policies as they reduce both systemic risk-taking and cyclicality.
Major histocompatibility complex controls the trajectory but not host-specific adaptation during virulence evolution of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans

Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play a critical role in immune recognition and are the most genetically diverse loci known. One hypothesis to explain this diversity postulates that pathogens adapt to common MHC haplotypes and thus favour selection of new or rare alleles. To determine whether the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans adapts to MHC–dependent immune responses, it was serially passaged in two independent replicate lines of five B10 MHC–congenic strains and Balb/c mice. All passaged lines increased in virulence as measured by reduced host survival. MHC influenced the rate (trajectory) of virulence increase during passages as measured by significant differences in mortality rate (p < 0.001). However, when the post–passage strains were tested, no MHC differences in mortality rate remained and only minor differences in titres were observed. Also contrary to expectations, increased virulence in three lines passaged in B10 mice had a larger effect in Balb/c mice, and the evolution of virulence in lines passaged in alternating hosts was not retarded. To our knowledge, these data represent the first experimental test of MHC–specific adaptation in a non–viral pathogen. The failure to observe MHC effects despite dramatically increased virulence and host–genotype–specific adaptation to non–MHC genes suggests that escape of MHC–dependent immune recognition may be difficult for pathogens with unlimited epitopes or that other virulence factors can swamp MHC effects.
Testing for asymmetric effects in the accrual anomaly using piecewise linear regressions: Australian evidence

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the persistence and pricing of earnings, free cash flows (FCF) and accruals using Australian data. In response to arguments concerning omitted variables in the Mishkin test, it seeks to explore asymmetric effects by incorporating categoric variables capturing firm size (microcap, small, medium and large); industry (industrial/mining); profit making (profit/loss); and dividend paying (contemporaneous dividend/no contemporaneous dividend) into forecasting and pricing equations.Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines a large sample of hand‐checked Australian earnings, accruals and cash flow data. It analyses these data using a series of piecewise linear regressions.Findings – The results indicate that asymmetry is a valid concern since the extent and nature of mispricing of earnings components vary considerably across the categories included in the model. For example, the base case firms (microcap, loss‐making, resource companies that pay no contemporan.
Beyond Becker: Training in Imperfect Labor Markets

In this paper, the authors survey noncompetitive theories of training. With competitive labor markets, firms never pay for investments in general training, whereas when labor markets are imperfect, firm-sponsored training arises as an equilibrium phenomenon. The authors discuss a variety of evidence that supports the predictions of noncompetitive theories and they draw some tentative policy conclusions from these models.
FIRST DIRECT METALLICITY MEASUREMENT OF A LENSED STAR-FORMING GALAXY AT z = 1.7

We present the rest-frame optical spectrum of a strongly lensed galaxy at redshift z = 1.7 behind the cluster Abell 1689. We detect the temperature sensitive auroral line [O iii] λ4363, which allows the first direct metallicity measurement for galaxies at z > 1. Our high signal-to-noise spectrum indicates that the target is an extremely low metallicity star-forming galaxy, with 12 + log(O/H) = 7.5+0.1−0.2 from the direct Te-based method. We estimate an intrinsic absolute B-band magnitude of MB = −18.3 ± 0.1, with a stellar mass of 4.4 ± 1.2×108 M☉. This galaxy extends the luminosity–metallicity relation of star-forming galaxies at z > 2 by more than an order of magnitude. Given the double nuclei-like morphology and the velocity profile of Hα, we tentatively suggest that it could be a merger or a proto-rotating disk galaxy.