Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Making sense of recommendations

Algorithms are increasingly being used to make recommendations about matters of taste, expanding their scope into domains that are primarily subjective. This raises two important questions. How accurately can algorithms predict subjective preferences, compared to human recommenders? And how much do people trust them? Recommender systems face several disadvantages: They have no preferences of their own and they do not model their recommendations after the way people make recommendations. In a series of experiments, however, we find that recommender systems outperform human recommenders, even in a domain where people have a lot of experience and well-developed tastes: Predicting what people will find funny. Moreover, these recommender systems outperform friends, family members, and significant others. But people do not trust these recommender systems. They do not use them to make recommendations for others, and they prefer to receive recommendations from other people instead. We find that this lack of trust partly stems from the fact that machine recommendations seem harder to understand than human recommendations. But, simple explanations of recommender systems can alleviate this distrust.
Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes as Determined by Glycated Haemoglobin A1c and Glucose Levels in a Developing Southern Chinese Population

Background The American Diabetes Association and World Health Organization have recently adopted the HbA1c measurement as one method of diagnostic criteria for diabetes. The change in diagnostic criteria has important implications for diabetes treatment and prevention. We therefore investigate diabetes using HbA1c and glucose criteria together, and assess the prevalent trend in a developing southern Chinese population with 85 million residents. Methods A stratified multistage random sampling method was applied and a representative sample of 3590 residents 18 years of age or above was obtained in 2010. Each participant received a full medical check-up, including measurement of fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour post-load plasma glucose, and HbA1c. Information on history of diagnosis and treatment of diabetes was collected. The prevalence of diabetes obtained from the present survey was compared with the data from the survey in 2002. Results The prevalence of diabetes based on both glucose and HbA1c measurements was 21.7% (95% CI: 17.4%–26.1%) in 2010, which suggests that more than 1 in 5 adult residents were suffering from diabetes in this developing population. Only 12.9% (95% CI: 8.3%–17.6%) of diabetic residents were aware of their condition. The prevalence of pre-diabetes was 66.3% (95% CI: 62.7%–69.8%). The prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes which met all the three diagnostic thresholds (fast plasma glucose, 2 hour post-load plasma glucose, and HbA1c) was 3.1% and 5.2%, respectively. Diabetes and pre-diabetes as determined by HbA1c measurement had higher vascular risk than those determined by glucose levels. The prevalence of diabetes increased from 2.9% (95% CI: 2.0%–3.7%) in 2002 to 13.8% (95% CI: 10.2%–17.3%) in 2010 based on the same glucose criteria. Conclusions Our results show that the diabetes epidemic is accelerating in China. The awareness of diabetes is extremely low. The glucose test and HbA1c measurement should be used together to increase detection of diabetes and pre-diabetes.
Acute plasma ghrelin and leptin responses to oral feeding or intraperitoneal hypertonic glucose-based dialysate in patients with chronic renal failure.

BACKGROUND Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with increased plasma levels of ghrelin and leptin, but the regulation of the secretion of these hormones has been insufficiently studied, in this setting. The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effects of oral feeding or intraperitoneal 3.86% glucose-based dialysate infusion on plasma ghrelin and leptin levels in patients with CRF undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). METHODS Following a crossover design, 10 patients and eight healthy controls underwent a standardized oral intake, a 3.86% glucose-based dialysate PD exchange (patients) and placebo oral intake. We scrutinized acute changes in plasma ghrelin, leptin, glucose, insulin, and growth hormone (GH) levels. RESULTS In patients, total ghrelin decreased modestly immediately after oral feeding (nadir 90.6% of baseline, range 85.1, 94.5, P= 0.03) or the PD exchange test (92.2%, range 58.7, 101.9, P= 0.05) (median). Response to oral feeding was markedly blunted when compared with healthy individuals (73.8%, range 56.1, 89.1, P= 0.007) (P < 0.005 vs. patients). Plasma acyl-ghrelin had a less marked but more persistent decay after the PD exchange test (nadir 80.4%, range 55.1, 96.3, P= 0.02) than after oral intake (64.4%, range 45.6, 82.3, P= 0.005); again, changes were more intense in normal controls (47.4%, range 32.1, 67.3, P= 0.01) (P < 0.05 vs. patients). Leptin levels decreased slightly (P < 0.05) after the PD exchange in patients, but did not respond acutely to oral feeding in patients or controls. CONCLUSION Ghrelin secretion is partially refractory to the acute inhibitory effect of oral feeding in patients with CRF undergoing PD therapy. A 3.86% glucose-based PD exchange results in a significant decrease of plasma ghrelin levels. Plasma leptin levels are not acutely affected by oral feeding in patients with CRF or healthy individuals.
Ownership Structure and Risk Taking of Malaysian Commercial Banks : The Moderating Effects of Capital Adequacy Ratio Nasyra

In this research, the direct impact of the three ownership structure (government, institutional and family) on bank risk takings measured by Z-Score is to be investigated. This is based on the Z-Score formulation that is used is based on the context that fits for Malaysia as one of the emerging markets. This research also investigates the impact of the ownership structure with capital adequacy ratio as the moderating element towards bank risk taking as measured by Z-Score, along with the five control variables. Data from eight large domestically-owned commercial banks in Malaysia for the period that runs from 2000 to 2012 are used in this research. Multiple regression and hierarchical moderated multiple regression results suggest that the three ownership structures employed in this study do not have any significant relationship on the risk measure in the direct relationship model. However, the results for the model where capital adequacy is included as a moderating factor show a significant relationship link between ownership structure and bank risk taking behaviour. The interaction between the family ownership and capital adequacy are also found to be significant towards risk taking.
Color It Real: A Program to Increase Condom Use and Reduce Substance Abuse and Perceived Stress

Few interventions have targeted perceived stress as a co-occurring construct central to substance use and subsequent HIV/AIDS risk reduction among African American urban young adults. The Color It Real Program was a seven session, weekly administered age-specific and culturally-tailored intervention designed to provide substance abuse and HIV education and reduce perceived stress among African Americans ages 18 to 24 in Atlanta, GA. Effectiveness was assessed through a quasi-experimental study design that consisted of intervention (n = 122) and comparison (n = 70) groups completing a pre- and post-intervention survey. A series of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests were used to assess pre- to post-intervention changes between study groups. For intervention participants, perceived stress levels were significantly reduced by the end of the intervention (t(70) = 2.38, p = 0.020), condom use at last sexual encounter significantly increased (F = 4.43, p = 0.0360), intervention participants were significantly less likely to drink five or more alcoholic drinks in one sitting (F = 5.10, p = 0.0245), and to use clean needles when injecting the drug (F = 36.99, p = 0.0001). This study is among the first of its kind to incorporate stress management as an integral approach to HIV/SA prevention. The program has implications for the design of other community-based, holistic approaches to addressing substance use and risky behaviors for young adults.
Financial Development, Economic Growth, and Energy Consumption Nexus: A Survey Literature

This paper explores the several hypotheses supported by the causal relationship between economic growth, financial development, FDI, electricity consumption, and energy consumption along with a survey of the empirical studies. This survey centers on variables selected, econometric approaches, country coverage, various methodologies, and empirical results. The results are indeed mixed across the 103 studies in the two previous tables across more than 100 countries reported. The results of the specific studies surveyed show that 59% supported the unidirectional hypothesis; 34% the bidirectional hypothesis; and 7% the neutrality (non causality) hypothesis. Keywords : Energy consumption, Economic growth, Granger-causality, Financial development, Electricity consumption.
Explicitating Structural Shifts in English-Arabic Translation: A Corpus-based Study of the Causal Conjunctives Because and li’anna

This study seeks to contribute to addressing a gap in theory-driven corpus-based research focused on explicitating tendencies in Arabic translated texts. It provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the translation of the English causal conjunction because and the use of the corresponding Arabic conjunction li’anna. Adopting a Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL)based approach, the author analyses bilingual concordance output for the English hypotactic conjunction because, highlighting some interesting patterns of explicitating and upgrading shifts, which for the most part do not seem to be dictated by contrastive linguistic requirements. The study also examines the concordance output of the Arabic causal hypotactic conjunction li’anna contrasting it with the corresponding conjunction or construction in the source text. Like a previous study of bilingual concordance output for the English hypotactic conjunction although/though (Fattah, 2016), the present study analyses all conjunctive shifts involving the causal conjunctions because and li’anna, assessing whether, and to what extent, those shifts represent patterns of structural explicitation, which are not attributable to the translator’s style, source language/text, or target language requirements.
Sequencing and scheduling: algorithms and complexity

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Fit to be king: how patrimonialism on Wall Street leads to inequality

The hedge fund industry is one of the most lucrative and powerful industries in the USA, yet it mostly comprises white men. To understand why, I turn to Weber’s theory of patrimonialism, which primarily has been applied to historical or nonWestern societies. I argue that patrimonialism—activated through trust, loyalty and tradition—restricts access to financial rewards and facilitates the reproduction of the white male domination of this industry. Using data from 45 in-depth interviews combined with field observations at industry events over a 4-year period, I investigate how hiring, grooming and seeding practices within and among firms enable certain elites to maintain monopolies over financial resources. Applying the theory of patrimonialism to a context with few women and minority men in power-holding positions demonstrates how practices that reproduce elite structures are directly connected to inequality in the workplace.
Understanding Stakeholder Action: Equity and Expectancy Considerations

In this study, I address the general research question, "What are the conditions under which stakeholders will take action against an organization? " I respond to this question by acknowledging that a stakeholder is likely to act when it is motivated to do so: accordingly I adopt two of the most well-established motivation theories, equity theory and expectancy theory, based on which I develop a framework for understanding when a stakeholder is likely to take action against the focal organization (FO). I assert that stakeholders are likely to take action against the FO when they perceive underreward inequity in their relationship with the FO, and when they have high expectancies that they can successfully take action in order to remedy that inequity. To test hypotheses derived from this framework I develop an experiment wherein subjects peruse two vignettes, each concerning a specific stakeholder-FO relationship, and respond to various questions concerning the likelihood that they would engage in various actions. Results provide support for the idea that both stakeholder perceptions of the degree of equity (or inequity) in their relationship with the FO and their expectancies that they can successfully engage in action that will result in valued outcomes affect stakeholders' propensities to take action against the FO. Other results indicate that overrewarded stakeholders may be more likely than others to engage in behaviors that help the FO. Results concerning the impact of equity sensitivity on stakeholder propensities to engage in action either detrimental to or supportive of the FO were mixed.
Relationships between self-esteem and posttraumatic growth among adolescents in the U . S .

ABSTRACT In response to highly stressful life events, positive psychological changes, known as posttraumatic growth (PTG), may occur in adolescents. Because PTG has been studied for the past two decades and yet it is still a relatively new concept, especially compared with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the current study tests if adolescents’ knowledge of PTG and PTSD is associated with their PTG perceptions resulting from their highly challenging life circumstances, and if the knowledge moderates the relationships between selfesteem and PTG in adolescents. High school students (N = 196) who experienced at least one stressful life event within the past three years completed the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and indicated the level of knowledge regarding positive changes (PTG) and negative consequences (PTSD). Results indicated that self-esteem was positively associated with PTG but only for adolescents who have a lower level of PTG knowledge, supporting the importance of previous knowledge to the perceptions and experiences of PTG. These findings suggest future research should look at the role of proximate cultural elements in PTG, because the notion of benefits out of adversity is likely to be influenced by socio-
Title Dyslexia and language impairment associated genetic markers influence cortical thickness and white matter in typically developing children

Dyslexia and language impairment (LI) are complex traits with substantial genetic components. We recently completed an association scan of the DYX2 locus, where we observed associations of markers in DCDC2, KIAA0319, ACOT13, and FAM65B with reading-, language-, and IQrelated traits. Additionally, the effects of reading-associated DYX3 markers were recently characterized using structural Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9392-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jeffrey R. Gruen jeffrey.gruen@yale.edu 1 Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA 2 Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA 3 Center for Human Development, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA 4 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA 5 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA 6 Scripps Genomic Medicine, Scripps Health, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA 7 Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA 8 Department of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA 9 Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA 01655, USA 10 Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD21205, USA 11 Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA 12 Department of Neurology and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA 13 Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA 14 Developmental Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA 15 Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA 16 Department of Neurosciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA 17 Radiology University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA 18 Cognitive Science University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA 19 Department of Investigative, School of Medicine, Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA 20 Department of Pediatrics, Genetics, and Investigative Medicine, Yale Child Health Research Center, 464 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8081, USA Brain Imaging and Behavior (2016) 10:272–282 DOI 10.1007/s11682-015-9392-6 neuroimaging techniques. Here, we assessed the neuroimag-
[Prognostic value of heart rate variability and Holter monitoring in Boxer dogs with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy]

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an important cause of sudden death in Boxer dogs. Validation of prognostic factors for this disease could help in detecting more severely affected animals and their exclusion from breeding programs. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prognostic significance of presence of symptoms, heart rate variability (HRV) indices and ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmias recorded by Holter monitoring on survival of Boxer dogs with ARVC at different stages. Symptoms, arrhythmias registered on Holter and five HRV indices were prospectively analyzed in 69 clientowned Boxer dogs divided into five groups: control Boxer dogs (CB group, <50 VPC/24 hours, n=28), suspicious Boxers (SB group, 50 to 300 VPC/24 hours, n=8), Boxers with ARVC (ARVC group, >300 VPC/24 hours, n=19), Boxers with ARVC and systolic dysfunction without congestive heart failure (SDB without CHF group, n=6) and with CHF (SDB with CHF group, n=8). Statistical analyses consisted of an ANOVA test, Pearson correlation and Cox's proportional hazards regression. Compared to the CB group, no decrease in HRV indices was found in SB, ARVCB or SDB without CHF groups; otherwise, SDB with CHF group had impaired indices. No relation was found between HRV indices and cardiac-related death, but the presence of syncopes with or without clinical signs of heart failure and number of ventricular tachycardia (VT), were correlated with survival. These results allow us to conclude that the presence of symptoms of heart failure, presence of syncopes and number of VT on Holter examination seem to have prognostic value in Boxer ARVC.
Reconceptualizing System Usage: An Approach and Empirical Test

Although DeLone, McLean, and others insist that system usage is a key variable in information systems research, the system usage construct has received little theoretical scrutiny, boasts no widely accepted definition, and has been operationalized by a diverse set of unsystematized measures. In this article, we present a systematic approach for reconceptualizing the system usage construct in particular nomological contexts. Comprising two stages, definition and selection, the approach enables researchers to develop clear and valid measures of system usage for a given theoretical and substantive context. The definition stage requires that researchers define system usage and explicate its underlying assumptions. In the selection stage, we suggest that system usage be conceptualized in terms of its structure and function. The structure of system usage is tripartite, comprising a user, system, and task, and researchers need to justify which elements of usage are most relevant for their study. In terms of function, researchers should choose measures for each element (i.e., user, system, and/or task) that tie closely to the other constructs in the researcher's nomological network. To provide evidence of the viability of the approach, we undertook an empirical investigation of the relationship between system usage and short-run task performance in cognitively engaging tasks. The results support the benefits of the approach and show how an inappropriate choice of usage measures can lead researchers to draw opposite conclusions in an empirical study. Together, the approach and the results of the empirical investigation suggest new directions for research into the nature of system usage, its antecedents, and its consequences.
The effects of the quantity of physical activity in cognition

Exercise promotes the increase of cognitive performance (Aberg et al., 2009), however, the quantity of physical activity needed to achieve this effect is not clearly defined. The present study aimed to research the effects of the quantity of physical activity practice on the executive function of healthy adults, measured by performance on the Stroop test. Results showed that the sedentary group had a worst performance than both groups of physically active individuals. Interestingly, this positive effect of exercise on cognitive performance did not increase with the increase in the quantity of physical activity practiced by the individuals. In conclusion, a moderate quantity of practice (150 min per week) produces the highest amount of benefits for cognitive performance, in comparison with a high quantity of practice (300 min per week).
Support Vector Machine Classi cation ofMicroarray Gene Expression DataUCSC-CRL-99-09

We introduce a new method of functionally classifying genes using gene expression data from DNA microarray hybridization experiments. The method is based on the theory of support vector machines (SVMs). We describe SVMs that use different similarity metrics including a simple dot product of gene expression vectors, polynomial versions of the dot product, and a radial basis function. Compared to the other SVM similarity metrics, the radial basis function SVM appears to provide superior performance in identifying sets of genes with a common function using expression data. In addition, SVM performance is compared to four standard machine learning algorithms. SVMs have many features that make them attractive for gene expression analysis, including their ﬂexibility in choosing a similarity function, sparseness of solution when dealing with large data sets, the ability to handle large feature spaces, and the ability to identify outliers.