Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When Corporate Image Affects Product Evaluations: The Moderating Role of Perceived Risk

In two experiments, the authors show that corporate image associations with innovation and trustworthiness (but not social responsibility) influence product evaluations more when consumers perceive high (versus low) risk in the product purchase. Their findings extend previous research by identifying perceived risk as a moderator of the effects of corporate image on product evaluations. The authors discuss implications for the conditions governing the “flow-through” of corporate image to individual product evaluations.
Eroticizing female and male bodies: a linguistic investigation of a pornographic novel from the Victorian magazine The Pearl

In this article on Sub-Umbra, I firstly discuss the main features and themes of the discourse of pornography and sexuality in the nineteenth century and the linguistic characteristics typifying that discourse. Secondly, I analyze the excerpts from the novel describing female bodies and referring to female and male genitalia where the strategies of the discourse of pornography are more salient. What emerges from this linguistic investigation is that the male narrator's remarks about those bodies and body parts are consistently furnished by means of value-laden lexemes. Their main discursive function proves to be that of intermingling physical attributes with sexuality and lust, thereby representing those attributes as the causes of sexual desire.
The relationship between gender and performance issues of concern to directors: correlates or institution?

Summary This paper focuses on the influence of gender on performance issues which concern directors of publicly traded corporations in Israel. Two theoretical perspectives for the explanation of gender diAerences in occupations were examined. The first views gender as an individual-level property that is correlated with occupational and job variables and the behavioral diAerences between men and women as the result of these correlates. According to this perspective, when the correlates of gender are controlled, these diAerences disappear. The second perspective treats gender not only as a property that individuals bring with them to the workplace, but also as an institutionalized characteristic of theworkplace, of occupations, and of occupational environments, as embedded in formally defined rules, roles and responsibilities. Consequently, gender influences are not easily eliminated. The dependent variable was the extent to which men and women diAer in their concerns regarding their roles as directors. The independent variables included human, social capital and organizational context variables, and gender. Data were collected by means of questionnaires from a representative sample of directors (98 women and 127 men). The findings lend partial support for a view of gender as a social institution and directors as a gendered occupation. Copyright #1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memories of the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001: A Study of the Consistency and Phenomenal Characteristics of Flashbulb Memories

In this study, I investigated students' memories of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, carried out by Al Qaeda terrorists against the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington. Participants completed on two occasions (2 weeks and 8 months after the events took place) a memory questionnaire that included an assessment of the phenomenal richness of their memories. The results showed that the participants remembered very well the circumstances in which they first heard about the terrorist attacks, that they were very confident about this information, and that these memories were characterized by a high phenomenal richness. Over time, there was a decrease in all of these variables, but people's ratings of phenomenology and confidence were still very high. En este estudio se investigaron los recuerdos que tenían estudiantes de los ataques terroristas del 11 de septiembre de 2001, llevados a cabo por terroristas de Al Qaeda contra el World Trade Center en Nueva York y el Pentágono en Washington. En dos ocasiones diferentes (2 semanas y 8 meses después de los sucesos) los participantes rellenaron un cuestionario de memoria que incluía una evaluación de la riqueza fenomenológica de sus recuerdos. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes recordaban muy bien las circunstancias en las que se enteraron de los ataques terroristas, que tenían mucha confianza en esta información, y que estos recuerdos se caracterizaban por una gran riqueza fenomenológica. Con el paso del tiempo, había un decremento en todas estas variables pero las valoraciones de las personas de la fenomenología y la confianza se mantenían muy altas.
Well‐being of children with chronic illness. A population‐based study in a Swedish primary care district

According to a previous study, 8% of all children in Dalby primary care district were chronically ill. The impact of the illness on the children's well‐being was investigated using parental questionnaires. No difference in socio‐demographic variables was found between responders (70%) and non‐responders. The study comprised 98 index and 168 control children. Comfort and well‐being in school and pre‐school were lower among the index than among the control children and lower among the index children in normal compared with special schools. According to the parents many teachers had insufficient knowledge of disorders/handicaps. Children with a physical disability more often had special remedial education compared with healthy children. The chronically ill children were bullied more often, had fewer contacts with peers and more emotional problems than the control group. Improved knowledge of chronic childhood disorders/disabilities and recognition of the psychosocial consequences at school/pre‐school and in the child health services is advocated.
Problem and Opportunity: integrating anthropology, Ecology, and Policy through adaptive Experimentation in the urban u.S. Southwest

Natural resource management agencies and governmental programs that fund research are increasingly calling for interdisciplinary research that integrates biological ecology and the social sciences in a way that can inform policy. One fundamental impediment to collaboration derives from the emphasis that biological scientists place on experimentation, which is generally not considered a viable option for anthropologists. We suggest that anthropologists could have additional influence on policy by collaborating with biological ecologists in manipulative experiments that include human subjects. Critical to this approach are the participation of research subjects in research planning and willingness on the part of social and biological scientists to rapidly adopt new hypotheses and control scenarios that may emerge from shifting political and ethical contexts—what we call "adaptive experimentation. " We provide an example of an adaptive experiment being conducted at Arizona State University, which situates urb.
Group Creativity and Technology

Despite the popularity of brainstorming, research has shown that verbal brainstorming is not always effective in increasing group creativity. On the other hand, its electronic counterpart, electronic brainstorming, appears to produce much better results. Is technology the panacea for group idea generation? This paper first reviews the theory of group creativity and then examines the characteristics of electronic brainstorming that makes it more effective than verbal brainstorming. From the success of electronic brainstorming, it then argues that the use of technology might be the key to overcome the space and time constraints that are commonly faced by creativity groups.
Face and Facework in Conflicts With Parents and Siblings: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Germans, Japanese, Mexicans, and U.S. Americans

The study examined the effects of national culture, self-construals, and power distance on face concerns and facework behaviors during conflicts with parents and siblings. A total of 449 participants of 4 national cultures completed a questionnaire in their respective languages: Germany, Japan, Mexico, and the United States. The questionnaire measured 3 face concerns and 11 facework behaviors in recalled conflicts with either a sibling or a parent. The major findings of the study are as follows: (a) self-construals had strong effects on face concerns and facework with independence positively associated with self-face and dominating facework and interdependence positively associated with other- and mutual-face and integrating and avoiding facework behaviors; (b) power distance had small, positive effects on self-face, other-face, avoiding facework, and dominating facework; (c) national culture had small to medium effects with individualistic, small power distance cultures having more self-face and mutual-face and using more dominating and integrating facework and less avoiding facework; (d) Germans have more self-face and used defending more than U.S. Americans; (e) Japanese used more expression than Mexicans; and (f) individuals in conflict with parents were more likely to use respect and expression and less likely to use aggression, pretend, and third party than individuals in conflict with siblings.
VDR Status Arbitrates the Prometastatic Effects of Tumor-Associated Macrophages

The relationship between tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the initiation and progression of metastasis is still unclear. Here, a role for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in metastasis was identified, as well as a role in the relationship between TAMs and EMT. First, the expression level of VDR was examined in clinical tissue from human patients with breast cancer or a mouse model of breast cancer with differential metastasis. These results revealed that VDR expression negatively correlates with metastasis in breast cancer. Second, coculture of VDR-overexpressing breast cancer cells with a macrophage cell line demonstrated that overexpression of VDR alleviated the prometastatic effect of cocultured macrophages on breast cancer cells. Furthermore, VDR overexpression abrogated the induction of EMT in breast cancer cells by cocultured macrophage cells, as measured by a loss of E-cadherin (CDH1) and induction of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). TNFα in macrophage conditioned media inhibited VDR expression, whereas downregulation of VDR further mediated the promotion of TGFβ-induced EMT by TNFα. In addition, β-catenin expression was inhibited in VDR-overexpressing breast cancer cells and tumor xenografts. Finally, administration of calcitriol [1,25-(OH)2D3], an active vitamin D metabolite, exerted similar antimetastatic effects in breast cancer cells in vitro and a mouse model of breast cancer in vivo with preservation of VDR and suppression of β-catenin. Implications: VDR suppression by TNFα mediates the prometastatic effect of TAMs through enhancement of the β-catenin pathway. Mol Cancer Res; 12(8); 1181–91. ©2014 AACR.
Modeling and analysis of three-phase inverter based on generalized state space averaging method

Aiming at the deficiency of common methods in inverter modeling, the modeling of three-phase three-wire inverter based on generalized state space averaging method is presented in this paper, which also takes the dead-time effect into consideration. By using the proposed method, the calculating fundamental components of voltages and currents are in accord with the simulation and experiment of actual devices considerably compared with conventional state-space averaging method. Besides, it provides effective means for precise closed loop controller design. The simulations by means of Matlab are well developed to describe the proposed theoretical model. In addition, an experimental platform based on three-phase three-wire inverters is built and shown to validate the effectiveness of the mathematical results.
Differing effects of coping strategies on mental health during prolonged unemployment: A longitudinal analysis

A three-wave longitudinal design was used to examine the causal effects of two coping strategies in the context of prolonged unemployment, namely job search and distancing (i.e. emotional detachment from unemployment), on mental health and the duration of these effects. Two situational appraisals, namely economic hardship and unemployment negativity (i.e. perceived negativity of unemployment life) were found to influence both coping strategies and mental health. We confirmed that the negative effect of job search on mental health was primarily owing to the two situational appraisals, especially unemployment negativity. In contrast, the positive effect of distancing on mental health was significant, even after the situational appraisals were taken into account. In addition, the positive effect of distancing on mental health lasted longer than the negative effect of job search.
Under Pressure: Cetaceans and Fisheries Co-occurrence off the Coasts of Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire (Gulf of Guinea)

Within the Gulf of Guinea high levels of fisheries-related cetacean mortality (bycatch and direct-capture) has been documented. For locally rare species such removals could potentially lead to significant population level effects. However, information on the cetacean abundance and distribution is scarce. Similarly, it remains largely unreported where fishing fleets operate offshore. A cetacean survey took place during geophysical surveys (2013-2014) along the coasts of Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire. This provided a unique opportunity to study both offshore cetacean and fishing communities. Due to large group-sizes, melon-headed whales were the most abundant (0.34 animals km-1) followed by Fraser’s dolphins and short-finned pilot whales. Range state records were confirmed for melon-headed whale and Fraser’s dolphin in Ivoirian waters and ten further species represented first at-sea sightings. The artisanal fishing canoe was most abundant (92% of all vessels) and recorded up to 99.5 km from the Ghanaian coast. Asian trawlers operated over shelf areas and tuna purse-seine vessels in deep oceanic and slope waters. Fraser’s dolphins, melon-headed whales, pantropical spotted dolphins, bottlenose dolphins and pilot whales were recorded in areas with the highest fishing densities. Melon-headed whales, pilot whales and rough-toothed dolphins were observed in vicinity of trawlers; bottlenose dolphins, pantropical spotted dolphins and pilot whales in vicinity of canoes. Some notable differences were found in the species composition between the present surveys and port-based surveys of landed cetaceans (bycatch/direct-captures). These may be explained by (1) feeding strategies (nocturnal vs. diurnal; surface vs. deep water); (2) different attractions to vessels/fishing gear; (3) variable body sizes; and (4) difficulty to positively identify species. Despite these differences, both cetaceans and fishing vessels predominantly occurred in shelf and slope waters (< 1,000 m depth contour), making fishery-related mortality likely. The poor knowledge on population trends of cetaceans in this unique upwelling region, together with a high demand for cetacean products for human consumption (as ‘marine bushmeat’) may lead to a potential decline of some species that may go unnoticed. These new insights can provide a foundation for the urgently required risk assessments of cetacean mortality in fisheries within the northern Gulf of Guinea.
Review of how we should define (and measure) adherence in studies examining older adults' participation in exercise classes

Exercise classes provide a range of benefits to older adults, reducing risk of illness, promoting functional ability and improving well-being. However, to be effective and achieve long-term outcomes, exercise needs to be maintained. Adherence is poor and reporting of adherence differs considerably between studies. Objective To explore how adherence to exercise classes for older people is defined in the literature and devise a definition for pooling data on adherence in future studies. Design Methodological review of the approaches used to measure adherence. Methods A review of the literature was carried out using narrative synthesis, based on systematic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsychINFO. 2 investigators identified eligible studies and extracted data independently. Results 37 papers including 34 studies were identified. 7 papers (7 studies) defined adherence as completion (retention). 30 papers (27 studies) identified adherence using attendance records. 12 papers (11 studies) based adherence on duration of exercise and 5 papers (4 studies) specified the intensity with which participants should exercise. Several studies used multiple methods. Conclusions There was little consensus between studies on how adherence should be defined, and even when studies used the same conceptual measure, they measured the concept using different approaches and/or had different cut-off points. Adherence related to health outcomes requires multiple measurements, for example, attendance, duration and intensity. It is important that future studies consider the outcome of the intervention when considering their definition of adherence, and we recommend a series of definitions for future use.
Aggressive Transitional Cell Carcinoma Factor-like Growth Factor Precursor Is a Feature of A Nuclear Form of the Heparin-binding Epidermal Growth

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HBEGF), a member of the ErbB receptor ligand family, exists in distinct molecular forms with disparate biological activities. Previous studies have shown that the HB-EGF precursor, proHB-EGF, localizes to the cytoplasm of transitional cells of the human bladder urothelium and that the soluble form of the growth factor is an autocrine urothelial cell mitogen. In this study, we identify a potential role for proHB-EGF in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. In an analysis of 33 TCC specimens and 8 normal controls, proHB-EGF, identified using an antibody directed against the cytoplasmic tail domain, localized to cell nuclei in a manner that correlated positively with tumor stage and grade (P < 0.001). The ability of proHB-EGF to localize to the nucleus was independently confirmed in a TCC cell line (TCCSUP), in which 40% of transfected proHB-EGF was found to reside in the nuclear compartment. In KaplanMeier survival analysis, TCC patients with >20% proHB-EGF-positive cell nuclei demonstrated markedly reduced survival compared with patients with <20% proHB-EGF-positive nuclei (P < 0.005, log-rank test). In multivariate analysis, nuclear localization of proHB-EGF of >20% was an independent prognostic indicator of disease-specific mortality. This is the first report in any cell type that HB-EGF is capable of translocating to the cell nucleus. In addition, our findings suggest that nuclear proHBEGF may play a role in disease progression in bladder cancer and possibly other cancers.
Prose and Cons about Goal-Free Evaluation

TRACES are what evaluators left behind—discoveries, records, tracks—which made marks on the profession of program evaluation. Published here are excerpts from our past (e.g., articles, passages from books, speeches) that show where we have been or affected where we are g(r)o(w)ing. Suggestions for inclusion should be sent to the Editor, along with rationale for their import. Photocopies of the original printed versions are preferred with full bibliographic information. Copying rights will be secured by the Editor.
The Social Construction of Data: Methodological Problems of Investigating Learning in the Zone of Proximal Development

Educational researchers have traditionally drawn on procedures and metaphors from the hard sciences to guide their thinking about methodological issues. One frequently invoked metaphor is that of the purity of data, which a researcher can contaminate through the process of investigation. This article questions the appropriateness of the purity metaphor, using a perspective provided by Vygotsky’s notion of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) and its emphasis on a genetic method in which development is mediated by cultural tools and signs. Methodological problems emerging from this conception of the ZPD—including problems of defining research, identifying an appropriate unit of analysis, considering the relationship between evidence and telos (an optimal sense of development), and accounting for the mediational role of assessment—are reviewed. Finally, the work of Luria (1976) is examined from the neo-Vygotskian perspective developed in this article.
Protection of Nonhuman Primates against Two Species of Ebola Virus Infection with a Single Complex Adenovirus Vector

ABSTRACT Ebola viruses are highly pathogenic viruses that cause outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates. To meet the need for a vaccine against the several types of Ebola viruses that cause human diseases, we developed a multivalent vaccine candidate (EBO7) that expresses the glycoproteins of Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) and Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV) in a single complex adenovirus-based vector (CAdVax). We evaluated our vaccine in nonhuman primates against the parenteral and aerosol routes of lethal challenge. EBO7 vaccine provided protection against both Ebola viruses by either route of infection. Significantly, protection against SEBOV given as an aerosol challenge, which has not previously been shown, could be achieved with a boosting vaccination. These results demonstrate the feasibility of creating a robust, multivalent Ebola virus vaccine that would be effective in the event of a natural virus outbreak or biological threat.
Violence and Narcissism: A Frommian Perspective on Destructiveness under Authoritarianism

This article offers a sympathetic appraisal of Erich Fromm’s conceptualisation of narcissism as it relates to the emergence, sustenance, and resolution of authoritarian violence. The discussion is first placed within the methodological debate over the analytic operations that are required for an adequate understanding of authoritarian violence, explaining why a psychoanalytic perspective is necessary. The focus then shifts to Fromm’s take on the Freudian concept of narcissism, before proceeding to explore in some depth his account of the symbolic mechanisms and contextual climate that must combine in practice in order for narcissistic energies to be channeled into authoritarianism and violence. Attention in this regard is paid both to the populace and governing elites. The article concludes with a short exposition of Fromm’s notion of benign narcissism, from its specific content to the conditions of its possibility. Cet article offre une evaluation bien disposee de la conceptualisation du narcissisme selon Erich Fromm et du rapport de cette notion a l’emergence, la nourriture et la resolution de la violence autoritaire. L’analyse est d’abord situee dans le debat methodologique sur les operations analytiques requises pour une comprehension adequate de la violence autoritaire, en expliquant pourquoi une perspective psychanalytique est necessaire. Le point d’attention puis se deplace a l’approche du Fromm sur le concept Freudien du narcissisme, avant de proceder a explorer en quelque detail son explication des mecanismes symboliques et du climat contextuel qui doivent combiner en realite afin que les energies narcissiques soient acheminees au autoritarisme et a la violence. A cet egard, d’attention est donnee a la fois a la populace et aux elites gouvernantes. L’article conclut avec une exposition breve de la notion du narcissisme benin de Fromm, de son contenu specifique aux conditions de sa possibilite.