Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Accounts of Motive-Specific Incentives Conditioned Incentives :

Overview Over the past 50 years, motivation theorists have generally agreed that implicit motives represent capacities to experience specific classes of incentives as rewarding Achievement) find pleasure in mastering challenging tasks; individuals high in the need for power (n Power) get a kick out of having impact on others; and individuals high in the need for affiliation (n Affiliation) enjoy having close, harmonious contact with others. An important consequence of implicit motives' capacity to affectively charge incentives is that they orient attention and energize and select behaviors aimed at attaining these incentives (McClelland, 1987). 2 However, despite the nominal importance theorists have ascribed to motive-specific incentives, their exact properties have remained strangely undefined in the past. We believe that this state of affairs has hindered theoretical and empirical advances in the field because a key ingredient for a more thorough understanding of motives, what they are and how they operate, has been missing. This has led to a somewhat insular existence of motive research outside of mainstream personality psychology, social psychology, and biopsychology, the three disciplines traditionally most concerned with motivation. At the same time, the relative lack of precision inherent in the definitions of motives and particularly their incentives has led to a Babylonic proliferation of motive measures and theories that often do not share much except the name with the original concepts and measures developed by McClelland and colleagues (see McClelland, Koestner, & Weinberger, 1989, for a discussion of this issue). Neither development was apt to move research on implicit motives forward in great and confident strides. As deplorable as this outcome may be, we suggest it can be revised to a large extent by going back to the incentive concept at the core of implicit motive research and defining and testing it rigorously. In the present chapter, we aim to move in this direction by tracing in the first half the conceptualization of motive-specific incentives from their origin in McClelland, Atkinson, Clark and Lowell's (1953) pioneering work on the achievement motive through its metamorphoses in the work of McClelland and his associates (McClelland, 1980; McClelland et al., 1989) to the information-processing account of implicit motivation formulated by Schultheiss (2001, 2008). In the second half of the chapter, we will present a motivational field theory of motivational incentives, proposing that nonverbal social signals, specifically facial expressions of emotion, function as incentives for implicit motives. We will argue that …
A new, simpler linear-time dominators algorithm

We present a new linear-time algorithm to find the immediate dominators of all vertices in a flowgraph. Our algorithm is simpler than previous linear-time algorithms: rather than employ complicated data structures, we combine the use of microtrees and memoization with new observations on a restricted class of path compressions. We have implemented our algorithm, and we report experimental results that show that the constant factors are low. Compared to the standard, slightly superlinear algorithm of Lengauer and Tarjan, which has much less overhead, our algorithm runs 10-20% slower on real flowgraphs of reasonable size and only a few percent slower on very large flowgraphs.
Application of Boltzmann's Integration Method under non-ideal Conditions

Boltzmann’s integration method may prove to be a very powerful tool to study the transport diffusion of guest molecules in nanoporous host systems. In many cases, however, the prerequisites for applying this method are not completely fulfilled. In the following, the consequences of these deviations on the accuracy of the obtained results are discussed. It is found that the results of Boltzmann’s integration method can be corrected by different considerations. The discussion is focussed on the concentration profiles observed during the adsorption and desorption of methanol in ferrierite-type crystals as observable by interference microscopy.
Software Testing Techniques

The aim is to compare different testing techniques and what efforts it takes to find genuine failures on particular level of test. These levels are e.g. unit/component level, i.e. code/designer level testing, as well as on other test levels, such as integrated and system test level. Test cases are often complementary to each other, and explore different aspects of the program being tested. Writing efficient test cases is a necessity, since testing all aspects of a complex system is not feasible. For large complex systems, the share amount of code, and the probability of typical failures at different level implies that there are typical test case approaches that should be more efficient than others. Yet, there is not much research comparing testing techniques other than comparing two particular techniques, and often the evaluation is done on very small code samples. The purpose of this research is first to understand, classify and explore test techniques and their efficiency to find failures, which includes doing a thorough literature study among what has been evaluated and how at earlier stages. Secondly, the analysis of this will result in an exploration of the existing classifications, and its benefits and downfalls. Thirdly the work will focus on trying to select some testing technique, and understand and explore how to actually evaluate the testing technique in a proper way by doing experiments, and finally to expand this experiment to more testing techniques and a larger scale of code, which will include experiments on efficiency. This efficiency exploration will lead the research into areas to explore where automated techniques is interesting result of study.
MHD Flow and Heat Transfer in a Power-law Liquid Film at a Porous Surface in the Presence of Thermal Radiation

In this paper, the effects of variable thermal conductivity and thermal radiation on the MHD flow and heat transfer of a non-Newtonian power-law liquid film at a horizontal porous sheet in the presence of viscous dissipation is studied. The governing time dependent boundary layer equations are transformed to coupled, non-linear ordinary differential equations with power-law index, unsteady parameter, film thickness, magnetic parameter, injection parameter, variable thermal conductivity parameter, thermal radiation parameter, the Prandtl number and the Eckert number. These coupled non-linear equations are solved numerically by an implicit, finite difference scheme known as the Keller box method. The obtained numerical results for velocity and temperature profiles are presented graphically. Also, the obtained results of our study for some special cases are compared with the previously published results, and the results are found to be in very good agreement. The effects of unsteady parameter on the skin friction, walltemperature gradient and the film thickness are explored for different values of the power-law index and the magnetic parameter. The results obtained reveal many interesting behaviors that warrant further study of the equations related to non-Newtonian fluid phenomena, especially the shear-thinning phenomena.
Importance of Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Back‐Up in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Background It remains to be determined whether patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) benefit from the addition of an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD). Methods and Results We performed a literature search looking for studies of patients implanted with CRTs. Comparisons were performed between patients receiving CRT‐defibrillator (CRT‐D) versus CRT‐pacemaker (CRT‐P). The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Data were pooled using a random‐effects model. The relative risk (RR) and hazard ratio (HR, when available) were used as measurements of treatment effect. Nineteen entries were entitled for inclusion, comprising 12 378 patients (7030 receiving CRT‐D and 5348 receiving CRT‐P) and 29 799 patient‐years of follow‐up. Those receiving CRT‐D were younger, were more often males, had lower NYHA class, lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation, higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease, and were more often on beta‐blockers. Ten studies showed significantly lower mortality rates with the CRT‐D device, while the remaining 9 were neutral. The pooled data of studies revealed that CRT‐D patients had significantly lower mortality rates compared with CRT‐P patients (mortality rates: CRT‐D 16.6% versus CRT‐P 27.1%; RR=0.69, 95% CI 0.62–0.76; P<0.00001). The number needed to treat to prevent one death was 10. The observed I2 values showed moderate heterogeneity among studies (I2=48%). The benefit of CRT‐D was more pronounced in ischemic cardiomyopathy (HR=0.70, 95% CI 0.59–0.83, P<0.001, I2=0%), but a trend for benefit, albeit of lower magnitude, could also be seen in non‐ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (HR=0.79, 95% CI 0.61–1.02, P=0.07, I2=36%). Conclusions The addition of the ICD associates with a reduction in the risk of all‐cause mortality in CRT patients. This seems to be more pronounced in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Changes in tourists’ perception of well-being based on their use of emotion regulation strategies during vacation

ABSTRACT Based on the theoretical foundation of emotion regulation, this exploratory study aimed to examine changes in tourists’ perceived well-being and to determine whether these changes were due to use of emotion regulation strategies (ERSs) during their vacation. This study used travel diaries to record tourists’ use of ERSs on a daily basis, and also measured tourists’ perceived well-being one day before and after their vacation. Results indicated that tourists had significantly higher perceptions of well-being after vacation, and those who used ERSs were more likely to indicate a higher sense of well-being after vacation. The results provide new insight into which aspects of tourists’ subjective and psychological well-being can be boosted by taking vacations and how these aspects may be enhanced by using different ERSs.
Quality of work life of Emirati women and its influence on job satisfaction and turnover intention: Evidence from the UAE

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to examine the quality of work life (QoWL) and its influence on job satisfaction and turnover (job-leaving) intention of Emirati women employed in various public sector organizations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a structured questionnaire gleaned from literature, and were analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings QoWL was found to have a significant relationship with all variables in the model, and was found, as hypothesized, to have a positive effect on job satisfaction and a negative effect on turnover intention. Research limitations/implications One of the main limitations of this study is that the sample is drawn from only Emirati female employees who were working in public organizations based in the Abu Dhabi region, the capital of UAE, and hence, cannot be generalized. Practical implications This study helps policy makers by identifying crucial points that can improve Emirati female employees’ QoWL with a commensurate reduction in turnover intention in a collectivistic society. Public sector organizations should address the factors that directly affect Emirati women’s QoWL and job satisfaction, as it will ultimately result in less staff turnover, greater productivity, and will also support the localization strategy. Originality/value The study is one of the first enquiries which stresses the importance of understanding how Emirati female employees perceive and categorize themselves as a valuable element of the workplace alongside the significance of augmenting their sense of belongingness to their organization.
Factors Contributing To Students' Poor Performance in Mathematics at Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education in Kenya: A Case of Baringo County, Kenya

Performance in Mathematics by students has persistently been poor. This study sought to investigate the factors contributing to the poor performance and to establish the strategies that can be adopted to improve performance in Mathematics by students in secondary schools in Baringo County in Kenya. The study to determine the school based factors that affect students’ performance in Mathematics in secondary schools, socio-cultural factors that affect them and their personal factors that affect performance in Mathematics, and established the strategies that can be adopted to improve performance in Mathematics. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The target population was 1876 respondents which comprised of Form Three secondary school students in Koibatek District, 132 Mathematics teachers and 9 head teachers. The data for the research was collected by use of three questionnaires; student, teachers and head teachers questionnaires. Factors contributing to poor performance include under staffing, inadequate teaching/ learning materials, lack of motivation and poor attitudes by both teachers and students, retrogressive practices. Improving on these factors and sensitization of the local community to discard practices which prohibit student’s effective participation in learning mathematics could improve performance in Mathematics. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will give curriculum developers new insights into emerging issues on performance and influence the Ministry of Education on policy formulation. Students are also expected to benefit from the findings; because improved mathematics performance will give them opportunities to pursue science related courses in higher institutions of learning and middle level colleges.
Mercury emission and speciation of coal-fired power plants in China

Abstract. Comprehensive field measurements are needed to understand the mercury emissions from Chinese power plants and to improve the accuracy of emission inventories. Characterization of mercury emissions and their behavior were measured in six typical coal-fired power plants in China. During the tests, the flue gas was sampled simultaneously at inlet and outlet of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), electrostatic precipitators (ESP), and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) using the Ontario Hydro Method (OHM). The pulverized coal, bottom ash, fly ash and gypsum were also sampled in the field. Mercury concentrations in coal burned in the measured power plants ranged from 17 to 385 μg/kg. The mercury mass balances for the six power plants varied from 87 to 116% of the input coal mercury for the whole system. The total mercury concentrations in the flue gas from boilers were at the range of 1.92–27.15 μg/m3, which were significantly related to the mercury contents in burned coal. The mercury speciation in flue gas right after the boiler is influenced by the contents of halogen, mercury, and ash in the burned coal. The average mercury removal efficiencies of ESP, ESP plus wet FGD, and ESP plus dry FGD-FF systems were 24%, 73% and 66%, respectively, which were similar to the average removal efficiencies of pollution control device systems in other countries such as US, Japan and South Korea. The SCR system oxidized 16% elemental mercury and reduced about 32% of total mercury. Elemental mercury, accounting for 66–94% of total mercury, was the dominant species emitted to the atmosphere. The mercury emission factor was also calculated for each power plant.
Meaningful keyword search in relational databases with large and complex schema

Keyword search over relational databases offers an alternative way to SQL to query and explore databases that is effective for lay users who may not be well versed in SQL or the database schema. This becomes more pertinent for databases with large and complex schemas. An answer in this context is a join tree spanning tuples containing the query's keywords. As there are potentially many answers to the query, and the user is often only interested in seeing the top-k answers, how to rank the answers based on their relevance is of paramount importance. We focus on the relevance of join as the fundamental means to rank answers. We devise means to measure relevance of relations and foreign keys in the schema over the information content of the database. This can be done offline with no need for external models. We compare the proposed measures against a gold standard we derive from a real workload over TPC-E and evaluate the effectiveness of our methods. Finally, we test the performance of our measures against existing techniques to demonstrate a marked improvement, and perform a user study to establish naturalness of the ranking of the answers.
Effects of folate and folylpolyglutamyl synthase modulation on chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells

Folylpolyglutamyl synthase (FPGS) converts intracellular folates and antifolates to polyglutamates. Polyglutamylated folates and antifolates are retained in cells longer and are better substrates than their monoglutamate counterparts for enzymes involved in one-carbon transfer. FPGS modulation affects the chemosensitivity of cancer cells to antifolates, such as methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) by altering polyglutamylation of antifolates and specific target intracellular folate cofactors. However, this effect may be counterbalanced by FPGS modulation-induced changes in polyglutamylation of other intracellular folate cofactors and total intracellular folate pools. We generated an in vitro model of FPGS overexpression and inhibition in breast cancer cells by stably transfecting human MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells with the sense FPGS cDNA or FPGS-targeted small interfering RNA, respectively, and investigated the effects of FPGS modulation on chemosensitivity to 5FU and methotrexate. FPGS modulation-induced changes in polyglutamylation of both antifolates and folate cofactors and in intracellular folate pools affected chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells to pemetrexed and trimetrexate whose cytotoxic effects do or do not depend on polyglutamylation, respectively, in a predictable manner. However, the effects of FPGS modulation on the chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells to 5FU and methotrexate seem to be highly complex and depend not only on polyglutamylation of a specific target intracellular folate cofactor or methotrexate, respectively, but also on total intracellular folate pools and polyglutamylation of other intracellular folate cofactors. Whether or not FPGS modulation may be an important clinical determinant of chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells to 5FU and methotrexate-based chemotherapy needs further exploration. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(11):2909–20]
The career trajectories of English language teachers

As an academic researcher, I found the relative lack of references a bit frustrating but this is perhaps a minor quibble. That said, many interesting and important data analysis issues are discussed, such as descriptive analysis as the necessary start of the process, effect sizes over p-values, and the importance of theory, and of theory-building in quantitative research. There are so many things that could be covered in such a book, that it is unsurprising that some things are left untouched – for example, it would have been interesting to see a consideration of the sample versus population arguments that some argue render statistical hypothesis testing irrelevant when using administrative datasets where the whole population has been “sampled” (Gibbs, Shafer, and Miles 2017). Another issue that could have been considered would be the potential contribution of mixed methods to a quantitative secondary data analysis, and the issues that might then arise. This would certainly be a useful book to support an introductory undergraduate quantitative analysis course for any social science discipline, including in education, even though the examples are not generally focussed on education-specific datasets. The book dips into a number of important issues that could be used to open up meaningful discussion of key issues in quantitative data analysis and to help teach the strengths and pitfalls of using secondary data sets in research. Its unique approach, focussing on secondary data and related issues, certainly complements other well-known, perhaps more methods-focussed, SPSS-based books such as those of Andy Field (2013) and Julie Pallant (2010).
Parasocial interaction and parasocial relationship: Conceptual clarification and a critical assessment of measures

Parasocial interaction and parasocial relationship are often conflated conceptually and methodologically, leaving researchers unclear as to which concept is being tapped. This research clarifies these concepts and experimentally compares the most common measure of parasocial interaction, the Parasocial Interaction Scale (PSI-Scale), with a newer measure, the Experience of Parasocial Interaction Scale (EPSI-Scale). Participants (N = 383) viewed a brief videorecording of a woman who either bodily addressed the viewer or not, then completed a questionnaire. The EPSI-Scale was a better measure of parasocial interaction, understood as a within-viewing experience of mutual awareness, whereas the PSI-Scale may measure short- or long-term liking, or something else. To avoid conceptual and empirical confusion, researchers must choose measures with greater care.
Understanding the user acceptance of gesture-based human-computer interactions

This study empirically evaluates how user perceptions and attitudes influence behavioral intention use of multi-touch gestures on a large multi-touch screen by using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). In the study the researchers presented 20 novice users with an introduction and hands-on of multi-touch gestures on window, object and image manipulations. Following the hand-on session, data on user perceptions and attitudes about multi-touch gestures were gathered. The hierarchical multiple regression analyses were employed to test the hypothesized study model. The analysis results showed that both the user perceptions and attitudes have significant positive effects on user behavioral intention to use multi-touch gestures on computer applications. Suggestions for future research and conclusions for both researchers and practitioners are offered.
The impact of institutional trading on stock prices *

This paper uses new data on the holdings of 769 tax-exempt (predominantly pension) funds. to evaluate the potential effect of their trading on stock prices. We address two aspects of trading by these money managers: herding, which refers to buying (selling) simultaneously the same stocks as other managers buy (sell), and positive-feedback trading, which refers to buying past winners and selling past losers. These two aspects of trading are commonly a part of the argument that institutions destabilize stock prices. The evidence suggests that pension managers do not strongly pursue these potentially destabilizing practices.