Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of haemoglobin and erythropoietin dose changes on mortality: a secondary analysis of results from a randomized anaemia management trial.

BACKGROUND Anaemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease. A number of studies have identified an adverse association between haemoglobin (Hgb) variability and mortality. To date, no study has evaluated the impact of Hgb variability on mortality in the setting of a uniform Hgb target and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) dosing strategy. METHODS One hundred and fifty-four haemodialysis (HD) patients from a previous randomized anaemia management study were followed up for up to 6 years. The impact of Hgb variability and ESA dosing parameters on subsequent mortality risk were evaluated. RESULTS More rapid rises in Hgb (Hgb deflect(pos)) and ESA dose increases were independently associated with mortality in multivariate analysis, whereas more rapid Hgb declines (Hgb deflect(neg)) and ESA dose decreases were not. Each gram per litre per week increase in Hgb deflect(pos) was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.23 (1.03-1.48), while for every 1000-unit increase in ESA dose, the adjusted HR was 1.12 (1.01-1.24). Factors associated with positive Hgb deflections included frequency and magnitude of ESA dose changes, baseline Hgb, patient weight and presence of an HD catheter. CONCLUSIONS Rapid Hgb rises and greater average Eprex dose increases were independently associated with a higher mortality risk in HD patients after adjustment for baseline Hgb and Eprex dose. A randomized controlled trial evaluating different ESA dosing strategies in response to individual patient ESA responsiveness is needed.
The sua8 suppressors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encode replacements of conserved residues within the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and affect transcription start site selection similarly to sua7 (TFIIB) mutations

Mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae sua8 gene were found to be suppressors of an aberrant ATG translation initiation codon in the leader region of the cyc1 gene. Analysis of cyc1 transcripts from sua8 mutants revealed that suppression is a consequence of diminished transcription initiation at the normal start sites in favor of initiation at downstream sites, including a site between the aberrant and normal ATG start codons. This effect is not cyc1 gene specific since initiation at other genes, including ADH1, CYC7, and HIS4, was similarly affected, although initiation at HIS3 and SPT15 was unaffected. The SUA8 gene was cloned and partially sequenced, revealing identity to RPB1, which encodes the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. The sua8 suppressors are the result of single amino acid replacements of highly conserved residues. Three replacements were found either within or immediately preceding homology block D, and a fourth was found adjacent to homology block H, indicating that these regions play a role in defining start sites in vivo. Nearly identical effects on start site selection were observed for sua7 suppressors, which encode altered forms of TFIIB. Synthetic lethality was associated with double sua7 sua8 suppressor mutations, and recessive sua7 mutants failed to fully complement recessive sua8 mutants in heterozygous diploids (nonallelic noncomplementation). These data indicate that the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and TFIIB are important determinants of transcription start site selection in S. cerevisiae and suggest that this function might be conferred by interaction between these two proteins.
A Test of the Simultaneous vs . Sequential Lineup Methods An Initial Report of the AJS National Eyewitness Identification Field Studies

Founded in 1913, the American Judicature Society is an independent, non-partisan, membership organization working nationally to protect the integrity of the American justice system. AJS's diverse and broadly based membership – including judges, lawyers, and members of the public – promotes fair and impartial courts through research, publications, education, and advocacy for judicial reform. The work of AJS focuses primarily on judicial ethics, judicial selection, access to justice, criminal justice reform, and the jury system. 1 The Innocence Project self-funded its participation in the Eyewitness Identification Field Studies, which included significant contributions of professional staff time, travel and OTP costs Acknowledgements The authors and Eyewitness Identification (EWID) partnership offer special thanks to the following individuals for their advice and support during the development and implementation of the AJS National Eyewitness Identification Field Studies. The authors and EWID partnership offer special thanks to the following police departments, law enforcement executives and personnel, district attorneys, and legal professionals for their participation and their commitment to ensuring that the EWID Field Studies were a success. Without their partnership and support, the Field Studies would not have been possible. The authors and EWID Partnership offer special thanks to the following individuals for their support and input on this project: Executive Summary The significant role that mistaken eyewitness identifications have played in convictions of the innocent has led to a strong interest in finding ways to reduce eyewitness identification errors. Psychological scientists have been conducting laboratory studies on this problem for over 30 years and have proposed a number of possible reforms to the procedures used in conducting lineups. Most of the proposed reforms, including the critical requirement of double-blind administration (the administrator does not know the identity of the suspect), have not been considered controversial in principle and many jurisdictions across the United States have adopted them. The use of a double-blind (DB) sequential rather than a DB simultaneous lineup procedure, however, has engendered controversy, a controversy that has unnecessarily held back the adoption of non-controversial reforms in many jurisdictions. The sequential lineup shows lineup members to the witness one at a time and asks the witness to make a decision on each one before showing the next one, whereas the traditional simultaneous lineup shows the witness all lineup members at once. Controlled laboratory experiments consistently show that the DB sequential procedure results in a substantial reduction of mistaken identifications and a much smaller …
Requirement for CB1 but not GABAB receptors in the cholecystokinin mediated inhibition of GABA release from cholecystokinin expressing basket cells

Non technical summary Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a widely expressed neuropeptide known to play key roles in both normal behaviour and pathophysiological conditions. Previous reports suggested that CCK serves as a unique molecular switch that differentially regulates the output of distinct types of inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus. The current study focused on the underlying mechanisms of the CCK actions on hippocampal interneurons, and the results show that CCK modulates transmitter release from a major class of interneurons through cannabinoid type‐1 receptor signalling mechanisms. Taken together, the present data will help us better understand how CCK modulates neuronal circuits in the brain.
Introducing Göbekli Tepe to Psychology

Göbekli Tepe is the name of a remarkable archaeological site that challenges long held assumptions about the Neolithic Revolution, that is, our first transition from hunters and gatherers into settled farmers. Instead of permanent settlements and agriculture being prerequisite for religion, social specialization, and writing, evidence from Göbekli Tepe suggests that may be backward, and that such psychological changes are what afforded sedentism and agriculture. Three aspects of the site—who built it, its use as a “temple,” and evidence of the earliest known proto-writings—are discussed to illustrate Göbekli Tepe's relevance to psychology. In turn, the social psychological phenomenon of storytelling is used to illustrate psychology's potential relevance to cognitive archeology.
Doxycycline Regulated Induction of AKT in Murine Prostate Drives Proliferation Independently of p27 Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Downregulation

The PI3 kinase/AKT pathway has been shown to increase degradation of the p27 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor through phosphorylation of consensus AKT sites on p27 and SKP2, and AKT driven proliferation may be checked by feedback mechanisms that increase p27 expression and induce senescence. However, these AKT sites are not conserved in mouse, and it has not been clear whether AKT negatively regulates murine p27. Transgenic mice with a probasin promoter controlled prostate specific reverse tetracycline transactivator (ARR2Pb-rtTA) were generated and used to achieve doxycycline inducible expression of a tetracycline operon regulated constitutively active myristoylated AKT1 transgene (tetO-myrAKT). Doxycycline induction of myrAKT occurred within 1 day and rapidly induced proliferation (within 4 days) and the development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions in ventral prostate, which did not progress to prostate cancer. Cells in these lesions expressed high levels of p27, had increased proliferation, and there was apoptosis of centrally located cells. Doxycycline withdrawal resulted in apoptosis of cells throughout the lesions and rapid clearing of hyperplastic glands, confirming in vivo the critical antiapoptotic functions of AKT. Significantly, analyses of prostates immediately after initiating doxycycline treatment further showed that p27 expression was rapidly increased, coincident with the induction of myrAKT and prior to the development of hyperplasia and PIN. These findings establish in vivo that murine p27 is not negatively regulated by AKT and indicate that proliferation in PI3 kinase/AKT pathway driven mouse models is mediated by p27 independent mechanisms that may be distinct from those in human. Further studies using prostate specific doxycycline regulated transgene expression may be useful to assess the acute effects of inducing additional transgenes in adult murine prostate epithelium, and to assess the requirements for continued transgene expression in transgene induced tumors.
Are Pregnant Women with Chronic Helminth Infections More Susceptible to Congenital Infections?

Pregnancy is a unique immunological sta-tus with different hormonal and immuno-logical alterations. Pregnancy hormones(including progesterone, glucocorticoids,estradiol, and estriol) increase over thecourse of pregnancy and signiﬁcantlymodulate the immunological shift thatoccurs over the three trimesters of preg-nancy (1). In contrast, helminth infec-tions are the most common infectiousdiseases in developing countries. Soil-transmitted helminths (ascariasis,trichuri-asis, and hookworm), schistosomiasis, andlymphatic ﬁlariasis are the most commonhelminthiasis. Most helminth infectionshave minor clinical symptoms; thus, theinfection is left untreated and may remainchronic for multiple years (2). It is well-documented that a woman’simmune response during pregnancy andchronic helminth infections shift towardType 2 immunity and anti-inﬂammatorycytokines (1, 3–6). During pregnancy, theactivities of CD4CT cells into helper T celltype 2 (Th2) and their anti-inﬂammatorycytokines [including interleukin-4 (IL-4),IL-5, and IL-10] increase. Inversely, theactivitiesof T-helper1(Th1)cellsandtheirinﬂammatory cytokines [as well as inﬂam-matory macrophages and natural killer(NK) cells] decrease (1). These immuno-logical shifts away from inﬂammatoryresponses are necessary for a successfulpregnancy (1, 3). For example, activat-ing cytotoxic cells (including NK or Tcells and inﬂammatory cytokines such asIFN-g and TNF-a) can damage the pla-centaandfetus(3). Moreover,theelevationof anti-inﬂammatory factors like IL-10 canprevent spontaneous abortions in murinemodels (7). Similar to immune response duringpregnancy, the immune response dur-ing a helminth infection shifts towardTh2 and anti-inﬂammatory status. Duringchronic helminth infections, the increasedactivation and expansion of CD4C Th2cells (including eosinophils, mast cells,basophils, and the antibody isotypes IgG1,IgG4, and IgE) occur. Moreover, produc-tion of the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9,IL-10, IL-13, and IL-21 and transform-ing growth factor-b (TGF-b) increases (4,5). On the other hand, several studies inmurine models reveal that helminth infec-tions manipulate host hormones for itsown beneﬁt [reviewed in Ref. (8)]. Inthe case of
Examining the short-term effects of video exposure on children's attention and other cognitive processes

The literature suggests that fast editing pace (usually operationalised with a number of cuts and scene changes; McCollum & Bryant, 2003), which is typical of much of children’s programming, may have detrimental developmental consequences. Previous studies that examined the effects of fast pace on children’s attention and cognition produced inconclusive findings. The major weakness of this research was using programmes that varied in both pace and content. Thus, this thesis focused on examining the effects of the differential editing (fast vs. slow) using specially produced videos, which allowed manipulating the pace while maintaining strict content control. Experiments 1-4 investigated the short-term effects of differentially paced videos on children’s attention. In these experiments, attention was either measured indirectly, through an observation of play (Experiment 1) or directly with a continuous performance task (Experiments 2-4). To address the recent proposals about the potential detrimental role of pace and content on children’s executive function (Lillard, Drell, Richey, Boguszewski, & Smith, 2015; Lillard & Peterson, 2011), Experiments 3 and 4 included the assessment of the inhibitory control component of executive function. Additionally, Experiments 2 and 5 employed psychophysiological methods (i.e., electroencephalography and cardiovascular measures) to investigate the effects of pace and content on internal attentional and inhibitory processing. Finally, a questionnaire study measured children’s current media preferences and use and investigated parental supervision methods and media beliefs. Results indicated that watching fast-paced videos resulted in more unsettled behaviour during play and less thoughtful responding on the formal laboratory tests of attention. Moreover, the pace of video editing affected neural processes that underpin inhibition. Finally, watching the videos containing elements of fantasy improved children’s inhibitory control. By identifying harmful features, as well as the potential benefits of watching videos, this new evidence contributes to a better understanding of how to optimise children’s media use.
N-Glycans from Porcine Trachea and Lung: Predominant NeuAcα2-6Gal Could Be a Selective Pressure for Influenza Variants in Favor of Human-Type Receptor

It is known that pigs acted as “mixing vessels” for genesis of a new reassortant influenza strain responsible for pandemic H1N1 2009. However, the host factors driving the evolution of a reassorted virus in pigs to ‘jump species’ resulting in a human outbreak remain unclear. N-glycans derived from the porcine respiratory tract were enzymatically released, fluorescent labeled with 2-aminopyridine, separated according to charge, size and hydrophobicity, and structurally identified by a two-dimensional (size and hydrophobicity) HPLC mapping technique and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry before and after exo-glycosidase digestion. We found a 3-, 5-, and 13-fold increases in NeuAcα2-6, a preferable human influenza receptor, over NeuAcα2-3, an avian influenza receptor, from upper and lower parts of the porcine trachea towards the porcine lung, a major target organ for swine virus replication. The large proportion of NeuAcα2-6 may exert selective pressure for selection of influenza variants with altered receptor preference for this human-type α2-6 receptor, a crucial first step for generating a human pandemic.
Inferring Rejection by Default Rules of Inference

This paper discusses the processes by which conversants in a dialogue can infer whether their assertions and proposals have been rejected by their conversational partners. It expands on previous work by showing that logical consistency is a necessary indicator of acceptance, but that it is not sufficient, and that logical inconsistency is sufficient as an indicator of rejection, but it is not necessary. I show how conversants can use information structure and prosody as well as logical reasoning in distinguishing between acceptances and logically consistent rejections, and relate this work to previous work on implicature and default reasoning by introducing three new classes of rejection: IMPLICATURE REJECTIONS, EPISTEMIC REJECTIONS and DELIBERATION REJECTIONS. I show how these rejections are inferred as a result of default inferences, which, by other analyses, would have been blocked by the context. In order to account for these facts, I proposed a model of the common ground that allows these default inferences to go through, and show how the model, originally proposed to account for the various forms of acceptance, can also model all types of rejection.
Factors That Influence Employment After Spinal Cord Injury in South Korea

Objective To investigate employment status after spinal cord injury (SCI) and identify personal, family, and injury characteristics those affect their employment in South Korea. Methods Participants were 334 community-dwelling persons 20-64 years of age who had sustained SCI for more than one year. Investigators visited each participant's home to carry out the survey. Bivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify personal, family, and injury characteristics that influenced employment after SCI. Results Employment rate decreased significantly from 82.5% to 27.5% after SCI. Logistic regression showed that the probability of employment was higher in men than women, and in individuals older than 45 years at the time of injury than those aged 31-45 years of age. Moreover, employment was higher in individuals injured for longer than 20 years than those injured for 1-5 years and in individuals with incomplete tetraplegia than those with complete paraplegia. Employment was lower in individuals with SCI caused by industrial accidents than those injured in non-industrial accidents. Conclusion Injury characteristics are the most important predictors of employment in persons with SCI. For persons with lower employment rate, individualized vocational rehabilitation and employment-support systems are required.
Multiple Small-Scale Floods in Unstructured P2P Systems

Gnutella-like unstructured systems usually use flooding with a high number of TTL hops to probe as many peers as possible within a short period of time. However, this mechanism is very inefficient because it handles all queries identically no matter how popular the querying objects are, hence results in a great amount of unnecessary messages. Aiming at improving search efficiency, we propose MSSF, an efficient search mechanism using multiple small-scale floods with different flood sources for each query. Based on MSSF mechanism, three policies are introduced in determining the order of floods initiated: sync, sequence and parallel. The sync policy tries to effect the response time for a query, the sequence policy is designed to minimize the number of messages by seeking to probe the minimum number of peers necessary to obtain the desired number of results, and the parallel policy considers a trade-off between response time and query traffic
SIGNATURES OF STEADY HEATING IN TIME LAG ANALYSIS OF CORONAL EMISSION

Among the multitude of methods used to investigate coronal heating, the time lag method of Viall & Klimchuk is becoming increasingly prevalent as an analysis technique that is complementary to those that are traditionally used. The time lag method cross correlates light curves at a given spatial location obtained in spectral bands that sample different temperature plasmas. It has been used most extensively with data from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We have previously applied the time lag method to entire active regions and surrounding the quiet Sun and created maps of the results. We find that the majority of time lags are consistent with the cooling of coronal plasma that has been impulsively heated. Additionally, a significant fraction of the map area has a time lag of zero. This does not indicate a lack of variability. Rather, strong variability must be present, and it must occur in phase between the different channels. We have previously shown that these zero time lags are consistent with the transition region response to coronal nanoflares, although other explanations are possible. A common misconception is that the zero time lag indicates steady emission resulting from steady heating. Using simulated and observed light curves, we demonstrate here that highly correlated light curves at zero time lag are not compatible with equilibrium solutions. Such light curves can only be created by evolution.
Identification of Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) as the endoribonuclease that cleaves c-myc mRNA

Endonucleolytic cleavage of the coding region determinant (CRD) of c-myc mRNA appears to play a critical role in regulating c-myc mRNA turnover. Using 32P-labeled c-myc CRD RNA as substrate, we have purified and identified two endoribonucleases from rat liver polysomes that are capable of cleaving the transcript in vitro. A 17-kDa enzyme was identified as RNase1. Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) DNA endonuclease 1 (APE1) was identified as the 35-kDa endoribonuclease that preferentially cleaves in between UA and CA dinucleotides of c-myc CRD RNA. APE1 was further confirmed to be the 35-kDa endoribonuclease because: (i) the endoribonuclease activity of the purified 35-kDa native enzyme was specifically immuno-depleted with APE1 monoclonal antibody, and (ii) recombinant human APE1 generated identical RNA cleavage patterns as the native liver enzyme. Studies using E96A and H309N mutants of APE1 suggest that the endoribonuclease activity for c-myc CRD RNA shares the same active center with the AP-DNA endonuclease activity. Transient knockdown of APE1 in HeLa cells led to increased steady-state level of c-myc mRNA and its half-life. We conclude that the ability to cleave RNA dinucleotides is a previously unidentified function of APE1 and it can regulate c-myc mRNA level possibly via its endoribonuclease activity.
Cytolysis of human dendritic cells by autologous lymphokine‐activated killer cells: participation of both T cells and NK cells in the killing

Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in the initiation of immune response by stimulating the naive T cells. The fate of DC after the initiation of immune response is not clearly understood. Although there are few reports implicating natural killer (NK) cells in the elimination of DC, killing of DC by LAK cells, and specifically by T cells, has not been studied. In this study, we observed that DC, generated from monocytes, in vitro in the presence of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), and tumor necrosis factor α were susceptible to cytolysis by lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cells induced in the presence of IL‐2 and IL‐15 but not IL‐12 alone. However, LAK cells induced by a combination of IL‐12 and suboptimal dose of IL‐2 were cytotoxic to DC. When purified lymphocytes were activated with IL‐2, the CD8+/CD57− fraction (T‐LAK), but not the CD8−/CD57+ fraction (NK‐LAK) was cytotoxic to autologous DC. However, when unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to generate LAK cells, both T‐LAK and NK‐LAK fractions showed equal cytotoxicity against autologous DC. Monoclonal antibodies against CD54, CD11a, and CD18 significantly inhibited the cytolysis, indicating that the killing involves the engagement of CD54 with its ligands. J. Leukoc. Biol. 65: 764–770; 1999.