Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorders are not rare; many primary care pediatricians care for several children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatricians play an important role in early recognition of autism spectrum disorders, because they usually are the first point of contact for parents. Parents are now much more aware of the early signs of autism spectrum disorders because of frequent coverage in the media; if their child demonstrates any of the published signs, they will most likely raise their concerns to their child's pediatrician. It is important that pediatricians be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders and have a strategy for assessing them systematically. Pediatricians also must be aware of local resources that can assist in making a definitive diagnosis of, and in managing, autism spectrum disorders. The pediatrician must be familiar with developmental, educational, and community resources as well as medical subspecialty clinics. This clinical report is 1 of 2 documents that replace the original American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement and technical report published in 2001. This report addresses background information, including definition, history, epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, early signs, neuropathologic aspects, and etiologic possibilities in autism spectrum disorders. In addition, this report provides an algorithm to help the pediatrician develop a strategy for early identification of children with autism spectrum disorders. The accompanying clinical report addresses the management of children with autism spectrum disorders and follows this report on page 1162 [available at www.pediatrics. org/cgi/content/full/120/5/1162]. Both clinical reports are complemented by the toolkit titled “Autism: Caring for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Resource Toolkit for Clinicians,” which contains screening and surveillance tools, practical forms, tables, and parent handouts to assist the pediatrician in the identification, evaluation, and management of autism spectrum disorders in children.
Visible Light Communication, Networking, and Sensing: A Survey, Potential and Challenges

The solid-state lighting is revolutionizing the indoor illumination. Current incandescent and fluorescent lamps are being replaced by the LEDs at a rapid pace. Apart from extremely high energy efficiency, the LEDs have other advantages such as longer lifespan, lower heat generation, and improved color rendering without using harmful chemicals. One additional benefit of LEDs is that they are capable of switching to different light intensity at a very fast rate. This functionality has given rise to a novel communication technology (known as visible light communication-VLC) where LED luminaires can be used for high speed data transfer. This survey provides a technology overview and review of existing literature of visible light communication and sensing. This paper provides a detailed survey of 1) visible light communication system and characteristics of its various components such as transmitter and receiver; 2) physical layer properties of visible light communication channel, modulation methods, and MIMO techniques; 3) medium access techniques; 4) system design and programmable platforms; and 5) visible light sensing and application such as indoor localization, gesture recognition, screen-camera communication, and vehicular networking. We also outline important challenges that need to be addressed in order to design high-speed mobile networks using visible light communication.
in Arabidopsis

Summary: The Arabidopsis receptor-like kinase IOS1 negatively regulates abscisic acid 20 hormone signaling and promotes infection by ABSTRACT In plants, membrane-bound receptor kinases are essential for developmental processes, 2 immune responses to pathogens and the establishment of symbiosis. We previously 3 identified the Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) receptor kinase IMPAIRED OOMYCETE 4 SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (IOS1) as required for successful infection with the downy mildew 5 pathogen, Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis . We report here that IOS1 is also required for 6 full susceptibility of Arabidopsis to unrelated (hemi-)biotrophic filamentous oomycete and 7 fungal pathogens. Impaired susceptibility in the absence of IOS1 appeared to be 8 independent of plant defense mechanism. Instead, we found that ios1-1 plants were 9 hypersensitive to the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA), displaying enhanced ABA- 10 mediated inhibition of seed germination, root elongation, and stomatal opening. These 11 findings suggest that IOS1 negatively regulates ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. The 12 expression of ABA-sensitive COR and RD genes was diminished in Arabidopsis during 13 infection. This effect on ABA signaling was alleviated in the ios1-1 mutant background. 14 Accordingly, ABA-insensitive and ABA-hypersensitive mutants were more susceptible 15 and resistant to oomycete infection, respectively, showing that the intensity of ABA 16 signaling affects the outcome of downy mildew disease. Taken together, our findings 17 suggest that filamentous (hemi-)biotrophs attenuate ABA signaling in Arabidopsis during 18 the infection process, and that IOS1 participates in this pathogen-mediated 19 reprogramming of the host. 20
Dietary Guideline Adherence Index and Kidney Measures in the Framingham Heart Study.

BACKGROUND No observational studies have directly considered dietary guidelines when examining the prospective association between dietary intake and kidney measures. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS We examined participants who attended examinations 7 (1998-2001) and 8 (2005-2008) in the Framingham Offspring Cohort. PREDICTORS Individual components of Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI) that reflect adherence to key dietary recommendations based on the 2005 guideline. OUTCOMES & MEASURES The primary outcome was incident low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at follow-up after exclusion of prevalent low eGFR at baseline. Low eGFR was defined as serum creatinine-based eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m2. RESULTS Among 1,822 participants (mean age, 59.4 years; 54.6% women), 181 incident cases of low eGFR were identified. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to optimal adherence to meat and legume recommendations, low adherence was associated with higher odds of incident low eGFR (P for trend = 0.01); ORs in the lowest and intermediate adherence categories were 2.98 (95% CI, 1.13-7.92) and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.02-2.66), respectively. Low adherence to dairy product recommendations was also associated with higher odds of incident low eGFR compared to optimal adherence (P for trend = 0.03); ORs in the lowest and intermediate adherence categories were 1.98 (95% CI, 1.03-3.82) and 1.59 (95% CI, 0.81-3.11), respectively. In addition, low adherence to meat and legume recommendations was associated with rapid eGFR decline (P for trend = 0.01), and low adherence to dairy product recommendations was associated with rapid eGFR decline (P for trend = 0.01) and incident albuminuria (P for trend = 0.03). LIMITATIONS The DGAI was developed based on the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. CONCLUSIONS Better adherence to dietary recommendations for both meat and legumes and dairy products was associated with lower risk for developing adverse kidney measures.
Evaluation of an eHealth Intervention in Chronic Care for Frail Older People: Why Adherence is the First Target

Background Older people suffering from frailty often receive fragmented chronic care from multiple professionals. According to the literature, there is an urgent need for coordination of care. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an online health community (OHC) intervention for older people with frailty aimed at facilitating multidisciplinary communication. Methods The design was a controlled before-after study with 12 months follow-up in 11 family practices in the eastern part of the Netherlands. Participants consisted of frail older people living in the community requiring multidisciplinary (long-term) care. The intervention used was the health and welfare portal (ZWIP): an OHC for frail elderly patients, their informal caregivers and professionals. ZWIP contains a secure messaging system supplemented by a shared electronic health record. Primary outcomes were scores on the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale (IADL), mental health, and social activity limitations. Results There were 290 patients in the intervention group and 392 in the control group. Of these, 76/290 (26.2%) in the intervention group actively used ZWIP. After 12 months follow-up, we observed no significant improvement on primary patient outcomes. ADL improved in the intervention group with a standardized score of 0.21 (P=.27); IADL improved with 0.50 points, P=. 64. Conclusions Only a small percentage of frail elderly people in the study intensively used ZWIP, our newly developed and innovative eHealth tool. The use of this OHC did not significantly improve patient outcomes. This was most likely due to the limited use of the OHC, and a relatively short follow-up time. Increasing actual use of eHealth intervention seems a precondition for large-scale evaluation, and earlier adoption before frailty develops may improve later use and effectiveness of ZWIP.
A Query by Example Music Retrieval Algorithm

This paper deals with the problem of Query by Example Music Retrieval (QEMR). Retrieving music pieces that are "similar" to a musical query is crucial when exploring very big music databases. The term "similarity" in this paper is equivalent, for instance, to the rules permitting a human subject to build a list of songs to listen to. While the Query by Example Image Retrieval is becoming a mature domain, the QEMR is still in his infancy. This paper proposes a set of similarity measures aiming at expressing aspects of music similarity. The similarity is based on the distance between statistical distributions of the audio spectrum and it can be applied to the raw audio data with no format restriction. A QEMR algorithm relying on the presented similarity measures is evaluated on a dataset containing more than 4000 music pieces om seven musical genres. The results are encouraging both for subjective and non-subjece judgments
Spatio-temporal Semantic Features for Human Action Recognition

In this paper, we propose aggregate signcryption for achieving data security in UWSNs. The main challenge of these networks established in sensitive environments is offline sink visiting. Moreover, the sensors must retain collected data for long enough time to offload them onto the itinerant sink. Thus, the unattended nature of data collection intervals might offer the adversary the opportunity to apply various attacks without detection. In this paper, employing low order operations (in time and space), we propose a new secure scheme in which various security goals such as confidentiality (through encrypting), authentication and integrity (through signing) are achieved. In addition, the aggregation process of our scheme reduces the space and communication overheads both for sensors and sink, i.e. the proposed technique efficiently enables the sensors and sink to protect, verify and recover all the related data. We further compare our scheme with the best alternative work in the literature.
Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Glycoprotein E2 Glycans Modulate Entry, CD81 Binding, and Neutralization

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major human pathogen that causes serious liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The primary target cells of HCV are hepatocytes, and entry is restricted by interactions of the envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2, with cellular receptors. E1 and E2 form noncovalently linked heterodimers and are heavily glycosylated. Glycans contribute to protein folding and transport as well as protein function. In addition, glycans associated with viral envelopes mask important functional domains from the immune system and attenuate viral immunogenicity. Here, we explored the role of N- and O-linked glycans on E2, which is the receptor binding subunit of the HCV envelope. We identified a number of glycans that are critical for viral entry. Importantly, we showed that the removal of several glycans significantly increased the inhibition of entry by sera from HCV-positive individuals. Only some of the glycans that affected entry and neutralization were also important for CD81 binding. Our results show that HCV envelope-associated glycans play a crucial role in masking functionally important regions of E2 and suggest a new strategy for eliciting highly neutralizing antibodies against this virus.
Ephrin‐A4 inhibits sensory neurite outgrowth and is regulated by neonatal skin wounding

The mechanisms for directing and organising sensory axons within developing skin remain largely unknown. The present study provides the first evidence that signalling occurs between A‐ephrins and Eph‐A receptors during the development of rat cutaneous sensory innervation both during normal development and following skin injury. Specifically, our data indicate that ephrin‐A4 mRNA and protein are expressed in the epidermis during late embryogenesis and the early postnatal period (E16–P3), and expression is significantly down‐regulated postnatally. In addition, Eph‐A receptors are expressed on dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells at birth. The pattern of ephrin‐A4 expression is mirrored by epidermal innervation, so that sensory terminals are restricted to epidermal regions devoid of ephrin‐A4 but increase as ephrin‐A4 expression subsides postnatally. Neonatal skin wounding causes sensory hyperinnervation and a differential screen of wounded vs. nonwounded skin revealed down‐regulation of epidermal ephrin‐A4 following neonatal skin wounding. Expression studies showed that this down‐regulation is below the wound and coincides exactly with the onset of hyperinnervation. In vitro experiments show a function for ephrin‐A4‐Fc in inhibiting rat DRG neuronal growth and guidance when presented as either substratum‐bound stripes of ephrin‐A4‐Fc or as soluble clustered proteins. In conclusion, these observations suggest that the Eph family ligand ephrin‐A4 has an inhibitory influence on neonatal cutaneous nerve terminals from DRG sensory neurons in the hindlimb, and may serve to prevent inappropriate innervation of cutaneous regions. In addition, the absence of ephrin‐A4 following neonatal skin wounding may play a critical permissive role in the sprouting response.
Progression of meiotic recombination requires structural maturation of the central element of the synaptonemal complex

The synaptonemal complex is an elaborate meiosis-specific supramolecular protein assembly that promotes chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination. We inactivated the meiosis-specific gene Tex12 and found that TEX12 is essential for progression of meiosis in both male and female germ cells. Structural analysis of the synaptonemal complex in Tex12–/– meiocytes revealed a disrupted central element structure, a dense structure residing between the synapsed homologous chromosomes. Chromosome synapsis is initiated at multiple positions along the paired homologous chromosomes in Tex12–/– meiotic cells, but fails to propagate along the chromosomes. Furthermore, although meiotic recombination is initiated in Tex12–/– meiotic cells, these early recombination events do not develop into meiotic crossovers. Hence, the mere initiation of synapsis is not sufficient to support meiotic crossing-over. Our results show that TEX12 is a component of the central element structure of the synaptonemal complex required for propagation of synapsis along the paired homologous chromosomes and maturation of early recombination events into crossovers.
Identification of Circulating Human Antigen-Reactive CD4+FOXP3+ Natural Regulatory T Cells

Circulating human CD4+CD25++CD127−FOXP3+ T cells with a persistent demethylated regulatory T cell (Treg)-specific demethylated region Foxp3 gene are considered natural Tregs (nTregs). We have shown that it is possible to identify functional Ag-reactive nTregs cells for a range of different common viral and vaccination Ags. The frequency of these Ag-reactive nTregs within the nTreg population is strikingly similar to the frequency of Ag-reactive T effector cells within the CD4+ T cell population. The Ag-reactive nTregs could be recognized with great specificity by induction of CD154 expression. These CD154+ Ag-reactive nTregs showed a memory phenotype and shared all phenotypical and functional characteristics of nTregs. The isolated CD154+ nTregs could be most efficiently expanded by specific antigenic stimulation, while their Ag-reactive suppressive activity was maintained. After an in vivo booster Ag challenge, the ratio of Ag-reactive T cells to Ag-reactive Tregs increased substantially, which could be attributed to the rise in effector T cells but not Tregs. In conclusion, the nTreg population mirrors the effector T cell population in the frequency of Ag-reactive T cells. Isolation and expansion of functional Ag-reactive nTregs is possible and of potential benefit for specific therapeutic goals.
Evaluation of LH secretory dynamics during the rat proestrous LH surge.

The preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge results from the integration of complex interactions among gonadal steroids and hypothalamic and pituitary hormones. To evaluate changes in LH secretory dynamics that occur during the rat LH surge, we have 1) obtained frequently sampled serum LH concentration time series, 2) used both waveform-dependent and waveform-independent convolution analyses, and 3) independently assessed proestrous LH half-life and basal non-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-dependent LH secretion during the LH surge. Waveform-independent pulse analysis revealed a 24-fold increase in the maximal pulsatile LH secretory rate attained during late proestrus compared with early proestrus. A 15-fold increase was quantified for the mean LH secretory rate. In complementary analyses, we applied a measured LH half-life of 17 ± 2.7 min and a median basal LH secretion rate of 0.0046 μg ⋅ l-1 ⋅ min-1 for convolution analysis, revealing a 16-fold increase in the mass of LH released/burst and more than sixfold rise in the amplitude of the secretory peaks. Evaluation of the approximate entropy of the LH surge profiles was performed, showing an increase in the orderliness of the LH release process during the surge. We conclude that both quantitative (mass/burst) and qualitative (approximate entropy) features of LH release are regulated during the proestrous LH surge.
Learning Procedures for Autonomic Computing

Today’s skilled IT professionals bring to bear an enormous amount of knowledge about how systems are configured, how they function on a day-to-day basis, and how to repair them when they break. However, there are not enough skilled IT professionals to meet the ever-growing demand. Autonomic computing offers a way out of this dilemma: offload the responsibility of managing complex systems onto the systems themselves, rather than relying on limited human resources. This problem raises a large challenge: how will we transfer the knowledge about systems management and configuration from the human experts to the software managing the systems? We believe this problem is fundamentally a knowledge acquisition problem. Our approach to solving this problem draws on machine learning and knowledge representation. Our core idea is based on programming by demonstration: by observing several human experts each solve a similar problem on different systems, we generalize from traces of their activity to create a robust procedure that is capable of automatically performing the same task in future instances. What will make it work is the observation that solutions to similar problems share similar sub-procedures. By capturing these nuggets of problem-solving knowledge from multiple experts, we form a robust procedure that captures the important parts of the procedures executed by all of the experts. We are currently employing this approach to acquire deskside technical support procedures, such as upgrading a network card, troubleshooting email problems, and installing a new printer. Our system captures traces of multiple desk-side support representatives as they perform one task, such as diagnosing a dysfunctional network adapter, under a variety of operational conditions. From these traces, our system generalizes and aligns the traces into a single general procedure for repairing network adapters. An important feature of our approach is that it works across applications, by instrumenting at the Windows operating system level. This paper describes our formulation of this problem as a machine learning problem. First we the problem and describes how various problem characteristics affect the difficulty of the learning problem. We then outline the subproblems we have identified, and describe our approach to each one. Finally, we conclude with a summary of current results and directions for future work. 2 Procedural knowledge acquisition
Approachability, fast and slow

Approachability has become a central tool in the analysis of repeated games and online learning. A player plays a repeated vector-valued game against Nature and her objective is to have her long-term average reward inside some target set. The celebrated results of Blackwell provide a 1= p n convergence rate of the expected point-to-set distance if this is achievable, i.e., if the set is approachable. In this paper we provide a characterization for the convergence rates of approachability and show that in some cases a set can be approached with a 1=n rate. Our characterization is solely based on a combination of geometric properties of the set with properties of the repeated game, and not on additional restrictive assumptions on Nature’s behavior.
Computational electromagnetics: the physics of smooth versus oscillatory fields

This paper starts by discussing the difference in the physics between solutions to Laplace's equation (static) and Maxwell's equations for dynamic problems (Helmholtz equation). Their differing physical characters are illustrated by how the two fields convey information away from their source point. The paper elucidates the fact that their differing physical characters affect the use of Laplacian field and Helmholtz field in imaging. They also affect the design of fast computational algorithms for electromagnetic scattering problems. Specifically, a comparison is made between fast algorithms developed using wavelets, the simple fast multipole method, and the multi–level fast multipole algorithm for electrodynamics. The impact of the physical characters of the dynamic field on the parallelization of the multi–level fast multipole algorithm is also discussed. The relationship of diagonalization of translators to group theory is presented. Finally, future areas of research for computational electromagnetics are described.
Gendered Literacy

Differs with those who respond to boys lagging behind girls in literacy by making more space in literacy curricula for reading and writing practices favored by boys. Looks at patterns of gender differentiation. Argues that, since reading gives access to other, wider ways of being, educators need curricula and assessment procedures that enable all children to achieve optimally.