Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Actinomycin D Versus Methotrexate-Folinic Acid as the Treatment of Stage I, Low-Risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This study is to compare the remission and complication rates of actinomycin D (Act-D) and methotrexate-folinic acid (MTX-FA) as single-agent treatments of stage I, low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). From 1994 to 2005, all women with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I, low-risk GTN were randomly assigned to received either intravenous Act-D 10 &mgr;g/kg per day for 5 days every 2 weeks or intramuscular methotrexate 1 mg/kg per day on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 with intramuscular folinic acid 0.1 mg/kg per day on days 2, 4, 6, and 8 every 2 weeks. Forty-nine women met the eligibility criteria. Age, human chorionic gonadotropin level, and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics score were similar in both treatment groups. Of the 22 women who received Act-D, 2 were lost to follow-up. Among the 27 women who received MTX-FA, 2 were lost to follow-up, and 6 had to switch to Act-D because of the rising levels of liver enzymes. All 20 women (100%) in the Act-D arm achieved remission compared with 14 (73.6%) in 19 women in the MTX-FA arm (P = 0.02). Mucositis and alopecia were reported more frequently in the Act-D group, whereas elevations of liver enzyme levels were more frequent in the MTX-FA group. Actinomycin D seems to be more effective than MTX-FA in the treatment of stage I, low-risk GTN. Larger multicenter randomized controlled trials should be conducted to establish the most appropriate regimen for these patients.
Supporting and Inhibiting Factors of Outdoor STEAM Learning in Early Childhood Education

Research shows that it’s important for kids to get out and play. By combining outdoor learning and STEAM, it will provide a new perspective on the lesson theme and can connect school content with the real-world problems. However, some things support and hinder outdoor STEAM learning in early childhood education. This study aims to determine the supporting and inhibiting factors of STEAM outdoor learning in early childhood education. The subjects of this research were 34 early childhood education schools in Central Java. This research data is qualitative, collected through observation, documentation, and interviews techniques. The observation technique was used to make direct observations in the field and documented them in the form of videos and photos. Research data management was carried out using the QSR NVivo software. The data analysis technique used was the qualitative data analysis technique from Miles and Huberman which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Testing the validity of the data in this research used source triangulation techniques through the cluster analysis and comparison diagram features in the QSR NVivo software. Based on the coding result of the research data using the help of NVivo QSR software, it is known that the biggest supporting factors of outdoor STEAM learning in early childhood education are environment, media, teachers, and infrastructure, while other supporting factors are area, cost, weather, new ideas, new experiences, and situations. The biggest inhibiting factors of outdoor STEAM learning in early childhood education are adaptability, security, and infrastructure, while other inhibiting factors areweather, support; environment, pollution, and situation. The results of this study can be used as a guideline for outdoor STEAM learning in early childhood education and make the inhibiting factors a challenge for teachers to facilitate outdoor learning as a form of maximizing the use of the environment as a learning resource in early childhood education. Keywords: STEAM, outdoor learning, early childhood education
Incidence and Etiology of Neonatal Septicaemia and Meningitis in Western Sweden 1975‐1986

ABSTRACT. In a retrospective study of neonatal septicaemia and meningitis in a defined region of western Sweden 1975‐1986, 231 cases were identified. The incidence was 2.8/1000 live births. The case‐fatality rate was 15%. Thirty‐three patients had meningitis. Only 55 patients (24 %) had no known risk factors. Preterm delivery was a most important risk factor for both morbidity and mortality. The most common causative organisms were group B streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus and aerobic Gramnegative rods, together isolated from 82 % of the patients. The cases were approximately equally divided between very early, early and late onset infections. Group B streptococci were over‐represented in very early onset infections in all birthweight groups and aerobic Gram‐negative rods were the most common isolates from low birthweight infants with late onset infections. However, group B streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative rods were found in all birthweight and gestational age groups. Thus, initial antimicrobial therapy must be equally broad in all neonates with suspected septicaemia.
Plasma levels of endothelin-1 in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of circulating endothelin-1, a vasoconstrictor and mitogenic peptide, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. PATIENTS We investigated plasma endothelin-1 levels in 29 patients with Crohn's disease, 13 with ulcerative colitis and 26 healthy subjects as controls. METHODS Erythrocyte sedimentation and C-reactive protein were also measured in all patients. Plasma endothelin-1 was measured by specific radioimmunoassay and expressed as pg/ml. RESULTS Both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients showed a significant increase in plasma endothelin-1 concentration (22.3 +/- 8.2 pg/ml and 11.2 +/- 2.7 pg/ml, respectively) when compared to healthy subjects (6.2 +/- 1.5 pg/ml). Moreover, plasma endothelin-1 levels were significantly higher in Crohn's disease patients than those in ulcerative colitis patients (22.3 +/- 8.2 pg/ml vs 11.2 +/- 2.7 pg/ml; p < 0.001, respectively). A weak correlation (r = 0.645; p < 0.013) between erythrocyte sedimentation and endothelin-1 levels was observed in Crohn's disease patients. Age, sex, clinical activity of the disease, duration of history, anatomical localization of disease and therapy had no influence on plasma endothelin-1 levels. CONCLUSION Our results show that plasma endothelin-1 levels increase in chronic inflammatory bowel disease and mainly in Crohn's disease. This observation leads us on to believe that endothelin-1 has a important role in inflammatory bowel disease.
Proteomics of loosely bound cell wall proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension cultures: A critical analysis

The complete sequencing of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome allows the use of the recently developed mass spectrometry techniques to identify the cell wall proteins (CWPs). Most proteomic approaches depend on the quality of sample preparation. Extraction of CWPs is particularly complex since the proteins may be free in the apoplast or are embedded in a polysaccharide matrix where they are retained by Van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic or ionic interactions, or cross‐linked by covalent bonds. Specific and sequential extraction procedures thus need to be developed. We report on the sequential extraction of loosely bound CWPs from living A. thaliana cells in culture. Different salts and chelating agents were used for releasing the proteins from the wall. Their effects on the extraction of CWPs and on the integrity of the plasma membrane were evaluated. Bioinformatic software was used to identify proteins and to predict their sub‐cellular localization. The obtained data show that the plasma membrane of cells in culture was easily damaged by some steps of the extraction procedure, leading to the release of increasing amounts of intracellular proteins. Nevertheless, we identified fifty CWPs among which thirteen were new proteins for the cell wall. In addition, 76% of these CWPs were basic proteins not resolved in two‐dimensional (2‐D) gel electrophoresis. The existence of two hypothetical proteins was confirmed. The structure of three proteins could be confirmed using mass spectrometry data.
Red meat, chicken, and fish consumption and risk of colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND Red meat and processed meat consumption have been associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer in some, but not all, relevant cohort studies. Evidence on the relationship between risk of colorectal cancer and poultry and fish consumption is inconsistent. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 37,112 residents of Melbourne, Australia recruited from 1990 to 1994. Diet was measured with a food frequency questionnaire. We categorized the frequency of fresh red meat, processed meat, chicken, and fish consumption into approximate quartiles. Adenocarcinomas of the colon or rectum were ascertained via the Victorian Cancer Registry. RESULTS We identified 283 colon cancers and 169 rectal cancers in an average of 9 years of follow-up. For rectal cancer, the hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals (95% CI)] in the highest quartile of consumption of fresh red meat and processed meat were 2.3 (1.2-4.2; P for trend = 0.07) and 2.0 (1.1-3.4; P for trend = 0.09), respectively. The corresponding hazard ratios (95% CIs) for colon cancer were 1.1 (0.7-1.6; P for trend = 0.9) and 1.3 (0.9-1.9; P for trend = 0.06). However, for neither type of meat was the heterogeneity between subsites significant. Chicken consumption was weakly negatively associated with colorectal cancer (hazard ratio highest quartile, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-1.0; P for trend = 0.03), whereas hazard ratios for fish consumption were close to unity. CONCLUSION Consumption of fresh red meat and processed meat seemed to be associated with an increased risk of rectal cancer. Consumption of chicken and fish did not increase risk.
Influence of Online Customer Review and Online Customer Rating On Purchasing Decision on Shopee E-Commerce

This research is a quantitative study that aims to find out influence of online customer review and online customer rating on purchasing decision on shopee e-commerce (study on Management study program students of the Faculty of Economics and Business of Makassar State University). The independent variables in this study are online customer review and online customer rating, while the dependent variable is Purchasing Decision. The population in this study is active students Management study program of the Faculty of Economics and Business of Makassar State University class of 2020-2022. Sampling using purposive sampling technique and obtained a total sample of 100 respondents. Data collection techniques used are questionnaires and literature study. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS V.21. The results of this study indicate that online customer review (X1) partially has a significant effect on purchasing decision on shopee e-commerce, online customer rating (X2) partially has a significant effect on purchasing decision on shopee e-commerce, and online customer review (X1) and online customer rating (X2) simultaneously have a significant effect on purchasing decision on shopee e-commerce.
A Linearly Convergent Linear-Time First-Order Algorithm for Support Vector Classification with a Core Set Result

We present a simple first-order approximation algorithm for the support vector classification problem. Given a pair of linearly separable data sets and e ∈ (0,1), the proposed algorithm computes a separating hyperplane whose margin is within a factor of (1-e) of that of the maximum-margin separating hyperplane. We discuss how our algorithm can be extended to nonlinearly separable and inseparable data sets. The running time of our algorithm is linear in the number of data points and in 1/e. In particular, the number of support vectors computed by the algorithm is bounded above by O(ζ/e) for all sufficiently small e > 0, where ζ is the square of the ratio of the distances between the farthest and closest pairs of points in the two data sets. Furthermore, we establish that our algorithm exhibits linear convergence. Our computational experiments, presented in the online supplement, reveal that the proposed algorithm performs quite well on standard data sets in comparison with other first-order algorithms. We adopt the real number model of computation in our analysis.
Secretor and Salivary ABO Blood Group Antigen Status Predict Rotavirus Vaccine Take in Infants

Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) expressed on enterocytes are proposed receptors for rotaviruses and can be measured in saliva. Among 181 Pakistani infants in a G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine trial who were seronegative at baseline, anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin A seroconversion rates after 3 vaccine doses differed significantly by salivary HBGA phenotype, with the lowest rate (19%) among infants who were nonsecretors (ie, who did not express the carbohydrate synthesized by FUT2), an intermediate rate (30%) among secretors with non-blood group O, and the highest rate (51%) among secretors with O blood group. Differences in HBGA expression may be responsible for some of the discrepancy in the level of protection detected for the current rotavirus vaccines in low-income versus high-income settings.
Reactive Attachment Disorder in the General Population: A Hidden ESSENCE Disorder

Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is a severe disorder of social functioning. Previous research has shown that children with RAD may have poor cognitive and language abilities; however, findings mainly come from biased, institutionalised samples. This paper describes the characteristics of all children who were given a suspected or likely diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder in an epidemiological study of approximately 1,600 children investigating the prevalence of RAD in the general population. We found that children with RAD are more likely to have multiple comorbidities with other disorders, lower IQs than population norms, more disorganised attachment, more problem behaviours, and poorer social skills than would be found in the general population and therefore have a complex presentation than can be described as ESSENCE. We discuss the clinical and educational implications.
Invasion genetics of a human commensal rodent: the black rat Rattus rattus in Madagascar

Studies focusing on geographical genetic patterns of commensal species and on human history complement each other and provide proxies to trace common colonization events. On Madagascar, the unintentional introduction and spread of the commensal species Rattus rattus by people may have left a living clue of human colonization patterns and history. In this study, we addressed this question by characterizing the genetic structure of natural populations of R. rattus using both microsatellites and mitochondrial sequences, on an extensive sampling across the island. Such data sets were analysed by a combination of methods using population genetics, phylogeography and approximate Bayesian computation. Our results indicated two introduction events to Madagascar from the same ancestral source of R. rattus, one in the extreme north of the island and the other further south. The latter was the source of a large spatial expansion, which may have initially started from an original point located on the southern coast. The inferred timing of introduction events—several centuries ago—is temporally congruent with the Arabian trade network in the Indian Ocean, which was flourishing from the middle of the first millennium.
A New Record of Pogonatum tahitense (Polytrichaceae) from Tibet, China: Taxonomic Description, Range Expansion, and Biogeographic History

The genus Pogonatum stands out as the most diverse within the family Polytrichaceae, encompassing over 50 species. Pogonatum tahitense has been recorded across various Pacific regions, including Hawaii in the United States and Tahiti in French Polynesia, as well as in Asia, such as in Taiwan in China, Java in Indonesia, and Sabah in Malaysia. In the current study, a specimen collected in Tibet, China, is described, confirming its taxonomic classification as P. tahitense through a comprehensive analysis integrating morphological evidence and molecular study based on sequences from the plastid (rbcL, rps4, trnL-F), mitochondrial (nad5), and nuclear (ITS2) regions. This documentation represents the first record of the species within mainland China. A time-calibrated, molecular-based phylogenetic analysis was conducted, employing various approaches for ancestral range inference. The findings suggest that P. tahitense originated during the Pleistocene epoch, approximately 1.8 mya, in Tibet, China.
Global and local spatial indices of urban segregation

Urban segregation has received increasing attention in the literature due to the negative impacts that it has on urban populations. Indices of urban segregation are useful instruments for understanding the problem as well as for setting up public policies. The usefulness of spatial segregation indices depends on their ability to account for the spatial arrangement of population and to show how segregation varies across the city. This paper proposes global spatial indices of segregation that capture interaction among population groups at different scales. We also decompose the global indices to obtain local spatial indices of segregation, which enable visualization and exploration of segregation patterns. We propose the use of statistical tests to determine the significance of the indices. The proposed indices are illustrated using an artificial dataset and a case study of socio‐economic segregation in São José dos Campos (SP, Brazil).
Challenge-Hindrance Stressors and Academic Engagement Among Medical Postgraduates in China: A Moderated Mediation Model

Background Improving academic engagement of medical postgraduates is crucial for enhancing the quality of learning and the development of medical education. Due to medical postgraduates face high levels of stress and rigorous demands, yet the mechanisms linking challenge-hindrance stressors to academic engagement in this context remain largely unexplored. This study aims to explore the comprehensive relationship between challenge-hindrance stressors and academic engagement among medical postgraduates in China. Methods Data were collected from 437 medical postgraduates in China, to investigate their challenge-hindrance stressors, emotional exhaustion, learning, relaxation and academic engagement. Among these postgraduates, 40.3% were male and 59.7% were female, with the mean age of the participants being 25.71 years. Statistical procedures were conducted using Mplus 8.3, ensuring a robust analysis of the data collected. Results Our study showed that both challenge and hindrance stressors are significantly positively correlated with emotional exhaustion among Chinese medical postgraduates, and emotional exhaustion is negatively associated with academic engagement. Emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between challenge-hindrance stressors and academic engagement. Learning plays a protective role, moderating the challenge stressors and emotional exhaustion relationship and its indirect effect on academic engagement. However, relaxation was not identified as a significant moderating factor in this context. Conclusion Our findings not only revealed emotional exhaustion as a potential mechanism underlying the relationship between challenge-hindrance stressors and academic engagement but also validated the moderating role of learning in mitigating the adverse effects of challenge stressors on emotional exhaustion and academic engagement among Chinese medical postgraduates. This comprehensive insight into the complex dynamics between different stressors and academic engagement provides both theoretical and empirical evidence for medical universities. It underscores the importance of interventions to enhance academic engagement in stressful environments and serves as a valuable reference for the development of reasonable assessment systems. These contributions are crucial for fostering a supportive educational atmosphere and promoting the well-being of medical postgraduates.
International Factors in the Formation of Refugee Movements

On the basis of detailed case studies by the authors of the principal refugee flows generated in Asia, Africa, and Latin America from approximately 1960 to the present, it was found that international factors often intrude both directly and indirectly on the major types of social conflict that trigger refugee flows, and tend to exacerbate their effects. Refugees are also produced by conflicts that are manifestly international, but which are themselves often related to internal social conflict among the antagonists. Theoretical frameworks for the analysis of the causes of refugee movements must therefore reflect the transnational character of the processes involved. This paper sets forth such a framework and points to the policy implications of the proposed reconceptualization.
Genome-Wide Detection of Polymorphisms at Nucleotide Resolution with a Single DNA Microarray

A central challenge of genomics is to detect, simply and inexpensively, all differences in sequence among the genomes of individual members of a species. We devised a system to detect all single-nucleotide differences between genomes with the use of data from a single hybridization to a whole-genome DNA microarray. This allowed us to detect a variety of spontaneous single–base pair substitutions, insertions, and deletions, and most (>90%) of the ∼30,000 known single-nucleotide polymorphisms between two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. We applied this approach to elucidate the genetic basis of phenotypic variants and to identify the small number of single–base pair changes accumulated during experimental evolution of yeast.
All-Cause Mortality Risk Among a National Sample of Individuals With Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Little is known about the relative contributions of modifiable risk factors to overall diabetes mortality. The purpose of the current study is to 1) assess the association between modifiable risk factors and all-cause mortality among a nationally representative sample of individuals with diabetes and 2) determine the population-attributable risk percent (PAR%) for these factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of 1,507 adults over the age of 17 years with a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) mortality study. Our main outcome measures were all-cause mortality and PAR%. We used the Cox proportional hazard analysis to determine hazard ratios (HRs) for known diabetes risks and calculated PAR%. RESULTS Among adults with diabetes, the HRs for all-cause mortality were significant for individuals who had an A1C ≥8% (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.11–2.45) or reported no regular physical activity (1.58, 1.24–2.02) or current tobacco use (1.77, 1.15–2.73). The population-attributable risk was 15.3% for A1C value ≥8%, 16.4% for no regular physical activity, and 7.5% for current tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS Health systems may consider prioritizing care to include smoking cessation, increasing physical activity, and moderate glycemic control among patients with diabetes. This study suggests that focusing on these areas may result in significant reductions in mortality in individuals with diabetes.