Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dam-Break Flood Routing Simulation and Scale Effect Analysis Based on Virtual Geographic Environment

Because of the barrier lake affected by highly changing and complex environment, it is always a great challenge that proper actions must be performed within a limited amount of time. Thus, how to scientifically and efficiently analyze the dam-break risk of the barrier lake and its impact area is very important for barrier lake disposal and downstream communities transfer. To improve the efficiency and the accuracy of the dam-break flood routing simulation, this paper mainly focuses on the construction of the virtual geographic environment (VGE) system and the scale effect analysis. Unlike most of the current cellular automata (CA)-based flood simulation systems, the proposed VGE system can offer an intuitive, efficient, and interactive visualization environment through which users can explore complicated spatial information and conduct risk assessment work. Some key technologies including the CA model of dam-break flood, the VGE system framework, the impact analysis method, and the scale effect analysis method were discussed in detail. A prototype system was developed to support dam-break simulation and risk analysis of the Xiaojiaoqiao barrier lake in Anxian County, Sichuan Province of China. By means of a variety of cell scales effect analysis experiments, the adaptation scope and characteristics of multiscale cells were obtained to implement the simulation analysis of the dam-break flood routing better. The proposed VGE system can improve the efficiency of risk assessment and decision-making.
Haptic Shape-Based Management of Robot Teams in Cordon and Patrol

There is a growing need to develop effective interaction methods that enable a single operator to manage a team of multiple robots. This paper presents a novel approach that involves treating the team as a moldable volume, in which deformations of the volume correspond to changes in team shape. The team possesses a level of autonomy that allows the team to travel to and surround buildings of interest in a patrol and cordon scenario. During surround mode, the operator explores or manipulates the team shape to create desired formations around a building. A spacing interaction method also allows the operator to adjust how robots are spaced within the current shape. Separate haptic feedback is developed for each method to allow the operator to “feel” the shape or spacing manipulation. During travel mode, the operator chooses desired travel locations and receives feedback to help identify how and where the team travels. Results from a user study suggest that haptic feedback significantly improves operator performance in a reconnaissance task when task demand is higher, but may slightly increase operator workload. In the context of the experimental setup, these results suggest that haptic feedback may contribute to heads-up control of a team of autonomous robots. There were no significant differences in levels of situation awareness due to haptic feedback in this study.
Detection of drusen and early signs of age-related maculopathy using a nonmydriatic camera and a standard fundus camera.

PURPOSE The study was designed to compare the severity of age-related maculopathy as graded from photographs taken using three different techniques. METHODS Two methods of nonstereoscopic 45 degrees retinal photography of the macula (through a nonpharmacologically dilated pupil and through a pharmacologically dilated pupil) were compared with results from standard 30 degrees stereoscopic photographs in 112 subjects. Corresponding photographic fields were graded by a masked grader for the presence of any drusen, soft drusen, retinal pigment epithelial degeneration, increased retinal pigmentation, and early and late age-related maculopathy. RESULTS Exact agreement between gradings of the 45 degrees photographs taken through nonpharmacologically dilated pupils and 30 degrees photographs taken through dilated pupils was 75% for any drusen, 72% for soft drusen, 72% for retinal pigment epithelial degeneration, 74% for increased retinal pigment, 85% for pure geographic atrophy, and 89% for exudative macular degeneration. The kappa scores varied from 0.33 for geographic atrophy to 0.60 for exudative macular degeneration. Slightly higher rates of agreement between gradings were found after dilation. CONCLUSION These data suggest that 45 degrees nonstereoscopic fundus photographs, when graded according to a standard classification scheme, should be considered for detection of age-related maculopathy in situations where the pupils cannot be pharmacologically dilated and retinal specialists are not available to examine the fundus.
Insulin response to oral stimuli and glucose effectiveness increased in neuroglycopenia following gastric bypass

Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with neuroglycopenia is a rare complication following Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery for weight management. Insulin secretion and action in response to oral and intravenous stimuli in persons with and without neuroglycopenia following RYGB are evaluated in this study.
Stability and change in dietary scores and patterns across six waves of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children

Abstract This study aimed to derive and compare longitudinal trajectories of dietary scores and patterns from 2–3 to 10–11 years and from 4–5 to 14–15 years of age. In waves two to six of the Baby (B) Cohort and one to six of the Kindergarten (K) Cohort of the population-based Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, parents or children reported biennially on the study child’s consumption of twelve to sixteen healthy and less healthy food or drink items for the previous 24 h. For each wave, we derived a dietary score from 0 to 14, based on the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines (higher scores indicating healthier diet). We then used factor analyses to empirically derive dietary patterns for separate waves. Using group-based trajectory modelling, we generated trajectories of dietary scores and empirical patterns in 4504 B and 4640 K Cohort children. Four similar trajectories of dietary scores emerged for the B and K Cohorts, containing comparable proportions of children in each cohort: ‘never healthy’ (8·8 and 11·9 %, respectively), ‘moderately healthy’ (24·0 and 20·7 %), ‘becoming less healthy’ (16·6 and 27·3 %) and ‘always healthy’ (50·7 and 40·2 %). Deriving trajectories based on dietary patterns, rather than dietary scores, produced similar findings. For ‘becoming less healthy’ trajectories, dietary quality appeared to worsen from 7 years of age in both cohorts. In conclusion, a brief dietary measure administered repeatedly across childhood generated robust, nuanced dietary trajectories that were replicable across two cohorts and two methodologies. These trajectories appear ideal for future research into dietary determinants and health outcomes.
SHIFT: Shared history instruction fetch for lean-core server processors

In server workloads, large instruction working sets result in high L1 instruction cache miss rates. Fast access requirements preclude large instruction caches that can accommodate the deep software stacks prevalent in server applications. Prefetching has been a promising approach to mitigate instruction-fetch stalls by relying on recurring instruction streams of server workloads to predict future instruction misses. By recording and replaying instruction streams from dedicated storage next to each core, stream-based prefetchers have been shown to overcome instruction fetch stalls. Problematically, existing stream-based prefetchers incur high history storage costs resulting from large instruction working sets and complex control flow inherent in server workloads. The high storage requirements of these prefetchers prohibit their use in emerging lean-core server processors. We introduce Shared History Instruction Fetch, SHIFT, an instruction prefetcher suitable for lean-core server processors. By sharing the history across cores, SHIFT minimizes the cost per core without sacrificing miss coverage. Moreover, by embedding the shared instruction history in the LLC, SHIFT obviates the need for dedicated instruction history storage, while transparently enabling multiple instruction histories in the presence of workload consolidation. In a 16-core server CMP, SHIFT eliminates 81% (up to 93%) of instruction cache misses, achieving 19% (up to 42%) speedup on average. SHIFT captures 90% of the performance benefit of the state-of-the-art instruction prefetcher at 14× less storage cost.
Optimized Resource Allocation for Software Release Planning

Release planning for incremental software development assigns features to releases such that technical, resource, risk and budget constraints are met. Planning of software releases and allocation of resources cannot be handled in isolation. A feature can be offered as part of a release only if all its necessary tasks are done before the given release date. We assume a given pool of human resources with different degrees of productivity to perform different types of tasks. To address the inherent difficulty of this process, we propose a two-phased optimization approach that combines the strength of two existing solution methods. The industrial applicability of the approach is primarily directed towards mature organizations having systematic development and measurement processes in place. The expected practical benefit of the planning method is to provide release plan solutions that achieve a better overall business value (e.g., expressed by the degree of stakeholder satisfaction) by better allocation of resources. Without ignoring the importance of the human expert in this process, the contributions of the paper are seen in making the overall process more objective and the resulting decisions more transparent.
On the domain of the implicit function and applications

The implicit function theorem asserts that there exists a ball of nonzero radius within which one can express a certain subset of variables, in a system of equations, as functions of the remaining variables. We derive a lower bound for the radius of this ball in the case of Lipschitz maps. Under a sign-preserving condition, we prove that an implicit function exists in the case of a set of inequalities. Also in this case, we state an estimate for the size of the domain. An application to the local Lipschitz behavior of solution maps is discussed.
The Conformal Window in SU(3) Yang-Mills

Yang-Mills theory is known to exhibit very different behavior as the number of light fermion flavors N f is varied. In particular, for sufficiently large N f the theory changes fro confining to conformal behavior in the infrared. We have obtained results for SU(3) Yang-Mills, based on the study of the running coupling through the Schrodinger Functional approach, that the transition between these two phases occurs between 8 and 12 flavors. I will present the details of our staggered fermion simulations at N f = 8 and 12.
An overview of the Mars exploration rovers' flight software

The Mars exploration rovers (MER) flight software (FSW) is possibly the most complex software implementation to be deployed on another planet. The requirements dictated a software system that addressed four distinct mission phases (cruise, landing, egress, and surface) and the mission demanded a system with significant autonomy. The structure of the MER flight software reflects its object-oriented beginnings and the overall function reflects the requirements of the MER mission and spacecraft. This paper provides an overview of the function and structure of the MER flight software. The MER mission and spacecraft are briefly discussed to provide context for the flight software decomposition and the discussion of the software execution model.
Reactive Oxygen Species-Activated Akt/ASK1/p38 Signaling Pathway in Nickel Compound-Induced Apoptosis in BEAS 2B Cells

Nickel compounds are carcinogenic to humans, possibly through induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage macromolecules including DNA and proteins. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the role of the ROS-mediated Akt/apoptosis-regulating signal kinase (ASK) 1/p38 pathway in nickel-induced apoptosis. Exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to nickel compounds induced the generation of ROS and activation of Akt that is associated with the activation of ASK1 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Immunoblotting suggested a down-regulation of several antiapoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in the nickel compound-treated cells. Indeed, a notable cell apoptosis following nickel compound treatment is evident as revealed by flow cytometry analysis. N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC, a general antioxidant) and vitamin E or catalase (a specific H2O2 inhibitor) all decreased nickel-induced ROS generation. Scavenging of nickel-induced ROS by NAC or catalase attenuated Akt, ASK1, and p38 MAPK activation and apoptosis, which implies involvement of ROS in the Akt/ASK1/p38 pathway. In addition, nickel-induced activation of p38 MAPK was attenuated by a small interference of RNA specific to ASK1 (siRNA ASK1), implying that p38 MAPK was downstream of ASK1, while ASK1 activation was not reversely regulated by the inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB203580, a widely used p38 MAPK inhibitor. Silencing Akt by siRNA reduced the activation of ASK1 and p38 MAPK and cell apoptosis, whereas without nickel stimulation, siRNA Akt had no effect on the activation of ASK1 and p38 MAPK. Thus, these results suggest that the ROS-dependent Akt-ASK1-p38 axis is important for nickel-induced apoptosis.
Querying Regular Languages over Sliding Windows

We study the space complexity of querying regular languages over data streams in the sliding window model. The algorithm has to answer at any point of time whether the content of the sliding window belongs to a fixed regular language. A trichotomy is shown: For every regular language the optimal space requirement is either in Theta(n), Theta(log(n)), or constant, where $n$ is the size of the sliding window.
Consequences and limits of nonlocal strategies

This paper investigates various aspects of the nonlocal effects that can arise when entangled quantum information is shared between two parties. A natural framework for studying nonlocality is that of cooperative games with incomplete information, where two cooperating players may share entanglement. Here, nonlocality can be quantified in terms of the values of such games. We review some examples of non-locality and show that it can profoundly affect the soundness of two-prover interactive proof systems. We then establish limits on nonlocal behavior by upper-bounding the values of several of these games. These upper bounds can be regarded as generalizations of the so-called Tsirelson inequality. We also investigate the amount of entanglement required by optimal and nearly optimal quantum strategies.
SCAN-XP: Parallel Structural Graph Clustering Algorithm on Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessors

The structural graph clustering method SCAN, proposed by Xu et al., is successfully used in many applications because it not only detects densely connected nodes as clusters but also extracts sparsely connected nodes as hubs or outliers. However, it is difficult to applying SCAN to large-scale graphs since SCAN needs to evaluate the density for all adjacent nodes included in the given graphs. In this paper, so as to address the above problem, we present a novel algorithm SCAN-XP that performs over Intel Xeon Phi. We designed SCAN-XP in order to make best use of the hardware potential of Intel Xeon Phi by employing the following approaches: First, SCAN-XP avoids the bottlenecks that arise from parallel graph computations by providing good load balances among cores on the Intel Xeon Phi. Second, SCAN-XP effectively exploits 512 bit SIMD instructions implemented in the Intel Xeon Phi to speed up the density evaluations. As a result, SCAN-XP detects clusters, hubs, and outliers from large-scale graphs with much shorter computation time than SCAN. Specifically, SCAN-XP runs approximately 100 times faster than SCAN; for the graphs with 100 million edges, SCAN-XP is able to perform in a few seconds. In this paper, extensive evaluations on real-world graphs demonstrate the performance superiority of SCAN-XP over existing approaches.
Parenting Stress and its Relationship to Adaptive Behavior and Child Behavior Observed During Language Interventions

The purpose of this study was to examine parenting stress over time and its relationship to adaptive behavior and observed child behavior during language interventions in a sample of 113 toddlers with significant developmental delays. The data included are from two longitudinal studies of language outcomes following augmented or spoken language interventions (Romski et al., In preparation; Romski et al., 2010). We found that parenting stress was elevated relative to the normative sample, however, there was no relationship between parenting stress and observed child behavior. Lower child adaptive behavior was associated with both higher parenting stress and more observed child challenging behaviors. Our results suggest a complex picture of the relationships between parenting stress, child challenging behavior, and child adaptive behavior, in which child adaptive behavior has a stronger influence on parenting stress among parents of toddlers. INDEX WORDS: Developmental delay, Developmental disability, Parenting stress, Adaptive behavior, Language intervention, Challenging Behavior PARENTING STRESS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ADAPTIVE SKILLS AND CHILD BEHAVIOR OBSERVED DURING LANGUAGE INTERVENTIONS
Market Completeness in the Presence of Default Risk

The completeness for a market including default risk is classically achieved using the extension of a default-free market. The line of argument consists in enlarging the initial default-free and arbitrage-free market, which is also supposed to be complete, so that default risk can be introduced. Then, the completeness of the resulting market is proved for a given class of defaultable claims. Blanchet-Scalliet and Jeanblanc (2004) give a construction of this type, and show that the defaultable market is complete as soon as a defaultable zero-coupon bond is traded. Similar result can be found in Bielecki and Rutkowski (2001), and in Bélanger et al. (2001). The construction is achieved either by the use of a suitable representation theorem, as in [4], or by direct proof, as in [3]. The main di¢ culties lie in the rebate parts, also called payments at hit, and in the practical interpretation of the hedging portfolio. Particular focus on these aspects can be found in [4]; related results can also be found in [2]. We study the case of a credit market and try to achieve the completeness, for a given class of assets, using replicating strategy based on a set of defaultable basic assets and cash account. In practice, the assets used for hedging strategies are the defaultable zero-coupon bonds of di¤erent maturities. As the payment at hit is admissible in the credit market, this class of asset can be considered as equivalent to the CDS, which is the practical hedging instrument. The general framework is a reduced form setup in which the information ow is modelised through a brownian ltration F, which is augmented with the default time information. The market is supposed to be frictionless and arbitrage-free. The main result is that, for an information ow obtained from a d-dimensional brownian motion, the hedging strategy involves exactly d+ 1 defaultable zero-coupon bonds of di¤erent maturities. Under some technical conditions, the replicating portfolio can be built, being however di¢ cult to interprete. Speci c examples are then provided, so that replicating strategies associated to simple contracts can be analysed. The paper is made as follows: in the rst section, the basic notations and results for a standard reduced form model are briey recalled. In the second section, the standard construction of a complete market including default risk is presented, in order to make
Relationship of orthostatic blood pressure to white matter hyperintensities and subcortical volumes in late-life depression

Background Structural brain abnormalities are associated with late-life major depression, with numerous studies reporting increased white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and reduced cortical/subcortical grey matter volumes. There is strong evidence linking vascular disease to WMH, but limited evidence on its association with subcortical volumes. Aims To investigate the relationship of orthostatic blood pressure changes to WMH and subcortical grey matter volumes in late-life depression. Method Thirty-eight people with depression and a similarly aged comparison group (n = 30) underwent fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T 1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as well as systematic orthostatic blood pressure assessments. Volumetric estimates of WMH and subcortical grey matter were obtained for each participant and the relationship to blood pressure drop on active stand was examined. Results An association between orthostatic systolic blood pressure drop and WMH volumes in temporal and parietal regions was found in the depression group (age-corrected partial correlation r’ = 0.31–0.35, P<0.05). Subcortical volumes were not related to blood pressure changes or WMH volumes in either group. Conclusions We found evidence for an association between the degree of orthostatic systolic blood pressure drop and WMH volume in the depression group. Since blood pressure drops lead to WMH in animals our findings suggest systolic blood pressure drops may be a factor contributing to these lesions in late-life depression.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of α-Fetoprotein in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Both or Neither?

BACKGROUND:The clinical usefulness of α-fetoprotein (AFP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management is debatable.OBJECTIVES:To assess, in a large multi-centric survey, diagnostic and prognostic reliability of AFP, predictive factors, and any correlation with the tumor immunophenotype.METHODS:A total of 1,158 patients with HCC were analyzed with reference to serum AFP levels at diagnosis. We evaluated: HCC grading, histotype, and size; Okuda, tumor–nodes–metastases (TNM), and Child-Pugh scores; liver function, symptoms, presence of metastases or portal thrombosis, etiology, survival, and treatment. In 66 patients with histological diagnosis, the pathologists evaluated p53 overexpression, MIB 1 labeling index, BCL-2 positive cells (index of apoptosis), and CD44 (adhesion molecule) positivity.RESULTS:Patients were divided into three AFP groups: normal (<20 ng/mL) [46%], elevated (21–400 ng/mL) [36%], and diagnostic (>400 ng/mL) [18%]. Statistical correlations were significant for: weight loss (P = 0.0056), pain (P = 0.0025), Child-Pugh score (P = 0.001), tumor size, Okuda's and TNM stages, metastases, thrombosis, type of treatment (all p < 0.0001), and female sex (p < 0.004). AFP correlated with survival overall, in patients untreated, transplanted, or undergoing locoregional treatments; but not in those surgically treated. In the discriminant analysis, the related variables were size, female sex, Child-Pugh score, TNM staging (steps 1–4). When using the receiver operating characteristic curve, the prognostic reliability of AFP was limited with area under the curve of 0.59. Finally, patients with low expression of BCL2 had high AFP levels (p < 0.05). AFP positively correlated with Edmonson score (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION:The evaluation of this large series of HCC patients allowed us to: confirm the low sensitivity (54%) of AFP in the diagnosis of HCC and its prognostic value, albeit limited, being tumor size, female sex (intriguingly enough), Child-Pugh score, and TNM staging independent predictors.