Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Stacking Fault Energy and its Dependence on the Interstitial Content in Various Austenitic Steels

The stacking fault energy (SFE) is an intrinsic property of metals and is involved in the deformation mechanism of different kind of steels, such as TWIP (twinning induced plasticity), TRIP (transformation induced plasticity), HNS (high nitrogen), and high strength steels. The dependence of the SFE on the content of interstitial elements (C, N) is not yet fully understood, and different tendencies have been found by different authors. In order to study the influence of the interstitial elements on the SFE, experimental measurements extracted from literature were collected and analyzed to predict the individual and combined effect of carbon and nitrogen in different systems. The referenced austenitic steels are Fe-22Mn-C, Fe-30Ni-C, Fe-15Cr-17Mn-N, Fe-18Cr-16Ni-10Mn-N, Fe-18Cr-9Mn-C-N, Fe-18Mn-18Cr-C-N and Fe-(20-30)Mn-12Cr-C-N. The calculation of the SFE is based on the Gibbs free energy of the austenite to ε-martensite transformation (ΔGγàε), which is calculated by means of the Calphad method. The revision of the measured values reveals that on different ranges of interstitial contents the SFE behaves differently. At lower values (C, N or C+N up to 0.4%), a local minimum or maximum is found in most of the systems. At higher concentration levels, a proportional dependence seems to occur. These observations agree with the theory of the dependence of SFE on the free electron concentration. Alloying with Mn or Ni has a strong influence on the electronic configuration and magnetic properties of the austenite and therefore on the SFE. The results of this study provide valuable information for materials design, especially in the context of alloying with C, N or C+N.
The Relationship Between Microalbuminuria and the Presence and Extent of Coronary Atherosclerosis

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between microalbuminuria (MA) and the presence and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Four hundred and two consecutive patients were divided into 4 groups based on the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and MA: DM(+)/MA(+), DM(+)/MA(-), DM(-)/MA(+), and DM(-)/MA(-). Severity of CAD was assessed by the Gensini scoring system. Results: The Gensini score was 57 ± 38.2 vs 16.5 ± 19.5 (P < .001) in the DM(+)/MA(+) and DM(+)/MA(-) groups and 45 ± 39.8 vs 9.9 ± 16.6 (P < .001) in the DM(-)/MA(+) and DM(-)/MA(-) groups. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated a positive relation between urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) and extent of CAD both in the diabetic and nondiabetic patients (r = .584, P = .001; r = .545, P = .001). Microalbuminuria was found to be an independent predictor for the presence (OR for MA: 3.728; 95% CI, 1.931-7.196; P < .001) and severity of CAD (P < .001, β = .563). Conclusion: A strong relationship between MA and the severity of CAD was reported.
Aberrant Expression of NF-κB in Liver Fluke Associated Cholangiocarcinoma: Implications for Targeted Therapy

Background Up-regulation and association of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) with carcinogenesis and tumor progression has been reported in several malignancies. In the current study, expression of NF-κB in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patient tissues and its clinical significance were determined. The possibility of using NF-κB as the therapeutic target of CCA was demonstrated. Methodology Expression of NF-κB in CCA patient tissues was determined using immunohistochemistry. Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), a specific NF-κB inhibitor, was used to inhibit NF-κB action. Cell growth was determined using an MTT assay, and cell apoptosis was shown by DNA fragmentation, flow cytometry and immunocytofluorescent staining. Effects of DHMEQ on growth and apoptosis were demonstrated in CCA cell lines and CCA-inoculated mice. DHMEQ-induced apoptosis in patient tissues using a histoculture drug response assay was quantified by TUNEL assay. Principal Findings Normal bile duct epithelia rarely expressed NF-κB (subunits p50, p52 and p65), whereas all CCA patient tissues (n = 48) over-expressed all NF-κB subunits. Inhibiting NF-κB action by DHMEQ significantly inhibited growth of human CCA cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. DHMEQ increased cell apoptosis by decreasing the anti-apoptotic protein expressions–Bcl-2, XIAP–and activating caspase pathway. DHMEQ effectively reduced tumor size in CCA-inoculated mice and induced cell apoptosis in primary histocultures of CCA patient tissues. Conclusions NF-κB was over-expressed in CCA tissues. Inhibition of NF-κB action significantly reduced cell growth and enhanced cell apoptosis. This study highlights NF-κB as a molecular target for CCA therapy.
Genetic epidemiology of asthma.

Asthma is an increasingly common disease in the developed world (1-3). In the United States, the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) (1976-1980) estimates of asthma prevalence (4) were 6.9 percent for whites and 9.2 percent for blacks. Most current definitions of asthma (5) characterize it as a (rapidly or slowly) reversible narrowing of the conducting airways of the lungs, usually associated with evidence of airway wall inflammation and eosinophilia (6, 7). Acute and delayed bronchoconstriction can be precipitated by inhalation by the asthmatic individual of a number of agents, such as ozone, cold dry air, proteins (mainly enzymes), or low molecular weight chemicals, and presents clinically as development (and resolution) of dyspnea, wheezing, and cough. Asthma is clinically heterogenous, but the bulk of cases tend to be characterized by childhood onset, markers of allergic hypersensitiveness such as wheezing and bronchoconstriction following inhalation of antigen (allergen), and elevated levels of total serum immunoglobulin E. There may be remission of symptoms for up to 20 years after childhood, so that earlier mild episodes may be forgotten by the individual, though not by the parent (8, 9). Most genetic studies have concentrated on this type of asthma (i.e., allergic or extrinsic asthma). However, a few studies have attempted to determine if different genes might be acting in the 20 percent of asthmatics who do not exhibit any signs of allergy (i.e., nonallergic or intrinsic asthma).
Lymphocytic gastritis and coeliac disease: evidence of a positive association.

AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of lymphocytic gastritis in patients with coeliac disease. METHODS: Gastric biopsies from 70 patients with coeliac disease were examined by light microscopy for the presence of lymphocytic gastritis, defined as 25 or more intraepithelial lymphocytes/100 gastric columnar epithelial cells. RESULTS: Lymphocytic gastritis was found in seven cases. Positive cases had a mean of 32.1 intraepithelial lymphocytes/100 columnar cells, compared with a mean of 13.9 in negative cases, and 5.15 in noncoeliac controls. No differences were found for age, sex, gastric corpus or antrum, or degree of inflammation in the gastric lamina propria. All intraepithelial lymphocytes were of T cell lineage. Cases not showing lymphocytic gastritis did however show significantly increased gastric intraepithelial lymphocytes compared with non-coeliac controls. Eighteen of 70 cases were positive for Helicobacter pylori, and four of seven cases of lymphocytic gastritis were H pylori positive; no significant difference was observed between H pylori positive and negative patients. Three cases had concomitant ulcerative enteritis, of which none showed lymphocytic gastritis, while five cases had concomitant enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma, of which one showed lymphocytic gastritis. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphocytic gastritis occurred in 10% of patients with coeliac disease. Cases without lymphocytic gastritis nevertheless showed increased gastric intraepithelial lymphocytes. Coeliac disease may on occasion be a diffuse lymphocytic enteropathy occurring in response to gluten. Lymphocytic gastritis outside coeliac disease may involve an immune response to luminal antigens, such as H pylori, not unlike the response to gluten in patients with coeliac disease.
The Final Log Canonical Model of the Moduli Space of Stable Curves of Genus 4

We describe the final log canonical model of the moduli space of stable curves of genus four. We prove that the rational map from $\bar{M}_4$ to this model contracts the Petri and the boundary divisors and flips the hyperelliptic locus. As an application, we find an exact bound on slopes of moving divisors on $\bar{M}_4$.
Understanding interactions

For many injuries, the effect of one risk factor may depend in some way on the level of another factor. For example, the effect of speed lowering interventions on motor vehicle related crash occurrence may be different in divided urban roadways than in intercity rural roadways. We then say that there is interaction between the two exposures. Interactions may also be present when assessing associations. For example, the association between child injury rate and sex may be different in different private or public schools. Interactions are common in situations when multiple factors may be affecting an outcome of interest, or simply when associations among multiple variables are investigated. One of the important contributions of Sir Ronald Fisher is the suggestion that multiple effects should be studied in research rather than the isolated effects of single variables. In the presence of a strong interaction effect, it means that interpreting the separate effects of each factor is potentially misleading. In this Accidental Note we illustrate this issue with examples from the injury research literature.
The proteasomal subunit S6 ATPase is a novel synphilin‐1 interacting protein—implications for Parkinson's disease

Synphilin‐1 is linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), based on its role as an alpha‐synuclein (PARK1)‐interacting protein and substrate of the ubiquitin E3 ligase Parkin (PARK2) and because of its presence in Lewy bodies (LB) in brains of PD patients. We found that overexpression of synphilin‐1 in cells leads to the formation of ubiquitinated cytoplasmic inclusions supporting a derangement of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system in PD. We report here a novel specific interaction of synphilin‐1 with the regulatory proteasomal protein S6 ATPase (tbp7). Functional characterization of this interaction on a cellular level revealed colocalization of S6 and synphilin‐1 in aggresome‐like intracytoplasmic inclusions. Overexpression of synphilin‐1 and S6 in cells caused reduced proteasomal activity associated with a significant increase in inclusion formation compared to cells expressing syn‐philin‐1 alone. Steady‐state levels of synphilin‐1 in cells were not altered after cotransfection of S6 and colocal‐ization of synphilin‐1‐positive inclusions with lysosomal markers suggests the presence of an alternative lysosomal degradation pathway. Subsequent immunohistochemical studies in brains of PD patients identified S6 ATPase as a component of LB. This is the first study investigating the physiological role of synphilin‐1 in the ubiquitin protea‐some system. Our data suggest a direct interaction of synphilin‐1 with the regulatory complex of the protea‐some modulating proteasomal function. —Marx F. P., Soehn, A. S. , Berg, D. , Melle, C. , Schiesling, C. , Lang, M. , Kautzmann, S. , Strauss, K. M. , Franck, T. , Engelender, S. , Pahnke, J., Dawson, S. , von Eggeling F. , Schulz, J. B. , Riess, O. , Krüger R. The proteasomal subunit S6 ATPase is a novel synphilin‐1 interacting protein—implications for Parkinson's disease. FASEB J. 21, 1759–1767 (2007)
Carboxylic acids in the hindgut of rats fed highly soluble inulin and Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb-12), Lactobacillus salivarius (UCC500) or Lactobacillus rhamnosus (GG)

Background Propionic and butyric acids are important nutrients for the mucosal cells and may therefore increase the nutritional status and reduce the permeability of the colonic mucosa. These acids have also been suggested to counteract diseases in the colon, e.g. ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. Different substrates lead to different amounts and patterns of carboxylic acids (CAs). Objective To study the effect of probiotics on CA formation in the hindgut of rats given inulin. Design The rats were given inulin, marketed as highly soluble by the producer, together with the probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb-12), Lactobacillus salivarius (UCC500) or Lactobacillus rhamnosus (GG), or a mixture of all three. Results Rats fed inulin only had comparatively high proportions of propionic and butyric acids throughout the hindgut. When diets were supplemented with Bb-12 and UCC500, the caecal pool of CAs increased compared with inulin only. In the caecum the proportion of butyric acid generally decreased when the rats were fed probiotics. In the distal colon the proportion of propionic and butyric acid was lower, while that of lactic acid was generally higher. The caecal pH in rats fed GG and Bb-12 was lower than expected from the concentration of CAs. Further, rats fed GG had the lowest weight gain and highest caecal tissue weight. Conclusions It is possible to modify the formation of CAs by combining inulin with probiotics. Different probiotics had different effects.
Canopy Density Model: A New ALS-Derived Product to Generate Multilayer Crown Cover Maps

The canopy density model (CDM), a new product interpolated from airborne laser scanner (ALS) data and dedicated to forest structure characterization is presented. It exploits both the multiecho capability of the ALS and a nonparametric density estimation technique called kernel density estimators (KDEs). The CDM is used to delineate the outmost perimeter of vegetation features and to compute forest crown cover (CrCO). Contrary to other works that focus on single-layer forest canopies, CrCo is derived here for each layer, namely, the overstory, the understory, and ground vegetation. The root-mean-square error of prediction determined by using field data acquired over 44 forest stands in a forest in Portugal allows the testing of the reliability of the method: It ranges from 6.21% (overstory) to 13.76% (ground vegetation). In addition, we investigate the ability of the CDM to map the CrCo for individual trees. Finally, two existing methods have been applied to our study site in order to assess improvements, advantages, and drawbacks of our approach.
Differences in the Response of Wheat, Soybean and Lettuce to Reduced Blue Radiation¶

Abstract Although many fundamental blue light responses have been identified, blue light dose-response curves are not well characterized. We studied the growth and development of soybean, wheat and lettuce plants under high-pressure sodium (HPS) and metal halide (MH) lamps with yellow filters creating five fractions of blue light. The blue light fractions obtained were <0.1, 2 and 6% under HPS lamps, and 6, 12 and 26% under MH lamps. Studies utilizing both lamp types were done at two photosynthetic photon flux levels, 200 and 500 μmol m−2 s−1 under a 16 h photoperiod. Phytochrome photoequilibria was nearly identical among treatments. The blue light effect on dry mass, stem length, leaf area, specific leaf area and tillering/branching was species dependent. For these parameters, wheat did not respond to blue light, but lettuce was highly sensitive to blue light fraction between 0 and 6% blue. Soybean stem length decreased and leaf area increased up to 6% blue, but total dry mass was unchanged. The blue light fraction determined the stem elongation response in soybean, whereas the absolute amount of blue light determined the stem elongation response in lettuce. The data indicate that lettuce growth and development requires blue light, but soybean and wheat may not.
Influence of Slag and Slag Cement on the Strength of Sustainable Concrete

Cement is an essential constituent for the production of concrete. Nowadays, the supplementary use of cement such as industrial by-product and agricultural waste material has become an integral part of concrete construction due to their cost effective and sustainable environmental benefits. The industrial (metallurgical) by product-Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) contains a non-crystalline silicon dioxide with high specific surface area and high pozzolanic reactivity. The use of GBFS either in cement or concrete has been increased due to its better performance in concrete in terms of strength and durability. In this paper, a critical review on the influence of slag and slag cement on the strength of sustainable concrete has been presented. The researches carried out in the past on the use of GBFS as partial replacement of cement in mortar and concrete, basically, the strength development of GBFS blended concrete and cement are reviewed in this study. These test results confirmed that the strength of cement mortar and concrete is varied with percent of slag replacement, fineness of slag and cement used, curing temperature as well as curing method. Based on the information available in literature, slag and slag cement could be a valuable material for the production of sustainable concrete.
Fast Monte-Carlo algorithms for finding low-rank approximations

In several applications, the data consists of an m/spl times/n matrix A and it is of interest to find an approximation D of a specified rank k to A where, k is much smaller than m and n. Traditional methods like the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) help us find the "best" such approximation. However, these methods take time polynomial in m, n which is often too prohibitive. In this paper, we develop an algorithm which is qualitatively faster provided we may sample the entries of the matrix according to a natural probability distribution. Indeed, in the applications such sampling is possible. Our main result is that we can find the description of a matrix D* of rank at most k so that /spl par/A-D*/spl par//sub F//spl les/min/D,rank(D)/spl les/k/spl par/A-D/spl par//sub F/+/spl epsiv//spl par/A/spl par//sub F/ holds with probability at least 1-/spl delta/. (For any matrix M, /spl par/M/spl par//sub F//sup 2/ denotes the sum of the squares of all the entries of M.) The algorithm takes time polynomial in k, 1//spl epsiv/, log(1//spl delta/) only, independent of m, n.
Guided Search 4.0: Current Progress With a Model of Visual Search

performance, specifically of search tasks in which an observer looks for a target object among some number of distracting items. Classically, models have described two mechanisms of search: serial and parallel (Egeth, 1966). In serial search, attention is directed to one item at a time, allowing each item to be classified as a target or a distractor in turn (Sternberg, 1966). Parallel models propose that all (or many) items are processed at the same time. A decision about target presence is based on the output of this processing (Neisser, 1963). GS evolved out of the two-stage architecture of models like Treisman’s feature integration theory (FIT; Treisman & Gelade, 1980). FIT proposed a parallel, preattentive first stage and a serial second stage controlled by visual selective attention. Search tasks could be divided into those performed by the first stage in parallel and those requiring serial processing. Much of the data comes from experiments measuring reaction time (RT) as a function of set size. The RT is the time required to respond that a target is present or absent. Treisman proposed that there was a limited set of attributes (e.g. color, size, motion) that could be processed in parallel, across the whole visual field (Treisman, 1985, 1986; Treisman & Gormican, 1988). These produced RTs that were essentially independent of the set size. Thus, slopes of RT set size functions were near zero. In FIT, targets defined by two or more attributes required the serial deployment of attention. The critical difference between preattentive search tasks and serial tasks was that the serial tasks required a serial “binding” step (Treisman, 1996; von der Malsburg, 1981). One piece of brain might analyze the color of an object. Another might analyze its orientation. Binding is the act of linking those bits of information into a single representation of an object—an object file (Kahneman, Treisman, & Gibbs, 1992). Tasks requiring serial deployment of attention from one item to the next produce RT set size functions with slopes markedly greater than zero (typically, about 20–30 ms/item for target-present trials and a bit more than twice that for target-absent). 8
Robust camera calibration for sport videos using court models

We propose an automatic camera calibration algorithm for court sports. The obtained camera calibration parameters are required for applications that need to convert positions in the video frame to real-world coordinates or vice versa. Our algorithm uses a model of the arrangement of court lines for calibration. Since the court model can be specified by the user, the algorithm can be applied to a variety of different sports. The algorithm starts with a model initialization step which locates the court in the image without any user assistance or a-priori knowledge about the most probable position. Image pixels are classified as court line pixels if they pass several tests including color and local texture constraints. A Hough transform is applied to extract line elements, forming a set of court line candidates. The subsequent combinatorial search establishes correspondences between lines in the input image and lines from the court model. For the succeeding input frames, an abbreviated calibration algorithm is used, which predicts the camera parameters for the new image and optimizes the parameters using a gradient-descent algorithm. We have conducted experiments on a variety of sport videos (tennis, volleyball, and goal area sequences of soccer games). Video scenes with considerable difficulties were selected to test the robustness of the algorithm. Results show that the algorithm is very robust to occlusions, partial court views, bad lighting conditions, or shadows.
Comparison of 2D- and 3D-guided implantation in accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI)

Purpose In this study two different pre-planning methods (2D vs. 3D) were compared in respect to the implant quality as judged by volumetric and dose parameters of the treatment plans. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the imaging modalities used for pre-planning purpose to the treatment plan quality. Material and methods Twenty-four patients treated with HDR multicatheter implants were randomly selected for experiment. All patients underwent breast conserving surgery. Flexible catheters were implanted into the breast through the template. Inter-catheter distance, number of planes and catheters were adjusted, in respect to the size and location of the target. Pre-planning was used to evaluate the implant geometry in respect to the target. Needles number and position were modified if necessary. There were two experimental subgroups consisted of 12 patients each. Different pre-planning procedure was employed in each group. In the first group 2D X-ray imaging system was used. In the second one the 3D pre-planning method based on CT was performed. Treatment plans were evaluated with parameters calculated based on dose-volume histograms (DVHs). Volumetric and dose parameters were used for comparison of the dose distribution between the two experimental subgroups. Results The mean value of target coverage VPTV100 is higher for 3D pre-planning than for 2D (91.7% vs. 86.1%). The dose that covers 90% of the PTV (D90) is also higher for 3D pre-planning than for 2D (4.2 Gy vs. 3.6 Gy). Similar relation can be observed for the values of dose homogeneity index where DHI obtained for 3D pre-planning is 0.60 and 0.53 for 2D. All differences were statistically significant with p < 0.05. Conclusions Analysis presented in this paper showed that 3D pre-planning method improves the geometrical quality of the implant.