Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors for Preterm Deliveries in a Secondary Care Hospital, Southern India

Introduction. Preterm birth is the leading cause of newborn deaths and the second leading cause of death in children under five years old. Three-quarters of them could be saved with current, cost-effective interventions. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors of preterm birth in a secondary care hospital in Southern India. Methods. In the case-control study, records of 153 antenatal women with preterm birth were included as cases. Age matched controls were women who had a live birth after 37 weeks of gestational age. Gestational age at delivery and associated risk factors were analyzed. Results. The preterm birth rate was 5.8%. Common risk factors associated with preterm birth were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (21.4%), height <1.50 m (16.8%), premature rupture of membranes (17.5%), and fetal distress (14.9%). Mean birth weight for preterm babies was 2452 grams while the birth weight for term babies was 2978 grams. Conclusion. The commonest obstetrical risk factor for preterm birth was hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and nonobstetrical risk factor was height <1.50 m. The percentage of preterm birth was low, comparable to developing countries.
Blazar γ-Rays, Shock Acceleration, and the Extragalactic Background Light

The observed spectra of blazars, their intrinsic emission, and the underlying populations of radiating particles are intimately related. The use of these sources as probes of the extragalactic infrared background, a prospect propelled by recent advances in TeV-band telescopes, soon to be augmented by observations by NASA's upcoming Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope, has been a topic of great recent interest. Here, it is demonstrated that if particles in blazar jets are accelerated at relativistic shocks, then γ-ray spectra with indices less than 1.5 can be produced. This, in turn, loosens the upper limits on the near-infrared extragalactic background radiation previously proposed. We also show evidence hinting that TeV blazars with flatter spectra have higher intrinsic TeV γ-ray luminosities, and we indicate that there may be a correlation of flatness and luminosity with redshift.
Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Mapping

Supported by grants to T.J.R. from the South African National Research Foundation (NRF; GUN 2053812) and the Wellcome Trust (to T.J.R. and M.A.F.-S.). The work was conducted while V.T. was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Stellenbosch. His support from the NRF, the University of Stellenbosch and the Russian Fund of Basic Research and Grant 01-2163 from the International Association for the Promotion of Co-operation with scientists from the New Independent States of Former Soviet Union is gratefully acknowledged.
Saw It on Facebook, Drank It at the Bar! Effects of Exposure to Facebook Alcohol Ads on Alcohol-Related Behaviors

ABSTRACT Using a 2 (beverage: beer versus water) × 2 (brand familiarity: familiar versus unfamiliar) × 3 (message repetition) mixed factorial experiment, this study investigated the effects of exposure to Facebook alcohol advertisements on intentions to consume alcohol and alcohol-related behaviors (gift card choice: bar versus coffee shop). Participants (N = 121) were exposed to Facebook ads for familiar or unfamiliar beer or water brands. Participants were more likely to select a bar than a coffee shop gift card upon exposure to beer versus water ads, which was moderated by brand familiarity and risky alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT]). In addition, participants’ expression of intentions to consume alcohol was conditional to AUDIT and brand familiarity. Findings are discussed within the framework of the mere exposure and priming effects. The policy implications of social media advertising of alcohol are discussed.
Preventing readmissions to hospital for asthma.

Childhood asthma is one of the most prevalent diseases in steroids in the management of acute asthma is well established. A meta-analysis of 30 studies found that the use childhood, 1 with major social and economic costs for the of steroids early in the treatment of asthmatic exacerbations family and child. Furthermore, in developed countries reduces admissions in both adults and children and they asthma is responsible for many admissions to hospital, 2 were also effective in preventing relapse in the outpatient many of which represent readmissions, so that up to 50% treatment of asthmatic exacerbations. 15 Unexpectedly, one of all the children admitted for asthma will be readmitted recent double blind placebo controlled study of parental in the following 12 months. 3 If these readmissions could administered oral steroids at home reported a larger num-be reduced then the potential savings, both for the health ber of attacks resulting in outpatient visits associated with service and families, are large. their use. 16 Asthma clinics are a traditional part of medical In this issue Madge and colleagues 4 report the results practice but have not been subject to clinical trials. One of a randomised controlled study of a nurse-led home observational study found they had no effect on re-management training programme in children admitted admission rates after controlling for potential confounders. 3 to hospital with acute asthma. The results are stunning; The notable omission from the package of interventions readmissions were only 8% over the 14 months study in this study is an attempt to alter the child's environment. period in the intervention group compared with 25% in Both tobacco smoking, particularly by the mother, and the control group. Reattendance at the hospital emergency house dust mite exposure are associated with an increase in room was unchanged. asthmatic symptoms. 17 18 Smoking by parents of asthmatic The first question is " Are the results of the study valid? " children, although difficult to change, can be altered. 19 The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group proposed Allergen avoidance studies have varied in their success. 18 a number of criteria by which to judge the validity of such " Which component(s) of the intervention package are studies. 5 The primary criteria were fulfilled: the assignment critical to the success? " Parental administered oral steroids of patients to treatments was randomised, all patients who would appear to be most important and could easily be-entered the …
Intracytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies and Myoid‐type of Differentiation in the Stroma of a Benign Phyllodes Tumor

in the sensitive alteration of tissues: ionizing radiations are acting via a direct damage to DNA and cellular proteins, and indirectly through the induction of an oxidative stress. The histologic changes observed in the long term are numerous and include hyperplasia and atrophy of the skin, the increasing density of collagen fibers in the dermis, the absence of pilosebaceous follicles, changes in skin thickness and sclerosis of dermal vessels which leads to a microvascular occlusion and thermoregulation troubles. The hypoesthesia after breast reconstruction is a common sequela that can potentially lead to very serious consequences as in our case in which the burn that was not detected in time by the patient, led to the loss of reconstruction. The knowledge of the pathologic mechanisms that lead to these sensory abnormalities should be investigated to find ways to minimize them. In this regard, agreeing with Lagergren et al., a study that compares the degree of hypoesthesia in mastectomised patients before and after reconstruction would be interesting to understand what is the surgical time that mostly has a negative impact on the sensitivity of breast. This atypical case allows to remind once again the risks of thermal injuries on reconstructed breast. Patient’s education is therefore essential and several situations need to be identified such as contact with hot or cold objects, but also wearing black clothes associated with sun exposure that can cause the same type of burns. It seems essential making clear to patients the vulnerability of their reconstructed breast to thermal burns most of all in the first year after surgery, but unfortunately education on these parameters remains too rarely mentioned in current practice. Understandable and codified instructions manuals should be prepared and distributed to each patient.
Combination therapy with zidovudine and didanosine selects for drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains with unique patterns of pol gene mutations.

Drug resistance conferred by specific human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pol gene mutations has been associated with clinical progression in HIV-infected patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy. This study examined drug susceptibilities and pol mutations of HIV-1 strains from patients treated for 1 year with zidovudine, didanosine (ddI), or zidovudine and ddI. Ten (42%) of 24 patients receiving combination therapy versus 8/26 (31%) receiving only zidovudine had HIV-1 strains with phenotypic zidovudine resistance or a zidovudine resistance pol mutation at codon 215 (P = .6). In contrast, a ddI resistance mutation at codon 74 was less common among patients receiving combination therapy (2/24) than among those receiving ddI only (17/26; P < .001). Two patients receiving combination therapy developed resistance to zidovudine and ddI; they had HIV strains with amino acid mutations at codons 62, 75, 77, 116, and 151. Combination therapy with zidovudine and ddI selects for zidovudine-resistant HIV-1 strains lacking a ddI resistance mutation and for multidrug-resistant strains containing novel pol mutations.
CD40 ligation reverses T cell tolerance in acute myeloid leukemia.

Spontaneous antigen-specific T cell responses can be generated in hosts harboring a variety of solid malignancies, but are subverted by immune evasion mechanisms active within the tumor microenvironment. In contrast to solid tumors, the mechanisms that regulate T cell activation versus tolerance to hematological malignancies have been underexplored. A murine acute myeloid leukemia (AML) model was used to investigate antigen-specific T cell responses against AML cells inoculated i.v. versus s.c. Robust antigen-specific T cell responses were generated against AML cells after s.c. , but not i.v. , inoculation. In fact, i.v. AML cell inoculation prevented functional T cell activation in response to subsequent s.c. AML cell challenge. T cell dysfunction was antigen specific and did not depend on Tregs or myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Antigen-specific TCR-Tg CD8+ T cells proliferated, but failed to accumulate, and expressed low levels of effector cytokines in hosts after i.v. AML induction, consistent with abortive T cell activation and peripheral tolerance. Administration of agonistic anti-CD40 Ab to activate host APCs enhanced accumulation of functional T cells and prolonged survival. Our results suggest that antigen-specific T cell tolerance is a potent immune evasion mechanism in hosts with AML that can be reversed in vivo after CD40 engagement.
Sympathy through Affective Perspective Taking and Its Relation to Prosocial Behavior in Toddlers Sachmerda for Help with Coding; Roger Mundry for Statistical Advice; And

In most research on the early ontogeny of sympathy, young children are presented with an overtly distressed person and their responses are observed. In the current study, the authors asked whether young children could also sympathize with a person to whom something negative had happened but who was expressing no emotion at all. They showed 18-and 25-month-olds an adult either harming another adult by destroying or taking away her possessions (harm condition) or else doing something similar that did not harm her (neutral condition). The " victim " expressed no emotions in either condition. Nevertheless, in the harm as compared with the neutral condition, children showed more concern and subsequent prosocial behavior toward the victim. Moreover, children's concerned looks during the harmful event were positively correlated with their subsequent prosocial behavior. Very young children can sympathize with a victim even in the absence of overt emotional signals, possibly by some form of affective perspective taking. Sympathy (feeling concern for the other) and empathy (feeling as the other feels) regulate much of human social interaction. They are thought to lead to prosocial behaviors such as helping and lead away from antisocial behaviors such as aggression Human infants from soon after birth show reactions to crying or distress that might be considered empathy, or at least some precursor to empathy such as emotional contagion (e.g., Sagi & Hoffman, 1976). Around 14 –18 months, as children more clearly differentiate self from other, they show more varied and more other-directed empathic and sympathetic responses to others' distress (see Eisenberg, Spinrad, & Sadovsky, 2006, for a review). Virtually all research on sympathy and empathy has assessed children's responses to conspicuous emotional cues such as crying or distress, thus tapping children's ability to sympathize either via emotional contagion or by identifying emotional signals. While this route to sympathy and empathy is certainly indispensable and commonly used, it could be entirely based upon reading the victim's overt emotional cues. There has, however, been much discussion in the literature about the possibility of sympathizing and empathizing in the absence of overt emotional cues, such as by affective perspective taking, that is, by imagining or inferring what the other person is feeling based on various nonemotional and situational cues and by putting oneself in the other's place (Eisen-for reviews). The question addressed here is whether young children , too, can sympathize in the absence of emotional cues. Despite the …
Blood coagulation activation and fibrinolysis during a downhill marathon run

Prolonged physical exercise is associated with multiple changes in blood hemostasis. Eccentric muscle activation induces microtrauma of skeletal muscles, inducing an inflammatory response. Since there is a link between inflammation and coagulation we speculated that downhill running strongly activates the coagulation system. Thirteen volunteers participated in the Tyrolean Speed Marathon (42 195 m downhill race, 795 m vertical distance). Venous blood was collected 3 days (T1) and 3 h (T2) before the run, within 30 min after finishing (T3) and 1 day thereafter (T4). We measured the following key parameters: creatine kinase, myoglobin, thrombin–antithrombin complex, prothrombin fragment F1 + 2, D-dimer, plasmin–α2-antiplasmin complexes, tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen, plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 antigen and thrombelastography with ROTEM [intrinsic pathway (InTEM) clotting time, clot formation time, maximum clot firmness, alpha angle]. Thrombin generation was evaluated by the Thrombin Dynamic Test and the Technothrombin TGA test. Creatine kinase and myoglobin were elevated at T3 and further increased at T4. Thrombin–antithrombin complex, prothrombin fragment F1 + 2, D-dimer, plasmin–α2-antiplasmin complexes, tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen and plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 antigen were significantly increased at T3. ROTEM analysis exhibited a shortening of InTEM clotting time and clot formation time after the marathon, and an increase in InTEM maximum clot firmness and alpha angle. Changes in TGA were indicative for thrombin generation after the marathon. We demonstrated that a downhill marathon induces an activation of coagulation, as measured by specific parameters for coagulation, ROTEM and thrombin generation assays. These changes were paralleled by an activation of fibrinolysis indicating a preserved hemostatic balance.
EFFECT OF QUALITY PRODUCTS, BRAND IMAGE AND PRICE TOWARDS PURCHASE DECISION (Studies in Buyer OBH Combi In Pharmacies in Semarang )

The company makes a profit by satisfying needs, desires and demands of consumers. It is that eventually takes a toll on the needs, desires and demands of consumers is greatly affect the product concerned. This study aimed to analyze the effect of product quality, brand image and price on purchase decisions OBH Combi brand drugs at pharmacies in the city of Semarang. The research sample of 130 respondents was initially determined by the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. In the development of reduced sample 4 respondents (not back and incomplete) so that the sample is used as much as 126 samples. Criteria sample of respondents who encountered was buying drugs OBH Combi brand in pharmacies in the city of Semarang, minimum age 17 years, often taking medication brand OBH Combi minimum've been taking the medication 5 times. The results showed that (1) there is a positive and significant influence between the quality of products on purchase decisions, (2) there is a positive and significant effect of brand image on purchase decisions, (3) there is a positive and significant effect of price on purchase decisions. Variation from product quality, product image and price in light of the decision of purchasing the remaining 40.2 59.8 amounted described other factors not examined. Keywords: product quality, brand image, price and purchasing decision
Analysis, statistical transfer, and synthesis in machine translation

We reinterpret the system described by Brown et al. [1] in terms of the analysis-transfersynthesis paradigm common in machine translation. We describe enhanced analysis and synthesis components that apply a number of simple linguistic transformations so the transfer component operates from a string of French morphemes to a string of English morphemes. We report the results of a comparison of the new system with the old system on 100 short test sentences. The new system correctly translates 60% of these sentences while the old system correctly translates only 39% of them.
Cortical motor contributions to language understanding

Here we review evidence from cognitive neuroscience for a tight relation between language and action in the brain. We focus on two types of relation between language and action. First, we investigate whether the perception of speech and speech sounds leads to activation of parts of the cortical motor system also involved in speech production. Second, we evaluate whether understanding action-related language involves the activation of parts of the motor system. We conclude that whereas there is considerable evidence that understanding language can involve parts of our motor cortex, this relation is best thought of as inherently flexible. As we explain, the exact nature of the input as well as the intention with which language is perceived influences whether and how motor cortex plays a role in language processing.
Coping with Identity Conflict: Perceptions of Self as Flexible versus Fixed Moderate the Effect of Identity Conflict on Well-being

Abstract In four experimental studies, we explored the moderating role of perceptions of one’s self as flexible vs. fixed on the relationship between identity conflict, well-being, and self-esteem. Across different contexts, it was demonstrated that representations of self as stable vs. changeable moderated the effect of conflicting identities on well-being and self-esteem. Specifically, the activation of conflicting identities led to a decrease in well-being and self-esteem among those who construed their self as stable, but not among those who adopted flexible representations of self. The results suggest that the net effect of multiple identities depends not only on their compatibility and importance, but also on the way in which one’s self-concept is construed.
Risk of Bias from Inclusion of Currently Diagnosed or Treated Patients in Studies of Depression Screening Tool Accuracy: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Recently Published Primary Studies and Meta-Analyses

Background Depression screening can improve upon usual care only if screening tools accurately identify depressed patients who would not otherwise be recognized by healthcare providers. Inclusion of patients already being treated for depression in studies of screening tool accuracy would inflate estimates of screening accuracy and yield. The present study investigated (1) the proportion of primary studies of depression screening tool accuracy that were recently published in journals listed in MEDLINE, which appropriately excluded currently diagnosed or treated patients; and (2) whether recently published meta-analyses identified the inclusion of currently diagnosed or treated patients as a potential source of bias. Methods MEDLINE was searched from January 1, 2013 through March 27, 2015 for primary studies and meta-analyses on depression screening tool accuracy. Results Only 5 of 89 (5.6%) primary studies excluded currently diagnosed or treated patients from any analyses and only 3 (3.4%) from main analyses. In 3 studies that reported the number of patients excluded due to current treatment, the number of excluded patients was more than twice the number of newly identified depression cases. None of 5 meta-analyses identified the inclusion of currently diagnosed and treated patients as a potential source of bias. Conclusions The inclusion of currently diagnosed and treated patients in studies of depression screening tool accuracy is a problem that limits the applicability of research findings for actual clinical practice. Studies are needed that evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of depression screening tools among only untreated patients who would potentially be screened in practice.
Five Factor Wellness Inventory- Teen Version: Turkish Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric qualities of a Turkish adaptation of The Five Factor Wellness Inventory, Teen Version (5F-Wel-T; Myers & Sweeney, 2004). This study was conducted at the suggestion and with the encouragement of Drs. Myers and Sweeney. The participants in this investigation were 328 6 th to 9 th grade students. Initial factor analysis failed to demonstrate a good correspondence with the originally identified factors reported by Myers and Sweeney. Ultimately, and with the permission of the original authors, a highly modified version containing 41 items was developed and it was this instrument that was administered to the study sample. Exploratory factor analysis was used to establish a validity structure that resulted in the identification of 5 subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good fit with the revised model of 41 items and 5 subscales. The original 5F-Wel-T was composed of 5 subscales; Creative, Coping, Social, Essential, and Physical. The resulting Turkish adaptation generated a quite different set of subscales that were identified as Positive Self Esteem, Social Life, Control and Meaning of Life, Coping and Problem Solving, and Physical and Emotional Health. Stability and internal consistency reliabilities were determined during a subsequent study (n=131) with 6 th -9 th grade students. A Chronbach’s alpha coefficient for Total Wellness was . 86, subscale alphas ranging from . 52-. 62. Test-Retest reliability with a 21 day interval resulted in a reliability coefficient of . 84 for the total scale and subscale ranging from . 62-. 79. Although this study sought to adapt the 5F-Wel-T scale for use with a Turkish population, factor analysis revealed a substantially different factor structure. These findings resulted in a five factor model with different scale labels and the rational for this was discussed. This initial investigation suggests that this revised scale may have useful application for use with Turkish youth. Additional investigation with larger and more diverse samples was suggested. SUMMARY