Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the two-locus architecture of divergent pollinator adaptation: how variation in SAD paralogs affects fitness and evolutionary divergence in sexually deceptive orchids

Divergent selection by pollinators can bring about strong reproductive isolation via changes at few genes of large effect. This has recently been demonstrated in sexually deceptive orchids, where studies (1) quantified the strength of reproductive isolation in the field; (2) identified genes that appear to be causal for reproductive isolation; and (3) demonstrated selection by analysis of natural variation in gene sequence and expression. In a group of closely related Ophrys orchids, specific floral scent components, namely n-alkenes, are the key floral traits that control specific pollinator attraction by chemical mimicry of insect sex pheromones. The genetic basis of species-specific differences in alkene production mainly lies in two biosynthetic genes encoding stearoyl–acyl carrier protein desaturases (SAD) that are associated with floral scent variation and reproductive isolation between closely related species, and evolve under pollinator-mediated selection. However, the implications of this genetic architecture of key floral traits on the evolutionary processes of pollinator adaptation and speciation in this plant group remain unclear. Here, we expand on these recent findings to model scenarios of adaptive evolutionary change at SAD2 and SAD5, their effects on plant fitness (i.e., offspring number), and the dynamics of speciation. Our model suggests that the two-locus architecture of reproductive isolation allows for rapid sympatric speciation by pollinator shift; however, the likelihood of such pollinator-mediated speciation is asymmetric between the two orchid species O. sphegodes and O. exaltata due to different fitness effects of their predominant SAD2 and SAD5 alleles. Our study not only provides insight into pollinator adaptation and speciation mechanisms of sexually deceptive orchids but also demonstrates the power of applying a modeling approach to the study of pollinator-driven ecological speciation.
Central corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth measurement by Sirius® Scheimpflug tomography and ultrasound

Background The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the new Sirius® Scheimpflug anterior segment examination device for measurement of central corneal thickness (CCT) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) with that of CCT measurements obtained by ultrasound pachymetry and ACD measurements obtained by ultrasound biometry, respectively. Methods CCT and ACD was measured in 50 right eyes from 50 healthy subjects using a Sirius Scheimpflug camera, SP100 ultrasound pachymetry, and US800 ultrasound biometry. Results CCT measured with the Sirius was 546 ± 39 μm and 541 ± 35 μm with SP100 ultrasound pachymetry (P = 0.003). The difference was statistically significant (mean difference 4.68 ± 10.5 μm; limits of agreement −15.8 to 25.20 μm). ACD measured with the Sirius was 2.96 ± 0.3 mm compared with 3.36 ± 0.29 mm using US800 ultrasound biometry (P < 0.001). The difference was statistically significant (mean difference −0.40 ± 0.16 mm; limits of agreement −0.72 to 0.07 mm). When the ACD values obtained using ultrasound biometry were corrected according to the values for CCT measured by ultrasound, the agreement increased significantly between both technologies for ACD measurements (mean difference 0.15 ± 0.16 mm; limits of agreement −0.16 to 0.45 mm). Conclusion CCT and ACD measured by Sirius and ultrasound methods showing good agreement between repeated measurements obtained in the same subjects (repeatability) with either instrument. However, CCT and ACD values, even after correcting ultrasound ACD by subtracting the CCT value obtained with either technology should not be used interchangeably.
Constraints from 26Al Measurements on the Galaxy's Recent Global Star Formation Rate and Core-Collapse Supernovae Rate

Gamma rays from the decay of 26Al offer a stringent constraint on the Galaxy's global star formation rate over the past million years, supplementing other methods for quantifying the recent Galactic star formation rate, such as equivalent widths of Hα emission. Advantages and disadvantages of using 26Al gamma-ray measurements as a tracer of the massive star formation rate are analyzed. Estimates of the Galactic 26Al mass derived from COMPTEL measurements are coupled with a simple, analytical model of the 26Al injection rate from massive stars and restrict the Galaxy's recent star formation rate to 5 ± 4 M☉ yr-1. In addition, we show that the derived 26Al mass implies a present-day Type II + Ib supernovae rate of 3.4 ± 2.8 per century, which seems consistent with other independent estimates of the Galactic core-collapse supernova rate. If some independent measure of the massive star initial mass function or star formation rate or Type II + Ib supernovae rate were to become available (perhaps through estimates of the Galactic 60Fe mass), then a convenient way to restrain, or possibly determine, the other parameters is presented.
Perceived Employability of Nonlocal Chinese University Students in Hong Kong

Perceived employability has been found to be related to the career development and well-being of both working adults and university students. In a first initiative to examine perceived employability among nonlocal Chinese university students, we collected data from a sample of 246 graduating students who had come from Mainland China to study in Hong Kong. After controlling for demographic variables and migration intentions, we found that perceived employability was explained by career exploration, relational support, acculturative hassles, and the assimilation strategy of acculturation. Career exploration was also found to mediate the relationship between the assimilation strategy of acculturation and perceived employability. We discuss the implications of these findings for theory building and career guidance practices regarding the perceived employability and career guidance of nonlocal and international Chinese students.
FINITARY REDUCIBILITY ON EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS

Abstract We introduce the notion of finitary computable reducibility on equivalence relations on the domain ω. This is a weakening of the usual notion of computable reducibility, and we show it to be distinct in several ways. In particular, whereas no equivalence relation can be ${\rm{\Pi }}_{n + 2}^0$ -complete under computable reducibility, we show that, for every n, there does exist a natural equivalence relation which is ${\rm{\Pi }}_{n + 2}^0$ -complete under finitary reducibility. We also show that our hierarchy of finitary reducibilities does not collapse, and illustrate how it sharpens certain known results. Along the way, we present several new results which use computable reducibility to establish the complexity of various naturally defined equivalence relations in the arithmetical hierarchy.
Gene detection and toxin production evaluation of hemolysin BL of Bacillus cereus isolated from milk and dairy products marketed in Brazil

Bacillus cereusis an ubiquitous, spore-forming bacteria that can survive pasteurization and the majority of the heating processes used in the dairy industry. Besides, it is a pathogen responsible for different types of food poisoning. One type of foodborne disease caused by B.cereusis the diarrheal syndrome, which is caused by the ingestion of vegetative cells producing toxins in the small intestine. One virulence factor for the diarrheal syndrome is the toxin hemolysin BL (HBL), a three-component protein formed by the L1, L2 and B components. In order to evaluate the presence of diarrheal strains isolated from milk and dairy products, 63 B. cereus isolates were obtained from 260 samples of UHT milk, pasteurized milk and powdered milk, sold in commercial establishments and from different brands. The isolates were subjected to the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the detection of the encoding genes for the L1, L2 and B components and the toxin production capacity were evaluated with an immunoassay. A total of 23 [36.5%] isolates were identified carrying simultaneously the three tested genes, from which, 20 [86.9%] showed toxigenic capacity. 26 [41.3%] isolates did not carry any of genes tested and the other 14 [22.2%] were positive for one or two of them. The results showed a high toxigenic capacity among the B. cereus isolates able to produce the HBL, indicating a potential risk for consumers.
Subject expression in L2 Spanish: Convergence of generative and usage-based perspectives?

The extensive literature on subject expression in Spanish makes for rich comparisons between generative (formal) and usage-based (functional) approaches to language acquisition. This article explores how the problem of subject expression has been conceptualized within each research tradition, as well as unanswered questions that both approaches must consider in order to strengthen and refine their positions. The discussion focuses on convergence between the approaches, which stems from the contemporary interest in the syntax–pragmatics interface and some methodological overlap that results from a joint focus on discourse data.
A comprehensive nbody study of mass segregation in star clusters: energy equipartition and escape

We address the dynamical evolution of an isolated self-gravitating system with two stellar mass groups. We vary the individual ratio of the heavy to light bodies, μ from 1.25 to 50 and alter also the fraction of the total heavy mass M h from 5 to 40 per cent of the whole cluster mass. Clean-cut properties of the cluster dynamics are examined, like core collapse, the evolution of the central potential, as well as escapers. We present in this work collisional N-body simulations, using the high-order integrator NBODY6++ with up to Ν * = 2 x 10 4 particles improving the statistical significancy of the lower-N * simulations by ensemble averages. Equipartition slows down the gravothermal contraction of the core slightly. Beyond a critical value of μ ≈ 2, no equipartition can be achieved between the different masses; the heavy component decouples and collapses. For the first time, the critical boundary between Spitzer-stable and Spitzer-unstable systems is demonstrated in direct N-body models. We also present the measurements of the Coulomb logarithm and discuss the relative importance of the evaporation and ejection of escapers.
Exploring Microsimulation methodologies for the estimation of household attributes

Microsimulation is a rapidly expanding area of spatial modelling, which seems to offer great potential for applied policy analysis. However, currently there is considerable debate on the most appropriate methodology for estimating micro-data. Household or individual attribute data can be represented both as lists and/or as tabulations. It has long been argued (Birkin and Clarke, 1995; Clarke, 1996; Williamson et al, 1998) that the representation of information on households and individuals in the form of lists offers greater efficiency of storage and spatial flexibility as well as an ability to update and forecast. This paper reviews the possibilities and methodologies of building list-based population micro-data for small areas. First, it evaluates the methods, which have been developed and employed so far for the estimation of population micro-data, outlining the advantages and drawbacks of each one of them. Then the paper investigates the comparison of methods for generating conditional probabilities by statistical matching techniques or by using probabilities directly from household data sets such as the Samples of Anonymised Records (SARs) and the Small Area Statistics (SAS) from the UK Census of population. In addition, it explores the combination of these methods in a microsimulation framework and presents micro-data outputs from a local labour market microsimulation model for Leeds. Finally, it highlights the difficulties of calibrating this kind of model and of validating the model outputs, given the absence of suitable observed statistics.
Derivative Compressive Sampling with Application to Inverse Problems and Imaging

In many practical problems in applied sciences, the features of most interest cannot be observed directly, but have to be inferred from other, observable quantities. In particular, many important data acquisition devices provide an access to the measurement of the partial derivatives of a feature of interest rather than sensing its values in a direct way. In this case, the feature has to be recovered through integration which is known to be an ill-posed problem in the presence of noises. Moreover, the problem becomes even less trivial to solve when only a portion of a complete set of partial derivatives is available. In this case, the instability of numerical integration is further aggravated by the loss of information which is necessary to perform the reconstruction in a unique way. As formidable as it may seem, however, the above problem does have a solution in the case when the partial derivatives can be sparsely represented in the range of a linear transform. In this case, the derivatives can be recovered from their incomplete measurements using the theory of compressive sampling (aka compressed sensing), followed by reconstruction of the associated feature/object by means of a suitable integration method. It is known, however, that the overall performance of compressive sampling largely depends on the degree of sparsity of the signal representation, on the one hand, and on the degree of incompleteness of data, on the other hand. Moreover, the general rule is the sparser the signal representation is, the fewer measurements are needed to obtain a useful approximation of the true signal. Thus, one of the most important questions to be addressed in such a case would be of how much incomplete the data is allowed to be for the signal reconstruction to remain useful, and what additional constraints/information could be incorporated into the estimation process to improve the quality of reconstruction in the case of extremely undersampled data. With these questions in mind, the present proposal introduces a way to augment the standard constraints of compressive sampling by additional information related to some natural properties of the signal to be recovered. In particular, in the case when the latter is defined to be the partial derivatives of a multidimensional signal (e.g. image), such additional information can be derived from some standard properties of the gradient operator. Consequently, the resulting scheme of derivative compressive sampling (DCS)
A dialectic procedure for sceptical, assumption-based argumentation

We present a procedure for computing the sceptical “deal semantics” for argumentation in assumption-based frameworks. This semantics was first proposed for logic programming in [1], extending the well-founded semantics. The proof procedure is defined by means of a form of dispute derivations, obtained by modifying the dispute derivations given in [2] for computing credulous admissible argumentation. The new dispute derivations are sound for the “ideal semantics” in all cases where the dispute derivations of [2] are complete for admissible argumentation. We prove that this is the case for the special kind of assumption-based frameworks with a finite underlying language and with the property of being “p-acyclic”.
Temporal Cortex Activation in Humans Viewing Eye and Mouth Movements

We sought to determine whether regions of extrastriate visual cortex could be activated in subjects viewing eye and mouth movements that occurred within a stationary face. Eleven subjects participated in three to five functional magnetic resonance imaging sessions in which they viewed moving eyes, moving mouths, or movements of check patterns that occurred in the same spatial location as the eyes or mouth. In each task, the stimuli were superimposed on a radial background pattern that continually moved inward to control for the effect of movement per se. Activation evoked by the radial background was assessed in a separate control task. Moving eyes and mouths activated a bilateral region centered in the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS). The moving check patterns did not appreciably activate the STS or surrounding regions. The activation by moving eyes and mouths was distinct from that elicited by the moving radial background, which primarily activated the posterior-temporal-occipital fossa and the lateral occipital sulcus—a region corresponding to area MT/V5. Area MT/V5 was also strongly activated by moving eyes and to a lesser extent by other moving stimuli. These results suggest that a superior temporal region centered in the STS is preferentially involved in the perception of gaze direction and mouth movements. This region of the STS may be functionally related to nearby superior temporal regions thought to be involved in lip-reading and in the perception of hand and body movement.
Investigation of the Strategies to Promote Teachers Creativity through the Educational Principals of Education Department of Razan City of Iran

The objective of the study was investigation of the strategies to promote teachers creativity through the educational principals of Razan Education Department. The study population includes all teachers in the education department of Razan city. Sample of the study consists of 333 teachers, men (210) and women (123). The sample size was determined using table of Krejcie and Morgan and the sample was randomly selected. In order to gather the necessary information related to the objectives, Randsip creativity questionnaire, Rensis Likert‘s management style questionnaire and the researchers self-developed questionnaire were used. To analyze the collected data, descriptive statistics, regression analysis, t-test and ANOVA test were used. The results of analysis indicated that the manager's performance in some areas, can predict teachers’ creativity. The results showed that the autocratic management style negatively and significantly predicts teachers' creativity. While; the consultative and participative styles of management can positively and significantly predict creativity. The results also showed that gender and field of study have effects on teachers’ creativity and education variables, work experience, teaching grade did not have any significant effect on the creativity.
Praca emocjonalna a wypalenie zawodowe u nauczycieli: moderująca rola inteligencji emocjonalnej

The article presents results of a study conducted on the sample of 168 teachers in which the relationship between two types of emotional labor (surface acting and deep acting) and burnout was analyzed. Additionally, the study sought to identify the role of emotional intelligence in this relationship. The results indicated that the relationships between two types emotional labor and burnout were comparable, no matter which type of labor was taken into account. Emotional intelligence turned out to be the moderator of these relationships – the positive relation of surface acting to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, as well as its negative relation to personal accomplishment disappeared in the group of subjects characterized by high emotional intelligence. Similar pattern of results was found in case of deep acting and depersonalization.
A robust watermarking system based on SVD compression

Digital watermarking can be used to protect the intellectual property for multimedia data. In this paper, we introduce an image watermarking scheme based on the SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) compression. In particular, we divide the cover image into blocks and apply the SVD to each block; the watermark is embedded in all the non-zero singular values according to the local features of the cover image so as to balance embedding capacity with distortion. The watermarking system we propose is robust against typical attacks, including low-pass and high-pass filtering, as evaluated by the Checkmark benchmarking tool [19].
A Spectroscopic Survey of Metallic Species Abundances in theLunar

2 Abstract. We present the rst results of an ongoing eeort to search for new species in the lunar atmosphere. We discuss our observations in terms of the degree to which atomic metal abundances in the lunar atmosphere are stoichiometric, that is, proportional to surface abundances (as the Na:K ratio is). Na and K are the only atmospheric constituents to have been observed from Earth, but Apollo sample returns established that a variety of species are more abundant in the lunar surface than either Na or K Taylor 1982]. Simple stoichiometric arguments predict that relatively abundant lunar surface constituents such as Si, Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Ti should be more abundant in the lunar atmosphere than either Na or K. Using the 2.7 m coud e and the 2.1 m cassegrain echelle spectrographs at the University of Texas McDonald Observatory, we investigated this hypothesis by searching for solar resonant scattering lines of nine metallic species between 3700 and 9700 A. Spectra were taken 20 arcsec above the subsolar limb of the Moon near quarter phase on 30 July 1994 and 10-12 March 1995. Upper limits were obtained for the rst time for the abundant lunar surface species Si, Al, Ca, Fe, and Ti, as well as Ba and the alkalis Li, Rb, and Cs. In the cases of Si, Ca, Fe, and Ti, the derived upper limits are more than an order of magnitude lower than the simple stoichiometric model predicts. The upper limits for Li and Al are less constraining. Our Ba, Rb, and Cs upper limits lead us to conclude that those species are not stoichiometrically overabundant above our detection threshold in the atmosphere. We conclude that the stoichiometric Na:K ratio is peculiar in that the mechanism(s) that produce the lunar Na and K atmosphere somehow favor those atomic species over many more or comparably abundant lunar surface species.
The Role of Internal Health Locus of Control in Relation to Self-Rated Health in Older Adults

ABSTRACT The present study examined how internal health locus of control is associated with older adults’ self-rated health. Multivariate analyses with older participants (aged ≥ 60) in the MIDUS II (n = 1,533) showed that internal health locus of control was not only directly associated with positive ratings of health but also interacted with gender and race. The positive impact of internal health locus of control on self-rated health was particularly greater in females and Whites than their counterparts. Findings highlight the important role of internal health locus of control in the psychological mechanism of health and call attention to group-specific strategies for health promotion.
Opportunities to Practice What is Locally Valued: An Ecocultural Perspective on Quality in Family Child Care Homes

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Drawing from cultural approaches to human development (Rogoff, 2003; Weisner, 2002, 2005) and cognition (Quinn & Holland, 1987), this article presents a working model and theory of change for quality in family child care by defining quality as the alignment of children’s opportunities for learning and development with locally relevant ideals or cultural models. Providers—as the people responsible for organizing children’s day-to-day activity—are conceptualized as the agents of change, and daily routine activities are the primary targets for quality improvement efforts. Sustainability, or how much daily routines fit with the conditions and meaning for participants in a setting, is hypothesized to moderate the impact of experiences in family child care on children’s long-term development. Each component of the model is presented with supporting evidence from published and pilot research. Practice or Policy: Quality ratings capturing alignment between what is valued and done can better incorporate diversity in stakeholders’ ideas about what matters for children and can offer parents and providers more descriptive information about quality and how to maintain or improve it.