Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of excess methionine or lysine for broilers fed a corn-soybean meal diet.

Three experiments were conducted to examine the consequences of over-supplementing DL-Met or L-Lys (as L-Lys.HCl) in diets for chicks fed a corn-soybean meal diet (23% CP, 3,200 kcal MEn/kg, .2% supplemental Met) during 1 to 3 wk posthatching. New Hampshire x Columbian male chicks were used in Experiments 1 and 2 and Hubbard x Hubbard males were employed in Experiment 3. The basal diet was supplemented with . 5, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0% DL-Met, or . 4, . 8, 1.6, or 3.2% L-Lys in Experiment 1. Weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency decreased linearly at supplemental levels of DL-Met between 1.0 and 4.0%. Weight gain of chicks fed diets with supplemental L-Lys levels greater than 1.6% was less than that of chicks fed the basal diet, but feed efficiency was not significantly affected. Adding K2CO3 to the diets containing 1.6 or 3.2% added L-Lys did not improve performance. Experiment 2 evaluated the effect of 1) adding 1.0% Gly or 1.0% L-Thr to the diet supplemented with 2.0% DL-Met; and 2) adding NaHCO3 to the high-Lys diets in order to buffer the excess chloride provided by L-Lys.HCl. Addition of these amino acids or buffer ameliorated but did not totally correct the negative effects of excess Met or Lys. Experiment 3 examined the tolerance of commercial broilers to supplemental DL-Met or L-Lys levels of . 5 or 1.0%. Weight gain and feed efficiency were not affected by these excesses, but feed intake was reduced at the 1.0% level of inclusion of either amino acid. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aflatoxicosis in the laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

Abstract Dietary aflatoxins fed to 72 day old laying Japanese quail for six weeks at low levels of 2, 4, or 6 μg. /gm. of feed caused malperformances. There were changes in feed conversion, egg production, egg weight, hatchability, and exterior and interior quality of the eggs. Macroscopic pathological changes were mainly in the liver and the bile duct. The ultrastructure of the liver showed an extensive cytoplasmic hyperplasia of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum with extensive detachment of ribosomal particles from the membranes. Changes in mitochondria and their cristae were observed. Pathological alterations in the nuclear membrane, nucleous and in the chromatin material were prominent. Low levels of aflatoxins did cause a drastic decrease in the metabolic performances, especially during the second and third weeks. Pathological alterations in the liver parenchyma were observed.
Hatchability, hematological indices, and growth of turkey embryos incubated at high altitude with supplemented oxygen during the first and fourth weeks of incubation.

Turkey eggs were incubated at high altitude (1,700 m). Hatchability, hematology, and growth data were analyzed for the following treatments: 1) eggs receiving supplemented oxygen (SO) during the 1st wk of incubation (control eggs received no SO during the 1st wk); 2) eggs receiving SO during the 4th wk (control eggs received no SO during the 4th wk); and 3) the interaction effect of oxygen the 1st or 4th wk with SO the 1st and 4th wk or with no SO. Data analysis was carried out using orthogonal contrasts. Exposing incubating turkey embryos to oxygen the 1st wk or the 4th wk of incubation improved hatchability significantly (P less than or equal to .05) compared with the remaining treatments. When SO was given during the 4th wk of incubation, hemoglobin concentration in embryos decreased (p less than or equal to .05) during pipping compared with that of embryos without SO the 4th wk. Hemoglobin was increased (P less than or equal to .05) by increasing red blood cell numbers if SO was not given during Week 4, otherwise, the embryos increased (P less than or equal to .05) in mean cellular hemoglobin to increase hemoglobin. When oxygen was supplemented the 1st wk of incubation, reticulocyte maturation was slowed (P less than or equal to .05) compared with no SO the 1st wk. Oxygen exposure during the 1st wk or 4th wk of incubation reduced (P less than or equal to .05) body weights of embryos during pipping and at hatching compared with those of embryos in the remaining treatments. Oxygen supplementation during Week 4 affected (P less than or equal to .05) heart growth at the prenatal, internal pipping, and postnatal stages of respiration. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influence of age, dietary cholic acid, and calcium levels on performance, utilization of free fatty acids, and bone mineralization in broilers.

The effects of age on the utilization of dietary palmitic or a 50/50 mixture of palmitic and oleic acid at the 8% inclusion level in the absence or presence of . 2% cholic acid and also in the presence of low (.8%) or high (1.2%) calcium were investigated using broiler chicks from 1 to 56 days of age. Significant interactions (P less than .01) were observed between the type of fatty acid supplemented and the presence or absence of cholic acid on weight gain and feed efficiency. Supplementing diets with a mixture of equal weights of palmitic and oleic acid, reduced feed intake relative to control diets and diets supplemented with palmitic acid alone. There was an interaction between the age of the bird and the type of fatty acid supplemented on fat retention and metabolizable energy (ME) of diets (P less than .01). There was also a significant interaction between the type of fatty acid supplemented and the addition of cholic acid on fat retention and ME of diets. While cholic acid reduced soap formation during the process of digestion (P less than .05), increasing dietary calcium level increased the proportion of the digesta fat that was present as soap (P less than .01). The proportion of digesta and excreta fat, present as soap, depended on the type of fatty acid supplemented. The addition of free fatty acids to broiler diets resulted in a decrease in bone ash and bone calcium content relative to those birds fed the control diet. It is concluded that the ability of broilers to utilize dietary free fatty acids depends on the age at which they are fed, although in all cases supplemental cholic acid enhances fatty acid utilization.
A heat-resistant emulsifying sizing agent for carbon fibers

The performance of a heat-resistant sizing agent, composed of thermoplastic polyimide GCPI TM and thermosetting epoxy 618, for carbon fibers was investigated by thermal analysis, granularity analysis, acid-alkali-titration, contact angle, and interfacial shear strength tests. It was shown that the composite emulsion has an excellent stability, is acid and alkali resistant and has a small particle size with a narrow distribution. The wettability of the emulsion to the surface of the carbon fibers can be improved by using a poly(ethylene oxide) alkyl ether surfactant. The sized carbon fibers have an improved wear resistance. The interfacial shear strength of sized carbon fibers with bismaleimide resin QY8911 shows an increase of 97% compared with that of unsized fibers. In addition, the interfacial shear strength of sized carbon fibers at 350℃ is 75.62% of the value at room temperature.
Interface behavior between carbon-fiber polymer and sand

Interface shear strength between soil and structural materials is dependent on the confining pressure. To increase the confining pressure, different methods of reinforcement and materials, such as carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) can be used. The shear strength of CFRP-improved soil is dependent on the interface properties of the soil and CFRP. The objective of this study is to investigate the interface properties (friction angle and adhesion) of sand and FRP experimentally using the direct shear test apparatus. To increase the surface roughness to improve the interface properties, a layer of sand was placed on saturated carbon fiber during the curing period [spark plasma sintering CFRP (SPSCFRP)] and normal stress was applied on the sand. More than 60 interface shear tests were conducted with different curing times, shear rates, and normal stresses on SPSCFRP during curing time. Tests showed that as normal stress on SPSCFRP during curing time increased, the friction angle increased; however, increasing the curing times and the rate of shearing had a small influence on interface properties.
Preliminary observations on northern fowl mite infestations on estrogenized roosters and in relation to initial egg production in hens.

Treatment of normal male Leghorn chickens with doses of estradiol ranging from . 1 to 1.0 mg per week caused only a slight increase in resistance to infestation with northern fowl mites. The resistance phenomenon did not increase linearly with estradiol dose. Pullets were initially resistant to mite infestation; however, susceptibility was noted to increase markedly near the time of initial egg-production. These data indicate that sex hormones may be related to mite resistance in chickens, but that estrogen alone is probably not responsible for the difference in mite susceptibility between male and female birds.
Effects of a Hybrid Online and In-Person Training Program Designed to Reduce Alcohol Sales to Obviously Intoxicated Patrons.

OBJECTIVE Overservice of alcohol (i.e., selling alcohol to intoxicated patrons) continues to be a problem at bars and restaurants, contributing to serious consequences such as traffic crashes and violence. We developed a training program for managers of bars and restaurants, eARM™, focusing on preventing overservice of alcohol. The program included online and face-to-face components to help create and implement establishment-specific policies. METHOD We conducted a large, randomized controlled trial in bars and restaurants in one metropolitan area in the midwestern United States to evaluate effects of the eARM program on the likelihood of selling alcohol to obviously intoxicated patrons. Our outcome measure was pseudo-intoxicated purchase attempts-buyers acted out signs of intoxication while attempting to purchase alcohol-conducted at baseline and then at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after training. We conducted intention-to-treat analyses on changes in purchase attempts in intervention (n = 171) versus control (n = 163) bars/restaurants using a Time × Condition interaction, as well as planned contrasts between baseline and follow-up purchase attempts. RESULTS The overall Time × Condition interaction was not statistically significant. At 1 month after training, we observed a 6% relative reduction in likelihood of selling to obviously intoxicated patrons in intervention versus control bars/restaurants. At 3 months after training, this difference widened to a 12% relative reduction; however, at 6 months this difference dissipated. None of these specific contrasts were statistically significant (p = .05). CONCLUSIONS The observed effects of this enhanced training program are consistent with prior research showing modest initial effects followed by a decay within 6 months of the core training. Unless better training methods are identified, training programs are inadequate as the sole approach to reduce overservice of alcohol.
Modulating Vaccinia Virus Immunomodulators to Improve Immunological Memory

The increasing frequency of monkeypox virus infections, new outbreaks of other zoonotic orthopoxviruses and concern about the re-emergence of smallpox have prompted research into developing antiviral drugs and better vaccines against these viruses. This article considers the genetic engineering of vaccinia virus (VACV) to enhance vaccine immunogenicity and safety. The virulence, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of VACV strains engineered to lack specific immunomodulatory or host range proteins are described. The ultimate goal is to develop safer and more immunogenic VACV vaccines that induce long-lasting immunological memory.
Optimization of a VOC Sensor with a Bilayered Diaphragm Using FBAR as Strain Sensing Elements

Film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) are widely applied in mass bio-sensing and pressure sensors, owing to their extreme sensitivity and integration ability, and ability to miniaturize circuits. A volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor with a polymer-coated diaphragm, using FBARs as a strain sensing element is proposed and optimized. This vapor sensor is based on organic vapor-induced changes of mechanical deformation of the micro-diaphragm. The four FBARs are located at the edge of the bi-layer diaphragm comprising silicon nitride and silicon oxide for strain extraction. In this work, the strain distribution of the FBAR area under vapor loads is obtained using the finite element analysis (FEA) and the response frequency changes of the FBARs under vapor loads are obtained based on both the first-principle methods to deduce the elastic coefficient variation of aluminum nitride film in FBARs under the bending stresses and the Mason equivalent circuit model of the sensor using ADS software. Finally, optimizations are performed on both the bilayered diaphragm structure and sensing film. The diaphragm with a 0.7 μm silicon nitride layer and a 0.5 μm silicon oxide layer are considered to be the optimized design. The optimal coverage area of the sensing film for the diaphragm is around 0.8.
Reflective Polyethylene Mulch Reduces Mexican Bean Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Densities and Damage in Snap Beans

Abstract Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, is a serious pest of snap beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. , in the eastern United States. These beetles are intolerant to direct sunlight, explaining why individuals are typically found on the undersides of leaves and in the lower portion of the plant canopy. We hypothesized that snap beans grown on reflective, agricultural polyethylene (plastic mulch) would have fewer Mexican bean beetles and less injury than those grown on black plastic or bare soil. In 2014 and 2015, beans were seeded into beds of metallized, white, and black plastic, and bare soil, in field plots near Blacksburg, VA. Mexican bean beetle density, feeding injury, predatory arthropods, and snap bean yield were sampled. Reflected light intensity, temperature, and humidity were monitored using data loggers. Pyranometer readings showed that reflected light intensity was highest over metallized plastic and second highest over white plastic; black plastic and bare soil were similarly low. Temperature and humidity were unaffected by treatments. Significant reductions in Mexican bean beetle densities and feeding injury were observed in both metallized and white plastic plots compared to black plastic and bare soil, with metallized plastic having the fewest Mexican bean beetle life stages and injury. Predatory arthropod densities were not reduced by reflective plastic. Metallized plots produced the highest yields, followed by white. The results of this study suggest that growing snap beans on reflective plastic mulch can suppress the incidence and damage of Mexican bean beetle, and increase yield in snap beans.
Immunity to Pasteurella multocida in protein-deficient chickens.

Studies were conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein restriction on the humoral immunity (HI) and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) of chickens. New Hampshire chickens were separated into two dietary treatment groups: basal, containing 3,200 kcal/kg and 21% protein; or protein restricted (PR), containing 3,200 kcal/kg and 7% protein. In studies involving HI, half of the birds in each dietary treatment were vaccinated against fowl cholera at 4 and 8 wk of age. Blood samples were collected weekly beginning at 4 wk of age. Overall, unvaccinated birds had lower titers than vaccinated birds and PR groups generally showed lower titers than basal groups. All birds were challenged by palatine cleft inoculation of live, virulent Strain X-73 of Pasteurella multocida. The vaccinated PR group survived live challenge as well as the vaccinated basal group, but all unvaccinated birds died as a result of the challenge, regardless of antibody titer. In studies involving CMI, half of the birds in each dietary treatment were vaccinated at 5 wk of age. At 2 to 3 wk postvaccination, representative birds from each treatment were bled for total and differential blood counts. Also, birds were sacrificed and spleen cells collected. Cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium with phytohemagglutinin-M (PHA-M), sonicated P. multocida (X-73), or RPMI only. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The effect of 808 nm diode laser irradiation on shear bond strength of composite bonded to dentin before and after bonding

Objectives: As bonding ability to tooth surface is an important factor in durability of composite restorations, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of 808 nm diode laser irradiation with different power outputs on the shear bond strength of composite bonded to the dentin before and after applying the bonding agent. Materials and Methods: A total of 35 healthy third molars were mounted in acrylic resin in a way that each molar had two test sites and divided into seven groups of 10 each. In the control group, the bonding agent was used without laser application. An 808 nm diode laser with different power outputs of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 W for a duration of 20 s was irradiated perpendicularly to the dentin surfaces in three of the experimental groups before and in the other three groups after applying the bonding agent. After composite cylinders had been adhered, they were examined to determine their shear bond strength. Results: According to the least significant difference test, the bond strength mean significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.001) and in all laser power outputs, the mean bond strength was significantly higher in the groups for which laser was irradiated before applying the bonding agent than the groups for which laser was irradiated after applying the adhesive (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Considering the higher bond strength in the control group, it seems that applying laser does not increase the bond strength of composite to the dentin.
Feature and Score Fusion Based Multiple Classifier Selection for Iris Recognition

The aim of this work is to propose a new feature and score fusion based iris recognition approach where voting method on Multiple Classifier Selection technique has been applied. Four Discrete Hidden Markov Model classifiers output, that is, left iris based unimodal system, right iris based unimodal system, left-right iris feature fusion based multimodal system, and left-right iris likelihood ratio score fusion based multimodal system, is combined using voting method to achieve the final recognition result. CASIA-IrisV4 database has been used to measure the performance of the proposed system with various dimensions. Experimental results show the versatility of the proposed system of four different classifiers with various dimensions. Finally, recognition accuracy of the proposed system has been compared with existing N hamming distance score fusion approach proposed by Ma et al., log-likelihood ratio score fusion approach proposed by Schmid et al., and single level feature fusion approach proposed by Hollingsworth et al.
The effect of heat exposure on plasma uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, chloride, total protein and zinc of the broiler.

Abstract The Technicon sequential multiple analysis system was used to measure plasma uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, chloride, and total protein of 8 week old broilers exposed for 4 weeks and 9 week old broilers exposed for 4 hours to both 18–22°C. and 33–35°C. Broilers exposed for 4 weeks to 18–22°C. had a significant higher (P
CD36 is upregulated in mice with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome and involved in macrophage gene upregulation by palmitate.

BACKGROUND We reported that high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) exacerbates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated periodontitis and palmitate, the major saturated fatty acid in the HFD, amplified LPS-stimulated gene expression in vitro. As CD36 is a major receptor for fatty acids, we investigated periodontal CD36 expression in mice with periodontitis and MetS, and the role of CD36 in inflammatory gene expression in macrophages stimulated by palmitate. METHODS MetS and periodontitis were induced in mice by HFD and periodontal injection of LPS, respectively. The periodontal CD36 expression and its relationship with alveolar bone loss were studied using immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and correlation analysis. The role of CD36 in upregulation of inflammatory mediators by LPS and palmitate in macrophages was assessed using pharmacological inhibitor and small interfering RNA. RESULTS Periodontal CD36 expression was higher in mice with both MetS and periodontitis than that in mice with periodontitis or MetS alone and was correlated with osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone loss. In vitro studies showed that CD36 expression in macrophages was upregulated by LPS and palmitate, and targeting CD36 attenuated palmitate-enhanced gene expression. CONCLUSION CD36 expression is upregulated in mice with periodontitis and MetS and involved in gene expression in macrophages stimulated by palmitate and LPS.
Calcium supplementation of hen drinking water.

Two experiments with White Leghorn hens (42 and 56 wk old, respectively) examined the effects of calcium supplementation through drinking water in the presence of adequate and inadequate dietary calcium. Each experiment was of 28 d duration with six replicate pens of five individually caged hens in each treatment. Treatments were a combination of either 2.25 or 3.5% dietary calcium coupled with tap water or water supplemented with . 2% calcium from calcium lactate. In both studies, specific gravity of eggs was significantly improved when low dietary calcium was supplemented with . 2% calcium in the drinking water. Egg production and egg weight were not influenced by waterborne calcium. Daily water intake was reduced by calcium lactate in all cases. Feed consumption was also depressed by waterborne calcium in both studies when 3.5% dietary calcium was given, and in Experiment 1 when 2.25% was fed. Waterborne calcium as calcium lactate was found to be effectively utilized for eggshell quality improvement when dietary sources were inadequate.
Chronotropic incompetence can limit exercise tolerance in COPD patients with lung hyperinflation

Purpose Metabolic-chronotropic relationship is the only concept that assesses the entire chronotropic function during exercise, as it takes into account individual fitness. To better understand interrelationships between chronotropic incompetence (CI), dynamic hyperinflation (DH) and exercise limitation among Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) disease severity, we evaluated cardiopulmonary responses to symptom-limited cycle exercise in stable patients. Patients and methods We prospectively studied 47 COPD patients classified by GOLD stage severity. Pulmonary function tests and cardiopulmonary responses to symptom-limited incremental exercise were studied. CI was defined by regression line between percent heart rate (HR) reserve and percent oxygen uptake (V’O2) reserve, ie, chronotropic-metabolic index (CMI). DH was defined from the knot resulting from the nonlinear regressions of inspiratory capacity changes from rest to peak (dynamic inspiratory capacity (ICdyn)) with percentage of maximal HR and CMI. Results Aerobic capacity (median interquartile ranges) peak V’O2, 24.3 (23.6; 25.2), 18.5 (15.5; 21.8), 17.5 (15.4; 19.1) mL·kg−1·min−1 and CMI worsened according to GOLD severity. The optimal knot of ICdyn was equal to −0.34 L. The multivariate logistic regression showed a strong relationship between CI (outcome) and DH (odds ratio [confidence interval 95]) 25 (3.5; 191.6). Conclusion COPD patients with DH have a poor cardiovascular response to exercise, which may be attributed to CI.