Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in Anti-Nutrients Contents of Edible Vegetables Under Varied Temperature and Heating Time

Three edible vegetables, Pterocarpus mildbraedii (mkpafere), Lasianthera africanum (editan) and Piper guineense (odusa) consumed by people of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were purchased from Akpan Andem market in Uyo, the State capital. The vegetables were analysed for the presence of anti-nutrients (HCN, tannin, phytate and oxalate), and the effect of heating at 50 °C for 5 minutes, 90 °C for 5 minutes and 90 °C for 15 minutes in water. Tannins among the anti-nutrients, recorded highest level for all vegetables. At 50 °C for 5 minutes, HCN, tannin, phytate, total oxalate and soluble oxalate respectively, reduced by 17.6%, 9.1%, 11.0%, 9.5% and 23.8% (Pterocarpus mildbraedii), 13.9%, 6.1%, 1.4%, 13.8% and 13.0% (Lasianthera africanum), and 14.1%, 35.1%, 5.8%, 15.4% and 22.2% (Piper guineense). The percentage reductions for HCN, tannin, phytate, total oxalate and soluble oxalate were 23.6%, 53.4%, 25.5%, 56.2% and 52.4% (Pterocarpus mildbraedii), 43.5%, 25.0%, 51.8%, 37.9% and 52.2% (Lasianthera africanum), 50.0%, 51.9%, 40.2%, 23.0% and 33.3% (Piper guineense) respectively, after heating at 90 °C for 15 minutes. The study revealed reduction of anti-nutrients on heating; and 90 °C as optimum temperature, with heating time of not less than 15 minutes for processing the vegetables.
2016 Fifth International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Technology Techniques of Measurement for Parkinson's Tremor Highlighting Advantages of Embedded Imu over Emg

—For Parkinson's disease (PD) detection at its best, early diagnosis of the disorder is the key criteria to be focused [5]. Tremors are one of the primary characteristics of PD [11][13]. The paper presents some of the effective biomechanical techniques that can aid in measuring PD tremors with a high grade of accuracy and sensitivity. The paper describes the application of salient tracking tools like magnetic trackers and optical markers, electrical diagnostic practices like Electromyogram (EMG) and the use of Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based inertial sensor modules(a combination of 3 axes accelerometer + 3 axes gyroscope) to record movement. The IMU and electrodes were suitably mounted on the hands of subjects who were made to perform certain pre-defined actions to record the wrist movement and electrical activity simultaneously. The ability of a subject to precisely follow a pre-defined task's motion trajectory is a crucial indicator of tremor. In this paper we study two techniques of trajectory measurement, in terms of the accuracy of measurement of the slightest deviations from a prescribed trajectory. It is shown that an IMU based motion tracking is more accurate than that tracked by EMG sensors.
TCP with faster recovery

Among the problems affecting the current version of TCP are the slow recovery upon a coarse timeout expiration on long, fat pipes, and the reaction to random segment losses. Both problems are known to reduce the throughput of a connection. We propose and evaluate the merits of a class of TCP modifications obtained through a source-based estimate of the available bandwidth by measuring the rate of received ACKs. The estimated bandwidth is used to set the slow start threshold and the congestion window after a timeout or 3 duplicate ACKs. The goal is to allow sources to recover quickly after sporadic losses over high bandwidth-delay links. It is worth noting that only a slight modification of the protocol stack at the source is needed. In our algorithms, a TCP source estimates the bandwidth available to it using an exponential averaging. Whenever an ACK is received, the bandwidth estimate is updated based on the amount of data that clears the transmission buffer following the ACK reception, divided by the current RTT estimate. After a timeout or 3 duplicate ACKs, the available bandwidth estimate is used to reset the TCP congestion window and the slow start threshold. Simulation results show that TCP with "faster recovery" exhibits higher goodput than other flavors of TCP, notably TCP Reno and TCP SACK (selective acknowledgement) in specific scenarios.
A Study on the Relevance Criteria for Journalistic Images

Selecting and editing images for news are critical components in photojournalism professionals’ daily work routines. The aim of this study is to collect empirical data on photojournalism professionals’ image-searching behavior on relevance judgments. A multimethod research design for data collection was applied, including pretest questionnaires, task scenarios and posttest interviews. The study involves 30 participants from newspaper and magazine companies in New Jersey, New York, and Philadelphia. The results identify a total of 37 categories of relevance criteria applied by the participants when determining the relevance of images in the specific, general and subjective image searches. The findings show that there is a difference in using relevance criteria among the three searches. In the specific search, the participants relied more on visual content of the photos; in the general search, the participants needed to rely on personal feelings; while in the subjective search, the participants were more likely to use their knowledge and experience. It indicates that the process of relevance decision-making is situational. The results suggest that a more effective and efficient relevance feedback mechanism that enables a user to interact with the system and rate the relevance of the retrieved images during the retrieval process is necessary.
The network neutrality bot architecture: A preliminary approach for self-monitoring of Internet access QoS

The “network neutrality bot” (Neubot) is an evolving software architecture for distributed Internet access quality and network neutrality measurements. The core of this architecture is an open-source agent that ordinary users may install on their computers to gain a deeper understanding of their Internet connections. The agent periodically monitors the quality of service provided to the user, running background active transmission tests that emulate different application-level protocols. The results are then collected on a central server and made publicly available to allow constant monitoring of the state of the Internet by interested parties. In this article we describe how we enhanced Neubot architecture both to deploy a distributed broadband speed test and to allow the development of plug-in transmission tests. In addition, we start a preliminary discussion on the results we have collected in the first three months after the first public release of the software.
Current Efavirenz (EFV) or Ritonavir-Boosted Lopinavir (LPV/r) Use Correlates with Elevate Markers of Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Subjects in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy have shown elevated incidence of dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most studies, however, focus on cohorts from developed countries, with less data available for these co-morbidities in Ethiopia and sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Adult HIV-negative (n = 36), treatment naïve (n = 51), efavirenz (EFV)-treated (n = 91), nevirapine (NVP)-treated (n = 95), or ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r)-treated (n=44) subjects were recruited from Black Lion Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Aortic pressure, augmentation pressure, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured via applanation tonometry and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid arterial stiffness, and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were measured via non-invasive ultrasound. Body mass index, waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR), skinfold thickness, and self-reported fat redistribution were used to quantify lipodystrophy. CD4+ cell count, plasma HIV RNA levels, fasting glucose, total-, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, hsCRP, sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, leptin and complete blood count were measured. Results PWV and normalized cIMT were elevate and FMD impaired in EFV- and LPV/r-treated subjects compared to NVP-treated subjects; normalized cIMT was also elevated and FMD impaired in the EFV- and LPV/r-treated subjects compared to treatment-naïve subjects. cIMT was not statistically different across groups. Treated subjects exhibited elevated markers of dyslipidemia, inflammation, and lipodystrophy. PWV was associated with age, current EFV and LPV/r used, heart rate, blood pressure, triglycerides, LDL, and hsCRP, FMD with age, HIV duration, WHR, and glucose, and cIMT with age, current EFV use, skinfold thickness, and blood pressure. Conclusions Current EFV- or LPV/r-treatment, but not NVP-treatment, correlated with elevated markers of atherosclerosis, which may involve mechanisms distinct from traditional risk factors.
The W4 Model and Infrastructure for Context-aware Browsing The World

imminent mass deployment of pervasive computing technologies such as sensor networks and RFID tags, together with the increasing participation of the Web community in feeding geo-located information within tools such as Google Earth, will soon make available an incredible amount of information about the physical and social worlds and their processes. This opens up the possibility of exploiting all such information for the provisioning of pervasive context-aware services for " browsing the world " , i.e., for facilitating users in gathering information about the world, interacting with it, and understanding it. However, for this to occur, proper models and infrastructures must be developed. In this paper we propose a simple model for the representation of contextual information, the design and implementation of a general infrastructure for browsing the world, as well as some exemplar services we have implemented over it.
Mean heart dose variation over a course of breath-holding breast cancer radiotherapy

Objective: The purpose of the work was to estimate the dose received by the heart throughout a course of breath-holding breast radiotherapy. Methods: 113 cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans were acquired for 20 patients treated within the HeartSpare 1A study, in which both an active breathing control (ABC) device and a voluntary breath-hold (VBH) method were used. Predicted mean heart doses were obtained from treatment plans. CBCT scans were imported into a treatment planning system, heart outlines defined, images registered to the CT planning scan and mean heart dose recorded. Two observers outlined two cases three times each to assess interobserver and intraobserver variation. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between ABC and VBH heart dose data from CT planning scans, or in the CBCT-based estimates of heart dose, and no effect from the order of the breath-hold method. Variation in mean heart dose per fraction over the three imaged fractions was <6 cGy without setup correction, decreasing to 3.3 cGy with setup correction. If scaled to 15 fractions, all differences between predicted and estimated mean heart doses were <0.5 Gy and in 80% of cases, they were <0.25 Gy. Conclusion: Variation in mean heart dose was at an acceptable level over the duration of breath-holding radiotherapy and was well predicted by the planning system. Advances in knowledge: Mean heart dose was not adversely affected by fraction-to-fraction variations throughout a course of heart-sparing radiotherapy using two well-established breath-holding methods.
Depth Perception and Grasp in Central Field Loss

Purpose We set out to determine whether individuals with central field loss benefit from using two eyes to perform a grasping task. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that this advantage is correlated with coarse stereopsis, in addition to binocular summation indices of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and binocular visual field. Methods Sixteen participants with macular degeneration and nine age-matched controls placed pegs on a pegboard, while their eye and hand movements were recorded. Importantly, the pegboard was placed near eye height, to minimize the contribution of monocular cues to peg position. All participants performed this task binocularly and monocularly. Before the experiment, we performed microperimetry to determine the profile of field loss in each eye and the locations of eccentric fixation (if applicable). In addition, we measured both acuity and contrast sensitivity monocularly and binocularly, and stereopsis by using both a RanDot test and a custom stereo test. Results Peg-placement time was significantly shorter and participants made significantly fewer errors with binocular than with monocular viewing in both the patient and control groups. Among participants with measurable stereopsis, binocular advantage in peg-placement time was significantly correlated with stereoacuity (ρ = −0.78; P = 0.003). In patients without measurable stereopsis, the binocular advantage was related significantly to the overlap in the scotoma between the two eyes (ρ = −0.81; P = 0.032). Conclusions The high correlation between grasp performance and stereoacuity indicates that coarse stereopsis may benefit tasks of daily living for individuals with central field loss.
Lower Metal Enrichment of Virialized Gas in Minihalos

We differentiate between the metal enrichment of the gas in virialized minihalos and that of the intergalactic medium at high redshift, which is pertinent to cosmological reionization, with the initial expectation that gas in the high-density regions within formed dark matter halos may be more robust and thus resistant to mixing with the lower density intergalactic medium. Using detailed hydrodynamic simulations of gas clouds in minihalos subject to destructive processes associated with the encompassing intergalactic shocks carrying metal-enriched gas, we find, as an example, that, for realistic shocks with velocities of 10-100 km s−1, more than (90%, 65%) of the high-density gas with ρ ⩾ 500ρb inside a minihalo virialized at z = 10 with a mass of (107, 106) M☉, respectively, remains at a metallicity lower than 3% of that of the intergalactic medium by redshift z = 6. It may be expected that the high-density gas in minihalos will become fuel for subsequent star formation when they are incorporated into larger halos, where efficient atomic cooling can induce gas condensation and hence star formation. Since minihalos virialize at high redshift, when the universe is not expected to have been significantly reionized, the implication is that gas in virialized minihalos may provide an abundant reservoir of primordial gas that could possibly allow the formation of Population III metal-free stars to extend to much lower redshifts than would have been otherwise expected on the basis of the enrichment of the intergalactic medium.
Does Parental Mood or Efficacy Mediate the Influence of Environmental Chaos Upon Parenting Behavior?

Using repeated observational and questionnaire data from 57 infants and their parents, lower parental efficacy perceptions and higher parental negative mood states were evaluated as potential mediators to explain the adverse influence of environmental chaos on parenting. Factor analysis revealed noise- and crowding-chaos dimensions in the home. Higher scores on both chaos dimensions were related to less responsive and stimulating parenting. Home chaos was generally unrelated to parental ratings of distressed mood, but parents reported a lower sense of efficacy as noise level in home increased. However, our data did not support predicted links between measures of parenting and efficacy. The overall pattern of results indicates that neither parental mood nor efficacy appears to mediate relations between home chaos and parenting behavior.
Impression and Information Management: On the Strategic Self- Regulation of Innocent and Guilty Suspects

The aim of this study was to increase understanding of the psychology of deception by mapping the reasoning of guilty and innocent mock suspects who deny a transgression. Based on previous research, we proposed that suspects will engage in two major forms of regulation: impression management, which requires the purposeful control of nonverbal and demeanor cues; and information management which involves the regulation and manipulation of speech content to provide a statement of denial. We predicted that truth tellers and liars would both be engaged in impression management, but that that they would differ in the extent to which they will engage in information management. The results supported this prediction: liars and truth tellers reported planning demeanor to the same extent, but differed in the extent to which they reported planning the content of their statement. Self-reported strategies regarding nonverbal behavior were similar for liars and truth tellers, while strategies regarding information differed markedly.
Laminin is required to orient epithelial polarity in the C. elegans pharynx

The development of many animal organs involves a mesenchymal to epithelial transition, in which cells develop and coordinate polarity through largely unknown mechanisms. The C. elegans pharynx, which is an epithelial tube in which cells polarize around a central lumen, provides a simple system with which to understand the coordination of epithelial polarity. We show that cell fate regulators cause pharyngeal precursor cells to group into a bilaterally symmetric, rectangular array of cells called the double plate. The double plate cells polarize with apical localization of the PAR-3 protein complex, then undergo apical constriction to form a cylindrical cyst. We show that laminin, but not other basement membrane components, orients the polarity of the double plate cells. Our results provide in vivo evidence that laminin has an early role in cell polarity that can be distinguished from its later role in basement membrane integrity.
Depression detection using the derivative features of group delay and Delta phase spectrum

Using speech signal processing technology to detect depression arouses more and more interest recently. But even so, the source of feature extraction is only restricted in the amplitude representation and the important role of the phase, the other half part of signal information, has been ignored. It is the first time that this paper pays attention to the effectiveness of phase spectrum-based feature derived from group delay and Delta phase spectrum for depression detection. The experimental results demonstrate that Mel-Frequency Delta-phase(MFDP) can achieve the modest improvement over Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) in the female group testing with the accuracy of 82.94% and gender-independent tasks with the accuracy of 76.33%. In most cases, MFDP as the derivative feature of Delta phase spectrum is superior to those of group delay.
Sex Knowledge and Attitude Test

The Sex Knowledge and Attitude Test (SKAT) was devel­ oped as a means of gathering information about sexual at­ titudes, sexual knowledge, and degree of experience in a variety of sexual behaviors (Miller & Lief, 1979). It was hoped that the SKAT would be of value as a teaching aid in courses dealing with human sexuality and serve as a re­ search instrument for educators, social scientists, and health professionals. Since its publication in 1972, the SKAT has been administered to thousands of under­ graduate, graduate, nursing, and medical students and other health professionals. The test has been used in many countries and has been translated into a variety of lan-
IRIS RECOGNITION: CUMSUM BASED CPA APPROACH

—With increasing identity fraud and emphasis on security, there is a growing and urgent need to efficiently identify individuals. A biometric technology seems to be imminent method. Iris recognition is reliable and precise biometric system. This paper proposes an efficient iris recognition system with CUMSUM based CPA approach. The experimental results are conducted using CASIA Version 1.0 and CASIA –Interval Database which gives minimum EER of 0.088 with Correct Recognition Rate of 99.84%. The proposed method is reliable, efficient where overall computational complexity is reduced.
Asymmetric Information in Automobile Insurance: Evidence from Driving Behavior

Based on a unique data set of driving behavior we find direct evidence that private information has significant effects on contract choice and risk in automobile insurance. The number of car rides and the relative distance driven on weekends are significant risk factors. While the number of car rides and average speeding are negatively related to the level of liability coverage, the number of car rides and the relative distance driven at night are positively related to the level of first-party coverage. These results indicate multiple and counteracting effects of private information based on risk preferences and driving behavior.
Evaluating NextGen Closely Space Parallel Operations Concepts with Validated Human Performance Models

ii Executive Summary The objectives of the current research are to: develop valid human performance models (HPMs) of approach and land operations; use these models to evaluate the impact of NextGen Closely Spaced Parallel Operations (CSPO) on pilot performance; and draw conclusions regarding flight deck displays and pilot roles and responsibilities for NextGen CSPO concepts. This research represents the results of the first, of a two-year effort, in which the specific goals were to develop and validate baseline HPMs of current-day RNAV and NextGen CSPO approaches and conduct 'what-if " manipulations of off-nominal scenarios. Using NASA's Man Machine Integration Design and Analysis System v5 (MIDAS v5), a high-fidelity model of a two-pilot commercial crew flying current-day area navigation (RNAV) approach and land operations was developed. The model, containing over 970 individual pilot tasks, was based on cognitive task analyses and cognitive walkthroughs conducted with commercial pilots and air traffic controllers. The current-day RNAV model was validated using a methodical, multi-dimensional approach. The model inputs, including the task trace and input parameters, were validated using focus group sessions comprised of a total of 8 commercial pilots with glass-cockpit aircraft and RNAV flying experience. The pilot-centric scenario-based cognitive walkthrough approach captured the context of operations from 10,000' to Touchdown and enabled pilots to assess the modeled tasks and identify tasks that were missing, or in the wrong sequence. The pilots also completed quantitative rating scales, which were used to validate the model input parameters for workload and visual attention. The model was refined based on the results of this input validation process. Next the model outputs, workload and visual attention, of the refined model were statistically compared to existing human-in-the-loop data. The workload model output correlated with a comparable Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) study with r 2 of . 54 for overall workload. The individual workload dimensions also correlated positively with the HITL study with r 2 ranging from . 55 to . 94. Visual percent dwell time correlated with three HITL studies (r 2 = .99). These validation results provide confidence that the model validly represents pilot performance. Next, the validated baseline RNAV model was extended to represent the Very Closely Space Parallel Approach (VCSPA) concept developed and evaluated at NASA Ames Research Center. Two operational implementations of the VCSPA concept were evaluated: 1) VCSPA 800', with a 800' ceiling and manual flight after a DH of 650' and 2) VCSPA 200' with a 200' ceiling …