Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variegated privileges of whiteness: lived experiences of Polish nurses in Norway

The recent eastward enlargement of the European Union in 2004 and in 2007 has increased the cultural diversity within the borders of the union, and these expansions have spurred a rethinking about who belongs in Europe and how this belonging is defined. This study examines the ambivalent and partial incorporation of Polish nurses into the Norwegian nation. The analysis is based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews and participant observation during twelve months of fieldwork research in Oslo and Baerum and three months in Warsaw, as well as an analysis of Norwegian migration policies, statistics, and nurse recruitment documents. This article argues that whiteness studies, whose history is based in the USA and Britain, needs to take more thorough and specific account of the national and ethnic specificities on which its general claims have been based. The findings suggest that notions of variegated whiteness can be a valuable tool to investigate differential inclusion into the nation, and that Europeanne.
Oxygen Partial Pressure in Outer Layers of Skin of Human Finger Nail Folds

To gain insight into oxygen transport by the cutaneous microcirculation, we have developed oxygen‐sensitive microelectrodes (tip diameter ∼5 μm) to measure the distribution of PO2 in dermal papillae of the finger nail folds of healthy human subjects. Oxygen entry into the tissue was minimised by covering the skin with a layer of paraffin oil. The finger was held under a dissecting microscope and microelectrodes were guided into position. PO2 varied from 5–25 % of its atmospheric value, Pair (∼160 mmHg), depending on the location within the papilla. Along the axis of a papillary loop, PO2 decreased from 40.0 ± 4.8 mmHg (mean ±s.e.m., n= 6) at the base to 30.4 ± 5.2 mmHg (n= 6) at the tip. The lowest values of PO2, in the range of 5 % of Pair, were measured in the epidermis where the metabolism of cells was highest and the steepest PO2 gradients were recorded in the vicinity of the epidermal–dermal boundary. When the local circulation was abruptly reduced or stopped, PO2 fell exponentially with time, with a time constant of 8.4 ± 1.5 s (n= 7). When flow was reinstated, PO2 rose exponentially to a new value with a time constant of 4.8 ± 0.8 s (n= 6). The steady state PO2 following reperfusion was ∼23 % higher than the pre‐occlusion value (P < 0.05, ANOVA and two‐tailed Student's t test) indicating localised reactive hyperaemia.
Cost-Aware Path Planning Under Co-Safe Temporal Logic Specifications

This letter presents a path planning algorithm for generating a cost-efficient path that satisfies mission requirements specified in linear temporal logic (LTL). We assume that a cost function is defined over the configuration space. Examples of a cost function include hazard levels, wireless connectivity, and energy consumption, to name a few. The proposed method consists of two parts: sampling-based cost-aware path planning considering the vehicle dynamics based on rapidly-exploring random trees <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{(RRT}^{\ast }$</tex-math></inline-formula>), and a high-level logic which determines how to extend the RRT tree based on spatiotemporal specifications of an LTL formula. In order to find a low-cost trajectory with computational efficiency, the proposed method expands the RRT tree with long extensions using cross entropy, while the rewiring step of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{RRT}^{\ast }$</tex-math></inline-formula> is used to preserve the asymptotic optimality. In simulation and experiments, we show that the proposed method performs favorably compared to existing methods.
Re‐examining the consumptiveness concept: Some suggestions from a confirmatory factor analysis

Abstract This article re‐examines the concept of consumptiveness and its subdimensions. Consumptive elements in recreation experiences have been an important theme in human dimensions studies. Despite the fact that the consumptiveness concept is multidimensional, it has often been treated as unidimensional in the human dimensions literature. By using confirmatory factor analysis, this study evaluates previously suggested scale items and subdimensions of the concept of consumptiveness. It is concluded that much work remains to be done to establish a good consumptiveness inventory. Generally, several possible subdimensions of consumptiveness are not properly identified, nor are scale items sufficiently developed and tested. This study confirms a “General consumptiveness factor”; and further clarifies three independent and nested factors, namely “Eagerness to catch large fish,”; “Importance of catching something,”; and “Willingness to release fish. ”; The “Release”; factor was positively correlated with the “Large”; factor.
Shallow Semantic Processing of Text: An Individual-Differences Account

We used Barton and Sanford's (1993) anomaly detection task to investigate text processing differences between skilled and less-skilled readers. The results of 2 experiments showed that many readers had the tendency to process text in a shallow or incomplete manner, frequently failing to detect anomalous nouns or noun phrases (NPs) in text such as "Amanda was bouncing all over because she had taken too many tranquilizers (tranquilizing sedatives). " This finding suggests that not all readers are scrupulous about processing and integrating every word into their mental representation of the text, and will often assume coherence as a default, as long as there is sufficient global coherence. However, it was only the less-skilled readers who had particular difficulty noticing locally anomalous NPs such as tranquilizing stimulants, suggesting that less-skilled readers frequently fail to compute the local meaning of a NP prior to integrating it into the more global representation of the text.
EXCESS FLUORIDE INGESTION AND THYROID HORMONE DERANGEMENTS IN CHILDREN LIVING IN DELHI, INDIA

These findings indicate that children with or even without dental fluorosis from exposure to excess fluoride, either through drinking water or through other sources, may have thyroid hormone derangements that may not be clinically overt until late stages. Determining free T3, free T4, and TSH is therefore important for a proper diagnosis of potential health problems. Withdrawal from fluoride sources along with measures to correct the thyroid hormonal status may be necessary to promote better health in such children living in fluoride endemic areas.
Quelles données pour la recherche sur la pratique de l'ergonome ?

La modelisation de l’action ergonomique de transformation est devenue l’un des objets de la recherche en ergonomie. L’article discute les differents types de donnees qui peuvent etre recueillis par le chercheur pour aboutir a une « mise en recit » de l’intervention qui servira a argumenter les modelisations proposees. Ces donnees portent sur les hypotheses initiales des intervenants, les composantes formelles de la methodologie et la strategie d’implantation, la dynamique interne des composantes de l’intervention, la reflexion des intervenants en cours d’intervention, et les effets de l’intervention.
Rsu1 contributes to cell adhesion and spreading in MCF10A cells via effects on P38 map kinase signaling

The ILK, PINCH, Parvin (IPP) complex regulates adhesion and migration via binding of ILK to β1 integrin and α−parvin thus linking focal adhesions to actin cytoskeleton. ILK also binds the adaptor protein PINCH which connects signaling proteins including Rsu1 to the complex. A recent study of Rsu1 and PINCH1 in non-transformed MCF10A human mammary epithelial cells revealed that the siRNA-mediated depletion of either Rsu1 or PINCH1 decreased the number of focal adhesions (FAs) and altered the distribution and localization of FA proteins. This correlated with reduced adhesion, failure to spread or migrate in response to EGF and a loss of actin stress fibers and caveolae. The depletion of Rsu1 caused significant reduction in PINCH1 implying that Rsu1 may function in part by regulating levels of PINCH1. However, Rsu1, but not PINCH1, was required for EGF-induced activation of p38 Map kinase and ATF2 phosphorylation, suggesting a Rsu1 function independent from the IPP complex. Reconstitution of Rsu1-depleted cells with a Rsu1 mutant (N92D) that does not bind to PINCH1 failed to restore FAs or migration but did promote IPP-independent spreading and constitutive as well as EGF-induced p38 activation. In this commentary we discuss p38 activity in adhesion and how Rsu1 expression may be linked to Map kinase kinase (MKK) activation and detachment-induced stress kinase signaling.
Lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated responses in rat aortic endothelial cells by a systems biology approach

The vascular endothelium plays an important role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses to resist pathogens infection. Although it has been known that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical inducer of sepsis or endotoxemia, the systematic responses of LPS‐stimulation in endothelial cells (ECs) are still unclear. The present study aims to analyze the late‐phase responses of LPS‐induced rat aortic ECs by using systematic biology approaches, including rat cDNA microarray, 2‐DE and MALDI‐TOF MS/MS, and cytokine protein array. Furthermore, to improve the efficiency of analysis of the bulk systematic data of rat, we designed a set of bioinformatic tools to convert and integrate these rat data into the corresponding human genes or proteins IDs based on BioCarta, KEGG, and Gene Ontology databases. Using the systematic analysis, it was shown that LPS could promote some signaling or metabolic pathways as well as pathophysiologic phenomena of proliferation, atherogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis through activated nuclear factor‐κB pathway in ECs. Interestingly, ECs also activated the mediators of anti‐inflammation, antiapoptosis, and antioxidation to protect themselves. Moreover, the expressions of altered genes, proteins, and their involvement in the hypothetical signaling pathway can provide further understanding of inflammation associated responses in ECs.
Corporate attributions as strategic illusions of management control.

Gerald R. Salancik and James R. Meindl This paper examines the reasons given by CEOs to explain their firms' performance in annual stockholder reports over an 18-year period, comparing firms with stable and unstable performance. We argue that the managements of unstable firms, lacking real control over organizational outcomes, strategically manipulate causal attributions to manage impressions of their control. As evidence of this, these managements claim responsibility for both positive and negative outcomes more than do the managements of firms with stable performance, and, contrary to psychological theories, seem reluctant to attribute poor performance to uncontrollable environmental events. When environmental effects are cited, they are coupled with announcements of executive changes, thus implying to readers that management is taking steps to wrestle with its unruly environment. Evidence also indicates that these attributional strategies resulted in better future performance for the firms employing them.
Mechanisms and regulation of DNA replication initiation in eukaryotes

Abstract Cellular DNA replication is initiated through the action of multiprotein complexes that recognize replication start sites in the chromosome (termed origins) and facilitate duplex DNA melting within these regions. In a typical cell cycle, initiation occurs only once per origin and each round of replication is tightly coupled to cell division. To avoid aberrant origin firing and re-replication, eukaryotes tightly regulate two events in the initiation process: loading of the replicative helicase, MCM2-7, onto chromatin by the origin recognition complex (ORC), and subsequent activation of the helicase by its incorporation into a complex known as the CMG. Recent work has begun to reveal the details of an orchestrated and sequential exchange of initiation factors on DNA that give rise to a replication-competent complex, the replisome. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that underpin eukaryotic DNA replication initiation – from selecting replication start sites to replicative helicase loading and activation – and describe how these events are often distinctly regulated across different eukaryotic model organisms.
The tail binds to the head–neck domain, inhibiting ATPase activity of myosin VIIA

Myosin VIIA is an unconventional myosin, responsible for human Usher syndrome type 1B, which causes hearing and visual loss. Here, we studied the molecular mechanism of regulation of myosin VIIA, which is currently unknown. Although it was originally thought that myosin VIIA is a dimeric myosin, our electron microscopic (EM) observations revealed that full-length Drosophila myosin VIIA (DM7A) is a monomer. Interestingly, the tail domain markedly inhibits the actin-activated ATPase activity of tailless DM7A at low Ca2+ but not high Ca2+. By examining various deletion constructs, we found that deletion of the distal IQ domain, the C-terminal region of the tail, and the N-terminal region of the tail abolishes the tail-induced inhibition of ATPase activity. Single-particle EM analysis of full-length DM7A at low Ca2+ suggests that the tail folds back on to the head, where it contacts both the motor core domain and the neck domain, forming an inhibited conformation. We concluded that unconventional myosin that may be present a monomer in the cell can be regulated by intramolecular interaction of the tail with the head.
Markups from Inventory Data and Export Intensity

In this paper we propose a novel method for the price-cost markup estimation and study the relationship between export intensity and the markup. We impose much less restrictive identifying assumptions on technology and adjustment frictions compared to previous studies and use Swedish firm-level inventory data on finished goods of own production to measure the markup. Furthermore, as we are using data on a quarterly frequency, we are able to provide novel results on the dynamic adjustment of the markup related to changes in export intensity.
Two-Stage Solar Photovoltaic-Based Stand-Alone Scheme Having Battery as Energy Storage Element for Rural Deployment

Solar photovoltaic (PV)-based stand-alone systems have evolved as a promising solution to the issue of electrification in areas where the grid is not available. The major challenges in designing such systems are as follows: 1) extraction of maximum power from the PV array; 2) protection of the battery from overcharge and overdischarge; 3) dc to ac conversion; and 4) provision for adequate voltage boosting. As multiple objectives are required to be satisfied, the existing schemes for stand-alone systems require a minimum of three converter stages, leading to considerable reduction in the reliability and efficiency of the system. In order to address this issue, a two-stage stand-alone scheme consisting of a novel transformer-coupled dual-input converter (TCDIC) followed by a conventional full-bridge inverter is proposed in this paper. The proposed TCDIC can realize maximum power point tracking and battery charge control while maintaining the proper voltage level at the load terminal. The small signal mathematical model of the TCDIC is derived. A suitable control strategy for the proposed TCDIC is devised. The operation of the scheme is verified by performing detailed simulation studies. A laboratory prototype of the scheme is developed. Detailed experimental validation of the scheme utilizing the laboratory prototype is carried out to confirm the viability of the scheme.
Methods and methodologies: investigating gay men's body image in Westernized cultures

In the period from 2000 to 2007, 45 peer-reviewed articles have been published regarding body image in gay men from Westernized cultures. Despite that academic focus on gay men's bodies, little attention has been paid to the methods and methodologies used to generate that knowledge. This article conducted a systematic literature review of the peer-reviewed articles published during that eight-year period so as to engage in an analysis and critique of the methods used in gay male body image research. Emergent themes from the review included the need for improved recruitment methods, the precarious role of the Internet in body image research, a need for clarity regarding the definition of homosexuality and bisexuality, a lack of longitudinal data, the need for psychometric standardization, and openness regarding methodology on the part of qualitative research. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
A Multipath Detection Scheme for CDMA Systems With Space–Time Spreading

Space-time spreading (STS) is an appealing open-loop transmit diversity scheme, which has recently been included into the cdma2000 standard. It has been shown that the performance of the STS scheme is highly sensitive to fading coefficient estimation errors, particularly when the channel is highly time dispersive. In practical systems, channel estimation is normally performed after the multipath components are resolved, which suggests that improving multipath detection reduces such estimation errors. Motivated by this, we address, in this paper, the problem of multipath detection in STS-based code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. We first extend the conventional energy-based multipath detection scheme (EMDS) to cope with the spatial channel structure. We derive approximate expressions for the probability of detection and probability of false alarm. It is shown that the errors produced by the conventional scheme in detecting the potential multipath components severely impact the performance of the receiver. To improve upon the EMDS, we introduce and analyze an improved multipath detection scheme (IMDS) based on the estimation of the interference power in the individual resolved multipath components. The efficacy of the proposed scheme stems from the fact that the interference in each potential path is estimated and subtracted before that path is detected. We also present a simple and realizable version of the proposed IMDS detection scheme. Our results show that the proposed scheme not only improves the bit-error-rate performance significantly but also utilizes the pilot power much more efficiently.
A Multi-Objective Optimization Approach to Water Management

Many optimization models exist for water management systems but there is a knowledge gap in linking bio-economic objectives with the optimum use of all water resources under conflicting demands. The efficient operation and management of a network of nodes comprising storages, canals, river reaches and irrigation districts under environmental flow constraints is very challenging. Minimization of risks associated with agricultural production requires accounting for uncertainty involved with climate, environmental policy and markets. Due to conflicts between multiple goal requirements and the competing water demands of different sectors, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework was developed to analyze production targets under physical, biological, economic and environmental constraints. This approach is described by analyzing the conflicts between profitability, variable costs of production and pumping of groundwater for a hypothetical irrigation district.
Static and dynamic balance performance in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.

OBJECTIVE Patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) have postural changes and increased risk of falling. The aim of this study is to compare balance characteristics between patients with OVCF and healthy control subjects. METHODS Patients with severe OVCF and control subjects underwent computerised dynamic posturography (CDP) in this case-control study. RESULTS Forty-seven OVCF patients and 45 controls were recruited. Compared with the control group, the OVCF group had significantly decreased average stability; maximal stability under the `eye open with swayed support surface' (CDP subtest 4) and 'eye closed with swayed support surface' conditions (subtest 5); and decreased ankle strategy during subtests 4 and 5 and under the `swayed vision with swayed support surface' condition (subtest 6). The OVCF group fell more frequently during subtests 5 and 6 and had longer overall reaction time and longer reaction time when moving backward during the directional control test. CONCLUSION OVCF patients had poorer static and dynamic balance performance compared with normal control. They had decreased postural stability and ankle strategy with increased fall frequency on a swayed surface; they also had longer reaction times overall and in the backward direction. Therefore, we suggest balance rehabilitation for patients with OVCF to prevent fall.
Influence of Television Viewing and Sensation Seeking on Adolescents' Unrealistic Perceptions about Smoking and Smokers: Evidence From a National Survey

This study investigates the influence of TV viewing and sensation seeking on adolescents' estimates of smoking prevalence and perceptions about smokers. Analysis of a nationally representative sample of adolescents (N = 6,792) indicates that more TV viewing is associated with higher estimates of smoking prevalence. Heavier TV consumption and higher sensation-seeking tendency both predict more favorable perceptions about smokers. Sensation seeking moderates the relationship between TV viewing and perceptions about smokers such that the relationship holds stronger for high- versus low-sensation seekers.
Within or Outside?: Perceptions of self and other among Rom groups in Romania and Norway

We present a comparative analysis of the relationship between Roma and non-Roma in two different contexts: a group of Norwegian Roma in Oslo and a group of Romanian Roma in a village in Transylvania. The theoretical inspiration for this analysis is Baumann and Gingrich’s ‘Cultural Grammars of Selfing and Othering’. The main objective of the article is to challenge the traditionally held idea of Roma as ‘outside’ society and instead to claim that they depend on their local environment. While the local Rom group in Transylvania is dependent for their subsistence on exchange with peasants and villagers in their rural community, the Rom group in Norway are made clients of the welfare state and are dependent on welfare agencies for their basic subsistence. The locally dependent Transylvanian Roma have developed a grammar of encompassment, seeing themselves and the non-Roma as ‘really the same’, while the more socially segregated Norwegian Rom group have developed an orientalist grammar, despising Norwegian society and at the same time idealizing and copying the lifestyle of rich Norwegians.
Differential Effects Associated With Self-Reported Histories of Abuse and Neglect in a College Sample

In an attempt to assess the unique long-term effects of parental physical abuse, verbal abuse, and emotional neglect, a sample of 247 female and 154 male undergraduates was recruited to complete retrospective questionnaires of parental maltreatment as well as current measures of anger (Brief Anger and Aggression Questionnaire), loneliness and social isolation (UCLA Loneliness Scale), and negative self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale). The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses suggested that parental physical abuse and verbal abuse predicted current anger and that emotional neglect predicted loneliness and social isolation, above and beyond the effects of other types of maltreatment. Paternal maltreatment predicted negative outcomes for men, and both paternal and maternal maltreatment predicted negative outcomes for women. Implications for future research, prevention, and intervention are considered.