Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power consumption of logic circuits in ambipolar carbon nanotube technology

Ambipolar devices have been reported in many technologies, including carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs). The ambipolarity can be in-field controlled with a second gate, enabling the design of generalized logic gates with a high expressive power, i.e., the ability to implement more functions with fewer physical resources. Reported circuit design techniques using generalized logic gates show an improvement in terms of area and delay with respect to conventional CMOS circuits. In this paper, we characterize and study the power dissipation of generalized logic gates based on am-bipolar CNTFETs. Our results show that the logic gates in the generalized CNTFET library dissipate 28% less power on average than a library of conventional CMOS gates. Further, we also perform logic synthesis and technology mapping, demonstrating that synthesized circuits mapped with the library of ambipolar logic gates dissipate 57% less power than CMOS circuits. By combining the benefits coming from the expressive power of generalized logic and from the CNTFET technology, we demonstrate that we can reduce the energy-delay-product by a factor of 20× using the ambipolar CNTFET technology.
Calcidiol, calcitriol and parathyroid hormone serum concentrations in institutionalized and ambulatory elderly in Switzerland.

AIM The aim of the present study was to measure concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) serum concentrations and an urinary bone resorption marker in two groups of elderly subjects, who differed markedly in their sedentary status and seasonality. DESIGN 193 institutionalized elderly people of a long-stay geriatric ward (106 women: mean age 82; 87 men: mean age 78) were studied during wintertime. 312 ambulatory elderly people (109 women: mean age 74; 203 men: mean age 76) were studied during summertime. Concentrations of calcidiol (25(OH)D), calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D) and serum iPTH, as well as urinary N-telopeptides (NTX) were measured. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency (defined as serum 25(OH)D < 12 ng/ml) was present in 86% of institutionalized at the expected nadir (wintertime), compared to 15% of the ambulatory elderly subjects at the expected maximum (summertime). Serum calcitriol concentrations were significantly lower in institutionalized subjects (p = .0001). However intact PTH concentrations did not differ significantly between institutionalized and ambulatory elderly. Institutionalized and female subjects showed higher urinary NTX excretion (female institutionalized: 131.9; female ambulatory: 66.8/male institutionalized: 76.3 male ambulatory: 45.8 nmol/mmol). CONCLUSION This cross-sectional study documented very low serum calcidiol and calcitriol concentrations and high urinary N-telopeptide excretion in institutionalized elderly people. There was no difference in serum iPTH concentrations between institutionalized and ambulatory elderly. This finding could not be explained by the differences in calcidiol and calcitriol concentration, nor urinary NTX excretion. These results suggest that other factors than vitamin D deficiency, such as lower mobility status and sedentary life style, might have an important role in the regulation of iPTH and mechanisms of bone loss in the elderly.
ERP Correlates of Action Monitoring in Adolescence

Abstract: This study examines the development of action monitoring in adolescence by measuring the N200, the ERN (error‐related negativity) and the PE (error positivity), which are event‐related potentials (ERPs) that appear to be generated in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and reflect action‐monitoring processes. We predicted that amplitude would be significantly greater in late compared to early adolescence. Participants consisted of 11 adolescents that were divided into early (age 9‐14) and late (age 14‐17) adolescence groups. ERPs were recorded during an 840‐trial arrow‐flanker task and using 128‐channel dense array EEG. Results indicated that there were no differences in PE amplitude but that N200 and ERN amplitudes were greater in the late adolescence group. According to the conflict monitoring hypothesis, this suggests that the ability to detect error‐related conflict, which is involved in the modulation of cognitive control, appears to be fully developed later in adolescence and may be linked to the maturation of the ACC.
Predicted Effect of Chronic Apical Aneurysms on the Passive Stiffness of the Human Left Ventricle

A theoretical analysis of the human left ventricle in diastole was performed to evaluate the quantitative effect of an aneurysm on local fiber elongation in the ventricular wall and to establish quantitative relationships between chronic aneurysm size and stiffness and overall ventricular stiffness. The myocardium was assumed to be a homogeneous, isotropic, essentially incompressible material which exhibits large, nonlinear, elastic deformation. A finite element procedure was used which allows explicit representation of aneurysms in the ventricular wall. It was found that, even when the myocardium near the aneurysm has normal elasticity, the restraining influence of the aneurysm results in a substantial reduction in end-diastolic length of normal muscle fibers located in this area. This reduction in length places these fibers at a less favorable position on the Starling curve for developing tension and shortening during systole. In addition, given that the diastolic pressure-volume (P V) relationship in the normal ventricle is of the form, dP/d(V/Vo) = αP+β3, (Vo = cavity volume at zero transmural pressure) it was found that, in the presence of both fibrous and fibrous-muscular, apical, transmural aneurysms encompassing up to 20% of the wall volume, the parameter a increases linearly with aneurysm size. Finally, it was found that the ventricular secant modulus, ΔP/(ΔV/ESV) (ΔP = difference between end-diastolic pressure and lowest observed diastolic pressure, ΔV = angiographic stroke volume, and ESV = end-systolic volume) remains normal with aneurysms encompassing up to approximately 10% of the wall volume, even though the diastolic P-V curve has been shifted substantially to the left relative to the normal P-V curve. However, for larger aneurysms, this modulus increases rapidly with aneurysm size.
A Psychometric Investigation of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale Using Rasch Measurement

Abstract The author used Rasch measurement to examine the reliability and validity of 3S2 Korean university students’ scores on the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS; D. P. Crowne & D. Marlowe, I960). Results revealed that item-fi & statistics and principal component analysis with standardized residuals provide evidence of MCSDS’s unidimensionality Six (of 33) items displayed differential item functioning for gender.
The role of the cytoskeleton in cellular adhesion molecule expression in tumor necrosis factor‐stimulated endothelial cells

Leukocyte infiltration is a hallmark of the atherosclerotic lesion. These cells are captured by cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs), including vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), platelet‐endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM), and E‐selectin, on endothelial cells (EC). We examined the role of the actin cytoskeleton in tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐induced translocation of CAMs to the cell surface. Human aortic EC were grown on 96‐well plates and an ELISA was used to assess surface expression of the CAMs. TNF‐α increased VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1, and E‐selectin by 4 h but had no affect on the expression of PECAM. A functioning actin cytoskeleton was important for VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 expression as both cytochalasin D, an actin filament disruptor, and jasplakinolide, an actin filament stabilizer, attenuated the expression of these CAMs. These compounds were ineffective in altering E‐selectin surface expression. Myosin light chains are phosphorylated in response to TNF‐α and this appears to be regulated by Rho kinase instead of myosin light chain kinase. However, the Rho kinase inhibitor, Y27632, had no affect on TNF‐α‐induced CAM expression. ML‐7, a myosin light chain kinase inhibitor, had a modest inhibitory effect on the translocation of VCAM‐1 but not on ICAM‐1 or E‐selectin. These data suggest that the surface expression of VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 is dependent on cycling of the actin cytoskeleton. Nevertheless, modulation of actin filaments via myosin light chain phosphorylation is not necessary. The regulation of E‐selectin surface expression differs from that of the other CAMs. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toxicity Assessment of the Xanthid Crab Demania cultripes from Cebu Island, Philippines

Several cases of poisoning resulting in human fatalities and stemming from the ingestion of coral reef crabs have been reported from the Indo-Pacific region. We assessed the toxicity of the unidentified xanthid crab collected from the Camotes Sea off the eastern coast of Cebu Island, central Visayas region of Philippines from the food hygienic point of view. All seven specimens, which were identified with Demania cultripes, collected in 2006 were toxic to mice irrespective of the season of collection and induced paralytic symptoms typical of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and paralytic shellfish poison (PSP). The activity was expressed in mouse unit (MU) being defined as the amount of TTX to kill a 20 g ddY male mice in 30 min after i.p. injection. Toxicity scores for viscera and appendages of specimens were 18.2 ± 16.0 (mean ± S.D.) and 4.4 ± 2.6 MU/g, respectively. The highest individual toxicity scores observed for viscera and appendages were 52.1 and 7.7 MU/g, respectively. The frequency of toxic samples was 100%. Toxin profiles as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescent detection analysis (HPLC-FLD) revealed that TTX was the main toxic principle accounting for about 90% of the total toxicity along with 4-epi TTX and 4,9-anhydroTTX. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed mass fragment ion peaks at m/z 376, 392 and 407, which were characteristic of the quinazoline skeleton (C9-base) specific to TTX. In addition, only a small amount of PSP containing gonyautoxins1–4 and hydroxysaxitoxin was detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report presenting evidence of occurrence of TTX and PSP in the xanthid crab D. cultripes inhabiting waters surrounding Cebu Island. From food hygienic point of view, people in coastal areas should be warned of the potential hazard of this crab in order to prevent its intentional or accidental consumption.
Equilibria of atomic flow games are not unique

In routing games with infinitesimal players, it follows from well-known convexity arguments that equilibria exist and are unique (up to induced delays, and under weak assumptions on delay functions). In routing games with players that control large amounts of flow, uniqueness has been demonstrated only in limited cases: in 2-terminal, nearly-parallel graphs; when all players control exactly the same amount of flow; when latency functions are polynomials of degree at most three. In this work, we answer an open question posed by Cominetti, Correa, and Stier-Moses (ICALP 2006) and show that there may be multiple equilibria in atomic player routing games. We demonstrate this multiplicity via two specific examples. In addition, we show our examples are topologically minimal by giving a complete characterization of the class of network topologies for which unique equilibria exist. Our proofs and examples are based on a novel characterization of these topologies in terms of sets of circulations.
Platelet NOX, a novel target for anti-thrombotic treatment

Summary There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that reactive oxidant species (ROS) including O2 −, OH− or H2O2 act as second messengers to activate platelets via 1) calcium mobilisation, 2) nitric oxide (NO) inac-tivation, and 3) interaction with arachidonic to give formation of isoprostanes. Among the enzymes generating ROS formation NOX2, the catalytic core of NADPH oxidase (NOX), plays a prominent role as shown by the almost absent ROS production by platelets taken from patients with hereditary deficiency of NOX2. Experimental and clinical studies provided evidence that NOX2 is implicated in platelet activation. Thus, impaired platelet activation has been detected in patients with NOX2 hereditary deficiency. Similarly, normal platelets added with NOX2 specific inhibitors disclosed impaired platelet activation along with ROS down-regulation. Accordingly, animals prone to atherosclerosis treated with apocynin, a NOX inhibitor, showed reduced platelet adhesion and atherosclerotic plaque. Furthermore, a significant association between NOX2 up-regulation and platelet activation has been detected in patients at athero-thrombotic risk, but a cause-effect relationship needs to be established. These findings may represent a rationale to plan interventional trials with NOX inhibitors to establish if blocking NOX2 or other NOX isoforms may represent a novel anti-platelet approach.
Models of Madness

Schizophrenia is disputed territory. Thus, the numerous theories put forth to explain it are of all sorts: biochemical, genetic, religious, psychoanalytic, sociological, crosscultural, interactional, legal, moral, and so forth. These theories resemble, in a curious way, the productions of the schizophrenic patients on whose behalf they are constructed; they tend to be self-involved, and while they often display much internal consistency, they lack any comprehensible relation to each other.
Cerebrospinal fluid tau/beta-amyloid(42) ratio as a prediction of cognitive decline in nondemented older adults.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the ability of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma measures to discriminate early-stage Alzheimer disease (AD) (defined by clinical criteria and presence/absence of brain amyloid) from nondemented aging and to assess whether these biomarkers can predict future dementia in cognitively normal individuals. DESIGN Evaluation of CSF beta-amyloid(40) (Abeta(40)), Abeta(42), tau, phosphorylated tau(181), and plasma Abeta(40) and Abeta(42) and longitudinal clinical follow-up (from 1 to 8 years). SETTING Longitudinal studies of healthy aging and dementia through an AD research center. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling volunteers (n = 139) aged 60 to 91 years and clinically judged as cognitively normal (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR], 0) or having very mild (CDR, 0.5) or mild (CDR, 1) AD dementia. RESULTS Individuals with very mild or mild AD have reduced mean levels of CSF Abeta(42) and increased levels of CSF tau and phosphorylated tau(181). Cerebrospinal fluid Abeta(42) level completely corresponds with the presence or absence of brain amyloid (imaged with Pittsburgh Compound B) in demented and nondemented individuals. The CSF tau/Abeta(42) ratio (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-17.22) and phosphorylated tau(181)/Abeta(42) ratio (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.62-11.86) predict conversion from a CDR of 0 to a CDR greater than 0. CONCLUSIONS The very mildest symptomatic stage of AD exhibits the same CSF biomarker phenotype as more advanced AD. In addition, levels of CSF Abeta(42), when combined with amyloid imaging, augment clinical methods for identifying in individuals with brain amyloid deposits whether dementia is present or not. Importantly, CSF tau/Abeta(42) ratios show strong promise as antecedent (preclinical) biomarkers that predict future dementia in cognitively normal older adults.
Vowel development of /i/ and /u/ in 15-36 month old children at risk and not at risk to stutter

A study was designed to compare the high front /i/ and high back /u/ vowel in children at risk and not at risk to stutter. Recordings were made of children playing with parents for 10 minutes between 15 and 36 months of age. Anatomical and linguistic influences did not differ across subjects with the exception of the 24 month period. At risk children were slightly taller at 24 months. Spontaneous utterances from each child were digitized into a CSL, Model 4300. The F1 and F2 of the steadystate portion of each /i/ and /u/ vowel was measured. Notat-risk children demonstrated values typical of normallydeveloping children. Repeated measure ANOVAs showed that children who were at risk to stutter had significantly higher formant values for F1 for both /i/ and /u/ vowels. These results suggest that the tongue height is lower than it should be for the high vowels. Formant frequencies for F2 for both /i/ and /u/ were significantly higher also reflecting a more forward tongue position for the front and the back vowels in at-risk children.
Survival of Total Coliforms in Lawn Irrigated with Secondary Wastewater and Chlorinated Effluent in the Mediterranean Region

Pregrown, two‐month‐old lawn was layered in 12 large square pots with an area of 0.25 m 2 each, filled with a mixture of topsoil, peat, and sand. In late July, in the heart of the Mediterranean summer, the pots were divided into two groups, with six pots per group. On four different occasions, the pots in each group were sprinkled (surface irrigation) with 2 L of either secondary‐treated wastewater (STW, group A) or chlorinated effluent (CHE, group B). Wastewater application always took place at 0700 hours. Samples of the surface soil and grass from each pot were collected at the following times: before irrigation, immediately after irrigation, two hours later (0900 hours), and four hours later (1100 hours). In the samples collected, the number of total coliforms per gram was measured using standard microbiological analyses. Temperature and sunlight intensity were also monitored. There was an increase in the coliforms population in soil and grass samples of both groups immediately after the wastewater application. In group A, the mean number of coliforms recorded in the soil samples reached mean values higher than 5000 cfu/g compared to 312 cfu/g recorded before application. The increase in group B was smaller but still significant. Two hours later, the number of coliforms was reduced substantially in all samples (e.g., group A, soil samples 477 cfu/g). Coliform inactivation is thought to result from the effect of temperature and mainly sunlight. However, four hours after application (1100 hours), there was a noticeable increase in the coliform number again, in all sample categories of both groups. Coliform reactivation could be a result of shadowing effect resulting from the thick foliage of the grass, where the microorganisms were protected by the sunlight radiation and regrowth in a friendly environment (especially of the soil) where moisture and nutrients were present. This, in addition to the fact that coliforms seemed to retain a sizable population between applications, results in three conclusions: (1) coliforms can survive in grass and soil for a substantial period of time, recovering from the destructive effect of chlorination, (2) use of STW, even during the Mediterranean summer, could result in a substantial “contamination” of lawns, without any proof that sun and temperature can reduce the coliform number, and (3) intense sunlight (up to 68 000 lux) was far more effective in coliform suppression than elevated temperature (up to 38°C).
Active Learning Using Hint Information

The abundance of real-world data and limited labeling budget calls for active learning, an important learning paradigm for reducing human labeling efforts. Many recently developed active learning algorithms consider both uncertainty and representativeness when making querying decisions. However, exploiting representativeness with uncertainty concurrently usually requires tackling sophisticated and challenging learning tasks, such as clustering. In this letter, we propose a new active learning framework, called hinted sampling, which takes both uncertainty and representativeness into account in a simpler way. We design a novel active learning algorithm within the hinted sampling framework with an extended support vector machine. Experimental results validate that the novel active learning algorithm can result in a better and more stable performance than that achieved by state-of-the-art algorithms. We also show that the hinted sampling framework allows improving another active learning algorithm designed from the transductive support vector machine.
Using a Graph-based Coherence Model in Document-Level Machine Translation

Although coherence is an important aspect of any text generation system, it has received little attention in the context of machine translation (MT) so far. We hypothesize that the quality of document-level translation can be improved if MT models take into account the semantic relations among sentences during translation. We integrate the graph-based coherence model proposed by Mesgar and Strube, (2016) with Docent (Hardmeier et al., 2012, Hardmeier, 2014) a document-level machine translation system. The application of this graph-based coherence modeling approach is novel in the context of machine translation. We evaluate the coherence model and its effects on the quality of the machine translation. The result of our experiments shows that our coherence model slightly improves the quality of translation in terms of the average Meteor score.
Reciprocity in effort to personalize: examining perceived effort as a signal for quality

The development of advanced recommendation agents (RA's) has rendered more product information available for consumers at a minimal cost. However these decision aids require more effort exerted by users in order to offer recommendations based on their preferences. The construct of effort has showed contradictory effects on outcome quality and evaluation of the decision making process, as effort can be considered as a direct cost (cognitive or time) but also as a benefit (expected accuracy of decision). We conducted an experimental study to test the effect of three different types of perceived effort on the quality perception of a RA. We found a positive effect of perceived RA effort on RA quality perception. This suggests that users want to and should be aware of the RA effort in creating accurate recommendations. The effect of perceived user effort on RA quality is negative, but only when the own effort is perceived as higher than the perceived RA effort. However, this does not hold when user effort regards the navigational aspect of use of the RA which decreases the quality of the RA. We also show that RA quality is a core driver of RA acceptance.
Sources of variability in speechreading sentences: a generalizability analysis.

Generalizability theory (Cronbach, Gleser, Nanda, & Rajaratnam, 1972) was used to estimate the percentage of variance explained by three sources of variability in speechreading sentences: the subject, the talker, and the sentence materials. Videodisc recordings of the 100 CID Everyday Sentences (Davis & Silverman, 1970), spoken by a male and a female talker, were presented to 104 subjects with normal hearing. For performance on individual sentences (total number of words correct), the most important systematic sources of variability were the sentence (26.3%), the speechreader (10.5%), the talker (4.9%), and the interaction of talker and sentence (5.1%). Residual error accounted for 51.2% of the variance. Generalizability functions are presented, as a function of test length, for five models of test administration and interpretation. For 10-, 50-, and 100-item lists, generalizability is predicted to be . 70, . 92, and . 96, respectively, for a single talker. Psychometric characteristics of these recordings of the CID sentences are also presented.