Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real Anomalies

We examine the importance of cross-sectional asset pricing anomalies (alphas) for the real economy. We develop a novel quantitative model of the cross-section of firms that features lumpy investment and informational ine ciencies, while yielding distributions in closed form. Our findings indicate that anomalies can cause material real ine ciencies, raising the possibility that agents that help to eliminate them add significant value to the economy. The framework reveals that the magnitude of alphas alone is a poor indicator of real implications, and highlights the importance of alpha persistence, the amount of mispriced capital, and the Tobin’s q of firms a↵ected. JEL classification: D22, D24, D53, D92, E22, G2, G30 ⇤We thank the editor Stefan Nagel and an anonymous referee for their helpful and constructive feedback. Moreover, we thank Andy Abel, Malcolm Baker (discussant), Markus Brunnermeier, John Campbell, Andrea Eisfeldt, Nicolae Gârleanu, Vincent Glode, Itay Goldstein, João Gomes, Urban Jermann, Tom Sargent, Sydney Ludvigson, Hanno Lustig, Stijn van Nieuwerburgh, Dimitris Papanikolaou (discussant), Thomas Philippon (discussant), Krishna Ramaswamy, Rob Stambaugh, Jeremy Stein, Jessica Wachter, Tony Whited, Amir Yaron, and seminar participants at the 7th Advances in Macro-Finance Tepper-LAEF Conference, Berkeley Haas, BI-SHoF Conference on Financial Econometrics, London Business School, Michigan Ross, NBER Summer Institute Asset Pricing, University of Oxford, Princeton University, and the Wharton Conference on Liquidity and Financial Crises for their helpful comments. The authors are at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and can be reached at julesv@wharton.upenn. edu and opp@wharton.upenn. edu.
Noradrenaline Decreases Transmission of NMDA‐ and Non‐NMDA‐receptor Mediated Monosynaptic EPSPs in Rat Prefrontal Neurons In Vitro

The effects of noradrenaline on pyramidal cells of layer V of the prefrontal cortex were examined in rat brain slices in vitro. Bath administration of noradrenaline (10 μM) reduced synaptic transmission of afferent inputs from layer 1. The decrease affected all the components of the evoked response and particularly the monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) as evidenced by a reduction of its initial rising slope (mean slope: 71 ± 11% of its control). Pharmacological dissociation of the NMDA‐ and non‐NMDA‐receptor components of the EPSP showed that noradrenaline reduced both (mean EPSP slopes were 71 ± 8% and 73 ± 10% of their control, respectively). Alpha1‐, but not α‐2‐ or β‐adrenoceptor antagonists prevented the noradrenaline‐induced decrease in synaptic efficacy. However, the effect of noradrenaline was not reproduced by α1‐adrenoceptor agonists. Lastly, noradrenaline acting through β‐adrenoceptors reduced the slow hyperpolarization that follows a train of action potentials.
Pyramidal and Non-Pyramidal Pathways in Monkeys: Anatomical and Functional Correlation

In monkeys, corticospinal fibers terminate on motoneurons and interneurons. Brainstem fibers, which may be grouped into medial and lateral pathways, terminate on the same interneurons. Observations following bilateral pyramidotomy indicate that motility can be adequately directed by the brainstem systems while cortical connections add speed and the capacity for further fractionating movements. Further experiments suggest that the medial and lateral brainstem pathways primarily direct proximal and distal movements, respectively.
114 Features of fibromyalgia in lupus nephritis

Background Patients with SLE have poor health related quality of life (HRQoL), however the predominant causes for decreased HRQoL in different subgroups of SLE are not well understood. Features of fibromyalgia, including fatigue, widespread pain, depression, sleep and cognitive dysfunction, are prevalent in SLE affecting 20%–65% of patients and often contribute to disability and poor health related quality of life (HRQoL). These aspects of fibromyalgia have not been well described in lupus nephritis (LN). We evaluated self-reported symptoms of fibromyalgia and mood disorders in patients with and without lupus nephritis Methods This was a cross sectional study of SLE patients (ACR 1997 or SLICC 2012 criteria) from July to November 2018. All patients completed Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9), and 2016 ACR Fibromyalgia criteria. Active nephritis was defined as UPC>500 mg and/or active urinary sediment excluding other causes. Fibromyalgia was defined as 7 areas of pain with 5 symptoms severity score (SSS) or 4 areas of pain with 9 SSS. Differences across groups were analyzed by Fishers exact test and ANOVA. Results 205 patients completed patient reported outcome measures (92% female, mean age 45.1 years). In our cohort 17% had active nephritis, 16% were in nephritis remission and 67% had no history of nephritis. Of patients with nephritis, 28% had membranous class V, 27% had proliferative or proliferative/mixed LN, 3% class I/II, 0.5% post-transplant, 0.5% ESRD on dialysis, and class was unknown in 32%. The prevalence of fibromyalgia was 10.5% in those with nephritis compared to 23% of patients without nephritis (p=0.04). Patients with LN had statistically significantly lower fibromyalgia severity scores, symptom severity scores, areas of pain, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep disturbance, forgetfulness, muscle pain, and numbness. Patient-reported disease activity was significantly lower in patients with LN remission. Depression and anxiety were not significantly different between groups.Abstract 114 Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of Fibromyalgia in Lupus Nephritis Conclusions Patients with both active and inactive lupus nephritis have lower rates of fibromyalgia, fatigue, sleep and cognitive dysfunction compared to non-nephritis lupus patients. Depression and anxiety were pervasive among all lupus groups and persisted even after achieving lower disease activity. The drivers of low HRQoL may be distinct across SLE subgroups. Lupus nephritis patients have high rates of disability and poor HRQoL, however the mechanism underlying these outcomes in nephritis is less likely related to features of fibromyalgia Funding Source(s): None
What Drives Donor Funding in Population Assistance Programs?

The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) established goals for the expansion of population assistance. To date, the financial promises made by donor countries in 1994 have not been met. To unravel the gap between ambitions and contributions, we use panel estimation methods to see what lies behind the level of donor contributions and the sharing of burdens across the various categories of population and HIV/AIDS assistance in 21 donor countries for the years 1996-2002. Contributions by donors depend heavily on the economic wealth and subjective preferences of donor countries. The sharing of the ICPD burden within the group of OECD/DAC countries is in line with the countries' ability to pay, although within the aggregate we observe a specialization in channels for aid: small countries predominantly use multilateral aid agencies, whereas large countries rely more on bilateral aid channels. Catholic countries are averse to donating unrestricted funds (flowing primarily to multilateral agencies) or restricted funds targeted at family planning programs.
The effects of interior design on wellness - Eye tracking analysis in determining emotional experience of architectural space. A survey on a group of volunteers from the Lublin Region, Eastern Poland.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Using the concepts of Ulrich's theory of supportive design and Malkin's healing environment, an eye tracking experiment was designed in order to measure respondents' reactions while looking at visualisations of various interiors, with the aim of verifying whether certain parameters of an interior are related to emotional reactions in terms of positive stimulation, and the sense of security and comfort. MATERIAL AND METHODS 12 boards were designed, incorporating standard features of an interior, i.e. (1) proportions, (2) lighting, (3) colour scheme of a room, as well as (4) the colours and spatial arrangement of furnishings. Respondents' reactions were recorded with an eye tracker Tobii TX300 and supplemented by self-descriptions of emotional reactions. RESULTS The results showed that the varying spatial and colour arrangements presented in the interior visualisations provoked different emotional responses, confirmed by pupil reaction parameters, as measured by the eye tracking device. CONCLUSIONS Architectural space can have a diverse emotional significance and impact on an individual's emotional state. This is an important conclusion from the point of view of optimising and creating the so-called supportive and healing environment. The results have implications for the interpretation of the pupil diameter as an index of emotional reactions to different architectural space visualisations. Testing the eye tracker as a method helpful in diagnosing the emotional reactions to features of the interior is justified, and can provide an effective tool for early diagnosis of the impact of architectural space on the well-being of individuals. It can also be a good form of testing the emotional significance of architectural designs before they are implemented.
Postharvest Treatment of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) Bark Oil and Hexanal Incorporated Bio-Wax Maintains Quality and Extends Marketable Life of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)

ABSTRACT Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) has a year round demand because of its utilization in food industry, indigenous medicine and domestic culinary. However, the production is highly seasonal. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cinnamon bark oil and hexanal incorporated bio-wax for extending its postharvest life. Lime cv. Local at optimum maturity was harvested and brought to the laboratory immediately. The bulk sample was divided into four replicated lots each containing 120 fruits. Two lots were dipped in the wax formulation for 45 s while the other two were kept as controls (no wax). Treated and control samples were stored in cold room (13°C ± 2°C; RH 90%) and ambient conditions (32°C ± 2°C; RH 70%) in plastic crates respectively. Evaluation of physicochemical attributes were conducted before treatment (day 0) and at 7-day intervals, until fruit exhibits limit of marketability. Bio-wax treatment decreased the rate of peel color deterioration and retarded the rate of increase in fruit firmness (P < 0.05). The bio-wax treatment also significantly contributed to reduction in the rates of variation in total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and juice pH. The treatment also reduced the physiological weight loss and peel browning by 50% thus treated fruit stored under ambient condition showed a marketable life of 15 days while those stored under cold room demonstrated a marketable life of 60 days. In conclusion, cinnamon bark oil and hexanal incorporated bio-wax could be used as a promising tool to extend postharvest life of limes.
Observational Consequences of an Interacting Multiverse

The observability of the multiverse is at the very root of its physical significance as a scientific proposal. In this conference we present, within the third quantization formalism, an interacting scheme between the wave functions of different universes and analyze the effects of some particular values of the coupling function. One of the main consequences of the interaction between universes can be the appearance of a pre-inflationary stage in the evolution of the universes that might leave observable consequences in the properties of the CMB.
Latitudinal patterns of species diversity, body mass and herbivory: a comparison between ectotherms and endotherms

Earth varies widely in characteristics along her latitude, like temperature, precipitation and day length. This has consequences for life along this latitude. In this research, a comparison is made between ectotherms (here fish) and endotherms (here fresh water birds) and how their distribution and plant consumption is influenced by latitudinal patterns of temperatures. I collected data from the encyclopedia of Kear (2005), an article from Wood et al. (2012) and a selection of research papers to create a database of 84, mostly migrating, fresh water bird species, along with their body mass, percentage of vegetal matter in their diet, average latitude and average temperature of their summer breeding area and winter non-breeding area. I compared these data with published patterns for fresh water fish from Gonzalez-Bergonzoni et al., 2012. I drew four main conclusions: (1) Fish seem to follow the general latitudinal pattern of increasing species richness towards lower latitudes, while the number of species of fresh water bird species increases towards higher latitudes. (2) Fish seem to be smaller at lower latitudes, following the temperature-size rule, while no such pattern was found for water birds. (3) Heavier birds (3 kg or more) are almost exclusively herbivore, while lighter birds have a variety of diets. (4) Fish show a higher degree of herbivory towards lower latitudes. A specific part of my data of birds with a diet that consisted of at least 1%, but not more than 50% of vegetable matter, showed a pattern of a higher degree of herbivory towards higher latitudes and lower temperatures. Correlations of other birds with no or more than 50% of vegetable matter in their diet and latitude or temperature were not significant.
Accessory Atrioventricular Pathways That Conduct Only in the Antegrade Direction

Patients with accessory atrioventricular pathways that conduct only in the antegrade direction represent an unusual variant of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. This report describes such patients and compares them with patients with accessory pathways that demonstrate bidirectional conduction.Of 143 patients with single accessory pathways, seven demonstrated exclusive antegrade conduction (study group), 111 demonstrated bidirectional conduction (control group), and 25 demonstrated exclusive retrograde conduction. Study group patients were significantly older than patients in the control group (42 ± 9.8 years and 31.4 ± 13.9 years, respectively, p < 0.0001). Refractoriness and conduction characteristics of the accessory pathways in the antegrade direction in the study group were not different from those in the control group. Control group patients presented with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (58 of 111), atrial fibrillation (23 of 111), both of these arrhythmias (19 of 111), or no documented arrhythmia (11 of 111). Study group patients presented with only atrial fibrillation (six of seven). An accessory pathway with only antegrade conduction is a rare cause of symptoms in the Wolff-Parkinson- White syndrome. These patients are asymptomatic until atrial fibrillation develops as the patient ages. Despite the absence of retrograde conduction over the accessory pathway, its antegrade functional properties are similar to pathways that demonstrate bidirectional conduction.
Antimicrobial Activity of Thuidium delicatulum (Bryopsida) Extracts

This study aims to observe the antimicrobial activity of Thuidium delicatulum extracts. Moss samples were collected from Kastamonu - TURKEY and eight different extraction solvents were used in the study. All the extracts were investigated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Yersinia enterocolitica O3, Salmonella enteretidis ATCC 13076, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, Candida albicans ATCC 95071, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 by using the disc diffusion method. The results were supported with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) tests. Six reference antibiotics were used as positive controls to compare the results. As a result, the extracts present activity against Yersinia enterocolitica O3, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Candida albicans ATCC 95071.
In search of Brucella abortus type IV secretion substrates: screening and identification of four proteins translocated into host cells through VirB system

Type IV secretion systems (T4SS) are specialized protein complexes used by many bacterial pathogens for the delivery of effector molecules that subvert varied host cellular processes. Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens capable of survival and replication inside mammalian cells. Brucella T4SS (VirB) is essential to subvert lysosome fusion and to create an organelle permissive for replication. One possible role for VirB is to translocate effector proteins that modulate host cellular functions for the biogenesis of the replicative organelle. We hypothesized that proteins with eukaryotic domains or protein–protein interaction domains, among others, would be good candidates for modulation of host cell functions. To identify these candidates, we performed an in silico screen looking for proteins with distinctive features. Translocation of 84 potential substrates was assayed using adenylate cyclase reporter. By this approach, we identified six proteins that are delivered to the eukaryotic cytoplasm upon infection of macrophage‐like cells and we could determine that four of them, encoded by genes BAB1_1043, BAB1_2005, BAB1_1275 and BAB2_0123, require a functional T4SS for their delivery. We confirmed VirB‐mediated translocation of one of the substrates by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, and we found that the N‐terminal 25 amino acids are required for its delivery into cells.
Norepinephrine stimulation of adenylate cyclase potentiates protein kinase C action: Electrophysiological studies in the dentate gyrus

Protein kinase C and norepinephrine‐stimulated adenylate cyclase have been linked to formation of long‐term potentiation in the dentate gyrus. However, little is known about second messenger system interactions regulating synaptic transmission. In electrophysiological studies of the dentate gyrus, we observe synergistic interactions between norepinephrine and phorbol esters, activators of protein kinase C. Norepinephrine markedly potentiates the block of adenosine's inhibitory action by phorbol esters. Norepinephrine's action is mimicked by the β‐adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol and blocked by the β‐adrenoceptor antagonists timolol and propranolol. Forskolin also mimicks norepinephrine's action. Accordingly, norepinephrine's potentiation of protein kinase C appears to be mediated by the cyclic AMP second messenger system. This mechanism may contribute to norepinephrine's facilitation of long‐term potentiation in the dentate gyrus.
Temporal changes in soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity in rainfed wheat field of Pakistan.

Soil enzymesplay a vital role innutrient mineralization and their activity is an excellent sensor in predicting the capacity of nutrient supply to plants. T emporal changesinthree soil enzymesactivity(urease, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase)in rainfed wheatwere studies through fieldexperimentconductedat the research farm of Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan . Wheat ( Triticum aestivumL.) variety Chakwa l-50 was grown withN and Pcombinedfertilizer treatments as NP(100:80kg ha -1 )andΩNP (50:40kg ha -1 ),and CK (no fertilizer applied). Twelve experimental plots each of size 6 m ◊6 m were prepared to accommodate three treatments eachwith four replicati ons.The layout of the experimental plots in the field
A quasi-experimental, longitudinal evaluation of a school-based bicycle helmet campaign for children age 4–8 years in the Netherlands

Abstract Head injury severity may be reduced by a helmet, however, helmets are not mandatory in the Netherlands. Yet public support for voluntary use of helmets for children is high. This study evaluated the effect of a five-year school-based campaign (4- to 8-year-olds) on helmet-wearing rates and identified its success and failure factors. We compared observed helmet-wearing rates before the campaign, with yearly rates during programme, and related those to wearing rates in a control area. Parents, together with their children, completed questionnaires on self-reported helmet wearing, attitudes, beliefs, and barriers. Results showed that observed helmet wearing increased in the first campaign year but varied in later years. This variation in rates coincided with variations in campaign intensity over the years. Factors associated with self-reported helmet wearing were age, with higher wearing rates for younger children than older children, and parental rules for helmet use. Children and parents are positive toward helmet use when children are perceived to be less competent cyclists. The most important reason for not wearing helmets is that peers do not wear helmets. Overall, parents and children seem to be influenced by the norm in the Netherlands that children above a certain age cycle without a helmet.
Royal Jelly Facilitates Restoration of the Cognitive Ability in Trimethyltin-Intoxicated Mice

Trimethyltin (TMT) is a toxic organotin compound that induces acute neuronal death selectively in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) followed by cognition impairment; however the TMT-injured hippocampal DG itself is reported to regenerate the neuronal cell layer through rapid enhancement of neurogenesis. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/NPCs) are present in the adult hippocampal DG, and generate neurons that can function for the cognition ability. Therefore, we investigated whether royal jelly (RJ) stimulates the regenerating processes of the TMT-injured hippocampal DG, and found that orally administered RJ significantly increased the number of DG granule cells and simultaneously improved the cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we have already shown that RJ facilitates neurogenesis of cultured NS/NPCs. These present results, taken together with previous observations, suggest that the orally administered RJ may be a promising avenue for ameliorating neuronal function by regenerating hippocampal granule cells that function in the cognition process.
Hepatitis D Virus Infection of Mice Expressing Human Sodium Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is the smallest virus known to infect human. About 15 million people worldwide are infected by HDV among those 240 million infected by its helper hepatitis B virus (HBV). Viral hepatitis D is considered as one of the most severe forms of human viral hepatitis. No specific antivirals are currently available to treat HDV infection and antivirals against HBV do not ameliorate hepatitis D. Liver sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) was recently identified as a common entry receptor for HDV and HBV in cell cultures. Here we show HDV can infect mice expressing human NTCP (hNTCP-Tg). Antibodies against critical regions of HBV envelope proteins blocked HDV infection in the hNTCP-Tg mice. The infection was acute yet HDV genome replication occurred efficiently, evident by the presence of antigenome RNA and edited RNA species specifying large delta antigen in the livers of infected mice. The resolution of HDV infection appears not dependent on adaptive immune response, but might be facilitated by innate immunity. Liver RNA-seq analyses of HDV infected hNTCP-Tg and type I interferon receptor 1 (IFNα/βR1) null hNTCP-Tg mice indicated that in addition to induction of type I IFN response, HDV infection was also associated with up-regulation of novel cellular genes that may modulate HDV infection. Our work has thus proved the concept that NTCP is a functional receptor for HDV infection in vivo and established a convenient small animal model for investigation of HDV pathogenesis and evaluation of antiviral therapeutics against the early steps of infection for this important human pathogen.