Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Update on treatment of light chain amyloidosis

Light chain amyloidosis is the most common type of amyloidosis as a consequence of protein misfolding of aggregates composed of amyloid fibrils. The clinical features are dependent on the organs involved, typically cardiac, renal, hepatic, peripheral and autonomic neuropathy and soft tissue. A tissue biopsy or fat aspirate is needed to confirm the presence/type of amyloid and prognostic tools are important in a risk stratified approach to treatment. Autologous stem cell transplant eligibility should be assessed at baseline, weighing the reversible or non-reversible contraindications, toxicity of treatment and chemotherapy alternatives available. Chemotherapy options include melphalan, thalidomide, bortezomib, lenalidomide, bendamustine in combination with dexamethasone. Many studies have explored these treatment modalities, with ongoing debate about the optimal first line and sequential treatment thereafter. Attaining a very good partial response or better is the treatment goal coupled with early assessment central to optimizing treatment. One major challenge remains increasing the awareness of this disease, frequently diagnosed late as the presenting symptoms mimic many other medical conditions. This review focuses on the treatments for light chain amyloidosis, how these treatments have evolved over the years, improved patient risk stratification, toxicities encountered and future directions.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar Spine in Children: Spinal Incidental Findings in Pediatric Patients

Study Design Retrospective case series. Objective To determine the rate of spinal incidental findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine in the pediatric population. Methods We reviewed MRI imaging of the neuraxial spine in patients less than 18 years of age and documented abnormal spinal findings. We then reviewed the charts of these patients to determine the reason for ordering the study. Those who presented with pain were considered symptomatic. Those who had no presenting complaint were considered asymptomatic. The data were analyzed to break down the rate of spinal incidental findings in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine, respectively. Results Thirty-one of the 99 MRIs had positive findings, with the most common being disk protrusion (51.6%). Spinal incidental findings were most common in the lumbar spine (9.4%) versus the cervical spine (8%) or thoracic spine (4.7%). In this group, Schmorl nodes and disk protrusion were the two most common findings (37.5% each). Other spinal incidental findings included a vertebral hemangioma and a Tarlov cyst. In the thoracic spine, the only spinal incidental finding was a central disk protrusion without spinal cord or nerve root compression. Conclusion MRI is a useful modality in the pediatric patient with scoliosis or complaints of pain, but the provider should remain cognizant of the potential for spinal incidental findings.
HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN MAKANAN TAMBAHAN-PEMULIHAN DENGAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DAN KENAIKAN BERAT BADAN IBU HAMIL KURANG ENERGI KRONIS (STUDI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS JELBUK KABUPATEN JEMBER)

Gizi ibu yang buruk sebelum maupun saat kehamilan akan berisiko melahirkan bayi dengan BBLR, gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan otak bayi, serta risiko kesakitan dan kematian. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan dalam menurunkan angka BBLR adalah dengan PMT-Pemulihan pada ibu hamil KEK. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis hubungan antara PMT-Pemulihan dengan kenaikan berat badan dan kadar Hb pada ibu hamil KEK. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional, melibatkan subjek penelitian sejumlah 38 orang ibu hamil KEK. Variabel bebas adalah PMT-Pemulihan pada ibu hamil KEK, variabel terikat meliputi kenaikan berat badan dan kadar Hb. Uji hubungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Kruskal wallis pada taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan responden berada pada rentang umur 14-37 tahun dengan rerata 20,45 tahun, LILA berada pada rentang 20-23 cm dengan nilai rerata 21,87±1,0 cm. Paritas bervariasi mulai 1 hingga 4. Rerata kenaikan berat badan trimester 3 yaitu 4,48±3,2 kg dengan kenaikan tertinggi sebesar 12 kg dan nilai terrendah yaitu -0,5 kg artinya terdapat penurunan berat badan sebesar 0,5 kg. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara PMT-Pemulihan dengan kenaikan berat badan ibu hamil KEK (p=0,007), tidak terdapat hubungan antara PMT-Pemulihan dengan kadar Hb (p=0,097).
Providing Flaxseed Oil but Not Menhaden Oil Protects against OVX Induced Bone Loss in the Mandible of Sprague-Dawley Rats

Higher intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are associated with benefits at several skeletal sites in postmenopausal women and in rodent models, but the effect of PUFA-containing oils on tooth-supporting alveolar bone of the mandible has not been studied. Moreover, direct comparison of the effect of flaxseed oil (a source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)) and menhaden oil (a source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) is unknown. One-month old female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were randomized to and fed a diet containing flaxseed oil or menhaden oil from one to six months of age. At three months of age, rats were randomized to receive SHAM or ovariectomy (OVX) surgery (n = 12/diet). The inter-radicular septum below the first molar of the mandible was imaged at 6 months of age (study endpoint) using micro-computed tomography (μCT) at a resolution of 9 μm. As expected, OVX significantly reduced percent bone volume (BV/TV), connectivity density (Conn. D.), trabecular number (Tb. N.), and increased trabecular separation (Tb. Sp.) compared to SHAM rats (p < 0.001). However, post hoc analysis revealed these differences were present in rats fed menhaden oil but not those fed flaxseed oil. These results suggest that providing flaxseed oil, possibly through its high ALA content, provides protection against the OVX-induced alveolar bone loss in rats.
Role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of disability in individuals aged >65 years worldwide. AD is characterized by the abnormal deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, and intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated τ protein and dementia. The neurotoxic oligomer Aβ peptide, which is the neuropathological diagnostic criterion of the disease, together with τ protein, are mediators of the neurodegeneration that is among the main causative factors. However, these phenomena are mainly initiated and enhanced by oxidative stress, a process referring to an imbalance between antioxidants and oxidants in favour of oxidants. This imbalance can occur as a result of increased free radicals or a decrease in antioxidant defense, free radicals being a species that contains one or more unpaired electrons in its outer shell. The major source of potent free radicals is the reduction of molecular oxygen in water, that initially yields the superoxide radical, which produces hydrogen peroxide by the addition of an electron. The reduction of hydrogen peroxide produces highly reactive hydroxyl radicals, termed reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can react with lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other molecules and may also alter their structures and functions. Thus, tissues and organs, particularly the brain, a vulnerable organ, are affected by ROS due to its composition. The brain is largely composed of easily oxidizable lipids while featuring a high oxygen consumption rate. The current review examined the role of oxidative stress in AD.
Reduction of UV-induced skin tumors in hairless mice by selective COX-2 inhibition.

UV light is a complete carcinogen, inducing both basal and squamous cell skin cancers. The work described uses the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib to examine the efficacy of COX-2 inhibition in the reduction of UV light-induced skin tumor formation in hairless mice. UVA-340 sun lamps were chosen as a light source that effectively mimics the solar UVA and UVB spectrum. Hairless mice were irradiated for 5 days a week for a total dose of 2.62 J/cm(2). When 90% of the animals had at least one tumor, the mice were divided into two groups so that the tumor number and multiplicity were the same (P < 0.31). Half of the mice were then fed a diet containing 1500 p.p.m. celecoxib. Tumor number, multiplicity and size were then observed for the next 10 weeks. Ninety-five percent of the tumors formed were histopathologically evaluated as squamous cell carcinoma. COX-2 expression and activity were increased in tumors. After 10 weeks, the difference in tumor number and multiplicity in the drug-treated group was 56% of UV controls (P < 0.001). The results show that the orally administered selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib prevents new tumor formation after the onset of photocarcinogenesis and suggest that treatment with celecoxib may be very useful in preventing UV-induced skin tumors in humans.
Recent developments in high-moment electroplated materials for recording heads

The continuous and rapid increase of areal density in magnetic data storage systems required a continuous increase of the coercivity of the storage media. In order to be able to record on these ever-higher-coercivity media, new soft magnetic materials for pole tips with increased magnetic moment had to be developed. Significant progress has been made during the last few years in electroplating alloys with high saturation magnetic flux density for use in writing heads. We review recent progress made in this area, with particular emphasis on the work done at IBM since the review paper on the subject was published in this journal in 1998 by Andricacos and Robertson. Reviewed here are the high-moment alloys of NiFe, particularly in the very high iron range [an extension of permalloy (Ni80Fe20) and Ni45Fe55]; very-high-cobalt CoFeCu alloys; ternary CoNiFe; and binary iron-rich CoFe alloys. With the latter binary alloy films, we have demonstrated that it is possible to reach by electroplating the saturation flux density limit of 2.4-2.5 T reported for cast alloys. Since the electroplating of good-magnetic-quality iron-rich CoFe alloys posed a considerable challenge, the behavior of the CoFe plating system was studied in detail, using in situ surface pH measurements and a rotating-cylinder Hull cell.
Simulating Visual Contrast Reduction during Nighttime Glare Situations on Conventional Displays

Bright glare in nighttime situations strongly decreases human contrast perception. Nighttime simulations therefore require a way to realistically depict contrast perception of the user. Due to the limited luminance of popular as well as specialized high-dynamic range displays, physical adaptation of the human eye cannot yet be replicated in a physically correct manner in a simulation environment. To overcome this limitation, we propose a method to emulate the adaptation in nighttime glare situations using a perception-based model. We implemented a postprocessing tone mapping algorithm that simulates the corresponding contrast reduction effect for a night-driving simulation with glares from oncoming vehicles headlights. During glare, tone mapping reduces image contrast in accordance with the incident veiling luminance. As the glare expires, the contrast starts to normalize smoothly over time. The conversion of glare parameters and elapsed time into image contrast during the readaptation phase is based on extensive user studies carried out first in a controlled laboratory setup. Additional user studies have then been conducted in field tests to ensure validity of the derived time-dependent tone-mapping function and to verify transferability onto real-world traffic scenarios.
Trends in Scientific Literature on Atypical Antipsychotics in South Korea: A Bibliometric Study

Objective We have carried out a bibliometric study on the scientific publications in relation to atypical or second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) in South Korea. Methods With the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases, we selected those publications made in South Korea whose title included the descriptors atypic* (atypical*) antipsychotic*, second-generation antipsychotic*, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, ziprasidone, quetiapine, sertindole, aripiprazole, paliperidone, amisulpride, zotepine, asenapine, iloperidone, lurasidone, perospirone and blonanserin. We applied some bibliometric indicators of paper production and dispersion with Price's law and Bradford's law, respectively. We also calculated the participation index (PI) of the different countries, and correlated the bibliometric data with some social and health data from Korea (such as total per capita expenditure on health and gross domestic expenditure on research and development). Results We collected 326 original papers published between 1993 and 2011. Our results state fulfilment of fulfilled Price's law, with scientific production on SGAs showing exponential growth (correlation coefficient r=0.8978, as against an r=0.8149 after linear adjustment). The most widely studied drugs were risperidone (91 papers), aripiprazole (77), olanzapine (53), and clozapine (43). Division into Bradford zones yielded a nucleus occupied by the Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (36 articles). A total of 86 different journals were published, with 4 of the first 10 used journals having an impact factor being greater than 4. Conclusion The publications on SGAs in South Korea have undergone exponential growth over the studied period, without evidence of reaching a saturation point.
RUNNING HEADER : Informational bases of empathic accuracy Unpacking the informational bases of empathic accuracy

Perceivers’ ability to correctly identify the internal states of social targets – known as “empathic accuracy” (EA) – is critical to social interactions, but little work has examined the specific types of information that support EA. In the current study, social targets varying in trait emotional expressivity were videotaped while discussing emotional autobiographical events. Perceivers watched these videos and inferred targets’ affect while having access to only visual or auditory information, or both. EA was assessed as the correlation of perceivers’ inference and targets’ self-ratings. Results suggest that auditory, and especially verbal information, is critical to EA. Furthermore, targets’ expressivity predicted both target behavior and EA, an effect influenced by the valence of the events they discussed. Specifically, expressive targets produced more nonverbal negative cues, and higher levels of EA when perceivers could only see them discussing negative events; expressive targets also produced more positive verbal cues, and higher levels of EA when perceivers could only hear them discussing positive events. These results are discussed in relation to social display rules and clinical disorders involving social deficits.
THE RELATION BETWEEN SCHOOL BULLYING AND VICTIMIZATION IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT/ HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)

The ADHD symptoms put the children suffering from this disorder at a higher risk of being a victim of bulling as well as of behaving aggressively towards peers. Objectives: This study is conducted in order to identify the frequency of specific forms of victimization and bullying in children with ADHD, and to determine if there is any correlation between victimization and bullying, and between different forms of bullying in children with ADHD. Methods: Bullying was tested on a sample of 72 first-through-eighth graders with ADHD diagnosis by means of the School Bullying Questionnaire (USN-2003) designed in line with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Results: The results indicate a statistically significant correlation between being a victim and being a perpetrator of bullying. The study also shows statistically significant correlations between specific forms of bullying. Conclusion: The results of this study provide guidelines for further studies and prevention/ intervention programs concerning bullying which involves children with ADHD.
The Effects of Social Security Privatization on Household Saving: Evidence from the Chilean Experience

In recent years, a handful of countries have converted the financing of their social security systems from pay-as-you-go (PAYGO) to partial or full funding. Privatization is viewed as one way to insulate social security from the political and demographic pressures that currently threaten the financial stability of PAYGO systems. However, privatization would improve a nation's situation only if such a reform increases domestic saving. In this paper I use evidence from Chile, where social security was privatized in 1981, to assess the impact of such a reform on household saving rates. I find that the reform provided a significant stimulus for saving among higher income households, increasing their saving rates by more than seven percentage points. This increase in saving at the household level translates into an increase in national saving of more than two percent of GDP.
Language and Domain-Independent Named Entity Recognition : Experiment using SVM and High-Dimensional Features

This paper presents the results of experiments aiming to explore a baseline solution for the named entity recognition problem using a language-independent, domainindependent approach. The first domain chosen for this experiment is the biomedical publications domain, especially selected due to its importance and inherent challenges. A supervised learning approach using Support Vector Machines (SVM) and high-dimensional features is used. Single-class and multi-class classification performance and results are examined. The approach used eliminates prior language knowledge such as part-of-speech or noun phrase tagging thereby allowing for its applicability across languages. No domain-specific knowledge is included. The initial results are comparable to those obtained using more complex approaches despite problems faced due to memory and computational power limitations. The multi-class F! =1 score for the right boundary identification is 79.3%, for the left boundary identification is 69.9%, and the score for the semantic composite classification is 63.5%.
Nucleus accumbens lesions impair context, but not cue, conditioning in rats

PREVIOUS work has provided evidence of a role for the hippocampal formation in contextual as opposed to cue conditioning. Similar deficits have been observed after transection of the fimbria/fornix, part of which consists of the hippocampal-nucleus accumbens (N.Acc) connection arising from both the dorsal and ventral subiculum. By means of electrolytic lesions of the N.Acc, we showed that the subiculo-accumbens projection appears to participate in aversive conditioning to context, but not to a cue (tone). Freezing, measured as an index of learning, in the experimental context was greatly reduced in animals with lesions of the N.Acc, as compared with sham-operated controls. No difference was found in freezing to a distinct tone. These data lend further support to the notion that the N.Acc is an important interface between limbic structures and motor output.
Pitch Ability As an Aptitude for Tone Learning

Tone languages such as Mandarin use voice pitch to signal lexical contrasts, presenting a challenge for second/foreign language (L2) learners whose native languages do not use pitch in this manner. The present study examined components of an aptitude for mastering L2 lexical tone. Native English speakers with no previous tone language experience completed a Mandarin word learning task, as well as tests of pitch ability, musicality, L2 aptitude, and general cognitive ability. Pitch ability measures improved predictions of learning performance beyond musicality, L2 aptitude, and general cognitive ability and also predicted transfer of learning to new talkers. In sum, although certain nontonal measures help predict successful tone learning, the central components of tonal aptitude are pitch-specific perceptual measures.
An exploration of teacher learning from an educative reform‐oriented science curriculum: Case studies of teacher curriculum use

Educative curriculum materials provide teachers with authentic opportunities to learn new skills and practices. Yet, research shows teachers use curriculum in different ways for different reasons, and these modifications could undermine the learning goals of the curriculum. Little research, however, has examined the variation in teacher use of educative curriculum and the impact on teacher learning. In this article, we use organizational theory's concept of sensemaking to examine teacher learning from educative curriculum. Utilizing a multiple-case study methodology, we explored the variation in how teachers utilized the same educative, reform-oriented science curriculum to plan for instruction in addition to the differences in teacher interpretation and learning about argumentation from the curriculum. Participants included five middle school science teachers who differed with respect to teaching experience, prior exposure to argumentation, and school settings, including suburban and rural and public and private schools. Findings indicate that some teachers used the curriculum as a resource solely to support student learning, and consequently did not utilize the educative aspects or recognize the intended support for teacher learning. Second, we found that the teachers who actively engaged in their own learning while adapting the curriculum to their context made learning gains, indicating a need for teacher active reflection to learn new practices. Our findings suggest a need to shift teachers’ perspectives from viewing curriculum as a source of activities to a resource to support their own learning and professional goals. This study raises questions and makes suggestions for future educative curriculum development and teacher preparation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54: 141–168, 2017
Implementation aspects of an automatic probabilistic multi-hypothesis tracking system

Probabilistic multi-hypothesis tracking is an approach to simultaneously associate measurements to their unknown origins and estimate the states of the originating objects. This paper discusses some aspects of using PMHT within an automatic system for detection and tracking of maneuvering targets. With focus on closely spaced targets, some related previously published proposals are discussed and refined. Results obtained by an automatic tracking system using PMHT are presented.
Parenting goals and perceived shared and non-shared agency among kirogi mothers of a youth

Abstract This study examined the parenting goals and practices of Korean transnational mothers (referred to as ‘kirogi’) in order to understand how parents are preparing youth for success within a world of increasing globalization. Data are based on a cross-sectional convenience sample of Korean mothers (M age = 45.88) accompanying their youth (M age = 15.72) in the US and in NZ (N = 153). Results indicated that mothers rated youth’s educational/occupational self-development and humanistic life goals to be as important as educational/occupational achievement. Self-development and humanistic life goals were also found to be the most correlated to parenting strategies that accommodate youth, which, in turn, was the most predictive of outcomes. Discussion focuses on how globalization allows for parents with resources to find opportunities outside of their home country to achieve their parenting goals and to allow their youth to self-regulate their schoolwork successfully.