Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Musicians have enhanced subcortical auditory and audiovisual processing of speech and music

Musical training is known to modify cortical organization. Here, we show that such modifications extend to subcortical sensory structures and generalize to processing of speech. Musicians had earlier and larger brainstem responses than nonmusician controls to both speech and music stimuli presented in auditory and audiovisual conditions, evident as early as 10 ms after acoustic onset. Phase-locking to stimulus periodicity, which likely underlies perception of pitch, was enhanced in musicians and strongly correlated with length of musical practice. In addition, viewing videos of speech (lip-reading) and music (instrument being played) enhanced temporal and frequency encoding in the auditory brainstem, particularly in musicians. These findings demonstrate practice-related changes in the early sensory encoding of auditory and audiovisual information.
Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation During Chronic Anticoagulation : Continuation of Warfarin versus Bridging with Heparin

Patients chronically anticoagulated often require implantation of permanent pacemakers (PPMs) or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Many are high risk for interrupting anticoagulation. We evaluated the safety of different anticoagulation strategies. We performed a retrospective study of 962 consecutive patients undergoing initial device implantation (102 were bridged with heparin products while 76 had a therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) at the time of implantation) and compared bleeding complication rates. Post-procedure length of stay and cost were also compared. Preprocedural INR was not a predictor of bleeding complications. The use of a heparin product or dual antiplatelet therapy was associated with increased bleeding risk (p , 0.001). When bleeding complications did occur, the mean length of stay more than doubled (5.2 ¡ 3.8 days versus 2.3 ¡ 3.3 days, p 5 0.01) and the cost of hospitalization increased 62% ($15,019 ¡ 8663 versus $9,266 ¡ 7517, p 5 0.01). In patients at increased risk for thromboembolism, a strategy of proceeding with a therapeutic INR at the time of device implantation appears safer and is associated with reduced hospital length of stay and costs in comparison to bridging with heparin products.
Young Women With Major Depression Live on Higher Homeostatic Sleep Pressure Than Healthy Controls

There is mounting evidence for the involvement of the sleep-wake cycle and the circadian system in the pathogenesis of major depression. However, only a few studies so far focused on sleep and circadian rhythms under controlled experimental conditions. Thus, it remains unclear whether homeostatic sleep pressure or circadian rhythms, or both, are altered in depression. Here, the authors aimed at quantifying homeostatic and circadian sleep-wake regulatory mechanisms in young women suffering from major depressive disorder and healthy controls during a multiple nap paradigm under constant routine conditions. After an 8-h baseline night, 9 depressed women, 8 healthy young women, and 8 healthy older women underwent a 40-h multiple nap protocol (10 short sleep-wake cycles) followed by an 8-h recovery night. Polysomnographic recordings were done continuously, and subjective sleepiness was assessed. In order to measure circadian output, salivary melatonin samples were collected during scheduled wakefulness, and the circadian modulation of sleep spindles was analyzed with reference to the timing of melatonin secretion. Sleep parameters as well as non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep electroencephalographic (EEG) spectra were determined for collapsed left, central, and right frontal, central, parietal, and occipital derivations for the night and nap-sleep episodes in the frequency range . 75–25 Hz. Young depressed women showed higher frontal EEG delta activity, as a marker of homeostatic sleep pressure, compared to healthy young and older women across both night sleep episodes together with significantly higher subjective sleepiness. Higher delta sleep EEG activity in the naps during the biological day were observed in young depressed women along with reduced nighttime melatonin secretion as compared to healthy young volunteers. The circadian modulation of sleep spindles between the biological night and day was virtually absent in healthy older women and partially impaired in young depressed women. These data provide strong evidence for higher homeostatic sleep pressure in young moderately depressed women, along with some indications for impairment of the strength of the endogenous circadian output signal involved in sleep-wake regulation. This finding may have important repercussions on the treatment of the illness as such that a selective suppression of EEG slow-wave activity could promote acute mood improvement. (Author correspondence: Christian.cajochen@upkbs.ch)
The Origin of Cultural Differences in Cognition

A large body of research documents cognitive differences between Westerners and East Asians. Westerners tend to be more analytic and East Asians tend to be more holistic. These findings have often been explained as being due to corresponding differences in social orientation. Westerners are more independent and Easterners are more interdependent. However, comparisons of the cognitive tendencies of Westerners and East Asians do not allow us to rule out alternative explanations for the cognitive differences, such as linguistic and genetic differences, as well as cultural differences other than social orientation. In this review we summarize recent developments that provide stronger support for the social orientation hypothesis.
Maladaptive Daydreaming: Proposed Diagnostic Criteria and Their Assessment With a Structured Clinical Interview

Daydreaming, a common mental activity, can be excessive and accompanied by distress and impaired functioning in daily life. Although currently not formally identified by diagnostic manuals, daydreaming disorder (maladaptive daydreaming [MD]) is a clinically well-defined phenomenon. However, research is lacking regarding the diagnostic reliability of MD. Our aims were (a) to develop diagnostic criteria and a structured interview for MD, (b) to examine the reliability of this measure for distinguishing individuals with and without MD, and (c) to establish an optimal cutoff score for identifying clinical-level MD using an existing self-report measure. Thirty-one individuals who met screening criteria for MD and 31 matched controls completed the self-report measure and participated in 2 structured clinical interviews. Each participant was interviewed independently by 2 clinicians blind to the participant’s group membership. Cohen’s kappa values for the agreement rate between each interviewer and the screening criterion, and between the 2 interviewers, ranged from good to excellent (&kgr; = .63–.84). A cutoff score of 50 on the self-report measure yielded nearly perfect sensitivity and specificity and good-to-excellent agreement between the self-report measure and the interview (&kgr; = .68–.81). Our interviews were conducted over the Internet, rather than in person; results might have been influenced by self-selection; and interviewing wider samples is warranted. We found that MD can be diagnosed reliably using a structured interview developed for that purpose. The new diagnostic interview showed excellent agreement with a self-report measure for the disorder. Additionally, we identified a useful cutoff score for future self-report research.
A Current-Conveyor Based Buffer for High-Bandwidth and Low Input Impedance Outdoor WOC Applications

Moustafa Hussein Aly A Current-Conveyor Based Buffer for High-Bandwidth and Low Input Impedance Outdoor WOC Applications This work presents a method for solving an outdoor WOC receiving problem. A current conveyor based buffer is designed and simulated under wide range of operating conditions. Effects on bandwidth and input impedance are simulated and compared with previously designed architectures resulting in a better performance. Parameters that affect the design are investigated including photodiode internal capacitance, control feedback resistance, resistive and capacitive loads, temperature, input and output noise levels. OrCAD 10.5 used as a simulation tool in the paper.
chapter 9 Perceptual Learning : Association and Differentiation

An animal (or person) trained to respond in a given way to one stimulus will tend to show the same behavior (although usually with reduced vigor) when confronted with another similar stimulus. The standard explanation for this phenomenon of generalization is, in principle, very simple. It is acknowledged that the event or object that the experimenter refers to, for convenience, as a stimulus will always be, in fact, a complex made up of many features or elements. The simplest of tones, such as might be used in the animal conditioning laboratory, has a definable intensity, duration, frequency, site of origin, and so on. All of these features may be presumed to be capable of entering into associations and thus of contributing to a conditioned response (CR) that the tone can come to elicit as a result of training. Another stimulus such as a clicker may appear to be quite different from the tone but it will hold some features in common with the latter. The situation is shown in Fig. 9.1. Each circle represents the set of features that constitutes a stimulus. Each of the stimuli, A and B, possesses certain unique and defining features (represented by the areas marked a and b). However, A and B also have some
Behavioral / Systems / Cognitive Thermoregulatory Phenotype of the Trpv 1 Knockout Mouse : Thermoeffector Dysbalance with Hyperkinesis

Andras Garami,1 Eszter Pakai,1 Daniela L. Oliveira,1 Alexandre A. Steiner,1 Samuel P. Wanner,1,2 M. Camila Almeida,1 Vladimir A. Lesnikov,3 Narender R. Gavva,4 and Andrej A. Romanovsky1 1Systemic Inflammation Laboratory, Trauma Research, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, 2Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil, 3Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, and 4Department of Neuroscience, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
Goniometer-based femtosecond crystallography with X-ray free electron lasers

Significance The extremely short and bright X-ray pulses produced by X-ray free-electron lasers unlock new opportunities in crystallography-based structural biology research. Efficient methods to deliver crystalline material are necessary due to damage or destruction of the crystal by the X-ray pulse. Crystals for the first experiments were 5 µm or smaller in size, delivered by a liquid injector. We describe a highly automated goniometer-based approach, compatible with crystals of larger and varied sizes, and accessible at cryogenic or ambient temperatures. These methods, coupled with improvements in data-processing algorithms, have resulted in high-resolution structures, unadulterated by the effects of radiation exposure, from only 100 to 1,000 diffraction images. The emerging method of femtosecond crystallography (FX) may extend the diffraction resolution accessible from small radiation-sensitive crystals and provides a means to determine catalytically accurate structures of acutely radiation-sensitive metalloenzymes. Automated goniometer-based instrumentation developed for use at the Linac Coherent Light Source enabled efficient and flexible FX experiments to be performed on a variety of sample types. In the case of rod-shaped Cpl hydrogenase crystals, only five crystals and about 30 min of beam time were used to obtain the 125 still diffraction patterns used to produce a 1.6-Å resolution electron density map. For smaller crystals, high-density grids were used to increase sample throughput; 930 myoglobin crystals mounted at random orientation inside 32 grids were exposed, demonstrating the utility of this approach. Screening results from cryocooled crystals of β2-adrenoreceptor and an RNA polymerase II complex indicate the potential to extend the diffraction resolution obtainable from very radiation-sensitive samples beyond that possible with undulator-based synchrotron sources.
Simulated annealing study of neutral and charged clusters: Aln and Gan

Density functional calculations with simulated annealing have been performed for clusters of aluminum Aln and gallium Gan up to n=10. There are many local minima in the energy surfaces, with a rich variety of structures and spin multiplicities. With increasing cluster size we find transitions from planar to nonplanar structures at n=5, and to states with minimum spin degeneracy at n=6. Isomers (n≥5) with buckled planar structures reminiscent of the layers in crystalline α‐gallium are generally less stable than ‘‘three‐dimensional’’ isomers. All structures show regular patterns of bond and dihedral angles. Systematic differences between Al and Ga clusters—bonds in the latter are shorter and bond angles closer to 90°—can be understood in terms of atomic properties. Trends in binding and ionization energies are compared with experiment and with the predictions of other calculations.
Analysis and design of an electro-optic 2 × 2 switch using Ti: KNbO 3 as a waveguide based on MZI at 1 . 3 µ m

This work describes an approach to design a 2 × 2 optoelectronic switch based on the Mach–Zehnder interferometer with a channel proﬁle of Titanium (Ti) diffused in Potassium niobate (KNbO 3 ) at a wavelength of 1 . 3 µ m. The evaluation parameters used are the insertion loss and the extinction ratio. The originality of this work is introducing the KNbO 3 crystal as a host while optimizing the Ti strip thickness to provide a remarkable switching performance. Optimization leads to a lower switching voltage of 4V, an insertion loss of 0.0261dB and extinction ratio of 29.4dB. The designed switch has a high switching capability and degree of reliability.
A Neuropsychological Model of Memory and Consciousness

In my contribution to the first edition of this volume, I avoided speculating about different kinds of memory. Instead, I concentrated on identifying the sufficient conditions for distinguishing between memory tests on which performance of amnesic patients is relatively intact and those on which it is impaired (Moscovitch, 1984). Those conditions are the basis of the current distinction between explicit and implicit tests of memory (Graf & Schacter, 1985). In the years since the book appeared, the theoretical and empirical literature on this topic has burgeoned as no other has done in cognitive psychology and neuropsychology. One of the main consequences of this enterprise has been a growing appreciation both of the varieties of memory and of the component cognitive processes and neurological mechanisms that underlie them (RichardsonKlavehn & Bjork, 1988; Roediger & Craik, 1989). The operational, descriptive approach I adopted in my previous chapter is still useful in classifying memory tests, but it is no longer adequate in dealing with the rich theoretical and empirical literature we now have. I therefore supplement it with (in fact, subordinate it to) theoretical speculations about the varieties of memory in normal and brain-damaged people.
Draft genome sequence of Dyadobacter tibetensis type strain (Y620-1) isolated from glacial ice

Dyadobacter tibetensis Y620-1 is the type strain of the species Dyadobacter tibetensis, isolated from ice at a depth of 59 m from a high altitude glacier in China (5670 m above sea level). It is psychrotolerant with growth temperature ranges of 4 to 35°C. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the draft genome sequence and annotation. The 5,313,963 bp long genome contains 4,828 protein-coding genes and 39 RNA genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Dyadobacter strain that was isolated from glacial ice. This study provides genetic information of this organism to identify the genes linked to its specific mechanisms for adaption to extreme glacial environment.
Milling of Heat-Treated Beech Wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Analysis of Surface Quality

Several previous studies have investigated the effects of heat treatment on the chemical composition, along with the physical and mechanical properties, of wood from various species. However, the effects of these property changes upon the machining properties and surface quality of machined wood have been studied much less. The main goal of this work was to investigate the comparative cutting power consumption during milling and the resulting surface roughness of heat-treated and untreated beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.). Several cutting regimes were tested by combining different values of rotation speed, feed speed, and cutting depth. The cutting power and the processing roughness were assessed and compared. The results clearly showed that the cutting power involved in the milling of heat-treated beech wood was up to 50% lower than that of untreated wood, but the processing roughness was slightly higher.
A Long-Term Effect of Perceptual Individuation Training on Reducing Implicit Racial Bias in Preschool Children.

This study tracked the long-term effect of perceptual individuation training on reducing 5-year-old Chinese children's (N = 95, Mage = 5.64 years) implicit pro-Asian/anti-Black racial bias. Initial training to individuate other-race Black faces, followed by supplementary training occurring 1 week later, resulted in a long-term reduction of pro-Asian/anti-Black bias (70 days). In contrast, training Chinese children to recognize White or Asian faces had no effect on pro-Asian/anti-Black bias. Theoretically, the finding that individuation training can have a long-term effect on reducing implicit racial bias in preschoolers suggests that a developmentally early causal linkage between perceptual and social processing of faces is not a transitory phenomenon. Practically, the data point to an effective intervention method for reducing implicit racism in young children.
Biogeographic mirages? Molecular evidence for dispersal‐driven evolution in Hydrobiusini water scavenger beetles

Water beetles of the tribe Hydrobiusini are globally distributed in the northern hemisphere and all austral continents except Antarctica. A remarkable clade also occurs in the Hawaiian Islands. The phylogenetic relationships among genera were recently investigated using a combination of molecules and morphology. Here, we use this phylogenetic framework to address the biogeographic evolution of this group using Bayesian fossil‐based divergence times, and model‐based maximum likelihood ancestral range estimations. We recover an origin of the tribe in the Cretaceous ca. 100 Ma. Our biogeographic analyses support an origin of the tribe in Laurasia followed by the colonization of Australia. However, a Gondwanan origin of the group cannot be ruled out when considering the fossil record. The timeframe of the tribe's evolution as well as the model‐based approach of ancestral range estimation favour a scenario invoking multiple transoceanic dispersal events over a Gondwana vicariance hypothesis. The Hawaiian radiation originated from long‐distance dispersal to now‐submerged islands, paired with dispersal to new islands as they formed.
Genome sequencing and comparative analysis of an NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST15 isolated from a refugee patient

Abstract The escalating problem of antibiotic resistance, specifically cabarpenemase and extended-spectrum β-lacatamase (ESBL) producing K. pneumoniae strains, is directly correlated with increased patient morbidity and mortality and prolonged hospitalization and costs. In this study, a comprehensive genomic analysis encompassing the resistomics, virulence repertoire and mobile genetic elements of an NDM-1 positive ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae EA-MEH ST15 isolated from a urine sample collected from a Syrian refugee was conducted. Illumina paired-end libraries were prepared and sequenced resulting in 892,300 high-quality reads. The initial assembly produced 329 contigs with a combined 5,954,825 bp and a 56.5% G+C content. Resistome analysis revealed the presence of several β-lactamases including NDM-1, SHV-28, CTX-M-15 and OXA-1 in addition to 18 other genes encoding for resistance, among which are aph(3′)-Ia, aac(6′)Ib-cr, armA, strB, strA and aadA2 genes. Additionally, five plasmids IncFIB(Mar), IncHI1B, IncFIB(pKPHS1), IncFIB(K) and IncFII(K) and four integrated phages were detected. In silico MLST analysis revealed that the isolate was of sequence type ST15. To our knowledge this is the first in-depth genomic analysis of a NDM-1 positive K. pneumoniae ST15 in Lebanon associated with the recent population migration. The potential dissemination of such MDR strains is an important public health concern.
Physical activity during adolescence and the development of cam morphology: a cross-sectional cohort study of 210 individuals

Introduction Cam morphology is a strong risk factor for the development of hip pain and osteoarthritis. It is increasingly thought to develop in association with intense physical activity during youth; however, the aetiology remains uncertain. The study aim was to characterise the effect of physical activity on morphological hip development during adolescence. Methods Cross-sectional study of individuals aged 9–18 years recruited from Southampton Football Club Academy (103 male) with an age-matched control population (52 males and 55 females). Assessments included questionnaires and 3 Tesla MRI of both hips. Alpha angle, epiphyseal extension and epiphyseal tilt were measured on radial images. Results Alpha angle and epiphyseal extension increased most rapidly between ages 12 and 14 years. Soft-tissue hypertrophy at the femoral head-neck junction preceded osseous cam morphology and was first evident at age 10 years. The greatest increase and highest absolute values of alpha angle and epiphyseal extension were colocalised at 1 o’clock. Maximum alpha angles were 6.7 degrees greater in males than females (p=0.005). Compared with individuals who play no regular sport, alpha angles were 4.0 degrees higher in individuals who play sport for a school or club (p=0.041) and 7.7 degrees higher in individuals competing at a national or international level (p=0.035). There was no association with leg dominance . Conclusions Sporting activity during adolescence is strongly associated with the development of cam morphology secondary to epiphyseal hypertrophy and extension with a dose-response relationship. Males participating in competitive sport are at particularly elevated risk of developing cam morphology and secondary hip pathology.