Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The drawing prism: a versatile graphic input device

Artists using conventional computer graphic input devices cannot produce the same visual effects which they can with traditional tools and media. The drawing prism is a new device which allows people to draw or paint directly into a frame buffer, using brushes, their hands, or a variety of other objects. These objects can be manipulated to achieve continuously adjustable line qualities and textures, in the same ways that artists have traditionally used their hands and tools.The device uses one face of a large transparent prisms as a drawing surface. A video camera views that surface from an angle such that it can only image the points of optical contact between drawing tools and the surface. These images are digitized and processed in real time so as to build up a drawing as the tools are moved along the surface. A layer of transparent liquid helps tools make optical contact with the drawing surface. Any light colored object can thus be used as a drawing tool.Details of the current implementation are provided along with suggestions for improving its resolution. Combinations of visual effects previously restricted to either traditional media or computer graphics are described and illustrated.
The Payback of Effective Innovation Programs: Empirical Evidence from Firms that Have Won Innovation Awards

Despite the widely held belief of the importance of innovation, the connection between innovation and firm performance is empirically inconclusive, partially owing to the limitations of existing innovation measures, which tend to ignore the effectiveness of innovation programs. In this study, we use the winning of innovation awards as a proxy for the effective execution of innovation. We conducted event‐study analyses based on data from more than 1000 publicly traded firms that won innovation awards between 1998 and 2003. Our statistical tests provide strong evidence that the performance of award‐winning firms is significantly higher as compared with several sets of control firms. Over an 8‐year period, starting from 4 years before to 3 years after the year of winning the first innovation award, the test sample's mean (median) change in return on assets is nearly 33% (24%) higher than that of a control sample. The evidence also suggests that effective innovation programs can increase firms' revenue, cost efficiency, and market valuation. Over the period, the control‐adjusted mean (median) change in sales, cost per dollar of sales, and Tobin's Q are 39.28% (20.71%), −5.52% (−3.80%), and 23.70% (3.16%), respectively. Panel data regression analysis provides additional insights on the performance impact of effective innovation programs. The results show that award winners are not only financially more successful but also enjoy an indirect benefit through better R&D execution, which increases firm profitability in both the short term and long term.
Multichannel blind deconvolution of spatially misaligned images

Existing multichannel blind restoration techniques assume perfect spatial alignment of channels, correct estimation of blur size, and are prone to noise. We developed an alternating minimization scheme based on a maximum a posteriori estimation with a priori distribution of blurs derived from the multichannel framework and a priori distribution of original images defined by the variational integral. This stochastic approach enables us to recover the blurs and the original image from channels severely corrupted by noise. We observe that the exact knowledge of the blur size is not necessary, and we prove that translation misregistration up to a certain extent can be automatically removed in the restoration process.
Preschoolers' evaluations of teacher methods of intervention in social transgressions

Children at 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years of age (n = 76) were asked to evaluate how preschool teachers should intervene in children's social transgressions. Intervention methods included explanations about the consequences of acts, the use of punishment, and teacher-directed nonintervention
CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes and the skin.

T lymphocytes show a special affinity for the skin. Although the roles played by the CD4+ population of T lymphocytes in immunodermatology were so far actively investigated, much less is known about the roles played in the skin by CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). The activity of CD8+ CTL in the immunodermatological context, however, is likely to be most important; the immuno-biology itself of CD8+ CTL, moreover, although far from being fully understood, shows intriguing characteristics. Immunophenotype, function and cytokine profile of CD8+ CTL are overviewed in the first section of this review. Phenotypically, not only CD8+ CTL can be subdivided into CD8+ CD28+ CD11b- and CD8+ CD28- CD11b+ subsets, but also an up-to-now undetected CD8+ CD28- CD11b- subset does exist. Functionally, not only "cytotoxic" but even "suppressor" subpopulations have been shown to exert cytolytic capabilities indeed, and "suppression" itself may be due to such a lytic capacity. According to cytokine synthesis, CD8+ CTL can be split into Tc1 and Tc2 subsets, each able to influence specific patterns of immune responses. The impact of CD8+ CTL in immunodermatology, overviewed in the second section of the current review, is crucial. The pathophysiology of inflammatory dermatoses is deeply influenced by the activity of CD8+ CTL: e.g., CD8+ CTL within psoriatic epidermis are possibly associated to the persistence of psoriatic lesions not undergoing resolution; on the other hand, in late lesions of lichen planus CD8+ CTL predominate, thus explaining presumably both the cytolytic attack against keratinocytes and the modulation of the inflammatory reaction up to the final resolution of the lesions, Tc1 cells are decreased in atopic dermatitis, and such a decrease can account both for IgE overproduction and for development of infections. Finally, CD8+ CTL can sustain against cutaneous viruses/tumors cytolytic immune responses not only of secondary but even of primary type, i.e. induced by Langerhans cells/dendritic cells either transfected or pulsed with skin virus/tumor-associated antigens, thus allowing the production of vaccines against cutaneous viral/neoplastic diseases.
Narrative and the Self

Acknowledgments Introduction I. Time and Memory The Time of Our Lives Memory and Recollection II. On Narrative OI Am IO The Story of Our Lives III. The Subject He Who Says OEgoO Signs of Derrida The Alter Ego Narrative and Truth The Cogito The Semiotic Subject IV. Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index
Guild-specific Patterns of Species Richness and Host Specialization in Plant–herbivore Food Webs from a Tropical Forest

1. The extent to which plant–herbivore feeding interactions are specialized is key to understand the processes maintaining the diversity of both tropical forest plants and their insect herbivores. However , studies documenting the full complexity of tropical plant–herbivore food webs are lacking. 2. We describe a complex, species-rich plant–herbivore food web for lowland rain forest in Papua New Guinea, resolving 6818 feeding links between 224 plant species and 1490 herbivore species drawn from 11 distinct feeding guilds. By standardizing sampling intensity and the phylogenetic diversity of focal plants, we are able to make the first rigorous and unbiased comparisons of speci-ficity patterns across feeding guilds. 3. Specificity was highly variable among guilds, spanning almost the full range of theoretically possible values from extreme trophic generalization to monophagy. 4. We identify guilds of herbivores that are most likely to influence the composition of tropical forest vegetation through density-dependent herbivory or apparent competition. 5. We calculate that 251 herbivore species (48 of them unique) are associated with each rain forest tree species in our study site so that the 200 tree species coexisting in the lowland rain forest community are involved in 50 000 trophic interactions with 9600 herbivore species of insects. This is the first estimate of total herbivore and interaction number in a rain forest plant–herbivore food web. 6. A comprehensive classification of insect herbivores into 24 guilds is proposed, providing a framework for comparative analyses across ecosystems and geographical regions.
Development of a handy mobile 4-hydrophone array system for in-situ census of the Ganges river dolphins (platanista gangetica)

Around 15-20 Ganges river dolphins (platanista gangetica) inhabit the 12-km stretch from Karnavas to Narora Barrage in the Ganges river system. However, more than 10 dolphins were carried away downstream after the flood of June-July 2013. In order to urgently conduct a quick census to secure the dolphins in the original habitat, the existing compact four-hydrophone array system (J-Array) was remodeled for towing, and a function to display the real-time acoustic data on a GUI (Graphical User Interface) on an operational PC at the site was added. Using the new J-Array system, the initial in-situ census in combination with acoustic and visual census was conducted for two days from 19 to 20 November 2013. The functions that were added to the new J-Array performed well. Immediately following the towing survey, using both the acoustic and visual census data, an estimate of the number of the dolphins was made at the site. It was estimated that a minimum of six dolphins were still in the habitat. Off-line acoustic data analysis results were also found in accordance with the in-situ census results. From this, the effectiveness of the new J-Array system for conducting in-situ census has been demonstrated.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Atmospheric Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (pan): a Global Budget and Source Attribution

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formed in the atmospheric oxidation of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) is the principal tropospheric reservoir for nitrogen oxide radicals (NO x = NO + NO 2). PAN enables the transport and release of NO x to the remote troposphere with major implications for the global distributions of ozone and OH, the main tropospheric oxidants. Simulation of PAN is a challenge for global models because of the dependence of PAN on vertical transport as well as complex and uncertain NMVOC sources and chemistry. Here we use an improved representation of NMVOCs in a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and show that it can simulate PAN observations from aircraft campaigns worldwide. The immediate carbonyl precursors for PAN formation include acetaldehyde (44 % of the global source), methylgly-oxal (30 %), acetone (7 %), and a suite of other isoprene and terpene oxidation products (19 %). A diversity of NMVOC emissions is responsible for PAN formation globally including isoprene (37 %) and alkanes (14 %). Anthropogenic sources are dominant in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere outside the growing season. Open fires appear to play little role except at high northern latitudes in spring, although results are very sensitive to plume chemistry and plume rise. Lightning NO x is the dominant contributor to the observed PAN maximum in the free troposphere over the South Atlantic .
Oxford Guide to Behavioural Experiments in Cognitive Therapy

Foreword 1. Behavioural experiments: historical and conceptual underpinnings 2. Devising effective behavioural experiments 3. Panic disorder and agoraphobia 4. Health anxiety 5. Obsessive-compulsive disorder 6. Generalised anxiety disorder 7. Social anxiety 8. Specific phobias 9. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder 10. Depression 11. Bipolar affective disorders 12. Psychotic symptoms 13. Eating disorders 14. Insomnia 15. Physical illness and disability 16. Acquired brain injury 17. Avoidance of affect 18. Self-injurious behaviour 19. Interpersonal difficulties 20. Low self-esteem 21. Behavioural experiments: at the crossroads
Basolateral amygdala supports the maintenance of value and effortful choice of a preferred option

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is known to be involved in appetitive behavior, yet its role in cost‐benefit choice of qualitatively different rewards (more/less preferred), beyond magnitude differences (larger/smaller), is poorly understood. We assessed the effects of BLA inactivations on effortful choice behavior. Rats were implanted with cannulae in BLA and trained to stable lever pressing for sucrose pellets on a progressive ratio schedule. Rats were then introduced to a choice: chow was concurrently available while they could work for the preferred sucrose pellets. Rats were infused with either vehicle control (aCSF) or baclofen/muscimol prior to test. BLA inactivations produced a significant decrease in lever presses for sucrose pellets compared to vehicle, and chow consumption was unaffected. Inactivation had no effect on sucrose pellet preference when both options were freely available. Critically, when lab chow was not concurrently available, BLA inactivations had no effect on the number of lever presses for sucrose pellets, indicating that primary motivation in the absence of choice remains intact with BLA offline. After a test under specific satiety for sucrose pellets, BLA inactivation rendered animals less sensitive to devaluation relative to control. The effects of BLA inactivations in our task are not mediated by decreased appetite, an inability to perform the task, a change in food preference, or decrements in primary motivation. Taken together, BLA supports the specific value and effortful choice of a preferred option.
Singularities and non-hyperbolic manifolds do not coincide

We consider the billiard flow of elastically colliding hard balls on the flat ν-torus (ν ⩾ 2), and prove that no singularity manifold can even locally coincide with a manifold describing future non-hyperbolicity of the trajectories. As a corollary, we obtain the ergodicity (actually the Bernoulli mixing property) of all such systems, i.e. the verification of the Boltzmann–Sinai ergodic hypothesis.
Prevention of Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity by an Experimental Antioxidant Compound

Doxorubicin is a widely used anticancer agent, but its application is restricted by its cardiotoxic side effects. The current theory of its cardiotoxicity is based on free radical formation. The compound H-2545, having a 3-carboxamido-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole moiety, was reported to exhibit antioxidant properties and accumulate in cell membranes, scavenging free radicals at the site of formation. Therefore, we hypothesized that H-2545 could reduce the doxorubicin-induced acute deterioration of cardiac function. Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were treated with doxorubicin and/or H-2545, its metabolite H-2954, or dihydrolipoamide. High-energy phosphate levels, contractile function, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and Akt phosphorylation were investigated. We also determined whether the antioxidants influenced doxorubicin toxicity on malignant cells. During perfusion with doxorubicin, the energetic and functional parameters of the myocardium were improved by adding H-2545. H-2545 significantly diminished doxorubicin-induced lipid and protein damage. On H-2545 treatment, the doxorubicin-triggered Akt phosphorylation was markedly reduced, whereas dihydrolipoamide had such an effect only at higher concentrations. H-2545 did not alter the anticancer effect of doxorubicin on malignant cell lines. We propose that the coadministration of the antioxidant H-2545 attenuates doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity without interfering with its anticancer effects. Prevention of the acute adverse effects of doxorubicin on myocardium may hinder the later development of cardiomyopathy.
Screened hybrid and DFT + U studies of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of U3O8

A systematic comparison of the structures and electronic and optical properties of U3O8 in the c2mm, P 6 ̄ 2 m? > , and P21/m structures (the α, β, and γ phases, respectively) is performed using density functional theory + U (PBE + U) and the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof screened hybrid functional (HSE). The relationship between the semiconducting C2mm phase of U3O8 and the high temperature, metallic P 6 ̄ 2 m? > phase is explored in more detail. Our calculated results show that the HSE functional gives a better description of the electronic and optical properties when compared with available experimental data for the α and β phases, but neither approach does particularly well for the high pressure γ phase.
Cycle Analysis and Construction of Protographs for QC LDPC Codes With Girth Larger Than 12

A quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) code can be viewed as the protograph code with circulant permutation matrices. In this paper, we find all the subgraph patterns of protographs of QC LDPC codes having inevitable cycles of length 2i, i = 6,7,8,9,10, i.e., the cycles existing regardless of the shift values of circulants. It is also derived that if the girth of the protograph is 2g, g ges 2, its protograph code cannot have the inevitable cycles of length smaller than 6g. Based on these subgraph patterns, we propose new combinatorial construction methods of the protographs, whose protograph codes can have girth larger than or equal to 14.
Correction: Family Poverty Affects the Rate of Human Infant Brain Growth

In Figs ​Figs2,2, ​,33 and ​and44 of the published article the units of volume are incorrectly noted as cm3. The correct units are mm3. Fig 2 This figure shows total gray matter volume for group by age. Fig 3 This figure shows frontal lobe gray matter volumes for group by age. Fig 4 This figure shows parietal lobe gray matter volumes for group by age.
Prevalence of antibodies to cardiolipin in chronic ITP and reactivity with platelet membranes

Anti‐cardiolipin antibodies (ACLA) have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia. When sera from 40 patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were analyzed for ACLA, these autoantibodies were present in 12 (30%). In 4 sera the antibody activity was restricted to the IgG or IgM isotype, respectively, while 4 of the samples contained both IgG and IgM antibodies. To elucidate the interaction between platelets and ACLA, we studied the reactivity of sera from non‐ITP patients with ACLA, with fragmented platelet membranes. None of them had a concurrent platelet deficiency, but sera from 8 (67%) of them showed increased IgG‐binding to platelet membranes. Absorbtion with cardiolipin reduced membrane binding in 6 (50%). C3 levels were normal, while low C4 values occurred in both groups with significantly lower levels in ACLA‐positive patients (p<0.05). Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were common in both groups.
Selection Acts on DNA Secondary Structures to Decrease Transcriptional Mutagenesis

Single-stranded DNA is more subject to mutation than double stranded. During transcription, DNA is transiently single stranded and therefore subject to higher mutagenesis. However, if local intra-strand secondary structures are formed, some bases will be paired and therefore less sensitive to mutation than unpaired bases. Using complete genome sequences of Escherichia coli, we show that local intra-strand secondary structures can, as a consequence, be used to define an index of transcription-driven mutability. At gene level, we show that natural selection has favoured a reduced transcription-driven mutagenesis via the higher than expected frequency of occurrence of intra-strand secondary structures. Such selection is stronger in highly expressed genes and suggests a sequence-dependent way to control mutation rates and a novel form of selection affecting the evolution of synonymous mutations.
KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KONTEKS PENINGKATAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN

Pada prinsip pengelolaannya, baik sekolah maupun perguruan tinggi sama-sama membutuhkan penjaminan mutu sebagai tolok ukur untuk menilai keberhasilan atau kegagalannya. Lembaga pendidikan yang bermutu dapat terwujud apabila didukung oleh pemimpin yang paham tentang manajemen karena salah satu aspek terpenting mempengaruhi kualitas pendidikan adalah kepemimpinan dan manajemen mutu. Kepemimpinan itu adalah suatu proses mempengaruhi kegiatan seseorang atau kelompok dalam situasi tertentu untuk tujuan bersama. Artinya terjadi proses interaksi antara pemimpin, yang dipimpin, dan situasi. Kepemimpinan seyogianya melekat pada diri pemimpin dalam wujud kepribadian (personality), kemampuan (ability), dan kesanggupan (capability) guna mewujudkan kepemimpinan bermutu atau Total Quality Management (TQM). Secara umum dapat dinyatakan bahwa kunci mutu pendidikan nasional terletak pada mutu pendidikan (sekolah) dan kunci mutu sekolah terletak pada mutu kegiatan belajar mengajar di kelas. Mutu kegiatan belajar mengajar pada akhirnya diukur dari mutu hasil belajar yang dicapai siswa. Peningkatan kualitas belajar siswa merupakan sebuah upaya kolektif dan tanggung jawab bersama dari semua komponen yang ada di sekolah dimana dalam pencapaiannya diperlukan kemampuan, kemauan, dan komitmen yang tinggi. Kepala sekolah sebagai pimpinan sekolah memiliki tanggung jawab yang tinggi dan penuh, secara langsung dalam membangun komitmen dan bekerja sama dengan semua komponen-komponen di sekolah dalam upaya pengembangan mutu pendidikan tersebut. Kepala Sekolah sebagai pemimpin mempunyai potensi menciptakan visi dan menterjemahkannya kedalam kenyataan serta berperan sebagai kekuatan sentral dalam menggerakkan kehidupan sekolah, juga memahami tugas dan fungsi dalam mengembangkan mutu pendidikan. Upaya untuk mewujudkan kepala sekolah yang handal dan berkualitas, seyogyanya dapat dilakukan pengelolaan tenaga kependidikan dengan penerapan prinsip ? oOe¼OC£ prinsip manajemen sumber daya manusia (Human Resource Management), dengan harapan akan dapat meningkatkan mutu pendidikan. Kata kunci : Kepemimpinan, Mutu Pendidikan, Kepala Sekolah.
Hemostatic system as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism has been associated with atherosclerosis. The mechanisms of atherosclerosis in patients with thyroid failure remain controversial. Hypofibrinolysis might be a risk factor for thromboembolic disease in subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). We measured fibrinolytic activity in patients with SH before and after levothyroxine (LT(4)) treatment and compared it to those of controls. We prospectively included 35 patients with SH and 30 healthy controls. We treated patients with LT(4) until almost 6 months after the euthyroid state has been achieved. We measured fibrinogen, D-dimer, antithrombin III (ATIII), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity, and factor VII. Clinical and anthropometric variables were recorded for both groups. We found increased levels of fibrinogen, PAI-1, and factor VII and decreased levels of ATIII activity in patients compared to control (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05). Decrease of tPA was not significant (p > 0.05). At the end of the LT(4) treatment, significant decreases were determined in PAI-1 and factor VII (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our data suggest an important role of hypofibrinolytic and hypercoagulable state on the development of atherosclerosis in patients with SH and beneficial effects of LT(4 )treatment for decreasing the risk of atherosclerosis.