Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Forest Malaria Transmission in Balaghat District, Madhya Pradesh, India

Background An epidemiological and entomological study was carried out in Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh, India to understand the dynamics of forest malaria transmission in a difficult and hard to reach area where indoor residual spray and insecticide treated nets were used for vector control. Methods This community based cross-sectional study was undertaken from January 2010 to December 2012 in Baihar and Birsa Community Health Centres of district Balaghat for screening malaria cases. Entomological surveillance included indoor resting collections, pyrethrum spray catches and light trap catches. Anophelines were assayed by ELISA for detection of Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein. Findings Plasmodium falciparum infection accounted for >80% of all infections. P. vivax 16.5%, P. malariae 0.75% and remaining were mixed infections of P. falciparum, P. vivax and P. malariae. More than, 30% infections were found in infants under 6 months of age. Overall, an increasing trend in malaria positivity was observed from 2010 to 2012 (chi-square for trend = 663.55; P<0.0001). Twenty five Anopheles culicifacies (sibling species C, D and E) were positive for circumsporozoite protein of P. falciparum (44%) and P. vivax (56%). Additionally, 2 An. fluviatilis, were found positive for P. falciparum and 1 for P. vivax (sibling species S and T). An. fluviatilis sibling species T was found as vector in forest villages for the first time in India. Conclusion These results showed that the study villages are experiencing almost perennial malaria transmission inspite of indoor residual spray and insecticide treated nets. Therefore, there is a need for new indoor residual insecticides which has longer residual life or complete coverage of population with long lasting insecticide treated nets or both indoor residual spray and long lasting bed nets for effective vector control. There is a need to undertake a well designed case control study to evaluate the efficacy of these interventions.
Using a life‐story approach in researching entrepreneurial learning: the development of a conceptual model and its implications in the design of learning experiences

Summarises the conclusions from research which explores how people learn to start and grow high performing businesses. Seeks to understand better the ways in which individuals learn to act entrepreneurially and also suggests how this understanding might influence the design of more effective learning experiences. Proposes a conceptual model of entrepreneurial learning, and assesses its implications for designing entrepreneurship education and development programmes. Findings indicate that there would be benefits from designing development programmes for current and aspirant business owners with a greater emphasis on personal development, based upon the entrepreneurial learning model proposed in the article.
Evolutionary Analysis on Spatial Locality in N-Person Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma

The purpose of this paper is to consider the eects of spatial locality on the evolution of cooperative behavior in the N-person iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (N-IPD) by focusing on two essentially distinct factors: the scale of interaction (which decides the neighboring members playing the N-person games) and the scale of reproduction (which decides the neighboring candidates for an ospring in each cell). We conducted evolutionary experiments of strategies for one-dimensional N-IPD game with various settings of these two factors. Experimental results revealed that these two factors bring qualitatively dieren t eects to the emergence of cooperative behavior. Furthermore, we investigated the dynamics of the evolution of spatial locality in N-IPD. When we introduced the evolution of the scale of interaction into our model, the dynamic evolution of the scale of interaction through generation facilitated the emergence of global cooperation when the scale of reproduction was relatively small. Experiments with the evolution of the scale of reproduction are also discussed.
Obstacle-avoiding wind turbine placement for power-loss and wake-effect optimization

As finite energy resources are being consumed at fast rate than they can be replaced, renewable energy resources have drawn an extensive attention. Wind power development is one such example, which is growing significantly throughout the world. The main difficulty in wind power development is that wind turbines interfere with each other. The produced turbulence, known as wake effect, directly reduces the power generation. In addition, wirelength among wind turbines is not merely an economic factor, but also it decides power loss in the wind farm. Moreover, in reality, obstacles exist in the wind farm which is unavoidable, e.g., private land, lake and so on. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, none of the existing works consider wake effect, wirelength and obstacle-avoiding at the same time in the wind turbine placement problem. In this paper, we propose an analytical method to obtain the obstacle-avoiding placement of wind turbines optimizing both power loss and wake effect. Simulation results show that the wind power produced by our tool is similar to that by the industrial tool AWS OpenWind. Besides, our algorithm can reduce the wirelength and avoid obstacles successfully while finding the locations of wind turbines at the same time.
Toxicological impact of detergent effluent on juvenile of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Buchell 1822).

The toxicity of commercial detergent effluent (containing Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates), a household cleaning agent was investigated with emphasis on histopathological effects using Juvenile African mud fish (Clarias gariepinus) with the mean weight 1.7 ± 0.2kg and standard length of 8.3 ± 0.3 cm. After series of range finding test, the fishes were exposed to lethal concentrations 0.00 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L, 0.02 mg/L, 0.03 mg/L, 0.04 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L and as well as sub-lethal concentrations 0.000 mg/L, 0.002 mg/L, 0.003 mg/L, 0.004 mg/L, 0.005 mg/L and 0.006 mg/L of detergent effluent for 56 days in a renewal bioassay procedure. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values for lethal and sublethal tests were 0.0166 mg/L and 0.0038 mg/L respectively. Respiratory disturbance, erratic swimming, loss of equilibrium, lethargies and sudden fish death were observed in the exposed fish and these varied greatly with differences in concentration of the toxicant and this shows that mortality increases with an increase in concentration. The differences observed in the mortalities of C. gariepinus at varying concentrations were significant (p < 0.05), an indication that mortality could be a factor of concentration and time of exposure. The liver of the control fish showed normal parenchyma appearance of hepatocyte with normal staining patterns of the cell. In the treated fishes, there was congestion of central vein, vacoulation of hepatocyte, oedema, cellular infiltration and cellular necrosis. Detergent effluent is highly toxic to Clarias gariepinus juveniles, which are more susceptible to this household cleaning agent’s effluent; therefore, an indiscriminate discharge of this effluent to the surrounding should be discouraged
Evolution and Rationality: Decisions, Co-Operation and Strategic Behaviour

Editors introduction 1. Towards a Darwinian theory of strategic decision-making: games and the biological roots of behaviour Peter Hammerstein 2. What do humans maximize? Claire El Mouden, Maxwell Burton-Chellew, Andy Gardner and Stuart West 3. Natural selection and rational decisions Alasdair Houston 4. Evolution, dynamics and rationality: the limits of ESS methodology Simon Huttegger and Kevin Zollman 5. Are rational actor models 'rational' outside small worlds? Henry Brighton and Gerd Gigerenzer 6. Pull, push or both? Indirect evolution in economics and beyond Siegfried Berninghaus, Werner Guth and Hartmut Kliemt 7. Schelling formalized: strategic choices of non-rational behaviour David H. Wolpert and Julian Jamison 8. Human cooperation and reciprocity Jack Vromen 9. Team reasoning, framing and cooperation Natalie Gold 10. An evolutionary perspective on the unification of the behavioural sciences Herbert Gintis 11. From fitness to utility Kim Sterelny.
Transmission of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Tax to Rabbits by tax-Only-Positive Human Cells

ABSTRACT The human T-cell lymphrotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is causally related to adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma and the neurodegenerative diseases tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. In the United States the prevalence of infection has been estimated to range from 0.016 to 0.1% on the basis of serologic tests for antibodies to the viral structural proteins. Blood from donors positive for antibodies to HTLV-1 or HTLV-2 is not used for transfusion. However, patients with the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma mycosis fungoides (MF) are HTLV-1 and -2 seronegative yet harbor proviral sequences identical to those that encode the HTLV-1 transactivating and transforming gene product p40tax in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and they usually have antibodies to p40tax. Moreover, a study of 250 randomly selected blood donors revealed that approximately 8% of these seronegative individuals also had HTLV-1 tax sequences and antibodies to p40tax, while they lacked sequences and antibodies related to gag, pol, or env. Thus, it seemed important to determine whether the “tax-only” state can be transmitted by transfusion. To this end, PBMCs from HTLV-1 and -2 seronegativetax-only-positive MF patients or from healthytax-only-positive blood donors were injected into adult rabbits, an established animal model for HTLV-1 infection. The PBMCs of all injected rabbits became tax sequence positive. These observations suggest that HTLV-1 tax can be transmitted bytax-only-positive mononuclear cells.
Sources of collective and individual efficacy of collegiate athletes

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine sources of information athletes select for self‐efficacy and collective efficacy information, the potential for additional categories of efficacy information, and patterns of sources among individual players or teams. Information was collected from 34 women collegiate basketball players prior to 12 basketball games. Results indicated that players do not choose the same sources for collective efficacy judgments as they choose for self‐efficacy judgments. The main difference between individual and collective efficacy sources occurs for sources outside of basketball, with these sources being more important than social comparisons for self‐efficacy, but less important than social comparisons for collective efficacy. Past performance was the most important source of information for both personal and collective efficacy. Players referred to previous practice performance more often than previous game performance. Discussion focuses on theoretical implications and practical application for coaches and athletes.
Perceptions of leadership effectiveness in schools for children who are blind or have low vision in Nigeria

This study used the standard-based essential behavioural leadership qualities (EBLQ) method of leadership assessment, to determine leadership effectiveness of the principals of the schools for children who are blind and have low vision in Nigeria, from the perspective of the teachers of these schools. The four-stage method of leadership assessment of the EBLQ method was used to analyze data (N = 271) collected through availability sampling, to determine leadership effectiveness of the principals relative to levels of essentiality of EBLQ items. Findings show a pattern of incongruence between rankings of essentialities and effectiveness of the principals on the EBLQ items. The principals were perceived most effective in having ‘excellent educational qualifications’ which was ranked fourth as essential for leadership effectiveness. The principals were also rated twentieth on ‘timely payment of salary’, which was ranked most essential for leadership effectiveness. Overall effectiveness of the principals, however, was described as exemplary. This study is expected to contribute to much-needed studies on leadership in the schools for the blind in Nigeria, as well as provide a coaching effect for the principals of these schools.
Serum PLR and LMR in Behçet's disease

Abstract The aim of this study is to determine platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocytes to monocytes ratio (LMR) levels in Behçet's disease (BD) and to investigate their relationships with disease activity. Hematological and inflammatory parameters including high-sensitivity C-reactive proteins (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), PLR, and LMR were examined in BD and healthy controls. Data from 140 patients with BD (108 with active and 32 with inactive disease) and 107 controls were enrolled. PLR (153.21 ± 65.44, 106.20 ± 28.91, P <.001, respectively) was remarkably higher, whereas LMR (5.37 ± 5.47, 8.95 ± 5.84, P <.001, respectively) was significantly lower in BD than in controls. Active BD patients had significantly higher PLR (159.20 vs 131.14, P = .037), ESR (38.30 vs 24.55, P = .017), and hs-CRP (30.20 vs 17.21, P = .027) than those with inactive BD. However, no significant difference in LMR was found between the groups. Moreover, PLR was positively correlated with BDCAF (r = 0.193, P <.05), hs-CRP (r = 0.402, P <.01), and ESR (r = 0.284, P <.01), whereas LMR was negatively correlated with BDCAF (r = –0.175, P <.05), hs-CPR (r = –0.263, P <.01), and ESR (r = –0.175, P <.05). Additionally, both PLR and LMR were shown to be independent factors for BD by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, a PLR level of 124.63 was determined as the best cut-off value by ROC analysis (sensitivity 64.3%, specificity 78.0%, and the area under the ROC curve 0. 753). PLR was elevated in active BD as compared to inactive BD. PLR may be a reliable, cost-effective, and novel potential parameter to help evaluate disease activity in BD.
Managerial and Technical Motivation: Assessing Needs for Achievement, Power and Affiliation

One of the most widely accepted theories of motivation is a trichotomy of needs theory popularized by David C. McClelland of Harvard University. Many organizational behavior textbooks today discuss McClelland's need for achievement, need for affiliation, and need for power. The three needs have been found to possess predictive power in a wide variety of settings, particularly organizational ones. Impressed by the ability of the three needs to explain behavior, but aware of the measurement problems associated with the Thematic Apperception Test which is used to assess these needs, the author searched for an alternative measurement approach. This book reports on those design efforts, validation of the instrument, and use of the instrument in organizational settings.
Characterization of antibiotic resistance in commensal bacteria from an aquaculture ecosystem

The objective of the study was to improve the understanding of antibiotic resistance (AR) ecology through characterization of antibiotic-resistant commensal isolates associated with an aquaculture production system. A total of 4767 isolates non-susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Sul/Tri), tetracycline (Tet), erythromycin (Erm), or cefotaxime (Ctx), originated from fish, feed, and environmental samples of an aquaculture farm with no known history of antibiotic applications were examined. Close to 80% of the isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance in media containing the corresponding antibiotics, and representative AR genes were detected in various isolates by PCR, with feed isolates had the highest positive rate detected. Identified AR gene carriers involved 18 bacterial genera. Selected AR genes led to acquired resistance in other bacteria by transformation. The AR traits in many isolates were stable in the absence of selective pressure. AR-rich feed and possibly environmental factors may contribute to AR in the aquaculture ecosystem. For minimum inhibitory concentration test, brain heart infusion medium was found more suitable for majority of the bacteria examined than cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton broth, with latter being the recommended medium for clinical isolates by standard protocol. The data indicated a need to update the methodology due to genetic diversity of microbiota for better understanding of the AR ecology.
On the Relationship Between Peer Isolation and Offending Specialization

Despite the salient role many criminologists accord peers as a source of influence in the frequency and character of offending, little is known about the role peers play in promoting offending versatility. The current study contributes to this understanding by testing the hypothesis that individuals isolated from peers display greater levels of specialization than their nonisolate counterparts. Using data from the National Youth Survey, the analyses examine (a) the contemporaneous effects of isolation from peers on offending versatility and (b) how changes in isolation status affect changes in offending diversity. Results indicate that peer isolates are more likely to specialize in offending than nonisolates. Moreover, individuals change their level of offending diversity after their status as a peer isolate changes. The discussion considers the implications of these findings and offers avenues for future research.
Silica exposure and disease in semi‐precious stone craftsmen, Minas Gerais, Brazil

BACKGROUND Brazil is an exporter of precious stones and craftsmen often work in poor conditions. We assessed silica-related diseases among crystal craftsmen and the complexity of its control. METHODS Case-series including 118 subjects evaluated from 2006 to 2015, based on medical interviews, chest X-rays, spirometry, and respirable silica samples. RESULTS Median age and length of exposure were 32 and 13 years, respectively. Silicosis, with 1/0 as a threshold, was diagnosed radiologically in 57 individuals (48.3%). Respirable silica concentrations were 0.9-29.3 times greater than the Brazilian occupational exposure limit. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve with the same diagnosis threshold showed best discrimination at a cut point of 12.5 years of exposure, corresponding to 4.85 mg-y/m3 of cumulative silica exposure. There was a significant decline in FEV1 across radiological and cumulative silica exposure categories. Eleven individuals (9.3%) had mycobacterial diseases at baseline or follow-up. CONCLUSION Crystal craftsmen continue to suffer from silicosis, lung function impairment, comorbidity, and death due to silicosis. To date collective protection in some work sheds has not diminished silica levels. Long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate further improvements in preventive measures. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:239-247, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Injured workers’ experiences of the workers’ compensation claims process: institutional disrespect and the neoliberal state

Abstract This paper reports on the results of a recent qualitative study of injured workers’ experiences of the claims process in NSW. It provides an analysis that suggests that recent legislative amendments to improve the process have been of limited value. The paper argues that the obstacles to reform derive from the institutional practices associated with the day-to-day management and administration of the claims process. While these practices are informed by a corporate-rationalist administrative logic, they are enacted through intersubjective relations that involve systematic disrespect and humiliation of work-injured claimants by insurance company officials. Such practices embody the principles and techniques of an intensified neoliberal governance in the Australian state.
Olfactomedin‐4 autoantibodies give unusual c‐ANCA staining patterns with reactivity to a subpopulation of neutrophils

Testing for the presence of ANCAs in circulation is part of the clinical examinations routinely performed upon suspected autoimmune disorders, mainly vasculitis. The autoantibodies are typically directed toward neutrophil MPO or PR3. These are major granule‐localized proteins, and similar to all hitherto‐described ANCA antigens, they are expressed by all neutrophils, and ANCA‐containing sera thus give rise to uniform reactivity toward all neutrophils in a sample. In this paper, we describe sera from 2 unrelated patients with diffuse inflammatory symptoms that gave rise to peculiar c‐ANCA patterns, only reacting with a subpopulation (roughly 30%) of human neutrophils. By immunoblotting, both sera reacted to the same antigen, which was expressed in intracellular granules. The antigen could be released to the extracellular milieu through secretion but also through the formation of NETs. Neutrophils have long been considered a homogenous cell population, but it is becoming increasingly clear that distinct subpopulations, defined by the presence or absence of certain proteins, exist. One such marker that defines a neutrophil subset is the granule protein OLFM4. The unusual, subset‐restricted c‐ANCA sera reacted only with OLFM4‐positive neutrophils, and MS analysis revealed that the autoantigen was, in fact, OLFM4. These data describe for the first time a c‐ANCA pattern reactive to only a subpopulation of neutrophils and identify the granule protein OLFM4 as a novel autoantigen.
Nutrient Cycling and Limitation: Hawaii as a Model System

Nutrient Cycling and Limitation has its roots in the long-neglected and currently unfashionable field of plant succession. Almost no mention is made of those topics – such as conservation biology, competition, rarity, species diversity and the link with ecosystem properties – that constitute the core of contemporary plant ecology. Rather, the book is about the dynamics of plant nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems: where nutrients come from, how long they persist in soils, and how nutrient flows through terrestrial ecosystems are regulated by feedback systems involving soil microbes, plant physiology and plant litter. The study of model systems and the utilization of environmental gradients is given concise exposition in chapters 2 and 3. Vitousek clearly regards this meth-odological theme as being of central importance, for it provides the subtext to almost every page. He argues the case for model systems in general, and environmental gradients in particular, as being the field ecologist's most parsimonious route to scientific enlightenment. He enthusiastically concludes that Hawaii is the best place in the world to study terrestrial plant nutrient dynamics, and presents a body of research findings that comprise a quite profound understanding of many of the fundamental biotic and abiotic processes that shape the world. One of the most impressive aspects of Nutrient Cycling and Limitation is the scope of the material it covers, and the extent to which the material is integrated to provide a truly ecosystem-level overview, that is itself placed neatly within a global context. I am aware of few scientific writers since Darwin who have shown such facility. Vitousek's gift for synthesis is exemplified by chapters 2 and 3, in which plate tec-tonics, geomorphology, atmospheric circulation, evolution , topographic effects on climate, and their consequences for weathering and soil chemistry, are all seamlessly interlinked to provide a very complete background to his research. Starting from Walker and Syers' (1976) model of phosphorus and nitrogen availability through long-term soil development, Vitousek considers the implications of nutrient dynamics for biological processes. He discusses the various parameters that could be measured, outlining their individual merits and drawbacks, and detailing potential confounding factors and his strategies for circumventing them. Assumptions are explicitly enunciated – an all too rare thing in ecology – and evidence is carefully weighted according to its reliance on assumption. Also notable is the emphasis on the widely differing time scales across which strong interactions occur. Whereas some of the processes …