Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A human factors approach to improving electronic performance measurement of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.

OBJECTIVE In 2011, our institution developed a venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis order set to monitor prophylaxis management through physician-generated risk assessment orders. Prophylaxis rates obtained using the risk assessment orders were falsely low compared with chart review. Our goal was to redesign the order set to increase the percentage of VTE risk assessments ordered, both to improve care and to better reflect performance. DESIGN Quality Improvement Project. SETTING Veterans Health Administration. PARTICIPANTS Patients admitted to acute care and intensive care medical units. INTERVENTIONS Process analysis was used to identify systems failures limiting use of the original order set. The order set was redesigned using a human factors approach. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE VTE risk assessment orders. RESULTS The order set was redesigned to reduce complexity and improve integration into provider workflow. The rate of risk assessment orders placed within 24 h increased from 48.6 to 80.4% (P < 0.001). There was no difference in the actual use of prophylaxis. However, for patients on prophylaxis, the rates of having a documented 'moderate' or 'high' risk assessment within 24 h increased from 66.7 to 95.7% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Using human factor principles to redesign an order set led to a significant increase in the percentage of patients with a risk assessment order placed within 24 h of admission. Although the risk assessments using the redesigned order set better reflected physician performance, it remained an imperfect measure for VTE prophylaxis. New technology used to measure human performance must be evaluated following implementation to assess accuracy.
Oxidation sensitivity may be a useful tool for the detection of the hematotoxic potential of newly developed molecules: application to antipsychotic drugs.

Some antipsychotic agents have been found to produce agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. The oxidation phenomena and/or the formation of free radicals has been suggested to be causally related to various hematological disorders, e.g., agranulocytosis. Using five experimental conditions, we tested the oxidative potential of compounds with and without a history of hematological side effects, e.g., agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. A statistical analysis was undertaken for each experimental condition and a multivariate analysis combining all results was performed. Two peroxidase-induced free radical models did not successfully discriminate between drugs with and without a history of causing hematologic problems (<70%). The lipid peroxidation system provided even less satisfactory discrimination, with only 56.25% correct classification. However, an 87.5% correct classification was obtained when using the oxidation potentials of these drugs determined at pH 4.7 and at pH 7.4. A multivariate analysis taking into account the five variables provided 87.5% success in classification. The two clusters were better discriminated in terms of a "distance coefficient. " In a second analysis, the putative antipsychotic pyridobenzodiazepine analogues (JL5, JL8, JL18, and JL25) were classified in the cluster of toxic compounds, while the oxa- and thiazepine analogues (JL2, JL3, and JL13) were classified as nontoxic compounds. On the other hand, a few metabolites of clozapine and fluperlapine were classified in the toxic compound group. The procedure described herein is, to our knowledge, the first which classifies molecules of different structures as well as different pharmacological profiles according to their hematotoxic potential. Such a procedure could be used to predict drug-induced hematological side effects.
First Offenders With Psychosis

Within the early/late start typology of offenders with schizophrenia, a third type, first offenders (FO), has been proposed. The aim of this study was to examine the justification of this first offender type. Retrospective file study consisted of 97 early starters (ES), 100 late starters, and 26 FO. Variables in different domains were scored. There were significant differences between the groups within the domains life functioning, abuse and family-related problems, psychiatric functioning, substance misuse, antisocial personality, and offense characteristics. Most differences were between the ES and FO. The existence of the first offender type is justified by the present findings. These findings underscore the importance of offender subtyping for better offender treatment interventions.
Youth ‘at risk’: further marginalizing the marginalized?

Youth ‘at risk’ is the currently favoured label used in Australian policy for youth whose educational outcomes are considered too low, with an emphasis on the risk of not completing senior secondary education. Although some research has identified factors contributing to this risk as stemming from complex interactions between individual and family circumstances as well as characteristics of schools and society, policy identification of youth ‘at risk’ has tended to simplistically focus on personal attributes of young people. Moreover, this identification has set up a false distinction between a supposed problematic minority versus a ‘normal’ majority. Thus, the dominant conceptualization of youth ‘at risk’ draws attention to what is wrong with these youth, rather than to what may be wrong with schooling. This paper examines both empirical observations and discursive conceptualizations to critique the ‘youth at risk’ label, and proposes use of the concept of ‘marginalized students’ instead, which identifies individuals not through their personal characteristics but through their relationship with schooling. This approach allows recognition that marginalization is at least in part a product of schools and society, and requires action in those arenas.
Physician Preferences for Physician-Targeted HIV Testing Campaigns

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force issued HIV testing recommendations, encouraging physicians to routinely test all adult patients for HIV. Studies have found that not all physicians are abiding by these guidelines, but that physician recommendations for HIV testing could encourage patients to get tested. Our study sought to determine physician preferences for a physician-targeted campaign to encourage them to offer HIV tests to their patients. The study took place across 19 publicly-funded community health centers. A web-based survey was sent to primary care physicians, assessing their preferences for physician-targeted HIV testing campaign elements. Response frequencies were calculated for each element. 175 physicians participated. Campaign elements were divided into “HIV Testing Information,” “Communication Tools,” and “Promotion Strategies. ” Physicians selected receiving a copy of the latest HIV testing recommendations, having patients ask for the HIV test, and receiving an EMR alert for HIV testing as their top elements for each category, respectively. An effective physician HIV testing campaign should include information about HIV testing recommendations, proof of patient receptiveness to HIV testing, and strategies to prompt HIV testing conversations. A multi-faceted approach combining patient and physician prompts to discuss HIV testing might be the most effective method to improve HIV testing rates.
Competition , Transport Infrastructure Investments and Cost-Bene t Analysis

The welfare e¤ects of transport cost reductions resulting from infrastructure improvements are investigated for an asymmetric-costs Cournot oligopoly embedded in a transport network. Transport users (direct) bene ts are compared to economy-wide e¤ects in order to assess the so-called indirect e¤ects, not captured in a standard cost-bene t analysis. Implications for the rst and second-best rules of investment in infrastructure are derived and their relation with competition-enhancing (-weakening) properties of transport capacity expansions is shown to hinge on demands concavity (i.e. the fraction of transport cost reductions that is passed on to consumers). Moreover, the magnitude and sign of the ratio of indirect e¤ects to direct bene ts depends inversely on the degree of diseconomies of scale and congestion externalities. This ratio has a non-monotonic relation with the curvature of demand and is negative for transport links with an initial level of demand below a certain threshold. Relying on numerical simulations, within a model calibrated for representative homogeneous-good industries (i.e. cement and steel), the analysis of non-marginal transport cost reductions ends the paper. Keywords: Transport Infrastructure, Competition, Cost-Bene t Analysis, Congestion. JEL Classi cation. L13, L90, H54, D61, D62
Insight into the Mechanism of Action of Marine Cytotoxic Thiazinoquinones

The electrochemical response of four natural cytotoxic thiazinoquinones isolated from the Aplidium species was studied using conventional solution-phase and solid-state techniques, based on the voltammetry of immobilized particles methodology. The interaction with O2 and electrochemically generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) was electrochemically monitored. At the same time, a molecular modeling study including density functional theory (DFT) calculations was performed in order to analyze the conformational and electronic properties of the natural thiazinoquinones, as well as those of their reduced intermediates. The obtained electrochemical and computational results were analyzed and correlated to cytotoxic activity of these compounds, highlighting some features possibly related to their mechanism of action.
Endocannabinoid modulation and metabolic maturation in the superior olivary complex

s p. 40 Publication “Metabolic Maturation of Auditory Neurones in the Superior Olivary Complex” p. 47 Publication “Depolarization-induced suppression of a glycinergic synapse in the superior olivary complex by endocannabinoids” p. 61 Unpublished manuscript “The role of the endocannabinoid system in the morphological development of neurons in the medial superior olive” p. 74 Unpublished manuscript “Postsynaptic endocannabinoid signalling modulates responses of adult MSO neurones” p. 116
Adult attachment and the inhibition of rejection

Abstract Recent research has identified the inhibition of negative interpersonal information as a critical social cognitive mechanism associated with adult attachment orientations. Sixty undergraduate participants were conditioned to associate one computer tone with interpersonal rejection, and another with acceptance. The tones were played again while the participants performed a lexical decision task that assessed the activation of rejection information. To the extent that individuals were low on attachment anxiety, the conditioned tones led to slower reaction times to rejection target words, indicating the inhibition of rejection expectations. The implications of such inhibitory processing are discussed.
3 a Obesity and Severe Obesity Forecasts Through 2030

Methods: Thestudywasconducted in2009–2010anduseddata fromthe1990 through2008Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The analysis sample included nonpregnant adults aged 18 years. The individual-level BRFSS variables were supplemented with state-level variables from the U.S. BureauofLabor Statistics, theAmericanChamberofCommerceResearchAssociation, and theCensusof RetailTrade.Futureobesityandsevereobesityprevalencewereestimated throughregressionmodelingby projecting trends in explanatory variables expected to influence obesity prevalence.
Gender differences in response to lorazepam in a human drug discrimination study

Gender differences in the discriminative stimulus properties of drugs of abuse have sometimes been reported, although we have previously found no differences in subjective or discriminative responses in human subjects acquiring an alcohol discrimination. The aim of the present work was to determine if there were gender differences in the effects of lorazepam, a benzodiazepine-receptor agonist which substituted for the alcohol stimulus in trained social drinkers. Volunteers who had already acquired an alcohol (0.2g/kg) placebo discrimination were administered (double-blind) either placebo (nine females, nine males) or lorazepam 2mg (six females, six males). They then sampled a series of five drinks and rated each one for likeness to the training stimulus (the generalization response). In addition they completed rating scales for subjective effects and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Lorazepam substituted for the alcohol stimulus equally in both sexes and increased associated scores for lightheadedness. Females however, showed a much greater DSST performance impairment following lorazepam, compared with males. This effect was independent of body weight differences and sedation. These results are discussed in the light of current knowledge of gender differences in response to drugs of abuse and suggest that the stimulus and cognitive effects of benzodiazepine-receptor agonists are modulated by different brain mechanisms.
LEF-1 Negatively Controls Interleukin-4 Expression through a Proximal Promoter Regulatory Element*

Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1) and T cell factor (TCF-1) are downstream effectors of the Wnt signaling pathway and are involved in the regulation of T cell development in the thymus. LEF-1 and TCF-1 are also expressed in mature peripheral primary T cells, but their expression is down-regulated following T cell activation. Although the decisive roles of LEF-1 and TCF-1 in the early stages of T cell development are well documented, the functions of these factors in mature peripheral T cells are largely unknown. Recently, LEF-1 was shown to suppress Th2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), -5, and -13 expression from the developing Th2 cells that overexpress LEF-1 through retrovirus gene transduction. In this study, we further investigated the expression and functions of LEF-1 and TCF-1 in peripheral CD4+ T cells and revealed that LEF-1 is dominantly expressed in Th1 but not in Th2 cells. We identified a high affinity LEF-1-binding site in the negative regulatory element of the IL-4 promoter. Knockdown LEF-1 expression by LEF-1-specific small interfering RNA resulted in an increase in the IL-4 mRNA expression. This study further confirms a negative regulatory role of LEF-1 in mature peripheral T cells. Furthermore, we found that IL-4 stimulation possesses a negative effect on the expressions of LEF-1 and TCF-1 in primary T cells, suggesting a positive feedback effect of IL-4 on IL4 gene expression.
The Contribution of NMDA Receptors in Antinociceptive Effect of Pregabalin: Comparison of Two Models of Pain Assessment

Background Pregabalin has shown remarkable antinociceptive effects in neuropathic pain; however, its efficacy against acute and visceral pain remained controversial. Objectives The present study aimed at investigating the involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the antinociceptive effect of pregabalin in both acute and visceral pain using and comparing hot plate test and writhing test in male mice. Methods NMDA (15 and 30 mg/kg), as an agonist or MK801 (0.02 and 0.05 mg/kg) as an NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, were injected intraperitoneally either alone or 15 minutes before a dose of pregabalin that produced almost 30% antinociception (100 mg/kg in hot plate test and 5 mg/kg in writhing tests). Then, the percentage of maximal possible effect (MPE%) at the 30th and 60th minutes in hot plate test and effect percentage (E%) in writhing test were measured and compared as antinociceptive indexes. Results In hot plate test, pretreatment with MK801 (0.05 mg/kg) significantly increased antinociceptive effect of 100 mg/kg pregabalin, but pretreatment with NMDA did not result in any effect. Pretreatment with MK801 in writhing test significantly increased the antinociceptive effect of 5 mg/kg pregabalin (In contrast to 30 mg/kg NMDA that significantly decreased it.). NMDA induced antinociception reduction or MK801 increased antinociception in writhing test were significantly higher than what was observed in hot plate test. Conclusions Our results suggested that pregabalin antinociception in acute and visceral pain is mediated through NMDA receptors. Although this effect depends on the dose of NMDAR ligand, it is more pronounced in the behavioral response in the writhing test.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Mediation Analyses: What If Planetary Scientists Used Mediation Analysis to Infer Causation?

Mediation analyses have become extremely popular in the social sciences generally, and in social psychology specifically, because they seem to grant the researcher the ability to draw causal conclusions from correlational data. But this is illusory. Correlation provides poor quality evidence of causation not only in the case of zero-order correlations but also in the case of more complex mediation analyses. The articles in this special issue provide compelling arguments as to why mediation analyses make a weak case for actual mediation. My goal is to cognitively prime the reader for these articles by presenting analyses pertaining to the mean orbital momentum, kinetic energy, and conversion energy of the eight planets of our solar system. Our solar system provides a dramatic case in point where mediation analyses provide blatantly wrong conclusions.
Bilateral Truncal Ligation of the Inferior Thyroid Artery during Bilateral Subtotal Thyroidectomy Causes a Decrease in Parathormone without Clinically Manifest Hypoparathyroidism: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Bilateral truncal ligation (BTL) of the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) is frequently used during subtotal thyroidectomy to reduce the risk of post-operative bleeding as well as to reduce the blood loss intra-operatively. However, its effect on parathyroid function has not been evaluated in relation to age, residual and resected thyroid volume. Methods: A total of 83 patients were randomized to receive non-BTL or BTL. After bilateral resection, the residual thyroid tissue on each side was measured by intra-operative ultrasonography. Laboratory and clinical examinations were performed the day before operation, intra-operatively and on post-operative days 2 and 5. The primary outcome measure was the difference in intact parathormone (PTHi) on post-operative day 5. Secondary outcomes were laboratory-diagnosed hypocalcaemia or hypoparathyroidism and clinically manifest hypoparathyroidism, respectively. Results: PTHi on post-operative day 5 was significantly lower in the BTL group (29.4 vs. 34.7 ng/l in the non-BTL group, p = 0.033), especially in 61- to 80-year-old patients (0 vs. -7.91 ng/l, p = 0.029). The biggest decline in PTHi was found in the BTL group (-14.067 ng/l PTH, p = 0.018) with a residual thyroid volume of 0.5-1.9 ml. There were two cases of asymptomatic hypoparathyroidism in each group (5.1 vs. 4.8%, respectively, p = 1.000). The only case of clinically manifest hypoparathyroidism was in a BTL group patient aged 64 years (2.4%, p = 1.000). Conclusion: BTL of the ITA during subtotal thyroidectomy causes a larger decrease in PTH but does not lead to a significantly higher rate of clinically manifest hypoparathyroidism. BTL of the ITA, age >61 years, and a very small thyroid remnant (<2 ml) may be risk factors for post-operative hypoparathyroidism.
An Efficient k-Means Clustering Algorithm: Analysis and Implementation

In k-means clustering, we are given a set of n data points in d-dimensional space R/sup d/ and an integer k and the problem is to determine a set of k points in Rd, called centers, so as to minimize the mean squared distance from each data point to its nearest center. A popular heuristic for k-means clustering is Lloyd's (1982) algorithm. We present a simple and efficient implementation of Lloyd's k-means clustering algorithm, which we call the filtering algorithm. This algorithm is easy to implement, requiring a kd-tree as the only major data structure. We establish the practical efficiency of the filtering algorithm in two ways. First, we present a data-sensitive analysis of the algorithm's running time, which shows that the algorithm runs faster as the separation between clusters increases. Second, we present a number of empirical studies both on synthetically generated data and on real data sets from applications in color quantization, data compression, and image segmentation.
Thrombospondin 2 Potentiates Notch3/Jagged1 Signaling*

Extracellular thrombospondins (TSP or THBS) and the Notch family of transmembrane receptors share a role in multiple, overlapping cellular functions and participate in developmental signaling and pathological reactions to tissue injury. We demonstrate that TSP2, but not TSP1, enhances the potency of Notch3 signal transduction. In addition, TSP2 reduces cancer cell proliferation in a Notch-ligand dependent fashion. The loss of TSP2 in knock-out mice reduces Notch target gene expression. TSP2 binds directly to Notch3 and Jagged1. TSP1 also binds to Notch3 and Jagged1; however, only TSP2 augments the interaction between Notch3 and Jagged1. These studies demonstrate that the diverse functions of TSP2 may also include a role as an intermediary protein that facilitates transcellular receptor-ligand interactions.
Calbindin‐D28K Immunoreactivity in the Human Cerebellar Cortex

Calbindin‐D28k (CB) is a calcium‐binding protein largely distributed in the cerebellum of various species of vertebrates. As regards the human cerebellar cortex, precise data on the distribution of CB have not yet been reported. Aim of the present work was to analyze the distribution of CB in postmortem samples of human cerebellar cortex using light microscopy immunohistochemical techniques. Immunoreactivity to CB was detected within neuronal bodies and processes distributed in all cortex layers. In the molecular layer, the immunoreactivity was observed in subpopulations of stellate and basket neurons. In the Purkinje neuron layer, the immunoreactivity was observed in practically all the Purkinje neurons. In the granular layer, the immunoreactivity was observed in subpopulations of granules, of Golgi neurons, and also of other types of large neurons (candelabrum, Lugaro neurons, etc.). Immunoreactivity to CB was also observed in axon terminals distributed throughout the cortex according to layer‐specific patterns of distribution. The qualitative and quantitative patterns of distribution of CB showed no difference among the different lobes of the cerebellar cortex. This study reports that CB is expressed by different neuron types, both inhibitory (GABAergic) and excitatory (glutamatergic), involved in both intrinsic and extrinsic circuits of the human cerebellar cortex. The study provides further insights on the functional role of CB and on the neuronal types of the cerebellar cortex in which it is expressed. Anat Rec, 297:1306–1315, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.