Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in Verbal and Visuospatial Forward and Backward Order Recall: A Review of the Literature

How sequential, verbal and visuospatial stimuli are encoded and stored in memory is not clear in cognitive psychology. Studies with order recall tasks, such as the digit, and Corsi span, indicate that order of presentation is a crucial element for verbal memory, but not for visuospatial memory. This seems to be due to the different effects of forward and backward recall in verbal and visuospatial tasks. In verbal span tasks, performance is worse when recalling things in backward sequence rather than the original forward sequence. In contrast, when it comes to visuospatial tasks, performance is not always worse for a modified backward sequence. However, worse performance in backward visuospatial recall is evident in individuals with weak visuospatial abilities; such individuals perform worse in the backward version of visuospatial tasks than in the forward version. The main aim of the present review is to summarize findings on order recall in verbal and visuospatial materials by considering both cognitive and neural correlates. The results of this review will be considered in the light of the current models of WM, and will be used to make recommendations for future studies.
From Top-Down to Trickle-Up Influence: Revisiting Assumptions About the Family in Political Socialization

A growing number of theorists are calling for a revival of research on political socialization based on the premise that children are active in their own civic development. We advance this argument a step further by proposing a model of family communication that reverses the roles of parents and children as conventionally understood in political socialization. Adolescent children are not merely receptive to political stimulation; they possess the power to transform patterns of family communication in ways that benefit themselves and their parents. We first challenge a series of interrelated assumptions about the nature and direction of influence in the family. We then document evidence of "trickle-up influence," in which child-initiated discussion--stimulated by a civics curriculum--prompts the parent to increase her civic competence via increased news media use, knowledge gain, and opinion formation. The parent's response reflects her desire to maintain a leadership role in the family, and more important from a theoretical perspective, it reveals the intrinsic forces of family adaptation that can make the home a powerful incubator of citizenship. Political growth occurs when the family system adjusts to reestablish equilibrium in response to exogenous factors or developmental needs that propel change. The ultimate purpose of this essay is to propose a functional model of family political communication. We apply theoretical perspectives from developmental literature to illustrate how political communication serves the family goals of autonomy and cohesion during various stages of the family life cycle.
Pipe organs and satsang: Contemporary worship in Shimla's colonial churches

This article explores two seemingly contrasting types of Christian worship (one led by the pipe organ and the other by satsang), which I repeatedly experienced (between 2006 and 2010) during my fieldwork in Shimla, North India. Although it is often assumed that the pipe organ speaks more to colonial worship and satsang to postcolonial worship, this article demonstrates that both of these styles of worship are actually postcolonial attempts to negotiate colonial history. This suggests a need to complicate contemporary external discussions of the inculturation of Christian worship in India. Furthermore, by focusing on the way that contemporary Christians work with missionary histories to create living landscapes of worship, this article demonstrates that Christian worship is central to the identity of many non-Christian residents and tourists, who are also central to the formation of Christian landscapes of worship. The article concludes by suggesting that these groups also need to be brought into debates about the nature of Christian worship in contemporary India.
Direct and Mediated Intercultural Contact: Koreans' Attitudes toward U.S. Americans

Abstract Guided by the intergroup contact hypothesis, this study tested two models examining the associations among Korean young adults' consumption of U.S. dramas, direct contact with a U.S. American person, and their attitudes toward U.S. Americans in general. Results demonstrated that personal contact and mediated contact had a positive effect on intergroup attitudes, but that frequency of personal contact was a negative contributor. Mediated contact had different and stronger influences on participants' intergroup attitudes when they did not have personal contact with U.S. Americans. In addition, intergroup anxiety played a significant role in the contact modes and attitudes links.
Screening Disability Insurance Applications

This paper investigates the effects of intensified screening of disability insurance benefit applications. A large-scale experiment was setup where in 2 of the 26 Dutch regions case workers of the disability insurance administration were instructed to screen applications more intense. The empirical results show that intense screening reduces long-term sickness absenteeism and disability insurance applications. This provides evidence both for direct effects of the more intensive screening on work resumption during sickness absenteeism and for self-screening by potential disability insurance applicants. We do not find any spillover effects to the inflow into unemployment insurance. A cost-benefit analysis shows that the costs of the intensified screening are only a small fraction of its benefits.
Protein polymorphism in native goats from central Argentina

Under the name of Creole goats, individuals of various origins, morphological and productivity characters are grouped. To characterize the genetic pool of goats from different sources in central Argentina, protein polymorphism revealed by electrophoresis was analyzed. A total of 109 adult animals from Santa Marõ Âa, ColoÂn and Ischilõ Ân Districts, CoÂrdoba Province, were studied. The red cells lysates were subjected to starch gel electrophoresis and speci®c staining procedures to reveal the activity of different enzymes and hemoglobin. Separation of plasmatic proteins was carried out by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and stained with Coomassie Blue. From a total of 14 loci analyzed, eight were polymorphic in at least one ̄ock. Four codominant alleles were detected in the locus bHemoglobin (bHb); three alleles in malic enzyme (Me), glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pdh) and lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh) and two alleles in catalase (Cat), transferrin (Tf), esterase-2 (Es-2) and phosphoglucomutase (Pgm). In all the cases, the observed genotype frequencies were not signi®cantly different from those expected from Hardy±Weinberg equilibrium. The proportion of polymorphic loci (P%) varied between 21.4% and 42.9% and mean heterozygosity (H), between 0.061 and 0.117. Alleles at loci Cat, Me and Es-2 showed signi®cantly different frequencies according to the sample origin. The ̄ock from ColoÂn District presented the highest levels of polymorphism. This is the only stock which includes hybrids of varying grade between Creole stocks and male specimens from Saanen and Nubian breeds. # 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Effects of sorbitol addition on the action of free and immobilized hydrolytic enzymes in organic media

The effect of the addition of sorbitol on the activity and stability of enzymes was examined by monitoring transesterification reactions performed in organic media at various water activities (aw = 0.08 to 0.97). Lipases from Chromobacterium viscosum and Candida rugosa immobilized on celite, and chymotrypsin, free or immobilized on celite, were used. When the sorbitol‐containing enzymes were employed, higher reaction rates and less hydrolysis were observed. Immobilization of chymotrypsin resulted in high activity and operational stability, while the nonimmobilized enzyme was stable only in the presence of sorbitol. The activity of all preparations diminished after washing them with pyridine to remove sorbitol. Furthermore, severe stability problems occurred in the preparations lacking sorbitol. Sorbitol treatment, even after removal of the sorbitol itself, improved the activity of nonimmobilized chymotrypsin relative to the washed control. On the other hand, washing to remove sorbitol had a negative effect on the activity of both coimmobilized lipase and coimmobilized chymotrypsin. Addition of a substrate analogue, N‐acetyl‐L‐phenylalanine, to chymotrypsin yielded a preparation that exhibited higher activity than both the control and its sorbitol‐containing counterpart. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements revealed that the chymotrypsin–sorbitol complex was stable against thermal denaturation, undergoing transition at a high temperature (89°C). The transition temperatures of the substrate‐containing chymotrypsin and of the control were identical (72°C). © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Determinants of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) among Non Smoking Adolescents (Aged 11–17 Years Old) in Greece: Results from the 2004–2005 GYTS Study

The aim of the study is to investigate the determinants of exposure to ETS among Greek adolescents aged 11–17 years old. The GYTS questionnaire was completed by 5,179 adolescents. About 3 in 4 responders (76.8%) were exposed to ETS at home, and 38.5% were exposed to ETS outside of the home. Gender, age group, parental and close friends smoking status were significant determinants of adolescent’s exposure to ETS. The results of the study could be valuable for the implementation of public health initiatives in Greece aiming to reduce the burden of adolescent’s exposure to passive smoking.
The Angelman Syndrome Protein Ube3a Is Required for Polarized Dendrite Morphogenesis in Pyramidal Neurons

Pyramidal neurons have a highly polarized dendritic morphology, characterized by one long apical dendrite and multiple short basal dendrites. They function as the primary excitatory cells of the mammalian prefrontal cortex and the corticospinal tract. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of polarized dendrite morphology in pyramidal neurons remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the Angelman syndrome (AS) protein ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A (Ube3a) plays an important role in specifying the polarization of pyramidal neuron dendritic arbors in mice. shRNA-mediated downregulation of Ube3a selectively inhibited apical dendrite outgrowth and resulted in impaired dendrite polarity, which could be rescued by coexpressing mouse Ube3a isoform 2, but not isoform 1 or 3. Ube3a knockdown also disrupted the polarized distribution of the Golgi apparatus, a well established cellular mechanism for asymmetric dendritic growth in pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, downregulation of Ube3a completely blocked Reelin-induced rapid deployment of Golgi into dendrite. Consistently, we also observed selective inhibition of apical dendrite outgrowth in pyramidal neurons in a mouse model of AS. Overall, these results show that Ube3a is required for the specification of the apical dendrites and dendrite polarization in pyramidal neurons, and suggest a novel pathological mechanism for AS.
A multilevel successive elimination algorithm for block matching motion estimation

An efficient algorithm is proposed to reduce the computation cost of block matching algorithms for motion estimation in video coding. Based on a new insight in block matching algorithms, we extend the successive elimination algorithm to a multilevel case. By using the sum norms of the blocks and the subblocks, tighter and tighter decision boundaries can be obtained for eliminating the search positions. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm combined with the full search algorithm and several fast search algorithms is verified by simulation results.
Protective Effect of Rotavirus VP6-Specific IgA Monoclonal Antibodies That Lack Neutralizing Activity

Rotaviruses are the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis and dehydrating diarrhea in young children and animals worldwide. A murine model and “backpack tumor” transplantation were used to determine the protective effect of antibodies against VP4 (an outer capsid viral protein) and VP6 (a major inner capsid viral protein). Only two non-neutralizing immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to VP6 were capable of preventing primary and resolving chronic murine rotavirus infections. These antibodies were not active, however, when presented directly to the luminal side of the intestinal tract. These findings support the hypothesis that in vivo intracellular viral inactivation by secretory IgA during transcytosis is a mechanism of host defense against rotavirus infection.
BSF-UED: A new time-efficient Bluetooth Scatternet Formation algorithm based on Unnecessary-Edges Deletion

We introduce a new time-efficient Bluetooth Scatternet Formation (BSF) algorithm, called BSF-UED (Unnecessary-Edges Deletion). BSF-UED forms connected scatternets deterministically. Heuristics are added to make these scatternets outdegree limited (that is, with no more than 7 slaves per piconet). The performance of the algorithm is evaluated through a range of simulation experiments. BSF-UED is compared against some of the most common BSF algorithms which are BlueStars, BlueMIS I, BlueMIS II, and BlueMesh. We show that BSF-UED provides a good balance between the usual scatternets performance metrics, while being time efficient (nearly 1/3 of the execution time of BlueMesh). BlueStars remains a faster algorithm, but with the major flaw of generating scatternets whose piconets have a large number of slaves.
Factors Influencing Income Inequality in Transition Economies

A sharp rise of income inequality in the transition countries has caused a wide-ranging discussion about the factors affecting inequality. The present paper investigates a number of factors that influence income inequality in the transition countries. The main contribution of the study lies in its different approach to analysing these factors. While previous studies have either mainly focussed on single factors of inequality or have used regression analysis involving but a few factors, the author of the present paper uses principal component analysis in order to analyse as many different indicators as possible and at the same time avoid the problem of possible multicollinearity. As a result, four components are formed from the initial indicators. The impact of these components on income inequality and the component scores are then analysed.
Exposure to Clothianidin Seed-Treated Canola Has No Long-Term Impact on Honey Bees

Abstract We conducted a long-term investigation to ascertain effects on honey bee,Apis mellifera L. , colonies during and after exposure to flowering canola,Brassica napus variety Hyola 420, grown from clothianidin-treated seed. Colonies were placed in the middle of 1-ha clothianidin seed-treated or control canola fields for 3 wk during bloom, and thereafter they were moved to a fall apiary. There were four treated and four control fields, and four colonies per field, giving 32 colonies total. Bee mortality, worker longevity, and brood development were regularly assessed in each colony for 130 d from initial exposure to canola. Samples of honey, beeswax, pollen, and nectar were regularly collected for 130 d, and the samples were analyzed for clothianidin residues by using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection. Overall, no differences in bee mortality, worker longevity, or brood development occurred between control and treatment groups throughout the study. Weight gains of and honey yields from colonies in treated fields were not significantly different from those in control fields. Although clothianidin residues were detected in honey, nectar, and pollen from colonies in clothianidin-treated fields, maximum concentrations detected were 8- to 22-fold below the reported no observable adverse effects concentration. Clothianidin residues were not detected in any beeswax sample. Assessment of overwintered colonies in spring found no differences in those originally exposed to treated or control canola. The results show that honey bee colonies will, in the long-term, be unaffected by exposure to clothianidin seed-treated canola.
Dynamics of Liquefaction During the 1987 Superstition Hills, California, Earthquake

Simultaneous measurements of seismically induced pore-water pressure changes and surface and subsurface accelerations at a site undergoing liquefaction caused by the Superstition Hills, California, earthquake (24 November 1987; M = 6.6) reveal that total pore pressures approached lithostatic conditions, but, unexpectedly, after most of the strong motion ceased. Excess pore pressures were generated once horizontal acceleration exceeded a threshold value.
Races and faces — a comparison of the responses of Africans and Europeans to faces of the same and different races

There is a popular belief that faces of members of races different from one's own ‘look more alike’ than those of one's own race. Empirical evidence shows that they differ in memorability. The present study was carried out to test the hypothesis that European and African subjects differ from each other in the cues they use to discriminate among faces of their own and of the other race. Subjects reported the cues by carrying out sorting of triads of faces, and subsequently rating all faces on these cues. INDSCAL analyses were applied to the data. With racially homogeneous sets of faces, European and African subjects did not differ in the basis on which judgements were made, although both used different bases for African than for European faces. When a racially heterogeneous set of faces was used, European subjects discriminated primarily in terms of racial features, but African subjects used a greater variety of cues.
A Doherty Power Amplifier With a GaN MMIC for Femtocell Base Stations

A Doherty Power Amplifier (PA) with the proposed GaN MMIC for femtocell base stations is presented. The MMIC was fabricated using a 0.25 μm TriQuint GaN process. An on-chip quadrature coupler based on a lumped magnetic coupler with capacitors was used to reduce the chip size. The MMIC with an area of 2.5 × 2.7 mm2 includes an input matching circuit, a driver transistor, carrier and peak transistors at power stage, and an inter-stage matching network with the quadrature coupler. The Doherty PA with MMIC shows 56.2% power added efficiency (PAE) with a gain of 19.7 dB when the output power is 41.2 dBm for a 2.14 GHz CW signal. For a down link WCDMA signal, the PAE of 39.6% is achieved at an output power of 35.3 dBm. The Doherty PA with the MMIC presented here has a small effective module area of 7 × 15 mm2, which can be readily reduced further.
High incidence of methotrexate associated renal toxicity in patients with lymphoma: a retrospective analysis

Abstract High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX), defined by doses of methotrexate (MTX) ≥ 1 g/m2, is a widely used regimen known to cause renal toxicity. The reported incidence of renal toxicity in patients with osteosarcoma is 1.8%, but the incidence in hematologic malignancies is not well characterized. In this retrospective study of 649 cycles of HDMTX in 194 patients, renal toxicity occurred in 9.1% of cycles in patients with lymphoma compared to 1.5% in patients with sarcoma. Older age, male sex, decreased baseline creatinine clearance (CrCl) and increased proton pump inhibitor use among the lymphoma population likely contributed to the observed difference. The incidence of renal toxicity was independent of the incidence of delayed MTX elimination, suggesting that kidney function is only one factor involved in MTX clearance. Renal toxicity prolonged the duration of hospitalization but severe renal insufficiency was uncommon. No significant impact on progression-free or overall survival was observed.
Replanning: a New Perspective

Replanning involves generating a new plan to fix execution failures. Past work has often characterized replanning procedurally as a special case of Plan Reuse: reuse the current plan to solve a new problem with altered initial and goal states. Just as in normal reuse, these replanning systems focus on minimally perturbing the plan while accounting for the alterations in the problem. There are two important limitations to this view of replanning. First, many failures cannot be represented as alterations to initial and goal states. Second, plan reuse is motivated by efficiency considerations during plan generation, while replanning attempts to minimize the residual execution costs of the partial execution. In this paper, we argue that replanning should rightly be seen as solving a new planning problem that not only captures general execution failures, but also the commitments incurred during the partial execution. Failures are modeled as finegrained modifications to operator descriptions, and commitments are modeled as soft constraints. From this general perspective, minimal perturbation planning can be understood as a crude heuristic for respecting commitments: if we keep the plan the same, then we are likely to respect the commitments
Communicative aphasia treatment as a further development of pace therapy

Abstract We call communicative any treatment approach to language rehabilitation in which the client trains to perform speech acts relevant in everyday conversations. First, PACE therapy as one form of communicative treatment is discussed. Since we see some problems in the application of PACE, we outline an approach comprising several communicative treatment settings that are in various aspects similar to everyday conversation. In order to make it obvious that this approach is an application of basic ideas included in the Wittgenstein philosophy, such treatment settings are called language games. We outline principles of the language game approach and give examples for such games. Finally, the results of a therapy study are presented. The technique introduced has been applied to a group of eight chronic aphasics. Significant improvements in the Token Test were observed in five of these. The necessity of further investigation of the efficacy of aphasia treatment procedures is emphasized.
Adaptation of Agrarian Parties in Norway and Sweden

The centre parties of Norway and Sweden both have their background as traditional farmer parties. They have faced the unavoidable challenge of a shrinking agrarian electorate. This article focuses on how they have responded to this challenge and argues that both agricultural identity and contextual variations are important in explaining differences in their electoral adaptation. The article shows how strong loyalties towards the farmers' union may strengthen traditional party loyalties.
A dual-phase charge pump regulator with nano-ampere switched-capacitor CMOS voltage reference for achieving low output ripples

In this paper, a regulated dual phase charge pump with switched-capacitor voltage reference is presented. This charge pump uses a dual phase technique to reduce the output ripple and combines the switch-capacitor CMOS voltage reference to diminish the chip area and quiescent current. This charge pump provides output voltage 5 V and maximum load current 5 mA with the constant frequency regulation. This design is based on TSMC 0.6 mum 5 V/12 V CMOS technology. The output ripples are reduced from 6.1 mV to 3.7 mV. Besides, the power consumption is minimized because of the integration of the nano-ampere CMOS reference voltage.