Correction of 6 to 10-Year-Old Schoolchildren Postures Using Muscular-Tonic Imbalance Indicators

IntroductionPosture is one of primary school age children's health characteristics. That is why prophylaxis of posture disorders requires attention from parents, medical personnel and school teachers. Physical education classes can be considered to be the most effective measures of posture disorders' prophylaxis and correction. Special physical exercises and proper organization of school health related measures influence on formation of children's correct posture to the largest extent. The quality of surroundings and children's annual medical examination are of not less importance.Recent years the cases of deviations in primary school age children's muscular skeletal apparatus have been being registered still oftener. By different data disorders of posture is observed in 63% of children (Aks'onova, Varban, & Vasil'iev, 2012). For most of first form pupils posture disorders have become typical (Swamy, Isroff, Mhanna, & Chouksey, 2016). All these reduce indicators of schoolchildren's general health level. That is why it is necessary to support by all means and develop schoolchildren's motor fitness (Ivashchenko, & Yermakova, 2015a, 2015b; Bliznevsky et al., 2016; Pomeshchikova et al., 2016). It should be noted that in every age period posture has its own peculiarities. In different age periods child's steady vertical position is achieved at the account of muscular efforts of different level and different inter-location of body parts. That is why normal posture of pre-school age children, primary school children and adolescents will be characterized differently (Lovejko, 1982; Kozina, Repko, Ionova, Boychuk, & Korobeinik, 2016; Kuzmin et al., 2016). As per different data morphologically correct posture of schoolchildren is: head is bent forward a little, shoulders are at one horizontal level, shoulder blades are pressed to back, abdomen is a little convex, physiological curvature of backbone is noticeably expressed, spinous processes are located on one line (Popov, 1999; Potapchuk, & Didur, 2001). The most stable posture is characteristic for children up to 10 years' age. It is difficult to achieve ideal posture, because it is individual for every person. Alongside with it the requirements to correct posture are common for all and can serve an "indicator" of posture disorders (Popov, 1999):1 stage - little changes of posture, which can be removed by activation of child's targeted attention to this problem;2 stage - increase of posture disorders' symptoms. These symptoms can be removed by unloading of child's backbone in horizontal position or by body suspension;3 stage - posture disorders, which can not be removed by backbone unloading. For pre-school age children 1st and 2nd stages are the most characteristic, while for schoolchildren - 2nd and 3rd stages.As per different definitions posture disorders shall be understood as unstable deviations of backbone in sagittal and frontal planes. In sagittal plane scientists distinguish five kinds of posture disorders, caused by reduction (two kinds) and increase (three kinds) of physiological curvatures. In case of physiological curvatures reduction, the following disorders take place: flat and flat-concave back. Reduction of physiological curvatures results in slouch, round back and round-concave back. (Ovechkina, Drozhzhina, & Suvorova, 1999; Coelho et al., 2014; Czaprowski, Pawlowska, Stolinski, & Kotwicki, 2014). In frontal plane species property of posture disorder is absent. Such posture disorder is called "asymmetric posture" and is caused by disorder in central location of spinous processes and their shifting from vertical axis (Popov, 1999; Bohm, & Doderlein, 2012). With posture disorders in frontal plane it is necessary to detect, if they are unstable or fixed (Chogovadze, 1987). In such cases external medical examination is of great importance. Other data point, that curvature of backbone in frontal plane can be conditioned by weakness of deep muscles of back (Dorokhov, & Novikova, 2002). …