Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Energy-Efficient and Scalable Deep Learning/Inference Processor With Tetra-Parallel MIMD Architecture for Big Data Applications

Deep Learning algorithm is widely used for various pattern recognition applications such as text recognition, object recognition and action recognition because of its best-in-class recognition accuracy compared to hand-crafted algorithm and shallow learning based algorithms. Long learning time caused by its complex structure, however, limits its usage only in high-cost servers or many-core GPU platforms so far. On the other hand, the demand on customized pattern recognition within personal devices will grow gradually as more deep learning applications will be developed. This paper presents a SoC implementation to enable deep learning applications to run with low cost platforms such as mobile or portable devices. Different from conventional works which have adopted massively-parallel architecture, this work adopts task-flexible architecture and exploits multiple parallelism to cover complex functions of convolutional deep belief network which is one of popular deep learning/inference algorithms. In this paper, we implement the most energy-efficient deep learning and inference processor for wearable system. The implemented 2.5 mm ×4.0 mm deep learning/inference processor is fabricated using 65 nm 8-metal CMOS technology for a battery-powered platform with real-time deep inference and deep learning operation. It consumes 185 mW average power, and 213.1 mW peak power at 200 MHz operating frequency and 1.2 V supply voltage. It achieves 411.3 GOPS peak performance and 1.93 TOPS/W energy efficiency, which is 2.07× higher than the state-of-the-art.
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Variation in Working Memory Capacity and Cognitive Control: Goal Maintenance and Microadjustments of Control

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MARX: Uncovering Class Hierarchies in C++ Programs

Reverse engineering of binary executables is a difficult task which gets more involved by the way compilers translate high-level concepts used in paradigms such as objectoriented programming into native code, as it is the case for C++. Such code is harder to grasp than, e. g. , traditional procedural code, since it is generally more verbose and adds complexity through features such as polymorphism or inheritance. Hence, a deep understanding of interactions between instantiated objects, their corresponding classes, and the connection between classes would vastly reduce the time it takes an analyst to understand the application. The growth in complexity in contemporary C++ applications only amplifies the effect. In this paper, we introduce Marx, an analysis framework to reconstruct class hierarchies of C++ programs and resolve virtual callsites. We have evaluated the results on a diverse set of large, real-world applications. Our experimental results show that our approach achieves a high precision (93.2% of the hierarchies reconstructed accurately for Node.js, 88.4% for MySQL Server) while keeping analysis times practical. Furthermore, we show that, despite any imprecision in the analysis, the derived information can be reliably used in classic software security hardening applications without breaking programs. We showcase this property for two applications built on top of the output of our framework: vtable protection and type-safe object reuse. This demonstrates that, in addition to traditional reverse engineering applications, Marx can aid in implementing concrete, valuable tools e. g. , in the domain of exploit mitigations.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Faith-Based Welfare Agencies

Abstract This study examines the methodological challenges associated with conducting research on faith-based organizations. The arguments advanced are based on a group of comparative case studies conducted by the authors on secular and faith-based providers in three different social service domains: (1) transitional housing, (2) parent education, and (3) residential substance abuse treatment programs. All case studies utilized the same research protocol. The study identifies the lessons learned from comparative case study research on faith-based organizations when a similar protocol is implemented to examine a variety of social service domains and provider types.
Stealth seeds: Bioproperty, biosafety, biopolitics

Abstract Transgenic seeds in both India (Bt cotton) and Brazil (glyphosate-resistant soybeans) spread widely and rapidly through farming communities outside the reach of biosafety or bioproperty institutions. Stealth transgenics are saved, cross-bred, repackaged, sold, exchanged and planted in an anarchic agrarian capitalism that defies surveillance and control of firms and states. The outcome is more pro-poor than alternative modes of diffusion, but undermines a growing consensus in the international development community on appropriate bio-safety and intellectual property institutions for biotechnology. Second, stealth procurement of biotechnology divides nominally pro-poor political coalitions, driven by a great ideational divide on uncertainties and risks of transgenics. The ability of seeds to move underground through stealth strategies of farmers undermines widely-assumed bio-safety-regime capability. Likewise, property in biotechnology appears less monopolistic and powerful, more relational and contingent. Stealth practices of farmers in pursuit of transgenics contrary to wishes of firms, states and many NGOs suggest a different model of the farmer than that often encountered in both developmentalist and anti-‘GMO’ discourse: more active, creative and autonomous, less hapless and supine. Resultant incapacity of social institutions to secure interests of firms and states in biotechnology renders more likely eventual development of controls from genetic engineering – the ‘terminator technology’ of political dramaturgy.
Vitamin D—Effects on Skeletal and Extraskeletal Health and the Need for Supplementation

Vitamin D, the sunshine vitamin, has received a lot of attention recently as a result of a meteoric rise in the number of publications showing that vitamin D plays a crucial role in a plethora of physiological functions and associating vitamin D deficiency with many acute and chronic illnesses including disorders of calcium metabolism, autoimmune diseases, some cancers, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and infectious diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is now recognized as a global pandemic. The major cause for vitamin D deficiency is the lack of appreciation that sun exposure has been and continues to be the major source of vitamin D for children and adults of all ages. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of a healthy skeleton throughout life. There remains some controversy regarding what blood level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D should be attained for both bone health and reducing risk for vitamin D deficiency associated acute and chronic diseases and how much vitamin D should be supplemented.
Vocabulary knowledge and growth in immersion and regular language-learning programmes in Hong Kong

The aim of this study was to investigate vocabulary knowledge and growth across two different language-learning programmes in Hong Kong. The two programmes compared were English immersion programmes (IM) and regular English second-language programmes (RL2). While previous research has identified an overall advantage to IM with respect to language development, comparatively little research on vocabulary development in IM has examined the potential interaction between different types of words (in terms of frequency levels) and different types of vocabulary (passive versus active). Furthermore, very little work has compared these two specific educational contexts in Hong Kong with respect to vocabulary growth. Therefore, three different aspects of vocabulary were measured: passive, controlled active and free active word knowledge at different word-frequency levels in grade 7 and grade 9 students in both IM and RL2. The Vocabulary Levels Tests measured students' knowledge of passive and controlled active vocabulary, whereas students' writing was analysed with the Lexical Frequency Profiles to estimate their free active vocabulary knowledge. Overall, IM students outperform their counterparts in RL2 concerning their knowledge of different types of vocabulary at various frequency levels. IM students also experience a more rapid growth in their vocabulary knowledge, especially for the most frequent 2000 words and academic vocabulary. Such findings support the claim that IM can provide a more favourable context for L2 vocabulary learning than regular L2. The results of the present study are discussed in terms of wider implications for vocabulary learning and the effectiveness of the IM programmes implemented in Hong Kong.
Contact Between Incarcerated Mothers and Their Children

Abstract Incarcerated mothers (n = 357) at a maximum-security prison participated in a study of the relationship between contact and parenting stress, using the parenting stress index for incarcerated women (PSI-IW; Houck & Loper, 2002). The study examined contact before incarceration and the frequency of telephone, letter, and visitation contact during incarceration, as well as stress related to attachment, parental competence, and visitation. Mothers who were responsible for their child's care before incarceration were more likely to write letters at least several times a week, speak with their child on the telephone at least once a week, and receive visits from their child at least four times a year. Results indicated that higher levels of contact between mothers and their children were associated with reduced levels of parenting stress. In particular, letter writing during incarceration was associated with increased attachment and improved sense of parental competence.
Genetics of the polymicrogyria syndromes

Polymicrogyria is a relatively common malformation of cortical development, characterised by multiple small gyri with abnormal cortical lamination. The different forms of polymicrogyria encompass a wide range of clinical, aetiological, and histological findings. Advances in imaging have improved the diagnosis and classification of the condition. The molecular basis of polymicrogyria is beginning to be elucidated with the identification of a gene, GPR56, for bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria. Functional studies of the GPR56 gene product will yield insights not only into the causes of polymicrogyria but also into the mechanisms of normal cortical development and the regional patterning of the cerebral cortex. Based on imaging studies, several other region specific patterns of polymicrogyria have been identified, and there is increasing evidence that these may also have a significant genetic component to their aetiology. This paper reviews current knowledge of the different polymicrogyria syndromes, with discussion of clinical and imaging features, patterns of inheritance, currently mapped loci, candidate genes, chromosomal abnormalities, and implications for genetic counselling.
Evaluation of respiratory volume monitoring (RVM) to detect respiratory compromise in advance of pulse oximetry and help minimize false desaturation alarms

BACKGROUND Monitoring respiratory function is important. By continuously monitoring respiratory volumes, respiratory depression could be identified before hypoxemia and drive earlier intervention. Here, we evaluate the temporal relationship of respiratory volume monitoring (providing real-time minute ventilation [MV], tidal volume, and respiratory rate in nonintubated patients) to hypoxemic episodes and its potential to help classify true vs false desaturations (related to patient movement/probe dislodgement). METHODS Respiratory volume monitoring data, oxygen saturation (SpO2), oxygen supplementation, and opioid use were analyzed in 259 patients following orthopedic surgery. Detection of “low MV” (<40% of predicted MV) in advance of low SpO2 (<90%) was used to classify true and false desaturations. Patients were also stratified based on opioid use and development of low MV. Patient's length of stay (LOS) and number of SpO2 alarms were compared across groups (± opioids; ± low MV). RESULTS The electronic health records reported 113 SpO2 alarms; 105 (93%) not preceded by low MV and considered false. Low MV preceded the eight true desaturations by 12.8 ± 2.8 minutes. One hundred ninety-eight patients (76%) of 259 experienced one or more low MV events. Patients with low MV had significantly longer postanesthesia care unit (PACU) LOS than those maintaining “adequate MV”: 2.8 ± 0.1 hours vs. 2.4 ± 0.1 hours (p < 0.001). Patients receiving opioids had increased likelihood of low MV (69% vs. 80%; p < 0.05) and had significantly longer PACU LOS than those without opioids (2.9 ± 0.1 hours vs. 2.3 ± 0.1 hours; p < 0.001). In the opioid group, PACU LOS was 75% longer in patients developing low MV versus maintaining adequate MV (3.0 ± 0.1 hours vs. 1.7 ± 0.2 hours; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Respiratory volume monitoring can provide advanced warning of impending oxygen desaturation and potentially reduce the number of false SpO2 alarms. Opioid administration increased low MV events correlating with increased LOS. Respiratory volume monitoring can help clinicians individualize patient care, decrease false alarms, adjust opioid dosing, and increase PACU throughput. Similar benefits may translate to the general care floor and prehospital and posthospital environments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic study, level II.
PID control for improving P&O-MPPT performance of a grid-connected solar PV system with Ziegler-Nichols tuning method

This paper uses the Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) tuning method approach combined with adjustments of the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) gain parameters to achieve satisfactory improvement in the open-loop Perturb-and-Observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) performance of a grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Various modes of the PID control produced varied effects and improvements in performance compared to the open-loop response. The P-controller reduced the open-loop overshoot by 62.28 % and the settling time by 166 ms, but introduced ripples. The PI-controller also reduced the open-loop overshoot by 70.99 % and reduced settling time by 106 ms, but increased the rise time slightly over that of the P-controller. The PID-controller virtually eliminated the overshoot, reducing it from 35.06 % to 0.51 %, and also increased the system response time by 236 ms. The superiority of the PID controller is thus confirmed as it virtually eliminated the overshoots, connoting a significant reduction in losses. The settling times were also reduced, signifying a much faster system response.
Effect of induced relaxation on pain and anxiety in thoracotomized patients

El dolor es una experiencia practicamente inevitable en el periodo postoperatorio. El control del dolor mediante medios farmacologicos no es tan facil de alcanzar como se piensa, ya sea por las condiciones fisiologicas o psicologicas del paciente (tension muscular, pensamientos irracionales, fantasias, etc.) relacionadas con el dolor. Ademas de que la relajacion muscular reduce el estres emocional, es un coadyuvante en el manejo del control del dolor. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron exptorari la relajacion muscular aprendida es de ayuda en el tratamiento farmacologico del dolor y en la disminucion de la severidad del dolor postoperatorio, asi como observar si este dolor esta relacionado con los sintomas de ansiedad y depresivos que presentan los pacientes. Antes de que los pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugia se les aplico la escala HAD. Despues de la cirugia el dolor se evaluo mediante una escala analoga visual y se asigno a los pacientes a uno de dos grupos. El primer grupo recibio la relajacion muscular en tanto que el segundo recibio el tratamiento medico habitual. La ultima evaluacion se realizo antes de que el paciente fuera egresado del hospital. Menos de diez pacientes recibieron la maniobra experimental. No se presentaron diferencias significativas ni en las escalas de ansiedad ni en las de depresion. Las evaluaciones iniciales en la escala analoga visual fueron similares en ambos grupos y disminuyeron en los dos a lo largo del tiempo. El grupo experimental mostro que la severidad del dolor disminuyo despues del entrenamiento en relajacion pero no se observo ninguna correlacion con significancia clinica entre el dolor, la ansiedad y la depresion.
Secure Anonymous Key Distribution Scheme for Smart Grid

To fully support information management among various stakeholders in smart grid domains, how to establish secure communication sessions has become an important issue for smart grid environments. In order to support secure communications between smart meters and service providers, key management for authentication becomes a crucial security topic. Recently, several key distribution schemes have been proposed to provide secure communications for smart grid. However, these schemes do not support smart meter anonymity and possess security weaknesses. This paper utilizes an identity-based signature scheme and an identity-based encryption scheme to propose a new anonymous key distribution scheme for smart grid environments. In the proposed scheme, a smart meter can anonymously access services provided by service providers using one private key without the help of the trusted anchor during authentication. In addition, the proposed scheme requires only a few of computation operations at the smart meter side. Security analysis is conducted to prove the proposed scheme is secure under random oracle model.
Children's Computation of Complex Linguistic Forms: A Study of Frequency and Imageability Effects

This study investigates the storage vs. composition of inflected forms in typically-developing children. Children aged 8–12 were tested on the production of regular and irregular past-tense forms. Storage (vs. composition) was examined by probing for past-tense frequency effects and imageability effects – both of which are diagnostic tests for storage – while controlling for a number of confounding factors. We also examined sex as a factor. Irregular inflected forms, which must depend on stored representations, always showed evidence of storage (frequency and/or imageability effects), not only across all children, but also separately in both sexes. In contrast, for regular forms, which could be either stored or composed, only girls showed evidence of storage. This pattern is similar to that found in previously-acquired adult data from the same task, with the notable exception that development affects which factors influence the storage of regulars in females: imageability plays a larger role in girls, and frequency in women. Overall, the results suggest that irregular inflected forms are always stored (in children and adults, and in both sexes), whereas regulars can be either composed or stored, with their storage a function of various item- and subject-level factors.
Extracurricular School Activities: The Good, the Bad, and the Nonlinear

In this article, Herbert W. Marsh and Sabina Kleitman examine the effects of participation in extracurricular school activities (ESAs) on grade-twelve and postsecondary outcomes (e.g., school grades, coursework selection, homework, educational and occupational aspirations, self-esteem, freedom from substance abuse, number of university applications, subsequent college enrollment, and highest educational level). Their analyses are grounded in three theoretical models: the threshold model, the identification/commitment model, and the social inequality gap reduction model. They find that, consistent with the threshold model predictions, there were some small nonlinear ESA effects — monotonic increases over most of the ESA range, but diminishing returns for extremely high levels of ESA. Consistent with identification/commitment model predictions, school-based ESAs were more beneficial than out-of-school activities, and the most beneficial ESAs included both nonacademic (sports, student government, school publ.
Socio-Economic Outcomes of Teen Pregnancy and Parenthood: A Review of the Literature.

This paper reviews literature examining the socioeconomic consequences of teen pregnancy and child-bearing as well as the birth intentions of teenage women who have become mothers. The literature indicates that women who become teen mothers as compared to women who delay child-bearing past the teen years are more likely to be socioeconomically disadvantaged. However research increasingly suggests that depending on the circumstances of the women in question socioeconomic disadvantage is correlated with but not necessarily a consequence of early child-bearing. In addition the literature suggests that a range of factors including cultural norms and individual needs can impact on the child-rearing decisions of teenage women. It is concluded that policies and programs aimed at reducing teen pregnancy rates and eliminating the negative consequences experienced by teen mothers and their children are unlikely to be fully effective unless they realistically address the socioeconomic inequities faced by many young women in Canada. (authors)
The Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B in Akbar Abad Village, Kavar, Southern Iran

Background: About 2 billion people were reported to be infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and among them; 350 million are chronically infected cases. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B in Kavar, southern Iran. Methods: From August 2008 to March 2009, 3739 individuals aged between 1 and 88 years were screened for infection with HBV in Akbar Abad Village, Kavar, Southern Iran. A questionnaire was used to record demographic data, history of vaccination and the correlated risk factors. Ten milliliter of the blood sample was taken from each subject. Sera were checked for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBC Ab). Results: Among subjects, 7.1% were positive for HBC Ab and 2.2% for HBS Ag. Out of positive cases for HBC Ab, 7.3% were female, and 7.6% were male. Out of positive cases for HBS Ag, 2.2% were female, and 2.5% were male. The minimal rates of HBC Ab and HBS Ag were noticed in the age group 1–15 year old. The highest positivity was observed among unemployed individuals. Among subjects with low educational level, 7.5% were positive for HBC Ab and 2.4% for HBS Ag. The highest prevalence was visible in the widow group and the lowest in married persons. Opium addiction had a significant relationship with HBC Ab. The prevalence of HBV seropositivity was higher among drivers, those with a history of dental treatments and family history of liver diseases blood transfusion tattooing recipients. Conclusions: Our results showed that screening of pregnant women for HBs Ag and vaccination of high-risk individuals including family members of patients with hepatitis B should be implemented in future planning.