Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Political Implications of Increasing Numbers of Women in the Labor Force

Political scientists generally agree that women's behavior is strongly affected by their growing labor market participation. But how will political life be affected when practically all women in a society work outside the home? Five hypotheses are formulated in this article and tested on data from Denmark: (a) The political involvement and participation of women will increase and reach the level of men's; (b) women will become more feminist, demanding greater gender equality and greater emphasis on reproductive values; (c) women will move to the left on almost all political issues; (d) the political dominance of men over women in the family will disappear; and (e) political resources as well as situational factors will influence men and women in the same way.
Financial Differences between Large and Small Firms

* Small businesses are important in the American economy, if not in dollar size, certainly in numbers and in the services they perform. This paper contrasts the "financial profiles" of small businesses and large corporations. The key contrast is between publiclyheld corporations that are young and developing and those with a substantial history. In essence, the research question is: Does the financial management of the small publicly-owned business result in distinctively different financial characteristics from those of its larger publicly-owned counterpart? Quite frequently, managers of small businesses maintain that the financial management of their firms is fundamentally different from the management of the large corporation, because many large company financial practices simply are not necessary for the small publicly-held organization. Also, the financial management of the small business often may be dictated by the restricted choices available to it, such as fewer options for investing excess liquidity. While both contentions are understandable, little evidence is available that these general disparities exist. If financial management of large and small firms is different, dissimilarities should be evident in the financial profiles of large and small companies. These distinctions should be identified in order to assist management and academicians to see more clearly the implications of various financial concepts for the smaller company.
Job Satisfaction and Wages of Family Employees

Although they represent a sizable occupational group, little is known about family employees. Using utility theory and the theory of compensating wage differentials, we hypothesize that family employees have higher levels of job satisfaction and lower wages relative to regular employees. We present several regressions based on a large cross–country panel data set that support our hypotheses, and we discuss our study's implications for research on family businesses and the labor market.
Intensity of immunosuppressive therapy and the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis

One hundred and forty‐nine children with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated according to a prospective protocol were randomized after induction of remission and central nervous system (CNS) irradiation to receive maintenance chemotherapy with 1, 2, 3, or 4 chemotherapy agents. The incidence of P. carinii pneumonitis (PCP) was 5.0, 2.3, 2.2, and 22.4%, respectively, during the period of maintenance therapy. An additional 31 patients enrolled in the same study were placed in special categories to receive three drugs for maintenance plus supplemental chemotherapy or irradiation because of CNS leukemia on admission, remission failure, mediastinal mass, or generalized lymphosarcoma without bone marrow involvement. The incidences of PCP in these groups were 16.7, 30.0, 35.7, and 0%, respectively, during the period of maintenance therapy.
Shadow players: Ecotourism development, corruption and state politics in Belize

This article examines the way that developing societies have been increasingly incorporated into global networks, and the effect that this has had on the states themselves. The notion of a shadow state is used here to inform the ways that the state has been modified by the global networks represented by ecotourism development on the one hand and drug trafficking (and associated offshore banking sectors) on the other. Belize provides an excellent example of the way that these North-South linkages, in the form of global networks, undermine the ability of states to enforce regulations in offshore banking, drug trafficking and environmental protection that are demanded of the South by the North.
The inflation‐hedging characteristics of Australian commercial property: 1984‐1995

Examines the inflation‐hedging characteristics of Australian commercial property and property trusts over 1984‐1995. Using the Building Owners and Managers Association property indices for Australian office, retail and industrial property, assesses the role of actual, expected and unexpected inflation. Strong evidence of inflation hedging is evident for Australian office, retail and industrial property. After adjusting for differences in market balance using vacancy rates, slightly less evidence of inflation hedging by Australian office property is evident.
Managing Process Development: Key Issues and Dimensions in the Front End

Beyond the traditional focus on product innovation, prior research and practical examples from a variety of industrial settings underscore the importance of the early phases of process development and process innovation. Despite the potential for large cost savings and efficiency gains, however, little is known about what firms actually do in the early design and concept creation phases of process development, and what guides their subsequent formal process development efforts. By means of a longitudinal multiple case study of four large companies, we bridge this gap by conceptualizing a ‘process definition’. This process definition includes a process concept and is the ‘process equivalent’ of a product definition. Our analysis shows that firms create such process definitions through iterative trial-and-error processes, in which experiments, environmental scanning, and administrative planning constitute key methods for uncertainty reduction. Mainstream theory on product definitions fails to account for the key dimensions of a process definition. On the contrary, dimensions such as the understanding of production needs, assessment of product consequences, a thorough implementation plan and early anticipation of intended outcomes, constitute key dimensions of a successful process definition. These findings are particularly relevant to process development managers, plant managers, and others interested in process development and management of production processes.
Mortality Inequality: The Good News from a County-Level Approach

In this essay, we ask whether the distributions of life expectancy and mortality have become generally more unequal, as many seem to believe, and we report some good news. Focusing on groups of counties ranked by their poverty rates, we show that gains in life expectancy at birth have actually been relatively equally distributed between rich and poor areas. Analysts who have concluded that inequality in life expectancy is increasing have generally focused on life expectancy at age 40 to 50. This observation suggests that it is important to examine trends in mortality for younger and older ages separately. Turning to an analysis of age-specific mortality rates, we show that among adults age 50 and over, mortality has declined more quickly in richer areas than in poorer ones, resulting in increased inequality in mortality. This finding is consistent with previous research on the subject. However, among children, mortality has been falling more quickly in poorer areas with the result that inequality in mortality has fallen substantially over time. We also show that there have been stunning declines in mortality rates for African Americans between 1990 and 2010, especially for black men. Finally we offer some hypotheses about causes for the results we see, including a discussion of differential smoking patterns by age and socioeconomic status.
Engaging small‐ and medium‐sized businesses in sustainability

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how to meaningfully engage small‐ to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in strategies that improve the social and environmental sustainability of their businesses.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a conceptual review of the business case for sustainable development that has been offered to the business world. The paper describes the unique features of SMEs that indicate the need to reframe the case for socially and environmentally sustainable business practices for SMEs, and, using arguments discussed in the literature, we summarize the business case for sustainable development that has been specified for SMEs.Findings – SMEs need particular attention when it comes to business strategies for sustainable development, since the business case is not the same as for large firms. Furthermore, tools that are developed to support sustainability in SMEs need to recognize that these companies have different resources and profiles than larger firms.Research l.
The Power and Centrality of the Transportation and Warehousing Sector within the US Economy: A Longitudinal Exploration Using Social Network Analysis

This article uses archival panel data over two decades and social network analysis (SNA) to address the question of whether logistics and transportation have become more central to the US economy over time. Unlike traditional measures, SNA goes beyond measuring dyadic relationships and incorporates measures of power, like centrality, closeness, and betweenness that traditional measures fail to capture. Secondary data from the Benchmark Use Input-Output Tables compiled every five years by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis are examined in the SNA context. Results demonstrate the value of using SNA over conventional dyadic measures to analyze the extended network, especially with respect to the shift of power and centrality over time. The findings demonstrate that while the overall industrial landscape of the United States has become less centralized over time, transportation and warehousing have become increasingly central to the US economy. Thus, the article demonstrates that over time, logistics and warehousing have not only become more powerful, but have gone from being peripheral activities to being increasingly central and important in the larger economy. The article contrasts our findings from the SNA approach with those obtained from conventional (non-SNA-based approaches) and highlights the differences in the two approaches.
Wideband Triple- and Quad-Resonance Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity-Backed Slot Antennas With Shorting Vias

A triple-resonance and a quad-resonance substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed slot antennas using shorting vias are presented in this paper. The antennas have wide bandwidths and low profiles. The working mechanism of the triple-resonance antenna is explained with its electric field distributions and equivalent circuit models. By loading the SIW cavity with shorting vias, the lowest mode (half-TE110 mode) is shifted upward and coupled with two higher modes (even and odd TE210 modes). As a result, a wide bandwidth with triple resonances is achieved for the antenna. Based on the similar principle, a quad-resonance antenna having an even wider bandwidth is also developed. Prototypes of the two antennas are fabricated and measured. With a low profile of $0.03\lambda _{0}$ (wavelength in free space), the triple-resonance design has a bandwidth of 15.2% and a peak gain of 4.80 dBi, and the quad-resonance design has a bandwidth of 17.5% and a peak gain of 7.27 dBi.
Search and Liquidity in Single-Family Housing

A two-stage least squares model of housing prices is estimated with data collected from 3358 single-family home transactions. The results provide evidence for an optimal marketing period and indicate that a liquidity premium is priced in single-family home sales. Consistent with the hypothesis derived from economic search models, the model shows higher selling prices for houses having longer expected marketing periods. The model also shows a price premium for houses that sell faster than expectations. This effect supports the concept that liquidity is a value- enhancing characteristic.
A Least-Squares Mixed Finite Element Method for Biot's Consolidation Problem in Porous Media

A least-squares mixed finite element method for the coupled problem of flow and deformation is presented and analyzed in this paper. For the analysis, we restrict ourselves to fully saturated conditions for the flow process and to a linearly elastic material law for the deformation process. This is known in the literature as Biot's consolidation problem. For simplicity, the analysis is presented for the problem in two space dimensions. Our least-squares approach is motivated by the fact that all process variables, i.e., fluid pressure and flux as well as displacement field and stress tensor, are approximated directly by suitable finite element spaces. Ellipticity of the corresponding variational formulation is proven for the stationary case as well as for the subproblems arising at each step of an implicit time discretization in the general time-dependent case. Standard H1-conforming piecewise linear and quadratic finite elements are used for the fluid pressure and for (each component of) the displacement, respectively. For the flux and stress components, the H(div)-conforming Raviart--Thomas spaces (of lowest order) are used. Computational results are presented for some two-dimensional test problems.
Motor Vehicle Fuel Efficiency and Traffic Fatalities

This paper analyzes the impact of changes in average fuel efficiency on traffic-related fatalities while controlling for other confounding effects. These other effects include population, per capita income, per capita alcohol consumption, existence of safety-belt laws (and safety-belt usage), and age cohorts in the population. State-level time-series data over 24 years is used with a fixed effect negative binomial regression model that accounts for both the distributional properties of accident count data and heterogeneity. Other studies of this issue have not used either panel data in this way nor have they used appropriate statistical methods for count data. Results vary with the selection of the time series used. Overall results suggest that while there may have been an association between fleet fuel efficiency improvements and traffic fatalities in the 1970s, this has largely disappeared. There are suggestions that variance in the composition of the vehicle fleet may have adverse safety impacts.
Perceived training intensity and knowledge sharing: Sharing for intrinsic and prosocial reasons

This study investigated the relationship between perceived training intensity and knowledge sharing, including the moderating roles of intrinsic motivation and social and economic exchange perceptions. Data from 310 employees working in three organizations located in Norway revealed a positive relationship between perceived training intensity and knowledge sharing for employees with low levels of intrinsic motivation and economic exchange perception, and high levels of social exchange perception. These findings suggest that perceived training intensity increases knowledge sharing only under specific motivational influences. Implications for practice and directions for future research are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Inductive Learning and Theory Testing: Applications in Finance

This thesis explores the opportunities for economic research that arise from importing empirical methods from the field of machine learning. Chapter 1 applies inductive learning to cross-sectional asset pricing. Researchers have documented over three hundred variables that can explain differences in cross-sectional stock returns. But which ones contain independent information? Chapter 1 develops a framework, deep conditional portfolio sorts, that can be used to answer this question and that is based on ideas from the machine learning literature, tailored to an asset-pricing application. The method is applied to predicting future stock returns based on past stock returns at different horizons, and short-term returns (i.e. the past six months of returns) rather than mediumor long-term returns are recovered as the variables that convey almost all information about future returns. Chapter 2 argues that machine learning techniques, although focusing on predictions, can be used to test theories. In most theory tests, researchers control for known theories. In contrast, chapter 2 develops a simple model that illustrates how machine learning can be used to conduct an inductive test that allows to control for some unknown theories, as long as they are covered in some way by the data. The method is applied to the theory that realization utility and nominal loss aversion lead to the disposition effect (the propensity to sell winners rather than losers). An inductive test finds that short-term price trends and other features of the price history are more important to predict selling decisions than returns relative to purchase price. Chapter 3 provides another perspective on the disposition effect in the more traditional
Notice of RetractionTeam learning orientation and conflicts influence team performance in different task difficulties

This article examines the potential influences which team learning orientation and team conflicts of university students' societies as subjects might have on team performance using quasi-experiment method. The findings show that when the task difficulty is low, team learning orientation and team conflict predict team performance together; when the task difficulty is high, team learning orientation is the only predictor of team performance. Functional complementary relationship between team learning orientation and conflicts may exist in low task difficulty; whereas team learning orientation has more impact on performance in high task difficulty context.
Women and the glass ceiling in South African banks: an illusion or reality?

Purpose – Present research seeks to examine the reality of the glass‐ceiling phenomenon in South Africa's four major retail banks.Design/methodology/approach – Investigates women's low numbers in their top management jobs. A total of 40 women managers were interviewed for their in‐depth responses, which were content analyzed.Findings – Results indicate that the glass ceiling considered a myth by many, is real and is nurtured by the organizational culture, policies and strategies besides women's own inadequacies. Only the most decentralized organizations, characterized by a culture that supports women's top positions, will help in breaking down the glass ceiling, along with women's own efforts to grow, develop and empower themselves through academic and career development.Research limitations/implications – It is limited to South Africa's four largest retail banks only and provides limited awareness about certain work practices that are insufficient tools to break down the glass ceiling, hence, future rese.
Novel Macrolide Resistance Module Carried by the IncP-1β Resistance Plasmid pRSB111, Isolated from a Wastewater Treatment Plant

ABSTRACT The macrolide resistance plasmid pRSB111 was isolated from bacteria residing in the final effluents of a wastewater treatment plant. The 47-kb plasmid confers resistance to azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, and tylosin when it is carried by Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 and is very similar to prototype IncP-1β plasmid pB3, which was previously isolated from an activated-sludge bacterial community of a wastewater treatment plant. The two plasmids differ in their accessory regions, located downstream of the conjugative transfer module gene traC. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the pRSB111 accessory region revealed that it contains a new macrolide resistance module composed of the genes mphR(E), mph(E), and mrx(E), which putatively encode a transcriptional regulator, a macrolide phosphotransferase, and a transmembrane transport protein, respectively. Analysis of the contributions of the individual genes of the macrolide resistance module revealed that mph(E) and mrx(E) are required for high-level macrolide resistance. The resistance genes are flanked by two insertion sequences, namely, ISPa15 and ISRSB111. Two truncated transposable elements, IS6100 and remnants of a Tn3-like transposon, were identified in the vicinity of ISRSB111. The accessory element of pRSB111 apparently replaced the Tn402-like element present on the sister plasmid, pB3, as suggested by the conservation of Tn402-specific terminal inverted repeats on pRSB111.
ASYMMETRIC SPILLOVERS AND INVESTMENTS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF LEADERS AND FOLLOWERS

Abstract The focus of this paper is on the incentives of firms to invest in research and development (R&D) when sequential moves are taken into account. Leading firms move before followers in investment and in output choices in a four stage game setting. Leaders may compete or cooperate in R&D with other leaders, given that followers compete. Followers may compete or cooperate in R&D with other followers given that leaders compete. There may be spillovers between leaders and between followers and also between these two groups of players. Due to the complexity of the model, results are obtained by numerical simulations. The impact of symmetric spillovers is similar but not identical to the tendencies in two stage models with simultaneous R&D moves. A relatively wide set of circumstances is identified where followers tend to invest more than leaders. Critical spillover values are identified that drive the effects of cooperation in R&D as is the case in simpler settings. Situations are detailed, where consumer surplus and static welfare are best served by cooperation of followers rather than cooperation of leaders.
Accumulation of rectum dose‐volume metrics for prostate external beam radiotherapy combined with brachytherapy: Evaluating deformably registered dose distribution addition using parameter‐based addition

To investigate the accuracy of deriving dose‐volume histogram (DVH) parameters from deformably registered data by comparing values with the simple addition of DVHs from each phase of a combined external beam radiotherapy (EBRT)/high‐dose‐rate (HDR‐BT) brachytherapy prostate treatment.
Residential Mobility versus 'In-place' Adjustments in Slovenia: Viewpoint from a Society 'in Transition'

Residential mobility is a widely discussed phenomenon perceived as a mechanism of housing adjustments and as a manifestation of housing choice. This paper focuses on 'in-place' adjustments and suggests its further recognition relative to mobility in both theoretical and empirical terms. By reviewing the main housing choice debates, the paper endeavours to show how the mobility-centred approach is insufficient to capture and explain those housing choice situations where non-market options of housing provision are significant. This is important for an understanding of housing choice not only in societies in transition, but also as far as non-market (public and self-help) provision of housing is recognised. The paper explores two specific types of 'in-place' housing adjustments: change in the housing status and major physical alteration of the residence of non-movers. For this purpose, Slovenian social survey data were used. Focusing on the present housing episode, its median duration was found to be very long and a surprisingly high incidence of such 'in-place dynamism' was found. The findings of the empirical analysis in case of Slovenia indicate how the mobilitycentred approach might be insufficient for comprehending a specific 'housing choice situation', and point out the need for a more context-sensitive discussion of housing options to avoid the dangers of 'Anglo-Saxon hegemony'.