Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluations of Rape: Investigations Using Implicit and Explicit Measures, Online Research Methodology, and Samples of Community Men

Evaluations of rape theoretically play an important role in sexually aggressive behaviour (e.g., Nunes, Hermann, & Ratcliffe, 2013). The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the relationship between implicit and explicit evaluations of rape and sexually aggressive behaviour using a longitudinal research design online. Study 1 examined the use of a self-generated identification code (SGIC) to track participants anonymously online. Study 1A examined a six question SGIC in a sample of 168 students and found the SGICs produced unique identifiers, and a low, but acceptable, exact match rate across a one month period. Study 1B explored a 12 question SGIC with a sample of 30 students and 15 community participants. The 12 question SGIC also produced unique identifiers, and resulted in a low, but acceptable, exact match rate across a one week period. These results suggest the 12 question SGIC can be used in longitudinal research online. Study 2 explored the cross-sectional relationships between implicit and explicit evaluations of rape and sexually aggressive behaviour using a sample of 150 male students and 378 community men. In both samples, explicit evaluations of rape had moderate to strong positive relationships with sexually aggressive behaviour. The same pattern of results was not observed for implicit evaluations of rape. Study 3 examined the relationship between implicit and explicit evaluations of rape and sexually aggressive behaviour using a longitudinal research design. Study 3 Wave 1 replicated and expanded on Study 2 using a sample of 190 male students and 597 community men. Importantly, four different measures of implicit evaluations of rape were used. The same pattern of results as observed in Study 2 was found. Participants in Study 3 Wave 2 were 248 community men who had completed both Waves 1 and 2. Implicit and explicit evaluations of rape at Wave 1 significantly predicted self-reported sexually aggressive behaviour at Wave 2. These findings suggest that both implicit and explicit evaluations of rape may be relevant for sexually aggressive behaviour. If replicated, these results have important implications for theory, research, and correctional practice.
Bradykinin inhibits oxidative stress-induced senescence of endothelial progenitor cells through the B2R/AKT/RB and B2R/EGFR/RB signal pathways

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have multiple protective effects that facilitate repair of damage to tissues and organs. However, while various stressors are known to impair EPC function, the mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced EPC senescence remains unknown. We demonstrated that B2 receptor (B2R) expression on circulating CD34+ cells was significantly reduced in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) as compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, CD34+ cell B2R expression in patients with DM was inversely correlated with plasma myeloperoxidase concentrations. Bradykinin (BK) treatment decreased human EPC (hEPC) senescence and intracellular oxygen radical production, resulting in reduced retinoblastoma 1 (RB) RNA expression in H2O2-induced senescent hEPCs and a reversal of the B2R downregulation that is normally observed in senescent cells. Furthermore, BK treatment of H2O2-exposed cells leads to elevated phosphorylation of RB, AKT, and cyclin D1 compared with H2O2-treatment alone. Antagonists of B2R, PI3K, and EGFR signaling pathways and B2R siRNA blocked BK protective effects. In summary, this study demonstrates that BK significantly inhibits oxidative stress-induced hEPC senescence though B2R-mediated activation of PI3K and EGFR signaling pathways.
Correlates of Success in the Community College: Using Research To Inform Campus Retention Efforts. AIR 1996 Annual Forum Paper.

In response to low graduation and transfer rates among degree-seeking students, Prince George's Community College (PGCC), in Maryland, established a campus-wide retention committee to develop recommendations to improve student achievement. A significant source of information for the committee was a longitudinal student tracking system and a student outcomes typology developed by PGCC's Office of Institutional Research. The typology classifies students as achievers if they receive an award and transfer, transfer only, receive an award only, or have sophomore status in good standing. It further classifies students as persisters if they have fewer than 30 credits earned but are still enrolled, as non-achievers if they are no longer enrolled, and as special motive students if they have short-term and non-degree goals. Using the typology, outcomes as of spring 1994 were determined for 2,386 students who entered PGCC in fall 1990, revealing that nearly 15% (n=351) had earned an award or transferred to a.4-year public college in Maryland, another 13% had achieved sophomore status, and 65% were classified as non-achievers. Based on findings from the analysis, the retention committee developed recommendations related to improving developmental student success, providing support for mathematics instruction, improving departmental retention programs, expanding early intervention initiatives, providing financial support to part-time students, and improving orientation. Contains 17 references. Data tables are appended. (TGI) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * ****************************************AAA****************************
Effects of Class-Size Reduction on Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills

We estimate the effects of class-size reduction by exploiting exogenous variation caused by Maimonides' rule, which requires that the maximum class size be 40 students and classes be split when 41 or more students are enrolled. Our data cover all fourth to ninth graders in 1,064 public schools in an anonymous prefecture for three years. We find that the effects of class-size reduction on academic test scores are small on average, but slightly stronger for students not going to a private tutoring school. We find no evidence that small class size improves non-cognitive skills. Our substantive conclusion does not change when controlling for school fixed effects.
A bootstrapping approach for thematic analysis

Thematic analysis is important for a lot of applications dealing with texts, such as text summarisation or information extraction. But it can be done with a great precision only if it relies on structured knowledge, which is difficult to produce. In this paper, we propose using bootstrapping in order to solve this problem: a first thematic analysis based on a weakly structured source of knowledge, a collocation network, is used for learning explicit topic representations that then support a more precise and a more reliable thematic analysis.
Automated DNA Sequence-Based Early Warning System for the Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Outbreaks

Background The detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) usually requires the implementation of often rigorous infection-control measures. Prompt identification of an MRSA epidemic is crucial for the control of an outbreak. In this study we evaluated various early warning algorithms for the detection of an MRSA cluster. Methods and Findings Between 1998 and 2003, 557 non-replicate MRSA strains were collected from staff and patients admitted to a German tertiary-care university hospital. The repeat region of the S. aureus protein A (spa) gene in each of these strains was sequenced. Using epidemiological and typing information for the period 1998–2002 as reference data, clusters in 2003 were determined by temporal-scan test statistics. Various early warning algorithms (frequency, clonal, and infection control professionals [ICP] alerts) were tested in a prospective analysis for the year 2003. In addition, a newly implemented automated clonal alert system of the Ridom StaphType software was evaluated. A total of 549 of 557 MRSA were typeable using spa sequencing. When analyzed using scan test statistics, 42 out of 175 MRSA in 2003 formed 13 significant clusters (p < 0.05). These clusters were used as the “gold standard” to evaluate the various algorithms. Clonal alerts (spa typing and epidemiological data) were 100% sensitive and 95.2% specific. Frequency (epidemiological data only) and ICP alerts were 100% and 62.1% sensitive and 47.2% and 97.3% specific, respectively. The difference in specificity between clonal and ICP alerts was not significant. Both methods exhibited a positive predictive value above 80%. Conclusions Rapid MRSA outbreak detection, based on epidemiological and spa typing data, is a suitable alternative for classical approaches and can assist in the identification of potential sources of infection.
Community Clustering for Distributed Publish/Subscribe Systems

Optimized placement of clients in a distributed publish/subscribe system is an important technique to improve overall system efficiency. Current methods, like interest clustering or publisher placement, treat a client as, either a pure publisher, or subscriber, but not as both. Also, the cost of client movement is usually ignored. However, many applications based on publish/subscribe systems model clients as publisher and subscriber at the same time, which breaks the assumptions made by current approaches. Considering the complex dependency among clients, we propose a new community-oriented clustering approach, based on the forming of client clusters that exhibit intense communication relationships, while keeping client movement cost low. The evaluation based on a public data set shows that our method is efficient, adapts to different settings of experimental conditions, and wins over the popular interest clustering approach with respect to number of messages sent, propagation hop count and end-to-end latency.
The Relationship between Hope and Perceived Stress in Teacher Candidates

The long-term and uncontrollable stress of KPSS (Personnel Selection Examination) candidates disrupts their psychology, weakens thinking and decision-making, and thus decreases academic achievement. The aim of this study is; It is the determination of the relationship between the level of hope and perceived stress of teacher candidates prepared for KPSS.A total of 382 teacher candidates participated in a special KPSS preparatory course in Kayseri. Candidate teachers who graduated from different departments and universities are between the ages of 21-25 in 41.6%. When we look at socio-demographic characteristics; 68.4% male; 59.9% single and 51.5% were at medium income level. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Adult Hope Scale (AHS) were administered to the participants. The mean AHS score of the teacher candidates was 27.73±1.92. This shows the high level of hope of the participants. Perceived Stress level was found to be medium at 53.6%. As a result of the analysis, a significant a negative correlation was found between level of hope and perceived stress (p <0.01). According to regression analysis, level of hope in teacher candidates showed a statistically significant positive effect on perceived stress (p <0.01). As a result, negative relationships were found between hope and perceived stress. It is thought that highly hopeful people perceive stress lower and life satisfaction increases. Therefore, in order to increase the level of hope and to reduce the negative effects of stress, educators should support KPSS candidates. Programs related to the high level of hope to be implemented in schools may have positive effects on individuals' low stress and examinations.
Corticospinal excitability is speci _ cally modulated by motor imagery ] a magnetic stimulation study

Transcranial magnetic stimulation "TMS# was used to investigate whether the excitability of the corticospinal system is selectively a}ected by motor imagery[ To this purpose\ we performed two experiments[ In the _rst one we recorded motor evoked potentials from right hand and arm muscles during mental simulation of ~exion:extension movements of both distal and proximal joints[ In the second experiment we applied magnetic stimulation to the right and the left motor cortex of subjects while they were imagining opening or closing their right or their left hand[ Motor evoked potentials "MEPs# were recorded from a hand muscle contralateral to the stimulated cortex[ The results demonstrated that the excitability pattern during motor imagery dynamically mimics that occurring during movement execution[ In addition\ while magnetic stimulation of the left motor cortex revealed increased corticospinal excitability when subjects imagined ipsilateral as well as contralateral hand movements\ the stimulation of the right motor cortex revealed a facilitatory e}ect induced by imagery of contralateral hand movements only[ In conclusion\ motor imagery is a high level process\ which\ however\ manifests itself in the activation of those same cortical circuits that are normally involved in movement execution[ Þ 0888 Elsevier Science Ltd[ All rights reserved[ Keywords]Motor system^ Transcranial magnetic stimulation "TMS#^Motor evoked potentials "MEPs#^Motor imagery^ Handmovement^ Hemispheric
Association of environmental tobacco smoke exposure with elevated home blood pressure in Japanese women: the Ohasama study

Objective Only a few of numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and blood pressure (BP), despite experimental studies showing such a positive association. The association between home blood pressure (HBP) and ETS exposure was investigated in the general population. Methods Five hundred and seventy-nine nonsmoking Japanese women were enrolled. The participants were classified into four categories according to their responses to a self-administered questionnaire: unexposed women (non-ETS), women exposed at home [ETS(home)], at the workplace/other places [ETS(work/other)] and at home and at the workplace/other places [ETS(both)]. Variables were compared using analysis of covariance adjusted for age, marital status, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, stroke, heart disease, hyperlipidemia, alcohol intake, salt intake and activity levels. Results In participants without antihypertensive medication, systolic morning HBP in ETS(both) was 4 mmHg higher than that in non-ETS (116.8 ± 1.01 vs. 113.1 ± 1.08 mmHg, P = 0.02) and systolic morning HBP in ETS(home) and systolic evening HBP in ETS(both) were 3 mmHg higher than those in non-ETS (116.2 ± 1.07 vs. 113.1 ± 1.08 mmHg, P = 0.04; and 115.3 ± 1.02 vs. 111.9 ± 1.09 mmHg, P = 0.03, respectively). In participants with antihypertensive medication, ETS exposure status was not significantly associated with increased HBP levels. Conclusions A positive association between HBP levels and ETS exposure was confirmed. HBP measurement is recommended in population-based studies investigating the effects of ETS exposure. ETS exposure may increase BP, thereby synergistically contributing to unfavorable cardiovascular outcomes along with other deleterious effects of ETS.
Modification of H-mode pedestal structure with lower hybrid waves on Alcator C-Mod

The application of lower hybrid range of frequencies (LHRF) waves in H-mode plasmas on Alcator C-Mod can result in a significant reduction in core particle inventory, with no significant degradation of energy confinement. This phenomenon has been observed in steady enhanced Dα (EDA) H-mode targets, which are sustained by ion cyclotron RF auxiliary heating, in which pedestal density nped is usually tied firmly to plasma current IP and shows a strong resilience to changes in the edge neutral source. Upon application of up to 1 MW LHRF power, nped is reduced by up to 30%, while the temperature profile increases simultaneously such that the pressure pedestal remains constant or is slightly increased. Steady EDA H-mode operation with no edge-localized modes can be maintained while edge collisionality is reduced by factors of reduction of 2–4. Elevation of scrape-off layer (SOL) density and electric currents accompany the application of LHRF (at levels as low as 400 kW) with a fast time response (∼10−2 s), while full density pedestal relaxation and core density reduction occur on longer time scales (∼10−1 s). A similarly prompt counter-IP change in the edge toroidal velocity is also observed in response to LHRF, followed on longer time scales by a counter-IP change in the central rotation. The range of time scales of the plasma response may indicate that the radial locations of LHRF interactions (i.e. SOL versus core), and power deposition mechanisms, are evolving in time. Understanding the responsible physical mechanisms and applying them to a broad range of discharges could provide a tool for improved H-mode density control.
A sufficient condition for non-soficness of higher-dimensional subshifts

A shift space is said to be sofic if it is the factor of a shift of finite type. In one dimension, there are complete characterizations of soficness. There are no characterizations in higher dimensions, and there are few examples of non-sofic Zd shifts for d > 1. In this work we give a condition that implies non-soficness in higher-dimensional shift spaces, and we apply it to a variety of examples. 1. Background definitions Let A = {1, . , n} be a finite alphabet, and let D ⊆ Z, d ≥ 1. For y ∈ A, v ∈ D and S ⊆ D, we will denote the symbol appearing in y at v as y v and the configuration of symbols appearing in y in the locations in S as yS . When S is a one-dimensional subset of D of the form S = { a + k ei | 0 ≤ k < m} for some 1 ≤ i ≤ d, we will call configuration yS a word (of length m). For d ≥ 1, the d-dimensional, full n-shift is the set AZd together with the Zaction defined by σ v(x) w = x v+ w for any x ∈ AZd and any v, w ∈ Z. A closed shift-invariant subset X of AZd together with the restriction of the Z-action to X is called a Z-shift space and is denoted by (X,Z). Shift spaces can be defined via a set of forbidden configurations. If this set of forbidden configurations can be chosen to be finite, (X,Z) is called a shift of finite type. A shift space (Y,Z) is sofic if and only if it is the image of a continuous, shift commuting map φ : X → Y for some shift of finite type (X,Z). A matrix shift is defined by zero-one n× n transition matrices H1, H2, . , Hd; symbols j, k ∈ A are forbidden from occurring adjacent to each other in the ei direction if and only if Hi(j, k) = 0. Up to conjugacy, every shift of finite type is equivalent to a matrix shift and every continuous, shift commuting map φ : X → Y can be taken to be a map on symbols. (See [LM] for additional background, particularly in the one-dimensional case.) So we may assume that a shift space (Y,Z) is sofic with alphabet A′ if and Received by the editors June 9, 2011 and in revised form, October 26, 2011 and January 9, 2012. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 37B50; Secondary 37B10. c ©2013 American Mathematical Society Reverts to public domain 28 years from publication
Brain state-dependent robotic reaching movement with a multi-joint arm exoskeleton: combining brain-machine interfacing and robotic rehabilitation

While robot-assisted arm and hand training after stroke allows for intensive task-oriented practice, it has provided only limited additional benefit over dose-matched physiotherapy up to now. These rehabilitation devices are possibly too supportive during the exercises. Neurophysiological signals might be one way of avoiding slacking and providing robotic support only when the brain is particularly responsive to peripheral input. We tested the feasibility of three-dimensional robotic assistance for reaching movements with a multi-joint exoskeleton during motor imagery (MI)-related desynchronization of sensorimotor oscillations in the β-band. We also registered task-related network changes of cortical functional connectivity by electroencephalography via the imaginary part of the coherence function. Healthy subjects and stroke survivors showed similar patterns—but different aptitudes—of controlling the robotic movement. All participants in this pilot study with nine healthy subjects and two stroke patients achieved their maximum performance during the early stages of the task. Robotic control was significantly higher and less variable when proprioceptive feedback was provided in addition to visual feedback, i.e., when the orthosis was actually attached to the subject’s arm during the task. A distributed cortical network of task-related coherent activity in the θ-band showed significant differences between healthy subjects and stroke patients as well as between early and late periods of the task. Brain-robot interfaces (BRIs) may successfully link three-dimensional robotic training to the participants’ efforts and allow for task-oriented practice of activities of daily living with a physiologically controlled multi-joint exoskeleton. Changes of cortical physiology during the task might also help to make subject-specific adjustments of task difficulty and guide adjunct interventions to facilitate motor learning for functional restoration, a proposal that warrants further investigation in a larger cohort of stroke patients.
University Leadership: The Role of the Chief Executive

Preface The transformation of higher education The role of the vice-chancellor theoretical and historical perspectives Career-paths patterns of continuity and change Corporate leader vision and strategy The pattern of days internal roles and relationships External accountability governing bodies, networking and the policy community Cultures of leadership styles and approaches Comparative models of leadership America and Europe Conclusions Appendix research methodology Bibliography Index.