Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of Downlink Spectrum Sharing in Two-Tier Cognitive Femto Networks

In two-tier networks consisting of a macrocell overlaid with femtocells in cochannel deployment and closed-access policy, spatial reuse is achieved at the price of severe intratier and cross-tier interference from concurrent transmissions. The interference causes significant performance degradation, particularly when coordination among base stations (BSs) is infeasible. Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising technique for interference mitigation, where femto-BSs with cognitive information accomplish concurrent transmissions while meeting a per-tier outage constraint. This paper studies the role of information sensed at femto-BSs on the transmission capacity. By exploiting different cognitive information, we propose spectrum-sharing schemes between macrocell and femtocell, as well as among femtocells, to improve spatial reuse gain. Bounds on the maximum intensity of simultaneously transmitting femtocells that satisfy a given per-tier outage constraint in these schemes are theoretically derived via a stochastic geometry model. We conduct simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes in terms of transmission capacity. The results confirm that, when femto-BSs acquire the knowledge of user channel statistics or user location information, significant spatial reuse gain can be achieved by exploiting the avoidance region and multiuser diversity.
Many sets have more sums than differences

Since addition is commutative but subtraction is not, the sumset S+S of a finite set S is predisposed to be smaller than the difference set S-S. In this paper, however, we show that each of the three possibilities (|S+S|>|S-S|, |S+S|=|S-S|, |S+S|<|S-S|) occur for a positive proportion of the subsets of {0, 1, . , n-1}. We also show that the difference |S+S| - |S-S| can take any integer value, and we show that the expected number of omitted differences is asymptotically 6 while the expected number of missing sums is asymptotically 10. Other data and conjectures on the distribution of these quantities are also given.
Low Profile Mesh Plating for Patella Fractures: Video of a Novel Surgical Technique

Summary: Patella fractures can be challenging to treat particularly in the presence of inferior pole comminution. In this video we present a novel surgical technique for the treatment of patella fractures using a small fragment low profile mesh plate. Key points are the surgical exposure with direct visualization of the articular reduction, the preparation of the mesh plate to accommodate patellar anatomy and the augmentation of the construct using Krackow sutures to address inferior pole comminution. Low profile mesh plating allows for multiplanar fixation of patella fractures while avoiding implant and fixation problems related to tension band fixation. Our early experience with this technique is encouraging and it appears that this technique is useful for the treatment of the majority of patella fractures.
Time and Energy Constraints in Pinniped Lactation

Previous reviews have recognized patterns of lactation in pinnipeds divided along phylogenetic lines. This study extended previous models of lactation in pinnipeds by explicitly taking into account all the energetic costs to mothers. Based on an analysis of time‐energy budgets, the feasible lactation strategy for a species can be shown to depend on body mass. Due to increased metabolic costs of maintenance, species with a large body mass cannot normally sustain lactation by foraging during lactation unless they have access to rich local prey resources. Consequently, large pinni‐peds must normally sustain lactation from body reserves. This disadvantage is compensated in large pinnipeds by freedom to forage in support of offspring at greater range whereas small pinnipeds are restricted to foraging within the locality of the pupping colony. In the absence of correlations between major life‐history variables and body mass in pinnipeds, the principal patterns of lactation are likely to be different solutions to the trade‐off between foraging on a relatively rich prey resource at long range and foraging on a poorer prey resource within a restricted range. Hence phylogeny may be less important than adaptation in the evolution of pinniped lactation.
Investment, Capacity, and Uncertainty: A Putty-Clay Approach

In this paper, we embed the microeconomic decisions associated with investment under uncertainty, capacity utilization, and machine replacement in a general equilibrium model based on putty-clay technology. We show that the combination of log-normally distributed idiosyncratic productivity uncertainty and Leontief utilization choice yields an aggregate production function that is easily characterized in terms of hazard rates for the standard normal distribution. At low levels of idiosyncratic uncertainty, the short-run elasticity of supply is substantially lower than the elasticity of supply obtained from a fully-flexible Cobb-Douglas alternative. In the presence of irreversible factor proportions, an increase in idiosyncratic uncertainty about the productivity of an investment project typically reduces investment at the micro level, but it raises aggregate investment. Increases in uncertainty also have important dynamic implications, causing sustained increases in investment and hours and a medium-term expansion in the growth rate of labor productivity.
Truncation of power law behavior in "scale-free" network models due to information filtering.

We formulate a general model for the growth of scale-free networks under filtering information conditions-that is, when the nodes can process information about only a subset of the existing nodes in the network. We find that the distribution of the number of incoming links to a node follows a universal scaling form, i.e., that it decays as a power law with an exponential truncation controlled not only by the system size but also by a feature not previously considered, the subset of the network "accessible" to the node. We test our model with empirical data for the World Wide Web and find agreement.
Artificial Ontogeny for Truss Structure Design

This paper introduces an approach based on Artificial Embryogeny for truss design to address the problem of finding the best truss structure for a given loading. In this setup, the basic idea is to optimize the size and length of beams in a truss through the actions of a set of cells that are distributed over the very truss structure. Given information at the mechanical level (beam strain), each cell controller is able to modify the local truss structure (beam size and length) during a developmental process. The advantage of such a method relies on the idea that a template cell controller is duplicated over all cells, keeping the optimization search space very low, while each cell may act in a different manner depending on local information. This approach is demonstrated on a classical benchmark, the ”cantilever”: resulting organisms are shown to provide very interesting and unique properties regarding reuse of optimized genotypes in noisy or higher-dimension settings.
The circumstellar environments of high-mass protostellar objects

We present maps of the 850 µm and 450 µm continuum emission seen towards a sample of 68 high-mass protostellar candidates with luminosities ranging from 10 2.5 Lto ∼10 5 L� . Most of these candidate high-mass stars are in the earliest stages of evolution, and have not yet developed an ultra-compact HII region. We observe a variety of continuum emission morphologies, from compact symmetric sources through to multiple cores embedded in long filaments of emission. We find on average there is a 65% probability of an IRAS point-source having a companion detection at submillimetre wavelengths. The ratio of integrated flux to peak flux for our detections shows no strong dependence on distance, suggesting the emission we have observed is primarily from scale-free envelopes with power-law density structures. Assuming a near kinematic distance projection, the clumps we detect vary in mass from ∼1 Mto over 1000 M� , with a mean clump mass of 330 M� , column density of 9 × 10 23 cm −2 and diameter of ∼0.6 pc. The high luminosity and low mass of the smallest clumps suggests they are accompanied by a minimal number of stellar companions, while the most massive clumps may be examples of young protogroups and protoclusters. We measure the spectral index of the dust emission (α) and the spectral index of the dust grain opacity (β) towards each object, finding clumps with morphologies suggestive of strong temperature gradients, and of grain growth in their dense inner regions. We find a mean value for β of 0.9, significantly smaller than observed towards UCHII regions.
Discretization of Magnetization Curves and Their Application in Size Estimation of Nanosized Ferrofluid

The method to determine the size distribution of nanosized ferrofluid by optimizing the discretization strategy used in calculations is demonstrated in this paper. The discretization strategy is achieved with a modified optimal quantization theory to eventually reduce the ill-posed property of the magnetization numerical model. The optimization then enables the suppression of artificial oscillation found in previous estimation. The suppression of oscillations caused by the ill-posed feature can accurately resolve dimers in ferrofluid. The suppression of oscillations caused by the ill-posed feature can accurately resolve dimers in ferrofluid.
Structural insights into the biogenesis and biofilm formation by the Escherichia coli common pilus

Bacteria have evolved a variety of mechanisms for developing community-based biofilms. These bacterial aggregates are of clinical importance, as they are a major source of recurrent disease. Bacterial surface fibers (pili) permit adherence to biotic and abiotic substrates, often in a highly specific manner. The Escherichia coli common pilus (ECP) represents a remarkable family of extracellular fibers that are associated with both disease-causing and commensal strains. ECP plays a dual role in early-stage biofilm development and host cell recognition. Despite being the most common fimbrial structure, relatively little is known regarding its biogenesis, architecture, and function. Here we report atomic-resolution insight into the biogenesis and architecture of ECP. We also derive a structural model for entwined ECP fibers that not only illuminates interbacteria communication during biofilm formation but also provides a useful foundation for the design of novel nanofibers.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Livestock-Associated ST398 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Humans in Canada

ABSTRACT Despite reports of high colonization rates of ST398 livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) among pigs and pig farmers, the incidence of LA-MRSA infection in the general population in Canada appears to be rare in comparison to that in some European countries. In this study, the complete genome sequence of a Canadian representative LA-MRSA isolate (08BA02176) from a human postoperative surgical site infection was acquired and compared to the sequenced genome of an LA-MRSA isolate (S0385) from Europe to identify genetic traits that may explain differences in the success of these particular strains in some locales.
Copper Phthalocyanine based Organic Photo Field Effect Transistor as a Sensor for Optical Instrumentation

A thin film of organic p-type semiconducting copper phthalocynanine (CuPc) and a semitransparent Al film were deposited by vacuum evaporation on a glass substrate with Ag film source and drain electrodes. Organic field effect transistor with metal (aluminum)-semiconductor (copper phthalocyanine) Schottky type junction was fabricated. Investigations were made for the effect of modulated LED's irradiation on its characteristics at frequency ranging from 10 Hz-100 kHz. Drain current of organic phototransistor (OPT) was observed to . increase quasi-linearly with illumination. Organic field effect transistor was observed to be sensitive at frequency range from 16 Hz to 316 Hz (AC current) and from 16 Hz to 10 kHz (DC current). A block diagram of optical instrumentation with OPT as a sensor is also proposed.
Welcome Shiftwork and the Real Business Cycle

We study the impact of introducing shiftwork into a real business cycle model on: productivity, employment, hours and output. Our model of shiftwork allows for non-simultaneous production with different labor inputs within a period, in which the workweek of capital and capacity utilization are determined endogenously. The model is estimated by maximum likelihood using the Kalman Þlter and the last forty years of quarterly U.S. data. Our estimates suggest shiftwork helps to explain U.S. business cycle ßuctuations. We Þnd that shiftwork is a critical ingredient of the business cycle, and that employment during the late shift is very procyclical. In the presence of shiftwork, capacity utilization does not work in the business cycle frequency, although it remains a vital ingredient of real business cycle theory. The estimated variability of total factor productivity is much smaller than is usually required to generate US business cycle ßuctuations. Furthermore, the estimated conditional correlations between labor markets variables and the stochastic components of the model are in agreement with the predictions of RBC theory. JEL ClassiÞcation Codes: E32 and C52.
Spherically Symmetric Simulation with Boltzmann Neutrino Transport of Core Collapse and Postbounce Evolution of a 15 M☉ Star

We present a spherically symmetric, Newtonian core collapse simulation of a 15 M☉ star with a 1.28 M☉ iron core. The time-, energy-, and angle-dependent transport of electron neutrinos (νe) and antineutrinos (e) was treated with a new code that iteratively solves the Boltzmann equation and the equations for neutrino number, energy, and momentum to order O(v/c) in the velocity v of the stellar medium. The supernova shock expands to a maximum radius of 350 km instead of only ~240 km as in a comparable calculation with multigroup flux-limited diffusion (MGFLD) by Bruenn, Mezzacappa, & Dineva. This may be explained by stronger neutrino heating due to the more accurate transport in our model. Nevertheless, after 180 ms of expansion the shock finally recedes to a radius around 250 km (compared to ~170 km in the MGFLD run). The effect of an accurate neutrino transport is helpful but not large enough to cause an explosion of the considered 15 M☉ star. Therefore, postshock convection and/or an enhancement of the core neutrino luminosity by convection or reduced neutrino opacities in the neutron star seem necessary for neutrino-driven explosions of such stars. We find an electron fraction Ye > 0.5 in the neutrino-heated matter, which suggests that the overproduction problem of neutron-rich nuclei with mass numbers A ≈ 90 in exploding models may be absent when a Boltzmann solver is used for the νe and e transport.
A demonstration of ensemble-based assimilation methods with a layered OGCM from the perspective of operational ocean forecasting systems

A demonstration study of three advanced, sequential data assimilation methods, applied with the nonlinear Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM), has been performed within the European Commission-funded DIADEM project. The data assimilation techniques considered are the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), the Ensemble Kalman Smoother (EnKS) and the Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman (SEEK) Filter, which all in different ways resemble the original Kalman Filter. In the EnKF and EnKS an ensemble of model states is integrated forward in time according to the model dynamics, and statistical moments needed at analysis time are calculated from the ensemble of model states. The EnKS, as opposed to the EnKF, update the analysis also backward in time whenever new observations are available, thereby improving the estimated states at the previous analysis times. The SEEK filter reduces the computational burden of the error propagation by representing the errors in a subspace which is initially calculated from a truncated EOF analysis. A hindcast experiment, where sea-level anomaly and sea-surface temperature data are assimilated, has been conducted in the North Atlantic for the time period July until September 1996. In this paper, we describe the implementation of ensemble-based assimilation methods with a common theoretical framework, we present results from hindcast experiments achieved with the EnKF, EnKS and SEEK filter, and we discuss the relative merits of these methods from the perspective of operational marine monitoring and forecasting systems. We found that the three systems have similar performances, and they can be considered feasible technologically for building preoperational prototypes. D 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Group Invariant Scattering

This paper constructs translation‐invariant operators on $\font\open=msbm10 at 10pt\def\R{\hbox{\open R}}{\bf L}^2({{{\R}}}^d)$, which are Lipschitz‐continuous to the action of diffeomorphisms. A scattering propagator is a path‐ordered product of nonlinear and noncommuting operators, each of which computes the modulus of a wavelet transform. A local integration defines a windowed scattering transform, which is proved to be Lipschitz‐continuous to the action of C2 diffeomorphisms. As the window size increases, it converges to a wavelet scattering transform that is translation invariant. Scattering coefficients also provide representations of stationary processes. Expected values depend upon high‐order moments and can discriminate processes having the same power spectrum. Scattering operators are extended on L2(G), where G is a compact Lie group, and are invariant under the action of G. Combining a scattering on $\font\open=msbm10 at 10pt\def\R{\hbox{\open R}}{\bf L}^2({{{\R}}}^d)$ and on L2(SO(d)) defines a translation‐ and rotation‐invariant scattering on $\font\open=msbm10 at 10pt\def\R{\hbox{\open R}}{\bf L}^2({{{\R}}}^d)$. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distributed Power Allocation for D2D Communications Underlaying/Overlaying OFDMA Cellular Networks

The implementation of device-to-device (D2D) underlaying or overlaying preexisting cellular networks has received much attention due to the potential of enhancing the total cell throughput, reducing the power consumption, and increasing the instantaneous data rate. In this paper, we propose a distributed power allocation scheme for D2D OFDMA communications and, in particular, we consider the two operating modes amenable to a distributed implementation: dedicated and reuse modes. The proposed schemes address the problem of maximizing the users’ sum rate subject to power constraints, which is known to be nonconvex and, as such, extremely difficult to be solved exactly. We propose here a fresh approach to this well-known problem, capitalizing on the fact that the power allocation problem can be modeled as a potential game. Exploiting the potential games property of converging under better response dynamics, we propose two fully distributed iterative algorithms, one for each operation mode considered, where each user updates sequentially and autonomously its power allocation. Numerical results, computed for several different user scenarios, show that the proposed methods, which converge to one of the local maxima of the objective function, exhibit performance close to the maximum achievable optimum and outperform other schemes presented in the literature.
Spherically Punctured Reed–Muller Codes

Consider a binary Reed–Muller code RM<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(r,m)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> defined on the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-dimensional hypercube <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb {F}_{2}^{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In this paper, we study punctured Reed–Muller codes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{r}(m,b)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, whose positions are restricted to the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-tuples of a given Hamming weight <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$b$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In combinatorial terms, this paper concerns <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-variate Boolean polynomials of any degree <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which are evaluated on a Hamming sphere of some radius <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$b$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb {F}_{2}^{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Codes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{r}(m,b)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> inherit some recursive properties of RM codes. In particular, they can be built from the shorter codes, by decomposing a spherical <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$b$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-layer into sub-layers of smaller dimensions. However, these sub-layers have different sizes and do not form the classical Plotkin construction. We analyze recursive properties of the spherically punctured codes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{r}(m,b)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and find their distances for the arbitrary values of parameters <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r,m$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$b$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Finally, we describe recursive (successive cancellation) decoding of these codes.
Designing interactive activities within Scratch 2.0 for improving abilities to identify numerical sequences

This paper presents the progress of an ongoing research aimed at developing the number sense in third graders. Based on assessment results of a sample of elementary schools in the Municipality of Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico, we investigate the problem of mathematics learning with a cognitive approach. The study identifies the student's weakness related to their abilities to conceptualize the meaning of the numbers and its relationships. We present the main ideas of pedagogical design of a serious game developed in Scratch 2.0 that enhances the ability to identify and build sequences. Preliminary results suggest the use of a webcam to increase student's interaction and improve their numerical abilities.
Optimism and Cardiovascular Health: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

OBJECTIVES We examined the cross-sectional association between optimism and cardiovascular health (CVH). METHODS We used data collected from adults aged 52-84 who participated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (n=5,134) during the first follow-up visit (2002-2004). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations of optimism with ideal and intermediate CVH (with reference being poor CVH), after adjusting for socio-demographic factors and psychological ill-being. RESULTS Participants in the highest quartile of optimism were more likely to have intermediate [OR=1.51:95%CI=1.25,1.82] and ideal [OR=1.92:95%CI=1.30,2.85] CVH when compared to the least optimistic group. Individual CVH metrics of diet, physical activity, BMI, smoking, blood sugar and total cholesterol contributed to the overall association. CONCLUSIONS We offer evidence for a cross-sectional association between optimism and CVH.