Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meridional movement of wind anomalies during ENSO events and their role in event termination

Observational analysis has shown that when El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events typically reach their peak amplitude in boreal winter, the associated zonal wind anomalies abruptly shift southward so that the maximum anomalous zonal wind is located around 5°–7°S. Here, an analysis utilizing multiple wind products identifies a clear ENSO phase nonlinearity in the extent of this meridional wind movement and its dynamically linked changes in equatorial heat content. It is shown that the meridional wind movement and its discharging effect increase with increasing El Niño amplitude, while both remain relatively small regardless of La Niña amplitude. This result implies that asymmetries in the extent of the meridional wind shift may contribute to the observed asymmetry in the duration of El Niño and La Niña events. We also evaluate the result sensitivities to wind product selection and discuss Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP) El Niño event differences.
QRP05-4: Internet Traffic Identification using Machine Learning

We apply an unsupervised machine learning approach for Internet traffic identification and compare the results with that of a previously applied supervised machine learning approach. Our unsupervised approach uses an expectation maximization (EM) based clustering algorithm and the supervised approach uses the naive Bayes classifier. We find the unsupervised clustering technique has an accuracy up to 91% and outperform the supervised technique by up to 9%. We also find that the unsupervised technique can be used to discover traffic from previously unknown applications and has the potential to become an excellent tool for exploring Internet traffic.
Auditory processing in children and adolescents in situations of risk and vulnerability

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Children and adolescents who live in situations of social vulnerability present a series of health problems. Nonetheless, affirmations that sensory and cognitive abnormalities are present are a matter of controversy. The aim of this study was to investigate aspects to auditory processing, through applying the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and behavioral auditory processing tests to children living on the streets, and comparison with a control group. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in the Laboratory of Auditory Processing, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo. METHODS: The auditory processing tests were applied to a group of 27 individuals, subdivided into 11 children (7 to 10 years old) and 16 adolescents (11 to 16 years old), of both sexes, in situations of social vulnerability, compared with an age-matched control group of 10 children and 11 adolescents without complaints. The BAEP test was also applied to investigate the integrity of the auditory pathway. RESULTS: For both children and adolescents, there were significant differences between the study and control groups in most of the tests applied, with significantly worse performance in the study group, except in the pediatric speech intelligibility test. Only one child had an abnormal result in the BAEP test. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the study group (children and adolescents) presented poor performance in the behavioral auditory processing tests, despite their unaltered auditory brainstem pathways, as shown by their normal results in the BAEP test.
An introduction to inertial navigation

Until recently the weight and size of inertial sensors has prohibited their use in domains such as human motion capture. Recent improvements in the performance of small and lightweight micromachined electromechanical systems (MEMS) inertial sensors have made the application of inertial techniques to such problems possible. This has resulted in an increased interest in the topic of inertial navigation, however current introductions to the subject fail to sufficiently describe the error characteristics of inertial systems. We introduce inertial navigation, focusing on strapdown systems based on MEMS devices. A combination of measurement and simulation is used to explore the error characteristics of such systems. For a simple inertial navigation system (INS) based on the Xsens Mtx inertial measurement unit (IMU), we show that the average error in position grows to over 150 m after 60 seconds of operation. The propagation of orientation errors caused by noise perturbing gyroscope signals is identified as the critical cause of such drift. By simulation we examine the significance of individual noise processes perturbing the gyroscope signals, identifying white noise as the process which contributes most to the overall drift of the system. Sensor fusion and domain specific constraints can be used to reduce drift in INSs. For an example INS we show that sensor fusion using magnetometers can reduce the average error in position obtained by the system after 60 seconds from over 150 m to around 5 m. We conclude that whilst MEMS IMU technology is rapidly improving, it is not yet possible to build a MEMS based INS which gives sub-meter position accuracy for more than one minute of operation.
Validation of the SQUASH Physical Activity Questionnaire in a Multi-Ethnic Population: The HELIUS Study

Purpose To investigate the reliability and validity of the SQUASH physical activity (PA) questionnaire in a multi-ethnic population living in the Netherlands. Methods We included participants from the HELIUS study, a population-based cohort study. In this study we included Dutch (n = 114), Turkish (n = 88), Moroccan (n = 74), South-Asian Surinamese (n = 98) and African Surinamese (n = 91) adults, aged 18–70 years. The SQUASH was self-administered twice to assess test-re-test reliability (mean interval 6–7 weeks) and participants wore an accelerometer and heart rate monitor (Actiheart) to enable assessment of construct validity. Results We observed low test-re-test reliability; Intra class correlation coefficients ranged from low (0.05 for moderate/high intensity PA in African Surinamese women) to acceptable (0.78 for light intensity PA in Moroccan women). The discrepancy between self-reported and measured PA differed on the basis of the intensity of activity: self-reported light intensity PA was lower than measured but self-reported moderate/high intensity PA was higher than measured, with wide limits of agreement. The discrepancy between questionnaire and Actiheart measures of moderate intensity PA did not differ between ethnic minority and Dutch participants with correction for relevant confounders. Additionally, the SQUASH overestimated the number of participants meeting the Dutch PA norm; Cohen’s kappas for the agreement were poor, the highest being 0.30 in Dutch women. Conclusion We found considerable variation in the test-re-test reliability and validity of self-reported PA with no consistency based on ethnic origin. Our findings imply that the SQUASH does not provide a valid basis for comparison of PA between ethnic groups.
Repressive but not activating epigenetic modifications are aberrant on the inactive X chromosome in live cloned cattle

X inactivation is the process of a chromosome‐wide silencing of the majority of genes on the X chromosome during early mammalian development. This process may be aberrant in cloned animals. Here we show that repressive modifications, such as methylation of DNA, and the presence of methylated histones, H3K9me2 and H3K27me3, exhibit distinct aberrance on the inactive X chromosome in live clones. In contrast, H3K4me3, an active gene marker, is obviously missing from the inactive X chromosome in all cattle studied. This suggests that the disappearance of active histone modifications (H3K4me3) seems to be more important for X inactivation than deposition of marks associated with heterochromatin (DNA methylation, H3K27me3 and H3K9me2). It also implies that even apparently normal clones may have subtle abnormalities in repressive, but not activating epigenetic modifications on the inactive X when they survive to term. We also found that the histone H3 methylations were enriched and co‐localized at q21‐31 of the active X chromosome, which may be associated with an abundance of LINE1 repeat elements.
First OH Airglow Observation of Mesospheric Gravity Waves Over European Russia Region

For the first time, we perform a study of mesospheric gravity waves (GWs) for four different seasons of 1 year in the latitudinal band from 45°N to 75°N using an OH all‐sky airglow imager over Kazan (55.8°N, 49.2°E), Russia, during the period of August 2015 to July 2016. Our observational study fills a huge airglow imaging observation gap in Europe and Russia region. In total, 125 GW events and 28 ripple events were determined by OH airglow images in 98 clear nights. The observed GWs showed a strong preference of propagation toward northeast in all seasons, which was significantly different from airglow imager observations at other latitudes that the propagation directions were seasonal dependent. The middle atmosphere wind field is used to explain the lack of low phase speed GWs since these GWs were falling into the blocking region due to the filtering effects. Deep tropospheric convections derived from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data are determined near Caucasus Mountains region, which suggests that the convections are the dominant source of the GWs in spring, summer, and autumn seasons. This finding extends our knowledge that convection might also be an important source of GWs in the higher latitudes. In winter the generation mechanism of the GWs are considered to be jet stream systems. In addition, the occurrence frequency of ripple is much lower than other stations. This study provides some constraints on the range of GW parameters in GW parameterization in general circulation models in Europe and Russia region.
The effectiveness of cultural competence programs in ethnic minority patient-centered health care--a systematic review of the literature.

PURPOSE To examine the effectiveness of patient-centered care (PCC) models, which incorporate a cultural competence (CC) perspective, in improving health outcomes among culturally and linguistically diverse patients. DATA SOURCES The search included seven EBSCO-host databases: Academic Search Complete, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL with Full Text, Global Health, MEDLINE with Full Text, PsycINFO PsycARTICLES, PsycEXTRA, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection and Pubmed, Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTION The review was undertaken following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and the critical appraisals skill program guidelines, covering the period from January 2000 to July 2011. Data extraction Data were extracted from the studies using a piloted form, including fields for study research design, population under study, setting, sample size, study results and limitations. RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS The initial search identified 1450 potentially relevant studies. Only 13 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 11 were quantitative studies and 2 were qualitative. The conclusions drawn from the retained studies indicated that CC PCC programs increased practitioners' knowledge, awareness and cultural sensitivity. No significant findings were identified in terms of improved patient health outcomes. CONCLUSION PCC models that incorporate a CC component are increased practitioners' knowledge about and awareness of dealing with culturally diverse patients. However, there is a considerable lack of research looking into whether this increase in practitioner knowledge translates into better practice, and in turn improved patient-related outcomes. More research examining this specific relationship is, thus, needed.
Fluorescence Lectin Bar-Coding of Glycoconjugates in the Extracellular Matrix of Biofilm and Bioaggregate Forming Microorganisms

Microbial biofilm systems are defined as interface-associated microorganisms embedded into a self-produced matrix. The extracellular matrix represents a continuous challenge in terms of characterization and analysis. The tools applied in more detailed studies comprise extraction/chemical analysis, molecular characterization, and visualisation using various techniques. Imaging by laser microscopy became a standard tool for biofilm analysis, and, in combination with fluorescently labelled lectins, the glycoconjugates of the matrix can be assessed. By employing this approach a wide range of pure culture biofilms from different habitats were examined using the commercially available lectins. From the results, a binary barcode pattern of lectin binding can be generated. Furthermore, the results can be fine-tuned and transferred into a heat map according to signal intensity. The lectin barcode approach is suggested as a useful tool for investigating the biofilm matrix characteristics and dynamics at various levels, e.g. bacterial cell surfaces, adhesive footprints, individual microcolonies, and the gross biofilm or bio-aggregate. Hence fluorescence lectin bar-coding (FLBC) serves as a basis for a subsequent tailor-made fluorescence lectin-binding analysis (FLBA) of a particular biofilm. So far, the lectin approach represents the only tool for in situ characterization of the glycoconjugate makeup in biofilm systems. Furthermore, lectin staining lends itself to other fluorescence techniques in order to correlate it with cellular biofilm constituents in general and glycoconjugate producers in particular.
Clinimetric Properties of the Motor Activity Log for the Assessment of Arm Use in Hemiparetic Patients

Background and Purpose— The Motor Activity Log (MAL) is a semistructured interview for hemiparetic stroke patients to assess the use of their paretic arm and hand (amount of use [AOU]) and quality of movement [QOM]) during activities of daily living. Scores range from 0 to 5. The following clinimetric properties of the MAL were quantified: internal consistency (Cronbach α), test–retest agreement (Bland and Altman method), cross-sectional construct validity (correlation between AOU and QOM and with the Action Research Arm [ARA] test), longitudinal construct validity (correlation of change on the MAL during the intervention with a global change rating [GCR] and with change on the ARA), and responsiveness (effect size). Methods— Two baseline measurements 2 weeks apart and 1 follow-up measurement immediately after 2 weeks of intensive exercise therapy either with or without immobilization of the unimpaired arm (forced use) were performed in 56 chronic stroke patients. Results— Internal consistency was high (AOU: α=0.88; QOM: α=0.91). The limits of agreement were −0.70 to 0.85 and −0.61 to 0.71 for AOU and QOM, respectively. The correlation with the ARA score (Spearman ρ) was 0.63 (AOU and QOM). However, the improvement on the MAL during the intervention was only weakly related to the GCR and to the improvement on the ARA, Spearman ρ was between 0.16 and 0.22. The responsiveness ratio was 1.9 (AOU) and 2.0 (QOM). Conclusion— The MAL is internally consistent and relatively stable in chronic stroke patients not undergoing an intervention. The cross-sectional construct validity of the MAL is reasonable, but the results raise doubt about its longitudinal construct validity.
Comparative jet wake structure and swimming performance of salps

SUMMARY Salps are barrel-shaped marine invertebrates that swim by jet propulsion. Morphological variations among species and life-cycle stages are accompanied by differences in swimming mode. The goal of this investigation was to compare propulsive jet wakes and swimming performance variables among morphologically distinct salp species (Pegea confoederata, Weelia (Salpa) cylindrica, Cyclosalpa sp. ) and relate swimming patterns to ecological function. Using a combination of in situ dye visualization and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements, we describe properties of the jet wake and swimming performance variables including thrust, drag and propulsive efficiency. Locomotion by all species investigated was achieved via vortex ring propulsion. The slow-swimming P. confoederata produced the highest weight-specific thrust (T=53 N kg–1) and swam with the highest whole-cycle propulsive efficiency (ηwc=55%). The fast-swimming W. cylindrica had the most streamlined body shape but produced an intermediate weight-specific thrust (T=30 N kg–1) and swam with an intermediate whole-cycle propulsive efficiency (ηwc=52%). Weak swimming performance variables in the slow-swimming C. affinis, including the lowest weight-specific thrust (T=25 N kg–1) and lowest whole-cycle propulsive efficiency (ηwc=47%), may be compensated by low energetic requirements. Swimming performance variables are considered in the context of ecological roles and evolutionary relationships.
Peritoneovenous shunting for nongynecologic malignant ascites

The development of malignant ascites has been associated with a poor prognosis. Previous reports have documented high morbidity rates associated with placement of palliative peritoneovenous shunts (PVS). Most study series have included gynecologic malignancies in their analysis, and wide variations in survival time have been reported. Reported data from nongynecologic malignancies and identification of preoperative factors associated with improved outcome were the concerns of the current study, which attempted toidentify patients with malignant ascites who might have benefitted from PVS.
Harnessing the Crowd: The Demand-Side Dynamics of Equity Crowdfunding in Nascent Entrepreneurial Ventures

Equity crowdfunding has rapidly established itself as an important part of the funding landscape for entrepreneurial ventures. However, little is known about the ‘demand’ for equity crowdfunding. This paper reports on a large-scale study of UK equity crowdfunded firms. The study found strong demand for equity crowdfunding from entrepreneurs in consumer-focused, early stage firms. Many were ‘discouraged borrowers’, attracted by the ability to obtain finance quickly with little diminution in their equity or autonomy. Crowdfunding also seems to confer important intangible benefits to investee companies, in terms of firm valuation and product validation. Implications for theory and future research are outlined. WP No 15-009 3rd Quarter 2015
Applying Insights from Behavioral Economics to Policy Design

The premise of this article is that an understanding of psychology and other social science disciplines can inform the effectiveness of the economic tools traditionally deployed in carrying out the functions of government, which include remedying market failures, redistributing income, and collecting tax revenue. An understanding of psychology can also lead to the development of different policy tools that better motivate desired behavior change or that are more cost-effective than traditional policy tools. The article outlines a framework for thinking about the psychology of behavior change in the context of market failures. It then describes the research on the effects of a variety of interventions rooted in an understanding of psychology that have policy-relevant applications. The article concludes by discussing how an understanding of psychology can also inform the use and design of traditional policy tools for behavior change, such as financial incentives.
Effects of Different Types of Human Foods on Dental Health in Experimental Animals

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA LE EFFECTOS DE DIFFERENTE TYPOS DE ALIMENTATION HUMAN SUPER LE SALUTE DENTAL DE ANIMALES EXPERIMENTAL. —Studios clinic in patientes con marcatemente active carie dental monstrava que numerose differente alimentos e bibitas habeva essite consumite, in multe casos inter le repastos regular. Con le objectivo de testar experimentalmente le cariogenicitate relative de ille alimentos e bibitas, 53 de typo representative esseva offerite ad libitum durante 28 dies a recentemente dislactate rattos de linea Osborne-Mendel. Le resultatos de iste experimentos animal ha clarificate le datos dietari de previe studios clinic. Illos indica que multe communmente consumite alimentos e bibitas es possibilemente cariogene.
NON-DESTRUCTIVE POSTHARVEST MATURITY EVALUATION OF GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLE

The aim of our work was the non-invasive maturity determination of Golden Delicious apples during 35 days long cold (2°C) and shelf-life storage (20°C). Significant difference was found between cold and at 20°C stored samples in case of mass loss, acoustic stiffness coefficient, RGB color parameters and chlorophyll content related parameters (IAD, F0, FM, FV/FM). The DA-value and the chlorophyll fluorescence values did not show significant differences between the blushed and shaded sides of
Pit Dimensions in the Early Development of Conilon Coffee Propagated by Seeds and Cuttings

The knowledge about the interactions between pit dimensions and propagation methods can provide important information for the Conilon coffee crop since these basic steps can influence the entire production cycle of the tillage. The objective of this study was to access the initial development (vegetative and radicular) of Conilon coffee propagated by seed and stake and cultivated in pits with different dimensions. The experiment was a randomized block design with four replicates of three plants. The treatments were arranged in a 2x3 factorial scheme, with two Original Research Article Baitelle et al.; JEAI, 20(1): 1-8, 2018; Article no.JEAI. 39078 2 propagation methods (seed and cutting), and three pit dimensions (20x20x20 cm, 30x30x30 cm and 40x40x40 cm). The number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, main root length, root volume, dry mass of aerial part and root, and relation aerial/root part, were evaluated 18 months after transplanting. There was a significant interaction between the propagation methods and the pit dimensions, only for the number of leaves and root length, wherein the smaller pits, the seedlings propagated by seed were superior to the clonal ones. The other variables analyzed presented significant differences only for the pit dimensions factor. The initial development of the Conilon coffee isn't influenced by the propagation method. The pit dimensions directly affects the initial development of the Conilon coffee Incaper ‘Vitória 8142' clone number 10, and pits with the largest dimensions provide an increase in the initial development of the plants.
Diverse Middle Triassic Tetrapod Footprint Assemblage from the Muschelkalk of Germany

ABSTRACT We describe a Middle Triassic tetrapod footprint assemblage from the Muschelkalk along the margin of the Germanic Basin. Twelve excavated footprint levels yielded the ichnogenera Synaptichnium, Isochirotherium, Chirotherium, Atreipus-Grallator, Rotodactylus, Gwyneddichnium, Rhynchosauroides, Procolophonichnium, therapsid footprints similar to Dicynodontipus, an undetermined chirotheriid with exceptionally large manus imprints and tetrapod swim traces. Track makers of the Muschelkalk assemblages were archosauromorphs and crown-group archosaurs and synapsids. The absence of mudcracks and the high diversity of tetrapods suggest a paleoenvironment with long-term availability of water and food resources.
The Effect of Effectiveness: Donor Response to Aid Effectiveness in a Direct Mail Fundraising Experiment

We test how donors respond to new information about a charity's effectiveness. Freedom from Hunger implemented a test of its direct marketing solicitations, varying letters by whether they include a discussion of their program's impact as measured by scientific research. The base script, used for both treatment and control, included a standard qualitative story about an individual beneficiary. Adding scientific impact information has no effect on average likelihood of giving or average gift amount. However, we find important heterogeneity: large prior donors both are more likely to give and also give more, whereas small prior donors are less likely to give. This pattern is consistent with two different types of donors: warm glow donors who respond negatively to analytical effectiveness information, and altruism donors who respond positively to such information.