Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Different Types of Conceptual Relations Modulate Brain Activation during Semantic Priming

Semantic priming, a well-established technique to study conceptual representation, has thus far produced variable fMRI results, both regarding the type of priming effects and their correlation with brain activation. The aims of the current study were (a) to investigate two types of semantic relations—categorical versus associative—under controlled processing conditions and (b) to investigate whether categorical and associative relations between words are correlated with response enhancement or response suppression. We used fMRI to examine neural correlates of semantic priming as subjects performed a lexical decision task with a long SOA (800 msec). Four experimental conditions were compared: categorically related trials (couch–bed), associatively related trials (couch–pillow), unrelated trials (couch–bridge), and nonword trials (couch–sibor). We found similar behavioral priming effects for both categorically and associatively related pairs. However, the neural priming effects differed: Categorically related pairs resulted in a neural suppression effect in the right MFG, whereas associatively related pairs resulted in response enhancement in the left IFG. A direct contrast between them revealed activation for categorically related trials in the right insular lobe. We conclude that perceptual and functional similarity of categorically related words may lead to response suppression within right-lateralized frontal regions that represent more retrieval effort and the recruitment of a broader semantic field. Associatively related pairs that require a different processing of the related target compared to the prime may lead to the response enhancement within left inferior frontal regions. Nevertheless, the differences between associative and categorical relations might be parametrical rather than absolutely distinct as both relationships recruit similar regions to a different degree.
Outcome in critically ill medical patients treated with renal replacement therapy for acute renal failure: comparison between patients with and those without haematological malignancies.

BACKGROUND Starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) for acute renal failure in critically ill patients with haematological malignancies is controversial because of the poor outcome and high costs. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome between critically ill medical patients with and without haematological malignancies who received RRT for acute renal failure. METHODS We retrospectively collected data on all consecutive patients who received RRT for acute renal failure at the Medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a University Hospital between 1997 and 2002, and assessed the impact of the presence of a haematological malignancy on the survival within 6 months after ICU admission by Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Fifty of the 222 (22.5%) consecutive patients with haematological malignancies admitted to the ICU over the study period received RRT for acute renal failure compared with 248 of the 4293 (5.8%) patients without haematological malignancies (P<0.001). Among patients who received RRT, those with haematological malignancies had higher crude ICU (79.6 vs 55.7%, P=0.002) and in-hospital (83.7 vs 66.1%, P=0.016) mortality rates, and a higher mortality at 6 months (86 vs 72%, P=0.018) by Kaplan-Meier estimates compared with those without haematological malignancies. However, after adjustment for the severity of illness and the duration of hospitalization before ICU admission, haematological malignancy by itself was no longer associated with a higher risk of death (hazard ratio 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.73-1.54, P=0.78). CONCLUSIONS Medical ICU patients with haematological malignancies have a higher rate of occurrence of acute renal failure treated with RRT and a higher mortality, compared with those without haematological malignancies. However, the presence of a haematological malignancy by itself is not a reason to withhold RRT in medical ICU patients with acute renal failure.
An Explanatory Model of Poverty from the Perspective of Social Psychology and Human Rights

Abstract Poverty is a social problem, entailing not only an economical perspective but above all a human and social issue. Poverty is promoted, justified and maintained by unique individuals and groups by means of our own attitudes, interests and behavior, as well as with our social structures and social relationships. From this interactive, psychosocial and sociostructural perspective, and also considering poverty as a denial of basic human rights (UNDP, 1998), we carried out a study with the primary objective to design and verify an Explanatory Model of Poverty. This research may helps to increase the validity of diagnostics and the effectiveness of interventions. Most of the hypotheses were accepted during the analysis and verification of the Model (p < .001), with data fitting the Model (CFI: 1 RMSEA: .025: LO90: 0 – HI90: .061. RMR: .008). These results, if replicated in new investigations, could have the following implications: (a) the need for a broad and comprehensive definition of poverty including its effects, processes and causes; (b) the need for everybody to accept the social responsibility in the prevention and solution to poverty; and (c) the need to conduct longitudinal interventions with scientific methodology and social participation.
Nutritional Properties and Antinutritional Factors of Corn Paste (Kutukutu) Fermented by Different Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria

The aim of this study is to reduce antinutritional factors and to improve the nutritional properties of Kutukutu during fermentation with Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). For that, Kutukutu (700 g) was prepared in the laboratory and inoculated with pure cultures of LAB (109 CFU/mL). Then, preparation was incubated for 120 h. Every 24 h, Kutukutu were collected, dried at 45°C for 24 h, and analyzed. The results showed that Lactobacillus brevis G25 increased reducing sugars content to 80.7% in Kutukutu after 96 h of fermentation. Lactobacillus fermentum N33 reduced the starch content to 73.2%, while Lactobacillus brevis G11, L. brevis G25, and Lactobacillus cellobiosus M41 rather increased the protein content to 18.9%. The bioavailability of Mg and Fe increased, respectively, to 50.5% and 70.6% in the Kutukutu fermented with L. brevis G25. L. plantarum A6 reduced the tannin content to 98.8% and L. buchneri M11 reduced the phytate content to 95.5%. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows that, for a best reduction of antinutrients factors and improvement of protein content and minerals, Kutukutu must be fermented by L. brevis G25 and L. fermentum N33, respectively. These starter cultures could be used to ameliorate nutritional proprieties of Kutukutu during the fermentation.
A Preliminary Study of Clinical Process in Relation to Outcome in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Panic Disorder

This study identified psychotherapeutic processes that relate meaningfully to psychotherapeutic outcome for patients with panic disorder undergoing Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PFPP) (Milrod et al., 1997). Subjects were 21 patients who participated in an open clinical trial of PFPP (Milrod et al., 2000; Milrod et al., 2001). The Interactive Process Assessment (IPA) (Klein, Milrod, and Busch, 1999), a process measure developed specifically to identify the process of PFPP, was used. Process-outcome relationships were calculated between process factors at early, mid, and late treatment and outcome measures at termination. Results showed that the therapist's focus on the transference late in treatment was associated with a decrease in panic symptoms. Transference focus early in the treatment, however, was correlated with an increase in related symptomatology, as measured by the HAM-A and SDS. It was unclear from the present study how focusing on panic symptomatology affected the treatment. This process might be better investigated by comparing this aspect of PFPP with alternative psychotherapies.
A Moisture-Stratiform Instability for Convectively Coupled Waves

Abstract A simple model of two vertical modes is constructed and analyzed to reveal the basic instability mechanisms of convectively coupled waves. The main novelty of this model is a convective parameterization based on the quasi-equilibrium concept and simplified for a model of two vertical modes. It hypothesizes 1) the approximate invariance of the difference between saturation moist static energy in the lower half of the troposphere and moist static energy in the subcloud layer, regardless of free troposphere humidity, and 2) that variations in the depth of convection are determined by moisture-deficit variations in the midtroposphere. Physical arguments for such a treatment are presented. For realistic model parameters chosen based on cloud system resolving model simulations (CSRMs) of an earlier study, the model produces unstable waves at wavelengths and with structures that compare well with the CSRM simulations and observations. A moisture–stratiform instability and a direct–stratiform instability.
Proteolipid Protein Gene Mutation Induces Altered Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia in the Myelin-Deficient Rat

Pelizaeus Merzbacher disease is an X-linked dysmyelinating disorder of the CNS, resulting from mutations in the proteolipid protein (PLP) gene. An animal model for this disorder, the myelin-deficient (MD) rat, carries a point mutation in thePLP gene and exhibits a phenotype similar to the fatal, connatal disease, including extensive dysmyelination, tremors, ataxia, and death at approximately postnatal day 21 (P21). We postulated that early death might result from disruption of myelinated neural pathways in the caudal brainstem and altered ventilatory response to oxygen deprivation or hypercapnic stimulus. Using barometric plethysmography to measure respiratory function, we found that the MD rat develops lethal hypoxic depression of breathing at P21, but hypercapnic ventilatory response is normal. Histologic examination of the caudal brainstem in the MD rat at this age showed extensive dysmyelination and downregulation of NMDA and to a lesser extent GABAAreceptors on neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius, hypoglossal nucleus, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Unexpectedly, immunoreactive PLP/DM20 was detected in neurons in the caudal brainstem. Not all biosynthetic functions and structural elements were altered in these neurons, because phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated neurofilament and choline acetyltransferase expression were comparable between MD and wild-type rats. These findings suggest that PLP is expressed in neurons in the developing brainstem and thatPLP gene mutation can selectively disrupt central processing of afferent neural input from peripheral chemoreceptors, leaving the central chemosensory system for hypercapnia intact.
Modulation of Endogenous and Exogenous Mechanisms of Attention

Modulation of Endogenous and Exogenous Mechanisms of Attention A thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts by Sylvia Guillory Selective attention can be guided by voluntary, effortful processes or involuntary and automatic behavior. Though attention is important in everyday functioning, relatively little is known about the neural mechanisms of this cognitive process. Using a visual working memory paradigm, I sought to describe the relationship among preparatory and information processing and behavioral performance using alpha-band power, and the N2 ERP component. A series of three experiments showed that the magnitude of the alpha-band oscillations, a characteristic of attentional engagement, modulates the N2, a component associated with selective attention.
Housebound elderly people: Definition, prevalence and characteristics

This study examines various physical, psychiatric, social and environmental factors associated with being housebound in an urban elderly community sample. Using a narrow definition of houseboundness, the overall rate in this sample was 3.5%; in respondents aged 85 years and over the rate was 20.0%. In a logistic regression analysis, physical health status, age, access to a car, floor of entry to household and household tenure emerged as significant independent predictors of houseboundness. Psychiatric disorder was not independently associated with houseboundness in this analysis. Housebound respondents reported higher rates of both formal and informal care; in those aged 65–74 years this extra care was provided by domiciliary health and social services, but in those aged 85 years and over only care by home helps and by family and friends was increased.
A User Centric Typology of is Requirements

With a boom in e-commerce, organizations have to contend with fulfilling IS (Information Systems) requirements of rapidly rising numbers of external users in addition to internal users. However, currently there is a gap in IS literature. Virtually no typological scheme (TS) exists for IS user requirements. And a typology is widely acknowledged as the first step towards understanding a phenomenon (Bailey, 1994). Using relevant research findings in the areas of job satisfaction, customer satisfaction and product quality this study explores the possibility of developing a TS of user requirements suitable to the IS context. The aim is to provide researchers with a theoretical foundation for user-centric research in requirements engineering. The outcome of the study, iteratively reached, through literature review and experimentation, is encouraging. The requirement types identified in the suggested TS are found to have both theoretical and empirical support with positive implications for research as well as practice.
Emerging drugs for insomnia: new frontiers for old and novel targets

Background: Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder, with up to 50% of the US adult population reporting symptoms of insomnia on a weekly basis and ∼ 12% with insomnia disorder. Comorbid conditions such as depression and anxiety are frequent. Insomnia is more common with older age, female gender and socioeconomic status. Traditionally, therapy has focused on GABAA receptor agonists, and off-label antidepressant and antihistamine use. Objective: With increased understanding of complex neural networks involved in sleep and wake, hypnotics are being developed to target a broader variety of receptors with increasing selectivity. This review summarizes promising compounds in Phase II and III trials with evidence supporting efficacy for treatment of insomnia. Methods: 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C antagonists, melatonergic (MT1/MT2) agonists, orexin receptor (OX1/OX2) antagonists, as well as GABAA receptor agonists are reviewed and summarized. Data are collected from PubMed and Pharmaprojects database searches, company websites, recent scientific meeting presentations and abstracts. Results/conclusions: A variety of drugs targeting several pathways, including GABAA agonism, MT1/MT2 agonism, 5-HT2A antagonism, OX1/OX2 antagonism and others, are in Phase II and III trials. More work should be done to understand the impact of these drugs in certain populations and in the context of comorbid conditions.
Targeting the programmed cell death-1 pathway in breast and ovarian cancer

Purpose of review Immune checkpoint blockade is changing cancer therapy. Targeting the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) pathway releases T cells from inhibitory signals within the tumor microenvironment, thereby activating a latent antitumor immune response. Here, we review the biology underlying the activity of PD-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antagonists, and data describing their clinical activity in breast and ovarian cancer. Recent findings Several antagonists of PD-1 and PD-L1 have been tested in breast and ovarian cancer. These drugs are generally well tolerated, with some immune-related adverse events that are typically easily managed. Objective response rates generally range from about 10 to 20% in both breast cancer and ovarian cancer, with durable responses noted in multiple trials. Selecting patients with PD-L1 expression by cells within the tumor microenvironment appears to enrich for responses. These agents are under accelerated development based on these promising early data. Summary Monoclonal antibody-based blockade of the PD-1 pathway results in objective and durable clinical responses in a subset of patients with breast or ovarian cancers, particularly those with PD-L1-positive cells within the tumor microenvironment. Current priorities are to refine biomarkers of therapeutic response, and to develop combination immunotherapy strategies that integrate PD-1/PD-L1 antagonists with both standard and immune-based cancer therapies to increase efficacy.
Application of Differential Transform Method to the Sine-Gordon Equation

In this paper, differential transform method (DTM) is applied to the sine-Gordon equation which arise in differential geometry, propagation of magnetic flux, stability of fluid motions, nonlinear physics and applied sciences. The method can easily be applied to many linear and non-linear problems and is capable of reducing the size of computational task. Exact solutions can also be achieved by the known forms of the series solutions. The numerical results reveal that differential transform method is efficient and accurate for sine-Gordon equation.
Fas ligand-Fas signaling participates in light-induced apoptotic death in photoreceptor cells.

PURPOSE We investigated the function of Fas in photoreceptors. METHODS Postmortem human eyes and mouse-derived photoreceptor cells (661W) were examined for Fas expression by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. 661W cells were treated with FasL or Fas agonistic antibody, or exposed to light with/without pharmacological manipulation of Fas signaling, followed by apoptosis detection by TUNEL, immunofluorescence and fluorescence activated cell scanning (FACS). Fractionated cellular extracts were used to detect protein expression or protein phosphorylation after immunoprecipitation by Western blot. RESULTS Fas was expressed in the photoreceptor layer of human retina. Fas and a cleaved form of FasL were found on the cell surface of 661W cells. Treatment with FasL or Fas agonistic antibody induced apoptosis in 661W cells. Blocking the activity of FasL or administration of caspase-8 inhibitor z-IETD inhibited light-induced apoptosis. However, it simultaneously caused induction of necroptosis, which could be blocked by the receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) inhibitor, necrostatin-1. Light exposure in the presence of z-IETD caused hyper-phosphorylation of RIP1. Light exposure did not elevate the expression of Fas, FasL, or the Fas-associated death domain adaptor protein (FADD). Cells or conditioned medium after light exposure induced apoptosis in dark-adapted cells, which could be attenuated by blockade of Fas. CONCLUSIONS Fas has a pro-apoptotic role in photoreceptors. Under light stress, soluble and membrane-bound FasL can bind to Fas, inducing apoptosis via a paracrine mechanism. Although blocking Fas signaling inhibits apoptosis, it does not improve the overall photoreceptor survival due to a compensatory activation of necroptosis. Hence, prevention of photoreceptor loss from retinal photo-oxidative stress should target Fas and RIP1.
The external globus pallidus: progress and perspectives

The external globus pallidus (GPe) of the basal ganglia is in a unique and powerful position to influence processing of motor information by virtue of its widespread projections to all basal ganglia nuclei. Despite the clinical importance of the GPe in common motor disorders such as Parkinson's disease, there is only limited information about its cellular composition and organizational principles. In this review, recent advances in the understanding of the diversity in the molecular profile, anatomy, physiology and corresponding behaviour during movement of GPe neurons are described. Importantly, this study attempts to build consensus and highlight commonalities of the cellular classification based on existing but contentious literature. Additionally, an analysis of the literature concerning the intricate reciprocal loops formed between the GPe and major synaptic partners, including both the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus, is provided. In conclusion, the GPe has emerged as a crucial node in the basal ganglia macrocircuit. While subtleties in the cellular makeup and synaptic connection of the GPe create new challenges, modern research tools have shown promise in untangling such complexity, and will provide better understanding of the roles of the GPe in encoding movements and their associated pathologies.
Are Your Values Mine? Exploring the Influence of Value Congruence on Responses to Organizational Change in a Division I Intercollegiate Athletics Department

Only recently have scholars begun to focus on individual difference factors which can affect responses to organizational change. One individual difference factor neglected by previous research that may have an influence on responses to change is value congruence, or the similarity of values between the individual and the organization. Within the business and sport management fields, there have been few studies that have examined value congruence and organizational change, and none within the intercollegiate athletics context. Therefore, the current research was undertaken to explore the influence of value congruence on employee and student-athlete responses to organizational change in an NCAA Football Championship Subdivision intercollegiate athletic department. Findings revealed that individuals holding benevolence (concern for welfare of close others) values congruent with the organizational value orientation were more accepting of change than individuals holding achievement (obtaining resources for sur.
Hemilaminectomy for thoracolumbar Hansen Type I intervertebral disk disease in ambulatory dogs with or without neurologic deficits: 39 cases (2008-2010).

OBJECTIVE To describe prognostic factors, outcome, and time to recovery among ambulatory dogs having hemilaminectomy for Hansen Type I intervertebral disk disease. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS Dogs (n = 38; 39 hemilaminectomies). METHODS Medical records (January 2008-May 2010) on all dogs that had hemilaminectomy for Hansen Type I intervertebral disk disease were reviewed. Records for dogs that were ambulatory preoperatively were analyzed for signalment, duration and severity of signs, presence of neurologic deficits, and postoperative outcome. Dogs were categorized based on Frankel score and subcategorized by their level of conscious proprioceptive (CP) deficit. Postoperatively, time to ambulation and to regain normal CP responses was recorded. Results for each group were compared using a χ(2) test and considered significant when P < . 05. Recovery times were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Seven dogs were categorized as modified Frankel grade I preoperatively and 32 dogs as grade II with varying levels of deficits (1 of these dogs had previously been operated as grade II and was reoperated again as grade II). Increasing degree of CP deficit preoperatively was significantly correlated with longer time to ambulation (P = .005) as well as longer time to CP normal (P = .01). Duration of signs was not significantly correlated with time to ambulation or neurologic recovery for either grade I or II dogs. CONCLUSIONS Most dogs recovered well with surgical decompression. Increasing degree of deficits preoperatively is significantly correlated with longer recovery time.