Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pseudophosphorylation and Glycation of Tau Protein Enhance but Do Not Trigger Fibrillization in Vitro*

Alzheimer's disease is defined in part by the intraneuronal aggregation of tau protein into filamentous lesions. The pathway is accompanied by posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation and glycation, each of which has been shown to promote tau fibrillization in vitro when present at high stoichiometry. To clarify the site-specific impact of posttranslational modification on tau fibrillization, the ability of recombinant full-length four repeat tau protein (htau40) and 11 pseudophosphorylation mutants to fibrillize in the presence of anionic inducer was assayed in vitro using transmission electron microscopy and laser light scattering assays. Tau glycated with d-glucose was examined as well. Both glycated tau and pseudophosphorylation mutants S199E, T212E, S214E, double mutant T212E/S214E, and triple mutant S199E/S202E/T205E yielded increased filament mass at equilibrium relative to wild-type tau. Increases in filament mass correlated strongly with decreases in critical concentration, indicating that both pseudophosphorylation and glycation promoted fibrillization by shifting equilibrium toward the fibrillized state. Analysis of reaction time courses further revealed that increases in filament mass were not associated with reduced lag times, indicating that these posttranslational modifications did not promote filament nucleation. The results suggest that site-specific posttranslational modifications can stabilize filaments once they nucleate, and thereby support their accumulation at low intracellular tau concentrations.
An empirical evaluation of school-based prevention programs that involve parents

The purpose of this review article is to provide education professionals with an overview of the current state of research in the area of school-based prevention programs that involve parents in project objectives and methods. Prevention programs utilizing home-school collaborative efforts cited within the literature were reviewed in the context of criteria espoused as demonstrating empirical support (Chambless et al., 1998; Lonigan, Elbert, & Bennett Johnson, 1998). To examine the state of the literature, 20 school-based prevention programs that involved parents and were published between 1989 and 2001 were reviewed. Characteristics related to best practices in home–school collaboration (Christenson, Rounds, & Franklin, 1992). Parent involvement and methodological rigor are examined. A brief review of programs meeting “well-established” and “probably efficacious” criteria are presented and discussed within the context of future research and practice related to meaningfully involving parents in school-based prevention programs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 641–656, 2003.
Violence-Related Behaviors Among Dominican Adolescents: Examining the Influence of Alcohol and Marijuana Use

ABSTRACT This study identified the predictors of youth violence and violent victimization among a sample of Dominican adolescents (N = 155) attending high school in a northeastern urban community. As part of a broader community-based needs assessment, students participated in an evaluation of a substance abuse prevention program funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Correlations, principal components, multiple imputation, and stepwise regression analyses were systematically employed to develop a parsimonious model for predicting violence-related behaviors among Dominican youth. Findings suggest that early onset of alcohol and marijuana use was associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in violence-related behaviors or being the victim of a violent act. In addition, students who reported a lowered sense of safety were more likely to be involved in acts of violence. However, adolescents who reported depressive symptoms were less inclined to become involved in violence-related behaviors. Implications for culturally-tailored violence and substance abuse prevention programming efforts are discussed.
Job Satisfaction, Expectations, and Gender: Beyond the European Union

Purpose - Do gender differences in expected rewards contribute to gender differences in job satisfaction? Design/methodology/approach - This paper utilizes data collected from over 9,400 employees in five economically and culturally diverse former socialist economies, first, to determine whether there are gender differences in desired and expected rewards, and second, to assess whether the link between job satisfaction and expected reward varies by gender or reward desirability. Findings - This paper finds that for women, job satisfaction is positively linked to both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards, but for men, job satisfaction tends to be positively linked to extrinsic rewards. When reward desirability is included, more often for women than for men, non-monetary rewards are positively linked to job satisfaction regardless of whether they are viewed as desirable. Among men, the link between job satisfaction and a particular reward tends to be stronger if the reward is desired, although for job security this result holds for women as well. While own earnings tend to be positively linked to job satisfaction, comparison earnings are not statistically significant among most groups of respondents. Finally, we find that the magnitude of the estimated partial effect of increasing the expectation of receiving a particular reward tends to be greater for men than for women. Research limitations/implications - By focussing on gender difference results that are common across these five diverse countries, we are able to add information that will prove useful in developing a more global perspective of factors influencing job satisfaction and worker performance. Originality/value - This paper identifies gender differences in desired and expected rewards, both intrinsic and extrinsic, enabling us to more systematically explore gender differences in the link between job satisfaction, expectations, and reward desirability. Because our data come from employees in over 600 workplaces, we are able to control for an extensive number of worker, job, and workplace characteristics, which allows us to investigate in more detail, not only our primary objective – gender differences in the link between job satisfaction and expected rewards – but also several related topics: the proposition that women generally have lower workplace expectations, the link between job satisfaction and comparison earnings, for example.
Intentional and Incidental Self-Control in Ventrolateral PFC

The ability to exert self-control over one’s thoughts and behaviors is crucial to successfully navigating the real world in a variety of domains, such as motor control (remaining in your seat during a boring lecture instead of jumping up and running outside), control over risky behavior (taking a sure option so as not to risk losing money), control over immediate temptation (choosing to delay a payment so as to receive a larger one at a later date), and emotional control (remaining composed and suppressing the desire to yell at someone who angered you). Each of these examples requires different actions to successfully exert control over the more desirable yet detrimental action. There are multiple clinical disorders that are related to impairments in control such as ADHD, substance abuse, and pathological gambling. Given the serious problems that may occur if one has difficulty exerting behavioral or affective self-control, it is critical to understand the mechanisms behind successful self-control and how they are changed when self-control ability is impaired. As can be noted by the above examples, self-control is a broad concept that has been defined in many different manners. A good, general definition is that self-control is “the overriding or inhibiting of automatic, habitual, or innate behaviors, urges, emotions, or desires that would otherwise interfere with goal directed behavior” (Muraven et al., 2006). As is noted from this definition, many different methods can be used to study self-control, ranging from inhibiting a motor response to regulating an emotion to suppressing the temptation to eat sweets. In addition to these explicit, intentional forms of self-control, it is possible to exert control without an explicit goal to do so (i.e., automatically or incidentally) given the right situation. For example, in priming paradigms participants are not explicitly aware that they saw a prime, but the implicit encoding of primes can cause incidental behavioral control. Additionally, it is possible to implicitly or incidentally regulate an affective response without awareness (for a review, see Berkman & Lieberman, 2009). It has been asserted that self-control ability may be like a muscle: it is a limited resource that can be fatigued with use, or trained to increase stamina (Muraven, 2010; Muraven & Baumeister, 2000; Muraven et al., 1999). Evidence for this assertion can be found in studies in which participants were required to first exert self-control in one domain, and then subsequently exert self-control in a different domain. The domains used were quite varied and included motor control (the stop-signal paradigm or squeezing a handgrip), controlling one’s temptation to eat sweets or drink alcohol, and emotional control. It was consistently found that participants who were required to exert control two times in a row were worse on the second control task than were those who performed a difficult task that did not require self-control as their first task (such as solving mathematical problems or typing a paragraph quickly
Growth curves in Down syndrome with congenital heart disease.

INTRODUCTION To assess dietary habits, nutritional status and food frequency in children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) and congenital heart disease (CHD). Additionally, we attempted to compare body mass index (BMI) classifications according to the World Health Organization (WHO) curves and curves developed for individuals with DS. METHOD Cross-sectional study including individuals with DS and CHD treated at a referral center for cardiology, aged 2 to 18 years. Weight, height, BMI, total energy and food frequency were measured. Nutritional status was assessed using BMI for age and gender, using curves for evaluation of patients with DS and those set by the WHO. RESULTS 68 subjects with DS and CHD were evaluated. Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) was the most common heart disease (52.9%). There were differences in BMI classification between the curves proposed for patients with DS and those proposed by the WHO. There was an association between consumption of vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids. CONCLUSION Results showed that individuals with DS are mostly considered normal weight for age, when evaluated using specific curves for DS. Reviews on specific curves for DS would be the recommended practice for health professionals so as to avoid precipitated diagnosis of overweight and/or obesity in this population.
The characteristics of sexual behavior and extent of condom usage among sexually active Croatians from Eastern Croatia.

OBJECTIVE To determine the extent of condom usage as a method of protection from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among sexually active individuals obliged to present for periodical health examination at the Institute of Public Health for the Osijek-Baranya County, in Osijek, eastern Croatia. MATERIAL AND METHODS During February 2004, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted. The research tool was an unidentified 20-item questionnaire addressing the sexual behavior of study subjects and their partners and methods of protection from STIs. Descriptive statistics and χ(2) - test were used for data analysis. RESULTS The response rate was 84.2% (278/330). A total of 278 subjects, 96 (34.5%) males and 182 (65.5%) females, 167 (60.1%) married and 111 (39.9%) single, mean age 31.3±8.4, age range 18-52 years were enrolled in the study. Study results revealed 22.3% (62/278) subjects to have had two or more sexual partners over the one-year period and the use of condom was reported by 40.3% (25/62) of those subjects. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results point to the need for additional education on protection from sexually transmitted infections and on risky sexual behavior, with special reference to the role of condom usage in the prevention of these diseases and their detrimental effects on the reproductive health of sexually active individuals.
Public Reason and International Friendship

In The Law of Peoples, John Rawls offers an idea of international public reason that governs the relationship between liberal and decent peoples. This article begins by considering the relationship between liberal peoples and the form of public reason that they would deem acceptable. It ultimately argues that there is an international public reason that is common to minimally just states that is different from what would be found in the law of peoples. The applicability and content of this version of international public reason is governed by the possibility of states associating with one another in what I call an international friendship. Minimally just states would accept the importance of reasons for being attentive to how their actions can affect the just arrangements of other minimally just states. The reason of international friendship presents the possibility of competing international publics with their own form of reason.
Exploiting Discourse Relations for Sentiment Analysis

The overall sentiment of a text is critically affected by its discourse structure . By splitting a text into text spans with different discourse relations, we automatically train the weig hts of different relations in accordance with their importance, and then make use of disco urse structure knowledge to improve sentiment classification. In this paper, we utilize explicit connectives to predict discourse relations, and then propose several methods to incorporate discourse relation knowledge to the task of sentiment analysis. All our methods integrating discourse relations perform better than the baseline methods, validating the effectiveness of us ing discourse relations in Chinese sentiment analysis. We also automatically find out the most influential discourse relations and connectives in sentiment analysis.
The ecology of language in classrooms at a university in eastern Ukraine

Using an ecology of language framework, the purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which English as a medium of instruction (EMI) at a private university in eastern Ukraine allows for the use of Ukrainian, the state language, or Russian, the predominantly spoken language, in large cities in eastern Ukraine. Uses of English and Russian or Ukrainian were documented over nine months in the form of ethnographic field notes, audio recording, and video recording. Semi-structured interviews and informal conversations captured student and teacher attitudes towards English and Russian or Ukrainian use. Similar to practices in observed English as a foreign language classes at the same university, the authors found multiple pedagogical purposes for using the predominant native language (L1), Russian. Teachers and students consider the use of the L1 in the classroom to be a natural function of the need for comprehension. Ukrainian appeared in a limited form, but in ways that indexed its position as a national language. Attitudes towards Ukrainian also supported the ideology of Ukrainian's position as a state language.
Good Fences Make Good Neighbours? A Comparison of Conflict-Regulation Strategies in Postwar Bosnia

This article compares the effectiveness of the consociational and the integrative approach in fostering stability in postwar Bosnia. Whereas the ethnic groups in Lijphart’s consociational model constitute the basic units on which the political structure is built, the political structure in Horowitz’s integrative model transcends ethnic divisions. The Dayton Agreement that ended the war in Bosnia contains elements of both approaches, and the balance between them has been changing in the course of its implementation. Bosnia constitutes a very suitable case for a comparison of the effect on stability of the two approaches: elements of each approach can be isolated and their effects compared, and the interplay between the approaches and the effect of international involvement can also be analysed. An international dimension and the phase of (de)escalation of the conflict are variables missing from both approaches, but it is important to include them when analysing a postwar situation. Owing to the deep divisions in the population, the numerical balance between the groups and the maximalist objectives of the dominant parties, the consociational model has been more effective in fostering stability in Bosnia. Currently, a change to an integrative structure seems premature, but a mix of the approaches has been demonstrated to be able to foster moderation.
Effects of flunixin meglumine or etodolac treatment on mucosal recovery of equine jejunum after ischemia.

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of flunixin meglumine and etodolac treatment on recovery of ischemic-injured equine jejunal mucosa after 18 hours of reperfusion. ANIMALS 24 horses. PROCEDURE Jejunum was exposed to 2 hours of ischemia during anesthesia. Horses received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (12 mL, i.v., q 12 h), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, i.v., q 12 h), or etodolac (23 mg/kg, i.v., q 12 h). Tissue specimens were obtained from ischemic-injured and nonischemic jejunum immediately after ischemia and 18 hours after recovery from ischemia. Transepithelial electric resistance (TER) and transepithelial flux of tritium-labeled mannitol measured mucosal permeability. Denuded villous surface area and mean epithelial neutrophil count per mm2 were calculated. Western blot analysis for cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 was performed. Pharmacokinetics of flunixin and etodolac and eicosanoid concentrations were determined. RESULTS Ischemic-injured tissue from horses treated with flunixin and etodolac had significantly lower TER and increased permeability to mannitol, compared with that from horses treated with saline solution. Epithelial denudation after ischemia and 18 hours after recovery was not significantly different among treatments. Both COX-1 and -2 were expressed in ischemic-injured and nonischemic tissues. Ischemia caused significant upregulation of both COX isoforms. Eicosanoid concentrations were significantly lower in tissues from flunixin and etodolac-treated horses, compared with that from horses treated with saline solution. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Flunixin and etodolac treatment retarded recovery of intestinal barrier function in jejunal mucosa after 18 hours of reperfusion, whereas tissues from horses treated with saline solution recovered baseline values of TER and permeability to mannitol.
The Collaborative Consultation Model

Collaborative consultation is an interactive process that enables people with diverse expertise to generate creative solutions to mutually defined problems. The outcome is enhanced, altered, and produces solutions that are different from those that the individual team members would produce independently. The major outcome of collaborative consultation is to provide comprehensive and effective programs for students with special needs within the most appropriate context, thereby enabling them to achieve maximum constructive interaction with their nonhandicapped peers.
Identifying malicious web domains using machine learning techniques with online credibility and performance data

Malicious web domains represent a big threat to web users' privacy and security. With so much freely available data on the Internet about web domains' popularity and performance, this study investigated the performance of well-known machine learning techniques used in conjunction with this type of online data to identify malicious web domains. Two datasets consisting of malware and phishing domains were collected to build and evaluate the machine learning classifiers. Five single classifiers and four ensemble classifiers were applied to distinguish malicious domains from benign ones. In addition, a binary particle swarm optimisation (BPSO) based feature selection method was used to improve the performance of single classifiers. Experimental results show that, based on the web domains' popularity and performance data features, the examined machine learning techniques can accurately identify malicious domains in different ways. Furthermore, the BPSO-based feature selection procedure is shown to be an effective way to improve the performance of classifiers.
Language choice and language policies in Filipino-Malaysian families in multilingual Malaysia

Abstract Personal, social, cultural, economic, and political factors influence the language/s used by family members in the home domain. This study examines how family language policies are planned and developed in Filipino-Malaysian families in Malaysia. The language used at home in such mixed or exogamous marriages is also influenced by the ethnicity of the Malaysian spouse. Exposure outside the home domain where people speak at least two languages also affects language choice and use. An ethnographic method which includes multiple interviews, participants' narratives and observations were used in gathering the data. Thirty Filipino-Malaysian families were the subjects of this study. Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) is used as the theoretical framework to explain the occurrence of language choice in the home domain and the creation of family language policy. CAT shows how families accommodate each other's language as they seek a lingua franca that binds the family together. The findings of the study would explain the complex phenomenon involved in language choice and the creation of family language policy of Filipino-Malaysian families.
Does Habitus Matter? A Comparative Review of Bourdieu's Habitus and Simon's Bounded Rationality with Some Implications for Economic Sociology*

In this article, I revisit Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus and contrast it with Herbert Simon's notion of bounded rationality. Through a discussion of the literature of economic sociology on status and Fligstein's political-cultural approach, I argue that this concept can be a source of fresh insights into empirical problems. I find that the greater the change in the social environment, the more salient the benefits of using habitus as a tool to analyze agents' behavior.
Altruism is a primary impulse, not a discipline

Intertemporal bargaining theory based on the hyperbolic discounting of expected rewards accounts for how choosing in categories increases self-control, without postulating, as Rachlin does, the additional rewardingness of patterns per se. However, altruism does not seem to be based on self-control, but on the primary rewardingness of vicarious experience. We describe a mechanism that integrates vicarious experience with other goods of limited availability.