Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Within-Person Examination of Correlates of Performance and Emotions While Working

In this article, we propose and test within-person hypotheses about real-time correlates of momentary performance and emotions while working. Experience sampling methodology was used to prompt repeated reports of momentary task cognitions and emotions. Hypotheses were largely supported, with task difficulty, skill, interest, and effort predicting momentary perceived performance within person. Task interest had an effect on performance beyond that due to its contribution to effort. Skill, interest, effort, and performance predicted concurrent emotions. The effect of effort on positive emotions was fully mediated through performance, whereas interest had an effect on emotions beyond performance. The effects of skill and effort on emotions changed sign when performance was controlled, suggesting that it is unpleasant to be skilled or exert effort when performance does not improve commensurately. Perceived performance accounts for unique variance in emotions beyond that due to other predictors. Further within-person research on real-time motivation, performance, and emotions is encouraged.
Modified Minimal Incision Subcapital Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus Correction

The potential advantages of minimal incision surgery for hallux valgus (HV) correction are the following: reduced surgical exposure, diminished soft-tissue stripping, and less blood supply impairment. These advantages imply fewer complications. We retrospectively reviewed patients who were consecutively treated with a modified minimally invasive osteotomy from January 2006 until December 2009 for HV deformity. We radiographically assessed the HV angle, 1-2 intermetatarsal (IM) angle, and tibial sesamoid position. Clinical outcomes were determined using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal Interphalangeal (AOFAS HMI) Clinical Rating Scale. A paired Student’s t test was used to determine significance, with P < . 01. There were 126 patients (146 feet) with an average age of 52.6 years and an average postoperative follow-up of 29.1 months. Preoperatively, the average HV angle was 32.3°, and postoperatively, it was 4.5° (P < .01). The preoperative average IM angle was 14.4°, whereas postoperatively, it was 4.8° (P < .01). The average tibial sesamoid position was 6.3 preoperatively and 2.5 postoperatively (P < .01). The average AOFAS HMI score was 54.6 preoperatively and 85.3 postoperatively (P < .01). There were 15 postoperative complications (10.3%) that included hallux varus, painful hardware, and delayed union. The results are comparable with those of traditional open techniques, with the additional advantages of a minimally invasive procedure. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Retrospective case series
Neuronal Diversity and Temporal Dynamics: The Unity of Hippocampal Circuit Operations

In the cerebral cortex, diverse types of neurons form intricate circuits and cooperate in time for the processing and storage of information. Recent advances reveal a spatiotemporal division of labor in cortical circuits, as exemplified in the CA1 hippocampal area. In particular, distinct GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric acid–releasing) cell types subdivide the surface of pyramidal cells and act in discrete time windows, either on the same or on different subcellular compartments. They also interact with glutamatergic pyramidal cell inputs in a domain-specific manner and support synaptic temporal dynamics, network oscillations, selection of cell assemblies, and the implementation of brain states. The spatiotemporal specializations in cortical circuits reveal that cellular diversity and temporal dynamics coemerged during evolution, providing a basis for cognitive behavior.
An In Vivo Cytotoxicity Threshold for Influenza A Virus-Specific Effector and Memory CD8+ T Cells1

Influenza A virus infection of C57BL/6 (B6) mice is characterized by prominent CD8+ T cell responses to H2Db complexed with peptides from the viral nucleoprotein (NP366, ASNENMETM) and acid polymerase (PA224, SSLENFRAYV). An in vivo cytotoxicity assay that depends on the adoptive transfer of peptide-pulsed, syngeneic targets was used in this study to quantitate the cytotoxic potential of DbNP366- and DbPA224-specific acute and memory CD8+ T cells following primary or secondary virus challenge. Both T cell populations displayed equivalent levels of in vivo effector function when comparable numbers were transferred into naive B6 hosts. Cytotoxic activity following primary infection clearly correlated with the frequency of tetramer-stained CD8+ T cells. This relationship looked, however, to be less direct following secondary exposure, partly because the numbers of CD8+DbNP366+ T cells were greatly in excess. However, calculating the in vivo E:T ratios indicated that in vivo lysis, like many other biological functions, is threshold dependent. Furthermore, the capacity to eliminate peptide-pulsed targets was independent of the differentiation state (i.e., primary or secondary effectors) and was comparable for the two T cell specificities that were analyzed. These experiments provide insights that may be of value for adoptive immunotherapy, where careful consideration of both the activation state and the number of effector cells is required.
Do Firms Endowed with Greater Strategic Capability Earn Higher Profits?

Firms with different management teams evidence different strategic capabilities. Some are able to reason through the reactions of their competitors, whereas others are less sophisticated in their thinking. In such cases, conventional wisdom suggests that the strategic firms will undercut their less sophisticated competitors’ prices and earn greater profits. The authors show that, under certain conditions, the strategic firms charge higher prices and accrue smaller equilibrium profits than their nonstrategic counterparts. Strategic firms’ efforts to capitalize on their loyal customers’ higher willingness to pay increases nonstrategic firms’ share of price-sensitive consumers. Furthermore, by raising prices, strategic firms help their nonstrategic counterparts more than themselves. This outcome arises when the proportion of consumers loyal to each firm is sufficiently large. A laboratory test for the main proposition's predictive accuracy provides empirical support.
A subadditivity property of multiplier ideals.

Let X be a smooth complex quasi-projective variety, and let D be an effective Q-divisor on X. One can associate to D its multiplier ideal sheaf J (D) = J (X,D) ⊆ OX , whose zeroes are supported on the locus at which the pair (X,D) fails to have log-terminal singularities. It is useful to think of J (D) as reflecting in a somewhat subtle way the singularities of D: the “worse” the singularities, the smaller the ideal. These ideals and their variants have come to play an increasingly important role in higher dimensional geometry, largely because of their strong vanishing properties. Among the papers in which they figure prominently, we might mention for instance [30], [4], [33], [2], [13], [34], [19], [14] and [8]. See [6] for a survey.
TAKING THE PAPER OUT OF NEWS

Using in-depth interviews, newsroom observation, and internal documents, this case study presents and analyses changes that have taken place at Finnish financial daily Taloussanomat since it stopped printing on 28 December 2007 to focus exclusively on digital delivery via the Web, email, and mobile. It reveals the savings that can be achieved when a newspaper no longer prints and distributes a physical product; but also the revenue lost from subscriptions and print advertising. The consequences of a newspaper's decision to go online-only are examined as they relate to its business model, website traffic, and editorial practice. The findings illustrate the extent to which the medium rather than the content it carries determines news consumption patterns, show the differing attention a newspaper and its online substitute command, and reveal the changes to working patterns journalists can expect in the online-only environment.
Docetaxel-titanate nanotubes enhance radiosensitivity in an androgen-independent prostate cancer model

Around 40% of high-risk prostate cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy (RT) will experience biochemical failure. Chemotherapy, such as docetaxel (DTX), can enhance the efficacy of RT. Multidrug resistance mechanisms often limit drug efficacy by decreasing intracellular concentrations of drugs in tumor cells. It is, therefore, of interest to develop nanocarriers of DTX to maintain the drug inside cancer cells and thus improve treatment efficacy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of titanate nanotubes (TiONts) to develop a TiONts-DTX nanocarrier and to evaluate its radiosensitizing in vivo efficacy in a prostate cancer model. In vitro cytotoxic activity of TiONts-DTX was evaluated using an MTS assay. The biodistribution of TiONts-DTX was analyzed in vivo by single-photon emission computed tomography. The benefit of TiONts-DTX associated with RT was evaluated in vivo. Eight groups with seven mice in each were used to evaluate the efficacy of the nanohybrid combined with RT: control with buffer IT injection ± RT, free DXL ± RT, TiONts ± RT and TiONts-DXL ± RT. Mouse behavior, health status and tumor volume were monitored twice a week until the tumor volume reached a maximum of 2,000 mm3. More than 70% of nanohybrids were localized inside the tumor 96 h after administration. Tumor growth was significantly slowed by TiONts-DTX associated with RT, compared with free DTX in the same conditions (P=0.013). These results suggest that TiONts-DTX improved RT efficacy and might enhance local control in high-risk localized prostate cancer.
Locating Scientific Citizenship: The Institutional Contexts and Cultures of Public Engagement

In this article, we explore the institutional negotiation of public engagement in matters of science and technology. We take the example of the Science in Society dialogue program initiated by the UK’s Royal Society, but set this case within the wider experience of the public engagement activities of a range of charities, corporations, governmental departments, and scientific institutions. The novelty of the analysis lies in the linking of an account of the dialogue event and its outcomes to the values, practices, and imperatives—the institutional rationality—of the commissioning organization. We argue that the often tacit institutional construction of scientific citizenship is a critical, and relatively undeveloped, element of analysis—one that offers considerable insight into the practice and democratic implications of engaging publics in science and science policy. We also present evidence indicating that over time the expanding ‘‘capacities’’ associated with dialogue can act in subtle ways to enroll other elements of institutional architectures into more reflexive modes of thinking and acting. In the concluding section of the article, we consider the ways in which research and practice could (and we believe should) engage more squarely with facets of institutional context and culture.
Direct observation of deep excitonic states in the photoluminescence spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Low-energy, dark excitonic states have recently been predicted to lie below the first bright (E11) exciton in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 157402 (2004)10.1103/PhysRevLett.93. 157402]. Decay into such deep excitonic states is implicated as a mechanism which reduces photoluminescence quantum yields. In this study we report the first direct observation of deep excitons in SWNTs. Photoluminescence (PL) microscopy of suspended semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) reveals weak emission satellites redshifted by approximately 38-45 and approximately 100-130 meV relative to the main E11 PL emission peaks. Similar satellites, redshifted by 95-145 meV depending on nanotube species, were also found in PL measurements of ensembles of SWNTs in water-surfactant dispersions. The relative intensities of these deep exciton emission features depend on the nanotube surroundings.
Comparison of Self-Beliefs for Predicting Student Motivation and Achievement

ABSTRACT The authors examined whether self-concept, self-efficacy, and self-esteem show differential predictive utility for academic achievement across age groups and domains. More specifically, the relationships of 3 self-constructs with achievement were examined in mathematics for elementary school students and mathematics and language arts for middle school students in Korea. Task value and test anxiety were hypothesized to mediate these relationships. Consistent with previous reports, domain-specific self-constructs such as self-efficacy and self-concept were better predictors of task value and achievement than was general self-esteem. Task value and test anxiety significantly mediated only the relationships of self-efficacy assessed by the Bandura-type scale to achievement. These domain-specific relationships tended to be stronger for middle school than elementary school students and in mathematics than language arts.
A novel hybrid-network intrusion detection system (H-NIDS) in cloud computing

To detect and prevent network intrusions in Cloud computing environment, we propose a novel security framework hybrid-network intrusion detection system (H-NIDS). We use different classifiers (Bayesian, Associative and Decision tree) and Snort to implement this framework. This framework aims to detect network attacks in Cloud by monitoring network traffic, while ensuring performance and service quality. We evaluate the performance and detection efficiency of H-NIDS for ensuring its feasibility in Cloud. The results show that the proposed framework has higher detection rate and low false positives at an affordable computational cost.
Early Literacy Screening in Kindergarten: Widespread Implementation in Virginia

Early success in reading is predicated on a child's ability to accurately and effectively master core literacy constructs (e.g., phonological awareness, alphabet knowledge, concept of word, and grapheme-phoneme correspondence) and to exercise these understandings in a comfortable sociocultural context. In recent years, educators, legislators, and policymakers have shown great interest in creating an effective and instructionally useful diagnostic screening tool for identifying children at risk for early reading difficulties. In response to this charge, the Phonological Awareness and Literacy Screening-Kindergarten (PALS-K) was developed. Through Fall 2003, more than 430,000 kindergarten students in Virginia had been screened using PALS-K. The purposes of this paper are to (a) describe the PALS-K instrument, (b) examine its effectiveness in screening for poor beginning literacy skills, and (c) discuss the educational and policy implications of the results of statewide literacy screening efforts.
Privacy Functions and Wilderness Recreation: Use Density and Length of Stay Effects on Experience

Abstract Privacy and its functions are desirable attributes of the human experience in wilderness areas, where outstanding opportunities for solitude is legally mandated. Privacy, the ability to choose how and when to interact and exchange information with other people, enhances opportunities for both personal growth and interaction with the wilderness environment. This study assessed the effect of use level and length of stay on the degree to which privacy and its functions were experienced on wilderness trips. Factor analysis identified one privacy experience factor and two privacy function factors, release, and personal growth. Compared to more heavily used trails, hikers on less congested trails experienced more privacy—being significantly more likely to experience “solitude,” being “away from crowds of people,” and “feeling isolated. ” But there was no difference related to use level in achieving the beneficial functions of privacy. Hikers on longer trips experienced both more privacy and more of the .
Adolescent Friendship Pairs

A total of 1,159 high school students (Grades 10 through 12) responded to a questionnaire designed to assess best friends' similarities in identity status (EOM-EIS) and related behaviors, attitudes, and intentions. Mutually identified best friends, nonmutually identified bestfriends, and randomly paired nonfriends (each n = 198 pairs) were identified to test hypotheses concerning friendship similarities. Tests of similarity indicated that mutually indentified best.friends shared distinct similarities in ego identity. Similarity indicators were greater for measures ot 'ego identity in specific content areas than for the global identity status levels or the interpersonal and ideological domains. In addition, mutually identified best friends were more similar than were nonffriends on many behaviors, attitudes, and intentions that were expected to be related to ego identity. Results replicate those of'existing investigations of friendship attitude and behavioral characteristics and extend friendship similarities into psychosocial contexts.
The Fat Compartments of the Face: Anatomy and Clinical Implications for Cosmetic Surgery

Background: Observation suggests that the subcutaneous fat of the face is partitioned as distinct anatomical compartments. Methods: Thirty hemifacial cadaver dissections were performed after methylene blue had been injected into specified regions. Initial work focused on the nasolabial fat. Dye was allowed to set for a minimum of 24 hours to achieve consistent diffusion. Dissection was performed in the cadaver laboratory using microscopic and loupe magnification. Results: The subcutaneous fat of the face is partitioned into multiple, independent anatomical compartments. The nasolabial fold is a discrete unit with distinct anatomical boundaries. What has been referred to as malar fat is composed of three separate compartments: medial, middle, and lateral temporal-cheek fat. The forehead is similarly composed of three anatomical units including central, middle, and lateral temporal-cheek fat. Orbital fat is noted in three compartments determined by septal borders. Jowl fat is the most inferior of the subcutaneous fat compartments. Some of the structures referred to as “retaining ligaments” are formed simply by fusion points of abutting septal barriers of these compartments. Conclusions: The subcutaneous fat of the face is partitioned into discrete anatomic compartments. Facial aging is, in part, characterized by how these compartments change with age. The concept of separate compartments of fat suggests that the face does not age as a confluent or composite mass. Shearing between adjacent compartments may be an additional factor in the etiology of soft-tissue malposition. Knowledge of this anatomy will lead to better understanding and greater precision in the preoperative analysis and surgical treatment of the aging face.
Retirement as a Life Crisis: Myth or Reality? A Review

Summary The literature on retirement has herein been examined with particular emphasis on whether the negative retirement stereotype is myth or reality. There appears to be very little hard data to support the stereotype. On the whole recent studies seem to indicate that people do quite well physically, mentally and socially after retirement and that the negative stereotype is indeed a myth. However, there is a definite need for much closer attention to experimental detail in future studies if the stereotype is to be unequivocally refuted. Moreover, there appear to be factors such as health, income, socioeconomic status, and personality structure which can predispose individuals to less fortunate retirement outcomes. Further research delineating these higher risk groups is needed before relevant intervention programs can be developed.
Structural Evolution of the Tuzgölü Basin in Central Anatolia, Turkey

The Central Anatolian segment of the Alpine‐Himalayan orogen contains “interior” basins, the largest of which is the Tuzgölü (Salt Lake) basin (>20,000 km2). It is bounded on the east by the Tuzgölü (Salt Lake) fault zone and on the west by the Yeniceoba and Cihanbeyli fault zones. Structural, stratigraphic, and sedimentologic evidence suggests that the Tuzgölü basin started as a fault‐controlled basin during late Maastrichtian tectonism when the present‐day northwest‐trending faults that bound the basin were initiated. These faults may have been formed as normal faults suggesting extension or strike‐slip faults with a normal component of movement indicating a large transtension at the time of their initiation. The late Maastrichtian faults were reactivated as strike‐slip faults in response to late Eocene compression in the region that produced the Central Anatolian thrust belt to the north and the late Eocene south‐dipping thrust faults of the Ulukişla basin to the south. This reactivation is suggested by structurally repeated and missing Paleocene‐Eocene deposits in some of the basin's wildcat wells. The late Eocene regression in the Tuzgölü basin was caused by the combined effects of Eocene shortening and a large environmental change. Late Eocene evaporites suggest that the basin was dry before the start of the Neotectonic period, while during the Neotectonic itself the Tuzgölü fault zone was reactivated again, predominantly as a normal fault with a right‐lateral strike‐slip component. This is evidenced by (1) a major unconformity between the post‐Eocene Koçhisar Formation of the Tuzgölü basin and the underlying Eocene rock units; (2) a well‐developed rollover anticline observed on seismic reflection profiles; and (3) a right‐step along the Tuzgölü fault zone seen in the field.
Single-phase liquid friction factors in microchannels ✩

The validity of friction factor theory based upon conventional sized passages for microchannel flows is still an active area of research. Several researchers have reported significant deviation from predicted values, while others have reported general agreement. The discrepancies in literature need to be addressed in order to generate a set of design equations to predict the pressure drop occurring in microchannel flow devices. The available literature on single-phase liquid friction factors in microchannels is reviewed. A database is generated to critically evaluate the experimental data available in the literature. An in-depth comparison of previous experimental data is performed to identify the discrepancies in reported literature. It is concluded that the conventional Stokes and Poiseuille flow theories apply for single-phase liquid flow in microchannel flows. New experimental data is presented and the pressure drop components are carefully analyzed. The developed procedure properly identifies the components of total pressure drop that allow for improved agreement with conventional theory. © 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.