Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the evolution of eccentric and inclined protoplanets embedded in protoplanetary disks

Context. Young planets embedded in their protoplanetary disk interact gravitationally with it leading to energy and angular momentum exchange. This interaction determines the evolution of the planet through changes to the orbital parameters. Aims. We investigate changes in the orbital elements of a 20 Earth-mass planet due to the torques from the disk. We focus on the non-linear evolution of initially non-vanishing eccentricity, e ,a nd/or inclination, i. Methods. We treat the disk as a two- or three-dimensional viscous fluid and perform hydrodynamical simulations using finite difference methods. The planetary orbit is updated according to the gravitational torque exerted by the disk. We monitor the time evolution of the orbital elements of the planet. Results. We find rapid exponential decay of the planet orbital eccentricity and inclination for small initial values of e and i, in agreement with linear theory. For larger values of e > 0.1 the decay time increases and the decay rate scales as u e ∝ e −2 , consistent with existing theoretical models. For large inclinations (i > 6 ◦ ) the inclination decay rate shows an identical scaling di/dt ∝ i −2 . W e fi nd an interesting dependence of the migration on the eccentricity. In a disk with aspect ratio H/r = 0.05 the migration rate is enhanced for small non-zero eccentricities (e < 0.1), while for larger values we see a significant reduction by a factor of ∼4. We find no indication for a reversal of the migration for large e, although the torque experienced by the planet becomes positive when e � 0.3. This inward migration is caused by the persisting energy loss of the planet. Conclusions. For non gap forming planets, eccentricity and inclination damping occurs on a time scale that is very much shorter than the migration time scale. The results of non linear hydrodynamic simulations are in very good agreement with linear theory for values of e and i for which the theory is applicable (i.e. e and i ≤ H/r).
Age and Gender Differences in Relationships Among Emotion Regulation, Mood, and Mental Health

Objective: We investigated the effects of age on mood and mental health-mediated emotion regulation, such as cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and examined whether these relationships differ according to gender. Method: We recruited 936 Japanese participants. They comprised six age groups ranging from 20 to 70 years old, with 156 participants in each age group and equal numbers of men and women. Results: Structural equation model analysis showed that older participants were more likely to use cognitive reappraisal, further enhancing positive mood and reducing negative mood, whereas, age did not affect expressive suppression. Moreover, expressive suppression had a smaller impact on mood than cognitive reappraisal. A multi-group analysis showed significant gender differences. In men, cognitive reappraisal increased with age and influenced mood more positively than in women. Discussion: Our findings indicated gender differences in aging effects on emotion regulation. We discussed about these results from the cognitive process, motivation to emotion regulation, and cultural differences.
Oxytocin facilitates social approach behavior in women

In challenging environments including both numerous threats and scarce resources, the survival of an organism depends on its ability to quickly escape from dangers and to seize opportunities to gain rewards. The phylogenetically ancient neurohormonal oxytocin (OXT) system has been shown to influence both approach and avoidance (AA) behavior in men, but evidence for comparable effects in women is still lacking. We thus conducted a series of pharmacological behavioral experiments in a randomized double-blind study involving 76 healthy heterosexual women treated with either OXT (24 IU) or placebo intranasally. In Experiment 1, we tested how OXT influenced the social distance subjects maintained between themselves and either a female or male experimenter. In Experiment 2, we applied a reaction time based AA task. In Experiment 3 we investigated effects on peri-personal space by measuring the lateral attentional bias in a line bisection task. We found that OXT specifically decreased the distance maintained between subjects and the male but not the female experimenter and also accelerated approach toward pleasant social stimuli in the AA task. However, OXT did not influence the size of peri-personal space, suggesting that it does not alter perception of personal space per se, but rather that a social element is necessary for OXT's effects on AA behavior to become evident. Taken together, our results point to an evolutionarily adaptive mechanism by which OXT in women selectively promotes approach behavior in positive social contexts.
Precise Point Positioning: Is the era of differential GNSS positioning drawing to an end?

SUMMARY For three decades the differential GPS (DGPS), and subsequently DGNSS, technique has been the dominant operational mode for precise posi tioning for the geoscience, geospatial and navigation communities. All DGNSS techniques perform positioning relative to one or more reference GNSS receivers located at points of known coordinates. Depending upon the type of GNSS measurement, user equipment, reference receiver infrastructure, data processing algorithm, ancillary products or services, and oper ational requirements (e.g. real-time or postmission, moving or static user equipment, good or p oor satellite and reference receiver geometry, etc.), different levels of performance ar e obtained. For example, the basic DGNSS technique using single-frequency pseudo-range measurements can deliver few-metre to submetre positioning accuracy, in either local-area DG NSS or wide-area DGNSS implementations. The processing of carrier phase da ta enables sub-decimetre-level accuracy, with the highest operational accuracy being possibl e (at the few-centimetre level) using the most sophisticated receiver equipment and algorithm s, even in real-time and with the user equipment in motion (the so-called RTK mode). RTK techniques are now indispensible for precise navigation, machine automation, surveying a nd mapping. Over the last decade many government agencies and private companies have established permanent reference receiver networks (or CORSs ‐ continuously operating reference stations) to support RTK users. This positioning infrastructure is expensive to establis h and maintain at the appropriate density (e.g. number and distribution of CORS), quality (e. g. monumentation), functionality (e.g. multi-GNSS receivers), integrity (e.g. signal quali ty monitoring and datum) and robustness (e.g. terrestrial or satellite communications link between CORS and users). Over the same time period the technique of Precise Point Position ing (PPP) has been touted as an alternative for the “infrastructure-hungry” carrier phase-based DGNSS techniques. Although PPP suffers from several disadvantages ‐ slow convergence times, no user equipment supports real-time algorithms, no real-time satellite orbit and clock data streams, uncertain coordinate datum ‐ recent PPP developments could address most of these disadvantages. This paper describes the current knowledge of PPP, progress in the development of software, algorithms and data standards, and the provision of real-time services to support PPP, with a particular focus on the IGS (and commercial) products and the new role of CORS to provide augmentation services to PPP users. The paper also speculates on the evolving role(s) of CORS networks in the context of future PPP, and whether DGNSS techniques will be largely replaced by PPP techniques.
FAST: A Fully Asynchronous Split Time-Integrator for a Self-Gravitating Fluid

We describe a new algorithm for the integration of self-gravitating fluid systems using SPH method. We split the Hamiltonian of a self-gravitating fluid system into the gravitational potential and others (kinetic and internal energies), and used different time-steps for their integrations. The time integration was done in the way similar to that used in the mixed-variable or multiple stepsize symplectic schemes. We performed three test calculations. The first test was spherical collapse, and the second test was an explosion. As the third test, we also performed a realistic test, in which the initial model was taken from a simulation of merging galaxies. In all test calculations, we found that the number of time-steps for gravitational interaction were reduced by nearly an order of magnitude when we adopted our integration method. In the case of the realistic test, in which the dark-matter potential dominates the total system, the total calculation time was significantly reduced. The simulation results were almost the same as those of simulations with the ordinary individual time-step method. Our new method has achieved good performance without sacrificing the accuracy of the time integration.
The role of elevation in moral judgment

ABSTRACT Elevation is the emotion elicited by witnessing acts of moral beauty and may be framed as the opposite of disgust. Two studies investigated the role of elevation in moral judgment and its relation to disgust. In Study 1 it was investigated whether elevation can attenuate the effects of disgust on moral transgression judgments. Participants were either induced to experience disgust (by giving them a bitter beverage), or to experience disgust and elevation simultaneously (by video induction). No effects of either emotion on moral transgression judgments were found. In Study 2 the nature of causal connectedness between elevation and moral virtue judgments was investigated by testing whether elevation amplifies moral virtue judgments. It was found that participants judged morally good acts as being more morally good when being elevated, suggesting that there is a bidirectional causal link between elevation and judgments of moral virtue.
Folliculin, the Product of the Birt-Hogg-Dube Tumor Suppressor Gene, Interacts with the Adherens Junction Protein p0071 to Regulate Cell-Cell Adhesion

Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) is a tumor suppressor gene syndrome associated with fibrofolliculomas, cystic lung disease, and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. In seeking to elucidate the pathogenesis of BHD, we discovered a physical interaction between folliculin (FLCN), the protein product of the BHD gene, and p0071, an armadillo repeat containing protein that localizes to the cytoplasm and to adherens junctions. Adherens junctions are one of the three cell-cell junctions that are essential to the establishment and maintenance of the cellular architecture of all epithelial tissues. Surprisingly, we found that downregulation of FLCN leads to increased cell-cell adhesion in functional cell-based assays and disruption of cell polarity in a three-dimensional lumen-forming assay, both of which are phenocopied by downregulation of p0071. These data indicate that the FLCN-p0071 protein complex is a negative regulator of cell-cell adhesion. We also found that FLCN positively regulates RhoA activity and Rho-associated kinase activity, consistent with the only known function of p0071. Finally, to examine the role of Flcn loss on cell-cell adhesion in vivo, we utilized keratin-14 cre-recombinase (K14-cre) to inactivate Flcn in the mouse epidermis. The K14-Cre-Bhdflox/flox mice have striking delays in eyelid opening, wavy fur, hair loss, and epidermal hyperplasia with increased levels of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity. These data support a model in which dysregulation of the FLCN-p0071 interaction leads to alterations in cell adhesion, cell polarity, and RhoA signaling, with broad implications for the role of cell-cell adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of human disease, including emphysema and renal cell carcinoma.
Natural downsizing in hierarchical galaxy formation

Stellar-population analyses of today's galaxies show 'downsizing', where the stars in more massive galaxies tend to have formed earlier and over a shorter time-span. We show that this phenomenon is not necessarily 'antihierarchical' but rather has its natural roots in the bottom-up clustering process of dark-matter haloes. While the main progenitor does indeed show an opposite effect, the integrated mass in all the progenitors down to a given minimum mass shows a robust downsizing that is qualitatively similar to what has been observed. These results are derived analytically from the standard extended Press-Schechter (EPS) theory, and are confirmed by merger trees based on EPS or drawn from N-body simulations. The downsizing is valid for any minimum mass, as long as it is the same for all haloes at any given time, but the effect is weaker for smaller minimum mass. If efficient star formation is triggered by atomic cooling, then a minimum halo mass arises naturally from the minimum virial temperature for cooling, T ≃ 10 4 K, though for such a small minimum mass the effect is weaker than observed. Baryonic feedback effects, which are expected to stretch the duration of star formation in small galaxies and shut it down in massive haloes at late epochs, are likely to play a subsequent role in shaping up the final downsizing behaviour. Other appearances of downsizing, such as the decline with time of the typical mass of star-forming galaxies, may not be attributed to the gravitational clustering process but rather arise from the gas processes.
Anti-Inflammatory Applications of Melittin, a Major Component of Bee Venom: Detailed Mechanism of Action and Adverse Effects

Inflammation is a pervasive phenomenon triggered by the innate and adaptive immune systems to maintain homeostasis. The phenomenon normally leads to recovery from infection and healing, but when not properly phased, inflammation may cause immune disorders. Bee venom is a toxin that bees use for their protection from enemies. However, for centuries it has been used in the Orient as an anti-inflammatory medicine for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Bee venom and its major component, melittin, are potential means of reducing excessive immune responses and provide new alternatives for the control of inflammatory diseases. Recent experimental studies show that the biological functions of melittin could be applied for therapeutic use in vitro and in vivo. Reports verifying the therapeutic effects of melittin are accumulating in the literature, but the cellular mechanism(s) of the anti-inflammatory effects of melittin are not fully elucidated. In the present study, we review the current knowledge on the therapeutic effects of melittin and its detailed mechanisms of action against several inflammatory diseases including skin inflammation, neuroinflammation, atherosclerosis, arthritis and liver inflammation, its adverse effects as well as future prospects regarding the use of melittin.
Photosynthetic Acclimation of Symbiodinium in hospite Depends on Vertical Position in the Tissue of the Scleractinian Coral Montastrea curta

Coral photophysiology has been studied intensively from the colony scale down to the scale of single fluorescent pigment granules as light is one of the key determinants for coral health. We studied the photophysiology of the oral and aboral symbiont band of scleractinian coral Montastrea curta to investigate if different acclimation to light exist in hospite on a polyp scale. By combined use of electrochemical and fiber-optic microsensors for O2, scalar irradiance and variable chlorophyll fluorescence, we could characterize the physical and chemical microenvironment experienced by the symbionts and, for the first time, estimate effective quantum yields of PSII photochemistry and rates of electron transport at the position of the zooxanthellae corrected for the in-tissue gradient of scalar irradiance. The oral- and aboral Symbiodinium layers received ∼71% and ∼33% of surface scalar irradiance, respectively, and the two symbiont layers experience considerable differences in light exposure. Rates of gross photosynthesis did not differ markedly between the oral- and aboral layer and curves of PSII electron transport rates corrected for scalar irradiance in hospite, showed that the light use efficiency under sub-saturating light conditions were similar between the two layers. However, the aboral Symbiodinium band did not experience photosynthetic saturation, even at the highest investigated irradiance where the oral layer was clearly saturated. We thus found a different light acclimation response for the oral and aboral symbiont bands in hospite, and discuss whether such response could be shaped by spectral shifts caused by tissue gradients of scalar irradiance. Based on our experimental finding, combined with previous knowledge, we present a conceptual model on the photophysiology of Symbiodinium residing inside living coral tissue under natural gradients of light and chemical parameters.
Purification and anticonvulsant activity of xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen)

The aim of the present study was to determine the anticonvulsant effects of xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen) isolated from the fruit of Pastinaca sativa L. This plant is used in European traditional medicine, including Poland. For this purpose, high-performance counter-current chromatography was used. Different solvent systems, mixtures of n-heptane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were tested in order to calculate partition coefficients. Finally, a mixture with the ratio of 1:1:1:1 (v/v/v/v), giving the K value = 0.92, was chosen as optimal. A rapid scale-up process from analytical to preparative was developed. Evaluation of the anticonvulsant action of xanthotoxin in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure test revealed that it produced a clear-cut anticonvulsant action in mice, and the experimentally-derived median effective doses (ED50 values) ranged between 219 and 252 mg kg−1.
Arthropod and oligochaete assemblages from grasslands of the southern Kenai Peninsula, Alaska

Abstract Background By the end of this century, the potential climate-biome of the southern Kenai Peninsula is forecasted to change from transitional boreal forest to prairie and grasslands, a scenario that may already be playing out in the Caribou Hills region. Here, spruce (Picea × lutzii Little [glauca × sitchensis]) forests were heavily thinned by an outbreak of the spruce bark beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby, 1837)) and replaced by the native but invasive grass species, Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. As part of a project designed to delimit and characterize potentially expanding grasslands in this region, we sought to characterize the arthropod and earthworm communities of these grasslands. We also used this sampling effort as a trial of applying high-throughput sequencing metabarcoding methods to a real-world inventory of terrestrial arthropods. New information We documented 131 occurrences of 67 native arthropod species at ten sites, characterizing the arthropod fauna of these grasslands as being dominated by Hemiptera (60% of total reads) and Diptera (38% of total reads). We found a single exotic earthworm species, Dendrobaena octaedra (Savigny, 1826), at 30% of sites and one unidentified enchytraeid at a single site. The utility of high-throughput sequencing metabarcoding as a tool for bioassessment of terrestrial arthropod assemblages was confirmed.
Inhibition of SREBP increases gefitinib sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer cells

The clinical success of EGFR inhibitors in patients with lung cancer is limited by the inevitable development of treatment resistance. Here, we show that inhibition of SREBP increase gefitinib sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Interference of SREBP1 binding partner MARVELD1 potentiate the therapeutic effect of gefitinib as well. Mechanistically, SREBP inhibition decreases the cell membrane fluidity, results in a decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR. Therefore, targeting lipid metabolism combined with EGFR-TKIs is potentially a novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
Sufficient covariates and linear propensity analysis

Working within the decision-theoretic framework for causal inference, we study the properties of "sufficient covariates", which support causal inference from observational data, and possibilities for their reduction. In particular we illustrate the role of a propensity variable by means of a simple model, and explain why such a reduction typically does not increase (and may reduce) estimation efficiency.
Prospective Early Childhood Teachers' Understandings on the Nature of Science in Terms of Scientific Knowledge and Scientific Method

The purpose of this study was to explore the understandings of prospective early childhood teachers on scientific knowledge and scientific method. The study was interpretive in nature. The data were collected through various open-ended questions with subsequent auxiliary ones directed towards ten participants during a combination of in-depth focus group interviews and getting peer feedbacks in this process. Conversations and discussions among the participants were tracked on a tape recorder during the sessions and translated verbatim. The study focused on convenience and criterion sampling. As a criterion, academic achievement (accumulated GDA's) was considered, and the participants were assigned to the final sample this way. The data were analyzed in accordance with the conceptual framework of Marshall and Rossman [1] using an analytical task of qualitative approach. All data that were described, categorized and related to each other in the analysis are given in categories as well as emergent codes. Views of the participants were related to each other in an interpretive manner. Based on the results, the implications and the directions for further study are discussed.
Capacity Analysis of Wireless Mesh Networks with Omni or Directional Antennas

In this paper we analyze the capacity of wireless mesh networks that use omni or directional antennas. The capacity in our analysis is the end-to-end per-node throughput. Our analysis is based on the assumption that there is only one gateway in the network and all end-users' traffics go through the gateway. Non-gateway nodes are uniformly distributed in a two- dimensional region centered at the gateway. The main results of our analysis can be summarized as: 1) The capacity is O(1/N) for both omni and directional antennas, where N is number of nodes in the network. 2) the capacity is O(1g m/thetas) for m = 2, and O(1g m/thetas 2 1g (1/thetas)) for m > 2, where m is the number of antennas on each node, and thetas is the beamwidth of antennas.
Antiretoviral Therapy and the Lipodystrophy Syndrome, Part 2: Concepts in Aetiopathogenesis

Clinical research has indicated that the use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and HIV protease inhibitor (PI) therapy is associated with a risk of long-term toxicity syndromes, and that the aetiopathogenesis of these adverse effects is independent of the antiretroviral effects of these drugs. In relation to the lipodystrophy syndrome, it appears that the most powerful determinant of subcutaneous fat wasting is an interaction between these two drug classes. In this review, possible mechanisms underlying the contributions of both PI and NRTI drugs are reviewed, with an emphasis on their effects on adipose tissue. On this basis, an ‘adipocentric’, or minimal model of the syndrome is developed, in which divergent effects at the adipocyte of NRTIs (mitochondrial toxicity) and PIs (insulin resistance and impaired adipocyte maturation) interact to produce a phenotype that is consistent with clinical observations.