Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immodest Modesty: Accommodating Dissent and the 'Abaya-as-Fashion in the Arab Gulf States

This article examines how the phenomenon of the 'abaya-as-fashion is accommodated by the hegemonic order of Islamic patriarchy in the region of the Arab Gulf states. The traditional 'abaya, or body veil commonly worn by national women across the Arab Gulf, is juxtaposed against contemporary manifestations that have emerged in the context of fashion over the past ten years. It is proposed that, although the 'abaya-as-fashion presents a case of resistance and deviation from its original form, consent by the hegemonic order lies within the ultimate preservation of the 'abaya's essential qualities (long and black). Thus, in its reappropriation, the 'abaya-as-fashion notably disrupts its primary signification without ever fully displacing it, thereby constituting a form of passive resistance. This article interrogates the manner in which the 'abaya-as-fashion stands in contingent relation to the hegemonic order of Islamic patriarchy.
A comparative analysis of the adaptive developmental plasticity hypothesis in six Mediterranean anuran species along a pond permanency gradient

Question: Is developmental phenotypic plasticity an adaptive trait and therefore more flexible in variable and unpredictable environments? Organism: The anuran larvae community encompassing Alytes obstetricans, Pelodytes punctatus, Bufo bufo, B. calamita, Hyla meridionalis, and Rana perezi. Methods: In the field, we examined the ecological breadth (spatial and temporal variability) of the six species along a pond permanency gradient in 240 ponds. In the laboratory, we measured developmental plasticity (time to and size at metamorphosis) of each species using two treatments: (1) constant water level and (2) drying treatment. A comparative analysis was undertaken of developmental plasticity and the function of species ecological breadth and their phylogenetic relationship. Results: Species that use a wide variety of habitats or unpredictable environments showed a greater plasticity of responses than those occurring in predictable habitats. At the two extremes of the hydroperiod (ephemeral and permanent ponds), specialist developmental phenotypes with limited plasticity occur, whereas species from variable habitats (temporary ponds) can be considered plastic strategists with asymmetric bet-hedging. Our results support the hypothesis that interspecific differences in developmental phenotypic plasticity are adaptive and are related to ecological breadth and unpredictability.
The Influence of Motivational Cultural Intelligence on Cultural Effectiveness Based on Study Abroad

This study examines the influence of motivational cultural intelligence (CQ) on the development of cultural effectiveness among university short-term business study abroad program participants. We conceptualize cultural effectiveness as the degree of psychological comfort and success in managing intercultural demands. Results of a multiple-source, two-wave lagged study demonstrate that initial levels of motivational CQ were positively associated with increases in (a) cultural well-being reported by participants and (b) peer perceptions of suitability for overseas work. In addition, cultural identity, an individual’s psychological identification with his or her own national culture, strengthened the time-lagged relationship between motivational CQ and peer-rated suitability for overseas work. Participants with strong cultural identity and low motivational CQ were viewed as the least suitable for an overseas job. We discuss practical implications for designing cross-cultural education programs and implications for future research.
Factors Influencing Age Expectations for Adolescent Autonomy: A Study of Early Adolescents and Parents

Few societal guidelines exist to help parents or adolescents make decisions about the pacing of autonomy, yet parents and adolescents exhibit well-defined expectations as to what constitutes age-appropriate behavior. Little is known about the specific content of age-related expectations, or about the factors that influence the "timetabling" of these expectations. To explore these issues, the present study sampled 200 early adolescents and 170 parents of early adolescent sons. Subjects differed in gender, ethnicity, and the personality dimension of restraint. Subjects completed a 21-item questionnaire asking at what age they expected adolescents to engage in specific autonomy-related behaviors associated with adolescence. Results revealed that parents held significantly later age expectations than adolescents; Asians, substantially later than those of non-Asians; and those with highly restrained personalities markedly later than their low-restraint counterparts. Gender effects were absent. Results were discussed in terms of both the content of differentiating items and of group characteristics underlying differential expectations.
What Are We Missing?: Adding Eye-Tracking to the HoloLens to Improve Gaze Estimation Accuracy

The Microsoft HoloLens keeps track of its location and rotation relative to the environment but lacks the ability to capture eye gaze data. We assess a novel method to extend the HoloLens with a head mounted eye-tracker. Using a combination of eye gaze data and head rotation we compared gaze behavior between real and virtual objects. Results indicate that eye-tracking plays an important role in accurately determining a user's gaze for real objects in contrast to virtual objects.
Uncovering Interactions in the Frequency Domain

Oscillatory activity plays a critical role in regulating biological processes at levels ranging from subcellular, cellular, and network to the whole organism, and often involves a large number of interacting elements. We shed light on this issue by introducing a novel approach called partial Granger causality to reliably reveal interaction patterns in multivariate data with exogenous inputs and latent variables in the frequency domain. The method is extensively tested with toy models, and successfully applied to experimental datasets, including (1) gene microarray data of HeLa cell cycle; (2) in vivo multi-electrode array (MEA) local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from the inferotemporal cortex of a sheep; and (3) in vivo LFPs recorded from distributed sites in the right hemisphere of a macaque monkey.
Developmental Differences in Primary and Secondary Control Coping and Adjustment to Juvenile Diabetes

Compared diabetic youngsters at two levels of cognitive maturity to explore developmental differences in relations between child characteristics and adjustment. Differences in coping style and in pattern of relationships emerged between formal operational and pre-formal groups. For example, knowledge about diabetes was positively related to medical adjustment for the formal but not the pre-formal children. Although all child characteristics were related to one or more adjustment measures, no relationship between a child variable and an adjustment measure replicated across the two cognitive level groups. The findings suggest that a develop. mental perspective may help refine our understanding of children's adaptation to chronic illness.
Neural basis of three dimensions of agitated behaviors in patients with Alzheimer disease

Background Agitated behaviors are frequently observed in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). The neural substrate underlying the agitated behaviors in dementia is unclear. We hypothesized that different dimensions of agitated behaviors are mediated by distinct neural systems. Methods All the patients (n=32) underwent single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Using the Agitated Behavior in Dementia scale, we identified the relationships between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) patterns and the presence of each of three dimensions of agitated behavior (physically agitated behavior, verbally agitated behavior, and psychosis symptoms) in AD patients. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) software was used to explore these neural correlations. Results Physically agitated behavior was significantly correlated with lower rCBF values in the right superior temporal gyrus (Brodmann 22) and the right inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann 47). Verbally agitated behavior was significantly associated with lower rCBF values in the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann 46, 44) and the left insula (Brodmann 13). The psychosis symptoms were significantly correlated with lower rCBF values in the right angular gyrus (Brodmann 39) and the right occipital lobe (Brodmann 19). Conclusion Our results support the hypothesis that three different agitated behaviors may represent distinct neural networks in AD patients.
Comorbidity of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases Among Patients With ADHD

Objective: Patients with ADHD have been suggested to have increased risks of allergic diseases but without consistent results, and limited studies about the association between ADHD and autoimmune diseases were noted in the literature. Method: Utilizing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, ADHD patients were identified and compared with age- and gender-matched controls (1:4). Results: In all, 8,201 participants were identified as having ADHD, and an increased prevalence of allergic diseases, including asthma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.53), allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.59), atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.53), and urticaria (OR = 1.39), compared with the control group. Although the comorbidity of autoimmune diseases with ADHD was low, ADHD patients had a significantly greater prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (OR = 2.78), ulcerative colitis (OR = 2.31), and autoimmune thyroid disease (OR = 2.53) than the controls. Conclusion: Our results supported the association between ADHD and allergic/autoimmune diseases. The further studies will be required to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
AES-Based Security Coprocessor IC in 0.18-$muhbox m$CMOS With Resistance to Differential Power Analysis Side-Channel Attacks

Security ICs are vulnerable to side-channel attacks (SCAs) that find the secret key by monitoring the power consumption or other information that is leaked by the switching behavior of digital CMOS gates. This paper describes a side-channel attack resistant coprocessor IC fabricated in 0.18-$muhbox m$CMOS consisting of an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) based cryptographic engine, a fingerprint-matching engine, template storage, and an interface unit. Two functionally identical coprocessors have been fabricated on the same die. The first coprocessor was implemented using standard cells and regular routing techniques. The second coprocessor was implemented using a logic style called wave dynamic differential logic (WDDL) and a layout technique called differential routing to combat the differential power analysis (DPA) side-channel attack. Measurement-based experimental results show that a DPA attack on the insecure coprocessor requires only 8000 encryptions to disclose the entire 128-bit secret key. The same attack on the secure coprocessor does not disclose the entire secret key even after 1 500 000 encryptions.
Affective Consequences of Disconfirming Performance Expectations

Summary The study was designed to test the prediction from cognitive dissonance theory that persons who expect to perform poorly prefer poor performance to high performance and will perform poorly on trials subsequent to high performance feedback. Sixty-eight female undergraduates, primarily sophomores, enrolled in their first psychology course at Purdue University, participated in the experiment. Although the Ss could choose the experiments in which they participated, as part of the course requirement all had to participate in five hours of experiments during the semester. Ss performed several hidden word puzzles and received manipulated performance feedback on them. Both performance measures and subjective ratings were used to infer satisfaction with performance. The results showed no support for the dissonance interpretation. Previous studies on performance expectations were interpreted in light of a more parsimonious explanation of the data which does not require the assumption that poor performance i.
Assessment in Counseling Psychology

There is some evidence that the role of psychological assessment in counseling psychology is changing. Relatively little is known about the specific aspects of current training in assessment, however. Training directors of American Psychological Association (APA) approved counseling psychology programs and APA-approved internship sites were surveyed to determine the extent of training in psychological assessment procedures. Results indicated that (a) clinical interview is the most widely used assessment procedure; (b) the role of vocational assessment is changing; (c) different assessment procedures are emphasized in academic and field training; (d) proficiency in different assessment procedures is expected at different points in training; and (e) some differences in the use of assessment procedures exist among internship settings, with counseling centers being the most divergent. Results suggest that to keep training efforts current, those involved in training counseling psychologists need to be aware of assessment skills needed in professional practice settings. Also, the basis for different emphases in academic and field training in this important area should be explored further.
TEACHER VS. PEER SCAFFOLDING MODES IN L2 WRITING CLASSES: A CONSIDERATION OF GENRE APPROACH TO WRITING

While it is not a long time that scaffolding is applied in writing classes, few attempts have been made to identify the scaffolding mechanisms that teachers and peers employ in face-to-face interactions to help students develop requirements of different genres of writing. Therefore, this study was conducted aiming at investigating the scaffolding behaviors and mechanisms that the teacher and peers employed while revising two genres of writing, i.e. description and essay, written by the students of two classes who were assigned to teacher and peer scaffolding. Vygotsky's Socio-cultural framework and its related notion of scaffolding metaphor were used in this study. To identify the scaffolding behaviors, the verbal interaction between the students and the teacher and peer mediators was recorded, transcribed and coded, using Lidz's scale (1991). Based on the findings of the study, the difference between the teacher's and peers' scaffolding behaviors in the two genres of writing was significant, illustrating the fact that not only the teacher and peer mediators offered different numbers of scaffolding behaviors, but also the type of these behaviors was at times different from a particular genre of writing to another. Finally, some pedagogical implications of Socio-cultural Theory in EFL/ESL writing classes are provided. Keywords : genres approach, scaffolding, Sociocultural Theory (SCT), Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), teacher and peer mediators, writing
An Investigation into the “Match-up” Hypothesis in Celebrity Advertising: When Beauty May Be Only Skin Deep

Abstract This study represents a supportive test of the attractiveness aspect of the “match-up” hypothesis of celebrity/product congruence discussed in depth by Kahle and Homer (1985). The hypothesis implies that the physical attractiveness of a celebrity endorser may only enhance both product- and ad-based evaluations if the product's characteristics “match-up” with the image conveyed by the celebrity. Empirically, it was found that for an attractiveness-related product, use of a physically attractive celebrity (Tom Selleck) was observed to significantly enhance measures of spokesperson credibility and attitude toward an ad, relative to use of a physically unattractive celebrity (Telly Savalas). Alternatively, the physically attractive celebrity was found to have no effect on various spokesperson-, product-and ad-based dependent measures relative to the physically unattractive celebrity for an attractiveness-unrelated product. Implications of these findings for advertising strategy are discussed, and dir.
Supply and Demand of Minority Teachers in Texas: Problems and Prospects

Teacher supply and demand issues are of critical importance as our society enters the 21st century. Over the next decade, there will be an increasing demand for new teachers––about two million––due in part to a dramatic increase in enrollments and high attrition rates as an aging teacher workforce becomes eligible for retirement. Where these teachers will come from and where they will teach is important to understand as our society faces increasing racial, ethnic, and linguistic diversity. Amid this diversity is a continuing concern that some racial-ethnic groups are disproportionately placed at risk. Thus, this article focuses on the supply and demand patterns of minority teachers, with special attention to teachers of students in high-risk districts. We analyze data on teachers from Texas between 1979 and 1996. We provide a variety of descriptive results––both univariate and multivariate––showing that while Texas has been successful in attracting minority teachers, it has a long way to go in attaining the goal of the Texas State Board of Education: to have a teacher workforce that reflects the racial-ethnic composition of the state.
Data on interventions during periods of political instability

Interventions into civil conflicts have been the focus of considerable research in recent years, but one of the limitations to many studies has been the emphasis on interventions once a conflict begins. While important, we know that states and other actors often take action prior to the onset of a civil war in hopes of diffusing – or exacerbating – a potentially volatile situation. To date, however, no one has been able to study these pre-conflict interventions because appropriate data did not exist. In this article we introduce a new dataset that fits this specific need. Our data identifies states that are at risk of civil war and codes instances of third-party military, economic, and diplomatic interventions. Based on forecasting models that derive risk scores for all states from 1957 to 2007, we are able to identify those states that are most at risk and provide detailed information about interventions that occur in those states. We include a brief empirical example that applies our new data on interventions to test for their effects on the likelihood of civil war or stability. Consistent with prior arguments regarding interventions during civil wars, we show that military interventions increase the risk of civil war onset, while economic and diplomatic interventions forestall that particular outcome. The limited example highlights just one of the potential uses for our new data. With it at hand, researchers will now have the ability to answer many of the vexing problems surrounding the processes that may or may not lead to civil war.
Beauty, Dominance, and the Mating Game: Contrast Effects in Self-Assessment Reflect Gender Differences in Mate Selection

An experimental study examined the effects of exposure to physically attractive and dominant same-sex individuals on self-assessments. Consistent with prior findings on mate selection, it was predicted that women’s self-assessments of their mate value would be adversely affected by exposure to highly physically attractive women and would be relatively unaffected by exposure to socially dominant women. Conversely, men’s self-assessments of their mate value were expected to be more affected by the social dominance than by the physical attractiveness of the men to whom they were exposed. Findings for self-assessed judgments of desirability as a marriage partner were in line with hypotheses. Results fit with earlier findings suggesting that such effects may be caused by changes in the perceived population of competitors rather than direct changes in self-perceptions of physical appearance or dominance. Overall, findings are supportive of models assuming domain-specific rather than domain-general cognitive processes.
Effects of Practice on Aptitude and Achievement Test Scores

This meta-analytic synthesis of evaluation findings from 40 studies showed that students can raise their scores on aptitude and achievement tests by taking practice forms of the tests. The size of the gains from practice appeared to be a function of three factors. First, gains were larger when identical forms of a test were used for practice and criterion measurement and were smaller when parallel forms were used. Second, the size of the effect increased with the number of practice tests given. And finally, the size of effect was influenced by the ability level of the population studied; gains were larger for subjects of high ability than they were for subjects of low ability.
Akt Activity Negatively Regulates Phosphorylation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase in the Heart*

In the heart, insulin stimulates a variety of kinase cascades and controls glucose utilization. Because insulin is able to activate Akt and inactivate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the heart, we hypothesized that Akt can regulate the activity of AMPK. To address the potential existence of this novel signaling pathway, we used a number of experimental protocols to activate Akt in cardiac myocytes and monitored the activation status of AMPK. Mouse hearts perfused in the presence of insulin demonstrated accelerated glycolysis and glucose oxidation rates as compared with non-insulin-perfused hearts. In addition, insulin caused an increase in Akt phosphorylation and a decrease in AMPK phosphorylation at its major regulatory site (threonine 172 of the α catalytic subunit). Transgenic mice overexpressing a constitutively active mutant form of Akt1 displayed decreased phosphorylation of cardiac α-AMPK. Isolated neonatal cardiac myocytes infected with an adenovirus expressing constitutively active mutant forms of either Akt1 or Akt2 also suppressed AMPK phosphorylation. However, Akt-dependent depression of α-AMPK phosphorylation could be overcome in the presence of the AMPK activator, metformin, suggesting that an override mechanism exists that can restore AMPK activity. Taken together, this study suggests that there is cross-talk between the AMPK and Akt pathways and that Akt activation can lead to decreased AMPK activity. In addition, our data suggest that the ability of insulin to inhibit AMPK may be controlled via an Akt-mediated mechanism.
The Cultural Psychology of Personality

Research in cultural psychology suggests that person is a social and collective construction made possible through an individual's participation in the practices and meanings of a given cultural context. This perspective can make a contribution to some contemporary controversies in personality. In the current article, it is argued that although most conceptions of personality in academic psychology are rooted in a model of the person as independent, in many Asian cultures, personality is constructed on the basis of an alternative model of the person as interdependent. In these cultures, then, personality is experienced and understood as behavior that is characteristic of the person in relationship with others in particular social contexts. Some initial evidence is reviewed and questions for future research are suggested.