Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Palm Kernel Expellers on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Profiles of Weaned Pigs

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of palm kernel expellers on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned pigs. A total of 88 weaned pigs (6.94±0.76 kg body weight [BW]; 28 d old) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 11 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (sex as a block). The dietary treatments were a typical nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON added with 20% of palm kernel expellers (PKE). Pigs were fed for 6 wk using a 3-phase feeding program with declining diet complexity and with phases of 1, 2, and 3 wk, respectively. Blood was collected from randomly selected 2 pigs in each pen before weaning and on d 7 after weaning. Pigs were fed respective dietary treatments containing 0.2% chromic oxide from d 29 to 35 after weaning. Fecal samples were collected from randomly selected 2 pigs in each pen daily for the last 3 days after the 4-d adjustment period. Measurements were growth performances, digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and energy, white and red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, and incidence of diarrhea. The PKE increased average daily gain (ADG) (246 vs 215 g/d; p = 0.06) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (470 vs 343 g/d; p<0.05) and decreased gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) (0.522 vs 0.628 g/g; p<0.05) during phase 2 compared with CON, but did not affect growth performance during phase 1 and 3. During overall experimental period, PKE increased ADG (383 vs 362 g/d; p = 0.05) and ADFI (549 vs 496 g/d; p<0.05) compared with CON, but did not affect G:F. However, no differences were found on digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy between CON and PKE. The PKE reduced frequency of diarrhea (15% vs 25%; p = 0.08) for the first 2 wk after weaning compared with CON. Similarly, PKE decreased white blood cells (8.19 vs 9.56×103/μL; p = 0.07), red blood cells (2.92 vs 3.25×106/μL; p = 0.09), and packed cell volume (11.1% vs 12.6%; p = 0.06) on d 7 after weaning compared with CON. In conclusion, addition of 20% palm kernel expellers to nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal had no negative effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned pigs.
Daily fluctuations in work engagement: An overview and current directions.

This article presents an overview of the literature on daily fluctuations in work engagement. Daily work engagement is a state of vigor, dedication, and absorption that is predictive of important organizational outcomes, including job performance. After briefly discussing enduring work engagement, the advantages of diary research are discussed, as well as the concept and measurement of daily work engagement. The research evidence shows that fluctuations in work engagement are a function of the changes in daily job and personal resources. Particularly on the days that employees have access to many resources, they are able to cope well with their daily job demands (e.g., work pressure, negative events), and likely interpret these demands as challenges. Furthermore, the literature review shows that on the days employees have sufficient levels of job control, they proactively try to optimize their work environment in order to stay engaged. This proactive behavior is called job crafting and predicts momentary .
Prediction of skin burn injury. Part 2: Parametric and sensitivity analysis

Abstract Part 2 of this paper presents an analysis of variance (ANOVA) for investigating the precedence of the various parameters, and the effects of varying these parameters, in assessment of burn injury resulting from the exposure of skin surface to heat sources. A one-dimensional model based on the finite difference method (FDM), as implemented in a spreadsheet software application, is applied to the assessment of burn injury. Henriques' theory of skin burns is used for determining the spatial and temporal extent of tissue damage. The ranks of the effects of various factors were obtained. It was found that the highest ranked factor is the initial tissue temperature followed by the thermal conductivity of the epidermal layer. The effect of blood perfusion rate is ranked much below the combinations of other factors. The results from the present numerical experiment agree well with the results obtained by Palla. Sensitivity analysis of the critical exposure levels was also carried out and results are discussed. In this study, the effects of the various parameters on injury threshold were investigated. Again, the results indicate that the four parameters: thermal conductivity of the epidermis and dermis, convective heat transfer coefficient and initial tissue temperature, have a pronounced influence on assessing the burn injury threshold. It was also found that fat thermal conductivity and blood perfusion rate have no obvious effect on injury threshold. A two-dimensional analysis was further conducted to determine the sensitivity of the predicted injury to the values of frequency factor, P, and apparent activation energy, ΔE, used in the models. Part 1 of this study details the development of the computer models based on the one- and two-dimensional bioheat equations.
Cloning and Expression of a Novel Member of the Low Voltage-Activated T-Type Calcium Channel Family

Low voltage-activated Ca2+ channels play important roles in pacing neuronal firing and producing network oscillations, such as those that occur during sleep and epilepsy. Here we describe the cloning and expression of the third member of the T-type family, α1I or CavT.3, from rat brain. Northern analysis indicated that it is predominantly expressed in brain. Expression of the cloned channel in either Xenopusoocytes or stably transfected human embryonic kidney-293 cells revealed novel gating properties. We compared these electrophysiological properties to those of the cloned T-type channels α1G and α1H and to the high voltage-activated channels formed by α1Eβ3. The α1I channels opened after small depolarizations of the membrane similar to α1G and α1H but at more depolarized potentials. The kinetics of activation and inactivation were dramatically slower, which allows the channel to act as a Ca2+ injector. In oocytes, the kinetics were even slower, suggesting that components of the expression system modulate its gating properties. Steady-state inactivation occurred at higher potentials than any of the other T channels, endowing the channel with a substantial window current. The α1I channel could still be classified as T-type by virtue of its criss-crossing kinetics, its slow deactivation (tail current), and its small (11 pS) conductance in 110 mm Ba2+ solutions. Based on its brain distribution and novel gating properties, we suggest that α1I plays important roles in determining the electroresponsiveness of neurons, and hence, may be a novel drug target.
The Transverse Humeral Ligament

Background No study to date has isolated the anatomical nature of the transverse humeral ligament and its relationship to the biceps tendon and the anterosuperior portion of the rotator cuff. Hypothesis There is no separate identifiable transverse humeral ligament, but rather the fibers covering the intertubercular groove are composed of a sling formed by fibers from the subscapularis and supraspinatus tendons. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods A total of 14 shoulder examinations were performed on 7 matched pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed, followed by gross and microscopic anatomical dissection. Results In the location of the transverse humeral ligament, magnetic resonance imaging and gross dissection revealed the continuation of superficial fibers of the subscapularis tendon from the tendon body across the intertubercular groove to attach to the greater tuberosity, whereas deeper fibers of the subscapularis tendon inserted on the lesser tuberosity. Longitudinal fibers of the supraspinatus tendon and the coracohumeral ligament were also noted to travel the length of the groove, deep to the other interdigitating fibers but superficial to the biceps tendon. Histologic studies confirmed these gross dissection patterns of fiber attachment and also revealed the absence of elastin fibers, which are more commonly seen in ligamentous structures and are typically absent from tendinous structures. Conclusion There is no identifiable transverse humeral ligament, but rather the fibers covering the intertubercular groove are composed of a sling formed mainly by the fibers of the subscapularis tendon, with contributions from the supraspinatus tendon and the coracohumeral ligament. Clinical Relevance According to our findings, dislocations of the long head of the biceps must disrupt at least the deep fibers of the annular sling created mainly by the subscapularis tendon insertion. This finding provides anatomical support for the findings of a positive biceps tendon subluxation or dislocation and subscapularis tear during glenohumeral arthroscopy with a normal-appearing subscapularis during open surgery or subacromial arthroscopy.
Negative Job Experiences and Employees Job Attitudes and Health in High‐Performance Work Organizations

The study aimed at examining the effects of work intensification and occupational stress, experienced by employees engaged in High-Performance Work Organizations on their job involvement, job satisfaction, work family balance and psychological well-being. The study helped in understanding the underlying psychological reactions of the employees to the High Performance Work Organizations. The study was conducted on 200 employees of different levels randomly selected from identified High Performance Work Organizations. Psychometrically standardized tool were employed to assess the extent of work intensification, occupational stress, work-family conflict, job involvement, job satisfaction and psychological well-being. Statistical analyses of the data obtained through these tools of measurement revealed that participants who experienced high level of work intensification and occupational stress showed lower level of job involvement, job satisfaction, and psychological well-being, while manifested relatively more symptoms of psychological ill-health, and experienced more work-family conflicts in comparison to the employees who experienced relatively lower degree of work intensification and occupational stress. Work intensification and occupational stress correlated negatively with employees' job-attitudes, and well-being, and positively with psychological symptoms and work family conflicts. The results suggest that in High Performance Work System Organizations, high organizational performance is being achieved on the cost of satisfaction and well-being of the employees in general.
Transferencia de tertulias literarias dialógicas a instituciones penitenciarias

The International scientific community has validated dialogic literary gatherings as a successful educational action that significantly improves both instrumental learning and coexistence. Unlike good practices or best practices, successful educational actions are defined by achieving the greatest improvements in a wide diversity of contexts, with transferability and universality as two of their main characteristics. This original article is the first publication of a research that has studied in depth a first case of transferability of dialogic literary gatherings to a prison. This study is a first step which is part of the committed continuity of the recreation to new contexts of the Integrated Project INCLUD-ED, the research on schooling with the most resources and the highest scientific rank from the European Commission’s Research Framework Programmes. The selection criteria for the case has been the seniority and continuity as it allowed us to better analyse on a longitudinal way the cognitive and social consequences of this educational activity conducted a prison. Following a communicative methodology of research, a documental analysis of the material written by the participants – between 2001 and 2012- and the correspondence of the inmates from the prison was conducted. The analysis of the fieldwork: 5 communicative daily life stories from people taking part in the literary gathering in the prison and to 1 relative, and 2 in depth interviews to its moderators; inform us about the influence that it has had in their lives and paths after coming out. The results indicate the transformative power of the dialogic literary gatherings for the social reinsertion of participants, by emphasising the instrumental dimension that accelerates learning, creates meaning and establishes solidarity ties.
Does Teacher Certification Matter? High School Teacher Certification Status and Student Achievement

We empirically test how 12th-grade students of teachers with probationary certification, emergency certification, private school certification, or no certification in their subject area compare relative to students of teachers who have standard certification in their subject area. We also determine whether specific state-by-state differences in teacher licensure requirements systematically affect student achievement. In mathematics, we find teachers who have a standard certification have a statistically significant positive impact on student test scores relative to teachers who either hold private school certification or are not certified in their subject area. Contrary to conventional wisdom, mathematics and science students who have teachers with emergency credentials do no worse than students whose teachers have standard teaching credentials.
Toxoplasma gondii Strains Defective in Oral Transmission Are Also Defective in Developmental Stage Differentiation

ABSTRACT Toxoplasma gondii undergoes differentiation from rapidly growing tachyzoites to slowly growing bradyzoites during its life cycle in the intermediate host, and conversion can be induced in vitro by stress. Representative strains of the three clonal lineages showed equal capacity to differentiate into bradyzoites in vitro, as evidenced by induction of bradyzoite antigen 1, staining with Dolichos biflorus lectin (DBL), pepsin resistance, and oral infectivity in mice. We also examined several recently described exotic strains of T. gondii, which are genetically diverse and have a different ancestry from the clonal lineages. The exotic strain COUG was essentially like the clonal lineages and showed a high capacity to induce bradyzoites in vitro and in vivo, consistent with its ability to be efficiently transmitted by the oral route. In contrast, exotic strains MAS and FOU, which are defective in oral transmission, showed a decreased potential to develop into bradyzoites in vitro. This defect was evident from reduced staining with DBL and the cyst antigen CST1, failure to down-regulate tachyzoite antigens, such as tachyzoite surface antigens 1 and 2A, and decreased resistance to pepsin treatment. Despite normal in vitro differentiation, the exotic strains CAST and GPHT also showed decreased oral transmission, due to formation of smaller cysts and a lower tissue burden during chronic infection, traits also shared by MAS and FOU. Collectively, these findings reveal that the limited oral transmission in some strains of T. gondii is due to inefficient differentiation to the bradyzoite form, leading to defects in the formation of tissue cysts.
Self-Reported Impact of Chlamydia Testing on Subsequent Behavior: Results of an Online Survey of Young Adults in England

Background The National Chlamydia Screening Programme performs 1.7 million tests annually among young adults in England. The effect of chlamydia screening on subsequent behavior is unknown. This study examined the self-reported impact of testing on young adults' subsequent health care–seeking and sexual behavior. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional Web-based anonymous survey using an online panel to recruit 1521 young adults aged 16 to 24 years and resident in England. Survey questions were developed using the theory of planned behavior. Multivariate log-binomial regression was used to identify the variables associated with an impact on subsequent behavior after testing. Results Most respondents reported that being tested for chlamydia had a positive effect on their subsequent sexual behavior (68.6%; 422/615) or health care–seeking behavior (80.0%; 492/615). In multivariate analysis, being female and having a high level of engagement at last test were both associated with positive impacts on sexual behavior (72.7% [adjusted prevalence ratio {aPR}, 1.19; 95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.07–1.33] and 82.7% [aPR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.27–1.89], respectively), and health care–seeking behavior (84.4% [aPR, 1.13; 95% Cl, 1.04–1.24] and 86.3% [aPR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.07–1.41], respectively). Among respondents with minimum level of engagement, 72.4% (76/105) reported an increase in subsequent health care–seeking behavior. Conclusions Chlamydia testing had a positive impact on young adults' self-reported health care–seeking and sexual behavior. This suggests that chlamydia screening has a wider effect on young adults' sexual health beyond that of treatment alone.
Use of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound to Predict Outcome in Patients With Intracranial Large-Artery Occlusive Disease

Background and Purpose Intracranial large-artery occlusive disease is the predominant vascular lesion found in stroke patients of Asian, African, and Hispanic ancestry, making it numerically perhaps the most common vascular cause of stroke in the world. Relatively little is known about the clinical significance of finding such lesions. We investigate whether the presence and the extent of these vascular lesions help predict outcome after stroke. Methods On the basis of transcranial Doppler of the intracranial arteries with supplementary duplex ultrasound of the carotid arteries, we determined the number of occlusive arteries in the craniocervical circulation of consecutive patients who were hospitalized for acute cerebral ischemia. Patients were followed for 6 months for further vascular events (including transient ischemic attack, stroke, and acute coronary syndrome) or death. Results Among 705 consecutive Chinese patients studied, occlusive arteries were found in 345 patients (49%): 258 patients (37%) had intracranial lesions only, 71 (10%) had both extracranial and intracranial lesions, and 16 (2.3%) had extracranial lesions only. Sixty-three (18%) of the 345 patients with occlusive arteries and 35 (9.7%) of the 360 patients without occlusive arteries had further vascular event or death within 6 months. The risk of vascular events or death increased rapidly with rising numbers of occlusive arteries, after adjustment for vascular risk factors and stroke severity (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.25 per occlusive artery, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.39). Other independent risk factors included age (OR 1.03 per year of age, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05) and atrial fibrillation (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.40 to 6.69). Conclusions In patients with predominantly intracranial large-artery occlusive disease, the presence and the total number of occlusive arteries in the craniocervical circulation predict further vascular events or death within 6 months after stroke. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound is an important investigation for the evaluation of patients with stroke in populations at risk of intracranial atherosclerotic disease.
Participant Retention in a Longitudinal National Telephone Survey of African American Men and Women.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to describe participant demographic factors related to retention, and to report on retention strategies in a national study of African Americans re-contacted 2.5 years after an initial baseline telephone interview. DESIGN & SETTING The Religion and Health in African Americans (RHIAA) study was originally developed as a cross-sectional telephone survey to examine relationships between religious involvement and health-related factors in a national sample of African Americans. The cohort was re-contacted on average of 2.5 years later for a follow-up interview. PARTICIPANTS RHIAA participants were 2,803 African American men (1,202) and women (1,601). INTERVENTIONS RHIAA used retention strategies consistent with recommendations from Hunt and White. Participants also received a lay summary of project findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Retention at the follow-up interview. RESULTS Retention rates ranged from 39%- 41%. Retained participants tended to be older and female. In age- and sex-adjusted analyses, retained participants were more educated, single, and in better health status than those not retained. There was no difference in religious involvement in adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS Although overall retention rates are lower than comparable longitudinal studies, RHIAA was not originally designed as a longitudinal study and so lacked a number of structures associated with long-term studies. However, this project illustrates the feasibility of conducting lengthy cold call telephone interviews with an African American population and helps to identify some participant factors related to retention and study strategies that may aid in retention.
Genetic diversity and population structure in the tomato-like nightshades Solanum lycopersicoides and S. sitiens.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Two closely related, wild tomato-like nightshade species, Solanum lycopersicoides and Solanum sitiens, inhabit a small area within the Atacama Desert region of Peru and Chile. Each species possesses unique traits, including abiotic and biotic stress tolerances, and can be hybridized with cultivated tomato. Conservation and utilization of these tomato relatives would benefit from an understanding of genetic diversity and relationships within and between populations. METHODS Levels of genetic diversity and population genetic structure were investigated by genotyping representative accessions of each species with a set of simple sequence repeat (SSR) and allozyme markers. KEY RESULTS As expected for self-incompatible species, populations of S. lycopersicoides and S. sitiens were relatively diverse, but contained less diversity than the wild tomato Solanum chilense, a related allogamous species native to this region. Populations of S. lycopersicoides were slightly more diverse than populations of S. sitiens according to SSRs, but the opposite trend was found with allozymes. A higher coefficient of inbreeding was noted in S. sitiens. A pattern of isolation by distance was evident in both species, consistent with the highly fragmented nature of the populations in situ. The populations of each taxon showed strong geographical structure, with evidence for three major groups, corresponding to the northern, central and southern elements of their respective distributions. CONCLUSIONS This information should be useful for optimizing regeneration strategies, for sampling of the populations for genes of interest, and for guiding future in situ conservation efforts.