Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHANDRA CLUSTER COSMOLOGY PROJECT. II. SAMPLES AND X-RAY DATA REDUCTION

We discuss the measurements of the galaxy cluster mass functions at z ≈ 0.05 and z ≈ 0.5 using high-quality Chandra observations of samples derived from the ROSAT PSPC All-Sky and 400 deg2 surveys. We provide a full reference for the data analysis procedures, present updated calibration of relations between the total cluster mass and its X-ray indicators (TX, Mgas, and YX) based on a subsample of low-z relaxed clusters, and present a first measurement of the evolving LX–Mtot relation (with Mtot estimated from YX) obtained from a well defined statistically complete cluster sample and with appropriate corrections for the Malmquist bias applied. Finally, we present the derived cluster mass functions, estimate the systematic uncertainties in this measurement, and discuss the calculation of the likelihood function. We confidently measure the evolution in the cluster comoving number density at a fixed mass threshold, e.g., by a factor of 5.0 ± 1.2 at M500 = 2.5 × 1014 h−1 M☉ between z = 0 and 0.5. This evolution reflects the growth of density perturbations, and can be used for the cosmological constraints complementing those from the distance–redshift relation.
The effect of OCB in relationship between personality, organizational commitment and job satisfaction on performance

The purpose of this paper is to know whether organizational citizenship behavior mediates the effects of personality, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. ,This research was conducted in the city of Makassar with the entire population being lecturer with the status from a permanent lecturer foundation. By using the Slovin formula, a sample of 295 respondents was obtained. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used as an inferential statistical analysis technique to test the hypothesis of the research. ,The results of the study found the mediating effect (indirect effect) of variable organizational citizenship behavior was found in between personality, organizational commitment and job satisfaction on performance, which thus indicates that the higher the personality, organizational commitment and job satisfaction the higher the performance, and if mediated, organizational citizenship behavior is also higher. ,Organizational citizenship behavior research has been conducted on student classroom and career success. Additionally, organizational citizenship behavior has been researched for a critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature, which has provided suggestions for future research. Thereby, on paper originality the variables shown to be used are personality, organization commitment, job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, and performance. Furthermore, the method used in this research is the SEM. The investigation was performed at two private colleges in Indonesian Muslim University and Muhammadiyah University Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, where no studies were conducted on the same topic previously.
Application of Business Niche in Strategic Management : A Study Based on Oriental Idea of Harmony *

Reviewing the business niche theory, this paper discusses the application in strategic management. Health of a company heavily depends on the harmony of its intra-ecology that has effect on strategy. Also the external surrounding is a significant factor which affects the company’s strategic choice. A strategy of dislocation development will reduce direct competition and enhance collaboration. A firm may choose appropriate strategy such as people-oriented policy and performance of corporate social responsibility to maintain the ecological balance of business and enhance its strategic advantage.
A Data-Driven Approach to Predict Default Risk of Loan for Online Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending

Online Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending has achieved explosive development recently, which could be beneficial to both sides of individual lending. In this study, a data mining (DM) approach to predict the performance of P2P loan before funded is proposed. Using data from the Lending Club, we explore the characteristics of loan and its applicant and use random forest to do the feature selection in the modeling phase. The Difference from other risk prediction models is that the prediction is classified into three or four categories, rather than just two the default and not default classes. Then we compare five DM models: two decision trees (DTs), two neural networks (NNs) and one support vector machine (SVM) and use two metrics: average percent hit rate and area of the lift cumulative curve to evaluate the prediction results. The Empirical result shows that the term of loan, annual income, the amount of loan, debt-to-income ratio, credit grade and revolving line utilization play an important role in loan defaults. And SVM, Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and Multi-layer perceptron (MPL)'s prediction performance are almost equal.
Higher-order semantics and extensionality

Abstract. In this paper we re-examine the semantics of classical higher-order logic with the purpose of clarifying the role of extensionality. To reach this goal, we distinguish nine classes of higher-order models with respect to various combinations of Boolean extensionality and three forms of functional extensionality. Furthermore, we develop a methodology of abstract consistency methods (by providing the necessary model existence theorems) needed to analyze completeness of (machine-oriented) higher-order calculi with respect to these model classes.
Predicting the performance of gridFTP transfers

Summary form only given. Replication is a technique in data grid environment that helps to reduce access latency and network bandwidth. Replication also increases data availability and thereby enhances the reliability of the system. Selecting the best replica depends on several factors such as past behavior of the transfer, current state of the network as well as the state of disk device. Here, we develop a predictive framework with a neural network that uses the data from various sources and predicts transfer bandwidth. We compare our results with regression models and demonstrate that the neural network technique outperforms the regression model based predictors for large file transfers.
The Effect of Whole Language Instruction on the Writing Development of Spanish-Speaking and English-Speaking Kindergartners

Abstract A year-long case study investigated the comparative effects of Whole Language-based instruction upon the writing development of eight Spanish-speaking kindergarten children and of eight Englishspeaking kindergarten children. Writing development was divided into three subsets of assessment: self-concept of students as writers, compositional literacy, and grapho-phonemic literacy. The study provided descriptive information to answer the following questions: (1) Will the use of Whole Language-based instruction have the same effects upon the writing development of Spanish-speaking kindergarten children as it will for English-speaking kindergarten children? (2) If the writing development of the Spanish group does differ from the writing development of the English group, to what extent does it differ? (3) In what areas of the writing development are the differences evident? Findings indicated that the writing skills of Spanish-speaking children in a Whole Language based program developed as well as the.
Performance and Reliability of Non-Markovian Heterogeneous Distributed Computing Systems

Average service time, quality-of-service (QoS), and service reliability associated with heterogeneous parallel and distributed computing systems (DCSs) are analytically characterized in a realistic setting for which tangible, stochastic communication delays are present with nonexponential distributions. The departure from the traditionally assumed exponential distributions for event times, such as task-execution times, communication arrival times and load-transfer delays, gives rise to a non-Markovian dynamical problem for which a novel age dependent, renewal-based distributed queuing model is developed. Numerical examples offered by the model shed light on the operational and system settings for which the Markovian setting, resulting from employing an exponential-distribution assumption on the event times, yields inaccurate predictions. A key benefit of the model is that it offers a rigorous framework for devising optimal dynamic task reallocation (DTR) policies systematically in heterogeneous DCSs by optimally selecting the fraction of the excess loads that need to be exchanged among the servers, thereby controlling the degree of cooperative processing in a DCSs. Key results on performance prediction and optimization of DCSs are validated using Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation as well as experiments on a distributed computing testbed. The scalability, in the number of servers, of the age-dependent model is studied and a linearly scalable analytical approximation is derived.
Density profiles of dark matter haloes: diversity and dependence on environment

We study the outer density profiles of dark matter haloes predicted by a generalized secondary infall model and observed in a dissipationless cosmological simulation of a low-density flat cold dark matter model with the cosmological constant. We find substantial systematic variations in shapes and concentrations of the halo profiles as well as a strong correlation of the profiles with the environment in which the haloes are embedded. In the N-body simulation, the average outer slope of the density profiles, β(ρ∝r-β), of isolated haloes is β≈2.9, and 68 per cent of these haloes have values of β between 2.5 and 3.8. Haloes in dense environments of clusters are more concentrated and exhibit a broad distribution of β with an average value higher than the average β for isolated haloes. For haloes located within half the virial radius of the cluster from the centre values β≈4 are very common. Contrary to what one may expect, the haloes contained within groups and galaxy systems are less concentrated and have flatter outer density profiles than the isolated haloes: the distribution of β peaks at ≈2.3–2.7. The slope β weakly anticorrelates with the halo mass Mh. The concentration decreases with Mh, but its scatter is roughly equal to the whole variation of this parameter in the galaxy halo mass range. The mass and circular velocity of the haloes are strongly correlated, , with α≈3.3 and ≈3.5 for the isolated haloes and haloes in clusters, respectively. For Mh≈1012 h-1 M⊙ the rms deviations from these relations are Δ log Mh=0.12 and 0.18, respectively. Approximately 30 per cent of the haloes are contained within larger haloes or have massive companions within three virial radii. The companions are allowed to have masses larger than ∼0.3 times the mass of the current halo. The remaining 70 per cent of the haloes are isolated objects. We find that the distribution of β as well as the concentration–mass and Mh–Vm relations for the isolated haloes agree very well with the predictions of our seminumerical approach, which is based on a generalization of the secondary infall model and on the extended Press–Schechter formalism.
Biochemical and Genetic Engineering of Diatoms for Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis

The role of diatoms as a source of bioactive compounds has been recently explored. Diatom cells store a high amount of fatty acids, especially certain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). However, many aspects of diatom metabolism and the production of PUFAs remain unclear. This review describes a number of technical strategies, such as modulation of environmental factors (temperature, light, chemical composition of culture medium) and culture methods, to influence the content of PUFAs in diatoms. Genetic engineering, a newly emerging field, also plays an important role in controlling the synthesis of fatty acids in marine microalgae. Several key points in the biosynthetic pathway of PUFAs in diatoms as well as recent progresses are also a critical part and are summarized here.
An Improved Sub-Packetization Bound for Minimum Storage Regenerating Codes

Distributed storage systems employ codes to provide resilience to failure of multiple storage disks. In particular, an (n, k) maximum distance separable (MDS) code stores k symbols in n disks such that the overall system is tolerant to a failure of up to n - k disks. However, access to at least k disks is still required to repair a single erasure. To reduce repair bandwidth, array codes are used where the stored symbols or packets are vectors of length ℓ. The MDS array codes have the potential to repair a single erasure using a fraction 1/(n - k) of data stored in the remaining disks. We introduce new methods of analysis, which capitalize on the translation of the storage system problem into a geometric problem on a set of operators and subspaces. In particular, we ask the following question: for a given (n, k), what is the minimum vector-length or subpacketization factor ℓ required to achieve this optimal fraction? For exact recovery of systematic disks in an MDS code of low redundancy, i.e., k/n > 1/2, the best known explicit codes have a subpacketization factor ℓ, which is exponential in k. It has been conjectured that for a fixed number of parity nodes, it is in fact necessary for ℓ to be exponential in k. In this paper, we provide a new log-squared converse bound on k for a given ℓ, and prove that k ≤ 2 log2 I(logδ ℓ + 1), for an arbitrary number of parity nodes r = n - k, where δ = r/(r - 1).
Manipulation of Lipid Rafts in Neuronal Cells

Lipid rafts are specialized plasma membrane micro-domains highly enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored proteins. Lipid rafts are thought to be located in the exofacial leaflet of plasma membranes. Functionally, lipid rafts are involved in intracellular trafficking of proteins and lipids, secretory and endocytotic pathways, signal transduction, inflammation and in cell-surface proteolysis. There has been substantial interest in lipid rafts in brain, both with respect to normal functioning and with certain neurodegenerative diseases. Based on the impact of lipid rafts on multitude biochemical pathways, modulation of lipid rafts is used to study related disease pathways and probably offers a target for pharmacological intervention. Lipid rafts can be targeted by modulation of its main components, namely cholesterol and sphingolipids. Other approaches include the modulation of membrane dynamics and it has been reported that protein-lipid interactions can vary the occurrence and composition of these membrane micro-domains. The present review summarizes the possibilities to modulate lipid rafts with focus on neuronal cells.
The Colin de Verdière graph parameter

In 1990, Y. Colin de Verdi ere introduced a new graph parameter (G), based on spectral properties of matrices associated with G. He showed that (G) is monotone under taking minors and that planarity of G is characterized by the inequality (G) 3. Recently Lov asz and Schrijver showed that linkless embeddability of G is characterized by the inequality (G) 4. In this paper we give an overview of results on (G) and of techniques to handle it. Contents
Measuring Commercial Bank Profitability: Proceed with Caution

The Federal tax code creates challenges for comparing the profit rates of different banks on a consistent basis. The earnings of banks that elect to operate under Subchapter S of the Federal tax code are not subject to the Federal corporate income tax, but S-bank shareholders are taxed on their pro rata share of the entire earnings of the bank. The number of banks electing Subchapter S tax treatment has increased rapidly, especially among small banks. Using estimates of the Federal corporate income tax that S-banks would pay if they were subject to the tax, this article shows that differences in the tax treatment of S-banks and other banks has a large impact on measures of U.S. banking system profitability. Further, the article shows that adjustment of S-bank earnings by estimates of Federal income taxes to make them comparable with the earnings of other banks can markedly affect conclusions of studies that use net income as a measure of performance. Finally, the article shows that S-banks tend to out-earn their peers even if S-bank earnings are reduced by estimated Federal taxes, and that S-banks also tend to have higher earnings rates than their peers in the year before they elect S-bank status.
HandsIn3D: augmenting the shared 3D visual space with unmediated hand gestures

Nowadays technologies used in equipment and machinery are becoming increasingly complex and ubiquitous. The technical complexities of the equipment often require specialized knowledge and expertise to operate and maintain. However, experts who have the required knowledge and expertise are not always locally available. When a machine breaks down, there is a need to arrange and fly an expert in and out to have the machine fixed, which can be time-consuming and is not cost effective. It is often seen that the lack of adequate skill sets and the cost of bringing an expert onsite translate to the loss in productivity [Alem et al. 2011]. Therefore, there is a high demand in industries for technologies that support remote collaboration in which a remote helper guides a local worker performing tasks on physical objects. With such technologies, the expert would no longer need to be flown onsite and is able to, for example, fix a machine remotely with assistance from a local technician.
Spin density wave selection in the one-dimensional Hubbard model

The Hartree - Fock ground-state phase diagram of the one-dimensional Hubbard model is calculated, constrained to uniform phases, which have no charge density modulation. The allowed solutions are saturated ferromagnetism (FM), a spiral spin density wave (SSDW) and a double spin density wave (DSDW). The DSDW phase comprises two canted interpenetrating antiferromagnetic sublattices. FM occurs for small filling, SSDW in most of the remainder of the phase diagram, and DSDW in a narrow tongue near quarter (and three-quarter) filling. Itinerant electrons lift the degeneracy with respect to canting angle in the DSDW. The Hartree - Fock states are metallic except at multiples of a quarter filling. Near half filling the uniform SSDW phase is unstable against phase separation into a half-filled antiferromagnetic phase and a hole-rich SSDW phase. The dependence of the ground-state wave number on chemical potential is conjectured to be a staircase. Comparison is made with higher-dimensional Hubbard models and the Heisenberg model.
Ergodic Randomized Algorithms and Dynamics Over Networks

Algorithms and dynamics over networks often involve randomization and randomization can induce oscillating dynamics that fail to converge in a deterministic sense. Under assumptions of independence across time and linearity of the updates, we show that the oscillations are ergodic if the expected dynamics is stable. We apply this result to three problems of network systems, namely, the estimation from relative measurements, the PageRank computation, and the dynamics of opinions in social networks. In these applications, the randomized dynamics is the asynchronous counterpart of a deterministic (stable) synchronous one. By ergodicity, the deterministic limit can be recovered via a time-averaging operation, which can be performed locally by each node of the network.
Spectrophotometric and Weak Lensing Survey of a Supercluster and Typical Field Region. I. Spectroscopic Redshift Measurements

We present results from a spectroscopic study of ~4000 galaxies in a ~6.2 deg2 field in the direction of the Aquarius supercluster and a smaller typical field region in Cetus, down to R < 19.5. Galaxy redshifts were measured using the Two Degree Field system on the Anglo-Australian Telescope and form part of our wider efforts to conduct a spectrophotometric and weak gravitational lensing study of these regions. At the magnitude limit of the survey, we are capable of probing L* galaxies out to z ~ 0.4. We construct median spectra as a function of various survey parameters as a diagnostic of the quality of the sample. We use the redshift data to identify galaxy clusters and groups within the survey volume. In the Aquarius region, we find a total of 48 clusters and groups, of which 26 are previously unknown systems, and in Cetus we find 14 clusters and groups, of which 12 are new. We estimate centroid redshifts and velocity dispersions for all these systems. In the Aquarius region, we see a superposition of two strong superclusters at z = 0.08 and 0.11, both of which have estimated masses and overdensities similar to those in the Corona Borealis supercluster.
Construct Validity Evidence for Multisource Performance Ratings: Is Interrater Reliability Enough?

As organizations become decentralized and work becomes team based, organizations are adopting performance management practices that integrate employees’ performance information from multiple perspectives (e.g., 360-degree performance ratings). Both arguments for and against the use of performance ratings presented in the focal article focused on rater agreement (or lack thereof) as evidence supporting the position that multisource ratings are a useful (or not a useful) approach to performance appraisal. In the argument for the use of multisource ratings, Adler, Campion, and Grubb (Adler et al., 2016) point out that multisource ratings are advantageous because they lead to increased interrater reliability in the ratings. Although Adler and colleagues were not explicit about why this would be true, proponents of multisource ratings often cite the measurement theory assumption that increasing the number of raters will yield more valid and reliable scores to the extent that there is any correlation in the ratings (Shrout & Fleiss, 1979). In the argument against the use of multisource performance ratings, Colquitt, Murphy, and Ollander-Krane argued that because multisource ratings pool together ratings from raters who are systematically different in terms of their roles and perspectives about the target employee's performance, the increased number of raters is not expected to resolve the low level of interrater agreement that is typically observed in performance ratings (Viswesvaran, Ones, & Schmidt, 1996).