Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moving toward a recovery-oriented approach in the Swedish mental health system—an interview study of Personligt Ombud in Sweden

Introduction: Personligt Ombud (PO) is a Swedish version of case management (CM) which was established with the Swedish Mental Health Reform in 1995. The main purpose of POs is to ensure that people with psychiatric disabilities receive the services needed to live an independent life in the community and to coordinate these services. Studies have shown that POs provide more support than this and it was interesting to investigate this further. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore what supportive strategies Personligt Ombuds (POs) use in their work with the clients who have PO support. Method: To obtain extensive descriptions of strategies that POs use in work, POs from different parts of Sweden were chosen and asked to participate in the study and 22 POs agreed to participate. The interviews were conducted over the telephone. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings: The findings of the study were reflected in a main category where PO could be described as a facilitator of an active changing process, where the clients make their personal changes in life, based on personal active choices. POs used several strategies, such as defining goals, acting to push the client forward, acting as mentors, strengthening the client and mobilizing external resources. Conclusion: Many of the strategies POs used are similar to strategies in recovery-oriented services and, in particular, in Strengths Model Case Management. However, there are strategies that POs could develop to be even more recovery-oriented. There is a lack of systematic review of the strengths of a client, and this could be solved by using an already existing assessment instrument like the one in the Strengths Model Case Management.
The Influence of Major Depressive Disorder on Objective and Subjective Social Support: A Prospective Study

The impact of persistent depression on social support (SS) is not well known. In the Vantaa Depression Study (VDS), 193 patients with DSM-IV MDD were interviewed at baseline, at 6 and 18 months. Objective SS was measured with the Interview Measure of Social Relationships (IMSR), and subjective SS with the Perceived Social Support Scale-Revised (PSSS-R); the influence of time spent in major depressive episodes (MDEs) on SS at 18 months was investigated. Low objective SS was independently predicted by low baseline objective SS, male gender, and longer time spent in MDEs; low subjective SS by longer time spent in MDEs and lower baseline subjective SS. Along with clinical improvement, subjective SS improved but objective SS did not. The persistence of MDD seems to weaken both objective and subjective SS. Whether this results in progressively weakening objective and subjective SS, and thereby lowers the threshold for future depressive episodes, should be further investigated.
Differentiation and High-Stakes Testing: An Oxymoron?

Is meeting diverse learning needs through differentiation incompatible with the high-stakes testing that is now a way of life for many teachers and students across the nation? Recognizing that testing is here to stay for the foreseeable future, this article considers ways to bring differentiation and high-stakes testing together for the benefit of all learners. The article begins with a review of the importance of attending to individual learning needs, and then discusses conflicts that arise when attention to learner needs collides with attention to high stakes tests. The article defines key skills demonstrated by teachers who effectively differentiate curriculum and instruction, and shares data illustrating one teacher's success in enhancing student performance on high stakes tests. The author suggests actions that educators may take to facilitate differentiation when accountability mandates threaten to undermine the personal nature of education.
Curriculum issues in national policy-making

SUMMARY This discussion of curriculum issues in national policy making is based on the findings of thematic reviews of early childhood education and care, carried out by expert teams in twenty OECD countries. Much consensus is found across the countries reviewed in terms of curricular principles and aspirations, and with regard to official content, Differences emerge, however, in the practice of curriculum, especially with respect to the emphasis placed on broad developmental goals or on focused cognitive skills. From this and other characteristic differences, two broad approaches to curriculum and pedagogy can be discerned: the approach adopted in the social pedagogy tradition and the traditional pre-primary school approach. The broad features of each system are described, but a caveat is raised about excessive contrasts being drawn as exceptions to the rule are found in each tradition. Major obstacles to curriculum quality and implementation met commonly across countries are structural failings (lack of financing, unfavourable child/staff ratios, poorly qualified and poorly remunerated staff…) and inadequate pedagogical theory and practice. Against this background, three emerging issues are discussed: accountability and the new learning standards; the expansion of literacy practices and the re-positioning of educators in the early childhood field. Some options for progress are proposed for consideration.
Behavioral Coaching in Classical Ballet

A review of the literature indicates the usefulness of operant methods to develop or enhance sports skills. This study extended the use of this approach to the acquisition of correct ballet skills by four subjects in a ballet class. Using a single case design, behavioral coaching was compared to the ballet instructor's method. Four ballet barre exercises (degage, frappe, developpe, and grand battement) were selected as the dependent variables. Execution of all four ballet skills increased from an average of 13% under the ballet instructor's method to a performance of 88% under the behavioral coaching. These results indicate that behavioral procedures are applicable to modifying artistic and creative behaviors such as those found in the fine arts.
African American College Students' Perceptions of Their High School Literacy Preparation

Upon entering college, some African American students experience difficulty with literacy tasks requiring text analysis, active problem solving, and critical thinking. Many of these difficulties can be traced to the high school as the source. To understand some of the underlying causes for this situation, phenomenological interviews were conducted with eleven first-year African American college students to examine their high school preparation. The students' reflections offer three key findings that have implications for strengthening college-level literacy: (a) students often perceive their literacy preparation as inadequate; (b) students believe that teachers' assumptions about them impact their academic self perception; and (c) students actively developed academic strategies to remain successful.
A novel thermal optimization flow using incremental floorplanning for 3D ICs

Thermal issue is a critical challenge in 3D IC design. To eliminate hotspots, physical layouts are always adjusted by shifting or duplicating hot blocks. However, these modifications may degrade the packing area as well as interconnect distribution greatly. In this paper, we propose some novel thermal-aware incremental changes to optimize these multiple objectives including thermal issue in 3D ICs. Furthermore, to avoid random incremental modification, which may be inefficient and need long runtime to converge, here potential gain is modeled for each candidate incremental change. Based on the potential gain, a novel thermal optimization flow to intelligently choose the best incremental operation is presented. We distinguish the thermal-aware incremental changes in three different categories: migrating computation, growing unit and moving hotspot. Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) models are devised according to these different incremental changes. Experimental results show that migrating computation, growing unit and moving hotspot can reduce max on-chip temperature by 7%, 13% and 15% respectively on MCNC/GSRC benchmarks. Still, experimental results also show that the thermal optimization flow can reduce max on-chip temperature by 14% compared to an existing 3D floorplan tool CBA, and achieve better area and total wirelength improvement than individual operations do.
On the hierarchy of functioning rules in distributed computing

In previous papers, we used a Markovian model to determine the optimal functioning rules of a distributed system in various settings. Searching optimal functioning rules amounts to solve an optimization problem under constraints. The hierarchy of solutions arising from the above problem is called the " first order hierarchy", and may possibly yield equivalent solutions. The present paper emphasizes a specific technique for deciding between two equivalent solutions, which establishes the " second order hierarchy".
Kinetics of D-dimer after general surgery

D-dimers may be elevated after surgery. However, the kinetics of postoperative D-dimers remains unknown hampering the use of D-dimer testing in surgical patients with suspected venous thromboembolism. D-dimer levels were prospectively measured in 154 patients after general surgery at predefined time points (kinetics were determined in an initial cohort of 108 patients; for validation, these findings were applied to a second cohort of 46 patients). Clinical factors influencing the peak of D-dimers were analyzed using multivariate regression. Surgical operations were stratified based on severity (type I: not entering abdominal cavity; type II: intraabdominal; type III: retroperitoneal/liver surgery). D-dimer levels increased postoperatively reaching a peak on day 7. After type I surgery, peak D-dimer levels did not exceed normal range (300 ng/ml, 100–500). After type II procedures, peak D-dimer level was 1500 ng/ml (200–7800) and returned to normal values after 25 days (±14). Peak level was 4000 ng/ml (500–14 400) after type III surgery normalizing within 38 days (±11). Clearance of D-dimer was exponential after having reached the peak with 6.0% per day (95% confidence interval 4.8–7.1%). By this clearance, D-dimer values could be adequately predicted in the validation cohort after day 7 (r2 = 0.63). Peak D-dimer levels were independently influenced by the type of surgery (P < 0.001), the operation time (P < 0.001) and by preoperatively elevated D-dimer levels (P < 0.001). Based on this data, duration of postoperative D-dimer elevation after abdominal surgery is predictable. This study indicates for the first time when D-dimers may be used again in the diagnostic algorithm for venous thromboembolism exclusion after surgery in patients with low or moderate clinical probability.
A Discourse Analysis of Online Dialogs in Social Work Diversity Courses

Abstract Online discussions can extend learning experiences beyond the time and space of the classroom, allowing students more time to process information, and an additional mode of expression for those who are less active in open classroom discussions. They may be especially appropriate for teaching sensitive or controversial subject matter such as oppression and diversity, which is required by the Council on Social Work Education. This study investigated topical themes, depth, and tone of online dialogs in social work diversity courses at two universities in the mid-Atlantic area. Discourse analysis-a type of content analysis-is employed to gain a deeper understanding of the learning experience, and to compare the impact of anonymous and identified participation in the dialogs.
An automated quasi-continuous capillary refill timing device

Capillary refill time (CRT) is a simple means of cardiovascular assessment which is widely used in clinical care. Currently, CRT is measured through manual assessment of the time taken for skin tone to return to normal colour following blanching of the skin surface. There is evidence to suggest that manually assessed CRT is subject to bias from ambient light conditions, a lack of standardisation of both blanching time and manually applied pressure, subjectiveness of return to normal colour, and variability in the manual assessment of time. We present a novel automated system for CRT measurement, incorporating three components: a non-invasive adhesive sensor incorporating a pneumatic actuator, a diffuse multi-wavelength reflectance measurement device, and a temperature sensor; a battery operated datalogger unit containing a self contained pneumatic supply; and PC based data analysis software for the extraction of refill time, patient skin surface temperature, and sensor signal quality. Through standardisation of the test, it is hoped that some of the shortcomings of manual CRT can be overcome. In addition, an automated system will facilitate easier integration of CRT into electronic record keeping and clinical monitoring or scoring systems, as well as reducing demands on clinicians. Summary analysis of volunteer (n = 30) automated CRT datasets are presented, from 15 healthy adults and 15 healthy children (aged from 5 to 15 years), as their arms were cooled from ambient temperature to 5°C. A more detailed analysis of two typical datasets is also presented, demonstrating that the response of automated CRT to cooling matches that of previously published studies.
Interaction of Epe1 With the Heterochromatin Assembly Pathway in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Epe1 is a JmjC domain protein that antagonizes heterochromatization in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Related JmjC domain proteins catalyze a histone demethylation reaction that depends on Fe(II) and α-ketoglutarate. However, no detectable demethylase activity is associated with Epe1, and its JmjC domain lacks conservation of Fe(II)-binding residues. We report that Swi6 recruits Epe1 to heterochromatin and that overexpression of epe1+, like mutations in silencing genes or overexpression of swi6+, upregulates expression of certain genes. A significant overlap was observed between the lists of genes that are upregulated by overexpression of epe1+ and those that are upregulated by mutations in histone deacetylase genes. However, most of the common genes are not regulated by Clr4 histone methyltransferase. This suggests that Epe1 interacts with the heterochromatin assembly pathway at the stage of histone deacetylation. Mutational inactivation of Epe1 downregulates ∼12% of S. pombe genes, and the list of these genes overlaps significantly with the lists of genes that are upregulated by mutations in silencing genes and genes that are hyperacetylated at their promoter regions in clr6-1 mutants. We propose that an interplay between the repressive HDACs activity and Epe1 helps to regulate gene expression in S. pombe.
King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) Venom L-Amino Acid Oxidase Induces Apoptosis in PC-3 Cells and Suppresses PC-3 Solid Tumor Growth in a Tumor Xenograft Mouse Model

King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) venom L-amino acid oxidase (OH-LAAO), a heat stable enzyme, has been shown to exhibit very potent anti-proliferative activity against human breast and lung tumorigenic cells but not in their non-tumorigenic counterparts. We further examine its in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity in a human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) model. OH-LAAO demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against PC-3 cells with IC50 of 0.05 µg/mL after 72 h incubation in vitro. It induced apoptosis as evidenced with an increase in caspase-3/7 cleavages and an increase in annexin V-stained cells. To examine its in vivo anti-tumor activity, we treated PC-3 tumor xenograft implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient NU/NU (nude) mice with 1 µg/g OH-LAAO given intraperitoneally (i.p.). After 8 weeks of treatment, OH-LAAO treated PC-3 tumors were markedly inhibited, when compared to the control group (P <0.05). TUNEL staining analysis on the tumor sections showed a significantly increase of apoptotic cells in the LAAO-treated animals. Histological examinations of the vital organs in these two groups showed no significant differences with normal tissues, indicating no obvious tissue damage. The treatment also did not cause any significant changes on the body weight of the mice during the duration of the study. These observations suggest that OH-LAAO cytotoxic effects may be specific to tumor xenografts and less to normal organs. Given its potent anti-tumor activities shown in vitro as well as in vivo, the king cobra venom LAAO can potentially be developed to treat prostate cancer and other solid tumors.
Self-Reported Violent Offending

Serious violent offenders are identified on the basis of self-reported involvement in violent FBI Index Offenses from a large representative sample of adolescents in the United States. The study involves a longitudinal prospective design with five annual waves of data on this national youth panel. Estimates of four basic parameters of violent offending are presented: prevalence rates, individual offending rates, career lengths, and crime mix patterns. These estimates are then compared to estimates based upon official arrest data. Self-reported estimates are substantially greater than those based upon arrest data, suggesting that those arrested for serious violent offenses constitute only a fraction of youth actually involved in serious violent behavior. The analysis also indicated that compared to self-reported data, arrest data overstate the magnitude of sex, race, and age differentials in the prevalence of serious violent offending. Further, self-reported individual offending rates were also substantially greater than those based upon arrest history data and there were no significant differences in self-reported individual offending rates by sex, race, class, or age. These findings suggest that prisoners incarcerated for serious violent offenses are not representative of those in the general population who are involved in serious violent offenses. The analysis of career length and crime mix patterns suggested that the period of involvement in violent offending was short (one year), individual offending rates increased with time, and the crime mix pattern became more diversified with time in the career.
Tribal Social Instincts and the Cultural Evolution of Institutions to Solve Collective Action Problems

Human social life is uniquely complex and diverse. Much of that complexity consists of culturally transmitted ideas and skills that underpin the operation of institutions that structure our social life. Considerable theoretical and empirical work has been devoted to the role of cultural evolutionary processes in the evolution of institutions. The most persistent controversy has been over the role of cultural group selection and gene-culture coevolution in early human populations the Pleistocene. We argue that cultural group selection and related cultural evolutionary processes had an important role in shaping the innate components of our social psychology. By the Upper Paleolithic humans seem to have lived in societies structured by institutions, as do modern populations living in simple societies. The most ambitious attempts to test these ideas have been the use of experimental games in field settings to document human similarities and differences on theoretically interesting dimensions. These studies have documented a huge range of behavior cross-culturally, although no societies so far examined follow the expectations of selfish rationality. These data are at least consistent with operation of cultural group selection and gene-culture coevolution operating in the deep tribal past and with the contemporary importance of cultural evolution in the evolution of institutions and institutional diversity.
Dynamics of milk removal during simultaneous breast expression in women.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the dynamics of milk removal during breast expression. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study used a continuous weighing balance to determine changes in milk flow rate and their relationship to the proportion of milk removed over time and the percentage of the available milk removed during simultaneous expression (15 minutes) of the left and right breasts in 34 mothers of healthy, term, breastfeeding infants. RESULTS Multiple milk ejections (5.1±2.0; range, two to 14) were detected as increases in milk flow rate. A larger total expression volume was associated with a higher maximum milk flow rate (p<0.001). However, 14% less of the available milk was removed for a 100 g increase in available milk (p<0.001). After 2.9±1.4 and 6.0±2.5 minutes, 50% and 80%, respectively, of the total expression volume was removed. Milk flow was more active in the first 7 minutes than the last 7 minutes. At the eighth minute (midpoint), 54±25% of the available milk and 86±9% of the total expression volume were removed. CONCLUSIONS The maximum milk flow rate was predictive of the total volume expressed. After the eighth minute of expression the milk flow rate was reduced. Increasing volumes of milk in the breast were associated with less complete breast emptying. These data suggest that long expression sessions are not required for mothers who are not pump dependent and that extending intervals between expressions results in less effective milk removal.
Levels of Differentiation and Marital Egalitarianism in Men who Batter

Abstract This study examined male-to-female partner violence using the concepts of Bowen's theory of differentiation and Feminist theory. Participants in this study included 133 men from various men's groups. The findings support the hypothesis that lower levels of self-control, less marital egalitarianism and higher levels of partner fusion are associated with an increased use of violent conflict tactics. Further regression analyses were conducted in which anger management groups were compared to all other participants. A low level of marital egalitarianism emerged as a significant predictor of violence for the Anger Group, but not for the Comparison Group.
Determining the ecotoxicological mode of action of toxic chemicals in meiobenthic marine organisms: stage-specific short tests with Tisbe battagliai

A short-term Tisbe battagliai toxicity test design was used to assess the potential eco- logical effects of pollutants in coastal marine communities. By exposing nauplii and reproductive females over 4 and 6 d, respectively, to 3 toxic substances (fluoranthene, cypermethin and delta- methrin), the bioassay was seen to successfully measure survival effects on egg, nauplii and adults and sublethal effects on food acquisition and clutch size. Predictive consequences of toxic exposure at population level was estimated in terms of reproductive success, by integrating effects on adult survival and reproductive performance over the studied exposure period. Fluoranthene exposure reduced feeding rate and clutch size at concentrations below those affecting survival and population responses. For cypermethrin, survival, sublethal and reproductive success concentration effects were of a similar magnitude. For deltamethrin adult and nauplii survival, clutch size and reproductive suc- cess were equally affected at concentrations which were lower than those affecting feeding and egg survival. Responses to contaminated algae showed a different pattern, with toxicant effects only on nauplii survival and reproductive success, and under exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. Thus, dif- ferences in the dominant ecotoxicological modes of action, in terms of the balance between survival and sublethal responses with potential effects at the population level, could be successfully assessed using this short-term bioassay. These results have important implications for risk assessment in estu- arine and coastal waters because with relatively short-term, and thus cost-effective tests, the func- tional relationship between effects on survival, feeding and reproduction rates and concentration can be determined.