Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tensor Rank Estimation and Completion via CP-based Nuclear Norm

Tensor completion (TC) is a challenging problem of recovering missing entries of a tensor from its partial observation. One main TC approach is based on CP/Tucker decomposition. However, this approach often requires the determination of a tensor rank a priori. This rank estimation problem is difficult in practice. Several Bayesian solutions have been proposed but they often under/over-estimate the tensor rank while being quite slow. To address this problem of rank estimation with missing entries, we view the weight vector of the orthogonal CP decomposition of a tensor to be analogous to the vector of singular values of a matrix. Subsequently, we define a new CP-based tensor nuclear norm as the $L_1$-norm of this weight vector. We then propose Tensor Rank Estimation based on $L_1$-regularized orthogonal CP decomposition (TREL1) for both CP-rank and Tucker-rank. Specifically, we incorporate a regularization with CP-based tensor nuclear norm when minimizing the reconstruction error in TC to automatically determine the rank of an incomplete tensor. Experimental results on both synthetic and real data show that: 1) Given sufficient observed entries, TREL1 can estimate the true rank (both CP-rank and Tucker-rank) of incomplete tensors well; 2) The rank estimated by TREL1 can consistently improve recovery accuracy of decomposition-based TC methods; 3) TREL1 is not sensitive to its parameters in general and more efficient than existing rank estimation methods.
Control of HIV Infection Dynamics

This article describes a drug scheduling method based on a reduced-order model, which does not require estimates of all of the parameters and states of the full-order model. To this end, we divide the full-order model into two subsystems, one of which is modified to approximate the full-order model. We show that the suggested method drives the HIV patient state into the LTNP region of attraction. This article is organized as follows. First, the problem under consideration is formulated, and a description of the HIV infection model is provided. Then, measurement methods for the states of the HIV model are surveyed. Subsequently the HIV infection model is modified to yield a reduced-order model. Finally, two control strategies based on this modified model are presented along with simulation results. The article concludes with a discussion and ideas for future work.
Comparison of Scoring Approaches for the NEI VFQ-25 in Low Vision

Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate different approaches to scoring the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) in patients with low vision including scoring by the standard method, by Rasch analysis, and by use of an algorithm created by Massof to approximate Rasch person measure. Subscale validity and use of a 7-item short form instrument proposed by Ryan et al. were also investigated. Methods. NEI VFQ-25 data from 50 patients with low vision were analyzed using the standard method of summing Likert-type scores and calculating an overall average, Rasch analysis using Winsteps software, and the Massof algorithm in Excel. Correlations between scores were calculated. Rasch person separation reliability and other indicators were calculated to determine the validity of the subscales and of the 7-item instrument. Results. Scores calculated using all three methods were highly correlated, but evidence of floor and ceiling effects was found with the standard scoring method. None of the subscales investigated proved valid. The 7-item instrument showed acceptable person separation reliability and good targeting and item performance. Conclusions. Although standard scores and Rasch scores are highly correlated, Rasch analysis has the advantages of eliminating floor and ceiling effects and producing interval-scaled data. The Massof algorithm for approximation of the Rasch person measure performed well in this group of low-vision patients. The validity of the subscales VFQ-25 should be reconsidered.
A low-effort, clinic-wide intervention improves attendance for HIV primary care.

BACKGROUND Retention in care for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is a National HIV/AIDS Strategy priority. We hypothesized that retention could be improved with coordinated messages to encourage patients' clinic attendance. We report here the results of the first phase of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Health Resources and Services Administration Retention in Care project. METHODS Six HIV-specialty clinics participated in a cross-sectionally sampled pretest-posttest evaluation of brochures, posters, and messages that conveyed the importance of regular clinic attendance. 10,018 patients in 2008-2009 (preintervention period) and 11,039 patients in 2009-2010 (intervention period) were followed up for clinic attendance. Outcome variables were the percentage of patients who kept 2 consecutive primary care visits and the mean proportion of all primary care visits kept. Stratification variables were: new, reengaging, and active patients, HIV RNA viral load, CD4 cell count, age, sex, race or ethnicity, risk group, number of scheduled visits, and clinic site. Data were analyzed by multivariable log-binomial and linear models using generalized estimation equation methods. RESULTS Clinic attendance for primary care was significantly higher in the intervention versus preintervention year. Overall relative improvement was 7.0% for keeping 2 consecutive visits and 3.0% for the mean proportion of all visits kept (P < .0001). Larger relative improvement for both outcomes was observed for new or reengaging patients, young patients and patients with elevated viral loads. Improved attendance among the new or reengaging patients was consistent across the 6 clinics, and less consistent across clinics for active patients. CONCLUSION Targeted messages on staying in care, which were delivered at minimal effort and cost, improved clinic attendance, especially for new or reengaging patients, young patients, and those with elevated viral loads.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Tissue Transglutaminase as a Biochemical Marker for Alzheimer's Disease

Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is an indicator of acute cell death in vitro. An increase in tTG protein level is found in postmortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains as well as in Huntington's disease. No study revealed tTG in vivo so far. We investigated the concentrations of tTG in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from 84 patients using ELISA assays. We compared 33 patients with probable AD to 18 patients with probable vascular dementia (VaD) and 33 control patients without neuropsychological deficit. Diagnosis was supported by CSF parameter and neuroimaging. We found a highly significant difference (P = 0.001) between the concentration of tTG in the AD groups (7.58 pg/ml) and controls (2.99 pg/ml). There was no statistical difference between controls and VaD (2.93 pg/ml). Interestingly, tTG did not show an association with tau protein, Abeta42, apoE4, neuropsychological items, or age. Males showed lower tTG values than females; however, this difference did not reach statistical significance. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that tTG is increased in AD in vivo. Our results suggest that tTG may be a powerful biochemical marker of the acute degenerating process in vivo. It may serve as completion of CSF analysis in the diagnosis of dementing disorders and may be a simple way of assessing the efficacy of possible new antiapoptotic drugs.
A longitudinal study of the links between temperamental shyness, activity, and trajectories of internalising problems from infancy to middle childhood

Abstract The current study examines the combined effects of temperamental activity and shyness on the growth in children's internalising problems from infancy to middle childhood. Participants were n = 921 parents from a population‐based longitudinal sample in Norway. Mothers reported child temperamental traits and internalising problems when children were 1.5, 2.5, 4.5, and 8.5-years old. Shyness (but not activity) was found to predict increased internalising behaviour across all time points. Temperamental interaction effects were also observed and activity level appeared to act as a protective factor in the development of internalising problems for shy boys, but not for shy girls. Results are discussed in terms of gender‐specific relational mechanisms and processes that may occur between infancy and 8.5-years of age.
Phonological Recoding in the First and Second Language Reading of Skilled Bilinguals.

This study investigated phonological recoding in reading by highly skilled English and French bilinguals. Bilinguals with approximately equal reading rates in their first (L1) and second (L2) languages and bilinguals with significantly slower rates in L2 than in L1 participated in lexical decision and sentence verification tasks in each language with stimuli designed to assess sensitivity to the phonological properties of words. The results suggested that: (1) in general, slow L2 readers were not more dependent upon phonological recoding than were fast L2 readers; (2) for slow readers, L2 presented a heavier processing load in working memory than it did for fast readers; and (3) there exist different phonological effects specific to English and French.
Guanosine diphosphatase is required for protein and sphingolipid glycosylation in the Golgi lumen of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Current models for nucleotide sugar use in the Golgi apparatus predict a critical role for the lumenal nucleoside diphosphatase. After transfer of sugars to endogenous macromolecular acceptors, the enzyme converts nucleoside diphosphates to nucleoside monophosphates which in turn exit the Golgi lumen in a coupled antiporter reaction, allowing entry of additional nucleotide sugar from the cytosol. To test this model, we cloned the gene for the S. cerevisiae guanosine diphosphatase and constructed a null mutation. This mutation should reduce the concentrations of GDP-mannose and GMP and increase the concentration of GDP in the Golgi lumen. The alterations should in turn decrease mannosylation of proteins and lipids in this compartment. In fact, we found a partial block in O- and N-glycosylation of proteins such as chitinase and carboxypeptidase Y and underglycosylation of invertase. In addition, mannosylinositolphosphorylceramide levels were drastically reduced.
Cardiac Rehabilitation Patient and Organizational Factors: What Keeps Patients in Programs?

Background Despite documented benefits of cardiac rehabilitation, adherence to programs is suboptimal with an average dropout rate of between 24% and 50%. The goal of this study was to identify organizational and patient factors associated with cardiac rehabilitation adherence. Methods and Results Facilities of the Wisconsin Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcomes Registry Project (N=38) were surveyed and records of 4412 enrolled patients were analyzed. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for clustering of patients within facilities. The results show that organizational factors associated with significantly increased adherence were relaxation training and diet classes (group and individual formats) and group‐based psychological counseling, medication counseling, and lifestyle modification, the medical director's presence in the cardiac rehabilitation activity area for ≥15 min/week, assessment of patient satisfaction, adequate space, and adequate equipment. Patient factors associated with significantly increased adherence were aged ≥65 years, the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR) high‐risk category, having received coronary artery bypass grafting, and diabetes disease. Non‐white race was negatively associated with adherence. There was no significant gender difference in adherence. None of the baseline patient clinical profiles were associated with adherence including body mass index, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and blood pressure. Conclusions Factors associated with adherence to cardiac rehabilitation included both organizational and patient factors. Modifiable organizational factors may help directors of cardiac rehabilitation programs improve patient adherence to this beneficial program.
Prototipos de liderazgo masculino y femenino en población militar

The goal of the study was to identify masculine and feminine prototypes of effective leadership in military population. Data included 262 individuals, 69,5% (n = 182) male and 30,5% (n = 80) female (age average = 25,62 years). 66% of the participants directed other persons and 34% were subordinates. Data collection was carried out administering a survey designed ad-hoc. Participants were requested to name two effective leaders (man and woman) and to justify their election. They mainly identified male leaders with military people belonging not only to current military population but also those recognized because of their heroic feats. In relation with female leaders, subjects identified religious people, militaries belonging to current military population and politicians. We found differences in assigned characteristics to both prototypes.
Citizenship and Higher Education the Role of Universities in Communities and Society

1. Introduction, "James Arthur" 2. Student Character in British Universities, "James Arthur" 3. Universities of Character, "Charles L. Glenn" 4. Community, Service Learning and Higher Education in the UK, "John Annette" 5. Searching for a Moral North Star during the College Years, "Arthur Schwartz" 6. Citizenship and Higher Education in the UK," John Annette and Terence McLoughlin" 7. Schooling for Desire, "Karen E. Bohlin" 8. The Character of Higher Education, "Dennis Hayes "9. Developing Citizenship Through International Exchanges, "Ian Davies", "Mark Evans, Peter Cunningham, Gunilla Fredicksson, Graham Pike, Hanns-Fred Rathenow, Alan Sears, Felicitas Tesch, and Pam Whitty "10. Textual Apologism or Dissent? Ethical Dilemmas for Academics in Managerialist Times, "Martin Thrupp "
Treating Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Abstract Research on the treatment of eating disorders is a relatively new field, dating back approximately 20 years (Peterson & Mitchell, 1999). The purpose of this article is to describe the most widely used treatments for anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and review the existing literature on the effectiveness of the identified treatments. Specifically, this article examines the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy, family therapy, interpersonal therapy, and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of AN and BN. Each of the reviewed treatment modalities has some level of effectiveness, either alone or in conjunction with another treatment approach, in treating either AN or BN.
An I-P-O model of team goal, leader goal orientation, team cohesiveness, and team effectiveness

An I-P-O Model of Team Goal, Leader Goal Orientation, Team Cohesiveness, and Team Effectiveness. (December 2005) Chien-Feng Yu, B.A., Virginia Military Institute; M.B.A., University of Wisconsin at Madison Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Christopher Porter Based on a proposed input-process-output model of team goal, leader goal orientation, team cohesion, and team effectiveness, this study examined the influences of the leader trait goal orientation on the relationships between team goals and team cohesion. Results from 73 five-person teams working on an interdependent command and control simulation game indicated that team learning goal positively relates to team viability. Social cohesion mediates the effects of a team learning goal on team viability. In addition, the leader’s learning orientation moderates the effect of a team learning goal on team task cohesion. Results of supplementary analyses are also presented. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, as well as possible limitations and directions for
Should treatment of (sub)acute low back pain be aimed at psychosocial prognostic factors? Cluster randomised clinical trial in general practice

Abstract Objective To compare the effects of a minimal intervention strategy aimed at assessment and modification of psychosocial prognostic factors and usual care for treatment of (sub)acute low back pain in general practice. Design Cluster randomised clinical trial. Setting 60 general practitioners in 41 general practices. Participants 314 patients with non-specific low back pain of less than 12 weeks' duration, recruited by their general practitioner. Interventions In the minimal intervention strategy group the general practitioner explored the presence of psychosocial prognostic factors, discussed these factors, set specific goals for reactivation, and provided an educational booklet. The consultation took about 20 minutes. Usual care was not standardised. Main outcome measures Functional disability (Roland-Morris disability questionnaire), perceived recovery, and sick leave because of low back pain assessed at baseline and after 6, 13, 26, and 52 weeks. Results The dropout rate was 8% in the minimal intervention strategy group and 9% in the usual care group. Multilevel analyses showed no significant differences between the groups on any outcome measure during 12 months of follow-up in the whole group or in relevant subgroups (patients with high scores on psychosocial measures at baseline or a history of frequent or prolonged low back pain). Conclusion This study provides no evidence that (Dutch) general practitioners should adopt our new treatment strategy aimed at psychosocial prognostic factors in patients with (sub)acute low back pain. Further research should examine why our new strategy was not more effective than usual care.
The Playful Advantage: How Playfulness Enhances Coping with Stress

Research on playfulness has long focused on children, while the study of its expression in adulthood has only recently been undertaken. This cross-sectional study investigated the interrelationship between playfulness in young adults, perceived stress, and styles of coping with 898 students from three universities. Findings revealed that playful individuals reported lower levels of perceived stress than their less playful counterparts, and more frequently utilized adaptive, stressor-focused coping strategies and were less likely to employ negative, avoidant, and escape-oriented strategies. The results suggested that playfulness serves a strong adaptive function with university students, providing them with specific cognitive resources from which they can manifest effective coping behaviors in the face of stressful situations. Speculation as to the role of playfulness in fostering resilience is encouraged, and further empirical research on the therapeutic benefits of playfulness should be undertaken from a causal perspective.
Meaning, mortality, and choice : the social psychology of existential concerns

A fundamental aspect of being human is knowing that one day we will die. Efforts to contend with this knowledge are at the root of a great many social behaviours across a variety of domains, and include efforts to transcend the human body, aggression against enemies and the need for scapegoats, even extreme reactions such as terrorism and suicide, as well as the development of symbolic language and the creation of art and music. In this thought-provoking addition to the Herzliya Series on Personality and Social Psychology, editors Phillip R. Shaver and Mario Mikulincer have gathered a varied group of international thinkers to investigate these existential concerns within a framework that is both philosophical and practical. Theorists examine the nature of universal themes such as the importance of personal choice and human autonomy in an arbitrary world, and the vital roles of parenthood and religion in providing solace against the threat of meaninglessness. And clinicians discuss the use of various cognitive behavioural therapies, emphasising the mind's propensity to assign value in ways that can be either maladaptive or liberating. The authors build upon insights from previous chapters, resulting in a cohesive and thoughtfully-prepared book filled with cutting-edge research.
Retina Measurement of Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness After Cataract Surgery in Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography

Citation: Pierru A, Carles M, Gastaud P, Baillif S. Measurement of subfoveal choroidal thickness after cataract surgery in enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:4967– 4974. DOI:10.1167/iovs.14-14172 PURPOSE. To compare subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) before and after uneventful cataract surgery using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT).
American ginseng acutely regulates contractile function of rat heart

Chronic ginseng treatments have been purported to improve cardiac performance. However reports of acute administration of ginseng on cardiovascular function remain controversial and potential mechanisms are not clear. In this study, we examined the effects of acute North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) administration on rat cardiac contractile function by using electrocardiogram (ECG), non-invasive blood pressure (BP) measurement, and Langendorff isolated, spontaneously beating, perfused heart measurements (LP). Eight-week old male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 8 per group) were gavaged with a single dose of water-soluble American ginseng at 300 mg/kg body weight. Heart rate (HR) and BP were measured prior to and at 1 and 24 h after gavaging (ECG and BP). Additional groups were used for each time point for Langendorff measurements. HR was significantly decreased (ECG: 1 h: 6 ± 0.2%, 24 h: 8 ± 0.3%; BP: 1 h: 8.8 ± 0.2%, 24 h: 13 ± 0.4% and LP: 1 h: 22 ± 0.4%, 24 h: 19 ± 0.4%) in rats treated with water-soluble ginseng compared with pre or control measures. An initial marked decrease in left ventricular developed pressure was observed in LP hearts but BP changes were not observed in BP group. A direct inhibitory effect of North American ginseng was observed on cardiac contractile function in LP rats and on fluorescence measurement of intracellular calcium transient in freshly isolated cardiac myocytes when exposed to ginseng (1 and 10 μg/ml). Collectively these data present evidence of depressed cardiac contractile function by acute administration of North American ginseng in rat. This acute reduction in cardiac contractile function appears to be intrinsic to the myocardium.