Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations between circadian preferences, sleep quality, dissociation, post-traumatic cognitions, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among incarcerated offenders

The aim of this study was to explore whether DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) dissociative subtype could be differentiated from non-dissociative PTSD caseness in sleep disturbances, circadian preferences, and posttraumatic cognitions. We also investigated associations of dissociation, sleep quality, insomnia, circadian preferences, and traumarelated negative cognitions with DSM-5 PTSD caseness among prisoners. Data from 399 volunteers (mean age: 34.54±9.93 years) were collected. Using the symptoms clusters measured by the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), the participants were classified into four subgroups: no dissociation or PTSD, pure dissociative, pure PTSD, and dissociative PTSD. Differences in scale scores across four groups were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine predictors of DSM-5 PTSD caseness. Participants with dissociative PTSD reported significantly greater posttraumatic stress reactions in terms of PTSD and dissociative symptomatology, greater number of prior trauma exposure, greater scores on posttraumatic negative cognitions, and a tendency to have eveningness diurnal preferences in comparison to those prisoners classified into other three subgroups (no dissociation or PTSD, pure dissociative, and pure PTSD). However, sleep disturbances in terms of insomnia and poor sleep quality were found to be pronounced among prisoners with PTSD irrespective of levels of dissociation. Dissociative symptomatology, insomnia and poor sleep quality significantly contributed to probable PTSD caseness. Dissociation and sleep disturbances appear to be hallmark for PTSD among prisoners.
English for Specific Purposes: A Need Analysis on English Course in Islamic Banking Department

This research was aimed at analyzing the type of English skills needed by the students of Islamic Banking (Perbankan Syariah) in IAIN Metro and figuring out the materials relevant to their needs. This was a qualitative study involving 25 students and 20 alumni who were working or had ever worked in the banks or BMTs. The data were obtained by employing interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and then analyzed by using Miles and Huberman model. The findings reveal that most of the students have less skill in English. However, the language skill that is needed at most by the students is speaking skill as the communicative skill and vocabulary as the language skill. It is also discovered that there are some problems, such as limited references, lack of supporting facilities, and learning duration that are encountered by both lecturers and the students. Then, referring to their needs, the materials do not yet accommodate the content focus in which the students can learn English related to banking issues. This research recommends that the syllabus should be revised and English should be taught in an integrative approach.
The Promises and Perils of Mining GitHub ( Extended Version )

With over 10 million git repositories, GitHub is becoming one of the most important sources of software artifacts on the Internet. Researchers mine the information stored in GitHub’s event logs to understand how its users employ the site to collaborate on software, but so far there have been no studies describing the quality and properties of the available GitHub data. We document the results of an empirical study aimed at understanding the characteristics of the repositories and users in GitHub; we see how users take advantage of GitHub’s main features and how their activity is tracked on GitHub and related datasets to point out misalignment between the real and mined data. Our results indicate that while GitHub is a rich source of data on software development, mining GitHub for research purposes should take various potential perils into consideration. For example, we show that the maThis work is an extended version of Kalliamvakou et al (2014b), published at the International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories, MSR 2014. The extension falls into two categories. First, we have identified four additional perils: two are related to the information about GitHub users and two are related to the information that GitHub makes available. Second, we have assessed the perils’ potential impact as threats to validity on selected studies. Eirini Kalliamvakou University of Victoria E-mail: ikaliam@uvic.ca Georgios Gousios Radboud University of Nijmegen E-mail: g.gousios@cs.ru. nl Kelly Blincoe University of Victoria E-mail: kblincoe@acm.org Leif Singer University of Victoria E-mail: lsinger@uvic.ca Daniel German University of Victoria E-mail: dmg@uvic.ca Daniela Damian University of Victoria E-mail: danielad@uvic.ca 2 Eirini Kalliamvakou et al. jority of the projects are personal and inactive, and that almost 40% of all pull requests do not appear as merged even though they were. Also, approximately half of GitHub’s registered users do not have public activity, while the activity of GitHub users in repositories is not always easy to pinpoint. We use our identified perils to see if they can pose validity threats; we review selected papers from the MSR 2014 Mining Challenge and see if there are potential impacts to consider. We provide a set of recommendations for software engineering researchers on how to approach the data in GitHub.
String rewriting and homology of monoids

Results of Anick (1986), Squier (1987), Kobayashi (1990), Brown (1992b), and others, show that a monoid with a finite convergent rewriting system satisfies a homological condition known as FP∞. In this paper we give a simplified version of Brown's proof, which is conceptual, in contrast with the other proofs, which are computational. We also collect together a large number of results and examples of monoids and groups that satisfy FP∞ and others that do not. These may provide techniques for showing that various monoids do not have finite convergent rewriting systems, as well as explicit examples with which methods can be tested.
I—Andy Clark: Cognitive Complexity and the Sensorimotor Frontier

ABSTRACT What is the relation between perceptual experience and the suite of sensorimotor skills that enable us to act in the very world we perceive? The relation, according to ‘sensorimotor models’ (O'Regan and Noe 2001, Noe 2004) is tight indeed. Perceptual experience, on these accounts, is enacted via skilled sensorimotor activity, and gains its content and character courtesy of our knowledge of the relations between (typically) movement and sensory stimulation. I shall argue that this formulation is too extreme, and that it fails to accommodate the substantial firewalls, dis-integrations, and special-purpose streamings that form the massed strata of human cognition. In particular, such strong sensorimotor models threaten to obscure the computationally potent insensitivity of key information-processing events to the full subtleties of embodied cycles of sensing and moving.
Cognitive state verbs and complement clauses in children with SLI and their typically developing peers

This study investigated the use of cognitive state verbs (CSVs) and complement clauses in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and their typically developing (TD) peers. In Study 1, conversational samples from 23 children with SLI (M = 6;2), 24 age-matched TD children (M = 6;2) and 21 vocabulary-matched TD children (M = 4;9) were analysed for the proportional use of CSVs, verb types, co-occurrence with complement clauses and syntactic frame types. Children in all three groups had similar performance in all measures. Study 2 compared a subset of children on CSV use in conversational and narrative/expository samples. Conversation elicited more high-frequency verbs, whereas narrative/expository samples elicited more low-frequency verbs. Children with SLI used fewer different verbs and were less likely to combine low-frequency verbs with a complement clause than their TD peers. We conclude that these observed deficits can be attributed to limitations in lexical knowledge rather than a syntactic deficit.
Verifying Heaps' law using Google Books Ngram data

This article is devoted to the verification of the empirical Heaps law in European languages using Google Books Ngram corpus data. The connection between word distribution frequency and expected dependence of individual word number on text size is analysed in terms of a simple probability model of text generation. It is shown that the Heaps exponent varies significantly within characteristic time intervals of 60-100 years.
Vehicle Routing with User-Generated Trajectory Data

Rapidly increasing volumes of GPS data collected from vehicles provide new and increasingly comprehensive insight into the routes that drivers prefer. While routing services generally compute shortest or fastest routes, recent studies suggest that local drivers often prefer routes that are neither shortest nor fastest, indicating that drivers value route properties that are diverse and hard to quantify or even identify. We propose a routing service that uses an existing routing service while exploiting the availability of historical route usage data from local drivers. Given a source and destination, the service recommends a corresponding route that is most preferred by local drivers. It uses a route preference function that takes into account the number of distinct drivers and the number of trips associated with a route, as well as temporal aspects of the trips. The paper provides empirical studies with real route usage data and an existing online routing service.
Practical Issues in Implementing TRNGs in FPGAs Based on the Ring Oscillator Sampling Method

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are an increasingly popular choice of platform for the implementation of cryptographic systems. For all such systems, random numbers are essential. One of the most well-known methods for producing true random number sequences in FPGAs is based on the phenomenon of jitter and built upon ring oscillators. This paper describes how to overcome the placement sensitivity caused by the different physical properties of the logic elements, thus extending the portability of TRNGs on various FPGA boards. Our design offers an easy implementation, but in the same time maintains the good quality and high generation throughput of random numbers.
Redefining the Missing Satellites Problem

Numerical simulations of Milky Way-size cold dark matter (CDM) halos predict a steeply rising mass function of small dark matter subhalos and a substructure count that greatly outnumbers the observed satellites of the Milky Way. Several proposed explanations exist, but detailed comparison between theory and observation in terms of the maximum circular velocity (Vmax) of the subhalos is hampered by the fact that Vmax for satellite halos is poorly constrained. We present comprehensive mass models for the well-known Milky Way dwarf satellites and derive likelihood functions to show that their masses within 0.6 kpc (M0.6) are strongly constrained by the present data. We show that the M0.6 mass function of luminous satellite halos is flat between ~107 and 108 M☉. We use the "Via Lactea" N-body simulation to show that the M0.6 mass function of CDM subhalos is steeply rising over this range. We rule out the hypothesis that the 11 well-known satellites of the Milky Way are hosted by the 11 most massive subhalos. We show that models where the brightest satellites correspond to the earliest forming subhalos or the most massive accreted objects both reproduce the observed mass function. A similar analysis with the newly discovered dwarf satellites will further test these scenarios and provide powerful constraints on the CDM small-scale power spectrum and warm dark matter models.
Erratum : Deep VLT spectroscopy of the vec {z}= 2.49 radio galaxy MRC 2104-242. Evidence for a metallicity gradient in its extended emission line region

We present spectroscopic observations of the rest-frame UV line emission around radio galaxy MRC 2104-242 at $z=2.49$, obtained with FORS1 on VLT Antu. The morphology of the halo is dominated by two spatially resolved regions. Ly α is extended by >12´´along the radio axis, C $\rm IV$ and He $\rm II$ are extended by ∼ 8´´. The overall spectrum is typical for that of high redshift radio galaxies. The most striking spatial variation is that N $\rm V $ is present in the spectrum of the region associated with the center of the galaxy hosting the radio source, the northern region, while absent in the southern region. Assuming that the gas is photoionized by a hidden quasar, the difference in N $\rm V $ emission can be explained by a metallicity gradient within the halo, with the northern region having a metallicity of $Z\approx1.5 Z_{\odot}$ and $Z\leq0.4 Z_{\odot}$ for the southern region. This is consistent with a scenario in which the gas is associated with a massive cooling flow or originates from the debris of the merging of two or more galaxies.
Mean Square Performance and Robust Yet Fragile Nature of Torus Networked Average Consensus

This paper addresses the mean square (MS) performance problem for torus networked average consensus under stochastic disturbances. We investigate how a torus networked average consensus will behave when all of the communication links are unreliable and each node is subject to the perturbation of additive noise. We first show that the MS performance problem is equivalent to an MS stability problem, which can be further transformed into a standard H2 norm computation. Although the analysis complexity does not scale nicely with system size and dimension, based on the spatially invariant structure of torus lattices as well as the decomposition of their Laplacians, we are able to derive an efficiently computable closed-form formula for analysis. That is, we express the MS performance index in terms of the eigenvalues of the 1-D torus Laplacian, making the MS performance analysis efficient. We discover, for a fixed update gain, that the torus networked average consensus of a high dimension performs the best when in the MS stability regime, but it is also the most vulnerable to MS instability. This reflects a tradeoff between MS stability and performance.
Fund Convexity and Tail Risk-Taking

This paper studies how a fund manager takes skewed bets in two dimensions. First, the fund manager constantly reexamines fund performance relative to his or her peers and takes a position with respect to skewness risk. I show that when a fund manager underperforms peers, he or she will gamble on trades with lottery-like returns. On the other hand, when a fund outperforms peer funds, the fund manager will take negatively skewed trades. The results are robust to different econometric specifications. Second, I examine how convexity in incentives affects tail risks across and within different types of investment funds. The literature has documented different forms of convexity that a fund manager faces: discounts in closed-end funds, tournaments and fund flow-performance relation in open-ended funds, and high-water mark provisions in hedge funds. Sorting funds by the degree of convexity and comparing skewness between the group with the most convexity and the group with the least convexity, I conclude that convexity affects fund tail risks. This result suggests that both implicit and explicit convexities provide incentives for fund managers to take bets with tail risks.
Analysis of the expression of KIR and HLA-Cw in a Northeast Han population

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-Cw and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in a Jilin Han population and to provide a theoretical basis for further studies of their roles in disease. A total of 154 unpaid Jilin Han blood donors were selected and KIR and HLA-Cw genotyping was performed using PCR-SSP. Recognition of HLA-Cw and the corresponding activatory or inhibitory KIR receptor was distinguished according to the identification of HLA-Cw and KIR. In the present study, the expression frequency of HLA-C2Lys80+2DL1 was 27.27%, HLA-C1Asn80+2DL2/2DL3 was 68.83%, 2DS2+HLA-C1Asn80 was 9.74% and 2DS1+HLA-C2Lys80 was 9.74%. Of the individuals in the study, 72.08% expressed only KIR2DL1 without HLA-Cw, 21.43% expressed only KIR2DS1 without HLA-CwLys-KIR2DL1 and 2.60% expressed only KIR2DS2 without HLA-CwAsn-KIR2DL2/L3. In conclusion, the expression of inhibitory HLA-Cw-KIR is higher than the expression of activating HLA-Cw-KIR and approximately 20% of the individuals separately expressed the activated HLA-Cw-KIR in the Jilin Han population in the present study.
Incentives for Helping on the Job: Theory and Evidence

Recent advances in incentive theory stress the multidimensional nature of agent effort and specifically cases where workers affect one anothers' performance through “helping” efforts. This article models helping efforts as determined by the compensation package and task allocation. The model is tested with Australian evidence on reported helping efforts within work groups. The evidence consistently supports the hypothesis that helping efforts are reduced, while individual efforts are increased, when promotion incentives are strong. Piece rates and profit‐sharing appear to have little effect on helping efforts, while task variety and helping efforts are positively correlated.
Climate Change and Crop Exposure to Adverse Weather: Changes to Frost Risk and Grapevine Flowering Conditions

The cultivation of grapevines in the UK and many other cool climate regions is expected to benefit from the higher growing season temperatures predicted under future climate scenarios. Yet the effects of climate change on the risk of adverse weather conditions or events at key stages of crop development are not always captured by aggregated measures of seasonal or yearly climates, or by downscaling techniques that assume climate variability will remain unchanged under future scenarios. Using fine resolution projections of future climate scenarios for south-west England and grapevine phenology models we explore how risks to cool-climate vineyard harvests vary under future climate conditions. Results indicate that the risk of adverse conditions during flowering declines under all future climate scenarios. In contrast, the risk of late spring frosts increases under many future climate projections due to advancement in the timing of budbreak. Estimates of frost risk, however, were highly sensitive to the choice of phenology model, and future frost exposure declined when budbreak was calculated using models that included a winter chill requirement for dormancy break. The lack of robust phenological models is a major source of uncertainty concerning the impacts of future climate change on the development of cool-climate viticulture in historically marginal climatic regions.
The Peaks over Thresholds Method for Estimating High Quantiles of Loss Distributions

We review the peaks over thresholds or POT method for modelling tails of loss severity distributions and discuss the use of this technique for estimating high quantiles and the possible relevance of this to excess of loss insurance in high layers. We test the method on a variety of simulated heavy-tailed distributions to show what kind of thresholds are required and what sample sizes are necessary to give accurate estimates of quantiles.
Forecast of temperature using support vector machines

This paper proposes a prediction system to make a forecast of temperature which is based on support vector machines. The system uses a database which provides information about weather parameters such as pressure, temperature, wind speed, etc. In order to adapt the input data, the present proposal has applied a pre-processing method before the prediction phases start. The best testing results have reached a mean square error of 0.09°C.
Religious and Spiritual Coping and Quality of Life Among Patients With Emphysema in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial

BACKGROUND: Although prior research indicates that religious and spiritual coping is associated with positive health outcomes, few studies have examined religious and spiritual coping among patients with emphysema. OBJECTIVE: To describe the utilization of religious and spiritual coping and its relationship to quality of life among patients with emphysema, in a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study. METHODS: Forty patients with emphysema (mean age 63.5 ± 6.0 y, 8 women) who participated in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial were matched on age, sex, race, and education with 40 healthy individuals recruited from the community. We conducted baseline assessment of overall coping strategies, psychological functioning, quality of life, pulmonary function, and exercise capacity, and we assessed overall coping strategies and religious and spiritual coping at 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: Ninety percent of the patients with emphysema considered themselves at least slightly religious and spiritual. The patients reported using both negative religious coping (eg, questioning God) and positive religious coping (eg, prayer) more than the healthy control subjects at follow-up. However, greater use of religious and spiritual coping was associated with poorer illness-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with emphysema appear to use various coping strategies in responding to their illness. Future research should investigate if patients using religious and spiritual coping would benefit from interventions to address emotional distress and reduced quality of life.
Dissection of Genetic Factors Modulating Fetal Growth in Cattle Indicates a Substantial Role of the Non-SMC Condensin I Complex, Subunit G (NCAPG) Gene

The increasing evidence of fetal developmental effects on postnatal life, the still unknown fetal growth mechanisms impairing offspring generated by somatic nuclear transfer techniques, and the impact on stillbirth and dystocia in conventional reproduction have generated increasing attention toward mammalian fetal growth. We identified a highly significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting fetal growth on bovine chromosome 6 in a specific resource population, which was set up by consistent use of embryo transfer and foster mothers and, thus, enabled dissection of fetal-specific genetic components of fetal growth. Merging our data with results from other cattle populations differing in historical and geographical origin and with comparative data from human whole-genome association mapping suggests that a nonsynonymous polymorphism in the non-SMC condensin I complex, subunit G (NCAPG) gene, NCAPG c.1326T>G, is the potential cause of the identified QTL resulting in divergent bovine fetal growth. NCAPG gene expression data in fetal placentomes with different NCAPG c.1326T>G genotypes, which are in line with recent results about differential NCAPG expression in placentomes from studies on assisted reproduction techniques, indicate that the NCAPG locus may give valuable information on the specific mechanisms regulating fetal growth in mammals.