Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grafting of Protein-Protein Interaction Epitope

Abstract Transferring the biological function of one protein to another is a key issue in understanding the structure and function relationship of proteins. We have developed a strategy for grafting protein-protein interaction epitopes. As a first step, residues at the interface of the ligand protein which strongly interact with the receptor protein were identified. Then protein scaffolds were docked onto receptor protein based on geometric complementarity. Only high docking score matches were saved. For each saved match, the scaffold protein was accepted if it had suitable positions for grafting key interaction residues of the ligand protein. These candidate residues were mutated to corresponding residues in the ligand protein at each relevant position and the mutated scaffold protein was co-minimized with receptor protein. Finally, the minimized complexes were evaluated by a scoring function deduced from statistical analysis of rigid binding data sets. As a test case, the binding epitope of barstar, the inhibitor of barnase, was grafted onto smaller proteins. Pheromone Er-1(PDB entry 1erc) has been found to be a good scaffold. The calculated binding free energy for mutated Pheromone Er-1 is equivalent to that of barstar.
Political and Economic Determinants of Changes in Government Spending on Social Protection Programs

I guess you're right on the economics, but those taxes were never a problem of economics. They are politics all the way through. We put those payroll contributions there so as to give the contributors a legal, moral, and political right to collect their pensions and their unemployment benefits. With those taxes in there, no damn politician can ever scrap my social security program.
The representation of English articles in second language grammars: Determiners or adjectives?*

An article-choice study involving L1 Mandarin/L2 English bilinguals is reported. It tested two recent accounts on the representation of English articles in L2 grammars (where L1 has no articles). The Fluctuation Hypothesis (Ionin, Ko and Wexler, 2004) predicts that L2 speakers will have full access to UG, but will fluctuate between the settings of the postulated Article Choice Parameter; article choices will be influenced by [±specificity]. The syntactic misanalysis account, on which L2 articles are treated as adjectives (Trenkic, 2007), predicts that article choices will be influenced by the objective identifiability of referents. By discussing the notion of specificity and emphasising problems in its operationalisation, the current study introduces an innovative design to reveal that what was previously observed as the effect of specificity on L2 article choices (full UG access) is better described as an effect of the stated/denied familiarity with the referent (an extra-linguistic factor).
The prevalence of norovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus infections among hospitalised children with acute gastroenteritis in Porto Velho, state of Rondônia, western Brazilian Amazon

Although viruses are well-established causes of acute gastroenteritis, few data on the circulation of these pathogens in Porto Velho, state of Rondônia, Brazil, are available. Thus, faecal samples from hospitalised diarrhoeic children, under six years of age, were collected and tested for the presence of norovirus (NoV), adenovirus (AdV) and astrovirus (AstV) from February 2010-February 2012. Specimens were screened by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and viruses were found in 10.7% (63/591) of the cases. NoV, AdV and AstV were detected in 7.8%, 2% and 0.8% of the samples, respectively. NoV infection was observed at all ages and was most prevalent in zero-18-month-old children (84.7%; p = 0.002). A higher incidence of NoV was detected from February-April 2010, when it was found in 52.2% of the cases. Co-infections involving these viruses, rotavirus and enteropathogenic bacteria were detected in 44.4% (28/63) of the children with viral diarrhoea. Nosocomial infections were demonstrated in 28.6% (18/63) of the cases in which viruses were detected. The present paper reports, for the first time, the circulation of NoV and AstV among the paediatric population of Porto Velho and it contributes to our understanding of the roles of these pathogens in gastrointestinal infections.
The role of leadership in developing and sustaining teachers' professional learning

A prominent feature of education discourse relating to teachers' practice has been the call for increased emphasis on professional development (PD). This paper is part of a wider project which explored the impact of a collaborative PD initiative on teachers' teaching and learning in five urban disadvantaged schools in Ireland. It focused on the impact of PD and critically on sustainability from which emerged important issues of leadership. This article focuses on the specific contribution that leadership made to the sustainability of the practices in the schools. It aims to identify three key features of how principals contribute to sustaining PD practices.
The Influence of Temporal Order Information in General Event Knowledge on Language Comprehension

Abstract. The coding of chronological order of real-life events, that is, “time’s arrow” in general event knowledge and its access in language comprehension was investigated with two relatedness judgment tasks. The temporal orientation (chronological or reverse) and the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA; 200/250 ms or 1,000 ms) between preinformation and target were manipulated. The first experiment examined highly familiar sequences of events (e.g., lighting-burning-extinguishing) with the same strength of temporal relatedness for preceding and succeeding events. The second experiment investigated individual events. The results show that time’s arrow is not restricted to sequences of events, but is also embedded in the mental representation of individual events. The preferred temporal orientation in favor of future time is not only coded by a higher association strength between mental event representations, but also by expectancy based selection processes. The results support Barsalou’s model of perceptual .
School Effectiveness Research and its Critics: alternative visions of schooling

ABSTRACT The paper examines (a) the values and assumptions which underpin school effectiveness research, and (b) the problem of applying its findings in schools. It does so in the light of a number of critiques of this research emanating from both the USA and the UK. The author argues that the issues at stake between school effectiveness researchers and their critics are best understood as disagreements about the nature and purposes of schooling rather than disagreements about the facts. What is required is more dialogue about the values and assumptions which shape both SER and the views of its critics. This paper attempts to provide an initial framework for starting such a dialogue.
Arson and Vandalism in Schools: What can the educational psychologist do?

Summary Arson and vandalism are real problems in South Australian schools and in schools across the world. Although some individuals are more likely to be arsonists or vandals, the potential for these school offences is in all of us. Therefore, many different levels of prevention need to be considered which enhance the supervision of school property, the creative use of schools, and the sense of ownership members of the community feel toward the school. Probably the best way to achieve this is to provide the school community with the power and responsibility to do it for themselves.
Patterns of Teacher Absence in Public Primary Schools in Indonesia

This paper uses the first nationally representative survey of teacher absence collected through direct observation to determine the patterns of absence among full-time teachers in public primary schools in Indonesia. Based on the survey data, the authors found a national teacher absence rate of 19%, with almost half of the absences due to unacceptable reasons. In general, highly educated teachers, contract teachers, and less experienced teachers have higher absence rates. There are also significantly higher absence rates in schools with inadequate facilities. In contrast, teachers who take on extra jobs outside teaching are not associated with more absences while being dissatisfied with income is actually correlated with lower absence. Finally, given that sanctions on shirking teachers are rarely implemented, they do not seem to lower cases of teacher absence.
Membrane antigens of Mycoplasma hominis

SUMMARY Extraction of membranes of Mycoplasma hominis with n–butanol showed that antigenicity was associated with thenon-lipid residue, which probably consisted mainly of protein, and not with the lipid itself. Since many membrane proteins are hydrophobic, membranes were rendered soluble in various ways. Extraction with urea or phenol was the most successful, yielding extracts which were both antigenic and serologically reactive. The urea extract could not be fractionated by polyacrylamide disk electrophoresis or by column chromatography. However, serologically active components identified by gel diffusion were separated from detergent-lysed membranes by polyacrylamide disk electrophoresis. The activities of antisera against these fractions suggested that indirect-haemagglutinating or metabolic-inhibiting antibodies can be directed against several different membrane antigens. However, the antigens identified by gel diffusion probably do not represent all the components participating in indirect haemagglutination. Treatment of membrane suspensions with heat, alkali, periodate and various enzymes showed that the four components identified by gel diffusion could be distinguished by their differing stabilities and properties. On the basis of their lability and susceptibility to proteolytic enzymes, two were identified as proteins.
Key Facets in Felix's Case: The Therapist's Cultural Competency, Masculine Socialization, and Sexual Orientation Stigma

Commentaries on the case of Felix (Glassgold, 2009) by Bedoya and Safren (2009) and Pachankis (2009) add importantly to a discussion of the key issues that Felixâ€™s case typifies. Specifically, the commentators, respectively, focus on key issues in Felixâ€™s case: the role of cultural competency in treating a case like Felix, who presents with a dual minority status of being Latino and gay; and the role of masculine socialization, sexual orientation stigma, and identity that play out in this type of client. Throughout my response to the commentaries, I keep in mind the interface of intrapsychic and social-cultural dynamics that are reflected in a case like Felixâ€™s. Â
Mental health in Swedish children living in joint physical custody and their parents' life satisfaction: A cross-sectional study

This study compared the psychological symptoms of 129 children in joint physical custody with children in single care and nuclear families, using a nationally representative 2011 survey of 1,297 Swedish children aged between four and 18 years. The outcome measure was the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and its association with three dimensions of parental life satisfaction was investigated. Linear regression analyses showed higher SDQ-scores for children in joint physical custody (B = 1.4, p < 0.001) and single care (B = 2.2, p < 0.001) than in nuclear families, after adjustment for socio-demographic variables. The estimates decreased to 1.1 and 1.3, respectively, after being adjusted for parental life satisfaction ( p < 0.01). Our findings confirm previous research that showed lower symptom scores for children in nuclear families than children in single care and joint physical custody. Parental life satisfaction should be investigated further as a possible explanation of differences in symptom load between children in different living arrangements.
A Multilevel Analysis of the Relation of School Learning and Social Environments to Minority Achievement in Public Elementary Schools

The present study employed a sample of 25,087 students in 117 elementary schools. Using hierarchical linear modeling, relations of school- and classroom-level instrumental support (academic emphasis) and expressive support (communal relationships) to student academic achievement were examined. At the individual level, student perceptions of each type of support were significantly and positively related to self-reported grade point average (GPA), with classroom expressive support having the strongest relation. At the school level, only classroom expressive support was associated with schools having higher student self-reported GPAs. All the various 2-way combinations of the types of support found in schools did not contribute significantly to school GPA. However, among schools having more socioeconomically disadvantaged students, expressive support in combination with its respective level of instrumental support (either school or classroom) was associated with higher GPAs. Additionally, school expressive support combined with classroom instrumental support was associated with smaller gaps in GPAs between minority and nonminority students. Results are discussed in relation to past explanations as to why instrumental support and, in particular, expressive support might benefit the learning of socioeconomically disadvantaged and minority children.
An Ultra Low-Power Solution for EEPROM in Passive UHF RFID Tag IC With a Novel Read Circuit and a Time-Divided Charge Pump

A dual power supply ultra low-power 1 kbits EEPROM for passive UHF RFID is presented. The read power source is 1 V, while the write power source is 1.65 V, which is only activated in the write mode. To reduce the power of the read circuit without impacting the performance, a pre-charge scheme, a feedback scheme and a self-detect circuit, combined with a special read time sequence are adopted. A time-divided charge pump is proposed to reduce the current surge of the charge pump at the startup phase. The EEPROM IP has been fabricated in a SMIC 0.18 μm 2P4M EEPROM process. The die size of the proposed EEPROM IP is 0.12 mm2. The read and write currents of the EEPROM IP are 1.18 μA and 33 μA respectively. Under a 110 temperature variation, the power variation of the read operation is 15%. The EEPROM IP is then verified in a full UHF RFID chip. Tested by a commercial reader at 4 W EIRP, the maximum read and write communication ranges are 6 m and 3 m respectively. The measured voltage drop of the output of rectifier Vrect caused by the current surge of the charge pump is smaller than 50 mV.
Critical Review of Language Education Policies in Compulsory Primary and Secondary Education in Serbia

In this paper a comparative analysis of the status of four types of languages present in the Serbian compulsory education system is presented: (1) Serbian as L1; (2) Serbian as L2 (for ethnic minorities); (3) minority languages; as well as (4) traditionally designated ‘foreign languages’, such as English, French, Russian and German, through the perspective of language policy and planning theory. It is argued that the concept of plurilingualism in education and communication still remains an idealistic construct in Serbia, as long as issues related to the political and socio-economic power of languages are not recognised and seriously taken into account. The present analysis identifies certain socio-political, educational and sociolinguistic trends which, if identified and understood properly, may help outline a theoretical model of language education policy that would favour plurilingualism and interculturalism in countries in transition such as Serbia.
Pediatric care during a short-term medical mission to a Syrian refugee camp in Northern Jordan

Abstract Introduction: The Syrian refugee crisis, now in its 6th year, has displaced millions. Refugees depend on support from host nation governments and humanitarian organizations like the Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS). We describe the delivery of pediatric care during a SAMS short-term medical mission to a refugee camp in Northern Jordan. Methods: The medical mission team encompassed dozens of specialties. Teams visited many sites, including the Zaatari refugee camp near the Syrian border. For this study, we gathered quantitative data from one physician who provided pediatric care and anecdotes from multiple SAMS physicians who provided pediatric care in Zaatari during the same time period. The physician supplying the quantitative data recorded age, diagnoses, and prescriptions for each patient. Results: The physician saw an average of 69 patients per day. Many of these were children aged 0–4 years. At least one diagnosis was recorded for 73.9% of patients, and at least one prescription was recorded for 85.5% of patients. Discussion: Most presenting complaints involved acute infectious illnesses, but these seemed preventable and related to refugees' living situations. Mental health assessment was difficult. Referrals proved important for evaluation and management of both acute and chronic conditions. For the short term, we emphasize the importance of effective liaison with refugee camp authorities and outside health-care organizations. For the long term, we recommend increased health-care infrastructure development and more emphasis on preventative care. Conclusion: With this study, we provide new quantitative and qualitative insights into pediatric care during a short-term medical mission to a Syrian refugee camp in Northern Jordan.
The effects of maps on navigation and search strategies in very-large-scale virtual environments

Participants used maps and other navigational aids to search desktop (nonimmersive) virtual environments (VEs) for objects that were small and not visible on a global map that showed the whole of a VE and its major topological features. Overall, participants searched most efficiently when they simultaneously used both the global map and a local map that showed their immediate surroundings and the objects' positions. However, after repeated searching, the global map on its own became equally effective. When participants used the local map on its own, their spatial knowledge developed in a manner that was previously associated with learning from a within-environment perspective rather than a survey perspective. Implications for the use of maps as aids for VE navigation are discussed.
Human-Computer Interaction Issues in Brain-Computer Interface and Virtual Reality

Recently, there has been increasing interest in using BCI in 3D virtual environments. There are several reasons for using a brain-computer interface in virtual reality (VR); some of these are the same reasons for using VR in general: rehearsal of scenarios that are too dangerous in the real world (e.g., controlling a wheelchair); prototyping devices (e.g., robotic hand); prototyping new control methods; studying the effects of "watching virtual body part actions" (e.g., applied for stroke rehabilitation); and increasing motivation and/or mental effort in BCI feedback experiments.
Rasch Rating Scale Modeling of the Korean Version of the Beck Depression Inventory

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is one of the most frequently used instruments in the study of depression both within and outside of the United States. Though developed primarily with European American clinical populations, the BDI has been applied in nonclinical and non-Western samples. To determine whether such a practice is warranted, the authors used Rasch rating scale modeling on a Korean version of the BDI (BDI-K) with Korean university students(N = 279). Results revealed that (a) most BDI-K items represented one common construct, (b) somatic symptoms of depression were more difficult to endorse, and (c) the difficulty level of the BDI-K may not be appropriate for nonclinical Korean university samples.
Use of antimicrobial agents in consumer products.

OBJECTIVES To summarize available data on the effectiveness of antimicrobial ingredients in consumer products such as hand lotions and soaps and to discuss the implications of such use on antimicrobial resistance. DATA SOURCES We searched the MEDLINE database, 1966 to 2001, using the search term resistance qualified with the terms consumer product(s), OR soap, OR lotion, OR triclosan, and LexisNexis and the World Wide Web using the search strategy antimicrobial resistance AND consumer product. DATA EXTRACTION English-language articles were selected that provided information on the use of antimicrobial ingredients in consumer products and the effect of this use on antimicrobial resistance. DATA SYNTHESIS Despite the recent substantial increase in the use of antimicrobial ingredients in consumer products, the effects of this practice have not been studied extensively. No data support the efficacy or necessity of antimicrobial agents in such products, and a growing number of studies suggest increasing acquired bacterial resistance to them. Studies also suggest that acquired resistance to the antimicrobial agents used in consumer products may predispose bacteria to resistance against therapeutic antibiotics, but further research is needed. Considering available data and the critical nature of the antibiotic-resistance problem, it is prudent to avoid the use of antimicrobial agents in consumer products. CONCLUSIONS The use of common antimicrobials for which acquired bacterial resistance has been demonstrated should be discontinued in consumer products unless data emerge to conclusively show that such resistance has no effect on public health and that such products are effective at preventing infection. Ultimately, antibiotic resistance must be controlled through judicious use of antibiotics by health care professionals and the public.
Muscle infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus: MR imaging findings.

PURPOSE To describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in diabetic patients with muscle infarction and to describe commonly associated clinical features. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MR imaging studies of 21 patients with diabetic muscle infarction were reviewed retrospectively. Of the 21 patients, 12 were women, and nine were men; the mean age was 48 years (range, 30-77 years). RESULTS Eight patients had bilateral lower-extremity involvement; six had involvement confined to the right lower extremity and seven to the left. The thigh was involved in 17 patients (81%). One or more of the musculi vastus, the most frequently affected muscle group, were affected in 16 patients (76%). Four patients (19%) had isolated calf involvement. MR imaging studies showed diffuse enlargement of involved muscle groups and partial loss of normal fatty intermuscular septa. MR imaging also allowed identification of areas of subfascial fluid in 16 patients (76%) and subcutaneous edema in 19 patients (90%). MR imaging showed involved muscle groups best with T2-weighted, inversion-recovery, and gadolinium-enhanced sequences, where the infarcted muscles appeared diffusely hyperintense compared with adjacent muscles. Comparison of T2-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced MR images of nine patients showed enlarged, enhancing muscles in all patients and small, focal, rim-enhancing fluid collections in six of nine patients (66%). CONCLUSION Diabetic muscle infarction is suggested in diabetic patients with sudden onset of severe pain in the thigh or calf muscles who have MR imaging findings of diffuse edema and swelling of multiple thigh and calf muscles (often in more than one compartment).
Biosurfactant Production By A New Pseudomonas Putida Strain

Observation of both tensio-active and emulsifying activities indicated that biosurfactants were produced by the newly isolated and promising strain Pseudomonas putida 21BN. The biosurfactants were identified as rhamnolipids, the amphiphilic surface-active glycolipids usually secreted by Pseudomonas spp. Their production was observed when the strain was grown on soluble substrates, such as glucose or on poorly soluble substrates, such as hexadecane, reaching values of 1.2 g l-1. When grown on hexadecane as the sole carbon source the biosurfactant lowered the surface tension of the medium to 29 mN m-1 and formed stable and compact emulsions with emulsifying activity of 69%