Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Machine Comprehension Using Match-LSTM and Answer Pointer

Machine comprehension of text is an important problem in natural language processing. A recently released dataset, the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD), offers a large number of real questions and their answers created by humans through crowdsourcing. SQuAD provides a challenging testbed for evaluating machine comprehension algorithms, partly because compared with previous datasets, in SQuAD the answers do not come from a small set of candidate answers and they have variable lengths. We propose an end-to-end neural architecture for the task. The architecture is based on match-LSTM, a model we proposed previously for textual entailment, and Pointer Net, a sequence-to-sequence model proposed by Vinyals et al.(2015) to constrain the output tokens to be from the input sequences. We propose two ways of using Pointer Net for our task. Our experiments show that both of our two models substantially outperform the best results obtained by Rajpurkar et al.(2016) using logistic regression and manually crafted features.
Statistical timing analysis based on a timing yield model

Starting from a model of the within-die systematic variations using principal components analysis, a model is proposed for estimation of the parametric yield, and is then applied to estimation of the timing yield. Key features of these models are that they are easy to compute, they include a powerful model of within-die correlation, and they are "full-chip" models in the sense that they can be applied with ease to circuits with millions of components. As such, these models provide a way to do statistical timing analysis without the need for detailed statistical analysis of every path in the design.
Contingency Fit, Institutional Fit, and Firm Performance: A Metafit Approach to Organization-Environment Relationships

In this paper, we attempt to reconcile contingency and institutional fit approaches concerning the organization–environment relationship. Whereas prior scholarly research has examined both theories and compared their impacts on organizational fit and performance, we lay the groundwork for a metafit approach by investigating how contingency and institutional fit interact to influence firm performance. We test our theoretical framework using a data set of 3,259 respondents from 1,904 companies, examining task environmental demands and institutional demands on organizational design across a broad range of industries and firm size classes. Our results show that contingency and institutional fit provide complementary and interdependent explanations of firm performance. Importantly, our findings indicate that for firms under conditions of “quasi fit” rather than perfect contingency fit or optimal institutional fit, improvements in contingency and/or institutional fit will result in better performance. However, firms with high contingency fit are less vulnerable to deviation from institutional fit in the formation of firm performance, whereas firms with perfect institutional fit will slightly decrease their performance when they strive to achieve contingency fit.
The influence of topical application of grapeseed extract gel on enamel surface hardness after demineralization

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of topical application of 6.5% and 12.5% grapeseed extract gels for duration of application 16 and 32 minutes on the enamel surface hardness following tooth demineralization by an energy drink. The samples were 21 bovine teeth that underwent demineralization by immersion in the energy drink for 5 minutes in an incubator at 37°C. The demineralized specimens were randomly divided into a control group and 2 treatment groups. The control group was immersed in artificial saliva for 6 hours at 37°C, whereas the treatment groups were treated with topical 6.5% and 12.5% grapeseed extract gels for durations of 16 and 32 minutes and then immersed in artificial saliva for 6 hours at 37°C. The hardness was measured with a Knoop hardness tester. Statistical analysis by repeated ANOVA and one-way ANOVA revealed a significant increase in the enamel hardness value (p<0.05) after the application of the topical grapeseed extract gels at both concentrations. Application of 12.5% topical grapeseed extract gel for 32 minutes resulted in a restored hardness that insignificant diffrence from the initial hardness value obtained before demineralization (p>0.05).
Effect of outliers on the GFI quality adjustment index in structural equation model and proposal of alternative indices

ABSTRACT This work is intended to suggest modifications in the construction of the GFI index using robust methods for estimating the unrestricted sample covariance matrix, leading to new indices called GFI(MCD) and GFI(MVE). The validation of this proposal was made using Monte Carlo simulation methods, considering differences between the unrestricted sample covariance matrix and those imposed by the structural model, and different numbers of outliers generated by distributions with deviations from symmetry and excess kurtosis. It was concluded that for larger samples size (n ⩾ 100), given that the outliers are from distributions that are symmetrical, the GFI(MCD) and GFI(MVE) present similar results, including samples with high percentages of outliers.
An Integrative Contingency Model of Software Project Risk Management

Drawing both from the IS literature on software project risk management and the contingency research in Organization Theory literature, the present study develops an integrative contingency model of software project risk management. Adopting a profile deviation perspective of fit, the outcome of a software development project (Performance) is hypothesized to be influenced by the fit between the project's risk (Risk Exposure) and how project risk is managed (Risk Management Profile). The research model was tested with longitudinal data obtained from project leaders and key users of 75 software projects. The results support the contingency model proposed and suggest that in order to increase project performance a project's risk management profile needs to vary according to the project's risk exposure. Specifically, high-risk projects were found to call for high information processing capacity approaches in their management. However, the most appropriate management approach was found to depend on the performance criterion used. When meeting project budgets was the performance criterion, successful high-risk projects had high levels of internal integration, as well as high levels of formal planning. When system quality was the performance criterion, successful high-risk projects had high levels of user participation.
Neutron Star Mass Measurements. I. Radio Pulsars

There are now about 50 known radio pulsars in binary systems, including at least five in double neutron star binaries. In some cases, the stellar masses can be directly determined from measurements of relativistic orbital effects. In others, only an indirect or statistical estimate of the masses is possible. We review the general problem of mass measurement in radio pulsar binaries and critically discuss all current estimates of the masses of radio pulsars and their companions. We find that significant constraints exist on the masses of 21 radio pulsars and on five neutron star companions of radio pulsars. All the measurements are consistent with a remarkably narrow underlying Gaussian mass distribution, m=1.35±0.04 M. There is no evidence that extensive mass accretion (Δm≳0.1 M) has occurred in these systems. We also show that the observed inclinations of millisecond pulsar binaries are consistent with a random distribution, and thus find no evidence for either alignment or counteralignment of millisecond pulsar magnetic fields.
Mineral Resource Estimation By

The process of estimating a Mineral Resource can only take place after the estimator is convinced of the soundness of the fundamentals underlying the estimation process. Thus the database of sampling, density, and other quality data for both estimation and geological interpretation must have integrity and robustness (Chapter 2); the geological data must be sufficiently complete for the definition of a geological model; the geological model itself must have internal consistency, should explain the observed arrangement of lithological and mineralogical domains, and should represent the estimator’s best knowledge of the genesis of the mineral deposit; and the geological model should support the distribution of mineralisation seen in the sampling (Chapter 3). It is only at this stage that a resource model may be generated. The resource estimation process involves the definition of mineralisation constraints or geological domains, the statistical and/or geostatistical analysis of the sample data, and the application of a suitable grade interpolation technique. The final stage of the estimation process is to classify the resource according to the JORC Code (JORC, 1999 and republished in this volume, see Appendix 1).
Representing and querying data transformations

Modern information systems often store data that has been transformed and integrated from a variety of sources. This integration may obscure the original source semantics of data items. For many tasks, it is important to be able to determine not only where data items originated, but also why they appear in the integration as they do and through what transformation they were derived. This problem is known as data provenance. In this work, we consider data provenance at the schema and mapping level. In particular, we consider how to answer questions such as "what schema elements in the source(s) contributed to this value", or "through what transformations or mappings was this value derived? " Towards this end, we elevate schemas and mappings to first-class citizens that are stored in a repository and are associated with the actual data values. An extended query language, called MXQL, is also developed that allows meta-data to be queried as regular data and we describe its implementation scenario.
Injury Pattern in Icelandic Elite Male Handball Players

Objective: To examine the incidence, type, location, and severity of injuries in Icelandic elite male handball players and compare across factors like physical characteristics and playing position. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: The latter part of the preseason and the competitive season of Icelandic male handball. Participants: Eleven handball teams (185 players) from the 2 highest divisions in Iceland participated in the study. Six teams (109 players) completed the study. Variables Measured: Injuries were recorded by the players under supervision from their team physiotherapists or coaches. Coaches recorded training exposure, and match exposure was obtained from the Icelandic and European Handball Federations. The players directly recorded potential risk factors, such as age, height, weight, previous injuries, and player position. Main Outcome Measures: Injury incidence and injury location and number of injury days. Results: Recorded time-loss injuries were 86, of which 53 (62%) were acute and 33 (38%) were due to overuse. The incidence of acute injuries was 15.0 injuries/1000 hours during games and 1.1 injuries/1000 hours during training sessions. No significant difference was found in injury incidence between teams, but number of injury days did differ between teams (P = 0.0006). Acute injuries were most common in knees (26%), ankles (19%), and feet/toes (17%), but overuse injuries occurred in low back/pelvic region (39%), shoulders (21%), and knees (21%). Previous knee injuries were the only potential risk factor found for knee injury. Conclusions: The results indicate a higher rate of overuse injuries in low back/pelvic region and shoulders than in comparable studies.
ASTOR: A Program Repair Library for Java

During the last years, the software engineering research community has proposed approaches for automatically repairing software bugs. Unfortunately, many software artifacts born from this research are not available for repairing Java programs. To-reimplement those approaches from scratch is costly. To facilitate experimental replications and comparative evaluations, we present Astor, a publicly available program repair library that includes the implementation of three notable repair approaches (jGenProg2, jKali and jMutRe-pair). We envision that the research community will use As-tor for setting up comparative evaluations and explore the design space of automatic repair for Java. Astor oﬀers researchers ways to implement new repair approaches or to modify existing ones. Astor repairs in total 33 real bugs from four large open source projects.
An across-breed genome wide association analysis of susceptibility to paratuberculosis in dairy cattle

Paratuberculosis is a chronic disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). It occurs worldwide and causes a significant loss in the animal production industry. There is no cure for MAP infection and vaccination is problematic. Identification of genetics of susceptibility could be a useful adjunct for programs that focus on management, testing and culling of diseased animals. A case-control, genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using Holstein and Jersey cattle in a combined analysis in order to identify markers and chromosomal regions associated with susceptibility to MAP infection across-breed. A mixed-model method (GRAMMAR-GC) implemented in the GenABEL R package and a Bayes C analysis implemented in GenSel software were used as alternative approaches to conduct GWAS analysis focused on single SNPs and chromosomal segments, respectively. After conducting quality control, 22 406 SNPs from 2157 individuals were available for the GRAMMAR-GC (Bayes C) analysis and 45 640 SNPs from 2199 individuals were available for the Bayes C analysis. One SNP located on BTA27 (8·6 Mb) was identified as moderately associated (P < 5 × 10−5, FDR = 0·44) in the GRAMMAR-GC analysis of the combined breed data. Nine 1 Mb windows located on BTA 2, 3 (3 windows), 6, 8, 25, 27 and 29 each explained ≥1% of the total proportion of genetic variance in the Bayes C analysis. In an analysis ignoring differences in linkage phase, two moderately significantly associated SNPs were identified; ARS-BFGL-NGS-19381 on BTA23 (32 Mb) and Hapmap40994-BTA-46361 on BTA19 (61 Mb). New common genomic regions and candidate genes have been identified from the across-breed analysis that might be involved in the immune response and susceptibility to MAP infection.
Some Kinetic Considerations in High Cut‐Off Hemodiafiltration for Acute Myoglobinuric Renal Failure

The kinetics of myoglobin in severe rhabdomyolysis and dialysis‐dependent myoglobinuric acute kidney injury (Mb‐AKI) is still not well elucidated, and more detailed knowledge could improve the now empiric use of rapid extracorporeal myoglobin removal by high cut‐off (HCO) hemodialysis treatments. Eighteen adult patients with severe dialysis‐dependent Mb‐AKI (median serum concentration of myoglobin 57.4 mg/L) participated in the prospective clinical study, assessing myoglobin kinetics during HCO hemodiafiltration (HCO HDF). High initial serum concentrations of myoglobin (median 57.4 mg/L), together with protracted myoglobin appearance in the blood, indicated a large accumulation of myoglobin in body fluids. Extra‐renal endogenous metabolic myoglobin clearance was delayed, with a slow exponential fall in serum myoglobin (t½ 35 h). A mean myoglobin clearance of 90–94 mL/min, a reduction ratio of 80%, and a rapid exponential fall (t½ 1 h) in serum and dialysate myoglobin were achieved by HCO HDF. Half of the cumulative myoglobin removal was accomplished in 3–5 h, with an additional removal of 7% each hour thereafter. A 2.4‐fold rebound in serum myoglobin followed the HCO procedures. Large amounts of myoglobin are released into the circulation, and its endogenous metabolic clearance in dialysis‐dependent Mb‐AKI is slow. Owing to its rapid and highly efficient myoglobin elimination, HCO HDF may represent a valuable tool in the initial management of severe Mb‐AKI, with a potential for earlier application in the future.
Characterization of interactions between naturally mutated forms of the TIN2 protein and its known protein partners of the shelterin complex

To the Editor : We read with great interest the article by Sasa et al. (1) in which they identified three novel truncating mutations in the telomere-associated protein TIN2 in children with an inherited form of bone-marrow failure syndrome known as Dyskeratosis congenita (DC). TIN2 is one of the six protein subunits of the shelterin protein complex that binds to telomeric sequences at chromosome ends to maintain genome structural integrity and to regulate telomere lengths (2, 3). In this complex, TIN2 protein directly interacts with TRF1, TRF2 and TPP1 (Fig. 1a).
Serum ischemia-modified albumin level and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in obese children and adolescents

Abstract Background: Serum ischemia modified albumin (IMA) levels have been previously studied and found to correlate with some anthropometric and laboratory measurements in adult obesity. IMA had not been studied in obese children and adolescents. Objective: The aim of the study is to analyze serum IMA levels and to evaluate their correlation with cardiovascular risk factors in obese children and adolescents with and without metabolic syndrome (MS). Subjects and methods: Sixty-one obese children/adolescents and 33 healthy children were included in the study. The obese group was divided into four subgroups, including MS (n=25), non-MS (n=36), liver steatosis (n=19) and non-liver steatosis (n=42) groups. Blood was collected to analyze biochemical parameters and IMA. Epicardial adipose tissue thickness was measured with echocardiography, and liver steotosis was determined with ultrasonography for each subject. Results: Body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC), left ventricular mass (LVM) and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness were significantly higher in obese subjects. Serum IMA levels were significantly higher in the metabolic syndrome (MS) and hepatosteotosis groups. Additionally, LVM and EAT thickness were found to be correlated with serum IMA levels in these groups. Conclusions: Our study suggests that serum IMA levels may be used to predict cardiovascular risk in obese children with MS and hepatosteotosis. This may be related to the duration of obesity in childhood ending in adulthood.
Relativistic Light Sails

One proposed method for spacecraft to reach nearby stars is by accelerating sails using either solar radiation pressure or directed energy. This idea constitutes the thesis behind the Breakthrough Starshot project, which aims to accelerate a gram-mass spacecraft up to one-fifth the speed of light toward Proxima Centauri. For such a case, the combination of the sail’s low mass and relativistic velocity renders previous treatments incorrect at the 10% level, including that of Einstein himself in his seminal 1905 paper introducing special relativity. To address this, we present formulae for a sail’s acceleration, first in response to a single photon and then extended to an ensemble. We show how the sail’s motion in response to an ensemble of incident photons is equivalent to that of a single photon of energy equal to that of the ensemble. We use this principle of ensemble equivalence for both perfect and imperfect mirrors, enabling a simple analytic prediction of the sail’s velocity curve. Using our results and adopting putative parameters for Starshot, we estimate that previous relativistic treatments underestimate the spacecraft’s terminal velocity by ∼10% for the same incident energy. Additionally, we use a simple model to predict the sail’s temperature and diffraction beam losses during the laser firing period; this allows us to estimate that, for firing times of a few minutes and operating temperatures below 300°C (573 K), Starshot will require a sail that absorbs less than one in 260,000 photons.
RILES, a novel method for temporal analysis of the in vivo regulation of miRNA expression

Novel methods are required to investigate the complexity of microRNA (miRNA) biology and particularly their dynamic regulation under physiopathological conditions. Herein, a novel plasmid-based RNAi-Inducible Luciferase Expression System (RILES) was engineered to monitor the activity of endogenous RNAi machinery. When RILES is transfected in a target cell, the miRNA of interest suppresses the expression of a transcriptional repressor and consequently switch-ON the expression of the luciferase reporter gene. Hence, miRNA expression in cells is signed by the emission of bioluminescence signals that can be monitored using standard bioluminescence equipment. We validated this approach by monitoring in mice the expression of myomiRs-133, −206 and −1 in skeletal muscles and miRNA-122 in liver. Bioluminescence experiments demonstrated robust qualitative and quantitative data that correlate with the miRNA expression pattern detected by quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). We further demonstrated that the regulation of miRNA-206 expression during the development of muscular atrophy is individual-dependent, time-regulated and more complex than the information generated by qPCR. As RILES is simple and versatile, we believe that this methodology will contribute to a better understanding of miRNA biology and could serve as a rationale for the development of a novel generation of regulatable gene expression systems with potential therapeutic applications.
Double Perovskite Sr2FeMoO6: A Potential Candidate for Room Temperature Magnetoresistance Device Applications

The family of double perovskites first received attention in the 1960s, but the discovery of low field magnetoresistnace (LFMR) and half metallicity of the Sr2FeMoO6 (SFMO) compound was made by Kobayashi et al. in 1998. A fully spin polarized half-metal SFMO (Tc > 400) with excellent magnetoresistance response relatively at small applied fields and high temperatures makes SFMO an ideal candidate for room temperature spintronics applications. Primarily, most of the research work on double perovskites SFMO has been focused on bulk ceramic samples and aimed to understand their structural, magnetic, and magnetotransport properties, along with correlation among them. A material such as SFMO that exhibits a large decrease in resistivity and magnetically order well above room temperature is necessary for the advancement of spintronic devices. If the bulk properties observed could be reproduced in thin films, industrially produced SFMO-based spintronic devices could become a reality. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to present the detailed background and descriptions of the double perovskite Sr2FeMoO6 (SFMO) thin films and heterostructures with main emphasis to improve or achieve room temperature magnetoresistance properties especially for room temperature magnetoresistive device applications.
Focal myositis of the tongue presenting as macroglossia

Focal myositis (FM) is a benign localized inflammatory process of unknown aetiology, which presents as a rapidly enlarging soft‐tissue mass that evolves into a localized lesion. It is most often mistaken for a neoplasm. Histologically, it is characterized by marked myopathic changes of the muscle fibres, lymphocytic infiltration and interstitial fibrosis. We describe a case of focal myositis of the tongue and review this rare condition.