Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Child safety from the perspective of essential needs

OBJECTIVE: to characterize the maternal care for children under one year of age with a view to child health promotion at home. METHOD: exploratory study with qualitative data analysis, thematic mode, based on the conceptual framework of the essential needs of children, based on interviews recorded with 16 mothers. RESULTS: the analysis of the maternal narratives showed elements that facilitate the promotion of child safety: presence and involvement of the parents, constant surveillance for physical and emotional protection, experiences to stimulate child development, support networks for childcare at home; and inhibiting elements of child safety: limited perception of characteristics of child development and of children's singularities, overprotection and difficulties to set limits. CONCLUSION: the study enhances the understanding of home care in child health promotion, directing professional actions to guarantee ongoing nurturing relationships, protection, respect for individual differences, experiences appropriate to child development, limit setting and construction of stable and supportive social networks. In addition, the relevance of considering the maternal perspective in child health care is considered, as a strategy to apprehend aspects related to the attendance of the growth and development needs, particularly for child health promotion at home.
Micro-magnetic resonance imaging and embryological analysis of wild-type and pma mutant mice with clubfoot

Gross similarities between the external appearance of the hind limbs of the peroneal muscle atrophy (pma) mouse mutant and congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), a human disorder historically referred to as ‘clubfoot’, suggested that this mutant could be a useful model. We used micro‐magnetic resonance imaging to visualize the detailed anatomy of the hind limb defect in mutant pma mice and performed 3D comparisons between mutant and wild‐type hind limbs. We found that the pma foot demonstrates supination (i.e. adduction and inversion of the mid foot and fore foot together with plantar flexion of the ankle and toes) and that the tibiale and distal tarsals display 3D abnormalities in positioning. The size and shape of the tibia, fibula, tarsal and metatarsal bones are similar to the wild‐type. Hypoplasia of the muscles in the antero‐lateral (peroneal) compartment was also demonstrated. The resemblance of these features to those seen in CTEV suggests that the pma mouse is a possibly useful model for the human condition. To understand how the observed deformities in the pma mouse hind foot arise during embryonic development, we followed the process of foot rotation in both wild‐type and pma mutant mice. Rotation of the hind foot in mouse embryos of wild‐type strains (CD‐1 and C57/Black) occurs from embryonic day 14.5 onwards with rotation in C57/Black taking longer. In embryos from both strains, rotation of the right hind foot more commonly precedes rotation of the left. In pma mutants, the initiation of rotation is often delayed and rotation is slower and does not reach completion. If the usefulness of the pma mutant as a model is confirmed, then these findings on pma mouse embryos, when extrapolated to humans, would support a long‐standing hypothesis that CTEV is due to the failure of completion of the normal process of rotation and angulation, historically known as the ‘arrested development hypothesis’.
Understanding and Overcoming Barriers: Learning Experiences of Undergraduate Sudanese Students at an Australian University

An increase in migration of Sudanese and South Sudanese people to Australia due to civil unrest in their home country has increased the numbers of Sudanese students at university. Migrant experiences, particularly those of English as a second language, can impact negatively on education and learning. Inconsistencies between student scores on assessments and oral abilities in class prompted an exploratory project to identify barriers to success and create appropriate resources for students. The project utilised a multi-method approach to explore the experiences of the Sudanese students (n=22) enrolled at Edith Cowan University in Western Australia. Two quantitative scales examined motivations for learning and English Language Confidence. Interviews or focus groups explored the students’ perceptions of their learning and university experiences. The findings indicate that students are extrinsically motivated to study, confident in their language skills but required additional support to improve their written English. The barriers include socio-political factors unique to Sudanese students. Finally recommendations to assist these students are presented.
A novel power converter of high voltage switched reluctance drive

Due to the lack of withstand voltage of power electronic devices, and the voltage equalization among devices is hard to achieve when cascading the devices directly, the development of high-voltage switched reluctance drive has been blocked. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel high-voltage switched reluctance drive power converter structured by low-voltage power electronic devices. It introduces the composition and principles of the novel high-voltage switched reluctance drive power converter, describes its circuit and voltage superposition principle, and establishes the corresponding control strategy. It has been verified by experiments that the novel high-voltage switched reluctance drive power converter could decrease the change rate of the motor winding voltage to reduce the threat against winding insulation, and make almost no harmonic pollution on the grid.
Efficacy of Pertussis Vaccines: A Brighter Horizon

A study of pertussis infections in 186 children under 11 years of age in the Manchester region during 1969-71 suggests that recently-manufactured vaccines have been more effective than those made before 1967. The earlier vaccines were effective mainly against the serotypes of Bordetella pertussis possessing antigen 2, while those made from 1967 are more nearly equal in their effectiveness against thedi fferent serotypes. A booster dose of the earlier vaccines did not prevent infection with type 1,3 organisms, but we obtained a positive culture from only one child who had received four doses of recent vaccine. Simultaneous infection of a child with two or more serotypes was frequently seen. The predominant serotype in a patient was usually type 1,3; less often it was type 1,2,3 or type 1,2; it was never type 1. A change of serotype sometimes occurs during the course of the illness and is probably directed by the vaccination status of the patient in relation to the serotype of the initial infection. Our findings emphasize the need for vaccines to contain adequate amounts of all three pertussis agglutinogens, and for satisfactory immunization schedules to be used in their administration.
Hight fault tolerance in neural crossbar

Proposed nanometer-scale electronic devices are generally expected to feature an increased probability of manufacturing defects. We present in this paper a novel, highly fault-tolerant architecture, based on memristor crossbar architecture that may enable reliable implementation of neural network. Simulation results of our learning method inspired of Delta rule [1] for monolayer crossbar, exhibits very fast convergence rate to learn Boolean functions. In addition we simulate the impact of defects to measure the ability of our architecture to repair defective neurons, using a competitive learning scheme with or without redundancy. The architecture is able to learn the Boolean functions with manufacturing defect rate up to 13% with reasonable redundancy amount. It shows the best fault-tolerance performance comparing with the other techniques like RMR, von Neumann multiplexing and reconfiguration.
Tumor Suppressor P53 Binding Protein 1 (53bp1) Is Involved in DNA Damage–Signaling Pathways

The tumor suppressor p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) binds to the DNA-binding domain of p53 and enhances p53-mediated transcriptional activation. 53BP1 contains two breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 COOH terminus (BRCT) motifs, which are present in several proteins involved in DNA repair and/or DNA damage–signaling pathways. Thus, we investigated the potential role of 53BP1 in DNA damage–signaling pathways. Here, we report that 53BP1 becomes hyperphosphorylated and forms discrete nuclear foci in response to DNA damage. These foci colocalize at all time points with phosphorylated H2AX (γ-H2AX), which has been previously demonstrated to localize at sites of DNA strand breaks. 53BP1 foci formation is not restricted to γ-radiation but is also detected in response to UV radiation as well as hydroxyurea, camptothecin, etoposide, and methylmethanesulfonate treatment. Several observations suggest that 53BP1 is regulated by ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) after DNA damage. First, ATM-deficient cells show no 53BP1 hyperphosphorylation and reduced 53BP1 foci formation in response to γ-radiation compared with cells expressing wild-type ATM. Second, wortmannin treatment strongly inhibits γ-radiation–induced hyperphosphorylation and foci formation of 53BP1. Third, 53BP1 is readily phosphorylated by ATM in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that 53BP1 is an ATM substrate that is involved early in the DNA damage–signaling pathways in mammalian cells.
Towards characterizing primary usage in cellular networks: A traffic-based study

An in depth understanding of cellular traffic, and thus of spectrum usage, is essential for estimating better opportunities offered by a secondary use of spectrum. Due to the fact that user activity in cellular networks is expected to exhibit a highly dynamic behavior in space and time, there is a significant benefit to be gained from measurement-driven studies. A careful analysis of spatio-temporal traffic patterns provides us insights not only in the efficiency of cellular networks, but these models can be used to model future use of and need for secondary spectrum. Towards this direction our aim in this paper is to present a part of our on-going work on the analysis of real-world traffic data collected within a country-wide GSM cellular network for a period of four weeks.
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE MEDICINA Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria

Objective: analyze the effects of physical exercise in Quality of Life (QoL) of depressed individuals and the methodological quality of these studies. Methods: Systematic literature searches to identify relevant articles. Critical review of selected articles using pre-defined criteria. Results: 4 articles meet the inclusion criteria and were eligible for this study. Most of papers were in older adults (three articles), utilizes heterogeneous interventions (anaerobic and aerobic plus anaerobic) and duration of interventions ranged from 8 to 32 weeks, 2 or 3 times week. All the fours studies show benefits in QoL at many domains, especially at physical and mental health however, an internal validity analyses reveals several methodological flaws in all selected articles. Conclusions: Most of the selected studies show benefits in QoL of depressed patients after an exercise intervention, especially at physical and psychological domain however, the methodological flaws may distort our analyses. Further, more methodologically robust trials should be performed to estimate the effects of physical exercise on QoL of depressive patients. Also, more data is needed to analyze the differences between intensity, duration and type of exercises and their effect on depression and QoL.
Extending the Cognitive Mediation Model: Examining Factors Associated With Perceived Familiarity and Factual Knowledge of Nanotechnology

This research—a pilot study on the cognitive mediation model (CMM) in Singapore—seeks to revisit and test the applicability of an extended CMM in the context of nanotechnology by examining perceived familiarity as a separate outcome variable in addition to factual knowledge. A cross-sectional survey was administered to a nationally representative sample of 719 adult Singaporeans. Results demonstrated partial support for the hypothesized CMM. First, elaboration was positively associated with both factual knowledge and perceived familiarity, whereas interpersonal discussions about science was associated only with familiarity. Results also showed differential relationships between attention to media platforms (traditional vs. new media) and reflective integration (composed of elaborative processing and interpersonal discussion); whereas attention to science reporting in newspapers and science television programs were associated with elaboration, media attention across all platforms were associated with interpersonal discussions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Classifying sentiment in arabic social networks: Naïve search versus Naïve bayes

Social networks contain large amounts of posts of different data types (text, images, sounds and videos). Textual posts express authors' opinions (with or against) or feeling (love, hate, optimism, pessimism, or anger). Such opinions are important for commercial and governmental organization since they help checking public opinion about a product, policy or an object in general. In this paper we present the application of two different approaches to classify Arabic Facebook posts. The first one depends on syntactic features, using common patterns used in different Arabic dialects to express opinions. These patterns achieved high accuracy in determining the polarity of a sentiment even when tested against new corpus. This approach acts on informal Arabic text, which has not been addressed before. Different setups were tried and the highest coverage and accuracy achieved were 49.5% and 83.4 % respectively. The second approach is an ordinary probabilistic model, Naïve-Bayes classifier, that assumes the independence of features in determining the class the highest coverage achieved in this approach was 60.5% in the first setup and 91.2% when Naïve search was used as a binary classifier to classify the posts as objective or subjective.
Using Error-Correcting Codes with Co-Training for text classification with a large number of categories

A major concern with supervised learning techniques for tex t classification is that they often require a large number of labeled exam ples to learn accurately. One way to reduce the amount of labeled data requ ired is to develop algorithms that can learn effectively from a small n umber of labeled examples augmented with a large number of unlabeled ex amples. In this paper, we develop a framework to incorporate unlabel ed data in the Error-Correcting Output Coding (ECOC) setup by decompo sing multiclass problems into multiple binary problems and then use Co-Training to learn the individual binary classification problems. We s how that our method is especially useful for classification tasks involv ing a large number of categories where Co-training doesn’t perform very we ll by itself and when combined with ECOC, outperforms several other algo rithms that combine labeled and unlabeled data for text classificat ion. We also find that our combination method outperforms EM in terms of ac curacy and is also able to provide high-precision results.
The Time Series and Cross-Section Asymptotics of Dynamic Panel Data Estimators

In this paper we derive the asymptotic properties of within groups (WG), GMM and LIML estimators for an autoregressive model with random effects when both T and N tend to infinity. GMM and LIML are consistent and asymptotically equivalent to the WG estimator. When T/N->0 the fixed T results for GMM and LIML remain valid, but WG although consistent has an asymptotic bias in its asymptotic distribution. When T/N tends to a positive constant, the WG, GMM and LIML estimators exhibit negative asymptotic biases of order T,N and (2N-T), respectively. In addition, the crude GMM estimator that neglects the autocorrelation in first differenced errors is inconsistent as T/N->c>0, despite being consistent for fixed T. Finally, we discuss the properties of a random effects MLE with unrestricted initial conditions when both T and N tend to infinity.
Using rules to improve letter to sound conversion of names

This paper presents an investigation of the use of context sensitive rewrite rules for improving the performance of data driven letter to sound conversion, concentrating on the specific case of British names. Taking a practical point of view, emphasis is put on reduction of the worst phonetization errors, and on improving the maintainability of the system -helping in database cultivation, and allowing an easier way of correcting errors. The rules are shown to be useful in cleaning the training database, improving the letter to phoneme alignment, and helping control the structure of the decision trees. Evaluation has shown that the suggested method outperforms the pure data driven method both in objective and subjective tests, on British and American name tasks.
Recent Benchmark Computations of Laminar Flow Around a Cylinder

SUMMARY An overview of recent benchmark computations for 2D and 3D laminar ows around a cylinder is given. These have been deened for a comparison of diierent solution approaches for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations developed within the DFG Priority Research Program \Flow Simulation on High Performance Computers". The principal purpose of the benchmarks is discussed and some general conclusions which can be drawn from the (partially surprising) results are formulated. The exact deenitions of the benchmarks, the numerical schemes and the computers employed by the various participating groups can be found in detail in 2]. In the end of our talk we present a new mathematical concept for rigorous error control and corresponding eecient algorithmical tools which can be applied to CFD{simulations.
The C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli Hfq is required for regulation

The Escherichia coli RNA chaperone Hfq is involved in riboregulation of target mRNAs by small trans-encoded non-coding (ncRNAs). Previous structural and genetic studies revealed a RNA-binding surface on either site of the Hfq-hexamer, which suggested that one hexamer can bring together two RNAs in a pairwise fashion. The Hfq proteins of different bacteria consist of an evolutionarily conserved core, whereas there is considerable variation at the C-terminus, with the γ- and β-proteobacteria possessing the longest C-terminal extension. Using different model systems, we show that a C-terminally truncated variant of Hfq (Hfq65), comprising the conserved hexameric core of Hfq, is defective in auto- and riboregulation. Although Hfq65 retained the capacity to bind ncRNAs, and, as evidenced by fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays, to induce structural changes in the ncRNA DsrA, the truncated variant was unable to accommodate two non-complementary RNA oligonucleotides, and was defective in mRNA binding. These studies indicate that the C-terminal extension of E. coli Hfq constitutes a hitherto unrecognized RNA interaction surface with specificity for mRNAs.
Associations between mortality and air pollution in central Europe.

Increased mortality has been observed in association with elevated concentrations of air pollutants in European cities and in the United States. We reassessed the effects of particulate matter in Central Europe. Mortality and air pollution data were obtained for a highly polluted region of the Czech Republic and a rural region in Germany. Poisson regression analyses were conducted considering trend, season, meteorology, and influenza epidemics as confounders in both a parametric and a nonparametric approach. The Czech Republic had a 3.8% increase in mortality [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8-6.9%] in association with 100 microg/m(3) total suspended particles (TSP) (lagged 2 days) for the time period 1982-1994. During the last 2 years of study, 68% of the TSP consisted of particulate matter [less than/equal to] 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)). An increase of 100 microg/m(3) TSP (lagged 1 day) was associated with a 9.5% increase in mortality (CI, 1.2-18.5%) and 100 microg/m(3) PM(10 )(lagged 1 day) showed a 9.8% increase in mortality (CI, 0.7-19.7%). We found no evidence for an association between mortality and particulate matter in the rural area in Germany at the Czech border. Data from the coal basin in the Czech Republic suggested an increase in mortality associated with the concentration of particulate matter in a highly polluted setting in Central Europe that is consistent with the associations observed in other western European cities and in the United States. ImagesFigure 1Figure 2
Inverse dualization and non-local dualities between Einstein gravity and supergravities

We investigate non-local dualities between suitably compactified higher dimensional Einstein gravity and supergravities which can be revealed if one reinterprets the dualized Kaluza–Klein 2-forms in D > 4 as antisymmetric forms belonging to supergravities. We find several examples of such a correspondence including one between the six-dimensional Einstein gravity and the four-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell–dilaton–axion theory (truncated N = 4 supergravity), and others between the compactified eleven- and ten-dimensional supergravities and the eight- or ten-dimensional pure gravity. The Killing spinor equation of the D = 11 supergravity is shown to be equivalent to the geometric Killing spinor equation in the dual gravity. We give several examples of using new dualities for solution generation and demonstrate how p-branes can be interpreted as non-local duals of pure gravity solutions. New supersymmetric solutions are presented including M2 ⊂ 5-brane with two rotation parameters.
School Characteristics and Teacher Policy Influence: Evidence From New York City

Proponents of the charter school movement often claim that the decentralized, autonomous nature of charter schools from district and state authority allows teachers greater influence over school policy both instructionally and administratively. Using a data set of 1,427 New York City schools, we empirically examine the extent to which organizational characteristics predict the amount of policy influence charter schools and traditional public schools grant to teachers. Results indicate not only do charter schools grant their teachers less policy influence but also other organizational features are stronger predictors of teacher policy influence including several nonlinear relationships. Directions for future research are discussed.