Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogeny of Ascotricha, including two new marine algae-associated species

Phylogenetic analyses based on a broad taxonomic sampling of Ascotricha were conducted using the sequences of nuc rDNA region encompassing the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2, along with the 5.8S rDNA (ITS), partial nuc 18S rDNA (18S) and partial β-tubulin gene (TUB2). Hypoxyloid Xylariaceae and xylarioid Xylariaceae were inferred as two distinct lineages in the Xylariaceae in the combined ITS-TUB2 phylogeny. Within xylarioid Xylariaceae species of Ascotricha form a monophyletic group. Two new marine algae-associated fungi, Ascotricha longipila and A. parvispora, are described on the basis of morphological and molecular characters and the combination, A. sinuosa, is proposed. A synopsis of the morphological characters and a dichotomous key to Ascotricha species are provided.
FIVE PLANETS TRANSITING A NINTH MAGNITUDE STAR

The Kepler mission has revealed a great diversity of planetary systems and architectures, but most of the planets discovered by Kepler orbit faint stars. Using new data from the K2 mission, we present the discovery of a five-planet system transiting a bright (V = 8.9, K = 7.7) star called HIP 41378. HIP 41378 is a slightly metal-poor late F-type star with moderate rotation (v sin i ≃ 7 km s − 1 ) and lies at a distance of 116 ± 18 pc from Earth. We find that HIP 41378 hosts two sub-Neptune-sized planets orbiting 3.5% outside a 2:1 period commensurability in 15.6 and 31.7 day orbits. In addition, we detect three planets that each transit once during the 75 days spanned by K2 observations. One planet is Neptune-sized in a likely ∼160 day orbit, one is sub-Saturn-sized, likely in a ∼130 day orbit, and one is a Jupiter-sized planet in a likely ∼1 year orbit. We show that these estimates for the orbital periods can be made more precise by taking into account dynamical stability considerations. We also calculate the distribution of stellar reflex velocities expected for this system, and show that it provides a good target for future radial velocity observations. If a precise orbital period can be determined for the outer Jovian planets through future observations, this system will be an excellent candidate for follow-up transit observations to study its atmosphere and measure its oblateness.
Painful leg ulceration: a prospective, longitudinal cohort study

This study aimed to explore the relationship between pain mechanism, pain intensity, and leg ulcer characteristics using a 6‐month longitudinal cohort study in a community setting in the north of England. Patients with leg ulceration referred consecutively to district nurses were invited to participate (n=96). The main outcome measures were pain intensity using daily visual analogue scores, leg ulcer characteristics (etiology, size, location, duration), and LANSS (Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs). Results suggested that type, duration, position, and size of the leg ulcer had no effect on average daily pain scores. Using the LANSS questionnaire, 43.5% of respondents reported symptoms suggestive of a neuropathic mechanism to their pain. Patients with neuropathic symptoms had higher average daily pain scores (p<0.001). Fewer people had healed ulcers at 6 months with neuropathic symptoms compared with those with no neuropathic symptoms (30.8 vs. 52.1%). It would seem that the severity of pain can not be predicted by the type, size, position, or duration of ulceration. Patients who scored positively for neuropathic symptoms had higher average daily pain scores and fewer had healed leg ulcers at 6 months compared with those who did not experience neuropathic signs and symptoms.
Searching for excellence in business education

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to contradict past and present perceptions of excellence in business education, and to present excellence as a primary element for future business education in an era of new challenges for global management.Design/methodology/approach – The approach, by which this paper is structured, is theoretical and has been based on literature regarding excellence in business education and philosophical works.Findings – The findings of the paper support the view that current business education results in a partial conception or misconception of management with immediate consequences in managerial decision making and business activity. Business education should be seen as an odyssey towards personal (balanced spiritual and technocratic) advancement that can pave the way for noble management behaviour.Practical implications – The paper brings out an alternative perspective on business education by considering economics and management as part of a unified context. The attainment of exc.
Characterization and use of an unprecedentedly bright and structurally non-perturbing fluorescent DNA base analogue

This article presents the first evidence that the DNA base analogue 1,3-diaza-2-oxophenoxazine, tCO, is highly fluorescent, both as free nucleoside and incorporated in an arbitrary DNA structure. tCO is thoroughly characterized with respect to its photophysical properties and structural performance in single- and double-stranded oligonucleotides. The lowest energy absorption band at 360 nm (ε = 9000 M−1 cm−1) is dominated by a single in-plane polarized electronic transition and the fluorescence, centred at 465 nm, has a quantum yield of 0.3. When incorporated into double-stranded DNA, tCO shows only minor variations in fluorescence intensity and lifetime with neighbouring bases, and the average quantum yield is 0.22. These features make tCO, on average, the brightest DNA-incorporated base analogue so far reported. Furthermore, it base pairs exclusively with guanine and causes minimal perturbations to the native structure of DNA. These properties make tCO a promising base analogue that is perfectly suited for e.g. photophysical studies of DNA interacting with macromolecules (proteins) or for determining size and shape of DNA tertiary structures using techniques such as fluorescence anisotropy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET).
Three‐dimensional cell culture models for anticancer drug screening: Worth the effort?

High attrition of new oncology drug candidates in clinical trials is partially caused by the poor predictive capacity of artificial monolayer cell culture assays early in drug discovery. Monolayer assays do not take the natural three‐dimensional (3D) microenvironment of cells into account. As a result, false positive compounds often enter clinical trials, leading to high dropout rates and a waste of time and money. Over the past 2 decades, tissue engineers and cell biologists have developed a broad range of 3D in vitro culturing tools that better represent in vivo cell biology. These tools preserve the 3D architecture of cells and can be used to predict toxicity of and resistance against antitumor agents. Recent progress in tissue engineering further improves 3D models by taking into account the tumor microenvironment, which is important for metastatic progression and vascularization. However, the widespread implementation of 3D cell cultures into cell‐based research programs has been limited by various factors, including their cost and reproducibility. In addition, different 3D cell culture techniques often produce spheroids of different size and shape, which can strongly influence drug efficacy and toxicity. Hence, it is imperative to morphometrically characterize multicellular spheroids to avoid generalizations among different spheroid types. Standardized 3D culturing procedures could further reduce data variability and enhance biological relevance. Here, we critically evaluate the benefits and challenges inherent to growing cells in 3D, along with an overview of the techniques used to form spheroids. This is done with a specific focus on antitumor drug screening.
Football hooliganism: comparing self-awareness and social identity theory explanations

The emergence of research interest in group violence in general and football hooliganism in particular has been explained by various models generally relying on situational or individual differences accounts. Yet, these two research traditions have largely evolved independently, showing little or no interaction. In the present study (N = 109), we integrate measures of these two approaches and the results reveal that social identity was more predictive of self-reported physical aggression than of loss of private and public self-awareness. Moreover, attitudes towards violence were the most marked predictor variables of both physical and verbal aggression. In the discussion, the moderator effect of social identity and attitudes about violence on physical aggression is elaborated upon.
Therapeutic strategies for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients with solid tumors

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) is a common adverse event during treatment of cancer patients, associated with increased morbidity, mortality, health care costs and impairment of patients’ quality of life which necessitate dose reductions. Areas covered: A computerized systematic literature search was performed through Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library to identify peer reviewed publications relevant to CIN, pathophysiology and epidemiology, patient risk-assessment and existing treatment approaches. Additionally, emerging issues such as alternative therapeutic options and implications in elderly care were addressed. Expert opinion: Although CIN represents a common adverse event in the management of patients with solid tumors, the heterogeneity in clinical practice across different settings underlines the need to improve existing tools for accurate patient classification. Moreover, the definition of the optimal implementation of out-patient treatment and the use of colony-stimulating factor as add-on treatment together with antibiotics should be further investigated in order to accumulate more solid data. Finally, physician education is required to ensure that scientific knowledge is implemented in the daily clinical practice.
Tolerate or Eliminate? A Systematic Review on the Effects of Safety Behavior Across Anxiety Disorders

[Clin Psychol Sci Prac 17: 218–233, 2010] Cognitive-behavioral models emphasize maintaining effects of safety behavior in anxiety disorders. Experimental evidence for deleterious effects of those behaviors is less consistent, leading to a controversy about their therapeutic use. The systematic integration of findings is hampered by the variety of concepts used to describe safety behavior, and methodological differences in empirical studies. This article provides a definition and classification of safety behavior in contrast to adaptive coping strategies. Existing evidence regarding contributions of safety behavior to onset and maintenance of anxiety disorders as well as effects of safety behavior on therapeutic outcome is reviewed. In contrast to previous justifications of safety behavior use, a rigorous procedure of identifying safety behavior and abandoning it throughout therapy is suggested.
Analysts, Interpreters, and Intelligence Interrogations: Perceptions and Insights

Summary Although analysts and interpreters have been recognized as critical members of human intelligence (HUMINT) interrogation teams, their perceptions of the interrogation process have yet to be explored in any systematic way. In a series of two studies, we interviewed a small number of highly experienced HUMINT analysts and surveyed a group of interpreters with experience supporting interrogations, about their experience with and perceptions of the interrogation process. We explored a variety of topics with each group, including training and selection, role and function, how best to utilize an analyst/interpreter, logistics (e.g., analyst models and interpreter placement), third-party observations/feedback, perceived effectiveness of interrogation techniques, and team dynamics. The results of these studies may be used to establish, for the first time, baseline knowledge and reported best practices about the HUMINT interrogation process from the analyst and interpreter perspectives, which may ultimately influence training and practice models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective efficacy of Solanum xanthocarpum root extracts against free radical damage: phytochemical analysis and antioxidant effect.

Free radicals have been implicated in many diseases. They attack biological macromolecules in healthy human cells and cause protein and DNA damage along with lipid peroxidation. Present study reports the phytochemical analysis as well as free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of Solanum xanthocarpum root extracts. Tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroids were present in different extracts. Total flavonoid content in extracts was quantified and maximum contents were found in ethyl acetate fraction followed by chloroform and ethyl alcohol fractions, respectively. Dose dependent response was observed in metal ion chelating activity of extracts. Comparatively better chelating activity was found in polar extracts. Most of the extracts exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity in DPPH radical scavenging assay. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts accounted for about 40—50% lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPOI) in rat liver homogenate. Antioxidant activity did not show direct correlation with the amount of flavonoid contents in the extracts. However, direct correlation was observed between DPPH free radical scavenging activity and LPOI. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was compared with standard antioxidants. The differential activity observed in extracts could be attributed to the presence of other phytochemicals such as tannins and terpenoids in addition to flavonoids. The study demonstrated appreciable protective efficacy in S. xanthocarpum root extracts against free radical damage.
Own clinical experience with functional bracing for treatment of pseudarthrosis and delayed union of the tibia.

BACKGROUND Functional bracing is a proven method of treatment of tibial fractures. Since 1998 we use individually produced braces made of "combicast" according to Schuren technique. The brace greatly limits the angulation and displacement allowing the axial compression, promoting the physiology of fracture healing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Functional bracing was applied in 51 patients, ageing from 18 top 69 years. The conservative treatment was previously performed in 16 patients, and 35 patients were treated surgivcally (from 1 to three surgeries in other centers). The delayed union was diagnosed in 28 patients - no signs of bone healing after 4 months after fracture. In 23 patients the pseudarthrosis of tibia was diagnosed after 6 months of treatment. In 9 patients shock wave therapy or bone marrow injection was additionally performed. RESULTS In all 35 patients, but one, who were treated only with the use of functional bracing, the bone consolidation, after 4 to 12 months of treatment was obtained. In cases with delayed union the fast normalization of blood circulation with subsidence of swelling and fast restoration of rang of the joints motion was observed. X-ray reveals fracture healing with disappearing of local osteoporosis. The patients feel comfortable and require only minimal rehabilitation. Biological stimulation can be achieved by means of shock waves or bone transplantation. No complication according to the functional brace was noted. CONCLUSIONS This safe and economic method constitues an important aid in treatment of non only acute but also of complicated tibial fractures.
Evaluating and extending the Travel Career Patterns model

This paper examines a newly created approach to exploring travel motivations, the Travel Career Patterns (TCP) model. Through an analysis of the TCP model, the authors advance travel motivation theory by making three contributions: a refinement of the definition of travel experience; the use and evaluation of essays as a qualitative tool for interpreting travel motives; and an extension of the TCP model to a new setting. The first contribution is made by defining travel experience as a function of general experience with a de-emphasis on the use of age as a predictor of tourist experience. As part of the second contribution, essays are used to provide an insightful and emic understanding of travel motives through descriptions of a perfect day at a destination. It is demonstrated that such descriptions can effectively replicate results from quantitative approaches. The third contribution is made by extending the TCP model to the study of the motivations of study-abroad university students. These contributions improve the TCP model in light of the following elements of a sound theory of tourist motivation: ease of communication, ability to measure travel motivation, and employment of a dynamic approach. Contextual recommendations for future research include further TCP studies with small tourist groups, studies of eccentric tourist groups, and studies of complex, higher order motives such as self-actualisation and the 'flow' state. Methodological recommendations arising from this paper encompass the application of projective techniques to study motives using TCP and the use of software for qualitative analyses.
Development and Validation of a Situational Judgment Test of Emotional Intelligence

The present study describes the development and validation of a situational judgment test (SJT) of emotional intelligence (EI). Initially, 80 situations and three response alternatives for each situation were created based on the available theoretical models. Principal component factor analysis with direct oblimin rotation of data (N = 213) yielded a three‐factor structure with 46 items. These factors were (1) utilizing own emotion, (2) sensing other's emotion, and (3) understanding emotional context. Additional studies showed that the measure had good internal consistency and test‐retest reliability. None of the three factors strongly correlated with the Big Five factors of personality (NEO Five‐Factor Inventory, thus establishing its identity as a construct distinct from personality. Findings of confirmatory factor analysis on secondary data reconfirm the three‐factor model for a 46‐item SJT of EI. The second study also found no correlation among these three factors, intelligence scores measured using Raven's Matrices, and trait EI score measured using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. The third study was conducted in order to determine the relationship of SJT of EI with academic achievement and life satisfaction. All three factors of SJT‐based EI measure were significantly associated with academic achievement and life satisfaction.
Spatial configuration of the chicken α-globin gene domain: immature and active chromatin hubs

The spatial configuration of the chicken α-globin gene domain in erythroid and lymphoid cells was studied by using the Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) approach. Real-time PCR with TaqMan probes was employed to estimate the frequencies of cross-linking of different restriction fragments within the domain. In differentiated cultured erythroblasts and in 10-day chick embryo erythrocytes expressing ‘adult’ αA and αD globin genes the following elements of the domain were found to form an ‘active’ chromatin hub: upstream Major Regulatory Element (MRE), −9 kb upstream DNase I hypersensitive site (DHS), −4 kb upstream CpG island, αD gene promoter and the downstream enhancer. The αA gene promoter was not present in the ‘active’ chromatin hub although the level of αA gene transcription exceeded that of the αD gene. Formation of the ‘active’ chromatin hub was preceded by the assembly of multiple incomplete hubs containing MRE in combination with either −9 kb DHS or other regulatory elements of the domain. These incomplete chromatin hubs were present in proliferating cultured erythroblasts which did not express globin genes. In lymphoid cells only the interaction between the αD promoter and the CpG island was detected.
On the feasibility of full-duplex relaying in the presence of loop interference

We consider a two-hop infrastructure-based relay link with three transmit power allocation methods. Both amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward protocols are studied. Fundamentally, a relay can operate either in a full-duplex or in a half-duplex mode. The performance in full-duplex relaying is degraded due to loop interference from the relay output to the relay input. On the other hand, the half-duplex mode eliminates the loop interference, but this reduces the end-to-end rate. In this paper, we study the feasibility of the full-duplex mode in terms of end-to-end capacity. In particular, we evaluate break-even loop interference levels, below which the full-duplex mode outperforms the half-duplex mode. The analysis shows that the full-duplex mode is feasible in the presence of reasonably high loop interference power and can offer higher capacity than the half-duplex mode.
ON THE DENSITY DISTRIBUTION IN STAR-FORMING INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS

We use deep adaptive mesh refinement simulations of isothermal self-gravitating supersonic turbulence to study the imprints of gravity on the mass density distribution in molecular clouds. The simulations show that the density distribution in self-gravitating clouds develops an extended power-law tail at high densities on top of the usual lognormal. We associate the origin of the tail with self-similar collapse solutions and predict the power index values in the range from −7/4 to −3/2 that agree with both simulations and observations of star-forming molecular clouds.
Methodology to develop a performance measurement system in small and medium-sized enterprises

Performance measurement systems (PMS) enable enterprises to evaluate the extent to which their goals are being met and the efficiency of their decisions by means of a set of indicators. Nevertheless their implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is scarce. One of the reasons for this is the lack of suitable methodologies to guide the implementation of a PMS focused on the specific needs of SMEs. In this article, we propose a methodology for designing and implementing PMS adapted to the characteristics of SMEs.
The Conservation of Biodiversity in Protected Areas: Comparing the Presentation of Legal Innovations in the National and the Regional Press

Legal innovation is responsible for major transformations in societies. Taking the press as a mediator between the national and local levels, this article addresses the role it plays in the presentation of new laws governing protected areas. A content analysis comparing the representation in the national and the regional presses of both the Natura 2000 laws and the conservation of the Iberian lynx shows two distinct and pragmatic reconstructions of these themes. The national press is more aligned with sustainability goals, while overlooking the difficulties of implementing the law in concrete contexts. The regional press emphasizes the practical difficulties the laws create for the protected areas, using emotionally charged arguments. The conclusions discuss how a social psychology of legal innovation may be relevant to understanding the psychosocial processes involved in the progress of legal innovation and how identity and group processes are involved in the re-signification and contestation of laws.