Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abnormal white matter integrity in young children with autism

This study investigated white matter integrity in young children with autism using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Twenty‐two children with autism, mean age 3:2 years, and 32 controls, mean age 3:4 years, participated in the study. Tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) revealed white matter abnormalities in several distinct clusters within the genu and body of the corpus callosum (CC), left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and right and left cingulum (Cg). TBSS–VOIs analysis was performed in the clusters where differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) were detected to investigate the relationship between changes in FA and diffusivity indices. In all VOIs, increase in FA was caused by a decrease in radial diffusivity (Dr), while no changes in axial diffusivity (Da) or mean diffusivity (MD) were observed. Tractography analysis was applied to further study the CC, SLF, and Cg. Witelson parcellation scheme was used for the CC. Significant increase in FA was seen in children with autism in the mid‐body of the CC as well as in the left Cg. It is suggested that such abnormal white matter integrity in young children with autism may adversely affect connectivity between different brain regions and may be linked to some of the behavioral impairments apparent in autism. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison process between hand lay-up, vacuum infusion and vacuum bagging method toward e-glass EW 185/lycal composites

This study about reinforced e glass fibers with processed of lycal composites resin by using hand lay-up, vacuum infusion, and vacuum bagging method. Plain-weave type woven glass fabric, commercial code: EW185 cloth, has been used as the GFRP. Experiments carried out include tensile testing to obtain tensile stress, tensile strain, and elastic modulus performed using UTM (Universal Testing Machine) tools. In addition, density, composite thickness, mass fraction and fraction of composite material volume and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) photographs can be determined to see the bond density between fibers and resins. Specimen preparation refers to ASTM D3039 which is the standard tensile test for composites with a polymeric matrix. Compared with hand lay-up, vacuum infusion, and vacuum bagging method, Vacuum infusion has the best ultimate tensile strength that is 346.15 MPa and average modulus elasticity is 10673.4 MPa. Failure Mode is also DAT.
Protein Intake and Distribution in Relation to Physical Functioning and Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Elderly People: Acknowledging the Role of Physical Activity

Increasing total protein intake and a spread protein intake distribution are potential strategies to attenuate sarcopenia related loss of physical function and quality of life. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether protein intake and protein intake distribution are associated with muscle strength, physical function and quality of life in community-dwelling elderly people with a wide range of physical activity. Dietary and physical activity data were obtained from two studies (N = 140, age 81 ± 6, 64% male), with the following outcome measures: physical functioning (Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), comprising balance, gait speed and chair rise tests), handgrip strength and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). Protein intake distribution was calculated for each participant as a coefficient of variance (CV = SD of grams of protein intake per main meal divided by the average total amount of proteins (grams) of the main meals). Based on the CV, participants were divided into tertiles and classified as spread, intermediate or pulse. The average total protein intake was 1.08 ± 0.29 g/kg/day. Total protein intake was not associated with outcome measures using multivariate regression analyses. Individuals with a spread protein diet during the main meals (CV < 0.43) had higher gait speed compared to those with an intermediate diet (CV 0.43–0.62) (β = −0.42, p = 0.035), whereas a spread and pulse protein diet were not associated with SPPB total score, chair rise, grip strength and Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY). The interaction of higher physical activity and higher total protein intake was significantly associated with higher quality of life (β = 0.71, p = 0.049). While this interaction was not associated with SPPB or grip strength, the association with quality of life emphasizes the need for a higher total protein intake together with an active lifestyle in the elderly.
Artisanal Spearfishery in Temperate Nearshore Ecosystems of Chile: Exploring the Catch Composition, Revenue, and Management Needs

Abstract We used extensive field data on catch and effort as well as fisher interviews to characterize the catch composition and revenue associated with the unregulated artisanal spearfishery in Chile (18–33°S). Sampling was performed on commercial spearfishing trips (snorkel and hookah diving gear) between spring 2010 and summer 2011. Two-way crossed ANOVA showed significant effects of region (latitude) and dive gear on fishery variables such as biomass CPUE (CPUEb), numeric CPUE (CPUEn), catch species richness, fishing depth, cost, and income. Catches included 22 fish species from 15 families. Among the 23 species, 17 were associated with temperate rocky reef habitats: 14 carnivorous species, 2 omnivorous species, and 1 herbivorous species. Our results indicated that smaller, less-valuable rocky reef fishes (e.g., Peruvian Morwong Cheilodactylus variegatus, Chilean Sandperch Pinguipes chilensis, and Peruvian Rock Seabass Paralabrax humeralis) supported higher CPUEb and CPUEn than large, high-value, emblematic rocky reef species (e.g., Vieja Graus nigra, Galapagos Sheephead Wrasse Semicossyphus darwini, and Acha Medialuna ancietae). The CPUEb was significantly higher for hookah fishers than for snorkel fishers. Our results revealed that artisanal spearfishing activities provide important revenue for the fishers (2–3 times the minimum monthly wage in Chile), thereby incentivizing a rapid expansion of this unregulated fishery. Management options based on territorial user rights and catch and size restrictions are discussed in light of these findings.
Papilledema revisiting after sinus angioplasty of chronic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

This case series aimed to review the significance of revisiting papilledema after successful cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) management with sinus angioplasty. Four patients presented with blurring and transient obscuration of vision with papilledema, headache, tinnitus, and vomiting. On magnetic resonance venography and digital subtraction angiography, chronic transverse sinus thrombosis was diagnosed for which patients underwent endovascular intervention (stenting). After the resolution of CVST, patients developed the recurrence of symptoms which on digital subtraction angiography revealed dural arteriovenous malformation (DAVM). DAVM and papilledema resolved with endovascular embolization. This case series highlights a need of constant monitoring of CVST cases after the endovascular intervention.
Cutting Force Model for Thermal-Assisted Machining of Tool Steel Based on the Taguchi Method

This paper investigates cutting force in thermal-assisted machining (TAM) by induction heating for SKD11 tool steel which is widely used in the mold industry. Experimental studies were first conducted at room and elevated temperatures to evaluate the effectiveness of the heating process on chip morphology and the cutting forces during the thermal-assisted machining and comparing with conventional machining method. The Taguchi method based on orthogonal array and analysis of variance ANOVA method was then used to design the number of experiments and evaluate the influence of cutting speed, feed rate, cutting depth, and elevated temperature on the cutting force. Study results showed a decrease in the cutting force in the TAM process. The optimal condition of parameters obtained for thermal-assisted machining were cutting speed 280 m/min, feed rate 230 mm/min, cutting depth 0.5 mm and temperature 400 °C. Finally, a proposed equation was established to determine the cutting force that was presented as a function of elevated temperatures when milling SKD11 material. A proposed cutting force model was compared, evaluated and confirmed to be in good agreement with experimental results.
Occurrence of plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. recovered from Corvus brachyrhynchos and Corvus corax roosting in Canada

The spread of antimicrobial resistance from human activity derived sources to natural habitats implicates wildlife as potential vectors of antimicrobial resistance transfer. Wild birds, including corvid species can disseminate mobile genetic resistance determinants through faeces. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates obtained from winter roosting sites of American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and common ravens (Corvus corax) in Canada. Faecal swabs were collected at five roosting sites across Canada. Selective media isolation and multiplex PCR screening was utilized to identify PMQR genes followed by gene sequencing, pulse‐field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing to characterize isolates. Despite the low prevalence of E. coli containing PMQR (1·3%, 6/449), qnrS1, qnrB19, qnrC, oqxAB and aac(6′)‐Ib‐cr genes were found in five sequence types (ST), including E. coli ST 131. Conversely, one isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae contained the plasmid‐mediated resistance gene qnrB19. Five different K. pneumoniae STs were identified, including two novel types. The occurrence of PMQR genes and STs of public health significance in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from corvids gives further evidence of the anthropogenic derived dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants at the human activity‐wildlife‐environment interface.
Atomic and electronic properties of quasi-one-dimensional MoS_2 nanowires

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of quasi-one-dimensional MoS_2nanowires (NWs), passivated by extra sulfur, have been determined using ab initio density functional theory. The nanostructures were simulated using several different models based on experimental electron microscopy images and theoretical literature. It is found that independently of the geometrical details and the coverage of extra sulfur at the Mo edge, quasi-one-dimensional metallic states are predominant in all the low-energy model structures despite their reduced dimensionality. These metallic states are localized mainly at the edges. However, the electronic and magnetic character of the NWs does not depend only on the S saturation but also on the symmetry configuration of the S edge atoms. Our results show that for the same S saturation, the magnetization can be decreased by increasing the pairing of the S and Mo edge atoms. In spite of the observed pairing of S dimers at the Mo edge, the NWs do not experience a Peierls-like metal–insulator transition.
Suicidality, Bullying and Other Conduct and Mental Health Correlates of Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescents

Objective Our knowledge on the adverse correlates of traumatic brain injuries (TBI), including non-hospitalized cases, among adolescents is limited to case studies. We report lifetime TBI and adverse mental health and conduct behaviours associated with TBI among adolescents from a population-based sample in Ontario. Method and Findings Data were derived from 4,685 surveys administered to adolescents in grades 7 through 12 as part of the 2011 population-based cross-sectional Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS). Lifetime TBI was defined as head injury that resulted in being unconscious for at least 5 minutes or being retained in the hospital for at least one night, and was reported by 19.5% (95%CI:17.3,21.9) of students. When holding constant sex, grade, and complex sample design, students with TBI had significantly greater odds of reporting elevated psychological distress (AOR = 1.52), attempting suicide (AOR = 3.39), seeking counselling through a crisis help-line (AOR = 2.10), and being prescribed medication for anxiety, depression, or both (AOR = 2.45). Moreover, students with TBI had higher odds of being victimized through bullying at school (AOR = 1.70), being cyber-bullied (AOR = 2.05), and being threatened with a weapon at school (AOR = 2.90), compared with students who did not report TBI. Students with TBI also had higher odds of victimizing others and engaging in numerous violent as well as nonviolent conduct behaviours. Conclusions Significant associations between TBI and adverse internalizing and externalizing behaviours were found in this large population-based study of adolescents. Those who reported lifetime TBI were at a high risk for experiencing mental and physical health harms in the past year than peers who never had a head injury. Primary physicians should be vigilant and screen for potential mental heath and behavioural harms in adolescent patients with TBI. Efforts to prevent TBI during adolescence and intervene at an early stage may reduce injuries and comorbid problems in this age group.
Improving energy efficiency of write-asymmetric memories by log style write

The significant scaling challenges of conventional memories, i.e., SRAM and DRAM, motivated the research on emerging memory technologies. Many promising memory technology candidates, however, suffer from a common issue in their write operations: the switching processes at different write operations (i.e., 0 → 1 and 1 → 0) are asymmetric. Using a pessimistic design corner to cover the worst case of a write operation incurs large power and performance cost in the existing emerging memory technology designs. In this work, we propose a universal log style write methodology to mitigate this asymmetry issue by operating two switching processes in separate stages. The dedicated design optimizations are allowed on either switching process. The simulation results on the spin-transfer-torque random access memory based last-level cache show that our technique can improve the system performance by 4% while receiving 35% power reduction on average1.
Lateral Water Diffusion in an Artificial Macroporous System: Modeling and Experimental Evidence

In two‐domain schematizations of macroporous soils or fractured rock systems, lateral mass exchange between macropores and the soil matrix is generally modeled as an apparent first‐order process. With respect to lateral diffusion, the system is thus characterized by a single parameter, the transfer rate coefficient, which is difficult to estimate a priori. We conducted water infiltration experiments in a laboratory column with an artificial macropore. The novel design of the experimental setup allowed us to discriminate between matrix flow and macropore flow, from which we could estimate the water exchange flux between the two domains. Most of the parameters in a dual‐permeability model could be determined independently of the experimental data. In particular, a theoretical expression for the transfer rate coefficient was derived by assuming lateral water and solute diffusion to be similar processes. Numerical analysis of the water exchange process revealed that the transfer coefficient depended also on the macropore conductivity. When this dependency was taken into account, the model reproduced the experimental data reasonably well.
Machine learning for the structure–energy–property landscapes of molecular crystals

Molecular crystals play an important role in several fields of science and technology. They frequently crystallize in different polymorphs with substantially different physical properties. To help guide the synthesis of candidate materials, atomic-scale modelling can be used to enumerate the stable polymorphs and to predict their properties, as well as to propose heuristic rules to rationalize the correlations between crystal structure and materials properties. Here we show how a recently-developed machine-learning (ML) framework can be used to achieve inexpensive and accurate predictions of the stability and properties of polymorphs, and a data-driven classification that is less biased and more flexible than typical heuristic rules. We discuss, as examples, the lattice energy and property landscapes of pentacene and two azapentacene isomers that are of interest as organic semiconductor materials. We show that we can estimate force field or DFT lattice energies with sub-kJ mol−1 accuracy, using only a few hundred reference configurations, and reduce by a factor of ten the computational effort needed to predict charge mobility in the crystal structures. The automatic structural classification of the polymorphs reveals a more detailed picture of molecular packing than that provided by conventional heuristics, and helps disentangle the role of hydrogen bonded and π-stacking interactions in determining molecular self-assembly. This observation demonstrates that ML is not just a black-box scheme to interpolate between reference calculations, but can also be used as a tool to gain intuitive insights into structure–property relations in molecular crystal engineering.
Seroprevalence of anti- HEV among blood Donors in Lagos, Nigeria.– A pilot study

Background: Hepatitis E is a common infection in developing countries like Nigeria because of poor sanitation and weak public health facilities. Presently, in Nigeria the mandatory infectious disease screening test for voluntary blood donors does not include HEV, with the emerging evidence of the transfusion transmissibility of HEV because potentially infected donors may never have shown clinical signs and considering the fact that HEV cannot be fully inactivated in blood-derived products, this virus has recently emerged as a transfusion-transmitted pathogen of concern and a potential threat to transfusion safety. To establish whether HEV may be a risk to transfusion safety and, more in general, a problem for public health, the first step is to assess its real Seroprevalence in blood donors and the general population. Aim: To characterize the seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgM and IgG in blood donors in Lagos State, Southwest, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Sera from 151 donors were screened for anti-HEV IgM and IgG by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation and all statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver¬sion 23.0 statistical software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) where P-value of 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: In this study 151 blood donors were enrolled, overall seroprevalence for HEV of 6.6% was determined. HEV IgG had a significant prevalence of 5.3% as against HEV IgM 1.3% (P = 0.00). Higher prevalence was found among males compared to females. A higher HEV detection rate was observed in the younger age group with 80% (8/10) of the anti-HEV positive donors aged 20 – 40 years old (P = 0.9). In this study, no significant association was observed (p > 0.05) between seropositivity and the risk factors associated with HEV infection. Conclusions: This pilot study of HEV seroprevalence in blood donors in Lagos, South-west Nigeria has revealed that though low the potential for HEV contamination in the blood supply to recipients does exist. However as the presence of HEV RNA was not examined in this study, no conclusive data can be generated on active HEV prevalence in blood donors. Further studies will be needed in determining active HEV prevalence in blood donors so as to determine if HEV screening will be necessary and cost effective on a larger scale to reduce the risk of on-going infection to a vulnerable population in Nigeria.
Low-frequency noise sources in as-prepared and aged GaN-based light-emitting diodes

The low-frequency noise sources are investigated in as-prepared and aged GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Accelerated aging is performed by thermal (300h at 240°C) and electrical forward-bias stressing (20 and 50mA for 2500h). At low currents I<IRTS, where IRTS is a critical current, the low-frequency noise is dominated by random telegraph signal (RTS) noise on top of the 1∕f noise. An explanation is given for the giant relative current jumps ΔI∕I≈50% and an expression for IRTS is derived. The RTS noise in our devices is a less-sensitive diagnostic tool for studying the results of accelerated aging. Two components of the 1∕f noise were observed: one is related to the quantum-well junction and the other is due to series resistance noise. The two 1∕f spectra have different current dependences. It was found that the junction 1∕f noise is not significantly affected by aging. However, a strong increase in series resistance noise, by a factor of 60–800 compared to unstressed devices, is observed after strong e.
Advances in wide-bandgap semiconductor based photocathode devices for low light level applications

Our work with GaN based photocathodes shows a strong dependence on the photo-emission response versus the carrier concentration and conductivity of the films. Films with quantum efficiency (QE) as high as 56% in opaque mode and as high as 30% in transmission mode have been made. Although surface activation plays a key role, the characteristics of the films, e.g. the thickness, film structure, minority carrier diffusion length, and doping, all play a role in affecting the photo-emission QE and especially its spectral dependence. The QE of films with the various properties is discussed and the utility of using measurements of the film properties to predict the optimal performance of the resulting photocathode is demonstrated.
Effect of Surface Roughness and Hardness of Continuum Materials on Interface Shear Strength of Granular Materials

The aim of this study was to provide a general conceptual understanding of the effect of hardness and roughness of a continuum surface on its interface shear behavior against granular materials. A carefully designed experimental program was conducted to investigate this issue. The results were utilized to define schematically the general geometric configurations of the constitutive interface shear surface (CISS) in the three-dimensional domain of surface roughness, surface hardness, and interface shear coefficient. The proposed CISS provides a robust mean to understand the coupling effect of continuum surface roughness and hardness on the interface shear behaviour.