Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probabilities for opportunistic networking in different scenarios

Opportunistic Networks (ONs) can be defined as temporary, operator-governed, coordinated extension of the infrastructure. These opportunistic networks can be used for extending the coverage of cellular networks, for offloading traffic from cellular networks by using direct connections between the devices or for opportunistic capacity extensions. While work has already been made or is ongoing on how to create and maintain such opportunistic networks, this paper analyses the probabilities that such opportunistic networks can be established and maintained in the different scenarios.
Invited Talk: Towards an Emotionally Aware Development Environment

The paper takes a position on enhancing existing development environments to support awareness of developeraffect. To realize this, the environment needs to implicitly interface with biometric devices such as an eye tracker. Such development environments can help the developer detect when they need to take a break or when they need help. Besides helping the developer, researchers can also make use of such environments to study developer behavior in a realistic setting thereby improving tool support for emotional awareness as well as other software tasks.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Risk Behaviors among College Students

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with social, emotional, and cognitive impairments resulting from disrupted neurodevelopment. These impairments manifest as health risk behaviors (HRBs) including tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, illicit drug use, and sexual risk behaviors. The current study assessed the relation between ACEs and HRBs by examining the cognitive abilities of 144 college students (M = 18.92 years; 56.3% female; 63.9% White; M = .078 ACEs). Participants completed an interview (parental incarceration, Criminogenic Cognitions Scale), surveys (Youth Risk Behavior Survey, ACE Questionnaire), delay discounting task, the Tower of Hanoi, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Results revealed a graded relation between ACE scores and illicit drug use risk behaviors, ACE scores and sexual risk behaviors, and household criminality and sexual risk behaviors. Students who reported more ACEs had an increased likelihood of reporting illicit drug use and sexual risk behaviors. Although no significant mediation effects of cognitive impairment were observed, a path analysis model revealed that a subscale of the Criminogenic Cognitions Scale (Negative Attitudes toward Authority) was a marginal partial mediator between ACE scores and sexual risk behaviors. These findings demonstrate the cognitive impairments may not serve as the best explanation for the relation between ACEs and HRBs among college students. However, these findings do indicate that a universal approach to preventing and reducing HRBs among at-risk college students may be inappropriate. Rather, it may be best to target specific HRBs.
Identifikasi Kesulitan Siswa Pada Materi Suhu Dan Kalor

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kesulitan-kesulitan siswa pada materi suhu dan kalor dengan menggunakan tes diagnostik. Penelitian dilakukan di SMA Negeri 4 Malang dan SMA Negeri 7 Malang, dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI, terdiri atas 70 siswa. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui tes dan angket. Dilakukan pula wawancara pada beberapa guru yang telah mengajar materi suhu dan kalor. Angket digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa dan proses pembelajaran di kelas. Tes pada penelitian ini menggunakan tes diagnostik dalam bentuk uraian. Tes digunakan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis kesulitan siwa. Berdasarkan hasil angket, faktor-faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa meliputi bakat, minat, dan motivasi. Hasil angket menunjukkan sebanyak 96% siswa mengatakan bahwa pembelajaran dikelas dijelaskan oleh guru. Berdasarkan hasil tes, siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami fisika yang disajikan dalam bentuk grafik dan gambar yakni 58,57%, kesulitan memahami konsep-konsep 68,57%, kesulitan yang berhubungan dengan perhitungan angka atau penggunaan rumus 40,0%, dan kesulitan membuat kesimpulan berdasarkan analisis 60,0%.
Produção das equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família antes e após a implantação do PMAQ-AB / Production of the Family Health Strategy teams before and after the implementation of PMAQ-AB

Estudo com o objetivo de analisar a producao das equipes da Estrategia de Saude da Familia, com base em indicadores do Sistema de Informacao da Atencao Basica, antes e apos a implantacao do Programa para Melhoria da Qualidade na Atencao Basica. Utilizou-se abordagem quantitativa, transversal, descritiva e exploratoria, a partir dos Relatorios da Situacao de Saude e Acompanhamento das Familias, referentes as equipes. Foram incluidas 112 equipes divididas em dois grupos. Realizou-se analise descritiva do conjunto de indicadores e procedeu-se a estatistica exploratoria e analitica para comparar as diferencas entre os grupos. Constatou-se que as equipes, independentemente de aderirem ou nao ao programa, obtiveram incremento nos registros do sistema de informacao, sinalizando uma sensibilizacao de toda a rede para melhoria dos seus registros. Apesar deste aumento, o acompanhamento das familias nao ocorreu na mesma proporcao que os cadastramentos.
Investigation of Blanking Nonlinearity in OFDM Systems

In this paper, we analyze the influence of a blanking nonlinearity onto OFDM systems in detail. We will derive closed-form expressions for the signal degradation and the interference, which is introduced by the blanking nonlinearity. The theoretical results will be validated by simulations, which illustrate the detrimental blanking influence in a descriptive way. In addition it will be shown how the results affect an OFDM receiver and how the receiver can be adapted to the blanking nonlinearity. Simulation results confirm a gain of 3dB at BER=1*10^-3 for a 16QAM transmission, when adapting the receiver accordingly.
Changes in understory light regime in a beech maple forest after a severe ice storm

We assessed canopy openness (%) in an old-growth beech–maple forest immediately before and in the 3 years following a severe ice storm. We estimated canopy openness using hemispherical photographs taken at a height of 0.6 m above the soil surface in 101 permanent plots. Mean canopy openness increased from a prestorm value of 7.7% to 16.6% in the summer immediately following the storm. However, the mean canopy openness returned to prestorm levels within 3 years. The changes in canopy openness immediately after the storm were significantly influenced by canopy openness prior to the storm and also by species composition; plots with lower canopy openness prior to the storm and plots that consisted of more shade-tolerant species had greater canopy damage. While canopy gaps are often considered to promote the establishment of shade-intolerant species in the deciduous forests of eastern North America, gaps created by ice storms at our study site may not persist long enough to promote the establishment of these s.
Divalent Cation Selectivity Is a Function of Gating in Native and Recombinant Cyclic Nucleotide–gated Ion Channels from Retinal Photoreceptors

The selectivity of Ca2+ over Na+ is ∼3.3-fold larger in cGMP-gated channels of cone photoreceptors than in those of rods when measured under saturating cGMP concentrations, where the probability of channel opening is 85–90%. Under physiological conditions, however, the probability of opening of the cGMP-gated channels ranges from its largest value in darkness of 1–5% to essentially zero under continuous, bright illumination. We investigated the ion selectivity of cGMP-gated channels as a function of cyclic nucleotide concentration in membrane patches detached from the outer segments of rod and cone photoreceptors and have found that ion selectivity is linked to gating. We determined ion selectivity relative to Na+ (PX/PNa) from the value of reversal potentials measured under ion concentration gradients. The selectivity for Ca2+ over Na+ increases continuously as the probability of channel opening rises. The dependence of PCa/PNa on cGMP concentration, in both rods and cones, is well described by the same Hill function that describes the cGMP dependence of current amplitude. At the cytoplasmic cGMP concentrations expected in dark-adapted intact photoreceptors, PCa/PNa in cone channels is ∼7.4-fold greater than that in rods. The linkage between selectivity and gating is specific for divalent cations. The selectivity of Ca2+ and Sr2+ changes with cGMP concentration, but the selectivity of inorganic monovalent cations, Cs+ and NH4 +, and organic cations, methylammonium+ and dimethylammonium+, is invariant with cGMP. Cyclic nucleotide–gated channels in rod photoreceptors are heteromeric assemblies of α and β subunits. The maximal PCa/PNa of channels formed from α subunits of bovine rod channels is less than that of heteromeric channels formed from α and β subunits. In addition, Ca2+ is a more effective blocker of channels formed by α subunits than of channels formed by α and β subunits. The cGMP-dependent shift in divalent cation selectivity is a property of αβ channels and not of channels formed from α subunits alone.
Who is the modern ‘traitor’? ‘Fifth column’ accusations in US and UK politics and media

Accusations of treason and disloyalty have been increasingly visible in both western and international politics in recent years, from Russia and Turkey, to Brexit and the 2016 US presidential election. This article explores ‘traitor’ accusations in modern politics, with evidence from British and American newspapers for 2011–2016. Besides British and American politics, results reveal reported ‘fifth column’ accusations in over 40 countries. I identify three dominant patterns: authoritarian states describing opposition movements as a ‘fifth column’; suspicion of western Muslim populations as potential terrorists; and the use of traitor language to denote party dissent in western politics. Employed across the political spectrum, and not only by right-wing or populist movements, accusations of treason and betrayal point at a deeper breakdown of social trust and communicate collective securitizing responses to perceived threats.
Wine Polyphenols Decrease Blood Pressure, Improve NO Vasodilatation, and Induce Gene Expression

The effects of short-term oral administration of red wine polyphenolic compounds on hemodynamic parameters and on vascular reactivity were investigated in rats. Endothelial function and vascular smooth muscle contractility were studied in association with the induction of gene expression in the vascular wall. Rats were treated daily for 7 days by intragastric administration of either 5% glucose or red wine polyphenolic compounds (20 mg/kg). Administration of these compounds produced a progressive decrease in systolic blood pressure, which became significantly different on day 4. Aortas from rats treated with red wine polyphenolic compounds displayed increased endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine that was related to increased endothelial NO activity and involved a mechanism sensitive to superoxide anion scavengers. However, no increase in whole-body oxidative stress has been observed in rats treated with red wine polyphenolic compounds, as shown by plasma glutathione assay. Also, in the aorta, red wine polyphenolic compounds increased the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and increased the release of endothelial thromboxane A2, which compensated for the extraendothelial NO–induced hyporeactivity in response to norepinephrine, resulting from enhanced inducible NO synthase expression. The present study provides evidence that short-term oral administration of red wine polyphenolic compounds produces a decrease in blood pressure in normotensive rats. This hemodynamic effect was associated with an enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxation and an induction of gene expression (of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) within the arterial wall, which together maintain unchanged agonist-induced contractility. These effects of red wine polyphenolic compounds may be a potential mechanism for preventing cardiovascular diseases.
Complexity of Manipulation in Elections with Partial Votes

In the computational social choice literature, there has been great interest in understanding how computational complexity can act as a barrier against manipulation of elections. Much of this literature, however, makes the assumption that the voters or agents specify a complete preference ordering over the set of candidates. There are many multiagent systems applications, and even real-world elections, where this assumption is not warranted, and this in turn raises the question "How hard is it to manipulate elections if the agents reveal only partial preference orderings? ". It is this question that we study in this paper. In particular, we look at the weighted manipulation problem -- both constructive and destructive manipulation -- when such partial voting is allowed and when there are only a bounded number of candidates. We study the exact number of candidates that are required to make manipulation hard for all scoring rules, for elimination versions of all scoring rules, for the plurality with runoff rule, for a family of election systems known as Copeland$^{\alpha}$, and for the maximin protocol.
Cellular flow in a small blood vessel

In the smallest capillaries, or in tubes with diameter D ≲ 8 μm, flowing red blood cells are well known to organize into single-file trains, with each cell deformed into an approximately static bullet-like shape. Detailed high-fidelity simulations are used to investigate flow in a model blood vessel with diameter slightly larger than this: D = 11.3 μm. In this case, the cells deviate from this single-file arrangement, deforming continuously and significantly. At the higher shear rates simulated (mean velocity divided by diameter U/D ≳ 50s−1), the effective tube viscosity is shear-rate insensitive with μeff/μplasma = 1.21. This matches well with the value μeff/μplasma = 1.19 predicted for the same 30% cell volume fraction by an established empirical fit of high-shear-rate in vitro experimental data. At lower shear rates, the effective viscosity increases, reaching μeff/μplasma ≈ 1.65 at the lowest shear rate simulated (U/D ≈ 3.7s−1). Because of the continuous deformations, the cell-interior viscosity is potentially important for vessels of this size. However, most results for simulations with cell interior viscosity five times that of the plasma (λ = 5), which is thought to be close to physiological conditions, closely match results for cases with λ = 1. The cell-free layer that forms along the vessel walls thickens from 0.3 μm for U/D = 3.7s−1 up to 1.2 μm for U/D ≳ 100s−1, in reasonable agreement with reported experimental results. The thickness of this cell-free layer is the key factor governing the overall flow resistance, and this in turn is shown to follow a trend expected for lubrication lift forces for shear rates between U/D ≈ 8s−1 and U/D ≈ 100s−1. Only in this same range are the cells near the vessel wall on average inclined relative to the wall, as might be expected for a lubrication mechanism. Metrics are developed to quantify the kinematics of this dense cellular flow in terms of the well-known tank-treading and tumbling behaviours often observed for isolated cells in shear flows. One notable effect of λ = 5 versus λ = 1 is that it suppresses treading rotation rates by a factor of about 2. The treading rate is found to scale with the velocity difference across the cell-rich core and is thus significantly slower than the overall shear rate in the flow, which is presumably why the flow is otherwise insensitive to λ. The cells in all cases also have a similarly slow mean tumbling motion, which is insensitive to cell-interior viscosity and decreases monotonically with increasing U/D.
TinyNode: a comprehensive platform for wireless sensor network applications

We introduce the TinyNode platform for wireless sensor networks. Supporting both research and industrial deployments, the platform offers communication ranges that exceed current platforms by a factor of 3 to 5, while consuming similar energy. It comes with a rich, practical set of hardware extensions and full TinyOS support. We describe the design choices of the TinyNode, the accompanying hardware modules, and the MAC layer implementation
Expectations and outcomes of a doctorate abroad : career development and mobility patterns of expatriate researchers in social sciences

The research presented in this thesis explores how expatriate researchers who completed a PhD abroad evaluate and articulate their experience of academic mobility with regard to their early postdoctoral career and personal development. Having adopted a mixed-methods approach, this study draws on an original dataset including 20 semi-structured interviews and 281 replies to an online survey. By conducting thematic analysis of the interview data in NVivo and descriptive analysis of the survey data in SPSS, the research presented in this thesis provides replies to the following three questions. First, what do expatriate researchers expect from their doctoral experience of academic mobility? Second, does academic mobility during a doctorate result in career-related outcomes, according to the perceptions of expatriate researchers? Finally, what is the individual value of a doctorate abroad for expatriate researchers? This study argues that expatriate researchers in social sciences embark on a doctoral study abroad without necessarily expecting any immediate career-related returns but are influenced by contextual factors, such as the opportunity structure and insecure employment conditions in the labour market for PhD graduates. In addition, the present research has not found any strong evidence showing that academic mobility directly brings immediate career-related returns. In summary, this research provides evidence of widespread agreement among expatriate researchers that the value of a doctoral degree from abroad is in gaining a meaningful personal experience resulting in personal development and skills acquisition, rather than directly resulting in career advancement. This finding contributes to the knowledge of the value of a doctoral study abroad on the individual level, suggested as an under-researched area by the scholarly literature in the field (Raddon and Sung, 2006; Nerad and Cerny, 2000; Casey, 2009).
Simulations of Tubulin Sheet Polymers as Possible Structural Intermediates in Microtubule Assembly

The microtubule assembly process has been extensively studied, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. The structure of an artificially generated sheet polymer that alternates two types of lateral contacts and that directly converts into microtubules, has been proposed to correspond to the intermediate sheet structure observed during microtubule assembly. We have studied the self-assembly process of GMPCPP tubulins into sheet and microtubule structures using thermodynamic analysis and stochastic simulations. With the novel assumptions that tubulins can laterally interact in two different forms, and allosterically affect neighboring lateral interactions, we can explain existing experimental observations. At low temperature, the allosteric effect results in the observed sheet structure with alternating lateral interactions as the thermodynamically most stable form. At normal microtubule assembly temperature, our work indicates that a class of sheet structures resembling those observed at low temperature is transiently trapped as an intermediate during the assembly process. This work may shed light on the tubulin molecular interactions, and the role of sheet formation during microtubule assembly.
The design of data type specifications

This paper is about the design of data types in creating a software system. The major point is to explore a means for specifying a data type which is independent of its eventual implementation. The particular style of specification, called algebraic axioms, is exhibited by axiomatizing many commonly used data types. As such, these examples reveal a great deal about the intricacies of data type specification via algebraic axioms, and, in addition, provide a standard to which alternative forms may be compared. Further uses of this specification technique are in proving the correctness of implementations and in interpretively executing a large system design before actual implementation commences.
Resilient Southern Women

ABSTRACT Using stories from Southern women, fictional and real, this article explores early life experiences and maltreatment in birth families, placement in out-of-home care, and outcomes. The method is qualitative, using unstructured interviews with two sisters, the creation of stories, and identification of patterns throughout the women's lives. Their experiences are compared with the experiences of resilient Southern women as presented in popular fiction. Patterns include resiliency, multiple episodes and types of maltreatment, lack of protection, shame, repetition of relationship patterns and intergenerational transmission of trauma, abandonment, scars and ghosts from the past, and mixed success in adulthood. Recommendations for research and practice to improve child and family well being conclude the article.
Comparison of Ontology Learning Techniques for Qur'anic Text

Currently, ontology plays an important role in semantic web technology. Ontology learning approach is to distinguish the type of input such as text, dictionary, knowledge, policies, schemes and semi-structured schemes relations. Ontology learning can be explained as information extraction subtask and its objectives are to dig the relevant concepts and relationships from the corpus or a particular type of data sets. In this project, an ontology learning of text extraction from Qur'anic text as input data was assessed using a newly developed support system. The algorithms used to extract Qur'anic text in this project are Alfonseca & Manandhar's and Gupta & Colleagues's approach. The support system will assess and evaluate these two algorithms and compare with the manually text extraction (Gold Standard) in order to come out an appropriate method or technique which suitable to extract the ontologies from Qur'anic text which can help more people to understand the true meaning from Qur'an teaching.
Stylized and photographic eye images do not increase charitable donations in a field experiment

The effects of watching eyes upon prosocial behavior have been explored in various contexts, for example, in relation to charitable donations, honor-system payments and littering. Whilst studies have explored the effects of both photographic and stylized eyes upon prosocial behavior, no study, to our knowledge, has compared stylized eyes to photographic eyes. Here we explored the effects of stylized and photographic eye images upon prosocial behavior assessed via charitable donations in a ‘free cakes’ field experiment. Charitable giving was assessed under s ix eye image conditions, three stylized eye images (evil eye, eye of Horus, all-seeing eye), one photographic eye image (human eye image) and two control images (geometric shape control and blank control). No difference in the amount of money donated was found between any of the eye image conditions. These results suggest that watching eyes, whether stylized or photographic, are not effective at eliciting prosocial behavior via charitable giving. However, further study contrasting single and paired eye imagery, and exploration of the effects of stylized eye imagery in deterring littering and crime, would be beneficial.