Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in China: Data from the China National Nutrition and Health Survey 2002

Background— The present article aims to provide accurate estimates of the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in adults in China. Methods and Results— Data were obtained from sphygmomanometer measurements and an administered questionnaire from 141 892 Chinese adults ≥18 years of age who participated in the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. In 2002, ≈153 million Chinese adults were hypertensive. The prevalence was higher among men than women (20% versus 17%; P<0.001) and was higher in successive age groups. Overall, the prevalence of hypertension was higher in urban compared with rural areas in men (23% versus 18%; P<0.01) and women (18% versus 16%; P<0.001). Of the 24% affected individuals who were aware of their condition, 78% were treated and 19% were adequately controlled. Despite evidence to suggest improved levels of treatment in individuals with hypertension over the past decade, compared with estimates from 1991, the ratio of controlled to treated hypertension has remained largely unchanged at 1:4. Conclusions— One in 6 Chinese adults is hypertensive, but only one quarter are aware of their condition. Despite increased rates of blood pressure–lowering treatment, few have their hypertension effectively controlled. National hypertension programs must focus on improving awareness in the wider community, as well as treatment and control, to prevent many tens of thousands of cardiovascular-related deaths.
Internet Draft stun July 1 , 2002 applications to work through existing NAT infrastructure

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress". Abstract Simple Traversal of UDP Through NATs (STUN) is a lightweight protocol that allows applications to discover the presence and types of Network Address Translators (NATs) and firewalls between them and the public Internet. It also provides the ability for applications to determine the public IP addresses allocated to them by the NAT. STUN works with many existing NATs, and does not require any special behavior from them. As a result, it allows a wide variety of J. Rosenberg et. al. [Page 1]
Empirical determination of channel characteristics for DSRC vehicle-to-vehicle communication

Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) wireless band, allocated by the FCC for vehicular communication, constitutes the basis for one of the first vehicular ad-hoc networks/systems that is likely to be deployed. Therefore, it is important to characterize the physical properties of the DSRC channel.In this work we propose that due to the complexity, unpredictability and wide variety of road environments a statistical parametric model should be used to describe the physical channel behavior, and its parameters should be inferred from empirical data.Based on this methodological approach we construct channel gain models for two different environments: an open space and a typical highway with moderate traffic. To model the distribution of channel gain amplitude we choose the well-known two-parameter Nakagami model and estimate the distance dependency of its parameters from empirical road data. Spatial correlation of the channel strength is also estimated for a few separation distances.The results obtained show that in both environments the Nakagami average power parameter O falls off as the inverse-square of the sender-receiver separation distance up to a crossover distance of about 160m and as the inverse-fourth of the distance thereafter. The Nakagami fading parameter m lies between 1 and 4 for the open area and between 0.5 and 1 for the highway. The spatial correlation coefficients lie between 0.4 and 0.75 for the open environment, but between 0.9 and 1 for the highway. These results provide valuable input to support the design of optimal modulation, coding, diversity and protocol schemes for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication.
The origins of modern biodiversity on land

Comparative studies of large phylogenies of living and extinct groups have shown that most biodiversity arises from a small number of highly species-rich clades. To understand biodiversity, it is important to examine the history of these clades on geological time scales. This is part of a distinct ‘phylogenetic expansion’ view of macroevolution, and contrasts with the alternative, non-phylogenetic ‘equilibrium’ approach to the history of biodiversity. The latter viewpoint focuses on density-dependent models in which all life is described by a single global-scale model, and a case is made here that this approach may be less successful at representing the shape of the evolution of life than the phylogenetic expansion approach. The terrestrial fossil record is patchy, but is adequate for coarse-scale studies of groups such as vertebrates that possess fossilizable hard parts. New methods in phylogenetic analysis, morphometrics and the study of exceptional biotas allow new approaches. Models for diversity regulation through time range from the entirely biotic to the entirely physical, with many intermediates. Tetrapod diversity has risen as a result of the expansion of ecospace, rather than niche subdivision or regional-scale endemicity resulting from continental break-up. Tetrapod communities on land have been remarkably stable and have changed only when there was a revolution in floras (such as the demise of the Carboniferous coal forests, or the Cretaceous radiation of angiosperms) or following particularly severe mass extinction events, such as that at the end of the Permian.
Fast computation of bar over-currents in the faulty cage of induction motors with experimental validation

The paper proposes a fast estimation method for the over-currents that occur in a broken bar cage induction motor. In essence, simple analytical expressions of over-currents in the two healthy bars adjacent to the broken bars, for a few typical situations, are derived. These calculations should be also instrumental in broken bars diagnosis. The calculated over-currents in case of broken bars have been validated experimentally on an inverted induction machine with stationary cage which allows bar conductivity interruption and direct measurement of multiple bar currents.
Adipose tissue compensates for defect of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase induced in liver and muscle by dietary fish oil in fed rats.

The present work aimed to study in rats whether substitution of a low level of fish oil (FO; 2.2% of calories) into a low-fat diet (6.6% of calories from fat as peanut-rape oil or control diet) 1) has a tissue-specific effect on insulin signaling pathway and 2) prevents dexamethasone-induced alteration of insulin signaling in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Sixteen rats were used for study of insulin signaling, and sixteen rats received an oral glucose load (3 g/kg). Eight rats/group consumed control diet or diet containing FO over 5 wk. Four rats from each group received a daily intraperitoneal injection of saline or dexamethasone (1 mg.kg(-1). day(-1)) for the last 5 days of feeding. In liver, FO decreased phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI 3'-kinase) activity by 54% compared with control diet. A similar result was obtained in muscle. In both liver and muscle, FO clearly amplified the effect of dexamethasone. FO did not alter early steps of insulin signaling, and in muscle GLUT4 protein content remained unaltered. In adipose tissue, FO increased PI 3'-kinase activity by 74%, whereas dexamethasone decreased it by 65%; inhibition of PI 3'-kinase activity by dexamethasone was similar in rats fed FO or control diet, and GLUT4 protein content was increased by 61% by FO. Glycemic and insulinemic responses to oral glucose were not modified by FO. In conclusion, FO increased PI 3'-kinase activity in adipose tissue while inhibiting it in liver and muscle. The maintenance of whole body glucose homeostasis suggests an important role of adipose tissue for control of glucose homeostasis.
A Local Graph Partitioning Algorithm Using Heat Kernel Pagerank

Abstract We give an improved local partitioning algorithm using heat kernel pagerank, a modified version of PageRank. For a subset S with Cheeger ratio (or conductance) h, we show that at least a quarter of the vertices in S can serve as seeds for heat kernel pagerank that lead to local cuts with Cheeger ratio at most O(√h), improving the previous bound by a factor of √log s, where s denotes the volume of S.
Occupational and personal factors associated with acquired lumbar spondylolisthesis of urban taxi drivers

Aims: To investigate the occupational and personal factors associated with lumbar spondylolisthesis in taxi drivers. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from the Taxi Drivers’ Health Study cohort. Information was retrieved from the medical records of standardised lumbosacral spine plain films, age, and anthropometric measures of 1242 subjects. Acquired spondylolisthesis (ASL) was defined as non-lytic spondylolisthesis involving lumbar spines above L5. Questionnaires were used to gather information on demographic features, health behaviours, exercise, work related physical and psychosocial factors, and driving time profiles. Multiple logistic regression was used to model the odds ratio (OR) for prevalent ASL cases associated with personal and occupational factors. Results: A total of 40 cases (3.2%) of ASL were diagnosed. Among those driving ⩽5 years, 6–15 years, and >15 years, the estimated prevalence of lumbar spondylolisthesis was 1.1%, 2.4%, and 7.1% respectively. Results of multiple logistic regression suggested that taxicab driving >15 years (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 10.7, compared to driving ⩽5 years), age (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.6 for age 46–55; and OR = 4.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 12.9 for age >55), body mass index ⩾25 kg/m2 (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.6), and frequent strenuous exercise (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.5) were significantly associated with higher prevalence of spondylolisthesis. There was a consistent likely exposure-response relation between professional seniority and ASL prevalence. Conclusions: Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the observed association between professional driving and spondylolisthesis, and to examine further the specific occupational exposures accountable for this association.
Islands and Bridges: Making Sense of Marked Nodes in Large Graphs ?

Abstract : Suppose we are given a large graph in which, by some external process, a handful of nodes are marked. What can we say about these marked nodes? Are they all close-by in the graph, or are they segregated into multiple groups? How can we automatically determine how many, if any groups they form as well as find simple paths that connect the nodes in each group? We formalize the problem in terms of the Minimum Description Length principle: a set of paths is simple when we need few bits to describe each path from one node to another. For example, we want to avoid high-degree nodes, unless we need to visit many of its spokes. As such, the best partitioning requires the least number of bits to describe the paths that visit all marked nodes. We show that our formulation for finding simple paths between groups of nodes has connections to well-known other problems in graph theory, and is NP-hard. We propose fast effective solutions, and introduce DOT2DOT, an efficient algorithm for partitioning marked nodes as well as finding simple paths between nodes within parts. Experimentation shows DOT2DOT correctly groups nodes for which good connection paths can be constructed, while separating distant nodes.
Liver Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (L-Fabp) Modifies Intestinal Fatty Acid Composition and Adenoma Formation in ApcMin/+ Mice

Evidence suggests a relationship between dietary fat intake, obesity, and colorectal cancer, implying a role for fatty acid metabolism in intestinal tumorigenesis that is incompletely understood. Liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-Fabp), a dominant intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, regulates intestinal fatty acid trafficking and metabolism, and L-Fabp deletion attenuates diet-induced obesity. Here, we examined whether changes in intestinal fatty acid metabolism following L-Fabp deletion modify adenoma development in ApcMin/+ mice. Compound L-Fabp−/−ApcMin/+ mice were generated and fed a 10% fat diet balanced equally between saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat. L-Fabp−/−ApcMin/+ mice displayed significant reductions in adenoma number and total polyp area compared with ApcMin/+controls, reflecting a significant shift in distribution toward smaller polyps. Adenomas from L-Fabp−/−ApcMin/+ mice exhibited reductions in cellular proliferation, high-grade dysplasia, and nuclear β-catenin translocation. Intestinal fatty acid content was increased in L-Fabp−/−ApcMin/+ mice, and lipidomic profiling of intestinal mucosa revealed significant shifts to polyunsaturated fatty acid species with reduced saturated fatty acid species. L-Fabp−/−ApcMin/+ mice also showed corresponding changes in mRNA expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid elongation and desaturation. Furthermore, adenomas from L-Fabp−/−ApcMin/+ mice displayed significant reductions in mRNA abundance of nuclear hormone receptors involved in cellular proliferation and in enzymes involved in lipogenesis. These findings collectively implicate L-Fabp as an important genetic modifier of intestinal tumorigenesis, and identify fatty acid trafficking and metabolic compartmentalization as an important pathway linking dietary fat intake, obesity, and intestinal tumor formation. Cancer Prev Res; 6(10); 1026–37. ©2013 AACR.
Multiairport Capacity Management: Genetic Algorithm With Receding Horizon

The inability of airport capacity to meet the growing air traffic demand is a major cause of congestion and costly delays. Airport capacity management (ACM) in a dynamic environment is crucial for the optimal operation of an airport. This paper reports on a novel method to attack this dynamic problem by integrating the concept of receding horizon control (RHC) into a genetic algorithm (GA). A mathematical model is set up for the dynamic ACM problem in a multiairport system where flights can be redirected between airports. A GA is then designed from an RHC point of view. Special attention is paid on how to choose those parameters related to the receding horizon and terminal penalty. A simulation study shows that the new RHC-based GA proposed in this paper is effective and efficient to solve the ACM problem in a dynamic multiairport environment
Guanosine‐induced increase in free cytosolic calcium concentration in mouse astrocytes in primary cultures: Does it act on an A3 adenosine receptor?

Purinergic receptors play an important role in the regulation of free cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in astrocytes. In the present study, 10 μM adenosine caused an increase in [Ca2+]i in 85% of the cultures studied, i.e., primary cultures of mouse astrocytes, differentiated by culturing in the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Antagonist sensitivity and rapid desensitization suggested that it did so by acting on A3 receptors. Another biologically important purine, guanosine, also caused an increase in astrocytic [Ca2+]i (at concentrations of 0.1–100 μM). Although this response did not show the same rapid desensitization as the response to adenosine, it may also have been exerted on an A3 receptor. It supports this idea that inosine also caused an increase in [Ca2+]i, because inosine is known to activate A3 receptors in mast cells and structurally is even more closely related to guanosine than is adenosine. J. Neurosci. Res. 65:184–189, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Innovative Clinical Perspectives for CIK Cells in Cancer Patients

Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are T lymphocytes that have acquired, in vitro, following extensive manipulation by Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), OKT3 and Interleukin 2 (IL-2) addition, the expression of several Natural Killer (NK) cell-surface markers. CIK cells have a dual “nature”, due to the presence of functional TCR as well as NK molecules, even if the antitumoral activity can be traced back only to the NK-like structures (DNAM-1, NKG2D, NKp30 and CD56). In addition to antineoplastic activity in vitro and in several in-vivo models, CIK cells show very limited, if any, GvHD toxicity as well as a strong intratumoral homing. For all such reasons, CIK cells have been proposed and tested in many clinical trials in cancer patients both in autologous and allogeneic combinations, up to haploidentical mismatching. Indeed, genetic modification of CIK cells as well as the possibility of combining them with specific monoclonal antibodies will further expand the possibility of their clinical utilization.
The Kerr-Newman-Godel Black Hole

By applying a set of Hassan–Sen transformations and string dualities to the Kerr–Godel solution of minimal D = 5 supergravity we derive a four-parameter family of five-dimensional solutions in type II string theory. They describe rotating, charged black holes in a rotating background. For zero background rotation, the solution is D = 5 Kerr–Newman; for zero charge it is Kerr–Godel. In a particular extremal limit the solution describes an asymptotically Godel BMPV black hole.
The Hong Kong progressive lens myopia control study: study design and main findings.

PURPOSE To determine whether the use of progressive addition spectacle lenses reduced the progression of myopia, over a 2-year period, in Hong Kong children between the ages of 7 and 10.5 years. METHODS A clinical trial was carried out to compare the progression in myopia in a treatment group of 138 (121 retained) subjects wearing progressive lenses (PAL; add +1.50 D) and in a control group of 160 (133 retained) subjects wearing single vision lenses (SV). The research design was masked with random allocation to groups. Primary measurements outcomes were spherical equivalent refractive error and axial length (both measured using a cycloplegic agent). RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the PAL and the SV groups for of any of the baseline outcome measures. After 2 years there had been statistically significant increases in myopia and axial length in both groups; however, there was no difference in the increases that occurred between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The research design used resulted in matched treatment and control groups. There was no evidence that progression of myopia was retarded by wearing progressive addition lenses, either in terms of refractive error or axial length.
Measurement of islet cell antibodies in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium: efforts to harmonize procedures among the laboratories

Background and Purpose Three network laboratories measured antibodies to islet autoantigens. Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 [GADA]) and the intracellular portion of protein tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2ic [IA-2A]) were measured by similar, but not identical, methods in samples from participants in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC). Methods All laboratories used radiobinding assays to detect antibodies to in vitro transcribed and translated antigen, but with different local standards, calibrated against the World Health Organization (WHO) reference reagent. Using a common method to calculate WHO units/mL, we compared results reported on samples included in the Diabetes Autoantibody Standardization Program (DASP), and developed standard methods for reporting in WHO units/mL. We evaluated intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) in blind duplicate samples and assay comparability in four DASP workshops. Results Values were linearly related in the three laboratories for both GADA and IA-2A, and intra-assay technical errors for values within the standard curve were below 13% for GADA and below 8.5% for IA-2A. Correlations in samples tested 1—2 years apart were >97%. Over the course of the study, internal CVs were 10—20% with one exception, and the laboratories concordantly called samples GADA or IA-2A positive or negative in 96.7% and 99.6% of duplicates within the standard curve. Despite acceptable CVs and general concordance in ranking samples, the laboratories differed markedly in absolute values for GADA and IA-2A reported in WHO units/mL in DASP over a large range of values. Limitations With three laboratories using different assay methods (including calibrators), consistent values among them could not be attained. Conclusions Modifications in the assays are needed to improve comparability of results expressed as WHO units/mL across laboratories. It will be essential to retain high intra- and inter-assay precision, sensitivity and specificity and to confirm the accuracy of harmonized methods. Clinical Trials 2010; 7: S56—S64. http:// ctj.sagepub. com
BabelNet: Building a Very Large Multilingual Semantic Network

In this paper we present BabelNet -- a very large, wide-coverage multilingual semantic network. The resource is automatically constructed by means of a methodology that integrates lexicographic and encyclopedic knowledge from WordNet and Wikipedia. In addition Machine Translation is also applied to enrich the resource with lexical information for all languages. We conduct experiments on new and existing gold-standard datasets to show the high quality and coverage of the resource.
The linear zero-forcing crosstalk canceler is near-optimal in DSL channels

Crosstalk is a serious problem in next-generation DSL systems, such as VDSL. Several non-linear crosstalk cancelers and pre-compensators have been proposed to address this. Unfortunately, they all suffer from high complexity, DFE error propagation and/or require modification of CPE. We propose the use of a simple linear zero-forcing crosstalk canceler in upstream transmission and a simple linear diagonalizing crosstalk precoder in downstream transmission. Certain properties of DSL channels ensure that these simple linear designs lead to near-optimal performance. We formulate a bound on the performance of these schemes and show that in 99% of upstream DSL channels, the linear zero-forcing canceler achieves 97% of the theoretical channel capacity. Similarly, in 99% of downstream DSL channels, the linear diagonalizing precoder achieves 91% of the theoretical channel capacity.
Substance use disorders and the orbitofrontal cortex: systematic review of behavioural decision-making and neuroimaging studies.

BACKGROUND Orbitofrontal cortex dysfunctions have been frequently documented in people with substance use disorders. The exact role of this cortical region, however, remains unspecified. AIMS To assess the functionality of the orbitofrontal cortex in people with substance use disorders. METHOD Reports of studies using behavioural decision-making tasks and/or neuroimaging techniques to investigate orbitofrontal cortex functioning in cases of substance misuse were reviewed. Studies focusing exclusively on tobacco-smoking and gambling were excluded. RESULTS Fifty-two research articles were evaluated. Most studies showed significant deficits in decision-making in people with substance use disorders. A consistent finding in the neuroimaging studies was hypoactivity of the orbitofrontal cortex after detoxification. The association between hyperactivity of this region and craving or cue reactivity was not consistent across studies. CONCLUSIONS The orbitofrontal cortex has an important role in addictive behaviours. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying neuronal substrates of cue reactivity, craving and decision-making, and the implications for treatment and relapse prevention.