Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
4 Dental Implant Surface Enhancement and Osseointegration

S.Anil1,4, P.S. Anand2, H. Alghamdi3,4 and J.A. Jansen3,4 1Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 2People’s College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Bhanpur, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 3Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, 4Dental Implant and Osseointegration Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh 1,4Saudi Arabia 2India 3The Netherlands
Extractions of Oil from Descurainia sophia Seed Using Supercritical CO2, Chemical Compositions by GC-MS and Evaluation of the Anti-Tussive, Expectorant and Anti-Asthmatic Activities

Descurainia sophia is widely distributed in China and is one of the most troublesome annual weeds. It has diverse medicinal usage. D. sophia has abundant oil, making it an important oil plant in China. The main goal of this study was to obtain the maximum yield of the oil by an optimal selection of supercritical fluid extraction parameters. According to the central composite design and response surface methodology for supercritical fluid extraction method, a quadratic polynomial model was used to predict the yield of D. sophia seed oil. A series of runs was performed to assess the optimal extraction conditions. The results indicated that the extraction pressure had the greatest impact on oil yield within the range of the operating conditions studied. A total of approximately 67 compounds were separated in D. sophia seed oil by GC-MS, of which 51 compounds represented 98.21% of the total oils, for the first time. This study was also aimed at evaluating the anti-asthmatic, anti-tussive and expectorant activities in vivo of D. sophia seed oil which supplied for further research on bioactive constituents and pharmacological mechanisms.
Prediction models for exacerbations in patients with COPD

Personalised medicine aims to tailor medical decisions to the individual patient. A possible approach is to stratify patients according to the risk of adverse outcomes such as exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Risk-stratified approaches are particularly attractive for drugs like inhaled corticosteroids or phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors that reduce exacerbations but are associated with harms. However, it is currently not clear which models are best to predict exacerbations in patients with COPD. Therefore, our aim was to identify and critically appraise studies on models that predict exacerbations in COPD patients. Out of 1382 studies, 25 studies with 27 prediction models were included. The prediction models showed great heterogeneity in terms of number and type of predictors, time horizon, statistical methods and measures of prediction model performance. Only two out of 25 studies validated the developed model, and only one out of 27 models provided estimates of individual exacerbation risk, only three out of 27 prediction models used high-quality statistical approaches for model development and evaluation. Overall, none of the existing models fulfilled the requirements for risk-stratified treatment to personalise COPD care. A more harmonised approach to develop and validate high- quality prediction models is needed to move personalised COPD medicine forward. None of the 27 prediction models for COPD exacerbations appears to be ready to support personalised COPD treatment http://ow.ly/Lq2b302IWRx
The detection and molecular characterization of human G12 genotypes in South Africa

The last decade has seen an increase in the detection of rotavirus strains other than G1–G4 emerging or even predominating in some settings. The performance of the current rotavirus vaccines against unusual or rare circulating rotavirus serotypes cannot be predicted and continuous monitoring of wild type rotaviruses will remain a priority. Routine molecular rotavirus surveillance conducted in the Gauteng Province, South Africa during 2004, resulted in the detection of strains that could not typed using standard G specific genotyping primers. Sequencing of the first round amplicons revealed 19 serotype G12P[6] strains and one G12P[8] strain. Phylogenetic analyses of the G12 strains indicated that these strains are probably a recent introduction into South Africa and emerged from a strain related to the Indian isolate ISO‐5. The association of the South African G12s with the P[6] genotype may suggest a mechanism for unusual strains to become more ecologically suited to local population transmission dynamics. This is the first report of serotype G12 strains on the African continent and continued surveillance will be required to track the emergence of G12 strains in Africa. J. Med. Virol. 81:106–113, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for the magnetar nature of 1E 161348-5055 in RCW 103

We report on the detection of a bright, short, structured X-ray burst coming from the supernova remnant RCW 103 on 2016 June 22 caught by the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) monitor, and on the follow-up campaign made with Swift/X-ray Telescope, Swift/UV/Optical Telescope, and the optical/near-infrared (NIR) Gamma-Ray burst Optical and Near-infrared Detector. The characteristics of this flash, such as duration and spectral shape, are consistent with typical short bursts observed from soft gamma repeaters. The BAT error circle at 68 per cent confidence range encloses the point-like X-ray source at the centre of the nebula, 1E 161348−5055. Its nature has been long debated due to a periodicity of 6.67 h in X-rays, which could indicate either an extremely slow pulsating neutron star, or the orbital period of a very compact X-ray binary system. We found that 20 min before the BAT trigger, the soft X-ray emission of 1E 161348−5055 was a factor of ∼100 higher than measured 2 yr earlier, indicating that an outburst had already started. By comparing the spectral and timing characteristics of the source in the 2 yr before the outburst and after the BAT event, we find that, besides a change in luminosity and spectral shape, also the 6.67 h pulsed profile has significantly changed with a clear phase shift with respect to its low-flux profile. The UV/optical/NIR observations did not reveal any counterpart at the position of 1E 161348−5055. Based on these findings, we associate the BAT burst with 1E 161348−5055, we classify it as a magnetar, and pinpoint the 6.67 h periodicity as the magnetar spin period.
Testing network protocols and signal attenuation in packed food transports

Two sensor network protocols for the monitoring of packed food products were tested in different sea containers. The packet rate and the signal strength of all sensor-to-sensor links were recorded in the flash memory of the sensor nodes. The performance of the two protocols was compared and protocol improvements were tested by simulation based on this data. The high signal attenuation by water-containing products was identified as the major problem. One of the two tested protocols was newly developed with a focus on low energy consumption. A simplified link estimator, which required only a minimum number of control messages, detects the correct routing in most cases.
RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS AND FINITE AUTOMATA

This article studies finite size networks that consist of interconnections of synchronously evolving processors. Each processor updates its state by applying an activation function to a linear combination of the previous states of all units. We prove that any function for which the left and right limits exist and are different can be applied to the neurons to yield a network which is at least as strong computationally as a finite automaton. We conclude that if this is the power required, one may choose any of the aforementioned neurons, according to the hardware available or the learning software preferred for the particular application.
The ATP-Competitive mTOR Inhibitor INK128 Enhances In Vitro and In Vivo Radiosensitivity of Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells

Purpose: Radiotherapy remains a primary treatment modality for pancreatic carcinoma, a tumor characterized by aberrant mTOR activity. Given the regulatory role of mTOR in gene translation, in this study, we defined the effects of the clinically relevant, ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor, INK128 on the radiosensitivity of pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Experimental Design: Clonogenic survival was used to determine the effects of INK128 on in vitro radiosensitivity of three pancreatic carcinoma cell lines and a normal fibroblast cell line with mTOR activity defined using immunoblots. DNA double-strand breaks were evaluated according to γH2AX foci. The influence of INK128 on radiation-induced gene translation was determined by microarray analysis of polysome-bound mRNA. Leg tumor xenografts grown from pancreatic carcinoma cells were evaluated for mTOR activity, eIF4F cap complex formation, and tumor growth delay. Results: INK128, while inhibiting mTOR activity in each of the cell lines, enhanced the in vitro radiosensitivity of the pancreatic carcinoma cells but had no effect on normal fibroblasts. The dispersal of radiation-induced γH2AX foci was inhibited in pancreatic carcinoma cells by INK128 as were radiation-induced changes in gene translation. Treatment of mice with INK128 resulted in an inhibition of mTOR activity as well as cap complex formation in tumor xenografts. Whereas INK128 alone had no effect of tumor growth rate, it enhanced the tumor growth delay induced by single and fractionated doses of radiation. Conclusion: These results indicate that mTOR inhibition induced by INK128 enhances the radiosensitivity of pancreatic carcinoma cells and suggest that this effect involves the inhibition of DNA repair. Clin Cancer Res; 20(1); 110–9. ©2013 AACR.
When Do We Not Need Complex Assume-Guarantee Rules?

We study the need for complex circular assume-guarantee (AG) rules in formalisms that already provide the simple precongruence rule. We first investigate the question for two popular formalisms: Labeled Transition Systems (LTSs) with weak simulation and Interface Automata (IA) with alternating simulation. We observe that, in LTSs, complex circular AG rules cannot always be avoided, but, in the IA world, the simple precongruence rule is all we need. Based on these findings, we introduce modal IA with cut states, a novel formalism that not only generalizes IA and LTSs but also allows for compositional reasoning without complex AG rules.
Evaluation of the role of 18FDG-PET/CT in radiotherapy target definition in patients with head and neck cancer

Background and purpose. As techniques for radiotherapy delivery have developed, increasingly accurate localisation of disease is demanded. Functional imaging, particularly PET and its fusion with anatomical modalities, such as PET/CT, promises to improve detection and characterisation of disease. This study evaluated the impact of 18FDG-PET/CT on radiotherapy target volume definition in head and neck cancer (HNC). Materials and methods. The PET/CT scans of patients with HNC were used in a radiotherapy planning (RTP) study. The gross tumour volume (GTV), clinical target volume (CTV) and planning target volume (PTV) were defined conventionally and compared to those defined using the PET/CT. Data were reported as the median value with 95% confidence intervals. Results. Eighteen patients were consented, 9 had known primary tumour site, 9 presented as unknown primary. In nine cases where the primary site was known, the combined primary and nodal GTV (GTVp+n) increased by a median of 6.1cm3 (2.6, 12.2) or 78% (18, 313), p=0.008 with CTV increasing by a median of 10.1cm3 (1.3, 30.6) or 4% (0, 13) p=0.012. In 9 cases of unknown primary the GTVp+n increased by a median 6.3cm3 (0.2, 15.7) or 61% (4, 210), p=0.012, with CTV increasing by a median 155.4cm3 (2.7, 281.7) or 95% (1, 137), p=0.008. Conclusion. 18FDG-PET revealed disease lying outside the conventional target volume, either extending a known area or highlighting a previously unknown area of disease, including the primary tumour in 5 cases. We recommend PET/CT in the RTP of all cases of unknown primary. In patients with a known primary, although the change in volume was statistically significant the clinical impact is less clear. 18FDG-PET can also show areas within the conventional target volume that are hypermetabolic which may be possible biological target volumes for dose escalation studies in the future.
Identification and Estimation of Production Function with Unobserved Heterogeneity

This paper examines non-parametric identifiability of production function when production functions are heterogenous across firms beyond Hicks-neutral technology terms. Using a finite mixture specification to capture permanent unobserved heterogeneity in production technology, we show that production function for each unobserved type is non-parametrically identified under regularity conditions. We also propose an estimation procedure for production function with random coefficients based on EM algorithm. We estimate a random coefficients production function using the panel data of Japanese publicly-traded manufacturing firms and compare it with the estimate of production function with fixed coefficients estimated by the method of Gandhi, Navarro, and Rivers (2013).
Sokongan dan halangan yang dihadapi pelajar-pelajar kurang upaya di sebuah institusi pengajian tinggi di Malaysia

This research was carried out to identify supports received and barriers faced by students with disabilities in an institute of higher education in Malaysia. Respondents for this research were students with vision impairment, two students with hearing impairment, and six students with physical impairment. Data from students with hearing and physical impairment were collected in written form while data from students with vision impairment were collected through interviews. Among the issues brought up by these students were inaccessible physical infrastructures on campus, lack of sign language interpreters for students with hearing impairment, lack of computers accessible for people with vision impairment, assistance in the library, accessible transportation system, issues of bureaucracy, and lack of empathy from the campus community. In terms of support, respondents reported that they depended on close friends to assist them; to follow lectures for students with hearing impairment and to move from one place to another for students with vision impairment. To improve the quality of service and facilities for students with disabilities in institutes of higher education in Malaysia, among the suggestions put forward by these respondents were to increase the awareness of issues faced by students with disabilities among the campus community and improve their understanding, to set up a council that could communicate their needs to the university administrators in taking steps towards a more positive physical and social environment on campus in order to provide an equal opportunity for these students to achieve their optimal potential
Endothelial Expression of Guidance Cues in Vessel Wall Homeostasis Dysregulation Under Proatherosclerotic Conditions

Objective—Emerging evidence suggests that neuronal guidance cues, typically expressed during development, are involved in both physiological and pathological immune responses. We hypothesized that endothelial expression of such guidance cues may regulate leukocyte trafficking into the vascular wall during atherogenesis. Approach and Results—We demonstrate that members of the netrin, semaphorin, and ephrin family of guidance molecules are differentially regulated under conditions that promote or protect from atherosclerosis. Netrin-1 and semaphorin3A are expressed by coronary artery endothelial cells and potently inhibit chemokine-directed migration of human monocytes. Endothelial expression of these negative guidance cues is downregulated by proatherogenic factors, including oscillatory shear stress and proinflammatory cytokines associated with monocyte entry into the vessel wall. Furthermore, we show using intravital microscopy that inhibition of netrin-1 or semaphorin3A using blocking peptides increases leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. Unlike netrin-1 and semaphorin3A, the guidance cue ephrinB2 is upregulated under proatherosclerotic flow conditions and functions as a chemoattractant, increasing leukocyte migration in the absence of additional chemokines. Conclusions—The concurrent regulation of negative and positive guidance cues may facilitate leukocyte infiltration of the endothelium through a balance between chemoattraction and chemorepulsion. These data indicate a previously unappreciated role for axonal guidance cues in maintaining the endothelial barrier and regulating leukocyte trafficking during atherogenesis.
Domain Adaptation in SMT of User-Generated Forum Content Guided by OOV Word Reduction: Normalization and/or Supplementary Data

This paper reports a set of domain adaptation techniques for improving Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) for usergenerated web forum content. We investigate both normalization and supplementary training data acquisition techniques, all guided by the aim of reducing the number of Out-Of-Vocabulary (OOV) items in the target language with respect to the training data. We classify OOVs into a set of types, and address each through dedicated normalization and/or supplementary training material selection-based approaches. We investigate the effect of these methods both in an additive as well as a contrastive scenario. Our findings show that (i) normalization and supplementary training material techniques can be complementary, (ii) for general forum data, fully automatic supplementary training data acquisition can perform as well or sometimes better than semi-automatic normalization (although tackling different types of OOVs) and (iii) for very noisy data, normalization really pays off.
Visually Guided Tracking on a Handheld Device

Objective: We introduced a new visually controlled tracking task that can be assessed on a handheld device in shift workers to evaluate time-of-day dependent modulations in visuomotor performance. Background: Tracking tasks have been used to predict performance fluctuations depending on time of day mainly under laboratory conditions. One challenge to an extended use at the actual working site is the complex and fixed test setup consisting of a test unit, a monitor, and a manipulation object, such as a joystick. Method: Participants followed an unpredictably moving target on the screen of a handheld device with an attachable stylus. A total of 11 shift workers (age range: 20–59, mean: 33.64, standard deviation: 10.56) were tested in the morning, the evening, and the night shift in 2-hr intervals with the tracking task and indicated their fatigue levels on visual analogue scales. We evaluated tracking precision by calculating the mean spatial deviation from the target for each session. Results: Tracking precision was significantly influenced by the interaction between shift and session, suggesting a clear time-of-day effect of visuomotor performance under real-life conditions. Tracking performance declined during early-morning hours whereas fatigue ratings increased. Conclusion: These findings suggest that our setup is suitable to detect time-of-day dependent performance changes in visually guided tracking. Application: Our task could be used to evaluate fluctuations in visuomotor coordination, a skill that is decisive in various production steps at the actual working place to assess productivity.
On the Depth and Dynamics of Online Search Behavior

This paper examines search across competing e-commerce sites. By analyzing panel data from over 10,000 Internet households and three commodity-like products (books, compact discs (CDs), and air travel services), we show that the amount of online search is actually quite limited. On average, households visit only 1.2 book sites, 1.3 CD sites, and 1.8 travel sites during a typical active month in each category. Using probabilistic models, we characterize search behavior at the individual level in terms of (1) depth of search, (2) dynamics of search, and (3) activity of search.We model an individual's tendency to search as a logarithmic process, finding that shoppers search across very few sites in a given shopping month. We extend the logarithmic model of search to allow for time-varying dynamics that may cause the consumer to evolve and, perhaps, learn to search over time. We find that for two of the three product categories studied, search propensity does not change from month to month. However, in the third product category we find mild evidence of time-varying dynamics, where searchdecreases over time from already low levels. Finally, we model the level of a household's shopping activity and integrate it into our model of search. The results suggest that more-active online shoppers tend also to search across more sites. This consumer characteristic largely drives the dynamics of search that can easily be mistaken as increases from experience at the individual level.
Body Satisfaction and Maladaptive Relationships with Food in African American Women

The purpose of this study was to investigate body satisfaction and maladaptive relationships with food as it related to ethnic identity for college-aged African American women. The study acknowledged complexities inherent in women’s maladaptive eating behaviors. I explored how maladaptive relationships with food may be moderated by ethnic identity (Rogers-Wood & Petrie, 2010), and associated with concerns for body image ideals (Capodilupo & Kim, 2013; Cheney, 2011;) or concerns related to health (Di Noia et al., 2009; Rich & Thomas, 2008). The study further examined the importance that women placed on appearance-related concerns in relationship to the importance that women placed on attending to concerns related to health. The sample consisted of 189 undergraduate and graduate African American women attending a university in the southeastern region of the United States, who were between the ages of 18 and 35. Analyses of correlations suggested that maladaptive eating was associated with low body satisfaction and high concerns for appearance. Findings also suggested that higher levels of ethnic identity were associated with lower levels of body satisfaction. Body satisfaction was inversely related to body mass index, such that women with higher body mass indexes tended towards lower body satisfaction. There was no significant relationship between ethnic identity and maladaptive eating. Moreover, higher levels of ethnic identity were associated with lower levels of health consciousness. Contrary to predictions, body image satisfaction and concerns for appearance were positively correlated with the importance that women placed on health consciousness. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to investigate the moderating effects of ethnic identity on the relationship between maladaptive eating and body satisfaction, as well as on the relationship between maladaptive eating and health consciousness. Regression analyses indicated significant moderating effects of ethnic identity only for the relationship between maladaptive eating and health consciousness. Ethnic identity moderated the relationship between maladaptive eating and health consciousness particularly for women with low levels of ethnic identity, while accounting for body mass index and body image concerns. Clinical implications for addressing body image concerns, maladaptive eating, and concerns about health with African American women are discussed. INDEX WORDS: African American Women, Body Image, Eating, Health BODY SATISFACTION AND MALADAPTIVE RELATIONSHIPS WITH FOOD IN AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN