Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A supertree of Temnospondyli: cladogenetic patterns in the most species-rich group of early tetrapods

As the most diverse group of early tetrapods, temnospondyls provide a unique opportunity to investigate cladogenetic patterns among basal limbed vertebrates. We present five species-level supertrees for temnospondyls, built using a variety of methods. The standard MRP majority rule consensus including minority components shows slightly greater resolution than other supertrees, and its shape matches well several currently accepted hypotheses of higher-level phylogeny for temnospondyls as a whole. Also, its node support is higher than those of other supertrees (except the combined standard plus Purvis MRP supertree). We explore the distribution of significant as well as informative changes (shifts) in branch splitting employing the standard MRP supertree as a reference, and discuss the temporal distribution of changes in time-sliced, pruned trees derived from this supertree. Also, we analyse those shifts that are most relevant to the end-Permian mass extinction. For the Palaeozoic, shifts occur almost invariably along branches that connect major Palaeozoic groups. By contrast, shifts in the Mesozoic occur predominantly within major groups. Numerous shifts bracket narrowly the end-Permian extinction, indicating not only rapid recovery and extensive diversification of temnospondyls over a short time period after the extinction event (possibly less than half a million years), but also the role of intense cladogenesis in the late part of the Permian (although this was counteracted by numerous ‘background’ extinctions).
From Human to Pushing Leader Robot: Leading a Decentralized Multirobot System for Object Handling

We address a decentralized control method for object transportation in coordination by a leader-follower type multiple robot system. The proposed system consists of a pushing leader, a human being or a robot without grasping mechanisms, and multiple follower robots. During the object transportation, only the leader has desired trajectory, and follower robots estimate the trajectory of the leader based on force/moment from the object. In the proposed system with the pushing leader robot, imitating the system with human leader, a variable internal force is introduced to each robot's controller in decentralized style to let the follower's estimator work on not only the pushing but also the pulling case that the leader needs to slow down or stop the object. Finally, some experiment results are shown to illustrate the concept of the proposed algorithms
Multi-robot Cooperative Systems for Exploration: Advances in Dealing with Constrained Communication Environments

In the present document, the authors introduce the Cooperative Exploration problem as well as the most relevant approaches in order to show the most common drawbacks and opportunities to improve the state of art solutions. Subsequently, a preliminary version of a multi-robot exploration proposal is described. The first results obtained in simulated scenarios support the underlying ideas are feasible and promising. They show that is possible to cope with real communication constraints (always present in practice), being more fault tolerant and still having good performance regarding the total exploration time. Next steps to fully implement a more reliable and robust system are discussed.
Impact of early dark energy on the Planck SZ cluster sample

Context. One science goal of the upcoming Planck mission is to perform a full-sky cluster survey based on the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, which leads to the question of how such a survey would be affected by cosmological models with a different history of structure formation thanCDM. One class of these models are early dark energy (EDE) cosmologies, where the dark energy contribution does not vanish at early times. Aims. Since structures grow slower in the presence of EDE, one expects an increase in the number of galaxy clusters compared to �CDM at intermediate and high redshifts, which could explain the reported excess of the angular CMB power spectrum on cluster scales via an enhanced SZ contribution. We study the impact of EDE on Planck's expected cluster sample. Methods. To obtain realistic simulations, we constructed full-sky S Z maps for EDE andCDM cosmologies, taking angular cluster correlation into account. Using these maps, we simulated Planck observations with and without Galactic foregrounds and fed the results into our filter pipeline based on the spherical multi -frequency matched filters. Results. For the case of EDE cosmologies, we clearly find an increase in the detected number of clusters compared to the fiducial �CDM case. This shows that the spherical multi-frequency matched filter is sensitive enough to find deviations from theCDM sample, being caused by EDE. In addition we find an interestin g effect of EDE on the completeness of the cluster sample, such that EDE helps to obtain cleaner samples.
Gestão de pessoas na indústria criativa: o caso dos estúdios de animação brasileiros

The main purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of human resource management processes in animation studios, which are part of the creative industry. This study adopted Chaston’s (2008) definition of creative industry as the meeting of business and culture. Chaston – among other authors – perceived the dilemma between artistic fulfilment and commercial objectives as central to this industry. But, in what ways does this dilemma translate into the operation of human resource management in Brazilian studios? In order to answer this question a qualitative research was conducted through case studies of four Brazilian animation content production companies. Data was collected through interviewing a business partner and an employee of each one of the companies. The data collected points out that human resource management tools are still rare in these work places, although managers are conscious that employees are their main business resource. In addition, it was observed that the retention of employees in these companies is related to their identification with the activity itself rather than for gratifications, such as salary or other benefits.
Origin of the Breit-Wigner-Fano lineshape of the tangential G-band feature of metallic carbon nanotubes

A detailed line-shape analysis of the tangential G-band feature attributable to metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes is presented. Only two components are needed to account for the entire G-band feature for metallic nanotubes. The higher-frequency component has a Lorentzian line shape, and the lower one has a BreitWigner-Fano ~BWF! line shape. Through comparisons of the Raman tangential G-band spectra from three different diameter distributions of carbon nanotubes, we find that both the frequency and linewidth of the BWF component are diameter dependent and show functional forms consistent with theory. The nanotube curvature is responsible for both the frequency differences between the two components of the characteristic metallic G-band spectrum and the BWF coupling of the lower-frequency component. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy studies provide supporting evidence that the phonon BWF coupling is to an electronic continuum.
Opt-out testing for stigmatized diseases: a social psychological approach to understanding the potential effect of recommendations for routine HIV testing.

OBJECTIVE Little research has studied experimentally whether an opt-out policy will increase testing rates or whether this strategy is especially effective in the case of stigmatized diseases such as HIV. DESIGN AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In Study 1, a 2 x 2 factorial design asked participants to make moral judgments about a person's decision to test for stigmatized diseases under an opt-in versus an opt-out policy. In Study 2, a 2 x 2 factorial design measuring testing rates explored whether opt-out methods reduce stigma and increase testing for stigmatized diseases. RESULTS Study 1 results suggest that getting tested draws suspicion regarding moral conduct in an opt-in system, whereas not getting tested draws suspicion in an opt-out system. Study 2 results suggest that an opt-out policy may increase testing rates for stigmatized diseases and lessen the effects of stigma in people's reluctance to test. DISCUSSION A social psychological approach to health services can be used to show how testing policies can influence both the stigmatization associated with testing and participation rates. An understanding of how testing policies may affect patient decision making and behavior is imperative for creating effective testing policies.
Design and implementation of a diagnostic compiler for PL/I

PL/C is a compiler for a dialect for PL/I. The design objective was to provide a maximum degree of diagnostic assistance in a batch processing environment. For the most part this assistance is implicit and is provided automatically by the compiler. The most remarkable characteristic of PL/C is its perseverance—it completes translation of every program submitted and continues execution until a user-established error limit is reached. This requires that the compiler repair errors encountered during both translation and execution, and the design of PL/C is dominated by this consideration. PL/C also introduces several explicit user-controlled facilities for program testing. To accommodate these extensions to PL/I without abandoning compatibility with the IBM compiler, PL/C permits “pseudo comments”—constructions whose contents can optionally be considered either source text or comment. In spite of the diagnostic effort PL/C is a fast and efficient processor. It effectively demonstrates that compilers can provide better diagnostic assistance than is customarily offered, even when a sophisticated source language is employed, and that this assistance need not be prohibitively costly.
Migration infrastructures and the production of migrant mobilities

Abstract Since the proclamation of a mobility turn in the 2000s, scholars have populated the field with invaluable insights on what it means to move, and what the politics of movement are. One particularly useful thread revolves around the issue of infrastructures, which have generally been taken to mean the manifest forms of moorings and fixities that help order and give shape to mobilities. Yet, while significant inroads have been made in delineating the morphologies of transport infrastructures, mobilities research has been relatively reticent about the organisational structures, orders and arrangements that give rise to another key mobile phenomenon of our time — international migration. In this editorial introduction, we lay down some groundwork on the productive and political nature of infrastructures that likewise affect and inform the way (im)mobilities are contingently created and parsed in migration. Looking through the prism of East and Southeast Asia and its migration infrastructures, we take advantage of the ‘new’ infrastructural configurations in an emerging empirical context to point to some directions by which mobilities researchers can more rigorously interrogate ‘migration’ as another socially meaningful and specific form of mobility that exceeds a mere displacement of people or change in national domicile.
Superpulsed Low-Level Laser Therapy Protects Skeletal Muscle of mdx Mice against Damage, Inflammation and Morphological Changes Delaying Dystrophy Progression

Aim To evaluate the effects of preventive treatment with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on progression of dystrophy in mdx mice. Methods Ten animals were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups treated with superpulsed LLLT (904 nm, 15 mW, 700 Hz, 1 J) or placebo-LLLT at one point overlying the tibialis anterior muscle (bilaterally) 5 times per week for 14 weeks (from 6th to 20th week of age). Morphological changes, creatine kinase (CK) activity and mRNA gene expression were assessed in animals at 20th week of age. Results Animals treated with LLLT showed very few morphological changes in skeletal muscle, with less atrophy and fibrosis than animals treated with placebo-LLLT. CK was significantly lower (p = 0.0203) in animals treated with LLLT (864.70 U.l−1, SEM 226.10) than placebo (1708.00 U.l−1, SEM 184.60). mRNA gene expression of inflammatory markers was significantly decreased by treatment with LLLT (p<0.05): TNF-α (placebo-control = 0.51 µg/µl [SEM 0.12], - LLLT = 0.048 µg/µl [SEM 0.01]), IL-1β (placebo-control = 2.292 µg/µl [SEM 0.74], - LLLT = 0.12 µg/µl [SEM 0.03]), IL-6 (placebo-control = 3.946 µg/µl [SEM 0.98], - LLLT = 0.854 µg/µl [SEM 0.33]), IL-10 (placebo-control = 1.116 µg/µl [SEM 0.22], - LLLT = 0.352 µg/µl [SEM 0.15]), and COX-2 (placebo-control = 4.984 µg/µl [SEM 1.18], LLLT = 1.470 µg/µl [SEM 0.73]). Conclusion Irradiation of superpulsed LLLT on successive days five times per week for 14 weeks decreased morphological changes, skeletal muscle damage and inflammation in mdx mice. This indicates that LLLT has potential to decrease progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Sensory and Microbiological Evaluation of Traditional Ovine Ricotta Cheese in Modified Atmosphere Packaging

Ovine ricotta cheese is a traditional Sicilian dairy product characterised by high humidity and a short shelf life (2-4 days when refrigerated). The increasing demand for fresh food has prompted manufacturers to develop special packaging techniques, such as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), that can extend the shelf life and maintain the organoleptic characteristics of ovine ricotta cheese. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the shelf life of fresh MAP-packed ovine ricotta cheese by monitoring the microbiological, chemical, physical and organoleptic characteristics of the product. Samples of a single batch were packed in MAP or vacuum packed and stored at 4°C for 24 and 7 days, respectively. Water activity, pH, physicochemical parameters and microbiological characteristics were examined. A sensory panel rated the product’s main organoleptic characteristics (colour, odour, flavour and texture). Results showed that MAP controlled the development of any unwanted microflora, but did not affect the development of intrinsic lactic floras or chemical parameters. Sensory analysis revealed that overall the MAP-packed ricotta remained acceptable for up to 15 days of storage. The vacuum-packed ricotta cheese, however, showed a progressive deterioration in organoleptic characteristics from day 5 onward and therefore had a shorter shelf life. In conclusion, the ability of MAP to extend the shelf life of a traditional regional product (such as fresh ovine ricotta cheese) guarantees consumers a quality product and provides opportunities for manufacturers to expand their markets beyond national boundaries.
The relationship between organizational justice and various dimensions of pay satisfaction

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AND VARIOUS DIMENSIONS OF PAY SATISFACTION by Xinyi Li Pay satisfaction has been linked to important organizational outcomes such as work performance and turnover intentions. One way to predict employees’ pay satisfaction is through organizational justice. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of organizational justice perceptions in predicting various pay satisfaction dimensions. A sample of 107 employees participated in an online survey. Consistent with the hypotheses, results showed that pay-related distributive justice perceptions were a stronger predictor of pay level satisfaction than pay-related procedural justice perceptions, and that benefits-related procedural justice perceptions were a stronger predictor of benefits determination satisfaction and benefits administration satisfaction than benefits-related distributive justice perceptions. Additionally, results showed that pay-related distributive justice perceptions and procedural justice perceptions significantly and equally predicted pay structure satisfaction, pay raises satisfaction, and variable pay procedure satisfaction, and that benefits-related distributive justice perceptions and procedural justice perceptions significantly and equally predicted benefits level satisfaction. These findings suggest that organizations should make fairness a priority when distributing compensation outcomes and making compensation decisions to maintain a high level of pay satisfaction.
Hypertension Does Not Alter the Increase in Cardiac Baroreflex Sensitivity Caused by Moderate Cold Exposure

Exposure to cold increases blood pressure and may contribute to higher wintertime cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive people, but the mechanisms are not well-established. While hypertension does not alter responses of vagally-mediated heart rate variability to cold, it is not known how hypertension modifies baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and blood pressure variability during cold exposure. Our study assessed this among untreated hypertensive men during short-term exposure comparable to habitual winter time circumstances in subarctic areas. We conducted a population-based recruitment of 24 untreated hypertensive and 17 men without hypertension (age 55–65 years) who underwent a whole-body cold exposure (−10°C, wind 3 m/s, winter clothes, 15 min, standing). Electrocardiogram and continuous blood pressure were measured to compute spectral powers of systolic blood pressure and heart rate variability at low (0.04–0.15 Hz) and high frequency (0.15–0.4 Hz) and spontaneous BRS at low frequency (LF). Comparable increases in BRS were detected in hypertensive men, from 2.6 (2.0, 4.2) to 3.8 (2.5, 5.1) ms/mmHg [median (interquartile range)], and in control group, from 4.3 (2.7, 5.0) to 4.4 (3.1, 7.1) ms/mmHg. Instead, larger increase (p < 0.05) in LF blood pressure variability was observed in control group; response as median (interquartile range): 8 (2, 14) mmHg2, compared with hypertensive group [0 (−13, 20) mmHg2]. Untreated hypertension does not disturb cardiovascular protective mechanisms during moderate cold exposure commonly occurring in everyday life. Blunted response of the estimate of peripheral sympathetic modulation may indicate higher tonic sympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic responsiveness to cold in hypertension.
Heterosexual allies' confrontation of sexual prejudice: The effect of gender, attitudes, and past allied behavior

HETEROSEXUAL ALLIES’ CONFRONTATION OF SEXUAL PREJUDICE: THE EFFECT OF GENDER, ATTITUDES, AND PAST ALLIED BEHAVIOR Kelly L. LeMaire, M.S. Marquette University, 2017 Confrontation of prejudice is one method that has been demonstrated to reduce future discrimination on behalf of perpetrators and non-target witnesses in the future. The current study sought to 1) determine whether the gender of the perpetrator, target, or witness of heterosexist prejudice affects witness’s reactions to prejudice, including confrontation, 2) understand if other factors including participants’ attitudes about society, gender roles, and gay men and lesbian women, as well as their general level of assertiveness and previous allied behaviors were predictive of confrontation behavior and 3) examine participant’s satisfaction with their responses and anticipated future responses in relation to their behavioral responses and attitudes. A 10-condition (2x2x2, 2 controls) live experimental design was utilized to examine the participants’ responses to an overtly heterosexist comment. Specifically, participants were exposed to a person (man or woman) making heterosexist comments about either a gay man or lesbian woman and their verbal and nonverbal behavioral responses were recorded and coded. Participants also completed measures about their attitudes, personality, and previous allied behaviors. Results suggest about 25% of the sample verbally confronted the perpetrator and 25% verbally agreed. The gender of the target, non-target witness (participant), and especially the gender of the perpetrator appear to affect witnesses’ responses to prejudice, including confrontation. Additionally, both attitudinal variables, including attitudes toward gay men and personal support, and previous allied behaviors, including the LGASJC action subscale and personal relationships with gay and lesbian individuals, predicted confrontation; however, gender of the perpetrator still significantly and uniquely predicted confrontation even when accounting for these variables. Overall, individuals who confronted reported being more satisfied with their responses than those who did not and anticipated engaging in confrontation again in the future.
The Relationship between Intranuclear Mobility of the NF-κB Subunit p65 and Its DNA Binding Affinity*

It has been hypothesized that the main determinant of the intranuclear mobility of transcription factors is their ability to bind DNA. In the present study, we have extensively tested the relationship between the intranuclear mobility of the NF-κB subunit p65 and binding to its consensus target sequence. The affinity of p65 for this binding site is altered by mutation of specific acetylation sites, so these mutants provide a model system to study the relationship between specific DNA binding affinity and intranuclear mobility. DNA binding affinity was measured in vitro using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based method, and intranuclear mobility was measured using the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique on yellow fluorescent protein-tagged p65 constructs. A negative correlation was observed between DNA binding affinity and intranuclear mobility of p65 acetylation site mutants. However, moving the yellow fluorescent protein tag from the C terminus of p65 to the N terminus resulted in an increased mobility but did not significantly affect DNA binding affinity. Thus, all changes in DNA binding affinity produce alterations in mobility, but not vice versa. Finally, a positive correlation was observed between mobility and the randomness of the intranuclear distribution of p65. Our data are in line with a model in which the intranuclear mobility and distribution of a transcription factor are determined by its affinity for specific DNA sequences, which may be altered by protein-protein interactions.
HY Immune Tolerance Is Common in Women without Male Offspring

Background Sex difference is an established risk factor for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)-related complications like graft versus host disease (GVHD). CD8pos cytotoxic T cells specific for Y chromosome-encoded minor Histocompatibility antigens (HY) play an important role therein. Prior to HSC donation, female donors may encounter HY antigens through fetomaternal or transmaternal cell flow, potentially leading to the induction of HY-specific cytotoxic or regulatory immune responses. Whether HY priming occurs independent of parity, and whether HY priming is dependent on the presence of male microchimerism, is as yet unknown. Methods We investigated the presence of HY-specific regulatory T cells (Treg) and male microchimerism in 45 healthy women with a fully documented pregnancy and family history. HY peptide-induced linked suppression, a commonly reported functional feature of CD4pos and CD8pos Treg, was measured by trans vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity testing. As source of HY antigens, male microchimerism was analyzed by real-time PCR and defined by the presence of male DNA in at least one purified leukocyte cell type. Results HLA class I or class II restricted HY-specific Treg were detected in 26/42 (62%) women eligible for analysis. The prevalence of HY-specific Treg was significantly higher in women who had never given birth to sons than in women with male offspring (p = 0.004). Male microchimerism could be detected in 24 out of 45 (53%) women but did not correlate with the presence of HY specific Treg. Conclusions HY-specific Treg in women with male offspring have been described previously. Here we show for the first time that, in fact, HY specific Treg are more common in nulliparous women and in parous women with female offspring. Their presence is independent of the presence of male microchimerism. Whether HY-specific Treg presence in female stem cell grafts might decrease the GVHD incidence in male HSCT recipients needs to be investigated.