Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Analysis of Timing Margins and Yield

Manufacturing process variations, leading to variability in circuit delay, can cause excessive timing yield loss if not accounted for. Many techniques have been proposed for statistical timing analysis, which operate at a late stage of the design, by which time many design decisions have already been made. In this paper, we develop an early approach to statistical timing and yield analysis. With early access to timing yield information, one can take corrective action at a time when it is still possible to do so. The proposed technique does not propagate distributions through the circuit. Instead, it provides "yield-specific" margins on the maximum and minimum nominal circuit delays (setup and hold margins) which, if applied during standard (deterministic) timing analysis, would guarantee the desired yield. Starting from a generic circuit representation based on classes of paths with different depths, we find a lower bound expression on the timing yield. This lower bound is guaranteed for unknown within-die correlations, and hence the approach can be applied pre-placement. We also propose a novel method that allows "controlled" budgeting of yield loss between setup and hold violations.
An outcome analysis of intraoperative angiography for postmastectomy breast reconstruction.

BACKGROUND Intraoperative angiography is a useful tool for predicting both tissue perfusion during postmastectomy breast reconstruction and mastectomy flap and free flap survival. OBJECTIVES The authors determine whether the routine use of laser-assisted indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography (SPY Imaging; LifeCell Corp, Branchburg, New Jersey) in breast reconstruction decreases the incidence of complications and whether this new technology is cost-effective. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted for 184 consecutive patients who underwent breast reconstruction using intraoperative ICG angiography from April 2009 to December 2011 at Emory University (Atlanta, Georgia). The incidence of complications (including mastectomy skin necrosis, flap necrosis, fat necrosis, unexpected reoperations, infections, and dehiscence) among these patients was compared with data for 184 consecutive patients who underwent breast reconstruction at Emory University from October 2007 to April 2009, prior to the introduction of ICG angiography. Patient data recorded included age, body mass index, smoking status, and history of preoperative radiation as well as the timing and type of reconstruction, along with complications. The cost of unexpected reoperations for perfusion-related complications and associated hospital stays was calculated. RESULTS The 184 patients who underwent procedures using ICG angiography imaging had a lower incidence of mastectomy skin necrosis (13% vs 23.4%; P = .010) and unexpected reoperations for perfusion-related complications (5.9% vs 14.1%, P = .009). The 184 patients who underwent procedures without ICG angiography had a higher mean degree of severity of mastectomy skin necrosis (2.22 vs 1.83 on a scale of 1-3; P = .065). There were no significant differences in the degree of flap necrosis, nipple necrosis, fat necrosis, dehiscence, infection, implant exposure, flap loss, seroma, hematoma, or the number of overall complications between the 2 groups. The use of ICG angiography saved patients an average of $610. CONCLUSIONS The use of ICG angiography during postmastectomy breast reconstruction decreased the incidence and severity of mastectomy skin necrosis as well as the incidence of unexpected reoperations for perfusion-related complications. The technology was found to be cost-effective.
Geographical and altitudinal distribution of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest

Mountains of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest can act as islands of cold and wet climate, leading to the isolation and speciation of species with low dispersal capacity, such as the toadlet species of the genus Brachycephalus. This genus is composed primarily by diurnal species, with miniaturized body sizes (<2.5 cm), inhabiting microhabitats in the leaf litter of montane forests. Still, little is known about the geographical distribution, altitudinal range, and ecological limits of most Brachycephalus species. In this study, we review the available data on the geographical and altitudinal distribution of Brachycephalus based on occurrence records compiled from literature and museums, both for the genus as a whole and separately for the three recently proposed groups of species (ephippium, didactylus, and pernix). The final ensemble dataset comprised 333 records, 120 localities, 28 described species, and six undescribed ones. Species were recorded in six relief units, the richest of which being the Serra do Mar, with 30 species. When the Serra do Mar is subdivided into three subunits, Northern, Central and Southern Serra do Mar, the number of species increase from north to the south, with records of six, nine, and 16 species, respectively. We were able to estimate the extent of occurrence of nearly half of the described species, and the resulting estimates indicate that many of them show remarkably small ranges, some of which less than 50 ha. Brachycephalus species are present from sea level to roughly 1,900 m a.s. l. , with the highest richness being found between 751 and 1,000 m a.s. l. (21 spp.). The species with the broadest altitudinal range were B. didactylus (1,075 m) and Brachycephalus sp. 1 (1,035 m), both in the didactylus group, and B. ephippium (1,050 m), of the ephippium group. The broadest altitudinal amplitude for species of the pernix group was recorded for B. brunneus (535 m). The lowest altitudinal records for the pernix group were at 845 m a.s. l. in the state of Paraná and at 455 m a.s. l. in the state of Santa Catarina. The altitudinal occurrence in the pernixspecies group seems to decrease southward. Syntopy between species is also reviewed.
HE 0107–5240, a Chemically Ancient Star. I. A Detailed Abundance Analysis

We report on a detailed abundance analysis of HE 0107-5240, a halo giant with [Fe/H]NLTE = -5.3. This star was discovered in the course of follow-up medium-resolution spectroscopy of extremely metal-poor candidates selected from the digitized Hamburg/ESO objective-prism survey. On the basis of high-resolution VLT/UVES spectra, we derive abundances for eight elements (C, N, Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, Fe, and Ni) and upper limits for another 12 elements. A plane-parallel LTE model atmosphere has been specifically tailored for the chemical composition of HE 0107-5240. Scenarios of the origin of the abundance pattern observed in the star are discussed. We argue that HE 0107-5240 is most likely not a post-asymptotic giant branch star and that the extremely low abundances of the iron-peak and other elements are not due to selective dust depletion. The abundance pattern of HE 0107-5240 can be explained by preenrichment from a zero-metallicity Type II supernova (SN II) of 20-25 M☉, plus either self-enrichment with C and N or production of these elements in the asymptotic giant branch phase of a formerly more massive companion, which is now a white dwarf. However, significant radial velocity variations have not been detected within the 52 days covered by our moderate- and high-resolution spectra. Alternatively, the abundance pattern can be explained by enrichment of the gas cloud from which HE 0107-5240 formed by a 25 M☉ first-generation star exploding as a subluminous SN II, as proposed by Umeda & Nomoto. We discuss consequences of the existence of HE 0107-5240 for low-mass star formation in extremely metal-poor environments and for currently ongoing and future searches for the most metal-poor stars in the Galaxy.
Advocacy for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: One Call for Redirected Efforts

This article explores several topics related to advocating for students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Included is a discussion of advocacy and integrity applied to the educator's work. Various misdirected advocacy positions are critiqued and a new advocacy agenda proposed focusing on program appropriateness, qualified personnel, least restrictive environment, and meaningful classification and assessment procedures.
Interaction with a real time dynamic environment simulation using a magnetic levitation haptic interface device

A high performance six degree-of-freedom magnetic levitation haptic interface device has been integrated with a physically-based dynamic rigid-body simulation to enable realistic user interaction in real time with a 3-D dynamic virtual environment. The user grasps the levitated handle of the device to manipulate a virtual tool in the simulated environment and feels its force and motion response as it contacts and interacts with other objects in the simulation. The physical simulation and the magnetic levitation controller execute independently on separate processors. The position and orientation of the virtual tool in the simulation and the levitated handle of the maglev device are exchanged at each update of the simulation. The position and orientation data from each system act as impedance control setpoints for the other, with position error and velocity feedback on each system acting as virtual coupling between the two systems. The setpoints from the simulation are interpolated by the controller at the faster device control rate so that the user feels smooth sliding contacts without chattering due to the slower updates of the simulation. The simple feedback coupling between the two systems enables the overall stiffness and stability of the combined system to be tuned easily and provides realistic haptic user interaction. Sample task simulation environments have been programmed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the haptic interaction system.
Correction: Phthalates Induce Neurotoxicity Affecting Locomotor and Thermotactic Behaviors and AFD Neurons through Oxidative Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans

The authors would like to acknowledge that the article contains overlap in text with that from our previous publication [1] (reference 43 in the original article) and fragments in the text that overlap word-for-word with text from our previous publication [2] and a publication in Environ Toxicol Pharmacol [3] (reference 42 in the original article). The authors apologize for the overlap, for omitting to cite the publication [2] and for not properly quoting the text from [1, 2, 3]. The overlap in text relates to some of the information described in the Introduction section and to the description of the methodology under the Materials and Methods section. However, it should be noted that the identified issues have no bearing on the results and conclusions of the study.
Hanging Out in the Virtual Pub: Masculinities and Relationships Online

From the Publisher: "Hanging Out at the Virtual Pub provides a richly detailed and theoretically mediated understanding of gender's significance in online-game playing. This examination of the behavior of educated techno-elites helps us understand communities and larger social trends. Kendall's vision is neither utopian nor dystopian. People will buy this timely book. "-Anita Allen, professor of Law and Philosophy, University of Pennsylvania "This wonderful book is readable, enjoyable, and lively, providing a fascinating look into a world not known by many. It will appeal to those who have interests in computers and the friendship communities that evolve in cyberspace, as well as to those working on gender and race issues. "-Peter Nardi, author of Gay Men's Friendships:Invincible Communities Author Biography:Lori Kendall is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Purchase CollegeState University of New York.
Using a Latent Variables Representation to Estimate Structural Vars

A general class of structural vector autoregressions (VAR) is considered containing most variants encountered in empirical practice. Employing a latent variables representation of the system, such models can conveniently be estimated using standard software packages like LISREL. In particular we consider the latent variables representation for structural forms of Johansen's cointegrated VAR. The approach is illustrated using the well known examples of Blanchard and Quah (1989) and King, Plosser, Stock and Watson (1991). Moreover, a latent variables counterpart of the causal graph model suggested by Swanson and Granger (1996) is given.
Wheat germ agglutinin stains dispersed post‐golgi vesicles after treatment with the cytokinesis inhibitor psychosine

The galactosylsphingosine psychosine (Psy) is one of the sphingolipids and induce the formation of multinuclear cells in several cell lines by inhibiting cytokinesis. In the present report, we show that intracellular organelles, including wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)‐positive vesicles and early endosomes, are selectively dispersed by Psy. WGA is a conventional Golgi marker and WGA‐positive vesicles appeared to co‐localize with the Golgi apparatus in untreated cells. Psy treatment induced the dispersal of WGA‐positive vesicles without affecting the structure of the Golgi apparatus, resulting in discrimination of WGA‐positive vesicles from the Golgi apparatus. In sharp contrast to this effect of Psy, WGA‐positive vesicles were not affected by brefeldin A treatment, which induced the disappearance of the Golgi apparatus. Immunostaining with anti‐TGN46 antibodies revealed that a large portion of the WGA‐positive vesicles were derived from the trans‐Golgi network. Notably, the dispersed WGA‐positive vesicles did not stain with anti‐syntaxin 6, another marker of the trans‐Golgi network. During cytokinesis, WGA‐positive vesicles in the cytoplasm decreased, and WGA staining accumulated at the cleavage furrow, which was apparently inhibited by the presence of Psy. These data suggest that the transport of WGA‐positive vesicles to the cleavage furrow is associated with the progression of cytokinesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 517–525, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacological Manipulation of the Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus Changes Voluntary and Operant Ethanol Self-Administration in Rats.

BACKGROUND The aversive properties of ethanol (EtOH) that limit its intake are poorly understood. There is an increasing interest in the role of the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), because it encodes aversion signals and inhibits motivated behaviors. It is also a major source of inhibitory GABAergic inputs to the midbrain dopamine neurons. Up to this time, the role of the RMTg in EtOH-drinking behaviors has not been well explored. METHODS Male Long-Evans rats were trained either to drink EtOH under the intermittent 2-bottle-choice protocol or to self-administer EtOH in operant chambers under fixed-ratio-3 schedules. Changes in drinking behaviors induced by the bilateral infusion into the RMTg of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), an agonist of AMPA-type glutamate receptors, or muscimol, an agonist of GABAA receptors, were measured. RESULTS Consumption and preference for EtOH, numbers of active lever pressing, and head entrance to the EtOH port were all significantly decreased upon activation of the RMTg by the infusion of AMPA, but were increased upon inhibition of the RMTg by the infusion of muscimol. By contrast, intra-RMTg infusion of these agents did not change sucrose consumption. CONCLUSIONS These data show for the first time that EtOH-drinking and EtOH-seeking behaviors of rats changed inversely with RMTg function, supporting the idea that the RMTg plays a crucial role in EtOH-drinking behaviors.
DNA Origami Reorganizes upon Interaction with Graphite: Implications for High-Resolution DNA Directed Protein Patterning

Although there is a long history of the study of the interaction of DNA with carbon surfaces, limited information exists regarding the interaction of complex DNA-based nanostructures with the important material graphite, which is closely related to graphene. In view of the capacity of DNA to direct the assembly of proteins and optical and electronic nanoparticles, the potential for combining DNA-based materials with graphite, which is an ultra-flat, conductive carbon substrate, requires evaluation. A series of imaging studies utilizing Atomic Force Microscopy has been applied in order to provide a unified picture of this important interaction of structured DNA and graphite. For the test structure examined, we observe a rapid destabilization of the complex DNA origami structure, consistent with a strong interaction of single-stranded DNA with the carbon surface. This destabilizing interaction can be obscured by an intentional or unintentional primary intervening layer of single-stranded DNA. Because the interaction of origami with graphite is not completely dissociative, and because the frustrated, expanded structure is relatively stable over time in solution, it is demonstrated that organized structures of pairs of the model protein streptavidin can be produced on carbon surfaces using DNA origami as the directing material.
Asynchronous /spl lscr/-exclusion in mobile ad hoc networks

A solution to the /spl lscr/-exclusion problem for mobile ad hoc networks aims to provide access and control over /spl lscr/ identical copies of critical resources among mobile nodes. In literature, few token-based solutions to this problem are available. However, these solutions do not consider failures, such as loss or regeneration of tokens, crash or sudden recovery of nodes. This paper presents a consensus-based /spl lscr/-exclusion algorithm that explicitly copes with mobility associated with such networks. The algorithm is fault-resilient in the sense that it can tolerate loss of messages, link failures, sudden crash or recovery of at most /spl lscr/-1 mobile nodes. This paper presents a simulation study considering several performance metrics that can significantly impact the behavior of such an algorithm in different ad hoc settings. This paper also presents a proof of correctness and compares the algorithm with existing ones.
Improving student learningin an environmental engineering program with a research study project

The suitability of constructivist teaching strategies was studied in the context of environmental engineering education. The object of this study was a course called Water and Soil Analyses, which is taught to thirdand fourth-year environmental engineering students. Using pre-lecture assignments, focusing on peer interaction, having the students take responsibility for making their own research plans, taking advantage of the PDEODE method, doing fieldwork and laboratory analysis, and producing a report and presenting the results in a seminar, were all tools for motivating and engaging students to take responsibility for their learning. In addition, assessment of the course was spread throughout the course, without a traditional exam. When assessing the students' learning it was clear that the learning results were excellent. This includes both subject matter and other skills, such as social, teamwork and communication skills. The students' feedback was also mainly positive. The students found the course laborious and sometimes also difficult, but very rewarding. Taking responsibility for their own learning motivated them to work hard and thus gave excellent learning results. Also, seeing their work in a real-world context improved their engagement and learning. From the lecturer's point of view there is no turning back, even though some work modes need adjustment and focusing.
Granule Cell Dispersion and Aberrant Neurogenesis in the Adult Hippocampus of an LIS1 Mutant Mouse

Human type 1 lissencephaly is a severe brain malformation associated with cognitive dysfunction and intractable epilepsy. Mutant mice with a heterozygous deletion of LIS1 show varying degrees of hippocampal abnormality and enhanced excitability. Whether a reduction of LIS1 function affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and if so, whether aberrant neurogenesis contributes to the generation of a disorganized hippocampus remain unknown. Previous reports indicate the presence of multiple pyramidal cell layers and granule cell dispersion in LIS1 mutant mice. Here we observed disruption of the subgranular zone and glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive radial astrocytes in the dentate gyrus of adult LIS1 mice. Using pulse-chase bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling combined with neuronal and glial antibody staining we provide evidence for ectopic adult neurogenesis in LIS1 mice. A gradually decreased survival rate for these newborn granule cells was also demonstrated in LIS1 mice 7 days after BrdU injection. This reduced survival rate was associated with impaired neuronal differentiation 28 days after BrdU administration. Thus, LIS1 haploinsufficiency can lead to abnormal cell proliferation, migration and differentiation in the adult dentate gyrus.
Multimonth controlled small molecule release from biodegradable thin films

Significance Drug release from implants and coatings provides a means for local administration while minimizing systemic toxicity. Controlled release can provide a slowly eluting drug reservoir to maintain elevated therapeutic levels. Devices based on degradable polymer matrices can control drug release for multiple weeks, but longer durations typically require bulky, nondegradable devices. Using a combination of a polymer–drug conjugate and its electrostatic thin film assembly, we discovered a predictable long-term sustained release of more than 14 mo, far exceeding the duration noted in most previous reports, especially those from biodegradable matrices. Because of the substantial drug loading, nanoscale films were able to maintain significant concentrations that remained highly potent. We report a versatile, long-term drug delivery platform with broad biomedical implications. Long-term, localized delivery of small molecules from a biodegradable thin film is challenging owing to their low molecular weight and poor charge density. Accomplishing highly extended controlled release can facilitate high therapeutic levels in specific regions of the body while significantly reducing the toxicity to vital organs typically caused by systemic administration and decreasing the need for medical intervention because of its long-lasting release. Also important is the ability to achieve high drug loadings in thin film coatings to allow incorporation of significant drug amounts on implant surfaces. Here we report a sustained release formulation for small molecules based on a soluble charged polymer–drug conjugate that is immobilized into nanoscale, conformal, layer-by-layer assembled films applicable to a variety of substrate surfaces. We measured a highly predictable sustained drug release from a polymer thin film coating of 0.5–2.7 μm that continued for more than 14 mo with physiologically relevant drug concentrations, providing an important drug delivery advance. We demonstrated this effect with a potent small molecule nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, because this drug can be used to address chronic pain, osteoarthritis, and a range of other critical medical issues.
Job Resources Boost Work Engagement, Particularly When Job Demands Are High

This study of 805 Finnish teachers working in elementary, secondary, and vocational schools tested 2 interaction hypotheses. On the basis of the job demands-resources model, the authors predicted that job resources act as buffers and diminish the negative relationship between pupil misbehavior and work engagement. In addition, using conservation of resources theory, the authors hypothesized that job resources particularly influence work engagement when teachers are confronted with high levels of pupil misconduct. In line with these hypotheses, moderated structural equation modeling analyses resulted in 14 out of 18 possible 2-way interaction effects. In particular, supervisor support, innovativeness, appreciation, and organizational climate were important job resources that helped teachers cope with demanding interactions with students.