Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MIB-1 Proliferation Index Predicts Survival among Patients with Grade II Astrocytoma

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a relationship existed between MIB-1 labeling index (LI) percentages and survival in patients with grade II astrocytomas. From archival paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of 50 patients of the University of Michigan Medical Center with World Health Organization grade II astrocytomas, 22 patients had a Ki-67 LI of less than or equal to 2.0; and 28 patients had a MIB-1 LI of more than 2.0. Over a median follow-up interval of 10 years, ranging up to 16 years, 23% (n = 5) died of tumor in the first group while 82% (n = 23) died in the second group, a distinct difference in survival between these groups. Univariate analysis showed that a high MIB-1 predicted shorter survival (p < 0.0001), and that increased age was associated with shorter survival (p = 0.007). Gender, tumor location and radiotherapy had no significant association with survival. When adjusting for these (excluding tumor location) in the Cox proportional hazards model simultaneously, MIB-1 and age were independently prognostic. The hazard ratios were 1.301 per 1% MIB-1 LI (p = 0.0001), and 1.045 per year of age (p = 0.0028). From other studies, we know that histopathologic grade and age predict survival for glioma patients. However, even within grade II astrocytomas there is still a wide heterogeneity in how long a patient survives. We conclude that among grade II astrocytomas older patients and, independently, patients with higher MIB-1 labeling index have shorter survival.
Successful Treatment of Rotavirus-induced Diarrhoea in Suckling Mice with Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin

The role of specific immunoglobulins at mucosal sites in imparting protection against disease, such as rotavirus-associated diarrhoea, is well-established. Oral immunoglobulin therapy with egg yolk-derived antirotavirus immunoglobulins has previously been shown to achieve moderate therapeutic effect in diarrhoea due to rotavirus in a clinical trial. Here, data on the therapeutic potential of the same immunoglobulin preparation in an infant mouse model of rotavirus-induced diarrhoea is presented. The use of an animal model has allowed therapy to be evaluated with higher doses of immunoglobulins and has suggested that an improved therapeutic effect can be achieved by increasing the dose in the clinical setting.
Candid Interaction: Revealing Hidden Mobile and Wearable Computing Activities

The growth of mobile and wearable technologies has made it often difficult to understand what people in our surroundings are doing with their technology. In this paper, we introduce the concept of candid interaction: techniques for providing awareness about our mobile and wearable device usage to others in the vicinity. We motivate and ground this exploration through a survey on current attitudes toward device usage during interpersonal encounters. We then explore a design space for candid interaction through seven prototypes that leverage a wide range of technological enhancements, such as Augmented Reality, shape memory muscle wire, and wearable projection. Preliminary user feedback of our prototypes highlights the trade-offs between the benefits of sharing device activity and the need to protect user privacy.
From Computing Sets of Optima, Pareto Sets, and Sets of Nash Equilibria to General Decision-Related Set Computations

Several algorithms have been proposed to compute sets of optima, Pareto sets, and sets of Nash equilibria. In this paper, we present a general algorithm for decision-related set computations that includes all these algorithms as particular cases. To make our algorithm understandable to people working in optimization and in game theory, we also provide motivations and explanations for our formalizations of the corresponding problems and for the related notions of computable mathematics.
Reducing the Genetic Redundancy of Arabidopsis PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1 Transporters to Study Phosphate Uptake and Signaling1[OPEN]

Disruption of four genes severely reduces the active phosphate transport but does not impact phosphate sensing capacities in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) absorbs inorganic phosphate (Pi) from the soil through an active transport process mediated by the nine members of the PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1 (PHT1) family. These proteins share a high level of similarity (greater than 61%), with overlapping expression patterns. The resulting genetic and functional redundancy prevents the analysis of their specific roles. To overcome this difficulty, our approach combined several mutations with gene silencing to inactivate multiple members of the PHT1 family, including a cluster of genes localized on chromosome 5 (PHT1;1, PHT1;2, and PHT1;3). Physiological analyses of these lines established that these three genes, along with PHT1;4, are the main contributors to Pi uptake. Furthermore, PHT1;1 plays an important role in translocation from roots to leaves in high phosphate conditions. These genetic tools also revealed that some PHT1 transporters likely exhibit a dual affinity for phosphate, suggesting that their activity is posttranslationally controlled. These lines display significant phosphate deficiency-related phenotypes (e.g. biomass and yield) due to a massive (80%–96%) reduction in phosphate uptake activities. These defects limited the amount of internal Pi pool, inducing compensatory mechanisms triggered by the systemic Pi starvation response. Such reactions have been uncoupled from PHT1 activity, suggesting that systemic Pi sensing is most probably acting downstream of PHT1.
A softbot-based interface to the Internet

The Internet Softbot (software robot) is a fullyimplemented AI agent developed at the University of Washington (Etzioni, Lcsh, & Segal 1993). The softbot uses a UNIX shell and the World-Wide Web to interact with a wide range of internet resources. The softbot’s effectors include ftp, telnet, mail, and numerous file manipulation commaslds. Its sensors include internet facilities such as archie, gopher, netfind, and many more. The softbot is designed to incorporate new facilities into its repertoirc as they become available. The softbot’s "added value" is three-fold. First, it provides an integrated and expressive interface to the internet. Second, the softbot dynamically chooses which facilities to invoke, and in what sequence. For example, the softbot might use netfind to determine David McAllester’s e-mail address. Since it knows that netfind requires a person’s institution as input, the softbot would first search bibliographic databases for a technical report by McAllester which would reveal his institutkm, and then feed that information to netfind. Third, the softbot fluidly backtracks from one facility to another based on information collected at run time. As a result. , the softbot’s behavior changes in response to transient system conditions (e.g., the UUCP gateway is down). In this article, we focus on the ideas underlying the softbot-based interface.
The effects of anabolic agents and breed on the fibers of the longissimus muscle of male cattle.

Sample of longissimus muscle were taken from carcasses of steers, steers implanted with anabolic agents and bulls of Friesian and Charolais X Friesian breeds of cattle. Percent and mean cross-sectional areas (CSA) of three myofiber types (beta R, alpha R and alpha W) were determined. The percentage of beta R myofibers did not vary significantly with treatment. The implanted steers had 26% more alpha R and 8% less alpha W myofibers than the untreated steers, while the bulls had 33% more alpha R and 20% less alpha W myofibers than the implanted steers (P less than .001). In the implanted steers the mean CSA of the beta R myofibers was significantly greater than that of the untreated steers, but did not differ from that of the bull. The mean CSA of the alpha R myofibers increased considerably with treatment, but only that of the bull was significantly greater than that of the untreated steers. The mean CSA of the alpha W myofibers in the implanted steers was identical with that of the untreated steers and significantly smaller than that of the bulls. In comparison to the untreated steers, significant hypertrophy of all three myofiber types occurred in bulls. These findings demonstrate a significant increase in the oxidative capacity of the longissimus when the levels of both endogenous and exogenous anabolic agents are increased. They are also consistent with the greater efficiency of deposition of protein obtained with implanted steers and bulls. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dephosphorylation and Intracellular Redistribution of Ventricular Connexin43 During Electrical Uncoupling Induced by Ischemia

Electrical uncoupling at gap junctions during acute myocardial ischemia contributes to conduction abnormalities and reentrant arrhythmias. Increased levels of intracellular Ca2+ and H+ and accumulation of amphipathic lipid metabolites during ischemia promote uncoupling, but other mechanisms may play a role. We tested the hypothesis that uncoupling induced by acute ischemia is associated with changes in phosphorylation of the major cardiac gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43). Adult rat hearts perfused on a Langendorff apparatus were subjected to ischemia or ischemia/reperfusion. Changes in coupling were monitored by measuring whole-tissue resistance. Changes in the amount and distribution of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated isoforms of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy using isoform-specific antibodies. In control hearts, virtually all Cx43 identified immunohistochemically at apparent intercellular junctions was phosphorylated. During ischemia, however, Cx43 underwent progressive dephosphorylation with a time course similar to that of electrical uncoupling. The total amount of Cx43 did not change, but progressive reduction in total Cx43 immunofluorescent signal and concomitant accumulation of nonphosphorylated Cx43 signal occurred at sites of intercellular junctions. Functional recovery during reperfusion was associated with increased levels of phosphorylated Cx43. These observations suggest that uncoupling induced by ischemia is associated with dephosphorylation of Cx43, accumulation of nonphosphorylated Cx43 within gap junctions, and translocation of Cx43 from gap junctions into intracellular pools.
The effects of advance care planning on end-of-life care: A systematic review

Background: Advance care planning is the process of discussing and recording patient preferences concerning goals of care for patients who may lose capacity or communication ability in the future. Advance care planning could potentially improve end-of-life care, but the methods/tools used are varied and of uncertain benefit. Outcome measures used in existing studies are highly variable. Aim: To present an overview of studies on the effects of advance care planning and gain insight in the effectiveness of different types of advance care planning. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases for experimental and observational studies on the effects of advance care planning published in 2000–2012. Results: The search yielded 3571 papers, of which 113 were relevant for this review. For each study, the level of evidence was graded. Most studies were observational (95%), originated from the United States (81%) and were performed in hospitals (49%) or nursing homes (32%). Do-not-resuscitate orders (39%) and written advance directives (34%) were most often studied. Advance care planning was often found to decrease life-sustaining treatment, increase use of hospice and palliative care and prevent hospitalisation. Complex advance care planning interventions seem to increase compliance with patients’ end-of-life wishes. Conclusion: The effects of different types of advance care planning have been studied in various settings and populations using different outcome measures. There is evidence that advance care planning positively impacts the quality of end-of-life care. Complex advance care planning interventions may be more effective in meeting patients’ preferences than written documents alone. More studies are needed with an experimental design, in different settings, including the community.
Appears in the 36 th International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO-36 2003)

Silicon technology will continue to provide an exponential increase in the availability of raw transistors. Effectively translating this resource into application performance, however, is an open challenge. Ever increasing wire-delay relative to switching speed and the exponential cost of circuit complexity make simply scaling up existing processor designs futile. In this paper, we present an alternative to superscalar design, WaveScalar. WaveScalar is a dataflow instruction set architecture and execution model designed for scalable, low-complexity/high-performance processors. WaveScalar is unique among dataflow architectures in efficiently providing traditional memory semantics. At last, a dataflow machine can run “real-world” programs, written in any language, without sacrificing parallelism. The WaveScalar ISA is designed to run on an intelligent memory system. Each instruction in a WaveScalar binary executes in place in the memory system and explicitly communicates with its dependents in dataflow fashion. WaveScalar architectures cache instructions and the values they operate on in a WaveCache, a simple grid of “alu-in-cache” nodes. By co-locating computation and data in physical space, the WaveCache minimizes long wire, high-latency communication. This paper introduces the WaveScalar instruction set and evaluates a simulated implementation based on current technology. Results for the SPEC and Mediabench applications demonstrate that the WaveCache out-performs an aggressively configured superscalar design by 2-7 times, with ample opportunities for future optimizations.
Deep 610-MHz Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations of the Spitzer extragalactic First Look Survey field - III. The radio properties of Infrared-Faint Radio Sources

Infrared-faint radio sources (IFRSs) are a class of source which are bright at radio frequencies, but do not appear in deep infrared images. We report the detection of 14 IFRSs within the Spitzer extragalactic First Look Survey field, eight of which are detected near to the limiting magnitude of a deep R-band image of the region, at R ∼ 24.5. Sensitive Spitzer Space Telescope images are stacked in order to place upper limits on their mid-infrared flux densities, and using recent 610-MHz and 1.4-GHz observations we find that they have spectral indices which vary between a = 0.05 and 1.38, where we define a such that S ν = S 0 ν -α , and should not be thought of as a single source population. We place constraints on the luminosity and linear size of these sources, and through comparison with well-studied local objects in the Revised Revised Third Cambridge catalogue demonstrate that they can be modelled as being compact (<20 kpc) Fanaroff-Riley type II (FR II) radio galaxies located at high redshift (z ∼ 4).
On magic graphs

A( p,q)-graph G =( V,E) is said to be magic if there exists a bijection f : V ∪ E →{ 1, 2, 3,. ,p+ q} such that for all edges uv of G, f (u )+ f (v )+ f (uv) is a constant. The minimum of all constants say, m(G), where the minimum is taken over all such bijections of a magic graph G, is called the magic strength of G. In this paper we define the maximum of all constants say, M (G), analogous to m(G), and introduce strong magic, ideal magic, weak magic labelings, and prove that some known classes of graphs admit such labelings.
Emotion classification based on forehead biosignals using support vector machines in music listening

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using forehead biosignals as informative channels for classification of music-induced emotions. Classification of four emotional states in Arousal-Valence space was performed by employing two parallel support vector machines as arousal and valence classifiers. Relative powers of EEG sub-bands, spectral entropy, mean power frequency, and higher order crossings were extracted from each of the three forehead data channels: left Temporalis, Frontalis, and right Temporalis. The inputs of the classifiers were obtained by a feature selection algorithm based on a fuzzy-rough model. The averaged subject-independent classification accuracy of 93.80%, 92.43%, and 86.67% for arousal classification, valence classification, and classification of four emotional states in Arousal-Valence space, respectively, is achieved.
Heterogeneous precipitation on dislocations: effect of the elastic field on precipitate morphology

The shape of a coherent non-misfitting FeC precipitate formed from solute atoms that interact with a dislocation stress field was studied using kinetic Monte Carlo simulation on a rigid lattice. The system studied is a model for binary alloys with an interstitial alloying element similar to Fe–C. The interaction with the dislocation comprises both a short-range chemical term and a long-range deformation field. The effect of each of these terms on precipitate shapes for different C supersaturations was investigated. A simple analytical model is proposed to rationalize the results obtained in the atomistic simulations.
Conservation of hearing and protection of hair cells in cochlear implant patients' with residual hearing

This review covers the molecular mechanisms involved in hair cell and hearing losses which can result from trauma generated during the process of cochlear implantation and the contributions of both the intrinsic and extrinsic cell death signaling pathways in producing these trauma/inflammation induced losses. Application of soft surgical techniques to conserve hearing and protect auditory sensory cells during the process of cochlear implantation surgery and insertion of the electrode array during the process of cochlear implantation are reviewed and discussed. The role of drug therapy and mode of drug delivery for the conservation of a cochlear implant patient's residual hearing is presented and discussed. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Artificial motor control for electrically stimulated upper limbs of plegic or paretic people

Introduction: Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is a technique used in the restoration and generation of movements performed by subjects with neuromuscular disorders such as spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose of this article is to outline the state of the art and perspectives of the use of FES in artificial motor control of the upper limbs in paretic or plegic people. Methods The databases used in papers selection were Google Scholar and Capes’ Portals as well as proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (IFESS). Results Approximately 85% of the reviewed studies showed FES profile with pulse duration ranging from 1 to 300 μs and modulating (burst) frequency between 10 and 40 Hz. Regarding the type of electrodes, 88% of the studies employed transcutaneous electrodes. Conclusion We concluded that FES with closed-loop feedback and feedforward are the most used and most viable systems for upper limbs motor control, because they perform self-corrections slowing neuromuscular adaptation, allowing different planes and more range of movement and sensory-motor integration. One of the difficulties found in neuroprosthesis systems are electrical wires attached to the user, becoming uninteresting in relation to aesthetics and break. The future perspectives lead to a trend to miniaturization of the stimulation equipment and the availability of wireless networks, which allow the attachment of modules to other components without physical contact, and will become more attractive for daily use.
Ir gene function in an I-A subregion mutant B6.C-H-2bm12

The B6.C-H2bm12 (bm 12) strain has a mutation in the I-A subregion of the murine H-2 complex and is characterized by a loss of serologically detected Ia antigens and a strong graft rejection and mixed lymphocyte response between parent and mutant. It was presumed that the mutation affected the Ia-1 gene and to determine the relationship of Ia antigens and Ir genes, the immune responses of mutant and parent were compared. The immune responses to poly(L-Tyr,LGlu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(LLys), poly(Phe,Glu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(LLys), and poly(His,Glu)-poly(DLAla)-- poly(LLys) in parent and mutant were same, indicating the Ia-1 and the Ir genes for these antigens are not identical. By contrast, although C57BL/6 gave a good response, the mutant strain was unable to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes to the male-specific H-Y antigen--a response under I-A subregion Ir gene control, which now must be considered to be the Ia-1 gene. In addition, complementary Ir genes in the H-2b haplotype for the H-Y immune response could be detected when the bm12 mutant was used.
Influence of GABAA Receptor γ2 Splice Variants on Receptor Kinetics and Isoflurane Modulation

Background:γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors, the major inhibitory receptors in the brain, are important targets of many drugs, including general anesthetics. These compounds exert multiple effects on GABAA receptors, including direct activation, prolongation of deactivation kinetics, and reduction of inhibitory postsynaptic current amplitudes. However, the degree to which these actions occur differs for different agents and synapses, possibly because of subunit-specific effects on postsynaptic receptors. In contrast to benzodiazepines and intravenous anesthetics, there is little information available about the subunit dependency of actions of volatile anesthetics. Therefore, the authors studied in detail the effects of isoflurane on recombinant GABAA receptors composed of several different subunit combinations. Methods:Human embryonic kidney 293 cells were transiently transfected with rat complementary DNAs of α1β2, α1β2γ2L, α1β2γ2S, α5β3, or α5β3γ2S subunits. Using rapid application and whole cell patch clamp techniques, cells were exposed to 10- and 2,000-ms pulses of γ-aminobutyric acid (1 mm) in the presence or absence of isoflurane (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mm). Anesthetic effects on decay kinetics, peak amplitude, net charge transfer and rise time were measured. Statistical significance was assessed using the Student t test or one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey post hoc test. Results:Under control conditions, incorporation of a γ2 subunit conferred faster deactivation kinetics and reduced desensitization. Isoflurane slowed deactivation, enhanced desensitization, and reduced peak current amplitude in αβ receptors. Coexpression with a γ2 subunit caused these effects of isoflurane to be substantially reduced or abolished. Although the two γ2 splice variants imparted qualitatively similar macroscopic kinetic properties, there were significant quantitative differences between effects of isoflurane on deactivation and peak current amplitude in γ2S- versus γ2L-containing receptors. The net charge transfer resulting from brief pulses of γ-aminobutyric acid was decreased by isoflurane in αβ but increased in αβγ receptors. Conclusions:The results indicate that subunit composition does substantially influence modulation of GABAA receptors by isoflurane. Specifically, the presence of a γ2 subunit and the identity of its splice variant are important factors in determining physiologic and pharmacologic properties. These results may have functional implications in understanding how anesthetic effects on specific types of GABAA receptors in the brain contribute to changes in brain function and behavior.