Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
İlköğretim Okullarında Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin Öğretmenlerin Kişiler Arası Öz Yeterlik İnançları İle İlişkisinin İncelenmesi

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between teachers\' interpersonal self-efficacy beliefs and perceived organizational support in the primary schools. Totaly 247 teachers chosen by the random method,who work in eight state primary schools in Ankara in 2008-2009 school year , constitute participants of the research.Teachers\' interpersonal self-efficacy beliefs were determined with “Teacher Interpersonal Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale” whereas school organizational support level was determined with “Perceived Organizational Support Scale”. Pearson Moments Product Correlation Coefficient and Simple Regresyon Analysis were used in order to analyze data. The results mainly showed that there is a significant relationship between organizational identification and perceieved organizational support.
The making of English cricket cultures: empire, globalization and (post) colonialism

The aim of this article is to understand how English cricket cultures have been made, negotiated and, ultimately, resisted in the context of (post) colonialism. I draw upon research undertaken with white and British Asian cricketers in Yorkshire to identify the place and significance of cricket within the everyday lives of British Asian communities. Over the last decade the number of British Asian cricketers progressing into the upper echelons of the game (mainly the English County Championship) has increased. Many within the game (mainly white people) have used these figures to argue that English cricket is now ‘colour blind’. However, I argue that representation is not the equivalent to acceptance and integration, and present evidence to suggest that racial prejudice and discrimination, not to mention inaccurate and essentialized cultural stereotypes of British Asian cricketers, remain firmly and routinely embedded in aspects of the sport at all levels. I argue that the ability of British Asians to resist the hegemonic structures of white ‘Englishness’, by asserting their own distinctive post-colonial identities in cricket, is paramount to their everyday negotiations of power and racism.
E-Learning in Secondary Schools in Kenya: A Case of the NEPAD E-Schools

The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) schools were set up as centres of excellence in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) integration, so that other schools could copy their model in e-learning. It was for this reason that they were provided with computers, e-materials, internet appliances and trained personnel. But to gauge their levels of success as e-learning centres there was need to compare them to other schools offering ICT education in Kenya. It was for this reason that this study compared the application of the e-learning in NEPAD and non-NEPAD schools in Kenya. Specifically, the study: Identified significant differences in levels of integration of ICT in curriculum subjects; surveyed the differences in use of e-materials in education research; examined availability of e-libraries; identified significant differences in academic performance of NEPAD and non-NEPAD schools attributed to e-learning. The study used a combination of an exploratory approach using descriptive survey and ex-post-facto design. It was carried out in six of the eight provinces in Kenya, where the NEPAD schools are located. It targeted 1600 form four students from 35 secondary schools involved in ICT education (NEPAD schools included). Saturated sampling was used for the six NEPAD schools while six non-NEPAD schools were selected through simple random sampling. The sample consisted of three officials from the ministry of education, twelve principals and twelve heads of ICT department (HODs), and 570 of the form four students. The main data collection instrument was the questionnaire; administered to the students, the principals, and the HODs. The interview schedule was administered to the ministry of education personnel while an observation checklist was used as a confirmatory tool. Analysis was done using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that, there was a significant difference in the application of e-learning in NEPAD and non-NEPAD schools. Based on these findings, it was recommended that schools involved in ICT education should intensify teacher facilitation and support teacher roles that are required in e-learning
Pediatric within-day biological variation and quality specifications for 38 biochemical markers in the CALIPER cohort.

BACKGROUND Studies of biological variation provide insight into the physiological changes that occur within and between study participants. Values obtained from such investigations are important for patient monitoring and for establishing quality specifications. In this study we evaluated the short-term biological variation of 38 chemistry, lipid, enzyme, and protein analytes in a pediatric population, assessed the effect of age partitions on interindividual variation, and compared the findings to adult values. METHODS Four plasma samples each were obtained within 8 h from 29 healthy children (45% males), age 4-18 years. Samples were stored at -80 °C and analyzed in 3 batches, with samples from 9-10 study participants per batch. Within-person and between-person biological variation values were established using nested ANOVA after exclusion of outliers by use of the Tukey outlier test. Analytical quality specifications were established with the Fraser method. RESULTS Biological variation coefficients and analytical goals were established for 38 analytes. Age partitioning was required for 6 analytes. Biological variation characteristics of 14 assays (37%) were distinct from adult values found in the Westgard database on biological variation. Biological variation characteristics were established for 2 previously unreported analytes, unconjugated bilirubin and soluble transferrin receptor. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to examine biological variation and to establish analytical quality specifications on the basis of biological variation for common assays in a pediatric population. These results provide insight into pediatric physiology, are of use for reference change value calculations, clarify the appropriateness of reference interval use, and aid in the development of quality management strategies specific to pediatric laboratories.
‘It's all scientific to me’: focus group insights into why young people do not apply safe-sex knowledge

Despite rising levels of safe-sex knowledge in Australia, sexually transmitted infection notifications continue to increase. A culture-centred approach suggests it is useful in attempting to reach a target population first to understand their perspective on the issues. Twenty focus groups were conducted with 89 young people between the ages of 14 and 16 years. Key findings suggest that scientific information does not articulate closely with everyday practice, that young people get the message that sex is bad and they should not be preparing for it and that it is not appropriate to talk about sex. Understanding how young people think about these issues is particularly important because the focus groups also found that young people disengage from sources of information that do not match their own experiences.
Asymptotics of a Two-Scale Stochastic Volatility Model

We present an asymptotic analysis of derivative prices arising from a stochastic volatility model of the underlying asset price that incorporates a separation between the short (tick-bytick) time-scale of uctuation of the price and the longer (less rapid) time-scale of volatility uctuations. The model includes leverage or skew e ects (a negative correlation between price and volatility shocks), and a nonzero market price of volatility risk. The results can be used to estimate the latter parameter, which is not observable, from at-the-money European option prices. Detailed simulations and estimation of parameters are presented in [6].
Paths into and out of poverty among immigrants in Sweden

In this article I analyse longitudinal patterns of relative poverty among the foreign-born in Sweden, with data drawn from the register-based LINDA dataset. The descriptive statistics suggest that immigrants stay in poverty longer than poor natives do, just as they more often fall back into poverty. Poverty transitions are more frequently associated with employment transition among immigrants than among natives, while other trigger events are more prevalent among natives who experience poverty transition. Conditional transition rates of all the events associated with poverty exits and entries are more favourable for natives. The multivariate analysis shows that poverty is stickier among immigrants even after controlling for the observable characteristics, but the degree of disadvantage relative to natives varies greatly by immigrant group. Longer duration of stay and living with a Swedish-born adult are both beneficial in the context of poverty dynamics.
Multimodal medical image fusion using daubechies complex wavelet transform

In the present work, we propose a new weighted fusion scheme using Daubechies complex wavelet transform (DCxWT). Shift sensitivity and lack of phase information in real valued wavelet transforms motivated to use DCxWT for multimodal medical image fusion. It was experimentally found that shift invariance and phase information properties improve the performance of image fusion in complex wavelet domain. Therefore, we used DCxWT for fusion of multimodal medical images. To show the effectiveness of the proposed work, we have compared our method with existing DCxWT, dual tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), non-sub contourlet transform (NSCT) and contourlet transform (CT) based fusion methods using edge strength and mutual information fusion metrics. Comparison results clearly show that the proposed fusion scheme with DCxWT outperforms existing DCxWT, DTCWT, DWT, NSCT and CT based fusion methods.
Modelling Second Language Performance: Integrating Complexity, Accuracy, Fluency, and Lexis

Complexity, accuracy, and fluency have proved useful measures of second language performance. The present article will re-examine these measures themselves, arguing that fluency needs to be rethought if it is to be measured effectively, and that the three general measures need to be supplemented by measures of lexical use. Building upon this discussion, generalizations are reviewed which focus on inter-relationships between the measures, especially between accuracy and complexity, since positive correlations between these two areas have been less common in the literature. Some examples of accuracy–complexity correlations are reviewed. The central issue here is how to account for these correlations, and so the discussion explores rival claims from the Cognition and Trade-off Hypotheses. It is argued that such joint raised performance between accuracy and complexity is not a function of task difficulty, as the Cognition Hypothesis would predict, but that instead it reflects the joint operation of separate task and task condition factors. Extending the theoretical discussion, connection is made with the Levelt model of first language speaking, and it is proposed that the results obtained in the task-based performance literature can be linked to this model, modified to take account of differences between first and second language processing, particularly as these stem from differences in the underlying mental lexicons.
γ-Radiation Promotes Immunological Recognition of Cancer Cells through Increased Expression of Cancer-Testis Antigens In Vitro and In Vivo

Background γ-radiation is an effective treatment for cancer. There is evidence that radiotherapy supports tumor-specific immunity. It was described that irradiation induces de novo protein synthesis and enhances antigen presentation, we therefore investigated whether γ-radiation results in increased expression of cancer-testis (CT) antigens and MHC-I, thus allowing efficient immunological control. This is relevant because the expression of CT-antigens and MHC-I on tumor cells is often heterogeneous. We found that the changes induced by γ-radiation promote the immunological recognition of the tumor, which is illustrated by the increased infiltration by lymphocytes after radiotherapy. Methods/Findings We compared the expression of CT-antigens and MHC-I in various cancer cell lines and fresh biopsies before and after in vitro irradiation (20 Gy). Furthermore, we compared paired biopsies that were taken before and after radiotherapy from sarcoma patients. To investigate whether the changed expression of CT-antigens and MHC-I is specific for γ-radiation or is part of a generalized stress response, we analyzed the effect of hypoxia, hyperthermia and genotoxic stress on the expression of CT-antigens and MHC-I. In vitro irradiation of cancer cell lines and of fresh tumor biopsies induced a higher or de novo expression of different CT-antigens and a higher expression of MHC-I in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Importantly, we show that irradiation of cancer cells enhances their recognition by tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. The analysis of paired biopsies taken from a cohort of sarcoma patients before and after radiotherapy confirmed our findings and, in addition showed that irradiation resulted in higher infiltration by lymphocytes. Other forms of stress did not have an impact on the expression of CT-antigens or MHC-I. Conclusions Our findings suggest that γ-radiation promotes the immunological recognition of the tumor. We therefore propose that combining radiotherapy with treatments that support tumor specific immunity may result in increased therapeutic efficacy.
Group creativity: musical performance and collaboration

In this article, I focus on three defining characteristics of group creativity: improvisation, collaboration and emergence. To demonstrate these three characteristics, I present several examples of group creativity in both music and theater. Then I explore how structure and improvisation are always both present in group creativity. Improvisations contain elements of structure and structured performances contain improvisational elements. I conclude by suggesting some implications for musical education and for education in general.
What makes a group of good citizens? The role of perceived group‐level fit and critical psychological states in organizational teams

Recent studies have expanded the construct of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) to the group level and demonstrated its significance in predicting group performance . I nt his study ,w eh av ef urther expanded this growing stream of research regarding group-level OCB (GOCB), by identifying distinct group characteristics that predict GOCB. Specifically ,w eh av ei solated perceived group–organization (G–O) fit and group–task (G–T) fit as meaningful antecedents of GOCB. We further propose that the perceived G–O and G–T fit influence GOCB by shaping tw oi ntermediate psychological states of group members: cohesion and group efficacy . O ur findings, which wer eb ased on multi-source data collected from 43 organizational teams, demonstrated that cohesion completely mediated the effect of perceived G–O fit on GOCB. Group efficacy ,h owever ,p rove dn ot to be as ignificant mediator of the relationship between perceived G–T fit and GOCB. Instead, G–T fit had as ignificant direct effec to nG OCB. This stud yh ighlights th es ignificance of group-level conceptualization of group–environment interaction as ap otential driver of various group processes and outcomes.
Identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains at the Species Level by PCR Targeted to the toxR Gene

ABSTRACT The DNA colony hybridization test with the polynucleotide probe forVibrio parahaemolyticus toxR gene was performed. All 373 strains of V. parahaemolyticus gave positive results, and the strains belonging to four other Vibrio species including Vibrio alginolyticus gave weakly positive results, suggesting that toxR sequence variation may reflect the phylogenetic relationships of Vibrio species. We then established a toxR-targeted PCR protocol for the specific detection of V. parahaemolyticus.
A neuropsychological assessment of frontal cognitive functions in Prader-Willi syndrome.

BACKGROUND Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is associated with a characteristic behavioural phenotype whose main features are, alongside compulsive hyperphagia, deficits in social behaviour: social withdrawal, temper tantrums, perseverative speech and behaviour, mental rigidity, stereotyped behaviour, impulsiveness, etc. Similar symptoms may also be found in autistic spectrum disorders and lesional pathologies of the frontal lobe. In both cases, such symptoms have been related to dysfunctions in frontal cognitive processes such as attention, working memory and executive functions. This study uses standardized neuropsychological instruments to analyse the degree to which these processes are affected in PWS. METHODS The sample comprised 16 individuals with a genetically confirmed PWS diagnosis. Subjects' IQ (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale), academic level, laterality and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Attention, memory and executive functions were analysed using standard, widely employed neuropsychological tests. We compared the results of the sample group with the general population. Correlation analyses were carried out with IQ, academic level and BMI. RESULTS In all the neuropsychological measures focusing on attention, executive functions and visuoperceptual organization, the study sample scored significantly lower than the normative reference population. The scores of the tests used for measuring immediate memory were also significantly lower when trials required sequential processing, although not when they required simultaneous processing. In the memorization of a list of words, subjects showed an initial deficit which disappeared with repetition, enabling them to obtain scores similar to the reference population. No significant correlations were found with BMI, and a higher IQ or academic level did not improve scores in the majority of tests. CONCLUSIONS The study shows a deficit in elementary frontal cognitive processes in PWS patients. This deficit may be involved in the social behaviour disorders that characterize such patients, as described in other development or frontal syndrome pathologies. However, we cannot affirm that the deficits found are specific to PWS; they could also occur in other causes of intellectual disability. Although in the study sample IQ did not correlate with frontal deficits, further research is needed to establish whether the neuropsychological alterations described form part of a cognitive phenotype for PWS. We believe that our understanding of the social behaviours typical of PWS may be improved by taking into consideration the cognitive functioning models of the prefrontal lobe, particularly those applied to pervasive developmental disorders.
Interaction between environmental and genetic factors modulates schizophrenic endophenotypes in the Snap-25 mouse mutant blind-drunk

To understand the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia requires consideration of multiple genetic and non-genetic factors. However, very little is known about the consequences of combining models of synaptic dysfunction with controlled environmental manipulations. Therefore, to generate new insights into gene–environment interactions and complex behaviour, we examined the influence of variable prenatal stress (PNS) on two mouse lines with mutations in synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (Snap-25): the blind-drunk (Bdr) point mutant and heterozygous Snap-25 knockout mice. Neonatal development was analysed in addition to an assessment of adult behavioural phenotypes relevant to the psychotic, cognitive and negative aspects of schizophrenia. These data show that PNS influenced specific anxiety-related behaviour in all animals. In addition, sensorimotor gating deficits previously noted in Bdr mutants were markedly enhanced by PNS; significantly, these effects could be reversed with the application of anti-psychotic drugs. Moreover, social interaction abnormalities were observed only in Bdr animals from stressed dams but not in wild-type littermates or mutants from non-stressed mothers. These results show for the first time that combining a synaptic mouse point mutant with a controlled prenatal stressor paradigm produces both modified and previously unseen phenotypes, generating new insights into the interactions between genetics and the environment relevant to the study of psychiatric disease.
The Investigation of the Relationship among Analyst Following, Managerial Ownership and Firm Valuation: From the Perspective of Agency Theory

In this study, the relationship among analyst following, managerial ownership and firm valuation is investigated from the perspective of agency theory by using a nonlinear simultaneous equation model. The data from the Taiwan stock market verify the proposed hypotheses with a nonlinear three-stage least-square procedure. The empirical results show that managerial ownership (serving an internal monitoring function) and number of analysts following (serving an external monitoring function) are respectively nonlinear and linear increasing functions of firm valuation, while managerial ownership and analyst following are substitutes in the monitoring of the firm. The results generated from this study support an alignment effect and an entrenchment effect in the relationship between managerial ownership and firm valuation after controlling for the effect of analyst following. Evidence also shows that analyst coverage serves to enhance firm valuation after controlling for the effect of managerial ownership. In addition, a substitution effect between number of analysts following and managerial ownership is found to exist as well as a decreasing marginal value for managerial ownership. It is indicated that both security analysts and managerial ownership serve as monitoring forces in the firm and higher level of monitoring forces, whether internal or external, will enhance firm valuation. The results reveal that the security analysts serve the external monitoring function by reducing the agency cost associated with the separation of ownership and control in the Taiwan stock market.
Pupils' views on equity in schools

This paper presents student perspectives on what they consider to be a fair and equitable national education system, based on their own experiences of primary and secondary level schooling by the age of 13 or 14. A survey of 5432 students in five countries involved a questionnaire administered as part of an EU‐funded project to develop indicators of equity in European school systems. Overall, the UK students reported favouring an egalitarian system where all students were treated in the same way, and this was largely what they felt that they experienced. In this respect, they differed from their peers in the other EU countries, a substantial proportion of whom thought that the least able should receive more support and attention in class, but who found that more attention was actually given to the more able. The UK students also appeared to be more self‐confident about their ability to succeed in school. We discuss these results in terms of policies for school allocation, student assessment and the formation of personal notions of justice. In particular, we argue that equity in structure and procedure is important for the effective teaching of notions of justice in citizenship studies.