Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teaching Model of Japanese Translation under Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics Translation Theory

At present the foreign language translation teaching basically following traditional teaching mode, this is a bottleneck to improve students’ translation ability effectively. Improvement of students’ translation ability has a close relationship to cognitive style and personal experiences. Translation concept of cognitive linguistics emphasizes fully the constraints of experience and knowledge, strive for dealing with relationship between text, cognitive subject, translations, the real world, the author, translator and readers, in order to achieve “reasonableness of explanation” and “harmony of translation”, to improve the quality and effectiveness of the practice translation teaching, providing new concepts and ideas for modern foreign language translation teaching model.
Multi-functional interconnect co-optimization for fast and reliable 3D stacked ICs

Heat removal and power delivery have become two major reliability concerns in 3D stacked IC technology. For thermal problem, two possible solutions exist: thermal-through-silicon-vias (T-TSVs) and micro-fluidic channel (MFC) based liquid cooling. In case of power delivery, a highly complex power distribution network is required to deliver currents reliably to all parts of the 3D stacked IC while suppressing the power supply noise to an acceptable level. However, these thermal and power networks pose major challenges in signal routability and congestion. This is because the signal, power, and thermal interconnects are all competing for routing space. In this paper, we present a co-optimization methodology for the signal, power, and thermal interconnects for 3D stacked ICs based on design of experiments (DOE) and response surface method (RSM). The goal is to improve performance, thermal, noise, and congestion metrics with our holistic approach. We also provide in-depth comparison between T-TSV and MFC based cooling method and discuss how to employ DOE and RSM to best co-optimize the multi-functional interconnects simultaneously. Categories and Subject Descriptors B.7. 2 [Hardware]: Integrated Circuits-Design Aids General Terms Design, Reliability
Exploring the Influential Factors on Online Investment Platform

The objective of this study is to identify the variables that significantly determine the intention to use online investment platform. This study extended the TAM into four other variables, namely, perceived security, perceived financial return, perceived religiosity and Islamic worldview. A survey of 246 Muslims of online banking users in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. The data were analyzed using Structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS 16. From the analysis, the data has revealed that five factors determine the intention to use online investment platform from the potential investor's point of view. The recommendation were also proposed.
Activation of latent self-schemas as a cognitive vulnerability factor for depression: The potential role of implicit self-esteem

To date, only two studies have investigated implicit self-esteem in depressed individuals. Surprisingly, both studies found evidence not in line with the cognitive theory of depression. We wanted to test whether these findings are replicable by investigating implicit self-esteem using the Implicit Association Test in currently depressed (CD), never depressed controls (ND), and formerly depressed individuals (FD). The latter two groups were tested before and after a negative mood induction. The results are in line with the previous two studies suggesting no difference in implicit self-esteem between CD patients and ND controls. Moreover, before mood induction, FD individuals evidenced a higher implicit self-esteem as compared to the two other groups. Compared to ND participants, FD individuals showed a significant drop in implicit self-esteem after the negative mood induction procedure, but this was due to the higher implicit self-esteem of FD before the mood induction. These results are discussed in the light of new perspectives on implicit self-esteem and depression.
Enhancement by T-Type Ca2+ Currents of Odor Sensitivity in Olfactory Receptor Cells

Mechanisms underlying action potential initiation in olfactory receptor cells (ORCs) during odor stimulation were investigated using conventional and dynamic patch-clamp recording techniques. Under current-clamp conditions, action potentials generated by a least effective odor-induced depolarization were almost completely blocked by 0.1 mm Ni(2+), a T-type Ca(2+) channel blocker, but not by 0.1 mm Cd(2+), a high voltage-activated Ca(2+) channel blocker. Under voltage-clamp conditions, depolarizing voltage steps induced a fast transient inward current, which consisted of Na(+) (I(Na)) and T-type Ca(2+) (I(Ca,T)) currents. The amplitude of I(Ca,T) was approximately one-fourth of that of I(Na) (0.23 +/- 0.03, mean +/- SEM). Because both I(Na) and I(Ca,T) are known to show rapid inactivation, we examined how much I(Na) and I(Ca,T) are activated during the gradually depolarizing initial phase of receptor potentials. The ratio of I(Ca,T)/I(Na) during a ramp depolarization at the slope of 0.5 mV/msec was 0.56 +/- 0.03. Using the dynamic patch-clamp recording technique, we also recorded I(Ca,T) and I(Na) during the generation of odor-induced action potentials. This ratio of I(Ca,T)/I(Na) was 0.54 +/- 0.04. These ratios were more than twice as large as that (0.23) obtained from the experiment using voltage steps, suggesting that I(Ca,T) carries significant amount of current to generate the action potentials. We conclude that I(Ca,T) contributes to enhance odor sensitivity by lowering the threshold of spike generation in ORCs.
Cosmological constant and vacuum energy

The general thermodynamic analysis of the quantum vacuum, which is based on our knowledge of the vacua in condensed‐matter systems, is consistent with the Einstein earlier view on the cosmological constant. In the equilibrium Universes the value of the cosmological constant is regulated by matter. In the empty Universe, the vacuum energy is exactly zero, λ=0. The huge contribution of the zero point motion of the quantum fields to the vacuum energy is exactly cancelled by the higher‐energy degrees of freedom of the quantum vacuum. In the equilibrium Universes homogeneously filled by matter, the vacuum is disturbed, and the energy density of the vacuum becomes proportional to that of matter, λ=ρvac∼ρmatter. This consideration applies to any vacuum in equilibrium irrespective of whether the vacuum is false or true, and is valid both in Einstein's general theory of relativity and within the special theory of relativity, i.e. in a world without gravity.
Interdomain routing and games

We present a game-theoretic model that captures many of the intricacies of interdomain routing in today's Internet. In this model, the strategic agents are source nodes located on a network, who aim to send traffic to a unique destination node. The interaction between the agents is dynamic and complex -- asynchronous, sequential, and based on partial information. Best-reply dynamics in this model capture crucial aspects of the interdomain routing protocol de facto, namely the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). We study complexity and incentive-related issues in this model. Our main results are showing that in realistic and well-studied settings, BGP is incentive-compatible. I.e., not only does myopic behaviour of all players converge to a "stable" routing outcome, but no player has motivation to unilaterally deviate from the protocol. Moreover, we show that even coalitions of players of any size cannot improve their routing outcomes by collaborating. Unlike the vast majority of works in mechanism design, our results do not require any monetary transfers (to or by the agents).
Trampoline Trauma in Children: Is It Preventable?

Objectives: Trampoline injuries represent a preventable cause of injury in children. This study identified the characteristics of children injured while using trampolines who presented to a pediatric trauma center in Sydney, Australia. Methods: The Pediatric Trauma Database at our institution was reviewed to identify children with trampoline-related injuries between January 1999 and June 2008. Data collected included age, sex, Injury Severity Score, anatomical region injured, type of injury, mechanism of injury, site of injury and surface fallen onto, level of supervision, treatment, and hospital length of stay. Results: Over the 9.5-year review period, 383 children presented with trampoline-related injuries: 193 (50.4%) were female. Just over a quarter (n = 106, 27.7%) were treated and discharged the same day. The remaining patients accounted for 725 hospital bed days with a mean length of stay of 2.3 days. The most common area of the body injured was the upper limb (n = 246, 64.2%), with a fall from the trampoline to the ground being the most frequent mechanism of injury (n = 257, 67.1%). The majority (n = 345, 90.1%) of children were injured in their home or at the home of a friend or relative. Surgery was required in 236 (61.6%), with closed reduction of an upper limb fracture being the most common procedure (n = 107, 27.9%). Conclusions: Trampoline-related injuries remain common in children. Implementation of current guidelines and the introduction of innovative trampoline designs should reduce the risk of this injury in children.
A Non-interactive Methodology to Assess Farmers' Utility Functions: An Application to Large Farms in Andalusia, Spain

This paper proposes a methodological approach for eliciting farmer' utility functions. The methodology is non-interactive, in that the parameters defining the utility function are obtained by observing the actual behavior adopted by farmers without resorting to the use of questions on random lotteries. The methodology recognises that the farmer attempts to achieve several objectives, most of which are in conflict. The methodological approach is applied to a large farmer in the county of Vega de Cordoba, Spain. The primary empirical finding of this research was a satisfactory explanation of farmers' behaviour through a multi-attribute utility function with three attributes: working capital, risk and level of relative profitability. Copyright 1998 by Oxford University Press.
Aspects of non-native pronunciation in a case of altered accent following stroke (foreign accent syndrome)

Foreign accent syndrome (FAS) refers to a disorder that involves foreign sounding speech, usually following stroke. This paper presents a case study of an English patient allegedly speaking with a Scottish English accent after right-hemisphere stroke. The results of detailed impressionistic and acoustic analyses are reported, based on a direct comparison of the patient's pre-stroke and post-stroke speech samples. The emphasis is on a comparison of the typical features of Scottish English and phonetic features actually found in the patient's post-stroke speech. The respective roles of prosodic and segmental features in the post-stroke speech sample are also discussed. Rather untypically, prosodic features seem to be affected to a much lesser extent than segmental phonetic features in the patient's post-stroke speech. They are, therefore, less likely to contribute to the perception of a foreign accent.
Developing Access between Universities and Local Community Groups: A University Helpdesk in Action

In this article, the authors offer the University of Brighton’s Community-University Partnership Programme (CUPP) Helpdesk as a model of an “enabling platform” for university-community engagement. Despite the growth of practical and scholarly activity in this area, there is a relative lack of research focused on the processes by which higher education institutions establish and sustain community partnerships. An account of the development of the helpdesk is related to a discussion of its role in capacity building, both within the university and externally. The authors review some of the organizational barriers to effec tive university-community interaction and suggest that, while concrete models remain elusive in the literature, a mechanism such as the CUPP Helpdesk can help overcome the barriers that hinder the facilitation of engagement work.
Factors that Influence Recipients’ Appraisals of Hurtful Communication

Interpersonal relationships provide a context in which hurtful messages are likely to be exchanged. This study examined the factors that influence recipients’ appraisals of hurtevoking messages. Specifically, this investigation examined three types of appraisals individuals make about a comment that hurt their feelings: the extent to which it reflects Concern, provides Comfort, or offers Help. Results revealed that both distal (e.g., relationship satisfaction and closeness) and proximal factors (e.g., message intensity and message hurtfulness) influenced recipients’ appraisals of hurtful statements. Interestingly, the only variable that was consistently a significant predictor of each type of appraisal was message intensity. How a message was stated was pivotal in shaping recipients’ appraisals of it. Given the importance of investigating how people navigate relational transgressions, the findings of the present study shed light on the factors that may help to promote less negative interpretations of hurtful communication in personal relationships.
Teens, privacy and online social networks: How teens manage their online identities and personal information in the age of MySpace

The majority of teens actively manage their online profiles to keep the information they believe is most sensitive away from the unwanted gaze of strangers, parents and other adults according to this survey conducted by Amanda Lenhart and Mary Madden. While many teens post their first name and photos on their profiles, they rarely post information on public profiles they believe would help strangers actually locate them. The majority of teens actively manage their online profiles to keep the information they believe is most sensitive away from the unwanted gaze of strangers, parents and other adults. While many teens post their first name and photos on their profiles, they rarely post information on public profiles they believe would help strangers actually locate them such as their full name, home phone number or cell phone number. At the same time, nearly two-thirds of teens with profiles (63%) believe that a motivated person could eventually identify them from the information they publicly provide on their profiles. This report, based on a survey and a series of focus groups conducted by the Pew Internet & American Life Project examines how teens, particularly those with profiles online, make decisions about disclosing or shielding personal information. Some 55% of online teens have profiles and most of them restrict access to their profile in some way. Of those with profiles, 66% say their profile is not visible to all internet users. Of those whose profile can be accessed by anyone online, nearly half (46%) say they give at least some false information. Teens post fake information to protect themselves and also to be playful or silly.
Dengue Vaccines: Challenge and Confrontation

Dengue has been recognized as one of the most important vector-borne human diseases. The disease is induced by dengue virus infection resulting from the bite of an infected Aedes spp. mosquito after imbibing the tainted blood from animals or patients. Dynamic clinical spectrums ranging from asymptomatic, undifferentiated fever, typical dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) have been well documented. Initially, the disease was mainly restricted in tropical and subtropical zones. However, with factors such as ineffective vector control, frequency of human migration, unplanned urbanization, and changing climate temperature, the disease has been spotted at almost every territory of the earth. Dengue has been associated with human disease for more than two centuries. Although classic DF is viewed as a self-limited illness, subjects normally resolve within two weeks and recover without any noticeable complications or sequelae, some of these infected individuals may progress to life-threatening DHF/DSS, characterized with plasma leakage due to an increase in capillary permeability. The significantly increased public health threat and the burden of morbidity and mortality of dengue globally has caught the attention of public officials and prompted an action to find a way to contain and prevent the disease. The lack of specific dengue therapeutics has led to an emphasis on vaccine development, one of the best and effective strategies to reduce and prevent the illness. Making a dengue vaccine has been attempted more than six decades; although some of these products are in clinical trials, vaccine development for the prevention of dengue disease is still at its infancy. So far no dengue vaccine is available for the public. Dengue vaccine development may be hindered by the complexity of the clinical presentations, which implicates that multiple pathogenic mechanisms are involved in dengue disease. Some of these elements will be discussed in the current review. Opening up discussion on these pros and cons and engaging in more research to understand these features would not only improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of the dengue virus infection but also pave a new tactic to develop a safer and effective dengue vaccine.
A Comparative Evaluation of Four Response Formats in Personality Ratings

Four basic response formats that are most frequently used in personality ratings were distinguished in terms of two psychometric criteria—the neutral response option and hierarchical gradients on the underlying measurement continuum. Theoretical discussions of their relative superiorities were substantiated by a comparative evaluation of empirical personality ratings under different formats for the same PRF scale items. Results indicated the existence of three types of inter-format relationships for all personality dimensions measured. In addition, the free-choice discriminating format was found to be the most appropriate for future personality and trait attribution research. Finally, implications were made concerning the validity and utility of various measurement instruments using different response formats.
The Emergence of Industrial Relations in Regional Trade Blocks - A Comparative Analysis

This article analyses the emergence and institutionalization of regional industrial relations arrangements in six regional integration agreements (European Union, North American Free Trade Association, Mercado Comun del Sur, Economic Community of West African States, Southern African Development Community, Association of Southeast Asian Nations). In each, the article investigates human and social rights, labour standards, residence and social security rights of migrants, regional union and employer organization, and provisions for social dialogue. The article tries to explain the comparative differences in emergent regional industrial relations by testing four competing hypotheses based on integration and institutional theories specified at the regional and national level.
The Interpretation of Libet's Results on the Timing of Conscious Events: A Commentary

A commentary on articles by Klein, Pockett, and Trevena and Miller, in this issue, is given. Average shift in the point of subjective equality (PSE), calculated by Klein on Libet's data, and corresponding change in mean shift, calculated by Libet et al. (1983), may be "corrected," taking as a reference point the end of the minimum train duration. Values obtained, if significant, indicate a latency for conscious sensation of the skin stimulus of at least 230 ms. Pockett's main conclusions are favored, but her explanation of peripheral-lemniscal couplings is found to be unconvincing. Trevena and Miller's article unsuccessfully tries to rescue a dualist interactionist view. Libet's method of timing intentions is thoroughly criticized.
Primary breast lymphomas

The diagnosis, prognostic factors, and optimal management of primary breast lymphomas (PBL) is difficult. Seven patients recorded at the Geneva Cancer Registry between 1973–1998 were reviewed. Five patient had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, one a follicular lymphoma and one a MALT-lymphoma. All patients had clinical and radiological findings consistent with breast cancer and underwent mastectomy, which is not indicated in PBL. Diagnosis should be established prior to operative interventions, as fine needle aspiration missed the diagnosis for one patient and intra-operative frozen sections for 3 patients in our study. Five-year and 10-year overall survivals were 57% and 15%, respectively. Of the 3 patients who died from PBL, 2 had tumors that were Bcl-2 positive but Bcl-6 negative. All 3 surviving patients have positive Bcl-2 and Bcl-6 immunostaining, which could be important prognostic factors if confirmed by a larger study.
Discussion in Postsecondary Classrooms

Spoken language is, arguably, the primary means by which teachers teach and students learn. Much of the literature on language in classrooms has focused on discussion that is seen as both a method of instruction and a curricular outcome. While much of the research on discussion has focused on K-12 classrooms, there is also a body of research examining the efficacy of discussion in postsecondary settings. This article provides a review of this literature in order to consider the effect of discussion on student learning in college and university classrooms, the prevalence of discussion in postsecondary settings, and the quality of discussion in these settings. In general, the results of research on the efficacy of discussion in postsecondary settings are mixed. More seriously, researchers have not been explicit about the meaning of discussion and much of what is called discussion in this body of research is merely recitation with minimal levels of student participation. Although the research on discussion in college and university classrooms is inconclusive, some implications can be drawn from this review of the research including the need for future researchers to clearly define what they mean by “discussion. ”
Motivation Orientations, Academic Achievement, and Career Goals of Undergraduate Music Education Majors

This study is an examination of motivation orientations (mastery, intrinsic, cooperative, individual, competition, ego, approach success, avoid failure, hypercompetition, personal development competition) and musical self-concept in relation to measures of academic achievement and career goals of preservice music teachers. The research questions addressed (a) relations among motivation and self-concept variables and their underlying factors, and (b) relations between the motivation and self-concept variables and academic achievement, class level, sex, and immediate and long-term career goals. Participants were 148 undergraduate music education majors from three American universities. A survey was administered to measure the motivation constructs and to gather information concerning academic achievement, demographic variables, and career goals. Of the subjects surveyed, 69. 4 % reported public school teaching as an immediate career goal, and 49.3 % reported it as a long-term goal. Significantly greater numbers of women (62.7%) than men (3 7.3 %) indicated public school teaching as the long term goal. Means for self concept in music dif fered by university, while means for motivation and frequencies for career goals did not. Factor analysis revealed five factors: Competitive/Ego, Achieve Success/Avoid Failure, Cooperative vs. Individual, Intrinsic/Mastery, and Personal Development Competition. Significant but low correlations were found between Personal Development Competition and class level. Motivation and self-concept variables were not correlated with academic achievement variables and generally did not differ by sex or class level. Differences in motivation and musical self-concept by immediate and long-term career goal categories were nonsignificant.