Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Relationships among Bisexual and Unisexual Lineages of the Weevil Scepticus insularis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Hokkaido, Northern Japan

We examined the geographic distributions and phylogenetic relationships of bisexual and unisexual (parthenogenetic) forms of the weevil Scepticus insularis on Hokkaido Island, northern Japan. Unisexual beetles were widespread throughout Hokkaido, whereas bisexuals were found only in three remote areas. Bisexuals (females and males) and unisexual females occurred sympatrically in two areas. We determined nucleotide sequences for part of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2; 633 bp) gene for 104 individuals, and for part of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2; 360 bp) for 91 individuals. In an ND2 gene tree, haplotypes of S. insularis fell into two distinct clades (A and B), which were genetically differentiated from one another by 9.1% nucleotide sequence divergence. Haplotypes of females identified as unisexual were all in clade A, whereas those of females identified as bisexual belonged to clade B. Haplotypes of males were in clade B, except for two males having a clade-A haplotype. Circumstantial evidence suggests that these two males were produced by unisexual females. The ND2 tree suggests that the current unisexual form of S. insularis on Hokkaido was of a single origin. In contrast, a gene tree for ITS2 haplotypes show no clear divergence between the two modes of reproduction, with two major haplotypes shared by unisexual females, bisexual females, and males. This incongruence between the nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenies may be attributable to occasional gene flow between the unisexual and bisexual lineages through males occasionally produced by unisexual females, but our results do not exclude the possibility that the two lineages share polymorphic ancestral ITS2 haplotypes.
Adolescents' Need to Talk About Sex and Sexuality in an Urban Mental Health Setting

Summary For many adults, adolescent sexuality is problematic. For adolescents, it may be problematic, powerfully alluring, or simply a part of becoming an adult. Either way, and irrespective of whether they have ever had sex, young persons seeking mental health counseling in an urban mental health clinic express a strong desire to talk about sex and sexuality. Significant gender and age differences are noted in desire to talk about sexuality and mediated by involvement in sexual risk behaviors. Having experienced forced sex is directly related to desire for counseling about sex and sexuality. The findings presented in this article compel clinicians to engage all adolescents in meaningful dialogue about sex and sexuality.
Satellite DNA Sequences in Canidae and Their Chromosome Distribution in Dog and Red Fox

Satellite DNA is a characteristic component of mammalian centromeric heterochromatin, and a comparative analysis of its evolutionary dynamics can be used for phylogenetic studies. We analysed satellite and satellite-like DNA sequences available in NCBI for 4 species of the family Canidae (red fox, Vulpes vulpes, VVU; domestic dog, Canis familiaris, CFA; arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus, VLA; raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides, NPR) by comparative sequence analysis, which revealed 86-90% intraspecies and 76-79% interspecies similarity. Comparative fluorescence in situ hybridisation in the red fox and dog showed signals of the red fox satellite probe in canine and vulpine autosomal centromeres, on VVUY, B chromosomes, and in the distal parts of VVU9q and VVU10p which were shown to contain nucleolus organiser regions. The CFA satellite probe stained autosomal centromeres only in the dog. The CFA satellite-like DNA did not show any significant sequence similarity with the satellite DNA of any species analysed and was localised to the centromeres of 9 canine chromosome pairs. No significant heterochromatin block was detected on the B chromosomes of the red fox. Our results show extensive heterogeneity of satellite sequences among Canidae and prove close evolutionary relationships between the red and arctic fox.
An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent

Preface - Introduction - PART 1 PHENOMENOLOGICAL - The Soteriological Character of Post-Axial Religion - Salvation/Liberation as Human Transformation - The Cosmic Optimism of Post-Axial Religion - PART 2 THE RELIGIOUS AMBIGUITY OF THE UNIVERSE - Ontological, Cosmological and Design Arguments - Morality, Experience and Overall Probability - The Naturalistic Option - PART 3 EPISTEMOLOGICAL - Natural Meaning and Experience - Ethical and Aesthetic Meaning and Experience - Religious Meaning and Experience - Religion and Reality - Contemporary non-Realist Religion - The Rationality of Religious Belief - PART 4 THE PLURALISTIC HYPOTHESIS - The Pluralistic Hypothesis - The Personae of the Real - The Impersonae of the Real - PART 5 CRITERIOLOGICAL - Soteriology and Ethics - The Moral Criterion - Myths, Mysteries and the Unanswered Questions - The Problem of Conflicting Truth-Claims - Epilogue: the Future - Bibliography - Index
Systems Chronotherapeutics

Chronotherapeutics aim at treating illnesses according to the endogenous biologic rhythms, which moderate xenobiotic metabolism and cellular drug response. The molecular clocks present in individual cells involve approximately fifteen clock genes interconnected in regulatory feedback loops. They are coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei, a hypothalamic pacemaker, which also adjusts the circadian rhythms to environmental cycles. As a result, many mechanisms of diseases and drug effects are controlled by the circadian timing system. Thus, the tolerability of nearly 500 medications varies by up to fivefold according to circadian scheduling, both in experimental models and/or patients. Moreover, treatment itself disrupted, maintained, or improved the circadian timing system as a function of drug timing. Improved patient outcomes on circadian-based treatments (chronotherapy) have been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, especially for cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, recent technological advances have highlighted large interpatient differences in circadian functions resulting in significant variability in chronotherapy response. Such findings advocate for the advancement of personalized chronotherapeutics through interdisciplinary systems approaches. Thus, the combination of mathematical, statistical, technological, experimental, and clinical expertise is now shaping the development of dedicated devices and diagnostic and delivery algorithms enabling treatment individualization. In particular, multiscale systems chronopharmacology approaches currently combine mathematical modeling based on cellular and whole-body physiology to preclinical and clinical investigations toward the design of patient-tailored chronotherapies. We review recent systems research works aiming to the individualization of disease treatment, with emphasis on both cancer management and circadian timing system–resetting strategies for improving chronic disease control and patient outcomes.
A Decade Later: Black-White Attitudes Toward Women's Familial Role

A comparison of the perceptions of Black and White undergraduate students of the 1960's (n = 396) and 1970's (n = 587) of women's familial role using the Maferr Inventory of Feminine Values indicated an increasing liberalization of role concept across the decade. Most discrepancy occurred between white males' view of the Ideal woman and white females' view of man's Ideal Woman, with white women not believing the degree of liberalization of the white male's conception of Ideal Woman. Blacks in general have a more liberalized view of women's familial role, and there is less discrepancy between black males' and females' views of women's familial role than amongst whites. Women's Ideal Self is more traditional currently, than women's Actual Self.
Prompting and Rehearsal in Short-Term Memory.

HAGEN, JOHN W. ; HARGRAVE, SUSAN; and Ross, WILLIAM. Prompting and Rehearsal in ShortTerm Memory. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1973, 44, 201-204. The effects of induced verbal rehearsal and prompting were studied in a short-term recall test in 2 groups of children with mean ages of 5-9 and 7-4. The stimuli were cards depicting animals. 7 cards were presented sequentially per trial for 21 trials. Half the Ss were required to rehearse the names of the animals and were prompted when needed; the remaining Ss rehearsed but received no prompting. A recall test in which no rehearsal was required was administered one week later. Recall improved when rehearsal was employed, but only when prompting was provided. Recall was affected by rehearsal at the younger age level only. No change in recall was found 1 week after initial testing.
The role of sexual behavior in the identification process of gay and bisexual males

This study examined the role of same‐sex sexual behavior in the identification and coming‐out process among three cohorts of gay and bisexual males. The sequence through which the males identified their same‐sex attractions was coded as either sex‐centered (labeling of sexual identity after first same‐sex sexual encounter) or identity‐centered (labeling of sexual identity before engaging in sex with males). The project tested whether developmental sequence was a significant predictor of later adjustment to sexual identity and relationship involvement. Findings demonstrate that the proportion of sex‐centered males decreased as a function of age cohort. Moreover, sex‐centered males reported higher levels of homophobia toward other males, more lifetime sexual partners, and more heterosexual sexual and romantic relationships. Thus, the route males take to identify and label their sexual identity is a good predictor of future adjustment and relationship involvement.
Reminders in Web-Based Data Collection

Evidence-based insight on the effectiveness of reminders in web-based data collection in online panels is scarce. Thirty-eight studies were conducted in three different online panels to examine the effect of reminders on response rates, retention rates, and two facets of response quality (i.e., item omissions and response nondifferentiation). The studies were summarized using a meta-analytical approach including moderator tests (N = 246,040). Results indicated that reminders in web-based data collection increase response (i.e., from 49.5% to 65.6%, ES pd = .152). However, reminders somewhat reduce retention (i.e., from 98.0% among prereminder respondents to 97.2% among reminded respondents, ES pd = −.008), which might be explained by differences in motivation and computer literacy between unreminded and reminded respondents. No differences were found between prereminder respondents and reminded respondents in item omissions and response nondifferentiation.
Temporal Hypoperfusion Assessed by Cerebral Blood Flow SPECT and Long-Term Clinical Outcome in Patients With Eating Disorders

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between temporal hypoperfusion in the acute phase of patients with eating disorders and the long-term clinical outcome. Method: Brain perfusion was studied using Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT in 17 patients with eating disorders (ED) and compared with 12 controls (C). Semiquantitative analysis was carried out by left/right indexes. Clinical records were reviewed 15 years later and the patients were classified into 2 groups: bad outcome in 10 patients and good outcome in 4. The results of the basal SPECT were compared with the clinical outcome. Results: The mean of the differences of temporal perfusion in the lower slice was 0.1476 ± 0.1121 in ED and 0.03 ± 0.019 in C (P < 0.001). Comparisons between C and bad outcome showed a significant difference (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between good outcome and C. Conclusions: The temporal hypoperfusion in the acute phase of patients with ED showed a correlation with the long-term clinical outcome and suggested a prognostic value of temporal hypoperfusion.
Autoantibody to factor VIII that has less reactivity to factor Vlll/von Willebrand Factor Complex

To determine the difference in reactivity of factor Vlll (FVIII) inhibitor to FVlll/von Willebrand Factor (vWF) complex and FVlll free of vWF, an autoantibody to FVlll light chain was tested. A patient (1‐3) suffered from autoimmune hemolytic anemia with autoantibody to FVIII. Epitope specificity of the patient's IgG (1‐3 IgG) was shown to be the C2 domain of FVlll light chain (2170‐2332) by Western blotting using recombinant FVlll deletions expressed in Escherichia coli. The inhibitory effect on FVlll procoagulant activity (VIII :C) of 1‐3 lgG was tested against a conventional FVlll concentrate; Haemate P, a monoclonal antibody‐purified FVlll concentrate; Hemofil M, and a recombinant FVlll (rFVIII); Kogenate. 1‐3 lgG showed only 1.3 BU/mgIgG for Haemate P, in contrast to 20 BU/mglgG for both Hemofil M and Kogenate. The ratio of VIII:C/vWF:Ag in Haemate P and Hemofil M was 1/3.43 and 1/0.01, respectively, while Kogenate did not contain vWF. The inhibitory effect of the 1‐3 IgG was then compared with Kogenate and its complex with vWF. The inhibitory effect was decreased against the rFVlll by forming a complex with vWF. from 22 BU/mglgG to o.5 BU/mgIgG. Fab from the 1‐3 IgG had the same effect. In addition, vWF showed a protective effect on FVlll inactivation by the 1‐3 IgG in a dose dependent manner. Fifty‐nine percent of residual VIII:C was retained in the presence of 8 U/ml of vWF after 1 hr incubation with 1‐3 lgG. These results suggested that vWF could compete with the 1‐3 IgG for binding to FVIII. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Teacher as imperfect test: Reconceptualizing the referral process

A decade of public policy in special education has failed to yield suitable definitions, identification and assessment procedures, or reliable prevalence estimates of mild handicapping conditions, such as learning disabilities, mild mental retardation, and mild emotional disturbance. In the absence of professional agreement and compelling empirical evidence, federal and state policies represent a “consensual theory”; of special education for the mildly handicapped, based primarily on several psychometric‐oriented assumptions. Recent research has failed to support these assumptions and has provided evidence which is interpreted to show the overarching importance of teachers’ decision‐making — specifically decisions to refer a child for special education. This article argues the need for a rethinking of basic assumptions in special education for the mildly handicapped. Specifically, we recommend the design of: (a) new identification procedures at the school site level and (b) a program of research aimed at .
Authors' Responses to Commentaries

The editor of this journal, Mark Runco, has assembled a diverse and knowledgeable collection of scholars and researchers from the fields of psychology, philosophy, and neuroscience to comment on the working memory/cerebellar theory of creativity (Vandervert, 2003a, 2003b; Vandervert, Schimpf & Liu, this issue). We appreciate the opportunity the journal has provided in this special issue to address concerns and to further clarify and extend the tenets and implications of the theory. Because the working memory/cerebellar theory critically hinges on arguments and evidence concerning just exactly how the cerebellum plays its adaptive role for working memory in the production of creativity and innovation, we have begin our responses to the commentaries with a discussion of the developmental origins of mental models and cerebellar control models during early infancy. This approach has the dual benefit of elucidating further details of the theory while simultaneously addressing many of the commentators’ questions at the outset. The commentaries revealed four central areas for discussion of the working memory/cerebellar theory of creativity. These areas include the following:
On the automaticity of ipsilateral response activation in the Simon effect.

The effects on performance of unattended stimulus-response spatial relationships in choice reaction time tasks (i.e., the Simon effect) have been attributed to automatic activation of the response ipsilateral to stimulus location. We tested this assumption using the lateralized readiness potential (LRP). The response key labels changed randomly from trial to trial and were presented either 400 ms before (immediate-reaction trials) or 400 ms after (delayed-reaction trials) stimulus. The critical test for the automatic activation hypothesis was on delayed-reaction trials, in which LRP deflections were expected in the interval between stimulus and response-key labels. Contrary to this prediction, there were no LRP signs of response activation within that interval.
Theta‐burst stimulation over primary motor cortex degrades early motor learning

Theta‐burst stimulation (TBS) is currently used for inducing long‐lasting changes in primary motor cortex (M1) excitability. More information is needed on how M1 is involved in early motor learning (practice‐related improvement in motor performance, motor retention and motor consolidation). We investigated whether inhibitory continuous TBS (cTBS) is an effective experimental approach for modulating early motor learning of a simple finger movement in healthy humans. In a short task, 11 subjects practised 160 movements, and in a longer task also testing motor consolidation ten subjects practised 600 movements. During both experiments subjects randomly received real or sham cTBS over the left M1. Motor evoked potentials were tested at baseline and 7 min after cTBS. In the 160‐movement experiment to test motor retention, 20 movements were repeated 30 min after motor practice ended. In the 600‐movement experiment motor retention was assessed 15 and 30 min after motor practice ended, motor consolidation was tested by performing 20 movements 24 h after motor practice ended. Kinematic variables – movement amplitude, peak velocity and peak acceleration – were measured. cTBS significantly reduced the practice‐related improvement in motor performance of finger movements in the experiment involving 160 movements and in the first part of the experiment involving 600 movements. After cTBS, peak velocity and peak acceleration of the 20 movements testing motor retention decreased whereas those testing motor consolidation remained unchanged. cTBS over M1 degrades practice‐related improvement in motor performance and motor retention, but not motor consolidation of a voluntary finger movement.
Fenofibrate Effect on Triglyceride and Postprandial Response of Apolipoprotein A5 Variants: The GOLDN Study

Objective—Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) is a key determinant of plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Genetic variation at the APOA5 locus could be responsible for some of the observed differences in response to fenofibrate therapy. Methods and Results—We examined the association between tag SNPs (−1131T>C and 56C>G) at APOA5 and TG and HDL-C response to fenofibrate and a postprandial lipid challenge in 791 men and women participating in the GOLDN study. After 3-week drug treatment, APOA5 56G carriers displayed significant decrease in TG (P=0.006), and increase in HDL-C (P=0.002) levels relative to their basal values in the fasting state when compared with noncarriers (a TG reduction of −35.8±2.8% versus −27.9±0.9% and a HDL-C increase of 11.8±1.3% versus 6.9±0.5%, respectively). In the postprandial lipemia after a fat load, the 56G carriers showed a significant decrease in the area under curve for TG and increase for HDL-C than the noncarriers. These diverse beneficial responses of 56G carriers to fenofibrate were further characterized by a higher increase in large LDL-C concentrations and LDL size. On the other hand, subjects with different APOA5-1131T>C genotypes showed no significant response to fenofibrate intervention. Conclusion—This study suggests that the APOA5 56G carriers benefited more from the fenofibrate treatment than noncarriers in lowering plasma TG and increasing HDL-C levels.
Proportional Assist Ventilation Decreases Thoracoabdominal Asynchrony and Chest Wall Distortion in Preterm Infants

Thoracoabdominal asynchrony (TAA) and chest wall distortion (CWD) are commonly seen in preterm infants secondary to a highly compliant rib cage and poor compensation of distorting forces by inspiratory rib cage muscles. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) reduces TAA and CWD by stenting the chest wall. We hypothesized that application of positive airway pressure only during inspiration and in proportion to an infant's inspiratory effort should have a similar but more pronounced effect than CPAP alone. A ventilator providing airway pressure changes in proportion to flow and volume generated by an infant (proportional assist ventilation) was used to unload the respiratory pump during inspiration. Ten preterm infants were studied [birth weight, 745 (635–1175) g; gestational age, 26.5 (24–31) wk; postnatal age 3 (1–7) d; medium (range)]. TAA and CWD were determined by respiratory inductive plethysmography. TAA was expressed as the phase angle between the rib cage and abdominal motion and CWD as the total compartmental displacement ratio. In addition, we measured tidal volume with a pneumotachograph and esophageal and airway pressure deflections with pressure transducers. Measurements were obtained during alternating periods of CPAP and two different degrees of support (Gain 1 = 1.09 ± 0.68, Gain 2 = 1.84 ± 0.84 cm H2O/mL) that were provided by a proportional assist ventilator. Phase angle and the total compartmental displacement ratio decreased with increasing gain compared with CPAP alone. Peak airway pressure increased from 0.6 to 3.8 to 7.6 cm H2O above positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with CPAP, Gain 1, and Gain 2, respectively, as tidal volume increased from 2.8 to 4.1 to 4.7 mL/kg. Esophageal pressure changes decreased only little with increasing gain. Chest wall excursion increased and abdominal movement decreased, indicating a redistribution of tidal volume between chest and abdomen. We conclude that proportional assist ventilation reduces TAA and CWD by generating a small increase in airway pressure that occurs in synchrony and in proportion to each inspiratory effort.
Elderly people's experiences of housing renewal and forced relocation: Social theories and contextual analysis in explanations of emotional experiences

Abstract Transformation of the urban environment, forcing people to leave their homes either temporarily or permanently, is a widespread phenomenon in the Western world. To those whose homes are affected, the process often has a strong emotional meaning. This article shows how various contributions to a sociology of emotions together can deepen our knowledge of the socio‐psychological mechanisms that lie behind elderly people's greatly varying emotional experiences of housing renewal and forced relocation. Mechanisms regarding five groups of emotions are presented: (1) trust, mistrust, security and insecurity, (2) powerlessness, self‐estrangement and belonging, (3) guilt, shame, pride and dignity, (4) the feeling of having been violated, and (5) stress. An intensive interview study of elderly people in three neighbourhoods in a middle‐sized Swedish town is presented, showing how these mechanisms are expressed in the encounter between the housing renewal process and the everyday life of elderly people. The.
On the temperature and carrier density dependence of electron saturation velocity in an AlGaN/GaN HEMT

The temperature and carrier density dependence of electron intrinsic saturation velocity (v/sub si/) in a 0.3-/spl mu/m gate length AlGaN/GaN HEMT was extracted from multibias S-parameter measurements. It was found that v/sub si/ fell rapidly with increasing sheet carrier concentration (n/sub s/), but was only a very weak function of ambient temperature (T/sub amb/). This behavior is consistent with the hot-phonon model of carrier transport.