Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of heavy metal contents in some industrial effluents from Ondo State, Nigeria

Industrial effluents were collected from JOF Ideal Farm, Owo, an industry producing soya beans vegetable oil; Stanmark Cocoa Processing Company, Ondo; King’s Cool, Ondo Plastic Industry Limited (OPIL), Akure; Benkaof Bottling Company, Akure and TISCO Company, Akure, producing disinfectants, dettols and methylated spirit. The effluents collected were kept in polyethylene bottles and labelled as E1, E2, E3, E4 and E5 respectively. Wet digestion of the samples was carried out using concentrated nitric acid. The heavy metal contents of the digests were read using Alpha-4 Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results were analysed with correlation coefficient, ANOVA and compared with recommended standards of industrial effluents. The result of the analysis obtained showed that effluents from JOF Ideal Farm, Owo and Stanmark Cocoa Processing Company, Ondo had high concentration of nickel than the threshold (recommended) effluents value. Also, the concentration of mercury obtained for JOF Ideal Farm, Owo, Benkaof Bottling Company, Akure and TISCO Company, Akure are higher than the threshold values for mercury in waste water (effluents). Likewise, the concentrations for Arsenic in E1, E3 and E5 were higher than the threshold value for industrial effluents. The concentration of selenium obtained in E1, E2 and E3 were also above the threshold value. Therefore, the effluents generated from these industries are hazardous. Consequently, they could constitute to the level of pollution of both surface and ground water and pose a greater risk to both living and aquatic organisms in the study areas. Key words: Industrial effluents, disinfectants, heavy metals, pollution, wet digestion.
Insight into the Mechanism of Intramolecular Inhibition of the Catalytic Activity of Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2)

Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase that has been associated with neurodegeneration and cancer. SIRT2 is composed of a central catalytic domain, the structure of which has been solved, and N- and C-terminal extensions that are thought to control SIRT2 function. However structural information of these N- and C-terminal regions is missing. Here, we provide the first full-length molecular models of SIRT2 in the absence and presence of NAD+. We also predict the structural alterations associated with phosphorylation of SIRT2 at S331, a modification that inhibits catalytic activity. Bioinformatics tools and molecular dynamics simulations, complemented by in vitro deacetylation assays, provide a consistent picture based on which the C-terminal region of SIRT2 is suggested to function as an autoinhibitory region. This has the capacity to partially occlude the NAD+ binding pocket or stabilize the NAD+ in a non-productive state. Furthermore, our simulations suggest that the phosphorylation at S331 causes large conformational changes in the C-terminal region that enhance the autoinhibitory activity, consistent with our previous findings that phosphorylation of S331 by cyclin-dependent kinases inhibits SIRT2 catalytic activity. The molecular insight into the role of the C-terminal region in controlling SIRT2 function described in this study may be useful for future design of selective inhibitors targeting SIRT2 for therapeutic applications.
Roc Analyses of Eyewitness Identification Decisions: an Analysis of the Recent Debate

How should the accuracy of eyewitness identification decisions be measured, so that best practices for identification can be determined? This fundamental question is under intense debate. One side advocates for continued use of a traditional measure of identification accuracy, known as the diagnosticity ratio, whereas the other side argues that receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) should be used instead because diagnosticity is confounded with response bias. Diagnosticity proponents have offered several criticisms of ROCs, which we show are either false or irrelevant to the assessment of eyewitness accuracy. We also show that, like diagnosticity, Bayesian measures of identification accuracy confound response bias with witnesses’ ability to discriminate guilty from innocent suspects. ROCs are an essential tool for distinguishing memorybased processes from decisional aspects of a response; simulations of different possible identification tasks and response strategies show that they offer important constraints on theory development.
A model for interference and forgetting

A new model for interference and forgetting is presented. The model is based on the Raaijmakers and Shiffrin search of associative memory (SAM) theory for retrieval from long-term memory. It includes a contextual fluctuation process that enables it to handle time-dependent changes in retrieval strengths. That is, the contextual retrieval strength is assumed to be proportional to the overlap between the contextual elements encoded in the memory trace and the elements active at the time of testing. It is shown that the model predicts a large number of phenomena from the classical interference literature. These include the basic results concerning retroactive inhibition, proactive inhibition, spontaneous recovery, independence of List 1 and List 2 recall, Osgood's transfer and retroaction surface, simple forgetting functions, the use of recognition measures, and the relation between response accuracy and response latency. It is shown that these results can be explained by a model that does not incorporate an "unlearning" assumption, thus avoiding many of the difficulties that have plagued the traditional interference theories. In recent years, a number of memory models have been presented that successfully predict the major results concerning recall and recognition. Unfortunately, however, many of those models have not been applied in a systematic manner to the phenomena of interference and forgetting. This is especially regrettable since there exists a wealth of data, accumulated in the years when these topics were the main focus of memory research, that should not be disregarded by contemporary memory theories. In this article, we present a model intended to explain the basic findings concerning interference and forgetting, findings that have been shown in many experiments to be relatively robust and reliable. The model is based on the general search of associative memory (SAM) theory (Raaijmakers & Shiffrin, 1981a) but incorporates a new model describing contextual fluctuation processes (Mensink & Raaijmakers, 1988). The SAM theory is a probabilistic cue-dependent search theory that describes retrieval processes in long-term memory. Retrieval is assumed to be mediated by retrieval cues, such as category names, words from a to-be-remembered list, contextual cues, etc. Sampling and recovery of sampled images (or memory traces) are the mechanisms that constitute the central features of the theory. As has been documented in previous papers
2 AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY AND AGGREGATE TECHNOLOGY

Aggregate productivity and aggregate technology are meaningful but distinct concepts. We show that a slightly-modified Solow productivity residual measures changes in economic welfare, even when productivity and technology differ because of distortions such as imperfect competition. We then present a general accounting framework that identifies several new non-technological gaps between productivity and technology, gaps reflecting imperfections and frictions in output and factor markets. Empirically, we find that these gaps are important, even though we abstract from variations in factor utilization and estimate only small average sectoral markups. Compared with productivity growth, our measured technology shocks are significantly less correlated with output, and are essentially uncorrelated with inputs. Our results imply that calibrating dynamic general equilibrium models as if Solow residuals were technology shocks confuses impulses and propagation mechanisms.
Globalization in an Age of Crisis: Multilateral Economic Cooperation in the Twenty-First Century

Along with its painful economic costs, the financial crisis of 2008 raised concerns over the future of international policy making. As in recessions past, new policy initiatives emerged that placed greater importance on protecting national interests than promoting international economic cooperation. Whether in fiscal or monetary policies, the control of currencies and capital flows, the regulation of finance, or the implementation of protectionist policies and barriers to trade, there has been an almost worldwide trend toward the prioritizing of national economic security. But what are the underlying economic causes of this trend, and what can economic research reveal about the possible consequences? Prompted by these questions, Robert C. Feenstra and Alan M. Taylor have brought together top researchers with policy makers and practitioners whose contributions consider the ways in which the global economic order might address the challenges of globalization that have arisen over the last two decades and that have been intensified by the recent crisis. Chapters in this volume consider the critical linkages between issues, including exchange rates, global imbalances, and financial regulation, and plumb the political and economic outcomes of past policies for what they might tell us about the future of global economic cooperation.
Washing Away Postdecisional Dissonance

The act of scrubbing clean one’s hands also removes the tendency to justify prior decisions. After choosing between two alternatives, people perceive the chosen alternative as more attractive and the rejected alternative as less attractive. This postdecisional dissonance effect was eliminated by cleaning one’s hands. Going beyond prior purification effects in the moral domain, physical cleansing seems to more generally remove past concerns, resulting in a metaphorical “clean slate” effect.
The Presidency in the Era of 24-Hour News

List of Illustrations vii List of Tables ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii CHAPTER 1: The Growing Disconnect between Presidential News Coverage and Public Opinion 1 CHAPTER 2: The Presidential News System during the Golden Age of Presidential Television 18 CHAPTER 3: The New Media Age and the Decline in Presidential News 49 CHAPTER 4: Change in Presidential News over the Long Haul: The New York Times Historical Series, 1857-1998 71 CHAPTER 5: The Increasing Negativity in Presidential News in the Age of New Media 89 CHAPTER 6: Sources of Negativity in Presidential News during the Age of New Media 107 CHAPTER 7: The Declining Audience for News and the New Media Age 135 CHAPTER 8: Declining Trust in the News Media and the New Media Age 160 CHAPTER 9: The Implications of the New Media on the Presidential News System and Presidential Leadership 175 CHAPTER 10: Conclusions: The New Media, the Presidency, and American Politics 201 Notes 209 Bibliography 233 Index 251
T Regulatory and T Helper 17 Cells in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Facts and Perspectives

Historically, primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) was thought to be a T helper (h) 1 driven disease due to the predominance of CD4+T lymphocytes and their products in target organs and peripheral blood of patients. In the last decades, the identification of a number of T cell subsets, including Th17, T regulatory (Treg), and follicular helper T cells, challenged this long-standing paradigm and prompted to identify their role in pSS pathogenesis. In addition the impact of abnormal proinflammatory cytokine production, such as IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23, has also attracted considerable attention. However, although several studies have been carried out in experimental models and patients with pSS, many aspects concerning the role of Treg cells and IL-17/Th17 cell system in pSS pathogenesis are not fully elucidated. In particular, the role played by different IL-17-producing T cell subsets as well as the effects of pharmacological therapies on Treg/Th17 cell balance represents an intriguing issue. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of current knowledge on Treg cells and IL-17-producing T cells in pSS pathogenesis. We believe that these insights into pSS pathogenesis may provide the basis for successful therapeutic intervention in this disease.
Fibroblast Growth Factor-23: A Possible Cause of Pulmonary Hypertension andLeft Ventricle Hypertrophy in Hemodialysis Patients

Assessment of blood level of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) levels was done in forty patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESRD). We found that there were statistically significant positive correlations between FGF-23 and LVH, Phosphorus and Parathormone hormone. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between FGF-23 and corrected Calcium) and 25 (OH) vitamin D, but there was no significant correlation between FGF-23 and pulmonary artery systolic pressure. For prediction of FGF-23 Levels stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was done and revealed that the most 4 predictable values of FGF-23 are intact Parathormone hormone, corrected calcium, 25 (OH) vitamin D and SBP respectively. There were positive correlations between FGF-23 with LV mass and LV mass index. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between FGF-23 and LVIDs. A multiple discriminant functional analysis for prediction of LVH revealed that age, FGF-23, and Vitamin D are the most predictable variables. Hemodialysis patients with LVH had higher FGF-23 levels raising the possibility that FGF-23 may predict LVH.
Resolved virtual photons in the small $x$ domain

It has been found that recent results on forward jet production from deep inelastic scattering can neither be reproduced by models which are based on leading order $\alpha_s$ QCD matrix elements and parton showers nor by next-to-leading order calculations. The measurement of forward jet cross sections has been suggested as a promising probe of new small $\xbj$ parton dynamics and the question is whether these data provide an indication of this. The same question arises for other experimental data in deep inelastic scattering at small $\xbj$ which can not be described by conventional models for deep inelastic scattering. In this paper the influence of resolved photon processes has been investigated and it has been studied to what extent the inclusion of such processes in addition to normal deep inelastic scattering leads to agreement with data. It is shown that two DGLAP evolution chains from the hard scattering process towards the proton and the photon, respectively, are sufficient to describe effects, observed in the HERA data, which have been attributed to BFKL dynamics.
Measuring Inequality in CIS Countries: Theory and Empirics

Distributions of many variables of interest in developed economic and financial markets, including income and wealth, exhibit heavy tails as in the case of Pareto or power laws. Many commonly used income and wealth inequality measures are very sensitive to extremes and outliers generated by these distributions due to their heavy-tailedness properties. This paper focuses on robust analysis of distributions and heavy-tailedness characteristics for data on income and wealth for the World, Russia and post-Soviet Central Asian economies. Among other results, it provides robust estimates of heavy-tailedness parameters for income and wealth in the markets considered and their comparisons with the benchmark values that are well-established for distributions of these variables in developed economies. The paper further provides applications of the obtained empirical results to inference on inequality measures and discusses their implications for market demand and economic equilibrium.
Public culture as professional science: final report of the ScoPE project (Scientists on public engagement: from communication to deliberation?)

This report is the outcome of a three-year research project conducted from September 2006 to August 2009 in the BIOS Centre for the Study of Bioscience, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Society at the London School of Economics and Political Science. The project was funded by the Wellcome Trust (Society Awards: Research stream, Engaging Science public engagement grants programme: award number 080201). The research objective was to provide a data-led, sociological analysis of the understandings, views, perspectives, judgements and experiences of scientists working in the life sciences with respect to public engagement and public dialogue.
Does child spacing affect children’s outcomes? Evidence from a Swedish reform

In this paper, we provide evidence of whether child spacing affects the future success of children. As an exogenous source of variation in child spacing, we make use of the introduction of an administrative rule in the parental leave benefit system in Sweden. This rule made it possible for a woman to retain her previous high level of parental leave benefits, i.e., 90 percent wage replacement, without entering the labor market between births provided that the interval between the births did not exceed 24 months. The rule had a much larger effect on the birth spacing behavior for native-born mothers compared to foreign-born mothers due to their differential attachment to the labor market. We find that the rule caused a reduction in spacing among native-born mothers as compared to the foreign-born mothers. For individuals born by native-born mothers, the reform also caused a decrease in educational attainment. Thus, this suggests that the effect of spacing children closer has a negative impact on children’s future outcomes. We provide additional evidence that this is likely due to the strong effects of early environment on the capacity for human skill development as discussed by Knutsen et al. (2006).
Monetary Policy in Transition: Structural Econometric Modelling and Policy Simulations

In this paper I estimate a Bayesian structural VAR models for the Czech Republic and Poland, allowing for changes in parameters between the two monetary policy arrangements. The four-variables structural VAR methodology adopted in the study is successful in identifying monetary policy shocks and their effects for the Czech and Polish economies. The time-varying model is capable of detecting a change in the policy reaction function consistent with introduction of the floating exchange rate system and switching to short-term interest rate as the main policy instrument. The results indicate the dominant role of exchange rate in the monetary transmission mechanism.
Automated Screening of Hospitalized Children for Influenza Vaccination.

BACKGROUND This study was designed to determine whether an automated hospital-based influenza vaccination screening program leveraging the electronic medical record (EMR) increases vaccination rates. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of all children ≥6 months old admitted to medical, surgical, rehabilitation, or psychiatry services during influenza seasons between 2003 and 2012 at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. We compared influenza vaccination rates before (preintervention phase) and after (intervention phase) the introduction of an automated EMR intervention that utilized a nursing-based electronic screening tool to determine eligibility for influenza vaccine and facilitated vaccine ordering without requiring involvement of a physician or other provider. RESULTS Overall, 42 716 (72.8%) of the 58,648 subjects admitted during the study period met inclusion criteria. The intervention phase included 20,651 admissions, of which 11 194 (54.2%) were screened. Screening increased significantly over time in the intervention phase (19.8%-77.1%; P < .001). In-hospital influenza vaccination rates increased from a mean of 2.1% (n = 472) of all subjects preintervention phase to 8.0% (n = 1645) in the intervention phase (odds ratio = 6.8; 95% confidence interval, 6.14-7.47). Of the 11 194 screened subjects, 5505 (49.2%) were found to have already been vaccinated at the time of screening. The screening process identified 478 (4.3%) subjects who were unable to receive vaccine for medical reasons, and an additional 2865 (25.6%) whose caregiver refused the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS An automated, hospital-based influenza vaccination program integrated into the EMR can increase vaccinations of hospitalized patients and provide insight into the vaccination history and declination reasons for children not receiving the vaccine.
Firm R&D, Absorptive Capacity and Learning by Exporting: Firm‐Level Evidence from China

The absorptive capacity of firms developed through R&D promotes learning by exporting. In this paper, we estimate the instantaneous and long‐run productivity effects of exporting on the universe of Chinese manufacturing firms. We find that exporting has very different productivity effects for firms with different pre‐export R&D status. It has large and lasting productivity effects for firms with pre‐export R&D, while it has little effects for firms without pre‐export R&D. Furthermore, the effect of exporting increases with the number of years of pre‐export R&D investment.
The Establishment and Application of Environment Sustainability Evaluation Indicators for Ecotourism Environments

Kinmen National Park is the only battle memorial-themed natural resource conservation park in Taiwan. With the rapid growth in tourism, Kinmen National Park faces the challenge of managing with the resulting environmental impact. For this study, we adopted the tourism ecological footprint (TEF) and tourism ecological capacity (TEC) to evaluate the ecological conditions of Kinmen National Park from 2002 to 2011. The empirical results indicated the following findings: (a) TEF increased by 8.03% over 10 years; (b) Regarding the environmental sustainability index (ESI), per capita tourism ecological deficit (PTED) yielded a deficit growth rate of 45.37%. In 2011, the ecological footprint index (EFI) was at Level 4 with 1.16, and the ESI was at Level 3 with 0.495. According to the aforementioned results, with the increased scale of tourism to Kinmen National Park, the pressure that ecological occupancy exerted on the national ecosystem exceeded its ecological capacity.
Education and social justice : the changing composition of schools and its implications

Based around original proportionate analyses of national datasets of all students in all schools in England and Wales, this work challenges the common picture of British education in "crisis", and suggests that there is no substantial evidence of regional underperformance or injustice. The author provides a reappraisal of the issues of quality and justice in British education and comes to the conclusion that there is much to be lauded about the standard of education in Britain, which is, in turn, leading to greater social justice.
Imaging and Parameter Estimating for Fast Moving Targets in Airborne SAR

A novel algorithm is presented to image fast moving targets and estimate moving parameters in single-antenna synthetic aperture radar, in which phase information is extracted by a proposed maximum amplitude extraction algorithm, and the Doppler parameters of moving targets are estimated by combining the fractional Fourier transform and an adaptive and iterative ambiguous number estimation algorithm. The range curve and walk can be corrected simultaneously with the estimated Doppler parameters. After azimuth compression, the shortest distance is estimated in a focused image to obtain the accurate moving parameters. Our simulations demonstrate that high-precision estimation and robust performance can be achieved when a large range curve and walk caused by fast moving targets exist, even in low-signal-to-noise-ratio cases. Comparisons with state-of-the-art algorithms also illustrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm.