Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential private noise adding mechanism: Basic conditions and its application

Differential privacy is a formal mathematical standard for quantifying the degree of that individual privacy in a statistical database is preserved. To guarantee differential privacy, a typical method is adding random noise to the original data for data release. In this paper, we investigate the basic conditions of differential privacy considering the general random noise adding mechanism, and then apply this result for privacy analysis of the privacy-preserving consensus algorithm. Specifically, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition of differential privacy, which provides a useful and efficient criterion of achieving differential privacy. We utilize the result to analyze the privacy of some common random noises and the theory matches with the existing literature for special cases. Applying the theory, differential privacy property of a privacy-preserving consensus algorithm is investigated based on the proposed theory. We obtain the necessary condition of differential privacy for the privacy-preserving consensus algorithm. In addition, it is proved that the average consensus and differential privacy cannot be guaranteed simultaneously by any privacy-preserving consensus algorithm.
Introduction to American Deaf Culture

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Culture Defined Chapter 3 Who are the Deaf People? Chapter 4 Deafhood: A Personal Journey Toward Self-Actualization Chapter 5 Early Definitions of Deaf Culture Chapter 6 Deaf Culture Redefined Chapter 7 ASL - Language of the American Deaf Community Chapter 8 Deaf Lit Chapter 9 Deaf Art Chapter 10 Rules of Social Interaction Chapter 11 The Vibrant Deaf Community Chapter 12 The Collision Between Culture and Disability Chapter 13 Diversity within the Deaf Community Chapter 14 The Universality of the Deaf Experience Chapter 15 The Future of the Deaf Community
Nonradial and nonpolytropic astrophysical outflows - VIII. A GRMHD generalization for relativistic jets

Steady axisymmetric outflows originating at the hot coronal magnetosphere of a Schwarzschild black hole and surrounding accretion disk are studied in the framework of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD). The assumption of meridional self-similarity is adopted for the construction of semi-analytical solutions of the GRMHD equations describing outflows close to the polar axis. In addition, it is assumed that relativistic effects related to the rotation of the black hole and the plasma are negligible compared to the gravitational and other energetic terms. The constructed model allows us to extend previous MHD studies for coronal winds from young stars to spine jets from Active Galactic Nuclei surrounded by disk-driven outflows. The outflows are thermally driven and magnetically or thermally collimated. The collimation depends critically on an energetic integral measuring the efficiency of the magnetic rotator, similarly to the non relativistic case. It is also shown that relativistic effects quantitatively affect the depth of the gravitational well and the coronal temperature distribution in the launching region of the outflow. Similarly to previous analytical and numerical studies, relativistic effects tend to increase the efficiency of the thermal driving but reduce the effect of magnetic self-collimation.
Managerial Decisions and Long-Term Stock Price Performance

A rapidly growing literature claims to reject the efficient market hypothesis by producing large estimates of long-term abnormal returns following major corporate events. The preferred methodology in this literature is to calculate average multiyear buy-and-hold abnormal returns and conduct inferences via a bootstrapping procedure. We show that this methodology is severely flawed because it assumes independence of multiyear abnormal returns for event firms, producing test statistics that are up to four times too large. After accounting for the positive cross-correlations of event-firm abnormal returns, we find virtually no evidence of reliable abnormal performance for our samples. Copyright 2000 by University of Chicago Press.
Impersonal Passion: Language as Affect

Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 1. Malediction 9 2. "What I Want Back Is What I Was": Consolation's Retrospect 29 3. The Right to be Lonely 49 4. Why WHYs and why mes 59 5. Linguistic Inhibition as a Cause of Pregnancy 71 6. "Lying" When You Aren't 85 7. All Mouth and No Trousers: Linguistic Embarrassments 97 8. "But Then I Wouldn't Be Here" 105 9. Your Name Which Isn't Yours 115 Notes 129
Shape From Lambertian Photometric Flow Fields

A new idea for the analysis of shape from reflectance maps is introduced in this paper. It is shown that local surface orientation and curvature constraints can be obtained at points on a smooth surface by computing the instantaneous rate of change of reflected scene radiance caused by angular variations in illumination geometry. The resulting instantaneous changes in image irradiance values across an optic sensing array of pixels constitute what is termed a photometric flow field. Unlike optic flow fields which are instantaneous changes in position across an optic array of pixels caused by relative motion, there is no correspondence problem with respect to obtaining the instantaneous change in image irradiance values between successive image frames. This is because the object and camera remain static relative to one another as the illumination geometry changes. There are a number of advantages to using photometric flow fields. One advantage is that local surface orientation and curvature at a point on a smooth surface can be uniquely determined by only slightly varying the incident orientation of an illuminator within a small local neighborhood about a specific incident orientation. Robot manipulators and rotation/positioning jigs can be accurately varied within small ranges of motion. Conventional implementation of photometric stereo requires the use of three vastly different incident orientations of an illuminator requiring either much calibration and/or gross and inaccurate robot arm motions. Another advantage of using photometric flow fields is the duality that exists between determining unknown local surface orientation from a known incident illuminator orientation and determining an unknown incident illuminator orientation from a known local surface orientation. The equations for photometric flow fields allow the quantitative determination of the incident orientation of an illuminator from an object having a known calibrated surface orientation. Computer simulations will be shown depicting photometric flow fields on a Lambertian sphere. Simulations will be shown depicting how photometric flow fields quantitatively determine local surface orientation from a known incident orientation of an illuminator as well as determining incident illuminator orientation from a known local surface orientation.
The Denigration of Heroes? How the Status Attainment Process Shapes Attributions of Considerateness and Authenticity1

This article develops and tests a theory to explain the common tendency to “denigrate heroes,” whereby high-status actors are suspected of being inconsiderate and inauthentic relative to low-status counterparts. This tendency is argued to reflect two conditions typical of status attainment processes: (a) assertions of superiority over others and (b) the presence of incentives to pursue status. The latter is key since awareness of such incentives breeds suspicions of inauthenticity, which in turn undermine perceptions of prosocial intentions. This theory is validated in a series of online experiments, in which categorical status hierarchies emerge either via deference on a coordinated task or via competitive interactions. Results show that high-status actors may also be “celebrated” as authentic and considerate when the observable incentive structure is such that assertions of superiority appear as unintended by-products of prosocial action. Implications are drawn regarding the sources of instability and insecurity in status hierarchies.
The reminder bracelet: subtle notification cues for mobile devices

We are investigating new ways of conveying event notifications from mobile devices to their users. Our ambition has been to explore non-intrusive, or subtle ways of notifying users, to hide the technology and make room for aesthetic considerations. We argue that there is need for new ways of attracting a user's attention, while at the same time not disturbing other people. We have built a notification tool, the Reminder Bracelet, that is worn on the wrist and connected to a PDA. It notifies its user of scheduled events in a subtle and silent manner using light, color and patterns. Initial evalutations have shown that in a number of situations, the bracelet was preferred to the alert sound of a PDA or a mobile phone.
Maternally inherited duplication of the possible imprinted 14q31 region

The existence of parent of origin differences in the expression of some genes, a process known as genomic imprinting, has been recognised and documented over the past several years. This epigenetic marking process results in the differential expression of normal genes, depending on whether they are of maternal or paternal origin. A number of human disorders have been identified as resulting from alterations in genomic imprinting.1 One type of genetic abnormality which can unmask genomic imprinting is uniparental disomy (UPD), in which both chromosomes of one pair are inherited from one parent, with no contribution from the other.2 Distinct phenotypes exhibited by patients with maternal and paternal UPD(14) strongly suggest that at least some genes on human chromosome 14 are subject to imprinting effects.3-6 This finding is supported by studies in the mouse indicating that the distal portion of chromosome 12, recognised as a candidate imprinted region, is syntenic with human chromosome 14q.7 Nevertheless, no imprinted genes have yet been identified on chromosome 14, and the location of the imprinted region on human chromosome 14 remains unclear. Analysis of parental origin effects in human trisomy for chromosome 14q8 or monosomy for the same chromosome9makes the region 14q23-q32 a candidate region for containing imprinted genes.10 Moreover, the observation of a partial duplication of 14q in a developmentally delayed girl with minor abnormalities and her phenotypically normal father led Robin et al 11 to propose that the 14q24.3-q31 region may be imprinted. As genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with aneusomy for this region may help the identification of imprinted genes on human chromosome 14, we report here a direct 14q31 duplication observed in a child with mild developmental delay and his phenotypically normal mother. This duplication was also detected in five relatives with a normal …
Characterization of recombinant glutamine synthetase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus sp. strain KOD1

The glnA gene encoding glutamine synthetase was cloned from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus sp. strain KOD1, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The glnA gene was expressed in Escherichia coli ME8459 (glnA mutant strain), and the protein was purified to homogeneity and shown to be functional in a dodecameric from (637,000 Da), exhibiting both transferase and synthetase activities. However, kinetic studies indicated that the enzyme possessed low biosynthetic activity, suggesting that the reaction was biased towards glutamate production. The optimum temperature for both activities was 60 degrees C, which was lower than the optimal growth temperature of KOD1. Recombinant KOD1 GlnA exhibited different optimum pHs depending on the reaction employed (pH 7.8 for the synthetase reaction and pH 7.2 for the transferase reaction). Of the various nucleoside triphosphates tested, GTP as well as ATP was involved in the synthetase reaction.
ROLE STRAIN AMONG DUAL POSITION PHYSICAL EDUCATORS AND ATHLETIC TRAINERS WORKING IN THE HIGH SCHOOL SETTING

Many physical education teachers are hired with the expectation that they fulfill an extracurricular role. Those who are dual position physical educators and athletic trainers may be exposed to many accumulating occupational pressures. The purpose of this mixed methods study, therefore, was to identify the extent to which role strain permeates the professional lives of dual position physical educators and athletic trainers working in the high school setting and to identify which components of role strain (i.e. role ambiguity, role conflict, role incompetence, etc.) are most prevalent and which variables predict role strain. We also sought to gain insight into the processes involved with the development and prevention of role strain. A survey was sent to 1,863 individuals who were certified teachers and athletic trainers working in the high school setting regarding the extent to which participants experienced role strain (1=never to 5=nearly all the time). The survey had a 31% response rate and 257 matched the criterion of being full time physical educator and athletic trainer working in the high school setting. Results revealed that 35 (13.6%) had high role strain, 72 (28.5%) had moderate role strain, 85 (33%) had low role strain, and 64 (24.9%) had minimal role strain. The regression analysis revealed only hours worked per week as an athletic trainer predicted total role strain. Twenty four volunteers participated in interviews. The qualitative data revealed that the time consuming nature of the dual role was a critical concern amongst the participants. Having a level of support and appreciation was found among individuals with lower levels of role strain. Individuals with lower levels of role strain tended to negotiate their role responsibilities with coaches and supervisors, whereas those with higher levels of role strain tended to accommodate all work-related constituents as much as possible. Low levels of role strain were most common amongst dual position physical educators and athletic trainers working in the high school setting. Hours worked per week as an athletic trainer was a predictor of one’s total role strain and role overload was a substantial concern amongst the participants. The research findings provide an awareness of role strain and the factors that influence it within the teaching and athletic training context.
Living kidney donors' experiences while undergoing evaluation for donation: a qualitative study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE To explore living kidney donors' experiences during the donor evaluation process. BACKGROUND Due to a shortage of organs for kidney transplantation from deceased donors, the living kidney donation rate has increased. The time period until transplantation is often shorter when using living donors compared to deceased donors. Although technological developments in immunology have made it possible to perform successful kidney transplants between donors and recipients, a large disparity still exists between the number of patients needing a kidney transplant and the supply of kidneys from living donors. This need has promoted donation from living kidney donors. The evaluation phase prior to donation is a crucial period in the recruitment of living kidney donors, as it ensures that donors are physically and mentally suitable for donation. DESIGN A qualitative study taking a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. METHODS Data were generated using participant observation during the evaluation period and semi-structured interviews after conclusion of the evaluation. In total, 18 potential donors were included. Data were interpreted and discussed in accordance with Ricoeur's theory of interpretation: naïve reading, structural analysis, critical interpretation and discussion. RESULTS Feelings of hope concerning acceptance as a donor and concerns for the recipient's illness and everyday life were evident during evaluation. Donors' experiences largely depended on the quality of their communication and interaction with the healthcare professionals. In some cases, donors were supported and cared for, while in other cases, frustrations and vulnerability were evident and emotional support and attention to donors' needs were not present. CONCLUSION The evaluation period for living kidney donation involves hope, vulnerability and concern. Interaction, communication and support from healthcare professionals to help donors manage this crucial phase are essential. Accordingly, the identification of donors' specific care and support needs, including physical, mental and ethical factors, is key to a positive experience. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The attention, commitment and engagement of healthcare professionals are essential elements in the identification of donors' individual needs.
Deflection of a Flexible Needle during Insertion into Soft Tissue

Accurate needle insertion into soft, inhomogeneous tissue is of practical interest because of its importance in percutaneous diagnosis and therapies. The needles used in such procedures are usually long flexible needles with bevel tips that can deflect during insertion. Deflection of the needle can not only cause misplacement of the needle tip at the target but can also cause the needle to deviate from the planned path due to the curvature created along the needle shaft. In order to reduce deflection of the needle from its path and to increase the accuracy of the needle tip placement, we have studied the relationship between the needle base forces/torques and the amount of needle deflection during needle insertion. The model proposed in this paper can be used to estimate the amount of needle deflection during insertion into relatively soft tissues. Such model may be integrated into a trajectory generation algorithm in order to increase needle tip placement accuracy
Phosphatidylserine expression and phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes during differentiation of monocytic cells

Expression of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface of both macrophages and their apoptotic targets is required for efficient phagocytosis. Monocytes, the precursors of macrophages, do not express PS on their surface and do not efficiently phagocytose apoptotic cells. We report here that PS appears on the surface of both human monocytic U937 cells and primary human monocytes as they differentiate in culture and acquire the ability to phagocytose apoptotic thymocytes. Phagocytosis was blocked by pretreating either the apoptotic target or the phagocyte with annexin V to mask PS and was CD14‐dependent. Expression of PS, like other events characteristic of differentiating monocytes such as Mac‐1 expression, was independent of the agent used to induce differentiation and was insensitive to the addition of caspase inhibitors. These results demonstrate that PS is expressed on monocytes as part of their differentiation program and is independent of apoptosis.
Estructura factorial de la versión española del Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire en una muestra de hipertensos

Factor structure of the Spanish version of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire in a sample of subjects with hypertension. The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire -IPQ-R- was designed to assess the cognitive and emotional domains of illness representations in the common-sense model of self-regulation. The IPQ-R contains three sections. Two scales measuring identity and causal dimensions and a remaining section assessing timeline acute/chronic, timeline cyclical, consequences, personal control, treatment control, illness coherence and emotional representations dimensions. The main purpose of the present study was the analysis about the factor structure and reliability of the the Spanish version of the IPQ-R in a sample of 170 patients with hypertension (27-75 yrs old). The analysis revealed five factors which accounted for 67,33% of the variance of the causal items and a five-factor solution including control, coherence, timeline cyclical, timeline acute/chronic and emotion dimensions (76,89% of the variance). Internal consistency for the IPQ-R subscales were adequate.
Population Dynamics on Corn and Sorghum : McSorley , Gallaher 447 chua County , on an

Buildup of plant-parasitic nematode populations on corn (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) were compared in 1991 and 1992. Final population densities (Pf) of Meloidogyne incognita were lower following sorghum than after soybean in both seasons, and Pf after sorghum was lower than Pf after corn in 1992. In both seasons, Pf differed among the sorghum cultivars used. No differences in Pf on corn, sorghum, and soybean were observed for Criconemella spp. (a mixture of C. sphaerocephala and C. ornata) or Paratrichodorus minor in either season. Pf levels of Pratylenchus spp. (a mixture of P. brachyurus and P. scribneri) were greatest after corn in 1992, but no differences with crop treatments were observed in 1991. When data from field tests conducted with corn and sorghum dur ing the past four seasons were pooled, negative linear relationships between ln(Pf/Pi) and ln(Pi) were observed for Criconemella spp. and P. minor on each crop, and for M. incognita on corn (Pi = initial population density). Although ln(Pf/Pi) and ln(Pi) were not related for M. incognita with pooled sorghum data, separate relationships were derived for various sorghum cuhivars. Regression equations from pooled data were used to obtain estimates of equilibrium density and maximum reproductive rate, and these estimates were used to construct models expressing nematode Pf across a range of initial densities. Many of these models were robust, encompassing a range of sites, season, crop cultivars, and planting dates. Quadratic models derived from pooled field data provided an alternative method for expressing Pf as a function of Pi.
Functional aspects of blur adaptation in human vision : a study of the mechanism of blur adaptation in human vision : its origin and scope evidenced using subjective and objective procedures

Sensory adaptation to blur improves visual acuity under defocused conditions. This phenomenon has been successfully demonstrated using subjective measures of acuity and is known as blur adaptation. This study investigates aspects of the mechanism of blur adaptation in human vision using subjective and objective methods. Parafoveal visual acuity measured under defocused conditions demonstrates that blur adaptation is not limited to the fovea. The presence of the adaptive mechanism in the parafovea also suggests that the neural compensation that takes places under defocused conditions acts across a spatial range and is not limited to specific frequency bands. An evaluation of the contrast sensitivity function under defocus provides further evidence. Electrophysiological methods measure the effect of blur adaptation at the retina and at the visual cortex to provide objective evidence for the presence of the blur adaptation mechanism. Finally enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography examines whether a period of prolonged defocus triggers any short-term changes in choroidal thickness in a similar manner to that reported in animal emmetropisation.