Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the torsion of the Mordell-Weil group of the Jacobian of Drinfeld modular curves

Let Y0(p) be the Drinfeld modular curve parameterizing Drinfeld modules of rank two over Fq[T ] of general characteristic with Hecke level p-structure, where p ⊳ Fq[T ] is a prime ideal of degree d. Let J0(p) denote the Jacobian of the unique smooth irreducible projective curve containing Y0(p). Define N(p) = q−1 q−1 , if d is odd, and define N(p) = q −1 q2−1 , otherwise. We prove that the torsion subgroup of the group of Fq(T )-valued points of the abelian variety J0(p) is the cuspidal divisor group and has order N(p). Similarly the maximal μ-type finite etale subgroup-scheme of the abelian variety J0(p) is the Shimura group scheme and has order N(p). We reach our results through a study of the Eisenstein ideal E(p) of the Hecke algebra T(p) of the curve Y0(p). Along the way we prove that the completion of the Hecke algebra T(p) at any maximal ideal in the support of E(p) is Gorenstein. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 11G18; Secondary 11G09.
Evaluation of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons score system for isolated coronary bypass graft surgery in a Brazilian population

Objective Report the experience with the Society of Thoracic Surgeons scoring system in a Brazilian population submitted to isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methods Data were collected from January-2010 to December-2011, and analyzed to determine the performance of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons scoring system on the determination of postoperative mortality and morbidity, using the method of the receiver operating characteristic curve as well as the Hosmer-Lemeshow and the Chi-square goodness of fit tests. From the 1083 cardiac surgeries performed during the study period 659 represented coronary artery bypass graft procedures which are included in the present analysis. Mean age was 61.4 years and 77% were men. Results Goodness of fit tests have shown good calibration indexes both for mortality (X2=6.78, P=0.56) and general morbidity (X2=6.69, P=0.57). Analysis of area under the ROC-curve (AUC) demonstrated a good performance to detect the risk of death (AUC 0.76; P<0.001), renal failure (AUC 0.79; P<0.001), prolonged ventilation (AUC 0.80; P<0.001), reoperation (AUC 0.76; P<0.001) and major morbidity (AUC 0.75; P<0.001) which represents the combination of the assessed postoperative complications. STS scoring system did not present comparable results for short term hospital stay, prolonged length of hospital stay and could not be properly tested for stroke and wound infection. Conclusion Society of Thoracic Surgeons scoring system presented a good calibration and discrimination in our population to predict postoperative mortality and the majority of the harmful events following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Analysis of larger samples might be needed to further validate the use of the score system in Brazilian populations.
Fault-tolerant clock synchronization

This paper gives two simple efficient distributed algorithms: one for keeping clocks in a network synchronized and one for allowing new processors to join the network with their clocks synchronized. The algorithms tolerate both link and node failures of any type. The algorithm for maintaining synchronization will work for arbitrary networks (rather than just completely connected networks) and tolerates any number of processor or communication link faults as long as the correct processors remain connected by fault-free paths. It thus represents an improvement over other clock synchronization algorithms such as [LM1,LM2,LL1]. Our algorithm for allowing new processors to join requires that more than half the processors be correct, a requirement which is provably necessary.
Blind source separation combining SIMO-model-based ICA and adaptive beamforming

A new two-stage blind source separation (BSS) for convolutive mixtures of speech is proposed, in which a single-input multiple-output-model-based ICA (SIMO-ICA) and an adaptive beamforming (ABF) are combined. SIMO-ICA can separate the mixed signals, not into monaural source signals but into SIMO model-based signals from independent sources as they are at the microphones. Thus, the separated signals of SIMO-ICA can maintain the spatial qualities of each sound source, and the directions-of-arrival (DOAs) of the sources can be estimated after the separation by SIMO-ICA. Owing to the attractive property, the supervised ABF can be applied to removing the residual interference components efficiently after the SIMO-ICA and DOA estimation procedures. Experimental results reveal that separation performance can be considerably improved by using the proposed method. In addition, the proposed method outperforms the combination of the conventional SIMO-output-type ICA and ABF, as well as both the simple ICA and the simple ABF.
Variation in Prokaryotic Community Composition as a Function of Resource Availability in Tidal Creek Sediments

ABSTRACT In anaerobic coastal sediments, hydrolytic and/or fermentative bacteria degrade polymeric material and produce labile intermediates, which are used by terminal metabolizers to complete the conversion of organic material to CO2. We used molecular approaches to evaluate the response of two bacterial terminal metabolizer groups from a coastal tidal creek sediments, sulfate reducers and methanogens, to controlled changes in carbon resource supply. Tidal creek sediment bioreactors were established in April and August 2004. For each date, intact sediment sections were continuously supplied with flowthrough seawater that was either unamended or amended with the high-molecular-weight polysaccharide dextran. Biogeochemical data indicate that the activity of fermenting bacteria and the terminal metabolizers was limited by organic carbon supply during both experiments, with a significant increase in net volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and rates of sulfate reduction and methanogenesis following dextran addition. Community composition (measured by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and functional gene [dsrA, mcrA] clone libraries) changed from April to August. However, community composition was not different between amended and unamended cores within each month, despite the change in resource level. Moreover, there was no relationship between community richness and evenness with resource level. This lack of variation in community composition with C addition could be attributed to the dynamic environment these sediment communities experience in situ. Fluctuations in VFA concentrations are most likely very high, so that the dominant bacterial species must be able to outcompete other species at both high and low resource levels.
Canal switch and re-entry phenomenon in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: difference between immediate and delayed occurrence

SUMMARY This prospective study was designed to evaluate the differences between immediate and delayed canal re-entry of otoliths after therapeutic manoeuvres in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). A total of 196 patients with BPPV were visited and 127 matched our inclusion criteria. The mean age was 54.74 years. The horizontal semicircular canal (HSC) was involved in 30 cases and the posterior semicircular canal (PSC) in 97 patients. Patients with hearing loss in the ear affected by BPPV have a more recurrent form, compared to those with normal hearing. An immediate canal re-entry was recorded in 3 patients with HSC BPPV, all with geotropic nystagmus. In 7 patients with PSC BPPV, the immediate canal re-entry was detected and the delayed form was noted in 5 patients. The patients with the delayed canal re-entry underwent more than 2 previous manoeuvres. The canal re-entry was not related to the manoeuvre performed. The timing of the Dix-Hallpike test to verify the resolution of the BPPV had a significant role in immediate canal re-entry. A recurrence in the follow-up at least one month after treatment was recorded in 20 patients and was more frequent in patients that had canal re-entry. The canal re-entry or canal switch is a clinical entity that should be kept in mind of the neurotologist when approaching BPPV patients. It is important to distinguish it from recurrence when delayed and from manoeuvre failure when immediate. The timing of manoeuvre performing, in particular the final verification test after therapeutic sessions, is important to prevent the immediate reflux of particles into canals.
Professional Development in 'Healthy' vs. 'Unhealthy' Districts: Top 10 characteristics based on research

Professional development is a requirement of every reform effort. Most states in the USA mandate a certain number of days in the school calendar to be allocated for professional development. Other nations often fund professional development for teachers to accompany an initiative to improve student performance. Although assumptions about why and how professional development should be conducted are shared, empirical evidence is relatively slim. Recent research generally focuses on the role of professional development in school reform. This study investigates the characteristics of involvement in professional development at the level of the district-the umbrella organisation for a geographic collection of schools. As part of a larger study, this research examines the professional development activities in school districts in relationship to overall district health. How do healthy and unhealthy districts differ in their approaches to professional development? What is the relationship between district health and student achievement? While confirming some of the assumptions about what makes effective professional development, this study provides research-based evidence for what districts can do to ensure district-wide impact and to bring about and sustain change. Furthermore, it illustrates the close association of district health and student achievement.
Editorial: Mathematical and Statistics Anxiety: Educational, Social, Developmental and Cognitive Perspectives

Mathematical anxiety (MA) is a feeling of apprehension and fear related to mathematics (e.g., Ashcraft, 2002). High levels of MA have serious implications for a person's life prospects, as they can lead to an avoidance of elective maths courses, which, in turn, affects people's career opportunities (e.g., Hembree, 1990). The societal importance of MA is also underlined by the fact that, according to the latest report of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, on average 30.6% of adolescents get very nervous when they have to do maths problems (OECD, 2015). Research in this area has shown an exponential growth in recent years, with the number of papers dealing with MA increasing from 60 in the year 2000 to 330 papers published in 2015 (based on Scopus statistics accessed on 20/06/2016). Over half of these papers have reported research carried out in North America, mostly in the United States, whereas less than 20% of this work was conducted in Europe. The majority of these papers appeared in educational journals, with a smaller proportion published in cognitive or developmental journals, and even fewer in neuroscience journals or in specialist journals on emotion or stress. Against this backdrop, it is easier to see the contribution of this collection of papers to the literature. Most of the contributors are from European countries, and many papers deal with relatively less-investigated issues, including the relationship between MA and social influences, the measurement of MA, the physiological correlates of MA, and MA outside the classroom. The Topic also includes a number of review papers that, besides summarizing existing findings, highlight some important gaps in our current knowledge and make recommendations for future investigations. Finally, some papers present methodological innovations.
Pilot study on the influence of different types of gloves on curing time of the addition silicone

Objective: To evaluate the influence of different types of gloves on curing time of the addition silicone. Materials and Methods: A dense paste of the addition silicone was manipulated without gloves and by three different types of gloves (latex, vinyl and nitrile), then was molded a metal matrix and after curing time the mold was submitted to compression test to verify if the surface of silicone was marked after the curing time. Results: After the curing time established by manufacturer, the mold manipulated with latex gloves did not have cure. The molds obtained with manipulation of silicone without gloves, as well as vinyl and nitrile gloves did have cure. Conclusion: The vinyl and nitrile gloves did not interfere on curing time of the addition silicone tested.
Cloning, Characterization and Heterologous Expression of the Indolocarbazole Biosynthetic Gene Cluster from Marine-Derived Streptomyces sanyensis FMA

The indolocarbazole (ICZ) alkaloids have attracted much attention due to their unique structures and potential therapeutic applications. A series of ICZs were recently isolated and identified from a marine-derived actinomycete strain, Streptomyces sanyensis FMA. To elucidate the biosynthetic machinery associated with ICZs production in S. sanyensis FMA, PCR using degenerate primers was carried out to clone the FAD-dependent monooxygenase gene fragment for ICZ ring formation, which was used as a probe to isolate the 34.6-kb DNA region containing the spc gene cluster. Sequence analysis revealed genes for ICZ ring formation (spcO, D, P, C), sugar unit formation (spcA, B, E, K, J, I), glycosylation (spcN, G), methylation (spcMA, MB), as well as regulation (spcR). Their involvement in ICZ biosynthesis was confirmed by gene inactivation and heterologous expression in Streptomyces coelicolor M1152. This work represents the first cloning and characterization of an ICZ gene cluster isolated from a marine-derived actinomycete strain and would be helpful for thoroughly understanding the biosynthetic mechanism of ICZ glycosides.
PixelSNAIL: An Improved Autoregressive Generative Model

Autoregressive generative models consistently achieve the best results in density estimation tasks involving high dimensional data, such as images or audio. They pose density estimation as a sequence modeling task, where a recurrent neural network (RNN) models the conditional distribution over the next element conditioned on all previous elements. In this paradigm, the bottleneck is the extent to which the RNN can model long-range dependencies, and the most successful approaches rely on causal convolutions, which offer better access to earlier parts of the sequence than conventional RNNs. Taking inspiration from recent work in meta reinforcement learning, where dealing with long-range dependencies is also essential, we introduce a new generative model architecture that combines causal convolutions with self attention. In this note, we describe the resulting model and present state-of-the-art log-likelihood results on CIFAR-10 (2.85 bits per dim) and $32 \times 32$ ImageNet (3.80 bits per dim). Our implementation is available at this https URL
Changes in patients' experiences in Medicare Accountable Care Organizations.

BACKGROUND Incentives for accountable care organizations (ACOs) to limit health care use and improve quality may enhance or hurt patients' experiences with care. METHODS Using Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) survey data covering 3 years before and 1 year after the start of Medicare ACO contracts in 2012 as well as linked Medicare claims, we compared patients' experiences in a group of 32,334 fee-for-service beneficiaries attributed to ACOs (ACO group) with those in a group of 251,593 beneficiaries attributed to other providers (control group), before and after the start of ACO contracts. We used linear regression and a difference-in-differences analysis to estimate changes in patients' experiences in the ACO group that differed from concurrent changes in the control group, with adjustment for the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. RESULTS After ACO contracts began, patients' reports of timely access to care and their primary physicians' being informed about specialty care differentially improved in the ACO group, as compared with the control group (P=0.01 and P=0.006, respectively), whereas patients' ratings of physicians, interactions with physicians, and overall care did not differentially change. Among patients with multiple chronic conditions and high predicted Medicare spending, overall ratings of care differentially improved in the ACO group as compared with the control group (P=0.02). Differential improvements in timely access to care and overall ratings were equivalent to moving from average performance among ACOs to the 86th to 98th percentile (timely access to care) and to the 82nd to 96th percentile (overall ratings) and were robust to adjustment for group differences in trends during the preintervention period. CONCLUSIONS In the first year, ACO contracts were associated with meaningful improvements in some measures of patients' experience and with unchanged performance in others. (Funded by the National Institute on Aging and others.).
Ekpyrotic collapse with multiple fields

A scale-invariant spectrum of isocurvature perturbations is generated during collapse in the scaling solution in models where two or more fields have steep negative exponential potentials. The scale invariance of the spectrum is realized by a tachyonic instability in the isocurvature field. We show that this instability is due to the fact that the scaling solution is a saddle point in the phase space. The late-time attractor is identified with a single-field-dominated ekpyrotic collapse in which a steep blue spectrum for isocurvature perturbations is found. Although quantum fluctuations do not necessarily to disrupt the classical solution, an additional preceding stage is required to establish classical homogeneity.
Measurement of the W boson mass using large rapidity electrons

\We present a measurement of the W boson mass using data collected by the DO experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron during 1994-1995. We identify W bosons by their decays to ev final states where the electron is detected in a forward calorimeter. We extract the W boson mass M-W by fitting the transverse mass and transverse electron and neutrino momentum spectra from a sample of 11 089 W-->e nu decay candidates. We use a sample of 1687 dielectron events, mostly due to Z-->ee decays, to constrain our model of the detector response. Using the forward calorimeter data, we measure M-w=80.691+/-0.227 GeV. Combining the forward calorimeter measurements with our previously published central calorimeter results, we obtain M-W= 80.482 +/-0.091 GeV.
Fosinopril Versus Amlodipine Comparative Treatments Study: A Randomized Trial to Assess Effects on Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1

Background—ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists may modulate fibrinolysis. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of these drugs on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen, an inhibitor of fibrinolysis. Methods and Results—Participants with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=96, 51% black) were randomized after an initial 4 weeks of placebo to double-blind 20 or 40 mg fosinopril or 5 or 10 mg amlodipine daily for 4 weeks in a fixed-dose regimen. After 4 weeks of placebo washout, the patients received 4 weeks of crossover treatments. After treatment with placebo, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 143±2 and 86±1 mm Hg and plasma PAI-1 was 43.4±2.3 ng/mL. Amlodipine achieved a greater systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduction than fosinopril (10 mm Hg versus 8 mm Hg, P =0.029, and 5 mm Hg versus 3 mm Hg, P =0.040, respectively) but tended to increase PAI-1, whereas fosinopril tended to decrease PAI-1 (5.4±3.6 versus −3.8±2.5 ng/mL, P =0.045). The PAI-1 changes depended on drug dose (6.5±6.1 and 3.4±3.9 ng/mL with amlodipine 10 and 5 mg, respectively, and −0.4±3.1 and −7.4±4.0 ng/mL with fosinopril 20 and 40 mg, respectively, P for trend 0.024). No significant differences between fosinopril and amlodipine were found for short-term changes in tissue plasminogen activator antigen, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6. The findings were similar in black and white participants. Conclusions—Short-term treatment with fosinopril significantly reduced PAI-1 compared with amlodipine in a dose-dependent fashion. This effect, which was independent of blood pressure reduction, may account for the improved clinical outcomes achieved with ACE inhibitors compared with calcium antagonists.
The Detergent-Soluble Cytoplasmic Pool of Survivin Suppresses Anoikis and Its Expression Is Associated with Metastatic Disease of Human Colon Cancer

Survivin is a component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) that is essential for accurate chromosome segregation. Interfering with the function of Survivin in mitosis leads to chromosome segregation errors and defective cytokinesis. Survivin contains a Baculovirus IAP Repeat (BIR) and therefore was originally classified as inhibitor of apopotosis protein (IAP), yet its role in apoptosis after cellular stress remains largely unknown. We demonstrate here, that Survivin predominantly suppresses anoikis, a form of programmed cell death induced by loss of cellular adhesion to extracellular matrix. Interestingly, cells ectopically overexpressing EGFP-Survivin showed after loss of cell-matrix-interaction a decreased expression of IκB-α. Subsequent subcellular protein fractionation and immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that XIAP interacts with detergent-soluble Survivin which is known to cooperatively activate NF-κB signaling. Examination of the expression levels of detergent soluble Survivin in colorectal cancer cell lines and in colorectal cancerous tissues revealed that detergent soluble cytoplasmic Survivin levels correlated inversely with anoikis susceptibility in colorectal cancer. Therefore, the detergent soluble cytoplasmic Survivin might be a promising predictive biomarker for lymph node and distant metastases of colorectal cancer. We conclude that an anti-apoptotic function of detergent-soluble Survivin in interphase cells experiencing anoikis is mediated at least via XIAP/IκB-α/NF-κB signaling.
Social processing, frontal asymmetries and the effect of emotion based disorders upon brain functioning and behaviour in infancy

This thesis had three main aims, firstly to explore the experience of auditory social and non-social stimuli upon infants brain functioning. Secondly to explore the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in social and non-social visual processing and anxiety. Lastly, to investigate the effect of a mother's depression upon infant behaviour. Chapter 1 explored the literature surrounding social and non-social processing in infancy, the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the effect of depression upon mother-infant interactions and brain functioning. Chapter 2 described the methods used within this thesis. Chapter 3 investigated the impact of speech and non-speech processing upon infant brain functioning. Social and non-social processing in the PFC in infancy was explored in chapter 4. Chapter 5 looked at the impact of a mothers anxiety upon infant frontal asymmetries. Meta-analyses were conducted in Chapter 6 to investigate differences in behaviour in the still-face paradigm between infants of depressed and infants of non-depressed mothers. Chapter 7 summarised the results of the thesis in terms of findings, implications of the results, directions for future work and limitations of the current thesis.