Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A quasi-PID controller for complex waveform generating inverters

A quasi-PID controller for complex waveform generating inverters that is derived from further analysis of the commonly used pulse width modulation (PWM) method of triangular carrier comparison is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the accurate theoretical formulas are obtained for the parameter turning of the PI controller, so as to make the normally cumbersome adjusting process much more readily. Due to the satisfactorily good performance of the quasi-PID controller, it can be either introduced into traditional inverters directly, or adopted as the initial state machine (ISM) of high accuracy intelligent-PID control inverters for the purpose of ensuring system stability and safety at start-up and also making the intelligent control algorithm operate more smoothly and effectively. Moreover, the proposal of the quasi-PID controller also presents a compelling answer to the interesting question: why do almost all the inverters adopt P or PI controller primarily but do not consider the strict PID controller? The answer is that the strict proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controller is not suitable for the PWM inverter, and only the quasi-PID controller is workable. This argument is verified in this paper.
Antioxidant Properties of Honey and Its Role in Preventing Health Disorder

Honey is being used since long time both in medical and domestic needs, but only recently its antioxidant property has come to limelight. With increasing demand for antioxidant supply in the food, honey is becoming popular as a source of antioxidant since it is rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids and other antioxidants including glucose oxidase, catalase, ascorbic acid, carotenoid derivatives, organic acids, amino acids and proteins. The antioxidants have several pre- ventative effects against different diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, neurological de- generation, wound healing, infectious diseases and aging, which led to search for foods rich in antioxidants. Various stud- ies on antioxidant properties of honey have been done. The present article is a short review on the antioxidant properties of honey and its role against health disorder.
Chronic exogenous corticosterone administration generates an insulin-resistant brain state in rats

We investigated whether long-term administration of exogenous corticosterone (CST) or vehicle as daily treatment induces changes in rat behavior and in gene expression of the rat brain insulin signaling pathway and the formation of tau protein. Two groups of male adult rats received daily subcutaneous injections of 26.8 mg/kg CST (CST stress group) or vehicle-sesame oil (injection stress group) for 60 days while the third group was taken as untreated controls (n = 8 each). Body weight and plasma CST were measured and psychometric investigations were conducted using a rat holeboard test system before and after the treatment. Gene expression analyzes were performed by RT-PCR in cerebral cortical tissue for insulin genes 1 and 2, insulin receptor (IR), insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), and tau protein. Daily injections of CST for 60 days induced a significant, 2-fold increase in rat plasma CST concentrations in comparison to untreated controls. Significantly reduced behavioral abilities in CST-treated rats were associated with reduced gene expression of insulin 1 ( − 20%), IDE ( − 23%), and IR ( − 26%), indicating an insulin-resistant brain state, followed by increased tau protein (+28%) gene expression. In summary, chronic CST administration affects gene expression in the brain IR signaling cascade and increases tau gene expression, which is associated with reductions in cognition capacity in rats.
Induction of erm(C) Expression by Noninducing Antibiotics

ABSTRACT Ketolides, which represent the newest macrolide antibiotics, are generally perceived to be noninducers of inducible erm genes. In the study described in this paper we investigated the effects of several macrolide and ketolide compounds on the expression of the inducible erm(C) gene by Escherichia coli cells. Exposure to 14-member-ring macrolide drugs and to azithromycin led to a rapid and pronounced increase in the extent of dimethylation of Erm(C) target residue A2058 in 23S rRNA. When cells were incubated with subinhibitory concentrations of ketolides, the extent of A2058 dimethylation was also increased, albeit to a lower level and with kinetics slower than those observed with macrolides. The induction of erm(C) expression by ketolides was further confirmed by using a reporter construct which allows the colorimetric detection of induction in a disc diffusion assay. Most of the ketolides tested, including the clinically relevant compounds telithromycin and cethromycin, were able to induce the reporter expression, even though the induction occurred within a more narrow range of concentrations compared to the concentration range at which induction was achieved with the inducing macrolide antibiotics. No induction of the reporter expression was observed with 16-member-ring macrolide antibiotics or with a control drug, chloramphenicol. The deletion of three codons of the erm(C) leader peptide eliminated macrolide-dependent induction but left ketolide-dependent induction unchanged. We conclude that ketolides are generally capable of inducing erm genes. The narrow range of ketolide inducing concentrations, coupled with the slow rate of induction and the lower steady-state level of ribosome methylation, may mask this effect in MIC assays.
An Accretion-Jet Model for Black Hole Binaries: Interpreting the Spectral and Timing Features of XTE J1118+480

Multiwavelength observations of the black hole X-ray binary XTE J1118+480 have offered abundant spectral and timing information about the source and have thus provided serious challenges to theoretical models. We propose a coupled accretion-jet model to interpret the observations. We model the accretion flow as an outer standard thin accretion disk truncated at a transition radius by an inner hot accretion flow. The accretion flow accounts for the observed UV and X-ray emission, but it substantially underpredicts the radio and infrared fluxes, even after we allow for nonthermal electrons in the hot flow. We attribute the latter components to a jet. We model the jet emission by means of the internal shock scenario, which is widely employed for gamma-ray bursts. In our accretion-jet model of XTE J1118+480, the jet dominates the radio and infrared emission, the thin disk dominates the UV emission, and the hot flow produces most of the X-ray emission. The optical emission has contributions from all three components: jet, thin disk, and hot flow. The model qualitatively accounts for timing features, such as the intriguing positive and negative time lags between the optical and X-ray emission and the wavelength-dependent variability amplitude.
The Zelig Phenomenon: A Specific form of Identity Disturbance

A variety of identity disturbances has been described in psychiatric patients. Although such disturbances possess some common features linked to shared or core psychological structures, qualitative differences that allow them to be distinguished from one another also exist. The cases reported are intended to draw attention to a severe and striking type of identity disturbance observed in psychotic patients, for which we have proposed the eponym, ‘the Zelig phenomenon’. The discussion focuses upon the issue of the coexistence in psychopathology of continuity and discontinuity. This apparent paradox can be regarded as an example of parallax, in which two quite different, yet equally valid, perspectives are possible and may be brought alternately into play. It is, however, argued that in the delineation of psychopathological entities it is necessary to adopt the perspective that considers discontinuities and matters of form, even though they may be at times overshadowed by continuities that derive from the alternate perspective.
On Hyperbolic Embedding of Internet Graph for Distance Estimation and Overlay Construction

— Estimating distances in the Internet has been studied in the recent years due to its ability to improve the performance of many applications, e.g., in the peer-to-peer realm. One scalable approach to estimate distances between nodes is to embed the nodes in some d dimensional geometric space and to use the pair distances in this space as the estimate for the real distances. Several algorithms were suggested in the past to do this in low dimensional Euclidean spaces. It was noted in recent years that the Internet structure has a highly connected core and long stretched tendrils, and that most of the routing paths between nodes in the tendrils pass through the core. Therefore, we suggest in this work, to embed the Internet distance metric in a hyperbolic space where routes are bent toward the center. We found that if the curvature, that deﬁnes the extend of the bending, is selected in the adequate range, the accuracy of Internet distance embedding can be improved. We demonstrate the strength of our hyperbolic embedding with two applications: selecting the closest server and building an application level multicast tree. For the latter, we present a distributed algorithm for building geometric multicast trees that achieve good trade-offs between delay (stretch) and load (stress). We also present a new efﬁcient centralized embedding algorithm that enables the accurate embedding of short distances, something that have never been done before.
Increased processing of APLP2 and APP with concomitant formation of APP intracellular domains in BDNF and retinoic acid‐differentiated human neuroblastoma cells

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) belongs to a conserved gene family, also including the amyloid precursor‐like proteins, APLP1 and APLP2. We have previously shown that all members of the APP protein family are up‐regulated upon retinoic acid (RA)‐induced neuronal differentiation of SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Here, we demonstrate that RA also affects the processing of APLP2 and APP, as shown by increased shedding of both sAPLP2 and sAPPα, as well as elevated levels of the APP intracellular domains (AICDs). Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been reported to induce APP promoter activity and RA induces expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) in neuroblastoma cells. We show that the increase in shedding of both APLP2 and APP in response to RA is not mediated through the TrkB receptor. However, BDNF concomitant with RA increased the expression of APP even further. In addition, the secretion of sAPLP2 and sAPPα as well as the levels of AICDs were increased in response to BDNF. In contrast, the levels of membrane‐bound APP C‐terminal fragment C99 significantly decreased. Our results suggest that RA and BDNF shifts APP processing towards the α‐secretase pathway. In addition, we show that RA and BDNF regulate N‐linked glycosylation of APLP1.
Metric learning for automatic sleep stage classification

We introduce in this paper a metric learning approach for automatic sleep stage classification based on single-channel EEG data. We show that learning a global metric from training data instead of using the default Euclidean metric, the k-nearest neighbor classification rule outperforms state-of-the-art methods on Sleep-EDF dataset with various classification settings. The overall accuracy for Awake/Sleep and 4-class classification setting are 98.32% and 94.49% respectively. Furthermore, the superior accuracy is achieved by performing classification on a low-dimensional feature space derived from time and frequency domains and without the need for artifact removal as a preprocessing step.
IN VITRO STUDIES ON ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF CAPSAICINOIDS FROM CAPSICUM CHINENSE AGAINST HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA CELLS

Objective: To evaluate the antitumor potential of capsaicinoids extracted from Capsicum chinense Bhut Jolokia. Methods: The capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin extracted in acetonitrile were detected and quantified by HPLC. In vitro studies were performed to examine the effects of capsaicinoids on (HepG2 cells) after exposure to acetonitrile (AN) extract at different concentration. The MTT assay for cell viability and markers such as Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Nitric oxide (NO) and Lipid peroxidation (LPO) were predictable to confirm the cytotoxicity. Results: Peaks of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were identified by HPLC and calibrated with standard Capsaicin. The treatment of AN extract on HepG2 cells showed reduction in the cell viability through MMT assay and it also significantly suppressed the release of LDH, LPO and NO production in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Thus the study confirmed the anticancer property of the capsaicinoids in AN extract, through modulating the free radicals release and also established anti-inflammatory potential.
Performance Evaluation of TCP over UMTS Transport Channels

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third-generation cellular network that enables high-speed wireless Internet access. It can provide maximum data-rates ranging from 64kb/s to 2Mb/s in different environmental types. UMTS is designed to provide access to the existing Internet services as well as to UMTS specific services. It will augment the existing capabilities of 2G mobile networks and GPRS, and one often envisaged strategy is to offer a richer set of multimedia services. It is widely known that TCP does not perform efficiently in wireless links where the bit error rate is high enough. This paper has as main target to evaluate the performance of TCP data transfer over the UMTS air interface, by means of a rather detailed simulation model. We examine the performance of TCP over UMTS Dedicated Channels (DCHs) with different bit rates and Transmission Time Intervals (TTIs) and we represent some simulation experiments for UMTS High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) transmissions.
Do Insurers Risk-Select Against Each Other ? Evidence from Medicaid Managed Care ∗ Ilyana Kuziemko

Medicaid programs increasingly finance competing, capitated managed care plans rather than administering fee-for-service (FFS) programs. We study how the transition from FFS to managed care affects highand low-cost infants (blacks and Hispanics, respectively). We find that blackHispanic disparities widen—e.g., black mortality and pre-term birth rates increase by 15% and 7%, respectively, while Hispanic mortality and pre-term birth rates decrease by 22% and 7%, respectively. Additionally, black birth rates fall slightly. Our results are consistent with a risk-selection model whereby capitation incentivizes competing plans to offer better (worse) care to low(high-) cost clients to retain (avoid) them in the future. JEL Codes: I11, I18, J13
Preeclampsia. Part 2: Experimental and Genetic Considerations

Preeclampsia-eclampsia is still one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Despite active research for many years, the etiology of this disorder exclusive to human pregnancy is an enigma. Recent evidence suggests there may be several underlying causes or predispositions leading to the signs of hypertension, proteinuria, and edema, findings that allow us to make the diagnosis of the “syndrome” of preeclampsia. Despite improved prenatal care, severe preeclampsia and eclampsia still occur. Although understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders has improved, treatment has not changed significantly in over 50 years. Although postponement of delivery in selected women with severe preeclampsia improves fetal outcome to a degree, this is not done without risk to the mother. In the United States, magnesium sulfate and hydralazine are the most commonly used medications for seizure prophylaxis and hypertension in the intrapartum period. The search for the underlying cause of this disorder and for a clinical marker to predict those women who will develop preeclampsia-eclampsia is ongoing, with its prevention the ultimate goal. This review began with the clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of preeclampsia-eclampsia (Part 1). Now, in Part 2, the experimental observations, the search for predictive factors, and the genetics of this disorder are reviewed. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader will be able to outline the experimental findings in preeclampsia-eclampsia, to summarize the various potential predictors of preeclampsia, and to describe the genetics of preeclampsia.
Assays of PCB congeners and organochlorine insecticides with the transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plants carrying recombinant guinea pig AhR and GUS reporter genes

Certain congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine insecticides are ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) in animals. A recombinant guinea pig (g) AhR, XgDV, was constructed by fusing the ligand-binding domain of gAhR, the DNA-binding domain of LexA, and the transactivating domain of VP16. Then, the expression unit of β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene regulated by XgDV was introduced into Arabidopsis and tobacco plants. When the transgenic Arabidopsis XgDV plants were cultured on Murashige–Skoog (MS) medium containing PCB congeners, the GUS activity in the plants increased toxic equivalent (TEQ)-dependently. The GUS activity in the transgenic Arabidopsis XgDV plants cultured on MS medium containing the organochlorine insecticide dieldrin was also induced. On the other hand, in the case of DDT, the GUS activity induced by 3-methylcholanthere in the plants decreased. The transgenic Arabidopsis XgDV plants detected 1000 ng g−1 PCB126 in 1 g of soils. Thus the XgDV plants seemed to be useful for convenient assays of PCB congeners and organochlorine insecticides, without any extraction and purification steps.
Activation Tagging Identifies a Conserved MYB Regulator of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis

Plants produce a wide array of natural products, many of which are likely to be useful bioactive structures. Unfortunately, these complex natural products usually occur at very low abundance and with restricted tissue distribution, thereby hindering their evaluation. Here, we report a novel approach for enhancing the accumulation of natural products based on activation tagging by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a T-DNA that carries cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer sequences at its right border. Among ∼5000 Arabidopsis activation-tagged lines, we found a plant that exhibited intense purple pigmentation in many vegetative organs throughout development. This upregulation of pigmentation reflected a dominant mutation that resulted in massive activation of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes and enhanced accumulation of lignin, hydroxycinnamic acid esters, and flavonoids, including various anthocyanins that were responsible for the purple color. These phenotypes, caused by insertion of the viral enhancer sequences adjacent to an MYB transcription factor gene, indicate that activation tagging can overcome the stringent genetic controls regulating the accumulation of specific natural products during plant development. Our findings suggest a functional genomics approach to the biotechnological evaluation of phytochemical biodiversity through the generation of massively enriched tissue sources for drug screening and for isolating underlying regulatory and biosynthetic genes.
Scurvy in pediatric patients: a review of 28 cases.

OBJECTIVE To study the dietary factors, clinical findings, plasma vitamin C level and post-treatment outcome of scurvy in pediatric patients at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study. METHOD The medical and radiographic records of pediatric patients, diagnosed with scurvy at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health from 1995 to 2002 were reviewed. RESULTS Twenty-eight pediatric patients were diagnosed with scurvy. Their ages ranged between 10 months-9 years 7 months (median age of 29 months). 93 per cent of the cases were between 1-4 years of age. All were fed with well-cooked foods and small amounts or no vegetables and fruits. Supplementation with ultra heat temperature (UHT) milk was found in 89 per cent, average 5.8 boxes/day and 14.3 months in duration. Eighty-six per cent of cases were misdiagnosed previously. Clinical manifestations involved limp or inability to walk (96%), tenderness of lower limbs (86%), bleeding per gum (36%), fever (18%), and petechial hemorrhage (3.6%). All cases had abnormal radiographic findings compatible with scurvy and 2 cases had epiphyseal separation. All had clinical improvement within the first week after vitamin C supplementation. CONCLUSION Vitamin C deficiency was found in the children's intake of small amounts or no vegetables and fruits together with UHT-milk. Frequent manifestations were limping and inability to walk and pain in the lower limbs. Response to vitamin C treatment was dramatic.
An omnidirectional circularly polarized patch antenna with bandwidth broadening

In this article, an omnidirectional circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna with bandwidth broadening is proposed. The antenna is composed of a circular patch with four L-shaped slots, a ground plane loaded a metal sleeve and a set of conductive vias. In order to broaden the impedance bandwidth, four parasitic strips are also sequentially rotated around the patch. As a result, it exhibits an omnidirectional CP radiation in the azimuthal plane. To verify the design, a prototype operating at 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific and medical band (ISM band) has been fabricated and measured. Measurement results show that the proposed antenna can achieve a -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 8.2% (ranges from 2.33 to 2.53 GHz) and a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 9.2% (ranges from 2.29 to 2.51 GHz) in the azimuthal plane. The results indicate that the proposed antenna is a good candidate for 2.4 GHz ISM band applications.
Thickness of tropical ice and photosynthesis on a snowball earth

On a completely ice‐covered “snowball” Earth the thickness of ice in the tropical regions would be limited by the sunlight penetrating into the ice cover and by the latent heat flux generated by freezing at the ice bottom—the freezing rate would balance the sublimation rate from the top of the ice cover. Heat transfer models of the perennially ice‐covered Antarctic dry valley lakes applied to the snowball Earth indicate that the tropical ice cover would have a thickness of 10 m or less with a corresponding transmissivity of > 0.1%. This light level is adequate for photosynthesis and could explain the survival of the eukaryotic algae.
In Vivo Analysis of Cobinamide Salvaging in Rhodobacter sphaeroides Strain 2.4.1

ABSTRACT The genome of Rhodobacter sphaeroides encodes the components of two distinct pathways for salvaging cobinamide (Cbi), a precursor of adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl, coenzyme B12). One pathway, conserved among bacteria, depends on a bifunctional kinase/guanylyltransferase (CobP) enzyme to convert adenosylcobinamide (AdoCbi) to AdoCbi-phosphate (AdoCbi-P), an intermediate in de novo AdoCbl biosynthesis. The other pathway, of archaeal origin, depends on an AdoCbi amidohydrolase (CbiZ) enzyme to generate adenosylcobyric acid (AdoCby), which is converted to AdoCbi-P by the AdoCbi-P synthetase (CobD) enzyme. Here we report that R. sphaeroides strain 2.4. 1 synthesizes AdoCbl de novo and that it salvages Cbi using both of the predicted Cbi salvaging pathways. AdoCbl produced by R. sphaeroides was identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and bioassay. The deletion of cobB (encoding an essential enzyme of the de novo corrin ring biosynthetic pathway) resulted in a strain of R. sphaeroides that would not grow on acetate in the absence of exogenous corrinoids. The results from a nutritional analysis showed that the presence of either CbiZ or CobP was necessary and sufficient for Cbi salvaging, that CbiZ-dependent Cbi salvaging depended on the presence of CobD, and that CobP-dependent Cbi salvaging occurred in a cbiZ+ strain. Possible reasons why R. sphaeroides maintains two distinct pathways for Cbi salvaging are discussed.