Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-pose landmark localization using multi-dropout framework

We propose the Multiple Dropout Framework (MDF) for facial landmark localization across large poses. Unlike most landmark detectors only work for poses less than 45 degree in yaw, the proposed MDF works for pose as large as 90 degree, i.e., full profile. In the proposed MDF, the Single Shot Multibox Detector (SSD) [10] is tailored for fast and precise face detection. Given an SSD detected face, a Multiple Dropout Network (MDN) is proposed to classify the face into either frontal or profile pose, and for each pose another MDN is configured for detecting pose-oriented landmarks. As the MDF framework contains one MDN (pose) classifier and two MDN (landmark) regressors, this study aims to determine the MDN structures and settings appropriate for handling classification and regression tasks. The MDN framework demonstrates the following advantages and observations. (1) Landmark detection across poses can be better approached by incorporating a pose classifier with pose-oriented landmark regressors. (2) Multiple dropouts are required for stabilizing the training of regressor networks. (3) Additional hand-crafted features, such as the Local Binary Pattern (LBP), can improve the accuracy of landmark localization. (4) Face profiling is a powerful tool for offering a large cross-pose training set. A comparison study on benchmark databases shows that the MDN delivers a competitive performance to the state-of-the-art approaches for face alignment across large poses.
PREVENTING MENTAL DISORDERS IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN A Review of the Effectiveness of Prevention Programs

The central goal of this report is to review and summarize the current state of knowledge on the effectiveness of preventive interventions intended to reduce the risk or effects of psychopathology in school-age children. In doing so, this report q identifies critical issues and themes in prevention research with school-age children and families q identifies universal, selective and indicated programs that reduce symptoms of both externalizing and internalizing disorders q summarizes the state-of-the art programs in the prevention of mental disorders in school-age children, q identifies elements that contribute to program success, and q provides suggestions to improve the quality of program development and evaluation The current report is not intended to describe, in detail, preventive interventions that show effects only on outcomes such as substance use, sexual behavior and contraception, or interventions that promote competence, but have not demonstrated effects on psychological symptomology. A number of recent reports review these related, but separate fields Structure of the Report The report contains six sections as well as Appendices. Section One reviews current issues and themes in prevention research with school-aged children. Section Two summarizes the process of program review. Section Three reviews universal prevention programs. Sections Four and Five review selective and indicated programs for children at risk for either externalizing or internalizing psychopathology. Section Six provides a brief summary of the findings of this review and their implications for program development and evaluation. Finally, the Appendices provide in-depth information on the effective programs identified in Sections Two, Three and Four.
Surgical management of gallbladder disease in the very elderly: are we operating them at the right time?

Background As life expectancy rises worldwide and the prevalence of gallstones increases with age, the number of very elderly patients requiring treatment for gallstone diseases is increasing. The aim of this study was to compare the results of cholecystectomy in patients 80 years or older according to different clinical presentations. Methods This is a retrospective study of 81 patients 80 years or older. Indications for surgery were stratified into three groups: outpatients (symptomatic chronic cholecystitis), inpatients (complicated gallstone diseases), and urgent patients (acute cholecystitis). Data analysis included age, sex, the American Society of Anesthesiologists score, indication for surgery, length of hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality. Results The mean age of the patients was 83.9 (range 80–94 years); there were 34 (42%) men. Thirty patients were operated on for acute cholecystitis. Patients in the urgency group significantly required the ICU more often, required a longer hospital stay, and had more complications, with 32% mortality. No differences were found between inpatients and outpatients, with both groups presenting low morbidity, no mortality, and the same postoperative length of stay. Conclusion More than 80% of the patients were operated on because of complicated gallstone disease. Although the outcomes of patients undergoing semielective cholecystectomy were similar to those of patients treated as outpatients, patients operated with acute cholecystitis presented extremely high morbidity and mortality rates. Thus, we can only recommend that early elective cholecystectomy be performed in elderly patients as soon as they are found to have symptomatic gallstones. Also, further trials are required to elucidate the optimal management of acute cholecystitis in elderly patients.
OBSERVATIONAL LIMITS ON TYPE 1 ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS ACCRETION RATE IN COSMOS

We present black hole masses and accretion rates for 182 Type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in COSMOS. We estimate masses using the scaling relations for the broad H β, Mg ii, and C iv emission lines in the redshift ranges 0.16 < z < 0.88, 1 < z < 2.4, and 2.7 < z < 4.9. We estimate the accretion rate using an Eddington ratio LI/LEdd estimated from optical and X-ray data. We find that very few Type 1 AGNs accrete below LI/LEdd ∼ 0.01, despite simulations of synthetic spectra which show that the survey is sensitive to such Type 1 AGNs. At lower accretion rates the broad-line region may become obscured, diluted, or nonexistent. We find evidence that Type 1 AGNs at higher accretion rates have higher optical luminosities, as more of their emission comes from the cool (optical) accretion disk with respect to shorter wavelengths. We measure a larger range in accretion rate than previous works, suggesting that COSMOS is more efficient at finding low accretion rate Type 1 AGNs. However, the measured range in accretion rate is still comparable to the intrinsic scatter from the scaling relations, suggesting that Type 1 AGNs accrete at a narrow range of Eddington ratio, with LI/LEdd ∼ 0.1.
A meta‐analysis of anatomy laboratory pedagogies

The debate regarding anatomy laboratory teaching approaches is ongoing and controversial. To date, the literature has yielded only speculative conclusions because of general methodological weaknesses and a lack of summative empirical evidence. Through a meta‐analysis, this study compared the effectiveness of instructional laboratory approaches used in anatomy education to objectively and more conclusively synthesize the existing literature. Studies published between January 1965 and December 2015 were searched through five databases. Titles and abstracts of the retrieved records were screened using eligibility criteria to determine their appropriateness for study inclusion. Only numerical data were extracted for analysis. A summary effect size was estimated to determine the effects of laboratory pedagogies on learner performance and perceptions data were compiled to provide additional context. Of the 3,035 records screened, 327 underwent full‐text review. Twenty‐seven studies, comprising a total of 7,731 participants, were included in the analysis. The meta‐analysis detected no effect (standardized mean difference = −0.03; 95% CI = −0.16 to 0.10; P = 0.62) on learner performance. Additionally, a moderator analysis detected no effects (P ≥ 0.16) for study design, learner population, intervention length, or specimen type. Across studies, student performance on knowledge examinations was equivalent regardless of being exposed to either dissection or another laboratory instructional strategy. This was true of every comparison investigated (i.e., dissection vs. prosection, dissection vs. digital media, dissection vs. models/modeling, and dissection vs. hybrid). In the context of short‐term knowledge gains alone, dissection is no better, and no worse, than alternative instructional modalities. Clin. Anat. 31:122–133, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two polymorphic forms of N-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-[(4-chlorophenyl)aminomethyl]-6-methyl-2-phenylpyrimidin-4-amine.

Two polymorphic forms of the title compound, C24H20Cl2N4, were obtained and characterized using X-ray crystal structure analysis. Colourless crystals of polymorph (Ia) were obtained from the oily mother residue. Recrystallization of polymorph (Ia) from an acetone-methanol mixture resulted in pale-yellow crystals of polymorph (Ib). The major feature distinguishing the two polymorphic forms is their interaction modes, and hence their packing arrangements. In the crystal structure of polymorph (Ia), there are N-H.N hydrogen bonds and also aromatic pi-pi stacking interactions between molecules. The molecules of polymorph (Ib) are linked by N-H.Cl hydrogen bonds only.
Why say no? Reasons given by young people for not using drugs

A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods has been employed in this study in order to assess the impact of a variety of factors on young peoples drug-using behaviour. The focus is on the responses to an enquiry with respondents who had never used heroin, methadone, other opiates, cocaine powder, crack cocaine, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, ecstasy, LSD, cannabis, and solvents who were asked for their reasons for this non-use. The data were also analysed to ascertain whether reasons for non-use varied according to age, what respondents thought the effects of the drugs they had never used would be, and how likely they thought it was that they would use them in the year following the interview. No single reason was given by the majority of respondents for the non-use of drugs, but the motive most frequently reported - particularly by older respondents - was a lack of interest in the effects. Younger respondents'reasons for non-use were, overall, related to a fear of drugs and their effects. Most.
Charter Schools as Postmodern Paradox: Rethinking Social Stratification in an Age of Deregulated School Choice.

For the last two-and-a-half years, authors Amy Stuart Wells, Alejandra Lopez, Janelle Scott, and Jennifer Jellison Holme have been engaged with a team of researchers in a comprehensive qualitative study of charter schools in ten California school districts. They have emerged from this study with a new understanding of how the implementation of a specific education policy can reflect much broader social changes, including the transformation from modernity to postmodernity. Given that much of the literature on postmodernity is theoretical in nature, this article invites readers to wrestle with the complexity that results when theory meets the day-to-day experiences of people trying to start schools. In their study, the authors examined how people in different social locations define the possibilities for localized social movements, and how they see the potential threat of greater inequality resulting from this reform within and among communities. They started with a framework that questioned how charter sch.
Changes in mood during acute hypoglycemia in healthy participants.

Acute hypoglycemia provides a reproducible method of investigating the effect of biological changes induced during hypoglycemia on mood states. Hypoglycemia was induced twice using a hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp in 24 nondiabetic human participants; a euglycemic placebo control study was also performed. Serial changes in mood were assessed using the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist before, during, and after 60 min of controlled hypoglycemia (2.5 mmol/l). Hypoglycemia induced a significant reduction in hedonic tone (p = .001), a significant increase in tense arousal (p < .0005), and a significant decline in energetic arousal (p = .01) in comparison with the euglycemia control study. Profound changes in mood were observed in nondiabetic participants during acute hypoglycemia, and a state called tense tiredness persisted for at least 30 min after restoration of euglycemia.
Influence of anosognosia on treatment outcome among dementia patients

This study was a preliminary investigation of the effects of a Memory and Coping Program among mild to moderate dementia patients. A total of 24 elderly participants were randomly assigned to treatment and waiting-list control conditions. A pre-test, post-test design was used, with group comparisons of change scores on objective cognitive tests and subjective ratings of mood and memory. While encouraging trends emerged suggesting improvement among those who received treatment, group differences did not reach statistical significance. However, when outcomes were compared by treatment subgroups with and without anosognosia, significant differences emerged. Participants with insight made significantly greater gains in perceived memory functioning that those without insight. In contrast, informants perceived greater gains among treatment subjects relative to controls independent of insight status. The need for additional research to further delineate the influences of anosognia, baseline cognition, and affective status, and other potential intervention outcome modifiers is discussed, with attention to instrumentation and methodological considerations.
Models of the Posterior Parietal Cortex Which Perform Multimodal Integration and Represent Space in Several Coordinate Frames

Many neurons in the posterior-parietal cortex (PPC) have saccadic responses to visual and auditory targets. The responses are modulated by eye position and head position. These findings suggest that PPC integrates multisensory inputs and may provide information about saccadic targets represented in different coordinate frames. In addition to an eye-centered output representation, PPC may also project to brain areas which contain head-centered and body-centered representations of the space. In this report, possible coordinate transformations in PPC were examined by comparing several sets of models of PPC, each having different representations in the output layer: (i) an eye-centered map only; (ii) a head-centered map only; (iii) an eye-centered map and a head-centered map; and (iv) an eye-centered map, a head-centered map, and a body-centered map. These output maps correctly encoded saccades to visual and auditory targets through training. The units in the hidden layers of the models exhibited the following properties: (1) The units had gain fields (GFs) for eye position, and also for head position if the model had a body-centered output representation; (2) As the result of the GF and the nonlinear activation function of the units, the hidden layers often employed intermediate coding, e.g., the hidden units coded targets partially in eye-centered coordinates and, partially, in head-centered coordinates; (3) Different types of coordinate transformations in these models were carried out by different relationships between the receptive fields (RFs) and the GFs of the hidden units; and (4) The properties of PPC neurons are in better accordance with the hidden units of the models that had multiple-output representations than the models that had only one single-output representation. In conclusion, the results show that the GF is an effective mechanism for performing coordinate transformations. The models also suggest that neurons with intermediate coding are to be expected in the process of coordinate transformations.
Suitability of a three-dimensional model to measure empathy and its relationship with social and normative adjustment in Spanish adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Objectives (1) To examine the psychometric properties of the Basic Empathy Scale (BES) with Spanish adolescents, comparing a two and a three-dimensional structure;(2) To analyse the relationship between the three-dimensional empathy and social and normative adjustment in school. Design Transversal and ex post facto retrospective study. Confirmatory factorial analysis, multifactorial invariance analysis and structural equations models were used. Participants 747 students (51.3% girls) from Cordoba, Spain, aged 12–17 years (M=13.8; SD=1.21). Results The original two-dimensional structure was confirmed (cognitive empathy, affective empathy), but a three-dimensional structure showed better psychometric properties, highlighting the good fit found in confirmatory factorial analysis and adequate internal consistent valued, measured with Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. Composite reliability and average variance extracted showed better indices for a three-factor model. The research also showed evidence of measurement invariance across gender. All the factors of the final three-dimensional BES model were direct and significantly associated with social and normative adjustment, being most strongly related to cognitive empathy. Conclusions This research supports the advances in neuroscience, developmental psychology and psychopathology through a three-dimensional version of the BES, which represents an improvement in the original two-factorial model. The organisation of empathy in three factors benefits the understanding of social and normative adjustment in adolescents, in which emotional disengagement favours adjusted peer relationships. Psychoeducational interventions aimed at improving the quality of social life in schools should target these components of empathy.
Topological observability analysis using heuristic rule based expert system

This paper presents a novel approach for topological observability analysis using heuristic rule based expert system. The observability problem is split in P-delta observability and Q-V observability by P-delta/Q-V decouple characteristic of power systems. A heuristic rule based expert system is developed for finding the existence of an observable spanning tree for P-delta measurement graph and Q-V measurement graph. This expert system finds the existence of an observable spanning tree in measurement graph on the basis of heuristic rules, directly without making a spanning tree. Inference in this approach is done by the process of chaining through rules until a conclusion about the observability or unobservability is reached. The proposed heuristic rule based expert system has been tested on the standard IEEE 5 bus and 14 bus test systems and an 87 bus real power system, which is a part of Northern grid network of India. Results obtained are presented for illustration
Turbo Detection of Precoded Sphere Packing Modulation Using Four Transmit Antennas for Differential Space-Time Spreading

This paper presents a novel turbo-detected multidimensional sphere packing (SP) modulation scheme using four transmit antennas combined with differentially encoded space-time spreading (DSTS). The DSTS scheme can be readily combined with PSK, QAM as well as SP modulation schemes. The SP-aided DSTS system advocated has low-complexity encoding and decoding algorithms that require no channel knowledge and it is capable of outperforming the DSTS system dispensing with sphere packing. Further system performance improvements can be attained by serially concatenated convolutional encoding combined with a unity-rate code (URC) referred to as a precoder. Then, at the receiver side, iterative decoding is invoked by exchanging extrinsic information between the precoder's decoder as well as the outer recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) code's decoder. Moreover, the convergence behaviour of the proposed system is evaluated with the aid of extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts. Explicitly, the turbo-detected precoded DSTS-SP system performs within 1.6 dB of the achievable multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) capacity. Finally, in contrast to an equivalent 0.5 bit/symbol throughput turbo- detected DSTS-SP scheme using no preceding, the turbo-detected precoded DSTS-SP scheme exhibits no error floor.
ATM Kinase Inhibition Preferentially Sensitizes p53-Mutant Glioma to Ionizing Radiation

Purpose: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal form of brain cancer with a median survival of only 12 to 15 months. Current standard treatment consists of surgery followed by chemoradiation. The poor survival of patients with GBM is due to aggressive tumor invasiveness, an inability to remove all tumor tissue, and an innate tumor chemo- and radioresistance. Ataxia–telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is an excellent target for radiosensitizing GBM because of its critical role in regulating the DNA damage response and p53, among other cellular processes. As a first step toward this goal, we recently showed that the novel ATM kinase inhibitor KU-60019 reduced migration, invasion, and growth, and potently radiosensitized human glioma cells in vitro. Experimental Design: Using orthotopic xenograft models of GBM, we now show that KU-60019 is also an effective radiosensitizer in vivo. Human glioma cells expressing reporter genes for monitoring tumor growth and dispersal were grown intracranially, and KU-60019 was administered intratumorally by convection-enhanced delivery or osmotic pump. Results: Our results show that the combined effect of KU-60019 and radiation significantly increased survival of mice 2- to 3-fold over controls. Importantly, we show that glioma with mutant p53 is much more sensitive to KU-60019 radiosensitization than genetically matched wild-type glioma. Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggest that an ATM kinase inhibitor may be an effective radiosensitizer and adjuvant therapy for patients with mutant p53 brain cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 19(12); 3189–200. ©2013 AACR.
Bone marrow derivation of pericryptal myofibroblasts in the mouse and human small intestine and colon

Background and aims: In order to establish whether extraintestinal cells contribute to the turnover and repair of gastrointestinal tissues, we studied the colons and small intestines of female mice that had received a male bone marrow transplant, together with gastrointestinal biopsies from female patients that had developed graft versus host disease after receiving a bone marrow transplant from male donors. Methods: Using in situ hybridisation to detect Y chromosomes and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that cells derived from injected bone marrow frequently engrafted into the intestine and differentiated into pericryptal myofibroblasts. Results: In the human intestine, we confirmed by combining in situ hybridisation with immunostaining for smooth muscle actin that the bone marrow derived cells within the intestine exhibited a myofibroblast phenotype. In female mouse recipients of male bone marrow grafts, we observed colocalisation of Y chromosomes and clusters of newly formed marrow derived myofibroblasts. While few of these were present at seven days after bone marrow transplantation, they were numerous at 14 days, and by six weeks entire columns of pericryptal myofibroblasts could be seen running up the sides of crypts in both the small intestine and colon. These columns appeared to extend into the villi in the small intestine. Within the intestinal lamina propria, these Y chromosome positive cells were negative for the mouse macrophage marker F4/80 antigen and CD34. Conclusions: Bone marrow derived pericryptal myofibroblasts were present in the mouse intestine following irradiation and bone marrow transplant, and in the intestines of human patients suffering graft versus host disease following a bone marrow transplant. Our data indicate that bone marrow cells contribute to the regeneration of intestinal myofibroblasts and epithelium after damage, and we suggest that this could be exploited therapeutically.