Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding racism through the eyes of African American male student‐athletes

This study utilized critical race theory (CRT) as an epistemological framework and theoretical tool for understanding African American male student‐athletes' perceptions of racism and the potential impact racism might have on their educational experiences and overall development. This qualitative case study included a single focus group and in‐depth interviews with four African American male football players in a big‐time college sport program at a predominantly White institution (PWI) in the Midwestern United States. These males felt that racism manifested itself in terms of African Americans (1) being denied access to leadership and major decision‐making opportunities in college and professional sport, and (2) being treated differently than their White counterparts. These findings point to the need for further studies that are inclusive of the voices of this particular group and other groups of African American student‐athletes. Further, these results have implications for administrators, coaches, academic support personnel, and other educators at American universities and colleges with big‐time college sport programs.
Mapping Processes of Policy Change in Contemporary European Political Economies: The Irish Case

This article engages with debates about the trajectory of contemporary European political economies, emphasising in particular the need to map processes of policy change over time (by placing contemporary developments in historical perspective) and space (by considering a variety of policy areas). The article then explores these issues with respect to the Irish case. Placing more recent developments within historical perspective, it argues that the trajectory of the Irish state is not best characterised in terms of a shift from one state form (the ‘activist state’) to another (‘the competition state’). Rather, the path of Irish economic and social policy has been both highly complex and (at times) contradictory, so that change is best characterised in terms of the ebb and flow of tendencies and counter-tendencies rather than in terms of a shift between state forms.
Impact of Visual Impairment on Quality of Life: A Comparison With Quality of Life in the General Population and With Other Chronic Conditions

Purpose: Subjective evaluation of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health status is recognized as an important tool in the assessment and treatment of visually impaired patients. The aims of this study are to describe the generic HRQoL and health status of visually impaired patients and to compare the HRQoL of visually impaired patients with that of both the general population of the Netherlands and patients with other chronic conditions. Methods: 128 persons attending a rehabilitation centre for visually impaired adults completed the EuroQol questionnaire (EQ-5D). These patients' EQ-5D scores were compared with EQ-5D norms of the Dutch population and of patients with other chronic conditions; both sets of data were taken from the literature. Results: The average EQ-5Dindex score of the total study population was 0.73 (SD 0.22). Visually impaired patients reported more problems on every dimension of the EQ-5D than the general Dutch population. Only stroke patients and patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and reported more problems on every dimension of the EQ-5D than visually impaired patients. Conclusions: Visual impairment has a substantial impact on the quality of life; compared with other chronic conditions, it seems to affect the HRQoL, spoiling the quality of life more than diabetes type II, coronary syndrome, and hearing impairments, but less than stroke, multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, major depressive disorder, and severe mental illness.
Dendritic Hyperpolarization-Activated Currents Modify the Integrative Properties of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons

Step hyperpolarizations evoked slowly activating, noninactivating, and slowly deactivating inward currents from membrane patches recorded in the cell-attached patch configuration from the soma and apical dendrites of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. The density of these hyperpolarization-activated currents (Ih) increased over sixfold from soma to distal dendrites. Activation curves demonstrate that a significant fraction of Ih channels is active near rest and that the range is hyperpolarized relatively more in the distal dendrites. Ih activation and deactivation kinetics are voltage-and temperature-dependent, with time constants of activation and deactivation decreasing with hyperpolarization and depolarization, respectively.Ih demonstrated a mixed Na+–K+ conductance and was sensitive to low concentrations of external CsCl. Dual whole-cell recordings revealed regional differences in input resistance (Rin) and membrane polarization rates (τmem) across the somatodendritic axis that are attributable to the spatial gradient of Ihchannels. As a result of these membrane effects the propagation of subthreshold voltage transients is directionally specific. The elevated dendritic Ih density decreases EPSP amplitude and duration and reduces the time window over which temporal summation takes place. The backpropagation of action potentials into the dendritic arborization was impacted only slightly by dendriticIh, with the most consistent effect being a decrease in dendritic action potential duration and an increase in afterhyperpolarization. Overall, Ih acts to dampen dendritic excitability, but its largest impact is on the subthreshold range of membrane potentials where the integration of inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs takes place.
Central Reading of Endoscopy Endpoints in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Trials

Background:Central reading of endoscopy (CROE) is crucial in determining who qualifies for a trial but also has a role, independent of the selected scoring system, in decreasing measurement noise that can obscure separation between placebo and active drug. Benefits of CROE may not be independent of the method chosen, and controversy exists about the ideal approach. Methods:Literature review and concept development. Results:Components to be considered in the reading algorithm are blinding, number of central readers, independent voting versus consensus panel, video recordings versus still images, and involvement of the site reader. Key concepts considered are endpoints, bias, power, and sample size derived from the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency guidelines, as well as the technological requirements and recruitment, qualification, and revalidation of central readers as applied to CROE. Conclusions:Recording and CROE should be standardized, and an imaging charter developed with research on the different components and its overall impact.
I. Pro-anorexia and ‘Binge-drinking’: Conformity to Damaging Ideals or ‘New’, Resistant Femininities?

In recent years, the spotlight in the British media has often been on girls’ and young women’s ‘wayward’ and self-destructive practices, creating a degree of ‘moral panic’. One example is heavy and so-called binge-drinking (Day et al., 2004), which has been cast within the media in various, negative ways, for example, as the price of women’s so-called emancipation and as an unfortunate breaking down of clearly defined gender roles in society (see Day et al., 2004). More recently, internet sites promoting extreme dieting have received attention from journalists, organizations (e.g. SCaRED1) and feminist scholars (e.g. Pollack, 2003) concerned about the impact of these on the health and well-being of the girls and women who visit the sites (see Day and Keys, 2009, for an overview). Such cyberspaces have typically been characterized as fora of female pathology with subsequent calls for their censorship (e.g. by Australian Labour MP Anna Burke). Whilst there are a plethora of feminist analyses of body modification or ‘eating disorders’ that have cast these practices in diverse, complex and sometimes contradictory ways (see Malson, 1998), there is a scarcity of feminist literature on women’s alcohol consumption. Although the two topics are clearly distinct, my research has elucidated a number of similarities and common themes pertinent to feminism. For example, representations around both eating and drinking (alcohol) tend to draw upon conventional ideals around femininity (and masculinity), such as the idea that ‘good’ women should exercise restraint and denial. Such representations invite feminist deconstruction (e.g. Hepworth and Griffin, 1995; Bordo, 1997). Furthermore, my research has highlighted how both women’s drinking and extreme dieting can be understood (partially) as practices by which girls and women challenge and resist gender ideals and social processes aimed at controlling women, and via which they sometimes attempt a (re)construction of meanings and identities. This is consistent with poststructuralist feminist arguments that girls and women have the ability to ‘rewrite’ gender ideologies, often in ways that benefit them by, for example, positioning them in more powerful ways (e.g. Eckermann, 1997). However, an analysis of such ‘destructive’ health-
Oxytocin Activation of Maternal Behavior in the Rat a

Maternal behavior in each subprimate mammalian species includes a cluster of stereotypical behaviors that provide newborns with the nutrition, warmth, and protection they require to survive until they can fend for themselves.le2 In the rat, the components of maternal behavior include nest building, retrieval to and grouping of pups within the nest, licking and cleaning of pups, and crouching over pups in a nursing posture. These behaviors appear to be coordinated by an integrated neural program that is actively suppressed in virgin rats, in part by olfactory stimuli from Only after prolonged physical proximity to newborns and habituation to pup stimuli (a process called sensitization) do virgin rats begin to exhibit all components of maternal behavior.6 However, parturient rats immediately respond maternally toward newborns. Therefore, speculation on mechanisms that stimulate the rapid onset of maternal behavior have focused on the major hormonal events occurring at the end of pregnancy and at parturition. A series of elegant experiments have clearly demonstrated that the elevated estrogen levels and the rapid decline in progesterone levels occurring in the immediate prepartum period are critical to postpartum activation of maternal behavior in the Oxytocin release from the posterior pituitary, which has long been known to occur at parturition and during nursing, was also investigated as a potential activator of maternal behavior. Early experiments that tested this hypothesis were influenced by the prevailing view at that time that oxytocin was solely a peripheral hormone. Simulating peripheral release of oxytocin by intravenous infusion failed to stimulate maternal behavior. * Lesions of the neurohypophysial tract that prevented release of oxytocin from the pituitary did not block maternal behavior. ' These early negative results were interpreted as conclusive evidence that oxytocin played no role in maternal behavior. 'O In the late 197Os, interest in oxytocin as an activator of maternal behavior was rekindled by new neuroanatomical evidence. Immunohistochemical methods clearly demonstrated that oxytocinergic pathways projected from hypothalamic nuclei to numerous extrahypothalamic brain sites. "J* These observations suggested to us') that oxytocin may be released centrally during labor and delivery. We hypothesized that intracerebral release of oxytocin at parturition may trigger maternal behavior. Prior
Predictors of intentions to stop smoking early in prenatal care

OBJECTIVE To determine baseline variables associated with low intentions of stopping smoking early in pregnancy. DESIGN Cross sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS Pregnant smokers pooled across seven Smoke-Free Families trials (n = 1314). RESULTS 36% of pregnant smokers had low intentions of stopping smoking within the next 30 days. In contrast to pregnant smokers with higher intentions of quitting, pregnant smokers with low intentions were less confident in their ability to quit, less likely to have private health insurance, and less likely to agree that smoking harms the unborn child. They were more likely to smoke heavily, more likely to have fewer years of education, and more likely to have friends and family members who smoke. CONCLUSIONS Three options to smoking cessation assistance are proposed for pregnant smokers with low intentions of quitting: targeting, triage, and tailoring. Further research is needed to determine which approach is most appropriate.
Cost effectiveness of nurse led secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease in primary care: follow up of a randomised controlled trial

Abstract Objective To establish the cost effectiveness of nurse led secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease based on four years' follow up of a randomised controlled trial. Design Cost effectiveness analysis. Setting 19 general practices in north east Scotland. Participants 1343 patients (673 in intervention group and 670 in control group, as originally randomised) aged under 80 years with a diagnosis of coronary heart disease but without terminal illness or dementia and not housebound. Intervention Nurse led clinics to promote medical and lifestyle components of secondary prevention. Main outcome measures Costs of clinics; overall costs to health service; and cost per life year and per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained, expressed as incremental gain in intervention group compared with control group. Results The cost of the intervention (clinics and drugs) was £136 ($254; €195) per patient higher (1998-9 prices) in the intervention group, but the difference in other NHS costs, although lower for the intervention group, was not statistically significant. Overall, 28 fewer deaths occurred in the intervention group leading to a gain in mean life years per patient of 0.110 and of 0.124 QALYs. The incremental cost per life year saved was £1236 and that per QALY was £1097. Conclusion Nurse led clinics for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in primary care seem to be cost effective compared with most interventions in health care, with the main gains in life years saved.
Teaching and Learning Empathy: An Interactive, Online Diplomatic Simulation of Middle East Conflict

ABSTRACT What pass for the study of international relations is often more an examination of foreign affairs, transnational interaction from ethnocentric perspectives. Many analysts accept the assumptions and values of their own political culture, then superimpose them on other nations. If another state does not act in accordance with those values, its leaders are labeled irrational. Such ethnocentric analysis excludes empathy, the ability to experience the values, feelings, and perceptions of another, a basic element needed to understand international relations. Empirical and analytical skills are important; but without empathy, students will never fully appreciate the subtle complexities of global affairs. This paper explores the link between empathy and simulation role-playing, suggesting some practical steps to help students better adopt simulation roles; it illustrates these steps by describing a Middle East diplomatic simulation using Internet based, strategic interaction; and it evaluates students' responses.
The ring structure for equivariant twisted K-theory

Abstract We prove, under some mild conditions, that the equivariant twisted K-theory group of a crossed module admits a ring structure if the twisting 2-cocycle is 2-multiplicative. We also give an explicit construction of the transgression map for any crossed module N → Γ and prove that any element in the image is ∞-multiplicative. As a consequence, we prove, under some mild conditions, for a crossed module N → Γ and any , that the equivariant twisted K-theory group admits a ring structure. As an application, we prove that for a compact, connected and simply connected Lie group G, the equivariant twisted K-theory group , defined as the K-theory group of a certain groupoid C*-algebra, is endowed with a canonical ring structure , where . The relation with Freed–Hopkins–Teleman theorem [Loop groups and twisted K-theory, III, math.AT/0312155] still needs to be explored.
Disorganization, disidentification and ideological fragmentation: Verbal and pictorial evidence from a British business school

Rather than focusing on organizing dimensions of society, one may conceptualize disorganization processes, where ideological values incongruence leads to disidentification and ideological fragmentation. Integrating discourse analysis and critical social psychology, I focus on professional organizations facing ideological, managerialist change to develop a typology of multiple‐identity organizations (MIOs) incorporating various degrees of disorganization, rather than the traditional ideographic–holographic dualism. I then apply a creative, visual method to explore how wider ideological tensions between managerial (utilitarian) and professional (normative) values shape lived experiences in a major British business school. Longitudinal verbal and pictorial discursive analysis shows a cacophony of images competing to construct and deconstruct organizational identity over a decade and a half. The organization tends towards disorganization, but somehow retains a sufficient sense of (multiple) identity to survive, suggesting it is myopic to ignore processes and structures that mark and contribute to the ideological fragmentation of MIOs.
Dynamical Analysis of the Parametrized Lehmer–Euclid Algorithm

The Lehmer–Euclid Algorithm is an improvement of the Euclid Algorithm when applied to large integers. The original Lehmer–Euclid Algorithm replaces divisions on multi-precision integers by divisions on single-precision integers. Here we study a slightly different algorithm that replaces computations on $n$-bit integers by computations on $\mu n$-bit integers. This algorithm depends on the truncation degree $\mu\in ]0, 1[$ and is denoted as the ${\mathcal{LE}}_\mu$ algorithm. The original Lehmer–Euclid Algorithm can be viewed as the limit of the ${\mathcal{LE}}_\mu$ algorithms for $\mu \to 0$. We provide here a precise analysis of the ${\mathcal{LE}}_\mu$ algorithm. For this purpose, we are led to study what we call the Interrupted Euclid Algorithm. This algorithm depends on some parameter $\alpha \in [0, 1]$ and is denoted by ${\mathcal E}_{\alpha}$. When running with an input $(a, b)$, it performs the same steps as the usual Euclid Algorithm, but it stops as soon as the current integer is smaller than $a^\alpha$, so that ${\mathcal E}_{0}$ is the classical Euclid Algorithm. We obtain a very precise analysis of the algorithm ${\mathcal E}_{\alpha}$, and describe the behaviour of main parameters (number of iterations, bit complexity) as a function of parameter $\alpha$. Since the Lehmer–Euclid Algorithm ${\mathcal {LE}}_\mu$ when running on $n$-bit integers can be viewed as a sequence of executions of the Interrupted Euclid Algorithm ${\mathcal E}_{1/2}$ on $\mu n $-bit integers, we then come back to the analysis of the ${\mathcal {LE}}_\mu$ algorithm and obtain our results.
Towards a Model of Wine Event Loyalty

The current research investigated factors that motivate attendance and produce loyalty to the UNLVino™ wine tasting event in Las Vegas. A model was developed to explain how attendance motivators, event satisfaction and emotional commitment contribute to wine event loyalty. Models were constructed for three behavioral loyalty indices: revisit intention, recommendation, and willingness-to-pay. Three factors were found to be primary attendance motivators: wine experience, enjoyment and social recognition. The importance of these factors did not differ between first-time and repeat visitors. The results showed that emotional commitment was the strongest predictor of behavioral loyalty, and served as a mediating variable for attendance motivated by the wine experience. Attendance motivated by enjoyment influenced loyalty directly and through its impact on satisfaction. The findings suggest that festival and event planners should seek ways to build emotional commitment and increase social capital among constituents.
Parameters That Specify the Timing of Cytokinesis

One model for the timing of cytokinesis is based on findings that p34cdc2 can phosphorylate myosin regulatory light chain (LC20) on inhibitory sites (serines 1 and 2) in vitro (Satterwhite, L.L., M.H. Lohka, K.L. Wilson, T.Y. Scherson, L.J. Cisek, J.L. Corden, and T.D. Pollard. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 118:595–605), and this inhibition is proposed to delay cytokinesis until p34cdc2 activity falls at anaphase. We have characterized previously several kinase activities associated with the isolated cortical cytoskeleton of dividing sea urchin embryos (Walker, G.R., C.B. Shuster, and D.R. Burgess. 1997. J. Cell Sci. 110:1373–1386). Among these kinases and substrates is p34cdc2 and LC20. In comparison with whole cell activity, cortical H1 kinase activity is delayed, with maximum levels in cortices prepared from late anaphase/telophase embryos. To determine whether cortical-associated p34cdc2 influences cortical myosin II activity during cytokinesis, we labeled eggs in vivo with [32P]orthophosphate, prepared cortices, and mapped LC20 phosphorylation through the first cell division. We found no evidence of serine 1,2 phosphorylation at any time during mitosis on LC20 from cortically associated myosin. Instead, we observed a sharp rise in serine 19 phosphorylation during anaphase and telophase, consistent with an activating phosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase. However, serine 1,2 phosphorylation was detected on light chains from detergent-soluble myosin II. Furthermore, cells arrested in mitosis by microinjection of nondegradable cyclin B could be induced to form cleavage furrows if the spindle poles were physically placed in close proximity to the cortex. These results suggest that factors independent of myosin II inactivation, such as the delivery of the cleavage stimulus to the cortex, determine the timing of cytokinesis.
Life Span Offending Trajectories of Convicted Dutch Women

While a growing number of longitudinal studies contribute to our knowledge on the development of offending over the life span, the landscape of research on women’s criminal careers remains sparsely populated. Consequently, relatively little is known about female criminal development—especially during the adult years—and extant developmental and life-course theories generally are tailored to explain patterns in male offending. This article examines the criminal trajectories of the 432 women in the Criminal Career and Life-course Study (CCLS) a representative sample of Dutch offenders convicted in 1977. The CCLS includes information on registered criminal behavior spanning a period of up to 60 years. Trajectory analyses show that four developmental pathways can be distinguished among female offenders. We characterize these different pathways in terms of the type of crimes committed and the personal characteristics of women following them. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.
A Longitudinal Study of Reading Development in Dyslexic Children.

The development of literacy skills was studied in 20 dyslexic children (7 years 7 months to 12 years 7 months). At Time I, the dyslexic children performed worse on tests of reading, spelling, and phonological processing than chronological age-matched normal readers, but their performance was qualitatively similar to that of younger reading age-matched controls. The dyslexic children made poor progress over the following 2 years and, in comparison with reading age controls at Time 2, showed specific difficulties in nonword reading and repetition and made more dysphonetic spelling errors. The authors argue that this typical dyslexic profile becomes more defined with development and provides support for the theory that phonological deficits in dyslexia compromise the development of reading skills.