Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wireless Smart Home Sensor Networks: Mobile Agent Based Anomaly Detection

Pervasive computing is changing the life style of human being in the 21st century. Smart home is one of the emerging examples for pervasive computing applications. In a smart home scenario, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can potentially provide information about device activities and their status. This information can be useful for variety of purposes like monitoring home security, examining status of nodes, and replacing nodes that are malfunctioning or dead. The sensor network needs to be protected from intrusions and anomalies. Over the years, various Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are proposed for preventing WSNs from intrusions. Although some mobile agent based IDS are proposed, anomaly detection for wireless smart home sensor network (WSHSN) is not fully exploited. In this article, we have proposed a mobile agent based anomaly detection mechanism for WSHSNs. The proposed scheme takes advantage from heterogeneous nature of devices in smart home for effectively detecting anomalies. The anomaly detection infrastructure is installed at resource rich nodes such as Cluster Heads (CHs). The mobile agent takes only few bytes of data to further assess the anomalous behavior of suspicious node. The analysis and comparative study show several advantages of the proposed scheme, such as efficient utilization of memory, reducing network load, and reduction in overall computational cost of the network. The nature of our proposed solution is generic, so that as it is, or with slight modifications, it can be implemented on other heterogeneous wireless sensor networks.
Regulationist perspectives on Fordism and Post-Fordism

Volume 1 The Parisian regulation school: background and general presentation some early works commentaries and critiques. Volume 2 European and American perspectives on regulation: the Grenoble school social structures of accumulation the Amsterdam school the German regulation approach Nordic models commentaries and critiques. Volume 3 Regulationist perspectives on Fordism and post-Fordism: introduction to key issues and approaches the origins of the Fordist labour process the crisis of Fordism beyond Fordism to. general reviews. Volume 4 Country studies: North America Europe Japan other East Asian societies socialism and post-socialism. Volume 5 Developments and extensions: recent theoretical innovations social movements and identity politics space and scale cities globalization some emerging issues recent reviews.
Use of the swim bladder and lateral line in near-field sound source localization by fish

We investigated the roles of the swim bladder and the lateral line system in sound localization behavior by the plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus). Reproductive female midshipman underwent either surgical deflation of the swim bladder or cryoablation of the lateral line and were then tested in a monopolar sound source localization task. Fish with nominally ‘deflated’ swim bladders performed similar to sham-deflated controls; however, post-experiment evaluation of swim bladder deflation revealed that a majority of ‘deflated’ fish (88%, seven of the eight fish) that exhibited positive phonotaxis had partially inflated swim bladders. In total, 95% (21/22) of fish that localized the source had at least partially inflated swim bladders, indicating that pressure reception is likely required for sound source localization. In lateral line experiments, no difference was observed in the proportion of females exhibiting positive phonotaxis with ablated (37%) versus sham-ablated (47%) lateral line systems. These data suggest that the lateral line system is likely not required for sound source localization, although this system may be important for fine-tuning the approach to the sound source. We found that midshipman can solve the 180 deg ambiguity of source direction in the shallow water of our test tank, which is similar to their nesting environment. We also found that the potential directional cues (phase relationship between pressure and particle motion) in shallow water differs from a theoretical free-field. Therefore, the general question of how fish use acoustic pressure cues to solve the 180 deg ambiguity of source direction from the particle motion vector remains unresolved.
Transition Region Emission and Energy Input to Thermal Plasma during the Impulsive Phase of Solar Flares

The energy released in a solar flare is partitioned between thermal and nonthermal particle energy and lost to thermal conduction and radiation over a broad range of wavelengths. It is difficult to determine the conductive losses and the energy radiated at transition region temperatures during the impulsive phases of flares. We use UVCS measurements of O VI photons produced by five flares and subsequently scattered by O VI ions in the corona to determine the 5.0 ≤ log T ≤ 6.0 transition region luminosities. We compare them with the rates of increase of thermal energy and the conductive losses deduced from RHESSI and GOES X-ray data using areas from RHESSI images to estimate the loop volumes, cross-sectional areas, and scale lengths. The transition region luminosities during the impulsive phase exceed the X-ray luminosities for the first few minutes, but they are smaller than the rates of increase of thermal energy unless the filling factor of the X-ray-emitting gas is ~0.01. The estimated conductive losses from the hot gas are too large to be balanced by radiative losses or heating of evaporated plasma, and we conclude that the area of the flare magnetic flux tubes is much smaller than the effective area measured by RHESSI during this phase of the flares. For the 2002 July 23 flare, the energy deposited by nonthermal particles exceeds the energy radiated in X-rays, the energy radiated at transition region temperatures, and the rate of increase of the thermal energy.
A comparison of registration errors with imageless computer navigation during MIS total knee arthroplasty versus standard incision total knee arthroplasty: a cadaveric study

Abstract Optimal component alignment in total knee arthroplasty has been associated with better functional outcome as well as improved implant longevity. The ability to align components optimally during minimally invasive (MIS) total knee replacement (TKR) has been a cause of concern. Computer navigation is a useful aid in achieving the desired alignment although it is limited by the error during the manual registration of landmarks. Our study aims to compare the registration process error between a standard and a MIS surgical approach. We hypothesized that performing the registration error via an MIS approach would increase the registration process error. Five fresh frozen lower limbs were routinely prepared and draped. The registration process was performed through an MIS approach. This was then extended to the standard approach and the registration was performed again. Two surgeons performed the registration process five times with each approach. Performing the registration process through the MIS approach was not associated with higher error compared to the standard approach in the alignment parameters of interest. This rejects our hypothesis. Image-free navigated MIS TKR does not appear to carry higher risk of component malalignment due to the registration process error. Navigation can be used during MIS TKR to improve alignment without reduced accuracy due to the approach.
Hyponatremia and mortality among patients on the liver-transplant waiting list.

BACKGROUND Under the current liver-transplantation policy, donor organs are offered to patients with the highest risk of death. METHODS Using data derived from all adult candidates for primary liver transplantation who were registered with the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network in 2005 and 2006, we developed and validated a multivariable survival model to predict mortality at 90 days after registration. The predictor variable was the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score with and without the addition of the serum sodium concentration. The MELD score (on a scale of 6 to 40, with higher values indicating more severe disease) is calculated on the basis of the serum bilirubin and creatinine concentrations and the international normalized ratio for the prothrombin time. RESULTS In 2005, there were 6769 registrants, including 1781 who underwent liver transplantation and 422 who died within 90 days after registration on the waiting list. Both the MELD score and the serum sodium concentration were significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio for death, 1.21 per MELD point and 1.05 per 1-unit decrease in the serum sodium concentration for values between 125 and 140 mmol per liter; P<0.001 for both variables). Furthermore, a significant interaction was found between the MELD score and the serum sodium concentration, indicating that the effect of the serum sodium concentration was greater in patients with a low MELD score. When applied to the data from 2006, when 477 patients died within 3 months after registration on the waiting list, the combination of the MELD score and the serum sodium concentration was considerably higher than the MELD score alone in 32 patients who died (7%). Thus, assignment of priority according to the MELD score combined with the serum sodium concentration might have resulted in transplantation and prevented death. CONCLUSIONS This population-wide study shows that the MELD score and the serum sodium concentration are important predictors of survival among candidates for liver transplantation.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Bulgarian Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and/or Obesity

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disturbances in women of reproductive age. Besides its well-known effects on reproductive health, it is also linked to increased cardiovascular risk in later life. The aim of this study is to investigate some classical cardiovascular risk factors in a crossectional study of Bulgarian women with PCOS and/or obesity. We performed a retrospective medical chart review of 375 women from an university endocrine clinic. We found significant differences in the indices of carbohydrate metabolism, blood pressure, lipid profile, rate of liver steatosis, and the levels liver enzymes and hematological results between the lean and obese PCOS women. Obese women without PCOS did not show significantly different results in their OGGT form obese PCOS women. Waist-to-stature-ratio (WSR) correlated better with the baseline IRI levels and lipid profile than waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR) that makes it a better marker for unfavorable metabolic profile.
Busting Myths of Electronic Word of Mouth: The Relationship between Customer Ratings and the Sales of Mobile Applications

Business and academic research frequently highlights the power of electronic word of mouth, relying on the knowledge that online customer ratings and reviews influence consumer decision making. Numerous studies in different disciplines have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of electronic word of mouth communication. Previously, typically small sample studies suggest that positive electronic word of mouth increases sales and that the effects depend on the volume and valence of reviews and ratings. This study's contribution lies in testing the relationship between electronic word of mouth and the sales of applications in a mobile application ecosystem (Google Play) with an extensive dataset (over 260 million customer ratings; 18 months). The results show that higher values of valence of customer ratings correlate statistically significantly with higher sales. The volume of ratings correlates positively with sales in the long term but negatively in the short term. Furthermore, the relationship between electronic word of mouth and sales seems to be more important when the price of the application increases. The findings also underline the importance of the choice of a measurement period in studies.
Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the dizziness handicap inventory

Background: Dizziness as a common symptom affecting many aspects of the patient's life and it is hard to be fully evaluated. The dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) is a reliable self-perceived questionnaire in the evaluation of dizziness impacts. The purposes of this study are translation of the DHI to Persian language and measuring its psychometric properties, including face, content, discriminate and construct validity, internal consistency and reliability. Materials and Methods: The English version of the DHI is translated to Persian language based on international quality of life assessment protocol. 97 participants, including 57 patients with mean age of 44.5-year-old and 40 healthy people (mean age of 34.1) participated in this study during the period of November 2012 to June 2013 in audiology clinics of Tehran University of medical sciences. Results: The Persian version of DHI showed good face and content validity. The internal consistency of DHI-P was good, the Cronbach's alpha was 0.79, 0.82, 0.83, and 0.90 for total and emotional, physical and functional subscales; respectively, in reliability, There was a high correlation between test re-test scores (r = 0.90, P = 0.000). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.96 for total score and 0.92, 0.92, and 0.96 for emotional, physical and functional subscales; respectively. Conclusion: Considering good psychometric properties, we suggest that DHI-P can use for evaluating the dizziness effects on quality of life in Persian population.
Transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of post-stroke depression in aphasic patients: a case series

ABSTRACT Aphasia is a common consequence of stroke; it is estimated that about two-thirds of aphasic patients will develop depression in the first year after the stroke. Treatment of post-stroke depression (PSD) is challenging due to the adverse effects of pharmacotherapy and difficulties in evaluating clinical outcomes, including aphasia. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a novel treatment that may improve clinical outcomes in the traditionally pharmacotherapy-refractory PSD. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tDCS for patients with PSD and with aphasia. The Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire (SADQ) and the Aphasic Depression Rating Scale (ADRS) were used to evaluate the severity of PSD. The diagnoses of PSD and aphasia were confirmed by a psychiatrist and a speech-language pathologist, respectively. In this open case series, patients (n = 4) received 10 sessions (once a day) of bilateral tDCS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and two additional sessions after two and four weeks, for a total of 12 sessions. All patients exhibited improvement in depression after tDCS, as indicated by a decrease in SADQ (47.5%) and in ADRS (65.7%). This improvement was maintained four weeks after the treatment. In this preliminary, open-label study conducted in four PSD patients with aphasia, bilateral tDCS over the DLPFC was shown to induce a substantial mood improvement; tDCS was safe and well tolerated by every patient. Stroke patients with aphasia can be safely treated for PSD with tDCS. Sham-controlled studies are necessary to evaluate this technique further.
The Relationship between Fatigue, Psychological and Immunological Variables in Acute Infectious Illness

Objective: The aim of this paper is to explore the longitudinal relationships between physical and psychological symptoms and immunological factors following acute infective illnesses. Method: Preliminary data from a prospective investigation of patients with serologically proven acute infectious illnesses due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Ross River virus (RRV) or Q fever are reported. Patients were assessed within 4 weeks of onset of symptoms and then reviewed 2 and 4 weeks later. Physical illness data were collected at interview. Psychological and somatic symptom profiles were assessed by standardised self-report questionnaires. Cell-mediated immune (CMI) function was assessed by measurement of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin responses. Results: Thirty patients who had been assessed and followed over the 4–week period (including 17 patients with EBV, five with RRV and eight with Q fever) were included in this analysis. During the acute phase, profound fatigue and malaise were the most common symptoms. Classical depressive and anxiety symptoms were not prominent. Initially, 46% of cases had no DTH skin response (i.e. cutaneous anergy) indicative of impaired cellular immunity. Over the 4–week period, there was a marked improvement in both somatic and psychological symptoms, although fatigue remained a prominent feature in 63% of subjects. The reduction in reported fatigue was correlated with improvement in the DTH skin response (p = 0.001) and with improvement in General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) scores (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Acute infectious illnesses are accompanied by a range of nonspecific somatic and psychological symptoms, particularly fatigue and malaise rather than anxiety and depression. Although improvement in several symptoms occurs rapidly, fatigue commonly remains a prominent complaint at 4 weeks. Resolution of fatigue is associated with improvement in cell-mediated immunity.
Volunteering Versus Work for Pay: Incentives and Tradeoffs in Crowdsourcing

Paid and volunteer crowd work have emerged as a means for harnessing human intelligence for performing diverse tasks. However, little is known about the relative performance of volunteer versus paid crowd work, and how financial incentives influence the quality and efficiency of output. We study the performance of volunteers as well as workers paid with different monetary schemes on a difficult real-world crowdsourcing task. We observe that performance by unpaid and paid workers can be compared in carefully designed tasks, that financial incentives can be used to trade quality for speed, and that the compensation system on Amazon Mechanical Turk creates particular indirect incentives for workers. Our methodology and results have implications for the ideal choice of financial incentives and motivates further study on how monetary incentives influence worker behavior in crowdsourcing.
Testing the Unified Model with an Infrared-selected Sample of Seyfert Galaxies

We present a series of statistical tests done to a sample of 29 Seyfert 1 and 59 Seyfert 2 galaxies selected from mostly isotropic properties, their far-infrared fluxes and warm infrared colors. Such selection criteria provide a profound advantage over the criteria used by most investigators in the past, such as ultraviolet excess. These tests were done using ground-based high-resolution Very Large Array A-configuration 3.6 cm radio and optical B and I imaging data. From the relative number of Seyfert 1's and Seyfert 2's, we calculate that the torus half-opening angle is 48°. We show that, as seen in previous papers, there is a lack of edge-on Seyfert 1 galaxies, suggesting that dust and gas along the host galaxy disk probably play an important role in hiding some nuclei from direct view. We find that there is no statistically significant difference in the distribution of host galaxy morphological types and radio luminosities of Seyfert 1's and Seyfert 2's, suggesting that previous results showing the opposite may have been due to selection effects. The average extension of the radio emission of Seyfert 1's is smaller than that of Seyfert 2's by a factor of ~2-3, as predicted by the unified model. A search for galaxies around our Seyferts allows us to put a lower and an upper limit on the possible number of companions around these galaxies of 19% and 28%, respectively, with no significant difference in the number of companion galaxies between Seyfert 1's and Seyfert 2's. We also show that there is no preference for the radio jets to be aligned closer to the host galaxy disk axis in late-type Seyferts, unlike results claimed by previous papers. These results, taken together, provide strong support for a unified model in which type 2 Seyferts contain a torus seen more edge-on than the torus in type 1 Seyferts.
Acquisition of new sexual partners among women with HIV infection: patterns of disclosure and sexual behavior within new partnerships.

UNLABELLED This study describes the sexual behavior of HIV-positive women within new versus more established relationships and determines whether beliefs about HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) impact these behaviors. The Women's Interagency HIV Study is a longitudinal cohort study of HIV among women in the United States. Sexually active HIV-positive women (N = 1,090) completed interviews on beliefs and behaviors at 6-month intervals. Data were analyzed for the period between April 2002 and March 2003. Of 1,517 sexual partners reported, 32% were newly acquired within the previous 6 months. As compared with more established sexual relationships, newer partnerships were characterized by greater condom use consistency (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.4 -2.3). Holding beliefs that ART is protective for HIV transmission impacted the relationship between partner type and condom use. In established relationships, 63% reported consistent condom use if they believed that ART is not protective, whereas 54% reported consistent condom use if they believed that ART is protective. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of ongoing support for sexual risk reduction among women with HIV-infection and for strategies that reduce the strength of relationships between ART beliefs and sexual risk behavior.
Detection of oncogenic genital human papillomavirus (HPV) among HPV negative older and younger women after 7 years of follow‐up

The knowledge on risk factors of being human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive among older women is sparse. The aim was to determine the frequency of oncogenic HPV appearance after 7 years among initially HPV‐negative women and to examine potential risk factors that influence the occurrence of HPV in older women using multiple logistic regression. For comparison, a younger cohort of women examined under identical study settings was included. This prospective cohort study comprised 1,577 older women (age 40–50 at enrolment) and 2,920 women aged 22–32. Participants were interviewed and underwent a gynecological examination at two time points (7 years apart). Cervical samples were tested for HPV using Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) and only women who tested HC2‐negative at baseline were included. The HPV prevalence among older and younger women was 6.4% and 10.7%, respectively, and there was no “second peak” observed among older women. Recent sexual partners were a strong determinant of HPV appearance irrespective of age. Lifetime number of sexual partners was a significant risk factor for HPV appearance among older women, even after adjustment for recent sexual behavior. In addition, menopause was associated with a non‐significantly increased risk of HPV appearance at follow‐up. In conclusion, appearance of HPV in previously HPV‐negative older women may be due to both recent sexual behavior and previous exposure that is, reactivation of a latent HPV infection. J. Med. Virol. 86:975–982, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.