Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Invitation Choice Structure Has No Impact on Attendance in a Female Business Training Program in Kenya

Business training programs are a common form of support to small businesses, but organizations providing this training often struggle to get business owners to attend. We evaluate the role of invitation choice structure in determining agreement to participate and actual attendance. A field experiment randomly assigned female small business owners in Kenya (N = 1172) to one of three invitation types: a standard opt-in invitation; an active choice invitation where business owners had to explicitly say yes or no to the invitation; and an enhanced active choice invitation which highlighted the costs of saying no. We find no statistically significant effect of these alternative choice structures on willingness to participate in training, attending at least one day, and completing the course. The 95 percent confidence interval for the active treatment effect on attendance is [−1.9%, +9.5%], while for the enhanced active choice treatment it is [−4.1%, +7.7%]. The effect sizes consistent with our data are smaller than impacts measured in health and retirement savings studies in the United States. We examine several potential explanations for the lack of effect in a developing country setting. We find evidence consistent with two potential reasons being limited decision-making power amongst some women, and lower levels of cognition making the enhanced active choice wording less effective.
An affective student model to assess emotions in an educational game

ii CONTENTS. iii L IST OF TABLES. vii L IST OF FIGURES . ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. x DEDICATION . xi CHAPTER 1 I NTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Emotionally Intelligent Computers. 2 1.2 The Role of Emotion in Intelligent Learning Environments. 3 1.2.1 Adapting the System’s Behaviors by Considering Emotions. 3 1.2.2 Emotion in the Design of Life-like Pedagogical Agents. 4 1.3 Affective User Modeling in Electronic Educational Games. 6 1.4 Difficulties in Affective User Modeling. 8 1.5 The Approach Used in this Thesis. 9 1.6 Thesis Outline. 10 CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND. 12 2.1 The OCC Model . 12 2.2 Dynamic Decision Networks (DDNs) . 14 CHAPTER 3 RELATED WORK . 19 3.1 Three Dimensions of User Assessment . 19 3.2 A Conversational Agent that Responds to Users’ Emotions. 19 3.3 Interface Adaptation by Assessing Users’ Affective and Belief States. 20 3.4 The Affective Reasoner Framework . 21 3.5 Detecting Emotions from Physiological Signals . 22 3.6 Motivation Diagnosis. 23
University of Insubria Sparse unsupervised feature learning for sentiment classification of short documents

The rapid growth of Web information led to an increasing amount of user-generated content, such as customer reviews of products, forum posts and blogs. In this paper we face the task of assigning a sentiment polarity to user-generated short documents to determine whether each of them communicates a positive or negative judgment about a subject. The method we propose exploits a Growing Hierarchical SelfOrganizing Map to obtain a sparse encoding of user-generated content. The encoded documents are subsequently given as input to a Support Vector Machine classifier that assigns them a polarity label. Unlike other works on opinion mining, our model does not use a priori hypotheses involving special words, phrases or language constructs typical of certain domains. Using a dataset composed by customer reviews of products, the experimental results we obtain are close to those achieved by other recent works.
A Tri-Method Approach to a Review of Adventure Tourism Literature: Bibliometric Analysis, Content Analysis, and a Quantitative Systematic Literature Review

This article provides an objective, systematic, and integrated review of the Western academic literature on adventure tourism to discover the theoretical foundations and key themes underlying the field by combining three complementary approaches of bibliometric analysis, content analysis, and a quantitative systematic review. A total of 114 publications on adventure tourism were identified that revealed three broad areas of foci with adventure tourism research: (1) adventure tourism experience, (2) destination planning and development, and (3) adventure tourism operators. Adventure tourism has an intellectual tradition from multiple disciplines, such as the social psychology of sport and recreation. There is an underrepresentation of studies examining non-Western tourists in their own geographic contexts or non-Western tourists in Western geographic contexts. Our findings pave ways for developing a more robust framework and holistic understanding of the adventure tourism field.
Barriers and facilitators in the integration of oral health into primary care: a scoping review

Objective This scoping study has been conducted to map the literature and provide a descriptive synthesis on the barriers and facilitators of the integration of oral health into primary care. Methods Grounded in the Rainbow conceptual model and using the Levac et al six-stage framework, we performed a systematic search of electronic databases, organisational websites and grey literature from 1978 to April 2016. All publications with a focus on the integration of oral health into primary care were included except commentaries and editorials. Thematic analyses were performed to synthesise the results. Results From a total of 1619 citations, 58 publications were included in the review. Barrier-related themes included: lack of political leadership and healthcare policies; implementation challenges; discipline-oriented education; lack of continuity of care and services and patients’ oral healthcare needs. The facilitators of integration were supportive policies and resources allocation, interdisciplinary education, collaborative practices between dental and other healthcare professionals, presence of local strategic leaders and geographical proximity. Discussion and public health implications This work has advanced the knowledge on the barriers and facilitators at each integration domain and level, which may be helpful if the healthcare organisations decide to integrate oral health and dental services into primary care. The scoping review findings could be useful for both dental and medical workforce and allied primary healthcare providers. They could also guide the development of healthcare policies that support collaborative practices and patient-centred care in the field of primary care.
Resisting Temptation for the Good of the Group: Binding Moral Values and the Moralization of Self-Control

When do people see self-control as a moral issue? We hypothesize that the group-focused “binding” moral values of Loyalty/betrayal, Authority/subversion, and Purity/degradation play a particularly important role in this moralization process. Nine studies provide support for this prediction. First, moralization of self-control goals (e.g., losing weight, saving money) is more strongly associated with endorsing binding moral values than with endorsing individualizing moral values (Care/harm, Fairness/cheating). Second, binding moral values mediate the effect of other group-focused predictors of self-control moralization, including conservatism, religiosity, and collectivism. Third, guiding participants to consider morality as centrally about binding moral values increases moralization of self-control more than guiding participants to consider morality as centrally about individualizing moral values. Fourth, we replicate our core finding that moralization of self-control is associated with binding moral values across studies differing in measures and design—whether we measure the relationship between moral and self-control language across time, the perceived moral relevance of self-control behaviors, or the moral condemnation of self-control failures. Taken together, our findings suggest that self-control moralization is primarily group-oriented and is sensitive to group-oriented cues.
High level of chromosomal instability in circulating tumor cells of ROS1-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer

ROS1-rearrangement can be detected in circulating tumor cells of ROS1-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer patients, offering perspectives for diagnosing patients eligible for ROS1-inhibitor therapy. ROS1-rearranged CTCs show considerable heterogeneity of ROS1-gene abnormalities and elevated numerical chromosomal instability, a potential mechanism of resistance to ROS1-inhibitor.
The macrophage response to HIV-1: Intracellular control of X4 virus replication accompanied by activation of chemokine and cytokine synthesis

During human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection, T lymphocytes and macrophages play dual roles. They are the primary targets for virus replication, but they are also primary effector cells in acquired and innate immunity, respectively. The authors are now investigating how these roles come together in the response of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) to certain HIV-1. The authors and others have previously shown that MDM permit entry of some X4 virus strains, but control viral replication intracellularly. In the present study, viral DNA synthesis, entry into the nucleus, and transcription to RNA were all observed in X4 virus-infected MDM. MDM arrested HIV-1 replication prior to expression of mature capsid antigen p24 and production of cell-free infectious viral particles. Cell-associated transmissible HIV-1 was detected by cocultivation of infected MDM and susceptible T lymphocytes. A second protective response of MDM to specific R5 as well as X4 HIV-1 was identified in rapid and extensive secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and RANTES. These findings support the view that MDM act aggressively to control HIV-1 replication: X4 strains by severely limiting the progeny virus production and R5 strains by producing β-chemokines competent to block virus entry into target cells. Optimizing these innate immune responses offers another means to control HIV-1 infection in the human host.
Race Matters: Disproportionality of Incarceration for Drug Dealing in Massachusetts

Many observers have recognized and decried the disproportionate impact on young minority males of harsh sentencing policies for drug dealing. Nationwide, African-Americans and Hispanics constituted 78.2 percent of incarcerated drug offenders in 1996. Their incarceration rates for drug offenses were respectively 17 and 8 times greater than non-Hispanic white rates. The disproportionalities for drug offenses were over twice as wide as the disproportionalities for other types of offenses.1 Scholars have noted the lack of hard data about neighborhood dynamics of arrest and incarceration for drug dealing, but they have nonetheless tended to explain the disproportionate impact on minorities with reference to neighborhood phenomena. This paper uses a mapping of the pre-incarceration residences of drug-dealers incarcerated in state prison in Massachusetts to systematically explore neighborhood and certain other explanations for disproportionate impact.
Rights, responsibilities and refusals: Homelessness policy and the exclusion of single homeless people with complex needs

Since 1977 homelessness legislation in England has offered limited statutory accommodation rights to unintentionally homeless people who are judged to be in priority need and able to demonstrate a local connection. Using data generated in interviews with homeless people and staff working to support them, this paper considers the impact of current homelessness policy and practice and explores how decisions about intentionality, priority need and local connection serve to exacerbate the social exclusion experienced by single homeless people with multiple support needs. It is concluded that a more genuinely inclusive welfare state will only emerge when, and if, policymakers and wider society are able to abandon their current fixation with using welfare policy to punish ‘irresponsible’ behaviour and refocus instead on providing services to adequately meet the basic needs of marginalised people.
Experienced international business traveller’s behaviour in Iran: A partial least squares path modelling analysis

Few researchers have examined travellers’ experience with destinations despite the importance of their attitudes, behaviour and perception in selecting destinations. Current study aims to examine the relationship between risk perceptions, motivation, information source, travel experience and destination image among experienced international business travellers in Iran. The total number of 234 valid questionnaires was collected from international business travellers and structural equation modelling was employed using partial least squares path-modelling analysis to assess measurement and structural model for reflective constructs. Our empirical results support the negative relationship between destination image and risk perception, travel experience and risk perception while information sources were found to be unrelated to travellers risk perceptions. The results further shown that information sources and destination image, information sources and motivation, motivation and travel experience and destination image are related. However, the partial least squares-multigroup analysis results reveal that the significance of path coefficients differs across various demographic subgroups. Moreover, our results support experience and risk perception as a second-order reflective construct. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed along with a discussion on research limitations.
IntCal09 and Marine09 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves, 0–50,000 Years cal BP

The IntCal04 and Marine04 radiocarbon calibration curves have been updated from 12 cal kBP (cal kBP is here defined as thousands of calibrated years before AD 1950), and extended to 50 cal kBP, utilizing newly available data sets that meet the IntCal Working Group criteria for pristine corals and other carbonates and for quantification of uncertainty in both the 14C and calendar timescales as established in 2002. No change was made to the curves from 0–12 cal kBP. The curves were constructed using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) implementation of the random walk model used for IntCal04 and Marine04. The new curves were ratified at the 20th International Radiocarbon Conference in June 2009 and are available in the Supplemental Material at www.radiocarbon. org.
Organizational innovation and performance: The problem of "organizational lag."

Fariborz Damanpour and William M. Evan The organizational lag model, which postulates that a discrepancy exists between the rates of adoption of technical and administrative innovations, is applied to study the -impact of adoption of types of innovation on organizational performance. Four hypotheses were derived from this -model and were tested in a sample of 85 public libraries. It was found that: (1) libraries adopt technical innovations at a faster rate than administrative innovations; (2) administrative and technical innovations have a higher correlation in high-performance organizations than in low-performance organizations; (3) the degree of organizational lag is inversely related to organizational performance; and (4) the adoption of administrative innovations tends to triggerthe adoption of technical innovations more readily than the reverse. ,
Expression of c‐erbB receptors, heregulin and oestrogen receptor in human breast cell lines

Members of the c‐erbB family have been implicated in poor prognosis in breast cancer. Given the propensity for heterodimerisation within the erbB family, the pattern of co‐expression of these receptors is likely to be as functionally important as aberrant expression of any given receptor alone. Therefore, the patterns of expression of the receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R), c‐erbB‐2, c‐erbB‐3, c‐erbB‐4, and one of the erbB ligands, heregulin (HRG), were examined in normal and malignant breast cell lines and compared with expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), a classical indicator of good prognosis. There was an inverse correlation between ER and EGF‐R mRNA levels, as previously described, but no correlation between either of these receptors and c‐erbB‐2. c‐erbB‐3 expression was positively correlated with ER. In contrast, HRG expression was inversely related to ER. Expression of antisense‐ER resulted in increased EGF‐R mRNA, demonstrating a functional link between the expression of these 2 genes, however, there was no significant change in c‐erbB‐2 or c‐erbB‐3 mRNA, suggesting that ER is not directly involved in control of expression of these genes. A comparison of individual erbB receptors and HRG revealed that the majority of lines expressing increased levels of c‐erbB‐2 also expressed elevated levels of c‐erbB‐3 mRNA, and none of the cell lines that expressed both c‐erbB‐2 and either c‐erbB‐3 or c‐erbB‐4 expressed the ligand HRG. In summary, the levels of expression of c‐erbB‐1, ‐2, ‐3, and ‐4 varied in this series of breast cell lines, and the pattern of expression and the relationship of each growth factor receptor to the expression of ER was quite distinct. The lack of expression of HRG in cell lines that express receptors may be indicative of paracrine interactions between erbB ligands and their cognate receptors and may suggest that the ligand and receptors are expressed in different subtypes of breast epithelial cells from which the cell lines are derived. Int. J. Cancer 87:487–498, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards modelling affect and emotions in autonomous agents with recurrent fuzzy systems

In this paper, we present a computational model of the elicitation and the dynamics of affective states in autonomous agents based on fuzzy methodology. Fuzzy logic has been used in computational modelling of affect for 15 years, but has not yet been employed to bridge the particular benefits of fuzzy modelling with dynamical systems approaches to understanding emotions. The information-processing architecture scheme we propose for the calculations which are involved in affective processes can be instantiated in a distributed fashion. This enables `programming' of the agent's affective interpretation of its relationship with its environment with respect to different objects and their behavior towards the agent, as well as its own internal motivational states. In our simulations, we emphasize dynamic properties of affective processes and behaviors resulting therefrom. In addition, we sketch theoretical ideas of internal effects of different affective states that we are currently implementing.
Sport Participation, Psychological Well-Being, and Psychosocial Development in a Group of Young Black Adults

The purpose of this study was to determine whether young black adults who participate in sport differ in psychological well-being and psychosocial development from those who do not participate actively in sport. An availability sample of 293 students between 20 and 35 years old from three tertiary institutions in South Africa completed self-report measures of psychological well-being and psychosocial development. The reliability and validity of the instruments were acceptable for use in this particular group. Students who participate actively in sport had significantly lower levels of negative affect, somatic symptoms, symptoms of depression, and pessimistic life orientation, and significantly higher levels of positive affect, sense of coherence, and self-efficacy beliefs. They also manifested higher levels of purpose and autonomy. Educational and policy implications of the findings are indicated.
Mixture of Arnebia euchroma and Matricaria chamomilla (Marhame-Mafasel) for pain relief of osteoarthritis of the knee – a two-treatment, two-period crossover trial

Introduction Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent chronic non-infective joint arthritis. Because of its chronic disease nature, local drugs are preferred due to lower complications. In the present study, the new herbal pomade Marhame-Mafasel for knee osteoarthritis was used in a double-blind crossover trial. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Marhame-Mafasel pomade, which consists of several medical herbs including Arnebia euchroma and Matricaria chamomilla, in osteoarthritis of the knee. Material and methods This study was a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover trial. Forty-two patients with pain associated with osteoarthritis of the knee (diagnosed by criteria of the European League against Rheumatism and physical examination) were drawn from patients attending the Clinic of Mostafa-Khomeini Hospital. In this study we assessed efficacy (analgesic effect and improved function) of herbal pomade Marhame-Mafasel, which was used locally in patients with primary osteoarthritis of the knee over three weeks. The instrument of the study was the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) LK3.1 standard questionnaires. Results The participants in each group were 21 patients; 30 (71.4%) were women and 12 (28.6%) of them were men. The participants were between 40 and 76 years old. Six patients had mild arthritis, 15 had moderate arthritis and 21 had severe arthritis. The positive analgesic effect of the herbal pomade Marhame-Mafasel in primary knee osteoarthritis was proven. The herbal joint pomade Marhame-Mafasel had a significantly greater mean change in score compared to the placebo group for osteoarthritis severity (p < 0.05). Conclusions Herbal pomade Marhame-Mafasel in comparison to placebo has more effect on reduction of pain of primary knee osteoarthritis.
Audiovisual integration and incidental learning

7 Temporal or spatial correspondence between multisensory signals usually aids perception, memory and learning, but we demonstrate one way in which such correspondence has an opposite, disruptive effect. Stimuli were eightitem sequences in which varying luminances and frequencies were presented concurrently and rapidly (at 8 Hz). Subjects tried to ignore the auditory component of each concurrent sequence, judging only whether the final four items in the accompanying visual sequence identically replicated the first four items. Each sequence’s luminances and frequencies were either perceptually correlated (Congruent) or were randomly related to one another (Incongruent). Experiment One showed that despite encouragement to ignore the auditory stream, what subjects saw was strongly influenced by what they heard. Moreover, the extent of this influence tracked the similarity between a sequence’s separate audio and visual components, revealing that the task-irrelevant auditory sequences had undergone a considerable degree of processing. Using a variant of Hebb’s repetition design, Experiment Two compared musically-trained subjects and subjects who had little or no musical training on the same task as used in Experiment One. Test sequences included some that intermittently and randomly recurred. The auditory component of an audiovisual sequence influenced musically-trained subjects more than it did other subjects. Moreover, recurring sequences produced better performance than sequences that were generated anew for each trial. This result demonstrates that sequence-selective, task-irrelevant learning of sequences can occur even when sequences comprise non-distinctive, homogenous components. (Word count = 7500)