Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-based Geometry Generation for Spur and Helical Gears

Numerical analysis and true 3-D solid models of gear pairs are highly desirable to simulate real working conditions and reduce long and expensive test phases. This article presents methods, within a knowledge-based Automated Concurrent Engineering Software (ACES) for gear design and manufacturing system, for defining the gear tooth profile analytically from basic geometric parameters (diametral pitch, pressure and helix angles, number of teeth and tooth thickness) and determining the coordinates of all points on the working and the fillet portions of the tooth for standard and nonstandard gears, in order to generate FEM models for analysis, through automatic mesh generation and boundary condition assignment and produce a suitable gear construction (3-D model). The involute and trochoid curves can then be plotted on a Cartesian coordinate system emanating at the center of the gear. An accurate description of the tooth geometry and the associated mating-gears model for FEM analysis provide an early estimation of the full stress fields during the design phase, where there is still time to make significant changes. This 3-D solid model provides maximal value to a designer for machining the gear on a standard CNC milling machine without form cutters; far defining tool paths for Electric Discharge Machining (EDM); for rapid prototyping systems and for viewing VRML models. The system has a direct interface with a FEM processor (ANSYS) and a CAD tool (Pro/E). A case study is presented to demonstrate the system functionality with spur and helical gears.
Transportation Modes Classification Using Sensors on Smartphones

This paper investigates the transportation and vehicular modes classification by using big data from smartphone sensors. The three types of sensors used in this paper include the accelerometer, magnetometer, and gyroscope. This study proposes improved features and uses three machine learning algorithms including decision trees, K-nearest neighbor, and support vector machine to classify the user’s transportation and vehicular modes. In the experiments, we discussed and compared the performance from different perspectives including the accuracy for both modes, the executive time, and the model size. Results show that the proposed features enhance the accuracy, in which the support vector machine provides the best performance in classification accuracy whereas it consumes the largest prediction time. This paper also investigates the vehicle classification mode and compares the results with that of the transportation modes.
Stability of Dental Implants in Microvascular Osseous Transplants

&NA; Microvascular iliac crest and scapula transplants have been used in reconstruction of the lower jaw following tumor surgery. It has only been with the insertion of dental implants that a satisfactory prosthetic rehabilitation of the patient has been achieved. For this study, a follow‐up of 38 patients with lower jaw tumors was carried out. The patients had been treated with partial resection of the lower jaw and neck dissection with microvascular iliac crest transplants (n = 20) or microvascular scapula transplants (n = 18); this was followed with dental implants (n = 143) in the region of the transplants or the local lower jaw. One hundred thirty‐nine of the 143 dental implants were loaded by prosthetic superstructures. In all patients, the implant situation was evaluated on average 2 years 5 months after implantation. Periotest values, periimplant probing depths, and contact bleeding were registered, and the extent of periimplant bone loss was defined radiographically. The clinical situation in the region of the implant was compared for both types of implants and also with the nonresected lower jaw. The average Periotest values were within the normal range for all groups. In one scapula implant, however, a better average of Periotesting, ‐ 3.3, was found compared with implants of the iliac crest with Periotest values of ‐0.7. A measurement of ‐2.1 was found for the local lower jaw, similar to that of scapula implants. Pathologic probing depths were found for all three compared groups. The radiographically determined vertical loss of bone was the same for all three groups, on average 1 mm at 27 months postoperatively. The highest incidence of sulcus bleeding was found in the scapula implant group. Thus, it can be stated that the scapula transplants provide a similar transplant site to local lowerjaw bone, whereas implants in iliac crest transplants show lesser bony stability. Periimplant soft‐tissue conditions are worse for both types of transplants compared with local tissue of the lowerjaw. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 109: 916, 2002.)
Factors predictive of the development of Levodopa‐induced dyskinesia and wearing‐off in Parkinson's disease

The Stalevo Reduction in Dyskinesia Evaluation in Parkinson's Disease (STRIDE‐PD) study compared the initiation of levodopa (l‐dopa) therapy with l‐dopa/carbidopa (LC) versus l‐dopa/carbidopa/entacapone (LCE) in patients with Parkinson's disease. In the current study, the STRIDE‐PD study population was investigated to determine the effect of l‐dopa dose and other risk factors on the development of dyskinesia and wearing‐off. Patients were randomized to receive LCE (n=373) or LC (n=372). Blinded assessments for dyskinesia and wearing‐off were performed at 3‐month intervals for the 134‐ to 208‐week duration of the study. The patients were divided into 4 dose groups based on nominal l‐dopa dose at the time of onset of dyskinesia (or at study conclusion if there was no dyskinesia): group 1, <400 mg/day (n=157); group 2, 400 mg/day (n=310); group 3, 401 to 600 mg/day (n=201); and group 4, >600 mg/day (n=77). Similar analyses were performed with respect to wearing‐off and any motor complication. The times to onset and frequency of dyskinesia, wearing‐off, or any motor complication were compared using the log‐rank test (overall trend test) and a Cox proportional hazards model (pairwise comparisons). A stepwise Cox proportional hazards model was used to screen predictive factors in a multivariate analysis. The risk of developing dyskinesia and wearing‐off increased in an l‐dopa dose‐dependent manner (P<0.001 for both). Analyses using l‐dopa equivalent doses produced comparable results. Factors that were predictive of dyskinesia, in rank order, were: young age at onset, higher l‐dopa dose, low body weight, North American geographic region, LCE treatment group, female gender, and more severe Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part II. Multivariate analyses identified similar predictors for wearing‐off but included baseline UPDRS Part III and excluded weight and treatment allocation. The risk of developing dyskinesia or wearing‐off was closely linked to l‐dopa dose. The current results suggest that physicians should use the lowest dose of l‐dopa that provides satisfactory clinical control to minimize the risk of both dyskinesia and wearing‐off. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Analysis of E2 amino acid variants of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 and their associations with lesion grade and HLA DR/DQ type

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and HPV18 E2 amino acid variants and host HLA DR/DQ haplotypes have been identified by direct nucleic acid sequencing from cervical scrapes. HPV16 E2 variants co‐segregate with a nucleotide variant at nt350 (in E6), which previously has been associated with persistent infections. Both HPV16 and HPV18 E2 variants occur relatively more frequently in individuals with HLA DR/DQ haplotypes 0401/0301 and 1101/0301 but are not related to lesion grade. Int. J. Cancer 73:651–655, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic and cultural change in human social behaviour

Menselijk sociaal gedrag verandert door de generaties heen. Deze veranderingen zijn ofwel genetisch ofwel cultureel van aard. Beide kunnen bestudeerd worden als evolutionaire processen, waarbij innovaties zich verspreiden doordat ze tussen individuen worden overgedragen. Dit proefschrift is een exploratie, waarin op verschillende manieren de genetische en culturele evolutie van sociaal gedrag wordt bestudeerd. De hoofdstukken hebben allemaal een evolutionair biologisch perspectief, maar komen contact met verscheidene andere vakgebieden, zoals de psychologie, economie, en antropologie. De eerste drie kernhoofdstukken zijn theoretisch van aard. Deze omvatten een overzichtsartikel van evolutionaire modellen die laten zien hoe evolutie kan leiden tot individuele verschillen, een studie waarin een evolutionair model een mogelijke verklaring geeft voor het conflict tussen ouders en hun nageslacht over partnerkeuze, en een studie waarin een evolutionair model laat zien dat de onderliggende mechanismen van gedrag de uitkomst van sociale evolutie sterk kunnen beinvloeden. De laatste drie kernhoofdstukken presenteren gedragsexperimenten, waarin deelnemers sociale interacties met elkaar aangaan. Twee hiervan laten zien dat mensen verschillen in de soort sociale informatie waarop ze zich richten, en dat dit consequenties heeft voor de uitkomst van sociale interacties waarin mensen moeten kiezen tussen hun eigenbelang en het groepsbelang. De laatste studie laat zien dat individuen op verschillende manieren reageren op variatie in de bereidwilligheid van groepsgenoten om zich in te zetten voor het algemeen belang. Een evolutionair perspectief is onmisbaar om menselijk sociaal gedrag te begrijpen, maar we moeten uitkijken dat we daarbij de directe causatie van gedrag – de psychologie – niet uit het oog verliezen.
The phase‐locking of auditory gamma band responses in humans is sensitive to task processing

The present study assessed the effects of stimulus task-relevance and certainty on early and late 40 Hz (gamma) band responses (GBRs) in humans. Auditory GBRs of nine young adults were recorded in passive listening, simple reaction task, and choice-reaction task (target probability = 0.5) conditions and evaluated in three consecutive post-stimulus periods (0-120, 120-250, 250-400 ms) corresponding to the serial occurrence of gamma oscillation bursts. Amplitude and phase-locking of GBRs within these bursts were analysed separately at the level of single sweeps by applying a method that allows the independent quantification of between-sweep synchronization. Major results showed that the effects of stimulus certainty and task relevance on single response amplitude were specific and different from the effects on the phase-locking. The functional involvement of the early and late auditory gamma responses was distinct: early auditory gamma band responses appear primarily associated with focused attention, while the late gamma responses vary with motor-task relevance. It is concluded that along with power measures, the stability of phase-locking of gamma band responses should be regarded as a functionally meaningful parameter that varies with processing demands and recording site.
The Relationship between Fragile Self-Esteem, Mindfulness, and Hostile Attribution Style

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRAGILE SELF-ESTEEM, MINDFULNESS, AND HOSTILE ATTRIBUTION STYLE by Robyn L. Haertel Advisor: Marian C. Fish, Ph.D. This study aimed to expand upon existing literature pertaining to self-perception, awareness towards the environment, and related attributions. Specifically, mindfulness and self-esteem, as well as the subset of fragile self-esteem, were examined as predictors of a hostile attribution style (HAS). Additionally, self-esteem and fragile self-esteem were investigated as correlates of mindfulness. Undergraduate students from across the country were invited via social media to participate in this online study. A total of 190 students completed four surveys used for data analyses: the Mindful-Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RES; Rosenberg 1965), Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale (CSWS; Crocker et al., 2003), and the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ; Combs et al., 2007). Correlations and hierarchical regression analyses were used to determine whether hostile attribution style varies as a function of self-esteem, self-worth, fragile self-esteem, and mindfulness. Furthermore, a three-step path model was proposed to examine the relationship among the variables. Findings confirmed that increased mindfulness is related to decreased HAS, low self-esteem is related to increased HAS, and high self-esteem is related to increased mindfulness. Self-worth as an added moderator did not support the relationship between selfesteem and mindfulness, and self-esteem and HAS. Additionally, fragile self-esteem did not
Morphological pattern of testicular tumors.

OBJECTIVE To find out the mode of presentation, age distribution and the prevalence of various histological subtypes of testicular tumors. METHOD All consecutive cases of testicular tumors diagnosed in the department of pathology, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, during the period of eight years (1991-98) were included in this study. Relevant clinical details such as age, clinical presentation and side of involvement of the testis were also recorded, where available. RESULTS During the span of eight years (1991-98), 170 cases of testicular tumors were diagnosed at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Most of the tumors were diagnosed in the third and fourth decade of life. Scrotal mass or swelling was the predominant mode of presentation. There was a slight predominance of right-sided testicular tumors. Germ cell tumors constituted 83.5% of all malignant testicular neoplasms. Amongst these seminoma was the most common (36.5%) tumor followed by mixed germ cell tumors (28.82%). Yolk-sac tumor was the commonest testicular neoplasm in children while lymphoma was the predominant neoplasm in the elderly population. CONCLUSION The overall relative frequency of testicular malignancy in this series correlated with that reported in the international literature.
MONDRIAN: Annotating and querying databases through colors and blocks

This paper presents and discusses an annotation-oriented data model for the manipulation and querying of both data and an- notations as proposed by Geerts et al. in the paper "MONDRIAN: An- notating and querying databases through colors and blocks". The model allows the specification of annotations on sets of values, and eective querying the information on their association. Annotations are very im- portant in the curation of scientific databases. Despite their importance, existing data formats and schemas are mostly not designed to support and manage the increasing variety of annotations. Also database manage- ment systems often lack support for storing and querying annotations. A side of the data model, Mondrian, a prototype implementation of the annotation-oriented data model, will be presented.
Motivations for Reading the Left Behind Book Series: A Uses and Gratifications Analysis

ABSTRACT This uses and gratifications study investigates motivations for reading the Left Behind book series and their correlation to media use patterns; religious commitments; and the Conservative Protestant, Mainline, or Catholic Christian background of readers. The survey of 1,188 readers found that sanctified entertainment and “end times” teaching were the top reasons for reading the series. There was a significant positive relationship between religious media use and spiritual growth/development, content reaction, and accuracy. A significant positive relationship was found between religious commitment and content reaction, and religious commitment and biblical accuracy reading motivations. The study revealed different reading motivations among the various denominations, especially Catholics.
Space-form and the acousmatic image

Abstract The analytical discussion of acousmatic music can benefit from being based on spatial concepts, and this article aims to provide a framework for investigation. A personal experience of soundscape listening is the starting point, and uncovers basic ideas relating to the disposition and behaviour of sounding content, and listening strategy. This enables the opening out of the discussion to include source-bonded sounds in general, giving particular consideration to how experience of sense modes other than the aural are implicated in our understanding of space, and in acousmatic listening. Attention then shifts to a source-bonded spatial model based on the production of space by the gestural activity of music performance, prior to focusing in more detail on acousmatic music, initially by delving into spectral space, where ideas about gravitation and diagonal forces are germane. This leads to concepts central to the structuring of perspectival space in relation to the vantage point of the listener. The final section considers a methodology for space-form investigation.
Disgust Sensitivity Relates to Moral Foundations Independent of Political Ideology

Moral judgments seem related to the emotion disgust. Evolutionary considerations might illuminate the psychological processes underlying this relation. Several studies have noted that individuals who are more disgust sensitive condemn moral violations more strongly. However, this association could result from both disgust sensitivity and moral judgment being correlated with political ideology. To clarify the relationship between disgust sensitivity and moral judgment, we analyzed data from multiple published and unpublished datasets that included the Three-Domain Disgust Scale, the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, and a measure of ideology (total N = 2,478). Results showed that associations between disgust sensitivity and moral judgment remained when controlling for ideology. Each of the 3 types of disgust sensitivity uniquely predicted at least 1 of the 5 moral foundations. Moral disgust predicted scores for all moral foundations (largest effect for fairness/reciprocity). Sexual disgust predicted scores for all moral foundations except fairness/reciprocity (largest effect for purity/sanctity). Pathogen disgust had small predictive effects for ingroup/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity. All effects were positive (i.e., higher levels of disgust sensitivity were associated with greater moral foundation endorsement). These findings suggest specific relations between disgust sensitivity and moral judgment that are not explained by ideology, shedding further light on the functions of disgust and morality.
Proceedings of the High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia FIRST REPORT OF ACTIVE RENIN IN RAT AMNIOTIC FLUID

1. Epidemiological studies indicate that a reduced birthweight increases the likelihood of human cardiovascular disease later in life. The role of hormonal factors in this finding is not known. Given that angiotensin II is believed to be a fetal regulator of growth, we have examined in the hypertensive Ren-2 transgenic rat whether it has active renin in its amniotic fluid and whether this is associated with fetal underdevelopment. 2. We found that while the Sprague-Dawley rat contained no active renin in its amniotic fluid near term (20 days), Ren-2 amniotic fluid contains high levels of active renin and is associated with a reduced fetal weight. 3. This is the first report of active renin in the rat and allows the possibility that renin overproduction plays a role in reduced fetal growth and the prenatal ‘programming’of essential hypertension that has been proposed to occur in humans.
Whole-cell clamp of dissociated photoreceptors from the eye of Lima scabra

Voltage-dependent membrane currents were investigated in enzymatically dissociated photoreceptors of Lima scabra using the whole-cell clamp technique. Depolarizing steps to voltages more positive than -10 mV elicit a transient inward current followed by a delayed, sustained outward current. The outward current is insensitive to replacement of a large fraction of extracellular Cl- with the impermeant anion glucuronate. Superfusion with tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine reversibly abolishes the outward current, and internal perfusion with cesium also suppresses it, indicating that it is mediated by potassium channels. Isolation of the inward current reveals a fast activation kinetics, the peak amplitude occurring as early as 4-5 ms after stimulus onset, and a relatively rapid, though incomplete inactivation. Within the range of voltages examined, spanning up to +90 mV, reversal was not observed. The inward current is not sensitive to tetrodotoxin at concentrations up to 10 microM, and survives replacement of extracellular Na with tetramethylammonium. On the other hand, it is completely eliminated by calcium removal from the perfusing solution, and it is partially blocked by submillimolar concentrations of cadmium, suggesting that it is entirely due to voltage-dependent calcium channels. Analysis of the kinetics and voltage dependence of the isolated calcium current indicates the presence of two components, possibly reflecting the existence of separate populations of channels. Barium and strontium can pass through these channels, though less easily than calcium. Both the activation and the inactivation become significantly more sluggish when these ions serve as the charge carrier. A large fraction of the outward current is activated by preceding calcium influx. Suppression of this calcium-dependent potassium current shows a small residual component resembling the delayed rectifier. In addition, a transient outward current sensitive to 4-aminopyridine (Ia) could also be identified. The relevance of such conductance mechanisms in the generation of the light response in Lima photoreceptors is discussed.
Teleo-Reactive Programs for Agent Control

A formalism is presented for computing and organizing actions for autonomous agents in dynamic environments. We introduce the notion of teleo-reactive (T-R) programs whose execution entails the construction of circuitry for the continuous computation of the parameters and conditions on which agent action is based. In addition to continuous feedback, T-R programs support parameter binding and recursion. A primary difference between T-R programs and many other circuit-based systems is that the circuitry of T-R programs is more compact; it is constructed at run time and thus does not have to anticipate all the contingencies that might arise over all possible runs. In addition, T-R programs are intuitive and easy to write and are written in a form that is compatible with automatic planning and learning methods. We briefly describe some experimental applications of T-R programs in the control of simulated and actual mobile robots.
Selfies, therefore Selfish? An Experiment on the Impact and Value of a Selfie

We investigate whether taking a selfie affects our willingness to cooperate and what factors affect our willingness to publish certain information on the web. Consistent with behavioral addiction theories, taking a selfie has a strong negative impact on cooperation among subjects who take selfies frequently, but not on other subjects. We also find that adding a selfie to information about the subject's degree of cooperation will increase the subject's unwillingness to publish her information. This selfie premium is significantly negatively correlated with the subject's degree of cooperation. Furthermore, we find lower heterogeneity in the premium demanded for publishing a subject's degree of cooperation when it is accompanied by a selfie, as subjects become less concerned about hiding or promoting their contribution. (Less)