Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling X-Linked Ancestral Origins in Multiparental Populations

The models for the mosaic structure of an individual’s genome from multiparental populations have been developed primarily for autosomes, whereas X chromosomes receive very little attention. In this paper, we extend our previous approach to model ancestral origin processes along two X chromosomes in a mapping population, which is necessary for developing hidden Markov models in the reconstruction of ancestry blocks for X-linked quantitative trait locus mapping. The model accounts for the joint recombination pattern, the asymmetry between maternally and paternally derived X chromosomes, and the finiteness of population size. The model can be applied to various mapping populations such as the advanced intercross lines (AIL), the Collaborative Cross (CC), the heterogeneous stock (HS), the Diversity Outcross (DO), and the Drosophila synthetic population resource (DSPR). We further derive the map expansion, density (per Morgan) of recombination breakpoints, in advanced intercross populations with L inbred founders under the limit of an infinitely large population size. The analytic results show that for X chromosomes the genetic map expands linearly at a rate (per generation) of two-thirds times 1 – 10/(9L) for the AIL, and at a rate of two-thirds times 1 – 1/L for the DO and the HS, whereas for autosomes the map expands at a rate of 1 – 1/L for the AIL, the DO, and the HS.
The Proper Treatment of Symbols in a Connectionist Architecture

A foundational principle of modern cognitive science is the Physical Symbol System hypothesis, which states simply that human cognition is the product of a physical symbol system (PSS). A symbol is a pattern that denotes something else; a symbol system is a set of symbols that can be composed into more complex structures by a set of relations. The term " physical " conveys that a symbol system can and must be realized in some physical way in order to create intelligence. The physical basis may be the circuits of an electronic computer, the neural substrate of a thinking biological organism, or in principle anything else that could implement a Turing machine-like computing device. The PSS hypothesis, which implies that structured mental representations are central to human intelligence, was for some time uncontroversial, accepted by most cognitive scientists as an axiom of the field scarcely in need of either theoretical analysis or direct empirical support. In the mid-1980s, however, the hypothesis came under sharp attack from some proponents of connectionist models of cognition, particularly the advocates of models in the style of " parallel many others; see Marcus, 1997, for a review). The representations used in such models are often described as " subsymbolic " because the elementary units correspond to (relatively) low-level features, over which meaningful concepts are represented in a distributed fashion. In so far as models based on "subsymbolic" representations are actually non-symbolic, yet adequate as accounts of human intelligence, the need for symbol systems would be eliminated; hence models of this general class constitute "eliminative" connectionism (Pinker & Prince, 1988). Eliminative connectionism offers a direct challenge to the PSS hypothesis, thereby transforming the latter from an axiom of cognitive science into a controversial theoretical position, which has been vigorously Regardless of whether models based on distributed representations provide genuine alternatives to physical symbol systems, it is apparent that they have attractive properties as possible algorithmic accounts of cognition. Discrete symbols represent entities in an "all-or-none" fashion, thereby violating the principle of least commitment (e.g., using the presence or absence of the symbol "dog" to represent the presence or absence of a dog affords no direct basis for expressing inconclusive evidence that there may be a dog). Discrete symbols also fail to express the semantic content of the represented entities (e.g., the symbols "dog" and "cat" do not signify what dogs and
Orthogonal Decomposition and Packing of Complete Graphs

An H-decomposition of a graph G is a partition of the edge-set of G into subsets, where each subset induces a copy of the graph H. A k-orthogonal H-decomposition of a graph G is a set of k H-decompositions of G, such that any two copies of H in distinct H-decompositions intersect in at most one edge. In case G=Kn and H=Kr, a k-orthogonal Kr-decomposition of Kn is called an (n, r, k) completely reducible super-simple design. We prove that for any two fixed integers r and k, there exists N=N(k, r) such that for every n>N, if Kn has a Kr-decomposition, then Kn also has an (n, r, k) completely-reducible super-simple design. If Kn does not have a Kr-decomposition, we show how to obtain a k-orthogonal optimalKr-packing of Kn. Complexity issues of k-orthogonal H-decompositions are also treated.
Sea Surface Manifestation of Along-Tidal-Channel Underwater Ridges Imaged by SAR

A group of submerged ocean bottom sand ridges in the Bohai Sea, China, are shown in RADARSAT-1 and ENVISAT synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The sand ridges appear as fingerlike quasi-linear features in the SAR images. Examining the detailed local bathymetry chart, we find that these features coincide with the satellite images. The heights of the sand ridges are less than 10 m, and the water depth is between 10 and 30 m. The spacing of the sand ridges is about 10 km, and the length of the sand ridges is about 20 km. The same sand ridges are also visible on a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) true-color image. The semidiurnal and diurnal tidal currents in this area are almost parallel to the major axis of these sand ridges. These observations cannot be explained using the existing 1-D SAR imaging model, which is not applicable to sand ridges parallel to the tidal current. In this paper, we consider the shallow-water current bathymetry in a 2-D space. An analytical ocean model was applied to demonstrate the temporal variations of the current divergence and convergence that are induced by the along-sand-ridge-direction current and ridge interaction. A radar simulation model is used to simulate the variation of normalized radar cross section (NRCS) induced by the ocean surface current. The simulated NRCS variation is similar to that extracted from the calibrated SAR image. Simulation results also show that the NRCS variation becomes negligible when the ocean current is set to about half of the maximum tidal current.
Benchmarking web site functions

Purpose – To measure, classify and compare web site functions' development.Design/methodology/approach – The objectives were achieved by developing a methodology to measure, classify and compare web site functions development. The measurement was based on the presence (or absence) of 91 web site components. The classification was achieved using an applied correspondence analysis. The comparison was performed with respect to 4,485 company web sites from two provinces in Canada. A formal procedure involving 50 assistants was developed to collect data over 5,000 sites within a month period and a conceptual model was developed to interpret results.Findings – Findings show that web site functions development could be described on a three dimensional space, the three axes corresponding to directions of development. The development status of the whole sample appeared as a cone in which five classes (or categories) of web sites could be identified and described with respect to their development profile. The devel.
Automatic restoration of underwater monocular sequences of images

Underwater environments present a considerable challenge for computer vision, since water is a scattering medium with substantial light absorption characteristics which is made even more severe by turbidity. This poses significant problems for visual underwater navigation, object detection, tracking and recognition. Previous works tackle the problem by using unreliable priors or expensive and complex devices. This paper adopts a physical underwater light attenuation model which is used to enhance the quality of images and enable the applicability of traditional computer vision techniques images acquired from underwater scenes. The proposed method simultaneously estimates the attenuation parameter of the medium and the depth map of the scene to compute the image irradiance thus reducing the effect of the medium in the images. Our approach is based on a novel optical flow method, which is capable of dealing with scattering media, and a new technique that robustly estimates the medium parameters. Combined with structure-from-motion techniques, the depth map is estimated and a model-based restoration is performed. The method was tested both with simulated and real sequences of images. The experimental images were acquired with a camera mounted on a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) navigating in a naturally lit, shallow seawater. The results show that the proposed technique allows for substantial restoration of the images, thereby improving the ability to identify and match features, which in turn is an essential step for other computer vision algorithms such as object detection and tracking, and autonomous navigation.
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to IV non-ionic iodinated contrast in computed tomography

Background With use of computed tomography (CT), intravenous contrast media is used routinely to help define anatomy and identify any pathology. Non-ionic iodinated contrast agents have largely replaced ionic agents and although rare, reactions to contrast are still important and more so with the continual increase in CT examinations in the last decade. Objective To examine the incidence, severity and risk factors of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to intravenous non-ionic iodinated contrast in CT. Methods Data of consecutive patients in an Australian tertiary hospital who developed immediate hypersensitivity reactions to intravenous iopromide during CT were collected and compared with the results of all contrast CTs performed over a four year period. Chi-square statistics and odds ratio are calculated on the variables of age, gender, referral source and seasons of the study. Results Forty-seven patients had immediate hypersensitivity reactions of 29,962 patients who underwent contrast CT (0.16%). Thirty-three patients (70%) had a mild reaction, 11 (23%) moderate and three (7%) severe. Sixteen (34%) were male and 31 (66%) were female. Sixty-eight percent were under 55-years of age. Reactions occurred in 0.35% (34 patients) of all outpatients, 0.07% (6 patients) of all emergency patients, and 0.06% (7 patients) of all in-patients. Eighteen (38%) occurred in spring, seven (15%) in summer, 17 (36%) in autumn and five (11%) in winter. There is a statistically significant higher risk of contrast reactions in females (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.41 p = 0.005), patients younger than 55-years old (OR 2.46, p = 0.005), outpatients (OR 5.42, p < 0.001) and CTs performed in spring and autumn (OR 2.77, p = 0.002). Conclusion The incidence of immediate hypersensitivity reactions in contrast CT is low and mostly mild. Risk factors include female, younger than 55-years of age, outpatients and CT examinations performed in spring and autumn. This is the first study to observe such a seasonal variation.
Education pour le Développement Durable (EDD) et compétences des élèves dans l'enseignement secondaire

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Education pour le Développement Durable (EDD) et compétences des élèves dans l’enseignement secondaire Pierre Clément, Silvia Caravita
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Linguistic Context and the Priming of Semantic Information Linguistic Context and the Priming of Semantic Information

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Two experiments were carried out to demonstrate that linguistic context (in the form of a sentence) influences the interpretation of unambiguous words. Experiment I established that subjects read a sentence which primes a particular aspect of the meaning of one of the words it contains faster than they read a sentence which primes no particular aspect of the word's meaning. It also showed that subjects produce semantic characteristics of the word faster following the priming sentence than following the sentence that primes no particular semantic component. Experiment I1 corroborated these results using a task in which subjects read a sentence and then answered a question about the meaning of a word that occurred in it. Given a particular question, responses were faster when it followed a sentence that primed a characteristic relevant to the question than when it followed a sentence that primed no particular characteristic of the word. Responses were reliably sIowest when the question followed a sentence that primed a characteristic that was not relevant to the question. Semantic priming is known to affect the identification of words and their disambiguation; the present study confirms that it also affects the specific interpretation of words.
On the prime factorization of binomial coefficients

Abstract For positive integers n and k, with n≥2k, let , where each prime factor of u is less than k, and each prime factor of v is at least equal to k. It is shown that u<v holds with just 12 exceptions, which are determined. If , where each prime factor of U is at most equal to k, and each prime factor of V is greater than k, then U<V holds with at most finitely many exceptions, 19 of which are determined. It is conjectured that there are no others.
The Rate-Based Execution Model

We present a new task model for the real-time execution of event-driven tasks in which no a priori characterization of the actual arrival rates of events is known; only the expected arrival rates of events is known. We call this new task model rate-based execution (RBE), and it is a generalization of the common sporadic task model. The RBE model is motivated naturally by distributed multimedia and digital signal processing applications. We identify necessary and sufficient conditions for determining the feasibility of an RBE task set, and an optimal scheduling algorithm (based on preemptive earliest-deadline-first (EDF) scheduling) for scheduling the execution of an RBE task set. With respect to the class of workconserving scheduling algorithms (i.e., the class of scheduling algorithms that schedule without inserting idle time in the schedule), we present necessary and sufficient feasibility conditions and optimal algorithms for non-preemptive scheduling and preemptive scheduling with shared resources.
Transcriptional regulation of SlPYL, SlPP2C, and SlSnRK2 gene families encoding ABA signal core components during tomato fruit development and drought stress

In order to characterize the potential transcriptional regulation of core components of abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction in tomato fruit development and drought stress, eight SlPYL (ABA receptor), seven SlPP2C (type 2C protein phosphatase), and eight SlSnRK2 (subfamily 2 of SNF1-related kinases) full-length cDNA sequences were isolated from the tomato nucleotide database of NCBI GenBank. All SlPYL, SlPP2C, and SlSnRK2 genes obtained are homologous to Arabidopsis AtPYL, AtPP2C, and AtSnRK2 genes, respectively. Based on phylogenetic analysis, SlPYLs and SlSnRK2s were clustered into three subfamilies/subclasses, and all SlPP2Cs belonged to PP2C group A. Within the SlPYL gene family, SlPYL1, SlPYL2, SlPYL3, and SlPYL6 were the major genes involved in the regulation of fruit development. Among them, SlPYL1 and SlPYL2 were expressed at high levels throughout the process of fruit development and ripening; SlPYL3 was strongly expressed at the immature green (IM) and mature green (MG) stages, while SlPYL6 was expressed strongly at the IM and red ripe (RR) stages. Within the SlPP2C gene family, the expression of SlPP2C, SlPP2C3, and SlPP2C4 increased after the MG stage; SlPP2C1 and SlPP2C5 peaked at the B3 stage, while SlPP2C2 and SlPP2C6 changed little during fruit development. Within the SlSnRK2 gene family, the expression of SlSnRK2.2, SlSnRK2.3, SlSnRK2.4, and SlSnRK2C was higher than that of other members during fruit development. Additionally, most SlPYL genes were down-regulated, while most SlPP2C and SlSnRK2 genes were up-regulated by dehydration in tomato leaf.
Does Family History Moderate the Relationship Between Parental Modeling and Parental Approval on College Drinking

Heavy drinking among the college age population is a prevalent health problem. Current research has examined predictors of heavy alcohol consumption among college students. Parent influences and family history of alcohol problems have been identified as predictors of college drinking. However, the extent to which family history of alcoholism might moderate the relationship between parent influences and college student drinking has yet to be examined. The aims of the current study were to 1) examine parent influences as predictors of high risk college drinking and 2) find how the presence of family history influences the aforementioned relationships. Participants were randomly selected incoming first year students (N=1901) at a large, public mid-Atlantic university. Students received baseline surveys the summer before entering college, where they were asked to report on parental modeling, parental approval, and family history of alcohol problems. During the second survey (15 months after the initial survey) students reported on their typical weekly drinking and alcohol related consequences. The results showed increased father and mother modeling reported at baseline were associated with more drinking and alcohol-related physical consequences. Parental approval of moderate and heavy drinking were associated with more drinking and alcohol-related physical consequences in college students. Family history was shown to moderate the relationship between father modeling and drinking such that father modeling was more strongly related to drinking when family history was not present. Family history also was observed to moderate the relationship between both parental approval (of moderate and heavy) drinking and the amount of college drinking. Parental approval of moderate drinking and parental approval of heavy drinking were each more strongly related when there was family history present. This is one of the first studies to examine how family history moderates the relationships between parental influences and college student drinking, and these findings have important implications for prevention strategies.
Capital Structure and Product Market Behavior: An Examination of Plant Exit and Investment Decisions

We examine whether sharp debt increases through leveraged buyouts and recapitalizations interact with market structure to influence plant closing and investment decisions of recapitalizing firms and their rivals. We take into account the fact that recapitalizations and investment decisions are both endogenous and may be simultaneously influenced by the same exogenous events. Following their recapitalizations, firms in industries with high concentration are more likely to close plants and less likely to invest. Rival firms are less likely to close plants and more likely to invest when the market share of leveraged firms is higher. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
Decreased Cognitive Functioning In Depression: A Result Of Inherent Deficits Or A By-Product Of Emotion Regulation?

Past research has found that depression is associated with both increased rumination and decreased memory ability. Some researchers think rumination may increase cognitive load and consequently might impair memory ability directly. The purpose of the present study was to determine if rumination might cause memory deficits found in depression. In this study, 100 young adult participants were asked to verbally describe a recent emotionally upsetting negative event to the experimenter. Afterwards, participants were randomly assigned to either ruminate (rumination condition) or were given no further instruction (control condition). All participants then completed parts of the Wechsler Memory Scale – Fourth Edition (WMS-IV) to measure verbal and visual memory. Participants also completed several questionnaires, including the Beck Depression Inventory-II to measure depressive symptoms and the Ruminative Response Scale to measure habitual rumination. Contrary to the hypothesis, there were no significant differences in visual or verbal memory scores between the rumination and control conditions, and depressive symptoms did not moderate the effect. In addition, and in contrast to previous literature, there was no relationship between depression and memory performance, and a small positive correlation between memory and habitual rumination. These results suggest that rumination may not be as cognitively harmful as previously theorized.
Kv 4 potassium channel subunits control action potential repolarization and frequency-dependent broadening in rat hippocampal CA 1 pyramidal neurones

2005;569;41-57; originally published online Sep 1, 2005; J. Physiol. Jinhyun Kim, Dong-Sheng Wei and Dax A. Hoffman frequency-dependent broadening in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurones Kv4 potassium channel subunits control action potential repolarization and This information is current as of October 24, 2007 publication unless article is open access. This version of the article may not be posted on a public website for 12 months after http://jp.physoc. org/cgi/content/full/569/1/41 This is the final published version of this article; it is available at: JournalsRights@oxon.blackwellpublishing. com Publishing: publication. No part of this article may be reproduced without the permission of Blackwell articles are free 12 months after The Journal of Physiology Online . http://jp.physoc. org/subscriptions/ go to: The Journal of Physiology Online published continuously since 1878. To subscribe to is the official journal of The Physiological Society. It has been The Journal of Physiology Online