Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overqualification: permanent or transitory?

This article analyses job mismatches in Switzerland based on a subjective measure of overqualification. According to job search and job matching theories, overqualification is a transitory problem. Other theories show that overqualification can also be of a permanent nature. We test the perpetuity of overeducation using panel data from the first eight waves of the Swiss Household Panel (SHP) covering the period 1999 to 2006. Our empirical analysis reveals little evidence for lasting rigidities that would cause permanent job mismatches. Rather, spells of overqualification are relatively short: about half of all individuals who were overqualified in a given year had an adequate job match 1 year later. While a short duration of overqualification would be consistent with job search and job matching theories, our observation that the probability of a job mismatch does not significantly decrease with experience is at odds with these theories. Our article provides an alternative explanation for this phenomenon: the constant accumulation of experience and qualifications throughout a worker's career implies that, for a good job match to be maintained, qualification-specific job requirements must increase as the worker ages. If this does not occur, even older workers face a risk of becoming overqualified.
The Effect of SEC Reviewers on Comment Letters and Financial Reporting Quality

We examine whether the idiosyncrasy of individual employees of U.S. financial regulators contributes to inconsistent regulatory outcomes. Using a sample of SEC comment letters, we show that SEC reviewers’ idiosyncratic style plays an economically and statistically significant role in explaining the cross-sectional variation in filing review outcomes, even after holding firm and disclosure attributes constant. We also show that the reviewer style is persistent across firms and time. Finally, we find that reviewers with a stricter style are associated with improved financial reporting quality. These findings suggest that individual SEC reviewers have significant influence on the SEC filing review process.
Ubisol-Q10 Prevents Glutamate-Induced Cell Death by Blocking Mitochondrial Fragmentation and Permeability Transition Pore Opening

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are the major events that lead to the formation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) during glutamate-induced cytotoxicity and cell death. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has widely been used for the treatment of mitochondrial disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Comparing to traditional lipid-soluble CoQ10, water soluble CoQ10 (Ubisol-Q10) has high intracellular and intra-mitochondrial distribution. The aims of the present study are to determine the neuroprotective effects of Ubisol-Q10 on glutamate-induced cell death and to explore its functional mechanisms. HT22 neuronal cells were exposed to glutamate. Cell viability was measured and mitochondrial fragmentation was assessed by mitochondrial imaging. The mPTP opening was determined by mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium retention capacity. The results revealed that the anti-glutamate toxicity effects of Ubisol-Q10 was associated with its ability to block mitochondrial fragmentation, to maintain calcium retention capacity and mitochondrial membrane potential, and to prevent mPTP formation, AIF release, and DNA fragmentation. We concluded that Ubisol-Q10 protects cells from glutamate toxicity by preserving the integrity of mitochondrial structure and function. Therefore, adequate CoQ10 supplementation may be beneficial in preventing cerebral stroke and other disorders that involve mitochondrial dysfunction.
Simulation of large ad hoc networks

This research was supported, in part, by the NCCR "Mobile Information and Communication Systems", a research program of the Swiss National Science Foundation, and by a gift from the Microprocessor Research Lab (MRL) of Intel Corp.An ad hoc network is formed by wireless mobile nodes (hosts) that operate as terminals as well as routers in the network, without any centralized administration. Research in ad hoc networks often involves simulators since management and operation of a large number of nodes is expensive. However, the widely used simulator NS-2 does not scale; it is very hard to simulate medium scale networks with 100+ nodes. We describe here improvements to NS-2 to meet the needs of large ad hoc network simulations. The modified NS-2 simulator is based on the idea of exploiting the limited interference of wireless communication. The modified simulator has simulated populations of up to 3000 nodes so far and works up to 30 times faster than the original version. We also discuss how the modified simulator is validated.
Cancer incidence rates in Turkey in 2006: a detailed registry based estimation.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed report on cancer incidence in Turkey, a relatively large country with a population of 72 million. We present the estimates of the cancer burden in Turkey for 2006, calculated using data from the eight population based cancer registries which have been set up in selected provinces representative of sociodemographic patterns in their regions. METHODS We calculated age specific and age adjusted incidence rates (AAIR-world standard population) for each of registries separately. We assigned a weighting coefficient for each registry proportional to the population size of the region which the registry represents. RESULTS We pooled a total of 24,428 cancers (14,581 males, 9,847 females). AAIRs per 100 000 were: 210.1 in men and 129.4 in women for all cancer sites excluding non-melanoma skin cancer. The AAIR per 100 000 men was highest for lung cancer (60.3) followed by prostate (22.8), bladder (19.6), stomach (16.3) and colo-rectal (15.4) cancers. Among women the rate per 100 000 was highest for breast cancer (33.7) followed by colorectal (11.5), stomach (8.8), thyroid (8.8) and lung (7.7). The most striking findings about the cancer incidence in the provinces were the high incidence rates for stomach and esophageal cancers in Erzurum and high stomach cancer incidence rates in Trabzon for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS We are thus able to present the most accurate and realistic estimations for cancer incidence in Turkey so far. Lung, prostate, bladder, stomach, colorectal, larynx cancers in men and breast, colorectal, stomach, thyroid, lung, corpus uteri cancers in women are the leading cancers respectively. This figure shows us tobacco related cancers, lung, bladder and larynx, predominate in men. Concurrently, we analyzed the data for each province separately, giving us the opportunity to present the differences in cancer patterns among provinces. The high incidences of stomach and esophageal cancers in East and high incidence of stomach cancer in Northeast regions are remarkable.
HALO OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION MODELING OF CLUSTERING OF LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES

We perform halo occupation distribution (HOD) modeling to interpret small-scale and intermediate-scale clustering of 35,000 luminous early-type galaxies and their cross-correlation with a reference imaging sample of normal L* galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The modeling results show that most of these luminous red galaxies (LRGs) are central galaxies residing in massive halos of typical mass M∼ a few times 1013–1014 h−1 M☉, while a few percent of them have to be satellites within halos in order to produce the strong auto-correlations exhibited on smaller scales. The mean luminosity Lc of central LRGs increases with the host halo mass, with a rough scaling relation of Lc ∝ M0.5. The halo mass required to host on average one satellite LRG above a luminosity threshold is found to be about 10 times higher than that required to host a central LRG above the same threshold. We find that in massive halos the distribution of L* galaxies roughly follows that of the dark matter and their mean occupation number scales with halo mass as M1.5. The HOD modeling results also allow for an intuitive understanding of the scale-dependent luminosity dependence of the cross-correlation between LRGs and L* galaxies. Constraints on the LRG HOD provide tests for models of formation and evolution of massive galaxies, and they are also useful for cosmological parameter investigations. In one of the appendices, we provide LRG HOD parameters with dependence on cosmology inferred from modeling the two-point auto-correlation functions of LRGs.
Genetic Variation in the Plasmodium falciparum Circumsporozoite Protein in India and Its Relevance to RTS,S Malaria Vaccine

RTS,S is the most advanced malaria vaccine candidate, currently under phase-III clinical trials in Africa. This Plasmodium falciparum vaccine contains part of the central repeat region and the complete C-terminal T cell epitope region (Th2R and Th3R) of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP). Since naturally occurring polymorphisms at the vaccine candidate loci are critical determinants of the protective efficacy of the vaccines, it is imperative to investigate these polymorphisms in field isolates. In this study we have investigated the genetic diversity at the central repeat, C-terminal T cell epitope (Th2R and Th3R) and N-terminal T cell epitope regions of the CSP, in P. falciparum isolates from Madhya Pradesh state of India. These isolates were collected through a 5-year prospective study aimed to develop a well-characterized field-site for the future evaluation of malaria vaccine in India. Our results revealed that the central repeat (63 haplotypes, n = 161) and C-terminal Th2R/Th3R epitope (24 haplotypes, n = 179) regions were highly polymorphic, whereas N-terminal non-repeat region was less polymorphic (5 haplotypes, n = 161) in this population. We did not find any evidence of the role of positive natural selection in maintaining the genetic diversity at the Th2R/Th3R regions of CSP. Comparative analysis of the Th2R/Th3R sequences from this study to the global isolates (n = 1160) retrieved from the GenBank database revealed two important points. First, the majority of the sequences (∼61%, n = 179) from this study were identical to the Dd2/Indochina type, which is also the predominant Th2R/Th3R haplotype in Asia (∼59%, n = 974). Second, the Th2R/Th3R sequences in Asia, South America and Africa are geographically distinct with little allele sharing between continents. In conclusion, this study provides an insight on the existing polymorphisms in the CSP in a parasite population from India that could potentially influence the efficacy of RTS,S vaccine in this region.
The dust obscuration bias in damped Lyman α systems

We present a new study of the effects of quasar obscuration on the statistics of Damped Ly α (DLA) systems. We show that the extinction of any Galactic or extragalactic H i region, Aλ, increases linearly with the column density of zinc, with a turning point ∂Aλ/∂(logNZn) = 1, above which background sources are suddenly obscured. We derive a relation Aλ = Aλ(NH,Z,z) between the extinction of a DLA system and its H i column density, NH, metallicity, Z, fraction of iron in dust, fFe(Z), and redshift, z. From this relation we estimate the fraction of DLA systems missed as a consequence of their own extinction in magnitude-limited surveys. We derive a method for recovering the true frequency distributions of NH and Z in DLAs, fNH and fZ, using the biased distributions measured in the redshift range where the observations have sufficient statistics (1.8 ≤ z ≤ 3). By applying our method we find that the well-known empirical thresholds of DLA column densities, NZn < 10 13.1 atoms cm −2 and NHi < 10 22 atoms cm −2 , can be successfully explained in terms of the obscuration effect without tuning of the local dust parameters. The obscuration has a modest effect on the distribution of quasar apparent magnitudes, but plays an important role in shaping the statistical distributions of DLAs. The exact estimate of the bias is still limited by the paucity of the data (� 40 zinc measurements at 1.8 ≤ z ≤ 3). We find that the fraction of DLAs missed as a consequence of obscuration is ∼30% to 50%, consistent with the results of surveys of radio-selected quasars. By modelling the metallicity distribution with a Schechter function we find that the mean metallicity can be ∼ 5t o 6 times higher than the value commonly reported for DLAs at z ∼ 2.3.
For Groups the Property of Having Finite Derivation Type is Equivalent to the Homological Finiteness Condition FP_3

The homological finiteness propertyFP3and the combinatorial property of having finite derivation type are both necessary conditions for finitely presented monoids to admit finite convergent presentations. For monoids in general, the property of having finite derivation type implies the propertyFP3, and there even exist finitely presented monoids that areFP3, but that do not have finite derivation type (Cremanns and Otto, 1994). Here, contrasting this result, we show that for groups these two properties are equivalent. The proof is based on the result that a groupG, which is given through a finite presentation 〈X; R〉 has finite derivation type if and only if the ZG-module of identities among relations that is associated with 〈X; R〉 is finitely generated. This result, which was announced in (Cremanns and Otto, 1994), is proved in a conceptually simple manner, greatly improving upon the original proof that was only outlined in (Cremanns and Otto, 1994). Then, using elementary algebraic arguments we derive our main result without using much of homology theory, thus making the proof easily accessible to computer scientists and mathematicians with some background in algebra and rewriting theory.
Índices estadísticos de modelos bifactor

Many instruments are created with the primary purpose of scaling individuals on a single trait. However psychological traits are often complex and contain domain specific manifestations. As such, many instruments produce data that are consistent with both unidimensional and multidimensional structures. Unfortunately, oftentimes, applied researchers make determinations about the final structure based solely on fit indices obtained from structural equation models. Given that fit indices generally favor the bifactor model over competing measurement models it is imperative that researchers make use of the available information the bifactor has to offer in order to compute informative indices including omega reliability coefficients, construct reliability, explained common variance, and percentage of uncontaminated correlations. Said indices provide unique information about the strength of both the general and specific factors in order to draw conclusions about dimensionality and overall scoring of scales (and subscales). Herein, we describe these indices and offer a new module which easily facilitates their computation.
Knowledge Sharing and Dissemination among Academics in Nigerian Universities: Patterns and Trends

The paper investigates the phenomenon of knowledge sharing among academic staff in the four Nigerian universities, namely Bayero University, Kano; University of Maiduguri; University of Ibadan; and University of Porthacourt. The quantitative approach was used in the study to randomly administer questionnaire on three hundred and sixty four (364) academic staff in the four universities. The study found the evidence of knowledge sharing among academics in the four universities through workshops, seminars and conferences, membership of professional associations/societies and readiness to share knowledge and other resources with colleagues. The study serves as springboard for Universities and their lecturers in Nigeria to re-evaluate and re-strategise the present scenario, particularly regarding use of modern technologies to increase awareness, communication and networking for improved research and teaching activities, since knowledge sharing is a critical factor in the survival of educational institutions across the globe.
The University of Amsterdam at the TREC 2007 Blog Track

We describe our participation in the TREC 2007 Blog track. In the opinion task we looked at the differences in performance between Indri and our mixture model, the influence of external expansion and document priors to improve opinion finding; results show that an out-of-the-box Indri implementation out- performs our mixture model, and that external expan- sion on a news corpus is very benificial. Opinion find- ing can be improved using either lexicons or number of comments as document priors. In our approach to the feed distillation task we integrated time-based and frequency aspects into the retrieval model; we find that time-based retrieval improves results slightly, while frequency-based retrieval results in substantial improve- ments under the right circumstances.
I/O efficient algorithms for serial and parallel suffix tree construction

Over the past three decades, the suffix tree has served as a fundamental data structure in string processing. However, its widespread applicability has been hindered due to the fact that suffix tree construction does not scale well with the size of the input string. With advances in data collection and storage technologies, large strings have become ubiquitous, especially across emerging applications involving text, time series, and biological sequence data. To benefit from these advances, it is imperative that we have a scalable suffix tree construction algorithm. The past few years have seen the emergence of several disk-based suffix tree construction algorithms. However, construction times continue to be daunting—for example, indexing the entire human genome still takes over 30 hours on a system with 2 gigabytes of physical memory. In this article, we will empirically demonstrate and argue that all existing suffix tree construction algorithms have a severe limitation—to glean reasonable disk I/O efficiency, the input string being indexed must fit in main memory. This limitation is attributed to the poor locality exhibited by existing suffix tree construction algorithms and inhibits both sequential and parallel scalability. To deal with this limitation, we will show that through careful algorithm design, one of the simplest suffix tree construction algorithms can be rearchitected to build a suffix tree in a tiled manner, allowing the execution to operate within a fixed main memory budget when indexing strings of any size. We will also present a parallel extension of our algorithm that is designed for massively parallel systems like the IBM Blue Gene. An experimental evaluation will show that the proposed approach affords an improvement of several orders of magnitude in serial performance when indexing large strings. Furthermore, the proposed parallel extension is shown to be scalable—it is now possible to index the entire human genome on a 1024 processor IBM Blue Gene system in under 15 minutes.
Localization for intelligent vehicle by fusing mono-camera, low-cost GPS and map data

The localization of intelligent vehicle is an important research topic in the field of intelligent transportation systems. This paper proposes a new vehicle localization method by fusing mono-camera, low-cost GPS and map data. The basic idea is: a possible position range of the vehicle is determined by fusing low-cost GPS output and the map data; Lateral spatial information for high-accuracy localization is provided frequently by vision based lane detection module; both longitudinal and lateral spatial information for high accuracy localization is provided by vision based traffic sign detection module. The proposed method is economically feasible, is reliable and does not need any construction work or change on current traffic environments. Simulation based experiments have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method in achieving high-accuracy localization result (accuracy of centimeter-level) and have also shown apparent better performance of the proposed method over the performance of former method which is similar to the proposed method.
Controllability Analysis and Control Synthesis for the Ribosome Flow Model

The ribosomal density along different parts of the coding regions of the mRNA molecule affects various fundamental intracellular phenomena including: protein production rates, global ribosome allocation and organismal fitness, ribosomal drop off, co-translational protein folding, mRNA degradation, and more. Thus, regulating translation in order to obtain a <italic>desired</italic> ribosomal profile along the mRNA molecule is an important biological problem. We study this problem by using a dynamical model for mRNA translation, called the ribosome flow model (RFM). In the RFM, the mRNA molecule is modeled as an ordered chain of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="tuller-ieq1-2707420.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> sites. The RFM includes <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="tuller-ieq2-2707420.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> state-variables describing the ribosomal density profile along the mRNA molecule, and the transition rates from each site to the next are controlled by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n+1$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="tuller-ieq3-2707420.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> positive constants. To study the problem of controlling the density profile, we consider some or all of the transition rates as time-varying controls. We consider the following problem: given an initial and a desired ribosomal density profile in the RFM, determine the time-varying values of the transition rates that steer the system to the desired density profile, if they exist. More specifically, we consider two control problems. In the first, all transition rates can be regulated separately, and the goal is to steer the ribosomal density profile and the protein production rate from a given initial value to a desired value. In the second problem, one or more transition rates are jointly regulated by a single scalar control, and the goal is to steer the production rate to a desired value within a certain set of feasible values. In the first case, we show that the system is controllable, i.e., the control is powerful enough to steer the system to any desired value in finite time, and provide simple closed-form expressions for <italic>constant</italic> positive control functions (or transition rates) that asymptotically steer the system to the desired value. In the second case, we show that the system is controllable, and provide a simple algorithm for determining the <italic>constant</italic> positive control value that asymptotically steers the system to the desired value. We discuss some of the biological implications of these results.