Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensing Tablet Grasp + Micro-mobility for Active Reading

The orientation and repositioning of physical artefacts (such as paper documents) to afford shared viewing of content, or to steer the attention of others to specific details, is known as micro-mobility. But the role of grasp in micro-mobility has rarely been considered, much less sensed by devices. We therefore employ capacitive grip sensing and inertial motion to explore the design space of combined grasp + micro-mobility by considering three classes of technique in the context of active reading. Single user, single device techniques support grip-influenced behaviors such as bookmarking a page with a finger, but combine this with physical embodiment to allow flipping back to a previous location. Multiple user, single device techniques, such as passing a tablet to another user or working side-by-side on a single device, add fresh nuances of expression to co-located collaboration. And single user, multiple device techniques afford facile cross-referencing of content across devices. Founded on observations of grasp and micro-mobility, these techniques open up new possibilities for both individual and collaborative interaction with electronic documents.
Color Stability of the Bulk-Fill Composite Resins with Different Thickness in Response to Coffee/Water Immersion

We aimed to evaluate the color stability of bulk-fill and conventional composite resin with respect to thickness and storage media. Twenty specimens of a conventional composite resin (6 mm diameter and 2 mm thick) and 40 specimens of the bulk-fill Tetric EvoCeram composite resin at two different thicknesses (6 mm diameter and 2 mm thick or 4 mm thick, n = 20) were prepared. The specimens were stored in distilled water during the study period (28 d). Half of the specimens were remained in distilled water and the other half were immersed in coffee solution 20 min/d and kept in distilled water between the cycles. Color changes (ΔE) were measured using the CIE L ⁎ a ⁎ b ⁎ color space and a digital imaging system at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days of storage. Data were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post hoc test (P < 0.05). Composite resins showed significant increase in color changes by time (bulk-fill > conventional; P < 0.001). Coffee exhibited significantly more staining susceptibility than that of distilled water (P < 0.001). There was greater color changes with increasing the increment thickness, which was significant at 14 (P < 0.001) and 28 d (P < 0.01). Color change of bulk-fill composite resin was greater than that of the conventional one after coffee staining and is also a function of increment thicknesses.
Codes of ethics

This chapter initially examines the motivations for the adoption of codes, the frequency of use and the likely content, including those for use in the international context. This is then followed by a discussion of the criticisms of codes as well as the indicators of their effectiveness. The chapter concludes with an examination of the more pragmatic dimensions associated with the implementation, the enforcement, the influence of corporate culture and leadership.
Arthritogenic potential of the 65 kDa stress protein--an experimental model.

OBJECTIVES--To assess the effect of an intra-articular presentation of stress (heat shock) proteins (hsp) on joint inflammation. METHODS--Wistar rats were sensitised with a suspension of heat killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in oil in the scruff of the neck and challenged intra-articularly with stress protein or M tuberculosis preparations. Inflammation was assessed by joint swelling and, using immunohistology, cellular infiltration of the synovium and antibody induction by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent method. RESULTS--It was shown, for the first time, that the intra-articular administration of a recombinant myobacterial 65 kDa hsp can induce joint inflammation in M tuberculosis sensitised recipients; both powdered M tuberculosis and the purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) produced a similar response, with T cell infiltration of the synovium and a time course typical of delayed type hypersensitivity. This response was specific to the 65 kDa protein as another immunodominant mycobacterial stress protein of 10 kDa was ineffective. Furthermore, intra-articular injection of the 65 kDa hsp induced an antibody response against both the 65 kDa and 10 kDa proteins and the antibody titres continued to rise when knee swelling had subsided. CONCLUSIONS--These results support the hypothesis that 60 kDa proteins are a relevant arthritogenic stimulus in an M tuberculosis background. Moreover, when antigen presentation occurs in the synovium of previously sensitised individuals, circulating antibodies are generated which persist and recognise cross-reactive epitopes on several stress proteins.
perspective: Discovering strategy in the logic of practice Post-processual challenges for the emerging strategy-as-practice

The recent turn to 'strategy practice' offers a genuine opportunity for establishing an alternative perspective that is clearly distinct from the traditional strategy process view. The challenge is to clarify and articulate an alternative set of ontological and epistemological premises for founding this new approach to theorizing strategy. What has been called the 'practice turn' in social theory provides this alternative basis for a 'post-processual' approach to theorizing strategy-as-practice. This 'practice turn' involves a radical reformu-lation of the intractable problem of agency and structure that enables us to bypass the 'micro/macro' distinction so intimately tied to the social sciences in general and to strategy research in particular. Already, there are signs that the discourse of the strategy-as-practice research community reflects this awareness and are thus straining towards some form of 'trans-individual' explanation that is not restricted to the mere 'activities' of strategy actors nor to the traditional emphasis on macro-structures and processes. This article contributes to the clarification of some of the underlying premises of current strategy theorizing and shows how the strategy-as-practice perspective can further differentiate itself from the strategy process view. From the social practices viewpoint, everyday strategy practices are discernible patterns of actions arising from habituated tendencies and internalized dispositions rather than from deliberate, purposeful goal-setting initiatives. We term this epistemological stance 'post-processual'. Such a post-processual world-view offers a revised understanding of strategy emergence that has profound explanatory implications for the strategy-as-practice movement.
Fractal analysis and modeling of VoIP traffic

In This work a fractal analysis study of VoIP traffic is presented. The characteristics of measured VoIP traffic on both call and packet level have been investigated. The results support the popular Poisson process for VoIP call arrival modeling but we argue that the call holding times follow heavy-tailed distributions rather than exponential distributions. We propose the generalized Pareto distribution for modeling the call holding times. At the packet level we have found that the exponential modeling of on and off periods is also inappropriate and heavy-tailed characteristics have been identified in case of all the investigated VoIP codecs. The generalized Pareto distribution can be used as an accurate model for the on and off periods too. In the analysis we revealed that the aggregated VoIP traffic has fractal characteristics and we suggest the fractional Gaussian noise model for the aggregated VoIP traffic.
You’re looking for what? Comparing search for familiar, nameable objects to search for unfamiliar, novel objects

ABSTRACT Searching for items in one’s environment often includes considerable reliance on semantic knowledge. The present study examines the importance of semantic information in visual and memory search, especially with respect to whether the items reside in long-term or working memory. In Experiment 1, participants engaged in hybrid visual memory search for items that were either highly familiar or novel. Importantly, the relatively large number of targets in this hybrid search task necessitated that targets be stored in some form of long-term memory. We found that search for familiar objects was more efficient than search for novel objects. In Experiment 2, we investigated search for familiar versus novel objects when the number of targets was low enough to be stored in working memory. We also manipulated how often participants in Experiment 2 were required to update their target (every trial vs. every block) in order to control for target templates that were stored in long-term memory as a result of repeated exposure over trials. We found no differences in search efficiency for familiar versus novel objects when templates were stored in working memory. Our results suggest that while semantic information may provide additional individuating features that are useful for object recognition in hybrid search, this information could be irrelevant or even distracting when searching for targets stored in working memory.
InterruptMe: designing intelligent prompting mechanisms for pervasive applications

The mobile phone represents a unique platform for interactive applications that can harness the opportunity of an immediate contact with a user in order to increase the impact of the delivered information. However, this accessibility does not necessarily translate to reachability, as recipients might refuse an initiated contact or disfavor a message that comes in an inappropriate moment. In this paper we seek to answer whether, and how, suitable moments for interruption can be identified and utilized in a mobile system. We gather and analyze a real-world smartphone data trace and show that users' broader context, including their activity, location, time of day, emotions and engagement, determine different aspects of interruptibility. We then design and implement InterruptMe, an interruption management library for Android smartphones. An extensive experiment shows that, compared to a context-unaware approach, interruptions elicited through our library result in increased user satisfaction and shorter response times.
IllumiRoom: peripheral projected illusions for interactive experiences

IllumiRoom is a proof-of-concept system that augments the area surrounding a television with projected visualizations to enhance traditional gaming experiences. We investigate how projected visualizations in the periphery can negate, include, or augment the existing physical environment and complement the content displayed on the television screen. Peripheral projected illusions can change the appearance of the room, induce apparent motion, extend the field of view, and enable entirely new physical gaming experiences. Our system is entirely self-calibrating and is designed to work in any room. We present a detailed exploration of the design space of peripheral projected illusions and we demonstrate ways to trigger and drive such illusions from gaming content. We also contribute specific feedback from two groups of target users (10 gamers and 15 game designers); providing insights for enhancing game experiences through peripheral projected illusions.
Molecular Epidemiology of Female Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is still a leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. The incidence of lung cancer in developed countries started to decrease mainly due to global anti-smoking campaigns. However, the incidence of lung cancer in women has been increasing in recent decades for various reasons. Furthermore, since the screening of lung cancer is not as yet very effective, clinically applicable molecular markers for early diagnosis are much required. Lung cancer in women appears to have differences compared with that in men, in terms of histologic types and susceptibility to environmental risk factors. This suggests that female lung cancer can be derived by carcinogenic mechanisms different from those involved in male lung cancer. Among female lung cancer patients, many are non-smokers, which could be studied to identify alternative carcinogenic mechanisms independent from smoking-related ones. In this paper, we reviewed molecular susceptibility markers and genetic changes in lung cancer tissues observed in female lung cancer patients, which have been validated by various studies and will be helpful to understand the tumorigenesis of lung cancer.
WORKING PAPERS Learning , Memory , and Inertia

This paper explores the impact of memory in standard models of learning and evolution in games where a ̄nite number of agents display imitation behavior, focusing on coordination games (as in Kandori et al (1993)) and N -player games where spiteful behavior allows to discard Nash equilibria. It is shown that the way inertia is modeled in such examples actually entails a strong \no-memory" assumption. Once inertia is removed (or modeled otherwise), the addition of bounded memory changes the predictions dramatically. The analysis highlights the stability properties of Nash outcomes in purely evolutionary contexts with a ̄nite population
GHG Mitigation Potentials in Annex I Countries. Comparison of Model Estimates for 2020

Robust quantification of the future potentials and costs for mitigating greenhouse gases in different countries could provide important information to the current negotiations on a post-2012 climate agreement. However, such information is not readily available from statistical sources, but requires the use of complex models that combine economic, technological and social aspects. In March 2009, the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) invited leading modelling teams to a comparison of available model estimates of GHG mitigation potentials and costs in the Annex I countries for the year 2020. Eight modelling teams provided input to this comparison exercise. Although at face value estimates of mitigation potentials and costs show wide variation across models differences (i) in assumptions on the baseline economic development, (ii) in the definition of which mitigation measures are considered part of the baseline, and (iii) in the time window assumed for the implementation of mitigation measures explain much of the variation in model results. The paper presents a check-list of factors that need to be considered when interpreting model results. Once corrected for these key factors, two clusters of cost curves emerge for the year 2020: Models that include consumer demand changes and macro-economic feedbacks agree on a mitigation potential of up to 40% reduction below 2005 levels (that is approximately 45% below the 1990 level) for total Annex I emissions in 2020 for a carbon price of 50 to 150 US-$/tCO2. Bottom-up models that restrict their analysis to technical measures show only half of this potential. The model intercomparison demonstrates that future economic development has a strong impact on the eforts necessary to achieve given emission reduction levels. Any delay in the start of implementation of mitigation measures will reduce the mitigation potential that is achievable in the near term and inrease the costs. The introduction of measures that mobilize demand adjustments through structural or behavioural changes may increase the short-term mitigation potential significantly.
MODELLING WHITEWATER PARK HYDRAULICS AND FISH HABITAT IN COLORADO

Whitewater parks (WWPs) are increasingly popular recreational amenities, but the effects of WWPs on fish habitat and passage are poorly understood. This study investigated the use of a two-dimensional (2-D) model as compared with a three-dimensional (3-D) hydrodynamic model (FLOW-3D) for assessing effects of WWPs on fish habitat. The primary aims of this study were to (1) examine the utility of 3-D modelling versus 2-D modelling in a hydraulically complex WWP and (2) compare modelled habitat quality for resident fishes with actual fish abundance and biomass generated from field sampling surveys. Two reaches of a wadeable river in Colorado were modelled: a natural reach and a reach containing a WWP. A 2-D habitat suitability analysis for juvenile and adult brown trout, juvenile and adult rainbow trout, longnose dace and longnose sucker predicted the same or higher habitat quality in the WWPs than the natural pools for all four species and for all modelled flow rates; however, results from fish sampling found significantly higher fish biomass for all four species in natural pools compared with WWP pools. All hydraulic metrics (depth, depth-averaged velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, 2-D and 3-D vorticity) had higher magnitudes in WWP pools than in natural pools. In the WWP pools, 3-D model results described the spatial distribution of flow characteristics or the magnitude of variables better than 2-D results. This supports the use of 3-D modelling for complex flows found in WWPs, but improved understanding of linkages between fish habitat quality and 3-D hydraulic descriptors is needed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. key words: whitewater park; kayak; FLOW-3D; hydraulic modelling; flow complexity; fish habitat; habitat modelling; vorticity Received 15 September 2014; Revised 28 May 2015; Accepted 22 June 2015
Satisfaction, Alternatives, Investments, and the Microfoundations of Audience Cost Models

In this paper, we suggest that the Investment Model of Commitment, developed in social psychology, offers a solution to an important microfoundational issue in audience cost theory. Audience cost models are useful for thinking about the foreign policy behaviors of democratic and nondemocratic states. However, they often assume that citizens reliably penalize leaders who break their foreign policy promises even though the empirical record suggests this is not always the case. We argue that public commitment to foreign policy assets and relationships is a precondition for the application of audience costs. Using the UN and NATO as case studies, we hypothesize that the commitments people develop to international organizations emerge as a function of (1) their satisfaction with the performance of the organization, (2) the investments in those organizations, and (3) an assessment of the alternatives to these associations. Correlational and experimental tests of the model confirm that the strongest individual-level commitments arise when people are highly satisfied with the performance of specific institutions, believe that much has been invested in support of them, and perceive that the alternatives to particular institutions are poor. Implications for the development of audience cost theory are discussed.
The neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM enhances L1-dependent cell-cell interactions

On neural cells, the cell adhesion molecule L1 is generally found coexpressed with N-CAM. The two molecules have been suggested, but not directly shown, to affect each other's function. To investigate the possible functional relationship between the two molecules, we have characterized the adhesive interactions between the purified molecules and between cultured cells expressing them. Latex beads were coated with purified L1 and found to aggregate slowly. N-CAM-coated beads did not aggregate, but did so after addition of heparin. Beads coated with both L1 and N-CAM aggregated better than L1-coated beads. Strongest aggregation was achieved when L1-coated beads were incubated together with beads carrying both L1 and N-CAM. In a binding assay, the complex of L1 and N-CAM bound strongly to immobilized L1, but not to the cell adhesion molecules J1 or myelin-associated glycoprotein. N-CAM alone did not bind to these glycoproteins. Cerebellar neurones adhered to and sent out processes on L1 immobilized on nitrocellulose. N-CAM was less effective as substrate. Neurones interacted most efficiently with the immobilized complex of L1 and N-CAM. They adhered to this complex even when its concentration was at least 10 times lower than the lowest concentration of L1 found to promote adhesion. The complex became adhesive for cells only when the two glycoproteins were preincubated together for approximately 30 min before their immobilization on nitrocellulose. The adhesive properties between cells that express L1 only or both L1 and N-CAM were also studied. ESb-MP cells, which are L1- positive, but N-CAM negative, aggregated slowly under low Ca2+. Their aggregation could be completely inhibited by antibodies to L1 and enhanced by addition of soluble N-CAM to the cells before aggregation. N2A cells, which are L1 and N-CAM positive aggregated well under low Ca2+. Their aggregation was partially inhibited by either L1 or N-CAM antibodies and almost completely by the combination of both antibodies. N2A and ESb-MP cells coaggregated rapidly and their interaction was similarly inhibited by L1 and N-CAM antibodies. These results indicate that L1 is involved in two types of binding mechanisms. In one type, L1 serves as its own receptor with slow binding kinetics. In the other, L1 is modulated in the presence of N-CAM on one cell (cis-binding) to form a more potent receptor complex for L1 on another cell (trans-binding).
Fiscal Decentralization and Soft Budget Constraints α a

All opinions expressed here are those of the author and not those of the Economics Education and Research Consortium Research dissemination by the EERC may include views on policy, but the EERC itself takes no institutional policy positions Liberalization policies of transition have led to the mass reduction of enterprise subsidization which prevailed in socialist economies. However, in some sectors of the economy, subsidies associated with price controls remain due to "social" and "political" factors. Moreover in multi-tier governments, subnational levels seem to be more sensitive to these factors because of their proximity to the constituency. Thus decentralization of fiscal resources might interfere with the elimination of residual subsidies. This research establishes a link between fiscal decentralization and the propensity of local governments to subsidize enterprises. The link is tested empirically on a panel of 72 Russian regions over the period 1995 – 1997. and participants in Research Workshops of the Russia Program of the EERC for helpful comments and discussions. All remaining errors are solely mine.