Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Running head : DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-ESTEEM 2

This study examines the development of global self-esteem and self-esteem in six specific domains across adolescence and young adulthood. Using a cohort-sequential design, we analyzed longitudinal data on 3,116 Norwegian men and women from 13 to 31 years of age by means of growth curve modeling. Questionnaire data provided information on global self-esteem and selfesteem in social, academic, athletic, and appearance domains. Data on important life outcomes was provided by register linkages. Results showed increasing levels of global self-esteem and self-esteem in most domains with increasing age. Being male, higher parental education, and reported higher levels of parental care were related to higher levels of global self-esteem and selfesteem in several domains. Self-esteem in the appearance domain showed high and stable correlations with global self-esteem, whereas in social domains, correlations with global selfesteem increased over age, with a particularly steep increase for romantic appeal self-esteem. As to the prospective relationship between self-esteem and important life outcomes, results showed that participants high in academic self-esteem attained higher education levels and higher income, but most of the relationship was explained by covariates such as parents’ socioeconomic status and school grades. Low global self-esteem predicted later prescription of antidepressants, even after controlling for covariates. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive picture of the development of global and domain-specific self-esteem throughout adolescence and young adulthood using long-term longitudinal data. The results underscore the importance of examining development of self-esteem in specific domains in addition to global self-esteem.
Why do I like It? the Relationships between Icon Characteristics, user Performance and Aesthetic Appeal

Until recently the guiding tenet in human-computer interaction was that any interface must be easy to learn and use. However, it has been increasingly recognized that the appeal of the interface to the user and their enjoyment of it is also important. The aim of the current study was to examine the nature of the relationships between icon characteristics, user performance, and aesthetic appeal. When participants were asked to rate the appeal of a corpus of icons, it was found that the same icon characteristics predicted appeal as those predicting user performance. The theoretical and practical implications of the remarkable similarity in the factors determining appeal and usability are discussed.
Variation in resistance to herpes simplex virus type 1 of oligodendrocytes derived from inbred strains of mice.

Primary oligodendrocyte (OL) cultures from three inbred strains of mice with known differences in resistance to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in vivo (A/J, susceptible; BALB/cByJ, moderately resistant; C57BL/6J, resistant), also display a similar pattern of resistance in vitro. The nature of the in vitro resistance at the cellular level was investigated. Virus production at different m.o. i.s indicated that the differences in HSV-1 replication are m.o. i. -dependent. Overall, virus yield from the OL cultures infected at a multiplicity of 1 increased 48 h post-infection (p.i.); no additional enhancement occurred 72 h p.i. However, the difference in the replication capacity of the three OL cultures observed at 24 h p.i. persisted at 48 and 72 h p.i. Serial electron microscopy studies on infected OL cultures derived from the different murine strains suggested that the resistance to HSV-1 infection occurs at different stages during the replicative cycle. Virus was detected at the nuclear membrane 5 min p.i. in A/J cells, but was not observed until 120 min p.i. in BALB/cByJ cells, whereas virus could not be detected at the nuclear membrane of C57BL/6J cells, even at 24 h p.i. Virus adsorption, determined by assay of residual non-adsorbed virus infectivity and cell-associated, radiolabelled HSV-1, did not differ in the OL cultures. The cumulative data suggest that A/J cells display the same replication pattern as permissive CV-1 cells, whereas the major replicative blocks in the other two murine strains occur at the level of the cytoplasmic membrane in C57BL/6J OLs, and at the level of the nuclear membrane in BALB/cByJ cells.
Reconstructing Vechicles from a Single Image: Shape Priors for Road Scene Understanding

We present an approach for reconstructing vehicles from a single (RGB) image, in the context of autonomous driving. Though the problem appears to be ill-posed, we demonstrate that prior knowledge about how 3D shapes of vehicles project to an image can be used to reason about the reverse process, i.e., how shapes (back-)project from 2D to 3D. We encode this knowledge in \emph{shape priors}, which are learnt over a small keypoint-annotated dataset. We then formulate a shape-aware adjustment problem that uses the learnt shape priors to recover the 3D pose and shape of a query object from an image. For shape representation and inference, we leverage recent successes of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for the task of object and keypoint localization, and train a novel cascaded fully-convolutional architecture to localize vehicle \emph{keypoints} in images. The shape-aware adjustment then robustly recovers shape (3D locations of the detected keypoints) while simultaneously filling in occluded keypoints. To tackle estimation errors incurred due to erroneously detected keypoints, we use an Iteratively Re-weighted Least Squares (IRLS) scheme for robust optimization, and as a by-product characterize noise models for each predicted keypoint. We evaluate our approach on autonomous driving benchmarks, and present superior results to existing monocular, as well as stereo approaches.
Influence of stem diameter and bark ratio of evergreen hardwoods on the fuel characteristics of the produced pellets.

Forest biomass originating from Mediterranean forest vegetation could be a potential source of renewable energy in the form of pellets, butdue to its diversity there is a need for better understanding and detailed examination of its main fuel characteristics. The aim of this work was the evaluation of the impact that bark percentage and barked stem diameter have on the ash content and heating value of thefollowing evergreen Mediterranean hardwood species: Arbutus unedo, Erica arborea, Quercus coccifera, Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia. For all the above species, the barked diameter, bark thickness, bark percentage as well as the ash content and higher heating value of bark and wood have been determined. In all cases the ash content of bark was higher than that of wood and also higher than the requirement of the related EN standard. Therefore the bark of tested species could be used in the production of pellets provided that its ratio would be in a level corresponding to the maximum allowed ash content values. Taking into account the results of the determinations, the equations and graphs were used in order to calculate the minimum of the stem diameter requirements in order to meet with the ash content restrictions. The effect of stem diameter on the HHV (higher heating value) was also evaluated. Among the tested species, Erica arborea proved to be the most appropriate for the production of pellets showing the highest HHV and the lowest ash content.
Dependently Typed Data Structures

The mechanism for declaring datatypes in functional programming languages such as ML and Haskell is of great use in practice. This mechanism, however, often suffers from its imprecision in capturing invariants inherent in data structures. We remedy the situation with the introduction of dependent datatypes, which allows the programmer to model data structures with significantly more accuracy. We then present several examples such as implementations of red-black trees and binomial heaps to illustrate certain use of dependent types in capturing some relatively sophisticated invariants in data structures. We regard these examples as some concrete evidence in support of the claim that dependent datatypes can enable the programmer to construct programs that are not only more robust but also easier to understand.
Negotiating Inefficient Compromises: Is Less Better than More?

Significant efforts are made to design and implement decision and negotiation support systems to identify efficient alternatives. The underlying assumption is that decision-makers prefer an efficient alternative over an inefficient one. Experimental studies indicate that people often accept inefficient compromises and are unwilling to improve them even if prompted to do so. This report presents preliminary results for the analysis of 605 bilateral negotiations in which only 20.8% of negotiators who achieved an inefficient compromise entered the post-settlement phase in an attempt to improve the compromise.
Association between Match Activity Variables, Measures of Fatigue and Neuromuscular Performance Capacity Following Elite Competitive Soccer Matches

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between match activity variables, subsequent fatigue and neuromuscular performance capacity in elite soccer players. Subjects (n = 10) were professional soccer players participating in the English Championships. Match activity variables and markers of fatigue status were measured before and following two matches. Creatine kinase (CK) and muscle soreness were measured at baseline, immediately following, as well as 40 and 64 h post-match. Countermovement jump performance and perceived ratings of wellness were measured at baseline, then 40 and 64 h post-match. Relationships were shown between CK and the total number of accelerations and decelerations immediately (r = 0.63; large), 40 h (r = 0.45; moderate) and 64 h post-match (r = 0.35; moderate) (p < 0.05). Relationships between CK and total sprint distance (r = 0.39; moderate) and the number of sprints (r = 0.35; moderate) 40 h post-match (p < 0.05) were observed. Furthermore, relationships were shown between the perceived rating of wellness and number of accelerations 40 (r = 0.52; large) and 64 h (r = 0.40; moderate) post-match, sprint distance 40 h post-match (r = 0.40; moderate) and the total number of sprints 40 h post-match (r = 0.51; large) (p < 0.05). The quantification of match activity variables, particularly the total number of accelerations and decelerations and the number of sprints, provides insights into the fatigue status in elite soccer players 40 and 64 h post-match.
Proteomic profiling of antisense‐induced exon skipping reveals reversal of pathobiochemical abnormalities in dystrophic mdx diaphragm

The disintegration of the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex represents the initial pathobiochemical insult in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. However, secondary changes in signalling, energy metabolism and ion homeostasis are probably the main factors that eventually cause progressive muscle wasting. Thus, for the proper evaluation of novel therapeutic approaches, it is essential to analyse the reversal of both primary and secondary abnormalities in treated muscles. Antisense oligomer‐mediated exon skipping promises functional restoration of the primary deficiency in dystrophin. In this study, an established phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer coupled to a cell‐penetrating peptide was employed for the specific removal of exon 23 in the mutated mouse dystrophin gene transcript. Using DIGE analysis, we could show the reversal of secondary pathobiochemical abnormalities in the dystrophic diaphragm following exon‐23 skipping. In analogy to the restoration of dystrophin, β‐dystroglycan and neuronal nitric oxide synthase, the muscular dystrophy‐associated differential expression of calsequestrin, adenylate kinase, aldolase, mitochondrial creatine kinase and cvHsp was reversed in treated muscle fibres. Hence, the re‐establishment of Dp427 coded by the transcript missing exon 23 has counter‐acted dystrophic alterations in Ca2+‐handling, nucleotide metabolism, bioenergetic pathways and cellular stress response. This clearly establishes the exon‐skipping approach as a realistic treatment strategy for diminishing diverse downstream alterations in dystrophinopathy.
Rostellar hook morphology of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) from natural and experimental Australian hosts, and its implications for strain recognition

An analysis of the rostellar hooks of Australian isolates of Echinococcus granulosus revealed that there was less variation in larval (metacestode) than adult characters and that metacestode characters could be measured directly from adult worms. A factor analysis indicated that two factors, one representing a contrast between number of hooks and their length, and the other representing blade lengths, were sufficient to account for 87.5% of the variance in metacestode hook measurements. These results indicate that rostellar hook morphology is not useful for discriminating strains of E. granulosus in Australia. The Tasmanian and mainland domestic strains were found to be indistinguishable using rostellar morphology. Although many of the isolates from sylvatic hosts differed from those from domestic hosts, there was not a clear separation as would be expected if two distinct strains existed. Evidence was presented to show that the morphological differences seen in sylvatic hosts could be attributed to host-induced effects, and that the previously accepted existence of two mainland strains should be investigated further.
Mechanical Energy Changes and the Oxygen Cost of Running

The relationship between the oxygen cost of running at submaximal speeds and running mechanics was investigated in a group of trained athletes by means of an energy analysis.Subjects were filmed while running on a motorized treadmill at speeds of 3.58, 4.02, 4.47, 4.92, 5.36, and 5.81 m/s. Segmental potential and kinetic energies were determined using a three-dimensional link-segmental model. Intra-stride changes in the energy of the whole body were computed with no allowance for energy transfer and with various energy transfer constraints imposed on the model. Oxygen consumption was determined by expired air analysis and used to estimate energy expenditure.For each transfer condition, net energy expenditure was more highly correlated with the magnitude of intra-stride energy changes than with running speed per se. The more economic running patterns were characterized by greater within-segment energy transfers.Given the limitations of the kinematic energy model, it is suggested that individual patterns of.
Gravitational fragmentation and the formation of brown dwarfs in stellar clusters

We investigate the formation of brown dwarfs and very low mass stars through the gravitational fragmentation of infalling gas into stellar clusters. The gravitational potential of a forming stellar cluster provides the focus that attracts gas from the surrounding molecular cloud. Structures present in the gas grow, forming filaments flowing into the cluster centre. These filaments attain high gas densities due to the combination of the cluster potential and local self-gravity. The resultant Jeans masses are low, allowing the formation of very low mass fragments. The tidal shear and high-velocity dispersion present in the cluster preclude any subsequent accretion, thus resulting in the formation of brown dwarfs or very low mass stars. Ejections are not required as the brown dwarfs enter the cluster with high relative velocities, suggesting that their disc and binary properties should be similar to that of low-mass stars. This mechanism requires the presence of a strong gravitational potential due to the stellar cluster implying that brown-dwarf formation should be more frequent in stellar clusters than in distributed populations of young stars. Brown dwarfs formed in isolation would require another formation mechanism such as due to turbulent fragmentation.
Control of axon elongation via an SDF-1α/Rho/mDia pathway in cultured cerebellar granule neurons

Rho–GTPase has been implicated in axon outgrowth. However, not all of the critical steps controlled by Rho have been well characterized. Using cultured cerebellar granule neurons, we show here that stromal cell–derived factor (SDF)-1α, a neural chemokine, is a physiological ligand that can turn on two distinct Rho-dependent pathways with opposite consequences. A low concentration of the ligand stimulated a Rho-dependent pathway that mediated facilitation of axon elongation. In contrast, Rho/ROCK activation achieved by a higher concentration of SDF-1α caused repression of axon formation and induced no more increase in axon length. However, even at this higher concentration a Rho-dependent axon elongating activity could be recovered upon removal of ROCK activity using Y-27632. SDF-1α–induced axon elongating activity under ROCK inhibition was replicated by the dominant-active form of the mammalian homologue of the Drosophila gene Diaphanous (mDia)1 and counteracted by its dominant-negative form. Furthermore, RNAi knockdown of mDia1 abolished SDF-1α–induced axon elongation. Together, our results support a critical role for an SDF-1α/Rho/mDia1 pathway in mediating axon elongation.
Emergency department Modified Early Warning Score association with admission, admission disposition, mortality, and length of stay

Background Geisinger Health System implemented the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) in 2011 and is fully integrated to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR). Our objective was to assess whether the emergency department (ED) MEWS (auto-calculated by EMR) is associated with admission to the hospital, admission disposition, inpatient mortality, and length of stay (LOS) 4 years after its implementation. Methods A random sample of 3,000 patients’ first encounter in the ED was extracted in the study period (between January 1, 2014 and May 31, 2015). Logistic regression was done to analyze whether mean, maximum, and median ED MEWS is associated with admission disposition, mortality, and LOS. Results Mean, maximum, and median ED MEWS is associated with admission to the hospital, admission disposition, and mortality. It correlates weakly with LOS. Conclusion MEWS can be integrated to the EMR, and the score automatically generated still helps predict catastrophic events. MEWS can be used as a triage tool when deciding whether and where patients should be admitted.
Applications of the Conceptual Density Functional Theory Indices to Organic Chemistry Reactivity

Theoretical reactivity indices based on the conceptual Density Functional Theory (DFT) have become a powerful tool for the semiquantitative study of organic reactivity. A large number of reactivity indices have been proposed in the literature. Herein, global quantities like the electronic chemical potential μ, the electrophilicity ω and the nucleophilicity N indices, and local condensed indices like the electrophilic Pk+ and nucleophilic Pk− Parr functions, as the most relevant indices for the study of organic reactivity, are discussed.
A Low Dimensional Approximation For Competence In Bacillus Subtilis

The behaviour of a high dimensional stochastic system described by a chemical master equation (CME) depends on many parameters, rendering explicit simulation an inefficient method for exploring the properties of such models. Capturing their behaviour by low-dimensional models makes analysis of system behaviour tractable. In this paper, we present low dimensional models for the noise-induced excitable dynamics in Bacillus subtilis, whereby a key protein ComK, which drives a complex chain of reactions leading to bacterial competence, gets expressed rapidly in large quantities (competent state) before subsiding to low levels of expression (vegetative state). These rapid reactions suggest the application of an adiabatic approximation of the dynamics of the regulatory model that, however, lead to competence durations that are incorrect by a factor of 2. We apply a modified version of an iterative functional procedure that faithfully approximates the time-course of the trajectories in terms of a two-dimensional model involving proteins ComK and ComS. Furthermore, in order to describe the bimodal bivariate marginal probability distribution obtained from the Gillespie simulations of the CME, we introduce a tunable multiplicative noise term in a two-dimensional Langevin model whose stationary state is described by the time-independent solution of the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation.
Mild cognitive impairment

Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were assessed, and a metabolic profile associated with conversion to AD at 18-month follow-up was sought. As compared with nonconverters (n = 10), converters (n = 7) had lower fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the right temporoparietal cortex (p = 0.02, corrected for cluster size), without individual overlap. Awaiting replication in an independent sample, these findings suggest that among patients with MCI, fluorodeoxyglucose PET may accurately identify rapid converters.
Investigating Creep in Corrugated Packaging

In this study, the inverse relationship between lifetime and secondary creep rate was verified suggesting that shorter duration tests can be used to evaluate lifetimes. Also, the variability in creep rate was significantly lower than previous studies suggesting that using enhanced testing facilities could reduce required number of repetitions. A novel finding was an observed transition point in applied loading level where cyclic humidity conditions had the highest creep rates at low loads and constant high humidity conditions had the highest creep rate at high loads. Finally, it was determined that a standard moisture cycling history for a standard test protocol will be difficult to determine and the moisture sorption behaviour of each box type must be accounted for. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Response of Transport Properties to Static Electric Field in La$_{0.7}$Ce$_{0.3}$MnO $_{3}$ Epitaxial Thin Films

We investigated the influence of static electric field on the transport properties in La0.7Ce0. 3MnO3 epitaxial thin films by using a simple field effect configuration (FEC), which was formed on a single layer film. Substrates act as gates and films as channels. Such an easily manipulative technique avoids many possible problems appeared in multilayer structures, such as poor interface and severe inter-diffusion, which may influence the intrinsic characteristics of investigated targets. One knows that tetravalence-doped La0.7Ce0. 3MnO3 (LEMO) systems exhibit metal-insulator transition and ferromagnetic behavior, similar to the ditravalence-doped La0.7Ca0. 3 MnO3. However, for the conductive mechanism of LEMO, strong controversies have existed for a long time with whether it is intrinsically electron-type or hole-type. Our experiments give evidence of the hole-type nature in LEMO. In the device with LEMO as channel and LaAlO3(LAO) as gate, applied positive bias poles gate and induces charge at the area between gate and channel. The polarized charge in the gate is compensated by inducing electrons in the channel. If LEMO is of electron-type, the increased carrier density would cause a decease of channel resistance. However, we experimentally found the channel resistance remarkably increases upon a positive bias. Such a fact is completely the same as the behavior observed in hole-doped La 0.7Ca0. 3MnO3channel, and thus strongly supports the hole-type nature in LEMO channel. Furthermore, we found that the large field effect in LEMO is nonlinear and polarity dependent on the applied bias. A percolative phase separation picture is taking into account to interpret the observed field effect