Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Placing search in context: the concept revisited

Keyword-based search engines are in widespread use today as a popular means for Web-based information retrieval. Although such systems seem deceptively simple, a considerable amount of skill is required in order to satisfy non-trivial information needs. This paper presents a new conceptual paradigm for performing search in context, that largely automates the search process, providing even non-professional users with highly relevant results. This paradigm is implemented in practice in the IntelliZap system, where search is initiated from a text query marked by the user in a document she views, and is guided by the text surrounding the marked query in that document ("the context"). The context-driven information retrieval process involves semantic keyword extraction and clustering to automatically generate new, augmented queries. The latter are submitted to a host of general and domain-specific search engines. Search results are then semantically reranked, using context. Experimental results testify that using context to guide search, effectively offers even inexperienced users an advanced search tool on the Web.
The enzymatic N-methylation of serotonin and other amines.

An enzyme that transfers the methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine to the amino group of serotonin has been described. It has been partially purified and its properties studied. The serotonin methylating enzyme can N-methylate a variety of normally occurring compounds such as dopamine, normetanephrine, metanephrine, epinephrine, tyramine, and octopamine as well as a variety of foreign compounds such as ephedrine, amphetamine, aniline, normorphine, normeperidine and nornicotine. The enzyme is highly localized in the rabbit lung.
Descemet stripping and endothelial keratoplasty in endothelial dysfunctions: Three-month results in 75 eyes

Purpose: To analyze the results of Descemet stripping and endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) in the first consecutive 75 cases. Materials and Methods: Prospective, non-randomized, non-comparative interventional case series. Seventy- five eyes of 75 patients with endothelial dysfunctions of different etiology, scheduled for DSEK, were included in this study. Healthy donor cornea with a cell count of >2000 cells/sq mm was considered for transplantation in each case. Indications, operative problems and postoperative complications were noted. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive and keratometric astigmatism, central corneal thickness (CCT) and endothelial cell density (ECD) were analyzed for each patient after a minimum follow-up of three months. Results: Main indication was pseudophakic corneal edema and bullous keratopathy in 53 (70.7%) eyes. Seventeen (22.7%) cases had moderate to severe Fuchs′ dystrophy with various grades of cataract; and DSEK was combined with manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) in those cases. After three months, BCVA was 20/60 or better in 62 (82.7%) cases. Mean refractive and keratometric astigmatism were 1.10 ± 0.55 diopter cylinder (DCyl) and 1.24 ± 0.92 DCyl. The CCT and ECD were 670.8 ± 0.32 µm and 1485.6 ± 168.6/sq mm respectively. The mean endothelial cell loss after three months was 26.8 ± 4.24% (range: 13.3-38.4%). Dislocation of donor lenticule occurred in six (8.0%) eyes. Graft failure occurred in one case. Conclusions: Descemet stripping and endothelial keratoplasty is a safe and effective procedure in patients with endothelial dysfunctions with encouraging surgical and visual outcomes. It can be safely combined with MSICS with PCIOL in patients with moderate to severe Fuchs′ dystrophy with cataract.
Multidirectional manual arm strength and its relationship with resultant shoulder moment and arm posture

Abstract Previous work has quantified manual force capabilities for ergonomics design, but the number of studies and range of conditions tested are limited in scope. Therefore, the aims of this study were to collect seated manual arm strength (MAS) data from 24 females in several unique exertion directions (n = 26) and hand locations relative to the shoulder (n = 8), and to investigate the associations between MAS and shoulder/elbow moments. MAS was generally highest when the direction of force application was oriented parallel to the vector from the shoulder to knuckle, and weakest when oriented orthogonal to that vector. Moderate correlations were found between MAS and: (1) resultant shoulder moment (r = 0.34), (2) resultant moment arms (r = −0.545) and (3) elbow flexion/extension moment (r = 0.481). Our strength data will be used in the development of a comprehensive MAS predictive method, so that strength capabilities can be predicted to help design acceptable tasks in the workplace. Practitioner Summary: This study sought to enhance our understanding of one-handed manual arm strength capabilities for ergonomics task evaluations. Our findings provide researchers and practitioners with manual strength data for off-axis force directions, as well as hand locations not previously measured. These data will contribute to future methods for predicting strength capabilities.
‘Hard to Reach’ Young People: The Role of Service Organisation and Mentalization-Based Treatments

This thesis considers the difficulties engaging young people in local social and psychological services relevant to their needs, with a particular focus on those who are labelled as ‘hard to reach’. It comprises three parts, which reflect the different elements to this issue. Part 1 is a literature review which considers a particular subgroup of those labelled ‘hard to reach’, young people with emerging personality disorder symptoms and diagnoses. It examines the different services that exist to target and treat this population, with a focus not on treatment models per se, but instead on the service context and organisation that guides the particular interventions. Common features of the services guiding these treatments are discussed, including where there are areas for future research to consider. Part 2 is an empirical research paper that evaluates different services existing to target young people labelled as ‘hard to reach’. It considers Adolescent MentalizationBased Integrative Treatment and compares this approach to two groups; those with similar difficulties but receiving alternative outreach services, and healthy control participants. Fifty young people were involved, and they were assessed for differences in mentalization skills, attachment, empathy and therapeutic relationship. Findings from the investigation, as well as implications for research and clinical practice are discussed. Part 3 is a critical appraisal of the process of conducting this literature review and empirical paper. It discusses personal interests in this area, as well as conceptual and methodological issues and areas for future consideration.
Binding Affinities of Tyrosine-phosphorylated Peptides to the COOH-terminal SH2 and NH-terminal Phosphotyrosine Binding Domains of Shc (*)

The adaptor protein Shc has been implicated in Ras signaling via association with many tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors, including growth factor receptors, antigen receptors on T and B cells, and cytokine receptors. Shc could interact with the activated receptors through the carboxyl-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domain or the structurally unrelated amino-terminal phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain. Using NMR and surface plasmon resonance techniques, we have measured the binding affinities of the SH2 and the PTB domains of Shc to a series of phosphotyrosine-containing peptides derived from known Shc binding sites. Tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides derived from Trk (pY490), polyoma virus middle T-antigen (pY250), ErbB3 (pY1309), and epidermal growth factor receptor (pY1086, pY1148, and pY1114) that contain NPXpY sequences bind preferentially to the PTB domain of Shc with Kvalues of 0.02-5.3 μM. The binding affinities of these peptides to the Shc SH2 domain were in the range of 220-1290 μM. In contrast, tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides from epidermal growth factor receptor (pY992, pY1173) and the chain of the T-cell receptor bind preferentially to the SH2 domain (K = 50-130 μM) versus the PTB domain (K > 680 μM). From these studies, the relative contribution of the individual domains of Shc for binding to the phosphotyrosine-containing portions of these proteins was determined. In addition, our data indicate that the high affinity binding of the PTB domain to the NPXpY-containing peptides results from a very high association rate and a rapid dissociation rate, which is similar to previous results observed for the SH2-phosphopeptide complexes.
From observation to action simulation: The role of attention, eye-gaze, emotion, and body state

This paper reviews recent aspects of my research. It focuses, first, on the idea that during the perception of objects and people, action-based representations are automatically activated and, second, that such action representations can feed back and influence the perception of people and objects. For example, when one is merely viewing an object such as a coffee cup, the action it affords, such as a reach to grasp, is activated even though there is no intention to act on the object. Similarly, when one is observing a person's behaviour, their actions are automatically simulated, and such action simulation can influence our perception of the person and the object with which they interacted. The experiments to be described investigate the role of attention in such vision-to-action processes, the effects of such processes on emotion, and the role of a perceiver's body state in their interpretation of visual stimuli.
Multinational Firms and International Knowledge Diffusion : Evidence using Patent Citation Data

This paper addresses three questions: (i) Are multinational firms (MNCs) really better than markets at transferring knowledge across borders? (ii) How actively do MNCs exchange knowledge with their host countries? (iii) Do they contribute as much to local knowledge as they learn from their host countries? To answer these questions, I analyze data on citations for over half a million patents from 4,400 firms and organizations from six countries, covering all manufacturing sectors. I estimate the probability of individual knowledge flows, as measured using patent citations, through a weighted maximum likelihood estimation approach for choice-based samples. Cross-border knowledge flows within the same MNC are found to be several times stronger than those between different entities even within the same country. Interestingly, these intra-MNC flows are equally strong in both directions between the home base and the foreign subsidiaries. Turning to intra-national knowledge flows, foreign MNC subsidiaries learn more from domestic entities than they contribute to host country knowledge, though this pattern differs across countries and industries. Knowledge flows from host countries to MNCs are in fact as strong as those between domestic entities, showing that MNC subsidiaries are not disadvantaged by their foreign affiliation. Finally, parent firms of MNCs with a higher fraction of innovative activity located abroad also learn more from other countries, suggesting that overseas innovation can increase an MNC’s overall absorptive capacity for foreign knowledge.
Normobaric hypoxia increases the growth hormone response to maximal resistance exercise in trained men

Abstract This study examined the effect of hypoxia on growth hormone (GH) release during an acute bout of high-intensity, low-volume resistance exercise. Using a single-blinded, randomised crossover design, 16 resistance-trained males completed two resistance exercise sessions in normobaric hypoxia (HYP; inspiratory oxygen fraction, (FiO2) 0.12, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) 82 ± 2%) and normoxia (NOR; FiO2 0.21, SpO2 98 ± 0%). Each session consisted of five sets of three repetitions of 45° leg press and bench press at 85% of one repetition maximum. Heart rate, SpO2, and electromyographic activity (EMG) of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured throughout the protocol. Serum lactate and GH levels were determined pre-exposure, and at 5, 15, 30 and 60 min post-exercise. Differences in mean and integrated EMG between HYP and NOR treatments were unclear. However, there was an important increase in the peak levels and area under the curve of both lactate (HYP 5.8 ± 1.8 v NOR 3.9 ± 1.1 mmol.L−1 and HYP 138.7 ± 33.1 v NOR 105.8 ± 20.8 min.mmol.L−1) and GH (HYP 4.4 ± 3.1 v NOR 2.1 ± 2.5 ng.mL−1 and HYP 117.7 ± 86.9 v NOR 72.9 ± 85.3 min.ng.mL−1) in response to HYP. These results suggest that performing high-intensity resistance exercise in a hypoxic environment may provide a beneficial endocrine response without compromising the neuromuscular activation required for maximal strength development.
Self-Control, Binge Drinking, and Perceptions of Drinking Levels

This study utilizes Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of Crime, also known as self-control theory, to determine if there is a relationship between self-control, binge drinking, and perceptions of drinking levels. The author inquires about subjects’ self-control, which should govern their tendency toward imprudent or risky behaviors. In this study, the risky behavior of interest is binge drinking. Further, the author examines the differences between college students at the beginning of the transitional phase of emerging adulthood and those at the end of that same phase. The author provides discussion of the relationship between self-control and binge drinking, the role of age relative to self-control and engaging in binge drinking, and what these findings mean for campus policies and programs. Finally, opportunities for future research are discussed.
Emotional Intelligence and Employee Creativity: Moderating Role of Proactive Personality and Organizational Climate

Abstract This study examined the relationships between emotional intelligence and employee creativity and specifically the moderating role of proactive personality and organizational climate in emotional intelligence—employee creativity relationship. The study was conducted on 250 full-time employees working at different levels from two public sector organizations in Bhutan. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test hypotheses of the study. Results revealed the positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and creativity. Moderated regression analyses revealed that employee’s proactive personality and organizational climate both influenced the relationship between emotional intelligence and employee creativity. Specifically, emotional intelligence exhibited the highest employee creativity when employee showed more proactive personality and when organizational climate were favorable for creativity. Decisively, the implications of the study have been explicated in the research.
Perceptions of Personal Safety Among Lower-Income Relationship Education Participants: A Grounded Theory Study

ABSTRACT The federal government has fiscally supported relationship education (RE) for lower-income citizens. However, concerns exist that this particular population may be at increased risk for intimate partner violence (IPV), and some are concerned that government endorsement of RE could encourage women to stay in unsafe and violent relationships. Research examining the relationship between RE and IPV is limited. Using grounded theory, the researchers sought to answer the question: How does participation in RE impact participants’ perceptions of safety in their intimate relationships? Researchers developed a theoretical model suggesting that through the course of RE, participants are exposed to both curriculum and group processes that help increase their awareness of themselves, their partner, and their relational processes, which contributes to increased feelings of connection and general safety within the relationship.
Racial Dialogues: A Phenomenological Study of Difficult Dialogues from the Perspective of High School English Teachers

This qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of six secondary English teachers in the Southeastern United States as they facilitated racial dialogues relative to the instruction of literary texts bearing racially and culturally sensitive themes, language, and events. This study was important, as racialized discourse has been recognized as becoming more difficult in work settings and classrooms in past years. Research conducted in universities revealed that faculty lack training and racial selfawareness to feel comfortable addressing issues of race in the classroom. Further, the issue of difficult racial dialogues is not just a problem affecting university faculty and students; it exists in the public K-12 school settings as well. The findings of this study show secondary literature teachers who facilitate class discussions in which race is the topic face discomforts due to personal conflicts relative to their own level of racial awareness, as well as an awareness of their students’ race and/or culture. Teachers realized they must teach literature that engages and meets the needs of students of color; however, they have concerns over ensuing discussions of topics often considered taboo. Additionally, teachers often experience discomfort regarding forces outside their classrooms that influence the nature of classroom discussions, and are frequently unsure as how to address these due to ambiguous district and school rulings on controversial topics. Finally, teachers need the support of one another through collaboration, and the support of their administration when parental and student concerns are raised. This study met its goal to expand research of difficult racial dialogues into the secondary English classroom setting in order to gain a better understanding of what teachers of minor students experience in these environments relative to the instruction of racially and culturally sensitive literature. Research supports the need for further expansion of critical race and critical race pedagogy into public schools. These studies should be conducted from the perspective of elementary through secondary school teachers and students in both literature as well as social studies classrooms where difficult dialogues are likely to evolve from topics of instruction.
Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Migration and the Role of Metalloproteinases and Hyaluronan

Human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) change their extracellular matrix composition during aging, with direct effects on cellular events and cell migration. For example, active matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is synthesized only by young AoSMCs, whereas aged cells produce only the inactive zymogen form. The pro-MMP-2 activation in young cells depends on an increase in membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase content. Furthermore, transcripts coding for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were upregulated in aged cells, and the increase of TIMPs also could prevent pro-MMP-2 activation. As consequence of these situations, young AoSMCs possess a higher migratory capability than aged cells on gelatin support. These data are confirmed by adding TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 to young cells which reproduces aged AoSMCs migratory behavior. The opposite effect was obtained in young cells silencing MMP-2 and TIMP-2.
Heavy Metal Contaminations in Urban Soil within Baghdad City, Iraq

Soil samples were collected from three land use types within Baghdad urban areas. The samples analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn indicated higher concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in the industrial area, while higher concentration of Mn was observed in the residential areas. However, the concentration of Cd, Ni and Pb was higher than the calculated worldwide mean of unpolluted soil. For both roadside and open areas soils, industrial area exhibited high values of Cd, Ni and Pb. The highest Single Element Pollution Index (SEPI) for Cd, Ni and Pb in the industrial soils seems therefore to be that this type of soil is the most polluted in the city of Baghdad. The calculated Combined Pollution Index (CPI) for Cd, Ni and Pb ranged from 0.98 to 2.15 with a mean of 1.28 for the entire urban soil samples, with the highest values in the industrial area which suggest multi-element contamination and in some cases are recommended for treatment. Furthermore, significant to extremely high values of enrichment factors were recorded confirming an important role of anthropogenic pollution.
Irlen Filters and Reading Strategies: Effect of Coloured Filters on Reading Achievement, Specific Reading Strategies, and Perception of Ability

The effect of tinted nonoptical (Irlen) lenses was investigated with 29 lens-using subjects and a control group of 31 subjects. Assessment of reading four months after the initial screening showed a significant improvement in reading rate and comprehension but not in accuracy. A significant decrease in the number of pauses while reading was also noted for the lens users as well as increases in correlation between word repetition and reading rate and accuracy. The lens users also showed significantly improved scores on a scale of attitude towards school tasks.
The Role of Time and Category Relatedness in Electronic Brainstorming

This study tested creativity of small electronic brainstorming (EBS) groups as a function of the homogeneity and heterogeneity of assigned sub-topics (categories) of a broader problem over time. A total of 168 participants were exposed to categories of high or low degree of relatedness, and their performance was tracked over time in group and e-nominal paradigm. Findings revealed that the EBS groups became more creative and exhibited slower productivity loss compared with the e-nominal groups over time. The assignment of homogeneous categories enhanced the average originality of ideas, over time especially for the EBS groups. The findings have implications for theoretical as well as practical perspectives for creative processes in small virtual brainstorming groups.
Mapping structural differences of the corpus callosum in individuals with 18q deletions using targetless regional spatial normalization

Individuals with a constitutional chromosome abnormality consisting of a deletion of a portion of the long arm of chromosome 18 (18q−) have a high incidence (∼95%) of dysmyelination. Neuroradiologic findings in affected children report a smaller corpus callosum, but this finding has not been quantified. This is in part due to the large intersubject variability of the corpus callosum size and shape and the small number of subjects with 18q−, which leads to low statistical power for comparison with typically developing children. An analysis method called targetless spatial normalization (TSN) was used to improve the sensitivity of statistical testing. TSN converges all images in a group into what is referred as group common space. The group common space conserves common shape, size, and orientation while reducing intragroup variability. TSN in conjunction with a Witelson vertical partitioning scheme was used to assess differences in corpus callosum size between 12 children with 18q− and 12 age‐matched normal controls. Significant global and regional differences in corpus callosum size were seen. The 18q− group showed an overall smaller (25%) corpus callosum (P < 10−7), even after correction for differences in brain size. Regionally, the posterior portions of corpus callosum (posterior midbody, isthmus, and splenium), which contain heavily myelinated fibers, were found to be 25% smaller in the population with 18q−. Hum Brain Mapping 24:325–331, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.