Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Success and Failure In Organizational Change: An Exploration of the Role of Values

One of the most remarkable aspects of organizational change efforts is their low success rate. There is substantial evidence that some 70% of all change initiatives fail. This article explores the argument that a potentially significant reason for this is a lack of alignment between the value system of the change intervention and of those members of an organization undergoing the change. In order to test this assertion, the article begins by reviewing the change literature with regard to the impact of values on success and failure. It then examines Graves' Emergent Cyclical Levels of Existence Theory and uses this as the basis of a method for identifying and aligning value systems. The article then presents the results from case studies of two change initiatives in different organizations. These support both the method and the assertion that value system alignment may be an important factor in the success of organizational change initiatives. The article concludes with recommendations for further research.
A Cross-National Examination of Self-Efficacy as a Moderator of Autonomy/Job Strain Relationships

This study evaluated the cross-national validity of cognitive appraisal theories (e.g. Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) of stress by examining differences in the interaction of job autonomy and generalised self-efficacy in the prediction of psychological and physical strains among US and Chinese employees. As posited by cognitive appraisal theories, high self-efficacy served as a buffer against low job autonomy in the prediction of psychological and physical strains among US employees. However, the buffering effect of self-efficacy was unclear among Chinese employees. For Chinese employees with high self-efficacy, job autonomy was negatively related to job strains, but for Chinese employees with low self-efficacy, job autonomy was positively related to job strains. The results highlight the importance of attending to culture in examinations of stressor–strain relations. Cette etude porte sur la validite transnationale des theories de l’evaluation cognitive du stress (par exemple: Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) par l’analyse de differences dans l’interaction entre l’autonomie dans le travail et l’auto-efficience globale dans la prediction des tensions physiques et psychologiques chez des salaries americains et chinois. Comme les theories de l’evaluation cognitive le prevoient, un niveau eleve d’auto-efficience compense le manque d’autonomie dans la prediction de tensions physiques et psychologiques chez les salaries americains. Toutefois, l’effet compensatoire de l’auto-efficience n’apparait pas clairement chez les salaries chinois. Pour les salaries chinois disposant d’une forte auto-efficience, l’autonomie dans le travail etait negativement correlee aux tensions professionnelles, mais chez ceux qui etaient dotes d’une auto-efficience faible, l’autonomie etait positivement liee aux tensions professionnelles. Ces resultats mettent en evidence la necessite de prendre la culture en consideration dans l’etude de la relation entre les facteurs de stress et les tensions.
Brain Perfusion Is Increased at Term in the White Matter of Very Preterm Newborns and Newborns with Congenital Heart Disease: Does this Reflect Activated Angiogenesis?

Abstract Objective This study aims to evaluate brain perfusion at term in very preterm newborns and newborns with congenital heart disease before their corrective surgery, and to search for histopathological indicators of whether the brain perfusion abnormalities of these newborns may be related to an activated angiogenesis. Materials and Methods Using magnetic resonance imaging and arterial spin labeling, regional cerebral blood flow was measured at a term-equivalent age for three very preterm newborns (born at < 32 weeks), one newborn with congenital heart disease before his corrective surgery and three healthy newborns. In addition, a histopathological analysis was performed on a newborn with congenital heart disease. Results The very preterm newborns and the newborn with congenital heart disease included in this study all displayed an increased signal in their white matter on T2-weighted imaging. The cerebral blood flow of these newborns was increased in their white matter, compared with the healthy term newborns. The vascular endothelial growth factor was overexpressed in the injured white matter of the newborn with congenital heart disease. Conclusion Brain perfusion may be increased at term in the white matter, in very preterm newborns, and newborns with congenital heart disease, and it correlates with white matter abnormalities on conventional imaging.
Strategies to screen for adrenal suppression in children with asthma: there is no consensus among UK centres

We have read with great interest the recent review by Wilson et al stating the case for an international registry for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). 1 This timely proposal prompts us to inform the community that, effective from 1 January 2008, the European Commission is funding a new network entitled “European IPF …
Alcoholics' expectancies and recall of experiences during intoxication.

Using a modified Q-sort test administered to 13 male alcoholics, the authors attempted to assess alcoholics' expectancies prior to drinking and to compare these with their subsequent self-reports of feeling states and behavior during experimentally induced intoxication. They found that during intoxication subjects observed significantly more aggression, sexuality, and dysphoria in themselves than they had anticipated. A marked increase in irresponsible behavior, however, was successfully predicted.
Perception thresholds for vertical vibration at the hand , seat and foot

In many occupational and leisure environments, the human body is exposed to oscillatory motions of handles, seats and floors which give rise to complex patterns of sensations. Knowledge of differences in sensitivity to the perception of vibration at the hand, seat and foot would assist the identification of sources of discomfort caused by vibration. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of vibration frequency (8 to 315 Hz for the hand and foot, 2 to 315 Hz for the seat) and input location (the hand, seat and foot) on thresholds for perception of vertical vibration. Perception thresholds were determined with 36 males aged 20 to 30 years divided into three groups of 12 subjects; each group received vertical vibration at either the hand, or the seat, or the foot. At frequencies less than 50 Hz, sensitivity to vertical vibration at the seat was the greatest and sensitivity to vertical vibration at the hand was least (p<0.04). The differences in median sensitivity between the three locations were greatest at low frequencies: at 50 Hz the ratios of perception thresholds (ms r.m.s) for the three inputs were about 1.0 (seat):1.5 (foot):3.0 (hand); at 10 Hz the ratios were 1.0 (seat):3.0 (foot):5.0 (hand). A similarity in the shapes of the threshold contours at frequencies greater than 80 Hz suggests the same psychophysical channel mediated high frequency thresholds at the hand, seat and foot.
Using Test Scores From Students With Disabilities in Teacher Evaluation

Much of the recent focus of educational policymakers has been on improving the measurement of teacher effectiveness. Linking student growth to teacher effects has been a large part of reform efforts. To date, neither researchers nor practitioners have arrived at a consensus on how to treat test scores from students with disabilities in growth-based teacher effectiveness indicators, despite the fact that these students make up approximately 13% of the K-12 student population. In this study, we leverage longitudinal data from the population of teachers in one state to explore practical questions related to including general assessment scores from students with disabilities in teacher evaluation. Findings suggest that including test scores from students with disabilities allows more teachers to be evaluated and does not substantially affect teachers’ scores. Moreover, including disability-related covariates can allow for fairer evaluations for teachers with many students with disabilities in their class.
To the rhythm of shopping—on synchronisation in urban landscapes of consumption

This article deals with the impact of retail rhythms on urban life and urban landscape, with a special focus on tendencies toward synchronisation. The article is divided into three sections. First, the history of synchronisations in public space is traced, and it is argued that the retail business has become an increasingly important actor in the production of urban temporal landscapes. Second, six different types of spatial synchronisation are discussed, derived from studies of the city of Malmö, Sweden. Finally, I discuss the problems associated with increased spatial synchronisation, as imposed by retail businesses, on public life and space, arguing that urban synchronisations might lead to isorhythmic tendencies and a decrease in the territorial complexity of public space.
Adolescent Girls' Perceptions of Smoking Risk and Protective Factors: Implications for Message Design

ABSTRACT Using a snowball technique, in-depth interviews were conducted with 108 girls emanating from seven demographically dissimilar social networks. Girls were asked to classify 58 items as either a risk or protective factor for smoking initiation and then to assign an importance weighting to each. All items except one (worries about her weight) were clearly categorized as risk or protective; mean levels of agreement were 80.8% for perceived risk items and 92.6% for perceived protective items. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the weights given to the perceived risk items found that 28 items loaded on seven factors (social, affect, access, media, offers, family, and image) and explained 71.26% of the variance. PCA of 25 protective items revealed four factors (health, family, looks, and barriers) that explained 73.35% of the variance. Significant group differences on the importance weights were found, primarily by school (public or private), age (12–14 years or 15–16 years), having a friend who smokes (yes or no), and having tried smoking (yes or no). These group differences support the idea of having a broader array of antismoking messages for adolescent girls so that important subgroups can be targeted. Additional results support the position of developing antismoking messages with positive, affirming themes.
Quality of assistance provided to children with sickle cell disease by primary healthcare services

Objective To evaluate the quality of healthcare provided to sickle cell disease children by primary healthcare services in a region of high prevalence. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed by interviewing members of families with sickle cell disease children. The children had been identified from the Neonatal Screening Program in Minas Gerais state over the last 12 years in towns of the Montes Claros-Bocaiuva microregion. A structured questionnaire specially developed for this study and based on three axes was used: indicators of the child's health (immunization, growth and development, prophylaxis antibiotic therapy), perception of care by the family (health education and accessibility) and knowledge of the family about the disease. Results Sixty-three of 71 families with children identified as having sickle cell disease were interviewed. The predominant genotypes were Hb SS (44.4%) and Hb SC (41.2%). Adequate monitoring of growth and development was recorded for the first year of life in 23 children (36.6%) and for the second year of life in 18 children (28.6%). The basic vaccination schedule was completed by 44 children (69.8%) but 62 vaccination record cards (98.4%) identified delays of special vaccines. Regular use of prophylactic penicillin was reported by 55 caregivers (87.3%). The family's perception of the care provided suggests poor accessibility to health services and lack of opportunities to answer doubts. The average performance of families in knowledge testing was 59.8%. Conclusion The quality of healthcare is unsatisfactory. The care provided to children with sickle cell disease in primary healthcare services needs improvements.
Exploring the Unmet Needs of the Patients in the Outpatient Respiratory Medical Clinic: Patients versus Clinicians Perspectives

Aim. Developing a theoretical framework explaining patients' behaviour and actions related to unmet needs during interactions with health care professionals in hospital-based outpatient respiratory medical clinics. Background. The outpatient respiratory medical clinic plays a prominent role in many patients' lives regarding treatment and counselling increasing the need for a better understanding of patients' perspective to the counselling of the health care professionals. Design. The study is exploratory and based on Charmaz's interpretation of grounded theory. Methods. The study included 65 field observations with a sample of 43 patients, 11 doctors, and 11 nurses, as well as 30 interviews with patients, conducted through theoretical sampling from three outpatient respiratory medical clinics in Denmark. Findings. The patients' efforts to share their significant stories triggered predominantly an adaptation or resistance behaviour, conceptualized as “fitting in” and “fighting back” behaviour, explaining the patients' counterreactions to unrecognized needs during the medical encounter. Conclusion. Firstly this study allows for a better understanding of patients' counterreactions in the time-pressured and, simultaneously, tight structured guidance program in the outpatient clinic. Secondly the study offers practical and ethical implications as to how health care professionals' attitudes towards patients can increase their ability to support emotional suffering and increase patient participation and responsiveness to guidance in the lifestyle changes.
Re-authentication in Wireless Sensor Network

In an unprotected environment of Wireless Sensor Network, the authentication scheme for multicast secure communication has to be designed with limited usage of resources and computation. In Multicast Authentication Based on Batch Signature-Enhanced (MABS-E) scheme, a tree construction to counteract the Denial of Service (DoS) attack requires latency at the sender. This authentication latency leads to the jitter effect on real-time applications at the receiver. In few applications, user mobility is considered for authentication process. And also, due to user mobility, the sensor node is compromised. This paper proposes a technique called Batch based Selective Bin Verification (BSBV), which avoids the construction of merkle tree. It reduces latency and allows the receiver to tolerate DoS attack even in the case where the attack fails to be detected. In order to prevent to compromise a node, re-authentication scheme is employed, can prolong the lifetime of the sensor network is provided. The number of inspections of each packet is decreased when binning technique is used. In BSBV technique, the packet failure rate is decreased to 0.01 from 0.04 because all are verified with the batch verification, when the chosen bin is two. The Packet Delivery Ratio is 82.95% when fifteen malicious nodes are presented. Index Terms—Multicast, Authentication, Signature, Reauthentication, Membership verification
Non-response in a survey among immigrants in Denmark

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the character of response bias in a Danish survey among native Danes and immigrants from Turkey, Iran and Pakistan and thus enable the tailoring of future surveys to particular immigrants groups. We find that both contact rates and cooperation rates are lower for immigrants, leading to a significantly lower overall response rate. We also find important differences between groups - immigrants from Pakistan are especially difficult to reach, while refusals are particularly high among those from Turkey. Language is likewise important as a very large share of women could not be interviewed in Danish. We analyse not only the determinants of the probability of contact and the probability of cooperation but also the determinants of overall nonresponse, by looking at individual characteristics and observable interviewer characteristics. We find that the characteristics of the sample persons are important for both contact and cooperation rates, with different factors affecting each. Yet none of the observable interviewer characteristics appear to affect the response rate. Furthermore, after controlling for all the other variables, we find that the lower probability of response among immigrants compared to native Danes persists. The analysis clearly points to the need for tailoring surveys directed to immigrant groups to avoid response bias.
Selective Sequestration of STAT1 in the Cytoplasm via Phosphorylated SHP-2 Ameliorates Murine Experimental Colitis

The side effects of current immunosuppressive drugs have impeded the development of therapies for immune diseases. Selective regulation of STAT signaling is an attractive strategy for treating immune disorders. In this study, we used a small-molecule compound to explore possible means of targeting STAT1 for the treatment of Th1-mediated inflammation. Selective regulation of STAT1 signaling in T cells from C57BL/6 mice was accomplished using fusaruside, a small-molecule compound that triggers the tyrosine phosphorylation of Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2). The interaction of tyrosine phosphorylated SHP-2 (pY-SHP-2) with cytosolic STAT1 prevented the recruitment of STAT1 to IFN-γR and specifically inhibited STAT1 signaling, resulting in a reduction in Th1 cytokine production and an improvement in 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice. Blocking the pY-SHP-2–STAT1 interaction, with SHP-2 inhibitor NSC-87877 or using T cells from conditional SHP-2 knockout mice, reversed the effects of fusaruside, resulting in STAT1 activation and worsened colitis. The fusaruside-induced ability of pY-SHP-2 to selectively sequestrate STAT1 from recruitment to the receptor is independent of its function as a phosphatase, demonstrating a novel role for SHP-2 in regulating both STAT1 signaling and Th1-type immune responses. These findings could lead to increased options for the treatment of Crohn’s disease and other Th1-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Conventional Thought and Practice in Physical Education: Problems of Teaching and Implications for Change

Viewed in the light of benchmarks for professional quality, the generally weak commitment to teaching clearly becomes the main problem with current physical education. The ideological legacy of the profession—the two conventional ideas of “physical education as training of the physical” and “physical education as education through the physical”—is a main cause of confusion as well as the source for the growing lack of public support for physical education as an integral school subject. This paper looks at the theory of the self-reproducing failing of physical education as an hypothesis to explain this continuing plummet of physical education. Prospects for change are dependent on (a) creating conceptual clarity and cohesiveness among physical education teacher educators, (b) recruiting carefully, (c) maintaining “learning to reflect” as the leitmotiv of the teacher education program, and (d) developing an agreement of concepts among student teaching supervisors.
How Does a Travel Trip Affect Tourists’ Life Satisfaction?

The goal of the research reported in this article was to develop a model describing how positive and negative affect associated with specific experiences of a travel trip influence tourists’ overall sense of well-being (life satisfaction). The model is based on the theoretical notion that a travel trip influences life satisfaction through tourists’ experiences of positive and negative affect associated with a recent tourist trip couched within various life domains (e.g., social life, leisure life, family life, cultural life, health and safety, love life, work life, and financial life). We conducted two studies. The first study was qualitative, designed to identify specific sources of positive and negative affect generated by the most recent tourist trip experiences in the context of various life domains. The second study involved a survey of tourists ( N = 264) to test the model in a formal manner. The data provided support for the overall model; the data also helped identify specific sources of positive and negative affect that play a significant role in tourists’ overall sense of well-being. Specific managerial recommendations are made for tourist operators based on the study findings.
Human Gut Symbiont Roseburia hominis Promotes and Regulates Innate Immunity

Objective Roseburia hominis is a flagellated gut anaerobic bacterium belonging to the Lachnospiraceae family within the Firmicutes phylum. A significant decrease of R. hominis colonization in the gut of ulcerative colitis patients has recently been demonstrated. In this work, we have investigated the mechanisms of R. hominis–host cross talk using both murine and in vitro models. Design The complete genome sequence of R. hominis A2-183 was determined. C3H/HeN germ-free mice were mono-colonized with R. hominis, and the host–microbe interaction was studied using histology, transcriptome analyses and FACS. Further investigations were performed in vitro and using the TLR5KO and DSS-colitis murine models. Results In the bacterium, R. hominis, host gut colonization upregulated genes involved in conjugation/mobilization, metabolism, motility, and chemotaxis. In the host cells, bacterial colonization upregulated genes related to antimicrobial peptides, gut barrier function, toll-like receptors (TLR) signaling, and T cell biology. CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cell numbers increased in the lamina propria of both mono-associated and conventional mice treated with R. hominis. Treatment with the R. hominis bacterium provided protection against DSS-induced colitis. The role of flagellin in host–bacterium interaction was also investigated. Conclusion Mono-association of mice with R. hominis bacteria results in specific bidirectional gene expression patterns. A set of genes thought to be important for host colonization are induced in R. hominis, while the host cells respond by strengthening gut barrier function and enhancing Treg population expansion, possibly via TLR5-flagellin signaling. Our data reveal the immunomodulatory properties of R. hominis that could be useful for the control and treatment of gut inflammation.
Psychotic Symptoms and Prior Use of Psychiatric Services in Psychotic Offenders Detained Under the Dutch Entrustment Act (TBS): An Exploratory Study

According to the literature, most forensic psychotic patients have been in contact with general psychiatry before the index offense. However, the services received are not always in agreement with their needs. Comorbidity with a conduct disorder or antisocial personality disorder can influence the first admission to psychiatry. Four groups of patients with a history of severe violent offenses, but not sex offenses, were recruited from forensic psychiatric hospitals (TBS-hospitals) and one general hospital (N= 137). The design was retrospective, all information was extracted from existing files, and a list of sociodemographic, psychiatric, and criminological variables was used. A SPSS statistical package was used to analyze the data. It was hypothesized that psychotic offenders had more positive and negative psychotic symptoms and that they made less use of psychiatric services and psychotropic drugs, compared to psychotic patients in general psychiatry. Psychotic offenders had received less treatment, both in childhood and as adult, compared to psychotic patients in general psychiatry. General psychiatry could prevent psychotic patients tfrom becoming offenders, while forensic psychiatry can be of significant assistance to general psychiatry in learning how to perform risk assessment and how to deal with the antisocial characteristics in psychotic patients.