Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Study on Lexicon-based Ensemble Classification Sentiment Analysis

We propose a novel method for counting sentiment orientation that outperforms supervised learning approaches in time and memory complexity and is not statistically significantly different from them in accuracy. Our method consists of a novel approach to generating unigram, bigram and trigram lexicons. The proposed method, called frequentiment, is based on calculating the frequency of features (words) in the document and averaging their impact on the sentiment score as opposed to documents that do not contain these features. Afterwards, we use ensemble classification to improve the overall accuracy of the method. What is important is that the frequentiment-based lexicons with sentiment threshold selection outperform other popular lexicons and some supervised learners, while being 3–5 times faster than the supervised approach. We compare 37 methods (lexicons, ensembles with lexicon’s predictions as input and supervised learners) applied to 10 Amazon review data sets and provide the first statistical comparison of the sentiment annotation methods that include ensemble approaches. It is one of the most comprehensive comparisons of domain sentiment analysis in the literature.
SeCoA: Autonomous semantic service composition algorithm in symbiotic networks

We propose symbiotic networks, a novel approach toward sharing of network resources in order to increase the scalability, dependability and energy efficiency of colocated networks. As symbiotic networks offer large amounts of software services, one challenge is to allow these services to operate “symbiotically” as well. By combining services from different parties, service compositions arise, which allow for a richer set of functionality. Creating such compositions, however, requires intricate knowledge about services and their interoperability. Using a semantic domain and service model, we describe SeCoA, a tunable best-first search algorithm for autonomously constructing symbiotic service compositions. A performance evaluation of SeCoA was conducted, showing that the algorithm offers acceptable performance for moderately sized compositions.
Digital filter multiple access PONs with DSP-enabled software reconfigurability

Digital filter multiple access (DFMA) passive optical networks (PONs) are, for the first time to our knowledge, proposed and extensively investigated, where digital signal processing (DSP)-enabled, software-reconfigurable, digital orthogonal filtering is employed in each individual optical network unit (ONU) and the optical line terminal to enable all ONUs to dynamically share the transmission medium under the control of the centralized software-defined controller and the transceiver-embedded DSP controllers. The DFMA PONs fully support software-defined networking with the network control further extended to the physical layer. As digital filtering is the fundamental process at the heart of the proposed DFMA PONs, the filtering-induced tradeoffs among upstream transmission capacity, filter design flexibility, and filter DSP complexity are examined, based on which optimum filter design guidelines are identified for various application scenarios. Furthermore, the performance characteristics of the DFMA PONs are also numerically explored in terms of maximum achievable upstream transmission capacity, differential ONU launch power dynamic range, and ONU count-dependent minimum received optical power.
α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory actions modulate brain functions

The interaction between the immune system and the central nervous system is largely unknown and under intense scrutiny by the biomedical community. Research results during the last decades have identified important two-way communication processes between these two systems, mediated by the cytokine network as well as by “classical” neurotransmitters. The dogma of a separate functioning of the two systems has been conclusively challenged with the discovery that not only neurotransmitters affect immune system function, but also inflammation affects neuronal cells through the same “cytokine network” that connects the different components of the immune system. The “classical” transmitter acetylcholine is an important modulator of both neuronal and immune function through both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Among the latter, a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) possess the peculiar property of being expressed in immune cells as well as in neurons. While the modulation of neuronal activity by direct activation of a7 nAChRs is relatively well described, the hypothesis that a7 nAChRs may influence neuronal behavior indirectly, through inhibition of inflammation, is a relatively new concept. This review aims to summarize the evidence that activation of a7 nAChRs may influence brain function not only by direct action on certain neuronal pathways, but also by reducing inflammation (central and/or peripheral), decreasing the levels of circulating cytokines and consequently, their influence on neuronal activity.
Beyond modality and hedging: A dialogic view of the language of intersubjective stance

This article offers a framework for analysing the linguistic resources of intersubjective positioning, meanings which have elsewhere been treated under such headings as modality, polarity, evidentiality, hedging, concession, intensification, attribution and consequentiality. Drawing inspiration from Bakhtin/Volosinov's dialogic perspective, it proposes that this lexico-grammatically diverse grouping can be brought together on discourse semantic grounds, namely that they all provide the means for speakers/writers to take a stance towards the various points-of-view or social positionings being referenced by the text and thereby to position themselves with respect to the other social subjects who hold those positions. The paper offers a typology of these resources, with categorizations attending to differences in the way the textual voice engages with the alternative voices and/or points-of-view being referenced or activated by the text. It argues, for example, that these resources can be broadly divided into those which entertain or open up the space for dialogic alternatives and, alternatively, those which suppress or close down the space for such alternation. The typology has emerged from continued research into the interpersonal functionality of discourse, research interested in how language construes social roles and relationships and in the potential of language to operate rhetorically to influence beliefs, attitudes, expectations and modes of interrelating. In order to demonstrate the application of the typology to the exploration of such questions, the paper singles out one issue for close attention - the linguistic mechanisms by which texts naturalise certain value positions and construct for themselves ideal, model or compliant readerships.
Acoustic scattering by periodic arrays of air-bubbles

This paper considers acoustic scattering by and propagation through line and plane arrays of air-bubbles in liquid media. The self-consistent method is used to derive the effective scattering function of a single bubble embedded in the arrays, incorporating all multiple scattering processes. For the line case, an exact result is derived. In the plane array situation, only an approximate analytic result is possible. Numerical computations have been carried out to show the multiple scattering effects on wave scattering. It is shown that depending on the distance between bubbles the resonance peak of a single bubble can either be broadened or narrowed due to multiple scattering and it shows an oscillatory behavior as the distance changes. Meanwhile, the peak scattering amplitude is also be either enhanced or reduced. The previously predicted strong enhancement, however, is not evident. For plane arrays, the usual resonant scattering of a single bubble in absence of other bubbles can be suppressed by multiple scattering when the distance between bubbles is sufficiently small. As the distance increases, the resonant scattering starts to appear, and the resonance peak position is alternately shifted towards higher and lower values. Moreover, it is predicted that wave propagation through a plane bubble array can be significantly inhibited in a range of frequencies slightly higher than the natural frequency of a single bubble, possibly a useful feature for noise screening. The ambiguities in the previous results are pointed out.
Factors associated with mortality of HIV-positive clients receiving methadone maintenance treatment in China.

BACKGROUND Little is known about mortality of opiate users attending methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinics. We sought to investigate mortality and its predictors among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive MMT clients. METHODS Records of 306 786 clients enrolled in China's MMT program from 24 March 2004 to 30 April 2011 were abstracted. Mortality rates were calculated for all HIV-positive antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naive and ART-experienced clients. Risk factors were examined using stratified proportional hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS The observed mortality rate for all clients was 11.8/1000 person-years (PY, 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.5-12.1) and 57.2/1000 PY (CI, 54.9-59.4) for HIV-positive clients (n = 18 193). An increase in average methadone doses to >75 mg/day was associated with a 24% reduction in mortality (HR = 0.76, CI, .70-.82), a 48% reduction for ART-naive HIV-positive clients (HR = 0.52, CI, .42-.65), and a 47% reduction for ART-experienced HIV-positive clients (HR = 0.53, CI, .46-.62). Among ART-experienced clients, initiation of ART when the CD4(+) T-cell count was >300 cells/mm(3) (HR = 0.64, CI, .43-.94) was also associated with decreased risk of death. CONCLUSIONS We found high mortality rates among HIV-positive MMT clients, yet decreased risk of death, with earlier ART initiation and higher methadone doses. A higher daily methadone dose was associated with reduced mortality in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected clients, independent of ART.
Willmore spheres in quaternionic projective space

The Willmore energy for Frenet curves in quaternionic projective space is the generalization of the Willmore functional for immersions into the 4-sphere. Critical points of the Willmore energy are called Willmore curves in quaternionic projective space. Using a Baecklund transformation on Willmore curves, we generalize Bryant's result on Willmore spheres in 3--space: a Willmore sphere in quaternionic projective space has integer Willmore energy, and is given by complex holomorphic data.
TERT promoter mutations and long telomere length predict poor survival and radiotherapy resistance in gliomas

Increasing evidences have implicated somatic gain-of-function mutations at the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter as one of the major mechanisms that promote transcriptional activation of TERT and subsequently maintain telomere length in human cancers including glioma. To investigate the prognostic value of these mutations and telomere length, individually and their coexistence, in gliomas, we analyzed two somatic mutations C228T and C250T in the TERT promoter, relative telomere length (RTL), IDH1 mutation and MGMT methylation in 389 glioma patients, and explored their associations with patient characteristics and clinical outcomes. Our data showed that C228T and C250T mutations were found in 17.0% (66 of 389) and 11.8% (46 of 389) of gliomas, respectively, and these two mutations were mutually exclusive in this cancer. Moreover, they were significantly associated with WHO grade. We also found that the RTL was significant longer in gliomas than in meningiomas and normal brain tissues (Median, 0.89 vs. 0.44 and 0.50; P < 0.001), and demonstrated that the RTL was strongly correlated with tumor recurrence. Importantly, TERT promoter mutations or long RTL caused a significantly poorer survival than TERT wild-type or short RTL. Coexisting TERT promoter mutations and long RTL were more commonly associated with poor patient survival than they were individually. Notably, the patients with TERT promoter mutations particularly C228T or long RTL were resistant to radiotherapy. Collectively, TERT promoter mutations and long RTL are not only prognostic factors for poor clinical outcomes, but also the predictors of radiotherapy resistance in gliomas.
The diocotron instability in a pulsar cylindrical electrosphere

Context. The physics of the pulsar inner magnetosphere remains poorly constrained by observations. Although about 2000 pulsars have been discovered to date, little is known about their emission mechanism. Large vacuum gaps probably exist and a non-neutral plasma made of electrons in some regions and of positrons in some other regions fills space to form an electrosphere. Aims. The purpose of this work is to study the stability properties of the differentially rotating equatorial disk in the pulsar's electrosphere for which the magnetic field is assumed to be dipolar. In contrast to previous studies, the magnetic field is not restricted to being uniform. Methods. A pseudo-spectral Galerkin method using Tchebyshev-polynomial expansion is developed to compute the spectrum of the diocotron instability in a non-neutral plasma column confined between two cylindrically conducting walls. Moreover, the inner wall carries a given charge per unit length in order to account for the presence of a charged neutron star at the centre of the electrosphere. Results. We show several eigenfunctions and eigenspectra obtained for different initial density profiles and electromagnetic field configurations useful for laboratory plasmas. The algorithm is very efficient in computing the fastest growing modes. Applications to a "cylindrical" electrosphere are also shown for several differential rotation profiles. It is found that the growth rates of the diocotron instability have the same order of magnitude as the rotation rate. Conclusions. The instability develops on a very short timescale and can account for very efficient particle diffusion across the magnetic field lines, as already claimed in a previous work. The exact geometry of the confined plasma, whether a thin disk or a cylinder, does not significantly affect the spectrum of the diocotron instability.
Automated Reconstruction Algorithm for Identification of 3D Architectures of Cribriform Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre-invasive carcinoma of the breast that exhibits several distinct morphologies but the link between morphology and patient outcome is not clear. We hypothesize that different mechanisms of growth may still result in similar 2D morphologies, which may look different in 3D. To elucidate the connection between growth and 3D morphology, we reconstruct the 3D architecture of cribriform DCIS from resected patient material. We produce a fully automated algorithm that aligns, segments, and reconstructs 3D architectures from microscopy images of 2D serial sections from human specimens. The alignment algorithm is based on normalized cross correlation, the segmentation algorithm uses histogram equilization, Otsu's thresholding, and morphology techniques to segment the duct and cribra. The reconstruction method combines these images in 3D. We show that two distinct 3D architectures are indeed found in samples whose 2D histological sections are similarly identified as cribriform DCIS. These differences in architecture support the hypothesis that luminal spaces may form due to different mechanisms, either isolated cell death or merging fronds, leading to the different architectures. We find that out of 15 samples, 6 were found to have ‘bubble-like’ cribra, 6 were found to have ‘tube-like’ criba and 3 were ‘unknown. ’ We propose that the 3D architectures found, ‘bubbles’ and ‘tubes’, account for some of the heterogeneity of the disease and may be prognostic indicators of different patient outcomes.
Diverse Cognitive Profiles of Religious Believers and Nonbelievers

ABSTRACT The factors that make people religious or atheistic are currently much debated, and empirical evidence is limited. Further, the possibility that both religious believers and nonbelievers comprise diverse subtypes with different characteristics has seldom been considered. In this study, characteristics of religious believers (N = 984) and nonbelievers (N = 1,000) were analyzed with latent class analyses. These analyses identified five religious subgroups and five nonbeliever subgroups that differed in analytical thinking, empathizing, mechanistic cognition (i.e., systemizing), and autistic and schizotypal traits. The results highlight the strengths and limitations of current theoretical arguments about religious beliefs.
Changes of Functional MRI Findings in a Patient Whose Pathological Gambling Improved with Fluvoxamine

Legalized gambling is a growing industry, and is probably a factor in the presently increasing prevalence of pathological gambling. We present a case of a 36-year-old pathological gambler who was treated with fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and who was assessed by functional MRI before and after drug administration. During activation periods, the pathological gambler was shown cards as stimuli, and fMRI results in several brain regions showed differential effects before and after medication and a maintenance period. This case demonstrates that the treatment response to fluvoxamine in a pathological gambler was observed not only by subjective self-report, but also by objective fMRI results. Therefore, fMRI may be a useful tool in the diagnosis and prediction of treatment response in patients afflicted with pathological gambling.
SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restarts

Restart techniques are common in gradient-free optimization to deal with multimodal functions. Partial warm restarts are also gaining popularity in gradient-based optimization to improve the rate of convergence in accelerated gradient schemes to deal with ill-conditioned functions. In this paper, we propose a simple warm restart technique for stochastic gradient descent to improve its anytime performance when training deep neural networks. We empirically study its performance on the CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets, where we demonstrate new state-of-the-art results at 3.14% and 16.21%, respectively. We also demonstrate its advantages on a dataset of EEG recordings and on a downsampled version of the ImageNet dataset. Our source code is available at this https URL
Preliminary evaluation of a MRI-compatible modular robotic system for MRI-guided prostate interventions

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) guided robotic interventions have been introduced in order to advance prostate cancer detection and treatment. To overcome problems of such robotic interventions, we have been developing a pneumatically actuated MRI-compatible modular robotic system for MRI-guided transperineal prostate intervention and its interventional procedure. For system evaluation, a series of experiments have been conducted and this paper reports a needle insertion experiment using prostate phantom and patient mockup trials. The needle insertion experiment resulted in noticeable consistent error in one direction, which we will investigate further. Nonetheless, patient mockup experiences suggest that the modular robotic system and its interventional procedure are well integrated and implemented in clinical environment.
Starburst galaxies and structure in the submillimetre background towards the Hubble Deep Field

We use an 850-μm SCUBA map of the Hubble Deep Field (HDF) to study the dust properties of optically-selected starburst galaxies at high redshift. The optical/infrared (IR) data in the HDF allow a photometric redshift to be estimated for each galaxy, together with an estimate of the visible star-formation rate. The 850-μm flux density of each source provides the complementary information: the amount of hidden, dust-enshrouded star formation activity. Although the 850-μm map does not allow detection of the majority of individual sources, we show that the galaxies with the highest UV star-formation rates are detected statistically, with a flux density of about S 850 =0.2 mJy for an apparent UV star-formation rate of 1 h −2 M ⊙ yr −1 . This level of submillimetre output indicates that the total star-forming activity is on average a factor of approximately 6 times larger than the rate inferred from the UV output of these galaxies. The general population of optical starbursts is then predicted to contribute at least 25 per cent of the 850-μm background. We carry out a power-spectrum analysis of the map, which yields some evidence for angular clustering of the background source population, but at a level lower than that seen in Lyman-break galaxies. Together with other lines of argument, particularly from the NICMOS HDF data, this suggests that the 850-μm background originates over an extremely wide range of redshifts — perhaps 1≲ z ≲6.
Preventing HIV Among Young People: Research Priorities for the Future

Objective:To review the current state of knowledge on the prevention of sexual transmission of HIV in adolescents and to highlight the existing gaps and priority areas for future research. Background:A disproportionate burden of HIV infections falls on adolescents, a developmental stage marked by unique neural, biological, and social transition. Successful interventions are critical to prevent the spread of HIV in this vulnerable population. Methods:We summarized the current state of research on HIV prevention in adolescents by providing examples of successful interventions and best practices, and highlighting current research gaps. Results:Adolescent interventions fall into 3 main categories: biomedical, behavioral, and structural. The majority of current research has focused on individual behavior change, whereas promising biomedical and structural interventions have been largely understudied in adolescents. Combination prevention interventions may be particularly valuable to this group. Conclusions:Adolescents have unique needs with respect to HIV prevention, and, thus, interventions should be designed to most effectively reach out to this population with information and services that will be relevant to them.
Relationship marketing in sports: a functional approach.

Abstract This paper examines how and why consumers devel-op, enter into, and maintain relationships in a sportsmarketing context. This paper presents a frameworkfor understanding how and why consumers engage inrelationship marketing. Based on Kelman's functionalapproach to attitude change, this framework presentsthree qualitatively different levels for understandingrelationship formation and maintenance: (a) compli-ance is superficial, temporary, and often the result ofexternal influence; (b) identification is related to self-esteem and image enhancement of sport consumers;and (c) internalization is the result of values similarity.Internalization is more likely to result in a long-termrelationship. Relationship Marketing in Sports: AFunctional Approach Recently, relationship marketing has received con-siderable attention in practice. Sports organizations arefocusing on long-term consumer retention and incor-porating a variety of database-management techniquesto maintain and enhance customer relationships.Although consumer-focused relationship marketinghas received a significant amount of attention in thefield, little theoretical work in the study of relationshipmarketing in sport supplements or justifies the profes-sional trend. Additionally, current research in relation-ship marketing has been in the context of sales