Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Body shame and health information seeking: The roles of body responsiveness and perceived control over health

Body shame predicts participation in poor health behaviors (e.g., smoking, restricted eating) because these behaviors may mitigate appearance concerns. The present research tests whether body shame can affect a wider range of health behaviors through additional mechanisms. In addition to appearance concerns, body shame may also diminish body responsiveness, or the valuing of internal bodily signals. Diminished body responsiveness may decrease the control one perceives having over one’s health, thereby impacting health behaviors that aren’t expected to improve appearance, like health information seeking. Pilot data revealed that trait body shame predicted increased acute health outcomes, and that diminished body responsiveness and decreased perceived control over health mediated this relationship. Study 1 tested this same model, but with health information seeking outcome variables. As expected, body shame predicted diminished body responsiveness. However, body shame was positively related to measures of health information seeking, and the proposed mediation was not significant. Because these effects may have been due to measurement issues with the hypothesized mediators, the model was retested in Study 2, but perceived control over health was manipulated. Trait body shame predicted diminished body responsiveness, which in turn predicted decreased health information seeking, but unexpectedly, this result occurred when perceived control over health was high, rather than low. This may suggest that, for participants with high trait body shame, the high perceived control over health condition was interpreted as self-blame for negative events that occur within the body, which stifled health information seeking, while the low perceived control over health condition let shame-prone participants off the hook for these negative health outcomes, which increased health information seeking. In sum, trait body shame predicted poor health behaviors not expected to mitigate appearance concerns, but not via the proposed mechanisms. Future directions include testing mediators between health information seeking and health outcomes, as well as interrupting the relationship between body shame and poor health behaviors and outcomes by increasing body responsiveness through mindfulness meditation.
Cluster algebras via cluster categories with infinite-dimensional morphism spaces

Abstract We apply our previous work on cluster characters for Hom-infinite cluster categories to the theory of cluster algebras. We give a new proof of Conjectures 5.4, 6.13, 7.2, 7.10 and 7.12 of Fomin and Zelevinsky’s Cluster algebras IV [Compositio Math. 143 (2007), 112–164] for skew-symmetric cluster algebras. We also construct an explicit bijection sending certain objects of the cluster category to the decorated representations of Derksen, Weyman and Zelevinsky, and show that it is compatible with mutations in both settings. Using this map, we give a categorical interpretation of the E-invariant and show that an arbitrary decorated representation with vanishing E-invariant is characterized by its g-vector. Finally, we obtain a substitution formula for cluster characters of not necessarily rigid objects.
Ju l 2 00 9 TIT / HEP-593 TIFR / TH / 09-07 QMUL-PH-09-04 The fuzzy S 2 structure of M 2M 5 systems in ABJM membrane theories

We analyse the fluctuations of the ground-state/funnel solutions proposed to describe M2-M5 systems in the level-k mass-deformed/pure Chern-Simons-matter ABJM theory of multiple membranes. We show that in the large N limit the fluctuations approach the space of functions on the 2-sphere rather than the naively expected 3-sphere. This is a novel realisation of the fuzzy 2-sphere in the context of Matrix Theories, which uses bifundamental instead of adjoint scalars. Starting from the multiple M2-brane action, a U(1) Yang-Mills theory on R2,1 × S2 is recovered at large N , which is consistent with a single D4-brane interpretation in Type IIA string theory. This is as expected at large k, where the semiclassical analysis is valid. Several aspects of the fluctuation analysis, the ground-state/funnel solutions and the mass-deformed/pure ABJM equations can be understood in terms of a discrete noncommutative realisation of the Hopf fibration. We discuss the implications for the possibility of finding an M2-brane worldvolume derivation of the classical S3 geometry of the M2-M5 system. Using a rewriting of the equations of the SO(4)-covariant fuzzy 3-sphere construction, we also directly compare this fuzzy 3-sphere against the ABJM ground-state/funnel solutions and show them to be different. E-mail address: nastase.h. aa@m.titech. ac.jp E-mail address: costis@theory.tifr. res.in E-mail address: s.ramgoolam@qmul.ac. uk
3'phosphoinositide‐dependent kinase‐1 is essential for ischemic preconditioning of the myocardium

Brief periods of ischemia and reperfusion that precede sustained ischemia lead to a reduction in myocardial infarct size. This phenomenon, known as ischemic preconditioning, is mediated by signaling pathway(s) that are yet to be fully defined. 3'‐phosphoinositide‐dependent kinase‐1 (PDK1) has been implicated in numerous cellular processes. However, the involvement of PDK1 in preconditioning has yet to be elucidated. Studying PDK1 is not as straightforward as it is for the majority of kinases, due to the lack of a specific inhibitor of PDK1. Therefore, we have taken advantage of PDK1 hypomorphic mutant mice with reduced expression of PDK1 to study the role of PDK1 in preconditioning. Whole heart and single cell models of preconditioning demonstrated that the hearts and cardiac cells from PDK1 hypomorphic mice could not be preconditioned. The cardioprotective effect of PDK1 was not related to the effect that preconditioning has on sarcolemmal membrane action potential as revealed by di‐8‐ANEPPS, a sarcolemmalpotential sensitive dye, and laser confocal microscopy. In contrast, experiments with JC‐1, a mitochondrial membrane potential‐sensitive dye, has demonstrated that intact PDK1 levels were required for preconditioning‐mediated regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blotting combined with functional experiments have shown that intact PDK1 levels were required for preconditioning‐induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB), glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β), and cardioprotection. We conclude that PDK1 mediates preconditioning in the heart by regulating activating PKB‐GSK‐3β to regulate mitochondrial but not sarcolemmal membrane potential. 3'phosphoinositide‐dependent kinase‐1 (PDK1) is essential for ischemic preconditioning of the myocardium. —Budas, G.R. , Sukhodub, A. , Alessi, D.R. , Jovanovic, A. 3'phosphoinositide‐dependent kinase‐1 is essential for ischemic preconditioning of the myocardium. FASEB J. 20, E1924–E1934 (2006)
Hindwings of insects as concept generator for hingeless foldable shading systems

Hingeless shading systems inspired by nature are increasingly the focus of architectural research. In contrast to traditional systems, these compliant mechanisms can reduce the amount of maintenance-intensive parts and can easily be adapted to irregular, doubly curved, facade geometries. Previous mechanisms rely merely on the reversible material deformation of composite structures with almost homogeneous material properties. This leads to large actuation forces and an inherent conflict between the requirements of movement and the capacity to carry external loads. To enhance the performance of such systems, current research is directed at natural mechanisms with concentrated compliance and distinct hinge zones with high load-bearing capacity. Here, we provide insights into our biological findings and the development of a deployable structure inspired by the Flexagon model of hindwings of insects in general and the hierarchical structure of the wing cuticle of the shield bug (Graphosoma lineatum). By using technical fibre-reinforced plastics in combination with an elastomer foil, natural principles have been partially transferred into a multi-layered structure with locally adapted stiffness. Initial small prototypes have been produced in a vacuum-assisted hot press and sustain this functionality. Initial theoretical studies on test surfaces outline the advantages of these bio-inspired structures as deployable external shading systems for doubly curved facades.
Formative Research on Hygiene Behaviors and Geophagy among Infants and Young Children and Implications of Exposure to Fecal Bacteria

We conducted direct observation of 23 caregiver–infant pairs for 130 hours and recorded wash-related behaviors to identify pathways of fecal–oral transmission of bacteria among infants. In addition to testing fingers, food, and drinking water of infants, three infants actively ingested 11.3 ± 9.2 (mean ± SD) handfuls of soil and two ingested chicken feces 2 ± 1.4 times in 6 hours. Hand washing with soap was not common and drinking water was contaminated with Escherichia coli in half (12 of 22) of the households. A one-year-old infant ingesting 1 gram of chicken feces in a day and 20 grams of soil from a laundry area of the kitchen yard would consume 4,700,000–23,000,000 and 440–4,240 E. coli, respectively, from these sources. Besides standard wash and nutrition interventions, infants in low-income communities should be protected from exploratory ingestion of chicken feces, soil, and geophagia for optimal child health and growth.
Accessibility of MOOCs: Understanding the Provider Perspective

Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) have become an accepted way to make learning opportunities available at large scale and with low cost to the learner. However, only if these are made accessible will they be able to offer flexibility of learning and benefits to all, irrespective of disability. Experience in providing accessible online learning at distance universities suggests that this can be best achieved through understanding different roles and the options in planning for adjustments to be made. To effectively apply similar approaches to MOOCs, it is necessary to understand the various viewpoints and roles of stakeholders and how these impact on accessibility. This includes educators who create materials and facilitate learning, and technologists who develop and maintain platforms. In this paper, we report the results from a study involving semi-structured interviews to investigate the perceptions and accessibility-related processes of MOOC platform accessibility managers, platform software developers and designers, and MOOC accessibility researchers. Our results show the awareness that MOOCs can be valuable for disabled learners, and indicate that legislation acts as a driver for accessibility. However, our investigations suggest limited progress to date in either producing universally accessible MOOCs, or tailoring MOOCs to meet the needs of individual learners with disabilities.
Overview of the treatment for borderline personality disorder

Summary Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a relatively new concept whichhas received much attention recently. In ICD10, emotionally unstable personality disorder, is subcategorised as impulsive type and borderline type. According to DSM IV diagnosis of BPD requires at least five out of nine features. Antipsychotics is effective in reducing affective instability, anger and psychotic symptoms. Beneficial effects were found with mood stabilisers such as semisodium valproate, lamotrigine and topiramate, but not carbamazepine. Psychological treatment is considered as first line treatment for borderline patients but the evidence is not extensive for most of the therapies except for dialectical behavioural therapy. SL J Psychiatry 2013; 4 (2) 11-15
Jak2a regulates erythroid and myeloid hematopoiesis during zebrafish embryogenesis

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an attractive vertebrate model for the molecular dissection of disease mechanisms. Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) has been defined through studies of cytokine signaling pathways in mammals. Here, we examined the expression level of Jak2a, which is a homolog of mammalian jak2 in zebrafish, by quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, and the peak of mRNA expression occurred at 3.75 hours post fertilization (hpf). The overexpression of Jak2a was proven by real-time Q-PCR and Western blot in 1-4-cell stage embryos injected with 400 ng/µl full-length jak2a mRNA as well as gfi1.1, gata1, mpo and β-embryonic hemoglobin as detected by real-time Q-PCR. Moreover, jak2a mRNA significantly increased the GFP+ population in the transgenic zebrafish lines Tg (gata1: gfp) (uninjected embryos: 17.22±1.70%; embryos injected with jak2a mRNA: 21.31±2.11%, p<0.01) and Tg (mpo: gfp) (uninjected embryos: 3.86±1.94; embryos injected with jak2a mRNA: 6.64±1.30%, p<0.01) compared with the control group. Thus, our data indicate that Jak2a plays an important role in erythropoiesis and myeloid hematopoiesis.
Immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes: mechanisms and myths

Immune responses to gastrointestinal nematodes have been studied extensively for over 80 years and intensively investigated over the last 30–40 years. The use of laboratory models has led to the discovery of new mechanisms of protective immunity and made major contributions to our fundamental understanding of both innate and adaptive responses. In addition to host protection, it is clear that immunoregulatory processes are common in infected individuals and resistance often operates alongside modulation of immunity. This review aims to discuss the recent discoveries in both host protection and immunoregulation against gastrointestinal nematodes, placing the data in context of the specific life cycles imposed by the different parasites studied and the future challenges of considering the mucosal/immune axis to encompass host, parasite, and microbiome in its widest sense.
Treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors for critically ill patients with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09.

BACKGROUND Neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) antiviral drugs can shorten the duration of uncomplicated influenza when administered early (<48 hours after illness onset) to otherwise healthy outpatients, but the optimal timing of effective therapy for critically ill patients is not well established. METHODS We analyzed California surveillance data to characterize the outcomes of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) treated with NAIs for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1). Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from medical records, using standardized case report forms. RESULTS From 3 April 2009 through 10 August 2010, 1950 pH1N1 cases hospitalized in ICUs were reported. Of 1859 (95%) with information available, 1676 (90%) received NAI treatment, and 183 (10%) did not. The median age was 37 years (range, 1 week-93 years), 1473 (79%) had ≥1 comorbidity, and 492 (26%) died. The median time from symptom onset to starting NAI treatment was 4 days (range, 0-52 days). NAI treatment was associated with survival: 107 of 183 untreated case patients (58%) survived, compared with 1260 of 1676 treated case patients (75%; P ≤ .0001). There was a trend toward improved survival for those treated earliest (P < .0001). Treatment initiated within 5 days after symptom onset was associated with improved survival compared to those never treated (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS NAI treatment of critically ill pH1N1 patients improves survival. While earlier treatment conveyed the most benefit, patients who started treatment up to 5 days after symptom onset also were more likely to survive. Further research is needed about whether starting NAI treatment >5 days after symptom onset may also convey benefit.
Gravitational wave background from a cosmological population of core-collapse supernovae

We analyse the stochastic background of gravitational radiation emitted by a cosmological population of core-collapse supernovae. The supernova rate as a function of redshift is deduced from an observation-based determination of the star formation rate density evolution. We then restrict our analysis to the range of progenitor masses leading to black hole collapse. In this case, the main features of the gravitational wave emission spectra have been shown to be, to some extent, independent of the initial conditions and of the equation of state of the collapsing star, and to depend only on the black hole mass and angular momentum. We calculate the overall signal produced by the ensemble of black hole collapses throughout the Universe, assuming a flat cosmology with a vanishing cosmological constant. Within a wide range of parameter values, we find that the spectral strain amplitude has a maximum at a few hundred Hz with an amplitude between 10-28 and 10-27 Hz-1/2; the corresponding closure density, ΩGW, has a maximum amplitude ranging between 10-11 and 10-10 in the frequency interval ∼ 1.5-2.5 kHz. Contrary to previous claims, our observation-based determination leads to a duty cycle of order 0.01, making our stochastic background a non-continuous one. Although the amplitude of our background is comparable to the sensitivity that can be reached by a pair of advanced LIGO detectors, the characteristic shot-noise structure of the predicted signal might, in principle, be exploited to design specific detection strategies.
Neuroenergetics Original Research Article

Several important issues must be addressed in considering FFI as an alternative tool to hemodynamics-based techniques. First, though studies have successfully used FFI imaging signals in anes-thetized animals, there have been few comparisons made between the spatiotemporal properties of FFI and hemodynamics-based signals. One study in the primary visual cortex (V1) of cats has compared orientation maps generated with FFI to those generated using standard hemodynamics techniques (Husson et al., 2007). They found that FFI signals appeared to produce better maps of orientation with fewer vascular artifacts. However, the clarity of such maps depends on the difference signal between activation patterns to two orthogonal gratings and does not reflect directly the spatial properties of the overall fluorescence response. Recently, we showed that imaging the V1 point spread to a minimal visual stimulus provides valuable and direct spatiotemporal information about the imaging signal; we used this method to successfully compare stimulus-evoked hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation signals in V1 (Sirotin et al., 2009). A similar analysis comparing the hemodynamic response with FFI signals would determine whether FFI signals have a relative advantage over hemodynamics-based imaging techniques. Next, much of what we know about the properties of FFI signals comes from only the first phase of the fluorescence response. However, in vitro work has shown that FFI signals have a complex timecourse with an early oxidation phase (fluorescence increase) followed by a
Exploiting disparity information for stereo image retrieval

The great interest of stereo images in several applications has led to the proliferation of huge and ever growing image databases. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for an effective Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system devoted to stereo images. To meet such a demand, this paper proposes new wavelet-based retrieval approaches that exploit not only the visual contents of the Stereo Image (SI) pair but also its related disparity field. The first approach takes into account implicitly the disparity information by computing features from the disparity compensated left image and the right image. The second one aims at extracting relevant features directly from the left and right views, and the disparity map. Experimental results indicate that adding disparity information allows us to improve the retrieval performances of stereo images.
SCTP-based Transport Protocols for Concurrent Multipath Transfer

The growing availability of multiple network interfaces on mobile devices makes concurrent multipath transfer an appealing candidate to satisfy the ever increasing user demand for bandwidth. As of today, the only transport protocol supporting multihoming is the stream control transmission protocol (SCTP); yet, SCTP can only exploit at most one of the available paths at any given time. This paper introduces sender-based packet pair SCTP (SBPP-SCTP) and westwood SCTP (W-SCTP), which add concurrent multipath support to the original SCTP. The two protocols are implemented on Linux and their performance is assessed on an experimental testbed emulating different wireless-channel bandwidth and delay conditions.
Freezing-thawing cycles effect on the water soluble organic carbon, nitrogen and microbial biomass of alpine grassland soil in Northern Tibet

Soil freezing-thawing cycle may substantially influence soil physical properties, microbial activity, and the rates of carbon and nitrogen cycling in soils. In this study, the soil water soluble organic C, N (WSOC, WSON) as well as microbial biomass C, N (MBC, MBN) of two alpine grassland types, alpine meadow and alpine steppe, were investigated after freezing-thawing cycles in a grassland landscape of Northern Tibet. The results showed that with froze at -15 degrees C, the WSOC and WSON contents of alpine grassland soils observably increased after 1 freezing-thawing cycle and decreased after 2 and 4 cycles, and with froze at -25 degrees C, the WSOC and WSON contents showed a gradually increasing trend. The MBC and MBN contents of both alpine meadow and alpine steppe soils generally exhibited a similar "low-high-low" pattern during the process of freezing-thawing cycles. Furthermore, the alpine grassland type had a significant effect on the WSOC and MBC concentrations, and the freeze temperature, freezing-thawing cycle times had significant effects on the WSOC, WSON, MBC, and MBN concentrations.
Consistent beneficial effects of killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor 2DL3 and group 1 human leukocyte antigen‐C following exposure to hepatitis C virus

Natural killer cells are a key component in the immune control of viral infections. Their functions are controlled by inhibitory receptors for major histocompatability complex (MHC) class I, including the killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR). KIR2DL3 in combination with its cognate human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐C ligand has been shown to be associated with spontaneous resolution of viremia following hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In order to determine if this gene combination is advantageous across all potential outcomes following HCV exposure, we studied individuals with apparent resistance to HCV infection who remain seronegative and aviremic despite long‐term injection drug use and also individuals chronically infected with HCV who successfully clear HCV with treatment. Homozygosity for KIR2DL3 in combination with group 1 HLA‐C allotypes was more frequent in exposed seronegative aviremic individuals as compared to those with chronic HCV (25.0% versus 9.7%, P = 0.003, odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3‐7.1) in a model similar to that found for those spontaneously resolving HCV. In individuals undergoing treatment for HCV, those with KIR2DL3 and group 1 HLA‐C were more likely to make a sustained virological response (SVR) (P = 0.013, OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1‐4.5). KIR and HLA‐C protection in both treatment response and spontaneously resolving HCV was validated at the allelic level, in which KIR2DL3‐HLA‐Cw*03 was associated with SVR (P = 0.004, OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.5‐8.7) and KIR2DL3/KIR2DL3‐HLA‐Cw*03 was associated with spontaneous resolution of HCV infection (P = 0.01, OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2‐4.4). Conclusion: KIR and HLA‐C genes are consistently beneficial determinants in the outcome of HCV infection. This advantage extends to the allelic level for both gene families. (HEPATOLOGY 2010.)