Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sparse LU Factorization with Partial Pivoting on Distributed Memory Machines

Sparse LU factorization with partial pivoting is important to many scientific applications, but the effective parallelization of this algorithm is still an open problem. The main difficulty is that partial pivoting operations make structures of L and U factors unpredictable beforehand. This paper presents a novel approach called S* for parallelizing this problem on distributed memory machines. S* incorporates static symbolic factorization to avoid run-time control overhead and uses nonsymmetric L/U supernode partitioning and amalgamation strategies to maximize the use of BLAS-3 routines. The irregular task parallelism embedded in sparse LU is exploited using the RAPID run-time system which optimizes asynchronous communication and task scheduling. The experimental results on the Cray0-T3D with a set of Harwell-Boeing nonsymmetric matrices are very encouraging and good scalability has been achieved. Even compared to a highly optimized sequential code, the parallel speedups are still impressive considering the current status of sparse LU research.
Learning Forward Models for Robots

Forward models enable a robot to predict the effects of its actions on its own motor system and its environment. This is a vital aspect of intelligent behaviour, as the robot can use predictions to decide the best set of actions to achieve a goal. The ability to learn forward models enables robots to be more adaptable and autonomous; this paper describes a system whereby they can be learnt and represented as a Bayesian network. The robot's motor system is controlled and explored using 'motor babbling'. Feedback about its motor system comes from computer vision techniques requiring no prior information to perform tracking. The learnt forward model can be used by the robot to imitate human movement.
A Wavelet Approach to Wideband Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios

In cognitive radio networks, the first cognitive task preceding any form of dynamic spectrum management is the sensing and identification of spectrum holes in wireless environments. This paper develops a wavelet approach to efficient spectrum sensing of wideband channels. The signal spectrum over a wide frequency band is decomposed into elementary building blocks of subbands that are well characterized by local irregularities in frequency. As a powerful mathematical tool for analyzing singularities and edges, the wavelet transform is employed to detect and estimate the local spectral irregular structure, which carries important information on the frequency locations and power spectral densities of the subbands. Along this line, a couple of wideband spectrum sensing techniques are developed based on the local maxima of the wavelet transform modulus and the multi-scale wavelet products. The proposed sensing techniques provide an effective radio sensing architecture to identify and locate spectrum holes in the signal spectrum
An RST-Tolerant Shape Descriptor for Object Detection

In this paper, we propose a new object detection method that does not need a learning mechanism. Given a hand-drawn model as a query, we can detect and locate objects that are similar to the query model in cluttered images. To ensure the invariance with respect to rotation, scaling, and translation (RST), high curvature points (HCPs) on edges are detected first. Each pair of HCPs is then used to determine a circular region and all edge pixels covered by the circular region are transformed into a polar histogram. Finally, we use these local descriptors to detect and locate similar objects within any images. The experiment results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art work.
Structure and Organization of the Bovine fI-Globin Genes’

Genomic clones spanning the entire cow P-globin gene locus have been isolated and characterized. These clones demonstrate that the linkage of embryonic-like (E) genes and pseudogenes (w) to the previously described fetal (y) and adult (p) genes is as follows: ~‘-E~-E~-w~-~-E~-E’-W~_WZ_Y_~: Present data indicate that, like that of the goat, the fetal and adult genes arose via block duplication of an ancestral four-gene set: E-E-W-P. This duplication event preceded the divergence of cows and goats, which occurred > 18-20 Myr ago. However, cows do not have the additional four-gene block containing a preadult/stress globin gene (PC). Furthermore, the cow fetal cluster contains an extra P-like pseudogene, which apparently arose by a small-scale duplication. The fixation of this duplication may indicate a possible evolutionary role for pseudogenes.
Counselling in UK primary schools: Outcomes and predictors of change

AbstractBackground: The outcomes of counselling in UK primary schools arestill largely unknown, and no clear predictors of change have beenidentiﬁed. This study is the largest evaluation to date of change andpredictors of change in this sector. Method: The outcomes of Place2Be’splay-based counselling intervention for 3222 distressed children, aged4–12, in 178 schools across the UK were evaluated. A naturalistic quanti-tative design was used, and the primary outcome was changed frombaseline to endpoint on the teacher-rated Strengths and DifﬁcultiesQuestionnaire (SDQ) Total Difﬁculties score. Outcome predictors wereanalysed using multilevel modelling. Results: The intervention was asso-ciated with signiﬁcant reduction in psychological distress, with an effectsize (Cohen’s d) of . 48 and clinical improvement of 50.3% of children.Greater improvements were found for children with higher baseline levelsof distress, girls and bilingual children, while improvement of the childrenwith a statement of educational needs was progressively compromised withincreasing level of special educational needs. Discussion: Robust evidencenow exists that a play-based counselling model is associated with signiﬁcantreductions in psychological distress in primary school children. However,more qualitative and quantitative research is needed to assess theeffectiveness of this intervention and the key factors that predict change.School-based counselling originated in the UK in the1960s and has seen a recent resurgence in the levelsof service delivery, evaluation and research (Cooper,2013; Fox & Butler, 2009; Hanley, Humphrey &Lennie, 2013). This may be considered a timelyadvance, given the rapidly growing knowledge of theprevalence of mental health issues and their implica-tions for children. According to Green, McGinnity,Meltzer, Ford and Goodman (2005), 10% of boys and5% of girls, aged 5–10, had a diagnosable mental dis-order. Psychological difﬁculties have been associatedwith dramatic negative effects on children’s physicalhealth, social aptitude and scholastic ability (Greenet al., 2005), while research has also steadily demon-strated that promoting psychological well-being canhave an alleviative effect (Pattison & Harris, 2006). In the UK, primary school-based counselling is a‘developing sector’ (Thompson, 2013). However,evidence on its outcomes is limited, and most of it isof a quantitative nature. Controlled research indicatesthat school-based counselling and psychotherapyinterventions bring about signiﬁcant improvementsfor children over controlled conditions, with a moder-ate effect size (Cohen’s d) of . 45 (Baskin et al., 2010). However, the vast majority of this research comesfrom evaluations of cognitive behavioural interven-tions, which contrasts with the predominantlyhumanistic or integrative play-based counselling that
Teasing Experiences and Risk-Taking: Gender and Self-Esteem as Moderator and Mediator

This study explored the roles of gender and self-esteem in the relations between various teasing experiences and externalizing behavior. Externalizing behavior was measured as reported risk-taking and alcohol consumption. Within a sample of 651 high school students located in the Midwest, males reported significantly more externalizing behavior and higher self-esteem than females. Males and females significantly differed in several associations between teasing experiences and externalizing behavior. Only females experienced self-esteem as a mediator of these relations. This study significantly contributes to existing literature by illuminating many unique and unexpected relations between teasing, self-esteem, and externalizing behavior. The findings may assist clinicians and educators by providing improved methods of detection, intervention, and prevention of the potentially harmful effects of teasing.
Rebuilding a Damaged Heart: Long-Term Survival of Transplanted Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes After Myocardial Infarction and Effect on Cardiac Function

Background—The long-term effects of cardiac cell transplantation on cardiac function are unknown. Therefore, we tested the survival and functional impact of rat neonatal cardiac myocytes up to 6 months after transplantation into infarcted hearts. Methods and Results—Cardiomyocytes from male neonatal Fischer 344 rats (1 to 2 days, 3 to 5×106) or medium was injected into the infarcts of adult syngeneic female animals 1 week after left coronary artery ligation. Six months later, implanted cardiomyocytes were still present by quantitative TaqMan polymerase chain reaction and histology. In all treated hearts, discrete lumps of cells were present within the infarct scar, which was not observed in media-injected hearts typified by a transmural infarct scar. Infarct thickness was greater in treated animals versus control animals (909±97 versus 619±43 &mgr;m, P <0.02), whereas infarct size and left ventricular volumes were similar. By biplane angiography, left ventricular ejection fractions at 6 months were greater (0.36±0.03 versus 0.25±0.02, P <0.01) and significantly less infarct zone dyskinesis was seen (0.30±0.08 versus 0.55±0.07, P =0.035, lateral projection) in treated animals versus control animals. Conclusions—Grafted neonatal cardiomyocytes were present in infarcts 6 months after transplantation; they thickened the wall of the left ventricle and were associated with enhanced ejection fraction and reduced paradoxical systolic bulging of the infarct. Therefore, neonatal cardiac cell transplants exhibit long-term survival in a myocardial infarct model and contribute to long-term improved cardiac function. These results suggest that a damaged heart can be rebuilt.
Operationalizing multilingualism: language learning motivation in Turkey

This study is an examination of language learning motivation and multilingual status in the Turkish English as a foreign language (EFL) context. Using Dörnyei's L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS) framework, specifically the ideal and ought-to L2 selves, this study examines the relationship between motivation and two operationalizations of multilingualism: (1) any experience with a third language and (2) Perceived Positive Language Interaction (PPLI). Using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and one-way ANOVAs with the data from 159 EFL learners in Turkey, the results indicate that there is a significant group effect for multilingual status for both operationalizations of multilingualism with the ideal L2 self; however, no significant difference was found between the groups with the ought-to L2 self. There is also a discussion about the importance of performing EFAs with questionnaire data in a variety of contexts, as well as further insights regarding the operationalization of the PPLI construct. As the L2MSS has not yet been investigated in the Turkish context, the results of this study help to further elucidate Turkish EFL students' language learning motivation to add to the growing body of literature on the multifaceted and dynamic nature of motivation in the field of second language acquisition.
Reciprocity and the News: The Role of Personal and Social Media Reciprocity in News Creation and Consumption

As journalists and audiences increasingly interact via social media spaces online, scholars have begun to explore the varying forms of information and relational exchanges between them. Building on an emerging thread of research that examines the potential role of reciprocity in such encounters, this study examines how reciprocity, as a key ingredient of online communities, might stimulate audiences’ consumption and creation of content, including news content. A national survey finds that, while personal beliefs in reciprocity ( perceptions ) may predict news consumption, it is reciprocity in practice on social media that is associated with not only news consumption but content creation, both for news and in general. This first-of-its-kind empirical study indicates that scholars may be correct in theorizing a role for reciprocity in the news interaction process, much as in social media and society more broadly.
Seven in Absentia Proteins Affect Plant Growth and Nodulation in Medicago truncatula1[W][OA]

Protein ubiquitination is a posttranslational regulatory process essential for plant growth and interaction with the environment. E3 ligases, to which the seven in absentia (SINA) proteins belong, determine the specificity by selecting the target proteins for ubiquitination. SINA proteins are found in animals as well as in plants, and a small gene family with highly related members has been identified in the genome of rice (Oryza sativa), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), Medicago truncatula, and poplar (Populus trichocarpa). To acquire insight into the function of SINA proteins in nodulation, a dominant negative form of the Arabidopsis SINAT5 was ectopically expressed in the model legume M. truncatula. After rhizobial inoculation of the 35S:SINAT5DN transgenic plants, fewer nodules were formed than in control plants, and most nodules remained small and white, a sign of impaired symbiosis. Defects in rhizobial infection and symbiosome formation were observed by extensive microscopic analysis. Besides the nodulation phenotype, transgenic plants were affected in shoot growth, leaf size, and lateral root number. This work illustrates a function for SINA E3 ligases in a broad spectrum of plant developmental processes, including nodulation.
Modernism, modernization and post‐colonial India: a reflective essay

As a result of political changes stemming from independence and partition, India was forced to build new state capitals and add extensions to existing cities to provide homes to refugees, house state governments, and deal with urban congestion. Although the British had built New Delhi as the new capital of the Raj at the beginning of the twentieth century, there were hardly any trained Indians to undertake the task of planning and architecture. While British India had done a remarkable job in educating Indians in liberal arts and law, it had done very little to promote disciplines such as engineering, architecture and technical education. The development of Chandigarh, Bhubaneswar and Gandhinagar, between 1949 and 1982, represents a fascinating study of practical politics, personal ambitions of politicians and Western planners, and the high ideals of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. The architect‐planner Le Corbusier, together with Nehru, provided the new planning model and architectural design that would overshadow imperial New Delhi. Chandigarh was to serve as a training school for Indian planners, who could then duplicate their experience in other cities to improve urban India, and also influence rural India. The story of Chandigarh, Bhubaneswar and Gandhinagar is not one of success or failure or even of comparative satisfaction with the quality of life in a new city. It is, rather, a chronicle of a period during which India made a bold attempt to make a break with her past within the confines of a socio‐urban experiment that included, along with an innovative master plan, modernist buildings, new land‐use patterns, provisions for education, recreation, medical and social services, the careful and deliberate inclusion of ideas that had their origin in a culture far removed from her own. Between the ideas of the planners and hopes of the government officials there lies a narrative of planned cities and the people who inhabit them, and the influence of modernism on India generally. This paper reflects on the impact of modernist architecture on India.
The Impact Of Complex Compensation Systems: A Validity Study Of The Perceptions Of Pay-For-Performance Plans In Multi-Plan Environments

Pay-for-performance (PFP) is a compensation system that has been one of the most widespread compensation tools for motivating employees. Compensation researchers have long discussed the mixed results regarding the effectiveness of PFP plans. This dissertation focuses on the two major factors of why PFP research has yielded mixed evidence regarding the effectiveness of PFP plans – (1) individual feelings of various aspects of PFPs have not been fully captured, and (2) the complexity of the current PFP environments has not been clearly recognized. This dissertation has developed and validated a multi-dimensional measure of individual PFP perceptions in complex pay system environments. Using individual attitudinal data from diverse organizations through an on-line survey, this dissertation identifies three dimensions associated with PFP plans, and develops a measure of PFP perceptions (PFP Perceptions Questionnaire: PPQ) using items in multiple dimensions. It investigates individual feelings and reactions to individuals’ multiple PFPs. The results show that individuals form complex conceptualizations of each PFP when they are covered by multiple PFP plans. The validation tests support the distinct perceptions of instrumentality, expectancy, and valence as being critical dimensions of the individuals’ PFP perceptions, with evidence of construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity.
On Modeling and Predicting Individual Paper Citation Count over Time

Evaluating a scientist's past and future potential impact is key in decision making concerning with recruitment and funding, and is increasingly linked to publication citation count. Meanwhile, timely identifying those valuable work with great potential before they receive wide recognition and become highly cited papers is both useful for readers and authors in many regards. We propose a method for predicting the citation counts of individual publications, over an arbitrary time period. Our approach explores paper-specific covariates, and a point process model to account for the aging effect and triggering role of recent citations, through which papers lose and gain their popularity, respectively. Empirical results on the Microsoft Academic Graph data suggests that our model can be useful for both prediction and interpretability.
The generalization of shared reality: When communication about one target shapes evaluations of other targets

Communicators often tune their message about a target to the audience's attitude toward that target. This tuning can shape a communicator's own evaluation of the target, which reflects the creation of a shared reality with the audience. So far, evidence for shared-reality creation has been confined to one specific target. In two experiments, we examined whether and when a shared reality would generalize to other targets. In Experiment 1, shared-reality creation about an ambiguous sexist target generalized to the evaluation of a new ambiguous sexist target for which no audience attitude was provided. However, this happened only when there was high (vs. low) commonality with the audience regarding previous judgments. In Experiment 2, we investigated conditions for the temporal persistence of generalization. One week after message tuning to a high-commonality audience, a shared reality generalized to a new ambiguous sexist target when participants recalled the shared-reality creation about the initial target, but it did not generalize in conditions without such recall. Also, no generalization occurred for non-ambiguous or non-sexist targets. Results suggest that shared reality generalization depends on perceived commonality with the audience, recollection of shared reality at time of judgment, and similarity between new and initial targets.
Is continuance commitment beneficial to organizations? Commitment‐performance relationship: a new look

This paper explores the multifaceted nature of commitment in three industrial firms in Jordan. Furthermore, the study investigates the nature of organizational commitment using employees’ job performance and five demographic variables. The results confirm that organizational commitment is a three‐dimensional concept. The findings also uncover positive relationships between the global form of commitment and its three components on one hand, and job performance on the other hand. Moreover, organizational commitment and its three dimensions present positive and negative relationships with age, sex, education, job status, and organizational tenure variables. Implications for our understanding of the role of organizational commitment in the Middle East are also discussed.
The status of the syllable in the perception of spanish and englisb

Abstract A series of monitoring studies is reported, in replication of the cross-language research of Cutler, Mehler, Norris and Segui (1983; 1986), which found evidence of language-specific perceptual routines. Monolingual speakers of Spanish and English detected CV and CVC target sequences in native and non-native materials. The replication succeeded only in the case of Spanish speakers and Spanish materials, where a cross-over interaction of target (CV vs CVC sequences) and carrier types (CV- vs CVC-syllabitied words) gave evidence of a sensitivity to the input's syllabification; no such pattern emerged for Spanish speakers and English materials, nor for English speakers and materials in either language. For English speakers, the consistent finding was for faster performance with CVC targets, regardless of the structure of the carrier word. Whether or not this is to be interpreted as evidence of syllabified input representations is not clear. Analyses of English syllabification that arc alternatives to.
Past tense morphology in specifically language impaired and normally developing children

This study evaluates the input-processing deficit/single system and the grammar-specific deficit/dual system models to account for past tense formation in impaired and normal language development. We investigated regular and irregular past tense formation of 60 real and novel regular and irregular verbs in "Grammatical (G)-SLI" children (aged 9:3 to 12:10) and morphological- or vocabulary-matched younger control children. The G-SLI children and language ability (LA) controls showed quantitatively and qualitatively different patterns of performance. The LA controls, but not the G-SLI children, showed a significant advantage of regular over irregular past tense marking for real and novel verbs. Past tense frequency affected the GSLI children, but not the controls' production of regular verbs, even with stem access controlled for. The G-SLI children's production of regular forms was significantly lower than that of the control groups. Frequency and phonological properties had a similar and significant effect on the G-SLI and LA controls' irregular formation. The G-SLI children's irregular past tense production did not differ from that of the morphological controls, but was lower than that of the vocabulary controls. We argue that the dual mechanism/grammar-specific deficit provides a parsimonious explanation for normal and impaired performance, and suggest that grammatical computations underlying regular past tense formation in normal grammar are impaired (not missing) in G-SLI grammar.