Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motivation and the performance of primary school teachers in Uganda: a case of Kimaanya-Kyabakuza Division, Masaka District

ii DECLARATION I, Aacha Mary, do hereby declare that this is my original work and has never been submitted for any award in any institution of higher learning. APPROVAL This report has been submitted with my approval as supervisor. DEDICATION Dedication to my dear beloved husband Ambrose Orikiriza, beloved father Aojaar Naphtaali and my beloved mother the late Leah Aojaar. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Without the knowledge and inspirations accorded to me by the Almighty God, this book could not have been written. I owe special gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Omona Julius for accepting to supervise this study. I would like to thank all my lecturers especially Dr. Kyadondo the coordinator of the course and Professor Patrick Muzaale, Mr. Afuna Aduula for their helpful lectures that helped me to realize my dreams. devoting their precious time for me. I thank colleagues and classmates like Pedun Josephine, Laban Musinguzi and Babra Kyomugisha for their contribution towards the completion of this study. I thank my employer Masaka Municipal Council, for accepting me to go for further studies. May the Almighty God reward all the acknowledged persons abundantly. ABSTRACT Teacher motivation has become an important issue given their responsibility to impart knowledge and skills to learners. Consequently, this study investigated the effects of motivation on the performance of primary school teachers in Kimaanya-Kyabakuza division, Masaka district. Specifically, the study sought to find out whether motivation of teachers had any effect on their morale to perform and; the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on the performance of teachers. A descriptive survey research design was adapted where a total sample of 135 respondents including teachers, head teachers, school management committee members (SMC) and the Masaka Municipal Education Officer (MEO) were consulted. The primary data was collected using structured questionnaires for teachers, as well as key informant interview guides for head teachers and MEO. A focus group discussion was also held with SMC members in the area. Consequently, both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Research findings revealed that the performance of teachers was good despite the fact that their motivation was inadequate. Besides, the majority of the teachers performed their activities with high morale as evidenced from reporting early at school, regular testing and examination of pupils and high turn up of teachers in staff meetings and school occasions among others. A significant positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and performance of teachers was also found …
A Case Study of College Level Second Language Teachers' Perceptions and Implementations of Communicative Language Teaching.

Previous research studies have indicated that some educators do not advocate Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) because of their misunderstanding of the methodology. This article explores the relationship between college-level second language (L2) educators’ perceptions and their implementations of CLT. The results of this study show that the majority of the participating teachers admitted that they did not understand what exactly CLT meant, but agreed that a communicative approach could facilitate students’ learning. These teachers would like to insert a variety of methods in their practices regardless of the rules provided by the program coordinators. The findings also indicate that some teachers advocate for CLT because they believe it is the best way to achieve communicative competence. This study suggests the importance of partnerships between program coordinators and instructors. It also aims to yield insight regarding the design of future language teacher education.
Patient-reported 28 swollen and tender joint counts accurately represent RA disease activity and can be used to assess therapy responses at the group level.

OBJECTIVE Formal joint assessments are critically important to improve rheumatological care of patients with RA. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of patient-recorded 28 tender joint counts (TJCs) and swollen joint counts (SJCs) using a tablet personal computer and to explore the possibility of using patient-recorded data to calculate 28-joint DAS (DAS-28) and EULAR response. METHODS Forty-seven patients were included before initiation of adalimumab therapy and assessed at baseline and after 3 months. SJC and TJC were registered by the patients and thereafter by an experienced rheumatology specialist. Changes were correlated using Spearman's rank correlation test. RESULTS The correlations between SJC and TJC derived by the physician and the patient at baseline were excellent (r = 0.78 and 0.87, respectively P < 0.01 for both). After 3 months, the correlations were less strong (0.645 and 0.745, respectively, P < 0.001 for both). When using the patient-derived SJC/TJC for calculation of the DAS-28 (patDAS-28), similar values were obtained, and correlations between DAS-28 and patDAS-28 were excellent (r = 0.91 at baseline, r = 0.90 at 3 months). According to the EULAR response criteria, the percentage of responders at the group level was nearly identical, although there was some disagreement at the individual level when DAS-28 and patDAS-28 were used to determine response to therapy. CONCLUSION Patient-reported SJC and TJC can in research settings be used instead of physician-reported ones. Patient-derived SJC and TJC may also make it possible for rheumatologists to obtain quantitative joint count recordings much more frequently than is feasible for traditional joint counts.
STRUCTURES for 5 , 6 â€ ” DIACETOXYINDOLEand 7 â€ ” IODOâ€ ” 5 , 6 â€ ” DIACETOXYINDOLE

activity in adrenal gland than in melanoma. Blois and Kallman explained this difference in findings by data of theirs indicating that their C3H mouse melanomas had a higher concentration of melanin than the Harding-Passey melanoma used by Hempel and Deimel. Their work also suggested that the â€ ̃@C uptake in a melanoma following a single dose of labeled dopa is apparently proportional to the rate of melanin synthesis. This work interested us in the possibility of increasing the concentration of radioactivity in the melanoma relative to the adrenal gland and other tissues by: (a) pretreating mice with known inhibitors of catecholamine synthesis and metabolism, and (b) injecting labeled precursors of melanin which occurred later in the metabolic pathway and thus avoiding the catechola mine pathway. We report here : (a) a repetition of the work of Blois and Kallman, and of Hempel and Deimel; (b) a greater relative concentration in the adrenal after pretreatment with pyrogallol; and (c) no selective concentration of labeled deriva tives of 5 ,6-dihydroxyindole in either the melanoma or the adrenal.
Foreward to the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues’ Research Summary on Media Violence

Early in 2013, in the wake of yet another act of violence in which the perpetrator was reported to have played violent video games, the Executive Committee of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI) commissioned a report on the topic of media violence. Following the 2012 Newtown, Connecticut school shooting in which the perpetrator killed 20 young children, six school staff, his mother, and himself, the American public and policymakers expressed renewed concerns about the role of violent media consumption on aggressive and violent behavior. According to a 60 Minutes/Vanity Fair poll, 84% of Americans believed that depictions of violence in popular culture—through “movies and video games”—contribute to violence in society (CBS News, 2013). Major newspapers and TV networks, including the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, CNN, and NPR, also ran high profile stories or segments on violence in the media. President Obama called for more research on media violence, and the Violent Content Research Act (S. 134, 113th Cong.) urged the National Academy of Sciences to study the impact of violent television and video games on children. SPSSI aims to bring empirically sound research findings to bear on public policy. This goal is furthered in many ways, including active engagement in scientific study of human behavior in critical social situations, sharing the results of that research in scholarly settings, and providing relevant data to those engaged in developing public policy. Recent position statements have focused on, for
Pushing CDN-ISP collaboration to the limit

Today a spectrum of solutions are available for istributing content over the Internet, ranging from commercial CDNs to ISP-operated CDNs to content-provider-operated CDNs to peer-to-peer CDNs. Some deploy servers in just a few large data centers while others deploy in thousands of locations or even on millions of desktops. Recently, major CDNs have formed strategic alliances with large ISPs to provide content delivery network solutions. Such alliances show the natural evolution of content delivery today driven by the need to address scalability issues and to take advantage of new technology and business opportunities. In this paper we revisit the design and operating space of CDN-ISP collaboration in light of recent ISP and CDN alliances. We identify two key enablers for supporting collaboration and improving content delivery performance: informed end-user to server assignment and in-network server allocation. We report on the design and evaluation of a prototype system, NetPaaS, that materializes them. Relying on traces from the largest commercial CDN and a large tier-1 ISP, we show that NetPaaS is able to increase CDN capacity on-demand, enable coordination, reduce download time, and achieve multiple traffic engineering goals leading to a win-win situation for both ISP and CDN.
Cross-national Reconstruction of Managerial Practices: TQM in Turkey

Drawing on the discursive and translative perspectives, we examine the discourse produced by an elite group of corporate executives to legitimate TQM (total quality management) at the national level in Turkey. The findings indicate that the legitimating agencies largely used ethos justifications exploiting the macro-cultural discourses prevalent in the Turkish context. As such, they reconstructed TQM as a blueprint embracing solutions to the problems at societal, organizational, and individual levels. Based on the findings, we propose that reconstruction of imported practices in recipient contexts is more likely to involve ethos justification when compared to the construction of the original rhetoric because of the nature of cross-national translation. The strategy of ethos justification is even more likely when legitimating actors also strive to legitimate themselves as a social group, and/or to promote the practice to the public. Furthermore, the recipient discourse will be less coherent if legitimating actors have less formal authority and loose structure, and the target audiences have diverse values and expectations. We suggest that, under these circumstances, the reconstruction of the imported practices is more likely to produce fashions than institutions, a limited diffusion of the practice in contrast to the intentions of legitimating actors.
Guaranteed Sufficient Decrease for Variance Reduced Stochastic Gradient Descent

In this paper, we propose a novel sufficient decrease technique for variance reduced stochastic gradient descent methods such as SAG, SVRG and SAGA. In order to make sufficient decrease for stochastic optimization, we design a new sufficient decrease criterion, which yields sufficient decrease versions of variance reduction algorithms such as SVRG-SD and SAGA-SD as a byproduct. We introduce a coefficient to scale current iterate and satisfy the sufficient decrease property, which takes the decisions to shrink, expand or move in the opposite direction, and then give two specific update rules of the coefficient for Lasso and ridge regression. Moreover, we analyze the convergence properties of our algorithms for strongly convex problems, which show that both of our algorithms attain linear convergence rates. We also provide the convergence guarantees of our algorithms for non-strongly convex problems. Our experimental results further verify that our algorithms achieve significantly better performance than their counterparts.
The HA and NS Genes of Human H5N1 Influenza A Virus Contribute to High Virulence in Ferrets

Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A viruses have spread across Asia, Europe, and Africa. More than 500 cases of H5N1 virus infection in humans, with a high lethality rate, have been reported. To understand the molecular basis for the high virulence of H5N1 viruses in mammals, we tested the virulence in ferrets of several H5N1 viruses isolated from humans and found A/Vietnam/UT3062/04 (UT3062) to be the most virulent and A/Vietnam/UT3028/03 (UT3028) to be avirulent in this animal model. We then generated a series of reassortant viruses between the two viruses and assessed their virulence in ferrets. All of the viruses that possessed both the UT3062 hemagglutinin (HA) and nonstructural protein (NS) genes were highly virulent. By contrast, all those possessing the UT3028 HA or NS genes were attenuated in ferrets. These results demonstrate that the HA and NS genes are responsible for the difference in virulence in ferrets between the two viruses. Amino acid differences were identified at position 134 of HA, at positions 200 and 205 of NS1, and at positions 47 and 51 of NS2. We found that the residue at position 134 of HA alters the receptor-binding property of the virus, as measured by viral elution from erythrocytes. Further, both of the residues at positions 200 and 205 of NS1 contributed to enhanced type I interferon (IFN) antagonistic activity. These findings further our understanding of the determinants of pathogenicity of H5N1 viruses in mammals.
Personality characteristics of research volunteers

We evaluated Big Five personality factor differences between research volunteers and nonvolunteers. In the first study, 158 military officers were asked to participate in a mail survey. The personality scores of the officers were available from an archival data set. In our second study, adult siblings from large families were invited to participate in extensive clinical epidemiological evaluations. The personality scores of volunteers (N = 55) and nonvolunteers from the same families (N = 29) were estimated from sibling ratings made by those who participated in the study. In both studies, respondents, compared to nonrespondents, were found to be significantly lower in Neuroticism and higher in Conscientiousness. The second study further indicated respondents as being higher in Extraversion and Agreeableness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activating a global sport sponsorship with social media: an analysis of TOP sponsors, Twitter, and the 2014 Olympic Games

This research explored the use of Twitter for sponsorship activation by the The Olympic Program (TOP) sponsors during the 2014 Sochi Olympic Winter Games. Using NCapture, a total of 7,519 tweets and retweets of all ten TOP sponsors around the Games were captured from the 1st of January (pre-Olympic) to the 3rd of April, 2014 (post-Olympic). The data were analysed with the aid of Leximancer analytics software. Results show that there is no regular pattern of Twitter use for activation that was identifiable amongst the TOP sponsors; all were found adopting different strategic approaches. Notably, the TOP sponsors differ in terms of the number and types of tweets they produced, retweets they broadcasted, hashtags they rerun, and the registered growth of their followers from pre-games to post-games. The results also show three possible sponsorship objectives communicated by TOP sponsors, namely promotion (of services, products, and companys image), customer appreciation, and athletes encouragement. Potential theoretical and practical implications will be discussed, including suggestions for future research. The work encourages continued investigation.
The discursive construction of mental health problems in Irish print news media

The manner in which various media formats report events and topics that are considered newsworthy is an important site for making discourse visible. Discourses construct realities and are revealed in how objects are spoken about. The aim of this study was to gain a more sophisticated understanding of the way in which ‘common sense’ understandings were employed in establishing knowledge about mental health problems and the resultant production of power through an examination of how mental health problems are constructed in Irish newspapers. This study reports on 123 news items collected over a one month period from five Irish newspapers. The methodological approach adopted was discourse analysis, based on a Foucauldian understanding of discourse, emphasizing the ubiquity and inter connectedness of knowledge and power. The findings suggest that mental health problems were discursively constructed inIrish newspapers enlisting discursive categories of hiddenness, visibility, crises and risk, devastation, illness, psychosocial causation, recovery and professional treatment. These discourses operated to produce an understanding of mental health problems and mental distress as being an individual, biomedically defined phenomenon, beyond the control of the individual, dangerous and devastating to the person, others and society, constructing mental health problems as outside the locus and control of people who experience them, producing a need for the government of mental health. These ‘common sense’ understandings of mental health problems reinforce the superior status of psychiatric knowledge as the legitimate means of both making mental distress visible and as a means of response. Association with physical illness was frequently used to legitimize and de-stigmatize mental health problems. Competing recovery and psychosocial discourses were appropriated by the use of psychiatrically oriented language and by association with psychiatric structures. Representation of social factors related to causation was limited to proximal factors obscuring macro structures that are implicated in the creation and perpetuation of inequality, social deprivation and isolation. Critical discourses that challenge the legitimacy of biological explanations and psychiatry were largely absent.
Prior Related Work Experience and Job Performance: Role of Personality

In contrast to the general notion, recent studies presented a negative or insignificant relationship between prior related work experience (PRWE) and job performance (JP) and suggestively attributed the theoretically inconsistent results to individual factors. Using a sample of 688 sales persons in the insurance industry, the present study found support for the positive relationship between PRWE and JP. Further, the study found the moderation effect of personality factors on the above relationship. Implication of the study to the practitioners and the academia is discussed.
A Framework for Understanding Risk Perception, Explored from the Perspective of the Water Practitioner

Sustainable urban water systems are likely to be hybrids of centralized and decentralized infrastructure, managed as an integrated system in water‐sensitive cities. The technology for many of these systems is available. However, social and institutional barriers, which can be understood as deeply embedded risk perceptions, have impeded their implementation. Risk perceptions within the water sector are often unrecognized or unacknowledged, despite their role in risk management generally in informing value judgments and specifically in ranking risks to achieve management objectives. There has been very little examination of the role of these risk perceptions in advancing more sustainable water supply management through the adoption of alternative sources. To address this gap, this article presents a framework that can be used as a tool for understanding risk perceptions. The framework is built on the relational theory of risk and presents the range of human phenomena that might influence the perception of an “object at risk” in relation to a “risk object. ” It has been synthesized from a critical review of theoretical, conceptual, and empirical studies of perception broadly and risk perception specifically, and interpreted in relation to water practitioners. For a water practitioner, the risk object might be an alternative water system, a component, a process, or a technology, and the object at risk could be public or environmental health, profitability, or professional reputation. This framework has two important functions: to allow practitioners to understand their own and others’ risk perceptions, which might differ, and to inform further empirical research.
Some Sufficient Optimality Conditions in Nonsmooth Analysis

In this paper we study some second order conditions that may be added to the first order nessessary optimality condition $0\in\partial_{p}f(\bar{x})$ (with $\partial_{p}f$ denoting the proximal subdifferential) in order to obtain a sufficient condition for a strict local minimum for extended-real-valued, nonsmooth functions. Three different types of second order conditions are investigated, all based on a different second order subdifferential. Namely, the subhessian, the graphical derivative, and the (contingent) coderivative to the proximal subdifferential.
Obstructive Uropathy And Acute Urinary Retention Caused By Uterine Fibroid In A Non-Pregnant Women-A Case Report

A 38-year-old female gravida 2, para 2, sterilized patient was presented to the hospital with acute urinary retention and severe lower abdominal pain. Clinical and ultrasonographical examination revealed a marked distention of urinary bladder, enlarged uterus with posterior wall fibroid impacted in the pouch of Douglas. Intravenous pyelography revealed a moderate degree of bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis. However, the renal function tests were within normal range. Urine examination revealed pyuria and multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Total abdominal hysterectomy was resorted after considering the medical and social factors. Histopathological examination revealed intramural leiomyoma, complex hyperplasia of the endometrium and chronic cervicitis. Detecting that the fibroid could contribute to the development of acute urinary retention, cystitis and its appropriate management along with the uneventful recovery of the patient indicated the validity of the approach that would have led to serious renal complications. This paper focuses on the acute complications of the uterine fibroid, multidisciplinary diagnostic approach, and the importance of immediate intervention to prevent subsequent renal damage.
E3 ubiquitin ligase APC/C-Cdh1 accounts for the Warburg effect by linking glycolysis to cell proliferation

Cell proliferation is known to be accompanied by activation of glycolysis. We have recently discovered that the glycolysis-promoting enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, isoform 3 (PFKFB3), is degraded by the E3 ubiquitin ligase APC/C-Cdh1, which also degrades cell-cycle proteins. We now show in two different cell types (neoplastic and nonneoplastic) that both proliferation and aerobic glycolysis are prevented by overexpression of Cdh1 and enhanced by its silencing. Furthermore, we have coexpressed Cdh1 with PFKFB3—either wild-type or a mutant form resistant to ubiquitylation by APC/C-Cdh1—or with the glycolytic enzyme 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase and demonstrated that whereas glycolysis is essential for cell proliferation, its initiation in the presence of active Cdh1 does not result in proliferation. Our experiments indicate that the proliferative response, regardless of whether it occurs in normal or neoplastic cells, is dependent on a decrease in the activity of APC/C-Cdh1, which activates both proliferation and glycolysis. These observations have implications for cell proliferation, neoplastic transformation, and the prevention and treatment of cancer.