Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
fMRI investigation of sentence comprehension by eye and by ear: Modality fingerprints on cognitive processes

The neural substrate underlying reading vs. listening comprehension of sentences was compared using fMRI. One way in which this issue was addressed was by comparing the patterns of activation particularly in cortical association areas that classically are implicated in language processing. The precise locations of the activation differed between the two modalities. In the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area), the activation associated with listening was more anterior and inferior than the activation associated with reading, suggesting more semantic processing during listening comprehension. In the left posterior superior and middle temporal region (roughly, Wernicke's area), the activation for listening was closer to primary auditory cortex (more anterior and somewhat more lateral) than the activation for reading. In several regions, the activation was much more left lateralized for reading than for listening. In addition to differences in the location of the activation, there were also differences in the total amount of activation in the two modalities in several regions. A second way in which the modality comparison was addressed was by examining how the neural systems responded to comprehension workload in the two modalities by systematically varying the structural complexity of the sentences to be processed. Here, the distribution of the workload increase associated with the processing of additional structural complexity was very similar across the two input modalities. The results suggest a number of subtle differences in the cognitive processing underlying listening vs. reading comprehension. Hum. Brain Mapping 13:239–252, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bounds on the number of slicing, mosaic, and general floorplans

A floorplan can be defined as a rectangular dissection of the floorplan region. Simple and tight asymptotic bounds on the number of floorplans for different dissection structures help us to evaluate the size of the solution space of different floorplan representation. They are also interesting theoretically. However, only loose bounds exist in the literature. In this paper, we derive tighter asymptotic bounds on the number of slicing, mosaic and general floorplans. Consider the floorplanning of n blocks. For slicing floorplan, we prove that the exact number is n! ((-1)/sup n+1//2)/spl Sigma//sub k=0//sup n/(3+/spl radic/8)/sup n-2k/(/sub k//sup 1/2/)(/sub n - k//sup 1/2/) and the tight bound is /spl Theta/(n! 2/sup 2.543n//n/sup 1.5/) [9] . For mosaic floorplan, we prove that the tight bound is /spl Theta/(n! 2/sup 3n//n/sup 4/). For general floorplan, we prove a tighter lower bound of /spl Omega/(n! 2/sup 3n//n/sup 4/) and a tighter upper bound of O(n! 2/sup 5n//n/sup 4.5/).
File updates under random/arbitrary insertions and deletions

A client/encoder edits a file, as modeled by an insertion-deletion (InDel) process. An old copy of the file is stored remotely at a data-centre/decoder, and is also available to the client. We consider the problem of throughput- and computationally-efficient communication from the client to the data-centre, to enable the server to update its copy to the newly edited file. We study two models for the source files/edit patterns: the random pre-edit sequence left-to-right random InDel (RPES-LtRRID) process, and the arbitrary pre-edit sequence arbitrary InDel (APES-AID) process. In both models, we consider the regime in which the number of insertions/deletions is a small (but constant) fraction of the original file. For both models we prove information-theoretic lower bounds on the best possible compression rates that enable file updates. Conversely, our compression algorithms use dynamic programming (DP) and entropy coding, and achieve rates that are approximately optimal.
Predicting Postprandial Lipemia in Healthy Adults and in At‐Risk Individuals With Components of the Cardiometabolic Syndrome

To determine whether a single‐point triglyceride (TG) concentration could estimate the 8‐hour postprandial lipemic (PPL) response, men and women performed baseline PPL (n=188) and postexercise PPL (n=92) trials. Correlations were generated between TG concentrations at baseline and at various time points after a high‐fat meal vs 8‐hour area under the TG curve (TG‐AUC) and peak TG level. Stepwise multiple regression and bootstrap simulations using TG level and additional predictor variables of sex, age, percentage of body fat, training status, and maximal oxygen consumption indicated that the 4‐hour TG concentrations accounted for >90% of the variance in TG‐AUC and peak TG responses during the PPL trials. Equations were confirmed by cross‐validation in healthy as well as at‐risk individuals with components of the cardiometabolic syndrome. Our data suggest that the 4‐hour TG value is highly related to the total 8‐hour PPL response and can be used for accurate estimation of PPL in a clinical or research setting.
An Antifungal Benzimidazole Derivative Inhibits Ergosterol Biosynthesis and Reveals Novel Sterols

ABSTRACT Fungal infections are a leading cause of morbidity and death for hospitalized patients, mainly because they remain difficult to diagnose and to treat. Diseases range from widespread superficial infections such as vulvovaginal infections to life-threatening systemic candidiasis. For systemic mycoses, only a restricted arsenal of antifungal agents is available. Commonly used classes of antifungal compounds include azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins. Due to emerging resistance to standard therapies, significant side effects, and high costs for several antifungals, there is a need for new antifungals in the clinic. In order to expand the arsenal of compounds with antifungal activity, we previously screened a compound library using a cell-based screening assay. A set of novel benzimidazole derivatives, including (S)-2-(1-aminoisobutyl)-1-(3-chlorobenzyl)benzimidazole (EMC120B12), showed high antifungal activity against several species of pathogenic yeasts, including Candida glabrata and Candida krusei (species that are highly resistant to antifungals). In this study, comparative analysis of EMC120B12 versus fluconazole and nocodazole, using transcriptional profiling and sterol analysis, strongly suggested that EMC120B12 targets Erg11p in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway and not microtubules, like other benzimidazoles. In addition to the marker sterol 14-methylergosta-8,24(28)-dien-3β,6α-diol, indicating Erg11p inhibition, related sterols that were hitherto unknown accumulated in the cells during EMC120B12 treatment. The novel sterols have a 3β,6α-diol structure. In addition to the identification of novel sterols, this is the first time that a benzimidazole structure has been shown to result in a block of the ergosterol pathway.
D cyclins in lymphocytes

D cyclins are essential for the progression of cells through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. There are three distinct D cyclins. Cyclin D1 has been shown to be expressed by many different types of cells but not by lymphocytes. Cyclins D2 and D3 have been found in lymphocytes.
Consumer sensory analysis of high flavonoid transgenic tomatoes.

UNLABELLED Tomatoes have ameliorative effects on cardiovascular disease and cancer. In this study, metabolic engineering of flavonoids was utilized to improve the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing flavonol and anthocyanin content. Total flavonol content was significantly increased in both the peel and flesh using the onion chalcone isomerase (CHI) gene. The Delila (Del) and Rosea1 (Ros1) genes from the snapdragon Antirrhinum majus were concomitantly expressed to produce an anthocyanin-rich tomato which was purple in color. Sensory evaluation by a panel of 81 untrained consumers revealed no significant difference in liking of color or texture between CHI, Del/Ros1, and wild-type tomatoes. Consumers reported marginal but significantly higher preference for the flavor and overall liking of CHI tomatoes over Del/Ros1 and wild-type tomatoes. This study is the first to report the results of sensory tests of transgenic tomatoes by a consumer panel representing the general consuming public. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Transgenic procedures were used to increase the flavonol and anthocyanin contents of tomatoes. An untrained consumer panel scored flavor and overall liking of the 2 transgenic tomatoes higher than wild-type tomatoes and reported no difference in liking of texture or color between the 3 tomatoes. After participating in the sensory study, 14% of the panelists changed their attitudes positively toward transgenic vegetables and 96% of the consumers on the panel reported that they would buy transgenic food if they believed that it would promote health.
Treatment outcomes after methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate or atomoxetine

Purpose To compare treatment adherence, discontinuation, add-on, and daily average consumption (DACON) among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder receiving second-line lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) or atomoxetine (ATX), following methylphenidate. Patients and methods A retrospective cohort study using US commercial claims databases (Q2/2009–Q3/2013). Results At month 12, the LDX cohort (N=2,718) had a higher adherence level (proportion of days covered: 0.48 versus 0.30, P<0.001) and was less likely to discontinue (Kaplan–Meier estimate: 63% versus 85%, P<0.001) than the ATX cohort (N=674). There were no statistical differences in treatment add-on rates between cohorts (Kaplan–Meier estimate: 26% versus 25%, P=0.297). The LDX cohort had a lower DACON (1.10 versus 1.31, P<0.001) and was less likely to have a DACON >1 (adjusted odds ratio: 0.20, 95% confidence interval: 0.15–0.25, P<0.001) than the ATX cohort. Conclusion Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with LDX following methylphenidate had a higher treatment adherence and lower discontinuation and DACON relative to those treated with ATX following methylphenidate.
Seamline Determination Based on Segmentation for Urban Image Mosaicking

This letter presents a method of seamline determination based on segmentation for orthoimage mosaicking in an urban area. Image segmentation is used to achieve regions of objects. First, preferred regions through which seamlines are inclined to be passed are determined by spans of segmented regions. Second, pixel-level optimization is carried out using Dijkstra's algorithm based on differential cost to find the optimized seamline. The experimental results on digital aerial orthoimages in the urban area prove that the new method is promising for the seamline determination in mosaicking.
Autoimmunity in intervertebral disc herniation: from bench to bedside

Introduction: The cause of low back pain and the pathophysiology of lumbar pain and sciatica have recently been reconsidered basing on current knowledge on cellular and molecular mediators of inflammation. Several cytokines have been considered as potential therapeutic targets to contrast sciatica in patients with disc herniation, and supportive studies suggest a leading role of TNF-α in this contest: therefore, clinical trials have tested TNF-α inhibitors in the clinical setting of the patient with radicular pain secondary to an herniated disc. Areas covered: The current review deals with the autoimmune theory of disc herniation and its role in determining radiculopathy and neuropathic pain. It also reports the recent evidences that led to the introduction of anti-TNF-α drugs into the clinical setting as a biological therapy for radiculopathy and disc herniation. Expert opinion: Targeting the TNF-α pathway has demonstrated controversial effects in the tested study population and available results only report a short-term follow-up. More confirmatory studies in terms of long-term clinical results, complications, more effective route of administration and cost-effective analysis are required to establish the real role of this biological therapy in the treatment of patients with disc herniation and neuropathy.
Compound elevated skull fracture: a clinical series of three patients with a review of the literature.

AIM Compound elevated fracture of the skull is an unusual variety of fracture of the cranial vault that has been rarely described in the currently available literature. The authors describe three such patients with post-traumatic compound elevated skull fracture. The pertinent literature is reviewed, the injury mechanism is highlighted and the management issues are discussed in detail. CASE DESCRIPTION All three patients in this series presented with elevation of free skull fracture fragments above the surface. The mode of injury was rail accident in two patients and injury by a rapidly moving crane in one patient. Two patients had dural laceration with extrusion of brain matter through the dural defect. The remaining patient had an elevated fracture fragment simulating a formal craniotomy with an intact dura. The patient who suffered crane injury was brought dead. Surgery was performed in remaining two patients. Wound debridement and duraplasty was performed. Both patients received broad-spectrum antibiotics in anti-meningitic doses. Both of these patients did well after surgery. CONCLUSION Elevated skull fractures are usually compound injuries. High velocity tangential impact to the skull vault is the most likely causative mechanism in such type of injury. Delay in surgery could lead to intracranial sepsis including meningitis and brain abscess. Thus, these fractures should be aggressively treated.
Longitudinal changes in cardiac autonomic function and aerobic fitness indices in endurance runners: A case study with a high-level team

Abstract To determine the effects of preparatory phase training on aerobic parameters, resting heart rate variability (HRV) and 5-km performance of high-level endurance runners and the relationship between the percentage change (% change) of resting HRV with the % change of aerobic parameters and 5-km performance. Six runners were assessed before and after seven weeks of training. The aerobic parameters were determined in an incremental test. The HRV was assessed by a heart rate monitor. Athletes performed a 5-km running test in a track. The analysis revealed ‘likely’ and ‘very likely’ improvements for velocity associated with maximal oxygen uptake ( O2max) (20.0±1.0 km·h−1 to 21.2±0.6 km·h−1) and 5-km performance (18.0±0.4 km·h−1 to 18.9±0.7 km·h−1), respectively, as well as ‘likely’ decrease in high frequency (41.4±18.5 nu to 30.4±14.3 nu), and increase in low frequency (58.5±18.5 nu to 69.6±14.3 nu) band densities. The variation in the velocity associated with O2max showed the highest correlation with 5-km performance (r=0.95). The % change in the square root of the mean sum of the squared differences between R–R intervals and standard deviation 1 were highly correlated with variation in 5-km performance (r=0.69 and 0.66). Changes in the velocity associated with O2max and vagally mediated HRV were highly associated with 5-km running performance within the investigated team. These results have important implications because these parameters can be assessed longitudinally to monitor adaptation to training.
ASPIS: A Holistic and Practical Mechanism for Efficient MTC Support over Mobile Networks

Machine Type Communications (MTC) collectively refers to the exchange of data among devices that operate without human intervention. A significant number of such devices are currently served by cellular networks, and that number is expected to grow in the near future. However, cellular networks, including current fourth generation LTE networks, face several challenges when it comes to handling MTC traffic as they were primarily designed for Human Type Communications (HTC) which have very different traffic patterns. In this paper we focus on periodic MTC devices, such as sensors and meters, which cause significant signaling load and increased collisions over standard LTE networks. We propose ASPIS, a holistic mechanism designed to overcome these problems. ASPIS reduces the signaling load by partly preserving a device's connection to the network in conjunction with a new Random Access process and efficient support for short message transmissions. In addition, it uses a proactive preamble split scheme to alleviate collisions. ASPIS is easy to implement without requiring hardware changes while at the same time maintains security and can be incrementally deployed alongside legacy devices/infrastructure. We showcase the practicality of ASPIS by implementing it on the OpenAirInterface platform. Further, we demonstrate its effectiveness through extensive evaluations via a combination of small-scale experimental evaluation and large-scale, realistic simulations.
Genetic Characterization of the Role of the Cip/Kip Family of Proteins as Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors and Assembly Factors

ABSTRACT The Cip/Kip family, namely, p21Cip1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2, are stoichiometric cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs). Paradoxically, they have been proposed to also act as positive regulators of Cdk4/6-cyclin D by stabilizing these heterodimers. Loss of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 reduces Cdk4/6-cyclin D complexes, although with limited phenotypic consequences compared to the embryonic lethality of Cdk4/6 or triple cyclin D deficiency. This milder phenotype was attributed to Cdk2 compensatory mechanisms. To address this controversy using a genetic approach, we generated Cdk2−/− p21−/− p27−/− mice. Triple-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) displayed minimal levels of D-type cyclins and Cdk4/6-cyclin D complexes. p57Kip2 downregulation in the absence of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 aggravated this phenotype, yet MEFs lacking all Cip/Kip proteins exhibited increased retinoblastoma phosphorylation, together with enhanced proliferation and transformation capacity. In vivo, Cdk2 ablation induced partial perinatal lethality in p21−/− p27−/− mice, suggesting partial Cdk2-dependent compensation. However, Cdk2−/− p21−/− p27−/− survivors displayed all phenotypes described for p27−/− mice, including organomegalia and pituitary tumors. Thus, Cip/Kip deficiency does not impair interphasic Cdk activity even in the absence of Cdk2, suggesting that their Cdk-cyclin assembly function is dispensable for homeostatic control in most cell types.
Classification of Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Patients as Insulin-Requiring or Non—Insulin-Requiring Based on Clinical and Biochemical Variables

In a prospective study of 41 consecutively referred newly diagnosed diabetic patients, we evaluated the predictive value of fasting and glucagon-stimulated C-peptide values, ketonuria, age, and body weight in the classification of subjects as insulin-requiring (IR) or non-insulin-requiring (NIR). The patients were followed up for ≥12 mo and classified as NIR if adequate glycemic control could be achieved without insulin (i.e., fasting plasma glucose < 8 mM and no glycosuria). Patients who needed insulin to obtain this status were classified as IR. We found that all subjects with plasma C-peptide values >0.60 nM 6 min after intravenous glucagon were NIR, whereas all IR subjects together with 3 NIR subjects had C-peptide values below this limit. All NIR subjects but 1 had fasting C-peptide values > 0.30 nM, and all IR subjects but 1 had C-peptide values below this limit. Seventy-five percent of the subjects could be correctly classified by use of age and percent desirable body weight. Thus, all subjects > 40 yr old and >100% ideal body weight were NIR, and all subjects below both these limits were IR. Ketonuria was found in 10 of 12 IR subjects and in 10 of 29 NIR subjects. We conclude that 1) 75% of the subjects could be correctly classified by use of age and percent desirable body weight only and 2) C-peptide measurements are useful in the classification of newly diagnosed diabetes, whereas presence of ketonuria is of limited value.
Candidate Genes in Adult Elderly and Adult Intermeddle Diabetes

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com is based on the multiple pathophysiological effects involved in its pathogenesis, as well as dissection of its possible overlapping genetic component in families with DM presenting different forms of inheritance in conjunction with type 2 DM. Unfortunately it is not known, even the frequency of these overlapping positions, nor have all the phenotypes of these positions been reported [15]. Five pure forms of DM have now been reported; DM type 1, DM type 2, DM with deafness, DM onset in young adult (MODY), DM onset in older adult and neonatal DM. The first two have a multifactorial inheritance pattern, the third mitochondrial, and the last autosomal dominant [1-5]. Familial co-inheritance of DM MODY with type 2 DM results in a variant of DM onset in the neonatal stage. Families with DM2 have been reported to develop antibodies characteristic of type 1 DM, or type 2 DM with mitochondrial component. In the Mexican population DM MODY has been described with the production of antibodies characteristic of DM1. Therefore, it is essential for physicians of all levels of health care to acquire expertise to perform a dissection of the combined forms in their captive population, as this translates into differences in metabolic control [1-5].
Developmental disease and cancer: Biological and clinical overlaps

Numerous parallelisms exist between development and cancer. In this article, I review some of the founding ideas linking development and cancer, and highlight clinical conditions exhibiting features of both developmental derangement and cancer predisposition, including cohesinopathies, rasopathies, phakomatoses, Proteus syndrome and other overgrowth disorders, recessive chromosome breakage syndromes, and dominant hereditary cancer syndromes. I suggest that these disorders encompass a continuous spectrum spanning clinical genetics and clinical oncology, and derive some general implications that might be useful in the future for the treatment of these diseases. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
[The influence of gender on the perception of dyspnea in patients with mild-moderate asthma].

BACKGROUND Men and women respond differently to asthma. Current data suggest that there are more hospital admissions, decreased quality of life (QOL) and increased use of MDIs, in asthmatic females compared to males. PATIENTS AND METHODS Respiratory muscle strength, 2-agonists consumption, the QOL and the perception of dyspnea (POD) were measured in 20 asthmatic females and 20 males, with mild-persistent to moderate asthma. The results were compared to 40 normal subjects (20 females and 20 males), age matched, who served as a control group. RESULTS Inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength were significantly lower (p < 0.01), while the POD and the mean daily 2-agonist consumption were significantly higher (p < 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively), in the females. The females also had significantly lower QOL compared to their male counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The POD and the mean daily 2-agonist consumption, in asthmatic females, are significantly higher and the QOL significantly lower than that of their male counterparts. The females also had weaker respiratory muscles. Hence, knowing the relation between the POD and the respiratory muscles it can be assumed that this deference in strength may play a role in the gender differences in the response to asthma.
Indexing Flower Patent Images Using Domain Knowledge

The article explains how to query a database of flower patent images using both an example flower image and color names. This database consists of images that have been digitized from photographs submitted as a part of applications for flower patents to the US Patents and Trademark Office. This database must be queried by both example images and color name, so that both those checking new patent applications and those buying patents for cultivation can use it.