Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cyst formation in mesosalpinx, mesovarium and fimbria in cows and sows.

Macro- and microscopic findings were obtained on cysts formed in the reproductive organs, particularly the mesosalpinx, mesovarium, and fimbria, of 709 cows and 791 sows. The number of cysts totaled 815 for the cows and 525 for the sows, with relative frequencies of 32.3% and 29.3%, respectively. The majority of the cysts measured below 5.9 mm in diameter, with 3 very few large cysts measuring over 10 mm in diameter With regard to the location of the cysts, the highest incidence of cysts was found in the fimbria in cows (81.0%) and in the mesosalpinx in sows (62.9%). In both species, the incidence of the cyst formation in the mesovarium was lower than that in either mesosalpinx or fimbria. So-called parovarian cysts were quite rare. The cysts were classified into 3 types histologically and into 2 types on the basis of cyclic changes in their epithelia. In the latter classification, one type responded to sex hormones, along with the tubal epithelium which was classified as the cyclic change type. The other type did not respond to sex hormones and was classified as the non-cyclic change type. Because of its locality and response to sex hormones, the cyclic change type was regarded as of paramesonephric origin, whereas the non-cyclic change type was of mesonephric origin. Animals with cysts which gave pressure upon the oviducts exhibited histological changes, including partial atrophy or lack of folds in the tubal mucosa.
Tunnel FET-based ultra-low power, low-noise amplifier design for bio-signal acquisition

Ultra-low power circuit design techniques have enabled rapid progress in biosignal acquisition. The design of a multichannel biosignal recording system is a challenging task, considering the low amplitude of neural signals and limited power budget for an implantable system. The front-end low-noise amplifier is a critical component with respect to overall power consumption and noise of such system. In this paper, we present a new design of III-V Heterojunction TFET (HTFET)-based neural amplifier employing a telescopic operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for multichannel neural spike recording. Exploiting the unique device characteristics of HTFETs, our simulation shows that the proposed amplifier exhibits a midband gain of 39 dB, a gain bandwidth of 12 Hz-2.1 kHz, and an input-referred noise of 6.27 μVrms, consuming 5 nW of power at a 0.5 V supply voltage. Using the proposed HTFET amplifier, a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 0.64 is achieved, which is significantly lower than the CMOS-based theoretical limit. Design tradeoffs related to gain, power and noise requirements are investigated, based on a comprehensive electrical noise model of HTFET and compared with the baseline Si FinFET design.
Finding the Needle in the Haystack: Identifying Business Communities in Internet Traffic

Identifying real-world business communities, e.g., Energy, finance, defense, in Internet traffic is a challenging problem but would be valuable for the construction of better in-trusion detection techniques, for example. Seed-based community detection identifies a community in a graph by iteratively adding the 'closest' vertices to an initial set of seed-vertices which are known to belong to the community. Previous research focused on unambiguous networks, where edges describe a specific intention in a fixed domain (e.g., A 'friend' in a social network) and tightly-knit communities whose members are better connected to each other ('close') than to the rest of the network. However, looking at a complete day of raw Internet traffic, we found that (1) the intend of a communication is ambiguous (e.g., ad-downloads are indistinguishable from web-page downloads) and (2) real-world industries manifest themselves as loosely-coupled communities, i.e., With more edges to non-community members than to community members. We present a new seed-based community detection algorithm that provides higher precision and recall in our setting than the related work. We show that this enables the detection of loosely-knit communities using three sample industries. For instance, our solution detected 111 individual energy companies with only 6 false positives, starting from eight ISOs (Independent System Operators) and RTO (Regional Transmission Operators) in the US.
Emergence of Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in a Clinical Escherichia coli Isolate from Egypt

Colistin is considered a last resort for the treatment of infections caused by carbapenemase-producing members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Recently, a transferable plasmid conferring resistance to colistin was discovered in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from China ([1][1]) and was
Optimization of IEEE 802.11e Access Class Parameters with Cross-layer Approach

The aim of this paper is to analyze the performance of diverse applications in a wireless scenario based on the IEEE 802.11e standard. In particular, TCP-based traffic (several TCP versions was be used, such as: TCP NewReno, SACK, and Westwood+) and UDP-based traffic was considered referring to FTP download and VoIP applications, respectively. Tests carried out in the ns-2 environment have permitted to evaluate quality of service issues and the cross-layer impact on the transport layer due to EDCA parameters. The interest is here on the selection of the contention window sizes for different IEEE 802.11e access classes in order to guarantee a good performance for both TCP-based and UDP-based traffic flows.
Bone conditioning to enhance implant osseointegration: an experimental study in pigs.

PURPOSE Osseointegration of implants depends on time and the local bone conditions regarding quality and quantity. This led to the bone classification by Lekholm and Zarb. The aim of the present study was to enhance osseointegration of implants through conditioning of the bone bed and to compare in this context the efficacy of bone condensation, an osteoinductive collagen (Colloss), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Porcine frontal skull bone was used for the preparation of Identical-size implant beds. Before placement of the implants (Ankylos, 3.5 x 4 mm), the implant beds were untreated (control) or conditioned with condensation, Colloss, or PRP. The animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The specimens were then compared and analyzed by microradiography, and statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS At the early observation times, significant effects on the sites of topical bone conditioning in comparison to the control group could be seen regarding the implant-bone interface (2 weeks: control 31%, Colloss 60%, condensation 73%, PRP 47%; 4 weeks: control 39%, Colloss 51%, condensation 40%, PRP 42%) and peri-implant bone density (2 weeks: control 31%, Colloss 48%, condensation 59%, PRP 39%; 4 weeks: control 47%, Colloss 53%, condensation 41%, PRP 50%). A leveling of the results between groups was found at 8 weeks (implant-bone interface: control 51%, Colloss 58%, condensation 55%, PRP 62%; peri-implant bone density: control 50%, Colloss 55%, condensation 51%, PRP 51%). DISCUSSION Overall, bone condensation and Colloss apparently influenced bone formation process from the onset, but over the entire 8-week healing period, differences in bone formation were not significant CONCLUSION It can be stated that, in the initial healing phase, an effect of topical bone conditioning may be achieved by the different described methods.
Essential oil composition of the aerial parts of fresh and air-dried Salvia palaestina Benth. (Lamiaceae) growing wild in Jordan

The composition of the essential oil of fresh and air-dried Salvia palaestina Benth. (Lamiaceae) growing wild in Jordan has been studied using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The essential oils of fresh and air-dried S. palaestina were mainly composed of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (52.66% and 65.98%, respectively). The major component detected in the oils of fresh and dry S. palaestina was germacrene D (21.18% and 26.02%, respectively). Air drying resulted in a general increase of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and a great decrease in the percentage of monoterpene hydrocarbons.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5-Induced Phosphorylation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in Astrocytes Depends on Transactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) induce the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase by actions on any of a number of signal transduction systems. Previous studies have revealed that activation of the Gq-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) induces phosphorylation of the MAP kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) in cultured rat cortical astrocytes. We performed a series of studies to determine the mechanisms underlying mGluR5-induced phosphorylation of MAP kinase in these cells. Interestingly, our studies suggest that mGluR5-mediated ERK2 phosphorylation is dependent on the activation of Gαq but is not mediated by the activation of phospholipase Cβ1, activation of protein kinase C, or increases in intracellular calcium. Studies with peptide inhibitors suggest that this response is not dependent on Gβγ subunits. However, the activation of ERK2 was dependent on activation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and activation of a Src family tyrosine kinase. Furthermore, activation of mGluR5 induced an association of this receptor and the EGF receptor, suggesting the formation of a signaling complex involved in the activation of ERK2. These data suggest that mGluR5 increases ERK2 phosphorylation in astrocytes by a novel mechanism involving the activation of Gαq and both receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases but that is independent of the activation of phospholipase Cβ1.
Biofilm formation and susceptibility towards antimicrobial agents in local clinical isolates of staphylococcus epidermidis

A total of 86 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were isolated from patients in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, between December 2010 to March 2011. It was observed that 47% of these isolates were able to form biofilm with 14% displaying very strong biofilm formation, another 14% showed strong biofilm formation while 7% and 12% were moderate and weak biofilm producers respectively. Except for weak producers, the biofilm producing strains were further characterized for their susceptibility profiles against four antibiotics; gentamicin, erythromycin, oxacillin and rifampicin. Highest resistance pattern was observed in oxacillin where 97% of the S. epidermidis strains were found to be resistant to this antibiotic while 77% and 70% of the strains were resistant to erythromycin and gentamicin respectively. Rifampicin was found to be most effective against S. epidermidis where resistance was observed in only 40% of the isolates. In addition, more than 30% of these isolates displayed multi resistant to all four antibiotics tested.
Natural Resources and Local Communities: Evidence from a Peruvian Gold Mine

This paper examines the local economic impact of Yanacocha, a large gold mine in Northern Peru. Using annual household data from 1997 to 2006, we find evidence of a positive effect of the mine’s demand for local inputs on real income. The effects are only present in the supply market and surrounding areas, and reach unskilled workers in nonmining sectors. Consistent with a general equilibrium framework, we also find an increase in the local price of nontradable goods. Taken together, our results underline the potential of backward linkages from extractive industries to create positive spillovers in less developed economies. (JEL L72, O13, O18, Q32, Q33, R11) The grudge against what has become known as the “enclave” type of development is due to this ability of primary products from mines, wells, and plantations to slip out of a country without leaving much of a trace in the rest of the economy. — Hirschman (1958, 110)
Early Clinical Experience with a Polymer-Free Biolimus A9 Drug-Coated Stent in DES-Type Patients Who Are Poor Candidates for Prolonged Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy

Introduction Prolonged dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT) may cause excess bleeding in certain patients. The biolimus-A9 drug-coated stent (BA9-DCS) has a rapid drug-elution profile allowing shortened DAPT. Data were gathered on the early experience implanting this stent in drug-eluting stent eligible patients deemed to be at high risk of bleeding. Background and Methods The demographics, procedural data and clinical outcomes were gathered prospectively for 249 patients treated with a BA9-DCS stent at 2 UK centres, and compared to a cohort of patients treated in the same period with drug-eluting stents (PCI-DES). Results Operator-defined BA9-DCS indications included warfarin therapy, age, and anaemia. Patients receiving a BA9-DCS were older (71.6±11.8 vs. 64.8±11.6yrs, p<0.001), more often female (38.2 vs. 26.8%, P<0.001), and more likely to have comorbidity including chronic kidney disease or poor LV function than PCI-DES patients. The baseline Mehran bleed risk score was also significantly higher in the BA9-DCS group (19.4±8.7 vs. 13.1±5.8, p<0.001). Of the BA9-DCS cohort, 95.5% of patients demonstrated disease fitting NICE criteria for DES placement. The number of lesions treated (1.81±1.1 vs. 1.58±0.92, p = 0.003), total lesion length (32.1±21.7 vs. 26.1±17.6mm, p<0.001), number of stents used (1.93±1.11 vs. 1.65±1.4, p = 0.007) and total stent length (37.5±20.8 vs. 32.4±20.3, p<0.01) were greater for BA9-DCS patients. DAPT was prescribed for 3.3±3.9 months for BA9-DCS patients and 11.3±2.4 months for PCI-DES patients (p<0.001). At follow up of 392±124 days despite the abbreviated DAPT course stent related event were infrequent with ischemia-driven restenosis PCI (2.8 vs. 3.4%, p = 0.838), and stent thrombosis (1.6 vs. 2.1%, p = 0.265) rates similar between the BA9-DCS ad PCI-DES groups. After propensity scoring all clinical end-points were similar between both cohorts. Conclusions This early experience using polymer-free BA9 drug-coated stents in drug-eluting stent type patients at risk of bleeding are encouraging. Further studies are warranted.
Antimicrobial activity and bioautographic study of antistaphylococcal components from Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tull.

A determinacao da atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos metanolicos e em acetato de etila da folha, casca do caule, casca da raiz, flor, fruto e semente de Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tull. foi realizada frente a dezessete isolados de Staphylococcus aureus MRSA multirresistentes, dois isolados de S. aureus MSSA e duas cepas padrao, pelas tecnicas de poco/difusao em agar e determinacao das CMI pelo metodo de diluicao em agar/multiinoculador de Stears. O extrato metanolico de casca da raiz indicou uma boa atividade, com CMI inferior a 0.5 mg.mL-1. Os extratos secos por extracao em acetato de etila apresentaram menor atividade que se poderia explicar por problemas de solubilidade e menor difusao no meio de cultura em agar. Resultados das bioautografias confirmaram zonas de inibicao correspondente as substâncias ativas presente na folha, como tambem na flor da C. pyramidalis. No estudo fitoquimico das folhas, casca da caule, casca da raiz, flor e fruto dos extratos de C. pyramidalis evidenciou-se a presenca de varios constituintes com reconhecida atividade antimicrobiana, entre estes o acido ursolico, quercetina, catequina, acido elagico, sitosterol, flavonoides, proantocianidinas e acido galico. Entre todos os metabolitos citados, somente o ultimo nao observamos, por CCD, na casca da raiz de C. pyramidalis.
Anatomy of Ligamentous Structures in the Tarsal Sinus and Canal

Background: The descriptive morphology of the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament and other structures in the tarsal sinus and canal vary. An anatomical investigation of the ligamentous structures in the tarsal sinus and canal identified two distinct ligaments, the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament and the anterior capsular ligament, and three components of the medial root of the inferior extensor retinaculum. Methods: Forty embalmed cadaver feet were examined. After disarticulation of the ankle joint, the posterior half of the talus was removed. The length, width, and thickness of the two ligaments and the three components of the extensor retinaculum in the tarsal canal and sinus were measured with calipers. Anatomical variations were recorded. Results: The interosseous talocalcaneal ligament was band-like in 92.5% (38 of 40) of examined specimens, and the anterior capsular ligament was present in 95% (39 of 40) of specimens. The interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, the medial component of the inferior extensor retinaculum, and the talar component of the inferior extensor retinaculum had one or two distinct anatomical variations of morphology and attachments. The interosseous talocalcaneal ligament and the medial component of the extensor retinaculum formed a V shape in the tarsal sinus and canal. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: We demonstrated the morphology and dimensions of the ligaments and components of the extensor retinaculum in the tarsal sinus and canal. Precise anatomy of the structures in the tarsal sinus and canal will strengthen our understanding of their function in the motion or stabilization of the subtalar joint. There may be a functional link between the medial component of the inferior extensor retinaculum and the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament.
Injection of Autologous Blood versus Corticosteroid for Lateral Epicondylitis: A Randomised Controlled Study

Purpose. To compare the efficacy of autologous blood injection versus corticosteroid injection for lateral epicondylitis. Methods. 21 men and 59 women (mean age, 45.2 years) presenting with lateral epicondylitis were randomised to receive either autologous blood injection (2 ml of autologous venous blood mixed with 1 ml of 2% prilocaine hydrochloride) or corticosteroid injection (1 ml of 40 mg methylprednisolone acetate mixed with 1 ml of 2% prilocaine hydrochloride) given by a single physician. Patients were assessed before (day 0) and after (days 15, 30, and 90) treatment for elbow pain (using a visual analogue scale [VAS]), function (using the patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation [PRTEE] questionnaire), and grip strength (using a hydraulic hand dynamometer). Patients were followed up at 6 months by telephone to assess elbow pain using the VAS. Results. No complications (infection, skin atrophy, neurovascular damage, or tendon rupture) were noted. 10 patients reported increased pain for up to 2 days after autologous blood injection. In both groups, the VAS score for elbow pain, PRTEE score, and grip strength improved significantly after treatment (p=0.0001), but the pattern of improvement differed. Compared with autologous blood injection, corticosteroid injection improved all 3 scores at a faster rate over the first 15 days (p=0.0001), and then started to decline slightly until day 90. After autologous blood injection, all 3 scores improved steadily and were eventually better (p=0.0001). If a 37% decrease in PRTEE is defined as complete recovery, 38 (95%) of patients with autologous blood injection and 25 (62.5%) of patients with corticosteroid injection achieved complete recovery (p=0.0001). Conclusion. Autologous blood injection was more effective over the follow-up period than corticosteroid injection in improving pain, function, and grip strength. It is recommended as a first-line injection treatment because it is simple, cheap, and effective.
Adaptive ±1 Steganography in Extended Noisy Region

A novel adaptive steganographic scheme for spatial image is proposed. A noisy function is used to measure texture complexity of 2 × 2 pixel blocks, which keeps monotonic increasing after ±1 modifications. Therefore, the message is embedded into the noisiest areas and the recipient can identify the embedding region. The ‘double-layered embedding’ is exploited to reduce the number of ±1 modifications, in which the fast matrix embedding and wet paper codes are applied to the least significant bit (LSB) plane and the second LSB plane, respectively. The experiments on resisting three steganalyzers show that the proposed method performs better than four typical steganographic schemes. Moreover, comparing with the extended highly undetectable steGO having parameter T = 255, the novel method achieves the competitive ability of resisting detection and faster embedding speed.
High Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Symptoms Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Background: Few studies have documented the rates of psychiatric symptoms in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients and compared them with healthy controls. Aim: To determine whether there is a relationship between high depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients in comparison to a group of controls. Design: This was a matched case-control study. Setting: Primary Health Care (PHC) Centres of the Supreme Council of Health, State of Qatar. Subjects: 889 DM patients and 889 healthy subjects matched for age, gender and ethnicity, from September 2009 to August 2010 were included in this study. Methods: Face to face interviews were conducted with DM patients and controls using a questionnaire which captured the socio-demographic characteristics of subjects and the short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)-21 questionnaire. Furthermore, we used the questionnaire based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess the validity of DASS-21. Results: The study findings revealed that most of the studied diabetic cases (33.6%) and healthy controls (30.9%) were in the 40-49 years age group. Significantly larger proportion of DM subjects had severe depression scores (13.6% vs 5.9%; p<0.001); severe anxiety scores (35.3% vs 16.3%; p<0.001); and severe stress scores (23.4% vs 10%; p<0.001) compared to healthy controls. The major predictors for high depression scores among diabetic cases were systolic blood pressure (OR 3.91; p=0.001), duration of diabetes (OR 2.68; p=0.011) and obesity (OR 2.50; p=0.001). The major predictors for high anxiety scores among diabetic cases were systolic blood pressure (OR 2.8; p=0.001), obesity (OR 2.27; p=0.001), and smoking (OR 1.78; p=0.04). The leading predictors for high stress scores were systolic blood pressure (OR 3.57; P=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (OR 2.80; P=0.001) and physical activity (OR 2.11, P=0.025). Diabetic women had higher depression (63.3% vs 50.4%), anxiety (70.1% vs 61.6%) and stress (73.3% vs 61.4%) scores than men. No significant association was observed between the diabetic complications and depression, anxiety or stress scores. Conclusion: The present findings revealed that diabetic cases had significantly higher depression, anxiety and stress scores compared to healthy controls. In particular anxiety scores were higher more frequently among diabetic patients in comparison to depression and stress scores.
NOTCH1 mutations in +12 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) confer an unfavorable prognosis, induce a distinctive transcriptional profiling and refine the intermediate prognosis of +12 CLL

Trisomy 12, the third most frequent chromosomal aberration in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), confers an intermediate prognosis. In our cohort of 104 untreated patients carrying +12, NOTCH1 mutations occurred in 24% of cases and were associated to unmutated IGHV genes (P=0.003) and +12 as a sole cytogenetic abnormality (P=0.008). NOTCH1 mutations in +12 CLL associated with an approximately 2.4 fold increase in the risk of death, a significant shortening of survival (P<0.01) and proved to be an independent predictor of survival in multivariate analysis. Analogous to +12 CLL with TP53 disruption or del(11q), NOTCH1 mutations in +12 CLL conferred a significantly worse survival compared to that of +12 CLL with del(13q) or +12 only. The overrepresentation of cell cycle/proliferation related genes of +12 CLL with NOTCH1 mutations suggests the biological contribution of NOTCH1 mutations to determine a poor outcome. NOTCH1 mutations refine the intermediate prognosis of +12 CLL.