Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties of Ni and Ni–Fe nanowires electrochemically deposited into a porous alumina template

The comparative analysis of the electrochemical deposition of Ni and Ni–Fe nanowires (NWs) into ordered porous alumina templates is presented. The method developed allows for obtaining NWs of 50 ± 5 nm in diameter and 25 μm in length, i.e., with an aspect ratio of 500. XRD data demonstrate the polycrystalline nature of Ni and Ni–Fe in a face-centered cubic close-packed lattice. Both fabricated materials, Ni and Ni–Fe, have shown ferromagnetic properties. The specific magnetization value of Ni–Fe NWs in the alumina template is higher than that of the Ni sample and bulk Ni, also the Curie temperature of the Ni–Fe sample (790 K) is higher than that of the Ni sample one or bulk Ni.
moraL concerns are greater For temporaLLy Distant eVents anD are moDerateD by VaLUe strength

he present research examines the impact of temporal distance on moral concerns in situations where selfish motives clash with altruistic considerations. Drawing upon Construal Level Theory (Trope & Liberman, 2003) which posits that abstract, high-level features of events and social values take on more weight with greater temporal distance, we hypothesized that moral concerns should be higher for temporally distant situations. The results from five experiments supported this conjecture. People indicated they would be more likely to choose altruistic over selfish behaviors, reported they would feel more guilty about engaging in selfish behavior, thought acting selfishly would be more immoral, and were more likely to commit to altruistic behavior when thinking about distant versus near future events. Moreover, as predicted, temporal distance primarily enhanced moral concerns among individuals with high moral value strength. Support was also obtained in favor of the assumption that value salience was responsible for the temporal distance effect on moral concerns. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Fluoroquinolone Resistance and Clostridium difficile, Germany

We characterized 670 Clostridium difficile isolates collected from patients in 84 hospitals in Germany in 2008. PCR ribotyping showed high prevalence of ribotype 001 and restricted dissemination of ribotype 027 strains. Fluoroquinolone resistance and associated gyrase mutations were frequent in various ribotypes, but no resistance to metronidazole or vancomycin was noted.
Celebrity worship among university students in Malaysia: a methodological contribution to the Celebrity Attitude Scale

The present study examined conceptual issues surrounding celebrity worship in a Malay-speaking population. In total, 512 Malay and 269 Chinese participants from Malaysia indicated who their favorite celebrity was and completed the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS) as well as a range of demographic items. Results showed that the majority of Malay and Chinese participants selected pop stars and movie stars as their favourite celebrities, mirroring findings in Western settings. In addition, exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor solution of the CAS that was consistent with previous studies conducted in the West. Structural equation modeling further revealed that participant’s age was negatively associated with celebrity worship and that self-rated attractiveness was positively associated with celebrity worship. Overall, the present results suggest that celebrity worship in Malaysia may be driven by market and media forces, and future research may well be guided by use of the CAS.
Cerulein-induced chronic pancreatitis does not require intra-acinar activation of trypsinogen in mice.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Premature activation of trypsinogen activation can cause pancreatic injury and has been associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Mice that lack intra-acinar activation of trypsinogen, such as trypsinogen-7-null (T(-/-)) and cathepsin B-null (CB(-/-)) mice, have been used to study trypsin-independent processes of CP development. We compared histologic features and inflammatory responses of pancreatic tissues from these mice with those from wild-type mice after the development of CP. METHODS CP was induced in wild-type, T(-/-), and CB(-/-) mice by twice-weekly induction of acute pancreatitis for 10 weeks; acute pancreatitis was induced by hourly intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (50 μg/kg × 6). Pancreatic samples were collected and evaluated by histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. Normal human pancreas samples, obtained from the islet transplant program at the University of Minnesota, were used as controls and CP samples were obtained from surgical resections. RESULTS Compared with pancreatic tissues from wild-type mice, those from T(-/-) and CB(-/-) mice had similar levels of atrophy, histomorphologic features of CP, and chronic inflammation. All samples had comparable intra-acinar activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, a transcription factor that regulates the inflammatory response, immediately after injection of cerulein. Pancreatic tissue samples from patients with CP had increased activation of NF-κB (based on nuclear translocation of p65 in acinar cells) compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Induction of CP in mice by cerulein injection does not require intra-acinar activation of trypsinogen. Pancreatic acinar cells of patients with CP have increased levels of NF-κB activation compared with controls; regulation of the inflammatory response by this transcription factor might be involved in the pathogenesis of CP.
Cognitive-metacognitive training within a problem-solving based Logo environment

Background. The present study investigated the effects of metacognitive training implemented within a problem-solving based Logo environment on students' ability to construct graphs and reflect on their learning. Aims. (1) To compare achievement outcomes of students who learned to construct graphs within a problem-solving based Logo environment that was either embedded with or with no metacognitive training; and (2) To examine the differences in students' cognitive-metacognitive behaviours under the different conditions. Samples. Participants were 68 students who studied in four computer classrooms. Methods. Intact classrooms were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: one was exposed to a problem-solving based Logo environment with metacognitive training (N=34) and the other to the same Logo environment with no metacognitive training (N=34). All students were examined at the beginning and at the end of the study on the Graph Construction Examination. In addition, at the end of the study students were interviewed to assess their cognitive-metacognitive behaviours. Furthermore, to examine possible differences (if any exist) between the two conditions prior to the beginning of the study, students were administered the Raven Advanced Matrices Examination, and the Graph Interpretation Test. Results. Although no significant differences were found between groups prior to the beginning of the study on all pretreatment measures, at the end of the study the students who were exposed to the metacognitive treatment tended to construct graphs better than their counterparts who were not exposed to such treatment. The metacognitive group was also better able to reflect on their learning than their counterparts who were not exposed to such training. In addition, structured interviews indicated the positive effects of the metacognitive training on students' information processing, social-cognitive interaction, and error detection. Conclusions. Being exposed to metacognitive training exerts positive effects on students' achievement outcomes and cognitive-metacognitive behaviours.
Shades of Grey: Playing games in the classroom to enhance student learning

This paper reports on a research project that interrogated the effectiveness and impact of the Shades of Grey game on a group of students in an Advanced Management Accounting course. The project tested the students’ understanding of core course concepts before playing the game, and again afterwards. Students’ perceptions of the game were also tested in order to find out whether or not they felt it encouraged them to learn and added benefit to the course.
Changes in Work-Family Connections Among Highly Educated Men and Women

Traditionally, work and family roles have been less compatible for women than for men. Census data are used to describe changes in the work-family connection between 1970 and 1980 for highly educated men and women, aged 30 to 39. The analyses reveal that despite educational and occupational advances for women during the 1970s, gender differences in the connection between work and family experiences remained substantial over the decade. Marriage and parenting continue to be positively associated with work involvement and rewards for men, but are related to persistent employment disadvantages for women. The traditional pattern of men marrying less educated women, which has remained the norm across the 20th century, is offered as one explanation for this enduring gender gap in work-family connections.
The Poverty of Philosophy

Chapter Two: The Metaphysics of Political Economy Part 1: The Method 49 k Part 2: Division of Labour and Machinery 37 k Part 3: Competition and Monopoly 19 k Part 4: Property or Ground Rent 26 k Part 5: Strikes and Combinations of Workers 20 k
Town Planning in Postcolonial India, 1947-1965: Chandigarh Re-Examined1

The objective of this article is to reassess the new town building movement in India from 1947 to 1965 through a re-examination of the making of Chandigarh, to show how nationalism, modernism, and local regional influences affected the design and building of new towns. Chandigarh emerged as part of the post-Partition need for a new capital for the Punjab, and involved the efforts of several people and levels of government. The context of newly achieved nationhood became important in the way it shaped the ideals of both national and local political leaders, who wanted architects to transfer these into built form. How successful the architects were in this enterprise was shaped by their professional ideologies and understanding (or lack of it) of the local. Much scholarship exists on issues such as early decisions about Chandigarh's establishment, the Mayer and Le Corbusier plans for the city, and the buildings comprising the Capitol complex that were designed by Le Corbusier. Much less attention has been given to the residential areas of Chandigarh and all that lay beyond the Capitol complex and constitutes the actual town. How did the ideas of modernism, the requirements of the nationalist state, and concern for the local shape the built environment? Was a Western urban design simply replicated here or were there modifications to suit locality and culture?
Iron Intake and Status of Children Aged 6-36 Months in Europe: A Systematic Review

Background: Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in the world. Young children are particularly vulnerable to the consequences of iron deficiency because of their rapidly developing brain. This review evaluates the prevalence of inadequate iron intake and iron deficiency (anaemia) in European children aged 6-36 months. Summary: Computerized searches for relevant articles were performed in November 2013. A total of 7,297 citations were screened and 44 studies conducted in 19 European countries were included in this review. In both infants (6-12 months) and young children (12-36 months), the mean value of iron intakes in most countries was close to the RDA. Nevertheless, proportions of inadequate intakes were considerable, ranging from about 10% in the Netherlands up to 50% in Austria, Finland and the United Kingdom. The prevalence of iron deficiency varied between studies and was influenced by children's characteristics. Two to 25% of infants aged 6-12 months were found to be iron deficient, with a higher prevalence in those who were socially vulnerable and those who were drinking cow's milk as a main type of drink in their first year of life. In children aged 12-36 months, prevalence rates of iron deficiency varied between 3 and 48%. Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in both age groups was high in Eastern Europe, as high as 50%, whereas the prevalence in Western Europe was generally below 5%. Key Messages: In most European countries, mean iron intakes of infants and children aged 6 to 36 months were found to be close to the RDA. Nevertheless, high proportions of inadequate intakes and high prevalence rates of iron deficiency were observed. Health programs should (keep) focus(ing) on iron malnutrition by educating parents on food choices for their children with iron-rich and iron-fortified foods, and encourage iron supplementation programmes where iron intakes are the lowest.
Versuch macht kluch g

Fehler konnen wichtige Lernprozesse in Gang setzen, wobei entscheidend ist, wie Lernende mit Fehlern umgehen. In der vorliegenden Studie werden auf Individualebene Unterschiede zwischen Lernenden in zwei Aspekten des Umgangs mit Fehlern beschrieben, namlich positive Hinwendung zu eigenen Fehlern (Fehlerlernorientierung, FLO) und angstvolle Vermeidung fehlerhafter Handlungen (Fehlerangst, FA). Auf Klassenebene werden Unterschiede zwischen Lernkontexten durch den schulerperzipierten Umgang der Lehrperson mit Fehlern im Unterricht (Fehlerfreundlichkeit, FF) erfasst. Ergebnisse einer konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse verweisen auf die Unabhangigkeit der Dimensionen FLO, FA und FF. In einer Stichprobe von 421 Primarstufenschuler/inne/n erwiesen sich in Mehrebenenanalysen FLO und FA–auch bei Berucksichtigung der verwandten Konstrukte Lernziel- vs. Leistungszielorientierung–als pradiktiv fur schulische Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen, Lernfreude und Anstrengungsbereitschaft, wohingegen FF wider Erwarten nicht mit .
Adolescents' Relationships with Father, Mother, and Same-Gender Friend

Examined in this study were age differences in autonomy and relatedness in adolescents' relationships with parents as well as the association between adolescents'relationships with mother and with father and with a same-gender friend. The Relationship with Father/Mother Questionnaire (RFMQ) and the Sharabany Intimacy Scale were administered to 205 Israeli adolescents (105 males and 100females)from two age groups: 9th grade (age X = 14.5) and 12th grade (age X = 175). Older adolescents reported more autonomy in their relationships with parents than did younger adolescents, but no age differences were found in closeness and warmth. On the basis of a cluster analysis of the RFMQ, it was found that adolescents who reported an Ideal profile of relationships with their parents and those reporting a Cold and Controlling profile of relationships with them were alike in having higher intimacy with their best fiend compared with other groups of adolescents.
Effect of Laparoscopic-Assisted Resection vs Open Resection of Stage II or III Rectal Cancer on Pathologic Outcomes: The ACOSOG Z6051 Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE Evidence about the efficacy of laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer is incomplete, particularly for patients with more advanced-stage disease. OBJECTIVE To determine whether laparoscopic resection is noninferior to open resection, as determined by gross pathologic and histologic evaluation of the resected proctectomy specimen. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A multicenter, balanced, noninferiority, randomized trial enrolled patients between October 2008 and September 2013. The trial was conducted by credentialed surgeons from 35 institutions in the United States and Canada. A total of 486 patients with clinical stage II or III rectal cancer within 12 cm of the anal verge were randomized after completion of neoadjuvant therapy to laparoscopic or open resection. INTERVENTIONS Standard laparoscopic and open approaches were performed by the credentialed surgeons. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome assessing efficacy was a composite of circumferential radial margin greater than 1 mm, distal margin without tumor, and completeness of total mesorectal excision. A 6% noninferiority margin was chosen according to clinical relevance estimation. RESULTS Two hundred forty patients with laparoscopic resection and 222 with open resection were evaluable for analysis of the 486 enrolled. Successful resection occurred in 81.7% of laparoscopic resection cases (95% CI, 76.8%-86.6%) and 86.9% of open resection cases (95% CI, 82.5%-91.4%) and did not support noninferiority (difference, -5.3%; 1-sided 95% CI, -10.8% to ∞; P for noninferiority = .41). Patients underwent low anterior resection (76.7%) or abdominoperineal resection (23.3%). Conversion to open resection occurred in 11.3% of patients. Operative time was significantly longer for laparoscopic resection (mean, 266.2 vs 220.6 minutes; mean difference, 45.5 minutes; 95% CI, 27.7-63.4; P < .001). Length of stay (7.3 vs 7.0 days; mean difference, 0.3 days; 95% CI, -0.6 to 1.1), readmission within 30 days (3.3% vs 4.1%; difference, -0.7%; 95% CI, -4.2% to 2.7%), and severe complications (22.5% vs 22.1%; difference, 0.4%; 95% CI, -4.2% to 2.7%) did not differ significantly. Quality of the total mesorectal excision specimen in 462 operated and analyzed surgeries was complete (77%) and nearly complete (16.5%) in 93.5% of the cases. Negative circumferential radial margin was observed in 90% of the overall group (87.9% laparoscopic resection and 92.3% open resection; P = .11). Distal margin result was negative in more than 98% of patients irrespective of type of surgery (P = .91). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with stage II or III rectal cancer, the use of laparoscopic resection compared with open resection failed to meet the criterion for noninferiority for pathologic outcomes. Pending clinical oncologic outcomes, the findings do not support the use of laparoscopic resection in these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00726622.
"Nobody Likes a Person Whose Body Is Covered With Mud": Health Hazards Faced by Child Laborers in the Brick Kiln Sector of the Okara District, Pakistan

In this study, the authors investigated the health hazards faced by child labor in the brick kiln sector in the district of Okara, Pakistan. Using both quantitative and qualitative data collected from the parents and child laborers, the authors demonstrated that the children were exposed to various health hazards at their workplace. They also investigated children’s perceived reasons for child labor and their level of awareness about the health hazards. Some recommendations are presented to protect the children from risky and hazardous situations.
MADRID ! Track : Social Networks and Web 2 . 0 / Session : Diffusion and Search in Social Networks 721

Online social networking sites like MySpace, Facebook, and Flickr have become a popular way to share and disseminate content. Their massive popularity has led to viral marketing techniques that attempt to spread content, products, and ideas on these sites. However, there is little data publicly available on viral propagation in the real world and few studies have characterized how information spreads over current online social networks. In this paper, we collect and analyze large-scale traces of information dissemination in the Flickr social network. Our analysis, based on crawls of the favorite markings of 2.5 million users on 11 million photos, aims at answering three key questions: (a) how widely does information propagate in the social network? (b) how quickly does information propagate? and (c) what is the role of word-of-mouth exchanges between friends in the overall propagation of information in the network? Contrary to viral marketing “intuition,” we find that (a) even popular photos do not spread widely throughout the network, (b) even popular photos spread slowly through the network, and (c) information exchanged between friends is likely to account for over 50% of all favoritemarkings, but with a significant delay at each hop.
Protein Interaction Networks by Proteome Peptide Scanning

A substantial proportion of protein interactions relies on small domains binding to short peptides in the partner proteins. Many of these interactions are relatively low affinity and transient, and they impact on signal transduction. However, neither the number of potential interactions mediated by each domain nor the degree of promiscuity at a whole proteome level has been investigated. We have used a combination of phage display and SPOT synthesis to discover all the peptides in the yeast proteome that have the potential to bind to eight SH3 domains. We first identified the peptides that match a relaxed consensus, as deduced from peptides selected by phage display experiments. Next, we synthesized all the matching peptides at high density on a cellulose membrane, and we probed them directly with the SH3 domains. The domains that we have studied were grouped by this approach into five classes with partially overlapping specificity. Within the classes, however, the domains display a high promiscuity and bind to a large number of common targets with comparable affinity. We estimate that the yeast proteome contains as few as six peptides that bind to the Abp1 SH3 domain with a dissociation constant lower than 100 μM, while it contains as many as 50–80 peptides with corresponding affinity for the SH3 domain of Yfr024c. All the targets of the Abp1 SH3 domain, identified by this approach, bind to the native protein in vivo, as shown by coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Finally, we demonstrate that this strategy can be extended to the analysis of the entire human proteome. We have developed an approach, named WISE (whole interactome scanning experiment), that permits rapid and reliable identification of the partners of any peptide recognition module by peptide scanning of a proteome. Since the SPOT synthesis approach is semiquantitative and provides an approximation of the dissociation constants of the several thousands of interactions that are simultaneously analyzed in an array format, the likelihood of each interaction occurring in any given physiological settings can be evaluated. WISE can be easily extended to a variety of protein interaction domains, including those binding to modified peptides, thereby offering a powerful proteomic tool to help completing a full description of the cell interactome.
Mastering Academic Language

Beyond mechanics and spelling conventions, academic writing requires progressive mastery of advanced language forms and functions. Pedagogically useful tools to assess such language features in adolescents’ writing, however, are not yet available. This study examines language predictors of writing quality in 51 persuasive essays produced by high school students attending a linguistically and ethnically diverse inner-city school in the Northeastern United States. Essays were scored for writing quality by a group of teachers, transcribed and analyzed to generate automated lexical and grammatical measures, and coded for discourse-level elements by researchers who were blind to essays’ writing quality scores. Regression analyses revealed that beyond the contribution of length and lexico-grammatical intricacy, the frequency of organizational markers and one particular type of epistemic stance marker (i.e., epistemic hedges) significantly predicted persuasive essays’ writing quality. Findings shed light on discourse elements relevant for the design of pedagogically informative assessment tools.