Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Biologi Peserta Didik Kelas XII IPA SMA Negeri di Kota Palopo

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitiansurvey yang bertujuan untuk mengetahuitopik biologi yang sulit bagi peserta didik dan berdasarkan persepsi guru biologi SMA Negeri di Kota Palopo, jenis kesulitan belajar biologi yang dialami oleh peserta didik serta cara mengatasi kesulitan belajar biologi peserta didik SMA Negeri di Kota Palopo.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semua Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Negeri yang ada di Kota Palopopada bulan Agustus 2016 sampai Juni 2017 tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari seluruh peserta didik kelas XII IPA SMA Negeri di Kota Palopo dan semua guru biologi SMA Negeri di Kota Palopo. Sampel peserta didik dipilih menggunakan teknik random sebanyak 192 orang dan guru biologi merupakan sampel jenuh sebanyak 23 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan teknik kuesioner menggunakan instrumen berupa angket.Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa topik biologi yang sulit bagi peserta didik SMA Negeri di Kota Palopo adalah hereditas, sistem koordinasi, sistem sirkulasi, substansi genetika, mitosis dan meiosis. Sementara topik biologi yang sulit bagi peserta didik berdasarkan persepsi gurubiologi SMA Negeri di Kota Palopo adalah metabolisme. Jenis kesulitan belajar biologi yang dialami oleh peserta didik meliputi 1) Karakteristik topik; 2) Gaya mengajar guru biologi kurang kreatif; 3) Kebiasaan belajar peserta didik yang tidak disiplin; 4) Perasaan dan sikap negatif peserta didik terhadap topik; 5) kekurangan sumber daya dan waktu; 6) Kondisi ekonomi, psikologi dan kondisi fisik peserta didik yang tidak mendukung; 7) Penilaian negatif peserta didik terhadap guru. Cara mengatasi kesulitan belajar biologi menurut peserta didik meliputi 1) Guru sebaiknya membuat pembelajaran menjadi menarik; 2) Pemerintah dan guru sebaiknya memperhatikan kembali isi kurikulum karena materi biologi terlalu banyak dan padat; 3)Guru sebaiknya mengajarkan biologi melalui kegiatan praktikum; 4) Peserta didikharus memiliki kesiapan dan kebiasaan belajar yang disiplin; 5) Guru sebaiknya mengajarkan biologi melalui cara menghubungkan topik dengan kehidupan sehari-hari; 6)Sekolah menyediakan fasilitas terutama menyediakan fasilitas pembelajaran seperti LCD, alat-alat praktikum dan lain-lain; 7)Kemampuan mengajar guru dan keterampilan mengelola kelas harus lebih ditingkatkan; 8)Kebijakan di sekolah seharusnya lebih memperhatikan kepentingan dan kebutuhan peserta didik. Kata Kunci: kesulitan belajar biologi, peserta didik
An Algorithmic Definition of the Axial Map

The fewest-line axial map, often simply referred to as the ‘axial map’, is one of the primary tools of space syntax. Its natural language definition has allowed researchers to draw consistent maps that present a concise description of architectural space; it has been established that graph measures obtained from the map are useful for the analysis of pedestrian movement patterns and activities related to such movement: for example, the location of services or of crime. However, the definition has proved difficult to translate into formal language by mathematicians and algorithmic implementers alike. This has meant that space syntax has been criticised for a lack of rigour in the definition of one of its fundamental representations. Here we clarify the original definition of the fewest-line axial map and show that it can be implemented algorithmically. We show that the original definition leads to maps similar to those currently drawn by hand, and we demonstrate that the differences between the two may be accounted for in terms of the detail of the algorithm used. We propose that the analytical power of the axial map in empirical studies derives from the efficient representation of key properties of the spatial configuration that it captures.
The randomized z-buffer algorithm: interactive rendering of highly complex scenes

We present a new output-sensitive rendering algorithm, the randomized z-buffer algorithm. It renders an image of an arbitrary three-dimensional scene consisting of triangular primitives by reconstruction from a dynamically chosen set of random surface sample points. This approach is independent of mesh connectivity and topology. The resulting rendering time grows only logarithmically with the numbers of triangles in the scene. We were able to render walkthroughs of scenes of up to 1014 triangles at interactive frame rates. Automatic identification of low detail scene components ensures that the rendering speed of the randomized z-buffer cannot drop below that of conventional z-buffer rendering. Experimental and analytical evidence is given that the image quality is comparable to that of common approaches like z-buffer rendering. The precomputed data structures employed by the randomized z-buffer allow for interactive dynamic updates of the scene. Their memory requirements grow only linearly with the number of triangles and allow for a scene graph based instantiation scheme to further reduce memory consumption.
Fiscal Opacity and Sovereign Credit Spreads

This study addresses the counterintuitive result produced by the Duffie and Lando (2001) incomplete information model by remodelling its asset density function with added positive bias. We call this new model biased information model. The theory is then applied to study the effect of fiscal opacity on the levels and term structure of sovereign credit spreads. We make use of new panel datasets sourced from Open Budget Survey and IMF World Economic Outlook Database. Using panel data tests, we show that higher fiscal opacity leads to higher credit spreads, and that this relationship is nonlinear. Moreover, we show that fiscal opacity premium exists across the whole credit spread curve. These results have implications for policy setting in economies that are emerging from the debt crisis, since investors demand higher premium when there is high fiscal opacity.
A Stabilization Device That Promotes the Efficiency of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation during Ambulance Transportation to the Level as under Non-Moving Conditions

Background The survival rate of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is low, and measures to improve the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during ambulance transportation are desirable. We designed a stabilization device, and in a randomized crossover trial we found performing CPR in a moving ambulance with the device (MD) could achieve better efficiency than that without the device (MND), but the efficiency was lower than that in a non-moving ambulance (NM). Purpose To evaluate whether a modified version of the stabilization device, can promote further the quality of CPR during ambulance transportation. Methods Participants of the previous study were recruited, and they performed CPR for 10 minutes in a moving ambulance with the modified version of the stabilization device (MVSD). The primary outcomes were effective chest compressions and no-flow fraction recorded by a skill-reporter manikin. The secondary outcomes included back pain, physiological parameters, and the participants' rating about the device after performing CPR. Results The overall effective compressions in 10 minutes were 86.4±17.5% for NM, 60.9±14.6% for MND, 69.7±22.4% for MD, and 86.6%±13.2% for MVSD (p<0.001). Whereas changes in back pain severity and physiology parameters were similar under all conditions, MVSD had the lowest no-flow fraction. Differences in effective compressions and the no-flow fraction between MVSD and NM did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions The use of the modified device can improve quality of CPR in a moving ambulance to a level similar to that in a non-moving condition without increasing the severity of back pain.
The universality of the stellar initial mass function

We propose that the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is universal in the sense that its functional form arises as a consequence of the statistics of random supersonic flows. A model is developed for the origin of the stellar IMF, that contains a dependence on the average physical parameters (temperature, density, velocity dispersion) of the large scale site of star formation. The model is based on recent numerical experiments of highly supersonic random flows that have a strong observational counterpart. It is shown that a Miller-Scalo like IMF is naturally produced by the model for the typical physical conditions in molecular clouds. A more ``massive'' IMF in star bursts is also predicted.
Learners’ engagement online in peer help

ABSTRACT Much is known about help seeking in face-to-face classrooms, but there is a limited understanding about how learners seek and provide help online. This study implemented a peer-help forum in an online technology course, and investigated students’ engagement in the forum, their perceptions, and the relationship between peer help and course performance. The findings suggested that students actively engaged in the peer help beyond the course requirements. Emerging themes are presented regarding the students’ online help-seeking and help-giving behaviors and their perceptions. In addition, help seeking was not significantly related to performance, but a significant interaction effect suggested that help seeking benefited the performance of a subgroup of the students – those who provided less help.
Affective and perceptual responses during reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT)

We have previously demonstrated that reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) is a genuinely time-efficient exercise strategy for improving cardiometabolic health. Here, we examined the affective and perceptual responses to REHIT. Eight young men and women (age 21 ± 1 y, BMI 24.9 ± 2.1 m/kg2, V̇O2max 39 ± 10 ml/kg/min) and 11 men with type 2 diabetes (T2D; age 52 ± 6 y, BMI 29.7 ± 3.1 m/kg2, V̇O2max 29 ± 5 ml/kg/min) took part in three-arm crossover trials with RPE and affective valence measured during, and enjoyment and exercise preferences measured following either: 1) REHIT (2 × 20-s sprints in a 10-min exercise session), 2) HIIT (10 × 1-min efforts) and 3) 30 min MICT. Furthermore, 19 young men and women (age 25 ± 6 y, BMI 24 ± 4 m/kg2, V̇O2max 34 ± 8 ml/kg/min) completed a 6-week REHIT intervention with affective valence during an acute REHIT session measured before and after training. Affect decreases (briefly) during REHIT, but recovers rapidly, and the decline is not significantly different when compared to MICT or HIIT in either healthy participants or T2D patients. Young sedentary participants reported similar levels of enjoyment for REHIT, MICT and HIIT, but 7 out of 8 had a preference for REHIT. Conversely, T2D patients tended to report lower levels of enjoyment with REHIT compared with MICT. The decrease in affective valence observed during an acute REHIT session was significantly attenuated following training. We conclude that affective and perceptual responses to REHIT are no more negative compared to those associated with MICT or HIIT, refuting claims that supramaximal sprint interval training protocols are associated with inherent negative responses.
Ca II K observations of QSOs in the line-of-sight to the Magellanic Bridge

We describe medium-resolution spectroscopic observations taken with the ESO Multi-Mode Instrument (EMMI) in the Call K line (λ air = 3933.661 A) towards 7 QSOs located in the line-of-sight to the Magellanic Bridge. At a spectral resolution R = λ/Δλ = 6000, five of the sightlines have a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of ∼20 or higher. Definite Ca absorption due to Bridge material is detected towards 3 objects, with probable detection towards two other sightlines. Gas-phase CaII K Bridge and Milky Way abundances or lower limits for the all sightlines are estimated by the use of Parkes 21-cm HI emission line data. These data only have a spatial resolution of 14 arcmin compared with the optical observations which have milli-arcsecond resolution. With this caveat, for the three objects with sound CaII K detections, we find that the ionic abundance of Call K relative to Hi, A = log(N(CaK)/N(HI)) for low-velocity Galactic gas ranges from -8.3 to -8.8 dex, with Hi column densities varying from 3-6 × 10 20 cm -2 . For Magellanic Bridge gas, the values of A are ∼0.5 dex higher, ranging from ∼-7.8 to -8.2 dex, with N(HI) = 1-5 x 10 20 cm -2 . Higher values of A correspond to lower values of N(HI), although numbers are small. For the sightline towards B0251-675, the Bridge gas has two different velocities, and in only one of these is Call tentatively detected, perhaps indicating gas of a different origin or present-day characteristics (such as dust content), although this conclusion is uncertain and there is the possibility that one of the components could be related to the Magellanic Stream. Higher signal-to-noise Call K data and higher resolution Hi data are required to determine whether A changes with N(H I) over the Bridge and if the implied difference in the metalicity of the two Bridge components towards B0251-675 is real.
What influences most on anchoring willingness to pay? Consumer self-confidence and hedonic-utilitarian consumption as underlying factors for price-anchoring susceptibility

Prior research on anchoring indicates that arbitrary values can influence human judgment and decision-making. However, the findings differ regarding the magnitude of this effect, implying that in some circumstances the anchoring phenomena may not occur at all. The present research suggests that this behavior is not universal and attempts to identify how consumer self-confidence (CSC), a personal trait, and product category (hedonic vs. utilitarian) may affect consumers? susceptibility to anchoring effect on participants? willingness to pay. Although the moderation relationship could not be proved, it was statistically demonstrated that the kind of consumption (utilitarian/hedonic) accounts for 25% of the variability of consumer? s willingness-to-pay. Overall, this research contributes to the literature on Consumer Behavior, by shedding light on personal traits and product features that can shape anchoring response.
Creative students: what can we learn from them for teaching computer science?

Supporting creativity is a learning objective in general school education. In computer science the creation of products plays an important role. We want to find out the impact of creative action in computer science education classes on task motivation and understanding of computer science concepts. Underlying elements and environments of the creative process are analyzed by interviewing creative students. First results indicate creativity as an important factor for motivation. Furthermore the use of a concept we call "building blocks" helps to achieve creative products.
Balance Laws with Integrable Unbounded Sources

We consider the Cauchy problem for an n × n strictly hyperbolic system of balance laws ut + f (u)x = g(x, u), x ∈ R, t> 0, � g(x, ·)� C2 ≤ ˜ M(x) ∈ L 1 , endowed with the initial data u(0 ,. )= uo ∈ L1 ∩ BV(R;Rn). Each characteristic field is assumed to be genuinely nonlinear or linearly degenerate and nonresonant with the source, i.e., |λi(u) |≥ c> 0 for all i ∈{ 1 ,. ,n } . A s- suming that the L 1 norms ofg(x, ·)� C1 anduoBV(R) are small enough, we prove the existence and uniqueness of global entropy solutions of bounded total variation extending the result in (D. Amadori, L. Gosse, and G. Guerra, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 162 (2002), pp. 327-366) to unbounded (in L ∞ ) sources. Furthermore, we apply this result to the fluid flow in a pipe with discontinuous cross sectional area, showing existence and uniqueness of the underlying semigroup.
On the Minimization of Longest Path Length for Decision Diagrams

In this paper, we consider the minimization of the longest path length (LPL) for binary decision diagrams (BDDs) and heterogeneous multi-valued decision diagrams (MDDs). Experimental results show that: (1) For many logic functions, node minimization of BDDs also minimizes the LPLs of BDDs. (2) When we use heterogeneous MDDs for representing logic functions and minimize the memory sizes of heterogeneous MDDs, we can reduce both memory sizes and LPLs to 86% and 72% of corresponding BDDs, respectively. On the other hand, when the memory limitations are set to the memory sizes of BDDs, the LPLs can be reduced to 54% of BDDs.
Association of individual psychopathology with family functioning in a Greek nonclinical sample

ABSTRACT Family functioning is influenced by different factors like social context, qualitative characteristics, and an individual’s medical or psychiatric condition. We examine the effects of sociodemographic factors and individual psychopathology on family functioning in a non-clinical sample. Cross- sectional study. Data were collected: age, gender, occupation, education, and description of the family, history and/ or presence of mental or physical illnesses, Family Assessment Device and Symptom Checklist-90-R. A healthy sample of 137 families with a total of 407 individuals was analysed. Multilevel analysis showed that individual psychopathology was the only significant factor for family dysfunction. Thus, there is a strong association between family dysfunction and psychopathology of a member.
Mitigating supply chain risk through improved confidence

Today's marketplace is characterised by turbulence and uncertainty. Market turbulence has tended to increase for a number of reasons. Demand in almost every industrial sector seems to be more volatile than was the case in the past. Product and technology life‐cycles have shortened significantly and competitive product introductions make life‐cycle demand difficult to predict. At the same time the vulnerability of supply chains to disturbance or disruption has increased. It is not only the effect of external events such as wars, strikes or terrorist attacks, but also the impact of changes in business strategy. Many companies have experienced a change in their supply chain risk profile as a result of changes in their business models, for example the adoption of “lean” practices, the move to outsourcing and a general tendency to reduce the size of the supplier base. This paper suggests that one key element in any strategy designed to mitigate supply chain risk is improved “end‐to‐end” visibility. It is argued that supply chain “confidence” will increase in proportion to the quality of supply chain information.
Composite Programs: Hierarchical Construction, Circularity, and Deadlocks

A graph-oriented, nonprocedural development environment in which composite programs are constructed by coupling a collection of existing component programs, the interfaces of which are defined by a fixed number of input ports and output ports, is discussed. It is shown that when the coupling graph is cyclic there is the possibility of a deadlock. A system that permits hierarchical construction of programs while testing, using a simple algebraic procedure, the resulting composite programs for communication deadlocks is presented. A decomposition-based approach to cycle enumeration is described. A formal graph-theoretic model of communication behavior for a class of atomic programs is presented. The model is then used to derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a deadlock to arise in a cycle. Techniques for dealing with deadly cycles (once identified) and improving the efficiency of their execution, once the cycles have been resolved, are described. >
Sensitivity and Uncertainty in Flood Inundation Modelling – Concept of an Analysis Framework

After the extreme flood event of the Elbe in 2002 the definition of flood risk areas by law and their simulation became more important in Germany. This paper describes a concept of an analysis framework to improve the localisation and duration of validity of flood inundation maps. The two-dimensional finite difference model TrimR2D is used and linked to a Monte-Carlo routine for parameter sampling as well as to selected performance measures. The purpose is the investigation of the impact of different spatial resolutions and the influence of changing land uses in the simulation of flood inundation areas. The technical assembling of the framework is realised and beside the model calibration, first tests with different parameter ranges were done. Preliminary results show good correlations with observed data, but the investigation of shifting land uses reflects only poor changes in the flood extension.
The Membrane Potential of Acetabularia mediterranea

The cytoplasm of an Acetabularia cell is normally at a potential of about -170 mv relative to the external solution; the vacuole is also at this potential. Although there is strict flux equilibrium for all ions, the potential is more negative than the Nernst potentials of any of the permeating ions. Darkness, CCCP, low temperature, and reducing [Cl-]o by a factor of 25 all rapidly depolarize the membrane and inhibit Cl- influx. Some of these treatments do not inhibit the effluxes of K+ and Na+. Increasing [K+]o also depolarizes the membrane both under normal conditions and at low temperature; in the latter case the membrane is partially depolarized in normal seawater (low [K+]o) and in high [K+]o positive potentials of up to +15 mv are attained. It is concluded that the membrane potential is controlled by the electrogenic influx of Cl-, and also, at least in some circumstances, by the diffusion of K+. In addition, it is suggested that electrogenic efflux of H+ may be important in transient nonequilibrium situations. An Appendix deals with the interpretation of simple nonsteady-state tracer kinetic data.
Matching User Photos to Online Products with Robust Deep Features

This paper focuses on a practically very important problem of matching a real-world product photo to exactly the same item(s) in online shopping sites. The task is extremely challenging because the user photos (i.e., the queries in this scenario) are often captured in uncontrolled environments, while the product images in online shops are mostly taken by professionals with clean backgrounds and perfect lighting conditions. To tackle the problem, we study deep network architectures and training schemes, with the goal of learning a robust deep feature representation that is able to bridge the domain gap between the user photos and the online product images. Our contributions are two-fold. First, we propose an alternative of the popular contrastive loss used in siamese deep networks, namely robust contrastive loss, where we "relax" the penalty on positive pairs to alleviate over-fitting. Second, a multi-task fine-tuning approach is introduced to learn a better feature representation, which not only incorporates knowledge from the provided training photo pairs, but also explores additional information from the large ImageNet dataset to regularize the fine-tuning procedure. Experiments on two challenging real-world datasets demonstrate that both the robust contrastive loss and the multi-task fine-tuning approach are effective, leading to very promising results with a time cost suitable for real-time retrieval.