Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond the singularity of the 2-D charged black hole

Two dimensional charged black holes in string theory can be obtained as exact (SL(2,) × U(1)) / U(1) quotient CFTs. The geometry of the quotient is induced from that of the group, and in particular includes regions beyond the black hole singularities. Moreover, wavefunctions in such black holes are obtained from gauge invariant vertex operators in the SL(2,) CFT, hence their behavior beyond the singularity is determined. When the black hole is charged we find that the wavefunctions are smooth at the singularities, and known results of infinite blue shifts at the horizons persist. Unlike the uncharged case, scattering waves prepared beyond the singularity are not fully reflected; part of the wave is transmitted through the singularity. Hence, the physics outside the horizon of a charged black hole is sensitive to conditions set behind the past singularity.
The role of Cdc6 in ensuring complete genome licensing and S phase checkpoint activation

Before S phase, cells license replication origins for initiation by loading them with Mcm2-7 heterohexamers. This process is dependent on Cdc6, which is recruited to unlicensed origins. Using Xenopus egg extracts we show that although each origin can load many Mcm2-7 hexamers, the affinity of Cdc6 for each origins drops once it has been licensed by loading the first hexamers. This encourages the distribution of at least one Mcm2-7 hexamer to each origin, and thereby helps to ensure that all origins are licensed. Although Cdc6 is not essential for DNA replication once licensing is complete, Cdc6 regains a high affinity for origins once replication forks are initiated and Mcm2-7 has been displaced from the origin DNA. We show that the presence of Cdc6 during S phase is essential for the checkpoint kinase Chk1 to become activated in response to replication inhibition. These results show that Cdc6 plays multiple roles in ensuring precise chromosome duplication.
A Block Coordinate Descent Method for Regularized Multiconvex Optimization with Applications to Nonnegative Tensor Factorization and Completion

This paper considers regularized block multiconvex optimization, where the feasible set and objective function are generally nonconvex but convex in each block of variables. It also accepts nonconvex blocks and requires these blocks to be updated by proximal minimization. We review some interesting applications and propose a generalized block coordinate descent method. Under certain conditions, we show that any limit point satisfies the Nash equilibrium conditions. Furthermore, we establish global convergence and estimate the asymptotic convergence rate of the method by assuming a property based on the Kurdyka--Łojasiewicz inequality. The proposed algorithms are tested on nonnegative matrix and tensor factorization, as well as matrix and tensor recovery from incomplete observations. The tests include synthetic data and hyperspectral data, as well as image sets from the CBCL and ORL databases. Compared to the existing state-of-the-art algorithms, the proposed algorithms demonstrate superior performance in .
Bioprinting of gelatin-based materials for orthopedic application

Bio-printed hydrogels have evolved as one of the best regenerative medicine and tissue engineering platforms due to their outstanding cell-friendly microenvironment. A correct hydrogel ink formulation is critical for creating desired scaffolds that have better fidelity after printing. Gelatin and its derivatives have sparked intense interest in various biomedical sectors because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of functionalization, and rapid gelling tendency. As a result, this report emphasizes the relevance of gelatin-based hydrogel in fabricating bio-printed scaffolds for orthopedic applications. Starting with what hydrogels and bio-printing are all about. We further summarized the different gelatin-based bio-printing techniques explored for orthopedic applications, including a few recent studies. We also discussed the suitability of gelatin as a biopolymer for both 3D and 4D printing materials. As extrusion is one of the most widely used techniques for bio-printing gelatin-based, we summarize the rheological features of gelatin-based bio-ink. Lastly, we also elaborate on the recent bio-printed gelatin-based studies for orthopedics applications, the potential clinical translation issues, and research possibilities.
Empowerment of the Poor in Non-Cash Food Assistance Program in Tanjung Pinang City, Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to determine how the empowerment of the poor in the non-cash food assistance program and the factors that can hinder the empowerment and efforts to overcome the obstacles. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection and information in this study was done using interview techniques, observation, and documentation. The data that has been collected is analyzed using data reduction techniques, data presentation, and decision making/verification. Based on the results of the research that has been done by the researcher, the conclusion obtained is empowerment through the approach of basic needs, namely non-cash food assistance in its implementation successfully meets three aspects in maintaining household strength, namely: a) social aspects, b) political aspects, and c) psychological aspects. With the fulfillment of the indicators of these three aspects, the community, in this case, the family of beneficiaries, can be said to be empowered through the Non-Cash Food Assistance program.
Evaluation of a critical appraisal program for clinical nurses: a controlled before-and-after study.

BACKGROUND Evidence-based practice is important to.clinical health care professionals. Clinical nurses can make informed decisions by applying the best evidence to their care. However, standardized curricula on evidence-based medicine are lacking in nursing education programs. This study evaluated a critical appraisal education program and assessed its value in increasing nurses' knowledge of critical appraisal and confidence in their critical appraisal skills. METHODS A controlled before-and-after study design was used. The education program integrated lectures,practice, and group discussion. A questionnaire was used to evaluate participants' knowledge and confidence in critical appraisal pre- and postintervention. RESULTS Participants' knowledge and confidence in critical appraisal improved significantly postintervention(both p < .001 ). CONCLUSION A 1-day, small group discussion education program can effectively improve nurses' knowledge and confidence in critical appraisal. Educators and administrators may replicate this education program to improve the quality of nursing care
Outage Probability for Dual-Hop Relaying Systems With Multiple Interferers Over Rayleigh Fading Channels

In this paper, we analyze the dual-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying systems with multiple interferers over Rayleigh fading channels. We derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability of the dual-hop AF and DF relaying systems with multiple interferers, which have arbitrary transmit power. Numerical results verify the validity of our theoretical analysis by comparison with Monte Carlo simulations and compare the outage probabilities of the dual-hop AF and DF relaying systems with multiple interferers.
Recognition of Depressive Symptoms by Physicians

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the recognition of depressive symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) by general practitioners. INTRODUCTION: MDD is underdiagnosed in medical settings, possibly because of difficulties in the recognition of specific depressive symptoms. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 316 outpatients at their first visit to a teaching general hospital. We evaluated the performance of 19 general practitioners using Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) to detect depressive symptoms and compared them to 11 psychiatrists using Structured Clinical Interview Axis I Disorders, Patient Version (SCID I/P). We measured likelihood ratios, sensitivity, specificity, and false positive and false negative frequencies. RESULTS: The lowest positive likelihood ratios were for psychomotor agitation/retardation (1.6) and fatigue (1.7), mostly because of a high rate of false positive results. The highest positive likelihood ratio was found for thoughts of suicide (8.5). The lowest sensitivity, 61.8%, was found for impaired concentration. The sensitivity for worthlessness or guilt in patients with medical illness was 67.2% (95% CI, 57.4–76.9%), which is significantly lower than that found in patients without medical illness, 91.3% (95% CI, 83.2–99.4%). DISCUSSION: Less adequately identified depressive symptoms were both psychological and somatic in nature. The presence of a medical illness may decrease the sensitivity of recognizing specific depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Programs for training physicians in the use of diagnostic tools should consider their performance in recognizing specific depressive symptoms. Such procedures could allow for the development of specific training to aid in the detection of the most misrecognized depressive symptoms.
THE CODING OF ROENTGEN IMAGES FOR COMPUTER ANALYSIS AS APPLIED TO LUNG CANCER.

This paper will describe a concept of converting the visual images on roentgenograms into numerical sequences that can be manipulated and evaluated by the digital computer and will report the results of employing this system to determine the significance of certain radiographic findings in lung cancer. The development of such a coding system for conveying radiographic information into an electronic data-processing system makes possible exploration of the use of the digital computer as an aid in radiologic diagnosis. The built-in capacity to retain vast numbers of facts, to accept instruction from the physician to compare new facts with its stored information, to report the result of such comparison in the form of statistical probability, and to carry out these functions with great speed and accuracy makes the usefulness of the computer most obvious. The system of communication reported here, which permits high-speed systematic evaluation of radiological data, is a logical approach to the control of a segm.
Auditory Evoked Bursts in Mouse Visual Cortex during Isoflurane Anesthesia

General anesthesia is not a uniform state of the brain. Ongoing activity differs between light and deep anesthesia and cortical response properties are modulated in dependence of anesthetic dosage. We investigated how anesthesia level affects cross-modal interactions in primary sensory cortex. To examine this, we continuously measured the effects of visual and auditory stimulation during increasing and decreasing isoflurane level in the mouse visual cortex and the subiculum (from baseline at 0.7 to 2.5 vol % and reverse). Auditory evoked burst activity occurred in visual cortex after a transition during increase of anesthesia level. At the same time, auditory and visual evoked bursts occurred in the subiculum, even though the subiculum was unresponsive to both stimuli previous to the transition. This altered sensory excitability was linked to the presence of burst suppression activity in cortex, and to a regular slow burst suppression rhythm (∼0.2 Hz) in the subiculum. The effect disappeared during return to light anesthesia. The results show that pseudo-heteromodal sensory burst responses can appear in brain structures as an effect of an anesthesia induced state change.
Evaluation of a New Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Human Papillomavirus Infections in a Referral Population

Objectives Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is an important part of cervical cancer screening and management of women with atypical screening results. This study was conducted to evaluate the analytical and clinical performance of the Abbott RealTime High-Risk HPV assay (RealTime) in a referral population, in comparison to the Qiagen Hybrid Capture 2 High-Risk HPV DNA Test (hc2). Methods RealTime is a new polymerase chain reaction assay that detects 14 high-risk HPV genotypes with simultaneous differentiation between HPV 16 and HPV 18. Five hundred forty-five routine cervical smear samples (ThinPrep) from women who were referred to 2 German colposcopy clinics were included in the study. All samples were tested with both assays for the detection of high-risk HPV DNA. Specimens with repeatedly discordant results were genotyped by Linear Array (Roche) and in-house polymerase chain reaction assays. Results Both assays showed excellent overall agreement (92.8%; κ = 0.86) on 545 samples. Analytical sensitivity of RealTime was comparable to that of hc2 (97.6% vs 95.1%, P = 0.189), whereas RealTime demonstrated significantly higher analytical specificity compared with hc2 (100% vs 93.1%, P < 0.0001). RealTime showed no cross-reactivity with untargeted HPV genotypes in this study. The clinical performance of the assays was evaluated based on histology results available from 319 women (90 nonpathological, 73 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] 1, 75 CIN 2, 74 CIN 3, and 7 invasive cancers). High-risk HPV detection rates observed in women with CIN 1, CIN 2+, and CIN 3+ diagnosis, respectively, were comparable for both assays: 47.9%, 92.3%, and 97.5% (RealTime) and 47.9%, 92.3%, and 93.8% (hc2). Detection of HPV 16/18 with RealTime was highly correlated with severity of dysplasia: less than CIN 2, 30.5%; CIN 2+, 59.0%; CIN 3+, 71.6%. Conclusions These results support the use of RealTime for routine detection of HPV infections in a referral population.
Nationwide reduction in the number of corneal transplantations for keratoconus following the implementation of cross‐linking

Keratoconus is characterized by corneal ectasia and irregular astigmatism, which can lead to diminished vision and corneal scarring. Approximately 10–20% of patients with keratoconus eventually require a corneal transplant. Corneal cross‐linking (CXL) is a relatively new treatment that may help prevent the need for corneal transplantation. Here, we investigated whether the introduction of CXL has reduced the number of corneal transplants performed annually.
Integration of the Transcriptome and Glycome for Identification of Glycan Cell Signatures

Abnormalities in glycan biosynthesis have been conclusively linked to many diseases but the complexity of glycosylation has hindered the analysis of glycan data in order to identify glycoforms contributing to disease. To overcome this limitation, we developed a quantitative N-glycosylation model that interprets and integrates mass spectral and transcriptomic data by incorporating key glycosylation enzyme activities. Using the cancer progression model of androgen-dependent to androgen-independent Lymph Node Carcinoma of the Prostate (LNCaP) cells, the N-glycosylation model identified and quantified glycan structural details not typically derived from single-stage mass spectral or gene expression data. Differences between the cell types uncovered include increases in H(II) and Ley epitopes, corresponding to greater activity of α2-Fuc-transferase (FUT1) in the androgen-independent cells. The model further elucidated limitations in the two analytical platforms including a defect in the microarray for detecting the GnTV (MGAT5) enzyme. Our results demonstrate the potential of systems glycobiology tools for elucidating key glycan biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. The integration of multiple data sets represents an important application of systems biology for understanding complex cellular processes.
The Effect of Low pH on Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2)-Mediated Transport of Methotrexate, 7-Hydroxymethotrexate, Methotrexate Diglutamate, Folic Acid, Mitoxantrone, Topotecan, and Resveratrol in In Vitro Drug Transport Models

Some cellular uptake systems for (anti)folates function optimally at acidic pH. We have tested whether this also applies to efflux from cells by breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP; ABCG2), which has been reported to transport folic acid, methotrexate, and methotrexate di- and triglutamate at physiological pH. Using Spodoptera frugiperda-BCRP membrane vesicles, we showed that the ATP-dependent vesicular transport of 1 μM methotrexate by BCRP is 5-fold higher at pH 5.5 than at physiological pH. The transport of methotrexate was saturable at pH 5.5, with apparent Km and Vmax values of 1.3 ± 0.2 mM and 44 ± 2.5 nmol/mg of protein/min, respectively, but was linear with drug concentration at pH 7.3 up to 6 mM methotrexate. In contrast to recent reports, we did not detect transport of methotrexate diglutamate at physiological pH, but we did find transport at pH 5.5. We also found that 7-hydroxy-methotrexate, the major metabolite of methotrexate, is transported by BCRP both at physiological pH and (more efficiently) at low pH. The pH effect was also observed in intact BCRP-overexpressing cells: we found a 3-fold higher level of resistance to both methotrexate and the prototypical BCRP substrate mitoxantrone at pH 6.5 as at physiological pH. Furthermore, with MDCKII-BCRP monolayers, we found that resveratrol, which is a neutral compound at pH ≤ 7.4, is efficiently transported by BCRP at pH 6.0, whereas we did not detect active transport at pH 7.4. We conclude that BCRP transports substrate drugs more efficiently at low pH, independent of the dissociation status of the substrate.
SALINE WATER APPLICATION AT VARIOUS GROWTH STAGES OF WHEAT: EFFECT ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS

Fresh water scarcity compels farmers to utilize saline water for the cultivation of crops in arid and semi-arid parts of the world. The use of saline water, however, requires efficient and comprehensive irrigation management to protect sustainable crop production and the environment. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of saline irrigation water on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Sarsabz) that has been irrigated at various growth stages. Tap water (EC 0.6 dS m-1) and synthetic saline waters having different EC (2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 dS m-1) levels were prepared by dissolving NaCl and CaCl2 salts (20:1 w/w) in distilled water. These waters were applied at early (emergence and tillering), later (booting and grain formation) and all (emergence, tillering, booting and grain formation) growth stages of wheat crop. The results showed that saline water decreased growth, yield and yield components of wheat crop. There was a constant decrease in growth and yield parameters with an increase in EC of the irrigation water. The saline water having EC 5.0 dS m-1 caused maximum reduction (~50%) in straw and grain yields. A variable effect of saline water at different growth stages was observed. The plants irrigated with saline waters at early and/or all growth stages were found to have inferior growth and yield parameters relative to the plants irrigated at later growth stage. Our findings indicate the possibility of using saline water at the later stage of wheat crop growth with a corresponding minimum risk of crop yield losses.
Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus Immunology

Objective To elucidate specific cytokine and chemokine markers in patients diagnosed with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcus (PANDAS). Study Design Prospective cohort study. Study setting Academic university hospital. Methods Tonsil tissue was collected from 24 patients and organized into 3 groups: experimental PANDAS cohort (12 patients), group A beta hemolytic streptococcus control cohort (6 patients), and obstructive sleep apnea control cohort (6 patients). Each tissue sample was extracted with MSD Tris lysis buffer, and protein lysates were analyzed for human chemokines and cytokines by the Human Cytokine 30-Plex Assay on the Mesoscale System. Results We identified a significant difference in expression regarding the 8 following cytokines when comparing the experimental PANDAS, group A beta hemolytic streptococcus, and obstructive sleep apnea control cohorts: tumor necrosis factor–α and eotaxin-3. In addition, our group also identified a significant reduction in the expression of interleukin (IL)–8, interferon inducible protein–10, IL-17a, interferon-γ, IL-10, and IL-12 across the aforementioned groups. Conclusions Patients diagnosed with PANDAS appear to maintain significantly different concentrations of cytokines when compared with patients afflicted by chronic group A beta hemolytic streptococcus infections and obstructive sleep apnea. As a result, one could potentially use the described characterization of immunologic markers as a basis for future mechanistic and epidemiological studies.
The effect of latency-associated transcript on the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-reactivation phenotype is mouse strain-dependent.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) null mutants reactivate poorly in the rabbit ocular model. The situation in mice is less clear. Reports concluding that LAT null mutants reactivate poorly in the mouse explant-induced reactivation (EIR) model are contradicted by a similar number of reports of normal EIR of LAT(-) mutants in mice. To determine if the EIR phenotype might be mouse strain-dependent we infected BALB/c and Swiss Webster mice with LAT(-) or LAT(+) virus and assessed EIR in individual trigeminal ganglia. Compared to LAT(+) virus, LAT(-) virus reactivated poorly in Swiss Webster mice (P<0.05). In contrast, the EIR phenotype of these viruses was similar in BALB/c mice (P>0.1). Thus, LAT appeared to have a much greater impact on the EIR phenotype in Swiss Webster mice than in BALB/c mice. The mouse strain therefore appeared consequential in the HSV-1 EIR phenotype in mice.
A Case of Adenocarcinoma of the Duodenum Arising from Brunner's Gland

We report a rare case of adenocarcinoma of the duodenum arising from Brunner's gland. A 70-year-old man with a history of hypertension was referred to us with the complaint of abdominal discomfort. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an irregular elevated mucosa and a submucosal tumor with delle in the duodenal bulb. Biopsy specimens revealed adenocarcinoma (the former) and hyperplasia (the latter). We could not agree with the patient about performing pancreaticoduodenectomy, so under the diagnosis of primary duodenal carcinoma, we performed resection of the bulbus and the antrum. Pathological examination showed that one of the tumors was consistent with normal Brunner's glands, Brunner's gland hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma arising from Brunner's glands. The patient's postoperative course was good, but 15 months after, he developed lymph node recurrence at the site of the pancreas head. Under the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of duodenal cancer, we performed pancreaticoduodenectomy this time. Pathological examination confirmed our preoperative diagnosis. The patient remained well after the surgery for 2 years.
Extending Answer Set Planning with Sequence, Conditional, Loop, Non-Deterministic Choice, and Procedure Constructs

We extend answer set programming of dynamical systems with more expressive programming constructs such sequence, conditional, loop, non-deterministic choice of actions/arguments, and procedures. We discuss its relevance to the problem of answer set planning. We present an SMODELS encoding of these constructs and formally prove the correctness of our encoding.