Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PeopleRank: Social Opportunistic Forwarding

In opportunistic networks, end-to-end paths between two communicating nodes are rarely available. In such situations, the nodes might still copy and forward messages to nodes that are more likely to meet the destination. The question is which forwarding algorithm offers the best trade off between cost (number of message replicas) and rate of successful message delivery. We address this challenge by developing the PeopleRank approach in which nodes are ranked using a tunable weighted social information. Similar to the PageRank idea, PeopleRank gives higher weight to nodes if they are socially connected to important other nodes of the network. We develop centralized and distributed variants for the computation of PeopleRank. We present an evaluation using real mobility traces of nodes and their social interactions to show that PeopleRank manages to deliver messages with near optimal success rate (close to Epidemic Routing) while reducing the number of message retransmissions by 50% compared to Epidemic Routing.
Negative Regulation of T Cell Antigen Receptor Signal Transduction by Hematopoietic Tyrosine Phosphatase (HePTP)*

The hematopoietic tyrosine phosphatase (HePTP) is predominantly expressed in thymocytes and T lymphocytes and at lower levels in other hematopoietic cells. Expression of the gene is enhanced by the T cell growth factor interleukin-2, suggesting a role for HePTP in T cell proliferation or differentiation. We report that HePTP blocks T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-induced transcriptional activation of a reporter gene driven by a nuclear factor of activated T cells(NFAT)/AP-1 element taken from the interleukin-2 gene promoter. This effect was specific to HePTP and was abolished by a mutation (C270S) that impaired its phosphatase activity. Co-expression of HePTP also reduced TCR-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase Erk2 and the TCR-induced appearance of phosphorylated Erk. In contrast, HePTP did not affect the activation of the N-terminal c-Jun kinase, Jnk. Together these findings suggest that HePTP plays an active negative role in TCR signaling by dephosphorylating one or several signaling molecules between the receptor and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
Loss of BiP/GRP78 function blocks translocation of secretory proteins in yeast

BiP/GRP78 is an essential member of the HSP70 family that resides in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. In yeast, BiP/GRP78 is encoded by the KAR2 gene. A temperature sensitive mutation was isolated in KAR2 and found to cause a rapid block in protein secretion. Secretory precursors of a number of proteins (invertase, carboxypeptidase Y, alpha-factor, and BiP) accumulated that were characteristic of a block in translocation into the lumen of the ER. Protease protection experiments confirmed that the precursors accumulated on the cytoplasmic side of the ER membrane. Moreover, depletion of wild-type KAR2 protein also resulted in a block in translocation of secretory proteins. These results implicate BiP/GRP78 function in the continued translocation of proteins into the lumen of the ER.
Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery as primary stand‐alone surgery for glaucoma

Recently, many new devices and procedures have been developed to lower intraocular pressure in a less invasive and purportedly safer manner than traditional glaucoma surgery. These new devices might encourage an earlier transition to surgery and reduce the long‐term commitment to topical glaucoma medications with their associated compliance and intolerance issues. Although often seen as an adjunct to cataract surgery, a growing body of evidence suggests that primary minimally invasive glaucoma surgery may be a viable initial treatment option. New studies have shown that primary ab interno trabeculectomy (Trabectome, NeoMedix Inc., Tustin, CA, USA), trabecular micro‐bypass stent insertion (iStent and iStent Inject, Glaukos Corporation, Laguna Hills, CA, USA), canalicular scaffolding (Hydrus, Invantis Inc., Irvine CA, USA), the ab interno gel Implant (XEN, Allergan, Dublin, Ireland) or supraciliary stenting (CyPass Micro‐Stent, Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA) may lower the lowering intraocular pressure and/or topical medication burden in phakic or pseudophakic patients with glaucoma. This effect seems to last at least 12 months but reliable cost‐effectiveness and quality of life indicators have not yet been established by investigator‐initiated randomized trials of sufficient size and duration.
ACCOUNTING FOR COSMIC VARIANCE IN STUDIES OF GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES IN THE HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELD CLUSTERS

Strong gravitational lensing provides a powerful means for studying faint galaxies in the distant universe. By magnifying the apparent brightness of background sources, massive clusters enable the detection of galaxies fainter than the usual sensitivity limit for blank fields. However, this gain in effective sensitivity comes at the cost of a reduced survey volume and, in this Letter, we demonstrate that there is an associated increase in the cosmic variance uncertainty. As an example, we show that the cosmic variance uncertainty of the high-redshift population viewed through the Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Field cluster Abell 2744 increases from ∼35% at redshift z ∼ 7 to ≳ 65% at z ∼ 10. Previous studies of high-redshift galaxies identified in the Frontier Fields have underestimated the cosmic variance uncertainty that will affect the ultimate constraints on both the faint-end slope of the high-redshift luminosity function and the cosmic star formation rate density, key goals of the Frontier Field program.
Perceiving Binocular Depth with Reference to a Common Surface

A common surface is a spatial regularity of our terrestrial environment. For instance, we walk on the common ground surface, lay a variety of objects on the table top, and display our favorite paintings on the wall. It has been proposed that the visual system utilizes this regularity as a reference frame for coding objects' distances. Presumably, by treating the common surface as such—ie an anticipated constant—the visual system can reduce its coding redundancy, and divert its resources to representing other information. For intermediate-distance space perception, it has been found that absolute distance judgment is most accurate when a common ground surface is available. Here we explored if the common surface also serves as the reference frame for the processing of binocular-disparity information, which is a predominant cue for near-distance space perception. We capitalized on an established observation where the perceived slant of a surface with linear binocular-disparity gradient is underestimated. Clearly, if the visual system utilizes this incorrectly represented slant surface as a reference frame for coding the objects' locations, the perceived depth separation between the objects will be adversely affected. Our results confirm this, by showing that the depth judgment of objects (two laterally separated vertical lines) on, or in the vicinity of, the surface is underestimated. Furthermore, we show that the impact of the common surface on perceived depth separation most likely occurs at the surface-representation level where the visual surface has been explicitly delineated, rather than at the earlier disparity-processing level.
Contribution of acute kidney injury toward morbidity and mortality in burns: a contemporary analysis.

BACKGROUND Severe acute kidney injury (AKI) that requires dialytic support, a relatively uncommon complication in severely burned adults, is associated with a substantially increased mortality rate. It is not known whether milder forms of AKI have prognostic importance in burns. METHODS We performed an observational cohort analysis of consecutive patients with major burns admitted to the burn care unit of a tertiary-care center from 1998 to 2003. Our main outcome measures were AKI stratified by the Risk of renal dysfunction, Injury to the kidney, Failure of kidney function, Loss of kidney function, and End-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) classification and mortality. RESULTS AKI occurred in 81 of 304 patients (26.6%) with burns on 10% or greater total-body surface area. Risk factors for AKI on multivariate analysis were inhalational injury, catheter infection, and sepsis. Patients with AKI stratified by using the RIFLE classification had greater mortality, greater requirement of artificial ventilation, and longer durations of intensive care unit and hospital stays. Mortality was not significantly different among those with the "Risk" and "Injury" strata of RIFLE AKI compared with those without AKI, but mortality increased significantly with the "Failure" (60%) strata. In multivariate analysis, age, greater total-body surface area, inhalational injury, and the RIFLE classification of Failure were each independent predictors of death. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the mortality of patients with burns with severe AKI remains high and unchanged in the modern era of critical care medicine. The RIFLE classification added prognostic information regarding morbidity in patients with milder forms of AKI.
Quantification of Internal Stress-Strain Fields in Human Tendon: Unraveling the Mechanisms that Underlie Regional Tendon Adaptations and Mal-Adaptations to Mechanical Loading and the Effectiveness of Therapeutic Eccentric Exercise

By virtue of their anatomical location between muscles and bones, tendons make it possible to transform contractile force to joint rotation and locomotion. However, tendons do not behave as rigid links, but exhibit viscoelastic tensile properties, thereby affecting the length and contractile force in the in-series muscle, but also storing and releasing elastic stain energy as some tendons are stretched and recoiled in a cyclic manner during locomotion. In the late 90s, advancements were made in the application of ultrasound scanning that allowed quantifying the tensile deformability and mechanical properties of human tendons in vivo. Since then, the main principles of the ultrasound-based method have been applied by numerous research groups throughout the world and showed that tendons increase their tensile stiffness in response to exercise training and chronic mechanical loading, in general, by increasing their size and improving their intrinsic material. It is often assumed that these changes occur homogenously, in the entire body of the tendon, but recent findings indicate that the adaptations may in fact take place in some but not all tendon regions. The present review focuses on these regional adaptability features and highlights two paradigms where they are particularly evident: (a) Chronic mechanical loading in healthy tendons, and (b) tendinopathy. In the former loading paradigm, local tendon adaptations indicate that certain regions may “see,” and therefore adapt to, increased levels of stress. In the latter paradigm, local pathological features indicate that certain tendon regions may be “stress-shielded” and degenerate over time. Eccentric exercise protocols have successfully been used in the management of tendinopathy, without much sound understanding of the mechanisms underpinning their effectiveness. For insertional tendinopathy, in particular, it is possible that the effectiveness of a loading/rehabilitation protocol depends on the topography of the stress created by the exercise and is not only reliant upon the type of muscle contraction performed. To better understand the micromechanical behavior and regional adaptability/mal-adaptability of tendon tissue it is important to estimate its internal stress-strain fields. Recent relevant advancements in numerical techniques related to tendon loading are discussed.
C-Arm CT Measurement of Cerebral Blood Volume in Ischemic Stroke: An Experimental Study in Canines

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: CBV is a key parameter in distinguishing penumbra from ischemic core. The purpose of this study was to compare CBV measurements acquired with standard PCT with ones obtained with C-arm CT in a canine stroke model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Under an institutionally approved protocol, unilateral MCA strokes were created in 10 canines. Four hours later, DWI was used to confirm the presence of an infarct. CBV maps acquired with PCT were compared with ones acquired by using C-arm CT. Three experienced observers, blinded to the technique used for acquisition, evaluated the CBV maps. RESULTS: An ischemic stroke was achieved in 9 of the 10 animals. Areas of reduced CBV were detected in 70%–75% of the PCT studies and in 83%–87% of the C-arm CT examinations, with false-positives in 1.7% and 3.3%, respectively. False-negatives were found in 25% of the PCT and 12.2% of the C-arm CT studies. In all studies, there was a significant difference between the absolute CBV values in normal and abnormal tissue (P < .005) and no significant difference between PCT and C-arm CT CBV values in either the normal or the abnormal parenchyma (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: CBV measurements made with C-arm CT compare well with ones made with PCT. While further work is required both to fully validate the technique and to define its ultimate clinical value, it appears that it offers a feasible method for assessing CBV in the angiography suite.
Apollo: a community resource for genome annotation editing

SUMMARY Apollo is a genome annotation-editing tool with an easy to use graphical interface. It is a component of the GMOD project, with ongoing development driven by the community. Recent additions to the software include support for the generic feature format version 3 (GFF3), continuous transcriptome data, a full Chado database interface, integration with remote services for on-the-fly BLAST and Primer BLAST analyses, graphical interfaces for configuring user preferences and full undo of all edit operations. Apollo's user community continues to grow, including its use as an educational tool for college and high-school students. AVAILABILITY Apollo is a Java application distributed under a free and open source license. Installers for Windows, Linux, Unix, Solaris and Mac OS X are available at http://apollo.berkeleybop. org, and the source code is available from the SourceForge CVS repository at http://gmod.cvs. sourceforge.net/gmod/apollo.
Free energy density for mean field perturbation of states of a one-dimensional spin chain

Motivated by recent developments on large deviations in states of the spin chain, we reconsider the work of Petz, Raggio and Verbeure in 1989 on the variational expression of free energy density in the presence of a mean field type perturbation. We extend their results from the product state case to the Gibbs state case in the setting of translation-invariant interactions of finite range. In the special case of a locally faithful quantum Markov state, we clarify the relation between two different kinds of free energy densities (or pressure functions).
Blended Biogeography Based Optimization for different economic load dispatch problem

Blended Biogeography Based Optimization (B-BBO) is an extension to the Biogeography Based Optimization (BBO) technique. Here the blending operator is used in the migration operation of BBO, inspired by the blended crossover operator in Genetic Algorithm (GA). In this paper, the B-BBO technique is applied on economic load dispatch (ELD) problems. Two sample systems are taken with quadratic and valve point cost functions respectively to analyze the effect of blending for the solution of this problem using BBO. Our analysis concludes that computational time decreases effectively with the blending but objective function value increases. B-BBO is suitable to the cases where huge computational burden is a big problem.
Is there a correlation between birth weights and first-trimester crown-rump length growth velocity?

Objective: To test the hypothesis that small- or large-for-gestational-age (SGA or LGA) newborns have anomalous crown-rump length (CRL) growth rates in the first trimester. Methods: Prospective observational study. Women in the first trimester presenting to the Early Pregnancy Unit, between November 2006 and December 2010, underwent transvaginal scan. Women with viable singleton pregnancies in the first trimester who had at least two CRL measurements > 5 mm, recorded at least 2 weeks apart, and also had birth weight data available were included in the final analysis. Birth weight percentiles were calculated and adjusted for gestational age and gender. SGA was equivalent to < 10th centile and LGA was equivalent to > 90th centile. Correlation analysis was performed between birthweight percentiles and first-trimester CRL growth-rate coefficients. In addition, we estimated early fetal growth rates (EFGR) by calculating the Δ CRL/Δ time (mm/day) to see if these differed according to the birth-weight percentiles. Results: A total of 107 women had complete data. The mean maternal characteristics were age 27.5 ± 6 years, weight 87 ± 29 kg and height 163 ± 8 cm. The mean birth weight and gestational age at delivery were 3405 g (SD = 597) and 269 days (SD = 13), respectively. The proportions of SGA and LGA were 7.5% and 18.7%, respectively. There were no significant correlations between birth-weight percentiles and any of the CRL growth rates. There were also no significant differences in the mean CRL velocities when comparing the SGA and LGA newborns birth weights. EFGR for SGA and LGA newborns were 1.34 mm/day (SD = 0.17) and 1.32 mm/day (SD = 0.24), respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Newborns who are found to be SGA or LGA at delivery do not appear to have anomalous CRL growth patterns in the first trimester. The EFGR also did not correlate with birth-weight percentiles.
A class of Hamiltonian regular graphs

In this paper, we show that if n 14 and if G is a Z-connected graph with 2n or 2n- 1 vertices which is regular of degree n -2, then G is Hamiltonian if and only if G is not the Petersen graph. We use the terminology of Behzad and Chartrand [2]. In particular, a set of vertices in a graph is independent if no two of the vertices in the set are adjacent. A graph is cubic if every vertex of the graph has degree three. Dirac [6] showed that if G is a graph with m r3 vertices and if every vertex of G has degree irn or more, then G is Hamiltonian. Dirac’s work has been extended in [lo], [ll], [3], [5], [8], and [4], but these results all require the existence of vertices of degree at least irn. Avoiding this latter
The Restless Brain

The pressing need to better understand human brain organization is appreciated by all who have labored to explain the uniqueness of human behavior in health and disease. Early work on the cytoarchitectonics of the human brain by Brodmann and others accompanied by several centuries of lesion behavior work, although valuable, has left us far short of what we need. Fortunately, modern brain imaging techniques have, over the past 40 years, substantially changed the situation by permitting the safe appraisal of both anatomical and functional relationships within the living human brain. An unexpected feature of this work is the critical importance of ongoing, intrinsic activity, which accounts for the majority of brain's energy consumption and exhibits a surprising level of organization that emerges with dimensions of both space and time. In this essay, some of the unique features of intrinsic activity are reviewed, as it relates to our understanding of brain organization.
Skew Littlewood–Richardson Rules from Hopf Algebras

We use Hopf algebras to prove a version of the Littlewood–Richardson rule for skew Schur functions, which implies a conjecture of Assaf and McNamara. We also establish skew Littlewood–Richardson rules for Schur P- and Q-functions and noncommutative ribbon Schur functions, as well as skew Pieri rules for k-Schur functions, dual k-Schur functions, and for the homology of the affine Grassmannian of the symplectic group.
Melatonin desensitizes endogenous MT2 melatonin receptors in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus: relevance for defining the periods of sensitivity of the mammalian circadian clock to melatonin

The hormone melatonin phase shifts circadian rhythms generated by the mammalian biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, through activation of G protein‐coupled MT2 melatonin receptors. This study demonstrated that pretreatment with physiological concentrations of melatonin (30–300 pM or 7–70 pg/mL) decreased the number of hMT2 melatonin receptors heterologously expressed in mammalian cells in a time and concentration‐dependent manner. Furthermore, hMT2‐GFP melatonin receptors heterologously expressed in immortalized SCN2.2 cells or in non‐neuronal mammalian cells were internalized upon pretreatment with both physiological (300 pM or 70 pg/mL) and supraphysiological (10 nM or 2.3 ng/mL) concentrations of melatonin. The decrease in MT2 melatonin receptor number induced by melatonin (300 pM for 1 h) was reversible and reached almost full recovery after 8 h; however, after treatment with 10 nM melatonin full recovery was not attained even after 24 h. This recovery process was partially protein synthesis dependent. Furthermore, exposure to physiological concentrations of melatonin (300 pM) for a time mimicking the nocturnal surge (8 h) desensitized functional responses mediated through melatonin activation of endogenous MT2 receptors, i.e., stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC) in immortalized SCN2.2 cells and phase shifts of circadian rhythms of neuronal firing in the rat SCN brain slice. We conclude that in vivo the nightly secretion of melatonin desensitizes endogenous MT2 melatonin receptors in the mammalian SCN thereby providing a temporally integrated profile of sensitivity of the mammalian biological clock to a melatonin signal. —Gerdin, M. J., Masana, M. I. , Rivera‐Bermúdez, M. A. , Hudson, R. L. , Earnest, D. J., Gillette, M. Ú. , Dubocovich, M. L. Melatonin desensitizes endogenous MT2 melatonin receptors in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus: relevance for defining the periods of sensitivity of the mammalian circadian clock to melatonin. FASEB J. 18, 1646–1656 (2004)
High prevalence of cattle fascioliasis in coastal areas of Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam

In Vietnam, especially central Vietnam, patients with fascioliasis are increasingly being reported. Since the fascioliasis is zoonotic, survey on the cattle fascioliasis should be informative for the control of human fascioliasis. In this study, the prevalence of cattle fascioliasis as well as the density of the intermediate host snails, Lymnaea swinhoei and L. viridis, were studied in Thua Thien Hue (TTH) province during 2014–2015. A total of 572 cattle feces were examined from 27 communes in 9 districts. Fasciola eggs were detected in cattle from 24 communes with an average prevalence of 23.4% (134/ 572). The highest prevalence was detected in cattle in the coastal plain terrain (31.0%) followed by plain (25.5%), mountain (21.7%), and low hilly (16.2%) terrains. The highest proportion of heavy infection (>200 EPG) was observed in the coastal plain terrain (36.1%), followed by mountains (20.0%), low hills (13.0%), and plains (8.9%). Low number of heavy infection, as well as relatively low prevalence in low hills and plains were associated with the extensive use of anti-fluke treatments. High number of intermediate host snails in low hilly and plain terrains also indicate high risk of fascioliasis. In this study, the density of Lymnaea snails in the coastal plain terrain was found to be very high (17.3 snails/m2) compared to that in previous studies. This is the first report indicating the recent expansion of cattle fascioliasis in the coastal region in Vietnam.