Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coexistence and transition between Cassie and Wenzel state on pillared hydrophobic surface

Water droplets on rugged hydrophobic surfaces typically exhibit one of the following two states: (i) the Wenzel state [Wenzel RN (1936) Ind Eng Chem 28:988–994] in which water droplets are in full contact with the rugged surface (referred as the wetted contact) or (ii) the Cassie state [Cassie, ABD, Baxter S (1944) Trans Faraday Soc 40:546–551] in which water droplets are in contact with peaks of the rugged surface as well as the “air pockets” trapped between surface grooves (the composite contact). Here, we show large-scale molecular dynamics simulation of transition between Wenzel state and Cassie state of water droplets on a periodic nanopillared hydrophobic surface. Physical conditions that can strongly affect the transition include the height of nanopillars, the spacing between pillars, the intrinsic contact angle, and the impinging velocity of water nanodroplet (“raining” simulation). There exists a critical pillar height beyond which water droplets on the pillared surface can be either in the Wenzel state or in the Cassie state, depending on their initial location. The free-energy barrier separating the Wenzel and Cassie state was computed on the basis of a statistical-mechanics method and kinetic raining simulation. The barrier ranges from a few tenths of kBT0 (where kB is the Boltzmann constant, and T0 is the ambient temperature) for a rugged surface at the critical pillar height to ≈8 kBT0 for the surface with pillar height greater than the length scale of water droplets. For a highly rugged surface, the barrier from the Wenzel-to-Cassie state is much higher than from Cassie-to-Wenzel state. Hence, once a droplet is trapped deeply inside the grooves, it would be much harder to relocate on top of high pillars.
Evaluation of three-dimensional segmentation algorithms for the identification of luminal and medial-adventitial borders in intravascular ultrasound images

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides direct depiction of coronary artery anatomy, including plaque and vessel area, which is important in quantitative studies on the progression or regression of coronary artery disease. Traditionally, these studies have relied on manual evaluation, which is laborious, time consuming, and subject to large interobserver and intraobserver variability. A new technique, called active surface segmentation, alleviates these limitations and makes strides toward routine analyses. However, for three-dimensional (3-D) plaque assessment or 3-D reconstruction to become a clinical reality, methods must be developed which can analyze many images quickly. Presented is a comparison between two active surface techniques for three-dimensional segmentation of luminal and medial-adventitial borders. The force-acceleration technique and the neighborhood-search technique accurately detected both borders in vivo (r/sup 2/=0.95 and 0.99, Williams' index=0.67 and 0.65, and r/sup 2/=0.95 and 0.99, WI=0.67 and 0.70, respectively). However, the neighborhood-search technique was significantly faster and required less computation. Volume calculations for both techniques (r/sup 2/=0.99 and r/sup 2/=0.99) also agreed with a known-volume phantom. Active surface segmentation allows 3-D assessment of coronary morphology and further developments with this technology will provide clinical analysis tools.
Undrained Shear Strength and Swelling Characteristics of Cement Treated Soil

This study investigates the influence of cement addition on the behavior of an expansive soil from Jordan. A wide range of cement content varying from 0 to 25% by dry weight of soil was used. This study shows that the liquid limit of the treated soil decreases drastically for cement content of up to 6%, then sharply increases for cement content in the range of 6 to 10% after which the liquid limit becomes practically constant. This study shows also that the swell potential of the treated soil decreases drastically for cement content of up to 4%, then sharply increases for cement content in the range of 4 to 6% after which the swell potential may decrease or may become constant depending on the initial water content. The undrained shear strength was generally observed to increase with the increase of cement content from 0 to 20%; however, the maximum rate of this increase was observed to be in the range of cement content from 6 to 10%. These results are interpreted in terms of cation exchange, flocculation and pozzolanic reactions that are associated with cement addition to soil.
Outside, inside: gender work in industrial relations

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the role and experiences of women working in the industrial relations (IR) academy and to explore the recent claim that the subject of industrial relations has “been very receptive to the contributions of feminist analysis”. Design/methodology/approach – An examination is made of the liminal position of women IR scholars in the IR academy and their concern for feminist and gender analysis. Parallels are drawn with IR and trade unions, focusing mainly on Britain, which also occupy, simultaneously, insider and outsider spaces. This approach draws on the relevant literature and is then tested through a questionnaire survey of women scholars working in the field, the author included, together with interviews and interactive discussions about the findings.Findings – Gender politics remain highly contested in the IR academy, with women and their work experiencing considerable marginalisation and exclusion. Nevertheless women IR scholars display a high level of commitment to t.
Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences of the 16S rRNA Gene of Novel Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Feces of Human and Bali Cattle

Livestock especially cattle are known as a main reservoir of Escherichia coli O157:H7. This bacterium is considered as a pathogenic agent characterized by producing toxins, which are familiarly known as Shiga-like toxin-1 (Stx1) and Stx2. The aim of this work was to analyse the novel sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of strains isolated in this study in order to know the phylogenetic relationships between these sequences and those between the sequences of bacteria available in databanks. The results of this analysis showed that the strains KL-48(2) and SM25(1) that originated from human and cattle feces, respectively, are closely related among them and with respect to E. coli EDL 933, E. coli Sakai, E. coli ATCC 43894, E. coli O111:H-, E. coli O121:H19, E. coli O104:H4, and Shigella sonnei with more than 99% similarity values.
Organizational Change and Redesign: Ideas and Insights for Improving Performance

This book is the culmination of four years of the coordinated research of twelve business professors in management and organizational science. Their studies were directed at increasing an understanding of the relationships among organizational change, redesign, and performance. The book deals with the way in which organizational performance is affected by changes in the organization's environment, strategy, structure, and leadership, and how managerial effectiveness is influenced by managerial demographics, team structure, and communication processes. This book represents some of the finest authors currently working in the area of organizational change and performance.
Evaluation of a Bayesian Method for Predicting Vancomycin Dosing

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of a vancomycin dosing program in predicting dosages necessary to achieve desired serum vancomycin concentrations in a relatively large patient population. With the completion of initial performance evaluation, revised pharmacokinetic parameter estimates derived in the initial evaluation are used to reevaluate program performance. The program uses population estimates of vancomycin's volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (Cl) to initially predict dosing, then individualizes those estimates by a Bayesian algorithm (iterations) which uses dosing and the resulting serum vancomycin concentration data. Use of the Bayesian forecaster with one iteration significantly increases the calculated Cl value as compared with population estimates; two and three iterations significantly increase both Vd and Cl when compared with population estimates. Absolute values of the predicted minus observed peak serum vancomycin concentrations (accuracy) are 17.7 ± 14.0, 6.1 ± 3.6, and 3.4 ± 2.1 mg/L for dosing using population estimates, Bayesian with one iteration, and Bayesian with two iterations, respectively. Similarly, accuracy of predictions for trough concentrations is 13.8 ± 12.4, 3.5 ± 3.2, and 3.2 ± 2.6 mg/L for each method, respectively. Bias of dosing predictions in achieving desired peak and trough serum vancomycin concentrations is also significantly reduced by using the Bayesian algorithm. Use of the mean Vd and Cl values from three iterations as the starting parameters in a new group of 12 patients significantly improves program performance when compared with use of initial population parameters. Time of sampling for peak serum concentrations has no effect on program performance. In patients with impaired renal function, use of population estimates resulted in less accurate dosing prediction, but this less accurate performance was not observed with use of the Bayesian forecaster. These data demonstrate the accuracy and lack of bias in individualized dosing predictions using the Bayesian dosing method and the ability of revised pharmacokinetic parameter estimates to improve performance.
Psychotherapy meets neuroscience

I read with interest the ‘opinion anddebate’article by Peter Fonagy‘Psychotherapy meets neuroscience’(Psychiatric Bulletin, October 2004, 28,357-359). While I am in agreement withthe points he makes and the illus trationshe uses, I think he has overlooked what isvery likely to be the defining technology inthe future of psychiatric treatment:neuroimaging.There is already a smatteringof papers that have addressed thepossible convergent brain mechanismsthat underlie psychotherapeutic responseand drug responses in the same disorder(for example in social anxiety disorder,e.g. Furmark et al, 2002). These studiesare bound to increase in future years. Sofar, they seem to suggest that differentbrain regions are involved in psycho-therapeutic response compared with drugresponse, although they may target acommon final pathway such as theamygdala.Another area of growing interest whichwill presumably turn into publications inthe next few years is the exploration ofthe underlying neurochemical mechanismsof psychotherapy. For instance, our owngroup is currently conducting a study inwhich we give cognitive-behaviouraltherapy (CBT) for panic disorder and whenpatients have made a full recovery we testwhether the therapeutic benefit of thisintervention can be undermined bydepleting brain 5-HTusing the tryptophandepletion paradigm. Our preliminary data(Hoodet al, 2004) suggest that trypto-phan depletion does elicit a return ofvulnerability to the panicogenic actions ofa flumazenil challenge. Some earlier datafrom the Oxford group (Smith et al,1997)using tryptophan depletion in thoserecovered from depression support theview that CBTeffects may be mediatedthrough serotonergic action, since theyfound a depressive relapse in a couple ofpatients who had recovered on CBTwhom had never had any drug treatmentfor their depression.It was pleasing to read a psycho-therapist promoting a positive view of theinteraction with neuroscience and I amvery happy to offer my support for anybiological studies he would like to conductin this field.FURMARK,T. ,TILLFORS,M. ,MARTEINSDOTTIR,I. ,etal(2002)Commonchangesincerebralbloodflowinpatientswithsocialphobiatreatedwithcitalopramorcognitive-behavioraltherapy.ArchivesofGeneralPsychiatry,59,425^433.HOOD,S.D. ,NAHS,J.R. ,BELL,C.J.,etal(2004)Earlyresultsfromatryptophandepletionstudyinpanicdisorderpatientstreatedwithcognitivebehavioraltherapy.JournalofPsychopharmacology,18,A22,MB13.SMITH,K.A. ,FAIRBURN,C.G. ,COWEN,P.J.(1997)Relapseofdepressionafterrapiddepletionoftryptophan.Lancet, 349,915^919.
The CD1d-Natural Killer T Cell Axis in Atherosclerosis

A key role for ‘lipid-sensing' CD1-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been suggested. However, the biology of NKT cells remains poorly characterized, as in different experimental settings their activation was reported to both stimulate and suppress innate and adaptive immune responses. Most of the data from experimental models suggest that NKT cells are proatherogenic; however, it is debated whether the increase in atherosclerosis observed following NKT cell stimulation is a consequence of the inability to induce functional NKT cells rather than the proatherogenic nature of NKT cells. CD1d-expressing antigen-presenting cells and NKT cells were detected in mouse and human atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, several lysophospholipids and glycosphingolipids, known to accumulate in atherosclerotic plaques, are antigenic for human NKT cell clones. Lipid transfer proteins, such as apolipoprotein E and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, are central to NKT cell responses. All these data suggest a profound relation between lipid metabolism, CD1d-NKT cell axis activation and atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize the advances and gaps in our knowledge of NKT cell biology in the context of atherosclerosis as well as the possibility of influencing NKT cell polarization toward an atheroprotective phenotype.
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal ensemble depend on downstream neuromodulators

Neuropeptides play a key role in the regulation of behaviors and physiological responses including alertness, social recognition, and hunger, yet, their mechanism of action is poorly understood. Here, we focus on the endocrine control ecdysis behavior, which is used by arthropods to shed their cuticle at the end of every molt. Ecdysis is triggered by ETH (Ecdysis triggering hormone), and we show that the response of peptidergic neurons that produce CCAP (crustacean cardioactive peptide), which are key targets of ETH and control the onset of ecdysis behavior, depends fundamentally on the actions of neuropeptides produced by other direct targets of ETH and released in a broad paracrine manner within the CNS; by autocrine influences from the CCAP neurons themselves; and by inhibitory actions mediated by GABA. Our findings provide insights into how this critical insect behavior is controlled and general principles for understanding how neuropeptides organize neuronal activity and behaviors. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.19686. 001
Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study.

CONTEXT Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States, but identifying persons at risk is difficult. Thus, the US surgeon general has made suicide prevention a national priority. An expanding body of research suggests that childhood trauma and adverse experiences can lead to a variety of negative health outcomes, including attempted suicide among adolescents and adults. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between the risk of suicide attempts and adverse childhood experiences and the number of such experiences (adverse childhood experiences [ACE] score). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective cohort study of 17 337 adult health maintenance organization members (54% female; mean [SD] age, 57 [15.3] years) who attended a primary care clinic in San Diego, Calif, within a 3-year period (1995-1997) and completed a survey about childhood abuse and household dysfunction, suicide attempts (including age at first attempt), and multiple other health-related issues. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Self-reported suicide attempts, compared by number of adverse childhood experiences, including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; household substance abuse, mental illness, and incarceration; and parental domestic violence, separation, or divorce. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence of having at least 1 suicide attempt was 3.8%. Adverse childhood experiences in any category increased the risk of attempted suicide 2- to 5-fold. The ACE score had a strong, graded relationship to attempted suicide during childhood/adolescence and adulthood (P<.001). Compared with persons with no such experiences (prevalence of attempted suicide, 1.1%), the adjusted odds ratio of ever attempting suicide among persons with 7 or more experiences (35.2%) was 31.1 (95% confidence interval, 20.6-47.1). Adjustment for illicit drug use, depressed affect, and self-reported alcoholism reduced the strength of the relationship between the ACE score and suicide attempts, suggesting partial mediation of the adverse childhood experience-suicide attempt relationship by these factors. The population-attributable risk fractions for 1 or more experiences were 67%, 64%, and 80% for lifetime, adult, and childhood/adolescent suicide attempts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A powerful graded relationship exists between adverse childhood experiences and risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span. Alcoholism, depressed affect, and illicit drug use, which are strongly associated with such experiences, appear to partially mediate this relationship. Because estimates of the attributable risk fraction caused by these experiences were large, prevention of these experiences and the treatment of persons affected by them may lead to progress in suicide prevention.
Construction and Validation of the Multidimensional Experience of Grandparenthood Set of Inventories

A new set of inventories designed to examine the multidimensional experience of grandparenthood (MEG) was developed in four stages. Three hundred thirteen grandparents (181 women and 132 men; age range, 46 to 92 years) were asked to complete a series of questionnaires to validate the final structure of the MEG, which consists of 11 factors configured as four dimensions: cognitive (personal investment and personal cost), affective (positive and negative feelings), symbolic (meaning, compensation for parenthood, continuity, and burden), and behavioral (emotional support, contribution to upbringing, and instrumental support). Associations were examined among the four dimensions of the MEG and the hierarchy of roles in grandparents’ life, the Caregiving-System Scale, the Big Five Personality Inventory factors, the Social Desirability Scale, and sociodemographic data. The discussion focuses on the validity and utility of the multidimensional conceptualization of the experience of grandparenthood.
The Influence of Emotional Arousal on Affective Priming in Monolingual and Bilingual Speakers

The activation of arousal components for emotion-laden words in English (e.g. kiss, death) was examined in two groups of participants: English monolinguals and Spanish—English bilinguals. In Experiment 1, emotion-laden words were rated on valence and perceived arousal. These norms were used to construct prime—target word pairs that were used in Experiment 2. Monolingual and bilingual participants performed lexical decisions to English word targets in either high arousal, moderate or unrelated conditions. Results revealed positive priming effects in both arousal conditions for both groups of participants. Interestingly, while the baseline conditions were similar across groups, the arousal conditions produced longer latencies for bilinguals than for monolinguals. These data represent the first demonstration of word—word priming in the domain of perceived arousal in a dominant language for monolingual and bilingual speakers. Results are discussed in terms of the representation of emotion words and the structure of emotion in bilingual memory.
Predictable Climate Impacts of the Decadal Changes in the Ocean in the 1990s

AbstractDuring the 1990s there was a major change in the state of the world's oceans. In particular, the North Atlantic underwent a rapid warming, with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the subpolar gyre region increasing by 1°C in just a few years. Associated with the changes in SST patterns were changes in the surface climate, in particular, a tendency for warm and dry conditions over areas of North America in all seasons, and warm springs and wet summers over areas of Europe. Here, the extent to which a climate prediction system initialized using observations of the ocean state is able to capture the observed changes in seasonal mean surface climate is investigated. Rather than examining predictions of the mid-1990s North Atlantic warming event itself, this study compares hindcasts started before and after the warming, relative to hindcasts that do not assimilate information. It is demonstrated that the hindcasts capture many aspects of the observed changes in seasonal mean surface climate, especially.
BM3D Frames and Variational Image Deblurring

A family of the block matching 3-D (BM3D) algorithms for various imaging problems has been recently proposed within the framework of nonlocal patchwise image modeling , . In this paper, we construct analysis and synthesis frames, formalizing BM3D image modeling, and use these frames to develop novel iterative deblurring algorithms. We consider two different formulations of the deblurring problem, i.e., one given by the minimization of the single-objective function and another based on the generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) balance of two objective functions. The latter results in the algorithm where deblurring and denoising operations are decoupled. The convergence of the developed algorithms is proved. Simulation experiments show that the decoupled algorithm derived from the GNE formulation demonstrates the best numerical and visual results and shows superiority with respect to the state of the art in the field, confirming a valuable potential of BM3D-frames as an advanced image modeling tool.
Measurement of an excess of B̄→D(*) τ-ν̄τ decays and implications for charged Higgs bosons

Based on the full BABAR data sample, we report improved measurements of the ratios R(D)=B(B→Dτ-ντ)/ B(B→Dl-νl) and R(D*)=B(B→D*τ-ντ)/ B(B→D*l-νl), where l refers to either an electron or muon. These ratios are sensitive to new physics contributions in the form of a charged Higgs boson. We measure R(D)=0.440±0.058±0.042 and R(D*)=0.332±0. 024±0.018, which exceed the standard model expectations by 2. 0σ and 2. 7σ, respectively. Taken together, the results disagree with these expectations at the 3. 4σ level. This excess cannot be explained by a charged Higgs boson in the type II two-Higgs-doublet model. Kinematic distributions presented here exclude large portions of the more general type III two-Higgs-doublet model, but there are solutions within this model compatible with the results. © 2013 American Physical Society.
Classroom Seating Preference as a Function of Student Personality

This study examined the relationship between classroom seating preference and student personality characteristics. Previous research has revealed front and center seating positions are characterized by high student-teacher interaction. In this study it was suggested that one explanation for the high interaction is that students with similar personality characteristics prefer to sit in the central seats. The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire was administered to 285 undergraduates in two treatment conditions: preference seating and random seating. Analyses of variance and t tests were performed on the data. The research hyotheses were partially supported in that several personality factors were significantly different for those who chose action seats and those who did not.