Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paxillin modulates squamous cancer cell adhesion and is important in pressure‐augmented adhesion

Paxillin is an adapter protein regulating signaling and focal adhesion assembly that has been linked to malignant potential in many malignancies. Overexpression of paxillin has been noted in aggressive tumors. Integrin‐mediated binding through the focal adhesion complex is important in metastatic adhesion and is upregulated by extracellular pressure in malignant colonocytes through FAK and Src activation. Neither head and neck cancers nor paxillin have been studied in this regard. We hypothesized that paxillin would play a role in modulating squamous cancer adhesion both at baseline and under conditions of increased extracellular pressure. Using SCC25 tongue squamous cancer cells stably transfected with either an empty selection vector or paxillin expression and selection vectors, we studied adhesion to collagen, paxillin, FAK, and Src expression and phosphorylation in cells maintained for 30 min under ambient or 15 mmHg increased pressure conditions. Paxillin‐overexpressing cells exhibited adhesion 121 ± 2.9% of that observed in vector‐only cells (n = 6, P < 0.001) under ambient pressure. Paxillin‐overexpression reduced FAK phosphorylation. Pressure stimulated adhesion to 118 ± 2.3% (n = 6, P < 0.001) of baseline in vector‐only cells, similar to its effect in the parental line, and induced paxillin, FAK, and Src phosphorylation. However, increased pressure did not stimulate adhesion or phosphorylate paxillin, FAK, or Src further in paxillin‐overexpressing cells. Metastasizing squamous cancer cell adhesiveness may be increased by paxillin‐overexpression or by paxillin activation by extracellular pressure during surgical manipulation or growth within a constraining compartment. Targeting paxillin in patients with malignancy and minimal tumor manipulation during surgical resection may be important therapeutic adjuncts. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sea surface salinity interannual variability in the western tropical Atlantic: An ocean general circulation model study

[1] Interannual variability of sea surface salinity in the northwest tropical Atlantic is investigated in several ocean general circulation model eddy-permitting simulations using different air-sea freshwater forcing. The only simulation able to reproduce some features of the observed variability from 1989 to 1993, in particular in the northwest South American region up to 20°N, east of the Lesser Antilles, is one with no relaxation to a salinity climatology. The model variability results from advection of freshwater originating from the large South American continental shelf river runoff and has a seasonal cycle associated with the displacement of the intertropical convergence zone: Anomalies develop from March to May and then propagate to a larger area within the next months with the horizontal currents (where both geostrophic and Ekman currents contribute). Later on, from July to October, the anomalies are damped through entrainment across the mixed layer base. The vertical diffusion through the mixed layer base does not weaken when anomalously fresh surface water is present (i.e., no barrier layer effect). According to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA15 reanalysis, air-sea freshwater fluxes have little impact on the large (over 0.5 practical salinity scale) sea surface salinity (SSS) variability in this region. In the model, eddy variability plays little role in the interannual SSS variability, maybe because of inadequate resolution resulting in too weak and too few North Brazil Current eddies.
Medication Error Identification Rates by Pharmacy, Medical, and Nursing Students

Objective. To assess and compare prescribing error-identification rates by health professional students. Methods. Medical, pharmacy, and nursing students were asked to complete a questionnaire on which they evaluated the accuracy of 3 prescriptions and indicated the type of error found, if any. The number of correctly identified prescribing errors and the number of correct types of errors identified were compared and error identification rates for each group were calculated. Results. One hundred seventy-five questionnaires were returned (87% response rate). Pharmacy students had a significantly higher error-identification rate than medical and nursing students (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between medical and nursing students (p = 0.88). Compared to medical students, pharmacy students more often were able to identify correctly the error type for each prescription (p < 0.001; p = 0.023; p = 0.001). Conclusions. Of the 3 student groups, pharmacy students demonstrated a significantly higher error-identification rate, which may be associated with the greater number of pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics course hours that pharmacy students complete.
Anemia in pregnancy: a study among attendees of primary health care centers

Ann Saudi Med 28(6) November-December 2008 www.saudiannals. net 449 Anemia in pregnancy remains a major problem in nearly all developing and many industrialized countries. The World Health Organization estimates that 58% of pregnant females in developi ing countries are anemic.1 In the Arab Gulf countries, maternal anemia, especially iron deficiency anemia has been considered as of the important public health probi lems with a prevalence ranging from 22.6% to 54.0%. 2 High parity with iron deficiency was found to be an imi portant risk factor for maternal mortality at King Fahad University Hospital, AliKhobar, Saudi Arabia, during the 20 yeariperiod from 1983 to 2002.3 Several studi ies have reported the risks of pregnancy anemia on the mother and her offspring. In a review of those studies, Scholl and Hediger suggested that anemia during early pregnancy increases the likelihood of poor outcomes such as preterm deliveries, low birth weight and perii natal mortality.4 A higher risk of urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis and preieclampsia has been reported in observational studies on ironideficient women who are not necessarily anemic.5 There is lack of recently pubi lished data on maternal anemia from the urban area of AliKhobar (Eastern province). This study was therefore conducted to determine a) the magnitude of anemia among pregnant women attending primary health care centers (PHCCs) of AliKhobar and b) the association of pregnancy anemia with certain socioidemographic, biological and dietary factors.
Developing a Citywide Youth Violence Prevention Plan

Researchers suggest that violence prevention requires community-wide efforts and partnerships that demonstrate commitment to youth development. Missing from this research, however, are studies considering how these partnerships are formed and how members of various groups involved in these partnerships perceive youth violence prevention. This study sought to fill this void. A series of seven focus group interviews were conducted with 85 stakeholders involved in developing a youth violence prevention plan in one community. Results suggest that the stakeholders were optimistic about developing violence prevention strategies and forging partnerships between various groups. Participants pointed to specific themes that provide a framework for understanding youth violence prevention planning efforts. Implications are provided.
Adaptive Consensus ADMM for Distributed Optimization

The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is commonly used for distributed model fitting problems, but its performance and reliability depend strongly on user-defined penalty parameters. We study distributed ADMM methods that boost performance by using different fine-tuned algorithm parameters on each worker node. We present a O(1/k) convergence rate for adaptive ADMM methods with node-specific parameters, and propose adaptive consensus ADMM (ACADMM), which automatically tunes parameters without user oversight.
Comments on “Supervisor Design to Enforce Production Ratio and Absence of Deadlock in Automated Manufacturing Systems”

Petri nets have been widely used to solve the modeling, analysis, and control problems in the context of automated manufacturing systems (AMSs). In the literature, investigations on the liveness-enforcing supervisory control of AMSs have been an active research topic. In [1], it was supposed that an AMS is subject to a stable demand for different products with specific production ratios. The ratio and supervisory control issues were addressed together for AMSs. It was proven in [1] that ratio and supervisory controls can be performed separately. A mixed integer programming (MIP)-based method was proposed to design a liveness-enforcing supervisor for AMSs.
The Socio-Political Culture of Users

South Africa has been described as a melting pot of different cultures, adding to the rich South African heritage, boasting eleven official languages. This cultural diversity, however, poses quite a unique challenge for designers of software, especially in the design of e-commerce websites. This paper describes an experiment with the net-generation and the effects of culture on users’ perception of the web.
Loss Functions for Binary Class Probability Estimation and Classification: Structure and Applications

What are the natural loss functions or fitting criteria for binary class probability estimation? This question has a simple answer: so-called “proper scoring rules”, that is, functions that score probability estimates in view of data in a Fisher-consistent manner. Proper scoring rules comprise most loss functions currently in use: log-loss, squared error loss, boosting loss, and as limiting cases cost-weighted misclassification losses. Proper scoring rules have a rich structure: • Every proper scoring rules is a mixture (limit of sums) of cost-weighted misclassification losses. The mixture is specified by a weight function (or measure) that describes which misclassification cost weights are most emphasized by the proper scoring rule. • Proper scoring rules permit Fisher scoring and Iteratively Reweighted LS algorithms for model fitting. The weights are derived from a link function and the above weight function. • Proper scoring rules are in a 1-1 correspondence with information measures for tree-based classification. • Proper scoring rules are also in a 1-1 correspondence with Bregman distances that can be used to derive general approximation bounds for cost-weighted misclassification errors, as well as generalized bias-variance decompositions. We illustrate the use of proper scoring rules with novel criteria for 1) Hand and Vinciotti’s (2003) localized logistic regression and 2) for interpretable classification trees. We will also discuss connections with exponential loss used in boosting.
The function and regulation of acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) and the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC): IUPHAR Review 19

Acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) and the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) are both members of the ENaC/degenerin family of amiloride‐sensitive Na+ channels. ASICs act as proton sensors in the nervous system where they contribute, besides other roles, to fear behaviour, learning and pain sensation. ENaC mediates Na+ reabsorption across epithelia of the distal kidney and colon and of the airways. ENaC is a clinically used drug target in the context of hypertension and cystic fibrosis, while ASIC is an interesting potential target. Following a brief introduction, here we will review selected aspects of ASIC and ENaC function. We discuss the origin and nature of pH changes in the brain and the involvement of ASICs in synaptic signalling. We expose how in the peripheral nervous system, ASICs cover together with other ion channels a wide pH range as proton sensors. We introduce the mechanisms of aldosterone‐dependent ENaC regulation and the evidence for an aldosterone‐independent control of ENaC activity, such as regulation by dietary K+. We then provide an overview of the regulation of ENaC by proteases, a topic of increasing interest over the past few years. In spite of the profound differences in the physiological and pathological roles of ASICs and ENaC, these channels share many basic functional and structural properties. It is likely that further research will identify physiological contexts in which ASICs and ENaC have similar or overlapping roles.
A natural Gromov-Witten virtual fundamental class

We describe a program for proving that the Gromov-Witten moduli spaces of compact symplectic manifolds carry a unique virtual fundamental class that satisfies certain naturality conditions. The virtual fundamental class is constructed using only Ruan-Tian perturbations by introducing stabilizing divisors, using Cech homology, and systematically applying naturality conditions. In high dimensions or low genus, no gluing theorems are needed.
Convective cloud vertical velocity and mass‐flux characteristics from radar wind profiler observations during GoAmazon2014/5

A radar wind profiler data set collected during the 2 year Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) campaign is used to estimate convective cloud vertical velocity, area fraction, and mass flux profiles. Vertical velocity observations are presented using cumulative frequency histograms and weighted mean profiles to provide insights in a manner suitable for global climate model scale comparisons (spatial domains from 20 km to 60 km). Convective profile sensitivity to changes in environmental conditions and seasonal regime controls is also considered. Aggregate and ensemble average vertical velocity, convective area fraction, and mass flux profiles, as well as magnitudes and relative profile behaviors, are found consistent with previous studies. Updrafts and downdrafts increase in magnitude with height to midlevels (6 to 10 km), with updraft area also increasing with height. Updraft mass flux profiles similarly increase with height, showing a peak in magnitude near 8 km. Downdrafts are observed to be most frequent below the freezing level, with downdraft area monotonically decreasing with height. Updraft and downdraft profile behaviors are further stratified according to environmental controls. These results indicate stronger vertical velocity profile behaviors under higher convective available potential energy and lower low‐level moisture conditions. Sharp contrasts in convective area fraction and mass flux profiles are most pronounced when retrievals are segregated according to Amazonian wet and dry season conditions. During this deployment, wet season regimes favored higher domain mass flux profiles, attributed to more frequent convection that offsets weaker average convective cell vertical velocities.
Report from the 2nd international workshop on replication in empirical software engineering research (RESER 2011)

The RESER workshop provides a venue in which empirical software engineering researchers can discuss the theoretical foundations and methods of replication, as well as present the results of specific replicated studies. In 2011, the workshop co-located with the International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM) in Banff, Alberta, Canada. In addition to several outstanding paper sessions, highlights of the 2011 workshop included a keynote address by Dr. Victor R. Basili, in which he addressed the question, "What's so hard about replication of software engineering experiments? " The workshop also featured a joint replication panel session discussing the first cooperative joint replication ever conducted in empirical software engineering research and a planning session for next year's joint replication project addressing Conway's Law.
Black, magnetic spherules in sediments

Specimens of sedimentary materials from formations distributed over the sequence from Recent to Ordovician have been processed for recovery of magnetic particles. Magnetic particles were found in all specimens, and among them were black spherules in numbers ranging from 28 to 240 per gram of sediment. These are apparently identical to and have the same size distribution as the black, magnetic spherules currently being collected from the atmosphere and to the magnetic spherules of supposed meteoritic origin that for many years have been reported in deep sea sediments. Two specimens of deep sea sediment were among those studied. They were found to contain larger spherules in numbers of the same order as those reported by Laevastu and Mellis, but spherules smaller than 40 μ in diameter were much more abundant. A large and, thus far, unresolved discrepancy appears to exist between the annual infall of spherules calculated for the deep sea sediments and that calculated for the San Agustin playa deposits and for the present atmospheric deposit.
Do We Notice when Communication Goes Awry? An Investigation of People's Sensitivity to Coherence in Spontaneous Conversation

In the dominant theoretical framework, human communication is modeled as the faithful transmission of information. This implies that when people are involved in communicational exchanges, they should be sensitive to the success with which information is transmitted, easily detecting when conversations lack coherence. The expectation that humans are good at detecting conversational incoherence is in line with common intuition, but there are several reasons to suspect that it might be unrealistic. First, similar intuitions have been shown to be unrealistic for a number of psychological processes. Second, faithful information transmission may conflict with other conversational goals. Third, mechanisms supporting information transmission may themselves lead to cases of incoherence being missed. To ascertain the extent to which people are insensitive to patches of serious conversational incoherence, we generated such patches in the laboratory by repeatedly crossing two unrelated conversations. Across two studies, involving both narrowly and broadly focused conversations, between 27% and 42% of the conversants did not notice that their conversations had been crossed. The results of these studies suggest that it may indeed be unrealistic to model spontaneous conversation as faithful information transmission. Rather, our results are more consistent with models of communication that view it as involving noisy and error-prone inferential processes, serving multiple independent goals.
Thermal evolution of the Kisseynew sedimentary gneiss belt, Manitoba: metamorphism at an early Proterozoic accretionary margin

Summary The Kisseynew sedimentary gneiss belt forms part of an early Proterozoic accretionary margin preserved between two Archaean cratons in the south-west Canadian Shield. The sediments are volcanogenic turbidites deposited from flanking volcanic belts at 1910–1875 Ma. Two compressional tectonic events preceded 1815 Ma metamorphism, which reached conditions of 750°C at about 5.5 kbar. Subsequent uplift took the rocks through to 280°C at about 1705 Ma. Thermal modelling suggests that, over this time interval, the average uplift rate was 0.06 km Ma−1. The K, U and Th analyses of the metasediments, combined with the estimated burial depth, show that in situ radiogenic heat production was insufficient to cause the high-temperature, moderate-pressure metamorphism. A modern analogy in southern Alaska suggests that elevated thermal flux due to magmatic intrusion may be a common phenomenon during the late stages of evolution of accretionary environments.
Theory of domain formation in inhomogeneous ferromagnetic dipolar condensates

Recent experimental studies of $^{87}$Rb spinor Bose Einstein condensates have shown the existence of a magnetic field driven quantum phase transition accompanied by structure formation on the ferromagnetic side of the transition. In this theoretical study we examine the dynamics of the unstable modes following the transition taking into account the effects of the trap, non-linearities, finite temperature and dipole-dipole interactions. Starting from an initial state which includes quantum fluctuations, we attempt to make quantitative comparisons with recent experimental data on this system and estimate the contribution of quantum zero-point fluctuations to the domain formation. Finally, using the strong anisotropy of the trap, we propose ways to observe directly the effects of dipole-dipole interactions on the spinor condensate dynamics.
Engineered antifouling microtopographies – effect of feature size, geometry, and roughness on settlement of zoospores of the green alga Ulva

Abstract The effect of feature size, geometry, and roughness on the settlement of zoospores of the ship fouling alga Ulva was evaluated using engineered microtopographies in polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. The topographies studied were designed at a feature spacing of 2 μm and all significantly reduced spore settlement compared to a smooth surface. An indirect correlation between spore settlement and a newly described engineered roughness index (ERI) was identified. ERI is a dimensionless ratio based on Wenzel's roughness factor, depressed surface fraction, and the degree of freedom of spore movement. Uniform surfaces of either 2 μm diameter circular pillars (ERI = 5.0) or 2 μm wide ridges (ERI = 6.1) reduced settlement by 36% and 31%, respectively. A novel multi-feature topography consisting of 2 μm diameter circular pillars and 10 μm equilateral triangles (ERI = 8.7) reduced spore settlement by 58%. The largest reduction in spore settlement, 77%, was obtained with the Sharklet AF™ topography (ERI = 9.5).
A computational systems analysis of factors regulating α cell glucagon secretion

Glucagon, a peptide hormone secreted from the α-cells of the pancreatic islets, is critical for blood glucose homeostasis. We reviewed the literature and employed a computational systems analysis of intracellular metabolic and electrical regulation of glucagon secretion to better understand these processes. The mathematical model of α-cell metabolic parameters is based on our previous model for pancreatic β-cells. We also formulated an ionic model for action potentials that incorporates Ca2+, K+, Na+ and Cl- currents. Metabolic and ionic models are coupled to the equations describing Ca2+ homeostasis and glucagon secretion that depends on activation of specific voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Paracrine and endocrine regulations were analyzed with an emphasis on their effects on a hyperpolarization of membrane potential. This general model simulates and gives insight into the mechanisms of regulation of glucagon secretion under a wide range of experimental conditions. We also reviewed and analyzed dysfunctional mechanisms in α-cells to determine key pharmacological targets for modulating glucagon secretion in type 1 and 2 diabetes.
GreedyDual-Join: Locality-Aware Buffer Management for Approximate Join Processing Over Data Streams

We investigate adaptive buffer management techniques for approximate evaluation of sliding window joins over multiple data streams. In many applications, data stream processing systems have limited memory or have to deal with very high speed data streams. In both cases, computing the exact results of joins between these streams may not be feasible, mainly because the buffers used to compute the joins contain much smaller number of tuples than the tuples contained in the sliding windows. Therefore, a stream buffer management policy is needed in that case. We show that the buffer replacement policy is an important determinant of the quality of the produced results. To that end, we propose GreedyDual-Join (GDJ) an adaptive and locality-aware buffering technique for managing these buffers. GDJ exploits the temporal correlations (at both long and short time scales), which we found to be prevalent in many real data streams. We note that our algorithm is readily applicable to multiple data streams and multiple joins and requires almost no additional system resources. We report results of an experimental study using both synthetic and real-world data sets. Our results demonstrate the superiority and flexibility of our approach when contrasted to other recently proposed techniques.