Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing women’s participation in golf: a case study of organizational change

Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of the success factors and challenges associated with implementing a change initiative aimed at increasing women’s continued participation in golf. Drawing on an integrative model of organizational change as a framework, this study employed a case study approach using qualitative methods to examine one golf course’s change to existing women’s golf leagues. Data were collected through focus groups with club staff and participants in the golf league. Findings describe a process of innovation in response to political and functional pressures, a systematic effort to plan and sell a new vision, and the reasons behind the successful adoption by the members. This study has relevance for sport organizations tasked with increasing women’s participation. Caution, however, should be exercised in extrapolating the findings to all sport organizations as this is a single case study.
Sociosexuality, Morningness–Eveningness, and Sleep Duration

Morningness–eveningness is the preference for different times of day for activity and sleep. Here, we addressed the effects of sleep behavior and morningness–eveningness on sociosexuality. Three hundred students (M age = 22.75 years, with 95% between 18 and 28) participated online, answering questions about morningness–eveningness (rMEQ [Reduced Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire]), midpoint of sleep on free days (MSF), sleep duration, and the Sociosexuality Orientation Inventory–Revised (SOI-R). The SOI-R contains three subscales, Behavior, Attitude, and Desire. Evening orientation and short sleep duration were related to a higher total SOI-R and to the three subscales. Based on the linear models, the strongest effect on sociosexuality was produced by gender (27% explained variance) while age accounted for 6% of variance. Nonadditive variance explained by sleep–wake behavior was 7% (MSF), 4% (sleep duration), and 4% (rMEQ scores; 3% rMEQ-based typology). Older age was related to less-restricted sociosexuality, and men were less restricted than women in Attitude and Desire. Sleep duration and rMEQ scores were associated with Attitude and Desire; but only MSF was significantly related to Behavior. The data show that sleep–wake variables are associated with sociosexuality, with evening orientation and shorter sleep duration being related to a less-restricted sociosexuality.
Abnormal medial temporal activity for bound information during working memory maintenance in patients with schizophrenia

Alterations of binding in long‐term memory in schizophrenia are well established and occur as a result of aberrant activity in the medial temporal lobe (MTL). In working memory (WM), such a deficit is less clear and the pathophysiological bases remain unstudied. Seventeen patients with schizophrenia and 17 matched healthy controls performed a WM binding task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Binding was assessed by contrasting two conditions comprising an equal amount of verbal and spatial information (i.e., three letters and three spatial locations), but differing in the absence or presence of a link between them. In healthy controls, MTL activation was observed for encoding and maintenance of bound information but not for its retrieval. Between‐group comparisons revealed that patients with schizophrenia showed MTL hypoactivation during the maintenance phase only. In addition, BOLD signals correlated with behavioral performance in controls but not in patients with schizophrenia. Our results confirm the major role that the MTL plays in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Short‐term and long‐term relational memory deficits in schizophrenia may share common cognitive and functional pathological bases. Our results provide additional information about the episodic buffer that represents an integrative interface between WM and long‐term memory. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyberbullying Among Secondary School Students

In this study, the prevalence of cyber bullying among secondary school students in Bagcilar was investigated. The study was conducted with 231 students studying at 7 th and 8 th grades in a sample secondary school in Istanbul, Turkey. The data were obtained through "Cyber Bullying Scale" and "Cyber Victimization Scale"
Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms, Anemia, and Iron Status in Older Residents From a National Survey Population

Objective To investigate the association between iron deficiency status and depressive symptoms in a national community sample of older people. Methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 1875 participants 65 years and older who had participated in the 2005 Health Survey for England. Serum hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and transferrin receptor levels and depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale) had been measured. Covariates included age, sex, occupation, multivitamin intake, smoking status, body mass index, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. Results Depressive symptoms were associated with anemia (Hb <12.0 g/dL for women and <13.0 g/dL for men; present in 10.8%; odds ratio [OR] = 1.53 [95% confidence interval = 1.08–2.18]) after adjustment for age, sex, social class, multivitamin intake, smoking status, and body mass index, but this association was reduced substantially after further adjustment for physical health status (OR = 1.14). Low serum ferritin level (<45 ng/mL; present in 21.6%) was associated with depressive symptoms after full adjustment (OR = 1.37 [95% confidence interval = 1.03–1.81]). Linear models, however, revealed significant associations between higher number of depressive symptoms and lower Hb level and higher serum transferrin receptor level but not with ferritin levels. Conclusions Iron deficiency commonly co-occurs with depressive symptoms in older people, although the association with anemia is accounted for by physical health status and may primarily reflect anemia of chronic disease.
Second Language Instruction Does Make a Difference

A number of studies on second language (SL) instruction point to the hypothesis that instruction is effective, but determining the effect experimentally has been problematic. Overall, three difficulties with previous attempts to demonstrate a causal relationship between SL instruction and second language acquisition can be identified: (a) inappropriate or inadequate research design, (b) failure to operationalize or even to describe the instructional treatment, and (c) choice of SL assessment measures. This article presents the findings of a recent empirical study which (a) show that SL instruction is effective; (b) show that attention to form, either via detailed analysis of structure or highlighting of target language (TL) structures in context, promotes acquisition of interlanguage (IL) grammar, but that only the latter comes hand-in-hand with comprehension of input; and (c) replicate earlier findings suggesting an important role for markedness theory in instructed IL development.
The association of membrane frizzled-related protein (MFRP) gene with acute angle-closure glaucoma – a pilot study

Purpose The membrane frizzled-related protein (MFRP) has been proposed as a probable candidate gene for extreme hyperopia and nanophthalmos, which are factors for angle-closure glaucoma. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether there are significant associations between angle-closure glaucoma and sequence variants in the MFRP gene reported previously in Taiwanese subjects. Methods Genomic DNA was collected from 63 subjects with angle-closure glaucoma and 66 age-matched and gender-matched controls without angle-closure glaucoma. Three sequence variants were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing in all of the cases and controls. Results None of the three sequence variants showed a significant result in terms of association with disease. The pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping confirmed that these alleles have a comparatively strong LD index greater than 0.7 for D' and greater than 0.4 for r2 at these polymorphisms. However, we found there were no statistical associations between any of the three sequence variants located on MFRP and angle-closure glaucoma. Conclusions In our pilot study, variations that we tested in MFRP were not associated with the development of acute angle-closure glaucoma in Taiwanese subjects.
Reduction of common cold symptoms by encapsulated juice powder concentrate of fruits and vegetables: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Dietary supplements have been suggested in the prevention of the common cold, but previous investigations have been inconsistent. The present study was designed to determine the preventive effect of a dietary supplement from fruits and vegetables on common cold symptoms. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, healthcare professionals (mainly nursing staff aged 18–65 years) from a university hospital in Berlin, Germany, were randomised to four capsules of dietary supplement (Juice Plus+®) or matching placebo daily for 8 months, including a 2-month run-in period. The number of days with moderate or severe common cold symptoms within 6 months (primary outcome) was assessed by diary self-reports. We determined means and 95 % CI, and differences between the two groups were analysed by ANOVA. A total of 529 subjects were included into the primary analysis (Juice Plus+®: 263, placebo: 266). The mean age of the participants was 39·9 (sd 10·3) years, and 80 % of the participants were female. The mean number of days with moderate or severe common cold symptoms was 7·6 (95 % CI 6·5, 8·8) in the Juice Plus+® group and 9·5 (8·4, 10·6) in the placebo group (P = 0·023). The mean number of total days with any common cold symptoms was similar in the Juice Plus+® and in the placebo groups (29·4 (25·8, 33·0) v. 30·7 (27·1, 34·3), P = 0·616). Intake of a dietary supplement from fruits and vegetables was associated with a 20 % reduction of moderate or severe common cold symptom days in healthcare professionals particularly exposed to patient contact.
How do Native English-Speaking Teachers Perceive Co-teaching?

Co-teaching between a native English-speaking teacher (NEST) and a Korean English teacher (KET) has become a regular practice in English classrooms in Korea. Despite the significant role of NESTs in the current English education in Korea, not many studies have focused on the NESTs’ lived experiences and perception of co-teaching. The purpose of this study is to examine NESTs’ overall evaluation of co-teaching, their co-teaching experiences, and suggestions for better co-teaching. This study used questionnaires as the main source of data. Analysis of the data collected from 119 NESTs working at different school levels across the nation revealed that the NESTs generally viewed their co-teaching experiences positive and showed preference for co-teaching rather than solo-teaching. However, collaboration between the NESTs and the KETs did not take place as frequently and effectively as originally planned. This study identified various types of struggles that the NESTs were experiencing, such as no clear set of role expectations, difficulties in class management, communication problems, KETs’ low involvement in lesson planning and implementation, and conflicts in educational values. Based on the NESTs’ perception of co-teaching, the current study offers suggestions for better co-teaching.
METABOLISM OF HUMAN GAMMA MACROGLOBULINS.

The 18 S 7y-macroglobulins (y1m-or 832M-globu-lins) are antibody containing molecules which are present normally in all animal species that have been appropriately examined. In man, the 'y,-macroglobulins constitute about 7% of the total gamma globulin group and 1 to 2% of all serum protein. They differ from the more abundant 6.6 S y-globulins in being larger (mol wt about 1,000,000), in being unable to pass the placental barrier, and in having distinctive antigenic characteristics (1, 2). Antibodies such as the isohemag-glutinins, typhoid 0 antibodies, and cold aggluti-nins are predominantly in the y,-macroglobulin group. Infants respond principally with macro-globulin antibodies (3-5), and in adult animals and man the response to many (perhaps all) anti-gens normally passes through an early stage in which antibody activity is entirely limited to the 'yi-macroglobulins (6-9). The amount of gamma macroglobulin (and macroglobulin antibody) in the serum depends on the rate and duration of macroglobulin synthesis and on the rate of y1-macroglobulin removal and catabolism. Previous studies in animals (9, 10) and man (11-14) have indicated that y1-macroglobulins are catabolized more rapidly than 6.6 S y-globulins. Half-times of 2 to 3 days have been reported for normal human gamma macroglobulin (11), and half-times of 6.5 to 13 days have been found with macroglobulins obtained from patients with Wal-denstrom's macroglobulinemia (12, 13). In some of these studies (11), the methods used for isolating the 71-macroglobulin may have altered the protein and thus shortened the apparent survival. In other studies (12) where radioactive labeled amino acids were used in vivo, the apparent survival may have been spuriously prolonged due to persistent radioactivity in the precursor amino * acid pool. In none of the previous studies was it possible to calculate the rate of normal y1-macro-globulin synthesis. The present studies of normal 71-macroglobulin metabolism were undertaken when improved phys-icochemical methods made it possible to prepare purified and apparently unaltered normal 18 S y,-macroglobulin for turnover studies. The turnover of normal 71-macroglobulin was studied in normal subjects and in a variety of patients with diseases of the immunoglobulins. These included patients with congenital deficiency of 18 S y,-macroglobulin (agammaglobulinemia), patients with acquired deficiency (multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia), patients with protein losing gastroenteropathy, and patients with excessive quantities of serum macroglobulin (Wal-denstr6m's macroglobulinemia). The turnover of the patient's own anomalous macroglobulin was compared with that of normal y1-macroglobulin in three cases. As a result of these observations, some of the …
Dose-Dependent Efficacy and Safety Toxicology of Hydroxypyridinonate Actinide Decorporation Agents in Rodents: Towards a Safe and Effective Human Dosing Regimen

Two hydroxypyridinone-containing actinide decorporation agents, 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) and 5-LIO(Me-3,2-HOPO), are being developed for the treatment of internal actinide contamination by chelation therapy. Dose-response efficacy profiles in mice were established for the removal of intravenously injected 238Pu and 241Am after parenteral and oral treatment with these chelators. In both cases, presumed efficacious doses promoted substantially greater actinide elimination rates than the currently approved agent, diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid, considering two different interspecies scaling methods for the conversion of human doses to equivalent rodent dose levels. In addition, genotoxicity of both ligands was assessed using the Salmonella/Escherichia coli/microsome plate incorporation test and the Chinese hamster ovary cell chromosome aberration assay, showing that neither ligand is genotoxic, in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Finally, maximum tolerated dose studies were performed in rats for seven consecutive daily oral administrations with the chelators, confirming the safety of the presumed efficacious doses for 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) and 5-LIO(Me-3,2-HOPO). The results of these studies add to the growing body of evidence that both decorporation agents have remarkable decorporation efficacy properties and promising safety toxicology profiles. These results are necessary components of the regulatory approval process and will help determine the optimal human dosing regimens for the treatment of internal radionuclide contamination.
Marijuana Intoxication, Psi and Spiritual Experienc es

General social beliefs that are acquired and operat e in our ordinary state of consciousness usually de ny the reality of psychic phenomena and thereby probably inhibit psychic functioning. Anecdotal reports, however, sugges t that ostensibly paranormal phenomena often occur in association with altered states of consciousness. This study focuses on the altered state of marijuana intoxication. A ques tionnaire study of 150 experienced marijuana users found that 76% believed in ESP, with frequent reports of experienc es while intoxicated that were interpreted as psych ic. Sixty nine percent reported that they had experienced telepath y while intoxicated, 32% reported precognition and 13% reported psychokinesis. Fifty percent had experienced seeing auras around people and 44% reported out-of-the-bo dy experiences. These findings suggest that marijuana, used under the proper psychological conditions, mi ght facilitate the manifestation of psi. No studies are known in which ESP performance was tested under laboratory conditions while percipients were intoxicated with marijuana, but a 1975 study (Tart, 1975; 1976) found a positive corr elation between laboratory ESP scoring and frequency of marijuana use outside the laboratory in a student population. This study also found a negative correlation between ESP scoring an d frequency of alcohol use in everyday life. A 1977 laboratory study (Tart, 1977) failed to confirm these findings . Differences between the studies are discussed, as is the importance of the ostensible paranormality of various experien ces associated with marijuana intoxication on belie f systems, irregardless of whether such experiences are actual ly paranormal.
Stable Modality-Specific Activity Flows As Reflected by the Neuroenergetic Approach to the fMRI Weighted Maps

This article uses the ideas of neuroenergetic and neural field theories to detect stimulation-driven energy flows in the brain during face and auditory word processing. In this analysis, energy flows are thought to create the stable gradients of the fMRI weighted summary images. The sources, from which activity spreads in the brain during face processing, were detected in the occipital cortex. The following direction of energy flows in the frontal cortex was described: the right inferior frontal = >the left inferior frontal = >the triangular part of the left inferior frontal cortex = >the left operculum. In the left operculum, a localized circuit was described. For auditory word processing, the sources of activity flows were detected bilaterally in the middle superior temporal regions, they were also detected in the left posterior superior temporal cortex. Thus, neuroenergetic assumptions may give a novel perspective for the analysis of neuroimaging data.
Effect of different levels of rapeseed meal and sunflower meal and enzyme combination on the performance, digesta viscosity and carcass traits of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets

The aim of the present experiment was to examine the effect of different levels of rapeseed meal (RSM) and sunflower meal (SFM) and enzyme combination (endoxylanase and β-glucanase) on the production performance, carcass quality, gizzard development and digesta viscosity of broiler chickens. The experimental design was a 3×2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating three diet types containing different levels of RSM and SFM (low (L), medium (M) and high (H)) and two levels of enzyme inclusion (0 or 100 g/tonne diet to provide 1220 U xylanase and 152 U β-glucanase per kg diet). Broiler starter and grower/finisher diets were formulated, based on wheat and soya bean meal and containing 50, 50 and 80 g/kg RSM and 0, 50 and 60 g/kg SFM for L, M and H treatments, respectively, during starter period and 80, 80 and 120 g/kg RSM and 0, 80 and 100 g/kg SFM for L, M and H, respectively, during grower/finisher period, and each diet was fed ad libitum to eight pens of 20 male broilers each. During the starter period (1 to 21 days), birds fed the H treatment had lower (P<0.05) BW gain (BWG) compared with those fed the L and M treatments. Diet type also influenced (P<0.05) feed intake (FI). Feeding the H treatment reduced (P<0.05) FI compared with the M treatment. Diet type and enzyme supplementation had no effect (P>0.05) on feed conversion ratio (FCR). During the grower/finisher phase (22 to 42 day) and over the entire period (1 to 42 day) birds fed the H treatment had lower (P<0.05) BWG and higher (P<0.05) FCR compared with those fed the L and M diets. Enzyme supplementation improved (P<0.05) FCR compared with the unsupplemented diets. No interactions (P>0.05) between RSM and SFM inclusion level and enzyme supplementation were observed for any of the measured parameters at any period. Diet type and enzyme supplementation had no effect (P>0.05) on carcass traits, abdominal fat pad, breast meat yield and jejunal digesta viscosity. Diet type influenced (P=0.05) relative empty gizzard weight, where the H treatment had higher relative empty gizzard weight compared with the L treatment. Enzyme supplementation tended (P=0.10) to increase relative empty gizzard weight. The present data suggest that high inclusion of SFM and RSM negatively influenced broiler performance. Enzyme supplementation improved FCR at all levels of RSM and SFM included in this study, but did not recover the reduction in weight gain caused by high inclusion of RSM and SFM.
Psychopathy and Physiological Detection of Concealed Information: A review

The Concealed Information Test has been advocated as the preferred method for deception detection using the polygraph ("lie detector"). The Concealed Information Test is argued to be a standardised, highly accurate psychophysiological test founded on the orienting reflex. The validity of polygraph tests for the assessment of psychopathic individuals has, however, been questioned. Two dimensions are said to underlie psychopathy: emotional detachment and antisocial behaviour. Distinct psychophysiological correlates are hypothesised in these facets of psychopathy. Emotional detachment is associated with deficient fear-potentiated startle, and antisocial behaviour with reduced orienting. Few studies have examined the effect of psychopathy on the validity of the Concealed Information Test. This review suggests that reduced orienting in high antisocial individuals is also found in the Concealed Information Test, thereby threatening its validity. Implications for criminal investigations, possible solutions and directions for future research will be discussed.