Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No evidence of a correlation between BCL10 expression and API2‐MALT1 gene rearrangement in ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma

In the present study, 62 cases of ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disorders were reviewed clinicopathologically. Of them, 51 were extranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (MALT lymphoma), five were diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), one was peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, one was NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, and four were reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. These lymphoma cases showed a favorable clinical course and localized disease, except for the case of NK/T cell lymphoma, although 19 cases (32.8%) had a recurrence of disease. To clarify the correlation between BCL10 protein expression and API2–MALT1 gene rearrangement, the 51 cases of MALT lymphoma and 5 cases of DLBCL were analyzed by immunohistochemical and RT‐PCR methods. Nuclear BCL10 expression was identified in 58% of MALT lymphoma cases, but not in any DLBCL cases. There was no evidence of a correlation between aberrant nuclear BCL10 expression and the clinical parameters examined in the present study. API2–MALT1 transcription was not demonstrated in either the MALT lymphoma cases or the DLBCL cases studied using a multiplex one‐tube reverse transcriptase‐PCR method. These findings indicate that the nuclear expression of BCL10 is unlikely to correlate with the API2‐MALT1 fusion gene in ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma.
Appropriate Use and Regulatory Control of Benzodiazepines

A nxiety, panic disorders, and insomnia are prevalent in the United States. Survey data from the National Institutes of Mental Health indicate that more than 12 million persons are afflicted.1-6 Pharmacologic intervention is one approach to the treatment of anxiety and sleep disorders. For centuries, patients have relied on using alcohol and patent medicines, and through 1960, barbiturates and meprobamate. In 1960, chlodiazepoxide, the first of the benzodiazepines, became available for the treatment of anxiety, soon followed by other related compounds including diazepam. In subsequent years, clinical experience with the benzodiazepines in the United States and elsewhere in the world became increasingly extensive, and the drug class likewise was the focus of numerous clinical and experimental studies.7’3 The emerging data base established several scientific principles. First, the anxiolytic efficacy of the benzodiazepines was clearly superior to placebo, and in many studies also superior to barbiturates or meprobamate.7 Second, the potential hazards of benzodiazepines in the context of intentional overdosage were clearly less than those of barbiturates or meprobamate.132#{176} Third, unlike the barbiturates, the b#{232}nzodiazepines did not posses clinically evident hepatic enzyme-inducing properties, and therefore were not a hazard to cause drug interactions by this mechanism.7 Attributable in part to this scientific and medical consensus, which remains essentially unchanged to the present, benzodiazepines largely replaced barbiturates and meprobamate as pharmacologic treatment for anxiety and sleep disorders. From 1973 to 1975-the years of peak benzodiazepine use-the yearly number of prescriptions dispensed in American retail pharmacies exceeded 80 million. During this time,
Do We Need to Consider the Individual Auditor when Discussing Auditor Independence

Casual observation indicates that partners in accounting firms occasionally select actions which expose their firms to great risk. A model illustrates conditions when a partner may have incentive to associate with a client whose expected value to the accounting firm is negative. The potential for this apparent goal incongruence exists when a partner′s benefits from a specific client exceed his/her ownership share of the engagement′s profits.
Reactive Oxygen Species and Epidermal Growth Factor Are Antagonistic Cues Controlling SHP-2 Dimerization

ABSTRACT The SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase plays key regulatory roles in the modulation of the cell response to growth factors and cytokines. Over the past decade, the integration of genetic, biochemical, and structural data has helped in interpreting the pathological consequences of altered SHP-2 function. Using complementary approaches, we provide evidence here that endogenous SHP-2 can dimerize through the formation of disulfide bonds that may also involve the catalytic cysteine. We show that the fraction of dimeric SHP-2 is modulated by growth factor stimulation and by the cell redox state. Comparison of the phosphatase activities of the monomeric self-inhibited and dimeric forms indicated that the latter is 3-fold less active, thus pointing to the dimerization process as an additional mechanism for controlling SHP-2 activity. Remarkably, dimers formed by different SHP-2 mutants displaying diverse biochemical properties were found to respond differently to epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Although this differential behavior cannot be rationalized mechanistically yet, these findings suggest a possible regulatory role of dimerization in SHP-2 function.
RELATIONSHIP OF THE MET ALLELE OF THE BRAIN‐DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR VAL66MET POLYMORPHISM TO MEMORY AFTER ANEURYSMAL SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE

OBJECTIVEThe brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism has been shown to be related to variability in episodic memory. We studied whether the Met allele is associated with poor learning and memory in survivors of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODSNinety-six patients were examined with a neuropsychological test battery approximately 1 year after SAH. Their deoxyribonucleic acid samples were genotyped for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. The Met carriers were compared to the Val/Val homozygous patients on the test performances. RESULTSIn the total sample, there was no difference between the genotype groups. However, among the patients with no cerebral infarction, the Met carriers had inferior learning and memory performance than the Val/Val homozygotes, but the groups did not differ on the nonmemory test performances. The patients with left and bilateral infarctions had deficits in verbal memory, which may have concealed the effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on memory in the total sample. CONCLUSIONAs a whole, the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was not associated with learning and memory performance in patients recovering from SAH. However, the Met allele might predict poor memory function among patients with SAH not complicated by a cerebral infarction. These findings support earlier reports of an association between the Met allele and low memory performance. Longitudinal studies comparing functional recovery from SAH between Met and Val/Val patients without cerebral infarctions are warranted.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: May Mimic Adnexal Mass

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs occur in the entire gastrointestinal tract and may also arise from the retroperitoneum, omentum and mesenteries. They are originated from gastrointestinal pacemaker cells (Cajal’s interstitial cells) and range from benign tumors to sarcomas at all sites of occurrence. Diagnosis of GIST could be deceptive because of their similarity in appearance to gynecological neoplasms. We would like to present a case of a woman with GIST in the small intestine giving a imprint of an adnexal mass was diagnosed correctly during surgery. The diagnosis and treatment of GIST has been reformed over the past years. It is crucial to separate GISTs from possible misdiagnosis because their prognosis and treatment could be unlike clearly. The purpose of this case is to evaluate this rarely seen clinical entity, and thus, make some contribution to the literature.
Acylation of the Lipooligosaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae and Colonization: an htrB Mutation Diminishes the Colonization of Human Airway Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT Haemophilus influenzae is a commensal and opportunistic pathogen of the human airways. A number of surface molecules contribute to colonization of the airways by H. influenzae, such as adhesins, including structures found in the lipooligosaccharide (LOS). A human bronchiolar xenograft model was employed to investigate the host-bacterial interactions involved in the colonization of the airway by H. influenzae. Differential display was used to identify H. influenzae mRNA that reflect genes which were preferentially expressed in the xenograft compared to growth. Eleven mRNA fragments had consistent increased expression when the bacteria grew in xenografts. On sequencing these fragments, eight open reading frames were identified. Three of these had no match in the NCBI or the TIGR database, while an additional three were homologous to genes involved in heme or iron acquisition and utilization: two of the mRNAs encoded proteins homologous to enzymes involved in LOS biosynthesis: a heptosyl transferase (rfaF) involved in the synthesis of the LOS core and a ketodeoxyoctonate phosphate-dependent acyltransferase (htrB) that performs one of the late acylation reactions in lipid A synthesis. Inoculation of human bronchiolar xenografts revealed a significant reduction in colonization capacity by htrB mutants. In vitro, htrB mutants elicited lesser degrees of cytoskeletal rearrangement and less stimulation of host cell signaling with 16HBE14o− cells and decreased intracellular survival. These results implicate acylation of H. influenzae lipid A as playing a key role in the organisms' colonization of the normal airway.
Acquiring and Participating in the Use of Academic Spanish: Four Novice Latina Bilingual Education Teachers' Stories

This article presents 4 U.S.-born Latinas'stories regarding their academic Spanish language proficiency development. The stories are examined in light of various factors that influence the development of bilingualism and biliteracy. Each story reveals a sense of struggle to become a participant in the community of academic Spanish language users. Their struggle, however, is tied to institutional constraints, specifically schooling, where access to academic Spanish ought to take place. Educational policy and practice governing Spanish-English bilingualism and biliteracy for this segment of the bilingual education teacher pipeline is at best incidentalandatworst linguicist. Key words: novice Latina bilingual education teachers' stories
Schizotypal personality and obsessive compulsive disorder

There has been considerable debate with respect to the relationship between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and psychotic phenomena. In the present study, a large sample of subjects suffering from OCD completed a self report instrument of features associated with Schizotypal Personality Disorder. A systematic and positive relationship was found between the presence of schizotypal features and OCD, independent of the effects of depression and anxiety. Moreover, consistent with previous experimental work, the presence of schizotypal features predicted the presence of obsessional phenomena attributable to reduced cognitive inhibition. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absolute Effect of Prostate Cancer Screening: Balance of Benefits and Harms by Center within the European Randomized Study of Prostate Cancer Screening

Purpose: The balance of benefits and harms in prostate cancer screening has not been sufficiently characterized. We related indicators of mortality reduction and overdetection by center within the European Randomized Study of Prostate Cancer Screening (ERSPC). Experimental Design: We analyzed the absolute mortality reduction expressed as number needed to invite (NNI = 1/absolute risk reduction; indicating how many men had to be randomized to screening arm to avert a prostate cancer death) for screening and the absolute excess of prostate cancer detection as number needed for overdetection (NNO = 1/absolute excess incidence; indicating the number of men invited per additional prostate cancer case), and compared their relationship across the seven ERSPC centers. Results: Both absolute mortality reduction (NNI) and absolute overdetection (NNO) varied widely between the centers: NNI, 200–7,000 and NNO, 16–69. Extent of overdiagnosis and mortality reduction was closely associated [correlation coefficient, r = 0.76; weighted linear regression coefficient, β = 33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 5–62; R2 = 0.72]. For an averted prostate cancer death at 13 years of follow-up, 12 to 36 excess cases had to be detected in various centers. Conclusions: The differences between the ERSPC centers likely reflect variations in prostate cancer incidence and mortality, as well as in screening protocol and performance. The strong interrelation between the benefits and harms suggests that efforts to maximize the mortality effect are bound to increase overdiagnosis and might be improved by focusing on high-risk populations. The optimal balance between screening intensity and risk of overdiagnosis remains unclear. Clin Cancer Res; 22(1); 243–9. ©2015 AACR.
Specific Ways Brain SPECT Imaging Enhances Clinical Psychiatric Practice

Abstract Our objective was to ascertain in a prospective case series how often brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) neuroimaging adds relevant information for diagnosis and/or treatment beyond current standard assessment tools in complex psychiatric cases. Charts of 109 consecutively evaluated outpatients from four psychiatrics clinics that routinely utilize SPECT imaging for complex cases were analyzed in two stages. In stage one, psychiatrists reviewed detailed clinical histories, mental status exams, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, but not the results of SPECT studies, assigned a diagnosis based on DSM-IV criteria, and then developed a comprehensive treatment plan. In stage two, evaluators were given access to the SPECT studies for each patient. The addition of SPECT modified the diagnosis or treatment plan in 78.9% (n = 86; rated level 2 or 3 change) of cases. The most clinically significant changes were undetected brain trauma (22.9%), toxicity patterns (22.9%) and the need for a structural imaging study (9.2%). Specific functional abnormalities were seen as follows that potentially could impact treatment: temporal lobe dysfunction (66.1%) and prefrontal hypoperfusion (47.7%). SPECT has the potential to add clinically meaningful information to enhance patient care beyond current assessment tools in complex or treatment resistant cases.
Expanding Role of T Cells in Human Autoimmune Diseases of the Central Nervous System

It is being increasingly recognized that a dysregulation of the immune system plays a vital role in neurological disorders and shapes the treatment of the disease. Aberrant T cell responses, in particular, are key in driving autoimmunity and have been traditionally associated with multiple sclerosis. Yet, it is evident that there are other neurological diseases in which autoreactive T cells have an active role in pathogenesis. In this review, we report on the recent progress in profiling and assessing the functionality of autoreactive T cells in central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disorders that are currently postulated to be primarily T cell driven. We also explore the autoreactive T cell response in a recently emerging group of syndromes characterized by autoantibodies against neuronal cell-surface proteins. Common methodology implemented in T cell biology is further considered as it is an important determinant in their detection and characterization. An improved understanding of the contribution of autoreactive T cells expands our knowledge of the autoimmune response in CNS disorders and can offer novel methods of therapeutic intervention.
Psychological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: an overview

There is a growing research literature on the psychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. This paper provides an overview and an evaluation of this research. The focus is mainly on cognitive-behavioural interventions, as they are the most widely studied and they have a sound evidence base. Other forms of psychological therapy are also considered. Some general issues pertaining to treatment efficacy are also discussed.
Event mappings for comparing formal frameworks for narratives

We present a technique called event mapping that allows to project text representations into event lists , produce an event table , and derive quantitative conclusions to compare the text representations. The main application of the technique is the case where two classes of text representations have been collected in two di ff erent settings (e.g., as annotations in two di ff erent formal frameworks) and we can compare the two classes with respect to their systematic di ff erences in the event table. We illustrate how the technique works by applying it to data collected in two experiments (one using annotations in Vladimir Propp’s framework, the other using natural language summaries).
Character Development in Business Education: A Comparison of Coeducational and Single-Sex Environments

This study questions the widely held assumption, particularly in the United States, that coeducation is best. Previous research supports the development of single-sex education for both female and male students. This study examines how the learning climate of the coeducation environment seems to affect the character development of female business students. Female business students from 11 single-sex colleges (secular and religious) perceived more reinforcement in 13 of 21 character traits than female (and male) students in 3 coeducational institutions. Several of these character traits are related to ethical behavior, such as honesty, compassion, and independence, and are sorely needed in the workplace. Improved ethics education may enable women to play a larger role in avoiding future ethical crises.
Promoting Positive Interactions in the Classroom: Adapting Parent-Child Interaction Therapy as a Universal Prevention Program

The adaptation of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), an empirically-supported dyadic parent training intervention, to a preschool setting may provide an opportunity to enhance the well-being of both teachers and children by improving the teacher-child relationship and supplying teachers with effective tools for behavior management. The current article describes the development and implementation of a Teacher-Child Interaction Training (TCIT) program, based on the PCIT model, to a preschool setting serving primarily low-income, urban, ethnic minority youth. We discuss the rationale for applying PCIT as a prevention program, prior research on adaptations of PCIT to educational settings, application of community psychology principles and strategies in adapting PCIT to the classroom, core TCIT program components, evaluation of effectiveness, issues in sustainability, and resources for successfully implementing the program.
Do Onboarding Programs Work?

Open source software systems rely on community source code contributions to fix bugs and develop new features. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to become an effective contributor on open-source projects due to the complexity of the tools required to develop and test new patches and the challenge of breaking into an already-formed social organization. To help new contributors learn their development practices, OSS projects have created on boarding programs that, for example, identify easy 'first bugs' and mentor new developers' contributions. However, we found that developers who join an organization through these programs are half as likely to transition into long-term community members than developers who do not use these programs. Measuring the impact of these programs is important, as coordinating and staffing on boarding projects is expensive. This paper examines on boarding programs employed by Mozilla and demonstrates that they are not as effective at transitioning new developers into long-term contributors as might be hoped, although developers who do succeed through these programs find them valuable.
ANTXR-1 and -2 independent modulation of a cytotoxicity mediated by anthrax toxin in human cells

Several animal models have shown that anthrax toxin (ATX) elicits a cytotoxic effect on host cells through anthrax toxin receptor (ANTXR) function. In this study, compared with mouse cells, cells obtained from humans exhibited low sensitivity to ATX-mediated cytotoxicity, and the sensitivity was not correlated with expression levels of ANTXRs. ATX treatment also induced a cytotoxic effect in other cultured human cells, human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, that express ANTXRs at undetectable levels. Furthermore, ectopic expression of ANTXRs in HEK293 cells did not affect the sensitivity to ATX treatment. These findings suggest that there is an ANTXR-independent cytotoxic mechanism in human cells.
IKKβ acts as a tumor suppressor in cancer-associated fibroblasts during intestinal tumorigenesis

Pallangyo et al. report that fibroblast-specific IKKβ deletion in Col1a2Cre-ERT2 mice promotes AOM/DSS-induced intestinal tumorigenesis, suggesting a tumor suppressor role for this kinase. In contrast, a companion study by Koliaraki et al. based on IKKβ deletion in ColVI-expressing intestinal mesenchymal cells suggests a role for IKKβ in promoting intestinal tumorigenesis. The two studies raise the awareness that in the context of tumorigenesis, IKKβ/NF-κB may have distinct functions in different fibroblast subpopulations.
Myristoylated Alanine-rich C Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) Produces Reversible Inhibition of Phospholipase C by Sequestering Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate in Lateral Domains*

The myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS) is a major protein kinase C (PKC) substrate in many different cell types. MARCKS is bound to the plasma membrane, and several recent studies suggest that this binding requires both hydrophobic insertion of its myristate chain into the bilayer and electrostatic interaction of its cluster of basic residues with acidic lipids. Phosphorylation of MARCKS by PKC introduces negative charges into the basic cluster, reducing its electrostatic interaction with acidic lipids and producing translocation of MARCKS from membrane to cytoplasm. The present study shows that physiological concentrations of MARCKS (<10 μM) inhibit phospholipase C (PLC)-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in phospholipid vesicles. A peptide corresponding to the basic cluster, MARCKS(151-175), produces a similar inhibition, which was observed with both PLC-δ1 and -β1. Direct fluorescence microscopy observations demonstrate that the MARCKS peptide forms lateral domains enriched in the acidic lipids phosphatidylserine and PIP2 but not PLC, which accounts for the observed inhibition of PIP2 hydrolysis. Phosphorylation of MARCKS(151-175) by PKC releases the inhibition and allows PLC to produce a burst of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol.
Understanding the ergonomic constraints in designing for touch surfaces

While most current interactive surfaces use only the position of the finger on the surface as the input source, previous work suggests using the finger orientation for enriching the input space. Thus, an understanding of the physiological restrictions of the hand is required to build effective interactive techniques that use finger orientation. We conducted a study to derive the ergonomic constraints for using finger orientation as an effective input source. In a controlled experiment, we systematically manipulated finger pitch and yaw while performing a touch action. Participants were asked to rate the feasibility of the touch action. We found that finger pitch and yaw do significantly affect perceived feasibility and 21.1% of the touch actions were perceived as impossible to perform. Our results show that the finger yaw input space can be divided into the comfort and non-comfort zones. We further present design considerations for future interfaces using finger orientation.