Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gastric polyps and polypoid lesions: Retrospective analysis of 36650 endoscopic procedures in 29940 patients.

BACKGROUND/AIMS The frequency of gastric polyps increases with the widespread use of endoscopy for diagnosis and treatment. As gastric polyps can be malignant or premalignant, histopathological evaluation is needed. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and characteristics of gastric polyps in patients undergoing endoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study consisted of a retrospective analysis of 36650 consecutive endoscopy and associated pathology reports of 29940 patients between December 2005 and February 2012 in a tertiary-referral center. RESULTS Gastric polypoid lesions were detected in 666 (2.22%) patients. Hyperplastic polyps were the most common type of polyps (36.2%), followed by fundic gland polyps (8.3%), inflammatory fibroid polyps (2.4%) and adenomatous polyps (1.9%). Foveolar hyperplasia, neuroendocrine tumor, xanthoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, adenocarcinoma and lymphoma were less commonly seen. Malignant transformation was seen in 0.42% of hyperplastic polyps and in 23.1% of adenomatous polyps. CONCLUSION Endoscopic appearance of gastric polyps can be variable, distinguishing macroscopically can be misleading. Because of their malignant potential histopathological evaluation is mandatory and polypectomy should be performed whenever possible.
Efficient and Scalable Socware Detection in Online Social Networks

Online social networks (OSNs) have become the new vector for cybercrime, and hackers are finding new ways to propagate spam and malware on these platforms, which we refer to as socware. As we show here, socware cannot be identified with existing security mechanisms (e.g., URL blacklists), because it exploits different weaknesses and often has different intentions. In this paper, we present MyPageKeeper, a Facebook application that we have developed to protect Facebook users from socware. Here, we present results from the perspective of over 12K users who have installed MyPageKeeper and their roughly 2.4 million friends. Our work makes three main contributions. First, to enable protection of users at scale, we design an efficient socware detection method which takes advantage of the social context of posts. We find that our classifier is both accurate (97% of posts flagged by it are indeed socware and it incorrectly flags only 0.005% of benign posts) and efficient (it requires 46 ms on average to classify a post). Second, we show that socware significantly differs from traditional email spam or web-based malware. For example, website blacklists identify only 3% of the posts flagged by MyPageKeeper, while 26% of flagged posts point to malicious apps and pages hosted on Facebook (which no current antivirus or blacklist is designed to detect). Third, we quantify the prevalence of socware by analyzing roughly 40 million posts over four months; 49% of our users were exposed to at least one socware post in this period. Finally, we identify a new type of parasitic behavior, which we refer to as "Like-as-a-Service", whose goal is to artificially boost the number of "Likes" of a Facebook page.
Balancing Flexibility—Meeting the Interests of Employer and Employee

Flexibility is a difficult concept because it is used in a number of different contexts, both in the world of work and in the political arena. It is advocated by some political leaders, business gurus, and employers as the necessary condition for the survival of national labour markets in a fast-moving world of growing global competition. It is also seen as the necessary response at the workplace to these selfsame volatile business conditions. Others, especially trade union leaders, reject the benefits claimed for flexibility, seeing it as a means to cut wage costs and increase employment insecurity. Getting beyond the rhetoric, is it possible to see flexible work arrangements achieving mutual advantage to employers and employees? This article suggests that it is possible to do this, but only through employers understanding the different needs of their individual employees; the workforce for its part has to understand the business imperatives behind the need for change. A “dealing” process is outlined to .
Local Distribution and Subsequent Mobility of Immigrants Measured from the School Census in England

This paper provides an examination of the initial location of recent pupil immigrants in England and their subsequent internal migration and emigration. The unique analysis is conducted using data from the School Census, with a focus on migrants from A8 countries between 2003 and 2007. Recent pupil immigrants, including A8 migrants, initially concentrate in London, though A8 pupil immigrants are much more geographically dispersed than all other pupil immigrants. Overall, pupil immigrants are highly geographically mobile in the short period following their arrival. This may reflect an inability to select appropriate housing and environments when families first arrive because they are limited to low-cost private housing. A8 pupil immigrants, in particular, have tended to move away from the areas where they are initially concentrated through internal migration. On average, 10% of all pupil immigrants are also identified as emigrants in the period between 2004 and 2007, suggesting that permanent settlement in England is not the experience for many immigrant families. These findings contribute to policy-based migration research indicating where resources to assist immigrant groups should be directed and whether, as a result of subsequent dispersal, resources will need to be redistributed as immigrants move within England and beyond.
Just-in-Time Video Laryngoscopy Versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Neonatal Intubation

As neonatal endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a low-frequency, high-consequence event, it is essential that providers have access to resources to aid in ETI. We sought to determine the impact of video laryngoscopy (VL) with just-in-time training on intubation outcomes over direct laryngoscopy (DL) when performed by neonatal nurses. We conducted a prospective, randomized, crossover study with neonatal nurses employed at a level 2 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Nurses performed both DL and VL on a neonatal mannequin using a CMAC (Karl Storz Corp, Tuttlingen, Germany) either with the assistance of the screen (VL) or without (DL). Before performing the intubation, providers were given a just-in-time, brief education presentation and allowed to practice with the device. Each ETI attempt was reviewed to obtain the percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score, time to intubation (TTI, time from insertion of the blade into the mouth until the first breath was delivered), and time from blade insertion until the best POGO score. We enrolled 19 participants, with a median (interquartile range) of 20 (9-26) years of experience and having a median of 2 (1-3) intubations within the past year. None had used VL in the NICU previously. Median TTI did not differ between DL and VL: 19.9 (15.3-41.5) vs 20.3 (17.9-24.4) (P = 1). POGO scores and the number of attempts also did not differ between DL and VL. In our simulated setting, just-in-time VL training provided similar intubation outcomes compared with DL in ETI performed by neonatal nurses. Just-in-time VL education may be an alternative to traditional DL for neonatal intubations.
Development of a dot blot assay with antibodies to recombinant “core” 14-3-3 protein: Evaluation of its usefulness in diagnosis of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

Background and Purpose: Definitive diagnosis of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) requires demonstration of infective prion protein (PrPSc) in brain tissues by immunohistochemistry or immunoblot, making antemortem diagnosis of CJD difficult. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends detection of 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cases of dementia, with clinical correlation, as a useful diagnostic marker for CJD, obviating the need for brain biopsy.This facility is currently available in only a few specialized centers in the West and no commercial kit is available for clinical diagnostic use in India. Hence the objective of this study was to develop an in-house sensitive assay for quantitation of 14-3-3 protein and to evaluate its diagnostic potential to detect 14-3-3 proteins in CSF as a biomarker in suspected cases of CJD. Materials and Methods: A minigene expressing the “core” 14-3-3 protein was synthesized by overlapping polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the recombinant protein was produced by employing a bacterial expression system. Polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbit against the purified recombinant protein were used for developing a dot blot assay with avidin-biotin technology for signal amplification and quantitation of 14-3-3 protein in CSF. Results: The results in the present study suggest the diagnostic potential of the dot blot method with about 10-fold difference (P< 0.001) in the CSF levels of 14-3-3 protein between the CJD cases (N= 50) and disease controls (N= 70). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the results suggested an optimal cutoff value of 2 ng/mL. Conclusions: We have developed an indigenous, economical, and sensitive dot blot method for the quantitation of 14-3-3 protein in CSF.
The National Research Foundation and priorities for critical research

Abstract Editor's note: The following article is the final section of a ‘thought paper’ entitled ‘Contexts, comparison and critical research’ prepared for the National Research Foundation (NRF), the main state-funded agency supporting academic research in the natural and social sciences. It is included here as part of our ongoing debate on how to strengthen South African sociology, and we welcome responses in the form of publishable letters. The full paper, which was one of a number commissioned by the NRF, is available from the author. At present, NRF research funding is structured around nine inter-disciplinary ‘focus areas’, including one called ‘Challenge of Globalisation: Perspectives from the Global South,’ which the author was involved developing.
OFDMA femtocells: A self-organizing approach for frequency assignment

This work presents 2 novel approaches for the self-organization of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) femtocells, in which the femtocell is able to dynamically sense the air interface and tune its sub-channel allocation in order to reduce inter-cell interference and enhance system capacity. In the sensing phase, these techniques make use of either messages broadcast by the femtocells or measurements reported by the users, while in the tuning phase, they provide a good solution for the frequency assignment problem. Results shows that it is recommend to use information collected at the user position (measurement reports), when devising self-organization algorithms for tuning the parameters of femtocells.
SACS-Self-maintaining database of antibody crystal structure information

MOTIVATION The rapid increase in the number of structures in the Protein Databank (PDB) makes it difficult to find all structures in a given protein class. Automatically-maintained web-based summaries are one solution to this problem. RESULTS Summary of Antibody Crystal Structures (SACS), a self-maintaining web-site containing summary information on antibody structures in the PDB, is described. Mirrored PDB data are processed automatically using a Make-based system to identify new antibody structures. The PDB header records and sequence data are then parsed to identify a number of features of the structure and the data are stored using eXtensible Markup Language (XML). eXtensible Stylesheet Language: Transformations (XSLT), a new style sheet language for XML, is used to generate Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) pages containing either a one-line summary of every structure or a more detailed page describing a single antibody.
The dynamic distribution of fluoro-gold and its interrelation with neural nitric oxide synthase following intracerebroventricular injection into rat brain

We mapped the dynamic distribution of fluoro-gold (FG) within rat brain following intracerebroventricular (icv) injection into the lateral ventricle and observed its interrelation with neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) using FG fluorescent microphotography combined with nNOS immunohistochemistry. We also detected the amount of icv administered FG entering the peripheral circulation using a fluorescence microplate assay. The degree of periventricular penetration of FG was significantly increased over time. At 2 min after icv injection, FG primarily labeled the choroid plexus in the lateral and third ventricles, with limited penetration into the ependyma and the subependyma of the same ventricles. Some FG/nNOS-double labeled cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons were observed in these ventricles as well. At 15 and 30 min, FG penetrated mainly into forebrain ventricular organs and parenchymal structures. Many FG/nNOS double labeled neurons were found at each of these sites. In addition, at 30 min intense FG labeling was found in the hypophysis, while limited periventricular penetration of FG was detected in the hindbrain circumventricular areas. In the peripheral circulation, a low concentration of FG was detected 2 min after icv injection. The concentration increased slowly, peaked at 20 min, then gradually decreased until the end of the experiment at 30 min. These findings indicate that dynamic penetration of icv administrated agents into the periventricular tissues and peripheral circulation should be considered when designing icv experiments.
The Role of TPA I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G Polymorphisms in Multiple Sclerosis

Background. Previous studies have shown impaired fibrinolysis in multiple sclerosis (MS) and implicated extracellular proteolytic enzymes as important factors in demyelinating neuroinflammatory disorders. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) are key molecules in both fibrinolysis and extracellular proteolysis. In the present study, an association of the TPA Alu I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms with MS was analyzed within the Genomic Network for Multiple Sclerosis (GENoMS). Methods. The GENoMS includes four populations (Croatian, Slovenian, Serbian, and Bosnian and Herzegovinian) sharing the same geographic location and a similar ethnic background. A total of 885 patients and 656 ethnically matched healthy blood donors with no history of MS in their families were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. Results. TPA DD homozygosity was protective (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.63–0.99, P = 0.037) and PAI 5G5G was a risk factor for MS (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.66, P = 0.038). A significant effect of the genotype/carrier combination was detected in 5G5G/I carriers (OR = 1.39 95% CI 1.06–1.82, P = 0.017). Conclusions. We found a significantly harmful effect of the combination of the PAI-1 5G/5G genotype and TPA I allele on MS susceptibility, which indicates the importance of gene-gene interactions in complex diseases such as MS.
The legacy of harvest and fire on ecosystem carbon storage in a north temperate forest

Forest harvesting and wildfire were widespread in the upper Great Lakes region of North America during the early 20th century. We examined how long this legacy of disturbance constrains forest carbon (C) storage rates by quantifying C pools and fluxes after harvest and fire in a mixed deciduous forest chronosequence in northern lower Michigan, USA. Study plots ranged in age from 6 to 68 years and were created following experimental clear‐cut harvesting and fire disturbance. Annual C storage was estimated biometrically from measurements of wood, leaf, fine root, and woody debris mass, mass losses to herbivory, soil C content, and soil respiration. Maximum annual C storage in stands that were disturbed by harvest and fire twice was 26% less than a reference stand receiving the same disturbance only once. The mechanism for this reduction in annual C storage was a long‐lasting decrease in site quality that endured over the 62‐year timeframe examined. However, during regrowth the harvested and burned forest rapidly became a net C sink, storing 0.53 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 after 6 years. Maximum net ecosystem production (1.35 Mg C ha−1 yr−1) and annual C increment (0.95 Mg C ha−1 yr−1) were recorded in the 24‐ and 50‐year‐old stands, respectively. Net primary production averaged 5.19 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in experimental stands, increasing by < 10% from 6 to 50 years. Soil heterotrophic respiration was more variable across stand ages, ranging from 3.85 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in the 6‐year‐old stand to 4.56 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in the 68‐year‐old stand. These results suggest that harvesting and fire disturbances broadly distributed across the region decades ago caused changes in site quality and successional status that continue to limit forest C storage rates.
Generation of anti‐idiotype immune responses following vaccination with idiotype‐protein pulsed dendritic cells in myeloma

Myeloma cells produce immunoglobulin which is unique to the malignant clone and presents antigenic determinants, or idiotypes, which may function as a tumour‐specific antigen. The availability of significant quantities of idiotype protein in the serum makes immunotherapeutic strategies utilizing this protein to generate an anti‐idiotype immune response an attractive prospect. We treated two patients with advanced refractory myeloma with a series of four vaccinations using autologous idiotype‐protein pulsed dendritic cells combined with adjuvant GM‐CSF. The vaccinations were well tolerated with a mild fever post‐vaccination in one patient. An idiotype‐specific T‐cell proliferative response developed in both patients. This T‐cell response was associated with the production of γ‐interferon, indicating a TH‐1‐like response. Furthermore, one patient developed anti‐idiotype IgM antibodies. However, no idiotype‐specific cytotoxic T‐cell response could be demonstrated. Further investigation is warranted to define the optimal conditions for dendritic cell culture and priming to maximize the anti‐tumour immune response.
Acceptance of Feedback by the Stigmatized and Non-Stigmatized: The Mediating Role of the Motive of the Evaluator

We examined the acceptance of interpersonal performance feedback and its effect on self-esteem among participants who received feedback from evaluators who were likely to be racially biased or unbiased. Black and White participants were given positive or negative feedback by someone who could see them or not, and who was either pro-Black or pro-White. Blacks discounted positive feedback when seen by a pro-Black evaluator, whereas Whites discounted positive feedback when seen by a pro-White evaluator. The mirror opposite pattern was found for negative feedback, although the effects were not as strong. The discounting of negative feedback was associated with higher self-esteem only among Black participants. In addition, only Black participants bolstered their self-esteem on an unrelated dimension upon receipt of negative feedback. Results are discussed in terms of the role of motives in the acceptance of feedback.
A survey of anopheline mosquitoes and malarial parasite in commuters in a rural and an urban area in West Bengal, India.

Malaria and other mosquito borne diseases are common in Kolkata, India. Among the 34 species of mosquitoes recorded from Kolkata, 13 are anophelines, of that Anopheles annularis Van der Wulp, An. culicifacies Giles, and An. stephensi Liston are established vectors of malaria 1‐3 . The abundance of these vector mosquitoes varies with the season and available habitats 2‐4 . Mobility of human hosts between different regions influence the transmission process too 5,6 . In this regard, assessment of the density and diversity of anopheline mosquitoes in space and time can help to monitor the possibility of malaria in a region apart from formulating the controlling strategies. Keeping these in view, the present survey was aimed at evaluation of the relative abundance of anopheline mosquitoes and an association malarial parasite in commuters. The survey considered two distinct regions—one urban and one rural area that are expected to provide different larval mosquito habitats and completely different landscape. Since the migrating human population is expected to be susceptible to mosquito bites from both the regions, an estimate of malarial parasites in the commuters from this region will help to evaluate their possible role in spreading the disease vis-avis the abundance of anopheline mosquitoes.
Optimistic pull based replication for mobile databases

Conventional pessimistic architectures used in database systems may not suit mobile environments. These architectures require considerable computing power in addition to a permanent connection status. Unfortunately, even tough mobile devices are evolving in computing and communications capabilities, they can not bear such requirements. In the meantime, optimistic architectures that do not lock resources and can permit disconnections appear to be the natural choice for mobile applications. In this paper, we introduce an efficient replication algorithm that we call ERDA which is based on legacy mobile database synchronization architecture: MS RDA (remote data access). This paper presents a performance comparison of ERDA and the remote data access (RDA). Like RDA, ERDA make the most out of the MS.Net compact framework: a relatively new but very famous platform for the development of mobile and handheld devices. This paper analyzes synchronization architectures to provide the best (speed, network traffic and storage vs. robustness) scenario.
Replication and neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 lacking the V1 and V2 variable loops of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein

A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mutant lacking the V1 and V2 variable loops in the gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein replicated in Jurkat lymphocytes with only modest delays compared with the wild-type virus. Revertants that replicated with wild-type efficiency rapidly emerged and contained only a few amino acid changes in the envelope glycoproteins compared with the parent virus. Both the parent and revertant viruses exhibited increased sensitivity to neutralization by antibodies directed against the V3 loop or a CD4-induced epitope on gp120 but not by soluble CD4 or an antibody against the CD4 binding site. This result demonstrates the role of the gp120 V1 and V2 loops in protecting HIV-1 from some subsets of neutralizing antibodies.