Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroanatomical distribution of vasotocin in a urodele amphibian (Taricha granulosa) revealed by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques

Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques were used to investigate the neuroanatomical distribution of arginine vasotocin‐like systems in the roughskin newt (Taricha granulosa). Vasotocin‐like‐immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were identified that, based on topographical position, most likely, are homologous to groups of vasopressin‐immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies described in mammals, including those in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial amygdala, basal septal region, magnocellular basal forebrain—including the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca, paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, suprachiasmatic nucleus, and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. Several additional vasotocin‐like‐immunoreactive cell groups were observed in the forebrain and brainstem regions; these observations are compared with previous studies of vasotocin‐ and vasopressin‐like systems in vertebrates. Arginine vasotocin‐like‐immunoreactive fibers and presumed terminals also were widely distributed with high densities in the basal limbic forebrain, the ventral preoptic and hypothalamic regions, and the brainstem ventromedial tegmentum. Based on in situ hybridization studies with synthetic oligonucleotide probes for vasotocin and the related neuropeptide mesotocin, as well as double‐labeling studies with combined immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we conclude that the vasotocin immunohistochemical procedures used identify vasotocin‐like, but not mesotocin‐like, elements in the brain of T. granulosa. The distribution of arginine vasotocin‐like systems in T. granulosa is greater than the distribution previously reported for any other single vertebrate species; however, it is consistent with an emerging pattern of distribution of vasotocin‐ and vasopressin‐like peptides in vertebrates. Complexity in the vasotocinergic system adds further support to the conclusion that this peptide regulates multiple neurophysiological and neuroendocrinological functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 385:43–70, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intellectual Disability and Activity Engagement: Exploring the Literature from an Occupational Perspective

A literature search was conducted to critically explore the recognised health disparities experienced by people with intellectual disability from the perspective of occupational science, to consider whether opportunities exist for this group of people to realise their potential as occupational beings. The review highlighted a concerning pattern of inactivity experienced by people with intellectual disability and signals the need to address the contextual determinants constraining opportunities to engage in occupation. Suggestions for future directions of research to improve the health outcomes for people with intellectual disability are highlighted.
Landscape response to Pleistocene‐Holocene precipitation change in the Western Cordillera, Peru: 10Be concentrations in modern sediments and terrace fills

The landscape response to climate change is frequently investigated with models because natural experiments on geologic timescales are rare. In Quebrada Veladera, in the western Andes Mountains, the formation of alluvial terraces during periods of high precipitation presents opportunities for such an experiment. We compare drainage‐average erosion rates during Pleistocene terrace deposition with Holocene rates, using cosmogenic 10Be samples for seven pairs of quartz sand taken from the trunk and tributaries of Quebrada Veladera and adjacent terraces. Each pair consists of sediment collected from the modern channel and excavated from an adjacent fill terrace. The terrace fill was deposited at ~16 ka and preserved an isotopic record of paleoerosion rates in the Late Pleistocene. Modern sands yield 10Be concentrations between 1.68 × 105 and 2.28 × 105 atoms/g, corresponding to Holocene erosion rates between 43 ± 3 and 58 ± 4 mm/kyr. The 10Be concentrations in terrace sands range from 9.46 × 104 to 3.73 × 105 atoms/g, corresponding to paleoerosion rates from 27 ± 2 to 103 ± 8 mm/kyr. Smaller, upstream tributaries show a substantial decline in erosion rate following the transition from a wet to dry climate, but larger drainage areas show no change. We interpret this trend to indicate that the wetter climate drove landscape dissection, which ceased with the return to dry conditions. As channel heads propagated upslope, erosion accelerated in low‐order drainages before higher‐order ones. This contrast disappeared when the drainage network ceased to expand; at that point, erosion rates became spatially uniform, consistent with the uniformity of modern hillslope gradients.
Cooperative localization of AUVs using moving horizon estimation

This paper studies the localization problem of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) constrained by limited size, power and payload. Such AUVs cannot be equipped with heavy sensors which makes their underwater localization problem difficult. The proposed cooperative localization algorithm is performed by using a single surface mobile beacon which provides range measurement to bound the localization error. The main contribution of this paper is twofold: 1) The observability of single beacon based localization is first analyzed in the context of nonlinear discrete time system, deriving a sufficient condition on observability. It is further compared with observability of linearized system to verify that a nonlinear state estimation is necessary. 2) Moving horizon estimation is integrated with extended Kalman filter (EKF) for three dimensional localization using single beacon, which can alleviate the computational complexity, impose various constraints and make use of several previous range measurements for each estimation. The observability and improved localization accuracy of the localization algorithm are verified by extensive numerical simulation compared with EKF.
Trends in higher education in Canada and implications for social work education

Canada, like other countries around the globe, is facing new challenges and opportunities with respect to post-secondary education. Trends in higher education in Canada include rising enrolments and falling revenues; a focus on enhancing employability of graduates through experiential and interactive learning; increased calls for accountability through the assessment of teaching and learning; and the rise of technology-enabled teaching and learning. Social work education is, in many ways, well positioned to take advantage of the opportunities presented by these trends due to the focus on case-based learning and practicum education, the focus on assessment of practice competencies as learning outcomes, and the long-standing commitment to teaching innovation and excellence. Nevertheless, meeting fiscal challenges and finding ways to exploit new technologies will require creativity and the development of an expanded body of research on social work education.
Surgical Residents are Excluded From Robot-assisted Surgery

Purpose: Implementation of a robotic system may influence surgical training. The aim was to report the charge of the operating surgeon and the bedside assistant at robot-assisted procedures in urology, gynecology, and colorectal surgery. Materials and Methods: A review of hospital charts from surgical procedures during a 1-year period from October 2013 to October 2014. All robot-assisted urologic, gynecologic, and colorectal procedures were identified. Charge of both operating surgeon in the console and bedside assistant were registered. Results: A total of 774 robot-assisted procedures were performed. In 10 (1.3%) of these procedures, a resident attended as bedside assistant and never as operating surgeon in the console. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a severe problem with surgical education. Robot-assisted surgery is increasingly used; however, robotic surgical training during residency is almost nonexisting.
The relationship between trainees’ evaluation of teaching and trainee performance among Norwegian executive students

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between students’ reactions to teaching and their consequent performance as measured by course grades. Reactions to teaching were reported by 189 adult part‐time students enrolled in postgraduate studies over two consecutive academic semesters across six different study programs in a large Norwegian training institution. These students’ reactions to teaching were then assessed in relation to their consequent performance, in terms of their individual final course exam grades. The results showed that students’ reactions to teaching were unrelated to their consequent course performance. Implications for practice and directions for future research are discussed.
Informal Risk Sharing in an Infinite-Horizon Experiment

This paper presents the first laboratory study of risk-sharing without commitment. Our experiment captures the main features of a simple model of voluntary insurance between two agents. In the model, two individuals interact over a potential infinite horizon and suffer random income shocks. Risk-averse individuals have incentives to smooth consumption by making transfers to each other. These transfers being voluntary, only self-enforcing risk-sharing arrangements are possible: transfers can never be so large as to tempt individuals to renege on them. This constraint, when binding, has strong implications for the shape of the constrained optimal risk-sharing arrangement. In our experiment, participants are matched in pairs. Each period, one of them, randomly drawn, receives a given amount in addition to its regular income. After observing both incomes, each person in a pair chooses a non-negative transfer to make to the other person. Two features of the experimental design are crucial. First, it is common information that all pairs will be dissolved at the end of each period with a given probability. Participants are informed when this occurs and randomly re-matched. This replicates the effect of infinite-horizon and discounting in the model. Second, at the end of the experiment, a single period is randomly drawn to count for cash payment. This feature is essential for individuals to care about the utility outcome of each period. We find evidence generally consistent with risk sharing, with most transfers coming from individuals who received h in the period. Moreover, in support of the theory, transfers are much higher with a higher continuation probability and they also are highly correlated with the individual’s degree of risk aversion. However, while the model predicts an increase in transfers with ex ante inequality, we observe the opposite effect. This may reflect considerations of identity or group membership.
Organizational Politics, Perceived Control, and Work Outcomes: Boundary Conditions on the Effects of Politics1

This investigation examined the moderating influences of perceived control (i. e., personal control and job self-efficacy) on relationships between perceptions of organizational politics and organizational commitment, job satisfaction, intention to turnover, and job stress. Although results failed to support predictions concerning the interaction of perceptions of organizational politics and personal control, some support was found for predictions concerning the interactive influence of perceptions of organizational politics and job self-efficacy on outcomes. Data from 189 hotel managers supported the hypothesized interactive effects of perceptions of organizational politics and job self-efficacy for the outcomes of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. These results suggest that job self-efficacy exacerbates the relationship between perceived politics and certain dysfunctional attitudes.
Effects of halothane and sodium thiopentone on surface brain pressure and brain electrical impedance in dogs with normal intracranial tension.

The effects of the inhalation of halothane and the i.v. administration of thiopentone on surface brain pressure and brain electrical impedance, at a frequency of 1 kHz, were investigated in 14 chronically implanted dogs. In dogs with normal PaCO2, halothane, at inspired concentrations of 0.8, 1.2, 1.5 and 2.0%, produced increases in brain pressure and impedance. Thiopentone i.v. and hyperventilation preceding the administration of halothane lessened, but did not prevent, the increases in brain pressure and impedance. Thiopentone 35 mg kg-1 decreased both pressure and impedance. The dose-related (P less than 0.01) increase in surface brain pressure was attributed to cerebral vascular expansion; the increase in impedance was not dose related and was interpreted as a loss of conductivity in brain extracellular space (e.c.s.). This loss could be a result of a decrease in both brain e.c. s. volume and its electrolyte concentration resulting from intracellular translocation and electrical inactivation of available ions in brain e.c. s. caused by increased cation binding. These phenomena might be related to the interaction between the anaesthetic molecule and cell proteins. The present study suggests that, in contrast to thiopentone, halothane induced a reversible ionic imbalance in the central nervous system.
Using Video Surveys to Access Dispersed Backcountry Visitors' Norms

Image Capture Technology (ICT), or the capture and editing of photographic images using microcomputers, has been used in a variety of settings to assess social and ecological impacts. This study illustrates the application of this technology in a VHS videotape survey designed to assess visitors' norms for varying numbers of watercraft, sounds from aircraft and motorized boats, and the acceptability of floating outfitting camps. Acceptability ratings for three setting contexts (access areas, attraction sites, and wild places) within Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve, British Columbia, were evaluated. Methodologically, use of the videotape survey proved to be a cost effective vehicle in evaluating both sight and sound impacts. More than 75% of the respondents indicated that the images served as useful reminders of their visit and helped them articulate their norms. These normative standards were consistent with other studies conducted in backcountry areas. The implications of this technology for addressing natural resource management issues are discussed.
The cognitive homunculus: do tunable languages-of-thought convey adaptive advantage?

We reexamine the generalized cognitive homunculus, an organism's internalized image of its physiological, psychological, and social state, which, when properly adjusted, can quickly detect subtle deviations from a reference configuration. We particularly seek to extend the treatment beyond 'language-of-thought' systems modeled as ergodic information sources. Such extension would generate an exceedingly rich response repertoire, not limited by fixed patterns of grammar and syntax. Rather, these would themselves be tunable according to the changing short-term contextual demands faced by the organism, possibly providing significant long-term adaptive advantage.
Cloning and expression of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid-mediated quaternary ammonium resistance in Escherichia coli

The Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pSK1 carries Tn4001, a 4.7-kilobase (kb) transposon which specifies resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, and kanamycin. In addition, pSK1 mediates resistance to trimethoprim and linked resistance to ethidium bromide (Ebr) and to quaternary ammonium compounds (Qar). Restriction endonuclease analysis of pSK1 and a deleted derivative of pSK1 revealed that the gene(s) responsible for Ebr Qar lies within a 5.2-kb HindIII fragment. This fragment has been cloned into the Escherichia coli plasmid vector pBR322, and transformants of an E. coli K-12 strain exhibited Ebr Qar. Subcloning of the 5.2-kb insert, combined with data from electron microscopic analysis of deleted derivatives of pSK1, located the Ebr Qar determinant(s) on a 2.3-kb segment of pSK1 DNA.
Characteristics of the memory sources of dreams: A new version of the content-matching paradigm to take mundane and remote memories into account

Several studies have demonstrated that dream content is related to the waking life of the dreamer. However, the characteristics of the memory sources incorporated into dreams are still unclear. We designed a new protocol to investigate remote memories and memories of trivial experiences, both relatively unexplored in dream content until now. Upon awakening, for 7 days, participants identified the waking life elements (WLEs) related to their dream content and characterized them and their dream content on several scales to assess notably emotional valence. Thanks to this procedure, they could report WLEs from the whole lifespan, and mundane ones before they had been forgotten. Participants (N = 40, 14 males, age = 25.2 ± 7.6) reported 6.2 ± 2.0 dreams on average. For each participant, 83.4% ± 17.8 of the dream reports were related to one or more WLEs. Among all the WLEs incorporated into dreams dated by the participants (79.3 ± 19%), 40.2 ± 30% happened the day before the dream, 26.1 ± 26% the month before (the day before excluded), 15.8 ± 21% the year before the dream (the month before excluded), and 17.9 ± 24% happened more than one year before the dream. As could be expected from previous studies, the majority of the WLEs incorporated into dreams were scored as important by the dreamers. However, this was not true for incorporated WLEs dating from the day before the dream. In agreement with Freud’s observations, the majority of the day residues were scored as mundane. Finally, for both positive and negative WLEs incorporated into dreams, the dreamt version of the WLE was rated as emotionally less intense than the original WLE. This result, showing that dreams tend to attenuate the emotional tone of waking-life memories towards a more neutral one, argues in favor of the emotional regulation hypothesis of dreaming.
Violence and Globalization in Latin America

Since the 1980s, Latin America has experienced unprecedented violence, which expresses itself in a major increase in homicide rates. After exploring different forms of violence and discussing the impoverishment which affects the region, the authors suggest that the spread of violence and crime is influenced by forces of global and local transformation which cause that violence to transcend national boundaries while reflecting the particular characteristics of each locality's culture and social organization. Through an analysis of five related processes: (1) changes in the drug economy; (2) proliferation of firearms; (3) similarity of cultural patterns of violence; (4) generalized fear among the population; and (5) citizen support for retaliation and extralegal violence (the latter in dangerous rapid expansion), the authors conclude by asserting that the appropriation of violence and its implacable logic of escalation can only lead to reciprocal annihilation. The strengthening of the state and the restoration of the rule of law comprise the necessary alternative for defending people's integrity and regaining freedom in the city.
Biting activity of Aedes scapularis (Rondani) and Haemagogus mosquitoes in southern Brazil (Diptera: Culicidae).

The biting activity of a population of Aedes scapularis (Rondani), Haemagogus capricornii Lutz and Hg. leucocelaenus (Dyar and Shannon) in Southern Brazil was studied between March 1980 and April 1983. Data were obtained with 25-hour human bait catches in three areas with patchy residual forests, named "Jacare-Pepira", "Lupo" Farm, and "Sta. Helena" Farm, in the highland region of S. Paulo State (Brazil). Data obtained on Ae. scapularis were compared with those formerly gathered in the "Ribeira'' Valley lowlands, and were similar, except in the "Lupo" Farm study area, where a precrepuscular peak was observed, not recorded at the "Jacare-Pepira" site or in the "Ribeira" Valley. In all the areas this mosquito showed diurnal and nocturnal activity, but was most active during the evening crepuscular period. These observations support the hypothesis about the successful adaptation of Ae. scapularis to man-made environments and have epidemiological implications that arise from it. As for Haemagogus, results obtained on the "Lupo" and "Sta. Helena" regions agree with previous data obtained in several other regions and show its diurnal activity. The proximity of "Lupo" Farm, where Hg. capricornii and Hg. leucocelaenus showed considerable activity, to "Araraquara" city where Aedes aegypti was recently found, raises some epidemiological considerations about the possibility of urban yellow fever resurgence.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Caused by Space Occupying Lesions

Purpose To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) due to space occupying lesions (SOL). Materials and Methods Eleven patients and 12 cases that underwent surgery for CTS due to SOL were studied retrospectively. We excluded SOL caused by bony lesions, such as malunion of distal radius fracture, volar lunate dislocation, etc. The average age was 51 years. There were 3 men and 8 women. Follow-up period was 12 to 40 months with an average of 18 months. The diagnosis of CTS was made clinically and electrophysiologically. In patients with swelling or tenderness on the area of wrist flexion creases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomogram (CT) were additionally taken as well as the carpal tunnel view. We performed conventional open transverse carpal ligament release and removal of SOL. Results The types of lesion confirmed by pathologic examination were; tuberculosis tenosynovitis in 3 cases, nonspecific tenosynovitis in 2 cases, and gout in one case. Other SOLs were tumorous condition in five cases, and abnormal palmaris longus hypertrophy in 1 case. Tumorous conditions were due to calcifying mass in 4 cases and ganglion in 1 case. Following surgery, all cases showed alleviation of symptom without recurrence or complications. Conclusion In cases with swelling or tenderness on the area of wrist flexion creases, it is important to obtain a carpal tunnel view, and MRI and/or CT should be supplemented in order to rule out SOLs around the carpal tunnel, if necessary.
Common themes and cognitive biases in the negative thoughts of women with recurrent genital herpes: clinical reflections and implications for cognitive behaviour therapy

There is a relatively high prevalence of psychological distress among individuals with recurrent genital herpes. Clinical experience suggests that women who experience psychological distress typically present to clinical psychology services with similar negative thoughts and cognitive biases. The current paper describes seven themes that were common in the negative thoughts of five women presenting with psychological distress associated with recurrent genital herpes. Simple content theme analysis was used to analyse assessment and therapy session notes. Themes included: negative perceptions of the self and sex/sexual history; concerns about the risk and responsibility of transmitting the virus to sexual partners; concerns about the experience of disclosure and the possibility of rejection following disclosure; and misinterpretation of bodily sensations. A number of cognitive biases were evident in the women's negative thoughts. Cognitive biases included catastrophising, predicting the future, all-or-nothing thinking and self-blame. Implications for the practice of cognitive behaviour therapy with individuals who are distressed by a diagnosis of recurrent genital herpes are discussed.