Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calcium oxalate crystals in acute ethylene glycol poisoning: A confocal laser scanning microscope study in a fatal case

Introduction. The severity of ethylene glycol toxicity is related to the metabolic acidosis resulting from the biotransformation of ethylene glycol into toxic metabolites. Glycolic acid causes severe acidosis and oxalate precipitates as calcium oxalate in the kidneys and other tissues. Case Report. An adult male was taken to the local hospital by the team rescue and was apparently unconscious; severe metabolic acidosis and renal failure led to death a few hours after the arrival. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated oxalate crystals deposition within the tubular epithelial cells and widespread necrosis of the tubular epithelium in the proximal tubules. Toxicological examinations revealed ethylene glycol; the blood level was 250 mg/L and in urine the concentration was 0.3%. Discussion. In cases of ethylene glycol poisoning, calcium oxalate may be excreted not only as dihydrate crystals, but also as monohydrate crystals. Direct toxicity, cortical edema, and inhibition of mitochondrial activity, as evidenced by decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity, are possible mechanisms of crystal damage. Since calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals are transported intracellularly by kidney cells, the renal toxicity of ethylene glycol may result from inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory function in proximal tubular cells by calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. Conclusions. The histologic diagnosis of acute renal failure secondary to ethylene glycol poisoning depends on the recognitions of the changes of acute tubular damage in association with calcium oxalate crystals deposition within the tubular epithelial cells and the widespread necrosis of the tubular epithelium in the proximal tubules.
Recent Developments in Functional Assessment: Implications for School Counselors and Psychologists

New developments in the technology of behavioral assessment call for a different approach to consultation with teachers in the resolution of serious behavior problems. A "cookbook" approach based on the teacher's description of the student's actions is no longer recommended. Instead, it is necessary to conduct an individual functional assessment of the events that predict and maintain the challenging behavior, and to identify the contextual factors that are relevant to effective behavioral support. Although this approach requires more work initially than the traditional topography-only assessment, it is worthwhile because functional assessment increases the probability that the intervention will be effective.
Enriching Group Counseling Through Integrating Yoga Concepts and Practices

Integrating practices from yoga with group counseling offers many creative paths of therapeutic learning. While yoga emphasizes the increased sense of connection with the self, group counseling emphasizes the increased sense of authenticity in relationship with oneself and with others. Common aims of both yoga and counseling are liberation from suffering through greater awareness and increased integration. Greater clarity of living and deeper sense of relation can lead to more positive behaviors and reduced negative consequences. Examples are offered regarding the use of yoga principles in various types of groups, including a Native American healing group for adults with significant physical afflictions and for Indian psychology graduate students in training.
Expanding the Pipeline Are Student Evaluations of Teaching Fair ?

Anonymous student evaluations of teaching are widely used at universities throughout North America for tenure and promotion decisions, determination of yearly salary increases, and the choice of teaching award recipients. Their purpose is to fairly evaluate the teaching quality of faculty members and help them improve their teaching. Yet, the perception of many faculty members, including me, is that the use of student evaluations of teaching achieves neither of these goals.
Evidence for area CA1 as a match/mismatch detector: A high‐resolution fMRI study of the human hippocampus

The hippocampus is proposed to switch between memory encoding and retrieval by continually computing the overlap between what is expected and what is encountered. Central to this hypothesis is that area CA1 performs this calculation. However, empirical evidence for this is lacking. To test the theoretical role of area CA1 in match/mismatch detection, we had subjects study complex stimuli and then, during high‐resolution fMRI scanning, make memory judgments about probes that either matched or mismatched expectations. More than any other hippocampal subfield, area CA1 displayed responses consistent with a match/mismatch detector. Specifically, the responses in area CA1 tracked the total number of changes present in the probe. Additionally, area CA1 was sensitive to both behaviorally relevant and irrelevant changes, a key feature of an automatic comparator. These results are consistent with, and provide the first evidence in humans for, the theoretically important role of area CA1 as a match/mismatch detector. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Primate Consortships: A Critical Review

First defined by C. R. Carpenter in 1942, “consortship” has retained a central role in the conceptual tool kit used by students of the mating behavior of multimale group‐living primates. Systematic coding of 48 published works revealed that a heterogeneous set of phenomena has been subsumed under the consortship concept, ranging from brief copulations neither preceded nor followed by other social interaction to long bouts of social interaction including no observed copulations. Furthermore, many researchers have used “consortship” without defining it, and only a minority have provided rigorous definitions. Inconsistency in the use of the consortship concept is problematic because of its widespread use in measuring male reproductive success and in formulating scenarios of primate, including hominid, behavioral evolution. As an alternative to the consortship concept, a conceptual framework is developed in which variation among male/estrous‐female dyads is characterized in terms of three functionally relevant dimensions: mate assessment, courtship, and mate guarding. Data from 66 free‐ranging rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) dyads are analyzed using principal‐components analysis to illustrate this approach. A courtship component but not a male mate‐guarding component predicted rate of potentially fertile mating.
Perspectives From Pre-Service Mathematics and Science Teachers in an Urban Residency Program

The purpose of our study was to examine mathematics and science pre-service teachers’ perceptions of their mentoring experiences during their 1st year in the Teaching Residency Program for Critical Shortage Areas, an initiative designed to recruit, prepare, and retain teachers for high-need urban schools. Results from this mixed-methods study illustrated pedagogical aspects and mentor characteristics that enhanced and impeded pre-service teachers’ growth and development. Therefore, professional development, especially working with adults, must also include frequent monitoring of the mentoring relationships to identify problematic situations. Our findings also suggested that an extended field experience helps deter deficit thinking about a diverse student population. The dynamics of teaching alongside a mentor through a residency program, coupled with the challenges of an urban setting, provide an opportunity for researchers to continue to examine pre-service teachers’ development and to identify effective practices to build mentor capacity.
Adiponectin induced AMP-activated protein kinase impairment mediates insulin resistance in Bama mini-pig fed high-fat and high-sucrose diet

Objective Adipose tissue is no longer considered as an inert storage organ for lipid, but instead is thought to play an active role in regulating insulin effects via secretion adipokines. However, conflicting reports have emerged regarding the effects of adipokines. In this study, we investigated the role of adipokines in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in obese Bama mini-pigs. Methods An obesity model was established in Bama mini-pigs, by feeding with high-fat and high-sucrose diet for 30 weeks. Plasma glucose and blood biochemistry levels were measured, and intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed. Adipokines, including adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), resistin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and glucose-induced insulin secretion were also examined by radioimmunoassay. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in skeletal muscle, which is a useful insulin resistance marker, was examined by immunoblotting. Additionally, associations of AMPK phosphorylation with plasma adipokines and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were assessed by Pearce’s correlation analysis. Results Obese pigs showed hyperglycemia, high triglycerides, and insulin resistance. Adiponectin levels were significantly decreased (p<0.05) and IL-6 amounts dramatically increased (p<0.05) in obese pigs both in serum and adipose tissue, corroborating data from obese mice and humans. However, circulating resistin and TNF-α showed no difference, while the values of TNF-α in adipose tissue were significantly higher in obese pigs, also in agreement with data from obese humans but not rodent models. Moreover, strong associations of skeletal muscle AMPK phosphorylation with plasma adiponectin and HOMA-IR index were obtained. Conclusion AMPK impairment induced by adiponectin decrease mediates insulin resistance in high-fat and high-sucrose diet induction. In addition, Bama mini-pig has the possibility of a conformable model for human metabolic diseases.
Narcissistic Force Meets Systemic Resistance: The Energy Clash Model

This article focuses on the interplay between narcissistic leaders and organizations. It attempts to capture the gist of this interplay with a model outlining the narcissistic organizational trajectory. The Energy Clash Model borrows and adapts a phase/state physics metaphor to conceptualize narcissism as a force that enters or emerges in a stable system (i.e., organization) as a leader, destabilizes it, and stabilizes it at a different state or is expelled. The model consists of three time-contingent phases: perturbation, conflict, and resolution. Narcissists create instability through waves of excitement, proposed reforms, and an inspiring vision for organization’s future (perturbation). With the passage of time, though, systemic awareness and alertness intensify, as organizational costs—in terms of human resources and monetary losses—accrue. Narcissistic energy clashes directly with the organization (conflict), a clash likely to restabilize the system eventually. The conflict may provoke the exit of the narcissistic leader or his or her accommodation, that is, steps or controls negotiated between the system and the leader (resolution). Although narcissism is subject to organizational liability, narcissistic energy, when managed and directed properly, may contribute to organizational innovation and evolution. Thus, several interventions for working with narcissistic leaders are discussed.
Abnormal Cardiac Formation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Fractal Analysis of Trabeculae and Preclinical Gene Expression

Background—Mutations in genes coding for sarcomeric proteins cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Subtle abnormalities of the myocardium may be present in mutation carriers without left ventricular hypertrophy (G+LVH−) but are difficult to quantify. Fractal analysis has been used to define trabeculae in left ventricular noncompaction and to identify normal racial variations. We hypothesized that trabeculae measured by fractal analysis of cardiovascular magnetic resonance images are abnormal in G+LVH− patients, providing a preclinical marker of disease in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results—Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was performed on 40 G+LVH− patients (33±15 years, 38% men), 67 patients with a clinical diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (53±15 years, 76% men; 31 with a pathogenic mutation [G+LVH+]), and 69 matched healthy volunteers (44±15 years, 57% men). Trabeculae were quantified by fractal analysis of cine slices to calculate the fractal dimension, a unitless index of endocardial complexity calculated from endocardial contours after segmentation. In G+LVH− patients, apical left ventricular trabeculation was increased compared with controls (maximal apical fractal dimension, 1.249±0.07 versus 1.199±0.05; P=0.001). In G+LVH+ and G−LVH+ cohorts, maximal apical fractal dimension was greater than in controls (P<0.0001) irrespective of gene status (G+LVH+: 1.370±0.08; G−LVH+: 1.380±0.09). Compared with controls, G+LVH− patients also had a higher frequency of clefts (28% versus 8%; P=0.02), longer anterior mitral valve leaflets (23.5±3.0 versus 19.7±3.1 mm; P<0.0001), greater septal systolic wall thickness (12.6±3.2 versus 11.2±2.1 mm; P=0.03), higher ejection fraction (71±4% versus 69±4%; P=0.03), and smaller end-systolic volumes (38±9 versus 43±12 mL; P=0.03). Conclusions—Increased myocardial trabecular complexity is one of several preclinical abnormalities in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy sarcomere gene mutation carriers without LVH.
Application of Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms in automatic restoration of radial power distribution systems

When a permanent fault occurs in a power distribution system, the network can be reconfigured in order to restore the supply of some loads situated on non-faulty paths. This paper presents an algorithm developed in Python for optimize the automatic reconfiguration and restoration of radial power distribution systems after the occurrence of a permanent fault. It uses the Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm technique and the Step Method in order to optimize all objectives of a given problem, thus providing a greater number of possible solutions. The goals set to the multi-objective function are the maximization of restored customers, minimization of Joule losses and the number of switching maneuvers in the network for the restoration, which are subject to operational constraints. The software features a set of non-dominated solutions, providing the operator with the option to choose from several effective configurations. The grid is modeled by using the node-depth representation (NDR), and the operating constraints evaluated by the forward / backward sweep load flow method. The 16-bus IEEE test system and a proposed 41-bus test system are used to analyze the response of the developed application, which presents good performance and can be safely used by radial distribution system operators.
Splines and wavelets for medical imaging

Both types of representations are useful when one wishes to consider image data as a continuum rather than a discrete array of pixels. Such a continuous modeling of the data is often required in medical imaging. Interpolation, in particular, plays a crucial role at various stages of processing [18, 24]. For instance, it is present—explicitly or not—for tomographic reconstruction, irrespective of the type of algorithm used (filtered backprojection, inverse Fourier or iterative reconstruction). Another important area is medical image visualization; this involves simple 2D operations such as image zooming, panning, rotation, or 3D manipulations, such as reslicing or maximum intensity projection [21], which are often used by radiologists. Interpolation models are also required for performing various types of image registrations [8, 33]; these include intra-modal registration for rigid-body motion compensation [P3], inter-modal registration of CT, PET and MR data sets of a same subject [10, 25], as well as elastic matching for stereotaxic normalization or distortion correction. Considering an image as a continuously–defined function is often desirable for feature extraction, in particular, contour detection. Likewise, wavelets have been found to be well-suited for multi-scale processing, noise filtration of medical images [36], statistical data analysis (fMRI and PET) [31], and feature extraction (e.g., texture).
USER-GENERATED CONTENT AND GATEKEEPING AT THE BBC HUB

This is an observational study of the way the BBC deals with user-generated content (UGC) at its UGC hub. It finds four types of UGC. First a form of unsolicited news story: second a form of solicited content for specific extant news stories; third a form of expeditious content for specific items and features, and fourth a form of audience watchdog content. The study also finds that UGC is routinely moderated by the BBC hub and that traditional gatekeeping barriers have evolved over time to ensure the maintenance of core BBC news values. The study concludes with the view that the extensive use of UGC at the BBC hub encourages the increasing use of “soft journalism”, with as yet unknown consequences for the BBC.
Hackers' Accounts

Hacking is a widespread international phenomenon, and hackers'actions occasionally reach the media headlines. This study was designed to explore hackers' accounts. Understanding the concept of accounts is important in itself because it enables us to comprehend how people view themselves within their cultural context. The research was based on unstructured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews with 54 Israeli hackers who where asked to tell their life stories. The interviewees were located by a snowball or chain referral sampling strategy. This study found that hacking in general, and penetrating computer systems or software in particular, constitutes a newform of entertainment for hackers. Thus, as it is based on the play-like quality that characterizes the use of digital technology, hacking often constitutes a new form of social activity.
A New Approach to the Common-Factor Design Technique for Hilbert-Pair of Wavelets

A Hilbert-Pair consists of a pair of filter banks whose corresponding wavelets are Hilbert transforms of each other. Selesnick proposed the simple common-factor technique for its design. The filter transfer functions consist of the product of a factor that is common to both filter banks and a phase factor which gives the (approximate) half-sample-delay requirement. Previously the design of the phase factor has been based on designing an allpass filter approximating the half-sample-delay. This paper proposes a different approach to designing the phase factor by exploiting a basic multirate identity. The downsampling approach allows greater flexibility and can yield filters and wavelets with better properties.
Balance and Learning: Crucial Elements in Leadership for Democratic Schools

Using the image of a balance this paper first attempts to demonstrate the importance of major issues, paradoxes, dilemmas, tensions faced by school leaders. It puts the case for greater emphasis on continuity, independence, community and heterogeneity to balance what is seen as the current overemphasis on constant change, dependence, individualism, and homogeneity. Second, a key, our ability to understand, act on and value individual, group and organisational development, or learning, in educational organisations, is offered as a way overcome such imbalances and to better be able to know the crucial elements in leadership for democratic schools. To support the position taken recent research that examines leadership for organisational learning and improved student outcomes is summarised and its implications discussed. Third, and finally, the paper attempts to join together the various elements of balance, organisational learning and leadership in a single developmental model of school leadership.
High School Anti-Bullying Interventions: An Evaluation of Curriculum Approaches and the Method Of Shared Concern in Four Hong Kong International Schools

The challenge for high schools to adopt effective measures to reduce bullying has been underscored by international media coverage highlighting the consequences of school bullying. Despite whole-school anti-bullying programs being accepted as the best evidence-based approaches to intervention, research continues to yield ambiguous findings, and only a limited number of studies have been conducted in secondary schools to systematically evaluate the components of this approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of anti-bullying interventions in four international secondary schools in Hong Kong. Schools were randomly assigned to: (a) a whole-school intervention, (b) a curriculum and Shared Concern intervention at Year 7, (c) a Shared Concern intervention at Year 7 and (d) a control school. Year 7 students in the four schools anonymously completed a bullying questionnaire at the beginning (N = 545) and end of the school year (N = 549). A highly significant main effect for schools was found between pre-test and post-test composite bullying scores (F = 7.70, p < .001). Results showed the most significant reductions occurred when a whole-school intervention was used (F = 10.73, p < .001). The research provides strong support for use of whole-school preventative/management interventions and the effective components of this approach are discussed.
Propensity for Participative Decision‐Making, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Intentions to Leave Among Egyptian Managers

Relationships among job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, propensity for participative decision‐making (PPDM), and intentions to leave have been assessed in a number of studies of Western managers. However, there is a dearth of such research in non‐Western organizations. This study examines these relationships among Egyptian managers and suggests prospective directions for additional research in the field.
Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador

The most striking shortcoming of Part IV is that the authors do not cull from the literature published over the last decade some of the most substantial and sophisticated analyses of what was happening within Palestinian society from 1993 to 2003. The “Palestinian people” are marginalized in this more recent history, in favor of Palestinian (and Israeli) leaders and key decision-makers. While the authors provide an adequate account of “what happened,” their explanations for “why” pale in comparison to the earlier sections of the book, and the footnotes of Part IV are not a comprehensive guide to “essential reading. ”
Bayesian Joint Analysis of Heterogeneous Data

Abstract A Bayesian factor model is proposed for integrating multiple disparate, but related datasets. The approach is based on factoring the latent space (feature space) into a shared component and a data-specific component, with the dimension of these spaces inferred via a beta-Bernoulli process. For cases in which there are space-time covariates, the factor scores and/or loadings are modeled via a Gaussian process (GP), with inhomogeneity addressed through a novel kernel stick-breaking process (KSBP) based mixture of GPs. Theoretical properties of the KSBP-GP factor model are discussed, and an MCMC algorithm is developed for posterior inference. The proposed approach is first demonstrated by jointly analyzing multiple types of genomic data (gene expression, copy number variations, and methylation) for ovarian cancer patients, showing that the model can uncover key attributes related to cancer; these heterogeneous data allow consideration of model performance in the absence of space-time covariates. Analysis of space-time-dependent data is considered in the form of multi-year unemployment rates at various geographical locations, with these data analyzed jointly with time-evolving stock prices of companies in the S & P 500.