Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Outcomes in Infants of HIV-Infected Women in a Developing Country Setting

Background Since 1999 GHESKIO, a large voluntary counseling and HIV testing center in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, has had an ongoing collaboration with the Haitian Ministry of Health to reduce the rate of mother to child HIV transmission. There are limited data on the ability to administer complex regimens for reducing mother to child transmission and on risk factors for continued transmission and infant mortality within programmatic settings in developing countries. Methods and Findings We analyzed data from 551 infants born to HIV-infected mothers seen at GHESKIO, between 1999 and 2005. HIV-infected mothers and their infants were given “short-course” monotherapy with antiretrovirals for prophylaxis; and, since 2003, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) when clinical or laboratory indications were met. Infected women seen in the pre-treatment era had 27% transmission rates, falling to 10% in this cohort of 551 infants, and to only 1.9% in infants of women on HAART. Mortality rate after HAART introduction (0.12 per year of follow-up [0.08–0.16]) was significantly lower than the period before the availability of such therapy (0.23 [0.16–0.30], P<0.0001). The effects of maternal health, infant feeding, completeness of prophylaxis, and birth weight on mortality and transmission were determined using univariate and multivariate analysis. Infant HIV-1 infection and low birth weight were associated with infant mortality in less than 15 month olds in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate success in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission and mortality in a highly resource constrained setting. Elements contributing to programmatic success include provision of HAART in the context of a comprehensive program with pre and postnatal care for both mother and infant.
Short report: proximity to mosquito breeding sites as a risk factor for clinical malaria episodes in an urban cohort of Ugandan children.

The impact of geography on incidence of clinical episodes of malaria was investigated in a cohort of children enrolled in a longitudinal clinical trial of antimalarial therapy in Kampala, Uganda. Participant households and the boundaries of local swamps and streams were mapped and incidence of clinical malaria episodes was measured prospectively using passive surveillance during one year of follow-up. Of 316 cohort participants, 305 from 219 households were followed for at least six weeks and were included in the analysis. Incidence of clinical malaria was highly variable, with no episodes occurring in 131 participants, and 367 new episodes of malaria diagnosed in the remaining 174 children. A gradient in incidence of clinical episodes of malaria was observed with distance of residence from a swamp (0.41 episodes per person year for residence > 100 meters from a swamp increasing to 2.22 episodes per person year for residence within a swamp), or a stream (0.61 episodes per person year for residence > or = 500 meters from a stream versus 1.76 episodes per person year for residence <500 meters from a stream). Multivariate analysis showed that distances of residence from a swamp or from a stream were independent predictors of malaria incidence, controlling for age, use of preventative measures, and primary source of water. Distance from a swamp was the strongest predictor, with an incidence rate ratio of 4.3 (95% confidence interval = 2.6-6.9, P < 0.001) between residence within a swamp and >100 meters from a swamp. In this urban setting, incidence of clinical episodes of malaria was strongly associated with proximity of residence to potential mosquito breeding sites.
Asymptotically Optimal Kinodynamic Motion Planning for a Class of Modular Self-Reconfigurable Robots

Self-reconfigurable robots are composed of many individual modules that can autonomously move to transform the shape and structure of the robot. The task of self-reconfiguration, transforming a set of modules from one arrangement to another specified arrangement, is a key problem for these robots and has been heavily studied. However, consideration of this problem has typically been limited to kinematics and so in this work we introduce analysis of dynamics for the problem. We characterize optimal reconfiguration movements in terms of basic laws of physics relating force, mass, acceleration, distance traveled, and movement time. A key property resulting from this is that through the simultaneous application of constant-bounded forces by a system of modules, certain modules in the system can achieve velocities exceeding any constant bounds. This delays some modules in order to accelerate others. To exhibit the significance of simultaneously considering both kinematic and dynamics bounds, we consider the following "x-axis to y-axis" reconfiguration problem. Given a horizontal row of n modules, reconfigure that collection into a vertical column of n modules. The goal is to determine the sequence of movements of the modules that minimizes the movement time needed to achieve the desired reconfiguration of the modules. In this work we prove tight upper and lower bounds on the movement time for the above reconfiguration problem. Prior work on reconfiguration problems which focused only on kinematic constraints kept a constant velocity bound on individual modules and so required time linear in n to complete problems of this type.
Asymmetries of Influence: Differential Effects of Body Postures on Perceptions of Emotional Facial Expressions

The accuracy and speed with which emotional facial expressions are identified is influenced by body postures. Two influential models predict that these congruency effects will be largest when the emotion displayed in the face is similar to that displayed in the body: the emotional seed model and the dimensional model. These models differ in whether similarity is based on physical characteristics or underlying dimensions of valence and arousal. Using a 3-alternative forced-choice task in which stimuli were presented briefly (Exp 1a) or for an unlimited time (Exp 1b) we provide evidence that congruency effects are more complex than either model predicts; the effects are asymmetrical and cannot be accounted for by similarity alone. Fearful postures are especially influential when paired with facial expressions, but not when presented in a flanker task (Exp 2). We suggest refinements to each model that may account for our results and suggest that additional studies be conducted prior to drawing strong theoretical conclusions.
The Drosophila Ral Gtpase Regulates Developmental Cell Shape Changes through the Jun Nh2-Terminal Kinase Pathway

The Ral GTPase is activated by RalGDS, which is one of the effector proteins for Ras. Previous studies have suggested that Ral might function to regulate the cytoskeleton; however, its in vivo function is unknown. We have identified a Drosophila homologue of Ral that is widely expressed during embryogenesis and imaginal disc development. Two mutant Drosophila Ral (DRal) proteins, DRalG20V and DRalS25N, were generated and analyzed for nucleotide binding and GTPase activity. The biochemical analyses demonstrated that DRalG20V and DRalS25N act as constitutively active and dominant negative mutants, respectively. Overexpression of the wild-type DRal did not cause any visible phenotype, whereas DRalG20V and DRalS25N mutants caused defects in the development of various tissues including the cuticular surface, which is covered by parallel arrays of polarized structures such as hairs and sensory bristles. The dominant negative DRal protein caused defects in the development of hairs and bristles. These phenotypes were genetically suppressed by loss of function mutations of hemipterous and basket, encoding Drosophila Jun NH2-terminal kinase kinase (JNKK) and Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), respectively. Expression of the constitutively active DRal protein caused defects in the process of dorsal closure during embryogenesis and inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK in cultured S2 cells. These results indicate that DRal regulates developmental cell shape changes through the JNK pathway.
A secure e-mail protocol using ID-based FNS multicast mechanism

Electronic mail (e-mail) has been used to transfer various types of electronic data in Internet. Usually, a user has to send an e-mail to a specific group of users with a secure delivery mechanism. In this paper, a novel and feasible e-mail delivery mechanism using the secure multicast protocol with an ID-based factorial number structure (FNS) is proposed in the multicast system. In the proposed e-mail delivery mechanism, the e-mail is required to be encrypted before sending out in order to safeguard the message via a public channel, such as wire public switching communication links and wireless communication systems. Without loss generality, the public-key system is adopted in the proposed secure multicast system for a convenient and easy key management. The proposed scheme outperforms the existing methods for more easily to construct secure e-mail system. Furthermore, the security of the proposed scheme is analyzed, including replay attack, sender impersonation attack, unknown key-share attack, forgery attack and insider attack. Finally, the computation complexities of the proposed mechanism are discussed. The result shows that the proposed scheme outperforms the CRT-based secure e-mail scheme.
Remote diagnosis of traumatic dental injuries using digital photographs captured via a mobile phone

BACKGROUND Intra-oral photographs have been aided diagnosis of several pathologies in teledentistry. Mobile phone cameras may produce high-quality photographs, presenting itself as a viable tool for remote diagnosis of traumatic dental injuries. AIM To evaluate the levels of interexaminer agreement in cases of traumatic dental injuries when comparing diagnoses conducted in person and remotely. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample included 40 patients with 73 traumatized teeth, and a total of 90 diagnoses, who had presented to two dental clinics, one private, and the other public, in Brazil's Federal District. The dental history and clinical examination data were registered in electronic forms, and digital photographs were captured with a mobile phone camera and uploaded to a cloud drive. Six remote examiners formulated their diagnoses based solely on photographic analysis. Thereafter, they were provided with additional clinical data and asked to provide a second round of diagnoses. These diagnoses were compared to those conducted in person, which were considered the gold standard. The data were analyzed with Gwet's AC1 interexaminers' measure to evaluate the agreement between the in-surgery and remote diagnoses. RESULTS The levels of interexaminer agreement between the in-surgery and remote diagnoses formulated exclusively with images were 0.83 or higher (95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.91), and 0.93 or higher (95% confidence interval: 0.88-0.97), when clinical information was available. CONCLUSION The precision of the remote diagnoses was comparable to the diagnoses conducted in person. The levels of interexaminer agreement were higher when clinical data were included with the images. Mobile phones may be an effective tool for capturing images that assist in the remote diagnosis of traumatic dental injuries.
Factors Related to School Nurse Workload

Recognizing the need for a school nurse workload model based on more than the number of students in a caseload, the National Association of School Nurses issued recommendations related to measuring school nurse workload. Next, a workforce acuity task force (WATF) was charged with identifying the steps needed to further the recommendations. As a first step, the WATF focused on identifying existing literature and practices related to school nurse workload. The purpose of this article is to synthesize and categorize the factors that were identified, delineate sources for collecting and retrieving these factors, and make recommendations for clinicians and researchers interested in developing instruments to measure school nurse workload.
Influence of Different Woven Geometry in Poly(propylene) Woven Composites

The difference between the melting temperatures of poly(propylene)(PP) fibre and random poly(propylene-co-ethylene) (PPE) was exploited in order to establish processing conditions for an all PP composite. Under these conditions the matrix must be a liquid in order to ensure good wetting and impregnatin at the fibres, though the temperature must not be too high to avoid metling the fibres. The high chemical compatibility of the two components allowed creation of strong physico-chemical interactions, which favour strong interfacial adhesion. The static and dynamic mechanical properties and morphology of poly(propylene) woven fabric reinforced random PPE composites have been investigated with reference to the woven geometry that influenced the properties of the woven composites. Among the various cloth architectures that were used in the PP-PPE composites, the satin weave imparted overall excellent mechanical properties due to the weave parameters, such as high float length and fibre count, low interlace point and crimp angle,etc. Morphology of the composite has been investigated by macro photography and scanning electron microscopy. Images from scanning electron microscopy provided confirmation of the above results by displaying the consolidation and good fibre matrix wetting of the composites.
Substrate influence on temperature distribution along the PCB during vapor phase soldering

This article is focused on measurement of temperature gradients in different locations on test-boards during Vapor Phase Soldering (VPS) with different materials as PCB substrates. VPS is usually applied in electronics assembly technologies due to its ability to heat the board fast and uniformly during reflow soldering. The heating rate differs significantly even on a moderate size PCB. The measurements were performed on different substrates, particularly on FR4, FR4 with aluminum core, ceramic, and polyimide flexible board samples. The temperature gradients were uniform with low heat capacity boards, contrary, the high heat capacity aluminum based PCB showed significant non-uniformity in heating, where observed temperature differences reached up to 20 °C.
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma in Women Under 25 Years of Age

Ten cases of endometrial carcinoma in young women aged 15 to 25 years are presented. Seven of these ten patients exhibited the clinical characteristics of Stein-Leventhal syndrome; of these, three had evidence of polycystic ovaries. Nine of the tumors were well-differentiated, adenoacanthomas (six) or adenocarcinomas (three) and limited to the endometrium. In one case, a moderately differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma involved an ovary and the pelvic wall. Treatment consisted of curettage and progestogens in three patients, one of whom later bore two children. The remainder of the women were treated with abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and/or radiation therapy. All patients for whom follow-up data are available are alive and well without evidence of disease. It is concluded that in selected young patients with well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma limited to the endometrium, conservative hormonal therapy and curettage may be adequate treatment and may preserve fertility.
Quantum diamond chip under network optical control

We propose a structure and elements of the diamond chip fabrication technology, which could be used for an experimental study of spectral and dynamic properties of a quantum register prototype formed by a chain of microresonators (disks and rings) containing NV-centers. Making use of the parameters of NV-systems today exist, we simulate the dissipative population dynamics of two NV-centers located in different parts of the two-qubit register. As follows from our numerical results, high probability of controlled indirect qubit interaction via photon transfer from one center to another can be already achieved at the current diamond photonics technology level. The calculated operating parameters of the resonators and measuring structure (grating) are in good agreement with those that have been used in devices created by leading world science groups. The fabrication technique of lithographic mask is discussed and its roughness is estimated.
Efficacy of Systemic Postoperative Pulmonary Rehabilitation After Lung Resection Surgery

Objective To investigate the efficacy of systemic pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) after lung resection in patients with lung cancer. Methods Forty-one patients undergoing lung resection were enrolled and classified into the experimental (n=31) and control groups (n=10). The experimental group underwent post-operative systemic PR which was conducted 30 min/day on every hospitalization day by an expert physical therapist. The control group received the same education about the PR exercises and were encouraged to self-exercise without supervision of the physical therapist. The PR group was taught a self-PR program and feedback was provided regularly until 6 months after surgery. We conducted pulmonary function testing (PFT) and used a visual analog scale (VAS) to evaluate pain, and the modified Borg Dyspnea Scale (mBS) to measure perceived respiratory exertion shortly before and 2 weeks, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Results A significant improvement on the VAS was observed in patients who received systemic PR >3 months. Significant improvements in forced vital capacity (FVC) and mBS score were observed in patients who received systemic PR >6 months (p<0.05). Other PFT results were not different compared with those in the control group. Conclusion Patients who received lung resection suffered a significant decline in functional reserve and increases in pain and subjective dyspnea deteriorating quality of life (QoL). Systemic PR supervised by a therapist helped improve reduced pulmonary FVC and QoL and minimized discomfort during the postoperative periods in patients who underwent lung resection.
Opprentice: Towards Practical and Automatic Anomaly Detection Through Machine Learning

Closely monitoring service performance and detecting anomalies are critical for Internet-based services. However, even though dozens of anomaly detectors have been proposed over the years, deploying them to a given service remains a great challenge, requiring manually and iteratively tuning detector parameters and thresholds. This paper tackles this challenge through a novel approach based on supervised machine learning. With our proposed system, Opprentice (Operators' apprentice), operators' only manual work is to periodically label the anomalies in the performance data with a convenient tool. Multiple existing detectors are applied to the performance data in parallel to extract anomaly features. Then the features and the labels are used to train a random forest classifier to automatically select the appropriate detector-parameter combinations and the thresholds. For three different service KPIs in a top global search engine, Opprentice can automatically satisfy or approximate a reasonable accuracy preference (recall >= 0.66 and precision>= 0.66). More importantly, Opprentice allows operators to label data in only tens of minutes, while operators traditionally have to spend more than ten days selecting and tuning detectors, which may still turn out not to work in the end.
Tensile Property Correlations for Highly Irradiated 20 Percent Cold-Worked Type 316 Stainless Steel

Recent experiments on developmental fast-flux test facility (FFTF) cladding (20 percent cold-worked Type 316 stainless steel) have extended the data base to a fast neutron fluence of 8.4 × 10 2 2 neutrons (n)/cm 2 (E > 0.1 MeV). The specimens were irradiated in the experimental breeder reactor-II (EBR-II) at temperatures ranging from 371 to 816°C, although peak fluence levels were attained on specimens irradiated near 371 and 649°C only. Tension tests were performed at 232°C, near the irradiation temperature, and, in some cases, above the irradiation temperature. Test specimen strain rates ranged from 4 X 10 - 5 /s to 4 X 10 - 2 /s. The data generated on cladding irradiated near 371°C established that the low-temperature strength and ductility are fluence independent beyond about 5 × 10 2 2 n/cm 2 (E > 0.1 MeV). The strength behavior of the irradiated cladding at 538, 593, and 649°C is essentially the same as exhibited by thermally aged developmental cladding at the same temperatures and times out of the reactor. Up to a fluence of ∼5 × 10 2 2 n/cm 2 (E > 0.1 MeV), the 538°C ductility values remain relatively fluence independent after an initial decrease. Higher temperature (593 and 649°C) ductilities decrease continually with increasing fluence. Tensile parameter correlations were developed for the prediction of irradiation effects on the tensile properties of 20 percent cold-worked Type 316 stainless steel. These correlations are based on unirradiated tensile property correlations developed using Hart's equation-of-state approach. The basic premise is that the condition of plastic deformation of some materials such as 316 stainless steel can be characterized by a structure parameter (σ*) which describes the material's "hardness. " It is found that irradiation effects can be incorporated into this formulation by parameterizing the changes in σ* with irradiation temperature and fluence. The resulting correlations provide a description of strength and ductility over the temperature range of 371 to 871°C and strain rates of 10 - 5 to 10 1 /s.
Surface characteristics, equipment height, and the occurrence and severity of playground injuries

Objectives—To evaluate whether surface characteristics (absorption level (g-max), material) and the height of play equipment are related to the occurrence and severity of injuries from falls. Setting and methods—During the summers of 1991 and 1995, conformity of play equipment to Canadian standards was assessed in a random sample (n=102) of Montreal public playgrounds. Surface absorption (g-max) was tested using a Max Hic instrument and the height of equipment was measured. Concurrently, all injuries presenting at the emergency department of Montreal's two children's hospitals were recorded and parents were interviewed. Inspected equipment was implicated in 185 injuries. The g-max measurements (1995 only) were available for 110 of these playground accidents. Results—One third of falls (35 %) occurred on a surface exceeding 200 g and the risk of injury was three times greater than for g level lower than 150 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45 to 6.35). On surfaces having absorption levels between 150 g and 200 g, injuries were 1.8 times more likely (95% CI 0.91 to 3.57). Injuries were 2.56 times more likely to occur on equipment higher than 2 m compared with equipment lower than 1.5 m. Analysis of risk factors by severity of injury failed to show any positive relationships between the g-max or height and severity, whereas surface material was a good predictor of severity. Conclusions—This study confirms the relationships between risk of injury, surface resilience, and height of equipment, as well as between type of material and severity of injury. Our data suggest that acceptable limits for surface resilience be set at less than 200 g, and perhaps even less than 150 g, and not exceed 2 m for equipment height. These findings reinforce the importance of installing recommended materials, such as sand, beneath play equipment.