Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning ‘rules’ of practice within the context of the practicum triad: A case study of learning to teach

This case study sought to determine the professional development circumstances in which a preservice teacher learned rules of practice (Wittgenstein, 1996) on practicum while interacting with a cooperating teacher and university supervisor. Borrowing from a theoretical conceptualization of teacher professional development based on the postulates of a general theory of learning (Berducci, 2004; Nelson, 2008) and collective action (Wittgenstein, 1996), this study showed that teaching rules of practice is (i) effective when it makes use of contexts and exemplars anchored in the preservice teacher’s experience and, (ii) before the preservice teacher is able to follow the rules in the classroom, he needs to be monitored by the cooperating teacher and university supervisor within a community of practice. These share with the preservice teacher the cognitive background and associated intentions that they bring to the setting and that he does not (yet) have and that he will construct through discourse and actual teaching. Keywords: Teacher training; pre-service teacher; training collective; work rules; learning circumstances.
The DAPI-3 amacrine cells of the rabbit retina

Abstract In the rabbit retina, the nuclear dye, 4,6, diarnidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), selectively labels a third type of amacrine cell, in addition to the previously characterized type a and type b cholinergic amacrine cells. In this study, these “DAPI-3” amacrine cells have been characterized with respect to their somatic distribution, dendritic morphology, and neurotransmitter content by combining intracellular injection of biotinylated tracers with wholemount immunocytochemistry. There are about 100,000 DAPI-3 amacrine cells in total, accounting for 2% of all amacrine cells in the rabbit retina, and their cell density ranges from about 130 cells/mm2 in far-peripheral retina to 770 cells/mm2 in the visual streak. The thin varicose dendrites of the DAPI-3 amacrine cells form a convoluted dendritic tree that is symmetrically bistratified in S1/S2 and S4 of the inner plexiform layer. Tracer coupling shows that the DAPI-3 amacrine cells have a fivefold dendritic-field overlap in each sublamina, with the gaps in the arborization of each cell being occupied by dendrites from neighboring cells. The DAPI-3 amacrine cells consistently show the strongest glycine immunoreactivity in the rabbit retina and they also accumulate exogenous [3H]-glycine to a high level. By contrast, the All amacrine cells, which are the best characterized glycinergic cells in the retina, are amongst the most weakly labelled of the glycine-immunopositive amacrine cells. The DAPI-3 amacrine cells costratify narrowly with the cholinergic amacrine cells and the On-Off direction-selective ganglion cells, suggesting that they may play an important role in movement detection.
Viewing Family Relations Through a Linguistic Lens: Symbolic Aspects of Language Maintenance in Immigrant Families

Immigration often involves language shifts, and dilemmas bearing on language maintenance. This article discusses some of the psychological implications of mother tongue maintenance and of complete language shift, especially in the communication between parents and children. The article suggests a novel perspective on language maintenance in immigrant families by drawing on attachment theory and discussing various aspects of language maintenance in relation to intimate family experiences. This qualitative study focused on the parents' perspective on various issues related to their mother tongue and the influence of early experiences on their current language behavior with their children. Interviews were conducted with seven immigrant families living in Sydney, Australia. Central themes that emerged from their narratives, related to language and family relations in the past and at present, are analyzed and discussed in light of psychological motives and emotional aspects related to language maintenance patterns in these families.
Validating the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) tool cross-culturally

HCI methods and tools are often used cross-culturally before being tested for appropriateness and validity. As new tools emerge, they must be cross-culturally validated to ensure that they work with all audiences, not just those in the country in which they were developed. This paper presents the validation of a technology acceptance model over nine culturally-diverse countries. The model validated is the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The paper also explores ongoing analysis of the culture differences that emerge on UTAUT measures, and suggests avenues for future work.
Hacia una Lectura Neuropsicológica de los Síntomas y los Mecanismos Etiopatogénicos del Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada

*Miguel Marquez: Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Buenos Aires E-mail:miguelmarquez@fibertel.com. ar REVISTA ARGENTINA DE CLINICA PSICOLOGICA XVI . p.p. 35-38 © 2007 Fundacion AIGLE. La excelente revision de Newman y Andersen permite actualizar diferentes aspectos ligados al trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG). Proporciona una sumaria descripcion del cuadro clinico y de sus criterios diagnosticos actuales, datos sobre su epidemiologia en los Estados Unidos y examina los aspectos etiologicos que son motivo de mayor atencion teorica hoy en dia. Finalmente describe los resultados de algunos abordajes y brinda informacion sobre algunos predictores de esos resultados. Aprovechando la base que provee esa revision aportare algunos datos en referencia a los aspectos mencionados y hare algunos comentarios sobre otros que no se mencionan en la revision y que creo son significativos para comprender la psicopatologia de la ansiedad generalizada y, a traves de ella, la de otros trastornos ansiosos.
Nck and Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Synergistically Activate Actin Polymerization through the N-WASP-Arp2/3 Pathway*

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) and its relative neural WASP (N-WASP) regulate the nucleation of actin filaments through their interaction with the Arp2/3 complex and are regulated in turn by binding to GTP-bound Cdc42 and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. The Nck Src homology (SH) 2/3 adaptor binds via its SH3 domains to a proline-rich region on WASP and N-WASP and has been implicated in recruitment of these proteins to sites of tyrosine phosphorylation. We show here that Nck SH3 domains dramatically stimulate the rate of nucleation of actin filaments by purified N-WASP in the presence of Arp2/3 in vitro. All three Nck SH3 domains are required for maximal activation. Nck-stimulated actin nucleation by N-WASP·Arp2/3 complexes is further stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, but not by GTP-Cdc42, suggesting that Nck and Cdc42 activate N-WASP by redundant mechanisms. These results suggest the existence of an Nck-dependent, Cdc42-independent mechanism to induce actin polymerization at tyrosine-phosphorylated Nck binding sites.
Declarative Probabilistic Programming for Undirected Graphical Models: Open Up to Scale Up

We argue that probabilistic programming with undirected models, in order to scale up, needs to open up. That is, instead of focusing on minimal sets of generic building blocks such as universal quantification or logical connectives, languages should grow to include specific building blocks for as many uses cases as necessary. This can not only lead to more concise models, but also to more efficient inference if we use methods that can exploit building-block specific subroutines. As embodiment of this paradigm we present FAST FROWARD, a platform for implementing probabilistic programming languages that grow.
Beyond Point-and-Shoot Morality: Why Cognitive (Neuro)Science Matters for Ethics*

In this article I explain why cognitive science (including some neuroscience) matters for normative ethics. First, I describe the dual-process theory of moral judgment and briefly summarize the evidence supporting it. Next I describe related experimental research examining influences on intuitive moral judgment. I then describe two ways in which research along these lines can have implications for ethics. I argue that a deeper understanding of moral psychology favors certain forms of consequentialism over other classes of normative moral theory. I close with some brief remarks concerning the bright future of ethics as an interdisciplinary enterprise.
Mother educational involvement as a mediator between beliefs, perceptions, attachment, and children's school success in Taiwan

This study was designed to examine possible direct and indirect pathways from mothers' beliefs, mothers' perceptions, mother-child attachment, and mothers' involvement to children's school success. Mothers and their 8- to 11-year-old children (n = 100) in urban central Taiwan participated in this study. Mothers completed questionnaires regarding their beliefs, perceptions, educational involvement, and their child's school achievement. Children completed an attachment measure and standardized assessments of school adjustment and academic self-concept. Findings revealed that mother involvement was related to mother beliefs and perceptions, but not to efficacy or attachment. Children's school success indicators were related to mothers' motivation, beliefs about teachers, perceived invitations for involvement, mother-child avoidant attachment, and mothers' involvement. Path analysis revealed that mothers' involvement completely mediated pathways from mother beliefs and perceptions to child school success. Findings suggest that the model is useful within a Taiwanese population, but should be further tested.
PLUS ÇA CHANGE: Reporting Rape in the 1990s

In the 1980s, in the wake of growing public concern, changes were made to police procedures for dealing with complaints of rape. Academic research into the experience of women who reported rape to the police after these changes were instituted, is almost non-existent. This article is based on the findings of a qualitative study of a group of women whose cases were recorded as rape by the Sussex police between 1991 and 1993. It looks at their response to their contact with the police at each phase of the criminal justice process from reporting through to the trial where this occurred. It also considers the overall attitude of victims to the handling of their cases by the police and examines those aspects which were particularly positive or negative. It concludes that, while there is much good practice, the task of improving services for rape victims is not yet complete.
Transcribing Meetings With the AMIDA Systems

In this paper, we give an overview of the AMIDA systems for transcription of conference and lecture room meetings. The systems were developed for participation in the Rich Transcription evaluations conducted by the National Institute for Standards and Technology in the years 2007 and 2009 and can process close talking and far field microphone recordings. The paper first discusses fundamental properties of meeting data with special focus on the AMI/AMIDA corpora. This is followed by a description and analysis of improved processing and modeling, with focus on techniques specifically addressing meeting transcription issues such as multi-room recordings or domain variability. In 2007 and 2009, two different strategies of systems building were followed. While in 2007 we used our traditional style system design based on cross adaptation, the 2009 systems were constructed semi-automatically, supported by improved decoders and a new method for system representation. Overall these changes gave a 6%-13% relative reduction in word error rate compared to our 2007 results while at the same time requiring less training material and reducing the real-time factor by five times. The meeting transcription systems are available at www.webasr. org.
A ‘No Blame’ Approach to Organizational Learning

In high-reliability organizations (HROs) even minor errors can seriously hinder the very existence of the firm and the safety of employees and customers. Field studies have shown that HROs encourage the reporting of errors and near misses, exploiting these incidents to improve their operative processes. In this paper, we describe this practice as a ‘no blame’ approach to error management, and link it to learning theory, showing how no blame practices can enhance organizational learning. By taking a cognitive perspective of organizations, we draw on existing contributions and on a set of empirical case studies to discuss the characteristics of no blame practices, and their applicability in traditional, non-HROs. Our findings show that, in exploiting information from error-reporting, no blame practices are beneficial in environments where learning and reliability issues are particularly relevant. Empirical evidence suggests that a no blame approach can be extremely constructive for organizations that want to enhance their learning processes. We conclude that a no blame approach is a valuable way to achieve an organization that has flexibility and variability. However, no blame practices imply a set of organizational issues and costs that pose significant challenges to firms operating in non-high-reliability settings. The findings from our study contribute to the literature on HROs and organizational learning.
Distribution of Fitness and Virulence Effects Caused by Single-Nucleotide Substitutions in Tobacco Etch Virus

ABSTRACT Little is known about the fitness and virulence consequences of single-nucleotide substitutions in RNA viral genomes, and most information comes from the analysis of nonrandom sets of mutations with strong phenotypic effect or which have been assessed in vitro, with their relevance in vivo being unclear. Here we used site-directed mutagenesis to create a collection of 66 clones of Tobacco etch potyvirus, each carrying a different, randomly chosen, single-nucleotide substitution. Competition experiments between each mutant and the ancestral nonmutated clone were performed in planta to quantitatively assess the relative fitness of each mutant genotype. Among all mutations, 40.9% were lethal, and among the viable ones, 36.4% were significantly deleterious and 22.7% neutral. Not a single case of beneficial effects was observed within the level of resolution of our measures. On average, the fitness of a genotype carrying a deleterious but viable mutation was 49% smaller than that for its unmutated progenitor. Deleterious mutational effects conformed to a beta probability distribution. The virulence of a subset of viable mutants was assessed as the reduction in the number of viable seeds produced by infected plants. Mutational effects on virulence ranged between 17% reductions and 24.4% increases. Interestingly, the only mutations showing a significant effect on virulence were hypervirulent. Competitive fitness and virulence were uncorrelated traits.
Happiness vs. mindfulness exercises for individuals vulnerable to depression

An online ‘positivity’ exercise involving the practice of discrete positive emotions was pitted against a mindfulness meditation exercise and an active placebo control. The effects of positivity and meditation were examined in relationship to personality variables known to entail vulnerability to depression. Participants (N = 741) were randomly assigned to the positivity, mindfulness, or control condition. They completed their exercise for three weeks and were assessed on measures of subjective well-being at baseline, post-test, and one, and two months later. Results indicated that all groups showed significant decreases in depressive symptoms from baseline to two months. The positivity exercise uniquely predicted increases in meaning, pleasure, engagement, and satisfaction in life across follow-ups. Dependent individuals responded favorably to the positivity intervention in the short run, but worsened in the long run for pleasure-related happiness. Self-criticism was associated with significantly greater gains in life satisfaction following exercise completion.
The Accessibility of a Novel Reentrant Loop of the Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 Is Restricted by Its Substrate*

The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is removed from the synaptic cleft by several related sodium- and potassium-coupled transporters. They thereby restrict the neurotoxicity of this transmitter. Based on the accessibility of single cysteines to the large sulfhydryl reagent 3-N-maleimidyl(propionyl)biocytin, we have proposed a topological model for the astroglial glutamate transporter GLT-1 (Grunewald, M., Bendahan, A. and Kanner, B. I. (1998)Neuron 21, 623–632). Because of several unexpected observations, we have investigated the topological disposition of 19 cysteine residues engineered into a loop proposed to be intracellular. We have probed the accessibility of these cysteines to small and large sulfhydryl reagents. The impermeant hydrophilic sulfhydryl reagent [(2-trimethylammonium)ethyl] methanethiosulfonate inhibits transport activity only at two of these positions, weakly at G365C and potently at A364C. Glutamate and its nontransportable analogue dihydrokainate markedly protect A364C transporters against this impermeant reagent. Using a biotinylated maleimide, we found that, among the 14 mutants tested with it, only A364C is accessible to it from the extracellular side. This, together with our previous observations, indicates that the loop—including amino acid residues 354, 359, 373, and 379—is largely intracellular, but a short region of it forms a reentrant pore-loop-like structure, the accessibility of which is dependent on the conformation of the transporter.
Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans, a Novel Respiratory Pathogen in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

ABSTRACT This report describes the molecular epidemiology, in vitro susceptibility, colonial and microscopic morphologies, and biochemical features of Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans, a newly recognized pathogen that appears to have a propensity for patients with cystic fibrosis. The index patient died with histologically documented Trichosporon pneumonia complicating cystic fibrosis. This is also the first report of disease caused by a Trichosporon species in a nontransplant patient with cystic fibrosis. As T. mycotoxinivorans has not previously been recognized as a respiratory pathogen, the significance of its recovery from sputum samples was not initially appreciated. Genetic analysis of archived clinical samples found three additional cases of T. mycotoxinivorans infection which had previously been identified as other members of the genus. An additional isolate of T. mycotoxinivorans was identified from a clinical sample on initial testing. Three of these four cases were also patients with cystic fibrosis. All isolates had MICs at 48 h of amphotericin B of ≥1 μg/ml and of echinocandins of ≥16 μg/ml, but they displayed various susceptibilities to the triazoles. In summary, Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans is a newly recognized human pathogen that is associated with cystic fibrosis.
Central core disease: clinical, pathological, and genetic features

Central core disease (CCD) is a dominantly inherited congenital myopathy allelic to malignant hyperthermia (MH) caused by mutations in the RYR1 gene on chromosome 19q13.1. Eleven individuals with RYR1 mutations are described. Four index cases showed features consistent with a congenital myopathy (hypotonia, delayed motor milestones, and skeletal abnormalities including congenital hip dislocation and scoliosis). All four cases and subsequently seven other family members were found to possess novel mutations in the RYR1 gene. The degree of disability varied from one clinically normal individual, to another who had never achieved independent ambulation (the only patient with a de novo mutation). Four cases showed a mild reduction in vital capacity, repeated nocturnal polysomnography showed hypoxaemia in one case. A variety of muscle biopsy features were found; central cores were absent in the youngest case, and the biopsy specimens from two others were more suggestive of mini-core myopathy. In all cases missense mutations in exons 101, 102, and 103 of the RYR1 gene on were found. Future laboratory diagnosis of suspected cases and family members will be less invasive and more accurate with DNA analysis. Clinicians, especially paediatricians and orthopaedic surgeons, should be aware of this disorder because of the potential risk of MH.
The Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C): Factorial Invariance Across Sex and Age in a Greek Sample of Preadolescents

The purpose of the present study was to examine measurement invariance of the Greek translation of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C) across different sex and age groups using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis with a sample of 1,103 Greek preadolescents. Results supported measurement invariance across sex. Evidence of configural and metric, but not scalar or strict invariance, was found across age. Implications for personality assessment with the Greek BFQ-C scale are discussed.
INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) AND MEDIA EDUCATION: IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

The role and impact of information and communication technology on modern academic world in general cannot be left unstudied. It is against this background the study argues that if it had not been for the art of writing and printing founded as a result of technological revolution there would have been no full learning as currently and evidently found taking right shape. In view of this, it should therefore be borne in mind that industrialization is fundamentally the backbone of our contemporary progress and achievements and the positive impact claims to have on our academic life cannot be overemphasized. The study examines the concept of ‘media technology’, history of the world of information technology, relevance and significance to teaching and learning processes, and has further explored the role played by (ICT) in revolutionizing academic activities. Finally, solutions to the problems confronting teaching profession, learning and the use of computer in Nigerian area, in particular have been presented as way forward.
Computer Program for Varimax Rotation in Factor Analysis

THE purpose of this report is to outline an electronic computer program for varimax rotation in factor analysis [2]. We shall break up a varimax program into small sections and indicate in some detail the function each section is to perform, scaling problems within the section, possibly useful gimmicks, etc., without presuming to write down individual instructions. Given an arbitrary reference factor matrix (e.g., principal axes, centroids) with n tests and r factors, the varimax criterion requires that we make orthogonal rotations on this matrix such that