Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remembering instructors: play, pain and pedagogy

This study was undertaken to examine how coaches and teachers can contribute to making sport and physical education more fun for children. Twenty‐four retrospective accounts resulted in five major themes: (1) personal characteristics of instructors/coaches, (2) learning environments, (3) peak moments in low‐organised activities, (4) social aspects, and (5) lessons from negative experiences. Results are discussed in relation to fun, enjoyment and happiness in youth sport and physical education.
How Do Recurrent and First-Ever Strokes Differ in Rehabilitation Outcomes?

ObjectiveTo describe clinical characteristics and functional outcomes in recurrent stroke, identify factors associated with improved outcomes, and to compare these outcomes with first-ever stroke patients. DesignFive-year prospective cohort study of 1277 consecutive stroke patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation, with 16.6% recurrent stroke. Primary functional outcome measure was the Functional Independence Measure. FIM gain quantified the difference between admission and discharge FIM scores. FIM effectiveness measured the percentage recovery. ResultsIn recurrent stroke patients, mean AdmissionFIM and DischargeFIM scores were 62.5 and 74.2, respectively, with a mean FIM gain of 11.7 and FIM effectiveness of 20.4%. Comparing to first-ever stroke, recurrent stroke patients were older, had higher unemployment rates, higher proportion of ischemic stroke types, and higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and depression. In multivariate analysis of the entire cohort, recurrent stroke predicted lower FIM gains and effectiveness. When the recurrent stroke group was further sub-analyzed, better FIM gain was associated with higher cognitive AdmissionFIM scores and presence of a caregiver, whereas better FIM effectiveness was correlated with higher motor AdmissionFIM scores. ConclusionsRecurrent stroke patients made less functional gains compared to first-ever stroke patients. However, improvements were still significant and these patients should be offered comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation to optimize outcomes. To Claim CME Credits:Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry. org/JournalCME CME Objectives:Upon completion of this article, the learner will be able to: (1) Describe unique demographics, and characteristics of recurrent stroke patients admitted for inpatient rehabilitation; (2) Differentiate functional outcomes between first-ever and recurrent stroke patients; and (3) Utilize factors associated with functional improvements in recurrent strokes in treatment planning. Level:Advanced Accreditation:The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this activity for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
A seismological analysis of δ Scuti stars in the Pleiades cluster

A comparison between the oscillation frequencies of six multi-periodic 6 Scuti stars of the Pleiades cluster and the eigenfrequencies of rotating stellar models that match the corresponding stellar parameters has been carried out. The assumption that all the stars considered have some common parameters, such as metallicity, distance or age, is imposed as a constraint. As a result, we have a best fit solution associated with a cluster metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.067, an age between 70 × 10 6 and 100 x 10 6 yr and a distance modulus of m V - M V = 5.60-5.70 mag. All the stars were found to oscillate mainly in non-radial, low degree, low order p modes. Estimates of mass and rotation rates for each star are also obtained.
A novel and rapid whole-blood assay for D-dimer in patients with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis.

BACKGROUND The clinical utility of using a novel whole blood assay for D-dimer (SimpliRED), alone or in combination with impedance plethysmography (IPG), was investigated in a two-center, prospective cohort study of 214 consecutive patients with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT). METHODS AND RESULTS All patients underwent the SimpliRED D-dimer assay, contrast venography, and IPG. According to the results of venography, 43 patients had proximal DVT (popliteal and/or more proximal veins), 10 had isolated calf DVT, and 161 had DVT ruled out. The D-dimer had a sensitivity of 93% for proximal DVT and of 70% for calf DVT, an overall specificity of 77%, and a negative predictive value of 98% for proximal DVT. The sensitivity and specificity of IPG for proximal DVT were 67% and 96%, respectively. When analyzed in combination with the IPG results, it was determined that (1) the combination of a negative D-dimer and a normal IPG had a negative predictive value of 97% for all DVT and of 99% for proximal DVT and occurred in 58% of patients (likelihood ratio, 0.1) and (2) the combination of a positive D-dimer and an abnormal IPG had a positive predictive value of 93% for any DVT and of 90% for proximal DVT and occurred in 14% of patients (likelihood ratio, 42.6). When the D-dimer and IPG results were discordant, it was not possible to exclude or diagnose DVT reliably; discordant results occurred in 28% of patients. CONCLUSIONS The SimpliRED D-dimer assay, which can be performed and interpreted at the bedside within 5 minutes, has great potential in patients with clinically suspected DVT, especially for ruling out DVT, and is complementary to IPG. The assay should be evaluated in large clinical management studies.
Changes in Conventional Attitudes and Delinquent Behavior in Adolescence

The relationship between conventional beliefs and illegal behavior is a concern of social psychological theories (cognitive consistency) and criminological theories (learning and control). Empirical evidence from correlational studies has, to date, suggested that illegal behavior influences conventional beliefs more than conventional beliefs influence illegal behavior. The limitations of a purely correlational approach to examining the relationship between conventional belief and illegal behavior are detailed, and the reasons for supplementing a correlational approach with a stage-state analysis of the temporal order of changes in the two variables are explained. Using a stage-state analysis in addition to structural equation models reveals aspects of the relationship between conventional beliefs and illegal behavior that were not apparent from the structural equations alone. It appears that weakening of conventional beliefs usually takes place before initiation of illegal behavior, but once both have occurred, illegal behavior has a stronger influence on conventional beliefs than conventional beliefs have on illegal behavior, and the influence of conventional beliefs on illegal behavior is indirect, mediated by exposure to delinquent peers.
Phylogenetic Group Determination of Escherichia coli Isolated from Animals Samples

This study analyzes the occurrence and distribution of phylogenetic groups of 391 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry, cattle, and water buffalo. The frequency of the phylogroups was A = 19%, B1 = 57%, B2 = 2.3%, C = 4.6%, D = 2.8%, E = 11%, and F = 3.3%. Phylogroups A (P < 0.001) and F (P = 0.018) were associated with E. coli strains isolated from poultry, phylogroups B1 (P < 0.001) and E (P = 0.002) were associated with E. coli isolated from cattle, and phylogroups B2 (P = 0.003) and D (P = 0.017) were associated with E. coli isolated from water buffalo. This report demonstrated that some phylogroups are associated with the host analyzed and the results provide knowledge of the phylogenetic composition of E. coli from domestic animals.
The Positivity Ratio and Functioning Under Stress

The positivity ratio reflects the ratio of positive affect to negative affect. In two studies, the authors investigated the relationship between positivity ratio and functioning under stress. Study 1 examined gastric cancer patients (N = 123) and Study 2 explored hospital personnel exposed to missile attacks (N = 84). In both studies, there was a curvilinear relationship between positivity ratio and functioning. As the positivity ratio increased there was a steep decrease in maladaptive functioning. The decrease in maladaptive functioning leveled at around a ratio of three, from which point maladaptive functioning stayed the same, or even started to mildly ascend, till the maximum positivity ratio score. Taken together, this finding indicates that a moderate positivity ratio is sufficient for optimal functioning at the midst of stress. Implications for the role of affect in coping with stress are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multichannel-near-infrared-spectroscopy-triggered robotic hand rehabilitation system for stroke patients

There is a demand for a new neurorehabilitation modality with a brain-computer interface for stroke patients with insufficient or no remaining hand motor function. We previously developed a robotic hand rehabilitation system triggered by multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to address this demand. In a preliminary prototype system, a robotic hand orthosis, providing one degree-of-freedom motion for a hand's closing and opening, is triggered by a wireless command from a NIRS system, capturing a subject's motor cortex activation. To examine the feasibility of the prototype, we conducted a preliminary test involving six neurologically intact participants. The test comprised a series of evaluations for two aspects of neurorehabilitation training in a real-time manner: classification accuracy and execution time. The effects of classification-related factors, namely the algorithm, signal type, and number of NIRS channels, were investigated. In the comparison of algorithms, linear discrimination analysis performed better than the support vector machine in terms of both accuracy and training time. The oxyhemoglobin versus deoxyhemoglobin comparison revealed that the two concentrations almost equally contribute to the hand motion estimation. The relationship between the number of NIRS channels and accuracy indicated that a certain number of channels are needed and suggested a need for a method of selecting informative channels. The computation time of 5.84 ms was acceptable for our purpose. Overall, the preliminary prototype showed sufficient feasibility for further development and clinical testing with stroke patients.
Synergistic effect of PEG-400 and cyclodextrin to enhance solubility of progesterone

ConclusionPEG-400, polysorbate 80, and 2 CDs (Trappsol HPB and Captisol) were used in an attempt to improve the aqueous solubility of a model hydrophobic drug, progesterone. The aqueous solubility of progesterone improved significantly from 0.007 mg/mL by the addition of PEG-400, CDs, and polysorbate 80. In systems containing various amounts of PEG-400 and 3% Trappsol HPB in water (% wt/wt), the theoretical solubility was calculated by adding the solubilities in the individual systems. The observed solubility values were up to 96% higher than the theoretical values. The effect of synergism was significant in 5% to 50% PEG-400/water systems containing Trappsol HPB. Systems containing Captisol did not show such synergistic effects. In general, the addition of polysorbate 80 to the PEG-400/water systems containing CDs affected synergism negatively.
Trainee Teachers' Grammatical Knowledge: The Tension Between Public Expectation and Individual Competence

This article reports on an investigation into the level of grammatical knowledge among 503 primary teacher trainees (1997–2001) following a one-year Postgraduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) course. Since 1997, official expectations have changed, with greater emphasis on grammar teaching in England. Trainees' grammatical knowledge was explored in the light of government initiatives, in particular the 1998 standards for teacher training courses (Department for Education and Employment, DfEE, Circular 4/98) and the introduction of the National Literacy Strategy (DfEE, 1998). To identify baseline needs, we focused on measuring trainees' ability to identify 'parts of speech' and sentence-types through entry-level audits. Prompted by the findings from these audits and discussions with trainees, we investigated through further audits, interviews and talk-aloud activities how trainees perceived grammatical categories, how they understood and talked about grammar and whether their knowledge of grammatical metalanguage increased during their training. We found that although postgraduates had a significant amount of grammatical knowledge, they felt considerable anxiety about their level of understanding when they entered training. In general during the PGCE year, knowledge increased but anxiety remained high. There is a tension between public expectations and what can be achieved during training.
Perceived Teaching Problems, Self-Efficacy, and Commitment to Teaching among Preservice Teachers.

AbstractThis study compared the perceived teaching problems of preservice elementary and secondary teachers of both sexes with the perceived teaching problems of beginning teachers in the 83 studies reviewed by Veenman (1984). Results indicate that the rank order of teaching problems of preservice and beginning teachers are dissimilar. Beginning teachers stress problems with classroom discipline, assessing student work, and relationships with parents, whereas preservice teachers stress problems with subject matter. Both groups, however, shared strong concern about motivating students. Elementary and secondary preservice teachers differed on some of the rankings of problem seriousness. Meaningful relationships between preservice teachers’ total levels of concern for problems and their scores on measures of teacher efficacy and commitment to teaching were not observed. Implications for teacher education are discussed
Characterization of contractile function in diabetic hypertensive cardiomyopathy in adult rat ventricular myocytes.

Diabetes and hypertension both produce myocardial dysfunction that accelerates cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Coexistence of the two often results in a more severe cardiomyopathy than either process alone. The purpose of this study was to characterize the contractile function of diabetic hypertensive cardiomyopathy at the single myocyte level. Adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were made diabetic with a single injection (55 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ). Contractile properties of ventricular myocytes were evaluated, including peak shortening (PS), time-to-peak shortening (TPS), time-to-90% relengthening (TR90) and maximal velocities of shortening/relengthening (+/-dL/d t). The experimental animals exhibited enlarged heart size, elevated blood glucose and systolic blood pressure. PS was unchanged (SHR), enhanced (WKY-STZ) or depressed (SHR-STZ) compared to control (WKY). Myocytes from all experimental groups displayed prolonged TPS and TR90 compared to the WKY group, although only those from the hypertensive groups (SHR, SHR-STZ) were associated with reduced +/-dL/d t. Additionally, myocytes from the WKY-STZ but not the SHR or the SHR-STZ groups exhibited impaired responsiveness to increased extracellular Ca2+. Myocytes from the SHR-STZ group displayed a leftward shift of the stimulus frequency-peak shortening response curve compared to the WKY group. These results confirmed observations at the multicellular levels that combination of diabetes and hypertension results in a greater impairment of cardiac contractile function than is seen with either disease alone.
Stereotypic Beliefs about Menstruation: A Methodological Note on the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire and Some New Data

&NA; The methodological soundness of the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) is considered. New data are presented which show that male (N = 34) and female (N = 25) subjects report very similar patterns of symptoms and symptom “changes” when asked to indicate on the MDQ what women experience during the menstrual cycle. When the symptom scales on the MDQ are rank ordered according to the size of the “changes”‐‐differences from intermenstrual phase‐‐reported during the premenstrual and menstrual phases, the rankings of the female and male subjects are highly correlated (r=0.88 for both menstrual and premenstrual “changes”). While Moos has interpreted women's responses on the MDQ as evidence of “premenstrual tension” or “premenstrual syndromes,” results of the present study suggest an alternative interpretation in terms of stereotypic beliefs about the psychological concomitants of menstruation.
GENERAL SAFETY PERFORMANCE: A TEST OF A GROUNDED THEORETICAL MODEL

In this investigation, we report the results of 2 studies designed to (a) conduct confirmatory factor analytic tests of a model of general safety performance with performance ratings from 550 coworker appraisals (Study 1), and (b) examine hypothesized relationships between indicators of breadth and depth of knowledge constructs and confirmed safety performance factors (from Study 1) with training history data and supervisory appraisals for 133 hazardous waste workers in 23 jobs and 4 organizations (Study 2). Confirmatory factor analytic results from Study 1 provided support for a 4-factor model of general safety performance with performance factors labeled Using Personal Protective Equipment, Engaging in Work Practices to Reduce Risk, Communicating Health and Safety Information, and Exercising Employee Rights and Responsibilities. In general, the results from Study 2 supported the hypothesized dominance of depth of knowledge over breadth of knowledge in the prediction of performance with respect to more routine, consistent safety tasks. Issues concerning the general-izability of these factors to other types of work and the human resource management implications of these results are discussed.
Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation in Schools

This article explores the nature of the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in schools, and in particular examines critically the assertion that these processes are necessarily antagonistic. The weight of evidence suggests that rewards in the form of school grades and the focus of many students on doing well, gradewise, need not necessarily interfere with learning for its own sake. Educational implications of these findings are considered. One such implication is that focusing on students' interests can be a valuable motivational strategy.
FinFET technology development guidelines for higher performance, lower power, and stronger resilience to parameter variations

The impact of the fin thickness and the gate oxide thickness on the electrical characteristics of FinFETs is studied in this paper. FinFET technology development guidelines for enhancing the on-current, suppressing the leakage currents, and weakening the sensitivity to parameter variations are provided. A sub-threshold slope lower than 100mV is achieved with a fin thinner than half of the gate length in a 32nm FinFET technology. The maximum on-current to leakage current ratio is achieved when the fin thickness and the oxide thickness are 8nm and 1.6nm, respectively, in a 32nm FinFET technology. A fin thickness between one fourth and one half of the gate length is preferred for enhanced tolerance to parameter fluctuations.
The value of English picture story books

This paper presents a study investigating EFL teachers' views on the educational values of English picture story books in Taiwan. Ten teachers with experience of using the books with primary school children participated in this study. The results suggest three main educational values perceived by the teachers: (1) linguistic value, (2) the value of the story, and (3) the value of the picture. A pattern of how the teachers presented the books also emerged from the data: the majority of the teachers perceived themselves as a mediator whose job was not to transmit the meaning of the book to the students, but to encourage participation and interaction.
Gifted Children and Other Siblings

This study examined sibling relationships within families where only one of two children had been labeled gifted. Twenty-seven pairs of labeled/unlabeled siblings completed a forced-choice questionnaire investigating the sibling relationship. Responses were analyzed according to label, sex, sibling position, and age gap.The area of competition was perceived differently by labeled and unlabeled siblings. Competition appeared to be beneficial to the self-image of labeled children, encouraging cooperation and communication. For unlabeled children competition had negative effects inhibiting cooperation and damaging the sibling relationship.Both labeled and unlabeled siblings perceived more friction if the gifted child was the oldest.
EGFR L858R Mutation and Polymorphisms of Genes Related to Estrogen Biosynthesis and Metabolism in Never-Smoking Female Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients

Purpose: To assess whether polymorphisms of genes related to estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism are associated with EGFR mutations. Experimental Design: We studied 617 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, including 302 never-smoking women. On the basis of multiple candidate genes approach, the effects of polymorphisms of CYP17, CYP19A1, ERα, and COMT in association with the occurrence of EGFR mutations were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: In female never-smokers, significant associations with EGFR L858R mutation were found for the tetranucleotide (TTTA)n repeats in CYP19A1 (odds ratio, 2.6; 95%CI, 1.2–5.7 for 1 or 2 alleles with (TTTA)n repeats >7 compared with both alleles with (TTTA)n repeats ≤7), and the rs2234693 in ERα (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1–4.0 for C/T and C/C genotypes compared with T/T genotype). The C/C genotype (vs. T/T genotype) of ERα was significantly associated with EGFR L858R mutation (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.1–8.1), in-frame deletion (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1–7.6) and other mutations (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.3–14.0). The genotype of COMT rs4680 was significantly associated with EGFR L858R mutation in female and male never-smokers showing OR's (95% CI) of 1.8 (1.0–3.2) and 3.6 (1.1–11.3), respectively, for genotypes G/A and G/G compared with genotype A/A. The number of risk alleles of CYP17, CYP19A1, ERα, and COMT was associated with an increasing OR of EGFR L858R mutation in female never-smokers (P = 0.0002 for trend). Conclusions: The L858R mutation of EGFR is associated with polymorphisms of genes related to estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism in never-smoking female lung adenocarcinoma patients. Clin Cancer Res; 17(8); 2149–58. ©2011 AACR.
Poverty Measurement and the Within-Household Distribution: Agenda for Action

ABSTRACT Mainsteam poverty analysis is deficient because it ignores important within-household aspects. This point has been made by many, and stressed by feminists especially, yet mainstream poverty measurement practice remains unchanged. Why is this? What should we be doing? This paper examines anew the case for taking within-household factors into account in poverty measurement. The analysis reveals a number of unresolved issues including some problems with recent feminist arguments, but concludes that there is a good case for changing current practice. To demonstrate that this is feasible, four research projects are described. These are my agenda for action.