Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tissue-Specific Progenitor and Stem Cells Grafted Subventricular Zone Neural Stem Cells Display Robust Engraftment and Similar Differentiation Properties and FormNewNeurogenic Niches in the Young and Aged Hippocampus

As clinical application of neural stem cell (NSC) grafting into the brain would also encompass aged people, critical evaluation of engraftment of NSC graft-derived cells in the aged hippocampus has significance. We examined the engraftment and differentiation of alkaline phosphatase-positive NSCs expanded from the postnatal subventricular zone (SVZ), 3months after grafting into the intact young or aged rat hippocampus. Graft-derived cells engrafted robustly into both young and aged hippocampi. Although most graft-derived cells pervasively migrated into different hippocampal layers, the graft cores endured and contained graft-derived neurons expressing neuron-specific nuclear antigen (NeuN) and g-amino butyric acid in both groups. A fraction of migrated graft-derived cells in the neurogenic subgranular zone-granule cell layer also expressed NeuN. Neuronal differentiation was, however, occasionally seen amid graft-derived cells that had migrated into non-neurogenic regions, where substantial fractions differentiated into S-100b+ astrocytes, NG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitors, or Olig2+ putative oligodendrocytes. In both age groups, graft cores located in nonneurogenic regionsdisplayedmanydoublecortin-positive (DCX+) immatureneuronsat 3monthsafter grafting. Analyses of cellswithin graft cores using birth dating andputativeNSCmarkers revealed that DCX+neuronswerenewlybornneuronsderived fromengrafted cells and that putativeNSCspersisted within the graft cores. Thus, both youngandagedhippocampi support robust engraftment and similar differentiation of SVZ-NSC graft-derived cells. Furthermore, some graftedNSCs retain the “stemness” feature and produce new neurons even at 3months after grafting, implying that grafting of SVZ-NSCs into the young or aged hippocampus leads to establishment of new neurogenic niches in nonneurogenic regions. STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016;5:1204–1215
Cosmogenic radionuclides in L5 and LL5 chondrites from Queen Alexandra Range, Antarctica: Identification of a large L/LL5 chondrite shower with a preatmospheric mass of approximately 50,000 kg

Abstract– The collection of approximately 3300 meteorites from the Queen Alexandra Range (QUE) area, Antarctica, is dominated by more than 2000 chondrites classified as either L5 or LL5. Based on concentrations of the cosmogenic radionuclides 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, and 41Ca in the metal and stone fraction of 16 QUE L5 or LL5 chondrites, we conclude that 13 meteorites belong to a single meteorite shower, QUE 90201, with a large preatmospheric size and a terrestrial age of 125 kyr. Members of this shower have properties typical of L (e.g., pyroxene composition) and LL chondrites (e.g., metal abundance and composition), as well as properties intermediate between the L and LL groups (e.g., olivine composition), and is thus best described as an L/LL5 chondrite. Based on comparison with model calculations, the measured radionuclide concentrations in the metal and stone fractions of QUE 90201 indicate irradiation in an object with a preatmospheric radius of approximately 150 cm, representing one of the largest chondrites known so far. Based on the abundance of small L5 and LL5 chondrites at QUE and their distinct mass distribution, we conclude that the QUE 90201 shower includes up to 2000 fragments with a total recovered mass of 60–70 kg, <1% of the preatmospheric mass of approximately 50,000 kg. The mass distribution of the QUE 90201 shower suggests that the meteoroid experienced catastrophic atmospheric fragmentation(s), either because it was a fragile object or it had a high entry velocity.
Local Variations in the Impacts of Built Environments on Traffic Safety

This study examined the influence of built environments on crashes with different levels of injury severity, and employed Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regressions to test whether these relationships varied across different neighborhoods in Austin, Texas. The results showed that high-speed roads produced more total and fatal crashes, and their influence was stronger in downtown areas than in peripheral regions. Commercial and office areas experienced more injury crashes, especially in downtown locations. It is crucial to implement programs to reduce vehicle travel demand, retrofit high-speed roads, and design land areas that generate fewer vehicle trips, especially for downtown spaces.
Interleukin‐10 targets p38 MAPK to modulate ARE‐dependent TNF mRNA translation and limit intestinal pathology

Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) is a key inhibitory signal of inflammatory responses that regulates the production of potentially pathogenic cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF). We show here that the development of chronic intestinal inflammation in IL‐10‐deficient mice requires the function of TNF, indicating that the IL‐10/TNF axis regulates mucosal immunity. We further show that IL‐10 targets the 3′ AU‐rich elements (ARE) of TNF mRNA to inhibit its translation. Moreover, IL‐10 does not alter TNF mRNA stability, and its action does not require the presence of the stability‐regulating ARE binding factor tristetraprolin, indicating a differential assembly of stability and translation determinants on the TNF ARE. Inhibition of TNF translation by IL‐10 is exerted mainly by inhibition of the activating p38/MAPK‐activated protein kinase‐2 pathway. These results demonstrate a physiologically significant cross‐talk between the IL‐10 receptor and the stress‐activated protein kinase modules targeting TNF mRNA translation. This cross‐talk is necessary for optimal TNF production and for the maintenance of immune homeostasis in the gut.
A Communication Model for Small Messages with InfiniBand

Designing new and optimal algorithms for a specific architec ture requires accurate modelling of this architecture. This is especially needed to choose one out of di fferent solutions for the same problem or to proof a lower bound to a problem. Assumed that the model is highly ac cur te, a given algorithm can be seen as optimal solution if it reaches the lower bound. Therefore th accuracy of a model is extremely important for algorithmic design. A detailed model can also help to unders tand the architectural details and their influence on the running time of different solutions and it can be used t o erive better algorithms for a given problem. This work introduces some architectural specialities of th e InfiniBand network and shows that most widely used models introduce inaccuracies for sending small messa g with InfiniBand. Therefore a comparative model analysis is performed to find the most accurate model fo r InfiniBand. Basing on this analysis and a description of the architectural specialities of InfiniBand, a new, more accurate but also much complexer model called LoP is deduced from the LogP which can be used to assess th running time of different algorithms. The newly developed model can be used to find lower bounds for a lg ithmic problems and to enhance several algorithms.
Infall and Outflow of Molecular Gas in Sgr B2

Observations of two H2CO (303-202 and 321-220) lines and continuum emission at 1.3 mm toward Sgr B2(N) and Sgr B2(M) have been carried out with the SMA. The mosaic maps of Sgr B2(N) and Sgr B2(M) in both continuum and lines show a complex distribution of dust and molecular gas in both clumps and filaments surrounding the compact star formation cores. We have observed a decelerating outflow originated from the Sgr B2(M) core, showing that both the redshifted and blueshifted outflow components have a common terminal velocity. This terminal velocity is 58 ± 2 km s−1. It provides an excellent method for determination of the systematic velocity of the molecular cloud. The SMA observations have also shown that a large fraction of absorption against the two continuum cores is redshifted with respect to the systematic velocities of Sgr B2(N) and Sgr B2(M), respectively, suggesting that the majority of the dense molecular gas is flowing into the two major cores where massive stars have been formed. We have solved the radiative transfer in a multilevel system with LVG approximation. The observed H2CO line intensities and their ratios can be adequately fitted with this model for the most of the gas components. However, the line intensities between the higher energy level transition H2CO(321-220) and the lower energy level transition H2CO(303-202) is reversed in the redshifted outflow region of Sgr B2(M), suggesting the presence of inversion in population between the ground levels in the two K ladders (K−1 = 0 and 2). The possibility of weak maser processes for the H2CO emission in Sgr B2(M) is discussed.
Multidimensional hidden Markov model applied to image and video analysis

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Multidimensional Hidden Markov Model Applied to Image and Video Analysis Joakim Jitén Söderberg
Projecting global marine biodiversity impacts under climate change scenarios

Climate change can impact the pattern of marine biodiversity through changes in species’ distributions. However, global studies on climate change impacts on ocean biodiversity have not been performed so far. Our paper aims to investigate the global patterns of such impacts by projecting the distributional ranges of a sample of 1066 exploited marine fish and invertebrates for 2050 using a newly developed dynamic bioclimate envelope model. Our projections show that climate change may lead to numerous local extinction in the sub-polar regions, the tropics and semi-enclosed seas. Simultaneously, species invasion is projected to be most intense in the Arctic and the Southern Ocean. Together, they result in dramatic species turnovers of over 60% of the present biodiversity, implying ecological disturbances that potentially disrupt ecosystem services. Our projections can be viewed as a set of hypothesis for future analytical and empirical studies.
Tracking Bilingual Activation in the Processing and Production of Spanish Stress

Language dominance and language bias (or language mode) are two of the factors that have been proposed to modulate the level of cross-language activation reported in the bilingual language comprehension and language production literature (e.g., Grosjean, 1997; Guo & Peng, 2006; Ju & Luce, 2004; Marian & Spivey, 2003a; Soares & Grosjean, 1984; Spivey & Marian, 1999; Weber & Cutler, 2004). However, it is still unclear whether (and if so, how) these factors modulate both language comprehension and language production, and whether they interact with each other. The current dissertation uses two visual world eye-tracking experiments and an adaptation of this paradigm in speech production to further explore how language bias and a specific aspect of language dominance, namely language proficiency, modulate cross-language activation in bilingual word recognition and production. More specifically, this dissertation investigates the circumstances under which differences in stress placement between SpanishEnglish cognate words (e.g., material vs. material in Spanish and English, respectively) affect the recognition and production of a Spanish target word (e.g., materia “subject/matter”). This dissertation compares word recognition experiments with vs. without the explicit presence of the unintended language (English) to see whether competition effects from the English stress pattern are modulated by the language mode (from monolingual to bilingual) in which bilinguals are during the completion of the experiment. Cross-language activation is examined by manipulating the stress pattern of the cognate competitor in English (always stressed on the last syllable in Spanish). In one condition, the English cognate competitor is stressed on the second syllable, like the Spanish target (e.g., target: materia, competitor: material). In this condition, the competitor is predicted to interfere with the recognition of the Spanish target but not to interfere with its production. In the other condition,
Tesselation and Clustering by Mixture Models and Their Parallel Implementations

Clustering and tessellations are basic tools in data mining. The k-means and EM algorithms are two of the most important algorithms in the Mixture Model-based clustering and tessellations. In this paper, we introduce a new clustering strategy which shares common features with both the EM and k-means algorithms. Our methods also lead to more general tessellations of a spatial region with respect to a continuous and possibly anisotropic density distribution. Moreover, we propose some probabilistic methods for the construction of these clusterings and tessellations corresponding to a continuous density distribution. Some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our new approach. In addition, we also discuss the parallel implementation and performance of our algorithms on some distributed memory systems.
Linguistic Gender Sensitivity Strategies in Current South African Intermediate Phase English Workbooks: Feminisation or Degenderisation?

ABSTRACT This study extends research on manifestations of gender insensitivity in learners’ reading materials by shifting attention to the linguistic strategies that authors of current texts employ for the realisation of gender sensitivity. We analysed the content of 12 current (2014) English workbooks (Grade 4–6) used in South African government and public schools for gender sensitive strategies they employed. Most strategies sought to get round the problem caused by the lack of a singular third person gender neutral pronoun in the English Language. Although both feminisation and degenderisation strategies were apparent in the few strategies observed, we observe the difficulty of degenderising reading materials without radical reforms within the English language. We posit that the judicious combination of feminisation and degenderisation holds promise for gender sensitivity in texts.
Changing consumer water-use patterns and their effect on microbiological water quality as a result of an engineering intervention

A previous study done during 1994-1995 in a section of a large, low socio-economic urban development with limited sanitary facilities and drinking-water provision indicated that the community was exposed to water-related health risks when consuming the water supplied. The study indicated that, although the public supplied water was of a good quality, the stored water, once fetched from the standpipes, deteriorated to a quality often not safe for human consumption. Based on the findings of this previous study, the local authority decided to install standpipes for each individual family in the area concerned and these were placed in the house yards. The closer proximity of the standpipes immediately altered the water-fetching and storing patterns of the community. The consequent study, on which this abstract is based, assessed the potential risk of infection posed to health by the altered water-use pattern. Weekly water samples were collected from standpipes outside as well as from containers kept inside houses of selected families. Total coliforms, faecal coliforms, heterotrophic plate counts, Clostridium perfringens and somatic coliphages were used as microbiological indicators. Although the improvement of water accessibility enhanced the microbiological quality of stored water, the results indicated that hygienic quality still deteriorated. This situation indicated that a suitable education and information programme to enhance the quality gains of such engineering interventions should accompany engineering improvement of water accessibility.
Coronal-temporal correlations in GX 339-4: hysteresis, possible reflection changes and implications for advection-dominated accretion flows

We present spectral fits and timing analysis of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations of GX 339-4. These observations were carried out over a span of more than two years and encompassed both the soft/high and hard/low states. Two observations were simultaneous with Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics observations. Hysteresis in the soft-hard state transition is observed. The hard state exhibits a possible anticorrelation between coronal compactness (i.e. spectral hardness) and the covering fraction of cold, reflecting material. The correlation between 'reflection fraction' and soft X-ray flux, however, appears to be more universal. Furthermore, low-flux, hard-state observations - taken over a decline into quiescence - show that the Fe line, independent of 'reflection fraction', remains broad and at a roughly constant equivalent width, counter to expectations from advection-dominated accretion flow models. All power spectral densities of the hard-state X-ray light curves are describable as the sum of just a few broad, quasi-periodic features with frequencies that roughly scale as coronal compactness, l c , to the - 3/2 power. This is interpretable in a simple, toy model of an efficient spherical corona as variations of l c oc R t , where R t is the 'transition radius' between the corona and an outer thin disc. Similar to observations of Cyg X-1, time lags between soft and hard variability anticorrelate with coronal compactness, and peak shortly after the transition from the soft to the hard state. A stronger correlation is seen between the time lags and the 'reflection fraction'. These latter facts might suggest that the time lags are associated with the known, spatially very extended, synchrotron-emitting outflow.
Effects of Cogmed on Receptive and Expressive Language: A Case Study

Objective: Working memory capacity has been correlated with receptive and expressive language skills. Research suggests that CogmedTM, an adaptive working memory training program, improves working memory capacity. This study analyzed the effects of CogmedTM on trained working memory tasks and whether the presumed gains in working memory capacity generalized to improved language skills for a 10-year-old child with language deficits. Method: The six-week CogmedTM training was completed. CELF-4 was used to measure language skills at baseline and 7-months post-training. A sentence repetition task was used during the intervention. Results: The participant improved minimally on trained working memory tasks, more than one standard deviation below the average improvement reported by CogmedTM. There was no improvement on language measures. Conclusion: Working memory capacity may be improved through training, but far transfer effects are unlikely. The amount of resources and motivation needed to complete CogmedTM make it challenging to implement in a school setting.
Brain Development after Neonatal Intermittent Hyperoxia-Hypoxia in the Rat Studied by Longitudinal MRI and Immunohistochemistry

Background Neonatal intermittent hyperoxia-hypoxia (IHH) is involved in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity. Whether similar oxygen fluctuations will create pathological changes in the grey and white matter of the brain is unknown. Methods From birth until postnatal day 14 (P14), two litters (total n = 22) were reared in IHH: hyperoxia (50% O2) interrupted by three consecutive two-minute episodes of hypoxia (12% O2) every sixth hour. Controls (n = 8) were reared in room-air (20.9% O2). Longitudinal MRI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging and T2-mapping) was performed on P14 and P28 and retinal and brain tissue were examined for histopathological changes. Long-term neurodevelopment was assessed on P20 and P27. Results Mean, radial and axial diffusivity were higher in white matter of IHH versus controls at P14 (p < 0.04), while fractional anisotropy (FA) was lower in the hippocampal fimbria and tended to be lower in corpus callosum (p = 0.08) and external capsule (p = 0.05). White matter diffusivity in IHH was similar to controls at P28. Higher cortical vessel density (p = 0.005) was observed at P14. Cortical and thalamic T2-relaxation time and mean diffusivity were higher in the IHH group at P14 (p ≤ 0.03), and albumin leakage was present at P28. Rats in the IHH group ran for a longer time on a Rotarod than the control group (p ≤ 0.005). Pups with lower bodyweight had more severe MRI alterations and albumin leakage. Conclusion IHH led to subtle reversible changes in brain white matter diffusivity, grey matter water content and vascular density. However, alterations in blood-brain barrier permeability may point to long-term effects. The changes seen after IHH exposure were more severe in animals with lower bodyweight and future studies should aim at exploring possible interactions between IHH and growth restriction.
ANP and BNP plasma levels in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty

Introduction Atrial (ANP) and B-type (BNP) natriuretic peptides are hormones secreted by the heart as a response to volume expansion and pressure overload. Aim To assess the changes of ANP and BNP after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) and to investigate factors associated with endpoints. Material and methods The study included 96 patients (90.7% females, age 51.6 ±12.2 years) with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis (mitral valve area (MVA) 1.18 (1.01–1.33) cm2, mean mitral gradient (MMG) 8.2 (7.1–9.2) mm Hg, NYHA 2.09 (1.9–2.5)). Patients were followed up for 29.1 months for the search of endpoints. Results The PBMV was successful in all cases. After the procedure MVA increased (1.18–1.78 cm2, p < 0.01) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) decreased (29.8–21.8 mm Hg, p < 0.01). Concentration of ANP significantly rose 30 min after the PBMV (79.2 vs. 134.2 pg/ml, p = 0.012) and dropped significantly after 24 h (134.2 vs. 70.4 pg/ml, p = 0.01). Furthermore, after 36 months concentration of ANP did not differ from the baseline value (p = NS). BNP concentration at day 1 was lower than at baseline (94.5 vs. 80.2 pg/ml, p = 0.032). Moreover, during the follow-up period BNP continued to fall at all time points. In univariate analysis parameters associated with endpoint occurrence were baseline PAP (p = 0.023), baseline PCWP (p = 0.022), baseline NYHA (p = 0.041) and increase in 6-minute walk test (6MWT) (p = 0.043). In multivariate analysis the only factor associated with endpoint occurrence was baseline NYHA (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: –1.3–1.91, p = 0.022). Conclusions Patients with MS had increased levels of both BNP and ANP. Baseline NYHA class was found to be associated with outcomes after the procedure.
Principal components analysis-based visual saliency detection

In this paper, a novel patch-wise saliency detection algorithm is proposed based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). As a powerful statistical procedure in data analysis, PCA are fully exploited to convert color space and produce compact patch representation. Specifically, images are first converted to linearly uncorrelated channels and divided into non-overlapped patches. Then the patches are represented by the coefficients of principal components using PCA analysis. Based on the compact representation of patches, two types of distinctiveness are introduced: center-surround contrast and global rarity. Experimental results demonstrate that the PCA-based color space conversion and patch representation can improve the accuracy of human fixations prediction, and the proposed algorithm outperforms the mainstream algorithms on predicting human fixations.