Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of three different rotary instrumentation systems on crack formation in root dentin: An in vitro study

Introduction: Biomechanical preparation (BMP) of root canal damages the root dentin which becomes a gateway to dentinal cracks and thereby causing failure of the treatment. Therefore, there is a need of best instruments to minimize the failure of endodontic treatment. Aims and Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the incidence of cracks observed in the root dentin after root canal preparation with three different rotary instrument systems. Material and Methods: Seventy-five freshly extracted permanent maxillary incisors were randomly selected. Teeth were divided into five groups (n = 15), Group 1 – Untreated (negative control group), Group 2 – BMP done with nickel–titanium K-files (positive control group), Group 3 – BMP done with ProTaper Universal files, Group 4 – BMP done with ProTaper Next files, and Group 5 – BMP done with HyFlex EDM files. Roots were sectioned horizontally at 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm from the apex. All slices were then viewed under stereomicroscope. All findings were analyzed using Chi-square test. Observations and Results: In the apical third, Group 5 had maximum number of fracture cases while Group 4 had lesser number and Group 3 had the least. In the middle third, Group 3 had maximum number of fracture cases while Group 4 and Group 5 showed lesser number of fractures. In the cervical third, Group 3 and Group 4 showed equal and maximum number of fracture cases. Group 5 showed no fracture cases. Group 1 and Group 2 showed no fracture cases in all the root sections. Conclusion: Conventional hand instrumentation is the best as compared to rotary instrumentation. However, rotary systems render various benefits with an acceptable success in comparison to the conventional hand instrumentation. In our study, we found that HyFlex EDM rotary system was the best with least number of fracture as compared to other systems used.
New metabolites from the sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii J05B-7F-4

Abstract Two new metabolites, diorcinolic acid (1) and β-d-glucopyranosyl aspergillusene A (8), together with six diphenylethers (2–7), a diketopiperazine (9), a chromone (10) and a xanthone (11) were isolated from the fungus Aspergillus sydowii derived from the marine sponge Stelletta sp. The planar structures and their relative configurations were elucidated by analysing 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. Compound 8 is the first glycoside of phenolic bisabolane sesquiterpenes. Compounds 1 and 8 exhibited mild cytotoxicity against KB (human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells), HepG2 (human liver cancer cells) and HCT 116 (human colon cancer cells). All compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity and their abilities to suppress LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. Compounds 2 and 4–7 showed mild antibacterial activity against human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and fish pathogens Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio ichthyoenteri, and compounds 4 and 7 weakly suppressed NO production. Graphical Abstract
Systematic Error-Correcting Codes for Rank Modulation

The rank-modulation scheme has been recently proposed for efficiently storing data in nonvolatile memories. In this paper, we explore [n, k, d] systematic error-correcting codes for rank modulation. Such codes have length n, k information symbols, and minimum distance d. Systematic codes have the benefits of enabling efficient information retrieval in conjunction with memory-scrubbing schemes. We study systematic codes for rank modulation under Kendall's T-metric as well as under the ℓ∞-metric. In Kendall's T-metric, we present [k + 2, k, 3] systematic codes for correcting a single error, which have optimal rates, unless systematic perfect codes exist. We also study the design of multierror-correcting codes, and provide a construction of [k + t + 1, k, 2t + 1] systematic codes, for large-enough k. We use nonconstructive arguments to show that for rank modulation, systematic codes achieve the same capacity as general error-correcting codes. Finally, in the ℓ∞-metric, we construct two [n, k, d] systematic multierror-correcting codes, the first for the case of d = 0(1) and the second for d = Θ(n). In the latter case, the codes have the same asymptotic rate as the best codes currently known in this metric.
A DFT study of halogen atoms adsorbed on graphene layers

In this work, ab initio density functional theory calculations were performed in order to study the structural and electronic properties of halogens (X = fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine) that were deposited on both sides of graphene single layers (X–graphene). The adsorption of these atoms on only one side of the layer with hydrogen atoms adsorbed on the other was also considered (H,X–graphene). The results indicate that the F–C bond in the F–graphene system causes an sp2 to sp3 transition of the carbon orbitals, and similar effects seem to occur in the H,X–graphene systems. For the other cases, two configurations are found: bonded (B) and non-bonded (NB). For the B configuration, the structural arrangement of the atoms was similar to F–graphene and H–graphene (graphane), although the electronic structures present some differences. In the NB configuration, the interaction between the adsorbed atoms and the graphene layer seems to be essentially of the van der Waals type. In these cases, the original shape of the graphene layer presents only small deviations from the pristine form and the adsorbed atoms reach equilibrium far from the sheet. The F–graphene structure has a direct bandgap of approximately 3.16 eV at the Γ point, which is a value that is close to the value of 3.50 eV that was found for graphane. The Cl–graphene (B configuration), H,F–graphene and H,Cl–graphene systems have smaller bandgap values. All of the other systems present metallic behaviours. Energy calculations indicate the possible stability of these X–graphene layers, although some considerations about the possibility of spontaneous formation have to be taken into account.
Clinical Evaluation of Nano-Hydroxyapatite as Dentin Desensitizer

Objectives: This clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) in reducing dentin hypersensitivity individually or combined with fluoride. Materials and methods: Forty hypersensitive teeth from 10 patients with hypersensitive symptoms were treated using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp) gel at different concentrations/ sodium fluoride (NaF) containing according to four treatment groups: Group 1; 15% nHAp + 1% NaF, Group 2; 15% nHAp, Group 3;25% nHAp+ 1% NaF, Group 4; 25% nHAp. The initial sensitivity levels were recorded using a verbal rating scale (VRS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) at the baseline visit. The responses were evaluated at 0, 1 day, 1, 2 and 4 weeks respectively for all groups. Results: There was a high statistical significant differences between pain scores before and after treatment for all treated groups. There was statistically significantly high difference between 25% nHAp and the other groups, as they need 4 applications for complete relief while 25% nHAp needs only 3 applications. Conclusion: Nano-hydroxyapatite with 25% concentration was the most effective in alleviating the hypersensitivity symptoms.
Effects of temperature and humidity on radio signal strength in outdoor wireless sensor networks

Many wireless sensor networks operating outdoors are exposed to changing weather conditions, which may cause severe degradation in system performance. Therefore, it is essential to explore the factors affecting radio link quality in order to mitigate their impact and to adapt to varying conditions. In this paper, we study the effects of temperature and humidity on radio signal strength in outdoor wireless sensor networks. Experimental measurements were performed using Atmel ZigBit 2.4GHz wireless modules, both in summer and wintertime. We employed all the radio channels specified by IEEE 802.15. 4 for 2.4GHz ISM frequency band with two transmit power levels. The results show that changes in weather conditions affect received signal strength. Of the studied weather variables, variation in signal strength can be best explained by the variation in temperature. We also show that frequency diversity can reduce the effects of channel-specific variation, and the difference between the transmit power levels.
ROTORCRAFT SIMULATION MODELLING AND VALIDATION FOR CONTROL DESIGN AND LOAD PREDICTION

This paper describes the development and validation of a high fidelity simulation model of the Bell-412 in the FLIGHTLAB environment for handling qualities and flight control investigations. The base-line rotor model features a rigid, articulated blade-element formulation with flap and lag degrees of freedom. The spring strengths and locations are chosen to match the first flap and lag frequency of the soft-in-plane, hingeless Bell-412 rotor hub. The other key features of the base–line model are the inclusion of lag damper dynamics and a finite state dynamic inflow model. The base-line model gives good agreement for onaxis responses compared with flight test data over the speed range 15-120kt. However, prediction of-off axis responses are less satisfactory. Several model enhancement options available in FLIGHTLAB were introduced to obtain an improved off-axis response. It is shown that the pitch/roll off-axis responses in transient manoeuvres can be improved significantly by including the wake geometry distortion effect in the Peters-He finite state dynamic inflow model.
Analysis and Characterization of the SSMIS Upper Atmosphere Sounding Channel Measurements

Analyses and results of the radiometric calibration accuracy and measurement characteristics of the first Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)'s Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) upper atmosphere sounding (UAS) channels are presented herein. Launched on October 18, 2003, aboard the DMSP F-16 spacecraft in a sun-synchronous orbit, the SSMIS UAS channels provide the first operational measurements of microwave radiation emitted by the Earth's atmosphere at mesospheric altitudes. The analysis of the SSMIS radiometer absolute calibration and stability is based upon extensive comparisons with a fully polarimetric radiative transfer model (RTM) that solves for all four Stokes parameters using coincident atmospheric temperature profiles derived from collocated Rayleigh lidar observations merged with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting temperature analyses and climatological data sets. The resulting merged profiles provide a physically consistent temperature profile from the surface to 100 km, as needed by the RTMs. The results presented herein of the SSMIS instrument show that significant hardware and scientific technical challenges arise from microwave temperature sounding of the mesosphere. These include the following: 1) addressing the impact of large noise-equivalent temperature difference associated with narrow channel bandwidths; 2) achieving high channel center-frequency stability; 3) compensation of large spacecraft-induced Doppler shift; 4) better characterization of the Zeeman splitting of the oxygen absorption lines; 5) development of a fast polarimetric RTM; and 6) designing stable and accurate on-orbit radiometric calibration targets. Results to date show that the uncertainties of the calibration accuracy of the SSMIS UAS channels are consistent and in agreement with the limits derived for the SSMIS UAS channels and with the simulated radiances derived from the merged lidar profiles.
Nutritional care and support among adults living with HIV at Hawassa Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia: A qualitative study

Background Improving nutritional care and support for people living with HIV (PLHIV) is an integral part of comprehensive HIV treatment according to the National Nutritional Strategy of Ethiopia. However, there is no adequate published study that assesses the nutritional care and support services for adult people living with HIV/ AIDS (PLHIV) in this setting. Objective The objective of the study was to identify the existing nutritional care and support services and determine the challenges facing adults living with HIV at Hawassa Referral Hospital in southern Ethiopia. Methods A qualitative study was carried out using focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews and participant observation. Four FDGs were held and five in-depth interviews were conducted. A two-week participant observation was also conducted by trained nurses. All interviews and FDGs were tape-recorded and transcribed; those conducted in Amharic were translated back to English. Finally thematic analysis of the transcripts was performed. Results Most of the FDG participants were unsatisfied with their nutritional care and support services and expressed difficulty with disclosing their HIV status for fear of stigma and discrimination. The in-depth interviews and participant observation showed results similar to those of the FDG. Some key informants expressed a fear that such poor nutritional care and support may threaten the quality of life of people living with HIV and suggested that all stakeholders work on improving the services. Conclusion Current nutritional care and support services for people living with HIV are not well coordinated. They focus mainly on monthly supplementation of antiretroviral drugs and occasional handouts of food. The need to provide health education on antiretroviral drugs and nutrition, and to emphasise strategies aimed at improving the nutritional status of peoples living with HIV is critical. Furthermore, the study recommended strengthening the initiatives of some organisations regarding sustainable income-generating activities.
Prolonged QTc Interval Predicts Poststroke Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Background and Purpose— Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is often difficult to detect in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to assess the predictive value of a prolonged QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) in PAF detection after acute ischemic stroke. Methods— We enrolled 972 patients with acute ischemic stroke consecutively extracted from our observational stroke registry system. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) AF on the initial 12-lead ECG (n=171); (2) previously diagnosed PAF (n=47); and (3) the use of a cardiac pacemaker (n=10). Of the 972 patients, 744 (mean age, 67.6 years; men, 62.6%) were eligible for analysis. The clinical characteristics and 12-lead ECG findings of the patients with and without PAF were compared, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of poststroke PAF. Results— The poststroke cardiac work-up yielded 69 (9.3%) de novo PAF cases among the 744 patients. The QTc interval was significantly longer in patients with PAF than in those without PAF (436 versus 417 ms; P<0.001). Each 10-ms increase in the QTc interval was associated with an increased risk of PAF after multivariate adjustments (odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–1.61; P<0.001). The optimal threshold value of QTc interval calculated by a receiver-operating characteristic curve was 438 ms, and the area under the curve was 0.73 in this data set. Conclusions— The QTc interval prolongation is potentially a strong and useful predictor for poststroke PAF.
Dietary pattern and nutritional deficiencies among urban adolescents

Introduction: Adolescents are considered to be a nutritionally vulnerable segment of the population. There is a greater need to look into the nutritional status of adolescents but unfortunately, precise estimates of their dietary intake, dietary practices as well as nutritional deficiencies have been the least explored area. The general objective for conducting this study was to assess the dietary pattern and nutritional deficiencies among adolescents. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents in schools and colleges in the urban areas of Jhansi district in Uttar Pradesh. The study sample consisted of 400 school children in the age group of 10-19 years. Food consumption of the subjects was assessed using a 3-day food intake recall method. Results: Mean age of the adolescents was 14.16 years. More than half of the children studied had malnutrition (53.5%). Mean intake of calorie, protein, fat, iron, and vitamins A and C were lower than the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). The habitual dietary pattern indicated poor consumption of milk, liver, and leafy vegetables. In comparison to boys (31.5%), more girls (46%) were underweight. On seeing the association, nutritional status of these adolescents within the normal limits were found to be significantly higher in those from nuclear families (P < 0.001), those with better educated parents (P < 0.000), and those from families of higher socioeconomic status (P < 0.000). Conclusion: Overall, among the participants, there were both macro- and micronutrients deficiencies. Therefore, there is a need to encourage people to adopt small family norms, and a need for the sensitization of both adolescents and their parents through health and nutrition education (HNE) to improve the health and nutritional status of the adolescents.
Pregnancy and birth cohort resources in europe: a large opportunity for aetiological child health research.

BACKGROUND During the past 25 years, many pregnancy and birth cohorts have been established. Each cohort provides unique opportunities for examining associations of early-life exposures with child development and health. However, to fully exploit the large amount of available resources and to facilitate cross-cohort collaboration, it is necessary to have accessible information on each cohort and its individual characteristics. The aim of this work was to provide an overview of European pregnancy and birth cohorts registered in a freely accessible database located at http://www.birthcohorts. net. METHODS European pregnancy and birth cohorts initiated in 1980 or later with at least 300 mother-child pairs enrolled during pregnancy or at birth, and with postnatal data, were eligible for inclusion. Eligible cohorts were invited to provide information on the data and biological samples collected, as well as the timing of data collection. RESULTS In total, 70 cohorts were identified. Of these, 56 fulfilled the inclusion criteria encompassing a total of more than 500,000 live-born European children. The cohorts represented 19 countries with the majority of cohorts located in Northern and Western Europe. Some cohorts were general with multiple aims, whilst others focused on specific health or exposure-related research questions. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates a great potential for cross-cohort collaboration addressing important aspects of child health. The web site, http://www.birthcohorts. net, proved to be a useful tool for accessing information on European pregnancy and birth cohorts and their characteristics.
Optical, electromagnetic, and thermal modeling of near-field radiative energy transfer from plasmonic nanoantennas to ta magnetic recording medium

Developments in nanotechnology have brought new challenges in heat transfer and temperature control in nanoscale devices. In this thesis, the electromagnetic and thermal behavior of plasmonicnanoantennas are investigated when they are illuminated with a focused beam of light and placed in the vicinity of thin film magnetic layer structures. To investigate this problem, optical, electromagnetic, and thermal models are developed and integrated. An optical modeling tool is developed to define a tightly focused beam of light by utilizing Richards-Wolf theory, which is primarily based on ray-tracing of optical beams. An electromagnetic modeling tool is used to analyze nano antennas and thin-film magnetic layers in terms of electric field and dissipated power distribution profiles. A thermal modeling tool is developed to control the temperature distribution on nanoantennas and thin film magnetic layer structures. Optical, electromagnetic and heat transfer modeling tools are integrated and simulations are conducted by generating script files using MATLAB codes. Electromagnetic and heat transfer analysis are conducted for dipole, bowtie and arrow shaped nanoantennas. The conditions to obtain single optical and hot spots on the thin film magnetic layer are presented. A novel nanoantenna type is proposed to improve thermal performance. It has been demonstrated that dipole, bowtie and a newly proposed arrow-shaped nano antennas show similar electromagnetic behaviors while the arrow-shaped nano antenna shows significant improvement in terms of temperature control which yields low antenna temperatures.
Age Effects on Emotion Recognition in Facial Displays: From 20 to 89 Years of Age

Background/Study Context: An emotion recognition task that morphs emotional facial expressions from an initial neutral expression to distinct increments of the full emotional expression was administered to 482 individuals, 20 to 89 years of age. Methods: Participants assessed six basic emotions at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the full facial expression. Results: Participants in the three oldest age groups (60s, 70s, and 80s) demonstrated decreased performance for the recognition of the fear, anger, and sad emotions. Increased age was associated with increased recognition rates for the disgust expression, whereas no age effect was detected for the happy and surprise expressions. Covariate analyses revealed age effects were reduced by processing speed, but were unaffected by decision-making ability. The effects of age on individual emotions and levels of presentation are discussed. Conclusion: These findings suggest that age has the greatest impact on the recognition of the sad emotion and the greatest age effect at the 50% level of presentation across the adult life span.
Conditioned Subjective Responses to Socially Relevant Stimuli in Social Anxiety Disorder and Subclinical Social Anxiety.

UNLABELLED Although enhanced fear conditioning has been implicated in the origins of social anxiety disorder (SAD), laboratory evidence in support of this association is limited. Using a paradigm employing socially relevant unconditioned stimuli, we conducted two separate studies to asses fear conditioning in individuals with SAD and non-clinical individuals with high social anxiety (subclinical social anxiety [SSA]). They were compared with age-matched and gender-matched individuals with another anxiety disorder (panic disorder with agoraphobia) and healthy controls (Study 1) and with individuals with low social anxiety (Study 2). Contrary to our expectations, in both studies, self-report measures (ratings of anxiety, unpleasantness and arousal to the conditioned stimuli) of fear conditioning failed to discriminate between SAD or SSA and the other participant groups. Our results suggest that enhanced fear conditioning does not play a major role in pathological social anxiety. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE We used a social conditioning paradigm to study fear conditioning in clinical and subclinical social anxiety. We found no evidence of enhanced fear conditioning in social anxiety individuals. Enhanced fear conditioning may not be a hallmark of pathological social anxiety.