Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowing no fear

People with brain injuries involving the amygdala are often poor at recognizing facial expressions of fear, but the extent to which this impairment compromises other signals of the emotion of fear has not been clearly established. We investigated N.M. , a person with bilateral amygdala damage and a left thalamic lesion, who was impaired at recognizing fear from facial expressions. N.M. showed an equivalent deficit affecting fear recognition from body postures and emotional sounds. His deficit of fear recognition was not linked to evidence of any problem in recognizing anger (a common feature in other reports), but for his everyday experience of emotion N.M. reported reduced anger and fear compared with neurologically normal controls. These findings show a specific deficit compromising the recognition of the emotion of fear from a wide range of social signals, and suggest a possible relationship of this type of impairment with alterations of emotional experience.
THE EFFECT OF TRAINING ON THE DISCRIMINATION OF ENGLISH VOWELS

This study analyses the effect of training on the perception of English vowels by native speakers of Basque and Spanish. Participants were 109 university students who received a training course in English Phonetics and were asked to complete some questionnaires and vowel perception tests. The findings confirm that training exerts a positive effect on the perception of English vowels and that this effect is also related to the desire to acquire a native accent
Development of a Glycoprotein D-Expressing Dominant-Negative and Replication-Defective Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) Recombinant Viral Vaccine against HSV-2 Infection in Mice

ABSTRACT Using the T-REx (Invitrogen, California) gene switch technology and a dominant-negative mutant polypeptide of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)-origin binding protein UL9, we previously constructed a glycoprotein D-expressing replication-defective and dominant-negative HSV-1 recombinant viral vaccine, CJ9-gD, for protection against HSV infection and disease. It was demonstrated that CJ9-gD is avirulent following intracerebral inoculation in mice, cannot establish detectable latent infection following different routes of infection, and offers highly effective protective immunity against primary HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection and disease in mouse and guinea pig models of HSV infections. Given these favorable safety and immunological profiles of CJ9-gD, aiming to maximize levels of HSV-2 glycoprotein D (gD2) expression, we have constructed an ICP0 null mutant-based dominant-negative and replication-defective HSV-2 recombinant, CJ2-gD2, that contains 2 copies of the gD2 gene driven by the tetracycline operator (tetO)-bearing HSV-1 major immediate-early ICP4 promoter. CJ2-gD2 expresses gD2 as efficiently as wild-type HSV-2 infection and can lead to a 150-fold reduction in wild-type HSV-2 viral replication in cells coinfected with CJ2-gD2 and wild-type HSV-2 at the same multiplicity of infection. CJ2-gD2 is avirulent following intracerebral injection and cannot establish a detectable latent infection following subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization. CJ2-gD2 is a more effective vaccine than HSV-1 CJ9-gD and a non-gD2-expressing dominant-negative and replication-defective HSV-2 recombinant in protection against wild-type HSV-2 genital disease. Using recall response, we showed that immunization with CJ2-gD2 elicited strong HSV-2-specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. Collectively, given the demonstrated preclinical immunogenicity and its unique safety profiles, CJ2-gD2 represents a new class of HSV-2 replication-defective recombinant viral vaccines in protection against HSV-2 genital infection and disease.
Positive-negative asymmetry and bipolar contrast

Abstract Repertory grids in which personal acquaintances were evaluated on the basis of bipolar constructs (e.g., generous-stingy) were completed by 58 undergraduates. A “person format”, with all constructs applied to each acquaintance in turn, was assigned randomly to 29 students; a “construct format”, in which these acquaintances were evaluated successively on only 1 construct at a time, was assigned to the other 29. The relative frequency of positive evaluations in the construct format grids (0.62) was consistent with the golden section hypothesis, whereas that in the person format grids (0.66) was significantly higher. Theoretical implications of these findings were discussed in terms of H. Frank's (1964) theoretical definition of strikingness and V. A. Lefebvre's (1990) computational model of reflexion.
Familial Bereavement and Health in Adult Life Course Perspective.

This study examines possible connections between bereavement and poor health from an adult life course perspective. There is a need for research comparing the effects of bereavement at different life course stages and for different familial losses on the basis of sizable representative samples. With data from a large national survey, adults' reports of their health status are compared for those who have and have not experienced familial deaths within the previous five years. Younger and older adults provide comparatively little evidence of bereavement affecting health. The data show middle-aged adults to be most adversely affected, specifically for a loss of spouse or the loss of a sibling or sibling-in-law. Life course explanations of results are discussed and it is suggested that more attention be given especially to the experience of sibling bereavement in adulthood.
Culture and National Identity: 'The East' and European Integration

Relying on data from language use, religion and exposure to popular culture, this contribution evaluates the extent to which there is a cultural divide separating member states of the EU from Eastern European applicant states. To address this issue, the study makes three claims. First, despite the vibrancy of national cultures within Europe, there is an emergent cultural configuration that unites the continent. Second, the applicant states are very much part of this European cultural zone. In fact, with the cultural characteristics of the original six members of the EC held up as the European model, the applicant states are closer on several dimensions than are the later entrants into the EC. Third, there are greater incentives for individuals in the applicant states to co-ordinate culturally with the European configuration than for individuals living in the heart of Europe. The conclusion therefore is that there is no evidence of a cultural divide that would justify holding back membership of Eastern European states into the EU.
Low-Income Children's School Readiness: Parent Contributions Over the First Five Years

Early development is likely influenced by quality of early parenting and improvements or declines in quality over time. Little is known about how changes in different dimensions of parenting influence child outcomes, nor the relative sizes of associations when considering several aspects simultaneously. These questions are addressed in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project (N = 1273). Assessments occurred when children were 1, 2, 3, and 5 years old. Parent supportiveness (videotaped play interactions), home learning environment (observed), and depressive symptoms and parenting stress (self-report) were assessed. Children's school readiness at age 5 was assessed via receptive vocabulary, letter–word knowledge, observed emotion regulation, approaches toward learning, and behavior problems. In this low-income sample, early parenting as well as change over time predicted school readiness. Associations mostly followed predictions from the family stress model and cognitive stimulation models; learning environment and maternal supportiveness were most strongly associated with child vocabulary and letter–word knowledge, although supportiveness was also linked with observed emotion regulation, and learning environment early on was also linked with emotion regulation, and early learning environment was also linked with emotion regulation, and early learning environment was also linked with behavior problems and approaches toward learning. Depressive symptoms and parenting stress were more strongly associated with behavior problems, although early parenting stress was also associated with approaches toward learning and emotion regulation.
Control and early socioemotional development: Infant rhesus monkeys reared in controllable versus uncontrollable environments.

MINEKA, SUSAN; GUNNAR, MEGAN; and CHAMPOUX, MARIBETH. Control and Early Socioemotional Development: Infant Rhesus Monkeys Reared in Controllable versus Uncontrollable Environments. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1986, 57, 1241-1256. The effects of controllable versus uncontrollable appetitive stimulation on socioemotional development were studied in 20 infant rhesus monkeys reared in 5 peer groups consisting of 4 monkeys each. In 2 groups (Masters), subjects had access to operant manipulanda that permitted them to control the delivery of food, water, and treats. In 2 other groups (Yoked), subjects received access to these reinforcers noncontingently. In a fifth group (Standard Rearing Control), subjects were reared in a standard laboratory cage without access to the manipulanda and the variety of reinforcers available in the Master and Yoked groups. Subjects were introduced to these rearing environments during the second month of life; during the second half of the first year, tests of socioemotional behavior commenced. Results indicated that Master subjects displayed less fear, as measured by reactions to a mechanical toy robot, and exhibited more exploratory behavior, as measured by responses to a standard primate playroom, than did Yoked subjects. Master and Yoked subjects did not differ on measures of response to social separation from peers, unless opportunities to make active coping attempts were provided, in which case Master subjects appeared to adapt or cope better. On most measures, Yoked subjects did not differ from Standard Rearing Controls. Thus the above results could be attributed to the effects of experience with increased control over appetitive environmental events rather than to the effects of prolonged exposure to noncontingent or uncontrollable appetitive stimulation.
A common basis for modelling service-oriented and event-driven architecture

Component based approaches to Enterprise Architecture (EA) include Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Event Driven Architecture (EDA). Model-based approaches to EA support SOA in terms of components and services expressed as interfaces and messages. However, there are few modelbased approaches that support EDA even though SOA and EDA are both based on components. UML has components, however there is no support for events and no support for component patterns (or templates). This paper describes a simple extension to UML that supports both SOA and EDA. Components have both operation and event interfaces. The modelling language is implemented using a higher-order simulation language where templates are defined as functions over component definitions. The languages are described using a case study that has been implemented in Java.
Classification models of emotional biosignals evoked while viewing affective pictures

This study aims at finding the relationship between EEG-based biosignals and human emotions. Event Related Potentials (ERPs) are registered from 21 channels of EEG, while subjects were viewing affective pictures. 12 temporal features (amplitudes and latencies) were offline computed and used as descriptors of positive and negative emotional states across multiple subjects (inter-subject setting). In this paper we compare two discriminative approaches : i) a classification model based on all features of one channel and ii) a classification model based on one features over all channels. The results show that the occipital channels (for the first classification model) and the latency features (for the second classification model) have better discriminative capacity achieving 80% and 75% classification accuracy, respectively, for test data.
‘Race’-Education Policy as Social Control?

This paper focuses on the instrumentalist Marxist model which has been used to explain the policies of the British state in the field of ‘race’-education. After discussing the model's core assumptions and its application in this field the paper explores the model's explanatory adequacy through a case study of the role of the quasi-state agencies of the ‘race’-relations industry in developing ‘race’-education policy in initial teacher education. It ends by considering whether a new conceptual framework is needed to understand ‘race’-education policy.
On the Importance of the Microbiome and Pathobiome in Coral Health and Disease

The term 'microbiome' was first coined in 1988 and given the definition of a characteristic microbial community occupying a reasonably well defined habitat which has distinct physio-chemical properties. A more recent term has also emerged, taking this one step further and focusing on diseases in host organisms. The 'pathobiome' breaks down the concept of ‘one pathogen = one disease’ and highlights the role of the microbiome, more specifically certain members within the microbiome, in causing pathogenesis. The development of next generation sequencing has allowed large data sets to be amassed describing the microbial communities of many organisms and the field of coral biology is no exception. However, the choices made in the analytical process and the interpretation of these data can significantly affect the outcome and the overall conclusions drawn. In this review we explore the implications of these difficulties, as well as highlighting analytical tools developed in other research fields which hold substantial potential in helping to develop a deeper understanding of the role of the microbiome in disease in corals. We also make the case that standardisation of methods will substantially improve the collective gain in knowledge across research groups. We hope this review acts as a guide to researchers exploring this field of microbiome and pathobiome in coral research and acts as a jumping off point for future studies.
LANA: a lane extraction algorithm that uses frequency domain features

This paper introduces a new algorithm, called lane-finding in another domain (LANA), for detecting lane markers in images acquired from a forward-looking vehicle-mounted camera. The method is based on a novel set of frequency domain features that capture relevant information concerning the strength and orientation of spatial edges. The frequency domain features are combined with a deformable template prior, in order to detect the lane markers of interest. Experimental results that illustrate the performance of this algorithm on images with varying lighting and environmental conditions, shadowing, lane occlusion(s), solid and dashed lines, etc. are presented. LANA detects lane markers well under a very large and varied collection of roadway images. A comparison is drawn between this frequency feature-based LANA algorithm and the spatial feature-based LOIS lane detection algorithm. This comparison is made from experimental, computational and methodological standpoints.
Mindful Attention and Awareness: Relationships with Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation

Abstract The growing interest in mindfulness from the scientific community has originated several self-report measures of this psychological construct. The Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS) is a self-report measure of mindfulness at a trait-level. This paper aims at exploring MAAS psychometric characteristics and validating it for the Portuguese population. The first two studies replicate some of the original author’s statistical procedures in two different samples from the Portuguese general community population, in particular confirmatory factor analyses. Results from both analyses confirmed the scale single-factor structure and indicated a very good reliability. Moreover, cross-validation statistics showed that this single-factor structure is valid for different respondents from the general community population. In the third study the Portuguese version of the MAAS was found to have good convergent and discriminant validities. Overall the findings support the psychometric validity of the Portuguese version of MAAS and suggest this is a reliable self-report measure of trait-mindfulness, a central construct in Clinical Psychology research and intervention fields.
Publish or Politic: Referee Bias in Manuscript Review1

To clarify the role of cognitive bias in manuscript review, designated more and less politically liberal area specialists and nonspecialists were sent either of two versions of a brief empirical report contrasting student political activists' and nonactivists' psychological well-being. The forms were identical, except that all references to activists and to nonactivists in the results and discussion sections were interchanged. The referees, led to think that they were participating in a study of the usefulness of a closed-ended manuscript evaluation procedure, were asked to rate the article's publishability and the degree to which specific criteria for scientific quality were met. The main results confirmed the expectation that publication verdicts handed down about a paper containing information of social import are sometimes biased by a reviewer's political orientation. However, the results were largely null regarding the susceptibility to value-intrusion of scholarly inferences anchored to discrete criteria. Ego involvement is implicated as a mediator of biasing effects in the editorial process.
Socioemotional Experiences of Korean Families with Asthmatic Children

This studyfocuses on Koreanfamilies of asthmatic children in South Korea using a case study method to understand their experiences. Informants were 55 individual members from 16families. Analysis revealed that the parents perceived their child with asthma as having physical limitations, having psychological adjustments including both behavior changes and competence issues, and needing social adjustment. The parents reported management issues, their own emotional adjustments,feeling the burden of illness, and negative effects of the illness on the family. Thefamiliesfound the disease increasingly burdensome over time. The siblings were envious of the attention the asthmatic child received. Families experienced increased conflicts andfinancial strain.
Screening for fetal aneuploidies at 11 to 13 weeks

Effective screening for major aneuploidies can be provided in the first trimester of pregnancy. Screening by a combination of fetal nuchal translucency and maternal serum free‐β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A can identify about 90% of fetuses with trisomy 21 and other major aneuploidies for a false‐positive rate of 5%. Improvement in the performance of first‐trimester screening can be achieved by firstly, inclusion in the ultrasound examination assessment of the nasal bone and flow in the ductus venosus, hepatic artery and across the tricuspid valve, and secondly, carrying out the biochemical test at 9 to 10 weeks and the ultrasound scan at 12 weeks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adult romantic attachment styles and health-related measures

Two studies investigated whether there are differences in how individuals with secure, avoidant or anxious/ambivalent romantic adult attachment styles answer health-related questionnaires. In study 1, 111 young adults were divided into the three categorical Hazan and Shaver (1987) prototypes and completed a measure of coping resources. Individuals with a secure attachment style reported significantly more total coping resources than avoidant and anxious/ambivalent. The same pattern was found for emotional and social sub-scales. There was a different pattern of results for the other sub-scales, with secure reporting more cognitive resources than anxious/ambivalent, but there were no group differences for physical and spiritual/philosophical sub-scales. In study 2, 125 young adults completed the Hazan and Shaver prototypes, a dimensional measure of attachment, and measures of psychological and physical symptoms. The categorical and dimensional measures of adult attachment yielded similar results, with secure attachment associated with low levels of psychological symptoms and anxious/ambivalent associated with high levels of symptoms. There was no association between attachment and physical symptoms. These findings suggest the usefulness of measuring attachment styles when investigating health and coping.
Rhinocyllus conicus: Initial Evaluation and Subsequent Ecological Impacts in North America

Renewed debate over the risk of non-target effects in biological control reflects, in part, the recent quantification of direct and indirect ecological effects of the flowerhead weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus Frol. , in North America. To help resolve the issue, we review the published data for R. conicus from both Europe and North America: pre-release (1961-1968), post-release (1969-1985) and more recen t (1986-1999). Our aim was to determine the extent to which host range expansion on to native North American species, and the associated ecological effects, were predicted or predictable. Our overall conclusion is that more was known than is generally realized, yet more information would have been required to complete the initial assessment of ecological consequences. Three important points emerge. First, the potential effect of R. conicus on native North American species was not a major element of the testing programme. Second, the host range expansion observed is consistent with the pre-release and early post-release data, and so was predictable, if not predicted. The preand early post-release data showed that R. conicus could feed and develop on multiple Cirsium species, including two North American species. Third, we found that the studies needed to quantify the likely magnitude of feeding by R. conicus on North American Cirsium species, and thus the ecological consequences of that feeding, were not done. Instead, inferential arguments were used to suggest that any feeding by R. conicus on North American species would not be substantial. We conclude that there were sufficient data, which suggested that North American Cirsium species would be acceptable © CAB International 2001 . Evaluating Indirect Ecological Effects of Biological Control (eds E. Wajnberg, J.K. Scott and P.c. Quimby) 147 148 A. Gassmann and S.M. Louda host species, to have warranted further testing to define and quantifY the potential ecological side-effects of introducing R. conicus to North America. Contemporary concerns should now mandate such tests.