Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Kinase-Independent Role for Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 19 in p53 Response

ABSTRACT The human Mediator complex regulates RNA polymerase II transcription genome-wide. A general factor that regulates Mediator function is the four-subunit kinase module, which contains either cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) or CDK19. Whereas CDK8 is linked to specific signaling cascades and oncogenesis, the cellular roles of its paralog, CDK19, are poorly studied. We discovered that osteosarcoma cells (SJSA) are naturally depleted of CDK8 protein. Whereas stable CDK19 knockdown was tolerated in SJSA cells, proliferation was reduced. Notably, proliferation defects were rescued upon the reexpression of wild-type or kinase-dead CDK19. Comparative RNA sequencing analyses showed reduced expression of mitotic genes and activation of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism and the p53 pathway in CDK19 knockdown cells. SJSA cells treated with 5-fluorouracil, which induces metabolic and genotoxic stress and activates p53, further implicated CDK19 in p53 target gene expression. To better probe the p53 response, SJSA cells (shCDK19 versus shCTRL) were treated with the p53 activator nutlin-3. Remarkably, CDK19 was required for SJSA cells to return to a proliferative state after nutlin-3 treatment, and this effect was kinase independent. These results implicate CDK19 as a regulator of p53 stress responses and suggest a role for CDK19 in cellular resistance to nutlin-3.
Individual Differences and the Belief Bias Effect: Mental Models, Logical Necessity, and Abstract Reasoning

This study investigated individual differences in the belief bias effect, which is the tendency to accept conclusions because they are believable rather than because they are logically valid. It was observed that the extent of an individual's belief bias effect was unrelated to a number of measures of reasoning competence. Instead, as predicted by mental models theory, it was related to a person's ability to generate alternative representations of premises: the more alternatives a person generated, the less likely they were to show a belief bias effect. In contrast to belief effects, which were predicted by the number of alternatives generated, scores on logical reasoning tasks were predicted by an individual's understanding of the concept of logical necessity. These two mediating variables, ability to generate alternatives and understanding of logical necessity, were themselves predicted by similar variables, such as cognitive motivation and abstract reasoning ability. Our findings strongly support the m.
Ergodicity of Spike Trains: When Does Trial Averaging Make Sense?

Neuronal information processing is often studied on the basis of spiking patterns. The relevant statistics such as firing rates calculated with the peri-stimulus time histogram are obtained by averaging spiking patterns over many experimental runs. However, animals should respond to one experimental stimulation in real situations, and what is available to the brain is not the trial statistics but the population statistics. Consequently, physiological ergodicity, namely, the consistency between trial averaging and population averaging, is implicitly assumed in the data analyses, although it does not trivially hold true. In this letter, we investigate how characteristics of noisy neural network models, such as single neuron properties, external stimuli, and synaptic inputs, affect the statistics of firing patterns. In particular, we show that how high membrane potential sensitivity to input fluctuations, inability of neurons to remember past inputs, external stimuli with large variability and temporally separated peaks, and relatively few contributions of synaptic inputs result in spike trains that are reproducible over many trials. The reproducibility of spike trains and synchronous firing are contrasted and related to the ergodicity issue. Several numerical calculations with neural network examples are carried out to support the theoretical results.
The comprehension of verb agreement morphology by English-speaking children with specific language impairment

English-speaking children with specific language impairment (SLI) have well-documented difficulties with the production of grammatical morphemes related to agreement, as compared to both same-age and younger normally developing peers. However, comprehension of agreement-related morphemes has not been well studied in children with SLI, especially during the pre-school years. In two experiments, pre-schoolers with SLI and their normally developing peers were compared on their comprehension of third person singular, copula, and noun plural forms. The results showed that the children with SLI had poorer overall comprehension. Furthermore, the children with SLI appeared to rely primarily on the number cues that were present in the subject rather than on the verb agreement morphology. The findings are examined in light of several current accounts of the grammatical deficits found in children with SLI.
Psychosocial distress in haematological cancer survivors: An integrative review

&NA; Haematological cancers are becoming more prevalent, however, survival is also increasing. Many survivors are faced with psychosocial issues after treatment ends, and they may not receive the support they need. This review aims to examine peer reviewed literature reporting psychosocial distress faced by haematological cancer survivors in the early post‐treatment period. Database and hand searches were conducted between August and September 2015, with no year restriction. Eligible studies were those reporting on psychosocial sequelae in haematological cancer survivors up to 5 years post‐treatment. The search yielded 512 studies, of these only seven (five quantitative and two qualitative) included data that addressed psychosocial distress in early post‐treatment haematological cancer survivors. Data were thematically analysed to explore the presence and nature of distress. Most studies reported mild to moderate distress for survivors, with some evidence that younger age was an indicator of increased distress. However, predominately this review identified a gap in current literature regarding distress among this group of survivors. More research is needed to address the psychosocial issues facing this growing survivor group, to enable them to receive the support required to maintain good physical and psychological health in this period of the cancer trajectory and into the future.
A Tick Gut Protein with Fibronectin III Domains Aids Borrelia burgdorferi Congregation to the Gut during Transmission

Borrelia burgdorferi transmission to the vertebrate host commences with growth of the spirochete in the tick gut and migration from the gut to the salivary glands. This complex process, involving intimate interactions of the spirochete with the gut epithelium, is pivotal to transmission. We utilized a yeast surface display library of tick gut proteins to perform a global screen for tick gut proteins that might interact with Borrelia membrane proteins. A putative fibronectin type III domain-containing tick gut protein (Ixofin3D) was most frequently identified from this screen and prioritized for further analysis. Immunization against Ixofin3D and RNA interference-mediated reduction in expression of Ixofin3D resulted in decreased spirochete burden in tick salivary glands and in the murine host. Microscopic examination showed decreased aggregation of spirochetes on the gut epithelium concomitant with reduced expression of Ixofin3D. Our observations suggest that the interaction between Borrelia and Ixofin3D facilitates spirochete congregation to the gut during transmission, and provides a “molecular exit” direction for spirochete egress from the gut.
Examining the Efficacy of Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) on Irrational Beliefs and Anxiety in Elite Youth Cricketers

The use of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) in sport psychology has received scant research attention. Therefore, this study examines the efficacy of REBT (comprising three counselling sessions and two homework assignments) in decreasing irrational beliefs and cognitive-anxiety in four elite youth cricketers using a single-case multiple-baseline across-participants design. Visual and statistical analyses indicated that REBT reduced irrational beliefs and cognitive-anxiety in all participants. The applied issues surrounding the use of REBT in a youth sport context are discussed, along with guidance for its future use in sport psychology research.
A comparative study of traditional, inquiry-based, and research-based laboratory curricula: impacts on understanding of the nature of science

We explored the impact of laboratory curriculum on students' understanding of the nature of science at five US universities. The specific curricula studied were traditional (verification), inquiry-based, and research-based. The inquiry curriculum was Inquiries into Chemistry, and the research-based curriculum was developed by the Center for Authentic Science Practice in Education (CASPiE). Our findings suggest that laboratory curriculum is a strong factor in the development of students' discussions of theories and their conceptions of creativity in science. Students in the research-based laboratory curriculum demonstrated the most gains as a result of their laboratory when compared to their counterparts in the traditional and inquiry-based laboratories.
Managing masculinity: young men's identity work in focus groups

Displays of hegemonic masculinity within research contexts are often perceived to inhibit the collection of ‘good’ data and present a problem which the researcher must overcome. Instead of being seen as hindering the research process, this article takes such moments as ‘data’, which provide first hand insights into the way male sexuality is made within focus group settings. This environment is seen as constitutive of male sexual subjectivities in the way that it provides a public forum for young men's presentation of self. Through their talk about sexuality young men engage in the management of their own sexual identities, fashioning these through what they reveal and conceal about their sexual selves. In order to meet the objective of the focus group and discuss sexuality ‘seriously’ yet also preserve masculine identity, young men deploy discursive constructions in complex ways. Such demands render the maintenance of an identity which conforms to traditional constructions of masculinity precarious, so that constant slippage between projections of ‘hard’ and ‘softer’ versions of male sexuality occur.
Effective Bilingual Schools: Implications for Policy and Practice

A paradigm of the relation between bilingual program effectiveness and schoolwide effectiveness is presented. A case study of Calvin J. Lauderbach Community School, an elementary school in which both school and bilingual programs are effective, is presented. The analysis of Lauderbach highlights both the dynamic nature of the effective school and the mutually reinforcing interaction between bilingual programs and school context that produces high levels of student achievement. Implications for further research and for policy matters are presented and discussed in light of the Lauderbach case study.
Emotion, moral perception, and nursing practice

Abstract Many of the activities of clinical practice happen to, with or upon vulnerable human beings. For this reason numerous nursing authors draw attention to or claim a significant moral domain in clinical practice. A number of nursing authors also discuss the emotional involvement and/or emotional labour which is often experienced in clinical practice. In this article I explore the importance of emotion for moral perception and moral agency. I suggest that an aspect of being a good nurse is having an emotional sensitivity to other human beings (patients), because this emotional sensitivity allows the nurse to perceive more accurately the context and perspective of the patient. It is thus important to the moral agency of the nurse and to morally sensitive clinical practice. As such education of the emotions should be a feature of the moral education of the nurse. A useful conception of the role of educated emotion in the moral life can be discovered in Aristotelian ethics.
Gender Stereotypes, Occupational Roles, and Beliefs About Part-Time Employees

Subjects' beliefs about the communion and agency of part-time employees were compared with their beliefs about the communion and agency of homemakers, full-time employees, and persons without an occupational description. Female part-time employees were believed to be more communal and less agentic than female full-time employees as well as less communal than female homemakers. Male part-time employees were believed to be less agentic than male full-time employees as well as less communal and less agentic than both male homemakers and men without an occupational description. In addition, subjects believed that part-time employment is associated with different life situations for women and men. For women this situation is substantial commitment to domestic duties, whereas for men it is difficulty in finding full-time employment. These findings support the theory that stereotypes concerning the communion and agency of women and men are a product of the social roles that women and men have been observed to occupy.
Emotional Memory in Younger and Older Adults

textabstractThis thesis focuses on the interaction between emotion and cognition, which changes with advancing age. The goals of this project were to examine age differences in emotional modulation of long-term memory (LTM), short-term memory (STM), and emotion regulation. The main approach was to collect both behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data in younger and older adults during emotional memory and emotion regulation tests. In this thesis it is argued that the positivity effect can be defined as a trend for adults to increasingly process positive compared to negative and/or decreasingly process negative compared to positive information with advancing age. A positivity effect was not observed consistently across current and previous studies. Nevertheless, it was shown that behavioral and neurophysiological positivity effects co-occur, as they were present in memory performance and the Late Positive Potential (LPP). In a recognition memory test, ERP old/new effects revealed that emotional salience augmented recollection and post-retrieval processes in younger adults, but the familiarity process in older adults. In a STM task, emotional faces elicited smaller P3b during retrieval, suggesting that they were better maintained during the retention interval. Emotional faces also elicited a larger N250r during retrieval, suggesting that they were better perceived as repeated. No age differences were observed in the emotional modulation of STM. Finally, the absence of age differences in the emotion regulation effects on the LPP suggests that emotion regulation is unaffected by aging. With the mean population age rising, research on the life span development of emotional processing become more and more relevant.
A Review of Recent Research on the Golden Section

The Golden Section has long been considered by many to be the most pleasing proportion. Several recent experiments concerning its aesthetic quality are reviewed. While current measurement techniques are too imprecise to yield a definitive conclusion, the possibility still exists that the Golden Section is more pleasing than other proportions. Another set of studies dealing with a different aspect of the Golden Section is also reviewed. These studies indicate that the Golden Section informs the way we make distinctions such that whenever we divide one thing into two parts we tend to make the division using the Golden Section. Originally a concept in aesthetics, the Golden Section may also be useful for understanding other forms of experience in addition to the aesthetic.
The Psychological and Social Origins of Autobiographical Memory

Recent research on young children's memory for personal episodes provides new insights into the phenomenon of infantile amnesia, first identified by Freud. New research indicates that children learn to share memories with others, that they acquire the narrative forms of memory recounting, and that such recounts are effective in reinstating experienced memories only after the children can utilize another person's representation of an experience in language as a reinstatement of their own experience. This competence requires a level of mastery of the representational function of language that appears at the earliest in the mid to late preschool years.
An exploration of life skill development through sport in three international high schools

The positive relationship between adolescents’ sport participation and life skill development is widely acknowledged by various researchers. However, minimal research has explored the role of life skill development through school-based sport participation, specifically within international settings. In light of this consideration, this study examined the life skills developed through sport participation at three international high schools. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with high school student-athletes (n = 29). Participants’ responses were analysed using a constructivist approach. Results indicated that: (1) participants used sport as a means of social, emotional, and academic self-improvement, and (2) sport helped participants develop an ability to work with others. Most participants identified how they used life skills within the sport environment and the deliberate strategies they used to transfer them to other domains, while few participants indicated that their coaches used intentional strategies to facilitate life skill transfer from the sport environment to other domains.
Education for citizenship

This article considers how Argentina produces its citizens following its transition to democracy in the early 1980s. We ask how the schooling system is preparing the next generation to participate in the democratic political process, and the responsibilities of nation building in a world that has become more politically and economically entangled. The study reported here engages in content analyses of 1990s education law, curriculum standards and textbooks used in Argentina’s schools.
Virtual self-timed blocks for systems-on-chip

Intellectual properties (IP cores) are widely used as pre-designed and reusable units in various system-on-chip (SOC) designs, but their integration has presented difficulties for system designers. In this paper, we propose an approach to better reuse IP cores while maintain energy efficiency for SOC systems. Here we employ a so called self-timed event processor (STEP) to make each IP core into a virtual self-timed block. Much of the IP cores' pre-designed properties can be preserved and the new SOC systems that use virtual self-timed blocks can be more energy efficient. A MATLAB based investigation is carried out on an example STEP processor
An aspectual interface for supporting complex search tasks

With the increasing importance of search systems on the web, there is a continuing push to design interfaces which are a better match with the kinds of real-world tasks in which users are engaged. In this paper, we consider how broad, complex search tasks may be supported via the search interface. In particular, we consider search tasks which may be composed of multiple aspects, or multiple related subtasks. For example, in decision making tasks the user may investigate multiple possible solutions before settling on a single, final solution, while other tasks, such as report writing, may involve searching on multiple interrelated topics. A search interface is presented which is designed to support such broad search tasks, allowing a user to create search aspects, each of which models an independent subtask of some larger task. The interface is built on the intuition that users should be able to structure their searching environment when engaged on complex search tasks, where the act of structuring and organization may aid the user in understanding his or her task. A user study was carried out which compared our aspectual interface to a standard web-search interface. The results suggest that an aspectual interface can aid users when engaged in broad search tasks where the search aspects must be identified during searching; for a task where search aspects were pre-defined, no advantage over the baseline was found. Results for a decision making task were less clear cut, but show some evidence for improved task performance.
Emics and Etics: A Symbiotic Conception

Cross-cultural psychology involves both the cultural understandings of behaviour and the comparative analysis of these understandings. The emic and etic approaches proposed by Pike were seen by him as complementary, rather than alternative, or even conflicting, ways of achieving these understandings. With Pike’s original conception as a basis, the cultural and the comparative aspects of the field are viewed as symbiotic, allowing for ecological and cultural explorations of the development of human behaviour, both within and across settings.
Recipient reactions to aid

This article presents a comprehensive review of research and theory on reactions to help, organized in terms of four conceptual orientations (i.e., equity, attribution, reactance, and threat to self-esteem). For each orientation, the basic assumptions and predictions are discussed, supportive and nonsupportive data are reviewed, and an overall appraisal is offered. Threat to self-esteem is proposed as an organizing construct for research on reactions to help, and a model based on this construct is presented. It is argued that a formalized threat-to-self-esteem model is more comprehensive and parsimonious for predicting reactions to help than are equity, attribution, or reactance models.
Hemifield asymmetries in the spatial distribution of selective attention

Visual attention is involved in many everyday tasks, such as finding one’s shoes, driving, or looking for a face in a crowd. Often attention must be allocated or split onto more than one location. Yet how does the visual system accomplish this, and what cost does it have in terms of performance in visual tasks? This dissertation reports the results of an investigation of the claim that attention could be allocated to two or more non-contiguous locations simultaneously. This study uses a technique, which to the best of my knowledge, has not been used by other investigators studying the splitting of attention. The stimulus used in the current thesis consisted of four possible cue locations, with each potential location located in 45 degree increments (45, 135, 225, 315 degrees) at the same eccentricity. Experiment 1 replicated the results of previous attention studies, but using the new cueing paradigm. The results showed that the spotlight of attention could change location when multiple potential locations are present. The advantage of the new paradigm is the possibility of cueing different locations within and between visual hemifields. This was explored in Experiments 2 and 3, to examine the role of hemispheric asymmetries in the debate over multifocal attention. Specifically, two locations were cued in Experiment 2, and Experiment 3 examined the differences of splitting the attentional beam within and across hemifields. Finally, Experiment 4 investigated the effect of cueing all four locations at the same time. The results from the current thesis confirm that observers can allocate attention to two or more simultaneous locations, without observing any attentional enhancement coming from the in-between cued locations. However, these results stemmed from attending to two locations across hemifields. The present thesis provides more evidence in support of the ability to split attention, and describes the impact that multifocal attention plays in visual perception.