Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EDX-Element Analysis of the In Vitro Effect of Fluoride Oral Hygiene Tablets on Artificial Caries Lesion Formation and Remineralization in Human Enamel

Aim of this in-vitro-study was to assess the remineralization potential of a tooth cleaning tablet with different fluoride content quantitatively using EDX analysis. Twenty three caries free impacted third molars were examined; enamel surfaces were wax coated leaving two 3x4mm windows for exposure to demineralization/remineralization cycles. The teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 5 control and 6 experimental teeth each. Demineralization by standardized HEC-gel, pH 4.7 at 37°C for 72h, was alternated by rinsing in remineralization solution, pH 7.0 at 37°C for 72h, total challenge time 432h. The negative control group N was treated during remineralization cycles with saline; positive control group P was treated with remineralization solution; experimental group D1 was exposed to remineralization solution containing Denttabs®-tablets with 1450 ppm F; experimental group D2 was exposed to remineralization solution and Denttabs®-tablets with 4350 ppm F. Each tooth was cut into serial sections and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with EDX element analysis for assessment of the different zones of the lesions in 3 representative sections. Statistical analysis was based on the AVOVA test for repeated measurements and post hoc Bonferroni adjustment. The results showed a significantly higher Ca and P content in the body of the lesion in both fluoride treated groups compared to the controls. It can be concluded that higher concentrations of NaF may be more effective in remineralization of early advanced caries lesions.
Work-Family Balance as a Potential Strategic Advantage: a Hotel General Manager Perspective

This qualitative study is an exploratory attempt to investigate hotel general managers’ (GMs) perceived work—family balance/interface issues from a strategic perspective. Based on 49 in-person, in-depth, in-office, interviews with full-service hotel GMs, the authors identify current strategic issue perceptions (SIPs) of hotel GMs and explore potential relationships between these SIPs and work—family issues in the hotel industry. Findings suggest that work—family issues, including workplace flexibility, turnover, knowledge management, and career advancement are influenced by hotel culture and the GM’s management style; and when human resources are perceived as a competitive advantage by the hotel GMs, the work—family issues are indeed related to the hotel GM’s perceived strategic issues.
Bad data detection method for smart grids based on distributed state estimation

Bad Data Injection (BDI) in Smart Grid is considered to be the most dangerous cyber attack, as it might lead to energy theft on the end users, false dispatch on the distribution process, and device breakdown on the power generation. State Estimation and Bad Data Detection, which are applied to reduce the observation errors and detect false data in the traditional power grid, could not detect the bad data in smart grid. In this paper, three BDI attack cases in IEEE 14-bus system are designed to bypass the traditional bad data detection. The potential risks on economy and security are analyzed exploiting the MATPOWER. A new method based on Distributed State Estimation (DSE) is proposed to detect BDI, named as DSE-based bad data detection. The power system is divided into several subsystems, and a Chi-squares test is applied to detect the bad data respectively in each subsystem. Simulation results demonstrate that the DSE-based bad data detection can detect all bad data in three attack cases. Moreover, it can locate the bad data in specific subsystem which is helpful for the further identification.
Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Social Cognitive Factors on Employees' Non-Malicious Counterproductive Computer Security Behaviors: An Empirical Analysis

Employees’ non-malicious counterproductive computer security behaviors (CCSB) at work could put organizations’ information-related assets at risk, if unchecked. Using concepts from the social cognitive and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) theoretical frameworks, this study examined the effects of observational learning/modeling, social support, and OCB (i.e., helping behaviors and civic virtue) on employees’ desire to indulge in CCSB. A research model including the aforementioned factors was proposed and tested using the partial least squares (PLS) technique. A survey of Canadian professionals’ opinions was used. The result did not affirm the relationship between employees’ observational learning/modeling and intentions to engage in CCSB. The results, however, confirmed that social support and OCB (i.e., helping behaviors and civic virtue) have significant negative effects on intentions to engage in CCSB, which, in turn, has a significant positive effect on employees’ self-reported indulgence of CCSB at work.
Prevalence of occult leiomyosarcomas and atypical leiomyomas after laparoscopic morcellation of leiomyomas in reproductive-age women

STUDY QUESTION What is the prevalence of leiomyosarcomas and atypical leiomyomas after laparoscopic morcellation of fibroids in reproductive age women? SUMMARY ANSWER No case of leiomyosarcomas but seven atypical leiomyomas were found in 1216 subjects. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Although uterine sarcoma is a rare entity affecting usually older peri- or post-menopausal women, the Food and Drug Administration discourages use of laparoscopic power morcellation of uterine fibroids. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Retrospective review of data extracted from a single center database of 1216 consecutive women who underwent laparoscopic morcellation of 2582 unsuspicious leiomyomas between June 2003 and December 2015 and were followed-up until December 2016. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS A total of 1216 women, aged 18-45 years, underwent laparoscopic morcellation of 2582 apparently benign leiomyomas by the same surgeon and all specimen slides were examined by the same experienced pathologist. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The prevalence of leiomyosarcomas and atypical leiomyomas was 0% (95% CI: 0-0.3%) and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.23-1.18%) (six atypical-bizarre and one mitotically active leiomyoma) respectively. In addition, there were identified 34 cases of adenomyomas, 45 leiomyomas with infarcts, 81 cellular leiomyomas and 133 degenerated leiomyomas. No morcellator-associated complication was recorded and none of the patients included in this study required conversion to laparotomy. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Retrospective and single referral center study design. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Laparoscopic morcellation of unsuspicious leiomyomas after careful preoperative work up seems to be safe in women of reproductive age. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) None.
Generalised Spatial Modulation System with Multiple Active Transmit Antennas and Low Complexity Detection Scheme

A generalised spatial modulation (SM) scheme with multiple active transmit antennas, named as multiple active-spatial modulation (MA-SM), is proposed in this paper. By allowing multiple transmitting antennas in the SM system to transmit different symbols at the same time instant, MA-SM takes advantages of the low complexity of SM and high multiplexing gain of Vertical-Bell Lab Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) system. In the MA-SM system, the transmitted symbols are mapped into a high dimensional constellation space including the spatial dimension. The general principle for designing the efficient MA-SM for arbitrary number of transmit antennas and modulation scheme is presented. Moreover, a near-optimal detection scheme with low complexity for MA-SM is also proposed and analyzed. A closed form bound for the bit error probability (BEP) of the proposed detection scheme is also derived in this paper. Numerical results with the comparison among the existing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems such as space time block code (STBC) and V-BLAST demonstrate the efficiency of MA-SM.
Abnormal B lymphocyte development and autoimmunity in hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-deficient chimeric mice

Immune cells are exposed to low oxygen tensions as they develop and migrate between blood and different tissues, but the mechanisms by which lymphocytes adapt to hypoxia are poorly understood. Studies reported here of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in lymphocyte development and functions suggest that it has a critical role in regulation of these processes. HIF-1α deficiency in Hif1α−/− → Rag2−/− chimeric mice results in dramatic and cell lineage-specific defects, which include appearance of abnormal peritoneal B-1-like lymphocytes, with high expression of B220 (CD45) receptor-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase and autoimmunity (accumulation of anti-dsDNA antibodies and rheumatoid factor in serum, deposits of IgG and IgM in kidney and proteinuria) as well as distortions of maturation of B-2 lymphocytes in bone marrow.
The large-scale distribution of ammonia oxidizers in paddy soils is driven by soil pH, geographic distance, and climatic factors

Paddy soils distribute widely from temperate to tropical regions, and are characterized by intensive nitrogen fertilization practices in China. Mounting evidence has confirmed the functional importance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in soil nitrification, but little is known about their biogeographic distribution patterns in paddy ecosystems. Here, we used barcoded pyrosequencing to characterize the effects of climatic, geochemical and spatial factors on the distribution of ammonia oxidizers from 11 representative rice-growing regions (75–1945 km apart) of China. Potential nitrification rates varied greatly by more than three orders of magnitude, and were significantly correlated with the abundances of AOA and AOB. The community composition of ammonia oxidizer was affected by multiple factors, but changes in relative abundances of the major lineages could be best predicted by soil pH. The alpha diversity of AOA and AOB displayed contrasting trends over the gradients of latitude and atmospheric temperature, indicating a possible niche separation between AOA and AOB along the latitude. The Bray–Curtis dissimilarities in ammonia-oxidizing community structure significantly increased with increasing geographical distance, indicating that more geographically distant paddy fields tend to harbor more dissimilar ammonia oxidizers. Variation partitioning analysis revealed that spatial, geochemical and climatic factors could jointly explain majority of the data variation, and were important drivers defining the ecological niches of AOA and AOB. Our findings suggest that both AOA and AOB are of functional importance in paddy soil nitrification, and ammonia oxidizers in paddy ecosystems exhibit large-scale biogeographic patterns shaped by soil pH, geographic distance, and climatic factors.
Obesity resistance and deregulation of lipogenesis in Δ6‐fatty acid desaturase (FADS2) deficiency

Δ‐6‐fatty acid desaturase (FADS2) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the essential structural determinants of mammalian membrane lipid‐bilayers. We developed the auxotrophic fads2−/− mouse mutant to assess the enigmatic role of ω3‐ and ω6‐PUFAs in lipid homeostasis, membrane structure and function. Obesity resistance is another major phenotype of the fads2−/− mutant, the molecular basis of which is unknown. Phospholipidomic profiling of membrane systems of fads2−/−mice revealed diacylglycerol‐structures, deprived of PUFAs but substituted with surrogate eicosa‐5,11,14‐trienoic acid. ω6‐Arachidonic (AA) and ω3‐docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplemented diets transformed fads2−/− into AA‐fads2−/− and DHA‐fads2−/− mutants. Severely altered phospholipid‐bilayer structures of subcellular membranes of fads2−/− liver specifically interfered with maturation of transcription factor sterol‐regulatory‐element‐binding protein, the key regulator of lipogenesis and lipid homeostasis. This study strengthens the concept that specific PUFA‐substituted membrane phospholipid species are critical constituents of the structural platform operative in lipid homeostasis in normal and disease conditions.
Cumulative Dual Foreground Differences for Illegally Parked Vehicles Detection

Illegally parked vehicles on the urban road may create a traffic flow problem as well as a potential traffic accident, such as crashing between parked and other vehicles. Thus, the intelligent traffic monitoring system should be able to prevent this situation by integrating an illegally parked vehicle detection module. However, implementing such a module becomes more challenging due to road environments, such as weather conditions, occlusion, and illumination changing. Hence, this work addresses a method to implement an illegally parked vehicle detection based on the cumulative dual foreground differences from the short- and long-term background models, temporal analysis, vehicle detector, and tracking. The extensive experiments were conducted using both iLIDS and our proposed datasets to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with other methods. The results showed that the method is effective in detecting illegally parked vehicles and can be considered as part of the intelligent traffic monitoring system.
Novel Current Error Space Phasor Based Hysteresis Controller Using Parabolic Bands for Control of Switching Frequency Variations

A current error space phasor based simple hysteresis controller is proposed in this paper to control the switching frequency variation in two-level pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) inverter-fed induction motor (IM) drives. A parabolic boundary for the current error space phasor is suggested for the first time to obtain the switching frequency spectrum for output voltage with hysteresis controller similar to the constant switching frequency voltage-controlled space vector PWM-based IM drive. A novel concept of online variation of this parabolic boundary, which depends on the operating speed of motor, is presented. A generalized technique that determines the set of unique parabolic boundaries for a two-level inverter feeding any given induction motor is described. The sector change logic is self-adaptive and is capable of taking the drive up to the six-step mode if needed. Steady-state and transient performance of proposed controller is experimentally verified on a 3.7-kW IM drive in the entire speed range. Close resemblance of the simulation and experimental results is shown
Real-time classification of heartbeats using least square acceleration filter for ambulatory monitoring

This paper describes a novel algorithm for real-time heartbeat classification based on the least square acceleration filter (LSAF) and the linear discriminant function (LDF). QRS complex was detected by LSAF with 30th order and the features were extracted. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. The results showed the detection rate of 99% of the QRS complex and classification rate of 97% of various heartbeats such as normal beat, premature ventricular contraction, atrial premature contraction, left bundle branch block beat, and right bundle branch block beat. The algorithm was implemented on DSP chip in real time. We also compared the performance of the floating point simulation with that of fixed point simulation. There was no difference in the performance of the classification between the floating and fixed point simulation. But the computational cost of fixed point simulation was remarkably reduced than that of floating point simulation. It showed the possibilities that the proposed algorithm can be used effectively in the ambulatory monitoring.
Control of floral transition in the bioenergy crop switchgrass.

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a perennial warm season bunchgrass native to North America, has been a target in the U.S. as a renewable bioenergy crop because of its ability to produce moderate to high biomass yield on marginal soils. Delaying flowering can increase vegetative biomass production by allowing prolonged growth before switching to the reproductive phase. Despite the identification of flowering time as a biomass trait in switchgrass, the molecular regulatory factors involved in controlling floral transition are poorly understood. Here we identified PvFT1, PvAPL1-3 and PvSL1, 2 as key flowering regulators required from floral transition initiation to development of floral organs. PvFT1 expression in leaves is developmentally regulated peaking at the time of floral transition, and diurnally regulated with peak at approximately 2 h into the dark period. Ectopic expression of PvFT1 in Arabidopsis, Brachypodium and switchgrass led to extremely early flowering, and activation of FT downstream target genes, confirming that it is a strong activator of flowering in switchgrass. Ectopic expression of PvAPL1-3 and PvSL1, 2 in Arabidopsis also activated early flowering with distinct floral organ phenotypes. Our results suggest that switchgrass has conserved flowering pathway regulators similar to Arabidopsis and rice.
The impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the job satisfaction of dentists.

UNLABELLED The Two-Factor Theory of job satisfaction distinguishes between intrinsic-motivation (i.e. recognition, responsibility) and extrinsic-hygiene (i.e. job security, salary, working conditions) factors. The presence of intrinsic-motivation facilitates higher satisfaction and performance, whereas the absences of extrinsic factors help mitigate against dissatisfaction. The consideration of these factors and their impact on dentists' job satisfaction is essential for the recruitment and retention of dentists. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study is to assess the level of job satisfaction of German dentists and the factors that are associated with it. METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on a job satisfaction survey. Data were collected from 147 dentists working in 106 dental practices. Job satisfaction was measured with the 10-item Warr-Cook-Wall job satisfaction scale. Organizational characteristics were measured with two items. Linear regression analyses were performed in which each of the nine items of the job satisfaction scale (excluding overall satisfaction) were handled as dependent variables. A stepwise linear regression analysis was performed with overall job satisfaction as the dependent outcome variable, the nine items of job satisfaction and the two items of organizational characteristics controlled for age and gender as predictors. RESULTS The response rate was 95.0%. Dentists were satisfied with 'freedom of working method' and mostly dissatisfied with their 'income'. Both variables are extrinsic factors. The regression analyses identified five items that were significantly associated with each item of the job satisfaction scale: 'age', 'mean weekly working time', 'period in the practice', 'number of dentist's assistant' and 'working atmosphere'. Within the stepwise linear regression analysis the intrinsic factor 'opportunity to use abilities' (β = 0.687) showed the highest score of explained variance (R(2) = 0.468) regarding overall job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS With respect to the Two-Factor Theory of job satisfaction both components, intrinsic and extrinsic, are essential for dentists but the presence of intrinsic motivating factors like the opportunity to use abilities has most positive impact on job satisfaction. The findings of this study will be helpful for further activities to improve the working conditions of dentists and to ensure quality of care.
Penerapan Pendekatan Problem Solving Untuk MeningkatkanHasil Belajar IPA Fisika Pada Siswa Kelas VII SMPN 03 Brebes.

Pembelajaran umumnya masih berlangsung secara konvensional. Pemberian mata pelajaran IPA di SMP dimaksudkan untuk pengembangan ketrampilan berpikir. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan suatu metode pembelajaran yang mampu mengembangkan ketrampilan berpikir dan pengembangan pemecahan masalah secara ilmiah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian dengan pendekatan problem solving yang mampu membentuk siswa agar lebih terampil dalam proses pemecahan masalah yang terjadi dalam proses pembelajaran. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP N 3 Brebes tahun pelajaran 2010/2011. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan sampel, yaitu kelas VII D sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelas VII E sebagai kelompok kontrol yang dipilih secara random sampling. Pengambilan data penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode dokumentasi dan tes. Uji statistika yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji t pihak kanan. Hasil belajar kelompok eksperimen mengalami peningkatan akibat pengaruh pembelajaran dengan penerapan pendekatan problem solving dengan hasil perhitungan gain sebesar 0,52. Hasil analisis statistik dengan menggunakan uji t terhadap data hasil belajar siswa diperoleh thitung =6,896 dan ttabel = 1,9995 dengan α = 5%, dk = 68. Karena data diperoleh thitung > ttabel berarti H0 ditolak. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar pada kelompok eksperimen setelah diberi perlakuan berupa pembelajaran fisika pada pokok bahasan gerak dengan pendekatan problem solving. Saran yang dapat diberikan setelah melakukan penelitian ini adalah metode pembelajaran fisika pada pokok bahasan gerak dengan pendekatan problem solving dapat digunakan guru mata pelajaran fisika sebagai alternatif metode pembelajaran yang mampu memecahkan masalah pada pembelajaran fisika yang cenderung selalu dikaitkan dengan rumus-rumus, karena terbukti mampu menghasilkan hasil belajar yang lebih baik. Namun diperlukan ketrampilan guru dan keaaktifan guru dalam mengolah pembelajaran dengan pendekatan problem solving agar lebih efektif dan berjalan dengan lancar dan hasil yang ingin dicapai.
Application of survival analysis in breeding for longevity

Genetic evaluation for the length of productive life (LPL) in livestock species requires specific methods because of following reasons: (i) some animals are still alive at the time of evaluation and their complete LPL is not known, which implies that records of such individuals must be treated as censored; (ii) effects influencing LPL do not act linearly and vary with time; and (iii) the distribution of LPL data is often unknown and extremely skewed. Models based on survival analysis provide appropriate statistical tools for the analysis of LPL. These models are based on a hazard function λ(t) which describes the risk of being culled at time t conditional upon survival to time t. The hazard function of an animal is modeled as a product of a baseline hazard function, λ0(t), describing the ageing process, and a vector containing explanatory variables that supposedly influence the culling process and may depend on time. Because the form of λ0(t) is not always known with certainty, λ0(t) can be left unspecified, as in a Cox model. However, with complex models and large amount of data typical for national genetic evaluation, it is computationally advantageous to assume a parametric, e.g., Weibull hazard function. Such a model can also be easily extended to include a random sire or animal effect and enable estimation of genetic parameters for LPL. Routine genetic evaluation for LPL based on a Weibull model has been implemented in many countries worldwide. This paper gives an example of implementation of survival analysis techniques in dairy populations in Switzerland.