Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cop Culture: The Impact of Confrontation on the Working Personality of Frontline Gardai

The unofficial, internal culture of An Garda Siochana is an area where there has been a deficit of academic research and scrutiny despite it being existential to the public discourse on garda reform, especially in recent years. It has been pointed out that the lack of data on the organisational value system of the Irish police is due in part to the nascent state of criminological research in Ireland and a reluctance on the part of the Garda authorities to cooperate in research studies. The primary objective of this study was to explore one aspect of police culture: the impact of working in a confrontational and conflicted environment on individual frontline gardai as seen through the lens of their lived experiences. The responses of the research participants were then analysed and considered in the context of the existing theoretical framework of police occupational culture. A qualitative approach was adopted using the format of semi-structured interviews in order to allow the interviewees greater flexibility and scope in expressing their experiences and perceptions. The data sample group consisted of eight serving members which was evenly divided between gender, rank (garda or sergeant) and geographical location (Northern and Southern Divisions of the Dublin Metropolitan Region). When the data were analysed a number of common cultural themes emerged from the responses of the individual participants which conflated with some of the main characteristics of police culture as identified in the literature including: social isolation/solidarity; ‘gallows humour’ as a coping mechanism for dealing with the stresses of the job; suspiciousness/wariness; cynicism; a desire for action; and an ‘us versus them’ division of the social world. The principle conclusion of the research is that police culture in An Garda Siochana is formed by the experiences of young officers working in a confrontational environment. It also supports the theory that police forces in modern liberal, capitalist democracies, which face similar societal tensions, also share a range of distinctive cultural characteristics which are universal, stable and lasting. The primary recommendation is that much more comprehensive and expansive research is required in order to gain a greater understanding of the multidimensional occupational culture of the Irish police. Such detailed investigation is capable of providing invaluable and more enlightened insights for policy makers and stakeholders involved in the criminal justice sector.
The effects of a simulated nature experience on the physiological and behavioural responses of young children with post-traumatic stress symptoms

3 Chapter 1 . 4 Introduction . 4 The Canterbury Earthquakes . 4 Children and Natural Disasters . 5 Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms/Disorder (PTSD) . 5 Canterbury Children Post-Earthquake . 7 Childhood Disaster Trauma and Future Outcomes . 7 Hyperarousal Symptom . 8 Stress Exposure and the Brain . 12 Neurobiological Development and Exposure to Stress in Childhood . 15 Arousal Regulatory and Stress Activated Systems . 16 Interventions for Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms in Children . 22 Nature as a Potential Intervention for Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms . 27 Chapter 2 . 31 Literature Review . 31 Children and Nature . 38 Summary of Nature-Based Intervention Studies . 44 Summary of Effectiveness across Studies . 57 Analysis and Consideration of Methodology Across Studies . 84
Mice with altered BDNF signaling as models for mood disorders and antidepressant effects

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB support neuronal survival during development and promote connectivity and plasticity in the adult brain. Decreased BDNF signaling is associated with the pathophysiology of depression and the mechanisms underlying the actions of antidepressant drugs (AD). Several transgenic mouse models with decreases or increases in the amount of BDNF or the activity of TrkB signaling have been created. This review summarizes the studies where various mouse models with increased or decreased BDNF levels or TrkB signaling were used to evaluate the role of BDNF signaling in depression-like behavior. Although a large number of models have been employed and several studies have been published, no clear-cut connections between BDNF levels or signaling and depression-like behavior in mice have emerged. However, it is clear that BDNF plays a critical role in the mechanisms underlying the actions of AD.
USERS' SELECTION OF E-AUCTION WEBSITES IN CHINA: THE EFFECTS OF DESIGN, TRUST AND COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN

With the world’s second largest Internet population and a huge potential e-commerce market, China has been witnessing a remarkable growth of online auctions in recent years. However, there are few studies that have investigated the e-auction phenomena in China, and current literature gave little guidance on the design and development of eauction websites. To fill this void, this research compares and contrasts user’s perceptions toward two most popular e-auction websites: eBay China and Taobao. Besides investigating the differences of website design and trust-building mechanisms between these two websites, this research introduced the concept of Country-of-Origin (COO) into the research model and studied its effects on Chinese consumers’ selection of these two sites. The research results bring insights to the researchers who are interested in understanding China’s e-auction status and to the practitioners who want to expand eauction business in China.
Overview for the Second Shared Task on Language Identification in Code-Switched Data

We present an overview of the first shared task on language identification on codeswitched data. The shared task included code-switched data from four language pairs: Modern Standard ArabicDialectal Arabic (MSA-DA), MandarinEnglish (MAN-EN), Nepali-English (NEPEN), and Spanish-English (SPA-EN). A total of seven teams participated in the task and submitted 42 system runs. The evaluation showed that language identification at the token level is more difficult when the languages present are closely related, as in the case of MSA-DA, where the prediction performance was the lowest among all language pairs. In contrast, the language pairs with the higest F-measure where SPA-EN and NEP-EN. The task made evident that language identification in code-switched data is still far from solved and warrants further research.
Implementation aspects of a transmitted-reference UWB receiver

Summary In this paper, we discuss the design issues of an ultra wide band (UWB) receiver targeting a single-chip CMOS implementation for low data-rate applications like ad hoc wireless sensor networks. A non-coherent transmittedreference (TR) receiver is chosen because of its small complexity compared to other architectures. After a brief recapitulation of the UWB fundamentals and a short discussion on the major differences between coherent and non-coherent receivers, we discuss issues, challenges and possible design solutions. Several simulation results obtained by means of a behavioral model are presented, together with an analysis of the trade-off between performance and complexity in an integrated circuit implementation. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arterolane, a new synthetic trioxolane for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a phase II, multicenter, randomized, dose-finding clinical trial.

BACKGROUND Drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria necessitates development of novel drugs for treatment.The present study assessed the efficacy and safety of 3 dose levels of arterolane (RBx 11160), a synthetic trioxolane, for treatment of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel-group, dose-finding, phase II trial, 230 patients from 4 centers in Thailand, India, and Tanzania (mainland and Zanzibar) received either 50 mg (n=78), 100mg (n=76), or 200 mg (n=76) of arterolane once daily for 7 days. Patients (aged 13-65 years) with asexual parasite density of 1000-100,000 parasites/microL were included and were followed up for 28 days. The median time to 90% parasite clearance (PC90) was evaluated. RESULTS The median PC90 was longer in the group receiving the 50-mg dose (19.4 h), compared with the groups receiving the 100-mg dose (12.8 h) and 200-mg dose (12.6 h) (P < .01). The polymerase chain reaction-corrected adequate clinical and parasitological responses on day 28 were 63%, 71%, and 72% for the groups receiving the 50-mg, 100-mg, and 200-mg doses, respectively, by intention-to-treat analysis (odds ratio, 1.55; 95%confidence interval, 0.78-3.06, for comparison of the 200-mg and 50-mg dose groups). Treatment was generally well tolerated. No patient died or experienced any serious adverse event. Mild complaints were reported in <10%of the patients and were similar in the 3 groups. Biochemistry and hematological analyses did not show any signof drug toxicity in any patient. CONCLUSION Arterolane at daily doses of 100 and 200 mg is a rapidly acting, effective, and safe synthetic antimalarial drug, which may potentially represent an alternative to artemisinin derivatives in antimalarial combination therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00362050.
ON THE CLASS OF n-POWER QUASI-NORMAL OPERATORS ON HILBERT SPACE

Let T be a bounded linear operator on a complex Hilbert space H. In this paper we investigate some, properties of the class of n-power quasinormal operators , denoted [nQN ], satisfying Tn|T |2 − |T |2Tn = 0 and some relations between n-normal operators and n-quasinormal operators.
Non-lexical neural architecture for fine-grained POS Tagging

In this paper we explore a POS tagging application of neural architectures that can infer word representations from the raw character stream. It relies on two modelling stages that are jointly learnt: a convolutional network that infers a word representation directly from the character stream, followed by a prediction stage. Models are evaluated on a POS and morphological tagging task for German. Experimental results show that the convolutional network can infer meaningful word representations, while for the prediction stage, a well designed and structured strategy allows the model to outperform stateof-the-art results, without any feature engineering.
The Curious Case of CTE: Mediating Materialities of Traumatic Brain Injury

This article investigates how media discourses are sites for multiple “becomings” of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a neurobiological condition associated with repetitive brain trauma. I explain that these discourses are contexts in which multiple actors (journalists, scientists, athletes, and sports organizations) struggle to represent the material complexities of CTE through competing ways of knowing. My analysis reveals two tensions underlying debates about sport-related traumatic brain injury. First, my examination reveals discursive clashes between emotionally charged representations of CTE as an urgent public health problem and commentary cautioning audiences about the scientific uncertainty surrounding CTE. I illuminate how, in the face of this uncertainty, scientific conclusiveness remains privileged as the basis for meaningful action to improve athletes’ health. Second, inconsistencies across representations I examined illustrate how CTE defies a straightforward material-semiotic divide. These contradictions demonstrate how the materialities of CTE exceed the medico-scientific and lay discourses through which the condition is commonly known. I argue that such limitations should not enable stakeholders to overlook calls for drastic changes to how sports are played or deflect questions about how sports violence impacts athletes’ lives. Instead, this level of uncertainty should accelerate (rather than delay) challenges to socially acceptable levels of sports violence.
Claims and supporting evidence for self-adaptive systems: A literature study

Despite the vast body of work on self-adaption, no systematic study has been performed on the claims associated with self-adaptation and the evidence that exists for these claims. As such an insight is crucial for researchers and engineers, we performed a literature study of the research results from SEAMS since 2006 and the associated Dagstuhl seminar in 2008. The study shows that the primary claims of self-adaptation are improved flexibility, reliability, and performance of the system. On the other hand, the tradeoffs implied by self-adaptation have not received much attention. Evidence is obtained from basic examples, or simply lacking. Few systematic empirical studies have been performed, and no industrial evidence is reported. From the study, we offer the following recommendations to move the field forward: to improve evaluation, researchers should make their assessment methods, tools and data publicly available; to deal with poor discussion of limitations, conferences/workshops should require an explicit section on limitations in engineering papers; to improve poor treatment of tradeoffs, this aspect should be an explicit subject of reviews; and finally, to enhance industrial validation, the best academy-industry efforts could be formally recognized by the community.
Different Fast-Gate Regulation by External Cl− and H+ of the Muscle-Type Clc Chloride Channels

The fast gate of the muscle-type ClC channels (ClC-0 and ClC-1) opens in response to the change of membrane potential (V). This gating process is intimately associated with the binding of external Cl− to the channel pore in a way that the occupancy of Cl− on the binding site increases the channel's open probability (P o). External H+ also enhances the fast-gate opening in these channels, prompting a hypothesis that protonation of the binding site may increase the Cl− binding affinity, and this is possibly the underlying mechanism for the H+ modulation. However, Cl− and H+, modulate the fast-gate P o-V curve in different ways. Varying the external Cl− concentrations ([Cl−]o) shifts the P o-V curve in parallel along the voltage axis, whereas reducing external pH mainly increases the minimal P o of the curve. Furthermore, H+ modulations at saturating and nonsaturating [Cl−]o are similar. Thus, the H+ effect on the fast gating appears not to be a consequence of an increase in the Cl− binding affinity. We previously found that a hyperpolarization-favored opening process is important to determine the fast-gate P o of ClC-0 at very negative voltages. This [Cl−]o-independent mechanism attracted little attention, but it appears to be the opening process that is modulated by external H+.
Production of Fibronectin Binding Protein A at the Surface of Lactococcus lactis Increases Plasmid Transfer In Vitro and In Vivo

Lactococci are noninvasive lactic acid bacteria frequently used as protein delivery vectors and, more recently, as DNA delivery vehicles. We previously showed that Lactococcus lactis (LL) expressing the Fibronectin-Binding Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus (LL-FnBPA+) showed higher internalization rates in vitro in Caco-2 cells than the native (wt) lactococci and were able to deliver a eukaryotic Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) expression plasmid in 1% of human Caco-2 cells. Here, using the bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), one of the major cow's milk allergen, and GFP we characterized the potential of LL-FnBPA+ as an in vivo DNA vaccine delivery vehicle. We first showed that the invasive strain LL-FnBPA+ carrying the plasmid pValac:BLG (LL-FnBPA+ BLG) was more invasive than LL-BLG and showed the same invasivity as LL-FnBPA+. Then we demonstrated that the Caco-2 cells, co-incubated with LL-FnBPA+ BLG produced up to 30 times more BLG than the Caco-2 cells co-incubated with the non invasive LL-BLG. Using two different gene reporters, BLG and GFP, and two different methods of detection, EIA and fluorescence microscopy, we showed in vivo that: i) in order to be effective, LL-FnBPA+ required a pre-coating with Fetal Calf Serum before oral administration; ii) plasmid transfer occurred in enterocytes without regard to the strains used (invasive or not); iii) the use of LL-FnBPA+ increased the number of mice producing BLG, but not the level of BLG produced. We thus confirmed the good potential of invasive recombinant lactic acid bacteria as DNA delivery vector in vivo.
Transcendence in positive characteristic and special values of hypergeometric functions

Abstract We prove a simple transcendence criterion suitable for function field arithmetic. We apply it to show the transcendence of special values at non-zero rational arguments (or more generally, at algebraic arguments which generate extension of the rational function field with less than q places at infinity) of the entire hypergeometric functions in the function field (over 𝔽 q ) context, and to obtain a new proof of the transcendence of special values at non-natural p-adic integers of the Carlitz–Goss gamma function. We also characterize in the balanced case the algebraicity of hypergeometric functions, giving an analog of the result of F. R. Villegas, based on Beukers–Heckman results and E. Landau's method in the classical hypergeometric case.
STRANGERS IN OUR FATHERLAND: EXAMPLES OF SUBTLE XENOPHOBIA IN NIGERIA?

Throughout the history of mankind, preference and preservation of one's kin or kind has been evident, an up-close observation of this behaviour birthed such theories as kin selection, social identity theory, realistic group conflict theory and reciprocal altruism. The sense of ''weness'' and ''theyness'' has largely precipitated most devastating wars and conflicts that have besieged the world, though incompatible goals or scarce resources are usually fronted as responsible. Such wars and conflicts have been called by different names like racism, xenophobia, nationalism or ethnocentrism. The term xenophobia has particularly gained wide recognition most especially in the wake of South-Africa’s crisis in the past. Nigeria has equally experienced such conflicts in the past and still does, however the magnitude of the violence in Nigeria has been played down due to the term used to describe such violence; sometimes it is called prejudice or discrimination or sometimes ethnocentrism or hegemony. This paper makes the argument that the phenomenon of xenophobia exists in Nigeria, may be more common than we realise and also may be an adaptive mechanism employed by people for personal and group survival. Examples of xenophobic acts in Nigeria are discussed and theoretical explanations for their existence and perpetuation are addressed, together with recommendations of managing their occurrences. Article visualizations:
Implementation and performance evaluation of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) using WARP

The main problem in high data rate transmision is frequency selective fading due to multipath propagation. This fading causes deep fade on signal spectrum at one particular frequency. To overcome this problem, many researchers proposed a multi-carrier technique, which divides wideband signal bandwidth into multiple narrowband signal before transmitted using certain number of subcarriers. By using this technique, the depth fade can be localized, hence only one subcarrier will be affected such that the number of error bit can be minimize. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a form of multi-carrier technique which uses bandwidth effectively. This OFDM system can be implemented on Wireless Open-Access Research Platform (WARP) that is one of the Software Defined Radio (SDR). By implementing OFDM on WARP module, the bit error rate (BER) system performance can be analysis in the real channel. The implementation of OFDM technique on WARP modul is based on IEEE 802.11 standard. If the range between transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) short enough (less than 10 m), the distance variation didn't affect the BER performance significantly. Whereas, if there is an obstacle between transmitter and receiver, the BER will increase significantly compared no obstacle (dear condition) for short range Tx-Rx distance. For example, BER is 0 in clear condition when the transmit power is -26.125 dBm, meanwhile the BER value is 9.3 × 10-6 in obstacle condition and for short range distance, the objects near propagation path provide reflected signal power with significant contribution.
Linguistic inter-understanding gives evidence in favor of the mental models theory: Induction and comprehension

Linguistic inter-understanding is a communicative phenomenon that is well known and that has been studied in detail. It basically consists of the fact that an individual speaking a language is able to understand another person speaking a different language, and this without deeply knowing this last language or being able to express himself/herself in it. The phenomenon, which is especially frequent in the case of very similar languages, occurs because of certain inferential processes that can happen in the human mind when people try to interpret information in a distinct language. In this way, the main aim of this paper is to show how such processes are very akin to some of those that the mental models theory attributes to the human reasoning ability, and that hence linguistic inter-understanding can be considered as evidence that this last theory is, at least partially, correct.
Hydropower's Biogenic Carbon Footprint

Global warming is accelerating and the world urgently needs a shift to clean and renewable energy. Hydropower is currently the largest renewable source of electricity, but its contribution to climate change mitigation is not yet fully understood. Hydroelectric reservoirs are a source of biogenic greenhouse gases and in individual cases can reach the same emission rates as thermal power plants. Little is known about the severity of their emissions at the global scale. Here we show that the carbon footprint of hydropower is far higher than previously assumed, with a global average of 173 kg CO2 and 2.95 kg CH4 emitted per MWh of electricity produced. This results in a combined average carbon footprint of 273 kg CO2e/MWh when using the global warming potential over a time horizon of 100 years (GWP100). Nonetheless, this is still below that of fossil energy sources without the use of carbon capture and sequestration technologies. We identified the dams most promising for capturing methane for use as alternative energy source. The spread among the ~1500 hydropower plants analysed in this study is large and highlights the importance of case-by-case examinations.