Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic residues and microbial contamination in pasteurized whole milk intended for human consumption

Background and Aim: Milk contamination for human consumption is one of the biggest concerns worldwide. To prevent milk contamination, it is important to implement sustainable production practices that ensure animal health and guarantee veterinary drugs have been used properly. This study aimed to detect antibiotic residues and microbial contamination in commercially available pasteurized whole milk intended for human consumption. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on all brands of pasteurized milk (n = 17) for human consumption in Medellin, Colombia, from February 30 to April 30, 2022. Six milk samples of each brand were collected every 15 days, resulting in 102 samples. IDEXX SNAPduo ST Plus test (IDEXX Laboratories Inc, Maine, USA) was used to detect cephalosporins residues to detect beta-lactam and tetracyclines. We detected mesophilic aerobic bacteria and coliforms using Chromocult Coliform Agar (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) and Plate-Count Agar (Merck KGaA), respectively. Results: Beta-lactam residues were found in 24.4% of the brands. No tetracyclines or cephalosporins were detected. Mesophilic aerobic bacteria and coliform contamination were detected in 42.6% and 12.8% of the brands, respectively. No fecal coliform contamination was detected. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the presence of antibiotic residues and microbial contamination in commercially available pasteurized whole milk intended for human consumption in the study area, highlighting its potential public health implications. Keywords: biological contamination, cow milk, drug residues, food safety.
The influence of riparian vegetation on water quality in a mixed land use river basin

Worldwide, agricultural activities are associated with environmental impacts including riparian degradation and increased waterway pollution. The Fitzroy Basin of Central Queensland lies within the Brigalow Belt Bioregion, which is currently experiencing the highest rates of tree clearing in Australia driven by grazing activities, and this is likely to increase riparian degradation. Local riparian condition, however, has not been consistently monitored within the Fitzroy Basin, and its relationship with water quality has not been well established. This study assessed riparian condition of waterways in the Fitzroy Basin using two established scoring methods (the Rapid Appraisal of Riparian Condition and the Australian Rivers Assessment System Habitat Assessment) and statistically investigated the relationship between stream water quality and local riparian condition. Twelve sites in six waterways were sampled four times over two years, during ambient (nonflood) conditions. Upstream creeks with poorer riparian condition had elevated dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved manganese, sulfate, and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations. High concentrations of these water quality variables were associated with poor local riparian scores in principal components analysis. Dissolved manganese and sulfate were included in the multiple regression model for riparian scores (r values: 0.83 to 0.86; p < 0.001), and DOC and TN were very significantly negatively correlated with riparian scores (r values: −0.55 to −0.69; p < 0.001). Overall, the results suggest that protecting riparian vegetation in the Fitzroy Basin and restoring degraded riparian zones could aid in improving water quality in waterways within this region.
Do television and electronic games predict children's psychosocial adjustment? Longitudinal research using the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Background Screen entertainment for young children has been associated with several aspects of psychosocial adjustment. Most research is from North America and focuses on television. Few longitudinal studies have compared the effects of TV and electronic games, or have investigated gender differences. Purpose To explore how time watching TV and playing electronic games at age 5 years each predicts change in psychosocial adjustment in a representative sample of 7 year-olds from the UK. Methods Typical daily hours viewing television and playing electronic games at age 5 years were reported by mothers of 11 014 children from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Conduct problems, emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems, hyperactivity/inattention and prosocial behaviour were reported by mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Change in adjustment from age 5 years to 7 years was regressed on screen exposures; adjusting for family characteristics and functioning, and child characteristics. Results Watching TV for 3 h or more at 5 years predicted a 0.13 point increase (95% CI 0.03 to 0.24) in conduct problems by 7 years, compared with watching for under an hour, but playing electronic games was not associated with conduct problems. No associations were found between either type of screen time and emotional symptoms, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems or prosocial behaviour. There was no evidence of gender differences in the effect of screen time. Conclusions TV but not electronic games predicted a small increase in conduct problems. Screen time did not predict other aspects of psychosocial adjustment. Further work is required to establish causal mechanisms.
Media violence and the American public. Scientific facts versus media misinformation.

Fifty years of news coverage on the link between media violence and aggression have left the U.S. public confused. Typical news articles pit researchers and child advocates against entertainment industry representatives, frequently giving equal weight to the arguments of both sides. A comparison of news reports and scientific knowledge about media effects reveals a disturbing discontinuity: Over the past 50 years, the average news report has changed from claims of a weak link to a moderate link and then back to a weak link between media violence and aggression. However, since 1975, the scientific confidence and statistical magnitude of this link have been clearly positive and have consistently increased over time. Reasons for this discontinuity between news reports and the actual state of scientific knowledge include the vested interests of the news, a misapplied fairness doctrine in news reporting, and the failure of the research community to effectively argue the scientific case.
ArvandHerd: Parallel Planning with a Portfolio

ArvandHerd is a parallel planner that won the multi-core sequential satisficing track of the 2011 International Planning Competition (IPC 2011). It assigns processors to run different members of an algorithm portfolio which contains several configurations of each of two different planners: LAMA-2008 and Arvand. In this paper, we demonstrate that simple techniques for using different planner configurations can significantly improve the coverage of both of these planners. We then show that these two planners, when using multiple configurations, can be combined to construct a high performance parallel planner. In particular, we will show that ArvandHerd can solve more IPC benchmark problems than even a perfect parallelization of LAMA-2011, which won the satisficing track at IPC 2011. We will also show that the coverage of ArvandHerd can be further improved if LAMA-2008 is replaced by LAMA-2011 in the portfolio.
Competition in the Portuguese Economy:An overview of classical indicators

This article offers an extensive overview of competition indicators in the Portuguese economy in the period 2000-2009. The article covers qualitative competition indicators as well as classicalprofitability and concentration measures, focusing on the differences between tradable and non-tradable sectors. The analysis carried out is distinct from that of competition authorities, aiming to set an overall scenario for competition developments. The article concludes that, although there are apparently no widespread problems, there is substantial room for improvements in business competition environment in several markets, notably in the non-tradable area.
Exploring decision drivers on god class detection in three controlled experiments

Context: Code smells define potential problems in design of software. However, some empirical studies on the topic have shown findings in opposite direction. The misunderstanding is mainly caused by lack of works focusing on human role on code smell detection. Objective: Our aim is to build empirical support to exploration of the human role on code smell detection. specifically, we investigated what issues in code make a human identify a class as a code smell. We called these issues decision drivers. Method: We performed a controlled experiment and replicated it twice. We asked participants to detect god class (one of the most known smell) on different software, indicating what decision drivers they adopted. Results: The stronger drivers were "class is high complex" and "method is misplaced". We also found the agreement on drivers' choice is low. Another finding is: some important drivers are dependent of alternative support. In our case, "dependency" was an important driver only when visual resources were permitted. Conclusion: This study contributes with the comprehension of the human role on smell detection through the exploration of decision drivers. This perception contributes to characterize what we called the "code smell conceptualization problem".
Cloning and expression of bacterial ice nucleation genes in Escherichia coli

Epiphytic populations of Pseudomonas syringae and Erwinia herbicola are important sources of ice nuclei that incite frost damage in agricultural crop plants. We have cloned and characterized DNA segments carrying the genes (ice) responsible for the ice-nucleating ability of these bacteria. The ice region spanned 3.5 to 4.0 kilobases and was continuous over this region in P. syringae Cit7R1. The cloned fragments imparted ice-nucleating activity in Escherichia coli. Substantial increases in the nucleating activity of both E. coli and P. syringae were obtained by subcloning the DNA fragments on multicopy plasmid vectors. Southern blot analysis showed substantial homology between the ice regions of P. syringae and E. herbicola, although individual restriction sites within the ice regions differed between the two species.
Modification of Rice Flour and Its Potential Use in the Food Industry.

Rice flour was modified with either 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0% acetic or succinic anhydride for 1, 6 and 18 hr under basic conditions. The pH was maintained above 7.0 using either sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. The results showed that modified rice flours had lower fat content as compared with the unmodified rice flour (control) . The type of anhydride significantly influenced the fat content of rice flour. Ash content of rice flour increased significantly due to the anhydride concentrations and alkali type. Significant differences were also found in the protein content of modified rice flours due to the use of anhydride and alkali types. Different concentrations of anhydrides alkali types resulted in an increase in the total color and chromaticity differences from the control. In general, solutions of modified rice flour had better clarity than that of the control. Flour slurries behavior under neutral and acidic conditions was altered by modification with the anhydrides. Significant differences were found among the peak viscosities at 95°C, viscosities after holding at 95°C for 30 minutes and the setback viscosity of modified rice flours. Flour modification resulted in production of rice bread with better quality and acceptability when compared with bread produced with unmodified rice flour. Breads with larger volume, softer crumb and better taste were produced from modified rice flour. Although seme modifications resulted in inferior quality breads. x v Electron micrographs of rice flour and rice breads revealed that modification with anhydrides influenced their ultrastructure noticably in canparison with that of unmodified rice flour and bread.
Identification of an Active Sequence within the First Immunoglobulin Domain of Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) That Interacts with Fibrinogen*

Monocytic cells bind fibrinogen (fg) through integrin αMβ2. fg-bound monocytic cells demonstrate an enhanced adhesion to endothelial cells, which is dependent on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Our studies differentiate fg interactions with stimulated and resting endothelial cells, which are ICAM-1 dependent and independent, respectively. This report documents a direct interaction between fg and intact ICAM-1 and with a two-Ig domain form of ICAM-1. A small region within the first Ig domain of ICAM-1, ICAM-1-(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21) (KVILPRGGSVLVTC), was identified to interact with fg in a specific and selective manner. ICAM-1-(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21) bound to plasmin-derived fg fragments X, D100, and D80 but not to fragment E. Consistent with this finding, fg γ-chain peptide, fg-γ-117-133, blocked fg interaction with ICAM-1-(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21). ICAM-1-(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21) peptide and antibodies directed against ICAM-1-(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21) also blocked the adhesion and binding of ICAM-1-bearing Raji cells with fg. ICAM-1-(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21) and fg-γ-117-133 are likely to be one of the contact pairs mediating fg-ICAM-1 interactions.
Identify Experts from a Domain of Interest

User networks are beginning to be increasingly difficult to manage because of the large volume of information which is circulated within them. For example, in the Yahoo! Answers network, the large number of questions makes the identification of an expert, who would be the most suited to answer a question, a long-lasting process (currently this process is semi-automatic). This paper proposes an automatic identification method of a human expert, who would be the most suited to answer a question from a certain user of Yahoo network.
Subarachnoid Extension of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage is Associated With Poor Outcomes

Background and Purpose— Extension of hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space is observed in primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), yet the phenomenon has undergone limited study and is of unknown significance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence, characteristics, and clinical consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage extension (SAHE) in ICH on functional outcomes. Methods— Patients with primary ICH were enrolled into a prospective registry between December 2006 and June 2012. Patients were managed and serial neuroimaging was obtained per a structured protocol. Presence of any subarachnoid blood on imaging was identified as SAHE by expert reviewers blinded to outcomes. Regression models were developed to test whether the occurrence of SAHE was an independent predictor of functional outcomes as measured with the modified Rankin Scale. Results— Of 234 patients with ICH, 93 (39.7%) had SAHE. Interrater agreement for SAHE was excellent (kappa=0.991). SAHE was associated with lobar hemorrhage location (65% of SAHE vs 19% of non-SAHE cases; P<0.001) and larger hematoma volumes (median 23.8 vs 6.7; P<0.001). Fever (69.9% vs 51.1%; P=0.005) and seizures (8.6% vs 2.8%; P=0.07) were more common in patients with SAHE. SAHE was a predictor of death by day 14 (odds ratio, 4.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.88–10.53; P=0.001) and of higher (worse) modified Rankin Scale scores at 28 days (odds ratio, 1.76 per mRS point; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–3.05; P=0.012) after adjustment for ICH score. Conclusions— SAHE is associated with worse modified Rankin Scale independent of traditional ICH severity measures. Underlying mechanisms and potential treatments of SAHE require further study.
Elderly Patient Satisfaction toward Nursing Care Quality in Najran Hospitals at Najran City, KSA

Background: Perceived patient satisfaction is one indicator to measure quality of the nursing care. Purpose : The present study aimed to assess patient’s satisfaction towards nursing care quality in Najran Hospitals at Najran city southern of Saudi Arabia. Methods : A descriptive cross sectional study design was conducted between Octobers to December 2019. The sample of the study consisted of 333 patients who admitted to the different hospital departments and voluntarily agree to partake in the study. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire (Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQQ). It is rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed by statistical Package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: Of 333 participants in the present study. The main finding revealed that the proportion of overall satisfaction toward quality of nursing care was 250(75.08%) of participant were satisfied and 83 (24.92%) of participants were dissatisfied. Male patient 165(66.5%) more satisfied with nursing care than female 83(33.5). Married
A biophysically-based neuromorphic model of spike rate- and timing-dependent plasticity

Current advances in neuromorphic engineering have made it possible to emulate complex neuronal ion channel and intracellular ionic dynamics in real time using highly compact and power-efficient complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) analog very-large-scale-integrated circuit technology. Recently, there has been growing interest in the neuromorphic emulation of the spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) Hebbian learning rule by phenomenological modeling using CMOS, memristor or other analog devices. Here, we propose a CMOS circuit implementation of a biophysically grounded neuromorphic (iono-neuromorphic) model of synaptic plasticity that is capable of capturing both the spike rate-dependent plasticity (SRDP, of the Bienenstock-Cooper-Munro or BCM type) and STDP rules. The iono-neuromorphic model reproduces bidirectional synaptic changes with NMDA receptor-dependent and intracellular calcium-mediated long-term potentiation or long-term depression assuming retrograde endocannabinoid signaling as a second coincidence detector. Changes in excitatory or inhibitory synaptic weights are registered and stored in a nonvolatile and compact digital format analogous to the discrete insertion and removal of AMPA or GABA receptor channels. The versatile Hebbian synapse device is applicable to a variety of neuroprosthesis, brain-machine interface, neurorobotics, neuromimetic computation, machine learning, and neural-inspired adaptive control problems.
Acute encephalopathy with bilateral thalamotegmental involvement in infants and children: imaging and pathology findings.

PURPOSE To investigate the imaging and pathologic characteristics of acute encephalopathy with bilateral thalamotegmental involvement in infants and children. METHODS Five Japanese children ranging in age from 11 to 29 months were studied. We performed CT imaging in all patients, 10 MR examinations in four patients, and an autopsy in one patient. RESULTS The encephalopathy affected the thalami, brain stem tegmenta, and cerebral and cerebellar white matter. The brain of the autopsied case showed fresh necrosis and brain edema without inflammatory cell infiltration. Petechiae and congestion were demonstrated mainly in the thalamus. CT and MR images showed symmetric focal lesions in the same areas in the early phase. These lesions became more demarcated and smaller in the intermediate phase. The ventricles and cortical sulci enlarged. MR images demonstrated T1 shortening in the thalami. The prognosis was generally poor; one patient died, three patients were left with severe sequelae, and only one patient improved. CONCLUSIONS The encephalopathy might be a postviral or postinfectious brain disorder. T1 shortening in the thalami indicated the presence of petechiae.
Evidence for Absolute Moral Opposition to Genetically Modified Food in the United States

Public opposition to genetic modification (GM) technology in the food domain is widespread (Frewer et al., 2013). In a survey of U.S. residents representative of the population on gender, age, and income, 64% opposed GM, and 71% of GM opponents (45% of the entire sample) were “absolutely” opposed—that is, they agreed that GM should be prohibited no matter the risks and benefits. “Absolutist” opponents were more disgust sensitive in general and more disgusted by the consumption of genetically modified food than were non-absolutist opponents or supporters. Furthermore, disgust predicted support for legal restrictions on genetically modified foods, even after controlling for explicit risk–benefit assessments. This research suggests that many opponents are evidence insensitive and will not be influenced by arguments about risks and benefits.
Narcolepsy and H1N1 vaccination: a link?

Purpose of review A number of European countries have reported a dramatic increase in the rates of childhood narcolepsy with cataplexy in children immunized with a split-virion adjuvanted swine flu vaccine. Here, we review the strengths and weaknesses of these epidemiological studies and possible neuroimmunological mechanisms. Recent findings Initial concerns of a 13-fold increased relative risk of narcolepsy were raised by the Scandinavian health protection agencies in 2010. Subsequent retrospective studies support these findings in Canada, France, Ireland, England and Denmark. The cases are predominantly young children who present with severe and rapid onset of cataplexy as well as narcolepsy often within a few weeks of vaccination. The proposed mechanism for postvaccination narcolepsy is one in which an environmental trigger causes or enhances an antibody-mediated autoimmune response in patients with a preexisting genetic susceptibility. However, there have not yet been any reports of specific autoimmunity, either antibody or T-cell-mediated. Summary There is a strong association between narcolepsy and H1N1 vaccination. However, whether this reflects a true increase in affected individuals or a hastening of disease onset in individuals who would otherwise have developed narcolepsy later will become clear in the coming years. The pathological explanation of this association and narcolepsy is likely to be autoimmune, although supportive evidence is lacking. Video abstract available: See the Video Supplementary Digital Content 1 (http://links.lww.com/COPM/A9).
High Prevalence of Both Humoral and Cellular Immunity to Zaire ebolavirus among Rural Populations in Gabon

To better understand Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) circulation and transmission to humans, we conducted a large serological survey of rural populations in Gabon, a country characterized by both epidemic and non epidemic regions. The survey lasted three years and covered 4,349 individuals from 220 randomly selected villages, representing 10.7% of all villages in Gabon. Using a sensitive and specific ELISA method, we found a ZEBOV-specific IgG seroprevalence of 15.3% overall, the highest ever reported. The seroprevalence rate was significantly higher in forested areas (19.4%) than in other ecosystems, namely grassland (12.4%), savannah (10.5%), and lakeland (2.7%). No other risk factors for seropositivity were found. The specificity of anti-ZEBOV IgG was confirmed by Western blot in 138 individuals, and CD8 T cells from seven IgG+ individuals were shown to produce IFN-γ after ZEBOV stimulation. Together, these findings show that a large fraction of the human population living in forested areas of Gabon has both humoral and cellular immunity to ZEBOV. In the absence of identified risk factors, the high prevalence of “immune” persons suggests a common source of human exposure such as fruits contaminated by bat saliva. These findings provide significant new insights into ZEBOV circulation and human exposure, and raise important questions as to the human pathogenicity of ZEBOV and the existence of natural protective immunization.