Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of ions on sulfuric acid‐water binary particle formation: 2. Experimental data and comparison with QC‐normalized classical nucleation theory

We report comprehensive, demonstrably contaminant‐free measurements of binary particle formation rates by sulfuric acid and water for neutral and ion‐induced pathways conducted in the European Organization for Nuclear Research Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets chamber. The recently developed Atmospheric Pressure interface‐time of flight‐mass spectrometer was used to detect contaminants in charged clusters and to identify runs free of any contaminants. Four parameters were varied to cover ambient conditions: sulfuric acid concentration (105 to 109 mol cm−3), relative humidity (11% to 58%), temperature (207 K to 299 K), and total ion concentration (0 to 6800 ions cm−3). Formation rates were directly measured with novel instruments at sizes close to the critical cluster size (mobility size of 1.3 nm to 3.2 nm). We compare our results with predictions from Classical Nucleation Theory normalized by Quantum Chemical calculation (QC‐normalized CNT), which is described in a companion paper. The formation rates predicted by the QC‐normalized CNT were extended from critical cluster sizes to measured sizes using the UHMA2 sectional particle microphysics model. Our results show, for the first time, good agreement between predicted and measured particle formation rates for the binary (neutral and ion‐induced) sulfuric acid‐water system. Formation rates increase with RH, sulfuric acid, and ion concentrations and decrease with temperature at fixed RH and sulfuric acid concentration. Under atmospheric conditions, neutral particle formation dominates at low temperatures, while ion‐induced particle formation dominates at higher temperatures. The good agreement between the theory and our comprehensive data set gives confidence in using the QC‐normalized CNT as a powerful tool to study neutral and ion‐induced binary particle formation in atmospheric modeling.
The Constant Comparative Analysis Method Outside of Grounded Theory

This commentary addresses the gap in the literature regarding discussion of the legitimate use of Constant Comparative Analysis Method (CCA) outside of Grounded Theory. The purpose is to show the strength of using CCA to maintain the emic perspective and how theoretical frameworks can maintain the etic perspective throughout the analysis. My naturalistic inquiry model shows how conceptual frameworks and theoretical frameworks can be integrated when using the CCA method. Keywords: Constant Comparison, Constant Comparative Analysis, Theoretical Framework, Conceptual Framework, Critical Discourse Analysis, Naturalistic Inquiry Grounded Theory (GT) use has spread to various fields of study since Glaser and Strauss’ (1967) introduction of the methodology (Tan, 2010, p. 94). A review of the literature on the Constant Comparative Method shows the same movement. CCA, as a technique or method, appears to be considered as synonymous with GT. O’Connor, Netting, and Thomas’ (2008) review of the GT literature shows a steady growth over the last several decades in the use of CCA within GT methodology. A review of dissertation abstracts from 2004 shows that GT is used in various ways. The authors highlight that 35% of the dissertations that state grounded theory in their dissertation abstracts, keywords, and/or titles focus on the use of the CCA method, but lack a definitive approach towards the development of a substantive theory. The problem appears to be a gap in the literature regarding discussion of the legitimate use of the CCA method outside of GT. The purpose of this commentary is to show the strength in using CCA to maintain the emic perspective (participant’s view as insider) and how theoretical frameworks can maintain the etic perspective (outsider/ distant concepts) throughout the analysis. The commentary answers the question: What is the benefit of using CCA method outside of GT? Tan’s (2010) review of the literature presents the question about the use of the terms
The Therapeutic Effect of Vitamin C in an Animal Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Produced by Prolonged Hindpaw Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats

Objectives: It is known that increased free radicals from oxidative stress are one of the major causes of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that vitamin C has a dose-related treatment effect in a chronic post-ischemic pain (CPIP) model. Methods: A total of 49 male rats weighing 250 to 350 g were used. The 4 treatment groups were control (no medication), group 1.0 (administration of 1 mg/day for vitamin C for 5 days), group 2.5 (administration of 2.5 mg/day vitamin C for 5 days), and group 7.5 (administration of 7.5 mg/day vitamin C for 5 days). The 50% mechanical withdrawal threshold and total blood antioxidant status (TAS) were measured before and after administration of vitamin C. Results: Twenty-eight CPIP model rats were generated from 49 rats. Seven rats were randomly allocated to each group. The 50% mechanical withdrawal threshold of group 2.5 (after the administration of vitamin C) was higher than that of the control group and group 1.0 (P < 0.05). At 1 day of the administration of vitamin C, the 50% mechanical withdrawal threshold of group 1.0 was higher than that of the control group and the blood levels of TAS in groups 2.5 and 7.5 were higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). Twelve days after the administration of vitamin C, the blood levels of TAS in groups 2.5 and 7.5 were lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Discussion: The administration of a proper dose of vitamin C can reduce oxidative stress, increase antioxidants, and recover the threshold for mechanical allodynia in the CPIP model.
The Willingness to Change Risky Health Behaviors among Chinese Rural Residents: What We Learned from a Population-Based Esophageal Cancer Cohort Study

Background The effectiveness of health interventions can be impaired by low socio-economic status and poor living conditions of the target population. However, the specifics of this problem in rural China are still unclear, and appropriate strategies should be explored. Methods In 2013, we conducted a questionnaire-based investigation among 410 participants from a population-based esophageal cancer cohort study in rural Anyang, China. Information regarding their demographic characteristics, levels of exposure to four health-risk behaviors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, risky dietary behaviors and poor hygiene, as well as willingness to change these behaviors, and data on potential predictors of willingness to change behaviors were collected. Results In this study, 33.3% (23/69), 25.0% (13/52), 60.7% (68/112) and 62.2% (237/381) of respondents reported that they were willing to change smoking, alcohol consumption, risky dietary behaviors and poor hygiene, respectively. Older people had higher exposure levels and less willingness to change these four health-risk behaviors. The levels of these four health-risk behaviors were negatively associated with willingness to change, while faith in people and behavioral change in surrounding people increased willingness to change risky behaviors. Conclusions In behavior-intervention-based health-promotion programs in rural China, the elderly and highly exposed populations should be the most difficult part and community- or household-based intervention would be more efficient.
Using Labeled and Unlabeled Data to Learn Drifting Concepts

For many learning tasks, where data is collected over an extended period of time, one has to cope two problems. The distribution underlying the data is likely to change and only little labeled training data is available at each point in time. A typical example is information filtering, i. e. the adaptive classification of documents with respect to a particular user interest. Both the interest of the user and the document content change over time. A filtering system should be able to adapt to such concept changes. Since users often give little feedback, a filtering system should also be able to achieve a good performance, even if only few labeled training examples are provided. This paper proposes a method to recognize and handle concept changes with support vector machines and to use unlabeled data to reduce the need for labeled data. The method maintains windows on the training data, whose size is automatically adjusted so that the estimated generalization error is minimized. The approach is both theoretically well-founded as well as effective and efficient in practice. Since it does not require complicated parameterization, it is simpler to use and more robust than comparable heuristics. Experiments with simulated concept drift scenarios based on real-world text data compare the new method with other window management approaches and show that it can effectively select an appropriate window size in a robust way. In order to achieve an acceptable performance with fewer labeled training examples, the proposed method exploits unlabeled examples in a transductive way.
Let the Children have their Say : Experiences of Children with Special Educational Needs in Physical Education

The study examined the perspectives of children with special educational needs (SEN) relating to their experiences and perceptions of physical education (PE). To do this, children with a range of different SEN in both mainstream and special schools were consulted with, in order to empower them to give voice about their experiences. The study was qualitative in nature and followed a social constructionist, phenomenological design, embracing the experiences of the children and allowing them to give meaning to these experiences. Its originality came in the way of attempting to encapsulate the experiences of children with a variety of diverse SEN, from different education contexts as a means of presenting a holistic perspective of children with SEN's experiences of
Quantitative Modeling of Trust and Trust Management Protocols in Next-Generation Social Networks-Based Wireless Mobile AD HOC Networks

Trust and Trust Management represent the very foundations of Computer and Network Security Protocols enabling all cyber activities. Recent spate of national and global high-impact Cyber Security compromises, threats, vulnerabilities, and exposures leads to fundamental questioning of Trust as the key enabler of all cyber phenomena in the unfolding era of exponentially increasing Distrust. It is therefore necessary to understand the current state of Trust and Trust Management modeling and implementation in the most high security environments such as in Defense & Space. Such understanding can serve as a foundation for modeling, design, and implementation of next generation mobile wireless networks for other high security environments such as in Banking & Finance. This study attempts to understand how Trust and Trust Management are being modeled for the “next generation wireless communication systems” (NIST) such as autonomous self-discovering, self-organizing, and self-adaptive mobile ad hoc networks. Within the context of Network-Centric Operations (NCO), we examine: (i) the capabilities of next generation wireless mobile ad hoc networks; (ii) how trust and trust management are modeled in such mobile ad hoc networks; and, (iii) how trust and trust management are implemented in trust-based task assignment in tactical networks. US Army Research Lab (ARL) Computational and Information Sciences Directorate’s Network Science research program on wireless mobile ad hoc networks is the focus of our case study.
Inequalities in Human Well-Being in the Urban Ganges Brahmaputra Meghna Delta

The recently endorsed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda unanimously agrees on the need to focus on inclusive development, the importance of eradicating extreme poverty and managing often complex human well-being impacts of rapid urban growth. Sustainable and inclusive urbanisation will accelerate progress towards the SDGs and contribute to eradicating extreme poverty. In tropical delta regions, such as the Ganges Brahmaputra Meghna delta region, urban growth and resulting intra-urban inequalities are accelerated by the impact of environmental and climate change. In this context, the present study uses the 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey to analyse the extent of wealth-based inequalities in human well-being in the urban delta region and the determinants of selected welfare measures. The results suggest that the extent of intra-urban inequalities is greatest in educational attainment and access to postnatal healthcare and relatively low in the occurrence of gastric disease. The paper concludes by providing policy recommendations to reduce increasing wealth inequalities in urban areas, thus contributing to sustainable development of the region.
Career counselling and positive psychology in the 21 st century: New constructs and measures for evaluating the effectiveness of intervention

In the postmodern era, individuals are facing new challenges for career management and life management arising from the complexity of the current world of work. This article discusses the importance of individual resources in a positive psychology framework, introducing a new concept called Positive Lifelong Management: Self and Relationship (Di Fabio, 2014g). Subsequently, the article explores career counselling accountability and the related issue of evaluation of intervention effectiveness from a quali+quanti perspective in the positive framework, suggesting new guidelines for the 21 st century and describing new measures of effectiveness.
Qualitative Methodology and Grounded Theory in Property Research

Abstract Much of the research published in the property discipline consists of work utilising quantitative methods. While research gained using quantitative methods, if appropriately designed and rigorous, leads to results which are typically generalisable and quantifiable, it does not allow for a rich and in-depth understanding of a phenomenon. This is especially so if a researcher’s aim is to uncover the issues or factors underlying that phenomenon. Such an aim would require using a qualitative research methodology, and possibly an interpretive as opposed to a positivist theoretical perspective. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of qualitative methodologies with the aim of encouraging a broadening of methodological approaches to overcome the positivist methodological bias which has the potential of inhibiting property behavioural research.
Trust across political conflicts: Evidence from a survey experiment in divided societies

The implications of intergroup political conflicts for social cooperation are still an understudied topic. We report on two online survey experiments in which we implement multiple trust games to assess the impact of different political conflicts on trust behaviour in two national samples in Spain and Portugal. The results suggest that citizens’ social trust is heavily affected by partisanship, favouring in-group party members over out-group party identifiers. This finding is robust in both countries, although the partisanship overall effect seems to be stronger in Spain, which has a more polarized party system. Moreover, the effect involves all parties despite their size and ideology. However, trust among different partisans mirrors interparty positioning. A second study for the Spanish case shows that the partisanship treatment is the one affecting trust the most, followed by the ideological and regional conflicts, which are usually considered long-standing divides with a greater impact in European democracies.
On the unitarity of quantum gauge theories on non-commutative spaces

We study the perturbative unitarity of non-commutative quantum Yang-Mills theories, extending previous investigations on scalar field theories to the gauge case where non-locality mingles with the presence of unphysical states. We concentrate our efforts on two different aspects of the problem. We start by discussing the analytical structure of the vacuum polarization tensor, showing how Cutkoski's rules and positivity of the spectral function are realized when non-commutativity does not affect the temporal coordinate. When instead non-commutativity involves time, we find the presence of extra troublesome singularities on the p02-plane that seem to invalidate the perturbative unitarity of the theory. The existence of new tachyonic poles, with respect to the scalar case, is also uncovered. Then we turn our attention to a different unitarity check in the ordinary theories, namely time exponentiation of a Wilson loop. We perform a O(g4) generalization to the (spatial) non-commutative case of the familiar results in the usual Yang-Mills theory. We show that exponentiation persists at O(g4) in spite of the presence of Moyal phases reflecting non-commutativity and of the singular infrared behaviour induced by UV/IR mixing.
Evaluation of eLearning Usage in South African Universities: A Critical Review.

Although eLearning is the use of technology for teaching, learning and assessment, there is no common approach to it across South African Higher Education Institutions. There is therefore a concern that the full potential of eLearning approach is not utilised. This paper examines the nature and the extent of eLearning activities in South African (SA) universities. The research method employed in this paper was informed by a literature review; sources from the last decade include journals, conferences, books and websites. The findings show that the level of eLearning usage and adoption varies in different universities due to several challenges such as those of technology and institutions. We give an overview of studies conducted in eLearning in SA universities, highlighting challenges and best practices. We recommend management involvement of faculties in policy decisions and investment in technological innovations to address these challenges issues.
Ionosphere Spatial Gradient Threat for LAAS: Mitigation and Tolerable Threat Space

The ionosphere spatial gradients under extreme conditions are likely to influence the LAAS architecture, particularly for Category II/III precision approach and landing systems. In previous study, a . moving wave front. model was established and a threat space was extrapolated based on the 6 April 2000 ionospheric storm. It was showed that the impact of the ionospheric anomalies depends on the threat parameters, namely, the ionospheric gradient, the slope width, and the wave front speed. Under a typical 24-satellite constellation, the maximum user vertical error at 5 km of user-to-LGF separation can reach as high as 20 meters in the worst case. However, with prompt detection of LAAS Ground Facility (LGF), the maximum user vertical position error can be mitigated to under 6 meters. Airborne monitor can further reduce the error especially when the ionospheric wave front moves fast. Although those work provided essential insights, due to the limited data available thus far and the uncertainty of the ionospheric storm behavior, many important questions remain unanswered: The prior probability of such extreme event, the conservativeness of the threat space, the creditability of the . moving wave front. model, etc. In this study, the analysis was extended to less-ideal constellations, i.e, with one or two satellites outages. In addition to the . moving wave front. model, the focus was shifted to . stationary front. scenarios, which means that the ionospheric front stops moving prior to reaching the LGF. The impact of such scenarios is worse since LGF could not detect such an event by definition. It was found that the worst user error could reach 45 meters under extreme conditions. Although an airborne monitor can help to reduce the error significantly, the remaining maximum error can still be as high as 31 meters. While more data analysis effort are undergoing in order to refine the threat model, a parallel approach was undertaken to identify the system design vulnerability, i.e., to define a sub threat space that is tolerable for LAAS. It was found that under worst conditions, ionospheric stationary fronts with a slope of 70 mm/km or higher is not tolerable. The current airborne monitor does not help on increasing the tolerable threat space. Although LGF and airborne detection are extremely important, the current architecture may not be able to meet LAAS requirements [3, 11, 12] under worst-case ionosphere conditions. Two means are examined for ionospheric threat mitigation: . Inner Satellites Protection. and Long Baseline Monitor (LBM). The effeteness of the outer satellites to protect the inner satellites is very limited particularly with fewer satellites in view. On other words, the inner satellites remain vulnerable for those worst cases. LBM is able to fully mitigate the problem for the entire threat space. The optimum LBM separation was recommended for consideration.
Tennis stroke detection and classification using miniature wearable IMU device

This paper presents work related to tennis stroke detection and classification. For arm movement acquisition a miniature wearable IMU device, positioned on the player's forearm (right above the wrist) is proposed and presented. The device uses a MEMS-based accelerometer and gyroscope with 6-DOF. For reliable and accurate tennis stroke detection the information obtained from the accelerometer data is used, and for tennis stroke classification, information from gyroscope data is extracted and processed. The proposed system is able to detect and classify three most common tennis strokes: forehand, backhand, and serve. Because of limited memory and lack of processing power, the proposed algorithms for stroke detection and classification are quite simple, but are nonetheless capable of achieving high classification rate. Overall 98.1% tennis stroke classification accuracy was achieved.
Routine Activity Theory and the Likelihood of Arrest: A Replication and Extension With Conjunctive Methods

Drawve, Thomas, and Walker applied routine activity theory (RAT) to examine whether measures of offender motivation, target suitability, and guardianship influence the likelihood of an offender’s arrest in incidents of aggravated assault. The current study uses the method of conjunctive analysis of case configurations (CACC) to explore the robustness of their results across alternative analytic methods. We begin with an estimation of the basic “main-effect” model used in the original article and then perform a series of conjunctive analyses to evaluate the contextual variability within each variable in this model. The observed pattern of substantial context-specific effects in the conjunctive analysis illustrates the limitation of traditional quantitative analysis and the utility of CACC for future exploratory and confirmatory studies in evaluating RAT and other criminological research questions.