Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A survey on educational process mining

Educational process mining (EPM) is an emerging field in educational data mining (EDM) aiming to make unexpressed knowledge explicit and to facilitate better understanding of the educational process. EPM uses log data gathered specifically from educational environments in order to discover, analyze, and provide a visual representation of the complete educational process. This paper introduces EPM and elaborates on some of the potential of this technology in the educational domain. It also describes some other relevant, related areas such as intentional mining, sequential pattern mining and graph mining. It highlights the components of an EPM framework and it describes the different challenges when handling event logs and other generic issues. It describes the data, tools, techniques and models used in EPM. In addition, the main work in this area is described and grouped by educational application domains. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2018, 8:e1230. doi: 10.1002/widm.1230
Retinoid treatment of Emphysema in Patients on the Alpha-1 International Registry. The REPAIR study: study design, methodology and quality control of study assessments

Emphysema is characterized by the destruction of alveolar wall and enlargement of alveolar airspaces, resulting in a reduction of the total lung gas exchange area, loss of lung elastic recoil and hyperinflation. The REPAIR study (Retinoid treatment of Emphysema in Patients on the Alpha-1 International Registry) is the first proof-of-concept study of a new potential disease-modifying drug, Palovarotene©, an orally active, gamma selective retinoid agonist in patients with emphysema secondary to alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) as a model population for the general smoke-induced emphysema population. This article describes the study design as well as the effectiveness of the quality control that was implemented on the key efficacy endpoints, based on data derived from the placebo-treated subjects. In this multicentre, multinational study the implementation of standardized procedures included: careful site selection, use of trained staff, regular monitoring and machine calibration, use of biological controls and regular feedback to sites by an independent quality control centre. All of these procedures resulted in high-quality measurements of lung density, spirometry, static lung volumes and gas transfer. It was also confirmed that CT lung density was the most sensitive endpoint followed by TLco, FEV1 and RV measured by body box.
Incidence and Predictors of Cancer Following Kidney Transplantation in Childhood

Cancer risk is increased substantially in adult kidney transplant recipients, but the long‐term risk of cancer in childhood recipients is unclear. Using the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, the authors compared overall and site‐specific incidences of cancer after transplantation in childhood recipients with population‐based data by using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). Among 1734 childhood recipients (median age 14 years, 57% male, 85% white), 289 (16.7%) developed cancer (196 nonmelanoma skin cancers, 143 nonskin cancers) over a median follow‐up of 13.4 years. The 25‐year cumulative incidences of any cancer were 27% (95% confidence intervals 24–30%), 20% (17–23%) for nonmelanoma skin cancer, and 14% (12–17%) for nonskin cancer (including melanoma). The SIR for nonskin cancer was 8.23 (95% CI 6.92–9.73), with the highest risk for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (SIR 45.80, 95% CI 32.71–62.44) and cervical cancer (29.4, 95% CI 17.5–46.5). Increasing age at transplantation (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] per year 1.10, 95% CI 1.06–1.14), white race (aHR 3.36, 95% CI 1.61–6.79), and having a functioning transplant (aHR 2.27, 95% CI 1.47–3.71) were risk factors for cancer. Cancer risk, particularly for virus‐related cancers, is increased substantially after kidney transplantation during childhood.
Coordinated control of terminal differentiation and restriction of cellular plasticity

The acquisition of a specific cellular identity is usually paralleled by a restriction of cellular plasticity. Whether and how these two processes are coordinated is poorly understood. Transcription factors called terminal selectors activate identity-specific effector genes during neuronal differentiation to define the structural and functional properties of a neuron. To study restriction of plasticity, we ectopically expressed C. elegans CHE-1, a terminal selector of ASE sensory neuron identity. In undifferentiated cells, ectopic expression of CHE-1 results in activation of ASE neuron type-specific effector genes. Once cells differentiate, their plasticity is restricted and ectopic expression of CHE-1 no longer results in activation of ASE effector genes. In striking contrast, removal of the respective terminal selectors of other sensory, inter-, or motor neuron types now enables ectopically expressed CHE-1 to activate its ASE-specific effector genes, indicating that terminal selectors not only activate effector gene batteries but also control the restriction of cellular plasticity. Terminal selectors mediate this restriction at least partially by organizing chromatin. The chromatin structure of a CHE-1 target locus is less compact in neurons that lack their resident terminal selector and genetic epistasis studies with H3K9 methyltransferases suggest that this chromatin modification acts downstream of a terminal selector to restrict plasticity. Taken together, terminal selectors activate identity-specific genes and make non-identity-defining genes less accessible, thereby serving as a checkpoint to coordinate identity specification with restriction of cellular plasticity. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.24100. 001
Transmembrane region of bacterial chemoreceptor is capable of promoting protein clustering

Many membrane proteins are known to form higher-order oligomers, but the degree to which membrane regions could facilitate protein complex assembly remains largely unclear. Clusters of chemotaxis receptors are among the most prominent structures in the bacterial cell membrane, and they play important functions in processing of chemotactic signals. Although much work has been done to elucidate mechanisms of cluster formation, it almost exclusively focused on cytoplasmic interactions among receptors and other chemotaxis proteins, whereas involvement of membrane-mediated interactions was only hypothesized. Here we used imaging of constructs composed of only a fluorescent protein and the TM helices of Tar to demonstrate that interactions between the lipid bilayer and transmembrane (TM) helices of Escherichia coli chemoreceptors alone are sufficient to mediate clustering. We found that the ability to cluster depends on the sequence or length of the TM helices, implying that certain conformations of these helices facilitate clustering, whereas others do not. Notably, observed sequence specificity was apparently consistent with differences in clustering between native E. coli receptors, with the TM sequence of better-clustering high-abundance receptors being more efficient in promoting membrane-mediated complex formation. These results indicate that being more than just membrane anchors, TM helices could play an important role in the clustering and organization of membrane proteins in bacteria.
External cavity laser with a vertically etched silicon blazed grating

An external cavity laser based on a stripe waveguide semiconductor optical amplifier, a ball lens, and a blazed diffraction grating fabricated by vertical deep reactive ion etching of silicon is demonstrated. Bandpass characteristics for a 12th-order grating are given. Tuning of an external cavity laser over a 120-nm spectral range is demonstrated, with a maximum single-mode fiber-coupled power of 1 mW and side-mode suppression ratio of 30 dB.
Long‐term species loss and homogenization of moth communities in Central Europe

As global biodiversity continues to decline steeply, it is becoming increasingly important to understand diversity patterns at local and regional scales. Changes in land use and climate, nitrogen deposition and invasive species are the most important threats to global biodiversity. Because land use changes tend to benefit a few species but impede many, the expected outcome is generally decreasing population sizes, decreasing species richness at local and regional scales, and increasing similarity of species compositions across sites (biotic homogenization). Homogenization can be also driven by invasive species or effects of soil eutrophication propagating to higher trophic levels. In contrast, in the absence of increasing aridity, climate warming is predicted to generally increase abundances and species richness of poikilotherms at local and regional scales. We tested these predictions with data from one of the few existing monitoring programmes on biodiversity in the world dating to the 1960s, where the abundance of 878 species of macro-moths have been measured daily at seven sites across Hungary. Our analyses revealed a dramatic rate of regional species loss and homogenization of community compositions across sites. Species with restricted distribution range, specialized diet or dry grassland habitat were more likely than others to disappear from the community. In global context, the contrasting effects of climate change and land use changes could explain why the predicted enriching effects from climate warming are not always realized.
Indigenous microorganisms production and the effect on composting process

In this study, production of indigenous microorganisms (IMO) and effect on addition of IMO in composting process were done. Production of IMO was done in a series of steps to allow propagation of beneficial microorganisms. Effect of IMO addition in composting process was investigated by having 4 treatments; 1) rice straw without IMO nor manure and rice bran, 2) rice straw with IMO only, 3) rice straw with manure and rice bran, 4) rice straw with IMO, manure and rice bran. Production of IMO using cooked rice yields white molds. Addition of IMO during composting did not affect temperature increment. However, there were differences in numbers of microorganisms found during each stages of composting. Initial composting stage was dominated by mesophilic bacteria and actinomycetes, followed by thermophilic bacteria and later by actinomycetes upon composting completion. In conclusion, this study showed that IMO addition in composting increased microorganisms which are responsible in organic decomposition.
Mutations in the essential FAS II β‐hydroxyacyl ACP dehydratase complex confer resistance to thiacetazone in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium kansasii

It has recently been shown that the anti‐mycobacterial pro‐drug thiacetazone (TAC) inhibits the conversion of double bonds of mycolic acid precursors into cyclopropyl rings in Mycobacterium bovis var BCG, M. marimum and M. chelonae by affecting the cyclopropyl mycolic acid synthases (CMASs) as judged by the build‐up of unsaturated mycolate precursors. In our hands, TAC inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. kansasii with almost negligible accumulation of those precursors. Our observations that ‘de novo’ biosynthesis of all the mycolic acid families decreased upon TAC treatment prompted us to analyse the role of each one of the Type II Fatty Acid Synthase (FASII) enzymes. Overexpression of the hadABC operon, encoding the essential FASII dehydratase complex, but not of any of the remaining FASII genes acting on the elongation of fatty acyl chains leading to the synthesis of meromycolic acids, resulted in high level of resistance to TAC in M. tuberculosis. Spontaneous M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii TAC‐resistant mutants isolated during this work revealed mutations in the hadABC genes strongly supporting our proposal that these enzymes are new players in the resistance to this anti‐mycobacterial compound.
Using general sound descriptors for early autism detection

Early detection of autism is crucial for successfully dealing with it and reduce/eliminate its effects. In other words, early treatment can make a big difference in the lives of many children with this disorder. Consequently, in this study the pattern recognition algorithms are used to determine the unique features of the voice of autistic children to distinguish between the autistic children and normal children between ages 2 and 3. These descriptors extract various audio features such as temporal features, energy features, harmonic features, perceptual and spectral features. Two feature selection methods are used and the results are compared. One method is based on comparing the effect of using all of a group features together and another method compares the effect of using features one by one. The selected features are used to classify selected children into autistic and non-autistic ones. The results show 96.17 percent accuracy. After feature selection, we classified data using S.V. M classifier for recognizing two types of input data.
The spoofax language workbench: rules for declarative specification of languages and IDEs

Spoofax is a language workbench for efficient, agile development of textual domain-specific languages with state-of-the-art IDE support. Spoofax integrates language processing techniques for parser generation, meta-programming, and IDE development into a single environment. It uses concise, declarative specifications for languages and IDE services. In this paper we describe the architecture of Spoofax and introduce idioms for high-level specifications of language semantics using rewrite rules, showing how analyses can be reused for transformations, code generation, and editor services such as error marking, reference resolving, and content completion. The implementation of these services is supported by language-parametric editor service classes that can be dynamically loaded by the Eclipse IDE, allowing new languages to be developed and used side-by-side in the same Eclipse environment.
Decaying Time Constant Enhanced MEMS Disk Resonator for High Precision Gyroscopic Application

This paper reports a new design strategy of adding lumped masses to the frame structure of a disk resonator gyroscope (DRG) to mitigate its figure of merit (FOM). A greatly enhanced decaying time constant <italic>τ</italic> can lead to very small FOM, which could then greatly mitigate the DRG's bias and bias drift. Additionally, this technique could also reduce the Brownian noise floor. A comprehensive investigation of the possible ways to add the lumped masses is presented, and a detailed design guideline is provided. A DRG prototype based on this design strategy is then presented and shows a <italic>τ</italic> of 38.5 s, a quality factor <italic>Q</italic> of 358 k, and a FOM of 1.9°/s. The prototype is operated in the force-to-rebalance mode, and an angle random walk of 0.012°/√h and a bias stability of 0.08°/h are demonstrated experimentally. This design strategy is suitable for use in batch fabrication of very high precision microelectromechanical systems devices such as gyroscopes.
Management of cancer‐associated disseminated intravascular coagulation: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH

J . THACHIL ,* A . FALANGA,† M. LEV I ,‡ H. L I EBMAN§ and M. D I N IS IO¶** *Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK; †Division of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; ‡Faculty of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; §Division of Hematology, USC Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA; ¶Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University ‘G. D’Annunzio’ of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; and **Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Accuracy and reliability of naevus self-counts

A high number of melanocytic naevi is one of the major risk factors for cutaneous melanoma. Therefore, counting the number of acquired naevi could be a useful strategy to identify individuals at an increased risk for targeted skin cancer screening. The aim of this study was to assess agreement between naevus self-counts and counts of trained examiners as well as to analyse potential determinants of the magnitude of agreement. In a large cross-sectional survey (n=1772), university students counted their naevi on both arms and were additionally examined by specifically trained examiners in a mutually blinded manner. Further data on other melanoma risk factors such as skin phototype, hair colour or freckling were collected by a questionnaire. The relative difference between the two naevus counts and the ratio of the counts were calculated to quantify agreement. Regression modelling was performed to identify independent determinants of agreement. The overall agreement was moderate, with participants counting on average 14% more naevi than the examiners. In terms of the potential determinants associated with agreement, skin type and medical education showed a strong effect. The difference in naevus counts was significantly larger for individuals with lighter skin types compared with those with a dark skin (Fitzpatrick type IV), and medical students yielded a naevus count more similar to the examiner’s count than nonmedical students. Naevus self-counts can only provide a rough estimate of the number of naevi, but may not be accurate enough to reliably identify a high-risk group for melanoma screening, especially in individuals with light skin types.
Comparison of five wastewater COD fractionation methods for dynamic simulation of MBR systems

Five different wastewater COD fractionation methods were employed for simulating an experimental MBR wastewater treatment plant using WEST. The predictions of dynamic simulations using as input the data obtained according to each influent characterization methodology were compared with the results of the experimental system and differences between experimental and predicted values were analyzed in order to select the fractionation method which provides the best fitting and minimizes errors. Three of these methods were based on the determination of the biodegradable fractions using respirometric assays of real wastewater filtered through 0.45- and 0.22-μm pore size filters or adding a previous flocculation step before filtration. Moreover, a method based on physicochemical analyses and another one based on theoretical coefficients were also compared. Simulated system performance and effluent quality greatly depended upon the influent characterization and the proper model calibration. Thus the importance of selecting a suitable fractionation methodology is high, especially in MBR systems working at specific operational conditions that may alter COD fractions. In this study, MLSS in the bioreactors and sludge supernatant COD concentrations were better predicted when the influent characterization was based on respirometric methods. Both the method based on theoretical coefficients and the physicochemical method underestimated the particulate inert fraction and therefore, also the MLSS concentrations. Moreover, these results showed that for a correct effluent COD prediction in MBR systems, it is necessary to take into account that the membrane retained part of the soluble inert fraction.
On the Grain Size Sensitivity of Olivine Rheology

Using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) inversion technique of Mullet et al. (2015), we reassess the validity of the conventionally accepted values of the grain size exponent of diffusion creep in olivine aggregates. A systematic and comprehensive analysis of individual experimental runs taken from three widely cited studies reveals that these data do not tightly constrain the grain size exponent or any other flow law parameter for diffusion and dislocation creep. Our analysis indicates that large data uncertainties can cause inversion results to deviate significantly from true values because of the covariance between the grain size and stress exponents, and that even resolving a grain size exponent of 2 from 3 is difficult. The versatility of our MCMC inversion technique can, however, be exploited to improve this situation by identifying optimal conditions for future experimental studies. Because the uncertainties of the grain size and stress exponents are highly correlated, for example, increasing the range of grain size variation can help better constrain both exponents simultaneously.
Comparison of oral-health-related quality of life in patients in the short- and long-term period following lower-facial injury and fractures - preliminary report.

BACKGROUND Post-traumatic craniofacial injuries associated with bone fractures lead to serious morphological, functional and aesthetic complications which may negatively affect the physical and mental condition of the patient throughout the recovery period. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was the evaluation of complaints and well-being in patients during the shortand long-term period following injury to the lower face, as well as an assessment of the effects of age and sex in the examined parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research group included 42 patients with injury to the lower face. The patients' well-being and the most common functional problems following treatment were assessed using Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, with significance level assumed at p < 0.05. RESULTS A period of 8 months following injury of the lower face was sufficient for the patients to achieve significant improvement in the quality of life. Improvement in well-being, according to OHIP-14, by approx. 11.9 points ±11.7 points, was highly significant (p < 0.001). The most frequent complaints included pain in the maxillofacial area, difficulties with consumption of food and dissatisfaction due to the necessary change of diet. The factors of age (p = 0.2839) and sex (p = 0.6047) did not significantly affect improvement in well-being. CONCLUSIONS During both the shortand long-term period following injury of the lower face, the most frequent complaints included pain in the maxillofacial region, problems with eating food and dissatisfaction due to change in diet. The study has shown that during the period of 8 months after the injury, there was a significant improvement in the quality of life assessed with OHIP-14. Age and gender do not significantly affect the quality of life after injury to the lower face.