Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Executive attention and working memory in narcoleptic outpatients.

OBJECTIVE This pioneering study aimed to evaluate executive attention and working memory in Brazilian narcoleptic outpatients. METHODS Narcoleptic group: 19 treated narcoleptic outpatients (13 F; 6 M) (mean age=37.58; SD = 8.93); control group: 19 subjects (15 F; 4 M) (mean age=34.42; SD=12.31). INSTRUMENTS Epworth Sleepiness Scale - Brazilian Portuguese Version (ESS-BR), Victoria Stroop Test (VST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) of WAIS-III. RESULTS Significant difference at Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) (p<0.001) and at working memory (p=0.009) with worse results for narcoleptic patients. Patients were slower at VST-1 (p=0.002), VST-2 (p=0.045) and at TMT-A (p=0.016), TMT-B (p=0.006) and B-A (p=0.024). CONCLUSION Narcoleptic patients showed higher degrees of EDS, an impaired executive attention at a temporal level and lower performance in working memory when compared to normal controls.
Characterizing borehole fluid flow and formation permeability in the ocean crust using linked analytic models and Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis

Thermal records from boreholes in young oceanic crust, in which water is flowing up or down, are used to assess formation and borehole flow properties using three analytic equations that describe the transient thermal and barometric influence of downhole or uphole flow. We link these calculations with an iterative model and apply Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis to quantify ranges of possible values. The model is applied to two data sets interpreted in previous studies, from Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 504B on the southern flank of the Costa Rica Rift and Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1026B on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and to two new records collected in Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Holes U1301A and U1301B, also on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Our calculations indicate that fluid flow rates when thermal logs were collected were ∼2 L/s in Holes 504B, 1026B, and U1301A, and >20 L/s in Hole U1301B. The median bulk permeabilities determined with MCMC analyses are 4 to 7 × 10−12 m2 around the uppermost parts of Holes 504B, 1026B, and U1301A, and 1.5 × 10−11 m2 around a deeper section of Hole U1301B, with a standard deviation of 0.2 to 0.3 log cycles at each borehole. The consistency of permeability values inferred from these four holes is surprising, given the range of values determined globally and the tendency for permeability to be highly variable in fractured crystalline rock formations such as the upper oceanic crust.
Play from birth to twelve and beyond : contexts, perspectives, and meanings

Historical contexts of child's play play as children see it play and technology sociologists and play research playful ways of the performing artist play among education professionals infant and toddler play play and language gender identity and play language of children's feelings role of play in assessment structuring the study of play pretending together meaning in play with objects constructive play games with rules city play play as ritual in health care settings peer and sibling influences on play play between generations challenge and risk-taking in play play with violence educational implications of play with computers. (Part contents).
Enteric pathways in the stomach

This report summarises the characteristics of target specific projection and neurochemical coding patterns of motor and interneuronal pathways in the gastric enteric nervous system (ENS) which are involved in the innervation of the mucosa, the circular and the longitudinal muscle. The pathways were identified by retrograde tracing and further characterised by optical and intracellular recordings of the synaptic activation of muscle motor neurones, and by recordings of pathway‐specific muscle responses. All motor pathways had polarised projections consisting of ascending cholinergic and descending nitrergic populations. Thus, both muscle layers were innervated by excitatory and inhibitory motor neurones. Their projections indicated the presence of intrinsic circuits that mediate excitatory and inhibitory components of a peristaltic reflex and/or are involved in reflex mediated changes in gastric tone. Although polarised projections were also identified for interneuronal pathways, a substantial proportion of descending interneurones was cholinergic. Interneurones and longitudinal muscle motor pathways had longitudinal projection preferences whereas circular muscle motor pathways had circumferential projection preferences. Target‐specific coding was primarily revealed for cholinergic populations; ChAT/ENK/±SP neurones projected to the muscle layers, ChAT/NPY/±VIP projected to the mucosa and ChAT/±SP/±5‐HT/±Calret/±Calb were interneurones. Muscle strip recordings revealed the functional significance of ascending excitatory and descending inhibitory pathways to the circular muscle and the prominent influence of ascending and descending cholinergic interneurones which activated excitatory and inhibitory circular muscle motor neurones through nicotinic synapses. It is concluded that enteric pathways in the stomach have region specific features which reflect structural and functional adaptation of the gastric ENS. Anat Rec 262:47–57, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The spatial distribution of unit characteristic frequency in the primary auditory cortex of the cat.

In a recent paper (Evans & Whitfield, 1964a) we reported on the localization of unit responses in the unanaesthetized auditory cortex and confirmed the findings of Hind, Rose, Davies, Woolsey, Benjamin, Welkes & Thompson (1960), Bogdanski & Galambos (1960), and Erulkar, Rose & Davies (1956), that units of widely differing characteristic frequency can be found below a given small area on the auditory cortical surface. We pointed out further that lower frequency units (below 10 kc/s) appeared to be found at all points along the anterior-posterior axis of area Al, while units above 20 kc/s were found almost entirely in the anterior half of the area. Since these findings were considerably at variance with the classical hypothesis of a tonotopic arrangement in the auditory cortex, we have carried out a more detailed analysis on a further sample of units.
Bidirectional syntactic priming in conversation: I am primed by you if you are primed by me

We investigate whether the magnitude of syntactic priming effects, like other aspects of linguistic behavior, is mimicked between speakers in a conversation. Speakers adapt syntactic structures to their interlocutor (i.e. syntactic priming), but what is more, speakers adapt the magnitude of syntactic priming effects to interlocutor's magnitude (Schoot et al. 2014). We expect to replicate and extend this finding with the present results. 60 participants were divided into 30 pairs who performed the experiment together. They were asked to describe photographs to each other, depicting two persons performing a transitive action (e.g. a man hugging a woman). Descriptions were actives or passives (no free choice, see Menenti et al., 2011). Priming effects were measured by comparing speech onset latencies for sentences with repeated syntax (two consecutive actives or passives) relative to novel syntax (active follows passive or vice versa). Before participants performed this communicative task, we ran a non-communicative pre-test for each participant, to measure their individual priming effect without influence of the partner's priming effect. The results show that priming magnitude is determined by your partner's priming effect; the more your partner is primed by you, the more you are primed by your partner (r = 0.572, p < 0.002, Figure A). Furthermore, the difference between paired speakers' individual syntactic priming effects (as measured in the pre-test) predicted how much speakers adapt their syntactic priming effects when they are communicating with their partner in the communicative experiment (s = -0.632, p < 0.001, Figure B). If in the pre-test, your partner is primed more/less by you than you are by her, you will increase/decrease your own priming magnitude towards your partner's priming magnitude in the communicative context. Syntactic priming effects in conversation are said to result from speakers aligning their syntactic representations by mimicking sentence structure (Pickering & Garrod, 2004; Jaeger & Snider, 2013). Here we show that on top of that, the magnitude of priming effects is also mimicked between interlocutors. Although measuring syntactic priming effects in speech onset latencies is now proven to be a valid method (Corley & Scheepers 2002; Segaert et al. 2010; 2014; Smith & Wheeldon 2000; Wheeldon & Smith 2003), we are currently running an experiment to investigate whether we can replicate this effect when looking at syntactic priming magnitude in structure choices.
Outcomes and predictors of in-hospital mortality among cirrhotic patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in upper Egypt.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Variceal bleeding is one of the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality among cirrhotic patients. Clinical endoscopic features and outcomes of cirrhotic patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) have been rarely reported. Our aim is to identify treatment outcomes and predictors of in-hospital mortality among cirrhotic patients with non-variceal bleeding in Upper Egypt. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study of 93 cirrhotic patients with NVUGIB who were admitted to the Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Assiut University Hospital (Assiut, Egypt) over a one-year period (November 2011 to October 2012). Clinical features, endoscopic findings, clinical outcomes, and in-hospital mortality rates were studied. Patient mortality during hospital stay was reported. Many independent risk factors of mortality were evaluated by means of univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Of 93 patients, 65.6% were male with a mean age of 53.3 years. The most frequent cause of bleeding was duodenal ulceration (26.9%). Endoscopic treatment was needed in 45.2% of patients, rebleeding occurred in 4.3%, and the in-hospital mortality was 14%. Hypovolemic shock was the most common cause of death (46.2%). Independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality among cirrhotic patients with NVUGIB in our study were bacterial infection during hospitalization [odds ratio (OR) =0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.03-0.89], shock (OR =1.12, 95% CI =0.68-1.54), early rebleeding (OR =2.26, 95% CI =1.85-3.21), low serum albumin (OR =3.81, 95% CI =2.35-4.67), low baseline hemoglobin (OR =0.714, 95% CI =0.32-1.24), and the need for endoscopic treatment (OR =2.96, 95% CI =0.62-3.63). CONCLUSION Bacterial infection during hospitalization, shock, early rebleeding, low serum albumin, low baseline hemoglobin, and the need for endoscopic treatment were independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality among cirrhotic patients with NVUGIB in Upper Egypt.
Radio Polarization of BL Lacertae Objects

In this paper, using the database of the university of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory (UMRAO) at three (4.8 GHz, 8 GHZ, and 14.5 GHz) radio frequencies, we studied the polarization properties for 47 BL Lacertae objects(38 radio selected BL Lacertae objects, 7 X-ray selected BL Lacertae, and two inter-middle objects (Mkn 421 and Mkn 501), and found that (1) The polarizations at higher radio frequency is higher than those at lower frequency, (2) The variability of polarization at higher radio frequency is higher than those at lower frequency, (3) The polarization is correlated with the radio spectral index, and (4) The polarization is correlated with core-dominance parameter for those objects with known core-dominance parameters suggesting that the relativistic beaming could explain the polarization characteristic of BL Lacs.
An RNA-interacting Protein, SYNCRIP (Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonuclear Protein Q1/NSAP1) Is a Component of mRNA Granule Transported with Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Type 1 mRNA in Neuronal Dendrites*

mRNA transport and local translation in the neuronal dendrite is implicated in the induction of synaptic plasticity. Recently, we cloned an RNA-interacting protein, SYNCRIP (heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein Q1/NSAP1), that is suggested to be important for the stabilization of mRNA. We report here that SYNCRIP is a component of mRNA granules in rat hippocampal neurons. SYNCRIP was mainly found at cell bodies, but punctate expression patterns in the proximal dendrite were also seen. Time-lapse analysis in living neurons revealed that the granules labeled with fluorescent protein-tagged SYNCRIP were transported bi-directionally within the dendrite at ∼0.05 μm/s. Treatment of neurons with nocodazole significantly inhibited the movement of green fluorescent protein-SYNCRIP-positive granules, indicating that the transport of SYNCRIP-containing granules is dependent on microtubules. The distribution of SYNCRIP-containing granules overlapped with that of dendritic RNAs and elongation factor 1α. SYNCRIP was also found to be co-transported with green fluorescent protein-tagged human staufen1 and the 3′-untranslated region of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 mRNA. These results suggest that SYNCRIP is transported within the dendrite as a component of mRNA granules and raise the possibility that mRNA turnover in mRNA granules and the regulation of local protein synthesis in neuronal dendrites may involve SYNCRIP.
Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion

Extraversion has two central characteristics: (1) interpersonal engagement, which consists of affiliation (enjoying and valuing close interpersonal bonds, being warm and affectionate) and agency (being socially dominant, enjoying leadership roles, being assertive, being exhibitionistic, and having a sense of potency in accomplishing goals) and (2) impulsivity, which emerges from the interaction of extraversion and a second, independent trait (constraint). Agency is a more general motivational disposition that includes dominance, ambition, mastery, efficacy, and achievement. Positive affect (a combination of positive feelings and motivation) is closely associated with extraversion. Extraversion is accordingly based on positive incentive motivation. Parallels between extraversion (particularly its agency component) and a mammalian behavioral approach system based on positive incentive motivation implicate a neuroanatomical network and modulatory neurotransmitters in the processing of incentive motivation. A corticolimbic-striatal-thalamic network (1) integrates the salient incentive context in the medial orbital cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus; (2) encodes the intensity of incentive stimuli in a motive circuit composed of the nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and ventral tegmental area dopamine projection system; and (3) creates an incentive motivational state that can be transmitted to the motor system. Individual differences in the functioning of this network arise from functional variation in the ventral tegmental area dopamine projections, which are directly involved in coding the intensity of incentive motivation. The animal evidence suggests that there are three neurodevelopmental sources of individual differences in dopamine: genetic, “experience-expectant,” and “experience-dependent. ” Individual differences in dopamine promote variation in the heterosynaptic plasticity that enhances the connection between incentive context and incentive motivation and behavior. Our psychobiological threshold model explains the effects of individual differences in dopamine transmission on behavior, and their relation to personality traits is discussed.
Systematic Reviews andMeta-and Pooled Analyses Exercise for the Prevention of LowBack Pain : Systematic Review andMeta-Analysis of Controlled Trials

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of exercise in population-based interventions to prevent low back pain (LBP) and associated disability. Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, from their inception through June 2017. Thirteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 3 nonrandomized controlled trials (NRCTs) qualified for the meta-analysis. Exercise alone reduced the risk of LBP by 33% (risk ratio = 0.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.53, 0.85; I = 23%, 8 RCTs, n = 1,634), and exercise combined with education reduced it by 27% (risk ratio = 0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.59, 0.91; I = 6%, 6 trials, n = 1,381). The severity of LBP and disability from LBP were also lower in exercise groups than in control groups. Moreover, results were not changed by excluding the NRCTs or adjusting for publication bias. Few trials assessed health-care consultation or sick leave for LBP, and meta-analyses did not show statistically significant protective effects of exercise on those outcomes. Exercise reduces the risk of LBP and associated disability, and a combination of strengthening with either stretching or aerobic exercises performed 2–3 times per week can reasonably be recommended for prevention of LBP in the general population.
Circulating microRNA-21 (MIR-21) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are promising novel biomarkers for detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of the blood levels of MIR-21 and PTEN as novel biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We initially detected MIR-21 and PTEN using real-time RT-PCR from 90 blood samples and then compared their results with expression in cancer tissues from 10 OSCC patients. Finally, we examined the relationship between these markers and clinical parameters. Blood MIR-21 and PTEN had significant diagnostic value for OSCC and, to an extent, correlated with the expression level of tumour MIR-21 and PTEN. In addition, they were associated with differentiation and nodal status. Thus circulating MIR-21 and PTEN might represent new complementary tumour markers for OSCC.
One Eilenberg Theorem to Rule Them All

Eilenberg-type correspondences, relating varieties of languages (e.g. of finite words, infinite words, or trees) to pseudovarieties of finite algebras, form the backbone of algebraic language theory. Numerous such correspondences are known in the literature. We demonstrate that they all arise from the same recipe: one models languages and the algebras recognizing them by monads on an algebraic category, and applies a Stone-type duality. Our main contribution is a generic variety theorem that covers e.g. Wilke's and Pin's work on $\infty$-languages, the variety theorem for cost functions of Daviaud, Kuperberg, and Pin, and unifies the two previous categorical approaches of Boja\'nczyk and of Ad\'amek et al. In addition it gives a number of new results, such as an extension of the local variety theorem of Gehrke, Grigorieff, and Pin from finite to infinite words.
Cerebrovascular "moyamoya" disease. Disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of brain.

THE DISEASE which produces an abnormal net-like blood vessel picture (hereinafter referred to as "moyamoya" [a Japanese expression for something hazy just like a puff of cigarette smoke drifting in the air]) in the base of the brain might have been observed in our country during these 10 years. However, visualization of such an angiogram seems not to have been noticed as indicating a disease with characteristic features. In this disease, a stenosis or an occlusion is observed by carotid arteriography in the terminal part of the internal carotid artery. Furthermore, a net-like or fibrous-root-like dim picture of abnormal blood vessels is visualized over it. In some cases, there is a defect or an abnormality observed in the median or anterior cerebral artery. Under certain circumstances, the whole main arteries of the brain fall off from an angiogram. This disease appears bilaterally in most cases, although there are some differences
Bilateral Asymmetry in Mandibular Tooth Development

Tooth eruption has been studied in terms of intrabony development,1 emergence time, sequence and number of erupted teeth in relation to chronologic age, skeletal age, and general developmental age.4 Despite the long-standing interest in describing these phenomena, certain deficiencies in methodology are largely disregarded. For example, measures derived from intraoral or nonoriented lateral jaw radiographs are limited by lack of control over image distortion. In addition, there is a tendency to presume bilateral symmetry in intrabony tooth development without supportive evidence. The availability of a large series of oblique cephalometric radiographs of a population of normal children made it possible to measure tooth eruption with a degree of reliability not available previously and also to compare the two sides in the same person. With this material, we wished to answer the following questions pertaining to the eruption of the permanent mandibular canine and premolar teeth. At a given age, how much variance is there in the relative intrabony position of these 3 teeth between their right and left mandibular sides in the same person and between persons of similar chronologic age? If there is a variance, does its frequency differ between sexes? Do these teeth erupt in relation to one another at a constant and regular rate? In addition, we tried to delineate the effect of local factors that are known to, or suspected of, producing accelerated tooth eruption.
Fractional excretion of urea: A simple tool for the differential diagnosis of acute kidney injury in cirrhosis

Current approaches to determine the cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with cirrhosis are suboptimal. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of fractional excretion of urea (FEUrea) for the differential diagnosis of AKI in patients with cirrhosis. A retrospective analysis was performed in patients (n = 50) with cirrhosis and ascites admitted with AKI. Using adjudicated etiology assessment as the reference standard, receiver operating curves and optimal cutoff, sensitivity (Sn), and specificity (Sp) for the diagnosis of prerenal azotemia (PRA), type 1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) were derived. Validation was performed in an independent cohort (n = 50) and by bootstrap analysis. The causes of AKI (derivation:validation cohorts) were: PRA 21:21, HRS 18:15, and ATN 11:14. Median FEUrea was statistically different across all etiologies of AKI in the derivation cohort (PRA 30.1 vs. HRS 20.2 vs. ATN 43.6; P < 0.001) and validation cohort (PRA 23.1 vs. HRS 13.3 vs. ATN 44.7; P < 0.001). The area underneath the curve (cutoff, Sn/Sp) for FEUrea was 0.96 (33.4, 85/100) for ATN versus non‐ATN, 0.87 (28.7, 75/83) for HRS versus non‐HRS, and 0.81 (21.6, 90/61) for PRA versus HRS. When applied to the validation cohort, Sn/Sp were maintained for ATN versus non‐ATN (93/97), HRS versus non‐HRS (100/63), and for PRA versus HRS (67/80). After bootstrapping, Sn/Sp for FEUrea in the ATN versus non‐ATN, HRS versus non‐HRS, and PRA versus HRS was 88/96, 63/97, and 55/87, respectively. Conclusion: FEUrea is a promising tool for the differential diagnosis of AKI in patients with cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2018;68:224‐233)