Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grief and the Search for Meaning: Exploring the Assumptive Worlds of Bereaved College Students

Researchers have recently begun to challenge long-standing views of grief and have called for new approaches to help understand the phenomenon. In this vein, the present study examined the impact of bereavement on people's basic assumptions about themselves and their world. Three categories of assumptions were explored: Benevolence of the World, Meaningfulness of the World, and Self-Worth. Twenty-one undergraduates who had recently lost a parent and 21 matched controls were compared on a series of objective measures; in addition, the bereaved sample also participated in lengthy semistructured clinical interviews. Assumptions about meaning emerged as an important variable, both in distinguishing between the bereaved and control samples and also in accounting for differences in the grief responses of the bereaved. Compared with matched controls, the bereaved subjects were significantly less likely to believe in a meaningful world. Further, within the bereaved sample, the greater the subjects' ability to fin.
The Impact of Role Identities on Entrepreneurs’ Evaluation and Selection of Opportunities

Extant research suggests that entrepreneurs’ identities influence the venture creation process. However, we know little about how the “hats” that entrepreneurs wear (i.e., their different role identities) influence how entrepreneurs think about—and select—opportunities. Employing verbal protocol and content analysis techniques, we show that, depending on the role identity assumed, entrepreneurs attend to different opportunity features and make different decisions with regard to opportunity consideration and selection. As a result, role identity has an important situated influence on entrepreneurs’ cognition, which may significantly affect the pattern of growth and pursuit of their new ventures.
Effects of Transparency on the Perceived Trustworthiness of a Government Organization: Evidence from an Online Experiment

Although the effect of government transparency on trust is heavily debated, our theoretical and empirical understanding of this relation is still limited. The basic assumption tested in this article is whether transparency leads to higher levels of perceived trustworthiness. This article uses theories from social psychology to advance our understanding of the effects and mechanism of the relation between transparency and the perceived trustworthiness of a government organization. Based on these theories we propose two alternative hypotheses, which state that (1) the general predisposition to trust government and (2) prior knowledge about the specific issue moderate the relation between transparency and trust. These assumptions are tested by online experimental research, which demonstrates that these factors indeed affect the relation between transparency and perceived trustworthiness: changes in perceived competence occur mainly in the group of citizens with high trust and little knowledge, whereas changes in perceived benevolence occur predominantly in the group of citizens with low knowledge and low trust. These findings highlight that prior knowledge and general predisposition to trust should be incorporated in our theoretical models of the relation between transparency and perceived trustworthiness.
Television's Cultivation of Material Values

Prior research has shown that television viewing cultivates perceptions of the prevalence of societal affluence through a memory-based process that relies on the application of judgmental heuristics. This article extends this research by examining (1) whether cultivation effects generalize to consumer values such as materialism and (2) whether these values judgments are also processed in a heuristic manner. Data from both a survey and an experiment suggest that television cultivates materialism through an online process in which television's influence is enhanced by active (rather than heuristic) processing during viewing. This finding stands in contrast to the cultivation of prevalence judgments, which are attenuated by active processing during judgment elicitation. (c) 2005 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc.
Rapid responding increases belief bias: Evidence for the dual-process theory of reasoning

In this study, we examine the belief bias effect in syllogistic reasoning under both standard presentation and in a condition where participants are required to respond within 10 seconds. As predicted, the requirement for rapid responding increased the amount of belief bias observed on the task and reduced the number of logically correct decisions, both effects being substantial and statistically significant. These findings were predicted by the dual-process account of reasoning, which posits that fast heuristic processes, responsible for belief bias, compete with slower analytic processes that can lead to correct logical decisions. Requiring rapid responding thus differentially inhibits the operation of analytic reasoning processes, leading to the results observed.
A Cross-Generational and Cross-Cultural Study on Demonstration of Attentiveness

This paper looks into whether there are any differences in demonstration of attentiveness between different generations and different cultures. By attentiveness I mean a demonstrator’s preemptive response to a beneficiary’s verbal/non-verbal cues or situations surrounding a beneficiary and a demonstrator, which takes the form of offering. When and how often one would demonstrate attentiveness may vary according to such factors as generation and culture. Three groups of people from different generations and different cultural backgrounds (Japanese and Americans) served as the participants (280 people for the questionnaire data and 18 people for the interview data). It was investigated whether there were any differences among the participants in demonstration of attentiveness, in the reasons for demonstration of attentiveness, and in rating degree of imposition to demonstrate attentiveness. It was also examined whether there was any relationship between degree of imposition to demonstrate attentiveness and demonstration of attentiveness; and in which relationship (the relationship between a demonstrator and a beneficiary of attentiveness varied from very familiar to not very familiar at all) attentiveness was demonstrated. The data were collected using a questionnaire with six situations, based on field notes; and the interviews were conducted using the same six situations. The results show that in most situations there were no major differences among the participants in the choice of demonstration of attentiveness and the reasons for it. The participants chose to demonstrate attentiveness in four situations in the questionnaire, because they wanted to be of help to the other party. There was a relationship between degree of imposition to demonstrate attentiveness and demonstration of attentiveness in four situations. Overall, the interview data confirmed the questionnaire data.
A comparison of Korean and American gift-giving behaviors

In an effort to understand diverse, multicultural consumer behavior, this study compares Korean and American gift-giving behavior and its related values. This study aims to illustrate how gift-giving behavior works and differs across cultural values; specifically, in the Confucian collectivistic nature of the Far East, Korea, and the individualistic nature of the West, America. Focus groups and in-depth interviews are conducted for initial issue exploration, and mail surveys are then utilized for testing the proposed hypotheses. Results reveal Confucian collectivistic and individualistic values as significant in explaining differences in cross-cultural gift giving. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Influence of passage model, sampling site, and marker dosing time on passage of rare earth-labeled grain through Holstein cows.

Three duodenally cannulated, lactating Holstein cows were dosed with rare earth-labeled grain to evaluate effects of passage model, sampling site, and marker dosing time on digesta passage parameters. Cows were given ad libitum access to feed twice daily. Rare earth-labeled grain (applied by the 24-h immersion technique) was fed immediately before (Dy) or 2 h after (Yb) the morning feeding, and duodenal digesta and feces were sampled. Marker excretion curves were fit to a two-compartment, biexponential model, using curve peeling or to a series of two-compartment models, with one to six orders of gamma time-dependency in the fast compartment, using nonlinear regression. Passage estimates from the curve-peeled, biexponential model were similar to those from the best fit of the nonlinear models, which had three orders of gamma time-dependency. Ruminal passage rate of grain, averaged across models, sampling site, and dosing time, was . 077/h. Estimates of time to first appearance of marker at the sampling site and mean retention times were longer (8 vs 1 h and 25 vs 17 h, respectively), but passage rates were similar, when determined from fecal compared with duodenal samples (P less than .05). Marker dosing time did not influence any of the parameters. It is concluded that both curve-peeling (linear regression) and nonlinear regression methods can be equally useful for evaluating passage kinetics of grain in dairy cows and that sampling site and time of marker dosing have little effect on passage parameter estimates.
Anomalies: Ultimatums, Dictators and Manners

The recent research on ultimatum and dictator games is reviewed. New experiments reveal that the ultimatum game is quite robust to changes in stakes and the nationality of the players but dictator games are sensitive to many design features. Information in the ultimatum game is important. Responders will reject offers only if they are known to be proportionally stingy and are known to be chosen by the proposer (rather than picked at random). Much of the observed behavior can be successfully modeled using Matthew Rabin's (1993) notion of a fairness equilibrium, which incorporates manners into economics. In many market contexts, politeness pays.
Gift Selection for Easy and Difficult Recipients: A Social Roles Interpretation

Using interpretive techniques, we explore the meaning underlying Christmas shoppers' description of some recipients as "easy" or "difficult," in terms of gift selection. We argue that recipients are described as such because they either help or hinder givers' attempts to express specific social roles through exchange. We identify six such roles that givers express alone or in combination to each recipient on their gift lists. These are the pleaser, the provider, the compensator, the socializer, the acknowledger, and the avoider. We discuss the implications of our findings and suggest areas worthy of further research. Copyright 1993 by the University of Chicago.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smouldering multiple myeloma: emphasis on risk factors for progression

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is characterized by a serum monoclonal protein <30 g/l, <10% plasma cells in the bone marrow, and absence of end‐organ damage (CRAB–hypercalcaemia, renal insufficiency, anaemia, or bone lesions). MGUS is present in 3% of persons >50 years and in 5% >70 years of age. The risk of progression to multiple myeloma (MM) or a related disorder is 1% per year. Patients with risk factors consisting of an abnormal serum free light chain ratio, non‐immunoglobulin G (IgG) MGUS, and an elevated serum M protein ≥15 g/l had a risk of progression at 20 years of 58%, compared with 37% with two risk factors present, 21% with one risk factor present, and 5% when none of the risk factors were present. Smouldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma is characterized by having a serum IgG or IgA monoclonal protein of 30 g/l or higher and/or 10% or more plasma cells in the bone marrow but no evidence of end‐organ damage. The cumulative probability of progression to active MM or amyloidosis was 51% at 5 years, 66% at 10 years and 73% at 15 years; the median time to progression was 4·8 years.
Sectional Versus Intact Evaluations of Four Versions of a Chopin Étude

The purpose of this study was to determine how evaluations of four intact performances of a Chopin étude (Op. 25, No. 9, Butterfly), differing in quality, related to evaluations of each performance’s sections. We presented each performance as five excerpts: (a) opening phrase, (b) first half, (c) second half, (d) coda, and (e) intact. We then presented 10 of the 20 excerpts a second time to assess listener reliability. Results revealed an interaction between performer and ratings: Ratings of intact performances were significantly higher than were ratings of component sections for the two best performances. For the other two performances, however, ratings of intact excerpts were significantly lower than ratings of component sections. Nonsignificant factors were sections and listener background. Data indicate that ratings of longer sections (first and second halves) were more closely tied to intact performance ratings than were shorter sections (opening phrase and coda). Correlational data revealed that piano majors were marginally more reliable than nonpiano majors.
Creativity without Borders? Rethinking remoteness and proximity

Abstract This article examines remoteness and proximity as geographical conditions and metaphors. It stems from a large government-funded research project which sought to examine the extent and uniqueness of the creative industries in Darwin—a small but important city in Australia's tropical Top End region, and government and administration capital of the sparsely populated Northern Territory. In talking to creative artists from diverse fields about their work and inspiration, it became clear that geographical positionality was a key framing device through which people understood themselves and their relationships with others. Remoteness and proximity were tangible in the sense of physical distances (Darwin is remote from southern States, and yet proximate to Asia and Aboriginal country). But Darwin's location was also perceived and imagined, in cultural texts, in creative workers' discussions of Darwin in relation to the outside world, and in their sense of the aesthetic qualities of the city's creative output (particularly shaped by multicultural and Aboriginal influences). We develop our analysis from 98 interviews with creative workers and postal surveys returned by 13 festival organisers in Darwin. Qualities of distance, proximity, isolation and connection materially shape a political economy of creative industry production, and infuse how creative workers view their activities within networks of trade, exchange and mobility.
Diagnostic relevance of ADAMTS13 activity: evaluation of 28 patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - hemolytic uremic syndrome clinical diagnosis.

INTRODUCTION The significance of ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif-13) activity for diagnosis and therapy of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is still a controversial issue. OBJECTIVE The aim of this report was to analyze the value of ADAMTS13 measurements in the diagnosis of TTP and HUS. METHODS At presentation, we analyzed patients with idiopathic TTP (n = 18), secondary TTP (n = 4), diarrhea positive HUS (n = 3) and diarrhea negative HUS (n = 3) treated in Belgrade, Serbia from 2004 to 2010. ADAMTS13 activity from acute phase samples was measured using the residual collagen binding activity assay at the Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Milan, Italy. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between reduced ADAMTS13 activity and idiopathic TTP diagnosis (p = 0.000) as well as between lower ADAMTS13 activities and higher reticulocytes (p = 0.017) and lactate dehydrogenase levels (p = 0.027). Significant correlation was also found between higher protease activity and diagnosis of HUS (p = 0.000). There was a statistically significant correlation between higher ADAMTS13 activities and higher platelets count (p = 0.002), blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.000), and creatinine level (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION Severe ADAMTS13 deficiency points at the diagnosis of idiopathic TTP and it is present in the secondary TTP but not in HUS.
Cytological events involved in glycoprotein synthesis in cellular and syncytial trophoblast of human placenta. An electron microscope autoradiographic study of [3H]galactose incorporation

Electron microscope autoradiography was used to study glycoprotein synthesis in cellular trophoblast (cytotrophoblast) and syncytial trophoblast of term human placental villi incubated in vitro with D-[1-3H]galactose ([3H]gal). Autoradiographs were analyzed using the hypothetical grain analysis of Blackett and Parry (1973. J. Cell Biol. 57:9-15). The results of this study indicated that [3H]gal incorporation into term placental villi was predominantly localized to cytotrophoblast. Utilization of [3H]gal by term syncytial trophoblast was extremely low and yielded too few grains for a quantitative grain analysis. This result is in striking contrast to that found in the preceding study of [3H]leucine incorporation (Nelson, D. M., A. C. Enders, and B. F. King. 1978). Within cytotrophoblast, the rough endoplasmic reticulum incorporated the most [3H]gal into glycoprotein. The Golgi apparatus was another site of [3H]gal incorporation. The vast majority of the [3H]gal incorporated into cytotrophoblast during the pulse incubation remained intracellular through the duration of the experiment. There was little autoradiographic evidence for secretion of tritiated macromolecules. Cytotrophoblast incubated for the longest time period studied (4 h+) showed a substantial concentration of tritiated macromolecules in the Golgi complex and in the ground plasm but not in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Genomic Predictions for Age at Puberty and Reproductive Longevity in Sows Using Bayesian Methods

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v CHAPTER 1 1.1 Literature Review . 1 1.1.1 Economic Importance of Reproductive Traits . 1 1.1.2 Genetic Variation of Reproductive Traits . 2 1.1. 3 Selection Response for Reproductive Traits . 3 1.1. 4 Mapping Loci that Influence the Variation of Reproductive Traits . 5 1.1. 4.1 QTL Mapping . 5 1.1. 4.2 Candidate Gene Approach . 8 1.1. 5 Bayesian Analyses in Genome-wide Association Studies . 11 1.1. 6 Genomic Predictions . 13 1.1. 7 Conclusion . 17 1.2 Literature Cited . 18 CHAPTER 2 Genomic Predictions for Age at Puberty and Reproductive Longevity in Sows Using Bayesian Methods . 25 2.
Poverty Matters: A Reassessment of the Inequality–Homicide Relationship in Cross-National Studies

Dozens of cross-national studies of homicide have been published. Virtually all have reported an association between inequality and homicide, leading scholars to draw strong conclusions about this relationship. Unfortunately, each of these studies failed to control for poverty, even though poverty is the most consistent predictor of area homicide rates in the US empirical literature and a main confounder of the inequality–homicide association. The cross-national findings are also incongruent with US studies, which have yielded inconsistent results for the inequality–homicide association. In the present study, I replicated two prior studies in which a significant inequality–homicide association was found. After the original results were replicated, models that included a measure of poverty were estimated to see whether its inclusion had an impact on the inequality–homicide association. When effects for poverty and inequality were estimated in the same model, there was a positive and significant poverty–homicide association, while the inequality–homicide association disappeared in two of three models. These findings were consistent across different samples, data years, measures of inequality, dependent variables (overall and sex-specific homicide rates) and estimation procedures. The new results are congruent with what we know about poverty, inequality and homicide from the US empirical literature and suggest that the strong conclusions drawn about the inequality–homicide association may need to be reassessed, as the association may be a spurious result of model misspecification.
The role of fellatio in marital sexuality: An examination of sexual compatibility and sexual desire

Abstract This study assesses the role of fellatio in moderating an association between wives' sexual compatibility with their husbands and husbands' and wives' sexual desire towards each other. Participants were 73 non-distressed, sexually functional, married couples. Hierarchical regression analyses indicate that the Wives' Sexual Compatibility With Husbands X Fellatio Classification interaction contributed unique variance to the prediction of both husbands' and wives' sexual desire towards each other, after wives' sexual compatibility with husbands, fellatio classification, and relationship length were controlled. For those women who describe fellatio to be a satisfying experience, Pearson correlations indicated that wives' sexual compatibility with husbands correlated positively with husbands' and wives' sexual desire for each other. These findings did not hold true for those women who described fellatio as distatisfying.
Clinical Features, Complications, and Incidence of Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome in Patients Taking Tamsulosin

Purpose To evaluate the intraoperative findings, complication rates, effect of intracameral adrenaline, and incidence of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) in patients using tamsulosin. Methods In this prospective nonrandomized observational study, 858 eyes of 774 patients who had phacoemulsification between August 2005 and November 2006 were evaluated. Duration and preoperatively discontinuing time of tamsulosin intake were questioned. Preoperative pupil size, intraoperative iris behavior, progressive miosis, adrenalin usage, and complications were recorded. Results The incidence of IFIS was 1.6% and IFIS was seen in 14 of the 18 eyes of patients using tamsulosin (77.8%). One eye had floppy iris only, 2 eyes had floppy iris and intraoperative miosis, 3 eyes had floppy iris and iris prolapse, and 8 eyes had all three signs of IFIS. IFIS was seen in 7 of the 10 eyes where intracameral adrenaline was used, and in 7 of the 8 eyes without adrenaline (p=0.588). Intraoperative miosis was seen only in 3 of the 10 eyes with adrenaline and in 7 of the 8 eyes without adrenaline (p=0.025). Posterior capsule rupture occurred in 1 of the eyes with IFIS and in 5 eyes focal iris stromal atrophy caused by prolapse was seen. Conclusions IFIS occurred in 1.6% of cases having phacoemulsification. Intracameral adrenaline usage did not change the IFIS occurrence rate, but it seemed to be effective in preventing intraoperative miosis. There are still many questions about IFIS, and there is need for future studies strengthening the understanding of IFIS.