Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental stability and change in parent reports of temperament: a ten-year longitudinal investigation from infancy through preadolescence

The developmental course of nine temperament dimensions are documented in children (ns = 90-98 across assessment periods) from age 2 through 12 years. Analyses, based on parent reports on the Toddler Temperament Scale (2 years), Behavioral Style Questionnaire (3, 3.5, and 5 years), and Middle Childhood Temperament Questionnaire (8, 10, and 12 years), provide examples of developmental stability and change in children's temperament. The nature of change and stability depended on both the specific temperament dimension and the age frame. Overall, with advancement in age from infancy through preadolescence, children's temperament is best characterized as showing less developmental change as indexed by mean ratings on the temperament dimensions and greater cross-time stability as assessed by the relative position or rank ordering of children across time. Boys and girls were more similar than different with respect to average ratings of temperament and to stability of temperament throughout childhood
Serum cholesterol concentrations and all-cause mortality in older people.

OBJECTIVE To study the impact of serum cholesterol concentrations on the total risk of mortality in older people. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study with a follow-up of 8-10 years. SUBJECTS A total of 989 subjects (367 men and 622 women) aged 65 and over, living in the Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area at the time of their first complete serum lipid assessment. METHODS We calculated sex-specific mean levels of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, and the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein, for subjects who died of all causes and for those who survived to the end of follow-up, with adjustment for relevant covariates. We obtained estimates of the risk factor-adjusted sex-specific relative risk for all-cause mortality with approximate quartiles of serum cholesterol concentrations by proportional hazards regression models. We also evaluated the possible combined effects of age, sex and cholesterol on all-cause mortality. RESULTS A high level of high-density lipoprotein was significantly associated with a low total risk of mortality in older men. Conversely, an elevated ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein was directly related to an increased total risk of mortality in older men. Age and high-density lipoprotein level had a significant synergistic effect on all-cause mortality for the elderly men. We found little or no association in women between all-cause mortality and any of the lipid measures studied. CONCLUSIONS An increased ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein appears to be associated with an increase in risk for all-cause mortality in men aged 65 and over, while an elevated level of high-density lipoprotein, considered alone, seems to be protective against mortality from all causes in men aged 65-74 years, but this effect diminishes over the age of 75.
Screening for common mental disorders using the SRQ-20 in Brazil: what are the alternative strategies for analysis?

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) assessed with the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), using the established cutoff point, and comparing it with the results of a joint correspondence factor analysis (CFA) and cluster analysis and of a latent class analysis (LCA). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in an urban sample of 1,095 women aged 19 to 55 years. Joint CFA-cluster analysis and LCA were used. Results: We found a high prevalence of CMD, regardless of classification method (37.6% when using the cutoff point; 44.4% and 52% for LCA and joint CFA-cluster, respectively). The alternative analysis strategies describe the cases more efficiently when compared to the traditional cutoff method, especially regarding more severe symptoms. Both alternative strategies also provide a description of the SRQ-20 dimensions in their particularities, which may be useful for the planning and implementation of specific actions in a given population. Conclusion: The SRQ-20 cutoff point seems to underestimate the magnitude of CMD among women. The alternative methods of analysis presented herein highlight the different possibilities of using this important instrument of screening for mental health.
Loss of the habenula neuromodulator Kisspeptin1 disrupts learning in larval zebrafish

Learning how to actively avoid a predictable aversive stimulus involves two steps: recognizing the cue that predicts upcoming punishment, and learning a behavioral response that will lead to avoidance. In zebrafish, ventral habenula (vHb) neurons have been proposed to participate in both steps by encoding the expected aversiveness of a stimulus. vHb neurons increase their firing rate as expectation of punishment grows, but reduce their activity as avoidance learning occurs. How the change in vHb activity occurs is not known. Here, we ask whether the neuromodulator kisspeptin1, which is expressed in the ventral habenula, could be involved. Kiss1 mutants were generated with Cas9 using guide RNAs targeted to the signal sequence. Mutants, which have a stop codon upstream of the kisspeptin1 peptide, have a deficiency in learning to avoid a shock that is predicted by light. Electrophysiology indicates that kisspeptin1 has a concentration-dependent effect on vHb neurons: depolarizing at low concentrations and hyperpolarizing at high concentrations. These data suggest that as the fish learns to cope with a threat, kisspeptin1 may differentially modulate vHb neurons. This implies that learning a behavioral strategy to overcome a stressor is accompanied by physiological change in habenula neurons. Significance statement Learning to deal with adversity can positively affect one’s ability to cope with challenges in the immediate future. Control thus causes short-term change in the brain. Here, we show that the neuromodulator kisspeptin1 is required to learn to avoid a punishment. Expression and electrophysiological recordings suggest that this molecule functions by controlling the ventral habenula, a region of the brain that mediates fear by regulating serotonin release. Kisspeptin1 may be a potential player in resilience developed as a result of control, extending previous findings that it can reduce fear.
Assessment of caregiver burden of patients receiving dialysis treatment in Rawalpindi.

OBJECTIVE To determine the burden on the caregivers of patients receiving dialysis treatment. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in four different dialysis centres of Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from June 1 to December1, 2015, and comprised attendants of patients receiving dialysis. The data was collected from the attendants of patients receiving dialysis, and caregiver burden was measured using the Zarit Burden Interview questionnaire. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis. RESULTS Of the 164 subjects, 97(59%) were females. The majority of caregivers reported stress for caring (2.28±1.31), patients asking for more help than needed (2.14±1.13), health problems (1.03±1.11), financial constraints (1.70±1.15) and little time for self-care (2.15±1.21). Besides, 107(65%) caregivers perceived the burden of their patients as mild to moderate. A positive correlation was found between the duration of a person on dialysis, daily hours of care-giving and the total burden score of his/her caregiver (p<0.05 each). CONCLUSIONS Care-giving can create enormous burdens on caregivers, affecting their physical and psychological health.
Wittgenstein: Meaning and Judgement

PrefaceAbbreviations1. Wittgenstein's Master ArgumentIntroductionAnimating SignsThe Platonist Source Of GrammarThe Cartesian Source Of GrammarThe Community Source Of GrammarThe Negative And Positive Phases - First Statement2. Realism, Language And SelfIntroductionLogic Takes Care Of ItselfThe Need For GrammarThe Metaphysical OptionsThe Self3. This Is How We Play The GameIntroductionTwo Kinds Of HiddenMeaning And UseUse And SelfUse And Augustine's MistakeIs 'Slab! ' A Shortening Of 'Bring Me A Slab! ' Or Is The Latter A Lengthening Of The Former? This And Similar Things Are Called 'Games'Spontaneity In Particular Circumstances4. Rules And Other PeopleIntroductionThe Structure Of An ArgumentThe Bipartite Account Of MeaningPracticeWhat You See/Hear Is Not NormlessSeeing The Similarity In Particular Cases5. Putting Your Self In The PictureIntroductionThe Standard TreatmentsWhat's Special About Sensations? The Need For CalibrationCalibration In SubjectivityAgreement In Forms Of Life'Inner' Life Out ThereNow I Understand6. Seeing Things Aright:IntroductionTwo Uses Of The Word 'See'See What I MeanPaying AttentionThe Place Of JudgementWhat Comes NaturalBibliographyIndex
Family involvement with the diabetes regimen in young people: the role of adolescent depressive symptoms

In young people with Type 1 diabetes, depressive symptoms and shared responsibility for management of diabetes impact upon diabetes management and control. However, the simultaneous effects of both depressive symptoms and parental involvement on diabetes self‐care and glycaemic control have not been examined. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine the relationships between parental involvement and adolescent depressive symptoms in predicting blood glucose monitoring and glycaemic control.
Metalinguistics, stress accuracy, and word reading: does dialect matter?

PURPOSE The authors examined the influence of demographic variables on nonmainstream American English (NMAE) use; the differences between NMAE speakers and mainstream American English (MAE) speakers on measures of metalinguistics, single-word reading, and a new measure of morphophonology; and the differences between the 2 groups in the relationships among the measures. METHOD Participants were typically developing 3rd graders from Memphis, TN, including 21 MAE and 21 NMAE speakers. Children received a battery of tests measuring phonological and morphological awareness (PA and MA), morphophonology (i.e., accurately produced lexical stress in derived words), decoding, and word identification (WID). RESULTS Controlling for socioeconomic status, measures of PA, decoding, and WID were higher for MAE than for NMAE speakers. There was no difference in stress accuracy between the dialect groups. Only for the NMAE group were PA and MA significantly related to decoding and WID. Stress accuracy was correlated with word reading for the NMAE speakers and with all measures for the MAE speakers. CONCLUSION Stress accuracy was consistently related to reading measures, even when PA and MA were not. Morphophonology involving suprasegmental factors may be an area of convergence between language varieties because of its consistent relationship to word reading.
A Systematic Review of Function–Based Interventions for Students with Learning Disabilities

Students with learning disabilities (LD) experience pervasive academic deficits requiring extensive academic intervention; however, they may also engage in problem behaviors that adversely affect teaching and learning, thus lessening the potential impact of specialized instruction and supports. The learning deficits of students with LD are prevalent in the extant research, but behavioral needs appear to receive less attention. The authors report the results of a systematic review investigating the evidence–base for function–based interventions for students with LD using the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) criteria for evaluating single–case studies. Fourteen studies with 17 participants met inclusion criteria, with the majority occurring in elementary settings. Although interventions tended to be effective, few included maintenance and generalization measures. Because of the small number of studies (n = 4) that met WWC design and effectiveness standards, the authors conclude that function–based interventions, although promising, cannot currently be considered an evidence–based practice for students with LD. Implications for practice, areas for future research, and study limitations are reported.
Estimation of Power Production Potential from Natural Gas Pressure Reduction Stations in Pakistan Using ASPEN HYSYS

Pakistan is a gas rich but power poor country. It consumes approximately 1, 559 Billion cubic feet of natural gas annually. Gas is transported around the country in a system of pressurized transmission pipelines under a pressure range of 600-1000 psig exclusively operated by two state owned companies i.e. SNGPL (Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited) and SSGCL (Sui Southern Gas Company Limited). The gas is distributed by reducing from the transmission pressure into distribution pressure up to maximum level of 150 psig at the city gate stations normally called SMS (Sales Metering Station). As a normal practice gas pressure reduction at those SMSs is accomplished in pressure regulators (PCVs or in throttle valves) where isenthalpic expansion takes place without producing any energy. Pressure potential of natural gas is an untapped energy resource which is currently wasted by its throttling. This pressure reduction at SMS (pressure drop through SMS) may also be achieved by expansion of natural gas in TE, which converts its pressure into the mechanical energy, which can be transmitted any loading device for example electric generator. The aim of present paper is to explore the expected power production potential of various Sales Metering Stations of SSGCL company in Pakistan. The model of sales metering station was developed in a standard flow sheeting software Aspen HYSYS®7.1 to calculate power and study other parameters when an expansion turbine is used instead of throttling valves. It was observed from the simulation results that a significant power (more than 140 KW) can be produced at pressure reducing stations of SSGC network with gas flows more than 2.2 MMSCFD and pressure ration more than 1.3.
Combining Different mRNA Capture Methods to Analyze the Transcriptome: Analysis of the Xenopus laevis Transcriptome

mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) is a commonly used technique to survey gene expression from organisms with fully sequenced genomes. Successful mRNA-seq requires purification of mRNA away from the much more abundant ribosomal RNA, which is typically accomplished by oligo-dT selection. However, mRNAs with short poly-A tails are captured poorly by oligo-dT based methods. We demonstrate that combining mRNA capture via oligo-dT with mRNA capture by the 5’ 7-methyl guanosine cap provides a more complete view of the transcriptome and can be used to assay changes in mRNA poly-A tail length on a genome-wide scale. We also show that using mRNA-seq reads from both capture methods as input for de novo assemblers provides a more complete reconstruction of the transcriptome than either method used alone. We apply these methods of mRNA capture and de novo assembly to the transcriptome of Xenopus laevis, a well-studied frog that currently lacks a finished sequenced genome, to discover transcript sequences for thousands of mRNAs that are currently absent from public databases. The methods we describe here will be broadly applicable to many organisms and will provide insight into the transcriptomes of organisms with sequenced and unsequenced genomes.
Taming the Anxious Mind

Abstract This article describes an eight-week mindfulness meditation-based group that took place at a university counseling center. The group is patterned after the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program developed by Dr. Jon Kabat-Zinn at the Stress Reduction Clinic at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center. Group members are taught various mindfulness meditation techniques and are encouraged to practice them daily. The group has met with much success and it is highly valued by group members.
Adaptive Ensemble Learning With Confidence Bounds

Extracting actionable intelligence from distributed, heterogeneous, correlated, and high-dimensional data sources requires run-time processing and learning both locally and globally. In the last decade, a large number of meta-learning techniques have been proposed in which local learners make online predictions based on their locally collected data instances, and feed these predictions to an ensemble learner, which fuses them and issues a global prediction. However, most of these works do not provide performance guarantees or, when they do, these guarantees are asymptotic. None of these existing works provide confidence estimates about the issued predictions or rate of learning guarantees for the ensemble learner. In this paper, we provide a systematic ensemble learning method called Hedged Bandits, which comes with both long-run (asymptotic) and short-run (rate of learning) performance guarantees. Moreover, our approach yields performance guarantees with respect to the optimal local prediction strategy, and is also able to adapt its predictions in a data-driven manner. We illustrate the performance of Hedged Bandits in the context of medical informatics and show that it outperforms numerous online and offline ensemble learning methods.
Prevalence of bladder, bowel and sexual problems among multiple sclerosis patients two to five years after diagnosis

Most multiple sclerosis (MS) patients experience some sexual, bladder and/or bowel dysfunction during the course of the disease - one of MS most disabling features. This study estimated the frequency of these problems among patients, two to five years after diagnosis, and investigated how these problems are associated with health-related quality of life (using the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 questionnaire). The study population comprised a cohort of patients (n=56), diagnosed in a three-year period, in Hordaland County, Norway. The patients were examined clinically, including scoring of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and completed questionnaires related to bowel and bladder dysfunction, sexual problems and health-related quality of life. More than half the patients had bladder and sexual problems. The frequency of self-reported bladder problems corresponded to the relatively high levels of residual urine found. The presence of these problems was associated with lower scores on the quality of life scales. Further, the bowel problems reported were markedly associated with the quality of life scores. Since treatments and preventive strategies can manage many of these problems, we suggest increasing the focus on these aspects of the disease when consulting patients, including at early stages.
A new role for the architecture of microvillar actin bundles in apical retention of membrane proteins

The bundled architecture of actin filaments is not needed for intestinal microvillar morphogenesis, as shown in knockout mice devoid of microvillar actin-bundling proteins. This architecture is essential for the apical anchorage of digestive proteins, probably via the recruitment of key players in apical retention, such as myosin-1a, and, as a result, for intestinal physiology.
Hidden symmetries, central charges and all that

In this review we discuss hidden symmetries of toroidal compactifications of 11-dimensional supergravity. We recall alternative versions of this theory which exhibit traces of the hidden symmetries while still retaining the massive Kaluza-Klein states. We reconsider them in the broader perspective of M-theory which incorporates a more extended variety of BPS states. We also argue for a new geometry that may underlie these theories. All our arguments point towards an extension of the number of spacetime coordinates beyond 11.
A Dialectic Perspective on Innovation: Conflicting Demands, Multiple Pathways, and Ambidexterity

Innovation, the development and intentional introduction of new and useful ideas by individuals, teams, and organizations, lies at the heart of human adaptation. Decades of research in different disciplines and at different organizational levels have produced a wealth of knowledge about how innovation emerges and the factors that facilitate and inhibit innovation. We propose that this knowledge needs integration. In an initial step toward this goal, we apply a dialectic perspective on innovation to overcome limitations of dichotomous reasoning and to gain a more valid account of innovation. We point out that individuals, teams, and organizations need to self-regulate and manage conflicting demands of innovation and that multiple pathways can lead to idea generation and innovation. By scrutinizing the current use of the concept of organizational ambidexterity and extending it to individuals and teams, we develop a framework to help guide and facilitate future research and practice. Readers expecting specific and universal prescriptions of how to innovate will be disappointed as current research does not allow such inferences. Rather, we think innovation research should focus on developing and testing principles of innovation management in addition to developing decision aids for organizational practice. To this end, we put forward key propositions and action principles of innovation management.
Empathy in the Global World: An Intercultural Perspective

1. A Global Imperative: The Unveiling of Empathy 2. The Creation of Empathy: From Ancients to Moderns 3. Geopolitics: The Spoils of Empathy 4. Immigration: Empathy's Flickering Flames? 5. Crafting Images: Media and Empathy 6. Catastrophes, Tsunamis, and Katrinas 7. "I Didn't Do It for You:" Organizations, Class, and Poverty 8. Empathetic Literacy: Come, Shout About It?
Protein Phenotypes of Mouse Macrophages Activated In Vivo for Tumor Cell Killing

We have shown previously that the cellular proteins 47b and 71/73 could be used to construct phenotypes that distinguish among bone marrow culture‐derived (BMCD) macrophages that were either unstimulated or primed by gamma interferon or fully activated for tumor cell killing by gamma interferon in combination with lipopolysaccha‐ride (LPS). In the present study we examined in vivo‐derived correlates for each of these stages of macrophage activation and found that the same protein phenotypes held true: both p47b and p71/73 were expressed by cytolytic peritoneal macrophages, including macrophages from a tumoral effusion, whereas macrophages primed in vivo by the intraperitoneal injection of either concanavalin A or methyl vinyl ether copolymer II expressed p47b but lacked p71/73. Neither resident nor inflammatory macrophage populations expressed p47b, and acute inflammatory macrophages, like unstimulated BMCD macrophages, expressed little or no p71/73. By contrast, resident and thioglycollate‐elicited macrophages synthesized moderate levels of p71/73. When p71/73 also was expressed, there was a quantitative relationship between p47b expression and cytolytic activity in five different in vivo‐activated macrophage populations. The results suggest that, regardless of the macrophage source or stimulus, it may be possible to assess macrophage activation status by reference to protein phenotypes utilizing p47b and p71/73.
Visual Environmental Adaptation Problems of Partially Sighted Children

This article reports the results of an analysis of questionnaires administered to partially sighted children and their parents. The aim of the study was to identify the visual environmental adaptation problems (VEAPs) of children who attend regular classrooms but have support from teachers of visually impaired students. In addition to discussing the VEAPs that were found in various areas, the article offers suggestions for adaptive techniques and materials that will help these children function more effectively.