Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmation of Tyzzer's disease in a foal and clinical and pathologic characteristics of 6 additional foals (1986-2005).

BACKGROUND Tyzzer's disease is a rapidly progressive and highly fatal hepatitis of foals caused by Clostridium piliforme. Survival of a confirmed case has not been reported previously. HYPOTHESIS Successful therapy of C. piliforme infection in foals is possible. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to diagnose Tyzzer's disease antemortem or postmortem. ANIMALS Seven foals were included in the study. METHODS Retrospective study was made to evaluate the clinical and pathologic characteristics of foals with Tyzzer's disease. Medical records of the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at University of California Davis were reviewed. Foals <3 months old were included in the study if typical clinical signs were present and histologic examination identified multifocal coagulative necrosis and hepatitis with intracytoplasmic filamentous bacilli, consistent with C. piliforme. A real-time TaqMan assay was developed to detect C. piliforme gene sequences in liver tissue from affected foals. RESULTS Median survival time from onset of disease in nonsurviving foals was 30 hours (mean 34.5 +/- 20.1; range, 16-62 hours). Common clinical findings included lethargy, recumbency, seizures, and fever. Laboratory findings included metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia and increased activity of hepatobiliary enzymes. Treatment consisted of IV fluids, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory drugs, and parenteral nutrition. One filly survived, whereas 6 died. Postmortem examination of the 6 foals that died disclosed hepatomegaly with multifocal necrosis. Liver tissue from 4 foals was positive for C. piliforme gene sequences using PCR. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Although the mortality rate of Tyzzer's disease is high, successful outcome is possible if intensive care is initiated promptly. PCR can be used for early and specific diagnosis.
Ureteral Injuries in Colorectal Surgery: An Analysis of Trends, Outcomes, and Risk Factors Over a 10-Year Period in the United States

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic ureteral injuries during colorectal surgical procedures are rare. Little is known about their incidence, associated outcomes, and predisposing factors. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the trends of iatrogenic ureteral injuries in the United States over a decade, as well as their outcomes and risk factors. DESIGN: This was a retrospective study. SETTINGS: The nationwide inpatient sample from 2001 to 2010 was analyzed. PATIENTS: Included were patients with colorectal cancer, benign polyps, diverticular disease, or inflammatory bowel disease undergoing colorectal surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Trends of iatrogenic ureteral injuries occurring in colon and rectal surgical procedures were examined over a 10-year period. Mortality, morbidity, length of stay and total charge associated with ureteral injuries were analyzed on multivariate analysis. Finally, a predictive model for ureteral injuries was built using patient, hospital, and operative variables. RESULTS: An estimated 2,165,848 colorectal surgical procedures were performed in the United States over the study period, and 6027 ureteral injuries were identified (0.28%). The rate of ureteral injuries was higher in the second half of the decade (2006-2010) compared with the first half (2001-2005; 3.1/1000 vs 2.5/1000; p < 0.001). Ureteral injuries were independently associated with higher mortality (OR, 1.45; p < 0.05), morbidity (OR, 1.66; p < 0.001), longer length of stay (mean difference, 3.65 days; p < 0.001), and higher hospital charges by $31,497 (p< 0.001). Risk factors for ureteral injuries included rectal cancer (OR, 1.85), adhesions (OR, 1.83), metastatic cancer (OR, 1.76), weight loss/malnutrition (OR, 1.08), and teaching hospitals (OR, 1.05). Protective factors included the use of laparoscopy (OR, 0.91), transverse colectomy (OR, 0.90), and right colectomy (OR, 0.43). LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective study from an administrative database. CONCLUSIONS: Iatrogenic ureteral injuries are rare complications in colorectal surgery; however, their incidence appears to be rising. Ureteral injuries are associated with higher mortality, morbidity, hospital charge, and length of stay, and their incidence can be predicted by several factors.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Theophylline in Premature Korean Infants

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the population pharmacokinetics of theophylline in premature Korean infants and to assess the influence of clinical covariates. Methods: Blood samples were first obtained after 1 week of maintenance dosing and then acquired approximately 4 weeks after continuous dosing. The time points were just before dosing and 2, 4, or 6 hours (at randomly assigned time points) after dosing. Two single-nucleotide polymorphism markers, −3860 G>A (CYP1A2*1C) and −163C>A (CYP1A2*1F), were genotyped. Gestational age (GA), postnatal age (PNA), postconceptional age (PCA = GA + PNA), body weight (BW), height, serum AST, serum ALT, serum BUN, serum creatinine, oxygen support, sex, delivery mode, and CYP1A2 genotypes were used for covariate model building. External validation was analyzed using data from an additional 27 patients. Results: A total of 334 serum concentration measurements were made in 100 patients. A one-compartment absorptive model with first-order elimination was fitted to the data in NONMEM (version 7.1.2). The final model included the following parameters: Clearance (L/h) = 0.00492 × (BW)3.53 + 0.00646 × (PNA), and volume of distribution (L) = 1.53 × (BW). The addition of the CYP1A2*1C or CYP1A2*1F genotypes to the model did not improve the model. The external validation results confirmed the predictive performance without bias in the final model. Conclusions: The selected covariates were generally consistent with previous studies. However, the mean volume of distribution was higher than the values reported in other population pharmacokinetic studies, which may have been due to the use of 2 sampling time points. The predictive performance was reasonably acceptable. Therefore, the present model may permit more accurate selection of doses to achieve target theophylline concentrations in premature infants.
A review of failure mechanisms in wind turbine generator systems

Reliability is a critical consideration for wind turbine generator systems as failures contribute directly to operation and maintenance costs and hence the cost of energy. Improving reliability hinges on an understanding of the mechanisms of failures that occur. This paper discusses the major failure mechanisms in the WT generator system, particularly the converter and the generator, from the point of view of their use in wind turbines. It also looks at the opportunities for improving reliability.
Interrelationships Between Reading and Writing Persuasive Discourse

This study was designed to determine (a) whether the writing of persuasive discourse can be improved by instruction and (b) the effect of reading on writing and of writing on reading within the mode of persuasion. Students in two sixth-grade classes in each of two schools (n= 110) were stratified by sex and ability and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: 1. instruction in a model for persuasion plus writing practice; 2. instruction in a model for persuasion plus reading practice; 3. reading novels and writing book reports plus a single lesson in the persuasion model; 4. reading novels and writing book reports (control group). Instruction was given for ten 45-minute lessons over five weeks. Pretests and posttests each consisted of writing a recall protocol of a persuasive text and writing two persuasive compositions. On the posttest, both the writing and the reading groups (groups 1 and 2) scored significantly higher than the control group on writing quality, on the organization of compositions, on the number of conclusions and text markers used, and on the degree of elaboration of reasons. There were no differences between the control group and other groups on reading recall scores.
Rapid Identification of P-glycoprotein Substrates and Inhibitors

Identifying molecules that interact with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is important for drug discovery but is also generally reliant on time-consuming in vitro and in vivo studies. As an alternative approach, the current study applied pharmacophore models and database screening to rapidly retrieve molecules that bind as substrates or inhibitors for P-gp from commercial databases and then confirmed their affinity as inhibitors in vitro. Seven molecules (acitretin, cholecalciferol, misoprostol, nafcillin, repaglinide, salmeterol, and telmisartan) with no published details for P-gp affinity, one positive control inhibitor (miconazole), and two negative control molecules (phenelzine and zonisamide) were selected for testing. The MDCK-MDR1 in vitro cell model was used to confirm their inhibitory effect on [3H]digoxin transport, and the ATPase assay was used as an additional in vitro tool to indicate P-gp activation. All seven test drugs were confirmed to have P-gp affinity. Additionally, our experimental results provided plausible explanations for the published pharmacokinetic profiles of the tested drugs and their classification according to the biopharmaceutics and drug disposition classification system. In this study, we showed the successful application of pharmacophore models to accurately predict P-gp binding, which holds promise to anticipate drug-drug interactions from screening drug databases and a priori prediction of novel P-gp inhibitors or substrates.
The nervous control of joint blood vessels

The innervation of joints has been fully reviewed by Gardner (1950) but, as he points out, 'the manner in which articular vessels are controlled, however, remains to be studied'. It has been assumed that, since the joint structures are provided with a sympathetic innervation like that of the blood vessels of other deep structures, the control of the joint vessels follows a similar pattern. However, such behaviour has never been shown by the direct measurement of joint blood flow.
Interventions for Young Children With Autism

The purpose of this study Was to collect and examine intervention studies conducted With young children With autism. The synthesis looked at inferential studies reported betWeen 1975 and April 2001 that included preestablished criteria such as, for example, at least tWo thirds of the participants ages 3 to 8 years and 50% or more of the participants diagnosed With autism. A total of 24 studies met the inclusion criteria and Were then coded and summarized. Findings revealed that interventions that targeted multiple variables, extended over a long duration, and included parent involvement yielded the most positive outcomes for children.
Polypeptide after Activation of MAPKs Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Leukocytes Functions by the Neuropeptide Regulation of Human Polymorphonuclear

Anti-inﬂammatory activities of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating protein (PACAP) are mediated in part through speciﬁc effects on lymphocytes and macrophages. This study shows that in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), PACAP acts as a proinﬂammatory molecule. In PMNs, vaso-intestinal peptide/PACAP receptor 1 (VPAC-1) was the only receptor found to be expressed by RT-PCR. Using VPAC-1 Ab, we found that VPAC-1 mRNA was translated into proteins. In PMNs, PACAP increases cAMP, inositol triphosphate metabolites, and calcium. It activates two of the three members of the MAPK superfamily, the ERK and the stress-activated MAPK p38. U73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC), inhibits PACAP-induced ERK activation, whereas p38 MAPK phosphorylation was unaffected. Using speciﬁc pharmalogical inhibitors of ERK (PD098059) and p38 MAPK (SB203580), we found that PACAP-mediated calcium increase was ERK and PLC dependent and p38 independent. PACAP primes fMLP-associated calcium increase; it also primes fMLP activation of the respiratory burst as well as elastase release, these last two processes being ERK and PLC dependent and p38 MAPK independent. PACAP also increases membrane expression of CD11b and release of lactoferrin and metallo proteinase-9 (MMP-9). These effects were PLC dependent (CD 11b, lactoferrin, MMP-9), ERK dependent (CD 11b, lactoferrin, MMP-9), and p38 dependent (CD11b, lactoferrin). We conclude that PACAP is a direct
Value of information analysis for a new technology: Computer-assisted total knee replacement

Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate how value of information analysis can measure the upper limit on returns to future research and identify the research priorities for computer-assisted total knee replacement (CAS-TKR). Methods: Using a previous economic analysis of CAS-TKR compared with conventional TKR, the population expected value of perfect information (EVPI) was calculated using Monte Carlo simulation to provide an estimate of the upper limit on returns to future research. The population expected value of partial perfect information (EVPPI) for both individual parameters and groups of parameters was estimated to inform specific future research priorities. Results: The UK individual EVPI would be £21.4 if the willingness to pay for one QALY (quality-adjusted life-year) were £30,000. The population EVPPI would be £8.3 million, assuming a 10-year time horizon for CAS-TKR. In this instance, the expected value of information is positively related to willingness to pay for one QALY for the range of £0 to £50,000. Although each individual parameter had an EVPPI of £0, groups of utility parameters had positive EVPPI. Population EVPPI was £5.6 million for utility parameters, £20,000 for transition probabilities relating to CAS-TKR, and £5,000 for transition probabilities related to conventional TKR. Conclusions: The study provides evidence on which parameters further information may be of most value. Focusing research on the utility values associated with health states relating to TKR would be of greatest value.
Halton Sequences Avoid the Origin

The nth point of the Halton sequence in [0,1]d is shown to have components whose product is larger than Cn-1, where C > 0 depends on d. This property makes the Halton sequence very well suited to quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) integration of some singular functions that become unbounded as the argument approaches the origin. The Halton sequence avoids a similarly shaped (though differently sized) region around every corner of the unit cube, making it suitable for functions with singularities at all corners. Convergence rates are established for QMC integration based on two assumptions: a growth condition on the integrand, and a measure of how the sample points avoid the boundary. In some settings the error is O(n-1 + epsilon), while in others the error diverges to infinity. Star discrepancy does not suffice to distinguish the cases.
Measurement Vantage Point Selection Using A Similarity Metric

It is a challenge to select the most appropriate vantage points in a measurement platform with a wide selection. RIPE Atlas [2], for example currently has over 9600 active measurement vantage points, with selections based on AS, country, etc. A user is limited to how many vantage points they can use in a measurement. This is not only due to limitations the measurement platform imposes, but data from a large number of vantage points would produce a large volume to analyse and store. So it makes sense to optimize for a minimal set of vantage points with a maximum chance of observing the phenomenon in which the user is interested. Network operators often need to debug with only limited information about the problem ("Our network is slow for users in France! "). doing a minimal set of measurements that would allow testing through a wide diversity of networks could be a valuable add-on to the tools available to network operators. Given platforms with numerous vantage points, we have the luxury of testing a large set of end-customer outgoing paths. A diversity metric would allow selection of the most dissimilar vantage points, while exploring from as diverse angles as possible, even with a limited probing budget. If one finds an interesting network phenomenon, one could use the similarity metric to advantage by selecting the most similar vantage points to the one exhibiting the phenomenon, to validate the phenomenon from multiple vantage points. We propose a novel means of selecting vantage points, not based on categorical properties such as origin AS, or geographic location, but rather on topological (dis)similarity between vantage points. We describe a similarity metric across RIPE Atlas probes, and show how it performs better for the purpose of topology discovery than the default probe selection mechanism built into RIPE Atlas.
Entstehung und Funktion der Fugenelemente im Deutschen, oder: warum wir keine ^*Autosbahn haben

In the first part, the often illogical occurrence of linking elements homonymous with plural markers is explained by showing that the former do not originate in the latter but that both have been grammaticalized in parallel pathways from stem building suffixes. In the second part, the (non)application of the linking elements -n and -s will be explained by analysing the form of the first constituents as well as the function of the linking elements. The results are relevant for linguistic theory and for acquisition theory since they call into doubt the Level Ordering Model of the lexicon.
Les effets de l’expérience et de l’expertise dans les pratiques enseignantes en EPS : étude didactique clinique en Savate Boxe Française

Cette these rend compte des effets de l’experience et de l’expertise sur les pratiques d’enseignement en EPS. Cette recherche en SBF questionne le sens que l’enseignant d’EPS confere a sa pratique professionnelle analysee a partir du croisement des donnees theoriques de la didactique clinique. Cette orientation scientifique fondee sur la theorie du sujet en didactique « divise » entre des contraintes contradictoires, permet au chercheur d’identifier le rapport personnel du praticien a l’activite enseignee soumise a la contingence de la transmission des savoirs. Elle justifie l’utilisation d’un point de vue methodologique des trois temps de l’analyse didactique clinique : l’analyse du deja-la qui renseigne sur l’intention de l’enseignant, l’observation in situ et les entretiens d’apres-coup qui permettent a l’enseignant de reflechir sur sa propre activite et au chercheur d’inferer les causes des phenomenes didactiques observes. Les analyses inter et intra sites rendent compte de chaque profil didactique et permettent de les comparer afin d’identifier les effets specifiques de l’experience et de l’expertise. Notre projet final est de presenter un « cadre generique» d’analyse et d’interpretation des pratiques d’enseignement en articulant les dimensions didactiques et cliniques afin de verifier nos hypotheses.
Differential Secretion of Atrial and Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Critically Ill Patients

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are cardiac hormones with natriuretic, vasorelaxant, and aldosterone-inhibiting properties. We analyzed the plasma of 178 critically ill patients for ANP, BNP, aldosterone, and serum sodium concentration, as well as serum and urine osmolality and sodium filtration fraction. Mean plasma concentrations of ANP and BNP were increased in critically ill patients compared with healthy controls (ANP, 14.3 ± 5.8 pmol/L versus 8.8 ± 3.2 pmol/L, P < 0.05; BNP, 26.2 ± 10.7 pmol/L versus 4.6 ± 2.8 pmol/L, P < 0.0001). The relative increases in ANP concentrations were comparable in all diseases. BNP concentrations, by contrast, showed a wider variation. The largest BNP concentrations were observed in patients who underwent cardiac surgical procedures and in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. ANP, but not BNP, was correlated with aldosterone levels (r = 0.4, P < 0.001), serum sodium (r = 0.42, P < 0.001), sodium filtration fraction (r = 0.3, P < 0.001), serum osmolality (r = 0.25, P < 0.01), urinary osmolality (r = −0.24, P < 0.01), and central venous pressure (r = 0.22, P < 0.01). ANP and BNP concentrations were increased in critically ill patients; however, this did not correlate with the severity of illness or mortality. Our data support a regulatory role for ANP in the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance. The physiologic role of BNP, by contrast, is less clear. ANP and BNP are not predictors for the severity of illness and mortality in critically ill patients.
Language and social identity: Performance and ethnic style in job interviews

Introduction This chapter provides a theoretical framework for analyzing conversational data derived from job interviews and reports a case study using such a framework. Our data derive from simulated interviews given to 12 Afro-American students of a CETA (Comprehensive Employment and Training Act) job training program in Oakland, California in the summer of 1978. Our goal is to highlight those communicative conditions that can lead to negative evaluation in stressful speech encounters like job interviews. We describe (1) the structural and communicative characteristics of the job interview, (2) the nature and inferential implications of interview questions, and (3) the nature of communicative tasks, showing how interview conversation differs from ordinary conversation. We then go on to compare the responses of two candidates to a similar set of interview questions, using three major parameters of communicative effectiveness in interview conversation: stylistic expectations, content, and underlying patterns. The comparison shows how the accretion of ethnic discourse features that diverge from established conventions of interview talks leads to a negative evaluation of one of the candidates. The job interview The interview as a kind of conversation is probably as old as language itself. In its simplest form, it is prototypically manifested as an interrogative encounter between someone who has the right or privilege to know and another in a less powerful position who is obliged to respond, rather defensively, to justify his/her action, to explain his/her problems, to give up him/herself for evaluation. (God's interview of Adam after the latter had eaten the forbidden fruit provides an archetype.
Impact of Intercollegiate Athletic Participation on Leadership Development

This study examined the effects of participation in intercollegiate athletics on leadership development using a multi-institutional, longitudinal sample of students at four-year institutions. Using Astin’s (1993) Input–Environment–Outcome model, we examined whether athletic participation influenced leadership development using the Socially Responsible Leadership Scale while controlling for students’ background and institutional characteristics. Using pretest/posttest data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education, we found participation in certain types of athletics, particularly team sports, inhibit leadership growth. This study contributes to the literature by using longitudinal data, comparing athletes to nonathletes, and classifying athletes based upon team or individual sports as well as by the contact level in their respective sport. Finally, this study has implications for higher education policy, including practical applications for coaches, administrators, faculty, staff, and students.