Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Personality and Depression

3 Kim Kronström Personality and depression ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to illustrate the associations of personality variables and depression. The first study population consisted of 50 patients with DSM-IV defined major depressive disorder. Subjects were randomized to receive either fluoxetine medication or short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was completed at the baseline and in the follow-up at four months. Baseline mature defense style measured with the Defense Style Questionnaire predicted favorable outcome in the fluoxetine treatment group, whereas no associations were found in psychotherapy group. The Psychological Mindedness Scale scores were not predictive for recovery in patients receiving psychotherapy or medication. The Psychological Mindedness Scale seems not to be useful in selecting optimal treatment in major depressive disorder. Harm Avoidance measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory associated with the baseline severity of the depressive state. In the fluoxetine treatment group high Reward Dependence, high Self-Directedness and high Cooperativeness were predictive for more severe depression in the four months follow-up, whereas no associations were found in the psychotherapy treatment group. It is possible that the result reflects the differences in the placebo response. The second data were derived from the Finnish Public Sector Study. These prospective studies with four years follow-up focused on the predictive value of optimism and pessimism, first, to work disability with a diagnosis of depression lasting at least 90 days and returning to work (N= 38214) , and second, to the likelihood of initiating antidepressant medication treatment lasting at least 100 days and ending the treatment (N= 29930). Results show that low optimism associates with the elevated risk of work disability and higher likelihood of antidepressant use. High pessimism associated with higher likelihood starting at least 100 days antidepressant medication and not stopping medication during the follow up. High pessimism did not seem to predict the entering to depression related work disability, but in the case of disability period it associated with the lower likelihood of returning to work. The thesis shows that personality features play a role as a vulnerability factor, and influence the onset and course of depression. Taking these factors into account more than is currently done may increase the possibilities to enhance the treatment results in depression. ottaminen saattavat auttaa parantamaan masennuksen hoitotuloksia.
Supplemental Literacy Instruction in High School: What Students Say Matters for Reading Engagement

ABSTRACT In this article, we describe a model for reading engagement that emerged from interviews with high school students who participated in a yearlong supplemental intervention course. The course focused on motivation, strategies, content learning, and communication within the context of themed instruction. We sought to ascertain instructional factors, within the context of the supplemental reading course, that were most engaging for students from the students’ perspective. Using constant comparative analysis methods, we identified themes that emerged from interviews with 63 students who participated in the intervention. Participants articulated the significance of relevant texts, self-efficacy with valued tasks, classroom relationships, and reading strategies in influencing their literacy engagement. Based on these themes, we present an engagement model that expands on earlier models emphasizing cognitive, behavioral, motivational, and social dimensions. Implications suggest pathways for engaging students who are participating in targeted literacy interventions.
Robustness of multi-modal biometric systems under realistic spoof attacks against all traits

Spoof attacks consist in submitting fake biometric traits to biometric systems, and are a major threat that can curtail their security. Multi-modal biometric systems are commonly believed to be intrinsically more robust to spoof attacks, but recent works have shown that they can be evaded by spoofing even a single biometric trait. This result was however obtained under the worst-case scenario that the attacker is able to fabricate an exact replica of the genuine biometric trait, which was simulated by assuming that the matching score distribution of fake traits is identical to the one of genuine users. This demands for a more thorough investigation of the robustness of multi-modal biometric systems against realistic spoof attacks, namely under non-worst case scenarios. In this paper we focus on bi-modal systems made up of a face and a fingerprint matcher, whose scores are fused using the well-known sum, product, weighted sum and likelihood ratio (LLR) rules. We evaluate their robustness against realistic spoof attacks obtained by fabricating fake biometric traits. The main goal of our study is to investigate whether a realistic spoof attack against both modalities can allow the attacker to crack the multimodal system. Our results show that even in a realistic, non-worst case scenario, the false acceptance rate (FAR) can remarkably increase.
Distributed privacy preserving k-means clustering with additive secret sharing

Recent concerns about privacy issues motivated data mining researchers to develop methods for performing data mining while preserving the privacy of individuals. However, the current techniques for privacy preserving data mining suffer from high communication and computation overheads which are prohibitive considering even a modest database size. Furthermore, the proposed techniques have strict assumptions on the involved parties which need to be relaxed in order to reflect the real-world requirements. In this paper we concentrate on a distributed scenario where the data is partitioned vertically over multiple sites and the involved sites would like to perform clustering without revealing their local databases. For this setting, we propose a new protocol for privacy preserving k-means clustering based on additive secret sharing. We show that the new protocol is more secure than the state of the art. Experiments conducted on real and synthetic data sets show that, in realistic scenarios, the communication and computation cost of our protocol is considerably less than the state of the art which is crucial for data mining applications.
Investigation of the kinematics of young disk populations

We used both radial-velocity and proper-motion data to perform a rotation-curve solution on a combined sample of about 700 Population-I objects including young open clusters (lg A < 8.1), classical Cepheids, and red supergiants. The distances of all objects are derived on a homogenized scale based on Kholopov’s (1980) ZAMS,MV (B−V )0, PL relation for classical Cepheids by Berdnikov & Efremov (1985), and the absolutemagnitude calibration for red supergiants involving photometric data in Wing’s eight-color narrow-band near-infrared system. We inferred R0 = 7.3 ± 0.3 kpc for the distance of the Sun to the Galactic center and found the following parameters of the solar apex and Galactic rotation curve: U0 = 8.8 ± 0.9 km s−1, V0 = 13.5± 0.9 km s−1,W0 = 11.7± 1.5 km s−1,ω0 = 27.3± 2.0 km s−1 kpc−1, A = 19.5 ± 0.5 km s−1 kpc−1, and (dω/dr)0 = 1.13 ± 0.12 km s−1 kpc−3. These values are in good agreement with the results of our analysis of the radial-velocity and proper-motion fields of classical Cepheids (Dambis et al. 1995).
Uncertainty, Irreversibility, and the Timing of Climate Policy

Alan Sanstad for their review and comments on previous drafts of this report. iii Executive Summary Much has been written in recent years about policy options for dealing with anticipated climate change, often, as in discussions of the Kyoto Protocol, with a focus on mechanisms to coordinate international efforts to control emissions of greenhouse gases. Another line of research, and the one pursued in this paper, considers the question of the timing of climate policy, or, in other words, how soon and how stringently to control emissions, in the face of a variety of uncertainties and irreversibilities, both physical and economic. Policy decisions (including a decision to do nothing, which is at one end of the spectrum of possible responses to climate change) must be made in the absence of a sure knowledge of the rate and degree of warming over the next several decades or centuries. Decisions must also be made under uncertainty about the physical impacts of a given degree of warming and the associated economic losses (or gains). Further compounding the decision problem are rigidities or irreversibilities in both physical and economic systems. Investment in reducing emissions can be irreversible in the sense that capital embodied in nuclear or renewable energy production facilities, energy-efficient buildings, and so on, is sunk, i.e., cannot be readily converted to other uses in the event this is desired before the capital has fully depreciated. On the other hand, increases in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases are, if not irreversible (there is depreciation or decay here too), very long lived, on human time scales, on the order of hundreds and even thousands of years. Further, impacts of an increase can be irreversible, and, indeed, catastrophic, as would be true for substantial melting of the Antarctic ice sheets and the attendant rise in sea level. The problem considered in the paper is then to determine the implications of these kinds of uncertainties and irreversibilities for the timing of climate policy. The first section briefly reviews the environmental economics literature on decisions under uncertainty and irreversibility. The key finding, here, is that, where a problem is characterized by (1) uncertainty about future costs and benefits of the alternatives under consideration, (2) prospects for resolving or reducing the uncertainty with the passage of time, and (3) irreversibility of one of the alternatives, an extra value, an option value, properly attaches to the reversible alternative(s). Put …
Moving Beyond Profit: Expanding Research to Better Understand Business Environmental Management

An extensive economics literature has examined business environmental management to identify characteristics and external institutional stakeholder pressures that influence management decisions. Frequently, it is assumed that profit pursuit is the goal, and organizations subject to the same pressures respond similarly. Studies have identified a narrow set of influential stakeholders, but have revealed that organizations respond differently to them. Recent research shows that an important moderating influence is the manager’s attitude toward environmental protection, which may explain differing organizational responses, and that managers may perceive the ability to obtain utility beyond increased profit from engaging in strategic environmental management. A comprehensive framework for assessing moderating perceptions is lacking, but recent research combining institutional theory and utility maximization shows increased explanatory power and exposes the relative importance of manager perceptions. This paper synthesizes economics and management literature on institutional determinants of environmental management, utility maximization, and attitudes and behavior to illustrate the usefulness of an integrated approach for both disciplines.
Valproic acid interferes with antiviral treatment in human cytomegalovirus-infected endothelial cells.

AIMS The endothelium represents a natural site of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection involved in viral spreading and persistence. Moreover, HCMV infection of endothelial cells has been associated with different pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system. Here, the influence of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) was investigated on HCMV replication in human umbilical vein endothelial cells alone or in combination with the antiviral drugs ganciclovir, cidofovir or foscarnet. METHODS AND RESULTS HCMV replication was observed by immunostaining for viral antigens and by virus yield assay. Protein expression and phosphorylation were examined by western blot. Cell viability was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide dye reduction assay. Therapeutic VPA concentrations (< or =1 mM) increased HCMV immediate early antigen, late antigen, and viral titres of different endotheliotropic and non-endotheliotropic HCMV strains in a concentration- and time-dependent manner up to 30-fold. Moreover, VPA impaired the antiviral activity of the anti-HCMV drugs ganciclovir, cidofovir, and foscarnet. VPA inhibits histone deacetylases (HDAC) and induces HDAC-independently extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation in endothelial cells. Both effects observed, HCMV stimulation and interference with antiviral drugs, depend on HDAC inhibition but not on ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest to carefully monitor the frequency of HCMV reactivation in cardiovascular patients treated with VPA (or other HDAC inhibitors) in comparison to control individuals.
An Improved Novel Steganographic Technique For RGB And YCbCr Colorspace

-Steganography is the art of hiding the fact that communication is taking place, by hiding information in other information. Many different carrier file formats can be used, but digital images are the most popular because of their frequency on the Internet. For hiding secret information in images, there exists a large variety of steganographic techniques some are more complex than others and all of them have respective strong and weak points. Different applications have different requirements of the steganography technique used. For example, some applications may require absolute invisibility of the secret information, while others require a larger secret message to be hidden. This paper intends to give an overview of image steganography, its uses and techniques. It also attempts to identify the requirements of a good steganographic algorithm and briefly reflects on which steganographic techniques are more suitable for which applications. The proposed work improves the imperceptibility of steganographic approach and developed new algorithm using modifying approach.
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): stellar mass growth of spiral galaxies in the cosmic web

We look for correlated changes in stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR) along filaments in the cosmic web by examining the stellar masses and UV-derived SFRs of 1799 ungrouped and unpaired spiral galaxies that reside in filaments. We devise multiple distance metrics to characterize the complex geometry of filaments, and find that galaxies closer to the cylindrical centre of a filament have higher stellar masses than their counterparts near the periphery of filaments, on the edges of voids. In addition, these peripheral spiral galaxies have higher SFRs at a given mass. Complementing our sample of filament spiral galaxies with spiral galaxies in tendrils and voids, we find that the average SFR of these objects in different large-scale environments are similar to each other with the primary discriminant in SFR being stellar mass, in line with previous works. However, the distributions of SFRs are found to vary with large-scale environment. Our results thus suggest a model in which in addition to stellar mass as the primary discriminant, the large-scale environment is imprinted in the SFR as a second-order effect. Furthermore, our detailed results for filament galaxies suggest a model in which gas accretion from voids on to filaments is primarily in an orthogonal direction. Overall, we find our results to be in line with theoretical expectations of the thermodynamic properties of the intergalactic medium in different large-scale environments.
The Impact of Parental Conflict and the Mitigating Effect of Joint Custody After Divorce or Separation

ABSTRACT This is an empirical study based on a large randomized sample of French children focusing on questions of the consequences of divorce and interparental conflict. In particular, the effect of joint custody after parental separation on children’s self-esteem was tested. The results were compared with those of a previous study made 12 years earlier with the same instruments to measure the evolution of French society and French law in the matter of divorce.
The buildup of stellar mass and the 3.6 μm luminosity function in clusters from z = 1.25 to z = 0.2

We have measured the 3.6 μ m luminosity evolution of about 1000 galaxies in 32 clusters at $0.2<z<1.25$, without any a priori assumption about luminosity evolution, i.e. in a logically rigorous way. We find that the luminosity of our galaxies evolves as an old and passively evolving population formed at high redshift without any need for additional redshift-dependent evolution. Models with a prolonged stellar mass growth are rejected by the data with high confidence. The data also reject models in which the age of the stars is the same at all redshifts. Similarly, the characteristic stellar mass evolves, in the last two thirds of the universe age, as expected for a stellar population formed at high redshift. Together with the old age of stellar populations derived from fundamental plane studies, our data seems to suggest that early-type cluster galaxies have been completely assembled at high redshift, and not only that their stars are old. The quality of the data allows us to derive the LF and mass evolution homogeneously over the whole redshift range, using a single estimator. The Schechter function describes the galaxy luminosity function well. The characteristic luminosity at $z=0.5$ is is found to be 16.30 mag, with an uncertainty of 10 per cent.
Chemoreceptors of Escherichia coli CFT073 Play Redundant Roles in Chemotaxis toward Urine

Community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) are commonly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). We hypothesize that chemotaxis toward ligands present in urine could direct UPEC into and up the urinary tract. Wild-type E. coli CFT073 and chemoreceptor mutants with tsr, tar, or aer deletions were tested for chemotaxis toward human urine in the capillary tube assay. Wild-type CFT073 was attracted toward urine, and Tsr and Tar were the chemoreceptors mainly responsible for mediating this response. The individual components of urine including L-amino acids, D-amino acids and various organic compounds were also tested in the capillary assay with wild-type CFT073. Our results indicate that CFT073 is attracted toward some L- amino acids and possibly toward some D-amino acids but not other common compounds found in urine such as urea, creatinine and glucuronic acid. In the murine model of UTI, the loss of any two chemoreceptors did not affect the ability of the bacteria to compete with the wild-type strain. Our data suggest that the presence of any strong attractant and its associated chemoreceptor might be sufficient for colonization of the urinary tract and that amino acids are the main chemoattractants for E. coli strain CFT073 in this niche.
A Gene Expression and Pre-mRNA Splicing Signature That Marks the Adenoma-Adenocarcinoma Progression in Colorectal Cancer

It is widely accepted that most colorectal cancers (CRCs) arise from colorectal adenomas (CRAs), but transcriptomic data characterizing the progression from colorectal normal mucosa to adenoma, and then to adenocarcinoma are scarce. These transition steps were investigated using microarrays, both at the level of gene expression and alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Many genes and exons were abnormally expressed in CRAs, even more than in CRCs, as compared to normal mucosae. Known biological pathways involved in CRC were altered in CRA, but several new enriched pathways were also recognized, such as the complement and coagulation cascades. We also identified four intersectional transcriptional signatures that could distinguish CRAs from normal mucosae or CRCs, including a signature of 40 genes differentially deregulated in both CRA and CRC samples. A majority of these genes had been described in different cancers, including FBLN1 or INHBA, but only a few in CRC. Several of these changes were also observed at the protein level. In addition, 20% of these genes (i.e. CFH, CRYAB, DPT, FBLN1, ITIH5, NR3C2, SLIT3 and TIMP1) showed altered pre-mRNA splicing in CRAs. As a global variation occurring since the CRA stage, and maintained in CRC, the expression and splicing changes of this 40-gene set may mark the risk of cancer occurrence from analysis of CRA biopsies.
The multi-armed bandit problem with covariates

We consider a multi-armed bandit problem in a setting where each arm produces a noisy reward realization which depends on an observable random covariate. As opposed to the traditional static multi-armed bandit problem, this setting allows for dynamically changing rewards that better describe applications where side information is available. We adopt a nonparametric model where the expected rewards are smooth functions of the covariate and where the hardness of the problem is captured by a margin parameter. To maximize the expected cumulative reward, we introduce a policy called Adaptively Binned Successive Elimination (abse) that adaptively decomposes the global problem into suitably “localized” static bandit problems. This policy constructs an adaptive partition using a variant of the Successive Elimination (se) policy. Our results include sharper regret bounds for the se policy in a static bandit problem and minimax optimal regret bounds for the abse policy in the dynamic problem.
Fair airport scheduling algorithms

We design a class of Fair Airport algorithms that combines Start-time Fair Queuing with a non-work conserving algorithm in Rate Controlled Service Discipline (RCSD) class. We derive fairness and deadline guarantees for FA servers and demonstrate that by appropriately choosing an algorithm from RCSD class, algorithms that either allocate only rate or achieve separation of rate and delay allocation and are fair over Fluctuation Constrained variable rate servers can be designed. This method leads to the design of the first fair algorithm that achieves separation of rate and delay allocation. We also show that the FA class contains algorithms with different implementation complexity and performance guarantees and thus enables tradeoffs between the two. Furthermore, since FA contains algorithms that are fair over variable rate servers, they can be employed for achieving hierarchical link sharing. Finally, we demonstrate that the FA algorithms can be generalized to achieve other objectives such as prioritized fair allocation of residual bandwidth.
I’m a Belieber: Social Roles via Self-identification and Conceptual Attributes

Motivated by work predicting coarsegrained author categories in social media, such as gender or political preference, we explore whether Twitter contains information to support the prediction of finegrained categories, or social roles. We find that the simple self-identification pattern “I am a ” supports significantly richer classification than previously explored, successfully retrieving a variety of fine-grained roles. For a given role (e.g., writer), we can further identify characteristic attributes using a simple possessive construction (e.g., writer’s ). Tweets that incorporate the attribute terms in first person possessives (my ) are confirmed to be an indicator that the author holds the associated social role.