Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonographic screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm in an urban community

As part of the Birmingham Community Aneurysm Screening Project, 3500 men aged 65–75 years from 20 urban general practices were invited for aortic ultrasonographic screening at their own general practitioner's surgery; 2669 (76.3 per cent) attended. Compliance rates varied between catchment areas, from 52.1 per cent for inner‐city areas to 89.6 per cent for suburbs. Successful aortic imaging was achieved in 97.3 per cent of scans. Aortic diameter > 29 mm occurred in 219 patients (8.4 per cent) and 79(3.0 per cent) with a diameter > 40 mm were referred for vascular surgical assessment; 140 patients with an aortic diameter of 29–40 mm are currently undergoing follow‐up by serial ultrasonographic examinations at intervals of 3 months at their doctor's surgery. Risk factor analysis revealed ischaemic heart disease in 21.9 per cent of men with aneurysm, compared with 11.6 per cent in those without (P < 0.001); 18.3 per cent of men with aneurysm had had a previous myocardial infarction and 13.2 per cent had peripheral vascular disease, compared with 7.4 per cent (P < 0.001) and 8.0 per cent (P < 0.01) respectively of those without. No association was found between aneurysm and hypertension or diabetes. Community‐based aortic screening is an inexpensive, effective method of diagnosis of aneurysm, with high compliance from the at‐risk cohort of an urban population. Such screening programmes may help to reduce the mortality rate from aortic aneurysm rupture.
A Method of Discovering Patterns to Predict Specified Events from Financial Time Series

This paper proposes a method to discover time series patterns predictive of the occurrence of specified events. The process of technique realization is mainly composed of four steps: specifying interest function and parameters; searching ODs, clustering ODs for candidate patterns and identifying patterns. A simulation study is conducted as verification. And an application study in the stock market is introduced to demonstrate its performance.
Energy propagation of long extratropical Rossby waves over slowly varying zonal topography

In classical WKB theory the only way wave energy density, as a surrogate for wave action density, can increase or decrease along a ray is as a result of the ray focusing or widening. This occurs when the group velocity is divergent. There are particular regions, however, where the wave can resonantly exchange action with another wave mode with approximately the same wavenumbers; a situation known as Landau–Zener transition, mode conversion, linear (adiabatic) resonance, etc. This effect invalidates locally the underlying assumption of WKB theory that no scattering of energy occurs between WKB wave modes. In this paper this effect is investigated theoretically for free long baroclinic Rossby waves in a two-layer planetary geostrophic model of the ocean with a purely zonal topography, here taken as a Gaussian ridge. The waves are excited along the east coast by an unspecified wavemaker at a fixed frequency ω. In the computation considered, mode conversion is found to occur principally near the ridge’s top and on the eastern flank. The predictions of mode conversion theory are tested against the results of direct numerical simulations. This shows excellent agreement, both for the locations of mode conversion points, and for the amplitude of the transmitted and converted WKB wave modes.
Amyloidogenesis of Type III-dependent Harpins from Plant Pathogenic Bacteria*

Harpins are heat-stable, glycine-rich type III-secreted proteins produced by plant pathogenic bacteria, which cause a hypersensitive response (HR) when infiltrated into the intercellular space of tobacco leaves; however, the biochemical mechanisms by which harpins cause plant cell death remain unclear. In this study, we determined the biochemical characteristics of HpaG, the first harpin identified from a Xanthomonas species, under plant apoplast-like conditions using electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy. We found that His6-HpaG formed biologically active spherical oligomers, protofibrils, and β-sheet-rich fibrils, whereas the null HR mutant His6-HpaG(L50P) did not. Biochemical analysis and HR assay of various forms of HpaG demonstrated that the transition from an α-helix to β-sheet-rich fibrils is important for the biological activity of protein. The fibrillar form of His6-HpaG is an amyloid protein based on positive staining with Congo red to produce green birefringence under polarized light, increased protease resistance, and β-sheet fibril structure. Other harpins, such as HrpN from Erwinia amylovora and HrpZ from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, also formed curvilinear protofibrils or fibrils under plant apoplast-like conditions, suggesting that amyloidogenesis is a common feature of harpins. Missense and deletion mutagenesis of HpaG indicated that the rate of HpaG fibril formation is modulated by a motif present in the C terminus. The plant cytotoxicity of HpaG is unique among the amyloid-forming proteins that occur in several microorganisms. Structural and morphological analogies between HpaG and disease-related amyloidogenic proteins, such as Aβ protein, suggest possible common biochemical characteristics in the induction of plant and animal cell death.
Metalinguistic awareness mediates effects of full biliteracy on third-language reading proficiency in Turkish–German bilinguals

Bilingualism has been reported to be positively associated with both metalinguistic awareness and third-language (L3) acquisition. In the present research, the assumptions were tested that literacy in both first (L1) and second (L2) language (full biliteracy) is needed for bilingualism to be positively associated with L3 reading proficiency, and that positive effects of full biliteracy on L3 reading proficiency are mediated through metalinguistic awareness. L1, L2 and L3 reading proficiency and metalinguistic awareness were measured in 299 German and Turkish-German secondary school students. Overall, fully biliterate students outperformed monolingual and partially biliterate students in both L3 (ΔR2 = .07) and metalinguistic awareness (ΔR2 = .06). An effect of full biliteracy on L3 reading proficiency persisted when SES, gender, general cognitive ability and school track were controlled for. In addition, within the group of biliterate students, positive effects of the individual degree of biliteracy on L3 reading proficiency could be shown to be an indirect effect that was mediated through metalinguistic awareness.
Reworking Bourdieu's `Capital': Feminine and Female Capitals in the Field of Paid Caring Work

Bourdieu overlooked the possibility of gendered capital. A number of feminists have taken issue with this and have claimed that uniquely feminine forms of capital exist.This article takes up this proposal and explores two forms of gendered capital — feminine capital and female capital. This article explores these forms of capital operating as cultural resources within the field of paid caring work. In the caring field `femininity' and `femaleness' appear to be resources women draw upon, but gendered currency operates within limits.This article examines women's perceptions of advantage arising from ownership of feminine dispositions or the experience of feminine selves; the gains that might be made from working with and for similar female others; and the parameters to female privilege. Building on feminist Bourdieusian scholarship, this article argues that Bourdieu's concept of capital is particularly useful for understanding contemporary gender practices and the relationship between gender and class.
Scaling GRPC Tensorflow on 512 nodes of Cori Supercomputer

We explore scaling of the standard distributed Tensorflow with GRPC primitives on up to 512 Intel Xeon Phi (KNL) nodes of Cori supercomputer with synchronous stochastic gradient descent (SGD), and identify causes of scaling inefficiency at higher node counts. To our knowledge, this is the first exploration of distributed GRPC Tensorflow scalability on a HPC supercomputer at such large scale with synchronous SGD. We studied scaling of two convolution neural networks - ResNet-50, a state-of-the-art deep network for classification with roughly 25.5 million parameters, and HEP-CNN, a shallow topology with less than 1 million parameters for common scientific usages. For ResNet-50, we achieve>80% scaling efficiency on up to 128 workers, using 32 parameter servers (PS tasks) with a steep decline down to 23% for 512 workers using 64 PS tasks. Our analysis of the efficiency drop points to low network bandwidth utilization due to combined effect of three factors. (a) Heterogeneous distributed parallelization algorithm which uses PS tasks as centralized servers for gradient averaging is suboptimal for utilizing interconnect bandwidth. (b) Load imbalance among PS tasks hinders their efficient scaling. (c) Underlying communication primitive GRPC is currently inefficient on Cori high-speed interconnect. The HEP-CNN demands less interconnect bandwidth, and shows>80% weak scaling efficiency for up to 256 nodes with only 1 PS task. Our findings are applicable to other deep learning networks. Big networks with millions of parameters stumble upon the issues discussed here. Shallower networks like HEP-CNN with relatively lower number of parameters can efficiently enjoy weak scaling even with a single parameter server.
Target cell-specific determinants of membrane fusion within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 third variable region and gp41 amino terminus

The entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into target cells involves binding to the viral receptor (CD4) and membrane fusion events, the latter influenced by target cell factors other than CD4. The third variable (V3) region of the HIV-1 gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein and the amino terminus of the HIV-1 gp41 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein have been shown to be important for the membrane fusion process. Here we demonstrate that some HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins containing an altered V3 region or gp41 amino terminus exhibit qualitatively different abilities to mediate syncytium formation and virus entry when different target cells are used. These results demonstrate that the structure of these HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein regions determines the efficiency of membrane fusion in a target cell-specific manner and support a model in which the gp41 amino terminus interacts directly or indirectly with the target cell during virus entry.
An Autophotography of the Young Adult Children of Bereaved Families in Korea

The present study, using autophotography, shows how Korean young adult children experienced the death of a parent and how they created a new life following parental death. The results suggest that the loss of a parent is a continuing process. The parental loss started in the period of struggle in which one parent was dying and the other family members were attempting to care for the dying parent. Then young adult children experienced the emotional moment of the parental death. After the official death announcement to social networks came the life of a single-parent family. The bereaved tried to adjust to new roles within the single-parent family while coping with challenges from the sociocultural context. They also established a new single parent-child relationship and constructed their continuing bond with the deceased parent.
Police Officer Burnout: A Partial Replication of Maslach's Burnout Inventory

This study examined police officer burnout and the relationship between emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment on the job. Special attention was given to personal characteristics such as sex, age, religion, marital status, educational level, length of time in a particular job assignment, length of time in law enforcement, and race. To gather data for the study, the Maslach Burnout Inventory was administered to 452 sworn police officers in four departments policing cities with populations ranging from 65,000 to 240,000. There was a strong correlation when emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were correlated individually with personal accomplishment. In addition, these variables in tandem were highly significant when regressed with personal accomplishment via the multiple regression statistical technique. High emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores meant low personal accomplishment scores. Relationships were also found with some demographic characteristics, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization.
Big-Five personality factors and interpersonal trust in established marriages

The present study investigated the effects of husbands' and wives' Big-Five personality characteristics on their own (i.e., actor effects) as well as on their partner's (i.e., partner effects) degree of trust in one another. Data were collected from 288 husband–wife couples with at least two adolescent children. Both self-reported and partner-reported personality characteristics were analyzed using two complementary approaches: hierarchical regression analyses and Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) analyses. Results were dependent on the type of personality rating used. Actor effects and partner effects were inflated when using self-reports and partner-reports, respectively. Controlling for shared rater variance, our findings suggest that trust should be conceived as a property of the dyad, rather than as an individual characteristic of the dyad members. Conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness emerged as the most important predictors of dyadic trust. Husbands' and wives' personality characteristics contributed equally strongly to dyadic trust.
Principals who sustain success: Making a difference in schools in challenging circumstances

For the last 15 years, schools in the UK have been experiencing an unprecedented number of government imposed reforms in the quest to raise standards and increase accountability. Such reforms have relied for their implementation on the compliance and co‐operation of principals and have generated a number of tensions and dilemmas Multiperspective research on successful principals in schools located in challenging socio‐economic contexts reveals that vision and distributed leadership, so often key features in writings about leadership qualities, were accompanied by strong core values and beliefs, an abiding sense of agency, identity, moral purpose, resilience, and trust.
Interpretivism and Generalisation

This article is concerned with the status of generalisation in interpretive sociology. The case made is that generalisation is inevitable, desirable and possible. It is held that interpretivism must employ a special kind of generalisation, characterised here as moderatum. However, an acknowledgement that such generalisations can be made must bring us to specify the limits of generalisation in interpretive research. These limits are the limits of interpretivism itself and the paper concludes that this implies the adoption of methodological pluralism in order to realise the full potential of the method.
Interpreting apartheid: Visitors' perceptions of the District Six Museum

This paper builds on and extends the conceptualization of "hot" interpretation (Ballantyne and Uzzell 1993) by presenting empirial data regarding visitors' perceptions of the District Six Museum in Cape Town, South Africa. The study examines visitors' reasons for visiting, expectations of the visit, responses to the visit, and suggestions for change, in relation to the differing needs of previous residents, local and international visitors. Results of the study are discussed in terms of the need to facilitate connections between interpretive content and visitors' previous experiences and knowledge. The paper considers issues of hot interpretation when a community museum increasingly attracts national and international visitors.
How do sex offenders think the police should interview to elicit confessions from sex offenders?

Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore sex offenders' perceptions of how the police should interview suspected sex offenders to facilitate confessions, and to investigate whether there is a relationship between sex offenders' perceptions of how the police interviewed them and their decisions to confess or deny. Forty-three convicted sex offenders were interviewed using two 35-item questionnaires that contained five questions on each of seven interviewing strategies. An additional 20 violent offenders were included for comparison purposes. The strategies were evidence presenting strategies, ethical interviewing, displays of humanity, displays of dominance, use of minimization and maximization techniques, and demonstrating an understanding of sex offenders' cognitive distortions. One questionnaire concerned how the police should interview sex offenders and the other concerned how they perceived the police who interviewed them. Generally speaking, evidence presenting strategies, ethical interviewing, and displays of humanity were perceived to increase the likelihood of a confession. Interviewer dominance was perceived to be associated with a reduction in the likelihood of a confession.
All-in Text: Learning Document, Label, and Word Representations Jointly

Conventional multi-label classification algorithms treat the target labels of the classification task as mere symbols that are void of an inherent semantics. However, in many cases textual descriptions of these labels are available or can be easily constructed from public document sources such as Wikipedia. In this paper, we investigate an approach for embedding documents and labels into a joint space while sharing word representations between documents and labels. For finding such embeddings, we rely on the text of documents as well as descriptions for the labels. The use of such label descriptions not only lets us expect an increased performance on conventional multi-label text classification tasks, but can also be used to make predictions for labels that have not been seen during the training phase. The potential of our method is demonstrated on the multi-label classification task of assigning keywords from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) to publications in biomedical research, both in a conventional and in a zero-shot learning setting.
A Decision Analysis Framework for Prioritizing a Portfolio of ICT Infrastructure Projects

The inadequacy of traditional quantitative cost-benefit analysis for evaluating information and communications technologies (ICT) infrastructure investments have led researchers to suggest real options (ROs) analysis for valuating ICT projects. However, ROs models are strictly quantitative and often, ICT investments may contain qualitative factors that cannot be quantified in monetary terms. In addition, ROs analysis results in some factors that can be treated more efficiently when taken qualitatively. This paper combines ROs and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) into a common decision analysis framework, providing an integrated multiobjective, multicriteria model called ROAHP for prioritizing a portfolio of interdependent ICT investments. The proposed model is applied to an ICT case study showing how it can be formulated and solved.
Characterizing typical and atypical user sessions in clickstreams

Millions of users retrieve information from the Internet using search engines. Mining these user sessions can provide valuable information about the quality of user experience and the perceived quality of search results. Often search engines rely on accurate estimates of Click Through Rate (CTR) to evaluate the quality of user experience. The vast heterogeneity in the user population and presence of automated software programs (bots) can result in high variance in the estimates of CTR. To improve the estimation accuracy of user experience metrics like CTR, we argue that it is important to identify typical and atypical user sessions in clickstreams. Our approach to identify these sessions is based on detecting outliers using Mahalanobis distance in the user session space. Our user session model incorporates several key clickstream characteristics including a novel conformance score obtained by Markov Chain analysis. Editorial results show that our approach of identifying typical and atypical sessions has a precision of about 89%. Filtering out these atypical sessions reduces the uncertainty (95% confidence interval) of the mean CTR by about 40%. These results demonstrate that our approach of identifying typical and atypical user sessions is extremely valuable for cleaning "noisy" user session data for increased accuracy in evaluating user experience.
The RR Lyrae Period-Amplitude Relation as a Clueto the Origin of the Oosterhoff Dichotomy

An examination of the period-V amplitude relation for RRab stars (fundamental mode pulsators) with "normal" light curves in the Oosterhoff type I clusters M3 and M107 and in the Oosterhoff type II clusters M9 and M68 reveals that the V amplitude for a given period is not a function of metal abundance. Rather, it is a function of the Oosterhoff type. This result is confirmed by published observations of RRab stars in M4, M5, and M92. A method devised by Jurcsik & Kovács has been used to determine whether the light curve of an RRab star is "normal" or "peculiar. " Although M3 is considered to belong to the Oosterhoff type I group, it has three bright RRab stars that seem to fit the period-amplitude relation for Oosterhoff type II RRab stars. There is evidence that these bright stars are in a more advanced evolutionary state than the other RRab stars in M3, thus leading to the conclusion that the Oosterhoff dichotomy is due to evolution. Our result gives support to the Lee, Demarque, & Zinn hypothesis that most RR Lyrae variables in Oosterhoff type I clusters are zero-age horizontal branch (ZAHB) objects, while those in the Oosterhoff type II clusters are more evolved. This may have important implications for the derived ages of Oosterhoff type II clusters. If their RR Lyrae variables have all evolved away from the ZAHB, then their ages have been overestimated in studies that assume they are ZAHB objects.
A mouse model to address unresolved antidepressant issues

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are among the most widely used drugs in psychiatry. SSRIs were initially developed as antidepressant drugs, but—in analogy with the widespread central functions of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) (1)—they are nowadays used in the treatment of a variety of psychiatric conditions, including autism spectrum disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, and eating disorders. Besides their wide application, their popularity is presumably related to their limited side effects and relative safety in adults. However, there are also drawbacks related to SSRI use. Patients experience clinical effects only after several weeks of treatment (2), there are substantial individual differences in the response to SSRIs (3), and early life exposure to SSRIs may lead to hazardous developmental outcomes (4). Despite extensive research, underlying mechanisms have not yet been clarified, which hampers the design of faster, more effective, and safer antidepressant drugs. In PNAS, a new mouse model is presented (5) that offers the possibility to come closer to a resolution of these major questions in the field. The unique knockin mouse bears a mutation in the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene that eliminates high-affinity recognition of a variety of SSRIs, as well as cocaine.