Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparing for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and Natural Disaster: Developing New Dimension Standards for Sheltering Moveable Objects

This paper forms an outline of the author’s research project “Die Entwicklung eines Dimensionsstandards fur einen Kulturguterschutzraum im Krankenhauswesen” (“The development of a dimension standard for a shelter room of cultural property for hospitals”) at the Division of Health Sciences, programme for Information Technology and Engineering, at The Health and Life Sciences University Hall/Tyrol, Austria. For this version all aspects concerning hospital-specific issues have been removed. It is stated that precautions for the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict and natural disaster are a moral and (in most countries also) a legal obligation for every stakeholder of such property. Nevertheless, shelter rooms for movable cultural property in case of emergency are rare installations in general, mostly because of financial considerations. It is argued that by finding an optimal dimension standard for shelter rooms, the costs for such installations can be minimized. Suggestions for finding solutions are hereby proposed. تشكل هذه المقالة الخطوط العريضة لمشروع بحث مقدم بعنوان (“وضع معايير بأبعاد جديدة لغرفة حماية الممتلكات الثقافية بالمستشفيات”) في شعبة العلوم الصحية ، وبرنامج تكنولوجيا المعلومات والهندسة ، في قاعة علوم الصحة والحياة, تيرول / ، النمسا النمسا. في هذا الإصدار, جميع الجوانب المتعلقة بقضايا المستشفيات الخاصة قد أزيلت, . ويذكر أن الاحتياطات المطلوبة لحماية الممتلكات الثقافية في حالة النزاع المسلح والكوارث الطبيعية هي احتياطات أخلاقية ، و(في معظم البلدان أيضا) التزام قانوني على كل أصحاب المصلحة لهذه الممتلكات. ومع ذلك ، فان غرف حماية الممتلكات الثقافية بالمنشآت في حالة الطوارئ نادرة بشكل عام ، وهذا بسبب الاعتبارات المالية غالبا. ويقال إن من خلال ايجاد الأبعاد والمعاييرالأمثل لغرف الحماية يمكن ان يقلل من تكاليف هذه المنشآت. وهناك اقتراحات لتقديم الحلول بما يتعلق بهذا المقترح.
Simultaneous Estimation of Spectral Reflectance and Normal from a Small Number of Images

Spectral reflectance is inherent characteristics of an object surface and therefore useful not only for computer vision tasks such as material classification but also compute graphics applications such as relighting. In this study, by integrating multispectral imaging and photometric stereo, we propose a method for simultaneously estimating the spectral reflectance and normal per pixel from a small number of images taken under multispectral and multidirectional light sources. In addition, taking attached shadows observed on curved surfaces into consideration, we derive the minimum number of images required for the simultaneous estimation and propose a method for selecting the optimal set of light sources. Through a number of experiments using real images, we show that our proposed method can estimate spectral reflectances without the ambiguity of per-pixel scales due to unknown normals, and that, when the optimal set of light sources is used, our method performs as well as the straightforward method using a large number of images. Moreover, we demonstrated that estimating both the spectral reflectances and normals is useful for relighting under novel illumination conditions.
Second-Order Stochastic Optimization for Machine Learning in Linear Time

First-order stochastic methods are the state-of-the-art in large-scale machine learning optimization owing to efficient per-iteration complexity. Second-order methods, while able to provide faster convergence, have been much less explored due to the high cost of computing the second-order information. In this paper we develop second-order stochastic methods for optimization problems in machine learning that match the per-iteration cost of gradient based methods, and in certain settings improve upon the overall running time over popular first-order methods. Furthermore, our algorithm has the desirable property of being implementable in time linear in the sparsity of the input data.
Memantine as an Augmentation Therapy for Anxiety Disorders

Objective. Glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), may play a role in the development of anxiety. Memantine partially blocks N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors' glutamate channels located in the CNS. This paper evaluates memantine as an augmentation therapy for treatment of anxiety. Methods. 15 consecutive partially responding anxious patients were treated with adjunctive memantine for 10 weeks. Memantine was dosed 5–20 mg/day. Result. Memantine augmentation resulted in clinically relevant reduction in anxiety symptoms when compared to baseline. Forty percent of patients achieved remission (HAM-A ≥ 7). Memantine improved sleep quality. Mean dose was 14 mg/d (range 5–20 mg/d). Typical adverse events included nausea and headache. Conclusion. The NMDA receptor antagonist memantine may be an effective augmentation therapy in patients with treatment-resistant anxiety.
Comparison of Endovascular Treatments of Ruptured Dissecting Aneurysms of the Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery and Vertebral Artery with a Review of the Literature

Objective Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by rupture of an internal carotid artery (ICA) or vertebral artery (VA) dissecting aneuryesm is rare. Various treatment strategies have been used for ruptured intracranial dissections. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and angiographic characteristics and outcomes of endovascular treatment for ruptured dissecting aneurysms of the intracranial ICA and VA. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed a series of patients with SAH caused by ruptured intracranial ICA and VA dissecting aneurysms from March 2009 to April 2014. The relevant demographic and angiographic data were collected, categorized and analyzed with respect to the outcome. Results Fifteen patients were identified (6 ICAs and 9 VAs). The percentage of patients showing unfavorable initial clinical condition and a history of hypertension was higher in the VA group. The initial aneurysm detection rate and the percentage of fusiform aneurysms were higher in the VA group. In the ICA group, all patients were treated with double stent-assisted coiling, and showed favorable outcomes. In the VA group, 2 patients were treated with double stent-assisted coiling and 7 with endovascular trapping. Two patients died and 1 patient developed severe disability. Conclusion Clinically, grave initial clinical condition and hypertension were more frequent in the VA group. Angiographically, bleb-like aneurysms were more frequent in the ICA group and fusiform aneurysms were more frequent in the VA group. Endovascular treatment of these aneurysms is feasible and the result is acceptable in most instances.
Lines of development in social research on disability in Finland between the years 1970–2010

Abstract This article reviews the development of social research on disability conducted in Finland during the 40-year period from 1970 until 2010. The main focus is the connection of the research with the socioeconomic development of the country. The review starts from the emergence of a new disability service paradigm during the late 1960s. This new paradigm centred around the concept of rehabilitation, and had its roots in the birth of a postmodern welfare state during the same decade. The second shift began during the 1980s and was characterized by the precedence of human rights issues. Both of these changes paralleled international developments, but equally had their roots in the Finnish post-war society. Along with these changes the predominant metaphor of a disabled person shifted from a criminal to a sick person, and finally, to a citizen, manifesting three successive service paradigms. Based on extensive screening on the available databases, the article reviews typical studies from different time.
A Controlled Trial of Methionyl Growth Hormone Therapy in Prepubertal Children with Short Stature, Subnormal Growth Rate and Normal Growth Hormone Response to Secretagogues

ABSTRACT. Thirty short and slowly growing children with normal plasma growth hormone (GH) responses to standard provocation tests were randomly assigned to either a group (n= 20) undergoing treatment with methionyl GH (somatrem), 2IU per m2 body surface s.c. daily, or a control group (n= 10). Twelve out of 18 children who completed the first year of treatment showed a height velocity increment of more than 2 cm/year. The mean (SD) growth velocity of the treatment group increased by 3.0 (1.9) cm/year over the first year, compared with ‐0.2 (0.7) cm/year in the control group. Neither parameters of endogenous GH secretion nor plasma IGF‐I levels showed a significant correlation with the growth response. Of the auxological variables studied, pre‐treatment growth velocity (r= 0.8) and the short‐term height velocity increment (r= 0.7–0.9) showed significant correlations with the growth response in the first year of treatment. Somatrem therapy was without side effects, except in one child who developed anti‐GH antibodies in combination with a poor growth response.
Enduring Happiness: Integrating the Hedonic and Eudaimonic Approaches

In explaining individual happiness, economists have largely emphasized the hedonic, utilitarian, material, and tangible aspects of a person's life. Another important explanation which owes much to Aristotle's thought emphasizes the eudaimonic, the realization of a person's inherent qualities, one's true potential. An interesting and pertinent development is very recent research which draws on both psychology and Buddhist thought in order to understand individual happiness.
Positive and negative caregiver experiences in first-episode psychosis: emotional overinvolvement, wellbeing and metacognition.

OBJECTIVES While caregivers of persons with first-episode psychosis often report a range of negative experiences, little is known about what psychological factors are involved. The aim of this study was to examine how caregivers' general wellbeing, emotional overinvolvement and metacognition influenced their reports of both positive and negative caregiving experiences. DESIGN A prospective consecutive cross-sectional study. METHODS Forty caregivers of patients with first-episode psychosis were interviewed using semi-structured interview and questionnaires. RESULTS Greater levels of distress and overinvolvement were associated with more negative experiences of caregiving while greater metacognitive capacity was associated with more positive experiences of caregiving. CONCLUSIONS The experience of positive and negative aspects of caregiving seems to be associated with different variables. Greater metacognitive capacity does not necessarily alleviate the suffering and distress, which is a healthy and normal reaction to having a close one suffering from psychosis. But it might help broaden the perspective, allowing for both negative and positive experiences. Clinical implications in terms of expanding the range of therapeutic interventions are discussed. PRACTITIONER POINTS Assessing the capacity for metacognition in a non-clinical population. Understanding what factors are involved in positive and negative caregiver experiences in first-episode psychosis. A broadening of family interventions by encompassing the concept of metacognition.
The parasitic chytrid, Zygorhizidium, facilitates the growth of the cladoceran zooplankter, Daphnia, in cultures of the inedible alga, Asterionella

In food-web studies, parasites are often ignored owing to their insignificant biomass. We provide evidence that parasites may affect trophic transfer in aquatic food webs. Many phytoplankton species are susceptible to parasitic fungi (chytrids). Chytrid infections of diatoms in lakes may reach epidemic proportions during diatom spring blooms, so that numerous free-swimming fungal zoospores (2–3 μm in diameter) are produced. Analysis shows that these zoospores are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and sterols (particularly cholesterol), which indicates that they provide excellent food for zooplankters such as Daphnia. In life-table experiments using the large diatom Asterionella formosa as food, Daphnia growth increased significantly in treatments where a parasite was present. By grazing on the zoospores, Daphnia acquired important supplementary nutrients and were able to grow. When large inedible algae are infected by parasites, nutrients within the algal cells are consumed by these chytrids, some of which, in turn, are grazed by Daphnia. Thus, chytrids transfer energy and nutrients from their hosts to zooplankton. This study suggests that parasitic fungi alter trophic relationships in freshwater ecosystems and may be the important components in shaping the community and the food-web dynamics of lakes.
Effect of lipopolysaccharide mutations on recipient ability of Salmonella typhimurium for incompatibility group H plasmids

Previous investigations of the incompatibility group F, P, and I plasmid systems revealed the important role of the outer membrane components in the conjugal transfer of these plasmids. We have observed variability in transfer frequency of three incompatibility group H plasmids (IncHI1 plasmid R27, IncHI2 plasmid R478, and a Tn7 derivative of R27, pDT2454) upon transfer into various Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutants derived from a common parental strain, SL1027. Recipients with truncated outer core via the rfaF LPS mutation increased the transfer frequency of the IncH plasmids by up to a factor of 10(3). Mutations which resulted in the truncation of the residues following 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, such as the rfaE and rfaD mutations, decreased the transfer frequency to undetectable levels. Addition of phosphorylethanolamine, a component of wild-type LPS, to the media decreased the frequency of transfer of R27 into wild-type and rfaF LPS mutant recipients tested. Reversing the direction of transfer, by mating LPS mutant donors with wild-type recipients, did not affect the frequency of transfer compared to the standard matings of wild-type donor with LPS mutant recipient. These findings demonstrate that conjugation interactions affected by LPS mutation are not specific for the recipient cell. Our results suggest that LPS mutation does not affect conjugation via altered pilus binding but affects some later steps in the conjugative process, and alteration of transfer frequency by O-phosphorylethanolamine and LPS truncation is due to charge-related interactions between the donor and recipient cell.
The development of argumentive discourse skill

The skills involved in argument as a social discourse activity presumably develop during the childhood and adolescent years, but little is known about the course of that development. As an initial step in examining this development, a coding system was developed for the purpose of analyzing multiple dialogues between peers on the topic of capital punishment. A comparison of the dialogues of young adolescents and those of young adults showed the teens to be more preoccupied with producing the dialogue and less able to behave strategically with respect to the goals of argumentive discourse. Teens also did not exhibit the strategic skill that adults did of adapting discourse to the requirements of particular argumentive contexts (agreeing vs. disagreeing dialogues).
Using Coding-Based Ensemble Learning to Improve Software Defect Prediction

Using classification methods to predict software defect proneness with static code attributes has attracted a great deal of attention. The class-imbalance characteristic of software defect data makes the prediction much difficult; thus, a number of methods have been employed to address this problem. However, these conventional methods, such as sampling, cost-sensitive learning, Bagging, and Boosting, could suffer from the loss of important information, unexpected mistakes, and overfitting because they alter the original data distribution. This paper presents a novel method that first converts the imbalanced binary-class data into balanced multiclass data and then builds a defect predictor on the multiclass data with a specific coding scheme. A thorough experiment with four different types of classification algorithms, three data coding schemes, and six conventional imbalance data-handling methods was conducted over the 14 NASA datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed method with a one-against-one coding scheme is averagely superior to the conventional methods.
In vivo neuroprotective adaptation of the glutamate/glutamine cycle to neuronal death

Synaptic increase of glutamate level, when not coupled to a heightened energy production, renders neurons susceptible to death. Astrocyte uptake and recycling of synaptic glutamate as glutamine is a major metabolic pathway dependent on energy metabolism, which interrelationships are not fully understood and remain controversial. We examine how the glutamate‐glutamine cycle and glucose metabolism are modified in two in vivo models of severe and mild brain injury. Graded reductions of glutaminase, the glutamate synthetic enzyme, were evidenced combined with increases in glutamine synthetase, the inactivating glutamate enzyme. Increased lactate dhydrogenase (LDH) activity was only present after a more severe injury. These results indicate an in vivo adaptation of the glutamate‐glutamine cycle in order to increase the net glutamine output, reduce glutamate excitotoxicity, and avoid neuronal death. We conclude that the graded modification of the glutamate‐glutamine correlation and neuronal lactate availability may be key factors in the apoptotic and necrotic neuronal demise, whose control may prove highly useful to potentiate neuronal survival. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Academics' Motivation and Self-Efficacy for Teaching and Research.

ABSTRACT The study focused on academic staff in a post‐1987 university, that is, a former college of advanced education which had been awarded university status as a result of the Australian Government's decision to have a Unified National System of universities. The focus of attention was motivation and self‐efficacy for teaching and research. The effect of faculty of affiliation, level of appointment, gender, qualifications, and research productivity on staff's self‐reported attributions for teaching and research were examined. Tutors, staff with bachelor degrees, academics with low research productivity, and women had higher teaching motivation. One faculty was lower in both research motivation and self‐efficacy, and associate professors and professors had high levels of research efficacy. Men and women had the same level of research motivation and self‐efficacy. Staff with higher degrees and greater research productivity were more motivated and self‐efficacious about research. The results suggest the .
Age-Oriented Garbage Collection

n this paper, we investigate how to best use generations with on-the-fly collectors. On-the-fly collectors run concurrently with the program threads and induce very short program pauses. Thus, the motivation for incorporating generations is focused at improving the throughput; pauses do not matter, since they are already very short. We propose a new collection approach, denoted age-oriented collection, for exploiting the generational (weak) hypothesis to obtain better efficienc y. We then instantiate this approach with reference counting, and obtain a highly efficient and non- obtrusive on-the-fly collector. Finally, an implementation is provided demonstrating how the age-oriented collector outperforms both the non-generational and the generational collectors’ efficiency.
Rapid evolution of sexual signals in sympatric Calopteryx damselflies: reinforcement or ‘noisy‐neighbour’ ecological character displacement?

Enhanced prezygotic isolation in sympatry is one of the most intriguing patterns in evolutionary biology and has frequently been interpreted as evidence for reinforcement. However, the frequency with which reinforcement actually completes speciation remains unclear. The Jewelwing damselflies (Calopteryx aequabilis and C. maculata) have served as one of the few classic examples of speciation via reinforcement outside of Drosophila. Although evidence for wing pattern displacement and increased mate discrimination in this system have been demonstrated, the degree of hybridization and gene flow in nature are unknown. Here, we show that sympatric populations of these two species are the result of recent secondary contact, as predicted under a model of speciation via reinforcement. However, we found no phenotypic evidence of hybridization in natural populations and a complete association between species‐specific haplotypes at two different loci (mitochondrial CO I and nuclear EF1‐α), suggesting little or no contemporary gene flow. Moreover, genealogical and coalescent‐based estimates of divergence times and migration rates indicate that, speciation occurred in the distant past. The rapid evolution of wing colour in sympatry is recent, therefore, relative to speciation and seems to be better explained by selection against wasting mating effort and/or interspecific aggression resulting from a ‘noisy neighbour’ signalling environment.
Public archaeology, knowledge meetings and heritage ethics in southern Africa: an approach from Mozambique

Abstract What do researchers and heritage practitioners do when their concepts of place do not coincide with those held by local communities? Discussing a case study from Mozambique against its wider southern African backdrop, this article argues that professionals cannot overlook the fact that many rural communities in this part of Africa do their version of ‘archaeology’ by reconstructing the past via their ancestors. The primary focus is to establish a ground for epistemic levelling between ‘scientific’ and ‘other’ knowledges and an ensuing heritage ethics from which to articulate a set of key tenets for future engagements with local communities and public archaeology. In order to develop an approach that is inclusive and within the scope of ‘a truly engaged archaeology’, we explore the potential of encounters between different epistemologies, between those of professional practitioners and those of the public they engage with.
The Primary Structure of a Basic Leucine-rich Repeat Protein, PRELP, Found in Connective Tissues (*)

We have determined the primary structure of a connective tissue matrix protein from the nucleotide sequence of a clone isolated from a human articular chondrocyte cDNA library. The major part of the amino acid sequence has also been determined by direct protein sequencing. The translated primary sequence corresponds to 382 amino acid residues, including a 20-residue signal peptide. The molecular mass of the mature protein is 41,646 Da. The main part of the protein consists of 10 leucine-rich repeats ranging in length from 20 to 26 residues, with asparagine at position 10 (B-type). The N-terminal part is unusual in that it is basic and rich in arginine and proline. There are four potential N-linked glycosylation sites present. In three of these sites, post-translational modifications are likely to be present since Asn was not found by direct protein sequencing. The amino- and carboxyl-terminal parts contain four and two cysteine residues, respectively, probably forming disulfide bonds by analogy with the other members of this family. The protein shows highest identity (36%) to fibromodulin and 33% to bovine lumican, two other leucine-rich repeat connective tissue proteins. Northern blot analysis showed the presence of an 3.8-kilobase mRNA in different types of bovine cartilage and cultured osteoblasts, whereas RNAs isolated from bovine kidney, skin, spleen, thymus, and trabecular bone and rat calvaria were negative. Human articular chondrocyte and rat chondrosarcoma cell RNAs contained an additional mRNA of 1.6 and 1.8 kilobases, respectively.