Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cosmological Simulations with Scale-Free Initial Conditions. I. Adiabatic Hydrodynamics

We analyze hierarchical structure formation based on scale-free initial conditions in an Einstein-de Sitter universe, including a baryonic component with Ωbary = 0.05. We present three independent, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations, performed at two resolutions (323 and 643 dark matter and baryonic particles) and with two different SPH codes (TreeSPH and P3MSPH). Each simulation is based on identical initial conditions, which consist of Gaussian-distributed initial density fluctuations that have a power spectrum P(k) ∝ k-1. The baryonic material is modeled as an ideal gas subject only to shock heating and adiabatic heating and cooling; radiative cooling and photoionization heating are not included. The evolution is expected to be self-similar in time, and under certain restrictions we identify the expected scalings for many properties of the distribution of collapsed objects in all three realizations. The distributions of dark matter masses, baryon masses, and mass- and emission-weighted temperatures scale quite reliably. However, the density estimates in the central regions of these structures are determined by the degree of numerical resolution. As a result, mean gas densities and Bremsstrahlung luminosities obey the expected scalings only when calculated within a limited dynamic range in density contrast. The temperatures and luminosities of the groups show tight correlations with the baryon masses, which we find can be well represented by power laws. The Press-Schechter (PS) approximation predicts the distribution of group dark matter and baryon masses fairly well, though it tends to overestimate the baryon masses. Combining the PS mass distribution with the measured relations for T(M) and L(M) predicts the temperature and luminosity distributions fairly accurately, though there are some discrepancies at high temperatures/luminosities. In general the three simulations agree well for the properties of resolved groups, where a group is considered resolved if it contains more than 32 particles.
Manufacturability of low power CMOS technology solutions

This paper discusses manufacturability of state-of-the-art low power technologies. We report the results on two generations of bulk CMOS technologies, triple-well CMOS and Thin Film Silicon on Insulator (TFSOI) technologies. We present technology capabilities for several values of supply voltage and address the issue of performance scaling with the supply voltage reduction. Then we focus on the statistical characterization of these technologies and discuss both interchip and intrachip variations. Finally, we present the digital and analog designer perspectives on the low power IC operation.
RANDOM WALK OR MEAN REVERSION: THE DANISH STOCK MARKET SINCE WORLD WAR I

: This paper contributes to the growing literature on mean reversion in stock markets by examining a newly constructed Danish data set for the period 1922-95. Variance ratio tests clearly reject the random walk hypothesis at the 2-year horizon, that is, the riskiness of a 2-year investment is significantly less than twice the risk of a 1-year investment. Variance ratio tests for 3- and 4-year horizons are not significant under conventional significance levels, whereas autocorrelation tests of the joint hypothesis that there is departure from random walk at all horizons tend to reject the random walk hypothesis and support the mean reversion hypothesis.
Modulation of P2 auditory-evoked responses by the spectral complexity of musical sounds

We investigated whether N1 and P2 auditory-evoked responses are modulated by the spectral complexity of musical sounds in pianists and non-musicians. Study participants were presented with three variants of a C4 piano tone equated for temporal envelope but differing in the number of harmonics contained in the stimulus. A fourth tone was a pure tone matched to the fundamental frequency of the piano tones. A simultaneous electroencephalographic/magnetoencephalographic recording was made. P2 amplitude was larger in musicians and increased with spectral complexity preferentially in this group, but N1 did not. The results suggest that P2 reflects the specific features of acoustic stimuli experienced during musical practice and point to functional differences in P2 and N1 that relate to their underlying mechanisms.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery With or Without Embolization for Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

BACKGROUND:Treatment options for dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) have expanded with the application of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). OBJECTIVE:To assess the role of SRS with or without embolization, we reviewed our entire DAVF experience. METHODS:Between 1991 and 2006, 40 patients with 44 DAVFs underwent Gamma knife SRS. Twenty-eight patients had upfront SRS before or after embolization and 12 patients underwent delayed SRS for recurrent or residual DAVFs after initial embolization. The median patient age was 60 years (range, 29-90). DAVFs were diagnosed in 7 patients after they sustained an intracranial hemorrhage. The median SRS target volume was 2.0 mL (range, 0.2-8.2 mL) and the median marginal dose was 21.0 Gy (range, 15-25 Gy). RESULTS:At a median follow-up of 45 months (range, 23-116 mo), a total of 28 patients (harboring 32 DAVFs) had obliteration confirmed by imaging. We found a 83% obliteration rate in patients who had upfront SRS with embolization and a 67% obliteration rate in patients who only had SRS. One patient died of an intracerebral hemorrhage 2 months after SRS. Cavernous carotid fistulas were associated with higher rates of occlusion (P = .012) and symptom improvement (P = .010) than were transverse-sigmoid sinus-related fistulas. CONCLUSION:When upfront SRS is possible in conjunction with embolization, successful DAVF obliteration is possible in most patients, especially those with carotid cavernous fistulas. SRS should target the entire fistula regardless of whether it precedes or follows embolization. In selected patients with a small-volume, low-risk DAVF, SRS alone is an effective treatment option in most patients.
Visual ego motion estimation in urban environments based on U-V disparity

The movement of the vehicle provides useful information for different applications, such as driver assistant systems or autonomous vehicles. This information can be known by means of a GPS, but there are some areas in urban environments where the signal is not available, as tunnels or streets with high buildings. A new method for 2D visual ego motion estimation in urban environments is presented in this paper. This method is based on a stereo-vision system where the feature road points are tracked frame to frame in order to estimate the movement of the vehicle, avoiding outliers from dynamic obstacles. The road profile is used to obtain the world coordinates of the feature points as a unique function of its left image coordinates. For these reasons it is only necessary to search feature points in the lower third of the left images. Moreover, the Kalman filter is used as a solution for filtering problem. That is, in some cases, it is necessary to filter raw data due to noise acquisition of time series. The results of the visual ego motion are compared with raw data from a GPS.
Using ICD-9-CM Codes in Hospital Claims Data to Detect Adverse Events in Patient Safety Surveillance

Background: Adverse events (AEs) are significant and common sources of harm to inpatients. International Classification of Diseases, 9 Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes, assigned to virtually all inpatient discharges, could provide a readily available surveillance system capable of detecting a variety of AEs. Objectives: To determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of selected ICD-9-CM codes (flagged codes) in identifying inpatient AEs and AEs causing admission to the hospital. Methods: Samples were drawn from two distinct patient groups in calendar years 2001 and 2003: 7,070 inpatients from all acute care hospitals in Utah and 6,895 surgical inpatients from selected hospitals in Missouri. Structured chart review and abstraction identified all AEs and whether a flagged ICD-9-CM code represented an AE. AE codes were grouped into six categories to facilitate analysis: adverse drug events, surgical adverse events, misadventures, infections, device events, and other adverse events. Results: Among all inpatients, 4,416 of 11,619 flagged codes represented AEs (38 percent); 1,789 of the flagged codes were inpatient AEs (15 percent). Flagged code PPVs were higher for surgical inpatients, with 11,990 of 16,816 flagged codes representing AEs (74 percent), and 7,507 codes (46 percent) indicating inpatient AEs. There was wide variability among AE PPV categories, both for all inpatients (15 77 percent) and surgical inpatients (62 92 percent). Conclusions: Flagged AE codes were consistently more likely to indicate AEs in surgical inpatients than in all inpatient types. Given this, and the striking performance differences within and among AE code categories, ICD-9-CM codes are best suited to targeted AE surveillance.
On memoryless quantization in speech coding

In memoryless quantization, neither the encoder nor the decoder has memory, and quantization noise shaping is not used. We show that, by constraining the parameter dynamics during quantization at the encoder, the performance of speech coders can be enhanced significantly without adding to the delay. The proposed method retains the advantages of memoryless quantization, including channel-error robustness.
Bank Capital Requirements for Market Risk: The Internal Models Approach

The increases prominence of trading activities at many large banking companies has highlighted bank exposure to market risk-the risk of loss from adverse movements in financial market rates and prices. In response, bank supervisors in the United States and abroad have developed a new set of capital requirements to ensure that banks have adequate capital resources to address market risk. This paper offers an overview of the new requirements, giving particular attention to their most innovative feature: a capital charge calculated for each bank using the output of that bank's internal risk measurement model. The authors contend that the use of internal models should lead to regulatory capital charges that conform more closely to banks' true risk exposures. In addition, the information generated by the models should allow supervisors and market participants to compare risk exposures over time and across institutions.
Antenatal Weight Management: Women's Experiences, Behaviours, and Expectations of Weighing in Early Pregnancy

The current emphasis on obstetric risk management helps to frame gestational weight gain as problematic and encourages intervention by healthcare professionals. However pregnant women have reported confusion, distrust, and negative effects associated with antenatal weight management interactions. The MAGIC study (MAnaging weiGht In pregnanCy) sought to examine women's self-reported experiences of usual-care antenatal weight management in early pregnancy and consider these alongside weight monitoring behaviours and future expectations. 193 women (18 yrs+) were recruited from routine antenatal clinics at the Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust. Self-reported gestation was 10–27 weeks, with 41.5% (n = 80) between 12 and 14 and 43.0% (n = 83) between 20 and 22 weeks. At recruitment 50.3% of participants (n = 97) could be classified as overweight or obese. 69.4% of highest weight women (≥30 kg/m2) did not report receiving advice about weight, although they were significantly more likely compared to women with BMI < 30 kg/m2. The majority of women (regardless of BMI) did not express any barriers to being weighed and 40.8% reported weighing themselves at home. Women across the BMI categories expressed a desire for more engagement from healthcare professionals on the issue of bodyweight. Women are clearly not being served appropriately in the current situation which simultaneously problematizes and fails to offer constructive dialogue.
Social Skills Assessments for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Several interventions have been developed to address social functioning impairments among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This review evaluated the variety of interventions and outcomes from 59 studies published between 1990 and 2010. Over 80 discrete outcomes were used across the 59 studies, and varied from informal self-report measures to standardized test scores. The types of interventions used were similarly diverse, with the majority (74.6%) using a combination of multiple interventions. Although there is not a standard assessment or intervention that can be recommended to improve social skills, key domains have been identified, which can inform the development of appropriate assessments and interventions to improve the social behaviors of children with ASD. Autism Open Access A uti sm : Open Acess
SPolly : Speculative Optimizations in the Polyhedral Model

The polyhedral model is only applicable to code regions that form static control parts (SCoPs) or slight extensions thereof. To apply polyhedral techniques to a piece of code, the compiler usually checks, by static analysis, whether all SCoP conditions are fulfilled. However, in many codes, the compiler fails to verify that this is the case. In this paper we investigate the rejection causes as reported by Polly, the polyhedral optimizer of a state-of-the-art compiler. We show that many rejections follow from the conservative overapproximation of the employed static analyses. In SPolly, a speculative extension of Polly, we employ the knowledge of runtime features to supersede this overapproximation. All speculatively generated variants form valid SCoPs and are optimizable by the facilities of Polly. Our evaluation shows that SPolly is able to effectively widen the applicability of polyhedral optimization. On the SPEC 2000 suite, the number of optimizable code regions is increased by 131 percent. In 10 out of the 31 benchmarks of the PolyBench suite, SPolly achieves speedups of up to 11-fold as compared to plain Polly.
Normal Laboratory Reference Intervals among Healthy Adults Screened for a HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Clinical Trial in Botswana

Introduction Accurate clinical laboratory reference values derived from a local or regional population base are required to correctly interpret laboratory results. In Botswana, most reference intervals used to date are not standardized across clinical laboratories and are based on values derived from populations in the United States or Western Europe. Methods We measured 14 hematologic and biochemical parameters of healthy young adults screened for participation in the Botswana HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Study using tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) (TDF2 Study). Reference intervals were calculated using standard methods, stratified by gender, and compared with the site-derived reference values used for the TDF2 study (BOTUSA ranges), the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Grading Table for Adverse Events, the Botswana public health laboratories, and other regional references. Results Out of 2533 screened participants, 1786 met eligibility criteria for participation in study and were included in the analysis. Our reference values were comparable to those of the Botswana public health system except for amylase, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), phosphate, total and direct bilirubin. Compared to our reference values, BOTUSA reference ranges would have classified participants as out of range for some analytes, with amylase (50.8%) and creatinine (32.0%) producing the highest out of range values. Applying the DAIDS toxicity grading system to the values would have resulted in 45 and 18 participants as having severe or life threatening values for amylase and hemoglobin, respectively. Conclusion Our reference values illustrate the differences in hematological and biochemical analyte ranges between African and Western populations. Thus, the use of western-derived reference laboratory values to screen a group of Batswana adults resulted in many healthy people being classified as having out-of-range blood analytes. The need to establish accurate local or regional reference values is apparent and we hope our results can be used to that end in Botswana.
TotalLinking : An Integrated Entity Recognition and Linking Algorithm driven by a Knowledge Base

This paper introduces the TotalLinking algorithm. Driven by the given Knowledge Base as Wikipedia, TotalLinking searches for entity mentions with the longest name, employs Co-reference Resolution techniques to identify referenced entities and applies Disambiguation techniques to select the most appropriate entity for a mention. Tested on four benchmark data sets, TotalLinking achieved the averaged f-measure as 91% that is better than the performance of state-of-arts Entity Linking methods. Especially, with a benchmark data set having annotations on common-noun entities, the performance of TotalLinking is significantly higher than that of existing methods. From a text document, TotalLinking extracts a large number of named and common-noun entities. On benchmark data sets, the number of entities extracted from TotalLinking is 6 times higher than the number of annotations.
Latent semantic sparse hashing for cross-modal similarity search

Similarity search methods based on hashing for effective and efficient cross-modal retrieval on large-scale multimedia databases with massive text and images have attracted considerable attention. The core problem of cross-modal hashing is how to effectively construct correlation between multi-modal representations which are heterogeneous intrinsically in the process of hash function learning. Analogous to Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), most existing cross-modal hash methods embed the heterogeneous data into a joint abstraction space by linear projections. However, these methods fail to bridge the semantic gap more effectively, and capture high-level latent semantic information which has been proved that it can lead to better performance for image retrieval. To address these challenges, in this paper, we propose a novel Latent Semantic Sparse Hashing (LSSH) to perform cross-modal similarity search by employing Sparse Coding and Matrix Factorization. In particular, LSSH uses Sparse Coding to capture the salient structures of images, and Matrix Factorization to learn the latent concepts from text. Then the learned latent semantic features are mapped to a joint abstraction space. Moreover, an iterative strategy is applied to derive optimal solutions efficiently, and it helps LSSH to explore the correlation between multi-modal representations efficiently and automatically. Finally, the unified hashcodes are generated through the high level abstraction space by quantization. Extensive experiments on three different datasets highlight the advantage of our method under cross-modal scenarios and show that LSSH significantly outperforms several state-of-the-art methods.
Fatty Acid Metabolism in Carriers of Apolipoprotein E Epsilon 4 Allele: Is It Contributing to Higher Risk of Cognitive Decline and Coronary Heart Disease?

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a protein playing a pivotal role in lipid homeostasis since it regulates cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid metabolism in the blood and the brain. APOE gene regulates the expression of this protein and has three different alleles: ε2, ε3 and ε4. Carrying an APOE4 allele is recognised as a genetic risk factor of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Consuming fatty fish, rich in long chain omega-3 fatty acids (LC omega-3), seems to be associated with risk reduction of developing LOAD and CHD but this link seems not to hold in APOE4 carriers, at least in LOAD. In CHD trials, APOE4 carriers supplemented with LC omega-3 were categorized as differential responders to the treatment with regards to CHD risk markers. This is potentially because fatty acid metabolism is disturbed in APOE4 carriers compared to the non-carriers. More specifically, homeostasis of LC omega-3 is disrupted in carriers of APOE4 allele and this is potentially because they β-oxidize more LC omega-3 than the non-carriers. Therefore, there is a potential shift in fatty acid selection for β-oxidation towards LC omega-3 which are usually highly preserved for incorporation into cell membranes.
No 744 August 2006 Capital Markets , Ownership and Distance

This paper uses a new data-set to examine how internal capital markets and foreign ownership affect investment. Our data allow us to compare investment behaviour of listed subsidiaries with stand-alone firms while controlling for investment opportunities of parent and subsidiary firms. We evaluate how the size of ownership and the geographical proximity of majority owners to their subsidiaries affect firm investment efficiency. We find that the investment of subsidiaries is more sensitive to investment opportunities than that of standalone firms and falls when investment opportunities of parent firms improve. This suggests that there are internal capital markets that reallocate funds towards units with better investment opportunities. We find that investment allocation is most efficient where parents have modest ownership stakes and are distant from their subsidiaries and when subsidiaries operate in well developed financial markets. These results indicate that influence costs imposed by dominant parents may outweigh their potential informational benefits, especially when subsidiaries are located in countries with weaker financial development.
H . 264 implementation on SIMD VLIW cores

This paper describes an optimized implementation of the H.264 baseline profile encoder on the ST240 processor. The H.264 Video Coding standard offers high compression efficiency, but also requires very high computational complexity. Therefore, strongly optimized solutions are needed in order to achieve the real-time performance, especially on low-power DSPs. The here presented implementation is based on SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) instructions and on a particular algorithm for the motion estimation and compensation. The experimental results show a comparison between the Ansi-C and the SIMD implementation which allows to achieve almost a 30% reduction in terms of number of cycles.
Outer Membrane Protein P5 Is Required for Resistance of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae to Both the Classical and Alternative Complement Pathways

ABSTRACT The complement system is an important first line of defense against the human pathogen Haemophilus influenzae. To survive and propagate in vivo, H. influenzae has evolved mechanisms for subverting this host defense, most of which have been shown to involve outer surface structures, including lipooligosaccharide glycans and outer surface proteins. Bacterial defense against complement acts at multiple steps in the pathway by mechanisms that are not fully understood. Here we identify outer membrane protein P5 as an essential factor in serum resistance of both H. influenzae strain Rd and nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) clinical isolate NT127. P5 was essential for resistance of Rd and NT127 to complement in pooled human serum. Further investigation determined that P5 expression decreased cell surface binding of IgM, a potent activator of the classical pathway of complement, to both Rd and NT127. Additionally, P5 expression was required for NT127 to bind factor H (fH), an important inhibitor of alternative pathway (AP) activation. Collectively, the results obtained in this work highlight the ability of H. influenzae to utilize a single protein to perform multiple protective functions for evading host immunity.