Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The SRI24 multichannel atlas of normal adult human brain structure

This article describes the SRI24 atlas, a new standard reference system of normal human brain anatomy, that was created using template‐free population registration of high‐resolution magnetic resonance images acquired at 3T in a group of 24 normal control subjects. The atlas comprises anatomical channels (T1, T2, and proton density weighted), diffusion‐related channels (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, longitudinal diffusivity, mean diffusion‐weighted image), tissue channels (CSF probability, gray matter probability, white matter probability, tissue labels), and two cortical parcellation maps. The SRI24 atlas enables multichannel atlas‐to‐subject image registration. It is uniquely versatile in that it is equally suited for the two fundamentally different atlas applications: label propagation and spatial normalization. Label propagation, herein demonstrated using diffusion tensor image fiber tracking, is enabled by the increased sharpness of the SRI24 atlas compared with other available atlases. Spatial normalization, herein demonstrated using data from a young–old group comparison study, is enabled by its unbiased average population shape property. For both propagation and normalization, we also report the results of quantitative comparisons with seven other published atlases: Colin27, MNI152, ICBM452 (warp5 and air12), and LPBA40 (SPM5, FLIRT, AIR). Our results suggest that the SRI24 atlas, although based on 3T MR data, allows equally accurate spatial normalization of data acquired at 1.5T as the comparison atlases, all of which are based on 1.5T data. Furthermore, the SRI24 atlas is as suitable for label propagation as the comparison atlases and detailed enough to allow delineation of anatomical structures for this purpose directly in the atlas. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A meta-analysis of rectal NSAIDs in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis

Background: Several pharmacological agents for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) have been studied. Clinical trials evaluating the protective effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have yielded inconclusive results. Aim: To perform a meta-analysis of studies evaluating the effect of prophylactic rectal NSAIDs on PEP. Methods: By searching Medline, Embase, meeting abstracts and bibliographies, two independent reviewers systematically identified prospective randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of rectally administered prophylactic NSAIDs on the incidence of PEP pancreatitis. A meta-analysis of these clinical trials was performed. Results: Four RCTs, enrolling a total of 912 patients, have been published. Meta-analysis of these studies demonstrates a pooled relative risk for PEP after prophylactic administration of NSAIDs of 0.36 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.60); patients who received NSAIDs in the periprocedural period were 64% less likely to develop pancreatitis and 90% less likely to develop moderate to severe pancreatitis. The pooled number needed to treat with NSAIDs to prevent one episode of pancreatitis is 15 patients. No adverse events attributable to the use of NSAIDs were reported in any of the clinical trials. Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, prophylactic NSAIDs were effective in preventing PEP. Widespread prophylactic administration of these agents may significantly reduce the incidence of PEP, resulting in major clinical and economic benefit. Given current scepticism regarding the efficacy of any prophylactic medication for ERCP, additional multicentre studies are needed for confirmation prior to widespread adoption of this strategy.
Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content in Critically Ill Patients From Creatine Kinase-MB to Troponin: Do We Really Need to Differentiate between Myocardial Injury and Infarction?

To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Fernandez et al. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) is a promising marker of iron metabolism, particularly in the intensive care unit setting where usual markers are often disrupted by inflammation. In a small cohort of critically ill patients with no evidence of real iron deficiency, we observed a correlation between C-reactive protein and CHr, suggesting that inflammation rapidly reduces iron availability for erythropoiesis. We agree that CHr should be used in future research protocols to monitor the response to iron therapy in critically ill patients. However, CHr measurements are not routinely available in most hospitals. In our study, blood samples had to be stored on ice and sent to an external laboratory within 72 h. In the study by Fernandez et al., it would have been interesting to know the iron status of the patients based on the ferritin concentration, serum iron concentration, and transferrin saturation to ensure that there was no coexistence of true iron deficiency. Also, because CHr is the product of cellular volume and cellular hemoglobin concentration, other variables such as mean cellular volume may have affected the CHr values. In our study, two patients had a high CHr value ( 35 pg) probably secondary to their high mean cellular volume values (more than 100 fl). CHr seems to be useful to predict transfusions or to monitor iron therapy but should be interpreted in the context of folates or vitamin B12 deficiencies that may coexist in critically ill patients.
On universality of critical behaviour in the focusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation, elliptic umbilic catastrophe and the {\it tritronqu\'ee} solution to the Painlev\'e-I equation

We argue that the critical behaviour near the point of ``gradient catastrophe" of the solution to the Cauchy problem for the focusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation $ i\epsilon \psi_t +\frac{\epsilon^2}2\psi_{xx}+ |\psi|^2 \psi =0$ with analytic initial data of the form $\psi(x,0;\epsilon) =A(x) e^{\frac{i}{\epsilon} S(x)}$ is approximately described by a particular solution to the Painlev\'e-I equation.
One-Dimensional Dynamic Performance of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube

The paper puts forward the one-dimensional strain rate related dynamic constitutive model of concrete-filled steel tube. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Uniaxial compression performance finite element analysis at the strain rate among 10/s-5—10/s-2 is completed based on the conclusions. The results showed that considering concrete strain rate effect, the bearing performance of CFST is obviously changed. It showed that with the strength of concrete and strain rate increasing, ultimate bearing capacity of concrete-filled steel tube is improved and ductility is reduced. With the confining ratio and strain rate increasing, the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility of CFST are improved. With the slenderness ratios and strain rate increasing, the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility are reduced.
Caffeine Confers Radiosensitization of PTEN-Deficient Malignant Glioma Cells by Enhancing Ionizing Radiation–Induced G1 Arrest and Negatively Regulating Akt Phosphorylation

PTEN mutations are frequently found in malignant glioma and can result in activated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt survival signaling associated with resistance to radiotherapy. Strategies to interfere with aberrant PI3K/Akt activity are therefore being developed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy in patients with malignant glioma. The methylxanthine caffeine has been described as a PI3K inhibitor and is also known to sensitize cells to ionizing radiation. However, a direct association between these two caffeine-mediated effects has not been reported yet. Therefore, we asked whether caffeine or its derivative pentoxifylline differentially affect the radiosensitivity of malignant gliomas with different PTEN status. As models, we used the radiosensitive EA14 malignant glioma cell line containing wild-type PTEN and the radioresistant U87MG malignant glioma cell line harboring mutant PTEN. Our study revealed that caffeine and pentoxifylline radiosensitized PTEN-deficient but not PTEN-proficient glioma cells. Radiosensitization of PTEN-deficient U87MG cells by caffeine was significantly correlated with the activation of the G1 DNA damage checkpoint that occurred independently of de novo synthesis of p53 and p21. The p53 independency was also confirmed by a significant caffeine-mediated radiosensitization of the glioma cell lines T98G and U373MG that are deficient for both PTEN and p53. Furthermore, caffeine-mediated radiosensitization was associated with the inhibition of Akt hyperphosphorylation in PTEN-deficient cells to a level comparable with PTEN-proficient cells. Our data suggest that the methylxanthine caffeine or its derivative pentoxifylline are promising candidate drugs for the radiosensitization of glioma cells particularly with PTEN mutations. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(2); 480–8
Human Rap1 Interacts Directly with Telomeric DNA and Regulates TRF2 Localization at the Telomere*

Background: hTRF2 and hRap1 prevent non-homologous end joining and exist as a complex at human telomeres. Results: The TRF2-Rap1 complex has high specificity for telomeres and a higher affinity for 3′ telomeric ends than hTRF2. Conclusion: hRap1 regulates the DNA binding characteristics of hTRF2. Significance: This is the first evidence of hRap1 interacting with DNA and altering the affinity of hTRF2 for telomeric DNA. The TRF2-Rap1 complex suppresses non-homologous end joining and interacts with DNAPK-C to prevent end joining. We previously demonstrated that hTRF2 is a double strand telomere binding protein that forms t-loops in vitro and recognizes three- and four-way junctions independent of DNA sequence. How the DNA binding characteristics of hTRF2 to DNA is altered in the presence of hRap1 however is not known. Here we utilized EM and quantitative gel retardation to characterize the DNA binding properties of hRap1 and the TRF2-Rap1 complex. Both gel filtration chromatography and mass analysis from two-dimensional projections showed that the TRF2-Rap1 complex exists in solution and binds to DNA as a complex consisting of four monomers each of hRap1 and hTRF2. EM revealed for the first time that hRap1 binds to DNA templates in the absence of hTRF2 with a preference for double strand-single strand junctions in a sequence independent manner. When hTRF2 and hRap1 are in a complex, its affinity for ds telomeric sequences is 2-fold higher than TRF2 alone and more than 10-fold higher for telomeric 3′ ends. This suggests that as hTRF2 recruits hRap1 to telomeric sequences, hRap1 alters the affinity of hTRF2 and its binding preference on telomeric DNA. Moreover, the TRF2-Rap1 complex has higher ability to re-model telomeric DNA than either component alone. This finding underlies the importance of complex formation between hRap1 and hTRF2 for telomere function and end protection.
The Brera Multi-scale Wavelet ROSAT HRI source catalogue

We present the Brera Multi-scale Wavelet ROSAT HRI source catalogue (BMW-HRI) derived from all ROSAT HRI pointed observations with exposure times longer than 100 s available in the ROSAT public archives. The data were analyzed automatically using a wavelet detection algorithm suited to the detection and characterization of both point-like and extended sources. This algorithm is able to detect and disentangle sources in very crowded fields and/or in the presence of extended or bright sources. Images have been also visually inspected after the analysis to ensure verification. The final catalogue, derived from 4303 observations, consists of 29089 sources detected with a detection probability of ≥4. 2σ. For each source, the primary catalogue entries provide name, position, count rate, flux and extension along with the relative errors. In addition, results of cross-correlations with existing catalogues at different wavelengths (FIRST, IRAS, 2MASS and GSC2) are also reported. Some information is available on the web via the DIANA Interface. As an external check, we compared our catalogue with the previously available ROSHRICAT catalogue (both in its short and long versions) and we were able to recover, for the short version, ∼90% of the entries. We computed the sky coverage of the entire HRI data set by means of simulations. The complete BMW-HRI catalogue provides a sky coverage of 732 deg 2 down to a limiting flux of ∼10 −12 erg s −1 cm −2 and of 10 deg 2 down to ∼10 −14 erg s −1 cm −2 . We were able to compute the cosmological log(N)-log(S) distribution down to a flux of � 1.2 × 10 −14 erg s −1 cm −2 .
Superconducting Properties of Films Deposited From Micro-, Nanocrystalline and Optimally BZO-Doped YBCO Targets

Thin YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO) films are prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) from pure micro- (mu) and nanocrystalline (n) targets and a n-target optimally doped with 3.9 wt% BaZrO3 (BZO). Effects of target grain size and doping on superconducting (SC) properties of the films are investigated using a SQUID magnetometer up to 5 T and transport measurements in pulsed magnetic fiefds up to 30 T. In comparison with mu-films, clearly increased values of jc are observed in n-films. Optimal doping with BZO still increases this difference in high magnetic field range and lengthens the low-field plateau of jc(B) and increases the accommodation field B* which are typically around 110 mT, 160 mT and 500 mT at 5 K in mu-, n- and BZO-doped films, respectiveiy. Transport measurements at T > 65 K show significant improvement of irreversibiiity line (IRL) and jc(B) in films prepared from n-target and BZO-doped target. These improvements of the superconducting properties in high magnetic fiefds make pure and BZO-doped n-films attractive for high field applications.
Computational estimation of the constant β(1) characterizing the order of ζ(1+it)

The paper describes a computational estimation of the constant β(1) characterizing the bounds of |ζ(1 + it)|. It is known that as t → oo ζ(2) 2β (1) eγ [1+o(1)]log log ≤|ζ(1 + it)| ≤ 2β (1)e γ [1+ o(1)]log log t with β(1) > 1 2 while the truth of the Riemann hypothesis would also imply that β(1)≤1. In the range 1 < t < 10 16 , two sets of estimates of β(1) are computed, one for increasingly small minima and another for increasingly large maxima of |ζ(1 + it)|. As t increases, the estimates in the first set rapidly fall below 1 and gradually reach values slightly below 0.70, while the estimates in the second set rapidly exceed 1 2 and gradually reach values slightly above 0.64. The obtained numerical results are discussed and compared to the implications of recent theoretical work of Granville and Soundararajan.
Effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide in the Treatment of Pressure Ulcers

This study aimed to examine the positive effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on the wound-healing process in pressure ulcers. In this randomized controlled trial, the effects of PDRN were compared over time between an experimental group (n=11) and a control group (n=12). The former was administered the same dose of PDRN intramuscularly (1 ampule, 3 mL, 5.625 mg, for 5 days) for 2 weeks and perilesionally (1 ampule, 3 mL, 5.625 mg, twice a week) for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint for determining efficacy was wound healing in the pressure ulcers, which was reflected by the wound surface area determined using VISITRAK Digital (Smith & Nephew, Largo, FL). The secondary endpoint was the pressure ulcer scale for healing score, determined using pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH Tool 3.0 developed by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel). After the 4-week treatment period, PDRN therapy was found to significantly reduce the wound size and PUSH score, without adverse effect during the treatment. The findings indicate that PDRN can positively modify the wound healing process in pressure ulcers, and its use could improve the clinical outcomes of patients and lower the need for additional therapies or hospital stay. Graphical Abstract
Microscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas in Children and Adolescents

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Design and evaluation of a fin-based underwater propulsion system

In search of underwater locomotion methods as alternatives to propellers, systems relying on the propagation of waves along a fin have already been designed and evaluated by several scientists. Considerable effort has been undertaken to optimise their efficiency both by fluid dynamic analysis and experiments on physical prototypes. One drawback of the systems hitherto has been their electro-mechanical complexity in that they required many actuators and refined control strategies to generate the desired fin undulation. Our approach has been to translate the result of these optimisations into a simpler, purely mechanical model relying on the principle of camshafts to achieve a similar undulatory fin motion. The goal was to evaluate whether this type of propulsion system is feasible and whether it was a viable alternative to propellers in Autonomous Underwater Vehicles. The prototype built during the project, CUTTLEFIN, reached comparable speeds to other undulating robot solutions. Force measurements also showed that the thrust produced is in qualitative accordance to a simplified fluid dynamics model. This makes the camshaft approach a promising option for generating an undulating wave in a membrane-based fin propulsion system, if one is willing to pay the price of lower flexibility compared to current dexterously actuated solutions.
Asim: A Performance Model Framework

The longevity and usefulness of a microprocessor performance model has historically depended on the model writer's skills and discipline. However, at Compaq the models became extremely complex and unmanageable because designers lacked a structured way to develop them. To cope with these complexities, Compaq researchers began developing Asim in late 1998 to allow model writers to faithfully represent the detailed timing of complex modern machines and effectively manage the large software projects needed to model such machines. Asim addresses these needs by providing a modular and reusable framework for creating many models. The framework's modularity helps break down the performance-modeling problem into individual pieces that can be modeled separately, while its reusability allows using a software component repeatedly in different contexts.
Demand-aware flow allocation in data center networks

In this work we consider a relatively large and highly dynamic data center network in which flows have small interarrival times and different demands for the network resources. Taking into account the properties and specifics of such networks we consider the problem of flow placement, i.e. assignment of an outgoing port for flows at each hop from source to destination. Using the characteristics of modern data centers from previous measurement studies, in this work we first simulate the flow allocation using several algorithms with and without global knowledge. We find that in all settings local forwarding decisions are almost as good as decisions made with global information at hand. This finding enables us to propose a fully distributed mechanism that relies only on local knowledge and allows to achieve fair and demand aware flow allocation in the data center network. The mechanism has low complexity and performs better than naive random flow allocation.
Effects of Local and General Fatigue on Static Balance

A static balance test was given to 120 college men and women before and after 2 exercise bouts. In one type of exercise heel raises were used to induce local muscular fatigue. Squat thrusts were employed as the general body fatiguing exercise. Both general body-fatigue exercise and local-fatigue exercise impaired static balance performance. However, the general body-fatigue resulted in significantly greater decrement in static balance scores than local fatigue. There was no significant difference in the amount of impairment between men and women.
Scanning tunneling microscopy investigations of reactions between thiolate coated gold surfaces and gas-phase radicals.

by Matthew McIntyre Jobbins Scanning tunneling microscopy was used to investigate the dynamics of gas/surface reactions as they take place on the molecular scale. Experiments between atomic hydrogen and an Au(111) surface functionalized with a 1-adamantanethiolate selfassembled monolayer resulted in significant evidence that the reconstruction of the gold during monolayer formation is dependent on the thiolate molecule density on the surface. Reactions have also been completed between atomic chlorine and 1octanethiolate monolayers, we believe, based on a number of methodologies used to quantify the products, that atomic chlorine is more than five times more likely to react in bulk ordered ares of the monolayer than at defect sites. Further, we have determined that, while chlorination and sulfur abstraction does occur over extended dose times, the principle reaction pathway is likely hydrogen abstraction followed by the recombination of surface radicals, leading to an extensively cross-linked surface. Increasing the throughput of instrumentation already present in the lab has been a major goal. A high-voltage supply capable of supplying ∼ 280 V to the tunnel junction has been constructed to make in vacuum tip changes possible. An electrochemical tip etcher has been built and used to prepare sharp SPM tips with a reproducible etched length to apex diameter aspect ratio, and a novel thermoelecMatthew McIntyre Jobbins trically cooled STM was constructed that will go on to allow the lab to complete thermally activated reaction studies in a controlled environment. Further, We have designed and developed a new ultra-high vacuum, cryogenically cooled STM capable of reevaluating the reactions between H atoms and thiolate SAMs previously completed in the lab, but now, at low-temperature. This will hopefully allow us to further elucidate the kinetics of chemical reactions taking place at surfaces on the molecular level. For my parents, Richard and Jill Jobbins.
Phase II trial of weekly single-agent paclitaxel in platinum/paclitaxel-refractory ovarian cancer.

PURPOSE We wished to critically examine the level of activity of weekly paclitaxel in a patient population with well-characterized platinum/paclitaxel-resistant (3-week schedule) ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligibility criteria for this phase II trial included the following: ovarian and fallopian tube cancers or primary carcinoma of the peritoneum; prior initial therapy with platinum/paclitaxel; and failure to respond to treatment (progression or stable disease as best response), or a response duration of less than 3 months, or if the response was more than 3 months, retreatment with both agents required and failure to respond a second time or the response duration was less than 3 months. Measurable or assessable disease (CA-125 response criteria) was required. Patients received weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m(2)) until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity developed, or they elected to discontinue treatment. RESULTS Fifty-three patients (52 assessable for toxicity and 51 for response) were entered onto this multi-institution trial. Of 248 total cycles (887 doses), only 13 (1%) were modified (dose reduction or treatment delay) because of side effects. Therapy was discontinued in five patients because of toxicity (four because of peripheral neuropathy, and one because of painful fingernail beds). Thirteen patients (25%; 95% confidence interval, 13.5% to 37.5%) achieved an objective response (four by CA-125 criteria, and nine by > or = 50% reduction of measurable disease). CONCLUSION Weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m(2)) is generally well tolerated and is an active second-line regimen against ovarian cancer that has demonstrated resistance to platinum/paclitaxel delivered on an every-3-week schedule.