Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous mutations and the origin and maintenance of quantitative genetic variation

Mutation and natural selection shape the genetic variation in natural populations. Here, we directly estimated the spontaneous mutation rate by sequencing new Drosophila mutation accumulation lines maintained with minimal natural selection. We inferred strong stabilizing natural selection on quantitative traits because genetic variation among wild-derived inbred lines was much lower than predicted from a neutral model and the mutational effects were much larger than allelic effects of standing polymorphisms. Stabilizing selection could act directly on the traits, or indirectly from pleiotropic effects on fitness. However, our data are not consistent with simple models of mutation-stabilizing selection balance; therefore, further empirical work is needed to assess the balance of evolutionary forces responsible for quantitative genetic variation. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.14625. 001
Closure of nasal septal perforations using bilateral intranasal advancement/rotation flaps.

OBJECTIVES This study aims to report our experience on surgical repair of nasal septal perforations (NSP) using bilateral intranasal advancement/rotation flaps with open septoplasty technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS Medical records of 28 consecutive patients who were operated for NSP in our clinic between January 2009 and February 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic features of the patients and surgical results were evaluated. RESULTS The most common cause of NSP was previous septal surgery in 18 (64%) of the patients. Nasal crusting was the most common symptom in 21 patients (75%). Perforation size ranged from 10 to 30 mm in diameter. Septoplasty was performed in five patients, while septorhinoplasty was performed in three patients simultaneously to the NSP repair. Nasal septal cartilage and auricular chonchal cartilage were used to support the nasoseptal skeleton, if required. There were no major intra- or postoperative complications. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 23 months. During follow-up, there was mild columellar retraction in five patients (18%). Nasal septal perforation was closed successfully in 24 patients (86%). Pinpoint perforation remained in two patients and perforation size was smaller than 5 mm in two patients. CONCLUSION Closing the NSP with bilateral intranasal advancement/rotation flaps has a comparable high success rate. Therefore, this technique can be easily applied to small-medium sized septal perforations.
’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs SMEs and banks : investigating the link between trust and the pledging of personal collateral Conference Item

Research on relationship lending focuses attention on economic factors which influence the relationships between SMEs’ owners/managers and banks but no previous work has focused on the role of trust. Trust is expected to reduce agency costs, the perceived credit risk and, thus, influence credit availability and credit terms. Trustworthiness is associated with three attributes of SME owner managers’ namely; ability, benevolence and integrity. It is hypothesised that lending managers’ assessment of the trustworthiness of SME owner managers affects the request of personal collateral from bank when credit is provided. Trustworthiness is hypothesised as negatively associated with personal collateral in the form of personal guarantees and personal assets. Using the data obtained from a survey of lending managers from banks in North East Italy we test this relationship. Research methods include construction of control variables and a vector of trustworthiness factors based on the data collected on a random sample of 535 borrowing firms. Results from the regression analysis show some evidence that the line of credit of firms enjoying high level of trust are less collateralised with entrepreneurs’ personal assets even if the significance of both the specification and trust is low. Our findings support the view found in earlier literature on trust that personal collateral pledging is decided at the beginning of the relationship and then such a decision is not changed by the bank. Some implications of these results and future research are discussed.
IN CONTEXT : PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON REACTIVE OXYGEN AND NITROGEN SPECIES Physiology of pepper fruit and the metabolism of antioxidants : chloroplasts , mitochondria and peroxisomes

José M. Palma*, Francisca Sevilla, Ana Jiménez, Luis A. del Rı́o, Francisco J. Corpas, Paz Álvarez de Morales and Daymi M. Camejo Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidı́n, CSIC, Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain and Group of Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality, Department of Biology of Stress and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologı́a y Biologı́a Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, Campus Universitario Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain * For correspondence. E-mail josemanuel.palma@eez.csic. es
Genuine, Independent, Holistic, and Appropriate: Four Considerations for the Optimization of Positive Interventions

People desire to be happy but do not always know how to do so. As a relatively new field of psychology, positive psychology offers a host of research and positive interventions aimed at increasing positive emotions to improve well-being. But these interventions must be applied with care. Valuing, pursuing, and expressing happiness have each been associated with negative outcomes, creating the need for a greater understanding of how to optimize positive interventions. This paper assists in this goal by characterizing positive interventions as a form of emotion regulation that actively seeks to upregulate positive emotions. Upon reviewing research on effective emotion regulation, this paper offers four considerations for optimizing positive interventions: authenticity, autonomy, dialectics, and context. Positive interventions should allow for authentic emotional expression. They should support the autonomy to select and modify interventions. The dialectics of well-being illustrate the need to mitigate positive emotions and include negative emotions in positive interventions. Finally, examining personal and cultural context highlights the need for context-sensitive interventions. Considering each of these aspects while implementing positive psychology will help the field further its mission of enabling others to flourish. GENUINE, INDEPENDENT, HOLISTIC, AND APPROPRIATE 3
A Taxonomy of SOLAP Operators

Different proposals of SOLAP query languages exist in the literature; however, a taxonomy of SOLAP operators has not been formally defined to date. This paper presents a systematic method for classifying SOLAP operators which combines the elements that constitute a data cube with three application categories: multidimensional, spatial and temporal. Additionally, this paper proposes a set of SOLAP operators along with their syntax. A comparison between the set of operators derived from the proposed taxonomy and the operators from existing SOLAP query languages is carried out. Besides, some implementation results of the proposed operators are presented.
Moving Transfer to Transformative Learning: A Curriculum Model for Adult Educators in Open Distance Learning (ODL)

This article reviews the literature on theories of adult learning particularly transfer and transformative learning and how they inform a model curriculum for adult educators in open distance learning (ODL). On-line instructions have to change from the habitual teacher-based to more inclusive and integrating transformative learner-centred learning designs. Continuous professional development of educators of adults needs to be transformative if they are to measure up to growing demand for adult education. Currently the adult educators are not receiving relevant training for deep learning and change. With the rapid pace of technology in the fast-paced knowledge economy self-directed transformative learning must inform curriculum. Adult educators need proactive institutional contexts that stimulate them to deep learning. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2014. v4n3p479
Computer Generated Self-Care Advice via Web-Based Triage of Complaints in Primary Care

Computer generated self-care advice systems are used in health care to support self-management and to respond to an increasing demand for care. Web-based triage is an innovative system aimed at empowering patients and saving costs while maintaining the same or better quality of care. Such systems consist of a symptom driven questionnaire for minor ailments based on the criteria: high frequency, no physical contact required to assess medical situation, and the possibility to rule out emergencies. We evaluated the feasibility of such a system for self-care. A retrospective analysis was carried out among 6538 patients by investigating the frequencies of complaints that have been entered to the system and the frequencies of the kinds of generated advice; online surveys (n=192) based on behavioral theories were held to determine factors influencing compliance with generated self-care advice. Web-based triage can promote self-management for minor ailments, especially for patients who have a positive attitude towards computer-generated advice. This positive attitude leads to intentions to follow up the advice and to actual follow up. To reduce unnecessary doctors' visits and to lower health care costs the system has to be brought more in to line with users' needs because the systems are more medical driven than user-centered.
Unc-51/ATG1 Controls Axonal and Dendritic Development via Kinesin-Mediated Vesicle Transport in the Drosophila Brain

Background Members of the evolutionary conserved Ser/Thr kinase Unc-51 family are key regulatory proteins that control neural development in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Previous studies have suggested diverse functions for the Unc-51 protein, including axonal elongation, growth cone guidance, and synaptic vesicle transport. Methodology/Principal Findings In this work, we have investigated the functional significance of Unc-51-mediated vesicle transport in the development of complex brain structures in Drosophila. We show that Unc-51 preferentially accumulates in newly elongating axons of the mushroom body, a center of olfactory learning in flies. Mutations in unc-51 cause disintegration of the core of the developing mushroom body, with mislocalization of Fasciclin II (Fas II), an IgG-family cell adhesion molecule important for axonal guidance and fasciculation. In unc-51 mutants, Fas II accumulates in the cell bodies, calyx, and the proximal peduncle. Furthermore, we show that mutations in unc-51 cause aberrant overshooting of dendrites in the mushroom body and the antennal lobe. Loss of unc-51 function leads to marked accumulation of Rab5 and Golgi components, whereas the localization of dendrite-specific proteins, such as Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) and No distributive disjunction (Nod), remains unaltered. Genetic analyses of kinesin light chain (Klc) and unc-51 double heterozygotes suggest the importance of kinesin-mediated membrane transport for axonal and dendritic development. Moreover, our data demonstrate that loss of Klc activity causes similar axonal and dendritic defects in mushroom body neurons, recapitulating the salient feature of the developmental abnormalities caused by unc-51 mutations. Conclusions/Significance Unc-51 plays pivotal roles in the axonal and dendritic development of the Drosophila brain. Unc-51-mediated membrane vesicle transport is important in targeted localization of guidance molecules and organelles that regulate elongation and compartmentalization of developing neurons.
Discourse Tact in Doctor-Patient Interactions in English: An Analysis of Diagnosis in Medical Communication in Nigeria

This study describes discourse tact in diagnoses in doctor-patient interactions in English in selected hospitals in South-western Nigeria. Using recorded conversations between doctors and patients in those hospitals as data, the mutual contextual beliefs of participants, speech act patterns, including linguistic patterns, and other pragmatic features are analyzed from the perspective of the pragmatics of discourse. The findings indicate the predominance of doctor-initiated spoken exchanges in which doctors elicit and confirm information and give directives to patients, while the patients give information and attempt to respond appropriately to the doctors’ moves. It is also observed that conversation maxims are flouted and politeness maxims exploited in order to enhance successful diagnosis in the interaction. Finally, it is observed that doctor-patient interaction is only one out of many aspects of medical communication that require the attention of language scholars in order to gain insight into language as an act of social behaviour and action, especially with respect to the institution of medicine.
Identification of the STAT5B‐RARα fusion transcript in an acute promyelocytic leukemia patient without FLT3, NPM1, c‐Kit and C/EBPα mutation

T(15;17) is the most common chromosomal aberration in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), leading to the formation of PML‐RARα fusion gene. In a small subset of patients with APL, the RARα gene is fused with different partners. Here, we report a rare APL case with STAT5B‐RARα fusion transcript. Cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic analyses showed typical features of APL. However, cytogenetic analysis showed normal karyotype, and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed PML‐RARα negative. Quantitative RT‐PCR also showed PML‐RARα negative but STAT5B‐RARα positive and sequencing analysis confirmed the result. Molecular markers including FLT3, NPM1, c‐Kit and C/EBPα mutation were all negative. To our knowledge, this is the first APL patient with STAT5B‐RARα in Chinese population and the fifth patient around the world according to published paper.
An investigation of phonological and semantic control using TMS and fMRI

This thesis aimed to investigate the neural basis of linguistic and semantic control across brain networks, using fMRI and TMS. Firstly we assessed the contribution of premotor cortex (PMC) to speech perception: TMS disrupted phonological but not semantic judgments, indicating a constrained role for PMC in tasks involving explicit access to phonemic representations, but not in accessing meaning. Chapter 3 examined the role of brain regions within the language network to both domain (phonological/semantic) and executive control demands. The results suggest that there are specialisations at the extreme ends of LIFG for phonology (PMC/BA 44) and semantics (BA 47), as well as contributions from posterior temporal and parietal cortex to both domains. Furthermore, Chapter 4 investigated the role of these brain areas to amodal semantic cognition using picture and verbal semantic associations which varied in their difficulty (to manipulate semantic control demands). The findings suggest that while BA45/44 respond to control demands across modalities, there are specialisations within the semantic control network; for example, bilateral BA 47 showed a verbal semantic preference. Chapter 5 used TMS to further probe the role of BA 44, 47 and pMTG across domain (phonology/semantic) and modality (picture/verbal), confirming a preference for verbal semantic material in BA 44 and 47, and highlighting an amodal contribution of pMTG to associative semantic judgments. Lastly, Chapter 6 focussed on semantic control and manipulated retrieval and selection demands using a cyclical picture naming paradigm. We found that TMS to LIFG caused a specific disruption of naming at the point at which the demands on both selection and retrieval were maximal, while TMS to pMTG caused no disruption of retrieval or selection processes. The findings of this thesis shed additional light on the role of various areas throughout the language networks to domain, modality and control.
Asymmetric Lifting Tasks The Validity and Interrater Reliability of Video-Based Posture Observation During

http://hfs.sagepub. com/content/53/4/371 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/0018720811410976 published online 24 June 2011 2011 53: 371 originally Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Xu Xu, Chien-chi Chang, Gert S. Faber, Idsart Kingma and Jack T. Dennerlein Asymmetric Lifting Tasks The Validity and Interrater Reliability of Video-Based Posture Observation During
Computer-Assisted Instruction, Media Richness, and College Student Performance

This meta analysis examines the effect of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) upon college student performance, addresses the impact of various study characteristics upon effects, and explores how media richness theory may predict CAI performance gains. Findings indicate that student performance gains are larger for CAI than traditional instruction (average r=.12, k = 118, N = 12,398). CAI benefits are greatest for social science disciplines, when the traditional instruction format is lecture/discussion, for undergraduate samples, in studies published after 1994, and for CAI delivered in multiple units. Analyses of media richness constructs indicate that CAI increases performance when delivered with an audio channel and is designed for a specific set of students.
A naturalistic enquiry into the day-to-day lives of obese children.

Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in both developed and developing countries, posing one of the greatest challenges to paediatric health in the 21st century. To date, interventions to prevent and treat child obesity have had moderate success, with many researchers advocating the need for individual and community programs combined with a better understanding of the contextual factors affecting children, in particular social and environmental aspects. Little has been documented about the daily experiences of an obese child and the context of their weight-related behaviours. Because of the sensitive nature of child obesity, few studies have employed participant observation methods or naturalistic paradigms to gather contextual information around this prominent health issue. The purpose of this current study was to explain the daily life of an obese child and then determine the context in which weight-related behaviours existed. This study was a naturalistic inquiry employing a multiple case-study design. It was conducted with six obese children and their families in their normal daily environments, including their home, school, and after-school and weekend settings. Participant observations took place from when the child woke in the morning until he/she went to bed at night. Field notes were taken, which were supplemented with digital recordings and casual conversations with key individuals.
Preferred health behaviors and quality of life of the elderly people in Poland

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess possible differences between a group of residents of public nursing homes (PNH) and a group of members of Universities of the Third Age (UTA) measured using standard psychometric scales. Materials and methods The research was conducted between January 3, 2013 and February 15, 2014 on a group of 200 residents of PNH and 200 members of the UTA using five psychometric scales: Standardized Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Standardized Health Behavior Inventory (HBI), Standardized Social Support Scale (SSS), Standardized General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), and Standardized Multiple Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC). Results The average point total in the Standardized Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in the group of residents of PNH was 18.03 (Me =19) and was significantly higher (P=0.047) in comparison with the group of UTA members (17.08). Similar to residents of PNH, a vast majority of UTA members assessed the support received from the UTA as good, which significantly influenced their satisfaction from life (P=0.028) and their feeling of self-efficacy (P=0.048). An observed dependence states that the greater the level of satisfaction from life, the greater the level of various types of support from family. Conclusion This study indicates that biopsychosocial problems decrease quality of life in elderly people. The elderly people require a comprehensive, holistic approach to a variety of problems that occur with aging. In future, extended interdisciplinary research should be carried out on aspects of quality of life in order to optimize comprehensive geriatric assessment.
Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 stimulates bone formation parameters in vitro and in vivo.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (rhIGFBP-5) is stored in bone and stimulates osteoblast cell proliferation in vitro. Bone formation is dependent on the number and activity of osteoblasts. We therefore evaluated the ability of recombinant human (rh) IGFBP-5 to increase osteoblast activity in vitro; both alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin levels showed a dose-dependent increase. In in vivo time-course studies, daily s.c. administration of 50 microg rhIGFBP-5/day/mouse significantly increased serum osteocalcin levels by day 7, and these levels were sustained through day 21. We further evaluated whether rhIGFBP-5 was as effective as IGF-I. Daily s.c. administration of rhIGFBP-5 (50 microg/day), IGF-I (13 microg/day), or IGF-I plus rhIGFBP-5 complex for 9 days increased serum osteocalcin levels by 58%, 65%, and 81% (P < 0.001 in all) and femoral bone extract ALP activity by 85% (P < 0.001), 29% (P < 0.05), and 13% (P = NS), respectively, and decreased carboxyl-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen by 29% (P < 0.05), 20% (P = NS), and 12.5% (P = NS), respectively. One s.c. injection of rhIGFBP-5 (50 microg/mouse) increased serum osteocalcin and bone ALP activity by 21% (P < 0.05) and 27% (P < 0.02), respectively, after 5 days, but did not significantly increase serum IGF-I (1, 6, or 24 h/postinjection), suggesting that the effects of rhIGFBP-5 on bone are not mediated by increasing circulating IGF-I. Our data demonstrate that systemic administration of rhIGFBP-5, either alone or in combination with IGF-I, increases bone formation parameters in vivo.
Bottom‐up, top‐down, and within‐trophic level pressures on a cactus‐feeding insect

Abstract 1. The relative importance of host‐plants and predators in the population dynamics of herbivorous insects, and the frequency and intensity of inter‐specific competition among herbivores, have both been intensively studied and debated. The joint effects of bottom‐up, top‐down, and within‐trophic level interactions, however, have rarely been integrated in a single system.
Tigecycline Resistance Can Occur Independently of the ramA Gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae

ABSTRACT Tigecycline resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae results from ramA upregulation that causes the overexpression of the efflux pump, AcrAB-TolC. Tigecycline mutants, derived from Ecl8ΔramA, can exhibit a multidrug resistance phenotype due to increased transcription of the marA, rarA, acrAB, and oqxAB genes. These findings support the idea that tigecycline or multidrug resistance in K. pneumoniae, first, is not solely dependent on the ramA gene, and second, can arise via alternative regulatory pathways in K. pneumoniae.