Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic Analysis of Acoustic Waves in a Porous Medium: Microincompressible Flow

This is the second in a series of three papers that studies acoustic waves governed by the linearized compressible Stokes equations in a porous medium. In particular, we want to analyze the simultaneous inviscid and high frequency limits of fluid flows in a porous medium. The presence of time-space boundary layers decouples the flow into an incompressible (that we call microincompressible) and an acoustic part (that we call micro-acoustic) on the microscopic scale. While this paper employs the two-scale methods used in our first paper [10], the present boundary layer phenomenon requires additional weak convergence tools. Using the Bloch decomposition, we introduce modified Helmholtz operators, enabling us to split the flow into its microincompressible and microacoustic parts. Closed equations for the microincompressible flow are obtained using two-scale convergence, while closed equations for the microacoustic flow are given in our forthcoming paper.
Algebraic structures behind Hilbert schemes and wreath products

In this paper we review various strikingly parallel algebraic structures behind Hilbert schemes of points on surfaces and certain finite groups called the wreath products. We explain connections among Hilbert schemes, wreath products, infinite-dimensional Lie algebras, and vertex algebras. As an application we further describe the cohomology ring structure of the Hilbert schemes. We organize this exposition around several general principles which have been supported by various works on these subjects.
Capacity and performance of MIMO-BICM with zero-forcing receivers

This work considers multiple-input multiple-output bit-interleaved coded modulation (MIMO-BICM) with linear zero-forcing (ZF) receivers. We derive the link-level capacity (LLC) under ideal fast-fading conditions, and show that it approaches the maximum-likelihood (ML) LLC as the number of receive antennas approach infinity. We also derive tight analytical bounds on the coded bit-error rate, and prove that with N/sub t/ transmit and N/sub r/ receive antennas, the diversity order is N/sub r/-N/sub t/+1 multiplied by the free Hamming distance of the convolutional code. For the case of a ML receiver, we show that a tight bound is not possible, in general. Our analysis provides insights to explain the relative performance of the ZF and ML receivers. Finally, we validate the analytical results and assess the performance in a practical environment with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing and channel estimation.
Localized expression of urocortin genes in the developing zebrafish brain

The corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) family consists of four paralogous genes, CRH and urocortins (UCNs) 1, 2, and 3. In a previous study, we analyzed CRH in the teleost model organism zebrafish and its transcript distribution in the embryonic brain. Here, we describe full‐length cDNAs encoding urotensin 1 (UTS1), the teleost UCN1 ortholog, and UCN3 of zebrafish. Major expression sites of uts1 in adult zebrafish are the caudal neurosecretory system and brain. By using RT‐PCR analysis, we show that uts1 mRNA is also present in ovary, maternally contributed to the embryo, and expressed throughout embryonic development. Expression of ucn3 mRNA was detected in a range of adult tissues and during developmental stages from 24 hours post fertilization onward. Analysis of spatial transcript distributions by whole‐mount in situ hybridization revealed limited forebrain expression of uts1 and ucn3 during early development. Small numbers of uts1‐synthesizing neurons were found in subpallium, hypothalamus, and posterior diencephalon, whereas ucn3‐positive cells were restricted to telencephalon and retina. The brainstem was the main site of uts1 and ucn3 synthesis in the embryonic brain. uts1 Expression was confined to the midbrain tegmentum; distinct hindbrain cell groups, including locus coeruleus and Mauthner neurons; and the spinal cord. ucn3 Expression was localized to the optic tectum, serotonergic raphe, and distinct rhombomeric cell clusters. The prominent expression of uts1 and ucn3 in brainstem is consistent with proposed roles of CRH‐related peptides in stress‐induced modulation of locomotor activity through monoaminergic brainstem neuromodulatory systems. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2978–2995, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using Squat Testing to Predict Training Loads for the Deadlift, Lunge, Step-Up, and Leg Extension Exercises

Ebben, WP, Feldmann, CR, Dayne, A, Mitsche, D, Chmielewski, LM, Alexander, P, and Knetgzer, KJ. Using squat testing to predict training loads for the deadlift, lunge, step-up, and leg extension exercises (squat regression study). J Strength Cond Res 22(6): 1947-1949, 2008-The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a linear relationship between the squat and a variety of quadriceps resistance training exercises for the purpose of creating prediction equations for the determination of quadriceps exercise loads based on the squat load. Six-repetition maximums (RMs) of the squat, as well as four common resistance training exercises that activate the quadriceps including the deadlift, lunge, step-up, and leg extension, were determined for each subject. Subjects included 21 college students. Data were evaluated using linear regression analysis to predict quadriceps exercise loads from 6RM squat data and were cross-validated with the prediction of sum of squares statistic. Analysis of the data revealed that the squat is a significant predictor of loads for the dead lift (R2 = 0.81, standard error of the estimate [SEE] = 12.50 kg), lunge (R2 = 0.62, SEE = 12.57 kg), step-up (R2 = 0.71, SEE = 9.58 kg), and leg extension (R2 =0.67, SEE = 10.26 kg) exercises. Based on the analysis of the data, the following 6RM prediction equations were devised for each exercise: (a) deadlift load = squat load (0.83) + 14.92 kg, (b) lunge load = squat load (0.52) + 14.82 kg, (c) step-up load = squat load (0.50) + 3.32 kg, and (d) leg extension load = squat load (0.48) + 9.58 kg. Results from testing core exercises such as the squat can provide useful data for the assignment of loads for other exercises.
Music interventions for people with dementia: a review of the literature

This paper provides a qualitative review of 21 published articles of clinical empirical studies looking at the effects of a variety of music activities on the emotional and behavioural responses in people with dementia. General information is reviewed such as the setting and context of studies, research findings and explanatory variables. Methodological issues are also discussed, particularly in relation to observational methods, and theoretical frameworks such as the progressively lowered stress threshold model are evaluated. Music appears to have a range of applications in dementia care but previous reviews have highlighted methodological weaknesses of studies. Recommendations for future research include the use of continuous time sampling methodology and to record the duration of observed behaviours. This review paper also argues for the use of Kitwood's theory of personhood as a framework to inform and guide future research.
Sex and Gender Issues in Cardiovascular Research.

As we worked on completing our recently published volume on psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women, we realized an important feature of recent original scientific articles. Sex and gender seemed to be only marginally mentioned or even excluded from the analyses, and these factors were certainly not treated as primary factors in the prediction of health outcome (1). Wewould therefore like to raise the issue of sex and gender in CVD and other medical conditions, as described in recent issues of Psychosomatic Medicine. A distinction between sex and gender is common in social sciences, but has largely been neglected in health sciences. Unlike sex, which is a biologically based variable, gender is a construct that has a wider scope and incorporates the effect of social norms and expectations for men and women in a given society. We found that both sex and gender were unsystematically represented, and we thought that this finding may have consequences for scientific evaluation and interpretation. We screened recent articles published in Psychosomatic Medicine (2014: issues 1–9; 2015: issues 1–2). We found that the pattern of sex representation was unpredictable. Some authors (7/24), who had aimed at investigating sex differences, designed the study group accordingly (1/24), whereas others (5/24) had only mentioned sex as possible modifier of outcome in multivariate analyses. Most articles presented the relative proportion of men and women in table or text (23/24), but 14 of 24 had avoided discussing the impact of sex (or gender) as a risk factor. With the recent emphasis on research in women's health, we found that surprising.
Kidney function is associated with the rate of cognitive decline in the elderly

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that impaired kidney function in the elderly is associated with a more rapid rate of cognitive decline. Methods: Baseline serum was used to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula, for 886 elderly without dementia participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a prospective, observational cohort study. Kidney function was also dichotomized into impairment or no impairment based on eGFR < or ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Structured cognitive testing was performed at baseline and at annual evaluations, using a battery of 19 cognitive tests summarized into global cognition and 5 cognitive domains. Results: In mixed-effects models adjusted for age, sex, and education, a lower eGFR at baseline was associated with a more rapid rate of cognitive decline (estimate 0.0008, SE <0.001, p = 0.017). The increased rate of cognitive decline associated with a 15-mL/min/1.73 m2 lower eGFR at baseline (approximately 1 SD) was similar to the effect of being 3 years older at baseline. Impaired kidney function at baseline was associated with a more rapid rate of cognitive decline (estimate −0.028, SE <0.009, p = 0.003). The increased rate of cognitive decline associated with impaired kidney function at baseline was approximately 75% the effect of ApoE4 allele on the rate of cognitive decline. Baseline kidney function was associated with declines in semantic memory, episodic memory, and working memory but not visuospatial abilities or perceptual speed. Conclusion: Impaired kidney function is associated with a more rapid rate of cognitive decline in old age.
A Highly Linear Broadband CMOS LNA Employing Noise and Distortion Cancellation

A broadband inductorless low-noise amplifier (LNA) design that utilizes simultaneous noise and distortion cancellation is presented. Concurrent cancellation of the intrinsic third-order distortion from individual stages is exhibited with the common-gate and common-source cascade. The LNA is then limited by the second-order interaction between the common source and common gate stages, which is common in all cascade amplifiers. Further removal of this third-order distortion is achieved by incorporating a second-order-distortion-free circuit technique in the common gate stage. Implemented in 0.13 m CMOS technology, this LNA achieved 16 dBm in both the 900 MHz and 2 GHz bands. Measurements demonstrate that the LNA has a minimum internal gain of 14.5 dB, noise figure of 2.6 dB from 800 MHz to 2.1GHz while drawing 11.6 mA from 1.5 V supply voltage.
Emerging Themes in Epidemiology Methodological Issues in Estimating Survival in Patients with Multiple Primary Cancers: an Application to Women with Breast Cancer as a First Tumour

Background: Comparing survival of patients with a single tumour and patients with multiple primaries poses different methodological problems. In population based studies, where we cannot rely on detailed clinical information, the issue is disentangling the share of survival probability from the first and second cancer, and their compounded effect. We examined three hypotheses: A) the survival probability since the first tumour does not change with the occurrence of a second tumour; B) the probability of surviving a tumour does not change with the presence of a previous primary; C) the probabilities of surviving two subsequent primary tumours are independent (additivity hypothesis on mortality rates).
MobiSAM: Reflections from a four year case study using technology to increase public participation in local government in South Africa

This paper reflects on a four year evaluation on the use of a mobile platform, MobiSAM, to support increased public participation in local government. It describes the lessons learnt in the design, development and evaluation of the initiative. MobiSAM uses a community based co-design methodology, emphasizing the importance of community’s voices throughout the design and evaluation of the project. Attention is drawn to the education and awareness raising interventions undertaken in order to scaffold the deployment of the system. A discussion of the findings of the project is also provided in order for other actors in the field to learn from MobiSAM’s successes and failures. Special attention is focused on the political stability and communication capacity required to successfully undertake initiatives such as this.
Neurocognitive dysfunction predicts postmortem findings of HIV encephalitis

Objective: To investigate the value of antemortem cognitive functioning in predicting postmortem evidence of HIV encephalitis (HIVE). Methods: Thirty-nine subjects were assessed during life with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and went on to autopsy within 18 months of testing. Cognitive impairment was determined by blind clinical ratings, based on demographically corrected test scores. Presence of HIVE was based on postmortem immunocytochemical detection of the viral protein gp41 or by measurement of HIV RNA by PCR in multiple brain areas as well as by histopathologic evidence such as microgliosis, presence of multinucleated giant cells, and myelin pallor in several brain regions. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of neurocognitive impairment in detecting the occurrence of HIVE were 67 and 92%. Eighteen of 19 subjects with antemortem neurocognitive impairment had evidence of HIV-related brain disease (positive predictive value = 95%). Conclusion: Neuropsychological assessment can help select HIV-positive patients for treatment of CNS disease.
An improved test for linear model validation and order selection using higher order statistics

A frequency-domain, higher order whiteness testing approach to linear model validation and order selection for non-Gaussian signals was proposed in Tugnait (1994). It involves testing for the constancy of the bispectrum of inverse filtered data. In the present paper, an improved implementation of the statistical test used previously is presented. Simulation results show better performance (higher percentage of correct order selection) of the proposed approach with shorter data records when compared with the previous implementation. <<ETX>>
Arsenate Resistance in the Unicellular Marine Diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii

The toxic arsenate ion can behave as a phosphate analog, and this can result in arsenate toxicity especially in areas with elevated arsenate to phosphate ratios like the surface waters of the ocean gyres. In these systems, cellular arsenate resistance strategies would allow phytoplankton to ameliorate the effects of arsenate transport into the cell. Despite the potential coupling between arsenate and phosphate cycling in oligotrophic marine waters, relatively little is known about arsenate resistance in the nitrogen-fixing marine cyanobacteria that are key components of the microbial community in low nutrient systems. The unicellular diazotroph, Crocosphaera watsonii WH8501, was able to grow at reduced rates with arsenate additions up to 30 nM, and estimated arsenate to phosphate ratios of 6:1. The genome of strain WH8501 contains homologs for arsA, arsH, arsB, and arsC, allowing for the reduction of arsenate to arsenite and the pumping of arsenite out of the cell. The short-term addition of arsenate to the growth medium had no effect on nitrogen fixation. However, arsenate addition did result in the up-regulation of the arsB gene with increasing arsenate concentrations, indicating the induction of the arsenate detoxification response. The arsB gene was also up-regulated by phosphorus stress in concert with a gene encoding the high-affinity phosphate binding protein pstS. Both genes were down-regulated when phosphate was re-fed to phosphorus-stressed cells. A field survey of surface water from the low phosphate western North Atlantic detected expression of C. watsonii arsB, suggestive of the potential importance of arsenate resistance strategies in this and perhaps other systems.
Effects of Sodium Polyacrylate and Phytase-Supplemented Diet on Performance and Phosphorus Retention in Chicks

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of addition of sodium polyacrylate (SPA) to a phytase-supplemented diet on the performance and phosphorus (P) retention of chicks. In experiment 1, chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments which were fed from 7 to 21 days of age: i) basal diet (low nonphytate phosphorus (0.23% NPP)); ii) basal with 250 U/kg diet of phytase; iii) as (ii) with 2.5 g/kg diet of SPA; and iv) as (ii) with 5.0 g/kg diet of SPA. In experiment 2, three replicates, each with three chicks, were fed from 7 to 28 days of age the basal diet (0.23% NPP) with supplementation of phytase (0, 300, 600, 900 U/kg diet) and SPA (0, 2.5 g/kg diet) in a 4x2 factorial arrangement. In Experiment 1, feed efficiency was improved and excreted P was 10% less with phytase supplementation. However, the addition of SPA did not affect performance or P excretion. Dietary SPA supplementation to the diets showed significantly higher amounts of P retention, and highest values were observed in chicks fed 2.5 g/kg of the SPA-supplemented diet. In Experiment 2, feed efficiency was improved with phytase supplementation, and the addition of SPA showed significant improvement in feed efficiency. Excreted P was significantly lower in chicks fed SPA-supplemented diets, and the retained P coefficient improved with SPA supplementation. In conclusion, the increased transit time of digesta with suitable supplementation levels of SPA may allow phytase activity to be more effective in the degradation of phytate, and improve P retention.
Incremental fuzzy clustering for document categorization

Incremental clustering has been proposed to handle large datasets which can not fit into memory entirely. Single pass fuzzy c-means (SpFCM) and Online fuzzy c-means (OFCM) are two representative incremental fuzzy clustering methods. Both of them extend the scalability of fuzzy c-means (FCM) by processing the dataset chunk by chunk. However, due to the data sparsity and high-dimensionality, SpFCM and OFCM fail to produce reasonable results for document data. In this study, we work on clustering approaches that take care of both the large-scale and high-dimensionality issues. Specifically, we propose two methods for incrementally clustering of document data. The first method is a modification of the existing FCM-based incremental clustering with a step to normalize the centroids in each iteration, while the other method is incremental clustering, i.e., Single-Pass or Online, with weighted fuzzy co-clustering. We use several benchmark document datasets for experimental study. The experimental results show that the proposed approaches achieved significant improvements over existing SpFCM and OFCM in document clustering.
Coordinated Regulation of Expression of Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 and Flagellar Type III Secretion Systems by ATP-Dependent ClpXP Protease

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium delivers a variety of proteins via the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1)-encoded type III secretion system into host cells, where they elicit several physiological changes, including bacterial invasion, macrophage apoptosis, and enteropathogenesis. Once Salmonella has established a systemic infection, excess macrophage apoptosis would be detrimental to the pathogen, as it utilizes macrophages as vectors for systemic dissemination throughout the host. Therefore, SPI1 expression must be restricted to one or a few specific locations in the host. In the present study, we have demonstrated that the expression of this complex of genes is repressed by the ATP-dependent ClpXP protease, which therefore suppresses macrophage apoptosis. Depletion of ClpXP caused significant increases in the amounts of two SPI1-encoded transcriptional regulators, HilC and HilD, leading to the stimulation of hilA induction and therefore activation of SPI1 expression. Our evidence shows that ClpXP regulates cellular levels of HilC and HilD via the control of flagellar gene expression. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the flagellum-related gene product FliZ controls HilD posttranscriptionally, and this in turn activates HilC. These findings suggest that the ClpXP protease coregulates SPI1-related virulence phenotypes and motility. ClpXP is a member of the stress protein family induced in bacteria exposed to hostile environments such as macrophages.
Evaluating the arcuate fasciculus with combined diffusion‐weighted MRI tractography and electrocorticography

The conventional model of language‐related brain structure describing the arcuate fasciculus as a key white matter tract providing a direct connection between Wernicke's region and Broca's area has been called into question. Specifically, the inferior precentral gyrus, possessing both primary motor (Brodmann Area [BA] 4) and premotor cortex (BA 6), has been identified as a potential alternative termination. The authors initially localized cortical sites involved in language using measurement of event‐related gamma‐activity on electrocorticography (ECoG). The authors then determined whether language‐related sites of the temporal lobe were connected, via white matter structures, to the inferior frontal gyrus more tightly than to the precentral gyrus. The authors found that language‐related sites of the temporal lobe were far more likely to be directly connected to the inferior precentral gyrus through the arcuate fasciculus. Furthermore, tractography was a significant predictor of frontal language‐related ECoG findings. Analysis of an interaction between anatomy and tractography in this model revealed tractrography to have the highest predictive value for language‐related ECoG findings of the precentral gyrus. This study failed to support the conventional model of language‐related brain structure. More feasible models should include the inferior precentral gyrus as a termination of the arcuate fasciculus. The exact functional significance of direct connectivity between temporal language‐related sites and the precentral gyrus requires further study. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2333–2347, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.