Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigation of emotion dynamics in major depressive disorder patients and healthy persons using sparse longitudinal networks

Background Differences in within-person emotion dynamics may be an important source of heterogeneity in depression. To investigate these dynamics, researchers have previously combined multilevel regression analyses with network representations. However, sparse network methods, specifically developed for longitudinal network analyses, have not been applied. Therefore, this study used this approach to investigate population-level and individual-level emotion dynamics in healthy and depressed persons and compared this method with the multilevel approach. Methods Time-series data were collected in pair-matched healthy persons and major depressive disorder (MDD) patients (n = 54). Seven positive affect (PA) and seven negative affect (NA) items were administered electronically at 90 times (30 days; thrice per day). The population-level (healthy vs. MDD) and individual-level time series were analyzed using a sparse longitudinal network model based on vector autoregression. The population-level model was also estimated with a multilevel approach. Effects of different preprocessing steps were evaluated as well. The characteristics of the longitudinal networks were investigated to gain insight into the emotion dynamics. Results In the population-level networks, longitudinal network connectivity was strongest in the healthy group, with nodes showing more and stronger longitudinal associations with each other. Individually estimated networks varied strongly across individuals. Individual variations in network connectivity were unrelated to baseline characteristics (depression status, neuroticism, severity). A multilevel approach applied to the same data showed higher connectivity in the MDD group, which seemed partly related to the preprocessing approach. Conclusions The sparse network approach can be useful for the estimation of networks with multiple nodes, where overparameterization is an issue, and for individual-level networks. However, its current inability to model random effects makes it less useful as a population-level approach in case of large heterogeneity. Different preprocessing strategies appeared to strongly influence the results, complicating inferences about network density.
Mortality displacement in the association of ozone with mortality: an analysis of 48 cities in the United States.

RATIONALE Although the association between mortality and particles is well established, fewer studies have been reported with ozone. The harvesting hypothesis posits that the deaths associated with an exposure are occurring in people who are dying already, and the effect of exposure is merely to move the death from one day to an earlier day, and has no other effects that would influence deaths. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of ozone on mortality, and the extent to which this is due to short-term mortality displacement in 48 U.S. cities between 1989 and 2000. METHODS Time series of mortality and ozone were investigated with a generalized linear model during the June-August months, controlling for season, day of the week, and apparent temperature. We examined an unconstrained and a smooth distributed lag with 21 lags of ozone, and effect modification for city-specific characteristics. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We found a 0.3% (95% confidence interval, 0.2-0.4) increase in total mortality for a 10-ppb increase in 8-hour ozone at lag 0 during summer months. The effect increased to 0.5% (95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.96) when looking at the unconstrained distributed lag. The shape of the distributed lag indicates that all the effect is in the first week. CONCLUSIONS We did not find mortality displacement due to ozone; rather, the effect size estimate when looking at 21 days of ozone was larger than when using a single day's ozone concentration. Therefore, these results indicate that risk assessments using the single day of ozone exposure are likely to underestimate, rather than overestimate, the public health impact.
Low-surface-free-energy materials based on polybenzoxazines.

Unfortunately,theuseoftefloncomeswithcertaindisadvantages,suchasthoseresultingfromits low oil repellence, high cost, and poor processability.Considerable research efforts have therefore been directedtowards the development of nonwettable, low-surface-free-energy polymeric materials that exhibit good film-formingcharacteristics.
Impact of perioperative blood transfusion on clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal liver metastasis after hepatectomy: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Perioperative blood transfusion may be associated with negative clinical outcomes in oncological surgery. A meta-analysis of published studies was conducted to evaluate the impact of blood transfusion on short- and long-term outcomes following liver resection of colorectal liver metastasis (CLM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was performed to identify relevant articles. Data were pooled for meta-analysis using Review Manager version 5.3. RESULTS Twenty-five observational studies containing 10621 patients were subjected to the analysis. Compared with non-transfused patients, transfused patients experienced higher overall morbidity (odds ratio [OR], 1.98; 95% confidence intervals [CI] =1.49-2.33), more major complications (OR, 2.12; 95% CI =1.26-3.58), higher mortality (OR, 4.13; 95% CI =1.96-8.72), and longer length of hospital stay (weighted mean difference, 4.43; 95% CI =1.15-7.69). Transfusion was associated with reduced overall survival (risk ratio [RR], 1.24, 95% CI =1.11-1.38) and disease-free survival (RR, 1.38, 95% CI=1.23-1.56). CONCLUSION Perioperative blood transfusion has a detrimental impact on the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing CLM resection.
Nonlinear ego-motion estimation from optical flow for online control of a quadrotor UAV

For the control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in GPS-denied environments, cameras have been widely exploited as the main sensory modality for addressing the UAV state estimation problem. However, the use of visual information for ego-motion estimation presents several theoretical and practical difficulties, such as data association, occlusions, and lack of direct metric information when exploiting monocular cameras. In this paper, we address these issues by considering a quadrotor UAV equipped with an onboard monocular camera and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). First, we propose a robust ego-motion estimation algorithm for recovering the UAV scaled linear velocity and angular velocity from optical flow by exploiting the so-called continuous homography constraint in the presence of planar scenes. Then, we address the problem of retrieving the (unknown) metric scale by fusing the visual information with measurements from the onboard IMU. To this end, two different estimation strategies are proposed and critically compared: a first exploiting the classical extended Kalman filter (EKF) formulation, and a second one based on a novel nonlinear estimation framework. The main advantage of the latter scheme lies in the possibility of imposing a desired transient response to the estimation error when the camera moves with a constant acceleration norm with respect to the observed plane. We indeed show that, when compared against the EKF on the same trajectory and sensory data, the nonlinear scheme yields considerably superior performance in terms of convergence rate and predictability of the estimation. The paper is then concluded by an extensive experimental validation, including an onboard closed-loop control of a real quadrotor UAV meant to demonstrate the robustness of our approach in real-world conditions.
Cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with frontotemporal dementia.

UNLABELLED Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a dementia syndrome characterized by peculiar behavioral changes arising from frontotemporal involvement and distinct from Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the specific patterns in cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with FTD and to compare them with the patterns in patients with AD and normal elderly subjects using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and PET. METHODS Twenty-one patients with a clinical diagnosis of FTD [mean age 67.0 +/- 7.0 yr, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score 18.7 +/- 5.7], 21 age-, sex- and dementia-severity-matched patients with probable AD (mean age 66.9 +/- 7.1 yr, MMSE score 20.2 +/- 5.5) and 21 age- and sex-matched normal control subjects (mean age 66.8 +/- 5.7 yr) were studied. The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRglc) was measured with FDG and PET. Absolute measures of regional CMRglc were compared among the three groups. One-way ANOVA and the posthoc Tukey HSD test were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS In the FTD group, CMRglc was preserved only in the left cerebellum, right sensorimotor area and occipital lobes. The CMRglc was significantly lower in the FTD group as opposed to the AD group in the hippocampi, orbital gyri, anterior temporal lobes, anterior cingulate gyri, basal ganglia, thalami, middle and superior frontal gyri and left inferior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSION Although metabolic abnormality in FTD is predominant in the frontal and anterior temporal lobes and the subcortical structures, it is more widespread than has been previously stressed. These findings document an FTD-specific cerebral involvement and facilitate differential diagnosis of degenerative dementias.
The Effect of Visual, Spatial and Temporal Manipulations on Embodiment and Action

The feeling of owning and controlling the body relies on the integration and interpretation of sensory input from multiple sources with respect to existing representations of the bodily self. Illusion paradigms involving multisensory manipulations have demonstrated that while the senses of ownership and agency are strongly related, these two components of bodily experience may be dissociable and differentially affected by alterations to sensory input. Importantly, however, much of the current literature has focused on the application of sensory manipulations to external objects or virtual representations of the self that are visually incongruent with the viewer’s own body and which are not part of the existing body representation. The current experiment used MIRAGE-mediated reality to investigate how manipulating the visual, spatial and temporal properties of the participant’s own hand (as opposed to a fake/virtual limb) affected embodiment and action. Participants viewed two representations of their right hand inside a MIRAGE multisensory illusions box with opposing visual (normal or grossly distorted), temporal (synchronous or asynchronous) and spatial (precise real location or false location) manipulations applied to each hand. Subjective experiences of ownership and agency towards each hand were measured alongside an objective measure of perceived hand location using a pointing task. The subjective sense of agency was always anchored to the synchronous hand, regardless of physical appearance and location. Subjective ownership also moved with the synchronous hand, except when both the location and appearance of the synchronous limb were incongruent with that of the real limb. Objective pointing measures displayed a similar pattern, however movement synchrony was not sufficient to drive a complete shift in perceived hand location, indicating a greater reliance on the spatial location of the real hand. The results suggest that while the congruence of self-generated movement is a sufficient driver for the sense of agency, the sense of ownership is additionally sensitive to cues about the visual appearance and spatial location of one’s own body.
Control and maintenance processes in working memory: neuropsychological investigations.

The aim of this thesis was to investigate working memory by investigating performance on an updating task devised to pose variable demands on maintenance and control processes. The task required participants to recall information that was "relevant" according to a given criterion, at the same time inhibiting information that was not relevant to that criterion. Performance on this task was investigated in healthy participants, in order to understand the impact of different loads on maintenance and inhibition processes, and of different stimuli on recall performance and on error production. The predictions tested were that recall performance on the updating task would be affected by both load on maintenance and load on control processes and that the production of errors due to the recall of "to-be-inhibited" information would only be affected by load on control processes. The hypothesis that the central executive component of working memory would be differentially affected by normal aging, dementia of the Alzheimer's type and brain damage affecting the prefrontal lobes was also explored by investigating performance on the updating task in groups with these characteristics. The predictions were that in normal ageing maintenance would be reduced but control processes would be spared, in senile dementia both processes would be impaired and in presence of prefrontal damage only control processes would be affected. Moreover, since the multi-component model of working memory was originally conceived as the basis for complex cognitive abilities such as mental arithmetic, this was also investigated in groups of participants reported in the literature as having problems in these functions as well as in working memory. The findings are discussed in light of the predictions.
Hypochlorite-modified (lipo)proteins are present in rabbit lesions in response to dietary cholesterol.

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme enzyme secreted by activated phagocytes, generates an array of oxidants proposed to play critical roles in host defense, tissues damage, and foam cell formation. Although neutrophils are the major source for MPO, the enzyme could be identified abundantly in circulating monocytes and monocytes/macrophages in rabbit lesions. MPO is the only enzyme known to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and HOCl-modified lipoproteins have pronounced atherogenic and/or proinflammatory features in vivo and in vitro. Using specific monoclonal antibodies, HOCl-modified (lipo)proteins were detected in atherosclerotic plaques of heterozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits and to a lesser extent in a specific strain of New Zealand White rabbits with a high atherosclerotic response to hypercholesterolemia. Colocalization of immunoreactive MPO and HOCl-modified-epitopes in serial sections of rabbit lesions provides convincing evidence for MPO-H2O2-chloride system-mediated oxidation of (lipo)proteins under in vivo conditions. We propose that monocyte-derived MPO could connect chronic inflammatory conditions with arterial lipid/lipoprotein deposition during diet-induced atherogenesis in rabbits.
Pengaruh Model Collaborative Learning terhadap Peningkatan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri se- Gugus I Caturtunggal

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh penerapan model collaborative learning terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA SD Negeri se-Gugus I Caturtunggal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pretest-posttest control design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SD Negeri se-Gugus I Caturtunggal. Sampel ditentukan secara acak untuk dilaksanakan penerapan model collaborative learning. Sampel yang diperoleh adalah siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Caturtunggal 3 sebanyak 29 siswa dan SD Negeri Percobaan 2 sebanyak 30 siswa yang menerapkan model collaborative learning, kelas IV SD Negeri Caturtunggal 1 yang menerapkan model cooperative learning sebanyak 27 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes tertulis, angket, dan observasi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik inferensial MANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model collaborative learning berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar dan motivasi siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA daripada menggunakan model cooperative script. Hasil analisis uji beda hasil belajar siswa antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok eksperimen 1 diperoleh nilai Sig. (2-tailed) 0,002 dengan perbedaan rata-rata sebesar 4,51 yang berarti ada pengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar siswa antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok eksperimen 1. Hasil analisis uji beda motivasi belajar siswa antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok eksperimen diperoleh nilai Sig. (2-tailed) 0,000 dengan perbedaan rata-rata sebesar 4,76 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok eksperimen 1. Adapun Hasil analisis uji beda hasil belajar siswa antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok eksperimen 2 diperoleh nilai Sig. (2-tailed) 0,002 dengan perbedaan rata-rata sebesar 1,19 yang berarti tidak ada pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar siswa antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok eksperimen 1. Hasil analisis uji beda motivasi belajar siswa antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok eksperimen 2 diperoleh nilai Sig. (2-tailed) 0,000 dengan perbedaan rata-rata sebesar 2,68 yang berarti terdapat pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok eksperimen 2. Dari hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model collaborative learning dapat digunakan siswa pada pembelajaran IPA SD untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa.
The Type 2 Secretion Pseudopilin, gspJ, Is Required for Multihost Pathogenicity of Burkholderia cenocepacia AU1054

ABSTRACT Burkholderia cenocepacia AU1054 is an opportunistic pathogen isolated from the blood of a person with cystic fibrosis. AU1054 is a multihost pathogen causing rapid pathogenicity to Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. Within 24 h, AU1054 causes greater than 50% mortality, reduced growth, emaciated body, distended intestinal lumen, rectal swelling, and prolific infection of the nematode intestine. To determine virulence mechanisms, 3,000 transposon mutants were screened for attenuated virulence in nematodes. Fourteen virulence-attenuated mutants were isolated, and the mutant genes were identified. These genes included paaA, previously identified as being required for full virulence of B. cenocepacia K56-2. Six mutants were restored in virulence by complementation with their respective wild-type gene. One of these contained an insertion in gspJ, predicted to encode a pseudopilin component of the type 2 secretion system (T2SS). Nematodes infected with AU1054 gspJ had fewer bacteria present in the intestine than those infected with the wild type but still showed rectal swelling. The gspJ mutant was also defective in pathogenicity to onion and in degradation of polygalacturonic acid and casein. This result differs from previous studies where no or little role was found for T2SS in Burkholderia virulence, although virulence factors such as zinc metalloproteases and polygalacturonase are known to be secreted by the T2SS. This study highlights strain specific differences in B. cenocepacia virulence mechanisms important for understanding what enables environmental microbes to function as opportunistic pathogens.
Grounded Theory in Management Research

Introduction PART ONE: SITUATING THE DISCOVERY OF GROUNDED THEORY Situating the Discovery of Grounded Theory within the Tradition of Qualitative Methods Situating Grounded Theory within Its Philosophical, Sociological and Personal Contexts PART TWO: THE GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH APPROACH Distinguishing Characteristics of Grounded Theories Grounded Theory's Research Operations Evolution of Grounded Theory's Research Operations PART THREE: THE GROUNDED THEORY APPROACH IN MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION STUDIES Grounded Theory in Studies of Management and Organization Writing Grounded Theory
The power of prediction with social media

– Social media provide an impressive amount of data about users and their interactions, thereby offering computer and social scientists, economists, and statisticians – among others – new opportunities for research. Arguably, one of the most interesting lines of work is that of predicting future events and developments from social media data. However, current work is fragmented and lacks of widely accepted evaluation approaches. Moreover, since the first techniques emerged rather recently, little is known about their overall potential, limitations and general applicability to different domains. Therefore, better understanding the predictive power and limitations of social media is of utmost importance. , – Different types of forecasting models and their adaptation to the special circumstances of social media are analyzed and the most representative research conducted up to date is surveyed. Presentations of current research on techniques, methods, and empirical studies aimed at the prediction of future or current events from social media data are provided. , – A taxonomy of prediction models is introduced, along with their relative advantages and the particular scenarios where they have been applied to. The main areas of prediction that have attracted research so far are described, and the main contributions made by the papers in this special issue are summarized. Finally, it is argued that statistical models seem to be the most fruitful approach to apply to make predictions from social media data. , – This special issue raises important questions to be addressed in the field of social media-based prediction and forecasting, fills some gaps in current research, and outlines future lines of work.
Hypersensitivity of the Anesthesia-Induced Comatose Brain

Increasing levels of anesthesia are thought to produce a progressive loss of brain responsiveness to external stimuli. Here, we present the first report of a state window within anesthesia-induced coma, usually associated with an EEG pattern of burst suppression, during which brain excitability is dramatically increased so that even subliminal stimuli elicit bursts of whole-brain activity. We investigated this phenomenon in vivo using intracellular recordings of both neurons and glia, as well as extracellular calcium and EEG recordings. The results indicate that the bursting activity elicited with mechanical microstimulations, but also with auditory and visual stimuli, is dependent on complex mechanisms, including modulation of excitatory (NMDA) components, gap junction transmission, as well as the extracellular calcium concentration. The occurrence of bursting events is associated with a postburst refractory period that underlies the genesis of the alternating burst-suppression pattern. These findings raise the issue of what burst spontaneity during anesthesia-induced coma means and opens new venues for the handling of comatose patients.