Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural characterizations of the chloroplast translocon protein Tic110

Tic110 is a major component of the chloroplast protein import translocon. Two functions with mutually exclusive structures have been proposed for Tic110: a protein-conducting channel with six transmembrane domains and a scaffold with two N-terminal transmembrane domains followed by a large soluble domain for binding transit peptides and other stromal translocon components. To investigate the structure of Tic110, Tic110 from Cyanidioschyzon merolae (CmTic110) was characterized. We constructed three fragments, CmTic110A, CmTic110B and CmTic110C, with increasing N-terminal truncations, to perform small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray crystallography analyses and Dali structural comparison. Here we report the molecular envelope of CmTic110B and CmTic110C determined by SAXS, and the crystal structure of CmTic110C at 4.2 Å. Our data indicate that the C-terminal half of CmTic110 possesses a rod-shaped helix-repeat structure that is too flattened and elongated to be a channel. The structure is most similar to the HEAT-repeat motif that functions as scaffolds for protein–protein interactions.
An Interaction-Based Test Sequence Generation Approach for Testing Web Applications

Web applications often use dynamic pages that interact with each other by accessing shared objects, e.g., session objects. Interactions between dynamic pages need to be carefully tested, as they may give rise to subtle faults that cannot be detected by testing individual pages in isolation. Since it is impractical to test all possible interactions, a trade-off must be made between test coverage (in terms of number of interactions covered in the tests) and test effort. In this paper, we present a test sequence generation approach to cover all pairwise interactions, i.e., interactions between any two pages. Intuitively, if a page P could reach another page Ppsila, there must exist a test sequence in which both P and Ppsila are visited in the given order. We report a test sequence generation algorithm and two case studies in which test sequences are generated to achieve pairwise interaction coverage for two Web applications. The empirical results indicate that our approach achieves good code coverage and is effective for detecting interaction faults in the subject applications.
Intravenous Paracetamol Versus Patient-Controlled Analgesia With Morphine for the Pain Management Following Diagnostic Knee Arthroscopy in Trauma Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Most patients undergoing outpatient surgeries have the unpleasant experience of high level pain after surgery. Compared with open surgeries, arthroscopic procedures are less painful; however, inadequate pain management could be associated with significant concerns. Opioids alone or in combination with local anesthetics are frequently used for diminishing postoperative pain using intravenous or epidural infusion pumps. Despite morphine various disadvantages, it is commonly used for controlling pain after surgery. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare intravenous paracetamol and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine for the pain management following diagnostic knee arthroscopy in trauma patients. Patients and Methods: Sixty trauma patients who were scheduled to undergo knee arthroscopy were randomly divided into two groups. Patients immediately received intravenous infusion of 1 g paracetamol within 15 minutes after surgery and every 6 hours to 24 hours in the paracetamol group. The patient-controlled analgesia group received morphine through PCA infusion pump at 2 mL/h base rate and 1mL bolus every 15 minutes. Pain level, nausea and vomiting, and sedation were measured and recorded during entering the recovery, 15 and 30 minutes after entering the recovery, 2, 6, and 24 hours after starting morphine pump infusion in the morphine and paracetamol in the paracetamol groups. Results: There was no significant difference regarding the pain level at different times after entering the recovery between the two groups. No one from the paracetamol group developed drug complications. However, 22.3% in the PCA morphine suffered from postoperative nausea; there was a statistically significant difference regarding the sedation level, nausea, and vomiting at various times between the two groups. Conclusions: Intravenous administration of paracetamol immediately after knee arthroscopy improved postoperative pain, decreased analgesic administration, maintained stable hemodynamic parameters, had no complications related to opiates, no nausea and vomiting, and increased patient satisfaction and comfort in comparison to PCA with morphine.
A calcimimetic agent lowers plasma parathyroid hormone levels in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

BACKGROUND The calcimimetic agent R-568 lowers plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in hemodialysis patients with mild secondary hyperparathyroidism, but its efficacy in those with more severe secondary hyperparathyroidism has not been studied. METHODS Twenty-one patients undergoing hemodialysis three times per week with plasma PTH levels between 300 and 1200 pg/mL were randomly assigned to 15 days of treatment with either 100 mg of R-568 (N = 16) or placebo (N = 5). Plasma PTH and blood ionized calcium levels were measured at intervals of up to 24 hours after oral doses on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 11, 12, and 15. RESULTS Pretreatment PTH levels were 599 +/- 105 (mean +/- SE) and 600 +/- 90 pg/mL in subjects given R-568 or placebo, respectively, and values on the first day of treatment did not change in those given placebo. In contrast, PTH levels fell by 66 +/- 5%, 78 +/- 3%, and 70 +/- 3% at one, two, and four hours, respectively, after initial doses of R-568, remaining below pretreatment values for 24 hours. Blood ionized calcium levels also decreased after the first dose of R-568 but did not change in patients given placebo. Despite lower ionized calcium concentrations on both the second and third days of treatment, predose PTH levels were 422 +/- 70 and 443 +/- 105 pg/mL, respectively, in patients given R-568, and values fell each day by more than 50% two hours after drug administration. Predose PTH levels declined progressively over the first nine days of treatment with R-568 and remained below pretreatment levels for the duration of study. Serum total and blood ionized calcium concentrations decreased from pretreatment levels in patients given R-568, whereas values were unchanged in those given placebo. Blood ionized calcium levels fell below 1.0 mmol/L in 7 of 16 patients receiving R-568; five patients withdrew from study after developing symptoms of hypocalcemia, whereas three completed treatment after the dose of R-568 was reduced. CONCLUSIONS The calcimimetic R-568 rapidly and markedly lowers plasma PTH levels in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by end-stage renal disease.
Categorical Perception of Speech (VOT) and Analogous Non-Speech (FOT) Signals: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Correlates

Objective: To determine whether voicing perception is influenced primarily by linguistic experience or if it is due to innate temporal sensitivity to voicing boundaries, by examining behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of speech Voice-Onset-Time (VOT) and nonspeech Formant-Onset-Time (FOT) categorical perception. Design: Behavioral measures and auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were obtained from 14 normal-hearing Hebrew speakers, whose voicing distinction is different than English, during identification and discrimination of two sets of stimuli: a VOT continuum, created by editing natural productions of /ba/ and /pa/, and an analogous nonspeech continuum, composed of two synthesized formants, varying in their onset time–FOT. Results: VOT and FOT continua yielded similar behavioral identification curves. Differences between the two stimulus types were found in discrimination of within-category differences and in reaction time effects. During identification and discrimination tasks, ERPs were differently affected by the VOT or FOT value of the stimulus: VOT value had a significant effect on N1 latency and on N1 and P2 amplitudes whereas FOT value had a significant effect on P2 amplitude. Additionally, during identification tasks, whereas all speech signals evoked a P3, regardless of overt categorization, only the perceptually “rare” nonspeech stimulus (+15 msec FOT) evoked a P3. Conclusions: Voicing boundaries corresponded to Hebrew VOT values of production, suggesting that voicing perception in Hebrew is mediated mainly by linguistic experience rather than by innate temporal sensitivity. ERP data differed to VOT versus FOT stimuli as early as N1, indicating that brain processing of the temporal aspects of speech and nonspeech signals differ from their early stages. Further studies to establish the neural response patterns to voicing in speakers of languages that use different voicing categories than English are warranted.
Multi-Pair Two-Way Amplify-and-Forward Relaying with Very Large Number of Relay Antennas

In this paper, we investigate the performance of multi-pair two-way relaying, in which multiple pairs of users exchange information within pair, with the help of a shared relay. Each user has a single antenna, and the relay is equipped with very large number of antennas. The relay adopts the amplify-and-forward protocol, and the beamforming matrixes of maximum-ratio combining/maximum ratio transmission and zero-forcing reception/zero-forcing transmission are both considered. Due to array gain of antenna array, the power of each user or the relay (or both) can be made inversely proportional to the number of relay antennas, without compromising the performance. Thus, three power-scaling schemes are studied. Furthermore, the asymptotic spectral and energy efficiencies of the system are obtained analytically, when the number of relay antennas approaches to infinity. The asymptotic results are beneficial to provide more insightful understandings for the fundamental limits of the very large antenna system, and verified by the Monte-Carlo simulations. The analytical and simulation results reveal that very large antenna arrays in such system can average the small-scale fading, eliminate the inter-pair interference, and reduce the total power consumption.
Fears in the General Population

This study aimed to examine the structure of fears of youth, and its associations with gender, genetic variation of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR), and perceived maternal acceptance/rejection and control, in a population-representative sample. Participants were 453 adolescents and 540 young adults. Fears were assessed by a 18-item Fear Questionnaire, and perceived maternal relationships by the Mother Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire. A structured psychiatric interview was used to assess current and lifetime psychiatric disorders in participants from the older cohort. A principal component analyses indicated 2 components, named Fear/Phobia and Panic/Despair. Females expressed higher level of fears and symptoms of despair regardless of the serotonin transporter genotype. The 5-HTTLPR genotype nevertheless played a role in the association between fears and perceived relationships: in S/S-genotype, more Fear/Phobia was reported by the participants who perceived greater maternal acceptance in combination with strict maternal control, and had a history of psychiatric disorder.
Inducing Crosslingual Distributed Representations of Words

Distributed representations of words have proven extremely useful in numerous natural language processing tasks. Their appeal is that they can help alleviate data sparsity problems common to supervised learning. Methods for inducing these representations require only unlabeled language data, which are plentiful for many natural languages. In this work, we induce distributed representations for a pair of languages jointly. We treat it as a multitask learning problem where each task corresponds to a single word, and task relatedness is derived from co-occurrence statistics in bilingual parallel data. These representations can be used for a number of crosslingual learning tasks, where a learner can be trained on annotations present in one language and applied to test data in another. We show that our representations are informative by using them for crosslingual document classification, where classifiers trained on these representations substantially outperform strong baselines (e.g. machine translation) when applied to a new language.
Job Competency Analyses of Entry-Level Resort and Commercial Recreation Professionals

This study was initiated by the Resort and Commercial Recreation Association (RCRA) in an attempt to determine the feasibility of a national certification program for resort and commercial recreation employees. Current national recreation related certification programs do not adequately address the needs of current commercial recreation employers (Gladwell & Beeler, 1993). A basic question of the job competency analysis were if a basic “core” of entry-level job competencies existed, and if it did could be identified, across the wide spectrum of resort and commercial recreation professional entry-level positions. The objectives of this study were to identify entry-level job competencies for professional members of RCRA; then, rank order the entry-level job competencies, as determined by a Delphi group, according to their importance to entry-level job performance. The Delphi group consisted of RCRA members that represented entry-level, middle management and upper management. Entry-level job competencies were developed through a two-phase research design. First, entry-level job descriptions were collected from RCRA organizations (N=89) and analyzed using Word Cruncher TM , a computerized content analysis program. Lists of 103 job qualifications were identified. Next, the Delphi Technique was initiated to rank-order the job competencies identified in the WordCruncher TM content analysis. The results from the Delphi study, after Job Competencies for Commercial Recreation 3 three rounds, identified nine major competency domains with a total of 52 specific entry-level job competencies. The General Accounting Office (1993a) predicts that skill standards and certification would “help employers identify qualified workers, save money on applicant screening, aid in recruitment and improve public perceptions of firms. ”
Prelimbic to Accumbens Core Pathway Is Recruited in a Dopamine-Dependent Manner to Drive Cued Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking

Glutamate inputs to nucleus accumbens (NAc) facilitate conditioned drug-seeking behavior and primarily originate from medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), basolateral amygdala (BLA), and ventral subiculum of the hippocampus (vSub). These regions express Fos (a marker of neural activity) during cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking, but only subpopulations of neurons within these regions drive drug seeking. One way to identify and functionally distinguish neural subpopulations activated during drug-seeking is to examine their projection targets. In rats, we examined Fos expression during cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine- and sucrose-seeking in prelimbic cortex (PL), infralimbic cortex (IL), BLA, and vSub neurons that project to NAc core (NAcC) or NAc shell (NAcSh). Neurons in PL, BLA, and vSub that project to NAcC, but not NAcSh, expressed Fos during cue-induced cocaine seeking, but not sucrose seeking. However, only activation of the PL-NAcC pathway positively correlated with cocaine reinstatement behavior, unlike BLA or vSub inputs to NAcC. To confirm a functional role for the PL-NAcC pathway, and to test the hypothesis that this pathway is recruited in a dopamine-dependent manner, we used a pharmacological disconnection approach whereby dopamine signaling was blocked in PL and glutamate signaling was blocked in the contralateral NAcC. This disconnection attenuated cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking but had no effect on reinstatement of sucrose seeking. Our results highlight a role for the PL-NAcC pathway in cocaine seeking and show that these glutamatergic projections are recruited in a dopamine-dependent manner to drive reinstatement. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Relapse represents a significant barrier to the successful treatment of cocaine addiction. Here, we characterize the relative activation of glutamatergic inputs to nucleus accumbens during cued reinstatement of cocaine seeking versus sucrose seeking. Prelimbic cortex (PL) projections to nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) uniquely expressed Fos in a manner that positively correlated with cocaine-seeking, but not sucrose-seeking, behavior. Additional functional experiments showed that the PL-NAcC pathway was recruited by drug-associated cues in a dopamine-dependent manner to drive cocaine-seeking, but not sucrose-seeking, behavior. These data highlight PL neurons that project to NAcC, and their regulation by dopamine, as potential targets for therapeutics designed to treat cocaine relapse that do not affect natural reward seeking.
Hypotension and ST depression as a result of disulfiram ethanol reaction

A case report of a 27-year-old man who developed significant hypotension and ischaemic ECG changes as a result of a disulfiram ethanol reaction. He was treated with intravenous fluids and norepinephrine, which has been advocated as the pressor agent of choice. This case highlights the potential dangers of disulfiram, a drug that can be beneficial in the short term, but not proven to improve long-term outcome in the treatment of alcoholism.
Oregon Indigenous Farmworkers: Results of Promotor Intervention on Pesticide Knowledge and Organophosphate Metabolite Levels

Objectives: To examine changes in health beliefs, pesticide safety knowledge, and biomarkers of pesticide exposure in indigenous farmworkers who received enhanced pesticide safety training compared with those receiving the standard training. Methods: Farmworkers in Oregon were randomly assigned to either a promotors pesticide safety training program or a standard video-based training. Spot urine samples were analyzed for dialkyl phosphate urinary metabolites. Pre-/postintervention questionnaires were used to measure pesticide safety knowledge, health beliefs, and work practices. Results: Baseline to follow-up improvements in total pesticide knowledge scores were higher in the promotor group than in the standard video group. Pairwise differences in mean concentrations of dialkyl phosphate metabolite levels showed declines from baseline to follow-up for both intervention groups. Conclusions: Results showed reductions in pesticide exposure in indigenous-language speaking farmworkers who received enhanced pesticide safety training.
An approach to humanizing e-Learning systems

In general, e-learning systems provide with reservoirs of knowledge without giving an adequate support to implement role of a good teacher, which is the key success factor in face to face learning environments. We have exploited a Buddhist philosophical learning model known as Iddhipada, and developed a Software Agent to implement the role of a good teacher into e-learning systems. This Agent guides learners to develop four mental qualities, namely, desire, effort, thoughtfulness and ability to investigate that are required to ensure a good learning session regardless of the subject area. All good teachers effortlessly develop those factors into students. Iddhipada Agent has been developed to run on a Server through which any e-Learner can obtain service for the development of iddhipada to ensure a successful learning session. The current version of the Iddhipada Agent has been tested and encouraging results were obtained.
Butyric acid – a well-known molecule revisited

The properties of butyric acid, and the role it plays in the gastrointestinal tract, have been known for many years. However, the newest research shows that butyric acid still remains a molecule with a potential that has not as yet been fully exploited. The article provides an outline of relevant up-to-date knowledge about butyric acid, and presents the expert position on the clinical benefits of using butyric acid products in the therapy of gastrointestinal diseases.
The geography of women's fear

In March 1988 Deborah Linsley was stabbed to death in an empty train compartment on the Orpington to Victoria line. It is well established in the sociology and criminology literatures of western Europe that women are the gender more fearful of crime and that this is related to women's sense of physical vulnerability to men, particularly to rape and sexual murder, and an awareness of the seriousness and horror of such an experience (Baumer 1978; Riger et al. 1978; Balkin 1979; Gordon et al. 1980; Toseland 1982; Warr 1985; and Stanko 1987). However little has been written about the geography of this fear (Scheppele and Bart 1983). This article considers issues raised by events such as the murder mentioned above and uses my own research conducted in Reading' to explore the relationship between women's fear of male violence and their perception and use of public space. Concern surrounding Deborah Linsley's death raised as many issues about her use of space as about male violence. Deborah was in an isolated public space away from the protection of others, thus allowing a man the opportunity to kill her. In subsequent comments on the murder both the police and the media implied that Deborah was to a certain degree responsible for her own fate by putting herself in such a situation, and warned other women to avoid putting themselves in similar situations of vulnerability. This assumption about women's lack of freedom to be in certain public spaces, at certain times is reflected in comments made by Reading women2.
Dispersion Analysis of Infinite Constellations in Ergodic Fading Channels

This thesis considers infinite constellations in fading channels, without power constraint and with perfect channel state information available at the receiver. Infinite constellations are the framework, proposed by Poltyrev, for analyzing coded modulation codes. The Poltyrev's capacity, is the highest achievable normalized log density (NLD) of codewords per unit volume, at possibly large block length, that guarantees a vanishing error probability. For a given finite block length and a fixed error probability, there is a gap between the highest achievable NLD and Poltyrev's capacity. The dispersion analysis quantifies asymptotically this gap. The thesis begins by the dispersion analysis of infinite constellations in scalar fading channels. Later on, we extend the analysis to the case of multiple input multiple output fading channels. As in other channels, we show that the gap between the highest achievable NLD and the Poltyrev's capacity, vanishes asymptotically as the square root of the channel dispersion over the block length, multiplied by the inverse Q-function of the allowed error probability. Moreover, exact terms for Poltyrev's capacity and channel dispersion, are derived in the thesis. The relations to the amplitude and to the power constrained fading channels are also discussed, especially in terms of capacity, channel dispersion and error exponents. These relations hint that in typical cases the unconstrained model can be interpreted as the limit of the constrained model, when the signal to noise ratio tends to infinity.
Optimal investment with intermediate consumption under no unbounded profit with bounded risk

Abstract We consider the problem of optimal investment with intermediate consumption in a general semimartingale model of an incomplete market, with preferences being represented by a utility stochastic field. We show that the key conclusions of the utility maximization theory hold under the assumptions of no unbounded profit with bounded risk and of the finiteness of both primal and dual value functions.