Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A National Look at Children and Families Entering Early Intervention

The National Early Intervention Longitudinal Study (NEILS) is the first study of Part C of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) early intervention system with a nationally representative sample of infants and toddlers with disabilities. This article presents national estimates of characteristics of infants and toddlers and their families at the time they entered the early intervention (EI) system. The variability in children in EI is marked by high proportions of children from low-income families, ethnic minorities, those in foster care, and males. Nearly one third (32%) are low birth weight, four times the rate in the general population. Infants and toddlers in EI are eight times more likely to be rated as having fair or poor general health. Children enter at all ages across the first 3 years of life, but those eligible because of developmental delays enter as toddlers, in comparison with those eligible because of diagnosed conditions or subject to biological or environmental risk factors, who tend to enter in the first year of life. The variability of the infants and toddlers in EI indicates that there is no typical child in EI.
A sharp threshold for random graphs with a monochromatic triangle in every edge coloring

Let R be the set of all finite graphs G with the Ramsey property that every coloring of the edges of G by two colors yields a monochromatic triangle. In this paper we establish a sharp threshold for random graphs with this property. Let G(n,p) be the random graph on n vertices with edge probability p. We prove that there exists a function b =b(n) = �(1) such that for any " > 0, as n tends to infinity,
Ulcer detection in wireless capsule endoscopy images

The invention of wireless capsule endoscopy greatly helps physician to view small intestine images without causing much pain to patients. It becomes very popular around the world for its usability and performance. However, physician requires a long time (around 45 minutes) to examine a capsule endoscopy video generated from each examination. In this paper, we propose a new image processing method using combination of local features for ulcer detection. The proposed method is developed based on bag-of-words model and feature fusion technique. Image patches are described by LBP and SIFT features. The pyramid bag-of-words is employed to model and represent the images, and SVM classifiers are trained. Finally feature fusion technique is employed to draw a final conclusion. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms single feature methods and existing methods.
Social dynamics of the golden snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana): female transfer and one‐male unit succession

Among primates that form multilevel societies, understanding factors and mechanisms associated with the movement of individuals between groups, clans, and one‐male social units offers important insight into primate reproductive and social strategies. In this research we present data based on an 8‐year field study of a multilevel troop of Sichuan snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the Qinling Mountains of China. Our study troop contained 78–126 individuals, and was usually organized into 6–8 one‐male units (OMU). The majority of OMUs were composed of networks of unrelated females and their offspring. We found that 59.7% (43/72) of subadult and adult females in our study troop transferred between OMUs (n=66) or disappeared (n=7) from the troop. In the majority of cases, two or more females transferred together into new OMUs or troops. In R. roxellana, new OMUs formed in several ways. During 2001–2008, 16 adult males appeared in the study troop. Over this period, we observed 13 different males who became harem leaders either by taking over an existing harem or by attracting females from other OMUs into their harem. We also observed four OMUs from a neighboring troop to successfully immigrate into the study troop. The number of individuals in these newly immigrated OMUs was significantly smaller than that number of individuals in resident OMUs. During harem formation, fighting between adult males was rarely observed, and female mate choice appeared to play a crucial role in harem male recruitment and replacement. These results suggest that golden snub‐nosed monkeys are organized in a nonmatrilineal social system. Female mate choice and possibly incest avoidance appear to play important roles in female transfer, male tenure, and OMU stability. Am. J. Primatol. 71:670–679, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computer‐based reading technology in the classroom: The affective influence of performance contingent point accumulation on 4th grade students

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the number of Accelerated Reader points accumulated by students and their level of self‐efficacy and value of reading. The fourteen week study examined 68 fourth grade students who attended an elementary school in a suburban location near a large Midwestern city. Self‐efficacy and value of reading were assessed using the Motivation to Read Profile (Gambrell, Palmer, Codling, & Mazzoni, 1996). Results of a pre/post‐test administration of the MRP showed the group of children who accumulated the largest number of points reported increases in reading self‐efficacy, while the students in the groups who accumulated fewer than 35 points showed decreases in the same field. All three groups demonstrated decreases in their mean value of reading scores.
A Novel Outer Membrane Protein, Wzi, Is Involved in Surface Assembly of the Escherichia coli K30 Group 1 Capsule

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli group 1 K antigens form a tightly associated capsule structure on the cell surface. Although the general features of the early steps in capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis have been described, little is known about the later stages that culminate in assembly of a capsular structure on the cell surface. Group 1 capsule biosynthesis gene clusters (cps) in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae include a conserved open reading frame, wzi. The wzi gene is the first of a block of four conserved genes (wzi-wza-wzb-wzc) found in all group 1 K-antigen serotypes. Unlike wza, wzb, and wzc homologs that are found in gene clusters responsible for production of exopolysaccharides (i.e., predominantly cell-free polymer) in a range of bacteria, wzi is found only in systems that assemble capsular polysaccharides. The predicted Wzi protein shows no similarity to any other known proteins in the databases, but computer analysis of Wzi predicted a cleavable signal sequence. Wzi was expressed with a C-terminal hexahistidine tag, purified, and used for the production of specific antibodies that facilitated localization of Wzi to the outer membrane. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicates that Wzi consists primarily of a β-barrel structure, and dynamic light scattering studies established that the protein behaves as a monomer in solution. A nonpolar wzi chromosomal mutant retained a mucoid phenotype and remained sensitive to lysis by a K30-specific bacteriophage. However, the mutant showed a significant reduction in cell-bound polymer, with a corresponding increase in cell-free material. Furthermore, examination of the mutant by electron microscopy showed that it lacked a coherent capsule structure. It is proposed that the Wzi protein plays a late role in capsule assembly, perhaps in the process that links high-molecular-weight capsule to the cell surface.
A Short List of Universal Moral Values

There may be virtual worldwide consensus on a few universal moral values like the Golden Rule. In this article, the authors argue that diversity and universality can coexist within the human community. Toward that goal, they construct a short list of universal moral values. Validation of these values is based on nomination by their frequent citation in previously published lists and endorsement by most of the major world religions and well-known secular organizations (i.e., the United Nations). Implications for counseling are discussed. There is a universal moral law written on the human heart. (Pope John Paul II, as cited by Moody, 1995, p. 82)
A Machine Learning Approach to Musical Style Recognition

Much of the work on perception and understanding of music by computers has focused on low-level perceptual features such as pitch and tempo. Our work demonstrates that machine learning can be used to build effective style classifiers for interactive performance systems. We also present an analysis explaining why these techniques work so well when hand-coded approaches have consistently failed. We also describe a reliable real-time performance style classifier.
Feelings, Brain and Prevention of Corruption

In this paper we propose an answer for the question: why, sometimes, people don’t perceive corruption as a crime? To answer this question we use a neurological and a psychological concept. As humans, we experience our emotions and feelings in first person, but the neuropsychological mechanism known as “mirror neurons” makes possible to simulate emotions and feelings of others. It means that our emotions and feelings are linked with emotions and feelings of others. When mirror areas in the brain are activated we can understand and simulate in first person the actions, emotions and feelings of people. Because of these areas, the observer’s brain acts “as if” it was experiencing the same action or the same feeling that is perceived. Each organism establishes causal relations to understand, manipulate and move in the world. Causal relations can be classified as simple or complex. In a simple causal relation, cause and effect are close in space and time. When cause and effect are not close in space and time, the causal relation is complex. When perceiving or committing homicide, a simple causal relation is enough for identifying a victim, but when perceiving or committing a public corruption crime, a complex causal relation must be established for identifying a victim. When seeing someone committing bribe there is no an evident victim. If persons can’t identify victims of public corruption crimes, then they will not generate empathy feelings. When a victim is not identified and perceived, there is no reason for thinking that harm is being inflicted and mirror areas in the brain are not activated.
The questionable promise of social media for education: connective learning and the commercial imperative

Facebook and other social media have been hailed as delivering the promise of new, socially engaged educational experiences for students in undergraduate, self-directed, and other educational sectors. A theoretical and historical analysis of these media in the light of earlier media transformations, however, helps to situate and qualify this promise. Specifically, the analysis of dominant social media presented here questions whether social media platforms satisfy a crucial component of learning – fostering the capacity for debate and disagreement. By using the analytical frame of media theorist Raymond Williams, with its emphasis on the influence of advertising in the content and form of television, we weigh the conditions of dominant social networking sites as constraints for debate and therefore learning. Accordingly, we propose an update to Williams' erudite work that is in keeping with our findings. Williams' critique focuses on the structural characteristics of sequence, rhythm, and flow of television as a cultural form. Our critique proposes the terms information design, architecture, and above all algorithm, as structural characteristics that similarly apply to the related but contemporary cultural form of social networking services. Illustrating the ongoing salience of media theory and history for research in e-learning, the article updates Williams' work while leveraging it in a critical discussion of the suitability of commercial social media for education. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Lowe is a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC)-funded postdoctoral research fellow in media studies at the New Media Studies Research Centre, TRU, Canada. Lowe recently completed an SSHRCC and British Council ORS-funded PhD at the Institute for Cultural Research, Lancaster University, UK. )
Switch strategies in antiretroviral therapy regimens

Despite great advances in antiretroviral therapy in the last decade, several limitations still remain such as adverse effects, lack of adherence and drug–drug interactions. Switching antiretroviral therapy in stable, virologically suppressed patients with the aim of improving tolerability and convenience is an expanding strategy in clinical practice. Several factors need to be taken into consideration when switching a suppressive regimen, such as previous virologic failure, genetic barrier of the new regimen, prior duration of virologic suppression and expected level of adherence. The most frequently used strategies include reductions in the number of pills, drugs or doses. Although switching strategies may be useful, not all the regimens used in clinical practice are based on data from randomized clinical trials and some may not be the best option for certain patients; therefore, therapy should be individualized taking into consideration available information as well as patient and drug characteristics.
Dissociation and the fragmentary nature of traumatic memories: overview and exploratory study.

Since trauma arises from an inescapable stressful event that overwhelms people's coping mechanisms, it is uncertain to what degree the results of laboratory studies of ordinary events are relevant to the understanding of traumatic memories. This paper reviews the literature on differences between recollections of stressful and of traumatic events. It then reviews the evidence implicating dissociation as the central pathogenic mechanism that gives rise to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A systematic exploratory study of 46 subjects with PTSD indicated that traumatic memories were retrieved, at least initially, in the form of dissociated mental imprints of sensory and affective elements of the traumatic experience: as visual, olfactory, affective, auditory, and kinesthetic experiences. Over time, subjects reported the gradual emergence of a personal narrative that can be properly referred to as "explicit memory. " The implications of these findings for understanding the nature of traumatic memories are discussed.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL, KEPUASAN KERJA, DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR PADA WARUNG MINA PEGUYANGAN

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment on organizational citizenship behavior in Warung Mina Peguyangan. This study uses a quantitative research using surveys and questionnaires to 66 employees Warung Mina Peguyangan. Data analysis techniques used in this research is multiple linear regression. Obtained findings that simultaneous variables of transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment significantly influence variables on employee organizational citizenship behavior Warung Mina Peguyangan. Second, partial, variable transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment and significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior in employees Warung Mina Peguyangan. Finally, the variables of organizational commitment (X3) is a variable that has the most impact on employee organizational citizenship behavior Warung Mina Peguyangan.
Evaluation of the Implementation of the Single Assessment Process and its Impact on Occupational Therapy Practice

Ballinger (2002) stated that the single assessment process for older people presented occupational therapists with the opportunity to examine professional practice. This study, carried out during the early stages of the implementation, surveyed 54 senior I occupational therapists across health and social care within one city with the aim of grasping this opportunity. A 58% return of the total surveyed was achieved. Questionnaires were analysed using basic descriptive data analysis, concept mapping, thematic analysis and organisational model analysis. Themes upon which future improvements and research could be based were then generated. A picture of inconsistency between occupational therapy services emerged. Primary care therapists demonstrated the most client-centred practices, adhering more closely to the process principles and professional standards of practice. Social services therapists provided the lowest response rate and highlighted a number of key practice issues. Time issues, a lack of information technology, and frustration with and resistance to the changes inherent in the implementation indicated some therapists' disengagement with the process. Multidisciplinary team issues were highlighted by therapists working in integrated services. The therapists generated a wide range of strategies with which to improve the implementation of the single assessment process, including a more corporate approach to occupational therapy implementation.
Media Bias and Influence: Evidence from Newspaper Endorsements

This paper investigates the relationship between media bias and the inuence of the media on voting in the context of newspaper endorsements. Werst develop a simple econometric model in which voters choose candidates under uncertainty and rely on endorsements from better informed sources. Newspapers are potentially biased in favor of one of the candidates and voters thus rationally ac- count for the credibility of any endorsements. Our primary empiricalnding is that endorsements are inuential in the sense that voters are more likely to support the recommended candidate after publication of the endorsement. The degree of this inuence, however, depends upon the credibility of the endorsement. In this way, endorsements for the Democratic candidate from left-leaning news- papers are less inuential than are endorsements from neutral or right-leaning or newspapers and likewise for endorsements for the Republican. Thesendings suggest that voters do rely on the media for information during campaigns but that the extent of this reliance depends upon the degree and direction of any bias.
Efectos de direccionalidad en condicionales

Two experiments showed that the degree of difficulty of conditionals (conditionals with one premise versus conditionals with two premises) produces different kinds of directional effect. In experiment 1, where the difficulty was low, there was a directional effect for the conditional “if p, then q”: participants select more forward (from p to q) than backward inferences (from q to p). In experiment 2, where the difficulty was high, there was a forward directional effect for the conditionals “if p, then q”, a backward directional effect for the conditional “only if q” and no directional effects for the conditional “p if q”. We propose that the directional effects in these conditionals are a result of application of the principle of “first mention” (Gernsbacher, 1990) and of the “Hypothesis of the hypothetical value” (Evans, 1993; Grosset and Barrouillet, 2003).
Degraded Work, Declining Community, Rising Inequality, and the Transformation of the Protestant Ethic in America: 1870–1930

The Protestant ethic has been depicted as declining in America between 1870 and 1930, due to new affordable consumer durables and less rewarding industrial work. This article re-examines this period and finds that the Protestant ethic did not so much decline as become transformed. The work ethic component remained in force, while abstemious consumer behavior weakened. This transformation is traced to three dynamic social forces of the period: Degradation in the quality of work, the decline of community, and a dramatic increase in inequality. Industrialization degraded work as craft industries and independent farming waned, thereby making it more difficult for others to know the quality and intensity of ones work. However, the amount one consumed could serve as a proxy for hard work. Consequently, social respect and social standing came increasingly to be sought through consumption. Industrialization-driven urbanization also made it more difficult to find social certification not only in work but also in community. Growing inequality over this period prompted individuals to save less and become more indebted so as to be able to consume at the higher level necessary for maintaining their relative social standing. The durable goods revolution, although technologically driven, was also fueled by the degradation of labor, the decline of community, and rising inequality.
Impact of Alcohol Dependency on Oral Health - A Cross-sectional Comparative Study.

INTRODUCTION Alcoholism is a chronic and progressive psychiatric illness characterised by a loss of control over alcohol consumption. Consumption of alcohol inevitably affects the oral cavity, oral mucosa and teeth. Literature indicates that alcohol dependents may have increased risk of dental caries, probing pocket depth and mucosal lesions. AIM To assess the impact of alcohol dependency on oral health status among alcoholics in comparison with non alcoholics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total 76 alcoholic patients visiting Psychiatric Department were compared with matched non alcoholics. Subjects were categorised as alcohol dependents based on American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria. Non alcoholic subjects were selected by controlling for potentially confounding variables such as for cigarette, smoking and age. Data was collected by interview and clinical examination. Oral health status of subjects was assessed using a modified WHO proforma and salivary pH and plaque pH were assessed. Chi-square test was used for assessing socio demographic details and Mann-whitney U test was used for prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases, Unpaired t-test was used for plaque and salivary pH. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference noted among alcoholic and nonalcoholic control group with respect to socio demographic details. Prevalence of dental caries was higher in alcohol dependent subjects with a mean DMFT of 5.92 compared to nonalcoholic subjects (4.51). Prevalence of periodontitis was higher (89.61%) in alcohol dependent subjects compared to controls (78.67%). Prevalence of mucosal lesions among alcohol dependent subjects was 31.5% which was higher than the controls (25%). Subjects who were categorised as alcoholics showed a lower plaque and salivary pH compared to non alcoholics. CONCLUSION Subjects categorised as alcohol dependent subjects had slightly lower mean plaque and salivary pH and a higher prevalence of dental caries, periodontitis and mucosal lesions compared with non alcoholic subjects.