Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Buprenorphine treatment of opioid dependence: A review.

Buprenorphine, a partial mu-agonist opioid, is a promising pharmacotherapy for the treatment of opioid dependence. One hundred and eight papers are organized according to 3 components essential to buprenorphine's use as a pharmacotherapy for opioid dependence: inducting patients onto buprenorphine, maintaining patients on buprenorphine, and discontinuing patients from buprenorphine treatment. The research suggests that inducting patients onto buprenorphine should lead to limited discomfort if appropriate procedures are followed. As a maintenance treatment, buprenorphine is as efficacious as methadone, blocks the effects of exogenously administered opioids, promotes treatment compliance, and, importantly, can support an alternateday dosing regimen by doubling the daily dose. Discontinuing buprenorphine treatment appears to result in a mild-to-moderate opioid withdrawal syndrome that is less severe than that observed with full-efficacy agonists.
INDIVIDUAL DOSE RECONSTRUCTION AMONG RESIDENTS LIVING IN THE VICINITY OF THE SEMIPALATINSK NUCLEAR TEST SITE USING EPR SPECTROSCOPY OF TOOTH ENAMEL

Individual accumulated doses were determined by EPR spectroscopy of tooth enamel for 26 adult persons residing in territories adjacent to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS). The absorbed dose values due to radiation from nuclear tests were obtained after subtracting the contribution of natural background radiation from the total accumulated dose. The determined dose values ranged up to 250 mGy, except for one person from Semipalatinsk city with a measured dose of 2.8 ± 0.4 Gy. Increased dose values were determined for the individuals whose teeth were formed before 1962, the end of the atmospheric nuclear tests. These values were found to be significantly larger than those obtained for a group of younger residents of heavily exposed territories and the residents of territories not exposed to radioactive fallout. These increased dose values are consistent with those based on officially registered data for the Northeastern part of Kazakstan adjacent to SNTS, which was exposed to high levels of radioactive fallout from nuclear tests in period 1949–1962.
WINNING MEDALS AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES – DOES CROATIA HAVE ANY CHANCE?

As the Olympic Games developed and their popularity and relevance grew, winning medals also became important and a matter of national and political prestige. Despite the International Olympic Committee’s refusal to recognize country rankings by medals, the medal table is updated on a regular basis and plays a dominant role in media coverage and public interest (Rathke & Woitek, 2007). This has led researchers to explore the socio-economic, cultural and geographic background of Olympic achievements. The aim of this paper was to review the current state of the research on factors that influence national Olympic Games success. The majority of studies consider variables like: population size, GDP and GDP per capita, hosting or neighbouring country advantage, political system, sports system, health expenditure per capita, climate, etc., as factors that potentially have impact on a country’s medal count. The research has shown that the economic factor, mainly GDP per capita, and political system have a statistically significant influence on the explanation of the numbers of medals won by a certain country at the Olympic Games, but the influence of population size was not confirmed. Keeping in mind the mentioned factors, it is unlikely for Croatia to increase significantly its number of Olympic medals in the future.
Community Placement for Persons with Significant Cognitive Challenges: An Outcome Analysis

Outcome indices were compared across groups of individuals who either remained in institutional settings or transferred from an institutional setting to various community living arrangements. All individuals included in the analysis had been labeled as having profound mental retardation. The community group exceeded or matched institution groups with respect to service hours, community integration, and adaptive behavior. Greater productivity, in terms of vocational activity, was noted in the two institution settings. Persons in the community had slightly greater difficulty in obtaining medical services. Nonmedical unmet needs were greater in the community programs.
Enlarging Educational Opportunity: Summer-semester provision in UK higher education

This paper reviews the University of Luton's experience with operating a summer semester as an integral part of its teaching year. The paper takes the form of a case study, locating the university's experience within the context of other United Kingdom institutions' summer teaching initiatives and drawing some tentative sector-wide implications. The paper examines, first, whether a market demand exists for higher education delivered in the summer from students who would not otherwise participate. Second, it explores whether summer-semester provision can be offered to students with no loss of educational quality and at no compromise to academic standards. Finally, it asks whether a change of culture can be engendered, encouraging staff to regard summer-semester programmes as an integral part of their responsibilities. Luton's experience with the summer-semester project is significant in the light of the British government's policy that the age participation rate in higher education should rise to 50%, and the continuing downward pressures on funding. Teaching over the summer is, potentially, one of the ways in which resources can be released to help meet the government's widening participation target.
First‐trimester assessment of placenta function and the prediction of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction

Preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are major contributors to perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Both are characterized by impaired trophoblastic invasion of the maternal spiral arteries and their conversion from narrow muscular vessels to wide non‐muscular channels. Despite improvement in the understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions, ability to accurately identify pregnant woman who will develop them is limited. This greatly impairs the development and testing of preventive interventions. While different measures of placental dysfunction have been associated with increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, the ability of any single one to accurately predict these outcomes is poor. Developing predictive tests is further challenged by difficulty in the timing of the measurements, as both the structural and biochemical characteristics of the placenta change with increasing gestational age. The ideal screening test would accurately predict the development of adverse pregnancy outcomes early enough to provide a window for preventive interventions. Improvement in ultrasound technology provides potentially useful novel tools for evaluating placental structure, but measuresments need to be standardized in order to be useful. Maternal serum analyte screening is a noninvasive test of placental biochemical function, but present serum marker alone is not sufficiently accurate to suggest its routine use in clinical practice. The use of first trimester biochemical markers in combination with uterine artery Doppler screening is promising as a potential screening tool. Prospective longitudinal studies using standardized methodology are necessary to further evaluate the choice of parameters and strategies of combination to achieve the best predictive models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioral Impact of Drivers' Roles in Automated Driving

This study explores the effects of minor changes in automation level on drivers' engagement in secondary activities. Three levels of automation were tested: manual, semi-autonomous, and fully-autonomous. Potential distractor items were present and participants were instructed they could use them if they felt it was safe. Hand positions and engagement in secondary activities were manually coded. Participants were significantly less likely to engage in a secondary activity in semi-autonomous than fully-autonomous mode. Likewise, they were significantly less likely to use two hands to interact with a secondary activity in semi-autonomous mode than fully-autonomous mode. Gaze classification for each of the driver roles revealed that increasing levels of automation resulted in an increasing percentage of off-road glance durations. These observations suggest that in the event of automation failures, a driver in semi-autonomous driving may be in a somewhat better position to retake control and avoid collisions than during fully autonomous driving.
Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Response Conflict : Effects of Frequency , Inhibition and Errors

control by monitoring for the occurrence of response conflict (i.e. simultaneous activation of incompatible response tendencies). Low-frequency responding might provide a minimal condition for eliciting such conflict, as a result of the need to overcome a prepotent response tendency. We predicted that ACC would be selectively engaged during low-frequency responding, irrespective of the specific task situation. To test this hypothesis, we examined ACC activity during the performance of simple choice-discrimination tasks, using rapid event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects were scanned while performing three tasks thought to tap different cognitive processes: ‘Go/No-go’ (response inhibition), ‘oddball’ (target detection), and two-alternative forcedchoice (response selection). Separate conditions manipulated the frequency of relevant task events. Consistent with our hypothesis, the same ACC region was equally responsive to low-frequency events across all three tasks, but did not show differential responding when events occurred with equal frequency. Subregions of the ACC were also identified that showed heightened activity during the response inhibition condition, and on trials in which errors were committed. Task-sensitive activity was also found in right prefrontal and parietal cortex (response inhibition), left superior temporal and tempoparietal cortex (target detection), and supplementary motor area (response selection). Taken together, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that the ACC serves as a generic detector of processing conflict arising when low-frequency responses must be executed, but also leave open the possibility that further functional specialization may occur within ACC subregions.
The afterglow of construct accessibility: The behavioral consequences of priming men to view women as sexual objects

Abstract The hypothesis that temporary and chronic construct accessibility effects may independently influence cognitive and behavioral reactions was examined. Male subjects blocked on the Likelihood to Sexually Harass (LSH) scale (Pryor, 1987) were randomly assigned to priming condition (control vs facilitation of the category, women as sexual objects ). On a lexical decision task, as predicted, primed subjects responded faster to sexist words than did control subjects. In addition, they were slower to recognize nonsexist words pertaining to women than were controls. All subjects subsequently interviewed a female confederate job applicant under high or low power conditions. The power manipulation, the priming manipulation, and the individual difference measure proved to be associated with subjects′ (1) stereotyped information acquisition during the interview and (2) sexualized behavior during the interview. In addition, both the priming manipulation and the dispositional measure were associated with sex-typed evaluations of the confederate. The findings are supportive of an additive versus an interactive model, whereby either chronic or temporary construct accessibility may be sufficient to produce sex discriminatory behavior.
Revision history: Translation trends in Wikipedia

Wikipedia is a well-known example of a website with content developed entirely through crowdsourcing. It has over 4 million articles in English alone, and content in 284 other language versions. While the articles in the different versions are often written directly in the respective target-language, translations also take place. Given that a previous study suggested that many of English Wikipedia's translators had neither formal training in translation nor professional work experience as translators, it is worth examining the quality of the translations produced. This paper uses Mossop's taxonomy of editing and revising procedures to explore a corpus of translated Wikipedia articles to determine how often transfer and language/style problems are present in these translations and assess how these problems are addressed.
Conceptions of woodwind students regarding the process of learning a piece of music

The way in which students and teachers conceive the nature of knowledge and its acquisition has been deeply investigated in recent decades since these conceptions underlie teaching and learning processes themselves. In this study, we analysed how woodwind students from different levels of expertise conceive the process of learning a musical piece. As in previous studies about learning processes in music, we divide it into three stages: the beginning (first sessions of study of the new piece), the middle of the process (the student continues practising) and the end (the sessions before the performance). Sixty-eight Spanish woodwind students from three different levels of instruction completed an open-ended questionnaire. A statistical analysis of textual data was applied to the responses, in order to identify lexical differences among groups of participants about their learning conceptions. Statistically significant lexical differences were found for the variable ‘Level’, and three lexical groups were identified for each stage of learning, corresponding to the three levels. Elementary students held a conception of learning in which there is a linear relationship between conditions (amount of practice time, repetition) and outcomes (mainly related to notational elements), giving a small presence to the learner’s agency. Intermediate students began to consider the internal structure of the piece and its expressive function, and they particularly emphasised mental processes involved in learning. Advanced students suggested activities requiring a greater degree of autonomy and reflection, considering the piece as an element for the performer’s expression. Changes in goals and activities mentioned for the different stages of learning were also identified for each level. Results suggest that as level of instruction progress, it becomes more probable to find more sophisticated conceptions, which is consistent with previous research in several knowledge domains. Implications for education are discussed.
Blade design trade-offs using low-lift airfoils for stall-regulated HAWTs

A systematic blade design study was conducted to explore the trade-offs in using low-lift airfoils for a 750-kilowatt stall-regulated wind turbine. Tip-region airfoils having a maximum lift coefficient ranging from 0.7-1.2 were considered in this study, with the main objective of identifying the practical lower limit for the maximum lift coefficient. Blades were optimized for both maximum annual energy production and minimum cost of energy using a method that takes into account aerodynamic and structural considerations. The results indicate that reducing the maximum lift coefficient below the upper limit considered in this study increases the cost of energy independently of the wind regime. As a consequence, higher maximum lift coefficient airfoils for the tip-region of the blade become more desirable as machine size increases, as long as they provide gentle stall characteristics. The conclusions are applicable to large wind turbines that use passive or active stall to regulate peak power.
Coordination of Cell Proliferation and Cell Fate Determination by CES-1 Snail

The coordination of cell proliferation and cell fate determination is critical during development but the mechanisms through which this is accomplished are unclear. We present evidence that the Snail-related transcription factor CES-1 of Caenorhabditis elegans coordinates these processes in a specific cell lineage. CES-1 can cause loss of cell polarity in the NSM neuroblast. By repressing the transcription of the BH3-only gene egl-1, CES-1 can also suppress apoptosis in the daughters of the NSM neuroblasts. We now demonstrate that CES-1 also affects cell cycle progression in this lineage. Specifically, we found that CES-1 can repress the transcription of the cdc-25.2 gene, which encodes a Cdc25-like phosphatase, thereby enhancing the block in NSM neuroblast division caused by the partial loss of cya-1, which encodes Cyclin A. Our results indicate that CDC-25.2 and CYA-1 control specific cell divisions and that the over-expression of the ces-1 gene leads to incorrect regulation of this functional ‘module’. Finally, we provide evidence that dnj-11 MIDA1 not only regulate CES-1 activity in the context of cell polarity and apoptosis but also in the context of cell cycle progression. In mammals, the over-expression of Snail-related genes has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Our findings support the notion that the oncogenic potential of Snail-related transcription factors lies in their capability to, simultaneously, affect cell cycle progression, cell polarity and apoptosis and, hence, the coordination of cell proliferation and cell fate determination.
A Review of Lesbian Depression and Anxiety

SUMMARY The Surgeon General's first report on mental health identified depression and anxiety as significant mental health issues that disproportionately affect women. Research indicates that lesbians experience depression at rates that parallel those of the general female population, suggesting that depression is an important mental health issue for lesbians. Given the high rate of comorbidity between depression and anxiety disorders, it is likely that many depressed lesbians have struggled with problems related to anxiety as well. This paper reviews literature pertaining to lesbians and depression including incidence rates, risk factors, suicidality and treatment approaches, and stress and anxiety that may also contribute to the experience of depression among lesbians.
Self Concept and Nigerian Teacher-Trainees' Attitude Toward Teaching.

Summary The declining quality of education is becoming a global concern. Teachers, no doubt, have been accused of poor attitude to work. How many teachers have dedication to the profession we do not know. This study examines self‐concept and teacher trainees attitude to the profession and found a convincing number of ‘false positive’ teachers in a teacher training college in Nigeria. Implications for teaching and quality of work done by such teachers were discussed.
Testing Behling and McFillen’s Syncretical Model of Charismatic Transformational Leadership

This study examines charismatic transformational leadership behaviors, follower beliefs, and organizational commitment. It tests the mediational relationships hypothesized by Behling and McFillen’s Syncretical Model of Charismatic Transformational Leadership. Self-report questionnaires were completed by 178 followers, relating to 29 leaders in 17 organizations. Mediational analyses found that the follower beliefs of awe and inspiration mediated the effect of charismatic transformational leader behaviors on commitment, although not in the pattern predicted by Behling and McFillen. A structural equation model suggested that awe and inspiration, but not empowerment, mediated the effect of leader behaviors on commitment, with leader behaviors being most strongly related to the follower belief of awe, and commitment being most strongly related to the follower belief of inspiration.
Beyond being proactive: what (else) matters for career self‐management behaviors?

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the relationship between proactive personality and career self‐management behaviors (job mobility preparedness and developmental feedback‐seeking behaviors), providing evidence for one mediator (career resilience) and one moderator (public self‐consciousness) on this relationship.Design/methodology/approach – Data from 127 employees in one work organization, analyzed using regression analysis.Findings – Proactive personality is positively related to career self‐management behaviors. Career resilience mediates this relationship. In addition, proactive personality and public self‐consciousness have an interactive effect, with developmental feedback‐seeking behaviors as the outcome.Research limitations/implications – Despite the cross‐sectional nature of the study, the findings uncover mechanisms through which proactive personality is related to career self‐management behaviors. According to the findings, this relationship is subject to important intervening (career r.
Respiratory Failure Due to Differentiation Arrest and Expansion of Alveolar Cells following Lung-Specific Loss of the Transcription Factor C/EBPα in Mice

ABSTRACT The leucine zipper family transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation in various cell types. In this study, we show, using a lung-specific conditional mouse model of C/EBPα deletion, that loss of C/EBPα in the respiratory epithelium leads to respiratory failure at birth due to an arrest in the type II alveolar cell differentiation program. This differentiation arrest results in the lack of type I alveolar cells and differentiated surfactant-secreting type II alveolar cells. In addition to showing a block in type II cell differentiation, the neonatal lungs display increased numbers of proliferating cells and decreased numbers of apoptotic cells, leading to epithelial expansion and loss of airspace. Consistent with the phenotype observed, genes associated with alveolar maturation, survival, and proliferation were differentially expressed. Taken together, these results identify C/EBPα as a master regulator of airway epithelial maturation and suggest that the loss of C/EBPα could also be an important event in the multistep process of lung tumorigenesis. Furthermore, this study indicates that exploring the C/EBPα pathway might have therapeutic benefits for patients with respiratory distress syndromes.
Sevoflurane: an ideal agent for adult day‐case anesthesia?

Sevoflurane has several properties which make it potentially useful as a day case anaesthetic. Following induction of anaesthesia with propofol, awakening from sevoflurane is faster compared to isoflurane, faster or similar compared to propofol and comparable (in the majority of studies) to desflurane. Subsequent recovery and discharge is generally similar following all agents. Sevoflurane may also be used to induce anaesthesia, which is generally well‐received and causes less hypotension and apnoea compared to propofol.