Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inner Attention based Recurrent Neural Networks for Answer Selection

Attention based recurrent neural networks have shown advantages in representing natural language sentences (Hermann et al., 2015; Rockt¨aschel et al., 2015; Tan et al., 2015). Based on recurrent neural networks (RNN), external attention information was added to hidden representations to get an attentive sentence representation. Despite the improvement over non-attentive models, the attention mechanism under RNN is not well studied. In this work, we analyze the deﬁciency of traditional attention based RNN models quantitatively and qualitatively. Then we present three new RNN models that add attention information before RNN hidden representation, which shows advantage in representing sentence and achieves new state-of-art results in answer selection task.
Classification, clinical features, and genetics of neural tube defects

Neural tube defects (NTDs) constitute a major health burden (0.5-2/1000 pregnancies worldwide), and remain a preventable cause of still birth, neonatal, and infant death, or significant lifelong handicaps. The malformations result from failure of the neural folds to fuse in the midline, and form the neural tube between the third and the fourth week of embryonic development. This review article discusses their classification, clinical features, and genetics. Most NTDs are sporadic and both genetic, and non-genetic environmental factors are involved in its etiology. Consanguinity was suggested to contribute to the high incidence of NTDs in several countries, including Saudi Arabia. Syndromes, often associated with chromosomal anomalies, account for <10% of all NTDs; but a higher proportion (20%) has been documented in Saudi Arabia. Genetic predisposition constitutes the major underlying risk factor, with a strong implication of genes that regulate folate one-carbon metabolism and planar cell polarity.
Filtrations of dc-weak eigenforms

The notions of strong, weak and dc-weak eigenforms mod $p^n$ was introduced and studied by Chen, Kiming and Wiese. In this work, we prove that there can be no uniform weight bound (that is, depending only on $p$, $n$) on dc-weak eigenforms mod $p^n$ of fixed level when $n \geq 2$. This is in contrast with the result of Kiming, Rustom and Wiese which establishes a uniform weight bound on strong eigenforms mod $p^n$. As a step towards studying weights bounds for weak eigenforms mod $p^n$, we provide a criterion which allows us to detect whether a given dc-weak eigenform mod $p^n$ is weak.
Foxp2 Mediates Sex Differences in Ultrasonic Vocalization by Rat Pups and Directs Order of Maternal Retrieval

The FOXP2 gene is central to acquisition of speech and language in humans and vocal production in birds and mammals. Rodents communicate via ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) and newborn pups emit distress USVs when separated from their dam, thereby facilitating their retrieval. We observed that isolated male rat pups emitted substantially more USV calls and these were characterized by a significantly lower frequency and amplitude compared with female rat pups. Moreover, the dam was more likely to first retrieve male pups back to the nest, then females. The amount of Foxp2 protein was significantly higher in multiple regions of the developing male brain compared with females and a reduction of brain Foxp2 by siRNA eliminated the sex differences in USVs and altered the order of pup retrieval. Our results implicate Foxp2 as a component of the neurobiological basis of sex differences in vocal communication in mammals. We extended these observations to humans, a species reported to have gender differences in language acquisition, and found the amount of FOXP2 protein in the left hemisphere cortex of 4-year-old boys was significantly lower than in age-matched girls.
The material role of digital media in connecting with, within and beyond museums

The connective potentials of digital media have been positioned as a key part of a contemporary museum visitor experience. Using a sociology of translation, we construct a network of visitor experiences using data from a digital media engagement project at a large and multi-sited museum in the United Kingdom. These experiences relate to (dis)connections with the museum, museum objects and other visitors. Through this analysis, we disclose the often contradictory roles of the non-human, including and going beyond the digital, as contributors to the success and failure of attempts to change museum visitor experiences through engagement activities rooted in narratives of participation and connectivity.
Closeness-based routing with temporal constraint for mobile social delay tolerant networks

In mobile social delay tolerant networks, many human-carried mobile devices are moving around in a restricted physical space and occasional contact opportunities among these devices are used to deliver data. Routing design in mobile social delay tolerant networks has been a challenging task due to lack of instantaneous end-to-end paths, large transmission delays, and time-varying network topology. In this paper, aiming to precisely measure the social relationships between mobile nodes, we introduce two kinds of time-varying closeness, direct and indirect closeness, where the temporal constraint is considered. Then we propose both single-copy and multi-copy closeness-based routing schemes, which consider direct and indirect social relationships under temporal constraint. Extensive simulations on real-life data traces show the proposed schemes can achieve better performances than existing DTN routing methods.
Complex stenosis morphology and vasomotor responses to inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis

OBJECTIVE To assess the relation between coronary vasomotor effects of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (LNMMA) administration and coronary stenosis morphology, length, and severity in patients with stable angina. DESIGN In 28 patients (24 male, four female) with coronary artery disease and chronic stable angina, intracoronary normal saline and 4 μmol/min LNMMA were infused for four minutes each, followed by an intracoronary bolus of 250 μg glyceryl trinitrate. Coronary stenoses were classified as concentric (smooth), eccentric (smooth), or complicated (irregular). The diameters of these stenoses and their adjacent reference proximal segments were measured by quantitative angiography. RESULTS During LNMMA infusion a significantly larger proportion of complicated stenoses than concentric and eccentric stenoses constricted by ⩾ 5% (p < 0.01) and the magnitude of vasoconstriction was greater in complicated than in concentric and eccentric stenoses (p < 0.05). For complicated stenoses the magnitude of constriction (in mm) with reference to normal saline was greater than that of the concentric and eccentric stenoses (p < 0.05), whereas concentric and eccentric stenoses constricted similarly. Irrespective of the type of morphology, there was a correlation (p < 0.05) between both the severity and the length of stenoses and the magnitude of vasoconstriction to LNMMA. A similar proportion of concentric, eccentric, and complicated stenoses showed ⩾ 5% increase in diameter with glyceryl trinitrate, and the magnitude of the response was similar in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS In patients with coronary artery disease, the response to LNMMA is greater when stenosis morphology is complex, indicating greater nitric oxide activity. This provides further evidence that plaques with complex morphology are in an active state.
Sage on the stage or guide by the side?: A proposed developmental pathway for police educators

Within the broad field of educational research, good teaching is viewed as guiding students through deeper learning processes in what is often termed a “learner-centred” approach. This approach is contrasted with being “teacher-centred,” which essentially views the teacher as a “sage on the stage” whose role is to pass on knowledge to students in a generally didactic manner. Police educators, like educators generally, often view themselves as a sage early in their teaching career but with effective development they can move towards a more sophisticated and effective learner-centred conception, where they act increasingly like a “guide by the side. ” Developing a learner-centred teaching conception is becoming increasingly more valuable within the police education context as policing organizations make greater use of innovative teaching approaches such as problem based learning (PBL). Referring to recent research on teaching conceptions, this paper outlines a potential pathway for police educators to develop from sage to guide.
An ERP Study of Implicit Emotion Processing in Depressed Suicide Attempters

Major depressive disorder is associated with an increased risk of suicide. The aim of the present study was to compare changes in event-related potentials (ERP) of suicide attempters and non-attempters with major depressive disorder during an implicit emotion processing task. The results showed that the stimuli had a clear effect on the N2 and P3 amplitudes for both suicide attempters and non-attempters. More importantly, suicide attempters exhibited significantly higher P3 amplitudes between negative and neutral conditions than non-attempters. This could indicate that suicide attempters have a lower information burden and a weaker inhibitory process when processing emotional stimuli than non-attempters.
Embryonic Morphogen Nodal Promotes Breast Cancer Growth and Progression

Breast cancers expressing human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-associated genes are more likely to progress than well-differentiated cancers and are thus associated with poor patient prognosis. Elevated proliferation and evasion of growth control are similarly associated with disease progression, and are classical hallmarks of cancer. In the current study we demonstrate that the hESC-associated factor Nodal promotes breast cancer growth. Specifically, we show that Nodal is elevated in aggressive MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and Hs578t human breast cancer cell lines, compared to poorly aggressive MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines. Nodal knockdown in aggressive breast cancer cells via shRNA reduces tumour incidence and significantly blunts tumour growth at primary sites. In vitro, using Trypan Blue exclusion assays, Western blot analysis of phosphorylated histone H3 and cleaved caspase-9, and real time RT-PCR analysis of BAX and BCL2 gene expression, we demonstrate that Nodal promotes expansion of breast cancer cells, likely via a combinatorial mechanism involving increased proliferation and decreased apopotosis. In an experimental model of metastasis using beta-glucuronidase (GUSB)-deficient NOD/SCID/mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPSVII) mice, we show that although Nodal is not required for the formation of small (<100 cells) micrometastases at secondary sites, it supports an elevated proliferation:apoptosis ratio (Ki67:TUNEL) in micrometastatic lesions. Indeed, at longer time points (8 weeks), we determined that Nodal is necessary for the subsequent development of macrometastatic lesions. Our findings demonstrate that Nodal supports tumour growth at primary and secondary sites by increasing the ratio of proliferation:apoptosis in breast cancer cells. As Nodal expression is relatively limited to embryonic systems and cancer, this study establishes Nodal as a potential tumour-specific target for the treatment of breast cancer.
Simone Kohnz : Self-Serving Biases in Bargaining

There is strong evidence that in bargaining situations with asymmetric outside options people exhibit self-serving biases concerning their fairness judgements. Moreover psychological literature suggests that this can be a driving force of bargaining impasse. This paper extends the notion of inequity aversion to incorporate self-serving biases due to asymmetric outside options and analyses whether this leads to bargaining breakdown. I distinguish between sophisticated and naive agents, that is, those agents who understand their bias and those who do not. I find that breakdown in ultimatum bargaining results from naiveté of the proposers. JEL classification: A13, C7, D63
“Because they are spiritually discerned”: spirituality in early childhood education

The purpose of my qualitative research was to explore with early childhood education teachers, their understanding of children’s spirituality and how they think educators can support this type of development in the classroom. I wanted to search further with them how spirituality in early childhood education paves the way toward social justice. This study was grounded in the critical Black feminist and interpretive theoretical frames with a situated methodology. It incorporated grounded theory. The research included five participants from two different early childhood education settings, who were selected purposefully through community nomination. The instruments to gather data included: individual interviews, observations, written field notes and narratives. The findings pointed to a theoretical framework that integrates the four major themes across the data: identity and connectedness with the self, identity and connectedness with self and others in relation to social justice, spirituality embedded in loving education, and multiple spiritualities negotiated within early childhood education. The theoretical framework for spirituality in early childhood education that emerges from the findings
A Cross-cultural Analysis of Disney Mulan film and Chinese Mulan Drama impacts on Chinese Audience’s Attitude

Aiming at arousing people's cultural sensitivity, enriching people's knowledge of other cultures and increasing people's awareness of intercultural communication, the paper, based on the Chinese Mulan drama and Disney Mulan film, reaches some conclusions about cultural integrations and differences between China and America by comparisons and analyses of Mulan's images in the two subjects. The sample for this study will be the Chinese student that age between 18 to 26 and who study in China. And for the sample unit, researcher will choose 200 Chinese students as sample to study. The questionnaires are distributed to Chinese students who experienced Disney Mulan film and the movie of Chinese Mulan drama. The researchers in this study applied purposive sampling and Convenience sampling to be the second and third step respectively. Through comparison and analysis of Chinese Mulan drama and the American movie The Mulan, the reseacher intends to compare the Chinese and American culture from Hofstede’s (1991) four cultural dimensions: individualism/collectivism (I/C), masculinity/femininity (M/F), and power distance (PD) and the uncertainty avoidance (UA). In the research, Chinese audience who watched the Disney version of Mulan film are more likely to demonstrate stronger cultural orientation in individualism, masculinity, low power distance, and in low uncertainty avoidance. Chinese audience who watched the Chinese version of Mulan film are more likely to demonstrate stronger cultural orientation in collectivism, femininity, high power distance, and in high uncertainty avoidance.
Predation rate, prey preference and predator switching: experiments on voles and weasels

We studied the predation rate and prey selection of the least weasel (Mustela nivalis nivalis) on its two most common prey species in boreal environments, the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and the field vole (Microtus agrestis), in large outdoor enclosures. We also studied the response of weasels to odours of the two species in the laboratory. The enclosure experiment was conducted using constant vole densities (16 voles/ha) but with varying relative abundance of the two species. Weasels showed higher predation rates on bank voles, and males had higher predation rate than females. Females killed disproportionately more of the more abundant prey species, but they preferred bank voles to field voles when both were equally available. Overall, the predation rate also increased with increasing abundance of bank voles. Therefore our results are in agreement with earlier laboratory results showing preference for bank voles, even if no intrinsic preference for odours of either species was observed in our laboratory study. We suggest that the least weasel hunts according to prey availability, prey aggregation and suitability of hunting habitat, and that this causes the observed dependence of least weasels on field voles and emphasises the role of the field vole in the vole-weasel interaction in cyclic vole populations. Furthermore, our results suggest that predation by weasels may facilitate the coexistence of the two vole species via predator switching, and that it may cause the observed synchrony in dynamics between vole species.
Izvorni Blockinznanstveni Blockinrad Original Scientific Paper

Adresa za dopisivanje Ivana Savić Pavičin Sveučilište u Zagrebu Stomatološki fakultet Zavod za dentalnu antropologiju Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska tel: +385 1 4802146 savic@sfzg.hr Sažetak Svrha istraživanja: Osteoporoza i gubitak zuba zdravstveni su problemi koji pogađaju stariju populaciju, osobito žene. Oboje znatno utječe na kvalitetu života. Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je ustanoviti postoji li statistički značajna povezanost mineralnog statusa kostiju u području kuka i slabinske kralježnice s brojem zuba i KEP-indeksom kod žena u dobi iznad 45 godina. Materijali i metode: Ovo presječno istraživanje obuhvatilo je 91 ženu stariju od 45 godina. Svima su digitalno panoramski snimljene čeljusti, a tehnologijom DEXA utvrđena je mineralna gustoća slabinske kralježnice (L1 – L4) i proksimalnog femura. Tijekom kliničkog pregleda usne šupljine zabilježen je zubni status. Broj zuba izračunat je s pomoću panoramske snimke. Uzorak je podijeljen u dvije skupine ovisno o vrijednostima gustoće kostiju na nalazu DEXA. Rezultati: Rezultati statisti čke analize pokazali su kako nije bilo značajne razlike u distribuciji ukupnog broja zuba (t=-0,171, P>0,05) između dviju skupina u sklopu analiziranog uzorka. Također nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u vrijednosti KEP-indeksa i broja zdravih zuba. Statistička analiza pokazala je značajnu korelaciju između dobi i broja zuba (r=-0,26; P=0,005), a korelacija između razine obrazovanja i broja zuba bila je još izrazitija. Zaključak: Na osnovi dobivenih rezultata zaključujemo da zubni status i gubitak zuba kod žena u dobi iznad 45 godina nisu povezani s mineralnom gustoćom kostiju. No potrebna su daljnja istraživanja kako bi se ispitao utjecaj osteoporoze na oralno zdravlje, s osobitim naglaskom na promjene u čeljusnim kostima. Ključne riječi osteoporoza; oralno zdravlje; KEP indeks; žene; presječno istraživanje 1 Zavod za dentalnu antropologiju Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska Department od Dental Anthropology, University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 2 Studentica Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska Student of School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia 3 Zavod za stomatološku protetiku Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 4 Klinika za nuklearnu medicinu i onkologiju Kliničkoga bolničkog centra Sestre milosrdnice, Vinogradska 29, 10 000 Zagreb, Hrvatska Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Clinical Hospital Center ̋Sestre milosrdnice ̋, Vinogradska 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Validating Culture- and Gender-Specific Constructs: A Mixed-Method Approach to Advance Assessment Procedures in Cross-Cultural Settings

SUMMARY Despite on-going calls for developing cultural competency among mental health practitioners, few assessment instruments consider cultural variation in psychological constructs. To meet the challenge of developing measures for minority and international students, it is necessary to account for the influence culture may have on the latent constructs that form a given instrument. What complicates matters further is that individual factors (e.g., gender) within a culture necessitate additional refinement of factor structures on which such instruments are based. The current work endeavors to address these concerns by demonstrating a mixed-methods approach utilized to assess construct validation within a specific culture; and in turn develop culturally-specific instruments. Qualitative methods were used to inform the development of a structured self-report by gaining detailed knowledge of the target culture and creating items grounded in interview and observational data. Factor analysis techniques and t.
Quality management and improvement: A framework and a business-process reference model

This paper presents a reference model for the process of management of quality and improvement based on a conceptual framework for managing the process of systematically deriving improvement actions from customer expectations and strategic decisions through business processes, and prioritising actions that will most contribute to achievement strategic objectives. After some introductory theoretical background to discuss the need for systematically managing quality and improvement as well as the contribution of mapping business processes, the process reference model is described to a certain extent and detailed by means of activity tree and event‐driven process chain (EPC) diagrams. Finally, some considerations are made on the benefits of using such an approach.
Paired transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols reveal a pattern of inhibition and facilitation in the human parietal cortex

1 Intracortical inhibition (ICI) and facilitation (ICF) of the human motor cortex can be induced by paired transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Although demonstrated in experimental animals, the existence of intracortical inhibitory and excitatory circuits in parietal sensory cortex has not been documented in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of paired TMS of the parietal cortex on contralateral tactile perception. 2 Fifteen healthy subjects were involved in a task of discrimination of electrical stimuli delivered at near‐threshold intensity of sensory perception over the left thumb. Paired TMS was delivered with a focal coil on the right posterior parietal lobe after various delays from the presentation of finger stimuli. The effects of different interstimulus intervals (ISI: 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 ms) between the conditioning and the test TMS stimulus on tactile perception were studied. The conditioning stimulus intensity was set at 70 % of motor threshold, while test TMS intensity was 130 % of motor threshold. 3 Single pulse suprathreshold TMS interfered with the perception of finger stimuli, while subthreshold stimuli such as the ‘conditioning’ stimuli had no effect on sensory perception. Paired TMS differentially influenced the performance depending on the ISI. At an ISI of 1 ms, paired TMS stimuli induced a significant worsening of the performance compared with single pulse TMS; at an ISI of 5 ms, paired TMS stimuli induced a significant facilitation of the performance compared with single pulse TMS, restoring baseline performance levels. 4 These results suggest that paired TMS can reveal a selective pattern of ICI and ICF in the human parietal cortex.