Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Curriculum of Capitalism: Schooled to Profit or Schooled to Educate

Utilizing a critical pragmatist framework for analysis of the United States public school education, the research suggests the United States public education system perpetuates a curriculum of Capitalism linking with democracy; yet social Capitalism remains remarkably undemocratic as the experience of race, class, and gender contradict the curriculum of public schools. The consequence of these contradictions is perpetuation of racist or sexist stereotypes, a distinct class system delineated by financial, educational, and techno-wealth, a heightened if not profound sense that the American ideal is no longer within reach or a political sham. In sharp contrast to conservative theories of education and the move to standardize education, progressive educators do not believe in disassociating classroom experience from the sum of the accumulated experience of the individual. The research utilizes a number of tools of curriculum theorists including the incorporation of biographical material of Du Bois, Dewey, Lessing, Marcuse, and Feyerabend as the primary method for investigation. INDEX WORDS: Capitalism, Critical pragmatism, Democratic capitalism, Social capitalism, Curriculum of capitalism, Racial economics, Gender economics, Education reform, Public schools
An Effective Algorithm for Improving the Performance of Naive Bayes for Text Classification

Naive Bayes algorithm is uncomplicated and effective in text classification and experiments. However, its performance is often imperfect because it does not model text well, and by inappropriate feature selection and some disadvantages of the Naïve Bayes itself. This paper makes some modifications for Naive Bayes to improve the performance of Naïve Bayes and the effect, condition as well, on categorization. Finally, the paper adopts this algorithm in Spam Filter categorization, a quite typical text classification. Some experiments were done with this method; results were compared with its previous method.
Response of fine particulate matter concentrations to changes of emissions and temperature in Europe

PMCAMx-2008, a three dimensional chemical transport model (CTM), was applied in Europe to quantify the changes in fine particle (PM 2.5) concentration in response to different emission reductions as well as to temperature in- crease. A summer and a winter simulation period were used, to investigate the seasonal dependence of the PM2.5 response to 50 % reductions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3), nitrogen oxides (NOx), anthropogenic volatile organic com- pounds (VOCs) and anthropogenic primary organic aerosol (POA) emissions and also to temperature increases of 2.5 and 5 K. Reduction of NH3 emissions seems to be the most effective control strategy for reducing PM2.5, in both pe- riods, resulting in a decrease of PM2.5 up to 5.1 µg m 3 and 1.8 µg m 3 (5.5 % and 4 % on average) during summer and winter respectively, mainly due to reduction of ammo- nium nitrate (NH4NO3) (20 % on average in both periods). The reduction of SO2 emissions decreases PM2.5 in both periods having a significant effect over the Balkans (up to 1.6 µg m 3 ) during the modeled summer period, mainly due to decrease of sulfate (34 % on average over the Balkans). The anthropogenic POA control strategy reduces total OA by 15 % during the modeled winter period and 8 % in the sum- mer period. The reduction of total OA is higher in urban areas close to its emissions sources. A slight decrease of OA (8 % in the modeled summer period and 4 % in the modeled win- ter period) is also predicted after a 50 % reduction of VOCs emissions due to the decrease of anthropogenic SOA. The re- duction of NOx emissions reduces PM2.5 (up to 3.4 µg m 3 ) during the summer period, due to a decrease of NH4NO3, causing although an increase of ozone concentration in ma- jor urban areas and over Western Europe. Additionally, the NOx control strategy actually increases PM2.5 levels during the winter period, due to more oxidants becoming available to react with SO2 and VOCs. The increase of temperature results in a decrease of PM2.5 in both periods over Central Europe, mainly due to a decrease of NH4NO3 during sum- mer (18 %) and fresh POA during wintertime (35 %). Signif- icant increases of OA are predicted during the summer due mainly to the increase of biogenic VOC emissions. On the contrary, OA is predicted to decrease in the modeled win- ter period due to the dominance of fresh POA reduction and the small biogenic SOA contribution to OA. The resulting in- crease of oxidant levels from the temperature rise lead to an increase of sulfate levels in both periods, mainly over North Europe and the Atlantic Ocean. The substantial reduction of PM2.5 components due to emissions reductions of their pre- cursors outlines the importance of emissions for improving air quality, while the sensitivity of PM 2.5 concentrations to temperature changes indicate that climate interactions need to be considered when predicting future levels of PM, with different net effects in different parts of Europe.
Trinkets and charms : the use, meaning and significance of later medieval and early post-medieval dress accessories

This is a thematic study of dress accessories of late medieval to early post-medieval date from two regions of mainland Britain. It is an investigation of everyday objects which aims to re-engage the material world with past individuals. An interdisciplinary approach is used to understand how dress accessories were often more than ornaments, and how they intersected with and were integral to social, political and religious life. Accessories recovered from a range of excavated archaeological sites, chance finds and data recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS), have been catalogued and investigated. Documentary evidence, paintings and tomb effigies are sources of evidence drawn upon throughout to supplement the archaeological evidence, to enhance the interpretations and to place the accessories into a wider social context. The accessories have been analysed using object biographies in thematic discussions based on aspects of daily life. The results demonstrate the overall homogenous nature of dress accessories used in the two border regions and there is little evidence to suggest that they were consciously used by later medieval and early-post medieval people to display a border identity. Chance finds and PAS results have extended our knowledge of the types of adornments worn and revealed types not frequently found in excavations. Some variation between and within regions is identified, such as an unusual distribution of dress hooks, the possible presence of ‘Hanseatic’ material in the northeast of England, and purposeful deposits of accessories of monetary value in the north-east of England. Long-term biographies are also identified where a number of accessory types had different meanings depending on their context of use. The themes of memory, heirlooms, and gift giving feature throughout the thematic discussions of the accessories. By viewing archaeological artefacts as things, this thesis endeavours to expand our knowledge of medieval dress accessories and past lives.
Functional ureogenesis in the gobiid fish Mugilogobius abei.

To examine the transition to ureogenesis, the gobiid fish Mugilogobius abei was immersed in 2 mmol l(-)(1) NH(4)HCO(3) or a (15)N-labelled ammonia solution [1 mmol l(-)(1) ((15)NH(4))(2)SO(4), pH 8.0] for 4-8 days. When exposed to 2 mmol l(-)(1) NH(4)HCO(3) or (15)N-labelled ammonia solution for 4 days, the rate of urea excretion increased to seven times that of the control (in 20 % synthetic sea water) and remained at this level for 4 days. The proportion of nitrogen excreted as urea reached 62 % of total nitrogen excretion (ammonia-N + urea-N). (15)N-enrichment of the amide-N in glutamine in the tissues of fish exposed to (15)N-labelled ammonia was virtually the same as that of ammonia-N: i.e. approximately twice that of urea-N in the excreta and the tissues. Glutamine contents and glutamine synthetase activities in the liver and muscle increased greatly following exposure to ammonia. Urea and citrulline contents in the muscle and whole body of the exposed fish increased significantly, whereas uric acid contents remained unchanged. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III (CPSase III) mRNA expression and CPSase III activity were detected in the muscle, skin and gill, but levels were negligible in the liver. Furthermore, all other ornithine-urea cycle (O-UC) enzymes were also detected in muscle, skin and gill. Thus, M. abei clearly shows the transition from ammoniotely to ureotely under ammonia-loading condition and is able to produce urea mainly via the O-UC operating in multiple non-hepatic tissues as a means for ammonia detoxification.
Epidural naloxone reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients receiving epidural sufentanil for postoperative analgesia.

BACKGROUND Epidural opioids have excellent analgesic properties, but their side-effects limit their use in patient-controlled epidural analgesia. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of epidural naloxone on the side-effects of sufentanil, focusing on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR). METHODS After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent, 50 patients undergoing unilateral TKR were randomly assigned to receive either sufentanil in ropivacaine alone (Group C, n = 25) or the same solution with naloxone (Group N, n = 25) for their postoperative epidural analgesia. Episodes of PONV and five-point-scaled nausea scores were evaluated at 6, 12, and 24 h after epidural analgesia was started. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain and the incidence of sedation, pruritus, hypotension, and respiratory depression were also evaluated at each of three time points. RESULTS The nausea score in Group N was significantly lower than that in Group C. The VAS pain score at rest and on movement were significantly lower in Group N than in Group C at 24 h. Other opioid-induced side-effects were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Epidural naloxone was effective in reducing PONV induced by epidural sufentanil and additionally enhanced the analgesic effect. Therefore, concomitant infusion of a small dose of epidural naloxone should be considered to reduce PONV, especially in patients at greater risk for PONV.
Global structure and flexibility of hairpin ribozymes with extended terminal helices.

Global structure and flexibility of three different hairpin ribozyme constructs have been analyzed by measuring their electric dichroism decay in various buffers at temperatures between 2 and 30 degrees C. The hairpin ribozyme is characterized by two independently folding domains A and B that are connected through a hinge and have to interact to enable catalysis. The analyzed constructs feature extended terminal helices 1 and 4 with 27 and 25 bp, respectively, to increase the sensitivity of the molecular rotational diffusion time constants with respect to the interdomain bending angle. Constructs HP1 and HP2 cannot cleave because of a G+1A change at the 3'-side of the cleavage site; in HP1 the helices 2 and 3 that flank the hinge form a continuous double helical segment; in HP2 and HP3, a six nucleotide bulge confers flexibility to the expected bending site; HP3 is a cleavable form of HP2 with a G+1-base. For comparison, a standard RNA double helix with 72 bp was included in our analysis. The dichroism decay curves of the hairpin constructs after pulses of low electric field strengths can be fitted to single exponentials taus, whereas the curves after pulses of high field strengths require two exponentials. In all cases, time constants increase with RNA concentration, indicating intermolecular interactions. Extrapolation of the tausvalues measured in standard buffer (50 mM Tris (pH 7.5) and 12 mM MgCl2) to zero RNA concentration provide values of 112, 93, and 73 ns for HP1, HP2 and HP3, respectively, at 30 degrees C, indicating increasingly compact structures. The 72 bp RNA reference under corresponding conditions did not show a dependence of its decay time constant on the RNA concentration nor on the field strength; its time constant is 175 ns (standard buffer, 30 degrees C). The observation of two relaxation processes for the hairpin constructs at high field strengths indicates stretching to a more elongated state; the fast process with a time constant of the order of 50 ns is assigned to reversion of stretching, the slow process to overall rotation. The overall rotational time of the stretched state at 20 degrees C is close to that for a completely stretched rigid state; at 30 degrees C the experimental values are around 70 % of that expected for a completely stretched rigid state, indicating flexibility and/or residual bending. Bead models were constructed to simulate dichroism decay curves. The time constants observed for the 72 bp RNA are as expected for a rigid rod with a rise of 2.8 A per base-pair. Based on this rise per base-pair for models of a V and a Y-shape, we estimate average bending angles of 80(+/-20) degrees and 105 (+/-25) degrees, respectively, for the catalytically active hairpin ribozyme HP3. The energy required for stretching is of the order of the thermal energy.
Lowering blood pressure in 2003

The foundation of treatment for patients with hypertension is ongoing use of lifestyle measures such as physical exercise, weight reduction, and salt restriction. There should be emphasis on reduction of total cardiovascular risk, including smoking cessation and achievement of goal blood pressures. There are now five classes of first‐line blood‐pressure‐lowering drugs — diuretics, β‐blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium antagonists. In most patients, the choice of drug will be guided by the clinical situation in the individual patient, including the presence of target organ damage, diabetes, established vascular or kidney disease, or other comorbidities. In the absence of such clinical indications, start drug therapy with a low‐dose diuretic. Combination therapy will be needed in around two‐thirds of patients, and a diuretic will normally form one element of most combinations, with the second or third drug coming from among the remaining four. Consider the use of fixed‐dose combinations to improve adherence to therapy. Use long‐acting, once‐daily preparations.
Biosorption of Fe(II) and Mn(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution by Rice Husk Ash

Rice husk ash (RHA), an agricultural waste, was used as biosorbent for the removal of Iron(II) and Manganese(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The structural and morphological characteristics of RHA and its elemental compositions before and after adsorption of Fe(II) and Mn(II) were determined by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the influence of initial pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration on the removal of Fe(II) and Mn(II) ions. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of the metal ions by RHA. The correlation coefficient (R 2) of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models equals 0.995 and 0.901 for Fe(II), 0.9862 and 0.8924 for Mn(II), respectively, so the Langmuir model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm model. The mean free energy values evaluated from the D-R model indicated that the biosorption of Fe(II) and Mn(II) onto RHA was physical in nature. Experimental data also showed that the biosorption processes of both metal ions complied with the pseudo-second-order kinetics.
Is Accounting Conservatism Due to Debt or Share Markets? A Test of “Contracting” Versus “Value Relevance” Theories of Accounting

We provide a simple comparative test of contracting and value relevance theories of accounting, using data on the importance of countries’ debt and equity markets. Contracting (debt markets) theory predicts conditional conservatism, in the Basu (1997) sense of asymmetrically timelier loss recognition than gain recognition, as proxied by a stronger relation between earnings and negative returns. Contracting theory also predicts that the degree of asymmetry increases in the importance of a country’s debt markets, but not in the importance of equity markets. In contrast, value relevance (stock markets) theory suggests a symmetric and strong relation between earnings and returns, regardless of the sign of returns. Furthermore, contracting theory predicts that unconditional conservatism, in the sense of unconditionally low earnings and book values, does not increase contracting efficiency, and thus is unrelated to debt market importance. Data from a small cross-sectional sample of 22 countries are consistent with these predictions.
Serially Concatenation of Forward Error Correction Codes for Real Time Applications

This paper presents a scheme of serially concatenated codes. It is formed by Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) as outer code and Low density Parity Check (LDPC) inner code in order to real time applications through get rid of the delay time stem from large number of iterations of LDPC decoder. Also analyzing the performance of each code individually by several example simulation using Matlab version R2012a tested by Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel model with Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation to pick up appropriate parameters for this purpose. The proposed approach present high performance and reduce the Bit Error Rate (BER). A proposed parameters get nearly to zero BER at very low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). Keywords;
The orientation of the Seyfert nucleus in Markarian 348

Multi-frequency observations of Mrk 348 are presented consisting of two epochs of MERLIN data at 5 GHz, ISOPHOT data at 170, 90, 60 and 25 µm, Nordic Optical Telescope images in the U, B, R and I bands and data at 1350 µm from the archive for SCUBA. The new optical images reveal a disrupted arm that ends towards the eastern companion of Mrk 348, consistent with the hypothesis that Mrk 348 and its companion form an interacting system. 5-GHz MERLIN imaging shows that only one of the radio components of Mrk 348 is polarized (P = 5 per cent). The broadband spectrum of Mrk 348 is flat between the radio and millimetre bands, suggesting that synchrotron emission extends to high frequencies. Mrk 348 has many of the characteristics of a radio-loud object. We discuss the orientation of the radio axis of Mrk 348 with respect to the line of sight. We conclude that the evidence is conflicting, and that the geometry in Mrk 348 is not well-described by a simple edge-on or face-on model.
So Far, Yet So Close: International Career Paths of Communication Scholars From the Global South

In this research, using the Bourdieusian conceptual framework of the sociology of science, we analyzed the career paths of 426 researchers in communication studies from the Global South. We investigated how academic capital collected in the Global North contributes to the international success of Global South authors, and the alternative ways in which Global South researchers raise their visibility. We found that it is almost impossible to become an internationally recognized scientist in communication research without Global North capital, and the network of international education is quite similar to the network of international collaboration. We also found that some more successful Global South regions were able to develop relatively autonomous international fields of forces.
The influence of emotional intelegence, self-efficacy, and altruism on teacher’s competence in inclusion elementary school

This study aimed to: (1) describe emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, altruism, and teachers’ performance who teach in inclusion elementary schools of Karanganyar District, and (2) determine the effect of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and altruism on teachers competence who teach in inclusion elementary school of Karanganyar District. The research was quantitative research using the ex-post facto method. The results of the study show that: (1) teacher’s emotional intelligence is at the medium category, while self-efficacy, altruism, and teachers competence who teach in inclusion elementary school of Karanganyar District are in high category; (2) there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence with the teacher’s competence, with a value of r = 0.560 (r > 0,244 ), there is a significant relationship between self-efficacy with teacher’s competence with a value of r =0.535 ( r > 0.244), there is a significant relationship between altruism with the teacher’s competence, with a value of r = 0.711 (r > 0.244 ) and there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and altruism with the teacher’s competence, with a value of F = 39.742 (F > 2.76). Therefore, it concluded that higher emotional intelligence, and altruism the higher the teacher’s competence.
A Scaling Law for the Validation-Set Training-Set Size Ratio

We address the problem of determining what fraction of the training set should be reserved as development test set or validation set. We determine that the ratio of the validation set size over the training set size scales like the square root of two complexity parameters: the complexity of the second level of inference (minimizing the validation error) over the complexity of the (cid:12)rst level of inference (minimizing the error rate on the training set).
Estimation of the outcrossing rate for annual Asian wild rice under field conditions

The Asian wild rice, Oryza rufipogon, has partial outcrossing behavior and shows high levels of genetic variation. To estimate an accurate outcrossing rate of annual form of O. rufipogon, two backcross lines (Lines R1 and R2) between Oryza sativa Nipponbare and O. rufipogon W630 were examined under field conditions. A chromosome survey confirmed that these lines had wild chromosomal segments at more than 92% of marker loci. As for the traits of glume, stamen and pistil, Line R1 showed similar floral morphology as that of O. rufipogon W630, whereas Line R2 had larger glumes. In 2005, 2006 and 2008, a total of 22 backcross plants were planted in the middle of wild rice plots. The successive progenies of each plant were examined using microsatellite markers that could clearly detect self-pollination and outcrossing. The outcrossing rates of Line R1 plants ranged from 4.04% to 25.50% with an average of 10.20%. This indicates that cross-pollination of wild rice is a chance event affected by many environmental factors. The outcrossing rates of Line R2 plants also varied, however, no significant difference was observed between the averages of Lines R1 and R2, suggesting that the glume sizes are not critical for outcrossing ability.
Prosodic realization of information structure categories in standard Chinese

This paper investigates the prosodic realization of information structure categories in Standard Chinese. A number of proper names with different tonal combinations were elicited as a grammatical subject in five pragmatic contexts. Results show that both duration and F0 range of the tonal realizations were adjusted to signal the information structure categories (i.e. theme vs. rheme and background vs. focus). Rhemes consistently induced a longer duration and a more expanded F0 range than themes. Focus, compared to background, generally induced lengthening and F0 range expansion (the presence and magnitude of which, however, are dependent on the tonal structure of the proper names). Within the rheme focus condition, corrective rheme focus induced more expanded F0 range than normal rheme focus.