Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The basics of gravitational wave theory

Einstein's special theory of relativity revolutionized physics by teaching us that space and time are not separate entities, but join as ‘spacetime’. His general theory of relativity further taught us that spacetime is not just a stage on which dynamics takes place, but is a participant: the field equation of general relativity connects matter dynamics to the curvature of spacetime. Curvature is responsible for gravity, carrying us beyond the Newtonian conception of gravity that had been in place for the previous two and a half centuries. Much research in gravitation since then has explored and clarified the consequences of this revolution; the notion of dynamical spacetime is now firmly established in the toolkit of modern physics. Indeed, this notion is so well established that we may now contemplate using spacetime as a tool for other sciences. One aspect of dynamical spacetime—its radiative character, ‘gravitational radiation’—will inaugurate entirely new techniques for observing violent astrophysical processes. Over the next 100 years, much of this subject's excitement will come from learning how to exploit spacetime as a tool for astronomy. This paper is intended as a tutorial in the basics of gravitational radiation physics.
Contemplation and Conversation: Subtle Influences on Moral Decision Making

This research investigated the role of contemplation, conversation (conceptualized as social contemplation), and explanation in right-wrong decisions. Several theories suggest that contemplation or morally oriented conversation will promote ethical decisions and that immediate choice or self-interested conversation will not; other theories suggest that individuals' explanations will reinforce their decisions. An experimental task tempting people to lie supported all of these predictions. In addition, truth tellers viewed the situation as morally oriented, and non–truth tellers viewed it as oriented around self-interest, both before and after their decisions. These findings provided the basis for a new process model of moral decision making.
Congenital toxoplasmosis: value of prenatal treatment with pyrimethamine‐sulfadoxine combination

1994), such that all chromosomes can be included in the analysis. This novel approach combines screening for aneuploidy by CGH with precise mapping and sampling of the term placenta, separation of the placental cell lineages, and quantification of mosaicism by FISH. This methodology may prove to be the key to effectively screening term placentas and establishing the true incidence and clinical implications of CPM.
Tasting fees and the youth market

Many wineries in Australia and New Zealand are seeking strategies to continue to develop in a highly competitive marketplace. One such strategy is via the development of wine tourism. Although there is a significant amount of literature of the relative advantages and disadvantages of wine tourism for small wineries, particularly with respect to its educational and market development function, there is very little research available on how wine tourism is perceived by the next generation of wine drinkers – the youth market. The purpose of this study is therefore to gain a better understanding of how the youth market perceives tasting fees at wineries and influences on purchasing and other wine behaviours. In late 2003, 599 surveys were distributed to ten universities throughout Australia and New Zealand, of which 448 were returned, representing a valid response rate of 74.8 percent. The results of the survey indicated that the majority of respondents who thought of wine tourism as an appealing activity, who had visited wineries previously, who normally consumed and purchased wine and who had some knowledge of wine all thought that a fee at the cellar door would impact on their decision to visit. Wineries need to maximise the return on their wine, however there also needs to be recognition of the potential trade-off between immediate returns from charging for tastings and cellar-door sales versus longer-term returns from direct and indirect sales. In some markets, and particularly the ‘Generation Y’ market, seeking short-term returns through charging may affect longer-term custom and loyalty. However, regardless of the strategy, it is important that it is effectively communicated to the market, particularly if individual wineries are interested in growing the market for the future.
A transmutation theory of inter-organizational exchange relations and networks: Applying critical realism to analysis of collective agency

This article outlines a critical realist approach to inter-organizational relations and networks. It reviews existing criticisms of the main theoretical contributions within this substantive topic area and argues that most have explained outcomes by referring to the structural antecedents that condition the different contexts which actors behave within. This downplays the impact of social processes and how these are shaped by the behavioural orientations of actors within these structures. Critical realism can be used to address this limitation. It provides a perspective on agency and social process that facilitates sophisticated analyses of the behavioural orientations of actors and how these combine to condition processes and outcomes. A three-step approach to analysing inter-organizational relations and networks is outlined and case study data are used in the effort to demonstrate that this approach is less susceptible to the existing criticisms of the field.
Developing a bottom‐up, user‐based method of web register classification

This paper introduces a project to develop a reliable, cost‐effective method for classifying Internet texts into register categories, and apply that approach to the analysis of a large corpus of web documents. To date, the project has proceeded in 2 key phases. First, we developed a bottom‐up method for web register classification, asking end users of the web to utilize a decision‐tree survey to code relevant situational characteristics of web documents, resulting in a bottom‐up identification of register and subregister categories. We present details regarding the development and testing of this method through a series of 10 pilot studies. Then, in the second phase of our project we applied this procedure to a corpus of 53,000 web documents. An analysis of the results demonstrates the effectiveness of these methods for web register classification and provides a preliminary description of the types and distribution of registers on the web.
Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor complex figures: Equivalent measures of visual organization and visual memory in ADHD and normal children

Abstract The Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor complex figures are considered equivalent measures of visual construction and memory. Some investigators have recently questioned this equivalence in adults. The present investigation addresses the question of equivalence of the two figures for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder and for normal children. Thirty hyperactive children of normal intelligence and 20 matched normal controls were administered the two complex designs. Scoring was performed according to the standard itemized procedure (Lezak, 1983) and the organization component of the scoring system described by Waber and Holmes (1985). Results demonstrated no difference between the designs. This suggests that children find them equally difficult both for copy and for recall. The clinical implications of using one or the other of the two scoring approaches are discussed.
Images of Imagination

The literature of music, religion, and philosophy, especially aesthetics, forms the basis from which a definition for imagination is offered: Imagination is a power of the whole of human consciousness that employs intuition, perception, thinking, and feeling. A definition for each of the four facets is suggested and explored. These facets are then combined in various ways leading to the tentative formulation of three types of imagination with the third type comprised of two subtypes. A developmental sequence is implied based on research in aesthetic and cognitive developmental theory. Suggestions for the cultivation of imagination through music are offered along with implications for further research.
Interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLC) in myocardial sleeves of human pulmonary veins

We present here evidence for the existence of a new type of interstitial cell in human myocardial sleeves of pulmonary veins: interstitial Cajal‐like cell (ICLC). This cell fulfils the criteria for positive diagnosis of ICLC, including CD 117/c‐kit positivity. Transmission electron microscopy revealed typical ICLC with 2 or 3 very long processes (several tens of mm) suddenly emerging from the cellular body. Also, these processes appear moniliform but extremely thin (0.1–0.4 mm) under the resolving power of the usual microscopy. Cell processes establish close spatial relationships between each other, as well as with capillaries and nerve endings. ICLC appear located among the myocardial cells and particularly at the border between the myocardial sleeve and pulmonary vein wall.
The City and the Police Force: Analysing Relative Efficiency in City Police Precincts with Data Envelopment Analysis

This paper analyses the efficiency of the Lisbon police force precincts with a 2-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA). In the first stage, we estimate the DEA efficiency scores and compare the precincts with each other. The aim of this procedure is to seek out those best practices that will lead to the improved performance of all of the precincts. We rank the precincts according to their efficiency for the period 2000–2002. In the second stage, we estimate a Tobit model in which the efficiency scores are regressed in socio-economic issues, identifying social causes which vary across the city and that affect deterrence policy. The economic implications arising from the study are considered.
Political Dynamics and the Circulation of Power: CEO Succession in U.S. Industrial Corporations, 1960-1990

This paper is based on my doctoral dissertation research at Stanford University. An earlier version appeared in the Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings 1993. I would like to thank my dissertation committee, Jeff Pfeffer, Bill Barnett, Jim March, and Joel Podolny, as well as Deborah Ancona, Mauro Guillen, Marshall Meyer, Paul Osterman, Maureen Scully, John Van Maanen, Marc Ventresca, Jim Walsh, and three anonymous ASO reviewers for invaluable advice, suggestions, and encouragement. Any remaining errors are my own. To explain patterns of political dynamics, this paper develops a model of the circulation of power and compares it with an alternative model, the institutionalization of power, in an event history analysis of CEO succession. The circulation of power emphasizes the internal contests for control and opposition to the CEO that emerge with increased executive tenure and under conditions of economic adversity. The study finds support for an increasing rate of CEO succession during the first decade of tenure, consistent with the model of circulation, followed by a slow decline afterward, consistent with institutionalization. The effects of economic adversity were found to trigger circulation when combined with long prior board tenure and large board size. Also, contrary to conventional views, under economic adversity, more inside board members increase CEO succession. '
Cocaine Abusing Women Who Report Sexual Abuse: Implications for Treatment

ABSTRACT Four hundred seventy-three substance-abusing women were assessed for histories of sexual abuse. The results of bivariate analysis indicated that Sexual Abuse Survivors (SAS) had higher levels of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. A greater number of SAS reported histories of emotional and physical abuse. They also had greater severity on ASI scales of alcohol, drug, medical, and family/social difficulty. Logistic regression analysis indicated that women who were survivors of sexual abuse were more likely to have histories of emotional and physical abuse, higher levels of addiction severity, and more family members who used drugs. Implications for research and treatment are discussed.
Discrete Heterogeneity Patterns in Panel Data ∗

We propose a panel data estimator that leaves the relationship between observables and unobservables unrestricted, while allowing for flexible time-varying patterns of heterogeneity. Our approach restricts the support of unobserved heterogeneity, effectively assuming that individual units belong to a small number of groups. The “grouped fixed-effects” estimator that this paper introduces is shown to be higher-order unbiased as N and T tend to infinity, under conditions that we characterize. As a result, inference is not affected by the fact that group membership is estimated. We apply our approach to study the link between income and democracy, while allowing for permanent and time-varying country-specific heterogeneity. The results differ significantly from approaches that assume that country heterogeneity does not vary over time. JEL codes: C23.
The Effects of Temporal Separation on the Relations between Self-Reported Work Stressors and Strains

The assumption that a longitudinal design reduces the size of the relationships between work stressors and strains was tested. A comparison of cross-sectional and longitudinal correlations suggested that temporal separation of stressors and strains reduced correlations between role ambiguity and primarily attitudinal strains. Cross-sectional correlations between role conflict and strains, as well as correlations involving health-related strains, were practically unaffected by switching to a longitudinal design. A theory-driven approach to the adoption of temporal separation of stressor and strain measures in organizational stress research is outlined.
Procedural Fairness and Creativity: Does Voice Maintain People's Creative Vein Over Time?

Although some research suggests a link between procedural fairness and creativity, so far no study has directly tested whether a real manipulation of procedural fairness affects creativity. Additionally, research on procedural fairness effects consists mostly of unique studies, but more realistic, life-like longitudinal experiments with repeated fairness manipulations are lacking. This study investigated the influence of procedural fairness (i.e., having voice) on similar creativity tasks over a period of 4 weeks. Participants in the fair procedure condition maintained their level of creativity during the course of the experiment, whereas participants who were treated unfairly showed a decline in creativity. This research confirms the supporting role of conditions of procedural fairness regarding creativity and the importance of longitudinal designs to fully explore procedural fairness effects.
Intracorneal ring segments in ectatic corneal disease – a review

The purpose of this review is to collect and summarize all the scientific literature regarding the use of intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) in corneal ectatic disease. These implants, initially designed to correct myopia in normal eyes, are implanted in the deep corneal stroma with the aim of achieving modifications to the corneal curvature and subsequently refractive adjustments. Colin et al. in 2000 were the first to report the efficacy of these implants in reducing the refractive error and corneal steepening in keratoconus eyes. Two main types of ICRS have been developed and used for the treatment of ectatic corneal disease, different in profile and diameter of implantation: Intacs and Ferrara rings. Successful outcomes have been reported by several authors with these implants in keratoconic eyes using different nomograms. Besides keratoconus, ICRS have been also used successfully for the management of pellucid marginal degeneration and post‐laser in situ keratomileusis corneal ectasia. The implantation procedure may be performed today by two surgical techniques to create the corneal channels where implants are inserted: mechanical dissection using a manual semicircular dissector (mechanical‐assisted) and photodisruption of lamellar tissue using the femtosecond laser technology (femtosecond‐assisted). With both techniques, visual, refractive and topographic improvements have been observed, although higher incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications have been reported with the mechanical procedure according to the evidence found in the peer‐reviewed literature. ICRS technology is a promising therapeutic option in corneal ectatic disease, avoiding corneal graft and allowing a visual and refractive rehabilitation.
"Extracting Sun-Beams out of Cucumbers": The Retreat From Practice in Reconceptualized Curriculum Studies

Reconceptualized curriculum theorizing is characterized by efforts to distance curriculum theory far from school practice. The characterization of the "reconceptualization" of the curriculum field as a shift from focus on developing curriculum to a preeminent concern for understanding curriculum and the proclivity to consider virtually all phenomena of life experience as acceptable subjects of curriculum inquiry are examples of a willingness to divorce curriculum theorizing from school practice. Rationales for explicitly distancing theory far from practice have been advanced, as well. This essay documents and explains these three manifestations of the theory-practice split in reconceptualized curriculum studies; evaluates this split against Dewey's educational theory, the obligations of professional schools to practicing professionals, and the ideal of the land-grant university; assesses selected recent proposals for reconceptualized curriculum practice; and suggests implications of the bifurcation of theory and practice for the curriculum field and for schooling. The theory-practice split advocated in reconceptualized curriculum theorizing is regarded as detrimental to the academic field of curriculum and to the prospect for improving curriculum practice in schools.
Whiteness is from another world: Gender, Icelandic international development and multiculturalism

This article focuses on desires, fears and identities as entangled in the past. Emphasizing gendered aspects of mobility, the author takes as examples debates relating to Icelandic Muslims and discussions in regard to Iceland’s increased international involvements in global peacekeeping. She sees them sharing entanglements with the nationalistic ideologies of Europeans as carrier of justice and equality, as well as a collective forgetting of past histories that foreground and position people in relation to migrations and encounters in the present. In these cases, gender is tightly interwoven with the tapestry of meaning, foregrounding, explaining and informing the relationships involved.
'Up for it, mad for it? Women, drug use and participation in club scenes'

In this paper the meanings that participating in contemporary club scenes have for women are analysed in terms of risk and pleasure. The notion that club spaces provide an equal environment where women are free to participate without encountering sexual harassment from men is questioned, as is the assumption that all club spaces are the same. The differences between club spaces are discussed in terms of mainstreams and undergrounds and the implications that these different spaces have an impact on the women who choose a clubbing lifestyle. Previous accounts of women's sexual behaviour have focused on risk and danger. This extended analysis, by putting this behaviour into the context of drug use, risk and pleasure allows for a different reading of women's experiences. An ethnographic study using in-depth interviews, focus groups and participant observations was carried out to ascertain how women viewed their own participation on club scenes. The data suggests that women feel more comfortable in underground club spaces as they encounter less sexual harassment there, and that factors such as alcohol use and self esteem are crucial in determining risk taking behaviour. The use of ecstasy itself was not seen as a precursor to risk taking behaviour. The negotiation of femininity and sexuality in club spaces is highlighted as problematic for the women concerned. In constructing identities within club spaces however, a positive femininity can be produced in opposition to traditional, passive images of femininity and sexuality.
Assessment for writing development: trainee english teachers' understanding of formative assessment

Abstract This article considers the development in understanding of aspects of formative assessment of students’ writing at Key Stage 3 (11-14 years) by a group of trainee English teachers. An ‘analysis and application’ approach to writing development, which requires students to master categories and processes then apply them, is outlined and illustrated. A proposed sequence for teaching writing which relies on an ‘engagement and reflection’ approach to writing development is used as a context for discussion of trainee English teachers' ability to identify strengths, achievements and areas for development in students' writing, trainees' ability to use assessment criteria productively, and trainees' ability to use assessment information to inform their own planning and teaching.
Angioplasty for pediatric renovascular hypertension: a 13-year experience.

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the long-term outcome and efficacy of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) for pediatric renal artery stenosis (RAS), which is an important cause of medication-refractory pediatric hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 22 hypertensive children (age range, 3-17 years) who underwent PTRA from February 2000 to July 2012. Sixteen patients had Takayasu arteritis and six fibromuscular dysplasia. Five were not included in the statistical analysis due to loss to follow-up. RESULTS Technical success was achieved in 32 of 34 procedures (94.1%). The stenosis rate decreased from 84.5% before PTRA to 20.1% after PTRA. Treatment was effective in 72.7% (16/22) of patients, including complete cure in 27.3% (6/22) and improvement in 45.5% (10/22). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased from 153 ± 19.1 to 131.7 ± 21.4 mmHg and from 97.9 ± 14.2 to 83.6 ± 19.3 mmHg, respectively (P <0.01). Number of antihypertensive agents decreased from 2.7 to 0.5 per patient. Restenosis was detected in 40.9% (9/22) of patients, with a restenotic interval of 11.8 months (range, 3-47 months). Lesion length was strongly correlated with clinical success (cure and improvement) (independent-sample t test, P <0.001; binary logistic regression, P = 0.040). CONCLUSION Lesion length is an important determination of clinical success with PTRA for pediatric RAS. PTRA is an appropriate treatment option for pediatric renovascular hypertension due to Takayasu arteritis and fibromuscular dysplasia.