Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tacit knowledge sharing between IT workers

Purpose - The transmission of tacit knowledge is crucial to organizations to ensure that individual expertise will be passed throughout a team or department, rather than centred in one employee. It is especially important among information technology (IT) professionals because, in addition to technical knowledge, they deal considerably with a combination of cognition and previous experience to solve daily problems, and implement and develop new systems. The purpose of this paper is to examine how organizational, individual, and environmental factors influence tacit knowledge sharing among IT professionals. Design/methodology/approach - In this study, the author examines how organizational, individual, and environmental factors influence tacit knowledge sharing among IT professionals. To test the hypotheses, the survey method was chosen and a standard questionnaire was applied. The author obtained a sample of 143 respondents and employed a partial least squares (PLS) analysis to assess the structural and confirmatory models. Findings - The results indicate that hardworking, responsible, and introverted employees tend to share their tacit knowledge when they feel they are in a supportive and team-oriented environment, are not overly threatened by competitiveness, and experience good social interactions in the workplace. Research limitations/implications - The main limitation of this study is its small sample size, which may not capture all relationships. Future research can overcome this limitation and consider the role of organizational commitment and trust as possible mediators. Originality/value - To practitioners, this study offers information on how organizations can encourage employees to share tacit knowledge. This research provides some support for the assumption that IT professionals should be managed under particular organizational rules by proposing that IT workers have a strategic role regarding the transmission of tacit knowledge.
Fast $\epsilon$-free Inference of Simulation Models with Bayesian Conditional Density Estimation

Many statistical models can be simulated forwards but have intractable likelihoods. Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) methods are used to infer properties of these models from data. Traditionally these methods approximate the posterior over parameters by conditioning on data being inside an $\epsilon$-ball around the observed data, which is only correct in the limit $\epsilon\! \rightarrow\! 0$. Monte Carlo methods can then draw samples from the approximate posterior to approximate predictions or error bars on parameters. These algorithms critically slow down as $\epsilon\! \rightarrow\! 0$, and in practice draw samples from a broader distribution than the posterior. We propose a new approach to likelihood-free inference based on Bayesian conditional density estimation. Preliminary inferences based on limited simulation data are used to guide later simulations. In some cases, learning an accurate parametric representation of the entire true posterior distribution requires fewer model simulations than Monte Carlo ABC methods need to produce a single sample from an approximate posterior.
Two-Terminal Video Coding

Following recent works on the rate region of the quadratic Gaussian two-terminal source coding problem and limit-approaching code designs, this paper examines multiterminal source coding of two correlated, i.e., stereo, video sequences to save the sum rate over independent coding of both sequences. Two multiterminal video coding schemes are proposed. In the first scheme, the left sequence of the stereo pair is coded by H.264/AVC and used at the joint decoder to facilitate Wyner-Ziv coding of the right video sequence. The first I-frame of the right sequence is successively coded by H.264/AVC intracoding and Wyner-Ziv coding. An efficient stereo matching algorithm based on loopy belief propagation is then adopted at the decoder to produce pixel-level disparity maps between the corresponding frames of the two decoded video sequences on the fly. Based on the disparity maps, side information for both motion vectors and motion-compensated residual frames of the right sequence are generated at the decoder before Wyner-Ziv encoding. In the second scheme, source splitting is employed on top of classic and Wyner-Ziv coding for compression of both I-frames to allow flexible rate allocation between the two sequences. Experiments with both schemes on stereo video sequences using H.264/AVC, LDPC codes for Slepian-Wolf coding of the motion vectors, and scalar quantization in conjunction with LDPC codes for Wyner-Ziv coding of the residual coefficients give a slightly lower sum rate than separate H.264/AVC coding of both sequences at the same video quality.
Mediating role of individualism-collectivism in spirituality’s relation to motivational forgiveness

Many research studies from the perspective of both psychological and religious models have indicated a significant relationship between spirituality and forgiveness. The current study included the cultural aspect in these existing models and investigated the mediating role of individual-level individualism-collectivism (IND-COL) in the relationship between spirituality and forgiveness. The data from 637 participants were analysed for mediational effects and the results indicated significant partial mediational effects for both IND and COL. Structural equation modelling analysis also indicated that spirituality’s relation to forgiveness is structurally mediated by cultural orientation of IND-COL.
Interglacial and Holocene Temperature Reconstructions Based on Midge Remains in Sediments of Two Lakes from Baffin Island, Nunavut, Arctic Canada

Midge remains (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae and Chaoboridae) from two upland lake basins on the Cumberland Peninsula of Baffin Island were analyzed and the results used in a transfer function to reconstruct paleotemperatures. This upland region remained ice-free throughout the last glacial cycle and the two lake basins retain sediments deposited during the previous interglacial period as well as during the Holocene period, but they did not accumulate sediment during most of the glacial period. Midge remains are abundant and well preserved at both sites. Midge-inferred summer surface water temperatures and mean July air temperatures were estimated using an inference model built on modern samples spanning a geographic range extending from Devon Island, Canada to Maine, USA. Data from twenty-nine new surface samples from Baffin Island were added to an existing inference model. The new weighted averaging (WA) model for summer surface water temperature yields r 2 jack = 0.88 and RMSEP = 2.22 °C for summer water temperatures, and r 2 jack = 0.88 and RMSEP = 1.53 °C for mean July air temperatures. Reconstructions at both sites indicate that summer temperatures during the last interglacial were higher than at any time in the Holocene, and 5 to 10 °C higher than present. Peak Holocene temperatures occurred in the first half of the period, and have decreased since about the mid-Holocene.
Functional connectivity eigennetworks reveal different brain dynamics in multiple sclerosis patients

Resting state functional connectivity is defined as correlations in brain activity measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging without any stimulation paradigm. Such connectivity is dynamic, even over the course of minutes, and the development of tools for its analysis is an important challenge in neuroscience. We propose a novel data-driven technique to extract connectivity patterns from dynamic whole-brain networks of multiple subjects. Our technique is based on singular value decomposition and decomposes a collection of networks into linearly independent “eigennetworks” and associated time courses. To deal with the temporal redundancy of networks, we propose a novel subsampling method based on the standard deviation of the connectivity strength. We apply the proposed technique to dynamic resting-state networks of healthy subjects and multiple sclerosis patients, and show its potential to detect aberrant connectivity patterns in patients.
Aspirin and the prevention of venous thromboembolism following total joint arthroplasty

The number of arthroplasties being performed increases each year. Patients undergoing an arthroplasty are at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and appropriate prophylaxis has been recommended. However, the optimal protocol and the best agent to minimise VTE under these circumstances are not known. Although many agents may be used, there is a difference in their efficacy and the risk of bleeding. Thus, the selection of a particular agent relies on the balance between the desire to minimise VTE and the attempt to reduce the risk of bleeding, with its undesirable, and occasionally fatal, consequences. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is an agent for VTE prophylaxis following arthroplasty. Many studies have shown its efficacy in minimising VTE under these circumstances. It is inexpensive and well-tolerated, and its use does not require routine blood tests. It is also a ‘milder’ agent and unlikely to result in haematoma formation, which may increase both the risk of infection and the need for further surgery. Aspirin is also unlikely to result in persistent wound drainage, which has been shown to be associated with the use of agents such as low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and other more aggressive agents. The main objective of this review was to summarise the current evidence relating to the efficacy of aspirin as a VTE prophylaxis following arthroplasty, and to address some of the common questions about its use. There is convincing evidence that, taking all factors into account, aspirin is an effective, inexpensive, and safe form of VTE following arthroplasty in patients without a major risk factor for VTE, such as previous VTE. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1420–30.
Collaboration Between Addiction Treatment and Child Welfare Fields: Opportunities in a Canadian Context

The aim of this study was to explore factors that facilitate or impede collaboration in a Canadian context. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 24 managers and direct service staff from substance use treatment and the child welfare fields in different regions of a Canadian province. Findings underscore the importance of examining cross-system collaboration specific to regional policy contexts, such as British Columbia's harm reduction approach to substance use and addiction. At the same time, many of the barriers and driving forces for collaboration found in this study echo the experiences of other countries.
Optimal Traffic-Oblivious Energy-Aware Routing for Multihop Wireless Networks

Energy efficiency is an important issue in multihop wireless networks with energy concerns. Usually it is achieved with accurate knowledge of the traffic pattern and/or the current network information such as the remaining energy level. We investigate the problem of designing a routing scheme to minimize the maximum energy utilization of a multihop wireless network with weak assumption of the traffic pattern and without ongoing collection of network information. We develop polynomial size LP models to design such a routing scheme. We discuss generalizations of the LP models to various radio transmission models. In an interference-limited scenario, we show how to guarantee schedulability of the oblivious routing. We present an extension to consider lossy links. We also discuss implementation issues. The LP models achieve performance close to what an oracle can achieve in the performance study. The results for multihop wireless networks with a single sink are especially good. We make a first stride in designing a traffic-oblivious energy-aware routing framework in multihop wireless networks.
How do oncologists deal with incidental abnormalities on whole‐body fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT?

Combined positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) using fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is an exciting technique for cancer evaluation, but false‐positive results are a recognized limitation. The aim of the study was to evaluate how oncologists deal with focal extrathyroidal FDG abnormalities considered by imaging specialists to be unrelated to the referral indication.
Linking Theory and Context: ‘Strategy Research in Emerging Economies’ after Wright et al. (2005)

Emerging economies provide a laboratory for investigating the interaction between firm strategies and local contexts. Mike Wright and colleagues have shaped this research agenda by creating legitimacy for this line of research, and by outlining how research in four types of strategy contexts can advance theories. We assess how this agenda has progressed in eight leading journals in the past decade, particularly during the five years following their review, with the aims to identify broad trends of theorizing, and to outline future research challenges. Emerging economy contexts challenge some of the assumptions of theories originally developed for markets that are relatively stable and efficient. Researchers have advanced several theoretical perspectives by addressing these challenges. Wright and colleagues focused on institutional theory as a major foundation for such work, and we find it continuing to be the most popular theoretical perspective. In addition, new perspectives have emerged, focusing on learning, relationships, real options, and spillovers as focal concepts for theorizing.
Diel changes in humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae feeding behavior in response to sand lance Ammodytes spp. behavior and distribution

Humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae have adopted unique feeding strategies to take advantage of behavioral changes in their prey. However, logistical constraints have largely lim- ited ecological analyses of these interactions. Our objectives were to (1) link humpback whale feed- ing behaviors to concurrent measurements of prey using scientific echo-sounders, and (2) quantify how sand lance behavior influences the feeding behaviors and foraging ecology of humpback whales. To measure, in fine detail, the 3-dimensional orientation and movement patterns of hump- back whales underwater, we used a multi-sensor tag attached via suction cups (DTAG). We tested the specific hypothesis that the diel movement patterns of sand lance between bottom substrate and the water column correlates to changes between surface and bottom feeding strategies of humpback whales on Stellwagen Bank, MA. We collected over 96 h of both day- and nighttime data from 15 whales in 2006, and recorded 393 surface and 230 bottom feeding events. Individual whales exhibit both surface and bottom feeding behaviors, switching from one to the other in relation to changing light and prey conditions. Surface feeding behaviors were individually variable in their constitution but ubiquitously biased towards daylight hours, when prey was most abundant in the upper portion of the water column. Bottom feeding behavior occurred largely at night, coincident with when sand lance descend to seek refuge in the substrate. Our data provide novel insights into the behavioral ecology of humpback whales and their prey, indicating significant diel patterns in for- aging behaviors concurrent with changes in prey behavior.
Children's Eye Movements in Reading: A Commentary

Abstract. Issues related to research on children's eye movements during reading are discussed. Specifically, the following topics are addressed: (1) basic methodological issues, (2) prior research findings on children's reading, (3) research that is missing in the literature regarding children's eye movements during reading, (4) applied issues, (5) implications for practice, and (6) the potential utility of recording children's eye movements during reading when conducting future applied research. In the latter two sections, the articles in this special issue are discussed.
Assessment of Effective Communication Competencies Possessed by University Business Education Graduates for Successful Running of Businesses in South South Nigeria

This study investigated employers assessment of effective communication competencies possessed by university Business Education graduates for successful running of businesses in south south Nigeria. One research question and three hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The population comprised 318 employers of Business Education graduates in Rivers State and Delta State. The population also served as sample since it was manageable. The instrument for data collection was a 20 item questionnaire whose face and content were adequately validated by experts. The instrument internal consistency was determined using cronbach alpha, which has reliability of 0.93. The research question data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Z-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the study revealed among others that Business Education graduates are competent in ability to speak clearly with empathy, ability to display good listening skills, ability to interpret message correctly, ability to relate information appropriately to concerned parties. However, they are not competent in ability to formulate points of view and ability to meet the functional needs of the media. It was recommended among others that university Business Education graduates should constantly undergo training and retaining on communication courses to be more competent in all communication skills, more business communication courses should be built in business education curriculum to enable the students acquire more communication competencies.
Extent of Cropland and Related Soil Erosion Risk in Rwanda (卢旺达农田面积扩张带来的土壤侵蚀风险研究)

在非洲，农田开垦是造成土壤侵蚀的主要原因。 本研究以卢旺达为例，评估了该国当前的农田面积和土壤侵蚀情况。 卢旺达是非洲最近十年人口增加和农田扩张最快的国家。 我们利用 Landsat-8 影像，得到了卢旺达 2015 年的土地利用和覆被数据。 基于降水、土壤性质、数字高程模型（DEM）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）和土壤保护因子数据，驱动 RUSLE（Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation）模型，评估了卢旺达的土壤侵蚀速率，空间分辨率是 30 米。 模型结果显示，该国坡地的平均土壤侵蚀速率是 13.64 t ha-1y-1，每年土壤总流失量约为三千万吨。 农田占总侵蚀面积的 60%，速率为 12.62 t·ha−1·y−1，占总流失量的 56%。 约 93.49%的农田，其平均土壤流失率超过 1 t·ha−1·y−1。 同时，土壤侵蚀率高（>10 t·ha−1·y−1）的农田有 42.94%位于坡度大（27-50%）和降水强（1119-1254 mm y-1）的地区。 根据我们的研究，仅建造梯田就可以使土壤流失率减少 70%。 控制火灾和减少人为干扰，如控制乱砍乱伐和牲畜的踩踏，可以减少森林和草地的土壤侵蚀风险。 土壤侵蚀的减少能改善卢旺达的水体污染和粮食安全问题。 该研究使用的方法可以帮助其他科学家和土地管理者评估实测数据缺乏地区的土壤侵蚀情况，指导人们采取合理的保护措施治理土壤。
The Person: An Introduction to Personality Psychology

Part I: The Background: Persons, Human Nature, and Culture Chapter 1: Studying the Person Chapter 2: Evolution and Nature Chapter 3: Social Learning and Nature Part II: Sketching the Outline: Dispositional Traits and the Prediction of Behavior Chapter 4: Personality Traits: Fundamental Concepts and Issues Chapter 5: Five Basic Traits Chapter 6: Traits Across the Lifespan: Continity and Change Part III: Filling in the Details: Characteristc Adaptations to Life Tasks Chapter 7: Motives and Goals: What Do We Want in Life? Chapter 8: Self and Others: Social - Cognitive Aspects of Personality Chapter 9: Developmental Stages and Tasks Part IV: Making a Life: The Stories We Live By Chapter 10: Life Scripts, Life Stories Chapter 11: Interpreting People's Stories: From Freud to Feminism Chapter 12: Writing Stories of Lives: Biography and the Life Course Summary Glossary References
Class-ifying London

Richard Florida's Rise of the Creative Class of 2002 ends with a clarion call for a post-industrial, post-class sensibility: ‘The task of building a truly creative society is not a game of solitaire. This game, we play as a team. ’ Florida's sentiment has been echoed across a broad and interdisciplinary literature in social theory and public policy, producing a new conventional wisdom: that class antagonisms are redundant in today's climate of competitive professionalism and a dominant creative mainstream. Questions of social justice are thus deflected by reassurances that there is no ‘I’ in team, and that ‘we’ must always be defined by corporate membership rather than class-based solidarities. The post-industrial city becomes a post-political city nurtured by efficient, market-oriented governance leavened with a generous dose of multicultural liberalism. In this paper, we analyze how this Floridian fascination has spread into debates on contemporary urban social structure and neighbourhood change. In particular, we focus on recent arguments that London has become a thoroughly middle-class, post-industrial metropolis. We evaluate the empirical claims and interpretive generalizations of this literature by using the classical tools of urban factorial ecology to analyze small-area data from the UK Census. Our analysis documents a durable, fine-grained geography of social class division in London, which has been changed but not erased by ongoing processes of industrial and occupational restructuring: the central tensions of class in the city persist. Without critical empirical and theoretical analysis of the contours of post-industrial class division, the worsening inequalities of cities like London will be de-politicized. We suggest that class-conscious scholars should only head to Florida for Spring Break or retirement.
Management of childhood appendicitis: laparoscopic versus open approach

32 Aim: Laparoscopic management of pediatric appendicitis remains controversial. A retrospective chart review was performed to compare laparoscopic versus open approach in the treatment of childhood appendicitis. Patients and Methods: Three hundred thirty seven children who underwent appendectomy with preoperative diagnosis of appendicitis over a 36-month period were included to the study. Primary outcome measures were postoperative wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess formation and intestinal obstruction. Secondary outcome measures were the length of operation, time to oral feeding, analgesic need and hospitalization time. Results: Total number of children in laparoscopy group was 126 (39.8%) whereas this number for open group was 188 (59%). There were 3 (1%) conversions in laparoscopy group. Mean length of operative time for laparoscopic (LA: 52 ±1.34 min), and open appendectomy (OA: 54 ± 1.27min), were similar (p>0.05). Time to full enteral feeding (OA: 24 ±1.1h, LA: 14±0.5h), analgesic usage (OA: 48±5h, LA: 24±5h) and length of hospitalization (OA: 3.9±0.1 day, LA: 2.8±0.1 day) were shorter in laparoscopic group compared to the open procedure (p<0.05). Early postoperative complication rate as wound infection (OA: 2.5%, LA: 0.3%), intra-abdominal abscess formation (OA: 1.3%, LA: 0.3%) were higher in OA group (p<0.05). Adhesive intestinal obstruction in need of re-operation was encountered in 5 (1.6 %) children in OA versus none in LA (p<0.05). Similar results were obtained for simple and complicated appendicitis separately. Conclusions: Laparoscopic appendectomy is at least as safe and effective as open appendectomy in the management of childhood appendicitis. LA does not increase length of operation and offers a faster recovery. Postoperative complication rate is low compared to open approach.