Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University students vary their use of textese in digital messages to suit the recipient

Background: The casual, abbreviated writing style sometimes known as ‘textese’ (e.g., sorry im late ☹) has become widespread with the rise of digital communication. We explored Australian university students’ views on, and use of, textese across three modalities (text message, Facebook post, email) and three recipient types (friends, peers, lecturers). Methods: In Study 1, 51 undergraduates composed messages across the three modalities to the three recipient types. They also rated the appropriateness of messages written with high, medium and no textese, across modality and recipient types. In Study 2, 37 additional students provided examples of their own sent messages across modalities and recipients. Results: Overall, participants rated textese use as more appropriate, and used significantly more textese, in messages to friends, than to peers, than to lecturers. Conclusions: Undergraduates are sensitive to when and where it is appropriate to use textese and vary their use (and opinions) of written language as a function of the recipient.
Neoplasms of the salivary glands: a descriptive retrospective study of 142 cases-Mulago Hospital Uganda.

OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at establishing the prevalence, sex, age, and site distribution of salivary gland neoplasms as seen in the Department of Oral Surgery Mulago Hospital Uganda. DESIGN Descriptive retrospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Histopathological results from the Department of Oral Surgery were retrieved and analyzed for histological diagnosis, age, sex, and site. Records retrieved included those from January 1988 to December 2000. Student's t-test and z-test were used for data analysis. RESULTS Of all neoplasms seen in the Department between 1988 and 2000, salivary gland tumors comprised 7.8% of which 77 (54.23%) were benign and 65 (45.77%) were malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most prevalent over all. Among the malignant group, adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent of those where the palate was the most affected site. The age range was 1-80 years with the overall mean age being 33.83 +/- 18. 83. The mean age for the benign lesions was 26.74 +/- 16.0 and for the malignant lesions was 42.49 +/- 19.15. CONCLUSION The findings were in agreement with most African studies but differed from studies from the other continents. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most prevalent salivary gland neoplasm with both males and females affected equally. More research is needed on specific salivary gland neoplasms in Uganda and preferentially on a regional basis geographically. However, if valid data on the diagnosis as well as age, site, and sex distribution are to be obtained, an improvement in the standardization of diagnosis and reporting of patient data will be necessary.
The relationship between fundamental movement skills and the health and fitness of Canadian children

The health and fitness status of Canadian children has been declining over the past several decades. Children’s health and fitness impacts future health status as many health and fitness indicators track from youth into adulthood and are associated with serious illnesses such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). One potential determining factor of health and fitness may be the level of proficiency exhibited in performing fundamental movement skills (FMS). Failure to master FMS in childhood may decrease the physical activity options available in adulthood because FMS provide a foundation for all forms of physical activity pursuits necessary for health and fitness benefits. Todate, the relationship between health, fitness and proficiency of FMS has not been examined in Canadian children. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to examine the current state of movement skill proficiency in relation to health and fitness in Canadian elementary-aged children. Boys (n = 71) and girls (n = 91 girls) ages 8 to 11 years were recruited from schools participating in the evaluation component of the Action Schools! BC program. Measures of fundamental movement skill proficiency (i.e., running, horizontal jumping, vertical jumping, jumping from a height, hopping, and skipping) and indicators of health and fitness (i.e., blood pressure, arterial compliance, weight status, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular fitness) were assessed. Results indicated low levels of FMS proficiency for both boys and girls. Analysis also revealed significant relationships between EMS and indicators of health and fitness. Correlation analyses found running and hopping to be significantly (p < .01) related to musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory fitness tests. Significant (p < .01) relationships between vertical jumping and weight status, musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory fitness were also found by the correlation analyses. Regression analyses were performed to determine the independent relationship between health and fitness indicators. Vertical jump was significantly (p < .01) related to blood pressure (BP) independent of confounding health and fitness variables. Finding significant relationships between FMS proficiencies and health and fitness indicators coupled with the low proficiencies demonstrated by our sample of children suggest the need for a greater emphasis on the development of FMS.
X11α impairs γ‐ but not β‐cleavage of amyloid precursor protein

The phosphotyrosine binding domain of the neuronal protein X11α/mint‐1 binds to the C‐terminus of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and inhibits catabolism to β‐amyloid (Aβ), but the mechanism of this effect is unclear. Coexpression of X11α or its PTB domain with APPswe inhibited secretion of Aβ40 but not APPsβswe, suggesting inhibition of γ‐ but not β‐secretase. To further probe cleavage(s) inhibited by X11α, we coexpressed β‐secretase (BACE‐1) or a component of the γ‐secretase complex (PS‐1Δ9) with APP, APPswe, or C99, with and without X11α, in HEK293 cells. X11α suppressed the PS‐1Δ9‐induced increase in Aβ42 secretion generated from APPswe or C99. However, X11α did not impair BACE‐1‐mediated proteolysis of APP or APPswe to C99. In contrast to impaired γ‐cleavage of APPswe, X11α or its PTB domain did not inhibit γ‐cleavage of NotchΔE to NICD (the Notch intracellular domain). The X11α PDZ–PS. 1Δ9 interaction did not affect γ‐cleavage activity. In a cell‐free system, X11α did not inhibit the catabolism of APP C‐terminal fragments. These data suggest that X11α may inhibit Aβ secretion from APP by impairing its trafficking to sites of active γ‐secretase complexes. By specifically targeting substrate instead of enzyme X11α may function as a relatively specific γ‐secretase inhibitor.
Planning, Plans, and People: Professional Expertise, Local Knowledge, and Governmental Action in Post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans

In rebuilding after the largest disaster in our nation's history—Hurricane Katrina— New Orleans has faced two key challenges: (1) how to enable all residents, including those with the fewest resources, to return to the city without recreating pre-Hurricane Katrina vulnerabilities and the inequities they represent; and (2) how to prioritize limited redevelopment resources. A citywide recovery strategy was necessary to address these challenges. The purpose of this article is to examine the planning processes and the difficulties the city has faced in developing its recovery blueprint. Two interrelated, yet distinct, tensions played out through these processes: (1) tension between the need for "speed and delibera- tion" (Olshansky, 2006) in formulating a recovery blueprint and (2) tension between the relative weight afforded professional and resident assessments and priorities in setting recovery agendas. These tensions, accompanied by unanticipated resident distrust of government and professionals and the failure of city officials to designate quickly a single agency with the authority to guide a comprehensive recovery planning process, slowed the development of a citywide rebuilding strategy.
An X-Ray Investigation of Pharyngeal Constriction in American English Schwa

Abstract A study of early X-ray footage of 4 subjects was conducted to test the prediction that there may be a midpharyngeal constriction in American English schwa. Results show a significant constriction during schwa relative to lingual rest position for all 4 speakers. This evidence contradicts views of American English schwa as having no articulatory target or place features, as well as those which have suggested a neutral target throughout the vocal tract. These findings, however, support claims connecting English schwa with reduced /r/. In addition to the basic effect 1 subject showed a bimodal pattern in schwa, which may indicate that this subject has distinct schwas in lexical vs. functional words, a property that has also been observed with respect to /r/ in r-vocalizing dialects.
Acid-Labile Subunit Deficiency and Growth Failure: Description of Two Novel Cases

Background/Aims: Mutations in the acid-labile subunit (ALS) gene (IGFALS) have been associated with circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) deficiency and short stature. Whether severe pubertal delay is also part of the phenotype remains controversial due to the small number of cases reported. We report 2 children with a history of growth failure due to novel IGFALS mutations. Methods: The growth hormone receptor gene (GHR) and IGFALS were analyzed by direct sequencing. Ternary complex formation was studied by size exclusion chromatography. Results: Two boys of 13.3 and 10.6 years, with pubertal stages 2 and 1, had mild short stature (–3.2 and –2.8 SDS, respectively) and a biochemical profile suggestive of growth hormone resistance. No defects were identified in the GHR. Patient 1 was homozygous for the IGFALS missense mutation P73L. Patient 2 was a compound heterozygote for the missense mutation L134Q and a novel GGC to AG substitution at position 546–548 (546–548delGGCinsAG). The latter causes a frameshift and the appearance of a premature stop codon. Size exclusion chromatography showed no peaks corresponding to ternary and binary complexes in either patient. Conclusion: Screening of the IGFALS is important in children with short stature associated with low serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and ALS.
The personalities of Bush and Gorbatchev measured at a distance: procedures, portraits and policy

We assessed the personalities of George Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev at a distance, using methods and materials developed by each of the authors for measuring motives, cognitions, and traits. We discuss methodological and procedural issues. Results are presented in terms of quantitative scores, expressed in comparison with other political leaders. The integrated personality portraits developedfor each leader are discussed in relation to popular and media impressions of that leader. We conclude with some predictions and suggestions about policy implications, including ways of facilitating direct negotiations between Bush and Gorbachev.
A psychoanalytic exploration of media exposure to terrorism intrapyschic correlates of adult resilience to the Bali bombing

This thesis explored the utility of psychoanalytic object relations theory as a framework for understanding the intrapsychic processes that predicate adult resilience following exposure in the media to a large-scale terrorist attack. Little, if anything, is known about how people respond to media coverage of a large-scale terrorist attack when they reside in a different country from where a terrorist attack occurred, but their nationality is highly represented in the directly exposed group. The Bali bombing on October 12, 2002 was investigated as an exemplar of this exposure type in the Australian population. More than two thirds of the dead and injured in the bombing were Australian citizens, and the event attracted national grief and mourning (Raphael, 2005). Although research on intrapsychic processes draws heavily on projective methodology, a number of self-report instruments have recently been developed that tap conscious derivatives of unconscious processes. To date, efforts to validate and employ these new instruments have focused almost exclusively on examining their relations to various diagnostic categories within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) nomenclature. Few, if any, studies have explored the potential relationship among intrapsychic processes and the construct of adult resilience as conceptualised by Bonanno (2004, 2005). This thesis has two broad aims. The first was to explore the potential association of media exposure to trauma response and trauma management using resilience as an exemplar of effective trauma management. The second aim was to explore particular intrapsychic processes that purportedly operate unconsciously and to examine their relationship with adult
Enhanced anticancer efficacy of paclitaxel through multistage tumor-targeting liposomes modified with RGD and KLA peptides

Mitochondria serve as both “energy factories” and “suicide weapon stores” of cells. Targeted delivery of cytotoxic drugs to the mitochondria of tumor cells and tumor vascular cells is a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. Here, multistage tumor-targeting liposomes containing two targeted peptide-modified lipids, cRGD-PEG2000-DSPE and KLA-PEG2000-DSPE, were developed for encapsulation of the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX, RGD-KLA/PTX-Lips). Compared with Taxol (free PTX), RGD/PTX-Lips and KLA/PTX-Lips, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of RGD-KLA/PTX-Lips in vitro was 1.9-, 36.7- and 22.7-fold lower with 4T1 cells, respectively, because of higher levels of cellular uptake. Similar results were also observed with human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). An apoptosis assay showed that the total apoptotic ratio of RGD-KLA/PTX-Lips was the highest because of the mitochondria-targeted drug delivery and the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathways, as evidenced by visible mitochondrial localization, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c and increased activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3. The strongest tumor growth inhibition (TGI; 80.6%) and antiangiogenesis effects without systemic toxicity were also observed in RGD-KLA/PTX-Lip-treated 4T1 tumor xenograft BALB/c mice. In conclusion, these multistage tumor-targeting liposomes represent a promising anticancer drug delivery system (DDS) capable of maximizing anticancer therapeutic efficacy and minimizing systemic toxicity.
A Description of Higher Macrobenthic Infaunal Taxa of MangroveMud Flats at Khamir Port, Iran

The diversity of mangrove macrobenthos assemblages at mudflat and mangrove ecosystems of Port Khamir, Iran were investigated for one year. During this period, we measured physicochemical properties of water temperature, salinity, pH, DO and the density and distribution of the macrobenthos. We sampled a total of 9 transects, at three different topographic levels (High tide,Mid tide and Low tide) along the intertidal zone at three stations. Assemblages at class level were compared. The five most diverse and abundant classes were Foraminifers (54%), Gastropods (23%), Polychaetes (10%), Bivalves (8%) & Crustaceans (5%), respectively. Overall densities were 1869 ± 424 ind.m2 (26%) in spring, 2544 ± 383 ind.m2 (36%) in summer, 1482 ± 323 ind.m2 (21%) in autumn and 1207 ± 80 ind.m2 (17%) in winter. Along the intertidal zone, the overall relative density of individuals at high, intermediate, and low topographic levels was 40, 30, and 30% respectively. Biodiversity indices were used to compare different classes: Gastropoda (Shannon-Weaver index: 0.33) and Foraminifera (Simpson index: 0.28) obtained the highest scores. With the exception of bivalves, filter feeders were associated with coarser sediments at higher intertidal levels, while deposit feeders were associated with finer sediments at lower levels. Salinity was the most important factor acting on community structure, while DO and pH had little influence.
Research on Healthy Anomaly Detection Model Based on Deep Learning from Multiple Time-Series Physiological Signals

Health is vital to every human being. To further improve its already respectable medical technology, the medical community is transitioning towards a proactive approach which anticipates and mitigates risks before getting ill. This approach requires measuring the physiological signals of human and analyzes these data at regular intervals. In this paper, we present a novel approach to apply deep learning in physiological signals analysis that allows doctor to identify latent risks. However, extracting high level information from physiological time-series data is a hard problem faced by the machine learning communities. Therefore, in this approach, we apply model based on convolutional neural network that can automatically learn features from raw physiological signals in an unsupervised manner and then based on the learned features use multivariate Gauss distribution anomaly detection method to detect anomaly data. Our experiment is shown to have a significant performance in physiological signals anomaly detection. So it is a promising tool for doctor to identify early signs of illness even if the criteria are unknown a priori.
COMMUNITY‐ACQUIRED, NON‐MULTIRESISTANT OXACILLIN‐RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (NORSA) IN SOUTH WESTERN SYDNEY

Summary Community‐acquired oxacillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) infections are an emerging problem in the 1990s in Sydney, Australia. Laboratory data pertaining to all specimens that grew S. aureus between 1/1/1990 and 31/12/1999 were analysed. A total of 12,909 isolates of S. aureus were obtained. The proportions that were nonmultiresistant oxacillin‐resistant S. aureus (NORSA) increased from 0.09% in 1990 to 5.5% in 1999. Resistance of NORSA strains to erythromycin was 8.5%, ciprofloxacin 8.4%, tetracycline 13%, rifampicin 0.7%, and fusidic acid 5.3%. A chart review was performed for cases of NORSA infection which occurred 1/1/1998‐3/5/1998. Isolates from these cases underwent E‐test oxacillin MIC testing, mecA determinant PCR, phage typing and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis. All nine of the patients with NORSA were Polynesians, and all had serious soft tissue infections. Bacteraemia was not seen. Only one patient received vancomycin yet all recovered. Isolates from all nine patients contained the mecA determinant. Oxacillin MICs were 1‐8 mg/l. Strain differentiation with phage typing and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis showed isolates from eight patients were closely related and were similar to New Zealand WSPP 1 and WSPP 2 strains. Medical practitioners should take specimens for culture and sensitivity from lesions where infection with S. aureus is likely. Empirical treatment of staphylococcal infections in Polynesians needs to cover NORSA. Methods to detect oxacillin resistance need to be robust.
How Much Afterhyperpolarization Conductance Is Recruited by an Action Potential? A Dynamic-Clamp Study in Cat Lumbar Motoneurons

We accurately measured the conductance responsible for the afterhyperpolarization (medium AHP) that follows a single spike in spinal motoneurons of anesthetized cats. This was done by using the dynamic-clamp method. We injected an artificial current in the neurons that increased the AHP amplitude, and we made use of the fact that the intensity of the natural AHP current at the trough of the voltage trajectory was related linearly to the AHP amplitude. We determined at the same time the conductance and the reversal potential of the AHP current. This new method was validated by a simple theoretical model incorporating AHP and hyperpolarization-activated (Ih) currents and could be applied when the decay time constant of the AHP conductance was at least five times shorter than the estimated Ih activation time. This condition was fulfilled in 33 of 44 motoneurons. The AHP conductance varied from 0.3 to 1.4 μS in both slow- and fast-type motoneurons, which was approximately the same range as the input conductance of the entire population. However, AHP and input conductances were not correlated. The larger AHP in slow-type motoneurons was mainly attributable to their smaller input conductance compared with fast motoneurons. The likeness of the AHP conductance in both types of motoneurons is in sharp contrast to differences in AHP decay time and explains why slow- and fast-type motoneurons have similar gain.
T Cell Responses Are Required for Protection from Clinical Disease and for Virus Clearance in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-Infected Mice

ABSTRACT A dysregulated innate immune response and exuberant cytokine/chemokine expression are believed to be critical factors in the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), caused by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV). However, we recently showed that inefficient immune activation and a poor virus-specific T cell response underlie severe disease in SARS-CoV-infected mice. Here, we extend these results to show that virus-specific T cells, in the absence of activation of the innate immune response, were sufficient to significantly enhance survival and diminish clinical disease. We demonstrated that T cells are responsible for virus clearance, as intravenous adoptive transfer of SARS-CoV-immune splenocytes or in vitro-generated T cells to SCID or BALB/c mice enhanced survival and reduced virus titers in the lung. Enhancement of the number of virus-specific CD8 T cells by immunization with SARS-CoV peptide-pulsed dendritic cells also resulted in a robust T cell response, earlier virus clearance, and increased survival. These studies are the first to show that T cells play a crucial role in SARS-CoV clearance and that a suboptimal T cell response contributes to the pathological changes observed in SARS. They also provide a new approach to SARS vaccine design.
Patients' perceptions of web self-service applications in primary healthcare

This paper presents the preliminary findings of a case study of patients' acceptance and usage of web self-service - online appointment system - in a primary health care centre in a regional area in Australia. After two months of implementation, structured interviews were undertaken over three months to ascertain patients' perceptions of the web self-service application. The findings indicates that patients' acceptance of the web self-service application maybe hindered by their relative lower computer ownership or inadequate computer skills and access to the internet, their preference for flexible personal communication for appointment making and inadequate flexibility of the appointment system compared to phone call. Our preliminary findings may suggest that more than half of the healthcare consumers in this area are likely to accept the PCEHR initiative, however the decision makers of the PCEHR system need to carefully design the strategies and practice for the introduction of the innovation to overcome the substantial barriers to consumers' ability to access the internet-based e-health solutions.