Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Translocal Subjectivities: Mobility, Connection, Emotion

This special issue is concerned with the complex forms of subjectivity and feeling that emerge through geographical mobility. The mobility of particular interest is that which spans national borders, specifically in the sense of transnational migration, with its dynamics of departure, circulation and extended social networks. In examining the subjectivities that emerge through such movement, our starting point is the now relatively widespread understanding of the self as a relational achievement. From this perspective who we are derives in part from the multiple connections we have to other people, events and things, whether these are geographically close or distant, located in the present or past. This constellation of others may influence us in diverse ways, acting via physical encounter and somatic internalisation, in response to the power of images and narratives, and through the operation of memory and desire. The everyday mannerisms that characterise a person – their rhythms of speech, bodily comportment and taste preferences – are testament to such influences, while also highlighting the complex interplay between inheritance and environment. We can also observe that some events and relational connections have enduring impacts upon the self, such as the resonance of educational opportunity or perhaps the grief of a personal loss. Others touch us only fleetingly, however, and are quickly absorbed in the passing flow of life, seemingly forgotten. Selfhood is thus always a hybrid achievement, emerging out of a diverse
Youth Residential Independence and Autonomy

This article illustrates the situation of young people in terms of residential independence (living with parents vs. living outside the parental home) and the relationship with the labor market, the two factors that create the most difficulty in the transition to adulthood. Using data from the Labour Force Surveys (from 1983 to 1994), conducted in all European Union countries, some descriptive comparisons concerning residential trends and work status among three southern European countries (Spain, Greece, and Italy) and three central European countries (France, Germany, and the United Kingdom) are presented. Main aspects of recent trends are an increase in the nonactive population, with a majority living with their parents; stability in the proportion unemployed and their residential status; and a significant increase of young people with a job still living with their parents in the southern countries, especially those ages 25 to 29. In particular, the situation of young adults in the southern countries appeared to deteriorate between 1986 and 1994, with the failure to achieve full social integration as adults. Cultural and economic factors that explain this situation are discussed.
Effect of a Dedicated Pharmacy Student Summer Research Program on Publication Rate

Objectives. This study investigated the impact of an optional 12-week summer research program on the publication outcomes and satisfaction with the required research projects of doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students at the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (SSPPS) at the University of California San Diego. Methods. PubMed and Google searches provided student publications, and satisfaction surveys submitted by students provided their perceptions of the research project value. Results. Of the studied cohort, the 130 students who fulfilled the requirement through the optional summer research program provided 61 full-text manuscripts and 113 abstracts. The 305 students who chose the standard pathway provided 35 full-text manuscripts and 34 abstracts. Students in both pathways agreed or strongly agreed that the research project was a valuable experience. Conclusions. The 12-week intensive summer research program improved the publication rate of pharmacy students and provided a high overall satisfaction with this independent learning experience.
An Assessment of the Theoretical Underpinnings of Practical Participatory Evaluation

This article is concerned with the underpinnings of practical participatory evaluation (PPE). Evaluation approaches have long been criticized because their results are often not used. It is believed that PPE addresses this drawback. The article focuses on the mechanisms underlying the links between activities and consequences in PPE. A PPE theory is proposed, based on learning theories and knowledge transfer theories, which comprises four key concepts and three hypotheses. The key concepts are interactive data production, knowledge coconstruction, local context of action, and instrumental use. The hypotheses articulate the relationships between these concepts. The article provides theoretical and empirical evidence to support the hypotheses discussed and present a framework for the proposed PPE theory. The importance of practitioner knowledge and participation in the PPE process in enhancing the use of results is partially supported by the literature. In general, it seems that the support is more theoretical than empirical.
Memory for affectively valenced and neutral stimuli in depression: Evidence from a novel matching task

Depressed persons have better memory for affectively negative than positive stimuli, a pattern generally not exhibited by non-depressed individuals. The mechanisms underlying this differential memory are not clear. In this study we examined memory for valenced and neutral stimuli in depressed and non-depressed individuals under conditions of relatively unconstrained encoding. We developed a novel task based on the game, Concentration, in which participants tried to match pairs of positive and negative words, and pairs of neutral words, hidden under squares in as few turns as possible. Whereas non-depressed participants selected and turned over positive squares more frequently than they did negative squares, depressed participants selected and turned over positive and negative squares equally often. Depressed participants also matched fewer positive word pairs within the first five minutes of the task than did non-depressed participants, and they exhibited poorer learning of positive words. Depressed and non-depressed participants did not differ in their matching of neutral words. These findings add to a growing literature indicating that depression is characterised by difficulties in the processing of positive stimuli.
Chronic Avoidance Helps Explain the Relationship Between Severity of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Psychological Distress in Adulthood

ABSTRACT Recent studies have found that chronic avoidance of unpleasant internal experiences (e.g., thoughts, emotions, memories) is a maladaptive means of affect regulation often adopted by women with a history of sexual victimization in childhood. The primary aim of this study was to replicate and extend previous findings suggesting that higher levels of experiential avoidance may account for the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and psychological distress in adulthood. It was hypothesized that, in a sample of undergraduate females (n = 151), the relationship between severity of CSA (e.g., frequency, nature of victimization) and trauma-related psychological distress would be mediated by avoidance. Results supported this hypothesis. Findings are consistent with previous studies, and further suggest that the general tendency to avoid or escape from unpleasant internal experiences may be a specific factor that exacerbates psychological distress among women with a history of sexual victimization in childhood.
Prolonged STAT1 Activation Is Associated with Interferon-γ Priming for Interleukin-1-induced Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase Expression by Islets of Langerhans*

In this study, the ability of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to prime rat and nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse islets for interleukin-1 (IL-1)-stimulated expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) has been examined. IL-1-induced iNOS expression by rat islets is concentration-dependent with maximal expression occurring in response to 1.0 unit/ml. Individually, neither 0.1 unit/ml IL-1 nor 150 units/ml IFN-γ stimulates iNOS expression or nitrite production by rat islets. However, a 30–60-min pulse of rat islets with IFN-γ, followed by washing to remove the cytokine and continued culture with 0.1 unit/ml IL-1 for 40 h, results in iNOS expression and nitrite production to levels similar in magnitude to the individual effects of 1.0 unit/ml IL-1. A 1-h pulse with IFN-γ primes for IL-1-induced islet degeneration that is mediated by the expression of iNOS and increased production of nitric oxide. IFN-γ also primes for IL-1-induced iNOS expression and nitrite formation by NOD mouse islets. The priming actions of IFN-γ appear to be selective for β-cells, as IFN-γ primes for IL-1-induced nitrite formation by primary β-cells and RINm5F insulinoma cells, but not primary α-cells. The priming actions of IFN-γ for IL-1-induced iNOS expression do not requirede novo protein synthesis as preincubation of RINm5F cells with cycloheximide does not inhibit iNOS mRNA accumulation under priming conditions. The priming actions of IFN-γ on IL-1-induced iNOS expression persists for extended periods of up to 7 days and are associated with persistent signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)-1 activation. A 30-min pulse of rat islets with IFN-γ stimulates STAT1 phosphorylation, and STAT1 remains phosphorylated for up to 7 days following IFN-γ removal. In addition, STAT1 remains nuclear for up to 7 days after IFN-γ removal. These results indicate that IFN-γ primes for IL-1-induced islet degeneration via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. These findings also provide evidence that the priming actions of IFN-γ for IL-1-induced iNOS expression by islets are associated with the prolonged phosphorylation and activation of STAT1.
Euclidean Bundle Adjustment Independent on Camera Intrinsic Parameters

This research report presents a bundle adjustment technique which is independe- nt on camera intrinsic parameters. Standard bundle adjustment techniques consider camera intrinsic parameters as unknowns in the optimization process. The scheme proposed in this report differs from previous standard techniques since unknown camera intrinsic parameters are computed as a function of the 3D structure and the camera pose. Considering less unknowns in the optimization process produces a faster algorithm which is more adapted to real-time applications. Computationally expensive metric reconstruction, using for example several zooming cameras, considerably benefits from an intrinsics-free bundle adjustment. Indeed, experimental results, obtained using both simulated data and real images, show that the algorithm we propose not only considerably reduces the computational cost but also improves the accuracy of the metric reconstruction.
XRCE-M: A Hybrid System for Named Entity Metonymy Resolution

This paper describes our participation to the Metonymy resolution at SemEval 2007 (task #8). In order to perform named entity metonymy resolution, we developed a hybrid system based on a robust parser that extracts deep syntactic relations combined with a non-supervised distributional approach, also relying on the relations extracted by the parser.
Does Work Inhibit Cognitive Development During College?

This longitudinal investigation of 23 colleges and universities sought to estimate the impacts of on- and off-campus work on standardized measures of student cognitive development across three years of college. With controls made for student background characteristics and other experiences of college, there was little evidence to suggest that either form of work inhibited cognitive development in the first year of college. In the second year of college, on-campus work had small negative total and direct influences on science reasoning, but neither form of work inhibited students’ writing skills. Both forms of work had a significant curvilinear relationship with a composite measure of end-of-third-year cognitive development consisting of reading comprehension and critical thinking. Part-time on- or off-campus work had a positive influence, but on-campus work in excess of 15 hours per week or off-campus work in excess of 20 hours per week had a negative impact. Finally, across all years of the study, the cognitive impacts of work appear to be essentially the same, irrespective of student characteristics (e.g., ethnicity, gender, age, precollege ability, full-or part-time enrollment) and whether or not the student attended a two-year or a four-year college.
Gender and Career Outcomes of U.S. Engineers

72 1024x768 Normal 0 false false false st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Why are women more likely than men to leave the U.S. engineering workforce? This article analyses existing, nationally-representative data about engineers in the United States to answer this question. Two types of factors are considered: factors associated with balancing work/family; and those associated with the relative success of moving into managerial work away from technical tracks, a common engineering career path. The data are the U.S. National Science Foundation’s Science and Engineering Statistical Data System for 2006 and provide the most comprehensive data about the U.S. science and engineering workforce. While U.S. engineering women are more likely than their male peers to indicate that family-related reasons were part of the reason for not being in the field, this reason was less important than were “changes in career or professional interests. ” Consistent with previous research, men are more likely than women to move into managerial careers and to indicate that they have left engineering for “pay or promotion opportunities. ”
Understanding the reasons for parenthood

There have been considerable changes in childbearing decision‐making in the West over the last 50 years. These changes have produced a concern with understanding and predicting fertility change amongst demographers, sociologists, and psychologists. This paper presents findings from a survey (n = 897) of a representative sample of white married couples in the UK currently without children. Gender differences are examined across a wide range of reasons for and against parenthood. A scale of the reasons for parenthood is developed in order to predict intentions to have a child. An 11‐reason scale best predicts classification into intenders and non‐intenders for both men and women. Only two demographic variables, age and marital length, also discriminate between intenders and non‐intenders and these variables have both a direct and indirect effect on intentions. Most importantly for those interested in effecting behavioural change, reasons for parenthood significantly improve classification beyond that of demographic variables alone.
A Framework for Computing the Privacy Scores of Users in Online Social Networks

A large body of work has been devoted to address corporate-scale privacy concerns related to social networks. The main focus was on how to share social networks owned by organizations without revealing the identities or sensitive relationships of the users involved. Not much attention has been given to the privacy risk of users posed by their information sharing activities. In this paper, we approach the privacy concerns arising in online social networks from the individual users’ viewpoint: we propose a framework to compute a privacy score of a user, which indicates the potential privacy risk caused by his participation in the network. Our definition of privacy score satisfies the following intuitive properties: the more sensitive the information revealed by a user, the higher his privacy risk. Also, the more visible the disclosed information becomes in the network, the higher the privacy risk. We develop mathematical models to estimate both sensitivity and visibility of the information. We apply our methods to synthetic and real-world data and demonstrate their efficacy and practical utility.
Interspecific Nest Parasitism by Pseudabispa paragioides, a Solitary Australian Wasp

Abstract In morphology, coloration, and size, Pseudabispa wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) closely resemble mason wasps in the genus Abispa, and their distributions overlap. Although these two genera are among the largest solitary wasps in Australia, the biology of Pseudabispa was not previously known. Field observations from near Katherine, Northern Territory, strongly suggest that P. paragioides (Meade-Waldo) females attack and kill female A. ephippium (Fabricius) and usurp their nests, then appropriate cells, mass provision them with caterpillars acquired by theft from still other nests, and close them with mud taken from the host nest. Despite an abundance of potentially available cells in nests of three other large solitary wasps common at the same site, P. paragioides was found associated only with nests of A. ephippium. This unusual report of apparently forcible and lethal interspecific nest takeover for a non-social wasp parallels behaviors previously known only from socially parasitic eusocial Hymenoptera. Exploitation by P. paragioides may help explain why its host displays some of the most highly developed parental care known in any solitary eumenid, and why its nests are spaced widely from one another.
Planning units in spontaneous speech: some evidence from hesitation in speech and speaker gaze direction in conversation

The aim of the present study was to attempt to elucidate the nature of the units of encoding involved in the generation of spontaneous speech, firstly through analysis of the distribution of hesitations in speech, and secondly through analysis of speaker gaze direction in conversation. These analyses suggested that both suprasentential units and simple clausal units are implicated in the encoding process. Moreover, evidence of encoding on a clausal basis was only obtained for speech produced during the planning phases of the larger, suprasentential units.
Children's Identification Accuracy of Multiple Perpetrators: Examining the Simultaneous versus Elimination Line-up

Identification accuracy of child witnesses for a multiple perpetrator crime was examined using two line-up procedures, the simultaneous and elimination. Participants (N = 90) viewed a videotape of a staged theft involving two perpetrators (thief vs. accomplice). Each witness was shown two line-ups. Target-present and target-absent line-ups were used with each procedure across each perpetrator. Collapsing across line-up procedure, child witnesses correctly identified the thief and the accomplice at a comparable rate. When the thief was present in the line-up, the correct identification rate did not vary as a function of line-up procedure. However, when the accomplice was present in the line-up, the rate of correct identification was higher with the simultaneous procedure than with the elimination procedure. When the thief was absent from the line-up, the correct rejection rate was higher with the elimination procedure compared with the simultaneous procedure. Child witnesses correctly rejected the accomplice at a comparable rate across line-up procedures.
Which Teaching Practices Improve Student Performance on High-Stakes Exams? Evidence from Russia

This study examines the relationship between teaching practices aimed at raising student performance on a high stakes college entrance examination—the Russian Unified State Exam (USE) — and student performance on that test. The study uses data from a school/classroom survey of almost 3,000 students conducted in 2010 in three Russian regions. The analysis employs a student fixed effects method that estimates the impact of teaching practices used by students’ mathematics and Russian language teachers on students’ exam results. To test for possible heterogeneous effects of practices in different academic tracks, the study estimates the practices’ effect on USE scores for students in advanced and basic level tracks. The study finds that the only strategy with positive effects on test outcomes is greater amounts of subject-specific homework geared to different types of test items, and that the most effective type of homework differs across tracks
Factors Related to Intervention Integrity and Child Outcome in Social Skills Interventions

The purpose of the current investigation was to assess the relationship between the integrity with which social skills interventions were implemented in early childhood special education classrooms and 3 factors: teacher ratings of intervention acceptability, consultative support for implementation, and individual child outcomes. Sixteen early childhood special education teachers were randomly divided into two groups: training only and training with consultative support. Each teacher selected 1 of 4 standardized intervention packages for implementation. Prior to implementation, teachers were asked to complete a survey questionnaire designed to assess their acceptability ratings for individual components of the intervention package. Children receiving intervention participated in free play sessions, structured play sessions, direct-instruction sessions, and role play sessions. Observational data collection techniques were used to assess the integrity with which intervention components were implemented and, following intervention, the social interaction behaviors of participating children. Positive correlations between intervention integrity and both overall amount of intervention provided and child outcome were found. Results also indicated that teacher ratings of intervention acceptability were weak predictors of subsequent intervention integrity and consultative support did not systematically affect intervention integrity.
IgE‐mediated fungal allergy in allergic fungal sinusitis

This review will address the current knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms in allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) and the basis for the current classification of a subgroup of chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Special attention is directed to the role of immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated fungal allergy in the pathogenesis of AFS. Concepts relating to the mucosal inflammatory response are introduced, as a knowledge of the reactions of the sinus mucosal cells can lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms perpetuating and maintaining the chronic inflammation. Laryngoscope, 2009
Experienced teachers’ informal learning from classroom teaching

The purpose of this paper is to explore how experienced teachers learn informally, and more specifically, how they learn through the activities they undertake when teaching classes. Regarding these activities we studied four aspects: behaviour, cognition, motivation and emotion. During one year, data were collected through observations of and interviews with four experienced teachers. For the analysis we used Eraut’s distinction into three types of learning which differ in the degree of consciousness that is involved. We found several activities that represented each of these types of learning. The findings demonstrate how cognitive, affective, motivational and behavioural aspects are interrelated in classroom teaching and that learning from classroom teaching occurs at several levels of awareness. Hence, we argue that a theory of teacher learning should account for activities involved in the alignment of behaviour to plan and for the role of motivation and emotion. The findings suggest that fruitful development of the quality of teaching requires more attention for the relation between teachers’ cognition, emotion, motivation and behaviour, and for promoting teachers’ awareness of their implicit beliefs and behavioural tendencies.