Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutional Holdings and Payout Policy

We examine the relation between institutional holdings and payout policy in U.S. public firms. We find that payout policy affects institutional holdings. Institutions avoid firms that do not pay dividends. However, among dividend-paying firms they prefer firms that pay fewer dividends. Our evidence indicates that institutions prefer firms that repurchase shares, and regular repurchasers over nonregular repurchasers. Higher institutional holdings or a concentration of holdings do not cause firms to increase their dividends, their repurchases, or their total payout. Our results do not support models that predict that high dividends attract institutional clientele, or models that predict that institutions cause firms to increase payout. Copyright 2005 by The American Finance Association.
Tumor lysis syndrome after induction chemotherapy of small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma.

THE TUMOR lysis syndrome, consisting of severe hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, and hypocalcemia, occurs after the effective induction chemotherapy of rapidly growing malignant neoplasms. This syndrome has been reported to complicate the treatment of acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma. 1-3 The metabolic abnormalities are thought to be secondary to the release of intracellular products after cell lysis. 1 We report herein a case of tumor lysis syndrome that occurred after induction chemotherapy of small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Report of a Case A 57-year-old female smoker was admitted to the hospital with a recent history of cough, malaise, and weight loss. Pertinent physical findings included normal vital signs, cervical adenopathy, and massive hepatomegaly. Chest x-ray film showed a right lower lobe infiltrate. Percutaneous liver biopsy and bone marrow biopsy specimens demonstrated metastatic small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Complete blood cell count was normal. Chemistry screen showed the following values: sodium, 138 mEq/L; potassium,
Factors that affect the uptake of community-based health insurance in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic protocol

Introduction Many people residing in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are regularly exposed to catastrophic healthcare expenditure. It is therefore pertinent that LMICs should finance their health systems in ways that ensure that their citizens can use needed healthcare services and are protected from potential impoverishment arising from having to pay for services. Ways of financing health systems include government funding, health insurance schemes and out-of-pocket payment. A health insurance scheme refers to pooling of prepaid funds in a way that allows for risks to be shared. The health insurance scheme particularly suitable for the rural poor and the informal sector in LMICs is community-based health insurance (CBHI), that is, insurance schemes operated by organisations other than governments or private for-profit companies. We plan to search for and summarise currently available evidence on factors associated with the uptake of CBHI, as we are not aware of previous systematic reviews that have looked at this important topic. Methods This is a protocol for a systematic review of the literature. We will include both quantitative and qualitative studies in this review. Eligible quantitative studies include intervention and observational studies. Qualitative studies to be included are focus group discussions, direct observations, interviews, case studies and ethnography. We will search EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, ERIC, PsycInfo, Africa-Wide Information, Academic Search Premier, Business Source Premier, WHOLIS, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library for eligible studies available by 31 October 2013, regardless of publication status or language of publication. We will also check reference lists of included studies and proceedings of relevant conferences and contact researchers for eligible studies. Two authors will independently screen the search output, select studies and extract data, resolving discrepancies by consensus and discussion. Qualitative data will be extracted using standardised data extraction tools adapted from the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) qualitative appraisal checklist and put together in a thematic analysis where applicable. We will statistically pool data from quantitative studies in a meta-analysis; but if included quantitative studies differ significantly in study settings, design and/or outcome measures, we will present the findings in a narrative synthesis. This protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (ID=CRD42013006364). Dissemination Recommendations will be made to health policy makers, managers and researchers in LMICs to help inform them on ways to strengthen and increase the uptake of CBHI.
Entropy based Fuzzy C-Mean for Item-based Collaborative Filtering

Collaborative Filtering (CF) is a method behind the successful of Recommendation System by attempting to predict user interested from peer's opinions and recommend similar items that match user's interested. A Challenge for collaborative filtering is data characteristics. It's always contains a lot of missing values either by gotten number of rating from user is very low or new items add to the system. Consequently, accurate prediction is difficult due to there is not much data can be used to train the system. In addition, the computational cost of CF becomes highly expensive on very large data size therefore users expect real-time recommendation but CF could fail to operate because of data size. Many approaches tried to overcome these issues, Fuzzy C-Mean for Item-based approach (IFCM) is one of efficient and easy to reduce impact of scalability by performing clustering on the item side. In this paper we employ Entropy based to IFCM. Our result shows that IFCM+Entropy improve MAE by 3.2% and 13.4% on single rate items compare to IFCM.
SmartSen: smart sensing for enhancing real-time activity recognition in phone-based interactive CPS

Using mobile devices to enhance users interaction with CPS has many potential benefits for healthcare applications. Recent research has looked at how to recognize human activities using smartphones, to indicate health status. But little attention has been paid to automatically identify the activity habits of individuals in real-time. Of course, the energy constraint in smartphones must be considered during the design of such cyber-physical recognition systems. In this paper, we propose a prediction-based smart sensing strategy that is energy efficient and works in real-time. By making use of the temporal correlation property of real-world phenomena, an adaptive k-order Markov chain based prediction algorithm is proposed to avoid continuous sensing so that significant energy savings can be achieved. The prediction results are analyzed online in real-time, to ensure that the system can track an individual's behavior pattern and provide timely response to changes in behavior. Real-world experiments using our prototype show that such recognition oriented CPS systems can not only achieve energy savings, but also converge to steady state with high individual recognition accuracy, in a real-time manner.
Minimization of $\lambda_2(\Omega)$ with a perimeter constraint

We study the problem of minimizing the second Dirichlet eigenvalue for the Laplacian operator among sets of given perimeter. In two dimensions, we prove that the optimum exists, is convex, regular, and its boundary contains exactly two points where the curvature vanishes. In $N$ dimensions, we prove a more general existence theorem for a class of functionals which is decreasing with respect to set inclusion and $\gamma$ lower semicontinuous.
Genetic heterogeneity within ulcerative colitis determined by an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies.

BACKGROUND Although there is strong evidence implicating genetic predisposition in the pathogenesis of the chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, the number and identity of susceptibility genes remain uncertain. Cytokine genes are tentative candidate loci, but data regarding association studies in different populations are conflicting. AIMS To determine potential associations of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and tumour necrosis factor beta (TNF beta) gene polymorphisms with ulcerative colitis or subsets of ulcerative colitis in a Spanish population. METHODS Genotyping for IL-1ra, TNF alpha and TNF beta gene polymorphisms was performed by the polymerase chain reaction in 95 patients with ulcerative colitis and 74 healthy controls. A variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the IL-1ra gene, and a single base pair polymorphism in the TNF alpha gene promoter region (-308) and in the first intron of the TNF beta gene were analysed. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) were detected using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS There were no significant differences between ulcerative colitis patients and controls in either polymorphism analysed, nor between ulcerative colitis subgroups as a function of the clinical disease pattern. However, when stratified by their ANCA status, perinuclear ANCA (p-ANCA) ulcerative colitis showed an increased frequency of the genotype 1,2 of the IL-1ra gene compared with ANCA-negative ulcerative colitis (52% versus 28%; P = 0.02, Pcorr = 0.1). Furthermore, p-ANCA ulcerative colitis had a statistically significant increase of this genotype compared with cytoplasmic ANCA (c-ANCA)/ANCA-negative ulcerative colitis (52% versus 26.5%; P = 0.01, Pcorr = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the Spanish population studied, the polymorphisms analysed in the IL-1ra, TNF alpha and TNF beta genes are unlikely to be important in the overall susceptibility to ulcerative colitis. However, the combination of a subclinical (p-ANCA) and a genetic (IL-1ra gene) marker identified a distinct ulcerative colitis subgroup (p-ANCA; IL-1ra genotype 1,2). These findings provide further evidence of genetic heterogeneity within ulcerative colitis, and support the concept that ANCA may represent a subclinical marker of genetic heterogeneity.
Pitch Class Set Categories as Analysis Tools for Degrees of Tonality

This is an explorative paper in which we present a new method for music analysis based on pitch class set categories. It has been shown before that pitch class sets can be divided into six different categories. Each category inherits a typical character which can "tell" something about the music in which it appears. In this paper we explore the possibilities of using pitch class set categories for 1) classification in major/minor mode, 2) classification in tonal/atonal music, 3) determination of a degree of tonality, and 4) determination of a composer’s period.
Endurance Training-Induced Increase in Circulating Irisin Levels Is Associated with Reduction of Abdominal Visceral Fat in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

To elucidate the effects of endurance training on circulating irisin levels in young and middle-aged/older adults, and to determine the association between endurance training-induced alteration of irisin and reduction in body fat. Twenty-five healthy young (age 21 ± 1 years; 16 men, 9 women) and 28 healthy middle-aged/older adults (age 67 ± 8 years; 12 men, 16 women) participated in the study. Each age cohort was divided into two groups: the endurance-training group (14 young, 14 middle-aged/older) and the control group. Subjects in the training groups completed an 8-week endurance-training program (cycling at 60-70% peak oxygen uptake [V˙O2peak] for 45 min, 3 days/week). Before and after the intervention, we evaluated serum irisin level, V˙O2peak, and body composition. The increase in V˙O2peak in the young and middle-aged/older training groups after the intervention period was significantly greater than those in the young and middle-aged/older control groups (P < 0.05). Serum irisin level was significantly increased in the middle-aged/older training group after the intervention period (P < 0.01), but not in the young training group. Furthermore, in the middle-aged/older training group, the endurance training-induced reduction in visceral adipose tissue area was negatively correlated with the change in serum irisin level (r = −0.54, P < 0.05). These results suggest a possible role for secreted irisin in the exercise-induced alteration of abdominal visceral fat in middle-aged and older adults.
The Effect of Minor and Major Mergers on the Evolution of Low-excitation Radio Galaxies

We use deep, μr ≲ 28 mag arcsec−2, r-band imaging from the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey to search for past, or ongoing, merger activity in a sample of 282 low-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs) at z < 0.07. Our principal aim is to assess the the role of mergers in the evolution of LERGs. Exploiting the imaging depth, we classify tidal remnants around galaxies as both minor and major morphological disturbances for our LERG sample and 1622 control galaxies matched in redshift, stellar mass, and environment. In groups and in the field, the LERG minor merger fraction is consistent with the control population. In galaxy clusters, 8.8 ± 2.9% of LERGs show evidence of recent minor mergers in contrast to 23.0 ± 2.0% of controls. This ∼4σ deficit of minor mergers in cluster LERGs suggests these events may inhibit this type of nuclear activity for galaxies within the cluster environment. We observe a >4σ excess of major mergers in the LERGs with M* ≲ 1011 M⊙, with 10 ± 1.5% of these active galactic nuclei involved in such large-scale interactions compared to 3.2 ± 0.4% of control galaxies. This excess of major mergers in LERGs decreases with increasing stellar mass, vanishing by M* > 1011.3 M⊙. These observations show that minor mergers do not fuel LERGs, and are consistent with typical LERGs being powered by accretion of matter from their halo. Where LERGs are associated with major mergers, these objects may evolve into more efficiently accreting active galactic nuclei as the merger progresses and more gas falls on to the central engine.
Heavy cigarette smoking is strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly in patients without a family history of RA

OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential relation between cumulative exposure to cigarette smoking in patients with or without rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a positive family history of the disease. METHODS 239 outpatient based patients with RA were compared with 239 controls matched for age, sex, and social class. A detailed smoking history was recorded and expressed as pack years smoked. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the association between RA and pack years smoked. The patients with RA were also interviewed about a family history of disease and recorded as positive if a first or second degree relative had RA. The smoking history at the time of the study of the patients with RA with or without a family history of the disease was compared directly with that of their respective controls. Patients with RA with or without a family history of the disease were also compared retrospectively for current smoking at the time of disease onset. RESULTS An increasing association between increased pack years smoked and RA was found. There was a striking association between heavy cigarette smoking and RA. A history for 41–50 pack years smoked was associated with RA (odds ratio (OR) 13.54, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.89 to 63.38; p<0.001). The association between ever having smoked and RA was modest (OR 1.81, CI 1.22 to 2.19; p=0.002). Furthermore, cigarette smoking in the patients with RA without a positive family history of RA was more prevalent than in the patients with a positive family history of RA for ever having smoked (72% v 54%; p=0.006), the number of pack years smoked (median 25.0v 4.0; p<0.001), and for smoking at the time of disease onset (58% v 39%; p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Heavy cigarette smoking, but not smoking itself, is strongly associated with RA requiring hospital follow up and is markedly more prevalent in patients with RA without a family history of RA.
Faecal calprotectin: comparative study of the Quantum Blue rapid test and an established ELISA method

Abstract Background: Faecal calprotectin is a non-invasive marker for neutrophilic intestinal inflammation. It can be used in the differential diagnosis between functional and organic bowel disease. Moreover, it correlates with endoscopic organic bowel disease activity. The objective of this study is to evaluate a recently launched quantitative immunochromatographic point-of-care test: Quantum Blue Calprotectin (Bühlmann Laboratories AG, Schönenbuch, Switzerland) in comparison to an established ELISA method (Bühlmann Laboratories AG). Methods: We included 142 samples, either archived (–80°C) faecal extracts or fresh routine samples. Both the normal range cartridges as well as the high range cartridge from the point-of-care test were used. The ELISA was compared with the point-of-care test and the optimal the point-of-care test cut-off values were searched for using Microsoft® Excel 2002 and MedCalc Software version 10.0.0. 0 (Mariakerke, Belgium). Results: In the method comparison a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.89 was found. The Passing Bablok regression analysis showed a significant deviation from linearity (y=–40.8+1.0x). The use of a cut-off value of 30 μg/g faeces and a grey zone of 30–110 μg/g faeces resulted in the best agreement between the ELISA interpretation and the point-of-care test interpretation, with 89.4% (127/142) agreement and 10.6% (15/142) mismatches. Conclusions: We may conclude that the point-of-care test can serve as a reliable alternative to the time consuming ELISA in the differential diagnosis between functional and organic bowel disease. Furthermore, it seems to be reliable in the follow-up of inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Recurrent congenital clubfoot; the role of the M. tibialis posterior in etiology and treatment.

The insertion of the tendon of the tibialis posterior has been dissected in fifty-six feet with recurrent club-foot. This insertion was abnormal in all instances. The tendon was thickened and at the medial malleolus changed into a thick fibrous mass, inserting with extensions to fascia, ligaments, and bones at the medial, dorsal, and plantar aspects of the foot. As the tibialis posterior is the only muscle able to produce club-foot by its contraction or shortening alone, deformity of this muscle is seen as one of the main reasons for the development of club-foot. Considering this, the tibialis posterior was transferred, after excision of the abnormal insertion, to the anterior plane of the foot and sutured to time third cuneiform. Achilles-tendon lengthening and posterior capsulotomy were performed at the same time to overcome equinus deformity. Thirteen of the patients were followed for at least four years. Good results were obtained in twelve patients; seven of the results were classified as excellent with full correction of deformity and full function. In five, some minor deformity remained or walking on tip-toe was not possible. Overcorrection resulted in one patient and the result was regarded as unsatisfactory.
Characterizing Geographic Variation in Well-Being Using Tweets

The language used in tweets from 1,300 different US counties was found to be predictive of the subjective well-being of people living in those counties as measured by representative surveys. Topics, sets of co-occurring words derived from the tweets using LDA, improved accuracy in predicting life satisfaction over and above standard demographic and socio-economic controls (age, gender, ethnicity, income, and education). The LDA topics provide a greater behavioural and conceptual resolution into life satisfaction than the broad socio-economic and demographic variables. For example, tied in with the psychological literature, words relating to outdoor activities, spiritual meaning, exercise, and good jobs correlate with increased life satisfaction, while words signifying disengagement like ’bored’ and ’tired’ show a negative association.
Biphasic Regulation of Mammary Epithelial Resistance by Serotonin through Activation of Multiple Pathways*

Mammary gland homeostasis and the lactation-to-involution switch are regulated by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)). Mammary epithelial tight junctions are physiological targets of 5-HT, and their disruption marks an early stage of mammary gland involution. In these studies, we have identified signal transduction mechanism employed by 5-HT during regulation of mammary gland transepithelial resistance. Transepithelial electrical resistance and tight junction protein architecture were studied in cultures of MCF10A human mammary epithelial cells. Serotonin had biphasic effects on mammary epithelial resistance. At lower concentrations and earlier time points, 5-HT potentiated epithelial transmembrane resistance, whereas at higher concentrations and later time points, 5-HT decreased transepithelial electrical resistance and disrupted tight junctions. Both the early and delayed actions of 5-HT were mediated by the 5-HT7 receptor through activation of Gs/cAMP. 5-HT induced the activities of both protein kinase A and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase abrogated 5-HT-induced disruption of mammary epithelial tight junctions (the delayed effect). In contrast, inhibition of protein kinase A prevented the increased epithelial resistance in response to 5-HT (the transient effect). These studies imply an integrated set of mechanisms whereby transient, modest activation of 5-HT7 promotes tight junction integrity, and sustained 5-HT7 activation drives involution by disrupting tight junctions.
Darier's Disease with Salivary Gland Obstruction: Synergistic Therapy with Vitamins A and E Suggested

Risks of hypertension From Dr Ivan Janota Department of Neuropathology Institute of Psychiatry, London Dear Sir, In his excellent editorial on 'Management of intractable hypertension' (July Journal, p 537), Dr Alistair Mackay touches in his last sentence on the various high risks to poorly controlled hypertensives. It would be helpful if someone researched the incidence of myocardial infarction in hypertensive subjects. Old scars are often found by pathologists in hearts with thick left ventricles. Has myocardial infarction, like antihypertensive drugs, any lasting influence on the level of the blood pressure and on the blood flow? My concern has been with the changes in the cerebral white matter in demented patients who are nearly always hypertensive (Binswanger's disease). Those cases that I have reported (Janota 1981a, b) often lived . long with their altered mental state; two of the reported cases did have old scars in the heart, and I have since seen several other instances of this. It seems possible that lowering of blood pressure, which reduces the high risk of complications such as cerebral haemorrhage (Janota 198Ic), is accompanied by an increase in the incidence of Binswanger's disease.
Relational structures determined by their finite induced substructures

Abstract A countably infinite relational structure M is called absolutely ubiquitous if the following holds: whenever N is a countably infinite structure, and M and N have the same isomorphism types of finite induced substructures, there is an isomorphism from M to N. Here a characterisation is given of absolutely ubiquitous structures over languages with finitely many relation symbols. A corresponding result is proved for uncountable structures.